Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aphally in the stylommatophoran land snail Phaedusa (Clausiliidae: Phaedusinae) in Timor and its systematic implications

ABSTRACT The Clausiliidae (subfamily Phaedusinae) of the Lesser Sunda island of Timor are poorly studied. To date, one species with a rather confusing taxonomic history, Phaedusa timorensis Nordsieck, 2007, has been recorded from West Timor. Based on the study of recently collected material, we present the first record of clausiliids from Timor-Leste (East Timor). Two species, which live in sympatry with each other, are recognised and described based on comparative shell morphology and mitochondrial differentiation: Phaedusa ramelauensis n. sp. and P. angustocostata n. sp. Both species are ovoviviparous, retaining shelled juveniles in their oviducts. One population of P. ramelauensis consists of individuals that lack male organs while having fully functional female organs. As with similar cases in other stylommatophoran families, the aphally is hypothesised to be a byproduct of either within-species polymorphism or hybridisation and to have no bearing on the taxonomy of these terrestrial snails. Because aphally is the key characteristic of Renschiphaedusa Loosjes and Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1973, this genus-level taxon is placed in the synonymy of Phaedusa H. and A. Adams, 1855. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:528EB46B-5E4F-49B6-AECE-4DFE20B4B4A0
Determination of Pesticide Residues in curry leaf in local markets of Hyderabad, India

Studies were conducted for determining the residues of commonly used pesticides in curry leaf samples collected periodically from different markets of Hy derabad, India during 2013 - 2014. A total of 120 samples we re collected from five selected markets of Hyderabad e month and analysed using QuEChERS method on LC- MS/MS. The most commonly detected pesticide residue s were of Profenophos (22.5%), Ethion (20%), Cyfluth rin (16.67%), Bifenthrin (8.33%), Chlorpyriphos (7.5%), Dimethoate(7.5%), Triazophos (5.83%), Phorate (4.17 %), Methyl parathion (3.33%) , cypermethrin (2.5%), Fenpropathrin (2.5%), Monocrotophos (2.5%), Acetamaprid(1.67%), Methamidophos(1.67%). Acephate, Allethrin, alpha cypermethrin ,Fipronil, Carbendazi m, Deltamethrin, Malathion, Quinalphos all (0.83%) indicating that, curry leaf samples contained dete ctable level of the pesticides residues for which Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) are not fixed. As there are no MRLs fo r curry leaves, it should be considered as most important to fix MRLs to ensure food safety and consumer health and to create awareness among the farmers about the applic ation dose, method of application and Pre Harvest Interva ls. The mismanagement or non-availability of proper informa tion about the pesticide application can lead to contami nation of pesticide residues in curry leaf. The findings o f this study provided important data about contamination of pest icide residues in curry leaf sold in the local markets of Hyderabad and hence, it is essential to conduct mon itoring studies in other curry leaf growing agro climatic r which may serve as basis for future policy about th e standards and quality control of pesticides.
Aerosol deposition in the respiratory tract

Deposition of aerosols in the respiratory tract can be quantitatively and qualitatively studied by scintigraphy. The most commonly used radionuclide for this purpose is technetium-99m. The effects of various factors on particle deposition have been investigated by using radiolabelled aerosols in the past decade. Most of these studies were in vivo but some were in vitro or ex vivo. The factors examined include particle size, formulation, inhaler design, inhalation flowrate, body posture, and gravity. They have been shown to influence pulmonary deposition, nasal high flow nebulisation, and intranasal delivery. A thorough understanding of the various factors is required for the advancement of respiratory drug delivery. Scintigraphy is a powerful technique that can assist in this regard.
Effects of nitrogen fertilization and maturation conditions on protein aggregates and on the breadmaking quality of Soissons, a common wheat cultivar

Formation of storage proteins and their aggregation in response to available nitrogen and maturation conditions were investigated for the French wheat cultivar Soissons. N-fertilization level greatly influences the accumulation of the different classes of storage and metabolic proteins by modifying the relative composition of the protein pool, which can be expressed by a decrease of the ratio of glutenins to gliadins and also by variations in baking strength. Changes in glutenin content, high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), and aggregates were monitored by nitrogen determination, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Whereas the composition in HMW-GS remained unchanged, the aggregation level of glutenic polymers developed differently depending on the maturation conditions. These aggregation variations are discussed in connection with the specific contribution of some HMW-GS to the formation of both soluble and insoluble SDS-glutenic aggregates and also with baking strength response.
Re-description of Lysirude channeri (Decapoda Crustacea: Raninidae) from Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean

Frog crabs (Family Raninidae) are cryptic, burying marine brachyuran crabs adapted for inhabiting soft and sandy bottoms across a wide bathymetric range of tropical to low-latitude temperate regions. The present account encompasses re-description of Lysirude channeri from a depth range of 614–655 m in Bay of Bengal, India. Morphological examination of 76 specimens agreed with earlier type descriptions in having two antero-lateral spines, but this contradicts with the specimens from the South China Sea and off the Philippines. In addition, some specimens from the present study revealed the presence of two carpal spines instead of one described before. However, the genetic congruency of the collected specimens were inferred by developing molecular marker viz. mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene sequences, representing the first molecular data for Lysirude channeri. Phylogram and genetic distance data (up to 0.60%) justified the genetic congruency of Lysirude channeri as well as the interspecific divergence (up to 15.2%) between Lysirude channeri and Lyreidus brevifrons. Hence, the present study provides complete morphological and molecular data for re-describing the frog crab Lysirude channeri and also delineates its speciation from other related brachyuran crabs.
Quality changes of selected vegetable oils during frying of doughnuts

Cottonseed oil, Friol oil (commercial name of a blend of 75% sunflower oil, 25% palm oil and 5% peanut oil), refined residue oil with 5% virgin olive oil and extra virgin olive oil were used for intermittently frying of doughnuts for 2 hours per day at a temperature of 170±5°C for 5 consecutive days. The oils were subjected to repeated frying processes designed to simulate those which might be carried out in domestic situations. Under these conditions thermal and oxidative degradation of the oils occurred. Afterwards the quality changes of the frying oils were evaluated. Viscosity, colour, polar compounds, and free fatty acids of oils increased whereas smoke point, iodine value, Rancimat induction period polyunsaturated fatty acids content and tocopherols concentration decreased. The results of the above tests clearly suggested that the olive oil was in comparison with all the other oils more stable with increased thermal oxidation stability.
Downsizing and surviving employees' engagement and strain: The role of job resources and job demands

Correspondence Katja Dlouhy, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany. Email: katja.dlouhy@bwl.uni-mannheim.de Abstract Downsizing is widely assumed to detrimentally affect surviving employees' engagement and health through increased demands and decreased resources. Building on job demands–resources theory, we assess whether these effects occur and whether job demands and resources moderate the detrimental effects of downsizing on employee health and engagement. We conceptualize downsizing as a stressor event, and we explain its relationship with employee health through the job demands work overload and job insecurity are (two) job demands, as well as its relationship with employee engagement through the job resources supervisor support and opportunities for development are job resources. Using data from two large representative samples of German employees, we show that job demands mediate the negative relationship between downsizing and employees' psychological and physical health and that job resources mediate the negative relationship between downsizing and engagement. We find little support for the assumption that job resources alleviate the indirect effects of downsizing on surviving employees' health, or that job demands strengthen the indirect effects of downsizing on surviving employees' engagement. We discuss how these findings expand our understanding of downsizing and outline practical implications for human resource practitioners.
Macroinvertebrates and diatoms as indicators of acidification in forest spring brooks in a region of eastern Germany (Leipzig-Halle-Bitterfeld) highly impacted by industrial activities

Benthic macroinvertebrates and epilithic diatoms were surveyed in six forest spring brooks of Saxonia-Anhalt and Saxonia (eastern Germany). The aquatic communities changed from acid-sensitive to acid-tolerant along a gradient of acidity within the sampling area. The acidity states of the brooks were assessed by indicator species and pH values measured weekly. Waters close to industrial emitters showed lower acidity states than those farther from them. The different assessment methods used tended to yield corresponding results. In some cases, however, the results were not congruent, particularly when macroinvertebrates were used. Possible modifications of acidity-indication evaluation systems are discussed which may lead to improved assessments.
Immunomodulatory Potential ofCajanus indicusLeaves Powder on Dietary Supplementation in Broiler Birds

The present study was conducted to evaluate the immuno-modulatory potential of Cajanus indicus leaves powder on dietary supplementation in broiler birds. Day-old broiler chicks of Vencobb strain (n = 36) were randomly assigned into 3 treatments with 3 replicates each, 4 chicks (2 each for cell mediated and humoral immune response) in each replicate. The dietary treatments composed of the basal diet in control group, 0.05% Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate added to the basal diet in standard group and 1.5% Cajanus indicus leaves powder added to the basal diet in test group. The HA titre (as measured against sheep RBC) was significantly (p<0.01) higher in birds of test group as compared to birds of control and standard group. There was significant (p<0.01) elevation of cell mediated immunity (CMI) in broiler birds of test group as compared to control and standard group when evaluated by DNFB skin contact sensitization test. The result indicated that ration supplemented with Cajanus indicus leaves powder @1.5% significantly improved cellular and humoral immune responses in broiler birds.
Effects of light intensity and ammonium enrichment on the hermatypic coral Stylophora pistillata and its zooxanthellae

The response of zooxanthellate corals to ammonium enrichment depends on light intensity. In these corals the growth of both algal symbionts and the host animal is controlled by nitrogen and carbon fluxes and their ratios. The combined effects of light intensity [100% (HL), 50% (ML), 10% (LL), and less than 1 % (D) of sunlight) and ammonium concentration ( <1 and 20 μM) on the symbiotic coral Stylophora pistillata were examined. Algal density depended on light intensity; being lowest (4.60x105 cells /cm-) for colonies maintained under <1% of sunlight, and highest (1.97x106 cells/ cm2) under high light (HL). Under low light intensity (LL), the algal population density also increased from 8.89x105 to 1.95x106 cells/ cm2 as a response to ammonium enrichment, whereas under other light intensities there was no such response. Chlorophyll concentration per algal cell increased as light intensity decreased, concomitantly with structural change in the chloroplast. There was an increase in surface density of thylakoid per cell without change in surface density of thylakoids per chloroplast. Contrary to changes in light intensity, ammonium concentration did not cause pigment changes or any ultrastructural changes in the algae. There was no clear effect on the metabolism of the colonies, since both respiration and maximal photosynthesis remained nearly constant under all treatments.
Divergent functions of SNAC4–9 and possible mechanisms for tomato adaptation to abiotic stresses

ABSTRACT Plants are exposed to all types of abiotic stresses during the process of growth and development, which could adversely affect the productivity and postharvest storage quality of plants. In the current study, the expression of SNAC4–9 and the changes of physiological parameters were analyzed in tomato seedlings under various abiotic conditions and hormone treatments. The results demonstrate that all six genes were induced by these stresses at differential induction levels and that SNAC4–9 gene expression profiles were likely to be related to the ABA, SA, and MeJA signaling pathways. In addition, all of the stress- and hormone-treated seedlings exhibited significant increases in their proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities. MDA was significantly increased in seedlings exposed to stress and decreased in hormone-treated seedlings. These data collectively suggest that SNAC4–9 might function through ABA, SA, and JA signaling pathways and the regulation of proline and antioxidant systems. This study combines molecular biology and physiology to provide valuable information for further exploring the functional roles of NAC genes in response to environmental stresses and indicates that these genes may exhibit potential for enhancing stress tolerance of transgenic tomato plants and further improving the postharvest storage quality of tomato plants.
Examining Representations of Relevant and Irrelevant Items in Visual Working Memory: An Analysis of Age- related Memory Differences

The inhibitory deficit hypothesis suggests that older adults fail to suppress irrelevant information, resulting in impaired memory for task-relevant items and increased priming of distractors (Hasher et al., 1988). In contrast, younger adults seem to filter out extraneous information and ultimately remember target items better. We set out to explore these differences by investigating how relevant and irrelevant items are represented in the brain. Using a classifier trained on four image categories, we found that while younger adults were unaffected by the representational similarity of simultaneously presented categories, older adults actually performed better when category similarity was higher. This contradicted our hypothesis that greater representational similarity would result in increased interference between studied stimuli, adding strain to already weak inhibitory mechanisms and further impairing memory for targets in older adults. These surprising results may lead to fruitful new avenues of research and opportunities to build on existing theoretical frameworks.
Characterization of Ecosystem Structure within Transplanted and Natural Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Beds

Abstract Seagrass ecosystems are some of the most productive coastal habitats in the world. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is an ecosystem engineer that provides important ecosystem functions and services. In 2010, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) began construction of their Marine Operations Center-Pacific (MOC-P) in Yaquina Bay, Oregon; coupled with this were unavoidable habitat damages, and mitigation included the creation of a transplanted eelgrass bed. The purpose of this project was to assess the recovery of ecosystem structure and function within this transplanted bed using an ecosystem-based approach. Ecological indicators (e.g., eelgrass percent cover, faunal richness and abundance) and environmental variables (e.g., sediment and water quality parameters) were monitored over 12 months at the transplanted mitigation site and two reference sites. Each bed was observed to be unique in structure, predominately driven by physical setting. Eelgrass cover at the mitigation site remained unchanged and significantly lower than at reference sites; however, most faunal indicators within the transplanted eelgrass bed were comparable to those of existing eelgrass beds. During the first year post-transplant, the eelgrass bed within the NOAA MOC-P mitigation site remained stable and was observed to be adequately performing the functions associated with eelgrass ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest. Characterizing the transplanted bed with an ecosystem-based approach allowed us to accurately assess the site's progress toward mitigation goals and provide information important to management of the NOAA MOC-P mitigation site and future eelgrass mitigation efforts.
Characterization of Creb-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (Crtc1) during embryogenesis of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

The function of homeobox (HOX) proteins depends on formation of higher order complexes with members of the three-amino-acid-loop-extension (TALE) family of cofactors such as Myeloid Ecotropic Insertion Site (MEIS) and Pre-B-Cell Leukemia Homeobox (PBX). The importance of such complexes is to impart selectivity and specificity to HOX proteins in homing in to their target genes and to confer repressor or activator activity depending on cellular and environmental cues. Furthermore, the function of HOX complexes is regulated by PKA signalling in a manner dependent on interaction with the cAMP responsive element binding (CREB) transcription factor and its co-activators CREB Regulated Transcription Coactivator (CRTC) and CREB Binding Protein (CBP). The biological significance of such interactions has been demonstrated in the context of leukemogenesis; however, much remains to be elucidated in term of embryonic development. Zebrafish is a vertebrate model system which has been extensively used by developmental biologists due to its embryological and genetic tractability. The availability of knockdown technology mediated by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides has been instrumental in the study of gene function during zebrafish embryonic development. Our lab is interested in the study of the cooperative action of HOX-MEIS-PBX complexes with CREB-CRTC during embryonic development. We aim to achieve this by elucidating the genetic interactions of the complex members, particularly MEIS1 and CRTC1. The N-terminal region of CRTC1 has been shown to interact with C-terminal transactivation domain of MEIS1, thus bridging HOX and CREB biological functions. Several labs have characterized the role of meis1 during zebrafish development. However, crtc1 function has not been explored in zebrafish. The aim of this thesis is to characterize the biological role of crtc1 during zebrafish development by a reverse genetics approach using morpholino technology. I have characterized the spatial and temporal expression of crtc1 and crtc1b during zebrafish development, and identified unique splicing of maternal and zygotic specific crtc1b transcripts. Also, I have demonstrated the co-activator function of zebrafish Crtc1 and Crtc1b by using CRE luciferase reporter assay in cell culture. Morpholino knockdown of crtc1 or crtc1b suggested partial functional redundancy of the crtc1 members. Knockdown of crtc1 function provoked a phenotype that overlaps with that of meis1 or creb morphants, such as reduction of the eye and brain. In addition, crtc1 morphants exhibited smaller body size and abnormal body shape (e.g.
Visiting the psychotherapy versus coaching psychology conundrum

This article presents similarities and differences between psychotherapy, coaching psychology and coaching, and hence discusses boundaries between these diverse fields of practice. The article will cover prevailing arguments and descriptions in the scientific community, and major differences in relation to the application in daily practice. Similarities and differences are discussed in the light of scientific research and different theoretical perspectives, including both classic and recent scholars. Main differences are; the clinical/non-clinical perspective and educational differences. Finally, some central concepts from the fields are presented in a table for a proposal of distinctions and interfaces. A comprehensive education in combination with an understanding of the differences and similarities between the three intervention forms is of significant importance for the professional working in either of the fields.
Sustainable cereal and forage production in dairy-based cropping systems

Abstract: Our objective was to evaluate the long-term impact of management systems combining rotation types [barley in monoculture (M) vs. barley in rotation with forage (R)], tillage practices [chisel plow (CP) vs. moldboard plow (MP)], and nutrient sources [mineral fertilizer (MIN) vs. liquid dairy manure (LDM)] on forage and barley grain production in the Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada. Barley grain yields were significantly higher in MP (14%) than in CP during the first 10 yr of the experiment only. In R, grain yields were comparable between the two fertilizer sources, but in M, LDM resulted in 17%–20% lower yields compared with MIN. In contrast, forage yields reached 5000 kg ha-1 under LDM, which was 11% more than under MIN. Nutrient uptake was significantly higher under R than under M. In forage production, nutrient uptake was higher under LDM than under MIN. In the long term, perennial forages and barley can be sustainably produced in rotation without productivity loss using LDM and either MP or CP. Residual N effects and non-N benefits from manure and rotation are identified as important factors contributing to cereal and forage productivity.