Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of varying supply of essential amino acids and energy on voluntary feed intake, performance, nitrogen retention and chemical body composition of growing-finishing boars

Die betaubungslose Kastration von mannlichen Ferkeln wird aus Tierschutzgrunden kritisiert und eine mogliche Alternative scheint die Mast von Ebern zu sein. Eber zeigen im Vergleich zu Kastraten ein hoheres Wachstumspotential, eine geringere Futteraufnahme sowie einen erhohten Magerfleischanteil im Schlachtkorper. Hieraus wird vielfach ein nicht naher definierter erhohter Bedarf an essentiellen Aminosauren im Futter zur Ausschopfung ihres genetisch vorhandenen Wachstumspotentials der Eber abgeleitet. Daher wurde in der vorliegenden Studie der Effekt einer gestaffelten Versorgung mit Aminosauren und z. T. Energie auf die freiwillige Futteraufnahme, die Wachstumsleistung, die Stickstoffretention und die chemische Korperzusammensetzung von Ebern verschiedener genetischer Herkunfte untersucht. Eine deutliche Erhohung des Aminosaurengehaltes des Futters hatte in dieser Studie keine Leistungssteigerung der Eber zur Folge. Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schliesen, dass Masteber bis zum Vorliegen belastbarer Empfehlungen in Anlehnung an die GfE-Empfehlungen fur Mastschweine mit sehr hohem Proteinansatz gefuttert werden konnen.
Early Survival and Growth Plasticity of 33 Species Planted in 38 Arboreta across the European Atlantic Area

To anticipate European climate scenarios for the end of the century, we explored the climate gradient within the REINFFORCE (RÉseau INFrastructure de recherche pour le suivi et l’adaptation des FORêts au Changement climatiquE) arboreta network, established in 38 sites between latitudes 37° and 57°, where 33 tree species are represented. We aim to determine which climatic variables best explain their survival and growth, and identify those species that are more tolerant of climate variation and those of which the growth and survival future climate might constrain. We used empirical models to determine the best climatic predictor variables that explain tree survival and growth. Precipitation-transfer distance was most important for the survival of broadleaved species, whereas growing-season-degree days best explained conifer-tree survival. Growth (annual height increment) was mainly explained by a derived annual dryness index (ADI) for both conifers and broadleaved trees. Species that showed the greatest variation in survival and growth in response to climatic variation included Betula pendula Roth, Pinus elliottii Engelm. , and Thuja plicata Donn ex D.Don, and those that were least affected included Quercus shumardii Buckland and Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold. We also demonstrated that provenance differences were significant for Pinus pinea L. , Quercus robur L. , and Ceratonia siliqua L. Here, we demonstrate the usefulness of infrastructures along a climatic gradient like REINFFORCE to determine major tendencies of tree species responding to climate changes.
Meta-analysis of camel trypanosomosis in Ethiopia

Camel is animal of great economic contribution to pastoralists and endowed with prestigious social value. Camels play significant role in the livelihood of the pastoralists and agro-pastoralists living in the fragile environments. The main purpose of this meta-analysis was to compute the pooled prevalence estimate of camel trypanosomosis based on the available studies. Published articles on camel trypanosomosis were searched in PubMed, Google scholar and African journals online (AJOL). The key electronic search words were: camel, trypanosomosis, Trypanosoma evansi , and surra.The preliminary screening of the articles was based on the title and abstract. The analysis was based on 11 cross-sectional study reports, which were done between the year 2008 and 2016, and in four administrative regions of Ethiopia. The pooled prevalence estimate in a random effects meta-analysis was 9.2% (95% CI 7.1- 11.8). Enormous heterogeneity were noted among the studies (I 2 = 94.4%). In subgroup and multivariable meta-regression analyses however, only two predictors namely sample size and diagnostic techniques were found to have significant effect ( p <0.05). Accordingly, the aforementioned predictor sex explained 51.8% of the explainable proportion of the heterogeneity noted between studies. In this regard, serological and molecular based reports were noted to have higher prevalence compared to wet smear and buffy coat. On the other hand, studies with smaller sample size had less prevalence compared to large sample size. Trypanosoma evansi is the only species identified and reported in all the study reports. This analysis results underscores the need for further study that involve more sensitive diagnostic techniques to reveal the precise magnitude of the disease, and to identify the vectors in all camel rearing areas of the country. Keywords: Camel; Ethiopia; Hetrogenity; Meta-analysis; Pooled prevalence; Trypanosoma evansi
Mapping Sea Ice Surface Topography in High Fidelity With ICESat‐2

The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System on Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat‐2) offers a new remote sensing capability to measure complex sea ice surface topography. We demonstrate the retrieval of six sea ice parameters from ICESat‐2/Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System data: surface roughness, ridge height, ridge frequency, melt pond depth, floe size distribution, and lead frequency. Our results establish that these properties can be observed in high fidelity, across broad geographic regions and ice conditions. We resolve features as narrow as 7 m and achieve a vertical height precision of 0.01 m, representing a significant advance in resolution over previous satellite altimeters. ICESat‐2 employs a year‐round observation strategy spanning all seasons, across both the Arctic and Southern Oceans. Because of its higher resolution, coupled with the spatial and temporal extent of data acquisition, ICESat‐2 observations may be used to investigate time‐varying, dynamic, and thermodynamic sea ice processes.
Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola (hackel) and Cola nitida (vent) extracts

This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Garcina kola (Orogbo) and Cola nitida (Obi) extracts. Fresh seeds of Cola nitida and Garcinia kola were collected from Ago-Iwoye market, Ogun State. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the test plants were used against selected test organisms, Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas euriginosa and Escherichia coli. Disc diffusion method was adopted to test for susceptibility of the selected test bacteria to the extracts. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Bioassay data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The result of the phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoid, phenol, alkaloid, saponins, tannins and phlobatanins. The result of the antibacterial activity showed that the ethanolic extract of the test plants recorded highest antimicrobial activity against test isolates compared to aqueous extracts. The tested plant seeds of both plants posses reasonable antibacterial activity but to varied zones of inhibition, with Staphylococcus aureus isolate having the highest inhibitory zones (21.33) mm while Pseudomonas aeuruginosa had the least inhibitory zone (6.00) mm. The antibacterial activity were however found to be concentration dependent (Fvalue= 3.996, Pvalue= < 0.05). All tested organisms were found to have definite MIC and MBC activities which ranges between 125 and 1000μg/ml for MIC except for Kola nitida that has no definite MBC below 1000μg/ml. The result confirms the potential of antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola and Cola nitida extracts. Keywords: Antimicrobial, Cola nitida, Garcinia kola, Phytochemical, Plant extracts
A prospective observational study of surgical management of bimalleolar fractures around ankle

Ankle fractures are one of the commonest fracture of lower limb encountered by orthopaedic surgeon. Incidence of ankle fracture has increased in both young and elderly age group; which accounts for 9% of all fractures. The incidence of ankle fractures is approximately 187 per 1 lakh person each year. Sir Robert Jones said “The least well treated and most prone joint to get injured is the ankle joint. Ankle fractures most commonly caused by fall, twisting and sport injuries. Middle and older aged patients presenting with ankle fractures have co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus and obesity. Ankle joint is most commonly injured because of its weight bearing function and role in locomotion. Ankle fracture are likely to cause lifelong complication like early degenerative arthritis, instability and pain; therefore understanding of biomechanics of ankle joint, proper fixation technique and findings of outcome studies is utmost important. Experimentally shown by Paul L. Ramsay, about 1mm lateral shift in talus, produces about 42% of decrease in tibio-talar contact area. Therefore the reduction should be ideal anatomically, which can be attained by open reduction and internal fixation. The operative procedure preserve the anatomy and weight bearing function of ankle joint and also helps in easier rehabilitation without a cast, early mobilization and weight bearing.
A model-based approach to incorporate environmental variability into assessment of a commercial fishery: a case study with the American lobster fishery in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank

Changes in bottom-up forcing are fundamental drivers of fish population dynamics. Recent literature has highlighted the need to incorporate the role of dynamic environmental conditions in stock assessments as a key step towards adaptive fishery management. Combining a bioclimate envelope model and a population dynamic model, we propose a model-based approach that can incorporate ecosystem products into single-species stock assessments. The framework was applied to a commercially important American lobster (Homarus americanus) stock in the Northwest Atlantic. The bioclimate envelope model was used to hindcast temporal variability in a lobster recruitment habitat suitability index (HSI) using bottom temperature and salinity. The climate-driven HSI was used to inform the lobster recruitment dynamics within the size-structured population dynamics model. The performance of the assessment model with an environment-explicit recruitment function is evaluated by comparing relevant assessment outputs such as recruitment, annual fishing mortality, and magnitude of retrospective biases. The environmentally-informed assessment model estimated (i) higher recruitment and lower fishing mortality and (ii) reduced retrospective patterns. This analysis indicates that climate-driven changes in lobster habitat suitability contributed to increased lobster recruitment and present potential improvement to population assessment. Our approach is extendable to other stocks that are impacted by similar environmental variability.
Numerical Study of Three-dimensional Boundary-layer Flow over a Wedge: Magnetic Field Analysis

The magnetohydrodynamic flow of a viscous fluid over a constant wedge in three- dimensional boundary-layer has been analyzed both numerically and asymptotically. The magnetic field is applied normal to the flow. The mainstream flows aligned with wedge surface are assumed to be proportional to the power of the coordinate distances. The system is described using three-dimensional MHD boundary-layer equations which are converted to couple nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The resulting equations are solved numerically using the Keller-box method which is second-order accurate and asymptotically for far-field behavior. Both numerical and asymptotic solutions give good agreement in predicting the velocity behaviors and wall shear stresses. The effects of Hartmann number, pressure gradient and shear-to- strain-rate on the velocity fields are studied. Particularly, it is shown that the solutions of three-dimensional boundary-layer for variable pressure gradient exist, its effects are important on the boundary-layer flow. Results show that there are new families of solutions for some range of shear-to-strain-rate and there exists a threshold value of it beyond which no solutions exist. For some range of parameters, there is a reverse flow at which our boundary-layer assumptions are no longer valid. Various results for the velocity profiles, wall-shear stresses and displacement thicknesses are also obtained. The physical mechanisms behind these results are discussed.
Blue Carbon stocks of Great Barrier Reef deep-water seagrasses

Shallow-water seagrasses capture and store globally significant quantities of organic carbon (OC), often referred to as ‘Blue Carbon’; however, data are lacking on the importance of deep-water (greater than 15 m) seagrasses as Blue Carbon sinks. We compared OC stocks from deep-, mid- and shallow-water seagrasses at Lizard Island within the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) lagoon. We found deep-water seagrass (Halophila species) contained similar levels of OC to shallow-water species (e.g. Halodule uninervis) (0.64 ± 0.08% and 0.9 ± 0.1 mg C cm−3, 0.87 ± 0.19% and 1.3 ± 0.3 mg C cm−3, respectively), despite being much sparser and smaller in stature. Deep-water seagrass sediments contained significantly higher levels (approx. ninefold) of OC than surrounding bare areas. Inorganic carbon (CaCO3) levels were relatively high in deep-water seagrass sediments (8.2 ± 0.4%) and, if precipitated from epiphytes within the meadow, could offset the potential CO2-sink capacity of these meadows. The δ13C signatures of sediment samples varied among depths and habitats (−10.9 and −17.0), reflecting contributions from autochthonous and allochthonous sources. If the OC stocks reported in this study are similar to deep-water Halophila meadows elsewhere within the GBR lagoon (total area 31 000 km2), then OC bound within this system is roughly estimated at 27.4 million tonnes.
Inoculum Density on Heterodera glycines Development in Resistant and Susceptible Soybean Cultivars

A series of factors can affect populations of H. glycines and even its life cycle, including inoculum density and genetic resistance of soybean cultivars. This study evaluated whether resistance reaction to H. glycines is effective in reducing nematode development under high inoculum concentration, as well as if such resistance reaction and inoculum density affect juvenil penetration and survival rate of H. glycines. Two trials were done using three soybean cultivars: one susceptible (BRS Valiosa RR) and two resistant (BRSGO Chapadões and BRSGO 8860RR) to H. glycines. The cultivars were subjected to four inoculum density (1,000, 2,500, 5,000 and 10,000 eggs and J2 per pot). The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme, with twelve replications. Two evaluations were done at 10 and 30 days after inoculation (DAI). Juvenile penetration in the roots was evaluated at 10 DAI and the number of females in the roots was estimated at 30 DAI. The survival rate was determined using both evaluations. Increasing initial density of H. glycines inoculum resulted in the increase of nematode final population in the susceptible cultivar, and the resistance reaction of soybean cultivars was not affected by the inoculum concentration. Penetration of J2 in the roots increased as inoculum density increased regardless of cultivar resistance or susceptibility. Nematode survival rate was greater in the susceptible cultivar.
EFFECT OF MOTIVATION AND JOB SATISFACTION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH WORKING DISCIPLINE AT PT. BAMBOO TIRTA ENGINEERING

This study aims to: 1) To determine and analyze the effect of motivation and job satisfaction on work discipline, 2) To determine and analyze the effect of motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance, 3) To determine and analyze the effect of work discipline on employee performance, 4) To find out and analyze the influence of motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance through work discipline PT. Bambu Tirta Engineering. The research was conducted at PT. Bambu Tirta Engineering with a research sample of 64 respondents. The sampling technique uses saturated samples. Methods of data analysis using descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis with path analysis. The results showed that: 1) there is an effect of motivation and job satisfaction on work discipline, 2) there is an effect of motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance, 3) there is an effect of work discipline on the performance of employees of PT. Bambu Tirta Engineering and 4) there is no influence between motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance through work discipline PT. Bambu Tirta Engineering. This means that the direct effect is greater than the indirect effect, the work discipline variable cannot mediate between motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance at PT. Bambu Tirta Engineering.
Linking gender, sexuality, and affect: The linguistic and social patterning of phrase-final posttonic lengthening

Abstract This paper furthers our understanding of the social forces driving prosodic variation by reporting on production and perception studies of phrase-final posttonic lengthening in American English. Building on past research showing gender-based variation in the production of phrase-final lengthening, I show that this gender effect surfaces only when comparing straight men and straight women. Gay men and straight women lengthen their phrase-final posttonic syllables equally, and both groups do so more than straight men. A matched-guise social-perception experiment shows that listeners associate increased lengthening not only with femininity and male gayness, but with expressive affect. I suggest that the link between increased lengthening and expressive affect is forged iconically and that this link underlies the gender and sexuality patterns observed in the production study. What surfaces from this work theoretically is how variability in expressions of affect may drive correlations between gender/sexuality-based categories and linguistic variants.
FLiES-SIF version 1.0: three-dimensional radiative transfer model for estimating solar induced fluorescence

Abstract. Global terrestrial ecosystems control the atmospheric CO2 concentration through gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration processes. Chlorophyll fluorescence is one of the energy release pathways of excess incident lights in the photosynthetic process. Over the last ten years, extensive studies have been revealed that canopy scale sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), which potentially provides a direct pathway to link leaf level photosynthesis to global GPP, can be observed from satellites. SIF is used to infer photosynthetic capacity of plant canopy, however, it is not clear how the leaf-level SIF emission contributes to the top of canopy directional SIF. Plant canopy radiative transfer models are the useful tools to understand the causality of directional canopy SIF. One dimensional (1-D) plane parallel layer models (e.g. the Soil Canopy Observation, Photochemistry and Energy fluxes (SCOPE) model) have been widely used and are useful to understand the general mechanisms behind the temporal and seasonal variations in SIF. However, due to the lack of complexity of the actual canopy structures, three dimensional models (3-D) have a potential to delineate the realistic directional canopy SIFs. Forest Light Environmental Simulator for SIF (FLiES-SIF) version 1.0 is the 3-D Monte Carlo plant canopy radiative transfer model to understand the biological and physical mechanisms behind the SIF emission from complex forest canopies. In this model description paper, we focused on the model formulation and simulation schemes, and showed some sensitivity analysis against several major variables such as view angle and leaf area index (LAI). The simulation results show that SIF increases with LAI then saturated at LAI > 2–4 depending on the spectral wavelength. The sensitivity analysis also shows that simulated SIF radiation may decrease with LAI at higher LAI domain (LAI > 5). These phenomena are seen in certain sun and view angle conditions. This type of non-linear and non-monotonic SIF behavior to LAI is also related to spatial forest structure patterns. FLiES-SIF version 1.0 can be used to quantify the canopy SIF in various view angles including the contribution of multiple scattering which is the important component in the near infrared domain. The potential use of the model is to standardize the satellite SIF by correcting the bi-directional effect. This step will contribute to the improvement of the GPP estimation accuracy through SIF.
Nomophobia: I Can Not Live without My Smartphone!

The aim of this study is to examine high school students' use of smartphones and their nomophobia levels. This research was designed using one of the mixed research methods, the Explanatory Mixed Method, with the combined use of both quantitative and qualitative paradigms. Nomophobia Scale was used to collect the quantitative data of the research study. 767 students from two different high schools in Nigde in Turkey participated in the research. The qualitative data were obtained from the semi-structured interviews held with 19 high school students selected from the above mentioned participants. Descriptive and explanatory statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data whereas the qualitative data were processed with the use of content analysis. The results of the study showed that high school students were nomophobic at a moderate level, and anxious about not being able to access information, losing connectedness, not being able to communicate, and giving up convenience. Moreover, it was found in the study that the participants' nomophobia levels varied significantly with regards to gender, self-reported time spent on the phone per day, grade level and duration of smartphone ownership. The participants' motivations for using smartphones were listed as communication, keeping in touch, social media and hobby. In this regard, we can recommend further investigation into psychological reasons underlying nomophobia, restrictions of students' daily use of smartphones and undertaking some measures such as implementation of awareness raising activities regarding nomophobia in schools and social life.Key words: addiction; high school; nomophobia; smartphone; smartphone addiction
Stratospheric aerosol layer perturbation caused by the 2019 Raikoke and Ulawun eruptions and climate impact

Abstract. In June 2019 a stratospheric moderate eruption occurred at Raikoke (48° N, 153° E). Satellite observations show the injection of ash and SO2 into the lower stratosphere and an early entrainment of the plume into a cyclone. Following the Raikoke eruption stratospheric Aerosol Optical Depth (sAOD) values increased in the whole northern hemisphere and tropics and remained enhanced for more than one year, with peak values at 0.040 (shorter-wavelength visible, higher northern latitudes) to 0.025 (shorter-wavelength visible, average northern hemisphere). Discrepancies between observations and models indicate that ash has played a role on evolution and sAOD values. Top of the atmosphere radiative forcings are estimated at values between −0.3 and −0.4 W/m2 (clear-sky), and of −0.1 to −0.2 W/m2 (all-sky), comparable to what was estimated for the Sarychev eruption in 2009. Almost simultaneously two significantly smaller stratospheric eruptions occurred at Ulawun (5° S, 151° E) in June and August. Aerosol enhancements from the Ulawun eruptions had mainly an impact on the tropics and southern hemisphere. The Ulawun plume circled the Earth within one month in the tropics. Peak shorter-wavelength sAOD values at 0.01 are found in the tropics following the Ulawun eruptions, and a radiative forcing not exceeding −0.15 (clear-sky) and −0.05 (all-sky). Compared to the Canadian Fires (2017), Ambae eruption (2018), Ulawun (2019) and the Australian fires (2019/2020) highest sAOD values and RF are found for the Raikoke eruption.