Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct Simple Shear Tests on Snow and their Relation to Slab Avalanche Formation

Abstract Many slab avalanches can be attributed to shear failure in a weak, thin basal layer at the slab base. A reasonable starting point for evaluation of the conditions prior to fracture is, therefore, an investigation of shear failure in thin samples of snow. This paper gives the experimental procedure and data on measurements of shear stress versus displacement for thin samples of snow under plane strain and approximately simple shear conditions. The data are given under varying conditions of strain-rate, normal stress, density and snow type. The results show that the samples exhibited strain-softening provided they were sheared faster than they gained strength by settlement under the chosen conditions. If snow fails at the base of a slab in the way in which it fails in the laboratory, then a mechanism is provided whereby tensile stresses would be produced in the slab and whereby the corresponding maximum principal stresses would be rotated toward a direction parallel to the slope, thereby promoting avalanche release.
Northern Shrimp (Pandalus borealis) on Flemish Cap in July 2002

A stratified random bottom trawl survey on Flemish Cap was carried out on July 2002. Results on shrimp from the survey are presented and compared to those from previous surveys of the same series. The total biomass index obtained this year, 18 109 tons, is the highest in the series. The female biomass remains at a high level, and it is dominated by age 5 shrimp. Mean lengths at age, abundance and biomass by age are presented.
Deuterium excess in marine water vapor: Dependency on relative humidity and surface wind speed during evaporation

We provide the first continuous measurements of isotopic composition (δD and δ18O) of water vapor over the subtropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean from mid‐August to mid‐September 2012. The ship was located mostly around 26°N, 35°W where evaporation exceeded by far precipitation and water vapor at 20 m largely originated from surface evaporation. The only large deviations from that occurred during a 2 day period in the vicinity of a weak low‐pressure system. The continuous measurements were used to investigate deuterium excess (d‐excess) relation to evaporation. During 25 days d‐excess was negatively correlated with relative humidity (r2 = 0.89). Moreover, d‐excess estimated in an evaporative model with a closure assumption reproduced most of the observed variability. From these observations, the d‐excess parameter seems to be a good indicator of evaporative conditions. We also conclude that in this region, d‐excess into the marine boundary layer is less affected by mixing with the free troposphere than the isotopic composition. From our data, the transition from smooth to rough regime at the ocean surface is associated with a d‐excess decrease of 5‰, which suggests the importance of the ocean surface roughness in controlling d‐excess in this region.
Effect of pressure on grain‐growth kinetics of ferropericlase to lower mantle conditions

Grain‐growth kinetics of (Mg0.85Fe0.15)O ferropericlase was investigated at a temperature of 1873 K up to a pressure of 25 GPa under dry conditions using a Kawai‐type multi‐anvil apparatus. The grain‐growth kinetics of ferropericlase is described by Gn − G0n = k0 exp(−)t where G is the average grain‐size at annealing time t; G0, the initial average grain‐size; P, pressure; R, the gas constant; and T, absolute temperature. Least squares fit of this equation for the present data and our previous data on the same material yielded n = 2.8 ± 0.2, k0 = 10−8.4±1.1 m2.8/s, E* = 273 ± 24 kJ/mol, and V* = 4.5 ± 0.2 cm3/mol. The present results show that at the conditions at the top of the lower mantle (700 km depth), the grain‐size of ferropericlase in a single phase system evolves to ∼1 cm after significant geological time of 1 My. The present results may be applied to regions where single phase ferropericlase aggregates are present, say by deformation‐induced phase segregation. In these areas, the grain‐growth kinetics is fast so that one expects a large grain‐size that will results in strong lattice‐preferred orientation causing significant seismic anisotropy.
Euro‐Atlantic weather regimes and Mediterranean rainfall patterns: present‐day variability and expected changes under CMIP5 projections

Four monthly rainfall patterns (RPs) describing four monthly typical recurrent rainfall spatial features over the Mediterranean area were computed with agglomerative hierarchical clustering: north‐western Mediterranean (NWM), western and south‐western Mediterranean (W&SM), Mediterranean generalized deficit (MGD) and north‐eastern Mediterranean (NEM). The relationship between the monthly frequency of daily weather regimes (WRs) computed for the Euro‐Atlantic region and monthly Mediterranean RPs is analysed over the 1979–2005 period. Overall, the NAO− WR is clearly associated with NWM, the NAO+ with MGD, the Atlantic Ridge (AR) with NAM and the East‐Atlantic with W&SM. Over the 21st century, we find that the winter occurrence of WRs are not significantly modified under future RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 projection. Nevertheless, an eastward shift of the low pressure system during NAO− regimes, an eastward extension of Azores high pressure towards the Mediterranean during NAO+ regimes and an increase in high pressure over the Azores during AR regimes could strengthen the mean relationship between WRs and RPs. These within‐class barometric changes in WRs are mainly observed under the RCP8.5 scenario and in the late 21st century, highlighting their strong dependence on radiative forcing over time.
Review of Outcomes after Salvage Surgery for Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Simple Summary Local recurrences, isolated regional recurrences, and loco-regional recurrences are frequent after treatment for advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Salvage surgery may be possible in selected patients, taking into account the location and stage of the recurrent disease, patient age and comorbidities, tumor HPV status, and functional sequelae in relation to initial therapy. Results vary according to these parameters. Adjuvant treatments after salvage surgery are under investigation. The aim of this review is to present current knowledge concerning the incidence and management of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and current data concerning survival and morbidity after salvage surgery. Abstract Surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy is the mainstay in treatment for advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; however, locoregional recurrences are frequent. Salvage surgery could be proposed in selected patients to improve local control, disease-free, and overall survival. Factors for improved disease-free and overall survival in patients treated with salvage surgery include age, tumor location, the initial T stage, HPV status, resection margins, and the time elapsing from the initial treatment. Clinical trials with adjuvant therapies have shown promise after salvage surgery in terms of tolerance and response, but clinical guidelines for using these adjuvant treatments are currently lacking. The aim of this review is to present current knowledge concerning the incidence and management of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and current data concerning survival and morbidity after salvage surgery.
Determination of the Effects of a Series of Ten Whole-Body Cryostimulation Sessions on Physiological Responses to Exercise and Skin Temperature Behavior following Exercise in Elite Athletes

The present study investigated the effects of a series of 10 whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) sessions (3 min; −110 °C) on physiological and thermal responses to a submaximal exercise test in 17 elite athletes. Participants performed an exercise test twice at similar levels of intensity before and after a series of ten WBC sessions. Before and during the test, each participant’s oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), internal temperature (Ti), and skin temperature in selected areas of the skin were measured, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP), physiological strain index (PSI), and mean skin temperature (Tsk) were calculated. The results show that during exercise, increases in Ti and the PSI were significantly lower after the WBC sessions, and although there were no significant changes in HR or the MAP, the Tsk was significantly higher. Following exercise, an increase in skin temperature asymmetry over the lower-body muscles was detected. A series of WBC sessions induced a tendency toward a decrease in temperature asymmetry over the thigh muscles. In conclusion, a series of ten WBC sessions does not induce significant modifications in physiological variables but does influence the PSI and Ti during exercise. Moreover, a series of ten WBC sessions influences the distribution of skin temperature and the magnitude of temperature asymmetries in the early phase of recovery.
Reporting of 3Rs Approaches in Preclinical Animal Experimental Studies—A Nationwide Study

Simple Summary In society, there is a solid demand to limit the number of animals used in research, improve the animals’ living conditions, and find alternatives to animal experiments. “The 3Rs” is a concept that aims to reduce, refine, and replace animal experiments. It is embedded in legislation worldwide. Even so, finding 3Rs ideas relevant to one’s own research area may be difficult. Recent studies showed that 3Rs approaches from fellow researchers are a popular way to obtain ideas. In this nationwide study, we investigated if 3Rs approaches were reported and described in primary preclinical animal experimental literature. If so, this may be an easy route to access readily available 3Rs ideas and comply with legislation, public demand, and ethical obligations. Our results, however, show that minimal 3Rs information is reported in these studies, which had at least one author affiliated to a Danish university. The level of information varies and is insufficient to learn and implement relevant 3Rs approaches in one’s research. Instead, 3R-specific education and research are needed, and funders should support such research. Abstract The 3Rs aim to refine animal welfare, reduce animal numbers, and replace animal experiments. Investigations disclose that researchers are positive towards 3Rs recommendations from peers. Communication of 3Rs approaches via primary preclinical animal experimental literature may become a fast-forward extension to learn relevant 3Rs approaches if such are reported. This study investigates 3Rs-reporting in peer-reviewed preclinical animal research with at least one author affiliated to a Danish university. Using a systematic search and random sampling, we included 500 studies from 2009 and 2018. Reporting was low and improvement over time limited. A word search for 3R retrieved zero results in 2009 and 3.2% in 2018. Reporting on 3Rs-related sentences increased from 6.4% in 2009 to 18.4% in 2018, “reduction” increased from 2.4% to 8.0%, and “refinement” from 5.2% to 14.4%. Replacement was not reported. Reporting of the methodology was missing. For “reduction”, methodology was mentioned in one study in 2009 and 11 studies in 2018, and for “refinement” in 9 and 21, respectively. Twenty-one studies stated compliance with ARRIVE-guidelines or similar without disclosure of details. Reporting of 3Rs approaches in preclinical publications is currently insufficient to guide researchers. Other strategies, e.g., education, interdisciplinary collaboration, and 3Rs funding initiatives, are needed.
Recognition of the Minoan tephra in the Acigöl Basin, western Turkey: implications for inter‐archive correlations and fine ash dispersal

Here we report the recognition of the Minoan tephra layer in the Acigöl Basin (western Turkey), which represents the most eastward occurrence of this tephra on land and the first in continental deposits out of lacustrine sediments in mainland Turkey. The correlation is supported by glass and mineral geochemistry, which includes solution and laser‐ablation ICP‐MS data for trace and rare earth elements. Thickness and grain size data allow the extension of already described occurrences to an area of about 359 000 km2, from the eastern Mediterranean to Black Sea throughout central–western Turkey. Coupling dispersal area and grain‐size data suggests the joint influence of high and low atmosphere dynamics in dispersal of fine ash during volcanic eruptions. The thickness and lateral continuity of the Minoan tephra in the Acigöl Basin testifies to the widespread impact on the Late Bronze Age environment of mainland Turkey of this important ash deposit. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the Hill‐Siscoe transpolar potential saturation model during a solar wind dynamic pressure pulse

Theory, observations, and simulations have shown that saturation of the cross‐polar‐cap potential occurs for high solar wind electric field. One of the parameters that affect the saturation process is the solar wind dynamic pressure. Theoretical arguments predict that higher pressure levels lead to higher transpolar potentials and a slower saturation process. The question arises of how the transpolar potential will respond to sudden enhancements of solar wind pressure in the saturation regime, and if the theoretical model predictions can replicate the observations. We use ionospheric flow data from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft to calculate the transpolar potential and compare it with theory before and after a sudden increase in solar wind pressure. We find that the model predictions fall below the observed values for both pressure levels but are particularly lower after the dynamic pressure enhancement. The inclusion of a “viscous” potential, or the introduction of variable ionospheric conductivity, cannot remedy the discrepancy. We suggest that modification of the existing models to include magnetotail processes might be needed to bridge the gap between theory and observations.
Assessing the relative influence of surface soil moisture and ENSO SST on precipitation predictability over the contiguous United States

This study assesses the relative influence of soil moisture memory and tropical sea surface temperature (SST) in seasonal rainfall over the contiguous United States. Using observed precipitation, the NINO3.4 index, and soil moisture and evapotranspiration simulated by a land surface model for 61 years, analysis was performed using partial correlations to evaluate to what extent land surface and SST anomaly of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can affect seasonal precipitation over different regions and seasons. Results show that antecedent soil moisture is as important as concurrent ENSO condition in controlling rainfall anomalies over the U.S., but they generally dominate in different seasons with SST providing more predictability during winter while soil moisture, through its linkages to evapotranspiration and snow water, has larger influence in spring and early summer. The proposed methodology is applicable to climate model outputs to evaluate the intensity of land‐atmosphere coupling and its relative importance.
The Prognostic Significance of Selected HLA Alleles on Prostate Cancer Outcome

Recently, we have shown that HLA-A*02:01 and HLA-A*24:02 in de novo metastatic prostate cancer (MPCa) have an important role in disease progression. Since de novo MPCa represents a small group among patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa), it was obvious to try to extend the validity of our results to larger cohorts of PCa patients. Herein, we analyzed patients irrespective of their disease status at diagnosis to include, besides patients with MPCa, those with localized PCa (LPCa). Our goal was to specify the prognostic value of HLA-A*02:01 and HLA-A*24:02 for overall survival (OS) prospectively and for early biochemical recurrence (BCR) and castrate resistance (CR) as additional clinical endpoints in a prospective/retrospective manner, to improve clinical decisions for patients covering all stages of PCa. On univariate analysis, HLA-A alleles were significantly associated as prognostic biomarkers with early BCR (p = 0.028; HR = 1.822), OS (p = 0.013; HR = 1.547) and showed a trend for CR (p = 0.150; HR = 1.239). On multivariate analysis, HLA-A alleles proved to be independent prognosticators for early BCR (p = 0.017; HR = 2.008), CR (p = 0.005; HR = 1.615), and OS (p = 0.002; HR = 2.063). Kaplan–Meier analyses revealed that patients belonging to the HLA-A*02:01+HLA-A*24:02− group progressed much faster to BCR and CR and had also shorter OS compared to HLA-A*24:02+ patients. Patients being HLA-A*02:01−HLA-A*24:02− exhibited varying clinical outcomes, pointing to the presence of additional HLA-A alleles with potential prognostic value. Our data underline the HLA-A alleles as valuable prognostic biomarkers for PCa that may assist with the appropriate treatment and follow-up schedule based on the risk for disease progression to avoid over-diagnosis and over-treatment.
Update on Obesity in Psoriasis Patients

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition, with genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contributing to its onset and recurrence. Severe psoriasis has a great impact on quality of life, which is similar to that of insulin-dependent diabetes, depression, and ischemic heart disease, but with a lower mortality. There is an overlap between the rising incidences of autoimmune diseases and obesity. In recent years, research has shown that there is an association between psoriasis and obesity. Psoriasis is linked to obesity in a two-way manner, as each can precipitate the development of the other. Several adipose tissue-secreted adipokines were shown to be elevated in obese psoriasis patients, exhibiting similar mechanisms of action to those underlying the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Excess body weight can influence not only the treatment response in psoriasis, but also the adverse events, leading to decreased patient compliance. Specific human microbiome patterns have been identified for obesity and psoriasis and could represent a future therapeutic target in selected individuals.
NIGERIA IN THE MINDS OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN PUBLIC TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS: AN EMPIRICAL SURVEY ON THE TRUST DEFICIT IN POLITICAL GOVERNANCE

This study examined the extent of trust deficit in political governance among tertiary institution undergraduate students of Nigeria in political governance. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. Multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted to sample 780 undergraduate students of Colleges of Education, Polytechnics and Universities in Osun State, Nigeria. An 18-item research instrument titled “Empirical Trust Deficit Survey in Political Governance” was used in data collection. The items were polytomously scored using a five-point Likert scale ranging from Strongly Disagree (SD, rated 1), Disagree (D, rated 2), Neither Agree nor Disagree (NAD, scored 3), Agree (A, given point 4); and Strongly Agree (SA, given point 5). The instrument was validated by three experts in Psychology and Educational Tests and measurement; administered on 90 tertiary undergraduate students in Osun State, Nigeria outside the study area; and yielded internal reliability index of 0.78. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics of simple percentage. Results showed that tertiary institution undergraduate students of Nigeria had distrust in political governance as the level of performance of their political office holders is low. Furthermore, undergraduate students of Nigeria neither agreed nor disagreed that economic inequality contributes to their distrust in political governance. Finally, there was a huge gap between campaign promises made by Nigerian politicians and fulfilment leading tertiary institution undergraduate students to develop loss of trust in them. It was recommended among others that there should be adequate monitoring in political governance in Nigeria to ensure that at least over 60% of the campaign promises made during election are fulfilled.
Modification of a Community Garden to Attract Native Bee Pollinators in Urban San Luis Obispo, California

Gardens have become increasingly important places for growing nutritional food, for conserving biodiversity, for biological and ecological research and education, and for community gathering. Gardens can also be designed with the goal of attracting specific wildlife, like birds and butterflies, but pollinators, like bees, can also be drawn to specially planned and modified gardens. A community garden in San Luis Obispo, California provided the setting for modification with the goal of attracting native bee pollinators by planting known bee-attractive plants. The local gardeners participated in a survey questionnaire and focused interviews to provide their input and interest in such a project. Presentations on our work with native bees in urban environments and gardening to attract bees were also given to interested gardeners. Work of this type also benefited from a lead gardener who managed donated bee plants and kept up momentum of the project. Modification of the garden and monitoring of native bees started in 2007 and continued through the growing season of 2009. Diversity of collected and observed native bees has increased each year since 2007. To date, 40 species in 17 genera of mostly native bees has been recorded from the garden, and this number is expected to increase through time.
Projection of rural and urban human thermal comfort in The Netherlands for 2050

Hot summer days may lead to reduced thermal discomfort, labour productivity, and higher morbidity and mortality for vulnerable groups. The projected climate change may raise this thermal discomfort in the future. To implement measures to prevent adverse health conditions, robust estimates of the future human thermal comfort (HTC) are required. This study analyses the future HTC for both coastal and inland Dutch cities and countryside. The future conditions are based on the KNMI‐06 climate scenarios. Using these scenarios, observed weather data from 1976 to 2005 are transformed to future weather design data representative for 2050. Subsequently, HTC expressed in the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) is estimated for these future scenarios. A substantial increase of heat stress abundance is foreseen in all climate scenarios, for both urban and rural areas, particularly, under the most intense warming. In these scenarios, the frequency of hours with heat stress will more than double, and the increase will develop faster in an urban canyon than in rural areas. In urban areas, PET shows a maximum as function of sky‐view factor (SVF), i.e. for a smaller SVF a wind speed reduction increases the PET on one hand and shading reduces the PET on the other hand.
The Effect of Information Quality, System Quality, Ease of Use on User Satisfaction’s Qris (Quick Response Indonesian Standard) in SME’S

This study aims to determine the effect of information quality, system quality, and ease of transaction on QRIS user satisfaction in Batik Blimbing Malang MSMEs. The population of this research is consumers of Batik Blimning Malang City who use the QRIS (Quick Response Indonesian Standard) application. The sampling method used in this study was random sampling method, namely by using a simple random sampling technique. The number of samples in this study was 103. The model and data collection used a questionnaire. The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis. The results of the study found that information quality did not significantly influence QRIS user satisfaction. Then, system quality and ease of transaction have a positive and significant effect on satisfaction. Ease of transaction is the most dominant variable affecting user satisfaction.