Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of preemptive oral doses of acetaminophen and celecoxib for post-operative pain management after open-flap debridement: A randomised controlled study

Background: Open-flap debridement therapy often leads to frequent pain postoperatively. It has been reported that open-flap debridement causes pain in 79% of patients. The preemptive approach focuses on preventing post-operative analgesic flare and blocking the occurrence of hyperalgesic states. This study aimed to compare the preemptive analgesia of oral celecoxib with oral acetaminophen after surgical open-flap debridement. Materials and Methods: A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled research was conducted to study the patients presenting with an open-flap debridement under local anaesthesia. A total of forty patients were randomised to receive open-flap debridement, and either celecoxib or acetaminophen was prescribed. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score was noted every 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 12 and 20 h post-surgery. Consumption of analgesics was also recorded postoperatively. Results: The average age and weight of the patients in the celecoxib group were 35.85 ± 8.32 and 54.75 ± 8.90 kg, respectively. The average age and weight of the patients in the acetaminophen group were 36.8 ± 8.71 and 53.15 ± 9.90 kg, respectively. The mean VAS pain score at 4 h was 2.6 ± 1.14 and 4.9 ± 1.20 for celecoxib and acetaminophen groups, respectively. The mean post-operative analgesic drug consumption in the celecoxib group was 0.60 ± 0.87 and 1.30 ± 0.80 in the acetaminophen group. Conclusion: Celecoxib shows a significant preemptive analgesic effect, thereby reducing the use of post-surgical analgesics after open-flap debridement. Hence, pre-surgical single dose of celecoxib can be used to minimise the post-operative analgesic use.
Long-term outcomes of patients with papillary thyroid cancer who did not undergo prophylactic central neck dissection

Aims: The role of prophylactic central neck dissection (CND) in the management of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is controversial. This study reports outcomes of an observational approach in PTC patients without clinical evidence of lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: Patients with PTC who had surgery (without prophylactic CND) between January 2000 and December 2008 were included in this study. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression was used in multivariable models. Results: Out of 625 patients, 486 (77.8%) were female, 144 (23%) were aged 55 years or more, 73 (11.7%) had macroscopic extrathyroidal extension, and 79 (12.7%) had pT3 or pT4 disease. Samples were collected from 12 (1.9%) patients with lymph node metastasis in the perithyroidal tissue and 2 (0.3%) patients with lymph node metastasis in the lateral neck lymph tissue for frozen section examination. After a median follow-up of 104 months, the 10-year DSS and RFS rates were 99.7% and 90.2%, respectively. The 10-year lymph node recurrence rate in the central compartment was 2.7%. pT3/4 stage was an independent predictive factor for RFS (P < 0.001, hazard ratio 1.966, 95% confidence interval 1.446–2.673). Conclusion: The outcomes of patients with clinically negative lymph nodes in the central compartment were favorable without prophylactic CND.
Change in the examination pattern in 1st year MDS- boon or bane: A Survey

Introduction: Pursuant to the notification published by Dental Council of India, dated May 17, 2018, no. DE-14-MDS-2018/2131, the committee amended the regulation on postgraduated MDS student and made provision of giving MDS – paper I (basic science paper) at the end of 1st year. Assessment of this survey will provide clear information regarding the response of postgraduate students and teachers. The aim of this article is to report and discuss the characteristics of new-learning processes. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 sample sizes were included, i.e., 300 postgraduate students and 100 postgraduate teachers. Questions were generated using Google form to gain access an establish rapport with participants and to obtain open, honest understanding of the participants “learning experience. ” The link was sent to the participants using E-mails or Whatsapp number. Results: Analysis of survey data was done using the Likert scale. Comparison of responses was done using the Chi-square test. [Graph 1], [Graph 2], [Graph 3], [Graph 4], [Graph 5], [Graph 6], [Graph 7], [Graph 8], [Graph 9], [Graph 10] provide responses of participants. Conclusion: Postgraduate students and PG teachers are neutral toward the initial protocol of examination. Participants have positive attitude toward new framework. However, curriculum activity such as library dissertation, dissertation selection, and patient work get disturbed somewhere. It might take time for both students and guide to get familiar with new.
Mirtazapine-associated movement disorders: A literature review

Mirtazapine (MTZ) is an atypical antidepressant approved by the FDA, which mechanism of action involves the antagonism of alpha-2, H1, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT3 receptors. In this context, the aim of this literature review is to evaluate the clinical epidemiological profile, pathological mechanisms, and management of MTZ-associated movement disorders (MDs). Relevant reports of six databases were identified and assessed by two reviewers without language restriction. Fifty-two reports containing 179 cases from 20 countries were assessed. The mean age was 57 year (range, 17–85). The majority of the individuals were female (60%) and of European origin. The mean time from MTZ start to symptom onset was 7.54 days; the time from management to MD improvement was within one week in 82.60% of the individuals. The MDs associated with MTZ were 69 restless legs syndrome (RLS), 35 tremors, 10 akathisia (AKT), 9 periodic limb MD, 6 dystonia, 4 rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorders, 3 dyskinesia, 2 parkinsonism, and 1 tic, and in the group not clearly identified, 18 restlessness, 15 hyperkinesis, and 1 extrapyramidal symptom. In the literature, the majority of the reports lack important information about the neurological examination. The management should be the MTZ withdrawal, except in RLS that other options are possible. In AKT, the MTZ should not be rechallenge, and if available, the prescription of a benzodiazepine may reduce recovery time.
Effectiveness of teleconsultation use in access to mental health services during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the Dominican Republic

Background: The unique aspects of the global situation with respect to the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic places a significant burden on health and mental health services. During this period, there has been an increased demand in mental health-care services, whose prepandemic access was lower than necessary in many developing countries and is currently limited by international social distancing recommendations and protocols. Aim: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of teleconsultation use to increase access to mental health services, provided by volunteer staff during the quarantine of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic. Materials and Methods: A special telephone service was enabled, organized by different governmental and private entities, in addition, it was published a list of telephone numbers of a team of volunteers consisting of 598 psychologists and seventy psychiatrists, who interacted from March 25 to May 17 with people who needed their help using calls, video calls, and electronic messaging services. After providing mental healthcare, each volunteer completed an online form to record relevant consultation data provided with a total of 6800 interventions to date. Results: Nearly 67.3% of the interventions were requested by women. About 77.8% were adults between the ages of 18 and 59. 27.1% of the interventions were requested by people who worked as health personnel. Forty-six percent of the interventions were requested by people living in the province of Santo Domingo and 4.8% by people living outside the country. Of the interventions, 43% reported anxiety, 26%, sleep problems, 15%, depression, and 2% reported behaviors related to suicide. Of all the interventions, 5.3% required referral to a crisis intervention unit for face-to-face follow-up. Conclusions: The enablement of this teleconsultation model and the number of interventions made during this period of the COVID-19 pandemic, suggests that access to mental healthcare in the Dominican Republic has increased. Problems with anxiety, sleep, and depression are common during the COVID-19 pandemic. Only a small group of patients have needed to be referred for face-to-face care, demonstrating that teleconsultation has been an effective tool.
Teaching anatomy and dissection in an era of social distancing and remote learning

Anatomy is one of the fundamental and core basic medical sciences in medical education. It forms the basis for physiology and subsequently pathophysiology to understand the aetiology of diseases, followed by the treatment in medical curricula. The traditional mechanism and gold standard for teaching anatomy in the medical curricula is cadaveric dissection in a small-group teaching environment. This type of teaching also develops compassion and empathy in training medical professionals. The onset of COVID-19 pandemic has limited the ability of faculty and students to function in this educational space as social/physical distancing guidelines, and the halting of cadaveric donation programmes has been implemented as safeguard measures against the transmission of the virus. Anatomists and other teaching staff within the discipline have been limited significantly to the use of technology-enhanced learning (TEL). TEL has been used in teaching environments prior and subsequent to the onset of COVID-19 to supplement cadaveric dissection, especially in medical programmes with limited cadaveric resources. While TEL is not interchangeable with cadaveric dissection, it appears to be a near and potentially medium–long-term solution to remote anatomy teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. A blended hands-on approach with virtual reality three-dimensional experience can also be adopted in anatomy teaching during the neo-normal period.
Domestic violence and substance abuse during COVID19: A systematic review

Introduction: As COVID-19 develops around the world, numerous publications have described the psychiatric consequences of this pandemic. Although clinicians and healthcare systems are mainly focused on managing critically ill patients in an attempt to limit the number of casualties, psychiatric disease burden is increasing significantly. In this scenario, increased domestic violence and substance abuse have been recently reported. Objective: The objective of this study is to perform a systematic review of the literature regarding the consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 infection in terms of domestic violence and substance abuse, and compare incidences found. Materials and Methods: We conducted a literature search using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. The keywords included “domestic violence,” “substance abuse” AND “COVID-19,” including multiple variants from December 2019 through June 2020. An extensive bibliographic search was carried out in different medical databases: Pubmed, EMBASE, LILACS, medRxiv, and bioRxiv. Titles and abstracts were reviewed according to the eligibility criteria. The risk of bias in the retrieved articles was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical assessment instrument. Results: A total of 1505 papers were initially retrieved after consulting the selected databases. After browsing through titles and abstracts, 94 articles were initially included considering the predefined eligibility criteria. After a more detailed analysis, only six scientific articles remained in our selection. Of these, three were evaluating domestic violence against children, while the other three were about substance abuse. Conclusion: There is not enough evidence to support the concept that COVID-19 has led to an increase in the rates of domestic violence and substance abuse. The initial decrease in violence reports might not translate into a real reduction in incidence but in accessibility. Apparently, there has been a slight increase in alcohol and tobacco abuse, especially by regular users, which also requires confirmatory studies. The inconsistency between expert opinon articles and the actual published data could be a result of the limited time since the beginnging of the crisis, the fact that psychitaric patients have been chronically exposed to stressful situatons, and a possible stimulated increase in demand for psychatric consultations.
Comparison of Intralesional Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccine and Needling in the Treatment of Recurrent Warts

Context: Warts constitute 21% of all the cases in a dermatology clinic. Their causative agent is the human papillomavirus (HPV). Most of the cutaneous warts are cosmetically disfiguring and their treatment requires patience by both the practitioner and the patients. Aim: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intralesional measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine and needling in the treatment of recurrent warts. Settings and Design: This was a prospective, comparative, and interventional study. Subjects and Methods: This hospital-based study was conducted in a tertiary health-care center from September 2017 to August 2019. Overall 40 patients of recurrent warts were included in the study. Statistical Analysis: Fisher test, Student t test, and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Improvement was noted in patients belonging to both the groups. However, after applying chi-square test, it was found that results were statistically significant in the needling group only. When both the groups were compared using chi-square test, needling showed statistically significant results after 4 and 6 weeks. Conclusion: Needling was observed to be a better treatment modality as compared to intralesional MMR vaccine at the end of 4 and 6 weeks. More number of sessions were required in the intralesional MMR vaccine group for complete clearance of the lesions as compared to needling. Hence, the response was better and faster in the needling group as compared to the intralesional MMR group.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate and the RGS RhoGEFs regulate vascular smooth muscle phenotype

30 Introduction . 31 Material and Methods . 32 Results . 37 S1P signals through S1PR2 to activate SMC differentiation marker gene expression . 37 Gα12/13 and the RGS-RhoGEFs stimulate SMC-specific transcription . 39 The effects of S1P were mediated by LARG . 42 LARG inhibited SMC migration . 46 Discussion . 48 Chapter 3: The RGS RhoGEF LARG Regulates Dorsal Ruffle Formation in Smooth Muscle . 56 Abstract . 57. 57 Introduction . 58 Materials and Methods . 64 Results . 68
Role of vitamin B12 deficiency in ischemic stroke risk and outcome

Currently, ischemic stroke is the most prevalent form of stroke compared to hemorrhagic and there is a high incidence in older adults. Nutrition is a modifiable risk factor for stroke. B-vitamins are part of a metabolic network that integrates nutritional signals with biosynthesis, redox homeostasis, and epigenetics. These vitamins play an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation, stress resistance, and embryo development. A deficiency in vitamin B12 is common in older adults and has been reported to be implicated in ischemic stroke. The aim of this review was to investigate whether vitamin B12 deficiencies impact the risk and outcome of ischemic stroke. Clinical data from our literature review strongly suggest that a deficiency in vitamin B12 is a risk factor for ischemic stroke and possible outcome. Our survey of the literature has identified that there is a gap in the understanding of the mechanisms through which a vitamin B12 deficiency leads to an increased risk of stroke and outcome. A vitamin B12 deficiency can increase homocysteine levels, which are a well-established risk factor for ischemic stroke. Another potential mechanism through which vitamin B12 deficient may impact neurological function and increase risk of stroke, is changes in myelination, however this link requires further investigation. Further studies are required in model systems to understand how a vitamin B12 deficiency changes the brain.
Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of intranasal azelastine hydrochloride and fluticasone furoate in the treatment of allergic rhinitis

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by nasal itch, sneezing, watery or mucous rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, and nasal or pharyngeal irritation. If untreated, AR can impair patients' quality of life (QOL). Azelastine hydrochloride (AH), histamine receptor antagonists, has anti-inflammatory and mast cell stabilizing properties. Fluticasone furoate (FF) is an anti-inflammatory agent with action on mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes. This study compares the efficacy and safety of these medications in AR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients in the study had been clinically diagnosed with AR. In each group, there were 75 randomized patients who were to receive either FF (27.5 μg/spray) or AH (0.10%) intranasally twice daily. Assessment in terms of symptoms (total nasal symptom score), signs (endoscopic staging), QOL, eosinophil count, and sensory attributes was done at baseline, day 7, and day 15. Adverse effects were recorded, and the cost incurred was analyzed. Paired and umpaired t-test were used to compare symptom scores, QOL scores, and absolute eosinophil count within and between the groups, respectively. RESULTS: The total number of patients was 150 (76 males and 74 females); the mean age for FF group was 26.23 ± 5.2 years, and 26.96 ± 4.8 years for AH group. By day 7, there was a reduction of all scores in both medications, but the reduction in reduction was highly significant with FF (P = 0.001). There was a significant reduction (P = 0.001) in absolute eosinophil count both in blood and nasal smears by day 15 in both the groups; the reduction was significant (P = 0.001) with fluticasone. Adverse reactions were reported by 33.3% of patients receiving FF and 28% patients receiving AH. CONCLUSION: Fluticasone furoate produced sustained relief of symptoms, signs, and sensory attributes with a greater reduction in eosinophil count in comparison with AH in patients with allergic rhinitis.
Human impact overrides bioclimatic drivers of red fox home range size globally

Identifying the variables that influence animal home range size is important for understanding the biological requirements of individuals and their social interactions. Given their often broad distributions, carnivores are model organisms for studying range‐wide determinants of home range size. Here, we test predictions about environmental determinants of home range size for one of the world's most widely distributed carnivores, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes).
Does Anywhere + Anytime = Success? Mobile Learning, Engagement, and Student Success in Higher Education

This study aims to understand the possible impact of mobile learning on engagement and student success in the online environment. The research questions ask what impacts mobile learning has on student engagement, measured with Self-Regulated Learning (SRL); what impact mobile learning has on the SRL constructs of environment structuring, task management, and time management; and what associations mobile learning might have with student success and persistence. One hundred sixty-two undergraduate online students participated in the study through the survey instrument, utilizing the Online Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire (OSLQ). ANOVA results showed that lower levels of mobile learning use engaged in SRL less when compared to the highest level of mobile learning use (HSD = -4.581, p = .001, d =.719). The lowest level of mobile learning used the SRL construct of task management less than the highest level (HSD = -2.624, p=.000, d =.796), as did the moderate level of mobile use (HSD = 1.681, p = .040, d =.494). Additionally, the lowest level of mobile learning used the SRL time management construct less than the highest group of mobile learning use (HSD = -1.293, p = .026, d =.505). Crosstabs analysis indicated no association between levels of mobile learning and measures of student success. These findings have implications for the development of online pedagogy, mobile learning theory, online course design, and student support initiatives.
BugPecker: Locating Faulty Methods with Deep Learning on Revision Graphs

Given a bug report of a project, the task of locating the faults of the bug report is called fault localization. To help programmers in the fault localization process, many approaches have been proposed, and have achieved promising results to locate faulty files. However, it is still challenging to locate faulty methods, because many methods are short and do not have sufficient details to determine whether they are faulty. In this paper, we present BugPecker, a novel approach to locate faulty methods based on its deep learning on revision graphs. Its key idea includes (1) building revision graphs and capturing the details of past fixes as much as possible, and (2) discovering relations inside our revision graphs to expand the details for methods and calculating various features to assist our ranking. We have implemented BugPecker, and evaluated it on three open source projects. The early results show that BugPecker achieves a mean average precision (MAP) of 0.263 and mean reciprocal rank (MRR) of 0.291, which improve the prior approaches significantly. For example, BugPecker improves the MAP values of all three projects by five times, compared with two recent approaches such as DNNLoc-m and BLIA 1.5.
Caudofemoral musculature and the evolution of theropod locomotion

Living crocodilians and limbed lepidosaurs have a large caudofemoralis longus muscle passing from tail to femur. Anatomical and electromyographic data support the conclusion that the caudofemoralis is the principal femoral retractor and thus serves as the primary propulsive muscle of the hind limb. Osteological evidence of both origin and insertion indicates that a substantial caudofemoralis longus was present in archosaurs primitively and was retained in the clades Dinosauria and Theropoda. Derived theropods (e.g., ornithomimids, deinonychosaurs, Archaeopteryx and birds) exhibit features that indicate a reduction in caudofemoral musculature, including fewer caudal vertebrae, diminished caudal transverse processes, distal specialization of the tail, and loss of the fourth trochanter. This trend culminates in ornithurine birds, which have greatly reduced tails and either have a minute caudofemoralis longus or lack the muscle entirely. As derived theropod dinosaurs, birds represent the best living model for reconstructing extinct nonavian theropods. Bipedal, digitigrade locomotion on fully erect limbs is an avian feature inherited from theropod ancestors. However, the primitive saurian mechanisms of balancing the body (with a large tail) and retracting the limb (with the caudofemoralis longus) were abandoned in the course of avian evolution. This strongly suggests that details of the orientation (subhorizontal femur) and movement (primarily knee flexion) of the hind limb in extant birds are more properly viewed as derived, uniquely avian conditions, rather than as retentions of an ancestral dinosaurian pattern. Although many characters often associated with extant birds appeared much earlier in theropod evolution, reconstructing the locomotion of all theropods as completely birdlike ignores a wealth of differences that characterize birds.