Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A preliminary study on fish fauna of the Passur River in Bangladesh

The ichthyofauna, their occurrence and conservation status in the Passur River of Khulna district have been studied for a period, from November 2011 to April 2012. A total of 95 finfish species contributing to 14 orders, 45 families and 77 genera were identified. The most dominant fish order was Perciformes with 38 species in 35 genera. Maximum number of species were recorded under the family Gobiidae (14 species) followed by the family Cyprinidae (8 species). Out of 95 species, 14 belonged to the threatened and 3 to the near threatened. The occurrence of majority of the fishes (50%) was recorded as available followed by less available (26%), rare (16%) and very rare (8%). Considering all the findings it is concluded that the Passur River can be considered as a refuge for conservation of threatened freshwater fishes of Bangladesh. Finally, the establishment of fish sanctuaries for both threatened and non-threatened species as well as counter survey is recommended to cross check the fish diversity for their proper management and conservation.
m6A mRNA Modifications in Glioblastoma: Emerging Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets

Simple Summary N6-methyladenosine is a prominent epigenetic modification identified on mRNA, playing a pivotal role in shaping RNA function and emerging at the forefront of cancer research. Recent studies highlight the abnormal activation of m6A modification in glioma, demonstrating its crucial involvement in diverse aspects of glioma tumorigenesis. This review provides an overview of significant advancements in this field, particularly focusing on the downstream functional effects of m6A modification, the mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of m6A-related genes, and the therapeutic potential and roles of m6A modulators in treatment resistance of glioma. Abstract Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, is highly invasive and neurologically destructive. The mean survival for glioblastoma patients is approximately 15 months and there is no effective therapy to significantly increase survival times to date. The development of effective therapy including mechanism-based therapies is urgently needed. At a molecular biology level, N6-methyladenine (m6A) mRNA modification is the most abundant posttranscriptional RNA modification in mammals. Recent studies have shown that m6A mRNA modifications affect cell survival, cell proliferation, invasion, and immune evasion of glioblastoma. In addition, m6A mRNA modifications are critical for glioblastoma stem cells, which could initiate the tumor and lead to therapy resistance. These findings implicate the function of m6A mRNA modification in tumorigenesis and progression, implicating its value in prognosis and therapies of human glioblastoma. This review focuses on the potential clinical significance of m6A mRNA modifications in prognostic and therapeutics of glioblastoma. With the identification of small-molecule compounds that activate or inhibit components of m6A mRNA modifications, a promising novel approach for glioblastoma therapy is emerging.
Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Linezolid and Probability of Target Attainment in Patients with COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome on Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation—A Step toward Correct Dosing

During veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv ECMO) therapy, antimicrobial drugs are frequently used, and appropriate dosing is challenging due to there being limited data to support the dosage. Linezolid is effective against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens frequently isolated in ECMO patients. In total, 53 steady-state linezolid levels were obtained following 600 mg intravenous (IV) injections every 8 h, and these were used to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model in patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) on vv ECMO. The data were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed-effects modelling approach. Monte Carlo simulation generated 5000 patients’ individual PK parameters and corresponding concentration–time profiles using the PopPK model, following the administration of 600 mg/8 h (a higher-than-standard dosing) and 600 mg/12 h (standard). The probabilities of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment (PTA) and the cumulative fraction of responses (CFR) for three pathogens were calculated and compared between the two dosing scenarios. Linezolid 600 mg/8 h was predicted to achieve greater than or equal to 85%Tf>MIC in at least 90% of the patients with CARDS on vv ECMO compared to only approximately two thirds of the patients after dosing every 12 h at a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 mg/L. In addition, for the same MIC, fAUC24/MIC ≥ 80 was achieved in almost three times the number of patients following an 8-h versus a 12-h interval. PopPK simulation predicted that a significantly higher proportion of the patients with CARDS on vv ECMO would achieve the PK/PD targets following the 8-h dosing interval compared to standard linezolid dosing. Nevertheless, the safety concern, in particular, for thrombocytopenia, with higher-than-standard linezolid dosage is reasonable, and consequently, monitoring is essential.
A Deep Sequencing Strategy for Investigation of Virus Variants within African Swine Fever Virus-Infected Pigs

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever, an economically important disease of pigs, often with a high case fatality rate. ASFV has demonstrated low genetic diversity among isolates collected within Eurasia. To explore the influence of viral variants on clinical outcomes and infection dynamics in pigs experimentally infected with ASFV, we have designed a deep sequencing strategy. The variant analysis revealed unique SNPs at <10% frequency in several infected pigs as well as some SNPs that were found in more than one pig. In addition, a deletion of 10,487 bp (resulting in the complete loss of 21 genes) was present at a nearly 100% frequency in the ASFV DNA from one pig at position 6362-16849. This deletion was also found to be present at low levels in the virus inoculum and in two other infected pigs. The current methodology can be used for the currently circulating Eurasian ASFVs and also adapted to other ASFV strains and genotypes. Comprehensive deep sequencing is critical for following ASFV molecular evolution, especially for the identification of modifications that affect virus virulence.
Making the case for resistance training in improving vascular function and skeletal muscle capillarization

Through decades of empirical data, it has become evident that resistance training (RT) can improve strength/power and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Yet, until recently, vascular outcomes have historically been underemphasized in RT studies, which is underscored by several exercise-related reviews supporting the benefits of endurance training on vascular measures. Several lines of evidence suggest large artery diameter and blood flow velocity increase after a single bout of resistance exercise, and these events are mediated by vasoactive substances released from endothelial cells and myofibers (e.g., nitric oxide). Weeks to months of RT can also improve basal limb blood flow and arterial diameter while lowering blood pressure. Although several older investigations suggested RT reduces skeletal muscle capillary density, this is likely due to most of these studies being cross-sectional in nature. Critically, newer evidence from longitudinal studies contradicts these findings, and a growing body of mechanistic rodent and human data suggest skeletal muscle capillarity is related to mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy. In this review, we will discuss methods used by our laboratories and others to assess large artery size/function and skeletal muscle capillary characteristics. Next, we will discuss data by our groups and others examining large artery and capillary responses to a single bout of resistance exercise and chronic RT paradigms. Finally, we will discuss RT-induced mechanisms associated with acute and chronic vascular outcomes.
The role of atmospheric circulation patterns in agroclimate variability in finland, 1961–2011

Abstract This study evaluates interannual variations and trends in growing season daily temperature sum and daily precipitation sum in Finland during 1961–2011, and their connections to well known atmospheric circulation patterns. Changes in summer (June–August) climate partially explain changes in growing season daily temperature sum and daily precipitation sum over Finland, which naturally decreased from south to north. On a national scale, growing season warmed and became wetter during 1961–2011, as growing season daily temperature sum and daily precipitation sum significantly (p < 0.05) increased by 5.01 ± 3.17°C year–1 and 1.39 ± 0.91 mm year–1, respectively. The East Atlantic pattern was the most influential atmospheric circulation pattern for variations in growing season daily temperature sum (rho = 0.40) across Finland and the East Atlantic/West Russia pattern was most influential for growing season daily precipitation sum variability (rho = –0.54). There were significant (p < 0.05) increasing trends in growing season daily temperature sum and daily precipitation sum throughout Finland during 1961–2011. Increased growing season daily temperature sum was mainly observed in northern, central, western, eastern and coastal areas of south‐western Finland. This warming was positively associated with the East Atlantic pattern in the north, centre and south, but negatively associated with the East Atlantic/West Russia pattern in eastern Finland. Increased GSP mostly occurred in southern, eastern, western, central, northern and north‐western Finland. These wetting trends were positively correlated with the East Atlantic pattern in the north and negatively correlated with the Polar pattern in the south and the East Atlantic/West Russia pattern in the east, west, centre and north‐east of Finland. The overall agroclimatic year‐to‐year variability in Finland between 1961 and 2011 was mostly linked to variations in the East Atlantic and East Atlantic/West Russia patterns.
SARS-CoV-2: A Glance at the Innate Immune Response Elicited by Infection and Vaccination

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to almost seven million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 causes infection through respiratory transmission and can occur either without any symptoms or with clinical manifestations which can be mild, severe or, in some cases, even fatal. Innate immunity provides the initial defense against the virus by sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and triggering signaling pathways that activate the antiviral and inflammatory responses, which limit viral replication and help the identification and removal of infected cells. However, temporally dysregulated and excessive activation of the innate immune response is deleterious for the host and associates with severe COVID-19. In addition to its defensive role, innate immunity is pivotal in priming the adaptive immune response and polarizing its effector function. This capacity is relevant in the context of both SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and COVID-19 vaccination. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
Thrombelastography and Conventional Coagulation Markers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Prospective Paired-Measurements Study Comparing Exacerbation and Stable Phases

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbation is known for its substantial impact on morbidity and mortality among affected patients, creating a significant healthcare burden worldwide. Coagulation abnormalities have emerged as potential contributors to exacerbation pathogenesis, raising concerns about increased thrombotic events during exacerbation. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in thrombelastography (TEG) parameters and coagulation markers in COPD patients during admission with exacerbation and at a follow-up after discharge. This was a multi-center cohort study. COPD patients were enrolled within 72 h of hospitalization. The baseline assessments were Kaolin-TEG and blood samples. Statistical analysis involved using descriptive statistics; the main analysis was a paired t-test comparing coagulation parameters between exacerbation and follow-up. One hundred patients participated, 66% of whom were female, with a median age of 78.5 years and comorbidities including atrial fibrillation (18%) and essential arterial hypertension (45%), and sixty-five individuals completed a follow-up after discharge. No significant variations were observed in Kaolin-TEG or conventional coagulation markers between exacerbation and follow-up. The Activated Partial Thromboplastin Clotting Time (APTT) results were near-significant, with p = 0.08. In conclusion, TEG parameters displayed no significant alterations between exacerbation and follow-up.
Distributed energy and surface mass balance modeling of Austfonna, Svalbard.

The climatic influence on a large cold/polythermal Arctic ice cap with substantial surface melt was investigated by calculating the surface energy balance (SEB) and subsurface properties. This method was applied on Austfonna (∼8100km,NE Svalbard) during melt season 2004. Surface mass balance was calculated from April 23 to September 26 on the grid of a 1000m resolution digital elevation model (DEM). Hourly in-situ meteorological measurements by an automatic weather station (AWS) located on the glacier were used to force the model. Precipitation during the model run was taken from ERA40-reanalysis data, while initial conditions such as, snow cover, firn extent, snow and ice temperatures and densities were based on in-situ and satellite observations. Mass balance during the 2003-04 period was then obtained by including the snow cover used as model input as an estimate for the 2003-04 winter mass balance. During the melt season of 2004, short wave radiation contributed 86 % of the total energy available for melting ice at the glacier surface, whereas the remaining 14 % was supplied by sensible heat. Long wave radiation and the ground flux were two major energy sinks, while some energy was lost through sublimation and the latent energy flux. Spatial variations in the available energy for melt were controlled by snow depth variations and the firn extent, through albedo and melt water retention. The overall modeled specific SMB 2003/04 was -41 [cm w.eq] which equals -3.3 [km w.eq.]. All of Austfonna’s drainage basins had a negative mass balance this year, with an overall accumulation area ratio (AAR) of 15 %. The estimated equilibrium line altitude (ELA) ranged from 570m in ESE to 680m in NW. The model performance was fairly good compared to SMB derived from 16 stakes, with a r=0.84 correlation. Uncertainties in the model performance are dominated by two components: Firstly, quality of model input data such as initial snow, firn, snow and ice temperatures and densities and the simple extrapolations of meteorological parameters measured at the AWS. Secondly, uncertainties connected with model parameterizations for albedo and runoff, and scaling parameters used for calculations of the turbulent fluxes.
Effect of Microclimate on the Mass Emergence of Hypothenemus hampei in Coffee Grown under Shade of Trees and in Full Sun Exposure

Simple Summary Rain acts as a triggering factor for the mass emergence of females of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (CBB), which shelter in old and unharvested berries, mainly in regions with a dry season. As they emerge from the old berries, thousands of CBB females fly out to search for and infest the coffee berries of the new crop. Very little information is available, however, about the effect microclimate on CBB or, in particular, about the interaction between the shade trees, the microclimate, and the mass emergence of CBB females. We conducted a field experiment in two Robusta coffee plots, one grown under shade trees and the other in full sun exposure. During the coffee intercropping period, when mass emergence of the CBB occurs, we set up a meteorological station to record microclimate data and installed traps to capture the females that fly out during the day, collecting caught individuals every hour. We found that female emergence increased after midday. Although more flying females were captured in the coffee plot grown under shade trees, the relationship between microclimatic variables and CBB mass emergence was similar for both shade conditions. This behavior has important implications for monitoring and pest management, because female CBB populations are more concentrated and exposed to natural and artificial mortality factors. Abstract The rainfall regime has a significant impact on the microclimate and mass emergence of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (CBB). Little is known, however, about the shade tree–microclimate–CBB mass emergence interaction. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of microclimate on the mass emergence of CBB in a full sun-exposed plot with a plot shaded by trees. The experiment was conducted on a Robusta coffee farm in southern Chiapas, Mexico. In each plot, 18 traps baited with an alcohol mixture were installed to capture flying females, collecting caught individuals every hour from 8:00 to 18:00 h. A meteorological station recorded several microclimatic variables on 13 weekly sampling dates from February to May 2022. Significantly more CBB females were captured in the shaded plot. The largest number of CBB captures was recorded between 14:00 and 16:00 h for the shade plot and between 15:00 and 17:00 h for the sun-exposed plot. The mass emergence of CBB showed a positive association with precipitation, dew point, and wind speed samples and a negative association with maximum air temperature, average relative humidity, ultraviolet radiation, wind speed, and equilibrium moisture content. Our observations show that the relationship between shade trees, microclimate, and mass emergence of CBB is complex and that its study helps us to gain deeper insight into CBB bioecology and advance control techniques against this important pest.
Does the wind systematically energize or damp ocean eddies?

Globally, mesoscale ocean eddies are a key component of the climate system, involved in transport and mixing of heat, carbon, and momentum. However, they represent one of the major challenges of climate modeling, as the details of their nonlinear dynamics affect all scales. Recent progress analyzing satellite observations of the surface ocean and atmosphere has uncovered energetic interactions between the atmospheric wind stress and ocean eddies that may change our understanding of key processes affecting even large‐scale climate. Wind stress acts systematically on ocean eddies and may explain observed asymmetry in the distribution of eddies and details of their lifecycle of growth and decay. These findings provide powerful guidance for climate model development.
Perspectives and Concerns on Late Effects Regarding Sexuality among Adolescents and Young Adults Treated for Testicular Germ Cell Tumor: The PRICELESS-Study—A Qualitative Study

Simple Summary Sexuality remains an unspoken topic in the consulting room regarding testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) patients in the adolescent and young adult (AYA) age. Little is known about the perspectives and concerns of these patients regarding sexuality. The PRICELESS-study explored these perspectives and concerns through individual interviews with 13 AYA patients treated for TGCT. Interviews revealed seven interacting and interconnected themes: desire to have children, rediscovering sexuality, insecurity about sexual performance, acceptance of physical change, loss of masculinity, burden on relationship, and openness in discussing sexuality. TGCT patients face multiple changes (physical, emotional, relational, and sexual), followed by a difficult period of acceptance, after which a new phase of rediscovering sexuality appears. Insights from this study can help healthcare professionals understand the underlying mechanisms and help to define topics for instrument development to support discussing sexuality. Abstract This study aimed to explore perspectives and concerns regarding sexuality among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) possibly experiencing late effects after testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) treatment. A qualitative study was performed in which semi-structured interviews were held with thirteen AYAs from a center of expertise for TGCT in the Netherlands. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis method. Seven interacting and interconnected themes were found: desire to have children, rediscovering sexuality, insecurity about sexual performance, acceptance of physical change, loss of masculinity, burden on relationship, and openness in discussing sexuality. Concerns about the desire to have children seem to play a significant role. In conclusion, TGCT patients face multiple changes (physical, emotional, relational, and sexual), followed by a difficult period of acceptance, after which a new phase of rediscovering sexuality appeared. These findings can help to make healthcare professionals aware of the underlying mechanisms and concerns about sexuality. Furthermore, insights can help to develop sexuality-themed items for a broader monitoring tool to structurally assess the late effects to support discussing sexuality.
Digital Financial Inclusion in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Jordan

This study explores the role of digital financial inclusion in mitigating poverty and bolstering economic growth, with a special focus on developing nations during the COVID-19 era. Centering on Jordan, it seeks to identify key influencers of financial access by analyzing data from 260 participants using a non-linear probit regression model. The research uncovers a significant disparity in financial inclusion between Jordanian adult males and females, attributable to differences in education, wealth, employment, and income levels. These findings point to the necessity of prioritizing financial accessibility for marginalized groups such as women, the elderly, and those with lower income to effectively combat poverty and facilitate economic advancement and sustainable development in emerging markets.
Problematic Use of Internet Associates with Poor Quality of Life via Psychological Distress in Individuals with ADHD

Background Problematic use of internet (PUI) may have negative impacts on psychological distress and quality of life (QoL). This situation might be more profound in people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) due to poorer behavioral control and regulatory capacity. However, there is little evidence regarding mediated effects in the associations between PUI, psychological distress, and QoL in people with ADHD. Aims To investigate mediating effects of psychological distress in the associations of problematic smartphone use (PSPU), problematic use of social media (PUSM), and problematic gaming (PG) with QoL in individuals with ADHD. Methods and Procedures PUI behaviors of participants with ADHD (n = 99) were assessed using the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and Internet Gaming Disorder-Short Form. Psychological distress was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale and QoL using the Kid-KINDL. Outcomes and Results Psychological distress mediated the associations between PUI and different domains of QoL, except for self-esteem QoL. There were also positively direct effects between PG and physical QoL, PUSM and friends’ QoL, and PSPU and physical QoL. Conclusions and Implications PUI may associate with poor QoL in people with ADHD via psychological distress. Programs on reducing PUI for people with ADHD are needed.