Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biogeography and evolution of the screw-pine genus Benstonea Callm. & Buerki (Pandanaceae)

Abstract Buerki, S. , T. Gallaher, T. Booth, G. Brewer, F. Forest, J.T. Pereira & M.W. Callmander (2016). Biogeography and evolution of the screw-pine genus Benstonea Callm & Buerki (Pandanaceae). Candollea 71: 217–229. In English, English abstract. This study investigates the biogeography, evolution and systematics of Benstonea Callm. & Buerki (Pandanaceae) based on six plastid DNA regions and 54 specimens representing 36 species (60% of species generic diversity). Our maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic inferences support the monophyly of Benstonea and its close relationship with the speciose Pandanus Parkinson. Benstonea is subdivided into three clades exhibiting contrasting species diversities. Clades I and II have seven species each, whereas most of the species diversity occurs in clade III with 21 species. None of the sections defined by Stone in Pandanus subgenus Acrostigma (Kurz) B.C. Stone (now Benstonea) are retrieved monophyletic by our analyses. Biogeographical inference supports the origin of Benstonea on the Sunda shelf during the Miocene and shows several subsequent exchanges between Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Species in Indochina and the Indian continent originated in Peninsular Malaysia and all belong to clade I. Wallacea was colonized at least twice from Borneo sometimes during the Miocene and no back-dispersals were inferred. The Sunda shelf was colonized once, most likely from Halmahera. Finally, our analyses suggest that the Fijian endemic Benstonea thurstonii (C.H. Wright) Callm. & Buerki dispersed from either Australia or New Guinea during the Pleistocene. Received: on May 30, 2016. Accepted: on July 7, 2016. First published online: on August 2, 2016.
Spore germination and gametophytic development of Cyathea atrovirens (Langsd. & Fisch.) Domin (Cyatheaceae) at different temperatures and photoperiods

Cyathea atrovirens (Langsd. & Fisch.) Domin (Cyatheaceae) is a widely distributed arborescent fern, grown in the Northeast, Midwest, Southeast and South of Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay. The species is found in different environments such as forests, open areas and even in locations impacted by human action. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of temperature and the photoperiod on spore germination and on the gametophyte development of C. atrovirens. Spores were seeded in flasks containing liquid Meyer medium and maintained at temperatures of 15, 20, 23, 26, 29 and 32±1 C (Experiment 1) and at photoperiod cycles of light and dark of 8, 12, 16, 24 h (Experiment 2). The highest germination percentages (84 to 99%) were observed at temperatures of 20 to 32 °C, while at 15 °C, 43% of the spores germinated. At 32 °C, most gametophytes still remained at the early stage, with chlorocyte and rhizoid (72%), whereas at temperatures from 20 to 29 °C, 61 to 73% of the gametophytes were already in laminar stage at 28 days. There was no germination in the dark. The percentages of germination and laminar gametophytes were equally high in all photoperiods with the presence of light, ranging from 91 to 97% and from 74 to 87%, respectively. The data obtained may contribute to the understanding of the geographical distribution and the occurrence of Cyathea atrovirens in diverse habitats.
INSECTICIDAL EFFECT OF SOME INERT DUSTS AGAINST THREE OF STORED GRAIN INSECTS AT MONOFEYA GOVERNORATE

Laboratory and field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of three inert dusts, diatomaceous earth, kaolin and katelsous as wheat grain protectants against some stored grain Sitophilus oryzae , Rhizopertha domininca and Tribolium confusum . Inert dusts were mixed with wheat grain in the laboratory at different concentrations.The LC 50 , s of diatomaceous earth, kaolin and katelsous were 0.234, 0.071 and 0.235% w/w, 6.033, 6.306 and 8.938% w/w and 0.495, 0.496 and 103.875% w/w against S. oryzae , R. dominica and T. confusum , respectively one day after treatment. Diatomaceous earth was more effective than the other tested materials as it achieved complete mortality for the three tested insects after two days of treatment at the rate of 0.5% w/w. Results also showed that kaolin and katelsous act slowly on the tested insects, where the higher rates of 8% w/w for kaolin and 0.4% w/w for katelsous gave complete mortality one week post treatment. For the field study (at farmers , storages), the higher concentrations (0.5, 8 and 0.4% w/w) of the three dusts, diatomaceous earth, kaolin and katelsous, respectively were admixed with wheat grain and stored for 6 months at the farms. The results showed that diatomaceous earth gave 100%, 84.4% and 93.3% mortality against the three tested insects, respectively after 6 months of storage at a concentration of 0.5% w/w at 7 th day of exposure. Kaolin at 8% w/w showed that adult mortality decreased from 100% at zero time of storage after 5 days of exposure to 10.0%, 5.0% and 15.0% at 6 months of storage after the same period of exposure against the three tested insects, respectively. At zero time of storage, katelsous at a rate of 0.4% w/w showed the percent mortalities of 100%, 100% and 95.7% against the three tested insects, respectively at 5 days of exposure. The residual effect after 6 months of storage decreased to 13.0%, 35.0% and 22.0% mortality against the three insects, respectively at 7 days of exposure. In general, the results obtained showed that the diatomaceous earth was the most effective followed by katelsous and kaolin against the three tested insects. Also, the degree of effectiveness decreased with the increasing of storage periods.
Effects of Clomazone on IPP Isomerase and Prenyl Transferase Activities in Cell Suspension Cultures and Cotyledons of Solanaceous Species

Laboratory assays were conducted to determine the sensitivity of tomato and tobacco cell suspension cultures and tomato and pepper cotyledons to clomazone. A comparison of fresh weight and carotenoid content indicated up to a three-fold difference between the clomazone-tolerant tobacco and clomazone-susceptible tomato cell suspension cultures. In contrast, an approximate 60-fold difference between the tolerant pepper and susceptible tomato cotyledons was observed when total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured. The effect of clomazone and its possible metabolites on in vivo and in vitro extractable IPP isomerase (EC 5.3.3.2) and prenyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.29) activity was investigated. There was no clear inhibitory effect of clomazone or possible clomazone metabolites upon enzyme activity in tomato or tobacco cell suspension cultures or on light or dark grown tomato or pepper cotyledons. No specific enzymatic target site of clomazone was identified in correlation with the reduction in total chlorophyll or carotenoid content.
Specific and non-specific responses of Hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab) to drought stress

Drought and salinity stress are the major causes of historic and modern agricultural productivity losses throughout the world. The availability of irrigation water is a challenge for many countries that have scarce water resources, yet are highly dependent on agriculture as a means of revenue. Effect of drought on Hyacinth bean, Dolichos lablab (HA-​4 cultivar) was evaluated in 10-​d-​old seedlings for 8 d after withholding water. The stress reduced dry and fresh wt. , leaf no., surface area, root and shoot length, total chlorophyll and relative water content. Oxidative stress markers, H2O2, glutathione, malondialdehyde, proline, ascorbic acid, total phenols, and total sol. sugars were significantly elevated. Drought enhanced antioxidant enzymes, peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and reduced catalase in a time dependent manner in the leaves. POX and CAT in roots showed inverse relationship with the duration of stress, whereas GR exhibited increased activity. The metabolic activity of enzymes, β-​amylase and acid phosphatase, increased temporally in leaves and roots. Intensity of isoenzymes correlated with in vitro levels under stress. The plant showed ability to rehydrate and grow upon re-​watering, and levels of antioxidant components correlated with drought tolerance of the plant.
Signal achievements in gibberellin research: the second half‐century

Chapter 1 briefly recounts the discovery of gibberellins (GAs) as natural products of the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi in the early part of the twentieth century, and provides a historical overview of GA research from the late 1950s to the present day. It describes howbiosynthetic pathways toGAs inGibberella and higher plants were defined, and how stem length mutants of cereals and legumes were instrumental in establishing which GAs are biologically active and have hormonal function. The chapter presents an overview of the cereal aleurone system in which GA signalling was first studied, and describes how more recent use of Arabidopsis and rice led to the characterisation of a GA receptor (GID1) and downstream regulatory proteins (DELLAs). A number of DELLA-interacting proteins are described, illustrating how it is that GA-induced degradation of DELLAs facilitates downstream responses including cell elongation. Other ‘classical’ GA responses include germination and flowering in some species.
Comparison of reproduction and carcass traits in light type of ducks of four conservative flocks over eight generations

Ducks of four conservative flocks: Khaki Campbell (Kh1), Orpington (01), crossbreds of those two breeds (Kh0) and Miniducks (K2) being kept without selection over 8 generations were used for analysis. The mean values of reproductive and carcass traits were determined and illustrated by linear regression equations. In the first year of study a significant differentiation was noted among flocks in: number of eggs, from 101 (K2) to 156 (Kh1); egg weight, from 70 (K2) to 75 g (Kh0) and hatchability from fertilized eggs, from 62 (Kh0) to 72% (K2). Upward time trends in egg weight and hatchability from fertilized eggs were noted in all flocks of birds, whereas in egg number in Kh1, 01 and K2 flock; and in egg fertilization in Kh1 and Kh0 flocks. In the second year a lower egg number and egg weight were found, as well as lower egg fertilization and hatchability. Differentiation in meatiness mean values between flocks was found over 8 generations of both sexes at 7 weeks of age in body weight and in breast and leg muscles yield in the carcass. Upward time trends in leg muscle yield and skin with subcutaneous fat content in the carcass were noted in all flocks of ducks of both sexes while in body weight at 7 weeks of age in the females of Kh1 and K2 flocks. Contrary, downward time trends in the body weight at 3. week of age and in breast muscle yield at 7. week of age were found in birds of both sexes and all conservative flocks.
The Impact of Early Cropping on Subsequent Growth and Yield of Highbush Blueberry in the Establishment Years at Two Planting Densities is Cultivar Dependant

The effect of early cropping (no removal of fruit buds the fi rst two years) and in-row spacing (0.45 or 1.2 m) on growth and yield of 'Duke', 'Bluecrop', and 'Elliott' northern highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) was studied. Plants were grown on raised beds for four years. No yield was produced on the control plants in the plant- ing year (year 1) and year 2. Plant growth at the start of year 3 was adversely impacted by early cropping in years 1 and 2. Early cropping reduced the dry weight of the root system, crown, and 1- to 3-year-old wood in all cultivars. 'Bluecrop' plants had less total dry weight than those of 'Duke' or 'Elliott'. Roots accounted for 30% to 45% of the total plant dry weight depending on cultivar. Early-cropped plants had a lower percentage of fruit buds than control plants. Early cropping reduced yield 44%, 24%, and 19% in year 3, compared to control plants, in 'Elliott', 'Duke', and 'Bluecrop', respectively. Cumula- tive yield (years 1 through 4) was similar between control and early cropped plants in 'Bluecrop' and 'Duke', whereas early cropping reduced cumulative yield in 'Elliott' 20% to 40%, depending on in-row spacing. Plants spaced at 0.45 m produced 62% to 140% more yield per hectare than those spaced at 1.2 m, depending on cultivar. 'Elliott' plants seemed less suited to high density planting due to their large root system.
Skeletal muscle carnitine metabolism during intense exercise in human volunteers

Increasing skeletal muscle carnitine content enhances PDC flux during 30 minutes of continuous exercise at 80% Wmax, reducing reliance on non-mitochondrial ATP production and improving work output. These studies in healthy volunteers evaluated a carnitine feeding strategy that did not rely on the high carbohydrate load previously used, then investigated whether manipulating muscle carnitine could alter the adaptations to a period of submaximal high-intensity intermittent training (HIT). The rate of orally ingested 2H3-carnitine uptake into skeletal muscle was directly quantified for the first time in vivo and increased 5-fold following ingestion of an 80g carbohydrate formulation. This positive forearm carnitine balance was entirely blunted when the carbohydrate load was supplemented with 40g of whey protein, suggesting a novel antagonisation of insulin-stimulated muscle carnitine transport by amino acids. Skeletal muscle biopsy sampling demonstrated minimal acetylcarnitine accumulation and non-mitochondrial ATP production during single-leg knee extension at 85% Wmax, suggesting that PDC flux does not limit oxidative ATP production under these conditions. Conversely, PDC flux declined over repeated bouts of cycling at 100% Wmax, as evidenced by greater non-mitochondrial ATP production in the face of similar acetylcarnitine accumulation. This suggested that muscle carnitine availability could influence oxidative ATP delivery during submaximal HIT. Manipulation of muscle carnitine content by daily carnitine/carbohydrate feeding elevated free carnitine availability and maintained PDC flux during repeated bouts of intense exercise. However, profound improvements in oxidative ATP delivery in response to HIT eclipsed any effect of this carnitine-mediated increase in PDC flux on non-mitochondrial ATP production and indeed, carnitine supplementation did not potentiate any increases in exercise capacity above submaximal HIT alone. These novel data advance our understanding of muscle carnitine transport and the interplay between carnitine metabolism, PDC flux and non-mitochondrial ATP production during intense exercise, having important implications for the development of nutritional and exercise prescription strategies to enhance human performance and health.
Trophic and reproductive ecology of a species of Hemibrycon (Pisces: Characidae) in Tinajas creek, Quindío River drainage, upper Cauca basin, Colombia

We studied trophic and reproductive ecology of a new endemic species of characid fish Hemibrycon sp. , from Tinajas Creek, Quindio River drainage, upper Cauca basin, Colombia. The diet consisted primarily of Diptera (Tipulidae and Chironomidae), Hymenoptera (Formicidae) and Coleoptera (Dytiscidae), but it also eats algae (Clorophyta) and seeds. Alochtonous food items are important factor for this species. The species reproduces in both the wet and dry seasons. During September-October they store lipids in their celomic cavity. Fecundity is low 405 oocytes) and the sex ratio is 1:2.28, with a predominance of males. Hemibrycon sp. is syntopic with: (Cetopsorhandia boquillae, Astyanax aurocaudatus, Trichomycterus caliense, and Poecilia caucae. Physical and chemical of data of their habitat are included.
Étude de 11 enzymes et données de génétique formelle pour 19 loci enzymatiques chez Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

Ces 11 enzymes correspondent au moins a 19 loci dont 3 seulement sont variables. La phosphoglucomutase, la 6 phosphogluconate deshydrogenase, et l'α glycerophosphate deshydrogenase. Les etudes de croisement revelent qu'il s'agit de 3 loci dialleliques et les images d'heterozygotie plaident pour des proteines dimeriques dans le cas de la 6PGDH et de αGDH monomerique dans le cas de la PGM
Immunohistochemical expression of TWIST and H-TERT in benign and malignant prostatic lesions

Introduction Carcinoma of the prostate is the most common visceral cancer in men, ranking as the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men older than 50 years of age, after carcinoma of the lung. The diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma, especially on needle biopsy, can occasionally be challenging. Immunohistochemistry has emerged as an important tool that can aid in confirming the diagnosis of minimal carcinoma and/or distinguishing between prostatic adenocarcinoma and its mimickers. Aim of the work In this study, we attempted to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic roles of TWIST and H-TERT expression in prostatic carcinoma and its mimickers. Materials and methods Paraffin blocks of 48 prostatic carcinoma specimens, with and without other lesions, were collected and studied histologically using hematoxylin and eosin stains and immunohistochemically using antibodies against TWIST and H-TERT. Results Both TWIST and H-TERT showed a statistically significant difference in their expression between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic carcinoma on the one hand and BPH and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) on the other. Moreover, H-TERT showed a statistically significant difference in its expression between PIN and prostatic carcinoma. A significant correlation with increasing Gleason score was achieved in H-TERT expression only. Conclusion TWIST expression can be used to differentiate between BPH and PIN, but not between PIN and prostatic carcinoma, whereas H-TERT proved to be more useful in differentiating between BPH, PIN, and carcinoma, besides its prognostic value, as it correlates significantly with the Gleason score.
Environmental heterogeneity at different scales: key factors affecting caddisfly larvae assemblages in standing waters within a lowland river catchment

We examined the importance of environmental parameters at different spatial scales influencing the occurrence of caddisfly larvae at different levels of their organization (species, faunistic metrics and functional groups) in lentic floodplain waters, in order to gain information on the ecological status and management of a small lowland river catchment. At the lowest spatial level – pH, sediment grain size, insolation and the presence of aquatic macrophytes proved significant for caddisfly larvae, at higher and the highest level (including buffer zones and the catchment) – the surface areas of watercourses and the river, distance from standing waters and distance from broadleaf forests, respectively. Rheophilous hydropsychids accounted for 17% of the whole fauna of the examined water bodies. They spread from the river via water during flood in the spring. We also detected some significant correlations between functional groups of caddisfly larvae and parameters describing buffer zones and the river catchment against the sub-catchment type use. Information provided by the Caddisfly Habitat Index showed an overall good ecological status of the river-floodplain. Caddisfly larvae may be good indicators of numerous factors and processes, but they should be studied comprehensively, at different levels of organization. Our results can be useful for preservation of biodiversity and management of river valleys. We suggest: 1) maintaining the varied structure of aquatic macrophytes in water bodies, 2) securing the long-term presence of broadleaf trees in buffer zones in order to provide detritus input, varied insolation and shelter for caddisflies, 3) limiting drainage activities in the river valley in order to save varied habitats, especially temporary ones, 4) providing heterogeneous landscape in the river catchment (homogenous land use is inappropriate).
Response of Diverse Lettuce Types to Fertilizer Phosphorus

Four field experiments were conducted from 1990 to 1992 on Histosols in southern Florida to compare the relative response of various types of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) (i.e., leaf, Boston, Bibb, romaine, and crisphead lettuce) to P fertilization. All lettuce types showed large yield and quality responses to P fertilization. Because environmental conditions affected yield potential, P rates required for optimal yield varied for lettuce types across experiments. However, with the exception of Boston, the P rates required for optimal yield were similar when averaged over all experiments. Furthermore, the relationship between relative yield and soil-test P across all seasons showed that a similar soil-test P index level was required for maximum yield of all lettuce types. Overall, the results of this study suggest that existing soil-test-based fertilizer recommendations for crisphead lettuce are adequate for other lettuce types currently grown.
Review of the Japanese species of Cystidicola, Metabronema and Rhabdochona (Nematoda) from salmonoid fishes.

From a review of pertinent literature on the Japanese species of Cystidicola, Metabronema, and Rhabdochona from salmonoid fishes, the 16 named species have been reduced to 15 and 11 of them have been distributed among three genera as follows: Rhabdochona oncorhynchi (FUJITA, 1921) F UJITA, 1927 (syns. Cystidicola o. F. , 1921 ; Rhabdochona o. F UJITA, 1940), R. fujiii (FUJITA, 1931) FUJITA, 1927 (syns. Cystidicola f. F., 1921; Rhabdo nema jujii (F UJITA) of KO BAYASHI , 1935, 1936 ; Rhabdochona jijii F UJITA (? 1941) of RASHEED, 1965), R. sal velini F UJITA, 1927, and R. amago YAMAGUTI, 1935 ; Cystidicoloides tenuissima (ZEDER, 1800) RASHEED, 1966 (syns. Spiroptera salvelini F UJ ITA, 1922 ; Cystidicola s. (F ., 1922) F UJ ITA, 1928 ; Metabronema s. (F ., 1922) BAYLIS, 1935; Cystidicoloides s. (F ., 1922) DOLLFUS and CAMPANA·RoUGET, 1956; Sterliadochona s. (F. , 1922) RO YTMAN , in press) ; Salvelinema salmonicola (ISHII, 1916) MARGOLIS , 1966 (syns . Oxyuris sp. KOSHIDA, 1905 ; Ancyracanthus s. 1., 1916 ; Cystidicola s. (I., 1916) F UJITA , 1927; Cystidicola chitosensis FUJITA, 1940 ; "Cystidicola jarionis" of ZHUKOV, 1960; Salvelinema cristata TROFIMENKO, 1962 ; Pseudometabronema sachalinense BOGDANOVA, 1963), S. iwana (FUJITA, 1928) n. comb. (syns. Cystidicola i. F ., 1928 ; Metabronema i. (F . , 1928) FCJITA, 1937), S . oncorhynchi (F UJITA, 1939) n. comb. (syns. Metabronema o. F ., 1939; Cystidicola o. (F. , 1939) YAMAGUTI , 1961), S. kosugii (FUJITA, 1939) n. comb. (syn. Metabronema k. F. , 1939), S. amemasu (FUJITA, 1939) n. comb. (syns . Metab,'onema a. F ., 1939 ; Cystidicola a. (F ., 1939) RASHEED, 1966), S. ishiii (F UJITA, 1941) n. comb. (syns. Metabronema salvelini FUJITA, 1939; M . ishiii F., 1941 ; Rhabdochona i. (F. , 1941) YAMAGUTI, 1961). The generic position of the remaining four species was left unsettled because of insufficient available morphological information. These are Cystidicola brevicauda F UJITA, 1939, C. chika FUJITA, 1941 (syns. C. minuta FUJITA, 1940; Metabronema minutum (F., 1940) YAMAGUTI, 1961), C. mesopi F UJITA, 1940, and Mti tabronema laticauda FUJITA, 1939. It is not likely that all species of Salvelinema and possibly of Rhabdochona are valid. Examination of syntype or topotypic material would be necessary to settle questions of synonYI:! 1Y at the specific level.