Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GRASSHOPPER (ACRIDIDAE) — HOST PLANT ASSOCIATIONS: RESPONSE OF GRASSHOPPER POPULATIONS TO CATTLE GRAZING INTENSITY

Abstract Grasshopper populations were monitored for 2 years in six differentially grazed pastures of native shortgrass prairie, and correlated with floral biomass in these pastures. Total numbers of grasshoppers were significantly higher in high biomass pastures (ungrazed or lightly grazed by cattle), while numbers of grasshoppers in the subfamily Oedipodinae were significantly higher in low biomass pastures (moderately or heavily grazed). Grasshopper numbers in the phytophilous subfamilies Gomphocerinae and Catantopinae were positively correlated with grass and forb biomass, while numbers of the geophilous Oedipodinae were negatively correlated with all biomass components. It would seem possible to modify grasshopper abundance through regulation of cattle grazing intensity, but changes in abundance would also be accompanied by shifts in the grasshopper species complex. Résumé Les populations de criquets ont été suivies pendant 2 ans dans 6 pâturages broutés à divers degrés situés en prairie indigène à herbage court, et mises en corrélation avec la biomasse végétale dans ces pâturages. Les nombres totaux de criquets étaient plus élevés dans les pâturages à biomasse élevée (non broutés ou légèrement broutés par le bétail), alors que les nombres de criquets de la sous-famille Oedipodinae étaient significativement plus élevés dans les pâturages à biomasse réduite (modérément ou intensément broutés). Les nombres de criquets des sous-familles phytophiles Gomphocerinae et Catantopinae étaient positivement corrélés à la biomasse herbeuse et non-herbeuse, alors que les nombres d'Oedipodinae (géophiles) étaient corrélés négativement avec toutes les composantes de la biomasse. Il semble possible de modifier l'abondance des criquets en régularisant l'intensité de broutage, mais les changements seraient aussi accompagnés de changements dans la composition de la communauté de criquets.
Salicylic acid and osmotic stress effects on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

Low seed germination and seedling stand establishment are main factors in dryland farming for winter wheat production in low rainfall regions (<300 mm annual rainfall) of Iran. Previous studies have shown that salicylic acid (SA) plays positive roles to plants responses to osmotic stress. Therefore, the influence of seed treatment with salicylic acid on germination and seedling growth under drought stress was studied with two wheat cultivars; Roshan as a tolerant and Mahdavi as an intolerant cultivar to osmotic stress. The results showed osmotic stress (10% and 20% PEG) reduced germination percentage, growth rate, vigor index, seedling length and dry weight and also increased leaf cells electrolyte leakage. The effect of 20% PEG was more severe. On the contrary, SA (0.1 and 0.5 mM) significantly improved germination and seedling indices and cultivars responded similarly to interaction of drought and SA. SA, especially at 0.5 mM alleviated the adverse effects of osmotic stress on most recorded parameters. Therefore, it is concluded that SA may have improve germination and seedling growth and establishment of wheat in dryland farming.
Prevalence of Antibiotic Residues and Associated Risk Factors in Milk in Chittagong, Bangladesh

| We conducted the study to determine the prevalence and concentration of antibiotic residues (AR) in raw and pasteurized milk along with the effect of boiling on the concentrations as well as the associated risk factors on residues in raw milk. We collected 380 raw milk samples from commercial dairy farms, household farms and different distributing points, and 100 pasteurized milk samples from different markets of Chittagong, Bangladesh. A pretested questionnaire was applied to identify farm-level risk factors for AR followed by a univariate analysis to test the factors. The milk samples were screened for the presence of AR by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and the concentration of residues (μg/l) was determined by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC). Categories of farms, cow illness, treatment given in last week and antibiotics used in treatment were significant (P ≤ 0.05) factors for prevalence of AR in raw milk (18 %). The concentrations of amoxicillin (339.9 μg/l) and oxytetracycline (195 μg/l) residues in raw milk were significantly (P ≤ 0.01) reduced by boiling. The concentrations of amoxicillin and oxytetracycline residues in all sources of milk were higher than the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) and assumed to be causing a serious public health threat.
Employee Commitment to Change: A Literature Review

In management theory and practice, employee commitment to change is an important issue. Nevertheless, there are vastly different approaches to the concept and theory, including the affecting factors and results of employee commitment to change. As yet, there is no authoritative or definitive approach. This paper has reviewed and summarised the findings of previous studies, based on Herscovitch & Meyer’s Three-Component Model of commitment to change, formulated in 2002. The varying degrees of change commitment have been explained in light of several underpinning theories, including the Theory of Planned Behaviour, Kurt Lewin’s Three-Step Model, the Social Exchange Theory, the Social Cognitive Theory, the Broaden-and-Build Theory, the Conservation of Resources Theory and the Implicit Change Leadership Theory. The paper has also examined the various viewpoints on the influencing factors (or antecedents) and end results of employee commitment to change. Ultimately, the literature review has shown that there were several limitations in previous studies, including inadequate research on individual factors and job factors in light of commitment to change.
Species densities of macrobenthos associated with seagrass: A field experimental study of prédation

Caging experiments in a wide variety of marine environments over a period of almost fifty years have produced dramatic density increases of macrobenthos in the absence of predators. This study utilized predator exclusion cages in seagrass areas of a subtropical estuary in east central Florida to determine if predicted increases in density would result. Cages were erected at three sites in the Indian River estuary. At each of the three sites, four replicate box cores were taken, inside and outside the cages, at four sampling times over a period of five months. The 33 numerically most abundant taxa were selected for testing of differences in species densities by two-way multivariate analyses of variance with interaction. The analyses showed that the effect of caging differed at the three sites. At two of the sites, species densities increased inside the cages, consistent with our expectations, while at the third site (St. Lucie) densities of species decreased. The presence of carnivorous decapod crustaceans inside cages in larger numbers at the St. Lucie site is advanced as an explanation for the un- predicted decrease in species densities at that location. The use of caging in this experiment separated the predatory impact of fishes from that of the decapods, further clarifying the structure of the food web in this seagrass habitat.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF COHERENT STRUCTURES IN A TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER USING PIV

Particle Image Velocimetry experiments have been performed in a turbulent boundary layer wind tunnel in order to study the coherent structures taking part in the generation and preservation of wall turbulence. T h e particular wind tunnel used is well suited for high resolution experiments (<5 > 0.3 m ) at high Reynolds numbers (up to Rg = 19 000 in the present results). T h e Particle Image Velocimetry experiments were carried out with different light sheet configurations including those similar to the visualization study by Head t¿ Bandyopadhyay (1981). Eddy structures and near wall streaks were identified in instantaneous velocity maps in order to determine their mean characteristics.
Advanced Technology for Cyclones Storm Damage Risk Reduction Systems and Flood Protection Levees

In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina became one of the most expensive natural disasters in U.S.A. history. The storm surge overtopping resulted in scouring of levee land sides, and in some cases led to overturned flood walls and breaches. Lack of protection of levee land sides from erosion was cited as a major cause of catastrophic destruction and spurned new requirements for resiliency of levee infrastructure across the United States. In response to the impacts of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) embarked on one of the largest and most comprehensive public works projects in American history to provide a 100-year level of risk reduction, meaning that infrastructure would be established to defend against a storm surge that has a 1% change of occurring in any given year. Testing showed that using an armouring system consisting of high performance turf reinforcement mat (HPTRM) with Engineered Earth Anchors performed substantially better than all other systems in protecting against erosion. This armouring system has been recognised by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) as a Best Management Practice (BMP) to improve water quality in the management of urban flows in channels. Today, this system is still performing extremely well in preventing erosion and maintaining its integrity, despite significant rainfall and storm events since 2012. An additional 2.5 million square metres of HPTRM product is planned to be installed in the near future. This anchored armouring system has provided the USACE with a reliable solution for protecting lives and properties in areas vulnerable to cyclones and severe floods. Recently, a further rigorous testing program verified that this system exceeds USACE design standards.
Hand attractiveness—its determinants and associations with facial attractiveness

Although attractiveness of the human hand seems to be of some importance in the social and mating context, it has attracted little scientific interest thus far. Here, we investigated physical determinants of hand attractiveness and its associations with facial appeal. Photographs of faces and the dorsal and ventral side of hands of young women and men were measured and assessed for attractiveness and several other features. Typicality and femininity of shape, perceived fattiness and skin healthiness, the appearance of nail vicinity, and grooming influenced hand attractiveness in men and women. Hand and facial attractiveness were correlated with each other for each sex. This relationship was mediated by shape typicality and fattiness in men and by grooming and, possibly, fattiness in women. Results are discussed from an evolutionary psychology perspective with special reference to biological signaling and mate selection.
Immunological Detection of Avian Influenza Virus in Infected Ducks by Monoclonal Antibodies Against AIV-H5N1

In order to establish a detection method for avian influenza virus (AIV) infection in ducks, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the virus were produced. The virus used for the production of the monoclonal antibodies was AIV-H5N1 of Indonesian origin. Immortal mouse myeloma were fused with the lymphocytes derived from the spleen of mice immunized with the virus. The MAbs were tested for their specificity by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting using formaldehyde inactivated virus and normal allantoic fluid as a negative control. Twelve MAbs which were specific against AIV were isolated and 8 of them were used for detecting of AIV antigen in duck’ s tissues. AIV antigen was detected in paraf fin embedded tissues of AIV-infected ducks by immunohistoch emistry using MAbs. AIV antigen was not detected in ducks, which were confirmed to be AIV negative. In the infected ducks, high intensity of AIV infection was detected in proventricle gland and small intestine. The AIV antigen with a lesser intensity was also detected in lungs, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius, but hardly detected in muscle, brain, and several other issues. This study shows a clear evidence that MAbs produced in this study are applicable for use in immunological detection of AIV in infected duck tissues.
BeSS: An R Package for Best Subset Selection in Linear, Logistic and Cox Proportional Hazards Models

We introduce a new R package, BeSS, for solving the best subset selection problem in linear, logistic and Cox's proportional hazard (CoxPH) models. It utilizes a highly efficient active set algorithm based on primal and dual variables, and supports sequential and golden search strategies for best subset selection. We provide a C++ implementation of the algorithm using an Rcpp interface. We demonstrate through numerical experiments based on enormous simulation and real datasets that the new BeSS package has competitive performance compared to other R packages for best subset selection purposes.
Reproductive and Early Life History of Nonindigenous Red Shiner in the Chattahoochee River Drainage, Georgia

Abstract This study quantified the reproductive and early life-history characteristics of nonindigenous populations of Cyprinella lutrensis (Red Shiner) introduced into two tributaries of the Chattahoochee River, GA. Red Shiners had a maximum age of at least two years and a peak breeding season from May through July, with intermittent spawning in both populations. The presence of small individuals late in the year suggests the potential for Red Shiners to spawn in their first summer of life in both study streams. Whereas these life histories are similar to those previously described for this species, these results suggest the potential for nonindigenous Red Shiners to successfully expand and establish populations in additional areas within the Chattahoochee River drainage.
Running head: AT RISK?-PREDICTION OF PROBLEM BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENTS

Depressive symptoms are prevalent amongst parents suffering from chronic medical conditions (CMC), such as multiple sclerosis or brain damage. This study examined the combined impact of having parents with CMC and increased depressive symptoms on clinical outcomes of adolescent internalizing problem behavior. Self–report data from Dutch adolescents (ten to 23 years old) on the Youth Self–Report (YSR) were compared between four samples: adolescents of parents affected by CMC (135 adolescents, mean age = 14.61 years), mental disorders (25 adolescents, mean age = 18.04 years), and two respective comparison groups with healthy parents (114 adolescents, mean age = 14.54 years; 114 adolescents, mean age = 17.94 years). Adolescents of parents with CMC were divided using ill parents’ scores on the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), yielding a target group of parents with CMC and minimal depressive symptoms and a target group of parents with CMC with light to severe depressive symptoms. Adolescents dealing with parental CMC showed more internalizing problem behavior and were more likely to score in the clinical range than adolescents with two healthy parents. Adolescents of parents with CMC and co–occurring depressive symptoms had highest mean scores and scored most frequently in the clinical range of internalizing problem behavior especially on the subscale of anxious/depressed internalizing problem behavior. This study points to the relevance of early screenings and identification of adolescents at risk for developing problem behavior, in order to afford them to benefit from professional interventions as early as possible.
Effect of sward cutting management on the relative performance of perennial ryegrass varieties

The performance potentials of six perennial ryegrass varieties for conservation or grazing use were compared between 1994 and 1996 in N. Ireland. They were maintained, either under constant lax defoliation (conservation) or constant severe defoliation (simulated grazing) management for 3 years, or annually alternated between these two managements with the changeover taking place either in autumn or at the first cut of the following year. Starting one set with lax defoliation in the first year and the other with severe defoliation created duplicates of these two alternating treatments. The results showed that variety yield differed depending on the season and the management imposed and there were differential responses to the various treatments. Conducting an alternating management system that implemented the management change in autumn provided a valid estimate of yield performance potential for both simulated grazing and conservation use, compared to constant management systems. Although significant differences in variety ranking between lax defoliation and severe defoliation management yields were only observed in the third year, the study showed that if the management change was implemented in autumn, the yield potential of varieties in the following year was not affected by the preceding year's management regime. Leaving a longer sward (6 cm) to over-winter increased the spring performance of the varieties in some years, compared to a shorter sward (3 cm), which may have implications for grazing management. There were also indications that imposing an alternating management system might alter the absolute magnitude of the sward density ratings relative to a constantly managed system, though variety rankings would remain unaffected. It was concluded that the current alternating management testing system used to evaluate candidate varieties for UK National or regional recommended lists, does not cause any variety to be unfairly advantaged or disadvantaged.
Gondwanan radiation of the Southern Hemisphere crayfishes (Decapoda: Parastacidae): evidence from fossils and molecules

Aim The sequential break‐up of Gondwana is thought to be a dominant process in the establishment of shared biota across landmasses of the Southern Hemisphere. Yet similar distributions are shared by taxa whose radiations clearly post‐date the Gondwanan break‐up. Thus, determining the contribution of vicariance versus dispersal to seemingly Gondwanan biota is complex. The southern freshwater crayfishes (family Parastacidae) are distributed on Australia and New Guinea, South America, Madagascar and New Zealand and are unlikely to have dispersed via oceans, owing to strict freshwater limitations. We test the hypotheses that the break‐up of Gondwana has led to (1) a predominately east–west (((Australia, New Zealand: 80 Ma) Madagascar: 160–121 Ma) South America: 165–140 Ma), or (2) a southern (((Australia, South America: 52–35 Ma) New Zealand: 80 Ma) Madagascar: 160–121 Ma) pattern for parastacid crayfish. Further, we examine the evidence for a complete drowning of New Zealand and subsequent colonization by freshwater crayfish.
Gender Analysis of Students’ Enrollment in the Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State: Impacts on Women Empowerment and Technopreneurship Education

Technopreneurship which was coined out from the words Technology and Entrepreneurship plays an important role in fostering National Development and central to the propulsion of the National Economy. It has been established that the sustainable development of a nation depends on the full participation and contribution of every member of the society. Therefore, the female enrollment crisis is a significant part of a larger problem in the Nigerian society. The gender and women's empowerment model is an important instrument in the development of sharing ratio quota for national poverty reduction. This presentation examined female enrollment in the Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria over five years (2010-2015). The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, is a 2nd generation Polytechnic in South-West Nigeria. Data on student enrollment by gender and discipline from two different schools made up of four departments each was used for the analysis. The result of the analyzed data revealed the gender disparity that exists in male and female enrollment. The study also revealed that female student enrollment was lopsided in favor of the School of Business Studies (SBS) when compared to School of Engineering (SOE) the seat of technology and innovations. Given the implications of these findings for women empowerment and technopreneurship education, it is recommended that enhanced public education enlightenment be put in place to ensure that parents embrace girl-child education, public awareness on women's' rights and gender empowerment. Also, female students should be encouraged through fee subsidy and separate cut-off marks in the admission process without compromising quality. The Government on its part should promote an increase in girls' access to secondary, science, and technical education. It should also put in place measures to enhance their performance. The solution was also offered to remedy the constraints in problem areas such as science and mathematics where gender gaps are inhibiting empowerment progress. Keywords— Technopreneurship, gender, empowerment, entrepreneurship, technology, women
The effect of bacterial infections of the udder on the yield and composition of cow's milk

Summary The effect of bacterial infections, produced by infusions of Streptococcus dysgalactiae and of Staphylococcus pyogenes into one quarter of the udder, on milk yield and composition in heifers has been investigated. After a quarter became infected there was invariably a decrease in the yield of milk and in the concentrations of lactose and potassium, while there was an increase in those of sodium, chloride and non-casein proteins. These effects persisted into the 2nd lactation if the infection was not eliminated. If the infection was eliminated during the 1st lactation or during the dry period before 2nd calving there was a complete recovery in the composition of the milk in the 2nd lactation, but the recovery in milk yield was not complete.
C: Behaviour & environmental psychology C.1. Man-environment interactions PERCEIVED CONTROL OVER INDOOR CLIMATE AND ITS IMPACT ON DUTCH OFFICE WORKERS

Individual perceived control over indoor climate scores were perfectly normally distributed (using a 7 point scale coded from 1 = no control at all to 7 = full control) with as mean value 3.1 (SD 1.4). Respondents that perceived to have a high amount of control over their indoor climate were considerably more satisfied with their indoor environment. High control respondents also had significant less building related symptoms (BSI(5) 0.94 vs. 0.61). And productivity scores were significantly higher (6.3 %point) in comparison with the low control respondents.