Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coniacian-?Santonian paralic sedimentation in the Rakowice Małe area of the North Sudetic Basin, SW Poland: sedimentary facies, ichnological record and palaeogeographical reconstruction of an evolving marine embayment

The Coniacian-? Santonian siliciclastic succession outcropped in a sandstone quarry at Rakowice Male (Żerkowice Member of the Rakowice Wielkie Formation, and the Czerna Formation including the Nowogrodziec Member; North Sudetic Basin, SW Poland) provides an interesting example of paralic deposits. Lithofacies and ichnofossil examination indicate coastal, lacustrine, paludal and lagoonal sedimentation. Valuable new data are supplied by trace fossils, a feature not considered yet in the literature on the Upper Cretaceous of the North Sudetic Basin. Trace fossils are overall abundant in the upper part of the Nowogrodziec Member and overlying part of the Czerna Formation. The following ichnogenera: Thalassinoides, Ophiomorpha, Asterosoma, Palaeophycus, Planolites, Skolithos, Teredolites, Chondrites, Cylindrichnus, Arenicolites, Rosselia, Teichichnus, Phycodes, Phycosiphon, and Schaubcylindrichnus are represented. The trace fossils represent the Skolithos, Teredolites and Cruziana ichnofacies. The Cruziana Ichnofacies is typified by the richest trace fossil assemblage characteristic of its archetypal, proximal and stressed expressions. An upper shoreface to foreshore origin of these sediments is documented using lithofacies and the ichnofossils Ophiomorpha and Thalassinoides in the exposed part of the Żerkowice Member. Dominance of kaolinite, lack of burrows and upward passage into paludal deposits is interpreted to indicate a lacustrine origin of variegated clayey mudstone at the base of the Nowogrodziec Member. The changes of depositional environments are interpreted as resulting from separation of the area from the open sea by a sand barrier formed due to the termination of the forced regression. Siltstones containing plant roots and fragments of drifted wood showing the trace fossil Teredolites clavatus, together with coal-seams containing Thalassinoides isp. , are assigned to indicate a coastal plain, paludal deposition of the overlying part of the Nowogrodziec Member and incursion of marine waters. The fining upward sequence constituting the top part of the Nowogrodziec Member and showing almost archetypal Cruziana Ichnofacies substituted by its expression indicative of highly stressed, brackish conditions are shown to indicate extensive drowning of the area and lagoonal sedimentation. Termination of the drowning, embodied in a maximum flooding surface, is indicated in a bed of coaly mudstone at the top of the Nowogrodziec Member. Sedimentation on a periodically prograded brackish bay shoreface is inferred from lithofacies, ichnofossils and body fossils for the deposits overlying the Nowogrodziec Member and topping the examined succession. The trace fossils indicate Cruziana Ichnofacies and Skolithos Ichnofacies in the expression of slightly stressed environ- ments. The whole examined part of the Czerna Formation is interpreted as a fifth-order transgressive-regressive cycle.
Measles in Kirkuk Governorate: Cohort Study

Objective(s): To describe the demographic attributes, vaccination status of measles patients and the occurrence ofthe disease according to time and place in Kirkuk governorate during the year 2010.Methodology: The epidemiological study (a descriptive study) on measles cases was carried out in Kirkuk provincewhich is one of the Iraqi governorates from January 20th to July 30th, 2011. Data were collected retrospectively byreview of patients' files that were registered at the department of statistic in health directorate of Kirkuk during theyear 2010. A purposive "non-probability" sample of (152) confirmed measles cases (clinically and laboratory) thatwere registered at the department of statistic in health directorate of Kirkuk during the year 2010, were selected forthe purpose of the study. These data include demographic data, vaccination status, place and time of reporting thecases by month. The obtained data of the registered cases were entered in to the computer and analyzed through theuse of the statistical package social sciences (SPSS 11.5); the data analysis was preformed through descriptivestatistical approach, such as (frequency and percentage). Results: The study findings revealed that (49.3%) of measles cases were more than fifteenth years of age, (57.9%) ofthem were male. Up to half of cases occurred inside Kirkuk city, and according to vaccination status, (47.4%) ofmeasles cases were vaccinated.Recommendations: The study highlighted the necessity of timely measles vaccine campaign, additional dose ofvaccine to include also adolescents and adults who may be sensitive to measles, and importance of health educationfor unimmunized adult person.
Unraveling MYC’s Role in Orchestrating Tumor Intrinsic and Tumor Microenvironment Interactions Driving Tumorigenesis and Drug Resistance

The transcription factor MYC plays a pivotal role in regulating various cellular processes and has been implicated in tumorigenesis across multiple cancer types. MYC has emerged as a master regulator governing tumor intrinsic and tumor microenvironment interactions, supporting tumor progression and driving drug resistance. This review paper aims to provide an overview and discussion of the intricate mechanisms through which MYC influences tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance in cancer. We delve into the signaling pathways and molecular networks orchestrated by MYC in the context of tumor intrinsic characteristics, such as proliferation, replication stress and DNA repair. Furthermore, we explore the impact of MYC on the tumor microenvironment, including immune evasion, angiogenesis and cancer-associated fibroblast remodeling. Understanding MYC’s multifaceted role in driving drug resistance and tumor progression is crucial for developing targeted therapies and combination treatments that may effectively combat this devastating disease. Through an analysis of the current literature, this review’s goal is to shed light on the complexities of MYC-driven oncogenesis and its potential as a promising therapeutic target.
Invisible Indigenes: The Politics of Nonrecognition

In the last few decades, as indigenous peoples have increasingly sought out and sometimes demanded sovereignty on a variety of fronts, their relationships with encompassing nation-states have become ever more complicated and troubled. The varying ways that today's nation-states attempt to manage - and often render invisible - contemporary indigenous peoples is the subject of this global comparative study.Beginning with his own work along the northwest coast of North America and drawing on contemporary examples from South America, Asia, Africa, and Europe, Bruce Granville Miller examines how national governments classify, govern, and control the indigenous populations within their boundaries through administrative, judicial, and economic means. One telling consequence of such regulation strategies is that certain indigenous peoples become unrecognized - their ethnic identities and heritages fail to find legal register and thus empowerment within the very state organizations that manage other aspects of their lives.In the United States alone reside two hundred thousand unrecognized indigenous individuals, some members of indigenous communities that were dropped from the roster of tribes and others whose ancestors were overlooked. Miller also considers some important differences between the fluid nature of ethnic identity for some indigenous peoples and the more rigid notion of identity encoded in many state regulations. "Invisible Indigenes" reveals a recurring issue integral to the formation and maintenance of nation-states today and highlights a common challenge facing indigenous peoples across the globe in the twenty-first century. Bruce Granville Miller is a professor of anthropology at the University of British Columbia. He is the author of "The Problem of Justice: Tradition" and "Law in the Coast Salish World" (Nebraska 2001).
“More than Disease”: Uncovering the Economic, Social, and Political Consequences of Sierra Leone’s COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract When COVID-19 reached Sierra Leone, the government responded by implementing strict containment measures. While the effectiveness of such actions has been debated, the socioeconomic and political implications were undeniable. This qualitative study reveals that people suffered tremendously from economic insecurity, strains on social relationships, and civil rights violations, prompting many to perceive the COVID-19 pandemic as worse than the 2014–15 Ebola epidemic. These hardships have driven distrust of the government, which threatens continuing mitigation efforts. Using a feminist global health security frame, which recenters the protection of vulnerable individuals in relation to the state, we call for more contextually-relevant, civil society-informed pandemic responses.
Qur'anic Perspective on Social Religious Conflict Resolution Based on Culture of Togetherness and Rembugan in Indonesia

This study described the resolution of religious and social conflicts in Bantarkawung, Central Java, Indoensia; its contributing factors and how they aligned with the Qur'an's perspective. This study employed a qualitative approach by conducting interviews with participants in conflict resolution. During the Covid-19 period from 2020 to 2021, we collected data. This study found that the local government and religious leaders resolved conflicts based on the culture of togetherness in religious rituals and social works, fostering interactions and adhering to consensus-based "rembugan" to accept differences in religious understanding, particularly regarding ūlūl-amr. In this region, conflicts were typically resolved through conciliation, with a conciliator initiating the process. Additionally, the conciliator actively devised and formulated resolution steps for the disputing parties. This resolution was a combination of şulĥ (reconciliation) and taĥkīm (arbitration), according to the Qur'an. However, this research had limitations; consequently, it is necessary to conduct similar studies in other regions of Indonesia with distinct characteristics from the research area. Comparative studies would also be useful with countries that share similarities with Indonesia, such as Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, and Singapore and those that differ, such as Middle Eastern, Australian, American, and European nations.
The Effect of Corrective and Encouraging Accumulated Vibrotactile Feedback on Work Technique Training and Motivation—A Pilot Study

Encouraging feedback is shown to increase motivation and facilitate learning in different settings, though there is a lack of knowledge of applying it in work technique training. This pilot study aimed to evaluate two accumulated vibrotactile feedback strategies for work technique training using a smart workwear system. Eight women and two men participated in the study. They were divided into two groups, receiving the corrective feedback or the combined corrective and encouraging feedback while doing simulated manual handling tasks in a lab environment. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to evaluate the motivation, learning, and user experiences. In this small sample size, we saw that both groups significantly improved their work technique of upper arm and trunk postures, and no significant difference between groups was seen. In addition, both groups reported increased ergonomic awareness, were satisfied with the feedback training, and considered the system useful. However, the combined feedback group had slightly lower ratings of motivation and more negative experiences of the corrective feedback itself compared to the corrective feedback group. Both groups had positive experiences with the encouraging feedback. Future research should consider investigating the long-term learning effects of using solely corrective or encouraging accumulated feedback for work technique training with such systems.
Darfur : a short history of a long war

* Preface * 1. The People of Darfur * Dor Village * A History of Statehood and Ethnicity * Islam in Darfur * Becoming Sudanese * 2. The Government of Sudan * 3. The Janjawiid * Musa Hilal, A Big Sheikh * Roots of the Northern Janjawiid * The Death of the Old Order * The Arab Gathering * The Masalit War: 'The beginning of the organization of the Janjawiid' * From Aamo to Misteriha * 4. The Rebels * The Fur Resistance * The Zaghawa Link * When Did the Insurrection Begin? * Looking for Friends * Search for a Cohesive Leadership * The Justice and Equality Movement * From The Black Book to Guerrilla Operations * 5. The War * 6. Endgame * Forward to the Past * The UN and the Genocide Question * Bibliography * Index
Characteristics of Water-Soluble Inorganic
Ions and their Impacts on PM2.5 Pollution Events
in Mianyang, Southwest China

To investigate the characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) and their roles in the occurrence of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) pollution events, we collected 23-h integrated PM 2.5 samples over 4 months in 2021 in Mianyang, Southwest China. Nine inorganic ions (Na + , NH 4+ , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , F − , Cl − , SO 4 2− , and NO 3 − ) were analyzed through ion chromatography; hourly SO 2 , NO 2 , and O 3 concentrations and meteorological parameters were measured using online monitoring instruments. Annual mean concentration of WSIIs was 11.7±9.1 μg m −3 , constituting 35.0% of PM 2.5 . SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , and NH 4+ were the dominant ions. NO 3 − concentration was highest in winter and lowest in summer; by contrast, SO 4 2− concentrations were comparable in winter and spring but lower in autumn. NH 4+ concentration followed the same seasonal pattern as the sum of SO 4 2− and NO 3 − concentrations. PM 2.5 pollution events primarily occurred in winter, with the mean concentration of 107.4±12.0 μg m −3 on pollution days. SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , and NH 4 + concentrations were 1.6-2.2 times higher on pollution days than on non-pollution days, but SO 2 and NO 2 concentrations increased by a factor of approximately 1.2, implying the enhanced secondary inorganic ions formation. PM 2.5 pollution event occurrence was mainly associated with low wind speeds, high aerosol pH, and high aerosol water content. These findings highlight the key features of WSIIs during pollution periods in medium-sized cities and provide basic data for evaluating the effects of clean-air policies on the reduction of PM 2.5 concentrations.
Toward General Cross-Modal Signal Reconstruction for Robotic Teleoperation

The multi-modal robotic teleoperation, as an important application in human-computer interaction (HCI), is playing a significant role in various domains such as industry, healthcare, and education. However, existing robotic teleoperation systems face significant challenges with multi-modal signals, primarily in designing a cross-modal communication architecture that caters to diverse modal requirements and ensuring high-quality cross-modal signal reconstruction even in poor network conditions. To this end, this work proposes a general cross-modal signal reconstruction scheme by taking full advantage of the correlation among different modality signals. Specifically, we first propose a scalable cross-modal communication architecture that meets the diverse needs of various modality signals using multi-modal encoding and multi-directional decoding, eliminating the need for a specialized feature extraction model. Next, we design a masked auto-encoder with discriminator assistance (MAE-D) cross-modal signal reconstruction method, which leverages the idea of generative confrontation by combining the codec for signal reconstruction with the discriminator responsible for assessing the authenticity of the reconstructed signal to achieve accurate and efficient cross-modal signal reconstruction. Finally, numerical experiments conducted on our self-built multi-modal dataset, a public dataset, and a teleoperation simulation platform demonstrate that the proposed scheme offers significant advantages in cross-modal signal reconstruction.
Naturalistic the affect-heart rate relationship : a day reconstruction

Objective: Prospective studies have linked both negative affective states and trait neuroticism with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. However, identifying how fluctuations in cardiovascular activity in day-to-day settings are related to changes in affect and stable personality characteristics has remained a methodological and logistical challenge. Design: In the present study, we tested the association between affect, affect variability, personality and heart rate (HR) in daily life. Measures: We utilized an online day reconstruction survey to produce a continuous account of affect, interaction, and activity patterns during waking hours. Ambulatory HR was assessed during the same period. Consumption, activity, and baseline physiological characteristics were assessed in order to isolate the relationships between affect, personality and heart rate. Results: Negative affect and variability in positive affect predicted an elevated ambulatory HR and tiredness a lower HR. Emotional stability was inversely related to HR, whereas agreeableness predicted a higher HR. Baseline resting HR was unrelated to either affect or personality. Conclusion: The results suggest that both state and trait factors implicated in negative affectivity may be risk factors for increased cardiovascular reactivity in everyday life. Combining day reconstruction with psychophysiological and environmental monitoring is discussed as a minimally invasive method with promising interdisciplinary relevance.
Factors Affecting the First Rank in Epidemiology Course Earned by the Students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in Pre-internship Exam: Students' and Teachers' Perspectives

In this qualitative study, the factors affecting the first rank in epidemiology course earned by medical students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in pre-internship exams of March, 2009 and September, 2010 was investigated. A total of 43 students who had participated in the given exams were selected through census sampling technique. Two epidemiology teachers were also selected using a purposive sampling technique. Students' data were gathered through a questionnaire. Teachers' data were collected using a semi-structured interview method. From the 43 administered questionnaires, 30 questionnaires were returned. The themes associated with the students were the teachers’ expertise, appropriate syllabus, proper teaching methods and students’ motivation and the themes related to the teachers were expertise and a defined curriculum. The findings of this study showed that appropriate curriculum and teachers’ expertise were the factors that exerted a great impact on obtaining a first rank by students in pre-internship exam.
Coal Bumps in an Eastern Kentucky USA Longwall Coal Mine 1989 to 1997

Coal mines in southern West Virginia, south-western Virginia and eastern Kentucky have experienced coal bumps at least since 1933. Most of the bumps have occurred due to high cover, strong roof and floor strata and stress concentrations due to the mining sequence. A longwall mine in eastern Kentucky first experienced coal bumps on the tailgate side of the longwall face in 1989. The bumps continued until 1996. The bumps were the result of: • thick overburden up to 670m. • strong roof and floor (strata strengths up to 177 MPa UCS and elasticity modulus up to 33.1 MPa • previous over-mining in places • sandstone channels Not all characteristics occurred simultaneously. The bumps produced seismic events recorded up to 4.3 (Richter scale magnitude), and damaged pillars that were up to 45 by 46 m in size. During the eight years that the bumps occurred, a large quantity of data was obtained in an effort to develop methods to predict an event, and reduce or eliminate the bumps. • In-situ strength properties of floor, coal and roof strata • Lab testing of floor, coal and roof samples • Monitoring gate road pillar response with stress metres, extensometers and convergence stations • Shield leg response • Monitoring in an effort to determine precursors was conducted using a digital microseismic monitoring system. • Back calculation of gate road pillar strength A number of different remedies were trialled in an effort to eliminate or decrease the severity of the bumps. • The gate road longwall design was varied • Pillar size and shape • 3 and 4 entry gate road designs water infusion in longwall panels, hydraulic induced face bumps, disruption of the roof strata A yield-abutment-yield pillar design was the most effective method in reducing the affect of bumps by moving the events onto the abutment pillars, but the bumps were never eliminated and adequate precursors and advanced warnings were never achieved.
The Effect of Select SARS-CoV-2 N-Linked Glycan and Variant of Concern Spike Protein Mutations on C-Type Lectin-Receptor-Mediated Infection

The SARS-CoV-2 virion has shown remarkable resilience, capable of mutating to escape immune detection and re-establishing infectious capabilities despite new vaccine rollouts. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify relatively immutable epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 virion that are resistant to future mutations the virus may accumulate. While hACE2 has been identified as the receptor that mediates SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility, it is only modestly expressed in lung tissue. C-type lectin receptors like DC-SIGN can act as attachment sites to enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection of cells with moderate or low hACE2 expression. We developed an easy-to-implement assay system that allows for the testing of SARS-CoV-2 trans-infection. Using our assay, we assessed how SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1-domain glycans and spike proteins from different strains affected the ability of pseudotyped lentivirions to undergo DC-SIGN-mediated trans-infection. Through our experiments with seven glycan point mutants, two glycan cluster mutants and four strains of SARS-CoV-2 spike, we found that glycans N17 and N122 appear to have significant roles in maintaining COVID-19′s infectious capabilities. We further found that the virus cannot retain infectivity upon the loss of multiple glycosylation sites, and that Omicron BA.2 pseudovirions may have an increased ability to bind to other non-lectin receptor proteins on the surface of cells. Taken together, our work opens the door to the development of new therapeutics that can target overlooked epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 virion to prevent C-type lectin-receptor-mediated trans-infection in lung tissue.