Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Curled actuated shapes of ionic polymer metal composites strips

The curled actuated shapes of ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are described within a nonlinear physics-based model of IPMC actuators. A key characteristic of the model is the refined, even if black box based, modeling of the relative permittivity of the IPMCs which strongly influences the actuation performances of the IPMC, when voltages higher than 1 V are involved. A varying-along-the-thickness relative permittivity is proposed to take into account the highly heterogeneous layers resulting from electrode deposition, where a charge redistribution occurs. Moreover, the presence of the metal electrodes has been considered as hampering the IPMCs' bending deformations, so reducing the actuation performances of the IPMC. A series of numerical tests have been planned and discussed to show the characteristics of the model; in particular, the model is shown to be strong enough to catch the not monotonic behavior of IPMCs, when back relaxation is manifested.
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulation of a tuned liquid damper

The roll motion response of a single degree of freedom (SDOF) structural system to which a rigid rectangular partially filled liquid tank has been attached is considered. The SDOF structural system with the empty tank is first described with a mathematical model and this model is validated by performing decay experiments as well as experiments in which periodic excitations are applied to the system. The responses are accurately predicted by the model. The accuracy of these predictions allows us to study both experimentally and numerically, with weakly compressible SPH, the performance of the partially filled tank as a tuned liquid damper (TLD). The sloshing flows inside the tank comprise the onset of breaking waves which make the TLDs devices extremely difficult to model, especially for the potential flow multimodal approaches commonly used to simulate these sorts of coupled systems. In order to characterise the wave breaking effects on the response curves, tests have been performed with liquids of different viscosity, the increasing viscosity preventing the onset of breaking waves. The capabilities of SPH to treat this coupling problem are assessed and the results show that SPH is able to capture a substantial part of the physics involved in the addressed phenomena but further work remains still to be done relating to a more accurate treatment of the laminar viscosity and turbulence effects.
Study on the Possibilities to Graft Microencapsulated Essential Oil on Natural Fibres and Terry Fabrics

This research studied the influence of thermo-fixing temperature and binder concentration on the fixation of microcapsules with Eucalyptus essential oil to yarns and terry fabrics as well as physical properties of textiles with microcapsules. SEM micrographs confirmed that the grafting of microcapsules onto yarns spun from cotton, grey linen, bleached linen, ramie and bamboo fibres as well as onto ramie-cotton terry fabrics was effective. We conclude that a thermo-fixing temperature of 160 °C and higher caused the deformation of micro capsules or the partial or entire loss of an active product of the majority of microcapsules. Larger microcapsules were commonly damaged faster and were worse than smaller ones. It was determined that variation of the binder concentration from 20 to 95 g/l increased the area density of ramie/cotton terry fabric 1.7 times. The area density of terry fabric grafted with microcapsules in relation to the weft density could be described by linear equations.
Structural Stability of Flows under Numerics

Abstract In our previous paper ( SIAM J. Math. Anal. 28 (1997), 381–388), we showed that the qualitative properties of a Morse–Smale gradient-like flow are preserved by its discretization mapping obtained via numerical methods. In this paper, we extend the result to flows which satisfy Axiom A and the strong transversality condition. We prove that if p ⩾2, Φ t is a C p +1 flow on a compact manifold satisfying Axiom A and the strong transversality condition, and N h is a numerical method of step size h and order p , then for all sufficiently small h , there are a homeomorphism H h and a continuous real-valued function τ h on M such that H h ∘ Φ h + hτ h ( x ) ( x )= N h ∘ H h ( x ) and H h is O ( h p )-close to the identity map on M .
A Complete Sample of Megaparsec-sized Double Radio Sources from the Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey

We present a complete sample of megaparsec-sized double radio sources compiled from the Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey. Almost complete redshift information has been obtained for the sample. The sample has the following defining criteria: Galactic latitude > 12. °5, declination δ < -50°, and angular size >5′. All the sources have a projected linear size larger than 0.7 Mpc (assuming H0 = 71 km s-1 Mpc-1). The sample is chosen from a region of the sky covering 2100 deg2. In this paper we present 843 MHz radio images of the extended radio morphologies made using the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope, higher resolution radio observations of any compact radio structures using the Australia Telescope Compact Array, and low-resolution optical spectra of the host galaxies from the 2.3 m Australian National University telescope at Siding Spring Observatory. The sample presented here is the first in the southern hemisphere and significantly enhances the database of known giant radio sources. The giant radio sources with linear size exceeding 0.7 Mpc have an abundance of (215 Mpc)-3 at the sensitivity of the survey. In the low-redshift universe, the survey may be suggesting the possibility that giant radio sources with relict lobes are more numerous than giant sources in which beams from the center currently energize the lobes.
HELICAL LENGTHS OF MAGNETIC CLOUDS FROM THE MAGNETIC FLUX CONSERVATION

We estimate axial lengths of helical parts in magnetic clouds (MCs) at 1 AU from the magnetic flux (magnetic helicity) conservation between solar active regions (ARs) and MCs with the event list of Leamon et al. Namely, considering poloidal magnetic flux (ΦP) conservation between MCs and ARs, we estimated Lh in MCs, where Lh is the axial length of an MC where poloidal magnetic flux and magnetic twist exist. It is found that Lh is 0.01–1.25 AU in the MCs. If the cylinder flux rope picture is assumed, this result leads to a possible new picture of the cylinder model whose helical structure (namely, poloidal magnetic flux) localizes in a part of a MC.
Adjustment of state space models in view of area rainfall estimation

This paper uses state space models and the Kalman filter to merge weather radar and rain gauge measurements in order to improve area rainfall estimates. Particular attention is given to the estimation of state space model parameters because precipitation data clearly deviates from the normal distribution, and the commonly used maximum likelihood method is difficult to apply and does not perform well. This work is based on 17 storms occurring between September 1998 and November 2000 in an area including part of the Alenquer river hydrographical basin. Based on these data, the work aims to investigate the importance of the parameters estimation method to the accuracy of mean area precipitation estimates. It was possible to conclude that the distribution‐free estimation methods produce, in general, better mean area rainfall estimates than the maximum likelihood. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rate, Place, and Pitch with Tonebursts

For 4800-Hz tonebursts, different patterns of tonebursts tend to match on toneburst rate at rates up to around 300 tonebursts/sec and on fundamental frequency at rates of 600 tonebursts/sec or higher. In the range in which match is on toneburst rate, judgment by subjects with musical training can be grossly wrong as to musical interval and pitch. An interval of a major third can be perceived as near a semitone.
THE EXACT SOLUTIONS FOR THE NATURAL FREQUENCIES AND MODE SHAPES OF NON-UNIFORM BEAMS WITH MULTIPLE SPRING–MASS SYSTEMS

Abstract For a beam carrying n spring–mass systems, if the left side and right side of each attaching point and each end of the beam are regarded as nodes, then considering the compatibility of deformations and the equilibrium of forces between the two adjacent beam segments at each attaching point and incorporating with the equation of motion for each spring–mass system, simultaneous equations may be obtained for the ν th attaching point, where the unknowns for the simultaneous equations are composed of the integration constants for the eigenfunctions of the νth and (ν+1)th beam segments and the associated modal displacements of theν th sprung mass. It is evident that if these unknowns are considered as the nodal displacements, then the coefficient matrix of the simultaneous equations will be equivalent to the element stiffness matrix for the ν th attaching point (associated with the ν th and (ν+1)th beam segments). In view of the last fact, one may use the numerical assembly method (NAM) for the conventional finite element method to obtain the overall simultaneous equations for the overall (n) attaching points (associated with the overall (n+1) beam segments) by taking into account the boundary conditions of the whole beam. The solutions for the coefficient determinant of the overall simultaneous equations to be equal to zero will give the “exact” natural frequencies of the constrained beam (carrying multiple (n) spring–mass systems) and the substitution of each corresponding values of the integration constants into the associated eigenfunctions for each attaching point will determine the corresponding mode shapes. Since no discretization on the continuous beam was made in the present approach (NAM), the natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes obtained are the exact ones.
Relating magnetic field strengths to hard X-ray emission in solar flares

The observation of hard X-ray (HXR) emission in solar flares provides important diagnostic information about the acceleration and subsequent transport of energetic electrons in the flare process. However, while hard X-rays are thought to be emitted from the flare footpoints through thick-target bremsstrahlung interactions, the details of the transport of accelerated electrons through the solar atmosphere still remains unclear. Trapping of the electrons is one particular effect that is expected to occur as a result of the convergence of the magnetic field between the corona and the chromosphere. In this case the brightness of the HXR footpoints should be related to the strength of the magnetic field present and we would expect greater precipitation and higher HXR intensities at the footpoints with lower magnetic field strength. This relationship has been observed to hold in many flares (see Sakao 1994) but interestingly the opposite relationship, where the stronger HXR source is found at the stronger magnetic field region, has also been observed in an event studied by Asai et al. (2002). Using Data from Yohkoh's Hard X-Ray Telescope (HXT) and SOHO's Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) we have studied the magnetic field strengths at the footpoints of a sample of 32 flares and have compared them to the hard X-ray brightness to determine whether the expected ratios are seen. We find that contrary to the expected relationship the brighter HXR footpoint is found in the region of stronger magnetic field in approximately one third of our sample of events. We discuss the implications of these results in terms of the transport mechanisms.
Plasmon-polariton waves guided by thin lossy metal films of finite width: Bound modes of asymmetric structures

The purely bound electromagnetic modes of propagation supported by asymmetric waveguide structures, comprised of a thin lossy metal film of finite width on a dielectric substrate and covered by a different dielectric superstrate, have been characterized at optical wavelengths. The dispersion of the modes with film thickness and width has been assessed and the effects caused by varying the difference between the superstrate and substrate dielectric constants on the characteristics of the modes have been determined. The modes are quite different from those supported by corresponding slab structures or similar finite-width symmetric waveguides. Unlike these limiting cases, the dispersion with film thickness can exhibit an unusual oscillatory character which is explained by a switching or swapping of the constituent interface modes. In addition, the four fundamental modes supported can evolve such that none has a diminishing attenuation with diminishing film thickness. This rather complex evolution of modes is unique to asymmetric finite-width structures. Under certain conditions, a long-ranging mode having a field distribution that is suitable to excitation using an end-fire technique can be supported. The long-ranging mode has a cutoff thickness below which it is no longer propagated, and its attenuation near cutoff decreases very rapidly, much more so than the attenuation related to the long-ranging mode in a comparable symmetric waveguide. Furthermore, its cutoff thickness is larger than that of the ${s}_{b}$ mode in the corresponding asymmetric slab waveguide, which implies that decreasing the film width increases the sensitivity of the mode to the asymmetry in the structure. This result is interesting and potentially useful in that the propagation characteristics of the mode can be affected by a smaller change in the dielectric constant of the substrate or superstrate compared with the ${s}_{b}$ mode guided by the corresponding slab structure.
An Asymptotically Optimal Bandit Algorithm for Bounded Support Models.

Multiarmed bandit problem is a typical example of a dilemma between exploration and exploitation in reinforcement learning. This problem is expressed as a model of a gambler playing a slot machine with multiple arms. We study stochastic bandit problem where each arm has a reward distribution supported in a known bounded interval, e.g. [0, 1]. In this model, Auer et al. (2002) proposed practical policies called UCB and derived finite-time regret of UCB policies. However, policies achieving the asymptotic bound given by Burnetas and Katehakis (1996) have been unknown for the model. We propose Deterministic Minimum Empirical Divergence (DMED) policy and prove that DMED achieves the asymptotic bound. Furthermore, the index used in DMED for choosing an arm can be computed easily by a convex optimization technique. Although we do not derive a finite-time regret, we confirm by simulations that DMED achieves a regret close to the asymptotic bound in finite time.
A segmented regression model for event history data: an application to the fertility patterns in Italy

We propose a segmented discrete-time model for the analysis of event history data in demographic research. Through a unified regression framework, the model provides estimates of the effects of explanatory variables and jointly accommodates flexibly non-proportional differences via segmented relationships. The main appeal relies on ready availability of parameters, changepoints, and slopes, which may provide meaningful and intuitive information on the topic. Furthermore, specific linear constraints on the slopes may also be set to investigate particular patterns. We investigate the intervals between cohabitation and first childbirth and from first to second childbirth using individual data for Italian women from the Second National Survey on Fertility. The model provides insights into dramatic decrease of fertility experienced in Italy, in that it detects a ‘common’ tendency in delaying the onset of childbearing for the more recent cohorts and a ‘specific’ postponement strictly depending on the educational level and age at cohabitation.
Multivariate mixtures of Polya trees for modeling ROC data

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves provide a graphical measure of diagnostic test accuracy. Because ROC curves are determined using the distributions of diagnostic test outcomes for noninfected and infected populations, there is an increasing trend to develop flexible models for these component distributions. We present methodology for joint nonparametric estimation of several ROC curves from multivariate serologic data. We develop an empirical Bayes approach that allows for arbitrary noninfected and infected component distributions that are modelled using Bayesian multivariate mixtures of finite Polya trees priors. Robust, data-driven inferences forROCcurves and the area under the curve are obtained, and a straightforward method for testing a Dirichlet process versus a more general Polya tree model is presented. Computational challenges can arise when using Polya trees to model large multivariate data sets that exhibit clustering. We discuss and implement practical procedures for addressing these obstacles, which are applied to bivariate data used to evaluate the performances of two ELISA tests for detection of Johne's disease.
Rudimentary Effects of Emblematic Gust Excitations on the Lift Performance of Coaxial Helicopter Rotor Blades

Article history: Received 25 February 2018 Received in revised form 13 March 2018 Accepted 7 April 2018 Available online 15 April 2018 Aerodynamic valuation plays an imperative role in understanding the characteristic response of a helicopter with respect to the airflow. Understanding the airflow around the helicopter is much more challenging compared to the flow field around a fixedwing aircraft. The situation becomes even more convoluted when environmental turbulences are introduced in the scene such as the gust wind loading, which is one of the most catastrophic commotions. Refereeing to the obvious, this study took out this daunting task to actually generate artificial gust and study its effects on the main rotor airflow physiognomies of a coaxially configured subscale helicopter. Quantitative data congregated by measuring the rotor induced airspeed underneath the rotor blades, which is quintessentially the lift/thrust, have revealed intriguing outcomes. The implementations of various strengths of active robust gust have caused the helicopter to experience half-hearted rolling motion pared with the incremental loss of altitude during hover. For forward flight, this investigation reveals the helicopter distinctively lost cruising speed along with the altitude as well when subjected to the gust. During hover and forward flight conditions, results depict that lift is decreased about 33% when subjected to the gust. These findings are alleged to be valuable for future research and development in the rotorcraft industry.
Oral Hygiene Level of Down Syndrome Children in Bandung City

Oral hygiene is an important factor in supporting dental and oral health as well as the whole body health. Down Syndrome (DS) is a genetical anomaly in the form of Chromosome 21 triplication that might cause retardation of physical growth and development and also mental retardation. The aim of this study was to find out the level of oral hygiene of DS children in Bandung. This was a descriptive study using survey technique. The samples were 30 DS children from a School of Handicapped Children (SLB) in Bandung, collected by multistage cluster sampling. Clinical examination on the subjects using OHI-S Greene and Vermillion index. The result showed, of the 30 DS children/subject, 18 (60%) had poor oral hygiene; 10 (33.3%) had moderate, and only 2 (6.67%) had good oral hygiene. The level of oral hygiene of DS children in Bandung was 3.10. It concluded that the oral hygiene of DS children in Bandung is
Resonance frequencies of the recorder (English flute)

The passive resonance frequencies of the alto recorder have been measured and compared with the frequencies of blown notes. The acoustic reactance of the opening from the windway to the tone‐generating edge, i.e., the window, was determined experimentally, as a function of frequency over the playing range. The window is found to act like an open extension of the recorder, about 35‐mm long for the middle frequency range. A compact theoretical treatment of perturbations from an ’’ideal’’ recorder is given, and used to calculate the blown and passive resonance frequencies. The results of the calculation are compared to the experimental frequencies. The typical deviation between theory and experiment is of the order of 12 cents (0.7%).
Relationships-and the Lack Thereof- Between Economic Time Series, with Special Reference to Money and Interest Rates

Abstract Extensions of time-series modeling procedures of Box and Jenkins [5] reveal that numerous economic variables which are generally regarded as being strongly interrelated may with equal validity, based on recent empirical evidence, be regarded as independent or only weakly related. Differences between these results and the bulk of econometric literature are attributed to the failure of the latter to satisfactorily account for autocorrelation. Due to limitations in the data, it is concluded that in many instances where economic relationships clearly do exist, econometric or other empirical means cannot reliably enable their existence to be ascertained.
A smooth optical superlens

We demonstrate a smooth and low loss silver (Ag) optical superlens capable of resolving features at 1/12th of the illumination wavelength with high fidelity. This is made possible by utilizing state-of-the-art nanoimprint technology and intermediate wetting layer of germanium (Ge) for the growth of flat silver films with surface roughness at subnanometer scales. Our measurement of the resolved lines of 30 nm half-pitch shows a full-width at half-maximum better than 37 nm, in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. The development of this unique optical superlens leads promise to parallel imaging and nanofabrication in a single snapshot.
Low damping in epitaxial sputtered iron films

We show that sputtered, pure epitaxial iron films can have high-frequency loss as low as, or lower than, any known metallic ferromagnetic heterostructure. Minimum 34GHz ferromagnetic resonance linewidths of 41±2Oe are demonstrated, some ∼5%–10% lower than the previous minimum reported for molecular beam epitaxially deposited Fe. Intrinsic and extrinsic damping have been separated over 0–40GHz, giving a lower bound for intrinsic LL(G) relaxation rates of λ or G=85±5MHz (α=0.0027±0.0001) and for extrinsic η∼30–50MHz. Swept-frequency measurements indicate the potential for integrated frequency domain devices with Q>100 at 30–40Ghz.
Simulation of Different Rib Shapes in Square Channel

SIMULATION OF DIFFERENT RIB SHAPES IN SQUARE CHANNEL MD SAHEDUL ISLAM 2018 This study investigates heat transfer and pressure drop for rib-roughened square channel without bleed. To optimize the shape of rib, CFD tools were used to model and simulate channel flow with a variety of rib angles and geometries. To validate simulations and determine the turbulence model, experimental results for two-pass channels with ribs at 45 ̊ angles with BR = 0 and Re = 25,000 was compared. It was found after conducting simulations with different turbulence models that SST turbulence model gave the best results.
Surface morphology and molecular conformation for ultrathin lubricant films with functional end groups

Using molecular simulation techniques based on a coarse-grained, bead-spring model, we examined the static and dynamic properties of linear perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs) in a nanoscale lubricant film on a solid wall. The conformation of the PFPEs, as predicted by the anisotropic radius of gyration, exhibits an oblate structure near the wall, but recovers a spherical shape as the distance from the wall increases. The density profile of the functional end groups for the PFPE molecules shows a characteristic oscillation as a function of the distance from the wall, indicating molecular layering. We also used the simulated surface morphology to examine the PFPE film roughness. Our preliminary dynamic simulations indicate that the wall interaction produces an anisotropy in the self-diffusion coefficient.