Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Human Microbiotas in Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Organ Transplantation

The human microbiota heavily influences most vital aspects of human physiology including organ transplantation outcomes and transplant rejection risk. A variety of organ transplantation scenarios such as lung and heart transplantation as well as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is heavily influenced by the human microbiotas. The human microbiota refers to a rich, diverse, and complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, archaea, helminths, protozoans, parasites, and viruses. Research accumulating over the past decade has established the existence of complex cross-species, cross-kingdom interactions between the residents of the various human microbiotas and the human body. Since the gut microbiota is the densest, most popular, and most studied human microbiota, the impact of other human microbiotas such as the oral, lung, urinary, and genital microbiotas is often overshadowed. However, these microbiotas also provide critical and unique insights pertaining to transplantation success, rejection risk, and overall host health, across multiple different transplantation scenarios. Organ transplantation as well as the pre-, peri-, and post-transplant pharmacological regimens patients undergo is known to adversely impact the microbiotas, thereby increasing the risk of adverse patient outcomes. Over the past decade, holistic approaches to post-transplant patient care such as the administration of clinical and dietary interventions aiming at restoring deranged microbiota community structures have been gaining momentum. Examples of these include prebiotic and probiotic administration, fecal microbial transplantation, and bacteriophage-mediated multidrug-resistant bacterial decolonization. This review will discuss these perspectives and explore the role of different human microbiotas in the context of various transplantation scenarios.
I’ll Do It – After One More Scroll: The Effects of Boredom Proneness, Self-Control, and Impulsivity on Online Procrastination

Procrastination is a common phenomenon. With the increasing ubiquity of new media, research has started to investigate the ways in which these technologies are used as alternatives to task engagement. This paper extends the literature by examining procrastinatory uses of social media, instant messaging, and online shopping with respect to boredom proneness, self-control, and impulsivity among German and Turkish samples. Regression analyses revealed that boredom proneness, self-control, and the perseverance facet of impulsivity are especially significant predictors of online procrastination in both samples. The results between the two studies differ in terms of impulsivity. The findings of this paper highlight the thus far understudied role of boredom proneness and various aspects of impulsivity in online procrastination, and demonstrate that social media procrastination, instant messaging procrastination, and shopping procrastination tendencies likely have distinct underlying mechanisms.
Tumor-Associated Microenvironment of Adult Gliomas: A Review

The glioma-associated tumor microenvironment involves a multitude of different cells ranging from immune cells to endothelial, glial, and neuronal cells surrounding the primary tumor. The interactions between these cells and glioblastoma (GBM) have been deeply investigated while very little data are available on patients with lower-grade gliomas. In these tumors, it has been demonstrated that the composition of the microenvironment differs according to the isocitrate dehydrogenase status (mutated/wild type), the presence/absence of codeletion, and the expression of specific alterations including H3K27 and/or other gene mutations. In addition, mechanisms by which the tumor microenvironment sustains the growth and proliferation of glioma cells are still partially unknown. Nonetheless, a better knowledge of the tumor-associated microenvironment can be a key issue in the optic of novel therapeutic drug development.
The Blood Immune Cell Count, Immunoglobulin, Inflammatory Factor, and Milk Trace Element in Transition Cows and Calves Were Altered by Increasing the Dietary n-3 or n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels

Transition dairy cows experience sudden changes in both metabolic and immune functions, which lead to many diseases in postpartum cows. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor and guarantee the nutritional and healthy status of transition cows. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of diet enriched in n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on colostrum composition and blood immune index of multiparous Holstein cows and neonatal calves during the transition period. Forty-five multiparous Holstein dairy cows at 240 days of pregnancy were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 isoenergetic and isoprotein diets: 1) CON, hydrogenated fatty acid (control), 1% of hydrogenated fatty acid [diet dry matter (DM) basis] during prepartum and postpartum, respectively; 2) HN3, 3.5% of extruding flaxseed (diet DM basis, n-3 PUFA source); 3) HN6, 8% of extruding soybeans (diet DM basis, C18:2n-6 PUFA source). Diets containing n-3 and n-6 PUFA sources decreased colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration but did not significantly change the colostrum IgG yield compared with those with CON. The commercial milk yield (from 14 to 28 days after calving) was higher in the HN3 and HN6 than that in the CON. Furthermore, the n-3 PUFA source increased neutrophil cell counts in blood during the prepartum period and increased neutrophil percentage during the postpartum period when compared with those with control treatment. Diets containing supplemental n-3 PUFA decreased the serum concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β in maternal cows compared with those in control and n-6 PUFA during prepartum and postpartum. In addition, the neonatal calf serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was decreased in HN3 compared with that in the HN6 treatment. The diet with the n-3 PUFA source could potentially increase the capacity of neutrophils to defend against pathogens in maternal cows by increasing the neutrophil numbers and percentage during the transition period. Meanwhile, the diet with n-3 PUFA source could decrease the pro-inflammatary cytokine IL-1β of maternal cows during the transition period and decline the content of pro-inflammatary cytokine TNF of neonatal calves. It suggested that the highest milk production in n-3 PUFA treatment may partially be due to these beneficial alterations.
Abdominal Adipose Tissue Associates With Adiponectin and TNFα in Middle-Aged Healthy Men

Introduction Adipokines are highly active biopeptides involved in glucose metabolism, insulin regulation and the development and progression of obesity and its associated diseases. It includes, among others, adiponectin, visfatin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). The sources of adipokines and their associations with glucometabolic variables are not completely understood. Aim In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate whether gene expression levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of selected adipokines and their corresponding circulating levels associate with the amount of AT in superficial (sSAT), deep (dSAT) and visceral AT (VAT), assessed by computed tomography (CT). Any association with glucometabolic variables were also explored. Methods In 103 healthy Caucasian men, aged 39.5 years, fasting venous blood and SAT samples from the gluteal region were collected. Ninety-four of the participants underwent CT assessment of the abdominal AT, which was divided into VAT, sSAT and dSAT. Circulating levels of adipokines were measured by ELISA and AT gene-expression by PCR. Insulin sensitivity was determined by glucose clamp, assessing glucose disposal rate (GDR). Results Circulating adiponectin and TNFα gene expression correlated inversely and positively to the amount of AT in all three compartments (r=-0.266 to -0.276, p<0.05 for all) and (r=0.323 - 0.368, p<0.05 for all), respectively, with strongest correlations to the amount in sSAT and dSAT. When dividing AT compartments into quartiles, a tendency was observed towards lower circulating adiponectin and higher TNFα gene expression levels, respectively, with increasing amount of sSAT and dSAT. Circulating adiponectin correlated inversely to insulin, C-peptide and waist circumference (r=-456 to -0.373, p<0.001) and positively to GDR (r=0.356, p<0.001). AT-expressed visfatin correlated inversely to insulin and C-peptide (r=-0.370 and r=-0.404, p<0.001). Conclusion Increased amount of AT is associated with lower levels of adiponectin and increased levels of TNFα AT expression.
Characterization of the Immune Cell Infiltration Landscape in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background Immunotherapy has achieved remarkable efficacy in treating oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, this treatment has limited efficacy in some patients. An increasing number of evidence suggested that immune cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME) are strongly related to immunotherapy response and patient prognosis. Thus, the landscape of immune cell infiltration (ICI) in ESCC needs to be mapped. Methods In the study, the ICI pattern in 206 cases of ESCC was characterised by two algorithms, namely, CIBERSORT and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). The ICI score of each specimen was calculated by principal component analysis (PCA) according to ICI signature genes A (ICISGA) and B (ICISGB). The prognostic difference was evaluated by using the Kaplan–Meier method. The related pathways of ICI score were investigated by applying gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The R packages of ‘regplot’, ‘timeROC’ and ‘rms’ were applied for the construction of nomogram model. Result Three TME subtypes were identified with no prognostic implication. A total of 333 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among immune subtypes were determined, among which ICISGA and ICISGB were identified. Finally, ICI scores were constructed, and the patients were grouped into high or low ICI score group. Compared with the low ICI score group, the high ICI score group had better prognosis. GSEA revealed that the high ICI score group referred to multiple signalling pathways, including B cell receptor, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, NOD-like receptor and TGF-β signalling pathways. In addition, the nomogram model was constructed to evaluate 1-, 3- and 5-year probability of death in an ESCC patient. The ROC and calibration curves indicated that the model has a good discrimination ability. Conclusion We depicted a comprehensive ICI landscape in ESCC. ICI score may be used as a predictor of survival rate, which may be helpful for guiding immunotherapy in the future.
Generating Distributional Adversarial Examples to Evade Statistical Detectors

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to be highly vulnerable to adversarial examples (AEs) that include malicious perturbations. Assumptions about the statistical differences between natural and adversarial inputs are commonplace in many detection techniques. As a best practice, AE detectors are evaluated against adaptive attackers who actively perturb their inputs to avoid detection. Due to the difficulties in designing adaptive attacks, however, recent work suggests that most detectors have incomplete evaluation. We aim to fill this gap by designing a generic adaptive attack against detectors: the statistical indistinguisha-bility attack (SIA). SIA optimizes a novel objec-tive to craft adversarial examples (AEs) that follow the same distribution as the natural inputs with respect to DNN representations. Our objec-tive targets all DNN layers simultaneously as we show that AEs being indistinguishable at one layer might fail to be so at other layers. SIA is formulated around evading distributional detectors that inspect a set of AEs as a whole and is also effective against four individual AE detectors, two dataset shift detectors, and an out-of-distribution sample detector, curated from published works. This suggests that SIA can be a reliable tool for evaluating the security of a range of detectors.
Printed ID Facial Image Steganography to Prevent Photograph Substitution Attack

: IDs and MRTDs (Identification and Machine-Readable Travel Documents) are used to perceive and authenticate identities in numerous situations which include crossing countrywide borders, in civil applications, income and shopping portals, or admission to transaction processing structures. These files have numerous safety functions which mitigate and fight record forgery. As those safety structures are tough to circumvent, crook assaults on ID verification structures are actually specializing in fraudulently acquiring true files and the manipulation of the facial portraits. To lessen dangers associated with this fraud problem, it's far essential the ones governments and producer of IDs and MRTDs constantly increase and enhance safety measures. With this in mind, we introduce the primary green steganography method StegoFace is an cease-to-cease facial photo steganography version this is fashioned through n Deep Convolutional Auto Encoder, that could cover a mystery message in a face portrait and, hence, generating the stego facial photo, and a Deep Convolutional Auto Decoder, that's capable of study a message from the stego facial photo.
DETERMINANTS OF ADOPTION OF RECOMMENDED IRISH POTATO ( Solanum tuberosum ) PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES BY SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

The study assessed the determinants of adoption of recommended Irish Potato production technologies by small scale farmers in northern agricultural zone of Plateau State. A total of 150 farmers were drawn through multistage sampling procedure for the study. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The mean age of the respondents was 45 years. Most respondents (55.3%) were female, implying that women invested more into Irish potato production than their male counterpart. A vast majority (98%) of the respondents had some form of education qualification in the study area. The mean years of farming experience was 23 years, with mean household size of 9 persons. Farmers had mean total land size of 3.2 hectares and mean of 1.7 hectares of farm land allocated for Irish potato farming. The mean annual income of farmers was estimated at N 895,800. The predictors that significantly determined the adoption of recommended Irish potato production technologies were age, number of extension contacts and level of education. It was recommended that deliberate and consistent intensification and diversification of Nigeria’s public extension is pertinent be engaged in by stakeholders in the private sector and government.
Effective Exact Solution Framework for Routing Optimization with Time Windows and Travel Time Uncertainty

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Perfil do idoso vítima de trauma atendido em uma Unidade de Urgência e Emergência

The objective of this study was to identify the epidemiological profile of elderly victims assisted at the Emergency unit of a university hospital. This is a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Data treatment was performed using descriptive statistics, charts and tables. Most victims lived in de Campinas (93.5%) and were females (66.7%) with ages between 70 and 74, and presented comorbidities (77.8%), of which arterial hypertension was the most common. As for the type of accident that resulted in the trauma, the highest incidence was falling from their own height (79.6%). The resulting lesions were characterized by the predominance of superficial lesions (22.7%) followed by mild brain injury (15.1%). As to the victim's destination in the first 24 hours, 49.1% were discharged and 22.2% were admitted for surgery.
Dificuldades no aleitamento materno e influência no desmame precoce

El estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar el tiempo medio de la lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) de ninos nacidos en Hospital Amigo da Crianza (IHAC) y correlacionar con las variabais: estado civil, edad materna, peso del bebe, dificultades en la lactancia orientaciones recibidas. Se trata de estudio de coorte con muestra de 225 madres entrevistadas en el puerperio mediato y en el 15o, 30o, 60o, 120o y 180o dias despues del alta, por telefono. El monitoreo del LME demostro mediana de 113dias y que 34,1% de las madres que lactaran exclusivamente por 180 dias. Hubo correlacion estadisticamente significativa entre el tiempo de LME y la variable dificultad en la lactancia. No hube correlacion entre el tiempo de LME y las variabais: estado civil; edad materna; peso del recien-nacido y orientaciones recibidas. Hubo diferencia significativamente mayor de desmame a los 60 dias en las mujeres que tuvieron dificultad en la pre-alta. El estudio demostro la influencia positiva de la IHAC en la adhesion de las madres al LME.
Digital Acceleration radiation and the Planck scale Acceleration radiation and the Planck scale

A uniformly accelerating observer perceives the Minkowski vacuum state as a thermal bath of radiation. We point out that this ﬁeld-theory eﬀect can be derived, for any dimension higher than two, without actually invoking very high energy physics. This supports the view that this phenomenon is robust against Planck-scale physics and, therefore, should be compatible with any underlying microscopic theory.
COVID-19 pandemic effects on the mental health of an academic community

Objective: To identify COVID-19 pandemic effects on mental health in an academic community from a federal university. Methods: Transversal study carried out with 586 individuals from the academic community from the Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre. We elaborated an online multiple-choice questionnaire hosted in the RedCap platform. We elaborated the questionnaire based on a guide content, which addresses the main considerations of mental health during the pandemic. Aspects of mental health, such as anguish, irritability, among others, were the outcome evaluated. We carried out the statistical analysis in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software and the association between variables was evaluated through the Chi-square test and the student T-test. The signifi cance level adopted was 5%. Results: 586 individuals participated: 81% women, 72,8% Exploratory, transversal, and quantitative study, The transversal the direct observation of a sample of in a single 58,2% of minimum 5 90,3% most of of
Exploring Long-Horizon Reasoning with Deep RL in Combinatorially Hard Tasks

Deep reinforcement learning has shown promise in discrete domains requiring complex reasoning, including games such as Chess, Go, and Hanabi. However, this type of reasoning is less often observed in long-horizon, continuous domains with high-dimensional observations, where instead RL research has predominantly focused on problems with simple high-level structure (e.g. opening a drawer or moving a robot as fast as possible). Inspired by combinatorially hard optimization problems, we propose a set of robotics tasks which admit many distinct solutions at the high-level, but require reasoning about states and rewards thousands of steps into the future for the best performance. Critically, while RL has traditionally suffered on complex, long-horizon tasks due to sparse rewards, our tasks are carefully designed to be solvable without specialized exploration. Nevertheless, our investigation finds that standard RL methods often neglect long-term effects due to discounting, while general-purpose hierarchical RL approaches struggle unless additional abstract domain knowledge can be exploited.
DAVINZ: Data Valuation using Deep Neural Networks at Initialization

Recent years have witnessed a surge of interest in developing trustworthy methods to evaluate the value of data in many real-world applications (e.g., collaborative machine learning, data mar-ketplaces). Existing data valuation methods typically valuate data using the generalization performance of converged machine learning models after their long-term model training, hence making data valuation on large complex deep neural networks (DNNs) unaffordable. To this end, we theoretically derive a domain-aware generalization bound to estimate the generalization performance of DNNs without model training. We then exploit this theoretically derived generalization bound to develop a novel training-free data valuation method named data valuation at initialization (D A V INZ ) on DNNs, which consistently achieves remarkable effectiveness and efﬁciency in practice. Moreover, our training-free D A V INZ , surprisingly, can even theoretically and empirically enjoy the desirable properties that training-based data valuation methods usually attain, thus making it more trustworthy in practice.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF STRESS TEST FOR DETERMINING SAFETY OF PARTICIPATION IN STRENGTH TRAINING

Suitability for safe participation in aerobic exercise is typically determined by a cardiopulmonary exercise test, using a treadmill or cycle. With increased participation in strength training by healthy clients as well as rehabilitation patients, there is a need to develop a test for determining suitability for safe participation in strength training. This investigation describes a strength stress test that may be used for determining safety of participation in strength training. Ten healthy subjects (28.3 ± 5.9 years and 75.3 ± 14.4 kg) with strength training experience participated. Following a resting echocardiogram, subjects performed 3 sets of leg presses at an 8 repetition maximum. Resting and exercise end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were obtained during the last repetition of each set and were indexed for body surface area (ESVI, EDVI). Ejection fraction, cardiac output, and stroke volume were calculated. Cardiac output increased significantly (p < 0.05) for each set in comparison to rest and also during the third set in comparison to sets 1 and 2. Ejection fraction increased, whereas ESVI and EDVI decreased significantly for each set compared to rest, and also during sets 2 and 3 when compared to set 1. Responses to sets 2 and 3 indicate increased cardiac stress with increasing sets to exhaustion analogous to changes observed during tests designed to assess anaerobic and aerobic power. Thus, this protocol may be used as a test for evaluating the ability to participate in modest strength training consistent with exercise prescriptions developed for participants of health clubs and rehabilitation facilities. Strength testing protocol described may be adapted and modified for evaluating other lifts such as arm work and job-related tasks.
Further Analysis on Triple Mode Powertrain for HEV

With addition of two clutches, a two driving mode powertrain is modified into a triple mode powertrain, which provides three different driving modes including pure electric driving mode, power split driving mode, parallel hybrid driving mode. It can be operated in proper mode according to real vehicle demand. The detail analysis on its operation and mode change are presented for understanding its working principle.