Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional constraints on Sphagnum‐growth and potential decay in northern peatlands

1 In a 4‐year fertilization experiment we studied the effects of increased nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) supply on productivity and potential decay in the acrotelm of Sphagnum‐dominated Swedish peatlands at northern (low atmospheric N input: low‐N site) and southern (high atmospheric N input: high‐N site) sites. 2 During the experimental period, there was a severe summer drought at the high‐N site which led to strong limitations on Sphagnum growth, especially in the fertilized treatments. There were no significant effects of the nutrient treatments on cumulative length growth and productivity at either site. There were, however, significant effects of site and nutrient treatment on nutritional variables of the Sphagnum species. 3 Nitrogen concentration in living capitula was lower, but P concentration was higher at the low‐N site than at the high‐N site. However, at both sites N and P concentration in the living capitula showed only minor responses to the nutrient additions. 4 Litter chemistry variables differed significantly among sites and treatments. Sphagnum litter had lower N concentration, higher P concentration, a higher C : N ratio, a lower C : P ratio and a lower N : P ratio at the low‐N site. Litter chemistry was significantly affected by the nutrient treatments only at the high‐N site, where litter P concentrations increased significantly in the P‐fertilized treatment, whereas C : P and N : P ratios showed a significant reduction. 5 Although potential rates of decay of Sphagnum litter were higher at the high‐N site than at the low‐N site, they were not significantly affected by nutrient additions. Potential decay rates did, however, show significant relations with all the litter chemistry variables we had determined. 6 An increase in nitrogen input to Sphagnum‐dominated bogs appears to lead to higher N concentrations in litter and, as a result of dilution, to lower P concentrations. This change in litter chemistry leads to a higher potential decay rate of the litter and this may seriously affect the carbon balance in the acrotelm of these systems. 7 Our results also show that carbon balance characteristics of Sphagnum bogs can be strongly affected by unpredictable extreme climatic conditions. This suggests that the occurrence and consequences of these events need more attention when long‐term responses of ecosystems to global change are studied.
Inactivation of Stachybotrys chartarum grown on gypsum board using aerosolized chemical agents

Aerosolized disinfectant use has appealing qualities for inactivation and remediation of biologically contaminated materials. Their ability to reach exterior and interior spaces of walls and difficult to access areas has potential as a simple and cost effective remediation technique. Stachybotrys chartarum was used as a test organism against four disinfectants: chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, thiabendazole, and cupric sulfate – sodium hydroxide solution. Tests were conducted independently. The organism was exposed for 4 and 8 h periods to the aerosolized disinfectant. The building material was commercially available gypsum board with paper facing. This material was inoculated under sterile conditions. The commercially available treatments were administered as aerosols generated from a collison nebulizer directed into a sterile growth chamber housing inoculated gypsum board. Surface samples were collected before and after exposures to determine treatment effects. The aerosolized chlorine dioxide and.
Voluntary Disclosure

The paper investigates incentives for firms to voluntarily disclose private information about future outcomes. A voluntary disclosure model that encompasses a competitive product market equilibrium and where proprietary (disclosure costs) costs are endogenously determined is presented. Possible explanations for empirical phenomena such as why value-maximizing firms voluntarily disclose unfavorable information (disclosures that cause investors to lower their expectations of firm earnings) when such disclosures tend to result in significant market price declines is provided. Existence of a unique Nash equilibrium where firms exercise discretion over such disclosures is demonstrated, and implications for extant empirical research on voluntary disclosures are discussed.
2,6-Xylidinium nitrate

The structure of the title organic–inorganic hybrid material, C8H12N+·NO3−, results mainly from electrostatic inter­actions and bifurcated N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Organic 2,6-xylidinium cations and inorganic nitrate anions inter­act to form a three-dimensional hydrogen-bond network.
Prospective and retrospective duration memory in the hippocampus: is time in the foreground or background?

Psychologists have long distinguished between prospective and retrospective timing to highlight the difference between our sense of duration during an experience in passing and our sense of duration in hindsight. Humans and other animals use prospective timing in the seconds-to-minutes range in order to learn durations, and can organize their behaviour based upon this knowledge when they know that duration information will be important ahead of time. By contrast, when durations are estimated after the fact, thus precluding the subject from consciously attending to temporal information, duration information must be extracted from other memory representations. The accumulated evidence from prospective timing research has generally led to the hippocampus (HPC) being casted in a supporting role with prefrontal–striatal, cortical or cerebellar circuits playing the lead. Here, I review findings from the animal and human literature that have led to this conclusion and consider that the contribution of the HPC to duration memory is understated because we have little understanding about how we remember duration.
Publication patterns of U.S. academic librarians from 1998 to 2002

This study examines the contributions of U.S. academic librarians to the peer-reviewed literature of library and information science (LIS). Compared to the authors’ study of thirty-two journals for 1993–1997, the present study finds that for 1998–2002, there were declines in the total number of refereed articles (almost 4%), number of refereed articles by academic librarians (almost 13%), proportion of refereed articles by academic librarians (just over 4%), proportion of academic librarian authors (almost 3%), and proportion of coauthored articles by academic librarians (almost 4%). Because different factors influence rates of authorship in a given set of journals and these rates tend to fluctuate in the short term, only further investigation can assess whether the declines are momentary or the start of a trend. Approximately 7 percent of academic librarians wrote three or more articles. The twenty most productive libraries published more than 10 percent of all refereed articles in the thirty-two journals and nearly one-third of the articles by academic librarians.
Islamic Feminism: The Challenges and Choices of Reinterpreting Sexual Ethics in Islamic Tradition

Abstract Despite what the furore over Uniform Civil Code and more recently Triple Talaq might suggest that Muslim women have very little discursive space to voice their concerns in Indian political arena. Dominant discourses on Islam and gender, including those propagated by Muslim male organisations pose Islam as a monolithic entity completely alien to the modern gender-egalitarian ideals. Feminist movements, on the other hand, hold Islam to be irrelevant at best and an obstacle at worst in promotion of gender-egalitarian norms within the community. There are concerns about the extent to which Islamic feminism can go in its demands for egalitarianism while staying within an Islamic paradigm. This paper contests those assumptions about Islam and women that foreclose any dialogue for change by exploring the role of human interpretative choices in formation and development of the Islamic religious tradition. As demonstrated by feminist exegetes, how religious texts are read is shaped deeply by human contingencies and choices. In Indian scenario, such changes are visible in formation of Muslim personal law as well. Post-independence, political contingencies within the subcontinent made it difficult to revisit the laws resulting in the loss of fluidity in the tradition. As formative scholars’ choices became enshrined in the tradition as authentic and canonical, the human element in the canonical became forgotten. The inertia to review the moral choices made by earlier authors became the hallmark of authenticity and therefore authority within the tradition. This paper argues that appreciating the role of human choices and hermeneutical flexibility involved in the formation of gender norms in Muslim societies throughout the history of Islamic legal tradition might prove effective in resolving moral dilemmas faced by modern Muslims while maintaining continuity with the tradition.
Impact of Excess Auditor Remuneration on the Cost of Equity Capital around the World

This study examines the relation between excess auditor remuneration and the implied required rate of return (IRR hereafter) on equity capital in global markets. We conjecture that when auditor remuneration is excessively large, investors may perceive the auditor to be economically bonded to the client, leading to a lack of independence. This perceived lack of independence increases the information risk associated with the credibility of financial statements, thereby increasing IRR. Consistent with this notion, we find that IRR is increasing in excess auditor remuneration, but only in countries with stronger investor protection. Finding evidence of a relation only in stronger investor protection countries is consistent with the more prominent role of audited financial statements for investors' decisions in these countries. In settings in which investors are less likely to rely on audited financial statements and instead rely on alternative sources of information (i.e., in countries with weaker investor protection), the impact of client-auditor bonding should have less of an effect on investors' decisions.
To study the clinical and radiological outcome of patients with intraarticular or unstable lower end radius fractures treated with ligamentotaxis with external fixator and K wires

Introduction: Treatment for intraarticular lower end radius fractures has been conventionally with closed reduction with plaster /k wires / external fixator or open reduction internal fixation with plate. We thought that by combining external fixator with k wires better anatomical and thus functional results would be obtained. Material and methods: A prospective follow up study was carried out on 50 fresh closed intraarticular or unstable lower end radius at MIMER Medical College Talegaon from June 2014 to May 2018 after taking appropriate consents. Ligamentotaxis with external fixator was combined with k wires under C arm guidance. Patients were followed up at 3,6,9,12 weeks and 6 months clinically and radiographically. Results: Average time for surgery was 34.2 min, radial shortening was less than 4 mm, and hospital stay was 2.3 days. Anatomical assessment was grade l or ll in 96 % patients. Good to excellent results by Lindstrom's criteria was there in 78% patients. Conclusion: Combining external fixator with k wire fixation gives well to excellent results in majority of patients with unstable intraarticular distal end radius fractures without significant complications and with a short hospital stay.
Sensitive and specific detection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in soil using a rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

One pair of primers was designed based on the sequence of tmr locus for specific and sensitive detection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Only the A. tumefaciens strain can produce the 236bp target fragment among the fourteen bacterial species that tested. The sensitivity of the specific PCR system was determined by a nested-PCR amplification which can numbered the copies of the template DNA. According to the results, it can give positive band when only 100 copies were in the template. The protocol was carried out for detection A. tumefaciens of twelve soil samples collected from six different gardens in Shanghai where crown gall happened. Two of the samples which collected from symptomless gardens also give the positive band. Based on the results we can make a conclusion that this pair of primers can be a useful tool in detecting A. tumefaciens, especially in detecting latent infection of this devastating pathogen. Key words: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, detection, polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
The distribution of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) on year-round chrysanthemums

SUMMARY Four cultivars of chrysanthemum (B.G.A. Tuneful, Giant No. 4 White Indianapolis, Bluechip and Yellow Princess Anne) were infested with Myzus persicae (Sulz.) in an insect-proof glasshouse. Four weeks of rapid reproduction led to temporary overpopulation, but the mean density was soon regulated to a constant level by the production of alatae. When the density was highest, the same proportion of alatae was produced in all regions of the plants and on all cultivars, regardless of population density at the site of eclosion. This was thought to be due to the rapid state of flux in the entire population. Pronounced varietal differences developed in the size and distribution of populations, Tuneful supporting six times as many aphids as Princess Anne. Vertical distribution of aphids on the plants differed not only with cultivar, but also according to the population density and the developmental stage of the plant. A complete redistribution occurred as the density stabilized, revealing further varietal characteristics. The youngest leaves were always the most attractive to the aphids, and preference was frequently shown for their upper surface, particularly on Princess Anne. Short days had little direct effect on the behaviour of the aphids. The induced flowering, however, brought inevitable changes in aphid distribution; populations tended to move upwards towards the flowers, resulting in small, damaged and infested blooms.
Vitamin Requirements of Root Nodule Bacteria

SUMMARY: The vitamin requirements of 63 strains of Rhizobium and 18 of Agrobacterium were examined. R. trifolii, R. leguminosarum and R. phaseoli responded in most cases to thiamine, biotin, and calcium pantothenate. Strains of R. meliloti and the slow-growing rhizobia sometimes responded to biotin, but not to the other vitamins. An unknown growth factor, active for the slow-growing rhizobia, was detected. Three strains of Agrobacterium required thiamine.
A mouse gene on chromosome 5 that restricts infectivity of mink cell focus-forming recombinant murine leukemia viruses

DBA/1, DBA/2, CBA/N, and CBA/Ca mice carry a gene which specifically restricts infectivity of mink cell focus-forming (MCF) murine leukemia viruses. The gene, designated Rmcfr, is dominant or semidominant and maps to chromosome 5; it is closely linked to the morphologic marker gene Hm. The Rmcf gene may be of much use as a means of determining the role of MCF viruses in various forms of leukemogenesis.
A Generic Diagnosis for the Southeast Asian Scincid Lizard Genus Tropidophorus Duméril and Bibron, 1839 with Some Additional Comments on Its Morphology and Distribution

Abstract The scincid genus Tropidophorus is diagnosed by a suite of derived morphological characters, one of which is newly recognized: the corners of the eyelid form within one scale instead of between two. This character occurs elsewhere only in the distantly related Cophoscincopus and may be related to semiaquatic habits of both taxa. For Tropidophorus, we also report a novel arrangement of supraciliary scales in some species, which is potentially useful in inferring intrageneric relationships; a deeply bifurcated hemipenis, confirming the taxon as a member of the Sphenomorphus group of lygosomine skinks; further details of the taxonomic and sexual occurrence of postanal pores in the genus, and the presence of a pale iris, which contrasts with the dark iris of most other members of the Sphenomorphus group. We also note patterns of endemism in the genus and an unusual disjunction in the distribution.
Attitudes to environmental education in Poland

This study analyses attitudes to the natural environment of Polish secondary school pupils from four selected regions of Poland. These were defined as knowledge regarding the environment and actions for the benefit of the natural environment as these result from the fundamentals of the environmental education curriculum track. Other results of the study are discussed and some recommendations made regarding those features that need to be included in formal environmental education in order to maximise pupils' learning outcomes.
SPECIFIC FRACTIONATION OF HUMAN ANTIDEXTRAN ANTIBODIES

Human antidextran of one individual, absorbed specifically on sephadex, was fractionated into two populations of antibody molecules by successive elution with oligosaccharides of the isomaltose series of increasing size. The purified antibody fractions and some whole antidextran sera were found to fix complement with dextrans of molecular weight of 195,000 and above. It could be demonstrated by quantitative microcomplement fixation inhibition assays that the antibody eluted with isomaltotriose had a higher affinity for smaller oligosaccharides relative to isomaltohexaose, indicating a high content of antibody molecules with smaller combining sites, while with the second fraction, eluted with isomaltohexaose, the small haptens were very poor inhibitors and the larger oligosaccharides inhibited readily, presumably due to a higher proportion of molecules with larger combining site size. Assays of similarly prepared fractions, obtained from earlier bleedings of the same individual (1), with inhibition of complement fixation were in good agreement with those obtained by inhibition of precipitation. The two purified antidextran fractions were shown to differ with respect to their complement-fixing capacity. The fraction with molecules with smaller size-combining sites fixed only about half as much complement per unit antibody N as did the fraction containing largely molecules with larger combining sites suggesting that the strength of complement fixation is affected by the strength of the antigen-antibody interaction.
Impact of diuresis and number of exchanges on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis related peritonitis risk in RDPLF registry.

Introduction Peritonitis is still a frequent complication among patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) and it’s associated with a significant morbimortality. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of diuresis volume and number of exchanges (NE) on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) related peritonitis risk. Methods This study was performed with data from the French peritoneal dialysis registry (RDPLF). We included every incident patient in the registry from January 2010 to November 2019 who had at least an adequacy evaluation. Peritonitis risk was assessed firstly by estimating a peritonitis rate per year undergoing PD and secondly by focusing on time to first peritonitis, taking into account competing risks (kidney transplantation, switch to hemodialysis, PD withdrawal whatever the cause or death). Patients whose diuresis was <500mL/24 hours were considered oliguric. Results We included 620 patients in our analysis. The mean age was 72,9 (standard deviation (SD)=15,1). Two hundred and six (39,55%) had at least one peritonitis episode. No difference was observed between oliguric patients and the others. However, we noticed an increased risk in patients with a NE≥22 per week (HR=1,55, P=0,0005 and HR=1,47, P=0,02 considering competing risks). We also observed a lower risk in diabetic patients HR=0,74, p=0,02 and HR=0,77, p=0,0497). Conclusion We didn’t find any impact of diuresis volume on peritonitis risk. Whereas, the NE seems to be a considerable risk factor, especially when it’s superior to 22 per week.
Quantification of Cylindrocarpon destructans f. sp. panacis in soils by real‐time PCR

− 1 dried soil. A principal components analysis did not show any strong relationships between soil chemistry factors and the concentration of pathogen DNA. The approach outlined here allows the quantification of current populations of CDP in soil many years after ginseng cultivation and the prediction of disease severity in future crops. The method should be generally applicable to root diseases of many crops.
Differences in Platelet Glycoprotein Expression During Menstruation Cycle and Ovulatory Phase

INTRODUCTION: The variations in the physiological properties of female platelets during menstrual cycle phases, pregnancy and postmenopausal women to interactions with platelet CD49b, CD42b, CD41a and CD61 expression glycoprotein receptors were not well understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of these glycoprotein receptors during menstruation and ovulatory phase of menstrual cycle in reproductive age women. METHODS: It is across section study including 44 healthy young non‑hormonal contraceptives taking women aged between 19-44 years to determine the effect of estrogen on the expression level of platelet glycoprotein receptors (GPIb, GPIIa, GPIIb and GPIIIa) in its resting state in women in reproductive age. RESULTS: No significant difference in the expression of CD42b, CD41a and CD61 between menstruation and ovulatory phases in resting platelets in all subjects. However, this study showed a significant difference in CD49b expression in none-Arab ethnic subjects compared to Arab women. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS: This study suggested CD49b glycoprotein receptor used to be the commonly expression on the surface of platelet at some stage in menstruation and ovulatory segment of menstrual cycle in reproductive age women in turn extended platelet activity. Further studies including large number of subjects, platelet integrin gene polymorphisms and progesterone factors changes in platelet clotting associated to menstrual cycle should be conducted.
Globalization

This article reports on a study which investigated the impact of globalization on scientific research in Nigeria. The research data were collected using a questionnaire survey which was administered to academics in science-based disciplines in four Nigerian universities: University of Calabar, University of Uyo, University of Lagos and University of Ibadan. The results of the study show that ease of scientific communication, an increased access to current scientific books/journals and improvements in the quality of research were considered the main effects of globalization on scientific research in Nigeria. The findings of the study also show that the major factors considered to impede globalization of science in the country were frequent power cuts, a poor maintenance culture of ICT infrastructures/facilities, and an inadequate knowledge/awareness of the potential and capabilities of ICT by Nigerian scientists. Relevant recommendations based on these findings are made.