Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal quenching of Eu2+ 5d–4f luminescence in inorganic compounds

The thermal quenching of Eu2+ 5d–4f emission on Ba, Sr, or Ca sites in compounds is often attributed to a large displacement between the ground state and excited state in the configuration coordinate diagram. This work will demonstrate that the ionization of the 5d electron to conduction band states is the genuine quenching mechanism. A model is proposed to explain why in some types of compounds the quenching temperature decreases when going from the Ba variant via the Sr variant to the Ca variant and in other types of compounds the reverse behaviour occurs. The nature of the bottom of the conduction band plays an important role in this.
Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of 2‐Thioxo‐4‐quinazolinone and Thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐one Methane Sulphonamide with Aryl Iodides: Preparation of Potential COX‐2 Selective Inhibitors

Abstract Thio‐aryl methane sulfonamide derivatives of 4‐quinazolinone and thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐one were synthesized using powdery copper/copper(I) iodide as catalyst; their structural elucidation is also reported. These derivatives were planned as sulfur bioisosteres of selective COX‐2 inhibitor drugs.
Leadership Competencies Based on Gender Differences Among Academic Leaders from the Perspectives of Faculty Members: A Scenario from Saudi Higher Education

This study aims to identify the level of academic leadership competencies in selected Saudi higher education institutions (SSHEIs). It also seeks to investigate gender differences in academic leadership competencies (ALC) in SSHEIs. This study employed quantitative method to collect the data. The researchers used a questionnaire consisting of 29 items. The questionnaire was randomly distributed among faculty members in the SSHEIs in Jazan Province. There were 550 questionnaires distributed, 496 of them were received for analysis using SPSS (V.23). The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and an independent sample T-test. The findings indicated that academic leaders had a very high level of leadership competencies (LC) which reflect on the very high level of personal skills (PS) and high level of required skills (RS) of academic leaders. The findings also revealed that there is a significant gender difference in the mean score regarding the ALC in higher education. The findings implied that male academic leaders had more LC compared to female academic leaders. The current results are valuable for higher education in terms of providing evidence of the level of LC and gender differences of leadership competencies in the SSHEIs. Accordingly, the findings will contribute to the body of knowledge regarding leadership in higher education. The findings also will be beneficial for policymakers, academics leaders, and the officials of higher education. The theoretical and practical implications of the study as well as recommendations were also discussed.
How can approaches aimed at preventing Female Genital Mutilation be improved and developed using participatory methods with second-generation young people in the UK?

Background: There is considerable interest in Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) at global level, and within the United Nations Development Programme Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), goal 5.3 aims to eliminate all harmful practices, including reducing the global prevalence of FGM by half by 2030. The UK has played an active role in engaging with FGM-practising communities as well as in developing legislation that aims to protect women and girls at risk, which are both said to have contributed to the reduction of the prevalence of the practice. Aims: To examine how young people directly or indirectly affected by FGM interpret and understand the practice and to explore their views on current approaches aimed at preventing the practice in the UK. Methods: A community-based participatory methodology was developed, involving two phases. Phase One involved recruiting eight young people aged 15-18 years living in Bristol and training them as co-researchers. This training required them to participate in ten 2½ hour workshops over five months that utilised a variety of participatory methods, including drawing, singing and role play. A training manual was developed with the co-researchers. The data collected from the training formed the initial phase of data collection and helped to develop the second stage of the research. Phase Two involved recruiting participants aged 13-15 years from Bristol, Cardiff and Milton Keynes, who participated in focus groups and one-to-one semi-structured interviews led by the co-researchers and the lead researcher. Results: The young people involved in this study – whether as co-researchers or as Stage 2 research participants – showed a general lack of knowledge about the practice of FGM. They tended to assume it to be a historical issue that was of little or no relevance to them in a UK context. Moreover, it would seem that the meaning of FGM to young people has evolved from what was formerly considered a cultural issue to a complex, multifaceted phenomenon that is concerned with identity, body image and self-esteem. The research findings reveal that young people directly or indirectly affected by FGM identify as “bicultural”; on the one hand they attempt to construct a social position, identity and sense of belonging rooted in the dominant Western UK culture, whilst also identifying – to greater or lesser degrees – with the imported non-Western culture of their parents. This is challenging for young people who have to negotiate their status and identity where culture and religion intersect. This suggests that future strategies to tackle and prevent FGM – and to bring about cultural change – should embrace a positive holistic, inter-sectional approach, which is relevant to young people and guided by their values, beliefs and views. This implies moving beyond the preoccupation with a harm reduction approach towards one that engages with communities in positive and productive ways.
Extraction of Trivalent Lanthanides and Americium by Tri-n-octylphosphine Oxide from Ammonium Thiocyanate Media

Abstract An investigation of the solvent extraction of trivalent lanthanides and Am3+ from ammonium-thiocyanate media by tri(n-octyl)phosphine oxide (TOPO) in toluene has been completed. This system is of interest both for its potential as a means of separating transplutonium actinides from fission-product lanthanides and for inherent interest in thiocyanate-based solvent extraction systems. Partitioning was monitored using radiotracer techniques where appropriate, and ICP-OES or ICP-MS for others. The extraction behavior of all members of the lanthanide series (except for Pm) plus Y have been investigated. Conditional enthalpies (all exothermic) were determined (for selected systems) from the temperature dependence of the extraction reaction. A comparison with nitrate media shows higher extractive power of TOPO in contact with thiocyanate media, arising at least in part from the lower heat of the phase transfer of thiocyanate (relative to nitrate). The moderate tendency of HSCN to partition into the extractant phase has been profiled. Slope analysis indicates that TOPO solvation decreases from four (M(SCN)3TOPO4) for the light members of the series to three (or less) for the heavy lanthanide ions; Am3+ is extracted with four TOPO molecules. Despite the decrease in Ln:TOPO stoichiometry across the series, extraction is generally flat for the light lanthanides and increases from Gd3+ to Lu3+. The extraction of Am3+ from mildly-acidic ammonium-thiocyanate media was found to be at least 10 times stronger than that of the lanthanides between La3+ and Gd3+.
Influence of the Iron Oxide Acid−Base Properties on the Chemisorption of Model Epoxy Compounds Studied by XPS

In this work, the influence of the iron oxide acid−base properties on the adsorption of model epoxy compounds was examined. To study this, iron oxide layers with a different surface hydroxyl fractions were prepared in controllable and reproducible conditions. The surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). An expression for the hydroxyl fraction of the oxide films was deduced, starting from the measured XPS intensities. Two model epoxy compounds characteristic of an epoxy/amide system were adsorbed on the oxides: N,N‘-dimethylsuccinamide and N-methyldiethanolamine. Additionally, an amine molecule without alcohol groups, N,N‘-diethylmethylamine, was adsorbed to investigate the role of alcohol functionalities on the amine adsorption mechanism. The interaction between the oxide layers and the nitrogenous model compounds were studied by examination of the O 1s and N 1s XPS photopeaks. The data showed that the amine and amide nitrogen adsorbed via two different bonding modes: via L.
Ethical Consideration and Job Satisfaction: Analyzing EFL Teachers' Job Satisfaction and Their Performance with Focus on Ethical Issues

Background: This research intended to explore the effect of teachers' job satisfaction on their performance with focus on ethical consideration in some the high schools of Keman. More specifically, the present paper explored Iranian EFL teachers’ attitudes towards job satisfaction and ethical issues. It also assessed their performance and ethical matters in the EFL classes. Moreover, the study investigated relationship between teachers' job satisfaction and their performance with regard to ethical consideration. Method: To do this, 30 Iranian EFL teachers from both genders were selected as the participants of the study that were chosen based on available sampling. Two related questionnaires, Teacher Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (TJSQ) and Characteristics of Successful EFL Teachers Questionnaire (CSETQ) were employed for gathering data. The questionnaires were published among the EFL teachers of three high schools, and they had to answer them without time limitation. After that, the questionnaires were collected by the researcher and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The obtained results indicated that the teachers had positive attitude on job satisfaction and their performance in the EFL classes. Also, the findings of the study revealed that there was a significant relationship between the mentioned variables. Conclusion: It can be said that teachers' job satisfaction had impact on their performance in the EFL classes.
Collection efficiencies of a point-to-plane electrostatic precipitator

Collection efficiencies of a point-to-plane electrostatic precipitator were evaluated as functions of particle size, aerosol flow and ion current. Monodisperse aerosols ranging from 0.03 to 2.0 μm were used. Collection efficiencies decrease with 1) an increase of aerosol flow rate, 2) a decrease of particle size and 3) an increase of ion current. At the lowest tested flow, 100 cm3min, the effects of ion current and particle size seem to be minimal. Average efficiencies were found to be 90, 85 and 85% over the entire particle size range used in this study, for ion currents of 1.0, 3.5 and 5.0 microamperes respectively.
Standardization of the indian crude drug kalmegh by high pressure liquid chromatographic determination of andrographolide

The popular hepatoprotective Indian herbal drug Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) can be standardized by high pressure liquid chromatographic determination of its major active constituent, andrographolide. The leaves of the herb were found to contain the highest amount (2.39%w/w) of andrographolide and the seeds to contain the lowest. The technique was found to be much more sensitive and simple than the known spectrophotometric method.
Economic Preferences and Obesity: Evidence from a Clinical Lab-in-Field Experiment

We study economic decision-making of 284 people with obesity and pre-diabetes who participated in a 6-months randomised controlled trial to control weight and prevent diabetes. To elicit preferences, we use incentive-compatible experimental tasks that participants completed during their medical screening examination. We find that, on average, participants are risk averse, show no evidence of present bias, and have impatience levels comparable to healthy samples described in the international literature. Variations in present bias and impatience are not significantly associated with variations in markers of obesity. But we find a significant negative association between risk tolerance and BMI and other markers of obesity for women. A 1 standard deviation increase in risk tolerance is associated with a 0.2 standard deviation drop in BMI and waist circumference. Impatience moderates the link between risk tolerance and obesity. We replicate the key finding of interaction effects between risk and time preferences using survey data from a nationally representative sample of 6,281 Australians with similar characteristics. Deviating markedly from the literature, we conclude that risk tolerance brings benefits for health outcomes if combined with patience in this understudied but highly policy-relevant population.
An Electrochemical Immunoassay for HER2 Detection

In this paper, a simple and sensitive approach for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) detection is presented, using antibody-functionalised magnetic beads coupled to screen-printed cells. The immunoassay is based on a sandwich format in which a primary monoclonal antibody anti-HER2 is coupled to protein A modified magnetic beads. The modified beads are then used to capture the protein from the sample solution and a sandwich assay is performed by adding a secondary monoclonal antibody anti-HER2 labelled with biotin. The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (AP) conjugated with streptavidin and its substrate (1-naphthyl-phosphate) are then used for the electrochemical detection by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The experimental conditions for the immunoassay were optimised. The performance of the assay in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility and selectivity has been studied in buffer and serum samples from hospital patients.
Heterogeneity of Learners’ Behavioral Patterns of Watching Videos and Completing Assessments in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs): A Latent Class Analysis

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have been touted as an effective way to make higher education accessible for free or for only a small fee, thus addressing the problem of unequal access and providing new opportunities to young people in middle and low income groups. However, many critiques of MOOCs have indicated that low completion rates are a major concern. Using a latent class analysis (LCA), a more advanced methodology to identify latent subgroups, this study examined the heterogeneity of learners’ behavioral patterns in a MOOC, categorized them into distinctive subgroups, and ultimately determined the optimal number of latent subgroups in a MOOC. The five subgroups identified in this study were: completing (6.6%); disengaging (4.8%); auditing (4.6%); sampling (21.1%); and enrolling (62.8%). Results indicated this was the optimal number of subgroups. Given the characteristics of the three at-risk subgroups (disengaging, sampling, and enrolling), tailored instructional strategies and interventions to improve behavioral engagement are discussed.
The Characteristics of the Morphological Genotypes of Local Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] from Buton Selatan

Local sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) is a cereal crop that the people of Bahari Village, Buton Selatan Regency still cultivate as an interlude crop of corn. Local sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) functions as genetic material and a gene donor to improve the crop’s characters in a plant breeding program. Therefore, it is necessary to take conservation steps to maintain the availability of sorghum germplasm collections. This study aims to characterize local sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) from Bahari Village, Buton Selatan Regency based on morphological characters (qualitative vegetative and generative parameters) and agronomic characters. This study was an explorative study that directly identified the genotypes of local Sorghum bicolor cultivated in the field. This study reveals six genotypes of local Sorghum bicolor ; they are Labanda, Lapandewa, Lagadi, Wapinauri, Mbae, and Madea. The differences in sorghum genotypes can be more clearly identified in the generative phases, namely the symmetrical and pyramidal panicle shapes; the panicle density can be grouped into loose, slightly compact, and compact; husk colors vary from black, orange, grey, yellow, white, to red; the husk traits are categorized into short, slightly long, and very long; and the seeds are categorized round and round flat and white and brown. Meanwhile, the agronomic characters indicate that sorghum genotypes have long panicles; the weight of 100 seeds vary in categories from very low, low, to moderate; and one sorghum genotype (genotype Lagadi ) has the fastest flowering and harvest ages than the other genotypes.
Synthetic applications of N-N linked heterocycles. Part 7. The preparation of 4-alkyl- and 4-aryl-pyridines by regiospecific attack of Grignard reagents γ to quaternary nitrogen in N-(2,6-dimethyl-4-oxopyridin-1-yl)pyridinium salts

N-(2,6-Dimethyl-4-oxopyridin-1-yl)pyridinium salts (4), new reagents for the regiospecific synthesis of 4-substituted pyridines, give moderate to high yields of 4-alkyl- and 4-aryl-pyridines (8)–(10) on reaction with Grignard reagents. The scope and limitations of the reaction, which proceeds via 1,4-dihydro-intermediates (5)–(7), are explored. No 2-substituted pyridines were detected. Some reactions with organolithium compounds are also described.
Bimodal Microstructure and Reaction Mechanism of Ti2SnC Synthesized by a High-Temperature Reaction Using Ti/Sn/C and Ti/Sn/TiC Powder Compacts

High purity of titanium tin carbide (Ti2SnC) powder was fabricated by pressureless sintering two types of mixtures of Ti/Sn/C and Ti/Sn/TiC powders under different conditions. A bimodal microstructure of Ti2SnC with plate-like and rod-like forms was first observed, which is determined by the grain growth rate in different planes, the C particle's size, and the growth environment. Based on the microstructure observation, a reaction model was proposed to understand the reaction mechanism for the formation of Ti2SnC. Further investigation of the thermal stability of Ti2SnC demonstrates that Ti2SnC decomposes to TiC and Sn in vacuum atmosphere at 1250°C.
Condensation performance in horizontal tubes with second‐law consideration

This study conducted the second‐law analysis on a saturated FC‐22 vapour flowing through and condensed in horizontal cooling tubes. The optimum Reynolds number exists over the parametric range for the single tube case at which the entropy generates at a minimum rate. For the multi‐tube cases, no optimal Reynolds number is identified under the constant surface‐area constraint. Apparently, there exists an optimal cooling temperature that generates a minimum of entropy for a given duty, which depends strongly upon many process parameters like mass flow rate and tube geometry. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost analysis and effects of various coagulants used for sludge treatment at the full-scale wastewater treatment plant

The economic potential of poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) at full-scale sludge treatment plant and its impact on sludge production was explored in this study. The effect of recycling water on major parameters of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) was investigated. Comparative cost-analysis for powdered polymer coagulant (PPC), liquid polymer coagulant (LPC) and PAC was made for the period of 2016–2019 while the impact of recycling water from the sludge treatment section on to the effluent characteristics was conducted for six months before and after PAC application. Coagulants cost per ton of sludge treatment was dropped by 15% without increasing sludge production after PAC application in combining with PPC instead of LPC. TN removal efficiency of the WWTP was about 6% while TP 1% that can be attributed to the mixing of PAC loaded recycling water from sludge treatment section with the influent. COD and SS removal were slightly dropped throughout the period of 2016–2019. After PAC application, mixing of recycling water from the sludge treatment section with the influent significantly decreased the fluctuation in TP concentration of the effluent. Therefore, PAC can be an economical and environmentally sustainable option for sludge treatment at full-scale WWTP.
The impact of VAS and AAC charts on student focus

This action research study investigates the use of visual activity schedules (VAS) and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) charts in a first-grade classroom in Washington State to increase the amount of time that students are on-task during independent and whole group assignments. Students tend to display decreased on-task behavior when transitioning from one activity to another within the academic day, leading to a decreased amount of time spent learning within the classroom. Current research shows that by utilizing VAS and AAC charts within the classroom will positively impact on-task behaviors regardless of transition. Based on current research, implementing VAS and AAC charts throughout the classroom with every student should increase on-task behavior within the classroom throughout the entire academic day. THE IMPACT OF VAS AND AAC CHARTS ON STUDENT FOCUS 3
Changes in Some Egg Quality Parameters According to Plumage Colour in Quails and Their Relationships

The effect of plumage colours of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) on some egg quality parameters and their relations amongst were studied in this study. A total of 144 hatching eggs which were obtained from middle-aged (13 week) quail breeders having two different (original and white) plumage colours (77 orginal and 77 white) were used in the experiment. Egg weight (EW), egg length (EL), egg width (EWd) and shape index (SI) were studied parameters for egg quality. Coefficient correlation and regretion were analyzed for relation among these parameters. Average EW were 10.79 g and 9.54 g, EL were 31.59 mm and 31.57 mm, EWd were 25.85 mm and 24.68 mm, SI were 81.86 and 78.29 in eggs of quails with original and white plumage of this study respectively. EW, EWd and SI values were higher in quails with black feathers than those with white feathers (P 0.05) in both treatment groups in the experiment. When the correlation coefficients were examined, it was found that the correlation coefficient between EW and SI were only significant in the birds with original plumage and between EW and SI in birds with white plumage (P < 0.05). From regression analysis, it was found that the EW values can be estimated more accurately by using the EL in original plumages and the EWd in white-feathered quails. It is thought that carrying out more detailed and post-incubation studies will be beneficial for both academic and sectoral development.