Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deliberate introduction of mesopores into microporous activated carbon toward efficient Se cathode of Na−Se batteries

Sodium‐selenium (Na−Se) batteries are garnering increasing attention as promising energy storage systems because of the low cost of Na resources and the high volumetric capacity of Se. Nevertheless, their practical application is hindered by the low utilization rate of Se and the shuttle effect of polyselenide, which lead to unstable cycling performance. Therefore, extensive efforts are necessary to develop suitable carbon‐based Se hosts. Here, we propose a simple method to introduce a controlled amount of mesopores into microporous carbon, which can remarkably improve the electrochemical performance of Na−Se batteries. The Se encapsulated in the optimized micro‐mesoporous carbon exhibited a substantially improved cycling stability, with a capacity of 572 mA h g−1 at 0.5C after 150 cycles, which represents a 93% capacity retention from the second cycle. In addition, the Se could achieve a high reversible capacity of 214 mA h g−1, even at 20C. The results of this study provide guidance for distinguishing the roles of the micropores and mesopores of carbon in the Se host of Na−Se batteries: (a) Micropores are ideal reservoirs to confine Se in an amorphous form for stable electrochemical reactions with Na, and (b) mesopores provide pathways for Na+ ion diffusion and a buffer for the volume change of Se. The proposed method would be widely applicable to other types of microporous carbon with much higher specific surface areas, which can afford higher Se loading for more advanced alkali metal−Se batteries.
The Differences in Mean and Volatility Shock Transmission among Bitcoin, Currencies from Developed Countries, and Currencies from Emerging Countries

This paper studied the mean and volatility transmission among Bitcoin as the most prominent cryptocurrency, exchange rates from developed countries/regions, and exchange rates from emerging countries/regions. Using daily returns between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, and Bivariate VAR - Diagonal VECH models. The empirical results suggest there was no mean transmission between USD/EUR and USD/BTC. However, there was a unidirectional mean shock transmission link from USD/CNH, USD/MAD, and USD/IDR to USD/BTC. The results also suggested the existence of a bidirectional cross-volatility persistence link between bitcoin and all the exchange rates, except for USD/IDR and a bidirectional cross-volatility spillover link between USD/BTC and USD/CNH. A critical implication of these results is that they will be of use to investors, speculators, risk managers, and policymakers in understanding the degree of integration in terms of volatility and return among Bitcoin, currencies from developed, and currencies from emerging countries.
InSAR Phase Unwrapping Error Correction for Rapid Repeat Measurements of Water Level Change in Wetlands

Here, we present an enhanced algorithm to correct interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) phase unwrapping errors by incorporating iterative spatial bridging between islands and phase closure among interferograms. We use rapid repeat airborne synthetic aperture radar acquisitions from NASA’s airborne uninhabited aerial vehicle synthetic aperture radar (UAVSAR) instrument to estimate short-term changes in water level within coastal wetlands from a stack of consecutive interferograms acquired with very short temporal separation (~30 min). The algorithm is applied to six consecutive UAVSAR images collected in tidal wetlands of the Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana, USA. Validation of our water level change retrievals with in situ field observations was conclusive with high correlation and an RMSE generally smaller than 3 cm. Comparison of our algorithm with other phase unwrapping error correction methods shows significant improvement (30%–35% increase in the number of correctly unwrapped pixels) when applied to rapid changes in water level. The set of corrections presented in this work enables measurement of water level change in deltas and other areas where tides drive highly dynamic flooding of inland vegetated areas. Although demonstrated for water level change, the method is applicable to other InSAR datasets with large spatial gradients or observed discontinuities between coherent but spatially isolated areas.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Collagen-Calcium Alginate Protectants on Chronic Wound Healing in Horses

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of collagen-calcium alginate as an accelerator of wound healing in a clinical case of ten horses attended at the University Veterinary Hospital (UVH) at Omar Al-Mukhtar University, having non-healing chronic wounds. The pattern of wound healing was evaluated both clinically and by planimetry. All cases showed healing progress after the application of the collagen-calcium alginate film. The study results suggested that collagen-calcium alginate film can be a better wound healing biomaterial in horses. It can be used as a less expensive skin substitute in order to stimulate and promote wound healing in animals especially in the case of chronic non-healing wounds.
Conditional Parenting and its Influence on the Child’s School Activity

This article addresses the topic of conditional parenting, and it focuses on analyzing the relationship between parenting and the school activity of the student at the level of primary education. Conditional parenting, which provides the child with conditional love and self-esteem, it stands out by: focusing on the child's behavior, considering that human nature is negative and parental love is a privilege that must be earned, also being the adept of punishments and rewards. Conditional love entails the parent's desire to have an obedient child, obedience being the basis of control. `How could an obedient and conditional loved child develop competencies for the future? How well will he meets the demands of today's school or how will he relate to the faculty? These are the questions that have guided the approach of the whole mixed type research, that has been carried out over a period of half a year, using the following methods: questionnaire based survey and focus group method. Through this research, conclusions were drawn regarding conditional parenting and its influence on school activity of the pupil in the primary cycle. Starting from the interpretation of the research results, it was highlighted that the relationships between children and parents based on safety and unconditional love have contributed to the harmonious development of the child and to the skills for the future, through school.
Polygamy, the Commodification of Women, and Underdevelopment

Abstract Family systems shape social institutions, yet they are rarely considered in histories of economic development. In this article, we show that a suite of social conventions—such as age gaps at marriage, bride price, sequestration, and discrimination and violence against women—are overrepresented in polygamous societies as compared to monogamous societies. This dichotomy can be explained on the grounds that polygamy produces a chronic scarcity of marriageable females. We argue that this suite, which we call gamos and which we quantify by two different methods, has demonstrably significant consequences for social, institutional, and economic development.
Deforestation risk in the Peruvian Amazon basin

Summary The prevention of tropical forest deforestation is essential for mitigating climate change. We tested the machine learning algorithm Maxent to predict deforestation across the Peruvian Amazon. We used official annual 2001–2019 deforestation data to develop a predictive model and to test the model’s accuracy using near-real-time forest loss data for 2020. Distance from agricultural land and distance from roads were the predictor variables that contributed most to the final model, indicating that a narrower set of variables contribute nearly 80% of the information necessary for prediction at scale. The permutation importance indicating variable information not present in the other variables was also highest for distance from agricultural land and distance from roads, at 40.5% and 14.3%, respectively. The predictive model registered 73.2% of the 2020 early alerts in a high or very high risk category; less than 1% of forest cover in national protected areas were registered as very high risk, but buffer zones were far more vulnerable, with 15% of forest cover being in this category. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use 19 years of annual data for deforestation risk. The open-source machine learning method could be applied to other forest regions, at scale, to improve strategies for reducing future deforestation.
A Compact, Low-Power Analog Front-End With Event-Driven Input Biasing for High-Density Neural Recording in 22-nm FDSOI

An ultra-small-area, low-power analog front-end (AFE) for high-density neural recording is presented in this brief. It features an 11-bit incremental delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> ADC) enhanced with an offset-rejecting event-driven input biasing network. This network avoids saturation of the ADC input caused by leakage of the input-coupling capacitor implemented in an advanced technology node. Combining AC-coupling with direct data conversion, the proposed AFE can tolerate a rail-to-rail electrode offset and achieves a good trade-off between power, noise, bandwidth, input impedance, and area. Fabricated in a 22-nm fully-depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) process, the design occupies an active area of <0.001mm<sup>2</sup>, the smallest obtained to this date for a neural AFE, and consumes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf { < }3~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from a 0.8-V supply. It achieves an input-referred noise of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11.3~\mu \text{V}_{\mathrm{ rms}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the action potential band (300 Hz – 10 kHz) and 10 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{V}_{\mathrm{ rms}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the local field potential band (1 Hz – 300 Hz).
Oleanolic Acid’s Semisynthetic Derivatives HIMOXOL and Br-HIMOLID Show Proautophagic Potential and Inhibit Migration of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro

Approximately 20–30% of the diagnosed breast cancers overexpress the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This type of cancer is associated with a more aggressive phenotype; thus, there is a need for the discovery of new compounds that would improve the survival in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. It seems that one of the most promising therapeutic cancer strategies could be based on the biological activity of pentacyclic triterpenes’ derivatives and the best-known representative of this group, oleanolic acid (OA). The biological activity of oleanolic acid and its two semisynthetic derivatives, methyl 3-hydroxyimino-11-oxoolean-12-en-28-oate (HIMOXOL) and 12α-bromo-3-hydroxyimonoolean-28→13-olide (Br-HIMOLID), was assessed in SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells (HER2-positive). Viability tests, cell cycle assessment, evaluation of apoptosis, autophagy, and adhesion/migration processes were performed using MTT, clonogenic, cytofluorometry, Western blot, and qPCR. Both derivatives revealed higher cytotoxicity in studied breast cancer cells than the maternal compound, OA. They also decreased cell viability, induced autophagy, and (when applied in sub-cytotoxic concentrations) decreased the migration of SK-BR-3 cells.This study is the first to report the cytostatic, proautophagic (mTOR/LC3/SQSTM/BECN1 pathway), and anti-migratory (integrin β1/FAK/paxillin pathway) activities of HIMOXOL and Br-HIMOLID in HER2-positive breast cancer cells.
Teacher educators’ perspectives and practices towards the Technology Education Technology Competencies (TETCs)

ABSTRACT This mixed-method study explores current innovative methods towards technology integration in a teacher preparation programme at a mid-sized university in the Southeastern United States. The authors collected and analysed qualitative descriptive data from instructors of a foundational technology course. Using the recently developed Technology Education Technology Competencies (TETCs), they surveyed 17 faculty members and conducted follow-up interviews to understand their perspectives about the importance of the TETCs, and their belief of whether their current instructional technology integration aligned with them. Key findings suggest policies and initiatives to increase faculty technology integration did not tightly align with practice; teacher educators believed the TETCs were important, but most perceived their practices with teacher candidates were weak, and teacher educators with a higher proficiency with technology scored higher on their beliefs and practices with technology integration. The authors use their findings to propose ways to redesign teacher education programmes to increase faculty technology integration practices.
Safety and efficacy of EUS-guided ablation of pancreatic lesions with ethanol versus ethanol with paclitaxel: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and Objectives: EUS-guided ethanol ablation has emerged as an alternative method for pancreatic lesions. Recently, paclitaxel was added to ethanol to assess ablative effects in pancreatic lesions. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on EUS-guided ethanol ablation (EUS E) versus EUS-guided ethanol with paclitaxel (EUS EP) ablation for the management of pancreatic lesions. Methods: Comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases and conference proceedings including PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases (from inception to May 2020). The primary outcome evaluated complete ablation of the lesions radiologically and the secondary outcome evaluated adverse events (AEs). Results: Fifteen studies on 524 patients were included in our analysis. The pooled complete ablation rate was 58.89% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 38.72–77.80, I2 = 91.76%) and 55.99% (95% CI = 44.66–67.05, I2 = 0) in the EUS E and EUS EP groups (P = 0.796), respectively. The pooled AE rates were 13.92% (95% CI = 4.71–26.01, I2 = 83.43%) and 31.62% (95% CI = 3.36–68.95, I2 = 87.9%) in the EUS E and EUS EP groups (P = 0.299), respectively. The most common AE was abdominal pain at 7.27% (95% CI = 1.97–14.6, I2 = 68.2%) and 12.44% (95% CI = 0.00–39.24, I2 = 81.1%) in the EUS E and EUS EP groups (P = 0.583), respectively. Correlation coefficient (r) was ‒0.719 (P = 0.008) between complete ablation and lesion size. Conclusion: Complete ablation rates were comparable among both groups. AE rates were higher in the EUS EP group. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to validate our findings.
The shift to pay transparency: under‐met pay standing expectations and consequences

Summary This research examines the shift from pay secrecy to transparency and seeks to improve the understanding of previously unrecognized negative consequences on job satisfaction. Drawing on undermet expectations research, we propose that shifting toward pay transparency decreases job satisfaction among employees who encounter negative discrepancies between expected and revealed pay standing (undermet pay standing expectations). Using data from field and experimental studies, we tested our hypotheses that episodic envy mediates the effect of undermet pay standing expectations on job satisfaction and that this indirect effect is moderated by victim sensitivity. Study 1 results suggest that undermet pay standing expectations lead to the predicted decrease in job satisfaction through episodic envy. In Study 2, we surveyed employees of a technology company before and after their shift to pay transparency and found partial support for our hypotheses, suggesting that episodic envy mediates the negative effects of undermet pay standing expectations on job satisfaction only for those low in victim sensitivity. Study 3 supported our overall model by illustrating that low victim sensitivity strengthened the negative indirect effects of undermet pay standing expectations on job satisfaction via episodic envy in an experimental study. We then discuss the implications for theory and practice.
Lived Experiences of Low-Income, African American Males in a High School STEAM Academy: Implications for School Counselors

Using a qualitative case study approach, this investigation focused specifically on the school and home experiences of low-income, African American males who had attended a career academy focused on science, technology, engineering, arts, and math. With semistructured interviews of individuals and focus groups, we investigated the school and home experiences of African American male former high school students and how these experiences influenced their overall educational pursuit. This study concentrated on the specific research question: What are the unique identities, school experiences, and life challenges of low-income, African American males? Data analysis revealed three salient themes: (a) missing critical school and home supports, (b) searching for significant relationships and role models, and (c) desiring to earn money to provide for their families. Based on these qualitative themes, we offer specific strategies that school personnel, such as school counselors, can use to increase school engagement and success among low-income, African American males.
Comparison of Perioperative Outcomes Using the da Vinci S, Si, X, and Xi Robotic Platforms for BABA Robotic Thyroidectomy

Background and Objectives: Robotic thyroidectomy via the bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA), first introduced in Korea in 2008, has become a standard method of thyroid removal worldwide. The introduction of robotic surgical systems has enabled more patients to benefit from BABA robotic thyroidectomy, with good postoperative and excellent cosmetic results. To date, no studies have compared the benefits of the four currently available da Vinci robotic systems (S, Si, X, and Xi) for BABA robotic thyroidectomy. To determine the da Vinci model most suitable for BABA robotic thyroidectomy, the present study compared the perioperative outcomes in patients who underwent BABA robotic thyroidectomy using the four da Vinci models. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated outcomes in patients (n = 750) who underwent BABA robotic thyroidectomy using the four da Vinci systems from 2013 to 2019. The clinicopathologic data, including operation time, were compared. Substudy A compared the da Vinci models S and Si from 2013 to 2017, and substudy B compared models Si, X, and Xi from 2018 to 2019. Results: Substudy A, comparing the da Vinci S and Si systems, found no statistically significant differences between the two groups, whereas substudy B found that operation time was shorter in patients who underwent BABA robotic thyroidectomy with the da Vinci Xi system than with the Si and X systems. Conclusions: The da Vinci model Xi system can benefit patients undergoing BABA robotic thyroidectomy by shortening the operation time.
Social class, intensive parenting norms and parental values for children

As the global trend towards both middle- and working-class families raising their children intensively increases, social class differences in parenting beliefs and choices for their children have become more subtle. In light of the proliferation of intensive parenting norms, however, few studies have explored particular mechanisms underlying the subtle class differences linked to parental values. Drawing on in-depth interviews of 51 Hong Kong Chinese parents, this study investigated how parents contended with competing values in socialization, which in turn shaped their parenting choices. Three common values emerged from the interviews – academic excellence, hard work and happiness – showing that the middle and working classes managed their values for children in two different ways, termed here as ‘values coupling’ and ‘values juggling’, respectively. Middle-class parents were able to make their value choices cohesive through a ‘twist’ to reconcile between competing values. However, working-class parents were inclined to ‘drift’ their value choices in the face of unreconciled value tensions as well as structural constraints. Subtle differences in parental values were found to be tied to class position, and contributed to maintaining class inequality and social reproduction.
The Influence of Endurance Training on the Lipid Profile, Body Mass Composition and Cardiovascular Efficiency in Middle-Aged Cross-Country Skiers

Monitoring the training of amateur long-distance cross-country skiers (XCS) can help athletes’ achieve a higher exercise capacity and protect their health. The aim of this study was to assess body composition changes and lipid profiles in middle-aged amateur long-distance XCS after four months of training, including specialized roller ski training. The results of the time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test and blood tests and changes in body composition were analyzed with basic descriptive statistics: the paired Wilcoxon test was used to compare the results (initial and final). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (R) was used to assess the influence of various variables on maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). The findings show that training of amateur long-distance XCS improved maximal oxygen uptake (p = 0.008) and had a positive effect on fat reduction, measured in percentages (p = 0.038) and in kilograms (p = 0.023), but did not change blood lipids or other parameters. Further research could focus on other aspects of the annual training cycle: the competition period, and women in a larger group of athletes. Training with roller skis and a cross-country skiing training machine (a specialized machine for strengthening the arms and upper body) can support health and prevent obesity, overweight, and cardiovascular disease.
Leveraging ensemble meteorological forcing data to improve parameter estimation of hydrologic models

As continental to global scale high‐resolution meteorological datasets continue to be developed, there are sufficient meteorological datasets available now for modellers to construct a historical forcing ensemble. The forcing ensemble can be a collection of multiple deterministic meteorological datasets or come from an ensemble meteorological dataset. In hydrological model calibration, the forcing ensemble can be used to represent forcing data uncertainty. This study examines the potential of using the forcing ensemble to identify more robust parameters through model calibration. Specifically, we compare an ensemble forcing‐based calibration with two deterministic forcing‐based calibrations and investigate their flow simulation and parameter estimation properties and the ability to resist poor‐quality forcings. The comparison experiment is conducted with a six‐parameter hydrological model for 30 synthetic studies and 20 real data studies to provide a better assessment of the average performance of the deterministic and ensemble forcing‐based calibrations. Results show that the ensemble forcing‐based calibration generates parameter estimates that are less biased and have higher frequency of covering the true parameter values than the deterministic forcing‐based calibration does. Using a forcing ensemble in model calibration reduces the risk of inaccurate flow simulation caused by poor‐quality meteorological inputs, and improves the reliability and overall simulation skill of ensemble simulation results. The poor‐quality meteorological inputs can be effectively filtered out via our ensemble forcing‐based calibration methodology and thus discarded in any post‐calibration model applications. The proposed ensemble forcing‐based calibration method can be considered as a more generalized framework to include parameter and forcing uncertainties in model calibration.