Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary and Sedative Effects of Intramuscular Medetomidine-Ketamine and Intravenous Propofol in Ostriches (Struthio camelus)

Abstract Eight captive ostriches (Struthio camelus), ranging in age from 9 to 11 months, were given a combination of medetomidine and ketamine, administered intramuscularly, and propofol, administered intravenously, for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Medetomidine (80 μg/kg IM) and ketamine (2 mg/kg IM) resulted in profound sedation and sternal recumbency within a mean time of 14.6 ± 10.0 minutes in 6 birds. Two birds remained standing but were moderately sedated. Propofol, used for induction (3 mg/kg IV) and maintenance (0.2 mg/kg/min constant rate infusion) of anesthesia, enabled intubation and provided muscle relaxation sufficient for restraint lasting 30 minutes. Apnea was observed after propofol administration, but spontaneous ventilation resumed within 60 to 90 seconds. All birds were bradycardic throughout the anesthetic event. Both the heart rate and the cloacal body temperature decreased significantly at 25 and 30 minutes, respectively, after induction. By 5 minutes after induction, the respiratory rate increased significantly and remained high throughout the remainder of the 30-minute evaluation period. During the anesthetic period, systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressures, as well as arterial pH, arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures, and end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure showed no significant changes. The relative arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) was significantly elevated at 15, 25, and 30 minutes after induction. The SpO2 was less than 90% at 2, 5, 10, and 20 minutes after induction; however, arterial blood gas analysis indicated adequate arterial oxygenation. Anesthetic reversal with the α2-antagonist atipamezole (400 μg/kg, one half IV and one half SC) was smooth and resulted in a mean recovery time of 21.0 ± 7.3 minutes. The combination of IM medetomidine-ketamine and IV propofol used in this study proved to be effective for sedation as well as the induction and maintenance of anesthesia in captive ostriches.
Glycaemic index, palatability and acceptability of energy drinks prepared with β-glucan and whey protein

β-Glucan (βG) and whey protein (WP) are two functional ingredients widely used to maintain desirable blood glucose and weight management. However, the effect of combining βG and WP is still not thoroughly explored. This study was aimed to determine the effects of combining βG and WP in energy drinks on glycaemic index (GI), palatability and acceptability. Ten females (22.0±0.64 years old, 20.6±0.24 kg/m²) randomly completed four trials (control drink, βG drink, WP drink and βG+WP drink) in a cross-over manner. Palatability and acceptability were measured using visual analogue scale (VAS). Capillary blood was collected at 0 min (fasting state, baseline) and 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after the test drinks and assayed for glucose. There were no significant differences in palatability and acceptability of test drinks compared with control (p>0.005). The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for blood glucose responses showed no significant differences between all test drinks. Time x treatment showed a significant increased from 0 to 30 mins (peak) (p<0.005) for all test drinks. Blood glucose response significantly (p<0.005) decreased from 30 to 120 mins for all test drinks except control. There were no significant differences in GI of βG, WP, and βG+WP drinks compared with control (117%, 124% and 114%, respectively). This study suggested that drinks prepared with βG and WP were palatable and acceptable either per se or in combination but did not significantly reduce the GI compared with control drink. In addition, the drink prepared with βG and whey protein reduced short-term glucose but does not affect overall glycaemic response.
Venturing into schools : locating mental health initiatives in complex environments

Schools provide viable settings for mental health p romotion initiatives, such as programs to develop students’ social and emotional capabilities (SEC). Complexity in the school environments into which initiatives are introduced, such as diverse student capabilities, school structures, and teachers’ knowledge and conf idence, will play an integral role in the success of those initiatives. This paper investigat es the environments of schools about to receive the KidsMatter mental heath promotion, prevention and early intervention initiative in Australia, using information sourced from questi onnaires about 2598 students and their teachers in 50 Australian primary schools. The focu s of the report is on the status of the schools’ work in one of the key focus areas for the intervention, namely students’ SEC. Analysis showed relatively high levels of students’ SEC across the whole sample, but with sub-group differences. Teachers’ attitudes towards SEC learning were highly positive. Teachers’ self-rated knowledge and approaches in de aling with SEC were moderate, and point to requirements for additional pre-service an d professional development. The extent of regular and sustained delivery of SEC programs and mental health initiatives in general showed variability, suggesting the need to attend t o school systems and structural supports. Implications of these areas of diversity in school environments on the selection and methods of delivery of mental health promotion programs in schools are discussed.
The experiences of black and white female headteachers in South African schools

This study is a contribution to an understanding of gender inequality which still exists within the education system of South Africa, despite laws to the contrary. It provides an understanding of the impact of not only gender, but race and class oppression on the lives and careers of Black and White female headteachers. Using the life history method it explores the links between feminine management styles and women’s role in society and the family. This study sought out the female headteachers professional and personal views and gave them opportunities to reveal the intersections of their home and work. Underpinning this study was the conviction that women tend and try to avoid fragmenting their lives.
Microbially induce calcite precipitation as bio grouting by bacillus subtilis on its shear strength parameter effects on organic soil (peat) from Siak Regency Riau Province Indonesia

Contemporarily, the use of bacterial Calcite precipitation (bio grouting) is popular as a ground improvement technique for sandy soil. However, this was not frequently applied to organic or peat variety. Meanwhile, on the island of Sumatra, the province with the largest peat terrain is Riau, expanding an area of ± 4.04 million Ha, which is 56.1% of the total mulch land in the region, where Siak is one of the districts, possessing a fairly large portion. Furthermore, numerous problems ensue due to this structure, especially during the construction of infrastructure. Therefore, this study focused on bacterial Calcite precipitation from Baciluus Subtilis, and its effect on the Shear Strength parameters of organic soil, where a special injection system was prepared for inducing the bacterial solution to the samples, which were tested by UCS tool, in order to ascertain shear strength parameter, after 3 days. Moreover, through this research, it is hoped that the technique adopted improves engineering performance, especially in the areas of increasing shear strength parameters of organic or peat soil. Hence, this procedure is suitable and also assists in reducing challenges in construction of infrastructure within Siak district.
A nutrition education program to increase the consumption of whole grains among college students at the University of New Hampshire dining halls

The relationship between whole grain consumption and a reduced risk of some chronic disease is prominent in the literature. Yet consumers and college students fail to meet the current recommendations. This study investigated the impact of whole grain education materials and whole grain labels placed in the UNH dining halls to improve students' knowledge and whole grain consumption. Survey responses from 504 students were analyzed for whole grain knowledge scores and consumption levels from before and after this program. While overall knowledge score and whole grain consumption did not increase due to this program, a significant positive relationship was seen between knowledge and whole grain intake. Twenty percent of the post-survey respondents did however report increasing whole grain intake due to the influence of the new point-of-choice labels. A passive nutrition education program can be influential in increasing whole grain intake in some college students, but more research is needed to determine the most effective method.
From NaZn4Sb3 to HT-Na1–xZn4–ySb3: Panoramic Hydride Synthesis, Structural Diversity, and Thermoelectric Properties

Two new sodium zinc antimonides NaZn4Sb3 and HT-Na1–xZn4–ySb3 were synthesized by using reactive sodium hydride, NaH, as a precursor. The hydride route provides uniform mixing and comprehensive control over the composition, facilitating fast reactions and high-purity samples, whereas traditional synthesis using sodium metal results in inhomogeneous samples with a significant fraction of the more stable NaZnSb compound. NaZn4Sb3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P63/mmc space group (No. 194, Z = 2, a = 4.43579(4) A, c = 23.41553(9) A) and is stable upon heating in vacuum up to 736 K. The layered crystal structure of NaZn4Sb3 is related to the structure of the well-studied thermoelectric antimonides AeZn2Sb2 (Ae = Ca, Sr, Eu). Upon heating in vacuum, NaZn4Sb3 transforms to HT-Na1–xZn4–ySb3 (x = 0.047(3), y = 0.135(1)) due to partial Na/Zn evaporation/elimination, as was determined from high-temperature in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. HT-Na1–xZn4–ySb3 has a complex monoclinic structure with conside.
SURVEY OF WOMEN’S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT AIDS IN RASHT 2006

Introduction: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a global problem that is spreading in all countries of the world and our country too. Thus, befor the salient prevalence of this diseas must be controlled it. In this way we need the training for increasing of the person’s knowledge. Objective: Determin Rasht women’s knowledge about Aids and evaluat relation between knowledge and demographic variables. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study. Women were selected by cluster random sampling in different area of Rasht. The questionnaire and interview were used for collection of data and information. The findings and data were analyzed by chi -square test. Results: The level of knowledge was distinguished base on their information about transmission and prevention and affection of Aids. The results showed 60.22% of women had low and 29.67% medial and 10.11% high information about Aids. In this study, (96%) of women believed to necessary of training about Aids and majority of them mentiond radio and television are the best ways for education Also, There are significant relation between variable such as: age,level of education,Occupation, marital status with knowledge of Aids. Conclusion: By attention to low level of women’s knowledge about Aids, suggested more training about transmission and prevention ways of Aids for reducing of it’s affection.
Incidence of and risk factors for hepatotoxicity following antiretroviral initiation in patients attending Themba Lethu Clinic, Johannesburg

iv Background and objectives iv Materials and Methods iv Results v Conclusion v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vi LIST OF FIGURES x LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF APPENDICES xii NOMENCLATURE xiii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 Background 1 Problem statement 2 Justification for study 2 Literature review 3 Scale of the HIV epidemic 3 Definitions of hepatotoxicity 3 Incidence of severe hepatotoxicity 4 Risk factors for development of hepatotoxicity 5 Limitations of previous studies 8 Definition of terms 9 Study objectives 9 General objective 9 Specific objectives 10 CHAPTER TWO: METHODOLOGY 10 viii Study design 11 Study site 11 Study population 12 Study sample 12 Inclusion criteria 12 Exclusion criteria 12 Data sources 13 Study variables 13 Outcome variable 13 Exposure variables 14 Data management and cleaning 15 Data processing methods and data analysis 15 Ethical considerations 17 CHAPTER THREE: RESULTS 18 Study participants 18 Baseline characteristics of study participants 20 Characteristics of the overall cohort 21 Characteristics by severe hepatotoxicity post-HAART initiation 22 Characteristics of excluded individuals on the basis of missing baseline ALT results 23 Incidence of severe hepatotoxicity 25 Overall incidence rate of severe hepatotoxicity 25 Period incidence rates of severe hepatotoxicity 26 Crude estimates of risk factors for severe hepatotoxicity 26 1. Initiating HAART regimen 27 Incidence rates of severe hepatotoxicity by HAART regimen 27 Cumulative hazard estimates for severe hepatotoxicty by HAART regimen 27 2. Baseline laboratory results 28 2.1 Baseline ALT category 28 Incidence rates of severe hepatotoxicity by baseline ALT category 28
Challenges and Breakthroughs of Female Department Chairs Across Disciplines in Higher Education

The purpose of this study is to explore the department chair role relative to challenges and breakthroughs women leaders experience both inside and outside the discipline of education. The research reported is an exploration of relatively uncharted territory, adding to the data-based studies that exist of female leadership in this post-secondary context. Incorporated into this survey-based study are constructs established in the literature around relational and organizational aspects of leadership behavior. While attention is given to gender and leadership issues reported by 121 female department chairs, the discussion is broader than gender considerations. Focus is on the major challenges that practicing leaders have encountered, particularly within the domains of administration and scholarship. Included is discussion of these leaders' initiatives, reflections, and advice, complete with verbatim quotes, thematic analyses, and relevant tables. One recommendation is that more research be conducted of the issues and work of female department chairs, with consideration of the gender dynamics involving work-role identity. Other recommendations include the advocacy of women faculty members as college-level leaders who are effectively mentored.
Student Teachers’ Experiences of Teaching Physical Education of Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS): Exploring the Gendered Implications

Abstract The present paper explores the gendered implications of the South African University student teachers’ experiences in teaching Physical Education in grade ten of Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) in Pinetown District, South Africa. The CAPS has introduced some major changes in the structuring of Life Orientation. Out of six topics in LO, PE has been allocated fifty percent (33 out of 66 hours) of the time per year. It was then significant for the study to investigate how the SA University student teachers in Pinetown District do experience the teaching of this aspect (PE) in Life Orientation. There are no studies conducted on PE teaching in schools especially in the latest changes (CAPS) made on the subjects specifically in Pinetown district but yet teachers are facing many challenges with regards to its implementation in schools. The study was conducted with eight grade ten Life Orientation teachers who are teaching PE in schools within Pinetown district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. These eight teachers were purposively selected from four circuits of Pinetown District. The data were generated through PE lesson observations, Focus Group Interviews and on one-on-one interviews with the participants. Content analysis, through emerging themes was used in analyzing the data. Findings of the study revealed that SA University student teachers experienced a myriad of challenges in teaching Physical Education which is part of Life Orientation in grade ten of Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) in Pinetown District schools and their experiences have gendered implications for teaching recreation and physical well – being, successfully in high schools.
Wound management and vaccination following animal bite: a study on knowledge and practice among people in an urban area of Pondicherry, India

Background: Correct wound management and vaccination following animal bite prerequisite for prevention of rabies. Objective: To find out knowledge and practice about the correct wound management and vaccination following animal bite among the individuals in a selected urban area of Pondicherry . Methods: This explorative study was conducted in the field practice area of a tertiary care institution in urban Pondicherry. A total of 156 individuals one each from 156 households were selected and included after obtaining verbal informed consent. Using a pretested semi structured questionnaire, we obtained information on knowledge about wound care following animal bite and vaccination against rabies, and details of animal bite to any household members anytime in the past. Results: Only 19% of the respondents could name “Rabies” as the cause of death following animal bite. All the respondents had known about immediate initiation of anti-rabies vaccine following animal bite and its free availability in government hospitals. However, only one third of the respondents were aware of immediate washing of wound with soap and water following animal bite. The last one year incidence of animal bite was found to be 0.87% (6/682). Majority of the animal bite cases belonged to Class II (58%) and, involved dogs (88%), males (79.2%) and people from low socio-economic status (96%). All the individuals with animal bites had initiated anti-rabies vaccine within 24 hours of bite, however only two third had washed their wound with soap and water immediately following animal bite. About 17% of the animal bite victims had applied oil or turmeric over the wound . Conclusions: Incorrect immediate wound care following animal bite is a concern for prevention of rabies in this area. Health education should be strengthened on certain aspects like disease causation, wound care following animal bite and before coming in contact with a health facility to this population.
Medical Position Statement: The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children: Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment

Division of *Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; †Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Vermont, Fletcher Allen Health Center, Burlington, Vermont; ‡Berkeley California; §Pediatric Gastroenterology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Gastroenterology, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia; ¶Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Divisions of #General Pediatrics and ††Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and **Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.
Effect of supplementation of vitamin E and selenium on the growth and immune response in broilers

A feeding trial of 7 weeks duration was conducted on 360 one day old broiler chicks raised in battery brooders to study the effect of supplementation of vitamin E, selenium and their combinations on growth and immune response. Nine experimental diets were formulated by supplementing to the reference diet with of two levels of Vit.E (150 and 300 IU/kg), two sources of Se (inorganic and organic each at 0.15 mg/kg) and their combinations. On each diet, 5 replicates of 8 birds were fed. Body weight, feed intake, livability, weights of bursa and spleen and dressing yields were not influenced by the expt.diets. However, the feed/gain significantly improved on Vit.E (300 IU/kg) level and Vit.E (150 IU/kg) with organic Se (0.15 mg/kg) diet. Vit.E at 150 IU/kg with organic Se or 300 IU/kg with inorganic Se significantly (P<0.05) lowered the abdominal fat content. Cell mediated immune (CMI) response was significantly (P<0.05) higher on Se diets, Vit.E at 150 IU/kg and the combination of Vit.E at 300 IU/kg with either of the sources of Se. Vit.E at 300 IU/kg lowered (P<0.05) the HL ratio while it increased (P<0.05) the ratio when supplemented along with either of the sources of Se. The humoral immune response to SRBC was significantly (P<0.05) higher on all expt.diets than reference. Vit.E or the sources of Se did not influence immune response to NDV. However, the combination of organic Se with either levels of Vit. E significantly (P<0.05) increased immune response. In response to E.coli challenge, the growth depression was significantly (P<0.05) less on all expt.diets than reference. Lesion score on all expt.diets was comparable to reference diet except Vit.E at 300 IU/kg or inorganic Se, which recorded, significantly (P<0.05) lower score. It is concluded that Vit.E at 150 IU/kg and organic Se at 0.15 mg/kg may be supplemented to broiler diets for efficient growth and by immune response.
LIPID DISTRIBUTION IN THE MEAT OF JAU (Zungaro jahu) AND THE INFLUENCE OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE ON ITS FAT STABILITY

The aim of this study was to determine the total lipid content in nine different body regions of jau catfish ( Zungaro jahu ), and evaluate the nutritional composition, energy value and lipid oxidation of jau meat during 15 days at 4°C, before (T1) and after freezing (T2) for 105 days at –20°C. The body regions were divided into anterior-dorsal (P1), anterior-medial (P2), anterior-ventral (P3), central-dorsal (P4), central-medial (P5), central-ventral (P6), posterior-dorsal (P7), posterior-medial (P8), and posterior-ventral (P9). Jau catfish contained high protein (20.17%), low lipid (0.60%) and low energy value (88.36 kcal 100g -1 ). The increase of malondialdehyde - MDA (0.2 to 2.5 mg MDA/kg) was more pronounced (P<0.05) after freezing period (T2). Among all body regions analyzed, ventral portions (P3, P6 and P9) presented highest total lipid content (P<0.05). Our study revealed that total lipid varies depending on body regions. Moreover, both refrigerated and frozen storage did not avoid MDA formation.
Influence of Crash Pulse Characteristics on Whiplash Associated Disorders in Rear Impacts—Crash Recording in Real Life Crashes

AbstractThere are variations in rear impacts causing Whiplash Associated Disorders (WADs) which lead to short-and long-term consequences. Most rear impacts lead to no injury or to symptoms that are temporary. Impacts where the duration of symptoms differs need to be separated in analyses in order to isolate representative rear impact conditions in which more long-lasting WADs occur. The correlation between injury risk and impact severity parameters based on acceleration levels is largely unknown.Since 1995, approx. 40,000 vehicles on the Swedish market have been equipped with crash pulse recorders measuring the acceleration time history in rear impacts. In the present study, the results from crash recording of 66 real-life rear impacts were analyzed, where the change of velocity and the crash pulse were measured. The injury status of 94 front-seat occupants was classified as: no injury, symptoms for less than 1 month, symptoms for more than 1 month, or symptoms for more than 6 months after the impact. The.