Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nanocellulose Aerogels Inspired by Frozen Tofu

Cellulose-based aerogels are reported that were generated using cellulose nanofibril (CNF) gels in an ambient drying process. These nancellulose aerogels were inspired by the preparation of a traditional Chinese food, frozen tofu, which undergoes significant toughening after freezing and thawing. It is this toughening mechanism that allows for the formation of nanocellulose aerogels which ordinarily would collapse upon ambient drying. By freezing hydrated CNF gel dispersions, solvent exchanging, and drying at ambient pressure, monolithic nanocellulose aerogels with high porosity (>98%), low density (as low as 0.018 g cm–3), and high surface area (>30 m2 g–1) were readily generated. Moreover, since no special reactors are required, these structures can be easily created over large areas. For example, a hydrated CNF gel was frozen at −72 °C, and then, the frozen gel was immersed directly in a 2-propanol bath to allow solvent exchange. The resulting alcohol-infused gel was dried at ambient pressure to fabric.
Theoretical study on interfacial impact ionization in AlN/GaN periodically stacked structure

A theoretical study on interfacial ionization in the AlN/GaN periodically stacked structure (PSS) avalanche photodiode (APD) has been carried out to explain why the experimental electron ionization coefficient is higher than that in the simulation result. Full band structures for GaN and AlN are combined at the heterojunction interface of the PSS APD for the calculation of the suitable initial ionization state in AlN. Many suitable initial states exist in the Γ valley of AlN, where scattering rates are restricted and ultimately result in a higher ionization coefficient.
The Effect of Friendship Jealousy on Relational Aggression of Early Adolescents:focused on the moderating effect of locus of control and self-efficacy

이 연구는 초등학교 6학년을 대상으로 우정관계 질투가 관계적 공격성으로 이어지는 과정에서 내부귀인, 외부귀인 그리고 자기효능감의 조절효과를 살펴보고자 실시하였다. 연구대상은 서울과 경기도의 초등학교 6학년에 재학 중인 학생 570명으로 측정도구는 우정관계 질투척도, 또래갈등 척도, 귀인성향 척도, 자기효능감 척도로 설문조사를 시행하였다. 이 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우정관계 질투는 관계적 공격성과 정적 상관이 나타났다. 둘째, 중다회기분석을 통하여 조절효과를 검증한 결과 외부귀인과 자기효능감이 우정관계 질투와 관계적 공격성간의 관계에서 조절효과를 나타냈다. 상호작용효과를 분석했을 때 외부귀인이 높은 사람은 우정관계 질투가 높을수록 관계적 공격성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자기효능감의 경우에는 자기효능감의 각 수준에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나 자기효능감이 높은 사람이 우정관계 질투가 낮아질 때 관계적 공격성이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 이 연구의 제한점과 의의에 대하여 논의하였다.
Thermo-optical properties of Alexandrite laser crystal

Alexandrite is a well-known material for broadly tunable and power-scalable near-IR lasers. We measured the thermal coefficients of the optical path (TCOP) and thermo-optic coefficients (TOCs) of Alexandrite at 632.8 nm for three principal light polarizations, E || a, E || b and E || c. All TOCs are positive and show a notable polarization-anisotropy, dna/dT = 5.5, dnb/dT = 7.0 and dnc/dT = 14.9×10-6 K-1. We also characterized thermal lensing in a continuous-wave Alexandrite laser which used a Brewster-oriented c-cut 0.16 at. % Cr3+ doped BeAl2O4 crystal pumped at 532 nm and emitted at 750.9 nm (E || b). The measured thermal lens was positive and astigmatic. The sensitivity factors of the thermal lens (Mx,y = dDx,y/dPabs) were found to be Mx = 1.74 and My = 2.38 [m-1/W].
Bioprocessing of seaweed into protein enriched feedstock: process optimization and validation in reactor

Solid state bioconversion (SSB) of Ulva seaweed for protein enrichment was conducted over 7-days using Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium). One-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) optimization of process parameters revealed 70% for moisture content, 9% for inoculum size and 7% for minerals. Optimum substrate depth in 1 kg reactor was 12 mm and the protein increased from 88.51 mg/g to 107.89 mg/g. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed modifications in the polysaccharide resulting from SSB. Soluble and reducing sugars concentrations improved by 168.88% (from 33.74±0.51 mg/g to 90.72±1.38 mg/g) and 198.95% (from 0.13±0.05 mg/g to 0.40±0.01 mg/g), while total carbohydrate reduced to 107.15±1.21 mg/g from initial concentration of 109.39±1.33 mg/g
Characterization of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mycoides Bacteria as Probiotic Bacteria in Fish and Shrimp Feed

This study was aimedto identify probiotic characteristics and to test the cellulolytic ability of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mycoides bacteria for probiotic microbe candidates in fish and shrimp feed. The description of the cellulolytic and amylolytic abilities of these bacteriawas obtained by non-experimental method and descriptive analysis. Probiotic characteristic identification includes growth curve was obtained through total plate count method, cellular and colony morphology, and cellulase and amylase enzyme activity test using DNS method. Results indicated that the maximum growth of B . megaterium was observed after six hours at 35.62 x 10 10 (CFU), while B . mycoides wasafter 30 hoursat 42.6 x 10 10 (CFU). The macroscopic observation showed that the colony of B. megaterium was concave and smooth,while B. mycoides was flat, relatively rough, with silken threads around the colony.Both bacteria had milky white color, bacillus shape, Gram positive, and sporous. The activity of cellulose and amylase enzymes in B. megaterium were 3,974 units/ml and 1,831 units/ml, respectively. The activity of cellulose and amylase enzymes in B. mycoides were 3,506 units/ml and 3,730 units/ml, respectively. It can be concluded that both bacteria could be proposed as probiotic bacteria in fish feed. Keywords: Characterization, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mycoides, probiotic microbes, feed.
Accelerated start-up and microbial community structures of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification using novel suspended carriers

BACKGROUND Integrated free-floating biofilm and activated sludge (IFFAS) process is an ideal candidate for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process. However, traditional carriers have their inherent drawbacks like the weak hydrophilicity and negative charges on the surface. In this study, novel carriers with favorable hydrophilicity and electrophilicity were prepared and implemented in an IFFAS-based SND reactor. RESULTS Compared with traditional carriers, the water contact angle of novel carriers dropped to 60.2° and the positive charges on the surface (+11.7 mV, pH 7.0) were acquired. Through accurate control of dissolved oxygen (DO), it took only 30 days to start up SND with total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 80.2%. On the contrary, the start-up period was 42 days with weaker TN removal capacity in the control reactor filled with traditional carriers. Novel carriers provided favorable niche for more types of bacteria to survive, of which Nitrosomonadales and Nitrospirale were identified as nitrifiers while anoxic denitrifiers, aerobic denitrifiers and anammox bacteria also co-existed in the system contributing to TN removal. CONCLUSION Novel carriers with favorable hydrophilicity and electrophilicity were successfully prepared through a relatively facile approach, and novel carriers-based SND process released shorter start-up period, higher biomass and better TN removal efficiency.
Do audit committees manage legitimacy through increased voluntary reporting? Evidence from a large-scale textual analysis of audit committee reports

This study investigates whether audit committees manage legitimacy by voluntarily disclosing their financial reporting and audit oversight activities in the audit committee report. The answer is important because, if true, it would suggest that a regulatory mandate to require expanded audit committee reports may not be necessary. Performing a large-scale textual analysis of over 24,000 U.S. companies’ audit committee report disclosures issued between 2006 and 2017, we find that audit committees of large accelerated filers (LAFs) voluntarily increase disclosure of their financial reporting and audit oversight activities following (1) the SEC’s 2015 Concept Release which encouraged greater audit committee disclosure and (2) a company’s announced need to restate its financial statements. However, we do not find a similar increase following either event for non-large accelerated filers. Our findings indicate that large companies respond to external demand for additional audit committee disclosure but that a regulatory mandate may improve small company audit committee reporting.
Appropriate t-stat hurdles in large-scale testing

Large-scale inference has become increasingly popular in financial economics. I explore an empirical Bayes approach to large-scale multiple testing. The proposed approach bases its inference on the posterior probability that the null is true given the observed data. It provides a convenient way to establish data-driven $t$-stat hurdles associated with a prespecified false discovery rate or a weighted combination of the false discovery rate and false nondiscovery rate. Applying the method to meta-analysis of market anomalies, the factor zoo that is characterized by both multiple testing and p-hacking, and fund performance evaluation, I show that appropriate t-hurdles need to be raised substantially.
Effect of drying method to antioxidants capacity of Limnophila aromatica

Limnophila aromatica is widely used in South East Asian countries to make spices in food and medicine in traditional medicine. The use value of vegetables is known because some of the lesser constituents in plants are called antioxidants. These active ingredients have not been fully researched and their pharmacological effects are underestimated. In this study, the drying temperature at 40 °C was showed that the antioxidant activity decreased the most. The drying temperature of 50 °C is suitable for convection drying method and drying temperature of 60 °C suitable for vacuum drying, as it retains the most antioxidant properties. Regarding the drying method, freeze drying proved to be effective when retaining high antioxidant capacity. Using The convection drying at 50 °C and the vacuum drying at 60 °C, the antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica was not different. Over 6 weeks of preservation, the dried product has deterioration in antioxidant properties.
Synthesis colloidal Kyllinga brevifolia-mediated silver nanoparticles at different temperature for methylene blue removal

Metallic nanoparticles are well known of having wide applications in various fields such as, catalysis, electronics, energy, chemistry and medicine due to its unique physico-chemical properties. In this study, nanocatalyst Kyllinga brevifolia-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by reduction of silver nitrate using aqueous extract of Kyllinga brevifolia at different temperature. The formations of AgNPs were monitored using UV-visible spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results reveal that the AgNPs well dispersed with average particle size are 22.34 and 6.73 nm for synthesized at room temperature and cold temperature respectively. The biomolecules present in the Kyllinga brevifolia aqueous extract responsible for the formation of AgNPs were identified using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Our AgNPs performed excellent catalytic activity in degradation of methylene blue (MB) dyes via electron relay effect. MB is toxic to ecological system and also has carcinogenic properties. The AgNPs nanocatalysts synthesized in this study are highly dispersed, quasi-spherical and due to their size in nanoscale, they have shown effectiveness for degradation of MB dyes. More importantly, our AgNPs were prepared using biomolecules as capping and reducing agent, which make our product “greener” than available AgNPs that are commonly prepared using hydrazine and borohydride; which are harmful substances to human and environment. Not only the AgNPs can act as nanocatalyst for degradation of MB, they can also be expected to degrade other types of toxic dyes used in textiles industry.Metallic nanoparticles are well known of having wide applications in various fields such as, catalysis, electronics, energy, chemistry and medicine due to its unique physico-chemical properties. In this study, nanocatalyst Kyllinga brevifolia-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by reduction of silver nitrate using aqueous extract of Kyllinga brevifolia at different temperature. The formations of AgNPs were monitored using UV-visible spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results reveal that the AgNPs well dispersed with average particle size are 22.34 and 6.73 nm for synthesized at room temperature and cold temperature respectively. The biomolecules present in the Kyllinga brevifolia aqueous extract responsible for the formation of AgNPs were identified using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Our AgNPs performed excellent catalytic activity in degradation of methylene blue (MB) dyes via electron relay effect. MB is toxic to ecological system and also has carcinogenic propert.
Spitzer Phase-curve Observations and Circulation Models of the Inflated Ultrahot Jupiter WASP-76b

The large radii of many hot Jupiters can only be matched by models that have hot interior adiabats, and recent theoretical work has shown that the interior evolution of hot Jupiters has a significant impact on their atmospheric structure. Due to its inflated radius, low gravity, and ultrahot equilibrium temperature, WASP-76b is an ideal case study for the impact of internal evolution on observable properties. Hot interiors should most strongly affect the nonirradiated side of the planet, and thus full phase-curve observations are critical to ascertain the effect of the interior on the atmospheres of hot Jupiters. In this work, we present the first Spitzer phase-curve observations of WASP-76b. We find that WASP-76b has an ultrahot dayside and relatively cold nightside with brightness temperatures of 2471 ± 27 K/1518 ± 61 K at 3.6 μm and 2699 ± 32 K/1259 ± 44 K at 4.5 μm, respectively. These results provide evidence for a dayside thermal inversion. Both channels exhibit small phase offsets of 0.68 ± 0. °48 at 3.6 μm and 0.67 ± 0. °2 at 4.5 μm. We compare our observations to a suite of general circulation models (GCMs) that consider two endmembers of interior temperature along with a broad range of frictional drag strengths. Strong frictional drag is necessary to match the small phase offsets and cold nightside temperatures observed. From our suite of cloud-free GCMs, we find that only cases with a cold interior can reproduce the cold nightsides and large phase-curve amplitude at 4.5 μm, hinting that the hot interior adiabat of WASP-76b does not significantly impact its atmospheric dynamics or that clouds blanket its nightside.
Intermittency of Riemann’s non-differentiable function through the fourth-order flatness

Riemann’s non-differentiable function is one of the most famous examples of continuous but nowhere differentiable functions, but it has also been shown to be relevant from a physical point of view. Indeed, it satisfies the Frisch-Parisi multifractal formalism, which establishes a relationship with turbulence and implies some intermittent nature. It also plays a surprising role as a physical trajectory in the evolution of regular polygonal vortices that follow the binormal flow. With this motivation, we focus on one more classic tool to measure intermittency, namely the fourth-order flatness, and we refine the results that can be deduced from the multifractal analysis to show that it diverges logarithmically. We approach the problem in two ways: with structure functions in the physical space and with high-pass filters in the Fourier space.
M6-UFC: Unifying Multi-Modal Controls for Conditional Image Synthesis via Non-Autoregressive Generative Transformers

Conditional image synthesis aims to create an image according to some multi-modal guidance in the forms of textual descriptions, reference images, and image blocks to preserve, as well as their combinations. In this paper, instead of investigating these control signals separately, we propose a new two-stage architecture, M6-UFC, to unify any number of multi-modal controls. In M6-UFC, both the diverse control signals and the synthesized image are uniformly represented as a sequence of discrete tokens to be processed by Transformer. Different from existing two-stage autoregressive approaches such as DALL-E and VQGAN, M6-UFC adopts non-autoregressive generation (NAR) at the second stage to enhance the holistic consistency of the synthesized image, to support preserving specified image blocks, and to improve the synthesis speed. Further, we design a progressive algorithm that iteratively improves the non-autoregressively generated image, with the help of two estimators developed for evaluating the compliance with the controls and evaluating the fidelity of the synthesized image, respectively. Extensive experiments on a newly collected large-scale clothing dataset M2C-Fashion and a facial dataset Multi-Modal CelebA-HQ verify that M6-UFC can synthesize high-fidelity images that comply with flexible multi-modal controls.
ALT neuroblastoma chemoresistance due to telomere dysfunction–induced ATM activation is reversible with ATM inhibitor AZD0156

ATM activation at telomeres confers chemoresistance in ALT neuroblastoma and is reversible in preclinical models by ATM knockdown or inhibition. ALT-ering neuroblastoma chemoresistance Neuroblastoma can develop therapeutic resistance by adopting an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism to continue replicating. Using patient-derived cell lines, Koneru et al. show that this telomere dysfunction promotes constitutive ATM kinase activation in ALT neuroblastoma, which, in turn, promotes chemoresistance of this cancer to combined temozolomide + irinotecan, a common salvage treatment for ALT neuroblastoma. Adding an ATM inhibitor to the mix enhanced therapeutic efficacy in in vitro and in patient-derived xenografts, suggesting a potential strategy to target ALT neuroblastoma chemoresistance. Cancers overcome replicative immortality by activating either telomerase or an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism. ALT occurs in ~25% of high-risk neuroblastomas, and progression in patients with ALT neuroblastoma during or after front-line therapy is frequent and often fatal. Temozolomide + irinotecan is commonly used as salvage therapy for neuroblastoma. Patient-derived cell lines and xenografts established from patients with relapsed ALT neuroblastoma demonstrated de novo resistance to temozolomide + irinotecan [SN-38 in vitro, P < 0.05; in vivo mouse event-free survival (EFS), P < 0.0001] vs. telomerase-positive neuroblastomas. We observed that ALT neuroblastoma cells manifested constitutive ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activation due to spontaneous telomere dysfunction which was not observed in telomerase-positive neuroblastoma cells. We demonstrated that induction of telomere dysfunction resulted in ATM activation that, in turn, conferred resistance to temozolomide + SN-38 (4.2-fold change in IC50, P < 0.001). ATM knockdown (shRNA) or inhibition using a clinical-stage small-molecule inhibitor (AZD0156) reversed resistance to temozolomide + irinotecan in ALT neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro (P < 0.001) and in four ALT xenografts in vivo (EFS, P < 0.0001). AZD0156 showed modest to no enhancement of temozolomide + irinotecan activity in telomerase-positive neuroblastoma cell lines and xenografts. Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) inhibition using AZD6738 did not enhance temozolomide + SN-38 activity in ALT neuroblastoma cells. Thus, ALT neuroblastoma chemotherapy resistance occurs via ATM activation and is reversible with ATM inhibitor AZD0156. Combining AZD0156 with temozolomide + irinotecan warrants clinical testing for neuroblastoma.
The HIV protease inhibitor, ritonavir, corrects diverse brain phenotypes across development in mouse model of DYT-TOR1A dystonia

Ritonavir, identified by a DYT1 dystonia in vitro drug screen, corrects neuronal firing response and white matter deficits in the DYT1 mouse brain. Tackling dystonia with approved drug Mutations in TOR1A cause a monogenic form of dystonia called DYT1. Patients with DYT1 present chronic movement impairments that persist through life. Effective treatments addressing the cause of the disease are needed. Here, Caffall et al. performed in vitro drug screening and in vivo testing to identify potential approved drugs able to normalize the major hallmarks of DYT1. The HIV protease inhibitor, ritonavir, corrected protein mislocalization in vitro and had therapeutic effects in a mouse model of DYT1, ameliorating the phenotype and restoring brain abnormalities when administered during an early postnatal period. The results suggest that this class of drugs might be effective in treating DYT1 by restoring disease-causing cellular abnormalities. Dystonias are a group of chronic movement–disabling disorders for which highly effective oral medications or disease-modifying therapies are lacking. The most effective treatments require invasive procedures such as deep brain stimulation. In this study, we used a high-throughput assay based on a monogenic form of dystonia, DYT1 (DYT-TOR1A), to screen a library of compounds approved for use in humans, the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection (NPC; 2816 compounds), and identify drugs able to correct mislocalization of the disease-causing protein variant, ∆E302/3 hTorsinA. The HIV protease inhibitor, ritonavir, was among 18 compounds found to normalize hTorsinA mislocalization. Using a DYT1 knock-in mouse model to test efficacy on brain pathologies, we found that ritonavir restored multiple brain abnormalities across development. Ritonavir acutely corrected striatal cholinergic interneuron physiology in the mature brain and yielded sustained correction of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging signals when delivered during a discrete early developmental window. Mechanistically, we found that, across the family of HIV protease inhibitors, efficacy correlated with integrated stress response activation. These preclinical results identify ritonavir as a drug candidate for dystonia with disease-modifying potential.