Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MATH WORD PROBLEM SOLVERS: A REVIEW OF DATA DRIVEN APPROACHES AND DATASETS

Math Word Problem (MWP) solving is the process of finding the value of an unknown quantity in a word problem expressed in any Natural Language. The development of computer algorithms that can automatically solve arithmetic word problems is a challenge for the Artificial Intelligence research community. Solving Math Word Problems has recently become a significant research domain because automatically generating solution equations requires understanding natural language and its representation in computer understandable manner. This task is classified as natural language question-answering which is a well-studied problem in Natural Language Processing that requires machine common sense as well as domain knowledge and reasoning abilities. Solving a math word problem is particularly challenging due to the semantic gap in translating natural language text into machine-understandable logic that enables reasoning. To transform problems into several predefined templates in classification or retrieval style, early techniques depend on either predefined rules or statistical machine learning-based algorithms. Following the success of Machine Learning-based algorithms in a variety of domains, researchers have recently experimented with automatically solving Math Word Problems using large datasets. This research paper examines the performance and results of Data-Driven approaches to Solve Math Word Problems. The research also includes state-of-the-art small and large datasets used for performance evaluation of various approaches. The goal of this study is to help scholars understand the obstacles to solving Math Word Problems and to guide and motivate them to contribute in this direction.
ThalamusMatter, White Matter, Striatum, and Disease Brain in Early Disease Stage: Gray Regional Volume Analysis of the Parkinson

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway is well-documented in PD, whereas neuronal changes beyond the nigrostriatal pathway are uncertain. The purpose of our study was to estimate volume changes in the striatum and thalamus, which are areas of the basal ganglia, as well as in GM and WM located beyond the nigrostriatal pathway, in early-stage PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 30 participants (15 healthy controls and 15 patients with PDND with H & Ystage I or II). Cognitive function was assessed by using the MMSE. ICV and the volumes of the caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, GM, and WM were calculated via 3D volume analysis by using MR imaging. RESULTS: A comparison of the PD group with the control group revealed an absence of significant differences between them regarding age and MMSE scores. Comparison of the volumes of regional brain structures of patients with PD with those of controls revealed the presence of significant differences in the caudate nucleus, thalamus, and WM ( P (cid:1) . 05) between the groups. However, there were no significant differences in the volumes of the putamen and GM or in ICV between patients with PD and controls. The results of ANCOVA by using the covariates of age and ICV showed a significant difference in the caudate nucleus, thalamus, and WM between patients with PD and controls ( P (cid:1) . 05). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that loss of WM volume may occur in early disease stages and that variation of the volumes of the caudate nucleus and thalamus may be an early phenomenon of disease progression.
Data-driven subtypes of major depressive disorder

Background: Although variation in long-term course of major depressive disorder (MDD) is not strongly predicted by existing symptom subtype distinctions, recent research suggests that prediction can be improved by using machine learning methods. However, it is not known whether these distinctions can be refined by added information about comorbid conditions. The current report presents results on this question. Methods: Data come from 8,261 respondents with lifetime DSM-IV MDD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. Outcomes include four retrospectively reported measures of persistence/severity of course (years in episode; years in chronic episodes, hospitalization for MDD; disability due to MDD). Machine learning methods (regression tree analysis; lasso, ridge, and elastic net penalized regression) followed by k -means cluster analysis were used to augment previously detected subtypes with information about prior comorbidity to predict these outcomes. Results: Predicted values were strongly correlated across outcomes. Cluster analysis of predicted values found 3 clusters with consistently high, intermediate, or low values. The high-risk cluster (32.4% of cases) accounted for 56.6-72.9% of high persistence, high chronicity, hospitalization, and disability. This high-risk cluster had both higher sensitivity and likelihood-ratio positive (relative proportions of cases in the high-risk cluster versus other clusters having the adverse outcomes) than in a parallel analysis that excluded measures of comorbidity as predictors. Conclusions: Although results using the retrospective data reported here suggest that useful MDD subtyping distinctions can be made with machine learning and clustering across multiple indicators of illness persistence/severity, replication with prospective data is needed to confirm this preliminary conclusion.
CONTINUANCE INTENTION TO SUBSCRIBE TO A VIDEO-ON-DEMAND SERVICE: A STUDY OF NETFLIX USERS IN INDONESIA

With the growing interest in the media and entertainment industry, the competition between players is becoming even tighter, thus having customers attached to a particular subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) brand is important to ensure subscription continuance. Despite the growing research in the SVOD services, no study has investigated the influence of inertia as an attachment factor and satisfaction on the users’ continuance intention on SVOD particularly. Therefore, this study aims to address the lack of literature on the continuance model by testing the influence of content quality, system quality, trust in mobile payment, and price fairness, and further test the impact of inertia and satisfaction towards one’s continuance intention to subscribe to a particular SVOD brand. 532 individuals partake in an online survey to give their perspective on their current SVOD subscription which is then analyzed with partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that trust in mobile payment and content quality are the direct determinants of continuance intention to subscribe, and that user satisfaction and inertia successfully mediate all the independent constructs used in this study towards continuance intention to subscribe. The findings of this study is useful for SVOD players in understanding the importance of each factor in order to strategize and fulfill their customer demands to assure long-term viability of their businesses.
Brief Review Cardiac Arrhythmia and Geomagnetic Activity

Background: The purpose of this paper is a review of a number of studies considering links between life threatening cardiac arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death (SCD) and the level of environmental physical activity factors like geomagnetic activity (GMA) and opposite them cosmic ray and high energy proton flux. This is a part of studies in the field named Clinical Cosmobiology. Methods: Temporal distribution of cardiac arrhythmias and SCD daily and monthly were compared to the level of GMA, space proton flux, cosmic ray activity according to neutron activity (impulse/min) on the earth's surface. The cosmophysical data was obtained from the cosmic science institutions in the USA, Russia and Finland (cosmic ray data, partially). Results: As it follows from the results of the quoted studies there is an inverse relationship between the frequency of cardiac arrhythmic events and SCD and the level of daily GMA. Conclusions: Now studies are in progress considering the role of neutron (cosmic ray) activity in the natural history of the mentioned events. According to the various studies, we can presume that the GMA has some protective effect on cardiac arrhythmias and SCD.
University of Birmingham A multi-component stair climbing promotional campaign targeting calorific expenditure for worksites; a quasi-experimental study testing effects on behaviour, attitude and intention

Background: Accumulation of lifestyle physical activity is a current aim of health promotion, with increased stair climbing one public health target. While the workplace provides an opportunity for regular stair climbing, evidence for effectiveness of point-of-choice interventions is equivocal. This paper reports a new approach to worksite interventions, aimed at changing attitudes and, hence, behaviour. Methods: Pre-testing of calorific expenditure messages used structured interviews with members of the public (n = 300). Effects of multi-component campaigns on stair climbing were tested with quasi-experimental, interrupted time-series designs. In one worksite, a main campaign poster outlining the amount of calorific expenditure obtainable from stair climbing and a conventional point-of-choice prompt were used (Poster alone site). In a second worksite, additional messages in the stairwell about calorific expenditure reinforced the main campaign (Poster + Stairwell messages site). The outcome variables were automated observations of stair and lift ascent (28,854) and descent (29,352) at baseline and for three weeks after the intervention was installed. Post-intervention questionnaires for employees at the worksites assessed responses to the campaign (n = 253). Analyses employed Analysis of Variance with follow-up Bonferroni t-tests (message pre-testing), logistic regression of stair ascent and descent (campaign testing), and Bonferroni t-tests and multiple regression (follow-up questionnaire). Results: Pre-testing of messages based on calorific expenditure suggested they could motivate stair climbing if believed. The new campaign increased stair climbing, with greater effects at the Poster + Stairwell messages site (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.40-1.66) than Posters alone (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.15-1.34). Follow-up revealed higher agreement with two statements about calorific outcomes of stair climbing in the site where they were installed in the stairwell, suggesting more positive attitudes resulted from
TRUST IN TECHNOLOGY VS. TRUST IN TECHNOLOGY SUPPLIER: SUCCESS FACTORS FOR CAMEROON CUSTOMS INFORMATION SYSTEM ADOPTION

This study investigates the main factors of e-Customs system adoption in Cameroon, focusing on suppliers’ role in providing trust. Although previous technology adoption studies in developing countries have dealt with trust in technology, most are biased against developing countries than technology suppliers. In contrast, this study extended the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT)-based research model to consider trust in technology suppliers separately from trust in technology. After collecting data from external and internal users of the e-Customs system in Cameroon, the model was tested using structural equation modeling. Results showed that trust in technology and technology suppliers should be considered independently, apart from the significant effects of other prime factors on behavioral intention. This study suggests that technology suppliers have a strategic business reason for trust from users for successful technology adoption, suggesting that future researchers should not attribute trust issues to developing countries solely.
Comparative transcriptome pro�ling reveals cold stress responsiveness in two contrasting Chinese jujube cultivars

Background: Low temperature is a major factor in�uencing the growth and development of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) in cold winter and spring. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms enabling jujube to cope with different freezing stress conditions. To elucidate the freezing-related molecular mechanism, we conducted comparative transcriptome analysis between ‘Dongzao’ (low freezing tolerance cultivar) and ‘Jinsixiaozao’ (high freezing tolerance cultivar) using RNA-Seq. Results: More than 20,000 genes were detected at chilling (4°C) and freezing (-10°C, -20°C, -30°C and -40°C) stress between the two cultivars. The numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two cultivars were 1831, 2030, 1993, 1845 and 2137 under the �ve treatments. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that the metabolic pathway, response to stimulus and catalytic activity were signi�cantly enriched under stronger freezing stress. Among the DEGs, nine participated in the Ca 2+ signal pathway, thirty-two were identi�ed to participate in sucrose metabolism, and others were identi�ed to participate in the regulation of ROS, plant hormones and antifreeze proteins. In addition, important transcription factors (WRKY, AP2/ERF, NAC and bZIP) participating in freezing stress were activated under different degrees of freezing stress. Conclusions: Our research �rst provides a more comprehensive understanding of DEGs involved in freezing stress at the transcriptome level in two Z. jujuba cultivars with different freezing tolerances. These results may help to elucidate the molecular mechanism of freezing tolerance in jujube and also provides new insights and candidate genes for genetically enhancing freezing stress tolerance.
UNDERSTANDING THE PODCAST LISTENER INTENTION TOWARD PERCEIVED USEFULNESS MODERATED BY CONTENT DENSITY: A CASE STUDY OF PODCAST LISTENERS IN INDONESIA

Music and audio delivery has shifted from the radio broadcasting to podcast audio on demand due to the advance of podcast technologies. Current podcast broadcasting utilizes technologies that have made the access to podcast music, talk and audio debate become more popular among podcast listeners. However, effect listener experience and their listening intention have rarely studied podcast listener research. Consequently, the determinants of listener multitasking activities and program duration towards the perceived usefulness are interesting topic to study. Hence, this study is focused on unraveling the key determinants of driving the listening intention and perceived usefulness while addressing empirically, the moderating role of content density. This research method uses quantitative methods with analysis tools using SEM-PLS to investigate the proposed research model. Among the 339 responders via a web and mobile based survey using SurveyHero.com, the completed answered is by 128 responders. The results revealed that listener experience, multitasking activities, program duration as key antecedents towards listener intention. In addition, listener intention also antecedents of perceived usefulness moderated by content density. This research has implication that the content density must be studied further to evaluate this effect toward the perceived usefulness among the listeners for podcast broadcasting program quality.
Causes And Effects Of Tax Morale In Cúcuta And Its Metropolitan Area

This study aims to know the causes and effects of low tax morale in Cúcuta and its metropolitan area. For this purpose, descriptive research and a field design with quantitative methods were carried out for a sample of 235 accounting professionals. The instrument used was a Likert-type questionnaire with nine alternatives for causes and 6 for effects. The main result is that approximately three-quarters of the subjects in the sample consider that corruption and waste of resources by public institutions cause tax evasion. In turn, the lack of severe punishments (compliance with the Law) and the low income in tax declaration and collection are considered causes of low tax morale. Given this, the expected effect is citizens’ imitation of tax evasion. Therefore, it was concluded that in order to have higher tax morale, it is necessary to comply with the regulations and a frontal fight against corruption and waste of resources by public institutions.
NEW SCHOOL CULTURE IN POST COVID-19 ERA: VICE-PRINCIPALS PERSPECTIVE OF UTAUT MODEL IN THE CONTEXT OF ICT FOR LEARNING

Information and Communication Technology [ICT] has affected many sectors during the Covid-19 pandemic. The education sector has also experienced significant changes, especially in the change in school culture in the post-covid-19 era in the use of ICT for learning. This study aims to explore changes in school culture in the use of ICT for learning, which is reviewed based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology [UTAUT] model, from the point of view of Vice Principals [VP]. This research is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach to define the vice principals’ response to the new school culture in the post-Covid-19 pandemic, due to the implementation of the distance learning policy during the Covid-19 pandemic by the Indonesian government. The informants of this study consisted of 260 vice-principals of Junior High Schools in Mojokerto Regency and City, East Java, Indonesia. The stages of data analysis are to do data reduction, determine themes, explore engagement between themes, and make conclusions. This study concludes that there is a new school culture in the post-Covid-19 pandemic where all school residents, teachers, students, and school leaders are accustomed to using technology to support learning in schools. The new culture created due to the Covid-19 pandemic is not fully implemented by all schools, but most schools have a new culture in the use of ICT for learning, especially the use of educational platforms that support the process of achieving competence by students. Schools with a high culture of innovation for all school members tend to have high acceptance and use of technology in every learning carried out by students. Furthermore, parents who have forward-thinking, and have a high tendency to accept and use technology, encourage their children to take part in learning on educational platforms. The new school culture positively impacts needs in schools and the need for learning loss if this new culture is widespread and has reached all levels of education in Indonesia.
The marine geochemistry of the rare earth elements

Abstract : Novel methods were developed for the determination of 12 of the 14 Rare Earth Elements (REE) in seawater. Initial extractions of the REE by chelating ion exchange chromatography is followed by cation exchange for removal of co-extracted U and remaining traces of major ions. Finally traces of U are removed by anion exchange before irradiation for 8 hours at a flux of 5 x 10 to the 13th power neutrons 1 sq. cm. /sec. After post-irradiation separation of 24Na, the gamma spectra are recorded over four different time intervals with a Ge(Li) detector. An internal standard (144Ce) is carried all along the procedure for improved precision by avoidance of counting geometry errors. Vertical profiles are reported for three stations in respectively the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean and the Cariaco Trench, an anoxic basin. This data set represents the first detailed profiles of Pr, Tb, Ho, Tm and Lu in seawater, together with profiles of La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, and Yb. The first observations of positive Ce anomalies in seawater are ascribed to regeneration of Ce under reducing conditions. The first reported positive Gd anomalies are ascribed to the unique chemical properties of the Gd(III)-cation, which has an exactly half-filled 4f electron shell.
Radial velocity survey for planets and brown dwarf companions to very young brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars in Chamaeleon I with UVES at the VLT

We present results of a radial velocity ( RV ) survey for planets and brown dwarf (BD) companions to very young BDs and (very) low-mass stars in the Cha I star-forming cloud. Time-resolved high-resolution echelle spectra of Cha H α 1–8 and Cha H α 12 (M6–M8), B34 (M5), CHXR 74 (M4.5), and Sz 23 (M2.5) were taken with UVES at the VLT between 2000 and 2004. The precision achieved for the relative RV s range between 40 and 670 m s -1 and is sufficient to detect Jupiter mass planets around the targets. This is the first RV survey of very young BDs. It probes multiplicity, which is a key parameter for formation in an as yet unexplored domain, in terms of age, mass, and orbital separation. We find that the subsample of ten BDs and very low-mass stars (VLMSs, $M\la 0.12\,M_{\odot}$, spectral types M5-M8) has constant RV s on time scales of 40 days and less. For this group, estimates of upper limits for masses of hypothetical companions range between 0.1 M Jup and 1.5 M Jup for assumed orbital separations of 0.1 AU. This hints at a rather small multiplicity fraction for very young BDs/VLMSs, for orbital separations of $\la$0.1 AU and orbital periods of $\la$40 days. Furthermore, the non-variable objects demonstrate the lack of any significant RV noise due to stellar activity down to the precision necessary to detect giant planets. Thus, very young BDs/VLMSs are suitable targets for RV surveys for planets. Three objects of the sample exhibit significant RV variations with peak-to-peak RV differences of 2-3 km s -1 . For the highest mass object observed with UVES (Sz 23, ~0.3 $M_{\odot}$), the variations are on time scales of days, which might be explained by rotational modulation. On the other hand, the BD candidate Cha H α 8 (M6.5) and the low-mass star CHXR 74 (M4.5) both display significant RV variations on times scales of $\ga$150 days, while they are both RV constant or show only much smaller amplitude variations on time scales of days to weeks, i.e. of the rotation periods. A suggested explanation for the detected RV variations of CHXR 74 and Cha H α 8 is that they are caused by giant planets or very low-mass BDs of at least a few Jupiter masses orbiting with periods of several months or longer. Thus, the presented RV data indicate that orbital periods of companions to very young BDs and (very) low-mass stars are possibly several months or longer, and that orbital separations are $\ga$0.2 AU. This parameter range has not been covered for all targets yet, but will be probed by follow-up observations. Furthermore, we show that the scaled down equivalent to the BD desert found around solar-like stars would be a giant planet desert around BD and VLMS primaries, if formed by the same mechanism. The present data test its existence for the targets in the limited separation range of the survey. So far, no hints of companions in a “giant planet desert” have been found.