Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ISOZYME VARIATION AMONG NATIVE STANDS AND PLANTATIONS OF ALEPPO PINE IN ISRAEL

ABSTRACT Judging from enzyme analysis of native stands in Israel, Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) in the eastern Mediterranean basin has unique genetic characteristics. Only four of thirty isozyme loci surveyed in trees of native stands are polymorphic. Each polymorphic locus has two alleles. Stand expected heterozygosity (He) values are low and range between.03 and.06. Native Aleppo pine has allele frequencies for two isozymes, alanine aminopeptidase (Aap) and catalase (Cat), that distinguish it from that growing in Europe and North Africa. Using allele frequency associations for three loci, three geographic groups of natural stands are identified. Alleles useful for detecting introgression from P. brutia Ten. are absent from the native stands sampled, but occur in planted populations. Six out of nine plantations studied have allele frequencies indicating the presence of some trees from foreign seed sources.
Die Phylogenie der Rhopaliophora (Scyphozoa und Cubozoa) und die Paraphylie der 'Rhizostomeae'

Die Phylogenie der Rhopaliophora (Scyphozoa und Cubozoa) ist bis heute viel diskutiert. Besonderes Ratsel geben die Stellung der Cubozoa im System und die umstrittene Paraphylie der Rhizostomeae auf. Zur Klarung dieser Fragen wurden die Morphologie und Lebenszyklen von 18 Arten der Scyphozoa und 4 Arten der Cubozoa untersucht. Die Polypen und Ephyren wurden nach neuen Gesichtspunkten vermessen und ein biometrisches System geschaffen, mit dem die Arten anhand der Korperproportionen der Polypen und Ephyren bestimmt werden konnen. Die Polypen, Strobilae und Ephyren wurden mit Hilfe der Vermessungen und anderer morphologischer Merkmale getrennt kategorisiert. Es wurden Polypen-, Ephyren- und Strobilationstypen definiert und die Arten in Gruppen zusammengefasst. Die Weiterentwicklung der Gastralsysteme der Ephyren wurde bis zum Metaephyrenstadium beobachtet, dokumentiert und miteinander verglichen.Anhand der erhobenen Daten wurden 74 Merkmale mit bis zu 8 Merkmalszustanden definiert. Die Merkmale bzw. Merkmalszustande wurden nicht gewichtet. und resultierten nach der Auswertung mit dem PAUP 4.0 Programm in einen einzigen parsimonischen Stammbaum. Der Stammbaum hebt sich von den aktuellen Abstammungstheorien ab, weil die Rhizostomeae und die Semaeostomeae paraphyletisch und die Cubozoa in das System der Scyphozoa integriert dargestellt werden. The phylogeny of the rhopaliophora (Scyphozoa and Cubozoa)is much discussed. A mistery is the position of the Cubozoa in the tree of life and the discussed paraphyly of the Rhizostomeae. To solve these questions the morphology and life cycles of 18 Species of the Scyphozoa and 4 species of the Cubozoa were observed. The polyps and ephyrae were measured by establishing a biometric system. The polyps and ephyrae are compared, identified and categorized by their body proportions and not only by their sizes. Types of polyps, ephyrae and strobilae were defined and species were grouped by those definitions. The development of the gastric systems of the ephyrae was observed, documented and compared till reaching the meta-ephyra-stage. Based on all these data 74 characters with up to 8 categories were defined and a parsimonous tree of life was calculated with the PAUP 4.0 Programm. The tree of life is different to all other evolution theories because both groups, the Rhizoatomeae and the Semeaostomeae, are shown as paraphyletic groups and the Cubozoa are integrated into the Scyphozoan system.
Estrutura da regeneração natural em Floresta Ombrófila Mista na Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula, RS.

The aim of this paper was to characterize the natural regeneration through the analysis of the phytossociological structure, in a Mixed Rainy Forest at Sao Francisco de Paula National Forest (between 29°23’ and 29°27’ S and 50°23’ and 50°25’ W), as a way of providing information regarding the recovery and conservation of these ecossistems, and describing the possibilities of future use of the natural regeneration. There have been sampled 180 subunits of 100 m² (10 x 10 m) where there were measured the total heigth (h) of the individuals with h ³ 1,30m, with minimum circumference of 3,0 cm, up to a maximum of 30,0 cm. The total density was 7.984 individuals/ha, belonging to 109 species, 88 genera and 46 botanical families, besides dead individuals, lianas and no-identified species, with index of diversity of Shannon-Weaver (H’) of 2.22. The most important specie were Casearia decandra , Stillingia oppositifolia and Sebastiania brasiliensis . The Araucaria angustifolia in spite of being the outstanding physiognomic and the larger economical interest species of the Rain Forest, presented low values in all the evaluated parameters, needing forestation treatment and enrichment plantation that would specially benefit the development of its regeneration.
COMBATING RESISTANCE TO PHOSPHINE IN AUSTRALIA

An improvement in a drawer lock of a cabinet includes a cylinder, a trigger bar, a fixing block, a sliding block, a latch hook, a first elastic member and a latch mechanism. The latch mechanism has a clutch pivotally engaged with a latch bar. A second elastic member keeps the clutch to be engaged with the latch bar at a preset angle. The latch hook of a closing drawer can wedge the latch bar to turn an angle smoothly while the clutch and the sliding block remain stationary, so as to prevent causing any damage to the latch hook even when the cabinet is in a locked position.
Larval morphology of the Sepsidae (Diptera, Sciomyzoidea), with a cladistic analysis using adult and larval characters. Bulletin of the AMNH ; no. 228

3 Introduction . 3 The Phylogenetic Relationships of the Sepsidae . 4 Biology and Natural History of the Sepsidae . 5 The Morphology of Sepsid Larvae . 7 Materials and Methods . 8 Acknowledgments . 9 Descriptions . 9 Description of Sepsid Larvae . 10 Key to Sepsid Genera . 12 1. Genus Australosepsis Malloch, 1925 . 14 2. Genus Decachaetophora Duda, 1926 . 16 3. Genus Dicranosepsis Duda, 1926 . 18 4. Genus Lasionemopoda Duda, 1926 . 20 5. Genus Meroplius Rondani, 1874 . 22 6. Genus Nemopoda Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 . 27 7. Genus Ortalischema Frey, 1925 . 33 8. Genus Orygma Meigen, 1830 . 35 9. Genus Palaeosepsis Duda, 1925 . 37 10. Genus Parapalaeosepsis Duda, 1926 . 45 1 1. Genus Paratoxopoda Duda, 1926 . 49 12. Genus Saltella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 . 51 13. Genus Sepsis Fallen . 57 14. Genus Susanomira Pont, 1987 . 102 15. Genus Themira Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 . 104 16. Genus Xenosepsis Malloch, 1925 . 123 Cladistic Analysis. 127 Characters for Cladistic Analysis . 127 Results . 134
Effect of Thymus vulgaris and Satureja khuzestanica Ethanolic Extracts on Broiler Chickens’ Performance and Immune Response

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and satureja (Satureja khuzestanica) ethanolic extracts on the performance, blood metabolites and immune response of broiler chickens. 300 day-old Ross chicks were assigned to six dietary treatments in a randomized 2 × 3 factorial block design. Each treatment was given to five replicates of ten birds. Variables were T. vulgaris extract (0% or 1%) and S. khuzestanica extract (0%, 1% or 2%) in drinking water. Body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded at the end of the experiment. Serum glucose, total protein (TP), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-ch) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-ch) were measured after blood sampling at 42 days of age. Specific IgG and IgM against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were quantified six days after the injection of SRBC into breast muscle on day 23 and day 30. The plant extracts did not affect BW, FI or FCR, or the relative weights of the cloacal bursa, spleen or thymus gland (P>0.05). S. khuzestanica extract increased TG, total cholesterol and HDL-ch (P 0.05). However, 2% S. khuzestanica extract alone, or 1% T. vulgaris extract alone or in combination with 1% S. khuzestanica extract increased the heterophil percentage (H) and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio (H/L) (P>0.05), while it diminished the lymphocyte percentage (L) (P>0.05). Breast meat pH, redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and lightness (L*) were not affected by dietary treatments. However 2% and 1% S. khuzestanica extract respectively decreased thigh meat’s pH 24 h postmortem and its a* and b* values (P<0.05). 1% T. vulgaris extract, and 1% and 2% S. khuzestanica extract, increased pH in breast meat (P<0.05). It was concluded that under these research conditions, low levels of these extracts decreased H and H/L and may be beneficial to broiler chickens’ immunity.
DETERMINATION OF THE ACCEPTANCE OF CONTEMPORARY RELEVANCE OF PRIVATE BUSINESS (COMMERCIAL) SCHOOLS

It has become doubtful whether private business (commercial) schools are still relevant in the present-day Nigeria. This study which was of a descriptive survey design sought to determine the acceptance of the contemporary relevance of this type of institutions. Three hypotheses were accordingly tested at 0.05 level of significance. Purposive sample of 170 secondary school business educators in Enugu State was drawn to source data from a structured questionnaire validated by three experts and with a reliability coefficient of 0.78. Data were analyzed with t-test and one-way ANOVA. It was found that secondary school business educators accepted the contemporary relevance of private business schools. While this acceptance was not based on the gender and experience of the business educators, it was based on their areas of specialization. It was recommended that government and private business school proprietors should provide requisite resources and standardized curriculum and modes of operation for this type of institutions.
Systems analysis of the dynamic macrophage response to productive and non-productive murine cytomegalovirus infection

iii Acknowledgements . iv Table of contents . v List of figures . xii List of tables . xvi Abbreviations. 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview of the thesis . 3 1.2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) . 4 1.2. 1 CMV overview and pathogenesis 1.2. 2 CMV diagnosis and treatment 1.2. 3 MCMV as a model for cytomegalovirus infection 1.2. 4 MCMV structure and life cycle 1.2. 5 MCMV gene expression and genetics 1.2. 6 CMV Latency 1.3 Macrophages as a model cell for innate immunity . 14 1.3. 1 Macrophage differentiation 1.3. 2 Macrophage polarization 1.3. 3 Cytokine secretion 1.3. 4 Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) 1.4 Pattern recognition receptors and viral detecti on . 19 1.4. 1 The toll-like receptor family 1.4. 2 RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) 1.4. 3 Nod-like receptors (NLRs) and the inflammasom e 1.4. 4 PRRs and the detection of cytomegalovirus
Assessments of Self -Esteem and Stress among Babylon Medical College students

ackground: medical students experience a high level of stress during their undergraduate course. High level of stress may have a negative effect on cognitive functioning and learning of students in the medical school. The objectives: to assess stress, self-esteem among medical students and some factors effect on them and the effect of stress on self -esteem. Material and method: (185) undergraduate students of medical college Babylon university that were selected randomly. A written questionnaire about some socio-demographic information, assess the stress and the self -esteem. Weight and height of the participant students was also taken. Results: (49%) of participants have normal Self-esteem and (57%) of participants have medium stresses and low level of high stress (14.8%) with no significant associations of stress with participant gender , study level and residence and with body mass index with increase in frequency of high stress in underweight students. There was significant association of SelfEsteem Scale with study level, delay in academic years and using computer and reduce level of self-esteem with increased level of stress Conclusion: about half of students reported normal self -esteem with medium stress and low level of high stress during period of examination and reduce level of self-esteem with increased level of stress.
Effect of certain additives in the diluter on post-thaw recovery rate of bovine semen.

Semen ejaculates (forty eight, 12 each from 2 Murrah, 2 HF and 2 crossbred bulls) were frozen in presence and absence of two concentrations each of ascorbic acid (an antioxidant), caffeine (metabolic stimulator), chloroquine diphosphate and chlorpromazine HCl (membrane stabilizers). Post thaw quality of semen was assessed using motility, intactness of acrosome and two in vitro fertility tests i.e., cervical mucus penetration test (for functional integrity) and hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test (for structural integrity) of fresh as well as frozen semen. Both the concentrations of all the four additives improved post-thaw motility, per cent intact acrosome, per cent HOS positive sperm and sperm penetration distance traveled by vanguard spermatozoa in cervical mucus, as compared to control (without any additive). However, out of two concentration, ascorbic acid in the concentration of 10mM, caffeine in the concentration of 7mM, chloroquine diphosphate in the concentration of 0.54mM and chlorpromazine in the concentration of – 4 M in the diluter were significantly better (in improving post-thaw quality) than the other concentration of these additives respectively, being 15 mM, 10.5mM, 0.81mM and – 5 M. The improvement in the post-thaw quality of semen was recorded for all the three breeds. A significant improvement in the penetration distance traveled by vanguard spermatozoa in the post-thawed semen (after incorporation of additives in the diluter) coupled with significantly higher percentage of spermatozoa responding to the hypo-osmotic solution is indicative of reducing structural and functional damage to sperm cells during freeze-thaw stress. Addition of these additives, therefore, might prove beneficial in maintaining the fertilization potential of frozen thawed spermatozoa.
Seed bank emergence following prescribed burning in the Ozark Highlands

Much information is available describing the effects of fire on the survival, growth, and sprouting ability of hardwood stems. This information is generally used for predicting the response of established trees and advance reproduction to various burning treatments during the process of regenerating new stands. This study describes an often overlooked component of reproduction--the soil seed bank. The seed bank consists of stored seeds that are freshly fallen or older seeds that are viable but dormant. In order to predict stand-level regeneration treatments that incorporate burning, accurate assessment of the effects of burning on this source of regeneration is important.
The distribution pattern of freshwater crayfish in Croatia

In order to improve our general knowledge on the distribution of the various species of freshwater crayfish of the family Astacidae in Croatia, we gathered all the available unpublished data, as well as data from the literature and those of our own investigations. Our research confirmed the presence of three crayfish species in Croatia: Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1758), Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank, 1803), and Austropotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet, 1858), and we officially recorded the presence of Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 and Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817). Biogeographical data suggest the following distribution pattern: A. astacus is distributed in the continental part of Croatia, forming both river and lake populations. A. pallipes is distributed in south and southwest Croatia (Lika, Istria, Dalmatia, and on some islands in the Adriatic Sea). A. torrentium can be found in streams at higher altitudes in the continental part of Croatia. Finally, A. leptodactylus is found in the rivers of eastern and central Croatia (Slavonia and Posavina), while O. limosus was discovered recently in marshes of the Nature Park Kopacki rit (Slavonia). Some mixed populations of A. astacus and A. torrentium were detected. Some specimens of A. pallipes and A. torrentium were found in underground habitats. Research on the distribution of freshwater crayfish should be more intensive, and will be continued in the future.
Diversity of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in some common plants of marathwada region

Four angiospermic plants belonging to two different families were studied for their AM association. All test plants were growing and distributed in Osmanabad district of Marathwada region in Maharashtra state. The result showed that all the four plants viz. Annona squamosa, Annona reticulata, Tinospora cordifolia and Cocculus hirsutus had AM fungal association in the roots and spore population in the rhizosphere soil. However, maximum percent root colonization of AM fungi was observed in Tinospora cordifolia (92 %) followed by others, while minimum in Annona reticulata (57.33 %). Tinospora cordifolia (320) showed more spore density whereas less in Annona squamosa (59). Total five genera of AMF was identified up to species level in which Acaulospora spp were found dominate followed by Glomus spp, Sclerocystis spp, Entrophosphora spp and Gigaspora spp were found poorely distributed.
Seed germination of Erica andevalensis Cabezudo and Rivera (Ericaceae), an endangered edaphic endemic in southwestern Spain

Erica andevalensis is a recently described species, strictly edaphic endemic of ancient pyrite mining exploitations, which has been included in a list of endangered species subject to recovery plans in SW Spain. The germination of the seeds in the laboratory and their response to cool (chilling) pre-treatment has been studied in three consecutive germination trials. According to the evidence obtained, germination rates are dependent on whether or not the seeds received chilling treatment. Seeds without chilling pre-treatment germinated at low germination rates (6-21%) while germination rates of chilled seeds were higher (up to 86%). This probably means that seeds of E. andevalensis are mostly shed in a physiological dormant state which is only broken after one or two wet and cool periods. E. andevalensis is surely forming in its own habitat a type IV permanent seed bank (i.e. large and with little season variation), characteristic of species of unpredictably changing environments like its habitat is. 'Ecological longevity' of the seeds does not seem to survive a three-four years' period. Nevertheless, the 'potential longevity' of the seeds needs further investigation for genebank purposes. Significant differences in germination capability were observed between a sample of seeds which was air dried and stored at 4°C for nine months and another sample of newly collected seeds. From a biological point of view, inbreeding depression in the self-compatible and mostly selfing E. andevalensis if there is any, does not seem to be related to germination capability of the seeds.
A study on dietary l‐lysine requirement of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine lysine requirement of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) by feeding formulated diets containing crystalline l-lysine. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (405 g kg−1 protein, 18 kJ g−1 gloss energy) containing fish meal together with soybean protein concentrate as protein sources and fish oil together with soybean oil as lipid sources were formulated. Crystalline l-lysine was added into the six diets to acquire lysine concentrations of 17.3, 21.8, 26.0, 31.3, 35.5 and 41.9 g kg−1 dry diets, respectively. Mixture of crystalline amino acid was supplemented to simulate the amino acid profile in muscle of yellow catfish. The results indicated that final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency (PE) increased with the increase in dietary lysine level from 17.3 to 31.3 g kg−1 of diet and then decreased as the dietary lysine levels further increased. No significant difference in survival rate was found among all the dietary treatments. One-slope, quadratic broken-line analysis on the basis of SGR showed that the dietary l-lysine requirement of juvenile yellow catfish was 33.1 g kg−1 of dry diet (83.2 g kg−1 of dietary protein).
The structural impediments to African Reintegration : a comparative analysis of EAC, ECOWAS and SADC

ix 1. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 CONCEPTUAL OUTLINE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE DISSERTATION . 1 1.1.1 Research Aim . 3 1.1.2 Objectives . 3 1.1.3 Research Question . 3 1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY . 4 1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY . 4 1.3.1 Data and Analysis . 4 1.3.2 Ethical Implications . 5 1.3.3 Theoretical and conceptual framework . 5 1.3. 4 Scope and Limitations of the study . 7 1.3. 6 Study outline . 7 2. CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 8 2.1: INTRODUCTION . 8 2.1.1: The historical perspective of regional organization formations . 8 2.1.2: The African reintegration impediments and practices . 10 iii 2.1.3: Homegrown policy framework toward reintegration . 12 2.1. 4: The Abuja Treaty establishing the African Economic Community (AEC) . 12 2.2: ECONOMIC VERSUS POLITICAL REINTEGRATION . 15 2.2.1: Economic reintegration. 15 2.2.2: Political reintegration . 17 2.3: THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT OF REINTEGRATION IN AFRICA . 21 2.3.1: Common identity and citizenship for the reintegration . 23 2.3.2: Language as a factor in reintegration . 24 2.3 CHALLENGES, EVOLUTIONS AND INITIATIVES . 25 2.3.1: Evolution of RECs . 25 2.3.2: The structure and agency theory in the reintegration process . 27 2.3.3: Multiplicity and overlapping memberships . 28 2.3. 4: Free movement of persons and goods . 29 2.3. 5: Peace and security for African reintegration . 31 2.3. 6: Africa Reintegration new Initiatives . 32 2.4: CONCLUSION . 33 3. CHAPTER THREE: CONCEPTUALIZING REINTEGRATION . 35 3.1: INTRODUCTION . 35 3.2: THE CONCEPTUALISATION OF REINTEGRATION IN THE AFRICAN CONTEXT . 35 3.2.1: The historical perspective of reintegration in African context . 37 3.2.2: The philosophical perspective of reintegration in the African context . 40 iv 3.2.3: The psychological perspective of reintegration in the African context . 42 3.2.4: The political perspective of reintegration in African context . 43 3.2. 5: The economic perspective of reintegration in an African context . 46 3.2. 6: The sociocultural perspective of reintegration in the African context . 48 3.3: CONCLUSION . 51 4. CHAPTER FOUR: ANALYSIS OF IMPEDIMENTS TO REINTEGRATION . 52 4.1: INTRODUCTION . 52 4.2: ANALYSING THE FORMATION OF RECS. 53 4.3: THE CONSTRUCT OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC COMMUNITIES . 56 4.3.1: Analysing the east African community . 61 4.3.2: Analysing the Economic Community of West African . 63 4.3.3: Analysing the Southern African Development Community . 66 4.4: STRUCTURAL IMPEDIMENTS IN EAC, ECOWAS AND SADC . 69 4.4.1: Description of structural impediment . 70 4.4.2: Analysing multiplicity of membership . 71 4.4.3: Economic structural impediment . 79 4.4.4: Sociocultural structural impediment of reintegration . 83 4.5: CONCLUSION . 84 5. CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION . 86 5.1: INTRODUCTION . 86 5.2: STUDY APPROACH IN SUMMARY . 86 v 5.3: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK USED IN SUMMARY . 87 5.4: STRUCTURAL IMPEDIMENTS IN THE RECS: SUMMARY . 88 5.5: CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY TO KNOWLEDGE . 88 5.6: POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS . 89 5.5.1 Recommendation . 90 5.7 CONCLUSION . 93 6. REFERENCES . 95