Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hospitalization forecast to inform COVID-19 pandemic planning and resource allocation using mathematical models

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has put tremendous pressure on hospital resources around the world. Forecasting demand for healthcare services is important generally, but crucial in epidemic contexts, both to facilitate resource planning and to inform situational awareness. There is abundant research on methods for predicting the spread of COVID-19 and even the arrival of COVID-19 patients to hospitals emergency departments. This study builds on that work to propose a hybrid tool, combining a stochastic Markov model and a discrete event simulation model to dynamically predict hospital admissions and total daily occupancy of hospital and ICU beds. Methods The model was developed and validated at San Juan de Alicante University Hospital from 10 July 2020 to 10 January 2022 and externally validated at Hospital Vega Baja. An admissions generator was developed using a stochastic Markov model that feeds a discrete event simulation model in R. Positive microbiological SARS-COV-2 results from the health departments catchment population were stratified by patient age to calculate the probabilities of hospital admission. Admitted patients follow distinct pathways through the hospital, which are simulated by the discrete event simulation model, allowing administrators to estimate the bed occupancy for the next week. The median absolute difference (MAD) between predicted and actual demand was used as a model performance measure. Results With respect to the San Juan hospital data, the admissions generator yielded a MAD of 6 admissions/week (interquartile range [IQR] 2-11). The MAD between the tools predictions and actual bed occupancy was 20 beds/day (IQR 5-43), or 5% of the hospital beds. The MAD between the intensive care unit (ICU)s predicted and actual occupancy was 4 beds/day (IQR 2-7), or 25% of the beds. When the model was further evaluated with data from Hospital Vega Baja, the admissions generator showed a MAD of 2.42 admissions/week (IQR 1.02-7.41). The MAD between the tools predictions and the actual bed occupancy was 18 beds/day (IQR 19.57-38.89), or 5.1% of the hospital beds. For ICU beds, the MAD was 3 beds/day (IQR 1-5), or 21.4% of the ICU beds. Conclusion Predictions of hospital admissions, ward beds, and ICU occupancy for COVID-19 patients were very useful to hospital managers, allowing early planning of hospital resource allocation.
Prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy according to different diagnostic criteria: alterations in ultrasonographic parameters of both left and right ventricles before and after stress

Background: Prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CC) remains controversial. Several guidelines have been proposed for its assessment. Aim: To estimate the frequency of CC by using all of the proposed diagnostic criteria, to describe the whole spectrum of cardiac alterations and investigate the role of stress in unmasking latent cases of CC. Methods: Ninety consecutive patients were recruited. CC was evaluated by using the Montreal, the 2009 and 2019 criteria. Dobutamine stress test was also performed. Results: LVDD was identified in 72(80%), 36(40%) and 10(11.1%) patients based on the above criteria, respectively. None of the patients had right ventricular systolic dysfunction, neither at rest, nor after stress. Stress test revealed left systolic dysfunction in 4(4.5%) patients. According to 2019 criteria, presence of LVDD was not associated with gender, etiology, or staging of liver disease. Patients with LVDD had longer QTc (p=0.002), larger LAvol (p=0.0001), lower TAPSE(s) (p=0.012), lower SRV(s) (p=0.0001) and lower {Delta}CI (p=0.009) compared to those without. Patients with Child-B/C had longer QTc (p=0.004), higher BNP (p=0.016), higher E/e' (p=0.0001) and higher E/e'(s) (p=0.003), compared to Child-A patients. A significant correlation was demonstrated between Child-Pugh score and E/e' (p=0.0001), or E/e'(s) (p=0.002). Conclusions: In accordance with the recent guidelines the prevalence of CC seems to be lower. LVDD is the predominant feature of CC and aggravates along with the severity of liver disease. After dobutamine administration several sonographic variables exacerbate, particularly in Child-B/C patients, indicating a potential higher risk for clinical heart failure during stressful invasive interventions.
Distance Functions, Critical Points, and the Topology of Random \v{C}ech Complexes

For a finite set of points $P$ in $R^d$, the function $d_P: R^d \to R^+$ measures Euclidean distance to the set $P$. We study the number of critical points of $d_P$ when $P$ is a Poisson process. In particular, we study the limit behavior of $N_k$ - the number of critical points of $d_P$ with Morse index $k$ - as the density of points grows. We present explicit computations for the normalized, limiting, expectations and variances of the $N_k$, as well as distributional limit theorems. We link these results to recent results in which the Betti numbers of the random \v{C}ech complex based on $P$ were studied.
On the domain of the Nelson Hamiltonian

The Nelson Hamiltonian is unitarily equivalent to a Hamiltonian defined through a closed, semibounded quadratic form, the unitary transformation being explicitly known and due to Gross. In this paper we study mapping properties of the Gross-transform in order to characterize regularity properties of vectors in the form domain of the Nelson Hamiltonian. Since the operator domain is a subset of the form domain, our results apply to vectors in the domain of the Hamiltonian was well. - This work is a continuation of our previous work on the Fr\"ohlich Hamiltonian.
Lifestyle Interventions to Improve Pregnancy Outcomes: a Systematic Review and Specified Meta-Analyses

Abstract To compare the impact of lifestyle interventions for overweight and obese pregnant women a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using pre-registration and audit of the interventions as selection criteria. PubMed, Web of Science and CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials examining diet, exercise, combined interventions or associated behavioral therapy. Trials were selected if they reported one of the primary outcomes (gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, perinatal mortality, admission to neonatal intensive care unit). Results were established from the total group and separately from pre-registered or clinically audited studies. Out of 1304 titles, 28 randomized controlled trials were included. Among the primary outcomes only hypertensive disorders were significantly reduced by exercise in the total group: odds ratio 0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.28 to 0.96, four trials, 1324 participants). When behavioral therapy supported combined interventions, maternal weight gain, (Standardized Mean Difference −0.16 kilogram; 95% confidence interval −0.28 to −0.04, four trials, 2132 participants) and neonatal birthweight, (Standardized Mean Difference −0.4 gram; 95% confidence interval −0.62 to −0.18, five trials, 1058 participants), were significantly reduced within the total group and both specified meta-analyses. Higher frequencies of physical activity improved the results. Risk of bias, assessed with the Cochrane Tool, was low to moderate. Elements of behavioral therapy might better prevent adverse effects of maternal obesity when combined with lifestyle interventions. Unfortunately, high heterogeneity due to different intervention and population characteristics was a limiting factor. Future studies should also focus on increased intensities of physical activity.
Groupoid Models of $C^*$-algebras and Gelfand Duality

We construct a large class of morphisms, which we call partial morphisms, of groupoids that induce $*$-morphisms of maximal and minimal groupoid $C^*$-algebras. We show that the association of a groupoid to its maximal (minimal) groupoid $C^*$-algebra and the association of a partial morphism to its induced morphism are functors (both of which extend the Gelfand functor). We show how to geometrically visualize lots of $*$-morphisms between groupoid $C^*$-algebras. As an application, we construct a groupoid models of the entire inductive systems of the Jiang-Su algebra $\mathcal{Z}$ and the Razak-Jacelon algebra $\mathcal{W}$.
On the Morphisms and Transformations of Tsuyoshi Fujiwara (as a concretion of a bidimensional many-sorted general algebra and its application to the equivalence between many-sorted clones and algebraic theories)

For single-sorted algebras, Fujiwara defined, through the concept of family of basic mapping-formulas, a notion of morphism which generalizes the ordinary notion of homomorphism between algebras and an equivalence relation, the conjugation, on the families of basic mapping-formulas, which corresponds to the relation of inner isomorphism for algebras. In this paper we extend the theory of Fujiwara about morphisms to the many-sorted algebras, by defining the concept of polyderivor between many-sorted signatures, which assigns to basic sorts, words and to formal operations, families of derived terms, and under which the standard signature morphisms, the basic mapping-formulas of Fujiwara, and the derivors of Goguen-Thatcher-Wagner are subsumed. Then, by means of the homomorphisms between B\'enabou algebras, which are the algebraic counterpart of the finitary many-sorted algebraic theories of B\'enabou, we define the composition of polyderivors from which we get a corresponding category, isomorphic to the category of Kleisli for a monad on the standard category of many-sorted signatures. Next, by defining the notion of transformation between polyderivors, we endow the category of many-sorted signatures and polyderivors with a structure of 2-category. From this we get a derived 2-category of many-sorted specifications in which we prove the equivalence of the many-sorted specifications of Hall and B\'enabou, and deduce the equivalence of the categories of Hall and B\'enabou algebras. Besides, by defining corresponding categories of generalized many-sorted terms, we prove that the realization of these terms in the many-sorted algebras is invariant under polyderivors and compatible with the transformations between polyderivors, and from this we get an example, among others, of the new concept of 2-institution, itself an strict generalization of that of institution by Goguen and Burstall.
Preliminary Review of Spine Tumor Radiologic, Intra-Operative and Histopathology Findings, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background Spinal tumors constitute 10–32% of all primary central nervous system tumors. Accurate radiologic and histopathology diagnosis is crucial in the management and prognosis. The aim of the study was to describe the imaging patterns and to determine the agreement of imaging pattern of spinal tumors with intra-operative and histopathology findings. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study of 47 patients with spinal tumor done from May 2018 to October 2020. Medical records were reviewed for clinical data, history, physical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), intraoperative findings and histopathology reports. The agreement between imaging, intraoperative finding and histopathology diagnosis was analyzed. Results Intradural extramedullary tumors constituted 37 (78%) cases followed by six (12.8 %) extradural tumors and four (9.2%) intramedullary tumors. Schwannoma accounted for 13 (27.7%) cases followed by meningioma, 12 (25.5%) cases. Twenty-seven (57.4%) cases were thoracic level and cervical level were nine (19.1%) cases. Twelve (25.5%) cases did not have a definite intraoperative diagnosis. Imaging and intraoperative diagnosis was in agreement in 21 (44.6 %) cases and disagreed in 14 (29.7%) cases. For the imaging diagnosis and histopathology, 29 (61.7%) were in agreement and 18 (38.3 %) were in disagreement. Conclusion In conclusion, the commonest site to be involved was the thoracic spine and schwannoma was the commonest tumor. The low agreement between imaging and histopathology could have been improved by optimizing the imaging reports and techniques.
Many-body localization in the Heisenberg XXZ magnet in a random field

We numerically investigate Heisenberg XXZ spin-1/2 chain in a spatially random static magnetic field. We find that tDMRG simulations of time evolution can be performed efficiently, namely the dimension of matrices needed to efficiently represent the time-evolution increases linearly with time and entanglement entropies for typical chain bipartitions increase logarithmically. As a result, we show that for large enough random fields infinite temperature spin-spin correlation function displays exponential localization in space indicating insulating behavior of the model.
Covid-19 Analysis: Is there an Association Between Covid-19 and Development of Cognitive Deficits?

Objective The effects of COVID-19 infection were initially thought to be limited to the respiratory system; however, recent literature suggests that the virus has systemic effects, even leading to cognitive deficits. The objective of this study is to review COVID-19 related literature to determine whether there is an association between COVID-19 infection and the development of cognitive deficits. Method A search for articles relevant to COVID-19, cognitive deficits, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Tool (MoCA), and the geriatric population was performed on the MEDLINE, CINAHL, and APA PsychInfo databases. Results Substantial evidence exists that reports an association between COVID-19 infection and cognitive decline. The studies included in this literature review surveyed distinct populations and reported cognitive deficits in COVID-19 patients as measured by a reduction in MoCA scores. While cognitive deficits were identified as partially reversible, there were still measurable deficits in cognition post-recovery compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the measured cognitive deficits were found to be much worse in the geriatric population. Conclusions Current literature shows an association between COVID-19 infection and the development of cognitive deficits. Further research should seek to characterize these cognitive deficits and determine the underlying aetiology and pathogenesis. Initiatives to develop interventions to limit or improve cognitive deficits in post COVID-19 patients is crucial, especially the elderly, given the large burden of disease within this population cohort.
Finsler branes and quantum gravity phenomenology with Lorentz symmetry violations

A consistent theory of quantum gravity (QG) at Planck's scale almost surely contains manifestations of Lorentz local symmetry violations (LV) which may be detected at observable scales. This can be effectively described and classified by models with nonlinear dispersions and related Finsler metrics and fundamental geometric objects (nonlinear and linear connections) depending on velocity/momentum variables. We prove that the trapping brane mechanism provides an accurate description of gravitational and matter field phenomena with LV over a wide range of distance scales and recovering in a systematic way the general relativity and local Lorentz symmetries. In contrast to the models with extra spacetime dimensions, the Einstein–Finsler-type gravity theories are positive with nontrivial nonlinear connection structure, nonholonomic constraints and torsion induced by generic off-diagonal coefficients of metrics, and determined by the fundamental QG and/or LV effects.
Approximation by Meyer-Konig and Zeller Operators using (p, q)-CALCULUS

In this paper, we introduce a generalization of the $q$-Meyer-Konig and Zeller operators by means of the $(p,q)$-integers as well as of the $(p,q)$-Gaussian binomial coefficients. For $ 0< q < p <= 1,$ the sequence of the $(p,q)$-Meyer-Konig and Zeller operators denoted by $M_n,p,q$ and some results based on statistical convergence and direct theorems is obtained. Furthermore, we show comparisons and some illustrative graphics for the convergence of operators to a function.
Noncommutative homotopy algebras associated with open strings

We discuss general properties of $A_\infty$-algebras and their applications to the theory of open strings. The properties of cyclicity for $A_\infty$-algebras are examined in detail. We prove the decomposition theorem, which is a stronger version of the minimal model theorem, for $A_\infty$-algebras and cyclic $A_\infty$-algebras and discuss various consequences of it. In particular it is applied to classical open string field theories and it is shown that all classical open string field theories on a fixed conformal background are cyclic $A_\infty$-isomorphic to each other. The same results hold for classical closed string field theories, whose algebraic structure is governed by cyclic $L_\infty$-algebras.
Level of Awareness of Mammography among Breast Cancer Patients Attending Follow-up at a Tertiary Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer type and the most common cancer related cause of death worldwide in women. This study was aimed to assess the awareness of mammography among breast cancer patients attending follow-up at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from July 01 to August 30, 2017 at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain data from 270 breast cancer patients who came to radiology department for follow up imaging. Collected data were checked for completeness, coded and entered into Epi Info 3.1 software and exported to SPSS Version 21 for analysis. Results Two hundred and twenty four (83%) of the study participants had no awareness of mammography while 46 (17%) of them had awareness of mammography. Out of the total 270 women, only 38(14.1%) had mammography test. In multivariate logistic regression analysis; level of education was found to have significant association with awareness of mammography. Women with breast cancer who completed secondary education were 4.5 times (AOR= 4.5; 95% CI: 1.39, 14.77) more likely to have awareness of mammography compared to women with breast cancer who were illiterate. Conclusion This study revealed low awareness, knowledge and practice of mammography among women with breast cancer. Knowledge of participants about risk factor for breast cancer was also low.
Is Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (RTMS) a Promising Therapeutic Intervention for Eating Disorders and Obesity? Clinical Considerations Based on a Meta-Analytic Review

Objective Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been introduced to treat eating disorders (EDs), especially Anorexia, Bulimia Nervosa (AN and BN) and other EDs not otherwise specified (NOS). Provisional rTMS single-case studies and clinical trials have been carried out for the treatment of binge eating disorder (BED) and obesity. However, it is still unclear whether and to what extent rTMS might be considered an effective intervention for these conditions. Method This meta-analysis includes 15 independent studies examining the clinical effects of rTMS among different EDs and obesity (N = 402 patients). Several primary and secondary treatment outcomes have been considered. Cohen’s d was used as an effect size measure. The analyses estimate heterogeneity across findings, sources of variability and publication bias together with an assessment of the quality of the studies. Results The analyses show that rTMS induced large improvements in body mass index (BMI) among obese individuals. Null clinical effects have been detected for primary outcomes (i.e., BMI, binge eating and compensatory behaviors; urge to binge and to eat; severity of EDs symptoms) among individuals with AN, BN and other EDs-NOS. rTMS shows moderate therapeutic effects on the affective functioning (i.e., negative affectivity, depressive and anxious symptoms) of individuals with EDs. rTMS should be considered a promising intervention for the treatment of obesity. Conclusions This evidence might provisionally support the hypothesis on the implementation of rTMS for BED. Furthermore, rTMS could be included as an ancillary intervention for the other EDs, especially considering secondary treatment outcomes. Future controlled trials are needed to clarify the clinical effects of rTMS for EDs.
Adaptive iterative linearization Galerkin methods for nonlinear problems

A wide variety of (fixed-point) iterative methods for the solution of nonlinear equations (in Hilbert spaces) exists. In many cases, such schemes can be interpreted as iterative local linearization methods, which, as will be shown, can be obtained by applying a suitable preconditioning operator to the original (nonlinear) equation. Based on this observation, we will derive a unified abstract framework which recovers some prominent iterative schemes. In particular, for Lipschitz continuous and strongly monotone operators, we derive a general convergence analysis. Furthermore, in the context of numerical solution schemes for nonlinear partial differential equations, we propose a combination of the iterative linearization approach and the classical Galerkin discretization method, thereby giving rise to the so-called iterative linearization Galerkin (ILG) methodology. Moreover, still on an abstract level, based on two different elliptic reconstruction techniques, we derive a posteriori error estimates which separately take into account the discretization and linearization errors. Furthermore, we propose an adaptive algorithm, which provides an efficient interplay between these two effects. In addition, the ILG approach will be applied to the specific context of finite element discretizations of quasilinear elliptic equations, and some numerical experiments will be performed.
Patterns of MRI Findings in Patients with Chronic Headache: A Retrospective Study from a Private Diagnostic Center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background Headache is one of the most common complaints that lead the patient to seek medical advice however only a few patients with recurrent headaches have a secondary cause like intracranial mass. The appropriate utilization of neuroimaging is important to rule-out secondary cause of headache in resource-limited regions. The objective of this study is to describe the patterns of MRI findings in the evaluation of patients with chronic headache and to determine the clinical variables helpful in identifying patients with intracranial lesions. Materials and Methods This cross sectional study was conducted among 590 selected patients who underwent an MRI scan of the head from September 2016 to January 2018 at Wudassie Diagnostic center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Siemens Magnetom 0.35T MRI was used. Results Out of 590 patients, 372 (63.1%) were females and 218 (36.9%) were males; 300 (50.8%) patients with the mean age of 38.6 ± 0.5 years and a median of 37 ± 16.7years have normal brain MRI and 290(49.2%) have abnormal brain MRI reports. The abnormal findings further divided into non-significant findings were 166(28%) that did not alter patient management and clinically significant findings were 124 (21%) which included by decreasing order of frequency tumors, infection, hydrocephalus, hemorrhage, and vascular abnormalities. Conclusion It was 1.3 times higher rate of positive brain MR findings in patients who had headaches plus abnormal neurologic findings as compared to patients without neurologic abnormality (P-value = 0.01). There is a high rate of significant abnormal MRI findings in this study as compared to studies from developed nations.
The Generic Degree of Autonomy

This paper calculates the degree of autonomy of a generic autonomous n-D system. The calculation implies that attaching a generic controller to a non-autonomous system, results in a controlled system whose degree of autonomy is the maximum possible. Thus a generic controller is maximally efficient with respect to the criterion of maximising degree of autonomy. The term generic here refers to a dense open subset of the set of all n-D systems with the Zariski topology