Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capital Reallocation and the Cyclicality of Aggregate Productivity

A large part of the existing stock of capital is frequently reallocated between firms. This capital reallocation is procyclical and leads to variations in measured aggregate productivity. In this paper we ask how much of the cyclical variation in measured productivity is the consequence of capital reallocation. We study a heterogeneous-firm model that generates both realistic amounts of capital reallocation, as well as the observed relationship between the intensive and extensive margins of reallocation. We investigate the effects of exogenous shocks to total factor productivity (TFP) and to the costs of reallocation. These shocks induce changes in the amount of capital reallocation and thus cause an endogenous cyclicality of measured aggregate productivity. We find that only a model driven by exogenous TFP shocks is able to generate both data-consistent cyclical movements in reallocation and sizeable variations in measured aggregate productivity.
In Vitro and In Ovo Assessment of Betulinic Acid Antimelanoma Effect

Although it recorded a breakthrough for the treatment of metastatic melanoma in the last decade, this disease remains a challenge in terms of finding an efficient treatment, reducing secondary resistance to treatment, and understanding the complexity of the molecular mechanisms involved in its development, progression and metastasis. This study aims to verify the multitarget effect of a natural compound, betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene, as antimelanoma agent by applying two experimental models: a human melanoma cell line—A375 and the chick chorioallantoic membrane model. The methods applied in this study were: MTT cell viability assay for cytotoxicity assessment and the chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM) for antiangiogenic evaluation. The results indicated a significant decrease of A375 cells viability after a 72 h BA treatment even at the lowest concentration tested—1 µM (61.95% viable cells), with a calculated IC50 of 9.437 µM. In addition, BA inhibited not only the in ovo A375-induced tumor growth but also the angiogenesis on the primary site at 72 h post application. These data highlight the potential antimelanoma effect of BA by targeting the tumor cells via multiples pathways as inducing cell death and suppressing the angiogenic process, a must have for tumor development.
THE EFFECT OF SERVICE PLACE AND PRICE ON PURCHASE SATISFACTION AND ITS IMPACT ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY OF TRADITIONAL MARKET IN LHOKSEUMAWE CITY

This study intends to examine the effect of service placeand purchase satisfaction price and the impact on customer loyalty in the traditional market in the city of Hokseumawe. The population determined in this research is all permanent consumers who are still active in making purchases at the traditional market in Lhokseumawe, totaling 180 people. This research model was tested by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result of research on the traditional market in Lhokseumawe City proves that for the direct effect test: service place and price affect purchase satisfaction, and; service place, price and purchase satisfaction affect customer loyalty. The result of the mediation test proves that purchase satisfaction does not mediate the effect of service place on customer loyalty, and purchase satisfaction does not mediate the effect of price on customer loyalty. The unique finding is that purchase satisfaction does not function as a mediator for service place and price to influence customer loyalty, but only functions as an independent variable to influence customer loyalty. Besides, this tested research model can contribute in particular to the novelty of theory proof. For future researchers, this tested model can be developed by adding other variables such as market image and customer intimacy, which are very closely related to places of business such as traditional market. Keyword: Place Of Service, Price, Purchase Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty.
Water in Oil W/O Pickering Emulsion Encapsulated in Oil in Water O/W Emulsion: A Double Emulsion for Poorly Soluble Drugs

There are two problems that hinder the use of double emulsions in pharmacies: large-scale equipment not available for one-step emulsification and obtaining a double emulsion and limited ingredients available to replace the tension-active agents as primary emulsifier because these surfactants are toxic. To overcome these difficulties, a two-stage emulsification strategy has been developed, first generating a water-in-oil Pickering emulsion stabilized by magnesium oxide particles and then the double W/O/W emulsion, thereby reducing significantly the amount of voltage-active. Pickering emulsions are surfactant-free emulsions, stabilized by colloidal particles. These systems are experiencing renewed interest on the one hand, because it is preferable to limit the use of synthetic surfactants for ecological reasons, and on the other hand, because the functionalization of particles has undergone recent advances. It is possible to make very simple calibrated emulsions of controlled size, exploiting a phenomenon called "limited coalescence". The Bancroft rule served as a model for the formulation. The emulsification was carried out using a rotor stator mixer. The stability of these emulsions has been studied using several parameters (pH, conductivity, droplet size, dye test). The dye test and the conductivity measurement confirmed the W/O nature of the emulsion and W/O/W nature of the double emulsion. This study showed that we were able to develop a saturated double W/O/W emulsion.
Investigating Preposition Usage Problems of English Language Education Study Program Students

As one of the English grammar elements, prepositions might be considered difficult for students of English as a foreign language (EFL). Many studies on this topic have been conducted but it remains problematic and unresolved. Accordingly, the researchers aimed to explore the prepositions in this paper. Gathering the data from fifty acknowledgments of undergraduate theses of the English Language Education Study Program (ELESPA) of a private university in Yogyakarta, the researchers analyzed preposition usage problems that occurred in the acknowledgments. Results showed that three main problems involving the use of prepositions, namely the misselection of prepositions for, in, and to, insertion of prepositions about and to, and omission of prepositions about. Factors causing the problems were investigated and it was found that students’ first language (L1) influenced the incorrect usage of English prepositions.
Illusion mit System: das Lösemitteldreieck in der Praxis: Aspekte zur Charakterisierung der Wirkung von binären Lösemittelmischungen

The Teas-chart was introduced 30 years ago and is well established in the field of restoration. Despite its advantages regarding graphic read-ability, the system has elementary drawbacks. Under this viewpoint the action of 37 solvents and 75 solvent mixtures applied to an oil paint film were tested and plotted with the Teas-System. These investigations are specially focused on the behavior of solvent mixtures. From the resulting graphic plots it was neither possible to gain qualitative nor quantitative information. It thus is obvious, that this system is not an adequate tool for restorers.
Relationship Between Accounting Conservatism and Investment Efficiency with the Moderating Role of IFRS Adoption in Pakistan

Khalid Latif, Ghulam Mujtaba Chaudhary,Aon Waqas Assistant Professor, College of Commerce, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan, Khalidlatif@gcuf.edu. pk Assistant Professor, University of Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, ghulam.mujtaba@uokajk.edu. pk M.Phil Scholar, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan, waqasaon@gmail.com ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History: Revised format: November 2020 Available Online: December 2020 This study investigated the mandatory role of IFRS adoption in the association of accounting conservatism and investment efficiency in Pakistan. The study applied the model of Basu's (1997) to measure the conditional accounting conservatism for timely recognition of expected loss and gain. For empirical analysis, the study took a sample of 165 firms listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange and employed panel data methodology over the data of 2008-2017. Firms size, leverage, return on assets, and growth are taken as control variables to assess the relationship between accounting conservatism and investment efficiency. Findings of the study revealed that conditional accounting conservatism significantly affected the firms’ investment efficiency with the mandatory adoption of IFRS in Pakistan. IFRS adoption enhanced the firms’ investment efficiency and motivated to adopt the principle of accounting conservatism for recognizing the expected losses in timely manner in order to achieve investment efficiency. Timely recognition of expected losses played an important role in reducing agency problems and asymmetric information. In Pakistani setting, it is the pioneer study which highlighted the importance of accounting conservatism in protecting the surplus resources of investors and enhancing the overall investment efficiency under mandatory adoption of IFRS. These findings offer policy implications for focusing on the adaptation of IFRS in Pakistan.
Biodegradation of Chlorobenzoic Acid Substitutes, Particularly, 2- Chlorobenzoic Acid by Aeromonas hydrophila

Bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) was isolated from the Petra Wastewater Treatment Plant effluent in southern Jordan. It was identified by using morphological and biochemical characteristics. A. hydrophila was found to be able of using chlorobenzoate compounds as carbon and energy source. These capabilities were with different biodegradation rates (4- chlorobenzoic acid 5µM/hr, 3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid 15.5µM/hr, 2- chlorobenzoic acid 41µM/hr and 3- chlorobenzoic acid 65µM/hr). The degradation ability was monitored through the release of chloride, disappearance of the substrate and finally the growth of bacterial cells on these substrates. A. hydrophila dioxygenases physiologically induced by chlorobenzoic acid compounds, were analyzed for both ortho or meta ring-cleavage of these aromatic compounds. Only 1, 2-dioxygenase activity was detected which suggest that the cleavage is through the ortho pathway. The best results of degradation of 2-CBA compound were obtained with 3mM substrate concentration, 25ºC, pH 7and 200µl inoculum size. The carbon sources affected the 2-CBA degradation differently from that on chloride and cell mass production. Nitrogen sources used reduced the degradation activity of the 2-CBA as well as in the chlorine release from 2-CBA. However, the nitrogen source L-proline had a slight enhancement effect on the biodegradation between the 40-80h.
Determinants of Lease Financing Decisions among Insurance Companies in Kenya

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the determinants of lease financing decisions among insurance firms in Kenya. The study sought to establish the important factors that are considered by firms in making leasing decisions. Methodology: The research adopted a census survey on all the 46 insurance firms registered in Kenya. Descriptive statistics was used in summarizing and analyzing the data. Findings: The findings revealed that, the majority of respondents consider leasing as an important and essential alternative to borrowing. This means that insurance companies evaluate the cost of leasing assets relative to cost of borrowing as is suggested in finance theory. It was also clear from the findings that the most leased asset were financial lease as opposed to operating lease by insurance companies and that the most leased assets were land and building. Implication: The study concluded that four factors are essential to leasing decision namely: tax rate policy, cost of borrowing, financial constraints and legal framework and other factors as largely very important to essential in leasing decisions as , nature of the assets, liquidity, and agency cost, lease information availability, profitability, accounting policies, financial distress, total debt ratio and availability of financial resources, hence there is a significant relationship between determinants of leasing and lease financing in firms in the insurance industry. Value: This study extends knowledge to theory building in financing specifically in lease financing by companies to enhance their services by embarking on marketing their services, creating awareness and building a sound legal framework to motivate many firms in making lease decisions.
A Study of Five-Factor Model of Personality and Employee Counter Work Behavior Among Staff of Selected NGOs

Employee counter work behavior is influenced by various factors including personality and environmental factors. In the present study, the objective was to test the influence of personality dimensions based on the Five-Factor model of personality and employee counter work behavior. Through the convenience sampling approach, primary data is collected from the staff of five selected NGOs (n=170) utilizing the survey method. The method of analysis was structural equation modeling using the AMOS software. Reliability is assessed using the Cronbach alpha and composite reliability; while, convergent validity is established using the Average Variance Extracted; and discriminant validity using the Fornell & Larcker criteria. Coefficient indicates that extraversion and conscientiousness dimension bring negative influence on employee counter work behavior; neuroticism and openness bring positive influence on employee counter work behavior, and mixed results were found for agreeableness dimension. Results imply that personality is an important predictor of employee counter work behavior and may be used in candidate screening during the recruitment & selection process.
The Impact of Workplace Environment, Supply Chain Performance and Integration on Work Productivity: Mediating Role of Organizational Culture

The work productivity has played an essential role in the success of the organization and also enhance the economic growth and supply chain practices is considered as the essential element to improve the work productivity and also gain the attention of well-known researchers. Thus, the present study has examined that impact of the workplace environment, supply chain performance and supply chain integration on the work productivity of the banks in Indonesia. The purpose of the ongoing study is also the investigation of mediating impact of organizational culture on the nexus of the workplace environment, supply chain performance, supply chain integration and work productivity of the banks in Indonesia. The employees of the banks that linked with supply chain process are the respondents selected by using simple random sampling and gathered data by using questionnaires. The smart-PLS, an effective tool for data analysis has been employed for analysis purpose. The results highlighted that the workplace environment, supply chain performance and supply chain integration have a positive association with work productivity. The results also indicated that organizational culture positive mediates among the nexus of the workplace environment, supply chain performance, supply chain integration and work productivity of the banks in Indonesia. The outcome provided the guidelines to the regulators that they should enhance their focus on the supply chain practices that could increase the work productivity while leads the organization towards success. Keywords; Workplace environment, Supply chain performance, Supply chain integration, Work productivity, Organizational culture
Bactericidal adsorbents obtained by ion exchange modification of natural phillipsite

Zeolite adsorbents and ion exchangers reducing the concentrations of contaminants in aqueous medium, containing bioactive metals and endowed with bactericidal properties are promising for application in environmental protection practice and medicine. Phillipsite has a high ion exchange capacity and can be used to produce such materials. Silver-, copper-, and zinc-containing micro-mesoporous zeolite materials have been prepared on the basis of natural phillipsite from the Shukhuti field, Western Georgia (Saqartvelo), using ionexchange reactions between grinded and washed by dilute hydrogen chloride solution zeolite and a salt of a corresponding transition metal in the solid phase followed by washing with distilled water. Synthesized in such way adsorbent-ion-exchangers are characterized by chemical analysis and sorption data (nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77 K and water vapour sorption at room temperature), powder X-ray diffraction patterns, Fourier transform infra-red spectra, and scanning electron microscope images. Obtained materials keep the crystal structure and general sorption and ion-exchange properties of phillipsite, they contain up to 230 mg/g of silver, 66 mg/g of copper, and 86 mg/g of zinc, which is several times higher than the content of bioactive metals in the cationexchange forms of clinoptilolite and synthetic zeolites obtained by ion exchange in the liquid phase described in the literature. Prepared silver-, copper-, and zinc-containing phillipsites show bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity towards Escherichia coli regardless of whether the number of released ions of the bioactive metal reaches the minimum inhibitory concentration in solution. The procedure of dry ion-exchange synthesis leads to an increase in the dispersion of the material, but does not affect the developed mesoporous system of phillipsite and the total pore volume averaging 0.285 cm3/g. The compliance of proposed method for preparation of silver-, copper-, and zinccontaining forms of phillipsite with high environmental standards is confirmed by its low Sheldon’s factor E in comparison with the similar green chemistry metrics of conventional methods of the ion exchange in solutions.
Determination of carbohydrates and fructans content in Cyperus esculentus L.

The tiger nut contains different active ingredients like oil, tannins, sterols, saponins, alkaloids, vitamins C and E, minerals, and resins. There is a lack of information about carbohydrates content of Cyperus esculentus L. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the content of carbohydrates of tiger nut herb and tubers. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of carbohydrates in tubers and herb of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) were determined by using a GC/MS method. The results of analysis showed that tiger nut herb have free carbohydrates, namely D-saccharose, D-glucose, D-Mannitol, and D-fructose, while tubers have only disaccharide D-saccharose. Free D-saccharose presented in raw materials in the greatest amount, the content in tubers was 63.72 mg/g, in the herb – 9.79 mg/g, respectively. Monosaccharides and their derivatives after hydrolysis presented to D-glucose, D-xylose, D-galactose, D-arabinose in tubers, and D-xylose, D-glucose, D-arabinose, D-galactose, D-Dulcitol, D-Mannitol, D-mannose in the herb of tiger nut. D-glucose dominates in tubers and D-xylose in the herb, their content was 177.26 mg/g and 39.07 mg/g, respectively. The total content of fructans was determined by the spectrophotometric method. Its content was 13.49% in tubers and 8.78% in the herb of tiger nut.
The Unpaid Internship: Benefits, Drawbacks, and Legal Issues

This article hopes to clear up some of the confusion surrounding unpaid internships by discussing who participates in such internships, the merits and drawbacks relative to paid internships, and the relevant legal issues. This summary of existing research provides several key insights, which are of interest to potential interns as well as educators. For students, the literature suggests that unpaid internships are different from their paid counterparts in a variety of ways and pose certain risks that paid internships do not. On an institutional level, this paper documents the unique legal environment surrounding the unpaid internship and notes the unique liabilities program administrators may face if they fail to act with caution.
Clinico-Pathological Patterns and Survival outcome of Colorectal Cancer in Young Saudi Arabian Patients

In Saudi Arabia, CRC incidence, morbidity and related mortality have been steadily increasing over the past twenty years (Ibrahim et al., 2008). There were 904 new cases of CRC accounting for 10.2 % of all newly diagnosed cancer patients in 2008 (Bazarbashi et al., 2008). This cancer ranks first among males and third among female population (male to female ratio of 112:100) with median age at diagnosis of 59 years in males and 57 years in females (Bazarbashi et al., 2008). In Saudi population, 20.9 % of CRC patients are younger than 45 years of age (Mosli, 2012a). This
Socio-Economic Factors and Utilization of Formal Financial Services among smallholder Farmers in Kenya.

The main aim of this research was to establish the effect of socio-economic factors on utilization of formal financial services among smallholder farmers in Kenya. Farmers in low-income counties encounter a number of challenges among them limited access to finance. Financing agriculture, therefore, becomes a critical service to enable the full realization of the sector’s potential. In Kenya, the advent of innovative banking models through commercial banks such as Equity bank have seen a higher proportion of the rural population who were previously unreached being reached by financial services. That said, the subscription to formal financial services by small holder farmers is still low and many of them either shy away from formal financial institutions or are simply ineligible for the services due to lack of a banking profile with the institutions. Cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. The target population for this study were smallholder farmers from Nakuru, Busia and Kirinyaga Counties in Kenya. The study sample was determined using simple random sampling. The sample size was 560 smallholder farmers. The questionnaire and secondary information were the key instruments for data collection. Quantitative data was analysed using multiple linear regression equations with the aid of SPSS software. The study established that the socio-economic factors significantly affected utilization of formal financial services by the smallholder farmers in the country. Policy Makers should therefore, encourage small holder farmers by way of incentives to disclose their annual income so as to improve their chances of accessing formal financial services that can expand their enterprises.