Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clustering properties of a sterile neutrino dark matter candidate

The clustering properties of sterile neutrinos are studied within a simple extension of the minimal standard model, where these neutrinos are produced via the decay of a gauge singlet scalar. The distribution function after decoupling is strongly out of equilibrium and features an enhancement at small comoving momentum {proportional_to}1/{radical}(p). Dark matter abundance and phase space density constraints from dwarf spheroidal galaxies constrain the mass in the keV range consistent with a Yukawa coupling to a gauge singlet with mass and vacuum expectation value in the range {approx}100 GeV and a decoupling temperature of this order. The dark matter transfer function and power spectrum are obtained from the solution of the nonrelativistic Boltzmann-Vlasov equation in the matter dominated era. The small momentum enhancement of the nonequilibrium distribution function leads to long range memory of gravitational clustering and a substantial enhancement of the power spectrum at small scales as compared to a thermal relic or sterile neutrino produced via nonresonant mixing with active neutrinos. The scale of suppression of the power spectrum for a sterile neutrino with m{approx}keV produced by scalar decay that decouples at {approx}100 GeV is {lambda}{approx}488 kpc. At large scales T(k){approx}1-Ck{sup 2}/k{sub fs}{sup 2}(t{sub eq})+{center_dot}{center_dot}{center_dot} with C{approx}O(1). At smallmore » scales 65 kpc < or approx. {lambda} < or approx. 500 kpc corrections to the fluid description and memory of gravitational clustering become important, and we find T(k){approx_equal}1.902e{sup -k/k{sub fs}(t{sub eq})}, where k{sub fs}(t{sub eq}){approx}0.013/kpc is the free-streaming wave vector at matter-radiation equality. The enhancement of power at small scales may provide possible relief to the tension between the constraints from x-ray and Lyman-{alpha} forest data. « less
Matrix coefficients of unitary representations and associated compactifications

We study, for a locally compact group $G$, the compactifications $(\pi,G^\pi)$ associated with unitary representations $\pi$, which we call {\it $\pi$-Eberlein compactifications}. We also study the Gelfand spectra $\Phi_{\mathcal{A}}(\pi)}$ of the uniformly closed algebras $\mathcal{A}(\pi)$ generated by matrix coefficients of such $\pi$. We note that $\Phi_{\mathcal{A}(\pi)}\cup\{0\}$ is itself a semigroup and show that the Silov boundary of $\mathcal{A}(\pi)$ is $G^\pi$. We study containment relations of various uniformly closed algebras generated by matrix coefficients, and give a new characterisation of amenability: the constant function 1 can be uniformly approximated by matrix coefficients of representations weakly contained in the left regular representation if and only if $G$ is amenable. We show that for the universal representation $\omega$, the compactification $(\omega,G^\omega)$ has a certain universality property: it is universal amongst all compactifications of $G$ which may be embedded as contractions on a Hilbert space, a fact which was also recently proved by Megrelishvili. We illustrate our results with examples including various abelian and compact groups, and the $ax+b$-group. In particular, we witness algebras $\fA(\pi)$, for certain non-self-conjugate $\pi$, as being generalised algebras of analytic functions.
Platelet‐activating factor and microvesicle particles as potential mediators for the toxicity associated with intoxicated thermal burn injury

Thermal burn injuries (TBIs) in patients who are alcohol‐intoxicated result in greater morbidity and mortality. The systemic toxicity found in human patients, which includes both immediate systemic cytokine generation with multiple organ failure and a delayed systemic immunosuppression, has previously been replicated in mouse models combining ethanol and localized TBI. Though considerable insights have been provided with these models, the exact mechanisms for these pathologic effects are unclear. In this review, we highlight the roles of the lipid mediator platelet‐activating factor (PAF) and subcellular microvesicle particle (MVP) release in response to intoxicated thermal burn injury (ITBI) as effectors in the pathology. Particularly, MVP is released from keratinocytes in response to PAF receptor (PAFR) activation due to excess PAF produced by ITBI. These subcellular particles carry and thus protect the metabolically labile PAF which enable binding of this potent lipid mediator to several key sites. We hypothesize that PAF carried by MVP can bind to PAFR within the gut, activating myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). The subsequent gut barrier dysfunction in response to MLCK activation then allows bacteria to invade the lymphatic system and, eventually, the bloodstream, resulting in sepsis and resultant dysregulated inflammation in multiple organs. PAF in MVP also activate the skin mast cell PAFR resulting in migration of this key effector cell to the lymph nodes to induce immunosuppression. This review thus provides a mechanism and potential therapeutic approaches for the increased toxicity and immunosuppressive outcomes of TBI in the presence of acute ethanol exposure.
In situ, in vivo, and in vitro approaches for studying AMR plasmid conjugation in the gut microbiome

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat, with evolution and spread of resistance to frontline antibiotics outpacing the development of novel treatments. The spread of AMR is perpetuated by transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) between bacteria, notably those encoded by conjugative plasmids. The human gut microbiome is a known ‘melting pot’ for plasmid conjugation, with ARG transfer in this environment widely documented. There is a need to better understand the factors affecting the incidence of these transfer events, and to investigate methods of potentially counteracting the spread of ARGs. This review describes the use and potential of three approaches to studying conjugation in the human gut: observation of in situ events in hospitalized patients, modelling of the microbiome in vivo predominantly in rodent models, and the use of in vitro models of various complexities. Each has brought unique insights to our understanding of conjugation in the gut. The use and development of these systems, and combinations thereof, will be pivotal in better understanding the significance, prevalence, and manipulability of horizontal gene transfer in the gut microbiome.
G-convergence of linear differential equations

We discuss $G$-convergence of linear integro-differential-algebaric equations in Hilbert spaces. We show under which assumptions it is generic for the limit equation to exhibit memory effects. Moreover, we investigate which classes of equations are closed under the process of $G$-convergence. The results have applications to the theory of homogenization. As an example we treat Maxwell's equation with the Drude-Born-Fedorov constitutive relation.
Chronobiology of Parkinson's disease: Past, present and future

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder predominately affecting midbrain dopaminergic neurons that results in a broad range of motor and non‐motor symptoms. Sleep complaints are among the most common non‐motor symptoms, even in the prodromal period. Sleep alterations in Parkinson's disease patients may be associated with dysregulation of circadian rhythms, intrinsic 24‐h cycles that control essential physiological functions, or with side effects from levodopa medication and physical and mental health challenges. The impact of circadian dysregulation on sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease is not fully understood; as such, we review the systems, cellular and molecular mechanisms that may underlie circadian perturbations in Parkinson's disease. We also discuss the potential benefits of chronobiology‐based personalized medicine in the management of Parkinson's disease both in terms of behavioural and pharmacological interventions. We propose that a fuller understanding of circadian clock function may shed important new light on the aetiology and symptomatology of the disease and may allow for improvements in the quality of life for the millions of people with Parkinson's disease.
Attitude towards people with same gender attraction among Medical students: A cross-sectional study in Southern part of India

Western countries have found that Medical students have a prejudice and negative attitude towards people with same gender attraction. There is a dearth of literature on people with same gender attraction in Indian context. The objective of the study was to assess the attitude towards people with same gender attraction and to find out the predictors of attitude towards the same. A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students across Mangalore, India with a sample size of 672. After informed consent, data was collected and analysed. The study found that medical students had a neutral stance/less positive on people with same gender attraction. Gender and Marital status emerged as predictors of attitude towards people with same gender attraction.
The classifying topos of a group scheme and invariants of symmetric bundles

Let Y be a scheme in which 2 is invertible and let V be a rank n vector bundle on Y endowed with a non‐degenerate symmetric bilinear form q . The orthogonal group O(q) of the form q is a group scheme over Y whose cohomology ring H*(BO(q),Z/2Z)≃AY[HW1(q),…,HWn(q)] is a polynomial algebra over the étale cohomology ring AY:=H*(Yet,Z/2Z) of the scheme Y . Here, the HWi(q) 's are Jardine's universal Hasse–Witt invariants and BO(q) is the classifying topos of O(q) as defined by Grothendieck and Giraud. The cohomology ring H*(BO(q),Z/2Z) contains canonical classes det[q] and [Cq] of degree 1 and 2, respectively, which are obtained from the determinant map and the Clifford group of q . The classical Hasse–Witt invariants wi(q) live in the ring AY .
Kitaev materials beyond iridates: Order by quantum disorder and Weyl magnons in rare-earth double perovskites

Motivated by the experiments on the rare-earth double perovskites, we propose a generalized Kitaev-Heisenberg model to describe the generic interaction between the spin-orbit-entangled Kramers' doublets of the rare-earth moments. We carry out a systematic analysis of the mean-field phase diagram of this new model. In the phase diagram, there exist large regions with a continuous U(1) or O(3) degeneracy. Since no symmetry of the model protects such a continuous degeneracy, we predict that the quantum fluctuation lifts the continuous degeneracy and favors various magnetic orders in the phase diagram. From this order by quantum disorder mechanism, we further predict that the magnetic excitations of the resulting ordered phases are characterized by nearly gapless pseudo-Goldstone modes. We find that there exist Weyl magnon excitations for certain magnetic orders. We expect our prediction to inspire further study of Kitaev physics, the order by quantum disorder phenomenon and topological spin wave modes in the rare-earth magnets and the systems alike.
Surprising lack of magnetism in the conductance channels of Pt atomic chains

Pt is known to show spontaneous formation of chains of metal atoms upon breaking a metallic contact. From model calculations these have been predicted to be spin polarized, which is reasonable in view of the Stoner enhanced susceptibility of bulk Pt and the increased density of states due to the reduced dimensionality. Here, we demonstrate that shot noise reveals information on the magnetic state of Pt atomic chains. Against all predictions, we find clear evidence for a non-magnetic ground state for the conductance channels of Pt atomic chains.
Expression of TCF3 target genes defines a subclass of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma characterized by up-regulation of MYC target genes and poor clinical outcome following R-CHOP therapy

Abstract TCF3 is a lymphopoietic transcription factor that acquires somatic driver mutations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Hypothesizing that expression patterns of TCF3-regulated genes can inform clinical management, we found that unsupervised clustering analysis with 15 TCF3-regulated genes and eight additional ones resolved local DLBCL cases into two main clusters, denoted Groups A and B, of which Group A manifested inferior overall survival (OS, p = 0.0005). We trained a machine learning model to classify samples into the Groups based on expression of the 23 transcripts in an independent validation cohort of 569 R-CHOP-treated DLBCL cases. Group A overlapped with the ABC cell-of-origin subgroup but its prognostic power was superior. GSEA analysis demonstrated asymmetric expression of 30 gene sets between the Groups, pointing to biological differences. We present, validate and make available a novel method to assign DLBCL cases into biologically-distinct groups with divergent OS following R-CHOP therapy.
Minimal dimension of faithful representations for p-groups

Abstract For a group G, we denote by m faithful ⁢ ( G ) ${m_{\textup{faithful}}(G)}$ , the smallest dimension of a faithful complex representation of G. Let F be a non-Archimedean local field with ring of integers 𝒪 ${\mathcal{O}}$ and maximal ideal 𝔭 ${\mathfrak{p}}$ . In this paper, we compute the precise value of m faithful ⁢ ( G ) ${m_{\textup{faithful}}(G)}$ when G is the Heisenberg group over 𝒪 / 𝔭 n ${\mathcal{O}/\mathfrak{p}^{n}}$ . We then use the Weil representation to compute the minimal dimension of faithful representations of the group of unitriangular matrices over 𝒪 / 𝔭 n ${\mathcal{O}/\mathfrak{p}^{n}}$ and many of its subgroups. By a theorem of Karpenko and Merkurjev ([7, Theorem 4.1]), our result yields the precise value of the essential dimension of the latter finite groups.
Prevalence of visual snow and relation to attentional absorption

Visual snow is a condition of unclear prevalence characterized by tiny flickering dots throughout the entire visual field. It appears to result from visual cortex hyperactivity and possibly correlates with propensity to be engrossed in sensory and imaginary experiences (absorption). The prevalence and correlates of visual snow, and emotional reactions to it, were explored in the general Portuguese population with three studies with online surveys. In Study 1, 564 participants were shown an animated graphic simulation of visual snow and asked to rate how frequently they have similar percepts on a scale anchored by 0% and 100% of their waking time. They also reported their degree of distress and fascination resulting from visual snow. Absorption was measured with the Modified Tellegen Absorption Scale. 44% of respondents reported they see visual snow at least 10% of the time, and 20% reported seeing it between 80% and 100% of the time. Similar to findings in clinical samples, the frequency of visual snow correlated with tinnitus frequency and entoptic phenomena, but not with ophthalmologic problems. It was confirmed that visual snow is related to absorption. Although distress caused by visual snow was generally absent or minimal in our samples, a substantial minority (28%) reported moderate to high levels of distress. High fascination with visual snow was reported by 9%. In Studies 2 and 3, visual snow was measured by means of verbal descriptions without graphic simulation (“visual field full of tiny dots of light” and “world seen with many dots of light”, respectively). The results were similar to those in Study 1, but seeing visual snow 80%-100% of the time was less frequent (6.5% in Study 2 and 3.6% in Study 3). Visual snow has been insufficiently investigated. More research is needed to uncover underlying neurophysiological mechanisms and psychological and behavioral correlates.
Log-Poisson non-Gaussianity of Lyα transmitted flux fluctuations at high redshift

We investigate the non-Gaussian features of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at redshift z similar to 5-6 using the Ly alpha transmitted flux of quasar absorption spectra and a cosmological hydrodynamic simulation of the concordance Lambda CDM universe. We show that the neutral hydrogen mass density field and Ly alpha transmitted flux fluctuations possess all the non-Gaussian features predicted by the log-Poisson hierarchy. This depends only on two dimensionless parameters beta and gamma, describing, respectively, the intermittence and singularity of the random fields. We find that the non-Gaussianity of the Ly alpha transmitted flux of quasars from z = 4.9 to z = 6.3 can be well reconstructed by the hydrodynamical simulation samples. Although the Gunn-Peterson optical depth and its variance undergoes a significant evolution in the redshift range of 5-6, the intermittency measured by beta is almost redshift-independent in this range. More interestingly, the intermittency of the quasar's absorption spectra on physical scales 0.1-1 h(-1) Mpc in redshift 5-6 is found to be about the same as that on physical scales 1-10 h(-1) Mpc at redshifts 2-4. Considering the Jeans length is less than 0.1 h(-1) Mpc at z similar to 5, and 1 h(-1) Mpc at z similar to 2, these results imply that the non-linear evolution in high and low redshifts will lead the cosmic baryon fluid to a state similar to fully developed turbulence. The log-Poisson high-order behaviour of the current high-redshift data of a quasar's spectrum can be explained by the uniform ultraviolet background in the redshift range considered. We have also studied the log-Poisson non-Gaussianity by considering an inhomogeneous background. With several simplified models of the inhomogeneous background, we have found that the effect of the inhomogeneous background on the log-Poisson non-Gaussianity is no larger than 1 sigma.
Artificial intelligence applied to the automatic analysis of absorption spectra. Objective measurement of the fine structure constant

A new and automated method is presented for the analysis of high-resolution absorption spectra. Three established numerical methods are unified into one "artificial intelligence" process: a genetic algorithm (GVPFIT); non-linear least-squares with parameter constraints (VPFIT); and Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA). The method has broad application but here we apply it specifically to the problem of measuring the fine structure constant at high redshift. For this we need objectivity and reproducibility. GVPFIT is also motivated by the importance of obtaining a large statistical sample of measurements of $\Delta\alpha/\alpha$. Interactive analyses are both time consuming and complex and automation makes obtaining a large sample feasible. In contrast to previous methodologies, we use BMA to derive results using a large set of models and show that this procedure is more robust than a human picking a single preferred model since BMA avoids the systematic uncertainties associated with model choice. Numerical simulations provide stringent tests of the whole process and we show using both real and simulated spectra that the unified automated fitting procedure out-performs a human interactive analysis. The method should be invaluable in the context of future instrumentation like ESPRESSO on the VLT and indeed future ELTs. We apply the method to the $z_{abs} = 1.8389$ absorber towards the $z_{em} = 2.145$ quasar J110325-264515. The derived constraint of $\Delta\alpha/\alpha = 3.3 \pm 2.9 \times 10^{-6}$ is consistent with no variation and also consistent with the tentative spatial variation reported in Webb et al (2011) and King et al (2012).
Computational prediction of B and T-cell epitopes of Kyasanur Forest Disease virus marker proteins towards the development of precise diagnosis and potent subunit vaccine

Abstract Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), also known as ‘monkey fever’, caused by KFD Virus (KFDV), is a highly neglected tropical disease endemic to Western Ghat region of Karnataka, India. Recently, KFD, which is fatal for both monkeys and humans with a mortality rate of 2–10% has been found to spread from its epicenter to neighboring districts and states also. The current ELISA based KFD detection method is very non-specific due to cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. Further, presently available formalin-inactivated vaccine has been found to be less effective leading to disease susceptibility and severity. To address these, the present study was aimed at predicting the potent specific B and T-cell epitopes of KFDV immunogenic marker proteins using diverse computational tools aiming at developing precise diagnostic method and an effective subunit vaccine. Here, we have chosen E, NS1 and NS5 proteins as markers of KFDV by taking into account of their differential and non-overlapping sequences with selected arboviruses. Based on the linear and nonlinear epitope prediction tools and important biophysical parameters, we identified three potential linear and ten nonlinear B-cell epitopes. We also predicted T-cell epitope peptides which binds to MHC class-I and class-II receptors for the effective T-cell activation. Thus, our molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analysis has identified six different TH-cell epitopes based on the distribution frequency of MHC-II haplotypes in the human population and one TC-cell epitope from NS5 protein that has maximum interaction with class-I MHC. Overall, we have successfully identified potential B and T-cell epitope marker peptides present in the envelope and two non-structural proteins. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
COMPUTATION OF NEUTRON STAR STRUCTURE USING MODERN EQUATION OF STATE

Using the modern equations of state derived from microscopic calculations, we have calculated the neutron star structure. For the neutron star, we have obtained a minimum mass about 0.1 M⊙ which is nearly independent of the equation of state, and a maximum mass between 1.47 M⊙ and 1.98 M⊙ which is strongly dependent on the equation of state. It is shown that among the equations of state of neutron star matter which we have used, the stiffest one leads to higher maximum mass and radius and lower central density. It is seen that the given maximum mass for the Reid-93 equation of state shows a good consistency with the accurate observations of radio pulsars. We have indicated that the thickness of neutron star crust is very small compared to the predicted neutron star radius.
Modified scattering for the Klein-Gordon equation with the critical nonlinearity in three dimensions

In this paper, we consider the final state problem for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation (NLKG) with a critical nonlinearity in three space dimensions: \begin{document}$(\Box+1)u = λ|u|^{2/3}u$\end{document} , \begin{document}$t∈\mathbb{R}$\end{document} , \begin{document}$x∈\mathbb{R}^{3}$\end{document} , where \begin{document}$\Box = \partial_{t}^{2}-Δ$\end{document} is d'Alembertian. We prove that for a given asymptotic profile \begin{document}$u_{\mathrm{ap}}$\end{document} , there exists a solution \begin{document}$u$\end{document} to (NLKG) which converges to \begin{document}$u_{\mathrm{ap}}$\end{document} as \begin{document}$t\to∞$\end{document} . Here the asymptotic profile \begin{document}$u_{\mathrm{ap}}$\end{document} is given by the leading term of the solution to the linear Klein-Gordon equation with a logarithmic phase correction. Construction of a suitable approximate solution is based on the combination of Fourier series expansion for the nonlinearity used in our previous paper [ 23 ] and smooth modification of phase correction by Ginibre and Ozawa [ 6 ].