Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optics of the offshore Columbia River plume from glider observations and satellite imagery

The Columbia River (CR) is the largest source of freshwater along the U.S. Pacific coast. The resultant plume is often transported southward and offshore forming a large buoyant feature off Oregon and northern California in spring-summer—the offshore CR plume. Observations from autonomous underwater gliders and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery are used to characterize the optics of the offshore CR plume off Newport, Oregon. Vertical sections, under contrasting river flow conditions, reveal a low-salinity and warm surface layer of 20–25 m (fresher in spring and warmer in summer), high Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) concentration, and backscatter, and associated with the base of the plume high chlorophyll fluorescence. Plume characteristics vary in the offshore direction as the warm and fresh surface layer thickens progressively to an average 30–40 m of depth 270–310 km offshore; CDOM, backscatter, and chlorophyll fluorescence decrease in the upper 20 m and increase at subsurface levels (30–50 m depth). MODIS normalized water-leaving radiance (nLw(k)) spectra for CR plume cases show enhanced water-leaving radiance at green bands (as compared to no-CR plume cases) up to 154 km from shore. Farther offshore, the spectral shapes for both cases are very similar, and consequently, a contrasting color signature of low-salinity plume water is practically imperceptible from ocean color remote sensing. Empirical algorithms based on multivariate regression analyses of nLw(k) plus SST data produce more accurate results detecting offshore plume waters than previous studies using single visible bands (e.g., adg(412) or nLw(555)).
A new Upper Cretaceous titanosaur nesting site from La Rioja (NW Argentina), with implications for titanosaur nesting strategies

Cretaceous titanosaur nesting sites are currently known only from Europe, Asia and South America. In the latter, only the Auca Mahuevo and Sanagasta nesting sites have been confidently assigned to this clade of sauropod dinosaurs. Here we report the discovery of the first eggs and egg clutches found at Tama, a new Upper Cretaceous fossiliferous locality in the Los Llanos Formation, Sierra de Los Llanos (La Rioja, NW Argentina). At least five egg clutches, several partially preserved, isolated eggs and many eggshell fragments were discovered in a single outcrop of a sandstone horizon which represents a cumulative palaeosol profile. Although the mechanical and digital preparation of eggs did not reveal any embryonic remains in ovo, the morphology of the eggs and eggshells closely matches that of titanosaur eggs and eggshells found worldwide. The morphology and spatial grouping of the titanosaur eggs from Tama, along with geological observations support a burrow‐nesting strategy for these dinosaurs. Although the Sanagasta and Tama eggs were found in the same stratigraphical unit and share several morphological characters, they clearly differ in shell thickness and egg size. This, coupled with the interpretation of different sedimentary contexts for these nesting sites, strongly suggests that at least two different titanosaur species nested in La Rioja during the Late Cretaceous, using different nesting strategies. The occurrence of this new titanosaur nesting site in a semiarid palaeoenvironment represents an interesting case study for the reproductive biology of the titanosaur dinosaurs, particularly their labile nesting behaviour.
Evaluating pluton-volcano relationships: an example from the Mount Givens Granodiorite

ii ABSTRACT RYAN E. FRAZER: Evaluating pluton-volcano relationships: an example from the Mount Givens Granodiorite (Under the direction of Drew S. Coleman) Zircon U-Pb geochronology indicates that the Mount Givens Granodiorite (MGG) of the Sierra Nevada batholith, California, was constructed over at least 7 Ma from 98-91 Ma. Chemical and volumetric similarities between homogenous ignimbrites (monotonous intermediates; MIs) and plutons such as the MGG led some to suggest a genetic relationship between the two. However, there are three issues regarding this link: 1) large plutons like the MGG accumulated at estimated rates of 0.001 km 3 /a, 1-2 orders of magnitude less than fluxes calculated for MIs; 2) zircon dissolution modeling indicates that rejuvenation events thought to affect MIs would not sufficiently dissolve zircon that should record multi-Ma growth of a crystal-rich mush 3) the Sierra Nevada batholith apparently lacks mafic plutons large enough to initiate MI eruptions. I suggest that MI eruptions are caused by high flux events, leaving little behind in the intrusive rock record, whereas low fluxes favor pluton growth. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would foremost like to thank my advisor, Dr. Drew S. Coleman, for his vision, direction, encouragement and humor, which were fundamental to the successful completion of this project. I would also like to thank Dr. Allen F. Glazner for his valuable knowledge and comments on the project, and Dr. Kevin S. Stewart for his insights and support. This project benefitted greatly from conversations and technical aid from Drs. Ryan D. Mills and Jeremy Inglis. I would also like to acknowledge Miquela Ingalls for lending assistance in the lab and Courtney Beck for her cheerful help in the field. The support of my family and especially Sarah Miller were essential my work on this project.
TEMPERATURE PRETREATMENT EFFECTS ON TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE L . SEED DORMANCY AND GERMINATION

The cause of seed dormancy relief may be various external factors, however the most data suggest particular role of temperature, especially it is seasonally changing environmental cue. The impact of temperature on hydrotime model parameters of red clover seeds has not been studied up to date. The aim of the study was to determine the water relations of red clover seeds during germination after different constant or fluctuating temperature pretreatment in a dry and moist seedbed, on the basis of the hydrotime model. The highest germination was obtained as a result of temperatures in a moist seedbed thanks to a shift of the mean base water potential towards negative values. Alternating positive temperatures broke the dormancy of red clover seeds to the greatest extent. The use of the hydrotime model to characterise and predict relief of combinational dormancy may be a very effective approach, especially for cultivars, which contains a small percentage of hard seeds. Red clover seeds do not need extreme temperatures or large amplitudes of temperatures alternation to break dormancy in temperate climates. Our results acknowledged the advisability of sowing red clover in autumn because exposition to winter and early spring conditions allow seeds to reach a high vigour and successfully emerge in spring. Address: Anna Bochenek, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. M. Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland, phone: +48 (89) 523 4889, e-mail: anna.bochenek@uwm.edu. pl WPŁYW TEMPERATURY WSTĘPNEGO PRZECHOWYWANIA NA KIEŁKOWANIE I SPOCZYNEK NASION TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE L. Anna Bochenek, Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska, Janusz Gołaszewski 1 Katedra Fizjologii, Genetyki i Biotechnologii Roślin 2 Katedra Agrotechnologii, Zarządzania Produkcją Rolniczą i Agrobiznesu 3 Katedra Hodowli Roślin i Nasiennictwa Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, Polska S ł o w a k l u c z o w e: nasiona twarde, modelowanie hydroczasowe, koniczyna czerwona, parametry fizjologiczne nasion.
The Need for Speed : Automating Acceptance Testing in an eXtreme Programming Environment –

Publisher UPGRADE is published on behalf of CEPIS (Council of European Professional Informatics Societies, http://www.cepis.org/) by Novática (http://www.ati.es/novatica/) and Informatik/Informatique (http://www.svifsi.ch/revue/) Chief Editors François Louis Nicolet, Zurich <nicolet@acm.org> Rafael Fernández Calvo, Madrid <rfcalvo@ati.es> Editorial Board Prof. Wolffried Stucky, CEPIS President Gloria Nistal Rosique and Rafael Fernández Calvo, ATI Prof. Carl August Zehnder and François Louis Nicolet, SVI/FSI English Editors: Mike Andersson, Richard Butchart, David Cash, Arthur Cook, Tracey Darch, Laura Davies, Nick Dunn, Rodney Fennemore, Hilary Green Roger Harris, Michael Hird, Jim Holder, Alasdair MacLeod, Pat Moody, Adam David Moss, Phil Parkin, Brian Robson Cover page designed by Antonio Crespo Foix, © ATI 2002 Layout: Pascale Schürmann E-mail addresses for editorial correspondence: <nicolet@acm.org> and <rfcalvo@ati.es> E-mail address for advertising correspondence: <novatica@ati.es> Copyright © Novática and Informatik/Informatique. All rights reserved. Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. For copying, reprint, or republication permission, write to the editors. The opinions expressed by the authors are their exclusive responsibility. The European Online Magazine for the IT Professional http://www.upgrade-cepis.org Vol. III, No. 2, April 2002
Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating for Dala granite in the Tethyan Himalaya and its geological implication

The Dala granite intruded into the Lower Paleozoic low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Yalaxaingbo gneiss dome,the easternmost of the Northern Himalayan gneiss Dome.Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating show latest growth rim of zircon grains has the ages of 44.31±0.36Ma,representing the emplacement age of the Dala pluton.However,ages of the inherited cores are greater than 526Ma,and can be up to 1943Ma.Such a feature suggests that the source of the Dala granite is ancient metasediments.The Dala granite is peraluminous as suggested by the presence of minerals (e.g.muscovite,and corundum in its CIPW norm),A/CNK1.1. REE and trace element geochemistry of the Dala granite are similar to those in the upper crust and high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Yalaxiangbo gneiss dome.These granites are strongly enriched in Th and depleted in Nb.These features indicate that the Dala granite is S type granite and possibly derived from partial melting of Himalayan metasedimentary rocks.The Dala granite is plotted into the collision type granite regime in the discrimination diagrams for tectonic settings such as Yb-Ta、(Y + Nb)-Rb、CaO-(TFeO + MgO) and SiO_2-(TFeO/(TFeO + MgO). Therefore,our data strongly suggest that the Dala granite formed and emplaced during the main stage of collision between Indian and Eurasia plate.Collision between the Indian and Eurasian plate during 65-40Ma resulted in crustal overthickening and in turn heating of the mid-to lower crustal materials,and eventually partial melting of deeper level crustal rocks.
DIRECTIONAL NEARSHORE WAVE PROPAGATION OVER A RIP CHANNEL: AN EXPERIMENT

The aim of these tests was to study wave propagation on a beach, including the surf zone, and nearshore circulation produced by breakers in the presence of a rip channel. The tests were carried out in a multidirectional wave tank. The initial series of tests concerned the case of a plane beach sloping at 1 in 30. The second series was performed with a rip channel excavated in the beach. Conventional wave measurements were taken at 50 different points. Measurements of the multidirectional waves and rip current were taken at 7 points along the channel centre line. During the tests, various types of wave (monochromatic, random monodirectional and multidirectional) were tested and the results obtained were compared with identical starting conditions.
A Compare of Fuzzy Logic and Entropy Models: A Case Study of Assessment Analysis of Geohazard Susceptibility in Jianshi County of Qingjiang River Basin

Fuzzy logic model and entropy model are useful for the geohazard susceptibility zonation in Jianshi County of Qingjiang River Basin. In this paper, the same impact factors were chosen and the geohazard samples were considered in two cases with quantitative analysis method. The first case 162 geohazards chosen as samples and the other one all of 182 geohazards chose as samples. The authors completed the susceptibility zonation in the two different cases using the two models in order to analysis the effects of the two models. The results of the two models in different cases were almost the same in space, except small differences in some areas. The entropy model was more accurate for the analysis of relationship between impact factors and geohazards, but not stable for different geohazard samples. The fuzzy logic model was better for less geohazard samples. According to the analysis process, it was found that the fuzzy γ operation was the best which was defined in terms of the fuzzy algebraic product and the fuzzy algebraic sum. The results of fuzzy logic model were most useful when γ was 0.20. The fuzzy logic model and entropy model were useful for the geohazard susceptibility which was scientific and useful for the government to manage the geohazards and make the preliminary development plans.
DESTRUCTION OF YOUNG FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR L. STANDS AND MINERAL NUTRITION STATUS IN LATVIA, A PILOT STUDY

The results showed a relatively high variability in the soil chemical composition for the background level, healthy and damaged F. excelsior. In general, the results revealed several differences for the accumulation of nutrients in tree leaves: significant lower concentration of Ca, Mg and S in the healthy tree leaves to compare with the background level and significant lower concentrations of N, Ca, Mg and Cu in the damaged tree leaves to compare with the healthy ones, as well as a slight tendency to accumulate lower concentrations of K, S, Mn, and Zn in the damaged tree leaves.
SELECTION OF PARAMETERIZATION IN MM5 FOR THE ESTIMA TIO OF RAINFALL IN BANGLADESH

Bangladesb is one of Ibe regions of heaviest rainfall in the world BL1t Bangladesh Mncorolog' I DepllJ:UnCl1t (BMO) is baving only s-band weather radar to collect data for one hour W11b two hours p 10 ve the c t magnetron, Su h type of break of dala collection is grcat. hindranoe to wdy the convecuve sy hen:. Also tbe surface mill-gauges are very Ltmited in nL1fDbcr. In ibiS circumstance. non--by wic model MM5 would be a good tool for ! he estimation of precipitation LD Bangladesb area once us nsnivily is known to ! he concerned. With a view to estimate the minfaIj tn a beltl! r manner. a c mpm I ~D-gaug data and TRMM 3842RT products with th oulputs of len MMj model options been dw:ICCI f; lh dLlfation of 138 hours from 201025 May 2002. By t1us way. he suitable paflllllctel1l (,on cbmJc of MMS Cor the simulation of ra iDfall in Bangladesh is rnvestipted as a case sUJdy. The imula! ed rainfall paltem from MM5 nearly agrees with lh.e ground-based observational daLtl . However, dlflerent I optiOn' demonstrate some variations in differen l observation methods as well as dOIrullns For c: re (.LilII n 45 IC 45 Icm mesh) Anthes-Kuo (Ku) cumulLlS scheme with Blacklld r pl:mtury boIIndary I yer (PBL) and for n ItU domain mesh reso lutions 15 x 15 km! and 5)( 5 km~ Ku and GrcllcL1I1U1ILlS schellll:J With MRfl PBL re pecuvely nrc found better with respectlo TRMM value , KEY WORD: Precipitation . calibration. sImulation. cumulus parametc((llltiOD,
Zircon U-Pb Age and Isotope Geochemistry of Neoproterozoic Jingtan Volcanics in South Anhui

Zircon U-Pb ages,whole-rock elements,Sr-Nd isotopes,and mineral O isotopes were determined for Neoproterozoic Jingtan vocanics in South Anhui.Zircon U-Pb dating indicates:the Jingtan volcanics consist of two episodes of volcanic rocks with the formation ages of 820±16 Ma and 776±10 Ma,respectively.The Jingtan volcanics show high contents of mafic components(ΣTiO2+Fe2O3T+MgO)of 4.7%to 16.36%,LREE enrichment,moderate negative Eu anomalies,strong enrichment in large ion lithospheric elements(LILE)of K,Rb,Ba,Th and U,but pronounced negative anomalies of Sr and high field elements(HFSE)of Nb,Ta and Ti relative to the neighboring elements.Neutral whole-rock e Nd(t)values of-2.79 to-1.71 imply their derivation from elatively juvenile crust.High A/CNK ratios of 1.37 to 1.61 and high zirconδ18O values of 6.52 to 8.98‰point to a supracrustal orign characteristic of S-type magmatic ocks.Quartz,plagioclase and K-feldspar show O isotope disequilibria when paired with zircon,suffered different degrees of post-magmatic alteration at subsolidus temperatures.On the basis of the element and isotope geochemistry,776±10 Ma Jingtan volcanics and Shi’ershan granites are coeval.The Jingtan volcanics were directly derived from the melting of the sediments of juvenile crust,but the main source rocks for the Shi’ershan granites are about 825 Ma magmatic rocks,indirectly derived from the resetting of early Neoproterozoic juvenile crust.It is the juvenile crust in the Jiangnan orogen that was repeatedly worked due to extensional collapse of arc-continent collision orogen during the Rodinia breakup,resulting in this episode of volcanic rocks.They are neither the product of mantle superplume activity,nor the direct product of island arc magmatism,but a product of plate-rift magmatism.
This information is current as Regulation Myeloid Cells in T CellhiPlasticity of Ly-6 C Elyaman

CD11b + Ly-6C hi cells, including inflammatory monocytes (IMCs) and inflammatory dendritic cells (IDCs), are important in infectious , autoimmune, and tumor models. However, their role in T cell regulation is controversial. In this article, we show that T cell regulation by IMCs and IDCs is determined by their activation state and is plastic during an immune response. Non-activated IMCs and IDCs function as APCs, but activated IMCs and IDCs suppress T cells through NO production. Suppressive IMCs are induced by IFN-g, GM-CSF, TNF-a, and CD154 derived from activated T cells during their interaction. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, CD11b + Ly-6C hi cells in the CNS are increasingly activated from disease onset to peak and switch their function from Ag presentation to T cell suppression. Furthermore, transfer of activated IMCs or IDCs enhances T cell apoptosis in the CNS and suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These data highlight the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity: immunization leads to the expansion of Ly-6C hi myeloid cells initially promoting T cell function. As T cells become highly activated in the target tissue, they induce activation and NO production in Ly-6C hi myeloid cells, which in turn suppress T cells and lead to the contraction of local immune response. M ononuclear leukocytes, including monocytes, macro-phages, and dendritic cells, play essential roles in shaping the T cell response (1, 2). They sense danger signals, capture and present Ags, program T cell activation and differentiation, and also participate in the immune effector functions. In contrast, because of their close interaction with T cells and the ability to migrate into inflammatory tissues, there has been increased interest in studying the mechanisms by which mono-nuclear leukocytes regulate autoimmune T cells (3–6). Blood monocytes can be classified into two distinct populations: CD11b + Ly-6C 2 CX3CR1 hi resident monocytes and CD11b + Ly-6C hi CCR2 + inflammatory monocytes (IMCs) (7). During an active immune response, IMCs emigrate from the bone marrow in response to MCP-1 and MCP-3 (8, 9), migrate through the blood to inflamed tissues, and then differentiate into macrophages and CD11c + inflammatory dendritic cells (IDCs) (7, 10, 11). In Toxoplasma gondii, Listeria, and Leshimania infection models, IMCs and IDCs play critical roles in microbial clearance (12–15). In addition to their innate effector function, adoptive transfer of ex vivo-purified IMCs enhances CD8 + T cell response in vivo (7, 16). IDCs isolated from Leshimania-infected mice also promoted …
Accumulation conditions of the Lower Cambrian shale gas in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery

Through observations,sampling and laboratory analyses of 15 black shale outcrops in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery,we studied shale-gas accumulation conditions of the Lower Cambrian black shale,such as depositional facies,types and contents of organic matter and its maturity,distribution,porosity and gas contents of the black shale etc.Compared with major U.S.gas-producing shales,the Lower Cambrian shale in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery was characterized by great thickness,abundance of organic carbon,high maturity and elevated gas content,being capable of good geological conditions for shale-gas reservoir development.Some applied indices,such as thickness of the shale,content of organic matter,maturity and gas content,with a superimposition method of integrated information indicated that the most favorable areas for shale-gas accumulations in the Lower Cambrian shale are the southern Sichuan-northern Guizhou-central Guizhou,western Hubei-eastern Chongqing and northeast Sichuan.Based on the measured gas content,the amount of shale-gas resources in the Lower Cambrian was calculated with the volumetric method to be 3.3×1012m3~11.4×1012m3,with a median value of 7.4×1012m3.
The Prevalence of Trypanosomosis in Female Wad Goats in Three Local Government Areas of Ibadan, Nigeria

Trypanosomosis is one of the major challenges to the utilization of the vast agricultural endowment of tropical Africa. The West African dwarf (WAD) goat is perhaps the most adapted goat to the climate in tropical Africa. This study investigated the prevalence of trypanosome infection in the WAD goat from three local government areas in Ibadan, the biggest city in West Africa between March-December, 2008. Wet, thin, thick films, Haematocrit Centrifugation Technique and Buffy Coat methods were used to detect trypanosomes in the blood samples collected through the jugular vein from One thousand, four hundred and fourteen goats. T. congolense alone accounted for the highest infection (i.e. 58.33%) while mixed infection involving T. congolense and T. vivax accounted for the least (i.e. 4.17%) infection. The percentages of infection caused by T. vivax, T. brucei and mixed infection with T. vivax and T. brucei were 16.67, 8.33 and 12.5%, respectively. No single blood sample was positive for mixed infection between T. congolense and T. brucei. The study showed that the total prevalence of trypanosomosis in WAD goat from the 3 local government areas in Ibadan was 1.70%. These results confirmed the prevalence of trypanosome infection in female WAD goats in Ibadan and could serve as a basis for future research efforts on trypanosome infection in the WAD goat in the locality.
17. CONSOLIDATION CHARACTERISTICS OF WEDDELL SEA SEDIMENTS: RESULTS OF ODP LEG 113 1

Examination of the geotechnical characteristics of Weddell Sea, Maud Rise, and South Orkney microcontinental margin sediments recovered during ODP Leg 113 reveals that the reduction in porosity (consolidation) of the siliciclas­ tic, calcareous, and diatomaceous sediments is primarily a process governed by vertical stresses created by overburden. The initial porosity of the sediments in these areas is governed by the amount of diatoms present. The more diatoms, the higher the porosity. Surficial diatom-rich sediments are everywhere overconsolidated. This is attributed to the strong microfabric created by the diatoms, calcareous and clay particles. The deeper diatom-free sediments of Maud Rise range from slightly un­ derconsolidated to normally consolidated. The silty clays and clays of the Weddell Sea and South Orkney margin are underconsolidated. The degree of underconsolidation of these sediments is similar to that determined in a number of different locations throughout the world's oceans. The very low permeability of the Weddell Sea and South Orkney margin sediments appears to account for this underconsolidation.