Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Geometric Parameters of Conical Acrylic Portholes on Their Stress–Strain Behaviour

Translucent elements in the form of truncated cones, which are made of organic glass, are widely used in the structures of portholes, submersible vessels, space vehicles, pressure chambers, teleboxes and other types of technical equipment. The decisive factor in designing portholes is to ensure the strength of their translucent elements. In order to reduce the weight of portholes and, accordingly, to increase the payload, it is necessary to optimise the geometric parameters of the translucent elements, which include the tapering angle and the ratio of thickness to radius of the smaller base. The paper deals with development of the applied (engineering) method for determining the stress–strain behaviour of the conical translucent elements of portholes made of organic glass under the action of a uniform hydrostatic pressure. Finite-element modelling of the translucent element of the conical porthole is performed, with the calculation of its stress–strain behaviour. External hydrostatic pressure of 10 MPa, absence of loads from the inside and continuous sliding of the translucent element with friction along the conical supporting surface of the porthole metal body are the boundary conditions for the computational model. Full-scale tests of translucent elements of portholes made of organic glass were performed under the action of uniform hydrostatic pressure. Analysis of the influence of geometric characteristics of the portholes on stress–strain behaviour showed that the increase in the tapering angle at the constant relative thickness of the translucent element reduced its axial displacement in all cases. Equivalent stresses acquire minimum values when the tapering angle is in the range from 75° to 105° (when the relative thickness increases, the optimal tapering angle becomes smaller). It is shown that the developed method for determination of the stress–strain behaviour of the conical translucent elements of portholes made of organic glass reflects the real picture of deformation and agrees with the results of full-scale tests. Results of the work allow us to choose the rational parameters of the translucent element for increasing the reliability of portholes through the creation of an effective distribution of stresses and strains in the translucent element, and improving its optical characteristics due to a relatively small deflection in operation.
Layout Aware Semantic Element Extraction for Sustainable Science & Technology Decision Support

New scientific and technological (S&T) knowledge is being introduced rapidly, and hence, analysis efforts to understand and analyze new published S&T documents are increasing daily. Automated text mining and vision recognition techniques alleviate the burden somewhat, but the various document layout formats and knowledge content granularities across the S&T field make it challenging. Therefore, this paper proposes LA-SEE (LAME and Vi-SEE), a knowledge graph construction framework that simultaneously extracts meta-information and useful image objects from S&T documents in various layout formats. We adopt Layout-aware Metadata Extraction (LAME), which can accurately extract metadata from various layout formats, and implement a transformer-based instance segmentation (i.e., Vision based Semantic Elements Extraction (Vi-SEE)) to maximize the vision-based semantic element recognition. Moreover, to constructing a scientific knowledge graph consisting of multiple S&T documents, we newly defined an extensible Semantic Elements Knowledge Graph (SEKG) structure. For now, we succeeded in extracting about 6 million semantic elements from 49,649 PDFs. In addition, to illustrate the potential power of our SEKG, we provide two promising application scenarios, such as a scientific knowledge guide across multiple S&T documents and questions and answering over scientific tables.
Bubbles, Crashes, and Ups and Downs in Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence∗

We analyze the ups and downs in economic growth in recent decades by constructing a model with recurrent bubbles, crashes, and endogenous growth that can be easily taken to the data for structural estimation. Infinitely lived households expect future bubbles, which crowds out investment and reduces economic growth. For realized bubbles crowd in investment, their overall impact on economic growth and welfare crucially depends on both the level of financial development and the frequency of bubbles. We examine the US economic data through the lens of our model and identify bubbly episodes. Counterfactual simulations suggest that 1) the IT and housing bubbles not only caused economic booms but also lifted U.S. GDP by almost 2 percentage points permanently; and 2) the U.S. economy could have grown even faster in the long run if people had believed that asset bubbles would never arise.
Morphometry of the Occipital Condyles in Adult Nigerians

Objective: To determine the morphometric parameters of the occipital condyle (OC) in adult Nigerians using computed tomography (CT). Methods: Following ethical approval, the morphometric parameters of the OC of 336 adult Nigerians (199 males, 137 females) aged ≥20 years were measured on brain CT images stored at the Radiology Department of a tertiary hospital. Results: Males had significantly larger metric parameters than females. The measurements showed significant differences in the various 10 years' age groups. The width, and distance from anterior tips to basion, and opisthion showed significant side differences. There was a significant positive correlation between the right, and left OC morphometric parameters (P<0.05). Conclusion: The morphometry of the OC in the studied population differed from previous literature reports. Therefore, consideration of population specific morphometry is paramount for safe craniovertebral junction surgeries and in the design of customised OC implants.
Is Pre-operative HRCT Temporal Bone findings consistent with Tympano-mastoid surgical findings?

Introduction:Chronic otitis media (squamosal disease) remains a significant health problem in terms of prevalence and sequelae. The recurrent episodes of otorrhoea and mucosal changes are characterized by bone erosions, and osteitis of temporal bone and ear ossicles. This is followed by ossicular destructions and/or ankylosing which together with the tympanic membrane perforation contributes to the hearing loss. Now-a-days, HRCT of the temporal bone is gaining popularity as a diagnostic modality in COM. Computed tomography scan has allowed good preoperative imaging of anatomy and extent of the disease.Aims and objectives:To correlate pre-operative HRCT temporal bone findings with operative findings of patients undergoing tympano-mastoid surgery in chronic otitis media cases and also to assess the extent of disease. Materials and methods:All patients of COM (squamosal disease) attending the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly from 1 November 2018 to 31 October 2019. Preoperative HRCT were carried out and compared with intraoperatives findings.Results:Evaluation of 50 patients and their HRCT can provide excellent details of temporal bone anatomy, extension of cholesteatoma, status of the ossicles, facial nerve, tegmen and sinus plate. Conclusion: HRCT represents the predominant modality for defining the bony anatomy of temporal bone as well as pathologics alterations in that anatomy caused by cholesteatoma. The CT scan can accurately predict the extent of disease and is helpful for detection of dural plate erosion and ossicular erosions. Keyword: Temporal bone, Computed tomography, Cholesteatoma, Ossicular destruction, This is an Open Access article that uses a fund-ing model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.
Air-gap Discharge Characteristics in Transformer Oil-paper Insulation and Gas Generation Law

Partial discharge of transformer's oil-paper insulation is one of the main reasons for the aging and disruption of operating transformer insulation. Understanding the emergence and development of partial discharge and the variation law of producing gas in time can determine internal latent fault and its development of transformer. Therefore,based on the air-gap discharge model,the emergence and development of air-gap partial discharge in the transformer oil-paper insulation,as well as the variation of its characteristic parameters,were researched. Moreover,the emergence and variation law of dissolved gas in oil with the development of discharge was experimentally analyzed. The experimental results show that:oil-paper air-gap discharge is produced by the main gas as H2,CH4,and CO,with the discharge time of growth; the absolute gas production rate shows a downward trend; combined with fuzzy diagnosis,and the relationship between air-gap discharge and dissolved gas in oil reveals that,in the three-ratio coded with the greatest degree of air-gap,the discharge-related code is "100".
Hot Water Distribution System Model Enhancements

This project involves enhancement of the HWSIM distribution system model to more accurately model pipe heat transfer. Recent laboratory testing efforts have indicated that the modeling of radiant heat transfer effects is needed to accurately characterize piping heat loss. An analytical methodology for integrating radiant heat transfer was implemented with HWSIM. Laboratory test data collected in another project was then used to validate the model for a variety of uninsulated and insulated pipe cases (copper, PEX, and CPVC). Results appear favorable, with typical deviations from lab results less than 8%.
Optimal minimum wages∗

We develop a quantitative spatial model with heterogeneous firms and a monopsonistic labour market to derive minimum wages that maximize employment or welfare. Quantifying the model for German micro regions, we find that the German minimum wage, set at 48% of the national mean wage, has increased aggregate worker welfare by about 2.1% at the cost or reducing employment by about 0.3%. The welfaremaximizing federal minimum wage, at 60% of the national mean wage, would increase aggregate worker welfare by 4%, but reduce employment by 5.6%. An employmentmaximizing regional wage, set at 50% of the regional mean wage, would achieve a similar aggregate welfare effect and increase employment by 1.1%.
Economic Growth in a Cooperative Economy

We develop and formalize an equilibrium concept for a dynamic economy in which production takes place in worker cooperatives. The concept rules out allocations of workers to cooperatives in which a worker in one cooperative could move to a different cooperative and make both herself and the existing workers in the receiving cooperative better off. It also rules out allocations in which workers in a cooperative would be made better off by some of the other workers leaving. We also provide a minimum-information equilibrium-selection criterion which operationalizes our equilibrium concept. We illustrate the application of our concept and operationalization in the context of an overlapping-generation economy with specific preferences and technology. The cooperative economy follows a dynamic path qualitatively similar to the path followed by a capitalist economy, featuring gradual convergence to a steady state with constant output. However the cooperative economy features a static inefficiency, in that, for a given aggregate capital stock, firm size is smaller than what a social planner would choose. On the other hand, the cooperative economy cannot be dynamically inefficient, and could accumulate capital at a rate that is higher or lower than the capitalist economy. As a result, steady-state income per worker could be higher or lower in the cooperative economy. We also present an illustrative calibration which quantitatively compares steady-state incomes and welfare in a cooperative and in a capitalist economy. ∗London School of Economics and London School of Economics, Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM), and Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR). We are grateful for comments and suggestions received at presentations at the LSE, CREI-UPF, Stanford, Penn State, and Birkbeck.
Live demonstration versus multimedia: A comparison of two educational methods of orthodontic dental cast trimming

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two educational methods: live practical and multimedia demonstrations of dental cast trimming. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, all 44 dental students from Zanjan University Dental School who were studying in the 8th semester entered the study. Using simple randomization, we assigned them to two groups. Multimedia and live demonstrations were used in the intervention (n=21) and control (n=23) groups, respectively. Knowledge of students was assessed using pre-test and post-test. Practical skills were compared using the students' final semester scores. The Individual Development and Educational Assessment questionnaire was used to assess the students' reaction to instruction. For data analysis, mean and standard deviation, and independent and paired t-tests were used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: In terms of knowledge, the pre-test scores of the intervention and control groups were not significantly different (p-value= 0.457), and the post-test scores of the two intervention and control groups had no significant difference (p-value= 0.053); however, in both intervention and control groups there was a significant difference between the scores before and after the test, and the scores of both groups increased after training (p-value= 0.001, p-value= 0.001). In terms of practical skills, no significant difference was observed in the mean and standard deviation of the scores in the two groups (p-value=0.902). There was no significant difference in terms of the students' reaction to instruction. Conclusion: All students passed this course successfully. Further, their knowledge and skills were improved in both groups. Similar to the live practical demonstration, that of the multimedia led to a positive reaction to instruction in students. Therefore, multimedia education can be used well with the traditional method and even replaces it.
Advances in Logic Locking: Past, Present, and Prospects

—Logic locking is a design concealment mechanism for protecting the IPs integrated into modern System-on-Chip (SoC) architectures from a wide range of hardware security threats at the IC manufacturing supply chain. Logic locking primarily helps the designer to protect the IPs against reverse engineering, IP piracy, overproduction, and unauthorized activation. For more than a decade, the research studies that carried out on this paradigm has been immense, in which the applicability, feasibility, and efficacy of the logic locking have been investigated, including metrics to assess the efficacy, impact of locking in different levels of abstraction, threat model definition, resiliency against physical attacks, tampering, and the application of machine learning. However, the security and strength of existing logic locking techniques have been constantly questioned by sophisticated logical and physical attacks that evolve in sophistication at the same rate as logic locking countermeasure approaches. By providing a comprehensive definition regarding the metrics, assumptions, and principles of logic locking, in this survey paper, we categorize the existing defenses and attacks to capture the most benefit from the logic locking techniques for IP protection, and illuminating the need for and giving direction to future research studies in this topic. This survey paper serves as a guide to quickly navigate and identify the state-of-the-art that should be considered and investigated for further studies on logic locking techniques, helping IP vendors, SoC designers, and researchers to be informed of the principles, fundamentals, and properties of logic locking.
An intelligent voice recognition system based on fuzzy logic and the bag-of-words technique

This paper describes a method for recognizing voice command based on a fuzzy logic system capable of perceiving fuzzy commands, i.e. commands containing fuzzy terms, for example, ‘close’, ‘closer’, ‘close to’, ‘closer than’, ‘further’ and ‘very far’. The developed approach has the ability to be trained for a specific user. The developed fuzzy logic system is used to recognize linguistically inaccurate commands in order to increase the expressiveness of the language for control of a moving robot.
Backward-Leak Uni-Directional Updatable Encryption from Public Key Encryption

The understanding of directionality for updatable encryption (UE) schemes is important, but not yet completed in the literature. We show that security in the backward-leak uni-directional key updates setting is equivalent to the no-directional one. Combining with the work of Jiang (ASIACRYPT 2020) and Nishimaki (PKC 2022), it is showed that the backward-leak notion is the strongest one among all known key update notions and more relevant in practice. We propose two novel generic constructions of UE schemes that are secure in the backward-leak uni-directional key update setting from public key encryption (PKE) schemes: the first one requires a key and message homomorphic PKE scheme and the second one requires a bootstrappable PKE scheme. These PKE can be constructed based on standard assumptions (such as the Decisional Diffie-Hellman and Learning With Errors assumptions). It is in stark contrast to the work of Nishimaki, which uses indistinguishability obfuscations.
The Inflation Rate Disconnect Puzzle on the International Component of Trend Inflation and the Flattening of the Phillips Curve

Since 2000 U.S. inflation has remained both below target and silent to domestic slack and monetary interventions. A trend-cycle VAR decomposition explores the role of globalisation in explaining the puzzling behaviour of inflation. The trend analysis shows that, starting from 90s, despite very well-anchored expectations, slow-moving imported ”cost-push” factors induced deflationary pressure keeping trend inflation below target. The cycle block provides evidence in favour of the flattening of Phillips curve, mainly attributable to a weaker wage pass-through. The business cycle behaviour of inflation is determined by a shock originating abroad, which indeed generates the main bulk of volatility in the international prices of intermediate goods and is poorly connected to the domestic slack.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Mongolian regional horses

22 Objective: This study aimed to identify the genetic diversity and population structure of Mongolian 23 horse populations according to the province of residence (Khentii KTP, Uvs USP, Omnogovi and 24 Dundgovi GOP, Khovsgol KGP) using 14 microsatellite (MS) markers. 25 Methods: A total of 269 whole blood samples were obtained from the four populations (KTP, USP, 26 GOP, KGP) geographically distinct provinces. Multiplex PCR was conducted using 14 MS markers 27 (AHT4, ASB2, ASB17, ASB23, CA425, HMS1, HMS2, HMS3, HMS6, HMS7, HTG4, HTG6, HTG7, 28 and VHL20), as recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics. Capillary 29 electrophoresis was conducted using the amplified PCR products, alleles were determined. Alleles 30 were used for statistical analysis of genetic variability, Nei’s DA genetic distance, principal coordinate 31 analysis (PCoA), factorial corresponding analysis (FCA), and population structure. 32 Results: On average, the number of alleles, expected heterozygosity (HExp), observed heterozygosity 33 (HObs), and polymorphic information content (PIC) among all populations were 11.43, 0.772, 0.757, 34 and 0.737, respectively. In the PCoA and FCA, GOP and KGP were genetically distinct from other 35 populations, and the KTP and USP showed a close relationship. The two cluster identified using Nei’s 36 DA genetic distance analysis and population structure highlighted the presence of structurally clear 37 genetic separation. 38 Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study suggest that genetic diversity between KTP and USP 39 was low, and that between GOP and KGP was high. It is thought that these results will help in the 40 effective preservation and improvement of Mongolian horses through genetic diversity analysis and 41 phylogenetic relationships. 42 43
Relationship between Body Mass Index and Visceral Fat of Participants EXPO 2021 Universitas

ARTICLE INFORMATION Visceral fat levels contribute to obesity. Visceral fat is fat accumulation in fatty tissue around intra-abdominal organs or commonly referred to as central obesity. The higher the Body Mass Index, the percentage of fat mass and visceral fat will increase. Obesity can have an impact on insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome disorders and degenerative diseases. This study aims to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat. This study uses a cross-sectional design and descriptive-analytic, looking for the relationship between body mass index and visceral fat level. The result shows about 53,6% and 25% of overweight respondents with high and very high visceral fat levels. There is a relationship between body mass index and visceral fat level with p-value obtained is 0,00 (pvalue < 0,05). It means that there is a risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome disorders. Prevention efforts are needed by increasing physical activity, consumption of vegetables and fruit, and routine general checks up. Submitted: 31/10/2021 Revised: 01/11/2021 Accepted: 02/11/2021 Publish Online: 06/11/2021
Multi-scale investigation of occurrence, fate, removal and biodegradation of pharmaceutical contamination in wastewater treatment and river systems

Human and veterinary pharmaceuticals have been recognized as ubiquitous water microcontaminants with potential subtle detrimental effects on aquatic organisms. The majority of pharmaceutical compounds, after being consumed and excreted, end up in municipal WWTPs, which are not typically designed for complete pharmaceutical removal. Therefore, effluents from WWTPs constitute a low concentration, but continuous source of pharmaceutically active compounds to the aquatic environment. The main objective of the thesis is to acquire and provide with knowledge not only on the occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater, but on their biodegradation within WWTPs and their discharge into the receiving media. The obtained results demonstrate conventional wastewater treatment’s variable efficiency when removing the pharmaceutical compounds load and the advance treatment’s contribution to their overall removal. It has also been possible to model the behaviour of a selected pharmaceutical and its transformation products. And it also includes investigation of an antibiotic’s impact on the bacterial community performance, and the antibiotic resistance genes phenomenon. Finally, the role and usefulness of proteomics when investigating the possible proteins involved on the biodegradation pathways of certain pharmaceutical compounds