Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on Overweight & Obesity and its Risk Factors among Undergraduate Students of a Medical College in Kolkata

Background: Overweight and obesity are recognized as an "escalating epidemic" affecting both developed and developing countries. Medical students working under stress and adopting more sedentary life style, are likely to be the victims of obesity. Objectives: To find out prevalence of overweight & obesity and associated risk factors among medical students in Kolkata. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out among undergraduate students of NRS Medical College, Kolkata with a sample siza-150. Results: 18% students were overweight and 2% obese. Mean height & weight of boys were higher significantly than that of girls. 20.7% boys & 17.2% girls were either overweight or obese. 24% boys and only 7% girls have the habit of addition to smoking and or alcohol. 26.7% students, about 23% male & 33% female, not used to perform any exercises. 24% students have family history of obesity. Of them 27.8% developed overweight. No association of overweight with factors like family history, physical exercise, addiction, food habit or stress factor could be statistically established. Conclusion: Prevalence of overweight among medical students trend to be high. Promotion to adopt healthy lifestyles is urgently required.
A Direct Detection of Gas Accretion: The Lyman Limit System in 3C 232

Abstract The gas added to and removed from galaxies over cosmic time greatly affects their stellar populations and star formation rates. QSO absorption line studies in close QSO/galaxy pairs create a unique opportunity to study the physical conditions and kinematics of this gas. Here we present new Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of the QSO/galaxy pair, 3C 232/NGC 3067. The quasar spectrum contains a Lyman limit (NHi = 1 × 1020 cm−2) absorption system (LLS) at cz = 1421 km s−1 that is associated with the nearby Sab galaxy NGC 3067. Previous work identifies this absorber as a high-velocity cloud (HVC) in NGC 3067 but the kinematics of the absorbing gas, infalling or outflowing, were uncertain. The HST images presented here establish the orientation of NGC 3067 and so establish that the LLS/HVC is infalling. Using this system as a prototype, we extend these results to higher-z MgII/LLS to suggest that Mgii/LLSs are a sightline sampling of the so-called ‘cold mode accretion’ (CMA) infalling onto luminous galaxies. To match the observed MgII absorber statistics, the CMA must be more highly ionised at higher redshifts. The key observations needed to further the study of low-z LLSs is HST UV spectroscopy, for which a new instrument, the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph, has just been installed greatly enhancing our observational capabilities.
Angular diameter estimation of interferometric calibrators Example of λ Gruis, calibrator for VLTI-AMBER

Context. Accurate long-baseline interferometric measurements require careful calibration with reference stars. Small calibrators with high angular diameter accuracy ensure the true visibility uncertainty to be dominated by the measurement errors. Aims. We review some indirect methods for estimating angular diameter, using various types of input data. Each diameter estimate, obtained for the test-case calibrator star λ Gru, is compared with the value 2.71 mas found in the Borde calibrator catalogue published in 2002. Methods. Angular size estimations from spectral type, spectral index, in-band magnitude, broadband photometry, and spectrophotometry give close estimates of the angular diameter, with slightly variable uncertainties. Fits on photometry and spectrophotometry need physical atmosphere models with “plausible” stellar parameters. Angular diameter uncertainties were estimated by means of residual bootstrapping confidence intervals. All numerical results and graphical outputs presented in this paper were obtained using the routines developed under PV-WAVE r � , which compose the modular software suite SPIDAST, created to calibrate and interprete spectroscopic and interferometric measurements, particularly those obtained with VLTI-AMBER. Results. The final angular diameter estimate 2.70 mas of λ Gru, with 68% confidence interval 2.65−2.81 mas, is obtained by fit of the MARCS model on the ISO-SWS 2.38−27.5 μm spectrum, with the stellar parameters Te = 4250 K, log g = 2.0, z = 0.0 dex, M = 1.0 M� ,a ndξt = 2. 0k m s −1 .
The nature of faint fuzzies from the kinematics of NGC 1023

Faint fuzzies are metal-rich apparently-old star clusters with unusually large radii (7-15 pc), found mostly in S0 galaxies, whose source remain obscure. To identify their origins, we compare planetary nebulae and neutral hydrogen with faint fuzzy positions and line-of-sight velocities in NGC1023. In this way, we rule out scenarios in which these objects are associated with an on-going merger or with a spheroid population in NGC1023. Their kinematics are indistinguishable from the stellar disk population in this galaxy, and we conclude that faint fuzzies are most likely just remnant open clusters. Their observed association with S0s then simply reflects the difficulty of identifying such objects in later-type disk galaxies.
Feature geometry and feature spreading

Les traits phonetiques d'une langue possedent une structure hierarchique representee geometriquement par un arbre. Les traits definis dans la partie basse de l'arbre sont executes par le meme articulateur (glotte,larynx,.). Ils refletent le mecanisme anatomique par lequel ils sont implementes phonetiquement. Cela suggere que les groupes de trait fonctionnel ont une base anatomique
THE BEHAVIOR OF THE PITCH ANGLE OF SPIRAL ARMS DEPENDING ON OPTICAL WAVELENGTH

Based on integral field spectroscopy data from the CALIFA survey, we investigate the possible dependence of spiral arm pitch angle with optical wavelength. For three of the five studied objects, the pitch angle gradually increases at longer wavelengths. This is not the case for two objects where the pitch angle remains constant. This result is confirmed by the analysis of SDSS data. We discuss the possible physical mechanisms to explain this phenomenon, as well as the implications of the results.
Cross-Junction Based Metasurface for Wideband 90° Polarization Rotation

In this work, an ultrathin subwavelength metasurface based on a cross-junction-inspired unit cell that exhibits efficient wideband polarization rotation is presented. This structure manipulates the polarization of the incident electromagnetic radiation in the transmission band. The proposed metasurface converts the incident linearly polarized waves into the orthogonal polarization over a fractional bandwidth of 9.6% with a maximum insertion loss of 0.65 dB. The detailed analysis of the structure’s inherent resonances and their origins are also presented with special emphasis on the intrinsic Fano resonances (FRs) of the proposed unit cell and their evolution by introducing structural asymmetry. A prototype of the proposed design is fabricated and characterized, and the results show very good agreement with numerical simulations.
Current perception about Leprosy among family members of leprosy patients: A comparative study between high prevalent & low prevalent districts of West Bengal

Introduction: With a sustained effort, India achieved the goal of elimination of leprosy in December, 2005 (PR-0.95/10,000). Since 2001, MDT services in India were integrated with the general health services, thus posing various operational challenges in programme management. With a view to maximize the effectiveness of health education programme, it needs to assess current status of perception and practices of the family members taking care of the patients of the most stigmatized disease so as to adopt appropriate changes accordingly. Aim(s)/Objective(s): To assess perception & attitude about leprosy among family members in both high & low endemic districts. Materials and Method: 25% of leprosy patients getting MDT in 25% blocks of 3 high prevalent & all patients in 25% blocks in 3 low prevalent districts of West Bengal, were initially selected by multi-stage random sampling technique, then family members taking care of the patients, were interviewed. Statistical Analysis: Proportions in respect of different attributes calculated & chi-square used as a test of significance. Results: Total 246 family members of the leprosy patients, 143 from high prevalent & 103 from low prevalent districts were interviewed. 95.5% & 60.1% of family members respectively have heard about leprosy & MDT. Correct knowledge about cause (38.5% vs 32% ), clinical presentation, curability (90% vs 84.5%), infectiousness of the disease(59.4% vs 31%), complication (67.1% vs 52.4%) were found more among family members of high prevalent districts than low prevalent one. 13.59% & 4.2% family members in high & low prevalent districts had belief that leprosy occurred as a result of divine curse. Discrimination towards leprosy patients were found more in low prevalent than high prevalent districts. Conclusions: Knowledge & attitude towards leprosy were found to be better among family members in high prevalent as compared to that of low prevalent districts.
Phase characteristics of the ALMA 3-km baseline data

We present the phase characteristics study of the Atacama Large Millimeter / submillimeter Array (ALMA) long (up to 3 km) baseline, which is the longest baseline tested so far using ALMA. The data consist of long time-scale (10 20 minutes) measurements on a strong point source (i.e., bright quasar) at various frequency bands (bands 3, 6, and 7, which correspond to the frequencies of about 88 GHz, 232 GHz, and 336 GHz) Water vapor radiometer (WVR) phase correction works well even at long baselines, and the efficiency is better at higher PWV (< 1mm) condition, consistent with the past studies. We calculate the spatial structure function of phase fluctuation, and display that the phase fluctuation (i.e., rms phase) increases as a function of baseline length, and some data sets show turn-over around several hundred meters to km and being almost constant at longer baselines. This is the first millimeter / submillimeter structure function at this long baseline length, and to show the turn-over of the structure function. Furthermore, the observation of the turn-over indicates that even if the ALMA baseline length extends to the planned longest baseline of 15 km, fringes will be detected at a similar rms phase fluctuation as that at a few km baseline lengths. We also calculate the coherence time using the 3 km baseline data, and the results indicate that the coherence time for band 3 is longer than 400 seconds in most of the data (both in the raw and WVR-corrected data) For bands 6 and 7, WVR-corrected data have about twice longer coherence time, but it is better to use fast switching method to avoid the coherence loss.
THE STRUCTURE AND METALLICITY GRADIENT IN THE EXTREME OUTER DISK OF NGC 7793

Studies of outer regions of spirals disks are fundamental to our understanding of both the process of galaxy assembly and the subsequent secular evolution of galaxies. In an earlier series of papers, we explored the extent and abundance gradient in the outer disk of NGC 300 and found an extended purely exponential disk with a metallicity gradient which flattens off in the outermost regions. We now continue the study of outskirts of pure disk spirals with another Sculptor Group spiral, NGC 7793. Using the Gemini Multi Object Spectrograph camera at Gemini South, we trace the disk of NGC 7793 with star counts out to ∼9 scale lengths, corresponding to 11.5 kpc at our calibrated distance of 3.61 ± 0.53 Mpc. The outer disk of NGC 7793 shows no evidence of a break in its light profile down to an effective surface brightness of ∼30 mag arcsec−2 (∼3 mag arcsec−2 deeper than what has been achieved with surface photometry) and exhibits a non-negative abundance gradient within the radial extent of our data.
Single-dimensional leg-level dynamic programming with booking-time dependent cancellation probabilities for revenue management

: In this paper, an optimisation method is introduced that accounts for cancellations. We do so by estimating the opportunity cost of a booking between the time of booking and the expected time of cancellation. The formulation involves an estimate of the value of the state of the system at the time of cancellation (which is in the future), found through novel heuristics we introduce. The fare that is used to determine whether a product is available for sale, is adjusted by the risk the airline faces. We introduce an example which shows that there may be cases where it is optimal to reject a higher-priced product if the risk of cancellation is high, while accepting a lower-priced product. Simulations show increases in revenues against a traditional formulations that does not explicitly models cancellations. We show our method is robust against choice of heuristic, misjudgement of cancellation probability and forecasting errors.
CI Aql: a Type Ia supernova progenitor?

If recurrent novae are progenitors of Type Ia supernovae, their white dwarfs must have masses close to the Chandrasekhar limit. The most reliable means of determining white dwarf masses in recurrent novae is dynamically, via radial-velocity and rotational-broadening measurements of the companion star. Such measurements require the system to be both eclipsing and to show absorption features from the secondary star. Prior to the work reported here, the only dynamical mass estimate of a recurrent nova was for U Sco, which has a white dwarf mass of 1.55 ± 0.24 M ⊙ (Thoroughgood et al. 2001). We present new time-resolved, intermediate-resolution spectroscopy of the eclipsing recurrent nova CI Aquilae (CI Aql) during quiescence. We find the mass of the white dwarf to be 1.00±0.14 M⊙ and the mass of the secondary star to be 2.32±0.19 M⊙. We estimate the radius of the secondary to be 2.07±0.06 R⊙, implying that it is a slightly-evolved early A-type star. The high mass ratio of q = 2.35±0.24 and the high secondary-star mass implies that the mass transfer occurs on a thermal timescale. We suggest that CI Aql is rapidly evolving into a supersoft X-ray source, and ultimately may explode as a Type Ia supernova within 10 Myr.
Locus of lubricating weak point for the toroidal surface enveloping cylindrical worm drive

Based on the lubrication angle field and the locus of lubricating weak point, the lubricating characteristic of the toroidal surface enveloping cylindrical worm drive is globally investigated. The nonlinear equation system to determine the lubricating weak point is established by utilising the lubrication angle. Generally speaking, the weak locus always exists roughly in the middle of the tooth surface of cylindrical wormgear and a zone with worse lubricating behaviour is around the locus. By increasing the number of worm thread, the locus of lubricating weak point can be completely removed from the wormgear tooth surface, and the locus approximately is in the shape of the inverse capital letter L. On this occasion, the entire wormgear tooth surface is half surrounded by the locus, and the overall lubrication performance of the worm drive is improved. The current research is an application of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) on worm drive.
Α Reliability Study of Renewable Energy Resources and their Integration with Utility Grids

Reliability analysis is considered an impressive approach for investigating the planning and design processes of industrial and commercial electrical power distribution systems. Reliability analysis is mainly concerned with the analysis of devices and systems whose individual components are prone to failure risk. The demand for renewable energy resources that work in parallel or replace traditional energy resources is significantly increasing. The current research presents the reliability analysis of the IEEE 40-bus system integrated with large-scale PV and wind systems. Reliability parameters evaluation of power distribution systems will be performed using the zone branch methodology to divide the power system layout into several sections (protected zones). The compensating capacitors will be addressed to clarify their impacts on the system reliability indices. The 40-bus system, known as the IEEE Standard 493-1997, integrated with large-scale PV and wind is simulated using ETAP software. The simulation results reveal that the integration of renewable energy resources with the utility grids can improve the reliability indices. These simulation results are consistent with similar works found in literature and some standards in the field of reliability analysis. The integration of power distribution systems with renewable energy resources improves the reliability indices of the distribution grids.
Anticoagulants for people hospitalized with COVID-19 (Russian Translation of Cochrane Plain Language Summary)

This publication is the Russian translation of the Plain Language Summary (PLS) of the Cochrane Systematic Review: FlumignanRLG, CivileVT, TincoJD, PascoalPIF, AreiasLL, MatarCF, TendalB, TrevisaniVFM, AtallahN, NakanoLCU. Anticoagulants for people hospitalized with COVID-19.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022. Issue3. Art. No.: CD013739. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013739. pub2.
Late Cretaceous sturgeons (Acipenseridae) from North America, with two new species from the Tanis site in the Hell Creek Formation of North Dakota

Abstract. Although the Cretaceous is widely regarded as a time of great evolutionary transition for the freshwater fish fauna of North America, the fossil record of this period is notoriously poor, consisting mostly of fragments and isolated skeletal elements. Exceptions include the acipenseriforms, discussed in this paper, and some exceedingly rare teleosts. Here we describe two new species of well-preserved sturgeons (Acipenseridae) from the Tanis site in the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation of North Dakota. The type and referred materials were preserved in a loosely consolidated matrix. †Acipenser praeparatorum n. sp. is represented by multiple body fossils (including the head and relatively complete postcranial remains) and a specimen of an intact, three dimensionally preserved skull and pectoral girdle. This taxon can be diagnosed based on features of the opercular elements (exceptionally tall and narrow branchiostegal). The second species, †Acipenser anisinferos n. sp. , is represented by a partially preserved skull, and can be diagnosed by a relatively elongate preorbital region (i.e., snout) and the absence of thorn-like spines on the skull roofing bones. Most known sturgeon fossils from the Cretaceous are represented only by undiagnosable fragmentary remains (i.e., scutes and pectoral-fin spines) or poorly preserved partial skeletons (e.g., †Protoscaphirhynchus), with †Priscosturion and †Anchiacipenser (both monotypic) being rare exceptions. Therefore, the newly discovered Tanis fossils give a rare glimpse into the evolution of Acipenseridae at a critical time in the phylogenetic history of acipenseriforms, and suggest significant morphological and taxonomic diversity early in the evolution of this group.
An improved source-subtracted and destriped 408 MHz all-sky map

The all-sky 408 MHz map of Haslam et al. is one the most important total-power radio surveys. It has been widely used to study diffuse synchrotron radiation from our Galaxy and as a template to remove foregrounds in cosmic microwave background data. However, there are a number of issues associated with it that must be dealt with, including large-scale striations and contamination from extragalactic radio sources. We have re-evaluated and re-processed the rawest data available to produce a new and improved 408 MHz all-sky map. We first quantify the positional accuracy ($\approx 7$ arcmin) and effective beam ($56.0\pm1.0$ arcmin) of the four individual surveys from which it was assembled. Large-scale striations associated with $1/f$ noise in the scan direction are reduced to a level $\ll 1$ K using a Fourier-based filtering technique. The most important improvement results from the removal of extragalactic sources. We have used an iterative combination of two techniques -- two-dimensional Gaussian fitting and minimum curvature spline surface inpainting -- to remove the brightest sources ($\gtrsim 2$ Jy), which provides a significant improvement over previous versions of the map. We quantify the impact with power spectra and a template fitting analysis of foregrounds to the WMAP data. The new map is publicly available and is recommended as the template of choice for large-scale diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission. We also provide a higher resolution map with small-scale fluctuations added, assuming a power-law angular power spectrum down to the pixel scale (1.7 arcmin). This should prove useful in simulations used for studying the feasibility of detecting HI fluctuations from the Epoch of Reionization.
Sputtering in oblique C-type shocks

We present the first results for the sputtering of grain mantles and cores obtained with selfconsistent multifluid hydromagnetic models of oblique C-type shocks propagating through dusty media. The threshold shock speed for mantle sputtering is about 10 km s −1 and is independent of density. The mantles are completely vapourized in shocks with speeds of 20–25 km s −1 . At such shock speeds, core sputtering commences and gas-phase SiO forms. Core destruction is not total in any C-type shock because grains are not completely destroyed in shocks with speeds near the minimum speeds at which J-type shocks appear. Due to the density dependence of the critical shock speed for this transition, higher gas-phase SiO fractional abundances are produced behind shocks propagating in lower density gas. For shock speeds near the threshold speeds for both core and mantle sputtering, sputtering is much greater for shock velocities at smaller angles relative to the upstream magnetic field. At higher shock speeds, the angular variation is still present but less pronounced.
FIXED POINTS OF BETTER ADMISSIBLE MAPS ON GENERALIZED CONVEX SPACES

We obtain generalized versions of the Fan-Browder fixed point theorem for G-convex spaces. We define the class ! B of better admissible multimaps on G-convex spaces and show that any closed compact map in ! B from a locally G-convex uniform space into itself has a fixed point.
GROWTH OF EARLY SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES AND THE HIGH-REDSHIFT EDDINGTON RATIO DISTRIBUTION

Using a new large-scale (∼ 0.75 Gpc)3 hydrodynamic cosmological simulation, we investigate the growth rate of supermassive black holes (BHs) in the early universe (z ≳ 4.75). Remarkably we find a clear peak in the typical Eddington ratio (λ) at BH masses of (4–8) × 107 M☉ (typically in halos of ∼7 × 1011 to 1 × 1012 M☉, close to their shock heating scale), independent of redshift and indicative that most BH growth occurs in the cold-flow-dominated regime. BH growth is enhanced at high-z and by and large regulated by the cosmological evolution of gas density, with λ scaling simply as (1 + z)3. The peak in λ is caused by the competition between increased gas density available in more massive hosts, and a decrease due to active galactic nucleus feedback that becomes effective above the shock heating halo mass scale and at high BH masses. We show that the distribution of λ among both mass-selected and luminosity-selected samples is approximately lognormal. We combine these findings into a single lognormal fitting formula for the distribution of Eddington ratios as a function of (MBH, z). This formula can be used in analytic and semianalytic models for evolving BH populations, predicting BH masses of observed quasars, and, in conjunction with the observed distribution of Eddington ratios, can be used to constrain the BH mass function.