Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design Optimization of Photovoltaic Cell Stacking in a Triple-Well CMOS Process

Various self-powered devices employ energy-harvesting technology to capture and store an ambient energy. The photovoltaic (PV) cell is one of the most preferred approaches due to its potential for on-chip integration. Although serial connection of multiple PV cells is commonly required to obtain a sufficiently high voltage for circuit operation, a voltage boosting with serially stacked PV cells is limited in a standard bulk CMOS process because all the PV cells are intrinsically connected to the common substrate. It is possible to increase the output voltage by stacking multiple PV cells with a large area ratio between stages. However, nonoptimal design results in a poor conversion efficiency or a limited open-circuit voltage, making it unsuitable for practical applications. This article proposes a stacking structure and its optimal design method for PV cell stacking in a triple-well CMOS process. The proposed approach utilizes an additional current-sourcing photodiode and an optical filter, which allow high voltage generation without a significant efficiency degradation. The test chip with four-stage stacked PV cells was fabricated using a 0.25-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> standard triple-well CMOS process. The experimental results demonstrate an output voltage of 1.6 V and an electrical power of 263 nW/mm<sup>2</sup> under an incident illumination with an intensity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$96~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/mm<sup>2</sup>, achieving a responsivity of 1.91 mA/W and a conversion efficiency of 0.27%.
Physiological specialization and pathotype distribution of Puccinia recondita in western Europe, 1995

A pathogenicity survey of Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici (Prt) was conducted in western Europe in 1995. Random urediospore isolates (850) of Prt were collected from the air by means of a jet spore sampler in wheat-growing regions of Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, northern Italy, Switzerland and the UK. Pathogenicity of the isolates was determined in tests of detached primary leaf segments maintained on water agar supplemented with benzimidazole (35 p.p.m.). The differential genotypes used were Thatcher, 20 near-isogenic Thatcher lines each with a single leaf rust resistance gene, and five cultivars/lines with additional resistance genes. All isolates were avirulent for the genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr21, Lr24, Lr25 and Lr29, and both virulence and avirulence were detected for the remaining 19 genes. Fifty-three pathotypes were identified, four of which predominated (64% of isolates) and were widespread throughout western Europe. Three of the four predominant pathotypes were also identified in collections of wheat leaf rust collected in Poland, Hungary, Estonia and Finland. One pathotype, which comprised 35% of isolates in the south of France, was not detected in any other region. This pathotype was indistinguishable from several isolates obtained from Morocco, which suggested that it may have originated from northern Africa. Comparisons with previously published data suggested that the four predominant pathotypes were very similar and possibly the same as pathotypes present in the former Czechoslovakia for up to 20 years. The results obtained provide evidence of migration of Prt over considerable distances in western Europe, stressing the need for a co-ordinated approach for genetical control of the disease in this region.
Neuroprotective function of a novel hexapeptide QMDDQ from shrimp via activation of PKA/CREB/BNDF signaling pathway and its structure-activity relationship.

This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective function of shrimp-derived peptides QMDDQ and KMDDQ. Biochemical results revealed that both peptides exerted neuroprotective effects by increasing acetylcholine (ACh) content and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in PC12 cells; QMDDQ was more active than KMDDQ. COSY-NOESY spectroscopic data showed that the superior neuroprotective function of QMDDQ might be attributed to its N-terminal glutamine as it exhibited an extended spatial conformation, facilitating its interactions with AChE. QMDDQ can promote the basic energy metabolism of cells more than KMDDQ. The peptides showed neuroprotective ability due to activating the anti-apoptosis and PKA/CREB/BNDF signaling pathway. QMDDQ was selected to investigate its memory-enhancing activity in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice, revealing memory protection in mice, as it improved their performance in the Morris water maze experiment. In addition, QMDDQ increased ACh content (4.98±0.51 μg/mg prot) and decreased AChE activity (4.72±0.11 U/mg prot) in the mouse hippocampus. These data indicate the systemic mechanism through which naturally derived QMDDQ improved neuroprotection and memory ability.
Preservice Observation in Special Education: A Validation Study

Advancing teacher candidates’ overall competence through use of valid teacher observation systems should be an essential element of teacher preparation. Yet, the field of special education has not provided observation protocols designed specifically for preservice teachers that are founded in theoretical perspectives and research on effective instruction for students with learning and other high-incidence disabilities (SWDs). To address this need, a group of researchers in special education teacher preparation and measurement developed the Preservice Observation Instrument for Special Education (POISE). The POISE is an observation system rooted in effective special education practices that support the growth of preservice teachers who will serve SWD across instructional settings. The purpose of this article is to report on the development and psychometric properties of the POISE. Specifically, we employed Kane’s argument-based validity approach to frame each stage in the development process of the POISE. We conducted two phases of content validation activities, development activities, and a pilot study to assess the degree to which scores from POISE provided evidence for the scoring, generalizability, and extrapolation inferences. In the end, the POISE represents a promising observation instrument for the development of special education teacher candidates.
Characteristics of Marine Recreational Fishing in the anakkale Strait (Turkey)

The economic and harvest impacts of Marine Recreational Fishing (MRF) in Canakkale Strait were analysed along with fishing policy, sociology and habits of fishers. Data sources included field survey data carried out along the entire length of the Canakkale strait and policy information gathered from published sources. MRF policy is commendable, even in the fishing tourism sector, and is better developed than that in many other European countries. In Canakkale, 9.9% of the population is recreational fishers. Recreational fishers are typically men (90%), primarily those between the ages of 25 and 49 yrs. The occupation of the recreational fishers ranged from self-employed (28%), students (28%), retired persons (22%) and public employees (15%), to currently-unemployed persons (7%). An analysis of diel behaviour showed that most recreational fishers preferred fishing during the day (56.1%), while the evening was the next most preferred time for fishing (18%), followed by the night-time (9.8%), while a substantial number of recreational fishers (16.1%) reported that they fished at any time of day. The most popular type of fishing was shore-based (68%), followed by boat-based (21%), and underwater fishing (11%). The mean daily fishing times were 6.07 h d-1, 6.18 h d-1 4.75 d-1 for boat-based, underwater and shore-based fishing, respectively. Summer and autumn were the preferred seasons for shore-based and underwater fishing, while autumn and winter were preferred for boat-based fishing. The highest Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) was observed for boat-based fishing (2.77 kg h-1), followed by underwater (0.97 kg h-1) and shore-based fishing (0.81 kg h-1). The catch composition included 51 species, though the catch composition of each fishing type was mostly comprised of only 3 or 4 species. The impact of the MRF harvest was high (30% of commercial fishing), particularly for bluefish ( Pomatomus saltatrix ) and picarel ( Spicara smaris ) species. The economic impact of MRF was highly negative. Several indicators including the following revealed a high percentage of trading catch (47%) being conducted under the guise of a recreational label: annual fishing intensity, total costs, target species, and sales. At present, it is evident that the highly developed recreational fishing policy in Turkey is not sufficient to ensure that recreational fishing is sustainable or to prevent fishing conflicts in Turkey. This study revealed the need for establishing monitoring, control and surveillance programs to ensure the sustainability of fish resources and fisheries including MRF.
Healthy eating recommendations: good for reducing dietary contribution to the body’s advanced glycation/lipoxidation end products pool?

Abstract The present review aims to give dietary recommendations to reduce the occurrence of the Maillard reaction in foods and in vivo to reduce the body’s advanced glycation/lipoxidation end products (AGE/ALE) pool. A healthy diet, food reformulation and good culinary practices may be feasible for achieving the goal. A varied diet rich in fresh vegetables and fruits, non-added sugar beverages containing inhibitors of the Maillard reaction, and foods prepared by steaming and poaching as culinary techniques is recommended. Intake of supplements and novel foods with low sugars, low fats, enriched in bioactive compounds from food and waste able to modulate carbohydrate metabolism and reduce body’s AGE/ALE pool is also recommended. In conclusion, the recommendations made for healthy eating by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) and Harvard University seem to be adequate to reduce dietary AGE/ALE, the body’s AGE/ALE pool and to achieve sustainable nutrition and health.
An Effective Hierarchical Control Plane for Software-Defined Networks Leveraging TOPSIS for End-to-End QoS Class-Mapping

If an end-to-end (E2E) path includes multiple domains, we need inter-domain collaboration to ensure the E2E quality-of-service (QoS) for the applications. In heterogeneous networks, an E2E path may go through domains with several QoS classes in each domain. However, the prevalent legacy network architecture and the standard software-defined networking (SDN) model lack effective mechanisms for inter-domain collaboration and QoS class mapping. In this study, we propose a hierarchical SDN control plane approach to guarantee the E2E QoS among multiple domains with various QoS classes on the E2E path. We propose a controller module for selecting the most suitable QoS class for each domain in the E2E path based on multi-criteria decision-making by using the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). We map the suitable service classes in the global controller (GC) for provisioning the E2E QoS according to the application service requests. First, we propose an SDN-based inter-domain communication scheme and the message processing algorithm for E2E service delivery when multiple QoS classes exist in each domain. Next, we formulate the problem of service class selection with TOPSIS, provide an E2E mapping scheme, and demonstrate it with an example. Finally, we compare the proposed approach with the existing schemes for E2E QoS class mapping in terms of E2E delay, jitter, packet loss rate (PLR), and cost (per bandwidth unit). According to our simulation results, the proposed approach ensures the E2E QoS and guarantees the E2E delay, jitter, PLR, and cost according to the application service requests.
Association of Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Small for Gestational Age Status With Childhood Cognitive Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance The magnitude of the association of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small for gestational age (SGA) status with cognitive outcomes in preterm and term-born children has not been established. Objective To examine cognitive outcomes of preterm and term-born children who had IUGR and were SGA compared with children who were appropriate for gestational age (AGA) during the first 12 years of life. Data Sources For this systematic review and meta-analysis, the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, PsycInfo, and ERIC databases were searched for English-language, peer-reviewed literature published between January 1, 2000, and February 20, 2020. The following Medical Subject Heading terms for IUGR and SGA and cognitive outcomes were used: intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine growth retardation, small for gestational age AND neurodevelopment, neurodevelopmental outcome, developmental outcomes, and cognitive development. Study Selection Inclusion criteria were assessment of cognitive outcomes (full-scale IQ or a cognitive subscale), inclusion of an AGA group as comparison group, and inclusion of gestational age at birth and completion of cognitive assessment up to 12 years of age. Data Extraction and Synthesis The Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guidelines were followed. Data were double screened for full-text articles, and a subset were independently coded by 2 authors. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and odd ratios from individual studies were pooled by applying random-effects models. Main Outcomes and Measures Cognitive outcomes, defined as mental, cognitive, or IQ scores, estimated with standardized practitioner-based cognitive tests or as borderline intellectual impairment (BII), defined as mental, cognitive, or IQ scores at least 1 SD below the mean cognitive score. Results In this study of 89 samples from 60 studies including 52 822 children, children who had IUGR and were SGA had significantly poorer cognitive outcomes (eg, cognitive scores and BII) than children with AGA in childhood. For cognitive scores, associations are consistent for preterm (SMD, -0.27; 95% CI, -0.38 to -0.17) and term-born children (SMD, -0.39; 95% CI, -0.50 to -0.28), with higher effect sizes reported for term-born IUGR and AGA group comparisons (SMD, -0.58; 95% CI, -0.82 to -0.35). Analyses on BII revealed a significantly increased risk in the preterm children who had IUGR and were SGA (odds ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.40-1.77) compared with the children with AGA. Conclusions and Relevance Growth vulnerabilities assessed antenatally (IUGR) and at the time of birth (SGA) are significantly associated with lower childhood cognitive outcomes in preterm and term-born children compared with children with AGA. These findings highlight the need to develop interventions that boost cognitive functions in these high-risk groups.
Relationship Satisfaction and Depression After Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective Traumatic brain injury represents a major public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like in Latin America. Family members are often caregivers for individuals with traumatic brain injury, which can result in significant stress. Research is needed to examine depression and quality of the caregiving relationship in these dyads. This study examined relationship quality and depression longitudinally after traumatic brain injury within the caregiving relationship. Design Dyads (N = 109) composed of individuals with traumatic brain injury and their caregivers were recruited from three hospitals in Mexico and Colombia. They self-reported depression and relationship satisfaction during hospitalization and at 2 and 4 mos after hospitalization. Results A 2-lag Actor Partner Interdependence Model demonstrated that patients and caregivers reporting high relationship satisfaction at baseline experienced lower depression 2 mos later, which then predicted higher caregiver relationship satisfaction at 4 mos. Moreover, patients with high relationship satisfaction at baseline had caregivers with lower depression at 2 mos, which was then associated with patients’ higher satisfaction at 4 mos. Conclusions Within individuals with traumatic brain injury and caregivers, depression and relationship satisfaction seem to be inversely related. Furthermore, patients’ and caregivers’ depression and relationship satisfaction impact each other over time, demonstrating interdependence within the caregiving relationship.
Root Rot of Geranium transplants and Its Biological Control

Geranium is one of the most popular greenhouses potted and bedding plants in Egypt. Root rot disease is responsible for important losses in geranium plant production. A total of 11 fungal isolates were isolated from rotted roots of geranium plants, collected from nurseries in Shoubra El-Khima and El-Qanater El-Khaireya, during winter 2012-2013. Disease plants were stunted with yellowed leaves and decayed root system with browning of the surface of the basal portion of the stem. The isolated fungi include: Fusarium anthophilum, F. equiseti, F.proliferatum, F. semitectum, F. solani and Pythium ultimum, where the highest frequency was Fusarium semitectum (36.36%). A total of 10 bacterial and 5 fungal isolates, were isolated from rhizospheric soil of 3 different ornamental plants, and tested, in vitro, in addition to a known bio-agent, Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain3339), for their antagonistic effect against the pathogens of root rot. In vitro assays indicated that Trichoderma harizinum (TCNu1) was highly antagonistic against F. anthophilum, F. proliferatum and F. semitectum, while it gave slight antagonistic effect against P. ultimum. As for Pseudomonas fluorescens, it showed moderate antagonistic effect against 3 tested Fusarium spp. , however, it slightly reduced growth of P. ultimum. Under greenhouse conditions, soil treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain3339) significantly reduced foliar disease severity, while Trichoderma harzianum gave the highest reduction of root rot incidence and severity. Treatment with Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens improved growth of geranium plants grown in pathogen infested soil, where main shoot length, main root length, fresh and dry weights of plants were increased. However, both bio-agents had no significant effect on number of flowers/plant. Therefore, this study confirms the potential of Trichoderma harzianum (TCNu1) and Pseudomonos fluorescens (strain3339) to be used as one component in integrated program to control root rot disease in geranium transplants in Egypt.
CVCDAP: an integrated platform for molecular and clinical analysis of cancer virtual cohorts

Abstract Recent large-scale multi-omics studies resulted in quick accumulation of an overwhelming amount of cancer-related data, which provides an unprecedented resource to interrogate diverse questions. While certain existing web servers are valuable and widely used, analysis and visualization functions with regard to re-investigation of these data at cohort level are not adequately addressed. Here, we present CVCDAP, a web-based platform to deliver an interactive and customizable toolbox off the shelf for cohort-level analysis of TCGA and CPTAC public datasets, as well as user uploaded datasets. CVCDAP allows flexible selection of patients sharing common molecular and/or clinical characteristics across multiple studies as a virtual cohort, and provides dozens of built-in customizable tools for seamless genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and clinical analysis of a single virtual cohort, as well as, to compare two virtual cohorts with relevance. The flexibility and analytic competence of CVCDAP empower experimental and clinical researchers to identify new molecular mechanisms and develop potential therapeutic approaches, by building and analyzing virtual cohorts for their subject of interests. We demonstrate that CVCDAP can conveniently reproduce published findings and reveal novel insights by two applications. The CVCDAP web server is freely available at https://omics.bjcancer. org/cvcdap/.
Epidemiology and genetic diversity of zoonotic pathogens in urban rats (Rattus spp.) from a subtropical city, Guangzhou, southern China

Commensal rats (Rattus spp.), which are globally distributed, harbour many pathogens responsible for significant human diseases. Despite this, we have a poor understanding of the epidemiology and genetic diversity of some recently neglected zoonotic pathogens, such as Leptospira spp. , Bartonella spp. and hepatitis E virus (HEV), which constitute a major public health threat. Thus, we surveyed the occurrences, co‐infection and genetic diversity of these pathogens in 129 urban rats from China. For Rattus tanezumi, the prevalences of Leptospira spp. , Bartonella spp. and HEV infection were 6.67%, 0% and 46.67%, respectively. The prevalences of Leptospira spp. , Bartonella spp. and HEV infection were 57.89%, 9.65% and 57.89% for Rattus norvegicus respectively. Leptospira spp. and HEV infections were more likely to occur in mature R. norvegicus. Phylogenetic analyses showed that pathogenic Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira borgpetersenii might exist. We also found that Bartonella spp. showed high similarity to Bartonella elizabethae, Bartonella rochalimae and Bartonella tribocorum, which are implicated in human disease. Dual and triple infections were both detected. Moreover, dual infections with Leptospira spp. and HEV represented the most frequent co‐infection, and there was a significantly positive association between them. High genetic diversity was observed in genes segments from Leptospira, Bartonella and HEV. Our results first discover the occurrence of multiple co‐infections and genetic diversity of Leptospira, Bartonella and HEV in commensal rats from China. Altogether, the present study provides an insight into evaluating the risk of rat‐borne zoonoses in urban China.
Effect of Sophonia rufofascia (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on guava production in Hawaii

Yield studies and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination of guava, Psidium guajava L. , were performed to determine whether feeding by the leafhopper Sophonia rufofascia Kuoh and Kuoh or the presence of phytoplasmas were responsible for chlorosis. Insecticide treatments reduced leafhopper densities and chlorosis and increased yield 23% compared with untreated control trees. Treatment with the antibiotic oxytetracycline had no effect on symptom expression nor on yield of the trees. PCR using primers specific to sequences in the 16S ribosomal RNA of phytoplasmas did not reveal any phytoplasma involvement in trees showing chlorosis. Leafhopper feeding was not shown to affect guava juice pH or degrees brix (total soluble solids).
Can the Number of Clusters Be Determined by External Indices?

External indices have been used in the literature for determining the number of clusters. The idea is to measure the stability of clustering results using an external validity index when adding randomness to the clustering process. The hypothesis is that the clustering results are more stable when the correct number of clusters is used. The goal of this paper is to provide an answer to the research question stated in the paper title. We conduct a systematic study of the main components of the stability-based approach. We will discuss how to add randomness to the process, how to perform the cross-validation, and which external index to use. We will show that the number of clusters can be reliably determined only when the type of clusters is known and all the components of the approach are carefully chosen. Inferior algorithms like $k$ -means, too high or low subsampling rate, null reference for normalization, and ineffective validation indices can all cause the stability-based approach to break. We recommend better design choices for all these components, which leads to better results compared to existing stability-based methods. However, even with the best choices, there are pathological cases where the stability-based method fails.