Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure and electronic properties of the 
(3×3)R30∘SnAu2/Au(111)
 surface alloy

We have investigated the atomic and electronic structure of the $(\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3})R{30}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{SnA}{\mathrm{u}}_{2}\text{/}\mathrm{Au}(111)$ surface alloy. Low-energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy measurements show that the native herringbone reconstruction of bare Au(111) surface remains intact after formation of a long-range ordered $(\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3})R{30}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\mathrm{SnA}{\mathrm{u}}_{2}\text{/}\mathrm{Au}(111)$ surface alloy. Angle-resolved photoemission and two-photon photoemission spectroscopy techniques reveal Rashba-type spin-split bands in the occupied valence band with comparable momentum space splitting as observed for the Au(111) surface state, but with a hole-like parabolic dispersion. Our experimental findings are compared with density functional theory (DFT) calculation that fully support our experimental findings. Taking advantage of the good agreement between our DFT calculations and the experimental results, we are able to extract that the occupied Sn-Au hybrid band is of $(s,\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}d)$-orbital character, while the unoccupied Sn-Au hybrid bands are of $(p,\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}d)$-orbital character. Hence we can conclude that the Rashba-type spin splitting of the hole-like Sn-Au hybrid surface state is caused by the significant mixing of Au $d$ with Sn $s$ states in conjunction with the strong atomic spin-orbit coupling of Au, i.e., of the substrate.
b -amyloid imaging and memory in non-demented individuals: evidence for preclinical Alzheimer’s disease

b -amyloid (A b ) deposition is pathognomic for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but may occur in normal elderly people without apparent cognitive effect. Episodic memory impairment is an early and prominent sign of AD, but its relationship with A b burden in non-demented persons and in AD patients is unclear.We examined this relationship using 11 C-PIB-PET as a quantitative marker of A b burden in vivo in healthy ageing (HA), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. Thirty-one AD, 33 MCI and 32 HA participants completed neuropsychological assessment and a 11 C-PIB-PET brain scan. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted relating episodic memory performance and other cognitive functions to A b burden. Ninety-seven percent of AD, 61% of MCI and 22% of HA cases had increased cortical PIB binding, indicating the presence of A b plaques.There was a strong relationship between impaired episodic memory performance and PIB binding, both in MCI and HA.This relationship was weaker in AD and less robust for non-memory cognitive domains. A b deposition in the asymptomatic elderly is associated with episodic memory impairment. This finding, together with the strong relationship between PIB binding and the severity of memory impairment in MCI, suggests that individuals with increased cortical PIB binding are on the path to Alzheimer’s disease. The data also suggests that early intervention trials for AD targeted to non-demented individuals with cerebral A b deposition are warranted.
Identifying the most influential features of neural population responses for information encoding and behavior

Identifying the features of population responses that are relevant to the amount of information encoded by neuronal populations is a crucial step toward understanding the neural code. Statistical features such as tuning properties, individual and shared response variability, and global activity modulations could all affect the amount of information encoded and modulate behavioral performance. We show that two features in particular affect information: the modulation of population responses across conditions and the projection of the inverse population variability along the modulation axis. We demonstrate that fluctuations of these two quantities are correlated with fluctuations of behavioral performance in various tasks and brain regions. In contrast, fluctuations in mean correlations among neurons and global activity have negligible or inconsistent effects on the amount of information encoded and behavioral performance. Our results are consistent with predictions of a model that optimally decodes population responses, which suggests that in our behavioral tasks the readout of information is near-optimal.
Emerging policies and the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms on earning quality

Current study review extant empirical researches on the relationship between CG and EQ. However, the scope of the reviewed studies was shown to vary, most studies on CG and EQ are specific in focus, with different studies focusing on specific aspects or measures of CG. This study evaluates the role of emerging policies and the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms on earning quality within a conceptual framework for the Gulf cooperation council. This study concludes that the majority of companies with big board size, higher board independence, and more frequent meetings have improved EQ. Also, the result indicates companies with big audit committee size, a larger number of independent directors, more audit committee meetings and more experts tend to have an increase in EQ. Finally, this review emerged as a framework suitable for assessing the level of EQ disclosed and the relationship between CG and EQ base on GCC policies. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee SSBFNET, Istanbul, Turkey. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Mangrove assessment in Manamoc Island for coastal retreat mitigation

Manamoc Island is experiencing coastline retreat and is in urgent need of economical mitigating measures. This study explored the role of mangroves in the mitigation of coastal retreat in Manamoc Island. Assessment of mangroves through standard vegetation analysis was done in relation to the topography and coastal dynamics prevalent in Manamoc Island. Time series analysis of sand and mangrove cover change was carried out to determine the role of mangroves in coastal retreat mitigation. Cluster analysis revealed five clusters named after the dominant species: Cluster I – Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. ; Cluster II – Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. ; Cluster III – Rhizophora apiculata Blume and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. ; Cluster IV – Rhizophora mucronata Lam. ; and Cluster V – Sonneratia alba J. Smith. The clustering pattern followed that of typical mangrove zonation landward, middleward, and seaward although with a relatively short width. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that environmental factors like soil texture, pH, N, and P influenced mangrove distribution in Manamoc Island. Time series analysis of sand and mangrove cover change revealed that mangrove were responsible for the accumulation of sand in the entrance of the studied lagoon. In areas with less sediments and the very strong water currents, mangroves were not able to colonize.
High Involvement Management Practices, Technology Uses, Work Motivation and Job Search Behaviour

Nowadays, employers face the mobility of the most productive employees and large costs induced by labour turnover. This paper examines the impact of two management policies on employees? motivation on one hand and their quitting behaviour on the other hand. These two policies are i) the participation in High Involvement Management (HIM) practices and ii) the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Employees? motivation, which is at the heart of this question, has different facets. Some employees exert effort because their job is in line with their values, gives opportunities for personal growth and pleasure in performing tasks. Alternatively, employees may simply be driven by rewards or compulsion. Using recent survey-based data of employees, the results show that the HIM and ICT strategies are positively related to the two types of work motivation (personal growth and rewards/compulsion). However, these strategies affect differently the likelihood of staff to remain or leave their current employer by type of motivation. While the HIM strategy reduces the risk that employees motivated by personal growth search for another job, it encourages on the contrary those who are motivated by rewards or compulsion to leave. ICT appear to play no role in employee retention.
Device model for pixelless infrared image up-converters based on polycrystalline graphene heterostructures

We developed a device model for pixelless converters of far/mid-infrared radiation (FIR/MIR) images into near-infrared/visible (NIR/VIR) images. These converters use polycrystalline graphene layers (PGLs) immersed in the van der Waals materials integrated with a light emitting diode (LED). The PGL serves as an element of the PGL infrared photodetector (PGLIP) sensitive to the incoming FIR/MIR due to the interband absorption. The spatially non-uniform photocurrent generated in the PGLIP repeats (mimics) the non-uniform distribution (image) created by the incident FIR/MIR. The injection of the nonuniform photocurrent into the LED active layer results in the nonuniform NIR/VIR image reproducing the FIR/MIR image. The PGL and the entire layer structure are not deliberately partitioned into pixels. We analyze the characteristics of such pixelless PGLIP-LED up-converters and show that their image contrast transfer function and the up-conversion efficiency depend on the PGL lateral resistivity. The up-converter .
Social Network Sites Conflicting Social Spheres A Study on Facebook Friend Lists Usage Among University Students

We aim to provide an extensive characterisation of Social Network Sites, presenting their most common features, and the reasons why people use them. Communication has been greatly facilitated by the development of such websites and, while the benefits of using them are debated, most researchers agree the concept of privacy is not correctly understood and applied in these networks. Therefore, we shall discuss the risks users face while engaging in activities on Social Network Sites and the attitudes of users regarding sharing personal information. The second part of the article is represented by a study on Facebook Friend Lists, a feature provided to achieve network fragmentation and segmentation. Our findings suggest a high percentage of users are not aware of its existence or are not acquainted with it, while others simply do not make use of it. While Lists did not seem to improve the level of online tension, we propose further research question to identify why they did not have an effect and how they could be improved. Keywords—social networks; Facebook; privacy; social spheres; network segmentation
To support trust and trustworthiness: punish, communicate, both, neither?

We examine the effects of punishment, communication, and their interaction on trust and trustworthiness. Our findings suggest that, when communication alone is available as an option for the trustor, using it roughly doubles the ability the trustor has to elicit trustworthiness, so communication is not cheap talk. When punishment alone is available, a punishment threat has no significant impact on the marginal ability of trust to elicit trustworthiness. If the two mechanisms are available and implemented together, the choice to punish completely cancels out the positive effect of the choice to communicate. For policy, these findings stress the importance of communication relative to contracts enforced with material penalties.
RESPONSE OF FIELD PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) GENOTYPES TO ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT (MYCOSPHAERELLA PINODES) DISEASE IN ARSI HIGHLANDS, SOUTHEASTERN ETHIOPIA

The yield of field pea in Ethiopia is hampered due to the prevalence of Ascochyta Blight disease. 49 field pea materials including 21 introduced field pea materials; 19 single plants selected from bulked gene pool materials and 9 released varieties were evaluated under field condition of two environments using simple lattice design to identify resistant genotypes. The current study revealed that considerable variation was found for response against ascochyta blight diseases and yield performance even if high level of resistance materials were not identified. High degree of disease severity was observed at Kofele site than Bekoje. Out of the total 49 genotypes; 16 genotypes (GPHA03, GPHA019, GPHA06, GPHA01, GPHA018,P-313-010 , P-313-045 ,P-313-086, P-313-082, P-313-071 , P-313-065 , P-313-098 , P-313-061 , P-313-068 , P313-067 and PDFPT-BEK) were moderately resistant and the remaining 33 materials were susceptible to ascochyta blight disease. Genotypes PDFPT-BEK, P-313-067,P-313-010, and P-313-082 were relatively high yielder and moderately resistant materials. It is better to repeat this trial in multi-location and season to check disease and yield stability for further breeding purpose.
Mechanism for the suppression of quantum noise at large scales on expanding space

We present an exactly solvable model for the suppression of quantum noise at large scales on expanding space. The suppression arises naturally in the de Broglie-Bohm pilot-wave formulation of quantum theory, according to which the Born probability rule has a dynamical origin. For a scalar field on a radiation-dominated background we construct the exact solution for the time-evolving wave functional and study properties of the associated field trajectories. It is shown that the time evolution of a field mode on expanding space is mathematically equivalent to that of a standard harmonic oscillator with a “retarded time” that depends on the wavelength of the mode. In the far super-Hubble regime the equivalent oscillator evolves over only one Hubble time, yielding a simple mechanism whereby relaxation to the Born rule can be suppressed on very large scales. We present numerical simulations illustrating how the expansion of space can cause a retardation of relaxation in the super-Hubble regime. Given these results it is natural to expect a suppression of quantum noise at super-Hubble wavelengths. Such suppression could have taken place in a preinflationary era, resulting in a large-scale power deficit in the cosmic microwave background.
Nutrient Metabolism A Survey of Serum and Dietary Carotenoids in Captive Wild Animals 1

Accumulation of carotenoids varies greatly among animal species and is not fully characterized. Circulating carotenoid concentration data in captive wild animals are limited and may be useful for their management. Serum carotenoid concentrations and dietary intakes were surveyed and the extent of accumulation categorized for 76 species of captive wild animals at Brookfield Zoo. Blood samples were obtained opportunistically from 275 individual animals immobilized for a variety of reasons; serum was analyzed for aand b-carotene, lutein 1 zeaxanthin, lycopene, b-cryptoxanthin and canthaxanthin. Total carotenoid content of diets was calculated from tables and chemical analyses of commonly consumed dietary components. Diets were categorized as low, moderate or high in carotenoid content as were total serum carotenoid concentrations. Animals were classified as unknown, high, moderate or low (non-) accumulators of dietary cartenoids. Nonaccumulators had total serum carotenoid concentrations of 0–101 nmol/L, whereas accumulators had concentrations that ranged widely, from 225 to 35,351 nmol/L. Primates were uniquely distinguished by the widest range of type and concentration of carotenoids in their sera. Most were classified as high to moderate accumulators. Felids had high accumulation of b-carotene regardless of dietary intake, whereas a wide range of exotic birds accumulated only the xanthophylls, lutein 1 zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin or cryptoxanthin. The exotic ungulates, with the exception of the bovids, had negligible or nondetectable carotenoid serum concentrations despite moderate intakes. Bovids accumulated only b-carotene despite moderately high lutein 1 zeaxanthin intakes. Wild captive species demonstrated a wide variety of carotenoid accumulation patterns, which could be exploited to answer remaining questions concerning carotenoid metabolism and function. J. Nutr. 129: 380–390, 1999.
Genetic divergence analyses of lowland rice genotypes in North Western Ethiopia

Information on the nature and magnitude of genetic variability is one of the prerequisites for a successful breeding program in selecting genotypes with desirable characters. To estimate the level of genetic divergence of lowland rice genotypes, a field experiment was conducted using thirty-six genotypes during 2017 main cropping season. The experiment was laid out 6x6 simple lattice design. Analyses of variances showed significant differences among traits tested, except harvest index. Principal components PC1, PC2 and PC3 accounted for 64.16% of the total variation. The highest inter-cluster distance was exhibited between cluster I and IV (D2 = 769.77), cluster I and VI (D2=485.33), cluster I and III (D2=232.35), cluster III and IV (D2=312), cluster III and VI (D2=197), cluster IV and VI (D2=746.51), cluster VI and V (D2=259.51) and cluster VI and VII (D2=140.15). The crosses between genotypes selected from cluster I with clusters IV, VI and III; cluster IV with clusters III, VI and V are expected to produce better genetic recombination and segregation in their progenies. The cluster means for cluster VI and I were characterized by early heading and early maturity. While cluster I, II, III, and IV were characterized by high mean performance for grain yield for most of its components. Key words: Cluster analysis, divergence, genetic distance, principal component, rice.
THE DYNAMIC AND EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE OF BASILICA CHURCHES IN KEFALONIA, GREECE INCLUDING SOILFOUNDATION DEFORMABILITY AND WALL DETACHMENT.

The dynamic and earthquake behaviour of structural systems representing PostByzantine Christian churches located in Kefalonia-Greece is examined. All these churches are made of stone masonry. They developed damage to their masonry elements due to the amplitude of the gravitational forces acting together with the seismic forces that were generated by the recent 2014earthquake activity, combined with the deformability of the foundation. The numerical results together with assumed strength values are utilized to predict the behaviour of the various masonry parts of these churches in in-plane, shear, and normal stress as well as out-of-plane flexure. Use is made in the numerical simulation of the deformability of the foundation of the results obtained from a specific investigation that dealt in measuring the dynamic characteristics of a bell tower located in Lixouri-Kefalonia-Greece. It is shown that the foundation deformability partly explains the appearance of structural damage. When comparing the numerically predicted regions that reach limit state conditions with actual damage patterns a reasonably good agreement in a qualitative sense can be observed. In addition, the numerical simulation focused in reproducing numerically certain non-linear mechanisms that are typical for this type of structural systems. The numerically predicted non-linear response mechanisms at the corners of the masonry walls as well as at the roof to masonry wall level seem to reproduce in a realistic way the observed damage patterns in these regions.
Incidence and outcomes of acute kidney injury in a referred chronic kidney disease cohort.

BACKGROUND Whilst chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been identified as a risk factor for the development of acute kidney injury (AKI), little has been published about the incidence and outcomes of those acute injuries on chronic stable kidney disease and even less in a referred cohort of CKD patients followed up by nephrologists. METHODS We followed up 6862 patients registered as CKD in British Columbia, Canada for a median time of 19.4 months after they achieved an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) value < or =30 mL/min/1.73 m(2). AKI was defined as a decrease in eGFR of > or =25% compared to a moving baseline eGFR within 25 days. RESULTS Of the CKD patients, 44.9% had at least one AKI episode. Crude incidence rate for a first AKI event was 34.8 per 100 person-years. Older age [adjusted relative risks (RR) = 0.93 by 10 years, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.90, 0.95] was associated with a lower risk of AKI. Of the patients, 15.3% died before dialysis and 18.1% initiated dialysis. AKI was associated with both a higher risk of death (adjusted RR = 2.32, 95% CI = 2.04, 2.64) and an increased risk of dialysis (adjusted RR = 2.33, 95% CI = 2.07, 2.61). CONCLUSIONS In a referred CKD population, AKI was a frequent event and associated with higher risks of dialysis and mortality. The incidence of AKI appears to be less with older age in this population. Quantification of AKI incidence and its risk factors in different populations is important for clinicians and planners, so that appropriate identification, prevention and treatment strategies can be tested.
Biased Forecasts to Affect Voting Decisions? The Brexit Case

This paper introduces macroeconomic forecasters as political agents and suggests that they use their forecasts to influence voting outcomes. We develop a probabilistic voting model in which voters do not have complete information about the future states of the economy and have to rely on macroeconomic forecasters. The model predicts that it is optimal for forecasters with economic interest (stakes) and influence to publish biased forecasts prior to a referendum. We test our theory using high-frequency data at the forecaster level surrounding the Brexit referendum. The results show that forecasters with stakes and in uence released much more pessimistic estimates for GDP growth in the following year than other forecasters. Actual GDP growth rate in 2017 shows that forecasters with stakes and in uence were also more incorrect than other institutions and the propaganda bias explains up to 50 percent of their forecast error.
Association between body mass index and dysmenorrhea among medical students: A cross-sectional study

Background and Aim: The etiology of menstrual disorders such as dysmenorrhea, premenstrual symptoms, menorrhagia, polymenorrhea, abnormal vaginal bleeding, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and irregular menstruation among the can be due to various psychological as well as organic causes. This study was conducted to assess the menstrual pattern in young adult females. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among female MBBS students and interns of Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat, India. Data was collected in a semi-structured questionnaire that was administered to all undergraduate female medical students in the age group of 18-25years. The questionnaire consisted of details regarding the menstrual historythe duration and amount of flow of the recent three menstrual cycles, associated symptoms like dysmenorrhoea, leg cramps, and any other bodily changes like weight gain, hair growth, etc was taken. These students' anthropometric measurements such as height, weight BMI, any signs of hirsutism, or androgenic were recorded. Results: 2.9% of the students had polymenorrhoea. Oligomenorrhoea was found in 14% of participants. The length of the menstrual interval was normal (i.e. 21-35 days) in 76% of the students whereas 6.8% of students had an irregular menstrual cycle. It was found that a high percentage (66.6%) of students who were overweight/obese were reportedly suffering from dysmenorrhea. Whereas lesser percentage underweight (44.7%) and normal weight (55.5%) students were reportedly suffering from dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and management of dysmenorrhea should be done and appropriate necessary lifestyle modification should be encouraged among young females to reduce the incidence of PCOD and metabolic syndrome later in life.