Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Call the on-Call: Authentic Team Training on an Interprofessional Training Ward – A Case Study

Purpose There is a disconnect between how healthcare teams commonly are trained and how they act in reality. The purpose with this paper was to present a learning activity that prepares healthcare students to authentic teamwork where team members are fluent and move between different localities, and to explore how this setting affects learning. Methods A learning activity “Call the On-Call” consisting of two elements, workplace team training where team members are separated into different locations, and a telephone communication exercise, was created. A case study approach using mixed methods was adopted to explore medical-, nurse-, physiotherapy- and occupational therapy students and supervisor perspectives of the effects of the learning activity. Data collection involved surveys, notes from reflection sessions, a focus group interview, and field observations. Thematic analysis was applied for qualitative data and descriptive statistics for quantitative data. The sociocultural learning theory, social capital theory, was used to conceptualize and analyse the findings. Results The majority of the students (n=198) perceived that the learning activity developed their interprofessional and professional competence, but to a varying degree. Especially nursing students found value in the learning activity, above all due to increased confidence in calling a doctor. Physio- and occupational therapy students lacked the opportunity to be active during the telephone exercise, however, they described how it increased their interprofessional competence. Authenticity was highlighted as the key strength of the learning activity from all professions. Concerns that team building would suffer as a result of splitting the student team proved unfounded. Conclusion The learning activity created new opportunities for students to reflect on interprofessional collaboration. Constant physical proximity during training is not essential for effective healthcare team building. Splitting the student team during training may in fact enhance interprofessional learning and lead to progression in interprofessional communication.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes Anchoring in Simulated Competitive Market Negotiation

example, framing of outcomes in positive or negative The competitive market simulation (Bazerman, Mag-terms has been shown to affect negotiators perfor-liozzi, & Neale, 1985) was used to explore anchoring mance and total profit (Bazerman, Magliozzi, & Neale, effects in negotiation. Two possible anchoring effects 1985; Neale & Northcraft, 1986). Other biases, such as were examined in the present study. One effect in-undue reliance on readily available information, and volved the profit schedule format; although individual overconfidence in judgment have also been shown to profit schedules for buyers and sellers were norma-One of the cognitive heuristics which extensively af-the seller's schedule was increasing. Anchoring on the first number in the profit list would contribute to the fects individual decision making (Tversky & Kahne-buyer's advantage, often found in this research. The man, 1974; Kahneman, 1992) is termed Anchoring. effect of schedule format was tested here by running This heuristic is employed in various cases in which a separate simulation with inverted formats. As pre-one needs to estimate an unknown value. To generate dicted, the relative advantage of buyers over sellers the required estimate, one begins by anchoring on a reversed with the change in profit schedule format. salient available point and continues by making adjust-The second anchoring effect involved the initial offers. ment away from that anchor. The adjustment is typi-In running the simulated market, initial offers were cally insufficient, thus yielding a final estimate which recorded as well the initiator's assigned role. Initial is overly affected by the anchor. Anchoring number es-offer values, for both the initiator and the non-initiator timates on irrelevant information has been shown to significantly affected final profit. The impact of schedule format on final agreement appeared mostly due to affect experienced negotiators as well as novices its effect on initial offers. Finally, the role of experi-(Northcraft & Neale, 1987). A novel methodology, first developed by Kelley (1966) profit increased with learning. The increase stemmed and later extensively used by Bazerman and his associ-from improved value of the initial offer from the per-ates spective of the non-initiator. The results provided no Bazerman, 1991) enabled researchers to study the im-indication of a decline in format schedule effect or in pact of judgmental biases on integrative bargaining in the major impact of initial offers, as negotiators gain laboratory setting. In the setting employed by Bazer-experience. The implications of results concerning the man et al. (1985) subjects, randomly assigned roles …
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes Taking Advice: Accepting Help, Improving Judgment, and Sharing Responsibility Ing a Set of Questions Decreased Their Confidence in Their Ception of Their Expertise Increased Their Confidence In

this influence is measured by the improvement in the Why do people take advice? To find out, we provided quality of the judgment. Here we shall be concerned a low, medium, or high level of training on a task in primarily with factors that determine the influence that which judgments varied in importance. Then, in a test advice has on a judge. session, we eliminated feedback but made advice avail-Hogarth and Einhorn's (1992) Belief Adjustment able. Different features of our results suggest that model provides some insight into how advice may be there are three distinct reasons for taking advice. First, integrated with an individual's prior beliefs. Consider even experienced judges took some advice from nov-a doctor who has assessed a terminally ill patient's life ices: people appear reluctant to reject completely the help offered to them. Second, all judges took more ad-expectancy and then asked a colleague for an indepen-vice from advisors more experienced than themselves, dent opinion. According to Hogarth and Einhorn (1992), and the amount that they took was related to the differ-the doctor forms a final opinion by taking a weighted ence in level of experience: people appeared to be try-average of his or her prior opinion and the colleague's ing to use advice to improve their judgments. Third, advice. The weight given to the advice depends on the experience enabled people to distinguish judgments person's sensitivity to new information. This, in turn, on the basis of their importance. Experienced judges depends on situational variables such as the credibility took about twice as much advice for the most important of the source of the new information (e.g., the colleague's judgments: they appeared to be sharing responsibility seniority). However, Hogarth and Einhorn (1992) also when the risk associated with error was high. Thus, we model advice-taking in terms of three components: argue that sensitivity to information varies with per-accepting help, improving judgment, and sharing re-sonal variables: their example of this is a scientist who sponsibility. ᭧ 1997 Academic Press is not sensitive to information about a favorite theory. Their model therefore implies that people receiving advice should take their beliefs about their own level of In many institutions, judges or executives take indi-expertise into account as well as their beliefs about the vidual decisions after conferring with one or more advi-expertise of their advisors. sors or consultants. With a few rare exceptions (e.g., At present, there appears …
Generative Adversarial Network (Generative Artificial Intelligence) in Pediatric Radiology: A Systematic Review

Generative artificial intelligence, especially with regard to the generative adversarial network (GAN), is an important research area in radiology as evidenced by a number of literature reviews on the role of GAN in radiology published in the last few years. However, no review article about GAN in pediatric radiology has been published yet. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review applications of GAN in pediatric radiology, their performances, and methods for their performance evaluation. Electronic databases were used for a literature search on 6 April 2023. Thirty-seven papers met the selection criteria and were included. This review reveals that the GAN can be applied to magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray, computed tomography, ultrasound and positron emission tomography for image translation, segmentation, reconstruction, quality assessment, synthesis and data augmentation, and disease diagnosis. About 80% of the included studies compared their GAN model performances with those of other approaches and indicated that their GAN models outperformed the others by 0.1–158.6%. However, these study findings should be used with caution because of a number of methodological weaknesses. For future GAN studies, more robust methods will be essential for addressing these issues. Otherwise, this would affect the clinical adoption of the GAN-based applications in pediatric radiology and the potential advantages of GAN could not be realized widely.
Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), December 2019 to January 2020

Since December 2019, China has been experiencing a large outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) which can cause respiratory disease and severe pneumonia. We estimated the basic reproduction number R0 of 2019-nCoV to be around 2.2 (90% high density interval: 1.4–3.8), indicating the potential for sustained human-to-human transmission. Transmission characteristics appear to be of similar magnitude to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and pandemic influenza, indicating a risk of global spread.
Career Don’t Stop Believing: Career Empowerment as a Mediator between Hope and Organizational Outcomes

The growing trend towards individual career management requires understanding the driving forces of career changes. In the current study we explore how personal resources, namely hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and social support are associated with the motivational construct of career empowerment, which in turn predicts employees’ behavioral (OCB, performance appraisal) and attitudinal (job engagement, life satisfaction) outcomes. We conducted a quantitative study in which 251 full-and part-time employees completed paper-and-pencil surveys measuring internal and external resources, and career empowerment. Our results indicate that the research variables are significantly and positively correlated with one another. Mediation analyses with competing models indicate that career empowerment is a partial mediator between personal resources and various outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Decadal changes of anthropogenic carbon in the Atlantic 1990–2010

The Atlantic inventory of anthropogenic carbon ( C ant ) and its changes between 1990 and 2010 are investigated by applying the transit time distribution (TTD) method to anthropogenic tracer data. In contrast to previous TTD applications, here we take into account the admixture of old waters free of anthropogenic tracers. The greatest difference to other methods based on direct carbon observations is the higher C ant storage in the deep ocean. The results from the TTD method better reflects the observed distribution of other transient tracers such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Changes in oceanic circulation/ventilation 5 are important on the regional scale. The enhanced upwelling of older water in the Southern Ocean and the decline in the convection depth in the Labrador Sea lead to deviations of the inferred C ant increase between 1990 and 2010 from the rate equivalent to a steady state ocean. For the total Atlantic C ant inventory, however, decadal ventilation variability of individual water masses is partially compensating each other, and the effect is small due to the much higher flushing time for the total Atlantic of the order of hundreds of years. The total C ant inventory increases from 39 . 7 ± 7 . 7PgC in 1990 to 54 . 6 ± 9 . 5PgC 10 in 2010, almost in unison with the rising CO 2 in the atmosphere. Only a reduction of the Atlantic ventilation over several decades would severely change this relationship.
An exploration of motivations among scuba divers in north central Florida

There has been a boom in the adventure travel market as 98 million adults had taken an adventure vacation between 1992 and 1997, which includes soft adventure vacations (e.g., camping, hiking, biking, bird-or-animal-watching, horseback riding, sailing, skiing), and hard adventure vacations (e.g., mountain biking, whitewater raftingikayaking, scuba diving, rock climbing, snowboarding, skydiving) (Travel Industry Association, 1998). Approximately 46% of the population took soft adventures, 16% took hard adventures and 13% took both (Research Alert, 1998). Hard adventure activities have been referred to as "risk recreation activities" which differs from traditional soft adventure activities because of the presence of significant components of risk (may be lifethreatening), danger and uncertainty, which could be either perceived or real (Ewert, 1994). Additionally, risk recreation activities includes the following characteristics: 1) involvement with a natural environment, 2) elements of risk and, danger, 3) uncertain outcome, and 4) influenced by the participant or circumstance (Ewert, 2001)
Human exploitation of the short-tailed shearwater (Pujfinus tenuirostris)

The short-tailed shearwater or Tasmanian muttonbird Puffinus tenuirostris (Temminck, 1835) breeds mainly in Tasmania, particularly on Bass Strait islands. In Tasmania it is a partly protected species, subject to annual open seasons. Aboriginal exploitation of this species is shown by small amounts Of material in several archaeological sites in Tasmania and the Australian mainland; such use was limited by seasonal, technological and cultural choice. Present-day Aboriginal Tasrnanians view the muttonbirding industry as one of their major social and economic activities. On the decline of the seal industry established by Europeans in Bass Sirait, some sealers settled on the islands hunting game. Farming and collecting shearwaters for their livelihood. Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, muttonbirding was rhe mainstay of the local economy, but in the last 60 years the industry has declined considerably, the annual catch falling from one million to about 300 000 chicks.
Therapeutic plasmapheresis: an eleven-year clinical experience

Objective: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is currently indicated as an alternative treatment regimen in a number of guidelines for various medical conditions. In this article we retrospectively reviewed cases who underwent TPE in Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital intensive care unit between 2007 and 2016 and compared the findings to the current reports in the literature. Methods: A total of 80 cases were treated with TPE between 2007 and 2016 in our intensive care unit. Information on demographic variables, therapeutic indications, catheterized veins, complications during the procedure, number of sessions, replacement products used and survival data was collected. In addition, pre- and post-procedure serum triglyceride, cholesterol and amylase levels were also collected in acute pancreatitis cases associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Results: A total of 501 TPE sessions were performed on 80 cases comprising 35 neurology, 18 hematology, 12 hypertriglycemic acute pancreatitis and 7 acute hepatic insufficiency patients, along with 8 cases with less common indications including sepsis, hyperthyroidism resistant to medical therapy and toxic epidermal necrolysis. The age of the subjects ranged between 12 and 82 years (mean; 45.08 ± 14.67 years). Sixteen (23.19%) cases died before the completion of the planned sessions. Pre- and post-procedure serum triglyceride, cholesterol and amylase levels were significantly different in acute pancreatitis cases ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Timely implementation of TPE in applicable indications may be helpful in preventing morbidity and mortality in a wide spectrum of disorders.
Promising oncolytic agents for metastatic breast cancer treatment

: New therapies for metastatic breast cancer patients are urgently needed. The long-term survival rates remain unacceptably low for patients with recurrent disease or disseminated metastases. In addition, existing therapies often cause a variety of debilitating side effects that severely impact quality of life. Oncolytic viruses constitute a developing therapeutic modality in which interest continues to build due to their ability to spare normal tissue while selectively destroying tumor cells. A number of different viruses have been used to develop oncolytic agents for breast cancer, including herpes simplex virus, adenovirus, vaccinia virus, measles virus, reovirus, and others. In general, clinical trials for several cancers have demonstrated excellent safety records and evidence of efficacy. However, the impressive tumor responses often observed in preclinical studies have yet to be realized in the clinic. In order for the promise of oncolytic virotherapy to be fully realized for breast cancer patients, effectiveness must be demonstrated in metastatic disease. This review provides a summary of oncolytic virotherapy strategies being developed to target metastatic breast cancer.
Business Cycles and Police Hires∗

We show that the quality of police hires varies over the business cycle. Officers hired when the unemployment rate is high have fewer complaints, disciplines, and are less likely to be fired than officers hired when the unemployment rate is low. Effects are larger for younger workers who have weaker outside options in recessions. We find that the size and quality of the applicant pool increases in high unemployment years–more people take entry exams and a larger fraction pass the exam. Our findings shed light on how outside options affect police hires and speak to policy questions about police recruitment.
Dealing with an International Credit Crunch

International Credit Crunch Dealing with an international credit crunch is no easy task, as any policymaker in the world would tell you today! Credit flows are the blood of the world’s economic system. When a human artery becomes clogged and the blood flow is interrupted, the consequences can be dire unless the flow is restored promptly. Similarly, a sudden stop in capital flows that blocks the normal supply of international credit to countries can inflict serious damage on the affected economies unless decisive action is taken. But if you’re not a government like the United States, a safe haven for global savings that can pump billions of dollars into a stimulus package, what’s a country to do? This newsletter looks at this question from the Latin American point of view. Drawing from research that explored the region’s experience with the sudden stops in capital flows of the 1990s, it reviews lessons learned that may be of use today. To begin with, countries must realize that it’s not necessarily their fault. A defining characteristic of systemic sudden stops is that they originate in shortcomings in international capital markets—i.e. international capital supply shocks—rather than in domestic policy failings. However, while the cause may come from abroad, the solutions must often be home grown and if sudden stops are not handled adequately, then output collapse can be severe and recovery more painful. In designing a strategy to confront sudden stops and avoid output collapse, several questions come to mind: Can emerging countries afford expansive monetary and fiscal policies in times of crisis? Should they instead restore credibility by tightening monetary and fiscal policy, or will these policies only make matters worse? To what extent are weak initial macroeconomic conditions an important constraint leading to disaster? Do they put a country on an irreversible path? Are they destiny, or can their impact be mitigated during a crisis? Should financial shocks be viewed as temporary or persistent, and what policy options are available? And further down the road, what implications does the latent risk of sudden stops have for economic policies during periods of bonanza? This newsletter draws from a new IDB book, “Dealing with an International Credit Crunch: Policy Responses to Sudden Stops in Latin America,” which addresses these questions from different angles, bringing in both lessons from country studies as well as cross-country analysis. The book documents policy responses to sudden stop episodes of the late 1990s for eight Latin American countries. But it also takes a more systematic approach by analyzing the impact of policies on output behavior for a wider range of emerging markets. Using both sets of information, and distinguishing between successful and unsuccessful cases, it extracts policy recommendations Inter-American Development Bank Research Department
Effective Labor Regulation and Microeconomic Flexibility

Microeconomic flexibility is at the core of economic growth in modern market economies because it facilitates the process of creative-destruction, The main reason why this process is not infinitely fast, is the presence of adjustment costs, some of them technological, others institutional. Chief among the latter is labor market regulation. While few economists object to the hypothesis that labor market regulation hinders the process of creative-destruction, its empirical support is limited. In this paper we revisit this hypothesis, using a new sectoral panel for 60 countries and a methodology suitable for such a panel. We find that job security regulation clearly hampers the creative-destruction process, especially in countries where regulations are likely to be enforced. Moving from the 20th to the 80th percentile in job security, in countries with strong rule of law, cuts the annual speed of adjustment to shocks by a third while shaving off about one percent from annual productivity growth. The same movement has negligible effects in countries with weak rule of law.
Employment flexibility, job security and job satisfaction of knowledge workers in Poland.

L'evidencia empirica disponible ha contrasta la influencia positiva de l'estabilitat del treball sobre la satisfaccio dels treballadors. L'estabilitat del treball, que generalment es mesura a traves dels tipus de contracte, pot incidir sobre la satisfaccio dels treballadors de manera directa, pero tambe a traves d'un efecte indirecte sobre altres variables del treball, com la seguretat laboral en el sentit que una posicio estable en el lloc de treball pot conduir als treballadors cap a una major sensacio de seguretat. L'objectiu d'aquesta investigacio es l'analisi de les relaciones entre la seguretat laboral, l'estabilitat del treball i la satisfaccio dels treballadors a Polonia. La investigacio tambe incorpora l'analisi dels efectes diferencials entre els treballadors del coneixement i els treballadors ubicats en activitats menys intensives en coneixement. A partir d'una mostra representativa de 8642 el 2011, la investigacio utilitza un model logistic amb la satisfaccio laboral com a variable dependent, i el tipus de contracte, la seguretat laboral i les caracteristiques dels treballadors com a variables independents. El seu principal resultat evidencia que la seguretat laboral es un factor determinant en l'explicacio de la satisfaccio dels treballadors a Polonia, enlloc d'un resultat de la negociacio i dels convenis col·lectius. La investigacio tambe posa de relleu que la satisfaccio dels treballadors del coneixement esta mes influenciada per la seguretat laboral.