Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brain Activation Differences of Six Basic Emotions Between 2D Screen and Virtual Reality Modalities

To our knowledge, it has been widely studied in Screen-2D modality for the six basic emotions proposed by Professor Paul Ekman, but there are only studies on their positive and negative valence in VR-3D modality. In this study, we will investigate whether the six basic emotions have stronger brain activation states in VR-3D modality than in Screen-2D modality. We designed an emotion-inducing experiment with six basic emotions (happiness, surprise, sadness, fear, anger, and disgust) to record the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals during watching VR-3D and Screen-2D videos. The power spectral density (PSD) was calculated to compare the brain activation differences between VR-3D and Screen-2D modalities during the induction of the six basic emotions. The results of statistical analysis of the relative power differences between VR-3D and Screen-2D modalities for each emotion revealed that both happiness and surprise presented greater differences in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> frequency bands, while sad, fear, disgust and anger all presented greater differences in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> frequency bands, which are mainly observed in the frontal and occipital regions. On the other hand, the six emotions all yielded satisfactory classification accuracy (above 85%) by classification from a subset of power feature of the brain activation states in the same emotion between the two modalities. Overall, there are significant differences in the induction of same discrete emotions in VR-3D and Screen-2D modalities, with greater brain activation in VR-3D modalities. These findings provide a better understanding about the neural activity of discrete emotional tasks assessed in VR environments.
Predicting Atrial Fibrillation after Ischemic Stroke: Clinical, Genetics, and Electrocardiogram Modelling

Introduction: Detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) is challenging in patients after ischaemic stroke due to its paroxysmal nature. We aimed to determine the utility of a combined clinical, electrocardiographic, and genetic variable model to predict AF in a post-stroke population. Materials and Methods: We performed a cohort study at a single comprehensive stroke centre from November 09, 2009, to October 31, 2017. All patients recruited were diagnosed with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attacks. Electrocardiographic variables including p-wave terminal force (PWTF), corrected QT interval (QTc), and genetic variables including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the 4q25 (rs2200733) were evaluated. Clinical, electrocardiographic and genetic variables of patients without AF and those who developed AF were compared. Multiple logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristics were performed to identify parameters and determine their ability to predict the occurrence of AF. Results: Out of 709 patients (median age of 59 years, inter-quartile range 52–67) recruited, sixty (8.5%) were found to develop AF on follow-up. Age (odds ratio [OR]): 3.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.03–5.98, p < 0.0001), hypertension (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.36–5.63, p = 0.0052), and valvular heart disease (OR: 8.49, 95% CI: 2.62–27.6, p < 0.004) were the strongest predictors of AF, with an area under receiver operating value of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.70–0.82), and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77–0.87) when electrocardiographic variables (PWTF and QTc) were added. SNP did not improve prediction modelling. Conclusion: We demonstrated that a model combining clinical and electrocardiographic variables provided robust prediction of AF in our post-stroke population. Role of SNP in prediction of AF was limited.
Monitoring food quality using an optical fibre based sensor system—a comparison of Kohonen and back-propagation neural network classification techniques

This paper reports on two methods of classifying the spectral data from an optical fibre based sensor system as used in the food industry. The first method uses a feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network while the second method involves using Kohonen self-organizing maps. The sensor monitors the food colour online as the food cooks by examining the reflected light from both the surface and the core of the product. The combination of using principal component analysis and back-propagation neural networks has been successfully investigated previously. In this paper, results obtained using this method are compared with results obtained using a self-organizing map trained on the principal components. The principal components used to train both classifiers are ordered in a ‘colourscale’—a scale developed to allow several products of similar colour to be tested using a single network that had been trained using the colourscale. The results presented show that both classifiers perform well, and that any differences that arise occur at the boundaries of the classes.
Local Regression: Automatic Kernel Carpentry

A kernel smoother is an intuitive estimate of a regression function or conditional expectation; at each point xO the estimate of E(YIxo) is a weighted mean of the sample Yi, with observations close to xo receiving the largest weights. Unfortunately this simplicity has flaws. At the boundary of the predictor space, the kernel neighborhood is asymmetric and the estimate may have substantial bias. Bias can be a problem in the interior as well if the predictors are nonuniform or if the regression function has substantial curvature. These problems are particularly severe when the predictors are multidimensional. A variety of kernel modifications have been proposed to provide ap- proximate and asymptotic adjustment for these biases. Such methods generally place substantial restrictions on the regression problems that can be considered; in unfavorable situations, they can perform very poorly. Moreover, the necessary modifications are very difficult to imple- ment in the multidimensional case. Local regression smoothers fit low-order polynomials in x locally at xO, and the estimate of f(xo) is taken from the fitted polynomial at xO. They automatically, intuitively and simultaneously adjust for both the biases above to the given order and generalize naturally to the multidi- mensional case. They also provide natural estimates for the derivatives of f, an approach more attractive than using higher-order kernel functions for the same purpose.
Optimalisasi Kemampuan Maharah- Al Kalam Melalui Penerapan Authentic Assessment Pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Di SD Al-Qodiri Jember

Fakta di lembaga pendidikan tertama guru, banyak yang beranggapan bahwa penilaian bukan merupakan bagian dari kegiatan pembelajaran. Sehingga kegiatan penilaian ini hanya dijadikan moment untuk menandai bahwa pembelajaran telah usai, bahkan ironis sekali kegiatan penilaian ini dijadikan ajang untuk menghakimi peserta didik” apakah pinter atau bodoh, apakah ranking atau tidak “. Kenyataan ini kontradiksi, bahwa penilaian merupakan bagian dari pembelajaran dan elemen penting yang berfungsi bukan hanya uantuk mengetahui ketercapaian suatu kompetensi peserta didik, tapi juga untuk perbaikan mutu pendidikan. Authentic Assessment dapat dijadikan alternatif bagi guru dalam melakukan penelian. Penilaian ini merupkan suatu bentuk penilaian yang menuntut peserta didik untuk menerapan pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang dimiliki sehingga peserta didik dapat menunjukkan kinerja sebagaiman dalam dunia nyata. Jenis penilaian penting untuk diterapkan dalam kontek pembelajaran bahasa arab, terutam Maharah al Kalam. Karena umumnnua, kemampuan dalam berbicara bahasa arab di sekolah tingkat dasar mash sangat rendah. Sekolah Dasar Plus Al Qodiri merupakan sekolah yang berbasis pesantren, salah satu prgoramnya adalah peserta didik memiliki keterampilan dalam bahasa arab. Melalui program “ Yaumu al ‘Araby” diharapkan tercipta lingkungan yang mendukung tercapainya kemampuan Maharah al Kalam peserta didik. Oleh karena itu urgent sekali untuk dilakukan penelitian jenis kualitatif tentang bagaimana optimalisasi kemampuan Maharah al Kalam melalui Authentic Assessment dalam Pembelajaran bahasa arab di SD Al-Qodiri Jember. Dengan peneitian kualitatif diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Authentic Assessment dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam Maharah al Kalam . Indikator keberhasilan ini dapat dibuktikan bahwa ; 1) peserta didik responsif dan interaktif dalam mengikuti pembelajaran Maharah al Kalami. 2) 90 % peserta didik mampu mengucapkan beberapa mufradat yang ada di lingkungan sekolah, baik di halaman, kelas, kanntor ataupun di kantin, 84,3% peserta didik mampu saling menyapa dengan guru, temanya dengan teks-teks percakan Ta’aruf dan 80 % peserta didik mampu menjawab ungkapa-ungkapan sapaan, perintah, larangan yang ditanyakan oleh guru. Keyword: Maharah- Al Kalam, Authentic Assessment, Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab
Characterization of Mewari, an indigenous chicken breed, from hot tropical climate of India

Mewari, an indigenous chicken breed, was characterized for phenotypic parameters, growth, reproduction and production traits under the hot tropical climate of India. The data collected on 690 chicks were analyzed for effect of sex, hatch and their interaction on body weight and body measurements. The body weights of males were significantly higher at different weeks except at day old. Significantly higher shank and keel length was found in males as compared to females. The effect of hatch was significant on mean body weights at all ages, on shank length and breast angles at 8 weeks of age. The fertility and hatchability on fertile eggs set (FES) was 74.15±4.29% and 71.37±8.15%, respectively. The age at first egg (AFE) in the flock was 142 days and the age at sexual maturity (ASM) was 181.2±3.85 days. The average egg weights at 28 and 40 weks of age were 36.61±0.29 and 42.59±0.37 g, respectively. The hen day egg production (HDEP) up to 40 and 52 weeks of age was 28.93±0.13 and 59.87±0.14 eggs, respectively. The annual HDEP up to 72 weeks of age was 86.37± 0.13 eggs. The growth and egg production of Mewari chicken is comparable with other indigenous breeds. Mewari, a newly registered indigenous breed, needs to be further studied for various parameters to conserve and improve the breed for higher productivity.
Examining the roles of depression, pain catastrophizing, and self-efficacy in quality of life changes following chronic pain treatment

ABSTRACT Background Adults with chronic pain have a lower quality of life (QOL) compared to the general population. Chronic pain requires specialized treatment to address the multitude of factors that contribute to an individual’s pain experience, and effectively managing pain requires a biopsychosocial approach to improve patients’ QOL. Aim This study examined adults with chronic pain after a year of specialized treatment to determine the role of cognitive markers (i.e., pain catastrophizing, depression, pain self-efficacy) in predicting changes in QOL. Methods Patients in an interdisciplinary chronic pain clinic (N = 197) completed measures of pain catastrophizing, depression, pain self-efficacy, and QOL at baseline and 1 year later. Correlations and a moderated mediation were completed to understand the relationships between the variables. Results Higher baseline pain catastrophizing was significantly associated with increased mental QOL (b = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.141; 0.648) and decreased depression (b = −0.18, 95% CI −0.306; −0.052) over a year. Furthermore, the relationship between baseline pain catastrophizing and the change in depression was moderated by the change in pain self-efficacy (b = −0.10, 95% CI −0.145; −0.043) over a year. Patients with high baseline pain catastrophizing reported decreased depression after a year of treatment, which was associated with greater QOL improvements but only in patients with unchanged or improved pain self-efficacy. Conclusions Our findings highlight the roles of cognitive and affective factors and their impact on QOL in adults with chronic pain. Understanding the psychological factors that predict increased mental QOL is clinically useful, because medical teams can optimize these positive changes in QOL through psychosocial interventions aimed at improving patients’ pain self-efficacy.
Antibiotics Usage and Resistance among Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in the Intensive Care Unit in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Antibiotic resistance is a global health and development threat, especially during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, the current study was conducted to describe antibiotic usage and resistance among patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, only patients with positive COVID-19 status (42 patients) admitted to the ICU at the King Faisal Hospital were selected using a census sampling method. The susceptibility test of bacteria was carried out according to the standard protocol. The identified strains were tested in-vitro against several antibiotics drugs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. A total of 42 patients were included, with a mean age of 59.35 ± 18 years. Of them, 38.1% were males, and 61.9% were females. 35.7% have blood group O +. For age and blood groups, statistically significant associations were found between males and females, with p-values = 0.037 and 0.031, respectively. A large percentage (42.7%) of the obtained samples contained Klebsiella Pneumoniae; all bacteria were multidrug-resistance bacteria. Furthermore, 76.2% of bacteria were resistant to Ampicillin, 66.7% were resistant to Ciprofloxacin, 64.3% were resistant to Levofloxacin, 57.1% were resistant to Imipenem, and 57.1% were resistant to Moxifloxacin. On the contrary, among the 40 examined antibiotics, the effective antibiotics were Daptomycin, Linezolid, Mupirocin, Synercid, Teicoplanin, Vancomycin, and Nitrofurantoin. Our study demonstrates that antibiotic resistance is highly prevalent among ICU patients with COVID-19 at the King Faisal Hospital. Additionally, all bacteria were multidrug-resistance bacteria. Therefore, this high prevalence should be seriously discussed and urgently considered.
Weighted Mean Survival Test Statistics: a Class of Distance Tests for Censored Survival Data

A class of test statistics is introduced which is sensitive against the alternative of stochastic ordering in the two‐sample censored data problem. The test statistics for evaluating a cumulative weighted difference in survival distributions are developed while taking into account the imbalances in base‐line covariates between two groups. This procedure can be used to test the null hypothesis of no treatment effect, especially when base‐line hazards cross and prognostic covariates need to be adjusted. The statistics are semiparametric, not rank based, and can be written as integrated weighted differences in estimated survival functions, where these survival estimates are adjusted for covariate imbalances. The asymptotic distribution theory of the tests is developed, yielding test procedures that are shown to be consistent under a fixed alternative. The choice of weight function is discussed and relies on stability and interpretability considerations. An example taken from a clinical trial for acquired immune deficiency syndrome is presented.
Markov Renewal Prediction and Radial Kronecker Neural Network Based Handover for Seamless Mobility

Prevailing personal mobile network architectures make use of streamlined mobility control system, where the complete understanding is concentrated on single-end that results in scarce of dynamic mobility support when data volume is found to be large. The present-day networks necessitate seamless connections regardless of node position and connectivity that has to be accomplished between personal are network (PAN). In this work, a novel method called, Markov Renewal Prediction and Radial Kronecker Neural Network (MRP-RKNN) based optimized handover for seamless mobility in PAN is proposed. By employing a Markov Renewal Prediction model for Seamless Mobility along with the two-hop network architecture, in this paper, we propose a transition probabilities (TP) function to mitigate the persistent handover issue in conventional wireless communication systems. The proposed Markov Renewal Prediction model for Seamless Mobility significantly reduces handover execution time and seamless mobility handover accuracy with efficient transition probabilities. In PANs, the unavoidable deployment of low power sink nodes permits the mobile nodes with many issues in terms of Quality of Service (QoS) due to complication of recurrent handovers due to high mobility. Addressing this issue of handover optimization in the deployment of PAN, this work proposes a model called to optimize the handovers in a cost-efficient manner. In this work, Radial Kronecker Delta Neural Network is utilized for handling frequent handovers based on received signal strength and cost metrics. Here, the resultant desired output is obtained using the Radial Kronecker function being a function of two variables with which optimized handover is performed. Simulation results presented in the study exhibits the performance and prediction rate of the proposed method in terms of handover execution time, seamless mobility prediction accuracy, mobility handover cost and packet loss rate.
Image Quality Score Distribution Prediction via Alpha Stable Model

Based on potentially subjective and diverse image quality scores given by a group of subjects, we propose to predict the distribution of image quality scores rather than the mean opinion score (MOS) of image quality. Therefore, in this paper, we use an alpha stable model to parameterize the image quality score distribution (IQSD), and propose an objective method to predict the alpha-stable-model-based IQSD. First, the LIVE database is re-recorded. Specifically, we invite a large group of subjects (187 valid subjects) to evaluate the quality of all 808 images in the LIVE database, with their scores forming reliable IQSDs. All images in the LIVE database and their collected subjective quality scores form a new image quality assessment database, named the SJTU IQSD database. We then propose a framework and algorithm to predict the alpha-stable-model-based IQSD, in which quality features are extracted from the structural and natural statistical information of each image, and support vector regressors are trained to predict the alpha stable model parameters. Experiments carried out on the SJTU IQSD database verify the feasibility of using the alpha stable model to describe the IQSD, and the experimental results show that the alpha-stable-model-based IQSD can reflect a large amount of subjective information on image quality. We also prove that the objective alpha-stable-model-based IQSD prediction method is effective. The code and the SJTU IQSD database can be downloaded at ‘https://github.com/YixuanGao98/Image-Quality-Score-Distribution-Prediction-via-Alpha-Stable-Model.git’.
Electrocoloration in SrTiO3: Vacancy Drift and Oxidation-Reduction of Transition Metals

Application of dc electric fields, at temperatures of \ensuremath{\sim}100 to \ensuremath{\sim}325\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, to samples of SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ doped with transition metals leads to the appearance of colored regions, characteristic of reduced material at the cathode and oxidized material at the anode. This process is reversible upon reversal of the polarity of the applied field. We have measured the space and time dependencies of the optical and electrical properties of such samples of SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. All of the phenomena can be quantitatively understood in terms of a simple model, whose major ingredient is the drift of doubly positive oxygen vacancies across regions of high electric field, with accompanying oxidation and reduction of stationary transition-metal ions. Interpretation of our data yields quantitative estimates for the mobility of oxygen vacancies in this temperature range. For very long times of electrocoloration, the proposed model is inadequate for a quantitative description of the observed phenomena. This limitation is largely due to the formation of unusual oxidation states and complexes whose detailed nature is not yet completely understood.
A Metabolomic Profile of Seminal Fluid in Extremely Severe Oligozoopermia Suggesting an Epididymal Involvement

Male infertility has increased in the last decade. Pathophysiologic mechanisms behind extreme oligospermia (EO) are not yet fully understood. In new “omics” approaches, metabolomic can offer new information and help elucidate these mechanisms. We performed a metabolomics study of the seminal fluid (SF) in order to understand the mechanisms implicated in EO. We realized a targeted quantitative analysis using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to compare the SF metabolomic profile of 19 men with EO with that of 22 men with a history of vasectomy (V) and 20 men with normal semen parameters (C). A total of 114 metabolites were identified. We obtained a multivariate OPLS-DA model discriminating the three groups. Signatures show significantly higher levels of amino acids and polyamines in C group. The sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids and free carnitine progressively decrease between the three groups (C > EO > V) and sphingomyelins are significantly lower in V group. Our signature characterizing EO includes metabolites already linked to infertility in previous studies. The similarities between the signatures of the EO and V groups are clear evidence of epididymal dysfunction in the case of testicular damage. This study shows the complexity of the metabolomic dysfunction occurring in the SF of EO men and underlines the importance of metabolomics in understanding male infertility.
Characterization of Photoexcited Carriers and Thermal Properties of Nanoparticulate TiO2 Film Using Heterodyne Transient Grating Method

Diffusion of photoexcited carriers and the subsequent thermal diffusion by photoexcitation of a nanoparticulate TiO2 thin film were observed by the heterodyne transient grating (HD-TG) method. The observed HD-TG signal showed that the photoexcited carriers were generated inhomogeneously in the depth direction and they diffused both in the depth and parallel directions of the film. The diffusion processes were analyzed using a two-dimensional diffusion model. The thermal profile generated by the relaxation of the photoexcited carriers was treated by the same model. It was found that the effective diffusivities of the photoexcited carriers and heat decreased as the size of the nanoparticles in the film increased. It is suggested that the transport properties of the photoexcited carriers and heat are dominated by the inter-particulate resistance.