Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of an Expanded Health Belief Model With Added Constructs (Self-Efficacy And Ecological System Measures) in Modeling Compliance With Healthy Lifestyle Recommendations in Women With a Recent History of Gestational Diabetes

USEFULNESS OF AN EXPANDED HEALTH BELIEF MODEL WITH ADDED CONSTRUCTS (SELF-EFFICACY AND ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM MEASURES) IN MODELING COMPLIANCE WITH HEALTHY LIFESTYLE RECOMMENDATIONS IN WOMEN WITH A RECENT HISTORY OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES Phyllis M. Woodson Old Dominion University, 2019 Director: Dr. Qi (Harry) Zhang Problem Statement: Gestational diabetes (GDM) has been reported to affect as many as 18% of all pregnancies in the U.S. This diagnosis is costly and presents health risks to both baby and mother. The main risk to the mother with a history of GDM is her increased risk for diabetes which has been estimated at 35% to 60% in the following 10 to 20 years; more recent studies report a 7 to 8 times occurrence in the following 3 to 6 years. It is recommended that lifestyle efforts of eating healthfully and exercise can reduce this risk Methods: Subjects (n=153) from a diabetes in pregnancy clinic with a recent history of GDM completed a mailed 115-question survey (10 completed by phone). Questions assessed diet and exercise behavior, health beliefs, self-efficacy, environmental support, diabetes-related variables, and socio-demographics. Five multivariate logistic regression models were used to test the utility of the Health Belief Model with added constructs in predicting diet and exercise behavior. The models consisted of varying combinations of health beliefs, self-efficacy and environmental factors. Results: Healthy eating was analyzed in four models, but none were significant. High calorie food/beverage intake was analyzed in four models, all were significant (p < .01). Exercising ≥ 30 min three days or more weekly was analyzed in five models, all were significant (p < .01). Exercising to a sweat three days or more weekly was analyzed in five models and all were significant (p < .01); the two models assessing health beliefs, self-efficacy, and environmental support showed the most strength of prediction of all the models studied. Benefits exceed barriers and self-efficacy showed the highest prediction across all the models studied. Conclusions: By utilizing an Expanded Health Belief Model with the added constructs, self-efficacy and diabetes-related (family history of diabetes, diagnosed with diabetes) and specific ecological/environmental (social/community support) cues to action, we were able to improve prediction of compliance with healthy lifestyle recommendations in women with a recent history of GDM.
Determination of glomerular filtration rate using cystatin C in healthy Nigerian newborns

ABSTRACT Background: The value of Cystatin C as a biomarker of Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) among African newborns is unknown, due to paucity of studies, restricting the measurement of GFR in this population of newborns to creatinine clearance despite its limitations. This study was therefore conducted to estimate GFR from serum Cystatin C in a population of Nigerian newborns and explored the relationship with anthropometrics. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytical study. A total of 60 healthy preterm and 30 healthy term babies were recruited at a tertiary hospital in North-central, Nigeria. Serum Cystatin C was determined using ELISA according to standard methods. Anthropometric measurements were done with standard methods. The GFR was estimated using Zappitelli’s equation. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20, and p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean serum Cystatin C was 1.20 ± 0.33 (range 0.80–2.20) mg/L with comparable values in males and females (1.19 ± 0.35 vs 1.15 ± 0.31 mg/L, p = 0.481)). Mean serum Cystatin C among preterm babies were higher than term babies (1.31 ± 0.36 vs 1.01 ± 0.11 mg/L, p = < 0.001). Mean estimated GFR was 65.36 ± 16.9 ml/min/1.732 and was comparable in males and females (64.39 ± 17.95 vs 66.52 ± 15.76 ml/min/1.73 m2,p = 0.555). Estimated GFR was lower among preterm than term babies (60.10 ± 17.53 vs 75.89 ± 9.1 ml/min/1.73 m2, p = < 0.001). Serum cystatin C and estimated GFR moderately correlated with gestational age and anthropometrics (length, occipitofrontal circumference and weight). Conclusions: Serum cystatin C as a biomarker GFR among newborns is low compared with most studies done out of Africa. The serum cystatin C and estimated GFR correlated with the gestational age and anthropometric parameters. The findings relationship between the serum Cystatin C, estimated GFR and anthropometrics among the newborns suggested a need for more studies.
Multiple Sclerosis Patients Knowledge in Saudi Arabia

Objectives: To assess Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients’ knowledge in Saudi Arabia (SA) and in which aspect of the disease do patient need more awareness. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey has been conducted between June and August 2017. It consisted of 2 parts: sociodemographic and 23 multiple choice questions chosen from the previously validated MS Knowledge Questionnaire (MSKQ). The survey has been sent to 500 MS patients. Results: A total of 218 MS patients filled the questionnaire where only 200 included in the study. Female MS patient represents 66% of all the participants. More than half of the patients had achieved their bachelor degree. The total mean of the correct answer for both male and female found to be 58.98%(±SD 15.06%). Most patients were aware that MS is a disease of central nervous system (93%), autoimmune disease (79%), not contagious (90.5%), or inherited (64.5%). However, few patients were aware that there is no single test to diagnose MS (28.5%), and intravenous injection of contrast during MRI reveals new lesions (18.5%). Only (37%) knew what is “Relapsing–remitting”MS. The MS knowledge is positively correlated with the educational level. Conclusion: Patients with MS in SA have less knowledge in the disease’s types, workups, and treatment efficacy. While in contrast, they have more awareness of the disease’s pathophysiology. Patient’s awareness programs should aid more knowledge among MS patients in SA.
Alcohol consumption as a maladaptive coping strategy to face low life satisfaction

Abstract Drinking alcohol is a risk behaviour for individual health. Many studies have investigated the psychological factors influencing alcohol consumption among adolescent and university students, fewer investigated these variables on adult samples. The literature investigated the relation between life satisfaction and alcohol consumption. The results were not consistent. This study aimed to investigate whether drinking motives could mediate the relationship between life satisfaction and alcohol consumption, distinguishing between the general alcohol consumption and episodes of binge drinking. Data were collected by means of a self-report questionnaire in a sample of 285 adults (mean age: 34.4 years). The relations were examined empirically by means of a structural equations model. The results showed the role of drinking motives in fully mediating the relation between life satisfaction and the indicators of alcohol consumption. The coping drinking motive related to general alcohol consumption whereas the enhancement motive to increased binge drinking. Interventions should focus on the coping function of alcohol consumption, helping individuals to develop alternative coping strategies for managing negative moods resulting from unsatisfactory life conditions.
Positive Effects of the National Cigarette Price Increase Policy on Smoking Cessation in South Korea

Background In January 2015, South Korea's government raised the cigarette tax, and the retail price of cigarettes abruptly increased by 80% compared to the previous year. This research aimed to determine the effect of this increase on smoking cessation among South Korean smokers. Methods We analyzed data collected by the 2013–2015 South Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 15,203 South Koreans over 19 years old using regression analysis. We examined the recent non-smoking period of nonsmoking people, prepared according to the survey, and analyzed the recent smoking cessation ratio. Results Among smokers, from 2013 to 2014, the smoking cessation rate was 7.2%, and it increased to 9.9% in 2015 after the increase in the cigarette tax. In 2015, the recent smoking cessation rate was higher among people over the age of 60 (odds ratio [OR], 2.67) compared to those between the ages of 40 and 49. The recent smoking cessation rate was higher among people with below elementary education (OR, 2.28) and above university education (OR, 1.94) compared to high school, higher for those with apartments (OR, 1.74) compared to general type residences, and higher among those with a household income in the low-middle quartile (Q2) (OR, 2.32) compared to the highest quartile (Q4). Conclusion This innovative policy including increase in cigarette prices affected smoking cessation, and its impact varied by sub-group of smokers in South Korea.
Serum lipid profile as predictor of clinical outcome in pediatric patients with dengue infection at a tertiary care hospital

Dengue is a serious mosquito-borne viral disease which in recent years has become a major international public health concern. Dengue Fever (DF) remains the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease worldwide and in recent decades a re-emergence of the virus and its severe forms has been observed. Found in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, over 2.5 billion people live in dengue endemic countries, It is the most serious viral hemorrhagic fever in the world with an annual incidence of 100 million cases per year. Of those diagnosed, an estimated 50,0000 people, the majority being children, develop severe forms of dengue and require hospitalization annually. About 2.5% of those affected do not survive. In recent years, increases in incidence have partly been attributed to urbanization and air travel and infections are only expected to rise.
Opinions of primary care physicians and psychiatrists 
on psychiatry and psychiatrists – a comparison

This study conducted Schizophrenia Abstract Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the opinions of Primary Care Physicians (PCPs) on psychiatry and psychiatrists and on attitudes towards psychiatry among the general population, and to compare PCPs’ views with the results of the research on psychiatrists’ attitudes. Methods: A survey method was used with self-completion questionnaires. The analysis was based on 211 questionnaires. Results: 97% of PCPs state that the primary form of treatment for psychiatric patients should be some form of out-patient health care. 61% of PCPs state that the prestige of psychiatry in the opinion of doctors of other specializations is average, 50% think that majority of psychiatrists are satisfied with their choice of specialization, and 73% believe that the level of responsibility of a psychiatrist is high. 71% of PCPs believe that the funding of psychiatry is on a lower level than in other areas of medicine, 67% believe that psychiatric treatment is moderately effective, while 26% state that it is highly effective. However, PCPs believe that 60% of the society assesses it as moderately effective and 38% as ineffective or mostly ineffective. Conclusions: Almost all PCPs state that the primary form of treatment for psychiatric patients should be community care. They do not see psychiatry as being so underfunded and stigmatized within the society as psychiatrists do. PCPs assess the efficacy of psychiatric treatment to be at a much higher level than do psychiatrists, which may result from a limited contact with the group of severely ill patients. The opinions indicate a need to introduce educational programs for family doctors.
Duration of Birth Interval and Associated Factors among Married Women in Dodota Woreda, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia

Background: Birth interval refers to the time duration between two consecutive live births. Children born soon after previous birth are at high risk for health problems and died at a younger age, especially if the interval between the births is less than two years. However, factors contributing to short birth intervals are not well addressed and few studies were conducted on this issue using maternal memory (recalling) to measure the duration between births. This may lead to over or underestimation of birth interval duration. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study design was used. We used Simple random sampling technique to select one urban and four rural kebeles (the smallest administrative unit in a given district in Ethiopia) and after the sample size was proportionally allocated to selected kebeles’, systematic random sampling method was used to select a total sample size of 660 women who gave at least two live births. Face to face interview was applied to collect data using pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 20. Univariate, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were done. With 95% CI, the P value of less than 0.05 was taken as the level of significance. Results: In this study the median birth interval duration was 32 months, and being in age between 19-24 at last pregnancy (AOR=5.4, 95% CI (1.54, 8.9)), not using family planning (AOR=1.66, 95% CI (1.09, 2.77)), breastfeeding of index child for less than 24 months (AOR=9.6, 95% CI (8.93, 19.39)), and earlier history of short birth interval (AOR=2.5, 95% CI (1.48, 4.11)) were independent predictors of short birth interval. Conclusion and recommendation: median birth interval duration is 32 months, which means one in every two inter-birth intervals among married women is less than the least recommended duration of birth intervals. The focus should be given not only to family planning service coverage, but also to awareness creation about optimal birth interval duration for reproductive age women.
Epidemiology and Interventions of Sickle Cell Anaemia among Children in East Madhya Pradesh

Aims and Objectives is 1.To know the epidemiology and intervention of sickle cell anaemia. 2. Correlation of clinical findings, haematological parameters, peripheral blood picture, sickling test and HB electrophoresis. Material and Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of 175 cases of anaemia with SCD children to know the epidemiology of sickle cell anaemia. Data collected from case files, patient history, clinical profile, Peripheral blood findings, haematological parameters, sickling tests and HB electrophoresis reports. Results: Prevalence of SCD in this area is 8.57 %. Incidence in tribal is 67 %. Patient ages ranged from 2 to 14 years (median 6 years) at the time of recruitment. The age at first diagnosis of SCD was 2 years in our study. 8 patients (53.33 %) were male and 7 patients (46.66 %) were female. Maximum no. of cases present with symptoms of pallor (100%) followed by fever (33.33 %), abdominal pain (26.66%), chest and joint pain (20 %) & cough & difficulty in breathing (20 %) and skin infection (6.66 %) were found. 9 out of 15 patients (60 %) had clinically detectable splenomegaly and 4 (26.66 %) had hepatomegaly. Severe anaemia 6.66 %, moderate anaemia 40 % and mild anaemia 53.33 % with male predominance. Laboratory parameters showed a haemolytic profile. Conclusion: Proper and adequate counselling should be given to couple before marriage and haemoglobin genetic counselling and education should be included.
Family Involvement in the Treatment of Hypertensive Patients using Dunn’s Health Grid: A Multiple Case Study

Non-communicable diseases such as hypertension have overtaken infectious diseases as the leading causes of death in the world. However, it is considered to be a preventable disease. Family has a role in preventing and controlling this disease. The study aimed to analyze the involvement of family in the treatment of hypertensive patients in the community in Terban using qualitative research method with a multiple case study design. Using purposive sampling, four families were recruited to participate in this research, each of which represented four quadrants of Dunn’s Health Grid. These characteristics include: (1) Case 1 is a family that has a patient with high-level of wellness in a favourable environment, (2) Case 2, has a patient with emergent high-level of wellness in an unfavourable environment, (3) Case 3, has a patient with protected poor health in a favourable environment, and (4) Case 4, has a patient with poor health in an unfavourable environment. To gather the data, this research used audio-recorded interviews, participant observation, field notes and documentation. The participants who were interviewed were 4 hypertensive patients,4 family members (1 each family), a public health nurse and a physician. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and case descriptions which developed 3 main points; a) family as primary support, b) self-care maintenance, and c) barrier to treatment. This study concluded that family involvement in hypertensive treatment varied from case to case. The family members’ involvement includes psychological and instrumental supports which affect the patients’ independence in self-care treatment of hypertension. However, there are still some barriers to treatment, especially among families living in unfavourable environment. Therefore, the role of community health nursing becomes important to examine not only the health but also environmental conditions of hypertensive patients and to find out the weak points that need attention so that the role of family in managing hypertension patient can be maximized . Keyword: Family Involvement, Treatment of Hypertension
Use of Myoelectric Limb Orthoses for Elbow Flexion in Patients with Brachial Plexus Injury: A Case Series

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. ABSTRACT Introduction Myoelectric limb orthoses (MLOs) are powered devices that assist with specific motions in patients with neuromuscular deficits or inadequate motor power. MLOs enable patients to self-initiate and control movements using their own muscle signals. While these devices have been used for patients that have sustained neurologic deficits from cerebrovascular accidents, their use in traumatic adult brachial plexus injuries is novel. Materials and Methods This case series presents three patients with traumatic brachial plexus injuries treated with MLOs to improve elbow flexion after inadequate recovery. The MLO was used as both a rehabilitation device and a functional device. Results/Conclusions MLOs demonstrate potential for improving patient clinical outcomes and satisfaction after brachial plexus injuries with incomplete recovery or inadequate function after surgical intervention.
The Influence of the menstrual cycle on academic performance of adult females at University of Zambia

The major purpose of the study was to find out the influence of the menstrual cycle on academic performance. The qualitative research design was used. The participants were purposefully sampled. Thus, from all the students who were in the Bachelor of Education Primary (B.Ed. Primary) Programme, only those taking ISE 282: Current Issues in Social Studies were included as participants because the course had the highest number (21) of female students who were all included as participants. A questionnaire, focus group discussion guide and assessment items specifically; a test and an assignment were given at different times within the semester while the examination was given at the end of the semester. Descriptive statistics were used and data was analysed thematically. The major findings were that the majority of the participants who performed well in the assessment items were in the phase After Menstruation of the menstrual cycle and this is the phase when the participants were emotionally stable, while the majority of those who performed poorly were in the phase Before Menstruation of the menstrual cycle a phase when they were emotionally unstable. The major conclusion is that the second stage of the menstrual cycle After Menstruation seemed to positively influence academic performance while the last stage of the menstrual cycle Before Menstruation seemed to negatively influence academic performance in terms of marks/grades obtained. It is therefore recommended that adult female students should be taking advantage of the After Menstruation menstrual phase by maximising their academic involvement as the phase seemed to enhance academic performance. Key terms: Menstrual cycle; Academic performance; Emotional state; Adult females; Zambia 1.0 INTRODUCTION Background The menstrual cycle is said to have a profound impact on a woman's life in that, for many adult females the physiological complications of the menstrual cycle often lead to development of secondary psychological and emotional complications. It has been urged that the physical and psychological health issues linked to the menstrual cycle can impair judgment and cognitive processing Cadena (2007). Kennisrotonde (2017) states that the psychological and physical changes before and during the menstruation influence the daily life in adult females.
Validation of Serbian shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI)

Introduction/Aim: The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is recommended and frequently used instrument for measuring current shoulder pain and disability in an outpatient setting. However, the validity and reliability of the Serbian SPADI are unknown. Aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Serbian version of SPADI. Methods: The research was conducted as a panel study at the Institute for Orthopedic Surgery "Banjica" (IOSB) on 33 patients with shoulder pain syndrome who were referred to a physician at IOSB during 2016 and 2017. Cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the international guidelines. Internal validity was assessed by determining the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for testretest reliability. Factor analysis was used to examine the structure of the questionnaire. Results: The SPADI questionnaire in our sample had an adequate level of internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.946). The test-retest reliability of the SPADI questionnaire was very high (ICC = 0.997). Using exploratory factor analysis, one factor solution explained 50,1% of the variance. Conclusion: The Serbian version of SPADI questionnaire has a high level of internal consistency and the test-retest reliability but our results suggest that pain and disability, although distinguishable conceptually, may not be distinguished by patients. Since there was no support for separation into two dimensions we recommend the use of total SPADI score only as a measure of the impact impaired shoulder.