Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spider Fauna (Araneae) of the Low Arctic Belcher Islands, Hudson Bay

Thirty-three species of spiders were found on the low arctic Belcher Islands (on Flaherty Island), N.W. T. , Canada in southeastern Hudson Bay (about 56 degrees N, 79 degrees W). Eight families were represented; 23 species belonged to Linyphiidae (s. lat.) and 4 to Lycosidae. The most abundant and frequently caught species, in the pitfall trap material, were the lycosids Pardosa labradorensis (Thorell), Alopecosa hirtipes (Kulczynski) and Arctosa insignita (Thorell). Other frequently trapped, eurytopic species included the linyphid Conigerella borealis (Jackson) and the gnaphosid Gnaphosa orites Chamberlin. A great number of species were found under stones. Diplocephalus sphagnicolus Eskov, known earlier from Siberia, is reported for the first time from the Nearctic region, and Typhochrestus pygmaeus (Soerensen), known from Greenland, is reported for the first time from North America. More than half of the found spider species are Holarctic. Key words: spiders, Araneae, zoogeography, habitats, taxonomy, Belcher Islands, Hudson Bay, Canada, low arctic, tundra
Spatial and temporal dynamics of bacterial contamination in South France coastal rivers: focus on in‐stream processes during low flows and floods

Faecal indicator bacteria (thermotolerant coliform and faecal streptococci) were enumerated in a Mediterranean coastal river to evaluate bacterial contamination levels in relation to hydrological conditions, to estimate delivery of bacterial loads to transitional and coastal waters (Thau lagoon) and to identify bacterial sources of pollution and their contribution to the bacterial flow. Results showed that (1) in low flow conditions, mean bacterial concentrations were higher than EU guidelines for bathing waters; (2) floods had higher concentrations of indicator bacteria than low flows; (3) low flow conditions represented a negligible proportion of bacterial loads compared with high flow and flood periods; (4) during medium and low flow conditions, bacteria were stored in riverbed fine sediments forming in‐stream stores that may be flushed during floods; (5) the first flush effect was highlighted during an early autumn flood as was the role of in‐stream stores during the course of the flood; and (6) point sources that continuously feed the river are contributing to the pool of bacteria accumulated in the riverbed sediment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CT-Derived Deep Learning-Based Quantification of Body Composition Associated with Disease Severity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Purpose Our study aimed to evaluate the association between automated quantified body composition on CT and pulmonary function or quantitative lung features in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Materials and Methods A total of 290 patients with COPD were enrolled in this study. The volume of muscle and subcutaneous fat, area of muscle and subcutaneous fat at T12, and bone attenuation at T12 were obtained from chest CT using a deep learning-based body segmentation algorithm. Parametric response mapping-derived emphysema (PRMemph), PRM-derived functional small airway disease (PRMfSAD), and airway wall thickness (AWT)-Pi10 were quantitatively assessed. The association between body composition and outcomes was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results The volume and area of muscle and subcutaneous fat were negatively associated with PRMemph and PRMfSAD (p < 0.05). Bone density at T12 was negatively associated with PRMemph (r = -0.1828, p = 0.002). The volume and area of subcutaneous fat and bone density at T12 were positively correlated with AWT-Pi10 (r = 0.1287, p = 0.030; r = 0.1668, p = 0.005; r = 0.1279, p = 0.031). However, muscle volume was negatively correlated with the AWT-Pi10 (r = -0.1966, p = 0.001). Muscle volume was significantly associated with pulmonary function (p < 0.001). Conclusion Body composition, automatically assessed using chest CT, is associated with the phenotype and severity of COPD.
The Use Of Stem Cells In The Treatment Of Multiple Sclerosis

Autoimmune disorders are becoming increasingly common in the United States, with tens of millions of people affected. Autoimmune disorders cause a wide range of symptoms; from joint degeneration and pain to demyelination of the brain and spinal cord, these diseases have the potential to cause severe anguish and physical pain to the people affected by them. While patients with autoimmune disorder are most immediately affected, loved ones of patients also suffer emotionally, and oftentimes, financially due to the disease. One particularly debilitating autoimmune disorder, multiple sclerosis, is characterized by demyelination of the brain and spinal cord. Multiple sclerosis has detrimental effects on the central nervous system, with many patients losing the ability to ambulate or move. Multiple sclerosis has no cure, but many different drugs have been created that help patients and their families manage the
Settlements of Bangna-Bangpakong highway on soft Bangkok clay

Time‐settlement data of more than 30 different sections of the 55‐km long Bangna‐Bangpakong Highway in Thailand are analyzed. The deformation parameters, namely: undrained modulus, Eu; drained modulus, E′; and coefficient of consolidation, Cv, are backfigured from the field performance of the highway embankment, and the following correlations are found: Eu/Suv=150; E′/Suv=15; and Cv(field)/Cv(lab)=26; where Suv is the uncorrected vane shear strength. It was also found that Cv values are overestimated by the method of Asaoka when the during‐construction time‐settlement curve is used, and are best estimated when backfigured from postconstruction performance. It is also found that for construction settlements, the method proposed by Cox, which is a combination of the method of D'Appolonia et al. for immediate settlements and that of Leroueil et al. for consolidation settlements, underpredicts settlements at some sections but yields conservative estimates when considering secondary settlements since the begin.
Chapter 17 Uplift and erosion of the greater Barents Sea: impact on prospectivity and petroleum systems

Abstract A regional net erosion map for the greater Barents Sea shows that the different areas in the Barents Sea region have been subject to different magnitudes of uplift and erosion. Net erosion values vary from 0 to more than 3000 m. The processes have important consequences for the petroleum systems. Reservoir quality, maturity of the source rocks and the migration of hydrocarbons are affected by the processes. Owing to changes in the PVT conditions in a hydrocarbon-filled structure, uplift and erosion increase the risk of leakage and expansion of the gas cap in a structure. Understanding of the timing of uplift and re-migration of hydrocarbons has been increasingly important in the exploration of the Barents Sea.
Influence of bearing pressure on liquefaction-induced settlement of shallow foundations

Earthquake-induced soil liquefaction continues to pose problems for structures on shallow foundations. One particular problem is the excessive settlement that such structures undergo as a consequence of earthquake shaking. For design and insurance purposes it is therefore necessary to be able to estimate the magnitude of these settlements. Current procedures relate the potential settlement to foundation size and liquefiable depth. However, the influence of foundation bearing pressure is also a significant factor. In particular, experimental results have indicated that large bearing pressures may inhibit liquefaction underneath a shallow foundation, resulting in lower induced settlement. By collecting new data from 23 buildings that suffered settlement and tilting as a consequence of soil liquefaction during the 27 February 2010 Maule earthquake in Chile, the existing method of estimating liquefaction-induced settlement is reassessed and shown to require bearing pressure information. Based on both the new .
On hydrologic similarity: 2. A scaled model of storm runoff production

The paper describes a simple physically based conceptual model of runoff production based on catchment topography and the spatial variablity of rainfall and soil properties. Both infiltration excess (Horton type) and saturation excess (Dunne type) runoff production mechanisms are considered. The effect of topography is modeled using the In (α/tan β)-topographic index method of Beven and Kirkby (1979). The effects of the spatial variability of soil properties and rainfall on areal average infiltration rates are handled using a quasi-analytical approach. The interaction between the two mechanisms of runoff production and the effect of a finite water table on the infiltration excess mechanism are explicitly considered. The model equations are cast in a dimensionless form to clarify the interrelationships involved in hydrological responses and to identify measures of similarity between different heterogeneous catchments. The dimensionless formulation has led to the identification of five similarity parameters and three dimensionless variables representing initial conditions and storm characteristics. Finally, a number of experiments were performed to study the sensitivity of the runoff production response to some of these similarity parameters.
Serviceability limit state design for uplift of helical anchors in clay

Presently, no displacement-based design methodology exists for helical anchors subjected to tensile or uplift loading. This study investigates the statistical and probabilistic aspects of the load-displacement uncertainty associated with a database of thirty-seven uplift loading tests of helical anchors founded within cohesive soils. Initially, an ultimate resistance model is identified, and the semi-empirical uplift breakout factor statistically characterized. A relationship between ultimate resistance and slope tangent capacity is established, and used to form the basis for normalizing the load-displacement response. Hyperbolic and power law models are statistically evaluated for use in serving as a reference load-displacement model; the hyperbolic curve was selected based on goodness-of-fit statistics. Monte Carlo reliability simulations are used to establish an equivalent-deterministic load factor that associates the selected load factor with a probability of exceeding a pre-determined allowable uplift displacement, given uncertainty in the undrained shear strength, ultimate resistance model, transformation uncertainty, uncertainty in the allowable displacement, and variability in uplift loading. A practical example is provided to show the intended use of this probabilistic helical anchor displacement model.
Steady‐state properties and statistical distribution of atmospheric dust devils

A steady Rankine‐like vortex model of a dust devil is reported, which takes into account the sunlight absorption by airborne dust particles and the diabatic heating of a rotating dust column. For the maximum swirl velocity being a few times larger than the mean updraft velocity, the model admits significant simplifications allowing for its complete analytical treatment. The competitive effects of (i) the surface heat fluxes and (ii) the suspended‐dust‐caused diabatic heating on the vortex constitution (strength, height and shape) are examined. The second factor is found to be more influential for the strongest vortices. A reference exponential distribution of dust devils over their radius (visible diameter), which was introduced based on general arguments of mathematical information theory, is shown to fit satisfactory well the observational data on dust devils in Arizona and southern California and, in a preliminary way, on Mars.
Coupes équilibrees crustales : méthodologie et application aux Alpes occidentales

ResumeLa construction de coupes equilibrees a l’echelle de la croute ainsi que leur remise a l’etat avant deformation suivent les regles generales de construction des coupes equilibrees (conservation des longueurs et des surfaces entre l’etat avant deformation et l’etat actuel), mais presentent des caracteres qui leur sont propres (necessite de connaitre les mouvements verticaux importants qui accompagnent les deformations a cette echelle ainsi que le mode de deformation de la croute). Un exemple de construction de telles coupes est propose pour les Alpes occidentales. Ces coupes, equilibrees pour le chevauchement crustal des massifs cristallins externes (Burdigalien-Actuel), traduisent un raccourcissement crustal variant de 10 km environ au niveau du Vercors a 55 km environ au niveau des Prealpes. Elles permettent d’integrer dans un modele unique un certain nombre de phenomenes comme le raccourcissement crustal, le raccourcissement dans la couverture, la subsidence du bassin molassique, la surrection des .
Comprehensive Clinical Characterization of Decade-Long Survivors of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Simple Summary Characterizing features of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients with exceptionally favorable prognoses may inform strategies to improve the survival of more typical patients. In this retrospective study, we analyzed clinicopathologic characteristics and treatments of 110 consecutive MBC patients who survived for >10 years. Approximately 70% of patients initially had a single-organ metastasis. The median duration of systemic therapy was 11, 8.4, 7.3, and 0.8 years in the hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−), HR+/HER2+, HR−/HER2+, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, respectively. Seven HER2+ and ten TNBC patients received <2 years of systemic therapy and remained alive and free of systemic therapy for >10 years. The TNBC subtype and local treatment with curative intent within 1 year of MBC diagnosis were associated with long-term treatment-free survival. Our study suggests that a small subset of patients with HER2+ MBC and metastatic TNBC may be curable with multimodality therapy. Abstract Background: Elucidating the clinical features of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients with an exceptionally favorable prognosis may offer insights to improve the survival of more typical patients. Methods: We collected comprehensive real-world data on clinicopathologic characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of 110 consecutive MBC patients who survived for over ten years from the clinical data warehouse of Samsung Medical Center. Results: The cohort included 54 hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER2-negative (HR+/HER2−), 21 HR+/HER2+, 16 HR−/HER2+, and 14 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. The median age at MBC diagnosis was 48.5 years. Approximately 70% of patients initially had a single-organ metastasis. The most common site of metastasis was the lung (46.4%), followed by distant lymph nodes (37.3%). During a median follow-up of 14.6 years, the median duration of systemic therapy was 11, 8.4, 7.3, and 0.8 years in the HR+/HER2−, HR+/HER2+, HR−/HER2+, and TNBC subgroups, respectively. Seven HER2+ and ten TNBC patients received systemic treatment for less than two years and remained treatment-free for most of the follow-up period, suggesting a potential chance of cure. The TNBC subtype (p < 0.001) and local treatment with curative intent within 1 year of MBC diagnosis (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with long-term treatment-free survival. The survival of HER2+ MBC and TNBC patients, but not that of HR+/HER2− patients, plateaued approximately 13 years after MBC diagnosis. Conclusions: A small subset of patients with HER2+ MBC and metastatic TNBC may be curable with multimodality therapy. Prospective studies integrating clinical and genomic data may identify unique clinicogenomic features of MBC patients who can achieve durable disease control without prolonged chemotherapy.
A model for Trondhjemite‐Tonalite‐Dacite Genesis and crustal growth via slab melting: Archean to modern comparisons

The petrogenesis of trondhjemite-tonalite-dacite (TTD) involves all major petrologic models in various tectonic settings. A specific subtype of TTD, high-Al type, is the one most commonly associated with Archean gneiss terranes. During the Archean, continental crust formation was operating at an elevated rate relative to the Phanerozoic, and the generation of high-Al TTD played an integral role in its nucleation and growth. High heat flow, rapid convection, and subduction of hotter, smaller plates were unique tectonic elements to the Archean which optimized conditions required for transformation of subducted oceanic crust into sial via partial melting. Anatexis of Archean mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) under eclogitic to garnet amphibolitic conditions produced weakly peraluminous to metaluminous high-Al TTD with low heavy rare earth elements (HREE), Y, Nb, K/Rb, and Rb/Sr and high La/Yb and Sr/Y. This study demonstrates that Archean TTD crustal generation processes are also present in selected high-Al Phanerozoic TTD terranes. The Cenozpic high-Al TTD suites are commonly found in tectonic settings which are thought to recreate the elevated Archean thermal gradients, i.e., at sites of young, hot oceanic plate subduction. These relationships imply a petrologic continuity of TTD generation through time. A fertile zone of melting is envisioned at 23–26 kbar (75–85 km) and 700–775°C, where wet partial melting of the subducting slab occurs concurrently with dehydration reactions. At this depth, the converting mantle wedge continuously feeds hot mantle material to the wedge-slab interface, creating strong temperature gradients, intraslab fluid migration, and slab melting. In summary, in modern arc terranes where young ( 30 Ma) oceanic crust is subducted, mantle-derived magmas are dominant, giving rise to basaltandesite-dacite-rhyolite (BADR) fractionation suites. This study introduces the importance of subducted oceanic crustal age on arc petrogenesis.
Effective team management in energy transition projects: a perspective on critical success factors. Case of the mining-energy sector in Colombia

In order to protect the environment and guarantee energy security, projects aimed at the energy transition (ET) are increasingly important worldwide. In this framework, three fundamental aspects for team management have been addressed, namely: critical success factors (CSF), barriers and challenges. However, the literature recognizes the need to broaden the empirical base, and as far as is known, in Colombia there is no evidence in this regard. Therefore, this work establishes in an exploratory way, from the perspective of experts in the Colombian mining-energy sector, how to manage these three aspects in ET projects. Among the results, the following stand out: first, the leadership and support of senior management as CSF; secondly, the need for sectoral policies to mitigate the staff turnover barrier; and third, the challenge of establishing strategic alliances with the education sector and leading organizations in conventional energy.
CHROMIAN SPINEL COMPOSITION AND PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENT MINERALOGY OF CHROMITITES FROM THE MILIA AREA, PINDOS OPHIOLITE COMPLEX, GREECE

The chromitites of the Milia area in the Pindos ophiolite complex, in Greece, were investigated for their platinum-group mineral (PGM) content. The chromitites are massive, more rarely disseminated in texture and occur as small pods. They are composed of magnesiochromite crystals with Cr# [Cr/(Cr + Al)] between 0.80 and 0.84, and Mg# [Mg/(Mg + Fe 2+ )] between 0.54 and 0.72. The total platinum-group-element (PGE) contents in chromitites are relatively low (≤170 ppb), although they may locally be higher (up to 1059 ppb). The IPGE (Os, Ir and Ru) predominate over the PPGE (Rh, Pt and Pd). The PGM assemblage, consistent with the geochemical data, is dominated by laurite and Os–Ir–Ru alloys that occur both as single and composite grains, generally less than 15 μm in size. Laurite has a wide range of Os-for-Ru substitution [Ru/(Ru + Os): 0.42–0.99], whereas primary alloys are enriched in Ru (up to 73.80 wt.%). Some laurite crystals exhibit an anomalous pattern of zoning. Such zoning requires an inversion of the normal T– f (S 2 ) trend in magmatic systems, and is herein considered to be due to postmagmatic processes. Some Ru-rich alloy grains contain relatively high Rh and Pt abundances, similar to those of residual sulfides in mantle peridotites. This feature suggests that these alloys may represent residual PGM phases from earlier episodes of melt extraction from the severely depleted mantle unit of the Pindos ophiolite complex. Combined compositional data indicate that the Milia chromitites formed from a hydrous boninitic melt in a suprasubduction-zone environment.
A Fresh Look at the Age and Cultural Affiliation of the Sheaman Site

Abstract The Sheaman site in Wyoming was discovered in 1973 and excavated a few years later. It has since entered the archaeological literature as one of the few Clovis campsites in the American West. More importantly, the wealth of information from the site related to biface manufacture has served to establish the importance of overshot flaking in Clovis technology. Since only a single projectile point of ambiguous cultural affiliation was found, the chronology of the site's occupation relied explicitly on radiocarbon ages and on an ivory rod similar to known Clovis examples. This paper reviews newly available radiocarbon data and other lines of information, and questions the previously established Clovis attribution. Rather, it is argued that available evidence points to an Agate Basin connection. Ultimately, the proposed cultural affiliation brings into question the use of overshot flaking as a cultural marker of Clovis.
Fluorescence analysis of dissolved organic matter in natural, waste and polluted waters—a review

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic systems originates from a range of sources. Some is allochthonous, transported from the surrounding landscape to the water body, and is derived from and influenced by the geology, land use and hydrology of its origin. Some is created in situ through microbial activity, which may provide an independent source of organic matter, or a recycling mechanism for that which has been transported into the water body. The relative contribution of each source depends upon the location and environmental conditions within and without the water body. Human activity is also a source of DOM, much of which is believed to be labile, which can enter the aquatic system through direct point discharges, diffuse leaching and aerial dispersal. Fluorescence spectroscopy can provide an excellent tool to source DOM fractions, and to monitor and understand DOM transformations in aquatic systems, as much DOM has an intrinsic fluorescence. In particular, recent advances in optical technology, enabling rapid investigation of shorter wavelengths, have enabled more detailed characterization of organic material and its reactions in water. In this article, we review the use of fluorescence spectroscopic techniques to measure the intrinsic fluorescence of organic matter and the application of fluorescent DOM analysis in marine waters, freshwaters and wastewaters. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.