Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Root-mediated hormonal signaling to alleviate crop abiotic stress

Global food security for an expanding world population is increasingly threatened by environmental stresses that limit crop yield, thus maintaining crop productivity even under unfavourable environments is a major research topic in plant sciences. One major area of crop improvement that has been comparatively neglected is the role of the plant root system in maximising water and nutrients capture and sensing and adjusting to environmental stresses in the soil to control plant growth and shoot physiology and ultimately agricultural productivity. This integrated plasticity probably involves longdistance communication between different organs with hormones, particularly differential changes in root and shoot hormone concentrations, playing an essential role. Hormonal signals, such as cytokinins, abscisic acid, the ethylene precursor 1aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and the auxin indole-3-acetic acid may coordinate assimilate production and usage in competing sinks (biomass partitioning). For example, hormonal regulation of source-sink relations during the osmotic phase of salinity affects whole plant energy availability to prolong the maintenance of growth, root function and ion homeostasis, and could be critical to delay the accumulation of toxic ions. Recent work also suggests that the major classes of phytohormones are involved not only in regulating aquaporin and nutrient transporter expression and activity, but also in sculpting root system architecture, thus renewing biotechnological focus on root system improvement. Root specific expression of plant and bacterial hormone-related genes, using either root specific or root-inducible promoters, or grafting onto constitutive hormone producing rootstocks, is used to define the role of root hormone production in mediating crop stress tolerance. Root system engineering provides new opportunities to maintain sustainable crop production under changing environmental conditions while minimising the demand for new resources.
Coordinated regulation of cellular identity–associated H3K4me3 breadth by the COMPASS family

The COMPASS family members Set1A, Set1B, and Mll2 differentially regulate H3K4me3 peak breadth in embryonic stem cells. Set1A and Set1B, two members of the COMPASS family of methyltransferases that methylate the histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) residue, have been accredited as primary depositors of global H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in mammalian cells. Our previous studies in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) demonstrated that deleting the enzymatic SET domain of Set1A does not perturb bulk H3K4me3, indicating possible compensatory roles played by other COMPASS methyltransferases. Here, we generated a series of ESC lines harboring compounding mutations of COMPASS methyltransferases. We find that Set1B is functionally redundant to Set1A in implementing H3K4me3 at highly expressed genes, while Mll2 deposits H3K4me3 at less transcriptionally active promoters. While Set1A-B/COMPASS is responsible for broad H3K4me3 peaks, Mll2/COMPASS establishes H3K4me3 with narrow breadth. Additionally, Mll2 helps preserve global H3K4me3 levels and peak breadth in the absence of Set1A-B activity. Our results illustrate the biological flexibility of such enzymes in regulating transcription in a context-dependent manner to maintain stem cell identity.
Changes in Endogenous Abscisic Acid, trans-Zeatin Riboside, Indole-3-Acetic Acid Levels and the Photosynthetic Rate during the Growth Cycle of Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. in Different Production Seasons

Summary rhizomes, 1.0 µ gg DW -1 in old storage roots, 2.3 µ gg DW -1 in inflorescence, 0.9 µ gg DW -1 in new rhizomes, and 0.9 µ gg DW -1 in new storage roots. The levels of ABA in RS cropping were relatively constant throughout growth stages and mostly less than 0.1 µ gg DW -1 . The levels of t-ZR were also slightly higher in leaves, old rhizomes, old storage roots, inflo- rescence and new rhizomes in OS than RS cropping. The increase of t-ZR in new rhizomes may cause the larger number of new rhizomes in OS cropping (4.8 per plant). The concentration of IAA in leaf exudates was similar between the two growth seasons except in the final stage. Therefore, it could be concluded that OS conditions induced a decrease in the photosynthet- ic rate, and increases in ABA and t-ZR concentrations in various organs at different growth stages, leading to depressed shoot growth and an increase in rhizome numbers.
INVITRO ASSESSMENT OF ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF TRICHODERMA SP. AGAINST SAROCLADIUM ORYZAE CAUSING SHEATH ROT DISEASE IN PADDY

Invitro screening using the dual culture technique was undertaken to assess the potential of seven Trichoderma species. Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma lignorum, T.album, T.hamatum, T.harizanum, T.glaucum and T.koeningi as biological control agents against Sheath rot fungus Sarocladium oryzae. The test organisms were isolated from the paddy field where the disease occurred. Results revealed that all the test antagonists effectively checked the growth of the pathogen. The test antagonists grow faster than the pathogen and produced inhibition zones thereby limiting the growth of the pathogen. In solid medium, Trichoderma harizanum was the most antagonistic organism under the conditions of this study. The culture filtrates of the test fungi also inhibited the growth of Sarocladium oryzae with Trichoderma harizanum showing the highest percentage inhibition (79%) and T.viride and T.lignorum (78%). T.harizanum culture filtrate showed the highest percentage growth inhibition at 15% concentration in Sarocladium oryzae while T.viride and T.lignorum filtrates showed inhibition,at 25%
Wildlife and Society: The Science of Human Dimensions

Wildlife and Society: The Science of Human Dimensions is a timely and important book focusing on the well-established field of human dimensions and natural resource management. A lucid and pragmatic book, with contributions from the leaders in the field, it makes clear and valid reasons for understanding the importance of people and their relationships to fish and wildlife. In particular, it is asserted that ? we need information on the who, what, where, when and why for all those interested in or affected by natural resource decisions anytime we are allocating and managing natural resources? (Brown, p.6).
Utility of Reduced Rates of Diclosulam, Flumioxazin, and Imazapic for Weed Management in Peanut

Field studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to determine the effects of herbicides applied below suggested use rates on weed management, yield, and estimated net return of peanut in both narrow and wide row-spacing regimes. In the single row-spacing regime study, diclosulam at 6 g/ha (1/4×) (1/4 labeled use rate) plus flumioxazin at 26 g/ha (1/4×) applied PRE followed by (fb) imazapic POST at 17, (1/4×), 35, (1/2×), or 70, (1×) g/ha was the lowest herbicide input that provided at least 80% control of sicklepod, yellow nutsedge, Florida beggarweed, and hairy indigo at 21 d after treatment (DAT). By 42 DAT, weed control was ≥ 80%, similar to herbicide treatments applied at labeled rates. In the twin row-spacing regime study at Jay, FL, and Citra, FL, in 2003, yellow nutsedge control was lowest (83 to 85%) from diclosulam applied at 1/4× in combination with flumioxazin at 1/4× PRE and flumioxazin at 1/4× or 52 g/ha (1/2×) PRE alone. All other herbicide treatments provided > 90% control. Diclosulam at 13 g/ha (1/2×) fb imazapic at 1/2× and flumioxazin at 1/4× fb imazapic at 1/2× was the lowest rate combination that provided > 80% control of sicklepod. Florida beggarweed control was > 90% with all rate combinations except diclosulam PRE alone, diclosulam at 1/4× PRE fb imazapic at 1/4× POST, and imazapic at 1/4× alone POST. Net return in the single-row spacing regime was highest for flumioxazin at 105 g/ha (1×) PRE alone, diclosulam at 1/4× applied with flumioxazin at 1/4× PRE alone or fb imazapic at 1× ($1,114, $1,094, and $990/ha, respectively). The twin row-spacing regime net return was highest with diclosulam PRE alone at 1/4, 1/2, or 26 g/ha (1×) ($2,063, $1,846, $1,734/ha, respectively). Diclosulam applied with flumioxazin at 1/2× fb imazapic at 1/2× was the lowest herbicide tank-mix input providing high net return at $1,162/ha. Nomenclature: Diclosulam, flumioxazin, imazapic, Florida beggarweed, Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. , hairy indigo, Indigofera hirsuta Harvey, sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. , peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. ‘C-99R’
Illness

ference to the ultimate outcome is still unanswered. Minimally invasive techniques and improved imaging coupled with novel strategies to prevent preterm labour will probably make a wider range of therapeutic interventions possible. Rapid advances in genomics and proteomics and stem cell research will also make the in utero treatment of some genetic conditions possible. The challenge for the future is to apply the explosion of knowledge in basic science and the advances in technology rationally with a clear understanding of achievable goals.
BEHAVIORAL STUDIES ON MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)

Abstract First-stage forest tent caterpillar larvae were tested for the presence of active and sluggish behavior types such as Wellington found in Malacosoma californicum pluviale (Dyar). Larvae capable of directed movement towards a 30 w light source were classified as active. Larvae were tested on 3 consecutive days, and only a small percentage responded on all 3 days. A much larger percentage remained sluggish throughout the period. Chi-square tests confirmed that the differences in response were not random. There was a tendency for some larvae to respond to light during the test and for others not to respond. The reduced consistency in the response of "active" larvae in M. disstria Hübner compared with that reported for M.c. pluviale may be partly due to real behavioral differences, but it also may be partly due to some procedural differences between our tests and Wellington’s.
Seed Morphology, Anatomy and Ultrastructure ofPhyllocladusL. C. & A. Rich. ex Mirb. (Phyllocladaceae (Pilg.) Bessey) in Connection with the Generic System and Phylogeny

Abstract To analyse the status and phylogeny of the genus Phyllocladus, seeds of all seven species of the genus were studied. The complex of features of the Phyllocladus reproductive system point to the isolated position of the genus within the conifers. Relations with Podocarpaceae s. l. , Taxaceae s. l. and Cephalotaxaceae appeared to be remote because a complex of features clearly distinguishes Phyllocladus from the afore-mentioned taxa. We find it advisable to circumscribe the family Phyllocladaceae as Bessey (1907) did, and place it into the order Taxales Knobl. in Warming (1890). From investigations of the seeds it appears the genus Phyllocladus consists of seven species, forming five groups. There is a significant tendency for transformation of the female reproductive structures within the generic boundaries of Phyllocladus —seeds, originally solitary, tending to aggregate in various kinds of compact clusters.
Serotipos de Pasteurella multocida y Pasteurella haemolytca aislados a partir de pulmones con lesiones inflamatorias en ovinos y caprinos

The purpose of this study was to isolate and determine the capsular and somatit serotypes of Pasteur~lla multocida and the serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica from ovine and caprinelungswith inflammatorylesions. A total of 232 lungs with inflammatory lesions were collected and these yielded 11 7 isolates of Pasteurellasp. Forty two strains were identified as P. haemolytica and 75 as P. multocida. All P. haemolytica isolates were biotype A. The serotypes, which were determined by indirect hemagglutination, were as follows: In sheep there were 28 strainswith 39% serotype A8,32% withA2,11% with Al, 7% with A6,4% with A5 and 7% untyped. There were 2 strains in goats, A5 and A8. There were 60% biotype Aand 27% biotype D in the P. multocida isolates, according with the acriflavine and hyaluronidase techniques. Somatic serotypes were determined by gel immunodifhsion and represented 72% in sheep for serotype 3; 9%, for serotype 15; 4%, for serotype 7; 296, for serotypes 4,10,12 and 14; and 7%, untyped. There were 3 isolates in the goats, and one belonged to serotype 3, another to serotype 15 and the other one wasuntyped. These resultswere comparedand discussed with other studies described elsewhere.
Foraging behaviour and ecology of the Cape pangolin (Manis temminckii) in north‐western Zimbabwe

Summary An ethogram was developed for the foraging Cape pangolin in order to construct activity budgets. Behaviour was classified into seven categories and nine types of feeding sites were recorded. Activity budgets of animals foraging in diVerent vegetation types are presented to illustrate the importance of vegetation on behaviour patterns and feeding site utilization. Availability of feeding sites may depend on the vegetation type with trees, shrubs and woody debris comprising most feeding sites. Seven prey species were recorded. One animal displayed strictly diurnal activity which suggests greater variability in activity patterns than previously thought.
Total nitrogen concentration in leaves of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) as an index of nutritional status

Summary Leaf samples were collected, at weekly intervals, throughout the growing season, from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants supplied with varying amounts of nitrogen (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg N/ha) and analysed for total N. Application of nitrogen increased the N concentration in the green leaves at all stages of growth. There was a significant curvilinear relationship between the final tuber yield and the total N concentration in the leaves at 48–90 days after planting in 1968–9 and at 79–107 days after planting in 1969–70. The N concentration at 70–90 days after planting was consistently related to the final tuber yield in both years. Thus this period was ideal for assessing the nitrogen status of potato plants. The critical concentration of total nitrogen generally decreased with advance in age. It ranged from 4·65% at 76 days to 3·30% at 90 days during 1968–9, whereas in 1969–70 it ranged from 4·20% at 79 days to 3·80% at 93 days. During the period from 83 to 86 days the critical percentage was around 3·6% in both the years.
Winter habitat use and responses to snow cover of fisher (Martes pennanti) and marten (Martes americana) in southeastern Manitoba

A trailing study of fisher (Martes pennanti) and marten (Martes americana) in the boreal forest of Manitoba, conducted over two winters, showed that both species preferred coniferous ridges. They also had temporal differences in their habitat use that could be partially explained by their different responses to soft snow cover. Movements of fisher were found to be restricted by the soft, thick snow cover that was present during midwinter. Fewer tracks were observed at that time, and fisher travelled upon snowshoe hare trails and their own trails more than in either the early winter period of thin snow cover or the late winter period of crust conditions. Fisher were also found to walk through the snow cover and leave a body drag in midwinter. Marten did not appear to be hindered by soft snow cover to the degree that fisher were. Marten tracks were encountered with equal frequency throughout the winter and marten never left a body drag in the snow cover. They did travel upon hare trails and their own trails.
Development of a Soy-blueberry Burger and the Changes in Anthocyanins and Phenolics During Storage and Broiling

Fifty commercial 6-week-old SPAFAS SPF (specific pathogen free) chickens were divided into five sets of 10 chicks each. Feed was mixed for each cage with the following amount of blueberry powder: Cage A: 150g, Cage B: 300g, Cage C: 600g; Cages D and E received feed with no blueberry treatment. Each chicken in groups E1, E2, and E3 received daily two doses of blueberry powder mixed in warmed water via crop gavage: E1: 3.5ml, E2: 8.5ml, E3: 17ml. Half of the chicks in cages A, B, C, and D and two chicks in group E4 were challenged with 10 colony forming units (CFUs) of a nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella enteritidis (SE-NA) culture on day 3. The remaining chicks were exposed by contact with cage mates throughout the experiment. On day 4 p. i. , cecal colonization was evaluated. On day 7 cecal, gut, and organ colonization was evaluated for each chick. The experiment was duplicated. Per Systat Tukey’s HSD multiple comparisons (P = 0.05), there were no statistical differences found between any of the chicken groups in the anti-adhesion effectiveness of blueberry proanthocyanidins in reducing the gut and organ
Studies on the hymenolepid cestodes of waterfowl from New Brunswick, Canada

Twenty-one species of hymenolepid cestodes found in 12 species of waterfowl collected in New Brunswick, Canada, are identified and described in the following order: Aploparaksis furcigera (Nitzsch in Rudolphi, 1819); Diorchis bulbodes Mayhew, 1929; D. microcirrosa Mayhew, 1929; Cloacotaenia megalops (Nitzsch, 1829); Dicranotaenia coronula (Dujardin, 1845); Drepanidotaenia lanceolata (Bloch, 1782); Echinocotyle rosseteri Blanchard, 1891; Hymenolepis abortiva (von Linstow, 1904); H. collaris (Batsch, 1786); H. hopkinsi Schiller, 1951; H. paracompressa Czaplinski, 1956; H. parvula Kowalewski, 1904; H. rauschi Schiller, 1950; H. spinocirrosa Podesta and Holmes, 1970; H. tuvensis (Spasskaya and Spasskii, 1961); Retinometra macracanthos (von Linstow, 1877); Sobolevicanthus filumferens (Brock, 1942); S. gracilis (Zeder, 1803); Wardium creplini (Krabbe, 1869); Fimbriaria fasciolaris (Pallas, 1781); Diploposthe laevis (Bloch, 1782). The descriptions are supported by text figures and tables. A summary of the previo.
An extraordinary life span estimate for the clown anemonefish Amphiprion percula

A population of the clown anemonefish Amphiprion percula was studied for 1 year, in Madang Lagoon, Papua New Guinea. From this study, data on mortality events and social structure were used to construct a stage-structured matrix model and estimate the average age at death (life expectancy) of various classes of individuals. Based on this model, it is estimated that the life expectancy of female A. percula, the oldest individuals in the population, is 30 years. This estimate is two times greater than the longevity estimated for any other coral reef damselfish and six times greater than the longevity expected for a fish of that size. The result complements the growing body of evidence, from widespread taxa, that organisms subject to low levels of extrinsic mortality show retarded senescence and increased longevity. It is suggested that fishes would be an excellent group for a broad scale comparative test of the predictions of the evolutionary theory of ageing.
Survival Estimates of White-tailed Deer Fawns at Fort Rucker, Alabama

Abstract Decreases in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawn recruitment have been noted at several locations across the Southeast. Understanding the reason for these decreases is important for management of deer populations. We monitored fawns from birth until 6 mo to examine age and cause specific mortality rates, at Fort Rucker, Alabama. During 2009–2010, 14 fawns were captured immediately after birth and monitored, with three surviving until 6 mo of age. Six of 7 predation events were attributed to coyotes (Canis latrans), and we determined coyote density in the study area during 2010, using DNA isolated from 44 coyote scats, to be 0.40 coyotes/km2. This study, like other recent studies in the Southeast, has found low fawn recruitment seems to be driven by coyote predation.
Physiological and Anatomical Responses to Water Deficits in the Cam Epiphyte Tillandsia ionantha (Bromeliaceae)

Although physiological responses to drought have been examined in several species of epiphytic bromeliads, few have included a comprehensive methodological approach to the study of the carbon and water relations of a single species undergoing drought stress. Thus, physiological and anatomical responses to an imposed drought treatment were examined in the atmospheric Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) epiphyte Tillandsia ionantha. From 0 through 20 d without water, nocturnal malic acid accumulation and CO2 uptake rates did not change despite a 17% reduction in relative water content. In addition, water potentials averaged -0.40 MPa and, unlike leaf water content, did not decline. The avoidance of further declines in leaf water content was attributed to the restriction of stomatal opening to the night (a characteristic feature of CAM), to low stomatal densities and small stomatal pores, and to a thick boundary layer resulting from a dense foliar trichome cover. The maintenance of high physiological activity during the first 20 d of the drought treatment was most likely a result of the high water potentials in the chlorenchyma, which were attributed, in part, to water movement from the water-storage parenchyma (= "hydrenchyma") to the chlorenchyma. Nocturnal malic acid accumulation and the rate of net CO2 exchange declined in a linear fashion from 30 to 60 d without water, as did leaf water potential and osmotic potential. During this time, CO2 recycling increased from ca. 20% to nearly 75%. Though declining throughout this later stage of the drought treatment, metabolic activity remained relatively high, possibly as a result of the observed osmotic adjustment as well as a potentially high cell wall elasticity.
Factors Affecting the Restoration of Heathland and Acid Grassland on Pteridium aquilinum–Infested Land across the United Kingdom: A Multisite Study

The variability in the success of Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) control and vegetation restoration has been highlighted as a major issue in the United Kingdom. Experiments were set up at four different regional locations to assess bracken control at the national scale and the impact of restoration practices at the local scale. Bracken control treatments (cutting once or twice per year, a combination of cutting and asulam spraying, and asulam in year 1) were combined with site‐specific treatments designed to restore appropriate heathland or acid grassland vegetation. This article considers the effects on the developing understorey vegetation, testing the following hypotheses: (1) local differences between sites would affect community change; (2) treatments applied to control Pt. aquilinum (same at all sites) influences community change; and (3) treatments applied at the individual site level to restore vegetation influences community change toward the target vegetation. There were a considerable number of spatial effects. It is, therefore, difficult to develop a one‐size‐fits‐all policy for vegetation restoration within a national Pt. aquilinum control strategy. Few bracken control treatment effects were found, and, where they were detected, it was only at single sites. Thus, the development of target vegetation requires a combination of control and restoration treatments that take into consideration the aspects of that site. Only three species, Deschampsia flexuosa, Galium saxatile, and Campylopus introflexus, increased as a direct effect of the control treatments. Vegetation restoration was most successful in the cutting‐twice‐per‐year plots, the treatment with the greatest reduction in Pt. aquilinum cover.
THE COMPOSITIONAL VARIATION OF GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURES *

The relation of glass transition behavior to composition is of particular interest in connection with the processing conditions and end-use properties of various categories of single-phase mixtures. Moreover, the topic is an integral element in the construction of “phase diagrams” for these solutions. For the isobaric transition in essentially random n-component mixtures, the excess entropy of mixing is continuous at the mixture glass transition temperature, T,, and the predictive relation,