Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ammonium Sensitivity of Biological Nitrogen Fixation by Anaerobic Diazotrophs in Cultures and Benthic Marine Sediments

New bioavailable nitrogen (N) from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is critical for the N budget and productivity of marine ecosystems. Nitrogen‐fixing organisms typically inactivate BNF when less metabolically costly N sources, like ammonium (NH4+), are available. Yet, several studies have observed BNF in benthic marine sediments linked to anaerobic sulfate‐reducing bacteria and fermenting firmicutes despite high porewater NH4+ concentrations (10–1,500 μM). To better understand the regulating controls and importance of benthic marine BNF, we evaluate BNF sensitivity to NH4+ in benthic diazotrophs using incubations of increasing biogeochemical complexity. BNF by cultures of model anaerobic diazotrophs (sulfate‐reducer Desulfovibrio vulgaris var. Hildenborough, fermenter Clostridium pasteurianum strain W5), sulfate‐reducing sediment enrichment cultures, and sediments from three Northeastern salt marshes (USA) is highly sensitive to external NH4+. BNF is inhibited by NH4+ beyond an apparent threshold [NH4+] of 2 μM in liquid cultures, most closely reflecting the true cellular sensitivity of BNF to NH4+. Sediment slurries exhibited an apparent threshold [NH4+] of 9 μM. Consistent with other studies, we find SRB‐like nitrogenase (nifH) gene and transcripts are prevalent in sediments. Our survey of porewater NH4+ data from diverse sediments suggests the broad applicability of inhibition thresholds measured here and confinement of benthic BNF to surficial sediments. Variations in BNF inhibition timing, NH4+ uptake rate, sediment composition, and biophysics could affect measurements of the apparent sensitivity of benthic BNF to NH4+. We propose NH4+ transporter affinity as a fundamental mechanistic constraint on NH4+ control of cellular BNF to improve biogeochemical models of N cycling.
Redundancy-Driven Vertical Domain Explorer

—Entities, generally, represent real-world concepts, such as a person (writer, singer, etc.), a product (book, camera, etc.), a business, etc. In large data-intensive websites, sections related to an entity in a given vertical domain consist of a thousands of data-rich pages, each displaying attribute values for one instance of the given entity. Ideally, to build a rich repository of entity instances that serves the unlimited search needs of Web users, data aggregators aim to collect all the possible instances available for that given entity and apply data extraction for its attributes. A manual approach would be costly in time and effort. In this work, we propose a system that automatically discovers new large websites publishing pages about a conceptual entity, by exploiting the large amount of overlap on the Web among sources in the same vertical domain. Starting with information from one training site, speciﬁc queries are generated and results returned by search engines are analyzed and ﬁltered. The sources retained from these search results undergo then a semantic, syntactic, and structural evaluation to detect data-intensive pages for the domain entity. Semi-structured attributes location is also identiﬁed on the discovered entity pages. Our approach can thus be exploited by vertical search engines in pre-processing to enhance web page crawling, as well as in data extraction.
EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Costus speciosus (J.König)Sm. LEAF FOR HEPATIC AND RENAL TOXICITIES: BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

Costus speciosus is popular among Sri Lankans as an antidiabetic agent. Various parts of Costus speciosus plant are widely used in traditional medicine. Many of its pharmacological properties have scientifically proved. The objective of this study was to investigate the consequences of long-term use of Costus speciosus leaf aqueous extract (CSlwex) with respect to hepatic and renal functions of Wistar rats. Wistar rats (170-250 g) were divided into 9 groups (n=5 each) and labelled A to I. Groups A,B and C were kept as normal healthy rats. Insulin resistance was induced in six groups D to I. Costus speciosus leaf aqueous extract oral treatment was conducted for 12 weeks as given next. Group A and D- 1 mL of Distilled water, Group B and E- 1500 mg/kg CSlwex, Group F- 2000 mg/kg CSlwex, Group G- 2500 mg/kg CSlwex, Group C and H- 3000 mg/kg CSlwex, Group I- 20 mg/kg pioglitazone. After the therapy, serum ALT, AST and Creatinine were analyzed. Histopathology of liver and kidney were assessed for toxicity. No significant increase in in CSlwex treated rats or controls. In conclusion, 1500-3000 mg/kg doses of C. speciosus leaf aqueous extract did not initiate hepatic or renal toxicity after 12 weeks continuous therapy.
BARRIERS FACING PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PHYSICIANS WHILE DEALING WITH EMERGENCY CASES IN TAIF CITY. SAUDI ARABIA, 2021

: Introduction: PHC physicians, as a first-line care providers, will experience all types of medical emergencies, ranging from minor symptoms to serious life-threatening events. In Taif city, data regarding emergency services at PHC level is scarce. In this study, we tried estimate the prevalence of emergency cases encountered at PHC centers in Taif city and to explore the factors and barriers that are facing PHC physicians when dealing with emergencies. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 150 physicians working in PHC centers of the Ministry of Health in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. This study utilized a self-administered questionnaire for data collection. The questionnaire contained information about level of training, previous emergency courses and experiences, and perceived competence when dealing with emergency cases. An observation sheet was used to evaluate the availability of equipment, drugs and other supporting facilities in PHC centers. Kruskal Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess relationship between variables. Results: 150 PHC physicians were included in the study. 52% were males and 48% were females. Their age regened between 24 and 59 years, with a mean age of 33.1 ± 8.0 years. The majority of the
Thesis Report

The general trend in the aerospace industry is to optimise lightweight and highly flexible wing structures made of composite materials. This flexibility gives rise to static and dynamic aeroelastic instability problems. Research by Kim and Lee, Murua et al., and Drazumeric et al. have proven that chord-wise flexibility has a significant effect on the aeroelastic characteristics of an airfoil [1–3]; including the aeroelastic instability boundaries. Drazumeric et al. have numerically and experimentally shown that by adding chord-wise flexibility the stability boundaries could be increased up to 79.2% in the region of bimodal flutter behaviour, meaning that conventional section flutter and plate flutter occur simultaneously. It has been identified that the two-dimensional aeroelastic characteristics of flexible airfoil has been studied for constant stiffness flexible airfoils only. The present project will take the next step by assuming a piecewise constant thickness distributed flexible trailing edge. An elastically supported rigid airfoil shaped leading edge with attached a flexible composite plate was considered. The piecewise constant thickness distribution of the flexible plate was optimized for increasing the critical flow velocity at which the aeroelastic instabilities occur. An aeroelastic model has been developed to determine the aeroelastic characteristics of an elastically supported airfoil with attached a flexible piecewise constant thickness distributed trailing edge. The thin airfoil is assumed to harmonically oscillate with small amplitudes. The aerodynamic forces and moments are calculated by adopting the Küssner and Schwarz model which relates the pressure distribution over the airfoil to the downwash [4]. The transverse motion of the plate is modelled as an Euler-Bernoulli beam under the assumption that no span-wise deformations in the flexible trailing edge occur. The aeroelastic stability boundary is obtained by solving a complex eigenvalue problem in matrix form. The solutions to the system of equations are obtained as couples of the reduced frequency with the corresponding critical flow speed. The aeroelastic model is used to tailor the thickness distribution of the flexible trailing edge to optimise for the critical flow speed. Optimisations are executed for airfoil sections with conventional sectional parameters and with unconventional sectional parameters. In all cases it can be seen that a convergence in critical flow velocities was obtained for a trailing edge divided in two sections with a constant thickness. Depending on the length of the flexible trailing edge an increase up to 76% was achieved for airfoils with unconventional parameters, while for airfoils with conventional parameters a limited increase up to 4.1% was achieved.
Characterization of Livestock Production System in Three Selected Districts of Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

: The cross-sectional field survey was conducted in three selected districts of Jimma zone with the aim of characterizing the prevailing livestock production systems as well as identifying the major constraints and opportunities in relation to livestock production. The study districts were selected based on their livestock production potential and accessibility. Accordingly, 122, 188 and 104 households (HHs) from Kersa, Omo Nada and Tiro Afeta districts, respectively were participated in the study. The respondent HHs were purposively selected depending on their livestock keeping experience. This study revealed that livestock production systems in the three districts were mixed crop-livestock production system which is totally based on the indigenous livestock breeds with no improved input and low output. The average number of livestock in terms of tropical livestock units (TLU) in the three districts was 5.10±0.32/HH, which varied significantly (P<0.01) between the districts. Overall, the herd structure comprised of cattle (4.74±0.24 TLU/HH) (P<0.05), sheep (0.10±0.01 TLU/HH), goats (0.06±0.01 HH), donkey (0.07±0.02 TLU/HH) (P<0.05), horses (0.05±0.02 TLU/HH) and mule (0.06±0.03 TLU/HH). Natural mating was the only means of breeding system (P>0.05). The study on productive and reproductive performance of livestock revealed that average age at first calving (AFC) of cows was 4.50±0.08 years, calving interval (CI) of 25.56±0.43 months, lactation milk yield (LMY) of 203.29±4.75 litters, lactation length (LL) of 7.84±0.30 months and 4.56±0.10, 5.61±0.14 years for draught age and life span of oxen, respectively. Average age at first kidding and kidding interval of goats were 2.05±0.04 years and 15.45±0.30 months, respectively (P<0.05). The average age at first foaling (AFF), foaling interval (FI, P<0.05) and age at first work (AFW) of horses were 4.95±0.14 years, 35.57±1.76 months and 6.28±0.30 years, respectively. The average AFW for mules was 6.60±0.14 years (P<0.05). The average AFF, FI (P<0.05) and AFW (P<0.05) of donkeys were 6.22±0.32, 2.56±0.17 and 6.38±0.37 years, respectively. The main livestock feed resources in the areas were; crop residues, stubble grazing and natural pasture in a decreasing order of importance. The main constraints of livestock production were feed shortage, animal diseases and low productivity of the indigenous livestock breeds. Generally the livestock production in the areas are still traditional without any improved technology. So it needs urgent response by responsible organizations mainly on the areas of feed and genetic improvement.
RETHINKING THE ROLE OF ANXIETY Using cognitive reappraisal in the classroom

This thesis provides an overview of the literature both in the field of academic anxiety and emotion regulation. The two research fields have proceeded independently in the literature at least until recently and the thesis highlights their integration. The thesis aims to answer: what happens in the brain during cognitive reappraisal and how can we use cognitive reappraisal as a strategy for dealing with academic anxiety. Brain-imaging studies show that cognitive reappraisal (an emotion regulation strategy) involves many different higher-order cognitive processes, such as emotion processing, manipulation of appraisals in working memory, inhibiting the old and selecting new appraisals. Different regions of the prefrontal cortex are believed to support these functions, moreover, the prefrontal cortex modulates amygdala activity and decreases negative emotions. Previous research in the lab and in the classroom suggests that cognitive reappraisal might be a strategy for dealing with academic anxiety. The arousal reappraisal intervention encourages students to reinterpret their increased arousal as beneficial to their performance. Only a small number of studies have tested the intervention in academic contexts, however the results are promising, e.g. students improved exam performance. The goal is to teach students that it is possible to perform well regardless of one’s anxiety. The findings presented in this thesis provide an initial glimpse into the fruitful integration of these two research fields.
MAL ARIA PREVALENCE IN CHILDREN AND THE USE OF DISTRIBUTED LONG LIFE INSECTICIDE TREATED BED NETS (LLINS) IN ANAM BRA ST ATE, NIGERIA

/ ABSTRACT: This is a study on malaria prevalence and use of Long Life Insecticide Treated Bed Nets (LLINs) by mothers/caregivers in Anambra State, Nigeria. Stratified random sampling was used. All clinically good children 0 – 14.9 years and those with acute febrile illness were randomly sampled two times in a month from April 2012 to March 2013. Fifty homes were randomly sampled by balloting in each of the 13 communities for 12 months. Giemsa stained thick blood samples of 82 children were examined microscopically for malaria parasites. Structured questionnaires to ownership and use of LLINs were administered to mothers/caregivers of sampled children for malaria parasites. Overall prevalence of malaria in the communities in Anambra State was 46.3%. is no significant malaria infection between positive and negative blood smear children who sleep under LLINs can be attribute to improper usage of the nets or that the children were already infected by outdoor biting mosquitoes before they go into their nets in the night.
The endogenous modulators of Ca 2 + –Mg 2 + -dependent ATPase in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Background. Calcium homeostasis is disturbed in many ways in the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The concentration of free cytoplasmic calcium in erythrocytes is increased. Maintenance of a high concentration gradient (between the cystoplasmic and extracellular space) is possible only due to a finely tuned cooperation between many regulating systems in the cytoplasmic membranes and cell organelles. The aim of our study was to evaluate the activity of Ca 2 + –Mg 2 + -dependent ATPase (PMCA), calmodulin and calpain–calpastatin (CANP–CAST) system in erythrocytes of CKD children treated conservatively in the stages II–IV. intact in red blood cells: free cytosolic calcium concentration (Ca i2 ), activity of Ca 2 + –Mg 2 + -transporting ATPase (PMCA), basal PMCA (bPMCA), calmodulin (CALM), CANP, CAST. i2 + significantly PMCA bPMCA activity were A the CALM concentrations were decreased versus controls in all groups of multifactorial. Undoubtedly, the decreased PMCA activity, the calmodulin deficiency and the dysregulated CANP– CAST system are responsible for that phenomenon. The impact of many other biological modulators, creating a network defending the cell against the calcium accumulation, cannot be excluded. Abstract Background. The phenomenon of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis (IMGN) has not been adequately studied. There is also a paucity of detailed glomerular morpho-metric and stereologic analyses data on renal biopsy in this association. Methods. Twenty-three (23) patients with IMGN and su-perimposed FSGS were compared to 35 patients with IMGN alone with respect to the clinical and laboratory features, light microscopic findings and stereologic parameters (glomerular cross-sectional area and estimated glomerular volume). Results. In the clinical parameters, patients with IMGN-FSGS had a significantly higher incidence of hypertension, raised serum creatinine and microscopic haematuria. The mean 24-h urinary protein excretion was higher in the group with IMGN-FSGS (7.4 ± 1.36 g) as compared to IMGN alone (3.85 ± 0.7 g, P < 0.001, Mann–Whitney test). On light microscopy, biopsies with IMGN-FSGS frequently had mesangial hypercellularity and more extensive tubulo-interstitial disease than those with IMGN alone. Stereological analysis showed that the non-sclerosed glomeruli in biopsies with IMGN-FSGS had a higher mean cross-sectional area (185466.7 ± 32493.3 µ 2 ) and higher estimated volume (855200 ± 152640 µ 3 ) as compared to glomeruli in cases with IMGN alone (76000 ± 14719.2 µ 2 and 576666.7 ± 131233.3 µ 3 , respectively). Conclusion. The present study is probably the first sys-tematic analysis of stereologic parameters in renal biopsies of IMGN with FSGS. Our results objectively demonstrate the glomerular enlargement in the non-sclerosed glomeruli in cases of IMGN with FSGS. This detection of enlarged glomeruli may serve to alert the renal pathologist to the possibility of coexisting FSGS, which is a poor prognostic factor in IMGN.
Bucknell Digital Commons Bucknell Digital Commons 'Listen, Rama’s Wife!’: Maithil Women’s Perspectives and 'Listen, Rama’s Wife!’: Maithil Women’s Perspectives and

The two modes most widely used in Western music today convey oppo- site moods—a distinction that nonmusicians and even young children are able to make. However, the current studies provide evidence that, despite a strong link between mode and affect, mode perception is prob-lematic. Nonmusicians found mode discrimination to be harder than discrimination of other melodic features, and they were not able to accurately classify major and minor melodies with these labels. Although nonmusicians were able to classify major and minor melodies using affective labels, they performed at chance in mode discrimination. Training, in the form of short lessons given to nonmusicians and the natural musical experience of musicians, improved performance, but not to ceiling levels. Tunes with high note density were classified as major, and tunes with low note density as minor, even though these features were actually unrelated in the experimental material. Although these findings provide support for the importance of mode in the perception of emo- tion, they clearly indicate that these mode perceptions are inaccurate, even in trained individuals, without the assistance of affective labeling. to example after training in all groups, six (three major and three asked respond whether each major or minor. given extra but given and example melodies identical to those given in Experiment 2. After training, participants completed classification and discrimination tasks, were counterbalanced identically question. Untrained nonmusi- cians served as a baseline comparison group. All participants completed a classification task using the stimuli described earlier.
Self-inductance Learning Strategies Predict Learner Behavior and Goal Attainment in Massive Open Online Courses

Individuals with strong self-regulated learning (SRL) skills, characterized by the ability to plan, manage and control their learning process, can learn faster and outperform those with weaker SRL skills. SRL is critical in learning environments that provide low levels of support and guidance, as is commonly the case in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Learners can be trained to engage in SRL and actively supported with prompts and activities. However, effective implementation of learner support systems in MOOCs requires an understanding of which SRL strategies are most effective and how these strategies manifest in online behavior. Moreover, identifying learner characteristics that are predictive of weaker SRL skills can advance efforts to provide targeted support without obtrusive survey instruments. We investigated SRL in a sample of 4,831 learners across six MOOCs based on individual records of overall course achievement, interactions with course content, and survey responses. We found that goal setting and strategic planning predicted attainment of personal course goals, while help seeking was associated with lower goal attainment. Learners with stronger SRL skills were more likely to revisit previously studied course materials, especially course assessments. Several learner characteristics, including demographics and motivation, predicted learners ’ SRL skills. We discuss implications for theory and the development of learning environments that provide adaptive support.
CMAR_A_272008 8923..8933

1Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; 3National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People’s Republic of China; 4Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People’s Republic of China Abstract: Cancer patients are susceptible groups to COVID-19, and risk-adjusted models show that most cancer patients have a 25–39% mortality risk if infected with COVID-19. The infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients in China was 0.79% (12 of 1524 patients; 95% CI, 0.31.2%). The case fatality rate of COVID-19 in the overall population ranges from 2.3 to 8.0%; among these, the case fatality rate for cancer patients is at 5.6%. In a retrospective cohort study of 28 COVID-19-infected cancer patients, a total of 15 (53.6%) patients had severe outcomes with a mortality rate of 28.6%. In a pooled analysis by Aakash et al, a 2% cancer prevalence was found among admitted patients with COVID-19. In Italy, a report shows that among the 3200 patients who died of SARS-CoV-2, 19.4% were patients with cancer. In New York, 61 (28%) cancer patients succumbed to COVID-19 with a case fatality rate of 37% (20/54) and 25% (41/164) for hematologic and solid malignancies, respectively. Impacts of COVID-19 in cancer care include interruptions of life-saving therapies, distraction effects, and diagnostic overshadowing that involve diverting attention to the pandemic rather than to cancer patients and disruptions of primary palliative care to patients due to forced quarantine. Herein, we review the landscape of COVID-19 in cancer care. We also briefly share our experience and the measures in place to protect cancer patients against COVID-19 in our center.
Primary B Cells Identified CpG DNA Motif in Human Mechanism and Function of a Newly

The vertebrate immune system recognizes bacterial DNA based on the presence of unmethylated CpG-dinucleotides in particular base contexts (“CpG motifs”). In contrast to mice, knowledge about CpG-mediated effects on human B cells is poor. In the present study we identify and determine an optimal human CpG motif. A phosphodiester oligonucleotide containing this motif strongly stimulated CD86, CD40, CD54, and MHC class II expression, IL-6 synthesis, and proliferation of primary human B cells. These effects required internalization of the oligonucleotide and endosomal maturation. The molecular mechanism of action of this CpG motif was associated with the sustained induction of the NF- k B p50/p65 heterodimer and of the transcription-factor complex AP-1. Transcription-factor activation by CpG DNA was preceded by increased phosphorylation of the stress kinases c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38, and of activating transcription factor-2. In contrast to CpG, signaling through the B cell receptor led to activation of extracellular receptor kinase and to phosphorylation of a different isoform of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. These studies deﬁne the structure of a highly active human CpG motif and characterize its molecular mechanism of action in primary human B cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 164: 944–952.