Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Balanced Diet and Awareness of Co-Curriculum Activities on Student Mental Health

The current pandemic has had an impact on the mental health of students with the implementation of new norms in daily practice that also changed the landscape of teaching and learning activities today. This study which utilized quantitative research methods with survey design involved a total of 352 students at the Islamic University College of Melaka. Questionnaires adapted from the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) instrument as well as nutritional practices and physical activities by Burton (1999) were used to measure students' Depression, Anxiety and Stress. For the first hypothesis, the result of Pearson Correlation analysis found that there was no relationship between knowledge of balanced food intake and students' mental health (r = -.002, k > .05). Next, the second hypothesis found that there was a relationship b etween student’s awareness of co -curricular activities on students' mental health. (r = -.112, k < .05). The results of the study clearly show that the level of knowledge on balanced food intake has no correlation with mental health. However, knowledge of physical activity does correlate with mental health. A balanced diet is very important for energy and fitness. Therefore, this clearly shows the need to emphasize the level of awareness of students on a balanced diet. It ensures a good level of mental health because they are more energetic, and can perform physical activities more effectively while adhering to the practice of new norms that have been set.
Structural variants of RM734 in the design of splay nematic materials

ABSTRACT The recent discovery of the splay nematic phase, a new nematic polymorph that has been found to be both polar and ferroelectric, is the lead paragraph in an entirely new chapter in the history of liquid crystals. The potential for transformative applications utilising this state of matter – such as photonics, non-linear optics, memory applications and so on – can only be met with significant improvements in the temperature range of existing materials such as 4-(4-nitrophenoxycarbonyl)phenyl 4-methoxy-2-methoxybenzoate (RM734). Herein we present several families of materials which are structurally related to the archetypal new nematic material, RM734, including the first non-rod-like materials within the context of the splay nematic phase. We find that the incidence (or absence) of this new nematic variant in a designer material cannot be easily rationalised in terms of molecular dipole moment or polarisability. However, mixture formulation shows promise for the engineering of materials with improved working temperature ranges. Graphical abstract
Predictors of Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules

Background: Better and early prediction of malignant thyroid nodule, and sure differentiation from benign one, is crucial need to decrease the rate of non-indicated surgeries. The aim of the work: To find risk factors and predictors of malignancy in patients with thyroid nodule[s]. Patients and Methods:Fifty patients with thyroid nodule[s] were included. All patients were evaluated by history taking, clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Imaging studies included thyroid ultrasound [US]. All were also submitted to fine needle aspiration cytology [FNAC] before treatment by total or subtotal thyroidectomy. Excised tissues were sent to histopathological analysis. Results:The incidence of malignancy was 22.0%. both benign and malignant groups were comparable as patient characteristics, complaints except the significant increase in cosmetic disfigurement among patients with benign nodules [92.3% vs. 45.5%]. Patients with malignant nodules had a significant increase of ill-defined margins, intranodular vascularity and enlarged lymph nodes [72.7%, 63.6% and 72.7% vs 5.1%, 12.8% and 25.6% respectively]. Ill-defined margins, enlarged lymph node and high grade in FNAC were the predictors of thyroid malignancy. Conclusion: Predictors of malignant thyroid nodules are ill- defined edges, enlarged lymph node and high grade in FNAC. This helps clinicians to spare more benign cases from surgical interference.
Capital Inflows, Financial Development and Growth in Ecowas Countries: A New Empirical Insight

This paper empirically investigated the impact of foreign capital inflows and financial development on economic growth in ECOWAS countries. The study made use of quarterly data series from 2000 to 2017 for the analysis. Adopting the panel fixed-effect regression, the empirical results showed that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), net domestic credit (CRE), Gross Capital Formation (GCF), and Foreign Aid (AID) increase economic growth in ECOWAS region while labour force (LF) and Trade Openness (OPEN) revealed otherwise. The study therefore recommended that concerned policy makers in the ECOWAS region should pursue financial deepening and strengthen policies that will enhance the operations of the financial system. Also member countries should create a conducive socio-political and economic environment for foreign investors to invest in the economies. This can be done by reducing the corruption prevalent in the system, ethnic unrest, introduction of tax holidays, stability of policies introduced by the government, among others. In this era of Covid-19 many have lost their jobs and the economy of ECOWAS needs to be revitalized by following these economic prescriptions, among others.JEL Classification: F21; F36; F38; F43; G15; O16
The Impact of Investment in Human Capital on the Exports of Goods and Services

With the growth of services economy worldwide, it has become essential for policymakers to comprehend the export competitiveness of nations to identify offshore export locations or alternatively offer their own sites as an exporting location. Human capital investment is considered as a key component in attracting foreign countries for outsourcing purposes. Earlier studies have shown mixed role of human capital investment on off shoring activities. This study assesses the effects of control variables (business environment, wages and IT infrastructure) and human capital investment on export of goods and services from the selected Asian outsourcing countries. Panel Estimated Generalized Least Square (EGLS) technique is used with country weights to specifically overcome the problem of autocorrelation. Empirical findings show that investment in human capital is significant for both goods and services exports. We found a large impact of human capital investment on exports of goods and services in selected Asian countries as compared to selected developed countries. Empirical findings further suggest that human capital is more essential for export of goods than export of services. From these findings, the study draws important implications for policymaking in countries who intend to offer themselves as an attractive location for exporting and for those who intend to locate their production activities overseas.
Hierarchical textures on aragonitic shells of the hyaline radial foraminifer Hoeglundina elegans

We studied the specific hierarchical architecture of aragonitic shells of a hyaline radial foraminifer, Hoeglundina elegans. The porous shells consist of an ∼50 nm thin top layer and columnar domains ∼1 μm wide and ∼5 μm long in which the c-axis is perpendicular to the surface. The domains are regarded as bundled pillars comprising iso-oriented nanograins ∼5 nm in diameter, and divided by lateral lines of nanoscale voids with an interval of ∼240–500 nm.
Selection of F3 populations of Capsicum annuum for greenhouse production

Capsicum annuum is one of the most important plant species in the world. México has the greatest diversity for this plant. However, its production is limited due to the scarcity of improved varieties for greenhouse production. Therefore, the development of high-yield varieties would be possible through the genetic recombination of native varieties (Creole populations) and superior cultivars. Therefore, the purpose of this research work was to assess and select outstanding F3 populations for greenhouse production. The work was carried out in a greenhouse at Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico in 2018, involving 8 parents, in which 3 varieties were used as female (pollen-receptor plants), 5 varieties as males (pollen-donor plants) and 9 F3 populations derived by selfing from 9 F2 populations. The parents and F3 populations composed 17 treatments that were established in a greenhouse under a randomized block design with three replications. The variables were total fruit yield, average fruit weight, total number of fruits per plant, ascorbic acid content, total capsicinoids, days to flowering, days to harvest, final plant height, and basal stem diameter. Significant differences were found in all variables of F3 populations. The highest RTF (total fruit weight) belonged to P1,4 and P1,6, with1647.0 and 1652.0 g/plant, respectively. In terms of CAA (ascorbic acid content), population P2,4, was significantly superior to the rest of the genotypes and exceeded the best parent by 19.8%. We concluded that populations P1,4, P1,6 and P2,4 may be uased to develop cultivars with high yield and high quality for greenhouse production.
Novel method for determining 234U-238U ages of Devils Hole 2 cave calcite (Nevada)

<p>Uranium-uranium (<sup>234</sup>U-<sup>238</sup>U) disequilibrium dating can determine the age of secondary carbonates over greater time intervals than the well-established <sup>230</sup>Th-<sup>234</sup>U dating method. Yet it is rarely applied due to unknowns in the initial d<sup>234</sup>U (d<sup>234</sup>U<sub>i</sub>) value, which result in significant age uncertainties. In order to understand the d<sup>234</sup>U<sub>i</sub> in Devils Hole 2 cave, Nevada, we have determined 110 d<sup>234</sup>U<sub>i</sub> values from phreatic calcite using <sup>230</sup>Th-<sup>234</sup>U disequilibrium dating. The sampled calcite was deposited in Devils Hole 2 between 4 and 590 ka, providing a long-term look at d<sup>234</sup>U<sub>i</sub> variability over time. We then performed multi-linear regression among the d<sup>234</sup>U<sub>i</sub> values and correlative d<sup>18</sup>O and d<sup>13</sup>C values. The regression can be used to estimate the d<sup>234</sup>U<sub>i</sub> value of Devils Hole calcite based upon its measured d<sup>18</sup>O and d<sup>13</sup>C values. Using this approach and the measured present-day d<sup>234</sup>U values of Devils Hole 2 calcite, we calculated 110 independent <sup>234</sup>U-<sup>238</sup>U ages. In addition, we used newly measured d<sup>18</sup>O, d<sup>13</sup>C, and present-day d<sup>234</sup>U values to calculate 10 <sup>234</sup>U-<sup>238</sup>U ages that range between 676 and 731 ka, thus allowing us to extend the Devils Hole chronology beyond the <sup>230</sup>Th-<sup>234</sup>U-dated chronology while maintaining an age precision of ~2 %. Our results indicate that calcite deposition at Devils Hole 2 cave began no later than 736 &#177; 11 kyr ago. The novel method presented here may be applied to future speleothem studies in similar hydrogeological settings, given appropriate calibration studies. </p>
Group Identity in a Secondary School Classroom Constructed through Musical Creation / Oblikovanje grupnoga identiteta glazbenim stvaranjem u srednjoj školi

Music plays an important role in the construction of identity in adolescence. However, few studies have explored the relationship between the formation of group identities in adolescence and musical creation as an experiential group activity in secondary school. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to shed light on the formation of group identities in the classroom and determine the factors involved in this process. An educational project focusing on participatory musical creation was carried out in three Spanish secondary schools, involving 267 students. Data were collected by means of participant and non-participant observation, a classroom diary, a questionnaire and video recordings, analysed within the framework of activity theory. The results revealed the influence of a number of interconnected determinants on the formation of group identity in the classroom: (1) student involvement in all stages of the project; (2) the construction of meaningful musical experiences through the students’ role as musicians; (3) the classroom climate; (4) the emergence of positive emotions; (5) high motivation to learn; and (6) student identification with their own music. These results indicate the useful role of music creation in the formation of group identity. Keywords: activity theory; creative learning; music; participation; secondary education---Glazba ima važnu ulogu u izgradnji identiteta tijekom adolescencije. Unatoč tome, malo je studija istraživalo odnos između oblikovanja grupnih identiteta u adolescenciji i glazbenoga stvaranja kao iskustvene grupne aktivnosti u srednjoj školi. Stoga je cilj ovoga istraživanja bio osvijetliti oblikovanje grupnih identiteta u razredu i utvrditi čimbenike uključene u taj proces. Proveden je obrazovni projekt s fokusom na participacijsko glazbeno stvaranje u tri srednje škole u Španjolskoj. U projektu je sudjelovalo 267 učenika. Podatci su sakupljeni metodama sudioničkoga promatranja, promatranja bez sudjelovanja, razrednoga dnevnika, upitnika i videozapisa, a analizirani su unutar okvira teorije aktivnosti. Rezultati pokazuju utjecaj određenoga broja međusobno povezanih faktora na oblikovanje grupnoga identiteta u učionici: (1) učenički angažman u svim stadijima projekt, (2) stvaranje značajnih glazbenih iskustava kroz učeničke uloge glazbenika, (3) razredno ozračje, (4) javljanje pozitivnih emocija, (5) visoka motivacija za učenje i (6) poistovjećivanje učenika s vlastitom glazbom. Navedeni rezultati otkrivaju pozitivno djelovanje glazbenoga stvaralaštva na oblikovanje grupnoga identiteta. Ključne riječi: glazba; kreativno učenje; sudjelovanje; srednjoškolsko obrazovanje; teorija aktivnosti.
Databases and Associated Bioinformatic Tools in Studies of Food Allergens, Epitopes and Haptens – a Review

Abstract Allergies and/or food intolerances are a growing problem of the modern world. Diffi culties associated with the correct diagnosis of food allergies result in the need to classify the factors causing allergies and allergens themselves. Therefore, internet databases and other bioinformatic tools play a special role in deepening knowledge of biologically-important compounds. Internet repositories, as a source of information on different chemical compounds, including those related to allergy and intolerance, are increasingly being used by scientists. Bioinformatic methods play a signifi cant role in biological and medical sciences, and their importance in food science is increasing. This study aimed at presenting selected databases and tools of bioinformatic analysis useful in research on food allergies, allergens (11 databases), epitopes (7 databases), and haptens (2 databases). It also presents examples of the application of computer methods in studies related to allergies.
Rumination Derails Reinforcement Learning With Possible Implications for Ineffective Behavior

How does rumination affect reinforcement learning—the ubiquitous process by which people adjust behavior after error to behave more effectively in the future? In a within-subjects design (N = 49), we tested whether experimentally manipulated rumination disrupts reinforcement learning in a multidimensional learning task previously shown to rely on selective attention. Rumination impaired performance, yet unexpectedly, this impairment could not be attributed to decreased attentional breadth (quantified using a decay parameter in a computational model). Instead, trait rumination (between subjects) was associated with higher decay rates (implying narrower attention) but not with impaired performance. Our task-performance results accord with the possibility that state rumination promotes stress-generating behavior in part by disrupting reinforcement learning. The trait-rumination finding accords with the predictions of a prominent model of trait rumination (the attentional-scope model). More work is needed to understand the specific mechanisms by which state rumination disrupts reinforcement learning.
Changes in the Prevalence of Disability among Older Adults in India: Longitudinal Influence of Socio-economic and Health-related Factors

Background: While experiencing a double burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases, three-fourth of the Indian population aged 50 and above are suffering from some form of disability. Existing studies on physical limitations highlight the determinants of late-life disabilities, however, limited evidence has shown how the socio-economic and health-related factors influence the elderly recovering or acquiring disability status in the Indian context. Method: The current study uses two waves of the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) and is based on panel data of 10527 older adults. Both bivariate and multiple variable regression analysis were performed using two binary outcome variables in this study – whether older adults acquired disability and recovered from disability between round-I and round-II, respectively.Results: Nearly 31.5% and 4.4% of older adults have acquired and recovered disability across the two rounds respectively. 38.5% and 45.8% of female older adults’ disability status changes to disable and recovered in round 2 respectively. A lesser proportion of older adults have recovered from a disability who have a chronic disease in round 1. Cataract chronic conditions among older adults in round 1 had shown 1.45 times (CI: 1.07-1.97) a significantly higher likelihood of acquiring disability in round 2. Older adults who were unmarried and were not working in round 1 have 1.12 times (CI: 1.01-1.25) and 1.21 times (CI: 1.06-1.39) a higher likelihood of acquiring disability in round 2 respectively. Recovering from disability was mostly seen among older adults who belong to the richest (OR: 2.38, CI: 1.31-4.33) and medium (OR: 2.16, CI: 1.27-3.69) wealth quintile households. Older adults residing in the central region of India have 2.72 times (CI: 2.31-3.19) significantly higher chance of acquiring disability than those who were residing in northern regions.Conclusion: Appropriate measures are required to highlight the importance of chronic physical diseases and several socio-demographic factors that may negatively affect the trajectory of disability in older ages.
Let´s call it altruism ! A psychological perspective and hierarchical framework of altruism and prosocial behavior

“Altruism” is a term used by many disciplines like biology, economics, sociology and psychology that varies in its definition even by researchers in the same field. This lack of common ground concerning the definition has often led to misunderstandings due to the different approaches taken by researchers from various fields. In this work, we propose a hierarchical model of prosocial behavior that provides an overview on the hierarchical structure and position of several definitions of altruism provided by researchers from several disciplines. The highest hierarchical level is helping behavior that comprises both voluntary and involuntary behavior of benefit for others. The next hierarchical level is the general category of prosocial behavior, which is voluntary helping and yet independent from the reasons or motivation to help. The subsequent level of the hierarchy on the one hand defines different kinds of prosocial behavior in humans according to the source of general motivation being for example motivated by empathy, external rewards like reputation, or even by anger in case of costly punishment. On the other hand, on the same level, a differentiation using concepts from evolutionary perspectives grounds this very influential approach to prosocial behavior. Social interaction rules according to social exchange theory and situationally specific motivational aspects of prosocial behavior define further lower hierarchical levels. We propose this model to create a common ground for communication as well as to spread the awareness of the hierarchical differences in the different definitions of the term “altruism” in various fields of research.
Stopping timed actions.

The ability to inhibit ongoing responses that suddenly become inappropriate is essential for safe and effective interaction with an ever-changing and unpredictable world. Response inhibition is quantified by the unobservablestop-signal reaction time (SSRT), the completion time of an inhibitory process triggered by a signal to stop responding. SSRTs can be inferred based on a model in which inhibitory and response processes race with each other to control behavior. Inhibition is usually studied in the context of choice responses, but there has been increasing interest in what is often a key component of skilled behavior, stopping a response that is timed to coincide with an anticipated event. We show that SSRT measurement via the standard race model fails for anticipated responses because the stop signal changes the perception of the passage of time, due to the long-known “filled-interval illusion”. We propose a computational model of anticipated response inhibitionthat takes account of this distortion of time perception and show that this model produces valid estimates of not only SSRT, but also another key process that determines inhibitory ability, lapses in attention. Our new modeland accompanying Bayesian estimation procedures provide a solid basis for the burgeoning study of timed-action control.
Mathematical modeling and simulation for external electrothermal characteristics of an alkaline water electrolyzer

The water electrolyzer is a key device in the direct energy interaction between the hydrogen production system and the fluctuation power supply. Therefore, to understand its external electrothermal characteristics and modeling, an efficient simulation method is not only theoretically significant but also of great value in engineering applications for the key techniques, such as the study of control strategy and optimum configuration of renewable energy generation. Currently, research studies on the electrothermal characteristics of the alkaline water electrolyzer (AWE) are focused mainly on the microcosmic mechanism, without sufficient emphasis on the modeling and simulation technique of the external macroscopic electrothermal characteristics. Based on relevant theories in electrochemistry and test results of the electrothermal characteristics, this paper establishes a mathematical model of the equivalent impedance characteristics, electrothermal characteristics, and power regulation characteristics of AWE. Then, a simulation model of the external electrothermal characteristics is built with Matlab/Simulink. Finally, the accuracy of the established mathematical model and the functionality of the simulation model are verified. The research can provide some reference for the modeling and simulation of the electrical characteristics of AWE.