Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Birth Weight, Prematurity and Birth Defects in Children Living Near the Hazardous Waste Site, Love Canal

ABSTRACT Birth weight, prematurity, gestational age, and birth defects were assessed in 239 children exposed during gestational life to the Love Canal neighborhood and in 707 control children. The population living in Love Canal was composed of two groups; those referred to as homeowners who lived in single family homes and were predominantly white, and those referred to as renters who lived in a low income apartment complex and were predominantly black. These two groups were matched with comparable groups in the same city and a questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers at a neighborhood site or in the home. Mothers of exposed and control children were similar in socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption and medication use during pregnancy. There was no significant difference in prematurity, but the prevalence of low birth weight babies (<2500 g) was increased in exposed compared to control children, and multiple regression analysis showed that for the homeowner group the adjusted od.
A Cross-sectional Study of Primary Dysmenorrhea among Students at a University: Prevalence, Impact and of Associated Symptoms

Aims: To evaluate the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea and its severity among female university students in Iran; its associated symptoms; its impact on academic performance and social activities. Study Design: This is a cross ‐ sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: This study carried out from May to July 2012 in the Islamic Azad university, branch of Rasht in Iran. Methodology: A cross ‐ sectional survey of 600 students conducted by questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three parts that included demographic characteristics; menstrual history; and impact of dysmenorrhea on academic performance and social activities. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the severity of dysmenorrhea. Data were analyzed using the chi-squire test by SPSS. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 73.2% and there were significant differences between pain intensity and associated symptoms (P<0.05). Among participants, 69.7% expressed that dysmenorrhea had an adverse effect on their academic performance. Also, more than 60% of participants reported that their social activities and relationships with family were affected by dysmenorrhea. Statistically significant correlation was observed between pain duration, its severity, and social activities (P<0/0001). Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea is highly prevalent among female university students and is
Risks of Intravenous Fluid Therapy by First Year Residents – A Prospective Study

Aims: Intravenous fluid prescriptions are common in hospitals and most are written by junior doctors. Despite the frequency in which clinicians prescribe IV fluids, the burden from mortality and morbidity related to IV fluids is huge with an estimate that 1 in 5 patients are harmed by inappropriately prescribed fluids. We wished to identify the deficiencies in foundation year 1 doctors’ (FY1s, first year of clinical practice after graduation) knowledge and practice of IV fluid prescribing and to identify barriers to good prescribing practice that they had encountered on the wards. FY1s are in their first year of internship after graduating from medical school and this UK experience may be mirrored across the world. Study Design: A prospective, mixed methods study was carried out, using questionnaires, educational interventions and post-interventional evaluation. Place and Duration of Study: Royal Liverpool & Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescott Street, Liverpool, UK. The study took place over 2015. Methodology: A 53 point questionnaire was designed and used to sample data. An educational intervention was designed after a gap analysis and post-intervention sampling to assess the efficacy Original Research Article Scott et al.; BJMMR, 15(4): 1-13, 2016; Article no.BJMMR. 25456 2 of the interventions was also carried out. Results: Significant deficiencies were revealed in the ability to prescribe maintenance fluids. 33% of doctors (n = 8) had not read any guidance about IV fluid prescribing. 42% (n = 10) of participants adhered to fluid prescribing guidance. 17% (n=4) doctors stated that they did not know the contents of fluid bags they prescribed. Only 25% (n = 6) of first year residents indicated that they adhered to weight based prescribing and 4% and 16% felt they at times prescribed too much sodium or water, or too little potassium, for maintenance. Most residents (92%, n=22) reported checking patient’s latest urea and electrolyte values prior to prescribing IV fluids and 54% (n=13) indicated that they reviewed the patient clinically prior to prescribing fluids, However, 67% (n = 16) reported not documenting IV fluid therapy and fluid status in the case notes. The analysis of the narrative data showed system barriers, such as nurses not weighing patent weight, as contributing to the deficiencies in prescribing correctly. The intervention was successful in reversing the deficiencies to a large extent. However cultural and system barriers were also identified. Conclusion: Cultural and system barriers are significant in any learning and need to be taken into account when designing healthcare improvements.
Impacto Relatado das Alterações Bucais na Qualidade de Vida de Adolescentes: Revisão Sistemática Reported Impact of Oral Alterations on the Quality of Life of Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Introducao: Alteracoes no estado de saude bucal tem o potencial de comprometer a funcao e o bem estar dos individuos. Objetivo: Buscar evidencia cientifica de que problemas bucais provocam repercussoes na qualidade de vida de adolescentes. Metodos: Foi realizada uma busca bibliografica eletronica em 4 bases de dados (MEDLINE, LILACS, BVS Adolec e Cochrane Library), abrangendo o periodo de janeiro de 2000 a outubro de 2011, sem restricao de lingua e com complementacao de busca realizada manualmente nas referencias dos artigos recuperados. Os descritores utilizados foram: “adolescen*”, “oral health” e “quality of life”. Resultados: A estrategia de busca adotada gerou 593 artigos. A partir da analise dos titulos e resumos, foram selecionados, com concordância de 100% entre dois examinadores, 29 artigos, os quais foram obtidos e avaliados na integra. Destes, 13 atenderam aos criterios de elegibilidade, tendo sido a decisao final tomada em consenso, sendo quatro estudos com desenho caso-controle e nove transversais. Nao foram identificados ensaios clinicos controlados sobre o tema. Os artigos incluidos foram avaliados quanto a sua qualidade metodologica. Dentre os artigos selecionados, a ma oclusao foi a condicao clinica que teve seu potencial de provocar repercussoes na qualidade de vida estudado com mais frequencia, seguida de traumatismo, carie e erosao dentaria. Conclusao: Com excecao da erosao dentaria, as alteracoes bucais estudadas apresentaram impacto relatado negativo na qualidade de vida associada a saude bucal de adolescentes. Contudo, estudos longitudinais, com especial atencao para aqueles com controle de fatores de confusao, sao necessarios para esclarecer o nivel de evidencia desta conclusao.
“Class smoke-free” pledge impacts on nicotine dependence in male adolescents: A cluster randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objective: To test the effectiveness of a school-based, peer-led smoking and asthma education program with an additional “class smoke-free” pledge on smoking-related knowledge and perception, nicotine dependence, and asthma control in male high school students in Jordan 4 months post-intervention. Methods: In this cluster-randomized controlled trial, four male schools in Irbid, Jordan, were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 215) or comparison (n = 218) groups. Trained educators trained senior students from the four schools to be peer leaders (n = 53), who then taught peers in grades 7 and 8 (n = 433). The peer leaders in the intervention schools implemented the smoke-free pledge within the 7th and 8th graders, who voluntarily signed the pledge for 4 months. The comparison group received the same intervention components as the intervention group, minus the smoke-free pledge. Data were collected from students in grades 7 and 8 at baseline and 4 months post-intervention. Results: Students from the intervention group reported significant improvements in smoking-related knowledge and perception and lower nicotine dependence as compared to the comparison group. Improvement in asthma control was greater in nonsmokers versus smokers. Conclusions: Voluntary group commitment smoke-free through a pledge is an incentive to motivate adolescents to abstain from smoking. Using social influences approaches in schools is useful in countering current aggressive tobacco marketing campaigns in Arab youth.
Fever after varus derotational osteotomy is common, but not a risk factor for infection

Abstract Postoperative fever in pediatric patients following reconstructive hip surgery is of unknown significance. This study identifies the prevalence of postoperative fever after corrective hip surgery, its relationship to infection, and whether preventative use of anti-pyretics affects patient outcomes. Overall, 222 patients who underwent a varus derotational osteotomy (VDRO) between 11/1/2004 to 8/1/2014 with minimum 6 months follow up were retrospectively identified. Variables included diagnosis, inpatient stay, daily maximum temperature, duration of fever, fever workup, and administration of scheduled anti-pyretics. Fever was defined as temperature ≥38°C. In total, 123/222 (55.4%) and 70/222 (31.5%) had postoperative fevers of ≥38°C and ≥38.5°C, respectively. Average inpatient stay was 2.7 days postoperatively. Temperature (mean = 38.0°C) was greatest on postoperative day 1 (POD1), and 43.7% of patients had T ≥38°C on POD1. Anti-pyretics did not influence the duration of fever. Anti-pyretics on the day of surgery (POD0) did not influence the incidence of fever. Acetaminophen on POD0 significantly reduced likelihood of fever on POD1 (P = .02). Average length of fevers ≥38°C and 38.5°C were 8.4 and 4.2 hours, respectively. 3/18 (16.7%) fever workups administered were positive. Postoperative fever did not predict infection. 9/222 (4/1%) patients had postoperative infection - 5/123 (4.1%) with fever ≥38°C and 4/70 (5.7%) with fever ≥38.5°C. Rates of infection in patients with and without fevers were not significantly different (P = .97 for T ≥38°C and P = .38, for T ≥38.5°C). Though common, postoperative fever does not increase risk of infection. The low prevalence of positive cultures indicates routine fever workups can safely be avoided in most patients. Level of Evidence: III, retrospective comparative study
Fe3+-coordinated multifunctional elastic nanoplatform for effective in vivo gene transfection.

The common phenomenon that the non-viral vectors have much lower transfection efficiency in vivo than in vitro greatly restricts its further developments and applications. Possible reasons are lacking targeting ability, elimination by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and insufficient nuclear transport. Here, a novel flexible and deformable polymer Fe@PEI-R12 (tLyp-1-NLS) is reported for shortening the gap between in vitro and in vivo gene transfection efficiency. The amorphous network structure Fe@PEI with deformation ability acquired by coordination cross-linking of Fe3+ and low molecular weight polyethylenimine (LMW-PEI) constructs the core and serves as the gene reservoir, and it can squeeze out through RES filter holes when trapped in the spleen. The bifunctional peptide R12 provided tumor targeting and enhanced nuclear delivery ability. Additionally, the Fe3+ from Fe@PEI-R12 could trigger endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposition to produce O2, thereby reducing the adverse effects of tumor hypoxia. It is demonstrated that the Fe@PEI-R12/pDNA complexes could pass through membrane filters, subsequently achieving long circulation time, and Fe@PEI-R12 had a tendency to accumulate in tumor tissue and mediated pGL3-Control expression. Therefore, the multifunctional nanoplatform has the potential for effective in vivo gene delivery.
Review of neuroimaging findings in congenital Zika virus syndrome and its relation to the time of infection

Background Many original articles and case series have been published emphasizing the neuroimaging findings of congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. The majority of these studies do not follow a neuroradiological methodology to describe malformations and brain abnormalities resulting from ZIKV infection. The cause-and-effect correlation between the gestational period of maternal infection and the severity of encephalic changes at birth has rarely been reported. A systematic literature review was conducted on the neuroimaging findings in children affected with microcephaly due to ZIKV. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for full-text articles published up to July 2019. Duplicate entries were removed. Two independent reviewers performed a quality assessment of all the studies included. Results A total of 2214 publications were identified. Of these 2170 were excluded by analysis of titles and abstracts, resulting in the inclusion of only eight articles. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were performed with a 95% confidence interval to verify the statistically significant differences in the neuroradiological findings between the cases of ZIKV infection in the first or second trimester of gestation. The studies published so far have described image abnormalities at random, without utilizing any pre-established neuroradiological criteria, and imaging modalities with different sensitivity and accuracy have been used, which jeopardizes a reliable and adequate statistical analysis. Conclusions Neuroimaging abnormalities are much more prevalent and severe when the infection by ZIKV is contracted in the first or second trimester of pregnancy.
Study on detection rate of polyps and adenomas in artificial-intelligence-aided colonoscopy

Background/Aim: To study the impact of computer-aided detection (CADe) system on the detection rate of polyps and adenomas in colonoscopy. Materials and Methods: A total of 1026 patients were prospectively randomly scheduled for colonoscopy with (the CADe group, CADe) or without (the control group, CON) the aid of the CADe system, together with visual notification and voice alarm, so as to compare the detection rate of polyp. Results: Compared with group CON, the detection rate of adenomas increased in group CADe, the average number of adenomas increased, the number of small adenomas increased, the number of proliferative polyps increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001), but the comparison for the number of larger adenomas showed no significant difference between the groups (P> 0.05). Conclusions: The CADe system is feasible for increasing the detection of polyps and adenomas in colonoscopy.
T790M mutations identified by circulating tumor DNA test in lung adenocarcinoma patients who progressed on first-line epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Background: Plasma circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) test is an alternative method to detect the T790M mutation. Compared to conventional tumor rebiopsy, ctDNA possesses several advantages including less invasive, faster, lower costs, and having minimal risk of complications for patients. Objective: The main objective of the study is to identify the prevalence of T790M mutations in lung adenocarcinoma patients who progressed after tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy using ctDNA examination. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study based on medical records of lung adenocarcinoma patients in the Oncology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital within the period of January 2017–June 2018. Patients who progressed after receiving first-line epidermal growth factor receptor-TKI (EGFR-TKI) undergone plasma ctDNA examination and genotyping using digital platforms (Droplet Digital™ PCR) method. Results: In total, there were 39 patients who met the criteria for ctDNA testing. Thirty-three patients (84.6%) received first-line gefitinib, while the other six (15.4%) received erlotinib. The T790M mutations were detected in 46.2% of patients. In addition, EGFR common mutation in exon 19 and exon 21 were detected in 87.2% of patients. Median progression-free survival of patients receiving first-line gefitinib or erlotinib were both around 9 months and did not differ significantly. Conclusions: CtDNA examination successfully detected T790M mutation in a certain proportion of lung adenocarcinoma patients who progressed after first-line EGFR-TKI without the need for difficult and invasive rebiopsy.
Shame, Family Honor, and Dating Abuse: Lessons From an Exploratory Study of South Asian Muslims

Generally, South Asian Muslim communities reject dating and view it as shameful. Despite this, many South Asian Muslims still engage in dating. These traditional norms, however, remain influential and a part of the cultural context in which dating abuse occurs. This exploratory study examines South Asian Muslims’ perceptions of how cultural norms forbidding dating and constructing it as shameful may affect women’s experiences of dating abuse. Findings indicate these cultural norms may prompt fear of parental and community reactions to dating as well as strong relationship attachment. These then have implications for disclosure, help seeking, and ending abusive relationships.
Comparison of tuberculin skin test and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test in Bacillus Calmette–Guerin-vaccinated children

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the concordance between QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) and tuberculin skin test (TST) in children vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG). Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at a pediatric tertiary care center in 33 BCG-vaccinated children aged 6 months–15 years suspected of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or in contact with a patient with open tuberculosis (TB). All patients were tested for TST with purified protein derivative-S 5 tuberculin units and QFT-GIT assays. Concordance was evaluated between TST and QFT assay by kappa coefficient (k). Agreement between the tests was classified into categories: poor if k < 0.20, fair (k = 0.21–0.40), moderate (k = 0.41–0.60), good (k = 0.61–0.80), and very good (k = 0.81–1.00). Results: Both the TST and QFT assay were positive in 13 and negative in eight children, respectively, resulting in an agreement of 63% (κ = 0.31). Eight children were <4 years of age of which only one patient had a positive TST and QFT-GIT, and TST and QFT-GIT were negative in two patients resulting in an agreement of 37.5% (κ = 0.063). Among children 4 years of age and older, 12 patients had a positive TST and QFT-GIT and 6 patients had a negative TST and QFT-GIT resulting in an agreement of 72% (κ = 0.41). Among 12 children who had been in contact with an adult having open TB, both the TST and QFT-GIT were positive in 6 patients and negative in two patients, respectively, resulting in an agreement of 66% (κ = 0.41). TST specificity was only 29.6% with a positive predictive value of 42.4% as compared to QFT-GIT. Among children <4 years of age, TST specificity was only 28.6% with a positive predictive rate of 16.7%, and among children >4 years of age, TST specificity was 50% with a positive predictive value of 66.7%. In patients with contact with a patient having TB, TST specificity was 33.3%. Considering TST of 15 mm and above as positive, TST specificity increased to 63.2% and a positive predictive value was 56.3%. Conclusion: The concordance of TST and QFT-GIT is low in children with previous BCG vaccination and especially in children <4 years of age. QFT-GIT may help to rule out false-positive TST.
TMEM16A Potentiation: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis

Rationale: Enhancing non–CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator)-mediated anion secretion is an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) and other mucoobstructive diseases. Objectives: To determine the effects of TMEM16A potentiation on epithelial fluid secretion and mucociliary clearance. Methods: The effects of a novel low-molecular-weight TMEM16A potentiator (ETX001) were evaluated in human cell and animal models of airway epithelial function and mucus transport. Measurements and Main Results: Potentiating the activity of TMEM16A with ETX001 increased the Ca2+-activated Cl− channel activity and anion secretion in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells from patients with CF without impacting calcium signaling. ETX001 rapidly increased fluid secretion and airway surface liquid height in CF-HBE cells under both static conditions and conditions designed to mimic the shear stress associated with tidal breathing. In ovine models of mucus clearance (tracheal mucus velocity and mucociliary clearance), inhaled ETX001 was able to accelerate clearance both when CFTR function was reduced by administration of a pharmacological blocker and when CFTR was fully functional. Conclusions: Enhancing the activity of TMEM16A increases epithelial fluid secretion and enhances mucus clearance independent of CFTR function. TMEM16A potentiation is a novel approach for the treatment of patients with CF and non-CF mucoobstructive diseases.
Kidney function and symptom development over time in elderly patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: results of the EQUAL cohort study

Abstract Background Initiation of renal replacement therapy often results from a combination of kidney function deterioration and symptoms related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. We investigated the association between kidney function decline and symptom development in patients with advanced CKD. Methods In the European Quality study on treatment in advanced CKD (EQUAL study), a European prospective cohort study, patients with advanced CKD aged ≥65 years and a kidney function that dropped <20 mL/min/1.73 m2 were followed for 1 year. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the association between kidney function decline and symptom development. The sum score for symptom number ranged from 0 to 33 and for overall symptom severity from 0 to 165, using the Dialysis Symptom Index. Results At least one kidney function estimate with symptom number or overall symptom severity was available for 1109 and 1019 patients, respectively. The mean (95% confidence interval) annual kidney function decline was 1.70 (1.32; 2.08) mL/min/1.73 m2. The mean overall increase in symptom number and severity was 0.73 (0.28; 1.19) and 2.93 (1.34; 4.52) per year, respectively. A cross-sectional association between the level of kidney function and symptoms was lacking. Furthermore, kidney function at cohort entry was not associated with symptom development. However, each mL/min/1.73 m2 of annual kidney function decline was associated with an extra annual increase of 0.23 (0.07; 0.39) in the number of symptoms and 0.87 (0.35; 1.40) in overall symptom severity. Conclusions A faster kidney function decline was associated with a steeper increase in both symptom number and severity. Considering the modest association, our results seem to suggest that repeated thorough assessment of symptom development during outpatient clinic visits, in addition to the monitoring of kidney function decline, is important for clinical decision-making.