Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dermatological adverse events under programmed cell death‐1 inhibitors as a prognostic marker in metastatic melanoma

Melanoma is widely treated with programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) inhibitors. As part of their anti‐tumor immunity effect, they increase the susceptibility to cutaneous immune‐related adverse events (cIRAE) among other autoimmune effects. To characterize the manifestations of cIRAE in melanoma patients treated with PD‐1 inhibitors, and evaluate the correlation with tumor response. A retrospective study of 95 metastatic malignant melanoma patients treated with PD‐1 inhibitors at the Hadassah Medical Center during 2013–2016. The most common cIRAE was pruritus reported by 39 (41%) patients. All other cIRAE were noted in 34 patients (35.8%), of which the most common cutaneous manifestation was vitiligo, demonstrated in 17 patients (17.9%) followed by various rashes (7.4%, including erythema multiforme, oral lichen planus, photosensitive rash, insect bite‐like reaction, and urticaria), psoriasiform rash (3.2%), bullous pemphigoid (3.2%), and eczema (1%). Interestingly, higher response rates to immunotherapy were demonstrated in patients who developed pruritus (85%) and cIRAE (88%), with lower mortality rates in the cIRAE group (38.2%) versus the non‐cIRAE group (70.5%, p = 0.002). cIRAE are common among malignant melanoma patients treated with PD‐1 inhibitors and may be a marker for favorable prognosis.
Downward emission of runaway electrons and bremsstrahlung photons in thunderstorm electric fields

Intensive radiations presumably associated with lightning activities have sometimes been detected around nuclear facilities in Japan. In order to investigate the generation of bremsstrahlung photons caused by thunderstorm electric fields, we calculated the behavior of secondary cosmic ray electrons and photons in electric fields by Monte Carlo technique. The photon flux increased greatly in the region where the field strength exceeded 280(ρ(z)/ρ(0)) kV/m, and the photon energy spectrum showed a large increase in the energy region of several MeV. These are consistent with the observed results during the winter thunderstorms.
Aeroacoustic measurements of a deep cavity in a low speed flow

Experimental results for the flow over a deep cavity in a low speed flow are reported. Fluctuating pressures were measured on the walls of a cavity model and beneath the upstream and downstream boundary layers. Based on these results a normal cavity tone was observed across the range of speed investigated. Hot-wire measurement of the streamwise velocity component were made in the shear layer and upstream boundary layer. However the velocity spectrums were broadband in nature which indicated that the cavity pressure tone is not due to an aeroacoustic resonance. Instead the pressure tone is due to a fundamental acoustic mode, where energy is extracted from the shear layer without feedback. Introduction Figure 1 shows the important flow features of a cavity flow and they are: boundary layer development upstream of cavity; separation and vortex shedding from upstream corner of cavity; shear layer above cavity; separated and possibly reattaching flow within the cavity; acoustic waves generated at downstream corner of cavity and acoustic waves generated due to elastic deflections of cavity walls. The complexity of the flow stems from the coupling of the above aerodynamic and acoustic features. Under certain circumstances feedback loops can be established resulting in cavity resonance. The resonance can excite internal acoustic pressure levels of up to 170 dB. On aircraft, these high-intensity acoustic tones may lead to noise radiation, excessive heat transfer, structural fatigue, and interference with on-board avionic systems. Predicting and understanding the aeroacoustic phenomena associated with cavity flows is important from a practical point of view. For example cavity type geometries exist on the external surfaces of aircraft in the form of: landing-gear wells, weapon bays, fuel vent recesses and instrumentation recesses. Aeroacoustic resonance can also occur in the presence of slots and gaps and such resonance is often referred to as an edge tone. Due to the complex interaction of the flow and acoustic fields, accurate analytical or numerical prediction of the frequency and amplitude of the cavity tone(s) is difficult. However, the simple vortex-acoustic feedback model of Rossiter [10] provides reasonable prediction of the resonant frequencies across a limited range of Mach numbers and cavity geometries. The Rossiter model predicts resonant frequencies St = f L U∞ = m− γ M+1/K , (1) where f is the frequency of the pressure fluctuations, L is the cavity length, m is an integer representing the mode, γ is a phase lag, M is the freestream Mach number, K is an empirical constant that corresponds to the average vortex convection velocity divided by the freestream velocity, U∞, and St is the non-dimensional frequency (otherwise known as the Strouhal number).
Comparison Of Hepatitis C Antibody Assays And Evaluation Of Agreement Between Hepatitis C Antigen And PCR Results.

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C is associated with a wide range of health repercussions. Pakistan is one of the highly prevalent countries of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection. The availability of cost-effective, robust, and reliable screening and diagnostic tests for hepatitis C is important to address the disease burden. Standardization of screening and diagnostic assays in clinical laboratories is crucial for achieving big goals. Objectives of this study are to correlate the results of two different HCV antibody (HCV Ab) assays and to examine the correlation of HCV core antigen (HCV c Ag) results with HCV PCR for HCV infection diagnosis. METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from November to December 2020 at Dow University of Health Sciences. Total number of 40 HCV Ab samples were analysed by both chemiluminescence (CMIA) and electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) immunoassays. Tests for HCV RNA PCR and HCV c Ag were performed on all samples. Results of screening and diagnostic assays were correlated and agreements were examined. Statistical analysis for agreement was carried out by using R software version 3.6. 3 through AC1 Gwetz Statistic. The study was approved by the institutional ethical review committee. RESULTS An agreement of 0.73 and 0.95 was found between two different HCV Ab immunoassays and HCV c Ag and HCV PCR, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found a good correlation between CMIA and ECLIA for HCV Ab. An excellent correlation was found between HCV c Ag and HCV PCR. Based on our study findings, HCV c Ag is a candidate test for the diagnosis of active HCV infection.
Results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment uses low-temperature solid-state detectors to seek Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) and has the world's best exclusion limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section. The experiment uses ionization and athermal phonon signals from particle interactions to discriminate between candidate (nuclear recoil) and background (electron recoil) events with extremely high efficiency. The detectors' low energy threshold for electron recoil events allows us to perform the search for relic axions and solar axions which can interact in the detector via the axio-electric coupling $g_{a\bar{e}e}$ and the Primakoff coupling $g_{a\gamma\gamma}$ respectively. We describe the experiment and our most recent results from the Soudan 5-tower data runs which include a world-leading upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section with a minimum of $4.6\times10^{-44}$ cm$^{2}$ at the 90% confidence level (CL) for a 60 GeV/c$^{2}$ WIMP, the world-leading experimental upper limit on the axio-electric coupling of $1.4\times10^{-12}$ at the 90% CL for a 2.5 keV/c$^{2}$ axion, and the upper limit on the axion-photon coupling of $2.4\times10^{-9}$ GeV$^{-1}$ at the 95% CL.
A quantum mechanical calculation of the CN radiative association

Radiative association of CN is investigated through the quantum mechanical method, including the cross sections and rate coefficients. The abinitio potential energy curves, transition dipole moments and permanent dipole moments of CN are obtained by the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction method with Davidson correction and aug-cc-pwCV5Z-DK basis set. For the collision of the ground-state C (3Pg) and N (4Su) atoms, except for the four previously studied processes including the A2Π → X2Σ+, X2Σ+ → A2Π, A2Π → A2Π and X2Σ+ → X2Σ+ transitions, four other radiative association processes including b4Π → a4Σ+, a4Σ+ → b4Π, b4Π → b4Π and a4Σ+ → a4Σ+ transitions are considered. We also considered the collision of the excited C (1Dg) and the ground N (4Su) atoms including the 24Π → 14Σ− process and the collision of the ground C (3Pg) and the excited N (2Du) atoms including 22Π → B2Σ+, 32Π → B2Σ+ and 42Π → B2Σ+ transitions. The temperature population factor is considered to describe the thermal population of the three different dissociation asymptotic energies. The results show that the contribution of the A2Π → X2Σ+ and b4Π → a4Σ+ transitions to the total rate coefficients is significant over the entire temperature range. While considering the collision of C and N involving excited states, the contribution of the 22Π → B2Σ+, 32Π → B2Σ+ and 42Π → B2Σ+ transitions to the total rate coefficients cannot be ignored at the temperature range larger than 10000 K. Finally, the rate coefficients are fitted to an analytical function for astrochemical reaction modelling.
Constructing Optimal Instruments by First-Stage Prediction Averaging

This paper considers model averaging as a way to construct optimal instruments for the two-stage least squares (2SLS), limited information maximum likelihood (LIML), and Fuller estimators in the presence of many instruments. We propose averaging across least squares predictions of the endogenous variables obtained from many different choices of instruments and then use the average predicted value of the endogenous variables in the estimation stage. The weights for averaging are chosen to minimize the asymptotic mean squared error of the model averaging version of the 2SLS, LIML, or Fuller estimator. This can be done by solving a standard quadratic programming problem. Copyright 2010 The Econometric Society.
Can we have inflation with Ω > 1?*

It is very difficult to obtain a realistic model of a closed inflationary universe. Even if one fine-tunes the total number of e-folds to be sufficiently small, the resulting universe typically has δρ/ρ∼ΔT/T = O(1) on the scale of the horizon. We describe a class of models where this problem can be resolved. The models are unattractive and fine-tuned, so the flatness of the universe remains a generic prediction of inflationary cosmology. Nevertheless one should keep in mind that with the fine-tuning at the level of about one per cent one can obtain a semi-realistic model of an inflationary universe with Ω>1. The spectrum of density perturbations in this model may have a cut-off on the scale of the horizon. A similar approach may be valid in application to a compact inflationary universe with a nontrivial topology.
Future of Business Culture: An Artificial Intelligence-Driven Digital Framework for Organization Decision-Making Process

Technological efforts are currently being used across a broad array of industries. Through the combination of consumer choice and matching principle, the goal of this paper is to investigate the prospective implications of artificial intelligence systems on businesses’ outcomes. From an entrepreneurship standpoint, the research revealed that artificial intelligence systems can help with better decision-making. What impact does the introduction of AI-based decision-making technologies have on organizational policymaking? The quirks of human and AI-based policymaking are identified in this research based on five important contextual factors: precision of the choice search area, contribution to the innovation of the policymaking process and result, volume of the replacement collection, policymaking pace, and generalizability. We create a novel paradigm comparative analysis of conventional and automation judgment along these criteria, demonstrating how both judgment modalities can be used to improve organizational judgment efficiency. Furthermore, the research shows that, by involving internal stakeholders, they can manage the correlation among AI technologies and improve decision for businessmen. Furthermore, the research shows that customer preferences and industry norms can moderate the link between AI systems and superior entrepreneurial judgment. The goal of this work is to conduct a thorough literature analysis examining the confluence of AI and marketing philosophy, as well as construct a theoretical model that incorporates concerns based on established studies in the areas. This research shows that, in a setting with artificial intelligence systems, customer expectation, industry standards, and participative management, entrepreneurial strategic decisions are enhanced. This research provides entrepreneurs with technology means for enhancing decision-making, illustrating the limitless possibilities given by AI systems. A conceptual approach is also formed, which discusses the four factors of profit maximization: relationship of AI tools and IT with corporate objectives; AI, organizational learning, and decision-making methodology; and AI, service development, and value. This study proposes a way to exploit this innovative innovation without destroying society. We show real-world examples of each of these frameworks, indicate circumstances in which they are likely to improve decision-making performance in organizations, and provide actionable implications into their constraints. These observations have a wide variety of implications for establishing new management methods and practices from both academic and conceptual viewpoints.
Intra-articular Osteoid Osteoma of the Olecranon Fossa

Osteoid osteomas are benign primary bone lesions characterized by a central nidus with surrounding reactive sclerosis, classically presenting as worsening nocturnal pain relieved by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). These most commonly occur in intracortical bone and the diaphysis of long bones. As a rare entity, intra-articular osteoid osteomas present unusually, often resulting in a delayed or incorrect diagnosis. We present a case of an intra-articular osteoid osteoma, emphasizing the importance of MRI in aiding diagnosis in this atypical location.
Lateral Circumflex Femoral Vascular Chimeric Fascia Flap Reduces Pain and Promotes Wound Healing in Repairing Skin and Tendon Defects of Hand, Foot, and Ankle

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of lateral circumflex femoral artery embedded with fascia lata flap in the repair of skin and tendon defects in hand, foot, and ankle. From January 2020 to June 2021, 32 patients with skin and tendon defects of the hand, foot, and ankle admitted to our hospital were selected as the study subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the observation group (16 cases, treated with rotational lateral femoral vascular inlay broad fascial flap repair) and the control group (16 cases, treated with conventional skin flap repair) and followed up for 6 months. The postoperative tendon midactivity measurement scale (TAM), ankle-hindfoot scoring system (AOFAS), and lower limb functional evaluation scale (LEFS) scores were all higher in the observer group than in the control group The number of people with infection, implant necrosis, and subcutaneous hematoma in the observation group (total incidence 6.25%) was less (lower) than that in the control group (50.00%), and the total number of people with significant and fair clinical efficacy in the observation group (total effective rate 100.00%) was more (higher) than that in the control group (68.75%). The application of early plastic surgery to the clinical treatment of patients with deep burns on the hand can reduce the patient's pain and promote the healing of the wound. It is of great significance to reduce the risk of complications such as necrosis of the skin graft and improve the efficacy of the surgery.
The role trans-sclera MP-CPC as a primary treatment option in congenital glaucoma management

ABSTRACT Background Childhood glaucoma is considered one of the main causes of irreversible blindness. Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a rare disease; however, in Middle East countries such as Saudi Arabia, the incidence is high. Research design and methods A retrospective study was conducted at Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital from September 2016 to March 2020 to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transscleral micropulse cyclophotocoagulation (TS-MPCPC) as a primary procedure in congenital glaucoma and as an adjuvant to prepare the patient for ultimate surgical intervention. Emergent ophthalmic examination under sedation or general anesthesia was done to evaluate the presence of PCG features, measure the intraocular pressure (IOP), horizontal corneal diameter (HCD), and to evaluate the optic disc. Results Twenty-one eyes were included in the study. Cup to disc ratio (CDR) was not decreased postoperatively, and it was found statistically non-significant. There was statistically significant decrease in IOP and horizontal corneal diameter (HCD) (p < 0.001, 0.014), respectively. The mean reduction in IOP was 36%. The final IOP was between 5 and 21 mmHg in all cases. Qualified success was achieved in 17 (81%) eyes and 4 (19%) eyes had surgical failure. Conclusion TS-MPCPC might have effective and safe implications for congenital glaucoma patients.
Utility of the One-time HACOR Score as a Predictor of Weaning Failure from Mechanical Ventilation: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract Aim To determine the utility of the HACOR score in predicting weaning failure in resource-limited settings. Objectives The primary objective was to determine a cut-off value of the HACOR score, sensitivity, and specificity to predict failed weaning. The secondary objective was to determine which out of five components of the score was significantly different between the successful weaning and the failed weaning groups. Introduction Most weaning indices are either inaccurate or are dependent on complex ventilatory parameters, which are difficult to measure in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to determine the utility of the HACOR score consisting of heart rate, acidosis, consciousness level, oxygenation, and respiratory rate as a predictor of weaning in the intensive care unit. Materials and methods It was a prospective observational study on 120 patients between 18 and 90 years. The HACOR score was evaluated at 30 minutes of spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). The total duration of SBT was 120 minutes. Results Out of 120 patients, 83 (69.2%) had successful weaning, whereas 37 (30.8%) had weaning failure. The median and interquartile range (IQR) of the HACOR score in the successful weaning group was 2 (0–3) and 6 (5–8) in the failed weaning group (p-value <0.001). There was a significant difference in each of the five components of the HACOR score between the successful and failed weaning groups (p <0.05). HACOR score ≥5 predicted failed weaning, sensitivity 83.8%, specificity 96.4%, area under the curve (AUC) 0.950, and 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.907–0.993], p <0.001. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that HACOR score ≥5 is an independent predictor of weaning failure [p <0.001, 95% CI (1.9–4.2), adjusted odds ratio 2.82]. Conclusion A HACOR score ≥5 is an excellent predictor of weaning failure. This score may be useful as a weaning strategy in the intensive care unit. How to cite this article Chaudhuri S, Gupta N, Adhikari SD, Todur P, Maddani SS, Rao S. Utility of the One-time HACOR Score as a Predictor of Weaning Failure from Mechanical Ventilation: A Prospective Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(8):900–905. Ethical approval Prior to the commencement of the study, Institutional Ethics Committee permission was obtained (IEC: 197/2021) and Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) registration was done before recruitment (CTRI/2021/07/035139). We obtained written informed consent from the legally authorized representative prior to recruiting patients for the study.
Boundary-Layer Transition Correlation on a Slender Cone in Wind Tunnels and Flight for Indications of Flow Quality

Abstract : Boundary-layer transition location measurements were made on a 10-deg sharp cone in 23 wind tunnels in the United States and Europe and in flight. The data were acquired at subsonic, transonic, and supersonic Mach numbers over a range of unit Reynolds numbers in an effort to obtain an improved understanding of the effect of wind tunnel flow quality on transition location. The data indicate that the transition mechanism in both wind tunnels and flight is associated with the formation of Tollmien-Schlichting waves in the laminar boundary layer. However, the location of the end of transition was found to be primarily a function of the noise under the laminar boundary of the cone surface and, within + or - 20 percent, independent of Mach number and unit Reynolds number.
Implementation of the Flipped Classroom Model in a Higher Education Institution (HEI): Sultanate of Oman

The pilot study was conducted in one of the Sultanate of Oman’s government universities. In an isolated case, the researchers conducted one whole course only using a flipped classroom set-up for an entire semester. Advanced lectures were given in the form of short videos and reading materials to the students. Class time was spent for follow up, assessment and reinforcement of learning and was conducted by giving classroom activities ranging from group work, self-assessment exercises, case studies, muddiest point assessment etc. The study revealed five explanatory variables to flipped classroom effectiveness and through focus group discussions, the common learning challenges faced by the students were also determined.
Phylogeography of Scots pine in Europe and Asia based on mtDNA polymorphisms

We analyzed mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms to search for evidence of the genetic structure and patterns of admixture in 124 populations (N = 1407 trees) across the distribution of Scots pine in Europe and Asia. The markers revealed only a weak population structure in Central and Eastern Europe and suggested postglacial expansion to middle and northern latitudes from multiple sources. Major mitotype variants include the remnants of Scots pine at the north‐western extreme of the distribution in the Scottish Highlands; two main variants (western and central European) that contributed to the contemporary populations in Norway and Sweden; the central‐eastern European variant present in the Balkan region, Finland, and Russian Karelia; and a separate one common to most eastern European parts of Russia and western Siberia. We also observe signatures of a distinct refugium located in the northern parts of the Black Sea basin that contributed to the patterns of genetic variation observed in several populations in the Balkans, Ukraine, and western Russia. Some common haplotypes of putative ancient origin were shared among distant populations from Europe and Asia, including the most southern refugial stands that did not participate in postglacial recolonization of northern latitudes. The study indicates different genetic lineages of the species in Europe and provides a set of genetic markers for its finer‐scale population history and divergence inference.