Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of Hand and Foot Defects with Free Serratus Carpaccio Flap and Free Serratus Fascia Flap: A Comparative Retrospective Study of Surgical Outcomes

Background: Defects of the hand and foot often require an individualized reconstructive approach, due to their unique functional and aesthetic characteristics. Transferred tissues should be thin, pliable, and durable, with free fascial flaps meeting these requirements. This study aimed to evaluate the serratus fascia flap and the serratus carpaccio flap, which is a modification of the fascia flap, by including a thin muscle layer, with the goal of enhancing flap resilience and lowering morbidity rates. Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2017, 31 patients underwent microsurgical reconstruction of the hand or foot either by serratus fascia flap (fascia group) or serratus carpaccio flap (carpaccio group). The serratus fascia flaps were mainly harvested between 2000 and 2012, and the serratus carpaccio flaps between 2013 and 2017. Patient records were reviewed retrospectively, regarding demographics, complications, overall flap survival, additional revision surgeries, and surgical outcome. Categorical variables were compared using Fisher’s exact test and continuous data with the Mann–Whitney tests. Logistic regression was used to examine the correlation between comorbidities and postoperative complication rates. Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05. Results: The fascia group consisted of 17 patients and the carpaccio group of 14 patients. The average patient age in the fascia group was 39.2 ± 10.5 years, and it was 39.1 ± 14.7 years in the carpaccio group. Overall complication rates were significantly lower in the carpaccio group than in the fascia group (28.6% vs. 70.6%, p = 0.03). The rates of overall flap survival (85.7% in the carpaccio group vs. 74.5% in the fascia group, p = 0.66) and partial flap loss (14.3% in the carpaccio group vs. 47.1% in the fascia group, p = 0.07) did not differ significantly among both groups. One postoperative hematoma of the donor site requiring revision surgery was reported in the carpaccio group (7.1%, p = 0.45) while no donor-site morbidity was reported in the fascia group. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the serratus carpaccio flap presents a promising alternative to the serratus fascia flap. This modification has proven to be effective in substantially reducing postoperative complications requiring additional surgical interventions. Therefore, the serratus carpaccio flap can be considered a dependable reconstructive option for addressing complex soft tissue defects of the hand and foot, with complication rates that are within an acceptable range.
How digital marketing and innovative performance contribute to hotel restaurant revenue growth: The mediating role of knowledge sharing

Abstract Innovative performance has been identified as a critical dynamic in various sectors, while little research has focused on the mediating role of knowledge sharing. The current study measures the role of knowledge sharing between digital marketing and innovative performance induced ultimately revenue growth in the hotel restaurants industry. A quantitative method was used with 134 questionnaires distributed to operational and marketing managers in Jordanian hotels. The Smart PLS was used, and the results illustrated a strong relationship between digital marketing and innovative performance, with mediating role of knowledge sharing on revenue growth. The study expressed the positive impact of employing digital marketing on the issue of knowledge sharing where the effect of the latter on innovative performance is optimistically positive. This further suggests eliminating any failure in the marketing strategies to avoid the effects on the organization’s profits; however, staying up to date with emerging digital revisions is crucial for the effectiveness of marketing activities.
Functional Mitral and Tricuspid Regurgitation across the Whole Spectrum of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: Recognizing the Elephant in the Room of Heart Failure

Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) and tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) occur due to cardiac remodeling in the presence of structurally normal valve apparatus. Two main mechanisms are involved, distinguishing an atrial functional form (when annulus dilatation is predominant) and a ventricular form (when ventricular remodeling and dysfunction predominate). Both affect the prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF) across the entire spectrum of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), including preserved (HFpEF), mildly reduced (HFmrEF), or reduced (HFrEF). Currently, data on the management of functional valve regurgitation in the various HF phenotypes are limited. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of FMR and FTR within the different patterns of HF, as defined by LVEF.
The importance of irrigation supply chains within the water footprint: an example from the Pakistani part of the Indus basin

ABSTRACT Many environmental studies have shown that a systems approach, including complete supply chains, is relevant for the assessment of the consequences of production and consumption on natural resources. This can also be applied to water. Although water consumption also includes water supply chains, often irrigation supply chains are excluded in water footprint (WF) studies. Using information from water management studies on water losses, we propose an improved WF method that includes blue crop WFs and WFs of irrigation supply chains indicating total agricultural blue WFs. A systems approach considering not only irrigation technology but whole water supply chains, also distinguishing between surface and groundwater, is needed to improve efficient blue water use in agriculture. This method is applied to the Pakistani part of the Indus basin that includes the largest man-made irrigation network in the world. The total agricultural blue WF is 1.6 times the blue crop WF. Surface water losses vary between 45 and 49%, groundwater losses between 18 and 21% and are smaller than results from water management studies. Differences between provinces and canal commands are large. The identification of hotspots provides a tool to improve water management. Earlier WF studies might have underestimated agricultural water consumption if supply chains are neglected. More water efficient agriculture should take supply chain losses into account probably requiring water management adaptations, which is more a policy than an agriculture task. WFs of supply chains are also relevant for other sectors, like industry or municipal water supply. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Aβ40 Aggregation under Changeable Conditions

Homeostasis is crucial for cell function, and disturbances in homeostasis can lead to health disorders. Under normal conditions, intracellular pH is maintained between 7.35 and 7.45. Altered endosomal and lysosomal pH together with a general drop in brain pH are associated with the aggregation of amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ) and the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Under acidic conditions, close to the Aβ isoelectric point, the absence of charges favors the formation of intermolecular contacts and promotes aggregation. Here, we analyzed how pH levels affect the aggregation of Aβ40 considering the variations in brain pH and the coexistence of different aggregated conformations. Our results suggest that different macromolecular conformations can interact with each other and influence the aggregation process. In addition, we showed that neutral pH and physiological salt concentrations favor a slow aggregation, resulting in ordered, stable fibrils, with low cytotoxic effects. Overall, we highlight the complexity of the aggregation processes occurring in different physiological and pathological environments.
The Transcriptomic Profiles of ESR1 and MMP3 Stratify the Risk of Biochemical Recurrence in Primary Prostate Cancer beyond Clinical Features

The molecular determinants of the heterogenic course of prostate cancer (PC) remain elusive. We aimed to determine the drivers predisposing to unfavorable PC outcomes anticipated by BCR events among patients of similar preoperative characteristics. The TCGA transcriptomic and clinical data of 497 PC individuals were used, stratified according to the risk of BCR by EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG. The relevance of the functional markers regarding BCR-free survival was examined by the cutp algorithm. Through UpSetR, subgroups of PC patients bearing an unfavorable signature were identified, followed by the hierarchical clustering of the major markers of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). BCR-free survival was estimated with the Cox proportional hazards regression model. ESR1 significantly differentiated BCR-free survival, whereas AR did not. An elevation in KLK3 correlated with better prognosis, although PGR, KLK3, CDH1, and MMP3 predicted BCR better than the preoperative PSA level. Patients sharing an unfavorable profile of ESR1 and MMP3 together with lymph node status, Gleason score, T, and EAU risk groups were at a higher risk of BCR originating from mesenchymal features of PC cells. To conclude, we revealed an ESR1-driven unfavorable profile of EMT underpinning a worse PC trajectory. ESR1 may have a major role in PC progression; therefore, it could become a major focus for further investigations.
Sarcopenia Prediction for Elderly People Using Machine Learning: A Case Study on Physical Activity

Sarcopenia is a well-known age-related disease that can lead to musculoskeletal disorders and chronic metabolic syndromes, such as sarcopenic obesity. Numerous studies have researched the relationship between sarcopenia and various risk factors, leading to the development of predictive models based on these factors. In this study, we explored the impact of physical activity (PA) in daily life and obesity on sarcopenia prediction. PA is easier to measure using personal devices, such as smartphones and watches, or lifelogs, than using other factors that require medical equipment and examination. To demonstrate the feasibility of sarcopenia prediction using PA, we trained various machine learning models, including gradient boosting machine (GBM), xgboost (XGB), lightgbm (LGB), catboost (CAT), logistic regression, support vector classifier, k-nearest neighbors, random forest (RF), multi-layer perceptron, and deep neural network (DNN), using data samples from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Among the models, the DNN achieved the most precise accuracy on average, 81%, with PA features across all data combinations, and the accuracy increased up to 90% with the addition of obesity information, such as total fat mass and fat percentage. Considering the difficulty of measuring the obesity feature, when adding waist circumference to the PA features, the DNN recorded the highest accuracy of 84%. This model accuracy could be improved by using separate training sets according to gender. As a result of measurement with various metrics for accurate evaluation of models, GBM, XGB, LGB, CAT, RF, and DNN demonstrated significant predictive performance using only PA features including waist circumference, with AUC values at least around 0.85 and often approaching or exceeding 0.9. We also found the key features for a highly performing model such as the quantified PA value and metabolic equivalent score in addition to a simple obesity measure such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference using SHAP analysis.
New Binary Code Design to Correct One Deletion and One Insertion Error

In this paper, we propose a newly constructed binary code to correct one deletion and one insertion error that simultaneously occur at any position in a codeword. We first investigated all cases of one deletion and one insertion error. Three constraints in the proposed construction were used for determining the bit values and positions of all error cases. Furthermore, we propose the decoding procedure with two parallel decoding algorithms and explain the specific decoding procedure. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, our work is the first trial to provide an efficient code construction design to correct one deletion and one insertion error occurring in a codeword.
Complement Activation and Up-Regulated Expression of Anaphylatoxin C3a/C3aR in Glioblastoma: Deciphering the Links with TGF-β and VEGF

Simple Summary The role of complement in cancer has raised much attention over the last decade. Recent studies have pointed to the tumor-promoting effects of complement activation within the tumor microenvironment of various cancers. The aim of our study was to assess the expression of the complement anaphylatoxin C3a and its receptor C3aR in the context of primary and metastatic brain tumors. We observed a high expression of C3aR in Grade 4 diffuse gliomas, i.e., glioblastoma multiforme, IDH-wildtype (GBM) and astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, Grade 4, compared to less aggressive primary brain tumors and brain metastasis. In GBM, C3aR was detected in tumor-associated macrophages, which also expressed VEGF, suggesting pro-angiogenic and tumor growth-supporting activities. In addition, robust levels of C3a were detected in GBM. Lastly, our results pointed to the critical role of TGF-β in the regulation of C3a and C3aR expression. Besides providing novel insights into glioma pathogenesis, our findings open new therapeutic avenues (C3aR antagonists) for this lethal disease. Abstract The complement (C) innate immune system has been shown to be activated in the tumor microenvironment of various cancers. The C may support tumor growth by modulating the immune response and promoting angiogenesis through the actions of C anaphylatoxins (e.g., C5a, C3a). The C has important double-edged sword functions in the brain, but little is known about its role in brain tumors. Hence, we analyzed the distribution and the regulated expression of C3a and its receptor C3aR in various primary and secondary brain tumors. We found that C3aR was dramatically upregulated in Grade 4 diffuse gliomas, i.e., glioblastoma multiforme, IDH-wildtype (GBM) and astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, Grade 4, and was much less expressed in other brain tumors. C3aR was observed in tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) expressing CD68, CD18, CD163, and the proangiogenic VEGF. Robust levels of C3a were detected in the parenchyma of GBM as a possible result of Bb-dependent C activation of the alternative C pathway. Interestingly, in vitro models identified TGF-β1 as one of the most potent growth factors that upregulate VEGF, C3, and C3aR in TAM (PMA-differentiated THP1) cell lines. Further studies should help to delineate the functions of C3a/C3aR on TAMs that promote chemotaxis/angiogenesis in gliomas and to explore the therapeutic applications of C3aR antagonists for brain tumors.
Generation of Optical Frequency Combs Using Gain Switched Semiconductor Nanolasers

In this letter, a novel scheme to generate optical frequency combs (OFCs) using gain switched (GS) semiconductor nanolasers (SNLs) is proposed. Numerical calculations have been performed using rate equations, which include the Purcell cavity-enhanced spontaneous emission factor F and the spontaneous emission coupling factor <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The results demonstrate that broadband OFCs (10 dB frequency span, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{10} >1 THz $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) can be generated over a wide range of parameter space due to the intrinsic dynamics of the SNLs. Moreover, it is observed that f10 is associated with the effective reduction of the carrier lifetime and increases with increase of the bias current. The broadband OFCs generated in GS SNLs offers opportunities for their practical applications and notably in photonic integrated circuits.
Isolated Osteotomy Versus Combined Osteotomy and Cartilage Repair for Osteoarthritis or Focal Chondral Defects of the Medial Compartment of the Knee Joint: A Systematic Review

Background: The extent to which concomitant cartilage repair provides an improvement in clinical outcomes after osteotomy is unclear. Purpose: To compare studies reporting clinical outcomes after isolated osteotomy with or without cartilage repair for osteoarthritis (OA) or focal chondral defects (FCDs) of the knee joint. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. The search was done to identify comparative studies that directly compared outcomes between isolated osteotomy—high tibial osteotomy or distal femoral osteotomy—and osteotomy with concomitant cartilage repair for OA or FCDs of the knee joint. Patients were evaluated based on reoperation rate, magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue score, macroscopic International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Preservation Society score, and patient-reported outcomes. Results: In total, 6 studies—level 2 evidence (n = 2);, level 3 evidence (n = 3);, and level 4 evidence (n = 1)—met the inclusion criteria, including a total of 228 patients undergoing osteotomy alone (group A) and 255 patients undergoing osteotomy with concomitant cartilage repair (group B). The mean patient age was 53.4 and 54.8 years, respectively, and the mean preoperative alignment was 6.6° and 6.7° of varus in groups A and B, respectively. The mean follow-up time was 71.5 months. All studies assessed medial compartment lesions with varus deformity. One study compared osteotomy alone for patients with medial compartment OA versus osteotomy with autologous chondrocyte implantation for patients with FCDs of the medial compartment. Three other studies included a heterogeneous cohort of patients with OA and FCDs in both groups. Only 1 study isolated its comparison to patients with medial compartment OA and 1 study isolated its comparison to patients with FCDs. Conclusion: There is limited evidence with substantial heterogeneity between studies on clinical outcomes after osteotomy alone versus osteotomy with cartilage repair for OA or FCDs of the knee joint. At this time, no conclusion can be made regarding the role of additional cartilage procedures in treating medial compartment OA or FCDs. Further studies are needed that isolate specific disease pathology and specific cartilage procedures.
MALN: Multimodal Adversarial Learning Network for Conversational Emotion Recognition

Multimodal emotion recognition in conversations (ERC) aims to identify the emotional state of constituent utterances expressed by multiple speakers in dialogue from multimodal data. Existing multimodal ERC approaches focus on modeling the global context of the dialogue and neglect to mine the characteristic information from the corresponding utterances expressed by the same speaker. Additionally, information from different modalities exhibits commonality and diversity for emotional expression. The commonality and diversity of multimodal information are compensated for each other but not effectively exploited in previous multimodal ERC works. To tackle these issues, we propose a novel Multimodal Adversarial Learning Network (MALN). MALN first mines the speaker’s characteristics from context sequences and then incorporate them with the unimodal features. Afterward, we design a novel adversarial module AMDM to exploit both commonality and diversity from the unimodal features. Finally, AMDM fuses different modalities to generate refined utterance representations for emotion classification. Extensive experiments are conducted on two public multimodal ERC datasets, IEMOCAP and MELD. Through the experiments, MALN shows its superiority over the state-of-the-art methods.
A Proof Theory for Loop-Parallelizing Transformations

The microprocessor industry has embraced multicore architectures as the new dominant design paradigm. Harnessing the full power of such computers requires writing multithreaded programs, but regardless of whether one is writing a program from scratch or porting an existing single-threaded program, concurrency is hard to implement correctly and often reduces the legibility and maintainability of the source code. Single-threaded programs are easier to write, understand, and verify. Parallelizing compilers offer one solution by automatically transforming sequential programs into parallel programs. Assisting the programmer with challenging tasks like this (or other optimizations), however, causes compilers to be highly complex. This leads to bugs that add unexpected behaviors to compiled programs in ways that are very difficult to test. Formal compiler verification adds a rigorous mathematical proof of correctness to a compiler, which provides high assurance that successfully compiled programs preserve the behaviors of the source program such that bugs are not introduced. However, no parallelizing compiler has been formally verified. We lay the groundwork for verified parallelizing compilers by developing a general theory to prove the soundness of parallelizing transformations. Using this theory, we prove the soundness of a framework of small, generic transformations that compose together to build optimizations that are correct by construction. We demonstrate it by implementing several classic and cutting-edge loop-parallelizing optimizations: DOALL, DOACROSS, and Decoupled Software Pipelining. Two of our main contributions are the development and proof of a general parallelizing transformation and a transformation that coinductively folds a transformation over a potentially nonterminating loop, which we compose together to parallelize loops. Our third contribution is an exploration of the theory behind the correctness of parallelization, where we consider the preservation of nondeterminism and develop bisimulation-based proof techniques. Our proofs have been mechanically checked by the Coq Proof Assistant. iii
Cytotoxicity evaluation of haloperidol, clozapine and a new molecule with antipsychotic potential, PT-31, in NIH-3T3 cells

Schizophrenia is an illness that affects 26 million people worldwide. However, conventional antipsychotics present side effects and toxicity, highlighting the need for new antipsychotics. We aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of haloperidol (HAL), clozapine (CLO), and a new molecule with antipsychotic potential, PT-31, in NIH-3T3 cells. The neutral red uptake assay and the MTT assay were performed to evaluate cell viability and mitochondrial activity, morphological changes were assessed, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection was performed. HAL and CLO (0.1 μM) showed a decrease in cell viability in the neutral red uptake assay and in the MTT assay. In addition, cell detachment, content decrease, rounding and cell death were also observed at 0.1 μM for both antipsychotics. An increase in ROS was observed for HAL (0.001, 0.01 and 1 μM) and CLO (0.01 and 1 μM). PT-31 did not alter cell viability in any of the assays, although it increased ROS at 0.01 and 1 μM. HAL and CLO present cytotoxicity at 0.1 μM, possibly through apoptosis and necrosis. In contrast, PT-31 does not present cytotoxicity to NIH-3T3 cells. Further studies must be performed for a better understanding of these mechanisms and the potential risk of conventional antipsychotics.