Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Choroidal thickness and vascular microstructure parameters in Chinese school-age children with high hyperopia using optical coherence tomography

Background The current study was to evaluate the choroidal thickness (CT) and vascular microstructure parameters in Chinese children with high hyperopia through enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Methods Cross-sectional study. A total of 23 children with high hyperopia and 29 children with normal refractive status were retrospectively enrolled in the study. The measurement of the macular CT, 7 points: the sub-foveal area point, the temporal and nasal points at a radius of 0.5-mm, 1.5-mm, and 3-mm were measured. After binarization of the OCT images, the total choroidal area (TCA), stromal area (SA) as well as the luminal area (LA) were identified and measured. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was defined as the ratio of LA to TCA. The independent t-test for normal distributions and Kruskal-Wallis tests for non-normal distributions were used to compare other parameters between groups. The Tamhane's T2 test was performed to adjust for multiple comparisons between groups within each analysis. Results The subfoveal CT (SFCT) in the high hypermetropic group was significantly thicker than that in normal controls (309.22 ± 53.14 μm vs. 291.27 ± 38.27 μm; P = 0.019). At 0.5 mm, 1.5 mm, and 3.0 mm in diameter, the nasal choroidal sectors of the high hyperopia eyes were significantly thicker than that of the control (P < 0.05). There was significant difference in the choroidal vascular parameters. TCA and LA in the high hyperopia eyes was significantly larger than that of the normal control eyes (3078129.54 ± 448271.18 μm2 vs. 2765218.17 ± 317827.19 μm2, 1926819.54 ± 229817.56 μm2 vs. 1748817.18 ± 191827.98 μm2; P = 0.009, P = 0.011; Table 2). SA values were 1086287.55 ± 212712.11 um2 in the high hyperopia eyes and 999712.71 ± 209838.12 μm2 in the control eyes. The CVI and LA/SA ratio values were differed significantly in the two groups (P = 0.019, P = 0.030, respectively). AL was significantly correlated with SFCT (r = −0.325, P = 0.047), but not significantly correlated with other parameters. Spherical equivalent (SE) was significantly correlated with AL and SFCT (r = −0.711, r = 0.311; P = 0.001, P = 0.016), whereas no significant association between sphere and other parameters. Conclusion The choroidal structure of the high hyperopia eyes was different from the normal control eyes. The thicker SFCT, higher LA, and TCA were characteristic of high hyperopia eyes. Choroidal blood flow may be decreased in amblyopic eyes. SFCT of high hyperopia children abnormally increased and correlated with shorter AL and higher SE. AL and SE affect choroidal structure and vascular density.
Physical inactivity before stroke is associated with dependency in basic activities of daily living 3 months after stroke

Background Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases, including stroke. Moreover, physical inactivity before stroke is associated with stroke severity, which, in turn, can cause disability. However, it remains unclear whether physical inactivity before stroke is associated with dependency in basic activities of daily living (ADL). Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate whether physical inactivity before stroke influences ADL dependency 3 months after stroke. Methods This longitudinal study was based on data from three Swedish registries. Patients with acute stroke who were admitted to the Sahlgrenska University Hospital between 9 November 2014 and 30 June 2019 were included in the study. Baseline data were collected from the three stroke units, and self-reported questionnaires were used to collect 3-month follow-up data. Physical inactivity before stroke was the primary independent variable that was self-reported using the Saltin–Grimby physical activity level scale. ADL dependency was a composite measure of three tasks: mobility, dressing, and toilet use. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to explain the association between physical inactivity before stroke and basic ADL 3 months after stroke. Results In total, 3,472 patients were included in the study. The median age was 75 years, 49% of the patients were physically inactive before stroke, and 75% had a mild stroke. ADL dependency at follow-up was reported to be 32%. Physically inactive patients, compared with physically active patients, had 2.35 times higher odds for ADL dependency 3 months after stroke (odds ratio 2.30 [95% CI 1.89 – 2.80]). The model correctly classified 84% of the patients (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.84 [95% CI, 0.83 – 0.86]). Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that physical inactivity before stroke is associated with dependency in basic ADL 3 months after stroke. In addition, older age, female sex, pre-stroke living conditions, need for help, previous stroke, and admission stroke severity are significant contributors to dependency.
miR-514a promotes neuronal development in human iPSC-derived neurons

Proper development and function of the central nervous system require precise regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small non-coding RNAs that can negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, are critical regulators of neuronal development, and dysregulation of microRNAs has been implicated in various neurological disorders. Changes in microRNA expression and repertoire are related to the emergence of social and behavioral variations in closely related primates, including humans, during evolution. MicroRNA-514a (miR-514a) is an X-linked miRNA that is conserved in species with higher social and cognitive functions, and frequent tandem duplications of miR-514a have been found in primate genomes. Here, we demonstrate that miR-514a plays a crucial role in neuronal development in neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Overexpression of miR-514a increased dendritic length, soma size, and activity levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, whereas blocking of endogenous miR-514a inhibited neuronal development. Furthermore, we performed a functional analysis of the miR-514a variation found during primate evolution, to investigate the impact of miR-514a sequence variation and associated changes in expression on brain development during evolution. We found that mutation in miR-514a significantly reduced the expression of the mature form and abolished the effects observed when native miR-514a was expressed. Our findings provide new insights into the functional role of miR-514a in the regulation of neuronal development and evolution of primate brain development.
Evolution in dilute diblock‐copolymer melts

We consider diblock copolymer melts in the regime that the volume fraction of one component is small. In this regime microphase separation results in the formation of a large number of small spherical particles. We present here a simple method to derive effective evolution equations for the motion of such particles that is based on the gradient flow structure of the underlying free boundary problem (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A bivariate optimal replacement policy for a cold standby repairable system with repair priority

In this article, an optimal replacement policy for a cold standby repairable system consisting of two dissimilar components with repair priority is studied. Assume that both Components 1 and 2, after repair, are not as good as new, and the main component (Component 1) has repair priority. Both the sequence of working times and that of the components'repair times are generated by geometric processes. We consider a bivariate replacement policy (T,N) in which the system is replaced when either cumulative working time of Component 1 reaches T, or the number of failures of Component 1 reaches N, whichever occurs first. The problem is to determine the optimal replacement policy (T,N)* such that the long run average loss per unit time (or simply the average loss rate) of the system is minimized. An explicit expression of this rate is derived, and then optimal policy (T,N)* can be numerically determined through a two‐dimensional‐search procedure. A numerical example is given to illustrate the model's applicability and procedure, and to illustrate some properties of the optimal solution. We also show that if replacements are made solely on the basis of the number of failures N, or solely on the basis of the cumulative working time T, the former class of policies performs better than the latter, albeit only under some mild conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
Almost periodic homogeneous linear difference systems without almost periodic solutions

Almost periodic homogeneous linear difference systems are considered. It is supposed that the coefficient matrices belong to a group. The aim was to find such groups that the systems having no non-trivial almost periodic solution form a dense subset of the set of all considered systems. A closer examination of the used methods reveals that the problem can be treated in such a generality that the entries of coefficient matrices are allowed to belong to any complete metric field. The concepts of transformable and strongly transformable groups of matrices are introduced, and these concepts enable us to derive efficient conditions for determining what matrix groups have the required property.
Plastic analysis of torsion of a prismatic beam

Finite element formulation for stress analysis of a twisting beam is developed. The formulation is effective for a prismatic beam with solid section as well as a thin-walled beam, and can be applied both to a pure-torsion problem and a warping-torsion problem. The formulation is of a great advantage to an elastic-plastic torsion problem. The formulation does not stand on the assumption of a thin-walled structure, and therefore torsional rigidity of the section can be evaluated exactly without using the so-called Saint-Venant's torsional constant. Torsional rigidity is, in this paper, evaluated directly by a warping function of the section. Warping function is evaluated numerically due to shape of the section, due to progress of plastic region and due to effect of finite displacement (finite rotation, small strain). Pure-torsion and warping-torsion of a rectangular beam and an H-beam, which have an elastic-plastic material property, are analysed, and the extension to the finite displacement problem is discussed. Many numerical examples are provided in order to check the accuracy of the formulation.
On the spectrum of atmospheric velocity fluctuations seen by MST/ST radar and their interpretation

We consider the observations of the spectrum of atmospheric motions over the range of periods from a few minutes to many hours that have been made with ST/MST radars in the past 5 years. This range of periods includes the periods associated with buoyancy waves and the scale of atmospheric motions often referred to by meteorologists as the mesoscale. We consider the spectra of both horizontal and vertical velocities and examine their interpretation in terms of buoyancy wave theory and turbulence theory. To help in interpreting these spectra we present some recently determined aircraft wavenumber spectra. It is found that radar and aircraft horizontal wind spectra are in reasonable accord with expectations from quasi two-dimensional turbulence theory. The vertical velocity spectra are believed to be due to waves. Comparison of the energy levels and shapes of the horizontal and vertical velocity spectra are not consistent with existing models of internal wave spectra. However, it is possible that these inconsistencies arise from Doppler-shifting effects that are not taken into account in existing internal wave models. Nevertheless, we stress that all the observations we have examined support the hypothesis that quasi two-dimensional turbulence coexists with a nearly universal spectrum of buoyancy waves.
Resonant acoustic scattering by swimbladder‐bearing fisha)

A new model of swimbladder‐bearing fish has been developed in order to provide improved predictions of the resonance frequency and acoustic cross section of such a fish. The model consists of a small spherical shell in water, enclosing an air cavity which supports a surface tension. The shell is a viscous, heat‐conducting Newtonian fluid, with the physical properties of fish flesh. A comparison of the results obtained with the new model to experimental data indicates that the new model constitutes a definite improvement over previous models. The new model can predict the high values of damping and elevated resonance frequencies that previous models could not. The model appears to be most accurate for fish in which tension in the swimbladder wall has a minor effect on resonant scattering. This includes the fish which are of interest in studies of volume reverberation, and the new model should therefore be of considerable value in such studies.
Artificial DNA nanostructure detection using solution-processed In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors

A method for detecting artificial DNA using solution-processed In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) was developed. The IGZO TFT had a field-effect mobility (μFET) of 0.07 cm2/Vs and an on-current (Ion) value of about 2.68 μA. A dry-wet method was employed to immobilize double-crossover (DX) DNA onto the IGZO surface. After DX DNA immobilization, significant decreases in μFET (0.02 cm2/Vs) and Ion (0.247 μA) and a positive shift of threshold voltage were observed. These results were attributed to the negatively charged phosphate groups on the DNA backbone, which generated electrostatic interactions in the TFT device.A method for detecting artificial DNA using solution-processed In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) was developed. The IGZO TFT had a field-effect mobility (μFET) of 0.07 cm2/Vs and an on-current (Ion) value of about 2.68 μA. A dry-wet method was employed to immobilize double-crossover (DX) DNA onto the IGZO surface. After DX DNA immobilization, significant decreases in μFET (0.02 cm2/Vs) and Ion (0.247 μA) and a positive shift of threshold voltage were observed. These results were attributed to the negatively charged phosphate groups on the DNA backbone, which generated electrostatic interactions in the TFT device.
Mg II Absorption Systems in Sloan Digital Sky Survey QSO Spectra

We present the results of a Mg II λλ2796, 2803 absorption-line survey using QSO spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Early Data Release. Over 1300 doublets with rest equivalent widths greater than 0.3 Å and redshifts 0.366 ≤ z ≤ 2.269 were identified and measured. We find that the λ2796 rest equivalent width (W) distribution is described very well by an exponential function ∂N/∂W = e, with N* = 1.187 ± 0.052 and W* = 0.702 ± 0.017 Å. Previously reported power-law fits drastically overpredict the number of strong lines. Extrapolating our exponential fit underpredicts the number of W ≤ 0.3 Å systems, indicating a transition in ∂N/∂W near W ≃ 0.3 Å. A combination of two exponentials reproduces the observed distribution well, suggesting that Mg II absorbers are the superposition of at least two physically distinct populations of absorbing clouds. We also derive a new redshift parameterization for the number density of W ≥ 0.3 Å lines: N* = 1.001 ± 0.132 (1 + z)0.226±0.170 and W* = 0.443 ± 0.032 (1 + z)0.634±0.097 Å. We find that the distribution steepens with decreasing redshift, with W* decreasing from 0.80 ± 0.04 Å at z = 1.6 to 0.59 ± 0.02 Å at z = 0.7. The incidence of moderately strong (0.4 Å ≲ W ≲ 2 Å) Mg II λ2796 lines does not show evidence for evolution with redshift. However, lines stronger than ≈2 Å show a decrease relative to the no-evolution prediction with decreasing redshift for z ≲ 1. The evolution is stronger for increasingly stronger lines. Since W0 in saturated absorption lines is an indicator of the velocity spread of the absorbing clouds, we interpret this as an evolution in the kinematic properties of galaxies from moderate to low redshift. Monte Carlo simulations do not reveal any strong systematic effects or biases in our results. While more recent SDSS QSO spectra offer the opportunity to increase the Mg II absorber sample by another order of magnitude, systematic errors in line identification and measurement will begin to dominate in the determination of absorber property statistics.
X-ray diffraction study of stacking faults in a single crystal of 2H SiC

The nature of random stacking faults in a heavily disordered single crystal of 2H SiC has been investigated by studying the broadening of X-ray diffraction maxima. The intensity distribution along the 10.l reciprocal lattice row was recorded on a four-circle, computer-controlled single crystal diffractometer. The 10.l reflections with l even were found to be considerably broadened showing that the stacking faults present are predominantly intrinsic faults. Exact expressions for the diffracted intensity and the observable diffraction effects were obtained. The results obtained are compared with those obtained for 2H ZnS crystals.
A Review of Fusion Methods for Omics and Imaging Data

The development of omics data and biomedical images has greatly advanced the progress of precision medicine in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The fusion of omics and imaging data, i.e., omics-imaging fusion, offers a new strategy for understanding complex diseases. However, due to a variety of issues such as the limited number of samples, high dimensionality of features, and heterogeneity of different data types, efficiently learning complementary or associated discriminative fusion information from omics and imaging data remains a challenge. Recently, numerous machine learning methods have been proposed to alleviate these problems. In this review, from the perspective of fusion levels and fusion methods, we first provide an overview of preprocessing and feature extraction methods for omics and imaging data, and comprehensively analyze and summarize the basic forms and variations of commonly used and newly emerging fusion methods, along with their advantages, disadvantages and the applicable scope. We then describe public datasets and compare experimental results of various fusion methods on the ADNI and TCGA datasets. Finally, we discuss future prospects and highlight remaining challenges in the field.
Community-Aware Social Recommendation: A Unified SCSVD Framework

Recommender system provides personalized suggestions based on users’ interests and social connections. However, most existing social recommendation models utilize social relationships in a direct manner, i.e., they only consider the user-user connections, neglecting the clustering nature of social networks. As social information recursively spreads in the social network, the community structure, which contains richer information in contrast to pure user-user relationships, would emerge. To dismiss these limitations, in this paper, we propose a unified recommendation framework named Simultaneous Community detection and Singular Value Decomposition (SCSVD), which utilizes the underlying community structure to regularize user latent preferences. We propose a well-designed iterative optimization algorithm to tackle social recommendation efficiently. In addition, we theoretically analyze the proposed algorithm in terms of convergence, time complexity, and also the unified process of community detection and user embedding learning. Extensive experiments are conducted on three benchmark real-world datasets of product reviews, demonstrating the effectiveness, robustness, and flexibility of SCSVD in both rating prediction and top-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="chen-ieq1-3117686.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> recommendation tasks, compared to fifteen state-of-the-art approaches.
Timely Thermal Runaway Prognosis for Battery Systems in Real-World Electric Vehicles Based on Temperature Abnormality

Hundreds of thermal-runaway-induced battery fire accidents have been occurring to real-world electric vehicles (EVs) in recent years, exposing life to danger and causing property losses. Timely and fast battery thermal runaway prognosis is essential but restricted by limited parameters and complex influencing factors during real-world operation of EVs, i.e., environment, driving behavior, and weather. To cope with the issue, several data-driven methods are combined, and the thermal runaway prognosis is realized by two steps, i.e., temperature prediction by the modified extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and then abnormality detection by the principal component analysis (PCA) and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). The XGBoost is modified and trained by data of real-world EVs to couple the influencing factors during the real-world operation of EVs. For parameter optimization, the “pretraining and adjacent grid optimizing method” (P-AGOM) and the “adjacent grid optimizing method” (AGOM) are proposed to achieve locally optimal hyperparameters for XGBoost and DBSCAN. Verified results showcase that the XGBoost-PCA-DBSCAN achieves accurate 5-min-forward temperature prediction, and the mean square errors (mses) of four seasons are only 0.0729, 0.0594, 0.0747, and 0.0523, respectively. By modification of XGBoost, the mse of temperature prediction is reduced by 31.2%. In addition, the 35-min-forward thermal runaway prognosis by the XGBoost-PCA-DBSCAN will provide the driver sufficient response time to minimize the loss of life and property.
Prognostic value of “tissue-based” definitions of TIA and minor stroke

Objective Since use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) positivity in the “tissue-based” definition of stroke in patients with a clinical TIA is supported by the high associated 90-day risk of recurrent stroke, we aimed to determine long-term prognostic significance, stratified by etiologic subtype, and whether the same tissue-based distinction is predictive in minor strokes. Methods Consecutive eligible patients with TIA or minor stroke (NIH Stroke Scale [NIHSS] ≤3) in the population-based Oxford Vascular Study underwent brain MRI at baseline. Stroke risk on 10-year follow-up was stratified by NIHSS (0/1 vs 2/3) and Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification of the initial event. Results Among 1,033 patients (633 TIA; 400 minor stroke), 248 (24.0%) had acute lesions on DWI (13.9% of TIAs; 40.0% of minor strokes). A positive DWI was associated with an increased 10-year risk of recurrent ischemic stroke after an index TIA (hazard ratio [HR] 2.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–5.54, p = 0.009) or a stroke with NIHSS 0–1 (3.03, 1.29–7.08, p = 0.011), but not after a stroke with NIHSS 2–3 (0.70, 0.24–2.10, p = 0.53). Ischemic stroke risk after DWI-positive TIA was at least equivalent to that after DWI-negative stroke (1.81, 0.82–4.00, p = 0.14). Among all patients, DWI positivity was most predictive of 10-year risk after cryptogenic events (4.68, 1.70–12.92, p = 0.003). Conclusion DWI positivity is associated with an increased long-term risk of recurrent stroke after TIA and minor stroke, supporting a tissue-based definition of minor stroke as well as TIA. Prognostic value is greatest after cryptogenic events.