Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is there any relationship between red blood cell distribution width and prognosis of brain death?

Background: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that RDW (red blood cell distribution width) may independently predict clinically important outcomes in many populations. However, the role of RDW has not been elucidated in brain death. We conducted this study with the aim of evaluating the predictive value of RDW in brain death. Methods: A retrospective study of seventy-seven of brain death cases during 36 months were evaluated at university hospitals, affiliated in Tehran, Iran. Demographical data include age, sex, BMI and cause of brain death, also laboratory results (red blood cell distribution, mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin) collected by checklists from patient records. Having the three RDW measurements (days of hospital admission, day of brain death, and day of cardiac arrest) required. Results: Time interval from hospital admission until brain death was 5.27±4.07. The mean age of brain death cases was 32.65±16.53. The mean RDW values on days of hospital admission, the day of brain death, and the day of cardiac arrest were 14.53±1.98, 15.12±1.93 and 15.18±2.07, respectively. Results of the repeated-measures ANOVA test reveal that RDW level was constantly higher in the traumatic patient group compared to the non-traumatic ones (P=0.008). Conclusion: The frequency of brain death was high in patients with high RDW values. RDW might be a prognostic biomarker for brain death. More prospective studies with large sample size and long follow-up period should be carried out to determine the prognostic significance of RDW and brain death in future.
Optical characterisation of two novel myopia control spectacle lenses

To quantify the amount of myopic defocus, contrast modulation and other optical characteristics of two novel spectacle lenses (MiYOSMART by Hoya and Stellest by Essilor) with the inclusion of lenslets in their designs were investigated computationally and experimentally. This paper examined the hypothesis that despite the non‐coaxial nature of the optics, image degradation will exist due to the fragmented nature of the base optic when imaging through the lens regions populated by lenslets.
Dust in brown dwarfs - III. Formation and structure of quasi-static cloud layers

In this paper, first solutions of the dust moment equations developed in (Woitke & Helling 2003) for the description of dust formation and precipitation in brown dwarf and giant gas planet atmospheres are presented. We consider the special case of a static brown dwarf atmosphere, where dust particles continuously nucleate from the gas phase, grow by the accre- tion of molecules, settle gravitationally and re-evaporate thermally. Mixing by convective overshoot is assumed to replenish the atmosphere with condensable elements, which is necessary to counterbalance the loss of condensable elements by dust formation and gravitational settling (no dust without mixing). Applying a kinetic description of the relevant microphysical and chemical processes for TiO2-grains, the model makes predictions about the large-scale stratification of dust in the atmosphere, the depletion of molecules from the gas phase, the supersaturation of the gas in the atmosphere as well as the mean size and the mass fraction of dust grains as function of depth. Our results suggest that the presence of relevant amounts of dust is re- stricted to a layer, where the upper boundary (cloud deck) is related to the requirement of a minimum mixing activity (mixing time-scale τmix ≈ 10 6 s) and the lower boundary (cloud base) is determined by the thermodynamical stability of the grains. The nucleation occurs around the cloud deck where the gas is cool, strongly depleted, but nevertheless highly supersaturated (S � 1). These particles settle gravitationally and populate the warmer layers below, where the in situ formation (nucleation) is ineffective or even not possible. During their descent, the particles grow and reach mean radii of ≈30 µm . 400 µm at the cloud base, but the majority of the particles in the cloud layer remains much smaller. Finally, the dust grains sink into layers which are sufficiently hot to cause their thermal evaporation. Hence, an effective transport mechanism for condensable elements exists in brown dwarfs, which depletes the gas above and enriches the gas below the cloud base of a considered solid/liquid material. The dust-to-gas mass fraction in the cloud layer results to be approximately given by the mass fraction of condensable elements in the gas being mixed up. Only for artificially reduced mixing we find a self-regulation mechanism that approximately installs phase equilibrium (S ≈ 1) in a limited region around the cloud base.
Approximation of periodic queues

In this paper we demonstrate how some characteristics of queues with the periodic Poisson arrivals can be approximated by the respective characteristics in queues with Markov modulated input. These Markov modulated queues were recently studied by Regterschot and de Smit (1984). The approximation theorems are given in terms of the weak convergence of some characteristics and their uniform integrability. The approximations are applicable for the following characteristics: mean workload, mean workload at the time of day, mean delay, mean queue size.
Resonant Behavior and Fluctuating Energy Storage in Coronal Loops

The energy balance at large scales in a coronal loop is investigated, using an analytical approach based on the reduced magnetohydrodynamic equations and a simplified model of the loop. The dynamics is regulated by two phenomena: the resonance excited by motions at the loop basis, which stores energy within the loop; and nonlinear couplings, which move energy toward smaller scales. The former phenomenon is studied using a linearized dissipative model; the properties of resonant modes are derived, and the input energy flux is found to be independent of dissipation. The spectral energy flux to small scales is calculated assuming local mode interactions and taking into account the space and time dependence of resonant modes. This flux is determined by interactions among fluctuations at the same order of resonance and the zero-frequency (DC) velocity fluctuation. The DC magnetic field fluctuations do not influence the spectral flux, although they dominate the large-scale fluctuations. An estimate for the velocity fluctuation in the loop is derived from the energy balance, finding an agreement with measures of nonthermal velocity in the solar corona. A peculiar form of the fluctuation spectrum is inferred, formed by an injection range at large scales, a preinertial range where magnetic energy dominates kinetic energy, an inertial range where the turbulence behaves as in an unbounded system, and a dissipative range. These analytical results are compared with those of a numerical model, finding a good agreement, and are discussed with respect to those of previous works.
A Reevaluation of the Excitation Mechanism of LINERs

We present high-quality spectra of a sample of 13 low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs) observed in the range ∼3400-9800 A at ∼5-8 A resolution. Starlight removal is achieved by the subtraction of a suitable absorption-line template galaxy, allowing accurate measurement of emission lines. We use the line fluxes to examine several candidates for the excitation mechanism of those LINERs whose emission-line gas is largely confined to radii ≤200 pc. We find that photoionization by a nonstellar ionizing continuum provides the best overall explanation for the spectra over the optical-to-near-infrared region
Device model for single carrier organic diodes

We present a unified device model for single layer organic light emitting diodes (LEDs) which includes charge injection, transport, and space charge effects in the organic material. The model can describe both injection limited and space charge limited current flow and the transition between them. We specifically considered cases in which the energy barrier to injection of electrons is much larger than that for holes so that holes dominate the current flow in the device. Charge injection into the organic material occurs by thermionic emission and by tunneling. For Schottky energy barriers less than about 0.3–0.4 eV, for typical organic LED device parameters, the current flow is space charge limited and the electric field in the structure is highly nonuniform. For larger energy barriers the current flow is injection limited. In the injection limited regime, the net injected charge is relatively small, the electric field is nearly uniform, and space charge effects are not important. At smaller bias in the injection limited regime, thermionic emission is the dominant injection mechanism. For this case the thermionic emissioninjection current and a backward flowing interface recombination current, which is the time reversed process of thermionic emission, combine to establish a quasi-equilibrium carrier density. The quasi-equilibrium density is bias dependent because of image force lowering of the injection barrier. The net device current is determined by the drift of these carriers in the nearly constant electric field. The net device current is much smaller than either the thermionic emission or interface recombination current which nearly cancel. At higher bias, injection is dominated by tunneling. The bias at which tunneling exceeds thermionic emission depends on the size of the Schottky energy barrier. When tunneling is the dominant injection mechanism, a combination of tunnelinginjection current and the backflowing interface recombination current combine to establish the carrier density. We compare the model results with experimental measurements on devices fabricated using the electroluminescent conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy, 5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] which by changing the contacts can show either injection limited behavior or space charge limited behavior.
Safety evaluation of axicabtagene ciloleucel for relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma

ABSTRACT Introduction CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a highly effective therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) and three CD19 CAR T-cell products (axicabtagene ciloleucel, tisagenlecleucel and lisocabtagene maraleucel) are currently approved for this indication. Despite the clinical benefit of CD19 directed CAR T-cell therapy, this treatment is associated with significant morbidity from treatment-emergent toxicities. Areas covered This Review discusses the safety considerations of axicabtagene ciloleucel in patients with LBCL. This includes discussion of the frequently observed immune-mediated toxicities of cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. Additionally, we review CAR T-cell therapy related cytopenias, infection, organ dysfunction and the more recently described hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Expert Opinion A thorough understanding of the toxicities associated with CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy will facilitate the optimal selection of patients for this therapy. Furthermore, knowledge of preventative measures of CAR T-cell related complications, and early recognition and appropriate intervention will lead to the safe administration of these therapies, and ultimately improved outcomes for our patients.
Low surface brightness galaxies

A program to investigate the properties of low surface brightness galaxies involving surface photometry in U, B, V, R, I and Ha, HI imaging with the WSRT and the VLA and spectrophotometry of HII regions in LSB galaxies is underway. The goal is to verify the idea that LSB galaxies have low star formation rates because the local gas density falls below the critical density for star formation, and to study the stellar population and abundances in LSB galaxies. Such information should help understanding the evolutionary history of LSB galaxies. Here we report some preliminary results. Introduction and Observations. Low Surface Brightness (LSB) galaxies are galaxies whose light distribution is dominated by an exponential disk, which does not reach the canonical 21.6 mag arcsec ~ central surface brightness that normal galaxies appear to exhibit (Freeman 1970, see also van der Kruit 1987). LSB galaxies have central surface brightnesses that are typically 1 2 mag arcsec ~ fainter, and have a very low current star formation activity. Studies to date of a few LSB galaxies appear to favor the idea that after an initial phase of global star formation LSB galaxies have not been actively forming stars for the last few billion years and are just faded disks. The low gas densities found in a few cases (van der Hulst et al. 1987) and probably low metallicities (Webster et al. 1983, McGaugh 1992) support this idea. In order to quantify more systematically the current gas content, star formation rate and stellar population we began a systematic program to observe a sample of about 20 galaxies in U, B, V, R, I and Hoat the 2.5-m Isaac Newton telescope at la Palma, and in the 21-cm HI line with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) and the Very large Array (VLA). In addition we recently obtained spectra of HII regions in about 10 LSB galaxies using the 4.3-m William Herschel Telescope at la Palma to estimate abundances. The 20 galaxies have been drawn from the new samples of Schombert and Bothun (1988) and Schombert et al. (1992). Results and Discussion. The HI distributions are fairly normal, but exhibit low pea.k column densities. Typical values are 4 S M0 pc~, systematically lower than what is found in normal galaxies 92 https://ntrs.nasa. gov/search.jsp? R=19930017561 2018-07-24T12:09:25+00:00Z
Cortical thickness and diffusion tensor imaging in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus, with normal structure on brain MRI

Objectives Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is associated with adverse outcomes; however, imaging abnormalities are only detectable by conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in up to 50% of patients. This study investigated the variability in cortical thickness and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters among patients with NPSLE whose brain morphology appeared normal on conventional MRI. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 27 female patients with NPSLE (median age: 41.0 years, range: 22–63 years) and 34 female healthy controls (median age: 37.0 years, range: 24–55 years). None exhibited evident abnormalities on conventional MRI. Regional volumes, cortical thickness, and DTI parameters, including fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), were compared. Age-adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to detect significant NPSLE-associated differences. Results No significant differences in grey or white matter volume fractions were observed between the groups. However, the NPSLE group demonstrated significant cortical thinning in the right pars opercularis (2.45 vs 2.52 mm, p = 0.007), reduced FA values in the fornix (0.35 vs 0.40, p = 0.001) and left anterior limb of internal capsule (0.50 vs 0.52, p = 0.012), and increased MD in the fornix (1.71 vs 1.48, p = 0.009) and left posterior corona radiata (0.80 vs 0.76, p = 0.005) compared with those of healthy controls. Conclusions Cortical thickness measurements and DTI analyses can be used to detect differential variations in patients with NPSLE who exhibit an otherwise normal brain structure on conventional MRI, indicating the existence of subtle changes despite the absence of obvious macrostructural central nervous system involvement of lupus.
Evolution of sleep‐disordered breathing and blood pressure during menopausal transition

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the blood pressure increase observed during menopausal transition is affected by sleep‐disordered breathing and the menopause itself. Further, we aimed to find new sleep‐disordered breathing related markers that would predict the development of hypertension. Sixty‐four community‐dwelling premenopausal women aged 45–47 years were studied. Polysomnography, serum follicle stimulating hormone, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and a physical examination were performed at baseline and again after 10 years of follow‐up. Indices for sleep apnea/hypopnea and inspiratory flow‐limitation were determined. Regression models were used to study the relationships between variables. Changes in the apnea‐hypopnea index or serum follicle stimulating hormone were not significant for blood pressure change. An increase in morning blood pressure during the follow‐up period was associated with a body mass‐index increase. An increase in evening blood pressure was associated with an increase in inspiratory flow‐limitation during non‐rapid eye movement sleep. Incident hypertension during the follow‐up was associated with hypopnea (median hypopnea index 7.6/h, p = 0.048) during rapid eye movement sleep at baseline. Users of menopausal hormone therapy had a lower rapid eye movement sleep apnea‐hypopnea index (1.6/h vs. 6.9/h, p = 0.026) at baseline whereas at follow‐up users and non‐users did not differ in any way. The progression of menopause or the use of menopausal hormone therapy had a minimal effect on blood pressure in our population. The effects of inspiratory flow‐limitation on blood pressure profile should be studied further.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Screening Delays

PURPOSE To examine delays in cancer screenings during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Participants from previous studies (N = 32,989) with permissions to be recontacted were invited to complete a survey between June and November 2020. Participants (n = 7,115) who met the age range for cancer screenings were included. Participants were asked if they planned to have and then if they postponed a scheduled mammogram, Pap test, stool blood test, colonoscopy, or human papillomavirus (HPV) test. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with cancer screening delays for each planned test. RESULTS The average age was 57.3 years, 75% were female, 89% were non-Hispanic White, 14% had public insurance, and 34% lived in rural counties. Those who planned cancer screenings (n = 4,266, 60%) were younger, more likely to be female, with higher education, had private insurance, and lived in rural counties. Specifically, 24% delayed a mammogram (n = 732/2,986), 27% delayed a Pap test (n = 448/1,651), 27% delayed an HPV test (n = 59/220), 11% delayed a stool blood test (n = 44/388), and 36% delayed a colonoscopy (n = 304/840). Age, race/ethnicity, education, and health insurance were associated with delays in cancer screenings (all P < .05). Compared with non-Hispanic White women, non-Hispanic Black women had lower odds of delaying a mammogram (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.94), Hispanic women had higher odds of delaying Pap test (OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.34 to 4.55), and women with other race/ethnicity had higher odds of delaying both Pap test (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.41 to 4.02) and HPV test (OR, 5.37; 95% CI, 1.44 to 19.97). CONCLUSION Our findings highlighted the urgency for health care providers to address the significant delays in cancer screenings in those most likely to delay. Strategies and resources are needed to help those with barriers to receiving guideline-appropriate cancer screening.
Core Formation in Earth's Moon, Mars, and Vesta

Stimulated by new experimental results on metal/silicate partitioning of elements at elevated temperatures and pressures, we have revisited the question of core formation in Earth's Moon, Mars, and Vesta (the probable source of the eucritic meteorites). Earlier studies suggested metal/silicate equilibrium in Mars, but led to the paradox that Mars accreted homogeneously while the Earth accreted heterogeneously. Using new elevated pressure and temperature metal/silicate partition coefficients, we show that abundances of the moderately siderophile elements in the mantles of the Moon, Mars and Vesta are consistent with early magma oceans on these bodies. The most successful model for explaining the lunar mantle siderophile element abundances requires a core of 5% of the mass of the Moon (500-km radius). Siderophile element abundances in Mars are consistent with intermediate pressure metal–silicate equilibrium, as has also been recently suggested for the Earth. The most successful model for explaining the martian siderophile element abundances requires a bulk planetary composition that has greater than CI chondritic abundances of the moderately siderophile elements, and a core of 30% of the mass of Mars. Siderophile element abundances in the mantle of Vesta are consistent with low pressure liquid metal–liquid silicate equilibrium, as expected for an asteroid-sized body, and a core of 10% of the mass of Vesta. Comparison of our best-fit oxygen fugacities for Vesta with thermodynamic calculations of oxygen fugacity for silicate-bearing iron meteorites indicates that parts of the inner solar system were homogeneous with respect to redox state at 4.5 Ga, approximately 2 log fO2units below the Fe–FeO buffer—much higher than estimates for the solar nebula. Similar comparisons for Mars and the Earth indicate that these bodies have undergone oxidation since 4.5 Ga, because the oxygen fugacities associated with metal–silicate equilibrium in both Mars and the Earth–Moon system are much lower than those recorded in martian and terrestrial basaltic and periodotitic samples. The oxidation on Mars is most likely due to atmospheric effects, whereas Earth's much wider range of oxygen fugacities must be due to both atmospheric and plate tectonic effects.
Molecular disparity of HLA‐DPB1 is associated with the development of subsequent solid cancer after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

An increased incidence of subsequent solid cancers (SSCs) has been reported in long‐term survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT), and SSC is associated with inferior mortality and morbidity. Previous studies showed that the incidence of SSC is significantly higher in those who underwent allo‐HSCT from HLA‐mismatched donors, suggesting that persistent alloimmunity may predispose patients to SSCs. It was recently reported that, in a cohort of patients who received allo‐HSCT from an unrelated donor matched at HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1/3/4/5, and ‐DQB1 loci, HLA‐DPB1 alloimmunity determined by high mismatched eplets (MEs) and Predicted Indirectly Recognizable HLA Epitopes (PIRCHE) score (PS), was associated with relapse protection and increased risk of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD).
Heat Transfer Performance of an Edge-Shaped Finned Tube

The third-generation heat transfer technologies, such as three-dimensional fin and dimple, are still important means of improving energy efficiency and will continue to be challenging issues. This paper presents condensation heat transfer performance of an edge-shaped finned tube fabricated by a ploughing–extruding process. The edge-shaped finned tube integrates more than one heat transfer enhancement technology and can enhance the heat transfer capacity greatly. It is seen that the overall heat transfer coefficient and heat flux increase with inlet velocity of cold water increasing, and decrease with inlet temperature of cold water increasing, whereas the shell-side heat transfer coefficient decreases with inlet velocity of cold water increasing and increases with inlet temperature of cold water increasing. At the same inlet velocity, the shell-side heat transfer coefficient for the edge-shaped finned tube is improved by 5–7 times compared to that of a smooth tube. At the same temperature difference between wall and vapor, the shell-side heat transfer coefficient is also higher than what had been reported in the literature. The shell-side heat transfer coefficient of the edge-shaped finned tube decreases with the increase of fabrication parameter feed at the same inlet velocity or inlet temperature of cold water.