Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Financial Relationships Between Otorhinolaryngologists and Pharmaceutical Companies in Japan Between 2016 and 2019

Introduction: There are prevalent financial relationships between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry in medical specialties, including otorhinolaryngology. Although these relationships might cause conflicts of interest, no studies have assessed the size and contents of the financial relationships between otorhinolaryngologists and pharmaceutical companies in Japan. This study aims to evaluate the magnitude, prevalence, and trend of the financial relationship between Japanese otolaryngologists and pharmaceutical companies. Methods: Using payment data publicly disclosed by 92 pharmaceutical companies, we examined the size, prevalence, and trend in personal payments made to the otorhinolaryngologist board certified by the Japanese Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (JSO-HNS) between 2016 and 2019 in Japan. Furthermore, differences in payments were evaluated by whether otolaryngologists were clinical practice guideline authors, society board members, and academic journal editors or not. Trends in payments were evaluated by generalized estimating equations. Results: Of 8,190 otorhinolaryngologists, 3,667 (44.8%) were paid a total of $13,873,562, in payments for lecturing, consulting, and writing by 72 pharmaceutical companies between 2016 and 2019. The median four-year combined payment per physician was $1,022 (interquartile range: $473-$2,526). Top 1%, 5%, and 10% of otorhinolaryngologists received 42.3% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 37.2%-47.4%), 69.3% (95% CI: 65.9%-72.8%), and 80.6% (95% CI: 78.3%-82.9%) of overall payments, respectively. The median payments per physician were significantly higher among otorhinolaryngologists authoring clinical practice guidelines ($11,522), society board members ($22,261), and journal editors ($35,143) than those without. The payments and number of otorhinolaryngologists receiving payments remained stable between 2016 and 2019. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that a minority but a large number of otorhinolaryngologists received personal payments from pharmaceutical companies for the reimbursement of lecturing, consulting, and writing in Japan. Large amounts of these personal payments were significantly concentrated on a small number of leading otorhinolaryngologists.
Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density in Children with Celiac Disease

Background: Osteoporosis is a known entity in individuals with celiac disease (CD). Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) measurements in children with CD. Methods: This was a retrospective design study in a tertiary hospital in Turkey. Results: Totally 106 patients were included, and the mean age was 10.2 ± 3.9 years. The mean L1-L4 Z score was 0.730 ± 0.197 (based on sex and height in Turkish children). About 20.7% (n = 22) had a history of at least one fracture and/or bone pain. Bone mineral density values obtained from lumbar (L1-L4) vertebrae were significantly lower in patients with a prior fracture and/or bone pain compared to the patient group without a fracture (0.822 ± 0.242 g/cm2 vs 0.706 ± 0.178 g/cm2, respectively; P = 0.047). L1-L4 Z score (based on sex and height in Turkish children) was lower in patients with a body mass index (BMI) SDS value below -2 (moderately or severely malnourished) than those with a BMI SDS above -2 (0.02 ± 1.19 vs 1.4 ± 1.82, respectively; P = 0.014). A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.547; P < 0.01) was found between somatomedin-C (IGF-1) level and L1-L4 BMD (g/cm2) measurement. It was remarkable that low BMD was not identified in any patients using L1-L4 Z-score by height and L1-L4 Z-score by age of Turkish children. Nine (8.5%) patients were found to have low BMD using the United States (US) age- and sex-specific L1-L4 Z-score from the GE Healthcare Lunar iDXA system. Conclusions: Bone mineral density should be screened considering risk factors for suboptimal bone health in children with celiac disease. False "normal" BMD interpretations can be avoided by taking into account the model of the BMD measuring device and by using the device's normal ranges in case of inconsistency with the Turkish reference values.
Profiles of bacterial communities and environmental factors associated with proliferation of malaria vector mosquitoes within the Kenyan Coast

Background. Since Anopheles mosquitoes which transmit and maintain the malaria parasite breed in the outdoor environment, there is an urgent need to manage these mosquito breeding sites. In order to elaborate more on the ecological landscape of mosquito breeding sites, the bacterial community structure and their interactions with physicochemical factors in mosquito larval habitats was characterised in Kwale County (Kenya), where malaria is endemic. Methods. The physical characteristics and water physicochemical parameters of the habitats were determined and recorded. Water samples were also collected from the identified sites for total metagenomic DNA extraction in order to characterise the bacterial communities within the breeding sites. Results and Discussion. Sites where mosquito larvae were found were described as positive and those without mosquito larvae as negative. Electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity and ammonia were lower in the rainy season than in the dry season, which also coincided with a high proportion of positive sites. Pseudomonadota was the most common phyla recovered in all samples followed by Bacteroidota and then Actinomycetota. The presence or absence of mosquito larvae in a potential proliferation site was not related to the bacterial community structure in the sampled sites, but was positively correlated with bacterial richness and evenness. Conclusion. Generally, the presence of Anopheles mosquito larvae was found to be positively correlated with rainy season, bacterial richness and evenness, and negatively correlated with electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity and ammonia. The findings of this study have implications for predicting the potential of environmental water samples to become mosquito proliferation sites.
Using Low-Cost Sensing Technology to Assess Ambient and Indoor Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations in New York during the COVID-19 Lockdown

Air pollution is a leading cause of death in the United States and is associated with adverse health outcomes, including increased vulnerability to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The AirBeam2 was used to measure particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or smaller (PM2.5) to investigate differences between indoor and ambient levels at seven private homes in New York during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Measurements taken in 2020 fall, 2021 winter, and 2022 fall showed that at 90% of the sites, indoor PM2.5 levels exceeded outdoor levels both during and after the COVID-19 lockdown, p = 0.03, possibly exceeding safety levels. Higher indoor PM2.5 levels attributed to little or no ventilation in the basement and kitchens from cooking and smoke were greater in fall than in winter. Higher ambient PM2.5 levels were attributed to vehicular traffic at a street-facing sampling site. PM2.5 sources identified in this study may help in devising control strategies to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) and consequently alleviate respiratory health effects. These findings may be used as a basis for in-house modifications, including natural ventilation and the use of air purifiers to reduce exposures, mitigate future risks, and prevent potential harm to vulnerable residents.
The resilience of Jewish communities living in the diaspora: a scoping review

Introduction Throughout history, Jewish communities have been exposed to collectively experienced traumatic events. Little is known about the role that the community plays in the impact of these traumatic events on Jewish diaspora people. This scoping review aims to map the concepts of the resilience of Jewish communities in the diaspora and to identify factors that influence this resilience. Methods We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. Database searches yielded 2,564 articles. Sixteen met all inclusion criteria. The analysis was guided by eight review questions. Results Community resilience of the Jewish diaspora was often described in terms of coping with disaster and struggling with acculturation. A clear definition of community resilience of the Jewish diaspora was lacking. Social and religious factors, strong organizations, education, and communication increased community resilience. Barriers to the resilience of Jewish communities in the diaspora included the interaction with the hosting country and other communities, characteristics of the community itself, and psychological and cultural issues. Discussion Key gaps in the literature included the absence of quantitative measures of community resilience and the lack of descriptions of how community resilience affects individuals’ health-related quality of life. Future studies on the interaction between community resilience and health-related individual resilience are warranted.
Foreign Ownership and Corporate Dividend Policy in Cameroon

This article analyzes the relationship between foreign ownership and dividend policy in the Cameroonian context, based on a sample of 197 companies observed over the period 2015-2017. This relationship is estimated using simultaneous equations to account for endogeneity bias. The results show that foreign ownership negatively influences dividend policy, and vice versa. However, these bidirectional links are not linear, but they assume U-shape forms. That is, low levels of foreign ownership are associated with low dividends, while the dividend increases as foreign shares get higher. Similarly, companies paying low dividends attract few foreign shareholders. The latter increases their shareholding when the dividend payout is high. Furthermore, dividend policy is dynamic in Cameroonian companies, as the current dividend is determined by the previous year's.
Three-dimensional morphometrics of the proximal metatarsal articular surfaces of Gorilla, Pan, Hylobates, and shod and unshod humans

There is debate about how fossil hominin pedal morphology relates to terrestrial habits. Were early hominins adapted to a bipedal lifestyle with a significant arboreal component, or were they more dedicated to a terrestrial lifestyle? The proximal articular surfaces of the metatarsals (MT) are examined in Gorilla, Pan, Hylobates, and habitually shod and unshod Homo using three-dimensional morphometrics. The results for MT 1 show three trends. OH 8 (Homo habilis) is indistinguishable from humans, specimens SKX 5017 and SK 1813 (Paranthropus robustus) are apelike, and all other fossil 1 metatarsals are intermediate in shape between humans and apes. The MT 2 and MT 3 analyses show that humans have a narrower surface that is expanded in the plantar aspect relative to apes. These features increase joint stability for the human longitudinal arch. The MT 2 fossils for Stw 573d (Little Foot) and OH 8 are humanlike. The MT 2 specimen of SKX 247 (possibly Paranthropus) is apelike, while all other MT 2 fossils are intermediate between humans and apes. In the MT 3 analysis, Stw 387, Stw 496, Stw 388, and OH 8 metatarsals are humanlike in shape, while Stw 435 and Stw 477 are intermediate between humans and apes. The MT 3 surface of Hylobates is markedly convex, suggesting that the midfoot break in gibbons extends to include this joint in addition to the MT 4 and MT 5 tarsometatarsal joints. The results of the MT 4 analysis show a highly convex surface in apes, with Hylobates extending further to the dorsal aspect of this metatarsal, with a greater range of motion at the midfoot break compared to the African apes. The MT 4 specimens of OH 8 and Stw 628 show greater morphological affiliation with humans. The MT 5 analysis shows that Pan and Hylobates have a medio-laterally extended and concave articular surface that is convex in the dorso-plantar plane. The two human groups are narrower and flatter in the medio-lateral plane, with a little dorso-plantar convexity. There is overlap in shape patterns between groups in the MT 5 analysis.
Analysis of Driving Factors in the Intention to Use the Virtual Nursing Home for the Elderly: A Modified UTAUT Model in the Chinese Context

As a unique form of mobile health service (m-Health) for elderly care in China, the virtual nursing home is considered a reliable alternative to the traditional model of home-based care, but services from virtual nursing homes are infrequently used by the elderly in practice. Thus, this study aims to measure the driving factors affecting the behavioral intention to use the virtual nursing home by designing a research framework that combined the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) with the technology acceptance model (TAM). Furthermore, a new variable, conformist mentality, is proposed as a moderator. In order to validate the model, a well-structured questionnaire using mature scales was used, and the linear regression analysis method was conducted on 200 valid data samples collected during a field study in Harbin, China. The results show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence significantly affect behavioral intention. However, the effect of facilitating conditions is not significant. Moreover, performance expectancy and effort expectancy have a positive effect on attitude toward use, and attitude toward use not only affects behavioral intention but also plays a mediating role in the effect of performance expectancy and effort expectancy on behavioral intention. This study also innovatively proposes and confirms conformist mentality as a moderator to strengthen the driving effect of social influence on behavioral intention. This is the first time that conformist mentality is introduced as a moderator in a study on the behavioral perception and acceptance of virtual nursing homes among Chinese older adults. Based on these findings, this study offers theoretical contributions and management implications that are conducive to the sustainable development of virtual nursing homes, thereby making extensive contributions to this field. Additionally, it also aids in the contextual expansion of the UTAUT model.
Complementarity in the Line of Fire: Bibliography

Of the many expectations attending the creation of the first permanent International Criminal Court, the greatest has been that the principle of complementarity would catalyse national investigations and prosecutions of conflict-related crimes and lead to the reform of domestic justice systems. Sarah M. H. Nouwen explores whether complementarity has had such an effect in two states subject to ICC intervention: Uganda and Sudan. Drawing on extensive empirical research and combining law, legal anthropology and political economy, she unveils several effects and outlines the catalysts for them. However, she also reveals that one widely anticipated effect – an increase in domestic proceedings for conflictrelated crimes – has barely occurred. This finding leads to the unravelling of paradoxes that go right to the heart of the functioning of an idealistic Court in a world of real constraints.
The Effect of The Combination of Bioslurry and Spacing on The Growth and Yield of Shallots (Allium Ascalonicum L.) Varieties of Bima Brebes

The study aims to find out: (1) The effect of the combination of bioslurry and spacing of shallots (Allium Ascalonicum L.) (2) The effect of the combination of bioslurry concentration and the best planting distance on the ha sil of onion plants (Allium Ascalonicum L.). (3) Correlation between growth components and yield of onion plants (Allium Ascalonicum L.). The research was conducted in Karangwangun Village, Babakan District, Cirebon Regency - West Java. The research was conducted from August to December 2022. The experimental method used is using the experimental method with Group Random Design (RAK), the treatment consists of two factors that are repeated 3 times. The first factor is bioslurry with concentrate of 5% or 50 ml/lt, 10% or 100 ml/lt, 15% or 150 ml/lt. While the second factor is the planting distance which consists of three levels, namely planting distances of 20 cm x 10 cm, 20 cm x 15 cm, 20 cm x 20 cm. The main observation data were processed using statistical tests, fingerprint analysis, and further test analysis of the Scott-Knott group. To determine the correlation between treatment and the components of rice growth and yield, the correlation used is with the Product Moment correlation coefficient. The experimental results showed: (1) The combination of Bioslurry and planting distance affected the number of saplings, root volume, plant growth rate aged 15 HST-25 HST, tuber diameter, fresh tuber weight per clump, dry tuber weight per clump, and dry tuber weight per plot, (2) The highest dry tuber weight per plot of 3.74 kg per plot or equivalent to 9.972 tons / ha (land efficiency 80%) was obtained in the combination of E treatment (bioslurry 50 ml / liter and planting distance 20cm x 15cm), and (3) There was a marked correlation between the number of leaves at 25 HST and 35 HST and the number of saplings in all observation periods with dry tuber weights per plot
Evaluation of groundnut entries against Jassid and Thrips

The experiment was carried out at the field of the Oilseed Research Centre, Regional Agricultural Research station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Ramatpur, Barisal during rabi seasons of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 to evaluate the performance of some groundnut varieties/entries against jassids and thrips. Sixty groundnut entries of OT, PYT and RYT were evaluated against jassid and thrips infestation during 2008 and 2009. Of these, five entries of observation Trial (OT Set-1), four entries of (OT Set-2), five entries of PYT and five entries of RYT were found comparatively less jassid (5-9%, 8-11%, 5-9% and 7-11% leaf infestation) and thrips (3-4%, 4-5%, 2-4% and 4-6% leaf infestation) than the other entries and check variety BARI Chinabadam-8 and Dhaka-1 (15-22%, 22-20%, 12-19% and 18-12% leaf for jassid and7-9%, 9-8%, 6-8% and 10-7% leaf for thrips).
Tuning Gaps and Schottky Contacts of Graphene/Phosphorene Heterostructures by Vertical Electric Field and Strain

We present a comprehensive study of the structural and electronic properties of a graphene/phosphorene (G/P) heterostructure in the framework of density functional theory, including van der Waals interaction in the exchange–correlation functional. While the G(4 × 1)/P(3 × 1) superlattice usually used in the literature is subject to a strain as high as about 7%, the in-plane strain could be drastically reduced to under 1% in the G(4 × 13)/P(3 × 12) heterostructure investigated here. Adapting the lattice constants of the rectangular lattices, the equilibrium configuration in the xy plane of phosphorene relative to the graphene layer is optimized. This results in an equilibrium interlayer distance of 3.5 Å and a binding energy per carbon atom of 37 meV, confirming the presence of weak van der Waals interaction between the graphene and the phosphorene layers. The electronic properties of the heterostructure are evaluated under different values of interlayer distance, strain and applied vertical electric field. We demonstrate that G/P heterostructures form an n-type Schottky contact, which can be transformed into p-type under external perturbations. These findings, together with the possibility to control the gaps and barrier heights, suggest that G/P heterostructures are promising for novel applications in electronics and may open a new avenue for the realization of innovative optoelectronic devices.
Evolution of response time and accuracy on online mastery practice assignments for introductory physics students

We have investigated the temporal patterns of algebra ( N ¼ 606 ) and calculus ( N ¼ 507 ) introductory physics students practicing multiple basic physics topics several times throughout the semester using an online mastery homework application called science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fluency aimed at improving basic physics skills. For all skill practice categories, we observed an increase in measures of student accuracy, such as a decrease in the number of questions attempted to reach mastery, and a decrease in response time per question, resulting in an overall decrease in the total time spent on the assignments. The findings in this study show that there are several factors that impact a student ’ s performance and evolution on the mastery assignments throughout the semester. For example, using linear mixed modeling, we report that students with lower math preparation for the physics class start with lower accuracy and slower response times on the mastery assignments than students with higher math preparation. However, by the end of the semester, the less prepared students reach similar performance levels to their more prepared classmates on the mastery assignments. This suggests that STEM fluency is a useful tool for instructors to implement to refresh student ’ s basic math skills. Additionally, gender and procrastination habits impact the effectiveness and progression of the student ’ s response time and accuracy on the STEM fluency assignments throughout the semester. We find that women initially answer more questions in the same amount of time as men before reaching mastery. As the semester progresses and students practice the categories more, this performance gap diminishes between males and females. In addition, we find that students who procrastinate (those who wait until the final few hours to complete the assignments) are spending more time on the assignments despite answering a similar number of questions as compared to students who do not procrastinate. We also find that student mindset (growth vs fixed mindset) was not related to a student ’ s progress on the online mastery assignments. Finally, we find that STEM fluency practice improves performance beyond the effects of other components of instruction, such as lectures, group-work recitations, and homework assignments. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.19. 020111
Examining the Links Between Physical Activity, Sitting Time, and Renal Function in T2DM Patients

Background Sitting time and physical activity are related to renal function among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the mechanism of how it contributes to renal function is not well understood. The current study attempts to explore the relationship between sitting time and renal function among T2DM patients, with a particular focus on the mediating role of physical activity. Methods This research uses the data of 1761 Chinese T2DM patients from Ningxia Province. Sitting time and physical activity were obtained during a face-to-face survey, and renal function was assessed by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The bootstrap method is used to test the mediating effect. Results The research found that sitting time was negatively associated with eGFR and physical activity after controlling for covariates. Physical activity was positively associated with eGFR. Physical activity has mediated the relationship between sitting time and eGFR among T2DM patients (explaining 16.1% of the total variance). Conclusion The present findings suggest that sitting time negatively affects eGFR among T2DM patients and provides new evidence that physical activity could attenuate the association between sitting time and eGFR. Hence, intervention strategies focusing on sitting time and physical activity should be paid more attention in the future.