Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grainyhead-like 2 is required for morphological integrity of mouse embryonic stem cells and orderly formation of inner ear-like organoids

Mutations in the transcription factor gene grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) are associated with progressive non-syndromic sensorineural deafness autosomal dominant type 28 (DFNA28) in humans. Since complete loss of Grhl2 is lethal in mouse embryos, we studied its role during inner ear pathology and hearing loss in vitro. To this end, we generated different homozygous deletions to knockout Grhl2 in mouse embryonic stem cells (Grhl2-KO ESCs), including some mimicking naturally occurring truncations in the dimerisation domain related to human DFNA28. Under naïve culture conditions, Grhl2-KO cells in suspension were more heterogenous in size and larger than wild-type controls. Adherent Grhl2-KO cells were also larger, with a less uniform shape, flattened, less circular morphology, forming loose monolayer colonies with poorly defined edges. These changes correlated with lower expression of epithelial cadherin Cdh1 but no changes in tight junction markers (Ocln, Tjp2) or other Grhl isoforms (Grhl1, Grhl3). Clonogenicity from single cells, proliferation rates of cell populations and proliferation markers were reduced in Grhl2-KO ESCs. We next induced stepwise directed differentiation of Grhl2-KO ESCs along an otic pathway, giving rise to three-dimensional inner ear-like organoids (IELOs). Quantitative morphometry revealed that Grhl2-KO cells initially formed larger IELOs with a less compacted structure, more eccentric shape and increased surface area. These morphological changes persisted for up to one week. They were partially rescued by forced cell aggregation and fully restored by stably overexpressing exogenous Grhl2 in Grhl2-KO ESCs, indicating that Grhl2 alters cell-cell interactions. On day 8, aggregates were transferred into minimal maturation medium to allow self-guided organogenesis for another two weeks. During this period, Grhl2-KO cells and wild-type controls developed similarly, expressing neural, neuronal and sensory hair cell markers, while maintaining their initial differences in size and shape. In summary, Grhl2 is required for morphological maintenance of ESCs and orderly formation of IELOs, consistent with an essential role in organising epithelial integrity during inner ear development. Our findings validate quantitative morphometry as a useful, non-invasive screening method for molecular phenotyping of candidate mutations during organoid development.
Short-Term L-Citrulline Supplementation Does Not Affect Blood Pressure, Pulse Wave Reflection, or Arterial Stiffness at Rest and during Isometric Exercise in Older Males

Hypertension and arterial stiffness are significant factors contributing to cardiovascular disease. L-citrulline, a nitric oxide precursor, has been proposed as a nutritional, non-pharmacological blood pressure-lowering intervention. This study aimed to investigate the impact of L-citrulline on central and peripheral blood pressure, pulse wave reflection, and central arterial stiffness at rest and during an isometric knee extension exercise protocol. Twelve older males received 6 g of L-citrulline or a placebo for six days using a double-blind crossover design. Blood hemodynamics parameters (i.e., aortic and brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate), pulse wave reflection (i.e., augmented pressure, augmentation index, forward/backward wave pressure), and arterial stiffness (i.e., carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity) were measured at baseline, post-supplementation, and during isometric exercise. No significant effects of L-citrulline supplementation were observed at rest or during exercise on blood pressure, pulse wave reflection, or arterial stiffness. Both central and peripheral blood pressure were increased during the exercise, which is consistent with isometric contractions. The results of the present study do not support any blood pressure-lowering effect of short-term L-citrulline at rest or during low-intensity isometric exercise compared to the pre-exercise values in older males.
Heart Diseases Prediction and Diagnosis using Supervised Learning

The existing data for clinical diagnosis are often enlarged, but available tools are not efficient enough for decision making. Data mining techniques provide a user-oriented approach for clinical diagnosis and reduce risk factors. To improve clinical diagnosis, particularly for heart diseases, nine different data mining techniques have been applied for classification and clustering. We compare all these techniques for better prediction. Despite all recent research efforts, the literature lacks the application of multiple techniques on multiple data sets for heart disease prediction; which helps in decision making. In particular, this study is the augmentation of techniques for multiple data analysis by comparing four datasets with 14 attributes and a different number of instances. Another challenge is how to increase the accuracy of the decision-making process. Our research findings predict the better accuracy by using SMO and classification via regression for all data sets which shows the significant difference. Consequently, this research further helps to integrate the clinical decision support, thereby reducing medical errors, enhance patient safety, decrease unwanted practice variation, and improve patient recovery.
Operationalizing a Free Flap Program for Head and Neck Reconstruction at a Veterans Affairs Hospital

Abstract Objectives We aimed to operationalize a head and neck microvascular free tissue transfer (MVFTT) program at a Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital with the emphasis on initiating radiotherapy within 6 weeks of surgery for cancer patients and minimizing readmissions. Study Design Case series. Setting Tertiary care VA hospital. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on consecutive head and neck MVFTT patients from May 1, 2017 and April 30, 2022. Demographics, patient and disease characteristics, per‐operative data and postoperative outcomes were recorded from the electronic medical record. We sought to compare our rate of 30‐day readmissions with those published in the literature. Results One hundred and forty‐one procedures were performed in the queried timeframe. Eighty‐four percent (119) were performed after oncologic resections and 16% (22) were for nononcologic procedures. The rate of total flap loss was <1% and the rate of partial flap loss was 3.5%. For mucosal defects, the fistula rate was 2.3%. The rate of return to the OR for any reason within 30 days was 7.8%. The 30‐day readmission rate was 6.4% while the rates reported in the literature range from 13% to 20%. One hundred and four patients required postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and 76% started PORT within 42 days of surgery. Conclusion Operationalizing a head and neck MVFTT program with a VA hospital is safe and allows for the successful delivery of multimodality treatment to cancer patients. These resources can be expanded for the care of head and neck cancer treatment sequelae, such as osteoradionecrosis, and other nononcologic patient needs.
Static and Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: Correlation With Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is clinically assessed and staged commonly by the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) system. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvic floor is an emerging modality for anatomical and functional assessment of the pelvic floor and staging of POP. The purpose of this study was to correlate the dynamic MRI findings with POP-Q examination for the staging of POP in each pelvic compartment by comparing various anatomic points. Methods: A prospective observational study of the comparative cross-sectional design was conducted among patients who underwent MRI of the pelvic floor and POP-Q at our institute. A total of 50 patients were included. Anatomical landmarks in the three compartments were analyzed in relation to standard reference lines on dynamic MRI and compared with POP-Q measurements. Results: Most of our patients had multicompartment disease (70%). When compared to POP-Q, MRI has a strong correlation for quantification of anterior (0.723) and middle (0.525) compartments and a weak correlation (0.232) for posterior compartment prolapse. Conclusion: POP-Q examination is based on the various points within the vaginal canal, and all the points do not represent a true anatomic landmark. MRI, on the other hand, is based on a true anatomical plane and gives detailed information about various structures in all three compartments. Thus, MRI also helps bridge the gap between various referring specialties in treating pelvic floor disorders.
How to Design Problem-Based Learning for Reasoning Ability?

Objective: To get around students' reluctance, learning media is needed; one of them is the development of mathematics teaching materials. The development of teaching materials is needed to actualize subjects, especially mathematics, as a contextual subject. This goal is to improve students' reasoning abilities in understanding and solving the problems in daily life. The function of the model is as an intermediary between students' mathematical reasoning abilities and the questions presented in the development of teaching materials. More mathematical reasoning abilities are found in trigonometry material. Trigonometry is the science of measuring the angles and boundaries of triangles (used in astronomy and so on) in which there are solutions for other problems, such as measuring the height of mountains, buildings, towers, etc. Method: This research uses a qualitative method. Results: The teaching material Trigonometry research is valid for module material validation, graphics or media validation, and obtained from audience validation results. The three percentages are at a very valid validation level and can be used in schools. Novelty: After the application of this teaching material, the result was that students' mathematical reasoning abilities became better.
Ethnicity, hypermobility syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A study based on hospital admissions

The purpose of the study was to identify any evidence of different patterns of disease for Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS) and Hypermobility Syndrome (JHS) in the White British and South Asian communities in England. The numbers of hospital in-patients in ten NHS Trusts, between 2016 and 2020, in whom a diagnosis of EDS or JHS had been recorded were identified through Freedom of Information (FOI) requests. The condition was either the primary diagnosis or a secondary one, incidental to the reason for admission. The ten Trusts were selected because they served areas with a significant South Asian population and had been involved in previous studies of discrimination in the delivery of care. The study also assessed whether there was evidence of any of the Trusts underserving their South Asian community with lesser levels of recognition of EDS and JHS. Overall South Asian patients were almost four times more likely to have been diagnosed as having JHS. This proportion was statistically significant (z = -11.69, p <0.00001). In Burton and Derby, Cambridge and Leicester the proportion of South Asian patients diagnosed as having EDS was significantly lower than in other Trusts (z = 9.4, p <0.00001). This was also the case for JHS (z = 8.09, p < 0.00001). This would indicate that in these three Trusts both conditions are underdiagnosed in the South Asian community. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Hypovitaminosis D in Painful Peripheral Neuropathy

Vitamin D is an essential vitamin necessary for maintaining proper bone structure by regulating calcium-phosphorus metabolism in the body. Vitamin D, as a hormone, also has effects on the nervous system. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) comprises a group of disorders involving the peripheral nervous system, which includes sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves. PN manifests as various symptoms, such as pain, numbness, and muscle weakness, alone or in combination. PN is caused by a wide variety of etiologies. Accumulating evidence from clinical and laboratory studies shows that hypovitaminosis-D may be a potentially independent risk factor for painful PN. Administering vitamin D to patients with hypovitaminosis-D alleviates their neuropathic symptoms. In this article, we review up-to-date clinical observations on hypovitaminosis-D
Runoff Prediction in the Xijiang River Basin Based on Long Short-Term Memory with Variant Models and Its Interpretable Analysis

The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network model is an effective deep learning approach for predicting streamflow, and the investigation of the interpretability of deep learning models in streamflow prediction is of great significance for model transfer and improvement. In this study, four key hydrological stations in the Xijiang River Basin (XJB) in South China are taken as examples, and the performance of the LSTM model and its variant models in runoff prediction were evaluated under the same foresight period, and the impacts of different foresight periods on the prediction results were investigated based on the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method to explore the interpretability of the LSTM model in runoff prediction. The results showed that (1) LSTM was the optimal model among the four models in the XJB; (2) the predicted results of the LSTM model decreased with the increase in foresight period, with the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) decreasing by 4.7% when the foresight period increased from one month to two months, and decreasing by 3.9% when the foresight period increased from two months to three months; (3) historical runoff had the greatest impact on streamflow prediction, followed by precipitation, evaporation, and the North Pacific Index (NPI); except evaporation, all the others were positively correlated. The results can provide a reference for monthly runoff prediction in the XJB.
Preliminary Petrologic Analysis of Impact Deformation in the Carancas (Peru) Cratering Event

Introduction: On September 15, 2007, an ordinary chondrite (H4/5) at least 1 meter across struck the Altiplano of southeastern Peru [1-4]. The collision excavated a circular crater approximately 15 meters wide a few meters deep into channel and bank deposits of a narrow arroyo (Fig. 1). The Carancas crater and its ejecta field provide a unique opportunity to investigate fresh microscopic and mesoscale deformation produced by a hypervelocity impact into well-constrained clastic detritus and regolith. Our observations will be compared to large-scale and experimental impacts in order to constrain the dynamic parameters of the Carancas event and to better understand sedimentary target impacts in general.
The role of the public sector in developing tourism product strategies for tourism destinations

This paper analyzes issues related to the pricing of equity in an Eastern European emerging capital market, the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE), with the purpose of estimating the CAPM, and the return-risk relationship, using the domestic and the international asset-pricing model. The empirical evidence from a sample of 221 Polish firms listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange indicates that there exists a conditional relationship between beta and return when the domestic CAPM is tested. The international CAPM did not perform well in the early days of the transition but since 2000 the Polish stock market seems well integrated, most likely the local market has been segmented during the period. The cross-sectional stock returns are positively related to the downside risk variable measured by the semi-deviation from the mean, and the total risk. However, the cross-sectional stock returns are also positively related to the unsystematic risk, and negatively related to other downside risk measures. In addition, firm size is found to be positively related to the cross-sectional stock returns, while the book-to-market ratio is found have no explanatory power to the returns. JEL classification: G12, G15
A Comparative Analysis of Patient Profiles and Health Service Utilization between Patent Medicine Vendors and Community Pharmacists in Nigeria

Background: This study examined Nigeria’s socio-demographic profiles and health service utilization patterns of Patent Medicine Vendors (PMVs) and Community Pharmacists (CPs). Method: A cross-sectional study using a structured self-administered questionnaire among 405 retail outlets (322 PMVs and 83 CPs) across 16 Lagos and Kebbi Local Government Areas (LGAs) between June 2020 and December 2020. Results: Results showed that 60.4% were male, 76.3% from Lagos, 58.3% had tertiary education, and 74.1% had medical training. Cough and fever were common symptoms. Significant differences were found in the utilization of STD services (PMVs: 9.2%, CPs: 12.3%, p = 0.03), services by age <15 (PMVs: 54.3, CPs: 61.2, p < 0.001), and utilization by males (PMVs: 50.8, CPs: 47.1, p = 0.013). The study revealed that men visited PMVs more, while CPs used more STI services and childhood visits. Conclusions: The findings suggest that expanding health services among PMVs could target male-dominant diseases, and capacity building of CPs on syndromic STI management could reduce the STI burden.
Investigating the impact of prior COVID‐19 on IgG antibody and interferon γ responses after BBIBP‐CorV vaccination in a disease endemic population: A prospective observational study

COVID‐19 vaccinations have reduced morbidity and mortality from the disease. Antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) have been associated with immune protection. Seroprevalence studies revealed high immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels to SARS‐CoV‐2 in the Pakistani population before vaccinations. We investigated the effect of BBIBP‐CorV vaccination on circulating IgG antibodies and interferon (IFN)‐γ from T cells measured in a cohort of healthy individuals, with respect to age, gender, and history of COVID‐19.
Selective Growth of MAPbBr3 Rounded Microcrystals on Micro-Patterned Single-Layer Graphene Oxide/Graphene Platforms with Enhanced Photo-Stability

The synergistic combination of hybrid perovskites with graphene-related materials is leading to optoelectronic devices with enhanced performance and stability. Still, taking advantage of the solution processing of perovskite onto graphene is especially challenging. Here, MAPbBr3 perovskite is grown on single-layer graphene/graphene oxide (Gr/GO) patterns with 120 µm periodicity using a solution-processed method. MAPbBr3 rounded crystals are formed with sizes ranging from nanometers to microns, either forming continuous films or dispersed particles. A detailed morphological and structural study reveals a fully oriented perovskite and very different growth habits on the Gr/GO micro-patterns, which we relate to the substrate characteristics and the nucleation rate. A simple method for controlling the nucleation rate is proposed based on the concentration of the precursor solution and the number of deposited perovskite layers. The photoluminescence is analyzed in terms of the crystal size, strain, and structural changes observed. Notably, the growth on top of Gr/GO leads to a huge photostability of the MAPbBr3 compared with that on glass. Especially outstanding is that of the microcrystals, which endure light densities as high as 130 kW/cm2. These results allow for anticipating the design of integrated nanostructures and nanoengineered devices by growing high-stability perovskite directly on Gr/GO substrates.
Consumer Behaviour towards Social Media under COVID-19: A Multi-Study Evidence from Pakistan

The purpose of the study is to investigate the underlying mechanism between the relationship of consumers' beliefs (in terms of credibility, invasiveness, and infotainment), behavioral intentions [in terms of electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) and purchase intentions] and resilience towards negative information (RNI). We propose that these relationships are sequentially mediated by consumers' perceived social media advertising value (PSMAV) and their attitudes towards social media advertising (CATSMA). We report the results based on two studies. For study 1 (pre- COVID-19), we draw on survey evidence from 673 active users of social media (comprising of students & professionals) in Pakistan. For study 2 (post COVID-19), we draw on a usable sample of 263 respondents of similar demographics. Data are analyzed using variance-based structural equation modeling. Results of study 1 reveal that the relationships of infotainment and credibility with behavioral intentions are positive and partially mediated by the sequence of PSMAV and CATSMA. However, the relationship between invasiveness and behavioral intentions is negative and fully mediated by the sequence of PSMAV and CATSMA. For study 2, for both infotainment and credibility; PSMAV and CATSMA sequentially mediate the relationship between these belief constructs and RNI. For invasiveness, this sequential mediation remains ineffective. Consumer attitudes also show a positive linkage with RNI. This paper extends the extant literature by showing how (in a social media advertising context) consumers' beliefs relate to consumers' behavioral intentions and how positive attitudes formulate a higher RNI. Furthermore, we advance the literature by drawing on evidence from an under-researched context of Pakistan that has experienced dynamic changes during the pandemic era.
Simultaneous removal of fluoride and sodium dodecyl sulfate from synthetic photovoltaic wastewater by electrocoagulation: evaluation of operating parameters

The electrocoagulation (EC) method was applied for the treatment of a complex synthetic pho - tovoltaic wastewater. In photovoltaic (PV) process, HF acid treatment is the most essential step in wafers manufacturing. In addition, repetitive cleaning of the wafers are achieved by use of surfac - tants. Consequently, PV wastewater is currently rich of fluorides ions and organic surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In this study, fluoride and SDS are used as model pollutants. Previous studies deal with fluoride and SDS individually using one electrode type. So, this research targets to evaluate the performance of the electrocoagulation process on the removal of fluoride and SDS with hybrid electrode composed of aluminum and iron plates. The treatment was carried out in a discontinuous system equipped with aluminium and iron electrodes. Five influencing variables were investigated: anodic EC material, current intensity, initial pH, electrolysis time and initial pollutant concentration. The best conditions for simultaneous removal F – and SDS with initial concentrations of 100 and 60 mg/L, respectively are: initial pH of 7, a current density of 37.03 A/m 2 and a treatment time of the 80 min. The corresponding removal efficiencies were 89.07% for fluorides and 93.3% for SDS. The results showed that iron is more adequate to remove SDS while aluminium electrode is better to remove F – . EC method with hybrid Al-Fe electrodes gives better results for simultaneous removal of fluorides and SDS than one type electrodes. Hybrid Al-Fe makes a good compromise.