Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling of motor transport exhaust pollutant dispersion

Abstract Pollution is a major problem in all countries, even developed ones. It is the major environmental negative impact of anthropogenic activities affecting ecology. There are two major ways for assessment of negative impact of motor transport flow intensity and pollution level: monitoring the air or modeling pollutant dispersion. It is very important to estimate different unknown air modeling programs. In this work modeling is to be executed by the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) the so‐called “the best possible existing software for strategic environmental assessment”. That is also recommended by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania. In this work pollution modeling was executed for the northern part of Vilnius (the network of streets Geležinis Vilkas ‐ Ozas ‐ Kalvarijos). For motor vehicle pollution mathematical modeling, it is necessary to evaluate meteorological parameters like temperature, humidity, the wind direction and speed. Modeling software can als.
Hydrothermal synthesis and magnetic property of NaV2O5 nanorods

One-dimensional rod-like NaV2O5 was synthesized by hydrothermal method, which draws much attention as an exotic spin-Peierls compound. The samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission election microscopy (TEM), and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The pH value and the reducing agent are critical for synthesizing NaV2O5 nanorods. The reducing agent NH2OH may play a key role in the assembly and growth of nanorods of products.
Hay mulching to reduce runoff and soil loss under intensive potato production in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada

Soil erosion by water associated with potato production in northwestern New Brunswick has been identified as one of the most severe soil degradation problems affecting soil quality in Canada. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of applying various rates of hay mulch following potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) harvest in reducing runoff and soil loss rates under northwestern New Brunswick climatic and soil conditions and to determine the impact of the various hay mulch application rates on potato yield. Wischmeier-like runoff-erosion plots (10 m wide by 30 m long) on a Holmesville gravelly loam soil were used. Annual hay mulch application rates of 0.00, 2.25, 4.50 and 9.00 t ha-1 wet mass were evaluated under continuous up-and-down-slope potato production on 8 and 11% slopes between October 1995 and October 1999. During the study period, annual precipitation was lower than normal. Calculated rainfall erosivities were 102, 66, 73 and 133% of the value typically used for conservation .
LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION BASED ON A NEW FLOW PATTERN: TWO-FLUID TAYLOR-COUETTE FLOW

The exploitation of flow instabilities that can occur in rotating flows is investigated as a new approach to liquid-liquid extraction. Two immiscible liquids are radially stratified by centrifugal force in the annulus between corotating coaxial cylinders. When the inner cylinder is then rotated above a critical speed, Taylor vortices form in one or both of the fluids. Although the flow pattern yields a relatively small amount of interfacial surface area, the surface is highly active for interphase mass transfer due to the local vortex motion. With the addition ii of countercurrent axial flow, efficient continuous processing is also possible. It is proposed that this two-fluid Taylor-Couette flow yields a viable extraction process, particularly for fluid pairs that are easily emulsifiable and therefore have limited processing options with the current commercially available equipment. With this goal, the present study of two-fluid Taylor-Couette flow with countercurrent axial flow includes: • A review of aqueous-aqueous and reversed micelle extraction techniques, the commercially available centrifugal extractors, and one fluid TaylorCouette flow and its variations. • A theoretical analysis to predict the onset of the two-fluid Taylor-Couette instability in the presence of countercurrent axial flow. • Theoretical predictions for interphase mass transfer using a combination of penetration theory and computational fluid dynamics. • The demonstration of two-fluid Taylor-Couette flow with countercurrent axial flow in the laboratory, including: (1) fluid mechanics studies to determine the onset of two-fluid Taylor-Couette flow, and (2) mass transfer studies to determine intraphase and interphase mass transfer characteristics. The agreement between the theoretical analyses and the experimental results is good for both the fluid mechanics and the mass transfer. Furthermore, the iii extraction performance of two-fluid Taylor-Couette flow with countercurrent axial flow is very promising with the mass transfer coefficient proportional to the strength of Taylor vortices. This suggests that very high extraction efficiencies can be obtained with even larger relative rotation rates or cylinder modification to promote vortex formation. Besides two-fluid Taylor-Couette flow, other instabilities can occur that degrade the extraction performance and should be avoided in the design and operation of an extractor. With low viscosity fluids at low rotation rates, twofluid Taylor-Couette flow is not observed experimentally, but rather the barber pole pattern, which is believed to be a lingering gravitational effect. At high countercurrent axial flowrates, the linear stability analysis predicts a KelvinHelmholtz instability related to the countercurrent flow profile. When axial flow is not present, two computational fluid dynamics packages calculate that vortices paired across the interface can corotate, rather than counterrotate, with each other.
Grain yield, nutrient uptake and water-use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under different moisture regimes, nutrient and hydrogel levels

A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 201314 at Ludhiana, Punjab, to determine the effect of four irrigation regimes (0, 2, 3 and 4 irrigations) and 6 levels of nutrient and hydrogel [100% recom- mended dose of fertilizer (RDF) 150 kg N: 60 kg P O : 30 kg K O/ha without hydrogel, 100% RDF with 2.5 kg/ha 2 5 2 hydrogel, 100% RDF with 5.0 kg/ha hydrogel, 75% RDF without hydrogel, 75% RDF with 2.5 kg/ha hydrogel and 75% RDF with 5.0 kg/ha hydrogel] on wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol. ]. Grain yield was the highest under 4 irrigations which was, however, at par with grain yield under 3 irrigations. Using RDF H , 100 5 RDF H and RDF H , similar grain yield was recorded. Consumptive use was highest under 4 irrigations. Wa- 100 2.5 75 5 ter-use efficiency (WUE) decreased with increase in irrigation levels while it showed an increasing trend with in- crease in hydrogel dose. The highest WUE was found with no irrigations along RDF H which was statistically at 100 5 par with application of 2 irrigations along RDF H and no irrigation RDF H . 100 5 100 2.5
Quantitative Estimation of α-Helix Coil Content in Bovine Serum Albumin by Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy

Heat denaturation of albumin aqueous solution enables us to control the α-helix content to a reasonable level, and denatured albumin, whose conformation is different, can be obtained. Fourier transform-infrared absorption spectra in the amide I, II, and III band regions of these albumins have been measured and compared with each other. As a result, the characteristic frequencies associated with each conformation of α-helix, β-sheet, and random structure have been observed; moreover it has been newly proved that the intensity ratio of the amide II band to the amide I band depends on the α-helix content in albumin. In this paper, we demonstrate that this intensity ratio is very useful for quantitative estimation of α-helix content in albumin and apply this method to analysis of ATR spectra of albumin adsorbed on polyethylene surface.
Prevalence of Fasciola gigantica among sheep in Al-Anbar govrnorate and study of effect for aqoues extract of Urtica urens L. on Viability of Parasite.

: This study was conducted to investigate Prevalence of Fasciola gigantica in Al-Anbar govrnorate by test of (540) slaughtered sheep with different ages and sex (233 males and 307 females) in different areas in Al-Anbar govrnorate (Ramadi, Faluja, Heet, Hadytha, Rutba) by optical test for year 2012.The total infection was 8.3% The infestation percent in females was 10.4% which was higher than the infestation percent in males which was 5.5%. The infestation percent had increased with age progresses. The highest infestation percent was 14.2% at age more than eight years, Also, highest percentage of infection in Ramadi 11.3% and lowest percentage in Rutba 3.7%. Highest percentage of infecdtion was found in October 20% and November 13.6%which decline in June 3.2%. Significant differences were found between the number of Parasite in the gall bladder and their Liver for both males and females at (P> 0.05). The study included the inhibition effect of Urtica urens aqoues extract on Fasciola gigantica viability, the results indicated that F. gigantica viability decreased by (0.1) to (10) Mg/ml concentration and more decreasing by more concentrations, that the viability rate decreased.
A Catalog of Optical Extinction Data for Various Aerosols/Smokes

Abstract : Extinction spectra in the 3- to 5-, 8- to 13-, and 0.4 to 2.4- micrometer spectral region have been obtained for FS (Chlorosulfonic acid + Free SO3), red phosphorus, HC (Zinc oxide, Aluminum, Hexachloroethane), and fog oil smokes. A limited number of theoretical predictions based on Mie theory are also presented and compared with the experimental results. The experimental and computational procedures are described in some detail. These findings are subject to revision; the final report will be published later.
Plant-mediated transformation of perchlorate into chloride

The decontamination of perchlorate-contaminated water by woody plants was investigated in sand and hydroponic bioreactors. Willow trees were found to be the most favorable woody plants with phraetophytic characteristics in comparative screen tests with eastern cottonwoods and Eucalyptus cineria. Willows decontaminated aqueous solutions dosed with 10−100 mg/L of perchlorate to below the method detection limit of 2 μg/L. Two phytoprocesses were identified as important in the remediation of perchlorate-contaminated water: (a) uptake and phytodegradation of perchlorate in the tree branches and leaves and (b) rhizodegradation. Exposure of rooted willow trees to perchlorate-dosed media stimulated rhizodegradation. Homogeneous degradation studies using media from the root zone of dosed willow trees confirmed that rhizosphere-associated microorganisms mediated the degradation of perchlorate to chloride. Experiments conducted with varying ranges of nitrate concentrations clearly indicated that high nitrate concen.
An Intercomparison Study of the Germanium Isotope Composition of Geological Reference Materials

Recent analytical developments in germanium stable isotope determination by multicollector ICP‐MS have provided new perspectives for the use of Ge isotopes as geochemical tracers. Here, we report the germanium isotope composition of the NIST SRM 3120a elemental reference solution that has been calibrated relative to internal isotopic standard solutions used in the previous studies. We also intercalibrate several geological reference materials as well as geological and meteoritic samples using different techniques, including online hydride generation and a spray chamber for sample introduction to MC‐ICP‐MS, and different approaches for mass bias corrections such as sample–calibrator bracketing, external mass bias correction using Ga isotopes and double‐spike normalisation. All methods yielded relatively similar precisions at around 0.1‰ (2s) for δ74/70Ge values. Using igneous and mantle‐derived rocks, the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) δ74/70Ge value was re‐evaluated to be 0.59 ± 0.18‰ (2s) relative to NIST SRM 3120a. Several sulfide samples were also analysed and yielded very negative values, down to −4.3‰, consistent with recent theoretical study of Ge isotope fractionation. The strong heavy isotope depletion in ore deposits also contrasts with the generally positive Ge isotope values found in many modern and ancient marine sediments.
High Temperature Crystal Chemistry and Oxygen Permeation Properties of the Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductors LnBaCo2O5 + δ ( Ln = Lanthanide )

The high temperature crystal chemistry and oxygen permeation properties of the cation-ordered LnBaCo 2 O 5+δ perovskite oxides [lanthanide (Ln) = Pr, Nd, and Sm] have been investigated in comparison with the cation-disordered La 0.5 Ba 0.5 CoO 3-δ perovskite. The LnBaCo 2 O 5+δ (Ln = Pr, Nd, and Sm) oxides exhibit a metal-insulator transition at T 350°C in air, as evidenced by an orthorhombic to tetragonal transition. At a given temperature, the oxygen permeation flux decreases from Ln = La to Nd to Sm due to the changes in crystal symmetry and lattice strain. The oxygen permeation mechanism in the Ln = Nd is bulk-diffusion-limited rather than surface-exchange-limited for membrane thickness L ≥ 1.1 mm.
Comparative Hepatotoxicity Test of Cadmium and Lead in Rats

Background: Adverse environmental impacts include contamination of water, soil, and phytotoxicity from excessive heavy metals dispersed from mines and smelter sites leading to potential risk to human health. This study investigated the comparative hepatotoxicity test of mining pond waters used for domestic purposes in some parts of Plateau State, Nigeria. Methodology: The cellular integrity and function of the liver were assessed using a rat model. The degree of damage was measured using biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, total proteins, albumin and histopathological examination of the liver cells. Results: The results for control, mining pond water and added cadmium and lead were as follow: AST= 1.17±0.08, 1.67±0.72 and 6.45±0.47 IU respectively; ALT= 3.60±0.36, 3.67±0.20 and 9.10±0.20 respectively; Total proteins= 6.61±0.24, 6.15±0.25 and 9.39±0.34 respectively; Albumin= 4.25±0.40, 4.00±0.25 and 3.38±0.29 respectively. Conclusion: Studies indicate that liver function is impeded particularly with respect to protein synthesis, detoxification processes and the cellular integrity of the organ is damaged in the group that cadmium and lead were added (p 0.05). This suggests that the high concentrations of calcium and magnesium in the water sample might be responsible for the inhibition of the absorption of cadmium and lead thereby masking their acute toxic effects as shown in our previous work.
Elaboration of table olives

Table olives are one of the main pickled products prepared throughout the world. Spain is the first producing and exporting country. In general, any processing method aims to remove the natural bitterness of this fruit, caused by the glucoside oleuropein. The most common types of preparation are: Spanish Style Green, Natural Black and Black (Ripe) Olives (darkened by oxidation). In this paper the three elaboration processes are summarized, reviewing the current situation of the different phases of the production process for each one.
SYNTHESIS AND SOLUBILITY OF CRYSTALLINE ANNABERGITE (Ni3(AsO4)2.8H2O)

Abstract Various methods have been tested to synthesise annabergite and the resultant products were characterised. Annabergite was produced by combining Ni(II) and As(V) solutions (Ni/As = 1.5) at pH 7 and room temperature whereas other attempts have generated poorly crystalline compounds. Both TCLP-like and long-term leachability levels of the synthetic annabergite were measured. The Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)-like test shows that the metal concentration decreases with repeated testing indicating the gradual removal of less crystalline material from the product. The longterm solubility studies demonstrate that the dissolution of annabergite reaches equilibrium after 15 days. The long-term solubilities decrease with increasing pH, reaching the minimum level of 48 mg/L As(V) and 0.2 mg/L Ni(II) at pH 9. Annabergite dissolves congruently at pH 3 while at higher pH incongruent dissolution occurs. Acomparison of the data in this study with Nishimura et al shows that the annabergite produced in this work has much lower solubility. On a évalué différentes méthodes de synthèse de l'annabergite et l'on a caractérisé les produits résultants. On a produit de l'annabergite en combinant des solutions (Ni/As = 1.5) de Ni(II) et d'As(V) à un pH de 7 et à la température de la pièce alors que d'autres tentatives ont engendré des composés faiblement cristallins. On a mesuré les niveaux tant de la lessivabilité semblable au Procédé caractéristique de toxicité de lixiviation (TCLP) que de la lessivabilité à long terme de l'annabergite synthétique. L'essai semblable au TCLP montre que la concentration de métal diminue avec la répétition de l'essai, indiquant un enlèvement progressif de matériel moins cristallin provenant du produit. Les études de solubilité à long terme démontrent que la dissolution de l'annabergite atteint un équilibre après 15 jours. Les solubilités à long terme diminuent avec une augmentation du pH, atteignant le niveau minimum de 48 mg/L d'As(V) et de 0.2 mg/L de Ni(II) à un pH de 9. L'annabergite se dissout de façon congruente à un pH de 3 alors qu'à des pH plus élevés, une dissolution incongruente a lieu. Une comparaison des données de cette étude avec celles de Nishimara et al. montre que l'annabergite produite dans ce travail a une solubilité beaucoup plus faible.
Quantitative Analysis of Montmorillonite Platelet Size by Atomic Force Microscopy

This work focuses on the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) for quantitative analysis of the size of suspended, exfoliated platelet materials. In particular, we study a model materialmontmorillonite (MMT) clayand use tapping-mode AFM with image analysis software to quantify the distributions of MMT platelet thickness and aspect ratio. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and AFM confirm that, upon dispersion in water, MMT particles exfoliate into stable platelet suspensions, as is well-known. We use dry weight analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and AFM to assess the impact of sample preparation procedures for exfoliation and obtaining high-quality AFM images. Unexfoliated MMT and other contaminant particles can be removed by low-speed centrifugation; however, large exfoliated platelets are increasingly removed as centrifugal acceleration increases. Dilution of MMT suspensions with acetone prior to deposition onto mica leads to high-quality AFM images with many isolated.
Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Anthraquinones and Evaluation of Their Antitumor Activity

Highly functionalized anthraquinones which derive from the natural products mensacarcin, islandicin, and chrysophanol have been efficiently synthesized using a Diels–Alder reaction as key step. The introduction of the proposed pharmacophoric side chain unit has been achieved by an addition of an aryllithium species onto different aldehydes. Furthermore, the antitumor activity of these novel compounds has been studied by the in vitro growth inhibition of human lung carcinoma cells of line A549. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Clinical Study on Apolipoprotein E Distribution, Metabolism and Glycation

Apolipoproteins have important roles in the transport of lipids and the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism as cofactors for enzymes and ligands for receptor-binding. Their function and metabolism are closely related to the development of many diseases. This dissertation describes the investigation of the distribution and metabolism of apoE and glycated apoE in diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidaemia in comparison with healthy people. In order to carry out the research, I developed several robust laboratory methods and techniques for the isolation and measurement of apoE and glycated apoE. These included (1) a modified in-house ultracentrifugation for isolation of lipoprotein fractions (2) high sensitivity sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for apoE and (3) m-aminophenylboronate affinity chromatography for the separation of glycated and non- glycated apoE.In healthy people the apoE concentration in different lipoprotein fractions is influenced by age, gender and apoE genotype. The effect of atorvastatin on serum apoE concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes with nephropathy was dependent on the dose of atorvastatin and apoE genotype and was strongly correlated with the reduction in triglycerides (TG) in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). The effect of bariatric surgery on obese patients with and without diabetes demonstrated that after bariatric surgery, VLDL-apoE increased and apoE in low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and d>1.21g/ml fractions decreased; both glycated LDL-apoE and glycated HDL-apoE decreased. Total apoE and glycated apoE concentrations in plasma decreased to levels comparable to those of healthy controls. However, the distribution within the lipoprotein fractions was very different.The effect of niacin/laropiprant (LRPT) on lipoproteins in hyperlipidaemia patients was assessed in a blind crossover trial. Niacin/LRPT slightly decreased VLDL-apoE and LDL-apoE. It had no effect on apoE in HDL. Glycated apoE did not change in hyperlipidaemia.These results show that, compared with healthy people, the apoE distribution in obese and hyperlipidaemia patients is abnormal despite no change in total apoE concentration in some cases. The results also demonstrate that glycated apoE originates preferentially from VLDL. Various mechanisms for these results and relationships with other lipids are discussed. Furthermore, I suggest several potential directions, especially in vitro, for further research on apoE function and metabolism.
The role of acid in the formation of hydrogen-bonded networks featuring 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine (H2dcbp): : Synthesis, structural and magnetic characterisation of {[Cu(H2dcbp)Cl2].H2O}2 and [Cu(H2dcbp)(NO3)2(H2O)]

Reported herein are the synthesis, structural and magnetic characterisation of two hydrogen-bonded networks featuring the 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine (H2dcbp) ligand: {[Cu(H2dcbp)(Cl)2]·H2O}2 1 and [Cu(H2dcbp)(NO3)2(H2O)] 2. Compounds 1 and 2 result from the reaction of CuCl2 and Cu(NO3)2, respectively, with H2dcbp under hydrothermal conditions in the presence of either HCl or HNO3. The acid ensures that H2dcbp remains protonated and provides the anions required for charge balance irrespective of Cu(II) precursor. Within 1 and 2 the H2dcbp ligand performs a dual role of Cu(II) coordination, via the 2,2′-bipyridine moiety, and propagates the formation of chains through hydrogen-bonding involving the peripheral 4,4′-dicarboxylic acid functionalities. Additional hydrogen bonding between the 4,4′-dicarboxylic acid groups, metal bound chloride and nitrate anions, in 1 and 2 respectively, and water molecules generate 3D networks. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal very weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the Cu(II) centres across the chloride bridges in 1 (J = −3.02 cm−1).