Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CFD modelling of laminar‐turbulent transition for airfoils and rotors using the γ − model

When predicting the flow over airfoils and rotors, the laminar-turbulent transition process can be important for the aerodynamic performance. Today, the most widespread approach is to use fully turbulent computations, where the transitional process is ignored and the entire boundary layer on the wings or airfoils is handled by the turbulence model. The correlation based transition model has lately shown promising results, and the present paper describes the effort of deriving the two non-public empirical correlations of the model to make the model complete. To verify the model it is applied to flow over a flat plate, flow over the S809 and the NACA63-415 airfoils, flow over a prolate spheroid at zero and thirty degrees angle of attack, and finally to the NREL Phase VI wind turbine rotor for the zero yaw upwind cases from the NREL/NASA Ames wind tunnel test. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Processing body dynamics drive non-genetic MEK inhibitors tolerance by fine-tuning KRAS and NRAS translation

Overactivation of the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a critical driver of many human cancers. However, therapies targeting this pathway have proven effective in only a few cancers, as cancers inevitably develop resistance. Puzzling observations suggest that MAPK targeting fails in tumors due to early compensatory RAS overexpression, albeit by unexplained mechanisms. We identified a novel mechanism of drug tolerance to MEK inhibitors (MEKi) that involves Processing Bodies (PBs), a membraneless organelle (MLO). MEKi promoted translation of the oncogenes KRAS and NRAS, which in turn triggered BRAF phosphorylation. This overexpression, which occurred in the absence of neotranscription, depended on PB dissolution as the source of the RAS mRNA. Moreover, in response to MEKi removal, the process was dynamic as PBs rapidly reformed and reduced MAPK signaling. These results highlight a dynamic spatiotemporal negative feedback loop of MAPK signaling via RAS mRNA sequestration. Furthermore, we observed a phenotype with a low number of PBs along with strong KRAS and NRAS induction capacities. Overall, we describe a new intricate mechanism involving PBs in the translational regulation of essential cellular signaling pathways like MAPKs, paving the way for future therapies altering MLO and thereby improving targeted cancer therapies.
Nozzle throat optimization for supersonic jet noise reduction

Noise from engines that operate at supersonic conditions, especially high performance military aircraft, often utilize a converging-diverging nozzle with variable area control. This design usually includes a sharp nozzle throat which creates internal shock formation. Turbulent structure interaction with these shocks results in additional noise components other than turbulent mixing noise to be introduced to the jet noise spectrum. The present study investigates how weakening the internal shocks affects the flow and acoustics of a Mach 1.6 jet. RANS simulations were used to minimize internal shock formation and optimize the flow contours of the converging portion and throat of a C-D nozzle. A response surface methodology was used to evaluate 3000 possible designs using the RANS results as model inputs. An experimental investigation was conducted with a splined nozzle design that is virtually free of internal shocks. The flow field was measured using PIV for comparison with RANS and LES. Mean velocity and turbulence was captured well by the computations for the sharp throat and splined nozzles. Although the throat shocks were nearly eliminated, the overall shock strength was relatively unchanged. Far-field acoustic results showed little difference at thrust matched conditions since the overall shock strength was unchanged. The nozzle performance is greatly improved through throat optimization, providing equivalent thrust with 4% less pressure with no acoustic penalty.
Apparent Modulus of elasticity of maturing pecans

ABSTRACT UP to one-third of the pecans on some trees are lost because they rupture while in the water stage. Changes in the mechanical properties of developing pecans may give insight into the rupture problem. Values for the apparent modulus of elasticity (stiffness) of developing pecan wall material were experimentally determined by using a three-point loading procedure. These values were analyzed according to the pecan age, cultivar, and orientation of loading. The stiffness of pecan walls increased with age, although differences existed among the four cultivars tested. Surprisingly, the cultivar most likely to rupture ('Wichita') had the highest stiffness on days when rupture occurred. Tests with different loading orientations showed that the pecan walls tested were anisotropic. Reversing the loading direction showed the wall material tested could not always be considered homogeneous.
Balanced Leave-One-Subject-Out Cross- Validation for Microsleep Classification

Abstract Inter-individual differences in the feature distribution of electroencephalograms (EEG) during microsleep (MS) raise questions about the generalizability of the methodology, because methodology should have the same validity for subjects to be included in the analysis in the future as for subjects included so far. We address this question using leave-one-subject- out cross-validation (LOSO CV) to simulate inclusion of test data from future subjects. Investigations are based on EEG of 70 subjects across four studies conducted in our driving simulation lab. 9,297 MS and 10,264 counter-examples of sustained attention (SA) were included in the analysis. Three variants of sample balancing are compared: (1) none, (2) overall balancing, and (3) between-subjects balancing. Resulting classification accuracies range from 80% to 100% for 67 subjects, but for 3 subjects they are at 66.5%, 73.1%, 78.3%. Averaged across subjects, accuracies were (1) 90.2%, (2) 90.2% and (3) 89.1%. Thus, balancing might not be essential if LOSO CV is performed over a sufficiently large number of subjects. Results of standard CV must be regarded as optimistically biased.
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON LIFE CYCLE OF HIGHWAYS

Several representative environmental loads emitted from the life cycle of highways, which form one of the major infrastruc- ture sectors, were estimated. The life cycle of highways was divided into four stages—manufacturing of construction materials, construc- tion, maintenance/repair, and the demolition/recycling stage. Energy consumption in each life cycle stage was quantified, and environ- mental load was estimated by applying the environmental emissions factor per each energy source. As a result, it is estimated that the most energy was consumed in the manufacturing stage of construction materials, with consumption of 1,525.8 tons of oil equivalent ~TOE! per functional unit ~1 km and four lanes of highway! Energy consumption in the maintenance and repair stage was also relatively high among the life cycle stages; the next highest consumption was for the construction and demolition stage. Through the whole life cycle of 20 years, 2,676.8 TOE of energy per functional unit was consumed, and this corresponds to SO2 ,N O x , and CO2 emissions of 62.1 tons, 17.1 tons, and 2,438.5 T-C, respectively.
Quantitative assessment of ventricular far field removal techniques for clinical unipolar electrograms

Abstract The incidence of atrial tachycardia steadily increases in industrial nations. During invasive electrophysiological studies, a catheter measures electrograms within the atrium to assist detailed diagnosis and treatment planning. With unipolar and bipolar electrograms, two different acquisition modes are clinically available. Unipolar electrograms have several advantages over bipolar electrograms. However, unipolar electrograms are more affected by noise and the ventricular far field. Therefore, only bipolar electrograms are typically used in clinical settings. A recently published ventricular far field removal technique models the ventricular far field by a set of dipoles and yielded promising results in a simulation study. However, the method lacks quantitative clinical validation. Therefore, we adapted the technique to clinical needs and applied it to data sets of two patients using four different lengths of the removal window. Results were compared quantitatively by a tailored residual error measure. The used method resulted in a median reduction of the ventricular far field by approximately 89% using a removal window of optimal length for both patients. The results showed that the dipole method provides an alternative to other VFF removal techniques in clinical practice because it can reveal AA originally hidden by VFF without leading to a prolongation of the electrophysiological study.
Neuropeptide changes in an improved migraine model with repeat stimulations

Abstract Migraine is a medical condition with a severe recursive headache. The activation of the trigeminovascular system is an important mechanism. The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of migraine. Several other neuropeptides are also involved; however, their roles in migraine remain unclear. In this study, using a rat model of migraine induced by electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglia (TG) and an improved version induced with repeated stimulation, we observed the dynamic changes of these peptides in TG and blood. We demonstrated that the expression of CGRP, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide, and nociceptin in TG was significantly elevated and peaked at different time points after a single stimulation. Their levels in the blood plasma were significantly increased at 12 h after stimulation. The peptides were further elevated with repeated stimulation. The improved rat model of migraine with repeated stimulation of TG resulted in a more pronounced elevation of CGRP, PACAP, and NPY. Thus, the dynamic changes in neuropeptides after stimulation suggest that these neuropeptides may play an important role in the pathogenesis of migraine. Additionally, the migraine model with repetitive stimulation would be a novel model for future research.
Chromatic dispersion in fiber-optic microwave and millimeter-wave links

The influence of chromatic fiber-dispersion on the transmission distance of fiber-optic microwave and millimeter-wave links is analyzed and discussed in this paper. It is shown that dispersion significantly limits the transmission distance in intensity modulated direct detection links operating in the above 20 GHz frequency region by inducing a carrier to noise penalty on the transmitted signal. At 60 GHz, a 1 dB penalty is induced after less than 500 m transmission over standard single-mode fiber with a dispersion of 17 ps/km/spl middot/nm and the signal is completely extinct after 1 km. In remote heterodyne detection links, the dispersion induces both a carrier to noise penalty and a phase noise increase on the transmitted signal. It is shown, however, that the induced carrier to noise penalty is insignificant. At 60 GHz, the induced penalty is less than 0.3 dB after 100 km transmission. The phase noise increase proves more dominant. At 60 GHz, a 150 Mbit/s QPSK signal is limited to around 10 km of transmission.
Matrix Gla-protein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is related to risk factors in cardiovascular diseased patients

Abstract Objectives Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a calcification inhibitor that plays a role in preventing soft tissue calcification and local mineralization of the vascular wall. The present study aimed to assess the expression of MGP in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) in adult patients with CVD pathologies and its association with the presence and severity of coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and conventional CVD risk factors. Methods MGP expression was measured in 87 individuals using real time qPCR. Subgrouping was performed according etiologic and metabolic CVD risk factors. Results A clear trend for a decreased MGP expression was observed in all subgroups with high CVD risk. This decrease was significant in abdominally obese hypertensive individuals and in those with dyslipidemia. MGP expression was significantly lower in patients representing high Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. A positive correlation between MGP expression and smoking status in patients with coronary calcium and in the CVD group was established. Atrial hypertension duration correlated negatively with MGP expression in the group without coronary calcium deposits. Conclusions The current study supports the hypothesis that MGP expression in PBMC probably reflects CVD pathology and is related to lipid metabolism dysregulation.
The In Situ Human Dental Implantome: A First Appraisal

Abstract Protein adsorption is the first fundamental interaction between the human body and a foreign surface. The sum of all proteins in this adherent proteinaceous layer comprises the implant proteome. The in situdental implant proteome (implantome) was eluted from four implants of two wettabilities after a 2-min dipping in the humor operationis of maxillar tooth sockets. A mean number of 2056 different polypeptides per implant were identified according to the Xcorr method (Xcorr score ≥ 1.5, n ≥ 2 peptides). In the top 12 proteins comprising ca. 47% of the total abundance, cell-free hemoglobin (26.7%) was the most abundant, followed by fibrinogen (6.4%) and serum albumin (1.8%) with additional 1,800 lower abundance polypeptides, which contained ca. 34 salivary and a similar number of autoimmunogenic polypeptides. Selective enrichment of cell-free hemoglobin on the implant vs. albumin was estimated to 270 fold
In vitro release of chlorhexidine from UV-cured PEGDA drug delivery scaffolds

Abstract Drug delivery systems (DDS) are suitable for controlled local drug release in order to ensure safety and effectiveness of medical treatment. The choice and characterization of biomaterials that can be used as a DDS is a challenging step in the administration of drugs. Novel 3D printing photopolymerization-based techniques create the possibility for designing individual, patient-tailored DDS. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate`s (PEGDA`s) chemical and biological properties make it a suitable photopolymerisable resin for the creation of DDS. This study describes the in vitro release of the antiseptic drug chlorhexidine (CHX) from UV-cured PEGDA and its copolymers (butanediol diacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate) samples. A substantial decrease in CHX release with increasing concentration of the copolymers in comparison to pure PEGDA was obtained only for butanediol diacrylate. For pentaerythritol triacrylate and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate only a tendency of decreased CHX release with increasing concentration was detected. Therefore, release profiles of the low molecular drug CHX from PEGDA samples could be modified by the addition of copolymers with a different number of acrylate groups and PEGDA can be considered as a promising candidate for the preparation of novel DDS.
Unsteady turbulent flow simulations of the base of a generic tractor/trailer.

Preliminary results are presented for Detached Eddy Simulations (DES) of a generic tractor/trailer geometry at a Reynolds number of 2 million based on the trailer width. The DES simulations are compared to both experimental data and to steady-state Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computations using the Menter k-ω turbulence model. These comparisons include both time-averaged base pressures and wake velocities. The DES results do not provide improved agreement with the experimental data relative to the steady-state RANS results. The lack of improved agreement is likely due to insufficient mesh refinement.
An evaluation of selected supply chain management elements in department of community safety and transport management in Mahikeng

Abstract The study aimed to determine the shortcomings and identify factors that can improve the effective implementation of demand management and supply chain performance management in the department of community safety and transport management. The study, followed positivism paradigm in which quantitative research method was used to collect and analyse data. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants. This questionnaire was paper based and online (Google Forms). The sample was composed of the managers drawn from the department of community safety and transport management. The findings of the study revealed that when implemented effectively, demand management and SCPM will improve the entire SCM system. Also, the study revealed that there are drawbacks to these two. These relates to non-collaborative planning, non-adherence to legislations, misunderstanding of these concepts. The study finally revealed that there are factors that can improve the implementation of demand management and SCPM, which include: the monitoring of suppliers through contract management activities and others.
Design of ultra-wideband antenna for the localization of pulmonary lesions during thoracoscopic surgery

Abstract Biopsies or surgical excisions for diagnosis should be taken for pulmonary lesions which show evidence of growth or are larger than 8 mm. This is usually performed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. To improve the intraoperative localization of these lesions, we propose to add an ultra-wideband antenna directly on a thoracoscopic tool and locate the lesion through microwave imaging. Here the design of an antenna for such a goal is undertaken. Numerical simulations are used to quantify the influence of a fictional lung lesion on the signal recorded by a bowtie antenna of different lengths (2 to 6 cm) and widths (0.5 to 1.5 cm). It is found that the most important design parameter is the total length of the antenna. The width of the antenna, instead, affects only marginally the signals, but it has a limited effect for deeper lesions
Responsible Leadership Fuels Innovative Behavior: The Mediating Roles of Socially Responsible Human Resource Management and Organizational Pride

Leaders are under increasing pressure to inspire innovative endeavors in responsible ways. However, whether and how responsible leadership can fuel employee innovative behavior remains unknown. Therefore, drawing on social identity theory and social exchange theory, this study aims to investigate the psychological mechanisms underlying the responsible leadership-innovative behavior relationship. Multi-phase data were collected from 280 employees working in Chinese manufacturing firms to test the hypotheses using hierarchical regression analyses and the bootstrap method. The results reveal that responsible leadership is positively related to innovative behavior. Additionally, perceived socially responsible human resource management (HRM) and organizational pride separately and sequentially mediate the responsible leadership-innovative behavior relationship. This study empirically reveals the effectiveness of responsible leadership and sheds new light on the psychological processes through which it facilitates innovative behavior, revealing the generalizability of responsible leadership and innovative behavior in the Chinese context. Moreover, we respond to the call for incorporating leadership theory into HRM research and further advance the existing knowledge on both antecedents and outcomes of socially responsible HRM. For practical guidance, organizations are encouraged to foster innovation through investment in responsible management practices. Research limitations and implications are also discussed.
Quantification of Gender Bias and Sentiment Toward Political Leaders Over 20 Years of Kenyan News Using Natural Language Processing

Background: Despite a 2010 Kenyan constitutional amendment limiting members of elected public bodies to < two-thirds of the same gender, only 22 percent of the 12th Parliament members inaugurated in 2017 were women. Investigating gender bias in the media is a useful tool for understanding socio-cultural barriers to implementing legislation for gender equality. Natural language processing (NLP) methods, such as word embedding and sentiment analysis, can efficiently quantify media biases at a scope previously unavailable in the social sciences. Methods: We trained GloVe and word2vec word embeddings on text from 1998 to 2019 from Kenya’s Daily Nation newspaper. We measured gender bias in these embeddings and used sentiment analysis to predict quantitative sentiment scores for sentences surrounding female leader names compared to male leader names. Results: Bias in leadership words for men and women measured from Daily Nation word embeddings corresponded to temporal trends in men and women’s participation in political leadership (i.e., parliamentary seats) using GloVe (correlation 0.8936, p = 0.0067, r2 = 0.799) and word2vec (correlation 0.844, p = 0.0169, r2 = 0.712) algorithms. Women continue to be associated with domestic terms while men continue to be associated with influence terms, for both regular gender words and female and male political leaders’ names. Male words (e.g., he, him, man) were mentioned 1.84 million more times than female words from 1998 to 2019. Sentiment analysis showed an increase in relative negative sentiment associated with female leaders (p = 0.0152) and an increase in positive sentiment associated with male leaders over time (p = 0.0216). Conclusion: Natural language processing is a powerful method for gaining insights into and quantifying trends in gender biases and sentiment in news media. We found evidence of improvement in gender equality but also a backlash from increased female representation in high-level governmental leadership.
Deep Brain Stimulation and Treatment Outcomes of Young- and Late-Onset (≤55 Years) Parkinson's Disease: A Population-Based Study

Background: No studies have reported the rate of motor complications (MC) and response to medical and surgical treatment in a population-based cohort of young-onset Parkinson's Disease (YOPD) patients and a cohort of sex-matched late-onset Parkinson's Disease (LOPD). Objective: To assess the outcomes of dopaminergic treatment in YOPD and LOPD, explore treatment-induced MC, medical adjustment, and rate of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Methods: We used the expanded Rochester Epidemiology Project (eREP) to investigate a population-based cohort of YOPD between 2010 and 2015 in 7 counties in Minnesota. Cases with onset ≤55 years of age were included as YOPD. An additional sex-matched cohort of LOPD (onset at ≥56 years of age) was included for comparison. All medical records were reviewed to confirm the diagnoses. Results: In the seven counties 2010–15, there were 28 YOPD patients, which were matched with a LOPD cohort. Sixteen (57%) YOPD had MC, as compared to 9 (32%) LOPD. In YOPD, 9 had motor fluctuations (MF) and Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) together, whereas 3 had LID only and 4 MF only. In LOPD, 3 had MF and LID, 3 MF only, and 3 LID only. Following medical treatment for MC, 6/16 YOPD (38%) and 3/9 (33%) LOPD had symptoms resolution. In YOPD, 11/16 (69%) were considered for DBS implantation, in LOPD they were 2/9 (22%), but only 7 (6 YOPD and 1 LOPD) underwent the procedure. YOPD had significantly higher rates in both DBS candidacy and DBS surgery (respectively, p = 0.03 and p = 0.04). Among DBS-YOPD, 5/6 (83%) had positive motor response to the surgery; the LOPD case had a poor response. We report the population-based incidence of both YOPD with motor complications and YOPD undergoing DBS, which were 1.17 and 0.44 cases per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Conclusion: Fifty-seven percent of our YOPD patients and 32% of the LOPD had motor complications. Roughly half of both YOPD and LOPD were treatment resistant. YOPD had higher rates of DBS candidacy and surgery. Six YOPD and 1 LOPD underwent DBS implantation and most of them had a positive motor response after the surgery.