Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The"zeroth law"of turbulence: Isotropic turbulence simulations revisited

The dimensionless kinetic energy dissipation rate C ε is estimated from numerical simulations of statistically stationary isotropic box turbulence that is slightly compressible. The Taylor microscale Reynolds number (Re λ ) range is 20 . Re λ . 220 and the statistical stationarity is achieved with a random phase forcing method. The strong Re λ dependence of C ε abates when Re λ ≈ 100 after which C ε slowly approaches ≈ 0 . 5 , a value slightly diﬀerent to previously reported simulations but in good agreement with experimental results. If C ε is estimated at a speciﬁc time step from the time series of the quantities involved it is necessary to account for the time lag between energy injection and energy dissipation. Also, the resulting value can diﬀer from the ensemble averaged value by up to ± 30% . This may explain the spread in results from previously published estimates of C ε
Problem-Based Learning Materials in Upskilling Mathematics Critical Thinking Skills

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) material to the critical thinking skills of Grade 10 students in Mathematics. The study used experimental research design by measuring the improvement on the performance of the students after the implementation of the researcher-made PBL material. It also used survey strategy to assess the acceptance of the students on the quality of the developed PBL material and correlated the results with the critical thinking skills before and after the use of the material using paper and pen test. Results revealed that learning experiences relate to inferring, communicating, and problem-solving. There is also significant relationship between learning outcomes and communicating and problem solving. Both effectiveness and efficiency and user-friendliness significantly relate to communicating learning experience while congruence relates significantly to all critical thinking skills. Thus, learners’ use of the PBL material increases their critical thinking skills as evidenced by the t–test results showing significantly different critical thinking skills before and after the use of PBL material. With the improved level of students’ critical thinking skills, the PBL material may be used as a supplementary in the delivery of the lessons in any subject area.
New Observations and a New Interpretation of CO(3-2) in IRAS F10214+4724

New observations with the IRAM interferometer of CO(3-2) from the highly luminous galaxy IRAS F10214+4724 show the source is 1. ″5 × ≤0. ″9; they display no evidence of any velocity gradient. This size, together with optical and IR data that show the galaxy is probably gravitationally lensed, lead to a new model for the CO distribution. In contrast to many lensed objects, we have a good estimate of the intrinsic CO and far-IR surface brightnesses, so we can derive the CO and far-IR/sub-mm magnifications. The CO is magnified 10 times and has a true radius of 400 pc, and the far-IR is magnified 13 times and has a radius of 250 pc. The true far-IR luminosity is 4-7 × 1012 L☉, and the molecular gas mass is 2 × 1010 M☉. This is nearly an order of magnitude less than previously estimated. Because the far-IR magnification is lower than the mid- and near-IR magnification, the intrinsic spectral energy distribution now peaks in the far-infrared. That is, nearly all the energy of this object is absorbed and reemitted in the far-infrared. In CO luminosity, molecular gas content, CO line width, and corrected far-IR luminosity, 10214+472 is a typical, warm, IR ultraluminous galaxy.
Efficacy of multiple Biomarkers: NGAL, KIM1, Cystatin C and IL18 in predicting pregnancy related acute kidney injury

Objective: Several biomarkers like NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18, and Cystatin C has been previously reported as reliable marker to predict AKI. However, their predictive accuracy varies widely. We aim to observe the efficacy of multiple markers, NGAL, KIM-1, Cystatin C and IL-18, in obstetric population who are at risk of developing AKI. Methods: This prospective study was carried out between June 2021 to March 2022 at Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Unit II, Ruth Pfau KM Civil Hospital and Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplant (SIUT), Karachi Pakistan. On women brought to OBGYN-ER with the diagnosis of hemorrhage (antepartum and postpartum), hypertension (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia) and sepsis. The urine samples and 3cc blood was collected at the time of admission, blood sample processed for biochemistry at time of admission and repeat blood samples for serum creatinine at 24 and 48 hours. Urine was stored at -80ºC and later evaluated for NGAL, KIM-1, Cystatin C and IL-18. Serum Cystatin C was also processed for the time zero sample. The biomarkers were tested using ELISA assays. Results: A total of 149 women were included in the study, 83% of these women were non-booked. Twenty-six (17%) women developed AKI. Serum Cystatin C, urinary Cystatin C and urinary NGAL were found significantly raised in women who developed AKI. While KIM-1 and IL-18 were not raised to statistical significance in this population. However, urinary KIM-1 along with urinary Cystatin C were significantly raised in women with positive quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA). Conclusion: This study validates the use of serum and urinary Cystatin C and urinary NGAL as highly predictable biomarkers for the development of AKI and nullifies urinary IL-18 and KIM-1 in this regard.
Destination inspiration: scale development and validation

ABSTRACT Although studies in psychology and marketing fields have examined inspiration theory, relevant concepts and measurement tools are lacking for inspiration in the context of destinations. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 involved a literature review and in-depth interviews, which were employed to conceptualize destination inspiration and to develop a reliable and valid scale. In Study 2, the developed scale was applied to investigate the relationship between the antecedents and consequences of destination inspiration. The scale can support in exploring the relationship between destination inspiration and its related constructs; the research model may also guide the direction of future research.
Listening Behaviour and Assertive Communications in Preventing Switching Intentions of Hospital Customers

Several studies have shown that listening behavior affects customer satisfaction, which in turn has a negative effect on switching intention. In addition, customer behavior intention is also influenced by assertive communications. Does this apply in the context of non-face-to-face communication, such as a hospital call center? The role of hospital call center officers is becoming increasingly important in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Officers must answer community questions and provide the latest information. Several studies have not seen the effect of listening behavior and assertive communication on call center officers. Using quantitative methods, the research population was hospital patients in Indonesia who contacted the call center at least once in the last 6 months. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire in Google Docs format that was sent directly via e-mail and Instagram direct messages to respondents. This online survey technique is carried out in a web-based selfadministered manner. After testing the validity and reliability, the results of this study prove that listening behavior and assertive communication affect switching intention. In addition, corporate reputation is also proven to moderate the influence of listening behavior and assertive communication on switching intention.
Kinematics and electromyographic activity of horse riders during various cross-country jumps in equestrian

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to identify the key biomechanical patterns (functional muscles and kinematics) of amateur horse riders during various cross-country jumps in equestrian. Eleven riders first performed a control condition that corresponded to jumps over three different obstacles (log wall, brush and tree trunk) before jumping over the same three obstacles in a cross-country course. 3D Kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) activity was synchronously collected which included seven muscles of the riders back, lower and upper limbs. Maximum voluntary isometric strength of knee extensors was also measured before and immediately after the race to investigate potential fatigue. Our results showed similar EMG activity for the different obstacles. Whereas some kinematics alterations were observed between obstacles. Moreover, back movements alterations were recorded between the jumps of the cross-country as compared to the control condition. Finally, muscle strength was not altered after the race. In conclusion, our study indicates that upper and lower body muscles contributed to the realisation of various jumps during a cross-country and that the different configurations of the obstacles did not induced specific muscular and kinematic responses.
Longitudinally Dependent Ozone Increase in the Antarctic Polar Vortex Revealed by Balloon and Satellite Observations

The horizontal structure of processes causing increases in ozone in the Antarctic polar vortex was examined using data measured in 2003 from an ozonesonde observation campaign at Syowa Station (39.68E, 69.08S) and from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer II (ILAS-II) onboard the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite II. The ILAS-II data are daily and distributed uniformly at 14 points in the zonal direction, mostly at polar latitudes. The Antarctic ozone hole that developed in 2003 was one of the largest recorded. The period of focus in this study is 26 September through 24 October, when a strong polar vortex was situated in the stratosphere. An ozone mixing ratio contour (1.0 ppmv) moved downward near a height of 20 km during the period of focus. This increase in ozone is likely to result from downward transport of ozone-rich air originating from lower latitudes by Brewer‐Dobson circulation. First, the descent rate of the mixing ratio contour was estimated by taking the geometric height as the vertical coordinate for the deep vortex interior around 20 km. A significant longitudinal dependence was observed. An analysis using ECMWF operational data shows that this dependence can be approximately explained by longitudinally dependent vertical movements of the isentropes caused by a zonal wavenumber-1 quasi-stationary planetary wave with amplitude and phases varying on a seasonal time scale. Next, the descent rate was calculated around 500 K (around 20 km) by taking the potential temperature (isentrope) as the vertical coordinate. The longitudinal dependence was still present using this coordinate, meaning that the ozone mixing ratio and its increase are not constant on the isentropic layer even in the interior of the polar vortex. A backward trajectory analysis showed that air parcels with large ozone mixing ratios were mostly transported from the polar vortex boundary region. This result suggests that lateral transport/mixing is important even before the breakup of the polar vortex. Results from a tracer‐tracer correlation analysis of O3 and long-lived constituent N2O were also consistent with this inference. The contribution of lateral mixing to the increase in ozone was estimated at about 17% 6 4% that of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation around 20 km, using the calculated descent rates. The results of this study also imply that Lagrangian downward motions in the vortex interior are not correctly estimated without accounting for lateral mixing, even if the polar vortex is dynamically stable.
NGC 3256: Kinematic Anatomy of a Merger

We have used the Australia Telescope Compact Array to image the neutral hydrogen in the merging system NGC 3256, to test the idea that globular clusters (GCs) form during the interactions and mergers of disk galaxies. We compare our observations with hydrodynamical numerical simulations from the literature to examine the hypothesis that the H I fragments with masses greater than 107±1 M⊙ are sites of GC formation. We appear to have detected detached H I fragments in the vicinity of NGC 3256. These fragments, with masses ∼107 M⊙, may have little dark matter content, which is also a characteristic of globular clusters, and so our observations support the hypothesis that globular clusters form in the type of interaction that resulted in NGC 3256.
Profile, Patterns of Intake and Perceived Side Effects of Over-The-Counter Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

One of the ways in which body pain can be relieved is by medications which are readily available. Over-the-counter Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory (OTC-NSAIDs) drugs are the most common for this purpose. However, OTC-NSAIDs are associated with side effects that range from mild to serious. In this context, the study aims to determine the profile of the respondents and their patterns of intake of OTC-NSAIDs and its perceived side effects. A descriptive type of research was utilized to profile the 90 respondents selected through purposive sampling technique. Majority of the respondents were female, with age groups are 40 and above and 40 and below and are mostly employed. The respondents’ intake of the OTC-NSAIDs were according to the most frequent causes namely: headache, backache, body ache and shoulder pain. The study revealed generic mefenamic acid, 250mg as the medication taken for up to two days or after the pains eased to which the duration of intake lasted up to 6 months only, though there were respondents whose duration of intake lasted for 1 year or longer. Although there were side-effects such as drowsiness/sleepiness, abdominal pains due to acidity, dizziness, and mild diarrhea being experienced, most of the respondents depend on the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve the pains they experienced.
Assessing the quality of restored images in optical long-baseline interferometry

Assessing the quality of aperture synthesis maps is relevant for benchmarking image reconstruction algorithms, for the scientific exploitation of data from optical long-baseline interferometers, and for the design/upgrade of new/existing interferometric imaging facilities. Although metrics have been proposed in these contexts, no systematic study has been conducted on the selection of a robust metric for quality assessment. This article addresses the question: what is the best metric to assess the quality of a reconstructed image? It starts by considering several metrics, and selecting a few based on general properties. Then, a variety of image reconstruction cases is considered. The observational scenarios are phase closure and phase referencing at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI), for a combination of two, three, four and six telescopes. End-to-end image reconstruction is accomplished with the MiRA software, and several merit functions are put to test. It is found that convolution by an effective point spread function is required for proper image quality assessment. The effective angular resolution of the images is superior to naive expectation based on the maximum frequency sampled by the array. This is due to the prior information used in the aperture synthesis algorithm and to the nature of the objects considered. The l1 norm is the most robust of all considered metrics, because being linear it is less sensitive to image smoothing by high regularisation levels. For the cases considered, this metric allows the implementation of automatic quality assessment of reconstructed images, with a performance similar to human selection.
Dynamic stability of columns subjected to follower loads : A survey

Abstract This paper offers a survey of simple, flexible structural elements subjected to non-conservative follower loads, such as those caused by the thrust of rocket- and jet engines, and by dry friction in automotive disk- and drum-brake systems. Emphasis is on the “canonical problems”, Beck's, Reut's, Leipholz's, and Hauger's columns. Beck's and Reut's columns have been realized experimentally, and very good agreement between theory and experiments has been found. Leipholz's column is basically realized in an automobile brake system, where noise due to dynamic or parametric instability (brake squeal) is a well-known environmental problem. It is attempted to give a broad overview, with emphasis on experimental works and the associated theoretical problems. Structural optimization is also included in the review, as many studies in that area have served an important purpose in the development of optimization techniques for practical, large-scale optimization problems with non-conservative forces, such as in aeroelasticity.
On homomorphic images of szilard languages

In this paper we study homomorphic images of Szilard languages (of context-free grammars). First, the relationship between context-free languages and homomorphic images of Szilard languages is considered. Secondly, it is shown that there is a proper hierarchy of language classes. , is the class of languages obtained from Szilard languages by homomorphisms h such that the length of h(ρ) is at most i for each label ρ
Coupling between acoustic velocity oscillations and solid-propellantcombustion

Abstract : The fluid mechanics of the coupling between acoustic waves and the solid propellant combustion have been studied in a cold flow simulation of a solid propellant rocket motor. The axial variation of the oscillatory heat flux shows substantial deviations from the behavior expected from both the linear and nonlinear heuristic models of velocity coupling that are currently used in combustion stability analyses. Keywords: solid propellants, combustion, acoustics, instability.
THE POLARON REVISITED

In recent years, the spectral properties of the translation invariant Nelson model has been studied. Some of the results obtained did not extend to the related polaron model for technical reasons related to the typical assumption of boundedness of the phonon dispersion relation in the polaron model. In this paper, we work with a large class of linearly coupled translation invariant models which includes both the Nelson model and H. Frohlich's polaron model. The problems considered are chosen based on relevance for the polaron model. A key input is an analysis of the behavior of the bottom of the spectrum of the fiber Hamiltonians at large total momentum.
Constraining interacting dark energy with CMB and BAO future surveys

In this paper, we perform a forecast analysis to test the capacity of future baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments to constrain phenomenological interacting dark energy models using the Fisher matrix formalism. We consider a Euclid-like experiment, in which BAO measurements is one of the main goals, to constrain the cosmological parameters of alternative cosmological models. Moreover, additional experimental probes can more efficiently provide information on the parameters forecast, justifying also the inclusion in the analysis of a future ground-based CMB experiment mainly designed to measure the polarization signal with high precision. In the interacting dark energy scenario, a coupling between dark matter and dark energy modifies the conservation equations such that the fluid equations for both constituents are conserved as the total energy density of the dark sector. In this context, we consider three phenomenological models which have been deeply investigated in literature over the past years. We find that the combination of both CMB and BAO information can break degeneracies among the dark sector parameters for all three models, although to different extents. We found powerful constraints on, for example, the coupling constant when comparing it with present limits for two of the models, and their future statistical 3-$\sigma$ bounds could potentially exclude the null interaction for the combination of probes that is considered. However, for one of the models, the constraint on the coupling parameter does not improve the present result (achieved using a large combination of surveys), and a larger combination of probes appears to be necessary to eventually claim whether or not interaction is favored in that context.
Investigating cluster astrophysics and cosmology with cross-correlation of the thermal Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect and weak lensing

Recent detections of the cross-correlation of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect and weak gravitational lensing (WL) enable unique studies of cluster astrophysics and cosmology. In this work, we present constraints on the amplitude of the non-thermal pressure fraction in galaxy clusters, $\alpha_0$, and the amplitude of the matter power spectrum, $\sigma_8$, using measurements of the tSZ power spectrum from Planck, and the tSZ-WL cross-correlation from Planck and the Red Cluster Sequence Lensing Survey. We fit the data to a semi-analytic model with the covariance matrix using $N$-body simulations. We find that the tSZ power spectrum alone prefers $\sigma_8 \sim 0.85$ and a large fraction of non-thermal pressure ($\alpha_0 \sim 0.2$-$0.3$). The tSZ-WL cross-correlation on the other hand prefers a significantly lower $\sigma_8 \sim 0.6$, and low $\alpha_0 \sim 0.05$. We show that this tension can be mitigated by allowing for a steep slope in the stellar-mass-halo-mass relation, which would cause a reduction of the gas in low-mass halos. In such a model, the combined data prefer $\sigma_8 \sim 0.7$ and $\alpha_0 \sim 0.2$, consistent with predictions from hydrodynamical simulations.
A Numerical Study on the Attitudes and Aerodynamics of Freely Falling Hexagonal Ice Plates

The fall attitudes and the flow fields of falling hexagonal ice plates are studied by numerically solving the transient incompressible Navier‐Stokes equation for flow past ice plates and the body dynamics equations representing the 6-degrees-of-freedom motion that determine the position and orientation of the ice plates in response to the hydrodynamic force of the flow fields. The ice plates investigated are from 1 to 10mm in diameter, and the corresponding Reynolds number ranges from 46 to 974. The results indicate that the 1-mm plate generates a steady flow field and exhibits a steady motion, whereas the rest of the ice plates generate unsteady flow fields and exhibit unsteady motions, including horizontal translation, rotation, and axial oscillation.The horizontal translation is primarily determinedby the inclination due to oscillation. The pressure distributions around the falling plates are examined and discussed in association with the oscillation. The vortex structure in the wake of the plate is examined. Empirical formulas for fall speed, oscillation frequency, and drag coefficient are given. Potential impacts of the fall attitudes and flow characteristics on the microphysics of ice plates are discussed.