Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mutations Induction on Vegetative and Generative Characters of G16 Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The aim of this research was to identify the vegetative and generative characters of G16 rice mutants due to gamma-ray irradiation. The experiment was conducted in Saribaye Village, Lingsar District, West Lombok Regency. The experimental design used was an Augmented Design, using three comparison plants, namely the G16 line (parent), Inpago Unram 1 variety, and IPB 3S variety. The four mutant populations tested were mutant doses of 200, 300, 400 and 500 Gy. The results showed that the induction of gamma ray mutations affected the character of plant height, flag leaf angle, flowering age, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, harvest age, and grain weight per clump. Comparison plants and mutant plants showed an interaction on all observed characters, except the number of total tillers and the number of productive tillers. Wide genetic diversity was shown by all characters, except flag leaf angle, total tiller number, weight of 100 grains, and weight of empty grain per clump. High heritability was obtained on the character of plant height (0.97), flag leaf angle (0.74), flowering age (0.99), number of productive tillers (0.57), panicle length (0.86), number of filled grain per panicle (0.92), number of empty grains per panicle (0.55), age at harvest (1.00), and weight of 100 grains (0.99).
Transient behavior of regulated Brownian motion, I: Starting at the origin

A natural model for stochastic flow systems is regulated or reflecting Brownian motion (RBM), which is Brownian motion on the positive real line with constant negative drift and constant diffusion coefficient, modified by an impenetrable reflecting barrier at the origin. As a basis for understanding how stochastic flow systems approach steady state, this paper provides relatively simple descriptions of the moments of RBM as functions of time. In Part I attention is restricted to the case in which RBM starts at the origin; then the moment functions are increasing. After normalization by the steady-state limits, these moment c.d. f. &s (cumulative distribution functions) coincide with gamma mixtures of inverse Gaussian c.d. f. &s. The first moment c.d. f. thus coincides with the first-passage time to the origin starting in steady state with the exponential stationary distribution. From this probabilistic characterization, it follows that the kth-moment c.d. f is the k-fold convolution of the first-moment c.d. f. As a consequence, it is easy to see that the (k + 1)th moment approaches its steady-state limit more slowly than the kth moment. It is also easy to derive the asymptotic behavior as t →∞. The first two moment c.d. f. &s have completely monotone densities, supporting approximation by hyperexponential (H2) c.d. f. &s (mixtures of two exponentials). The H2 approximations provide easily comprehensible descriptions of the first two moment c.d. f. &s suitable for practical purposes. The two exponential components of the H2 approximation yield simple exponential approximations in different regimes. On the other hand, numerical comparisons show that the limit related to the relaxation time does not predict the approach to steady state especially well in regions of primary interest. In Part II (Abate and Whitt (1987a)), moments of RBM with non-zero initial conditions are treated by representing them as the difference of two increasing functions, one of which is the moment function starting at the origin studied here.
Drop Formation in a Circular Liquid Jet

Several recent developments in ink-jet printing have motivated numerous scientists to investigate the details of the breakup process of liquid jets emanating from nozzles. The entire January 1977 issue of the IBM Journal of Research and Development was devoted to ink-jet printing technology, and several of the papers were concerned with drop formation. The main concern is the control of the relatively small drops called "spherules" by Rayleigh (1896, p. 366) and "satellite drops" in the recent literature. These small drops form when thin ligaments separate from the main drops at both ends (see Figure 1). In the ink-jet printer the main drops are supplied with a predetermined electrical charge as they detach from the liquid column. They are then deflected to a desired location by appropriately charged downstream capacitor plates. When the satellite drops occur they receive a relatively large charge-to-mass ratio and their resulting large deflection causes printer malfunctions. The understanding of the drop-formation process is crucial to the control and elimination of the satellite-drop problem. This article is primarily restricted to a review of those investigations that bear on this rather narrow but very difficult aspect of jet breakup. For a detailed description of the classical work on the linear capillary instability of jets the reader is referred to Rayleigh (1896, §361) and Chandrasekhar (1961, §111). A more recent review can be found in McCarthy & Molloy (1974). Only a brief summary of this classical work, as is required for background, is presented here. The early experiments ofSavart(1833) and Magnus (1855) demonstrated that a liquid jet emanating from a circular nozzle could be made to breakup in a regular manner by supplying a steady vibration to the source tank or nozzle. Rayleigh (1879) studied the linear stability of an infinitely
Multivariate analysis of milk metabolite measures shows potential for deriving new resilience phenotypes.

In a context of growing interest in breeding more resilient animals, a non-invasive indicator of resilience would be very valuable. We hypothesized that the time-course of concentrations of several milk metabolites through a short-term underfeeding challenge could reflect the variation of resilience mechanisms to such a challenge. We submitted 138 one-year-old primiparous goats, selected for extreme functional longevity, i.e., productive longevity corrected for milk yield (60 low longevity line goats (Low_LGV), and 78 high longevity line goats (High_LGV)), to a 2-d underfeeding challenge during early lactation. We measured the concentration of 13 milk metabolites and the activity of 1 enzyme during pre-challenge, challenge and recovery periods. Functional PCA summarized the trends of milk metabolite concentration over time efficiently without preliminary assumptions concerning the shapes of the curves. We first ran a supervised prediction of the longevity line of the goats based on the milk metabolite curves. The partial least square analysis could not predict the longevity line accurately. We thus decided to explore the large overall variability of milk metabolite curves with an unsupervised clustering. The large year x facility effect on the metabolites concentrations was pre-corrected for. This resulted in 3 clusters of goats defined by different metabolic responses to underfeeding. The cluster that showed higher BOHB, cholesterol, and triacylglycerols increase during the underfeeding challenge was associated with poorer survival compared with the other 2 clusters (P = 0.009). These results suggest that multivariate analysis of non-invasive milk measures show potential for deriving new resilience phenotypes.
Wind Pressure Orthogonal Decomposition Anemometer: A Wind Measurement Device for Multi-Rotor UAVs

Wind speed and direction are critical meteorological elements. Multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles UAVs are widely used as a premium payload platform in meteorological monitoring. The meteorological UAV is able to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of the elements collected. However, during wind measurement missions, the installed anemometers are susceptible to interference caused by rotor turbulence. This paper puts forward a wind pressure orthogonal decomposition (WPOD) strategy to overcome this limitation in three ways: the location of the sensors, a new wind measurement method, and supporting equipment. A weak turbulence zone (WTZ) is found around the airframe, where the turbulence strength decays rapidly and is more suitable for installing wind measurement sensors. For the sensors to match the spatial structure of this area, a WPOD wind measurement method is proposed. An anemometer based on this principle was mounted on a quadrotor UAV to build a wind measurement system. Compared with a standard anemometer, this system has satisfactory performance. Analysis of the resulting data indicates that the error of the system is ±0.3 m/s and ±2° under hovering conditions and ±0.7 m/s and ±5° under moving conditions. In summary, WPOD points to a new orientation for wind measurement under a small spatial–temporal scale.
A Robust Feature Downsampling Module for Remote-Sensing Visual Tasks

Remote-sensing (RS) images present unique challenges for computer vision (CV) due to lower resolution, smaller objects, and fewer features. Mainstream backbone networks show promising results for traditional visual tasks. However, they use convolution to reduce feature map dimensionality, which can result in information loss for small objects in RS images and decreased performance. To address this problem, we propose a new and universal downsampling module named robust feature downsampling (RFD). RFD fuses multiple feature maps extracted by different downsampling techniques, creating a more robust feature map with a complementary set of features. Leveraging this, we overcome the limitations of conventional convolutional downsampling, resulting in a more accurate and robust analysis of RS images. We develop two versions of the RFD module, shallow RFD (SRFD) and deep RFD (DRFD), tailored to adapt to different stages of feature capture and improve feature robustness. We replace the downsampling layers (DSL) of existing mainstream backbones with the RFD module and conduct comparative experiments on several public RS image datasets. The results show significant improvements compared to baseline approaches in RS image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. Specifically, our RFD module achieved an average performance gain of 1.5% on the NWPU-RESISC45 classification dataset without utilizing any additional pretraining data, resulting in state-of-the-art performance on this dataset. Moreover, in detection and segmentation tasks on dataset for object detection in aerial images (DOTA) and instance segmentation in aerial images dataset (iSAID), our RFD module outperforms the baseline approaches by 2%–7% when utilizing pretraining data from NWPU-RESISC45. These results highlight the value of the RFD module in enhancing the performance of RS visual tasks. The code is available at https://github.com/lwCVer/RFD.
Pharmacological Analysis of GABAA Receptor and Sigma1R Chaperone Interaction: Research Report I―Investigation of the Anxiolytic, Anticonvulsant and Hypnotic Effects of Allosteric GABAA Receptors’ Ligands

Two groups of facts have been established in previous drug development studies of the non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic fabomotizole. First, fabomotizole prevents stress-induced decrease in binding ability of the GABAA receptor’s benzodiazepine site. Second, fabomotizole is a Sigma1R chaperone agonist, and exposure to Sigma1R antagonists blocks its anxiolytic effect. To prove our main hypothesis of Sigma1R involvement in GABAA receptor-dependent pharmacological effects, we performed a series of experiments on BALB/c and ICR mice using Sigma1R ligands to study anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepine tranquilizers diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.) and phenazepam (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) in the elevated plus maze test, the anticonvulsant effects of diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.) in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model, and the hypnotic effects of pentobarbital (50 mg/kg i.p.). Sigma1R antagonists BD-1047 (1, 10, and 20 mg/kg i.p.), NE-100 (1 and 3 mg/kg i.p.), and Sigma1R agonist PRE-084 (1, 5, and 20 mg/kg i.p.) were used in the experiments. Sigma1R antagonists have been found to attenuate while Sigma1R agonists can enhance GABAARs-dependent pharmacological effects.
Analysis of Student Responses to STEM-Inquiry Learning Using Cloud Classroom (CCR) on Food Loss and Food Waste Topics

The implementation of STEM-Inquiry learning puts forward the process of how students independently acquire knowledge through problem solving and have the ability to use that knowledge. STEM-Inquiry learning supported by the use of the CCR platform can support online learning activities, allow students to work in groups, and help students not only memorize concepts, but can understand and apply the acquired knowledge in everyday life. This study aims to determine student responses to the application of STEM-Inquiry learning on the topic of food loss and food waste. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using a survey method. The subjects of this study were students of Science Education Class of 2019 State University of Surabaya. The research instrument used was a questionnaire form. The questionnaire form provided consisted of 20 questions developed from 7 indicators, namely interest, novelty, convenience, clarity, interest, assessment, and response. The results showed that the average percentage of student questionnaire responses was 84.9% which was categorized as very positive, meaning that students had an interest and were interested in being involved in a meaningful learning experience. Based on this, it can be concluded that the application of STEM-Inquiry learning on the topic of food loss and food waste received a very positive response from students
The Effect of Problem-Based Learning in Science Education on Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analytical Study

This meta-analysis study aimed to scrutinize the effect of the problem-based learning (PBL) approach on students’ academic achievement in science lessons compared to the traditional instructional approach. As research data, the researcher accessed 55 experimental studies as a result of steps of a systematic review with the keywords “problem-based learning,” “science,” and “academic achievement or success” from the Education Resources Information Center, Scopus, Web of Science, Proquest, Taylor and Francis, Center of Higher Education National Thesis Center, and Wiley Online databases. The results showed that the PBL method used in science education had a high effect size on academic achievement compared to the traditional instructional method. The results also explained significant differences between the effect sizes of publication types (conference papers, articles, master’s thesis, and doctoral thesis). On the other hand, they demonstrated that academic achievement was similar in the nationality of the studies, educational levels, instructional variations with PBL, and relevant science areas. It is expected that integrating innovative instructional approaches into PBL could guide researchers who establish a research problem about how it can affect science academic achievement.
The prevalence and clinical characteristics of Clostridium difficile infection in Saudi patients admitted with inflammatory bowel disease: A case–control study

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are at increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), causing significant morbidity and mortality. This study examined CDI's prevalence, predisposing factors, and clinical outcomes in Saudi hospitalized IBD patients. Methods: A retrospective case–control study was conducted at a tertiary medical city in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All Saudi adult patients with IBD, admitted over the preceding four years were identified from the hospital's database. Eligible patients were divided into those with CDI and those without CDI. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the predisposing factors for CDI among admitted IBD patients. Results: During the study period, 95 patients were admitted with IBD. Crohn's disease (CD) was the predominant type (71.6%), whereas 28.4% of the patients were with ulcerative colitis (UC). Only 16 (16.8%) patients had positive CDI. CDI-positive patients tend to have hypertension and previous use of steroids. Patients with UC tend to have a higher risk of CDI than those with CD. Most patients recovered from the CDI (81.3%) with a median time to CDI clearance of 14 days. Three patients (18.8%) had recurrent CDI; among them, one died. Conclusion: The prevalence of CDI in Saudi IBD patients is similar to that reported elsewhere. UC, steroid treatment, and hypertension are risk factors for CDI in IBD patients. Recurrence of CDI in IBD patients is common and associated with a poor prognosis.
Uniform conditional stochastic order

One probability measure is less than or equal to another in the sense of UCSO (uniform conditional stochastic order) if a standard form of stochastic order holds for each pair of conditional probability measures obtained by conditioning on appropriate subsets. UCSO can be applied to the comparison of lifetime distributions or the comparison of decisions under uncertainty when there may be reductions in the set of possible outcomes. When densities or probability mass functions exist on the real line, then the main version of UCSO is shown to be equivalent to the MLR (monotone likelihood ratio) property. UCSO is shown to be preserved by some standard probability operations and not by others.
Influence of chemical composition of soda ash activated fly ash and copper slag geopolymer pastes on compressive strength

The effect of the chemical composition of geopolymer pastes on compressive strength was investigated in high-calcium fly ash and copper slag blends. In synthesizing the pastes, soda ash at activator to binder ratio of 0.4 was used. The characterization of material samples and the hardened fly ash-copper slag pastes was conducted through X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the major oxide and phase composition. The hardened paste cubes which were cured at 80 °C were tested for compressive strength at ages 3, 7, and 28 days to obtain the mechanical performance property of each respective mix. The findings establish the impact of variation in the individual material and paste composition on the compressive strength of fly ash-copper slag geopolymer. The result shows that increase in the SiO2/Al2O3 and Na2O/Al2O3 ratios of paste products of samples corresponded to an increase in compressive strength. Whilst Fe2O3 wt. % increase in products from slag addition and positively influenced the compressive strength as fillers. However, CaO had no positive influence on the matrix of the activated product. The optimal blend mix design was 40 wt. % of copper slag which achieved a 28-day compressive strength of 24.66 MPa.
Integrating Technology into Science Learning in Junior High School: Perspective of Teachers

Technology has a positive role in improving students' learning abilities. The teacher has the leading role in implementing technology in the classroom. This study aims to introduce technology that can be integrated into science learning and report the perspective of science teachers with different educational backgrounds in integrating technology into the learning process. The study uses a qualitative method by using interviews to collect data. The participants were selected randomly from the Association of Science Education Teachers in West Bandung, Indonesia. Six teachers chose to be interviewed based on different teaching experiences and educational backgrounds. The study found that science teachers with different educational backgrounds have different perspectives on the difficulty of teaching science concepts. But they have the same solution to this problem: integrating technology into the learning process. All participants in this study have experience integrating technology in learning but are the first experience in using AR technology. Various technologies are considered appropriate for integration into science learning, but AR technology that can visualize abstract concepts has the potential to be used more in education
How many random digits are required until given sequences are obtained?

Random digits are collected one at a time until a given k -digit sequence is obtained, or, more generally, until one of several k -digit sequences is obtained. In the former case, a recursive formula is given, which determines the distribution of the waiting time until the sequence is obtained and leads to an expression for the probability generating function. In the latter case, the mean waiting time is given until one of the given sequences is obtained, or, more generally, until a fixed number of sequences have been obtained, either different sequences or not necessarily different ones. Several results are known before, but the methods of proof seem to be new.
Understanding the Impact Mechanism of User Behavior Pattern toward Real Estate APP Platforms in the Post-COVID Era: A Quantitative Analysis

While technology factors are the main driver of the booming real estate APP platforms with important implications for user behavior pattern during and post-pandemic contexts, there is a lack of adequate research. In response, this study explores the user behavior pattern of real estate APP platforms to promote user mental health by taking the real estate APP platforms users as the participants based on theory of technology readiness and acceptance model. Data collected from offline surveys are analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results reveal the technology readiness index positively affects individuals’ perceived usefulness and satisfaction, ultimately positively affects individuals’ continuance intention with real estate APP platforms; satisfaction with real estate APP platforms mediated the relationship between technology readiness index, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and individuals’ continuance intention with real estate APP platforms. However, the group comparison finds no significant difference in user behavior patterns by gender. The contribution of this study is to reveal the influence mechanisms of digital technology on users’ behavioral patterns toward real estate APP platforms, which can help guide the sustainable development of real estate APP platforms and promote user mental health and wellbeing in the post-COVID era.
Integrating MODIS LST and Sentinel-1 InSAR to monitor frozen soil deformation in the Qumalai-Zhiduo area, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

ABSTRACT Owing to continuous global warming, frozen soil degradation has become a universal phenomenon, leading to large-scale ground deformation that affects engineering construction and the fragile ecological balance. Geodetic observations, especially temporal InSAR, can quantify ground deformation. However, the accuracy of InSAR modelling in capturing the spatial–temporal variability of the freeze–thaw process depends on the spatial resolution of temperature measurements. This paper proposes a freeze–thaw amplitude model incorporating MODIS LST based on a single-master InSAR time-series deformation to calculate frozen soil deformation. We applied this model to the Qumalai-Zhiduo area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and compared its results with those of the model using weather station temperature in terms of frozen soil deformation parameters, RSME, and characteristic targets. Our study found that the model incorporating MODIS LST performed better in areas far from weather stations, while both models produced similar results in areas of close proximity. Finally, we evaluated another commonly used method for calculating frozen soil deformation parameters and found that the method incorporating MODIS LST based on a single-master time-series deformation is more accurate and precise than the method based on a multi-master SBAS network.