Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cycle Rate, Length, and Speed of Progression in Human Locomotion

There have been few attempts to synthesize the knowledge gleaned from the study of cyclic human locomotion and, specifically, to determine whether there are general laws that describe or govern all such forms of locomotion. The purpose of this paper was to test the hypothesis that, when a human participant performs multiple trials of a given form of cyclic locomotion at a wide range of speeds (S) and without constraint on cycle rate (CR) or cycle length (CL), the relationships of CR vs. S and CL vs. S have the same basic characteristics as do those for any other form of cyclic locomotion. Data were gathered from published and unpublished sources. For each participant and form of locomotion, CR-vs.-S and CL-vs.-S relationships were plotted on a common scattergram with S on the abscissa and both CR and CL on the ordinate. Analysis of data collected on 49 participants and 12 forms of locomotion showed that, for every combination of participant and form of locomotion considered (excluding combinations involvi.
Rebel capability and strategic violence against civilians

This article explores the strategic motivations for insurgent violence against civilians. It argues that violence is a function of insurgent capacity and views violence and security as selective benefits that insurgents manipulate to encourage support. Weak insurgent groups facing collective action problems have an incentive to target civilians because they lack the capacity to provide sufficient benefits to entice loyalty. By contrast, stronger rebels can more easily offer a mix of selective incentives and selective repression to compel support. This relationship is conditioned by the counterinsurgency strategies employed by the government. Indiscriminate regime violence can effectively reduce the level of selective incentives necessary for insurgents to recruit support, thus reducing their reliance on violence as a mobilization tool. However, this relationship only holds when rebels are sufficiently capable of credibly providing security and other incentives to civilian supporters. These hypotheses are tested using data on one-sided violence from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program. The statistical analysis supports the hypothesis that comparatively capable insurgents kill fewer civilians than their weaker counterparts. The results also suggest a complex interaction between insurgent capability and government strategies in shaping insurgent violence. While weaker insurgents sharply escalate violence in the face of indiscriminate regime counterinsurgency tactics, stronger groups employ comparatively less violence against civilians as regime violence escalates.
Safety Analysis Results of Representative DEC Accidental Transients for the ALFRED Reactor

The conceptual design of the Advanced Lead Fast Reactor European Demonstrator (ALFRED) is under development within the LEADER project to meet the safety objectives of Gen IV nuclear energy systems. This paper presents the main results of the safety analysis for beyond design basis conditions, namely design extension conditions (DEC), which include the failure of prevention and mitigation systems, like the reactor scram in the so called unprotected transients. The main objective of this analysis is to evaluate the impact of the core and plant design features on the intrinsic safety behaviour of the ALFRED reactor. Several computer codes: SIM LFR, RELAP5, CATHARE, SPECTRA and TRACE are applied to evaluate the consequences of representative unprotected accident scenarios such as Loss of Flow, Loss of Heat Sink and Reactivity initiated accidents. Additionally, the consequences of steam generator tube rupture and partial sub assembly flow blockage events are assessed by means of appropriate fluid dynamic codes.
The Impact of Legal Origin on the Relationship between Analyst Following and Recognised Intangibles

This study examines whether legal origin has an impact on the association between analyst following and intangibles recognised in corporate financial statements. Using a sample of 7,233 company-year observations from ten countries for 2004-2006, this study finds that the association between analyst following and recognised intangibles is impacted by legal origin. Analyst following is higher for companies that have recognised intangibles than for those that do not, and it is also higher for companies from civil law countries. Further, when intangible assets are recognised on the balance sheet, or research and development expense is included in the income statement, the increase in analyst following is greater for companies from civil law countries than for those from common law countries. The findings suggest that companies recognising intangibles in civil law countries provide greater opportunity for analysts to make an incremental information contribution to investors than those companies in common law jurisdictions.
Corneal nerve fiber measures independently predict progression from MCI to dementia: Follow‐up of the Qatar Longitudinal Study Cohort

There is an urgent need for biomarkers of neurodegeneration to identify individuals with MCI at higher risk for developing dementia. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a non‐invasive imaging biomarker which has identified corneal nerve loss in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. This study assessed the predictive capability of CCM and MRI brain volumetry for progression from participants with MCI to dementia.
Accelerated epigenetic aging in adults with Down Syndrome in the Argentine population

Life expectancy of individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) is currently 60 years. From age 40 they have an increased risk of dementia and almost all of them have histopathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in their brains. Also, it is known that the ε4 allele of the APOE gene and the R47H variant of TREM2 increase the risk of AD. DS is also associated with a group of clinical manifestations of accelerated aging. DNA methylation‐based biomarkers of ageing (epigenetic clocks) can be assessed by different models. It is known that DNA methylation age (DNAm) has a positive correlation with chronological age in disomic individuals while DS subjects exhibit an age acceleration effect in blood and brain.
Desempenho térmico de envoltórias vegetadas em edificações no sudeste brasileiro

A avaliacao do desempenho termico de edificacoes que utilizam coberturas verdes, paredes vivas ou paredes verdes como elemento de protecao da envoltoria e um campo de grande importância para os profissionais de arquitetura e engenharia, por minimizar o ganho de calor, proporcionar melhor condicao termica e aprimorar seu desempenho. Este trabalho apresenta tres diferentes estudos de desempenho termico com revestimentos vegetais: 1) um estudo de caso com cobertura verde, 2) um estudo experimental com parede viva, e 3) um estudo de caso com parede verde, todos com medicoes comparativas e simultâneas entre superficies expostas e protegidas pelo verde. Os parâmetros medidos foram temperatura, umidade relativa, velocidade do ar, temperatura radiante media e temperatura das superficies internas e externas das envoltorias. Tais analises levaram a conclusao de que o uso da vegetacao como elemento de protecao em coberturas e fachadas atua positivamente sobre os fluxos de calor na envoltoria, representando uma importante ferramenta para o controle termico passivo de altas temperaturas no interior das edificacoes.
From eLearning to mLearning: The Effectiveness of Mobile Course Delivery

This paper summarizes findings from an empirical study that investigated the conversion and delivery of an existing DoD-wide eLearning course, “Trafficking In Persons (TIP) General Awareness Training”, to a mobile format. The Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) Mobile Learning Team deployed the training content and measured user feedback as a field experiment to volunteers in each of the DoD services. This paper presents both quantitative and qualitative results, including learner performance and overall satisfaction with the mobile course. Based on the findings from the study, this paper will discuss the challenges and broad concerns pertaining to mLearning course delivery in military education and training, and will address the following questions: Should military training materials be delivered on a mobile device, and if so, what device types, browsers and platforms are supported? If military personnel were provided the option to complete their annual mandatory computer-based training on a mobile device instead of a desktop computer, would they do it? What other approaches and enhancements should be considered for future delivery of mLearning materials in the military? Since mobile implementation has the potential for both formal learning experiences and performance support in the military, we will discuss the implications and provide recommendations for future research on the subject of mobile course delivery.
Adding value: challenges for UK apparel supply chain management – a review

Apparel and textiles is a dynamic sector, subject to constant change. In the recent times, the industry has experienced structural changes, particularly with global sourcing and high levels of price competition. In addition, textiles and clothing are characterised by short product lifecycles, high volatility, low predictability and high levels of impulse purchase. The latest wave of change is that of the credit crunch and its impact on consumer behaviour. It seems that consumers are migrating away from high cost and luxury items, focussing on long-lasting classics and generally consuming less. This article outlines the key features of the textiles and apparel supply chain and identifies the perspectives of lean, agile and leagility (a combination of these) as solutions to achieving quick response, fast fashion and reduced lead times. A case study approach was adopted to understand how companies in the sector are combining both lean and agile to address market conditions.
Profile Measurement Based on Focus Variation Method for Geometrical Defect Evaluation: A Case Study of Cold Forged Propeller Blade

Geometrical defect is one of the main problems that will affect performance and perfect mating of produced parts. Coordinate measurement machine (CMM) is commonly used for the measurement, but the use of this machine is limited because of the small size and complexity of the component or features. This study aims to evaluate the defect that occurs on an AA6061 cold forging blade produced using cold forging process based on profile measurement technique. A systematic approach based on focus variation was proposed to evaluate two features, that is, roundness error and twist deviation. The profile was obtained with the use of InfiniteFocus Alicona 3D surface measurement system. Specific algorithms were developed for different cases as the evaluation of the features is discrete and the results were validated.
SAW synthesized resonator filters with two composite longitudinal mode 2-port resonators

Since recent digital mobile communication demands higher transmission rates, the SAW IF filter bandwidth is required to be broader. This paper describes the new filter design technique, which can achieve broader bandwidth than conventional SAW resonator filters such as transversally coupled mode resonator filters. This new filter uses at least two multi-longitudinal mode resonators connecting in parallel electrically, and sets each resonator's different mode frequency to be at almost the same frequency position with in-phase. As a result, a synthesized resonator filter that has more resonant mode numbers than a single resonator filter can be realized. We also present expanded designs such as double synthesizing and asymmetric synthesizing for better performances, and show the performance of SAW IF filter for Japanese PHS. As a filter demonstration, we show the characteristics of IF filter for PHS with a bandwidth of 380 kHz, an insertion loss of 3.1 dB and center frequency of 248.45 MHz.
What do data‐driven Alzheimer’s disease subtypes tell us about white matter pathology and clinical progression?

The progression of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is heterogeneous with different brain regions manifesting pathology at different times during the disease. Differential sequences of grey matter (GM) volume changes, defining imaging‐based subtypes, may represent alternative disease origins, pathways or severity. Additionally, volumes of white matter hyperintensities (WMH), which increase with age, are associated with AD. In this study we used a machine learning method to estimate three types of AD trajectories and assessed their WMH load and longitudinal prognosis.
Can Role-Play with Virtual Humans Teach Interpersonal Skills?

Abstract : Interpersonal and counseling skills are essential to Officers' ability to lead (Headquarters, Department of the Army 2006, 2008, 2011). We developed a cognitive framework and an immersive training experience--the Immersive Naval Officer Training System (INOTS)--to help Officers learn and practice these skills. INOTS includes up-front instruction about the framework, vignette-based demonstrations of its application, a role-play session with a virtual human to practice the skills, and a guided after-action review (AAR). A critical component of any training effort is the assessment process; we conducted both formative and summative assessments of INOTS. Our formative assessments comprised surveys as well as physiological sensor equipment. Data from these instruments were used to evaluate how engaging the virtual-human based practice session was. We compared these data to a gold standard: a practice session with a live human role-player. We found that the trainees took the virtual-human practice session seriously--and that interacting with the virtual human was just as engaging as was interacting with the live human role-player. Our summative assessments comprised surveys as well as behavioral measures. We used these data to evaluate learning produced by the INOTS experience. In a pretest-posttest design, we found reliable gains in the participants' understanding of and ability to apply interpersonal skills although the limited practice with the virtual human did not provide additional immediate benefits. This paper details the development of our assessment approaches, the experimental procedures that yielded the data, and our results. We also discuss the implications of our efforts for the future design of assessments and training systems.
Racial‐ethnic differences in baseline and longitudinal change in neuropsychological test scores in the NACC Uniform Data Set 3.0

Racial/ethnic differences in cross‐sectional assessment of cognitive test performance are well known. However, longitudinal studies of differences in cognitive decline have been mixed. The purpose of this study was to examine racial/ethnic differences in baseline and longitudinal change on the Uniform Data Set (UDS) version 3 of the NIA Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers program.
A Data Mining System for Predicting University Students' Graduation Grades Using ID3 Decision Tree Algorithm

The desire of every organization is to extract hidden but useful knowledge from their data through data mining tools. Also, the recent decline in the standard of education in most developing countries has necessitated researches that will help proffer solutions to some of the problems. From the literature, different analysis has been carried out on university data, which includes student’s university entrance examination and Ordinary level results but the relationship between these entry results and students’ final graduation grades has been in isolation. Therefore, in this work, a new system that will predict students’ graduation grades based on entry results data using the Iterative Dichotomiser 3 (ID3) decision tree algorithm was developed. ID3 decision tree algorithm was used to train the data of the graduated sets. The knowledge represented by decision trees were extracted and presented in form of IF-THEN rules. The trained data were then used to develop a model for making future prediction of students’ graduation grades. The developed system could be very useful in predicting students’ final graduation grades even from the point of entry into the university. This will help management staff, academic planners to properly counsel students in order to improve their overall performance.
Plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with and without new neurological symptoms

The COVID‐19 pandemic is an unprecedented global health care crisis. Older individuals and those with pre‐existing AD/ADRD or mild cognitive impairment are at increased risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with a higher mortality. In this study we assessed that the presence of plasma biomarkers associated with AD, neurodegeneration and neuroinflamation in older patients (>60yrs old), who were hospitalized with COVID‐19, who either had or did not have new neurological symptoms associated with infection.
Critical Success Factors for Implementing Lean Manufacturing in Malaysian Automotive Industry

The challenges faced by automotive manufacturers had made them looked into Lean Manufacturing (LM) which was implemented by Toyota Motor a long time ago. In Malaysia, the two main car manufacturers are PROTON and PERODUA; these two manufacturers offer good opportunity to large local companies and Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to participate in the automotive component manufacturing industry. The main objective of this study is to explore and investigate the level of perceptions on the importance and extent of practice with respect to 13 Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for LM implementation. To perform this study, a survey instrument that consists of 13 CSFs and 78 items was developed and distributed to local companies. The comparison was carried out on each of these CSFs based on perception, number of years and company size. The statistical analysis using the Kruskal Wallis test had identified four basic critical success factors for both SMEs and large companies with respect to the perception on the importance and extent of practice. Further study probes into the outcomes of the exploration on feasible LM practices.
Association of a MIND diet with the risk of dementia and brain structure in a French older population

The MIND diet score for brain health is a 15‐item score combining neuroprotective dietary components (e.g. green leafy vegetables, nuts, berries, whole grains, fish). A higher MIND diet score was associated with slower cognitive decline and lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease; however, its relationship with brain structure has not yet been investigated. Taking advantage of a large population‐based cohort of older adults, we constructed a MIND diet score adapted to French dietary habits and we evaluated the associations of the score with the risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In a secondary analysis, we investigated the cross‐sectional relationship between the MIND diet score and gray matter structure assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
Personal Values, Beliefs, Knowledge, and Attitudes Relating to Intentions to Purchase Apparel from Socially Responsible Businesses

The purpose of the study was to provide initial understanding of female consumers' decisions to purchase from socially responsible apparel businesses, operationally defined as the U.S. Department of Labor's Trendsetters. The relationships between three major groupings of variables were explored including the following: (a) consumers' personal values, beliefs, and knowledge, (b) attitudes relating to socially responsible apparel business practices, as well as product-specific attitudes, and (c) intentions to purchase apparel from socially responsible businesses. For the 219 women surveyed, only product-specific attitudes were related to intentions to purchase from socially responsible apparel businesses. However, greater knowledge and concern about issues in the apparel industry, as well as beliefs about the U.S. apparel industry and perceived effectiveness, were related to greater support for socially responsible businesses. Suspicion about business practices intended to solve apparel industry problems was related to beliefs about foreign apparel businesses and societal values. Implications for government and industry initiatives involving consumers in the elimination of sweatshops are discussed.
Risk-based life-cycle maintenance strategies for corroded reinforced concrete buildings located in the region with high seismic hazard

In this study, several developed models have been adopted to investigate deterioration induced by chloride ingress by considering uncertainty in order to estimate the initiation and rate of corrosion. Besides, the structural capacity and serviceability of RC buildings, i.e. the shear capacity, bending strength and width of cracking or spalling of columns and beams with corroded reinforcing bars, were also calculated using simple formulas developed from previous experiments. Based on the information of annual spalling/cracking and failure probabilities, the deterioration risk of an RC building attacked by chloride can be evaluated using the concept of reliability of a series system. In order to find the optimal maintenance plan, probabilistic effect assessment models for repair/retrofit strategies (five repair/retrofit strategies were selected) that consider the recurrence of deterioration in repaired areas and the deterioration proceeding in unrepaired areas were developed in this research. These models reflect the effects of the maintenance strategies on the failure and spalling probability directly and can be used to estimate the life-cycle performance and cost of RC buildings. Finally, on the basis of the minimal life-cycle cost, the optimal life-cycle maintenance strategy can also be identified by using the genetic algorithm; case studies were used to discuss the applicability of this system.
Smoothing effects of distributed wind turbines. Part 1. Coherence and smoothing effects at a wind farm

Recently there has been a marked increase in wind power generation. From a power system point of view, because a wind turbine is an intermittent generator with large output fluctuation, any increase in the number of wind turbines gives rise to concerns about the adverse effects of wind turbines on power quality. The smoothing effects of wind turbine output fluctuation are of great importance in assessing the impacts of a large number of wind turbines. This article examines smoothing effects at a wind farm. First it presents a summary of wind measurements taken at two locations with six masts over a period of 1 year on both flat and complex terrain. Then the spatial coherence of wind speed is analysed, paying special attention to its dependence on the distance between observation points, wind direction, wind velocity and fluctuation frequency. Approximation equations for coherence of frequency and distance are obtained by applying Davenport's expression to the observed data. Second, coherence between turbine output at a wind farm is investigated; the results indicate that coherence for wind speed and turbine output shows a considerable resemblance. The article also examines smoothing effects at a wind farm using power spectral density through a theoretical approach. The study proves that smoothing effects can be approximated with a lowpass filter and that the effects at a wind farm should not be taken into account for periods of more than 10 min in case of assessing them on the safe side. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.