Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seagrass responses to long-term light reduction by brown tide in upper Laguna Madre, Texas: distribution and biomass patterns

A brown tide caused by a very dense bloom of an as yet undescribed species of the new class Pelagophyceae was first reported in upper Laguna Madre, Texas, USA, in June 1990 and has been there continuously through December 1995. No change in response to reduced light was evident in the distribution of the seagrass Halodule wrightii along transects sampled before the brown tide in 1988 and resampled after initiation of the brown tide in 1991 and 1992; however, in winter 1993-94 losses were documented over 2.6 km2 of bottom and by winter 1994-95 the area of vegetation lost had more than tripled to 9.4 km2 Changes in biomass presaged the changes in distribution. Decreases in biomass at depths >1.4 m were evident 2 yr before bare areas were detected. Reductions in biomass were more pronounced toward the south, in keeping with a gradient of increasing light attenuation from north to south. Support of a hminishing number of new shoots by reclamation of nutrients and stored reserves from senescing shoots and rhizomes may allow H. wrightii to persist under conditions of insufficient light for periods greatly in excess of the life span of any one shoot. This postulated capability would account for the pattern of diminishing biomass over time where the seagrass persists in deeper areas and the long lag between light reduction and change in distribution where the seagrass succumbed.
Identifying Similar Users Based on Metagraph of Check-in Trajectory Data

— Identifying similar users lay the foundation in many fields, such as friend recommendation, user-based collaborative filtering, and community discovery. It is useful to analyze users’ similarity based on check-in data, especially the analysis of spatiotemporal and semantic information. The existing works pursue semantic similarity of user trajectories and cannot distinguish the effects of geographical factors in a fine-grained way. This paper proposes a graph embedding approach to identify similar users based on their check-in data. We firstly identify meaningful concepts of user check-in data, based on which we design a metagraph for representing features of similar user behaviors. Then we characterize each user with a sequence of nodes that are derived through a metagraph-guided random walk strategy. Finally, the sequences are embedded to generate meaningful user vectors that are used to the similarity among users and thus identify similar users. We evaluate our proposal on two datasets, the results of which show that our proposal can outperform the baselines.
A comparison study on the clonal growth of Hippophae rhamniodes L. subsp. sinensis at different soil moisture condition

In expectations of expounding the strategies of clonal growth regulation,clonal growth plasticity of Hippophae rhamniodes L.subsp. sinensis clone population at different soil moisture content were studied.The results were as follows:(1) The ramets density and population biomass at high level of soil moisture supply were higher than that of the population at low level of soil moisture supply. (2) The ramet size and the index of clonal growth form of the population at high level of soil moisture supply were higher than that of the population at low level of soil moisture supply. (3) At high level of soil moisture supply,the percentage of aboveground biomass was higher and underground biomass mainly invested to the growth of clonal module.At low level of soil moisture supply,the percentage of underground biomass got more and underground biomass mainly invested to the growth of roots. (4) At high level of soil moisture supply,population growth rate and the number of height classes were higher,and the daughter ramets came from clonal growth appeared early.At low level of soil moisture supply,population growth rate and the number of height classes were less,and the daughter ramets came from clonal growth appeared late.
Invader Effects in a Community of Cavity Nesting Megachilid Bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Temporal and spatial characteristics of a community of cavity nesting megachilid bee species and their introduced competitors were examined at a site in the Central Valley of California. Two of the introduced bee species, Megachile apicalis Spinola and Megachile rotundata (F.), were frequent nest site occupants and accounted for 19.6 and 3.4% of all artificial nesting cavities (trap-nests) monitored during the 1st and 2nd yr of this study, respectively. These species were most active before and after the peak in native bee nesting activity and tended to occupy xeric habitats, despite significantly higher larval mortality associated with such environments. The ability to occupy a wide array of habitats may account for the invasion success of M. apicalis in California. Another invader, the European earwig, Forficula auricularia L. , was a frequent occupant of nesting cavities in mesic habitats, accounting for 59 and 85% occupancy of trap-nests during the 1st and 2nd yr of the study, respectively. Exclusion experiments indicate earwig densities were sufficient to displace female bees at nest sites with 113 as much nesting activity occurring in sampling units that allowed entry by earwigs as those made inaccessible to them with sticky barriers. In comparison, all native species (including bees and wasps) never accounted for >25% of all occupied nesting cavities of either monitoring period of the study.
Exploiting farm tours to provoke exceptional student learning and development

Student tours are planned to be occasions for learning but can easily degenerate into little more than social outings. While tour organisers may take students into career relevant professional contexts, the tour design is often one that allows the student to be a passive spectator rather than an active participant. Irrespective of this, invariably there is likely to be a number of self-motivated students who take a keen interest. However, unless the tour is carefully designed, there will also be students who gain little from the occasion. This paper reports on a design of a three-day tour to farms that engages all the students through challenging them with assessment tasks that must be completed while on the tour. The structure provokes students to work collegially and to build on their prior knowledge through their observations and analyses so that they can derive plans appropriate for the context. A framework that channels them towards self-authorship supports their personal development as learners.
Experimental studies on Helicobacter suis virulence and control

Background: The Mongolian gerbil model is often used to investigate the interactions between different gastric Helicobacter species and the gastric tissue. A preliminary screening of a gerbil population intended for use in Helicobacter suis infection studies revealed a natural yeast infection in the stomach of these animals. After identification, we have investigated the effect of the gastric yeast infection on the outcome of an experimental H. suis infection in Mongolian gerbils. Materials and methods: Yeast cells were isolated from the stomachs of Mongolian gerbils. Identification was done by Internally Transcribed rRNA Spacer 2 Region (ITS2) PCR fragment length analysis. To investigate a possible pathologic role of this yeast, Mongolian gerbils were infected experimentally with this yeast. Co-infection with the newly isolated Helicobacter suis was performed to investigate possible interactions between both microorganisms. Results: Kazachstania heterogenica was found colonizing the stomach of Mongolian gerbils, mainly in the antrum. Few pathologic changes were seen in the stomachs of infected animals. Experimental co-infection of gerbils with this yeast and the newly isolated Helicobacter suis showed a significant increase in inflammation in animals infected with both micro-organisms compared to animals infected only with Helicobacter suis. Conclusions: Kazachstania heterogenica colonizes the stomach of Mongolian gerbils in exactly the same regions as gastric Helicobacter species. The uncontrolled presence of this yeast in the gerbil stomach can lead to an overestimation of the inflammation caused by Helicobacter in this animal model.
Modeling Relation Path for Knowledge Graph via Dynamic Projection

— The application of representation learning in knowledge graphs has been a hot topic in recent years. Using representation learning methods, the semantic information contained in knowledge graphs can be embedded into low-dimensional dense vector spaces to achieve the purpose of efﬁciently processing knowledge graphs. A large number of research results have proved the advantage of the representation learning model represented by the translation model in processing knowledge graph related tasks. However, most translation models focus on the direct relation between entities and ignore the multi-hop relation between entities in the knowledge graph. In this paper, the relation path between entities in the knowledge graph is modeled. Considering the diversity of entities and relations in the knowledge graph, we embed entities and relations into different semantic spaces, and project the embedding results to the same space dynamically, while maintaining the consistency of the relation path between entities. We use benchmark datasets to evaluate the performance of the proposed model on the task of knowledge completion. The experiment shows that the model proposed in this paper is of great signiﬁcance to solve the problem of knowledge completion in the knowledge graph.
Emotional geography : Authenticity, embodiment and cultural heritage

The intention in this article is to propose an alternative to the modernist structural manner of referring to and representing the Holocaust. The alternative is based on performative paradigms in tourist research and on the reading of Peter Eisenmann's Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, a cultural heritage site in the center of Berlin. In places of remembrance such as Auschwitz-Birkenau the place is the scene ofthe crime but in the emotional geography of Peter Eisenmann the visitor experiences a cool authenticity, a light physical inscription in the cultural heritage. Contrary to the consuming of places which the gazing tourist perform the witnessing visitor invests bodily in this place and this investment becomes the coin of exchange with the past.
Non-monophyly of Rhacophorus rhodopus, Theloderma and Philautus albopunctatus Inferred from Mitochondrial 16S rRNA Gene Sequences

Mitochondrial gene fragments of 16S rRNA gene of four species (Rhacophorus rhodopus, R. reinwardtii, Philautus albopurwtatus and P. rhododiscus) from 11 populations were sequenced in this study. Homologous sequences of R. bipuiwtatus, Theloderma asperum, T. corticale and Buergeria japonica were obtained by screening the GenBank database. After excluding all gaps and ambiguous positions, aligned sequences were 500 bp in length with 115 variable sites and 92 parsimony-informative sites. Using B . japonica as an outgroup, phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using Bayesian inference, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Our results indicated that neither of R. rhodopus and P. albopunctatus were monophyletic at the species level. The population of R. rhodo pus from Hainan Island was more close to R. bipuiwtatus than to populations of R. rhodopus from Yunnan Province. Furthermore, the populations of R. rhodopus from Yunnan Province can be divided into two main lineages. Theloderma corticale and P. rhododiscus were clustered together and T. asperum was nested in P. albopunctatus. We considered that P. albopunctatus Liu and Hu, 1962, was the synonymy of T. asperum Boulenger, 1886, and suggested removing P. rhododiscus from Philautus into the genus Theloderma.
At the interface of glycolipids and glycoproteins in the two gastro-intestinal pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori

Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori are phylogenetically related human gastrointestinal pathogens. C. jejuni colonizes the intestine and is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. H. pylori colonizes the stomach of half the world’s population, causing gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. Both pathogens express glycoproteins and glycolipids (capsule, lipooligosaccharide or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) that are important in pathogenesis. Sugar units from capsule or LPS can modify proteins in several bacteria. We reasoned that this may occur in C. jejuni and H. pylori as means to diversify their surface glycosylation and aid in colonization, immune evasion and virulence. The putative sugar nucleotide dehydratase of C. jejuni NCTC 11168, Cj1319, has predicted roles in initiating the pathway for capsular heptose modification or participating in legionaminic acid synthesis for flagellin glycosylation. Alternatively, we propose that Cj1319 may use the GDP-manno-heptose precursor normally used for capsular heptose modification in a novel protein glycosylation pathway. We determined through enzymatic reactions with GDP-manno-heptose and compositional analysis of capsule from a cj1319 knockout mutant that Cj1319 does not use GDP-manno-heptose and does not affect capsule. Furthermore, our comprehensive mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of flagellin glycopeptides showed that flagellin glycosylation is highly heterogeneous and includes modification by legionaminic acid. We determined that the cj1319 mutant glycosylates flagellins with more legionaminic acid than WT, thus excluding the direct involvement of Cj1319 in legionaminic acid synthesis. This increase in legionaminic acid correlated with higher colonization of chickens but with lower virulence in Galleria mellonella larvae. H. pylori NCTC 11637 expresses Lewis Y (Le) blood group mimics in the O-antigen of LPS which is important in immune evasion. We determined that the outer membrane protein HopE is glycosylated with Le through a comprehensive MS analysis of outer membrane peptides. This novel level of host mimicry is likely important for colonization and pathogenicity.
Digestion and passage of fibre in ruminants

The objective of this chapter is to discuss the methods us~d for the estimation of digestion and passage kinetic parameters, intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics influencing the kinetic parameters and the reliability of kinetic parameters for predicting in vivo digestibility using dynamic rumen models. We focus mainly on digestion and passage of cell wall carbohydrates, since most of the variation in organic matter digestibility of ruminant diets can be attributed to concentration and digestibility of cell wall carbohydrates. The extent and rate of NDF digestion are generally determined by in situ or in vitro methods, but estimates have seldom been validated using in vivo data. A method for estimating digestion rate from in vivo digestibility of potentially digestible NDF and assumed rumen residence time is suggested. Future work is required to estimate the intrinsic characteristics limiting rate and extent of cell wall digestion, and the quantitative effects of some extrinsic factors such as intake and diet composition. Extensive data suggest that most of the compartmental retention time in cattle is pre-duodenal and that the reticulo-rumen is a system with selective retention of feed particles. However, models with selective retention have seldom been used to calculate NDF digestibility from kinetic parameters. This fundamental flaw in the model structure leads to serious underestimations of NDF digestibility unless unrealistically high digestion rates and/or low passage rates are used to correctly predict in vivo digestibility. To progress in understanding ofNDF digestion, it is vital to develop useful mechanistic models for the prediction of digestibility and intake.
Roles of vertical behavior in the open-ocean migration of teleplanic larvae: a modeling approach to the larval transport of Japanese spiny lobster

The vertical behavior of planktonic larvae has been increasingly recognized as an important factor in their transport. However, little is known about the roles of this behavior in openocean migration of teleplanic larvae. Using Japanese spiny lobster Panulirus japonicus in the western North Pacific and adjacent waters as a model species, we aimed to clarify (1) the effect of vertical behavior of larvae on transport success, (2) migration pathways of larvae, and (3) mechanisms that enable larvae to approach adult habitats before metamorphosing into competent swimmers (pueruli). Larval transport was simulated using an individual-based model with 10 different vertical behavior types (VBTs) and mortality caused by exposure to water temperatures outside the range (19−30°C) at which wild larvae appear. The VBTs that started transport at a shallow depth (1 m) had significantly higher transport success than those that started at greater depths (≥25 m). Of the successful VBTs, those with ontogenetic vertical migration (OVM) showed greater detrainment of particles from the Kuroshio Extension (KE) and facilitated southwestward transport of particles in the re cir culation region. Furthermore, the results indicate that phyllosoma larvae are transported by the Kuroshio, KE, and Kuroshio Countercurrent. Our study suggested that (1) detrainment of phyllosoma larvae from the KE to the recirculation region is facilitated by OVM and cross-frontal exchange at the meander trough, and (2) southwestward transport to adult habitats and avoidance of the low-temperature water shifting southward in winter are facilitated by OVM and the beta spiral. These findings highlight the importance of vertical behavior in open-ocean migration of teleplanic larvae.
Yield and quality of spring Chinese cabbage as affected by different temperature conditions during seedling production.

The objective of the two-year studies was to estimate the effect of differentiated temperature conditions during seedling production on the yield and content of certain compounds in Chinese cabbage grown in the field for spring harvest. A part of the seedlings subjected to natural low non-freezing temperature for the last 16 days before planting, while the remaining plants grew in optimal conditions (control). The marketable yield increased by 6.37-9.33 t ha as a consequence of low temperature stress during period of seedling raising. Despite of the fact that some plants formed external flower stalks (3.1%) in one year of the experiment, the share of Chinese cabbage heads suitable for trading in the total yield was also higher (by 1.2-5.2%) compared to control plants. However, all plants from Andrzej Kalisz, Piotr Siwek 4 seedlings raised at low temperatures formed internal bolts, while there were no flower stalks inside the heads of control cabbage. Seedling treatment had no distinct effect on the accumulation of dry matter, soluble sugar and L-ascorbic acid in Chinese cabbage heads. There was only a slight and not statistically confirmed tendency to the decrease in chlorophyll and carotenoids content in Chinese cabbage grown from seedlings of low temperature. The level of thiocyanates and crude fiber was the highest in control plants, differences amounted to 4.82-5.60 μg KSCN g f.m. and 2.09-2.43% d.m. , respectively. Results obtained in this study indicated that either temperature during raising seedlings or weather conditions influenced the Chinese cabbage yield and chemical composition of the heads.
The Factors Influencing the Odds of Cancer Examination in Wonju City

Objectives: This study was done for the purpose of revitalization of the health improvement project by looking into major influence factors on the health examination of local residents in a city area. Methods: The research data was collected using a survey of the local residents in Wonju-City, Gangwondo. The survey was held between Oct. 4th to Oct. 15th, 2004. And, it was done as a household interview survey. The independent variables used were socio-demographic characteristics, health status, health concern, and health behaviors. The dependent variable was whether or not the respondent did take a cancer screening test. Results: In case of men, the execution rate of cancer screening was higher for those who had spouses, who were having no experience of a disease, who drank, and who did exercise. In the case of women, the execution rate of cancer screening was higher in the cases who had spouses, who had high income levels, and who were making an effort for their health. Conclusion: To raise the execution rate of health examination, more research on the major factor of cancer screening is necessary.
City slickers: Habitat use and foraging in urban Common Mynas Acridotheres tristis

The introduced Common Myna Acridotheres tistis, often considered a pest species in Australia, appears to compete with some native birds for nest sites and potentially could also compete with native birds for food resources. We documented its breeding season habitat use and foraging behaviour in Melbourne to help promote a better understanding of its urban ecology, upon which future control efforts might draw. Myna density varied 5.7{old among the five urban habitat types surveyed, but differed significantly only between streetscapes and open parkland and wooded parkland and open parkland. Mynas mainly foraged on the ground on grass and sealed surfaces; foraging behaviour was dominated by gleaning (7O"/" of records) and varied as a function of the substrate occupied by the bird and on which the food resource occurred, but not ol habitat. The diet comprised insects, seeds, fruit and human food-refuse, but insects and/or seeds predominated. Mynas engaged in interspecific aggression infrequently (0.8 encounters observation 6-t;. Most interactions were with native honeyeaters and the exotic Common Starling Stumus vulgaris, but they usually only resulted in displacement of either combatant by a few metres. In urban Melbourne in the breeding season, Common Mynas were thus habitat generalists, but specialized in ground{eeding, mainly on insects and/or seeds and primarily by gleaning. They did not seem to be significant aggressive interference competitors with other bird species for food resources.
A Review of Stock Identification of Haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean

Haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, is a principal commercial species distributed throughout the northwest Atlantic Ocean, with major aggregations occurring on Georges Bank and on the Scotian Shelf. This review examines all available information on stock structure of haddock to evaluate the suitability of current stock units and to investigate areas that require further research. Combined information from tag-recapture, demographic, recruitment, meristic, parasitic, and genetic studies provide evidence for the identification of haddock stocks, with major population divisions occurring between New England, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland waters. Within each of these major divisions a number of discrete stocks appear to exist, although uncertainty remains in the amount of separation found within each region. Research utilizing more recent stock identification techniques should refine and improve our understanding of haddock stock structure in the northwest Atlantic.