Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laminar–turbulent transition in Poiseuille pipe flow subjected to periodic perturbation emanating from the wall. Part 2. Late stage of transition

Transition in a fully developed circular pipe flow was investigated experimentally by introducing periodic perturbations. The simultaneous excitation of helical modes having indices m = ±1, ±2 and ±3 was chosen. The experiments revealed that the late stage of transition is accompanied by the formation of streaky structures that are associated with peaks and valleys in the azimuthal distribution of the streamwise velocity disturbance. The breakdown to turbulence starts with the appearance of spikes in the temporal traces of the velocity. Spectral characteristics of these spikes and the direction of their propagation relative to the wall are similar to those in boundary layers. Analysis of the data suggests the existence of a high-shear layer in the instantaneous velocity profile. Additional experiments in which a very weak, steady flow was added locally to the periodic axisymmetric perturbation were also carried out. These experiments resulted in the generation of a single peak in the azimuthal distribution of the disturbance amplitude. The characteristics of the transition process (spikes, vortical patterns etc.) within this peak were similar to ones observed in the helical excitation experiments. Based on these results one may conclude that late stages of transition in a pipe flow and in a boundary layer are similar. The present report is part of an ongoing investigation that was initiated by Eliahou, Tumin & Wygnanski (1998a).
The genesis and predictability of persistent Pacific-North American anomalies in a model atmosphere

The setup process of Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern anomalies that last more than10 days and the role played therein by synoptic-scale transients are investigated using a T21,3-level quasi-geostrophic model. As there is no time-dependent forcing in the model, the lowfrequencyPNA anomalies are generated entirely by the internal dynamics. From a 300-winterintegration, 100 cases of positive PNA anomalies and 118 cases of negative PNA anomalieslasting at least 10 days are identified. The PNA composites reveal that 5 days before the setupof a positive (negative) PNA anomaly there is a negative (positive) height anomaly over Canada.This anomaly moves westward and stops over the North Pacific. It then intensifies and a wavetrain develops downstream. The roˆ le played by the synoptic-scale transients is explored byprediction experiments starting from day−5 (5 days before the appearance of a PNA anomaly). A 5-day average centered at day −5 is used to remove the synoptic-scale transients from theinitial state. The results indicate that even without these transients in the initial conditions, thesetup process of a positive PNA anomaly can be reproduced quite well. On the other hand,the setup of a negative PNA pattern cannot be predicted if the synoptic-scale transients areabsent from the initial conditions. In this case, the pattern evolves systematically, but differentlyfrom the way it evolves in the control run. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1999. 00011.x
Studies of impurity mode and ion temperature gradient mode in toroidal plasmas

The impurity mode and ηi mode driven by impurity ions with outwardly peaked density profiles, near the boundary of tokamak plasmas, and the ion temperature gradient, respectively, are studied in high‐temperature toroidal plasmas. The gyrokinetic theory is applied and finite Larmor radius effects of both hydrogenic and impurity ions are included. It is found that the impurity mode is enhanced by the ion temperature gradient. In addition, the impurity ions with outwardly peaked density profiles are demonstrated to have destabilizing effects on the ηi mode. These two modes are strongly coupled to each other so that it is impossible to distinguish between them when both the driving mechanisms are strong enough to drive the corresponding mode unstable independently. The correlation of the results with nonlinear simulations and the experimental observations are discussed.
Phase transfer function based method to alleviate image artifacts in wavefront coding imaging system

Wavefront coding technique can extend the depth of filed (DOF) of the incoherent imaging system. Several rectangular separable phase masks (such as cubic type, exponential type, logarithmic type, sinusoidal type, rational type, et al) have been proposed and discussed, because they can extend the DOF up to ten times of the DOF of ordinary imaging system. But according to the research on them, researchers have pointed out that the images are damaged by the artifacts, which usually come from the non-linear phase transfer function (PTF) differences between the PTF used in the image restoration filter and the PTF related to real imaging condition. In order to alleviate the image artifacts in imaging systems with wavefront coding, an optimization model based on the PTF was proposed to make the PTF invariance with the defocus. Thereafter, an image restoration filter based on the average PTF in the designed depth of field was introduced along with the PTF-based optimization. The combination of the optimization and the image restoration proposed can alleviate the artifacts, which was confirmed by the imaging simulation of spoke target. The cubic phase mask (CPM) and exponential phase mask (EPM) were discussed as example.
Existence of a 2n FFT algorithm with a number of multiplications lower than 2n+1

First we give a decomposition of an FFT of length 2n into a number of one-dimensional polynomial products. If these products are computed with minimum multiplication algorithms, we show that the 2n FFT can be computed with less than 2n+1 nontrivial complex multiplications. A variation of this algorithm is also shown to give the same multiplication count as the `split-radix´ FFT.
Aeration of a Free Jet Above a Spillway

A study of air entrainment above an spillway aerator is presented and discussed with a dimensional analysis. We conclude that similitude of air entrainment processes for spillway aerator is not possible between model and prototype. New informations on the aeration region are presented and an analytical solution of the upper nappe entrainment is developed.
Star Formation and Chemical Evolution in the Milky Way: Cosmological Implications

We propose an expression for the star formation rate in spiral galaxies and a model of chemical evolution with a minimal number of adjustable parameters. Our model accounts for most of the relevant data in the Milky Way. By adopting our Galaxy as a prototype, we are able to derive cosmological implications for the comoving star formation rate, gas amount, gaseous abundances, and supernova rates as a function of redshift.
Consumption feedback and water saving: An experiment in the metropolitan area of Milan

This paper questions whether informative feedback on consumption can nudge water saving behavioral change. For this purpose, we launched a five-month online information campaign which involved equipping around 1,000 households located in the province of Milan (Italy) with a smart meter. Treated households received monthly reports via email on their per capita daily average water consumption, which included a social comparison component (consumption class size). The difference-in-differences analysis showed that, compared to the control group, treated units reduced their daily per capita water consumption by more than 10 % (22 liters or 5.8 gallons). This additional water saving increased with the number of monthly reports, though it did not persist two months after the campaign expired. The impact of the campaign was heterogeneous across consumption classes, while a Regression Discontinuity Design analysis showed that different feedback on consumption class size differentially affected water saving at the margin. Finally, being able to observe the email opening rate, we complemented the ITT analysis by developing a Per Protocol (PP) analysis, where non-adherent units were excluded from the treated group. Both ITT and PP provide consistent conclusions, thus augmenting the level of confidence in the study results.
Clinical assessment and risk stratification for prehospital use of methoxyflurane versus standard analgesia in adult patients with trauma pain

Oligoanalgesia, the undertreatment of trauma-related pain using standard analgesics in prehospital and emergency departments, has been extensively documented as one of the major challenges affecting the effective treatment of trauma-related pain. When administered in low doses, methoxyflurane has been highlighted by numerous medical works of literature to provide an effective, nonopioid, nonnarcotic treatment alternative to standard analgesics for prehospital and emergency department use. Low-dose methoxyflurane has been associated with fast-pain relief in adult patients manifesting moderate-to-severe pain symptoms. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the clinical implication of low-dose methoxyflurane use in prehospital and emergency departments in adult patients with moderate-to-severe trauma-related pain. Moreover, the review aimed at assessing the risk stratification associated with using low-dose methoxyflurane in prehospital and emergency departments. The systematic review and meta-analysis performed a comprehensive search for pertinent literature assessing the implications and risks of using low-dose methoxyflurane in adult patients exhibiting moderate-to-severe trauma-related pain in prehospital settings. A comparison between the use of low-dose methoxyflurane and standard-of-care analgesics, placebo, in prehospital settings was reported in four clinically conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs). These RCTs included the STOP! trial, InMEDIATE, MEDIATA, and the PenASAP trials. A meta-analysis comparing the time taken to achieve first pain relief on initial treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe trauma-related pain favored the use of low-dose methoxyflurane to the standard-of-care analgesics (mean difference = −6.63, 95% confidence interval = −7.37, −5.09) on time taken to establish effective pain relief. Low-dose methoxyflurane has been associated with superior and faster pain relief in prehospital and emergency departments in adult patients exhibiting moderate-to-severe trauma-related pain compared to other standard analgesics.
Preparation, Characterization of New Antimicrobial Antitumor Hybrid Semi-Organic Single Crystals of Proline Amino Acid Doped by Silver Nanoparticles

Proline is water soluble amino acid extensively used in drug delivery systems. Compounds of cobalt (Co) transition metal have potent antimicrobial and anticancer activities. However, a drug delivery system combining proline cobalt is not reported yet. For the first time, new hybrid semi-organic single crystals of proline cobalt chloride (PCC) are prepared. The novelty of the article is also that single crystal proline cobalt chloride showed potent antimicrobial and antitumor activity. Doping of PCC by Ag0NPs significantly increased these biological activities. The anisotropic magnetic properties of single crystals can mitigate the cytotoxicity of Ag0NPs on normal cells. Silver nanoparticles (Ag0NPs) improved the crystal habits and physicochemical properties. Ag0NPs showed the best performance, paramagnetic materials n-type semiconductors due to delocalized excess electrons of Ag0NPs incorporated in the crystal lattice interstitially. Crystals have high absorptivity for UV-radiation electromagnetic radiation. Ag0NPs enhanced AC electrical conductivity up to 2.3 × 104 Ω cm−1 due to high electron density. Proline doped crystals are obtained in good purity as triclinic unit cell with having anisotropic magnetism. PCCAg0NPs crystal exhibited: high antimicrobial activities to various bacterial and fungal species, inhibition zone (mm): 21, 25, 24, 26, 30, 28, 12, and 46 for S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. typhi, E. coli, P. aerugino, K. pneumoniae, A. braselienses, and C. albicans, respectively, in comparison to ciprofloxacin antibiotic (23, 0, 26, 26, 25, 0, 0, 0) for the same tested species, respectively; higher cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (IC50 22.1 μM) than the reference drug cisplatin (IC50 11.7 μM); and lower cytotoxicity to normal healthy lung cells MRC-5, (IC50 145.5 μM) than cisplatin (IC50 30.2 μM). Hence, this crystal is a candidate for chemotherapy of breast cancer.
Identification of Driver Genes and miRNAs in Ovarian Cancer through an Integrated In-Silico Approach

Simple Summary Ovarian cancer ranks among the most frequent causes of death in women since the prognosis is greatly influenced by the disease’s stage. Since ovarian cancer is largely asymptomatic in its early stages, it is frequently detected in its late stages. One of the hallmarks of ovarian cancer is genomic instability. Although ovarian cancer is divided into several clinical subtypes, each subtype exhibits significant genetic and progressive diversity. In this paper, we concentrate on epithelial ovarian cancer, which is typically discovered when it is already advanced because there is no reliable screening method. Although numerous biomarkers have been researched and used to monitor its status and progression, we still lack drug therapy effectiveness in this subtype. Network biology has recently offered unprecedented opportunities for understanding disease mechanisms from integrative angles. The dysfunctions caused by diseased genes are carried out by a complex network of physical and metabolic interactions. The topological characteristics of these disease genes in the interactome are of particular importance to the systematic comprehension of their activity. We present a systems biology approach to finding miRNAs and complicated disease genes in an integrated biomolecular network in this paper. Abstract Ovarian cancer is the eighth-most common cancer in women and has the highest rate of death among all gynecological malignancies in the Western world. Increasing evidence shows that miRNAs are connected to the progression of ovarian cancer. In the current study, we focus on the identification of miRNA and its associated genes that are responsible for the early prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. The microarray dataset GSE119055 used in this study was retrieved via the publicly available GEO database by NCBI for the analysis of DEGs. The miRNA GSE119055 dataset includes six ovarian carcinoma samples along with three healthy/primary samples. In our study, DEM analysis of ovarian carcinoma and healthy subjects was performed using R Software to transform and normalize all transcriptomic data along with packages from Bioconductor. Results: We identified miRNA and its associated hub genes from the samples of ovarian cancer. We discovered the top five upregulated miRNAs (hsa-miR-130b-3p, hsa-miR-18a-5p, hsa-miR-182-5p, hsa-miR-187-3p, and hsa-miR-378a-3p) and the top five downregulated miRNAs (hsa-miR-501-3p, hsa-miR-4324, hsa-miR-500a-3p, hsa-miR-1271-5p, and hsa-miR-660-5p) from the network and their associated genes, which include seven common genes (SCN2A, BCL2, MAF, ZNF532, CADM1, ELAVL2, and ESRRG) that were considered hub genes for the downregulated network. Similarly, for upregulated miRNAs we found two hub genes (PRKACB and TAOK1).
Seeing in the dark: A review of the use of side-scan sonar to detect and study manatees, with an emphasis on Latin America

Manatees are aquatic mammals that live in a variety of environments. Many of those shallow water environments have murky water, making detection using traditional visual surveys very challenging. Side-scan sonar was first proposed as a tool to detect and study manatees in these complicated habitats in 2005. Here, we summarize the use of this tool from 2005 to 2022 by searching the available literature. Our literature search revealed that this tool is being widely used in more than 20 locations and over 15 countries. All three manatee species are being studied with side-scan sonar. It is most useful in murky freshwater habitats that are not too deep or open (e.g., large lagoons or lakes), where visual surveys are not effective. Most studies used side-scan sonar in combination with other methodologies such as passive acoustics and indirect evidence. Work is still needed to standardize the use of this technique so that image interpretation can be reliable, and results can be compared between studies. However, most studies indicated that this tool is essential in murky water habitats and provides one of the best ways to detect and study manatees.
Financial Repercussions of SNAP Work Requirements

This paper considers the credit response of individuals after the implementation of new work requirements for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance (SNAP) benefits using a large nationally representative sample of credit records. It does so by exploiting county-level variation in the implementation of work requirements after the Great Recession in a difference-in-differences design. We find that the implementation of new SNAP work requirements leads more people to seek out new credit and leads to an increase in credit account openings. New work requirements also result in an increase in total outstanding balances on bank and retail card accounts and increase the number of borrowers that are past due on these accounts. These findings suggest that some individuals are turning to credit and debt products to cover expenses after losing eligibility for SNAP benefits.
A fast kinematic dynamo in two-dimensional time-dependent flows

A time-continuous, constant-resistivity version of the fast dynamo model introduced by Bayly & Childress (1988) is studied numerically. The expected dynamo mechanism in this context is described and is shown to be operative in the simulations. Exponential growth of the fastest growing mode is observed, with the growth rate for the smallest resistivity attempted (1/Rm = 10-4) agreeing well with the Bayly–Childress model. It is argued, based on the long- and short-wavelength behaviour of the mode for different resistivities, that the growth rates obtained for the Rm = 104 case should persist as Rm → ∞.
The U-Net Approaches to Evaluation of Dental Bite-Wing Radiographs: An Artificial Intelligence Study

Bite-wing radiographs are one of the most used intraoral radiography techniques in dentistry. AI is extremely important in terms of more efficient patient care in the field of dentistry. The aim of this study was to perform a diagnostic evaluation on bite-wing radiographs with an AI model based on CNNs. In this study, 500 bite-wing radiographs in the radiography archive of Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology were used. The CranioCatch labeling program (CranioCatch, Eskisehir, Turkey) with tooth decays, crowns, pulp, restoration material, and root-filling material for five different diagnoses were made by labeling the segmentation technique. The U-Net architecture was used to develop the AI model. F1 score, sensitivity, and precision results of the study, respectively, caries 0.8818–0.8235–0.9491, crown; 0.9629–0.9285–1, pulp; 0.9631–0.9843–0.9429, with restoration material; and 0.9714–0.9622–0.9807 was obtained as 0.9722–0.9459–1 for the root filling material. This study has shown that an AI model can be used to automatically evaluate bite-wing radiographs and the results are promising. Owing to these automatically prepared charts, physicians in a clinical intense tempo will be able to work more efficiently and quickly.
Becoming an independent Swedish citizen: Critical literacy as a tool for multilingual literacies in Swedish for Immigrants

The aim of this article is to study the space for multilingualism and multiliteracy in the development of literacy skills through critical literacy in Swedish for Immigrants. The focus is on adult second language learners (L2 learners) with low education and Hornberger ’ s continua of biliteracy is used for the analysis of material from classroom observations. The observed teaching included space for multiliteracies and students were explicitly stimulated to bring their own experiences and express their own views. Thus, this linguistic ethnographic study supports earlier claims that all points on the continua are important in literacy education for adults. However, it also shows that conflicting perceptions may exist in class regarding what is happening and what should happen. Topics that are commonly used in critical literacy may further add to such risks. Developing literacy skills in an L2 means hard work, especially developing such skills from basic levels in adulthood. Thus, creating engagement is an important task for teachers, while teachers may hesitate in raising sensitive topics if they fear it may lead to conflict.
Observation of defect complexes containing Ga vacancies in GaAsN

Positron annihilation spectroscopy was used to study GaAsN/GaAs epilayers. GaAsN layers were found to contain Ga vacancies in defect complexes. The density of the vacancy complexes increases rapidly to the order of 1018 cm−3 with increasing N composition and decreases after annealing at 700 °C. The anticorrelation of the vacancy concentration and the integrated photoluminescence intensity suggests that the Ga vacancy complexes act as nonradiative recombination centers.
Sibling Training Hypothesis: Alcohol Use Behaviors Among Three Adolescent Siblings

ABSTRACT The sibling training hypothesis posits that younger siblings will come to resemble older siblings but has not been tested across three adolescent sibling dyads. In paired t-tests, sibling training was assessed across three sibling dyads (N = 102 families, 306 adolescents, Add Health data set, Waves 1 and 2). Evidence for drinking training appeared in the oldest/middle sibling dyad but not in dyads involving the youngest sibling. In latent congruence modeling, significant predictors of sibling drinking similarity included drinking by friends in the oldest/middle and oldest/youngest dyads. Research beyond the study of a single sibling dyad in a family is needed to better understand the generalizability of social influences, how they come about as well as consequences for adolescents and their families.
Pan-European deformation monitoring: The European Ground Motion Service

This paper describes the first results of the European Ground Motion Service (EGMS). The EGMS is part of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service and represents a unique initiative for performing ground deformation monitoring at a European scale. This service makes use of Advanced Differential Interferometric SAR (A-DInSAR) techniques based on satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. In particular, it exploits the Sentinel-1A/B SAR images of the Copernicus Programme, acquired over Europe. The paper briefly summarizes the main characteristics of the EGMS, describing different products of this Service. Then it presents some case studies extracted from the EGMS products. Examples of natural and human-induced geohazards are described.