Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nichtlineare p‐y‐Beziehung von Stahlbetonpfählen und stahlfaserverstärkten Stahlbetonpfählen in mitteldichtem Sand

Das Primärziel der vorliegenden Studie besteht darin, den Einfluss des nichtlinearen Materialverhaltens von Gründungspfählen auf die Pfahl‐Boden‐Interaktion zu untersuchen. Dies ist ein Aspekt, der bisher nicht eingehend für Stahlbetonpfähle (RC) erforscht worden ist. Aus diesem Grund wurde ein umfassendes Versuchsprogramm mit RC‐ und stahlfaserverstärkten RC‐Modellpfählen geplant und durchgeführt. Basierend auf Vorkenntnissen zu stahlfaserverstärkten biegebewehrten Modellpfählen (WS‐SFRC) wurde der Stahlfasergehalt auf 1 % festgelegt. Vor den Versuchen zur Pfahl‐Boden‐Interaktion wurden Biegeversuche durchgeführt, um die Moment‐Krümmungs‐Beziehung (M‐Φ) der Modellpfähle zu erhalten. Die Wirkung der Pfahlbiegesteifigkeit (EI) auf die p‐y‐Kurven wurde in der Analyse sorgfältig geprüft. Der Einfluss der Belastungsgeschwindigkeit sowie der Axiallast auf die Pfahl‐Boden‐Interaktion wurde ausgewertet. Es wurde erkannt, dass die Axiallast die Pfahl‐Boden‐Reaktion des RC‐Pfahles signifikant erhöht. Die Belastungsgeschwindigkeit beeinflusst die p‐y‐Kurve des RC‐Pfahles erheblich, während sie geringere Auswirkungen auf die p‐y‐Kurve des stahlfaserverstärkten RC‐Pfahles hat. Eine neue Methodik zur Verbesserung des etablierten Verfahrens zur p‐y‐Kurvenermittlung wird präsentiert, welche die Parameter für die Pfahlflexibilität in die p‐y‐Kurvenermittlung integriert.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) DI KABUPATEN BANGLI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja, dan (2) faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kinerja UMKM di Kabupaten Bangli. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Bangli menggunakan desain eksploratif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah pelaku UMKM yang ada di Kabupaten Bangli, dan objeknya adalah faktor kinerja UMKM. Data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini adalah data faktor pemasaran, akses permodalan, kemampuan berwirausaha, SDM, pengetahuan keuangan, rencana bisnis, jaringan sosial, legalitas, dukungan pemerintah, pembinaan, teknologi, dan akses kepada informasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja UMKM di Kabupaten Bangli, yaitu: (1) faktor internal, dan (2) faktor eksternal. Faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kinerja UMKM di Kabupaten Bangli adalah faktor internal, yang meliputi: pemasaran, akses permodalan, kemampuan berwirausaha, SDM, pengetahuan keuangan dan rencana bisnis. Kata Kunci : kinerja UMKM This study aimed to determine (1) the factors that influence the performance of MSME in Bangli Regency, and (2) the dominant factors influencing the performance of MSME in Bangli Regency. This research was implemented in Bangli Regency uses exploratory design. Data used in this study is qualitative data. Subjects in this study were principals of MSME Bangli, and the object is performance factors of MSME. Data required in this research is a marketing factor data, access to capital, entrepreneurship, human resource, knowledge of finance, business plan, social networking, legality, Government support, construction, technology, and access to information. The results showed that there are two factors that influence the performance of MSME in Bangli, (1) internal factors, and (2) external factors. The most dominant factor influencing the performance of MSME in Bangli Regency are internal factors, which include: access to capital, marketing, entrepreneurship, human resource, knowledge of finance and business plan. keyword : performance of MSME
Intuition and information in decision-making for sewer asset management

Decision-making for sewer asset management is inherently complicated, because of limited data and interaction with multiple actors, making it neither transparent nor reproducible, mostly based on intuition. It is unclear which and how information sources and intuition are used for sewer pipe replacement decisions. Therefore, this study assesses the use of information and intuition in decision-making for replacement decisions. Next to that, the success of the intuitive decisions is addressed. Interviews were conducted at seven municipalities in the Netherlands, combined with analyses of their strategic municipal sewerage plans. Content analysis identified twenty-one information sources used in intuitive risk analyses considering the following five aspects: pipe collapse, insufficient hydraulic performance, nuisance to citizens and related reputation of the organization, traffic disruption, costs for excavation and costs for surface level reconstruction. Given the complex context of sewer asset management and limited data, intuitive decision-making is favoured, but is however not skilled.
Analytic Relationships between Travel Time Reliability Measures

Travel time reliability is measured in various ways. Measures used in the transportation engineering field include the 90th or 95th percentile travel time, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, percent of variation, buffer index, planning time index, travel time index, skew statistic, misery index, frequency of congestion, and on-time arrival. Correlations and inconsistencies between these measures were observed on a case-by-case basis in past studies, without a full explanation or examination of the fundamental causes of such differing relationships. This paper analytically examines a number of reliability measures and explores their mathematical relationships and interdependencies. With the assumption of lognormal distributed travel times and the use of percent point function, a subset of reliability measures is expressed in relation to the shape parameter or the scale parameter of the lognormal distribution or to both. This process enables a clear understanding of the quantitative relationships and variation tendencies of different measures. Contrary to some previous studies and recommendations, this paper finds that the coefficient of variation, instead of the standard deviation, is a good proxy for several other reliability measures. The use of the average-based buffer index or average-based failure rate is not always appropriate, especially when travel time distributions are heavily skewed, in which case the median-based buffer index or failure rate is recommended.
Three-Dimensional Model for Stop-Control Intersection Sight Distance

Intersection sight distance (ISD) is the distance to be provided at intersections between minor and major roads. Current AASHTO policy provides an equation and charts for the required at-grade ISD so that a driver on the minor road can depart (crossing, turning left or right) safely, even though an approaching vehicle on the major road comes into view as the stopped vehicle begins to depart. The AASHTO model is based on 2 assumptions: 1) both minor and major roads are assumed to be straight without any vertical or horizontal curvature; and 2) the intersection angle is assumed to be 90 deg. In many practical situations, however, sight distance is required to be checked for an existing or proposed 3D intersection alignment where vertical curves (crest or sag) and horizontal curves overlap. This paper presents a new mathematical model for the analysis of stop-controlled ISD on 3D highway alignments that allows the major road to have vertical and horizontal curves with skewed angle, and the minor road to have a longitudinal grade. Design aids are developed to determine the available ISD for different geometric alignment variables (e.g., radius of horizontal curve, lane width, number of lanes, and vertical curve parameters). Application of the methodology is demonstrated and discussed using numerical examples.
A numerical study of the unsteady effects of droplet evaporation and ignition in homogeneous environments of fuel and air

The transient processes of droplet heating, vaporization and ignition in a quescient heated environment of a homogenous mixture of air and fuel that is potentially combustible are analyzed. A system of partial differential equations that governs this hybrid diffusional-premixed processes is presented. The equations were solved numerically for an n-heptane droplet vaporizing in a homogenous environment of methane and air. The effective reaction rate of the oxidation processes was assumed throughout to equal the sum of the reaction rates due to droplet and auxilary fuels.
The effect of drillpipe rotation on hole cleaning during directional well drilling

The effect of drillpipe rotation on hole cleaning during directional well drilling is investigated. An 8 diameter wellbore simulator, 100 ft long, with a 4 drillpipe was used for the study. The variables considered in this experimental work are: rotary speed, hole inclination, mud rheology, cuttings size, and mud flow rate. Over 600 tests were conducted. The rotary speed was varied from 0 to 175 rpm. High viscosity and low viscosity bentonite muds and polymer muds were used with 1/4 crushed limestone and 1/10 river gravel cuttings. Four hole inclinations were considered: 40, 65, 80, and 90 degrees from vertical. The results show that drillpipe rotation has a significant effect on hole cleaning during directional well drilling, contrary to what has been published by previous researchers who forced the drillpipe to rotate about its own axis. The level of enhancement due to pipe rotation is a function of the simultaneous combination of mud rheology, cuttings size, and mud flow rate. Also it was observed that the dynamic behavior of the drillpipe (steady state vibration, unsteady sate vibration, whirling rotation, true axial rotation parallel to hole axis, etc.) plays a major role on the significance in the improvement of hole cleaning. Generally, smaller cuttings are more difficult to transport. However, at high rotary speed and with high viscosity muds, the smaller cuttings seem to become easier to transport. Generally, in inclined wells low viscosity muds clean better than high viscosity muds, depending on cuttings size, viscosity, and rotary speed level.
A study on the cognitive and affective components of service quality

Service quality was defined as a form of attitude. From this definition, it is worth exploring the roles of the cognitive and affective components in service quality. This paper attempts to discuss the impacts of the cognitive and affective components of service quality upon customer behavior intentions under different service categories and customer genders. Propositions and future research about this study were then discussed.
Biofilm Formation and Phosphorus Removal in Two Stage Biological Filters by Alternative Aeration

In order to improve the biological oxidation and phosphorous removal in BAF, compound inoculation method was introduced to start two stage biological filters by alternative aeration. The two stage biological filters were connected by serial way, and three phases "batch aeration phase, the phase of small flow water for gradually increasing in the load, the alternative aeration phase" were adopted as the start up procedure. The experimental results showed that: COD removal rate was 83.3% after the former two stages; Ammonia nitrogen removal rate was stable at 81.5% while the TP removal efficiency was 68.9% and COD removal rate reached above 80% at the end of the third phase. Totally, 25 days were necessary for the biofilm formation in two stages BAF.
Simulation Study of Citrus Tree Canopy Motion During Harvesting Using a Canopy Shaker

Current canopy shaker harvesting machines were designed and optimized based on experimental studies about their fruit removal efficiency. To further improve the performance of canopy shaker harvesting machines, a better understanding of the interaction between the shaker and the tree is needed. Simulation studies for an entire tree or fruit-stem subsystems are available for trunk shaker mechanical harvesters, but no such study has been reported using a canopy shaker. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a simulation framework for predicting the interaction between the tree and the canopy shaker using finite element methods. A field experiment was conducted on three Late Navel citrus trees using a tractor-drawn canopy shaker at 180 and 230 cycles per minute (cpm) frequencies. The acceleration data from this experiment were used for simulation validation. In this study, the trees were modeled using SolidWorks and simulated using ANSYS. The input force was estimated using the acceleration of points on the tines of the canopy shaker. The mechanical properties of the citrus tree wood were determined under the assumption that it is isotropic in nature. The three citrus trees were modeled, and the acceleration data from the simulation were compared against the experimental data. Adjusted R2 values of 0.6 at the lower frequency (180 cpm) and 0.54 at the higher frequency (230 cpm) were observed between the two datasets. It was also observed that for both the experimental and the ANSYS simulation data, the equivalent stress and resultant acceleration were greater for the higher frequency than for the lower frequency.
Screening and sensitivity of non-lactose fermenting bacteria to antibiotics by Vitek-2 compact system

We are collected 150 clinical sample from different private veterinary clinics in Basrah province . Included 25 isolates from nasal discharge, 45 from feces , 35 from pus/wound infections, 20 from blood and 25 from ear swab . All isolates were subjected to microscopic examination and diagnosed 4 species of NonFermenting Gram Negative Bacilli (NFGNB) bacteria based on 47 biochemical tests by Vitek 2 a compact system where the species were 48 strain (32%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , 32 strain (21.33%) of Burkholderia cepacia, 31strain (20.66%) of Sphingomonas paucimobilis, 20 strain (13.33%) of Proteus mirabilis and 19 strain (12.66%) of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus . NFGNB results showed antibiotic susceptibility to different antibiotic resistance and susceptibility, where isolates showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia and Proteus mirabilis were susceptibility to antibiotic Meropenem (80% -98%), while Acinetobacter spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa least susceptible to Cefuroxime and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (20% – 30%). The bacteria showed Sphingomonas paucimobilis showed resistance to all the antibiotics tested. The current study was carried out with the aim of diagnosing and identifying NFGNB isolated from clinical samples and evaluating their clinical importance and study of antibiotic resistance. Key word:NonFermenting Gram Negative Bacilli (NFGNB), Vetik-2 compact, Identification, Drug resistance.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) Peel, Flesh and Seeds Powders

This research work was designed to investigate and utilize all three parts (peel, flesh and seeds) of pumpkin for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Pumpkin parts were separated, dried, grinded to powder and extracted by using 80% methanol. Percentage yield of pumpkin peel, flesh and seeds extracts, was found 12.37±0.10, 8.84±0.07 and 3.53±0.06% respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging activity (mg AAE/100 g) of pumpkin peel, flesh and seeds extracts was found 13.00±0.08, 10.58:0.06 and 16.53±0.09 respectively. All three types of extracts exhibited prominent antifungal activities against four fungal strains Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor miehei and Trichoderma spp. Pumpkin seeds extracts exhibited greater zone of inhibition against these fungal strains as compared to pumpkin peel and flesh extracts. For antibacterial study four bacterial strains Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli , Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus aureus were used. Pumpkin flesh extracts exhibited greater antibacterial activities as compared to pumpkin peel and seeds extracts. Free radical scavenging activity of pumpkin (peel, flesh and seeds) powders was analyzed through DPPH assay as illustrated by Brand-Williams et al. (1995), with slight modifications. An amount of 0.01 g of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was taken after weighing and transferred into a 25-mL volumetric flask having solvent (80:20 methanol/water (v/v). Flask was filled with solvent, up to the marking level. A calibration curve for ascorbic acid was also developed. An amount of 100 µl from each type of 80% MeOH extract was collected in microplates, then an amount of 2.0 ml solvent and 250 µl DPPH reagent were added. These microplates were shaken and kept in darkness at ambient temperature for a time period of 20 mint. Reduction in DPPH absorbance by spectrophotometer (Hitachi U-2900 Japan) at 520 nm was witnessed every 5 min intervals unless this absorbance was stabilized after a time period of 30 mints. Methanol played its role as blank solution, while DPPH solution with no test samples acted as control. All samples analyses were done in triplicate. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of pumpkin powder’s methanolic extracts was shown as mg of ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) /100 g powder in a reaction time of 30 mints.
Seismic Behavior and Deterministic Design Procedures for Steel V-Braced Frames

This paper presents an approach for designing low-rise steel framed buildings with inverted-V-bracing for severe earthquakes. A deterministic design philosophy is used with respect to earthquake-resisting ductile steel braced frames. Seismic behavior of steel frames with inverted-V-bracing is discussed. A series of dynamic analyses was performed on a two-story inverted-V-Braced frame, subjected to near-field ground motions. Ground shaking of this type may be expected in New Zealand, within 10 to 15 km from the Wellington fault, or in the United States in Seismic Zone 4. Post-elastic behavior of braces, beams, and columns is discussed. From the results of dynamic analyses, the interrelations between the seismic forces in frame members are identified. The expressions for the maximum expected seismic design actions in those elements are derived, following the capacity design method. It is believed that this approach will result in stronger and more ductile frames that are capable of resisting the near-field ground motions.
Flexible Water Distribution System Design under Future Demand Uncertainty

AbstractIn order to address the issue of water demand uncertainty due to the effect of climate change and urbanization in the design and management of water distribution systems (WDSs), a flexible methodology that combines sampling techniques (Monte Carlo—MC or Latin Hypercube—LH simulations), decision tree analysis, and genetic algorithm optimization is presented. The methodology gives flexible and optimal decisions as future water demand unfolds. The problem of optimal WDS design under uncertain future water demand is formulated here as a multiobjective optimization problem. The two objectives are as follows: (1) minimisation of total intervention cost; and (2) maximization of WDS end resilience. The decision variables are the conventional design interventions (e.g., pipe duplication and/or replacement of existing pipes with new ones, addition of tanks and pumps, etc.) and the water demand threshold values. The output from the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA2) optimisation process is the Pa.
The role of maternal hormones in programming offspring aggression

Over the past few decades, researchers have come to recognize that a mother’s physiological response to her environment can have transgenerational effects. Females transfer testosterone to their young prenatally and this maternal effect makes offspring more aggressive. Aggression can strongly influence an animal’s success depending on environmental context, and maternal effects are an important source of variation in aggressive behavior; yet, we do not fully understand what shapes maternal hormone responses or the proximate mechanisms that mediate its effects. While it is generally assumed that females in competitive environments allocate more testosterone, adaptively creating more aggressive offspring, not all bird species (in which maternal effects are best studied) respond by allocating more testosterone to egg yolks, making it hard to predict how different bird species’ behaviors and egg components will respond to environmental change. Additionally, we do not know what mechanisms mediate the effects of prenatal testosterone on offspring behavior, preventing us from understanding how it fits into larger ecological and evolutionary frameworks. Hence, my dissertation addressed 1) the causes of interspecies variation in yolk testosterone allocation in competitive environments and 2) the molecular mechanisms facilitating behavioral plasticity in offspring exposed to prenatal testosterone. For Aim 1, I performed a meta-analysis to identify species-specific traits influencing yolk testosterone allocation (Chapter 2) and experimentally tested the findings (Chapter 3). I found that colonial species do not allocate more yolk testosterone in competitive environments, unlike solitary species. This work challenges a widely held assumption that this maternal effect is characterized by a uniform response to competition, showing that it should be contextualized with life-history traits. Next, I explored natural variation in molecular responses to yolk testosterone in a wild songbird (Chapter 4) and experimentally tested the mechanisms in a captive species (Chapter 5). Hundreds of neural genes are differentially expressed in offspring exposed to yolk testosterone, including genes in behavioral pathways (e.g., nitric oxide and serotonin). Additionally, the data suggest epigenetic mechanisms may play a role in mediating the effects of maternal testosterone on offspring phenotype. Ultimately, this work helps us better understand the environmental and molecular causes of phenotypic plasticity. INDEX WORDS: yolk testosterone, aggressive behavior, avian, maternal effect, competitive environment, DNA methylation THE ROLE OF MATERNAL HORMONES IN PROGRAMMING OFFSPRING AGGRESSION
Preliminary Impacts of Wind Power Integration in the Hydro-Quebec System

Recent studies undertaken by Hydro-Québec evaluate three aspects of the integration of wind generation on their system reliability/security. In an operations setting, the impacts on intra-hourly operating reserves and on extra-hourly balancing reserves are examined. On an operations planning horizon, the wind power capacity credit is evaluated for winter peak loading conditions, when very cold temperatures risk disabling part of the wind generation. Depending on the study, various mathematical tools were used to generate the statistical characteristics of the load and anticipated wind generation: time-series analysis, wind simulation at new/future wind plant sites, power system simulation and a posteriori determination of forecast errors. However, in each case the measure used to quantify the impact of wind generation has been related to the change in the variance of the total system uncertainty as a result of the addition of wind power generation.