Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does hydroxyapatite nanoparticles' addition improve enamel esthetics after brackets' debonding ?

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles’ addition and determine the utility role of CO2 laser in improving esthetics of enamel surfaces after debonding. Methods: 90 extracted human premolars were used. 10 teeth were used as a control group. Trans bond Plus Self Etching Primer with Trans bond Supreme Low Viscosity Light Cure Adhesive, 3M/Unitek, was used to bond the orthodontic brackets (NU-EDGE.022" ROTH RX.TP Orthodontics) to the labial enamel surfaces. All specimens were stored in artificial saliva for 6 months. Orthodontic brackets were then removed using bracket removing pliers (Ortho Organizers, Carlsbad, USA). Residual composite removed by Sof-Lex finishing discs. The 80 teeth were divided randomly into 4 groups (n=20) according to the protocol of nanoparticles’ addition, 1) no nanoparticles were added, 2) nanoparticles suspended in water and rubbed on the dry enamel surface, 3) nanoparticles suspended in ethanol and rubbed on the etched enamel surface, and 4) nanoparticles suspended in bonding agent [Single Bond 2 adhesive (SB)] & rubbed on the etched enamel surface. Each group assigned into two subgroups (n=10) according to exposure to CO2 laser (9.6μm), where enamel of the first subgroup was irradiated at 3W; 20Hz; 4sec and 1Associate Professor of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 2Associate Professor of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Miser University for Science and Technology, 6th of October city, Egypt. 3Professor of Orthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Egyptian Orthodontic Journal 66 Volume 49 – June 2016 212J/cm2 while the other subgroup was not irradiated. The SE bonding agent was applied to the third group after its treatment. Specimens were tested for color changes using Quanta Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: highest mean color value was found with no particles. There was no significant difference between group 1 and 2. There was no difference between groups 3 and 4; both showed the statistically significant lowest mean color values. Meanwhile, no significant effect was found between laser and non-laser subgroups. Conclusions: the addition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles improved the enamel esthetics after brackets debonding.
A Computer Simulation Study of the Influence of Imprinting on Population Structure

A model is presented to determine the effects of absolute imprinting on population structure when individuals will only select mates the same color as their parents. Under these conditions, only the trivial equilibria can result in which one allele is eliminated and the population becomes homozygous for the alternative color allele or in which the population is subdivided into two moieties, each moiety being homozygous for one of the color alleles and between which there is no gene flow. Therefore imprinting can act as a powerful sympatric speciation mechanism. When imprinting is partial, it can act as a mechanism, independent of heterosis, to establish a balanced polymorphism in a population.
Prolonged Hypoxia Differentially Regulates Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α Expression in Lung Epithelial Cells

Transcriptional adaptations to hypoxia are mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, a heterodimer of HIF-α and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator subunits. The HIF-1α and HIF-2α subunits both undergo rapid hypoxia-induced protein stabilization and bind identical target DNA sequences. When coexpressed in similar cell types, discriminating control mechanisms may exist for their regulation, explaining why HIF-1α and HIF-2α do not substitute during embryogenesis. We report that, in a human lung epithelial cell line (A549), HIF-1α and HIF-2α proteins were similarly induced by acute hypoxia (4 h, 0.5% O2) at the translational or posttranslational level. However, HIF-1α and HIF-2α were differentially regulated by prolonged hypoxia (12 h, 0.5% O2) since HIF-1α protein stimulation disappeared because of a reduction in its mRNA stability, whereas HIF-2α protein stimulation remained high and stable. Prolonged hypoxia also induced an increase in the quantity of natural antisense HIF-1α (aHIF), whose gene promoter contains several putative hypoxia response elements to which (as we confirm here) the HIF-1α or HIF-2α protein can bind. Finally, transient transfection of A549 cells by dominant-negative HIF-2α, also acting as a dominant-negative for HIF-1α, prevented both the decrease in the HIF-1α protein and the increase in the aHIF transcript. Taken together, these data indicate that, during prolonged hypoxia, HIF-α proteins negatively regulate HIF-1α expression through an increase in aHIF and destabilization of HIF-1α mRNA. This trans-regulation between HIF-1α and HIF-2α during hypoxia likely conveys target gene specificity.
Interspecific hybridization between introduced and indigenous green lacewings (Neurop., Chrysopidae: Chrysoperla) at different adult densities

Abstract We investigated laboratory hybridization in different‐capacity cages between the indigenous Chrysoperla nipponensis and its close relative, Chrysoperla carnea, which has been recently introduced from Germany to Japan. Fertility varied depending on the combination of cross and cage capacity, and was decreased by reduced adult density in all crosses. Conspecific crosses showed significantly higher fertility than interspecific crosses. Interspecific crosses, especially C. nipponensis females × C. carnea males, showed low fertility at all adult densities. There will be few losses of identity of the indigenous C. nipponensis via interspecific hybridization with the introduced C. carnea, even if C. carnea were to become established in the wild.
Preliminary investigation of the digestive enzymes in Pagellus erythrinus (Linneo 1758) larvae

Preliminary investigation of the digestive enzymes in Pagellus erythrinus (Linneo 1758) larvae G. Caruso a , L. Genovese b , V. Micale b , M.T. Spedicato c & M. Mancuso b a Istituto Sperimentale Talassografico, C.N. R. , Spianata S. Raineri, Messina, 86–98122, Italy Fax: E-mail: b Istituto Sperimentale Talassografico, C.N. R. , Messina, 98122, Italy c Tecnologia and Ricerca Bari ‐ Torre a Mare, COISPA, Italy Published online: 22 Jan 2009.
Déclenchement du travail avant 37 semaines d’aménorrhée : évaluation des pratiques au CHRU de Nancy

Objectif : L’objectif principal de l’etude etait d'evaluer le succes du declenchement du travail et la voie finale d’accouchement en cas de prematurite moderee et tardive. Methodes : Etude observationnelle descriptive realisee dans une maternite universitaire de niveau III entre 2013 et 2015. Toutes les patientes beneficiant d’un declenchement du travail pour rupture prematuree des membranes, preeclampsie, retard de croissance intra uterine, alloimmunisation foeto maternelle ou cholestase gravidique, entre 32 et 36 semaines d’amenorrhees et 6 jours etaient incluses. Le succes du declenchement etait defini par la survenue de contraction reguliere avec une dilatation cervicale superieure a 3cm. Resultats : Parmi 1235 patientes ayant accouche sur la periode d’etude, 105 femmes ont ete declenche pour indication maternelle ou foetale (9,5%). Le succes du declenchement etait constate dans 90.5% des cas (95/105) et un accouchement par voie basse survenait dans 72.4% des cas (76/105). En cas de prematurite moderee, comparativement a la prematurite tardive, le succes du declenchement n’etait pas different (87.5% vs 90.7%, p=0.56) mais le taux d’accouchement voie basse etait statistiquement plus bas (37.5% vs 75.3%, p=0.03). Le taux de cesarienne etait plus fort en cas de retard de croissance intra uterin severe, comparativement aux foetus eutrophes (47.6% vs 22.6%, p=0.02). Conclusion : Le taux de reussite du declenchement du travail et l’accouchement voie basse consecutif sont eleves en cas de prematurite moderee et tardive. Le declenchement du travail peut etre considere comme une option efficace en cas d’indication medicale.
THE EFFECT OF MATING ON EGG PRODUCTION AND RELEASE IN THE CRICKET TELEOGRYLLUS COMMODUS

The female Teleogryllus commodus Walker is sexually receptive throughout the adult life. Mated females lay on an average four to six times more eggs than virgin females owing to higher total egg production and the retention of fewer eggs in the oviducts. Early mating does not result in earlier oviposition, but causes, when it occurs at a later date, the release of stored eggs. The mating‐factor originates in the testes and is transferred to the female via the spermatophore.
Avaliação agroindustrial e parâmetros genético de progênies de cana-de-açúcar em fase inicial na zona canavieira do Litoral Norte de Pernambuco

The objective of our research was to evaluate the agronomical, industrial performance and the magnitude of the genetic parameters of initial phase sugarcane progenies in the north coast of Pernambuco. Experimental works were developed during the agricultural year of 2006/2007 in the sugarcane plantation zone in the north coast of Pernambuco, in the district of Igarassu, in the area of the Sao Jose industrial plant. The experimental delineation was randomized blocks with five repetitions, using 24 genotypes as treatment (20 from the crossings and 4 standard varieties). The parcel was planted in three furrows of 6 m, spaced by 1.30 m with 10 seedlings per furrow (spaced by 0.6 m within the furrow), totalizing a total area of 23.4 m2. Harvest was done in the 10th month after the transplantation, where were evaluated the following variables: pol tons per hectare (PTH), sugarcane tons per hectare (STH), fiber (FB), corrected pol % (CPP), purity (PTY), brix (BX) and total retrievable sugar (TRS). The progenies of the crossings: RB855035 X RB72454; RB865230 X RB855035; Tuc71-7 X RB 72454 and RB 72454X Tuc71-7, overtopped for most of the studied variables. There is genetical variability among the progenies of the crossings for all the evaluated variables. The h2m estimations were expressive for the variables STH, PTH, CPP, FB, BX and TRS, indicating the possibility of success in the selection of these variables within the sugarcane plantation region of North Coast of Pernambuco.
EFFECTS OF N FERTILIZER ON TOTAL-N AND NO3-N CONTENT OF SIX GRASS SPECIES

Total-N and NO3-N content of forage were determined for six grass species — timothy (Phleum pratense L.); crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. ); intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv. ); stream-bank wheatgrass (Agropyron riparium Scribn. and Smith); bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.); and Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.). The grasses were fertilized with ammonium nitrate in early spring and were sampled at four levels of applied N — 0, 185, 550, and 940 kg/ha — and at three stages of maturity — early heading, anthesis, and seed-set. Total-N and NO3-N increased in all grasses with increasing levels of N fertilizer; Russian wild ryegrass showed the greatest increase and timothy the least. As maturity advanced, total-N content decreased. Total-N contents were similar in crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, and streambank wheatgrass. As maturity advanced, the NO3-N content of fertilized timothy, crested wheatgrass, and bromegrass decreased while that o.
High‐resolution ultrasound in monitoring patients with osteoarthritis

The development of high‐resolution musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) has improved our ability to evaluate the structural and inflammatory pathology involving the articular cartilage and cortical bony surface of joints affected by osteoarthriris (OA). US has also allowed us to “visualize” the surrounding soft tissues ranging from synovium, joint capsule and retinacular supporting tissue to tendons, ligaments and nerves, and this, in turn, has given us a much more complete picture of the extent of damage caused by OA, the most common of all types of arthritis. As a result, it appears that inflammation of the synovium is a relevant feature in patients with OA. Early osteophytic bone changes at the interface of the joint capsule with the bony articular margin, degeneration of the articular cartilage and erosions including central erosion of erosive OA are the cardinal features of this disease and are all detected by HRMSUS. HRMSUS is effective in monitoring patients with OA and continues to evolve from a technical standpoint. Drug Dev Res 72:764–771, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First record of Syncarida from Queensland, Australia, with description of two new species of Notobathynella Schminke, 1973 (Crustacea, Bathynellacea, Parabathynellidae)

Two new species of the parabathynellid genus Notobathynella Schminke, 1973 are described from Australia: N. octocamura sp. nov. and N. pentatrichion sp. nov. Notobathynella octocamura sp. nov. has eight claws on the distal endite of the maxillule, a character that is unique in the Parabathynellidae. It is also the first species of the genus with the following characters: five setae on the terminal segment of antenna, 26–28 teeth on labrum, 31 setae on maxilla, a three-segmented exopod on thoracopod I, five-segmented exopods on thoracopods IV and V, three setae and two claws on the fourth endopodal segment of thoracopods I to IV, and six setae on the uropodal exopod. This species also has a unique setal formula for some thoracopods. Notobathynella pentatrichion sp. nov. is unique in the genus with five setae on the uropodal exopod and, like N. octocamura sp. nov., has a one- or two-segmented exopod on thoracopod I, a four- or five-segmented exopod of thoracopod V, and three setae and two claws in the four segments of the endopod of thoracopods II to IV. The two new species extend the distribution of Bathynellacea in Australia and are the first species to be described from Queensland.
Population Dynamics of Yeasts and Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) During Tempeh Production

Yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly found in tempeh and has been studied separately. However, comprehensive study on population dynamics of yeasts and LAB during tempeh production, including the effect of the difference tempeh production methods has not been reported. This research was aimed in studying the effect of different methods of tempeh production applied in tempeh home industry on the dynamics of yeast and LAB communities. Population dynamics was expressed as both changes of colony number and its phylotype. Samples were obtained from five stages and from two different methods of tempeh production. Observations were carried out employing colony counting on selective media followed by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). The study indicated that the population of yeasts and LAB during tempeh production were dynamic and different between these methods. Tempeh production methods affected the presence of yeasts and LAB population as indicated by difference in colony number, the number and diversity of phylotype, as well as number of specific phylotypes grew on plates.
Epidemiology of West Nile in Europe and in the Mediterranean Basin

In the last 30 years several cases of West Nile (WN) virus infection were reported in horses and humans in Europe and in the Mediterranean Basin. Most of them were determined by strains of the Lineage 1 included in the European Mediterranean/Kenyan cluster. Strains of this cluster are characterised by a moderate pathogenicity for horses and humans and limited or no pathogenicity for birds. In recent years, however, WN cases determined by strains grouped in the Israeli/American cluster of Lineage 1 or in the lineage 2 have been reported in Hungary and Austria. The role of migrating birds in introducing new viruses to Europe has been often demonstrated. The migratory birds, which may be infected in their African wintering places, carry the virus northward to European sites during spring migrations. In the past, the virus introduction determined occasional cases of WN. In the recent years, new epidemiological scenarios are developing. In few occasions it has been evidenced the capability of WNV strains of overwintering by using local birds and mosquitoes. Species of Culex amongst mosquitoes and magpies (Pica pica), carrion crows (Corvus corone) and rock pigeons (Columba livia) amongst resident birds are the most probable species involved in this hypothetical WND endemic cycle.
Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters of Longevity in Australian Dairy Cattle

Abstract A new method of evaluating cows for longevity based on survival scores (S i is presented. Survival is defined as S i = 1 if the cow survives from i to i + 1 yr after first calving, or S i = 0 if the cow does not. Herd Improvement records on 253,000 AI-bred cows were used to calculate survival scores, and the genetic and phenotypic parameters of these scores were examined. Survival was constant at .85 to .86 until S 4 after which it declined. Average productive life was 5.8 to 6.6 yr, which is consistent with other Australian estimates. Heritability of survival was low (.004 to .088), especially for S 1 and S 2 . Genetic correlations among survival scores was highest in early years (up to S 4 ), and first lactation milk and fat yields were more highly correlated with early than with late survival. Survival scores were also genetically correlated with temperament, particularly for S 0 and S 1 . For routine sire evaluation, survival scores could be used in a multitrait or a repeatability model. However, given the high longevity of Australian cows and the low heritability, improvement in longevity might be more easily achieved by nongenetic means.
Aneuploidy and karyotypic polymorphism of Lysimachia mauritiana (Primulaceae) distributed in northern and middle parts in the Ryukyu Archipelago belonging to Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan

Karyotype change of Lysimachia mauritiana was cytologically analyzed in 76 individuals collected in the northern and middle parts of the Ryukyu Archipelago in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Sixteen cytotypes were recognized in the areas. At least, four long median- and six terminal-centromeric chromosomes were included in the chromosome complements of the individuals observed. Remarkable choromosomal polymorphism or karyotype variation was shown in the Ryukyu Archipelago, especially the Amami group.
Two new Silurian species of Eurypterus (Chelicerata: Eurypterida) from Norway and Canada and the phylogeny of the genus

Synopsis A new species of Eurypterus from the Wenlock of Ringerike, Norway is described as E. hankeni sp. nov., based on fine pustular ornament on the carapace and opisthosoma, an enlarged distal podomere of the swimming leg and long angular epimera on the pretelson. Eurypterus species are reviewed: the oldest species, E. minor Laurie, 1898 from the Llandovery of the Pentland Hills in Scotland is redescribed and diagnosed as having eyes with large palpebral lobes, posterior second order opisthosomal differentiation, a coarse pustular ornament on both carapace and tergites and lacking the rows of raised scales found in other representatives of the genus. Material described previously and left in open nomenclature from the Late Ludlow of Somerset Island, Canada, is here named E. leopoldi sp. nov. It is relatively similar to E. pittsfordensis, but differs in the rhombiovate outline of the metastoma. An overview of morphological features carrying phylogenetic information in Eurypterus is provided. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that the earlier‐used gen us, Baltoeurypterus Størmer, 1973, is not monophyletic and even use of the name for its type species only (and its sister taxon) will render Eurypterus paraphyletic, unless assigning most terminals to new genera. This is not considered appropriate and the genus name Eurypterus is here proposed for use for all species, including the three previously assigned to Baltoeurypterus.
Population genetics and phylogeography of the blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) from Washington to California

Blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) are a major component of nearshore ecology and fisheries on the west coast of the United States, but the extent of spatial structuring between localized populations is unknown. I sampled 245 blue rockfish at eight locations from Washington to California and sequenced a 498 base pair portion of the mitochondrial DNA control region to describe genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogeography. Haplotype diversity was high, but nucleotide diversity was low, indicating historically unstable population dynamics. Significantly high levels of population differentiation were detected among sample sites (maximum pairwise FST: full sequence = 0.25, reduced sequence = 0.74, P < 0.001), with a distinct break (ΦCT: full sequence = 0.12; reduced sequence = 0.36, P < 0.05) north and south of Cape Mendocino and no overall trend between geographic and genetic distances. Cape Mendocino may prove an important biogeographic barrier to other marine organisms, but it has not been ext.
Yield Evaluation of Maize Cultivars across Environments with Different Levels of Pink Stem Borer Infestation

Yield under infestation by the pink stem borer [Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre)] has been proposed as the best estimator of maize (Zea mays L.) performance under pink stem borer attack. Yield is a complex trait that greatly interacts with the environment. Several methods could be used to study the genotype x environment (GE) interaction. The objective of this work was to study the GE interaction for yield of 49 maize hybrids in five different environments by the Site Regression (SREG) and factorial regression methods. Locations presented different levels of natural infestation by the pink stem borer. The biplot obtained by applying the SREG method allowed visual cultivar evaluation. The factorial regression method incorporated genotypic and environmental covariates that enhanced biological interpretation of GE interaction. Hybrid A637 × EP42 would be recommended in northwestern Spain under medium and high natural infestation by the pink stem borer because it showed high and stable yielding ability. Genotypic and environmental covariates explained approximately 75% of the GE interaction variation, but other genotypic covariates could be introduced in the model to reduce GE residual variation to a nonsignificant level. In general, GE effects for grain yield were mainly due to earliness, vigor effects, and environmental yield limiting factors such as the mean of minimum temperature and percentage of air humidity.
Spatial and temporal distribution of breeding anurans in streams in southeastern Brazil

Anuran communities were studied at eight permanent forest streams located in a preserved site in southeastern Brazil, from August 2003 to October 2004. Nineteen species were recorded in six families: Bufonidae (two), Centrolenidae (one), Cycloramphidae (one), Hylidae (12), Hylodidae (two), and Leiuperidae (one). Twelve species exhibited calling activities during the study period and 10 of these were assumed to be reproductively active. The number of species present in streams was negatively related to stream volume. The composition of anuran assemblages was related to stream volume and structural complexity of the streamside habitat. Levels of dissimilarity between anuran communities from different streams were not related to the geographical distance separating these streams. Rainfall and mean monthly temperatures were not related to anuran species diversity per month, which may be due to forested sites providing appropriate conditions for reproduction for many species year‐round and favouring anuran species with long breeding periods. The results obtained indicate that streams of varied sizes, as well as streamside habitats, should be preserved in order to maintain anuran diversity.