Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Spatial Distribution of Population in Spain: An Anomaly in European Perspective

We exploit the GEOSTAT 2011 population grid to document that Spain presents the lowest density of settlements among European countries. Only a small fraction of the Spanish territory is inhabited, particularly in its southern half, which goes hand in hand with a high degree of population concentration. We uncover through standard regression analysis and spatial regression discontinuity that this anomaly cannot be accounted for by adverse geographic and climatic conditions. The second part of the paper takes a historical perspective on Spain's settlement patterns by showing that the spatial distribution of the population has been very persistent in the last two centuries, and that the abnormally low density of settlements with respect to European neighbors was already visible in the 19th century, which indicates that this phenomenon has not emerged recently as a consequence of the transformations associated with industrialization and tertiarization. Using data on ancient sites, we find that Spain did not feature scarcity of settlements in comparison to other countries in pre-medieval times, suggesting that its current anomalous settlement pattern has not always existed and is therefore not intrinsic to its geography.
Response of dryland spring wheat yield to elevated CO_2 concentration and temperature by APSIM model

Global warming has become the most complicated issue facing agriculture production in the world and has received much attention in recent years.In order to determine the effect of global warming on spring wheat grain yield,field experimental results in the semiarid Dingxi region were used in APSIM model simulation and analysis.Spring wheat yield response to elevated CO 2 concentration and temperature was researched by simulating wheat yield under regular climatic conditions.The used APSIM model parameters were firstly modified and then verified based on field data.Spring wheat grain yield was stimulated by the APSIM model for a unitized design of 7 levels of temperature and CO 2 concentration.Regression equations and path analyses were also used to analyze the response of spring wheat grain yield to the changes in temperature and CO 2 concentration.The results showed that average increase in spring wheat grain yield was 4.9%,with a maximum increase of 14.6% when CO 2 concentration increased by 100 mol·mol-1 at constant temperature.A quadratic parabola relationship was noted between spring wheat grain yield and CO 2 concentration,which indicated an increasing tendency.Spring wheat grain yield increment reduced with further increases in CO 2 concentration.Average drop in spring wheat grain yield was 6.1%,with a maximum drop of 14.2% when temperature increased by 1 ℃ at constant CO 2 concentration.Also a quadratic parabola relationship was noted between spring wheat grain yield and temperature,which suggested a declining tendency.While synergy effects of temperature and CO 2 concentration on spring wheat grain yield were positive,although negative temperature effects on grain yield were more obvious than positive CO 2 concentration effects.The study concluded that global warming with increased temperature and CO 2 concentration negatively affected dryland spring wheat grain yield in semiarid China.
Vertical Seismic Facies Detection Through Unsupervised 3D Voxel Based Seismic Facies Classification Applied to a Turbidite Field in Campos Basin, Brazil

We propose to use the 3D voxel based unsupervised seismic facies classification to identify vertical facies variations within a turbidite reservoir. The technique was applied to a real data from a deep water field in the Campos basin, Brazil, and the results were compared with other classical facies analysis method, with similar results.
Acupuncture-Analgesia-Mediated Alleviation of Central Sensitization

Pain can trigger central amplification called central sensitization, which ultimately results in hyperalgesia and/or allodynia. Many reports have showed acupuncture has an analgesic effect. We searched the related article on PubMed database and Cochrane database to discover central sensitization pathway in acupuncture analgesia. We summarized that acupuncture enhances the descending inhibitory effect and modulates the feeling of pain, thus modifying central sensitization. The possible mechanisms underlying the analgesic effects of acupuncture include segmental inhibition and the activation of the endogenous opioid, adrenergic, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid/kainate pathways. Moreover, acupuncture can locally reduce the levels of inflammatory mediators. In clinical settings, acupuncture can be used to treat headache, neuropathic pain, low back pain, osteoarthritis, and irritable bowel syndrome. These mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia may be involved in the alleviation of central sensitization.
Religious Pluralism in the Thoughts of Religious Leaders in Malang, Indonesia

Social and political considerations alone are inadequate to be the basis for pluralist attitudes so as to build relationships between religious communities because conflicts between religious communities still occur. This pluralist attitude needs a theological foundation to be made reliable. The purpose of this study is to explore the thoughts of religious leaders in Malang on the scriptural basis of religious pluralism, the methods of thinking used and the forms of activities applied. The analysis method uses the interview as the source of primary data. Document analysis was also carried out. Twelve religious leaders were the subjects, representing six religions in Malang: Islam, Catholicism, Protestantism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Confucianism. The results of the study showed that the thoughts of religious leaders were divided into two: pluralist and inclusive. There are four models of their thinking methods: privatisation, filtering, hermeneutics and proportionality. The thought of religious pluralism were applied in two forms: doctrine and social activities. The findings of this study are twofold: first, correcting Webber's theory of the relationship of beliefs and deeds; second, a new method called "Patterns of Pluralism Interpretation". Based on this, the research suggests that pluralist verses continue to be socialised and more interfaith social activities have been carried out.
A Lifespan Perspective on Subjective Well-Being

This chapter provides a lifespan perspective on subjective well-being. First, evidence for stability and change in subjective well-being across the lifespan is considered with attention to both set-point theory and evidence regarding whether life events and choices can alter individuals’ well-being in the long-term. Next, the chapter describes mean levels of cognitive and affective components of well-being and considers predictors and consequences of well-being at different points in the lifespan, including gender, culture and country, and socioeconomic factors that are important for the understanding of well-being. The chapter then summarizes aspects of cognitive and social development that affect subjective well-being from infancy to childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. Finally, the chapter suggests directions for future research.
Right ventricular outflow tract stenting during neonatal and infancy periods: A multi-center, retrospective study.

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of right ventricular outflow tract stenting for palliation during the newborn and infancy periods. Methods Between January 2013 and January 2018, a total of 38 patients (20 males, 18 females; median age 51 days; range, 3 days to 9 months) who underwent transcatheter right ventricular outflow tract stenting in three centers were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic characteristics, cardiac pathologies, angiographic procedural, and clinical follow-up data of the patients were recorded. Results The diagnoses of the cases were tetralogy of Fallot (n=27), double outlet right ventricle (n=8), complex congenital heart disease (n=2), and Ebstein"s anomaly (n=1). The median weight at the time of stent implantation was 3.5 (range, 2 to 10) kg. Five cases had genetic abnormalities. The median pre-procedural oxygen saturation was 63% (range, 44 to 80%), and the median procedural time was 60 (range, 25 to 120) min. Acute procedural success ratio was 87%. Reintervention was needed in seven of patients due to stent narrowing during follow-up. During follow-up period, seven cases died. Total correction surgery was performed in 26 patients without any mortality. While a transannular patch was used in 22 patients, valve protective surgery was implemented in two patients, and the bidirectional Glenn procedure was performed in two patients. Conclusion Based on our study results, right ventricular outflow tract stenting is a form of palliation which should be considered particularly in cases in whom total correction surgery is unable to be performed due to morbidity.
Factors Associated With School Dropout: A Sociological Study Among The Maram Naga Primitive Tribe, Manipur

Education is the vital wherewithal of desirable change. The 86th amendment of the Indian constitution proclaimed education is the fundamental right. The enactment of the RTE Act, 2009 also implies the gravity of education. The ground reality is somewhat different where a school dropout was an unavoidable phenomenon due to various causes. Manipur is one of the northeast states with beautiful landscapes inhabited by tribal people. This paper examined the causes of school dropout among the Maram Naga Tribe of Manipur. Totally, 260 school dropouts (between 5th std. to 12th std) were identified an interview schedule was used to cull out the causes behind their out of school. It was observed that large family size, lack of guidance, non-affordability, remote accessibility were the significant factors of school dropouts in Manipur.
Tax Evasion Ethical Perceptions: Gender, Business and Spirituality Perspectives

This comparative study examines the perceived ethics of tax evasion from the perspective of gender, business scale, and spirituality. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 90 entrepreneurs in small and medium scale businesses in the Bali Province. Wilcoxon test was used to test the ethical perceptions of tax evasion based on gender and business. The results showed that there were no significant differences in ethical perceptions between entrepreneurs in small and medium businesses toward tax evasion, and there was no significant difference in ethical perceptions between male and female entrepreneurs. Spirituality comprises the four visions of Hindu-Balinese life contained in Catur Purusa Artha. However, it should be noted that tax policy will be more successful if it is able to touch the hearts of taxpayers, at least the element of spirituality is able to suppress moral hazard efforts.
Exposure to Different Supply Chain Risks: What Matters the Most to Supply Chain Resilience and Supply Chain Performance?

Supply chain risks (SCRs) are a critical managerial issue. Their recurrence is elevated, with extreme ramifications for the existence and survival of the firm and its supply chain. This study focuses on how different SCRs influence supply chain resilience (SCRES) and ultimately supply chain performance (SCP). A quantitative methodology was chosen, with 182 respondents from large scale manufacturing organisations in Pakistan. The results show that, except for customer-oriented risk exposure, all risk types significantly influence SCR, while SCRES has a massive influence on SCP. Further, SCRES significantly mediates all other risk factors towards SCP. The results also pointed to the importance of investing and having certain resilient capabilities which enable firms to improve capability in anticipating, responding and recovering, at times of disruptions, and facilitating the enhancement of SCP.
On Continuity Correction for First-Passage Times in Double Exponential Jump Diffusion Models

This paper studies first passage times of crossing a flat boundary in double exponential jump diffusion models. We show that the Laplace transform of the corresponding continuous variable with correction terms can be used as a finer approximation for that of the discrete counterpart. Moreover, we show that the correction terms now involve parameters from both diffusion and jump parts. Simulation outcomes indicate that the approximation works well especially when the jump effect is relatively significant. To demonstrate the power of our results, we also consider the issue of option pricing for barrier types. keywords: asymptotic expansion, excess over the boundary, martingale, continuity correction, Laplace transform.
Factors Affecting the Implementation of the Teaching Factory in Vocational High Schools of Mechanical Engineering in East Java Indonesia

This study aims to find out the factors that significantly influence the model of the Teaching Factory (Tefa) implementation in terms of management, workshop, learning, human resources, marketing, industrial relations, and products in Vocational High Schools of Mechanical Engineering in East Java Indonesia. Data was taken from 105 teachers in 7 schools. Data analysis techniques used SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) with SPSS version 23 and AMOS 21. The results showed that the factors that significantly affected the product were management, workshop, learning and human resources. Factors that significantly influenced the implementation of Tefa were management, workshop, marketing and products. The interpretation of this relationship structure is that management, the availability of proper workshops, the availability of marketing and the presence of high products or productivity results, determines the determinants in the implementation of Tefa.
Using registry data to estimate the effects of long-term treatment use in cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease affecting over 10,000 people in the UK. It has no cure, but there are many treatments to help improve health. Randomised controlled trials are the gold standard for establishing treatment efficacy, but most trials for CF treatments have no more than one year of follow-up. In practice treatments are commonly used for many years, and it is therefore important to evaluate their long-term effectiveness. The UK CF Registry collects annual data on almost all people with CF in the UK. The overall aim of this work is to investigate how data from such registries can be harnessed to provide insights into the effects of long-term treatment use. My research illustrates the potential of registry data by investigating two CF treatments: DNase and ivacaftor. DNase is a common CF treatment and generally, once started, it continues to be used indefinitely. Despite this, no studies have investigated its long-term effects. Estimating these effects using registry data is difficult due to time-dependent confounding. I investigate five methods that can account for this: sequential conditional mean models, inverse probability weighting of marginal structural models (MSM), history-adjusted MSM, gcomputation formula and g-estimation of structural nested models. The performance of these methods is assessed through simulation studies, where it is shown that all methods perform similarly under correct model specification, suggesting that more than one method could be applied to assess consistency of results. My analysis of the UK CF Registry data suggests that DNase provides a step-change improvement in lung function only in individuals with ppFEV1 < 70% (e.g. for a person starting DNase with ppFEV1 of 20%, the one-year treatment effect was a 1.6% absolute difference in ppFEV1, 95% CI 0.4, 2.8). However, the slope of lung function decline over five years remained unchanged. Ivacaftor was introduced in the UK in 2012, but it is only available to people with a gating mutation. In this subgroup, it appears to be so beneficial that almost all eligible people are now receiving it. In this situation, it is difficult to estimate the treatment effect, because there are no eligible people not receiving treatment. Two possible comparator groups were identified: 1) those currently receiving ivacaftor, but using their data from years prior to its introduction, 2) those ineligible to receive ivacaftor due to their genotype. This work shows how analyses using negative controls can be used to assess the comparability of the different groups, and how differences between groups not due to treatment can be mitigated. Our analysis suggests that these two groups are comparable to people who are currently receiving ivacaftor, and the results of the analysis show that ivacaftor not only provides an initial step-change improvement in lung function (5.9% absolute difference in ppFEV1, 95% CI 4.7, 7.1), but also decrease the rate of lung function decline (0.5% absolute decrease in ppFEV1 decline per year, 95% CI 0.02, 1.0).
Startup and Bifurcation Behavior of Non-Linear Stick-Slip Vibrations: Creep Groan Occurrence for Increasing and Decreasing Speeds

Creep groan is known as an important cause of warranty issues related to disk brake systems. Creep groan’s self-excited and stick-slip related mechanisms lead to strongly perceptible noise and vibrations. Due to creep groan’s nonlinear nature, resulting limit cycle vibrations are known to depend on the operating parameters present in experiment or simulation. So far, this dependency on parameters such as brake pressure and vehicle speed has only been investigated for strongly reduced systems. These reduced systems were often not able to cover all bifurcation phenomena found within vehicle tests. Vehicle tests are, however, more difficult to control, which complicates the detection of stability regions on the full system. In addition, little attention was paid to the startup of creep groan vibrations until now, as most studies focused on the analysis of fully developed creep groan signatures. This study tries to cover this knowledge gap; to discover and explain bifurcation behavior as well as the startup of creep groan vibrations. The investigated system was chosen big enough to show the main bifurcation effects but small enough to be easily controlled: Half-axle tests were performed on a drum-driven test bench. During the tests, creep groan limit cycles were approached for different brake pressures by increasing as well as decreasing speeds. The results give detailed insight in the highly-transient mechanisms of creep groan startup. Two different bifurcations, lowfrequency creep groan at approx. 21 Hz and high-frequency creep groan at approx. 75 Hz, were found. A certain ‘transition’ groan was found as a phenomenon between both stable groan regions. The direction of approach – increasing or decreasing speed – clearly led to different stability regions. Based on these findings, recommendations for future investigations can be derived: Simulative and experimental models should be able to perform both lowand high-frequency groan. Both increasing and decreasing speeds need to be considered in creep groan analysis as well. This can be crucial for the design of simulation models and test procedures in future.
The Influence of Emotional Cues on Prospective Memory: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses.

3 Remembering to perform a behaviour in the future, prospective memory , is essential to 4 ensuring that people fulfil their intentions. Prospective memory involves committing to memory a cue 5 to action (encoding), and later recognising and acting upon the cue in the environment (retrieval). 6 Prospective memory performance is believed to be influenced by the emotionality of the cues, 7 however the literature is fragmented and inconsistent. We conducted a systematic search to synthesise 8 research on the influence of emotion on prospective memory. Sixty-seven effect sizes were extracted 9 from 17 articles and hypothesised effects tested using three meta-analyses. Overall, prospective 10 memory was enhanced when positively-valenced rather than neutral cues were presented ( d = 0.32). 11 In contrast, negatively-valenced cues did not enhance prospective memory overall ( d = 0.07), but this 12 effect was moderated by the timing of the emotional manipulation. Prospective memory performance 13 was improved when negatively-valenced cues were presented during both encoding and retrieval ( d = 14 0.40), but undermined when presented only during encoding ( d = -0.25). Moderating effects were also 15 found for cue-focality and whether studies controlled for the arousal level of the cues. The principal 16 finding is that positively-valenced cues improve prospective memory performance and that timing of 17 the manipulation can moderate emotional effects on prospective memory. We offer a new agenda for 18 future empirical work and theorising in this area. 19
Do Analysts Add Value after Management Forecast Revision?

This paper analyzes analyst behavior in revising forecasts following the release of management forecasts and the usefulness of analyst forecasts. The analysis shows that there is immediate herding of analysts once management forecasts are released. It also shows that new information is subsequently generated starting with large companies. Furthermore, the equity markets recognize these peculiarities pertaining to analyst forecasts and refer to management forecasts immediately after they are revised with subsequent reference to analyst forecasts beginning from large companies. Saori Nara Senior Assistant Professor, School of Commerce, Meiji University. 2001: Graduated from College of Economics, Rikkyo University. 2006: Completed master degree program in International Corporate Strategy, Hitotsubashi University. 2012: Completed doctoral program in Systems Management and Business Law, University of Tsukuba. PhD in Business Administration. From May 2012: Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology. From April 2013: Current position. Main publications: “Causes and consequences of non-disclosure of management forecasts” (Securities Analysts Journal, February 2013), etc. Mikiharu Noma Associate Professor, Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy, Hitotsubashi University. March 2002: Completed doctoral program at Hitotsubashi University, Graduate School of Commerce and Management. PhD in Commerce. From April 2002: Assistant Professor, Faculty of Commerce, Yokohama City University. From October 2004: Current position. From 2010 to 2011: Columbia University Business School, Fulbright Scholar. Main publications: Japanese corporate valuations Analysis of management behavior in the capital markets, 2009, Chuo Keizai-sha (co-authored with Makoto Nakano), etc. This article was translated by the author and reprinted from the August 2013 issue of the Securities Analysts Journal® with the permission of the Securities Analysts Association of Japan (SAAJ).
A ComPArAtIve Study of South morAvIAN lIgNIte ANd StANdArd IhSS humIC ACIdS ́ oPtICAl ANd ColloIdAl ProPertIeS

Optical and colloidal properties of humic acids isolated from South Moravian lignite and IHSS standards were assessed by emission, excitation and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-VIS spectroscopy and by means of zeta potential measurement. Obtained results indicated a high aromaticity of lignite humic acids which causes a strong inner filter effect in fluorescence measurement. As a result, lignite sample showed the lowest fluorescence intensity. The comparison of obtained records as well as humication indexes calculated from UV and fluorescence spectra did not show any correlation with the elemental composition or zeta potential values of humic acids under study. The results indicate that the optical and colloidal properties of humic acids of different origin can not be explained on the base of simple molecular composition. Therefore, also the nature of secondary structure must be taken into consideration.