Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-stationary dynamo and magnetospheric accretion processes of the classical T Tauri star V2129 Oph

We report here the first results of a multiwavelength campaign focussing on magnetospheric accretion processes of the classical T Tauri star V2129 Oph. In this paper, we present spectropolarimetric observations collected in 2009 July with ESPaDOnS at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope and contemporaneous photometry secured with the SMARTS facility. Circularly polarized Zeeman signatures are clearly detected, both in photospheric absorption and accretion-powered emission lines, from time-series of which we reconstruct new maps of the magnetic field, photospheric brightness and accretion-powered emission at the surface of V2129 Oph using our newest tomographic imaging tool – to be compared with those derived from our old 2005 June data set, re-analysed in the exact same way. We find that in 2009 July, V2129 Oph hosts octupolar and dipolar field components of about 2.1 and 0.9 kG, respectively, both tilted by about 20° with respect to the rotation axis; we conclude that the large-scale magnetic topology changed significantly since 2005 June (when the octupole and dipole components were about 1.5 and three times weaker, respectively), demonstrating that the field of V2129 Oph is generated by a non-stationary dynamo. We also show that V2129 Oph features a dark photospheric spot and a localized area of accretion-powered emission, both close to the main surface magnetic region (hosting fields of up to about 4 kG in 2009 July). We finally obtain that the surface shear of V2129 Oph is about half as strong as solar. From the fluxes of accretion-powered emission lines, we estimate that the observed average logarithmic accretion rate (in M⊙ yr−1) at the surface of V2129 Oph is −9.2 ± 0.3 at both epochs, peaking at −9.0 at magnetic maximum. It implies in particular that the radius at which the magnetic field of V2129 Oph truncates the inner accretion disc is 0.93 and 0.50 times the corotation radius (where the Keplerian period equals the stellar rotation period) in 2009 July and 2005 June, respectively.
Measurements of the Tip-Gap Turbulent Flow Structure in a Low-speed Compressor Cascade

Abstract : Experimental results are presented from a study of the tip-gap turbulent flow structure in a low-speed linear compressor cascade wind tunnel at Virginia Tech that includes a moving belt system to simulate the relative motion between the tip and the casing. Endwall pressure measurements and surface oil flow visualizations were made on a stationary endwall to obtain some global flow features. A custom-made miniature 3-orthogonal-velocity-component fiber-optic laser-Doppler velocimeter (LDV) with a 50 micron spherical measurement volume was used to measure all three components of instantaneous velocity within the gap between the endwall and the blade tip, mainly for the stationary wall with 1.65% and 3.30% of chord tip gaps, as well as some initial experiments with the moving wall. The surface skin friction velocity was obtained by using viscous sublayer velocity profiles, which verified the presence of an intense lateral shear layer that was observed from surface oil flow visualizations. All second- and third-order turbulence quantities are presented. Tip gap flows are complex, pressure-driven, unsteady highly skewed three-dimensional turbulent flows. The crossflow velocity normal to the blade chord is nearly uniform in the mid tip-gap and changes substantially from the pressure to suction side due to the local tip pressure loading, which is different from the mid-span pressure loading because of tip leakage vortex influence. Normalized circulation within the tip gap is independent of the gap size. The tip gap flow interacts with the primary flow, separates from the endwall, and rolls up on the suction side to form the tip leakage vortex, which is unsteady as observed from the TKE transport vector and oil flow visualizations. Other than the nearest endwall and blade tip regions, the TKE does not vary much in tip gap. The tip leakage vortex produces high turbulence intensities.
Three-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae: from shock revival to shock breakout

We present 3D simulations of core-collapse supernovae from blast-wave initiation by the neutrino-driven mechanism to shock breakout from the stellar surface, considering two 15 Msun red supergiants (RSG) and two blue supergiants (BSG) of 15 Msun and 20 Msun. We demonstrate that the metal-rich ejecta in homologous expansion still carry fingerprints of asymmetries at the beginning of the explosion, but the final metal distribution is massively affected by the detailed progenitor structure. The most extended and fastest metal fingers and clumps are correlated with the biggest and fastest-rising plumes of neutrino-heated matter, because these plumes most effectively seed the growth of Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instabilities at the C+O/He and He/H composition-shell interfaces after the passage of the SN shock. The extent of radial mixing, global asymmetry of the metal-rich ejecta, RT-induced fragmentation of initial plumes to smaller-scale fingers, and maximal Ni and minimal H velocities do not only depend on the initial asphericity and explosion energy (which determine the shock and initial Ni velocities) but also on the density profiles and widths of C+O core and He shell and on the density gradient at the He/H transition, which lead to unsteady shock propagation and the formation of reverse shocks. Both RSG explosions retain a great global metal asymmetry with pronounced clumpiness and substructure, deep penetration of Ni fingers into the H-envelope (with maximum velocities of 4000-5000 km/s for an explosion energy around 1.5 bethe) and efficient inward H-mixing. While the 15 Msun BSG shares these properties (maximum Ni speeds up to ~3500 km/s), the 20 Msun BSG develops a much more roundish geometry without pronounced metal fingers (maximum Ni velocities only ~2200 km/s) because of reverse-shock deceleration and insufficient time for strong RT growth and fragmentation at the He/H interface.
The students’ mathematical communication ability taught by cooperative script types at SMP Negeri 3 Kisaran

Mathematical communication ability is important owned by students’ because a lack of ability of mathematical communication can lead to a lack of understanding of the mathematical concept or mathematical problem. Preliminary observation conducted by researchers in SMP Negeri 3 Kisaran found that the students aren’t able to answer. It is clearly seen in the student’s answer sheet that the student’s mathematical communication ability is low lack of student’s mathematical communication ability of SMP N 3 Kisaran is so related to the learning process which has been done by the mathematics teacher. To fix it is necessary to develop an approach to learning that is more effective, creative, and fun. On this basis, the authors try to apply cooperative learning Control Class type to improve mathematical communication ability. This research is quasi-experimental or quasi-experimental research with a quantitative approach. The conclusion found that there is an increase in students’ mathematical communication ability taught by cooperative learning cooperative script type at SMP Negeri 3 Kisaran.
Boundary Layer Turbulence Index: Progress and Recent Developments

A boundary layer turbulence index (TIBL) product has been developed to assess the potential for turbulence in the lower troposphere, generated using RUC-2 numerical model data. The index algorithm approximates boundary layer turbulent kinetic energy by parameterizing vertical wind shear, responsible for mechanical production of TKE, and kinematic heat flux, parameterized by the vertical temperature lapse rate and responsible for buoyant production of TKE. Validation for the TIBL product has been conducted for selected nonconvective wind events during the 2008 winter season over the Idaho National Laboratory mesonet domain. This paper presents studies of four significant wind events between December 2007 and February 2008 over southeastern Idaho. Based on the favorable results highlighted from validation statistics and in the case studies, the RUC TIBL product has demonstrated operational utility in assessing turbulence hazards to low-flying aircraft and ground transportation, and in the assessment of wildfire threat.
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of Xanthyl-Cinnamate Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents

A new series of xanthyl-cinnamate hybrid compounds (4a-d) have been synthesized and screened through in vitro assay against four human cancer cell lines, i.e., HeLa, T47D, A549, and WiDr. The results revealed that xanthone hybridization with cinnamic acid increases the selectivity of the compounds with SI values of 2.75–209.03 compared to its parent oxygenated-xanthone. Compound 1,3-dihydroxyxanthen-6-yl cinnamate (4c) showed high cytotoxic activity against WiDr cell lines with an IC50 value of 39.57 µM. Molecular docking studies revealed the possible binding modes of all hybrid compounds with EGFR protein. A complex of 3,6-dihydroxyxanthen-1-yl cinnamate (4d)-EGFR, as the best binding model, exhibited higher predicted EGFR inhibitory activity than erlotinib and oxygenated-xanthone with a ΔG and Ki value of -35.02 kJ/mol and 0.74 µM, respectively. Compounds 4c and 4d were chosen as the most potent derivates from the study.
Quantum vacuum interaction between two sine-Gordon kinks

We calculate the quantum vacuum interaction energy between two kinks of the sine-Gordon equation. Using the TGTG formula, the problem is reduced to the known formulas for quantum fluctuations in the background of a single kink. This interaction induces an attractive force between the kinks in parallel to the Casimir force between conducting mirrors. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical in honour of Stuart Dowker's 75th birthday devoted to ‘Applications of zeta functions and other spectral functions in mathematics and physics’.
Properties and Applications of a Restricted HR Gradient Operator

For quaternionic signal processing algorithms, the gradients of a quaternion-valued function are required for gradient-based methods. Given the non-commutativity of quaternion algebra, the definition of the gradients is non-trivial. The HR gradient operator provides a viable framework and has found a number of applications. However, the applications so far have been mainly limited to real-valued quaternion functions and linear quaternion-valued functions. To generalize the operator to nonlinear quaternion functions, we define a restricted version of the HR operator. The restricted HR gradient operator comes in two versions, the left and the right ones. We then present a detailed analysis of the properties of the operators, including several different product rules and chain rules. Using the new rules, we derive explicit expressions for the derivatives of a class of regular nonlinear quaternion-valued functions, and prove that the restricted HR gradients are consistent with the gradients in real domain.
EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION AMONG PRIMORDIAL DISKS IN THE 5 Myr OLD UPPER SCORPIUS OB ASSOCIATION

Moderate-resolution, near-infrared spectra between 0.8 and 5.2 μm were obtained for 12 late-type (K0–M3) disk-bearing members of the ∼5 Myr old Upper Scorpius OB association using SpeX on the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility. For most sources, continuum excess emission first becomes apparent between ∼2.2 and 4.5 μm and is consistent with that produced by single-temperature blackbodies having characteristic temperatures ranging from ∼500 to 1300 K. The near-infrared spectra for 5 of 12 Upper Scorpius sources exhibit Paγ, Paβ, and Brγ emission, indicators of disk accretion. Using a correlation between Paβ and Brγ emission line luminosity and accretion luminosity, mass accretion rates are derived for these sources that range from to 1.5 × 10−8 M☉ yr−1. Merging the SpeX observations with Spitzer Space Telescope mid-infrared (5.4–37.0 μm) spectroscopy and 24 and 70 μm broadband photometry, the observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are compared with those predicted by two-dimensional, radiative transfer accretion disk models. Of the nine Upper Scorpius sources examined in this analysis, three exhibit SEDs that are most consistent with models having inner disk radii that substantially exceed their respective dust sublimation radii. The remaining Upper Scorpius members possess SEDs that either show significant dispersion among predicted inner disk radii or are best described by models having inner disk rims coincident with the dust sublimation radius.
Scattering length of composite bosons in the three-dimensional BCS-BEC crossover

We study the zero-temperature grand potential of a three-dimensional superfluid made of ultracold fermionic alkali-metal atoms in the BCS-BEC crossover. In particular, we analyze the zero-point energy of both fermionic single-particle excitations and bosonic collective excitations. The bosonic elementary excitations, which are crucial to obtain a reliable equation of state in the BEC regime, are obtained with a low-momentum expansion up to the forth order of the quadratic (Gaussian) action of the fluctuating pairing field. By performing a cutoff regularization and renormalization of Gaussian fluctuations, we find that the scattering length aB of composite bosons, bound states of fermionic pairs, is given by aB = (2/3) aF, where aF is the scattering length of fermions.
THE IMPLICIT AND THE INVERSE FUNCTION THEOREMS: EASY PROOFS

This article presents simple and easy proofs of the Implicit Function Theorem and the Inverse Function Theorem, in this order, both of them on a finite-dimensional Euclidean space, that employ only the Intermediate Value Theorem and the Mean-Value Theorem. These proofs avoid compactness arguments, the contraction principle, and fixed-point theorems. Mathematics Subject Classification: 26B10, 26B12, 97I40, 97I60
Lower semicontinuous solutions to Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations

The author investigates the value function of Mayer's problem arising in optimal control, and provides three equivalent definitions of lower semicontinuous solutions of the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. Under quite weak assumptions about the control system, the value function is the unique solution. It coincides with the viscosity solution whenever it is continuous. <<ETX>>
Fabrication of swellable PEGylated hydrogel by free radical polymerization for controlled delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; characterization and statistical analysis

Abstract The main objective of the current research work was to fabricate polyethylene glycol-based hydrogels for the controlled delivery of Ketorolac. Polyethylene glycol was chemically cross-linked with acrylic acid using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as a cross-linker with ammonium persulfate and sodium metabisulphite as initiators. To determine the efficiency of the synthesized system, it was subjected to various structural characterization, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry, Thermogravimetric analysis, and Scanning electron microscopy. All the results obtained from structural characterizations confirmed a well-cross-linked, thermally stable, and a porous system. Swelling and in-vitro release studies performed in pH 1.2 and 7.4 showed pH responsiveness as more swelling and drug release were observed in pH 7.4 as compared to pH 1.2. The drug release was considered as non-Fickian transport from kinetic modeling and partially controlled by the viscoelastic relaxation of hydrogel. Sol-gel fraction depicted that gel content was increased as the concentrations of the polymer, monomer, and cross linker were increased. Similarly, the results obtained from stability studies confirmed a stable synthesized system. Moreover, statistical analysis was also employed for a better comparison of the swelling and in-vitro results. Graphical Abstract
Maternal and perinatal outcomes in the COVID-19 Omicron wave in comparison with the Delta wave: a multicenter observational study

Objective. The aim of the study was to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes of the COVID-19 in Omicron and Delta wave. Materials and Methods. In this prospective observational multicenter study, we included unvaccinated patients who were hospitalized to deliver and who gave birth while infected. Patients who gave birth from May 15, 2021 to November 15, 2021 were allocated to the Delta group and those who gave birth from November 15, 2021 to the 1st of June 2022 were included in the Omicron group. The maternal and fetal outcomes were compared between the two groups. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results. We included 84 patients in the Delta group and 45 patients in the Omicron group. We noted more asymptomatic COVID-19 (p = 0.001), less dyspnea (p = 0.021), and less need for oxygen (p = 0.008) in the Omicron group. Cesarean section delivery was seen in 62 patients from the Delta group, and vaginal delivery was seen in 20 patients from the Omicron group with p = 0.029. Even if the incidence of complications and clinical deterioration after delivery were comparable in both groups, the length of hospital stay and the number of deaths were significantly higher in the Delta group with p = 0.038 and p = 0.024, respectively. The fetal outcomes were comparable. Conclusions. SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron wave had a lower requirement for oxygen support and improved maternal outcomes in comparison with the Delta wave. The main strength of this study is that it provides data related to maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with COVID-19 during the Delta and the Omicron waves among unvaccinated women from the south of Tunisia. To date, there is little data on the severity of infection by the emergent Omicron variant in unvaccinated pregnant women compared with previous variants. Our study showed that even if the Omicron variant is less dangerous than the Delta, unvaccinated parturients may need oxygen support and sometimes ICU admissions. This emphasizes the importance of vaccination [4]. limit The Omicron variant, spread In our study, the number of patients during omicron wave lower delta wave. may patients. We excluded pregnant women because previous studies showed the effectiveness BNT162b2 vaccine severe COVID-19 requiring hospital admission
Biochemical Characterisation and in vitro anti-cancerous potential of Karpa Chenthur, an herbal formulation prepared from selective Indian Medicinal Plants

Phytochemical compounds have been the starting point for the innovation of many modern drugs. In the present study, the anticancer properties of Karpa Chenthur, an herbal formulation prepared from four selected medicinal plants of India by virtue of their claimed anticancer properties in Indian traditional medicinal system. The in vitro studies conducted in different cancer cell lines confirmed the anti-cancer property of the herbal formulation. The anticancer property is probably due to the presence of flavonoids in the sample. Phytochemical analysis and assays also confirmed the presence of rich flavonoid contents followed by polyphenolics and glycosides. The preliminary results of the present study has indicated that the administration of Karpa Chenthur can ameliorate the adverse effects associated with cancer.
Residuals-Based CUSUM Charts for Poisson INAR(1) Processes

To monitor count-type observations that are correlated over time, the Poisson INAR(1) CUSUM chart has been proposed for cases where an integer-valued autoregressive process of order 1 with a Poisson marginal is appropriate. In a recent study, it is shown that the Poisson INAR(1) CUSUM control chart is especially well suited to detection problems that involve mean shifts in a process. Although special causes of variation that result in mean shifts are the most common out-of-control situations in practice, some special causes of variation may also result in shifts of the autocorrelation coefficient or the process variance. In this research, we define three types of residuals from the time-series model and develop corresponding approaches for CUSUM monitoring. In particular, three CUSUM control charts, one for each of these residuals, as well as a multivariate CUSUM monitoring of the residuals are investigated. A Phase II comparison of these residuals' monitoring approaches together with a benchmark CUSUM of the count type observations indicate that, for different types of process shifts, different residual monitoring approaches may perform better.
Large scale magnetic fields and the number of cosmic ray sources above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff

We present numerical simulations for the two-point correlation function and the angular power spectrum of nucleons above ${10}^{19}\mathrm{eV}$ injected by a discrete distribution of continuously emitting sources which follow a simple approximation to the profile of the Local Supercluster. We develop a method to constrain the number of sources necessary to reproduce the observed sky distribution of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, as a function of the strength of the large scale cosmic magnetic fields in the Local Supercluster. While for fields $B\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.05\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{G}$ the Supercluster source distribution appears inconsistent with the data for any number of sources, fields of strength $B\ensuremath{\simeq}0.3\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{G}$ could reproduce the observed data with a number of sources around 10.
Mathematics Explained For Primary Teachers

PART ONE: MATHEMATICAL UNDERSTANDING Primary Teachers' Insecurity about Mathematics Mathematics in the Primary Curriculum Learning to Learn Mathematics PART TWO: USING AND APPLYING MATHEMATICS Key Processes in Mathematical Reasoning Modelling and Problem Solving PART THREE: NUMBER AND ALGEBRA Number and Place Value Addition and Subtraction Structures Mental Strategies for Addition and Subtraction Written Methods for Addition and Subtraction Multiplication and Division Structures Mental Strategies for Multiplication and Division Written Methods for Multiplication and Division Remainders and Rounding Multiples, Factors and Primes Squares, Cubes and Number Shapes Integers: Positive and Negative Fractions and Ratios Calculations with Decimals Proportions and Percentages Algebra Co-Ordinates and Linear Relationships PART FOUR: SHAPE, SPACE AND MEASURES Measurement Angle Transformations and Symmetry Classifying Shapes Measurement Perimeter, Area and Volume PART FIVE: STATISTICS Handling Data Comparing Sets of Data Probability Answers to Self-Assessment Questions