Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early response evaluation using primary tumor and nodal imaging features to predict progression-free survival of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Prognostic biomarkers that can reliably predict early disease progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are needed for identifying those patients at high risk for progression, who may benefit from more intensive treatment. In this work, we aimed to identify an imaging signature for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) of locally advanced NSCLC. Methods: This retrospective study included 82 patients with stage III NSCLC treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy for whom both baseline and mid-treatment PET/CT scans were performed. They were randomly placed into two groups: training cohort (n=41) and testing cohort (n=41). All primary tumors and involved lymph nodes were delineated. Forty-five quantitative imaging features were extracted to characterize the tumors and involved nodes at baseline and mid-treatment as well as differences between two scans performed at these two points. An imaging signature was developed to predict PFS by fitting an L1-regularized Cox regression model. Results: The final imaging signature consisted of three imaging features: the baseline tumor volume, the baseline maximum distance between involved nodes, and the change in maximum distance between the primary tumor and involved nodes measured at two time points. According to multivariate analysis, the imaging model was an independent prognostic factor for PFS in both the training (hazard ratio [HR], 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.24; P = 0.003), and testing (HR, 1.21, 95% CI, 1.10-1.33; P = 0.048) cohorts. The imaging signature stratified patients into low- and high-risk groups, with 2-year PFS rates of 61.9% and 33.2%, respectively (P = 0.004 [log-rank test]; HR, 4.13, 95% CI, 1.42-11.70) in the training cohort, as well as 43.8% and 22.6%, respectively (P = 0.006 [log-rank test]; HR, 3.45, 95% CI, 1.35-8.83) in the testing cohort. In both cohorts, the imaging signature significantly outperformed conventional imaging metrics, including tumor volume and SUVmax value (C-indices: 0.77-0.79 for imaging signature, and 0.53-0.73 for conventional metrics). Conclusions: Evaluation of early treatment response by combining primary tumor and nodal imaging characteristics may improve the prediction of PFS of locally advanced NSCLC patients.
Nitrogen and Calcium Dosage in Nutrient Solutions: Effect on Fusarium Wilt, Nutrition and Yield of Tomato Plants

In the agricultural zone of Culiacán, Sinaloa, the tomato crop is affected by Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 (Fol3), which decreases yield and leads to high economic costs associated with controlling this plant pathogenic microorganism; in addition to the ecological impact of soil and water contamination. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate four nutrient solutions to assess their effects on the incidence and severity of fusarium wilt induced by Fol3, on the nutritional status of the crop, and on the commercial yield. Hybrid tomato plants of the round Imperial® and Roma Reserva® types were planted in substrate infested with Fol3. The nutrient solutions, based on the Steiner universal solution, were spiked with two concentrations of N-NO3 (12 and 9 moles m -3 ) and two concentrations of Ca 2+ (9 and 11 moles m -3 ), which were combined to yield four nutrient treatment conditions. Statistical analysis did not show significantly different disease incidences among the four treatments; however, the severity of the disease was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in treatments containing 12 moles m -3 of N-NO3 and 11 moles m -3 of Ca 2+ for Imperial hybrid plants, and no significant difference was observed (p>0.05) for the Reserva hybrid plants at different Ca 2+ and NO3 -
Comparison of Toxicity of Different Mycotoxins to Several Species of Bacteria and Yeasts: Use of Bacillus brevis in a Disc Diffusion Assay.

Twelve species of bacteria and two species of yeast were tested for sensitivity against 11 different mycotoxins using a disc diffusion assay. Among the bacterial species, Bacillus brevis appeared to be the most sensitive microorganism, being sensitive to eight mycotoxins (AFB1, ochratoxin A [OA], citrinin [CT], patulin [PAT], penicillic acid [PA], cyclopiazonic acid [CPA], penitrem A [PT-A], and zearalenone [ZEE]). This microorganism was not affected by a high concentration (500 μg per disc) of any of the trichothecenes (T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and deoxynivalenol). Kluyveromyces marxianus , a species of yeast, was the only microorganism that was inhibited by all four of the trichothecenes but was not inhibited by the other mycotoxins. The area of the inhibition zone produced by some of the mycotoxins such as OA with the B. brevis assay was dramatically influenced by the pH of the medium, while the toxicity of other mycotoxins such as AFB1 was relatively pH independent. The sensitivity of the B. brevis assay also tended to decrease at agar volumes above 6 ml and as the number of microbes per plate increased. The lowest amounts of the different ochratoxins; OA, OB and OC (OA ethyl ester) that could be detected under optimal conditions were 0.5, 20, and 2 μg per disc, respectively. The lowest amounts of CPA, AFB1 CT, PAT, PA, PT-A, and ZEE that were detectable were 0.5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, and 10 μg per disc, respectively. These results demonstrate that B. brevis can be used as a positive indicator organism to detect the presence of several common non-trichothecene mycotoxins. The results demonstrate that, used together, B. brevis and K. marxianus can be used as indicator organisms in a bioassay approach to the detection of several of the most common mycotoxins.
The Viability of Chrysemys picta Submerged at Various Temperatures

entirely accurate in connection with turtles, and in contradistinction we have consistently used the expression "cold torpor. " In the present work the animals are totally submerged, and only those at low temperatures are torpid. In any case, it is not the burden of this paper to define such terms, and the selection of words is intended to convey the widest understanding of the experiment and its back-
DETERMINANTS OF LATE ASD DIAGNOSIS Determinants of an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in childhood and adolescence: Evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Mariko Hosozawa, Amanda Sacker, William Mandy, Emily Midouhas, Eirini Flouri, Noriko Cable Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University, Japan. Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University College London, UK
Seasonal prevalence of mosquitoes collected from light traps in the Republic of Korea, 2007

Adult mosquito surveillance was conducted using New Jersey light traps from 1 May to 15 October during 2007 at 14 US Army and three Air Force installations and two US Army training sites located in six provinces in the Republic of Korea to determine threshold levels to initiate pesticide applications based on trap indices. A total of 24 013 adult mosquitoes (19 763 [82.3%] females and 4250 [17.1%] males) comprising 16 species (including five members of the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group) and belonging to seven genera were collected. Females of the most commonly collected species were members of the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group (52.1%), followed by, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (20.6%), Culex pipiens Coquillett (13.8%), and Aedes vexans nipponii (Theobald) (11.6%). Trap indices varied widely for species over their range, due in part, to geographical distribution and degree of association with urban or rural communities.
Ecological Genetics: Design, Analysis, and Application

Preface. Abbreviations. 1 Ecological Genetics. 2. Markers And Sampling In Ecological Genetics. 3. Genetic Diversity And Differentiation. 4. Gene Flow and Mating System. 5. Intraspecific Phylogenies And Phylogeography. 6. Speciation and Hybridization. 7. Case Studies In Ecological Genetics: Lycaenid Buterflies, Ragworts, Bears, and Oaks. Appendices. Glossary. Index
The structure and antimicrobial potential of wasp and hornet (Vespidae) mastoparans: A review

Wasp venom is a complex mixture of biologically active components, including high molecular weight proteins, small peptides, bioactive amines, and amino acids. Peptides comprise up to 70% of dried venom. In social wasp venoms, three of the major peptide types are mastoparans, which cause mast cell degranulation, chemotactic peptides, which promote chemotaxis of polymorphonucleated leukocytes, and kinin‐related peptides, which are known to produce pain and increase vascular permeability. Among these, the bioactive tridecapeptide mastoparan is the most common and may even have antimicrobial activity. Herein we summarize the results of studies on vespid mastoparans, focusing on hornets (Vespa spp.) identified following a systematic literature search for mastoparans of hornets in the genus Vespa, the most active mastoparan research taxon. The common features of hornet mastoparans are C‐terminal amidation, amphipathic helical structure, and multiple functions such as mast cell degranulation and hemolysis, as well as membrane permeabilization. Most interestingly, all tested hornet mastoparans have strong antimicrobial activities, suggesting that they can provide useful insights into and opportunities for development of novel antibacterial peptides.
Diversification of rice (Oryza sativa) wheat (Triticum aestivum) system for improving soil fertility and productivity

A field experiment was conducted during 1996 97 to 1999 2000 at Karnal, to evaluate the effect of 6 rice (Oryza sativa L.) based crop sequences on soil fertility and productivity. Maximum wheat equivalent yield was re corded by inclusion of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) (197.1 200.3 qlha), followed by vegetable pea (Pisum sativum L.) (173.5 173.8 qlha) between rice and wheat (Trticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.) crops. These systems resulted in additional wheat equivalent yield of 48 71 qlha over the rice wheat system. Continuous incor poration of Sesbania aculeata as green manure increased organic carbon by 8.7%, available N by 12.1%, Olsen s P by 10.1 % and available K by 5.0% in soil compared to rice wheat sequence. Growing of vegetable pea and po tato between rice and wheat also increased organic carbon by 8.9 and 17.1%, available N by 6.3 and 8.3% qnd available P by 6.3 and 19.0%, respectively, compared to rice wheat system. Green manuring with Sesbania aculeata added 97 109 kg Nlha and enhanced the wheat equivalent yield in the rice wheat system. Electrical conductivity and pH of soil decreased due to the inclusion of vegetable rice, potato and green manure.
Assaying the single and combined genotoxicity of Calotropis procera Ait latex and chlorcyrin in Aspergillus terreus

The conidial spores of Aspergillus terreus were treated singly and in combination (alternatively and simultaneously) with latex of Calotropis procera Ait (used as natural insecticide) and the synthetic insecticide Chlorcyrin. The single mutagenic effects of Calotropis procera Ait latex and the insecticide Chlorcyrin were tested by treating conidia of Aspergillus terreus with four different concentrations of Calotropis procera latex ; 5%, 10%, 20% and 40%, and with five concentrations of Chlorcyrin; 0.2ml/L, 0.4ml/L, 0.6ml/L, 0.8ml/L and 1ml/L (the field concentration) for different exposure times individually. Whereas, the combined mutagenic effects of the both substances, were tested in three ways of treatments. First, the conidia of Aspergillus terreus were exposed to the optimal dose of Calotropis procera Ait latex (20%) for 45min. , followed by exposure to the optimal concentration of Chlorcyrin (0.8ml/L) for 45 minutes. Second, same conidia were exposed to Chlorcyrin followed by Calotropis procera Ait latex with the mentioned concentrations and exposure times. Finally, third treatment included the exposure of the fungus conidia to a mixture of the two substances (same concentrations) for 90 minutes. As a results, it was found in the first single treatment that, an increase of Calotropis procera Ait latex concentration and exposure time led to an increase in auxotrophic mutants percentage, and the optimal dose for inducing mutation was found to be (20%) for 45min. of exposure which induced a percentage of 1.6 auxotrophic mutants. Similar trend were obtained in the second single treatment, that an increase of Chlorcyrin concentration and exposure time led to an increase in auxotrophic mutants percentage, and the optimal dose was found to be 0.8ml/L for 45min. of exposure (the concentration of which 3.6% of auxotrophic mutants were obtained). Furthermore, Chlorcyrin shows to be a potent mutagenic substance as compared with Calotropis procera Ait latex which shows a milder mutagenic effect, and more cytotoxic effect. All combined treatments revealed an antagonistic effect.
Postnatal colocalization of tyrosine hydroxylase and choline acetyltransferase in neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus of the laboratory shrew (Suncus murinus)

We detected the transient coexistence of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and choline acetyltransferase (CAT) in the neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) and in cholinergic fibers of the myenteric plexus of the stomach of the laboratory shrew (Suncusmurinus) by immunohistochemistry. The DMV neurons showed no reactivity to antiserum against GTP cyclohydrolase I, DOPA, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase or dopamine. After birth, the intensity of TH-immunoreactivity of the DMV neurons reached a maximum on postnatal days 7-9 and then decreased until postnatal day 20, when almost no TH-immunoreactivity was detected. These results suggest that TH may function not as a catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme but as a regulatory protein necessary for release acceleration or inhibition in the postnatal development of cholinergic neurons of the DMV.
An Ant Colony System for DNA sequence design based on thermodynamics

Hybridization between a DNA sequence and its base-pairing complement is crucial to retrieve the information stored in DNA sequences and operate a computation operation in DNA computing. Therefore, much works have focused on designing the DNA sequences to archive a reliable molecular computation and many algorithms have been proposed to obtain a set of good DNA sequences. In this paper, Ant Colony System (ACS) is proposed to solve the DNA sequence design problem. ACS as a derivate from Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is an improvement from Ant System (AS) that used some agents to get their solutions based on the pheromone in their colony. A model is prepared which consists of four nodes representing four DNA bases using nearest-neighbor thermodynamic parameter's Watson-Crick base pair ΔG°37 as the distance between nodes. The results of the proposed approach are compared with the other methods such as genetic algorithm and evolutionary algorithm.
PERSPECTIVE: EVOLUTION AND DETECTION OF GENETIC ROBUSTNESS

Abstract Robustness is the invariance of phenotypes in the face of perturbation. The robustness of phenotypes appears at various levels of biological organization, including gene expression, protein folding, metabolic flux, physiological homeostasis, development, and even organismal fitness. The mechanisms underlying robustness are diverse, ranging from thermodynamic stability at the RNA and protein level to behavior at the organismal level. Phenotypes can be robust either against heritable perturbations (e.g., mutations) or nonheritable perturbations (e.g., the weather). Here we primarily focus on the first kind of robustness–genetic robustness–and survey three growing avenues of research: (1) measuring genetic robustness in nature and in the laboratory; (2) understanding the evolution of genetic robustness; and (3) exploring the implications of genetic robustness for future evolution.
Evaluation of Morphological and Ultrastructural Changes of Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon) Spermatophore

The objectives of this research were to determine the morphological change of Penaeus monodon spermatophore and evaluate differentiation of sperm cell using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and abnormality of sperm cell in male shrimp broodstock aged 8, 11, 14, 17 and 20 months. Results showed that 8 month-old shrimp had the appearance of spermatophore morphology to transparent (T) color, and did not appear the production of sperm mass inside spermatophore. Obviously, current results also showed that the duration of sperm maturation of P. monodon spermatophore was observed in shrimp at the age between 14 and 17 months with the presence of opaque white (OW) color, high condensation of chromatin and electron material, and low level of abnormal sperm. Exceptionally, age of shrimp selected at 11 months, although characteristic of spermatophore was presented to be OW color, sperm quality in this period was low showing high level of abnormal sperm as well as decondensation of heterochromatin and electron material inside sperm cell. However, at the end of experiment, there was the decrease in spermatophore quality appeared in selection at 20 month-old shrimp, forming of blackened spermatophore color, as a result of decrease of normal sperm and chromatin and electron decondensation was observed in this study.
Limited Dispersal of Juvenile Anolis limifrons

Dispersal patterns and home range sizes of the tropical lizard Anolis limifrons were evaluated during the period 1971-1978 at two sites at Barro Colorado Island in Panama. The median distance between captures of individual juveniles was 2.9 m, and 95% of juveniles had median distances between captures of less than 11 m. The median distances between the centers of juvenile and adult home ranges for individuals first captured as juveniles and later as adults were 5.0 and 3.1 m for males and females, respectively. The greater median distance between the juvenile and adult home ranges of males than females is related to the fourfold larger size of the adult home ranges of adult males than adult females. Mean recapture radii (r) were used to measure home range size of adults. For adult males at Lutz and AVA sites, respective median values of r were 5.5 and 4 m, and the largest home range had a mean radius of 8 m. Of males captured as juveniles and later as adults, 43% had juvenile and adult home ranges less than 5.5 m apart and 68% were less than 8 m apart. For adult females at Lutz and AVA sites, respective median values of r were 2.9 and 1.9 m. Of females captured as juveniles and later as adults, 47% had their juvenile and adult home ranges less than 2.9 m apart and 82% were less than 8 m apart. Thus, most individuals appear to have overlapping home ranges as juveniles and adults. Low dispersal by A. limifrons individuals is associated with high adult mortality rates. Because of annual population turnover, maturing individuals can increase the size of their home ranges while maintaining the same location.
Integration Failures in France: A Search for Mechanisms Integration Failures in France: A Search for Mechanisms∗

Are there religious barriers to integration in France? We examine integration success of firstand secondgeneration immigrants in France using a new multidimensional index of integration. We show that immigrants converge to the means of French citizens with no migratory background on four dimensions of integration, ranging from economic to navigational integration. However, while second-generation Christian immigrants are indistinguishable from rooted French, significant differences remain between secondgeneration Muslim immigrants and French natives. We find evidence consistent with two possible explanations of this pattern. First, among first-generation immigrants, Christians marry native French at higher rates making them more eligible for citizenship. Second, Muslims growing up in France are more likely to be stopped by the police than immigrants of Christian descent, generating mistrust for the police among young Muslims. These mechanisms require further investigation in order to understand better the widening integration gap between Christians and Muslims into French society.
Evaluation of Seed Dressing Fungicides Against Pathogenic Seed Mycoflora of Pea

Antifungal activity of nine seed dressing fungicides were evaluated against Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi, Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani of pea by using poisoned food, seed inoculation and seed rolled techniques. Bavistin and tilt were effective against these mycoflora resulting in increased germination and seedling vigour of pea.
Genomic Prediction Informed by Biological Processes Expands Our Understanding of the Genetic Architecture Underlying Free Amino Acid Traits in Dry Arabidopsis Seeds

Plant growth, development, and nutritional quality depends upon amino acid homeostasis, especially in seeds. However, our understanding of the underlying genetics influencing amino acid content and composition remains limited, with only a few candidate genes and quantitative trait loci identified to date. Improved knowledge of the genetics and biological processes that determine amino acid levels will enable researchers to use this information for plant breeding and biological discovery. Towards this goal, we used genomic prediction to identify biological processes that are associated with, and therefore potentially influence, free amino acid (FAA) composition in seeds of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Markers were split into categories based on metabolic pathway annotations and fit using a genomic partitioning model to evaluate the influence of each pathway on heritability explained, model fit, and predictive ability. Selected pathways included processes known to influence FAA composition, albeit to an unknown degree, and spanned four categories: amino acid, core, specialized, and protein metabolism. Using this approach, we identified associations for pathways containing known variants for FAA traits, in addition to finding new trait-pathway associations. Markers related to amino acid metabolism, which are directly involved in the FAA regulation, improved predictive ability for branched chain amino acids and histidine. The use of genomic partitioning also revealed patterns across biochemical families, in which serine-derived FAAs were associated with protein related annotations and aromatic FAAs were associated with specialized metabolic pathways. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that genomic partitioning is a viable strategy to uncover the relative contributions of biological processes to FAA traits in seeds, offering a promising framework to guide hypothesis testing and narrow the search space for candidate genes.
Practical multiple scattering compensation for microfacet models

With the adoption by the game, animation and VFX industries of more physically grounded light transport methods and material representations, an effort has been put on energy conservation, to ensure both numerical stability of the computations and realistic looking images. However, this effort has been much more focused on avoiding undue light emission than ensuring no energy is lost in the process. Microfacet models have become a standard building block of surface materials for representing specular components of varying roughness; and yet, while they possess many desirable properties in addition to producing convincing results, their very design neglects an important source of scattering, that can cause a significant loss of energy. Specifically, they only model singlescattering across the microfacets, and ignore the subsequent interactions, which get more important as roughness increases. From a user standpoint, this results in an unexpected darkening of rough specular lobes, which typically has to be accounted for in ad hoc ways. In this document, we present and compare different approaches aiming to address this flaw and ensure energy preservation, including one that has been developed at ILM.