Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronic treatment with escitalopram and venlafaxine affects the neuropeptide S pathway differently in adult Wistar rats exposed to maternal separation

Neuropeptide S (NPS), which is a peptide that is involved in the regulation of the stress response, seems to be relevant to the mechanism of action of antidepressants that have anxiolytic properties. However, to date, there have been no reports regarding the effect of long-term treatment with escitalopram or venlafaxine on the NPS system under stress conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the above-mentioned antidepressants on the NPS system in adult male Wistar rats that were exposed to neonatal maternal separation (MS). Animals were exposed to MS for 360 min. on postnatal days (PNDs) 2–15. MS causes long-lasting behavioral, endocrine and neurochemical consequences that mimic anxiety- and depression-related features. MS and non-stressed rats were given escitalopram or venlafaxine (10mg/kg) IP from PND 69 to 89. The NPS system was analyzed in the brainstem, hypothalamus, amygdala and anterior olfactory nucleus using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods. The NPS system was vulnerable to MS in the brainstem and amygdala. In the brainstem, escitalopram down-regulated NPS and NPS mRNA in the MS rats and induced a tendency to reduce the number of NPS-positive cells in the peri-locus coeruleus. In the MS rats, venlafaxine insignificantly decreased the NPSR mRNA levels in the amygdala and a number of NPSR cells in the basolateral amygdala, and increased the NPS mRNA levels in the hypothalamus. Our data show that the studied antidepressants affect the NPS system differently and preliminarily suggest that the NPS system might partially mediate the pharmacological effects that are induced by these drugs.
Immediate Effect of Kinesiotaping on Non-dominant Wrist Extensor Muscles:an Alteration in Handgrip Strength of Healthy Individuals

Background: Adequate function of wrist extensor muscles is essential for handgrip strength. Handgrip strength can be used as a health problem predictor in the future. Maintaining and increasing handgrip strength to reduce the risk of future mortality is noteworthy. Aim: To investigate the immediate effect of the kinesiotaping facilitation technique on the non-dominant wrist extensor muscles on handgrip strength of healthy individuals. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in August – September 2020. Twenty-two healthy men, aged 25 – 40 years and willing to participate in this study by signing the research agreement form was recruited from Medical Rehabilitation Departement RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya, and randomized into kinesiotaping group and placebo taping group. The kinesiotaping group received kinesiotaping facilitation technique Y strip 50% stretched on the non-dominant wrist extensor muscles. The placebo taping group received non-elastic adhesive tape Y strip on the non-dominant wrist extensor muscles. Handgrip strength was measured using hydraulic handgrip dynamometer before and 30 minutes after kinesiotaping facilitation technique and placebo taping applied. Results: Alteration of handgrip strength is significant increase in kinesiotaping group compared to placebo taping group (p=0.036). Conclusion: Kinesiotaping facilitation technique on non-dominant wrist extensor muscles can immediately increase handgrip strength of healthy individuals.
How Do the Different Types of Maternal Diabetes during Pregnancy Influence Offspring Outcomes?

Background/Aim of the study: Exposure to maternal diabetes is considered one of the most common in utero insults that can result in an increased risk of complications later in life with a permanent effect on offspring health. In this study, we aim to assess the level of risk associated with each type of maternal diabetes on obesity, glucose intolerance, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature utilizing PubMed for studies published between January 2007 and March 2022. Our search included human cohorts and case control studies following offspring exposed at least to two different types of maternal diabetes clearly identified during pregnancy. Collected outcomes included prevalence, incidence, odds ratio, hazard ratio and risk ratio. Results: Among 3579 published studies, 19 cohorts were eligible for inclusion in our review. The risks for overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, and CVD were increased for all types of maternal diabetes during pregnancy. The risk of overweight or obesity in infancy and in young adults was similar between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). The risk for T2D or abnormal glucose tolerance was double for offspring from GDM mothers compared to offspring from T1D mothers. In contrast, the risk for T1D in offspring at any age until young adulthood was increased when mothers had T1D compared to GDM and T2D. The risk for CVD was similar for all types of maternal diabetes, but more significant results were seen in the occurrence of heart failure and hypertension among offspring from T2D mothers. The risk of autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders was mainly increased after in utero exposure to preexisting T1D, followed by T2D. Conclusions: Offspring of diabetic mothers are at increased risk for multiple adverse outcomes with the highest risk detected among offspring from T2D mothers. Future work warrants large multiethnic prospective cohort studies that aim to identify the risks associated with each type of maternal diabetes separately.
Limiting properties of the zeros of sampled-data systems with zero- and first-order holds

The zeros of sampled-data systems resulting from continuous-time systems preceded by a hold and followed by a sampler are discussed. The holds considered are a zero-order hold and a first-order hold. For a sufficiently small or large sampling period, such zeros are called limiting zeros. For a sufficiently small sampling period, they are known to consist of two different types of zeros: the zeros of the first type correspond to the zeros of the original continuous-time system, while those of the second type have no continuous-time counterparts. Basic properties of the zeros of sampled-data systems are shown for a sufficiently small sampling period. The correspondence between the former type of zeros of the sampled-data systems and the zeros of the original continuous-time system are clarified in more detail, including the stability property of these zeros. Stability properties of the latter type of zeros are also studied. In addition, limiting zeros are studied for a sufficiently large sampling period from the viewpoint of the stability of the zeros. The results are combined to derive the conditions which assure the stability of all limiting zeros. The conditions lead to the consequence that first-order hold provides no advantage over zero-order hold as far as the stability of the zeros of the resulting sampled-data systems is concerned. <<ETX>>
Observations of large-amplitude, whistler-mode wave ducts in the outer plasmasphere. Technical report

Strong enhancements of whistler mode hiss emissions have been observed to correlate with plasma density enhancements in the outer plasmasphere between L = 4 and L = 6. This indicates that these density enhancements are acting as whistler mode wave ducts. The wave and density observations were made simultaneously by the Aerospace swept frequency receiver aboard the AMPTE IRM spacecraft. The plasma density is determined from a narrow-band line near the plasma frequency. The hiss emissions generally occur below 2 kHz. The ducts consist of density enhancements of more than 40%. Density gradients on the sides of the ducts range from 0.10 to 0.24 el cm−3 km−1. The half width of each duct is typically 250 km. The wave intensity maximizes about 15 km from the center of the duct toward the outside, i.e., the side with a negative density gradient with increasing distance. The wave intensity near the center of a duct is an order of magnitude higher than the wave intensity at the density minimum between ducts.
Path analysis and near-infrared spectroscopy in canola crop

ABSTRACT: This study measured the effect of the association between agronomic traits related to the yield of canola grains grown at different sowing dates through path analysis. Another objective was to obtain a method to predict the oil content in the grains, fitting a multivariate model through near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy analysis. The experiment was conducted in the field using a randomized block design in plots subdivided by time, with four plots (sowing dates), six subplots (canola hybrids), and four replicates. In each hybrid, phenological observations were performed, and the grain yield was determined. The data were subjected to analysis of variance in the R environment using the F test at 5% probability. The oil content in the grains was determined by the traditional chemical method, and based on the NIR spectral signature of the grain samples, partial least squares regression (PLS-R) was established to estimate the oil content in the canola grains. The sowing dates influenced the production components and oil content of the grains of all hybrids. The trait number of grains in five plants (0.6857) and their height (0.4943) had greater estimates of positive correlations with grain yield, as well as higher values of positive direct effects on yield (0.2494 and 0.1595, respectively). The NIR technique combined with PLS-R was able to predict the oil content in the grains, resulting in good predictive models (R2 of 0.86 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.56 in external validation).
Simultaneous Determination of Six Components in Beagle Dog Plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and Its Application to a Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Three Different Yuanhu Zhitong Preparations

This study has developed a sensitive, simple, and reliable ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of corydaline, tetrahydropalmatine, tetrahydroberberine, tetrahydrocoptisine, byakangelicin, and byakangelicol in beagle dog plasma after oral administration of Yuanhu Zhitong (YHZT) oral liquid, dispersible tablet, and dropping pills. A one-step protein precipitation method was used with methanol-acetonitrile (50 : 50, v/v) for plasma sample pretreatment. Six analytes and one internal standard were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) by gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid-water and 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Detection was conducted by multiple reaction monitoring mode in the positive ionization. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.9920). The lower limit of quantization ranged from 0.1 to 1 ng/mL. Moreover, the other results of the method validation were within the acceptable range. After oral administration, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the three YHZT preparations were different. Compared with the two solid preparations, the absorption of the six analytes in oral liquid was more rapid. Moreover, the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve and the maximum plasma concentration of tetrahydropalmatine (the main analgesic component of YHZT prescription) in the oral liquid group were higher than those in the other two groups. The results showed oral liquid can exert its efficacy quickly, while dispersible tablet and dropping pills exhibit relatively slow release pattern. The comparative pharmacokinetic study would be helpful to the clinical rational selection and application of YHZT preparations.
How Well are Job Burnout and Engagement Related to Public Service Motivation Among Civil Servants? Empirical Evidence in Pandemic Setting

This study aims to analyze how job burnout and engagement could affect public service motivation among civil servants in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The sample in this study was employees who worked in public organizations in Bandung Raya, West Java Province, Indonesia. By using a purposive sampling technique, about 73 civils who are willing to become respondents and participate in the research. The results reveal that all hypotheses proposed in the study can be confirmed. An important finding from this study is the mediating role of job engagement on the effect of job burnout on public service motivation. Although job burnout can directly reduce job engagement and public services motivation, if public organizations can manage job engagement better, they will be able to increase public services motivation even more. The development of relationships between concepts and patterns that apply in context and other research designs is highly recommended to uncover interesting things that may not have been found in this study. Recommendations for further research are to expand the scope of the research object, in addition to re-examining the validity of the model, it is also expected to reveal other things that are important information for policymakers and leaders in public sector organizations.
Adhering to Canada’s Food Guide Recommendations on Healthy Food Choices Increases the Daily Diet Cost: Insights from the PREDISE Study

The aim of this study was to assess the association between daily diet costs and the Healthy Eating Food Index (HEFI)-2019, an index that reflects the alignment of dietary patterns to recommendations on healthy food choices in the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide (CFG). Dietary intake data from 24 h recalls, completed between 2015 and 2017, of 1147 French-speaking participants of the web-based multicenter cross-sectional PRÉDicteurs Individuels, Sociaux et Environnementaux (PREDISE) study in Quebec were used. Diet costs were calculated from dietary recall data using a Quebec-specific 2015–2016 Nielsen food price database. Usual dietary intakes and diet costs were estimated using the National Cancer Institute’s multivariate method. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between diet costs and HEFI-2019 scores. When standardized for energy intake, a higher HEFI-2019 score (75th vs. 25th percentiles) was associated with a 1.09 $CAD higher daily diet cost (95% CI, 0.73 to 1.45). This positive association was consistent among different sociodemographic subgroups based on sex, age, education, household income, and administrative region of residence. A higher daily diet cost was associated with a higher HEFI-2019 score for the Vegetables and fruits, Beverage, Grain foods ratio, Fatty acids ratio, Saturated fats, and Free sugars components, but with a lower score for the Sodium component. These results suggest that for a given amount of calories, a greater adherence to the 2019 CFG recommendations on healthy food choices is associated with an increased daily diet cost. This highlights the challenge of conciliating affordability and healthfulness when developing national dietary guidelines in the context of diet sustainability.
Use of Open-Source Object Detection Algorithms to Detect Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Soybean

Abstract Site-specific weed management using open-source object detection algorithms could accurately detect weeds in cropping systems. We investigated the use of object detection algorithms to detect Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ]. The objectives were to (1) develop an annotated image database of A. palmeri and soybean to fine-tune object detection algorithms, (2) compare effectiveness of multiple open-source algorithms in detecting A. palmeri, and (3) evaluate the relationship between A. palmeri growth features and A. palmeri detection ability. Soybean field sites were established in Manhattan, KS, and Gypsum, KS, with natural populations of A. palmeri. A total of 1,108 and 392 images were taken aerially and at ground level, respectively, between May 27 and July 27, 2021. After image annotation, a total of 4,492 images were selected. Annotated images were used to fine-tune open-source faster regional convolutional (Faster R-CNN) and single-shot detector (SSD) algorithms using a Resnet backbone, as well as the “You Only Look Once” (YOLO) series algorithms. Results demonstrated that YOLO v. 5 achieved the highest mean average precision score of 0.77. For both A. palmeri and soybean detections within this algorithm, the highest F1 score was 0.72 when using a confidence threshold of 0.298. A lower confidence threshold of 0.15 increased the likelihood of species detection, but also increased the likelihood of false-positive detections. The trained YOLOv5 data set was used to identify A. palmeri in a data set paired with measured growth features. Linear regression models predicted that as A. palmeri densities increased and as A. palmeri height increased, precision, recall, and F1 scores of algorithms would decrease. We conclude that open-source algorithms such as YOLOv5 show great potential in detecting A. palmeri in soybean-cropping systems.
Quasi-BICs Enabled Proximity Sensing Based on Metal Complementary H-Shaped Arrays at Terahertz Frequencies

All metal sensing based on complementary H-shaped arrays (HSAs) is numerically and experimentally investigated at terahertz frequencies. The symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BICs) are activated by adjusting one arm's length of the H-shaped, enabling high-Q quasi-BICs. The Q-factor of quasi-BICs is modulated in terms of structural parameters and metal conductivity. With optimal structural parameters of copper HSAs, the proximity sensing performances are studied as a function of the film thickness and the refractive index. High sensitivity of 151 GHz/RIU and FOM of 18.7 are obtained, respectively, which are high compared with the previous metamaterials with planar substrates. In addition, the HSAs are even sensitive to the ultrathin graphene film. These findings indicate that such HSAs-based sensor has great potential for practical applications in chemical and biomolecular fields.
Energy Hub Gas: A Modular Setup for the Evaluation of Local Flexibility and Renewable Energy Carriers Provision

The ambitious targets for the reduction of green-house gas (GHG) emissions force the enhanced integration and installation of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs). Furthermore, the increased reliance of multiple sectors on electrical energy additionally challenges the electricity grid with high volatility from the demand side. In order to keep the transmission system operation stable and secure, the present approach adds local flexibility into the distribution system using the modular Energy Hub Gas (EHG) concept. For this concept, two different test cases are configured and evaluated. The two configured EHGs demonstrate the ability to provide flexibility and adaptability by reducing the difference between maximal and minimal load in the surrounding grid infrastructure by 30% in certain time periods. Furthermore, the average energy exchange is reduced by 8%. Therefore, by relieving the grid infrastructure in the local surrounding, the additional potential of RES is enabled and curtailment of existing ones can be reduced.
Mineral and Phenolic Composition of Erodium guttatum Extracts and Investigation of Their Antioxidant Properties in Diabetic Mice

Erodium guttatum is widely used in folk medicine in many countries to treat various ailments such as urinary inflammation, diabetes, constipation, and eczema. The aim of this study is the determination of mineral and phenolic compounds of E. guttatum extracts as well as the investigation of their antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. The mineral composition was determined by the methods of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy analysis. Phytochemical contents of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and catechic tannins were estimated by colorimetric dosages. The phenolic composition was identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis. The antioxidant activity of E. guttatum extracts was measured in vitro by five methods (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, H2O2, and xanthine oxidase) and in vivo by assaying the malondialdehyde marker (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). The obtained results showed that the root plant material is rich in minerals such as k, Ca, and Mg. The methanolic extract of E. guttatum is the richest in polyphenols (389.20 ± 1.55 mg EAG/gE), tannins (289.70 ± 3.57 mg EC/gE), and flavonoids (432.5 ± 3.21 mg ER/gE). Concerning the ESI-HRMS analysis, it showed the presence of numerous bioactive compounds, including shikimic acid, rottlerine, gallic acid, and vanillic acid. Moreover, the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of E. guttatum exhibited antiradical and antioxidant activity in five tests used, with the best effect of the methanolic extract. Moreover, findings showed that in vivo investigations confirmed those obtained in vitro. On the other hand, E. guttatum showed important antidiabetic effects in vivo. Indeed, diabetic mice treated with extracts of E. guttatum were able to significantly reduce MDA levels and increase the secretion of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, and GSH, respectively). However, the antioxidant activity of the extracts might be attributed to the abundance of bioactive molecules; as results, this work serves as a foundation for additional pharmacological research.
Activating PPARβ/δ Protects against Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Astrocytic Apoptosis via UCP2-Dependent Mitophagy in Depressive Model

Abstracts As energy metabolism regulation factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) is thought to be a potential target for the treatment of depression. The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of activating PPARβ/δ, the most highly expressed subtype in the brain, in depressive in vivo and in vitro models. We observed that PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 significantly alleviated depressive behaviors in mice and promoted the formation of autophagosomes around the damaged mitochondria in hippocampal astrocytes. Our in vitro experiments showed that GW0742 could reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress, and thereby attenuate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis pathway via inhibiting IRE1α phosphorylation, subsequently protect against astrocytic apoptosis and loss. Furthermore, we found that PPARβ/δ agonist induces astrocytic mitophagy companied with the upregulated UCP2 expressions. Knocking down UCP2 in astrocytes could block the anti-apoptosis and pro-mitophagy effects of GW0742. In conclusion, our findings reveal PPARβ/δ activation protects against ER stress-induced astrocytic apoptosis via enhancing UCP2-mediated mitophagy, which contribute to the anti-depressive action. The present study provides a new insight for depression therapy.