Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying and alleviating bias due to differential depletion of susceptible people in post-marketing evaluations of COVID-19 vaccines

Recent studies have provided key information about SARS-CoV-2 vaccines' efficacy and effectiveness (VE). One important question that remains is whether the protection conferred by vaccines wanes over time. However, estimates over time are subject to bias from differential depletion of susceptibles between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Here we examine the extent to which biases occur under different scenarios and assess whether serologic testing has the potential to correct this bias. By identifying non-vaccine antibodies, these tests could identify individuals with prior infection. We find that the main determinant of bias is the proportion of the population that has been infected since vaccination began, which is influenced by several factors. In scenarios with high baseline VE, differential depletion of susceptibles creates minimal bias in VE estimates. However, if VE is lower, the bias for leaky vaccines (that reduce individual probability of infection given contact) is larger and should be corrected if the mechanism is known to be leaky. Conducting analyses both unadjusted and adjusted for past infection could give lower and upper bounds for the true VE. Studies of VE should therefore enroll individuals regardless of prior infection history but also collect information, ideally through serologic testing, on this critical variable.
HPLC determination of syringin and eleutheroside E in different parts of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr.et Maxim.) Harms

Objective:To establish HPLC method for the determination of eleutheroside B (syringin) and eleuther- oside E under the same condition.And to determine syringin and eleutheroside E from different parts of Acantho- panax senticosus.Method:Using Nueleosil C_(18) column (4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm) with acetonitrile(A) and water (B) as mobile phase and gradient elution (0-8 min:12%B;8-20 min:12%B→18%B;20-25 min:18%B; 25 min:12% B),passing through the column at a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min~(-1). UV-detection at the wavelength of 210 nm was used.Results:The content of syringin is the highest in the shoot and the lowest in the leaves;The con- tent of eleutheroside E is the highest in the root and the lowest in flowers.All the contents of eleutheroside E are lower than syringin but in leaves.Conclusions:The method is convenient and accurate.It is can be used in quality control of Acanthopanax senticosus.It provides a theoretical basis for exploiting this plant resource.
Crystal structures of N-parabromobenzoyl-α-aminoisobutyric acid and two derivatives

The crystal structures of N-para-bromobenzoyl-ot-aminoisobutyric acid (1), and its S(4H)-oxazolone (2) and methyl ester (3) derivatives have been determined by X-ray difTraction techniques. The Compounds possess the foUowing parameters: (1) monocUnic, space group P l i j a , a = 10.057(4), b = 12.733(4), c = 9.706(4) k, ß = 99.8(3)°, and Z = 4; (2) monocUnic, P2,/fl, a = 12.637(4), b = 7.818(3), c = 12.241(4) A, /? = 110.7(2)°, and Z = 4;(3)orthorhombicPca6,a = 17.615(5),Ä = 14.357(5), c = 10.251(4) Ä, Z = 8. The crystal structures were solved by direct methods. The least-squares refinements led Xo.R values of0.067,0.047 and 0.048 for 1205, 1510 and 734 reflections with / > 3 ff(I) for 1 3 , respectively. The conformation of Compounds (1) and (3) is remarkably simülar, with a trans amide bond and folding about the N—aC bond. The C = N bond of the oxazolone group of Compound (2) is not conjugated with the ester moiety.
Sorption of lead (II) and copper (II) ions from aqueous solution by acid modified and unmodified Gmelina Arborea (Verbenaceae) leaves

Gmelina arborea leaves of tropical origin were modified with citric acid as esterifying agent and was used to selectively removed Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution by batch adsorption method. The concentrations of the metal ions adsorbed were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopic (AAS) method. The citric acid had a strong significant effect on the removal of metal ions from solution because of an increase in the carboxyl groups introduced into the biosorbent. The amount of metal ions removed from solution was found to depend on the metal ion-substrate contact time, ion concentration and ion type. The results indicated that after 90 minutes contact time, the amount of adsorbed metal ion increased with increase in the initial metal ion concentration up to 20 mg/cm3. This also varied with the cellulosic materials in the order Pb(II)>Cu(II). The acid modified Gmelina arborea leaves adsorbed more metal ions than when unmodified. The equilibrium data fitted well to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The Gmelina arborea leaves were better adsorbents of Pb(II)ion than Cu(II) ion.
Rice Straw Cellulose Nanofibrils via Aqueous Counter Collision and Differential Centrifugation and Their Self-Assembled Structures

Rice straw cellulose was completely defibrillated via aqueous counter collision (ACC) at a low energy input of 15 kWh/kg, then fractionated by differential centrifugation into four increasing weight fractions of progressively thinner cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs): 6.9% in 80–200 nm, 14.4% in 20–80 nm, 20.3% in 5–20 nm, and 58.4% in less than 5 nm thickness. The 93.1% less than 80 nm or 78.7% less than 20 nm thick CNFs yields were more than double those from wood pulp by other mechanical means but at a lower energy input. The smallest (3.7 nm thick and 5.5 nm wide) CNFs were only a third or less in lateral dimensions than those obatined through ACC processed from wood pulp, bamboo, and microbial cellulose pellicle. The less than 20 nm thick CNFs could self-assemble into continuous submicron (136 nm) wide fibers by freezing and freeze-drying or semitransparent (13–42% optical transmittance) film by ultrafiltration and air-drying with excellent mechanical properties (164 MPa tensile strength, 4 GPa Young’s mo.
OP-BRCM190009 1..17

Dementia is a common and devastating symptom of Parkinson’s disease but the anatomical substrate remains unclear. Some evidence points towards hippocampal involvement but neuroimaging abnormalities have been reported throughout the brain and are largely inconsistent across studies. Here, we test whether these disparate neuroimaging findings for Parkinson’s disease dementia localize to a common brain network. We used a literature search to identify studies reporting neuroimaging correlates of Parkinson’s dementia (11 studies, 385 patients). We restricted our search to studies of brain atrophy and hypometabolism that compared Parkinson’s patients with dementia to those without cognitive involvement. We used a standard coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis to assess for consistency in the neuroimaging findings. We then used a new approach, coordinatebased network mapping, to test whether neuroimaging findings localized to a common brain network. This approach uses restingstate functional connectivity from a large cohort of normative subjects (n1⁄4 1000) to identify the network of regions connected to a reported neuroimaging coordinate. Activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis failed to identify any brain regions consistently associated with Parkinson’s dementia, showing major heterogeneity across studies. In contrast, coordinate-based network mapping found that these heterogeneous neuroimaging findings localized to a specific brain network centred on the hippocampus. Next, we tested whether this network showed symptom specificity and stage specificity by performing two further analyses. We tested symptom specificity by examining studies of Parkinson’s hallucinations (9 studies, 402 patients) that are frequently co-morbid with Parkinson’s dementia. We tested for stage specificity by using studies of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (15 studies, 844 patients). Coordinate-based network mapping revealed that correlates of visual hallucinations fell within a network centred on bilateral lateral geniculate nucleus and correlates of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease fell within a network centred on posterior default mode network. In both cases, the identified networks were distinct from the hippocampal network of Parkinson’s dementia. Our results link heterogeneous neuroimaging findings in Parkinson’s dementia to a common network centred on the hippocampus. This finding was symptom and stage-specific, with implications for understanding Parkinson’s dementia and heterogeneity of neuroimaging findings in general.
Modeling Solution Growth of Inorganic Crystals

Author(s): Dandekar, Preshit | Advisor(s): Doherty, Michael F | Abstract: Crystallization of inorganic solids from solution is of interest in several areas such as biomineralization, carbon sequestration, catalysis, photovoltaics, etc. The end-use functionality in some of the industrial applications is determined by the growth morphology of the inorganic crystals. A mechanistic understanding of the growth process will enable the design of functionally desirable inorganic crystalline solids.The kinetics of crystal growth is governed primarily by the intermolecular interactions between the growth units on crystal surfaces and across the solid-solution interface. Therefore, this modeling effort is focused on the solid-state as well as the solution phase chemistry. The challenges associated with the solid-state chemistry of inorganic crystals, including long-range electrostatic interactions, stoichiometry, electronic structure of surface growth units, etc., were resolved within an easy-to-implement framework. The importance of the solution structure information (from experiments or molecular simulations) has been highlighted appropriately.This dissertation presents a spiral growth model that predicts the morphology of solution grown crystals (e.g., CaCO3) at ambient conditions. The model also provides quantitative insights into the kinetics of hydrothermal synthesis of inorganic oxides, such as TiO2 and ZnO, using the periodic bond chain (PBC) theory.This mechanistic model could be extended to identify suitable growth modifiers for a wide range of inorganic crystals such as salts and oxides. The ultimate goal is to develop a predictive tool that helps engineer the synthesis of inorganic solids with desired functionality.
Technical Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity

There are several in vitro methods for evaluating antioxidant activity. This review article gives information regarding different methods that are used to measure the antioxidant defense system In addition; the advantages and shortcomings, as well as the specific cases of their application also are demonstrated. The chemical principles of methods based on biological oxidants comprise superoxide radicals scavenging (O2 ·-); hydroxyl radical scavenging (HO.); hydrogen peroxide scavenging (H2O2); peroxyl radical scavenging (ROO.) and nitric oxide scavenging (NO.). Among the non-biological testing can highlight scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH• assay) and scavenging of 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical cation (ABTS assay). Furthermore, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl assays also have been described. This article will be a comprehensive ready reference for those who are interested on antioxidant study.
Development of a robust dried blood spot method for the evaluation of N-3 fatty acid status of individuals.

6 DECLARATION 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 10 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 12 CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 13 1.1 Scope of the Review 13 1.2 Fatty acids and their source 14 1.3 Health Benefits of N-3 LCPUFA 16 1.3. 1 Dietary n-3 LCPUFA and the risk of cardiovascular disease 16 1.3. 2 Dietary n-3 LCPUFA and rheumatoid arthritis 18 1.3. 3 Dietary n-3 LCPUFA and pregnancy outcomes 19 1.3. 4 Dietary n-3 LCPUFA and neurodevelopment 19 1.4 Monitoring N-3 LCPUFA status 24 1.4. 1 N-3 LCPUFA status and the risk of Cardiovascular disease 24 1.4. 2 N-3 LCPUFA status and Inflammatory diseases 25 1.4. 3 N-3 LCPUFA status in Mental health 27 1.5 Conventional Measurements of Fatty Acid Status 28 1.5. 1 Adipose tissue 28 1.5. 2 The Cheek cells 29 1.5. 3 Plasma 30 1.5. 4 Red blood cell 32 1.5. 5 Whole blood 33 1.5. 6 Small blood volume 34 1.6 Dried blood spot (DBS) technique 35 1.6. 1 DBS technique in newborn screening 36 1.6. 2 DBS technique in epidemiological studies 37 1.6. 3 DBS technique in Therapeutic drug monitoring 38 1.6. 4 Stability of biomarkers on DBS 39 1.7 Application of DBS technique to measure fatty acid status 40
The pesticide detox: towards a more sustainable agriculture.

s of the Entomological Society of America Conference, Florida Champion G. T. , May M. J., Bennett S. , Brooks D. R. , Clark S. J., Daniels R. E. , Firbank L. G. , Haughton A. J., Hawes C. , Heard M. S. , Perry J. N. , Randle Z. , Rossall M. J., Rothery P., Skellern M. P., Scott R. J., Squire G. R. and Thomas M. R. 2003. Crop management and agronomic context of the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicidetolerant crops. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 358, 1801–1818 Chancellor T. C. B. , Tiongco E. R. , Holt J.,Villareal S. and Teng P. S. 1999. The influence of varietal resistance and synchrony on tungro incidence in irrigated rice ecosystem in the Philippines. In: Chancellor T. C. B. , Azzam O. and Heong K. L. (eds) Rice Tungro Disease Management. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Tungro Disease Management, 9–11 November 1998, IRRI, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. Makati City (Philippines): International Rice Research Institute, pp121–127 Chandler J. 2003. Pheromones fall foul of EU pesticide directives. Pesticides News 59, 10 Chaney W. 1998. Biological control of aphids in lettuce using in-field insectaries, In: Bugg R. L. and Pickett C. H. (eds) Enhancing Biological Control: Habitat Management to Promote Natural Enemies of Agricultural Pests. The Regents of the University of California, Berkeley, CA. pp73–83 Chikoye D. , Ekeleme F. and Ambe J. T. 1999. Survey of distribution and farmers’ perceptions of speargreass [Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel] in cassava-based systems in West Africa. International Journal of Pest Management 45 (4), 305–311 Cimatu F. 1997. War on pesticide adverts. Pesticides News 38, 21 CIMMYT. 2001. 1999/2000. World maize facts and trends: Meeting world maize needs: Technological opportunities and priorities for the public sector. Centro Internaciaonal the Mais y Trigo, Mexico CIP-UPWARD. 2003. Farmer Field Schools. From IPM to Platforms for Learning and Empowerment. Report of an International Workshop. International Potato Centre-Users’ Perspectives with Agricultural Research and Development, Los Banos, Philippines, 83pp Claridge M. F. , Den Hollander J., and Morgan J. C. 1982. Variation within and between populations of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal). In: Knight W. J., Pant N. C. , Robertson T. S. and Wilson M. R. (eds) 1st International Workshop on Leafhoppers and Planthoppers of Economic Importance, Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, pp36–318 Clark W. S. 2000. Problems of communication and technology transfer in crop protection: a practitioner’s perspective. In: The BCPC Conference Pests & Diseases 2000, British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, UK, pp1185–1192 Clarke E. E. , Levy L. S. , Surgeon A. and Calvert I. A. 1997. The problems associated with pesticide use by irrigation workers in Ghana. Occupational Medicine (London) 47 (5), 301–308 Clunies-Ross, T. and Hildyard, N. 1992. The Politics of Industrial Agriculture. Earthscan,
Characteristics of Low Molecular Weight Alginate Film Prepared with ${\gamma}$-irradiation

To modify the physical properties of alginate film, the gamma ray irradiation was performed, and alginate film properties such as elongation strength (ES), elongation rate (ER), water vapor permeability(WVP), and water solubility (WS) were measured. The film made from 1.75% alginate solution (w/w) with the addition of 2% CaCl solution suggested a good application for a film preparation in that elongation strength(ES) increased 5 fold by CaCl treatment and water vapor permeability was decreased by 1722%. A solid form of alginates were irradiated with Co gamma rays in the dose range of 2 to 10 kGy to make a low molecular weight alginate film, and then the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight of alginates were measured. Increasing the dose range of 2 to 10 kGy produced lower intrinsic viscosity and lower molecular weight, causing the decrease in the ES and WS. However, ER increased four times compared to that of without gamma ray dose, which is an indication of the different properties of algiante film. WVP of the films did not show any significant change at different doses.
Danofloksasinin Etlik Piliçlerde Baz› Biyokimyasal Parametreler ve Karacier Üzerine Etkisi

In this study, a total of 160 one day old broiler chicks were devided into two groups consisting of 60 chicks in control group and 100 chicks in treatment group. The birds in treatment group received 50 ppm, 25 ppm, 37.5 ppm and 50 ppm danofloxacin via drinking water between the days during 0-7, 8-21, 22-35 and 36-42 respectively. Live weight, liver weight, serum total protein, albumin, globulin, copper, zinc and magnesium levels as well as γ-GT, GOT and GPT activities of 15 birds from control group and 25 birds from treatment group were determined on days 15, 21, 35 and 42. Histological examinations were carried out on liver samples. The live weight of birds in treatment group was slightly higher than controls troughout the experiment, but only the difference on day 35 was found statistically important. In histological examinations, lipid infiltration in liver cell was determined on days 15 and 21 in both groups. Although, the lipid infiltration decreased in control group on days 35 and 42, it countinued in treatment group. Compare to control group, there were no statistically significant differences in liver weight, serum total protein, albumin and magnesium levels in treatment group. The globulin level on day 35, the activities of γ-GT on days 21 and 42, GOT on day 42 decreased but the activity of GPT on day 42 and the levels of zinc on day 15 increased and copper on day 21 increased and decreased on day 35.
Bacteriocin Produced from Lactobacillus plantarum ATM11: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

Abstract In the present study, the effect of heat treatment on the activity of bacteriocin from Lactobacillus plantarum ATM11 was studied. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated for the thermal inactivation of the bacteriocin over a time–temperature combinations in the range of 30, 45, 60 and 90 min and 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80 °C. Understanding the thermal inactivation of biopreservatives in a food matrix is essential to allow their proper utilization in food industry, enabling the reduction of heating times and optimization of heating temperature. The results indicate the different thermal stabilities with k-values between 0.0159 and 0.0225 min−1. D-values decreased with increase in temperature, indicating faster inactivation of the bacteriocin at higher temperatures. These results suggest that bacteriocin is relatively heat stable with a z-value of 22.85 °C.
Histone modifications and cellular plasticity in vertebrate Limb regeneration

Regeneration von Geweben im Allgemeinen und von Gliedmasen im Speziellen sind sehr selten unter Vertebraten. Eine Ausnahme bildet der amphibische Schwanzlurch Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens, welcher ein aussergewohnliches regeneratives Potenzial im adulten Stadium besitzt. Nach Amputation einer Gliedmase, unabhangig von ihrer Lokalisation entlang der proximodistalen Achse, wird das entfernte Gewebe wieder aufgebaut. Dieser Prozess beginnt mit einer lokalen Anhaufung von Mesenchym-ahnlichen Zellen, welche als Blastema bezeichnet werden. Diese Zellen zeigen Stammzellen-ahnliche Eigenschaften und ersetzen das verlorene Gewebe. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es den Ursprung dieser blastemalen Zellen zu definieren. Die meisten Studien uber blastemale Vorlaufer benutzen Muskelzellen. Diese synzytialen Zellen, vor allem jene nahe der Amputationsstelle, werden mononuklear und beginnen zu proliferieren, ein Ereignis, welches als Dedifferenzierung bezeichnet wird. Bis heute sind die grundlegenden Mechanismen der Dedifferenzierung nicht ganzlich verstanden. In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir die Beteiligung von Histonmodifizierungen und ihrer katalytischen Enzyme an der Dedifferenzierung. Histon Methylierungen wurden an fruh sich regenerierenden Gliedmasengeweben untersucht, um Muster zu finden, welche die Dedifferenzierung charakterisieren. Das Hauptaugenmerk lag auf Histon H3 Lysin 9 Methylierung, weil diese Modifikation generell mit inaktiven und daher transkriptionell ruhigem Chromatin einhergeht. Durch Vergleich verschiedener fruher Zeitpunkte der Gliedmasenregeneration wollten wir untersuchen ob signifikante Unterschiede in Bezug auf Demethylierung dieser Markierung entstehen. Unsere Daten geben Hinweis darauf, dass innerhalb der ersten 10 Tage der Gliedmasenregeneration ein signifikanter Verlust von Histon H3 Lysin 9 Methylierung auftritt. In einem zweiten Ansatz benutzten wir den Inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) um die Beteiligung von Histon-Deacetylasen wahrend der Dedifferenzierung zu untersuchen. In vitro kultivierte Molch und Saugetier Muskelzellen wurden unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen von und Inkubationszeiten mit TSA ausgesetzt. Die Resultate deuten darauf hin, dass TSA eine Veranderung induziert, welche die Muskelzellen zur Fragmentierung anregt. Jedoch waren ihre Spaltprodukte weder mononuclear noch konnte ein Wiedereintritt in den Zellzyklus beobachtet werden.
Cumulative exposure and dietary risk assessment of phthalates in bottled water and bovine milk samples: A preliminary case study in Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT Exposure to phthalates may cause adverse health effects in wildlife and humans. Study on phthalates exposure and risk is limited in the Indian context. Therefore, this preliminary investigation was performed to ascertain the phthalates exposure through bottled water and milk among the Indian sub-population. Phthalates were extracted from water and milk by solid-phase and ultrasonication methods, respectively, and analysis was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Total phthalates in bottled water and milk were in the range of 39–7820 ng/L and 56–686 ng/g, respectively, with the highest contribution from diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). A substantial increase in phthalates concentration in bottled water was observed with increased shelf life. Total mean phthalates in packed milk (245 ng/g) and raw milk (134 ng/g) shows potential enrichment during “farm to table” process. Among phthalates, the lowest risk was expected from diethyl phthalate, whereas the highest risk was observed for DEHP with cumulative dietary exposure of 0.23 μg/kg bw/day (median). The human health risk based on tolerable daily intake and reference dose was found safe. This is the first study reporting phthalates migration in packed commodities from a developing country, India, which further warrants extensive phthalates exposure assessment to understand its effect on public health.