Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategic Sophistication of Individuals and Teams in Experimental Normal-Form Games

We present an experiment on strategic thinking and behavior of individuals and teams in one-shot normal-form games. Besides making choices, decision makers have to state their first- and second-order beliefs. We find that teams play the Nash strategy significantly more often, and their choices are more often consistent by being a best reply to first order beliefs. We identify the complexity of a game and the payoffs in equilibrium as determining the likelihood of consistent behavior according to textbook rationality. Using a mixture model, the estimated probability to play strategically is 62% for teams, but only 40% for individuals.
Scintillating fibre detector for the Mu3e experiment

Mu3e is a dedicated experiment to search for the rare lepton flavour violating decay μ+ → e+e−e+. Its ultimate goal is to find or exclude this process with a sensitivity of one in 1016 muon decays. This constitutes four orders of magnitude improvement with respect to the current state-of-the art. A thin multi-layer scintillating fibre detector consisting of 250μm fibres read out on both sides with silicon photomultiplier arrays provides an excellent time measurement with σ<500ps in order to reject combinatorial background at a muon stopping rate around 108 muon/s, concurrently minimizing the material budget to X/X0<0.3%. The design, performance and readout concept, including the dedicated readout chip MuTRiG, is presented.
FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History

The forces driving U.S. prison growth are poorly understood. This article examines one factor that has received insufﬁcient attention: changes in time served. It demonstrates that time served has not risen dramatically in recent years, even declining in some juris-dictions. It also shows that time served is fairly short: median release times are approximately one to two years. Thus, admissions practices, not longer sentences, appear to drive prison growth. This article also examines whether time served varies across different types of inmates. Young, Hispanic, and violent offenders appear to serve longer sentences; race and sex appear to be of minor importance. ( JEL K14, K42) Thanks to Bernard Black, Shawn Bushway, Jeffrey Fagan, Sam Gross, Katherine Lit-vak, Anup Malani, Tom Miles, J.J. Prescott, Dan Richman, Margo Schlanger, two anon-ymous referees, and workshop participants at the 2008 Conference on Empirical Legal Studies, Fordham Law School, the University of Michigan Law School, and the University of Texas Law School for helpful comments. Thanks also to Christopher Pece of the U.S. Census Bureau for providing me with access to the Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances, and to Damien Lyons and Christina Schweikert of Fordham (cid:1) s Computer Science Department for access to a sufﬁciently powerful computer. Anne Boustead, Ryan Kaupelis, Sean Koehler, and Satinder Singh provided valuable research assistance. All remaining errors are my own.
On the Inverse Problem in Differential Galois Theory

Differential Galois theory generalizes the usual Galois theory for polynomials to differential equations. There is the notion of a splitting field (Picard-Vessiot extension) of a differential equation, and the differential Galois group is the group of automorphisms of this extension which fix the base field and commute with the derivation. Differential Galois groups are linear algebraic groups over the field of constants of the base field. In analogy to the classical situation, one considers the inverse problem: Which linear algebraic groups occur as differential Galois groups over a given differential field? The main result of this thesis is the following theorem: Every linear algebraic group defined over the algebraically closed field K occurs as the differential Galois group of some Picard-Vessiot extension of K(t) with derivation d/dt.
Indium coverage of the Si(111)- 7×3 -in surface

The indium coverage of the Si(111)-√7 × √3-In surface is investigated by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles density functional theory calculations. Both experimental and theoretical results indicate that the In coverage is a double layer rather than a single layer. Moreover, the atomic structure of the Si(111)-√7 × √3-In surface is discussed by comparing experimental with simulated scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images and scanning tunneling spectra with the calculated density of states. Our structural assignment agrees with previous studies, except for the interpretation of experimental STM images.
Acidosis, non-invasive ventilation and mortality in hospitalised COPD exacerbations

Background Reports of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) use in clinical practice reveal higher mortality rates than in corresponding randomised clinical trials. Aim To explore factors related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) admissions and NIV use that may explain some of the previously reported high mortality rates. Methods National UK audit of clinical care of consecutive COPD admissions from March to May 2008. Retrospective case note audit with prospective case ascertainment. Participating units completed a web-based audit proforma of process and outcomes of clinical care. Results 232 hospital units collected data on 9716 patients, mean age 73, 50% male. 1678 (20%) of those with gases recorded on admission were acidotic and another 6% became acidotic later. 1077 patients received NIV, 55% had a pH<7.26 and 49% (305/618) had or were still receiving high flow oxygen. 30% (136/ 453) patients with persisting respiratory acidosis did not receive NIV while 11% (15/131) of acidotic admissions had a pure metabolic acidosis and did. Hospital mortality was 25% (270/1077) for patients receiving NIV but 39% (86/219) for those with late onset acidosis and was higher in all acidotic groups receiving NIV than those treated without. Only 4% of patients receiving NIV who died had invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusions COPD admissions treated with NIV in usual clinical practice were severely ill, many with mixed metabolic acidosis. Some eligible patients failed to receive NIV, others received it inappropriately. NIV appears to be often used as a ceiling of treatment including patient groups in whom efficacy of NIV is uncertain. The audit raises concerns that challenge the respiratory community to lead appropriate clinical improvements across the acute sector.
q-FREQUENT HYPERCYCLICITY IN AN ALGEBRA OF OPERATORS

Abstract. We study a notion of q-frequent hypercyclicity of linear maps between the Banach algebras consisting of operators on a separable infinite dimensional Banach space. We derive a sufficient condition for a linear map to be q-frequently hypercyclic in the strong operator topology. Some properties are investigated regarding q-frequently hypercyclic subspaces as shown in [5], [6] and [7]. Finally, we study q-frequent hypercyclicity of tensor products and direct sums of operators.
ADAPTIVE KERNEL ESTIMATION OF THE L

This paper is concerned with adaptive kernel estimation of the Levy density n(x) for pure jump Levy processes. The sample path is observed at n discrete instants in the "high frequency" context (� = �n tends to zero while nn tends to 1). We construct a collection of kernel estimators of the function g(x) = xn(x) and propose two methods of local adaptive selection of the bandwidth. The quadratic pointwise risk of the adaptive estimators is studied in both cases. The rate of convergence is proved to be optimal up to a logarithmic factor. We give examples and simulation results for processes fitting in our framework.
Desempenho do modelo swat para diferentes critérios de geração de unidades de resposta hidrológica

A subjetividade no uso do modelo SWAT, no que diz respeito a escolha de criterios para discretizacao espacial da area de estudo em sub-bacias e para geracao das unidades de resposta hidrologica (URHs) foi a questao que motivou a elaboracao deste artigo. Foram comparados os resultados obtidos (vazoes mensais) com o modelo hidrologico SWAT na simulacao mensal de uma bacia hidrografica com 2030 Km 2 de area de drenagem (rio Grande, MG), adotando diferentes criterios de geracao de URHs e de discretizacao em sub-bacias. Foi observado que a configuracao do modelo SWAT com um maior numero de sub-bacias e a adocao de URHs multiplas apresentou melhores resultados, na calibracao e validacao, no passo de tempo mensal, do que o cenario com menor detalhamento da rede de drenagem e apenas uma URH por sub-bacia. Observou-se tambem que uma maior discretizacao da bacia do rio Grande em termos de sub-bacias e de URHs propiciou melhor qualidade estatistica na simulacao de vazoes medias. Dentre os tres criterios de geracao de URHs analisados, houveram poucas diferencas entre os resultados dos metodos que geram uma unica URH por sub-bacia (URH Predominante e Classes Predominantes). Entretanto, observou-se uma melhoria significativa no desempenho do modelo, expresso nas estatisticas de precisao NS (coeficiente de Nash-Sutcliffe) e PBIAS (tendencia), ao se considerar o metodo que gera mais de uma URH por sub-bacia (URHs Multiplas), possibilitando concluir que o maior grau de discretizacao espacial proporcionou melhores resultados na simulacao hidrologica.
The Pursuit of Excellence: Education and the Future of America; Panel on Education.

In our day of burgeoning committees, of scientific teamwork with crews of technicians and representatives of many disciplines assailing the unknown, where togetherness thrives and a sharp sensitivity to the impression one is making on others leads to "other directedness," the plight and posture of education have been assailed on all sides. Now, in the third year of the age of sputnik we have seen diagnosticians of all varieties prying into the educational pie. Many prescriptions have been concocted in a curious polypharmacy for the restitution or salvation of our schools and colleges. Many of the experts dealing with these problems have no more justification for posing as experts than we find in the classic definition of a consultant as someone who comes from a distant city. I submit that the pursuit of excellence is a question of morals and that perhaps excellence is something more than is stated in
Density Functional Theory-Based First Principles Calculations of Rhododendrol-Quinone Reactions: Preference to Thiol Binding over Cyclization

Using density functional theory-based first principles calculations, we investigated the changes in the energetics and electronic structures of rhododendrol (RD)-quinone for the initial step of two important reactions, viz., cyclization and thiol binding, to give significant insights into the mechanism of the cause of cytotoxic effects. We found that RD-quinone in the electroneutral structure cannot undergo cyclization, indicating a slow cyclization of RD-quinone at neutral pH. Furthermore, using methane thiolate ion as a model thiol, we found that the oxidized form of the cyclized RD-quinone, namely RD-cyclic quinone, exhibited a reduced binding energy for thiols. However, this reduction of binding energy is clearly smaller than the case of dopaquinone, which is a molecule originally involved in the melanin synthesis. This study clearly shows that RD-quinone has a preference toward thiol bindings than cyclization compared to the case of dopaquinone. Considering that thiol bindings have been reported to i.
Psychological and Physical Health of Mostly Heterosexuals: A Systematic Review

We reviewed whether mostly heterosexuals, a sexual orientation group characterized by a small amount of same-sex sexuality, differ from heterosexuals and bisexuals on a variety of mental and physical health outcomes (e.g., internalizing problems, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating, obesity, sexual/reproductive health, physical health), health risk behaviors (e.g., substance use, sexual risk taking), and risk and protective factors (e.g., victimization, stressful/risky environment, socioeconomic status, personal and social relationships, gender nonconformity). A narrative and quantitative literature review was conducted of 60 papers covering 22 samples from five Western countries. Individual, mean, and median effect sizes (Cohen ds) were calculated whenever possible. Mostly heterosexuals reported higher levels of risk in most reviewed outcomes compared to heterosexuals (unweighted mean effect sizes ranged from 0.20 to 0.50) but typically somewhat lower than bisexuals (unweighted mean effect sizes ranged from −0.10 to −0.30). Various risk factors frequently reduced, but rarely eliminated, health disparities between mostly heterosexuals and heterosexuals. Findings are discussed through the lens of three potential explanations of elevated health risks among nonheterosexuals: minority stress, nonheterosexual lifestyles, and common causes. Because data on many outcomes were scarce or missing, particularly for men and in comparison with bisexuals, further research is needed.
Adolescent Sexual Development: An Overview of Recent Research

An overview of recent research describing adolescent sexual development is presented, including research examining puberty, sexual attitudes and behaviours, and LGBTQ youth and stigma. This overview is placed within the context of the healthy sexual development framework and the four domains of development (physical, social, cognitive, and emotional) incorporated in the Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth Services’ youth policy framework. Finally, recommendations are made for future community mental health research and policy.
A constitutive model for entangled polydisperse linear flexible polymers with entanglement dynamics and a configuration dependent friction coefficient. Part I: Model derivation

A new polydisperse “toy” constitutive model is derived and developed from fundamental principles and ideas governing the nonlinear rheology of linear flexible polymers [Mead et al., J. Rheol. 59, 335–363 (2015)]. Specifically, the new model is comprised of four fundamental pieces. First, the model contains a simple differential description of the entanglement dynamics of discrete entanglement pairs. Second, the model contains a differential description of the ij entanglement pair orientation tensor dynamics. Third, following a similar development by Mead and Mishler [J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 197, 61–79 and 80–90 (2013). ], a diluted stretch tube is constructed to describe the relative stretch of each component in the molecular weight distribution (MWD). Fourth, a description of configuration dependent friction coefficients is generated by generalizing the monodisperse formulation of Ianniruberto et al. [Macromolecules 45, 8058–8066 (2012)]. The polydisperse stress calculator is developed from the orientation, stretch and entanglement density and is fundamentally different from other molecular models that assume a constant entanglement density. The resulting model is comprised of three differential evolution equations and is simple to code and fast to execute. The model can simulate arbitrary fast nonlinear flows of arbitrary MWD's. In the slow flow linear viscoelastic limit, the model collapses to the double reptation model. This welcome result has positive implications with respect to our model parameter determination [Ye et al., J. Rheol. 47, 443–468 (2003); Ye and Sridhar, Macromolecules 38, 3442–3449 (2005)] for making quantitative calculations.A new polydisperse “toy” constitutive model is derived and developed from fundamental principles and ideas governing the nonlinear rheology of linear flexible polymers [Mead et al., J. Rheol. 59, 335–363 (2015)]. Specifically, the new model is comprised of four fundamental pieces. First, the model contains a simple differential description of the entanglement dynamics of discrete entanglement pairs. Second, the model contains a differential description of the ij entanglement pair orientation tensor dynamics. Third, following a similar development by Mead and Mishler [J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 197, 61–79 and 80–90 (2013). ], a diluted stretch tube is constructed to describe the relative stretch of each component in the molecular weight distribution (MWD). Fourth, a description of configuration dependent friction coefficients is generated by generalizing the monodisperse formulation of Ianniruberto et al. [Macromolecules 45, 8058–8066 (2012)]. The polydisperse stress calculator is developed from the orien.
Chloroform associated with bone mineral density and bone mineral content in adults: A population-based cross-sectional research

Background: According to a recent cross-sectional study, reduced Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in U.S. adults is associated with co-exposure to several Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and contact with VOCs increases the risk of developing osteoporosis. However, the relationship between chloroform (an essential VOC component) and BMD remains unclear. Consequently, we aimed to explore the relationship between chloroform alone and Bone Mineral Density or Bone Mineral Content (BMD or BMC). Methods: Herein, 2,553 individuals aged 18 and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) in 2009-2010, 2013-2014, and 2017-2020, were included. We employed two independent t-tests and multi-linear regression models to statistically assess the relationship between chloroform exposure and BMD/BMC in the spine and femoral area. Results: A "V"-shaped correlation between chloroform exposure and BMD/BMC was observed in the unadjusted model, particularly in the Wards triangle and femoral neck as a whole. A negative correlation was specifically observed for the Wards triangle BMD/BMC and L4 BMD/BMC. On the other hand, in the adjusted model, a dominantly negative correlation between the L4 BMC and chloroform exposure was observed over a range of exposure levels. The subgroup analysis revealed a negative correlation between chloroform concentrations and BMC in the femur and spine, especially in women and the 65-80 age population. Conclusion: Our study revealed a "V" shaped correlation between chloroform and BMD/BMC of the femur and spine in U.S. adults. This finding highlights the fact that prolonged exposure to chloroform may increase the risk of developing osteoporosis.
Weighted composite quantile regression method via empirical likelihood for non linear models

ABSTRACT In this paper, we investigate empirical likelihood (EL) inferences via weighted composite quantile regression for non linear models. Under regularity conditions, we establish that the proposed empirical log-likelihood ratio is asymptotically chi-squared, and then the confidence intervals for the regression coefficients are constructed. The proposed method avoids estimating the unknown error density function involved in the asymptotic covariance matrix of the estimators. Simulations suggest that the proposed EL procedure is more efficient and robust, and a real data analysis is used to illustrate the performance.
SEARCH FOR NEW PHYSICS IN THE DIPHOTON CHANNEL AT THE ATLAS EXPERIMENT AT THE LHC

supervisor: L. Carminati, M. Delmastro (LAPP) ; coordinatore: F. Ragusa ; Referees: Guillaume Unal (CERN), Mauro Donega (ETH Zurich). Commitee: Karl JAKOBS (Physikalisches Institut Freiburg), Marumi KADO (LAL, Orsay), Tommaso TABARELLI (Universita’ Milano Bicocca)
On the numerical simulation of advection dominated accretion flows

In accreting systems of low accretion rate (< 1% Eddington rate) the accretion is dominated by advection rather than by radiation or thermal convection. This type of accretion flow is assumed to cause the observational signatures of quiescent galaxies, X-ray binaries in the low-hard state and other compact objects. The motor that maintains the transport of angular momentum and accretion is the magnetorotational instability fed by the shearing of the magnetic field in the differential rotation of the disc. Direct observation of these objects is difficult due to their small size and because they are often hidden behind accreting matter. Therefore simulating the equations of ideal magnetohydrodynamics is necessary to investigate the structure and dynamics of these accretion ﬂows. We carried out direct numerical simulations of an accreting torus around a black hole. By performing tests varying the initial magnetisation, the size and position of the torus and the geometry of the magnetic field, we found the crucial parameters that determine accretion and ejection. The results show that the initial geometry of the magnetic field is of almost no relevance for the long term behaviour. However, if the magnetic field strength is to small, no fast outflow arises. Also the presence of radiative cooling will inhibit powerful ejections. Moreover we report retrograde rotation of the jet with respect to the disc rotation.
The Response of an Idealized Atmosphere to Localized Tropical Heating: Superrotation and the Breakdown of Linear Theory

AbstractAn equatorial heat source mimicking the strong diabatic heating above the west Pacific is added to an idealized, dry general circulation model. For small (<0.5 K day−1) heating rates the responses closely match the expectations from linear Matsuno–Gill theory, though the amplitudes of the responses increase sublinearly. This “linear” regime breaks down for larger heating rates and it is found that this is because the stability of the tropical atmosphere increases. At the same time, the equatorial winds increasingly superrotate. This superrotation is driven by stationary eddy momentum fluxes by the waves excited by the heating and is damped by the vertical advection of low-momentum air by the mean flow and, at large heating rates, by the divergence of momentum by transient eddies.These dynamics are explored in additional experiments in which the equator-to-pole temperature gradient is varied. Very strong superrotation is produced when a large heating rate is applied to a setup with a relatively wea.
Improvement of kurtosis-guided-grams via Gini index for bearing fault feature identification

A group of kurtosis-guided-grams, such as Kurtogram, Protrugram and SKRgram, is designed to detect the resonance band excited by faults based on the sparsity index. However, a common issue associated with these methods is that they tend to choose the frequency band with individual impulses rather than the desired fault impulses. This may be attributed to the selection of the sparsity index, kurtosis, which is vulnerable to impulsive noise. In this paper, to solve the problem, a sparsity index, called the Gini index, is introduced as an alternative estimator for the selection of the resonance band. It has been found that the sparsity index is still able to provide guidelines for the selection of the fault band without prior information of the fault period. More importantly, the Gini index has unique performance in random-impulse resistance, which renders the improved methods using the index free from the random impulse caused by external knocks on the bearing housing, or electromagnetic interference. By virtue of these advantages, the improved methods using the Gini index not only overcome the shortcomings but are more effective under harsh working conditions, even in the complex structure. Finally, the comparison between the kurtosis-guided-grams and the improved methods using the Gini index is made using the simulated and experimental data. The results verify the effectiveness of the improvement by both the fixed-axis bearing and planetary bearing fault signals.