Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of shipborne and airborne electromagnetic methods for Antarctic sea ice thickness measurements

The three-dimensional modelling program MARCO_AIR has been used to calculate the response of idealised pressure ridges to practical airborne and shipborne electromagnetic systems. The model results clearly show the superior resolution of the horizontal coplanar ship-borne system compared to airborne measurements. However, sea ice keel thicknesses estimated via inversion of ship-borne single-frequency electromagnetic data are strongly dependent on relatively small variations in survey altitude. Inversion of helicopter electromagnetic data over 3D pressure ridge models shows that the maximum keel thickness is consistently underestimated, although airborne EM methods yield reliable thickness estimates over level ice. The vertical coaxial coil survey geometry offers excellent lateral resolution of multiple targets, but the anomalies of typical Antarctic sea ice pressure ridges would be too small to detect in practical surveys using a close-coupled (2 - 3 m) geometry. For a system with a coil separation of 8 m, the vertical coaxial responses are larger, and lateral resolution of the measurements at a flight height of 20 m is superior to a close-coupled system flown at an altitude of 10 m.
Transpression in an Archean greenstone belt, northern Minnesota

Weakly metamorphosed Archean sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Vermilion district, northern Minnesota, occupy an east–west-trending belt between gneisses of the Vermilion granitic complex to the north and the Giants Range batholith to the south. All the measured strain, a foliation, and a mineral lineation in this belt are attributed to the "main" phase of deformation (D2). Foliation strikes parallel to the belt and dips steeply, and the mineral lineation plunges moderately to steeply east or west and is parallel to the maximum stretching direction, X, and subparallel to fold hinges. An earlier, possibly nappe-forming, event (D1) left little evidence of fabric in the Vermilion district.A number of features indicate that the D2 deformation involved a significant component of dextral strike-slip shear in addition to north–south compression. They include ductile shear zones with sigmoidal foliation patterns, shear bands, asymmetric pressure shadows, and the fact that the asymmetry of the F2 folds is pred.
Predicting Continental Scale Malaria With Land Surface Water Predictors Based on Malaria Dispersal Mechanisms and High‐Resolution Earth Observation Data

Despite malaria prevalence being linked to surface water through vector breeding, spatial malaria predictors representing surface water often predict malaria poorly. Furthermore, precipitation, which precursors surface water, often performs better. Our goal is to determine whether novel surface water exposure indices that take malaria dispersal mechanisms into account, derived from new high‐resolution surface water data, can be stronger predictors of malaria prevalence compared to precipitation. One hundred eighty candidate predictors were created by combining three surface water malaria exposures from high‐accuracy and resolution (5 m resolution, overall accuracy 96%, Kappa Coefficient 0.89, Commission and Omission error 3% and 13%, respectively) water maps of East Africa. Through variable contribution analysis a subset of strong predictors was selected and used as input for Boosted Regression Tree models. We benchmarked the performance and Relative Contribution of this set of novel predictors to models using precipitation instead of surface water predictors, alternative lower resolution predictors, and simpler surface water predictors used in previous studies. The predictive performance of the novel indices rivaled or surpassed that of precipitation predictors. The novel indices substantially improved performance over the identical set of predictors derived from the lower resolution Joint Research Center surface water data set (+10% R2, +17% Relative Contribution) and over the set of simpler predictors (+18% R2, +30% Relative Contribution). Surface water derived indices can be strong predictors of malaria, if the spatial resolution is sufficiently high to detect small waterbodies and dispersal mechanisms of malaria related to surface water in human and vector water exposure assessment are incorporated.
Immunomodulatory and pro-oncologic effects of ketamine and isoflurane anesthetics in a murine model

Introduction Volatile and intravenous anesthetics may worsen oncologic outcomes in basic science animal models. These effects may be related to suppressed innate and adaptive immunity, decreased immunosurveillance, and disrupted cellular signaling. We hypothesized that anesthetics would promote lung tumor growth via altered immune function in a murine model and tested this using an immunological control group of immunodeficient mice. Methods Lewis lung carcinoma cells were injected via tail vein into C57BL/6 immunocompetent and NSG immunodeficient mice during exposure to isoflurane and ketamine versus controls without anesthesia. Mice were imaged on days 0, 3, 10, and 14 post-tumor cell injection. On day 14, mice were euthanized and organs fixed for metastasis quantification and immunohistochemistry staining. We compared growth of tumors measured from bioluminescent imaging and tumor metastasis in ex vivo bioluminescent imaging of lung and liver. Results Metastases were significantly greater for immunocompromised NSG mice than immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice over the 14-day experiment (partial η2 = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.54, 0.76). Among immunocompetent mice, metastases were greatest for mice receiving ketamine, intermediate for those receiving isoflurane, and least for control mice (partial η2 = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82, 0.91). In immunocompetent mice, significantly decreased T lymphocyte (partial η2 = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.29, 0.93) and monocyte (partial η2 = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.52, 0.96) infiltration was observed in anesthetic-treated mice versus controls. Conclusions The immune system appears central to the pro-metastatic effects of isoflurane and ketamine in a murine model, with decreased T lymphocytes and monocytes likely playing a role.
Burnout, resilience, and empowerment among COVID-19 survivor nurses in Indonesia

The primary frontline healthcare providers who have frequent contact with COVID-19 patients are nurses. Many nurses have been infected with COVID-19 and have experienced severe emotional exhaustion and burnout. It is essential to assess nurses’ psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with burnout, resilience, and empowerment among Indonesian COVID-19 nurse survivors. In this cross-sectional study, 182 COVID-19 survivor nurses participated from September to November 2022 with convenience sampling. An online survey using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses. The majority of the nurses were aged between 30–45 years (61.6%), and females (67.4%) experienced burnout. Higher resilience was found among nurses contracting COVID-19 (83.1%). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the absence of psychological impact (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.21–0.93) is significantly related to higher burnout experience. In addition, workplace, especially in hospital (OR = 4.32, 95% CI = 1.09–17.09) was associated with resilience, and a gap time after receiving negative COVID-19 result (OR = 3.90, 95% CI = 1.27–12.03) was correlated with psychological empowerment, in our results 4–6 month after had a negative result was at higher risk. To maintain a positive psychological aspect for COVID-19 nurse survivors, it needs to implement psychological support in the workplace and ensure an appropriate workload of nurse professionals.
Protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of digital health interventions in improving non-communicable disease management during the pandemic in rural Pakistan

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed gaps in global health systems, especially in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Evidence shows that patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are at higher risk of contracting COVID-19 and suffering direct and indirect health consequences. Considering the future challenges such as environmental disasters and pandemics to the LMICs health systems, digital health interventions (DHI) are well poised to strengthen health care resilience. This study aims to implement and evaluate a comprehensive package of DHIs of integrated COVID-NCD care to manage NCDs in primary care facilities in rural Pakistan. Methods The study is designed as a pragmatic, parallel two-arm, multi-centre, mix-methods cluster randomised controlled trial. We will randomise 30 primary care facilities in three districts of Punjab, where basic hypertension and diabetes diagnosis and treatment are provided, with a ratio of 1:1 between intervention and control. In each facility, we will recruit 50 patients who have uncontrolled hypertension. The intervention arm will receive training on an integrated COVID-NCD guideline, and will use a smartphone app-based telemedicine platform where patients can communicate with health providers and peer-supporters, along with a remote training and supervision system. Usual care will be provided in the control arm. Patients will be followed up for 10 months. Our primary indicator is systolic blood pressure measured at 10 months. A process evaluation guided by implementation science frameworks will be conducted to explore implementation questions. A cost-effectiveness evaluation will be conducted to inform future scale up in Pakistan and other LMICs. Discussion Our study is one of the first randomised controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of DHIs to manage NCDs to strengthen health system resilience in LMICs. We will also evaluate the implementation process and cost-effectiveness to inform future scale-up in similar resource constrained settings. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier—NCT05699369.
COIMMR: a computational framework to reveal the contribution of herbal ingredients against human cancer via immune microenvironment and metabolic reprogramming

Abstract Immune evasion and metabolism reprogramming have been regarded as two vital hallmarks of the mechanism of carcinogenesis. Thus, targeting the immune microenvironment and the reprogrammed metabolic processes will aid in developing novel anti-cancer drugs. In recent decades, herbal medicine has been widely utilized to treat cancer through the modulation of the immune microenvironment and reprogrammed metabolic processes. However, labor-based herbal ingredient screening is time consuming, laborious and costly. Luckily, some computational approaches have been proposed to screen candidates for drug discovery rapidly. Yet, it has been challenging to develop methods to screen drug candidates exclusively targeting specific pathways, especially for herbal ingredients which exert anti-cancer effects by multiple targets, multiple pathways and synergistic ways. Meanwhile, currently employed approaches cannot quantify the contribution of the specific pathway to the overall curative effect of herbal ingredients. Hence, to address this problem, this study proposes a new computational framework to infer the contribution of the immune microenvironment and metabolic reprogramming (COIMMR) in herbal ingredients against human cancer and specifically screen herbal ingredients targeting the immune microenvironment and metabolic reprogramming. Finally, COIMMR was applied to identify isoliquiritigenin that specifically regulates the T cells in stomach adenocarcinoma and cephaelin hydrochloride that specifically targets metabolic reprogramming in low-grade glioma. The in silico results were further verified using in vitro experiments. Taken together, our approach opens new possibilities for repositioning drugs targeting immune and metabolic dysfunction in human cancer and provides new insights for drug development in other diseases. COIMMR is available at https://github.com/LYN2323/COIMMR.
The aims and effectiveness of communities of practice in healthcare: A systematic review

Communities of practice (CoPs) are defined as "groups of people who share a concern, a set of problems, or a passion about a topic, and who deepen their knowledge and expertise by interacting on an ongoing basis". They are an effective form of knowledge management that have been successfully used in the business sector and increasingly so in healthcare. In May 2023 the electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched for primary research studies on CoPs published between 1st January 1950 and 31st December 2022. PRISMA guidelines were followed. The following search terms were used: community/communities of practice AND (healthcare OR medicine OR patient/s). The database search picked up 2009 studies for screening. Of these, 50 papers met the inclusion criteria. The most common aim of CoPs was to directly improve a clinical outcome, with 19 studies aiming to achieve this. In terms of outcomes, qualitative outcomes were the most common measure used in 21 studies. Only 11 of the studies with a quantitative element had the appropriate statistical methodology to report significance. Of the 9 studies that showed a statistically significant effect, 5 showed improvements in hospital-based provision of services such as discharge planning or rehabilitation services. 2 of the studies showed improvements in primary-care, such as management of hepatitis C, and 2 studies showed improvements in direct clinical outcomes, such as central line infections. CoPs in healthcare are aimed at improving clinical outcomes and have been shown to be effective. There is still progress to be made and a need for further studies with more rigorous methodologies, such as RCTs, to provide further support of the causality of CoPs on outcomes.
Timing and duration of melting in the mid orogenic crust: Constraints from U-Pb (SHRIMP) data, Muskoka and Shawanaga domains, Grenville Province, Ontario

The Central Gneiss Belt in the Grenville Province, Ontario, exposes metaplutonic rocks, orthogneisses, and minor paragneisses that were deformed and metamorphosed at crustal depths of 2035 km during the Mesoproterozoic Grenvillian orogeny. We present sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) UPb zircon data from eight samples of migmatitic orthogneiss, granite, and pegmatite from the Muskoka and Shawanaga domains that constrain the age and duration of partial melting in the mid orogenic crust. Our results support earlier interpretations that the protoliths to these migmatitic orthogneisses formed at ca. 1450 Ma. Emplacement and crystallization of granite and pegmatite in the Shawanaga domain took place at ca. 1089 Ma, apparently coevally with deformation and high-grade metamorphism. Leucosomes in the Muskoka and Shawanaga domains yield ages of 1067 and 1047 Ma, respectively, interpreted as the ages of melt crystallization. The geochronological data and field observations suggest that melt was pr.
Genome-based metabolic and phylogenomic analysis of three Terrisporobacter species

Acetogenic bacteria are of high interest for biotechnological applications as industrial platform organisms, however, acetogenic strains from the genus Terrisporobacter have hitherto been neglected. To date, three published type strains of the genus Terrisporobacter are only covered by draft genome sequences, and the genes and pathway responsible for acetogenesis have not been analyzed. Here, we report complete genome sequences of the bacterial type strains Terrisporobacter petrolearius JCM 19845T, Terrisporobacter mayombei DSM 6539T and Terrisporobacter glycolicus DSM 1288T. Functional annotation, KEGG pathway module reconstructions and screening for virulence factors were performed. Various species-specific vitamin, cofactor and amino acid auxotrophies were identified and a model for acetogenesis of Terrisporobacter was constructed. The complete genomes harbored a gene cluster for the reductive proline-dependent branch of the Stickland reaction located on an approximately 21 kb plasmid, which is exclusively found in the Terrisporobacter genus. Phylogenomic analysis of available Terrisporobacter genomes suggested a reclassification of most isolates as T. glycolicus into T. petrolearius.
Emerging roles of plasmacytoid dendritic cell crosstalk in tumor immunity

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a pioneer cell type that produces type I interferon (IFN-I) and promotes antiviral immune responses. However, they are tolerogenic and, when recruited to the tumor microenvironment (TME), play complex roles that have long been a research focus. The interactions between pDCs and other components of the TME, whether direct or indirect, can either promote or hinder tumor development; consequently, pDCs are an intriguing target for therapeutic intervention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of pDC crosstalk in the TME, including crosstalk with various cell types, biochemical factors, and microorganisms. An in-depth understanding of pDC crosstalk in TME should facilitate the development of novel pDC-based therapeutic methods.
Extracellular vesicle biomarkers for complement dysfunction in schizophrenia

Abstract Schizophrenia, a complex neuropsychiatric disorder, frequently experiences a high rate of misdiagnosis due to subjective symptom assessment. Consequently, there is an urgent need for innovative and objective diagnostic tools. In this study, we used cutting-edge extracellular vesicles’ (EVs) proteome profiling and XGBoost-based machine learning to develop new markers and personalized discrimination scores for schizophrenia diagnosis and prediction of treatment response. We analysed plasma and plasma-derived EVs from 343 participants, including 100 individuals with chronic schizophrenia, 34 first-episode and drug-naïve patients, 35 individuals with bipolar disorder, 25 individuals with major depressive disorder and 149 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Our innovative approach uncovered EVs-based complement changes in patients, specific to their disease-type and status. The EV-based biomarkers outperformed their plasma counterparts, accurately distinguishing schizophrenia individuals from healthy controls with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.895, 83.5% accuracy, 85.3% sensitivity and 82.0% specificity. Moreover, they effectively differentiated schizophrenia from bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, with AUCs of 0.966 and 0.893, respectively. The personalized discrimination scores provided a personalized diagnostic index for schizophrenia and exhibited a significant association with patients’ antipsychotic treatment response in the follow-up cohort. Overall, our study represents a significant advancement in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders, demonstrating the potential of EV-based biomarkers in guiding personalized diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia.
DESEMPENHO TÉRMICO DE TIPOS DE COBERTURAS NO INTERIOR DE MODELOS REDUZIDOS DE GALPÕES AVÍCOLAS

Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de diferentes tipos de coberturas, em modelos reduzidos de galpoes avicolas, a partir da analise dos indices de conforto termico, em experimento conduzido na regiao Central do Brasil. Foram utilizados 03 modelos de galpoes avicolas (em escala reduzida 1:10), sendo que em cada modelo foi utilizado um material de cobertura diferente, a saber: telha cerâmica, telha aluminio e telha de fibra vegetal asfaltica (reciclada). Para a analise deste estudo, foram coletados dados de temperatura do bulbo seco (Tbs), temperatura do globo negro (Tgn), umidade relativa do ar (UR) e velocidade do vento (vv), durante 9 dias. A caracterizacao do ambiente interno foi feita pelo Indice de Temperatura de Globo Negro e Umidade (ITGU), Carga Termica Radiante (CTR) e efetividade (e), sendo observado valores medios de ITGU de 75,65 e CTR de 453,09 W.m-2 para a telha cerâmica. Os resultados permitem concluir que para a regiao de estudo, a utilizacao de telha de cerâmica, quando comparada as demais telhas testadas, propicia melhores condicoes de conforto termico. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ambiente termico, avicultura, telhado. THERMAL CONFORT OF REDUCED SCALE MODELS OF POULTRY SHEDS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROOFING ABSTRACT: The goal of this work was to evaluate the thermal comfort index of reduced scale models (1:10) of poultry houses with different roofing materials. This study was conducted in Central Brazil. Three models of poultry sheds were used with different cover material: ceramic tile, aluminum tile and asphalt, and paper tile (recycled). To analyze the models, information about the dry bulb temperature (Tbs), black globe temperature (BGT), relative humidity (RH) and wind speed (vv), were collected during nine days. The thermal comfort was evaluated and classified through black-globe humidity index (BGHI), thermal heat load (THL), and effectiveness (e). Average values of 75.65 and 453.09 W.m-2 for BGHI and THL, respectly, were observed in ceramic tile roofing. The results showed that the ceramic tiles provide better thermal environment in reduced scale models of poultry houses. KEYWORDS: Environment, poultry, roof.
LOS SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA (SIG) EN LA PLANIFICACIÓN MUNICIPAL

En el presente trabajo se revisan las experiencias con la tecnologia de Sistemas de Informacion Geografica (SIG) que han tenido diferentes municipios y entidades estatales del Oriente Antioqueno y el Valle de Aburra, identificando las condiciones que han favorecido y dificultado su apropiacion como herramienta cotidiana. Se muestran las bondades de la tecnologia desde una perspectiva sencilla, al alcance de casi cualquier municipio. Con base en las experiencias de los municipios que desde hace ya algunos anos entraron en el proceso de apropiacion de esta herramienta, se muestra como la informacion que se recopila a diario puede ser facilmente organizada, analizada y visualizada para la toma de decisiones de planificacion con ayuda de la herramienta, partiendo de lo simple para ir robusteciendo el sistema en la medida en que se adquiere experiencia y familiaridad con ella. Se presentan los programas y funciones de uso mas frecuente en Colombia y se describe la problematica de la disponibilidad de datos confiables de entrada y el flujo de informacion entre la autoridad local, regional y nacional que intervienen en el ordenamiento territorial, condicion que se considera clave para dar coherencia a los procesos de planificacion. Abstract: A review of the experiences with GIS technology that different municipalities and governmental institutions in the Oriente Antioqueno and Valle de Aburra regions have had is presented here, identifying conditions that have made its appropriation in a daily basis easier or more difficult. The advantages of GIS technology are shown here from a simple perspective, achievable practically by any municipality or governmental institution. Based on the experiences of municipalities that for several years have been in the process of using this tool, it is shown how general data that are daily obtained can be easily organized, analyzed, and visualized for decision making in planning helped by GIS technology, starting from simple systems, and making them stronger as experience and familiarity with the technology is gained. The most used GIS software and functions in Colombia are presented, as well as a description of the problem of reliable data availability and interaction between governmental institutions, since this is considered a chief condition for consistent planning.