Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
YKL‐40 is a proposed biomarker of inflammation and remodelling elevated in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared to asthma

YKL-40 is a chitinase-like, secreted glycoprotein associated with several respiratory disorders, including asthma and oxidant-induced lung injuries. Its biological role remains unclear, but it correlates with markers of airway fibrosis and remodelling in asthma, where it has emerged as a candidate biomarker for non-type 2 inflammation. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic disorder, characterised by underdeveloped, damaged lungs following premature birth and mechanical ventilation, whereas asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease, often associated with atopy and reversibility in children (3). BPD has been associated with more airway fibrosis and non-reversible lung function impairment than asthma. Although airway obstruction is generally fixed in BPD, and variable in asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness may be present in both. Children with both diseases may experience wheeze and obstruction and receive similar treatment.
Serosurvey of pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus in dogs in Andalusia (southern Spain)

In April 2009, a new influenza A virus (IAV) subtype (A(H1N1)pdm09) spread worldwide and triggered the first human influenza pandemic of the 21st century. Since then, exposure to the pandemic H1N1 IAV has been confirmed in different animal species. Serological evidence and clinical infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 have been reported in canines, but the information available about the role of dogs in the epidemiology of this IAV subtype is still very limited in Europe. A cross‐sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of A(H1N1)pdm09 in dogs in southern Spain, a region with endemic seasonal circulation in human. Sera from 750 companion dogs were collected during the period 2013–2016. Antibodies against pandemic H1N1 IAV were analysed using the haemagglutination inhibition test. Positive samples were also tested by single radial haemolysis assay. Seropositivity was only confirmed by both methods in one (0.13%; 95% CI: 0.00–0.38) adult animal sampled in 2013. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of A(H1N1)pdm09 exposure in dogs in Spain. The low seroprevalence obtained indicates a limited exposure history to A(H1N1)pdm09 IAV in dogs in this country and suggests a low risk of transmission of this zoonotic IAV subtype between humans and dogs.
Two chloroplast thioredoxin systems differentially modulate photosynthesis in Arabidopsis depending on light intensity and leaf age

SUMMARY Various regulatory mechanisms have evolved in plants to optimize photosynthetic activity under fluctuating light. Thioredoxins (TRX) are members of the regulatory network balancing activities of light and carbon fixation reactions in chloroplasts. We have studied the impact of two chloroplast TRX systems, the ferredoxin‐dependent TRX reductase (FTR) and the NADPH‐dependent TRX reductase C (NTRC) on regulation of photosynthesis by mutants lacking or overexpressing a component of either system. Plants were subjected to image‐based phenotyping and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements that allow long‐term monitoring of the development and photosynthetic activity of the rosettes, respectively. Our experiments demonstrate that NTRC and FTR systems respond differently to variation of light intensity. NTRC was an indispensable regulator of photosynthesis in young leaves, at light‐intensity transitions and under low light intensities limiting photosynthesis, whereas steady‐state exposure of plants to growth or higher light intensities diminished the need of NTRC in regulation of photosynthesis. In fluctuating light, overexpression of NTRC increased the quantum yield of Photosystem II (YII) at low light and stimulated the relaxation of non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) after high light exposure, indicating that overexpression of NTRC improves leaf capacity to convert light energy to chemical energy under these conditions. Overexpression of chimeric protein (NTR‐TRXf) containing both the thioredoxin reductase and TRXf activity on an ntrc mutant background, did not completely recover either growth or steady‐state photosynthetic activity, whereas OE‐NTR‐TRXf plants exposed to fluctuating light regained the wild‐type level of Y(II) and NPQ.
IRF9 Affects the TNF-Induced Phenotype of Rheumatoid-Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes via Regulation of the SIRT-1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Objective: To discuss how IRF9 affects the fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in TNF-induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via the SIRT-1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Methods: RA-FLS were isolated and divided into control, sh-IRF9, TNF, TNF + sh-Ctrl, TNF + sh-IRF9, TNF + sh-SIRT1, and TNF + sh-IRF9 + sh-SIRT1 groups. Biological features of FLS were evaluated by MTT, wound healing, and Transwell assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis and cycle were assessed flow cytometrically. Inflammatory cytokines were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while IRF9 expression and SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway activity were measured by Western blotting. Results: TNF increased IRF9 expression as well as NF-κB signaling activity and down-regulated SIRT1 of RA-FLS. Silencing IRF9 resulted in up-regulation of SIRT1 and blocked NF-κB signaling, with significant decreases in TNF-induced cell viability, migration, and invasion, prominent enhancement in apoptosis and the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase, but a decrease in the proportion of cells in S and G2/M phases, and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines. However, these changes were totally abolished after silencing SIRT1, i.e., the IRF9 shRNA-induced inhibitory effect on the growth of RA-FLS was reversed. Conclusion: Silencing IRF9 curbs the activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway via up-regulating SIRT-1, to further suppress TNF-induced changes in the malignant features of RA-FLS, and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, with the promoted apoptosis.
Slow‐sustained delivery of naloxone reduces typical naloxone‐induced precipitated opioid withdrawal effects in male morphine‐dependent mice

Thousands of individuals die each year from opioid‐related overdoses. While naloxone (Narcan®) is currently the most widely employed treatment to reverse opioid toxicity, high or repeated doses of this antidote often lead to precipitated opioid withdrawal (POW). We hypothesized that a slow linear release of naloxone from a nanoparticle would induce fewer POW symptoms compared to high‐dose free naloxone. First, we measured the acute impact of covalent naloxone nanoparticles (Nal‐cNPs) on morphine‐induced antinociception in the hotplate test. We found that Nal‐cNP treatment blocked the antinociceptive effect of morphine within 15 min of administration. Next, we tested the impact of Nal‐cNPs on POW symptoms in male morphine‐dependent mice. To induce morphine dependence, mice were treated with 5 mg/kg morphine (or saline) twice‐daily for six consecutive days. On day 7 mice received 5 mg/kg morphine (or saline) injections 2 hr prior to receiving treatment of either unmodified free naloxone, a high or low dose of Nal‐cNP, empty nanoparticle (cNP‐empty), or saline. Behavior was analyzed for 0–6 hr followed by 24 and 48 hr time points after treatment. As expected, free naloxone induced a significant increase in POW behavior in morphine‐dependent mice compared to saline‐treated mice upon free naloxone administration. In comparison, reduced POW behavior was observed with both doses of Nal‐cNP. Side effects of Nal‐cNP on locomotion and fecal boli production were measured and no significant side‐effects were observed. Overall, our data show that sustained release of naloxone from a covalent nanoparticle does not induce severe POW symptoms in morphine‐dependent mice.
Extracellular vesicles: where the amyloid precursor protein carboxyl‐terminal fragments accumulate and amyloid‐β oligomerizes

Pleiotropic roles are proposed for brain extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous studies have suggested a beneficial role for EVs in AD, where the endosomal system in vulnerable neurons is compromised, contributing to the removal of accumulated material from neurons. However, the involvement of EVs in propagating AD amyloidosis throughout the brain has been considered because the amyloid‐β precursor protein (APP), APP metabolites, and key APP cleaving enzymes were identified in association with EVs. Here, we undertook to determine whether the secretase machinery is actively processing APP in EVs isolated from the brains of wild‐type and APP overexpressing Tg2576 mice. We found that full‐length APP is cleaved in EVs incubated in the absence of cells. The resulting metabolites, both α‐ and β‐APP carboxyl‐terminal fragments and APP intracellular domain accumulate in EVs over time and amyloid‐β dimerizes. Thus, EVs contribute to the removal from neurons and transport of APP‐derived neurotoxic peptides. While this is potentially a venue for propagation of the pathology throughout the brain, it may contribute to efficient removal of neurotoxic peptides from the brain.
Influence of physical facilities on academic performance in constituency development fund (CDF) built secondary schools in Rachuonyo South sub-County, Kenya

In 2013 and 2014, over 50% (728 out of 1336 and 778 out of 1491) of candidates enrolled in constituency development fund (CDF) built secondary schools in Rachuonyo South sub-County got E to D grades which are below the acceptable minimum quality grade of C+ that enables candidates pursue competitive courses at tertiary and university levels. It is against this background that this study purposed to establish the influence of physical facilities on student academic performance in CDF built secondary schools in Rachuonyo South sub-County. The study objectives were: to establish the influence of science laboratory, classroom quality and computer laboratory on student’s performance at KCSE. The study was guided by Education Production Function Theory based on the input and output variables. Descriptive Survey and Correlation research designs were used. The study population was 42 principals of CDF built secondary schools and 1 sub-County Quality Assurance and Standards Officer (SCQASO). The sample comprised 37 principals of the 37 secondary schools, and 1 SCQASO. Data was collected using questionnaires, interview schedule and document analysis guide. The instruments were validated for content and face validity. A test-retest correlation of r=. 7 showed that the instruments were reliable. Descriptive statistics as well as linear multiple regressions were used in data analysis. The results of the study revealed that the three variables, science laboratory, quality classroom and computer laboratory (which are components of physical facilities) had weak but significant relationship with student performance in KCSE. The study recommended that the Government should provide requisite facilities to guarantee quality education in CDF secondary schools. These findings will guide the government on resource allocation to these schools.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Development in Nigeria

This study was carried out to ascertain the impact of foreign direct investment on economic development in Nigeria between 1981 and 2018. Data employed for this study was elicited from World Bank Data Base-World Developmental Indicators of 2018 and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin of 2018. This study employed gross fixed capital formation as proxy for economic development in Nigeria, and exchange rate was employed as a controlled variable while data on foreign direct investment inflow to Nigeria was adopted as the explanatory variable. This study employed Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model to analyze data; other diagnostic tests such as: stability test, Auto correlation test, Heteroskedasticity test and BreuschGodfrey Serial Correlation LM test were also carried out and they confirmed the validity and reliability of the model employed. The inferential results pointed out that foreign direct investment impacted positively but insignificantly on economic development in Nigeria between 1981 and 2018. These results also conform to apriori economic expectations. The study recommended that government of Nigeria should provide enabling environment that will be conducive for doing business, so as to attract additional inflow of foreign direct investment. Government can provide enabling business environment by provision of steady supply of electricity and ameliorating or exterminating insurgent activities in the country and restore confidence of investors to come into Nigeria and invest, when this is done, the volume of foreign direct investment into Nigeria would increase and would enhance exports thereby reducing exchange rate.
Achieving Effective Use When Digitalizing Work: The Role of Representational Complexity

In times of accelerated digital transformation, many organizations still struggle to put enterprise systems to effective use quickly. While prior work suggests either system or task complexity as a source for these difficulties, this case study of a major system implementation at a European bank reveals the most important source to be the complexity arising from co-dependency between the system and the task. We conceptualize this co-dependency as inherent in system-enabled tasks by proposing system dependency (the extent to which a task is supported by a system) and semantic dependency (the degree to which semantic understanding is required for task completion). Together, these dependencies create representational complexity, which constrains users from achieving effective use in system-enabled tasks and can explain differences in achieving effective use through variations in learning effort. The concepts and insights emerging from this study provide researchers and practitioners with a deeper understanding of what complexity means and why, in some contexts, learning how to use systems effectively takes longer.
Globalization and Female Economic Participation in MINT and BRICS countries

PurposeThis study examines the effect of globalization on female economic participation (FEP) in MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey) and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries between 2004 and 2018.Design/methodology/approachFour measures of globalization are employed and sourced from KOF globalization index, 2018, while the female labour force participation rate is a proxy for FEP. The empirical evidence is based on the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator.FindingsThe findings of the PMG estimator from the Panel ARDL method reveal that political and overall globalization in MINT and BRICS countries have a positive impact on FEP, whereas social globalization exerts a negative impact on FEP in the long-run. It is observed that economic globalization has no long-run effect on FEP. Contrarily, all the measures of globalization reflect no short-run effect on FEP. This supports the argument that globalization has no immediate effect on FEP. Thus, it is recommended that both MINT and BRICS countries should find a way of improving the process of globalization generally to empower women to be involved in economic activities.Originality/valueThis study complements the extant literature by focusing on how globalization dynamics influence FEP in the MINT and BRICS countries.
Evaluation of serotonin receptors (5HTR2A and 5HTR3A) mRNA expression changes in tumor of breast cancer patients

Background: Several studies have proven the pattern of neurotransmitters, especially serotonin, in carcinogenesis and tumor development. Several studies have also shown that changes in serotonin receptors, especially 5HTR2A and 5HTR3A, can play an important role in incidence of cancers. This study was conducted to investigate changes in mRNA expression of 5HTR2A and 5HTR3A receptors in the breast tumor tissue compared to their marginal zone. Methods: In this study, tissue samples were obtained from 40 female patients with breast cancer. Entire RNA was obtained from the tissues and cDNA synthesis was performed. Finally, real ime PCR technique was performed to investigate the gene expression variation of both 5HTR2A and 5HTR3A. To analyze the results of real time PCR, both ΔΔCt and 2-ΔΔCt equations were used. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 18 software and R-Studio 1.0. 136. P values less than 0.05 (p<0.05) and 0.001 (p<0.001) were considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed increased expression of 5HTR2A and 5HTR3A genes in tumoral tissues of patients with breast cancer compared to their marginal tissues, where the 5HTR2A and 5HTR3A genes expression in tumor tissue was 3.12 and 3.24 times more than that of the marginal zone, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated an increase in the mRNA expression of serotonin receptors (5HTR2A and 5HTR3A) in the tumor tissue compared to the marginal zone, which due to the mitogenic nature of these receptors, is likely to induce more proliferation of cancer cells.
Unique Contextual Conditions Affecting Coworker Knowledge Sharing and Employee Innovative Work Behaviors

Drawing on a componential model of creativity, this study examines how coworker knowledge sharing drives employee innovative work behaviors in the workplace. Furthermore, the moderating effect of situational factor (supervisor knowledge sharing) and personal factor (employee thriving) were analyzed to explore the unique contextual conditions which could influence this relationship. A sample of 374 employees across a variety of jobs and industries was used to test these relationships. Supervisor knowledge sharing was hypothesized to dampen, while employee thriving at workplace was hypothesized to strengthen the positive relationship between coworker knowledge sharing and employee innovative work behaviors. Results of the hierarchal multiple regression, plots, and slope analysis confirmed the hypothesized relationships. The theoretical and practical implications for employee innovative work behavior at work are discussed.
Acute Complications and Pregnancy Outcomes with Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Turkish and English summaries of the manuscript should take place in a manner that it will not exceed 250 words. The keywords should be written at the end of the summary. The references should not be cited in the summary section. As far as possible, use of abbreviations is to be avoided. If any abbreviations are used, they must be taken into consideration independently of the abbreviations used in the text. The summary should be written with four running titles. Purpose: The goal of the study should be clearly stated. Material and Method: The study should be defined, the standard criteria; it should be also indicated whether the study is randomized or not, whether it is retrospective or prospective, the statistical method, if any, should be indicated. Results (Findings): The detailed result of the study should be given and the statistical significance level should be indicated. OF TURKEY JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF END ABOLISM OCRINOLOGY AND MET
Method Validation, Dissipation Kinetics and Processing Factor for Acetamiprid Residues in Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum L. Maton)

The dissipation behaviour of a neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid in fresh and cured cardamom capsules following application at 10 and 20 g a. i. ha−1 in the cardamom plantation of Indian Cardamom Hills (ICH), Idukki, Kerala, India, is reported. A UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of residue in cardamom was developed and validated. The recovery experiments at fortification levels of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 μg g−1 revealed average recoveries of 94.9 to 98.1 and 88.4 to 90.10% for fresh and cured cardamom, respectively. The LOD and LOQ in both fresh and cured cardamom were found to be 0.005 and 0.01 μg g−1, respectively. At lower dose, the initial deposits on fresh and cured cardamom were 0.70 ± 0.05 and 1.73± 0.08 μg g−1 respectively. At double the dose of application, the corresponding deposits were 1.62 ± 0.09 and 3.52± 0.18 μg g−1 respectively. The residues dissipated below quantitation level of 0.01 μg g−1 after 14 and 21 days (lower dose) and 21 and 28 days (higher dose), respectively. The half life of acetamiprid on fresh and cured cardamom was 3.79 and 3.85 days at single dose and 3.39 and 3.59 days at double the dose, respectively. The waiting periods on fresh and dry cardamom at lower and higher doses were 11.65 and 17.35 days, and 14.86 and 20.40 days, respectively. The mean processing factor evaluated at lower dose was 2.77.
Variation of physical characteristics, aerobic and anaerobic powers depending on sprinting ability of recreational athletes

The appropriateness of training goals is important in single session of combined training. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the variations of physical characteristics, aerobic and anaerobic powers depending on sprint speed level (SSL) in recreational male and female athletes. This study consisted of a total of 586 young adults including 424 males and 162 females. A 12 minutes run test for aerobic power, vertical jump test for anaerobic power, 100 meter sprints, body height, body weight, and anthropometric measurements including trunk and leg length were taken respectively. This study showed that the 90 percentile sprint speed male group (NPSSG) is younger, taller, heavier and longer legged than the others while female NPSSG is younger, longer legged and lower trunk/leg length ratio than the other athletes (OA). Male NPSSG had the slightly lower maximum VO2 value than the OA. In contrast, female NPSSG had higher VO2max than OA. Similarly, male and female NPSSG with higher vertical jump score had a higher anaerobic power than OA. SSL was negatively correlated with aerobic power in males while SSL was positively correlated with aerobic power in females. Clearly, SSL were not only significantly correlated with the vertical jump score but also with anaerobic power as well as leg length in both genders. It can be concluded that the physical fitness profile differentiated depending on SSL in male and female athletes. There are positive correlations between anaerobic performance and SSL in both genders, and a positive correlation in females and negative correlation in males were observed between SSL and aerobic power.
PAC Imitation and Model-based Batch Learning of Contextual MDPs

We consider the problem of learning CMDPs in batch mode. In particular, we study two general classes of learning algorithms: direct policy learning (DPL), an imitation-learning based approach which learns from expert trajectories, and model-based learning. First, we derive sample complexity bounds for DPL, and then show that model-based learning from expert actions can, even with a ﬁnite model class, be impossible. After relaxing the conditions under which the model-based approach is expected to learn by allowing greater coverage of state-action space, we provide sample complexity bounds for model-based learning with ﬁnite model classes, showing that there exist model classes with sample complexity exponential in their statistical complexity. Our results give formal justiﬁcation for imitation learning over model-based learning in this setting.