Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resonant absorption of ULF waves near the ion cyclotron frequency: A simulation study

We present a numerical investigation of Alfven resonances when frequencies are comparable to the ion cyclotron frequency(ωci) and MHD approximations become no longer valid. We have developed a three‐dimensional multi‐fluid wave model, which can fully include the effects of multi‐ions and electron. We use simple box model of an inhomogeneous plasma to examine how wave coupling properties change when the characteristic MHD resonance modes become comparable to ωci. The wave spectra and energy relations are presented for both MHD waves and ion cyclotron waves. Our results show that previous resonant absorption in pure MHD waves is well confirmed in the multi‐fluid model. By adopting a set of new eigenmodes, we show that the resonant absorption persists even for the higher frequency. It is suggested that, near ωci, the left‐handed circularly polarized mode is likely to behave as a shear mode in the MHD limit.
On the role of evanescent modes and group index tapering in slow light photonic crystal waveguide coupling efficiency

We investigate effects of different mechanisms on coupling efficiency between strip waveguides and the slow light mode in photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs). Both numerical simulations and experimental results show that group index (ng) tapering improves strip-PCW butt-coupling efficiency when compared to a direct coupling between a strip waveguide and a high-ng PCW. However, coupling efficiency is even higher when an intermediate low-ng PCW is used to couple from a strip waveguide to a high-ng PCW without an ng tapering. Our results suggest that the role of evanescent mode is more dominant in efficient coupling between two PCWs with large ng mismatch.
Posterior predictive p‐values for classical null hypotheses

We show that for the purpose of testing a classical null hypothesis the posterior predictive check of Rubin (1984) may be inadequate. This inadequacy is caused by the estimation of the nuisance parameters under the null hypothesis. We show that this problem can be solved if the parameters are estimated under the encompassing model.
Measuring the effect of climate change on migration flows: Limitations of existing data and analytical frameworks

The aim of this paper is to review quantitative large-N studies that investigate the effects of climate change on migration flows. Recent meta-analyses have shown that most studies find that climate change influences migration flows. There are however also many studies that find no effects or show that effects are dependent on specific contexts. To better understand this complexity, we argue that we need to discuss in more detail how to measure climate change and migration, how these measurements relate to each other and how we can conceptualise the relationship between these two phenomena. After a presentation of current approaches to measuring climate change, international and internal migration and their strengths and weaknesses we discuss ways to overcome the limitations of existing analytical frameworks.
Convergence rates for Tikhonov regularisation of non-linear ill-posed problems

The authors consider non-linear ill-posed problems in a Hilbert space setting, they show that Tikhonov regularisation is a stable method for solving non-linear ill-posed problems and give conditions that guarantee the convergence rate O( square root delta ) for the regularised solutions, where delta is a norm bound for the noise in the data. They illustrate these conditions for several examples including parameter estimation problems. In an appendix, they study the connection between the ill-posedness of a non-linear problem and its linearisation and show that this connection is rather weak. A sufficient condition for ill-posedness is given in the case that the non-linear operator is compact.
ANALISIS PENGARUH TINGKAT PDRB PERKAPITA, INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA, DAN PENANAMAN MODAL ASING TERHADAP KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DI INDONESIA PERIODE TAHUN 2019-2021

Income inequality is one aspect of poverty that needs attention because it is essentially a measure of relative poverty, namely calculating poverty as part of the regional income distribution. Good economic development can be seen from the level of gross regional domestic product per capita (PDRBPKP), Human Development Index (IPM) and Foreign Investment (PMA) in various regions in Indonesia. Changes in each of these variables are influenced by income inequality in various regions. regions, especially in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the Gini ratio (income inequality) and the factors that influence it in Indonesia for the 2019-2021 period. This research is a quantitative research. The variables used in this study are Gini ratio, GRDP per capita, Human Development Index, and Foreign Investment. The panel data method is used as an analysis in the form of cross section data from 34 provinces in Indonesia and time series data for 2019-2021. The results of this study indicate that PDRBPKP has a negative effect on income inequality, HDI has a positive effect on income inequality, and FDI has a negative effect on income inequality in Indonesia for the 2019-2021 period.
Homophily and Transmission of Behavioral Traits in Social Networks

Social networks are a key factor of success in life, but they are also strongly segmented on gender, ethnicity, and other demographic characteristics (Jackson, 2010). We present novel evidence on an understudied source of homophily: behavioral traits. Behavioral traits are important determinants of life outcomes. While recent work has focused on how these traits are influenced by the family environment, or how they can be affected by childhood interventions, little is known about how these traits are related to social networks. Based on unique data collected using incentivized experiments on more than 2,500 French high-school students, we find high levels of homophily across all ten behavioral traits that we study. Notably, the extent of homophily depends on similarities in demographic characteristics, in particular with respect to gender. Furthermore, the larger the number of behavioral traits that students share, the higher the overall homophily. Using network econometrics, we show that the observed homophily is not only an outcome of endogenous network formation, but is also a result of friends influencing each others’ behavioral traits. Importantly, the transmission of traits is larger when students share demographic characteristics, such as gender, have longer periods of friendship, or are friends with more popular individuals. JEL-classification: D85, C91, D01, D90.
Less may be more for Brucella bacteriophage therapy due to immune suppressive effects

We are studying the applicability of Brucella-specific phages to counter brucellosis. With antibiotic resistance on the rise and new realizations concerning the detrimental effects of long-term antibiotic use, phage therapy may become a useful approach against bacterial infection. However, phages are frequently less effective at countering bacterial infection in vivo than is expected considering their strong anti-bacterial effects in vitro. Furthermore, the effects of phage on mammalian cells are largely unknown. We have discovered that Brucella-specific phages are capable of activating some immune components, while suppressing others. Specifically, Brucella phages can activate bovine γδ T cells directly in vitro as measured by upregulation of IL-2R, but dampen the expression of TNF-α induced by E. coli LPS. A similar effect can be measured on human THP-1 macrophages. Also, in an in vitro model of intracellular Brucella infection, low phage MOI was capable of protecting cells from infection, but, unexpectedly, use of high phage MOI diminished protection. In vivo delivery of low phage MOI to the lung was more effective at diminishing Brucella burden than higher doses of phage. Finally, combining low dose phage with innate immune stimulation was more effective at reducing Brucella bacterial burden than either treatment alone. We hypothesize that some phage preparations induce an immune suppressive response that may counteract their anti-bacterial effects. Potentially combinatorial approaches may overcome this suppressive response. Our discovery of immune suppressive effects of Brucella bacteriophages is an important consideration for using phage as a treatment. This work is supported by NIH R21 AI144496-01.
A UPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomic Study of Serum and Tumor Tissue in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Objective: To find the metabolomic characteristics of tumor or para-tumor tissues, and the differences in serums from papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients with or without lymph node metastasis. Methods: We collected serums of PTC patients with/without lymph node metastasis (SN1/SN0), tumor and adjacent tumor tissues of PTC patients with lymph node metastasis (TN1 and PN1), and without lymph node metastasis (TN0 and PN0). Metabolite detection was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with Q-Exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC Q-Exactive). Results: There were 31, 15, differential metabolites in the comparisons of TN1 and PN1, TN0 and PN0, respectively. Seven uniquely increased metabolites and fourteen uniquely decreased metabolites appeared in the lymph node metastasis (TN1 and PN1) group. Meanwhile, the results indicated that four pathways were co-owned pathways in two comparisons (TN1 and PN1, TN0 and PN0), and four unique pathways presented in the lymph node metastasis (TN1 and PN1) group. Conclusions: Common or differential metabolites and metabolic pathways were detected in the lymph node metastasis and non-metastatic group, which might provide novel ways for the diagnosis and treatment of PTC.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Uterine Cancer: Time for a Modern Approach

Simple Summary The sentinel lymph node biopsy technique is widely used in uterine cancers. Some new parameters as ultrastadification or molecular biology have modified our algorithms which are becoming more and more complex. We discuss here the integration of the sentinel node biopsy technique in the global strategy of management of uterine cancers. Abstract Since the validation of the sentinel node technique (SLN) for vulvar cancer 20 years ago, this technique has been introduced in the management of operable cervical cancer and endometrial cancer. For cervical cancer a “one fits all” attitude has mainly been presented. However, this approach, consisting of a frozen section during the operation, can be discussed in some stages. We present and discuss the main option for each stage, as well as some secondary possibilities. For endometrial cancer, SLN is now the technique of choice for the nodal staging of low- and intermediate-risk groups. Some discussion exists for the high-risk group. We also discuss the impacts of using preoperatively the molecular classification of endometrial cancer. Patients with POLE or TP53 mutations could have different nodal staging. The story of SLN in uterine cancers is not finished. We propose a comprehensive algorithm of SLN in early cervical and endometrial cancers. However, several ongoing trials will give us important data in the coming years. They could substantially change these propositions.
Preserving exponential mean square stability and decay rates in two classes of theta approximations of stochastic differential equations

This paper examines exponential mean square stability of the split-step theta approximation and the stochastic theta method for the stochastic differential delay equations and stochastic ordinary differential equations (SODEs) under a coupled monotone condition on drift and diffusion coefficients. It is shown that for the two classes of the theta approximations can preserve the exponential mean square stability when some conditions on the stepsize and drift coefficient are imposed, but for , without the globally Lipschitz continuity, these two classes of theta methods show exponentially mean square stability unconditionally. Moreover, for sufficiently small stepsize, the decay rate as measured by the bound of the Lyapunov exponent can be reproduced arbitrarily accurately. Some results in this paper extend the existing results for linear SODEs to nonlinear stochastic differential equations (SDEs), and also improve our previous results of numerical stability of nonlinear SDEs.
Total electron scattering cross sections. I. He, Ne, Ar, Xe

The apparatus and experimental procedures used to obtain total electron scattering cross sections are described, and results are presented for He, Ne, Ar and Xe in the 4-300 eV incident energy range, together with statistical errors. The results are generally found to be in good agreement with previous data except at low impact energies. Serious discrepancies remain in Xe below 20 eV impact energy.
Comparing Extinction Models with a Sample of Elliptical Galaxies, Star Clusters, and the Extinction at the Galactic Center

We performed comparisons of our interstellar extinction models, which are based on the hypothesis that gas and dust are homogeneously mixed and make use of the dust-to-gas ratio to make extinction predictions, with samples of objects for which other methods of estimating extinction are available in the literature: giant elliptical (gE) galaxies, star clusters, and the extinction toward the Galactic center. We used the same sample of gE galaxies that Burstein selected in 2003 for a comparison he made between the extinction predicted by Burstein & Heiles and by Schlegel and coworkers, to extend the comparison to our models. Due to the quality of the sample of gE galaxies, we slightly tuned the parameters of our model A, getting what we call the improved model A2. We found 3 σ-limited rms differences in E(B - V) around 0.017 mag in the comparison of the predictions of this model with the two methods mentioned above. Our comparisons take into account the zero points recommended by Burstein. The correlation coefficient obtained in the comparisons is around 0.86. These results bring to light that our model can be safely used for extragalactic work in order to estimate the extinction in our Galaxy, as an alternative method to the predictions of Burstein & Heiles and Schlegel and coworkers. In the comparison of our results with the globular cluster data we found rms differences in E(B - V) equal to 0.32 and 0.30 for our models A and S, respectively. For the open clusters we made comparisons using different samples; the rms differences were typically 0.25. In the Galactic center, comparing our model A with the extinction map in the K band provided by Dutra and coworkers, we found an rms difference in AK equal to 0.16, which is relatively small, considering the high extinction values in that region.
Computational Analysis of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Wire-Sandwiched Microheat Pipes

The microheat pipe is a promising option in the thermal management of high-heat flux electronic components and packages. A computational analysis of wire-sandwiched (wire-bonded) microheat pipes, a relatively new design in microheat pipes, is presented in this paper. A transient one-dimensional model has been used in the analysis, which incorporates the longitudinal variation in the flow cross-sectional areas within the heat-pipe channel, frictional effects, and phase change during the process. The governing equations have been solved using a fully implicit finite difference scheme to obtain the velocity, pressure, and temperature distributions. These results are used to calculate and characterize the effective thermal conductivity of the heat pipe. The predicted results for the wire-sandwiched design are compared with those for the triangular cross section microheat pipe channel and discussed extensively.
Biogeographic Pattern and Network of Rhizosphere Fungal and Bacterial Communities in Panicum miliaceum Fields: Roles of Abundant and Rare Taxa

Unraveling how microbial interactions and assembly process regulate the rhizosphere abundant and rare taxa is crucial for determining how species diversity affects rhizosphere microbiological functions. We assessed the rare and abundant taxa of rhizosphere fungal and bacterial communities in proso millet agroecosystems to explore their biogeographic patterns and co-occurrence patterns based on a regional scale. The taxonomic composition was significantly distinct between the fungal and bacterial abundant and rare taxa. Additionally, the rare taxa of bacteria and fungi exhibited higher diversity and stronger phylogenetic clustering than those of the abundant ones. The phylogenetic turnover rate of abundant taxa of bacteria was smaller than that of rare ones, whereas that of fungi had the opposite trend. Environmental variables, particularly mean annual temperature (MAT) and soil pH, were the crucial factors of community structure in the rare and abundant taxa. Furthermore, a deterministic process was relatively more important in governing the assembly of abundant and rare taxa. Our network analysis suggested that rare taxa of fungi and bacteria were located at the core of maintaining ecosystem functions. Interestingly, MAT and pH were also the important drivers controlling the main modules of abundant and rare taxa. Altogether, these observations revealed that rare and abundant taxa of fungal and bacterial communities showed obvious differences in biogeographic distribution, which were based on the dynamic interactions between assembly processes and co-occurrence networks.
Magnetoviscosity of Colloidal Suspensions

A theoretical description of the effect of an applied magnetic field on the viscosity of a colloidal suspension of single-domain ferromagnetic particles is given from the point of view of linearized hydrodynamics, starting from a microscopic Fokker–Planck equation. Reasonable agreement is found between theoretical results and previous experimental measurements of the effect. A comparison with an earlier theoretical explanation of the effect is given. It is found, in particular, that a consideration of the role of Brownian motion is not only desirable but crucial to a proper explanation of the magnetoviscosity effect.
Spacer Block Technique Was Superior to Intramedullary Guide Technique in Coronal Alignment of Femoral Component after Fixed-Bearing Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Case–Control Study

Backgrounds and Objectives: The spacer block technique in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has still a concern related to the precise position of the component in the coronal and sagittal planes compared to intramedullary guide technique. The purposes of this study were to explore whether the spacer block technique would improve the radiological alignment of implants and clinical outcomes compared with the outcomes of the intramedullary guide technique in fixed-bearing medial UKA. Materials and Methods: In total, 115 patients who underwent unilateral, fixed-bearing medial UKA were retrospectively reviewed and divided into group IM (intramedullary guides; n = 39) and group SB (spacer blocks; n = 76). Clinical assessment included range-of-motion and patient-reported outcomes. Radiological assessment included the mechanical femorotibial angle, coronal and sagittal alignments of the femoral and tibial components, and coronal femorotibial congruence angle. Results: All clinical outcomes showed no significant differences between groups. The coronal femoral component angle was valgus 2.4° ± 4.9° in IM group and varus 1.1° ± 3.2° (p < 0.001). In group IM, the number of outlier in coronal femoral component angle (<−10° or 10°<) was 3 cases, while in group SB, there was no outlier (p = 0.014). The coronal femorotibial congruence angle was significantly less in group SB (mean 1.9°, range, −3.2°~8.2°) than in group IM (mean 3.4°, range, −9.6°~16.5°) (p = 0.028). Conclusions: In the group SB, the coronal alignment of femoral component was closer to neutral, and outlier was less frequent than in the group IM. The spacer block technique was more beneficial in achieving proper coronal alignment of the femoral component and congruence of femorotibial components compared to the intramedullary guide technique in fixed-bearing medial UKAs.
Nonlinear Phenomena in Dynamic Response of Rotors in Anisotropic Mounting Systems

In a previous paper (Ehrich, 1994), the author has cataloged a variety of unique rotordynamic responses which have been observed in a computer model of a simple Jeffcott rotor in a nonlinear anisotropic mounting system ; that is, operating eccentrically within a clearance and in local intermittent contact with the stator. In addition to the critical synchronous resonant response similar to that found in linear systems, unique responses are found at subcritical operating speeds-superharmonic pseudo-resonances, and regions of chaotic and periodic response in transition zones between successive superharmonic orders. In the transcritical operating regime on both the subcritical and supercritical sides of the critical peak, spontaneous sidebanding is found when the system is very lightly damped. At supercritical operating speeds, subharmonic pseudoresonances, and regions of chaotic response and periodic response in transition zones between successive subharmonic orders are identified. These phenomena are characterized by their unique signature in the response curve, derived from a simple numerical model of a Jeffcott rotor with a bilinear stiffness in the direction normal to the plane of contact. Each phenomenon is further characterized by a typical example of the wave form and the wave form's spectral analysis. All the wave forms display the tendency of the nonlinear system to have a significant asynchronous response component at its natural frequency irrespective of the rotational or stimulus frequency. In a more recent publication (Ehrich, 1995), recorded observations of rotordynamic response, in the format of waterfall or cascade charts, of operational high-speed turbomachinery in two typical instances have been compared with equivalent data from the same computer model used to illustrate the cataloged phenomena. The instances are representative of several of the cataloged phenomena. Excellent correspondence between the computed waterfall charts and the data from the actual operational machinery are achieved. The results may be of considerable interest to the community of vibrations engineers who deal with prevention of and remedial action for deleterious asynchronous vibration in operational high speed rotating machinery.
Nonlinear dynamics and spectral behavior for an external cavity laser

The influence of nonlinear dynamics on the linewidth, spectral behavior, and stability properties for a semiconductor laser in an external cavity is examined by numerical simulation of the noise-driven rate equations. Experimental results on the feedback-induced linewidth reduction are presented. The saturation of linewidth reduction and the sudden increase in linewidth which is observed at high feedback levels are shown to be contained in the theoretical model. The state with strongly increased linewidth has the signature of a chaotic state. We present examples of the calculated time evolution of the complex field amplitude and the associated FM noise spectra and field power spectra. The examples illustrate the transition to the chaotic state and focus on the spectral characteristics of the state.