Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Bond Strengths Between Dual Cure Resin Cement and Light Cure Resin Cement in Root Surface Indirect Restorations: An In Vitro Analysis Study

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength between dual cure and light cure resin cements in root surface indirect restorations. Materials and methods Ten recently extracted human teeth were selected. Cylindrical blocks of resin were prepared and bonded near the Cemento-Enamel Junction (CEJ) of the prepared teeth to mimic the restoration at the root surface. The samples were randomly luted to the root surface using the light cure (Calibra Veneer, Dentsply Sirona, India) and dual cure (Fusion Ultra D/C, DenPro, USA) forming two groups. The bond strength was checked using the INSTRON 3000 device (INSTRON, MA, USA). The point of fracture of the prepared sample from the tooth surface was noted. All readings were tabulated and further statistically analyzed. Results On comparing the two groups, it was found that the light cured resin had a greater mean shear bond strength (57 N) than the dual cure resin cement (41 N). The difference in the mean value of the shear bond strength between two resin cements was found to be statistically not significant according to independent T-test analysis using Levene’s Test (P>0.05). Conclusion From the results obtained and within the limits of the study conducted, we can infer that Calibra Veneer is a more viable option for luting to the root surface area. On the other hand, Fusion Ultra Dual cure resin cement seems to have similar results but has a lower bond strength than the other.
Elements For Registration of Shariah High Court Order Granting A Declaration for Vesting of Hibah Properties At PTG Johor

The matter of registering of declaration for vesting of hibah properties in the State of Johor is subject to the elements and conditions stated in Circular No. 12/2019 issued by PTG Johor. The objective of this research study is to find out the management procedures, conditions and guidance related to the registration of the declaration for vesting of hibah properties at PTG Johor based on PTG Johor circular 12/2019. Research data was obtained through the library method by referring to legal statutes, circulars related to land and administration as well as relevant cases involving land legislation NLC 1965 and the GSA Act 1960. Structured and unstructured interview methods were also implemented to obtain information related to the research objective. The findings of this study show that the conditions and elements stated in PTG Johor ’s circular No. 12/2019 in guiding the registration of the declaration for vesting of hibah properties at PTG Johor are perfect, organized and legal in nature. Even so, the instruments and elements contained in PTG Johor circular No. 12/2019 are the essence of KTN 1965 itself.
Changes in posterior corneal elevation after small incision lenticule extraction for different myopic diopters

AIM: To study the changes and effect factors of posterior corneal surface after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with different myopic diopters. METHODS: Ninety eyes of 90 patients who underwent SMILE were included in this retrospective study. Patients were allocated into three groups based on the preoperative spherical equivalent (SE): low myopia (SE≥-3.00 D), moderate myopia (-3.00 D>SE>-6.00 D) and high myopia (SE≤-6.00 D). Posterior corneal surfaces were measured by a Scheimpflug camera preoperatively and different postoperative times (1wk, 1, 3, 6mo, and 1y). Posterior mean elevation (PME) at 25 predetermined points of 3 concentric circles (2-, 4-, and 6-mm diameter) above the best fit sphere was analyzed. RESULTS: All surgeries were completed uneventfully and no ectasia was found through the observation. The difference of myopia group was significant at the 2-mm ring at 1 and 3mo postoperatively (1mo: P=0.017; 3mo: P=0.018). The effect of time on ΔPME was statistically significant (2-mm ring: P=0.001; 4-mm ring: P<0.001; 6-mm ring: P<0.001). The effect of different corneal locations on ΔPME was significant except 1wk postoperatively (1mo: P=0.000; 3mo: P=0.000; 6mo: P=0.001; 1y: P=0.001). Posterior corneal stability was linearly correlated with SE, central corneal thickness, ablation depth, residual bed thickness, percent ablation depth and percent stromal bed thickness. CONCLUSION: The posterior corneal surface changes dynamically after SMILE. No protrusion is observed on the posterior corneal surface in patients with different degrees of myopia within one year after surgery. SMILE has good stability, accuracy, safety and predictability.
Ricinus communis L.: Water Use Efficiency, Carbon Assimilation and Water Relations on Deficit Irrigation

Aims: This study evaluated carbon assimilation, water relations, intrinsic and instantaneous water use efficiency, and water consumption of two cultivars of Ricinus communis L. cv. BRS 188 Paraguaçu and BRS Energia, subjected to regulated-deficit irrigation. Study Design: The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized scheme in a factorial arrangement of 5 x 2, with five replicates. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil from December 2008 to February 2009. Methodology: The growing plants were subjected to different water conditions by predefined quantities of water, so as to maintain the substrate under the following matric potential (Ψm) during Original Research Article Carvalho et al.; JEAI, 30(5): 1-15, 2019; Article no.JEAI. 46523 2 the experimental period: -1.6 kPa (near field capacity), -3.0 kPa, -7.3 kPa, -26.7 kPa, and -183.0 kPa. Results: The cultivars differed significantly (P = .05) in predawn leaf water potential and relative water content, showing that the tissues of BRS Energia remained more hydrated compared to BRS 188 Paraguaçu. Under -183.0 kPa, the intrinsic water use efficiency and instantaneous water use efficiency were significantly higher in BRS Energia than in BRS 188 Paraguaçu, suggesting a conservative behavior of the cultivar BRS Energia. Non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis were observed in BRS 188 Paraguaçu. Under greater water stress, BRS 188 Paraguaçu and BRS Energia plants had the leaf area reduced by 75.58% and 23.13%, respectively compared with the control. The water use efficiency of biomass was significantly higher in BRS Energia than in BRS 188 Paraguaçu. Conclusion: The cultivar BRS Energia was more promising in relatively drier conditions compared to BRS 188 Paraguaçu. The carbon assimilation decreased in both castor bean cultivars only under severe water stress (-183.0 kPa), suggesting that the use of the deficit irrigation technique may be viable leading to lower water consumption and higher photosynthesis efficiency.
Nutrients and Phytoplankton in a Shallow, Hypereutrophic Urban Lake: Prospects for Restoration

University Lake, a shallow, artificial, urban lake adjacent to the campus of Louisiana State University, has a long history of water quality problems, including algal blooms, fish kills, and high concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria. Periodic dredging of the lake is necessary to prevent its return to swampland. This study was undertaken to elucidate the roles of allochthonous versus autochthonous nutrients as causes of water quality problems in the lake, with the expectation that this information would help identify strategies for lake restoration. Photosynthetic rates and concentrations of inorganic nutrients and phytoplankton pigments were measured over a period of one year. More than 90% of the chlorophyll a (chl a) in the lake was accounted for by Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae. Concentrations of chl a, which averaged 75 μg L−1, fluctuated weekly during dry weather by as much as a factor of four. Phytoplankton growth rates were about 30% higher 1–2 days after rain events than after periods of dry weather, the implication being that allochthonous nutrient loading has a significant effect on the dynamics of the phytoplankton community in the lake. Therefore, dredging of sediments will likely produce no long-term improvement in water quality. More than 100 storm drains currently discharge into the lake, and diversion of those drains may be the most cost-effective strategy for effecting a long-term improvement in water quality.
Natural Image and Video Matting

The process of extracting a foreground object from an image based on limited user input, is an important task in image and video editing. This paper addresses the problem of efficient extraction of a foreground object in a complex environment whose background cannot be trivially subtracted. Natural image matting is usually composed of: foreground and background color estimating and alpha estimating. Current approaches either restrict the estimation to a small part of the image, i.e. estimate foreground and background colors based on nearby pixels where they are known, or perform iterative nonlinear estimation by alternating foreground and background color estimation with alpha estimation. This paper presents an object extraction technique which uses global color and local smoothness information to estimate the accurate alpha values. We then extend the object extraction method to video, where from a single video shot with a moving foreground object and stationary background, the motion statistics, color and contrast cues are combined to extract a foreground object efficiently with no interaction from the user.
Mitigating Embedding and Class Assignment Mismatch in Unsupervised Image Classification-Supplementary Material -

Unsupervised Classification Task (Sec. 4.1). ResNet18 with five Norm-FC classification heads was used as the backbone network. Stage 1 of the model used a batch size of 128 and the model was trained in 5 rounds with 200 epochs per round. w(t) was set to zero at first and gradually increased by 0.2 every 80 epochs, following the original work [1]. Stage 2 used the same batch size, and the model was trained with 300 epochs. Stochastic gradient descent with Nesterov momentum 0.9 was utilized as an optimizer. For the first 80 epochs, the learning rate was fixed as 0.01 then scaled-down 0.1 every 40 epochs after the first 80 epochs. Weights in Norm-FC are randomly initialized, and then fixed during training. Each weight becomes a prototype vector by class, and therefore, random initialization may be sufficient to characterize each class. We also found that these fixed weights can avoid training loss fluctuations and lead to the model’s fast convergence. We used four data augmentation techniques: resized crop, horizontal flip, color jitter, and grayscale. Hyper-parameter λ for consistency preserving loss (Lcp) is set to 1. Temperatures for both stages (i.e., τ and τc) are set to 0.1. This choice is similar to previous studies [3,5]. The auxiliary clustering step in the original IIC model [4] was omitted to keep the number of clusters identical. In the case of STL-10, which includes both unlabeled and labeled images, we used the full dataset for training Stage 1’s encoder and used the labeled images in Stage 2.
Super-reduced mineral assemblages in “ophiolitic” chromitites and peridotites: the view from Mount Carmel

Ultrahigh-pressure ( UHP ) materials ( e.g. , diamond, high-pressure polymorph of chromite) and super-reduced (SuR) phases ( e.g. , carbides, nitrides, silicides and native metals) have been identified in chromitites and peridotites of the Tibetan and Polar-Urals ophiolites. These unusual assemblages suggest previously unrecognized fluid- or melt-related processes in the Earth’s mantle. However, the origin of the SuR phases, and in particular their relationships with the UHP materials in the ophiolites, are still enigmatic. Studies of a recently recognized SuR mineral system from Cretaceous volcanics on Mt Carmel, Israel, suggest an alternative genesis for the ophiolitic SuR phases. The Mt Carmel SuR mineral system (associated with Ti-rich corundum xenocrysts) appears to reflect the local interaction of mantle-derived CH 4 ± H 2 fluids with basaltic magmas in the shallow lithosphere (depths of ∼30–100 km). These interactions produced desilication of the magma, supersaturation in Al 2 O 3 leading to rapid growth of corundum, and phase assemblages requiring local oxygen fugacity ( f O 2 ) gradually dropping to ∼11 log units below the iron–wustite (IW) buffer. The strong similarities between this system and the SuR phases and associated Ti-rich corundum in the Tibetan and Polar-Urals ophiolites suggest that the ophiolitic SuR suite probably formed by local influx of CH 4 ± H 2 fluids within previously subducted peridotites (and included chromitites) during their rapid exhumation from the deep upper mantle to lithospheric levels. In the final stages of their ascent, the recycled peridotites and chromitites were overprinted by a shallow magmatic system similar to that observed at Mt Carmel, producing most of the SuR phases and eventually preserving them within the Tibetan and Polar-Urals ophiolites.
The retracked sea levels from SARAL/AltiKA satellite altimetry: the case study around the strait of Malacca and the South China Sea

This paper examines the quality of retracked sea surface heights (SSHs) from SARAL/AltiKa satellite altimetry over the Strait of Malacca and the South China Sea. The SSHs are retrieved from retracked SSHs taken by MLE-4, Ice-1 and Ice-2 retrackers which is provided in the Sensor Geophysical Data Records that has been optimized for coastal oceans. Based on the analysis of data availability, SARAL/AltiKa data coverage is excellent beyond 5 km from the coastline after removing the outliers, which can provide ≥82% of data for both regions. However, this value is somewhat lower when they are close to the coast due to the impact of land and coastal sea states to the altimetric signals. The Ice-1 retracker appears superior in providing SSHs data for the regions when compared to those of the Ice-2 and MLE-4 retrackers. In comparison with geoid height, the Improvement of Percentage (IMP) of Ice-1 retracker (35%) is higher when compared to Ice-2 retracker (27%) over the Strait of Malacca. In contrast, over the South China Sea, Ice-2 retracker has higher IMP (43%) than those of Ice-1 retracker (39%). Comparison with tide gauge stations indicates that the retracked SSHs from Ice-1 retracker are more accurate than the other retrackers.
Fundamental Limitations of Disturbance Attenuation in the Presence of Side Information

In this paper, we study fundamental limitations of disturbance attenuation of feedback systems, under the assumption that the controller has a finite horizon preview of the disturbance. In contrast with prior work, we extend Bode’s integral equation for the case where the preview is made available to the controller via a general, finite capacity, communication system. Under asymptotic stationarity assumptions, our results show that the new fundamental limitation differs from Bode’s only by a constant, which quantifies the information rate through the communication system. In the absence of stationarity, we derive a universal lower bound which uses entropy rates as a measure of performance.
Temporal Evolution of Ion Spectral Structures During a Geomagnetic Storm: Observations and Modeling

Using the Van Allen Probes/Helium, Oxygen, Proton, and Electron mass spectrometer, we perform a case study of the temporal evolution of ion spectral structures observed in the energy range of 1 to ~50 keV throughout the geomagnetic storm of 2 October 2013. The ion spectral features are observed near the inner edge of the plasma sheet and are signatures of fresh transport from the plasma sheet into the inner magnetosphere. We find that the characteristics of the ion structures are determined by the intensity of the convection electric field. Prior to the beginning of the storm, the plasma sheet inner edge exhibits narrow nose spectral structures that vary little in energy across L values. Ion access to the inner magnetosphere during these times is limited to the nose energy bands. As convection is enhanced and large amounts of plasma are injected from the plasma sheet during the main phase of the storm, ion access occurs at a wide energy range, as no nose structures are observed. As the magnetosphere recovers from the storm, single noses and then multiple noses are observed once again. We use a model of ion drift and losses due to charge exchange to simulate the ion spectra and gain insight into the main observed features.
Retrieval , alignment , and clustering of computational models based on semantic annotations Appendix

In this supplementary appendix, we first describe the libSBAnnotation, a system for interconnecting and exploiting information from various biological databases. The information is stored in an ontology and can be used to compute semantic similarities between Biological Concepts, model elements, and entire models. We develop a number of similarity measures and discuss how the statistic significance of the model similarities can be assessed. The similarity measures are evaluated with benchmark models representing predefined categories, which serve as a gold standard. As an application, we align kinetic models to a large metabolic network.
The Scientific Series fulfils one of the missions of CIRANO : to develop the scientific analysis of organizations and strategic behaviour

CIRANO Le CIRANO est une corporation privée à but non lucratif constituée en vertu de la Loi des compagnies du Québec. Le financement de son infrastructure et de ses activités de recherche provient des cotisations de ses organisations-membres, d=une subvention d=infrastructure du ministère de l=Industrie, du Commerce, de la Science et de la Technologie, de même que des subventions et mandats obtenus par ses équipes de recherche. La Série Scientifique est la réalisation d=une des missions que s=est données le CIRANO, soit de développer l=analyse scientifique des organisations et des comportements stratégiques. CIRANO is a private non-profit organization incorporated under the Québec Companies Act. Its infrastructure and research activities are funded through fees paid by member organizations, an infrastructure grant from the Ministère de l=Industrie, du Commerce, de la Science et de la Technologie, and grants and research mandates obtained by its research teams. The Scientific Series fulfils one of the missions of CIRANO: to develop the scientific analysis of organizations and strategic behaviour. Ce document est publié dans l=intention de rendre accessibles les résultats préliminaires de la recherche effectuée au CIRANO, afin de susciter des échanges et des suggestions. Les idées et les opinions émises sont sous l=unique responsabilité des auteurs, et ne représentent pas nécessairement les positions du CIRANO ou de ses partenaires. This paper presents preliminary research carried out at CIRANO and aims to encourage discussion and comment. The observations and viewpoints expressed are the sole responsibility of the authors. They do not necessarily represent positions of CIRANO or its partners. I thank Thomas Lemieux and David Margolis for their enduring support and rich input all through this project. Nous utilisons des données américaines provenant du National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) pour examiner l'effet de la formation sur le tas par rapport à la mobilité observée des jeunes travailleurs américains. Des modèles de durée paramétriques nous permettent d'évaluer l'impact économique de la formation sur le temps productif passé avec un employeur. Nos résultats sont cohérents avec la plupart des études précédentes, qui trouvaient un impact positif et significatif. Cependant, la durée de la relation de travail nette du temps passé en formation n'augmente pas de manière significative. Nous procédons par la suite à l'analyse de la mobilité intrasectorielle et intersectorielle afin d'inférer par rapport à la spécificité du capital humain acquis par la formation, soit le capital humain spécifique à la firme, soit spécifique à l'industrie, …
Gamification: Feature-Rich Mobile Applications, Brand Awareness And Loyalty

Mobile applications (apps) take advantage of gamification features to increase users’ brand equity in terms of brand awareness and loyalty. Previous research has shown that individuals use three types of gamification features: immersion-, achievementand social-related features. We base on that knowledge and provide empirical insights into how the use frequency of these three types of gamification features relates to high brand equity. We base on a quantitative study of 150 users of the mobile app Duolingo, apply a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and suggest three ways how the frequency of using the three types of gamification features relates to high brand equity. The results show that there is one way in which the user frequently uses two types of features and there are two ways in which the user uses one type feature frequently and uses a second type of feature seldom. We contribute to gamification literature by revealing that there is an interplay of the three types of gamification features and to mobile app research by showing how gamification features relate to high brand equity. We also guide practitioners on how to identify users at risk to discontinue and reduce the customer churn.
Expression of neutral sphingomyelinase‐2 (NSMase‐2) in primary rat hepatocytes modulates IL‐β‐induced JNK activation

Neutral sphingomyelinase (NSMase) has been proposed to mediate interleukin (IL)‐1β signaling in liver. In this paper, we used adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer to inducibly express FLAG‐tagged mouse NSMase‐2 in primary rat hepatocytes in order to further elucidate the molecular nature of the NSMase involved. Initial studies confirmed that the EST clone used in these experiments encoded a Mg2+‐dependent NSMase. The in vitro activity of the heterologously expressed enzyme was inhibited in the presence of 0.5% Triton or 50 mM EDTA. In addition, the expression of this NSMase‐2 clone in primary hepatocytes led to increased cellular levels of ceramide, indicating that the enzyme is active in situ. Immunofluorescence studies in Hep G2 cells infected with NSMase‐2 expressing adenoviruses showed that the FLAG‐tagged NSMase‐2 was localized to the plasma membrane. Cell viability remained unchanged 72 h following infection and induction. The effect of NSMase‐2 expression on IL‐1β‐induced activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) was tested. Expression of NSMase‐2 increased JNK phosphorylation between 1.5‐ and 2‐fold over the basal level. Furthermore, NSMase‐2 was found to strongly increase the ability of IL‐1β to phosphorylate JNK. This potentiation was mediated by a phosphatase from the PP2A family, possibly by modulating the phosphorylation pattern of IL‐1β receptor‐associated kinase (IRAK). In conclusion, the data presented suggest that NSMase‐2 could be involved in IL‐1β‐induced JNK activation in hepatocytes.