Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of physiotherapy students’ perception about blended learning with online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed method of study

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected face-to-face teaching across the globe. The sudden shift in learning methods has impacted learning experiences significantly. Students' perception about online compared to blended learning might affect learning. The objective of this study was to evaluate physiotherapy students' perception of blended compared to online learning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This mixed-method study documents physiotherapy students' perception about the courses delivered through blended learning (BL) mode during the COVID-19 pandemic. Physiotherapy graduates and postgraduate students who completed their evidence-based physiotherapy practice courses at Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai (N = 68) participated in this study. The participants' perceived experience about synchronous online mode and BL during the pandemic was assessed using a questionnaire and focus group discussion. RESULTS: All the participants felt that the course outcomes were met and that they gained knowledge and skills in evidence-based practice. Most of the students (93%) recommended a blended mode of learning compared to online learning alone. Thematic analysis of the focus group discussion (FGD) identified enhanced learning experience, collaborative learning as enablers to BL, and availability of gadgets and quality of online contents as barriers. CONCLUSION: Participants showed par preference for blended learning over online learning as it provided flexibility and facilitated active learning compared to online learning alone.
A moving-mesh hydrodynamic solver for ChaNGa

We describe the structure and implementation of a moving-mesh hydrodynamics solver in the large-scale parallel code, Charm N-body GrAvity solver (ChaNGa). While largely based on the algorithm described by Springel (2010) that is implemented in AREPO, our algorithm differs a few aspects. We describe our use of the Voronoi tessellation library, VORO++, to compute the Voronoi tessellation directly. We also incorporate some recent advances in gradient estimation and reconstruction that gives better accuracy in hydrodynamic solutions at minimal computational cost. We validate this module with a small battery of test problems against the smooth particle hydrodynamics solver included in ChaNGa. Finally, we study one example of a scientific problem involving the mergers of two main sequence stars and highlight the small quantitative differences between smooth particle and moving-mesh hydrodynamics. We close with a discussion of anticipated future improvements and advancements.
Tachyons, Boundary Interactions, and the Genus Expansion in String Theory

This thesis examines the interaction of both bosonic and superstrings with various backgrounds with a view to understanding the interplay between tachyon condensation and world-sheet conformal invariance, and to understanding the overlap of d-branes and closed string modes. We develop the boundary state and show that in a background of interest to tachyon condensation the conformal invariance of the string world-sheet is broken, which suggests a generalized boundary state obtained by integrating over the conformal group of the disk. We find that this prescription reproduces particle emission amplitudes calculated from the string sigma model for both on- and off-shell boundary interactions. The boundary state appears as a coherent superposition of closed string states, and using this observation a proposal for calculating amplitudes beyond tree level is developed. The application of this technique to more general, time dependent backgrounds is also discussed.
Towards the theory of reheating after inflation

Reheating after inflation occurs due to particle production by the oscillating inflaton field. In this paper we describe the perturbative approach to reheating, and then concentrate on effects beyond the perturbation theory. They are related to the stage of parametric resonance called preheating. It may occur in an expanding universe if the initial amplitude of oscillations of the inflaton field is large enough. We investigate a simple model of a massive inflaton field coupled to another scalar field X. Parametric resonance in this model is very broad. It occurs in a very unusual stochastic manner, which is different from the parametric resonance in the case when the expansion of the universe is neglected. Quantum fields interacting with the oscillating inflaton field experience a series of kicks which occur with phases uncorrelated to each other. We call this process stochastic resonance. We develop the theory of preheating taking into account the expansion of the universe and backreaction of produced particles, including the effects of rescattering. The process of preheating can be divided into several distinct stages. At the first stage the backreaction of created particles is not important. At the second stage backreaction increases the frequency of oscillations of the inflaton field, which makes the process even more efficient than before. Then the effects related to scattering of X-particles terminate the resonance. We calculate the density of X-particles and their quantum fluctuations with all backreaction effects taken into account. This allows us to find the range of masses and coupling constants for which one has efficient preheating. In particular, under certain conditions this process may produce particles with a mass much greater than the mass of the inflaton field.
Scattering mechanisms and electronic behavior in transparent conducting ZnxIn2Ox+3 indium-zinc oxide thin films

Thin films of ZnxIn2Ox+3 (x=2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15) were grown by pulsed laser deposition and their electronic properties characterized. Through resistivity, Hall mobility and carrier concentration measurements as a function of temperature, we found that whatever the composition, these films behave as n-type degenerate semiconductors exhibiting a metal-like behavior. Transport properties are driven by two types of electronic scattering, namely ionized impurities (oxygen vacancies) at low temperature and optical phonons at high temperature. Modeling of optical transmittance spectra in the visible-infrared region yields two different trends among the different compositions: for (x=2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9) values the electronic behavior can be described by applying the single Drude model on a plasma of nearly free carriers, whereas for zinc-rich (x=11, 13, and 15) compounds a supplementary Lorentz oscillator is necessary to simulate the spectroscopic data, revealing the presence of bound optically act.
! AudioSignal Server : Metatone Classifier Touch Data Identified Gesture “ New Idea ”

We present and evaluate a novel interface for tracking ensemble performances on touch-screens. The system uses a Random Forest classifier to extract touch-screen gestures and transition matrix statistics. It analyses the resulting gesture-state sequences across an ensemble of performers. A series of specially designed iPad apps respond to this real-time analysis of free-form gestural performances with calculated modifications to their musical interfaces. We describe our system and evaluate it through cross-validation and profiling as well as concert experience.
Braneworld tensor anisotropies in the CMB

Cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations provide in principle a high-precision test of models which are motivated by M theory. We set out the framework of a program to compute the tensor anisotropies in the CMB that are generated in braneworld models. In the simplest approximation, we show the braneworld imprint as a correction to the power spectra for standard temperature and polarization anisotropies.
Grammaticalization: A Conceptual Framework

Grammaticalization, the process of converting regular lexical items and structures into conventionally interpreted grammatical morphemes, has traditionally been perceived as a syntactic or morphological process. Presenting a wealth of evidence from African languages, the authors argue that the development of grammatical categories is in fact strongly influenced by pragmatic and cognitive forces, factors that are located outside the confines of language structure. They discuss previous models and relate grammaticalization studies to alternative approaches such as localism and natural grammar theory. This volume challenges theories which describe language as a static system, as well as those which assume that linguistic categorization is based on discrete morpheme types, word classes, or sentence constituents. In contrast, the book's central argument is that both language structure and language use are dynamic phenomena and that linguistic behavior is essentially a creative activity. That creativity manifests itself, for example, in conceptual transfer leading to the encoding of more abstract concepts and of grammatical categories. Another key element of this theory is captured in the term "grammaticalization chain," which refers to a specific kind of linguistic category which cuts across morpheme types and word classes and has both a synchronic and diachronic dimension.
The Herschel-PACS Legacy of Low-mass Protostars: The Properties of Warm and Hot Gas Components and Their Origin in Far-UV Illuminated Shocks

Recent observations from Herschel allow the identification of important mechanisms responsible both for the heating of the gas that surrounds low-mass protostars and for its subsequent cooling in the far-infrared. Shocks are routinely invoked to reproduce some properties of the far-IR spectra, but standard models fail to reproduce the emission from key molecules, e.g., H2O. Here, we present the Herschel Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) far-IR spectroscopy of 90 embedded low-mass protostars (Class 0/I). The Herschel-PACS spectral maps, covering ∼55–210 μm with a field of view of ∼50″, are used to quantify the gas excitation conditions and spatial extent using rotational transitions of H2O, high-J CO, and OH, as well as [O i] and [C ii]. We confirm that a warm (∼300 K) CO reservoir is ubiquitous and that a hotter component (760 ± 170 K) is frequently detected around protostars. The line emission is extended beyond ∼1000 au spatial scales in 40/90 objects, typically in molecular tracers in Class 0 and atomic tracers in Class I objects. High-velocity emission (≳90 km s−1) is detected in only 10 sources in the [O i] line, suggesting that the bulk of [O i] arises from gas that is moving slower than typical jets. Line flux ratios show an excellent agreement with models of C-shocks illuminated by ultraviolet (UV) photons for pre-shock densities of ∼105 cm−3 and UV fields 0.1–10 times the interstellar value. The far-IR molecular and atomic lines are a unique diagnostic of feedback from UV emission and shocks in envelopes of deeply embedded protostars.
Resolving CO (2−1) in z ∼ 1.6 Gas-rich Cluster Galaxies with ALMA: Rotating Molecular Gas Disks with Possible Signatures of Gas Stripping

We present the first spatially resolved observations of molecular gas in a sample of cluster galaxies beyond z > 0.1. Using ALMA, we detect CO (2–1) in eight z ∼ 1.6 cluster galaxies, all within a single 70″ primary beam. The cluster, SpARCS-J0225, was discovered by the Spitzer Adaptation of the Red-sequence Cluster Survey, and is replete with gas-rich galaxies in close proximity, thus affording an efficient multiplexing strategy to amass the first sample of resolved CO in distant clusters. Mapping out the kinematic structure and morphology of molecular gas on ∼3.5 kpc scales reveals rotating gas disks in the majority of the galaxies, and some kinematic peculiarities, including a central gas void, a merger, and one-sided gas tails. We find that the extent of the molecular gas is slightly smaller than that of the optical HST stellar component; this is even more pronounced in low-redshift Virgo cluster galaxies. However, limited by small sample sizes of spatially resolved CO, we are unable to differentiate the distribution of stellar-to-gas radii between cluster and field environments at high redshift. Thus, at first glance, while the cluster galaxies generally look like galaxies infalling from the field, with typical main-sequence star formation rates and massive molecular gas reservoirs situated in rotating disks, they have potentially remarkable attributes, including elevated gas fractions, slightly smaller CO disks, and asymmetric gas tails. Taken in tandem, these signatures are tentative evidence for gas stripping in the z ∼ 1.6 cluster, though verification of these trends will require larger samples.
Microscale nuclear magnetic resonance gradient chip

We propose a design, micro fabrication process, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based evaluation, of a magnetic field gradient chip. The uni-axial linear z-gradient coil design was computed by a stream-function method, with the optimisation goal to exhibit minimum power dissipation. The gradient coils were implemented on two bi-planes, which were built-up with Cu electroplating in combination with photo definable dry-film laminates. In the presented fabrication process, the initial seed layer served as a self-aligning back-side mask to define the electroplating mould, and also to implement resistive temperature detectors. The coil design and the electroplating process were tailored to enhance the electroplated height to construct low-resistive coils. Thermographic imaging in combination with the integrated temperature sensors allowed for investigating the heat-up, in order to analyse the current rating of the coil dual stack. The gradient coil was assembled with a radio frequency micro coil in a flip-chip configuration. To demonstrate the field linearity, a micro-engineered phantom was fabricated and subjected to a one-dimensional NMR experiment.
Beryllium-10 production in gaseous protoplanetary disks and implications for the astrophysical setting of refractory inclusions

Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), the oldest known solids of the solar system, show evidence for the past presence of short-lived radionuclide beryllium-10, which was likely produced by spallation during protosolar flares. While such 10Be production has hitherto been modeled at the inner edge of the protoplanetary disk, I calculate here that spallation at the disk surface may reproduce the measured 10Be/9Be ratios at larger heliocentric distances. Beryllium-10 production in the gas prior to CAI formation would dominate that in the solid. Interestingly, provided the Sun’s proton to X-ray output ratio does not decrease strongly, 10Be/9Be at the CAI condensation front would increase with time, explaining the reduced values in a (presumably early) generation of CAIs with nucleosynthetic anomalies. CAIs thus need not have formed very close to the Sun and may have condensed at 0.1–1 AU where sufficiently high temperatures originally prevailed.
Elementary Student Conceptual Change About Free Fall Using Reflective Conceptual Change Model

Students and even teachers, particularly in elementary schools, continue to have misconceptions about free fall. When using traditional learning methods, it is difficult to change these misconceptions. The purpose of this article is to reconstruct elementary school students' conceptions using a reflective conceptual change model (RCCM) aided by visual multimedia. The research design is quasi-experimental. The participants in this study were grade 4 elementary school students, 20 of whom were female and 10 of whom were male. A four-tiered test and an observation sheet were used as research instruments. Using data analysis, the findings revealed that all students had a new perspective on free fall. Male students improved their conceptual revisions better than female students. There are 90% of male students experiencing a conceptual change from misconception to scientific conception, compared to 15% of female students. RCCM assisted by visual multimedia can improve students' conception to a higher level
Oscillator Strengths for Ultraviolet Transitions in P II

We report lifetimes, branching fractions, and the resulting oscillator strengths for transitions within the P II multiplet (3s23p2 3P-3s23p4s 3Po) at 1154 Å. These beam-foil measurements represent the most comprehensive and precise set currently available experimentally. Comparison with earlier experimental and theoretical results is very good. Since Morton's most recent compilation is based on the earlier body of results, phosphorus abundances for interstellar material in our Galaxy and beyond derived from λ1154 do not require any revision.
GaN-Based Light Emitting Diodes with Tunnel Junctions

We have demonstrated hole injection through a tunnel junction embedded in the GaN-based light emitting diode structure. The tunnel junction consists of 30 nm GaN:Si++ and 15 nm InGaN:Mg++ grown on a GaN–InGaN quantum well heterostructure. The forward voltage of the light emitting diode, including the voltage drop across the reverse-biased tunnel junction, is 4.1 V at 50 A/cm2, while that of a standard light emitting diode with a conventional contact structure is 3.5 V. The light output of the diode with the tunnel junction is comparable to that of the standard device. This tunnel junction eliminates the need for a highly resistive p-AlGaN cladding layer in short-wavelength laser diodes and the semi-transparent electrode required for current spreading in conventional GaN-based light emitting diodes.
Structural and dielectric properties of Ga-modified BiFeO3–PbTiO3 crystalline solutions

The dielectric and structural properties of Bi(GaxFe1−x)O3–PbTiO3 (BGF–PT) crystalline solutions have been investigated. Studies have focused on phase-pure perovskite materials. With increasing Ga content, we have found: (i) a coexistence of tetragonal and rhombohedral ferroelectric phases; (ii) a multicell perovskite structure for BGF–0.3PT; and (iii) a maximum tetragonal c/a ratio for the composition BGF–0.6PT with x=0.25. Also, Ga modification increases the electrical resistivity to ⩾1012 Ω cm, reduces the dielectric loss or tan δ over a wide temperature range, and increases the dielectric constant K. We have developed BGF–PT materials with values of K>400 and of tan δ<0.03.
C‐sortable words as green mutation sequences

Let Q be an acyclic quiver and s be a sequence with elements in the vertex set Q0 . We describe an induced sequence of simple (backward) tilting in the bounded derived category D(Q) , starting from the standard heart HQ=modkQ and ending at another heart Hs in D(Q) . Then we show that s is a green mutation sequence if and only if every heart in this simple tilting sequence is greater than or equal to HQ[−1] ; it is maximal if and only if Hs=HQ[−1] . This provides a categorical way to understand green mutations. Further, fix a Coxeter element c in the Coxeter group WQ of Q , which is admissible with respect to the orientation of Q . We prove that the sequence w˜ induced by a c ‐sortable word w is a green mutation sequence. As a consequence, we obtain a bijection between c ‐sortable words and finite torsion classes in HQ . As byproducts, the interpretations of inversions, descents and cover reflections of a c ‐sortable word w are given in terms of the combinatorics of green mutations.
The radio source population at high frequency: follow-up of the 15-GHz 9C survey

We have carried out extensive radio and optical follow-up of 176 sources from the 15GHz 9th Cambridge survey. Optical identifications have been found for 155 of the radio sources; optical images are given with radio maps overlaid. The continuum radio spectrum of each source spanning the frequency range 1.4 - 43GHz is also given. Two flux-limited samples are defined, one containing 124 sources complete to 25mJy and one of 70 sources complete to 60mJy. Between one fifth and one quarter of sources from these flux-limited samples display convex radio spectra, rising between 1.4 and 4.8GHz. These rising-spectrum sources make up a much larger fraction of the radio source population at this high selection frequency than in lower frequency surveys. We find that by using non-simultaneous survey flux density measurements at 1.4 and 15GHz to remove steep spectrum objects, the efficiency of s
X-Ray Spectral Variability during an Outburst in V1118 Ori

We present results from a multiwavelength campaign to monitor the 2005 outburst of the low-mass young star V1118 Ori. Although our campaign covers the X-ray, optical, infrared, and radio regimes, we focus in this Letter on the properties of the X-ray emission in V1118 Ori during the first few months after the optical outburst. Chandra and XMM-Newton detected V1118 Ori at three epochs in early 2005. The X-ray flux and luminosity stayed similar within a factor of 2 and at the same level as in a preoutburst observation in 2002. The hydrogen column density showed no evidence for variation from its modest preoutburst value of NH ~ 3 × 1021 cm-2. However, a spectral change occurred from a dominant hot plasma (~25 MK) in 2002 and in 2005 January to a cooler plasma (~8 MK) in 2005 February and in 2005 March. We hypothesize that the hot magnetic loops high in the corona were disrupted by the closing in of the accretion disk due to the increased accretion rate during the outburst, whereas the lower cooler loops were probably less affected and became the dominant coronal component.
Scope Relations of QP’s and Scrambling in the Acquisition of Japanese

In this paper, I investigate children’s acquisition of scope relations of QP’s in Japanese and point out its implications for the variation of scope relations of QP’s and for whether A-chains are available at the early stages of child language acquisition. I will show that the acquisition of scope relations of QP’s in Japanese does not obey the Subset Principle (Berwick 1985, Wexler and Manzini 1987) and suggest that the acquisition of scope relations of QP’s is lexical. I will also show that clause-internal scrambling does not change the scope relation of QP’s in early child Japanese, and speculate that A-chain formation in clause-internal scrambling undergoes maturation.
Topological Semimetals in Square-Net Materials

Many materials crystallize in structure types that feature a square net of atoms. While these compounds can exhibit many different properties, some members of this family are topological materials. Within the square-net-based topological materials, the observed properties are rich, ranging, for example, from nodal-line semimetals to a bulk half-integer quantum Hall effect. Hence, the potential for guided design of topological properties is enormous. Here we provide an overview of the crystallographic and electronic properties of these phases and show how they are linked, with the goal of understanding which square-net materials can be topological, and predict additional examples. We close the review by discussing the experimentally observed electronic properties in this family.