Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
S'acclimater à des salinités et températures changeantes : un focus sur la branchie chez le loup européen Dicentrarchus labrax

The European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax undertakes seasonal migrations to estuaries and lagoons that are characterized by fluctuations in environmental conditions. It is unclear to what extent salinity acclimation mechanisms are affected at temperatures higher than in the sea, as usually encountered in transitional waters in spring and summer. In this study, juvenile sea bass were pre-acclimated to seawater (SW) at 18 °C (temperate) or 24 °C (warm) for two weeks and then transferred to either fresh water (FW) or SW at the considered temperatures. We have shown that sea bass are able to efficiently maintain blood osmolality at 24 °C at both salinities. However, temperature increase induced significant changes regarding several physiological traits related to osmoregulation, acid-base regulation, ammonia excretion and mucus production. This study showed that thermal acclimation at 24 °C affects gill morphology through gill remodeling and whole-organism ion balance. Plasma Na+ levels seemed to be particularly affected leading to decreased plasma Na+/Cl- ratio in warm conditions, suggesting a blood acidosis. Following FW transfer, the major effects observed were a lower increase in the density of branchial ionocytes and in Na+/K+-ATPase activity at 24 °C compared to 18 °C. Moreover, several key ion transporters involved in ion uptake were not transcriptionally induced following FW transfer at 24 °C. These data suggest a less effective capacity to switch from hypo-to hyper-osmoregulation after FW transfer when fish are exposed to higher temperature. At the molecular level, the temperature increase affected the expression of several branchial transporters, notably in SW. At 24 °C, higher expression of transporters linked to H+ transport might be linked to an acid-base imbalance. Moreover, the induction of ammonia-transporting channels might also indicate increased need for nitrogen excretion, potentially due to enhanced metabolism in warm conditions. Molecular chaperones HSP90 expression was strongly affected by temperature increase and to a lesser extent by salinity decrease. Finally, gill goblet cells analysis suggested that mucus production is increased in response to thermal stress. This study and additional functional studies investigating different temperature regimes provide insights on the effect of increased temperatures on fish responses and may help to predict how teleost will face the consequences of global change.
Determination of Sulfate Concentration in Soil: Depth of Sampling

To diagnose sulfur (S) deficiency, methodologies based on soil sample analysis and simulation models have been used, all of which require determination of S availability. The objective was to evaluate the possibility of estimating sulfate concentration up to 60 cm deep, using values from soils 0–20 or 0–40 cm deep as predictive variables. A set of data from 22 fertilization experiments on winter and summer crops was used. For wheat, a close association (P < 0.0001) was determined between sulfate concentrations 0–20 and 0–60 cm deep (r2 = 0.88). When the sulfate concentration at 0–40 cm deep was used as predictive variable, the model r2 increased to 0.97. Similar results were obtained for summer crops (r2 = 0.68 and 0.94 for 0–20 and 0–40, respectively). The integration of all 22 experiments showed two linear models (P < 0.0001) to estimate sulfate concentration up to 60 cm deep (r2 = 0.79 and 0.95 for 0–20 and 0–40, respectively). These results help to simplify soil sampling and would enable more use of S diagnostic methods by producers.
STUDIES OF THE DISSOCIATION OF OXIDE SURFACES AT THE LIQUID–SOLID INTERFACE

The dissociation of surface hydroxyl groups of crystalline SiO2, ZrO2, and ThO2, in aqueous suspensions, has been studied as a function of pHs at different ionic strengths of KNO3. The surface groups of quartz dissociate as weak acids, while those of ZrO2 and ThO2 dissociate amphoterically. A reversible double layer is formed at the oxide–solution interface, and H+ and OH− function as the potential-determining ions. Quantitative data have been obtained on (a) surface charge densities, (b) zero point of charge, (c) differential capacities of the double layer on quartz and ZrO2, and (d) the effect of surface charge density and ionic strength on the interfacial tension. The differential capacities indicate specific adsorption of NO3−on ZrO2 and ThO2 while NO3− has zero affinity for quartz surfaces. At low negative charge densities, solvated K+ are adsorbed on quartz and ZrO2 through coulombic interactions while at pHs > 10 specific adsorption of K+ predominates. ThO2 appears to exhibit a greater tendency for.
Bivalent defect configurations in inhomogeneous nematic shells

We present a theoretical study of the director fields and energetics of nematic liquid crystal shells with two pairs of surface defects. The pairs of defects can undergo abrupt transitions from a configuration of maximum separation to a state in which the defects are confined to the thinner hemisphere. We construct a phase diagram that maps out the stability and coexistence of these two configurations as a function of shell thickness and thickness inhomogeneity. Our results compare favourably with the experimentally observed transitions in nematic double emulsion droplets and explain their hysteretic character.
X-ray powder diffraction analysis of two new magnesium selenate hydrates, MgSeO4·9H2O and MgSeO4·11H2O

Several hitherto unknown hydrates of magnesium selenate have been formed by quenching aqueous solutions of MgSeO4 in liquid nitrogen. MgSeO4·11H2O is apparently isostructural with the mineral meridianiite (MgSO4·11H2O), being triclinic, $P{\rm \bar 1}$ , Z = 2, with unit-cell parameters a = 6.779 00(8) Å, b = 6.965 16(9) Å, c = 17.4934(2) Å, α = 87.713(1)°, β = 89.222(1)°, γ = 63.121(1)°, and V = 736.15(1) Å3 at −25 °C. MgSeO4·9H2O represents a new hydration state in the MgSeO4–H2O system; it is monoclinic, space-group P21 /c, Z = 4, with unit-cell parameters a = 7.270 24(6) Å, b = 10.510 94(9) Å, c = 17.4030(2) Å, β = 109.447(1)°, and V = 1254.02(1) Å3 at −22 °C. The heavy-atom structure of MgSeO4·9H2O has been determined by direct-space methods from X-ray powder diffraction data and consists of isolated Mg(H2O)6 2+ octahedra and SeO4 2− tetrahedra linked by hydrogen bonds. The remaining three water molecules occupy the space between the polyhedral ions, contributing to the H-bonded network, which comprises 4-, 5-, and 6-membered rings. A third phase has been observed to crystallise prior to the 11-hydrate upon warming of liquid-nitrogen-quenched glass, but this transforms rapidly to the meridianiite-structured 11-hydrate and the identity of this phase is unclear.
Explaining and mapping total phosphorus content in French topsoils

Total phosphorus (TP) build‐up in agricultural soils represents both a threat to aquatic ecosystems and a valuable resource for future crop production, given the context of increasing food demand combined with the rapid depletion of the world's phosphate reserves. Therefore, it is crucially important (i) to identify the main factors controlling topsoil TP and (ii) to develop methods for mapping its spatial distribution. Multiple linear regression models were used with two distinct approaches to calculate TP and covariates linked to the P cycle. Firstly, covariates were selected from the Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols database, the French soil monitoring network, which consists of soil samples collected from 2158 sites on a 16‐km regular grid. Secondly, covariates were selected to map TP from spatially exhaustive datasets in France. The first approach explains 80% of variability in topsoil TP. The variables selected are linked to the autochthonous origin of P (parent material), to allochthonous origin (organic carbon and nitrogen contents) and to the retention capacity of soil (Al, Fe, Ca and clay contents). The predicted map obtained from the second approach provides a mean TP of 0.76 g/kg. This study demonstrates that creating national scale maps of TP, based on detailed soil sampling and many variables, is feasible and can be used to model the P cycle and P transfer processes. Such maps can be used in P erosion and transfer models over river basins, and therefore to predict P exports to surface waters.
Multiphase flow in a confined geometry with Dissipative Particle Dynamics

The research presented in this thesis is focused on the modelling of multiphase flow in a confined geometry with Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD). DPD is a particle-based mesoscopic simulation technique that obeys the Navier-Stokes equations and is particularly useful to model complex fluids and phase behaviour under flow conditions. However, before DPD could actually be used for the modelling of multiphase flow problems, further development of the technique was needed. To this end, new methods are introduced and validated in the first part of the thesis that make it possible to correctly model solid boundaries in the continuum limit and handle fluids of different viscosity in one system. Then, in the second part of the thesis, the upgraded DPD technique is employed to model the mixing of two fluids in a lid-driven cavity with and without surfactants. The simulation results show that the DPD technique can solve real fluid dynamics problems and demonstrate the ability of the technique to study the dynamics of interfaces and behaviour of surfactants in multiphase flows.
Development of a solid-phase extraction method followed by HPLC-UV detection for the determination of phenols in water.

A gradient HPLC-UV method for the determination of phenol and 10 of its derivatives was developed. Optimization studies were performed on parameters such as pH, solvents ratio, column temperature, sample volume, run time and flow rate. Calibration experiments were tested for linearity and reproducibility. Milli-Q water (HPLC water) was spiked with phenols’ standard solutions for recovery studies using solid-phase extraction (SPE) for analytes enrichment. The total run time was 20 min; the coefficient of determination, R 2 was > 0.99 for all analytes; mean percentage recovery ranged between 67.9±7.28 and 99.6±4.26. Detection limits ranged from 0.51 to 13.79 µg/ml while reproducibility expressed by the coefficient of variation of triplicate extractions was less than 12% for the 11 analytes. Two of the analytes, 2-chlorophenol and 2, 4-dichlorophenol were detected in some drinking water samples analysed.
Properties of Tyre Dust-Filled Low Density Polyethylene Composites: The Effect of Phthalic Anhydride

The effect of phthalic anhydride as a new coupling agent on the properties of low density polyethylene/tyre dust (LDPE/TD) composites was studied. LDPE/TD composites with different tyre dust filler loading and the addition of phthalic anhydride were prepared with Z-blade mixer. The result indicated that LDPE/TDM composites with phthalic anhydride show higher tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, thermal stability and swelling resistance than LDPE/TD composites. The interfacial adhesion between LDPE and TD was improved with the addition of phthalic anhydride as evidenced by the morphological study.
Evaluation of production and economic feasibility of using the recommended nutrient requirement for lactating cows.

4 Abstract: An experiment was carried out to evaluate production and economic feasibility of using the recommended nutrient requirements for lactating cows in small scale dairy farms in Khartoum state. The study consisted of two parts; a survey of 90 dairy farms in Khartoum State and an experiment carried out on 16 lactating dairy cows in the Judiciary farm. These cows were divided into two groups: A and B (8 cows in each group). Group A was distributed in eight pens and given balanced ration, whereas group B was fed as practiced in the farm. The experiment lasted for seven months extending from January to July 2007. The survey results revealed that the balanced ration costs were only 23, 38 and 55% of unbalanced ration at 10, 15 and 20 lbs level of milk production respectively. The results of the experiment revealed that the use of balanced ration increased the cow milk production by 27% compared with the unbalanced ration. The four months milk yield of cows fed balanced and unbalanced ration were significantly different (P<0.05). The mean cost of four months milk production for cows fed balanced ration was significantly (P<0.05) lower than these fed unbalanced ration, being 435 and 578 SDG, respectively. The mean cost of production per pound of milk for cows fed balanced ration was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the cows fed unbalanced ration; it was 0.107 and 0.206 SDG, respectively. The balanced ration has a greater trend coefficient of 32.3 6 compared with 18.56 for the unbalanced ration. In conclusion, the balanced ration increased the level of cow milk production and decreased the cost milk production compared to unbalanced ration.
Decomposition of volatile organic compounds and nitric oxide by nonthermal plasma discharge processes

Two types of nonthermal plasma processes such as pulsed corona discharge and dielectric barrier discharge were investigated for the decomposition of volatile organic compounds and nitric oxide. The performance equation of the plasma reactor was derived with the assumption that the decomposition rate of the pollutant is directly proportional to the concentration of the pollutant and the discharge power. From this model equation and the experimental decomposition data, the apparent decomposition rate constants of various organic compounds and nitric oxide were determined. Alkene and substituted alkene were found to have much larger decomposition rate constants than aromatics and substituted alkane compounds, which implies that the decomposition of the derivatives of aromatics and alkanes requires more energy. To verify the validity of the model derived, the experimental data in the present study and in the literature were compared with the calculation results, and relatively good agreements were achieved between them.
AN ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME TOMATO GENOTYPES AND VARIETIES GROWN AT RANGPUR

2.98)% and (2.36-2.74)%, non reducing sugar (0.99-1.32)% and (0.95-1.19)%, N (0.57-0.81)% and (0.49-0.70)%, protein (3.56-5.06)% and (3.06-4.38)%, P (0.49-0.72)% and (0.48-0.66)%, K (0.34-0.55)% and (0.36-0.63)%, Ca (0.290.49)% and (0.26-0.51)%, Mg (0.27-0.40)% and (0.18-0.40)%, S (0.13- 0.36)% and (0.18-0.34)%, Na (0.09-0.21)% and (0.08-0.16)%, Fe (127.2-223.1)µµg -1 and (125.9-215.6)µµg-1, Mn (30.33-44.47)µµg-1 and (24.31-43.19)µµg-1 , Cu (8.62-13.66)µµg-1 and (8.54-14.38)µµg-1, Zn (13.95-39.11) µµg-1 and (15.9440.98) µµg -1 . The results of the present investigation clearly indicate that TM-133 & TM-13 were better in terms of all parameters compared to other mutants. Kew words: Physicochemical properties, tomato, genotypes and varieties
Effects of biofouling on performance of moored data logging acoustic receivers

Biofouling on scientific equipment deployed in marine and estuarine environments can have implications for equipment performance, and the type and amount of data collected. We examined the effects of biofouling on the performance of data logging acoustic receivers deployed in shallow coastal waters off Florida. Five treatment types of receivers were examined including old and new versions of VR2 (Vemco Ltd) receivers with complete, partial, or no antifouling paint. Receivers were deployed for 2 mo, and acoustic signal detection rates examined. All receivers had some extent of biofouling during the course of the study, and performance was variable among treatment types. Old version receivers did not perform as well as new version receivers in all cases, and significant differences were apparent in detection rate and receiver performance metrics. Reductions in receiver performance over time occurred for most treatments and were likely due to settlement of biofouling organisms including barnacles, annelids, tunicates, and ascidians. Biofouling appeared to affect receiver performance over time and should be taken into account in acoustic telemetry studies.
Drying Kinetics and Color Retention of Dehydrated Rosehips

Abstract Freshly harvested rosehips (Rosa canina L.) were dehydrated in a parallel flow type air dryer at six air temperatures (30, 40, 50, 60, and 70°C) at air velocities of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m/s. Drying air temperature and velocity significantly influenced drying time and energy requirement. Minimum and maximum energy requirement for drying of rosehips were determined as 6.69 kWh/kg for 70°C at 0.5 m/s, and 42.46 kWh/kg for 50°C, 1.5 m/s. In order to reduce drying energy consumption, it is recommended that the drying air velocity must not be more than 0.5 m/s and drying air temperature should be 70°C. In addition, the influence of drying air temperature and air velocity on the color of dried rosehip has been studied. Hunter L, a, b values were used to evaluate changes in the total color difference (ΔE) on dried rosehips. 70°C drying air temperature and 1 m/s air velocity were found to yield better quality product.
Consumo de energia e custo de secagem de café cereja em propriedades agrícolas do sul de Minas Gerais

Determinar o consumo de energia durante a secagem do cafe usando-se lenha e gas liquefeito de petroleo (GLP) como combustiveis em algumas propriedades, da regiao sul de Minas e avaliar as razoes de possiveis variacoes existentes no custo entre produtores foi proposta deste trabalho. Vinte propriedades foram visitadas, mas apenas quatro selecionadas, com o objetivo de se padronizar a caracterizacao tecnica e economica da secagem; esta padronizacao incluiu: lavagem e separacao do cafe, processamento separado do cafe boia do verde-cereja, pre-secagem do cafe cereja em terreiro e complementacao da secagem do cafe cereja em secador rotativo com capacidade de 15000 L, usando-se lenha ou GLP como combustiveis. Procedeu-se ao acompanhamento de tres testes em duas propriedades usando-se GLP como combustivel para aquecimento do ar na secagem e tres testes em outras duas propriedades usando lenha, tambem como combustivel. Os resultados obtidos conduziram as seguintes conclusoes: as variacoes na temperatura do ar das secagens em que se usou lenha como combustivel, foram maiores que as observadas nos testes nos quais foi empregado GLP; o consumo de GLP no queimador onde se usou chama intermitente, foi maior quando comparado com um queimador regulado para realizar uma queima constante do GLP; enfim, o consumo de combustivel esta fortemente relacionado ao manejo adotado durante a secagem.
Macrobenthic Diversity in Horseshoe Crab Nesting Ground-Balok Station, Pahang, Malaysia

A complete year data on the diversity and distribution of major macrobenthic community along the horseshoe crab nesting ground in Balok station was studied. Here we present the monthly and seasonal variation in the macrobenthic community along the balok station during full moon days. Monthly variation in the diversity of macrobenthos at Balok station during full moon days showed that Highest diversity during June 2010 (Shannon H’ = 0.673; Simpson 1/D = 4.554) followed by Sep-10 (H’ = 0.663; 1/D = 4.431) while the lowest diversity was recorded during Mar-10 (H’ = 0.545; 1/D = 2.916). In general, there was a significant variation in the macrobenthic diversity was observed between monsoon and non-monsoon period (p < 0.05). Margaleff and Mackintosh richness indexes showed that the species richness was higher during Feb-2011 (Marfalf d = 1.748; McIntosh D = 1.067) followed by Dec-10 (d = 1.691; D = 1.063) and Nov-10 (d = 1.655; D = 1.06). The macrobenthic richness was lower during May-10 (d = 1.28; D = 1.027). As observed in diversity of Macrobenthos, richness was also higher during monsoon period compared to non monsoon time. Berger-Parker Dominance (1/d) index showed that species dominance was higher during June-10 (1/d = 3.795) followed by Sep-10 (1/d = 3.757) and it was lower during Mar-10 (1/d = 2.109). There was no significant variation in the evenness was observed during sampling period which showed the homogeneous distribution of species round the year. Shannon diversity index value (H’ = < 1.1) clearly showed that the macrobenthic diversity along the nesting grounds of horseshoe crabs are under greater pressure.
Preparation and properties of poly(urethane acrylate) films for ultraviolet‐curable coatings

Four different UV-curable poly(urethane acrylate)s were prepared through the reaction of two diisocyanates [i.e., toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI)] and two polyols [i.e., polycaprolactone triol (PCLT) and polycaprolactone diol (PCLD)], and they were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical properties, thermal properties, and water sorption of the cured poly(urethane acrylate)s were also investigated with respect to the chemical structures of the polyols and diisocyanates. In comparison with linear PCLD–TDI and PCLD–IPDI, crosslinked PCLT–TDI and PCLT–IPDI with trifunctional PCLT showed relatively high thermal decomposition temperatures. The hardness and modulus of the UV-cured poly(urethane acrylate) films, which were measured by a nanoindentation technique, were in the following increasing order: PCLD–IPDI ∼ PCLD–TDI < PCLT–IPDI ∼ PCLT–TDI. The pencil hardness was 3H for PCLT–IPDI and PCLT–TDI and HB for PCLD–IPDI and PCLD–TDI. Two urethane acrylates prepared from the trifunctional polyol showed better acid and alkali resistances than those made from the bifunctional polyol. These mechanical properties and chemical resistances may have been strongly dependent on the chain flexibility of the molecules and crosslinking density. Regardless of the functionality in the polyol, the change in the yellowness index showed a lower value in the poly(urethane acrylate) coating containing the aliphatic diisocyanate IPDI in comparison with the corresponding poly(urethane acrylate) with the aromatic diisocyanate TDI. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
An Efficient Technique of Linearization towards Fourth Order Finite Differences for Numerical Solution of the 1D Burgers Equation

This work aims to solve the 1D Burgers equation, which represents a simplification of the Navier-Stokes equation, supposing the yielding only at x-direction and without pressure gradient. For such a solution, an implicit scheme (Cranck-Nicolson method) with a fourth order precision in space is utilized. The main contribution of this work is the application of a linearization technique of the non-linear term (advective term), and then, towards the analytical and numerical results from literature, validate and demonstrate it as being highly satisfactory.
Nomenclatural notes on Cruciferae

A generic name Dvorakia and combinations Arabidopsis amurensis, A. media, A. multijuga, A. septentrionalis, Dvorakia alaica, D. alyssifolia, Erophila acutidentata, E. aquisgranensis, E. kohlscheidensis, and E. strigosula are validated. Places of valid publication and (except for the first combination) authorship for Erysimum krynitzkii, Eunomia bourgaei, E. rubescens, Pseudocamelina aphragmodes, P. campylopoda, and Thlaspi hastulatum are corrected. For Pseudocamelina and Peltariopsis, information on the types is clarified. Some further minor nomenclatural items are commented.