Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, Risk Factors Associated with Brucellosis and Presence of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Camel Milk in Garissa County, Kenya

Aim: The current study was undertaken to assess the prevalence, risk factors of brucellosis and presence of pathogenic bacteria isolated from camel milk in Garrisa County, Kenya. Methodology: The study design was cross-sectional where questionnaires were administered to farmers to assess the risk factors associated with brucellosis. The experimental study was also employed to identify bacteria in milk samples which were collected from 104 camels. Fifty milk samples were obtained from local farms while 54 were from sales point at Garissa market. Further test for brucellosis using milk ring test was also carried out. Results: The overall prevalence of brucellosis in camel milk was 8%. Most (12.5%) of the positive samples were from Dadaab Sub-county while the rest of the positive samples were from Fafi (5.9%) and Balambala (5.9%) sub-counties. All the 54 samples obtained from Garissa market were negative of brucellosis. Of the total (118) bacteria isolates, those from the farm level were 68.6% Original Research Article Noor et al.; SAJRM, 6(4): 42-52, 2020; Article no.SAJRM. 56950 43 and from market were 31.2%. The bacteria isolated from the 104 milk samples were Pseudomonas spp. (32.2%), Salmonella spp. (30.5%), Staphylococcus spp (21.2%), Eschericia coli (8.5%) and Shigella spp. (7.6%). The risk factors that significantly (p<0.05) associated brucellosis were: age of lactating camels (higher in camels aged above 20 years), herd size (higher in camels from herd sizes of between 30-50 camels) and herding of camels with other livestock (higher in camels kept with other livestock). Conclusion: In conclusion, a few milk samples from camels in Garissa County were found to have brucellosis and were heavily infected with bacteria which can cause mastitis. Considering that most people in the study area drank raw milk, spread of these bacteria to man is a high possibility and thus animal and public health officers should implement one health disease control strategies.
Intestinal Colonization Rate of Candida albicans among Low Birth Weight Neonates after Using Oral Synbiotic Supplementation: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of synbiotics on the intestinal colonization rate of Candida albicans in low birth weight neonates (i.e., under 2,500 g), which is one of the most important events for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Methods: During one year, 106 preterm neonates with a birth weight of less than 2,500 g, admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Imam Reza Hospital, affiliated to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, were randomly selected and investigated in two groups of case and control. In the case group, 5 drops of synbiotics (under the trade name of Pedilact in which 5 drops are equivalent to 2.5×108 CFU), containing three probiotics of Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus reuteri, as well as the prebiotic of fructooligosaccharide, were administered. On the other hand, 5 drops of distilled water were used for the control group. In the present single-blind study, the subjects were divided into two groups using a random number table. The stool cultures were obtained on the 1st and 10th days of admission. Then, the two groups were compared in terms of the amount of positive stool culture for Candida albicans, time of feeding initiation and full nutrition, duration of hospitalization, and time of discharge.Results: The incidence rate of positive stool culture for Candida albicans was 6.6%. A significant relationship was observed between gestational age and positive culture (P=0.009). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the duration of hospitalization, time of feeding initiation and full feeding, good physical examination results, and wellbeing. In addition, the relationship between positive culture and birth weight was statistically significant (P=0.045) since the rates of positive culture were 57.1% and 42.9% in cases with the birth weight of ≤ 1,500 and > 1,500 g, respectively.Conclusion: Based on the results, synbiotic use showed no significant relationship with enteral positive cultures for Candida albicans, time of enteral feeding initiation and full feeding, and hospitalization duration.
University of Dundee Atg7-Mediated Autophagy Is Involved in the Neural Crest Cell Generation in Chick

Autophagy plays a very important role in numerous physiological and pathological events. However, it still remains unclear whether Atg7-induced autophagy is involved in the regulation of neural crest cell production. In this study, we found the co-location of Atg7 and Pax7+ neural crest cells in early chick embryo development. Up-regulation of Atg7 with unilateral transfection of full length Atg7 increased Pax7+ and HNK-1+ cephalic and trunk neural crest cell numbers compared to either Control-GFP transfection or opposite neural tubes, suggesting that Atg7 over-expression in neural tubes could enhance the production of neural crest cells. BMP4 in situ hybridization and p-Smad1/5/8 immunofluorescent staining demonstrated up-regulation of Atg7 in neural tubes suppressed the BMP4/Smad signaling, which is considered to promote the delamination of neural crest cells. Interestingly, up-regulation of Atg7 in neural tubes could significantly accelerate cell progression into S phase, implying that Atg7 modulates cell cycle progression. However, β-catenin expression was not significant alterated. Finally, we demonstrated that up-regulation of the Atg7 gene could activate autophagy as did Atg8. We have also observed that similar phenotypes, such as more HNK-1+ neural crest cells in the unilateral Atg8 transfection side of neural tubes, and the transfection with full length Atg8-GFP certainly promote the numbers of BrdU+ neural crest cells in comparison to GFP control. Taken together, we reveal that Atg7-induced autophagy is involved in regulating the production of neural crest cells in early chick embryos through the modification of cell cycle.
Unsaturated fatty acids in antarctic bacteria

Unsaturated Fatty Acids (UFAs) play a vital role in membrane lipids fluidity which maintains its structural integrity and also, are nutritionally and pharmaceutically important. Fish and vegetable oils are the major sources of the so-called essential fatty acids required for normal physiological activities of the body. However, the increasing demands for these fatty acids require more reliable, flexible and cheaper alternative sources. Antarctic bacteria can produce large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids which can be enhanced using simple biotechnological tools. To achieve this, five isolates of Antarctic bacteria were grown at low temperature and analysed for cellular fatty acids using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). The results obtained revealed high amount of unsaturated fatty acids in virtually all the bacteria. Highest amount was recorded in Arthrobacter sp. , 3B (47.24%) followed by Pseudomonas sp. , A8 (45.09%), Pseudomonas sp. , A3 (33.17%) and Arthrobacter sp. , PB (31.92%). The results obtained suggest that the bacteria could be used to enhance essential fatty acids production through metabolic engineering for industrial applications.
Antioxidants and hepatoprotective effects of chitosan nanoparticles against hepatotoxicity induced in rats

This study was conducted to investigate the preventive effects of Chitosan-nanoparticles on diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Forty male albino rats were divided into four groups: group (1): normal control, group (2): group (2): hepatotoxic rats administrated DEN orally (20 mg/kg b.wt/ day), group (3): rats receive chitosan-nanoparticles orally and group (4): Hepatotoxic rats were treated with chitosan-nanoparticles orally at a dose of (200 mg / kg bw/day). All animals were sacrificed at the end of experiment (12 weeks). The hepatotoxic effect of DEN was evidenced by elevation of serum Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine Aminotransferase, Alkaline Phosphatase, γ-Glutamyl transferase activities, blood Urea concentration and liver Malondialdehyde level. However serum albumin concentration and antioxidants biomarkers in liver tissue were markedly decreased. In conclusion, the administration of chitosan nanoparticles restored the DEN induced alterations in liver functions, promoted oxidative stress and antioxidant defense
Correcting for Endogeneity in Models with Bunching

We show that in models with endogeneity, bunching at the lower or upper boundary of the distribution of the treatment variable may be used to build a correction for endogeneity. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the parameters of the corrected model, provide an estimator of the standard errors, and prove the consistency of the bootstrap. An empirical application reveals that time spent watching television, corrected for endogeneity, has roughly no net effect on cognitive skills and a significant negative net effect on non-cognitive skills in children.
Toxicity of benthic dinoflagellates found in coral reef-II. Toxicity of benthic dinoflagellates in Okinawa.

Nine species of benthic dinoflagellates isolated at Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, were grown unialgally. They were Prorocentrum lima, prorocentrum concavum, prorocentrum rhathymum, Amphidinium carteri, Amphidinium klebsii, Coolia monotis, Ostreopsis siamensis, Ostreposis ovata, and Gambierdiscus toxicus. The harvested cells were extracted with boiling methanol and the extracts were fractionated into diethyl ether soluble, 1-butanol soluble, and water soluble fractions. Each fraction was tested by mouse and fish assays and by blood cell hemolysis test. The extracts of P. lima, P. concavum, A. carteri, A. klebsii, O. siamensis, O. ovata, and G. toxicus were confirmed to show toxicity to mice. Hemolytic activity was recognized in all the species tested. Ichthyotoxicity was demonstrated by A. carteri, A. klebsii, and P. concavum, the last being the most potent. With the exception of the water soluble toxin of O. siamensis, all the toxins were found in either diethyl either diethyl ether soluble fraction or 1-butanol soluble fraction or in both.
Precision medicine in diabetes: a consensus report from the ADA and EASD

Citation for published version (APA): Chung, W. K. , Erion, K. , Florez, J. C. , Hattersley, A. T. , Hivert, M-F. , Lee, C. G. , McCarthy, M. I. , Nolan, J. J., Norris, J. M. , Pearson, E. R. , Philipson, L. , McElvaine, A. T. , Cefalu, W. T. , Rich, S. S. , & Franks, P. W. (2020). Precision medicine in diabetes: a Consensus Report from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care, 43(7), 1617-1635. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0022
Indigenous Curative Plants Used in the Treatment of Piles from Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Piles are inflammation of blood vessels which are generally found close to the anal canal. Piles are produce when the anal cushions are disrupted during defecation. The importance of the knowledge of indigenous remedial medicinal plants in curing piles has not been fully acknowledged from rural, folkloric background of Nigerian society. The present study attempt to document indigenous knowledge and curative plants used in the treatment of pile in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Eight villages were purposively selected and respondents stratified into four strata in each of the villages. Semi – structured and open-ended questionnaires was used to obtained information from local herb sellers, hunters, herbalists and aged. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. The result showed that a total number of 25 plant species Original Research Article Ariyo et al.; ARRB, 35(6): 78-89, 2020; Article no.ARRB. 57648 79 belonging to 19 families, were recorded and enumerated along with their botanical, family and local names. Fabaceae sub family of Caesalpinioidea, Mimisoideae and Palpilinoideae contributed the highest number of 4 plant species used in the treatment of pile. The plant part used includes leave, bark, seeds roots, vines, rhizome, bulbs, cobs, and bunch with high frequency of leaves been used. The method of preparation of recipe, mode of administration, dosage and shelf life of the recipe used for the treatment of piles were discussed. Many of the medicinal plants used in the treatment of piles are rare and found in the wild, the study concludes that there is need for domestication and sustainable conservative efforts from the researchers, government and community to safeguard the loss of these important medicinal plants. There is need for further studies on the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of these plants.
Effect of Air-Dried Mucuna (Mucuna pruriens) Leaf Meal in the Diets of Grower Rabbit Bucks on the Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Economic Cost of Production

A twelve week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of air-dried mucuna (Mucuna pruriens) leaf meal (MLM) in the diets of grower rabbit bucks. Mucuna leaf meal was included at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Thirty grower rabbits bucks were assigned to five experimental dietary treatments denoted T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively in a completely Randomized Design (CRD). Each treatment had six rabbits with each serving as a replicate. Results of performance showed that there were no significant differences in final body weight, daily weight gain, daily feed and protein intake. Protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio were significantly higher at T1. Nutrient digestibility by rabbit indicates significant different (p<0.05) in ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), and crude protein (CP). EE and CF were Original Research Article Adejoh et al.; AJRAVS, 4(1): 1-9, 2019; Article no.AJRAVS. 50170 2 significantly higher at T4, and CP was highest at T1. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in NFE across the treatments. There was also no significant difference (P>0.05) for cost per kg gain. Cost of feed consumed, total cost and percentage feed cost were significantly higher (P<0.05) at T1, T2, and T3. Percentage drug cost was significantly better (P<0.05) at T4 and T5, percentage cage cost and animal were statistically depressed (P<0.05) at T1, T2 and T3 and highest at T5. It was concluded that mucuna (Mucuna pruriens) leaf meal has potentials as a valuable unconventional leguminous feedstuff. The use of Mucuna pruriens leaf meal in the diets of rabbit bucks promoted growth best at 5% and thus carcass yield. Rabbit farmer can incorporate Mucuna pruriens leaf meal at 5% for growth performance.
Comparison of Avian Communities on Restored and Natural Wetlands in North and South Dakota

We compared avian use of 39 restored and 39 natural wetlands in North and South Dakota during spring and summer of 1997 and 1998. Wetlands were widely distributed, but restored- and natural-wetland pairs were from the same geographic locale and had similar characteristics, including wetland size. We conducted paired comparisons between restored and natural wetlands for wetland-bird density, waterfowl-breeding pairs, and wetland-avian abundance, species richness, and diversity. We also compared abundance, species richness, and diversity of birds on upland areas adjacent to wetlands. Canada goose (avian scientific names in Appendix A), mallard, redhead, and ruddy duck had higher densities on restored wetlands. We failed to detect differences in overall avian abundance, species richness, or diversity between restored and natural wetlands. We conclude that restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region supported similar avian communities with equal or higher abundances than those of natural wetlands.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of formaldehyde in samples of hair straighteners and suitability of the labels

Formaldehyde is an active compound, irregularly used in hair products, that has the property of straighten and waterproofing the wires. However, it is highly toxic and can stimulate dermatological hypersensitivity and cancer. In this context it is of fundamental importance the inspection of these products that can be used in safe conditions for the consumer, without formaldehyde in concentrations higher than the allowed. Thus, the aim of this research was the qualitative and quantitative identification formaldehyde in samples of hair straighteners that was obtained by donation in the beauty salons of Araraquara-SP. In addition, the analysis of the packaging labels of the products tested were conducted, following the requirements of the national legislation. A qualitative analysis for formaldehyde identification is based on the formation of a purple colored complex. The quantitative analysis was performed by spectrophotometry. The qualitative and quantitative formaldehyde analysis methods were applied to 13 bottles of hair straighteners. When submitted to qualitative analysis, all samples showed formaldehyde presence. The quantitative analysis demonstrated that the samples identified as B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J and M presented formaldehyde concentration of 3.5 to 14.5%, which is above of the limit recommended by the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), of 0.2%. In the label analysis, in all samples were found irregularities.
Sunda pangolin protection and trade-related crimes: assessing local community knowledge in Kedah, Malaysia

Wildlife species endangerment is often attributed to both illegal international trade and weak national law enforcement. Despite efforts to protect pangolins, the species survival is vulnerable to international trade, and, hence, more measures need to be taken in addition to the regulatory system to protect the species. In Malaysia, the national laws use both incentives and disincentives to ensure that people protect wildlife. Besides efficient enforcement, awareness of the legal provisions among the local community is equally important for the laws to be effective. Accordingly, this paper examines the local community’s knowledge of the regulatory protection of pangolins in Kedah. It also explores the association between demographic factors and such knowledge. The study found that the local community had average knowledge about the regulatory protection of pangolins but lacked knowledge regarding provisions on protection and rewards for wildlife crime informants. The study found no significant association between gender and knowledge. However, it discovered a significant association, respectively, between knowledge and age and employment. Little is known about local perception concerning the seriousness of wildlife crimes in Malaysia. The survey results showed that the respondents perceived pangolin-related crimes as serious. It also uncovered that gender, age and occupation have a significant effect on local community perception concerning the seriousness of such crimes. This paper concludes by discussing the implications of the findings for efforts to account for the role of knowledge in the effectiveness of wildlife law and for regulatory policy. The results of the study provide essential baseline information, which is important to design better awareness intervention that can minimize the decline of pangolins.
Predation on ground-nesting birds' nests in relation to predator densities and habitat edge

To study which predators are responsible for nest-losses among ground-nesting birds in boreal forest and how predators utilize different habitats, especially forest/farmland edge, artificial nests were exposed to predators in central Sweden in 1981. A setup which forced nest-robbers to leave foot-prints showed that different avian and mammalian species robbed nests in relation to their relative densities. Among both avian and mammalian nest-robbers there were habitat specialists and generalists. Predators appeared not to develop a memory for the experimental nests. In forest, birds were relatively more common than mammals as nest robbers than in farmland. Differences in the role of different predator species as nest robbers in forest vs. farmland habitats reflected their choice of habitat. No predator seemed to have developed specific nest-robbing skills and loss of individual nests was considered as a random event. Predation rates were higher when nests could be detected from a distance. However, the relevance of the results for real nests remains largely unknown. Variations in predation pressure in relation to different types of ecotones is discussed in view of the recent debate on how patterns of predation become altered as the size of patches of pristine environments are reduced as a consequence of human influences. It is suggested that the main factor affecting the rate of predation in patchy environments is the steepness of productivity gradients between an habitat island and the surrounding matrix rather than patch size itself.
Characteristic anatomy of union formation in T- and chip-budded fruit and ornamental trees

SummaryDeficiencies in the anatomy of graft unions following T-budding were associated with very low bud-take in Acer platanoides cv Crimson King, relatively poor quality trees in Malus putitila cv Cox’s Orange Pippin, low lateral production in Pyrus communis cv Conference and relatively small trees in Tilia χ euchlora. In all species the cambium was lifted in the ‘bark’ flap, necessitating considerable callus infilling and the development cf a new cambium to effect a union. There was little xylem development in these shields during the weeks following budding. Chip-budding gave rapid union formation following good juxtaposition of the cambium of rootstock and scion, and the nursery performance of each species was improved.
Relationship of Foot Length with Dynamic Balance in 9-12- Year-Old Children - Pilot Study

Introduction: Dynamic balance as known plays a vital role in the development of the children in both gross and fine motor skills. Purpose: To find out the relationship between the foot length and dynamic balance in children 9-12-year-old. Methods and Materials: This pilot study was conducted among children with typical development. The age group included for the study was9-12 years. The estimated sample 24.Participants underwent initial assessment, where height, weight, and foot length were measured. To measure foot length measuring tape was used and dynamic balance was assessed using Functional Reach Test, the participants were asked to perform three successful trials of reaching forward without losing balance or taking support and mean of it were obtained. Statistical Analysis: The collected data was summarized using the descriptive statistics such mean+S.D. (standard deviation) to find the relationship between the foot length and dynamic balance in 9-12-year-oldchildren, Pearson correlation coefficient was used, p value <0.05 was considered as significant. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 21. Results: The mean distance reached by the children was (21.9 + 4.9 cm) and mean foot length was (20.8 + 1.6 cm). The obtained p value for Pearson correlation coefficient was >0.05 and hence there was no relationship found between the foot length and dynamic balance in children. Conclusion: The foot length has no relationship with the dynamic balance score on functional reach test in children.