Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internal migration in Malaysia:Spatial and temporal analysis

Some of the theories in the third world countries claimed that rural to urban migration was the result of rapid urbanisation in many developing countries. With the hypothesis that migration, especially rural to urban migration, is the dominant factor for urbanisation in Malaysia, a study is undertaken to investigate whether this hypothesis is still valid. Using data from the Malaysian Censuses of 1991 and 2000, this study embarked into some empirical analysis to understand the dynamics of population movements in Malaysia and how this has shaped the population settlement in this country. The study is about time and spatial structure. The urban and rural areas in Malaysia are shaped through time and by population shifts within and between its settlements. The study analyses the population shifts by looking at internal migration in three different levels, the state level, the district level and the urban/rural level. The empirical analyses and evidences at these levels comprised the major part of this thesis. Conclusions are drawn from these analyses. The study found that short distance migration is prominent in Malaysia, although the number of population migrated from one area to the other have decreased in recent years. The rate of long distance migration is also increasing which probably the result of higher standard of living and better transportation infrastructures and facilities. The study also found that urban to urban migration has been dominant both within and between the states in Malaysia in the last few decades. Rural to urban migration is no longer dominant. In fact, rural to rural migration has been shown to be higher in many states than rural to urban migration. The study also concluded that the expansion of urban areas between the Census periods have contributed to the urbanisation in Malaysia. The increase in urban population is the result of extending boundaries of the cities and urban areas by local authorities as well as the creation of new urban areas when the previously rural areas meet the requirement to become urban areas as defined by the authority.
Deterministic signals in USA precipitation records: Part I

Evidence for the 18–6-year luni-solar MN signal is found in 220 out of 288 rain-gauge records (76 per cent detection ratio) in the states of California, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio. Oregon, Washington, and West Virginia, with a mean period of 18·4 ± 1·5 years. This detection ratio is less than that for the nation, which is 1015 out of 1219 records, or 83 per cent. The solar cycle Sc signal was found in 70 per cent of these records, with a period of 10·6 ± 0·5 years. For Colorado, and states directly to the east as far as Illinois, minima in most 19-year Mn wavetrains were generally in phase with epochs 1898·9 through to 1954·7 (epochs are dates of maximum in tidal forcing). However, by 1973-3 virtually all records east of Colorado had experienced a 180° phase switch and wave maxima were in phase with this epoch. In Oregon and Washington most MN waves recorded maxima in wetness at epoch 1898·9 through to 1973·3, and thus have historically been out of phase with the continental interior. California records displayed evidence for two 180° phase switches in the past 100 years. The apparent reason for this is that California is near the edge of a fairly stable continental interior cell that has historically been dry at epochs; and when the dry cell waxes or wanes in areal extent, frequent 180° phase switches are produced in areas adjacent to it. The phenomena described have been found in other regions of the USA, and in records of air temperature and air pressure world-wide.
Degenerative and Regenerative Actin Cytoskeleton Rearrangements, Cell Death, and Paradoxical Proliferation in the Gills of Pearl Gourami (Trichogaster leerii) Exposed to Suspended Soot Microparticles

The effect is studied of water-suspended soot microparticles on the actin cytoskeleton, apoptosis, and proliferation in the gill epithelium of pearl gourami. To this end, the fish are kept in aquariums with 0.005 g/L of soot for 5 and 14 days. Laser confocal microscopy is used to find that at the analyzed times of exposure to the pollutant zones appear in the gill epithelium, where the actin framework of adhesion belts dissociates and F-actin either forms clumps or concentrates perinuclearly. It is shown that the exposure to soot microparticles enhances apoptosis. On day 5, suppression of the proliferation of cells occurs, but the proliferation increases to the control values on day 14. Such a paradoxical increase in proliferation may be a compensatory process, maintaining the necessary level of gill function under the exposure to toxic soot. This process may occur until the gills’ recovery reserve is exhausted. In general, soot microparticles cause profound changes in the actin cytoskeleton in gill cells, greatly enhance cell death, and influence cell proliferation as described. Together, these processes may cause gill dysfunction and affect the viability of fish.
A seismic reflection and GLORIA study of compressional deformation in the Gorringe Bank region, eastern North Atlantic

Seismic reflection and GLORIA side-scan sonar data obtained on RRS Charles Darwin cruise CD64 reveal new information on the styles of deformation in the Gorringe Bank region, at the eastern end of the Azores–Gibraltar plate boundary. Previous studies suggest that Gorringe Bank was formed by the overthrusting of a portion of the African plate upon the Eurasian plate. The new seismic data show, however, that the most intensely deformed region is located south of Gorringe Bank, on the northern flanks of a NW–SE-trending submarine ridge which includes the Ampere and Coral Patch seamounts. The deformation is expressed as long-wavelength (up to 60 km), large-amplitude (up to 800 m) folds in the sediments and underlying acoustic basement, which in places are associated with one or more reverse faults, and as a fabric of short-wavelength folds (up to 3 km) with a NE trend. In contrast, the same sedimentary units when traced beneath the flanking plains are undeformed, except for some faults with a small throw (~30 m), some of which offset the seafloor. GLORIA data show that recent deformation is broadly distributed over the region. Structural trends rotate from 45° in the west to 70° in the east of the region, nearly perpendicular to the NW-verging plate motion vectors as determined from plate kinematic models. Flexure modelling suggests that a portion of Gorringe Bank has loaded 152 Ma oceanic lithosphere and that a maximum of 50 km of shortening has occurred at Gorringe Bank since the mid-Miocene. Our observations support a model in which there is no single plate boundary in the region, rather that the deformation is distributed over a 200–330 km wide zone.
Longshore Transport at Cape Lookout, North Carolina: Shoal Evolution and the Regional Sediment Budget

Abstract The Cape Lookout cuspate foreland has undergone significant offshore accretion since the first rudimentary field studies were conducted in the 1800s. Despite the wave-dominated setting, however, little is known about littoral processes under the wide range of wave conditions that impact the complicated coastal geometry at the cape. In this study we examined littoral processes, driven by longshore currents, using a numerical wave refraction/diffraction model (Ref/Dif 1) and through use of aerial photographs and nautical charts. Results show that longshore current direction and speed, as expected, are highly variable and depend primarily on incoming wave direction. Southerly longshore currents on Core Banks predominate under northeast and east wave approaches, whereas weaker northerly currents are generated under southeast and south wave approaches. The result of these patterns provides a source of sediments to Cape Lookout Shoal. Results show the sediment input from Core Banks to the shoal is of the order 512,000 to 581,000 m3/yr. The western limb of the system receives a portion of these sediments, which are released from the shoal and transported north by waves that approach from the southeast, south, and southwest. Predicted longshore currents on the shoal indicate that repeated extension and retreat of Cape Lookout Point would result from the imbalance between southerly longshore currents on the east side of the shoal and northerly longshore currents on the west side. Cape Lookout Shoal may play a role in protecting sections of adjacent barrier islands by interfering with shoreward wave propagation and by allowing waves to focus energy onto their offshore subaqueous areas. It is still unclear, however, how sediments on the northern proximal regions of the shoal are transported to the distal regions farther south.
Effect of different insertion torque types on stability of tapered implants with knife-edge thread design

Objectives: The present study evaluated the effect of different insertion torque types on stability of tapered implants with knife-edge thread design. Subjects and methods: Twenty four Patients were randomly assigned into three groups according to the peak torque value recorded during implant insertion: Group 1: low torque application (<30 N/cm). Group 2: medium torque application (30< IT <50 N/cm). Group 3: high torque application (>50N/cm). Dental implants were evaluated clinically and radiographically. (IT) and (ISQ) values were recorded during implant insertion for each group. ISQ values were recorded also at 3 and 6 months. Crestal bone level were recorded using RVG at baseline, 3months and 6months. Bone density were recorded by CBCT at baseline and at 6 months after surgery. Results: There was a positive correlation between Overall Torque and stability after 3 and 6 months. A general linear relationship between insertion torque and implant stability. High Torque group showed the higher crestal bone loss and bone density than the other groups. Conclusion: Knife edge threaded design implant showed a satisfactory stability including implants inserted with low torque. High torque group showed the highest stability and increasing in bone density, but also it showed the highest crestal bone loss.
Morphologic and stratigraphic evidence for Allerød and Younger Dryas age glacier fluctuations of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, British Columbia, Canada and Northwest Washington, U.S.A.

The late Wisconsin deglaciation of the Fraser Lowland is reconstructed by integrating surficial mapping, stratigraphic, palynological, oceanographic (from previous studies), radiocarbon, and shaded digital topographic data Moraines associated with glacier fluctuations along the southwestern margin of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet are recognized for the first time and their chronology is established from 70 radiocarbon dates secured by morphologic and stratigraphic evidence. Following emergence of the lowland at c. 11.6 14C kyr BP, three periods of glacier readvance occurred 11.6–11.4 and 10.9–10.2 14C kyr BP during the Sumas interval. The spatial and temporal relationships of Sumas Drift indicate four recognizable phases, which unifies and extends the surficial geology across the U.S.‐Canadian border.
Comparison of the effect of psychological stress on the temporomandibular joint and the knee joint (Experimental Study)

Background: The persistent stresses of modern life have a serious negative impact on the psychological wellbeing of a considerable number of the current population. Nowadays, many researchers reported a positive correlation between psychological stress (PS) and TMD. However, a proven causative relationship is difficult to be justified on clinical basis. Thus, we designed an experimental model that compares the effect of psychological stress on two discrete joints
Phonological emergence and social reorganization: Developing a nasal /æ/ system in Lansing, Michigan

Abstract Phonological rule innovation is thought to come about via reanalysis of some phonetic variation (e.g., Bermúdez-Otero, 2007; Hyman, 1975; Ohala, 1981; Pierrehumbert, 2001). Yet, empirical evidence suggests instead that the role of phonetic variation during phonological rule innovation is minor (Fruehwald, 2013, 2016). This paper adds to this ongoing debate an empirical analysis of an emergent allophonic contrast—an “/æ/ nasal system”—in White Michigan English. Analyses of speaker-level acoustic data from a sociolinguistic corpus (n = 36) and a subphonemic judgment task (n = 107) suggest that Lansing exhibits gradual phonological rule emergence. Social conditioning appears to act as the catalyst of phonological rule formation and its spread. The mechanism of actuation was thus “the chance alignment of social and phonetic variability” (Baker, Archangeli, & Mielke, 2011), suggesting that social conditioning on phonetic variability must play a major role in phonological emergence.
The Promise of Fiscal Decentralization on the Threat of Poverty Rates in Special Region

This study aims to determine the effect of the fiscal decentralization component on poverty, directly or indirectly, through pro-poor expenditures in Special Regions of Yogyakarta. The Privileges of the Special Region of Yogyakarta mentioned what distinguishes it from the other provinces so that it is called a special region is the privilege to establish a social order that guarantees diversity and the critical role of the Sultanate and Duchy of Pakualaman in preserving culture. However, poverty in the Special Region of Yogyakarta is spread in every district. On the other side, more than two decades of efforts to address poverty have been through fiscal decentralization. During the era of fiscal decentralization, there were problems from the revenue and expenditure sides. It is a question related to the successful implementation of fiscal decentralization. This study uses path analysis with secondary data. The result of this study is that the component of local revenue can play a role in poverty reduction directly through local-own source revenue. The indirectly effect shows that poverty alleviation can also be done through the role of local-own source revenue through pro-poor expenditure instruments.
Exploring the Role of Folk Media in Changing the Social Behavior of Urban People: An Exploratory Study in Lahore

This study is an attempt to provide comprehensive information and explore the significance of the role of folk media as a significant tool towards achieving Folk Media in Changing the Social Behavior of Urban People. The methodology adopted is qualitative by conducting interviews of prominent people working in the field of media and communication to explore the significant role of media in the current era. Traditional folk media forms have a peculiar charm as they are familiar to the public hearts and souls.
EFFECT OF FEEDING RABBIT DOES ON DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH HABARACHAD (LEPIDIUM SATIVUM) SEEDS ON PHYSIOLOGOCAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS AND ECONOMICAL EFFICIENCY

: The current design was conducted to investigate the impact of dietary Habarachad (HR) seeds as a dietary supplement on reproductive and economic performance of local rabbits in Egypt (Black Balady Rabbits). Rabbits were divided into four equal groups, each containing three female replicates and one male. The control group received commercial basal diet only, while the other groups received the basal diet supplemented with 2.5, 5, and 7.5 g/kg diet, respectively. The rabbits fed diets supplemented with both 5 and 7.5 g HR/kg diet recorded significantly the lowest feed intake than the control group. Litter size at birth significantly improved due to feeding on diet supplemented with 5 g HR/ kg diet followed by the diet contained 2.5 g HR/kg diet compared to the control diet. The kids from rabbits fed on diets supplemented with 5 g HR/kg diet had significantly the highest weight at birth and number at 21 day followed by the low level of HR as compared to the HR-untreated group. Litter size at weaning (35 day) was significantly increased by feeding on diet supplemented with 5 g HR/kg diet and the diet contained 2.5 g HR/kg diet came second followed compared to the control group. There was a significant improvement in feed conversion ratio due to feeding on diet supplemented with 2.5 and 5 g HR/kg diet compared to the control group. All different levels of HR had significantly higher value of serum globulin than the control group. Also, no significant alternations were detected in serum low density lipoprotein compared to HR-untreated group. On the other hand, it should be noted that both superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity were significantly increased by feeding diets supplemented with 2.5, 5 and 7.5 g HR/kg diet especially level of 5 g/kg diet compared to the control group. Conclusively, according to the results, it is concluded that dietary HR supplementation up to 5 g/ kg diet for Black Balady rabbit’s does could be used to improve and maximize reproductive performance and economic efficiency.
Feline Morbillivirus: Clinical Relevance of a Widespread Endemic Viral Infection of Cats

Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) was first isolated in 2012 from stray cats in Hong Kong. It has been found in association with tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), the most common cause of feline chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, viral host spectrum and virus tropism go beyond the domestic cat and kidney tissues. The viral genetic diversity of FeMV is extensive, but it is not known if this is clinically relevant. Urine and kidney tissues have been widely tested in attempts to confirm associations between FeMV infection and renal disease, but samples from both healthy and sick cats can test positive and some cross-sectional studies have not found associations between FeMV infection and CKD. There is also evidence for acute kidney injury following infection with FeMV. The results of prevalence studies differ greatly depending on the population tested and methodologies used for detection, but worldwide distribution of FeMV has been shown. Experimental studies have confirmed previous field observations that higher viral loads are present in the urine compared to other tissues, and renal TIN lesions associated with FeMV antigen have been demonstrated, alongside virus lymphotropism and viraemia-associated lymphopenia. Longitudinal field studies have revealed persistent viral shedding in urine, although infection can be cleared spontaneously.
Mediating role of academic grit and subjective vitality in the relationship between school belongingness and school satisfaction among middle school students who migrated after an earthquake

On February 6, 2023, two catastrophic earthquakes hit Turkey on the same day, which was called the biggest disaster of the last century. Following this disaster, some students living in 10 provinces affected by the earthquakes decided to leave their hometowns and continue their education in different cities. In recent years, the concepts of school belonging and school satisfaction have gained prominence in the relevant literature. However, little is known about the mechanisms that mediate the relationship between school satisfaction and school belonging. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of academic grit and subjective vitality on the relationship between students' school belonging and school satisfaction. The study participants consisted of middle school students who moved to another city after the earthquakes and started attending different schools in those cities. A total of 550 students participated in the study, consisting of 312 girls and 238 boys. The age of the participating students ranged from 10 to 15 years (M=12.43, SD=1.07). In the current study, the data collection instruments included a personal information form developed by the researcher, the School Belongingness Scale, the Comprehensive School Satisfaction Scale for Children, the Academic Grit Scale, and the Subjective Vitality Scale. The results of the study indicate that academic grit and subjective vitality play a significant mediating role in the relationship between school belonging and school satisfaction. In addition, all path coefficients in the current study are significantly positive. Based on the results of the study, some suggestions are offered to increase school satisfaction among middle school students.
Coupling mantle convection and tidal dissipation: Applications to Enceladus and Earth‐like planets

[1] Anelastic dissipation of tidal forces likely contributes to the thermal budget of several satellites of giant planets and Earth‐like planets closely orbiting other stars. In order to address how tidal heating influences the thermal evolution of such bodies, we describe here a new numerical tool that solves simultaneously mantle convection and tidal dissipation in a three‐dimensional spherical geometry. Since the two processes occur at different timescales, tidal dissipation averaged over a forcing period is included as a volumetric heat source for mantle dynamics. For the long‐term flow, a purely viscous material is considered, whereas a Maxwell‐like formalism is employed for the tidal viscoelastic problem. Due to the strongly temperature dependent rheological properties of both mechanisms, the coupling is achieved via the temperature field. The model is applied to two examples: Enceladus and an Earth‐like planet. For Enceladus, our new 3‐D method shows that the tidal strain rates are strongly enhanced in hot upwellings when compared with classical methods. Moreover, the heat flux at the base of Enceladus’ ice shell is strongly reduced at the poles, thus favoring the preservation of a liquid reservoir at depth. For Earth‐like planets, tidal dissipation patterns are predicted for different orbital configuration. Thermal runaway is observed for orbital periods smaller than a critical value (e.g., 30 days for an eccentricity of 0.2 and 3:2 resonance). This is likely to promote large‐scale melting of the mantle and Io‐like volcanism.
Ocean response to meridional ekman transport in the Atlantic and implication for gravity missions

Wind friction at the ocean surface introduces energetic variations in the net mass transport across the oceanic basins. To conserve mass, the whole water column adjusts rapidly, introducing a depth‐independent perturbation in the pressure field. This signal is analyzed in a high resolution numerical model of the Atlantic Ocean. While the pressure perturbation cannot be extracted from the energetic sea surface height signals, it represents up to 90% of the bottom pressure signal when integrated across the Atlantic Ocean in the daily and monthly frequencies. This signal will be an important part of the signal measured by the GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) mission.