Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polarization dynamics of optically pumped VCSELs

We consider the polarization dynamics of optically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with a pump light of arbitrary polarization ellipticity. We also consider the effect of an applied transverse magnetic field on the polarization properties of the output light. We first test our theoretical description by analyzing the polarization state of the photoluminescence light emitted by an optically pumped quantum well, and discuss a variety of phenomena known to originate from spin carrier dynamics in these materials. We discuss how these phenomena are modified when a VCSEL is operated above threshold, and we show that our model gives a good description of Larmor oscillations observed in VCSELs excited with short optical pulses. For VCSELs under continuous optical pump, we find a number of accessible experimental situations in which self-sustained polarization oscillations in the emitted light are possible. We identify and analyze three different mechanisms for these oscillations to occur. When no magnetic field is applied, we find polarization oscillations governed by birefringence and undamped polarization oscillations at the relaxation oscillation frequency. With an applied magnetic field, we find self-sustained oscillations governed by the Larmor frequency. In addition, our study of optically pumped VCSELs makes apparent the effects of spin carrier dynamics in the polarization properties of the emitted light.
Factors Affecting Pedestrians’ Perceptions of Safety, Comfort, and Pleasantness Induced by Public Space Lighting: A Systematic Literature Review

Public space lighting (PSL), if adequately designed, may significantly enhance pedestrians’ sense of safety and comfort. Yet, the accumulated knowledge about subjective evaluation of PSL is still insufficient. This paper presents a systematic literature review, carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines, of factors affecting pedestrians’ perceptions of safety, comfort, and pleasantness induced by PSL. The screening process, which focused on studies combining technical- and observer-based environmental assessments, yielded 53 eligible papers, which were then synthesized according to an adapted model for outdoor place-human relationship. This framework-based review comprehensively highlights a few common findings and practical implications, as well as multiple gaps in research coverage, many inconsistencies, and significant generalization and transferability constraints. As the review indicates, one size does not fit all, and much further research is needed to improve the tailoring of PSL to a range of contextual conditions, such as different climates, cultures, and city characteristics.
Influence of Extraction Techniques and Solvents on the Antioxidant and Biological Potential of Different Parts of Scorzonera undulata

The genus Scorzonera has various medicinal values. Species belonging to this genus were traditionally used as drugs or in food. The current study aimed to determine the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and biological properties of the tuber, leaf, and flower of Scorzonera undulata extracts, collected from the southwest of Tunisia. Phenolic compounds from the three parts were extracted using two solvents (water and ethanol) and two extraction techniques (maceration and ultrasound). The total phenolic content was measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay. Furthermore, the chemical composition of Scorzonera undulata extract was also investigated by the LC-ESI–MS method using phenolic acid and flavonoid standards. The variation of the extraction methods induced a variation in the real potentialities of the three parts in terms of bioactive molecules. However, the aerial part of S. undulata (leaves and flowers) showed, in general, the highest phenolic contents. Twenty-five volatile compounds have been detected by GC-MS in S. undulata extracts; among them, fourteen were identified before derivatization. The DPPH test showed that the aerial part of the plant has a higher antioxidant activity compared to the tuber (25.06% at 50 µg/mL for the leaf ethanolic extract obtained by ultrasound extraction). For most biological activities (anti-Xanthine, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic (alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase)), the aerial parts (flowers and leaves) of the plant showed the highest inhibition than tubers.
Residual kriging analysis of airborne measurements: application to the mapping of atmospheric boundary‐layer thermal structures in a mountain valley

Residual kriging (RK) is applied to data from measurements performed with an instrumented motorglider in an Alpine Valley, where a coupled lake and valley wind develops. Results provide an insight into a typical mean vertical structure of the valley boundary layer, displaying a rather shallow convective mixed layer, surmounted by a deep stable layer. Mapping with RK allows to detect spatial temperature anomalies associated with the local development of diurnal winds over each explored valley cross section. Local scale features, such as cross‐valley thermal asymmetries, amenable to surface inhomogeneities and their effects on heat fluxes, are also identified. Copyright © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
The Gradient Genesis of Stratospheric Trace Species in the Subtropics and around the Polar Vortex

Abstract Mechanisms that control the formation and decay of meridional gradients in stratospheric trace species in the subtropics and around the polar vortex are investigated using a gradient genesis equation that uses mass-weighted isentropic zonal means. Application of this method to global nitrous oxide (N2O) data output from a global chemical transport model shows that mean vertical transport increases the meridional tracer gradient from the subtropics to midlatitudes through the shearing deformation, particularly related to overturning of the Brewer–Dobson circulation. Mean meridional transport advects the subtropical tracer gradient toward midlatitudes, while the eddy stairstep effect, steepening at the edge of the well-mixed region because of a meridional gradient in the diffusion coefficient, increases the tracer gradient in the subtropics and around the polar vortex. Mechanisms controlling the evolution of the tracer gradients in the subtropics differ between spring and autumn. The autumnal subtr.
Weakly nonlinear shallow water magnetohydrodynamic waves

We consider an electrically conducting rotating fluid governed by the shallow water magnetohydrodynamic equations with no diffusion. We use an a priori asymptotic technique (the method of geometric optics or ray method) to study weakly nonlinear hydromagnetic waves. These waves are intermediate in length in the following sense: they are much longer than the fluid depth but much shorter than the radius of the earth. The time scale for the waves is much longer than that of the free surface oscillations and the approximation varies on an even longer timescale. The waves we are considering are studied in the beta plane approximation for an ambient magnetic field parallel to the equator which varies in the direction perpendicular to the equator. The leading order approximation gives a dispersion relation for the waves, which are generally found to be confined to bands about the equator as well as in bands at higher and lower latitudes. At the next order of approximation, a conservation law is found for the wave amplitude. We also obtain an equation governing the behavior of the leading order mean azimuthal velocity which is forced to grow linearly with time.
Noun and Verb Impairment in Single-Word Naming and Discourse Production in Mandarin-English Bilingual Adults with Aphasia

ABSTRACT Background Previous studies on bilingualism and aphasia have identified a similar pattern of verb-noun dissociation in single-word naming (i.e., lower accuracy for verbs than nouns) in both languages. However, whether a similar pattern of verb and noun dissociation emerges in discourse production remains unknown, particularly in typologically dissimilar languages. Aims This study investigated patterns of verb and noun impairment in both single-word naming and discourse production, and whether naming was associated with lexical retrieval in discourse production in Mandarin-English bilingual adults with aphasia (BWA). Methods Twelve Mandarin-English bilinguals with chronic aphasia completed standardized assessments on object and action naming, and three discourse tasks from the AphasiaBank (i.e., sequential pictures, single-picture, storytelling) in both L1 (Mandarin) and L2 (English). Item-level accuracy of object and action naming was fit into a generalized mixed-effects model to estimate single-word naming ability as a function of grammatical category. The proportion of verb and noun production and the number of verbs and nouns per utterance were fit into multivariate linear regression models to assess lexical retrieval in discourse. Finally, another linear regression was performed to examine the association between naming and lexical retrieval in discourse production. Results The naming accuracy for verbs was lower than for nouns in both L1 and L2. Mandarin-English BWA also demonstrated less production of verbs than nouns in discourse. However, depending on the type of the task, the effect of word category was greater in L2 than in L1. This cross-linguistic difference of the verb-noun dissociation was diminished in individuals with lower aphasia severity. Our results further showed a direct relationship between naming and lexical retrieval in discourse, irrespective of the language. Conclusions Our findings suggest an overall similar pattern of verb and noun dissociation across different linguistic contexts. However, depending on the cognitive-linguistic demands of the task, the verb-noun dissociation may emerge in L1 and L2 to varying degrees in individuals with different levels of aphasia severity. This study facilitates better understanding of verb and noun retrieval in Mandarin-English BWA.
Adaptive Neural Control of Flight-Style AUV for Subsea Cable Tracking Under Electromagnetic Localization Guidance

This article focuses on an industrial system for the intelligent inspection of subsea cables based on a flight-style autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) that tracks the route of subsea cable guided by electromagnetic localization signals. The intelligent inspection system consists of electromagnetic localization and autonomous tracking control modules. The electromagnetic localization algorithm for subsea cable is geometrically derived based on the electromagnetic sequences measured with two triaxial sensors that are symmetrically mounted on the forewings of a flight-style AUV. The argument results on the singularity, sensitivity, and consistency of the localization algorithm provide guidelines for designing the cable-tracking AUV prototypes and planning the near-bottom cable-tracking tasks. Subsequently, the cable-tracking control schemes for decoupled AUV heading and diving subsystems are developed by using the localization results. Particularly, the vector field guidance based on the localization results is designed to overcome the challenges, including underactuation and the lack of cable-tracking error dynamics. To minimize the electromagnetic noise interference and to relax the dependence on the accurate AUV hydrodynamics, the kinematic virtual control signals are filtered with low-pass filters, and neural networks are applied to approximate dynamics. Finally, an integrated simulation study is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed electromagnetic localization-guided autonomous cable-tracking system.
Coronary ostial stenosis after coronary artery bypass graft and combined aortic valve replacement: case report

Introduction and Importance: A 65-year-old patient with the left anterior descending artery (LAD) ostial stenosis proved by coronary angiography is presented. LAD ostial stenosis is an uncommon condition whose etiology is unknown. The patient also had a coronary artery bypass graft combined with aortic valve replacement 13 years ago. The clinical and angiographic profiles of the patient are discussed here, supported by the literature. Case Presentation: A 65-year-old female patient with a medical history of hypertension and dyslipidemia came to the outpatient department with a complaint of chest pain and shortness of breath. Coronary angiography was carried out in 2008, which revealed triple vessel coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and ostial stenosis. In 2009, the patient underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery combined with aortic valve replacement and remained asymptomatic thereafter. In 2022, transthoracic echocardiography and a Doppler study were conducted, which revealed normal size left ventricle, an ejection fraction of 55%, and diastolic dysfunction grade I. A graft study was done, which revealed left main and right coronary artery were normal, and the left circumflex artery with mild stenosis and obtuse marginal with subtotal stenosis and severe ostial stenosis of the LAD was observed. Clinical Discussion: Recognizing this complication early can prevent life-threatening complications and is then of the utmost importance. Coronary ostial stenosis is an uncommon but potentially dangerous consequence of aortic valve replacement whose etiology is not well understood in the literature. Rapid clinical identification is therefore essential. Coronary angiography needs to be done right away if coronary ostial stenosis is suspected. The mainstay of treatment for ostial stenosis is coronary artery bypass surgery or percutaneous coronary angioplasty. Since the patient has already undergone a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, there is a significant risk of redoing CABG, as it is associated with considerable morbidity, which has a negative effect on long-term quality of life. Conclusion: Despite the fact that CABG is the most common form of therapy, percutaneous coronary intervention has demonstrated good short-term outcomes. To assess the effectiveness of CABG with drug-eluting stents for the treatment of coronary ostial stenosis, further information on long-term outcomes is required.
Spanish lexical stress produced by proficient Mandarin learners of Spanish

L2 learners produce the Spanish lexical stress differently from native speakers in various aspects. However, relatively fewer studies have focused on how Mandarin learners of Spanish produce lexical stress and how it influences vowel quality. In this study, ten Mandarin students with advanced Spanish proficiency and six Spanish native speakers completed text-reading and word-reading tasks in Spanish. The results revealed that (a) Mandarin students encoded Spanish lexical stress with pitch contrast more than duration or intensity, which added positive evidence for the phonetic approaches to L2 lexical stress acquisition because only pitch is relevant to Mandarin lexical tones. (b) Moreover, lexical stress enhanced the mouth aperture of /a, o/ for Spanish natives but that of /e, i, o/ for Mandarin students, which suggests that L2 learners still differ from native speakers in speech production, even at a high proficiency level.
Optimizing Agronomic, Environmental, Health and Economic Performances in Summer Maize Production through Fertilizer Nitrogen Management Strategies

Although nitrogen (N) fertilizer application plays an essential role in improving crop productivity, an inappropriate management can result in negative impacts on environment and human health. To break this dilemma, a 12-year field experiment (2008–2019) with five N application rates was conducted on the North China Plain (NCP) to evaluate the integrated impacts of optimizing N management (Opt. N, 160 kg N ha−1 on average) on agronomic, environmental, health, and economic performances of summer maize production. Over the 12-year study, the Opt. N treatment achieved the maximal average grain yield (10.6 Mg ha−1) and grain protein yield (793 kg ha−1) among five N treatments. The life cycle assessment methodology was applied to determine the negative impacts on environmental and human health, and both of them increased with the N rate. Compared with the farmers’ conventional N rate (250 kg N ha−1), the Opt. N treatment reduced acidification, eutrophication, global warming, and energy depletion potentials by 29%, 42%, 35%, and 18%, respectively, and reduced the health impact by 32% per Mg of grain yield or grain protein yield produced. Both the Opt. N and Opt. N*50–70% treatments resulted in high private profitability (2038 USD ha−1), ecosystem economic benefit (1811 USD ha−1), and integrated compensation benefit (17,548 USD ha−1). This study demonstrates the potential benefits of long-term optimizing of N management to maintain high maize yields and grain quality, to reduce various environmental impacts and health impacts, and to enhance economic benefits. These benefits can be further enhanced when Opt. N was combined with advanced agronomic management practices. The results also suggest that reducing the optimal N rate from 160 to 145 kg N ha−1 is achievable to further reduce the negative impacts while maintaining high crop productivity. In conclusion, optimizing the N management is essential to promote sustainable summer maize production on the NCP.
Multiple pressure variables methods for fluid flow at all Mach numbers

In this paper we present a method for the simulation of incompressible as well as compressible unsteady flows. At first we discuss three different forms, i.e. a primitive‐, conservative‐ and a semi‐conservative form of the governing equations. We use a semi‐implicit time integration in such a fashion that the stability is guaranteed independently of the speed of sound and the resulting method is independent of the Mach number range. Moreover, with the application of the so‐called multiple pressure variables (MPV) approach the difficulties with the pressure term can be circumvented as in the incompressible limit the hydrodynamic pressure decouples from the equation of state. Increasing approximation errors in the low Mach number regime are avoided. As a result, the proposed algorithm can also simulate incompressible flows as limit for zero Mach number. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ‘entraining plume’ model of a spilling breaker

It is proposed that a spilling breaker can be regarded as a turbulent gravity current riding down the forward slope of a wave, and can be treated using methods which have been successful in other contexts. The whitecap retains its identity because it is lighter than the water below, owing to the trapping of air bubbles, and information from laboratory experiments is used to estimate the density of the air-water mixture in different circumstances. Entrainment of water from below, at a rate E(Ri0,) which is a function of the overall Richardson number Ri0, has two opposing effects. It provides increasing mass and buoyancy fluxes which can produce an accelerating flow and it also gives rise to a drag, because the entrained fluid has upslope momentum (inco-ordinates moving with the wave crest). A similarity solution is obtained under the assumptions that the flow is steady in time, and that the slope and the density difference remain constant. In this solution, the thickness of the whitecap is proportional to the distances measured from the crest of the wave. The tangential velocity is proportional to s½. Since the velocity in a Stokes 120° angle is also proportional to s½ this implies that such a flow can start from a small disturbance with zero flux, and propagate with constant acceleration. An important consequence of the analysis is that solutions of this kind are possible only when the slope and the density difference between the whitecap and the water below are sufficiently large; otherwise the upward drag dominates, and a self-sustaining flow cannot form. For a slope of 30°, near the crest of the breaking wave, the theory predicts that a density difference greater than 8% is required to sustain a steady motion, at which point the downslope velocity is 12% of the opposing velocity at the wave surface. A 'starting plume’ model of the advancing front of the breaker is also discussed, which suggests that this too will be accelerating uniformly, but will have a velocity somewhat less than that in the flow behind. A comparison with the laboratory observations of Kjeldsen & Olsen verifies several features of the model, including the order of magnitude of the relative velocities in the whitecaps and the wave beneath. It also reveals the intermittent nature of the flow, which is here explained as due to the intermittent rounding of the wave crest due to damping of the wave by the whitecap on the forward face.
Reconciliating the Vertical and Horizontal Gradients of the Sunspot Magnetic Field

In the literature, we found 15 references showing that the sunspot photospheric magnetic field vertical gradient is on the order of 3-4 G/km, with field strength decreasing with height, whereas the horizontal gradient is nine times weaker on the order of 0.4-0.5 G/km. This is confirmed by our recent THEMIS observations. As a consequence, the vanishing of is not realized. In other words, a loss of magnetic flux is observed with increasing height, which is not compensated for by an increase of the horizontal flux. We show that the lack of spatial resolution, vertical as well as horizontal, cannot be held responsible for the nonvanishing observed . The present paper is devoted to the investigation of this problem. We investigate how the magnetic field is influenced by the plasma anisotropy due to the stratification, which is responsible for an “aspect ratio” between horizontal and vertical typical lengths. On the example of our THEMIS observations, made of two spectral lines formed at two different depths, which enables the retrieval of the three components entering , it is shown that once this aspect ratio is applied, the rescaled vanishes, which suggests a new methodology for MHD modeling in the photosphere.
Homogenization of understory vegetation by an overabundance of deer (Cervus nippon) in a temperate forest in central Japan

ABSTRACT Deer browsing is a form of selective disturbance that homogenizes plant community composition and structure. In mountainous regions, disturbance intensity, together with topographical factors, affect plant communities. However, studies on the multiple effects of deer browsing and topographical factors on plant communities are limited. Here, we investigated the effects of deer exclusion on understory vegetation across the upper and lower slopes of a temperate deciduous forest in a mountainous area of Japan. We established six pairs of exclosure and control quadrats, with three pairs at each topographical position. We assessed changes in vegetation and plant structure (coverage and height), species composition, numbers of flowering/fruiting species, and damage to the plant species caused by deer browsing between 2009–2016. Vegetation coverage and the number of flowering/fruiting plant species increased in the exclosure quadrats during the study period, indicating that browsing prevents herb-layer species from reaching the flowering and fruiting stages in this site. Moreover, dissimilarity in species composition between the exclosure and control quadrats increased on the upper slope. However, the dissimilarity between upper and lower slopes in the control quadrats tended to decrease. Large herbs, which mainly include forbs and perennial species, were characteristically abundant on the lower slopes and decreased in the control quadrats on the lower slope. Our results indicate that the exclusion of deer had different effects on the understory vegetation of upper and lower slopes, suggesting that deer overbrowsing weakens the correlation between plant functional traits and topographic factors, resulting in homogenized plant communities.