Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Study of the Effect of Forced Convection on Mass Transport from a Thin Oblate Spheroid of Ice in Air

Abstract Numerical solutions have been found for the vapor density field around a simple ice plate, idealized as an oblate spheroid of axis ratio 0.05, having Reynolds numbers between 0.1 and 20, and failing in a fluid of Schmidt number 0.71. The present solutions are compared with experimental data after Thorpe and Mason for evaporating ice plates, the numerical results of Masliyah and Epstein for oblate spheroids of axis ratio 0.2, and the analytical results of Brenner for thin disks. It is shown that the ventilation coefficient varies linearly with NSc⅓NRc½ at higher Reynolds numbers, while as the Reynolds number approaches zero it approaches its stationary value via the analytical solution of Brenner. Over the range of Reynolds numbers investigated, ventilation coefficients for thin oblate spheroids were found to be lower than those for spheres.
Chirality in molecular films at the air-water interface

Second Harmonic Generation was used to study the optical properties of molecular films formed at the air-water interface. The technique was first applied to a two-dimensional film of 4-(4-dihexadecylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridinium iodide (DiA) formed at the air-water interface in a Langmuir trough. The SHG intensity was measured as a function of the incident fundamental and outgoing harmonic wave polarization angles at different states of the monolayer compression. The film revealed chirality arising from the formation of molecular aggregates and it was demonstrated that this chirality property arose from the coupling of the electric and magnetic fields at the fundamental frequency. In a second stage, we applied the SHG technique to follow the emergence of chirality during the compression of a molecular film of the amphiphilic compound 5-(octadecyloxy)-2-(2-thiazolylazo) phenol (TARC18). A similar behavior was observed and it was shown that the same origin was responsible for the appearance of chirality. Polarization resolved intensity measurements demonstrated that the magnetic dipole contribution was the dominant one.
Characterization of inclined GaSb nanopillars by Mueller matrix ellipsometry

Inclined GaSb nanopillars prepared by low energy ion sputtering with oblique ion beam incidence have been characterized by two different Mueller matrix ellipsometric tools. The optical properties of the nanopillars were found to be well described by a uniaxial anisotropic graded effective medium model. The pillar height and inclination angle were determined by fitting the parameters of the effective medium model to spectroscopic (1.44–2.88 eV) Mueller matrix measurements at multiple azimuth sample orientations. A set of different samples with various average pillar height and inclination angle was studied; results from the optical characterization correspond well with those from scanning electron microscopy analysis. For samples with nanopillars inclined by 45° or less, the height could be determined from a single Mueller matrix measurement at only one azimuth orientation, allowing real-time in situ observation of the formation. The nanopillars were also studied using a single wavelength angle resolved Mu.
Errata to “Dynamics of asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds”

Abstract Theorem 1.4 of the article in question—its main result—is a prime orbit theorem for the geodesic flow of asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds with negative sectional curvatures. We correct a typo and supply a missing technical assumption to make the result and its proof correct. We also supply a remainder term required in the dynamical wave trace formula given in Theorem 1.1, relating the length spectrum to the regularized trace of the wave group. This correction does not affect the main terms in the trace formula nor its application by Borthwick and Perry (2011).
THE ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF 1010 INVERSION DOMAIN BOUNDARIES IN GAN/SAPPHIRE LAYERS

Using high resolution electron microscopy and extensive image simulation, the atomic structure of the inversion boundaries has been determined in GaN layers grown on sapphire by electron cyclotron resonance assisted molecular beam epitaxy. They form nanometric domains (5–20 nm) limited by {1010} planes crossing the whole epitaxial layer. These small dimensions excluded the use of more conventional microscopy methods such as convergent beam diffraction for their characterization. For image simulations, up to 10 models including the well known Austerman–Gehman and Holt ones were considered for the boundary atomic structure. The overall agreement with the observed contrast was reached for a Holt type model of structure in which the boundary plane contains two wrong bonds per atom. Although the overall atomic configuration is neutral in {1010} boundary planes, it is expected to be highly energetic in ionic materials like GaN due to the difference in Ga–Ga and N–N bond length and local charge difference. Thi.
Do advanced physics students learn from their mistakes without explicit intervention

We discuss a case study in which 14 advanced undergraduate physics students taking an honor-level quantum mechanics course were given the same four problems on midterm and final exams. The solutions to the midterm problems were provided to students. Their performance on the final exam shows that although some advanced students performed equally well or improved compared to their performance on the midterm exam on the problems given twice, a comparable number performed less well on the final than on the midterm exam. The wide distribution of students’ performance on problems given again suggests that most advanced students do not automatically use their mistakes as an opportunity for learning, repairing, extending, and organizing their knowledge structure. Interviews with a subset of the students revealed attitudes toward problem solving and gave insight into their approach to learning.
Osteosynthesis-associated infection of the lower limbs by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: a multicentre cohort study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was the clinical and therapeutic assessment of lower-limb osteosynthesis-associated infection (OAI) by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), which have been poorly studied to date. Methods: A prospective multicentre observational study was conducted on behalf of ESGIAI (the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group on Implant-Associated Infections). Factors associated with remission of the infection were evaluated by multivariate and Cox regression analysis for a 24-month follow-up period. Results: Patients ( n = 57 ) had a history of trauma (87.7 %), tumour resection (7 %) and other bone lesions (5.3 %). Pathogens included Escherichia coli ( n = 16 ), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( n = 14 ; XDR 50 %), Klebsiella spp. ( n = 7 ), Enterobacter spp. ( n = 9 ), Acinetobacter spp. ( n = 5 ), Proteus mirabilis ( n = 3 ), Serratia marcescens ( n = 2 ) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ( n = 1 ). The prevalence of ESBL (extended-spectrum β -lactamase), fluoroquinolone and carbapenem resistance were 71.9 %, 59.6 % and 17.5 % respectively. Most patients ( n = 37 ; 64.9 %) were treated with a combination including carbapenems ( n = 32 ) and colistin ( n = 11 ) for a mean of 63.3 d. Implant retention with debridement occurred in early OAI (66.7 %), whereas the infected device was removed in late OAI (70.4 %) ( p = 0.008 ). OAI remission was achieved in 29 cases (50.9 %). The type of surgery, antimicrobial resistance and duration of treatment did not significantly influence the outcome. Independent predictors of the failure to eradicate OAI were age > 60 years (hazard ratio, HR, of 3.875; 95 % confidence interval, CI95 %, of 1.540-9.752; p = 0.004 ) and multiple surgeries for OAI (HR of 2.822; CI95 % of 1.144-6.963; p = 0.024 ). Conclusions: Only half of the MDR/XDR GNB OAI cases treated by antimicrobials and surgery had a successful outcome. Advanced age and multiple surgeries hampered the eradication of OAI. Optimal therapeutic options remain a challenge.
Disparities in HIV Testing, Condom Use, and HIV Education Between Transgender and Not Transgender High School–Aged Youth: Findings From the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey

Transgender individuals are disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States. Given increased risk of HIV among youth, there is a need to understand HIV risk and protective factors among transgender individuals who are 18 years and younger. Patterns of HIV testing, HIV education, and condom use have known associations with HIV outcomes among youth in general, but are understudied among transgender youth. This study assessed these outcomes by developing a series of sex-stratified multivariable logistic regression models using pooled Youth Risk Behavior Survey data. Results indicate female and male transgender youth as well as males who were not sure they were transgender were more likely have tested for HIV compared with their not transgender peers. Male transgender youth were significantly less likely to have received HIV education compared with not transgender males. Females not sure if they were transgender and male transgender youth were significantly less likely to have used condoms compared with, respectively, not transgender female and not transgender male counterparts. In sum, condom use and HIV education both remain lower among transgender individuals relative to their not-transgender peers. This highlights the need for the promotion of culturally appropriate HIV education and HIV prevention supports among transgender youth.
Associations between parental mental health and their children social-emotional development among Japanese families

ABSTRACT This study examined the associations between parental mental health and children’s social-emotional outcomes among Japanese families. Children (n = 493) were identified from the Japan Household Panel Study and the Japan Child Panel Survey. Parental mental health was associated with children’s social-emotional outcomes. The effects of maternal mental health on children’s social-emotional outcomes were moderated by paternal mental health status. Children demonstrated better social-emotional outcomes when both parents had better mental health status. Mental health policies and programs should focus on families as a whole rather than solely on the child or the parents and provide awareness of and connection to program
FUSE OBSERVATIONS REVEAL THE NATURE OF THE STELLAR JETS IN R Aqr

R Aquarii is a symbiotic system consisting of a Mira variable and a white dwarf companion. Its jet-like structures have been observed in the X-rays through the radio and extend up to 2500 AU from the central object. We report Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer observations of O vi emission from these stellar jets that reveal signature line profiles of bow shocks. We have calculated bow shock models for a fully radiative shock, fully non-radiative shock, and a new hybrid set of models. We found that fully non-radiative shocks do not produce good fits to the data. While a fully radiative bow shock model cannot be excluded, the high densities required led us to develop hybrid bow shock models in which the shock is non-radiative near the apex of the bow shock, but becomes radiative at some distance from the apex. The model that best fits the data is the hybrid bow shock with a shock speed of approximately 235–285 km s−1 and an inclination angle of ∼ +10° and +35° with the plane of the sky for the northeast and the southwest jets, respectively. A turbulent velocity of about 60 km s−1 was required to obtain good fits. Surprisingly, both of the opposing jets have similar model parameters in spite of their very different O vi flux and distance from the central object. This analysis confirms the ejecta bow shock scenario as opposed to the cloudlet bow shock, constraining the mechanism of jet production to characteristics of the central object. The striking similarities in the physical parameters of the jets indicate a common origin and support the precessing accretion disk scenario for the white dwarf in the R Aqr system. For both jets we find pre-shock densities in the range of 103–104 cm−3 at positions of the brightest X-ray emission from the jets, which are also the positions of the apparent outer terminal points of the jets, providing strong support for the theory that the emission and shock structures we are seeing are produced when the jet material interacts with an external nebular wall.
Developing regional voluntary carbon markets for peatlands: innovation processes and influencing factors

ABSTRACT Integrating peatland restoration measures with climate policy is critical for meeting climate targets, but the current policies often fall short of utilizing the large potential that exists. Despite growing private sector interest, few regional voluntary carbon markets for peatlands have emerged worldwide. In this study, we explore three pioneering examples from Europe. From the perspective of social innovation, we aim to provide clarity on how these innovations emerged and developed, which actors drove the innovation process by assuming which roles, and which factors fostered or hindered the development. We do so by mapping the innovation process using Process Net-Map. The results show that all three cases have followed remarkably similar patterns in their innovation processes. Four phases, i.e. preparation, definition, refinement, and up-scaling were identified, as were actors’ roles as innovators, promoters, intermediaries, implementers, and knowledge providers. However, the case studies are very different with regard to which actor constellation drove the innovation process: MoorFutures is driven by public and scientific actors, Valuta vor Veen is promoted by civil society actors in consultation with practitioners, and Hiilipörssi shifted from civil society to private actors. The governance modes, that is, actor constellation and their goals, have led to differences in concept, robustness of methodology, mitigation measure, and possibly potential for up-scaling. Our study indicates that the timing of interventions when actors with certain roles stepped in can accelerate the innovation process. Important political, economic, technical, and social factors influencing the innovation process, especially knowledge and trust accumulated between some key actors, are outlined. Key policy insights Private funding for regional voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) can tap the climate mitigation potential from peatlands, which is not currently adequately addressed by governments. Actor constellation drove the innovation process, leading to different concepts, methodologies, and mitigation measures. The timing of interventions by actors, notably providing seed funding, network, expertise and visibility, was critical for success. Building trust for regional VCMs requires not only a robust methodology to calculate emission reductions but also partnership and endorsement. The future development of climate policy on peatlands could be a decisive factor in regional VCMs.
A multinational cross-sectional study on the awareness and concerns of healthcare providers toward monkeypox and the promotion of the monkeypox vaccination

Background The aim of this study was to explore potential healthcare workers' (HCWs) concerns about the monkeypox virus in order to create practical solutions to manage this disease. Methods Online cross-sectional research was conducted in 11 Arabic countries (Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Syria, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Iraq, Palestine, Jordan, and Sudan) from 2 August 2022 to 28 December 2022. Results Approximately 82% of respondents felt the need to acquire further information. The acceptability of the vaccine against monkeypox has been indicated by more than half of the participants (54.5%). Furthermore, we state that 45% of the participants are knowledgeable about the monkeypox virus, and 53.1% of the participants have never been affected with COVID-19 before are more worried about COVID-19 than about monkeypox. Participants diagnosed with COVID-19 were 0.63 times less likely to worry about monkeypox than those who were not diagnosed with COVID-19. A greater willingness to get the monkeypox vaccination was seen among the age group 21–30 years (42.4%) compared to the other age groups. Conclusion Most healthcare professionals have a moderate knowledge of the monkeypox virus. Furthermore, they demonstrated a low willingness to get the vaccination against the monkeypox virus.
A Gronwall inequality for linear Stieltjes integrals

This paper provides a Gronwall type inequality which includes the one found by Schmaedeke and Sell [4]. Suppose that 5 is an interval of real numbers containing zero and OB is the collection of functions from 5 to the real numbers each member of which is of bounded variation on each finite interval of 5. The numeral 1 will also denote the constant function from 5 which has only the value 1; if x is in 5, then lx denotes the function from 5 which has the value 1 at x and the value 0 elsewhere; and 0X denotes the function 1 — lx. Let J he a function from OB to the collection of functions from SXS to the real numbers having the following properties: if each of/and g is in OB and {x, y, z\ is in SXSXS then (1) J\f](x, y)+J[g](x, y)=J[f+g](x, y), (2) if r is a number then J[r-f](x, y) =r-j[f](x, y), (3) J[f](x, y)+l[f](y, z)=j[f](x, z) provided that x^y^z or x^y^z, (4) J[f](x, z) = 0 provided that/(y)^0 for x^y^z or x^y^z, and (5) if x is in . S and x = 0 then each of j[0j;](x, x+) and /[lj;](x_, x) is less than 1; whereas, if x is in 5 and x^O then each of j[lx](x+, x) and /[Oz^x, x~) is less than 1.
Right and left-wing views: A story of disagreement on environmental issues but agreement on solutions.

Environmental issues are often presented as becoming increasingly polarised with the deepening of a political gap between left-wing (or liberal) and right-wing (or conservative) citizens. Going beyond the most investigated single issue of climate change, we look at prioritisation of multiple environmental issues across the political spectrum. We additionally investigate which environmental modes of action individuals evaluate as most effective, depending on political orientation. We finally aim to identify psychological attributes that make environmental issues and actions more likely to be prioritised by both sides of the political spectrum. Amongst a representative UK sample (Study 1, N = 1,147) results highlight an important political divide on several issues, most notably climate change, but also agreement on other issues. Comparison of the issues most selected by the left and the right reveals differential prioritisation associated with perceived psychological distance (Study 2, N = 207). Crucially, however, results show a broad consensus regarding modes of action. Across the political spectrum, respondents evaluate strong actions (i.e., compulsory, loss-framed, and challenging economic growth principles) as more effective, which might speak to the public’s newest and accelerating urgency of tackling environmental issues. There are important implications for policy makers: if the aim is to achieve cross-political commitment to policies and action on environmental issues, then persuasive discourse should focus on modes of action rather than the prioritisation of particular issues. Given that the public recognises the need for ambitious actions, policy makers could seize this opportunity to propose forward strong (and objectively effective) action.
Sensitivity, Structure, and Dynamics of Singular Vectors Associated with Hurricane Helene (2006)

AbstractThe sensitivity of singular vectors (SVs) associated with Hurricane Helene (2006) to resolution and diabatic processes is investigated. Furthermore, the dynamics of their growth are analyzed. The SVs are calculated using the tangent linear and adjoint model of the integrated forecasting system (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts with a spatial resolution up to TL255 (~80 km) and 48-h optimization time. The TL255 moist (diabatic) SVs possess a three-dimensional spiral structure with significant horizontal and vertical upshear tilt within the tropical cyclone (TC). Also, their amplitude is larger than that of dry and lower-resolution SVs closer to the center of Helene. Both higher resolution and diabatic processes result in stronger growth being associated with the TC compared to other flow features. The growth of the SVs in the vicinity of Helene is associated with baroclinic and barotropic mechanisms. The combined effect of higher resolution and diabatic processes leads.
Effect of feeding larvae meal in the diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality in broiler chicken

Larvae meal has been reported as a suitable alternative protein source to fish meal and soybean meal. It contains necessary essential amino acids required in poultry feeding. A feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of feeding different levels of larvae meal on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass and meat quality, and bacterial count. Day-old male broiler chicks (216) were raised for 42 days. Birds were weighed and randomly allotted into 6 dietary treatments consisting of 6 replicates (pens) per treatment and 6 birds in each replicate. The dietary treatments were supplemented with earth larvae meal by 0% (control group), 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%. The feed and drinking water were provided ad lib. The findings showed that body weight, average daily gain and total weight gain for group of birds fed 0% larvae meal significantly decreased compared to those chickens fed 8% and 10% larvae meal. A higher crude protein digestibility was found in birds fed with larvae meal. Control group had the highest Enterobacteriaceae count compared to the other treatments. Larvae meal supplementation improved the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality of broiler chicken and decreased excreta Enterobacteriaceae counts.
Ecological awareness among secondary school pupils

This paper presents the results of quantitative research to survey ecological awareness among pupils in terms of three interlinked components: knowledge, attitudes and behavior. The survey participants were 529 secondary school pupils from the city of Zagreb, and the instrument used was a survey questionnaire. The analysis of the results shows that Zagreb secondary school pupils are environmentally aware to some extent but that there is room for improvement in regard to their familiarity with certain concepts in the area of ecology and changing behavior related to environmental protection. The survey identified statistically significant differences in pro-environmental behavior among respondents based on gender and class year in a number of situations. The results indicate the need to continually work on raising awareness of ecological issues and environmental protection, especially in terms of familiarising pupils with fundamental ecological concepts and pro-environmental behavior.