Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multimodal mismatch responses in associative but not primary visual cortex support hierarchical predictive coding in cortical networks

A key function of the mammalian neocortex is to process sensory data in the context of current and past stimuli. Primary sensory cortices, such as V1, respond weakly to stimuli that typical in their context but strongly to novel stimuli, an effect known as “deviance detection”. How deviance detection occurs in associative cortical regions that are downstream of V1 is not well-understood. Here we investigated parietal associative area (PTLp) responses to auditory, visual, and audio-visual mismatches with two-photon calcium imaging and local field potential recordings. We employed basic unisensory auditory and visual oddball paradigms as well as a novel multisensory oddball paradigm, involving typical parings (VaAc or VbAd) presented at p=. 88 with rare “deviant” pairings (e.g. VaAd or VbAc) presented at p=. 12. We found that PTLp displayed robust deviance detection responses to auditory-visual mismatches, both in individual neurons and in population theta and gamma-band oscillations. In contrast, V1 neurons displayed deviance detection only to visual deviants in a unisensory context, but not to auditory or auditory-visual mismatches. Taken together, these results accord with a predictive processing framework for cortical responses, wherein modality specific prediction errors (i.e. deviance detection responses) are computed in functionally specified cortical areas and feed-forward to update higher brain regions.
The effects of age on neural correlates of recollection: transient versus sustained fMRI effects

Prior fMRI findings in young adults indicate that recollection-sensitive neural regions dissociate according to the time courses of their respective recollection effects. Here, we examined whether such dissociations are also evident in older adults. Young and older participants encoded a series of word-object image pairs, judging which of the denoted objects was the smaller. At test, participants first judged whether a test word was old or new. For items judged old, they were required to recall the associated image and hold it in mind across a variable delay period. A post-delay cue denoted which of three judgments should be made on the retrieved image. Older adults demonstrated significantly lower associative memory performance than young adults. Replicating prior findings, transient recollection effects were identified in the left hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate, while sustained effects were widespread across left lateral cortex and were also evident in the bilateral striatum. With the exception of those in the left insula, all effects were age-invariant. These findings add to the evidence that recollection-related BOLD effects in different neural regions can be temporally dissociated. Additionally, the findings suggest that both transient and sustained recollection effects are largely stable across much of the healthy adult lifespan.
A quantum-mechanical central limit theorem

The concepts of distribution operator, stochastic independence, convergence in distribution and normal distribution are formulated for pairs of canonically conjugate quantum-mechanical momentum and position operators. It is shown that if the sequence (pn , qn ), n = 1, 2, ··· is stochastically independent and identically distributed with finite covariance and zero mean then the sequence of pairs of canonical observables converges in distribution to a normal limit distribution.
A Preliminary Pathological Evaluation of Extracellular Volume Fraction with Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography as a Novel Quantitative Parameter of Pancreatic Fibrosis

Objective The extracellular volume (ECV) calculated based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) has been reported as a novel imaging parameter reflecting the morphological change of fibrosis in several parenchymal organs. Our retrospective study assessed the validity of the ECV fraction for diagnosing pancreatic fibrosis and the appropriate imaging condition as the “equilibrium phase”. Methods In 27 patients undergoing multiphasic CT and subsequent pancreaticoduodenectomy, we investigated pathological fibrotic changes related to the ECV fraction and conducted analyses using the value obtained by subtracting the equilibrium CT value of the portal vein from that of the abdominal aorta (Ao-PVequilibrium) to estimate eligibility of the equilibrium phase. Results In all patients, the ECV fraction showed a weak positive correlation with the collagenous compartment ratio (r=0.388, p=0.045). All patients were divided into two groups - the high-Ao-PVequilibrium group and low-Ao-PVequilibrium group - based on the median value. No significant correlation was found in the high-Ao-PVequilibrium group, whereas a significant correlation was observed in the low-Ao-PVequilibrium group (r=0.566, p=0.035). Conclusion The ECV fraction is a possible predictive factor for histopathological pancreatic fibrosis. In its clinical application, the eligibility of the “equilibrium phase” may affect the diagnostic capability. It will be necessary to verify the imaging conditions in order to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis.
On the distributional divergence of vector fields vanishing at infinity

The equation div υ = F has a solution υ in the space of continuous vector fields vanishing at infinity if and only if F acts linearly on BVm/(m−1)(ℝm) (the space of functions in Lm/(m−1)(ℝm) whose distributional gradient is a vector-valued measure) and satisfies the following continuity condition: F(uj) converges to zero for each sequence {uj} such that the measure norms of ∇j are uniformly bounded and uj ⇀ 0 weakly in Lm/(m−1)(ℝm).
Dynamic Channel Assignment for Downlink and Uplink Decoupling in Wireless Networks

The demand for wireless communication capacity continues to increase with the extensive usage of smartphones, tablets, and devices that are related to the Internet of Things (IoT). However, devices and base stations are diversified, and base stations of various sizes are mixed. In existing cellular networks, the transmission powers of the base stations are different. If the downlink received power from the base station that belongs to the device is maximum, the uplink received power from the device at the base station is not always the maximum. This study maximizes the power that is received from the device through downlink-uplink decoupling (DUDe). DUDe can improve the spectral efficiency by selecting the downlink base station and the uplink base station independently in a network with base stations with different transmission powers. This study focuses on two technologies, DUDe and the dynamic channel assignment (DCA). It proposes an association algorithm to solve the dynamic combinational optimization problem for uplink and downlink cellular networks separately using DUDe. When a user device arrives, it first connects to the base station that has the maximum capacity at that time. Subsequently, by using the base station assignment at that time as an individual, the proposed method performs a more optimal base station assignment with DCA by using a genetic algorithm. The computer simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve up to a 140 % higher spectral efficiency than the existing DUDe in the fixed channel assignment (FCA).
Dubliners

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Self-Reported Fall-Related Injury and Its Associated Factors among Adults with Visual Impairment Attending St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background Falls account for vast majority of fractures and are a significant reason for trauma related hospital admissions. The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of self-reported fall, related injuries, and associated factors among adult patients with visual impairment. Methods Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2021. Systematic random sampling technique was used. The data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPPS version 26 for analysis. Frequency, mean, and percentage, were used to summarize the descriptive data. The association between the outcome variable and explanatory variables was assessed using binary and multivariate logistic regressions. The adjusted odds ratio was calculated, and variables with a p-value below 0.05 at the 95% confidence interval (CI) were considered statistically significant. Result A total of 487 study participants were involved in this study with a response rate of 93.83%. The mean age of the study participants was 52 ± 16.26 years. The overall prevalence of self-reported fall was 36.1 %. Being female, being older than 64 years of age, rural residence, fear of falling, and blind stage of visual impairment were significantly associated with falling. Conclusion The prevalence of self-reported fall was high among visually impaired individuals. Female sex, age more than 64 years, rural residence, fear of falling, and blind stage of visual impairment were significantly associated with falling. Reducing patients' chances of suffering from falling-related injuries and consequences requires raising awareness about the burden, danger, and effects of falling on persons who are visually impaired.
Assessment of the Use of Food Supplements by Military Personnel: Study Protocol and Results

Due to their specific mode of operation, military personnel are challenged physically as well as mentally. In most countries, the use of food supplements by military personnel is not regulated, and a high prevalence of supplementation is expected. However, data on this are scarce or very limited, without insights into the importance of supplementation for the intake of bioactive substances. Our goal was, therefore, to develop a study protocol to enable an assessment of the prevalence of using food supplements and an estimate of the contribution of supplementation practices to the dietary intake of specific nutrients and other compounds. The protocol was tested in a study of Slovene Armed Forces (SAF) personnel. Data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire in a sample of 470 participants from different military units—about half from the barracks located across the country, and the other half returning from military operations abroad. To provide meaningful results, we recorded the use of food supplements and functional foods available in single-sized portions (i.e., energy drinks, protein bars, etc.). Altogether, 68% of the participants reported supplementation, most commonly with vitamin, mineral, and protein supplements. Military rank, participation status in military operations, and physical activity were the main determinants of the specific supplements used. Surprisingly, a lower prevalence of overall and protein supplementation was observed in subjects returning from military operations abroad (62 vs. 74%) than in personnel stationed in barracks across Slovenia; however, the frequency of the use of energy drinks and caffeine supplements was higher in this population (25 vs. 11%). The study design allowed for estimations of the daily intake of supplemented bioactive compounds. We describe the challenges and approaches used in the study to support similar studies in the future and within other populations.
The Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Kualitas Pelayanan, dan Harga terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Chatime PIM

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti secara parsial dan simultan bagaimana pengaruh kualitas produk, kualitas pelayanan, dan harga terhadap kepuasan pelanggan Chatime PIM (Palembang Indah Mall). Sampel yang digunakan sebesar 340 sampel. Metode pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner menggunakan skala pengukuran likert. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Non probability sampling merupakan teknik untuk pengampilan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel independent berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen. Secara simultan, variabel independen berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen.
Ethoxy Groups on ZrO2, CuO, CuO/ZrO2 Al2O3, Ga2O3, SiO2 and NiO: Formation and Reactivity

The reaction of ethanol with surface OH groups on ZrO2, CuO/ZrO2, CuO, Al2O3, Ga2O3, NiO, and SiO2 was studied by IR spectroscopy. The basicity of oxides was followed by CO2 adsorption, and their ability to oxidize was investigated by H2-TPR. It has been found that ethanol reacts with surface OH groups forming ethoxy groups and water. Some oxides: ZrO2, CuO/ZrO2, Al2O3, and Ga2O3 contain several kinds of OH groups (terminal, bidentate, and tridentate) and terminal hydroxyls react with ethanol in the first order. Two kinds of ethoxyls are formed on these oxides: monodental and bidental ones. On the other hand, only one kind of ethoxy group is formed on CuO and NiO. The amount of ethoxy groups correlates with the basicity of oxides. The biggest amount of ethoxyls is produced on the most basic: ZrO2, CuO/ZrO2, and Al2O3, whereas the smallest amount of ethoxyls is produced on CuO, NiO, and Ga2O3, i.e., on oxides of lower basicity. SiO2 does not form ethoxy groups. Above 370 K ethoxy groups on CuO/ZrO2, CuO, and NiO are oxidized to acetate ions. The ability of oxides to oxidize ethoxyl groups increases in the order NiO < CuO < CuO/ZrO2. The temperature of the peak in the H2-TPR diagram decreases in the same order.
Effect of topological disorder on structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of amorphous silicon nitride: An atomistic study

: We present a first principles study of the effect of atomic variability on the structure, mechanical and electronic properties of amorphous silicon nitride. Using a combination of molecular dynamics and density functional theory calculations we predict an ensemble of statistically independent, well-relaxed and stress-free amorphous silicon nitride structures. We analyze the short, intermediate, and long-range order of the structures generated using radial distribution functions, ring statistics, bond angle distributions, and translational invariance parameters. Though energetically very similar, these structures span a wide range of densities (2.75-3.25 g/cm 3 ) and bulk moduli (115GPa to 220 GPa) in good agreement with the fabrication-dependent experimental range. Chemical bonds and atomic defects are identified via a combination of bond distance cutoff and maximally localized Wannier function analysis. A significant number of the amorphous structures generated (~30%) are defect-free providing an ideal reference to characterize the formation energy of the various point defects and their defect energy levels. An analysis of the Kohn-Sham density of states and energetics of the structures reveals that defects in amorphous dielectrics have a distribution of associated properties (e.g. formation energies and electronic energy levels) due to variations in local atomic structure; this should be taken into consideration in physics-based continuum models of these materials.
A Concept of Advanced Design Governed by Theoretically Predicted Current Distributions on the Ground Plane Beneath an Aperture-Fed Microstrip Antenna

This work addresses a concern of aperture coupled microstrip patch which is commonly overlooked. Such feeding configuration is typically believed to be immune to high cross-polar (XP) radiations, which indeed is a paradox. It actually offers considerably low XP only across H-plane, but concerning high XP over its diagonal or skewed planes (azimuth $\approx 45^{\circ }$ -70°). An aperture feed, therefore, hardly reveals any advantageous feature in terms of the overall XP discrimination. Such a major shortcoming of aperture-fed microstrip, to the best of our knowledge, has been addressed and successfully resolved in this article for the first time. It explores a way of mitigating near field issues based on theoretical analysis and has proposed a simple strategic approach to reform the same for a rectangular patch. A representative design, theoretical justification, and experimental studies with an S-band prototype have been presented. XP suppression by 11dB has been experimentally achieved in the diagonal (D-) plane with no considerable changes in its H- or E-plane. That eventually attains an overall XP discrimination by nearly 27dB from the perspective of 3D radiation scenario. The proposed technique hardly affects the co-polar radiations or gain of its traditional design. Moreover, this is satisfactorily functioning for a $2\times 2$ sub-array with a remarkable co-to-cross isolation by about 34dB over the entire radiation planes.
Aluminium in the Human Brain: Routes of Penetration, Toxicity, and Resulting Complications

Aluminium (Al) is the most ubiquitous metal in the Earth’s crust. Even though its toxicity is well-documented, the role of Al in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases remains debatable. To establish the basic framework for future studies, we review literature reports on Al toxicokinetics and its role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), alcohol use disorder (AUD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and dialysis encephalopathy (DE) from 1976 to 2022. Despite poor absorption via mucosa, the biggest amount of Al comes with food, drinking water, and inhalation. Vaccines introduce negligible amounts of Al, while the data on skin absorption (which might be linked with carcinogenesis) is limited and requires further investigation. In the above-mentioned diseases, the literature shows excessive Al accumulation in the central nervous system (AD, AUD, MS, PD, DE) and epidemiological links between greater Al exposition and their increased prevalence (AD, PD, DE). Moreover, the literature suggests that Al has the potential as a marker of disease (AD, PD) and beneficial results of Al chelator use (such as cognitive improvement in AD, AUD, MS, and DE cases).
Algorithms for Hyperparameter Tuning of LSTMs for Time Series Forecasting

The rapid growth in the use of solar energy to meet energy demands around the world requires accurate forecasts of solar irradiance to estimate the contribution of solar power to the power grid. Accurate forecasts for higher time horizons help to balance the power grid effectively and efficiently. Traditional forecasting techniques rely on physical weather parameters and complex mathematical models. However, these techniques are time consuming and produce accurate results only for short forecast horizons. Deep learning techniques such as long short-term memory (LSTM) networks are employed to learn and predict complex varying time series data. However, LSTM networks are susceptible to poor performance due to improper configuration of the hyperparameters. This work introduces two new algorithms for hyperparameter tuning of LSTM networks and a fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based data decomposition technique. This work also proposes an optimised workflow for training LSTM networks based on the above techniques. The results show a significant fitness increase from 81.20% to 95.23% and a 53.42% reduction in the RMSE for 90 min-ahead forecasts after using the optimised training workflow. The results were compared to several other techniques for forecasting solar energy for multiple forecast horizons.
Blind Multiparty Quantum Computing

Quantum computing has seen tremendous progress in the past years. However, due to limitations in scalability of quantum technologies, it seems that we are far from constructing universal quantum computers for everyday users. A more feasible solution is the delegation of computation to powerful quantum servers on the network. This solution was proposed in previous studies of Blind Quantum Computation, with guarantees for both the secrecy of the input and of the computation being performed. In this work, we further develop this idea of computing over encrypted data, to propose a multiparty delegated quantum computing protocol in the measurement-based quantum computing framework.
Upper tropospheric cloud‐radiation interaction induced by monsoon surge over the South China Sea

We have investigated cloud formation over the South China Sea in the upper troposphere and its impacts on the radiation budget of the troposphere and ocean surface under monsoon surges using satellite and reanalysis products and an atmospheric numerical model. During strong surges (SS), the upper tropospheric (UT) cloud formation in central South China Sea shows a clear diurnal cycle, peaking around 12–14 local solar time when the incoming solar radiation is the strongest. The enhanced UT clouds attenuate the incoming solar radiation in the upper troposphere reducing the net downward shortwave radiation flux at the surface by approximately 28% in SS compared with no surge case. In contrast the downward longwave radiation flux is enhanced mainly from the middle to upper troposphere in SS. The cooling because of the diminished incoming shortwave radiation overwhelms the warming due to the longwave radiation at the ocean surface. This cloud radiative forcing is observed partly over the cold tongue in sea surface temperature (SST) in the South China Sea. Numerical simulations with a 1‐dimensional slab ocean model suggests that the monsoon‐induced UT cloud radiative forcing contributes partially to maintain and reinforce the SST cold tongue with a tendency of about 0.08 K in 6 days or about 1/6 of one standard deviation of the Cold Tongue Index in December. The latent heat flux due to the monsoon surge is still the most significant factor maintaining the cold tongue.
Psychological Functioning of Women Diagnosed with Lichen Planus and Other Diseases of the Oral Cavity—Explorative Study

The role of psychosocial factors in the development of changes in lichen planus and other diseases of the oral cavity has been implicated, but is still understudied. Therefore, the aim of our study was to describe the specific profile of psychological functioning of patients with these diseases, including the role of temperamental traits, action-oriented personality components, and self-esteem. In total, 94 adult women participated in the study: (1) with lichen planus (LP; n = 46; Mage = 54.80, SD = 12.53), (2) with other oral conditions (n = 25; Mage = 34.76, SD = 16.03), (3) without chronic disease (n = 24; Mage = 40.96, SD = 13.33). The following questionnaires were used: ZKA-PQ/SF, Polish Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism Questionnaire, ACS-90, PROCOS, and MSEI. Results indicated no significant differences in temperament dimensions between studied groups. However, women diagnosed with LP presented lower levels of maladaptive perfectionism and social support than healthy women. Furthermore, women with LP also obtained lower scores for social resourcefulness and higher scores for moral self-approval than healthy women. Summarizing, patients with LP often use compensatory mechanisms that negatively affect their social functioning; thus diagnostic/therapeutic programs directed towards those group should be holistic, including psychologists and psychiatrists who support patients’ psychological well-being.