Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combinations of dextromethorphan for the treatment of mood disorders - a review of the evidence

ABSTRACT Introduction Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. However, many patients do not achieve an adequate clinical improvement with pharmacotherapies targeting monoamine receptors, and the onset of therapeutic benefit typically lags by 4–6 weeks. There is a significant need for mechanistically novel treatments with more rapid efficacy. Combinations of dextromethorphan, an oral N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, can potentially fill this gap. Areas covered US Clinical Trials registration was systematically searched for studies examining the effects of dextromethorphan in mood disorders. Results were gathered via a PubMed search, adding also press releases, and poster presentations. Two case reports and eight clinical trials were identified for the treatment of MDD or treatment resistant depression (TRD); we also reviewed additional studies in bipolar disorder. Expert opinion Clinical studies show that the combinations of dextromethorphan with quinidine or bupropion have been effective in decreasing depressive symptomatology in MDD. However, dextromethorphan studies in adults with TRD or with bipolar depression have shown mixed results. The combination of dextromethorphan and bupropion is a well-tolerated, safe, and efficacious treatment option for adults with MDD. Additional studies analyzing the effects of dextromethorphan and bupropion for TRD and bipolar depression are needed.
Cognitive and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Limbic-Predominant Age-Related TDP-43 Encephalopathy

Background and Objectives Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) affects similar neuroanatomical networks as Alzheimer disease (AD) and is often comorbid with AD, though frequently missed in clinical diagnosis. The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical and cognitive differences at baseline between patients with autopsy-confirmed LATE and patients with AD and comorbid LATE + AD. Methods Clinical and neuropathologic datasets were requested from the National Alzheimer Coordination Center. Baseline data from individuals older than 75 years during death without neuropathologic indication of frontotemporal lobar degeneration were included in analyses. Pathologically defined groups reflecting LATE, AD, and comorbid LATE + AD were identified. Group differences in clinical characteristics and cognition were explored through analysis of variance and the χ2 using measures from the Uniform Data Set measures. Results Pathology groups included 31 individuals with LATE (mean age: 80.6 ± 5.4 years), 393 with AD (mean age: 77.8 ± 6.4 years), and 262 with LATE + AD (mean age: 77.8 ± 6.6 years) without significant differences in sex, education, or race. Compared with participants with AD and LATE + AD pathology, participants with LATE pathology lived significantly longer (mean visits: LATE = 7.3 ± 3.7; AD = 5.8 ± 3.0; and LATE + AD = 5.8 ± 3.0; F(2,683) = 3.7, p < 0.05), reported later onset of cognitive decline (mean onset: LATE = 78.8 ± 5.7; AD = 72.5 ± 7.0; and LATE + AD = 72.9 ± 7.0; F(2,516) = 6.2, p < 0.01), and were more likely to be diagnosed as cognitively normal at baseline (LATE = 41.9%; AD = 25.4%; and LATE + AD = 12%; χ2 = 38.7, p < 0.001). Individuals with LATE (45.2%) also reported fewer memory complaints than those with AD (74.4%) or LATE + AD (66.4%; χ2 = 13.3, p = 0.001) and were less likely to be classified as impaired on the Mini-Mental State Examination (LATE = 6.5%; AD = 24.2%; and LATE + AD = 40.1%; χ2 = 29.20, p < 0.001). Across all neuropsychological measures, participants with LATE + AD pathology performed significantly worse than the AD and LATE groups. Discussion Those with LATE pathology were older when cognitive symptoms began and lived longer than participants with AD or LATE + AD pathology. Participants with LATE pathology were also more likely to be classified as “cognitively normal” based on objective screening and self-report measures, and they had higher scores on neuropsychological testing. Consistent with prior literature, comorbid pathologies led to more significant cognitive and functional impairment. Early disease characteristics based on clinical presentation alone were insufficient for differentiating LATE from AD, reiterating the need for a validated biomarker.
Mean drift velocity in the Stokes interfacial edge wave

[1] The Stokes interfacial edge wave in a viscous rotating two-layer system is studied theoretically. The mean wave-induced Lagrangian drift velocity is obtained from the vertically integrated Eulerian equations of momentum and mass, correct to second order in wave steepness. The analysis is valid for shallow-water waves in the case when the upper layer is much thicker than the lower layer. In the lower layer the effect of viscosity is confined to a frictional boundary layer at the bottom. The waves are trapped by the bottom slope and can propagate in either direction along the bottom contours (in the y direction). Assuming that the waves attenuate in space as they propagate, this yields a Stokes drift velocity and a mean energy density E that decay exponentially in y. In this problem −∂E/∂y is the relevant radiation stress forcing in the wave propagation direction. It is explained why this differs from the radiation-stress forcing of −∂E/∂y for plane waves in an unbounded nonrotating shallow ocean. The bottom stress acting on the mean Eulerian wave-induced flow is modeled by a turbulent friction coefficient. The results show that the maximum mean Eulerian drift current is considerably larger than the maximum Stokes drift velocity. Since the Eulerian current becomes negative at larger seaward distances, the total mean Lagrangian drift current is confined to a rather narrow wedge in the lower layer.
Depression, Alcohol Misuse, and Suicide Attempt Among North Korean Refugee Women Exposed to Gender-Based Violence

North Korean (NK) refugee women report a disproportionately high rate of suicide compared to the general South Korean (SK) population. NK refugee women’s exposure to gender-based violence (GBV) is a risk factor for adverse mental health symptoms. However, the association between GBV exposure and mental health has received less scholarly attention. This study examined NK refugee women’s exposure to GBV (i.e., sexual violence, human trafficking, and forced sex work) and explored whether it is associated with an increased risk of depression, alcohol misuse, and suicide attempts. A three-way interaction between depression, alcohol misuse, and suicide attempts among GBV-exposed NK refugee women was examined. Data from a snowball sample of 180NK refugee women were analyzed for this study. Findings show that 47.8% experienced GBV in either NK or intermediary countries. Multivariate analyses revealed that depression (OR = 1.13, p < .05) and alcohol misuse (OR = 3.01, p < .01) was significantly associated with suicide attempts in GBV-exposed groups. Results from the three-way interaction (GBV victimization × Depression × Alcohol misuse) suggest that GBV exposure and higher levels of depression were significantly associated with suicide attempts among NK refugee women with greater severity of alcohol misuse (OR = 1.75, p < .05). The findings indicate that NK refugee women with GBV exposure, depression, and alcohol misuse are at increased risk for suicide attempts. Study limitations included the use of snowball sampling and cross-sectional data. This study discusses implications for future research and targeted, trauma-informed treatments focused on GBV and mental health symptoms among NK refugee women.
Prevalence of sleep problems and habits among children in Saudi Arabia

Objectives: To investigate children’s sleep problems, habits, and lifestyle changes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, over a period of 2 months, from August through September 2022, with parents of children aged 2-14 years after reviewing the literature and formulating a validated Google questionnaire containing 30 questions related to sleep habits, problems, and disorders. Results: In total, 585 questionnaires were included in the analysis. The sample comprised 345 (59%) males and 240 (41%) females. The mean age of patients was 7 (range: 2-14) years. Bed-time resistance was the most prevalent sleep problem (70.3%), followed by sleep-onset delay (58.1%), difficulty waking up in the morning on weekdays (41.3%), weekends (38%), and interrupted sleep (31%). An alarmingly high prevalence of hyperactivity (41.8%) and aggressive behaviour (42.2%) was noted. Co-sleeping with parents was reported in 41% of children. Night terror was reported in 20.6% and 26.5% in nightmares. Statistically significant associations were noted between screen time, snoring, and witnessed apnoea with sleep problems. Conclusion: Sleep problems are common among children in Saudi Arabia. The study sheds some light on sleep habits and practices in this age group in Saudi Arabia, such as the high prevalence of bed-time resistance and sleep-onset delay, hyperactivity, and sleep-affecting culprits such as screen time, snoring, and witnessed apnoea.
Finite groups in which any two elements of the same order are either fused or inverse-fused

Elements a, b of a group G are said to be fused or inverse-fused if there exists σeAut(G) such that a = bσ or a = (b-1)σ respectively. This paper gives a classification of all finite groups in which any two elements of the same order are fused orinverse-fused.
High tunnel magnetoresistance in fully epitaxial magnetic tunnel junctions with a full-Heusler alloy Co2Cr0.6Fe0.4Al thin film

Fully epitaxial magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) were fabricated with a Co-based full-Heusler alloy Co2Cr0.6Fe0. 4Al (CCFA) thin film, whose composition was close to the stoichiometric one, and a MgO tunnel barrier. Cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscope observations indicated that all layers of the CCFA∕MgO∕Co50Fe50 MTJ layer structure were grown epitaxially and were single crystalline. The microfabricated CCFA∕MgO∕Co50Fe50 MTJs exhibited high tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios of 90% at room temperature and 240% at 4.2K. A high tunneling spin polarization of 0.79 at 4.2K was obtained for the epitaxial CCFA films from the TMR ratios.
Dynamic behavior of the human middle ear: A finite‐element method (FEM) analysis

A few investigations of finite‐element method (FEM) application to the analysis of the middle ear have already been reported [Funnell et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 81, 1851–1859 (1987); K. R. Williams and T. H. J. Lesser, Br. J. Audiol. 24, 319–327 (1990)]. However, in the models of these studies, ossicles and middle ear cavities were neglected, and their effects on the dynamic behavior of the middle ear have not been analyzed. In this study, first, applying the authors’ own FEM program, a three‐dimensional FEM model of a human auditory periphery was established. Then, vibration modes and transfer functions of the middle ear were obtained. The following conclusions can be drawn. (1) The vibration mode of the tympanic membrane and ossicles changes considerably due to the elastic ligament support of the ossicles. (2) This change enables the transfer function of the middle ear to keep flat. (3) The effect of the cavities on the dynamic behavior of the middle ear is large; the amplitude of the tympanic membrane.
A case of hermaphroditism in the gonochoristic sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, reveals key mechanisms of sex determination

Abstract Sea urchins are usually gonochoristic, with all of their five gonads either testes or ovaries. Here, we report an unusual case of hermaphroditism in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. The hermaphrodite is self-fertile, and one of the gonads is an ovotestis; it is largely an ovary with a small segment containing fully mature sperm. Molecular analysis demonstrated that each gonad producedviable gametes, and we identified for the first time a somatic sex-specific marker in this phylum: Doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (DMRT1). This finding also enabled us to analyze the somatic tissues of the hermaphrodite, and we found that the oral tissues (including gut) were out of register with the aboral tissues (including tube feet) enabling a genetic lineage analysis. Results from this study support a genetic basis of sex determination in sea urchins, the viability of hermaphroditism, and distinguish gonad determination from somatic tissue organization in the adult. Summary Sentence A self-fertile hermaphroditic S. purpuratus sea urchin containing four testes and one ovary/ovotestis is described; the results support a hypothesis of genetic sex determination in this species. Graphical Abstract Highlights A hermaphrodite sea urchin is described containing four testes and one ovary/ovotestis The hermaphrodite is self-fertile The ovotestis is largely an ovary with a small segment containing sperm The Doublesex ortholog, DMRT1, was found to be a sex-specific marker in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus These results support a genetic basis of sex determination in sea urchins We find that gonad determination is distinguishable from other somatic tissue organization in the adult
Effectiveness of Peng’s Shengjing recipe on male asthenospermia caused by kidney yang deficiency

Objectives: To examined the efficacy and safety of Peng’s Shengjing recipe in treating asthenospermia with deficiency and failure of kidney yang. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Peng’s Shengjing recipe might have benefits in treating male asthenospermia. Methods: This randomized, positive drug-controlled, single-blind pilot study enrolled outpatients from the Third Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China, between April 2020 and September 2020. A total of 99 participants were randomized to Shengjing recipe (n=50) and Xuanju capsule (n=49). They were treated for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was routine semen examinations, including the percentage of sperm motility rated grade A, A+B, and A+B+C, and the clinical effective rate. The secondary endpoints were the levels of gonadotropins. Results: The A grade sperms (18.9% versus [vs.] 13.9%, p=0.030) and A+B grade sperms (42.9% vs. 32.7%, p<0.001) were higher in the Shengjing recipe group than the Xuanju capsule group. The effective rates were 68% and 53.1% in the Shengjing recipe and Xuanju capsule groups (p=0.128). No safety signals were observed. Conclusion: Peng’s Shengjing recipe improves the quality of sperms and is effective in treating clinical asthenospermia of deficiency of kidney yang. The treatment was well tolerated, without obvious hepatorenal toxicity. Chinese Clinical Research Registry No.: ChiCTR2000030845
Risk of and duration of protection from SARS-CoV-2 reinfection assessed with real-world data

This retrospective observational study aimed to gain a better understanding of the protective duration of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection against reinfection. The objectives were two-fold: to assess the durability of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among initially unvaccinated individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to evaluate the crude SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate and associated risk factors. During the pandemic era time period from February 29, 2020, through April 30, 2021, 144,678,382 individuals with SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostic or antibody test results were studied. Rates of reinfection among index-positive individuals were compared to rates of infection among index-negative individuals. Factors associated with reinfection were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. For both objectives, the outcome was a subsequent positive molecular diagnostic test result. Consistent with prior findings, the risk of reinfection among index-positive individuals was 87% lower than the risk of infection among index-negative individuals. The duration of protection against reinfection was stable over the median 5 months and up to 1-year follow-up interval. Factors associated with an increased reinfection risk included older age, comorbid immunologic conditions, and living in congregate care settings; healthcare workers had a decreased reinfection risk. This large US population-based study suggests that infection induced immunity is durable for variants circulating pre-Delta predominance.
Current sheets in the heliosheath: Voyager 1, 2009

[1] We identified all of the current sheets for which we have relatively complete and accurate magnetic field (B) data from Voyager 1 (V1) from days of year (DOYs) 1 to 331, 2009, which were obtained deep in the heliosheath between 108.5 and 111.8 AU. Three types of current sheets were found: (1) 15 proton boundary layers (PBLs), (2) 10 and 3 magnetic holes and magnetic humps, respectively, and (3) 3 sector boundaries. The magnetic field strength changes across PBL, and the profile B(t) is linearly related to the hyperbolic tangent function, but the direction of B does not change. For each of the three sector boundaries, B rotated in a plane normal to the minimum variance direction, and the component of B along the minimum variance direction was zero within the uncertainties, indicating that the sector boundaries were tangential discontinuities. The structure of the sector boundaries was not as simple as that for PBLs. The average thickness of magnetic holes and humps (∼30 RL) was twice that of the PBLs (∼15 RL). The average thickness of the current sheets associated with sector boundaries was close to the thickness of the PBLs. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that magnetic holes and humps are solitons, which are initiated by the mirror mode instability, and evolve by nonlinear kinetic plasma processes to pressure balanced structures maintained by magnetization currents and proton drift currents in the gradients of B.
Breaking of standing internal gravity waves through two-dimensional instabilities

The evolution of an internal gravity wave is investigated by direct numerical computations. We consider the case of a standing wave confined in a bounded (square) domain, a case which can be directly compared with laboratory experiments. A pseudo-spectral method with symmetries is used. We are interested in the inertial dynamics occurring in the limit of large Reynolds numbers, so a fairly high spatial resolution is used (1292 or 2572), but the computations are limited to a two-dimensional vertical plane. We observe that breaking eventually occurs, whatever the wave amplitude: the energy begins to decrease after a given time because of irreversible transfers of energy towards the dissipative scales. The life time of the coherent wave, before energy dissipation, is found to be proportional to the inverse of the amplitude squared, and we explain this law by a simple theoretical model. The wave breaking itself is preceded by a slow transfer of energy to secondary waves by a mechanism of resonant interactions, and we compare the results with the classical theory of this phenomenon: good agreement is obtained for moderate amplitudes. The nature of the events leading to wave breaking depends on the wave frequency (i.e. on the direction of the wave vector); most of the analysis is restricted to the case of fairly high frequencies. The maximum growth rate of the inviscid wave instability occurs in the limit of high wavenumbers. We observe that a well-organized secondary plane wave packet is excited. Its frequency is half the frequency of the primary wave, corresponding to an excitation by a parametric instability. The mechanism of selection of this remarkable structure, in the limit of small viscosities, is discussed. Once this secondary wave packet has reached a high amplitude, density overturning occurs, as well as unstable shear layers, leading to a rapid transfer of energy towards dissipative scales. Therefore the condition of strong wave steepness leading to wave breaking is locally attained by the development of a single small-scale parametric instability, rather than a cascade of wave interactions. This fact may be important for modelling the dynamics of an internal wave field.
Dose‐adjusted EPOCH and rituximab (DA‐EPOCH‐R) in older patients with high‐risk aggressive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: A real‐life multicenter study by the Croatian Cooperative Group for Hematologic diseases (KroHem)

Dose‐adjusted EPOCH and rituximab (DA‐EPOCH‐R) is a regimen used for the treatment of high‐risk diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) designed to overcome resistance to standard R‐CHOP by combining prolonged exposure of lymphoma cells to cytotoxic agents and dose‐adjustment based on toxicity. Data on outcomes of older patients are scarce.
Sleep electroencephalography biomarkers of cognition in obstructive sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea has been associated with cognitive impairment and may be linked to disorders of cognitive function. These associations may be a result of intermittent hypoxaemia, sleep fragmentation and changes in sleep microstructure in obstructive sleep apnea. Current clinical metrics of obstructive sleep apnea, such as the apnea–hypopnea index, are poor predictors of cognitive outcomes in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep microstructure features, which can be identified on sleep electroencephalography of traditional overnight polysomnography, are increasingly being characterized in obstructive sleep apnea and may better predict cognitive outcomes. Here, we summarize the literature on several major sleep electroencephalography features (slow‐wave activity, sleep spindles, K‐complexes, cyclic alternating patterns, rapid eye movement sleep quantitative electroencephalography, odds ratio product) identified in obstructive sleep apnea. We will review the associations between these sleep electroencephalography features and cognition in obstructive sleep apnea, and examine how treatment of obstructive sleep apnea affects these associations. Lastly, evolving technologies in sleep electroencephalography analyses will also be discussed (e.g. high‐density electroencephalography, machine learning) as potential predictors of cognitive function in obstructive sleep apnea.
The influence of nanoscale morphology on the resistivity of cluster-assembled nanostructured metallic thin films

We have studied in situ the evolution of the electrical resistivity of Fe, Pd, Nb, W and Mo cluster-assembled films during their growth by supersonic cluster beam deposition. We observed resistivity of cluster-assembled films several orders of magnitude larger than the bulk, as well as an increase in resistivity by increasing the film thickness in contrast to what was observed for atom-assembled metallic films. This suggests that the nanoscale morphological features typical of ballistic films growth, such as the minimal cluster–cluster interconnection and the evolution of surface roughness with thickness, are responsible for the observed behaviour.