Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth curves and productivity of Holstein-Friesian cows bred for heavy or light mature live weight

This paper presents data for live weights (LW) from birth to maturity, and for yields of milk and milksolids (MSY) per lactation, from two lines of Holstein-Friesian cows bred for heavy (H) or light (L) mature LW. Compared with the Brody, Gompertz and Logistic functions, the Von Bertalanffy function provided the best fit to the LW data, and prediction from this function has been used in the following analyses. The breeding values (BV) for LW of the sires (H: 86.3 kg; L: 31.0 kg) and maternal grandsires (MGS) (H: 55 kg; L: 38 kg) used to develop the H and L LW lines were higher (P < 0.001) for the H line than for the L line, and they were significantly associated with the actual birth weight (H: 41 kg; L: 35 kg) and mature live weight (H: 520 kg; L: 467 kg) of the cows. The heavy sires also had significantly higher BV for yield of milk (H: 1037 l; L: 737 l), milkfat (H: 33.0 kg; L: 27.5 kg), and milk protein (H: 31 kg; L: 22 kg), and the H cows produced more milk (H: 4708 l; L: 4323 l), and MSY (H: 364 kg; L: 348 kg) than the L cows. However, L sires had slightly higher (P = 0.07) value for Breeding Worth than the H sires (H:37; L:46), and there were only small differences in yields of milk or MSY between the two lines when these were expressed per kg of LW, per kg of LW or per tonne of dry matter required (H: 84 kg MSY/tonne DM; L: 87 kg MSY/tonne DM). The results indicate that the extra MSY by the H cows (+ 16 kg) almost compensated for the effect of their extra LW (+ 46 kg), so that the H cows were only slightly less efficient than the L cows, as predicted by their respective sire’s Breeding Worth.
ELECTRA: European Lead-Cooled Training Reactor

Abstract The design of a low-power fast neutron reactor cooled by liquid lead (ELECTRA) is presented. Application of (Pu,Zr)N fuel permits the design of a core with very small volume and fuel column height, resulting in highly negative coolant, fuel, and structure temperature coefficients and very low channel pressure drop. Full design power of 0.5 MW(thermal) may be completely removed by natural circulation in the primary circuit, thus eliminating the need for pumps. Analysis of flow stability and performance under unprotected transients show that the suggested design is very safe, supporting its intended use for training and educational purposes.
Geochemical and Biogeochemical Reaction Modeling

An indispensable primer and reference textbook, the third edition of Geochemical and Biogeochemical Reaction Modeling carries the reader from the field's origins and theoretical underpinnings through to a collection of fully worked examples. A clear exposition of the underlying equations and calculation techniques is balanced by real-world example calculations. The book depicts geochemical reaction modeling as a vibrant field of study applicable to a wide spectrum of issues of scientific, practical, and societal concern. The new edition offers a thorough description of surface complexation modeling, including two- and three-layer methods; broader treatment of kinetic rate laws; the effect of stagnant zones on transport; and techniques for determining gas partial pressures. This handbook demystifies and makes broadly accessible an elegant technique for portraying chemical processes in the geosphere. It will again prove to be invaluable for geochemists, environmental scientists and engineers, aqueous and surface chemists, microbiologists, university teachers, and government regulators.
A comparative, in-vivo anti-diabetic study of persimmon peel powder in alloxan induced rabbits

Diabetes is a condition when body fails to maintain the glucose levels in the blood properly and the level cross the normal ranges. Natural treatments particularly through bioactive components from fruit and vegetable sources are becoming popular worldwide and are broadly accepted because of no side effects and cost effectiveness. In current study, the antidiabetic potential of persimmon peel powder was investigated by using alloxan induced diabetic rabbits as an animal model. The rabbits were divided into five groups. Persimmon peel powder supplemented diets (0%, 10% and 20%) were given to the diabetic rabbits for the duration of 21 days. The blood samples of rabbits were examined for glucose, serum creatinine and urea levels on weekly basis. There was a significant decline in the levels of blood glucose in the alloxan induced diabetic rabbits. The reduction of blood glucose level was from 357.66 mg/dL to 256.45 mg/dL when the animals were fed on diet supplemented with 20% persimmon peel powder. Similarly, serum creatinine and urea levels were also significantly reduced because of supplementation of persimmon peel powder. It is concluded from the results that persimmon peel powder might be a potential natural best possible therapeutic option for the management and treatment of Diabetes mellitus.
Agronomic Effectiveness of Partially Acidulated Lalitpur Rock Phosphate in an Acid Inceptisol

Acidulated products of Lalitpur rock phosphate with mineral acids, viz., HNO3, HCI, H2SO4 and H3PO4 at 25, 50, 75, and 100 per cent degree of acidulation were tested under field conditions on an acid Inceptisol (pH 4.8) with French bean as the test crop. Acidulation increased the solubility of rock phosphate, matching the degree of acidulation, irrespective of the acid used. Among different acidulants, H2SO4 was the best followed by H3PO4, HCI and HNO3, Acidulation at 25 per cent with sulphuric acid recorded highest grain yield of French bean, maintained highest available P status of soil throughout crop growth period and recorded highest uptake of Nand P by crop. It also had pronounced effect on availability coefficient ratio (ACR), fertilizer use efficiency (FUE), P use efficiency (PUE) and relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE). RAE of PARP products followed the order: H2SO4-PARP>H3PO4-PARP>HCl-PARP>HNO3-PARP>RP>SSP.
Properties of Wild Rice/Ground Beef Mixtures

Cooked Minnesota wild rice was added at 0, 15, and 30% to low-, intermediate-, and high-fat ground beef patties. Proximate analyses of raw and cooked patties indicated proportional decreases in cholesterol, % fat, % protein, and % ash and increases in % carbohydrate and % moisture, as level of wild rice increased. Sensory evaluations indicated a preference for patties with wild rice over controls (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were significantly reduced during storage (p<0.05) by addition of wild rice. Cooking yields were significantly higher for patties containing wild rice over controls.
Private Capital inflow and Growth in Former Soviet-bloc Countries

This paper contributes to the empirical literature by investigating the impact of private capital inflows on economic growth across former Soviet-bloc countries between 1990 and 2015. Roles of the stock market and of demand-side macroeconomic policy are investigated using panel data analysis. The result suggests that though foreign direct investment (FDI) contributing relatively more to economic growth than foreign portfolio investments (FPI), it interacts with stock market trading to negatively influence growth. Final Consumption Expenditure, Inflation, and Gross Savings have negative influences on growth. Our results support the notion that private capital inflow does not allowed to provide sufficient capital to local savings and growth, which is a sign of the crowding-out effect. We suggest that the demand-side macroeconomic policy and stock market activity should tailored more to support economic growth. JEL Classification: C23, F21, F43
Investors Behavior and Trading Strategies: Evidence from Indonesia Stock Exchange

This study reveals new evidence about the behavior and trading strategies of institutional and individual investors in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Firstly, individual (institutional) investors are most likely to trade frequently (infrequently) with small (large) amounts of money and short (long) holding period. Secondly, individual (institutional) investors are consistent to perform contrarian (momentum) strategy. Lastly, past trading activities done by individual (institutional) investors are significantly affecting the current trading behavior and strategy of individual investors (both investor types). The above findings related to individual investors are robust when this study further breakdowns institutional investors into eight different investor types. JEL Classifications: G14, G15.
The complete carbon budget of a drained peat catchment

This study measures the complete carbon budget of a drained peat‐covered catchment. It includes dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved CO2, primary pro‐ductivity, soil respiration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in contrast to other studies which have focused on only some of the possible carbon uptake and release pathways; values for rainfall inputs were taken from a nearby catchment. The study is based on data collected over 2 yr for two drain catchments within one site and the main findings are:
Evaluation of in vitro stability of small unilamellar vesicles coated with collagen and chitosan

To improve the in vitro stability of small unilamellar vesicles (SUV), the permeability of SUV, made from soyabean phosphatidylcholine (PC) and coated with collagen and chitosan, was studied using 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (5(6)-CF) as a fluorescence probe. The results showed that the coating with a collagen/PC weight ratio of 2, or a chitosan/PC weight ratio of 8, significantly decreased the permeability of liposomal membranes. In addition, the fluorescence polarization method was used to study the influence of a coating with collagen and chitosan at the above ratios on the fluidity of liposomal membranes, employing an intramolecular charge transfer compound, a 3-methoxy-4′-N ,N-dimethylaminoflavone derivative (DMMF), as a fluorescence probe. The fluidity of a liposomal membrane coated with either of the two macromolecules showed no obvious changes, indicating that SUV coated with collagen and chitosan at appropriate weight ratios, can significantly improve the in vitro stability of liposomal membranes without disturbing their fluidity. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Sample-Efficient Neural Architecture Search by Learning Actions for Monte Carlo Tree Search

Neural Architecture Search (NAS) has emerged as a promising technique for automatic neural network design. However, existing MCTS based NAS approaches often utilize manually designed action space, which is not directly related to the performance metric to be optimized (e.g., accuracy), leading to sample-inefficient explorations of architectures. To improve the sample efficiency, this paper proposes Latent Action Neural Architecture Search (LaNAS), which learns actions to recursively partition the search space into good or bad regions that contain networks with similar performance metrics. During the search phase, as different action sequences lead to regions with different performance, the search efficiency can be significantly improved by biasing towards the good regions. On three NAS tasks, empirical results demonstrate that LaNAS is at least an order more sample efficient than baseline methods including evolutionary algorithms, Bayesian optimizations, and random search. When applied in practice, both one-shot and regular LaNAS consistently outperform existing results. Particularly, LaNAS achieves 99.0 percent accuracy on CIFAR-10 and 80.8 percent top1 accuracy at 600 MFLOPS on ImageNet in only 800 samples, significantly outperforming AmoebaNet with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$33\times$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>33</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="wang-ieq1-3071343.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> fewer samples. Our code is publicly available at <uri>https://github.com/facebookresearch/LaMCTS</uri>.
Ferromagnetic resonance in Ga1−xMnxAs dilute magnetic semiconductors

We review the phenomenon of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in ferromagnetic (FM) Ga1−xMnxAs semiconductor alloys and their heterostructures in thin film form. We will show that the analysis of FMR in Ga1−xMnxAs films can directly provide values of cubic and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy fields in these materials—i.e. the anisotropy associated with the natural (undistorted) zinc-blende structure and that arising from strain-induced distortion, respectively. In addition to the effects of strain, in this review we will also discuss the use of FMR to determine the effects of annealing, temperature, and doping on magnetic anisotropy. The FMR results attained on the temperature dependence of anisotropy fields (both cubic and uniaxial) provide a natural explanation of the easy-axis reorientation transition that is observed in these materials as the temperature changes. Using results observed on Ga1−xMnxAs samples where the concentration of holes is controlled either by annealing or by modulation doping, we will show that FMR also provides a convenient tool for studying the correlation between hole concentration and magnetic anisotropy. Additionally, we will show that the FMR studies of Ga1−xMnxAs /Ga1−yAlyAs heterostructures modulation doped by Be reveal that the effective g-factor of Ga1−xMnxAs is also strongly affected by the doping. The measurements of the total g-factor can in turn be used to estimate the contribution which the holes themselves make to the total magnetization of Ga1−xMnxAs. Finally, we will review the results which are currently available on the FMR linewidth, including its dependence on temperature, angle of applied field, and annealing. Although the data on FMR broadening are at this time largely phenomenological, the dependence of the linewidth on hole concentrations suggests that the p–d coupling between the holes and the Mn2+ ions contributes significantly to the damping rate of the magnetization precession in FMR experiments on Ga1−xMnxAs films. Finally, it should be noted that—although in this review we focus on Ga1−xMnxAs, because the overwhelming majority of work on FMR has been carried out on this material—the description of FMR and its analysis presented here can be applied to thin layers of all III1−xMnxV alloys generally.
Strain Accommodation during Phase Transformations in Olivine‐Based Cathodes as a Materials Selection Criterion for High‐Power Rechargeable Batteries

High energy lithium‐ion batteries have improved performance in a wide variety of mobile electronic devices. A new goal in portable power is the achievement of safe and durable high‐power batteries for applications such as power tools and electric vehicles. Towards this end, olivine‐based positive electrodes are amongst the most important and technologically enabling materials. While certain lithium metal phosphate olivines have been shown to be promising, not all olivines demonstrate beneficial properties. The mechanisms allowing high power in these compounds have been extensively debated. Here we show that certain high rate capability olivines are distinguished by having extended lithium nonstoichiometry (up to ca. 20 %), with which is correlated a reduced lattice misfit as the material undergoes an electrochemically driven, reversible, first‐order phase transformation. The rate capability in several other intercalation oxides can also be correlated with lattice strain, and suggests that nanomechanics plays an important and previously unrecognized role in determining battery performance.
In situ structural properties of N2-, O2-, and air-clathrates by neutron diffraction

The crystal structures of type II N2-,O2-, and air-clathrate hydrates have been studied under their thermodynamic conditions of stability by neutron powder diffraction. The isothermal compressibilities were deduced from the refined lattice constants and found to be significantly different for N2 and O2 clathrate hydrates. The water host lattice structure rearranges as a function of pressure with a resulting change of the volume ratio of small and large cages. The cage fillings were established on an absolute scale for the first time. The large cages were found to be partly occupied by two molecules. The results are compared with predictions based on the statistical thermodynamic theory of van der Waals and Platteeuw. While the filling follows the predicted trend significant differences exist in detail.
Influence of NOM composition on nanofiltration

The influence of natural organic matter (NOM) composition on the rejection of total organic carbon (TOC), permeate water flux, and the strength and amount of NOM association with the membrane was examined in bench-scale nanofiltration studies. NOM composition was manipulated by fractionation into hydrophilic and hydrophobic components and by powdered activated carbon (PAC) pretreatment with subsequent dilution to control for TOC concentration. Hollow-fiber nanofilters made of negatively charged polysulfone were used in a batch recycle system. Hydrophobic NOM was shown to be responsible for nearly all permeate flux decline and was more highly rejected by the membrane than hydrophilic NOM. Using membrane-feed solutions with the same TOC concentration, the authors found that the NOM remaining in solution after PAC pretreatment caused greater permeate flux decline and was more poorly rejected than the original mixture of NOM. NOM recovered from the membrane after nanofiltration was predominantly high-molecular-weight material (i.e.,> 30,000 daltons).
Life Prediction Methods for Lithium-Ion Batteries Derived from a Fatigue Approach II. Capacity-Loss Prediction of Batteries Subjected to Complex Current Profiles

A methodology for predicting the capacity loss of a battery under a complex current profile is provided. The prediction is based upon a set of elementary aging experiments, which are herein generated by a physics-based model featuring a surrogate battery, for which the source of aging is the growth of a solid-electrolyte interphase at the anode. Empirical correlations of the capacity loss as a function of the aging time and of the aging time as a function of the capacity loss are developed based on 12 dummy elementary aging experiments under different conditions of state of charge and current. Those correlations are used together with the relationship for loss accumulation over time or the Palmgren-Miner rule (both introduced in Part I) to predict the aging of a complex current profile. The prediction accuracy is assessed by a direct simulation of the complex profile by using the physics-based model featuring the surrogate battery.
Superconducting nitride halides MNX (M = Ti, Zr, Hf; X = Cl, Br, I)

Abstract Two different polymorphs of the metal nitride halides MNX (M = Ti, Zr, Hf; X = Cl, Br, I) are known to crystallize in layered structures. The two crystal structures differ in the way ∞2{X[M2N2]X} slabs are stacked along the c-axes. Metal atoms and/or organic molecules can be intercalated into the van-der-Waals gap between these layers. After such an electron-doping via intercalation the protoätypic band insulators change into superconductors with moderate high critical temperatures Tc up to 25.5 K. This review gathers information on synthesis routes, structural characteristics and properties of the prototypic nitride halides and the derivatives after electron-doping with a focus on superconductivity.
P Accumulation Potential of Polygonum hydropiper Grown in High P Media

Plant-assisted approaches are proven to be effective in ameliorating the ecological hazards of excessive phosphorus (P). P accumulation potentials in a mining ecotype (ME) and a non-mining ecotype (NME) of Polygonum hydropiper were investigated in high P media. A field survey revealed that biomass, P concentration, and accumulation in shoots of ME were significantly greater than that of NME. ME and NME grown in hydroponic media with a series of P supplies ranging from 50 to 800 mg P L−1 showed significant increases in shoot biomass, P concentration, and P accumulation with ascending P supplied level. In manure wastewater media, shoot biomass, and P accumulation of ME increased with the growth period prolonged and revealed significant advantages compared to NME at day 45. Acid phosphatase and phytase of both ecotypes at P-sufficient media were superior to those at 50 mg P L−1, but NME was higher than ME in the hydroponic media. The activities of acid phosphatase and phytase in ME grown in high concentration wastewater were greater in comparison with that in low concentration wastewater. These results indicate that P. hydropiper can be able to extract P from high P media, and P accumulation potential of ME performs better than that of NME in the media where organic P exists.
FOAM MAT DRYING OF TOMATO JUICE

ABSTRACT Experiments were carried out to determine the effect of drying air temperature and foaming agent (egg albumin) for production of tomato powder using foam-mat drying. Samples were prepared using tomato juice (4°Brix total soluble solids), incorporating egg albumin as foaming agent (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%, w/w). Foamed tomato juice (300 ± 0.5 g) was spread on rectangular trays (2.5 mm thickness) and kept in tray dryer at 60, 65 and 70C air temperature. Incorporation of 10% egg albumin with 5 min of whipping time was found optimum for stable foam formation. The increase in foaming agent level enhanced the drying process (up to 15% egg albumin) and thereafter followed a decreasing trend. Foamed tomato juice can be dried in 510 and 450 min at 60 and 70C drying air temperature, respectively, with best acceptability. Effective moisture diffusivity of tomato juice ranged from 2.026 × 10−8 to 3.039 × 10−8 m2/s. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Tomato is the largest produced vegetable crop all over the world and 20–40% of produce goes as waste during postharvest operations per annum. Foam mat drying technology has been revamped and renewed attention for its added ability to process hard-to-dry materials to obtain products of desired properties and retain volatiles that otherwise would be lost during the drying of nonfoamed materials. In this context, the dehydrated tomato powder holds a promising and potential market for quality vegetable juices. Dehydrated powders can be reconstituted into juice and used as a starter for the preparation of products like sauce, ketchup, chutney, soups, baby foods, etc.
The affinity of betaxolol, a β1‐adrenoceptor‐selective blocking agent, for β‐adrenoceptors in the bovine trachea and heart

1 The specificity of betaxolol, a β‐adrenoceptor antagonist, for β1 and β2‐adrenoceptors was compared with that of other β‐antagonists, atenolol, ICI‐118551, butoxamine and (±)‐propranolol, in the bovine trachea and heart by competitive interaction with [3H]‐CGP12177 as a radioligand. 2 The radioligand Kd values were 0.75 ±0.12 and 1.60 ± 0.11 nm in the trachea and heart, respectively, and the Bmax values were 34.00 ± 4.41 and 21.54 ± 2.94 fmol mg−1 protein, respectively. 3 Using ICI‐118551, we determined the ratio of β1:β2‐adrenoceptors in the trachea and heart to be approximately 29:71 and 56:44, respectively. 4 In the trachea, a β2‐predominant tissue, betaxolol and atenolol were more selective for β1‐adrenoceptor binding sites than β2‐adrenoceptor binding sites, whereas ICI‐118551 and butoxamine were more selective for β2‐adrenoceptor binding sites. 5 The β1‐selectivity of betaxolol was 2.2 and 2.7 fold higher than that of atenolol in the bovine trachea and heart. These findings suggest that betaxolol may be useful in the treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia and angina pectoris.