Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative evaluation of the aldehydes formed in heated vegetable oils using high resolution proton-NMR spectroscopy

High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) spectroscopy (400-600 MHz) was applied to the quantitative analysis of hydroperoxide decomposition products in thermally oxidized oils. Different oils (olive, sunflower and soybean) were heated in a thermostatic bath (180°C for 360 min). Proton NMR quantitative aldehyde analysis (n-alkanals, trans-2-alkenals, 4-hydroxy-trans-2-alkenals, alka-2,4-dienals) of fifteen oil samples (0, 60,120, 240 and 360 minute heating) was compared with that of total polar compounds through silica column chromatography and of short-chain fatty acids. A good linear relationship (R 2 =0.94) was found between the unsaturated aldehyde level and the amount of methyl-octanoate as well as between total aldehyde determined by 1 H-NMR and total polar compounds (R 2 =0.92). The same NMR sensitivity obtained at 400 MHz through 3000 scans was reached with only 64 scans for a total acquisition time of 2 min at 600 MHz. The potential use of 1 H-NMR as a direct tool to monitor the quality and oxidative degradation in heated and fried oils is discussed.
The Influence of Summer Pruning and Fruit Cropping on the Carbohydrate, Nitrogen, and Nutrient Composition of Apple Trees

Traditionally, the size control achieved in summer-pruned apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees has been attributed to the removal of shoot leaf area before it could replace the storage carbohydrate depleted during its initial growth. Therefore, tissues of young Top Red ‘Delicious’/M 9 trees grown in pots, and mature, field-grown ‘Jonathan’/M 26 trees were summer-pruned and subsequently analyzed for carbohydrate and nutrient element content. Increasing the severity of summer pruning (the length of shoot removed) did not affect the concentration of water-soluble reducing sugars (SRS) or insoluble hydrolyzable carbohydrates (IHC) in the basal shoot section of the Top Red ‘Delicious’/M 9 trees 11 weeks after pruning. Summer pruning 1) increased leaf SRS, N, K, B and stem IHC and 2) decreased leaf Ca and Mg in shoot regrowth. Levels of Fe, Ca, Zn, Al, and Na in the leaves of regrowth were not affected by summer pruning. There was no significant effect of pruning on SRS or IHC levels in the roots. A separation of the carbohydrates by gas chromatography revealed increasing glucose and fructose concentrations in the roots as pruning severity increased, but sorbitol, sucrose, and phloridzin concentrations in roots were not significantly affected. Neither previous season’s summer pruning nor fruit cropping of ‘Jonathan’/M 26 trees affected SRS or IHC of spur shoots in March or June, except that presence of fruit reduced IHC of spur leaves in June. SRS levels in roots in June were reduced by the previous year’s cropping, but not influenced by summer pruning. Root IHC was not influenced by either pruning or cropping treatments. Spur leaf N, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Al were reduced on defruited trees, with K, Ca, Mn, and Al generally being increased by summer pruning. Pruning and cropping treatments generally did not affect levels of P, Fe, B, Cu, Zn, or Na in spur leaves in June; but summer pruning increased K concentration in harvested fruit.
Plant species richness negatively affects root decomposition in grasslands

Plant diversity enhances many ecosystem functions, including root biomass production, which drives soil carbon input. Although root decomposition accounts for a large proportion of carbon input for soil, little is known about plant diversity effect on this process. Plant diversity may affect root decomposition in two non‐exclusive ways: by providing roots of different substrate quality (e.g. root chemistry) and/or by altering the soil environment (e.g. microclimate). To disentangle these two pathways, we conducted three decomposition experiments using a litter‐bag approach in a grassland biodiversity experiment. We hypothesized that: (i) plant species richness negatively affects substrate quality (indicated by increased C:N ratios), which we tested by decomposing roots collected from each experimental plot in one common plot; (ii) plant species richness positively affects soil environment (indicated by increased soil water content), which we tested by decomposing standardized roots in all experimental plots; (iii) the overall effect of plant species richness on root decomposition, due to the contrast between quality and environmental effects, is neutral, which we tested by decomposing community roots in their ‘home’ plots. Plant species richness negatively affected root decomposition in all three experiments. The negative effect of plant species richness on substrate quality was largely explained by increased root C:N ratios along the diversity gradient. Functional group presence explained more variance in substrate quality than species richness. Here, the presence of grasses negatively affected substrate quality and root C:N ratios, while the presence of legumes and small herbs had positive effects. Plant species richness had a negative effect on soil environment despite its positive effect on soil water content which is known to stimulate decomposition. We argue that – instead of soil water content – a combined effect of soil temperature and seasonality might drive environmental effect of plant diversity on decomposition in our plant communities, but this remains to be tested. Synthesis. Our results demonstrate that both substrate quality and soil environment contribute to the net negative effect of plant diversity on root decomposition. This study promotes our mechanistic understanding of increased soil carbon accumulation in more diverse grassland plant communities.
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm Formation and Quorum Sensing lasR Gene in Patients with Wound Infection

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa) is one of the most commonly studied bacteria capable of forming biofilms which are important in the establishment of P. aeruginosa infections on different host tissues including burn and surgical wounds . P. aeruginosa possesses at least two well-defined, interrelated QS systems, las and rhl that control the production of different virulence factors including biofilm development. Objectives: To determine the biofilm producing ability, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and the presence of QS lasR gene in isolated P. aeruginosa strains from patients with surgical and burn wound infections. Methodology : The study was conducted on thirty five clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa from infected burn and surgical wounds in patients attending Ain Shams University Hospitals in the period from December 2013 till February 2015. Isolates from all patients were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using disk diffusion method, in vitro formation of biofilm in microtiter plates containing Luria Bertani (LB) broth medium, and detection of QS lasR gene using conventional PCR technique . Results : P. aeruginosa isolates showed high prevalence of resistance against ticarcillin/clavulonate (85.7%), while they showed the lowest resistance to imipenem (20%). Biofilm formation was detected in 32 (91.4%) of P. aeruginosa isolates; 25.7%, 40% ,25.7% and 8.6% of isolates were strong, moderate, weak and non-biofilm producers, respectively. The lasR gene was detected in 33 (94.3%) of P. aeruginosa isolates. There was significant relation between biofilm formation and presence of LasR gene. Conclusion: P. aeruginosa isolates from infected wounds have strong capability of producing biofilms. The QS lasR gene is strongly associated with biofilm formation; such information can help in identifying lasR gene as a useful diagnostic marker for biofilm producing P. aeruginosa strains isolated from infected wounds.
Stock assessment of whaler and hammerhead sharks (Carcharhinidae and Sphyrnidae) in Queensland

This stock assessment provides detailed results for the most common sharks encountered by Queensland commercial fishers. These sharks come from the whaler (Carcharhinidae) and hammerhead (Sphyrnidae) families and comprise sharpnose sharks (Rhizoprionodon taylori and R. oligolinx), the milk shark (R. acutus), the creek whaler (Carcharhinus fitzroyensis), the hardnose shark (C. macloti), the spot-tail shark (C. sorrah), the Australian blacktip shark (C. tilstoni), the common blacktip shark (C. limbatus), the spinner shark (C. brevipinna), bull and pigeye sharks (C. leucas and C. amboinensis), the winghead shark (Eusphyra blochii), the scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) and the great hammerhead (S. mokarran). Reef sharks were excluded because fishery observer data indicated that they were largely spatially segregated from sharks caught in the inshore net fisheries. The three common species of reef sharks in Queensland, which are all whaler sharks, are the grey reef shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, the blacktip reef shark C. melanopterus and the whitetip reef shark Triaenodon obesus.
Influence of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth performance and the incidence of cannibalism in Pseudoplatystoma punctifer (Castelnau, 1855) larvae and early juveniles

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different dietary protein and lipid levels and their ratios on larval growth, survival and the incidence of cannibalism in Pseudoplatystoma punctifer. Larvae were raised in a recirculation system from 3 to 26 days post-fertilization (dpf) (2–25 days post hatching, dph) at an initial density of 40 larvae L−1, 27.8 ± 0.65°C and 0L : 24D photoperiod. Larvae were fed from 4 to 12 dpf with Artemia nauplii and weaned onto four different compound diets from 13 dpf within 3 days, then fed exclusively with these diets until 26 dpf. These diets contained 30 : 15, 30 : 10, 45 : 15 or 45 : 10 protein : lipid (P : L) (in % of dry matter) levels. A control group was fed Artemia nauplii until 17 dpf and weaned thereafter with the 45P : 10L compound diet. The experiment was carried out in triplicate. Results showed higher growth and survival rates and lower incidence of cannibalism in the group fed the 45P : 15L diet than in the other treatments. Differences in larval survival and growth performance were associated with the higher protein and lipid content rather than the protein : lipid ratio of this diet. When comparing diets with the same protein level, the increase in dietary lipid led to an improvement in growth, suggesting that energy from lipids spares protein for growth in P. punctifer fingerlings. An Artemia feeding period longer than 12 dpf did not improve larval growth or survival. (Resume d'auteur)
Tetraploid Perennial Teosinte Seed Dormancy and Germination

Tetraploid perennial teosinte is an endangered Mexican relative of maize with potential for use as a tropical rangeland and permanent pasture forage. Seeds are dormant when harvested, becoming more germinable as they afterripen. New-seed dormancy may be broken by pre-soaking seed in a gibberellic acid solution. Other pre-treatments are less effective or inhibit germination. Seeds enclosed in white fruitcases are less germinable than those in dark fruitcases, and frequently lack developed embryos.
The Pricing of the Real Earnings Management Evidence from Malaysian Stock Exchange

هدفت هذه الدراسة لاختبار مدى استخدام إدارة الأرباح الحقيقية في الشركات المدرجة في سوق كواللمبور للأوراق المالية وفيما إذا كان ذلك الاستخدام ذا محتوى معلوماتي أو استغلالي من وجهة نظر السوق المالي. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة فقد تم استخدام عينة من الشركات الصناعية المدرجة في السوق المالي للفترة من 2002 – 2010. ومما هو جدير بالذكر أن الدراسة قد نفذت على مرحلتين: في المرحلة الأولى تم قياس إدارة الأرباح الحقيقية باستخدام نموذج (Roychordhury, 2006)، حيث تم استخدام النموذج لتقدير المستوى الطبيعي من الخصم على الأسعار والمصاريف الخاضعة لسيطرة الإدارة وتكاليف الإنتاج، ثم قدرت إدارة الأرباح الحقيقية بالفرق بين المستوى المتوقع والمستوى الفعلي لتلك المؤشرات. أما في المرحلة الثانية فقد تم استخدام نماذج الانحدار والتحليل البسيط والمتعدد لاختبار فرضيات الدراسة. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن إدارة الشركات الماليزية تستخدم تقنيات إدارة الأرباح الحقيقية للتأثير على أرقام الربح وتضليل المستثمرين، حيث قدمت نتائج الدراسة دليل واضح على الاستخدام الاستغلالي لإدارة الأرباح الحقيقية للتلاعب بالأرباح المحاسبية. ولكن فيما يتعلق برؤية السوق المالي لإدارة الأرباح الحقيقية فقد بينت الدراسة أن المتعاملون في السوق المالي لا يدركون الاستخدام الاستغلالي لإدارة الأرباح وأنهم يعتمدون بشكل كبير على أرقام الأرباح المحاسبية النهائية
Chirita rongshuiensis, a New Species of Gesneriaceae from Northern Guangxi, China

Chirita rongshuiensis Yan Liu & Y. S. Huang, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to Chirita shouchengensis Z. Y. Li, but differs in the following characters: the surface of leaf blade strigose, corolla tube slender, corolla lobes oblong, anthers reniform, cymes 1-2 branched, 3-9-flowered, peduncle 3-7 cm long, the efflorescence is June to July.
Neotropical Tineidae. III: The geographical origins and systematic relationships of two species questionably attributed to the Americas (Lepidoptera)

— Two species of tineid moths previously described by Edward Mey-rick and considered by him as introductions into England from either North or South America are re-examined and illustrated. One of these, Metarsiora horrealis Meyrick is now considered a junior synonym of the southern European Ateliotum insulare (Rebel). On the basis of subsequently collected specimens, a Neotropical origin of the second species, Opogona antistacta Meyrick, is hereby confirmed. The adults and male genitalia are illustrated for both species as well as the male pupa of O. antistacta.
Seasonal changes in abundance of heterotrophic nanoflagellates and their consumption of bacteria in Lake Biwa with special reference to trophic interactions with Daphnia galeata

We followed seasonal changes in the abundance of bacteria, heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF), rotifers and crustaceans, and the consumption of bacteria by HNF in mesotrophic Lake Biwa from March to November 1993. From March to July, the changing pattern of HNF densities was similar to that of bacteria, and HNF specific ingestion rate (bacteria flagellate -1 h -1 ) increased. These results suggest that the food linkage between bacteria and HNF was substantial during that period. In August, both the density and specific ingestion rate of HNF dramatically decreased concomitantly with dominance of Daphnia galeata. Thus, there were two clear seasons of bacterial consumption: one dominated by HNF and the other by D. galeata. A significant negative correlation between densities of HNF and D. galeata (r = -0.773, p<0.05) was found by Spearman rank correlation analysis over the study period, suggesting additional grazing by this zooplankter on HNF. Densities of rotifers and other crustaceans did not significantly correlate with those of HNF.
CANNABIS: AN EXAMPLE OF TAXONOMIC NEGLECT

Native apparently somewhere in central Asia, cannabis is at present one of the most widely disseminated cultivated plants. Cannabis as we know it has developed together with man as a multi-purpose economic plant; and, as a result of selection for desirable characteristics, it has become one of the most variable of cultivated plants. Due to the extraordinary plasticity and variability of cultivated cannabis, there can be no progress in unravelling the taxonomic complexities in the genus until the biology of the wild populations is investigated.
Influence of Endophyte and Water Regime Upon Tall Fescue Accessions. II. Pyrrolizidine and Ergopeptine Alkaloids

Alkaloids. along with specific environmental conditions. have been associated with both detrimental and beneficial aspects of endophyte (Acremonium coenophia/um Morgan.Jones et Gams) infected taU fescue (Fesluea arundinucea Schreb.) associations. Benefits to the plant accrue through reduced herbivory, whereas detriment to the animal occurs as altered grazing behaviour and reduced productivity. A controlled environment study was conducted to examine pyrrolizidine and ergopeptine alkaloid concentration of four tall fescue: accession,:i as influenced by endophyte status and water regime. Endophyte. free plants were devoid of ergopeptine alkaloid and contained little. if any, pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Leaf blade tissue of endophyte"infected isolines contained a range of both ergopeptine (256 to 1633 ng g"l) and pyrrolizidine (92 to 450 JIg g~ 1) alkaloid concentrations. Water deficit generally increased alkaloid -eoncentidtion. Alkaloid yield. based upon cqncentration and tissue d. wt. showed that significant increase in ergopeptine and pyrrolizidine alkaloid in leaf tissue was associated with water deficit and was due to actual increased synthesis and nOI simply decreased phytomass. Leaf and pseudostcm (leaf sheath and stem base) tissue alkaloid concentrations indicated different accumulation patterns for ergopeptine and pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Ergopeptine alkaloid yield increased in water"stressed pseudoslem. whereas pyrrolizidine alkaloid yield decreased in some. but not all accessions. The range of host genotype/ endophyte biotype response offers the possibility to select associations which produce few deleterious effects in
Ozone flux measurements over a scots pine forest using eddy covariance method: performance evaluation and comparison with flux-profile method

Ozone fluxes were measured over a forest in southern Finland between August 2001 and July 2002 using the eddy covariance method. Systematic errors due to the imperfect frequency response of the instrumentation and random errors due to the stochastic nature of turbulence were estimated. Flux underestimation correction factors for unstable stratification were 1.03-1.19. Random errors of the flux estimates were most frequently about 20% of the flux value. Fluxes were highest during the summer, declining to near zero during the winter. In summer, fluxes were higher during daytime than at night coinciding with higher turbulence and higher rate of stomatal uptake. Maximum summertime deposition velocities were 6-7 mm s -1 . During winter, the diurnal pattern in ozone flux was weak and the deposition velocity was 0.5-1.5 mm s -1 . Comparison between eddy covariance and profile flux measurement results generally showed good agreement during daytime.
Genetic Variability and Population Structure of Gulf Menhaden Compared with Yellowfin Menhaden

Abstract Gulf Menhaden Brevoortia patronus is one of the most intensively fished organisms in the Gulf of Mexico. Fishery managers and industry operators have historically worked towards a sustainable fishery and have cooperated on stock assessments to estimate feasible reference points for management. These stock assessments are necessarily rooted in a strong definition of the fishery stock, including the estimation of the number of populations that are exploited. Here, genetic population structure and variability were examined in B. patronus, using genetic markers specifically designed for the species. We observed genetic variability that indicates a relatively high effective population size for a marine finfish (Ne ≥ 1,200), and two analytical approaches implied a single genetic population of B. patronus. We compared the latter finding with the population structure in the closely related Yellowfin Menhaden B. smithi, for which two distinct populations from Florida were identified using the same genetic loci (Fst = 0.015, P = 0.027). These contrasting patterns of population structure between sympatric congeneric species are likely driven by differences in distribution and census size and may relate to factors that originally drove speciation in North American Brevoortia species. The finding of a single Gulf-wide population of B. patronus suggests that there is an extensive migration throughout the species range and supports the notion of a single genetic stock.
Komunikasi Pemasaran Terpadu dalam Periklanan dan Promosi

Komunikasi Pemasaran Terpadu dalam Periklanan dan Promosi berisi sebuah pandangan kontemporer mengenai peran penting komunikasi pemasaran. Buku ini menekankan pentingnya IMC (Integrated Marketing Communication—Komunikasi Pemasaran Terpadu) dalam meningkatkan ekuitas merek, serta menyediakan penjelasan mengenai sebuah program IMC dari berbagai aspek, di antaranya: periklanan, promosi penjualan, pengemasan, strategi merek, komunikasi di tempat pembelian (point-of-purchase), public relations yang berorientasi pemasaran, menciptakan buzz dari mulut ke mulut, serta sponsor berorientasi acara dan sebab. Topik-topik ini dibahas dengan menggunakan berbagai contoh dan aplikasi yang lebih luas sehingga lebih mudah dipahami. Tentu saja, buku ini meliputi banyak konsep serta teori akademis yang tepat dalam menyajikan struktur formal pada berbagai ilustrasi dan contoh yang diberikan. Buku edisi kedelapan ini menyatukan praktik komunikasi pemasaran dalam berbagai bentuk dengan riset beserta teorinya. Edisi ini lebih berfokus pada aspek-aspek manajerial dari komunikasi pemasaran serta memberi perhatian lebih pada komunikasi pemasaran dengan orientasi business-to-business. Komunikasi Pemasaran Terpadu dalam Periklanan dan Promosi ditujukan bagi mahasiswa sarjana dan pascasarjana dengan program studi komunikasi pemasaran, periklanan, strategi promosi, manajemen promosi, atau jurusan lainnya dengan konsentrasi yang berhubungan. Dosen dan mahasiswa di bidang ini akan dapat menarik kesimpulan bahwa buku ini substantif, tetapi enak dibaca, disesuaikan dengan kondisi terkini, tetapi tetap menghargai evolusi dari bidang ini.
Effects of Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations in Aero-hydroponics on the Formation and Growth of Adventitious Roots

Cuttings of Ficus benjamina L. and Chrysanthemum × morifolium(Dendranthema grandiflora tzvelev.) were rooted in aero-hydroponics to study the effect of dissolved oxygen concentrations in the range of 8 mg·liter. (ambient saturation) to 0 mg·liter−1. The results of this study indicate that dissolved oxygen is essential to root formation and root growth. Woody (Ficus) and herbaceous (Chrysanthemum) cuttings responded similarly. Lowering the dissolved oxygen concentration increased the time required to form adventitious roots, reduced rooting percentages, reduced numbers of roots formed per cutting, and reduced average root lengths. Comparisons between stirred and unstirred water suggested the development of an area of depleted oxygen concentration (boundary layer) at the stem-water interface on cuttings immersed in unstirred water. Cuttings in water stirred constantly rooted sooner and formed more roots than did those in unstirred water. Maximum rooting occurred in misted (high dissolved oxygen concentrations) sections of cuttings suspended in the aero-hydroponics chambers. Chemical name used: potassium salt of lH-indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA).
Economic Value of Home Vegetable Gardens in an Urban Desert Environment

Two home vegetable gardens (77.4 and 58.3 m2) in Tucson, Ariz. , yielded an average of 1.24 and 2.31 kg/m2 of produce per year over 3 and 2.5 years, respectively. Average net returns were $109 and $123 per year, $0.72 and $1.11 per hour, or $8.80 and $7.75 per dollar of water used. Thus, in the southwest desert, a weekly investment of 2-to-3 hours in a home garden can provide savings.
New insights into sound production in Carapus mourlani (Carapidae)

Carapus mourlani (Petit, 1934) is a commensal of sea stars and has the ability to produce sounds. Interestingly, we show here that this fish has a larger repertoire than previously recorded.Carapus mourlani can produce trains of 2–6 pulses, suites of double-pulses, staccatos of 2–17 weak pulses, and hums. These sounds are most probably emitted for species identification and for conspecific attraction, but we do not know their exact functions because they were all produced once the fish were inside the host. The ability to produce various specific messages indicates this behavior is important to the biology of this symbiotic, nocturnal species.