Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of Infant Mortality from African American Community Members

Introduction: Infant mortality (IM) is often used to determine overall population health and well-being. Health disparities exist with African American (AA) infants having higher rates of IM than White infants. The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of members in an AA community regarding IM, which can be used to develop interventions. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design guided this study. A county in the state of Indiana was the setting from which the researchers enrolled participants in this study. The participants consisted of 16 AA community members who were recruited from a local agency and who had completed an educational program on IM. Through semistructured phone interviews, participants described their understanding of IM. The data analysis of the transcribed interviews was performed via content analysis to yield overall themes from the data. Results: The analysis identified three themes describing AA Community members' perspectives on IM: (1) Shying Away from the Topic of Infant Mortality; (2) Receiving Misinformation from Family Members; and (3) Considering Infant Mortality as Unpreventable. Discussion: The findings of this study suggest that participants avoided the topic of IM, often received misinformation from family members, and believed infant death could not be prevented. Health care providers should have an open and culturally competent discussion about issues of IM, engage family members, and support community-based initiatives and education for members in AA communities.
Assessing the Impact of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection on US Convective Weather Environments

Continued climate warming, together with the overall evaluation and implementation of a range of climate mitigation and adaptation approaches, has prompted increasing research into proposed solar climate intervention methods, such as stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). SAI would use aerosols to reflect a small amount of incoming solar radiation away from Earth to stabilize or reduce future warming due to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Research into the possible risks and benefits of SAI relative to the risks from climate change is emerging. There is not yet, however, an adequate understanding of how SAI might impact human and natural systems. For instance, little to no research to date has examined how SAI might impact environmental conditions critical to the formation of severe convective weather over the United States (US). This study uses ensembles of Earth system model simulations of future climate change, with and without hypothetical SAI deployment, to examine possible future changes in thermodynamic and kinematic parameters critical to the formation of severe weather during convectively active seasons over the US Results show that simulated forced changes in thermodynamic parameters are significantly reduced under SAI relative to a climate change (SSP2‐4.5) world, while simulated changes in kinematic parameters are more difficult to distinguish. Also, unforced internal climate variability is likely to significantly modulate the projected forced climate changes over large regions of the US.
Remote sensing of atmospheric aerosol distributions using supervised texture classification

This thesis presents a new technique to identify a 2D mask showing the extent of particulate aerosol distributions in satellite imagery. This technique uses a supervised texture classication approach, and utilises data from two distinct satellite sources. The vertical feature mask (VFM) product from the CALIPSO lidar, provides an accurate description of the aerosol content of the atmosphere but has a limited footprint and coverage. The CALIPSO VFM is used to provide training data in order to for classiers to be applied to other imagery, namely data from the spinning enhanced visible and infrared imager (SEVIRI) on the MSG satellite. The output from the classication is a 2D mask representing the locations of the particulate aerosol of interest within the SEVIRI image. This approach has been demonstrated on test cases over land and ocean, and shows a good agreement with other techniques for the detection of particulate aerosol. However, the supervised texture approach provides outputs at a higher resolution than the existing methods and the same approach is applicable over land and ocean and therefore shows the advantages compared to the current techniques. Furthermore, the coverage of the approach can be further extended using signature extension and chain classication. Signature extension was applied to one of the test cases to monitor the same geographical region with temporal extension away from the initial supervised classication. The experiments showed that it was possible to extend the coverage for ±90 minutes from the original classication and indicates the possibility of greater extension over larger temporal windows.
Cognitive Rehabilitation: An Integrative Neuropsychological Approach

I. Fundamentals for Practicing Cognitive Rehabilitation 1. Introduction 2. Neurological Disorders Associated with Cognitive Impairments 3. Variables Contributing to Neurological and Neurobehavioral Recovery 4. Assessment of Individuals with Cognitive Impairments II. Management Approaches for Cognitive Impairments 5. Management of Attention Disorders 6. Memory Theory Applied to Intervention 7. The Use of External Aids in Cognitive Rehabilitation 8. Management of Dysexecutive Symptoms 9. The Assessment and Management of Unawareness 10. Communication Issues III. Interventions for Behavioral, Emotional, and Psychosocial Concerns 11. Managing Challenging Behaviors 12. Management of Depression and Anxiety 13. Working Collaboratively with Families IV. Working with Special Populations 14. Rehabilitation Strategies of Children with Acquired Cognitive Impairments 15. Management Strategies for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
From numbers to narratives: Preservice teachers experiences’ with mathematics anxiety and mathematics teaching anxiety

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Olson, A. , & Stoehr, K. (2019). From numbers to narratives: Preservice teachers’ experiences with mathematics anxiety and mathematics teaching anxiety. School Science and Mathematics, 119(2), 72–82, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.12320. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for selfarchiving.
Visual Impairment, Spectacle Wear and Academic Performance among Junior High School Students in Western China

Purpose: To assess the prevalence and academic impact of visual impairment and spectacle wear among rural junior high school students in western China. Methods: In September 2013, 2248 students from 36 junior high schools in Shaanxi Province underwent assessment of visual acuity (VA), completed a questionnaire about their spectacle use and were administered a standardized mathematics examination. Results: Among 2248 students, visual impairment was about 31% (699/2248). Spectacle wear was observed 37% (360/966) children needing glasses. Ownership of spectacles among children needing glasses was associated with poorer uncorrected vision in the better-seeing eye (P 0.001) and paternal educational (P = 0.001), but not age, sex, boarding at school, both parents having out-migrated for work or maternal education. Spectacle ownership among children with visual impairment was associated with better test performance (P=0.035). Conclusion: Visual impairment and non-wear of spectacle were common. Wearing spectacles was associated with better academic performance in this cross-sectional analysis, consistent with recent trial results among younger children.
Contribution potential of glaciers to water availability under climate change conditions in Valais, Switzerland

Glaciers influence the runoff regime of the catchments they are located in due to accumulation on to the ice surface in winter and ablation in summer. In this study we estimate the contribution of seasonally delayed glacier melt water to total runoff for current and future climate conditions. We find that the influence of glaciers on total runoff in the highly glaciated catchment of the Rhone river in Valais, Switzerland is high under current climate condi- tions and that a considerable decrease can be expected until year 2085, where it becomes nearly negligible compared to seasonal precipitation fluctuations.
This Fiscal response to the COVID-19 pandemic among EU countries

This paper empirically analyses ﬁscal policy behavior in the European Union (EU) Member States and assesses how it has changed during the recent pandemic crisis compared to previous crisis situations. Based on panel estimations the outcomes reveal that this time is diﬀerent, both concerning the policy direction as well as its magnitude. We conﬁrm that ﬁscal policy has turned from formally pro-cyclical/a-cyclical design prior to COVID-19 period to counter-cyclical in the pandemic years. Moreover, this changeover is independent from the status of the EU membership, as it aﬀects both Old Member States (OMS) and New Member States (NMS) likewise.
A Numerical Study of Thunderstorm Electrification

Abstract : The purpose of this research was to pursue further understanding of cloud electrification through three separate projects. First, radar observational data of New Mexico thunderstorm activity combined with a numerical thunderstorm model suggests that the degree of thunderstorm electrification depends on the time during which strong updrafts remain within the charging zone. Second, a simple numerical lightning model representing streamer propagation on a 2-D grid was developed. Realistic streamer paths evolve in the model and the conditions for IC and CG strokes are directly related to updraft velocity. Third, a simple cloud model was utilized to investigate factors influencing lightning frequency and its relationship to precipitation. Lightning and lightning frequency are shown to heavily depend on the depth of the charging region which is sensitive to vertical velocity.
Vacationers and eWOM: Who Posts, and Why, Where, and What?

Vacationers not only read and use information from the Internet during their choice process, but also post information on the Internet. This posted information is described as eWOM (electronic word of mouth). The central questions are, which type of vacationers do post, with which motivations do they post reviews, on which type of site, and what are the message characteristics? These questions are approached in a way that differs from the usual site-centered approach. It is topic-centered and independent of a specific review site, and it focuses on motivations for all vacation sites. The conclusion is that why a vacationer makes a contribution influences the choice of a site to which he or she contributes and what he or she contributes. The main discriminating motivational factor is the one that sets vacationers with a primarily self-directed motivation apart from those with a more other-directed help motivation. Implications for tourism research and vacation marketing are discussed.
Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Healthcare-Associated Bloodstream Infections at Hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Bloodstream infection (BSI) prevalence in hospitalized patients has increased owing to the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens; moreover, antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is a global problem. Here, BSIs are investigated in several patients at a hospital in Saudi Arabia, and the resistance of bacterial isolates to widely used drugs is determined. Throughout 2020, bacteria isolated from patients were identified and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. In total, 1125 bacterial isolates were obtained from 1039 patients; among them, gram-positive bacteria were significantly more abundant than gram-negative bacteria. The most prevalent bacteria were Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Notably, gram-negative bacteria were mainly isolated from adult patients, and 20.63% of the gram-positive isolates were from pediatric patients, which was significantly higher than the corresponding percentages in elders and adults. The gram-positive isolates were mainly resistant to cephalothin, oxacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and erythromycin and susceptible to penicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin. Additionally, the gram-negative isolates were mainly resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin, and amoxicillin-clavulanate and susceptible to amikacin, ertapenem, aztreonam, colistin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Consequently, the high prevalence of infective multidrug-resistant bacteria may account as a significant health issue; it is considered a hazard in Riyadh hospitals and must be prevented at all costs.
Sedimentary basins in Ross Sea, Antarctica

The Ross Sea lies in the Pacific sector of the Antarctic continental margin. Three major sedimentary basins (from east to west, the Eastern, Central, and Victoria Land basins) lie beneath the broad, deep continental shelf of the Ross Sea. These north-south-trending basins occur in the extensionally deformed region between East and West Antarctica. Multichannel seismic reflection (MCS) surveys have been conducted over these basins since 1980 by West German, French, Japanese, and US expeditions. The MCS and previous geophysical surveys have shown that the three basins contain 5-6 km of sedimentary rock, possibly Late Cretaceous and younger. An additional 6-8 km of sedimentary and volcanic rock lies within the deeper parts of the Victoria Land basin. The basins are separated by uplifted and eroded basement ridges covered by thin sedimentary sections. Each basin has distinct characteristics, commonly related to its extensional origin. Petroleum hydrocarbons are unknown from the Ross Sea region, with the possible exception of ethane gas recovered by the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Previous model studies, based on estimated sediment thickness, assumed temperature gradients, and postulated seismostratigraphy, indicate that hydrocarbons could be generated at depths of 3.5-6km within the sedimentary section. However, this hypothesis cannot be verified withoutmore » further geologic and geophysical data from the Ross Sea region. « less
Arabian Deserts: Nature, Origin and Evolution

Definitions of deserts. - Types of deserts and landform regions of Arabia. - Geological setting of Arabian deserts. - Influences of climate. - Ecology of Arabian deserts. - Watercourses and rivers of Arabia. - Arabian sand seas. - Lesser dunefields of Arabia. - Types of desert dunes in Arabia. - Sources of sand for Arabian sand dune deserts. - Mechanisms of sand accumulation. - Sedimentology of Arabian dune sands. - Desert dust and loess. - Stony and rocky deserts of Arabia. - Deserts of interior drainage basins. - Coastal deserts of Arabia. - Desert plains, steppes, and plateaux. - Mountain deserts of Arabia. - Dating methods as applied to Arabian deserts and deposits. - Evolution of Arabian deserts and their chronology.
Sharing the Earth: The Rhetoric of Sustainable Development

A critical look at the discourse surrounding a widely promoted means of environmentally sensitive economic development"An important contribution by widening the area of 'applied communication' research-to include the linguistic forces that would define sustainable development in technocratic or humanistic rhetorics". -- J. Robert Cox, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"A provocative use of rhetorical methodology, topical ecological subject, and discourse analysis. In this sense, (Sharing the Earth) is a pioneering scholarly effort". -- Thomas Farrell, Northwestern UniversityIn Sharing the Earth, Tarla Rai Peterson explains how "sustainable development" -- a highly provocative concept that promises to unite environmental and economic concerns in achieving ecological integrity -- is understood, discussed, and implemented within specific communities. By analyzing the rhetoric of those who define sustainable development and advocate its implementation, she identifies points of tension among the term's various interpretations and explores how the concept may be brought to bear in resolving conflicts, furthering research, and establishing ecologically sound public policy.In the first of three case studies, Peterson explores the construction of sustainable development at the Earth Summit Meeting of 1992. She contends that while the summit model captures a global perspective on the subject, it fails to explain what sustainable development means to the local communities where it will be implemented. In the second case study, which highlights the struggle entailed in deciding who sets the agenda for sustainable development, she contrasts the Canadian government'srecommendations for wildlife disease management in Wood Buffalo National Park with the development model preferred by local residents. In the final case study, Peterson relies primarily on interviews with residents of the U.S.-Mexico border embroiled in a bitter controversy over the impact of industrial development on human health. She uses the case study to clarify the communication dynamics involved when community members choose which elements of their world are most essential to sustain, which are most essential to develop, and how these elements interrelate.
La vegetazione degli habitats terrestri della riserva marina protetta di Capo Carbonara (Sardegna sud-orientale) (*)

The coastal vegetation of SE Sardinia, near Villasimius, has been studied throught the phytosociological method ad described in relation to taken stations. The syntaxonomical schema of the found vegetational units is presented. Among the several phytosociological associations founded during the field survey a new one is pointed out: Phagnalo saxatili-Calicotometum villosae. In the wole area there are 6 Community Importance Sites (C.I.S.) according to EEC Directive 92/43, with high biodiversity degree.
Microscopic Simulation Model for Motorcycle Dominated Networks: A Case Study of a VISSIM Simulation Model for a Mixed Traffic Corridor

Microscopic traffic simulation packages, which were invented for car-based environments, have also been used for motorcycle-based environments. Because the interactions between several transport modes (e.g., buses, cars, and motorcycles) are different in these two environments, default parameters relating to these modes (e.g., acceleration, deceleration, speed) should be modified in the simulation of motorcycle-dominated networks. However, there seems to be very little evidence on the modification of these parameters in microscopic traffic simulation for these networks. To fill this gap in the literature, this research develops a VISSIM model (as one of the most appropriate microscopic simulation packages) for motorcycle-dominated mixed transport, which includes data collection, creation of a VISSIM model, and calibration and validation processes. For parameters which cannot be observed on-site, some values for each parameter are chosen based on the default values in VISSIM or local conditions. These values are then run in VISSIM models and tested in the calibration and validation processes to choose the values that best describe vehicle movements. By contrast, parameters that might be collected on-site are statistically analysed and inserted directly in to VISSIM. Acceleration and deceleration of motorcycles, the desired speed of car and bus, the desired speed of motorcycle, minimum lateral distance driving when overtaking vehicles on the same lane, and average standstill distance were applied for developing VISSIM models for a motorcycle-dominated mixed traffic corridor in Hanoi, Vietnam. Acceleration and deceleration surveys were carried out on-site by using the speed gun Stalker ATS. The results of statistical tests prove that the VISSIM models are sufficiently reliable to represent real traffic. Transport modellers can draw on the findings of this study. Desired acceleration and deceleration default values in VISSIM, which are for typical motorcycles used in Europe, should be replaced by local acceleration and deceleration rates. The methodology for developing a VISSIM model can be modified to suit other local motorcycle-dominated mixed traffic conditions.
Sky survey mission planning based on particle swarm optimization

In 2024, China plans to launch the Chinese Space Station Telescope, and how to plan the telescope’s observing mission efficiently is of great importance. The space telescope mission planning faces many problems, like large observation areas, plenty of constraints, and difficulty in task optimization arrangement. In order to solve these problems, we consider the actual situation of the mission, take the telescope in-orbit constraint and observation constraint as constraints, and take energy consumption and observation efficiency as optimization objectives. We establish the sky survey mission planning model and sky survey planning algorithm based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization. The results show that the sky survey mission planning algorithm in this paper can effectively accomplish long-term sky survey mission planning and is more practical than existing algorithms.
Micromechanics of compaction in an analogue reservoir sandstone

Energy production, deformation, and fluid transport in reservoirs are linked closely. Recent field, laboratory, and theoretical studies suggest that, under certain stress conditions, compaction of porous rocks may be accommodated by narrow zones of localized compressive deformation oriented perpendicular to the maximum compressive stress. Triaxial compression experiments were performed on Castlegate, an analogue reservoir sandstone, that included acoustic emission detection and location. Initially, acoustic emissions were focused in horizontal bands that initiated at the sample ends (perpendicular to the maximum compressive stress), but with continued loading progressed axially towards the center. This paper describes microscopy studies that were performed to elucidate the micromechanics of compaction during the experiments. The microscopy revealed that compaction of this weakly-cemented sandstone proceeded in two phases: an initial stage of porosity decrease accomplished by breakage of grain contacts and grain rotation, and a second stage of further reduction accommodated by intense grain breakage and rotation.
Correlation analysis and regression of transit ridership by means of public buses – A preliminary data analysis

Given ever-increasing private transportation ownership, a rising population, and unceasing mobility, it is crucial to ensure the usage and improvement of public transportation services. Therefore, it is important to review and understand relationships between variables affecting ridership to boost them. This paper acts as a preliminary data analysis in which correlation and multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses were constructed to examine bus transit ridership. The main goal of this study is to identify the variables that influence transit ridership and the degree to which they do so during a) peak hours and b) off-peak hours. Independent variables such as bus commercial speed, service frequency, in-vehicle travel time, bus stop distance, and rainfall were employed in this study. Results show that all the independent variables are significant and correlated with ridership. However, the regression models show that distance and travel time are not statistically significant during peak and off-peak hours, respectively. The findings of this study recommend the creation of relevant policy initiatives that can assist transit agencies in increasing ridership by analysing significant predictive factors. Additionally, the output from this study can be used in future works on designing efficient bus routes, stop locations, and even bus schedules.