Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SfiB and the control of cell division in E. coli.

Title SFIB AND THE CONTROL OF CELL DIVISION IN E.COLI Christopher Andrew Jones Mutations at two loci, sfiA and sfiB, suppress the filamentation seen on irradiation of Ion mutants or expression of tsl(lexA(Ts)) or tif(recA441) mutations in Escherichia coli. The sfiA and sfiB genes have been assumed to be involved in the inhibition of cell division associated with the SOS response. The product of the sfiA gene has been shown to be a division inhibitor and the sfiB gene has been postulated to be the target for the action of such an inhibitor. The sfiB gene was mapped to the ftsQ-secA region of the E.coli chromosome using Pl^ transduction and specialised 1 transducing phages. The sfiB and sfiB114 genes were cloned onto recombinant plasmids and sfiBll4 found to be at least partially dominant in tsl and Ion strains. Using TnlOOO mutagenesis, it was found that the sfiB gene is allelic to the essential septation gene ftsZ and that an element within the preceeding and contiguous ftsA gene is required for full ftsZ(sfiB) expression. ^Maxi-cells containing plasmids encoding sfiA and either sfiB or sfiB114 were used to demonstrate an interaction between SfiA and FtsZ. The presence of an ftsZ(sfiB ) carrying plasmid in maxi-cells increased the half-life of the unstable SfiA protein to 10-14 min (compared to approximately 3 min in the presence of a sfiB114 encoding plasmid or where a sfiA plasmid was present in maxi-cells alone). Finally, maxi-cells containing sfiA and sfiB carrying plasmids were separated into subcellular fractions and it was found that both SfiA and SfiB(FtsZ) proteins bind to the E.coli inner membrane.
Blood Constituents During Anaphylactic Shock in the Monkey

A significant drop in blood-platelets is a constant finding in anaphylactic shock in the monkey. It does not occur in nonsensitized controls, occurs slightly and irregularly in sensitized animals showing no clinical shock, and is not observed in animals shocked with histamine. A profound leukopenia (essentially granulopenia) with a secondary leukocytosis is a constant finding in anaphylactic shock in the monkey. Such changes are also observed in some animals exhibiting no clinical symptoms of shock. There is a significant rise in plasma potassium in monkeys showing severe anaphylactic shock. This is of lesser degree than that observed in other species.
Performance of Cymbidium Hybrids in Mid Hill Situation of Sikkim

Thirty one Cymbidium hybrids were evaluated for morphological and floral characters in the mid hill situation of Sikkim. Among the hybrids, the most promising were Takaragaike with a maximum plant height of 124.9 cm and Red Star with the longest spike of 117.3 cm. Maximum number of florets was recorded in the hybrid Yankalilla (24) and the biggest size of flowers in Stanley Fouraker White Magic and Fantasia Deserio Dulmar. On an overall evaluation, Yankalilla, San Francisco Mona Lisa, Nonina Paleface, Takaragaike, Stanley Fouraker White Magic and Fantasia Deserio Dulmar were identified as the most commercially promising Cymbidium hybrids suitable for cultivation in Sikkim and the North-Eastern Himalayas.
The Optimization of Growth Rate and Lipid Content from Select Algae Strains

CSAVINA, JANAE L. , M.S., August 2008, Civil Engineering The Optimization of Growth Rate and Lipid Content from Select Algae Strains (99 pp.) Director of Thesis: Ben J. Stuart Algae are a favorable biofuel source because of the potential high oil content and fast generation of the biomass. However, one challenge of this technology is achieving this high oil content while maintaining an exponential growth of the organism. Introducing a two-stage reactor to attain both the optimization of growth and oil in the algae could be a solution to this hurdle. The experiments detailed in this thesis aim to determine the reactor design to optimize growth and lipid content of two strains of algae, Amphora sp. and Oocystis sp. Through growth condition manipulations, temperatures of 25 and 30±1°C and light intensities of 150 and 80 μmol m s were concluded to lead to the most robust growth for Oocystis sp. and Amphora sp. , respectively. Both strains showed optimized growth at a light/dark cycle of 16:08. Lipid production was found to increase in heterotrophic growth for the Oocystis sp. Amphora sp. was observed to have high lipid productivity during exponential growth and stressful conditions did not enhance lipid production. With these results, a bench scale reactor system can be designed to project oil yield of a full scale reactor system. Approved: _________________________________________________________ Ben J. Stuart Associate Professor of Civil Engineering
Genetic variability studies in chickpea

Forty genetically diverse genotypes of chickpea were evaluated for genotypic and phenotypic variability heritability and genetic advance in 18 quantitative characters. Highest genetic variability was expressed by 100-seed weight and was followed by seeds per plant. These characters also exhibited high-predicted genetic advance with highest heritability by 100-seed weight.
A Retrospective Study of Poultry Diseases Diagnosed in Maiduguri, North- East, Nigeria

A nine year (2004-2012) retrospective study of clinical records of poultry diseases presented to the poultry unit of the University of Maiduguri Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UMVTH) and the State Veterinary Hospital (SVH) Maiduguri, was conducted. Out of a total of 2,317 cases recorded, viral diseases accounted for 1461 (63.1%) cases, bacterial diseases were 580 (25%), parasitic diseases were 236 (10.2%) while 40 (1.7%) of the cases were noninfectious. Newcastle disease (ND) was the most recorded disease with 851 (36.7%) cases, followed by Infectious bursal disease (IBD) with 380 (16.4%) cases while helminthosis were the least recorded diseases with 11 (0.5%) cases and Marek’s disease was not recorded throughout the study period. Most diseases occurred during the rainy season (56.3%) when compared to dry season (43.7%). Years 2005 and 2009 recorded the lowest (167) and highest (592) occurrence of disease respectively. Poor management practices by the farmers in addition to lack of awareness on diagnostic laboratory services may be associated with the distribution pattern of cases recorded in the hospitals. Control and prevention strategies can only be successful after a careful assessment of each condition.
Juvenile production variation in salmonids: population dynamics, habitat, and the role of spatial relationships

Anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exhibit a complex life history that requires the use of habitats that span several different temporal and spatial scales. While fisheries scientists have investigated the various elements of habitat and how they affect Atlantic salmon growth and survival, these studies typically focus on requisite requirements for a single life history stage. Current advances in our understanding of salmonid populations in lotic systems indicates that ignoring the spatial positioning of different habitats and dispersal capabilities of fish between them may affect estimates of habitat quality and production of juvenile Atlantic salmon. Using the concepts of juxtaposition and interspersion, we hypothesize that discrete functional habitat units (FHU) occur within river systems and that the spatial structure of FHU affects fish production. We present a method to delineate FHU using habitat maps, fish ecology, and spatial habitat characteristics. Utilizing a simulation model, we illustr.
Production performance of Rhode Island Red bird reared in backyard at various agro-climatic zones of West Bengal

The Rhode Island Red (RIR) is assumed to be one of the best adopted breed for backyard rearing in West Bengal considering its duel (meat and egg production) performance. Its various productive performances though had been standardized in general, but performance of backyard rearing RIR in various agro-climatic zones of West Bengal is yet to be standardized. Hence, an attempt was made to explore the age of puberty, weekly production, annual total production, peak production period, flock size, mortality rate of total 70000 RIR birds reared in backyard and equally distributed at five zones of West Bengal viz. tarai, old alluvial, new alluvial, coastal and red laterite zones. The result of mean weekly production, mean laying period and total egg production in overall study area were 3.24±0.50, 46.38±6.88 weeks and 168.48 eggs per bird annually respectively. The age of puberty and peak production was found as 23.56 ± 2.69 weeks (165 days) and 36 weeks (252 days) respectively in overall study. The overall flock size and mortality rate was 10.66±0.11 and 12.31±0.61%, respectively. All the features of RIR were similar to the earlier findings and to some extent well comparable to the performance of RIR reared at farm. Thus, RIR can be promoted for better livelihood, food security and augmentation of egg production in the state of West Bengal.
Species co-occurrence analysis: pairwise versus matrix-level approaches

Veech (2013, Global Ecology and Biogeography, 22, 252–260) introduced a formula to calculate the probability of two species co-occurring in various sites under the assumption of statistical independence between the two distributional patterns. He presented his model as a new procedure, a ‘pairwise approach’, different from analyses of whole presence–absence matrices to examine patterns of co-occurrence. Here I show that: (1) Veech's method is identical to Fisher's exact test, a standard procedure for measuring the statistical association between two discrete variables; (2) in a broad sense, the pairwise approach is very similar to early analyses of spatial association, such as the one advanced by Forbes in 1907; (3) implicit in Veech's formula is a sampling scheme that is indistinguishable from well-known matrix-level null models that randomize the distribution of species among equiprobable sites; (4) pairwise co-occurrence patterns can be analysed using any matrix-level null model, so pairwise comparisons are not limited to using Veech's formula. The methodological distinction that Veech proposed between pairwise and matrix-level approaches does not in fact exist, although the conceptual distinction between the two approaches is still a debated topic.
Review Ten things to know about oomycete effectors

SUMMARY Long considered intractable organisms by fungal genetic research standards, the oomycetes have recently moved to the centre stage of research on plant-microbe interactions. Recent work on oomycete effector evolution, trafficking and function has led to major conceptual advances in the science of plant pathology. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on oomycete genetic research and summarize the state of the art in effector biology of plant pathogenic oomycetes by describing what we consider to be the 10 most important concepts about oomycete effectors. mpp_593 795.804
Season of Burn Influences Fire Behavior and Fuel Consumption in Restored Shortleaf Pine–Grassland Communities

Pine forests of southeastern United States have been burned primarily in the dormant season to accomplish silvicultural objectives, but with increased emphasis on ecosystem restoration fires are now prescribed in other seasons. We observed fire behavior during both growing season and dormant season prescribed fires in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) stands managed as pine–grassland communities for the endangered Red‐cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis). Fuel beds for dormant season fires were characterized by lower amounts of live fuels, higher amounts of 1‐hr time lag fuel and a greater total fuel load than growing season fires. Fuel consumption and percent of the total fuels consumed was greater in dormant season fires than in growing season fires. Fireline intensity, heat per unit area, reaction intensity, and rate of spread were greater in dormant season fires than in growing season fires. Lower fire intensity in growing season fires was possibly a function of lower amounts of 1‐hr time lag fuels, higher amounts of live herbaceous fuels, and possibly a less porous fuel bed. Additionally, growing season fires had lower heat per unit area and reaction intensity and slower rates of spread. The Keetch‐Byram drought index (KBDI) did not provide a good index for potential fire behavior on our drought‐prone sandy loam soils. KBDI during growing season fires averaged over four times greater than during dormant season fires, but fire intensity was greater in dormant season fires. Low KBDI values may be misleading and give a false sense of security for dormant season fire prescriptions on sandy loam soils because the duff layer may dry more quickly as a result of inherent low water holding capacity. High KBDI values may result in prescribed burns being canceled because of conditions that are erroneously perceived to be outside the prescription window. We caution against over‐reliance on KBDI as a determining factor for conducting prescribed burns on areas with sandy or sandy loam soils.
Inheritance of resistance to leafhopper (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida) on okra

In okra, inheritance of resistance to leafhopper was investigated in 2 resistant × susceptible crosses using 6 standard generations, viz. parents, F1 F2 and first back crosses. Leafhopper nymphal population and injury index were recorded. An additive dominance model fitted the data adequately. Both additive and dominant gene effects were found significant in explaining the inheritance of these traits. There was no evidence of epistasis. To improve leafhopper resistance in commercially grown varieties of okra, back cross method is recommended. However, selection for resistant genes in later generations may also be exercised until the homozygosity is achieved.
Effect of different broodstock densities on the reproductive performance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), in a recycling system

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different stocking densities on the seed production of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), under intensive recycling hatchery system conditions. Males and females with mean body weights of 163.2 and 105.0 g, respectively, were stocked at three broodstock densities (4, 8 and 12 fish m–2) at a male:female ratio of 1:3 in 1 × 1 × 0.43 m (W × L × H) fibreglass tanks. The tanks were illuminated at 2500 lux for 18 h day–1 and the water temperature was maintained at 29 ± 1 °C. Effluent from spawning tanks was recycled through a biological filter with 10–15% replacement of new water per day. The experiment lasted for 126 days. The results showed that breeders stocked at 4 fish m–2 had significantly higher (P < 0.05) mean values for total seed production, seed kg–1 female day–1, seed female–1 day–1, seed m–2 day–1 and spawning synchrony than at 8 and 12 fish m–2 broodstock densities. The mean percentage of seeds in the yolk-sac and swim-up fry stages was highest at 4 fish m–2 broodstock density. However, the recovery rate was not affected by broodstock density. It is recommended that further research should be conducted to determine whether weight m–2, number m–2 or age of broodstock should be the basis for stocking broodstock.
The toxic effects of three dinoflagellate species from the genus Karenia on invertebrate larvae and finfish

Abstract Three species of Kareniaceae, Karenia brevis, Karenia brevisulcata and Karenia mikimotoi were assessed for toxicity to juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), snapper (Pagrus auratus) and six species of marine invertebrate larvae (GreenshellTM mussel, pacific oyster, paua [New Zealand abalone], sea slug, sea urchin and brine shrimp). Karenia brevis was ichthyotoxic to juvenile salmon with a LT50 of 0.75 h at 0.18 × 106 cells L–1 but juvenile snapper were less sensitive (LT50 of 4.5 h at 5.9 × 106 cells L–1). Karenia brevisulcata also showed differential toxicity to juvenile salmon and snapper with LT50 of 0.48 h at 11 × 106 cells L–1 and 7.5 h at 16 × 106 cells L–1 respectively. However, no acute symptoms were observed in the fish following 48 h exposure to K. mikimotoi at 3.4 × 106 cells L–1. Karenia brevis at the highest level tested (8.7 × 106 cells L–1) did not cause observable symptoms in any of the invertebrate larvae over 24 h. Karenia mikimotoi only affected paua larvae (LT50 10 h at 12 × 106 cells L–1). Karenia brevisulcata was highly toxic to mussel, sea urchin and paua larvae (LT50 1–6.1 h at 7.5–9.6 × 106 cells L–1), toxic to sea slug and oyster larvae (LT50 6 h at 80 × 106 cells L–1 and 9.2 h at 34 × 106 cells L–1 respectively) but did not affect brine shrimp. Analysis of test cultures by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed that K. brevis produced brevetoxins (52 pg cell–1; mainly brevetoxin-2). Karenia brevisulcata produced brevisulcatic acids (BSXs) and the more toxic Karenia brevisulcata toxins (KBTs). Karenia mikimotoi did not produce brevetoxin, BSXs or KBTs. The present study confirms the broad threats that blooms of K. brevisulcata pose to marine ecosystems and aquaculture, and the hazards of K. brevis to finfish and K. mikimotoi to abalone respectively.
THE LARVAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECOLOGY OF THORACOPHELIA MUCRONATA (TREADWELL)

1. The larval development of Thoracophelia mucronata follows the same pattern as that of O phelia bicornis, but is much more rapid, the eggs being less than a quarter of the volume of those of O. bicornis when mature.2. The larval development shows differences in the formation of the anterior segments and the anterior regions of the gut.3. Larvae of both species show the development of the adhesive papillae at the time of settling, and this is regarded as an adaption to settling on an unstable substratum.4. The great development of hemoglobin in Thoracophelia mucronata may be interpreted as an adaptation against surf action, the hemoglobin functioning as an oxygen-store when the stirring of the surface layers of sand causes the worms to burrow more deeply.5. Attention is drawn to the development of sensory papillae, and the elongated chaetae of the most posterior segments in relation to rectal respiration which is carried on near the surface when the sand is not being disturbed.6. The optimal tidal level .
Evidence from Genetic Markers Suggests Seasonal Variation in Dispersal in Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract Spatial and temporal variation in the genetic structure of local populations of tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens (F.) were surveyed using 11 polymorphic allozyme and 36 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-polymerase chain reaction markers. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were calculated from male moths caught in pheromone traps from 5 to 6 local populations from 1995 to 1997. Overall, populations showed little spatial differentiation that indicates a high effective gene flow rate over the spatial scale under investigation. The data show that allelic differentiation arose more frequently in the second generation than in any other generation, suggesting that dispersal was more limited during this period of the summer. Based on allozyme data, estimates of Wright’s standardized genetic variance among populations, FST, ranged from 0.001 to 0.018, with the highest values found from the second generation. Estimates based on bootstrapping over loci suggested that genetic variance among populations was significantly higher in the second generation than other generations. Genetic variance tended to increase progressively through the season, peaking in the second generation and decreasing in the latter part of the summer. This temporal pattern of genetic structure is concomitant with changes in gene flow rates and may be influenced by phenological changes in the primary host plants. The FST estimates and average heterozygosity from RAPD markers were consistently higher than those estimated from allozyme markers. However, patterns of change over the course of the summer were similar, and the two types of genetic markers provide similar insights into the dispersal biology of H. virescens.
Phylogeny of the ankylosaurian dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)

Ankylosauria is a diverse clade of quadrupedal ornithischian dinosaurs whose remains are known from Middle Jurassic to latest Cretaceous sediments worldwide. Despite a long history of research, ankylosaur interrelationships remain poorly resolved and existing cladistic analyses suffer from limited character and taxon sampling. Here, we present the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the group attempted to date. The traditional ankylosaurid–nodosaurid dichotomy is maintained. Ankylosauridae forms a well-resolved clade, which includes Zhongyuansaurus, the first ankylosaurid known to lack a tail club. Nodosauridae includes a number of taxa that were resolved either as ‘polacanthids’ or basal ankylosaurids in previous analyses. The use of a broader character sample allows analysis of the interrelationships of all valid ankylosaur species; this has revealed several previously unrecognized relationships. Stegosauria is recovered as the sister taxon to Ankylosauria, while Scelidosaurus is found to be a basal thyreophoran. Dedicated methods for coding continuous characters could be used in future to improve the resolution of ankylosaur phylogeny, particularly in order to explore the relationships within the poorly resolved nodosaurid clade.
Tetracycline resistance in Staphylococcus intermedius

Staphylococcus intermedius cultures commonly exhibited combined resistance to tetracycline and to minocycline. The respective tetracycline resistance genes could not be demonstrated to be plasmidborne as known from other staphylococcal species. They were found to be located in the chromosomal DNA. Southern blot hybridization with specific gene probes identified the tetracycline resistance genes of Staph. intermedius to belong to the class M of bacterial tet genes.
Effect of polyculture of shrimp with fish on luminous bacterial growth in grow-out pond water and sediment

Objective: To study the distribution of marine luminous bacteria in shrimp culture systems of West Bengal and the effect of polyculture of shrimp with fish to reduce luminous bacteria. Methods: Luminous bacterial counts were enumerated by spread plating on seawater complex agar from shrimp grow-out pond water and pond sediment samples of West Bengal, India. Results: About 31.16% and 51.44% of pond sediment and pond water samples respectively had detectable levels of luminous bacteria. It was noticed that in normal ponds a shift happened in bacterial profile of water from the day of flooding up to 60 d, with the dominance of luminous bacteria among vibrios, reaching counts 10 4 cells/mL or more. While in diseased ponds, luminous bacterial abundance within the ponds was noticed in the first 6 weeks of culture. Marked reduction in luminous bacterial counts of water and sediment was observed through out the culture period in polyculture ponds compared to monoculture ponds. There was no incidence of white spot syndrome viral disease and luminous vibriosis in both controlled and experimental ponds. Conclusions: The results suggest vigilant monitoring of ponds for luminous bacteria abundance and polyculture of shrimp with fish in ecofriendly sustainable aquaculture can reduce the impact of shrimp disease outbreak. Peer reviewer