Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attenuation-Based Automatic Tube Potential Selection in Cerebral Computed Tomography Angiography: Effects on Radiation Exposure and Image Quality

With technologic innovations in computed tomography (CT), cerebral CT angiography (CTA) has been established as a useful non-invasive diagnostic modality to assess patients with neurovascular disease (1). Meanwhile, as the remarkable growth in the use of CT, awareness is increasing of the potential risk of relatively low doses of ionizing radiation from medical diagnostic imaging (2, 3). Therefore, reducing radiation exposure to the patient has become an important issue. Recently, various techniques have been developed to reduce radiation dose during CT examinations, including X-ray beam collimation, filtration, automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) and iterative reconstruction algorithms (4-7). Using a lower tube potential is an important technique to reduce radiation dose (8-13). It also increases iodine attenuation and improves visibility of hypervascular pathologies and vascular anatomy (8, 9, 14), but the image quality is impaired by higher noise. To compensate for the higher noise, other options must be adjusted, such as increasing effective tube current-time prodAttenuation-Based Automatic Tube Potential Selection in Cerebral Computed Tomography Angiography: Effects on Radiation Exposure and Image Quality 뇌혈관 컴퓨터단층촬영 조영술에서의 감쇄 기반 자동 관전압 선택 알고리즘: 방사선 조사와 영상 품질에 미치는 영향
Characterisation of the Hamamatsu photomultipliers for the KM3NeT Neutrino Telescope

The Hamamatsu R12199-02 3-inch photomultiplier tube is the photodetector chosen for the first phase of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope. About 7000 photomultipliers have been characterised for dark count rate, timing spread and spurious pulses. The quantum efficiency, the gain and the peak-to-valley ratio have also been measured for a sub-sample in order to determine parameter values needed as input to numerical simulations of the detector.
The Natural History of Subependymal Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage

A prospective study of 377 premature infants (=£ 1500 gm) was undertaken to delineate the natural history of subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage (S/IVH) and its complications using ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT). Low grade (I, II) S/IVH had a low mortality while higher grades (III, IV) still had elevated mortality rates. The addition of intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) to S/IVH incrementally increased the incidence of death and other complications, suggesting IPH hemorrhage should be categorized separately. When a specific day could be identified, S/IVH had its onset in the first 7 days of life with peak incidence occurring on day 3. S/IVH appeared to be an event limited to less than 24 hours in all but 5% of infants in whom progression of hemorrhage was documented over a 24-hour period. The mortality rate of these progressive hemorrhages was high, 50%. The benign phenomenon of late S/IVH was detected in 5% of infants. These hemorrhages were clinically silent and of minor severity.
Factor VII Deficiency Detected in Pregnancy: A Case Report

Factor VII deficiency is a rare hereditary coagulation disorder with an incidence estimated at 1 in 500,000 individuals. In this report, we describe the 13th case in pregnancy. The diagnosis of severe factor VII deficiency (factor VII level <5%) was established at 10 weeks' gestation after initial laboratory testing showed a markedly prolonged prothrombin time and a normal activated partial thromboplastin time. There was a history of two preterm deliveries, but there was no evidence of previous bleeding manifestations. Antenatal progress of the index pregnancy was unremarkable. Pro-phylactic treatment with fresh frozen plasma was started at the onset of labor and the patient had a vaginal delivery of a live girl at 36 weeks' gestation. There was no post-partum hemorrhage and mother and newborn were discharged in good condition. The patient's postpartum level of factor VII remained undetectable. Two aspects are out-lined: the absence of any significant increase in factor VII clotting activity during this pregnancy and the need to give replacement therapy at labor in patients with severe factor VII deficiency to decrease the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.
Transparency performance improvement for multi-master multi-slave teleoperation systems with external force estimation

Cooperative teleoperation combines two traditional areas of robotics, that is, teleoperation and collaborative manipulation. Cooperative telerobotic systems consist of multiple pairs of master and slave robotic manipulators operating in a shared environment. The most common control frameworks for nonlinear systems, that is, Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers, possess considerable deficiency in contact motion. In this paper, a novel control scheme is proposed for a nonlinear bilateral cooperative teleoperation system with time delay. In addition to position and velocity signals, force signals are employed in the control strategy. This modification significantly enhances the poor transparency when the slave robots are in collision with the environment. To cope with external forces measurement, a modified force estimation algorithm is proposed to estimate human and environment forces. The closed loop stability of the nonlinear cooperative teleoperation system with the proposed control scheme is investigated using the Lyapunov theory. The main achievement of this research is the stability of the closed loop cooperative teleoperation system in the presence of estimated operator and environmental forces. In addition, it is theoretically and experimentally proved that force reflection occurs and transparency is improved at the same time. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the presented control strategy in free motion as well as when the slave robots are in contact with the environment.
Statistical Fluctuations in Evolutionary and Population Dynamics

In this thesis, we study collective phenomena that arise from microscopic fluctuations at the individual level of two different living populations. First, we study evolutionary dynamics of two-species competitions in a well-mixed environment subject to population size fluctuations. We demonstrate a mechanism for neutral evolution such that population size fluctuations favor a fixation of one species over the other. An effective evolutionary dynamics for fluctuation-induced selection is derived. We then investigate strong mutualism, in a limit where a varying population size can strongly influence the evolutionary dynamics. We determine fixation probabilities as well as mean fixation times taking into account the population size degree of freedom. The results elucidate the interplay between population size fluctuations and evolutionary dynamics in well-mixed systems. Second, we investigate single species marine population subject to a constant flow field and quenched random spatially fluctuating growth rates. We show that the non-equilibrium steady-state population density of a generalized Fisher-Kolmogorov-Petrovsky-Piscounov (FKPP) equation develops a flow-driven striation pattern. The striations are highly asymmetric with a longitudinal correlation length that diverges linearly with the flow speed and a transverse correlation length that approaches a finite velocity-independent value. The findings suggest that, although the growth disorder can be spatially uncorrelated, correlated population structures with striations emerge naturally at sufficiently strong advection.
Hierarchical structure of the interstellar molecular clouds and star formation

Abstract Properties of the hierarchical structures of interstellar molecular clouds are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the statistical correlations between velocity dispersion and size, and between the magnetic field strength and gas density. We investigate the formation of some hierarchical structures with the help of numerical MHD simulations using the ENLIL code. The simulations show that the interstellar molecular filaments with parallel magnetic field and molecular cores can form via the collapse and fragmentation of cylindrical molecular clouds. The parallelmagnetic field halts the radial collapse of the cylindrical cloud maintaining its nearly constant radius ~0.1 pc. The observed filaments with perpendicularmagnetic field can form as a result of themagnetostatic contraction of oblate molecular clouds under the action of Alfvén and MHD turbulence. The theoretical density profiles are fitted with the Plummer-like function and agree with observed profiles of the filaments in Gould’s Belt. The characteristics of molecular cloud cores found in our simulations are in agreement with observations.
Performance Analysis of Gate Engineered III-Nitride/ $\beta$-Ga2O3 Nano-HEMT for High-Power Nanoelectronics

In this paper, a field-plated III-nitride nano-HEMT over the $\beta$-Ga2O3 substrate is designed with three different types of gate structures. The impact of different gate structures on transfer characteristics, drain characteristics, electric field distribution, and gate leakage characteristics of the proposed nano-HEMT are presented with profound analysis. The device with a double-head (DH) recessed gate length of $20n$ m exhibits better transfer characteristics, pinch-off characteristics and lower gate leakage current. It is believed that this piece of research will give an insightful thought on the improved III-nitride HEMT grown on the emerging $\beta$-Ga2O3 material as a substrate for high-power nanoelectronics applications.
Understanding the (In)Security of Cross-side Face Verification Systems in Mobile Apps: A System Perspective

Face Verification Systems (FVSes) are more and more deployed by real-world mobile applications (apps) to verify a human’s claimed identity. One popular type of FVSes is called cross-side FVS (XFVS), which splits the FVS functionality into two sides: one at a mobile phone to take pictures or videos and the other at a trusted server for verification. Prior works have studied the security of XFVSes from the machine learning perspective, i.e., whether the learning models used by XFVSes are robust to adversarial attacks. However, the security of other parts of XFVSes, especially the design and implementation of the verification procedure used by XFVSes, is not well understood.In this paper, we conduct the first measurement study on the security of real-world XFVSes used by popular mobile apps from a system perspective. More specifically, we design and implement a semi-automated system, called XFVSChecker, to detect XFVSes in mobile apps and then inspect their compliance with four security properties. Our evaluation reveals that most of existing XFVS apps, including those with billions of downloads, are vulnerable to at least one of four types of attacks. These attacks require only easily available attack prerequisites, such as one photo of the victim, to pose significant security risks, including complete account takeover, identity fraud and financial loss. Our findings result in 14 Chinese National Vulnerability Database (CNVD) IDs and one of them, particularly CNVD-2021-86899, is awarded the most valuable vulnerability in 2021 among all the reported vulnerabilities to CNVD.
"In Eighty Percent of the Cases, I Select the Password for Them": Security and Privacy Challenges, Advice, and Opportunities at Cybercafes in Kenya

Cybercafes remain a popular way to access the Internet in the developing world as many users still lack access to personal computers. Coupled with the recent digitization of government services, e.g. in Kenya, many users have turned to cybercafes to access essential services. Many of these users may have never used a computer, and face significant security and privacy issues at cybercafes. Yet, these challenges as well as the advice offered remain largely unexplored. We investigate these challenges along with the security advice and support provided by the operators at cybercafes in Kenya through n = 36 semi-structured interviews (n = 14 with cybercafe managers and n = 22 with customers). We find that cybercafes serve a crucial role in Kenya by enabling access to printing and government services. However, most customers face challenges with computer usage as well as security and usability challenges with account creation and password management. As a workaround, customers often rely on the support and advice of cybercafe managers who mostly direct them to use passwords that are memorable, e.g. simply using their national ID numbers or names. Some managers directly manage passwords for their customers, with one even using the same password for all their customers. These results suggest the need for more awareness about phone-based password managers, as well as a need for computer training and security awareness among these users. There is also a need to explore security and privacy advice beyond Western peripheries to support broader populations.
Sensor insole for measuring temporal variables and vertical force during sprinting

Temporal variables and vertical ground reaction force have been used as measures characterizing sprinting. A recently developed wireless pressure sensor insole (sensor insole) could be useful for monitoring sprinting in terms of temporal variables and vertical ground reaction force during training sessions. The purpose of this study was to examine the concurrent validity of the sensor insole for measuring temporal and vertical force variables during sprinting. One athlete performed five 50-m sprints, and the step-to-step vertical ground reaction force and plantar pressure were simultaneously measured by a long-force platform system (reference device) and the sensor insole, respectively. The temporal and vertical ground reaction force variables were calculated using signals from both devices, and a comparison was made between values obtained with both devices for 125 steps analyzed. The percentage bias, 95% limits of agreement, and Bland–Altman plots showed low agreement with the reference device for all variables except for step frequency. For the vertical ground reaction force variables, the sensor insole underestimated the values (−18.9 to −48.3%) compared to the force platform. While support time and time to maximal vertical force from the foot strike were overestimated by the sensor insole (54.6 ± 8.0% and 94.2 ± 23.2%), flight time was underestimated (−48.2 ± 15.0%). Moreover, t-test revealed the significant difference in all variables between the sensor insole and force platform, except for step frequency. The bias for step frequency (0.4 ± 7.5%) was small. However, there was heteroscedasticity for all variables. The results from this study demonstrate that a wireless pressure sensor insole is generally not valid to measure the temporal and vertical force variables during sprinting. Thus, using the examined sensor insole for monitoring sprinting characteristics is not recommended at this time.
Low-Complexity Coding, Modulation and Pulse Shaping for SkyCubesNet CubeSat Transceivers

CubeSats present a promising opportunity to meet the rapidly increasing demand on high-speed connectivity. The SkyCubesNet project aims to establish a CubeSat constellation over Qatar and Turkey that provides high-speed connectivity over urban and rural areas to serve individual users and support smart cities infrastructure. Nevertheless, establishing high-speed connectivity with CubeSats requires groundbreaking solutions to overcome the obstacles associated with designing low-power high-speed transceivers at the size and mass requirements of CubeSats. Demodulation and channel decoding are known to be two of the most computationally extensive tasks of any transceiver. In this paper, we develop a low-complexity channel coding and modulation scheme suitable for CubeSats based on Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) coding and Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying (DBPSK). We propose a low-complexity LDPC decoding algorithm that can support high-throughput applications at low implementation cost. It is found that at a bit error rate of $10^{-6}$ the coded system signal to noise ratio (SNR) requirement is $4\mathrm{~dB}$ lower than that of the uncoded system. Moreover, the performance improvement of the coded system increases with increasing SNR. The paper presents evaluation of the system’s performance and implementation cost. Compared with similar works on CubeSat transceivers, our system has the highest data rate, highest code rate, and lowest number of decoding iterations.
A Single Capacitor-Based Offset Reduction Technique for Energy-Efficient Dynamic Comparators

This work proposes a single capacitor-based offset reduction technique for dynamic comparators. It additionally uses only one capacitor and two transistors to reduce the offset introduced due to threshold mismatch, resulting in an energy-efficient design. The proposed technique reduces the offset by four to six times compared to the conventional design for the entire input range. The comparator is designed in 65 nm CMOS process using 1.2 V power supply. It occupies an area of $21.2\ \mu\mathrm{m}\times 16\ \mu\mathrm{m}$. The performance of comparator is verified using post-layout simulations. The maximum operating frequency of comparator is 2 GHz and it consumes 51 fJ of energy per conversion cycle. The Monte-Carlo simulations performed for 500 samples result in worst-case offset of 1.7 mV.
Reliability of WÂ´ using time-trials under laboratory conditions

Introduction Critical power (CP) and the maximum work above CP ( WÂ´ ) serve as important parameters to characterize high intensity exercise (Jones et al. 2010). However, recent research reported poor reproducibility of WÂ´ (Galbraith et al. 2011; Karsten et al. 2015; Triska et al. 2015) and it was suggested that differences in the environmental conditions (e.g. terrain, seating position) or exhaustive durations might have influenced WÂ´ between tests. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine WÂ´ under controlled laboratory conditions using time-trials (TT). We hypothesized non-significant differences and a high reliability for WÂ´ . Â Methods Ten well-trained cyclists (MAP: 329Â±41 W) participated in this study. Reliability was assessed across three tests comprising three exhaustive TT each. These TT were 12, 7, and 3 min in duration and interspersed by 30 min passive rest. Tests were separated by at least 72 h. TTs were performed on a Cyclus2 ergometer (RBM Elektronik GmbH, Leipzig, Germany) where the participantsâ€™ personal bikes were mounted on. To replicate real-world TT cycling, participants consequently utilised a self-pacing strategy were gearing was adjusted throughout efforts using the virtual gear changer mounted to the handlebars. WÂ´ was estimated using a linear regression where power is plotted against the inverse of time (1.s -1 ): P = WÂ´ . t -1 + CP where P is the power output (W) Â and t is the time (s). The standard error (SE) for WÂ´ was calculated in absolute and relative values for each test. A repeated measures ANOVA assessed the differences between the trials and significant main effects were followed-up by Bonferroni post-hoc procedures. Reliability was analysed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and the coefficient of variation (CoV) (Hopkins 2000). Statistical significance was set at P <. 050. Â Results Table 1 illustrates the results of the tests. Non-significant differences between repeated tests were revealed for WÂ´ ( F 1.513,9.935 = 2.951; P = .115). However, significant differences were found for the absolute and relative SE ( F 2,18 = 10.865; P = .001; and F 2,18 = 5.428; P = .014, respectively). Using Bonferroni post-hoc procedures, absolute SE of Test I was significantly higher compared to Test II and Test III ( P = .008-.042). Â Discussion and Conclusions Using TT efforts in trained cyclists, a learning effect for WÂ´ between Test I - Test II was identified. Furthermore, the ICC was low between Test I - Test II , but high for Test II-Test III . This is supported by CoV values for Test I - Test II which were notably above the recommended upper limit of 10% (Atkinson and Nevill 1998), however, improved to acceptable values in the following tests. The relative SE of the first test was slightly above the accepted upper limit of 10% (Ferguson et al. 2013), but well below that in the two following tests. Furthermore, absolute SE was significantly lower in Test II and Test III . To accurately determine WÂ´ our findings suggest a familiarisation trial even when testing trained cyclists.
Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking Analysis of Phytochemicals Derived from Woodfordia Fruticosa To Delineate Acinetobacter Baumannii OXA-23 Antagonists

Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, a leading contributor to nosocomial infections, is an alarming vulnerability to global population and modern healthcare systems. With expediated emergence of resistance, it has emanated as an obstinate opportunistic pathogen with high morbidity and mortality rates. Of several challenging and diverse resistance mechanisms possessed by the bacteria, OXA-23 carbapenemases are the cornerstone against carbapenems, the first line antibiotics against multidrug resistant strains. Given the paucity of available therapeutics, identification of novel antimicrobial agents is an urgent necessity to tackle this notorious pathogen. Phytochemicals because of their natural origin and low toxicities have gained immense popularity as enhancers or alternatives to existing antibiotics. This study intends to widen the scope of interventions against A. baumannii OXA-23. We performed molecular docking analysis using Autodock Vina to curate the phytochemical profile of an herbal plant Woodfordia fruticosa to predict their binding affinity towards OXA-23. Sixteen molecules exhibited higher binding affinities than the standard inhibitor used (Avibactam: -6.4 kcal/mol). The shortlisted molecules were further assessed for their drug likeliness properties via RO5 analysis and prediction of bioavailability and bioactivity scores. Maslinic acid and Oleanolic acid were the top lead molecules with binding energies as high as 9.4 kcal/mol and -9.0 kcal/mol respectively.
Segmentation Guided Fusion Network for Motion Deblurring of Long Exposure Images in Low Light Condition

In this paper, we propose a segmentation-guided fusion network for motion deblurring of long exposure images in low light condition, called SGFusionNet. SGFusionNet adopts multi-sensor fusion of of color (RGB) and near infrared (NIR) images to remove motion blur of long exposure images in low light condition. SGFusionNet first extracts foreground features from NIR images and background features from RGB images, and then fuses them at different scales through a fusion module. The fused features are fed into the decoding network for image reconstruction. For network training, we generate a dataset of RGB and NIR image pairs with a segmentation mask using JAI AD-130 GE camera. Due to the limit of generating ground truth, we design an unsupervised loss function based on the segmentation mask to constrain adaptive to foreground and background. Experimental results show that SGFusionNet effectively fuses fine NIR textures with RGB background with the guidance of the segmentation mask, while successfully removing motion blur in long exposure images.