Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Levels of pesticide residues in water, sediment, and fish samples collected from Nile River in Cairo, Egypt

Abstract Pesticides constitute one of the major sources of environmental hazards to human and animals as they concentrate in the food chain. Organochlorine, organophosphorus, and carbamate pesticides were investigated using water, sediment, and fish (Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus, and Tilapia zillii) muscle samples of the Nile River in Cairo region (Egypt). Pesticide residues were analyzed seasonally using gas chromatography. The results showed that the average total pesticide residue in sediment was higher (63.5 ± 36.2 ppb) than that in water samples (45.1 ± 35.0 ppb). High levels of total pesticide residues in water and sediment samples were detected in autumn (73.57 ± 62.97 and 103.03 ± 16.05 ppb, respectively), which may be attributed to the increase in suspended matter (low flood) and high application of pesticides during that season. Pesticide residue in tissue samples of C. gariepinus amounted to 49.1 ± 17.8 ppb followed by T. zillii (48.3 ± 18.9 ppb) and O. niloticus (45.6 ± 28.7 ppb). The relatively high levels of total pesticide residue on C. gariepinus tissue may be explained by the nature of catfish habits and feeding. The estimated pesticide residual concentrations in fish samples did not exceed the maximum residue limits. Health risk estimation revealed that all tested pesticides in the studied fish species had no potential for systemic toxicity to consumers, but regular monitoring is recommended to control the levels of pesticide residues in the Nile River ecosystem.
HEMŞİRELERİN VE KANSERLİ HASTALARIN AĞRI DEĞERLENDİRMELERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

The inadequate management of pain continues to be a significant problem for cancer patients. The purpose of this descriptive study was to compare the pain assessments of the nurses and cancer patients, and analize the factors affecting the pain assessments. The sample of study was consisted of nurses n=40 working in oncology clinics of a state hospital and a training hospital and eighty cancer patients hospitalized in these clinics. The Questionaire Form for Patients, Questionaire Form for Nurses and Visual Analogue Scale were used in the collection of the study data. It is found that oncology nurses mostly considered verbal expressions of patients and no one of them used pain scale, less assessed pain than the cancer patients. Nurses’ education level, training about pain and working duration in oncology clinic effected their pain assessment. Bachelor's degree, continuous education and certificate programmes about pain assessment could be beneficial for nurses to assessment pain of cancer patients
Bacteriocin, Antimicrobial as A New Natural Food Preservative: Its Potential and Challenges

Improving food safety and quality remains a major challenge in worldwide. Modern society tends to choose the foods that are fresh tasting, free of chemical additives, rich in nutrients and has been introduced to minimally processed. Bacteriocins as new natural preservatives could be produced by Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, even though it is mostly originated from Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). Bacteriocin-producing bacteria as well as bacteriocin has long been used in some countries as alternatives to replace chemical additives. The use of these antimicrobial agents has been proven effective in food manufacturing and distribution chain, especially in increasing shelf life of food products. Other potential from the use of bio-preservatives in various types of food is still huge. However, approval of bio-preservatives and their commercially applications is still limited. This study will review the selection criteria for bacteria used, the mechanism of action, its potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industries and its potential as an anti-cancer agent. In addition, this study will explore the main challenges faced including its stability and the possible risk of resistance to microorganisms. This review will also describe a series of processes for identification, characterization, and approval of the use of bacteriocins before they are commercially marketed. In addition, the safety issue of using bacteriocin-producing bacteria, especially as probiotics, also needs to be considered as a fundamental for quality control and the improvement of drug and food safety.
Does Regulation Matter?: Effects of Corporate Governance Reforms on Relational Shareholding in Japan

Through Abenomics, new regulations based on the "comply or explain" principle were introduced to alter the deep-rooted relational shareholding ( seisaku-hoyu ) practice among Japanese firms. The stewardship code encourages institutional investors to engage in corporate management, and one of the indicators of such engagement is the management of a firm's financial policy, such as the firm's policies for securities holdings and payouts. Regarding relational shareholding, the Corporate Governance Code introduced stricter corporate disclosure requirements, including guidelines for the self-assessment of the appropriateness and economic rationale for relational shareholding. We explore the consequences of the new regulation by using unique data on firms with high relational shareholding (the so called bedrock firms, " Ganban Kigyo "). Our results provide evidence that following the reforms, Japanese corporations began to actively reduce their relational shareholding. The incentive to reduce relational shareholding was constrained by intercorporate relationships. However, this constraint was also mitigated through the reforms. We also provide evidence that despite the expected outcome of Abenomics, corporate policies in firms that reduced their relational shareholding are likely to result in an increase in cash holdings and in dividend payouts, while R&D, M&A and CAPX are left unaffected.
Honey incorporated antibacterial acellular dermal matrix for full-thickness wound healing

Honey is a potent natural antibacterial remedy used for the treatment of chronic wounds. In this study, Honey incorporated Acellular Dermal Matrix (H-AGDM) was fabricated for accelerating the wound healing process. The physiochemical and morphological characterization of the fabricated matrix was performed by FTIR, FESEM, in vitro degradation study, and antibacterial activity. Subsequently the biocompatibility was evaluated by in vitro 3T3 cell culture study and in vivo by full-thickness wound healing study in albino mice model. H-AGDM significantly showed significantly enhanced antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory response and wound healing rate.
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER RATES AND APPLICATION METHODS OF HUMIC ACID ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF SWEET POTATO

Two field experiments were conducted on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) cv. Beaure Gard at the Horticulture Research Farm of El-Bramoon, El-Dakahlia Governorate, during the two successive summer seasons of 2007 and 2008 to evaluate the effects of different rates of phosphorus (15, 30 and 45 kg P2O5/fed) either single and/or in combination with application methods of humic acid (control, foliar spray, transplant treatment and soil application) on plant growth, yield and its components, as well as chemical constituents and storability of tuber roots. In general, results showed that the increasing of applied phosphorus rate from 15 kg P2O5 up to 45 kg P2O5/fed significantly increased main stem length, canopy dry weight plant leaf area, total chlorophyll and carotenoides as well as total and marketable yield, dry matter percentage of tuber root and tuber root weight and diameter, Moreover, Application phosphorus at 45 kg P2O5/fed significantly increased N, P, K, carbohydrate and total sugars in tuber roots. This P-rate had the most interesting observation was the enhancing of storability and reduced decay percentage. On the other hand, application methods of humic acid had a significant effect on all studied characters in both seasons. Soil application method of humic acid had a significant increases in plant growth characters, photosynthetic pigments, total and marketable yield and tuber root quality. Besides, this application method significantly increased chemical composition of tuber roots and reduced the weight loss and decay percentages. The combined treatments of P-rates and application method of humic acid were generally more effective on the most studied parameters than with single ones. The best results were obtained by application 30 kg P2O5/fed with soil application method of humic acid. This treatment achieved increases in vegetative growth characters, total and marketable yield, average of tuber root weight and diameter as well as concentrations of N, P, K, carbohydrate and total sugars in tuber roots. In addition, this combined treatment enhanced the tuberous roots storability and reduced decay% comparing with the other ones. Therefore, this treatment could be recommended for raising sweet potato yield and improving tuberous roots quality as well as reduced the need for chemical P-fertilizer by about 33.3 %, thereby reducing costs and environment pollution under similar conditions to this work.
Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of YVO
 4
 nanocrystals through ethylenediaminetetraacetate‐assisted hydrothermal process

Tetragonal YVO4 nanoparticles of different sizes were successfully prepared through an ethylenediaminetetraacetate -mediated hydrothermal method. The crystalline structure and optical property were characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectra, and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflection spectra, respectively. The as-prepared YVO4 displayed excellent photocatalytic performance. Among them, sample S2 has the highest photocatalytic activity with a photodegradation efficiency of 85% within 180 min illumination, which is due to its smaller size and larger specific surface area. The investigation on the photocatalytic mechanism reveals that hydroxyl radical (•OH) is the main active species in the photocatalytic oxidation process.
Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Understanding the influence of psychosocial risk factors and mothers’ help-seeking behaviour on the experience of depressive symptoms

Research has shown that adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are at an increased risk for experiencing depressive symptoms (DS) resulting in poor quality of life and further vulnerability for the recurrence of DS in adulthood. Adolescence is a complex developmental period marked by dynamic social contexts that must be effectively navigated for the maturation processes associated with psychological wellbeing. This period is particularly challenging for individuals with ASD due to deficits in social communication skills leading to atypical social functioning. Consequently, psychosocial risk factors of DS for ASD adolescents are likely to be multiple and complex, and prominent risk factors need to be identified to address their role in the development of DS. Whilst many factors, including the impact of multiple psychosocial causes, may play an ongoing role in the trajectory of DS, what is unique to ASD adolescents when it comes to accessing formal support is their reliance upon maternal help-seeking. Mothers are considered the drivers for accessing treatment for their ASD adolescent due to their age-based dependency and the complexity of their ASD symptomatology. However, due to symptom overlap between ASD and DS, as well as the biopsychosocial challenges associated with adolescence, identification of DS can be difficult for mothers. In order to understand the experience of DS for ASD adolescents, the overall focus of the current project was to examine, in the context of two quantitative investigations, the impact of multiple psychosocial risk factors of DS as well as assess the role of mothers as help-seekers for adolescent’s DS. With a focus on understanding the link between psychosocial risk factors and DS and mothers’ help-seeking behaviour, it is hoped that the current research will minimise the occurrence of DS and expedite recognition and subsequent treatment when symptoms present. The objective of Investigation 1 was to explore the relationship between a number of psychosocial risk factors and adolescent’s self-report of DS. An initial review of the literature
Simplified chemical method of demineralization in human dental enamel

Introduction : Simple methods are required in the laboratory to simulate demineralizing early lesions in a controlled and reproducible, to contribute to research in dental remineralization. Objective : To perform an in vitro evaluation of a simple method of incipient demineralization of human dental enamel by means of clinical, radiographic and histological qualitative analysis. Methods : Twelve third molars from healthy human subjects were selected for demineralization in a racemic lactic acid solution. Samples were then distributed randomly: Group 1 (G1) (n= 6) lactic acid at pH 2,4 and Group 2 (G2) (n= 6) lactic acid at pH 5,4. Each group was then subdivided (n = 2) to evaluate the effect of the solutions to the three exposure times (t1=7 days, t2 =15 days, t3=30 days) at a constant temperature of 37° C. The evaluation of the demineralization was conducted with stereomicroscopes, digital x-rays apparatus using software for the digital analysis of images and polarization microscopy. An integration of the response indices and an ANOVA was formulated. Results : Visual, radiographic and histological findings showed that in the G1 to t1, t2 and t3, the demineralization was characterized by the extensive loss of enamel integrity. Visually, the G2 at t1 exhibited opacity and a loss of brightness, with preservation of the surface structure of the enamel. Conclusion : The lactic acid solution at a pH of 5,4 is effective in generating the incipient demineralization of human tooth enamel. Key words:
An in vivo comparative analysis of bond survival rate between two different bonding techniques

Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the survival rate of orthodontic brackets using two different bonding techniques. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients requiring fixed orthodontic treatment were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria after obtaining informed consent. Result: Twenty patients were selected with the mean age group of 17.5 ±5 years. A total of 360 brackets were bonded (180 brackets in each bonding technique) and were evaluated for survival rate for six months. The direct bonded bracket failure was only 6 out of 180 sample size and for the indirect bonded group was 8 out of 180. The total breakages were 14 including both the groups. The direct bonding group had 95.6% of survival rate which was lower when compared to 96.7% that of direct bonding group. The two bonding groups did not significantly differ in the survival rate. In the posterior region, most of the breakages were observed (12 nos.). ARI score 1 and 2 was found to be more prevalent in the direct bonding technique whereas in the indirect bonding brackets ARI score was found to be equally distributed amongst the group. However there was no significant difference in the ARI scores between the two bonding groups. Conclusion: The overall bond failure rate was minimal, irrespective of the type of technique used to bond the brackets. Bond failure occurred at the bracket-adhesive interface. There was no statistical difference in the ARI scores between the two groups.
Effects of some Aromatic Plant Oils on Thermo Oxidative Stability of Sun Flower Oil

Essential oils were obtained from four selected aromatic plants namely: clove, fennel, rosemary and thyme. Their contents of total polyphenols were determined. The antioxidant activities of the studied aromatic plant oils on sunflower oil comparing with the synthetic antioxidant Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) were determined by a Rancimat apparatus. Antioxidative effect of the extracted aromatic plant oils on the oxidative stability of sunflower oil during heating up to 18 hours was also evaluated. The obtained results indicated that, the studied aromatic plants were rich in phenolic contents which ranged from 9.32 to 19.82 mg as gallic acid/100g on dry weight base. The highest level of total phenolics was found in rosemary followed by fennel and clove, while thyme recorded the lowest. The induction periods determined by Rancimat for sunflower oil treated by 200 ppm of (BHT) or 400 ppm of extracted aromatic plant oils were greater than that of control with more efficiency by using the aromatic oils. Beside, addition of aromatic plant oils to sunflower oil minimized peroxidation and increased its oxidative stability during hating up to 18 hours.
Selective Ring‐Opening of Di‐Substituted Epoxides Catalysed by Halohydrin Dehalogenases

Halohydrin dehalogenases (HHDHs) are valuable biocatalysts for the synthesis of β‐substituted alcohols based on their epoxide ring‐opening activity with a number of small anionic nucleophiles. In an attempt to further broaden the scope of substrates accepted by these enzymes, a panel of 22 HHDHs was investigated in the conversion of aliphatic and aromatic vicinally di‐substituted trans‐epoxides using azide as nucleophile. The majority of these HHDHs was able to convert aliphatic methyl‐substituted epoxide substrates to the corresponding azidoalcohols, in some cases even with absolute regioselectivity. HheG from Ilumatobacter coccineus exhibited also high activity towards sterically more demanding di‐substituted epoxides. This further expands the range of β‐substituted alcohols that are accessible by HHDH catalysis.
Biological Removal of Cadmium by Halomonas elongate IBRC-M10433 in Different Conditions: Optimization by Taguchi Statistical Approach

The biological removing method is cheap and safe for the environment. The Cadmium is toxic and harmful for the environment; therefore, the biological removing programs were developed for deletion of this metal from waste. Detection of persisting bacteria to toxic metals and using them for removing heavy metal from arouses environments and wastewaters is very important. In this study the ability of Halomonas elongate IBRC-M10433 bacterium was achieved from Urmia Salt Lake was tested to remove of Cadmium in wastewaters. For achievement optimised of different environmental factors such as Cadmium, Glucose and salt for removal of Cadmium from H. elongate IBRC-M10433, we used Taguchi method. Results from this study showed that H. elongate IBRC-M10433 persists to Cadmium metal. The largest Cadmium removal (85%) was seen in the culture that contains 50 ppm Cadmium, Glucose 10 g/L and NaCl 200 g/L.
Nitric acid in the stratosphere based on Odin observations from 2001 to 2007 ? Part 1: A global climatology

The Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) on board the Odin satellite, launched in February 2001, observes thermal emissions of stratospheric nitric acid (HNO3) originating from the Earth limb in a band centred at 544.6 GHz. Height-resolved measurements of the global distribution of nitric acid in the stratosphere between ~18? 45 km (~1.5? 60 hPa) were performed approximately on two observation days per week. An HNO3 climatology based on roughly 6 years of observations from August 2001 to December 2007 was created. The study highlights the spatial and seasonal variation of nitric acid in the stratosphere, characterised by a pronounced seasonal cycle at middle and high latitudes with maxima during late fall and minima during spring, strong denitrification in the lower stratosphere of the Antarctic polar vortex during winter (the irreversible removal of NOy by the sedimentation of cloud particles containing HNO3), as well as high quantities of HNO3 formed every winter at high-latitudes in the middle and upper stratosphere. A strong inter-annual variability is observed in particular at high latitudes. A comparison with a stratospheric HNO3 climatology based on UARS/MLS measurements from the 1990s shows a good consistency and agreement of the main morphological features in the potential temperature range ~465 to ~960 K, if the different characteristics of the data sets such as altitude range and resolution are considered.
Teneurin C-terminal Associated Peptides (TCAPs): Evolutionary Origins and the Role of TCAP-1 on Calcium Flux in Astrocyte Monocultures and in Astrocytes Co-cultured with Neurons

95 5 5.1 Introduction . 95 5.2 Evolution of the teneurin-TCAP system . 95 5.3 Evolution of astrocytes and calcium signaling systems . 98 5.4 Concluding Remarks . 99 References . 100 Appendix I: List of Accession Numbers . 110
Rapid Startup of Simultaneous Nitrogen
and Phosphorus Removal (SNPR) Process
and the Bacterial Community Dynamics
in a GSBR

This study inoculated aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treatment for low carbon nitrogen (COD/N) ratio wastewater, and gradually reduced the DO concentration in order to achieve the rapid startup of the simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorous removal (SNPR) process. Meanwhile, the microbial community dynamics at different DO levels were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The removal efficiencies of total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) were significantly affected as different dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (2.0,1.2 and 0.8 mg/L) in stages I, II and III, respectively. When DO concentration was reduced to 0.8mg/L (stage III), the SNPR process was successfully implemented and the removal efficiencies of TN and TP were up to 77.30% and 85.78%, respectively. A total of 40,983 effective 16S rRNA gene sequences were generated from four samples (1-4) that widely represented microbial community diversity. The dominant phyla transformed from Candidate_division_TM7 (the relative abundance of 68.08%) and proteobacteria (25.78%) to Firmicutes (47.57%) and proteobacteria (41.49%) when DO concentration was decreased from 2.0 mg/L (stage I) to 0.8 mg/L(stage III). Moreover, Kluyvera, Peptostreptococcaceae_incertae_ sedis, Clostridium_sensu_strict_1, Trichococcus, Denitratisoma, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_13 and Raoultell were the most abundant genus in the SNPR process. Among these communities, Clostridium_ sensu_strict_1, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_13 and Denitratisoma were considered the main organisms responsible for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
Demand To Join The Community Health Insurance Scheme: A Predictive Analysis Of Individuals From Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania

This paper analysed factors that influence the demand to join community health insurance scheme. Using random sampling, data were collected from 130 households at Dodoma Municipality in Tanzania. Logistic regression model was used in testing the socio economic and demographic factors influencing decisions to join the health insurance scheme among the households. It was found that, age, increased levels of schooling and increased income levels of individuals influence the chances of joining CHIS. However, being a female individual and higher distance to health facility decrease the chances of joining the scheme . The analysis also suggests that the professional activity carried out, the marital status of the individuals, as well as the number of dependents in a household do not explain the decision to join Community Health Insurance Scheme . In view of the research findings, policy proposals are suggested including creating an enabling environment by putting in place a coherent legal and policy framework, financially supporting the very poor and vulnerable groups who are unable to pay premium to make the schemes more inclusive, increase in funding for health services and improvement in the quality of care, continued awareness creation of communities/ patients on the importance of joining health insurance schemes.