Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of small molecules for controlling cellular development

Cellular differentiation is a process directed by a wide range of controlling signaling molecules and pathways. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is one such compound that shows a wide range of biological activity. The endogenous effects of ATRA have the potential to be translated into many in vitro and in vivo applications; however, its administration is associated with many drawbacks. Consequently, a large group of synthetic analogues known as synthetic retinoids - that are structurally similar to ATRA have been prepared and tested in vitro in the search for higher stability and more potency. A small library of stable synthetic retinoids known as EC and GZ derivatives were prepared and their biological activity investigated using TERA2.cl. SP12 human embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cells and SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Two compounds, EC23 and GZ25 were found to inhibit cellular proliferation and induce neural differentiation in both cell lines. EC50s showed higher binding affinity of these two analogues to all RAR types and was confirmed by how they fit into the binding pocket of the different RARs. They bind into the binding pocket through a hydrophilic network of carboxylate group with Arg (salt bridge) and Ser (two hydrogen bonds) residues similar to ATRA. These effects were thoroughly characterized and quantified by monitoring the phenotypic changes of both cell lines and the gene expression markers such as RAR-β, PAX6, NeuroD1 which showed higher order of efficacy for induction of neuronal differentiation.In this study, the combined use of calculated chemical structures, molecular docking tools with receptor binding assays and biological characterization was useful to probe, and hence, understand the biological activity of certain synthetic retinoids with the ultimate goal of designing more specific synthetic retinoic acid derivatives.
Effects of serotonin on the excitability and mechanical thresholds of masticatory muscle afferent fibre

Recent human clinical evidence suggests a relationship between intramuscular (IM) serotonin (5-HT) levels and chronic masticatory muscle pain associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and fibromyalgia (FM). Further, human experimental pain studies have demonstrated that injection of 5-HT into masticatory muscle causes modest, short-lived pain and a longer-lasting mechanical sensitization that appear to be mediated by activation of peripheral 5-HT 3 receptors. However, it has not yet been clearly delineated what 5-HT 3 receptor types are expressed by sensory (afferent) fibres that innervate masticatory muscle. Also, it is not known what types of muscle afferent fibres 5-HT excites or sensitizes. In this study, immunohistochemistry techniques were used to determine the frequencies of expression of the 5-HTi, 5-HT2, and 5-HT 3 receptors by rat masticatory muscle ganglion cells. Electrophysiology experiments were carried out to determine the effects of repeated IM injection of 5-HT (0.1, 1, or 10 mM) on the excitability and mechanical thresholds of rat masticatory muscle afferent fibres. An electronic Von Frey Hair was used to measure afferent fibre mechanical thresholds before the initial and 10 min after the second IM injection. Our immunohistochemistry results suggest that 5-HTi B and especially 5-HT2A receptors, owing to their low frequencies of expression, may play minor roles in peripheral nociceptive transduction in uninflamed muscle tissue. In contrast, 5-HT 3 receptors, which are relatively highly expressed, likely play a more^ prominent role in peripheral nociception. Our electrophysiology results demonstrate that IM injection of 5-HT evokes rapid, relatively reproducible and concentration-dependent increases in afferent fibre excitability that are mediated, at least in part, by a peripheral receptor mechanism
EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI IN RATS

The aim of this study was seeing if is possible to infect rats with Helicobacter pylori and to evaluate the pathogenesis of the bacteria. There wa s utilised an experimental group of 6 adult Whistar rats, and a control group of 4 rats. Each experimental rat was orally inoculated with positive human gastric biops ies, two times at three weeks interval. Three weeks from th e second inoculation the rats were euthanasied and examined (gross examination, bacterioscopy, urease rapid tes t and histology). In all experimental rats, not in control, urease test was positive. The exam of the gastric s mears, in infected cases, showed the presence of on ly Helicobacter pylori -like bacteria. The histological findings consisted in chronic active superficial gastritis apoptosis and necrosis of superficial epithelium of antrum, neutrophilic gastritis, represented by sup erficial epithelial alteration, ulcers, inflammatory infiltr ate with mononuclear cells and granulocytes, and su perficial fibrosis of lamina propria. Our results show that Helicobacter pylori is pathogen for rats, at least in experimental conditions, and that the lesions caused in rats are similar to those in humans and animal models.
Combining ability for seed yield and quality parameters in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Combining ability analysis of seed yield and seed quality parameters ina 12 x 12 full diallel crossing programme indicated that MC 13 (Coimbatore Local) was a good general combiner for number of seeds/F0 fruit and 100-seed weight and culture No. MC 84 for field emergence, seedling length and seedling dry weight. Considering the seed quality parameters and heterosis for yield, the combinations Co 1 x Coimbatore Long Green, KAU MC 84 x MC 13, and its reciprocal, MC 36 x Coimbatore Long Green, Priya x Co 1, and MC 13 x MC 36 were found to be promising.
Effect of Feeding on Nitrogen Excretion of Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus.

Measurements of the rate of nitrogen excretion were carried out with fed and starved Japanese flounder of 163 to 575g in body weight at 20°C. Ammonia-N and urea-N excretion of the starved fish were 0.20±0.05mg-N/100g/h and 0.04±0.02mg-N/100g/h, respectively. Immediately after feeding, the rate of ammonia-N excretion per hour of the flounder became 3 to 4 times that of the starved fish. These elevated rates continued for 12, 30 and more than 36h, at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% rations, respectively. In contrast to ammonia-N excretion, the rate of urea-N excretion per hour of the fed fish showed a major peak during the period of 6-12 or 12-24h after feeding. In Japanese flounder fed on the pelleted diet containing 7.5% of nitrogen at average ration of 0.5%, it is estimated that 32% of the consumed nitrogen was excreted as ammonia-N, about 5% as urea-N and 8% as faeces-N within 24h after feeding.
EVALUATION OF GERMINATION AND VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF MODDER (RUBIA TINCTORUM L.) UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NACL

In orther to study effects of different levels of NaCl (0, 10, 15, 20 dSm) on growth characteristicts and physiological aspects of modder (Rubia tincforum L.) two separate examinations with a completely randomized design and four replications were conducted. In the first experiment the effects of different levels of salinity (o, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, dSm) on rate and percentage of seed germination and length of seedlings were measured. Results showed that thershold level at which nearly 50% of seeds did not germinate was 10 dSm. In the other examination, salinity levels were imposed by applying solutions of NaCl in Hogland medium circulated in a sand culture closed system. Criteria such as chlorophyll meter number (SPAD readings), stomatal resistance, specific leaf weight, leaf area, stem/root length ratio were measured or calculated. Althought results showed that by increasing salinity stomatal resistance and specific leaf weight were reduced, the amount of the other characteristics were reduced.
Bandwidth measurement in POF based on general purpose equipment

We present two different methods to obtain the bandwidth of step index plastic optical fibres (SI-POF). First, bandwidth is obtained by sweeping the frequency of sinusoidal waveforms and measuring their attenuation. Second, bandwidth is calculated by estimating the step response from the fibre response to a train of pulses. For the experimental implementation of both approaches, we used conventional equipment controlled by computer through the GPIB. The maximum measurable bandwidth using our system is 1GHz for a maximum allowed fibre attenuation of 30dB.
Reliability Evaluation of Renewable Energy Integrated Power System in Presenceof Energy Storage System

Power system reliability is important for design and planning of the modern power system. This paper focuses on evaluation of power system reliability with wind energy as intermittent energy source (renewable sources) and presence of Energy storage system (ESS), supplying the power to nonchronological load by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique using software PSPICE. Earlier, reliability assessment was done using analytical techniques with certain assumptions and due to assumptions, some significance was being ignored in results. Here, this is overcome by simulation techniques which can estimate by actual process and random behavior of system in simulating software. Monte Carlo simulation is a computational algorithm which works on repetitive random number generation to estimate the performance of desired parameter by converting random number in to numerical values. ESS is used as the supporting unit of intermittent energy source integrated with power system, which stores the surplus energy due to renewable source and utilizes the stored energy at the time of increase in load demand or low generation or unit outage of any of the source. Power system Reliability has been evaluated in terms of Probability of system success from the probability of system failure. In this regard, failure probability of elements of the system has been estimated using the probability distribution histogram from MCS. By applying outage conditions on every component of the system, considering most general possible failure occurrence and Reliability in terms of probability has been estimated. For the system reliability studies, the results of simulated system from MCS approach has been obtained for reliability comparison of system without ESS and for system with ESS.
A Numerical Approach for Simulating a High-Speed Train Passing through a Tornado-Like Vortex

Tornados are one of the most common natural disasters, but their occurrence can be sudden and unpredictable. For trains operating in the areas where tornadoes frequently happen, the operation safety is challenged. Tornado generator was recently proposed as a method of numerical investigation of tornado-like vortex flows. This paper presents a numerical approach for the simulation of train passing through a tornado-like vortex on realistic scale. It is found that the tornado-like vortex causes appearance of localized regions of a negative pressure on the train and transient variations of the aerodynamic loads acting on the train. As a result, the tornado-like vortex causes swings on the lateral force, and subsequently on the rolling moment, which affect the passenger comfort and operation safety of the train. The method presented herein can be further applied to the study of train behavior and real time response while encountering tornadoes of different types and strength, which is significant for evaluating the operation safety of high-speed trains.
2 0 A ug 2 02 0 The Ising correlation C ( M , N ) for ν = − k

We present Painlevé VI sigma form equations for the general Ising low and high temperature two-point correlation functions C(M,N) with M ≤ N in the special case ν = −k where ν = sinh2Eh/kBT/ sinh 2Ev/kBT . More specifically four different non-linear ODEs depending explicitly on the two integers M and N emerge: these four non-linear ODEs correspond to distinguish respectively low and high temperature, together with M + N even or odd. These four different non-linear ODEs are also valid for M ≥ N when ν = −1/k. For the lowtemperature row correlation functions C(0, N) with N odd, we exhibit again for this selected ν = −k condition, a remarkable phenomenon of a Painlevé VI sigma function being the sum of four Painlevé VI sigma functions having the same Okamoto parameters. We show in this ν = −k case for T < Tc and also T > Tc, that C(M,N) with M ≤ N is given as an N × N Toeplitz determinant. PACS: 05.50. +q, 05.10. -a, 02.30. Hq, 02.30. Gp, 02.40. Xx AMS Classification scheme numbers: 34M55, 47E05, 81Qxx, 32G34, 34Lxx, 34Mxx, 14Kxx Key-words: Ising correlation functions, sigma form of Painlevé VI, Okamoto parameters, Toeplitz determinants.
Pesticides effect on visit and forage activities of honey bee in mustard (Brassica juncea)

The visiting of four species of honey bees viz., Apis dorsata, Apis florea, Apis cerana indica and Apis mellifera were recorded on mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson] crop. The observation on visiting of honey bees showed that the neem product Achook was found to have least repellent effect on honey bees due to their higher visits i.e. 3.05, 4.40, 4.42, 6.35 and 6.70 per three minutes per m2 area just after, 24, 48, 72 hours and 5 days of insecticides application, followed by Bioneem i.e. 2.10, 3.15, 3.71, 5.70, and 6.37 visits, respectively. The Nimbicidine also provided 1.37, 2.40, 3.10, 5.40 and 5.70 visits of honey bees per three minutes in one square meter area in comparison to rest treatments. While maximum visits were recorded in untreated plot i.e., 7.11, 7.55, 7.72, 8.33 and 8.40 visits. Achook and Bioneeem were also found better for the control of aphids (Lipaphis erysimi) as they did not affect bee visits and gave higher yield of 1927 and 1913 kg ha−1, respectively in comparison to plots treated with other pesticides.
Determinants of Earnings Management: Empirical Study from Indonesia’s Banking Companies

The aim of this study is to determine what factors make banking companies doing earnings management in Indonesia. Based on previous research, we identify some factors can make the company doing earnings management such as tax avoidance, leverage, company size and corporate governance components for example IO (Institutional Ownership), BOC (Board of commissioner), IC (independent commissioner). The research proved that the banking companies in Indonesia applies corporate governance to improve the quality of financial statement and avoid earnings management. These results also showed that tax avoidance, leverage, size company has no significant effect on earnings management.
Prospect Theory and Earnings Manipulation: Examination of Non-Uniform Relation between Earnings Manipulation and Stock Returns Using Quantile Regression

Using the prospect theory as a research framework, this paper makes contributions by demonstrating that managerial risk preference and stock return may influence a firm’s earnings manipulation behavior. Specifically, this study argues that corporate executives may develop riskaverting (risk-seeking) attitudes because of high and positive (low and negative) stock returns. Under this scenario, managers may decide to actively manage the reported earnings in order to preserve gain (gamble on loss) on stock returns. On the other hand, firm executives may not actively manipulate their reported incomes when experiencing average and close-to-zero stock returns. Using quantile regression method to examine the relation between earnings manipulation and stock returns, this study finds that there is a significantly positive (negative) relation between earnings manipulation and stock returns at the high (low) stock returns quantiles. As predicated, such relation is not significant at the middle range of stock returns. To ensure the findings reported in this study are robust, we conduct several tests. In conclusion, we offer policy implications to regulators. JEL classification: G12; G32
Building resilience in virtual and physical networked operations

As society becomes increasingly networked, both physically and virtually, so do human operations. This change exposes a unique subset of challenges and risks associated with the intersection of systems and the potential for cascading failure. Yet existing risk and resilience dependency models fail to accommodate these complexities, potentially exposing the capabilities that infrastructure systems enable to catastrophic failure. This paper builds on operational resilience (OR) theory, to develop a theoretical framework for developing resilience in physical and virtual networks, the networked OR framework. The authors argue that risk tolerance and resilience is developed through the concept of a projected tableau which is well situated in the broader network context. An overview of resilience, networks and OR is provided, with an explanation of the networked OR concept, a revised framework for developing resilience in networks and application to an emergency services network.
Neural Architecture Search for extreme multi-label classification: an evolutionary approach

Extreme multi-label classification (XMC) and Neural Architecture Search (NAS) are research topics, which have gain a lot of interest recently. While the former deals in supervised learning problems with extremely large number of labels in text and NLP domain, the latter has been mainly applied to much smaller tasks, mainly in image processing. In this study, we extend the scope of NAS to (XMC) tasks. We propose a neuro-evolution approach, that has been found most suitable for a variety of tasks. The proposed NAS method automatically finds architectures that give competitive results to the state of the art (and superior to other methods) with faster convergence. Furthermore, the weights of the architecture blocks have been analyzed to give insight on the importance of the various operations that have been selected by the method.
Augmented Reality in Nursing Education: Addressing the Limitations of Developing a Learning Material for Nurses in the Philippines and Thailand

The application of Augmented Reality (AR) in nursing education is relatively new. When used as a learning tool, AR provides new digital media that result in teaching and learning enhancement. However, there seems to be a gap in the development and use of AR tools between the learners in the developed world and those who are in the developing world. Most, if not all, of the existing AR initiatives in nursing originated from economically and financially advanced countries. There is a limited number of researches and case studies done in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) where a majority of the countries are developing. For this reason, this exploratory study aims to provide a proof of concept for budget constrained and technologically challenged implementers from developing countries such as the Philippines and Thailand. An appropriate AR tool was chosen among the reviewed authoring tools. Utilizing the selected tool, a learning material prototype on English nursing communication was developed to aid nurses in potentially improving their English competency. The prototype, a talking comic strip that consists of a clinical scenario, was wellreceived. A majority of the respondents agreed that the AR-enhanced material was better than the printed material alone and that it enhanced their learning experience. It was also found to be usable, receiving a system usability score of 68.5937, which is higher than the mean global score of 68.
SIMULATION BASED LANDING SYSTEM VERIFICATION – ABOUT THE CHALLENGES OF NON-

Introduction: One of the major milestones during the development of a landing system is the analysis and verification of the design on Earth. Prerequisite for a successful verification is a realistic representation of the touchdown conditions and the target landing site properties in a laboratory environment. Due to the fact that not all relevant properties of the target landing site can be provided in one single and complete test setup, any verification approach has to be strongly supported by adequate numerical analyses. Simulation based verification comes with additional risks. Special focus has to be set on software validation, verification and error estimation. In non-linear simulations, the superposition of minor errors in different sub models can lead to extremely large errors after assembling the different sub models to a complete system (butterfly effect). Thus, any formal error estimation, and in particular the validation of its estimation, is highly challenging without having a dedicated system test for comparison. In order to evaluate the expectable error, a dedicated test and verification approach has been defined, focusing on accurate correlation on sub model level models which can be tested under realistic conditions on Earth – and avoiding a correlation of the results on system level. The approach has been applied to several terrestrial demonstrators and the uncorrelated test prediction analyses have been compared to the system test results as a basis for the definition of an additional uncertainty factor for the later mission application. Stepwise model verification: Within the applied test and verification approach [1], the complexity and level of integration is successively increased on the side of the physical and virtual test mockup in parallel. The highest amount of tests is performed on a very low level of integration. Some of the test scenarios are for example dedicated shock absorber material tests under different environmental conditions, footpad to soil interaction tests, shock absorber assembly friction and performance tests and single leg drop tests. On each level of integration the numerical models are correlated with the results of the development tests. Once a dedicated sub model has been established and validated, the according parameters are frozen for all later level of integration, assuming that the integration into the system test has no influence on the behavior of the component itself. This approach guarantees the highest level of tractability possible. Validation by terrestrial demonstrator tests: The final level of virtual integration is the assembly of all sub models into a touchdown system simulator. This model has not been correlated. The test prediction analyses are directly compared to the results of several terrestrial demonstrators [2], which have been tested on the Landing and Mobility Test Facility (LAMA) of the DLR Institute of Space Systems in Bremen under Earth gravitational environment [3].
Structural, Magnetic And Electronic Properties Of NbN Polymorphs By Ab-Initio Study

The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of NbN are studied by abinitio method by considering the four polymorphs {B1 (rock salt), B4 (wurtzite), B81 (NiAs) and Bh (WC-type)} of NbN. The results show that structurally, B81 is more stable since it has the least total energy per formula unit volume. The enthalpies of the polymorphs in relation to pressure increases from B81<B4<Bh<B1 respectively. It is also observed that the four structures have negative enthalpies; meaning they can be produced at ambient conditions. The calculated density of states and band structures indicate that the four polymorphs are metallic, while the magnetic moment implies that the four are non-magnetic. Keywords—Polymorphs, Structural property, Electronic property, Magnetic property, Fermi level, Magnetic moment
ISLANDS AS ‘BAD GEOGRAPHY.’ INSULARITY, CONNECTEDNESS, HISTORY AND TRADE COSTS

In this paper we explore how geography can be changed by history, and how the past can condition the present. We focus the analysis on islands and on how insularity is related to high levels of trade costs. After controlling for geographical characteristics, for unobservable heterogeneity and for spatial connectedness, we show that islands that were touched by navigation routes between 1662 and 1855, especially those giving shelter to vessels that anchored their ports, show three centuries later lower trade costs with respect to similar islands that were not involved in historical navigation routes.