Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Key points model for polar region currents

[1] The equivalent ionospheric electric currents in the polar region mainly consist of the DP1 and DP2 systems. The former involves a westward electrojet around midnight, while the later involves a two-cell system with foci on the morningside and eveningside, respectively. In space weather prediction and nowcasting, sophisticated models of the polar currents are needed, but concise and convenient models are also useful to predict or nowcast the principal characteristics of the current systems, such as intensity and position. In this paper, we propose a “key points model” for outlining the basic features of the polar region current system for different disturbance levels. The “key points model” (or KP model) includes six key points of the current system: the centers of two DP2 cells, the maximum densities of the eastward and westward electrojets, and the maximum densities of the northward and southward currents. Each of six key points is described by three parameters: intensity, local time, and latitude. The AE-dependences of the 18 parameters are deduced from the equivalent current systems for every 5 min during a 2-d period (18–19 March 1978). The KP model reveals systematic variations of the current systems. When AE increases, the currents and the current densities are simultaneously enhanced linearly, and most of the key points concentrate towards midnight. In addition, when AE increases, the key points K2 and K4 for the evening current cell move equatorward, while the key points K1 and K3 for morning cell move poleward.
Experimental characterization of fog under the influence of orography and Saharan dust using droplet size spectra and stable water isotopologues in fog droplets

Clouds influence the Earth’s climate via several processes and provide the highest uncertainty when it comes to the understanding of climate change due to various feedback mechanisms. Clouds interact both with the incoming solar shortwave radiation and the outgoing terrestrial longwave radiation resulting in a net cooling effect. Clouds contribute to the atmospheric water vapor circulation via precipitation formation and are consequently part of the hydrological cycle. Cloud droplets condense on aerosols as soon as a small supersaturation is achieved, which in turn depends on temperature and moisture, thus revealing the feedback loop between clouds and climate. In this work, we performed in-situ measurements of cloud properties on mountain peaks frequently immersed in clouds. The focus of this work was twofold: On the one hand, we studied the isotopic composition of cloud water in the context of atmospheric water vapor transport and on the other hand, the influence of Saharan dust on droplet size distributions. Cloud samples for the isotopic analysis were collected in the framework of the Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia 2010 (HCCT-2010) campaign on Schmücke (50◦39’N/ 10◦46’E, 937 m a.s.l.; Germany) in September and October 2010 with a three-stage Caltech Active Strand Cloudwater Collector (CASCC) during 13 different cloud events with a temporal resolution of 1 to 3 hours. In a first step, we ensured that no additional fractionation occurred during sampling with the CASCC. The δ values of the three sizes classes of the CASCC (4μm to 16μm, 16μm to 22μm and > 22μm) did not differ significantly, revealing that the cloud droplets of different sizes quickly equilibrate their δ value with the one of the surrounding vapor. δ values in the cloud droplets varied from –77h to –15h in δH and from –12.1h to –3.9h in δO and were fitted by δH = 7.8 ·δO+13 ·10−3. δ values decreased with temperature as well as towards the end of the campaign, representing a seasonal trend which is known from δ values in precipitation. The deuterium excess of the cloud samples was generally higher than the Local Meteoric Water Line of the closest GNIP (Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation) station. Rain decreases its deuterium excess during falling through an unsaturated air column, while the cloud droplets conserve the deuterium excess of the initial evaporation and thus have been found to be a good indicator for the airmass source region: higher deuterium excess was measured for polar air masses and lower deuterium excess for Mediterranean air masses. Changes in δ values during one cloud event were up to 3.6h (δH) and 0.23h (δO), except for frontal passages, which were associated with increases of ≈6h per hour (δH) and ≈0.6h per hour (δO). Using a box model, we showed that the influence of condensation only was able to
Organic-matter maturation and petroleum generation model in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins

The enhancement of organic-matter maturation and petroleum generation by the migration and accumulation of active hydrothermal fluids in the high thermal-gradient, strongly overpressured environments in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins is systematically demonstrated by combination of geological, geochemical analysis and basin modeling. The retardation of organic-matter thermal evolution by abnormal pore-pressure is recognized, its manifestation and dynamic mechanism are illustrated, and chemical kinetic modeling of the pressure retardation is carried out. On this basis, the model of organic-matter thermal evolution and petroleum generation in high thermal-gradient, strongly overpressured environments is summarized. A correct understanding of the effects of active hydrothermal fluids and abnormal pore-fluid pressures on organic-matter thermal evolution is of great theoretical and practical significance for thermal history analysis, basin modeling and petroleum resource evaluation.
Institutional investors site visits, CSR performance, and large shareholder’s expropriation

Abstract The presence of institutional investors in a firm’s ownership structure is often associated with improved corporate governance practices and increased focus on long-term sustainable value creation. This study investigates whether the presence of institutional investors and a strong CSR performance act as deterrents to large shareholder expropriation, which refers to the misuse of controlling power by large shareholders to extract personal benefits at the expense of minority shareholders. Empirical analysis yields several key findings. First, institutional investor site visits exhibit a significant negative association with large shareholder expropriation, implying that heightened institutional investor engagement through site visits is linked to improved corporate governance and a reduced propensity for opportunistic actions by large shareholders. Second, CSR plays a mediating role, elucidating that institutional investor engagement not only directly impacts governance but also indirectly shapes large shareholder behavior through CSR. Third, institutional ownership moderates the site visits-expropriation relationship, underscoring the significance of ownership structure in governance dynamics. This study contributes to the existing literature by offering empirical evidence of how institutional investor engagement, mediated by CSR, can curtail large shareholder expropriation. These findings expand comprehension of the mechanisms through which institutional investors bolster governance and emphasize the need to consider ownership structure when analyzing governance dynamics. The implications of this study are multifaceted. Firms can enhance corporate governance by fostering engagement with institutional investors, leading to improved CSR practices and reduced risks of large shareholder expropriation. Policymakers should recognize the importance of institutional ownership and investor involvement when crafting governance regulations, as these elements strengthen governance mechanisms.
Model study of polar stratospheric clouds and their effect on stratospheric ozone

We use the detailed microphysical/chemical/dynamical two-dimensional model described in part I [De Rudder et al., this issue] to study the effect of heterogeneous reactions occurring on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) on stratospheric ozone. The calculations show that the heterogeneous reactions occurring on the surface of PSCs are the likely causes of the ozone decrease observed from 1980 to 1990 in both Antarctica and the Arctic. The calculation shows that the dense sulfate aerosol cloud produced by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo (in the Philippines, 1991) has enhanced the formation rate of type I PSCs in the Arctic and the Antarctic. In the calculation, the concentration and surface area of type I PSCs are enhanced. The effect on the ozone depletion in the Antarctic is, however, limited due to the fact that the conversion from ClONO2 to ClO on PSCs is almost “saturated” under no-volcanic conditions. For the potential ozone depletion, the enlargement in the area covered by PSCs may therefore be more important than the increase in PSC density. The calculation also shows that, in the future, the density of PSCs in the Arctic could be enhanced owing to the potential emission of water vapor and nitrogen species by high altitude aircraft. The increase in PSC density could lead to a maximum of ozone depletion of 10% at the northern high latitudes in winter.
Seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters of water body Amghass II province Ifrane Morocco.

Water quality of body water Amghass II in province Ifrane Morocco recognized for sport fishing of rainbow trout, was assessed in terms of their physicochemical parameters. The aim of this research was to study the seasonal variations of physicochemical parameters in this water bodie. Samples were collected on the monthly basis since October 2004 to September 2005, from three sites were chosen in water body. Temperature, transparency, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate, were analyzed monthly during one year using standard methods and procedures. The ranges of these factors were found to be comparable to those reported for other.The study concludes that water body has excellent water quality, high ecological status. The body water Amghass II demonstrate good water quality and can always classify the waters from the waters first class salmonid vocation. These features offer for rainbow trout a favorable ecological environment for growth.
Use of map analysis to elucidate flooding in an Australian Riparian River Red Gum Forest

Red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) forests occur on extensive floodplains along the river Murray in Australia. This type of forest is unusual because of its high quality in a semiarid area, the absence of woody species other than red gum, and its survival on a deep, intractable, swelling clay soil of depths exceeding 20 m. This soil probably acts as an aquiclude. The forests require flooding to thrive and regenerate. For many years there has been speculation that irrigation regulation of the river was reducing forest flooding. A grid cell analysis of flood maps of areas flooded over a period of 22 years showed that vegetation communities and forest site quality were statistically related to the flood frequencies of sites. The percentage of forest inundated was dependent on the peak daily flow during the period of inundation. A historical analysis of the estimated percentage of forest inundated showed a substantial influence of river regulation on both timing and extent of inundation. Estimates of historical floodings showed that the environment is one that changes rapidly from wetland to dry land. Although not without limitations, the analysis produced information not available from other sources.
Decreased risk of radiation pneumonitis with concurrent use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in thoracic radiation therapy of lung cancer

Background Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is the primary dose-limiting toxicity associated with radiotherapy. This study aimed to observe the effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in Chinese patients with lung cancer who received thoracic radiation. Methods Patients with lung cancer who received thoracic radiation at a total dose of ≥45 Gray between October 2017 and December 2022 were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively evaluated the factors influencing grade 2 or higher RP. Results A total of 320 patients were enrolled in this study; 62 patients were identified as angiotensin receptor blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor users. Additionally, 99 patients (30.9%) had grade 2 or higher RP, and the incidence in the renin-angiotensin system inhibitor group was 17.7% (11 out of 62 patients). Patients in the renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) group were older and had a higher percentage of males, lower percentage of ECOG score 0, higher percentage of hypertension, and higher percentage of adenocarcinoma than those in the non-RASi group. ECOG score [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.69, p = 0.009], history of smoking (HR = 1.76, p = 0.049), mean dose (HR = 3.63, p = 0.01), and RASi (HR = 0.3, p = 0.003) were independent predictive factors for RP. All subgroups benefited from RASi. Conclusion This study showed that oral RASi administration has the potential to mitigate the incidence of grade 2 or higher RP in patients with lung cancer undergoing thoracic radiotherapy. To validate and further substantiate these findings, additional prospective research is warranted.
A Comparative Study of Hemorrhagic Conversion Patterns After Stroke Thrombolysis With Alteplase Versus Tenecteplase

Background and purpose: Tenecteplase is the thrombolytic drug of choice for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) as it has unique pharmacologic properties, along with results demonstrating its non-inferiority compared to alteplase. However, there are contradictory data concerning the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. The purpose of the study was to report the rate and patterns of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in AIS patients after thrombolysis with tenecteplase compared to alteplase. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study with data collected 90 days before and after the change from alteplase to tenecteplase from 15 Texas stroke centers. The primary endpoint is the incidence of sICH according to the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST) and European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study III (ECASS-3) criteria. The secondary endpoints are the radiographic pattern of hemorrhagic conversion according to the Heidelberg bleeding classification (HBC). Results: A total of 431 patients were eligible for thrombolytic therapy. Half of the cohort received alteplase (n=216), and the other half received tenecteplase (n=215). The average age of the alteplase group was 62.94 years old (SD=15.12) and 64.45 years old (SD=14.51) for the tenecteplase group. Seven patients in the alteplase group (3.2%) and 14 (6.5%) in the tenecteplase group had sICH, with an odds ratio of 1.44 (95% CI 0.60-3.43; P=0.41). An increased National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on arrival (1.06; 95% CI 1.0004-1.131; P=0.04) was a statistically significant predictor of sICH. Tenecteplase was associated with a statistically significant increase in HBC-3 (P=0.040) over alteplase. Conclusions: Compared with alteplase, our study revealed a higher rate of sICH with tenecteplase that was not statistically significant and a higher rate of HBC-3 hemorrhages that was statistically significant. The proposed mechanism of bleeding is hemorrhagic conversion in clinically silent infarcts and contusions underlying the lesions. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and determine predictive risk factors.
Claude Barlow: A History of Self-Experimentation

ABSTRACT: Medical research has a long history of investigators who used themselves as experimental subjects in their efforts to solve infectious disease mysteries. These intrepid investigators voluntarily exposed themselves to infectious agents for reasons of expediency as well as ethics and watched themselves while disease developed. The risks of this research could be great. Claude H. Barlow, a missionary surgeon and parasitologist of the early 20th century, used this experimental technique on many occasions during a long career in helminthology. The author, a retired pediatric gastroenterologist and Dr. Barlow's granddaughter, presents a modern look at his research and results.
An Experimental Field Trial Investigating the Use of Bacteriophage and Manure Slurry Applications in Beef Cattle Feedlot Pens for Salmonella Mitigation

Simple Summary Most post-harvest interventions for addressing Salmonella in beef products are applied directly to the carcass surface and are ineffective at reducing or eliminating Salmonella that are harbored in cattle lymph nodes. Bacteriophages are viruses that are ubiquitous in the environment, including agricultural facilities, that only infect and destroy bacterial cells. The objectives of this experiment were to determine whether natural bacteriophage populations contained in manure slurry or laboratory-curated bacteriophage cocktails could reduce Salmonella prevalence on feedlot pen surfaces and on cattle hides and subsequently in cattle lymph nodes. Applications of manure slurry and bacteriophage cocktail treatments reduced the prevalence of Salmonella on cattle hides which may contribute to lymph node contamination. Lymph nodes may become incorporated into ground beef products, which can contribute to beef-related foodborne illness, and therefore, these treatments have the potential to address food safety concerns. Abstract Post-harvest Salmonella mitigation techniques are insufficient at addressing Salmonella harbored in cattle lymph nodes, necessitating the exploration of pre-harvest alternatives that reduce Salmonella prior to dissemination to the lymph nodes. A 2 × 2, unbalanced experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of pre-harvest treatments applied to the pen surface for Salmonella mitigation in cattle. Treatments included manure slurry intended to mimic pen run-off water (n = 4 pens), a bacteriophage cocktail (n = 4), a combination of both treatments (n = 5), and a control group (n = 5) that received no treatment. Environment samples from 18 feedlot pens and fecal grabs, hide swabs, and subiliac lymph nodes from 178 cattle were collected and selectively enriched for Salmonella, and Salmonella isolates were sequenced. The combination treatment was most effective at reducing Salmonella, and the prevalence was significantly lower compared with the control group for rump swabs on Days 14 and 21. The treatment impact on Salmonella in the lymph nodes could not be determined due to low prevalence. The reduction on cattle hides suggests that bacteriophage or water treatments applied to the feedlot pen surface may reduce Salmonella populations in cattle during the pre-harvest period, resulting in reduced contamination during slaughter and processing.
The transformative cognition of English as a Foreign Language student teachers’ personal practical knowledge

This study investigates the process by which English as a Foreign Language (EFL) student teachers transmute their Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) into Personal Practical Knowledge (PPK) within a blended learning community. Data sources, including conversation transcripts, reflective journals, and field notes, were meticulously examined utilizing the commonplaces of temporality, sociality, and place. Several key findings were unveiled: (1) the volume and focal points of transformed PPK varied across participants; (2) the metamorphosis of PCK into PPK was found to be selectively partial, filtered by factors such as previous learning experiences, course expectations, and levels of engagement; and (3) the selection process was molded within the dynamic interplay of the internal components of the blended learning community and the external socio-cultural conditions. The study concludes that the cognition mechanism of EFL student teachers’ PPK is characterized by elements of variation, selection, and dynamism.
Intestinal Microbiome in Dogs with Chronic Hepatobiliary Disease: Can We Talk about the Gut–Liver Axis?

Simple Summary The interaction between gut and liver is currently considered for the management of humans with chronic hepatobiliary disease (CHD). The gut microbiota (GM) is considered to strongly mediate this crosstalk. The present study aimed to evaluate the GM in dogs diagnosed with CHD. Comparison among CHD dogs were made with respect to some clinical and biochemical variables. Sixty-five dogs were prospectively enrolled. Clinical and hematobiochemical evaluation together with GM sequencing was performed. Several GM modifications were observed, with cholestasis apparently associated with deeper GM alteration. For the management of dogs with CHD and especially cholestatic CHD, clinicians should be aware that gut–liver interaction may lead to dysbiosis. Abstract The gut–liver axis represents a current topic in human medicine. Extensive research investigates the gut microbiome (GM) modifications in relation to various kinds of chronic hepatobiliary diseases (CHD), with many mechanisms and therapeutical implications recognized. Those aspects in veterinary medicine are still quite unexplored. The aim of the present study was to evaluate GM in dogs diagnosed with CD. Comparison among CHD dogs were made considering some clinical and biochemical variables (lipemia and alanine–aminotransferase activities), presence of cholestasis or endocrine disorders, diet). Sixty-five dogs were prospectively enrolled with clinical and hematobiochemical evaluation and 16S-RNA GM sequencing assessed. Dogs that received antibiotics and/or pre/pro/symbiotics administration were excluded. Deeper GM alteration was observed between dogs with or without ultrasonographic and biochemical cholestatic CHD. Cholestasis was associated with a decrease in several bacterial taxa, including Clostridium hiranonis, Fusobacterium, Megamonas, Ruminococcus faecis, Turicibacter, and higher levels of Escherichia/Shigella and Serratia. Thus, the alteration in bile flow and composition, typical of cholestasis, may directly affect the local intestinal microbial environment. For the management of dogs with CHD and especially cholestatic CHD, clinicians should be aware that gut–liver interaction may lead to dysbiosis.
Major ions in Spitsbergen snow samples

Chemical analysis of Spitsbergen snow cores sampled in spring 1983, reveals a spatial pattern consistent with orographic deposition of major anthropogenic pollutants with air movements from southeast towards northwest. The highest concentrations of pollutant species were found at an altitude of 700 metres above sea level, and are higher than for any other recorded snow samples from the Arctic.