Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genotype x enviroment interaction effects on native cassava starch quality and potential for starch use in the commercial sector

Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the second most important staple food crop in sub-Saharan Africa, providing upto 285 calories per person per day. Cassava starch is a potentially important industrial material in Malawi. Industries hesitate to use cassava starch because the powder sold by some suppliers has been grossly inadequate. This study was conducted to evaluate native cassava starch qualities for different Malawi cassava genotypes, determine the appropriate stability parameter to deal with GxE for starch quality traits, and potential for use of cassava starch by the main industries in Malawi. Trials were conducted in Malawi to examine starch quality parameters, root dry mater and starch extraction. Based on the results, the moisture and ash content were much lower than the recommended allowable maximum. The pH for cassava starch was within the recommended range. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) were strongly correlated with other stability parameters such as Wi-ecovalence and stability variance–no covariate. From the results, genotype has a greater influence on root dry matter than the environment. Native cassava starch can be used in the pharmaceutical, battery and packaging material making and textile industries in Malawi. Key Words: Ash, Malawi, Manihot esculenta, sub-Saharan Africa RESUME Le manioc ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) est la deuxieme plus importante plante d'aliment de base en Afrique sub-Saharienne, pourvoyant jusqu\'a 285 calories par personne par jour. L'amidon de manioc est un produit industriel potentiellement important en Malawi. Les industries hesitent d'utiliser l'amidon de manioc parce que la poudre vendue par certains fournisseurs a ete grossierement inadequate. Cette etude etait conduite pour evaluer les qualites d'amidon de manioc autochtone pour les differents genotypes de manioc de Malawi, determiner le parametre approprie de stabilite de GXE a traiter pour les traits de qualite d'amidon, et le potentiel d'usage d'amidon de manioc par les principales industries en Malawi. Les essais etaient conduits en Malawi pour examiner les parametres de qualite de l'amidon, la matiere seche de racine et l'extraction d'amidon. Base sur les resultats, les genotypes de manioc ont produit l'amidon mais pas de proteine. Les teneurs d'humidite et de cendre etaient tres basses que le maximum admissible recommande. Le pH d'amidon de manioc etait dans l'intervalle recommande. Les principaux effets additifs et multiplicatifs d'interaction etaient fortement correles avec les autres parametres de stabilite tels que Wi-ecovalence et variance- no covariante de stabilite. A partir des resultats, le genotype a une grande influence sur la matiere seche de racine que l'environnement. L'amidon de manioc autochtone peut etre utilise dans les industries pharmaceutiques, de batterie, dans les fabriques de materiel d'emballage et industries textiles en Malawi. Mots cles : Cendre, Malawi, Manihot esculenta, Afrique sub-Saharienne African Crop Science Journal Vol.12(3) 2004: 205-216
Cancer stem cell-related marker NANOG expression in ovarian serous tumors using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry: comparison of two techniques

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and CSC markers are attractive in terms of cancer research, offering new perspective on ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment. NANOG protein is a transcription factor which, along with transcription factors OCT4 and SOX2, plays an important role in pluripotency and self-renewal maintenance in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells [1-4]. NANOG is not only a stem cell marker, but also the activator of tumorigenic pathways and MDR gene expression, and tumor growth [5]. NANOG expression was detected in germ cell tumors and other tumors, including ovarian cancer [6-9]. Conversely, NANOG was not expressed in relation to normal mature organization [3]. Epithelial ovarian carcinoma studies report that NANOG expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC), might be associated with high-grade tumors, advanced clinical stage and poor prognoses [9-11]. Study groups in these publications were heterogeneous in terms of histological type, tumor grading system and stage of disease, which made comparison difficult and provided results of limited value. In the authors’ previous research [12] they analyzed NANOG expression in ovarian serous tumors using IHC and for the homogenous group of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) correlated it with clinical parameters. They demonstrated that CSC-related marker NANOG expression detected by IHC is significantly associated with high grade morphology, but not with clinical parameters. In the present study the authors evaluated NANOG expression within ovarian serous tumors not only by IHC but also by means of Western blotting (WB). WB is a technique widely used in molecular biology to detect specific pro-
Effect of Toxin Binder on Productive Performance of Lactating Friesian Cows

Twenty Friesian cows with an average weight of 540  17.59 kg and running on 2nd to 5th lactating season were used at 60 days before calving and continued up to 120 days of lactation feeding trial to study the effect of toxin binder (bentonite and zeolite) on Productive Performance of Lactating Cows. Cows were randomly divided into four similar groups (n = 3). All cows were received basal rations (BR) that consists of concentrate feed mixture (CFM), corn silage (CS) and rice straw (RS). Group 1 received (BR) without supplement and served as control rations, whereas groups G2, G3 and G4 received control diet plus 2% Bentonite, 1% Bentonite plus 1% Zeolite or 2% Zeolite of DM intake as tested rations, respectively. Results showed that, supplemented groups were significant (P˂0.05) higher intake of total DM, TDN and DCP than unsuplemented group. Also on the same trend, the concentrations of pH and TVFA's were increased significantly (P˂0.05), while ammonia-N decreased significantly (P˂0.05) in supplemented groups compared to G1. Group 2 recorded significantly (P˂0.05) the highest concentrations of total protein, globulin, glucose and T3 and followed by G3 and G4, while G1 had the lowest values. While, albumin concentration decreased significantly (P˂0.05) with bentonite and zeolite additives. While, the concentrations of creatinine, urea, total lipid and Ca as well as the activity of AST and ALT were nearly similar for the different groups. Yield of actual milk and 4% FCM were significantly (P˂0.05) higher in G2 than those of G4 and G1, And no significant higher than G3 ration: G2 showed significantly (P˂0.05) the highest contents of fat, protein, lactose, SNF and TS, while G1 had the lowest values. Ash content in milk was nearly similar for the different groups. Bentonite and zeolite supplementation improved feed conversion, and G2 recorded the best one. The difference were only significant between bentonite ration (G2) and the control one (G1). Group2 recorded the highest daily feed cost, output of 4% FCM yield, net revenue and economic efficiency followed by G3 and G4, while G1 had the lowest feed cost, net revenue and economic efficiency, while feed cost per one kg 4% FCM was lower significantly (P˂0.05) with G2 followed by G3 and G4, while G1 had the highest value. In conclusion, bentonite supplement for lactating Friesian cows at the level of 2% of DM intake as toxin binder had the best positive effect on digestibility, rumen fermentation, some blood parameters, feed intake, milk yield and composition, feed conversion and economic efficiency, comparison with other supplemented rations and the control one (unsupplemented).
Anthelmintic Resistance in Equine Nematodes – A Review on the Current Situation, with Emphasis in Europe

Since the introduction of the last equine broad-spectrum anthelmintic group in the 1980’s, the investment in new drugs to control horse’s parasites did not result in new advancements. These drugs allowed a very effective and extensive control of equine nematodes through successful interval dosing programs, firstly introduced in the 1960’s. However, the widespread and indiscriminate use of anthelmintics in these intensive treatments have led to increasing resistance in the major equine nematodes. Reports of reduced effectiveness are virtually worldwide and repercussions in livestock production farms have already been seen. Based on recent questionnaires about horse farm practices, preventive measures and international recommendations, it is clear that most of them are still not being widely implemented. It is also clear that these recommendations are outdated and new approaches must be considered to correctly tackle this rapidly evolving issue in horse management, as more accurate diagnostic methods are currently available, such as Mini-FLOTAC. This article intends to do a general review of the history and current situation of anthelmintic resistance in horses, with emphasis in Europe, as well as, how to diagnose and delay or even prevent its further development, mentioning new methods of diagnostic and directions in which to develop research.
Characteristic of Shallow Subsurface Quaternary Sediment in Nongsa Isle, Part of Putri Islands, Batam, Based on Georadar Data Interpretation

Nongsa Isle belongs to Putri Islands in Batam, is the outermost island that need to be protected either from natural hazards and anthropogenic factor. Therefore, this study was conducted by performing Ground Penetrating Radar analysis, in order to understand the geological condition particularly sedimentology and its process. We used Sirveyor 20 GPR equipment type with MLF antenna frequency 40 Mhz and Radan 5 as processing software, which include time zero correction, spatial filter, deconvolution, migration and adjustment of amplitude and signal gain. Data interpretation was conducted based on radar facies methodology that describes georadar image/radargram. The study result showed differences of sedimentary facies based on three differences of radar facies units, with the first layer (unit 1) is the youngest unit has thicknesses ranging from 3.5 – 5 m that characterized by parallel, strong reflector, high amplitude and continuous reflector configurations, unit 2 from 5 – 11 meter of depth, indicates parallel reflector pattern with medium-high amplitude and continuous, and unit 3 which is the oldest unit with thickness until penetration limit (11 – 20 m), characterized by a configuration of sub parallel – hummocky reflectors that are undulating, low-medium amplitude reflectors. Based on radar facies characteristics such as reflector configuration, reflection amplitude, and reflection continuity, the differencies of depositional facies are changes from fluvial – coastal plain.
Regeneration and fusion of mycelial protoplasts of Tricholoma matsutake.

Liquid medium (LM) for the culture contained (per liter) glucose (20g), yeast extract (1.5g) and Bacto-Soytone (Difco Laboratories; 1.5g). The same mediumsupplemented with 0.6m mannitol2) was used as regeneration medium (RM). Both media were adjusted to pH 5.0 before autoclaving. All the cultures in this study were performed at 23°C. Twenty ml of LMin an Erlenmeyer flask (100ml) was inoculated with 1.0ml of a mycelial suspension of a culture grown in LM homogenized with a homogenizer (Nippon Seiki Co.) at 12,000 rpm for 15sec, and incubated for 15 ~25 days without shaking. The cultured mycelium was harvested by filtration and washed several times with sterile water. About 2.0g of the damp mycelium was incubated in 15ml of 0.05m maleic acid-NaOH buffer (pH 5.6) containing 0.6m MgSO47H2O, 0.5% cellulase Onozuka R-10 (Kinki
Actions of Insecticidal Spinosyns on γ-Aminobutyric Acid Responses from Small-Diameter Cockroach Neurons

Abstract The actions of spinosyns on insect γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor function were assessed with small-diameter neurons from the central nervous system of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. In the absence of adenine nucleotides, neuronal responses to repeated applications of GABA diminished to zero within a matter of minutes. This effect is commonly referred to as rundown and, for these neurons, has previously been shown to be due to the absence of internal adenine nucleotides. Application of insecticidal spinosyns prior to the first application of GABA significantly accelerated the rundown of GABA responses, while noninsecticidal spinosyns had no effect on the rate of GABA response rundown. When GABA response rundown was blocked by the inclusion of adenosine 5′ triphosphate in the recording electrode, spinosyn A, the primary constituent of the novel insecticide spinosad, was found to elicit an irreversible current at concentrations above 1 nM. The electrical and pharmacological properties of this current suggest that it is carried by Cl− ions. Concurrent with the onset of this current, GABA responses were decreased and ultimately diminished to zero. In summary, insecticidal spinosyns have potent effects on the function of the GABA receptors of small-diameter cockroach neurons and can elicit a small-amplitude Cl− current. These findings may have implications toward the insecticidal mechanism of action of spinosyns.
A systematic revision of the plantbug genus Kirkaldyella Poppius (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae: Austromirini)

The genus Kirkaldyella is revised and thirteen species are described, twelve of which are new: K. adunca, K. anasillosi, K. argoantyx, K. boweri, K. carotarhani, K. mcalpinei, K. mcmillani, K. ngarkati, K. notaurantia, K. ortholata, K. pilosa and K. schuhi. The type species, K. rugosa Poppius is redescribed and illustrated. The biology and host associations of the species are discussed. A cladistic analysis of the species is given with all the relationships fully resolved, aside from the most terminal clade (K. notaurantia + K. schuhi + K. rugosa). The analysis is based primarily on characters of the male genitalia.
Capacidade de troca de catíons em solos: estudo comparativo de alguns métodos

The employment of several methods in the determination of cation exchange capacity of soils is discussed. The methods utilized were the direct ammonium acetate method and two indirect methods, in which the exchangeable bases were added to the exchange acidity extracted from soils, respectively with neutral calcium acetate and barium chloride buffered at pH 8.2 with triethanolamine. Though different results were obtained, excellent relationships were found between the calcium acetate method and the procedures with ammonium acetate and barium chloride, as well as two simplifications of the calcium acetate method.
Effects of Penicillium extracts on germination vigour in subsequent seedling growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Penicillium spp. are well known to produce a variety of beneficial metabolites for plant growth and survival, as well as they defend their hosts from attack of certain pathogens. In this study, effects of culture filtrate of different Penicillium spp. were tested on tomato seeds. On the whole, presoaking of seeds in the filtrates of the nine Penicillium isolates tested significantly increased seed germination when compared with the control seeds. Cultural extracts of P. expansum and P. bilaii were highly effective in growth promotion up to 90%. It was also observed that P. implicatum and P. oxalicum significantly enhanced the root growth in tomato seedling as compared to other species. In case of shoot length, P. verrucosum (3.38 cm), P. granulatum (2.81 cm) and P. implicatum (2.62 cm) were effective. P. implicatum was quite promising in increasing shoot and root length in tomato seedlings, while P. simplicissimum and P. citrinum were less effective on seedling growth. The plant growth-promoting ability of Penicillium strains may help in growth promotion in other plants and crops. Penicillium spp. are already known for producing various mycotoxins and enzymes. Plant growth-promoting ability of Penicillium spp. will open new aspects of research and investigations. The role of Penicillium spp. in tomato plant growth requires further exploration.
The diversity of fauna in mangrove community: Success replanting of mangroves species in South Coastal East Lombok, Indonesia

Mangrove is a plant species that grow in a unique environment and serve as breeding, spawning, hatching, and nursery grounds for many marine species. However, the damage of mangrove has a negative impact on the diversity of fauna associated. This study aims to prove and evaluate mangrove replanting of fauna diversity on the South Coast of East Lombok and the geographical position of 116 ° 27 “0”´ 116 ° 30´´´ LU and - 8 ° 48´0´´-8 ° 51´0´. Data collection were done through observation, surveys and quadrant methods. The data were further analyzed to detemine Diversity Index (H‵) and Dominance Index (D). The results of the analysis show that in the first cluster with the highest index of fauna diversity of 1.726, the highest value of the index of distribution is in the second cluster of 3.207 and the highest value for the dominance index is in the second cluster of 0.356. The conclusion of this study is that mangrove planting has been successful in increasing the diversity of fauna associated with mangroves on the south coast of East Lombok. Therefore, efforts to maintain the results of mangrove revegetation are a very important part of mangrove conservation.
Effects of Germination on the Proximate Composition and Nutritional Quality of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) Seeds

Winged beans were germinated using the between paper technique. The nonprotein nitrogen was found to increase gradually and the protein nitrogen content to decrease. A slight decrease in the lipid content was also observed. Trypsin inhibitor activity was uneffected by germination. However, lipoxygenase activity was found to decrease; 77% of the original activity was lost after 120 hr. These changes are compared to the changes in proximate composition of other legumes during germination. Following a decrease in the amino acid composition of the seeds after 48 hr of germination, significant increases in the concentrations of cysteine, aspartic acid, and histidine were found after 72 hr incubation.
Oviposition preference and neonate performance of Mnesampela privata in relation to heterophylly in Eucalyptus dunnii and E. globulus

Abstract 1 The autumn gum moth, Mnesampela privata, is an endemic Australian geometrid that utilizes a number of species within the genus Eucalyptus as hosts. Based on field observations, the moth is thought to be leaf‐type specific for juvenile as opposed to adult eucalypt foliage. 2 Laboratory binary choice assays of the oviposition preference of host novice M. privata confirmed that eggs were more likely to be laid upon juvenile rather than adult foliage of Eucalyptus dunnii and two subspecies of E. globulus. This oviposition preference was not influenced by differences in leaf size or adherence to leaves by ovipositing moths. The high specific leaf weights common to adult leaves were associated with reduced oviposition. 3 Although neonates fed on both juvenile and adult leaves of most of the trees studied, performance was greater on juvenile as opposed to adult foliage. Juvenile leaves typically had lower specific leaf weights and were nutritionally superior to their adult counterparts. Specific leaf weights above 0.236 mg/mm2 (associated with low water, i.e. = 56.5%, and nitrogen, i.e. = 1.23%, contents) were associated with reduced larval performance. Younger adult leaves, those with lower specific leaf weights, allowed slightly greater larval consumption. 4 When ovipositing, this eucalypt‐specific moth discriminates between leaf types of its heterophyllous hosts in favour of types with the lowest specific leaf weight. Less tough leaf types, which are also higher in nitrogen, enable neonates to attain larger body weights.
The effect of a thieno[2,3- b ]pyridine PLC-γ inhibitor on the proliferation, morphology, migration and cell cycle of breast cancer cells

3-Amino-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinoline-2-carboxamide (compound 1) is a putative phosphoinositide specific-phospholipase C-γ (PLC-γ) enzyme inhibitor. This enzyme is a plausible anticancer target linked to cell motility, important for the invasion and dissemination of tumour cells. In this work it is shown that IC50 values of compound 1 are in the low nanomolar range against a host of breast cancer cell lines as a consequence of anti-proliferative activity. These results correlate well with previously published results (Feng et al., Eur. Med. Chem., 54, 2012, 463–469) on tumour cell viability confirming the efficacy of compound 1. Flow cytometry experiments revealed that compound 1 arrests the cell cycle in the G2/M phases. Furthermore, the morphology and cell migration for the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line are severely affected by administration of compound 1, which fits the hypothesis of PLC-γ inhibition. Finally, a detailed docking study against PLC reveals that the side chains of the amino acids His356, Glu341, Arg549 and Lys438 are involved in hydrogen bonding with ligand 1 as well as a lipophilic pocket is occupied by the phenyl moiety. The results presented in this study are particularly interesting because compound 1 affects triple-negative breast cancer cells, which are difficult to treat in the clinic and are in a dire need for an effective targeted therapy. We believe that compound 1 and its thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives demonstrate that such a therapy can be developed.
ANTI AND PROOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF WATER SOLUBLE COMPONENTS OF SOME COMMON DIET VEGETABLES AND THE EFFECT OF THERMAL TREATMENT

The pro-antioxidant activity of carrot, cauliflower, celery, eggplant, garlic, mushroom, onion, white cabbage, white potato, tomato, yellow bell pepper, and zucchini was investigated. Juices obtained by centrifugation of vegetables were treated at different temperatures (2, 25, 102 °C) and assessed for antioxidant activity (AA) using a model system β-carotene−linoleic acid. Antioxidant activity of all vegetable juices showed a linear correlation with time. The equations of all straight lines obtained showed positive slope values indicating either an increase in antioxidant activity or a decrease in prooxidant activity during the reaction. Negative intercept values were found when the juices showed prooxidant activity at least during the first phase of the reaction. Mushroom and white cabbage always showed more than 80% AA, while cauliflower, celery, and eggplant showed such high AA only after boiling. Tomato and yellow bell pepper were always prooxidant. Cluster analysis allowed the vegetables to be divid.