Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Twenty years of pediatric diabetes surveillance: what do we know and why it matters

SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) was initiated in 2000 as a multicenter study to address major gaps in the understanding of childhood diabetes in the United States. An active registry of youth diagnosed with diabetes at age <20 years since 2002 assessed prevalence, annual incidence, and trends by age, race/ethnicity, sex, and diabetes type. An observational cohort nested within the population‐based registry was established to assess the natural history and risk factors for acute and chronic diabetes‐related complications, as well as the quality of care and quality of life of children and adolescents with diabetes from diagnosis into young adulthood. SEARCH findings have contributed to a better understanding of the complex and heterogeneous nature of youth‐onset diabetes. Continued surveillance of the burden and risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is important to track and monitor incidence and prevalence within the population. SEARCH reported evidence of early diabetes complications highlighting that continuing the long‐term follow‐up of youth with diabetes is necessary to further our understanding of its natural history and to develop the most appropriate approaches to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of diabetes and its complications. This review summarizes two decades of research and suggests avenues for further work.
Demographic Characteristics of Persons Vaccinated During the First Month of the COVID-19 Vaccination Program — United States, December 14, 2020–January 14, 2021

In December 2020, two COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) were authorized for emergency use in the United States for the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). * Because of limited initial vaccine supply, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) prioritized vaccination of health care personnel† and residents and staff members of long-term care facilities (LTCF) during the first phase of the U.S. COVID-19 vaccination program (1). Both vaccines require 2 doses to complete the series. Data on vaccines administered during December 14, 2020-January 14, 2021, and reported to CDC by January 26, 2021, were analyzed to describe demographic characteristics, including sex, age, and race/ethnicity, of persons who received ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine (i.e., initiated vaccination). During this period, 12,928,749 persons in the United States in 64 jurisdictions and five federal entities§ initiated COVID-19 vaccination. Data on sex were reported for 97.0%, age for 99.9%, and race/ethnicity for 51.9% of vaccine recipients. Among persons who received the first vaccine dose and had reported demographic data, 63.0% were women, 55.0% were aged ≥50 years, and 60.4% were non-Hispanic White (White). More complete reporting of race and ethnicity data at the provider and jurisdictional levels is critical to ensure rapid detection of and response to potential disparities in COVID-19 vaccination. As the U.S. COVID-19 vaccination program expands, public health officials should ensure that vaccine is administered efficiently and equitably within each successive vaccination priority category, especially among those at highest risk for infection and severe adverse health outcomes, many of whom are non-Hispanic Black (Black), non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN), and Hispanic persons (2,3).
PDE3-inhibitor enoximone prevented mechanical ventilation in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia

Abstract Background Standard care in severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia complicated by severe dyspnea and respiratory failure, consists of symptom reduction, ultimately supported by mechanical ventilation. Patients with severe SARS-CoV-2, a prominent feature of COVID-19, show several similar symptoms to Critical Asthma Syndrome (CAS) patients, such as pulmonary edema, mucus plugging of distal airways, decreased tissue oxygenation, (emergent) exhaustion due to severe dyspnea and respiratory failure. Prior application of elective phosphodiesterase (PDE)3-inhibitors milrinone and enoximone in patients with CAS yielded rapid symptomatic relief and reverted the need for mechanical ventilation, due to their bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory properties. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that enoximone may be beneficial in the treatment of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and prominent CAS-features. Methods In this case report enoximone was administered to four consecutive patients (1 M; 3 F; 46–70 y) with emergent respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Clinical outcome was compared with three controls who received standard care only. Results After an intravenous bolus of enoximone 20 mg followed by 10 mg/h via perfusor, a rapid symptomatic relief was observed: two out of four patients recovered within a few hours, the other two (with comorbid COPD GOLD II/III) responded within 24–36 h. Compared to the controls, in the enoximone-treated patients respiratory failure and further COVID-19-related deterioration was reverted and mechanical ventilation was prevented, leading to reduced hospital/ICU time. Discussion Our preliminary observations suggest that early intervention with the selective PDE3-inhibitor enoximone may help to revert respiratory failure as well as avert mechanical ventilation, and reduces ICU/hospital time in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Our findings warrant further research on the therapeutic potential of PDE3-inhibition, alone or in combination with other anti-COVID-19 strategies.
Organic layer-coated metal nanoparticles prepared by a combined arc evaporation/condensation and plasma polymerization process

A process for the synthesis of organic layer-coated metal nanoparticles is presented. Metal nanoparticles are synthesized by the low-pressure pulsed arc evaporation of a metal cathode surface, followed by the in-flight deposition of a thin organic layer by capacitively coupled radio-frequency plasma polymerization from a gaseous hydrocarbon monomer. The stability of the pulsed arc system and the cathode erosion rate are discussed. The effects of operating conditions such as power, reactor pressure and inert gas flow rate on the average size of produced bare copper nanoparticles and the properties of the organic coating are studied. A ‘characteristic map’ for the in-flight plasma polymerization from the C2H6 monomer of the organic layer onto the Cu nanoparticles is developed. The produced copper nanoparticles are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The FE-SEM and TEM images reveal coated copper nanoparticles with the diameter of the metal core ranging from a few to 50 nm and the thickness of the organic layer ranging from 3 to 10 nm. The XPS results show that the plasma polymer film is chemically adsorbed onto the surface of the copper nanoparticle.
MORAL FOUNDATIONS, MORAL IDENTITY, AND MORAL BEHAVIOUR. A CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON.

Moral foundations theory (Graham et al., 2009) suggests that moral norms can be classified into five foundations: Care, Justice, Loyalty, Authority, and Purity. While these five moral foundations have been found for people’s moral judgments, it is not clear whether they would also hold for actual moral behavior. We investigated in two experiments whether foundation-related moral behavior and deception was affected by moral judgment and moral identity in a cross-cultural context comparing adults from the UK and Saudi Arabia. In the first study, no cross-cultural differences were found between the two samples concerning moral judgment and behaviour in the care and justice foundations. Furthermore, no cultural differences were found between the two samples concerning moral behaviour in the five foundations. In the second study, deception was not correlated significantly with the five foundations and moral sensitivity across both cultural samples. However, culture moderated the relationship between deception and moral judgment in harm and authority moral foundations. Findings show that moral identity mediated the relationship between moral judgment and costly moral behaviour. However, deception was not affected by moral sensitivity or moral judgment at all. The different pattern of results could be attributed to the conceptualization of moral duties.
Cannabis Yield, Potency, and Leaf Photosynthesis Respond Differently to Increasing Light Levels in an Indoor Environment

Since the recent legalization of medical and recreational use of cannabis (Cannabis sativa) in many regions worldwide, there has been high demand for research to improve yield and quality. With the paucity of scientific literature on the topic, this study investigated the relationships between light intensity (LI) and photosynthesis, inflorescence yield, and inflorescence quality of cannabis grown in an indoor environment. After growing vegetatively for 2 weeks under a canopy-level photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of ≈425 μmol·m−2·s−1 and an 18-h light/6-h dark photoperiod, plants were grown for 12 weeks in a 12-h light/12-h dark “flowering” photoperiod under canopy-level PPFDs ranging from 120 to 1,800 μmol·m−2·s−1 provided by light emitting diodes. Leaf light response curves varied both with localized (i.e., leaf-level) PPFD and temporally, throughout the flowering cycle. Therefore, it was concluded that the leaf light response is not a reliable predictor of whole-plant responses to LI, particularly crop yield. This may be especially evident given that dry inflorescence yield increased linearly with increasing canopy-level PPFD up to 1,800 μmol·m−2·s−1, while leaf-level photosynthesis saturated well-below 1,800 μmol·m−2·s−1. The density of the apical inflorescence and harvest index also increased linearly with increasing LI, resulting in higher-quality marketable tissues and less superfluous tissue to dispose of. There were no LI treatment effects on cannabinoid potency, while there were minor LI treatment effects on terpene potency. Commercial cannabis growers can use these light response models to determine the optimum LI for their production environment to achieve the best economic return; balancing input costs with the commercial value of their cannabis products.
Understanding the dynamics of inequity in collective bargaining: evidence from Australia, Canada, Denmark and France

Unions and collective bargaining are generally considered to be the main vehicles for ensuring equity at work. This article questions this assertion by examining distinct forms of inequity between workers in unionised workplaces and, more specifically, the role of collective bargaining in creating, maintaining, reducing or avoiding them. Based on a study conducted in Australia, Canada (Québec), Denmark and France, the situations of inequity examined are related to employment and working conditions, and favour one group of workers over another group of workers performing the same tasks in the same workplace. To better apprehend these dynamics and distinguish between different situations, we develop an analytical framework to capture them. Then, we focus on one example observable in each country: two examples of inequity based on date of hiring (Canada and Australia) and two based on employment status (France and Denmark), showing how the four ideal-type processes interact in each national context. Based on an analysis of these examples, we demonstrate the segmentation between core and non-core employees, along the lines of segmentation theory, but also within groups of insiders or core employees and the key factors that explain how the collective bargaining process can lead to inequity: time, balance of power, and workplace institutions.
Isothermal compressibility and partial molal volume for polyatomic liquids

For dense polyatomic liquids (ρ > 2ρc), the anisotropic part of the intermolecular forces has remarkably little influence on the isothermal compressibility or on the partial molal volume for the case of mixtures; this is also the case for dilute gases at high reduced temperatures. Such behavior is shown to be predicted by a perturbation treatment in which these properties for the polyatomic fluid are expanded about the corresponding values for a fluid with isotropic intermolecular forces. For dense liquids (or dilute, high temperature gases), the perturbation terms in such series usually become negligible compared to the zeroth order term. This leads to corresponding states relationships for these properties, which have the same functional form as for fluids composed of simple isotropic molecules, such as argon. This prediction is confirmed by a comparison of isothermal compressibilities for polyatomic liquids with the values for argon at the corresponding state condition.
Title : Root Cortical Senescence Improves Growth under Suboptimal Availability of N , P , 8 and K 9

H.M.S. designed the simulation experiments, analyzed the data, wrote the article with 20 contributions and critical review of all authors; J.A. P. programmed and guided simulation 21 experiments, data analysis, and interpretation; T.W. designed the field experiments and provided 22 assistance soil coring; C.K. programmed and implemented the root water uptake model in 23 SimRoot and contributed to the supplementary material; J.P.L. conceived the project and 24 participated in design, analysis, and reporting the study. 25 26
Assessment of the risk potential of pyrolysis products in plume produced during laser treatment under OR conditions

Aerosols, vapors, and gases in smoke produced during laser treatments of tissue can be a nuisance to the operating team and the patient and may be the source of potential health hazards. This paper provides information on distribution models as a link between aerosol and gaseous emission and immission to persons in the operating room. In vitro measurements according to this model were performed in an operating scenario. During vaporization of porcine liver with a CO2 laser (20 W cw) respirable fine dust was collected at several measuring points in a typical operating room. The fine dust concentration was acquired at three measuring points both as the mean value of 30 minutes and as six consecutive measurements of five minutes each. Since the maximum concentration was measured above the treated surface the operating surgeon is likely to aspirate most of the dust. Thus the immission concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOC) typically produced during vaporization was also determined at this measuring point. The measured values were compared to theoretically predicted developments of concentrations of dust and VOC. To estimate the potential health hazards the measured concentrations were related to threshold limits given by the European authorities.
The Antecedent Variables on Students ’ Goal Orientation 2 Acknowledgment

The present research aimed to examine the goal orientation adopted by students in a college classroom that subsequently predicted motivation and achievement. Furthermore, the study analyzed the correlation of several important antecedents (e.g. academic self-efficacy, the perception of classroom goal structure, use of academic self-handicapping strategies), in foretelling the changes in students’ goal orientation within an educational setting. The results indicated that all three groups aimed at adopting a mastery goal orientation in their learning, with a slight decrease between 1st to 2nd year students. Also, the results revealed distinct profiles for each of the achievement goals; the variability of mastery goal orientation is positively predicted by a student’s level of self-efficacy, whereas, both performance goal orientations predict the use of self-handicapping strategies. With respect to motivation and competence, the findings denote that high achievement motivation and high competence expectations are associated with mastery goals; motivation due to fear of failure is related to performance-approach goals, and performanceavoidance demands lower levels of cognitive engagement and undermines intrinsic motivation. The findings contribute to the achievement goal literature by attesting to the need to attend mastery and performance as well as approach and avoidance and the impact specific variables have on the goal orientation adopted by students, resulting in different levels of motivation, commitment, and learning by the student, throughout a program.
Transient Sox 9 Expression Facilitates Resistance to Androgen Targeted Therapy in 1 Prostate Cancer

Transient Sox9 Expression Facilitates Resistance to Androgen Targeted Therapy in 1 Prostate Cancer 2 3 Mannan Nouri1,2, Shabnam Massah1,2, Josselin Caradec1,2, Amy A. Lubik1,2, Na 4 Li1,2, Sarah Truong1, Ahn R. Lee1,2, Ladan Fazli1, Varune R. Ramnarine1,2, Jessica 5 M. Lovnicki1,2, Jackson Moore1, Mike Wang1, Jane Foo1, Martin E. Gleave1,2, Brett 6 G. Hollier3, Colleen Nelson1,2,3, Colin Collins1,2, Xuesen Dong1,2 and Ralph 7 Buttyan1,2* 8 9 1Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada 10 2Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 11 3Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 12 Brisbane, Australia 13 14 Running Title: Transient Sox9 Facilitates Prostate Cancer Progression 15 16 *Corresponding Author: Ralph Buttyan; Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, 17 Vancouver, BC, Canada V6H-3Z6; Phone: (604)875-4111, ext21758; Fax: (604)87518 5654; E-mail: rbuttyan@prostatecentre.com 19 20 The authors declare no conflicts of interest. 21
N T ] 3 J ul 2 01 2 Frames in the odd Leech lattice

Let Λ be an n-dimensional (Euclidean) lattice in R. The dual lattice Λ of Λ is the lattice {x ∈ R | (x, y) ∈ Z for all y ∈ Λ}, where (x, y) is the standard inner product. A lattice Λ with Λ = Λ is called unimodular. The norm of a vector x is defined as (x, x). A unimodular lattice with even norms is said to be even, and that containing a vector of odd norm is said to be odd. An n-dimensional even unimodular lattice exists if and only if n ≡ 0 (mod 8), while an odd unimodular lattice exists for every dimension. For example, the unique even unimodular lattice without roots in 24 dimensions is the Leech lattice Λ24 and the unique odd unimodular lattice without roots in 24 dimensions is the odd Leech lattice O24 [4]. The minimum norm min(Λ) of Λ is the smallest norm among all nonzero vectors of Λ. Let Zk be the ring of integers modulo k, where k is a positive integer. In this paper, we always assume that k ≥ 3 and we take the set Zk to be {0, 1, . , k− 1}. A Zk-code C of length n (or a code C of length n over Zk) is a Zk-submodule of Z n k . A Zk-code C is self-dual if C = C , where the dual code C of C is defined as C = {x ∈ Znk | x · y = 0 for all y ∈ C} under the standard inner product x · y = ∑n i=1 xiyi. The Euclidean weight
IL-17 controls central nervous system autoimmunity through the intestinal microbiome

IL-17 is a key safeguard of intestinal homeostasis, indirectly modulating the autoimmune response against CNS antigens. Gut reaction to IL-17 Whether IL-17A/F or TH17 cells are necessary for the immunopathogenesis of human multiple sclerosis (MS) has been a topic of active debate. Using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS, in mice deficient for IL-17A and IL-17F, Regen et al. found that IL-17 ablation reduced susceptibility to EAE. However, adoptive transfer of TH17 cells from autoantigen-primed IL-17–deficient mice recapitulated disease in naïve control mice but not in IL-17–deficient mice. Cohousing IL-17–deficient mice with IL-17–expressing mice, fecal transplantation from IL-17–expressing mice into IL-17–deficient mice, and reexpression of IL-17A in the gut of IL-17–deficient mice restored susceptibility to EAE. Thus, IL-17 expression in the gut rather than its effector function in the CNS is directly linked to EAE susceptibility by modulating the gut microbiome. Interleukin-17A– (IL-17A) and IL-17F–producing CD4+ T helper cells (TH17 cells) are implicated in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). TH17 cells also orchestrate leukocyte invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) and subsequent tissue damage. However, the role of IL-17A and IL-17F as effector cytokines is still confused with the encephalitogenic function of the cells that produce these cytokines, namely, TH17 cells, fueling a long-standing debate in the neuroimmunology field. Here, we demonstrated that mice deficient for IL-17A/F lose their susceptibility to EAE, which correlated with an altered composition of their gut microbiota. However, loss of IL-17A/F in TH cells did not diminish their encephalitogenic capacity. Reconstitution of a wild-type–like intestinal microbiota or reintroduction of IL-17A specifically into the gut epithelium of IL-17A/F–deficient mice reestablished their susceptibility to EAE. Thus, our data demonstrated that IL-17A and IL-17F are not encephalitogenic mediators but rather modulators of intestinal homeostasis that indirectly alter CNS-directed autoimmunity.
E-cadherin is regulated by GATA-2 and marks the early commitment of mouse hematopoietic progenitors to the basophil and mast cell fates

E-cadherin expression on mouse hematopoietic progenitors marks their commitment to the basophil and mast cell fates at an early stage. Basophil lineage commitment Basophils and mast cells are innate myeloid cells involved in IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions, but identification of committed progenitors for these cell types has been challenging. Wanet et al. used gene expression data from hematopoietic progenitors in mice to identify E-cadherin as a candidate marker associated with early basophil/mast cell progenitors and present on some cells on which the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRIα) was not yet detected. E-cadherin expression in these progenitors was directly regulated by the GATA-2 transcription factor. Combining E-cadherin and the mature basophil marker CD49b will offer a technique for selecting mature basophils for functional studies while leaving FcεRIα untouched. These studies provide further insights into how hematopoietic progenitors commit to differentiate into basophils or mast cells. E-cadherin is a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule extensively studied for its involvement in tissue formation, epithelial cell behavior, and suppression of cancer. However, E-cadherin expression in the hematopoietic system has not been fully elucidated. Combining single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses and immunophenotyping, we revealed that progenitors expressing high levels of E-cadherin and contained within the granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) fraction have an enriched capacity to differentiate into basophils and mast cells. We detected E-cadherin expression on committed progenitors before the expression of other reported markers of these lineages. We named such progenitors pro-BMPs (pro-basophil and mast cell progenitors). Using RNA sequencing, we observed transcriptional priming of pro-BMPs to the basophil and mast cell lineages. We also showed that GATA-2 directly regulates E-cadherin expression in the basophil and mast cell lineages, thus providing a mechanistic connection between the expression of this cell surface marker and the basophil and mast cell fate specification.