Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plant community characteristics and its coupling relationships with soil in depressions between karst hills, North Guangxi, China: Plant community characteristics and its coupling relationships with soil in depressions between karst hills, North Guangxi, China

Aims Our objective was to study plant community characteristics and coupling relationships between plant and soil properties in different ecosystems in depressions between karst hills. Methods We established 24 sample plots of 20 m × 20 m dimensions in four ecosystems (grassland, scrub, secondary forest and primary forest) in depressions between karst hills. We investigated the species composition and diversity characteristics of these ecosystems. We chose 35 indexes covering plant community and soil properties to study the relationships between plant factors and soil nutrients, soil mineral chemical components and soil microbes using analysis by principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Important findings Along succession from grassland to scrub to secondary forest to primary forest, the maximum number of species, genera and families with importance values (IV) 10.00 and maximum species diversity were in secondary forest, and the optimal community structure was in primary forest. The depressions between karst hills had high landscape heterogeneity, and different ecosystems were influenced by different factors. Soil microbes were the dominant influence in karst fragile ecosystems, followed by scrub. CCA elucidated a close relationship between species diversity and soil nitrogen, Al2O3 , Fe2O3 , microbial biomass carbon (C mic ), fungi and bacteria. Vegetation improvement and management practices should focus on such characteristics of different ecosystems when undertaking restoration and reconstruction of karst fragile ecosystems.
The phenomenological model of depression: from methodological challenges to clinical advancements

In this article our overall aim is to illustrate how phenomenological psychopathology can advance the clinical work on depression. To do so, we start by unfolding the current phenomenological model of depression. We argue that this model faces a methodological challenge, which we define as ‘the challenge of patho-description’. Mental disorders, such as depression, influence how people are able to access and describe their own experiences. This becomes a challenge for phenomenological psychopathology since its methodology is based on people’s ability to describe their own experiences. To deal with this challenge, in the case of depression, we turn to the framework of phenomenological interview. We interview 12 participants (7 women, 5 men, age-range from 29 to 57 years) with moderate and severe depression. From the interview results, we show how phenomenological interview deals with the challenge of patho-description and how patho-description in depression conceals experiential nuances. We unfold these nuances and describe how people with depression pre-reflectively experience a variety of feelings, a type of agency, overly positive self-image, and relations in a hyper-social way. These descriptive nuances not only strengthen the phenomenological model of depression, but they also help advance the clinical work on depression. We firstly illustrate how the descriptive nuances can be added to current manuals and rating scales to advance diagnostic work. Secondly, we illustrate how phenomenological, ‘bottom-up’, and embodied approaches function at the pre-reflective level of experience, and that further effort at this level can help advance therapy for depression.
The Feedbacks between Soil and Biota in Vernal Pool Landscapes near Merced, CA

The undulating Mima mound-vernal pool topography in California’s Central Valley has long been of interest, both because of the uncertainty surrounding its origin, as well as the rich biodiversity found in the depressional wetlands. To explore the processes which created the mounded terrain, we are testing a hypothesis which suggests subterranean animals such as pocket gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae, hereafter referred to as ‘gophers’) have built the small hillocks as a response to the changes caused by perched water tables and saturated soil conditions caused by restrictive underlying soil layers (Dalquest and Scheffer, 1942). This project aims to test the hypothesis, quantify the linkages between soil age, soil hydrology, animal behavior, and mound and pool morphology, and, ultimately, inform the management of the endangered seasonal wetland habitat by conducting the following analyses: • Through quantitative assessment of Mima mound abundance, size, and spatial pattern as a function of soil age and soil slope (level vs. terrace escarpment) using LIDAR data. • For five key landforms ranging in age from 0.01 to 3 m.y. , quantitatively survey the amount and orientation of soil movement by gophers, and gopher tunnel architecture for a two-year period, and monitor soil conditions (soil volumetric water content, temperature and ) for a one year period. • Apply LIDAR, biologic, and environmental measurements to develop a biogeomorphic model which can be used to test proposed processes, better understand (and illustrate) landscape development, and identify biotic and abiotic linkages.
Systematic manipulation of experimenters' non-verbal behaviors for the investigation of pain reports and placebo effects

Objective Non-verbal behaviors (NBs) of caregivers affect pain reports and placebo effects. However, little experimental research has systematically examined the caregivers' NBs. This study protocol and preparatory study report a systematic manipulation of experimenters' NBs to investigate pain report and placebo effects. Methods We propose an experiment in which videotaped experimenters (VEs) conduct a pain stimulation and a placebo treatment study. The VEs express one positively enhanced NB and keep the other NBs neutral. Participants will be randomized to either the positive facial expressions (+FE), tone of voice (+TV), body movement (+BM), or neutral NBs (i.e., neutral condition; NC) of the VEs. As a preparatory study for proof of concept, two groups of NB coders from Norway and the USA separately rated the degree of NBs (eye contact, body postures and movements, and tone of voice), and impressions of dominance and being in charge, positivity, and expressivity from each NB video. The NB videos had construct validity and reliability. The +BM and +FE were rated as more dominant and in charge than the +TV and the NC. The +FE and +BM were rated as the most positive and expressive NBs, respectively. Expected results +FE will have the largest placebo effects on pain and stress levels. However, transmitting the NBs to patients by VEs is challenging. Moreover, controlling for the effects of research assistants present in the testing room is challenging. Discussion We propose that caregivers' NBs affect pain reports and placebo effects. Moreover, different NBs elicit different impressions, and a better understanding of the role of caregiver NBs requires more rigorous investigations. Lastly, aiming to investigate the caregiver NBs, the varying degrees of micro-NBs and their effects on the formation of impressions should be considered.
Me vs Other Girls: Internalized Misogyny and Rape Myth Acceptance Among Women

This study aimed to determine how internalized misogyny influences rape myth acceptance among women. This investigation employed a quantitative correlational design. 396 college women between the ages of 18 and 25 who were studying at universities in Malang City were recruited using incidental sampling. This study employed two instruments to measure internalized misogyny and rape myth acceptance, Piggott’s Internalized Misogyny Scale (2004) and McMahon & Farmer’s Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (2011). A multiple linear regression test was used to test the hypothesis. The results of the data analysis demonstrated that internalized misogyny had a significant effect on women’s acceptance of the rape myth (F = 2209.310; p = 0.000 < 0.05; R2 = 0.944). The three dimensions of internalized misogyny, namely the devaluation of women (t = 47.731; p < 0.01), distrust of women (t = 51.762; p < 0.01), and gender bias in favor of men (t = 48.696; p < 0.01) partially influenced rape myth acceptance against women. Keywords: Internalized misogyny, Rape myth acceptance, Women
Change in sensory integration and regularity of postural sway with the suspensory strategy during static standing balance

Background and aim The suspensory strategy, a method for controlling postural balance in the vertical direction of the center of mass (COM), is considered by the elderly as a means of balance control. The vertical COM control might alter the sensory integration and regularity of postural sway, which in turn impacts balance. However, to date, this was not confirmed. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the influence of the suspensory strategy achieved through knee flexion on the static standing balance. Methods Nineteen participants were monitored at knee flexion angles of 0°, 15°, and 65°. Time-frequency analysis and sample entropy were employed to analyze the COM data. Time-frequency analysis was utilized to assess the energy content across various frequency bands and corresponding percentage of energy within each frequency band. The outcomes of time-frequency are hypothesized to reflect the balance-related sensory input and sensory weights. Sample entropy was applied to evaluate the regularity of the COM displacement patterns. Results Knee flexion led to a decreased COM height. The highest energy content was observed at 65° knee flexion, in contrast with the lowest energy observed at 0° in both the anterior–posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions. Additionally, the ultra-low-frequency band was more pronounced at 65° than that at 0° or 15° in the ML direction. Furthermore, the COM amplitudes were notably higher at 65° than those at 0° and 15° in the AP and ML directions, respectively. The sample entropy values were lower at 65° and 15° than those at 0° in the ML direction, with the lowest value observed at 65° in the vertical direction. Conclusion The suspensory strategy could enhance the sensory input and cause sensory reweighting, culminating in a more regular balance control. Such suspensory strategy-induced postural control modifications may potentially provide balance benefits for people with declining balance-related sensory, central processing, and musculoskeletal system functions.
Classification of HER2-negative breast cancers by ERBB2 copy number alteration status reveals molecular differences associated with chromosome 17 gene aberrations

Background: Recently, HER2-negative breast cancers have been reclassified by protein expression into ‘HER2-low’ and ‘HER2-zero’ subgroups, but the consideration of HER2-low breast cancer as a distinct biological subtype with differing prognoses remains controversial. By contrast, non-neutral ERBB2 copy number alteration (CNA) status is associated with inferior survival outcomes compared to ERBB2 CNA-neutral breast cancer, providing an alternative approach to classification. Methods: Here, we investigated the molecular landscape of non-metastatic HER2-negative BCs in relation to ERBB2 CNA status to elucidate biological differences. Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) TCGA-BRCA datasets (n = 1875) were analyzed. Results: Nearly two-fifths of the cohort harbored ERBB2 CNAs (39.4%), which were significantly enriched within hormone receptor-negative (56.1%) than within hormone receptor-positive BCs (35.5%; p < 0.0001). Globally, CNAs across the genome were significantly higher in ERBB2 non-neutral compared to neutral cohorts (p < 0.0001). Notably, genetic aberrations on chromosome 17 – BRCA1, NF1, TP53, MAP2K4, and NCOR1 – were widespread in the ERBB2 non-neutral cases. While chromosome 17q arm-level alterations were largely in tandem with ERBB2 CNA status, arm-level loss in chromosome 17p was prevalent regardless of ERBB2 gain, amplification, or loss. Differential gene expression analysis demonstrated that pathways involved in the cell cycle, proteasome, and DNA replication were upregulated in ERBB2 non-neutral cases. Conclusion: Classification of HER2-negative BCs according to ERBB2 CNA status reveals differences in the genomic landscape. The implications of concurrent aberrations in other genes on chromosome 17 merit further research in ERBB2 non-neutral BCs.
A Statistical Forecast Model for Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity Based on the NCEP Dynamical Seasonal Forecast

Abstract A hybrid dynamical–statistical model is developed for predicting Atlantic seasonal hurricane activity. The model is built upon the empirical relationship between the observed interannual variability of hurricanes and the variability of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and vertical wind shear in 26-yr (1981–2006) hindcasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS). The number of Atlantic hurricanes exhibits large year-to-year fluctuations and an upward trend over the 26 yr. The latter is characterized by an inactive period prior to 1995 and an active period afterward. The interannual variability of the Atlantic hurricanes significantly correlates with the CFS hindcasts for August–October (ASO) SSTs and vertical wind shear in the tropical Pacific and tropical North Atlantic where CFS also displays skillful forecasts for the two variables. In contrast, the hurricane trend shows less of a correlation to the CFS-predicted SSTs and vertical wind shear in.
IMPACT OF CONSUMER SALES PROMOTION ON CONSUMER PATRONAGE OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS IN NIGERIA

This study investigated the effect of consumer sales promotion on the patronage of pharmaceutical products in Nigeria. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of consumer sales promotion (discount, rebates, premiums, and demonstration) on consumer patronage of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. The methodology used was based on a descriptive research design using multistage sampling techniques. The sample size was four hundred (400) respondents, which was further analyzed using regression analysis. The findings revealed that there is a significant effect of consumer sales promotion in terms of premiums, discounts and rebates used in marketing and sales of pharmaceutical products to drive customer patronage as a consumer sales response. The study however found that consumers' sales response towards demonstrations as a consumer sales promotion was insignificant. In light of the findings, the study recommended that pharmaceutical organizations should engage in more sales promotional strategies like customer loyalty programs and the electronic and online variants of consumer sales promotion, which tends to be more creative to consumers who are now more technology-driven.
A Novel Similarity Solution of Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow over a Flat Plate

In this paper, the similarity solution of turbulent boundary layer flow on the flat plate with zero pressure gradients is presented. By employing similarity variables the governing partial differential equations are transformed to ordinary ones with inconsistent coefficients and solved numerically with the use of Runge–Kutta and shooting methods in conjunction with trial and error procedure. For a large domain of Reynolds number, the distribution of velocity, friction coefficient and thickness of boundary layer are calculated and compared with the experimental results extracted from the literature, where a good agreement between them are observed. The novelty of this study is to propose two new relations for the friction coefficient and thickness of the boundary layer.
Impacts of genetic drift and restricted gene flow in indigenous cattle breeds: evidence from the Jutland breed

Las razas indigenas del ganado representan un fuente unica de recurso genetico, la comprension de su variabilidad, estructura de poblacion, y de sus unidades de cria son importantes factores para sus conservacion sostenible. La raza de ganado en peligro de extincion de Jutlandia se encontraba muy dispersa en Dinamarca en el siglo XVIII, pero disminuyo e tamano tras la introduccion de la agricultura moderna. En este estudio, se investigo el impacto antropogenico en la fragmentacion de la raza usando el analisis de 737 pares de bases del ADN mitocondrial y 23 microsatelites en 207 animales. Los resultados muestran que la raza en Jutlandia contiene una entidad genetica unica con altos niveles de diversidad genetica, y limitada solamente por la introgresion de otras razas comunes de ganado. Los datos reflejan el impacto de la fragmentacion y el flujo genetico en razas restringidas y separadas en pequenos rebanos; y pone en manifiesto la rapida diferenciacion de los rebanos como resultado de la deriva genetica. La aplicacion de una estrategia de gestion que conserve la diversidad y evite la mezcla de razas es importante para la futura conservacion de la raza de Jutlandia y otras razas de ganado indigenas.
Identification of the Abscisic Acid-, Stress-, and Ripening-Induced (ASR) Family Involved in the Adaptation of Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze to Saline–Alkaline and Drought Habitats

Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze (Aizoaceae, 2n = 2x = 32), a vegetable used for both food and medicine, is a halophyte that is widely distributed in the coastal areas of the tropics and subtropics. Saline–alkaline soils and drought stress are two major abiotic stressors that significantly affect the distribution of tropical coastal plants. Abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) proteins belong to a family of plant-specific, small, and hydrophilic proteins with important roles in plant development, growth, and abiotic stress responses. Here, we characterized the ASR gene family from T. tetragonoides, which contained 13 paralogous genes, and divided TtASRs into two subfamilies based on the phylogenetic tree. The TtASR genes were located on two chromosomes, and segmental duplication events were illustrated as the main duplication method. Additionally, the expression levels of TtASRs were induced by multiple abiotic stressors, indicating that this gene family could participate widely in the response to stress. Furthermore, several TtASR genes were cloned and functionally identified using a yeast expression system. Our results indicate that TtASRs play important roles in T. tetragonoides’ responses to saline–alkaline soils and drought stress. These findings not only increase our understanding of the role ASRs play in mediating halophyte adaptation to extreme environments but also improve our knowledge of plant ASR protein evolution.
Isolation, identification, and antifungal resistance of Candida species from various samples

This study in Aden, Yemen, collected 67 samples from patients attending hospitals and laboratories. Samples were taken from different body areas, covering various age groups and genders. Fungal infections, particularly Candida species, are a significant cause of death worldwide. The emergence of azole-resistant Candida has raised concerns and highlighted the need for better antifungal agents.In the study, 68.66% of the collected samples contained pathogenic Candida fungi. Some samples also showed bacterial growth or both bacteria and fungi. Suspected Candida growth on corn meal agar exhibited chlamydospore formation and germ tubes on human serum. Carbohydrate fermentation tests were positive for Glucose, Maltose, Galactose, and Xylose, while Sucrose and Lactose were negative. All Candida isolates (100%) were accurately identified to the species level using CHROM agar Candida. Candida's pathogenicity was linked to various virulence factors, including hydrolytic enzyme secretion. Nystatin was the most effective antifungal agent (100% sensitivity), while Fluconazole (73.92%) and Amphotericin B (52.17%) showed varying levels of sensitivity. However, Voriconazole, ketoconazole, and Miconazole displayed high resistance rates (89.13%, 84.78%, and 80.44%, respectively) against the isolated Candida.This study concluded that Candida spp. , particularly Candida albicans, were frequently found in the samples from patients, with vaginal swaps being a common site of infection. The identification of Candida isolates to the species level using CHROM agar Candida was accurate. Nystatin, Fluconazole, and Amphotericin B were the most effective antifungal agents against Candida spp.
The importance of length and area estimate for forensic medicine without using a measurement tool

Background/aim Accurately measuring and recording the length or area of lesions affects the judgement of the forensic report, surgical wound management and, in some countries, the billing of health care services. The aim of this study was to determine whether the length and area of lesions described by physicians by estimation are accurate. Materials and methods This study was designed as a cross-sectional descriptive study and was conducted with 494 participants consisting of internists and physicians at Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Medicine. The participants were asked to estimate the lengths or areas of 6 different shapes in the questionnaire form without using a measuring instrument. Results Of the participants, 216 (43.7%) were interned physicians and 278 (56.3%) were physicians. Most 122 people (24.7%) answered the curved line shape with a length of 4 cm as “exact value”. The average of the values given by the internists to each shape was higher than the average of the values given by the physicians to each shape and was found to be further away from the true value. It was determined that more than half of the participants gave values above the actual length and area values of the shapes. It was observed that the rate of correct estimation of line shapes was higher than the rate of correct estimation of area shapes both as exact values and with ±10% margin of error. For line shapes, it was observed that the number of those who gave exact values decreased as the line length increased. Conclusion When preparing forensic reports, determining surgical wound management and billing, estimated data should not be used in lesion description. It would also be useful to develop tools that will enable physicians to make measurements in terms of easy use.