Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Initial CAL/APT program: site information, test pavements construction, pavement materials characterizations, initial CAL/HVS test results, and performance estimates

Author(s): Harvey, John; du Plessis, Louw; Long, Fenella; Shatnawi, Shakir; Scheffy, Clark; Tsai, Bor-Wen; Guada, Irwin; Hung, David; Coetzee, Nick; Riemer, Michael; Monismith, C L. | Abstract: This report, an interim report covering the work completed on the CAL/APT Project during the period June 1994 through July 1995 presents the results of laboratory tests on the pavement materials, and evaluates a number of different pavement-materialscharacterization and pavement-performance-prediction procedures. This information as well as additional data to be acquired subsequently will be used for complete analyses of response of the first two pavement sections (four test sections) to accelerated loading with the Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS). Experience gained from test-section construction suggests that the following guidelines might be of use for the construction of highway pavements by Caltrans: Reduce the length of mix that can be laid down prior to beginning compaction, Increase the minimum compaction thickness, especially for placement over cold existing surfaces and during night construction, Require simultaneous construction of adjoining lanes where feasible and, Install lateral confinement such as curbs or other similar devices prior to mix compaction where possible and economically feasible. Extensive analyses of the fatigue performance and resulting influences on subgrade strain of both the drained (ATPB) and undrained sections have been conducted. These analyses assumed the pavement to be represented as a multi-layer elastic solid and utilized a series of models for both fatigue and rutting. The predicted fatigue life is larger for the drained pavement than for the undrained pavement. This is due primarily to the increased stiffness of the ATPB compared to that of the aggregate base it replaces. However, the relative performance of drained and undrained pavements may be different under field conditions especially if severe moisture conditions reduce the effectiveness of the asphalt treatment. An increase in load from 40 to 100 kN (9,000 to 22,500 lb) causes a much larger reduction in the subgrade rutting life than predicted for the fatigue life.
Real-Time Emissions Modeling with Environmental Protection Agency MOVES

The objective of this study was to develop a framework for real-time emissions modeling to improve ecofriendly intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications. The proposed framework can be utilized for real-time ITS applications, such as ecorouting, and applications for the environment with a real-time information synthesis program. To develop a more efficient framework, a new interface with the motor vehicle emission simulator (MOVES) model was developed to enhance computational performance. In addition, a methodology that used a probe vehicle equipped with onboard equipment was suggested for collecting operating mode distribution through the network to generate input for the MOVES model. Through virtual implementation with a simulation environment developed with the Python scripting language, this study demonstrated that the proposed framework generally worked as designed. The study also investigated the effects of probe vehicle sampling size on estimation accuracy.
Remote Sensing Scene Image Classification Based on Dense Fusion of Multi-level Features

For remote sensing scene image classification, many convolution neural networks improve the classification accuracy at the cost of the time and space complexity of the models. This leads to a slow running speed for the model and cannot realize a trade-off between the model accuracy and the model running speed. As the network deepens, it is difficult to extract the key features with a sample double branched structure, and it also leads to the loss of shallow features, which is unfavorable to the classification of remote sensing scene images. To solve this problem, we propose a dual branch multi-level feature dense fusion-based lightweight convolutional neural network (BMDF-LCNN). The network structure can fully extract the information of the current layer through 3 × 3 depthwise separable convolution and 1 × 1 standard convolution, identity branches, and fuse with the features extracted from the previous layer 1 × 1 standard convolution, thus avoiding the loss of shallow information due to network deepening. In addition, we propose a downsampling structure that is more suitable for extracting the shallow features of the network by using the pooled branch to downsample and the convolution branch to compensate for the pooled features. Experiments were carried out on four open and challenging remote sensing image scene data sets. The experimental results show that the proposed method has higher classification accuracy and lower model complexity than some state-of-the-art classification methods and realizes the trade-off between model accuracy and model running speed.
Solidification Enhancement in a Triple-Tube Latent Heat Energy Storage System Using Twisted Fins

This work evaluates the influence of combining twisted fins in a triple-tube heat exchanger utilised for latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) in three-dimensional numerical simulation and comparing the outcome with the cases of the straight fins and no fins. The phase change material (PCM) is in the annulus between the inner and the outer tube, these tubes include a cold fluid that flows in the counter current path, to solidify the PCM and release the heat storage energy. The performance of the unit was assessed based on the liquid fraction and temperature profiles as well as solidification and the energy storage rate. This study aims to find suitable and efficient fins number and the optimum values of the Re and the inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid. The outcomes stated the benefits of using twisted fins related to those cases of straight fins and the no-fins. The impact of multi-twisted fins was also considered to detect their influences on the solidification process. The outcomes reveal that the operation of four twisted fins decreased the solidification time by 12.7% and 22.9% compared with four straight fins and the no-fins cases, respectively. Four twisted fins improved the discharging rate by 12.4% and 22.8% compared with the cases of four straight fins and no-fins, respectively. Besides, by reducing the fins’ number from six to four and two, the solidification time reduces by 11.9% and 25.6%, respectively. The current work shows the impacts of innovative designs of fins in the LHTES to produce novel inventions for commercialisation, besides saving the power grid.
Is e-commerce an investment risk priced by retail real estate investors? An investigation

ABSTRACT Over the last 20 years, online shopping has evolved into a major threat to the physical retail store. We investigate whether retail real estate investors price e-commerce as an investment risk. In particular, we analyse whether e-commerce sales have informative value for retail real estate returns. Focusing on institutional-grade shopping centres over the period of 2000 to 2018, we find that e-commerce sales predict total returns in the next quarter. This effect is driven by capital returns, which suggests that e-commerce is indeed priced as an investment risk. While consistent across mall types, this effect is stronger for regional and super-regional malls than neighbourhood and community shopping centres. Explanations for this difference include the types of retail tenants in these different mall categories and the varying impact of e-commerce on their business.
Innovations in Practice

Abstract Technological innovation is sweeping the world into an unimaginable future. These forces are affecting all aspects of how people live and work. What will be the role of museums and museum educators in this future? This article surveys some of the technologies that have profoundly affected museums and museum education and poses some questions: what trends in technology do museum professionals need to watch? Will museums remain relevant? Do museum collections matter?
Idiosyncratic Income Risk, Precautionary Saving, and Asset Prices

Households are subject to substantial tail risk in individual labor income, and the amount of income risk fluctuates over the business cycle. This paper proposes a New Keynesian production-based asset pricing model where idiosyncratic labor income risk is a key source of priced risk in equity markets. Uninsured income tail risk drives the aggregate demand for consumption goods through a time-varying precautionary saving motive, generating cyclicality in firm cash flows. In the cross section, firms facing more elastic demand are more exposed to fluctuations in idiosyncratic tail risk. This risk exposure is compensated by a significant and countercyclical risk premium in equity returns. Empirical findings support the predictions of the model. *Washington University in St. Louis. Email: m.meeuwis@wustl.edu. I thank Itamar Drechsler, Leonid Kogan, Debbie Lucas, Asaf Manela, Dimitris Papanikolaou, Jonathan Parker, Adrien Verdelhan, and seminar participants at the MIT Sloan Finance Lunch and Washington University in St. Louis Olin Finance Brown Bag for helpful comments and suggestions.
The Oxford Handbook of Stress and Mental Health

This handbook provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the science of stress and mental health. Topics covered include assessment issues, the role of stress in various mental disorders, developmental influences and individual difference factors that predict reactivity to stress, and treatment of stress-related mental health problems. Decades of research have unequivocally shown that life stress is a central factor in the onset and course of almost every psychiatric disorder. However, the processes by which stress influences mental health are complex, and integration of the diverse biological and psychological systems involved necessitates a multidisciplinary perspective. Fortunately, scientists working from diverse vantage points have made huge advances in unpacking the complexities of stress-disorder relations. Thus, the time is ripe for this handbook. Internationally recognized scholars in the field of stress and stress-related disorders have contributed their diverse expertise, providing the reader with both depth and breadth in terms of understanding stress and mental health. In Part 1, a critical discussion of assessment issues in the domains of stress exposure and stress response is provided. Part 2 is comprised of chapters reviewing the relation of stress exposures to a broad range of mental health outcomes across the lifespan. Parts 3 and 4 are concerned with understanding how the stress response unfolds at both psychological and neurobiological levels, and Part 5 addresses stress adaptation and resilience, as well as evidence-based treatments for stress and stress-related disorder. This volume will constitute an invaluable resource for students, established scientists, and clinicians looking for a comprehensive treatment of the topic of stress and mental health.
Assessing conservation status with extensive but low‐resolution data: Application of frequentist and Bayesian models to endangered Athabasca River rainbow trout

Use of extensive but low‐resolution abundance data is common in the assessment of species at‐risk status based on quantitative decline criteria under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and national endangered species legislation. Such data can be problematic for 3 reasons. First, statistical power to reject the null hypothesis of no change is often low because of small sample size and high sampling uncertainty leading to a high frequency of type II errors. Second, range‐wide assessments composed of multiple site‐specific observations do not effectively weight site‐specific trends into global trends. Third, uncertainty in site‐specific temporal trends and relative abundance are not propagated at the appropriate spatial scale. A common result is the propensity to underestimate the magnitude of declines and therefore fail to identify the appropriate at‐risk status for a species. We used 3 statistical approaches, from simple to more complex, to estimate temporal decline rates for a designatable unit (DU) of rainbow trout in the Athabasca River watershed in western Canada. This DU is considered a native species for purposes of listing because of its genetic composition characterized as >0.95 indigenous origin in the face of continuing introgressive hybridization with introduced populations in the watershed. Analysis of abundance trends from 57 time series with a fixed‐effects model identified 33 sites with negative trends, but only 2 were statistically significant. By contrast, a hierarchical linear mixed model weighted by site‐specific abundance provided a DU‐wide decline estimate of 16.4% per year and a 3‐generation decline of 93.2%. A hierarchical Bayesian mixed model yielded a similar 3‐generation decline trend of 91.3% and the posterior distribution showed that the estimate had a >99% probability of exceeding thresholds for an endangered listing. We conclude that the Bayesian approach was the most useful because it provided a probabilistic statement of threshold exceedance in support of an at‐risk status recommendation.
Warm-up provision in field hockey: a comparison between literature and practice

When looking at literature it is evident that there is a shortage of research focused on the warm-up in field hockey. After the warm-up the athlete should have an increased mental focus, increased body and muscle temperature and be ready for the task specific activities he is about to take part in (Cone, 2007). The present study compares the literature in the area and tries to compile an image of the best way of improving a warm-up. Thirteen teams on National League and Premier Division level agreed to participate in this study. All teams were observed using a newly developed observational instrument, designed to observe hockey warm-ups. Subsequently, coaches were interviewed using a semistructured interview protocol to investigate their background in the area and to get a good view of the choices they made in warm-up design. The findings of the study conclude that there are a large number of factors a coach has to take into account when designing a warm-up, such as duration, warm-up phases and stretching. Finally, the researcher will finish off by giving guidelines for a warm-up in field hockey, constructed from previous research in the area, observations in practice and interviews with the coaches involved.
Performance of carfentrazone-ethyl 20%+sulfosulfuron 25% WDG - a formulated herbicide for total weed control in wheat.

Carfentrazone-ethyl 20%+sulfosulfuron 25% WDG (Premix) was evaluated against mixed weed flora in wheat during rabi seasons of 2008-09 and 2009-10 at the Research Farm of Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The experimental field was heavily infested with Phalaris minor and broadleaf weeds. Among the herbicidal treatments, post-emergence application (30-35 DAS) of premix herbicide i. e. carfentrazone + sulfosulfuron at 36, 45 and 54 g/ha either with 625 ml or 750 ml/ha of surfactants performed at par with the recommended herbicides i. e. Leader 75 WG (sulfosulfuron) at 25 g/ ha and Total 75 WG (sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron) with respect to reduction in dry matter accumulation by P. minor as well as broadleaf weeds and production of grain yield of wheat. The bioefficacy of carfentrazone+sulfosulfuron at 45 g/ha without surfactant was found to be less as compared to its application with surfactants. Higher dose of this formulated herbicide i. e. 54 g/ha was more effective than its lower levels. Also alone application of carfentrazone 20 g/ha as well as unweeded (control) treatment produced significantly higher dry matter of P. minor and less grain yield as compared to all the herbicidal treatments.
Ocean energy recovery : the state of the art

This book, Ocean Energy Recovery: The State of the Art , establishes the state of the art in the full range of renewable energy technologies. It includes mature technologies such as tidal energy extraction to conjectural technologies such as salinity gradients. In addition, the economics of the major systems are compared in a uniform manner, making it possible to reslistically assess their economic potential. This publication provides a single source of balanced technical and economic assessmets of competing technologies and should be of interest to all who are involved in the search for alternative sources of energy.
Accelerated Decision Making at the Task Force Level.

Abstract : This study challenges the military decision-making process as both ineffective and inefficient for use in decision making at the task force level. FM 101-5 (final draft), Staff Organization and Operations, 1966, currently prescribes the MDMP as the only accepted process for decision making. This process is applicable to all echelons. This researcher suggests that the decision-making process is different at task force level and makes recommendations to improve the decision-making process when applied to the resource constrained environment characteristic of task force level operations. The MDMP is a systematic, analytical approach to decision making that generates multiple courses of action for the purpose of allowing the commander to select the optimum COA. This study explored the existing theories of naturalistic or recognition primed decision making for the purpose of determining a single option rapidly. The MDMP is by its own description a staff and time intensive process. The requirement to develop the best possible solution instead of one workable solution results in a significant increase in time used in the conduct of the planning process with no applicable difference in the results. The research examined the MDMP against the environment characteristics of task force level operations for efficiency and effectiveness. The study concluded that the MDMP is neither an efficient nor effective planning process when applied to task force level. The study provides recommended improvements for the MDMP to streamline the process and make it a more efficient and effective process for task force level planning. Key to the discussion is the idea of returning to a more commander involved metal process versus the present staff driven, product oriented process of FM 101-5.
A Review Of Recent Accidents Involving Explosives Transport

The transportation of explosives is generally considered to be a hazardous operation. This paper presents the results of an Internet search to identify the number of explosives transportation accidents. Eleven notable explosive-related transportation accidents in 7 different countries were identified over the past decade. The worst occurred in 2004 in Iran, when a train derailed and exploded, killing more than 300 people. Other incidents were located through a review of Hazardous Material Incident Data from the U.S. Department of Transportation. This review showed only one accident that resulted in a fatality. These findings suggest that explosives transportation in the U.S. is extremely safe, although the same cannot be said for all parts of the world. Most of the incidents found in the review involved ammonium nitrate. In many cases, there was a delay between the time of the accident, the cargo catching fire, and the cargo exploding. Injuries and fatalities could potentially be reduced if this time delay is used for evacuation rather than fire fighting.
Design Structure Matrix Methods and Applications

Design structure matrix (DSM) is a straightforward and flexible modeling technique that can be used for designing, developing, and managing complex systems. DSM offers network modeling tools that represent the elements of a system and their interactions, thereby highlighting the system’s architecture (or designed structure). Its advantages include compact format, visual nature, intuitive representation, powerful analytical capacity, and flexibility. Used primarily so far in the area of engineering management, DSM is increasingly being applied to complex issues in health care management, financial systems, public policy, natural sciences, and social systems. This book offers a clear and concise explanation of DSM methods for practitioners and researchers. The book’s four sections correspond to the four primary types of DSM models, offering tools for representing product architectures, organization architectures, process architectures, and multidomain architectures (which combine different types of DSM models to represent multiple domains simultaneously). In each section, a chapter introducing the technique is followed by a chapter of examples showing a variety of applications of that DSM type. The forty-four applications represent a wide range of industries (including automotive, aerospace, electronics, building, and pharmaceutical), countries (among them Australia, Germany, Japan, Turkey, and the United State), and problems addressed (modularity, outsourcing, system integration, knowledge management, and others).
MOLECULAR DISSECTION OF QUANTITATIVE RESISTANCE OF SHEATH BLIGHT IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

Using 266 Near Isogenic Introgression Lines with randomly introgressed Lemont segment of a cross between Lemont x Teqing, the genetic control of resistance to sheath blight of rice was also studied. Based on disease evaluation and a genetic map with 148 molecular makers, 15 M-QTLs detected for lesion height (LH) and actual lesion length (ALL) over assessment times were mapped on seven chromosomes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, and 12), explaining 35.8%-93.8% of the phenotypic variation. The QTLs with high additive effects for most resistance traits were found at the markers RM341 (on chromosome 2), RM156 (on chromosome 3), and RM280 (on chromosome 4). All the QTLs had the positive alleles from parent Teqing; Lemont did not contribute any alleles associated with higher disease resistance. Despite different assessment methods for host plant resistance, most QTLs controlling lesion height and actual lesion length in each assessment time were approximately mapped at the same chromosomal regions. Additive effects appeared to be more important than digenic interactions. Rice sheath blight resistance was found influenced by some morphological characters such as heading date but had no correlation with plant height. However, it can not be ascertained if the association between sheath blight resistance and morphological traits is due to pleiotrophic effect or to close linkage. Four QTLs, namely, QSbr1a, QSbr2a, QSbr4c, and QSbr9b that were found not associated with plant morphology or heading date are potentially useful in breeding programs for sheath blight resistance.