Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drinking from the Firehose: Preprints, Chinese Scientists, and the Diffusion of Research on COVID-19

Platforms such as preprints websites have become an increasingly important way to rapidly disseminate new knowledge prior to peer review. While these platforms are accessible to scientists and audiences around the world, there is considerable uncertainty around the knowledge itself, particularly with articles produced by Chinese scientists. This study explores how readers allocate attention across preprints in a context of great urgency (the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic), and the extent to which the community reduces uncertainty itself through endorsements on social media. We find that preprints with authors from Chinese institutions receive less attention than preprints with authors from the rest of the world. We also document that self-organizing screening mechanisms such as twitter endorsements drive attention, although these are less common and no more effective for Chinese authored preprints, replicating the original attention gap. The results suggest that platforms designed to, or used to, promote unfettered access to early research findings do not necessarily lead to democratization of science in a context of high urgency and uncertainty.
DUE: End-to-End Document Understanding Benchmark

Understanding documents with rich layouts plays a vital role in digitization and hyper-automation but remains a challenging topic in the NLP research community. Additionally, the lack of a commonly accepted benchmark made it difﬁcult to quantify progress in the domain. To empower research in this ﬁeld, we intro-duce the Document Understanding Evaluation (DUE) benchmark consisting of both available and reformulated datasets to measure the end-to-end capabilities of systems in real-world scenarios. The benchmark includes Visual Question Answering, Key Information Extraction, and Machine Reading Comprehension tasks over various document domains and layouts featuring tables, graphs, lists, and infographics. In addition, the current study reports systematic baselines and analyzes challenges in currently available datasets using recent advances in layout-aware language modeling. We open both the benchmarks and reference imple-mentations and make them available at https://duebenchmark.com and https://github.com/due-benchmark .
Humor and Expression of Anger in Socially Maladapted Youth

Appropriate regulation of emotions is important for maintaining physical and psychological health and well-being, as well as social adaptation and development. In the prevention of social maladjustment, it is particularly important to support factors that contribute to the proper control of emotions, especially anger. One such factor is humor, which helps to relieve emotional tension and express anger in a safe way. This research aims to identify the types of anger expression occurring in adolescents who are socially maladapted and determine whether there are significant differences in the use of humor between (sub)groups of minors due to their type of anger expression. The study was carried out in twenty-four juvenile correctional institutions in Poland and included a sample of 705 minors (29% females and 71% males, aged between 12 and 21 years old, with an average age of 17). Two research tools were used: the Anger Expression Scale (AES) and the Humor Style Questionnaire (HSQ). K-means cluster analysis led to the separation of three types of anger expression in the group of socially maladjusted youth: Anger-out, Low-Anger, and Anger-control. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analysis revealed the statistically significant differences between the groups of minors (clusters) in their use of three styles of humor: affiliative, self-enhancing, and aggressive. These findings can be used in the design of modern interventions in the field of prevention and promotion of mental and social health.
A Polyhedral Abstraction for Petri Nets and its Application to SMT-Based Model Checking

We define a new method for taking advantage of net reductions in combination with a SMT-based model checker. Our approach consists in transforming a reachability problem about some Petri net, into the verification of an updated reachability property on a reduced version of this net. This method relies on a new state space abstraction based on systems of constraints, called polyhedral abstraction. We prove the correctness of this method using a new notion of equivalence between nets. We provide a complete framework to define and check the correctness of equivalence judgements; prove that this relation is a congruence; and give examples of basic equivalence relations that derive from structural reductions. Our approach has been implemented in a tool, named SMPT, that provides two main procedures: Bounded Model Checking (BMC) and Property Directed Reachability (PDR). Each procedure has been adapted in order to use reductions and to work with arbitrary Petri nets. We tested SMPT on a large collection of queries used in the Model Checking Contest. Our experimental results show that our approach works well, even when we only have a moderate amount of reductions.
Ghrelin/ghrelin receptors

After the discovery in 1996 of the GH secretagogue-receptor type-1a (GHS-R1a) as an orphan G-protein coupled receptor, many research groups attempted to identify the endogenous ligand. Finally, Kojima and colleagues successfully isolated the peptide ligand from rat stomach extracts, determined its structure, and named it ghrelin. The GHS-R1a is now accepted to be the ghrelin receptor. The existence of the ghrelin system has been demonstrated in many animal classes through biochemical and molecular biological strategies as well as through genome projects. Our work, focused on identifying the ghrelin receptor and its ligand ghrelin in laboratory animals, particularly nonmammalian vertebrates, has provided new insights into the molecular evolution of the ghrelin receptor. In mammals, it is assumed that the ghrelin receptor evolution is in line with the plate tectonics theory. In contrast, the evolution of the ghrelin receptor in nonmammalian vertebrates differs from that of mammals: multiplicity of the ghrelin receptor isoforms is observed in nonmammalian vertebrates only. This multiplicity is due to genome duplication and polyploidization events that particularly occurred in Teleostei. Furthermore, it is likely that the evolution of the ghrelin receptor is distinct from that of its ligand, ghrelin, because only one ghrelin isoform has been detected in all species examined so far. In this review, we summarize current knowledge related to the molecular evolution of the ghrelin receptor in mammalian and nonmammalian vertebrates. Key Words
Semantic Annotation of Global Positioning System Traces

Because of the rapid development of technology, larger data sets on activity travel behavior have become available. These data sets often lack semantic interpretation. This lack of interpretation implies that annotation of activity type and transportation mode is necessary. This paper aims to infer activity types from Global Positioning System (GPS) traces by developing a decision tree–based model. The model considers only activity start times and activity durations. On the basis of the decision tree classification, a probability distribution and a point prediction model were constructed. The probability matrix described the probability of each activity type for each class (i.e., combination of activity start time and activity duration). In each class, the point prediction model selected the activity type that had the highest probability. Two types of data were collected in 2006 and 2007 in Flanders, Belgium (i.e., activity travel data and GPS data). The optimal classification tree constructed contained 18 leaves. Consequently, 18 if–then rules were derived. An accuracy of 74% was achieved when the tree was trained. The accuracy of the model for the validation set (72.5%) showed that overfitting was minimal. When the model was applied to the test set, the accuracy was almost 76%. The models indicated the importance of time information in the semantic enrichment process. This study contributes to future data collection in that it enables researchers to infer activity types directly from activity start time and duration information obtained from GPS data. Because no location information is needed, this research can be easily and readily applied to millions of individual agents.
Rate-Optimal Subspace Estimation on Random Graphs

We study the theory of random bipartite graph whose adjacency matrix is generated according to a connectivity matrix M. We consider the bipartite graph to be sparse, i.e., the entries of M are upper bounded by certain sparsity parameter. We show that the performance of estimating the connectivity matrix M depends on the sparsity of the graph. We focus on two measurement of performance of estimation: the error of estimating M and the error of estimating the column space of M. In the first case, we consider the operator norm and Frobenius norm of the difference between the estimation and the true connectivity matrix. In the second case, the performance will be measured by the difference between the estimated projection matrix and the true projection matrix in operator norm and Frobenius norm. We will show that the estimators we propose achieve the minimax optimal rate.
SOCIAL EVOLUTION Evolution of responses to ( un ) fairness

, (2014); 346 Science Sarah F. Brosnan and Frans B. M. de Waal Evolution of responses to (un)fairness This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. clicking here. colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others here. following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles ): October 20, 2014 www.sciencemag. org (this information is current as of The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag. org/content/346/6207/1251776.full. html version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag. org/content/346/6207/1251776.full. html#ref-list-1 , 18 of which can be accessed free: cites 82 articles This article http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/psychology Psychology subject collections: This article appears in the following
City CarShare in San Francisco, California: Second-Year Travel Demand and Car Ownership Impacts

Two years into the introduction of City CarShare in San Francisco, California, nearly 30% of members have gotten rid of one or more cars, and two-thirds stated that they opted not to purchase another car. By City CarShare's second anniversary, 6.5% of members' trips and 10% of their vehicle miles traveled were in carshare vehicles. Matched-pair comparisons with a statistical control group suggest that, over time, members have reduced their total vehicular travel. Because carshare vehicles tended to be small and fuel-efficient, per capita gasoline consumption and greenhouse gas emissions among members also appeared to go down. Suppressed travel likely reflected a combination of influences: reduced car ownership, more judicious and selective use of cars for particular trip purposes, and multiple-occupant carshare trips. Carsharing, however, has also enhanced mobility and allowed members to reach more destinations in and around San Francisco conveniently and to do so more quickly. Because it widens mobility choices and offers a resourceful form of automobility, carsharing is a welcome addition to the urban transportation sector in cities such as San Francisco.
Dynamic Personalized Pricing with Active Consumers

We study a two-period duopoly model where firms gather consumer data from firstperiod customers then use them for second-period personalized pricing, with a focus on active consumers who can bypass price discrimination with identity management (IM). As a result, IM weakens competition and allows firms to adopt perfect price discrimination which gives massive profit for firms in the personalized-pricing stage. Anticipating this, firms engage in below-cost pricing in the first stage to compete for consumer data. This strategy is similar to predatory pricing not only because of belowcost pricing but firms can also recoup losses later, however, we show that in this case below-cost pricing is driven by competition and beneficial to consumers.
PPA_A_350401 2703..2704

Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia Dear editor I read with great interest the published article of Hasen et al describing the patients’ satisfaction with pharmaceutical care and associated factors among patients admitted to medical wards in Jimma University Medical Center. As a clinical pharmacy specialist, I appreciate the importance of assessing the patient’s satisfaction with the newly implemented clinical pharmacy service in Ethiopia. In this letter, I suggest the methodological approaches and additional factors that can affect the patient’s satisfaction in the result part, which I believe would result in more robust findings of the predictors of patient’s satisfaction with the clinical pharmacy service. The author identifies the seven types of drug-related problems found in the medical wards of Jimma university medical center. Despite the reported studies of high drug-related problems among patients admitted to medical ward of Jimma university medical center, the author didn't assess the impact of drugrelated problem on the patient's satisfaction with pharmaceutical care. Therefore, I suggest the direct relationship between drugs-related problems and patient satisfaction. The author Hasen et al found that previous admission was significantly associated with the patients’ satisfaction. This might be due to the patients who had previously been admitted to the hospitals and given the clinical pharmacy service were more likely to have good knowledge and attitude regarding pharmaceutical care that results in increased satisfaction. The authors identified the seven a type of drug-related problems in which nonadherence was the most prevalent. Despite this, adherence was assessed from patient’s chart which was difficult to determine by retrospective reviewing the patient’s chart and therefore I believe and expect a huge number of nonadherences if conducted prospectively. Patient satisfaction is one of the components used to determine the quality of the health-care system. Therefore, patients’ satisfaction was related to health-care quality. Globally, providing quality pharmaceutical care service could satisfy the demands of hospitalized patients. The study did not consider the effects of pharmaceutical care quality on patient satisfaction. The author Hasen et al had used the unstandardized questionnaire based on the extensive review of previous literature. I kindly recommended the authors to use the standard and validated tool to assess the pharmaceutical care service like the Correspondence: Firomsa Bekele Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia Email firomsabekele21@gmail.com
Diverging paths among Central Eastern European mothers? The degree of incongruity between employment preferences and their actual experiences (1994–2012)*

This paper examines the congruity between mothers’ preferences and actual experiences when raising preschool children, using data on mothers of reproductive ages (18–49) from the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland from International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) (1994, 2002 and 2012). The findings show that (i) with one exception, in all the countries and years, mothers whose preferences were congruent with their actual employment statuses outnumbered those whose preferences and employment statuses were incongruent; (ii) whereas Czech mothers improved their situations during the period (the congruity increases), Polish mothers—who began the period with the highest congruity—experienced a decrease in congruity, while Hungarian mothers showed the lowest congruity and saw a slight improvement in their situations (they achieved more congruity); and (iii) women who had their children during the communist regimes were more likely to experience incongruity because they worked more than they desired to, while women who became mothers during the post-communist period were more likely to experience congruity when they stayed at home, but they were also more likely to experience incongruity because they were inactive and considered working desirable. Therefore, the results confirm similar trends and diverging paths among the three countries. The high degree of incongruity between preferences and actual experiences is a sign of the problems faced by mothers attempting to reconcile work and family life and also impacts other phenomena, such as female employment, gender equality and fertility.
Derivation of four computable 24-hour pediatric sepsis phenotypes to facilitate personalized enrollment in early precise anti-inflammatory clinical trials

ABSTRACT Objective: Thrombotic microangiopathy induced Thrombocytopenia Associated Multiple Organ Failure and hyperinflammatory Macrophage Activation Syndrome are important causes of late pediatric sepsis mortality that are often missed or have delayed diagnosis. Our objective is to derive computable 24-hour sepsis phenotypes to facilitate enrollment in early precise anti-inflammatory trials targeting mortality from these conditions. Design: Machine learning analysis using consensus k-means clustering. Setting: Nine pediatric intensive care units. Patients: 404 children with severe sepsis. Interventions: 24-hour computable phenotypes derived using 25 bedside variables including C-reactive protein and ferritin. Measurements and Main Results: Four computable phenotypes (PedSep-A, B, C, and D) are derived. Compared to the overall population mean, PedSep-A has the least inflammation (median C-reactive protein 7.3 mg/dL, ferritin 125 ng/mL), younger age, less chronic illness, and respiratory failure (n = 135; 2% mortality); PedSep-B (median C-reactive protein 13.2 mg/dL, ferritin 225 ng/ mL) has multiple organ failure with intubated respiratory failure, shock, and Glasgow Coma Scale score < 7 (n = 102, 12% mortality); PedSep-C has elevated ferritin (median C-reactive protein 15.2 mg/dL, ferritin 405 ng/mL), lymphopenia, shock, and relative absence of intubation (n = 110; mortality 10%); and, PedSep D has hyperferritinemic (median C-reactive protein 13.1 mg/dL ferritin 610 ng/mL), thrombocytopenic multiple organ failure with more cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, hematologic, and central nervous system failures (n = 56, 34% mortality). PedSep-D has highest likelihood of Thrombocytopenia Associated Multiple Organ Failure (Adj OR 47.51 95% CI [18.83-136.83], p < 0.0001) and Macrophage Activation Syndrome (Adj OR 38.63 95% CI [13.26-137.75], p <0.0001), and shows a survival interaction with combined methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Four machine learning computable phenotypes are identified (www.pedsepsis.pitt.edu). Membership in PedSep-D appears optimal for enrollment in early anti-inflammatory trials targeting Thrombocytopenia Associated Multiple Organ Failure and Macrophage Activation Syndrome.
Intelligent Sight and Sound: A Chronic Cancer Pain Dataset

Cancer patients experience high rates of chronic pain throughout the treatment process. Assessing pain for this patient population is a vital component of psychological and functional well-being, as it can cause a rapid deterioration of quality of life. Existing work in facial pain detection often have deficiencies in labeling or methodology that prevent them from being clinically relevant. This paper introduces the first chronic cancer pain dataset, collected as part of the Intelligent Sight and Sound (ISS) clinical trial, guided by clinicians to help ensure that model findings yield clinically relevant results. The data collected to date consists of 29 patients, 509 smartphone videos, 189,999 frames, and self-reported affective and activity pain scores adopted from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Using static images and multi-modal data to predict self-reported pain levels, early models show significant gaps between current methods available to predict pain today, with room for improvement. Due to the especially sensitive nature of the inherent Personally Identifiable Information (PII) of facial images, the dataset will be released under the guidance and control of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Dual-band rat-race coupler design using tri-section branch-line

The design of a novel rat-race coupler that can operate at two widely separated frequency bands is presented. The proposed circuit also features compact size, planar structure without a via hole, and low insertion loss. For validation, both simulated and measured performance of a microstrip rat-race coupler operating at 2.45/5.8 GHz are shown.
The Relational Interpretation

The relational interpretation (or RQM, for Relational Quantum Mechanics) solves the measurement problem by considering an ontology of sparse relative facts. Facts are realized in interactions between any two physical systems and are relative to these systems. RQM’s technical core is the realisation that quantum transition amplitudes determine physical probabilities only when their ar-guments are facts relative to the same system. The relativity of facts can be neglected in the approximation where decoherence hides interference, thus mak-ing facts approximately stable.
Envisaging Macroeconomics Antecedent Effect on Stock Market Return in India

Investors have increasingly become interested in macroeconomic antecedents in order to better understand the investment environment and estimate the scope of profitable investment in equity markets. This study endeavors to examine the interdependency between the macroeconomic antecedents (international oil price (COP), Domestic gold price (GP), Rupee-dollar exchange rates (ER), Real interest rates (RIR), consumer price indices (CPI)), and the BSE Sensex and Nifty 50 index return. The data is converted into a natural logarithm for keeping it normal as well as for reducing the problem of heteroscedasticity. Monthly time series data from January 1992 to July 2019 is extracted from the Reserve Bank of India database with the application of financial Econometrics. Breusch–Godfrey serial correlation LM test for removal of autocorrelation, Breusch–Pagan-Godfrey test for removal of heteroscedasticity, Cointegration test and VECM test for testing cointegration between macroeconomic factors and market returns,] are employed to fit regression model. The Indian market returns are stable and positive but show intense volatility. When the series is stationary after the first difference, heteroskedasticity and serial correlation are not present. Different forecast accuracy measures point out macroeconomics can forecast future market returns of the Indian stock market. The step-by-step econometric tests show the long-run affiliation among macroeconomic antecedents.