Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Species co‐occurrence, nestedness and guild–environment relationships in stream macroinvertebrates

Summary 1. Describing species distribution patterns and the underlying mechanisms is at the heart of ecological research. A number of recent studies have used null model approaches to explore mechanisms behind spatial variation in community structure. 2. However, unexplored questions are the degree to which single guilds of potentially competing stream macroinvertebrate species show: (i) interspecific segregation among-stream sites (i.e. occur together less often than expected by chance), suggesting competitive interactions; (ii) interspecific aggregation (i.e. occur together more often than expected by chance), suggesting similar responses to the environment; (iii) comply with nestedness, suggesting the existence of selective extinctions or colonisations and (iv) show similar environmental relationships. 3. The present analyses showed that guilds of stream macroinvertebrates exhibit non-random co-occurrence patterns that were generally contingent on the weighting of sites by stream size. Despite significant segregation of species, each guild also showed significantly nested patterns. Species richness was correlated with different environmental factors between the guilds, although these correlations were relatively low. By contrast, correlations between the major ordination axes and key environmental variables were slightly stronger in canonical correspondence analysis, and generally the same factors were most strongly correlated with variation in the species composition of each guild. 4. The present findings are the first to show that species within each stream macroinvertebrate guild show significant negative co-occurrence at the among-stream riffle scale. These findings present challenges for future studies that aim to disentangle whether these patterns comply with the habitat checkerboard or the competitive checkerboard explanations.
Contribution of the Lymphotoxin β Receptor to Liver Regeneration1

The liver has an enormous capacity to regenerate in response to insults, but the cellular events and molecules involved in liver regeneration are not well defined. In this study, we report that ligands expressed on the surface of lymphocytes have a substantial effect on liver homeostasis. We demonstrate that a T cell-restricted ligand, homologous to lymphotoxin, exhibits inducible expression, competes with herpesvirus glycoprotein D for herpesvirus entry mediator on T cells (LIGHT), signaling through the lymphotoxin receptor (LTβR) expressed on mature hepatocytes induces massive hepatomegaly. Using genetic targeting and a receptor fusion protein, we further show that mice deficient in LTβR signaling have a severe defect in their ability to survive partial hepatectomy with marked liver damage and failure to initiate DNA synthesis after partial hepatectomy. We further show that mice deficient in a LTβR ligand, LTα, also show decreased ability to survive partial hepatectomy with similar levels of liver damage and decreased DNA synthesis. Therefore, our study has revealed an unexpected role of lymphocyte-restricted ligands and defined a new pathway in supporting liver regeneration.
Resilience, Robustness, and Marine Ecosystem-based Management

ABSTRACT Marine ecosystems provide essential services to humans, yet these services have been diminished, and their future sustainability endangered, by human patterns of exploitation that threaten system robustness and resilience. Marine ecosystems are complex adaptive systems composed of individual agents that interact with one another to produce collective effects, integrating scales from individual behaviors to the dynamics of whole systems. In such systems, small changes can be magnified through nonlinear interactions, facilitating regime shifts and collapses. Protection of the services these ecosystems provide must therefore maintain the adaptive capacities of these systems by preserving a balance among heterogeneity, modularity, and redundancy, tightening feedback loops to provide incentives for sound stewardship. The challenge for management is to increase incentives to individuals, and tighten reward loops, in ways that will strengthen the robustness and resilience of these systems and preserve their ability to provide ecosystem services for generations to come.
On the morphology and life-history of Opechona bacillaris (Molin, 1859) Looss, 1907 (Trematoda, Lepocreadiidae)

Abstract The life-cycle of the digenetic trematode Opechona bacillaris (Molin, 1859) Looss, 1907 (fam. Lepocreadiidae Nicoll, 1934, subfam. Lepocreadiinae Odhner, 1905) is described. It is shown experimentally that ophthalmotrichocercous cercariae which develop in the marine prosobranch Nassarius pygmaeus (Lamarck) penetrate the ctenophore, Pleurobrachia pileus, a chaetognath, Sagitta sp. , and small medusae. Here they develop into the metacercaria of O. bacillaris, which previously has been described from a large number of planktonic invertebrates. The redia and cercaria of O. bacillaris are described. The cercaria and metacercaria are compared with immature O. bacillaris from a naturally infested lumpsucker, Cyclopterus lumpus, by means of the stereoscan electron microscope. The infestation percentage of the snail host population from the northern Oresund was determined at intervals over a period of nearly two years. During winter most infestations comprise only rediae, whereas during summer nearly all i.
A revision of the type specimens of Tertiary molluscs from Chile and Argentina described by d'Orbigny (1842), Sowerby (1846) and Hupé (1854)

Synopsis The 122 Cenozoic molluscan species from Chile and Argentina introduced by d'Orbigny (1842), Sowerby (1846) and Hupé (1854) are all based on material collected during early expeditions to that part of the world during the nineteenth century. These species are revised herein and many are assigned to appropriate modern genera. A brief list of synonyms is given, stating only those references ‐ in addition to the original one ‐ in which material is illustrated or new combinations provided. Comments on the nature and preservation of the type material and on the status of the taxa are provided in order to clarify nomenclatural and taxonomic confusion that has arisen over the years because of the poor understanding of the types. Most of the type material is re‐illustrated. Necessary lectotypes are designated for the following: Pecten centralis Sowerby, 1846, Venus meridionalis Sowerby, 1846, Venus munsterii d'Orbigny, 1842, Ostrea patagonica d'Orbigny, 1842, Fusus cleryanus d'Orbigny, 1842, Trochus collaris Sowerby, 1846, Turritella patagonica Sowerby, 1846 and Scalaria rugulosa Sowerby, 1846. Neotypes are designated for Venus petitiana d'Orbigny, 1842 and Pleurotoma lanceolata Hupé, 1854. Two new names are provided to remove homonymy: Inquisitor lingulacaninus for Pleurotoma lanceolata Hupé, 1854 non Reeve, 1845 and Palaeomelon jeffi for Voluta triplicata Sowerby, 1846 non Donovan, 1802. Whenever possible, type localities are as closely circumscribed as permitted by the data provided in the original references, later references by other authors, evidence drawn from the type material itself and personal survey of the putative localities. Entries are organised alphabetically under the original specific name. They are separated taxonomically into bivalves, gastropods and scaphopods.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against the Asian Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), by Using Cages in the Field

Abstract Three field experiments using cages were conducted in Anhui, China, to test the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against adult Asian longhorned beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky). The use of two commercially available Beauveria spp. strains, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Beauveria brongniartii (Saccardo) Petch, applied as cultures in fiber bands fastened around tree trunks, was compared with trunk sprays in the first cage experiment. Longevity of A. glabripennis was decreased by both strains compared with controls, with females killed earlier by B. brongniartii than by B. bassiana. This decrease in longevity was independent of the application method used. In addition, oviposition scars per cage and daily oviposition rate per female were also reduced by both strains, showing a sublethal effect of the entomopathogens. After 10 d, conidial viability was still high on the bands but was drastically reduced when the strains were sprayed onto tree trunks. In the second cage experiment, four strains, proven to be highly pathogenic in the laboratory, were applied as bands alone. During the second cage experiment, daily temperatures were much higher and relative humidities were much lower than during the first cage experiment, and these conditions probably reduced fungal pathogenicity and decreased the sublethal oviposition reduction effect. It was demonstrated that one other B. bassiana strain and one Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin strain reduced male A. glabripennis longevity. None of the four strains tested had any significant effect on A. glabripennis when applied as 15-d-old bands in a third field experiment.
Offensive Language Recognition in Social Media

This article proposes an approach to solving the problem of multiclassification within the framework of aggressive language recognition in Twitter. At the stage of preprocessing external data is added to the existing dataset, which is based on information in the links in dataset. This made it possible to expand the training dataset and there by to improve the quality of the classification. The model created is an ensemble of classical machine learning models included Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines, Naive Bayes models and a combination of Logistic Regression and Naive Bayes. The obtained value of macro F1-score for one of the experiments achieved 0.61, which exceeds the state-of-art published value by 1 percentage point. This indicates the potential value of the proposed approach in the field of hate speech recognition in social media.
Effect of Bt Corn for Corn Rootworm Control on Nontarget Soil Microarthropods and Nematodes

Abstract The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a major pest of corn in Kansas. Planting Bt corn hybrids resistant to this pest is being tested as a method to control the larval stage of corn rootworms. These hybrids express Cry3Bb1 toxin and are expected to only directly impact chrysomelids and possibly related taxa. Soil samples were examined to evaluate the effect of Bt corn for corn rootworm control on soil microarthropods and nematodes in Kansas in 2000 and 2001. Soil samples from soil close to Bt corn and to its isoline were taken on three occasions (early, mid, and late season) from eight locations in 2000 and three locations in 2001. Soil mites and Collembola were extracted using a modified Tullgren high-gradient extractor. Nematodes were extracted using a centrifugal-flotation procedure. In general, numbers of soil mites (Prostigmata, Mesostigmata, and Oribatei), Collembola, and nematodes were similar in soil planted with Bt corn and soil planted with its isoline.
Enzymatic Pre-Treatment of Cotton. Part 2: Peroxide Generation in Desizing Liquor and Bleaching

The objective of this study was to utilise desizing liquors of starch-sized fabrics using glucoseoxidase enzymes for bleach to produce hydrogen peroxide from glucose units of the starch removed; glucoseoxidase enzymes are efficient only at high glucose doses. In the first part of this paper, glucose generation in a desizing bath was discussed and an optimum recipe was obtained with an amyloglucodidase/pullanase mixture enzyme. In this study, process optimisation for the glucose oxidase enzyme was undertaken in order to generate hydrogen peroxide in the desizing liquor and then bleaching with the peroxide generated. Results indicated that sufficient hydrogen peroxide, about 800 mg l -1, could be generated to perform successful enzymatic bleaching; however, the bleaching was compatible with the conventional peroxide type only in the alkali pH range. The maximum whiteness obtained by enzymatic treatment was 73.8 Stensby degree, whereas the whiteness of the conventionally treated fabric was 79.4 Stensby degree.
The Causal Relationship Between of Perceived Teacher Affective Support with English Performance Mediated by Academic Enjoy, Academic Self-Efficacy and Self-Regulation Strategies

Current research aims to examine the causal model of the perceived Affective support of teacher with performance in English by mediation of academic Enjoy, self-efficacy and Self-Regulation in the first grade high school male students in Ahvaz by pathway analysis methods. One hundred and eighty first grades of high school male students in Ahvaz were selected using multistage (proportion) sampling method. The results of pathway analysis showed that the exogenous variable of perceived affective support of teacher is not significantly, directly related to endogenous variable of performance in English but is significantly related by mediating of academic enjoy, Self-Efficacy and Self-Regulation.International Journal of Life Sciences 10 (1) : 2016; 45-50
World Review and Keys to Genera of the Subfamily Inostemmatinae with Reassignment of the Taxa to the Platygastrinae and Sceliotrachelinae (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)

The subfamily Inostemmatinae is considered a symplesiomorphic assemblage and the genera currently classified here are reassigned either to the subfamily Platygastrinae or the Sceliotrachelinae. Forty-one genera are treated, of which 15 are classified in the Platygastrinae, viz . Acerotella Masner, Aceroteta Kozlov and Masner, Allostemma gen.nov., Almargella gen.nov., Annettella gen.nov., Inostemma Haliday, Iphitrachelus Walker, Isostasius Foerster, Magellanium gen.nov., Metaclisis Foerster, Orseta gen.nov., Proplatygaster Kieffer, Rao gen.nov., Sacespalus Kieffer, and Zelostemma gen.nov. Twenty-six genera are classified in the subfamily Sceliotrachelinae, viz. Afrisolia gen.nov., Aleyroctonus gen.nov., Alfredella gen.nov., Allotropa Foerster, Amitus Haldeman, Aphanomerella Dodd, Aphanomerus Perkins, Austromerus gen.nov., Calomerella gen.nov., Errolium gen.nov., Fidiobia Ashmead, Helava gen.nov., Isolia Foerster, Nanomerus gen.nov., Neobia gen.nov., Oligomerella gen.nov., Parabaeus Kieffer, Platygastoides Dodd, Platystasius Nixon, Plutomerus gen.nov., Pseudaphanomerus Szelenyi, Pulchrisolia Szabo, Sceliotrachelus Brues, Tetrabaeus Kieffer, Zelamerus gen.nov., and Zelandonota gen.nov. The following extant taxa are described: Afrisolia obesa gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ (South Africa), Aleyroctonus pilatus gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (Java), Alfredella tasmanica gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (Australia), Allostemma fuscum gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (Chile), Almargella cristata gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (Chile), Annettella gracilis gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (New Zealand), Austromerus grandis gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (Australia), Calomerella scutellata gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ (USA, Canada), Errolium piceum gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ (New Zealand), Helava alticola gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (Colombia, Venezuela, Peru), Magellanium furviceps gen.nov., sp.nov. ♂ (Chile), Nanomerus spinulus gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ (Chile), Neobia badia gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Trinidad [W.I.]), Oligomerella donnae gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ (Australia), Orseta ornate gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (Canada), Plutomerus gen.nov. for Platygastoides indicus Mukerjee ♀ (India, Nepal), Rao pselaphus gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (Australia), Zelamerus amicorum gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (New Zealand), Zelandonota kiwi gen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (New Zealand), and Zelostemma gen.nov. for Eurytoma oleariae Maskell ♀ ♂ (New Zealand). Fahringeria Kieffer is considered junior synonym of Fidiobia Ashmead; Nasdia Nixon and Platytropa Kozlov are considered junior synonyms of Allotropa Foerster. The above 41 genera are keyed, with separate keys to world genera and genera of America north of Mexico; with generic diagnoses, taxonomic remarks, distribution, biology, bibliography, and list of species described since Kieffer (1926). Higher classification and relationships of the above genera are discussed. Eighty-one plates with 258 figures (line drawings and micrographs) are included.
Case 3579Scarabaeus fimetarius Linnaeus, 1758 (currently Aphodius fimetarius; Insecta, Coleoptera, scarabaeidae): proposed conservation of usage of the specific name by designation of a neotype

Abstract. The purpose of this application, under Articles 75.5 and 75.6 of the Code, is to conserve the current usage of the name Aphodius fimetarius (Linnaeus, 1758) for a Holarctic species of aphodiine dung beetle. Since a different species has been erroneously designated as the lectotype, it is proposed that the previous type fixations for the species Aphodius fimetarius (Linnaeus, 1758) be set aside and a neotype consistent with the current usage be designated. Given that the species diagnostic morphological characters show variation overlapping with those of the most similar species, Aphodius pedellus (De Geer, 1774), we suggest a modern, chromosomally determined specimen as the neotype.
Rise of the Dormant: Simulated Disturbance Improves Culturable Abundance, Diversity, and Functions of Deep-Sea Bacteria of Central Indian Ocean Basin

The abundance of baroduric bacteria from nine sediment cores (0–10 cm below sea floor) was examined for their response to simulated benthic disturbance in the Central Indian basin (CIB). While the total counts of bacteria decreased from 109 to 106 g−1 dry wt sediment, the average retrievable counts (CFU-colony forming units) improved by two orders of magnitude, i.e., from 102 104 g−1 dry wt sediment. The baroduric retrievable forms were dominated by Acinetobacter and Moraxella sp before the disturbance. After the disturbance the generic diversity was represented by Staphylococcus sp, Enterobacter sp, Micrococcus sp, Coryneforms sp, and Pseudomonas sp in addition to Acinetobacter. These observations were corroborated by changes in enzymatic activities of the retrievable bacteria, which could lead to changes in the biochemical characteristics of the sediment. Thus the simulated disturbance brought about an increase in culturable abundance, taxonomic and functional diversity of deep-sea sediment of the CIB.
Evolution and maintenance of male care: is increased paternity a neglected benefit of care?

Male care often correlates positively with high paternity, both across and within species. This pattern is usually explained by the hypothesis that high paternity is a prerequisite for the evolution of male care because a male should be selected to invest only in his own offspring. However, here I use a simple model to show that this need not be the case. Rather, males providing care may enjoy better success in (avoiding) sperm competition, and the resulting increase in paternity can be sufficient to explain the evolution of male care. This scenario results in the same positive relationship between male care and paternity, but with reversed causality. Empirical examples from various taxa and mating systems support the idea that selection for male care through increased paternity is likely to be widespread. Importantly, a paternity benefit for caring males does not exclude other naturally and sexually selected benefits, such as higher offspring survival or increased mating success. Rather, these factors may reinforce one another. It is well known that nuptial gifts, which males of some insects provide for their mates, can increase both offspring fitness and the probability that the male fertilizes the eggs of the female. Less obviously, other types of male care, especially postzygotic care, also can lead to future paternity benefits. This idea has not yet penetrated into the theoretical framework concerned with the evolution and maintenance of male care. I believe it is high time for this to happen. Key words: extrapair fertilization, nest building, paternal care, paternity, sneaking, sperm competition. [Behav Ecol]
Notes on oviposition and demography of a shallow water population of the edible snail Zidona dufresnei (Caenogastropoda: Volutidae) living in San Antonio Bay (northern Patagonia, Argentina)

Zidona dufresnei (Donovan, 1823) is a big-sized and long-lived snail endemic to the south-western Atlantic where it dwells in sandy bottoms between five and 115 m; females lay big egg capsules from which crawling juveniles emerge. An unusual population of Z. dufresnei inhabits the low intertidal and shallow subtidal zone of San Antonio Bay, the southernmost location of the species, where it faces many threats. The aim of this study is to describe some of the demographic and reproductive characteristics of this population and to compare them to those located in northern zones. Monthly samples of adults and egg capsules were obtained from October to April and their position was recorded; snails and capsules were gathered for examination in the laboratory. Sex-ratio was near 1:1 for the whole sampling period and the size–frequency distributions were similar for both sexes; females were wider and heavier than males at the same shell length. Maximum shell length was 120.5 mm in our study and so no female reached the minimum size at first gonadal maturity reported for other populations (128 mm); female size seems to limit the capsule diameter and the number and size of embryos that are lower than in other populations. Egg capsule and adult densities in the intertidal zone peaked in February and March respectively, averaging 1.34 capsules and 1.91 snails by 100 m2 during the sampling period; egg capsule deposition elapsed from November to March and peaked in December; females select cobble by size to lay egg capsules. Due to its restricted distribution and the low juvenile and adult dispersal, the unusual Z. dufresnei population dwelling in San Antonio Bay seems to be quite vulnerable to diverse anthropogenic impacts.
Influence of dietary fat source on oxidative stability and fatty acid composition of milk from cows receiving a low or high level of dietary vitamin E

Fifteen primiparous Holsteins were used in a latin square design with three periods and three treatments to assess the effect of fat source on milk flavour, yield and composition, and composition of milk fat. A basal diet was supplemented with one of three concentrates offered twice daily: soybean meal (no supplemental fat); cracked, micronized soybeans (containing 20 g kg−1 oil); and soybean meal plus CSFA which supplies an amount of fat similar to that of the soybeans. Periods lasted 6 wk, and each cow received 6000 IU dL α-tocopheryl acetate d−1 for the last 2 wk of each period. Measurements of milk yield, composition and flavour were made at the end of weeks 4 and 6 of each period. Feeding CSFA reduced DM intake (P = 0.064), but fat supplemented diets tended to supply more NE1 than the unsupplemented diet (P = 0.085). Yields of milk (P < 0.001), fat (P < 0.001) and energy (P = 0.003) were increased by fat supplementation. Protein yield was reduced (P = 0.003) when CSFA were fed. Soybeans reduced fat c.
Improvement of old ber cv. Gola orchard through bunding and micro-nutrients management.

An experiment was conducted in 15-year-old established ber cv. Gola orchard.this orchard was showing zinc and boron deficiency and poor moisture retention.the plants were supplied with boron (0.3 and 0.6% borax) and zinc (0.2 and 0.4% zinc sulphate) at two stages viz., before flowering and after fruit set. Maximum fruit set (7.7%), minimum fruit drop (20.83%) and maximum fruit yield (7.29 t/ha) were recorded with 0.6% borax and 0.4% zinc sulphate combinations. Under normal rainfall bunding influenced the fruit yield (6.49 t/ha) through maintaining the sufficient moisture regime during fruit growth and development phase.the physico-chemical composition of fruit was significantly influenced with foliar spray of 0.3–0.6% borax and 0.2–0.4% zinc sulphate.the tree produced 0.88 - 1.09 t leaves (pala) utilised as fodder by goats during lean period (April-May).