Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monsoonal Influence on Typhoon Morakot (2009). Part II: Numerical Study

AbstractIn the second part of this study, numerical experiments are conducted to investigate the influences of multi-time-scale monsoonal flows on the track change of Typhoon Morakot (2009). While the control simulation captures the slowing and northward deflections in the vicinity of Taiwan Island, the highly asymmetric rainfall structure, and the associated rainfall pattern, sensitivity experiments suggest that the westward movement prior to the landfall on Taiwan and the subsequent northward shifts in the vicinity of Taiwan were closely associated with the interaction between Morakot and multi-time-scale monsoonal flows.Prior to the landfall on Taiwan, Morakot moved westward directly toward Taiwan because of a synoptic wave train–like pattern, which consisted of Goni over mainland China, Morakot, and a cyclone over the western North Pacific with an anticyclone to the west of Morakot. Numerical simulation suggests that strong northerly winds between Morakot and the anticyclone reduced the northward stee.
Core Versus Satellite: How Much Should a Taxable Investor Allocate to the Core Equity Portfolio?

This article examines the question facing taxable investors: How much of the equity portfolio should be invested in a tax-managed core portfolio versus active satellite managers? Historical simulations, which vary the level of active management skill, demonstrate the trade-offs between excess returns, turnover, and taxes. The authors’ results suggest that even in the presence of skilled active managers, the allocation to the core portfolio should exceed 50% for most investors. For taxable investors with moderate levels of aversion to risk, they find that the optimal allocation to the core portfolio should typically be greater than 50%, even if one expects satellite managers to deliver pretax excess returns of up to 4%. If investors are highly risk averse or expect lower levels of alpha from the satellite managers, then the optimal allocation is higher.
On the Fourier coefficients of automorphic forms at various cusps and some applications to Rankin's convolution

For an automorphic form $f(z)$ on the upper-half-plane with respect to a Fuchsian group $\Gamma$ , we can consider the Fourier expansion of $f(z)$ at each parabolic cusp of $\Gamma$ . In a certain case, as we shall see in this paper, there is a simple relation among the Fourier coefficients at the various cusps. We treat the case where $\Gamma=\Gamma_{0}(N)$ and $f(z)$ is a new form of Neben type in the sense of Atkin, Lehner and Miyake ([2], [7]). We assume that the level $N$ is square-free. Then, the Fourier coefficients are canonically defined, since a cusp is transformed to any other cusp by an element of the normalizer of $\Gamma$ . In this situation, we can state the relation in an explicit form (Theorems 1 and 2), namely if the coefficients at one cusp are given then we can immediately know all n-th coefficients at other cusps, whether $n$ and the level $N$ are coprime or not. In the latter part (\S 2), after some preparations on Eisenstein series we shall give some applications of the above result to Rankin’s convolution of Dirichlet series, namely we generalize a result of Ogg [10] to a case of Neben type (Theorem 3), and we also try to remove the condition of Prime discriminant in Naganuma’s work [8] (Theorem 4). On Rankin’s convolution, Jacquet ([5]) seems to have treated in a more general point of view, and his theory may contain our results in essential. NOTATION. As usual, by $Z,$ $Q,$ $C$, we denote the ring of rational integers, the field of rational numbers and the field of complex numbers, respectively.
Blowup Behavior of Radial Solutions to Jäger-Luckhaus System in High Dimensional Domains

In this paper, we will consider the blowup and the time-global existence of radial solutions to a simplified system of the so called Keller-Segel model in a domain of three or more dimensional Euclidean space. In the two dimensional case, the blowup solutions have a delta function singularity at each blowup point (see [13]). However, in the three dimensional case, Herrero, Medina and Velazquez [7] show that there exist self-similar blowup solutions and that the solutions have a singularity which is different from a delta function singularity. In this paper, we will consider the blowup criterion and the blowup self-similar solutions in the three or more dimensional cases.
Ensemble Kalman Filter Assimilation of Radar Observations of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City Supercell: Influences of Reflectivity Observations on Storm-Scale Analyses

Abstract Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) techniques have been proposed for obtaining atmospheric state estimates on the scale of individual convective storms from radar and other observations, but tests of these methods with observations of real convective storms are still very limited. In the current study, radar observations of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City tornadic supercell thunderstorm were assimilated into the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) Collaborative Model for Multiscale Atmospheric Simulation (NCOMMAS) with an EnKF method. The cloud model employed 1-km horizontal grid spacing, a single-moment bulk precipitation-microphysics scheme, and a base state initialized with sounding data. A 50-member ensemble was produced by randomly perturbing base-state wind profiles and by regularly adding random local perturbations to the horizontal wind, temperature, and water vapor fields in and near observed precipitation. In a reference experiment, only Doppler-velocity observations were assimilated into .
Negative Surges in the Meghna Estuary in Bangladesh

Abstract Negative surges destroy coastal aquaculture installations and hinder rescue–evacuation operations during cyclones and storm surges in the Meghna estuary in Bangladesh. The influence of the characteristics of the cyclones striking the Noakhali–Chittagong–Cox’s Bazar coast on the negative surges in the Meghna estuary is examined. This study uses a (1/120)° resolution numerical model, which includes the offshore islands and bathymetric details of the worst-affected northernmost part of the Meghna estuary. The model was verified by the observed data of official agencies like the Bangladesh Department of Hydrography. The negative surges in the Meghna estuary are found to have a duration of 4–6 h, occurring before the main surge. The negative surges in the region show remarkable sensitivity to the astronomical tides and to the propagation path of a cyclone. The mechanism of negative surges in the Meghna estuary is also discussed.
On the Hausdorff dimensions of distance sets

If E is a subset of ℝn (n ≥ 1) we define the distance set of E asThe best known result on distance sets is due to Steinhaus [11], namely, that, if E ⊂ ℝn is measurable with positive n-dimensional Lebesgue measure, then D(E) contains an interval [0, e) for some e > 0. A number of variations of this have been examined, see Falconer [6, p. 108] and the references cited therein.
L to H mode transition: parametric dependencies of the temperature threshold

The L to H mode transition occurs at a critical power which depends on various parameters, such as the magnetic field, the density, etc. Experimental evidence on various tokamaks (JET, ASDEX-Upgrade, DIII-D, Alcator C-Mod) points towards the existence of a critical temperature characterizing the transition. This criterion for the L-H transition is local and is therefore easier to be compared to theoretical approaches. In order to shed light on the mechanisms of the transition, simple theoretical ideas are used to derive a temperature threshold (Tth). They are based on the stabilization of the underlying turbulence by a mean radial electric field shear. The nature of the turbulence varies as the collisionality decreases, from resistive ballooning modes to ion temperature gradient and trapped electron modes. The obtained parametric dependencies of the derived Tth are tested versus magnetic field, density, effective charge. Various robust experimental observations are reproduced, in particular Tth increases with magnetic field B and increases with density below the density roll-over observed on the power threshold.
SIMPLIFIED DYNAMIC EQUATIONS APPLIED TO THE ROTATING-BASIN EXPERIMENTS

Abstract By means of truncated Fourier-Bessel series, a two-layer geostrophic “numerical-prediction” model with heating and friction is reduced to a set of eight ordinary nonlinear differential equations in eight dependent variables. These equations allow the presence of disturbances of a single wave number. They permit the occurrence of baroclinic but not barotropic instability. They possess appropriate energy invariants if heating and friction are temporarily suppressed. The simplified equations are applied to the flow of a liquid in a symmetrically heated rotating basin. Exact solutions are determined for the steady Hadley and Rossby regimes, and the criterion for the stability of the Hadley regime is obtained. For high rotation rates the criterion for the disappearance of an established Rossby regime differs from the criterion for the onset of a Rossby regime. The equations are modified to allow for the presence of several wave numbers simultaneously. Each wave number interacts with the zonal flow, bu.
Rate coefficients for the Li+/H− and Li−/H+ mutual neutralization reactions

Rate coefficients have been calculated for temperatures up to 10 000 K for the mutual neutralization of Li+ and H− from cross-section calculations based on ab initio molecular potentials and couplings. Landau--Zener estimates are provided for the corresponding reaction in Li− and H+. Comparison is made with the results for the H+/H− reaction.
Learning algorithms with optimal stability in neural networks

To ensure large basins of attraction in spin-glass-like neural networks of two-state elements xi imu =+or-1. The authors propose to study learning rules with optimal stability Delta , where delta is the largest number satisfying Delta <or=( Sigma j Jij xi jmu ) xi imu ; mu =1. p: i=1. N (where N is the number of neurons and p is the number of patterns). They motivate this proposal and provide optimal stability learning rules for two different choices of normalisation for the synaptic matrix (Jij). In addition, numerical work is presented which gives the value of the optimal stability for random uncorrelated patterns.
Modelling the low‐latitude boundary layer with reconnection entry

The authors develop a one-dimensional Low-Latitude Boundary Layer (LLBL) model for northward IMF. The boundary layer in this model is uniform in the direction normal to the magnetopause, a `plateau-type` boundary layer. The boundary layer motion is decoupled from the magnetosheath motion and driven by the plasma pressure associated with the incoming solar wind plasma near local noon, which has become entrained on closed field lines as a result of reconnection in the cusp region. Dissipation in the ionosphere at the feet of the boundary layer field lines opposes this motion. There are two physical solutions for the model. In one, the boundary layer reaches a terminal velocity in the tail as the boundary layer plasma effectively joins the solar wind flow. In the other solution, the flow is nearly stopped in the far tail. In combination with other mechanisms, this latter solution may correspond to the case in which the boundary layer plasma participates in magnetospheric convection and returns sunward. The density, velocity, and thickness as functions of distance from local noon are studied, assuming that the magnetopause has elliptical shape and the magnetospheric field is dipolar.
Control of Open Bay Acoustics by Harmonic Mass Injection

Aircraft with internal carriage of weapons systems require active control strategies to limit high amplitude open bay acoustic resonances and to optimize structure requirements and weapon reliability in an enlarged separation envelope. This paper is focused on communicating an investigation into the use of numerical simulations combined with Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to optimize an active control system for an aircraft weapons bay application. Issues addressed include characterizing shear layer and wake resonant responses, optimal steady blowing rates, the effect of open loop harmonic perturbations, use of POD for post processing data to reduce storage requirements, and the use of the Nelder-Mead optimization procedure. Comparison of the wake and shear layer responses shows why no aircraft would ever want to experience a wake response. This study intends to develop flow instability suppression strategies that may be scalable for implementation in a weapons bay application. A lower Reynolds number flow is considered here, which can be modeled numerically with the computational resources currently available. As the essential flow physics of some cavity instabilities are mainly inviscid, it is expected that control techniques for the shear-layer instability mode may be reasonably scaled. This work focuses primarily on a freestream flow at M=0.85 with a cavity of aspect ratio L/D = 4.5. The results include the use of steady blowing injection up to M = 0.9 and harmonic forcing perturbations ranging in amplitude from M=0.005 to M=0.45. In the parameter space examined mass injection (displacement effect) has the largest effect and momentum considerations are minor. The best observed forcing reduced the buffet loading metrics by approximately 17 dB.
A POSSIBLE DETECTION OF A FAST-MODE EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET WAVE ASSOCIATED WITH A MINI CORONAL MASS EJECTION OBSERVED BY THE SOLAR DYNAMICS OBSERVATORY

“Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) waves” are large-scale wavelike transients often associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In this Letter, we present a possible detection of a fast-mode EUV wave associated with a mini-CME observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory. On 2010 December 1, a small-scale EUV wave erupted near the disk center associated with a mini-CME, which showed all the low corona manifestations of a typical CME. The CME was triggered by the eruption of a mini-filament, with a typical length of about 30″. Although the eruption was tiny, the wave had the appearance of an almost semicircular front and propagated at a uniform velocity of 220–250 km s−1 with very little angular dependence. The CME lateral expansion was asymmetric with an inclination toward north, and the southern footprints of the CME loops hardly shifted. The lateral expansion resulted in deep long-duration dimmings, showing the CME extent. Comparing the onset and the initial speed of the CME, the wave was likely triggered by the rapid expansion of the CME loops. Our analysis confirms that the small-scale EUV wave is a true wave, interpreted as a fast-mode wave.
Image denoising with second-order wedgelets

In this paper, the new adaptive geometrical multiresolution technique of image denoising based on second-order wedgelets is proposed. The results of denoising are compared with the other well-known multiresolution techniques, which are based on wavelets, curvelets and wedgelets. These methods are seen as representatives of different approaches of image approximation. All these approaches were described in detail and compared in the area of image denoising. From the experiments performed on tested images, it follows that the proposed method gives better results of denoising in comparison with the other described methods, especially for images with a well-defined geometry.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS OF THE ANISOTROPIC ELASTIC SOLID WITH AN ELLIPTIC INCLUSION

The two-dimensional elliptic inclusion problems have been widely studied and many important results have been obtained. Solutions for which the inclusion as well as the matrix are of general anisotropic elastic materials are presented in this paper using the Stroh formalism. New identities which relate Stroh's complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors to real quantities obtainable directly from the elastic constants are derived, through which several solutions are expressed in real form. The special cases in which inclusion is rigid or a void are also studied
On the existence of minimal Seifert manifolds

Abstract For n ≥ 3, an n-knot K has a minimal Seifert manifold if and only if its group is isomorphic to an HNN-extension with finitely presented base. In this case, any Seifert manifold for K can be converted to a minimal Seifert manifold for K by some finite sequence of ambient 0- and 1-surgeries.
Measurements of positron-methane differential scattering cross sections

Relative differential cross sections (DCS{close_quote}s) have been measured for 4 to 200 eV e{sup +}-CH{sub 4} quasielastic scattering (elastic scattering plus rotational and vibrational excitations) from 30{degree} to 135{degree} in a crossed-beam experiment. The observed DCS behavior, including diffraction effects at low energies, is very similar to that found earlier for e{sup +}-Ar elastic scattering. Comparisons between (e{sup +},e{sup {minus}})-(CH{sub 4},Ar) DCS measurements suggest that observed diffraction effects may be correlated with the sign of the net interaction potential and the degree of spherical symmetry of the target. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Applicability of tooth size predictions in the mixed dentition space analysis in Nalgonda population

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the Tanaka-Johnston and Moyer's methods for predicting the size of permanent canines and premolars in Nalgonda population. Materials and Methods: 200 sets of dental casts (13-16 years) of the permanent dentition with no detected abnormalities were obtained from children attending in and around the schools of Nalgonda. The actual mesiodistal crown diameters were measured with digital vernier calipers (Zoom, Japan) to accuracy of 0.01 mm. The actual values were then compared with the predicted values derived from the Tanaka and Johnston equations and Moyer's probability tables. Correlation and linear regression analyses were performed between the predicted and the actual tooth size and standard regression equations were developed. Results: In the present study, Tanaka and Johnston regression equation overestimated the mesiodistal widths of permanent canine and premolars (P Conclusion: Tanaka and Johnston analysis overestimated the actual widths of the unerupted canines and premolars in the maxillary and mandibular arches of male and female subjects of Nalgonda population. New standardized regression equations were formulated for the prediction of the mesiodistal widths of unerupted canines and premolars. Moyer's prediction tables can be used at all probability levels for male and female subjects of Nalgonda.
ON THE UNBIASEDNESS PROPERTY OF AIC FOR EXACT OR APPROXIMATING LINEAR STOCHASTIC TIME SERIES MODELS

A rigorous analysis is given of the asymptotic bias of the log maximum likelihood as an estimate of the expected log likelihood of the maximum likelihood model, when a linear model, such as an invertible, gaussian ARMA (p, q) model, with or without parameter constraints, is fit to stationary, possibly non-gaussian observations. It is assumed that these data arise from a model whose spectral density function either (i) coincides with that of a member of the class of models being fit, or, that failing, (ii) can be well-approximated by invertible ARMA (p, q) model spectral density functions in the class, whose ARMA coefficients are parameterized separately from the innovations variance. Our analysis shows that, for the purpose of comparing maximum likelihood models from different model classes, Akaike's AIC is asymptotically unbiased, in case (i), under gaussian or separate parametrization assumptions, but is not necessarily unbiased otherwise. In case (ii), its asymptotic bias is shown to be of the order of a number less than unity raised to the power max {p, q} and so is negligible if max {p, q} is not too small. These results extend and complete the somewhat heuristic analysis given by Ogata (1980) for exact or approximating autoregressive models.
Variety of the cosmic plasmas: General variable-coefficient Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation with experimental/observational support

Plasmas are known as the most abundant form of matter in the Universe. Nowadays, with respect to the cosmic plasmas, considerable efforts have been put into investigating the experimentally relevant Korteweg-de Vries (KdV)-Burgers–type equations. In this letter, with plenty of experimental/observational support presented, symbolic computation on a general variable-coefficient KdV-Burgers equation is performed, which covers the models for a variety of the cosmic plasmas. An auto-Bäcklund transformation is constructed out, along with two families of the analytic solitonic solutions, for the electrostatic wave potential, perturbation of the magnitude of the magnetic field, fluctuation of electron or ion density, or radial-direction component of the velocity of ions or dust particles. Both our auto-Bäcklund transformation and solitonic solutions depend on the cosmic-plasma parameters by way of the nonlinearity, dispersion, dissipation and geometric-effect coefficient functions, as to the ion-acoustic, magnetoacoustic, electron-acoustic, positron-acoustic, dust-acoustic and quantum dust-ion-acoustic waves. The shock structures from our analytic investigation agree well with to those experimentally reported. Certain effects of a cosmic-plasma system, described by such variable coefficients, might be detected by the future plasma experiments/observations.
Investigation of mechanical dissipation in CO2 laser-drawn fused silica fibres and welds

The planned upgrades to the LIGO gravitational wave detectors include monolithic mirror suspensions to reduce thermal noise. The mirrors will be suspended using CO2 laser-drawn fused silica fibres. We present here measurements of mechanical dissipation in synthetic fused silica fibres drawn using a CO2 laser. The level of dissipation in the surface layer is investigated and is found to be at a similar level to fibres produced using a gas flame. Also presented is a method for examining dissipation at welded interfaces, showing clear evidence of the existence of this loss mechanism which forms an additional component of the total detector thermal noise. Modelling of a typical detector suspension configuration shows that the thermal noise contribution from this loss source will be negligible.
Perfect periodic photonic quasi-crystals

The new term "Perfectly Periodic Photonic Quasi-Crystals" (P3QC) applies to 2-D and 3-D dielectric arrangements that posses a high rotational order about a central pivot point (standard photonic quasi-crystal) and in the same pattern posses a radial periodicity as viewed from the same central pivot point. These structures display no translational symmetry as associated with standard photonic crystals. In a 2-D structure, P3QC periodicity is observed for the polar coordinates (r, φ) and a unit cell of surface dS =rdrd θ serves as the building block of the pattern at each of the radial "Lattice Points". A generating algorithm based on orthogonal functions is used to produce many different types of P3QC patterns for latter analysis through FDTD simulations. The presence of bandgaps in the transmission spectrum for these structures is observed when the dielectric fill factor, rotational order and dielectric contrast are carefully selected. Central localized light states are commonly observed in these structures.
Area and Perimeter: Preservice Teachers' Confusion.

Measurement topics, including perimeter and area, are basic to the competency domain of elementary teachers. This study examines solution strategies, used by elementary preservice teachers, to find the perimeter and area of a shaded geometric figure. Many of these preservice teachers incorrectly found the perimeter of the figure by the same method they used to find the area. Examination of incorrect strategies by preservice teachers provides an opportunity to investigate inadequacies in the mathematical backgrounds of these students as well as to make curriculum changes in teacher education programs.