Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trade-off between fast growth and the ossification process in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

The relationship between growth rate and ossification is not consistent among fish. In some species, fast-growing individuals ossify earlier, while in other species, a trade-off between growth rate and ossification exists. This research was conducted to test the hypothesis about the existence of a trade-off mechanism in common carp offspring. For this purpose, specimens from two groups of common carp offspring (96 in total) with different growth rates were sampled at multiple time points between 5 and 29 days post-hatching. The standard length was measured and presented in correlation with the days post-hatching. To evaluate the skeletal system development, whole specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and stained for bone and cartilage. Particular emphasis was placed on the onset of ossification in the clearly visible bones of the head, vertebral column, and fins. According to our findings, larger, fastgrowing specimens ossify earlier. The hypothesis on the existence of a trade-off between fast growth and the onset of ossification in common carp was not confirmed in our study.
Optimization of the Alcoholic Concentration Obtained From Sugary Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) by Response Surface Methodology

Sugary cassava or mandiocaba is a cassava variety of potential use for bioethanol production. In this study, laboratory-scale fermentations were carried out in a bioreactor with a working volume of 1L, using the yeast strain LNF CAT-1. A central composite design (CCD) was applied to determine the extent to which pH, temperature, and yeast concentration influence ethanol production with the aim of improving the fermentation process. The individual effects and the interaction of these factors were analyzed using a surface response method. Physicochemical properties of the material were also investigated and the analysis of root characterization showed high moisture content (~91%) and a low amount of starch (~4.0%), ash values close to 1.0%, total fibers 0.4%, proteins 0.15%, and lipids 0.1%. The results obtained from the wort presented a low acidity (~0.2%), pH close to neutrality (~6.5%), total soluble solids values of ~5.8%, glucose content ~2.3%, fructose ~1.0%, and sucrose ~1.2%. The second-order polynomial regression model determined that the maximum ethanol production of 2.8% (v/v) would be obtained when the optimum pH, temperature, and yeast concentration were ~5.0, 32-36 oC, and ~10-14 g L-1, respectively.
Evaluative Language of Male and Female Film Critics in Atomic Blonde Movie Reviews: An Appraisal Study with Gendered Perspective

Researches on language and gender always have the potential to trigger a debate. As a qualitative research implementing a descriptive comparative method with systemic functional discourse analysis and combining Miles & Huberman's [1] interactive model with Spradley’s [2] ethnographic steps, this study explores how male and female film critics review Atomic Blonde movie. Instead of suggesting any universal mapping on how men and women evaluate, this research gives shreds of evidence that power relation and ideological identity have to do with how and why one’s language exploitation in evaluating things is different than the others’, making this study as a further demonstration of the recent trend in language and gender research: to focus on the context surrounding the text, not on the gender of the text producer.
Occupational Therapy Student Readiness for Transition to the Fieldwork Environment: A Pilot Case Study

The classroom and the field represent diverse and unique teaching and learning environments that students are required to navigate successfully. Facilitating student success in these environments requires the efforts of educators and the students themselves. This qualitative pilot study sought to elucidate perspectives regarding student readiness from the viewpoint of occupational therapy academic and fieldwork educators. Data for the study was collected from interviews and a focus group. The results of the study revealed that academic and fieldwork educators value similar characteristics of student readiness for transition to fieldwork. However, there is a need for collaborative strategies between the academic and fieldwork settings to improve awareness of the value of theory-driven practice and to support authentic incorporation of theory into practice as part of the educative process of supervising fieldwork students. Comments The author reports no potential conflicts of interest.
The Economics of Climate Change

This paper summarizes the economics of climate change. We first review the basics of climate science and the historical evolution of greenhouse gas emissions. We then discuss the relation between climate change and economics and assess the economic costs, direct and indirect, of climate change. These costs are uncertain and sensitive to the choice of discount rate, but overall, the expected costs are economically significant, and early mitigation efforts may be more cost-effective than later actions. We discuss the tradeoffs associated with different potential actions, such as carbon taxation and cap-and-trade programs. Finally, we examine the implications of climate change for asset pricing and investment choices.
Long-Term Visceral Hypersensitivity Following Induction of Chemical Colitis is Primarily Reduced via Kappa Opiate Pathways - A Comparative Study of Different Opioidergic Subtypes

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal syndrome characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in the absence of any organic cause. Although IBS represents 25 to 50 percent of all referrals to gastroenterologists [1] and is the second most frequent cause for work absenteeism after common cold [2]. It remains a chronic condition without any generally accepted and successful therapy for all IBS patients. Clinical studies have traditionally brought attention to colonic motility as potential cause for the symptoms associated with IBS. One study described 3cpm (contractions per minute) in the unstimulated colon in patients with IBS compared to 6cpm in controls [3]. Other studies have described selective hypersensitization of visceral afferent nerves in the gut in IBS patients based upon the observation that many patients with IBS have lower tolerance for rectal balloon distension than controls [4,5]. Interestingly, epidemiological studies have revealed in IBS patients an increased prevalence of persistent ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Jarosite-type precipitates mediated by YN22, Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, and their influences on strain

为了在 jarosite 类型的性质上有更好的理解，猛抛由 Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans 综合了， S 的进化。 调停 thermosulfidooxidans 的降水和这种上的 precipitate 的影响， S 的最新孤立的紧张(YN22 ) 。 thermosulfidooxidans 在在最佳的条件下面作为精力来源包含 Fe2+ 的媒介是有教养的(pH 1.5， 53 ? 楦摤敬Ш
Buckycatcher polymer versus fullerene‐buckycatcher complex: Which is stronger?

The C60H28 buckycatcher (BC) is an excellent host for fullerenes. This receptor features two corannulene pincers which trap C60/C70 via π stacking interactions. Although, the formation of C60@C60H28 complexes is readily observed, the dimerization of C60H28 is not a competitive process, even at high concentrations. By means of first principle calculations, we have studied the thermodynamics of the polymerization of BCs and the formation of fullerene complexes. The results obtained with the M06-2X, B97-D, B3LYP-D3BJ, PBE-D2, and PBE-D3 functionals indicated that the interaction energy of (C60H28)2 is larger than the one computed for C60@C60H28, by 8–10 kcal/mol. Because of the greater number of atoms, and due to the presence of more hydrogens, the inclusion of free energy corrections lowers the energetic separation between (C60H28)2 and C60@C60H28, even though the dimer maintains its position as being slightly more bound than that of the C60@C60H28. Our calculations indicated that up to the C60H28 trimer could be formed with a free energy change larger than that corresponding to the dimerization and fullerene complexation processes. Finally, we found that the inversion of the corannulene pincers attached to the cyclooctatetraene core is 2–3 kcal/mol lower than that corresponding to free corannulene. We expect that this work can motivate new investigations that may lead to the observation of C60H28 polymers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crack Width and Propagation in Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete Beams Reinforced with Steel Fibres

Reducing the crack width is a vital feature for protecting rebars from corrosion. In this investigation, the impact of steel fibres (SFs) on the cracking of recycled coarse aggregate reinforced concrete (RCARC) beams was investigated. Twenty-seven reinforced concrete (RC) experimental samples (150 mm × 200 mm × 1500 mm) were manufactured. Shear rebars were considered with different spacings. Specimens were tested under a four-point flexural setup. Recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) from a destroyed building was employed at 0%, 50% and 100% by weight. SFs were added at three contents (0%, 1% and 2%) in order to reduce the crack width. The mid-span load–displacement relationship and the crack propagation and width were measured during the tests. Therefore, this study intended to assess the impact of utilising RCA and natural coarse aggregate on cracks’ spacing and propagation in RC beams when SFs were employed. The obtained outcomes were compared with the requirements of CSA S474, NS 3473E, EC2-04, CEB-FIP and ACI 224R-01. It was found that enough shear rebars should be provided through the beams to control the crack width and propagation, but that SFs enhanced the bending performance of RCARC with no shear rebars.
Values of urinalysis dipstick in evaluating high-protein, low-carbohydrate, low-fat diets in male wistar rats

One popular diet pattern currently recommends a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet as a weight-loss strategy in obese patients. Diets high in protein appear to reduce appetite, energy intake, body weight, and fat buildup. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of long-term high-protein, low-carbohydrate and low-fat (TPRKRL) diets on body function. With a focus on urine analysis using the urinalysis dipstick and the Urine Analyzer Verify U120 tool from 22 samples of male Wistar rats that were given the standard diet and the TPRKRL diet for 8 weeks. The results showed that the TPRKRL diet on 8 variables had lower mean values than standard rats and there were significant differences in leukocyte counts, pH, specific gravity, ketones and bilirubin between the two groups. Whereas in the urobilinogen, protein and blood variables there were no significant differences. As well as other parameters namely nitrite and glucose abnormal abnormalities were not found.
Long-Run Money Demand Function and Stability among Sixteen (16) West Africa Countries

This study employs annual time series data from 1982 to 2019 for sixteen (16) West Africa countries to investigate the stability of money demand in these countries and the feasibility of the proposed West African Monetary Zone. From a standard money demand function to a bounds test method, co-integration and error correction model, we found significant heterogeneity and divergence across the sixteen (16) countries. The highlight of the findings is that co-integration of the money demand function is only recorded in Ghana but exhibited partial stability from the CUSUMSQ (cumulative sum squared) test. In Nigeria, the biggest economy in West Africa has no co-integration and is only partially stable from the results of the CUSUM test. The significant divergence across these countries as indicated by the test of co-integration, CUSUM (cumulative sum) test, CUSUMSQ (cumulative sum squared) test, the short and long-run factors and error correction in the event of a shock, makes it crucial for the need to include country specific idiosyncratic monetary policy features in the event of a monetary zone in West Africa, and crucial to ensure convergence in their money demand function.
Metaphor and theory in island archaeology

Abstract Anthropologists after World War II were vocal in saying the apparent remoteness and marginality of islands in the Pacific made them laboratories of a sort. In 1997, however, Terry Hunt, Chris Gosden, and I reported that by then another research agenda had replaced this old one in the Pacific. Rather than seeing these islands as distant and undeveloped human colonies scattered across a vast and empty expanse of sea, modern scholarship was discovering the Pacific had long been a sphere of human accomplishments, and the ocean itself had long been an avenue for interchange, not a barrier to human affairs. Today, however, it seems we were being too optimistic. Islands are still often described in ways suggesting they are basically remote, isolated, and bounded miniature worlds. As a scientific category, however, islands vary in their size, shape, environmental characteristics, degree of isolation, and the like, and I would argue that it is not a foregone conclusion that working on islands has a decided edge over doing field work anywhere else on Earth.
Evaluating the Shinumo-Sespe drainage connection: Arguments against the “old” (70–17 Ma) Grand Canyon models for Colorado Plateau drainage evolution

The provocative hypothesis that the Shinumo Sandstone in the depths of Grand Canyon was the source for clasts of orthoquartzite in conglomerate of the Sespe Formation of coastal California, if verified, would indicate that a major river system flowed southwest from the Colorado Plateau to the Pacific Ocean prior to opening of the Gulf of California, and would imply that Grand Canyon had been carved to within a few hundred meters of its modern depth at the time of this drainage connection. The proposed Eocene Shinumo-Sespe connection, however, is not supported by detrital zircon nor paleomagnetic-inclination data and is refuted by thermochronology that shows that the Shinumo Sandstone of eastern Grand Canyon was >60 °C (∼1.8 km deep) and hence not incised at this time. A proposed 20 Ma (Miocene) Shinumo-Sespe drainage connection based on clasts in the Sespe Formation is also refuted. We point out numerous caveats and non-unique interpretations of paleomagnetic data from clasts. Further, our detrital zircon analysis requires diverse sources for Sespe clasts, with better statistical matches for the four “most-Shinumo-like” Sespe clasts with quartzites of the Big Bear Group and Ontario Ridge metasedimentary succession of the Transverse Ranges, Horse Thief Springs Formation from Death Valley, and Troy Quartzite of central Arizona. Diverse thermochronologic and geologic data also refute a Miocene river pathway through western Grand Canyon and Grand Wash trough. Thus, Sespe clasts do not require a drainage connection from Grand Canyon or the Colorado Plateau and provide no constraints for the history of carving of Grand Canyon. Instead, abundant evidence refutes the “old” (70–17 Ma) Grand Canyon models and supports a <6 Ma Grand Canyon.
Comparative Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Activities of Some Wild and Cultivated Blueberries from Romania

Two wild and three cultivated blueberry varieties (‘Elliot’, ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Duke’) from Romania were analyzed comparatively in order to determine the total polyphenols, total anthocyanins, total flavonoids content and measuring the antioxidant activity using three different single electron transfer-based assays, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (ABTS), ferric reducing ability (FRAP), 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazil radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) and one hydrogen atom transfer-assay, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Total polyphenols content ranged from 424.84 - 819.12 mg GAE/100 g FW, total flavonoids ranged from 84.33-112.5 mg QE /100 g FW and total anthocyanins ranged from 100.58-300.02 C3GE/100g FW. The anthocyanins were separated and quantified using RP-HPLC-DAD. In Vaccinium myrtillus, petunidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin-3-glucoside have the highest contribution to the anthocyanin content while in Vaccinium corymbosum, peonidin-3-galactoside represent the major anthocyanin. Except for ORAC assay (r=0.765), all antioxidant activity values obtained were highly correlated with total polyphenol content (0.923≤ r ≤0.986). Wild blueberries had higher total polyphenols content and also antioxidant activity compared with cultivated ones.
Factors influencing the transition of pharmacy students from pre-clinical to clinical years at university

Introduction: The transition to clinical studies can be a source of stress, though little is known about how pharmacy students manage this transition. This mixed-methods study investigated factors influencing student transition from pre-clinical to clinical years of an Australian pharmacy degree. Methods: Students rated and discussed their confidence in performing pharmacy-related skills, factors influencing their ability to carry out these skills and key enabling factors and barriers that influenced their transition. Results: Differences in teaching and assessment style and placement workload affected the transition experience. Self-confidence in the clinical learning environment was enhanced by patient contact, previous pharmacy work experience, case-based learning and supportive placement supervisors. A perceived lack of relevance of pre-clinical learning and heavy workload during placement were major barriers to a smooth transition. Conclusions: Support systems are essential to foster transition into the clinical learning environment with confidence and effective application of theoretical knowledge to real-world practice.
Enterprise risk management and firm performance: Empirical evidence from Ghana equity market

Abstract This paper examines the linear and non-linear relationship between Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and firm performance while focusing on how operational status (financial and non-financial listed firms’ status) affects this relationship in Ghana. Analysis of 30 listed firms on Ghana Stock Exchange between 2010 and 2016 in a robust fixed effect and random effect estimation techniques, presented new insights into ERM literature. We showed that ERM propels firm performance at both the firm level (return on assets and equity) and market level (Tobin Q) performance of listed firms in Ghana. A non-linear inverted U-shape is observed when return on equity is employed as a performance indicator while a non-linear direct U-shape is observed when return on assets and Tobin Q are employed as performance indicators. A non-linear relationship exists between ERM and performance of listed firms in Ghana whether the non-linearity is an inverted U shape or direct U shape depends on the firm performance. This paper recommends that firms should implement fundamental robust measures and dynamic risk management techniques to get better ERM outcome. Enterprise Risk Management should be implemented in both financial firms and non-financial firms because firms which practice ERM are more likely to perform better than Non-ERM counterparts.
Phenotypic and Genotypic characterization of the pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cultured Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in Egypt.

Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) is an omnivorous fresh water fish originating from the Mekong River in Vietnam (Rodríguez et al., 2018). Panga has several names as sutchi catfish, striped catfish, iridescent shark-catfish, or tra fish, it has high acceptability by consumers due to its low price, good taste and white meat that can replace cod or other expensive white fishes (Little et al., 2012 ; Guimarães et al., 2016). Recently, Pangasius become one of the best aquaculture candidates in several countries as it can be cultured easily in ponds, concrete tanks or fish cages, it has the ability to survive at high stocking density, poor water quality, low oxygen levels and can easily accept external feeding. Moreover, it considered as a fast growing fish with high yield production and disease resistant that meet up the farmer‟s demand. (Hill and Hill, 1994; Ali and Haque, 2011; Vaishnav et al., 2017). ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
EYL in Indonesia: Implementations, Problems, and Challenges

English is becoming more and more important language in th2 21 st century. To respond this condition, some countries start introducing English to their school students earlier. In the newest Curriculum 2013, Indonesian government changes the status of English in elementary school to be an extracurricular activity which was stated as a local content in the previous curriculum. This policy becomes a great concern for some teachers and educators in Indonesia. To address this problem, the writer try to analyze it by proposing three problems; How is the implementation of teaching English as a foreign language in Elementary schools, What are the problems in teaching English in Elementary schools, and What are the challenges of teaching English in Elementary schools. Data were collected from previous research findings, and find out that many elementary schools still teach English with some problem such as unqualified teachers and unsatisfactory learning outcome. Thus, it is challenge for all the stake holders, especially government and higher education institutions.
The alluaudite-like phosphate Na1.79Mg1.79Fe1.21(PO4)3

The title phosphate, Na1.79Mg1. 79Fe1.21(PO4)3 (sodium mag­nesium iron phosphate), has been prepared as single crystals and its structure determined from X-ray diffraction data. The structure belongs to the alluaudite structure type, characterized by the X2X1M1M22(PO4)3 general formula. The Na+ ions occupy the large X2 and X1 sites, the Fe3+ ions partially occupy the M2 site and the Mg2+ ions are distributed over the M1 and M2 sites.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Rat Retina: a Dissertation

The retina is a thin layer of tissue lining the back of the eye and is primarily responsible for sight in vertebrates. The neural retina has a distinct layered structure with three dense nuclear layers, separated by plexiform layers comprising of axons and dendrites, and a layer of photoreceptor segments. The retinal and choroidal vasculatures nourish the retina from either side, with an avascular layer comprised largely of photoreceptor cells. Diseases that directly affect the neural retina like retinal degeneration as well as those of vascular origin like diabetic retinopathy can lead to partial or total blindness. Early detection of these diseases can potentially pave the way for a timely intervention and improve patient prognosis. Current techniques of retinal imaging rely mainly on optical techniques, which have limited depth resolution and depend mainly on the clarity of visual pathway. Magnetic resonance imaging is a versatile tool that has long been used for anatomical and functional imaging in humans and animals, and can potentially be used for retinal imaging without the limitations of optical methods. The work reported in this thesis involves the development of high resolution magnetic resonance imaging techniques for anatomical and functional imaging of the retina in rats. The rats were anesthetized using isoflurane, mechanically ventilated and paralyzed using pancuronium bromide to reduce eye motion during retinal MRI. The retina was imaged using a small, single-turn surface coil placed directly over the eye. The several physiological parameters, like rectal temperature, fraction of inspired oxygen, end-tidal CO2, were continuously monitored in all rats. MRI parameters like T1, T2, and the apparent diffusion coefficient of water molecules were determined from the rat retina