Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear storage‐discharge relations and catchment streamflow regimes

Nonlinear storage‐discharge relations may explain important hydrologic features frequently observed under a variety of environmental conditions. In this paper the catchment dynamic storage problem is addressed by incorporating nonlinear storage‐discharge relations in a stochastic framework to derive the statistical distribution and the duration curve of streamflows in river basins. Such a goal is achieved by extending recent analytical solutions for the seasonal probability distribution of discharges derived from the stochastic description of soil moisture dynamics at basin scales. Long‐term probability density functions (pdf's) and flow duration curves are expressed through climatic, ecohydrologic, and geomorphic parameters of the basin by relaxing the linear reservoir assumption of subsurface flow components conveniently made in previous studies. In particular, this paper focuses on three different types of nonlinear, algebraic relationships between instantaneous discharges and storage volumes (concave and convex power laws and hyperbolic). Exact expressions of the streamflow pdf are derived in all cases, which are also tested by numerical simulations. Streamflow statistics and duration curves, estimates of catchment dynamic storages, recession timescales, and sensitivity to the underlying rainfall regime are then discussed. The model shows that different shapes of the streamflow pdf (bell shaped, monotonously decreasing, and bimodal) arise depending on the degree of nonlinearity of the storage‐discharge relation, providing a new approach to catchment hydrology characterization.
One‐dimensional solute transport in a permeable reactive barrier–aquifer system

Transient semianalytical and steady state analytical solutions to assess solute transport in a permeable reactive barrier (PRB)–aquifer system are developed on the basis of a multidomain approach of an up‐gradient PRB and a down‐gradient aquifer. Sensitivity analysis of input parameters in the solution is addressed through mathematical modeling. A designing equation from the developed steady state closed‐form analytical solution is derived, and the accuracy of the equation is tested. The results confirm that the thickness and the first‐order reaction capability of the PRB are two of the most important design considerations. Through sensitivity analysis, the reduction of the reactive capability of the PRB has a significant impact on the PRB performance. The aquifer reaction capability is found to be nonnegligible for the determination of the required thickness of the PRB, and its importance becomes greater when the PRB porosity becomes smaller because of mineral fouling.
Comparison of Transrectal Ultrasonography-Guided Prostate Biopsies Analgesia’s; Rectal Lidocaine Gel Versus Sandwich Anesthesia (Transurethral Plus Transrectal Lidocaine Gel Administration): A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled and Prospective Study

Objectives We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the additive transurethral anesthetic agent to transrectal anesthetic agent. Methods Transrectal ultrasound-guided 12 core prostate biopsy planned, 237 patients included in our study. The patients randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=113): Only transrectal 2% lidocaine, Group 2 (n=124): Transrectal + Transurethral(Sandwiches) lidocaine gel given to the patients 10 min before the procedure as anesthesia. Immediately after the biopsy, the patient questioned about the level of pain he felt during the needle entry. The evaluation measured by the VAS score. Immediately after biopsy satisfaction rate with the procedure and if rebiopsy was required, acceptance was scored between 1 and 4. The two groups compared statistically. Results The mean VAS score of Group 1 and Group 2 was 4.88±1.89 and 3.77±1.83, respectively. The pain level of Group 2 was lower than Group 1’ pain level. The difference between the two groups was considered statistically significant (p<0.001). The patient satisfaction rates of Group 1 and Group 2 found to be 2.45±0.71 and 2.78±0.66, and the acceptance rate of rebiopsy was 2.81±0.69 and 3.02±0.51, respectively. The patient satisfaction rate and acceptance rate of the rebiopsy of Group 2 were higher than Group 1. Patient satisfaction level (p<0.001) and rebiopsy acceptance rate (p=0.014) between the two groups found to be statistically significant. Conclusion In the TRUS-guided prostate biopsies, sandwich anesthesia is a cheap, convenient, tolerable, and effective method.
Zanthoxylum Genus as Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds

Natural products have been used for thousands of years for the benefit of mankind, as important sources of food, clothing, cosmetics, building materials, tools, medicines and crop protection agents. They have made enormous contributions to human health through compounds such as quinine, morphine, aspirin (a natural product analog), digitoxin and many others. Researches in this field are becoming more numerous, to the point of getting about half of pharmaceuticals and pesticides from natural sources (Newman & Cragg, 2007). The main reasons because natural products are so important to undertake research are that they can be a source of new compounds because they produce many bioactive secondary metabolites that are used as a chemical defense against predators. Also, in the past, they have provided many new drugs, some of which can’t be obtained by other sources and because they can provide the necessary templates to design new products in the future (Colegate and Molyneux, 2008; Kaufman et al., 2006; Cragg et al., 2005).
The seasonality of precipitation signals embedded within the North American Drought Atlas

We examine how the seasonality of precipitation signals embedded within the North American Drought Atlas varies across the continent. Instrumental records of average summer (JJA) Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) are characterized by major regional differences in the relative importance of precipitation during summer and winter (DJF). The Atlas, which is based on a network of drought-sensitive tree-ring records, is able to reproduce the main geographic patterns of these biases, but tree-ring reconstructions exaggerate the influence of seasonal precipitation anomalies in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico (towards a stronger winter signal) and western Canada (towards a stronger summer signal). Drought reconstructions from the Southwest and Tex-Mex regions are tuned mainly to winter precipitation and display strong teleconnections to both El Niño and La Niña. In contrast, winter precipitation signals are either weak or absent in drought reconstructions from northwestern North America, and tree-ring estimates of PDSI show a much less robust association with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Geographical differences in the relative strength of seasonal precipitation signals are likely due to (i) local factors that influence tree growth but are not incorporated into the PDSI algorithm and (ii) real differences in regional climatology. These seasonal biases must be taken into account when comparing drought reconstructions across North America, when comparing tree-ring PDSI to drought records developed from other proxies or when attempting to use the Drought Atlas to link past droughts to potential forcing mechanisms.
Effects of nuts and unsaturated fatty acids on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Objective To analyze the influence of nuts and unsaturated fatty acids on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and put forward reasonable suggestions for prevention. Methods A total of 696 patients (483 males and 213 females) admitted to Tang Du Hospital from September 2019 to May 2021 were included in the study. The effects of several factors on NAFLD were analyzed by Logistic regression, and the OR value was calculated. Smooth curves were plotted and stratified by sex, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension. Results nut intake (OR= 0.97678, 95% IC [0.95581, 0.99822], P=0.033894. RR= 0.9812) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (OR= 1.20633,95༅ IC [1.12796, 1.29014], P<0.000001. RR= 1.1601) had an effect on NAFLD. The risk of NAFLD was the lowest when nut intake was 2.82 g/day, while the risk of NAFLD was highest when the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids was 30.02g/day. Conclusions we recommend 2.82g/day for nuts. Men are more suitable for eating nuts than women. Patients with hyperlipidemia should consume more nuts appropriately, and patients with diabetes should consume 3.74g/day. Polyunsaturated fatty acids should also be reduced to less than 30.02 g/day.
Les associations face à la participation institutionnalisée : les ressorts d'une adhésion distanciée

L’article analyse comment les associations envisagent et utilisent l’espace public institutionnalise tel qu’il s’est developpe ces dernieres annees a Bordeaux. Il explicite les menaces que cet espace fait peser sur la capacite d’action des acteurs sociaux urbains, qui font montre d’une adhesion distanciee a l’egard de tout dispositif participatif. Il examine les fondements de l’engagement associatif sur la scene institutionnalisee, avant de montrer comment, face aux contraintes, les logiques d’action associatives different, allant du boycott a l’instrumentalisation. Sans modifier leurs repertoires d’action traditionnels, mais en articulant participation et action collective, les associations trouvent un entre-deux propre a regenerer la democratie locale.
Development of Electronic Student Worksheets (E-LKPD) Based on Problem Based Learning as an Effort to Improve Critical Thinking of Grade VIII Middle School Students on Respiratory System Material

This development research was motivated by the fact that the LKPD teaching materials used to support learning activities did not meet 21st century criteria and were not able to hone students' critical thinking skills. LKPD is not yet based on problem solving and utilizes electronic media. This research aims to determine the feasibility, practicality and effectiveness of electronic LKPD on respiratory system material. This research is Research and Development (R&D) research, using Lee & Owens design consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation stages. Data collection techniques use questionnaires and tests. Data analysis techniques are quantitative and qualitative. The validation results by material experts and media experts stated that E-LKPD was very valid with validity of 88.33% and 95.58% respectively with the category suitable for use. Based on the teacher assessment results, the category was very good with a percentage of 89.33% in the category very good and feasible in practice. The results of the student response questionnaire showed a percentage of 94.26% in the very good category so that ELKPD is good for use in learning. The effectiveness of E-LKPD after being implemented shows that students' critical thinking abilities have increased with an N-Gain score of 0.56 which is included in the medium category. The conclusion is that E-LKPD based on Problem Based Learning can be used as a learning medium to improve students' critical thinking skills in science learning, especially material on the respiratory system.
Deformation of sediments and sedimentary rocks

This volume includes the proceedings of an international conference held at University College, London, in April 1985. It presents the mechanisms of sediment deformation and is of interest to sedimentologists and structural geologists in academic institutions, in the field, and in the oil industry. Studies of naturally deformed sedimentary rocks repeatedly indicate that much of the observed deformation resulted from processes active before the rock was lithified. An understanding of the origins of these structures cannot be established using the principles of rock mechanics and crystal physics commonly employed in hard rock structural geology, the principles of the engineering discipline of soil mechanics being more appropriate. Alternatively, the post-lithification deformation of sediments is a typical rock mechanics problem and may involve an understanding of elasticity, fracturing, crystal plasticity, and diffusion based on deformation mechanisms. Readers should be familiar with basic knowledge about rock and soil deformation. The Conference provided a comprehensive study of this wide subject area.
On the Wind-Driven Circulation of the South Pacific Ocean

Abstract A layered model of the study circulation in the South Pacific Ocean is constructed along the lines of Luyten, Pedlosky and Stommel, and driven by the mean annual wind stress distributions computed by Hellerman and Rosenatein. The results of the model agree quite well with published maps of topography of density surfaces and circulation. Best agreement is found in the deeper layers. The deepest modeled layer, of density range 26.90 < σ0 < 27.30, which contains the core layer of the Antarctic intermediate Water, transports northwards some 14 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) between New Zealand and South America. Of this, about three quarters comes from the west in an intense zonal jet that rounds the southern tip of New Zealand and quickly fans out from the boundary current along those islands into the anticyclonic gyre. Some 5 Sv returns southwards in the Australian boundary current. Much of the anticyclonic gyre in the western South Pacific is taken up by a shadow zone formed in the shelter of New Zealand,.
Isotopic composition of displacive fibrous calcite veins; reversals in pore-water composition trends during burial diagenesis

ABSTRACT Stable isotope and petrographic analyses of diagenetic calcite ("cone-in-cone" and "beef") veins from British Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous shales have been used to determine the environment of precipitation of fibrous calcites. Successive growth took place by antitaxial displacive addition at the vein margins, away from primary sedimentary laminations or early diagenetic concretions. Carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios (13C ±0 and 18 -4 to -11) indicate a relatively late dingenetic origin for the veins after tens or probably hundreds of meters of burial, and after cessation of bacterial activity nd considerable modification of the oxygen isotopic composition of the pore water. Vein growth was discontinuous and took place in waters of changing isotopic and trace-element composition. Changes are not unidirectional and are unlikely to result from the simple evolution of a single conhate pore water; reversals in isotopic trends indicate that precipitation took place during periods of renewed (lateral? ) groundwater flow, tapping different sources of bicarbonate-bearing solution.
Spatial variability and landscape controls of near‐surface permafrost within the Alaskan Yukon River Basin

The distribution of permafrost is important to understand because of permafrost's influence on high‐latitude ecosystem structure and functions. Moreover, near‐surface (defined here as within 1 m of the Earth's surface) permafrost is particularly susceptible to a warming climate and is generally poorly mapped at regional scales. Subsequently, our objectives were to (1) develop the first‐known binary and probabilistic maps of near‐surface permafrost distributions at a 30 m resolution in the Alaskan Yukon River Basin by employing decision tree models, field measurements, and remotely sensed and mapped biophysical data; (2) evaluate the relative contribution of 39 biophysical variables used in the models; and (3) assess the landscape‐scale factors controlling spatial variations in permafrost extent. Areas estimated to be present and absent of near‐surface permafrost occupy approximately 46% and 45% of the Alaskan Yukon River Basin, respectively; masked areas (e.g., water and developed) account for the remaining 9% of the landscape. Strong predictors of near‐surface permafrost include climatic indices, land cover, topography, and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus spectral information. Our quantitative modeling approach enabled us to generate regional near‐surface permafrost maps and provide essential information for resource managers and modelers to better understand near‐surface permafrost distribution and how it relates to environmental factors and conditions.
Morbidity and mortality related to type II odontoid fractures in octogenarians undergoing surgery: a retrospective study with 5 year follow up

Introduction The prevalence of trauma is increasing in the geriatric population. The optimal therapy for type II odontoid fractures in the elderly is controversial. This study aims to assess the morbidity and mortality associated with odontoid fractures in octogenarians undergoing C1/C2 posterior screw fixation and describe the perioperative and post-operative complications and risk factors associated with mortality. Materials and methods Electronic medical records from a single institution pertaining to the period between September 2005 and December 2020 were retrieved. Data on patient demographics, neurological conditions, surgical characteristics, complications, hospital course, and 90-day mortality were collected. Results Over a 16-year period, 60 patients aged ≥80 years diagnosed with type II odontoid fractures were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 85.0 ± 1.9 years. The mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was >6 indicating a poor baseline reserve (8.5 ± 1.9), while cardiovascular diseases were the most prevalent among comorbidities. The mean surgical duration was 217.5 ± 65.9 min, with a mean blood loss of 725.5 ± 275.7 mL. The in-hospital was 5–0% and the 90-day mortality rates increased at 10.0%. No revision surgery was needed in any of the cases. Intraoperative and post-operative X-ray and computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed correct screw placement. Proper alignment of the atlantoaxial spine and fusion could be achieved in all cases. The unique risk factors for mortality included the presence of comorbidities and the occurrence of post-operative complications. Conclusion The complication and mortality rates associated with odontoid fractures in octogenarians are relatively high. However, the therapeutic goals in this population also include bone union and preservation of neurological status. Despite the often-high comorbidity rate, we still recommend that surgery should be considered in patients over 80 years. However, it is necessary to evaluate several approaches when treating such frail patients.
Length scale of braided river morphology

Pool‐bar topography in single‐channel rivers has a length scale proportional to channel width. In braided rivers confluence‐bifurcation units are analogous to pool‐bar morphology and, in some cases, develop from initial alternate bars. Consequently, confluence‐bifurcation units are expected to have length that scales with the central anabranch width and that constitutes a basic length scale braided channel morphology. This idea was tested using measurements from a physical model of a gravel bed braided river and from aerial photographs of braided rivers. Length (distance from confluence to bifurcation), anabranch width, and confluence angle of confluence‐bifurcation units were measured. A simple length scaling is evident across the range of scales; confluence‐bifurcation length is 4–5 times the channel width. This scaling is a fundamental element of braided river morphology and suggests that braided patterns are created by processes, and have morphological regularity, similar to pool‐bar units of low‐sinuosity single‐thread rivers.
Stabilization and Gap Formation of Adjustable Versus Fixed Primary ACL Repair With Internal Brace: An in Vitro Full-Construct Biomechanical Cadaveric Study

Background: A knotless, tensionable primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair system preloaded with an internal brace has been released. Currently, there is no biomechanical data on the stabilization and gap formation behavior of the adjustable system when compared with fixed repairs in human ACL tissue. Hypothesis: That knotless adjustable suture repair with an internal brace would provide overall higher construct stability and greater load share on the ACL with less gap formation compared with fixed repair. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Human cadaveric knees were utilized for internal braced ACL repair constructs (each group n = 16). Two fixed groups consisting of a single-cinch loop (SCL), cortical button (SCL group), and knotless suture-anchor (anchor group) were compared with an SCL-adjustable loop device (SCL-ALD) group. Testing was performed at 4 different peak loads (50, 150, 250, 350 N) over 4000 cycles at 0.75 Hz including suture repair preconditioning (10 cycles at 0.5 Hz) for SCL-ALD. Specimens were ultimately pulled to failure with a cut internal brace. The final loading situation of the construct and ACL repair with gap formation and ultimate strength were evaluated. Results: Peak elongation at various peak loads showed a significantly higher (P < .001) stabilization of SCL-ALD when compared with both fixed groups. There was a significantly higher (P < .001) load share of SCL-ALD, especially at lower loads (48% of 50 N), and the gap formation remained restricted up to 250 N. With only a little load share on the fixed constructs (<6%) at lower loads (50, 150 N), gap formation in these groups started at a load of 150 N, leading to significantly higher gaps (P < .001). The ultimate failure load for SCL-ALD and anchor groups was significantly increased (P < .001) as compared with SCL. The stiffness of SCL-ALD (62.9 ± 10.6 N/mm) was significantly increased (P < .001). Conclusion: Internal braced knotless adjustable fixation for ACL repair with preconditioning of the suture repaired ligament increased the overall stabilization with higher load share on the ACL and restricted gap formation (<0.5 mm up to 350 N) compared with fixed suture repair. All internal braced repairs restored stability according to native ACL function. Clinical Relevance: Adjustable ACL repair improved the mechanical characteristics and reduced gap formation, but the overall clinical significance on healing remains unclear.
Dynamic linkages between vegetation phenology and seasonal changes in water quality in the Choptank watershed, USA

One of the greatest challenges in water-quality management is to understand the many complex interactions between landscape structure and nutrient transport. This study analysed the relationship between the inter-annual vegetation phenologies and seasonal change of water quality in the Choptank Basin, a typical agricultural tributary of the Chesapeake Bay (along the east coast of USA), using blended images from Landsat Thematic Mapper and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. Cross-Correlogram Spectral Matching (CCSM) was applied to explain the correlation between seasonal nitrate discharge and phenologies of different crop types as well as forest. Nitrate discharges from forest-dominated watersheds are reduced as the forest greens up with an increasing percentage above the predefined enhanced vegetation index (EVI) threshold values. The crop-dominant watersheds have higher correlations than the forest-dominant watersheds between seasonal nitrate discharge and vegetation phenologies. The correlations between seasonal water quality and vegetation phenology in forest-dominant watershed have less variance than those of crop-dominant watersheds. The highest correlations were found between EVI and water quality at one or two months ‘later’, e.g. between the ‘earlier’ green-up and the ‘later’ nutrient discharge. This work could be applied to guide farmland planning to effectively control the non-point source pollution.