Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Multiple Choices for Grain and Protein Sources of Differing in Ruminal Degradability on Diet Selection and Performance of Lactating Goats

Fifteen does were used to test the effect of multiple choices for grain and protein sources on diet preferences and lactation performance of goats. The treatments were; 1) corn+soybean meal (CSBM), 2) corn+corn gluten meal (CCGM), and 3) barley+corn+SBM+CGM (MC). The ingredients were offered along with wheat bran and alfalfa hay chopped into 1-2 cm. The does receiving MC preferred more protein sources (P<0.05) and less alfalfa (P<0.05) than those receiving CCGM. Preferences for SBM and CGM of the does along with corn were 5.50% and 1.81% of the selected diets, respectively. However, CGM preference increased substantially (1.81 % for CCGM and 9.03% for MC), when barley, corn, SBM and CGM were available simultaneously. Barley preference was higher (13.25% vs. 28.99%) than corn preference in MC treatment. The does fed on MC maximized ME (P=0.11) and crude protein (P<0.01), but minimized fat (P<0.01) contents of the selected diets. The does in MC treatment selected the diet containing 11.2 MJ ME, 181.4 g CP, 184 g ADF and 334.6 g NDF/kg DM. Milk yield (P=0.13) and fat-corrected milk yield (P=0.07) tended to increase when the does had free access to multiple choice compared to those fed on CSBM and CCGM. Protein yield and milk production efficiency increased markedly (P<0.05) by MC over other treatments. The results of the present study suggest that more alternatives for grain and protein sources in choice fed goats may improve performance and overcome imbalances in nutrient supply to rumen microorganisms and/or to the host animal.
Description, Life History, and Parasitism of a New Species of Delphacid Planthopper (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)

Abstract Delphacodes scolochloa Cronin & Wilson (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) is a newly discovered delphacid planthopper that feeds and oviposits exclusively on the stems of sprangletop, Scolochloa festucacea (Willd.) Link (Poaceae: Pooidae), in the prairie pothole region of northeastern North Dakota. D. scolochloa is bivoltine. It is also wing dimorphic, but populations are composed predominantly of flightless brachypters. Macropters incur a substantial cost in terms of reduced longevity and fecundity relative to brachypters. The parasitoid complex attacking D. scolochloa consists of two egg parasitoids, Anagrus nigriventris Girault and Anagrus columbi Perkins (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), and one undescribed dryinid. The proportion of eggs parasitized averages 21%, and egg parasitization is density independent.
New Species of Platymantis (Amphibia; Anura; Ranidae) from New Britain and Redescription of the Poorly Known Platymantis Nexipus

Abstract We describe a new species of high-elevation rainforest tree frog (genus Platymantis) from the Nakanai Mountains, New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago, Southwestern Pacific. The new species is characterized by moderate body size (34.2–35.8 mm for four males), widely expanded terminal digital disks of the fingers and toes, smooth skin of the dorsum, a distinctive color pattern, and a complex, amplitude-modulated advertisement call produced in groups of 3–6 notes. We compare the new species to all known species of Platymantis from New Britain and to additional phenotypically similar species from the Solomon Islands and Fiji. It is most similar to P. nexipus, a species known previously from only a single specimen. We rediagnose and redescribe P. nexipus on the basis of the holotype and ten recently collected specimens, provide the first descriptions of the advertisement calls of both species, and comment on an additional suspected undescribed species from the Nakanai Mountains of New Britain Island.
Neuro-Muscular Mechanisms of Abdominal Pumping in the Locust

1. The muscles involved in dorso-ventral and longitudinal ventilation in the pregenital segments of Schistocerca gregaria are described. Expiratory muscles are shown to be innervated by paired lateral nerves whereas the dorso-ventral inspiratory muscles are innervated by the unpaired median nerve system. 2. Normal pumping activity is brought about by alternating bursts of impulses in expiratory and inspiratory motor nerves. Inspiratory bursts are relatively invariant, whereas expiratory bursts show a positive correlation with ventilatory cycle length. The firing patterns of some units within the bursts are described. 3. In general anterior segments fire motor bursts earlier than posterior segments during well synchronized active ventilation, the metathoracic ganglion firing first. However, much variation is seen both within one locust and between different locusts. Burst-formation continues in isolated nerve cords. 4. Activity, phase-locked with expiration, has been recorded in the connectives. The evidence suggests that it occurs in a pair of co-ordinating interneurones which run from the metathoracic ganglion to the last abdominal ganglion and determine the initiation, duration and possibly the intensity of the expiratory motor bursts in each segment. A second parallel system may co-ordinate activity when the metathoracic co-ordinating interneurones are inactive. Inspiratory motor neurones are probably autoactive and the duration of their firing may normally be determined by the discharge phase of a metathoracic oscillator which acts by inhibiting the co-ordinating interneurones.
Yield and Yield Components of Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) in Relation to Sowing Times

A field experiment was carried out to study the influence of sowing times on yield and yield components of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Seeds of four barley cultivars (BB 1, Karan 19, Karan 163 and Karan 351) were sown with four sowing times (5 November, 17 November, 29 November and 11 December). Most of the yield and yield components were significantly highest in 17 November sowing. Among the cultivars most of the characters showed their highest values in BB 1 and the lowest in Karan 19. Harvest index was found highest in Karan 351 and lowest in BB 1. Key words: Barley, Sowing time, Yield. Â doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0. 2154 Â J. bio-sci. 15: 139-145, 2007
Extraction and characterisation of Riceberry bran protein hydrolysate using enzymatic hydrolysis

Summary Riceberry bran protein hydrolysate (RBPH) was prepared from bran of purple-pigmented Riceberry rice using enzymatic hydrolysis. The effect of enzyme type (Alcalase, Flavourzyme and Neutrase) and hydrolysis time (2, 4 and 6 h) on protein content, protein yield, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activities (ABTS and FRAP) and molecular weight patterns of RBPH was investigated. The enzyme type significantly (P < 0.05) affected the properties of RBPH whereas the hydrolysis time had no significant effect (P ≥ 0.05) on those properties. Flavourzyme was the most effective to increase protein yield, TPC and antioxidant activities compared to Alcalase and Neutrase. The optimal hydrolysis condition was 4 h using Flavourzyme which yielded 74.9% extracted protein. This hydrolysate contained peptides ranging from 16 to 64 kDa. The high antioxidant activity was related to negative charge peptides as shown by anion exchange chromatography. With high protein content and antioxidant properties, RBPH using Flavourzyme could be practically utilised in functional foods.
Induction of somatic embryogenesis in absence of exogenous auxin in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Induction of somatic embryogenesis in absence of exogenous auxin can clarify some basic concepts of somatic embryogenesis. Explants from leaf and petiole of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were used in this experiment for somatic embryogenesis using three different modified B5 basal media; boron and 2,4-D but no IAA as control (I), boron and IAA but no 2,4-D (II) and no boron, 2,4- D and IAA (III). Leaf explants grown on III produced somatic embryos indicating an induction potential for somatic embryogenesis with an incomplete medium. The endogenous auxin of the leaf explants might have a potential for triggering induction of somatic embryogenesis.
Differential vulnerability of prey to an invading top predator: integrating field surveys and laboratory experiments

Abstract 1. A new top predator, the dragonfly Cordulegaster boltonii, invaded Broadstone Stream (U.K.) in the mid‐1990s. This provided a rare opportunity to assess the impact of a new, large carnivore on a community that has been studied since the 1970s and has one of the most detailed food webs yet published. The vulnerability of the resident species to the invader was assessed by integrating experiments, which examined discrete stages in the predation sequence, with empirical survey data.
Selection of scent-marking sites by klipspringers (Oreotragus oreotragus)

Klipspringers deposit scent marks in the form of secretion from the preorbital glands on branches of low trees and shrubs within their territories. Local environmental factors which affect choice of scent-marking sites in a population of wild klipspringers in Zimbabwe are described. Scent marks were typically placed within a narrow vertical range at the end of upward-pointing twigs. Twigs were more likely to be selected if they were located above bare rock, particularly if the ground was raised above the immediately surrounding area or was close to a significant break in slope. A substantial proportion of sites were placed on dead wood. Marking sites may remain in use for a number of years, with turnover rates calculated at between 1 and 2% per annum. The species of tree on which marks were placed were recorded and compared with overall abundance in the habitat. Palatable tree species were found to be selected preferentially when compared to unpalatable ones. Several explanations for this are compared. It is concluded that, simply through preferential selection of certain local characteristics, klipspringers may enhance the visibility and predictability of their scent marks.
Relevance of fin dimensions and high-pressure anneals on hot-carrier degradation

In this work, we address two open issues of HotCarrier Degradation (HCD) on n-type FinFET devices. Firstly, the controversial impact of fin width is studied in terms of exact {VOV ,VD} stress conditions and taking in account the impact of external parasitic series resistance and Self-Heating Effects (SHE). Secondly, the impact of Hydrogen/Deuterium High-Pressure Anneal (HPA) on both time-0 and reliability is evaluated.
VARIATION IN DEMOGRAPHY OF JUVENILE TSUGA HETEROPHYLLA ACROSS THE SUBSTRATUM MOSAIC

SUMMARY (1) Recruitment and survival of juvenile Tsuga heterophylla were followed on different substrata on the west slope of the Cascade Range, central Oregon, U.S.A. (2) Whilst seeds fell mainly from October to March, some were shed in all but six of thirty-two consecutive months. (3) Almost all juveniles occurred on decaying logs even though fallen timber may cover only 10-30% of the forest floor. (4) Recruitment on all substrata varied widely from year to year, as expected in a conifer with mast years of seed production. (5) Cohorts emergent in different months during one calendar year often showed greatly different survivorship curves even on the same rooting substratum. (6) Mortality was much higher for juveniles during the first 2 yr after emergence than in subsequent years. Microtine rodents probably account for most seed and seedling deaths. (7) The extent of decay of woody rooting-substrata does not influence percentage emergence, although survival of juveniles was most prolonged on Pseudotsuga menziesii logs with rotten heartwood. (8) The age-class structures of juvenile populations were functions of the fraction of the forest floor covered by fallen wood in each decay class.
Motivation increase of mathematics students in Engineering – A proposal from Game Based Learning

Training and capacity building for students in engineering programs, including developing competencies and skills in mathematics, have been well-established in literature. There is less known about lowering rates of desertion (understood as the non-completion of an academic program). While it is generally agreed that there are multiple causes (individual, institutional, and state), several authors suggest that low academic results and low motivation in an educational process are important causes. In the case of Santo Tomás University, the site of study for this research project, the desertion index in engineering programs is close to 45%. The course with the highest failure rates is introductory mathematics (offered in the first year). Given this context, this research project proposed innovative pedagogical strategies and mediations , targeting the motivation indexes of university-aged students enrolled in mathematics courses. Game-based learning and mixed methods were employed to design a set of two didactic strategies: (A) Kahoot Online Testing Tool, and (B) Online Crossword. The target population was represented by 20 students enrolled in a differential calculus course, as part of the first-year engineering program. For benchmarking purposes, the participants were given a diagnostic calculus test. Next, an adaptation of Instructional Material Motivation Survey was applied, which allowed me to measure the dimensions of attention, confidence, satisfaction, and relevance . The results demonstrated that the pedagogical innovation positively impacted student motivation. The most significant results include the importance of planning rigorous learning activities, incorporating problems from the real student environment, and the importance of offering immediate feedback.
TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-b INHIBITS LYMPHOKINE ACTIVATED KILLER CYTOTOXICITY OF BONE MARROW CELLS

and parvovirus B19 in children with bone marrow hemophagocytosis. Hum Pathol 1998; 29: 1074. 6. Lichtman MA, Komp DM. Inflammatory and malignant histiocytosis. In: Beutler E, Lichtman MA, Coller BB, Kipps TJ eds. Williams hematology. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc., 1995; 885. 7. Braun DK, Dominguez G, Pellett PE. Human herpesvirus 6. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997; 10: 521. 8. Wang F-Z, Linde A, Hägglund H, Testa M, Locasciulli A, Ljungman P. Human herpesvirus 6 DNA in cerebrospinal fluid specimens from allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients: does it have clinical significance? Clin Infect Dis 1999; 28: 562. 9. Carrigan DR, Knox KK. Bone marrow suppression by human herpesvirus-6: comparison of the A and B variants of the virus. Blood 1995; 86: 835. 10. Kikuta H, Lu H, Tomizawa K, Matsumoto S. Enhancement of human herpsesvirus 6 replication in adult human lymphocytes by monoclonal antibody to CD3. J Infect Dis 1990; 161: 1085.
Path Loss Prediction in Smart Campus Environment: Machine Learning-based Approaches

This paper presents a novel application of various machine learning (ML)-based approaches towards prediction of path loss (PL) parameter for a smart campus environment. Measured data from [1] are used to train and evaluate the performance of popular ML techniques such as artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF). Simulation results are presented to verify the PL prediction accuracy of the ML-based schemes. Further, a detailed comparison with the widely used empirical COST-231 Hata model demonstrates the superiority over conventional techniques thereby validating the suitability of employing ML for path loss prediction in challenging 5G wireless scenarios.
Effect of Drawing Conditions on Optical Properties of Bismuth-Doped High-GeO2–SiO2 Fibers

The effect of drawing conditions on the optical properties of the bismuth-doped high-germania-glass core fibers has been studied. It was found that the gain characteristics of these fibers become better with the increase of the drawing speed from 10 to 100 m/min. The small-signal absorption spectra of the Bi-doped fibers obtained at drawing speeds lower than 1 m/min are characterized by a high level of the unsaturable loss and the presence of an unstructured band situated within a wavelength region of 1100 – 1250 nm. The variation of drawing temperature ranging from 1770 to 1830 °C almost did not affect the optical properties of the fibers studied. It was shown that an optimization of the drawing parameters can significantly increase the performance of the developed bismuth-doped fiber lasers.
Effects of herbivory by Hyblaea puera (Hyblaeidae: Lepidoptera) on litter production in the mangrove on the coast of Brazilian Amazonia

Mangrove trees are not immune to herbivory. They are affected mainly by folivores, which may influence litter production and nutrient cycling within the system (Choudhury 1988). The amount of leaf material lost to herbivory is also related to the characteristics of the trees and local environmental conditions (Feller 1995), which result in widely varying rates of leaf consumption (Anderson & Lee 1995). According to Cannicci et al. (2008), the true ecological role played by insect herbivores is not simply the amount of plant material lost to herbivory, but also involves effects at the scale of whole plant performance and ecosystem functioning. Thus, the activities of insect herbivores may also be viewed as a positive impact on mangroves, influencing, for example, energy transfer in the system.
Comparing Variation-tolerance and SEU/TID-Resilience of Three SRAM Cells in 28nm FD-SOI Technology: 6T, Quatro, and we-Quatro

In our earlier study, we presented a variation-tolerant and radiation-resilient SRAM cell, namely we-Quatro. In this work, we fabricate 4KB macros of 6T SRAM, Quatro, and we-Quatro in a 28nm FD-SOI. Their read and write stabilities are compared through actual silicon measurements. In addition, we perform low energy neutron, mostly thermal, and gamma irradiation tests to evaluate their SEU and TID-resilience. The results validate the efficacy of our we-Quatro.
Performance Analysis for NOMA with M-QAM Modulation

This paper investigates the performance of an uplink Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) with discrete M-QAM modulation and fixed power coefficients. Specifically, an uplink NOMA with a base station and two users are considered and two different performance metrics, namely bit error rate and spectral efficiency, are investigated. We provide closed-form expressions for the average spectral efficiency of NOMA with M-QAM which shows that the performance of the weak user is limited to a certain value which depends on the power coefficients solely. Moreover, results of closed-form expressions and simulation are compared to verify the expressions and to analyze the performance of the proposed NOMA system. The simulation results show that increasing the power coefficient of weak user can improve the weak user’s performance in high SNRs, but it does not work well in low SNRs.
Effects of Host Density, Active Burrow Density, and Sex Ratio on Ectoparasite Load of Black-tailed Prairie Dogs ( Cynomys ludovicianus ) in Northern Colorado

SEARL, KARI F. , M.S., June 2010, Environmental Studies Effects of Host Density, Active Burrow Density, and Sex Ratio on Ectoparasite Load of Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in Northern Colorado (47 pp.) Director ofThesis: Donald B. Miles Prairie dogs are essential in maintaining and enhancing the prairie ecosystem. Prairie dogs enrich prairie grasses with nutrients, modify the composition of soil and vegetation, and improve the ease of digestibility of the plants by clipping vegetation. The Sylvatic plague, carried from fleas, can eradicate an entire colony in days, possibly disrupting the ecosystem. The goal of this study was to investigate the association of flea infestation with host density, sex ratio, and burrow density of black-tailed prairie dogs I also examined the role of sex, reproductive condition, and age of the individual in affecting flea infestation. I also compared two methods for collecting fleas – combing and burrow swabbing. I found no significant correlation between flea infestation and host density, burrow density, and sex ratio. Adult prairie dogs had significantly more fleas than juvenile prairie dogs. Reproductively active prairie dogs hosted significantly more fleas than reproductively inactive adult prairie dogs. Flea infestations among colonies significantly varied. Biotic factors tested in this study are not the factors affecting the variation of flea infestation among the colonies. Approved: _____________________________________________________________ Donald B. Miles Associate Professor, Biological Sciences
Chapter 14: The Basicranial and Posterior Cranial Anatomy of the Families of the Toxodontia

Abstract The basicranial and posterior cranial anatomy of the extinct suborder Toxodontia (order Notoungulata) is described using representatives from the five constituent families, Isotemnidae, Homalodotheriidae, Leontiniidae, Notohippidae, and Toxodontidae. New traits of intratympanic anatomy in toxodontians are identified. Based on observations presented here, some previous anatomical interpretations are clarified or corrected. The morphology of the bulla does not imply a compound bony origin; it is apparently comprised solely of ectotympanic bone. Additionally, previous osteological evidence offered to support the presence of an internal carotid artery could not be confirmed, leaving open the question of the source of intracranial blood supply.
Are temperature effects on weight and quality of barley grains modified by resource availability

Under field conditions the occurrence of brief periods of moderately high (30–32°C) and very high temperatures (>35°C) is quite common during grain filling in small-grain cereals. These events occur under a wide range of different management and environmental conditions, such as different nitrogen supplies and source–sink ratios after flowering. The objective of the present work was to study whether the effect of a brief heat stress is modified by resource availability for the growing grains. We subjected spikes of barley 10 days after flowering to a heat treatment in factorial combination with different nitrogen availabilities and source–sink ratios during post-flowering to determine effects on grain weight and major malting quality attributes. Grain weight and screening percentage (proportion of grains <2.5 mm) were reduced by the mild heat stress. However, the magnitude of the effect was dependent on the nitrogen fertilisation and the source–sink treatments in which the heat stress was imposed. Grain protein and β-glucan percentages were increased by both nitrogen fertilisation and heat stress. Again, the magnitude of the increase was dependent upon the availability of resources. There was a trend to reduce malt extract in all treatments with respect to the control, but the reduction was only statistically significant with heat stress.
Efficacy of chlorpyrifos-methyl, methoxyfenozide, spinosad, insecticidal gel, insecticidal soap and mineral oil on citrus leafminer.

Toxicity of six pesticides, chlorpyrifos-methyl (Reldan), methoxyfenozide (Runner), spinosad (Tracer), an insecticidal soap (Palizin, IS), an insecticidal emulsion (Sirenol, IE) and a mineral oil, were tested against citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), under laboratory conditions. Assessments were made 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after treatment. Leaves of citrus trees with second and third instars of leafminer larvae were used in all experiments. There were significant differences in larvae mortality between the control and all pesticide treatments (p<0.0001), also significant differences were found among the various treatments. The total mortality 96 hours after treatment with the rates tested of Reldan, Tracer, Runner, IS, oil and IE was 86.75, 81.91, 68.91, 60.66, 54.83 and 37.16%, respectively. Larval mortality increased with time from 24 to 96 hours after treatment. These findings indicate that four days is the optimum period of efficacy for all the tested insecticides. In conclusion, the present study clearly showed that these were the most effective pesticides at the rate each was tested.