Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance, meat quality and lipid profile of broiler chickens fed with crude and semi-purified vegetable glycerin from biodiesel production.

This study evaluated the effects of crude (CVG) and semi-purified (SPVG) vegetable glycerins inclusion in the broiler chickens diet on performance, meat quality and lipid profile. 1,350 1-day-old male Cobb-Vantress chicks were distributed in a completely randomised design in a factorial 2x4 arrangement with two types of vegetable glycerin (crude and semi-purified) and four inclusion levels (3, 6, 9 and 12%) and a control group, totalling 11 treatments with five replications and 30 birds per experimental unit. At 42d of age, performance, meat quality and lipid profile of meat were assessed. There was no interaction between types and levels of glycerin for performance and meat quality. The body weight gain and feed:gain ratio showed a quadratic response, with the highest body weight gain at 9.4% of glycerin and lowest feed:gain ration at 7%, respectively. The meat quality was not affected by the inclusion of glycerin. There was an interaction between types of glycerin and levels for all fatty acids in thigh meat, exception for vaccenic, α-linolenic and eicosanoic acid. The thighs of chickens fed SPVG showed a linear increase in myristic, palmitic, stearic and SFAs concentration. The thighs of broilers fed CVG showed a linear increase in linoleic acid, α-linolenic, docosahexaenoic acid, PUFAs, ω-6, and ω-3, and a linear decrease in stearic acid concentration and ω-6/ω-3 ratio. The CVG and SPVG can be included in broilers diets up to 7% with no effects on meat quality. Considering the meat fatty acids profile, the inclusion of CVG glycerin increased ω-3 concentrations while SPVG inclusion increased the SFAs in meat.
LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF PREFERENTIAL DESTRUCTION OF CHLOROPLAST AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA AT EARLY MALE GAMETOGENESIS OF THE ANISOGAMOUS GREEN ALGA DERBESIA TENUISSIMA (CHLOROPHYTA)1

Gametogenesis in male and female gametophytes was studied by light microscopy and EM in the dioecious multinucleate green alga Derbesia tenuissima (Moris & De Notaris) P. Crouan & H. Crouan, where male and female gametes differ in size. Gametogenesis was divided into five stages: 32 h (stage 1), 24 h (stage 2), 16 h (stage 3), 8 h (stage 4), and 0.5 h (stage 5) before gamete release. At stage 1, the first sign of gametogenesis observed was the aggregation of gametophyte protoplasm to form putative gametangia. At stage 2, gametangia were separated from the vegetative protoplasm of gametophytes. Morphological changes of nuclei and organelles occurred at this early stage of male gametogenesis, and organelle DNA degenerated. At stage 3, male organelle DNA had completely degenerated, whereas in female gametangia, organelle DNA continued to exist in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Gametogenesis was almost completed at stage 4 and fully at stage 5. Small male gametes had a DNA‐containing nucleus and a large mitochondrion and one or several degenerated chloroplasts. The mitochondria and plastids were devoid of DNA. The large female gametes had a nucleus and multiple organelles, all of which contained their own DNA. Thus, degeneration of chloroplast DNA along with morphological changes of organelles occurred at male gametogenesis in anisogamous green algae (Bryopsis and D. tenuissima), in contrast with previous studies in isogamous green algae (Chlamydomonas, Acetabularia caliculus, and Dictyosphaeria cavernosa) in which degeneration of chloroplast DNA occurred after zygote formation.
Systematic relationships in Lathyrus sect. Lathyrus (Fabaceae) based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data

Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) were utilized to examine systematic relationships in Lathyrus L. sect. Lathyrus (Fabaceae). In addition to a parsimony-based phylogenetic tree, AFLP-based trees were constructed using Dice, Jaccard, and mean character difference coefficients to produce distance-based trees using the UPGMA and neighbor-joining methods. All trees clearly show a close relationship among accessions of the same species, confirming the monophyly of the species examined. All analyses indicate that species of the section Lathyrus are distinct from species of other sections. These findings confirm the monophyly of the section and contradict proposals to split it. They do not support the segregation of L. gorgoni in the section Gorgonia. Within the section Lathyrus, several relationships are present but are only weakly supported. The use of AFLP data to resolve systematic relationships in the genus Lathyrus is further demonstrated.Key words: Lathyrus, Fabaceae, systematics, AFLP.
The price of eggs: increased investment in egg production reduces the offspring rearing capacity of parents

Understanding the selective pressures shaping the number of offspring per breeding event is a key area in the study of life–history strategies. However, in species with parental care, costs incurred in offspring production, rather than rearing, have been largely ignored in both theoretical and empirical studies until relatively recently. Furthermore, the few experimental studies that have manipulated production costs have not yet teased apart effects that operate via the parental phenotype from effects on the quality of the resulting young. To examine whether increased egg production influences parental brood rearing capacity independently of effects operating via egg quality, we experimentally increased egg production in gulls and then examined their capacity to rear a control clutch. We found that the capacity of parents to rear the control brood was substantially reduced solely as a consequence of having themselves produced one extra egg. The paradox that, in many species, parents apparently aim for fewer young per breeding event than the experimentally and theoretically demonstrated optimum, has partly arisen from the failure to take into account the constraints imposed by production costs.
Detection of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus by Double Antibody Sandwich ELISA

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is responsible for a highly contagious disease of poultry causing severe immunosuppression in chickens. A double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) was developed to detect IBDV from clinical samples. Two kinds of anti-IBDV antibodies, monoclonal antibody R63 and chicken anti-IBDV sera, were used for DAS-ELISA. Detection limit of IBDV by DAS-ELISA was approximately 10 2.7 EID? /㎖. The DAS-ELISA detected IBDV from most (13/14) of vaccine products including mild, intermediate and intermediate-plus types. The DAS-ELISA also detected IBDV from all (19/19) of field Korean isolates including very virulent and intermediate-plus phenotypes. Our results indicate that the DAS-ELISA would provide useful diagnostic tool to detect IBDV from clinical samples as well as rapid quantitative detection of IBDV.
Valor nutricional do óleo de soja, do sebo bovino e de suas combinações em rações para frangos de corte - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i2.1224

Two experiments were conducted to determine the energy values of soybean oil, beef tallow and their blends (0:100; 25:75; 50:50; 75:25 and 100:0), and to evaluate the effect of inclusion of 6,0% these blends on performance parameters and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens. In the digestibility experiment, the mean values of nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) were, respectively: 8,402; 8,542; 8,659; 9,109 and 9,505 kcal/kg. Data obtained indicate that these values linearly increased (AMEn=8,304.94 + 10,44X; R 2 =0.91), as increased the level of soybean oil and the largest obtained value was when used only soybean oil (100:0). In the performance experiment, the fats sources did not influence the performance and carcass characteristics evaluated. From these results the conclusion is that there was a nutritional equivalency between the fats sources and that utilization the beef tallow can be improved by presence of soybean oil
Female Dominance and Maternal Investment in Strepsirhine Primates

Prenatal maternal-investment rate (litter weight divided by gestation) was found to be the best available predictor of female dominance in primates. The female-dominant Malagasy lemurs are unique in their combination of a relatively low basal metabolic rate and a relatively high rate of prenatal maternal investment. The relationship between maternal investment and basal metabolic rate in strep-sirhines supports the hypothesis that lemurs raise their basal metabolic rate during reproduction and suggests that this increase is on the order of 75% or more.
Estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) and beta (ER-β) mRNAs in normal ovary, ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma and ovarian cancer cell lines : Down-regulation of ER-β in neoplastic tissues

The prognosis in ovarian carcinoma, the most lethal of the gynecologic neoplasms, is poor and has changed little in the last three decades. Only a small number respond to antiestrogen therapy, although the classic estrogen receptor, ER-α, has been identified in ovarian surface epithelium, from which approximately 90% of ovarian cancers originate. We have previously shown that ER-β mRNA is most abundant in human fetal ovaries, suggesting that it might play an important role in ovarian development. Therefore, we investigated the mRNA levels of both ERs in normal ovaries, ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomas, granulosa cells from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), the ovarian surface epithelium cell line IOSE-Van, and the ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3, HEY and OCC1. Northern blots of normal and neoplastic ovaries were hybridized with an ER-β riboprobe that spans the A/B domain. We detected two major hybridizing bands at approximately 8 and 10 kb. An RNase protection assay using the same probe .
Meiotic anomalies in sodium azide induced tetraploid and mixoploid of Trigonella foenum-graecum.

Mutagen-induced polyploidy can be considered to be a system of increasing genotypic plasticity so that aberrations at the genic and chromosomal level are easily tolerated by the plants. A tetraploid and a mixoploid mutant was induced in Trigonella foenum-graecum by sodium azide. Healthy seeds of Trigonella were treated with different doses of sodium azide. In M2 screening, we found variants at 0.15% treatment for 4 h and at 0.25% treatment for 2 h and they were studied for morphological characters, meiotic behaviour, pollen sterility and stomata frequency. They were confirmed as tetraploid and mixoploid respectively and their surviving M3 progeny was further studied on the same line. Meiotic studies showed different types of abnormalities for both. In mixoploid, the RAR increased from M2 to M3 but in tetraploid plant it decreased in M3 generation. The number of chiasma per chromosome was reduced in M3 generation for both the mutants. A comparison of the different anomalies in 2 generations of the tetraploid and mixoploid helps us to understand the reason for very high pollen sterility and negligible seed set in the tetraploid. Stickiness was increased in both, but the relative increase was less in tetraploid. Stickiness has been considered as a natural method of ameliorating stress and hence may be responsible for better performance of mixoploid. Laggards and spindle disorientation was significantly higher in the tetraploid as compared to the mixoploid.
mRNA expression and cDNA sequences of β- and γ-sarcoglycans are normal in cardiomyopathic hamster heart

In BIO14.6 cardiomyopathic hamster heart, the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex is disrupted and sarcoglycans are greatly reduced in abundance. We examined whether the gene expression of β- and γ-sarcoglycans is indeed defective in this hamster. We found that mRNA expression for these proteins and the cDNA sequences of their coding regions are identical in both normal and myopathic hamster cardiomyocytes. The results strongly suggest that defect in a currently unknown sarcoglycan-associated protein(s) is responsible for the deficiency of the sarcoglycan complex that leads to muscle cell necrosis in the myopathic hamster.
In vitro bacteriostatic effect of a scaffold with a mixture of Hypericum perforatum and Azadirachta indica oil extracts.

Background: Clinical evidences suggest antimicrobial activities of a new oil extract mixture of Hypericum perforatum and Azadirachta indica , included in a polymeric scaffold (or Hyperoil™ Polimeric Substrate - HPS). Methods: Bacteriostatic activity was investigated on selected strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 12598™) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC® 10145™) and Klebsiella ozaenae AM through standardized in vitro tests. Results and Conclusion: All bacterial strains were stabilized or reduced in size after 3 and 24 hours contact with the HPS if compared to the empty polymeric scaffolds. Results showed the bacteriostatic effect of HPS that, added with its anti-inflammatory properties, could explain its tissue repair effects observed in vivo .
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

Neurophysiology allows us to understand and modulate the neural mechanisms in ADHD with high time- and/or frequency-resolution. These non-invasive methods include electroencephalographic recordings at rest and during tasks, with spontaneous and event-related oscillations and potentials tracking covert processing and transcranial neuromodulation through magnetic or electric fields. The findings indicate consistent cognitive and neural deficits in ADHD related to impaired attention and deficient inhibition. Advanced signal processing and source imaging methods often converge with other imaging approaches. Neurophysiological findings also reveal considerable heterogeneity in ADHD regarding cognitive, affective, and genetic subtypes. This illustrates the importance of dimensional approaches and of pathophysiological mechanisms partly shared with other disorders. Although several potential neurophysiological markers of ADHD have been considered, a clinical use for individual diagnostics and classification is not supported to date. More research should clarify the clinical potential of multivariate multimodal classification and prediction of treatment outcome to advance individualized treatment.
Meta-análise de parâmetros genéticos relacionados ao consumo alimentar residual e a suas características componentes em bovinos

Abstract – The objective of this work was to estimate, by meta-analysis, the heritability (h 2 ) and the genetic (r g ) and phenotypic (r f ) correlations of residual feed intake (RFI), and of its component traits in beef cattle from 19 breeds or genetic groups. Twenty‑two scientific papers published from 1963 to 2011, from eight countries, totaling 52,637 cattle of ages from 28 days up to slaughter, were evaluated. The estimates of RFI, dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and metabolic weight (BW 0.75 ) were weighted by the inverse of sample variance. The variation between studies of h 2 for each trait was analyzed by weighted least squares. The effects of sex, country and breed were significant for h 2 of RFI, explaining 67% of variation between studies. For DMI, country and breed effects were significant and explained 96% of variation. Pooled estimates of h 2 were: 0.255±0.008, 0.278±0.012, 0.321±0.015, and 0.397±0.032 for RFI, DMI, ADG and BW 0.75 , respectively. Pooled estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations were low between RFI and ADG and between RFI and BW
Laboratory and quasi-field studies on interspecific competition between Bulinus globosus and B. tropicus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)

Competition between Bulinus tropicus and Bulinus globosus was investigated under laboratory and quasi-field conditions. Only the latter species serves as intermediate host for Schistosoma haematobium in Zimbabwe. Growth, egg laying and survival were followed for various densities of the two species in either single-species or mixed-species aquaria, i.e. 2, 4, 6 or 8 snails in single-species aquaria and 2/6, 4/4 and 6/2 B. tropicus / B. globosus in mixed-species aquaria. A separate experiment was done for mixed-species aquaria where the two species were physically separated by a mesh. The results indicated a significant reduction in reproduction by Bulinus globosus in direct competition (unpartitioned aquaria) with B. tropicus. The presence of damaged egg masses (partly consumed) in these aquaria suggests that B. tropicus preyed on B. globosus egg masses. Furthermore, B. tropicus was found to start laying eggs at an earlier age than B. globosus, and its eggs had a shorter hatching time than those of B. globosus. Quasi-field experiments showed that B. globosus populations were slightly less prolific in the presence of Bulinus tropicus although the effect was not statistically significant due to a great variability between ponds and possibly the observation period was too short. Further studies using enclosure experiments are suggested.
On the occurrence of sexual reproduction in Saxifraga cernua and S. foliolosa (Saxifragaceae)

In all contemporary floras, the two circumpolar arctic species Saxifraga cernua and S. foliolosa are claimed to reproduce only by vegetative means (bulbils) and to have abandoned sexual reproduction. Scattered records in the literature indicate that this is erroneous, and that seed is set irregularly and at a low rate in both species. An inventory of herbarium material supports this view. Field studies at Latnjajaure, N Swedish Lapland, demonstrate that both species have an androdioecious mating system, a phenomenon which is extremely rare in natural plant populations. The two gender classes within each species are maintained by self-incompatibility in hermaphorodites and a higher rate of vegetative propagation in female-sterile plants. Hermaphrodites are rare, especially in S. cernua, and most populations consist exclusively of female-sterile plants. The sparsity of fruiting material in herbaria is regarded to be, in part, a result of low frequency of collecting, due to the in-conspicuousness of the plants in this stage. Scanning electron micrographs of seeds of the two species are provided. Flora Nordica Notes no. 5.
Identification and Characterization of Tobamoviruses Strains Infecting L‐resistant Genotypes of Peppers in France

Characterization of tobamovirus isolates collected from pepper crops in South East France has revealed the existance of several strains belonging to different viruses of the group. The biological and serological properties of three isolates (Vi76, Adam and Eve), selected as representative strains, have been studied. They have been compared with TMV and ToMV strains already isolated in our region as well as with other reference strains of ToMV-D and TMV-U1. They were also compared with other tobamovirus strains P11, P8 and P14, from the Netherlands, and PMMV-W from Italy also isolated from pepper genotypes possessing the “L” gene for resistance to TMV and ToMV strains. According to biological and serological reactions, Vi76 is more related to ToMV than to TMV but it is not related to Adam and Eve which are more closely related to PMMV. On the basis of the interaction with the “L” gene for resistance in pepper genotypes we have found that the Adam and P8 strains belong to the P1-2 pathotype and the Eve and P14 strains to the P1-2-3 pathotype and all the 4 strains belong to the PMMV-W group. In France, there have been no reports of the isolation of the P11 strain which is distantly related to the Adam strain.
Trichophytic Closure of the Donor Area

continued on page 116 ith due care and attention to closing the edges of the donor wound accurately, we usually end up with a fine linear scar 1–2mm in width. Sometimes it is a little larger and rarely, when there is a connective tissue disorder or the edges are closed roughly and with too much tension, it is much larger. Today’s patients’ expectations as well as short hair fashions are driving us to produce scars that are as invisible as possible. There is less potential benefit of follicular unit extraction (FUE) if we can consistently produce scars that are not visible, even with short hair. Trichophytic donor closure is a neat and easy way of improving our donor scars. It is a technique borrowed from the days of transposition flap hairlines where the front 1–2mm of the flap was de-epithelialised so a few hairs would grow up through the ensuing scar (Figure 1). At the 1999 ISHRS Annual Meeting in San Francisco, our Australian colleague Dr. Simon Rosenbaum presented a technique of closing the donor wound where the tip of the upper edge was cut off before closure (i.e., a trichophytic closure as in the flap hairline). Having used this technique frequently since then, and almost exclusively during the past four years, I have witnessed a consistent improvement in my scars. You may have noticed in closing so many donor areas that the upper or superior edge is an acute angle, while the lower or inferior edge is an obtuse angle, when the incisions are made parallel to the hair shafts. It is easy, therefore, just to snip off one or two millimeters of that top edge, thereby de-epithelialising one or two follicular units (Figure 2). When the edges are closed, some burying of these deepithelialised units happens, but I have found that their complete burial is not necessary to produce our “invisible scar. ” Two beneficial aspects seem to occur in the healing process. First, some of these de-epithelialised follicular units will grow up through the ensuing scar, dispersing its linearity. Second, these follicular units, and maybe a few more around them, grow out at a steeper angle across the scar, again aiding its camouflage. To try to compare apples with apples, I conducted a trial early last year where 26 consecutive patients had one side closed trichophytically (i.e., with the top edge removed) and the other side closed non-trichophytically (i.e., with the top edge left intact) (see Table 1). My practice is ideally suited to this type of trial as all donor strips are removed in two pieces, one early in the morning and one a few hours later. After 13 cases, the study sides were switched. Figure 1. Trichophytic front hairline of transposition flap.
Total phenolics and individual phenolic acids vary with light environment in Lindera benzoin

The understory shrub Lindera benzoin L. experiences lower rates of herbivory in sun environments than in shade environments. The production of secondary metabolites (e.g., phenolic compounds with known plant defense proper- ties) is one likely contributor to these observed differences in herbivory. This work determined the total phenolic content as well as the concentrations of several individual phenolic acids in L. benzoin leaves found in sun and shade habitats. To- tal phenolic concentrations were determined to be higher in leaves from sun plants than in those from shade plants (47.5 ± 2.4 vs. 28.6 ± 1.3 gallic acid equivalents, respectively). High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detec- tion was used to separate and quantify several individual phenolic acids, and specific compounds were identified based on their retention times and ultraviolet spectra. The concentrations of vanillic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids were shown to be statistically higher in leaves from sun plants than in those from shade plants (P < 0.05), whereas 2,5-dihydroxy- benzoic acid and caffeic acid were not significantly different in L. benzoin leaves from sun versus shade habitats.