Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delocalization of Acoustic Waves in a One-Dimensional Random Dimer Media

The propagation of classical waves in one-dimensional random media is examined in presence of short-range correlation in disorder. A classical analogous of the Kronig-Penney model is proposed by means a chain of repeated sub-systems, each of them constituted by a mass connected to a rigid foundation by a spring. The masses are related to each other by a string submitted to uniform tension. The nature of the modes is investigated by using different transfer matrix formalisms. It is shown that in presence of short-range correlation in the medium which corresponds to the RD model- the localization-delocalization transition occurs at a resonance frequency . The divergence of near is studied, and the critical exponent that characterizes the power-law behavior of near is estimated. Moreover an exact analytical study is carried out for the delocalization properties of the waves in the RD media. In particular, we predict the resonance frequency at which the waves can propagate in the entire chain. The transmission properties of the system are numerically studied using a statistical procedure yielding various physical magnitudes such the transmission coefficient, the localization length and critical exponents. In particular, it is shown that the presence of correlation in disorder restores a large number of extended Bloch-like modes in contradiction with the general conclusion of the localization phenomenon in one-dimensional systems with correlated disorder.
Impact of Paraben Exposure on Adiposity-Related Measures: An Updated Literature Review of Population-Based Studies

Parabens are alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid that are commonly used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Humans are exposed to parabens when they use these products and through diet. There are growing concerns that paraben exposure can adversely impact human health. The endocrine-disrupting and obesogenic properties of parabens have been observed in animal studies and in vitro, prompting the increase in population-based studies of paraben exposure and adiposity-related endpoints. In this review, we summarize epidemiological studies published between 2017 and 2022 that examined paraben exposure in utero, between birth and adolescence, and in adulthood, in relation to adiposity-related measures. Overall, these studies provide some evidence that suggests that paraben exposure, especially during critical development windows, is associated with adiposity-related measures. However, we have noted several limitations in these studies, including the predominance of cross-sectional studies, inconsistent sample collection procedures, and small sample sizes, which should be addressed in future studies.
Unveiling the nucleus of NGC 7172

We present the results of near-infrared (NIR) H+K ESO-SINFONI integral field spectroscopy (IFS) of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 7172. The aim is to investigate the central 800pc, concentrating on excitation conditions, morphology and stellar content. The NIR is less influenced by dust extinction than optical light and therefore yields a close undisturbed look at the central region. In this proceedings we concentrate on emission line measurements in the central 800pc of NGC 7172. The detection of [SiVI] and broad Paa and Brγ components are clear signs of an accreting super-massive black hole (SMBH) which hides behind the prominent dustlane. Temperatures of about 1400K show evidence of hot dust in the nuclear region. Narrow components of Paα and Brγ allow for an extinction measurement. The molecular hydrogen lines, hydrogen recombination lines and [FeII] point out that the excitation of these lines is caused by an AGN. The findings show evidence for nuclear activity located behind the prominent dustlane crossing the central region of the galaxy. The nucleus of NGC 7172 is a Seyfert 1 nucleus either surrounded or hidden by a molecular dust torus. Our observation aids the unified model scheme in its basic proposition, however, we can not conclude the shape of the torus due to our spatial resolution.
Bipolar supernova remnants and the obliquity dependence of shock acceleration

The diffusive shock acceleration mechanism proposed to explain the bipolarity observed in the synchrotron radio emission of young adiabatically expanding shell SNRs is investigated by means of numerical simulations. The theoretical basis of the SNR models and the numerical computation methods are explained, and the results are presented in graphs and synthetic radio maps and discussed in detail. It is found that the efficiency of the acceleration process depends on the obliquity angle theta(Bn) between the shock normal and the uniform magnetic field: models with theta(Bn) of about 90 deg can reproduce the observed azimuthal intensity ratios in most cases, but models with theta(Bn) near 0 deg cannot. 32 refs.
FOREIGN TAXES AND THE GROWING SHARE OF U.S. MULTINATIONAL COMPANY INCOME ABROAD: PROFITS, NOT SALES, ARE BEING GLOBALIZED

The foreign share of the worldwide income of U.S. multinational corporations (MNCs) has risen sharply in recent years. Data from a panel of 754 large MNCs indicate that the MNforeign income share increased by 14 percentage points from 1996 to 2004. The differential between a company's U.S. and foreign effective tax rates exerts a significant effect on the share of its income abroad, largely through changes in foreign and domestic profit margins rather than a shift in sales. U.S.-foreign tax differentials are estimated to have raised the foreign share of MNC worldwide income by about 12 percentage points by 2004. Lower foreign effective tax rates had no significant effect on a company s domestic sales or on the growth of its worldwide pre-tax profits. Lower taxes on foreign income do not seem to promote "competitiveness. "
Modeling the drying process of Masson pine needle fuel beds under different packing ratios based on two-phase models in the laboratory

Background When the moisture content of a fuel bed is higher than the fiber saturation moisture content (0.35 g g−1), the drying process is controlled by evaporation (>0.35 g g−1) and diffusion (>0.35 g g−1). Packing ratio has a significant effect on the drying process. Ignoring the impacts of packing ratio or the separate phases of the drying process is one main reason for inaccurate moisture content predictions. Method This study simulated the drying process in five Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) needle beds with different packing ratios. Using the fiber saturation moisture content as the cut-off point, we divided the drying process into two phases. The drying mechanism of each phase was different and had its own drying equation. Using a model that does not distinguish the two phases of the drying process as a comparison, the prediction effect of the two-phase model was analyzed. The influence of the fuel bed packing ratio on the drying process was also analyzed. Results We found that, regardless of any changes in packing ratio, the two-phase model could better simulate the drying process, with a mean absolute error (MAE) and mean relative error (MRE) of the two-phase model 18.4% and 25.6% less than the one-phase model, respectively. The time-lag prediction model was established with the packing ratio, and the errors were all within the allowable range, but the prediction effect of the time-lag prediction model based on the two-phase model was larger. Conclusion It was further demonstrated that considering the packing ratio of the fuel bed and distinguishing the two separate phases of the drying process could both effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the moisture content of fuel beds based on the semi-physical method.
Effects of inclination angle on the spectra of X-ray binaries

Iron emission and absorption features from nine X-ray binaries are compared with a model that predicts characteristics of iron K-shell features corresponding to different viewing angles for the accretion disk. In this model, emission and absorption features arise from an accretion disk corona whose structure is computed under the assumptions of ionization, thermal, and hydrostatic balance of gas illuminated by the central continuum source. Hence the equivalent widths of the emission and absorption features are predicted without the introduction of any free parameters to control the physical conditions in the disk corona. Our data/model comparison suggests an explanation for the equivalent widths of the iron K-alpha emission and the depth of the absorption edge in terms of (1) the angle of inclination between the observer's line of sight and the plane of the accretion disk and (2) the shape of the incident source spectrum.
Energy nonequipartition, rheology, and microstructure in sheared bidisperse granular mixtures

Event-driven simulations of smooth inelastic hard disks are used to probe the transport properties and the microstructure of bidisperse granular mixtures. A generic feature of such mixtures is that the two species have different levels of fluctuation kinetic energy (Tl≠Ts) in contrast with their elastic counterpart. The microscopic mechanism for this energy nonequipartition is shown to be directly tied to the asymmetric nature of collisional probabilities between the heavier and lighter species, compared to their purely elastic counterpart. The degree of collisional asymmetry increases with both increasing inelasticity and mass disparity, thereby increasing the energy ratio Tl∕Ts in the same limit. A phenomenological constitutive model, that incorporates energy nonequipartition, captures the nonmonotonic behavior of the transport coefficients, in agreement with the simulation results, whereas the standard constitutive model with equipartition assumption predicts monotonic variations. The sheared granular .
Morse theory, the Conley index and Floer homology

In 1965 Arnold [1] conjectured that the number of fixed points of an exact symplectic diffeomorphism on a symplectic manifold M can be estimated below by the sum of the Betti numbers provided that the fixed points are nondegenerate. This estimate is, of course, much sharper than the Lefschetz fixed point theorem which would only give the alternating sum of the Betti numbers as a lower bound. Its proof is based on a Morse type index theory. If the symplectomorphism in question is C close to the identity then the problem can indeed be reduced to classical Morse theory using generating functions [2, 34]. The general case, however, represents a much deeper problem which has recently been addressed by many authors. (We do not attempt here to give a complete overview of the literature and instead refer to [3, 13] for a more extensive discussion of related works.) For the torus M = T a remarkable solution was given by Conley and Zehnder [7]. They used a variational principle on the loop space, unbounded on either side, and overcame the problem of an infinite Morse index by means of a finite dimensional reduction. An entirely different approach by Gromov [16] was based on the analysis of holomorphic maps and led to an existence proof for at least one fixed point. Recently, Floer [9-13] combined the ideas of Conley and Zehnder with those by Gromov and gave a beautiful proof of the Arnold conjecture for general symplectic manifolds, only assuming that every holomorphic sphere is constant. (In [13] Floer's assumption is somewhat more general but we will restrict ourselves to this case in order to avoid further complications.) He defined a relative index for a pair of critical points and generalized the Morse complex of critical points and connecting orbits (as described by Witten [35]) to the infinite dimensional situation of the loop space which led to the concept of Floer homology.
Ginger Could Improve Gestational Diabetes by Targeting Genes Involved in Nutrient Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and the WNT/β-Catenin/GSK3β Signaling Pathway

This study aimed to evaluate the effect in female rats of 6 weeks of ginger consumption on gestational diabetes by assessing glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative damage, inflammation, and the WNT/β-catenin/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) signaling pathway. In this study, 40 adult female rats were divided into 4 equal groups as follows: pregnant rats, pregnant rats with diabetes, pregnant rats consuming ginger, and pregnant rats with diabetes consuming ginger. Induction of diabetes on day 0 of pregnancy was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Insulin, glucose, and lipid profiles as metabolic factors were measured along with the hepatic expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORc1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α), β-catenin, GSK3β, PPAR-g, nuclear factor-κB (NF-kB), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and oxidative parameters were measured in the liver. The level of metabolic factors was significantly impaired in diabetic pregnant rats compared to the control group. However, ginger improved these parameters in the diabetic pregnant—ginger group compared to the diabetic pregnant group. The hepatic expression of genes involved in metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and the wingless and int-1 (WNT) signaling pathway was significantly impaired in diabetic pregnant rats, while ginger improved them in the hepatic tissue of diabetic pregnant rats. It can be concluded that ginger could improve gestational diabetes by genes involved in metabolism, the WNT signaling pathway, oxidative stress, and inflammation. These results suggest that ginger can be an adjunct drug during pregnancy as a metabolic modulator.
Differences in The Level of Loneliness Experienced by Male and Female University Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic

The implementation of the physical distancing policy as an effort to prevent the transmission of the COVID-19 virus seems to have resulted in loneliness problems for students. Many studies have shown that loneliness is bad for health, such as decreased immunity and cognitive function. By knowing groups vulnerable to loneliness, appropriate preventive and curative measures can be taken. Unfortunately, few studies discuss the differences in the level of loneliness in groups of men and women. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in the level of loneliness in male and female university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The approach used is quantitative with a comparative design. The total subjects were 192 University students consisting of 148 women (77%) and 44 men (23%). The participants were obtained using an online questionnaire through the accidental purposive sampling method. The research instrument used is the UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 Indonesian edition which has an alpha coefficient of 0.92. Data analysis used a different independent sample t-test. The data obtained shows that the average loneliness for men is 38,272 and for women 38,108. Based on the difference test, we obtained the following result t (190) = 0.127, p 0.05. So it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in loneliness between male and female university students.
Exploring the role of leadership, work environment, it alignment and company performance on the digital transformation: a study on the private sector companies in western region, Saudi Arabia

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the role of leadership, work environment, IT alignment and company performance on the digital transformation of private sector companies in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia. The research problem is the lack of studies about digital transformation in Saudi Arabia. Thus, the research question can be formulated as “what are the implications of leadership, work environment, alignment of IT processes, and company performance on the digital transformation of a company? ” Theoretical Framework: The framework of the study is adopted from the attributes of (1) leadership, (2) work environment, (3) IT processes alignment and (4) company performance. This framework aims to provide understanding on how these variables affect the digital transformation of a company. Methodology: Primary as well as secondary data have been collected. A survey was conducted on a sample of (461) participants through online questionnaire. The approach chosen for the study is the Quantitative Deductive Approach (QDA), and the data were analyzed using SPSS. Results and Conclusion: The results of the study concluded that there is a significant positive correlation of leadership, work environment, alignment with IT processes and company performance on the digital transformation. Research Implications: The study verifies the influence of leadership, work environment, IT processes and company performance on the digital transformation. This is helpful on the managerial level for organizations which are willing to adopt digital transformation. On the academic scope, the study adds contribution to the literature of digital transformation in Saudi Arabia. Socially, it is significant to keep pace with the digitalization trend that is evolving rapidly in the Saudi society. Originality: This study is a pioneering attempt to enhance the management practices in private sector companies to explore the role of leadership, work environment, alignment with IT processes and company performance on the digital transformation. The findings should motivate organizations to consider these variables when seeking to adopt digital transformation.
Experimental Investigation Of The Longitudinal Characteristics Of Laser Speckle

The longitudinal dimension of laser speckle was measured in the near field of a uniformly illuminated frosted-glass diffuser. Theory indicates that the speckle produced by the circular spot varies according to XL2/D2, where X is the wavelength of the laser, L is the distance from the observation position to the diffuser, and D is the diameter of the illuminated spot. A single wavelength was used, allowing variation with respect to L and D to be measured. The experimental results obtained closely match the theory. More than 400 speckle lengths were measured, normalized by multiplying by D2/L2, and statistically analyzed to deter-mine a mean of 11µm and a standard deviation of 2. 5µm.
Experimental Study on Overall Cooling Effectiveness of Turbine Nozzle Guide Vane with Impingement-Cutback Structure

The overall cooling performance of turbine nozzle guide vane, with the impingement-cutback structure, is experimentally studied in the actual-scale cascade. The gas with the high temperature is used to achieve the actual dynamic viscosity coefficient and the density ratios. The coolant-to-gas mass flow ratio (KG) varies between 0.034 and 0.050 and the gas-to-coolant temperature ratio (KT) varies between 1.5 and 2.4. The local Overall Cooling Effectiveness (OCE) on the middle cross-section of the vane is obtained. The experimental results reveal that the lowest value of the OCE achieves a 10% relative arc length on the suction side of the vane; however, the highest value appears at 40% relative arc length on the pressure side of the vane. The averaged values of the OCE are respectively enhanced by 19.45%, 24.22%, and 35.57% at temperature ratios equal to 1.7, 1.9, and 2.3, with an increase of the KG from 0.034 to 0.050. Added to that, it was identified that an increase of KT from 1.7 to 2.3 leads to the decrease of the OCE. The comparison results show that this characteristic becomes dramatical while KG is 0.034. The higher KT leads to a greater influence of KG, which is illustrated clearly by the compared results of the OCE.
Semi-classical propagation of wavepackets for the phase space Schrödinger equation: interpretation in terms of the Feichtinger algebra

The nearby orbit method is a powerful tool for constructing semi-classical solutions of Schrödinger's equation when the initial datum is a coherent state. In this paper, we first extend this method to arbitrary squeezed states and thereafter apply our results to the Schrödinger equation in phase space. This adaptation requires the phase-space Weyl calculus developed in previous work of ours. We also study the regularity of the semi-classical solutions from the point of view of the Feichtinger algebra familiar from the theory of modulation spaces.
Plasma Fatty Acids, Not Dietary Fatty Acids, Associated with Obesity in Four Ethnic Minority Groups Unique to Southwest China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Dietary fatty acids (DFAs) and plasma fatty acids (PFAs) are linked to obesity. However, whether this association exists among ethnic minorities remains lacking. The present cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the correlation between DFAs, PFAs and obesity in four ethnic minority groups to Southwest China. Methods A total of 166 obese people, and 166 normal-BMI subjects matched based on their age-, sex-, and ethnicity- were recruited from four different ethnic minority groups. DFAs were obtained through food frequency questionnaires. PFAs were assayed by GC/MS method. Binary and multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation among DFAs, PFAs and obesity. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was conducted to assess the relationship between DFAs and PFAs. Results FAs were found to be highest in the Naxi people and lowest in the Hani people. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma C16:0 (OR = 1.310; 95% CI, 1.028–1.669) in the Hani people; plasma C20:3 n-6 (OR = 6.250; 95% CI, 1.224–31.927) and dietary C20:1 (OR = 9.231; 95% CI, 1.253–68.016) in the Wa people; plasma C18:0 (OR = 0.788; 95% CI, 0.681–0.912) in the Naxi people were seen to be independent predictive factors for obesity. CCA showed that DFAs were positively correlated with PFAs in the Naxi (r: 0.676; P < 0.05) and Bulang people (r: 0.897; P < 0.05), but there was no correlation in the Hani and Wa people. Conclusion In this study, PFAs but not DFAs were independently associated with obesity, and different among the four ethnic minorities.
Short-pulse model-atom studies of ionization in intense laser fields

We study the evolution of ionization probability in a simple one-dimensional model atom with a delta-function potential for very short, intense laser pulses. The intensities are in the ranges where tunnelling and over-the-barrier ionization take place. A full numerical solution For the time-dependent Schrodinger equation is obtained and a detailed comparison is made between the results for rectangular and smooth pulses. The ultra-intense field limit is verified to follow the ionization expected from an oscillating Volkov wavepacket which is uniformly spreading. No signs of ionization suppression or bound state stabilization are seen.