Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances on Perforated Panels for Sound Absorption Applications

 Abstract —Perforated panel sound absorbers have become one of the most promising passive noise control solutions not only because of their excellent sound absorption performance but also because of their high structural strength and durability. These features make them an interesting eco-friendly alternative to traditional porous fibrous media or foams, especially in those scenarios implying aggressive environmental agents (e. g. strong wind, heavy rain…) or severe working conditions (e. g. turbines, jet engines…). Many engineering applications of these systems can be found in practice ranging from noise barriers and room acoustics conditioning to the design of muffler devices and MRI scanners. This work briefly reviews the fundamentals of classical perforated panel sound absorbers and reports some recent advances in their use for sound absorption applications.
Iterative learning control for nonlinear dynamic systems with randomly varying trial lengths

In this paper, we introduce an iterative learning control (ILC) scheme based on an iteratively moving average operator for nonlinear dynamic systems with randomly varying trial lengths. By using the iteratively moving average operator, the proposed ILC algorithm overcomes the limitation of traditional ILC that all trial lengths must be identical. It is shown that for nonlinear affine and non‐affine systems, the proposed learning algorithm works effectively to nullify the tracking error. In the end, two illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the performance and the effectiveness of the proposed ILC scheme for nonlinear dynamic systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fraud Power Laws

Using misstatement data, we find that the distribution of detected fraud features a heavy tail. We propose a theoretical mechanism that explains such a relatively high frequency of extreme frauds. In our dynamic model, a manager manipulates earnings for personal gain. A monitor of uncertain quality can detect fraud and punish the manager. As the monitor fails to detect fraud, the manager's posterior belief about the monitor's effectiveness decreases. Over time, the manager's learning leads to a slippery slope, in which the size of frauds grows steeply, and to a power law for detected fraud. Empirical analyses corroborate the slippery slope and the learning channel. As a policy implication, we establish that a higher detection intensity can increase fraud by enabling the manager to identify an ineffective monitor more quickly. Further, non‐detection of frauds below a materiality threshold, paired with a sufficiently steep punishment scheme, can prevent large frauds.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Energy Spectrum of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays with Extra-Galactic Origin

We carried out a numerical calculation for the propagation of ultra·high energy cosmic ray nucleons in the intergalactic space by a Monte·Carlo method. The resulting energy spectrum above 10'8 eV is modified by the interaction of nucleons with the micro wave background (MWB) photons, forming a bump and a cutoff, with position depending on the propagation distance and source distribution. It is found that the treatment of the evolution of the universe and the interactions between cosmic rays and MWB photons is crucial. We also calculated the spectra of neutrinos and gamma rays proquced by the interaction of nucleons with MWB photons. The flux of these particles strongly depends on propagation distance, cosmological evolution parameter and the maximum energy of the cosmic rays. The possibility to detect the secondary neutrinos is also discussed.
Random-Energy Model: Limit of a Family of Disordered Models

In this Letter, a simple model of disordered systems---the random-energy model---is introduced and solved. This model is the limit of a family of disordered models, when the correlations between the energy levels become negligible. The properties are qualitatively the same as those of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. Moreover, this random-energy model looks like a simple approximation to any spin-glass model.
On the Development of Different Kinds of Criminal Activity

Research has established that individuals who participate in one form of antisocial behavior are at relatively high risk of participating in other forms of antisocial behavior as well. In this article, the authors rely on recent methodological advances to study the longitudinal development of two different forms of antisocial behavior: serious violent offenses and other offenses. The results of their analysis of two Philadelphia birth cohorts suggest that trajectories of offending differ more in degree than in kind and that relative standing in the distribution of violent offending is associated with relative standing in the distribution of other types of offending activity.
A global existence theorem for Smoluchowski’s coagulation equations

where the bij and Ck are continuous functions of t such that bij = bji > 0 and Ck > 0. The bij arising in applications typically increase without bound as i andj increase, so that (1) is beyond the reach of standard results on differential equations in Banach spaces. The case b,j 0) initial solution which does not, in general, extend to t > 1. The bij arising in most applications satisfy the more restrictive condition bij < i + j, for which case the present note demonstrates the existence of global, well-behaved solutions.
Possibilities and Challenges of Superconducting Qubits in the Intrinsic Josephson Junctions

SUMMARY Intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) in the high-T c cuprate superconductors have several fascinating properties, which are superior to the usual Josephson junctions obtained from conventional superconductors with low T c , as follows; (1) a very thin thickness of the superconducting layers, (2) a strong interaction between junctions since neighboring junctions are closely connected in an atomic scale, (3) a clean interface between the superconducting and insulating layers, realized in a single crystal with few disorders. These unique properties of IJJs can enlarge the applicable areas of the superconducting qubits, not only the increase of qubit-operation temperature but the novel application of qubits including the macroscopic quantum states with internal degree of freedom. I present a comprehensive review of the phase dynamics in current-biased IJJs and argue the challenges of superconducting qubits utilizing IJJs.
Uniqueness and Eventual Uniqueness of Optimal Designs in Some Time Series Models

Abstract : Earlier results on the uniqueness and eventual uniqueness of optimal designs for certain time series models are extended to a wider class of processes which includes those with covariance structures such as that of multiple integrals of Brownian motion and Brownian bridge processes. The relationship between the problems of regression design for time series and piecewise polynomial approximation with free breakpoints is discussed and, consequently, asymptotic results obtained by Sacks and Ylvisaker (1970) are seen to hold under weaker assumptions for these processes.
Dynamics of stimulated emission in InAs quantum-dot laser structures measured in pump-probe experiments

Nonlinear carrier-photon dynamics are studied for optically pumped InAs quantum-dot (QD) laser structures, using excitation into the GaAs barrier by two degenerate pump and probe laser pulses. The nonlinear emission from QDs excited by the pump pulse is further amplified by the probe excitation. By varying the delay between the two pulses, a very fast decay of the QD excited state emission is measured. Notably slower dynamics for the QD ground state are observed, governed by state filling phenomena that result in gain saturation.
Experimental and computational analysis of the ancestry of an evolutionary young enzyme from histidine biosynthesis

The conservation of fold and chemistry of the enzymes associated with histidine biosynthesis suggests that this pathway evolved prior to the diversification of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes. The only exception is the histidinol phosphate phosphatase (HolPase). So far, non‐homologous HolPases that possess distinct folds and belong to three different protein superfamilies have been identified in various phylogenetic clades. However, their evolution has remained unknown to date. Here, we analyzed the evolutionary history of the HolPase from γ‐Proteobacteria (HisB‐N). It has been argued that HisB‐N and its closest homologue d‐glycero‐d‐manno‐heptose‐1,7‐bisphosphate 7‐phosphatase (GmhB) have emerged from the same promiscuous ancestral phosphatase. GmhB variants catalyze the hydrolysis of the anomeric d‐glycero‐d‐manno‐heptose‐1,7‐bisphosphate (αHBP or βHBP) with a strong preference for one anomer (αGmhB or βGmhB). We found that HisB‐N from Escherichia coli shows promiscuous activity for βHBP but not αHBP, while βGmhB from Crassaminicella sp. shows promiscuous activity for HolP. Accordingly, a combined phylogenetic tree of αGmhBs, βGmhBs, and HisB‐N sequences revealed that HisB‐Ns form a compact subcluster derived from βGmhBs. Ancestral sequence reconstruction and in vitro analysis revealed a promiscuous HolPase activity in the resurrected enzymes prior to functional divergence of the successors. The following increase in catalytic efficiency of the HolP turnover is reflected in the shape and electrostatics of the active site predicted by AlphaFold. An analysis of the phylogenetic tree led to a revised evolutionary model that proposes the horizontal gene transfer of a promiscuous βGmhB from δ‐ to γ‐Proteobacteria where it evolved to the modern HisB‐N.
Isolation of DDoS Attacks and Flash Events in Internet Traffic Using Deep Learning Techniques

The adoption of network function visualization (NFV) and software-defined radio (SDN) has created a tremendous increase in Internet traffic due to flexibility brought in the network layer. An increase in traffic flowing through the network poses a security threat that becomes tricky to detect and hence selects an appropriate mitigation strategy. Under such a scenario occurrence of the distributed denial of service (DDoS) and flash events (FEs) affect the target servers and interrupt services. Isolating the attacks is the first step before selecting an appropriate mitigation technique. However, detecting and isolating the DDoS attacks from FEs when happening simultaneously is a challenge that has attracted the attention of many researchers. This study proposes a deep learning framework to detect the FEs and DDoS attacks occurring simultaneously in the network and isolates one from the other. This step is crucial in designing appropriate mechanisms to enhance network resilience against such cyber threats. The experiments indicate that the proposed model possesses a high accuracy level in detecting and isolating DDoS attacks and FEs in networked systems.
Immunohistochemical localisation of aquaporin 2 and vasopressin type 2 receptor in the human endolymphatic sac

Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the distribution and subcellular localisation of aquaporin 2 and vasopressin type 2 receptor in the human endolymphatic sac. Methods Ten samples of human endolymphatic sac were collected during acoustic neurinoma removal using the translabyrinthine approach. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed using aquaporin 2 and vasopressin type 2 receptor monoclonal antibodies. Results Confocal microscopy demonstrated that vasopressin type 2 receptor labelling was expressed in both the apical and basolateral plasma membranes, and in the cytoplasm of the endolymphatic sac epithelium, whereas aquaporin 2 was strongly expressed at the basolateral site of the endolymphatic sac epithelium, in both the intraosseous and extraosseous parts of the endolymphatic sac. Conclusion Both aquaporin 2 and vasopressin type 2 receptor were detected in the epithelial cells of the human endolymphatic sac, suggesting that this channel may be involved in inner-ear fluid homeostasis. However, strong basolateral expression of aquaporin 2 in endolymphatic sac epithelium suggested that the function of aquaporin 2 may differ between the endolymphatic sac and kidney.
Schémas compacts basés sur le résidu d'ordre élevé pour des écoulements compressibles instationnaires. Application à de la capture de fines échelles.

Les solveurs de calcul en mecanique des fluides numerique (solveurs CFD) ont atteint leur maturite en termes de precision et d'efficacite de calcul. Toutefois, des progres restent a faire pour les ecoulements instationnaires surtout lorsqu'ils sont regis par de grandes structures coherentes. Pour ces ecoulements, les solveurs CFD actuels n'apportent pas de solutions assez precises a moins d'utiliser des maillages tres fins. De plus, la haute precision est une caracteristique cruciale pour l'application des strategies avancees de simulation de turbulence, comme la Simulation des Grandes Echelles (LES). Afin d'appliquer les methodes d'ordre eleve pour les ecoulements instationnaires complexes plusieurs points doivent etre abordes dont la robustesse numerique et la capacite a gerer des geometries complexes.Dans cette these, nous etudions une famille d'approximations compactes qui offrent une grande precision non pour chaque derivee spatiale traitee separement mais pour le residu r complet, c'est a dire la somme de tous les termes des equations considerees. Pour des problemes stationnaires resolus par avancement temporelle, r est le residu a l'etat stationnaire ne comprenant que des derivees spatiales; pour des problemes instationnaires r comprend egalement la derivee temporelle. Ce type de schemas sont appeles schemas Compacts Bases sur le Residu (RBC). Plus precisement, nous developpons des schemas RBC d'ordre eleve pour des ecoulements instationnaires compressibles, et menons une etude approfondie de leurs proprietes de dissipation. Nous analysons ensuite les erreurs de dissipation et la dispersion introduites par les schemas RBC afin de quantifier leur capacite a resoudre une longueur d'onde donnee en utilisant un nombre minimal de points de maillage. Les capacites de la dissipation de RBC a drainer seulement l'energie aux petites echelles sous-resolues sont egalement examinees en vue de l'application des schemas RBC pour des simulations LES implicites (ILES). Enfin, les schemas RBC sont etendus a la formulation de type volumes finis (FV) afin de gerer des geometries complexes. Une formulation FV des schemas RBC d'ordre trois preservant une precision d'ordre eleve sur des maillages irreguliers est presentee et analysee. Des applications numeriques, dont la simulation d'ecoulements instationnaires complexes de turbomachines regis par les equations de Navier-Stokes moyennees et des simulations ILES d'ecoulements turbulents domines par des structures coherentes dynamiques ou en decroissance, confirment les resultats theoriques.
Large eddy simulation of surface pressure fluctuations generated by elevated gusts

A surface monitoring system that can detect turbulence aloft would benefit wind turbine damage prevention, aircraft safety, and would be a new probe to study the atmospheric boundary layer. Previous research indicated that elevated velocity events may trigger pressure fluctuations on the ground. If that is true, it should be possible to monitor elevated wind gusts by measuring these pressure fluctuations. The goal of this project was to develop a ground based detection method that monitors pressure fluctuations on the ground for indicators that a gust event may be taking place at higher altitudes. Using gust data generated with a convective boundary layer large eddy simulation, cross-correlation analysis between the time evolution of the frequency content corresponding to elevated wind gusts and the pressure on the ground below were investigated. Several common features of the pressures caused by elevated gusts were identified. These features were used to develop a tracking program that monitors fast movi.
South American Cold Surges: Types, Composites, and Case Studies

Abstract This paper examines the climatological, large-scale, and synoptic-scale aspects of South American cold surges using NCEP–NCAR gridded reanalyses for the 1992–96 period. Three common cold surge types are identified on the basis of a thickness (1000–850 hPa) criteria: type 1—a transient surge associated with weak anticyclone development east of the Andes in the absence of ridging aloft, type 2—a strong and persistent surge associated with dynamic anticyclogenesis aloft and strong surface anticyclone development east of the Andes, and type 3—a surge east of the Brazilian coastal mountains. Cold surges are most common during the winter and spring (Jun–Nov), accounting for 189 of the 256 events (74%). Case studies of two events (19–22 Jul 1992 and 12–14 Apr 1993) are conducted from both a conventional isobaric and a potential vorticity (PV) perspective. The upper-air flow pattern in the July 1992 type 2 case is characterized by the presence of a strong ridge–trough couplet, which amplifies and becomes.
The structure of shock waves in magnetohydrodynamics for purely transverse magnetic fields

The shock wave structure problem in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) reduces to finding heteroclinic orbits for an ordinary differential equation (ODE) system of six variables depending on four viscosity parameters $\mu ,\nu,\mu _1 ,\kappa $; one electrical parameter $\varepsilon $; and a magnetic parameter $\delta $. For $\delta > 0$ this system admits four rest points $u_i ( \delta ),0\leqq i\leqq 3$ but for $\delta = 0$, this system admits two rest points $\bar u_0 $ and $\bar u_1 $. The heteroclinic orbit between $u_0 ( \delta )$ and $u_1 ( \delta )$ is the structure for the fast shock, while the connecting orbit between $\bar u_0 $ and $\bar u_1 $ corresponds to the structure for the case of rectilinear motion. Some theorems on the continuous dependence of the heteroclinic solutions with respect to the change of parameters will be proven. By using these, it is shown that the heteroclinic orbit between $\bar u_0 $ and $\bar u_1 $, exists and is unique. Moreover, this orbit is the limiting case of the connec.
College Students' Conceptions of Probability

Students in an introductory statistics class were surveyed regarding their views about probability. The students were asked to assign some probabilities and give explanations for their assignments. Results from the surveys indicate that students were generally confused about the classical, frequency, and subjective notions of probabilities. Although the students were able to solve stylized classical probability problems, they were apt to assume that experimental outcomes were equally likely even when this assumption was inappropriate. In addition, the students were not comfortable specifying probabilities using the frequency and subjective views. This article discusses how this confusion about the interpretation of probability affects the teaching of an introductory statistics class and provides some activities helpful for teaching the various probability viewpoints.
Oblique propagation of large amplitude electromagnetic solitons in pair plasmas

Waves in pair plasmas have a fundamentally different dispersion due to the equal charge-to-mass ratios between negative and positive charges, which mix different time scales. In view of possible applications, e.g., to electron-positron and fullerene pair plasmas, stationary nonlinear structures are investigated for oblique or perpendicular propagation with respect to the static magnetic field. A generalized large amplitude extraordinary mode is found, having a linearly polarized electric field that is orthogonal to both the directions of wave propagation and of the static magnetic field. When the Alfvenic Mach number is in a suitably defined range, the pseudoenergy integral admits solutions with a negative wave electric field, in a cone around parallel propagation, and solutions with a positive wave electric field, at all angles of propagation. The exact analytical solution describing these solitary waves has also been obtained. At weakly nonlinear amplitudes, the solutions reduce to familiar solutions of.
A neutral hydrogen study of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 5033

Neutral hydrogen observations of 22.7 x 18.5 arcsec2 resolution are presented fo.r the Seyfert type 1 galaxy NGC 5033. Our measurements show that the total HI mass of the galaxy is 7.0 X 109 Mo and that it is receding at 870 kIn s -1. The column density map features prominent H I spiral arms and an asymmetric plume of H I which extends ",6 kpc south of the galaxy. We find a well-ordered velocity field and the large-scale kinematical warp in the galactic disc has been modelled. The inner region of the velocity field is well fitted by a fiat, inclined disc with inclination 68° and position angle 352°, but due to warping these fall to 64° and 342°, respectively, at large radii. Attention is paid to factors that may be related to Seyfert activity in the nucleus and we find some evidence for a previous tidal encounter but little evidence for a bar, or significant non-circular motions in the central regions. Large concentrations of HI at the galactic centre appear to show no evidence of interaction with the active nucleus.
Clinico-pathological correlations and outcomes of de novo glomerular diseases in patients after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

ABSTRACT Background Various glomerular pathologies have been reported in patients who have undergone haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but the data on clinico-pathological correlations and clinical outcome remain limited. Methods We analysed the clinical and histopathological data of patients who had biopsy-proven de novo glomerular diseases after HSCT since 1999. Results A total of 2204 patients underwent HSCT during the period 1999–2021, and 31 patients (1.4%) developed de novo glomerular diseases after a mean duration of 2.8 ± 2.7 years after HSCT. Fifteen of these patients (48.4%) had graft-versus-host-disease prior to or concomitant with renal abnormalities. Proteinuria and eGFR at the time of kidney biopsy were 4.1 ± 5.3 g/day and 50.8 ± 25.4 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Kidney histopathologic diagnoses included thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) (38.7%), membranous nephropathy (MN) (25.8%), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (12.9%), minimal change disease (9.7%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (9.7%) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (3.2%). Immunosuppressive treatment was given to patients who presented with nephrotic-range proteinuria and/or acute kidney injury, while renin–angiotensin–aldosterone blockade was given to all patients with proteinuria ≥1 g/day, with complete and partial response rates of 54.8% and 19.4%, respectively. One patient with TMA progressed to end-stage kidney disease after 24 weeks, and two patients, one with TMA and one with MN, (6.4%) progressed to chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stage ≥3. Kidney and patient survival rates were 96.6% and 83.5%, respectively, at 5 years. Conclusion De novo glomerular diseases with diverse histopathologic manifestations affect 1.4% of patients after HSCT, and approximately 10% develop progressive CKD.