Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Koenigs' ratios for iterates of real functions

In a recent note, M. Kuczama [5] has obtained a general result concerning real solutions φ(x) on the interval 0 ≦ x < a ≦∞ of the Schröder functional equation providing the known real function satisfies the following (quite weak) conditions: f(x) is continuous and strictly increasing in ([0 a);(0) = 0 and 0 <f(x) <x for x ∈ (0, a); limx→0+ {f(x)/x} = s; and f(x)/x is monotonic in (0, a).
Investigating the importance of social presence on intentions to adopt an AI romantic partner

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has created the possibility of a machine agent serving as a relationship partner. Though this may sound like a radical idea, this type of technology is already available. To understand this new and unique phenomenon, the present study investigates perceptions of an AI romantic partner in a serial multiple mediator model. Based on data collected from male, undergraduate students, the study finds that the perceived social presence of an AI romantic partner leads to greater perceived realism of interacting with the AI, which fosters more favorable attitudes toward the AI. Finally, more favorable attitudes lead to greater intentions to adopt the AI. Collectively, the findings suggest the need to further investigate how people perceive personalized AI agents in relation to their personal and social life.
Biological, Physical, and Atmospheric Controls on the Distribution of Cadmium and Its Isotopes in the Pacific Ocean

Despite the Pacific being the location of the earliest seawater Cd studies, the processes which control Cd distributions in this region remain incompletely understood, largely due to the sparsity of data. Here, we present dissolved Cd and δ114Cd data from the US GEOTRACES GP15 meridional transect along 152°W from the Alaskan margin to the equatorial Pacific. Our examination of this region's surface ocean Cd isotope systematics is consistent with previous observations, showing a stark disparity between northern Cd‐rich high‐nutrient low‐chlorophyll waters and Cd‐depleted waters of the subtropical and equatorial Pacific. Away from the margin, an open system model ably describes data in Cd‐depleted surface waters, but atmospheric inputs of isotopically light Cd likely play an important role in setting surface Cd isotope ratios (δ114Cd) at the lowest Cd concentrations. Below the surface, Southern Ocean processes and water mass mixing are the dominant control on Pacific Cd and δ114Cd distributions. Cd‐depleted Antarctic Intermediate Water has a far‐reaching effect on North Pacific intermediate waters as far as 47°N, contrasting with northern‐sourced Cd signatures in North Pacific Intermediate Water. Finally, we show that the previously identified negative Cd* signal at depth in the North Pacific is associated with the PO4 maximum and is thus a consequence of an integrated regeneration signal of Cd and PO4 at a slightly lower Cd:P ratio than the deep ocean ratio (0.35 mmol mol−1), rather than being related to in situ removal processes in low‐oxygen waters.
Structural Damage Prediction in a High-Velocity Urban Dam-Break Flood: Field-Scale Assessment of Predictive Skill

AbstractDam safety and flood risk management programs are dependent on damage predictions that are difficult to validate and subject to considerable uncertainty. The 1963 Baldwin Hills dam-break flood caused high-velocity flows exceeding 5 m/s and structural failure of 41 wood-framed residences built in the mid-1940s, 16 of which were completely washed out. The flood is revisited here to examine the predictive skill and variability of established structural damage models when coupled with a hydraulic flood model that predicts parcel-scale depths and velocities. Two-way coupling is introduced so that predictions of structural failure affect localized flood predictions, which in turn affects damage predictions, in contrast to one-way coupling where structural failure has no impact on flood predictions. Two damage states defined by structural failure (Level 2) and washout (Level 3) are considered, along with 10 different structural damage models. One damage model considers flood depth alone, while the remain.
Prominence atlas in the SUMER range 800-1250 A. II. Line profile properties and ions identifications

We present a SOHO/SUMER spectral atlas in the 800–1250 A range of a prominence and a Quiet Sun (QS) region observed in 1999. The atlas is produced for two separate areas of the prominence. The QS spectrum is used as a reference. This is the first prominence atlas obtained with high spectral resolution ( ≈ 0.044 A). It provides information concerning more than 550 line profiles, in terms of position, total radiance, and FWHM , along with the ion identification. Forty new lines have been identified with respect to previously published spectra.
Drug Metabolism of Hepatocyte-like Organoids and Their Applicability in In Vitro Toxicity Testing

Emerging advances in the field of in vitro toxicity testing attempt to meet the need for reliable human-based safety assessment in drug development. Intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs) are described as a donor-derived in vitro model for disease modelling and regenerative medicine. Here, we explored the potential of hepatocyte-like ICOs (HL-ICOs) in in vitro toxicity testing by exploring the expression and activity of genes involved in drug metabolism, a key determinant in drug-induced toxicity, and the exposure of HL-ICOs to well-known hepatotoxicants. The current state of drug metabolism in HL-ICOs showed levels comparable to those of PHHs and HepaRGs for CYP3A4; however, other enzymes, such as CYP2B6 and CYP2D6, were expressed at lower levels. Additionally, EC50 values were determined in HL-ICOs for acetaminophen (24.0–26.8 mM), diclofenac (475.5–>500 µM), perhexiline (9.7–>31.5 µM), troglitazone (23.1–90.8 µM), and valproic acid (>10 mM). Exposure to the hepatotoxicants showed EC50s in HL-ICOs comparable to those in PHHs and HepaRGs; however, for acetaminophen exposure, HL-ICOs were less sensitive. Further elucidation of enzyme and transporter activity in drug metabolism in HL-ICOs and exposure to a more extensive compound set are needed to accurately define the potential of HL-ICOs in in vitro toxicity testing.
Momentneutrality and dipole-screened model in the dusty plasma

If a particle in an anisotropic plasma is replaced by a charge q0 and a dipole p0, without modifying the moment of the monopole and the dipole, the approximation method neglecting higher-order terms is not sufficient for describing the actual potential distribution around the particle. By introducing the concepts of the 'apparent' charge q and the 'apparent' dipole p in this paper, the surface potential of the particle caused by q0 + p0 and the sheath charge+dipole can be decided by q + p. If we assume that the dusty plasma has roughly equal moments of particle dipoles (+) and sheath dipoles (−), i.e. 'momentneutrality', besides the electroneutrality relation, the relationship between the actual moment and the 'apparent' moment can be acquired, and the potential around the particle can be calculated self-consistently. Based on the physical model, the electrostatic force on an isolated particle in an anisotropic plasma may be calculated and the pair interaction potential energy between particles or the coupling parameter can be acquired even for high κa values. Compared with other methods, the system is solvable analytically and thus yields clear insight into its physical behaviour.
A Comparison of Soil-Moisture Sensitivity in Two Global Climate Models

Abstract Area-averaged surface hydrological processes from two global spectral general circulation climate models coupled to simple slab-ocean mixed layers are compared for the climates simulated with present-day (control) and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). The models were developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). Both models use highly parameterized surface processes and the so-called “bucket” (15-cm field capacity) soil-moisture method. For increased CO2 compared to the control, both models simulate more snowmelt in winter and early spring and less in late spring. more runoff in early spring and less in late spring, and increased precipitation, evaporation, and latent-heat flux, particularly in sprint However, the models differ in several key respects for the increased CO2 compared to the control. In spite of a qualitatively similar annual cycle of soil moisture, the NCAR model simulates soil-moisture amounts much .
Testing exponenttality against monotone failure rate average

Let X1 … Xn be a random sample from an absol-utely continuous life distribution with distribution function F. We consider the problem of testing the null hypothesis H0: F is negative exponential (with unknown scale parameter) against the alternative H1 F is IFRA and not exponential. The test statistic is . The test has good ARE properties and is consistent for testing Ho against H1The exact critical values have been tabulated for n = 2(1)20 and power comparisons have been made on the basis of Monte Carlo studies. This test has been applied to one real example.
Unconventional critical behavior in the weak ferromagnet BaIrO3

We report the results of ac/dc magnetization study of the critical behavior in a weak ferromagnet BaIrO3. The critical temperature has been determined to be Tc=182.8 K by the ac susceptibility measurement. We have analyzed our dc magnetization data near Tc with the help of the modified Arrott plot method. The critical exponents have been determined to be β=0.82±0.03, γ=1.03±0.03, and δ=2.20±0.01, which roughly obeys δ=γ/β+1. Using these values of Tc, β, and γ, we find that each magnetization-field-temperature (M-H-T) behavior below and above Tc obeys a scaling relation, following a single equation of state in which M/|ε|β is uniquely related to H/|ε|(γ+β) where ε≡(T-Tc)/Tc. These findings demonstrate that the ferromagnetic transition in BaIrO3 belongs to a new universality class of the second-order phase transition.
High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the supernova remnant N132D

A joint nonequilibrium ionization analysis of spectral data from the Einstein Observatory of the SNR N132D in the LMC is presented on the basis of data from the Focal Plane Crystal Spectrometer (FPCS) and the Solid State Spectrometer (SSS), and lower spectral resolution data from the IPC and the Monitor Proportional Counter (MPC). The FPCS detected individual emission lines of O VII, O VIII, Ne IX, Ne X, Fe XVII, and possibly Fe XX. Measured line widths for the oxygen lines suggest Doppler broadening that is roughly consistent with optically measured expansion velocities of 2250 km/s. At the SSS/IPC temperature, FPCS flux ratios constrain the O/Fe abundance to be at least 1.9 times its solar value and the O/Ne abundance to be 0.2-1.0 times its solar value. Models for remnants with progenitor masses of 20 and 25 solar masses are completely consistent with the data, while remnants with progenitor masses of 13 and 15 solar masses can be made consistent if the progenitors are required to eject a large fraction of their iron cores.
The application of preconditioning in viscous flows

A time-derivative preconditioning algorithm that is effective over a wide range of flow conditions from inviscid to very diffusive flows and from low speed to supersonic flows has been developed. The algorithm uses a preconditioning matrix that introduces well-conditioned eigenvalues while simultaneously avoiding nonphysical time reversals for viscous flows. The resulting algorithm also provides a mechanism for controlling the inviscid and viscous time step parameters at very diffusive flows, thereby ensuring rapid convergence for very viscous flows as well as for inviscid flows. Computational capabilities are demonstrated through computation of a wide variety of problems. Convergence rates are shown to be accelerated by as much as two orders of magnitudes, while providing solutions that are indentical to those obtained without preconditioning method.
Saline pisciculture effluent as an alternative for irrigation of Croton blanchetianus (Euphorbiaceae)

ABSTRACT The use of saline effluents from fish farming in agricultural activities has been increasing, especially in semiarid regions. This study was to evaluate the use of saline effluents from fish farming for the irrigation of Croton blanchetianus and to analyze the physiological and biochemical responses. After the cuttings were planted, irrigation with the effluent began. Treatments included four salinity levels (control, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 dS m-1). The control treatment was the supply water (0.56 dS m-1). The evaluated variables were growth, relative water content, dry biomass, and levels of proteins, proline, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and photosynthetic pigments. Physiological and biochemical adjustments ensured the maintenance of relative water content and osmotic adjustment under saline conditions without increasing lipid peroxidation. The salinity levels did not affect C. blanchetianus, indicating the lack of saline stress. The fish farm effluents are rich in organic matter, from food, and excrement, which was beneficial for the development of C. blanchetianus. The reuse of saline effluents from fish farming for the irrigation of C. blanchetianus can be a viable environmental alternative, avoiding direct disposal into the environment.
Changing seasonality of daily and monthly precipitation extremes for the contiguous USA and possible connections with large‐scale climate patterns

Temporal changes in the seasonality of extreme precipitation, and possible teleconnections between the seasonality of extreme precipitation and large‐scale climate patterns are not well understood. In this study, we investigated temporal changes in seasonality of annual daily maximum (ADM) and monthly maximum (MM) precipitation indices over the period 1951–2014 for 1,108 stations across the contiguous USA. We also examined seasonality of extreme precipitation during negative and positive phases of three major oscillations: the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Northern Atlantic Oscillation, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Our results show that many climate regions within the contiguous USA display distinct seasonality for both ADM and MM. Comparison of seasonality between two historical records of equal length, that is, before and after 1981, shows great spatial variability across the contiguous USA. While a spatial coherence of change in the mean date of occurrence of extreme precipitation across a large area is not visible, a cluster of stations showing decrease in strength of seasonality for the recent period is concentrated in the eastern Gulf Coast and coastal sites of Northeast and Northwest regions. Extreme precipitation seasonality during negative and positive phases of three climate indices revealed that large‐scale climate variabilities have a strong influence on the mean date of occurrence of extreme precipitation but generally weak influence on the strength of seasonality in the contiguous USA. Results from our study might be helpful for sustainable water resource management, flood risk mitigation, and prediction of future precipitation seasonality.
Parameter Estimation in the Presence of Bounded Data Uncertainties

We formulate and solve a new parameter estimation problem in the presence of data uncertainties. The new method is suitable when a priori bounds on the uncertain data are available, and its solution leads to more meaningful results, especially when compared with other methods such as total least-squares and robust estimation. Its superior performance is due to the fact that the new method guarantees that the effect of the uncertainties will never be unnecessarily over-estimated, beyond what is reasonably assumed by the a priori bounds. A geometric interpretation of the solution is provided, along with a closed form expression for it. We also consider the case in which only selected columns of the coefficient matrix are subject to perturbations.
Some Lessons Learned on the Impact of the Storage Conditions, Syringe Wash Solvent, and the Way of GC-MS Injection on the Reproducibility of Metabolomic Studies

Metabolomics based on two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is making high demands on accuracy at all stages of sample preparation, up to the storage and injection into the analytical system. In high sample flow conditions, good repeatability in peak areas and a list of detectable metabolites is sometimes challenging to obtain. In this research, we successfully obtained good repeatability for the peak areas of MSFTA-derivatives of 29 core blood plasma metabolites. Six different strategies of storage and injection were investigated and evaluated for the reproducibility of the obtained data. As the essential factors, we considered popular GC-MS syringe washing solvents (methanol and pyridine); storage conditions (freshly prepared samples and stored for 24 h in ambient temperature or in the refrigerator); scheme of injection (one injection per intact vial or three sequential injections per vial). Our GC×GC-MS results demonstrated that the usage of pyridine as a syringe wash solvent and triple injecting the sample from the same vial was the most appropriate for minimizing the coefficient of variation (CV) of the results obtained (in general, <10%). The prolonged storage of samples does not have a noticeable effect on the change in the areas of chromatographic peaks of metabolites, although it reduces CV in some cases. These storage and injection recommendations can be used in future study protocols for the GC×GC-MS analysis of blood plasma.
Interaction of a dislocation with a crack

A solution is given of the field equations of nonlocal elasticity for a line crack interacting with a screw dislocation in an elastic plane under antiplane shear loading. Displacement and stress fields are determined throughout the core region and beyond. In the case when the dislocation is absent, the circumferential stress is shown to vanish at the crack tip, increasing to a maximum along the crack line afterwards decreasing to its classical value at large distances from the crack tip. This is in contradiction with the classical elasticity solutions which predicts stress singularity at the crack tip and it is in accordance with the physical condition that the crack tip surface must be free of surface tractions. The presence of the dislocation alters the stress distribution considerably when it is close to the crack tip. The stress distributions in the core region are displayed. A fracture criterion based on the maximum stress is established and used to determine the theoretical strengths of pure crystal.
Electrical properties of form III poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Abstract Form III poly(vinylidene fluoride) crystals were easily obtained by an isothermal crystallization between 165 and 175°C. The dielectric relaxation for the form III crystal was observed at high temperatures, where values of dielectric constant e′ and loss factor e″ were very large. The e′ underwent almost a tenfold increase when the temperature was raised from 150°C to the melting point (198°C) of the sample. The sharp drop in e′ beyond the melting point was even more striking. Also, at 100 Hz, the e″ reached a very sharp maximum at about 180°C. The relaxation strength was about 2.8 × 104. According to the results of mechanical and DSC measurements, it may be concluded that this high temperature relaxation is due to the form III crystallites. There are two possibilities for the mechanism responsible for the relaxation: (I) the orientational motion of crystallites accompanied by the applied ac electric field; (2) the motion of the domain boundaries of the form III polar crystallites which bring abo.
Firespread through fuel beds: Modeling of wind-aided fires and induced hydrodynamics

The propagation of wind-aided line fires through fuel beds is simulated by using a multiphase approach. In this approach, a gas phase flows through N solid phases which constitute an idealized reproduction of the heterogeneous combustible medium. A set of time-dependent equations is obtained for each phase and the coupling between the gas phase and the solid phases is rendered through exchange terms of mass, momentum, and energy. Turbulence is approached by using a RNG k−e statistical model constructed from the Favre averaging method. The radiative transfer equation extended to multiphase media is solved using the discrete ordinates method (DOM). Soot formation is taken into account for the evaluation of the absorption coefficient of the soot/fuel particles/combustion products mixture using the gray gas assumption. First-order kinetics is incorporated to describe water vaporization, pyrolysis, and char combustion processes. The solution is performed numerically by a finite-volume method including a high-o.
Left Cells with a-Value 4 in the Affine Weyl Groups (i = 6, 7, 8)

The aim of the present article is to describe all the left cells of a-value 4 in the affine Weyl groups . We find a representative set of those left cells which occur as the vertex set of the corresponding left cell graphs by applying Shi's algorithm. Then we find all the distinguished involutions in those left cells. We show that those left cells are left-connected, verifying a conjecture of Lusztig in our case.