Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Regarding Basic Life Support Among the Population With Relatives Suffering From Heart Diseases in the Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Background and objective Basic Life Support (BLS) is critical because it keeps patients with life-threatening illnesses or injuries alive and maintains viability until a team of paramedics or hospital staff can provide expert care. There are many events that can result in serious injury and cause a person to stop breathing. BLS awareness among the population who have relatives with heart diseases greatly increases their confidence to act quickly when necessary and reduces their level of hesitation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the level of clinical competence in the population who have relatives with heart diseases for them to recognize and respond to individuals in need of BLS in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Methodology We conducted a quantitative, observational, and analytical cross-sectional study to achieve our objective. The targeted population involved only Saudis. The study was conducted electronically using social network apps in the Al-Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire evaluated if the subject had a family member with heart disease. Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge and awareness about BLS as related to specific objectives. Results Of the 414 participants, 58.8% were females; 33.3% were between the ages of 40-49 years, and 30.7% were between 18-29 years old. The prevalence of participants who reported participating in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training was 19.8%. The main reasons for not participating in these training were a lack of knowledge about the courses (60.5%), being too busy (16.2%), and thinking that they did not need them (12.3%). Being younger than 29 years in age was one of the factors associated with participating in CPR training [odds ratio (OR): 11.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.54-91.42, p=0.017] versus those aged over 59 years. Gender was significantly associated with the rate of participation in CPR training: females had significantly lower rates of participation than males (15.2% vs. 25.7%, OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32-0.84, p=0.008). Of note, 25.5% of the participants had adequate knowledge regarding CPR. Having trained in CPR was significantly associated with a higher level of knowledge among the participants (1.82-fold) (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.08-3.06, p=0.023). Conclusion Based on our findings, there is limited awareness and training related to CPR among people with relatives suffering from cardiac diseases in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. This may be associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality related to heart diseases in the region.
A study of the low-luminosity Type II-Plateau supernova 2008bk

Supernova (SN) 2008bk is a well observed low-luminosity Type II event visually associated with a low-mass red-supergiant progenitor. To model SN 2008bk, we evolve a 12Msun star from the main sequence until core collapse, when it has a total mass of 9.88Msun, a He-core mass of 3.22Msun, and a radius of 502Rsun. We then artificially trigger an explosion that produces 8.29Msun of ejecta with a total energy of 2.5x10^50erg and ~0.009Msun of 56Ni. We model the subsequent evolution of the ejecta with non-Local-Thermodynamic-Equilibrium time-dependent radiative transfer. Although somewhat too luminous and energetic, this model reproduces satisfactorily the multi-band light curves and multi-epoch spectra of SN 2008bk, confirming the suitability of a low-mass massive star progenitor. As in other low-luminosity SNe II, the structured Halpha profile at the end of the plateau phase is probably caused by BaII 6496.9A rather than asphericity. We discuss the sensitivity of our results to changes in progenitor radius and mass, as well as chemical mixing. A 15% increase in progenitor radius causes a 15% increase in luminosity and a 0.2mag V-band brightening of the plateau but leaves its length unaffected. An increase in ejecta mass by 10% lengthens the plateau by ~10d. Chemical mixing introduces slight changes to the bolometric light curve, limited to the end of the plateau, but has a large impact on colours and spectra at nebular times.
Growth of Bulges in Disk Galaxies Since z ∼ 1

We investigate the growth of bulges in bright ( ) disk galaxies since , in rest-frame B and I-band, using images from HST ACS and WFC3 in GOODS-South for high redshifts ( ) and SDSS for local ( ). The growth history has been traced by performing two-component bulge-disk decomposition and further classifying the bulges into pseudos and classicals using the Kormendy relation. We have about 27% pseudo and 40% classical bulges in our sample. Classical bulges are brighter than pseudo, in both rest-bands, at all redshifts probed here; in fact since , classicals are about ∼1 mag brighter than pseudo bulges. Both bulges have witnessed substantial growth, more than half of their present-day stellar mass has been gained since . Their host disks have grown concurrently, becoming progressively brighter in rest-frame I-band. The high-redshift host disks of both pseudo and classical bulges are found to be equally clumpy in rest-frame B-band. In the same band, we found that the growth of classical bulges is accompanied by fading of their host disks—which might be an indication of secular processes in action. However, both host disk as well as the bulge have grown substantially in terms of stellar mass. Our analysis suggests that clump migration and secular processes alone cannot account for the bulge growth, since , accretion, and minor mergers would be required.
Wait long and prosper! Delaying production alleviates its detrimental effect on word learning

ABSTRACT Recent work by Baese-Berk and Samuel (Baese-Berk, M. M., & Samuel, A. G. (2022). Just give it time: Differential effects of disruption and delay on perceptual learning. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 84(3), 960–980. ) suggests that immediate – but not delayed – production has a detrimental effect on learning a non-native speech sound contrast. We tested whether this pattern is also found for word learning. Each participant learned 12 new words in one of four training conditions: Perception-Only, Immediate-Production, 2-seconds-Delayed-Production, and 4-seconds-Delayed-Production. At test, we assessed how well new words were embedded into the mental lexicon by measuring the degree to which they could drive phonemic recalibration (also called “perceptual learning”). Training and testing were repeated on the next day along with a word recognition task assessing lexical configuration. Replicating previous findings, Day 1 results showed that repeating a new word immediately after hearing it disrupted learning compared to just hearing it. Critically, in line with our prediction, this negative effect disappeared when a 4-second pause was inserted between hearing and producing each word.
Current Attitudes of Chinese Dairy Practitioners to Pain and Its Management in Intensively Raised Dairy Cattle

Simple Summary No previous studies have focused on pain perception and management in intensively raised dairy cattle in China. The results of this survey study show that severely painful conditions such as parturition and fracture have the highest score in pain perception. Pain perception is highly associated with pain management willingness. To promote animal welfare and reduce unnecessary production losses, training in pain perception and management should be emphasised. Abstract Pain in dairy cattle is gaining attention globally. This study investigated the current attitudes of Chinese dairy practitioners to pain and its management in intensively raised dairy cattle. A total of 465 valid questionnaires with 26 painful conditions scored on numerical rating scales were collected from dairy practitioners. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and multivariate regression models. Dystocia was perceived as the most painful, while mild mastitis with milk changes only was perceived as the least painful. Respondents who agreed with the statement “pain management is worthwhile” tended to give a higher pain score. Young respondents (≤23 years old) and those from farms with ≤1000 cattle had lower pain scores for conditions with severe pain and low variability but higher pain scores for conditions with less severe pain and high variability, whereas highly educated respondents had consistently lower pain scores. As for pain management, older respondents (≥24 years old) tended to choose non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and farms with >1000 cattle were more likely to use analgesics. Training in pain perception and management should be emphasised with the hope of promoting animal welfare and reducing unnecessary production losses.
High-performance blue light-emitting diode based on a binaphthyl-containing polyfluorene

We report efficient blue electroluminescence (EL) from multilayer polymer light-emitting diodes using a binaphthyl-containing polyfluorene as the emitting layer and a series of thermally polymerized triphenylamine/tetraphenyldiaminobiphenyl-containing polymers as the hole transport layer. The polymer possesses a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 44%. The polymer light-emitting diodes exhibit EL emission peak at 420 or 446 nm, depending on the hole transporting materials. The EL reaches maximum brightness and external quantum efficiency of 3070 cd/m2 and 0.82%, respectively.
The structural properties of classical bulges and discs from z ∼ 2

We study the rest-frame optical mass–size relation of bulges and discs from z ∼ 2 to z ∼ 0 for a complete sample of massive galaxies in the CANDELS fields using two-component Sérsic models. Discs and star-forming galaxies follow similar mass–size relations. The mass–size relation of bulges is less steep than the one of quiescent galaxies (best-fitting slope of 0.7 for quiescent galaxies against 0.4 for bulges). We find little dependence of the structural properties of massive bulges and discs with the global morphology of galaxies (disc versus bulge dominated) and the star formation activity (star-forming versus quiescent). This result suggests similar bulge formation mechanisms for most massive galaxies and also that the formation of the bulge component does not significantly affect the disc structure. Our results pose a challenge to current cosmological models that predict distinct structural properties for stellar bulges arising from mergers and disc instabilities.
An optimally weighted estimator of the linear power spectrum disentangling the growth of density perturbations across galaxy surveys

Measuring the clustering of galaxies from surveys allows us to estimate the power spectrum of matter density fluctuations, thus constraining cosmological models. This requires careful modelling of observational effects to avoid misinterpretation of data. In particular, signals coming from different distances encode information from different epochs. This is known as ``light-cone effect'' and is going to have a higher impact as upcoming galaxy surveys probe larger redshift ranges. Generalising the method by Feldman, Kaiser and Peacock (1994) [1], I define a minimum-variance estimator of the linear power spectrum at a fixed time, properly taking into account the light-cone effect. An analytic expression for the estimator is provided, and that is consistent with the findings of previous works in the literature. I test the method within the context of the Halofit model, assuming Planck 2014 cosmological parameters [2]. I show that the estimator presented recovers the fiducial linear power spectrum at present time within 5% accuracy up to k ∼ 0.80 h Mpc−1 and within 10% up to k ∼ 0.94 h Mpc−1, well into the non-linear regime of the growth of density perturbations. As such, the method could be useful in the analysis of the data from future large-scale surveys, like Euclid.
The effect of input sensory modality on the multimodal encoding of motion events

ABSTRACT Each sensory modality has different affordances: vision has higher spatial acuity than audition, whereas audition has better temporal acuity. This may have consequences for the encoding of events and its subsequent multimodal language production—an issue that has received relatively little attention to date. In this study, we compared motion events presented as audio-only, visual-only, or multimodal (visual + audio) input and measured speech and co-speech gesture depicting path and manner of motion in Turkish. Input modality affected speech production. Speakers with audio-only input produced more path descriptions and fewer manner descriptions in speech compared to speakers who received visual input. In contrast, the type and frequency of gestures did not change across conditions. Path-only gestures dominated throughout. Our results suggest that while speech is more susceptible to auditory vs. visual input in encoding aspects of motion events, gesture is less sensitive to such differences.
On the Rossby wave instability in accretion discs surrounding spinning black holes

We have performed general relativistic hydrodynamics (GRHD) simulations of 2D discs orbiting around spinning black holes and prone to the Rossby Wave Instability (RWI). We show that the RWI can develop at any location in the disc and for any spin parameter. After recovering the overall patterns of the instability in this general relativistic context, we have analysed its development and identified some modifications induced by the combined effects of the relativistic rotational profile of the disc and local time dilatation that affects the propagation of waves in the disc. We have found in particular that the saturation level of the instability increases significantly when RWI occurs in the very close vicinity of fast-rotating black holes where general relativistic effects are strong. Such finding suggests that even more strongly than in the case of Schwarzschild black-hole, it is necessary to complement such GRHD simulations with a full GR ray-tracing processing in order to provide synthetic observations of the disc in the distant observer frame.
Natural convection coupled to surface radiation in an air‐filled square cavity containing two heat‐generating bodies

The present numerical study focuses on the cooling by natural convection and surface radiation of two electronic components generating two different and uniform volumetric powers. These components are modeled by two square bodies placed inside a closed square cavity with a cold straight wall. Two configurations are analyzed based on the position of the two heat‐generating bodies. In the first one (horizontal position configuration), the two bodies are located at the same height of the cavity, while they are placed at different heights in the second case (vertical position configuration). The effects of two Rayleigh numbers ( 0 ≤ ( Ra 1 , Ra 2 ) ≤ 10 6 $0\le ({{Ra}}_{1},{{Ra}}_{2})\le {10}^{6}$ ), the conductivity ratio ( 0.01 ≤ K ≤ 100 $0.01\le K\le 100$ ), and the emissivity ( 0 ≤ ε ≤ 1 $0\le \varepsilon \le 1$ ) on the heat transfer characteristics and the flow structure are analyzed. The data is displayed as streamlines, isotherms, velocity, and maximum temperature profiles, and local heat transfer on the active wall. The obtained results indicate that the choice of the appropriate configuration depends mainly on the deviation between the two Rayleigh numbers. Furthermore, the maximum temperature of a specific block decreases as the quantity of heat generated by the other block rises. We can also see that the maximum temperature of the two blocks decreases by about 50 % $50 \% $ with the increase in the emissivity (from 0 $0$ to 1 $1$ ) or the conductivity ratio (from 0.1 $0.1$ to 1 $1$ ).
Refraction efficiency of Huygens' and bianisotropic terahertz metasurfaces.

Metasurfaces are an enabling technology for complex wave manipulation functions, including in the terahertz frequency range, where they are expected to advance security, imaging, sensing, and communications technology. For operation in transmission, Huygens' metasurfaces are commonly used, since their good impedance match to the surrounding media minimizes reflections and maximizes transmission. Recent theoretical work has shown that Huygens' metasurfaces are non-optimal, particularly for large angles of refraction, and that to eliminate reflections and spurious diffracted beams it is necessary to use a bianisotropic metasurface. However, it remains to be demonstrated how significant the efficiency improvement is when using bianisotropic metasurfaces, considering all the non-ideal features that arise when implementing the metasurface design with real meta-atoms. Here we compare concrete terahertz metasurface designs based on the Huygens' and Omega-type bianisotropic approaches, demonstrating anomalous refraction angles for 55 degrees, and 70 degrees. We show that for the lower angle of 55 degrees, there is no significant improvement when using the bianisotropic design, whereas for refraction at 70 degrees the bianisotropic design shows much higher efficiency and fidelity of refraction into the designed direction. We also demonstrate the strong perturbations caused by near-field interaction, both between and within cells, which we compensate using numerical optimization.
A High Signal-to-Noise Ultraviolet Spectrum of NGC 7469: New Support for Reprocessing of Continuum Radiation

From 1996 June 10 to 1996 July 29, the International AGN Watch monitored the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 7469 using the International Ultraviolet Explorer, the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer, and a network of ground-based observatories. On 1996 June 18, in the midst of this intensive monitoring period, we obtained a high signal-to-noise snapshot of the UV spectrum from 1150 to 3300 Å using the Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) on the Hubble Space Telescope. This spectrum allows us to disentangle the UV continuum more accurately from the broad wings of the emission lines, to identify clean continuum windows free of contaminating emission and absorption, and to deblend line complexes such as Lyα + N V, C IV + He II + O III], Si III] + C III], and Mg II + Fe II. Using the FOS spectrum as a template, we have fitted and extracted line and continuum fluxes from the IUE monitoring data. The cleaner continuum extractions confirm the discovery of time delays between the different UV continuum bands by Wanders et al. Our new measurements show delays increasing with wavelength for continuum bands centered at 1485, 1740, and 1825 Å relative to 1315 Å with delays of 0.09, 0.28, and 0.36 days, respectively. Like many other Seyfert 1 galaxies, the UV spectrum of NGC 7469 shows intrinsic, blueshifted absorption in Lyα, N V, and C IV. Soft X-ray absorption is also visible in archival ASCA X-ray spectra. The strength of the UV absorption, however, is not compatible with a single-zone model in which the same material absorbs both the UV and X-ray light. Similar to other Seyfert galaxies, such as NGC 3516, the UV-absorbing gas in NGC 7469 has a lower ionization parameter and column density than the X-ray-absorbing material. While the UV and X-ray absorption does not arise in the same material, the frequent occurrence of both associated UV absorption and X-ray warm absorbers in the same galaxies suggests that the gas supply for each has a common origin.
Exploring the response to a new range of ethanol reductions in Chardonnay and Syrah wines using a Consumer Rejection Threshold approach

Ethanol is one of the major components of wine, which has a substantial impact on its sensory characteristics. However, data concerning consumer response to ethanol or changes in ethanol remains limited. The aim of this study was to determine the threshold ethanol concentrations beyond which ethanol lowering becomes undesirable in Chardonnay and Syrah wines using the consumer rejection threshold (CRT) methodology. Base wines from these two cultivars were first dearomatised and fully dealcoholised using spinning cone column technology. Then, control wines with a similar ethanol content to the base wines (13.8 and 13.5 % v/v for Chardonnay and Syrah respectively) and wines with lower ethanol contents were reconstituted by mixing the final beverage, the aroma fraction, food grade ethanol and distilled water. CRT values were determined as 2.8 % v/v for Chardonnay and at 7.0 % v/v for Syrah. These particularly low and unexpected concentrations indicate that consumer sensory liking might not be necessarily driven by ethanol concentration, especially for white wines. However, the post-evaluation questionnaire showed that consumers were expecting a high minimal ethanol content for quality wines (10.9 % v/v ± 1.2 and 11.7 % v/v ± 1.5 for white and red wines respectively) and had a limited experience with low and dealcoholised wines. Overall, our data, which are still preliminary and deserve to be validated using different base wines with a larger number of consumers, show that consumers would not necessarily be refractory from a sensory standpoint to the consumption of low ethanol beverages made from wine. Our findings strongly encourage professionals from the wine industry and public authorities to raise awareness about the increase in quality of such products and their benefits for human health.
Influence of a plasma on the observational signature of a high-spin Kerr black hole

To approach a more reliable observational signature of a high-spin Kerr black hole, one should take into account the effects of its surroundings. To this end we study in this paper the influence of a surrounding plasma. We consider its refractive and dispersive effects on photon trajectories and ignore the gravitational effects of plasma particles as well as the absorption or scattering processes of photons. With two specific plasma models, we obtain analytical formulae for the black hole shadow and for the observational quantities of an orbiting "hot spot" seen by an observer located far away from the black hole. We find that the plasma has a frequency-dependent dispersive effect on the size and shape of the black hole shadow and on the image position and redshift of the hot spot. These results may be tested by the Event Horizon Telescope in the future.
The fine line between normal and starburst galaxies

Recent literature suggests that there are two modes through which galaxies grow their stellar mass - a normal mode characterized by quasi-steady star formation, and a highly efficient starburst mode possibly triggered by stochastic events such as galaxy mergers. While these differences are established for extreme cases, the population of galaxies in-between these two regimes is poorly studied and it is not clear where the transition between these two modes of star formation occurs. We utilize ALMA observations of the CO J=3-2 line luminosity in a sample of 20 infrared luminous galaxies that lie in the intermediate range between normal and starburst galaxies at z ~ 0.25-0.6 in the COSMOS field to examine the gas content and star formation efficiency of these galaxies. We compare these quantities to the galaxies' deviation from the well-studied "main sequence" correlation between star formation rate and stellar mass (MS) and find that at log($SFR/SFR_{MS}$) < 0.6, a galaxy's distance to the main sequence is mostly driven by increased gas content, and not a more efficient star formation process.