Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Safety and Morbidity Profile of Closed versus Open Technique of Laparoscopic Primary Peritoneal Access Port in Patients Undergoing Routine Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northeastern India

Introduction Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard operation for gallstone disease. Primary port placement into the abdomen is a blind procedure and is challenging with chances of unforeseen complications. The complication rate has remained the same during the past 25 years. Both closed/Veress and open/Hasson's techniques are commonly employed and have their typical indications for use. Materials and Methods This prospective study was carried out in the Department of General Surgery, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong, from January 2014 to January 2016, with the aim to compare the safety profile of closed/Veress and open/Hasson's methods of access to the abdomen during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The study had 400 eligible cases undergoing LC who were randomly allotted into 2 groups with 200 cases each: group A: closed/Veress needle method and group B: open/Hasson's method. Results Closed/Veress and open/Hasson's method of establishing pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is equally safe in terms of major complications. The closed/Veress method gives faster access to the abdomen as compared to the open method (5.62 ± 2.23 minutes and 7.18 ± 2.52 minutes, respectively, p value <0.0001). The open/Hasson's method is associated with more primary port site complications (9/200 vs. 0/200, p value 0.0036) and troublesome intraoperative gas leaks (39/200 vs. 2/200, p value <0.0001). The open technique for primary peritoneal access port for laparoscopic cholecystectomy does not impart any additional benefits in terms of safety and morbidity profile in patients undergoing LC. Conclusion The closed/Veress method of establishing pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is equally safe in terms of major complications and gives quicker access to the abdomen as compared to the open method.
Southeast Asian catch-up through the convergence of trade structures

ABSTRACT Regional trade agreements are vigorously debated, especially since the effects of trade on economic development is uncertain. Since East Asian trade occurs mostly within the region, we examine how trade structures might affect economic growth and provide directionality. The role of export composition is known to affect the rate of growth of emerging economies depending on trade structure similarity. This paper analyses the role of export baskets in the economic growth of developing countries in Southeast Asia, and tests the hypothesis that similarity of export structures leads to economic catch-up by providing directionality. The empirical analysis uses export data of East Asian countries to measure the bilateral similarities in export structures between the past and the present trade structures of Southeast Asian countries and comparing them withNortheast Asian countries that became wealthier earlier and Southeast Asian countries that tend to be latecomers. We find that the similarity of export structure provides directionality based on the overall competitiveness of a country's export sectors. This study fills the previous research gap of structural change from the perspectives of catch-up and directionality, by analysing the linkage between export structure convergence and economic catch-up, and linkage between export structure diversification and path-dependence.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of the Methanol Fractions of the Leaf of Gmelina arborea (Verbenaceae)

Leaves of Gmelina arborea are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of bacterial infections without scientific validations. The main objective of the research was to carry out preliminary phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of the methanol fractions of the leaf of Gmelina arborea. The methanol leaf extract and its fractions were screened for phytochemical and antimicrobial activity using standard procedures. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolic compounds, triterpenes and steroids. Highest zone of inhibition was observed in ethyl acetate fraction with (29mm) against some tested clinical pathogens compared to other fractions screened. MIC ranged between (6.25-12.5mg/ml) was observed in ethyl acetate. MBC of (12.5mg/ml) was observed in ethyl acetate fraction compared to other fractions screened. This study supports the folkloric claims for the use of the plant against some bacterial infections and can be exploited as alternative antimicrobial drug use for the treatment of infectious disease caused by these pathogens.
Coping Distress through Harvesting Resilience Among Indian Physicians: Role of Mediating–Moderating Variables

The study proposes to understand the dynamics of work stress and turnover relationship of physicians in Indian context. It also intends to understand the mediating and moderating roles of burnout and resilience on the relationship between work stress and turnover intentions. The article has taken the support of conservation of resources (COR) theory to develop the conceptual framework. The study uses the survey method for data collection which was analysed using quantitative statistical methods like confirmatory factor analysis and mediated and moderated regression. The result showed a significant moderating effect of resilience on burnout and turnover intentions relationship and a strong mediating effect of burnout on the relationship between stress and turnover intentions. Physicians who are regarded as ‘saviours’ should be treated with respect. Certain activities dealing with work–life balance, engaging in leisure activities, getting support from family and friends may help the physician in coping with the demands of stress and thereby reducing the burnout. Future research can take into account other states of India as well as other countries for generalisation of results. The demographic differences among the physicians can also be a new area of research. Although there is lot of available research on the study variables, but none of the studies have taken into context resilience as a moderator between burnout and turnover intention specially in reference to Indian context. The results can add value to the prevailing studies on stress, burnout, resilience and turnover intention.
Measurement of brown eggs freshness using non-destructive UV/VIS
 spectroscopy and viscosity of egg white

The present research aimed to determine the freshness of brown eggs using non-destructive ultraviolet-visible (UV/VIS) transmission spectroscopy (λ = 350-1020 nm) and viscosity measurement during storage for 7 days. As per human visual perception, the eggshell color varied from light yellow-brown to dark red-brown, distributed near the edge of the spectral locus of orange to a red region in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. Quantitatively characterized luminance (CIE Y) values of the eggshell brightness were 7.77 (darkest) and 49.1 cd/cm2 (brightest). The L* value (brownness) of the eggshell increased while the a* value (redness) decreased. The correlation between luminance and transmittance values was evaluated using a linear regression model which showed a correlation coefficient of 0.92. The transmittance spectra collected daily showed a gradual increase from 36.0% (day 1) to 38.8% (day 3). The slope of this increment became steeper after day 3 and reached 50.8% (day 7). The freshness of the eggs calculated based on the transmittance value of 100% (day 1) showed an inverse relation with the storage time and was reduced by 59% (day 7). Egg white exhibited non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior and showed a reduction in viscosity by 13.7% reduction on day 7 as compared to that on day 1. Our results clearly demonstrated that the freshness of the eggs declined with an increase in storage time. This analytical method of measuring egg freshness has potential applications in designing an automatic egg selection machine, to identify stale eggs from the fresh ones on-site in small and medium egg farms by simply measuring the transmittance of eggshells of varying darkness.
“Stepping Down the Ladder”: The Impacts of Fossil Fuel Subsidy Removal in a Developing Country

This paper provides quasi-experimental evidence from Ghana on the impact of fossil fuel subsidy removal on cooking fuel choices. We find that households “stepped down the energy ladder”: modern fuel use decreased, while the use of transition and traditional fuels expanded. Price increases of 50% for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and 20% for diesel caused the share of households who mainly use firewood to increase by 3 percentage points. Urban households increased charcoal consumption by around 17%, while LPG expenditure remained constant—indicating that consumption dropped. Back-of-the-envelope cost-benefit calculations suggest that overall welfare costs, including from increased cooking-related greenhouse gas emissions, were slightly higher than fiscal savings. The LPG subsidy removal in particular was likely socially damaging. Our findings highlight the ambiguous impacts of removing LPG subsidies in developing-country contexts, where they contribute to the adoption and use of clean cooking fuels.
A Feature Engineering Approach for Tree-based Machine Learning Sales Forecast, Optimized by a Genetic Algorithm Based Sales Feature Framework

In the new retail era, the sales pace and consumers’ consuming habits are disrupted dramatically by e-commerce and mobile consuming market developments and become various, volatile, and complicated. In sales forecasting, tree-based machine learning algorithms are popular and impressive. Feature engineering, on the other hand, is the most significant impediment to blending business and technological knowledge. An innovative way to solving the feature engineering problem of employing tree-based algorithms in sales forecast is proposed in this work. And a genetic algorithm is presented to enlarge the feature base and to explore potential values from features. To ensure that features with important business characteristics are picked, a novel feature framework for sales forecast is offered. Also given is a genetic algorithm for expanding the feature base and exploring potential values from features. The performance of tree-based models from AutoGluon will next be evaluated using a public dataset, Kaggle Rossmann sales data. The results suggest that the proposed strategy can improve the accuracy and stability of decision tree algorithms in sales forecasting significantly.
Exercise Augments the Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin on Experimentally Induced Diabetic Cardiomyopathy, Possible Underlying Mechanisms

One of the most prevalent cardiovascular problems linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). DCM is associated with myocardial oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, suppressed autophagy, extracellular matrix remodeling, and fibrosis. The current study aims to investigate the protective effect of sodium-glucose transport 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) dapagliflozin and/or exercise on DCM. Thirty adult male Sprague Dawley rats are used. T2DM is induced by a 6-week high-fat diet (HFD) followed by a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Rats are divided into five groups, control, diabetic (DM), DM + swimming, DM + dapagliflozin, and DM + dapagliflozin and swimming. Serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and cardiac enzymes (CK-MB and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are measured. Heart specimens are used for evaluation of cellular oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzymes, glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT), as well as mRNA expression of TGF-β, MMP9, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Stained sections with haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and Masson trichrome are used for histopathological evaluation and detection of fibrosis, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining for apoptosis (caspase-3), and autophagy (LC3) are also carried out. The combinations of SGLT2i and exercise exhibited the most significant cardioprotective effect. It improved diabetic-induced histopathological alterations in the myocardium and attenuated the elevation of serum blood glucose, CK-MB, LDH, myocardial MDA, and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β, MMP9, and the immune expression of caspase-3. Moreover, this combination increased the serum insulin, myocardial antioxidants GSH and CAT, and increase the immune expression of the LC-3. In conclusion, a combination of SGLT2i and exercise exerted a better antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effect in DCM. Moreover, the combination enhances the autophagic capacity of the heart.
NO-Dependent Mechanisms of p53 Expression and Cell Death in Rat’s Dorsal Root Ganglia after Sciatic-Nerve Transection

Peripheral-nerve injury is a frequent cause of disability. Presently, no clinically effective neuroprotectors have been found. We have studied the NO-dependent expression of p53 in the neurons and glial cells of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of a rat’s spinal cord, as well as the role of NO in the death of these cells under the conditions of axonal stress, using sciatic-nerve axotomy as a model. It was found out that axotomy led to the nuclear–cytoplasmic redistribution of p53 in neurons, 24 h after trauma. The NO donor led to a considerable increase in the level of p53 in nuclei and, to a smaller degree, in the cytoplasm of neurons and karyoplasm of glial cells 4 and 24 h after axotomy. Application of a selective inhibitor of inducible NO-synthase (iNOS) provided the opposite effect. Introduction of the NO donor resulted in a significant increase in cell death in the injured ipsilateral DRG, 24 h and 7 days after trauma. The selective inhibitor of iNOS demonstrated a neuroprotective effect. Axotomy was shown to upregulate the iNOS in nuclei and cytoplasm of DRG cells. The NO-dependent expression of p53, which is particularly achieved through iNOS activation, is believed to be a putative signaling mechanism of neural and glial-cell death after axotomy.
The Conditional Effects of Parental Internet Supervision on Online Victimization for Early Adolescent Boys

ABSTRACT Cyberbullying victimization is a key risk factor facing contemporary young men. Parental internet supervision is thought to be effective in mitigating these risks in mixed-gender samples, but the efficacy of internet supervision for young men specifically is unclear. This study examined the effects of internet supervision upon cybervictimisation among adolescent boys in an all-boys school (Mage = 13.44), moderated by internet use and availability of internet-enabled devices in the home. Both active and restrictive forms of supervision were conditionally related to increased cybervictimisation, suggesting that the efficacy of internet supervision may be highly sensitive to contextual factors.
Numerical Investigation of a N 2O-Paraffin Hybrid Rocket Engine Combusting Flowfield

Abstract The work described in the present paper shows some applications of the CIRA solver NExT (Numerical Experiments Tool) in the CFD simulation of combusting flows in hybrid rocket engine typical configurations. A comprehensive numerical model was developed in order to predict the combusting flowfield inside a N 2 O and paraffin wax hybrid rocket combustion chamber. Different internal flow problems reproducing mixing and combustion processes have been investigated, with the aim to verify the implemented models and to validate them by comparing numerical and available experimental data. In order to evaluate the solver capability in the simulation of a typical hybrid rocket engine internal flowfield, a lab-scale rocket with a cylindrical grain has been studied. 1. Introduction Within the Italian Hyprob program [1], a ground-based demonstrator of hybrid rocket propulsion is under development, with the main goal to validate enabling technologies, design methodologies and manufacturing processes. This technological demonstrator, with a thrust class of 30 kN, is based on N
Sub‐lethal effects of Metarhizium anisopliae on the life table parameters of the predatory coccinellid Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius

Entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) (Hypocerales: Claviciptaceae), as a microbial control agent, and the predator Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) have been considered to regulate insect pest populations. The experiments were conducted on adults of coccinellid that were sprayed with conidial suspensions at a concentration of 1.11 × 104 conidia ml−1. This study reports on some laboratory experiments investigating the effects of the isolate of M. anisopliae on the biological and life history traits of Men. sexmaculatus by using the paired bootstrap procedure. Males progeny from individuals exposed to the fungus had a significantly different developmental time, but there was no difference between females when compared to the control group. However, fecundity did not differ in the treated and control groups (391 and 408.39 eggs respectively); the sex ratio (%female/total) ranged from 62% to 63%. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and net reproductive rate (R0) had no significant differences in the progeny of the fungal‐treated and untreated groups. Consequently, M. anisopliae had low effects in the sub‐lethal concentration on the biological parameters and fecundity of Men. sexmaculatus. The results, thus, suggest that M. anisopliae may be compatible with Men. sexmaculatus in an IPM programme.
Cardiac Disease Classification Using Two-Dimensional Thickness and Few-Shot Learning Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Image Segmentation

Cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used technique for the noninvasive assessment of cardiac functions. Deep neural networks have achieved considerable progress in overcoming various challenges in cine MRI analysis. However, deep learning models cannot be used for classification because limited cine MRI data are available. To overcome this problem, features from cine image settings are derived by handcrafting and addition of other clinical features to the classical machine learning approach for ensuring the model fits the MRI device settings and image parameters required in the analysis. In this study, a novel method was proposed for classifying heart disease (cardiomyopathy patient groups) using only segmented output maps. In the encoder–decoder network, the fully convolutional EfficientNetB5-UNet was modified to perform the semantic segmentation of the MRI image slice. A two-dimensional thickness algorithm was used to combine the segmentation outputs for the 2D representation of images of the end-diastole (ED) and end-systole (ES) cardiac volumes. The thickness images were subsequently used for classification by using a few-shot model with an adaptive subspace classifier. Model performance was verified by applying the model to the 2017 MICCAI Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention dataset. High segmentation performance was achieved as follows: the average Dice coefficients of segmentation were 96.24% (ED) and 89.92% (ES) for the left ventricle (LV); the values for the right ventricle (RV) were 92.90% (ED) and 86.92% (ES). The values for myocardium were 88.90% (ED) and 90.48% (ES). An accuracy score of 92% was achieved in the classification of various cardiomyopathy groups without clinical features. A novel rapid analysis approach was proposed for heart disease diagnosis, especially for cardiomyopathy conditions using cine MRI based on segmented output maps.
Adaptive formation control for autonomous surface vessels with prescribed-time convergence

This article is dedicated to solving the problem of predefined-time cooperative control for autonomous surface vessels encountering model uncertainties and external perturbations. By virtue of the prescribed-time stable theory, a robust formation controller is constructed, with which the settling time of the cooperative system can be prescribed in advance. The controller is developed under the backstepping framework, where the dynamic surface control is applied to generate the real-time command. Considering the unmodeled autonomous surface vessel dynamics, the neural network-based nonlinear approximator is incorporated with minimum-learning-parameter technique. Under this scenario, the real-time control can be pursed with one parameter being estimated. Finally, comparative simulation examples are provided to exhibit the effectiveness and advantages of designed control strategies.
Observations of Atmospheric Tides in the Middle and Upper Atmosphere of Mars From MAVEN and MRO

Variability in the Martian upper atmosphere is strongly linked to the lower atmosphere and much of it can be attributed to vertical wave propagation. Atmospheric tides in particular are a well‐known phenomenon in the Martian atmosphere that play a key role in the transport of energy as they propagate to higher altitudes. Previous theoretical predictions and observations suggest that tides producing wavenumber‐2 and wavenumber‐3 patterns are strongest in a fixed local time at high altitudes, however, the energy they carry and the region of deposition are not well characterized. Given the availability of atmospheric observations from several spacecraft at the same time, in this paper, the nature and behavior of tides are studied concurrently at several altitudes. Here, six intervals are identified focused at fixed low latitudes utilizing simultaneous observations of the middle and upper atmosphere from in situ and remote sensing instruments on different spacecraft. In the middle atmosphere, strong wavenumber‐2 signatures are identified in the intervals north of the equator whereas, in the south, wavenumber‐3 signatures are strongest. Wave signatures observed in the upper atmosphere seem to be dominated by a mix of wavenumbers‐2 and ‐3. Seasonal variation is observed in the northern intervals, with very little interannual variability in all intervals considered. Estimates of energy based on dominant wavenumber amplitude suggest that most of the energy dissipates below ∼90 km. Furthermore, model sampled output captures the dominant wavenumbers observed in the middle atmosphere as well as the energy dissipation characteristics.
Galaxy clustering using the GAMA survey

We present a study of the clustering of galaxies in the local Universe (z < 0.4) using the SDSS and GAMA galaxy surveys. Using GAMA spectroscopic redshift we construct a large photometric redshift catalogue from the SDSS imaging data. We then measure the two-point angular correlation function as a function of photometric redshift, absolute magnitude and colour. For all our samples, we estimate the underlying redshift and absolute magnitude distributions using Monte-Carlo resampling. A linear relation between relative bias and L/L∗ is found to hold down to luminosities L ∼ 0.03L∗. We find that the redshift dependence of the bias of the L∗ population can be described by the passive evolution model of linear bias. We confirm an increase in clustering strength for sub-L∗ red galaxies compared with ∼ L∗ red galaxies at small scales in all redshift bins, whereas for the blue population the correlation length is almost independent of luminosity for ∼ L∗ galaxies and fainter. We proceed by studying the redshift space correlation function from GAMA as functions of luminosity and redshift. For L & L∗ galaxies we obtain an almost constant pairwise velocity dispersion σ12 ≈ 400 km s−1, whereas for L < L∗ galaxies the pairwise velocity dispersion increases as we go fainter. When measured in different redshift slices the pairwise velocity dispersion as a function of luminosity shows no signs of evolution, however it does present some scale dependence. Our measurements of the growth rate parameter are consistent with the standard ΛCDM+GR cosmological model.