Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protection against Omicron BA.2 reinfection conferred by primary Omicron or pre-Omicron infection with and without mRNA vaccination

BackgroundWe estimated the protection against the Omicron BA.2 variant associated with prior primary infection (PI) due to pre-Omicron or Omicron BA.1 virus, with and without mRNA vaccination. MethodsA test-negative case-control study was conducted among healthcare workers (HCWs) tested for SARS-CoV-2 in Quebec, Canada, between March 27 and June 4, 2022, when BA.2 predominated and was presumptively diagnosed. Logistic regression models compared the likelihood of BA.2 reinfection (second positive test [≥]30 days after PI) among HCWs with history of PI and none to three doses of mRNA vaccine versus infection-naive, unvaccinated HCWs. FindingsAmong 37,732 presumed BA.2 cases, 2,521 (6.7%) and 659 (1.7%) were reinfections following pre-Omicron or BA.1 PI, respectively. Among 73,507 controls, 7,360 (10.0%) and 12,315 (16.8%) had a pre-Omicron or BA.1 PI, respectively. Pre-Omicron PI was associated with 38% (95%CI:19-53) reduction in BA.2 infection risk, with higher BA.2 protection among those also vaccinated with one (56%), two (69%) or three (70%) vaccine doses. Omicron BA.1 PI was associated with greater protection against BA.2 (72%; 95%CI:65-78), higher among two-dose vaccinated at 96% (95%CI:95-96) but not improved with a third dose (96%; 95%CI:95-97). Hybrid Omicron BA.1 PI plus two or three dose vaccine-induced protection persisted for five months post-infection. InterpretationTwice-vaccinated individuals who experienced BA.1 infection were subsequently well-protected for a prolonged period against BA.2 reinfection and derived no meaningful added benefit against BA.2 from a third dose of mRNA vaccine.
Potential Yield Increase by Grafting for Watermelon Production in Arizona

Grafting cucurbits onto rootstocks resistant to diseases and abiotic stresses can be a method to overcome limited availability of effective pre-plant fumigants or land to rotate and to allow earlier planting. Commonly used rootstocks for cucurbits have resistance to Fusarium (race 1&2) as well as cold tolerance, among other favorable traits like increased vigor of the scion. Grafting of cucurbits was developed in Asia primarily to allow production without rotation, because arable land is so limited. In the US, crop rotation schedules for seedless watermelon can be 3 years or longer reducing the amount of watermelon a grower can produce in a season. We have been growing grafted and non-grafted seedless watermelon on the same field/plot for 4 years, with no fumigation or off-season rotation of other crops. During the last 2 years, we planted early (March 1) to determine if grafting could overcome low night temperatures in addition to disease pressures. Treatments included grafted and non-grafted plants, covering with frost protection and non-covered. The results of the last 2 years indicate that grafted plants yielded nearly twice as much as non-grafted plants, suggesting that grafting can be a promising technology for Arizona watermelon producers.
Causes of futile life-sustaining interventions from the perspective of physicians and nurses in university hospitals in Tehran

Mojtaba Akbari Tehran University of Medical Sciences Soolmaz Moosavi Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Zain Abbas Syed University of Oxford Maryam Aghabarary Alborz University of Medical Sciences Nahid Dehghan Nayeri Tehran University of Medical Sciences Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki Tehran University of Medical Sciences Alireza Parsapoor (  aliparsa@tums.ac.ir ) Tehran University of Medical Sciences
THE ROLE OF EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING TOWARDS SATISFACTION AND RE-INTENTION TO VISIT A TOURIST DESTINATION

Competition among tourist destinations is increasingly tight. Thus, every tourism destination needs to create a favorable impression in the minds of tourists. One of them is by providing attractive packaging of tourism products/services that can offer emotional experience and touch the hearts and feelings of the tourist. This study aims is to explore the relationships between experiential marketing, tourist satisfaction and tourist intention to revisit. This study used quantitative approach with a large scale survey to explore tourist experiences. The survey was conducted to domestic tourists with a total of 303 around Bandung regency such as Kawah Putih, Ranca Upas, Situ Patenggang and Situ Cileunca. The data was analyzed by Structural Equation Model (SEM) for empirical testing, while analyzing of the relationship between experiential marketing, tourist satisfaction and re-intention to visit used Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The results of this study indicate that each dimension of experiential marketing plays a significant role in both satisfaction and re-intention to visit. Act dimension has a dominant role, followed by the dimension of think and relate, while the role of sense and feel dimensions are minor. Furthermore, all dimensions of experiential marketing have impact to satisfaction and influence on re-visit intention. This analysis can provide a framework for destination marketing in order to create a proper promotion.
Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking

In Tanzania, about 90% of the banana-coffee-based farming systems lie in the hands of smallholder farmer families. In these systems, smallholder farmers traditionally add farm waste to crop fields, making soils rich in organic matter (humus) and plant-available nutrients. Correspondingly, soils remained fertile during cultivation for over a century. Since the 1960s, the increasing demand for food and biofuels of a growing population has resulted in an overuse of these farming systems, which has occurred in tandem with deforestation, omitted fallows, declined farm size, and soil erosion. Hence, humus and nutrient contents in soils have decreased and soils gradually degraded. Inadequate use of farm waste has led to a further reduction in soil fertility, as less organic material is added to the soils for nutrient supply than is removed during harvesting. Acknowledging that the traditional use of farm waste successfully built up soil fertility over a century and has been reduced in only a few decades, we argue that traditional composting practices can play a key role in rebuilding soil fertility, if such practices are adapted to face the modern challenges. In this chapter, we discuss two cases in Tanzania: one on the traditional use of compost in the Kagera region (Great African Rift Valley) and another about adapted practices to produce compost manure in the Morogoro region (Uluguru Mountains). Both cases refer to rainfed, smallholder banana-coffee-based farming systems. To conclude, optimised composting practices enable the replenishment of soil nutrients, increase the capacity of soils to store plant-available nutrients and water and thus, enhance soil fertility and food production in degraded banana-coffee-based farming systems. We further conclude that future research is needed on a) nutrient cycling in farms implementing different composting practices and on b) socio-economic analyses of farm households that do not successfully restore soil fertility through composting.
Professionalism and Public Service Delivery Efficiency in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis

This study examines the relationship between professionalism and public service delivery efficiency in Oredo Local Government Secretariat, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. A descriptive research method was adopted and data was collected via a survey of six hundred and seventy one (671) respondents using simple sampling technique. Data collected were analyzed using correlation and linear regression analysis with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. The results of the study revealed that there is significant relationship between professionalism and public service delivery efficiency. As predicted, the study also showed that professionalism exerts a positive and statistically significant impact on public service delivery efficiency in Oredo Local Government Secretariat, Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria. On the basis of these findings, the study recommends among others that civil servants should be professional to the core, this is attainable when training and seminars, retraining and reorganization of the system is enforced, by ensuring that the right persons are placed on the right job to yield expected outcome. file non-friendly work station system, incompetence of receipts and dispatch section, non-efficiency in handling electric machineries by employees, unethical practice in performance appraisal system, outdated rules and regulations, corruptions, centralized administration, lack of prescribed form to apply for service, nepotism, interferences of intermediaries and political pressure from politicians and authorities, lack of accountability disrespect and distrusts, bad image representation, lack of transparency, motivation and ethical practices (Mohammad:2015), favouritism, inadequate knowledge and sinister attitudes, discrimination on ethnicity bases, laziness.
DETERMINANTS OF NON-LIFE INSURANCE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

The low rates of the insurance market’s density and penetration in Nigeria put to question the level of development and the determinants of the sector. This study, therefore, investigates whether the issues are related to dynamics in demographic, macroeconomics, and institutional factors for the period 1987 to 2018. The autoregressive distributed lags estimation technique is used to examine the factors that determine non-life insurance sector development in Nigeria. Findings from the study showed that trade openness, real interest rate, population growth, and financial development are positive and significant factors affecting the demand and supply of non-life insurance services while the level of education is a negative (positive) and significant factor that affects the demand (supply) for non-life insurance services. Based on the findings, the study recommends, among others that, the Nigerian government put in place measures to increase exports and enhance financial development to promote non-life insurance sector development. Furthermore, the real interest rates should be checked and monitored through monetary policy actions of the apex banking institution. Policies and strategies such as cross-selling may be introduced to intensify and consolidate the cooperation between the insurance and banking sectors to ensure that the insurance market is made more competitive and efficient in service delivery.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice toward Testicular Cancer and Testicular Self-Examination among adolescents and young adults in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia

Background: Testicular cancer incidence rates are increasing worldwide making it the most common malignancy in males aged 15 to 45 years. More than 90% of patients are cured with surgery, radio-therapy, and chemotherapy alone or a combination of them. This success depends on early and accu-rate disease diagnosis and the application of opti-mum treatment. Aim: to assess adults’ awareness, attitude, and practice regarding testicular cancer (TC) and testicular self-examination (TSE) in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used targeting all adults in Aseer region. The study was conducted during the period from February 2020 to May 2020. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire which was developed by the researchers after intensive literature review and expert’s consultation. Adults’ awareness regarding testicular cancer (TC) was assessed covering its main domains including general definition, signs and symptoms, age of incidence, self-exami-nation methods, and curability. The questionnaire was uploaded online, using social media platforms, by the researchers and their relatives and friends. All adults fulfilling the inclusion criteria who received the electronic questionnaire during the study period were invited to participate through filling out the questionnaire. Results: The survey included 809 male participants who completed the questionnaire. Participants ages ranged from 18 to 55 years old with mean age of 26.9 12.7 years. The majority of participants (73.1%; 591) were single while 23.7% were married. Exactly 591 (73.1%) participants had heard about cancer tests and 651 (80.5%) knew it affects men. Regarding age susceptible to testicular cancer, 218 (26.9%) of the participants reported 15-40 years old. About 5.1% of the participants agreed that routine self-ex-amination for TC is not important, 194 (24%) reported it is important. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study revealed that male adult’s awareness about TC and TSE are inadequate and the proportion who are performing it is below the average. Also, male adults’ attitude towards TSE and its importance was not promising.
The Job Demands, Control, Support Model: Where Are We Now?

The demands-control (support) (JDC[S]) model (Karasek, 1979; Karask & Theorell, 1990) continues to be highly influential in occupational stress and health literature, and has been the theoretical foundation of more empirical studies than any other work stress theory (Griffin & Clarke, 2011; Kain & Jex, 2010). The main ideas of the model are two-fold: that demanding work, control over working processes, and social support within the workplace all independently relate to well-being and strain; and control and support resources mitigate (of buffer) the effects of high demands on these outcomes. Despite its popularity and longevity, the model has been widely criticized for a predominance of self-report versus objective measurement, cross-sectional rather than longitudinal study design, variety and inconsistency in how the three main dimensions are measured, and a lack of consideration of individual difference variables. Kain and Jex (2010) reviewed the first 30 years of research on the model, and called for future research to address these issues. They also suggested that future research examine different conceptualizations of demands, and further individual difference variables. This paper serves to update the literature of the model, and reviews how calls for future research have been addressed since Kain and Jex’s (2010) review. Additionally, further recommendations for continued development of research are suggested, including updating the taxonomy of jobs frequently associated with different combinations of demands control and support, operationalizing these dimensions in several different ways in each study to increase findings of interactive effects, and designing industry- or role-specific measures of these dimensions to improve this consistency.
Density of SMI-32 immunopositive neurons in eye-specific layers of lateral geniculate nucleus in kittens reared with monocular deprivation and unilateral convergent squint. †

: To reveal the dynamics of the development of morphological changes in lateral geniculate nucleus caused by binocular vision impairment we study the changes in density of of SMI-32 immunopositive neurons in frontal sections of LGNd of both hemispheres of 2- and 3- month kittens reared with monocular deprivation or unilateral convergent squint. We had developed the custom software to divide the binocular part of A-layers into 10 consecutive sectors and to calculate the number of SMI-32 immunopositive neurons in each of them. The neuronal density was calculated and compared between groups in sectors with the same eccentricity. In monocularly deprived animals, decline of the neuronal density relative to the control group was found in layers, innervated from the deprived eye in both age groups, regardless of eccentricity. However in strabismic kittens the decrease in neuronal density was revealed only in the peripheral sectors of layer A1, driven by deviated eye. The width of this area of reduced Y-neuron density was larger in 3 months kittens, indicating that the development of the disorder has not yet stabilized. The results may be interpreted as morpho-physiological correlates of different types of human amblyopia.
Inner and outer star forming regions over the disks of spiral galaxies II. A comparative of physical properties and evolutionary stages

Context. The H ii regions are all studied employing the same general prescriptions and models, independently of the regions location in the galaxy disk. However, observed discrepancies between physical properties of inner and outer regions may indicate systematic di ﬀ erences in their star formation processes due to the inﬂuence of their environments. Aims. Through the analysis of inner and outer H ii region observed spectra, we aim to explore possible systematic di ﬀ erences between the physical properties (metallicity, mass, and age) of their ionising clusters in order to study how star formation proceeds in di ﬀ erent environments. Methods. We analysed two samples of 725 inner and 671 outer regions, characterised in the ﬁrst paper of this series. Their func- tional parameters (oxygen abundances, ionisation parameters, and e ﬀ ective temperatures) were estimated and this parameter grid is employed as input for the computation of 540 Cloudy photoionisation models. Observed regions are compared with model predictions using diagnostic and evolutionary diagrams. Results. Higher metallicities are conﬁrmed for the inner regions, although there are important discrepancies between the diagnos- tic diagrams. Calibrations based on the N2 index may underestimate inner regions oxygen abundances due to the [N ii ] saturation at solar metallicities. The degeneracy between the age and ionisation parameter a ﬀ ects oxygen abundance calibrations based on the O3N2 index. Innermost regions seem to have enhanced N / O ratios with respect to the expected values considering secondary production of nitrogen, which indicate an increase in the slope of the relation between N / O and O / H. Ionisation parameter calibrations based on the [S ii ] / H α ratio are not valid for inner regions due to the observed bivalued behaviour of this ratio with O / H. Innermost regions have lower [O ii ] / [O iii ] ratio values than expected, indicating a possible non-linear relation between u and Z . Composite stellar populations (ionising and non-ionising) are present in both inner and outer regions, with an ionising contribution of around 1%. In considering the e ﬀ ects of evolution and underlying populations, inner regions show larger ionising cluster masses that possibly compose star-forming complexes. The most conservative lower limit for ionising cluster masses of outer regions indicate that they might be a ﬀ ected by stochastic e ﬀ ects. Equivalent widths indicate younger ages for outer regions, but degeneracy between evolution and underlying population e ﬀ ects prevent a quantitative determination. Nebular properties of the H ii regions are also derived: inner regions have larger angular sizes, lower ﬁlling factors, and larger ionised hydrogen masses. Conclusions. Systematic physical di ﬀ erences are conﬁrmed between ionising clusters of inner and outer H ii regions. These di ﬀ erences condition the validity and range of reliability of oxygen abundance and ionisation parameter calibrations commonly applied to the study of H ii regions.
Development of double burner natural-draft biomass cookstove

: Improved biomass cookstoves have been widely proven to be more efficient than traditional cookstoves. They are however mostly designed as single burners to utilize one fuel type. This paper presents the development of a double burner natural-draft biomass cookstove. The study conforms with the global effort of harnessing clean and efficient methods of cooking towards curtailing deforestation and mitigating the impacts of climate change. The cookstove was designed as a batch-fed double burner type with a ceramic insulated combustion chamber. The insulators were equally made detachable to ease maintenance. The cookstove was evaluated and thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, time spent in boiling per given weight of water, and firepower were determined. The result of the experimental analysis yielded a mean thermal efficiency ranging from 17.2% - 33.1%, mean specific fuel consumption of 0.019 - 0.089, mean time spent in boiling per given weight of water of 0.172 - 0.354 h kg -1 , and mean firepower of 0.458 - 3.324 kW. In line with the performance indicators, the developed cookstove was found to be energy efficient for domestic cooking with the potential to save fuel and emit less pollutants to the environment. Further studies should focus on evaluating the cookstove with other forms of biomass fuel and insulators.
Alzheimer’s Dementia - A Narrative Review

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) was identified almost a century back and is slowly progressing as a global pandemic. This disease is one of the most common causes of Dementia. In this condition, an affected individual loses their recent memories and almost all cognitive functions, and eventually, the person becomes incapable of performing even the simplest of tasks. This paper aims to review the epidemiol-ogy, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, and various treatment strategies of AD dementia.
Distribution of Salmonella spp. and serovars isolated from captive reptiles in four zoos of the Zoological Park Organization, Thailand, between 2017 and 2018

Salmonellosis is the main reason for food borne diseases in many countries globally and it has been found that reptiles are carriers of the disease. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the distribution of Salmonella spp. and their serovars from reptiles in zoos in Thailand between 2017 and 2018. A total of 257 reptile samples were collected from four zoos which are Dusit (128 samples), Chiangmai (32 samples), Songkhla (34 samples) and Nakhonratchasima (63 samples). Salmonella was isolated and identified, serotyping of those isolates was investigated using a panel of Salmonella antisera and serotypes were characterized according to the Kauffman-White classification scheme. Salmonella isolates were found in 93 (36.19%) of all samples, 51 (39.84%), 25 (39.68%), 9 (28.13%) and 8 (23.53%) isolates in Dusit, Nakhonratchasima, Chiangmai, and Songkhla, respectively. Salmonella was found mostly in snakes (70.13%) followed by lizards (57.57%) and turtles (13.70%). Sixty-two Salmonella isolates were selected for serotyping study and there were 4 subspecies and 32 serovars, S. diarizonae being the most common followed by S. enterica , S . houtena e, and S. arizonae , respectively. Dusit was the most common variety with 18 serovars followed by Nakhonratchasima (10 serovars), Songkhla (5 serovars) and Chiangmai (4 serovars). Salmonella from snakes showed the greatest diversity of serovars. The study showed that these reptiles were the sources of Salmonella spp. especially S. enterica which causes disease in humans with a high ratio (43.55%). This revealed a risk of Salmonella infection. It is necessary to carefully observe and emphasize the risk of contamination within the zoos in order to prevent the spread of Salmonella from reptiles to other animals and the community.