Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TARGETED SATELLITE IMAGE CLASSIFICATION FOR URBAN MAP UPDATING USING GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM PLATFORM

Traditional map production and updating methods which usually involve field surveying and/or photogrammetry, while established and used for a long time, are time consuming and costly. Whereas satellite imagery have provided great amounts of data with high resolutions suitable for different geospatial applications. This paper focuses on taking advantage of geospatial information systems for enabling automated supervised classification of satellite images in urban areas. Such ability is provided through some attributes that determine whether features in current map have changed or not. The overall process consists of three stages: i: Geo database upgrade for addition of some attributes; ii: Classification by Support Vector Machine (SVM) and iii: Change analysis. The proposed method is applied on a sample data of Worldview 3 image of Hormozgan, Iran. The obtained results show that using such method not only can automate supervised classification but also can decrease misclassification errors through local training. Also its independent of classification method provides the ability to deploy other classification methods.
Solving Mesoscale Atmospheric Dynamics Using a Reconfigurable Dataflow Architecture

FPGA-based reconfigurable dataflow engines provide a novel architecture to achieve breakthroughs in both time and energy to solution in numerical simulations. This article presents an efficient dataflow methodology for solving the Euler atmospheric dynamic equations, an essential step for mesoscale atmospheric simulation. The authors present customizable optimizations such as hybrid decomposition, algorithmic offsetting, customizable window buffer, and mixed-precision arithmetic. Combining algorithmic and architectural optimizations, they map a complex Euler stencil kernel into a single FPGA chip and develop a long streaming pipeline that can perform 956 mixed-precision operations per cycle. They also fully optimize the Euler performance over different traditional processors and accelerators based on multicore and many-core architectures. Their dataflow design outperforms traditional multicore and many-core counterparts in both time and energy to solution. This work demonstrates the promising potential of employing dataflow architectures in numerical simulations to overcome some of the major constraints facing mainstream processors and accelerators.
Representation of a Sentence using a Polar Fuzzy Neutrosophic Semantic Net

A semantic net can be used to represent a sentence. A sentence in a language contains semantics which are polar in nature, that is, semantics which are positive, neutral and negative. Neutrosophy is a relatively new field of science which can be used to mathematically represent triads of concepts. These triads include truth, indeterminacy and falsehood, and so also positivity, neutrality and negativity. Thus a conventional semantic net has been extended in this paper using neutrosophy into a Polar Fuzzy Neutrosophic Semantic Net. A Polar Fuzzy Neutrosophic Semantic Net has been implemented in MATLAB and has been used to illustrate a polar sentence in English language. The paper demonstrates a method for the representation of polarity in a computer’s memory. Thus, polar concepts can be applied to imbibe a machine such as a robot, with emotions, making machine emotion representation possible.
The Brain of Musicians

Abstract: Musicians form an ideal subject pool in which one can investigate possible cerebral adaptations to unique requirements of skilled performance as well as cerebral correlates of unique musical abilities such as absolute pitch and others. There are several reasons for this. First, the commencement of musical training usually occurs when the brain and its components may still be able to adapt. Second, musicians undergo long‐term motor training and continued practice of complicated bimanual motor activity. Third, imaging studies from our group as well as other groups have shown that motor learning and the acquisition of skills can lead to changes in the representation of motor maps and possibly also to microstructural changes. Whether the unique musical abilities and structural differences that musicians' brains show are due to learning, perhaps during critical periods of brain development and maturation, or whether they reflect innate abilities and capacities that might be fostered by early exposure to music is largely unknown. We will report studies that indicate that certain regions in the brain (corpus callosum, motor cortex, cerebellum) may show some form of adaptation to extraordinary challenges and requirements of performance. These challenges may eventually lead to functional and structural cerebral changes to accommodate the requirements for musical performance. Furthermore, we will also show the neural correlates of one unique musical ability, absolute pitch. This ability may be linked to one structure in the human brain (planum temporale), which is preferentially activated in musicians who have absolute pitch during tone tasks. This structure may undergo some form of functional plasticity that is possible only during a critical period of brain development.
Geometry-Driven Polarity in Motile Amoeboid Cells

Motile eukaryotic cells, such as leukocytes, cancer cells, and amoeba, typically move inside the narrow interstitial spacings of tissue or soil. While most of our knowledge of actin-driven eukaryotic motility was obtained from cells that move on planar open surfaces, recent work has demonstrated that confinement can lead to strongly altered motile behavior. Here, we report experimental evidence that motile amoeboid cells undergo a spontaneous symmetry breaking in confined interstitial spaces. Inside narrow channels, the cells switch to a highly persistent, unidirectional mode of motion, moving at a constant speed along the channel. They remain in contact with the two opposing channel side walls and alternate protrusions of their leading edge near each wall. Their actin cytoskeleton exhibits a characteristic arrangement that is dominated by dense, stationary actin foci at the side walls, in conjunction with less dense dynamic regions at the leading edge. Our experimental findings can be explained based on an excitable network model that accounts for the confinement-induced symmetry breaking and correctly recovers the spatio-temporal pattern of protrusions at the leading edge. Since motile cells typically live in the narrow interstitial spacings of tissue or soil, we expect that the geometry-driven polarity we report here plays an important role for movement of cells in their natural environment.
BlogScope: A System for Online Analysis of High Volume Text Streams

We present BlogScope (www.blogscope.net), a system for online analysis of temporally ordered streaming text, currently applied to the analysis of the Blogosphere. The system currently tracks over ten million blogs and handles hundreds of thousands of updates daily. BlogScope is an information discovery and text analysis system that offers a set of unique features. Such features include, spatio-temporal analysis of blogs, flexible navigation of the Blogosphere through information bursts, keyword correlations and burst synopsis, as well as enhanced ranking functions for improved query answer relevance. We describe the system, its design and the features of the current version of BlogScope.
Diffusion tensor echo planar imaging using surface coil transceiver with a semiadiabatic RF pulse sequence at 14.1T

Diffusion magnetic resonance studies of the brain are typically performed using volume coils. Although in human brain this leads to a near optimal filling factor, studies of rodent brain must contend with the fact that only a fraction of the head volume can be ascribed to the brain. The use of surface coil as transceiver increases Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (SNR), reduces radiofrequency power requirements and opens the possibility of parallel transmit schemes, likely to allow efficient acquisition schemes, of critical importance for reducing the long scan times implicated in diffusion tensor imaging. This study demonstrates the implementation of a semiadiabatic echo planar imaging sequence (echo time = 40 ms, four interleaves) at 14.1T using a quadrature surface coil as transceiver. It resulted in artifact free images with excellent SNR throughout the brain. Diffusion tensor derived parameters obtained within the rat brain were in excellent agreement with reported values. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inequality and Union Membership: The Impact of Relative Earnings Position and Inequality Attitudes

In this paper we examine the connection between union membership and economic inequality. Using several surveys from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) covering the period 1985-2002, we initially examine the impact of relative earnings position on union membership and show that union membership is concentrated in the intermediate earnings groups. Next, we examine the impact of inequality attitudes on union membership. We show that union membership is not only affected by individual expected benefits related to education or earnings, but that attitudes towards inequality also play an important role. When controlling for attitudes, however, the relative income position remains significant in affecting the probability of union membership. We also show that there are no significant trends in the relationship between relative income positions and union membership. Our results indicate that union decline is observed in face of increasing earning dispersion, by attracting fewer members at both tails of earnings distribution.
LMI-based design of a structured direct adaptive satellite attitude control with actuator rate feedback

Satellite attitude control of a microsatellite of the CNES Myriade series is considered. Reduction of saturations on the angular rate of reaction wheel actuators is addressed by means of control gain adaptation. The proposed adaptive control design has the following features: performances of the adaptive law are the same as those of a predefined linear time-invariant control when the state is close to the equilibrium; adaptation is structured allowing to include engineering considerations in the design; asymptotic stability is guaranteed based on Lyapunov arguments; fine tuning of adaptive gains is made by linear matrix inequality based convex optimization. The novelties compared to previous results are: to include actuator rate information in the adaptive scheme; to provide a simplified design procedure.
Newspaper coverage of mental illness in Hong Kong between 2002 and 2012: impact of introduction of a new Chinese name of psychosis

In Hong Kong, ‘si‐jue‐shi‐tiao’ (思覺失調) was officially adopted as the Chinese translation of psychosis in 2001. The new term covered a broader aspect of psychosis, compared with the original term, ‘jing‐shen‐fen‐lie’ (精神分裂), which gave a negative stereotype as a ‘mental split‐mind disorder’. The current study compared the usage of the two terms, and added evidence to the name changing as anti‐stigma strategy.
Source coding with composite side information at the decoder

We consider a source-coding scenario in which composite side information is available at the decoder, viz. part of it is known non-causally, whereas the other part is available only causally - by this combining the treatment of Wyner and Ziv with that of Weissman and El Gamal. We then consider the joint source-channel coding problem of transmitting a source with composite side information at the decoder over a channel with composite side information at the encoder. We show that the separation principle between source coding with composite side information and its dual channel problem holds, thus extending the result of Merhav and Shamai to the case of composite side informations. These results provide a unified framework for treating the causal side information case, the non-causal stateinformation case, as well as a mixture of the two.
Evaluation of the Vertebrobasilar–Posterior System by Transcranial Color Duplex Sonography in Adults

Background and Purpose: The transcranial color duplex sonography technique was applied to the vertebrobasilar-posterior system to provide normal data for clinical application. Methods: The intracranial posterior circulation was studied in 49 healthy volunteers (mean±SD age, 35±12 years) by a transcranial and suboccipital approach with a 2.0-MHz sector transducer of a computed sonography system. Results: The posterior cerebral artery and the vertebrobasilar system were depicted clearly in the color Doppler mode. Pulsed Doppler signals could be recorded in the posterior cerebral (100%), basilar (92%), and vertebral arteries (89%). The following normal values were provided for all vessels: systolic peak, end-diastolic maximum, time-averaged, and time-averaged maximum velocities; resistance and pulsatility indexes; and a spectral broadening index. Mean±SD values were 45.9±9.6, 45.5±10.8, and 39.2±10.6 cm/sec for time-averaged maximum velocity, and 28.3±6.5, 30.6±7.2, and 24.7±8.4 cm/sec for timeaveraged velocity in the posterior cerebral, basilar, and vertebral arteries, respectively. In a reproducibility study, duplex measurements of the posterior cerebral arteries were repeated in 27 subjects. The correlation between the two examiners was high (r=0.56, p<0.0001 for time-averaged maximum velocity). Conclusions: Color duplex sonography of the vertebrobasilar-posterior system is a new, noninvasive, bedside investigative technique. It permits visualization of artery flow in real time, relating these to adjacent brain and cranial structures, as well as angle-corrected duplex measurement of “true” flow velocities at defined sites of the vessels. Thus, it will open new diagnostic possibilities in disorders of the posterior circulation.
Modeling a fibre channel switch with stochastic Petri nets

Gianfranco Ciardo Dept. of Computer Science, College of William and Mary Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA ciardo@cs.wm. edu Ludmila Cherkasova, Vadim Kotov, and Tomas Rokicki Hewlett-Packard Labs 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA fcherkasova,kotov,rokickig@hpl.hp. com As computing systems become increasingly complex and concurrent, performance analysis becomes more important, especially when designing an overall architecture. Simple numerical approximations can often yield bounds on performance. Queueing theory and Markovian analysis can provide insight into the steady-state performance of the system. Discreteevent simulation can provide a more detailed view of the system behavior. We used all of the above techniques in the performance study of a Fibre Channel switch. An approximate stochastic Petri net (SPN) model was employed, obtained by exploiting symmetries in the system. The most challenging aspect was determining transition ring probabilities that accurately re ected the dynamic behavior of the exact SPN. This model was valided against a detailed simulation and found to be accurate within 3%. See [1] for details and references. 1 System description We consider a switch with N ports, numbered from 0 to N 1 (Fig. 1). The switch contains bu er pools organized by input port, a router to transfer header information to output queues, and a scheduler to schedule the transfer of data from an input bu er across the crossbar to an output port. When a message arrives at a port, it is read into a bu er as soon as one is available. The router cyclically polls each port, bypassing ports without new messages. During the poll of a particular port, the router reads the header information of the new message and inserts it into a scheduler table. This table is organized as N FIFO queues, one per output port. The router starts routing a message as soon as the header is in 0 1 N-1 Input Port 0 B slots
Improved Non-Deterministic Planning by Exploiting State Relevance

We address the problem of computing a policy for fully observable non-deterministic (FOND) planning problems. By focusing on the relevant aspects of the state of the world, we introduce a series of improvements to the previous state of the art and extend the applicability of our planner, PRP, to work in an online setting. The use of state relevance allows our policy to be exponentially more succinct in representing a solution to a FOND problem for some domains. Through the introduction of new techniques for avoiding deadends and determining sufficient validity conditions, PRP has the potential to compute a policy up to several orders of magnitude faster than previous approaches. We also find dramatic improvements over the state of the art in online replanning when we treat suitable probabilistic domains as FOND domains.
Numerical analysis for diffusion models of GI/Ph/n+GI queues

We use multidimensional diffusion processes to approximate the dynamics of a GI/Ph/n + GI queue with many parallel servers. The queue is served in the first-in-first-out (FIFO) order and the waiting customers may abandon the system without service. Two approximate models are proposed for this queue. To analyze these models, we develop a numerical algorithm computing the stationary distribution of a diffusion process. For the many-server queue, solving the stationary distribution of the customer number using a diffusion model is much more efficient than using the matrixanalytic method. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the diffusion models are good approximations for many-server queues.
Topographical, Autobiographical and Semantic Memory in a Patient with Bilateral Mesial Temporal and Retrosplenial Infarction

According to Consolidation Theory (Squire, 1992, Psychological Review, 99, 195; Squire & Alvarez, 1995, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 5, 169), the mesial temporal lobes have a time-limited role in the maintenance, storage and retrieval of retrograde declarative memories, such that they are not necessary for recalling remote memories. In contrast, proponents of the Multiple Trace Theory (Fuji, Moscovitch, & Nadel, 2000, Handbook of neuropsychology, 2nd ed., p 223, Amsterdam, New York: Elsevier; Nadel & Moscovitch, 1999, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 7, 217) posit that the mesial temporal lobe (MTL) is necessary for remembering detailed autobiographical and topographical material from all time periods. A third theory of hippocampal function, the Cognitive Map Theory (O'Keefe & Nadel, 1978, The hippocampus as a cognitive map. Oxford: Clarendon), states that the hippocampus is involved in the processing of allocentric spatial representations. The precise role of the MTL in remote memory has been difficult to elucidate, as the majority of studies present cases with widespread brain damage that often occurred many years prior to testing. We investigated retrograde autobiographical, semantic and topographical memories in a subject (SG) who had recently sustained infarctions confined to the MTL and retrosplenial region bilaterally. Inconsistent with the predictions of Cognitive Map Theory, memory for spatial maps that were learned in the past was preserved. Additional testing indicated that SG suffered from a landmark agnosia, which affected remotely and recently acquired information equally. SG was also poor at imagining which direction he would have to turn his body to move from one landmark to another. In accordance with Consolidation Theory, SG performed similarly to control subjects for remote time periods on various measures of retrograde autobiographical memory and demonstrated intact knowledge regarding famous faces and vocabulary terms that were acquired in the past. In contrast, memory for remote public events was impaired. The current findings indicate that the mesial temporal and/or retrosplenial regions have little role to play in memory for remotely acquired spatial maps, autobiographical memories, famous faces or vocabulary terms. However, the findings for landmark naming, directional calculations between landmarks and knowledge of public events suggest that the MTL and/or retrosplenial cortices remain important for accessing these types of memories indefinitely.
Climate Impact of a Regional Nuclear Weapons Exchange: An Improved Assessment Based On Detailed Source Calculations

We present a multiscale study examining the impact of a regional exchange of nuclear weapons on global climate. Our models investigate multiple phases of the effects of nuclear weapons usage, including growth and rise of the nuclear fireball, ignition and spread of the induced firestorm, and comprehensive Earth system modeling of the oceans, land, ice, and atmosphere. This study follows from the scenario originally envisioned by Robock, Oman, Stenchikov, et al. (2007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2003-2007), based on the analysis of Toon et al. (2007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1973-2007), which assumes a regional exchange between India and Pakistan of fifty 15 kt weapons detonated by each side. We expand this scenario by modeling the processes that lead to production of black carbon, in order to refine the black carbon forcing estimates of these previous studies. When the Earth system model is initiated with 5 × 109 kg of black carbon in the upper troposphere (approximately from 9 to 13 km), the impact on climate variables such as global temperature and precipitation in our simulations is similar to that predicted by previously published work. However, while our thorough simulations of the firestorm produce about 3.7 × 109 kg of black carbon, we find that the vast majority of the black carbon never reaches an altitude above weather systems (approximately 12 km). Therefore, our Earth system model simulations conducted with model‐informed atmospheric distributions of black carbon produce significantly lower global climatic impacts than assessed in prior studies, as the carbon at lower altitudes is more quickly removed from the atmosphere. In addition, our model ensembles indicate that statistically significant effects on global surface temperatures are limited to the first 5 years and are much smaller in magnitude than those shown in earlier works. None of the simulations produced a nuclear winter effect. We find that the effects on global surface temperatures are not uniform and are concentrated primarily around the highest arctic latitudes, dramatically reducing the global impact on human health and agriculture compared with that reported by earlier studies. Our analysis demonstrates that the probability of significant global cooling from a limited exchange scenario as envisioned in previous studies is highly unlikely, a conclusion supported by examination of natural analogs, such as large forest fires and volcanic eruptions.