Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A DOT1B/Ribonuclease H2 Protein Complex Is Involved in R-Loop Processing, Genomic Integrity, and Antigenic Variation in Trypanosoma brucei

Trypanosoma brucei is a unicellular parasite that causes devastating diseases like sleeping sickness in humans and the “nagana” disease in cattle in Africa. Fundamental to the establishment and prolongation of a trypanosome infection is the parasite's ability to escape the mammalian host's immune system by antigenic variation, which relies on periodic changes of a protein surface coat. ABSTRACT The parasite Trypanosoma brucei periodically changes the expression of protective variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs) to evade its host’s immune system in a process known as antigenic variation. One route to change VSG expression is the transcriptional activation of a previously silent VSG expression site (ES), a subtelomeric region containing the VSG genes. Homologous recombination of a different VSG from a large reservoir into the active ES represents another route. The conserved histone methyltransferase DOT1B is involved in transcriptional silencing of inactive ES and influences ES switching kinetics. The molecular machinery that enables DOT1B to execute these regulatory functions remains elusive, however. To better understand DOT1B-mediated regulatory processes, we purified DOT1B-associated proteins using complementary biochemical approaches. We identified several novel DOT1B interactors. One of these was the RNase H2 complex, previously shown to resolve RNA-DNA hybrids, maintain genome integrity, and play a role in antigenic variation. Our study revealed that DOT1B depletion results in an increase in RNA-DNA hybrids, accumulation of DNA damage, and ES switching events. Surprisingly, a similar pattern of VSG deregulation was observed in RNase H2 mutants. We propose that both proteins act together in resolving R-loops to ensure genome integrity and contribute to the tightly regulated process of antigenic variation. IMPORTANCE Trypanosoma brucei is a unicellular parasite that causes devastating diseases like sleeping sickness in humans and the “nagana” disease in cattle in Africa. Fundamental to the establishment and prolongation of a trypanosome infection is the parasite's ability to escape the mammalian host's immune system by antigenic variation, which relies on periodic changes of a protein surface coat. The exact mechanisms, however, which mediate these changes are still elusive. In this work, we describe a novel protein complex consisting of the histone methyltransferase DOT1B and RNase H2 which is involved in antigenic variation.
Cyclamen mite (Acari: Tarsonemidae) monitoring in eastern Canada strawberry (Rosaceae) fields and its potential control by the predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Abstract The cyclamen mite (Phytonemus pallidus Banks; Acari: Tarsonemidae) has recently become a more important pest in Canadian strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier; Rosaceae) production with the withdrawal of the pesticide endosulfan in 2016, yet its phenology under field conditions in Canada is poorly known. Moreover, while its biological control with predatory mites has shown potential, the effectiveness of this method has never been investigated under eastern Canadian field conditions. The objectives of this study were to (1) monitor populations of P. pallidus in strawberries for two consecutive years; and (2) evaluate the in-field potential of the predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudemans (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Monitoring cyclamen mite populations in the field revealed new critical knowledge about its phenology in eastern Canada, such as activity until late November. The predator N. cucumeris was able to effectively suppress cyclamen mites the first year, but appeared to be too cold-sensitive to maintain adequate control towards the end of the season. Furthermore, the high rates of predator release required would most likely be cost prohibitive for commercial use. Control of the cyclamen mite in strawberries remains a complex issue that will require further research.
Generation C's Internet Searching Behavior and The Factors Influencing the Intention to Follow Electronic Word-Of-Mouth in Online Hotel Reservations

With growing competitiveness in the hotel industry, related businesses should take full advantage of the internet. It is important to understand attitudes towards eWOM (electronic word-of-mouth), which is related to trust in eWOM and customers’ intentions to follow eWOM. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to study a model of hedonic features, utilitarian features, trust in eWOM, and attitudes towards eWOM. The concept of Generation C addresses the lifestyle of people living in the digital age, and was used to guide the selection of 400 samples from Generation C in Thailand. The results showed that hedonic and utilitarian features do have an effect on trust in eWOM; trust in eWOM has an effect on attitudes towards eWOM; and attitudes towards eWOM have an effect on the intention to follow eWOM among individuals of Generation-C in Thailand. Therefore, the hotel reservation businesses should provide hedonic website features by creating a unique website, also with enough information to fulfil consumer needs; this can influence the trust and attitudes of consumers when making purchasing decisions.
Factors affecting health care facility utilization in rural areas of Lucknow district

India is a developing country with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 7.35%. Growth of any country directly reflect the wellbeing of its citizens e.g. health. Health is the fundamental human right. Government has been providing health care services and introducing various health programmes and schemes time to time to take good care of their citizens. In spite of economic growth and demographic transition, the Indian healthcare system is burdened by a rise in infectious and chronic degenerative diseases. Infectious, contagious and waterborne diseases such as dengue fever, diarrhoea, typhoid, viral hepatitis, measles, malaria, tuberculosis, whooping cough and pneumonia are major contributors to disease, especially among poor and rural Indians. Communicable diseases once thought to be under control (e.g. dengue fever, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, malaria, and pneumonia) are still in existence in India, having reappeared with high levels of drug resistance, to the disadvantage of the poor. Since the population is increasing rapidly (it is 1.34 billion, with male population of 69.2 crore and female 65.2 crore) and 25% of rural and 14% urban population is living below the poverty line. With the limited resources government alone cannot cater ABSTRACT
Natural variations in estuarine fish, fish odor, and zooplankton photobehavior

ABSTRACT Fish odor induces predator avoidance behaviors in zooplankton, like vertical migration, by making zooplankton more responsive to light. Odor cues that alter behavior in marine crustacean zooplankton in the laboratory include sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) derived from fish body mucus. Few studies quantify these cues in estuarine/marine environments or assess whether laboratory studies reflect natural scenarios. We collected fish and water samples weekly in Broadkill River, Delaware, USA. We used field-collected water in colorimetric assays to determine the concentration of sGAG-equivalent molecules and in behavioral assays with a zooplankton model, brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) nauplii, which only descend in response to downwelling light after fish odor exposure. Fish quantity was positively related to sGAG-equivalents and zooplankton photosensitivity, indicated by descent responses at lower light levels and across a broad intensity range. Our results support that fish odor concentrations used in previous laboratory assays are consistent with levels found in an estuary.
What is the Solar Wind Frame of Reference?

Various solar wind ion species move with different speeds and theoretical considerations as well as limited observations in a region close to the Sun show that heavy solar wind ions tend to flow faster than protons, at least in less-aged fast solar wind streams. The solar wind flow carries the frozen-in interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and this situation evokes three related questions: (i) what is the proper solar wind speed, (ii) is this speed equal to the speed of the dominant component, whatever that may be, and (iii) what is the speed of the magnetic field? We show that simple theoretical considerations based on the MHD approximation as well as on the dynamics of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields suggest that the IMF velocity of motion (de Hoffmann–Teller (HT) velocity) would be deliberated as the velocity appropriate for solar wind studies. Our analysis based on the Wind, Helios, ACE, and SOHO observations of differential streaming of solar wind populations shows that their energy is conserved in the HT frame. On the other hand, the noise and temporal resolution of the data do not allow us to decide whether the total momentum is also conserved in this frame.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Assessment of Uninvestigated Esophageal Dysphagia

Abstract Background and aims Our aim is to review the literature and provide guidelines for the assessment of uninvestigated dysphagia. Methods A systematic literature search identified studies on dysphagia. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were rated according to the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Statements were discussed and revised via small group meetings, teleconferences, and a web-based platform until consensus was reached by the full group. Results The consensus includes 13 statements focused on the role of strategies for the assessment of esophageal dysphagia. In patients presenting with dysphagia, oropharyngeal dysphagia should be identified promptly because of the risk of aspiration. For patients with esophageal dysphagia, history can be used to help differentiate structural from motility disorders and to elicit alarm features. An empiric trial of proton pump inhibitor therapy should be limited to four weeks in patients with esophageal dysphagia who have reflux symptoms and no additional alarm features. For patients with persistent dysphagia, endoscopy, including esophageal biopsy, was recommended over barium esophagram for the assessment of structural and mucosal esophageal disease. Barium esophagram may be useful when the availability of endoscopy is limited. Esophageal manometry was recommended for diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders, and high-resolution was recommended over conventional manometry. Conclusions Once oropharyngeal dysphagia is ruled out, patients with symptoms of esophageal dysphagia should be assessed by history and physical examination, followed by endoscopy to identify structural and inflammatory lesions. If these are ruled out, then manometry is recommended for the diagnosis of esophageal dysmotility.
The Difficulties Vietnamese Secondary Students Experience in Producing English Final Consonants

i DECLARATION . iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . viii CHAPTER 1: Introduction . 1 I. Statement of problem . 1 II. Personal motivation . 2 III. The goals and the significance of the thesis.3 IV. Outline of the thesis . 5 CHAPTER 2: Literature Review . 6 I. The definition of pronunciation . 6 II. Definition of pronunciation.9 III. The reasons why Vietnamese learners face difficulty In producing English sounds precisely . 16 1. The tendency to omit final sounds . 11 2. Rules for combining sounds.12 3. Stress and intonation . 13 4. Tendency to transfer English sounds to so-called similar sounds . 13 5. The lack of instruction . 14 6. The context of teaching and learning pronunciation in Vietnam . 15
Association of Maternal Diet during Pregnancy and Metabolite Profile in Cord Blood

Background/aim Maternal diet before and during pregnancy can contribute to an offspring’s mental and physical health. Moreover, maternal food intake can modulate overweight or obesity issues and the development of adverse metabolic related outcomes/diseases later in life. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the association of maternal diet during pregnancy with the metabolite profile in cord blood. Methods An analysis of maternal diet was conducted to study diet variability and patterns and to derive a set of factors, which would then be used in association analyses with cord blood metabolites. These analyses were done in the German LISA birth cohort (n~650 with information available on maternal diet and cord blood metabolome). Maternal food intake during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy was assessed by using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) comprising of 45 food items administered shortly after childbirth. Glycerophospholipid fatty acids (GPL-FA), polar lipids, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and amino acids were analysed with gas chromatography (GPL-FA) or targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based metabolomics platforms. Results Factor analysis shows ten factors accounting for 28% of the total variance that could be classified into different dietary patterns. Some of the categories are ‘meat-eaters’, ‘healthy/vegetable-eaters’ and ‘sweet-eaters’ additionally a seasonal pattern in some maternal diets has emerged. A regression score is used in an effort to provide the highest correlations between the factor and its score. Finally, a linear regression for association with cord blood metabolites, adjusted for relevant confounders, will complete the investigation. Conclusion A good classification of the different maternal diets has been identified which allows for the characterisation of associations between maternal diet and cord blood metabolites. We conclude that maternal diet modulates metabolic status of the fetus which may be relevant for fetal growth and development.
Factors that affect acceptance and use of information systems within the Maritime industry in developing countries

Although information and communication technology has become a significant driver for organizational efficiency and effectiveness, there is inadequate empirical research on technology acceptance in the maritime industry especially in developing countries. Literature on how behavior and attitude influence technology acceptance is non-existent. This study therefore aims to augment existing literature on technology acceptance in developing countries with particular emphasis on the maritime industry. ,The study extended the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model to investigate the factors that affect the acceptance and use of INTTRA: a multi-carrier booking and shipping system designed to facilitate ocean trade worldwide. Responses from 198 subjects, collected through a questionnaire, were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling. ,The research model confirmed significant influences of performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, anxiety and attitude towards use on users’ intention to use INTTRA. In contrast, social influence, effort expectancy and self-efficacy did not significantly influence intention to use. Although these findings confirm some proposed relationships in the UTAUT model, it contradicted the cultural dimension argument that developing countries with higher degrees of femininity pay less attention to performance and high attention to social influence. ,The study contributes to knowledge in the area of information systems and technology acceptance in developing countries. Particularly, it seeks to expand literature on adoption within the maritime industry. The study is limited to the sample used for the study, as it used participants from only one country. However, the findings are not generalized for the entire maritime industry but rather Ghana. ,The originality of the study is derived from the provision of literature on adoption within the maritime industry in developing countries. It also provided evidence that challenges existing knowledge on characteristics of countries that exhibits high level of femininity culture as proposed by Hofstede.
Where We Stand In the Global Eradication of Polio

Eradicable infectious agents are those where the chain of transmission can be broken by an intervention and where there is no reservoir such as a chronic or persistent carrier state, chronic infection, or a non-human host. The only disease eradicated globally is small pox, with the last case recorded in Somalia in 1977. Despite two highly effective vaccines and a disease restricted to humans with very rare cases of chronic persistent infections, the eradication of polio has been elusive. The less favorable geopolitical climate during the polio eradication effort, characterized by multiple global conflicts, as compared to the Cold War smallpox eradication era has contributed to the difficulties encountered [1]. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was launched at the World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1988 and signaled an international push for a polio-free world by the year 2000.
Kerosene Like Fuel Characteristics from Municipal Solid Plastics Waste Pyrolytic Oil for Domestic Purposes

The aims of the research are to characterized pyrolytic oil as fuel and utilize it for heating purpose. The pyrolytic oil was characterized to decide whether this oil can be used as fuel for the desired application or not. The highest pyrolytic fuel yield of about 67.48% w/w was obtained from converting of 3000 g of plastic waste at pyrolysis time, topt. of 240 minutes and a pyrolysis temperature of 360 °C in a small pilot-scale batch reactor. The characteristic of pyrolytic fuel had an average value of density and viscosity were 771 kg/m3, 1.031 cSt, respectively. The combustion quality as other characteristics of the fuel was obtained as heating value, flash point and auto-ignition point of 37.996 MJ/kg, 48 °C and 240 °C, respectively. The similar functional groups of pyrolytic oil and commercial kerosene fuel were found in Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum. This pyrolytic oil provided a higher flame temperature of 1300 °C and a higher thermal efficiency of 33% upon utilized as fuel using a modified pressurized cook stove. These pyrolytic oil’s parameters are close to the standard values of the kerosene fuel.
The Response of Catchment Ecosystems in Eutrophic Agricultural Reservoirs to Water Quality Management Using DOM Fluorescence

Three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in five typical eutrophic agricultural reservoirs. Based on catchment ecosystem, the five reservoirs were divided into three pollution sources of livestock, living, and farmland sources. The quantities and qualities of DOM in the reservoirs were analyzed. Our results showed that DOM characteristics were different in eutrophic reservoirs based on source. More protein-like components were observed in the reservoirs with the living sources, while more humic-like components were seen in the reservoir with farmland sources. Additionally, correlation analysis showed different sources for protein-like and humic-like components. Protein-like components originated mainly from phytoplankton (endogenous sources), and humic-like components were from terrestrial sources. Furthermore, the high values of specific fluorescence parameters were consistent with a dominant role of endogenous DOM in eutrophic water bodies, with FI values (fluorescence index) of approximately 1.9, and β:α values (freshness index) greater than 0.7. This result indicated that mixed features dominated endogenous sources in the reservoirs, regardless of terrestrial pollution sources. By comparing our fluorescence characteristics and historical references, we confirmed that catchment ecosystems related to human activities are important factors in determination of the characteristics of DOM in aquatic environments. However, complex and extensive eutrophication requires endogenous control of water bodies, which will play a central role in improving water environments and sustainable use of reservoirs. Therefore, this study provides an effective basis for water quality assessment of eutrophic agricultural reservoirs.
Pengaruh Inflasi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Terhadap Laba Bank Umum yang Terdaftar Di BEI

The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of inflation and gross domestic product (GDP) growth against net interest margin (NIM). Population of this research is all commercial banks listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2015 to 2017. Samples collected by purposive sampling method. After passed the purposive sampling phase, 32 commercial banks have been selected as samples, which then categorized into 2 groups, small cap banks and big cap banks. The test results showed that inflation does not have significant effect on NIM of small cap banks. On the other hand, inflation has a significant and negative effect on NIM of big cap banks. The test results also showed that GDP growth does not have significant effect on neither small cap banks nor big cap banks.
Dietary Nitrate and Nitrite Concentrations in Food Patterns and Dietary Supplements

Inorganic nitrate and nitrite are plant nutrients, legally mandated additives to processed meats, and components of foods and dietary supplements associated with blood pressureYlowering and performance-enhancing effects. Controversy around dietary nitrate and nitrite consumption exists because of the potential for increased risk of certain cancers in adults and methemoglobinemia (ie, blue baby syndrome) in infants. However,more recent evidence suggests that dietary nitrate, as an exogenous source for endogenous nitric oxide production via the human nitrateY nitriteYnitric oxide pathway, exerts blood pressureYlowering effects and athletic performanceYenhancing activities in humans. Nitrate and nitrite content in foods is lacking from nutrient databases, which limits the ability to study healthrelated epidemiological associations. Therefore, we estimated human nitrate and nitrite intakes from cultural meal patterns, foods, and dietary supplements in order to determine the potential exposure range from available foods. Examination of prototypical daily meal patterns from 4 cultures showed that meal patterns with the greatest nitrate and nitrite concentrations were those with an abundant amount of leafy greens and root vegetables, such as the Japanese and Chinese diet, whereas concentrations in the American and Indian diet were considerably lower. Furthermore, consumption of 1 serving of a nitrate-rich food or supplement can exceed the World Health Organization acceptable daily intake for nitrate (0-3.7mg/kg bodyweight per day or 222 mg/d for a 60-kg adult). Given the potential health benefits and risks for dietary nitrate and nitrite intakes, there is a need for rational dietary guidance regarding nitrateand nitrite-containing foods in order to achieve optimal cardiovascular health and athletic performance, while taking into account the potential negative health risks. Nutr Today. 2020;55(5):218Y226