Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Astrophysical Hydrodynamics: An Introduction

1. The Equations o Fluid Motion. 2. Viscosity and Diffusion. 3. Vorticity and Rotation. 4. Shocks. 5. Similarity Methods. 6. Magnetic Fields in Astrophysics. 7. Turbulence. 8. Outflows and Accretion. 9. Instabilities. 10. Diagnosis of Astrophysical Flows. Problems and Questions for Further Exploration. Appendix: Some Real Numbers. General Bibliography. Index.
EFL Students’ Perceptions of the Effective English Teacher Characteristics

This study aimed to analyze EFL students' perceptions of the characteristics of the English language teachers and find out whether there is any difference in the student perceptions of the characteristics of effective English teachers based on gender. This study is quantitative. The research design used in this study is the descriptive and comparative research design. The descriptive design was used because the purpose is to examine and describe the students' perceptions of the characteristics of effective English language teachers. The questionnaires also consist of the respondents' profiles such as gender and 24 modified items of questions regarding students' perceptions of the characteristics of effective English teachers. This study involved 120 respondents from grade 11 of science, social, and Language class. The results of this study showed that students' perceptions of the characteristics of effective English teachers were found to be high involvement since the mean score was 3.08. The result of this study also found that there was no significant difference in the EFL Students' perceptions of the characteristics of effective English teachers based on gender since the result got p= 0.018. Another result of this study found that socio-affective skills are the distinctive characteristic that teachers must have to call an effective English teacher since the mean score was 3.45.
Challenges to Online Pharmacy Classes during COVID 19 Pandemic: cross sectional study in Jordan

Background: Covid 19 pandemic has had a strong influence on all aspects of life . One of these influence is education. The academic authorities in Jordan as in elsewhere across the world have shifted their method of teaching to online class. After four semester of online teaching it’s important for both teaching staff and students of pharmacy faculties to assess the trends and the preference of students to different methods of online teaching. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the COVID19 pandemic on online education for pharmacy students in Jordan’s faculties of pharmacy. Methods: We emailed a survey to the majority of students in Jordan’s pharmacy faculties during january and february 2022. Results: We received 230 responses, with 87.2 percent of respondents being female and the majority of the students being pharmacy students. Among the 230 respondents, 75% said they liked combining online and face-to-face training, while 13% said they preferred face-to-face instruction and only 12% said they favored online learning. The major challenges in online teaching during the pandemic are issues with in-person communication (87 percent), student assessment (65 percent) and use of technology tools (35 percent). Conclusion: Due to the fact that the survey was conducted during the fourth semester with the COVID 19 pandemic, and most students have gained confidence in using online technology and the university IT support, one can conclude that pharmacy students have a high level of confidence in the effectiveness of online pharmacy education.
Hyperscanning and the Future of Neurosociology

Because all aspects of social life have a mental component, sociology’s focus is not society alone but mind and society. Insofar as mind is an emergent level of brainwork, the description and measurement of mindwork amidst social interaction can be accomplished by neurometric measurement methodology. The authors’ topic, hyperscanning, involves the simultaneous recording of either hemodynamic or neuroelectric measurement of brain activity in two (or more) interacting individuals. The authors consider two hyperscanning methods, functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography (EEG). Although functional magnetic resonance imaging provides excellent spatial resolution of brain-region activation, the temporal resolution of EEG is unmatched. EEG’s low spatial resolution has been overcome by low-resolution electromagnetic tomography. Hyperscanning studies show that interpersonal coordination of action includes mutual entrainment or synchronization of neural dynamics, flow of information between brains, and causal effects of one brain upon another with respect to social-signaling processes involving fairness, reciprocity, trust, competition, cooperation, and leadership.
Referral Compliance Following a Diabetes Screening in a Dental Setting: A Scoping Review

With type 2 diabetes prevalence increasing in Australia, and the condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality, screening for dysglycaemia in the dental setting has been proposed to identify asymptomatic individuals. Screening commences with a risk assessment, and individuals identified at elevated risk for having diabetes are then referred to their medical practitioner for confirmation of their glycemic status. Therefore, for screening to be effective, individuals need to adhere to their oral health professionals’ (OHP) advice and attend their medical follow-ups. This review aims to investigate the literature on referral compliance following a risk assessment in the dental setting and identify barriers and facilitators to screened individuals’ referral compliance. A scoping review of the literature was undertaken, selecting studies of diabetes screening in a dental setting that recorded compliance to referral to follow-up, and explored any barriers and facilitators to adherence. Fourteen studies were selected. The referral compliance varied from 25 % to 90%. Six studies reported barriers and facilitators to attending medical follow-ups. Barriers identified included accessibility, cost, knowledge of the condition, and OHP characteristics.
Childhood Adversity and Risky Behaviors among Chinese Rural Young Adults: The Mediation Effect of Perceived Stress and Moderation Effect of Social Support

Research has documented that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) significantly impact young people’s risky behaviors. Yet, few studies have explored if individuals’ perceived stress mediates the association between ACEs and risky behaviors; also if social support moderates the pathways from ACEs to risky behaviors through perceived stress. This study aimed to assess the mediation effect of perceived stress and the moderation effect of social support in the study of ACEs and risky behaviors. This study sample includes 1091 Chinese rural young people. A web-based survey was used to assess demographic information, ACEs, perceived stress, social support, and seven types of risky behaviors. Multivariate regression models were run to test associations between ACEs and different risky behaviors while controlling for confounding variables. The mediation model (Model 4) and the moderated mediation model (Model 58) were also performed using the PROCESS macro. Multivariate regression results showed that, with increasing ACEs values, there was an increased likelihood of all risky behaviors. The moderated mediation analysis confirmed that perceived stress mediated the linkage between ACEs and risky behaviors. However, no significant moderating effect of social support was found. The study findings indicate that ACEs, risky behaviors, and perceived stress are significant public health problems among rural Chinese young people. Culturally appropriate prevention and intervention programs and services need to be implemented to address these issues and promote rural Chinese young people’s wellbeing and development.
C+ IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM: COLLISIONAL EXCITATION BY H2 REVISITED

C+ is a critical constituent of many regions of the interstellar medium, as it can be a major reservoir of carbon and, under a wide range of conditions, the dominant gas coolant. Emission from its 158 μm fine structure line is used to trace the structure of photon-dominated regions in the Milky Way and is often employed as a measure of the star formation rate in external galaxies. Under most conditions, the emission from the single [C ii] line is proportional to the collisional excitation rate coefficient. We here used improved calculations of the deexcitation rate of [C ii] by collisions with H2 to calculate more accurate expressions for interstellar C+ fine structure emission, its critical density, and its cooling rate. The collision rates in the new quantum calculation are ∼25% larger than those previously available, and narrow the difference between rates for excitation by atomic and molecular hydrogen. This results in [C ii] excitation being quasi-independent of the molecular fraction and thus dependent only on the total hydrogen particle density. A convenient expression for the cooling rate at temperatures between 20 K and 400 K, assuming an LTE H2 ortho to para ratio is . The present work should allow more accurate and convenient analysis of the [C ii] line emission and its cooling.
Observational constraints on teleparallel dark energy

We use data from Type Ia Supernovae (SNIa), Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations to constrain the recently proposed teleparallel dark energy scenario based on the teleparallel equivalent of General Relativity, in which one adds a canonical scalar field, allowing also for a nonminimal coupling with gravity. Using the power-law, the exponential and the inverse hyperbolic cosine potential ansatzes, we show that the scenario is compatible with observations. In particular, the data favor a nonminimal coupling, and although the scalar field is canonical the model can describe both the quintessence and phantom regimes.
Chronic Endothelial Dysfunction after COVID-19 Infection Shown by Transcranial Color-Coded Doppler: A Cross-Sectional Study

In addition to respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 often causes damage to many other organs, especially in severe forms of the disease. Long-term consequences after COVID-19 are common and often have neurological symptoms. Cerebral vasoreactivity may be impaired after acute COVID-19 and in our study, we wanted to show how constant and reversible are the changes in brain vasoreactivity after infection. This cross-sectional observational study included 49 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and mild neurological symptoms 300 days after the onset of the disease. We used a transcranial color-coded Doppler (TCCD) and a breath-holding test (BHT) to examine cerebral vasoreactivity and brain endothelial function. We analyzed the parameters of the flow rate through the middle cerebral artery (MCA): peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), mean velocity (MV), resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI), and we calculated the breath-holding index (BHI). Subjects after COVID-19 infection had lower measured velocity parameters through MCA at rest period and after BHT, lower relative increases of flow velocities after BHT, and lower BHI. We showed that subjects, 300 days after COVID-19, still have impaired cerebral vasoreactivity measured by TCCD and they have chronic endothelial dysfunction.
Electrical transport properties in Ge hyperdoped with Te

In this work we have successfully hyperdoped germanium with tellurium with a concentration peak of 1021 cm−3. The resulting hyperdoped layers show good crystallinity and sub-bandgap absorption at room temperature which makes the material a good candidate for a new era of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible short-wavelength-infrared photodetectors. We obtained absorption coefficients α higher than 4.1×103 cm−1 at least up to 3 µm. In this study we report the temperature-dependency electrical properties of the hyperdoped layer measured in van der Pauw configuration. The electrical behaviour of this hyperdoped material can be explained with an electrical bilayer coupling/decoupling model and the values for the isolated hyperdoped layer are a resistivity of 4.25×10−3Ω⋅ cm with an electron-mobility around −100 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Spectropolarimetric monitoring of active galaxy 3C 390.3 with 6-m telescope SAO RAS in the period 2009-2014

Here we present the spectropolarimetric observations of the radio loud active galaxy 3C 390.3 in the period 2009-2014 (24 epochs). The galaxy has been observed with the 6-meter telescope of SAO RAS using the SCORPIO spectropolarimeter. We explore the variability and lags in the polarized light of the continuum and broad H$\alpha$ line. We give the Stokes parameters $Q, U$, degree of linear polarization $P$ and the position angle of the polarization plane, $\varphi$, for 24 epochs. We find a small lag~(10-40 days) between the unpolarized and polarized continuum that is significantly smaller than the estimated lags for the unpolarized broad emission lines (lag(H$\alpha$)$\sim$138-186 and lag(H$\beta$)$\sim$60-79 days). This shows that the region of the variable polarized continuum is significantly smaller than the broad line region, indicating that a part of the polarized continuum is coming from the jet. The lag of the polarized light in the H$\alpha$ line (89-156 days) indicates an additional component to the disc one that has an outflowing velocity of $\sim$-1200 km s$^{-1}$. This region seems to depolarize the polarized broad H$\alpha$ line emitted from the disc and scattered in the inner part of the torus.
Herschel far-IR counterparts of SDSS galaxies: analysis of commonly used star formation rate estimates

We study a hundred of galaxies from the spectroscopic Sloan Digital Sky Survey with individual detections in the Far-Infrared Herschel PACS bands (100 or 160 $\mu$m) and in the GALEX Far-UltraViolet band up to z$\sim$0.4 in the COSMOS and Lockman Hole fields. The galaxies are divided into 4 spectral and 4 morphological types. For the star forming and unclassifiable galaxies we calculate dust extinctions from the UV slope, the H$\alpha$/H$\beta$ ratio and the $L_{\rm IR}/L_{\rm UV}$ ratio. There is a tight correlation between the dust extinction and both $L_{\rm IR}$ and metallicity. We calculate SFR$_{total}$ and compare it with other SFR estimates (H$\alpha$, UV, SDSS) finding a very good agreement between them with smaller dispersions than typical SFR uncertainties. We study the effect of mass and metallicity, finding that it is only significant at high masses for SFR$_{H\alpha}$. For the AGN and composite galaxies we find a tight correlation between SFR and L$_{IR}$ ($\sigma\sim$0.29), while the dispersion in the SFR - L$_{UV}$ relation is larger ($\sigma\sim$0.57). The galaxies follow the prescriptions of the Fundamental Plane in the M-Z-SFR space.
On the Equivalence between Quadrature Rules and Random Features

We show that kernel-based quadrature rules for computing integrals are a special case of random feature expansions for positive definite kernels for a particular decomposition that always exists for such kernels. We provide a theoretical analysis of the number of required samples for a given approximation error, leading to both upper and lower bounds that are based solely on the eigenvalues of the associated integral operator and match up to logarithmic terms. In particular, we show that the upper bound may be obtained from independent and identically distributed samples from a known nonuniform distribution, while the lower bound if valid for any set of points. Applying our results to kernel-based quadrature, while our results are fairly general, we recover known upper and lower bounds for the special cases of Sobolev spaces. Moreover, our results extend to the more general problem of full function approximations (beyond simply computing an integral), with results in L2- and L1-norm that match known results for special cases. Applying our results to random features, we show an improvement of the number of random features needed to preserve the generalization guarantees for learning with Lipshitz-continuous losses.
Non‐certainty equivalent adaptive control for lower triangular systems based on dynamic scaling and filter

A new adaptive controller is designed on the basis of dynamic scaling and filter for lower triangular systems. Compared with the available adaptive results in the literature, the proposed adaptive approach does not necessarily need to satisfy the certainty equivalence principle and allows for prescribed dynamics to be assigned to the parameter estimation error. The proposed adaptive state feedback controller that ensures all signals of closed‐loop systems are globally bounded while keeping the output tracking error to the origin simultaneously. It is interesting to note that, viewed from a Lyapunov perspective, the proposed method provides a procedure to add cross terms between the parameter estimates and the system states in every design step. Finally, two comparatively simulation examples are given, highlighting the advantages of the proposed methodology. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
META-ANALISIS PENELITIAN TENTANG PROBLEM BASED LEARNING PADA TAHUN 2013-2018

Abstrak The Reaserch aim: (1) To measure the effect of Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning on physics learning based on education level. (2) To measure the influence of Problem Based Learning (PBL) on physics learning by region. (3) To measure the effect of Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning on physics learning based on the dependent variable. This Research method is a quantitative descriptive method. The effect of studies that apply PBL learning is analyzed using meta-analysis techniques. By the stated rescuers objectives, the subjects in this research were obtained from a review of 10(ten) research reports. the research findings reveal that overall the studies carried out are influential an effective on the physics learning outcomes of students with an effect size of 2,064 or in the high category. The PBL model also provides influence and is effective in term of are, level of education and application of learning to improve problem-solving skills, mastery of concepts, learning outcomes, misconceptions, and high order thinking skills. This reseals concludes that the Problem Based Learning is effective for improving problem-solving skills, mastery of concepts, learning outcomes, misconceptions, and high order thinking skills.
High-Temperature Deep Ultraviolet Photodetector Based on a Crystalline Ga₂O₃-Diamond Heterostructure

We report the fabrication of a crystalline <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 epilayer on a diamond substrate as deep ultraviolet photodetectors for high-temperature operation. Despite their large lattice mismatch, we achieve high quality growth of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3 films on diamond that exhibit a single out-of-plane orientation. A metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector is fabricated based on the crystalline <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3/diamond heterostructure, which exhibits a high photo-to-dark current ratio of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${3.67}\times {10}^{{6}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> under 254 nm light illumination at the bias of 20 V, a UV/visible rejection ratio of 259, and fast rise (decay) time of 0.323 (0.171) s at room temperature. Furthermore, thanks to the high crystalline film quality, the device responsivity decreases by only 2/3, and the rise (decay) time is 0.325 (0.539) s when the photodetector is operated up to a high temperature of 473 K. This study explores an effective heterostructure design for the application of deep ultraviolet photodetectors at high temperatures.
Electrochemical Sensor Based on Ni-Co Layered Double Hydroxide Hollow Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive Detection of Sumatriptan and Naproxen

In this work, Ni-Co layered double hydroxide (Ni–Co LDH) hollow nanostructures were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. A screen-printed electrode (SPE) surface was modified with as-fabricated Ni–Co LDHs to achieve a new sensing platform for determination of sumatriptan. The electrochemical behavior of the Ni–Co LDH-modified SPE (Ni-CO LDH/SPE) for sumatriptan determination was investigated using voltammetric methods. Compared with bare SPE, the presence of Ni-Co LDH was effective in the enhancement of electron transport rate between the electrode and analyte, as well as in the significant reduction of the overpotential of sumatriptan oxidation. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was applied to perform a quantitative analysis of sumatriptan. The linearity range was found to be between 0.01 and 435.0 μM. The limits of detection (LOD) and sensitivity were 0.002 ± 0.0001 μM and 0.1017 ± 0.0001 μA/μM, respectively. In addition, the performance of the Ni-CO LDH/SPE for the determination of sumatriptan in the presence of naproxen was studied. Simultaneous analysis of sumatriptan with naproxen showed well-separated peaks leading to a quick and selective analysis of sumatriptan. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the prepared Ni-CO LDH/SPE sensor was examined in pharmaceutical and biological samples with satisfactory recovery results.
Conflict and Livelihood Changes in the South West Region of Cameroon: A Social Capital Perspective

The relevance of acceptable livelihoods for the socioeconomic wellbeing and human survival cannot be overemphasized especially within a socio-political context. This study attempts to understand the livelihood changes that have taken place between 2015 and 2020 for displaced and resident households within the communities in Manyu from a social capital perspective. Despite being replete with conflicts in the past, the recent uptick of socio-political crisis in Cameroon’s two English speaking regions have led to several deaths, displacement of persons and livelihoods are affected. For a long duration of the crisis (6 years), very little attempt has been made to understand how the crisis is changing the livelihood dynamics of different actors in the affected areas of Manyu Division. As an exploratory study, we employ purposive sampling and simple random sampling to respectively select the two divisions and study communities. Quantitative data was collected using a survey questionnaire and interview guide while for qualitative data, an observation guide, participant observation and key informant interviews were considered. The study reveals that the existing social order of communities is replaced by a new form of chaotic dictatorial and coercive structure without respect for human dignity but self-interest. Also, a common meal can pacify tensions during conflicts by building trust, solidarity and netness for conciliation and social harmony. Greater strides be made between contending faction to resolve the conflict so displaced persons and households could return to normal life.
Dissipatively driven entanglement of two macroscopic atomic ensembles

Up to date, the life time of experimentally demonstrated entangled states has been limited, due to their fragility under decoherence and dissipation. Therefore, they are created under strict isolation conditions. In contrast, new approaches harness the coupling of the system to the environment, which drives the system into the desired state. Following these ideas, we present a robust method for generating steady state entanglement between two distant atomic ensembles. The proposed scheme relies on the interaction of the two atomic systems with the common vacuum modes of the electromagnetic field which act as an engineered environment. We develop the theoretical framework for two level systems including dipole-dipole interactions and complement these results by considering the implementation in multi-level ground states.