Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperatura no perfil do solo utilizando duas densidades de cobertura e solo nu - DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v27i1.2127

The soil temperature is related with the processes of soil-plant interaction, particularly seed germination, development and activity of the roots absorbing water and nutritious from the soil, microorganisms activity, gases and solute diffusion, disease development, chemical reactions speed in the soil. Due to the importance of soil temperature for the vegetables, this study aimed at verifying the temperature in soil profile at different depths in nude soil and with two mulching densities. The experiment was carried out in the Estacao Experimental Agrometeorologica (Agrometeorological Experimental Station) of Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana – Campus of Cascavel. Thermopares type (K) were installed in soil profile, at depths of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 40 cm, connected to a data acquisition equipment, programmed to effectuate one reading per second and to store arithmetic averages every five minutes, under two black oat mulching densities (4,000 and 8,000 kg.ha -1 ). Results showed that the larger the mulching density of the soil, the lesser is its profile temperature variation. Soil temperature at 40-cm depth is practically stable during all day and night, for both mulching densities of the soil and for nude soil.
The Strategies of Natural Polysaccharide in Wound Healing

Severe or chronic wounds related to diseases or serious incidents have received big atten - tion from not only a scientific standpoint but also a business perspective. Therefore, an effective treatment to abridge the long-term hospitalization of severe wound becomes indispensable. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG), one of the extracellular matrix molecules produced by fibroblasts, participates in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, in cell pro - liferation and migration, and in cytokine and growth factor signaling associated with all phases of wound recovery. Natural polysaccharide, for example, calcium alginate, which consists of mainly differing ratios of d -mannuronic and l -guluronic acid and rich of calcium ions, has been demonstrated to functionalize the glycosaminoglycan activity during wound healing. Once the trigger of the underlying wound healing mechanisms was understood, it should be possible to find ways to enhance and resolve the wound healing process in the patient with conditions and may lead to the potential for treatment alternatives in the future clinical field.
Public Research, Local Knowledge Transfer, and Regional Development: Insights from a Structural VAR Model

This article estimates the regional economic effects of public research activities. In order to identify the underlying transmission channels from knowledge creation to the regional environment, the empirical identification strategy goes beyond traditional partial effects analyses and studies the complex linkages between public research, innovativeness, and regional development on the basis of a structural vector autoregressive model. A particular focus is thereby set on assessing whether the effects of local public research activity differ by the type of research actors (universities, technical colleges, and public research institutes). The empirical results indicate that an increase in the volume of (public) third-party funding to technical colleges is associated with a rise in the regional investment and employment rate as well as the human capital stock. Increasing public third-party funding to both universities and technical colleges positively affects the regional patent activity, the employment rate, and per workforce output. In comparison, the empirical results provide limited evidence for regional economic effects stemming from an increase in local knowledge creation measured in terms of scientific publications. Here, only variations in the publication rate of public research institutes can be linked to positive private sector investment and employment effects.
Tundra plants and climate change: the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX)

The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) was established in late 1990 at a meeting of arctic tundra ecologists as a response to predictions that the human‐enhanced greenhouse warming would occur earliest and most intensely at high latitudes. The initial objective of ITEX was to monitor phenology, growth and reproduction in major circumpolar vascular plant species in response to climate variations and environmental manipulations at sites throughout the tundra biome. The manipulations involve passive warming of tundra plots in open‐top chambers (OTCs), and manipulating snow depth to alter growing season length. Standard protocols were developed for measurements, experimental design and statistical analyses, and published in an ITEX Manual. The standard methods ensure comparable data are collected at all sites. This special issue of Global Change Biology is based on papers developed from the 6th ITEX Workshop, held at the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, 7–11 April 1995. The papers compare short‐term responses (1–3 years) of common species to climate variations and manipulations at ITEX sites. The OTCs increase mean near‐surface temperatures by 1–3°C during the growing season, simulating predictions from global circulation models. All species investigated responded to the temperature increase, especially in phenology and reproductive variables. However, these short‐term responses were individualistic, and no general pattern in type or magnitude of response was noted for functional types or phenology class. Responses were generally similar among sites, although the magnitude of response tended to be greater in high Arctic sites. Early snowmelt increased carbon:nutrient ratios in plants. Sustained growth and reproductive responses to warming will depend on nutrient supply, and increased carbon:nutrient ratios in litter could buffer nutrient cycling, and hence plant growth. Ongoing, long‐term research at ITEX sites, linked to other global change initiatives, will help elucidate probable effects of climate change at the ecosystems level in arctic and alpine tundra.
Phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics in a tidally dominated eutrophic estuary: daily variability and controls on bloom formation

To better understand nutrient dynamics and factors that promote the initiation of algal blooms, the Lafayette River, a tidal subestuary of Chesapeake Bay that experiences seasonal algal blooms, was sampled daily for a period of 54 d in the fall of 2005. Three phytoplankton blooms (chl a concentrations exceeding twice the average of monthly measurements from 2000 to 2009) occurred during this period: a mixed bloom of Akashiwo sanguinea and Gymnodinium sp. , a mono specific Skeletonema costatum bloom, and a monospecific Gymnodinium sp. bloom. Over the sampling period, nutrient concentrations increased following precipitation events and were elevated between bloom periods but low during blooms. All measured forms of nitrogen (N) were positively correlated with dinoflagellate abundance with a lag time of 3 to 5 d, suggesting a pos- sible triggering effect, although not by any single form of N. Concentrations of NO2 � reached 10 µM between September and October, indicative of incomplete nitrification. Over a 24 h period, nutrient concentrations and chl a biomass varied by an order of magnitude (0.1 to 1 µM N and 4.5 to 45 µg chl a l �1 , respectively) and were strongly linked to the tidal phase. In the highly eutrophic
Intangibles and innovation-labor-biased technical change

PurposeThis paper analyzes the productivity effects of structural capital such as research and development (R&D) and organizational capital (OC). Innovation work also produces innovation-labor-biased technical change (IBTC) and knowledge spillovers. Analyses use full register-based dataset of Finnish firms for the period 1994–2014 from Statistics Finland.Design/methodology/approachIntangibles are derived from the labor costs of innovation-type occupations using linked employer-employee data. The approach is consistent with National Accounting and offered as one method in OECD (2010) and applied in statistical offices, e.g. in measuring software. The EU 7th framework Innodrive project 2008–2011 extended this method to cover R&D and OC.FindingsMethodology is implementable at firm-level and offers way to link personnel reporting to intangible assets. The OC-IBTC as well as total resources allocated to OC are relevant for productivity growth. The R&D stock is relatively higher but R&D-IBTC is smaller than OC-IBTC. Public policy should, besides technology policy, account for OC and OC-IBTC and related knowledge spillovers in the industries that are most important among the SMEs (low market-share-firms). Research limitations/implicationsThe data are based on remote access to Statistics Finland; the data cannot be disseminated.Originality/valueIntangible assets are measured from innovation work that encompasses not only R&D work. IBTC is proxied in production function estimation by relative compensations on IA work. The non-competing nature of IAs is captured by IA knowledge spillovers. The sample sizes are much higher than in earlier studies on horizontal knowledge spillovers (such as for SMEs,) thus bringing additional generality to the results.
Texture analysis of automatic graph cuts segmentations for detection of lung cancer recurrence after stereotactic radiotherapy

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is a treatment for early-stage lung cancer with local control rates comparable to surgery. After SABR, benign radiation induced lung injury (RILI) results in tumour-mimicking changes on computed tomography (CT) imaging. Distinguishing recurrence from RILI is a critical clinical decision determining the need for potentially life-saving salvage therapies whose high risks in this population dictate their use only for true recurrences. Current approaches do not reliably detect recurrence within a year post-SABR. We measured the detection accuracy of texture features within automatically determined regions of interest, with the only operator input being the single line segment measuring tumour diameter, normally taken during the clinical workflow. Our leave-one-out cross validation on images taken 2–5 months post-SABR showed robustness of the entropy measure, with classification error of 26% and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.77 using automatic segmentation; the results using manual segmentation were 24% and 0.75, respectively. AUCs for this feature increased to 0.82 and 0.93 at 8–14 months and 14–20 months post SABR, respectively, suggesting even better performance nearer to the date of clinical diagnosis of recurrence; thus this system could also be used to support and reinforce the physician’s decision at that time. Based on our ongoing validation of this automatic approach on a larger sample, we aim to develop a computer-aided diagnosis system which will support the physician’s decision to apply timely salvage therapies and prevent patients with RILI from undergoing invasive and risky procedures.
Predictors of Hepatitis C Treatment Failure After Using Direct-Acting Antivirals in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background Little is known about the influence of ongoing barriers to care in the persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia after treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of PLWH treated through the standard of care in 3 Western countries, to investigate the predictors of HCV treatment failure (clinical or virologic), defined as having a detectable serum HCV ribonucleic acid within 12 weeks after DAA discontinuation. In addition to HCV and liver-related predictors, we collected data on ongoing illicit drug use, alcohol abuse, mental illness, and unstable housing. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of HCV treatment failure. Results Between January 2014 and December 2017, 784 PLWH were treated with DAA, 7% (n = 55) of whom failed HCV therapy: 50.9% (n = 28) had a clinical failure (discontinued DAA therapy prematurely, died, or were lost to follow-up), 47.3% (n = 26) had an HCV virologic failure, and 1 (1.8%) was reinfected with HCV. Ongoing drug use (odds ratio [OR] = 2.60) and mental illness (OR = 2.85) were independent predictors of any HCV treatment failure. Having both present explained 20% of the risk of any HCV treatment failure due to their interaction (OR = 7.47; P < .0001). Predictors of HCV virologic failure were ongoing illicit drug use (OR = 2.75) and advanced liver fibrosis (OR = 2.29). Conclusions People living with human immunodeficiency virus with ongoing illicit drug use, mental illness, and advanced liver fibrosis might benefit from enhanced DAA treatment strategies to reduce the risk of HCV treatment failure.
Breast self-examination among nurses in Poland and their reparation in this regard.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Working at night and in shifts, as well as an unhealthy lifestyle, may increase the risk of breast cancer in nurses who therefore should frequently perform breast self-examination (BSE). The aim of the study was to investigate the performance of BSE among Polish nurses, its accuracy, sources of knowledge and skills, self-assessment of own competences and preparation to educate women about BSE. MATERIAL AND METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a group of female nurses (N=1,242). An anonymous, self-administrated questionnaire was used for data collection. To properly assess the BSE a four-item scale was made of the type single best answer multiple choice question. Each item referred to one agreed principle of performing BSE. RESULTS Regularly BSE was performed by 56.1% nurses, 67.3% pre-menopause nurses 2-3 days after cessation of menstruation and 30.4% post-menopause women on a chosen day of the month. About 98% examined visually and by palpation; 58.9% did so in two positions. In the accuracy scale of BSE, the average number of points was 2.8 out of 4. All (4 points) or almost all (3 points) recommendations of accurate BSE were met by 61.4% of the nurses. Self-assessment of knowledge and BSE practical skills were considered as good or very good by 93.5% and 88.8% nurses, respectively. The self-evaluation of nurses' knowledge and BSE skills was significantly correlated with the result on the accuracy scale or this BSE. CONCLUSIONS Many deficiencies concerning frequency, times and BSE techniques were revealed among Polish nurses. There is a discrepancy between the high self-assessment of competences and the accurate practice of BSE. Nurses' preparation in Poland in BSE is insufficient and requires improvement.
Mapping spatial variation in demersal fish species diversity and composition in the North Sea: accounting for species- and size-related catchability in survey trawls

The paper maps spatial patterns of groundfish species diversity. It considers how the catchability of different fish species in two different types of bottom trawls, the IBTS GOV and the 8-m beam trawl, influences the estimates of species diversity. Maps of groundfish species diversity derived from these two survey trawls are compared to determine the extent to which the maps of spatial variation in groundfish species diversity are influenced by gear type. Catchability-at-length coefficients were applied to the IBTS data to raise the observed catches to estimates of "actual" numbers of fish present in the path of the trawl, which are then used to produce maps of "actual" species diversity across the North Sea. Finally, these raised maps of "actual" groundfish species diversity are shown to be more explainable based on physical environmental parameters such as depth. We suggest that species diversity maps that take account of catchability provide more reliable information on which to base management decisions than "gear-biased" views. The implications for management are discussed, with particular emphasis on using closed areas to conserve marine biodiversity
Mobile target localization based on iterative tracing for underwater wireless sensor networks

In underwater wireless sensor networks, sensor position information has important value in network protocols and collaborative detection. However, many challenges were introduced in positioning sensor nodes due to the complexity of the underwater environment. Aiming at the problem of the stratification effect of underwater acoustic waves, the long propagation delay of messages, as well as the mobility of sensor nodes, a mobile target localization scheme for underwater wireless sensor network is proposed based on iterative tracing. Four modules are established in the mobile target localization based on iterative tracing: the data collection and rough position estimation, the estimation and compensation of propagation delay, the node localization, and the iteration. The deviation of distance estimation due to the assumption that acoustic waves propagate along straight lines in an underwater environment is compensated by the mobile target localization based on iterative tracing, and weighted least squares estimation method is used to perform linear regression. Moreover, an interacting multiple model algorithm is put forward to reduce the positioning error caused by the mobility of sensor nodes, and the two services of node time synchronization and localization assist each other during the iteration to improve the accuracy of both parties. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve higher localization accuracy than the similar schemes, and the positioning errors caused by the above three problems can be reduced effectively.
Effects of Isolated or Enriched Housing at Adolescence Upon Ethanol Intake and Anxiety Responses, In Rats Exposed to Prenatal Ethanol

Abstract Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is highly prevalent worldwide, and can affect alcohol intake and anxiety responses in the offspring. It is still relatively unknown how PAE interacts with stress exposure at adolescence, and there is a scarcity of treatments to reduce the impact of PAE. The present study assessed alcohol (ethanol) intake and anxiety responses after PAE and tested the modulation of these responses by different housing conditions during early adolescence. Pregnant dams were exposed for 22 hours/day, from gestational day 0, throughout pregnancy, and until postnatal day 7 (PD 7), to a single bottle of 10% ethanol that was mixed in tap water and sucralose (EtOH Group), or to a single bottle of tap water and sucralose (CTRL Group). During PDs 21-42 the offspring was exposed to standard pair housing, isolated housing or enriched housing. Immediately after, they were pair-housed and tested for ethanol intake in 24-hour access, intermittent 2-bottle choice sessions conducted over 4 weeks, and for anxiety responses in the light-dark box test. The EtOH offspring exhibited heightened anxiety (i.e., greater avoidance of the white area of the light-dark box) at PD21, when compared to control (CTRL) rats. Isolated housing induced greater avoidance of the white area, when compared to standard or enriched housing, on PDs 42 and 70. There were no significant EtOH versus CTRL differences in relative (i.e., percent preference vs. water) ethanol intake, yet overall fluid intake and absolute (g/kg) ethanol intake were significantly lower in EtOH versus CTRL rats. Enriched housing during adolescence had a suppressing effect upon absolute ethanol intake during the first week of testing, an effect more noticeable in CTRL than in PAE rats. The present study indicates that PAE or isolated housing is associated with an anxiety-like phenotype. The protracted PAE protocol here employed caused a generalized reduction of intake behaviours. Environmental enrichment was associated with a subtle, yet significant, reduction in absolute ethanol intake.
The Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitudes, Depression and Anxiety Levels among Emergency Physicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has put enormous physical and psychological pressure on emergency physicians. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the levels of anxiety, depression, and related factors in this group during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: After obtaining ethics committee approval, we gathered the data for this descriptive study using an online questionnaire from March 14–20, 2020, from 290 emergency physicians in health care settings in Turkey. Results: The 290 emergency physicians who participated in the study had a high level of knowledge about COVID-19. According to their Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) scores, depression was detected in 108 participants (62%) while anxiety was detected in 103 participants (35.5%), with the median depression and anxiety scores found to be 8 (0–21) and 7 (0–21), respectively. As to the requirement of a 14-day quarantine for an emergency physician performing an intubation, a statistically significant difference was found among job titles (p = 0.039). Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of recognizing psychological trauma caused by providing care during the COVID-19 pandemic and the necessity of providing psychological support for the protection of emergency physicians’ mental health.
Dialectical Investigations

Bertell Ollman’s work has an interesting place within the recent literature on Marxist theory. Twenty years ago in his first book, Alienation, he defended Hegelian and Marxian dialectics at some length, yet did so through the doctrine of internal relations, a concept developed early in this century by British neoidealists such as Bradley, and then taken over (usually as a foil) by the analytic tradition. Another aspect of Ollman’s Alienation also seemed burdened with the legacy of empiricism, his strenuous effort there to overcome what he termed ‘the difficulties of Marx’s language’. In Alienation, Ollman relies on Engels (and even Dietzgen) to clear up some of these difficulties. Over the past decade, however, Ollman has moved further away from the analytic tradition, continuing, deepening, and sometimes revising his earlier work on dialectics. Dialectical Investigations is what its title suggests, more a work-in progress than a finished treatise on the dialectic. Earlier versions of a number of the chapters appeared as articles over the past decade. Some important changes of perspective are clearly in evidence. For example, in the introduction, Ollman now tells us that Engels ‘simplifies some aspects of dialectics but at the cost of overschematising and rigidifying the processes that Marx had used with exemplary flexibility’ (p.2). ‘Internal relation’ is no longer quite so central a category as in Alienation. Nonetheless, Ollman still can define the doctrine of internal relations thus: