Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER OF RIVER GANGA IN HARIDWAR DISTRICT

The present study deals with the study of physico-chemical parameters of Ganga river water in Haridwar (Uttarakhand). Systematic calculation of correlation coefficient between water quality parameters has been done with the objective of minimizing the complexity and dimensionality of large set of data. The significant correlation has been further verified by using t-test.The water samples were collected and analysed for two consecutive years 2007 and 2008 from five sampling stations during three seasons( winter, summer and rainy). In the present study, an appreciable significant positive correlation was found for Free CO2 with Cl - , TDSD, TSSD; turbidity with Cl ,Ec, TSSD; Cl with Ec, Free CO2, TSSD ;Ec with Cl , TDSD, TSSD. A significant negative correlation was found for DO with Free CO2, COD, turbidity. Cl - , Ec, TDSD and TSSD.
Accounting Ratio-Based Predictions: An Analysis of the Relationship between Indicators of Financial Health and Those of Accounting Manipulation

Against a backdrop of global accounting harmonization, financial information is required to be useful and trustworthy for investors and other users. This study contributes to establishing whether there is a relationship between the Z-score model for predicting financial distress and the Z Vladu model for predicting earnings manipulation. Both models discriminate between companies using financial statement ratios. Extracting data from the Sistema de Analisis de Balances Ibericos (Iberian Accounts Analysis System, or SABI) database for medium-sized and large Spanish companies for the period 2005 to 2015, both summary indicators have been calculated and descriptive and bivariate analyses have been performed. The results show that there is a relationship between both indicators, albeit a weak one.
Social work environment and premature departure form the nursing profession. A cross-cultural comparison on the impact of supervisory and close colleagues¿ support upon job satisfaction, and intent to leave

This study examined the importance of nurses’ social work environment in the light of prevention of premature leave of the nursing profession. A mediaton model with social support as predictor, and with job satisfaction as a mediator, and intent to leave as the dependent has been tested. Data were obtained from 22.866 registered nurses working in hospitals, nursing homes, and home care institutions throughout Europe. Our outcomes indicate that a lack of social support might indeed be interpreted to be an important risk factor in the light of nurses’ turnover. The outcomes of testing the mediation model indicate that both social support from immediate supervisors and social support from close colleagues are positively associated with higher job satisfaction, and consequently, with lower nurses’ intent to leave. The pattern of relationships that has been found is highly similar for all participating countries.
Mantle control of the geodynamo: Consequences of top‐down regulation

The mantle global circulation, including deep subduction and lower mantle superplumes, exerts first‐order controls on the evolution of the core, the history of the geodynamo, and the structure of the geomagnetic field. Mantle global circulation models that include realistic plate motions, deep subduction, and compositional heterogeneity similar to the observed large low seismic velocity provinces in the lower mantle predict that the present‐day global average heat flux at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB) exceeds 85 mW m−2. This is sufficient to drive the present‐day geodynamo by thermochemical convection and implies a very young inner core, with inner core nucleation between 400 and 1100 Ma. The mantle global circulation also generates spatially heterogeneous heat flux at the CMB, with peak‐to‐peak lateral variations exceeding 100 mW m−2. Such extreme lateral variability in CMB heat flux, in conjunction with the high thermal conductivity of the core, implies that the liquid outer core is thermally unstable beneath the high seismic velocity regions in the lower mantle but thermally stable beneath the large low seismic velocity provinces. Numerical dynamo simulations show how this pattern of heterogeneous boundary heat flux affects flow in the outer core, producing localized circulation patterns beneath the CMB tied to the mantle heterogeneity and long‐lived deviations from axial symmetry in the geomagnetic field.
Petrogenesis of the 1·43 Ga Sherman Batholith, SE Wyoming, USA: a Reduced, Rapakivi-type Anorogenic Granite

The 1·43 Ga Sherman batholith, southeastern Wyoming, USA, origin that are found throughout the Proterozoic ‘anorogenic’ granite provinces of the southwestern USA, Adirshows extreme A-type petrochemical characteristics compared with other Mid-Proterozoic granite batholiths of North America. It ondacks, eastern Canada, southern Greenland and the Fennoscandian Shield (Anderson, 1983). Phanerozoic consists of: (1) the Sherman granite, a coarse-grained biotite hornblende granite that locally contains fayalite and pyroxenes; (2) examples include Paleozoic granites of southeastern Australia (Collins et al., 1982) and of Corsica (Poitrasson et the Lincoln granite, a medium-grained biotite granite; (3) a porphyritic biotite hornblende granite that probably formed by interaction al., 1995), and the Mesozoic Nigerian Younger granites ( Jacobsen et al., 1958) and the White Mountain Magma of granitic and mafic magmas; and (4) iron-enriched mafic dikes and pods. The ilmenite-series, metaluminous Sherman granite Series (Foland & Allen, 1991). ‘Anorogenic granite’ refers to plutons that are not associated with compressional exhibits extreme values of FeO/(FeO + MgO) and is rich in structures, and that were emplaced long after any known K, REE, Nb and Y. It crystallized at temperatures exceeding orogenic event. Anorogenic, or ‘A-type’ granites (Loiselle 900°C and a pressure of ~2·5 kbar, with water activity of 0·7 & Wones, 1979) are characterized by low H2O and O2 and Dlog fO2 of –0·1 to –0·5. The Lincoln granite, which is fugacities along with high FeO/(FeO + MgO), K2O/ peraluminous and has less extreme A-type geochemical characteristics, Na2O and K2O contents. A-type granites typically are rich crystallized at temperatures as low as 750°C and Dlog fO2 of in incompatible elements, including rare earth elements around 0·5 units above FMQ (fayalite–magnetite–quartz). The (REE), Zr, Nb and Ta, but poor in Co, Sc, Cr, Ni, Ba, rocks of the Sherman batholith are chemically equivalent to lavas Sr, and Eu. Minimum magma liquidus temperatures are from the Yellowstone hotspot. Like the Yellowstone magmas, the 900–1000°C (Clemens et al., 1986; Creaser & White, Sherman batholith probably originated by partial melting of under1991). Some workers suggest these rocks are derived plated, mantle-derived mafic rocks. from melting of tonalitic or more felsic crust (Anderson & Cullers, 1978; Collins et al., 1982; Clemens et al., 1986; Creaser et al., 1991), whereas others relate the granites
The role of rock fragments in crack and soil structure development: a laboratory experiment with a Vertisol

A large number of factors that influence soil surface cracking behaviour in swell‐shrink soils have been studied, but there are few studies on the influence of rock fragments on crack development. Effects of rock fragments have been investigated with reference to the soil pore system but they have mainly been studied indirectly through measurements of water flow and/or bulk density changes. A laboratory experiment was carried out with repacked soil samples that were prepared by adding rock fragments of three different sizes (2–4, 4–8 and 12–16 mm) to a Vertisol at two different rates (10 and 25% by volume). Soil image analysis procedures were applied in order to describe quantitatively the network of surface cracks and the pore system to a depth of 8 cm below the surface, which developed after wetting‐drying cycles. Mean values and standard deviations of surface crack or pore widths decreased with the increase in rock fragment content and the decrease in rock fragment size, while the density of the ‘skeleton’ of the crack and pore networks increased. Rock fragments also induced vertical homogenization of the soil structure. The number of rock fragments was a key factor in determining some crack network characteristics, inducing inverse variations in mean width and skeleton density of the crack or pore network. Overall results suggested that rock fragments acted as triggering points for crack and pore development in Vertisols. The findings of this work provide a contribution to the understanding of the mechanisms of crack network and soil structure development that are induced by stones in swell‐shrink soils.
Borings in early Eocene turtle shell from the Wasatch Formation, South Pass, Wyoming

Abstract. Borings in fossil turtle shells collected from the lowermost beds of the early Eocene Cathedral Bluffs Tongue of the Wasatch Formation in the northwestern part of the Green River Basin near South Pass, Wyoming, are herein described. Individual turtle shells in the study area are characterized by as few as one or two and as many as >100 borings. The borings include both non-penetrative forms (those which do not pass fully though the shell) as well as penetrative forms (those which pass fully from the exterior to the interior surface of the shell). All non-penetrative forms occur on external surfaces of the carapace and plastron (i.e. those that would have been accessible while the host taxon was alive). Two new ichnogenera and four new ichnospecies are established to describe these borings. Karethraichnus (new ichnogenus) includes three ichnospecies: K. lakkos (new ichnospecies), K. kulindros (new ichnospecies), and K. fiale (new ichnospecies). Karethraichnus lakkos are shallow (non-penetrating), hemispherical pits with rounded, to flattened bases. Karethraichnus kulindros are deep, non-penetrative traces with a cylindrical profile, an axis approximately perpendicular to the substrate surface and with rounded to flattened, hemispherical termini. Karethraichnus fiale are penetrative traces with a cylindrical to bi-convex or flask-shaped profile, and an axis approximately perpendicular to the substrate surface. Thatchtelithichnus (new ichnogenus) Thatchtelithichnus holmani (new ichnospecies) consist of non-penetrative borings into a bone substrate. They consist of a ring-shaped trace, with a central pedestal or platform. The position of the borings on the shells, and evidence of syn-emplacement healing of the borings in several of the turtles, indicates that these borings were emplacement by ectoparasites/mesoparasites while the animals were living. Similar traces in modern emydid turtles are attributed to ticks, leeches, or spirorchid liver flukes.
Nutrient availability in soils as affected by physiography in Chittorgarh district, Rajasthan.

Variation in soil properties from place to place arise from differences in parent material, climate, topography, biosphere and the age of ground surface. Even if the parent material does not vary, the variation in physiography in a given area significantly affects the soil properties and, in turn, nutrient availability. The information regarding effect of physiography on nutrient availability is limited except that reported in Gagghar flood plain of Haryana (Singh and Ahuja 1990) and Rajasthan (Shyampura et at. 1.992). Therefore, an investigation was carried out to study the landform-nutrient availability relationship in Chittorgarh district, Rajasthan.
Transpression and transtension zones

Abstract Transpression and transtension are strike-slip deformations that deviate from simple shear because of a component of, respectively, shortening or extension orthogonal to the deformation zone. These three-dimensional non-coaxial strains develop principally in response to obliquely convergent or divergent relative motions across plate boundary and other crustal deformation zones at various scales. The basic constant-volume strain model with a vertical stretch can be modified to allow for volume change, lateral stretch, an oblique simple shear component, heterogeneous strain and steady-state transpression and transtension. The more sophisticated triclinic models may be more realistic but their mathematical complexity may limit their general application when interpreting geological examples. Most transpression zones generate flattening (k < 1) and transtension zones constrictional (k > 1) finite strains, although exceptions can occur in certain situations. Relative plate motion vectors, instantaneous strain (or stress) axes and finite strain axes are all oblique to one another in transpression and transtension zones. Kinematic partitioning of non-coaxial strike-slip and coaxial strains appears to be a characteristic feature of many such zones, especially where the far-field (plate) displacement direction is markedly oblique (<20°) to the plate or deformation zone boundary. Complex foliation, lineation and other structural patterns are also expected in such settings, resulting from switching or progressive rotation of finite strain axes. The variation in style and kinematic linkage of transpressional and transtensional structures at different crustal depths is poorly understood at present but may be of central importance to understanding the relationship between deformation in the lithospheric mantle and crust. Existing analyses of obliquely convergent and divergent zones highlight the importance of kinematic boundary conditions and imply that stress may be of secondary importance in controlling the dynamics of deformation in the crust and lithosphere.
Nigerian local pigs

The breeding stocks included purebred Nigerian local pigs (NP) and the Large White (LW). These stocks were maintained routinely at the University Teaching and Research Farm, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, for teaching and research purposes. The animals were grouped into pens according to breed, sex and physiological status (pregnant, suckling, growers, finishers). Each pen was provided with feeder and water troughs. The husbandry system was intensive, but animals were occasionally allowed on pasture. The open pasture areas were also provided with water and feeder troughs, a wallow, and surrounded by trees to provide shade to the animals. Table 1 shows the mating scheme for the purebred, F1 and backcrosses.
The Role of Internet in Educational Activities of Graduate Students at Tehran University, College of Agriculture

The purpose of this study was to describe factors associated with agricultural graduate student use of the Internet in Iran and to identify factors related to Internet use by graduate students in the College of Agriculture at Tehran University, Iran. All students in the College who had completed at least two semesters of course work were included in the sample (N=150). Data were collected through mailed questionnaires. Overall, usage of the Internet by the students was low. On average students spent less than an hour a week on the Internet. Those students who used the Internet on a frequent basis were likely to access the Internet from their workplace while those who used the Internet on an infrequent basis were likely to access the Internet from the University. Job status and academic major were related to Internet usage.
Theoretical study of solid NaF and NaCl at high pressures and temperatures

The static and dynamical properties of NaF and NaCl at high pressures in both the B1 (NaCl) and B2 (CsCl) phases are studied theoretically with an improved electron gas model. The model incorporates the effect of crystal stabilization of the ionic charge densities by way of a Watson sphere-type potential. A series of such calculations as a function of sphere radius is performed to obtain the wave functions of the ions as a function of lattice constant and to obtain the volume dependence of the ion self energy. The latter is shown to make an important contribution to the equation of state. Elastic constants and phonons are calculated in the rigid ion quasi-harmonic approximation. From the effects of compression on the elastic constants and lattice dynamics, mechanical instabilities in both the B1 and B2 phases are identified. The quasi-harmonic frequencies are used to calculate the vibrational free energy and pressure contribution to the equation of state. The calculated (parameter-free) equations of state are found to be in good agreement with the available experimental data for both NaF and NaCl, including the pressure dependence of the thermal expansivity of the B1 phases and recent measurements of the room-temperature compression curves of the B2 phases. The B1–B2 phase transition is examined in detail, and comparisons with experimental and previous theoretical studies are discussed.
Personality and Prejudice: A Meta-Analysis and Theoretical Review

Despite a substantial literature examining personality, prejudice, and related constructs such as Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), there have been no systematic reviews in this area. The authors reviewed and meta-analyzed 71 studies (N = 22,068 participants) investigating relationships between Big Five dimensions of personality, RWA, SDO, and prejudice. RWA was predicted by low Openness to Experience but also Conscientiousness, whereas SDO was predicted by low Agreeableness and also weakly by low Openness to Experience. Consistent with a dual-process motivational model of ideology and prejudice, the effects of Agreeableness on prejudice were fully mediated by SDO, and those of Openness to Experience were largely mediated by RWA. Finally, the effects of Agreeableness and Openness to Experience were robust and consistent across samples, although subtle moderating factors were identified, including differences in personality inventory (NEO Personality Inventory—Revised vs. Big Five Inventory), differences across prejudice domain, and cross-cultural differences in Conscientiousness and Neuroticism. Implications for the study of personality and prejudice are discussed.
Why hematite is red: Correlation of optical absorption intensities and magnetic moments of Fe^(3+) minerals

Structures with Fe^(3+) shared through oxo- or hydroxyl-groups have antiferromagnetic interactions. Such interactions result in enhanced intensity of the Fe^(3+) optical absorption bands which in some systems can be as great as a factor of 100 compared to isolated, octahedrally coordinated Fe^(3+) ions. A comparison is presented between the intensity of the lowest energy crystal-field band of Fe^(3+) minerals and their magnetic moments which demonstrates the dependence of optical absorption intensity and antiferromagnetic interactions in the host phase. Hematite, which is usually responsible for the red color of geological materials, owes its intense color to these magnetic interactions.
Evaluation of out-patient care educational environment of National Defence University, Malaysia utilizing the ACLEEM Inventory

Purpose: A friendly educational environment is required for optimal learning, and students should be asked to provide feedback on their experiences to improve curriculum. Moreover, students’ academic progress, mental growth, and physical well-being are influenced by the educational and clinical environment of the institute. Essential constituents of the educational climate include atmosphere, number of proper teaching-learning sessions and available amenities. Primary health care and ambulatory settings allow students ample opportunities to interact with patients and observe health promotional activities more often practiced at the community levels. The study aims to evaluate the outpatient care educational environment of National Defense University of Malaysia by seeking feedback from medical students using Ambulatory Care Educational Environment Measure (ACLEEM) instrument. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The study participants were medical students of the earlier mentioned university. The universal sampling method was adopted. The ACLEEM validated instrument was utilized for the data collection. The instrument was developed on the basis of 5-point Likert Scale (Minimum: 0, and Maximum: 4). Results: The response rate 100%. Most respondents were male, Malay and Muslim. The total mean score was 1.0±0.4. The domain mean scores for clinical teaching, clinical training, and support were 0.8±0.4, 1.1±0.4, and 1.1±0.5, respectively. Conclusions: The ACLEEM questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable for local UPNM, Malaysian context. However, the overall ACLEEM scores reported for the present study is low, and some areas that could be improved. The UPNM authority should take appropriate measures to improve the educational environment to enhance the academic experiences of the medical students.
Hearing Screening Protocols of Babies with Hearing Loss Risk Factors in Turkey

Objectives: Undetected congenital hearing loss negatively affects the development of childʼs speech, language, social and cognitive skills. Children who are identified early as having hearing loss and receive intensive early intervention perform better. In our study the objective was to compare hearing screening protocols for infants who has risk factors for hearing loss. Materials and Methods: In this study, infants who have risk factors for hearing loss, hospitalized in Hacettepe University Newborn Intensive Care Unit, included regarding the criteria issued by Joint Committee on Infant Hearing Position Statement 2007. Control group was comprised infants born in Hacettepe University and not having those risk factors for hearing loss. A hundred infants in each group, totally 200 (400 ears) were screened by three different protocols. First protocol used Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission, second protocol used Automated Auditory Brainstem Response and the third protocol used two tools in combination. Tympanometric assessment was done by multi frequency tympanometry in each protocol. Results: Following the statistical comparison of protocols, it has been found that the 1st and 2nd protocols and also the 1st and 3rd protocols cannot be used in place of the other while the 2nd and 3rd protocols can be used in place of one another (p<0,05). Conclusion: It is more effective to use the 3rd protocol which consists of Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions, Automated Auditory Brainstem Response in combination and tympanometric measurements.
Ontogeny of brain and blood serotonin levels in 5‐HT1A receptor knockout mice: potential relevance to the neurobiology of autism

The most consistent neurochemical finding in autism has been elevated group mean levels of blood platelet 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT, serotonin). The origin and significance of this platelet hyperserotonemia remain poorly understood. The 5‐HT1A receptor plays important roles in the developing brain and is also expressed in the gut, the main source of platelet 5‐HT. Post‐natal tissue levels of 5‐HT, 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) and tryptophan were examined in the brain, duodenum and blood of 5‐HT1A receptor‐knockout and wild‐type mice. At 3 days after birth, the knockout mice had lower mean brain 5‐HT levels and normal mean platelet 5‐HT levels. Also, at 3 days after birth, the mean tryptophan levels in the brain, duodenum and blood of the knockout mice were around 30% lower than those of the wild‐type mice. By 2 weeks after birth, the mean brain 5‐HT levels of the knockout mice normalized, but their mean platelet 5‐HT levels became 24% higher than normal. The possible causes of these dynamic shifts were explored by examining correlations between central and peripheral levels of 5‐HT, 5‐HIAA and tryptophan. The results are discussed in relation to the possible role of 5‐HT in the ontogeny of autism.