Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Impaired MRSA‐Infected Fracture Healing by Combinatorial Antibiotics and Modulation of Sustained Inflammation

Fracture healing is impaired in the setting of infection, which begets protracted inflammation. The most problematic causative agent of musculoskeletal infection is methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We hypothesized that modulation of excessive inflammation combined with cell‐penetrating antibiotic treatments facilitates fracture healing in a murine MRSA‐infected femoral fracture model. Sterile and MRSA‐contaminated open transverse femoral osteotomies were induced in 10‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice and fixed via intramedullary nailing. In the initial therapeutic cohort, empty, vancomycin (V), rifampin (R), vancomycin‐rifampin (VR), or vancomycin‐rifampin‐trametinib (VRT) hydrogels were applied to the fracture site intraoperatively. Rifampin was included because of its ability to penetrate eukaryotic cells to target intracellular bacteria. Unbiased screening demonstrated ERK activation was upregulated in the setting of MRSA infection. As such, the FDA‐approved mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)1‐pERK1/2 inhibitor trametinib was evaluated as an adjunctive therapeutic agent to selectively mitigate excessive inflammation after infected fracture. Two additional cohorts were created mimicking immediate and delayed postoperative antibiotic administration. Systemic vancomycin or VR was administered for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of VRT hydrogel or oral trametinib therapy. Hematologic, histological, and cytokine analyses were performed using serum and tissue isolates obtained at distinct postoperative intervals. Radiography and micro‐computed tomography (μCT) were employed to assess fracture healing. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels remained elevated in MRSA‐infected mice with antibiotic treatment alone, but increasingly normalized with trametinib therapy. Impaired callus formation and malunion were consistently observed in the MRSA‐infected groups and was partially salvaged with systemic antibiotic treatment alone. Mice that received VR alongside adjuvant MEK1‐pERK1/2 inhibition displayed the greatest restoration of bone and osseous union. A combinatorial approach involving adjuvant cell‐penetrating antibiotic treatments alongside mitigation of excessive inflammation enhanced healing of infected fractures. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Brain Stimulation Over the Motion-Sensitive Midtemporal Area Reduces Deleterious Effects of Mental Fatigue on Perceptual-Cognitive Skills in Basketball Players.

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) over the motion-sensitive midtemporal area on perceptual-cognitive skills (visuomotor and basketball decision-making skills) in mentally fatigued basketball players. A total of 20 male basketball players were recruited. This was a randomized, double-blinded, and counterbalanced crossover study with two experimental conditions: a-tDCS and Sham. The participants completed the basketball decision-making task and visuomotor skill after performing a 60-min sport-based videogame task with anodal (i.e., a-tDCS) or placebo (Sham) stimulation over the motion-sensitive middle temporal area. Worse response time was observed in visuomotor skill for Sham than a-tDCS postexperiment (p < .05). There was no main condition effect for accuracy of visuomotor skill (p > .05). There was more impairment in accuracy and response time in basketball decision-making skills for the Sham condition than a-tDCS (p < .05). Notably, a-tDCS over the motion-sensitive middle temporal area removed the negative effects of mental fatigue on perceptual-cognitive skills.
The Outcome of Cerumen Removal in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Objective Cerumen obstructs the visualization of the tympanic membrane (TM) in up to 40% of children, sometimes posing a challenge to rule out the diagnosis of acute otitis media (AOM) as the source of otalgia (for verbal children), irritability, fever, and febrile seizures. We aim to determine the rate at which removing the cerumen from blocking the view of the TM could change the management of these patients in the pediatric emergency department (PED). Methods We retrospectively investigated all medical records of patients who underwent cerumen removal in the PED at a tertiary children's hospital from 2018 to 2019. We analyzed the effect of the procedure on the subsequent workup during their PED visit. Results Of 482 children who presented to the PED with otalgia, irritability, fever, and/or febrile seizures and who were referred to an otolaryngologist for subsequent treatment after preliminary evaluation in the PED, 176 were included in the study group after having the cerumen removed from one or both ears. Seventy-three of them were given a diagnosis of AOM, 93 had a normal-appearing TM, and 10 had external otitis. Twenty-one percent of those with AOM and 46% of those with a normal TM (P = 0.008) had blood drawn as part of their workup in their PED visit. The rate of chest x-rays was also significantly less for the AOM group (16% vs 30%, P = 0.03), and they also underwent fewer urine tests (P = NS). Conclusion Cerumen removal changes the management of children in the PED who present with a possible diagnosis of an ear infection. Cerumen removal could avoid unnecessary laboratory and imaging studies, which could save time, costs, and suffering.
The effect and therapeutic compliance of adjuvant therapy in patients with cholangiocarcinoma after R0 resection: a retrospective study

Background This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes between surveillance and adjuvant therapy (AT) groups after R0 resection for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Methods A total of 154 patients who underwent R0 resection for CCA at the Daegu Catholic University Medical Center between January 2010 and December 2019 were included. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. Results The median follow-up duration was 899 days. There were 109 patients in the AT group and 45 patients in the surveillance group. The patients in the AT group were younger (67 years vs. 74 years, p<0.001) and included more males (64.2% vs. 46.7%, p=0.044). The proportion of patients with stage III CCA was larger in the AT group than in the surveillance group (13.8% vs. 2.2%, p=0.005). In addition, AT did not improve OS (5-year OS rate, 69.3% in the AT group vs. 64.2% in the surveillance group, p=0.806) or PFS (5-year PFS rate, 42.6% in the AT group vs. 48.9% in the surveillance group, p=0.113). In multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model, stage III CCA (hazard ratio [HR], 10.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.92–40.00; p<0.001) was a significant predictor of OS. American Society of Anesthesiologists classification II (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.31–0.81; p=0.005), and American Joint Committee on Cancer stages II (HR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.25–7.89; p=0.015) and III (HR, 8.08; 95% CI, 2.80–23.32; p<0.001) were independent predictors of PFS. Conclusion AT after R0 resection for CCA did not improve OS or PFS.
Measuring Grief in the Context of Traumatic Loss: A Systematic Review of Assessment Instruments

Following traumatic loss, defined as the death of a loved one due to unexpected or violent circumstances, adults may experience a myriad of grief-related problems. Given the addition of Prolonged Grief Disorders into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders Fifth Edition, Text-Revision and influx of unexpected deaths due to the global Coronavirus pandemic, there is heightened interest in the measurement of grief-related processes. We conducted a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify measures of grief used in studies of adults who experienced traumatic loss. Searches yielded 164 studies that used 31 unique measures of grief-related constructs. The most commonly used instrument was the Inventory of Complicated Grief-Revised. Half of the measures assessed constructs beyond diagnosable pathological grief responses. Given the wide variation and adaptations of measures reviewed, we recommend greater testing and uniformity of measurement across the field. Future research is needed to adapt and/or design measures to evaluate new criteria for Prolonged Grief Disorder.
An Observational Approach to Examining White Parents’ Racial Socialization Practices With Adolescent Youth

The racial socialization (RS) strategies used by White parents have received limited empirical attention. Thus, the current study examined the frequency and content of White parents’ RS messages to their White children during an observed parent–child discussion task on discrimination when youth were 14 years old. Participants were 243 White caregivers and their adolescent children (47.7% female). Overall, parents provided few RS messages, but when they did, they often relayed egalitarian messages or messages minimizing racism. Other types of RS strategies that emerged included acknowledging racism targeting people of color, discriminatory attitudes, and false beliefs in reverse racism.
Do changes in women's household status in Nepal improve access to food and nutrition?

Abstract Women's nutritional status remains poor in South Asia, impacting maternal and infant health outcomes. Women's household status is also low, as evidenced by eating behaviours. We started with triadic qualitative interviews with newly married women, husbands and mothers‐in‐law to explore the link between women's status and eating patterns, followed by longitudinal data from a cohort of 200 newly married women in rural Nepal to measure associations over time. Quantitative data were collected every 6 months for 18 months (four rounds of data) between 2018 and 2020. Interviews suggested that household relationships, women's status, and how much and what types of food she was given were intricately linked. Using mixed effects logistic regression models, we explore the association between markers of changing women's status (becoming pregnant, giving birth and working outside the home) on two outcomes (eating last always/usually and achieving minimum dietary diversity). We also explore for interaction between women's status and household food insecurity. Pregnancy increases women's dietary diversity, but this is not sustained post‐partum. Women who work outside the home are less likely to eat last in the household. Food insecurity is associated with both the order of household eating and dietary diversity. Interactions between food insecurity and giving birth suggested that women who give birth in food insecure households are more likely to eat last in the household. Changes in women's household status are associated with some improvements in dietary diversity and order of household eating, but the associations are not long‐lasting and depend on food security status.
Childhood emotional maltreatment and subsequent affective symptoms among chinese male drug users: The roles of impulsivity and psychological resilience.

OBJECTIVE Childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) has been widely linked to later affective symptoms. What still remains inadequately understood are the potential nuanced differences in the consequences of childhood emotional abuse (CEM-A) versus childhood emotional neglect (CEM-N) and the implicated mechanisms. Research with non-Western, clinical samples also remains scarce. Thus, we examined the associations of CEM-A and CEM-N with later affective symptoms among Chinese male drug users and tested impulsivity and psychological resilience as potential mediators and moderators. METHOD Structural equation modeling analyses were conducted with survey data obtained from 239 Chinese male adult drug users who were in a rehabilitation center. RESULTS The mediating rather than the moderating hypotheses were supported. CEM-A was found to be positively associated with subsequent depressive and anxious symptoms through a positive association with impulsivity. In contrast, CEM-N was positively associated only with subsequent depressive symptoms via a negative association with psychological resilience. In addition, CEM-A was also found to be directly associated with later depressive and anxious symptoms. CONCLUSIONS CEM may pose a threat to later affective well-being partly through contributing to intrapersonal vulnerabilities as well as compromising intrapersonal strengths. Differentiating CEM-A and CEM-N appears to be critical for revealing the understudied specificity and nuance that may be inherently within such effects. Drug use treatment services should sensitively attend to the affective sequelae of CEM. Interventions targeted at the modification of impulsivity and the facilitation of psychological resilience may be effective in diminishing the affective consequences of CEM among drug users. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Stand‐alone Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation (FIRM) ablation versus second‐generation cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation (FIRM) guided catheter ablation aiming at stable rotors has been investigated as a treatment option in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of FIRM‐guided ablation with second‐generation cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (CB2‐PVI) in paroxysmal AF.
It’s all relative: Regression analysis with compositional predictors

Compositional data reside in a simplex and measure fractions or proportions of parts to a whole. Most existing regression methods for such data rely on log‐ratio transformations that are inadequate or inappropriate in modeling high‐dimensional data with excessive zeros and hierarchical structures. Moreover, such models usually lack a straightforward interpretation due to the interrelation between parts of a composition. We develop a novel relative‐shift regression framework that directly uses proportions as predictors. The new framework provides a paradigm shift for regression analysis with compositional predictors and offers a superior interpretation of how shifting concentration between parts affects the response. New equi‐sparsity and tree‐guided regularization methods and an efficient smoothing proximal gradient algorithm are developed to facilitate feature aggregation and dimension reduction in regression. A unified finite‐sample prediction error bound is derived for the proposed regularized estimators. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods in extensive simulation studies and a real gut microbiome study. Guided by the taxonomy of the microbiome data, the framework identifies important taxa at different taxonomic levels associated with the neurodevelopment of preterm infants.
Hepatic STAMP2 alleviates polychlorinated biphenyl‐induced steatosis and hepatic iron overload in NAFLD models

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been associated with neurotoxicity, hepatoxicity, oncogenicity, and endocrine‐disrupting effects. Although the recent studies have demonstrated that PCB exposure leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the underlying mechanism has remained unsolved. In this study, we examined the hepatic effects of a PCB mixture, Aroclor 1260, whose composition mimics human bioaccumulation patterns, and PCB 126 in C57BL/6 mice. Male C57Bl/6 mice were fed a standard diet or a 60% high‐fat diet and exposed to Aroclor 1260 (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) or PCB 126 (1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection for a total of four injections (2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks) for 6 weeks. In mice, both Aroclor 1260 and PCB 126‐induced liver damage, hepatic steatosis and inflammation. We also observed that PCB exposure‐induced hepatic iron overload (HIO). We previously demonstrated that hepatic six transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) may represent a suitable therapeutic target for NAFLD patients. Thus, we further examined whether hepatic STAMP2 is involved in PCB‐induced NAFLD. We observed that hepatic STAMP2 was significantly decreased in PCB‐induced NAFLD models in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of hepatic STAMP2 using an adenoviral delivery system resulted in improvement of PCB‐induced steatosis and HIO in vivo and in vitro. Our findings indicate that enhancing hepatic STAMP2 expression represents a potential therapeutic avenue for the treatment of PCB exposure‐induced NAFLD.
Modelling sodium requirements of athletes across a variety of exercise scenarios – Identifying when to test and target, or season to taste

ABSTRACT Evidence suggests the focus for sodium replacement during exercise should be maintenance of plasma sodium concentration ([Na+]plasma) for any given total body water (TBW) volume. The sodium intake to achieve stable [Na+]plasma given known fluid and electrolyte intakes and losses can be mathematically estimated. Therefore the aim of this investigation was to model sodium requirements of athletes during exercise, observing the influence of sweat rate, exercise duration, body mass, baseline [Na+]plasma and sweat potassium [K+]sweat, and relevance to competition (soccer, elite marathon, and 160 km ultramarathon running). Models were constructed across a range of sweat sodium concentrations ([Na+]sweat) (20–80 mmol·L−1), sweat rates (0.5–2.5 L·h−1) and fluid replacement (10–90% of losses). In the competition-specific scenarios, fluid replacement was calculated to achieve 2% TBW losses. Sodium requirements were driven by fluid replacement (% of losses) and [Na+]sweat, with minimal or no influence of other variables. Replacing sodium was unnecessary in all realistic scenarios modelled for a soccer match and elite marathon. In contrast, the 160 km ultramarathon required ≥47% sodium replacement when [Na+]sweat was ≥40 mmol·L−1 and >80% of fluid losses were replaced. In conclusion, sodium requirements to maintain stable [Na+]plasma during exercise depend on both the proportion of fluid losses replaced, and [Na+]sweat. Only when prolonged exercise is coupled with aggressive fluid replacement (>80%) and whole body [Na+]sweat ≥40 mmol·L−1 does sweat composition testing and significant, targeted sodium replacement appear necessary. Highlights Modelling sodium intake requirements with sodium and fluid intake expressed as a proportion of losses, allows robust models to be constructed that are not influenced by sweat rate, exercise duration, body mass, and only to a minor extent by baseline plasma sodium and sweat potassium. When applied to specific sporting scenarios, targeted sodium replacement, and therefore sweat composition testing, appears unnecessary in all realistic scenarios modelled for a soccer match or elite marathon race. Athletes can therefore choose sodium intake according to taste preferences rather than physiological need. During a 160 km ultramarathon, targeted sodium replacement may be necessary because fluid replacement needs are greater as a proportion of losses. However the required quantity remains <50% of losses unless sweat rate is ≥1.5 L·hr−1, sweat sodium is ≥40 mmol·L−1, and fluid replacement is ≥90% of losses. The modelling technique described could be utilised by researchers to personalise sodium replacement in intervention studies for each participant, or by practitioners to either estimate the likely sodium needs of athletes during exercise, or to decide when sweat composition testing is or is not likely to be useful.
The feasibility of a crowd-based early developmental milestone tracking application

Objective Parents’ tracking of developmental milestones can assist healthcare providers with early detection of developmental delays and appropriate referrals to early intervention. Crowdsourcing is one way to update the content and age data distribution of developmental checklists for parents and providers. This feasibility study examined which developmental milestones parents chose to track and what they added beyond traditional milestones, using the babyTRACKS crowd-based mobile app. Method We analyzed the developmental diaries of 3,832 children, registered in the babyTRACKS app at an average age of 9.3 months. Their parents recorded a median of 5 milestones per diary, selecting from the accumulating lists of age-appropriate milestones or authoring new milestones. The final database included 645 types of milestones; 89.15% were developmental, of which 43.6% were comparable to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) milestones while the rest were crowd-authored. Milestones were categorized into developmental domains: Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Oral Motor, Self-Care, Cognitive, Language Comprehension, Speech, Non-Verbal Communication, Social, Emotional, and Regulation. Results On average, the milestone domains of Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Cognitive and Social were the most added to diaries (20%-30% of a diary). Within the Cognitive, Speech and Language Comprehension domains there were significantly more CDC comparable versus crowd-authored milestones (29% versus 21%, 22% versus 10%, 8% versus 4%). In contrast, within the Regulation and Oral Motor domains there were more crowd versus CDC milestones (17% versus 3%, 9% versus 3%). Crowd-authored Speech milestones were significantly older by 7 months than CDC milestones. Conclusion Tracking daily observations of child development provides a window into personally relevant milestones for the child and parent. The crowd of parents can independently track and add new milestones across main developmental domains. Regulation and Oral Motor development especially interest parents. Parents may be less aware of early progress in Language Comprehension and Speech; thus, these domains require more structured screening. Designing mobile early screening which is crowd-based engages parents as proactive partners in developmental tracking.
Production and Testing of Lateritic Interlocking Blocks

The production and testing of lateritic interlocking blocks were examined. The experiments involved the production of 250 × 130 × 220 mm3 interlocking blocks with laterite samples obtained from Aroje (Ogbomoso North L.G), Olomi (Ogbomoso South L.G), Idioro (Surulere L.G) and Tewure (Orire L.G) using a locally fabricated manual steel mould and a 4.5 kg rammer. The blocks were tested in the laboratory to determine their compressive strength, water absorption and resistance to abrasion. The results indicated that all of the stabilised blocks satisfied the minimum 28 day wet compressive strength of 1.0 Nmm-2 recommended by the Nigeria Building and Road Research Institute. The minimum seven day dry compressive strength for 5% cement stabilised blocks of not less than 1.60 Nmm-2, as recommended in the National Building Code, was not satisfied by all of the blocks. However, with 10% cement stabilisation, blocks from Olomi and Idioro laterites satisfied the minimum seven day strength with values of 2.13 Nmm-2 and 1.62 Nmm-2, respectively. Only laterites from Olomi and Idioro that met the minimum seven day requirements were concluded to be suitable for the production of interlocking blocks in southwestern Nigeria.
Model for smart building electrical loads scheduling

In this paper, a novel mathematical optimization model for the optimal load scheduling in smart buildings is presented. The proposed building energy management system uses the optimization model to make a quick and optimal load scheduling. Analysis of the results shows the stability of the propose model when solving the problem in residential smart buildings. Minimization of the use of the grid's power was achieved, which also led to a reduction in the electricity bill up to 26% for one specific user. Demand peaks were avoided and the demand curve was flattered at the end of the scheduling process. Moreover, the propose optimization model considers a fair payment constraint of the electrical bill for all users.