Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of resting energy expenditure in Italian older adults with severe obesity

Background In the last decade a large number of studies proposed and/or validated equations to estimate the Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) in adults and/or older adults, however, no equation currently available showed good accuracy for older adults with severe obesity. Thus, this study aimed to develop and validate new predictive equations for REE, based on data from the indirect calorimetry, in Italian older adults with severe obesity. Methods A retrospective study was as conducted with 764 Caucasian older adults with severe obesity (age range: 60-74 years and BMI ≥ 35 kg/m/²). Four models were used to test the accuracy of anthropometry and body composition variables in multivariable prediction of REE. All models were derived by stepwise multiple regression analysis using a calibration group of 382 subjects [295 females and 87 males] and the equations were cross-validated in the remaining 382 subjects [295 females and 87 males] as validation group. The new prediction equations and the other published equations were tested using the Bland-Altman method. Prediction accuracy was defined as the percentage of subjects whose REE was predicted within ± 10% of measured REE. Results All the equations analyzed predicted higher energy requirements for males than females, and most of them underestimated the energy requirement values of our sample. The highest accuracy values were observed in the new equations, with 62% in the anthropometric model and 63% in the body composition model. Conclusion Although the accuracy of our equations was slightly higher in comparison with the other taken into consideration, they cannot be considered completely satisfactory for predicting REE in Italians older adults with severe obesity. When predicting equations cannot guarantee precise or acceptable values of REE, the use of indirect calorimetry (if available) should be always recommended, especially in clinical practice.
Study on the mechanism of surfactant flooding: Effect of betaine structure

: In order to elucidate the oil displacement mechanism of micro-emulsions formed by different betaines at pore throats, this study selected three betaine surfactants with different hydrophobic branched chains for a microscopic visualization oil displacement experiment. The interfacial tension, dilational modulus, interactions of oil droplets
THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRAINING PROGRAM TO ENHANCE LEADERSHIP PRACTICES OF STUDENT LEADERS AT NORMAL UNIVERSITIES IN HEBEI PROVINCE, CHINA

This research aimed to develop a training program to enhance student leadership practices in students in normal universities in Hebei, China. The study utilized an exploratory mixed-methods approach integrating qualitative, quantitative, and experimental methods. A total of 897 student leaders from four normal universities in Hebei participated in the study. Factors related to student leadership development in the context of China were synthesized from the literature. Levels of leadership were measured and found overall to be at the moderate level. A significant regression equation was found F (7,661) = 31.04, p<. 05), with an R2 of . 106. Three were significant predictors of leadership practices: Mentorship and Support, Peer Collaboration, and Supportive Environment. From the regression equation obtained, these factors explained approximately 31% of the variation in the level of leadership practices. The validity of the training program was confirmed through implementation and statistical analysis. Sixty students participated in the training program. A pre-test questionnaire was distributed to both groups and respectively and analysis of data revealed that there was no significant difference between the means of the control group and experimental group. Subsequently, the experimental group participated in the developed training program. A paired samples t-test was done to compare the means pre-and post-training. The results of the t-test demonstrated that the leadership training program was effective in enhancing the leadership practices.
Resolved Snowball Earth Clouds

AbstractRecent general circulation model (GCM) simulations have challenged the idea that a snowball Earth would be nearly entirely cloudless. This is important because clouds would provide a strong warming to a high-albedo snowball Earth. GCM results suggest that clouds could lower the threshold CO2 needed to deglaciate a snowball by a factor of 10–100, enough to allow consistency with geochemical data. Here a cloud-resolving model is used to investigate cloud and convection behavior in a snowball Earth climate. The model produces convection that extends vertically to a similar temperature as modern tropical convection. This convection produces clouds that resemble stratocumulus clouds under an inversion on modern Earth, which slowly dissipate by sedimentation of cloud ice. There is enough cloud ice for the clouds to be optically thick in the longwave, and the resulting cloud radiative forcing is similar to that produced in GCMs run in snowball conditions. This result is robust to large changes in the clo.
Radar interferometric imaging studies of long‐duration meteor echoes observed at Jicamarca

A large number of long-duration (≥15 s) meteor echoes were detected at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory on two nights in early August 1990 during an evening electrojet experiment. Using an interferometric imaging technique, we were able to measure a zonal velocity profile for each meteor trail. Our analysis procedure differs from conventional meteor wind methods in that it provides instantaneous profiles rather than long-term average information. Significant altitudinal and temporal variabilities of the horizontal velocities were noted. Zonal speeds of up to 100 m s−1, large vertical shears of up to 20 m s−1/km, and rapid temporal variations of up to 50 m s−1 over an hour interval were observed. Spectral analysis indicates the presence and decay of asymmetrical high-frequency signal components. Possible explanations for the observed high-frequency components are discussed as are the angle of arrival of and the scattering mechanism responsible for the meteor echoes.
Boron isotope evidence for shallow fluid transfer across subduction zones by serpentinized mantle

Serpentinites formed by alteration of oceanic and forearc mantle are major volatile and fluid-mobile element reservoirs for arc magmatism, though direct proof of their dominance in the subduction-zone volatile cycles has been elusive. Boron isotopes are established markers of fluid-mediated mass transfer during subduction. Altered oceanic crust and sediments have been shown to release in the subarc mantle 11 B-depleted fluids, which cannot explain 11 B enrichment of many arcs. In contrast to these crustal reservoirs, we document high δ 11 B values retained in subduction-zone Alpine serpentinites. No 11 B fractionation occurs in these rocks with progressive burial: the released 11 B-rich fluids uniquely explain the elevated δ 11 B of arc magmas. B, O-H, and Sr isotope systems indicate that serpentinization was driven by slab fluids that infiltrated the slab-mantle interface early in the subduction history.
Constraining the uncertainties of volcano thermal anomaly monitoring using a Kalman filter technique

Abstract The activity status of a volcano can be evaluated from the remotely measured radiant power (RP). The measured RP contains noise due to reasons such as atmospheric effects and instrument characteristics. Here we first show how to estimate the uncertainty of each single RP measurement. To additionally reduce the temporal noise of the RP time series we apply a Kalman filter. The Kalman filter is able to recursively analyse an unevenly sampled time series. To validate our filtering scheme, we applied it to an eruption of Etna in 2002, as well as to the eruption of Nyamuragira in 2010. In the case of the Etna eruption, the denoised time series agrees well with in situ observations of a waxing and waning flow. For the case of Nyamuragira, the enhanced time series of RP shows more fluctuation probably due to cloud coverage. Thus, we propose a multiple instrument approach that increases the temporal resolution of the RP time series and reduces the associated noise.
Bearing Capacity Evaluation of Footing on a Layered-Soil using ABAQUS

In this paper, finite element method (FEM) is applied to calculate bearing capacity of a strip footing on one-layer and two-layer soil. Computations are carried out using commercial finite element software, ABAQUS to assess effect of various geotechnical and geometric parameters on soil failure mechanism under the footing. Soil profile contains two soil types including sand and clay. Soil behaviour is represented by the elasto-plastic Drucker-Prager model and footing material is assumed isotropic and linear elastic. For a homogenous soil profile, the effect of soil properties such as dilation angel and initial condition as well as footing roughness are assessed on soil failure mechanism under the footing. For this case, the bearing capacity is also obtained which has a good agreement with Terzaghi’s calculation. For a layered soil, soft-over-strong soil, the effect of layer thickness, soil shear strength and material property on bearing capacity value and failure mechanism is studied. It is concluded that the bearing capacity of footing decreases as the height of clayey soil increases whilst the displacement under footing increases. However, the stronger bottom layer does not affect ultimate bearing capacity value of footing and displacement of footing after some thickness of clayey soil on top.
Vision-Based In-Hand Manipulation for Variously Shaped and Sized Objects by a Robotic Gripper With Active Surfaces

In-hand manipulation to translate and rotate an object is a challenging problem for robotic hands. As one solution, robotic hand with belts around fingers ( $active~surfaces$ ) has been developed for continuous and seamless manipulation. However, in practice, the grasped object can only be rotated through a small range less than 90° except the objects with simple shapes like cubes and cylinders. This is because the fingers cannot follow the width required not to drop the object or the desired rotation cannot be produced depending on its shape, leading to dropping the object or unable to rotate it anymore. This paper presents a method to address these problems and rotate objects of various shape and sizes through a large range of motion. A stereo camera is attached to a two-fingered robotic hand with belts. The changes in the contact points between the surfaces of the belts and object are predicted. Based on the prediction, the belts are controlled to adjust the angular velocity of the object such that the fingers can follow the width required to grasp it and the appropriate rotation can be produced. The fingers are controlled to follow the predicted contact points and deflect the belts to both cancel the unwanted rotation and generate the desired rotation. Through experiments in which 32 objects of 16 shapes and 2 sizes, and other real-world objects were rotated to 1 revolution, the rotational ranges for various objects were larger than in the other studies, confirming the validity of the proposed method.
Groundwater flow and solute transport in a laboratory-scale analogue of a decommissioned in-pit tailings management facility

A laboratory-scale analogue of an in-pit tailings management facility (TMF) was constructed using mortar sand, fluorescent-dye-containing ground silica, and filter gravel to represent fractured host rock, tailings, and a pervious surround, respectively. In a series of experiments, the performance of the analogue was observed through collection of hydraulic head, groundwater discharge, and solute concentration data. These data were found to be sufficient to validate numerical simulations of the experiments carried out using FRAC3DVS. The validation exercise indicated that adequate discretization of the tailings' periphery was critical to accurate simulation of early time solute release from the ground silica, while accurate simulation of groundwater flow and hydrodynamic dispersion adjacent to the ground silica was critical to accurate simulation of the down-gradient solute plumes. The validated model was used to predict how the analogue would have performed over its entire "contaminating lifespan. " The re.
Managing Cultural Heritage in "Natural" Protected Areas: Case studies of Rangitoto and Motutapu islands in Auckland's Hauraki Gulf

ii Acknowledgements . iv List of Figures . xi List of Tables . xiii Abbreviations . xiv List of Interviewees. xv Glossary of Māori Terms . xvi Preface. xvii CHAPTER
The timing of opening and closure of the Mayile oceanic basin: Evidence from the angular unconformity between the Middle Devonian and its underlying geological body in the southern West Junggar

Mayile ophiolitic melange belt is one of the important Early Paleozoic ophiolite suites in the southern West Junggar,Xinjiang. It is controversial concerning the timing of opening and closure of the Mayile ancient oceanic basin. Based on detailed field investigations,Mayile ophiolitic melange emplaced in Middle-Upper Silurian Mayilashan Group flysch matrix or coexistenced closely with the Cambrian intrusive rocks in space. This indicates that Mayile ancient oceanic basin opened at least in the Cambrian.Observation along stratigraphic profiles suggest that there is angular unconformity between the Middle Devonian Kulumudi Formation and Mayilashan Group in lithologic characteristics,basic sequence,sedimentary environment. These reflect that early Late Paleozoic is a major transition period in the development of tectonic evolution of the West Junggar,and the deposition of continental sedimentary sequence in the lower part of Kulumudi Formation is a sedimentary response to the closure of Mayile Early Paleozoic ocean basin.Furthermore,this will provide important constraints on the tectonic evolution of the West Junggar orogenic belt and the tectonic framework of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt( CAOB) during the Paleozoic period.
Stock liquidity and stock price crash risk: Evidence from Vietnam

Abstract This research examines whether stock liquidity affects the crash risk of stock price for companies listed on the Vietnamese stock market. Using a comprehensive dataset encompassing all stocks listed on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) and the Hanoi Stock Exchange (HNX) from 2010 to 2022, we find that stock liquidity has a negative impact on stock price crash risk. Our findings are consistent with governance theory, which considers stock liquidity as a governance mechanism to discipline managers for hiding negative information, that could lead to stock price crashes. To the best of our knowledge, our paper is one of the initial studies to provide evidence regarding the impact of stock liquidity on stock price crash risk in the context of Vietnam. Thus, this study significantly contributes to the research literature on stock liquidity and crash risk in emerging markets. Furthermore, this research provides valuable insights for policymakers, authorities, managers, and investors, offering potential strategies for managing the crash risk of stock price.
Circulation in the South China Sea during summer 2000 as obtained from observations and a generalized topography-following ocean model

[1] On the basis of the recently obtained hydrographic data in the South China Sea, the improved Princeton Ocean Model with a generalized topography-following coordinate system is used to study the circulation in the region during summer 2000. Several sensitivity experiments are carried out to achieve reasonable model parameters for the South China Sea (SCS). It is shown from the resting stratification experiments that the generalized topography-following coordinate scheme is better than the standard sigma grid scheme for reducing the pressure gradient errors. The combination of sea surface height anomaly derived from TOPEX/Poseidon and numerical results with both diagnostic and semidiagnostic simulations provides a consistent circulation pattern for the SCS in August, and the main circulation features can be summarized as follows: (1) There is a notable anticyclonic warm eddy southeast of Vietnam with a horizontal scale of ∼300 km, and there is a cyclonic cold eddy. The simultaneous existence of these cold and warm eddies is one of the important circulation characteristics in the SCS during summer 2000. (2) A secondary cold eddy is found east of Vietnam. (3) The northwestern part of the SCS is dominated by an anticyclonic circulation system. (4) There is also a secondary warm eddy southwest off the Luzon Island. (5) A cyclonic eddy is found west off the Borneo Island. (6) A western intensification phenomenon obviously occurs in the SCS. The dynamical mechanisms of the above-mentioned circulation pattern in the SCS are the interaction between the wind stress and bottom topography and the joint effect of baroclinicity and relief.
Global Interannual Variations in Sea Surface Temperature and Land Surface Vegetation, Air Temperature, and Precipitation

Abstract Anomalies in global vegetation greenness, SST, land surface air temperature, and precipitation exhibit linked, low-frequency interannual variations. These interannual variations were detected and analyzed for 1982–90 with a multivariate spectral method. The two most dominant signals for 1982–90 had periods of about 2.6 and 3.4 yr. Signals centered at 2.6 years per cycle corresponded to variations in the El Nino–Southern Oscillation index and explained about 28% of the variance in anomalies of SST, land surface air temperature, precipitation, and vegetation; these signals were most pronounced in 1) SST anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, 2) land surface vegetation and precipitation anomalies in tropical and subtropical regions, and 3) land surface vegetation, precipitation, and temperature anomalies in North America. Signals at 3.4 years per cycle corresponded to variations in the North Atlantic oscillation index and explained 8.6% of the variance in the combined datasets; their occ.
Thermomechanical Properties of Zeta (Ag3In) Phase

The thermomechanical properties of materials within die-attach joints play an essential role in assessing the reliability of high-power modules. Ag-In transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding serves as an alternative method for die attachment. However, relevant material data for the ζ (Ag3In) phase, one of the Ag-In intermetallic compound (IMC) products of TLP bonding, are limited. This paper proposes an approach to fabricate a densified and pure bulk sample of the ζ (Ag3In) phase. The thermomechanical properties of the ζ (Ag3In) phase were subsequently investigated at elevated temperatures and compared to those of other IMCs frequently observed in die-attach joints. As the temperature increased from 30 °C to 200 °C, the hardness of the ζ (Ag3In) phase decreased linearly from 1.78 GPa to 1.46 GPa. Similarly, the Young’s modulus also decreased linearly from 82.3 GPa to 66.5 GPa. These properties rank among the lowest levels compared to those of other IMCs. The average coefficient of thermal expansion within the temperature range of 70 °C to 250 °C was approximately 18.63 ± 0.61 μm/m/°C, placing the ζ (Ag3In) phase at a moderate level. When considering its potential for mitigating thermal stress, these combined properties render the ζ (Ag3In) phase an appropriate material choice for die-attach joints compared to other IMCs.
Comparative footprint studies of single and multiday trawl fishing along Ratnagiri coast, Maharashtra, India

Trawl fishing is widely recognised as the most productive and industrious fishing method in the world. Due to the importance of trawl fisheries along the Ratnagiri coast of Maharashtra, the present comparative study was undertaken on single and multiday trawl fishing in the region. In this study, monthly variations in fishing depth, catch per hour (CPH), discard per hour (DPH), spatio-temporal species distribution and spatial prediction of catch-discard of 136 trawl hauls were analysed. Single and multiday trawlers were operated from 15°53’24’’N to 18°00’36’’N latitude and 72°55’55’’E to 73°25’48’’E longitude within a depth range of 10 to 64 m in the Arabian Sea. For the multiday trawlers, maximum CPH of 68.30 kg h-1 was recorded in October 2015, while single day trawlers recorded CPH of 42.70 kg h-1 in November 2015. Average DPH for multiday and single day trawlers were recorded as 7.66 and 3.84 kg h-1 respectively. The study found that CPH and DPH were significantly (p<0.05) higher in multiday trawlers than single day trawlers. Based on spatial mapping, high fishing pressure was observed in the area south-west off Ratnagiri. Our results highlighted the need for suitable strategies for conservation and management of fisheries resources to achieve long-term sustainability in the region. Keywords: Catch, Discard, Diversity, GIS mapping
Mapping Quaternary deposits in the el-Jufr playa (Southeastern Jordan Plateau) using geoelectrical techniques: Implications for geology and hydrogeology

Geoelectrical measurements using the vertical electrical sounding method were conducted on the elJufr playa, Southeastern Jordan Plateau. The objectives of the study were (i) to observe, map and describe the range of difference in Quaternary deposits, and (ii) to identify formations that may present fresh aquifer waters, and subsequently to understand the relationship between possible groundwater resources and structural elements. Data collected at 20 locations were interpreted first with curvematching techniques, using theoretically calculated master curves. The initial earth models were double-checked and reinterpreted using a one-dimensional inversion program in order to obtain the final subsurface electrical stratigraphy units, including the water-bearing aquifer. The results of interpretation are used to construct litho-resistivity cross sections across the study area in light of the surface and subsurface geologic information. The inspection of litho-resistivity cross sections reveals the presence of two main alluvial sequences. The upper sequence that attains resistivities ranging from 5 to 120 ohm-m and thickness ranging from 6 to 18 m are a mixture of reworked aeolian and alluvial sediments. The resistivity of this unit generally decreases south- and central-wards, indicating more homogeneous fine silty sand nature of the Pleistocene sediments. The lower stratigraphic sequence is the shallow sand and gravel layer saturated with fresh water. This layer is characterized by its relatively high resistivity (60 to 400 ohm-m) and varying thickness (8 to 23 m) in the northern and eastern sides and by its relatively low resistivity (20 to 90 ohm-m) and varying thickness (10 to 40 m) in the southern side.