Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact-responsive layer based on encapsulated solid/liquid non-Newtonian polymers

In this work, spherification was investigated as an incapsulation technique for an impact-responsive gel, with the ultimate objective of the final design being employed as protective equipment in the form of smart layers for protecting delicate goods in transit. The smart protective layers investigated utilised the controlled distribution of a polyborosiloxane based non-Newtonian polymer, namely shear stiffening gel (SSG), which can respond to an external stimulus i.e., a rapid mechanical load, by absorbing a large amount of energy, thus resulting in the protection of the aforementioned goods. At first instance, the constituents of the smart protective layers underwent mechanical characterisation, where the underlying mechanism of the SSG and its ability to absorb energy via means of a phase transition occurrence was established and quantified to be approximately five times higher compared to silicone. At a second stage, a thorough investigation of the optimal encapsulation method and geometrical arrangement was completed. The performance of the final design was assessed via static and dynamic tests which demonstrated that the layers containing SSG displayed superior performance compared to conventional ones, being able to autonomously offer protection to the substrates. In particular, the novel smart layers increased first and final compressive failure stresses by approximately 50%, whereas at the same time the maximum forces prior to failure in low velocity impact (LVI) tests were approximately 50% higher, across the investigated impact energy levels. The results of this work establish these novel smart protective layers as an ideal solution in a wide variety of applications where extremely fragile and valuable goods are in transit and impact forces need to be minimised or eliminated, such as camera lenses, electrical components, blood vials, and other medical products, overcoming the drawbacks of traditional packaging materials.
Measuring the Effect of Vision on the Synergy of Lower Extremity Muscles during Walking using Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NNMF) Algorithm Method

Introduction Lack of visual information in blind people during walking can affect the choice of muscle synergy from among the many incoming messages that reach the central nervous system (CNS). This study aimed to determine the effect of vision on the synergy of lower limb muscles during walking using the nonnegative matrix factorization algorithm (NNMF). Methods Ten blind people and 10 people with normal vision participated in this study. Activities of involved muscles were recorded during walking. Muscle synergy matrix and synergy activation coefficient were calculated using the NNMF algorithm, while the variance accounted for criterion was used to determine the number of synergies required during walking. In order to assess the similarity of muscle synergy pattern and the relative weight of each muscle in each synergy in each group, Pearson correlation and independent samples t-test at a significance level of α ≤ 0.05 were used. Results Four muscle synergies were extracted from EMG data during walking. The first (r = 0.431) and the second (r = 0.457) synergy patterns showed a moderate correlation between the two groups. However, the third (r = 0.302) and the fourth (r = 0.329) synergy patterns showed a weak correlation between the two groups. In the blind group, the relative weight of the muscles in the first synergy was significant for the external extensor muscle (P = 0.023), and in the second synergy for the biceps femoris. Also, in the third synergy, the relative weight was found to be significant in none of the muscles. In the fourth synergy, however, the relative weight of external extensor muscle in the blind group showed a significant decrease, as compared to the group with normal vision. Conclusions These changes can be the strategy of the CNS to preserve the optimal functioning in the motor system of blind people.
Impact of Implant Diameter on the Early Survival Rate of Dental Implants in the Saudi Population: A One-Year Retrospective Study

Introduction The use of dental implants provides a revolutionary solution to the problem of missing teeth in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to assess the early implant survival rate in relation to implant diameter and site of placement. Methods The data were collected from 186 patients treated between January 2019 and June 2021. All the implants were evaluated and restored after three months of implant placement. The early implant survival was calculated for different implant diameters with the odds ratio (OR). Results A total of 373 implants were placed. Implants were placed in the following areas: upper posterior area (UPA), n = 123, upper anterior area (UAA), n = 49, lower posterior area (LPA), n = 184, and lower anterior area (LAA), n = 17. Implants of the following diameters were placed: 3.5 mm (n = 129), 4.3 mm (n = 166), and 5 mm (n = 78). The overall early survival rate was 97.32% after three months of placement. The highest early survival rate was at LAA (100%) and the lowest early survival rate was at UAA (95.9%). The implants 5 mm in diameter had the highest early survival rate (98.72%), while the implants 3.5 mm in diameter had the lowest early survival rate (94.57%). The ORs of the early implant survival were 4.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96-23.05)] and 4.42 (95% CI: 0.53-36.61) for the 4.3 mm and 5 mm implants, respectively, with no statistical significance. Conclusions The implants placed in the oral cavity had acceptable survival rates regardless of implant diameter or site of placement.
Social media as a place to see and be seen: Exploring factors affecting job attainment via social media

Abstract Job seekers can utilize social media platforms to actively search for job opportunities and also receive unsolicited job offers from recruiters and employers. Using data from a representative sample of Finnish social media users, this article studies both aspects of social media job attainment by analyzing how much individuals successfully apply for jobs and get recruited to positions through social media. Results show that the prevalence of successfully applying to jobs through social media does not differ statistically between socio-economic groups, but the prevalence of getting recruited to jobs through social media is greater within higher socio-economic groups. LinkedIn users are more likely to get recruited to a job, while strategic networking and posting of professional content increase the chances of both successfully applying and getting recruited to a job through social media. The findings demonstrate that in social media-mediated job market, job seekers’ online behavior affects one’s exposure to job leads and career opportunities.
Impact of ion diamagnetic drift on ideal ballooning mode stability in rotating tokamak plasmas

Drift magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations have been derived in order to investigate the ion diamagnetic drift effect on the stability to ideal MHD modes in rotating plasmas. These drift MHD equations have been simplified with the Frieman-Rotenberg formalism under the incompressible assumption, and a new code, MINERVA-DI, has been developed to solve the derived extended Frieman-Rotenberg equation. Benchmark results of the MINERVA-DI code show good agreements with the analytic theory discussing the stability to an internal kink mode and that to a ballooning mode in static plasmas. The stability analyses of the ballooning mode with respect to toroidal rotation with the ion diamagnetic drift effect have been performed using MINERVA-DI. The stabilizing effect by the ion diamagnetic drift is found to be negligible when the rotation frequency is large compared to the ion diamagnetic drift frequency. The direction of plasma rotation affects the ballooning mode stability when the ion diamagnetic drift effect is taken into account. It is identified that there are two physics mechanisms responsible for the dependence of MHD stability on the rotation direction. One is the correction of the dynamic pressure effect on MHD stability by the ion diamagnetic drift, and the other is the change of the MHD eigenmode structure by the combined effect of plasma rotation and ion diamagnetic drift.
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF SOLE COWPEA PRODUCTION IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

The study determined the technical efficiency of sole cowpea production in Northern Agricultural Zone of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 180 sole cowpea producers selected by a multi-stage random sampling procedure, using structured questionnaire. The Data was subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed that, males dominated (81.11%) cowpea production in the area. The average age of the respondents was 46.52 and are mostly married with average family size of 8 persons. Also 88.33% used their personal savings to finance cowpea production and about. Farm size, family labour, hired labour and agro-chemicals were significantly related with cowpea output at 1% and 5% levels. Farming experience, extension contact, family size and credit availability enhance the efficiency of the respondents. Substantial variation existed in the TE indices of farmers with mean technical efficiency (TE) of 0.80 and minimum and maximum indices of 0.43 and 0.97, respectively. Farmers in the study area were relatively efficient in the production of sole cowpea. Inputs such as agrochemicals, farm land, improved seeds, labour as well as credit should be made available to farmers timely and at subsidized rates by government and non-governmental organizations.
The undue delay in the civil suits and its symbiotic harms on the litigants’ communal lives in Swat, Pakistan

The studies show that the civil justice system in Pakistan is facing undue delay in the resolution of civil suits. However, few studies have focused on the negative impacts on familial lives. Such negative impacts could be sufficiently covered by the term symbiotic harms as the nature of impacts on the families is wide-ranging and heterogeneous. This study analyses the symbiotic harms of delayed civil suits for litigants and their loved ones in Swat, Pakistan. We utilized a quantitative approach, and primary data were collected through interview schedules from litigants whose civil suits were pending at various courts. Participants were recruited through stratified random sampling from two strata, i.e., lower courts and high courts. Various aspects of litigants' experiences were analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics. The undue delay was found in litigants' suits, as the majority of respondents reported that their suits take too much time. This delay further brings symbiotic harm to the litigants' communal lives. It is significantly associated with defective socialization of children and dependents, not maintaining familial relationships and friendships, and not participating in communal functions. For the well-being of litigants, adequate social support and legal aid should be provided to litigants.
The Financial Performance of Nigerian Manufacturing Firms and Risk Management Practices

The techniques of risk management and the financial results of Nigerian manufacturing companies were the main topics of this essay. The study used a quantitative, cross-sectional research design. In order to analyze the data that was collected for the study, both descriptive and inferential methods were used. The hypotheses were tested using the regression method at the 0.05 or 5% level of significance. According to this study, risk management practices greatly improve the performance of manufacturing organizations, and Risk Awareness and control has a considerable impact on that performance. As a result of the study’s findings, it was suggested that management in the manufacturing sector make sure their Risk Awareness and control is efficient and effective since it has an impact on how well manufacturing organizations operate. Manufacturing company management should guarantee that effective risk management practices, such as early risk identification, risk assessment, and efficient risk Control/Reduction system, are in place to assure an increase in the performance of the manufacturing sector.
Association of multiple anthropometric indices with in 944,760 elderly Chinese people

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to update the latest data on the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in the elderly Chinese population and to assess relationships between new anthropometric indices and HTN. METHODS Data were obtained from the Basic Public Health Service (BPHS) survey for Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 944,760 people aged 65 years and older were included in this study. Blood pressure was measured by trained investigators. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), conicity index (COI), body roundness index (BRI), and a body shape index (ABSI) were included in the analysis as anthropometric indices. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the association of anthropometric indices with HTN. RESULTS The prevalence of HTN among elderly residents of Jiangsu Province was 64.7% (95% confidence interval, 64.6 to 64.8). After adjusting for multiple covariates, all anthropometric indices except ABSI showed significant non-linear positive dose-response associations with HTN across sex (pnonlinear<0.001). Among participants with BMI <28 kg/m2, abnormal weight, WC, WtHR, BRI, COI, and ABSI were positively associated with HTN. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HTN in the elderly in Jiangsu Province is gradually increasing. It is necessary to consider the combination of ABSI and COI with BMI for screening elderly individuals for HTN in follow-up prospective studies.
Stable Structure of the Logic Model with Two Causal Effects

Logic models in analying stability of a system with complexity are applicable to Physics, Chemistry and other areas of sciences. Using the orthogonality and symmetry definited by the theory of multilateral matrices, we present a stable logic model with two causal effects that is sometimes successful in analying stability of a system with complexity. The structure of the logic model is clear and simple and can be easily used to study a lot of complex problems. As an application, some examples are given.
Extreme brain events: Higher-order statistics of brain resting activity and its relation with structural connectivity

The brain exhibits a wide variety of spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal activity recorded using functional magnetic resonance imaging as the so-called blood-oxygenated-level–dependent (BOLD) signal. An active area of work includes efforts to best describe the plethora of these patterns evolving continuously in the brain. Here we explore the third-moment statistics of the brain BOLD signals in the resting state as a proxy to capture extreme BOLD events. We find that the brain signal exhibits typically nonzero skewness, with positive values for cortical regions and negative values for subcortical regions. Furthermore, the combined analysis of structural and functional connectivity demonstrates that relatively more connected regions exhibit activity with high negative skewness. Overall, these results highlight the relevance of recent results emphasizing that the spatiotemporal location of the relatively large-amplitude events in the BOLD time series contains relevant information to reproduce a number of features of the brain dynamics during resting state in health and disease.
A Loewner-Based System Identification and Structural Health Monitoring Approach for Mechanical Systems

Data-driven structural health monitoring (SHM) requires precise estimates of the target system behaviour. In this sense, SHM by means of modal parameters is strictly linked to system identification (SI). However, existing frequency-domain SI techniques have several theoretical and practical drawbacks. This paper proposes using an input-output system identification technique based on rational interpolation, known as the Loewner framework (LF), to estimate the modal properties of mechanical systems. Pioneeringly, the Loewner framework mode shapes and natural frequencies estimated by LF are then applied as damage-sensitive features for damage detection. To assess its capability, the Loewner framework is validated on both numerical and experimental datasets and compared to established system identification techniques. Promising results are achieved in terms of accuracy and reliability.
Drift approximation and ideal MHD of cold relativistic winds

A critical revision of the essential principles of the physics of relativistic flows of cold plasma is given. We prove that the approximation of ideal magnetic hydrodynamics of the cold plasma is equivalent to the drift approximation of motion of charged particles in an electromagnetic field. The equations of magnetohydrodynamics are obtained from equations for the drift motion of the charged particles. The conditions of application of the equations of ideal magnetohydrodynamics are obtained. In the case of the Crab pulsar the violation of the frozen-in condition can happen at a distance that well exceeds the distance to the termination shock. One fluid MHD can be incorrect at the light cylinder provided that the Lorentz factor of the plasma exceeds $10^{4}$ and the curvature radius of the flow line is comparable with the light cylinder. It is shown that the electric currents in the cold plasma are the result of the inertial drift motion of the charged particles in the crossed electric and magnetic fields.
Hospitalization Burden of Patients with Kidney Stones and Metabolic Comorbidities in Spain during the Period 2017–2020

Nephrolithiasis has become an increasing worldwide problem during the last decades. Metabolic syndrome, its components, and related dietary factors have been pointed out as responsible for the increasing incidence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the trends in the hospitalization rates of patients with nephrolithiasis, hospitalization features, costs, and how metabolic syndrome traits influence both the prevalence and complications of lithiasic patients. An observational retrospective study was conducted by analyzing hospitalization records from the minimum basic data set, including all patient hospitalizations in Spain in which nephrolithiasis has been coded as a main diagnosis or as a comorbidity during the period 2017–2020. A total of 106,407 patients were hospitalized and coded for kidney or ureteral lithiasis in this period. The mean age of the patients was 58.28 years (CI95%: 58.18–58.38); 56.8% were male, and the median length of stay was 5.23 days (CI95%: 5.06–5.39). In 56,884 (53.5%) patients, kidney or ureteral lithiasis were coded as the main diagnosis; the rest of the patients were coded mostly as direct complications of kidney or ureteral stones, such as “non-pecified renal colic”, “acute pyelonephritis”, or “tract urinary infection”. The hospitalization rate was 56.7 (CI95%: 56.3–57.01) patients per 100,000 inhabitants, showing neither a significant increasing nor decreasing trend, although it was influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The mortality rate was 1.6% (CI95%: 1.5–1.7), which was higher, if lithiasis was coded as a comorbidity (3.4% CI95%: 3.2–3.6). Metabolic syndrome diagnosis component codes increased the association with kidney lithiasis when age was higher, reaching the highest in the eighth decade of life. Age, diabetes, and hypertension or lithiasis coded as a comorbidity were the most common causes associated with the mortality of lithiasic patients. In Spain, the hospitalization rate of kidney lithiasis has remained stable during the period of study. The mortality rate in lithiasic patients is higher in elderly patients, being associated with urinary tract infections. Comorbidity conditions such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension are mortality predictors.
Poleward migration of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific and its regional impacts on rainfall in Asia

The region of Asia, which is surrounded by the western North Pacific (WNP), is one of the areas most affected by tropical cyclones (TCs). Since the 20th century, the characteristics and regional impact of TCs in this area have changed significantly, possibly due to global warming. However, the relationships between changes in the translation speed of TCs, poleward migration and TC‐induced rainfall in the WNPs have not been well investigated. Using daily precipitation and TC data from 1979 to 2020, this diagnostic study explored the poleward migration of TCs, changes in their TC translation speeds and the effects of TCs on countries along the Pacific Rim. Over the 42‐year study period, TCs experienced a decrease in intensity, lifespan, frequency and translation speeds and a northwestward migration in the genesis position, recurving position and tracks. However, the intensity and lifespan of high‐intensity TCs, which are defined as those with intensities exceeding 75% of all TCs, have increased significantly. Consequently, daily maximum precipitation of TCs decreased significantly with a τ value ranging from 0.294 to 0.442 for the M‐K test on inland China, the Philippines and Myanmar, but increased significantly with a τ value ranging from −0.410 to −0.615 in coastal areas of East Asia, especially China and northern Kalimantan Island, as confirmed by the distribution of TC‐induced precipitation. Our findings indicate that coastal East Asian countries are becoming increasingly vulnerable to high‐intensity TCs.
Influence of orientation ratio on reverse erase-edge noise and track-edge dipole distribution

The cross-track profile of media noise is measured on a precision spinstand for oriented and nonoriented media. These data are correlated with magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images to determine the location of track-edge noise with high spatial resolution. A significant component of track-edge noise is located in a narrow band at the edge of bits recorded in opposition to the previously saturation-erased direction. This reverse erase-edge noise (REEN) increases as orientation ratio increases. The magnitude and distribution of REEN is consistent with a reverse-dc-erase mechanism. /spl delta/M data indicate a greater influence of magnetostatic and/or exchange coupling for the oriented media. Together with larger on-track reverse-dc-erase noise and higher supralinear transition noise, these results suggest enhanced collective magnetization reversal for the oriented media relative to the nonoriented media. MFM images also reveal the presence of narrow magnetic-dipolar strips at the track edges. These dipolar strips are generated by cross-track components of the head field. The track-edge dipole moment decreases as orientation ratio increases due to preferential alignment of easy axes along the down-track direction. These dipoles contribute to base line shift and are not a significant source of media noise.
2D Navier-Stokes Shape Design Using a Level Set Method

Optimal aerodynamic shape design aims at finding the minimum of a functional by controlling the PDE modeling the flow using surface deformation techniques. As a solution to the enormous computational resources required for classical shape optimization of functionals of aerodynamic interest, probably the best strategy is to use in a systematic way, methods inspired in control theory. One of the key ingredients relies on the use of the adjoint system techniques to simplify the computation of gradients. In the present paper we will restrict our attention to optimal shape design in systems governed by the Navier-Stokes equations. We first review some standard facts on control theory applied to optimal shape design, and recall the Navier-Stokes equations in aerodynamical problems. We then study the adjoint formulation, providing a detailed exposition of how the derivatives of functionals may be obtained. Some relevant numerical issues will also be discussed. Finally, recent computational results applying a Level Set methodology are reviewed.