Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A cross sectional study to assess pharmacotherapeutic adherence among diabetes mellitus patients in tertiary care hospital

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that associated with abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism which results in chronic complications. Attainment of optimal blood sugar level is generally based on appropriate usage and proper adherence to prescribed medications. The study was, therefore, aimed to assess adherence to oral antidiabetic drugs among diabetic patients attending outpatient clinic of L. L. R. Hospital, G.S. V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, U.P.Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study design was conducted from April 2017 to June 2018. The data was collected by interviewing T2DM patients receiving antidiabetic medications using Morisky’s four item adherence assessment questionnaire. The collected data was processed and analyzed with SPSS version 20.Results: From the 126 patients of diabetes, when asked about adherence to their medications as per the Morisky's four item method, 114 (90.47%) of them did not forget to take the drugs, 108 (85.71%) of patients reported that they had been being careful in taking their medications, 90 (71.42%) patients did not stop medications when they felt better and the other 108 (85.71%) patients reported that they did not stop medications when they felt worse while taking medications. This study shows that 54 (42.86%) respondents were adherent to their medications.Conclusions: This study revealed a moderate level of adherence among the participants and statistically significantly depended upon their socioeconomic status. Efforts are needed to increase the medication adherence of these patients’, so they can realize the full advantage of prescribed therapies.
An intervariable approach to customer satisfaction and loyalty in the internet service market

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine a multidimensional model of customer perceived value (CPV), customer satisfaction (CS) and loyalty from internet subscribers’ perspectives. Design/methodology/approach In total, 1,297 out of 2,000 online surveys were valid for the analysis. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to assess the research constructs’ unidimensionality, validity and composite reliability. Structural path analysis was used to test the hypothesized relationships of the research model. Findings CPV positively affects functional and technical satisfaction as well as cognitive loyalty. Functional satisfaction positively affects technical satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty. Attitudinal loyalty positively affects cognitive and behavioral loyalty, and the latter positively affects cognitive loyalty. In total, 53 percent of variation in cognitive loyalty was caused by behavioral, attitudinal loyalty and perceived value path. Research limitations/implications Future research could investigate other outcomes of CS dimensions, such as customer lifetime value, customer retention, profitability, return on investment and market share, and their effects on customer loyalty (CL). Future research can also examine the effect of other dimensions of perceived customer value on CS and loyalty dimensions simultaneously. Other future research areas are also outlined. Practical implications CPV acts as a cornerstone to developing a successful multidimensional program of CL through functional and technical satisfactions. Marketing directors need to focus on building CL schemes and strategies that should take into consideration the long-term and short-term loyalty. Originality/value Theoretically, using an intervariable perspective, this paper has responded to important calls for conducting research on the chain of perceived value, CS and loyalty chain. Practically, this paper is the first empirical research devoted to developing an intervariable approach to the chain of perceived value, CS and loyalty in the internet service market.
Efficient strategies for changing the diapause character of silkworm eggs and for the germline transformation of diapause silkworm strains

Abstract To overcome the disadvantages of current silkworm Bombyx mori transgenic technology, such as costly and time‐consuming to maintain non‐diapause transgenic silkworms, we report here on the development of treatments for the germline transformation of diapause silkworm strains. Our results showed that HCl treatment within 3 h of oviposition was able to prevent the diapause of eggs from Japanese lineage diapause silkworm strains and was also suitable for germline transformation of the same strains. By incubating developing mother eggs from Chinese lineage diapause silkworm strains at 15°C (15°C‐IME), we were able to prevent the diapause of their daughter eggs; a similar strategy (15°C‐IMES) for the germline transformation of the same strains was that the mother eggs were incubated at 15°C, and the daughter eggs were then microinjected according to the conventional microinjection methods used for non‐diapause eggs. By combining temperature and light controls, the improved 15°C‐IMES strategy prevented diapause in daughter eggs, and also enabled the germline transformation of both Japanese and Chinese lineage diapause silkworm strains. Although each of the strategies developed here has advantages and disadvantages, we suggest that the 15°C‐IMES strategy is a good reference for the establishment of germline transformation technologies of other egg diapause insects. These new strategies for the efficient germline transformation of diapause silkworm strains are likely to improve the practical use of silkworm transgenic lines in sericulture and also highlight silkworm functional genomics research and its modeling.
Tourist Perceived Value, Relationship to Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions

Perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty are essential concepts for running a successful and profitable modern company, and therefore defining a model of perceived value and value dimensions is a primary goal of marketing management. The theoretical propositions in this article are tested in relation to the tourist destination of Dubrovnik, Croatia. The author has defined a model of tourist perceived value, satisfaction, and behavior intentions. The model was tested using the structural equation modeling. The results show a significant effect of perceived value on the satisfaction and intended future behavior of tourists. In addition, tourists’ perceived value associated with Dubrovnik was affected primarily by destination appearance, followed by the emotional experience, while the impact of cost was significantly lower.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE ROOT SYSTEM ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RATE OF TRANSPIRATION AND DEPRESSION OF LEAF WATER POTENTIAL

Summary The relationship between rate of transpiration and depression of water potential of the leaves (δψ1) was investigated with Gossypium hirsutum and Heliantlnis annum grown in water culture. (δψ1) was measured with a thermocouple psychrometer over a wide range of transpiration rates. The different transpiration rates were obtained by altering the environmental conditions in a climatological wind tunnel. At zero transpiration rate δψ1 was found to be 5.5 atm in H. annuus and 6.0 atm in Gossypium hirsutum. As the transpiration rate was raised, δψ1 rose steeply to a plateau in both species and remained at near to 9 atm within the transpiration range 0.4–2.4 g/dm2/hour. Thus within this range resistance in the plant declined in proportion to the transpiration rate. With transpirational fluxes greater than 2.4 g/dm2/hour, δψ1 rose, indicating little further decline in resistance. That the variable plant resistance is located in the roots was confirmed since plants with killed roots had a constant resistance, δψ1 exhibiting a linear relationship with transpiration. The resistance of the dead root system was much lower than that of living roots at low transpiration rates, but at high transpiration rates the resistance of living roots fell to about the same level as the dead roots. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error

The statistical tests used in the analysis of structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error are examined. A drawback of the commonly applied chi square test, in addition to the known problems related to sample size and power, is that it may indicate an increasing correspondence between the hypothesized model and the observed data as both the measurement properties and the relationship between constructs decline. Further, and contrary to common assertion, the risk of making a Type II error can be substantial even when the sample size is large. Moreover, the present testing methods are unable to assess a model's explanatory power. To overcome these problems, the authors develop and apply a testing system based on measures of shared variance within the structural model, measurement model, and overall model.
Cancer as a Chronic Disease with which Human can Coexist

The aim of the current study is to establish new physical tumor-markers for the effectiveness of the cancer therapy upon which human can coexist with cancer as a chronic disease. Doubling Time-Energy Conversion (DT-EC) during tumor formation and cancer therapy were investigated in groups of mice i.p. injected with (1x106) HeyA8 MDR cells and (2.5x105) HeyA8 cells, and treated by cell cycle specific drug (docetaxel) one week after tumor cell injection. Therapy for HeyA8 tumor model consisted of three groups: (a) Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), (b) Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) for Docetaxel (15 mg/kg every 2 weeks), (c) metronomic Docetaxel (0.5 mg/kg thrice weekly). Therapy for HeyA8 MDR tumor model consisted of two groups: (a) PBS, (b) MTD Docetaxel (15 mg/kg every 2 weeks) Mice were monitored for adverse effects and tumors were harvested after 3 to 4 weeks of therapy. Tumor of advanced stage (HeyA8 MDR model) was characterized by higher rate (1st derivative) of DT-EC (with respect to the doubling time) and faster deceleration (2nd derivative) of DT-EC (with respect to the doubling time). Energies yield by equivalent doses with same regimen (MTD) in both tumor models were identical regardless to tumor size or resistance. Metronomic regimen was more effective than the standard one in HeyA8 model. Despite the dose of the metronomic regimen (147μ g/mL) was about one fifth of that of the MTD of the standard one (840μ g/mL) the energy yield by the smaller dose was greater than that yield by the higher one with more reduction in the rate of DT-EC and more slowing for the DT-EC deceleration. Thus the effectiveness of the cancer therapy is assessed by how much the 1st derivative of DT-EC has been minimized and by how much the 2nd derivative of DT-EC has been slowed down to treat cancer as a chronic disease with which human can coexist as long as possible.
Antilarval and antimicrobial activity of waterborne metabolites of the sponge Callyspongia (Euplacella) pulvinata: evidence of allelopathy

Antilarval, antidiatom and antibacterial activity of sponge metabolites has been well documented in previous laboratory experiments. In this investigation we attempted to link the results of our earlier laboratory experiments of antifouling activity of the sponge Callyspongia (Euplacella) pulvinata (Porifera: Demospongiae, Haliclonidae) to those measured in the field. Our laboratory experiments showed that conditioned seawater (CSW) of the sponge strongly inhibited the growth of the benthic diatom Nitzschia paleaceae and the settlement of the tubeworm Hydroides elegans, but had no effect on the growth of 9 bacterial strains isolated from natural biofilms. When diluted 5 times, the CSW still exhibited antilarval and antidiatom activities. In field experiments, sponge specimens were placed within 13 and 50 cm of Petri dishes that were serving as attachment substrates for micro- and macrofouling organisms. Synthetic sponge-like material was used to mimic sponges for the con- trols. The results showed that after 7 d, diatom attachment on dishes placed in close vicinity to the sponge was inhibited. Bacterial densities on the experimental dishes did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from those in the control dishes. Microfouling communities, which developed on both experimental and control dishes in the field, had similar effects on the settlement of H. elegans under laboratory conditions. After 28 d, an early community had been established, consisting of 5 species of green algae, 2 species of brown algae, 2 species of red algae and 5 species of invertebrates. We found strong negative effects of the presence of sponges and the position of the plate on the total percent- age of cover, Shannon-Wiener diversity, as well as on the species richness of macrofouling commu- nities. In the experimental dishes, the percentage of coverage of both macroalgae (Ulva sp., Ectocar- pus sp., Enteromorpha sp., unidentified brown algae) and invertebrates (Obelia sp., H. elegans) decreased. ANOSIM (analysis of similarity) and a SIMPER (similarity percentage) analysis demon- strated that the composition of macrofoulers on the dishes were positively affected both by the pres- ence of a sponge and with decreasing distance from it. Our results suggest that waterborne com- pounds of C. pulvinata inhibit settlement of micro- and macrofoulers not only on its own surface but also on non-living surfaces nearby.
Survey, survival and control of Alternaria alternata in wheat seeds

The fungus Alternaria alternata was quantified in 75 wheat seed samples collected from three different regions of southern Brazil for Cropping and Use Value (CUV) I, II and III. Fungal presence was evaluated in two hundred disinfested seeds per sample before sowing in a potato-dextrose-agar medium + antibiotic (PDA+A). Fungus survival was evaluated every 45 days for 180 days for three seed batches from six wheat cultivars stored in propylene bags in a storehouse, with air temperature varying between 18 to 22 °C and relative air humidity around 60%. The efficacy of carboxin+thiram, difenoconazol, thiram, triadimenol, triticonazol and triticonazol + iprodione fungicides to control A. alternata was determined. A. alternata was detected in all the samples with an incidences of 39.6 %, 38.8% and 35.9% for the CUV I, CUV II and CUV III regions, respectively. The highest mean incidence of the fungus was found in the CUV I region, the coolest and most humid, and was significantly different from the other two regions. The average reduction in A. alternata viability in the wheat cultivar seeds was 49.5% during the 180 days of storage (inter-harvest period), demonstrating that infected seeds are the primary inoculum source for the fungus. The triticonazol + iprodione fungicide mixture efficiently controls A. alternata.
Effect of CO2-Concentration on the Accumulation of Starch and Sugar in Tomato Leaves

The carbohydrate content (starch, glucose and sucrose) in tomato plants grown in air Containing 0.04, 0.10, 0.15, 0.22, 0.32, or 0.50 vol. per cent CO2 was studied at 2 hours’ intervals over a period of 24 hours. The highest starch content was found at 0.22 vol. per cent CO2, while the highest content of soluble sugars were reached at a concentration of 0.10 vol. per cent CO2. A few observations of the morphogenic effects of carbon dioxide were also made.
Efficient Strategies for Maximizing Online Student Satisfaction: Applying Technologies to Increase Cognitive Presence, Social Presence, and Teaching Presence

As online learning continues to increase in popularity, it becomes more important to explore as many strategies and tools as possible to continually improve teaching and learning in the online modality. This paper explores the experiences of an online full time faculty member in the use of Flipgrid, Loom, Remind, and the Digital Breakout/Escape Room strategy. Each of these tools and strategies can help to decrease the factors of transactional distance and also provide opportunities to increase cognitive presence, social presence, and teaching presence to create a community of inquiry. Future research is needed to gain empirical evidence of the effects of using these tools and strategies, as well as others that were not discussed here.
Efficiency of Managerial Control Systems: The Optimal Model

The relevance of this research is associated with the difficulty of substantiating and selecting a certain managerial control model for a particular organization which would ensure the greatest efficiency of the entire system of its tools. When tailoring their control systems, organizations select from a number of various control tools. Meanwhile, not every one of the possible tool combinations will be efficient. The paper is aimed at giving grounds for a model that allows identifying the optimum managerial control system for a particular organization proceeding from parameters based on the theory of transaction costs. The leading method for researching this problem is mathematical modeling under partial uncertainty that allows getting an integrated view of the relationship of the basic control type and the criteria determining it. As a result of the research conducted, the authors have proven the use of result-oriented machine control type and action-oriented machine control type with the appropriate toolkit is justified for a number of aircraft engineering corporation divisions. The materials of the paper are of practical value for both the top management and various level managers of enterprises and organizations not only in aircraft engineering but in other industries too.
A Novel Intelligence-based e-Procurement System to offer Maximum Fairness Index in Ongoing Auction Process

A perfect auction policy is one of the most strategic elements that contribute to success factor for any e-Procurement system. An auction policy can be only term as an effective if it really offer win-win situation to both the bidder as well as to the merchant. After reviewing existing studies on e-Procurement system, it is found that there isno effective research work focusing on this point and maximum research contribution has limited its scope to certain application or case studis. Hence, the proposed system introduces a novel e-Procurement system which is equipped by an itelligence-building process for performing predictive analysis of ongoing auction process. A mathematical modelling is implemented where all teh variables have been formed using practical implementation of auction system and followed by optimization process using regression-based approach. The study outcome shows that proposed system offers better response time and higher predictive accuracy in contrast to existing approaches.
The High Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency across Australian Populations Is Only Partly Explained by Season and Latitude

Background Inadequate sun exposure and dietary vitamin D intake can result in vitamin D insufficiency. However, limited data are available on actual vitamin D status and predictors in healthy individuals in different regions and by season. Methods We compared vitamin D status [25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25(OH)D] in people < 60 years of age using data from cross-sectional studies of three regions across Australia: southeast Queensland (27°S; 167 females and 211 males), Geelong region (38°S; 561 females), and Tasmania (43°S; 432 females and 298 males). Results The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (≤ 50 nmol/L) in women in winter/spring was 40.5% in southeast Queensland, 37.4% in the Geelong region, and 67.3% in Tasmania. Season, simulated maximum daily duration of vitamin D synthesis, and vitamin D effective daily dose each explained around 14% of the variation in 25(OH)D. Although latitude explained only 3.9% of the variation, a decrease in average 25(OH)D of 1.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.7–1.3) nmol/L for every degree increase in latitude may be clinically relevant. In some months, we found a high insufficiency or even deficiency when sun exposure protection would be recommended on the basis of the simulated ultraviolet index. Conclusion Vitamin D insufficiency is common over a wide latitude range in Australia. Season appears to be more important than latitude, but both accounted for less than one-fifth of the variation in serum 25(OH)D levels, highlighting the importance of behavioral factors. Current sun exposure guidelines do not seem to fully prevent vitamin D insufficiency, and consideration should be given to their modification or to pursuing other means to achieve vitamin D adequacy.
Dynamics of photosynthesis in Eichhornia crassipes solms of Jiangsu of China and their influencing factors.

With LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system, the photosynthetic characteristics of artificially cultured Eichhornia crassipes in Jiangsu, China, were monitored from June 1 to November 14, 2009. Both the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in different positions and light and temperature-response curves of the top fourth leaf were measured in an open-circuit gas channel system in June, July, and August, respectively. The top third to sixth leaves matured with a high Pn in August, 2009. The values of the maximum net photosynthesis (Pmax), light component point (LCP) and apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of the top fourth leaf of E. crassipes were 34.5±0.72 and 20.25±3.6 μmol m -2 s -1 as well as 0.0532±0.0014, respectively, significantly higher than those in rice and maize. The light-saturation point (LSP) of leaves of E. crassipes was 2358±69 μmol m -2 s -1 , significantly higher than that in rice and much close to that in maize. The natural light intensity and temperatures in Jiangsu are suitable for E. crassipes to rapidly grow but not good enough for it to show the maximum internal photosynthetic capacity from the perspective of photosynthetic physiology, thus resulting in its low biomass in this region. Key words : Eichhornia crassipes , photosynthetic characteristics, environmental influencing factors.
Ultra structural characteristics of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus cell wall after affecting with lytic bacteriophages using atomic force microscopy

Objective(s): During the last years with increasing resistant bacteria to the most antibiotics bacteriophages are suggested as appropriate treatment option. To investigate lytic activity of bacteriophages there are indirect microbial procedures and direct methods. The present study to complement microbial procedures and investigate ultra-structural characteristics of infection bacterium-phage use atomic force microscopy technique. Materials and Methods: The Siphoviridae bacteriophages were isolated from sewage at the Tertiary Pediatric Hospital. Bacteriophages (10×108 PFU/ml) were diluted and were mixed with 100 μl of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591 (1.5×108 CFU/ml). The tubes were incubated for 20 min at 37 °C, at intervals 10 min, 10 μl samples were removed and directly were investigated MRSA ATCC morphology, roughness parameter, 3D topography, cell height, and fast Fourier transform (FFT) by atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. Concurrently turbidity assay were performed. Results: Concentration of MRSA ATCC No. 33591 strain after 10 min in phage-treated MRSA S3 (1.5×106 CFU/ml), S4 (1.5×105 CFU/ml), S5 (1.5×104 CFU/ml), S6 (1.5×103 CFU/ml) decreased 2-log, 3-log, 4-log, and 5-log respectively. The results AFM micrographs shown the most changes in bacterial morphology and 3D topography, destruction of cell wall, decrease of cell height, and loss of their shape after 10 min at phage-treated MRSA S3 (1.5×106 CFU/ml), S4 (1.5×105 CFU/ml), S5 (1.5×104 CFU/ml), S6 (1.5×103 CFU/ml) respectively . Conclusion: In this study MRSA ATCC ultra-structural changes in phage-treated MRSA ATCC groups directly were detected using AFM technique.