Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A process-oriented regression model for column ozone

[1] Multiple regression models for time series of ozone column measurements have been a standard tool of atmospheric sciences for decades. We propose a new model, which is based on a process-oriented approach and captures all major processes relevant to the change of stratospheric ozone column. These are assumed to be short- and long-term changes by tropospheric and stratospheric pressure systems, the residual circulation, homogeneous and heterogeneous halogen chemistry, aerosols, the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), and the solar cycle. Daily ozone data are taken from 49 stations of the Dobson photometer network covering polar, middle, and equatorial latitudes. A focus is placed on dynamical changes in midlatitudes. Results show that the trend in ozone column between 1970 and 2003 is dominated by halogen chemistry in midlatitudes (up to −1.4 ± 0.5 DU/year or −4.1%/decade in winter) but that there are also significant trends of other origin in some regions of the world. These trends are mainly caused by changes in horizontal advection and convergence or divergence of mass, which are both related to trends in tropospheric and lower stratospheric pressure systems like the Icelandic low (represented by a proxy based on a vertically integrated equivalent latitude profile). This dynamical contribution to the trend depends both on month and longitude and varies between −0.7 ± 0.2 DU/year (−1.9%/decade) and 0.4 ± 0.2 DU/year (1.1%/decade). Another influence on trends in midlatitudes is dilution of polar vortex air (described by a proxy based on the volume of polar stratospheric clouds). The trend in the dilution proxy reaches up to −0.2 ± 0.15 DU/year (−0.6%/decade) in all midlatitude regions during late spring.
Surgical Revascularization Is Associated With Maximal Survival in Patients With Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation A 20-Year Experience

percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), or CABG plus mitral valve repair or replacement . Kaplan-Meier methods and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to assess the relationship between treatment strategy and survival, with the use of propensity scores to account for nonrandom treatment assignment. A total of 4989 patients were included: medical treatment alone=36%, percutaneous coronary intervention=26%, CABG=33%, and CABG plus mitral valve repair or replacement=5%. Median follow-up was 5.37 years. Compared with medical treatment alone, significantly lower mortality was observed in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.92; P =0.0002), CABG (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.51–0.62; P <0.0001), and CABG plus mitral valve repair or replacement (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.57–0.82; P <0.0001). There was no significant difference in these results based on mitral regurgitation severity.
Criterion Delineating the Mode of Headcut Migration

Two modes of headcut migration are generally recognized: (1) rotating headcuts that tend to flatten as they migrate; and (2) stepped headcuts that tend to retain nearly vertical faces. A mathematical description of the sediment detachment potential immediately upstream and downstream of the headcut is used to delineate these modes of migration. The delineating parameter is the ratio of the time required to erode the headcut face from above to the time required to undermine the headcut face from below. This erosional time-scale ratio is a dimensionless function of flow, sediment, and geometry parameters. For the limiting case of homogeneous cohesive soils, the time-scale ratio is a simple function of a Froude number and the aspect ratio of drop height to normal flow depth. This relationship is calibrated using original laboratory experiments of headcut migration in initially vertical headcuts and verified by independent field experiments of headcuts propagating in four different homogeneous cohesive soils.
Positive feedback between PGE 2 and COX2 redirects the differentiation of human dendritic cells toward stable myeloid-derived suppressor cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) show opposing roles in the immune system. In the presentstudy,wereportthattheestablish-ment of a positive feedback loop between prostaglandinE 2 (PGE 2 )andcyclooxygen-ase 2 (COX2), the key regulator of PGE 2 synthesis,representsthedeterminingfac-tor in redirecting the development of CD1a (cid:1) DCs to CD14 (cid:1) CD33 (cid:1) CD34 (cid:1) monocytic MDSCs. Exogenous PGE 2 and such diverse COX2 activators as lipopolysaccharide, IL-1 (cid:2) , and IFN (cid:3) all induce monocyte expression of COX2, blocking their differentiation into CD1a (cid:1) DCs and inducing endogenous PGE 2 , IDO1, IL-4R (cid:4) , NOS2, and IL-10, typical MDSC-associated suppressivefactors.TheadditionofPGE 2 to GM-CSF/IL-4–supplemented monocyte cultures is sufﬁcient to induce the MDSC phenotype and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)– suppressive function. In accordance with the key role of PGE 2 in the physiologic inductionofhumanMDSCs,thefrequencies of CD11b (cid:1) CD33 (cid:1) MDSCs in ovarian cancer are closely correlated with local PGE 2 production, whereas the cancer-promoted induction of MDSCs is strictly COX2 depen-dent.ThedisruptionofCOX2-PGE 2 feedback using COX2 inhibitors or EP2 and EP4 antagonists suppresses the production of MDSC-associated suppressive factors and the CTL-inhibitory function of fully devel-opedMDSCsfromcancerpatients.Thecen- tralroleofCOX2-PGE 2 feedbackintheinduc-tion and persistence of MDSCs highlights thepotentialforitsmanipulationtoenhance or suppress immune responses in cancer, autoimmunity, or transplantation. ( Blood . 2011;118(20):5498-5505)
Title : Locomotor muscle fatigue is not critically regulated after prior upper body exercise

Title: Locomotor muscle fatigue is not critically regulated after prior upper body exercise 1 2 Authors: Johnson MA, Sharpe GR, Williams NC , Hannah R 3 4 Affiliations: Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, 5 Department of Sports Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent 6 University, Nottingham, UK; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement 7 Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK. 8
Surface Integral Schemes for Fluid Flow and Induced Stresses Around Fractures in Underground Reservoirs

Reasonable estimates of hydraulic fracture profiles and propagation rates cannot be made without considering fluid exchange, or fluid flow. In this paper, fluid loss and the subsequent backstress caused by it are characterized for stationary and propagating fractures. The model is applied to the case of a single fluid, two fluids, and a model where the fluid flows out of the well. The fluid exchange between fracture and reservoir is found by solving an integral representation of the flow in the reservoir.
A20 is an immune tolerance factor that can determine islet transplant outcomes

Islet transplantation can restore lost glycemic control in type 1 diabetes subjects, but is restricted in its clinical application by limiting supplies of islets and the need for heavy immune suppression to prevent rejection. TNFAIP3, encoding the ubiquitin editing enzyme A20, regulates the activation of immune cells by raising NF-κB signalling thresholds. Here we show that increasing A20 expression in allogeneic islet grafts resulted in permanent survival for ~45 % of recipients, and >80% survival when combined with subtherapeutic rapamycin. Allograft survival was dependent upon regulatory T cells, was antigen-specific and grafts showed reduced expression of inflammatory factors, but increased TGFβ and IL-10. By analysing islets expressing an A20 coding mutation (I325N) that cripples A20’s OTU ubiquitin editing domain, we found that A20 regulates intra-graft RIPK1 levels to modulate NF-κB signalling. Transplantation of I325N islets resulted in increased NF-κB signalling, graft hyper-inflammation and acute allograft rejection. Neonatal porcine islets (NPI) represent a clinical alternative islet source but are readily rejected. However, forced A20 expression reduced NPI inflammation and increased their function after transplantation. Therapeutic administration of A20 raises NF-κB signalling thresholds and promotes islet allogeneic survival. Clinically this would allow for reduced immunosuppression supporting the use of alternate islet sources.
Compounding effects of warm sea surface temperature and reduced sea ice on the extreme circulation over the extratropical North Pacific and North America during the 2013–2014 boreal winter

Unprecedented atmospheric circulations with extreme weather were observed in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere during the winter of 2013–2014. The anomalous circulations were the manifestation of the Pacific pattern or the North Pacific Oscillation/Western Pacific pattern but with extremely large amplitude. Simulation results suggest that the anomalous atmospheric circulations were constructively induced by anomalous sea surface temperature in the tropical Pacific and extratropical North Pacific, as well as the low sea ice concentration in the Arctic. Natural variability played a major role in inducing the anomaly pattern, whereas the anomalously warm sea surface temperature and low Arctic sea ice concentration in the Bering Sea contributed to the intensity. If the anthropogenic warming has a significant impact on causing the synchronization of the aforementioned anomalies in sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration and this trend continues, severe winters similar to that in 2013–2014 may occur more frequently in the future.
Uncertainty analysis of the rainfall runoff model LisFlood within the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE)

Abstract The uncertainty of the GIS based rainfall runoff model LisFlood has been investigated within the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) framework. Multipliers for the saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, the porosity of the upper and lower soil layer, channel and overland flow roughness and the maximum percolation from upper to lower storages have been sampled within a Monte Carlo analysis from a uniform random distribution. With each parameter set the model has been computed with input for the 1995 flood event of the river Meuse situated in France, Belgium and The Netherlands. Eight gauging stations have been used for model evaluation by the Multicomponent Mapping (M x ) method. All parameters demonstrate equifinality and no parameter set could be classified as behavioural for all the evaluation datasets. However, the results of the prediction of uncertainty percentiles on the flow are very satisfactory and encouraging. The model did further show the capability to predict the uncertainty for estimating the exceedence of threshold levels, which can be used in flood warning decision making and river basin management.
Vaccination of Infants with Meningococcal Group B Vaccine (4CMenB) in England.

BACKGROUND In September 2015, the United Kingdom introduced the multicomponent meningococcal group B vaccine (4CMenB, Bexsero) into its publicly funded national immunization program at a reduced two-dose priming schedule for infants, with a 12-month booster. METHODS Using data from enhanced national surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease in England, we evaluated the effect of vaccination on the incidence of meningococcal group B disease during the first 3 years of the program. The effect of vaccination was assessed by comparing the observed incidence of disease with the expected incidence based on the incidence during the 4-year prevaccination period in equivalent cohorts and with the use of disease trends in cohorts of children younger than 5 years of age who were not eligible to receive the vaccine. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated with the use of the indirect screening method. RESULTS 4CMenB uptake in England remained consistently high; data from the first 3 months of 2018 showed that 92.5% of children had completed the primary immunizations by their first birthday and 87.9% had received all three doses by 2 years. From September 2015 through August 2018, the incidence of meningococcal group B disease in England (average annual birth cohort, approximately 650,000 infants) was significantly lower in vaccine-eligible cohorts than the expected incidence (63 observed cases as compared with 253 expected cases; incidence rate ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 0.36), with a 75% reduction in age groups that were fully eligible for vaccination. The adjusted vaccine effectiveness against meningococcal group B disease was 52.7% (95% CI, -33.5 to 83.2) with a two-dose priming schedule for infants and 59.1% (95% CI, -31.1 to 87.2) with a two-dose priming schedule plus a booster at 1 year). Over the 3-year period, there were 169 cases of meningococcal group B disease in the vaccine-eligible cohorts, and an estimated 277 cases (95% CI, 236 to 323) were prevented. CONCLUSIONS The 4CMenB program was associated with continued positive effect against meningococcal group B disease in children in England, and protection after three doses of the vaccine was sustained for at least 2 years. (Funded by Public Health England.).
Experimental evidence linking slip instability with seafloor lithology and topography at the Costa Rica convergent margin

Seismicity patterns offshore Costa Rica (Central America) at the Middle America Trench have led to speculation that large (moment magnitude, M w ∼7.0) earthquakes are associated with subducting topographic highs. In areas of high basement topography, a regionally extensive nannofossil chalk unit is exposed at the seafloor on the incoming plate, whereas in regions of low basement topography, hemipelagic clay-rich sediment is exposed. Because the entire sediment section is subducted at this margin, lithologic variation in the uppermost subducting sediments may control plate boundary fault behavior. Our laboratory experiments reveal that the chalk is frictionally strong (µ = 0.71–0.88) and characterized by velocity-weakening and stick-slip behavior, notably at elevated temperature. In contrast, the hemipelagic sediment is weak (µ = 0.22–0.35) and in many cases velocity strengthening. We suggest that the presence of frictionally unstable carbonates at bathymetric highs may play a key, previously unrecognized, role in governing earthquake nucleation.
A case of primary Sjögren’s syndrome complicated with inflammatory myopathy and interstitial lung disease

Title A case of primary Sjögren's syndrome complicated with inflammatory myopathy and interstitial lung disease. Author(s) Koga, Tomohiro; Kouhisa, Yukiko; Nakamura, Hideki; Mizokami, Akinari; Motomura, Masakatsu; Kawakami, Atsushi; Eguchi, Katsumi Citation Rheumatology international, Article in Press Issue Date 2010 URL http://hdl.handle. net/10069/23190 Right © Springer-Verlag 2010 NAOSITE: Nagasaki University's Academic Output SITE
OIL CHARGE HISTORY OF BITUMENS OF DIFFERING MATURITIES IN EXHUMED PALAEOZOIC RESERVOIR ROCKS AT TIANJINGSHAN, NW SICHUAN BASIN, SOUTHERN CHINA

Low‐maturity soft bitumen (or biodegraded heavy oil) and higher maturity solid bitumen are present in Palaeozoic siliciclastics at Tianjingshan in the NW Sichuan Basin, southern China. The origin of these bitumens of variable maturities was investigated. Samples of low‐maturity bitumen from Lower Devonian sandstones and high‐ and low‐maturity bitumen from Upper Cambrian siltstones were analysed to investigate their organic geochemistry and stable isotope compositions. Lower Cambrian and Upper Permian black shales were also investigated to assess their source rock potential, and the burial and maturation history of potential source rocks was modelled using PetroMod. Liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon fluid inclusions in the Devonian sandstones were analysed.
Quelques Chitinozoaires et Acritarches ordoviciens supérieurs de la Formation d White Head en Gaspésie, Québec

Chitinozoan and acritarch assemblages from Caradocian and Ashgillian strata forming part of the White Head Formation of the Perce region, Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec, contain species known from the central United States, eastern Canada, and northwestern Europe. One new species, Orthosphaeridium gaspesianum, is described.
Improving Generative Adversarial Networks with Denoising Feature Matching

We propose an augmented training procedure for generative adversarial networks designed to address shortcomings of the original by directing the generator towards probable configurations of abstract discriminator features. We estimate and track the distribution of these features, as computed from data, with a denoising auto-encoder, and use it to propose high-level targets for the generator. We combine this new loss with the original and evaluate the hybrid criterion on the task of unsupervised image synthesis from datasets comprising a diverse set of visual categories, noting a qualitative and quantitative improvement in the “objectness” of the resulting samples.
MultiP-SChlo: multi-label protein subchloroplast localization prediction with Chou's pseudo amino acid composition and a novel multi-label classifier

MOTIVATION Identifying protein subchloroplast localization in chloroplast organelle is very helpful for understanding the function of chloroplast proteins. There have existed a few computational prediction methods for protein subchloroplast localization. However, these existing works have ignored proteins with multiple subchloroplast locations when constructing prediction models, so that they can predict only one of all subchloroplast locations of this kind of multilabel proteins. RESULTS To address this problem, through utilizing label-specific features and label correlations simultaneously, a novel multilabel classifier was developed for predicting protein subchloroplast location(s) with both single and multiple location sites. As an initial study, the overall accuracy of our proposed algorithm reaches 55.52%, which is quite high to be able to become a promising tool for further studies. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION An online web server for our proposed algorithm named MultiP-SChlo was developed, which are freely accessible at http://biomed.zzuli. edu.cn/bioinfo/multip-schlo/. CONTACT pandaxiaoxi@gmail.com or gzli@tongji.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A meta-analysis of social capital and health

BACKGROUND: Social capital is the term used to describe the results of social relationships formed by reciprocal exchanges among members of social networks such as religious, political, and other kinds of organizations. Research about this complex, widely debated concept has focused on cognitive and structural measures formed around several broad constructs: sense of community; trust and reciprocity; social support; social networks; participation; and collective efficacy. These constructs can be analyzed using individual, ecological, and multilevel analyses. However, the social capital literature provides little evidence about the relationship between social capital and health or the causes and consequences of this relationship. This lack can be attributed to definition and measurement issues within the literature, which also sustain the question of what the health benefits are from social capital. METHODS: Using a meta-analysis to examine the breadth of the social capital literature, I seek to characterize the literature and provide an overall estimated effect size that statistically describes the relationship between social capital and health. RESULTS: Meta-analysis of studies cited in the literature shows a modest positive relationship between social capital and self-reported health, social capital and all-cause mortality, and also significant, previously unexamined differences among the studies themselves: first, whether they reported an effect size or if an effect size was estimated; and second, there was a marginal difference in whether they focused on self-reported health or all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: There is a modest positive association between social capital and health which suggests unexplained factors that drive the relationship between social capital and health. PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this study indicate a need for social capital research to clearly define its constructs and measures and to provide more evidence about the relationship between social capital and health. Future research should identify micro- to macro-level factors that can influence this relationship. Such evidence can guide the design of future studies that seek to increase the stock of social capital for individuals and communities.
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 595 Practicing Plastic Surgeons, Fellows, Residents, and Medical Students

Background: Despite a heightened appreciation for wellness in medicine, there exists little information specific to plastic surgery. The purpose of this research was to assess happiness within the field of plastic surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in July of 2017 by distributing an American Society of Plastic Surgeons sponsored survey to a random cohort of current practicing American Society of Plastic Surgeons members, residents and fellows. In addition, the same survey was sent to medical students applying to integrated plastic surgery residency. Total happiness scores (Subjective Happiness Scale) were averaged and compared between and within surveyed groups. Results: A total of 595 individuals completed surveys, including 287 practicing surgeons, 116 residents, 12 fellows, and 180 medical students. Differences in happiness scores between the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.01). For practicing physicians, happiness scores were significantly greater for those more than 20 years out from training (P < 0.01). Furthermore, a significantly positive correlation was found between practice expectations coming out of residency and happiness scores (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.2; P < 0.01). Conclusions: Despite the prevalence of burnout and mental health disorders associatedwith a career in medicine, plastic surgeons and trainees report high levels of happiness. Practicing plastic surgeons report increased happiness further out from training and when meeting practice expectations coming out of training. Otherwise, there were no significant differences in happiness between groups. Regarding sex, it is encouraging to report no significant sex discrepancies with happiness in a field where women still face significant adversity.
Geochemistry of the Coastal Sonora batholith, Northwestern Mexico

New major- and trace-element and radiogenic Sr and Nd data from granitic rocks help to characterize the geochemical composition of the Coastal Sonora batholith, which represents the westernmost portion of the Laramide Magmatic arc (~8040 Ma) in Mexico. Compared with more inland-located regions of the arc in central and eastern Sonora (Inner Granites), the plutons within the coastal batholith have higher MgO, FeO, and CaO and lower K2O contents, and tend to be more depleted in Nb, U, and to a lesser extent Rb, but relatively enriched in Sr. These rocks display flatter slopes of rare-earth elements, with La abundances around 80 to 200 times chondrite values and smaller but well-developed negative Eu anomalies. Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and eNd values from a few studied samples of the Coastal Sonora batholith range from 0.70586 to 0.70679 and from 2.3 to 4.7, respectively. These isotopic signatures allow recognition of a more mantle-related magma source for this batholith as compared with the Inner Granite.