Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting nursing error communication in intensive care units: A qualitative study

Background: Error communication includes both reporting errors to superiors and disclosing their consequences to patients and their families. It significantly contributes to error prevention and safety improvement. Yet, some errors in intensive care units are not communicated. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to explore factors affecting error communication in intensive care units. Design and participants: This qualitative study was conducted in 2019. Participants were 17 critical care nurses purposively recruited from the intensive care units of 2 public hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and were analyzed through the conventional content analysis method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Ethical considerations: The Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran approved the study (code: IR.IUMS. REC.1397.792). Participants were informed about the study aim and methods and were ensured of data confidentiality. They were free to withdraw from the study at will. Written informed consent was obtained from all of them. Findings: Factors affecting error communication in intensive care units fell into four main categories, namely the culture of error communication (subcategories were error communication organizational atmosphere, clarity of processes and guidelines, managerial support for nurses, and learning organization), the consequences of errors for nurses and nursing (subcategories were fear over being stigmatized as incompetent, fear over punishment, and fear over negative judgments about nursing), the consequences of errors for patients (subcategories were monitoring the effects of errors on patients and predicting the effects of errors on patients), and ethical and professional characteristics (subcategories were ethical characteristics and inter-professional relationships). Discussion: The results of this study show many factors affect error communication, some facilitate and some prohibit it. Organizational factors such as the culture of error communication and the consequences of error communication for the nurse and the patient, as well as individual and professional characteristics, including ethical characteristics and interprofessional relationship, influence this process. Conclusion: Errors confront nurses with ethical challenges and make them assess error consequences and then, communicate or hide them based on the results of their assessments. Health authorities can promote nurses’ error communication through creating a supportive environment for them, developing clear error communication processes and guidelines, and providing them with education about the principles of ethical practice.
Evaluation of the performance of maize hybrids, improved open-pollinated and farmers' local varieties under well-watered and drought stress conditions1

Elite genetic materials developed at IITA from diverse sources of germplasm through wide testing at multiple locations and farmers' local varieties may represent good sources of desirable traits for tolerance to drought. The performance of 30 hybrids and 30 improved open-pollinated (OP) varieties from IITA as well as 30 farmers' local varieties from Ghana and Nigeria were evaluated under moisture deficit and well-watered condition in 1999 and 2000. Moisture deficit significantly affected the number of ears per plant, grain yield, days to silk and anthesis-silking interval. Group, genotype, test environment and interaction of genotype with test environment also affected these traits. However, genotype ranks between years were significantly correlated for almost all the traits recorded in each irrigation treatment. The genotypes in each group exhibited marked differences in drought susceptibility index (DSI) for grain yield. The relationship between DSI and grain yield under well-watered conditions was very weak. Consequently, some hybrids, improved OP varieties and farmers' local varieties with similar yield potential and days to anthesis under well-watered condition exhibited marked differences in DSI and grain yield under moisture deficit. The best genotypes with superior performance under moisture deficit were identified from this study for further use in breeding for drought tolerance. On the average, hybrids and improved OP varieties were significantly better than farmers' local varieties for grain yield and other traits both in the presence and absence of moisture deficit. Principal component analysis was effective in separating farmers' local varieties from hybrids and improved OP varieties in the two irrigation treatments. The same set of traits contributed significantly to the first two principal component axes both under moisture deficit and well-watered conditions. Although testing at multiple locations was effective in improving the yield potential and other traits of hybrids and improved OP varieties under moisture deficit, greater gain for tolerance to drought would be realised by selecting under carefully controlled drought stress.
Long non-coding RNA ARAP1-AS1 promotes the proliferation and migration in cervical cancer through epigenetic regulation of DUSP5

ABSTRACT Emerging reports have indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in multiple cancers, containing cervical cancer. LncRNA ARAP1 antisense RNA 1 (ARAP1-AS1) was previously identified as a tumor-promoter in bladder cancer. However, the expression profile and possible modulation mechanism of ARAP1-AS1 in cervical cancer need to be further studied. In the current research, ARAP1-AS1 was discovered to exhibit a high level in cervical cancer cells. Besides, the knockdown of ARAP1-AS1 repressed cell proliferative and migratory capacities in cervical cancer, as detected by loss-of-function assays including CCK-8, EdU, colony formation, and transwell assays. Additionally, dual-specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5), lowly expressed in cervical cancer cells, was found to be negatively modulated by ARAP1-AS1. In subsequence, mechanism experiments proved that ARAP1-AS1 recruited enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2) to regulate DUSP5 expression. Finally, rescue assays certified the oncogenic function of ARAP1-AS1/EZH2/DUSP5 axis in cervical cancer. This research probed the expression level and regulatory mechanism of ARAP1-AS1 underlying cervical cancer, which might shed novel lights into the exploration on cervical cancer treatment.
Awareness, trial and use of heated tobacco products among adult cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users: findings from the 2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey

Objective To evaluate heated tobacco product (HTP) awareness, trial and current use among adult cigarette smokers and vaping product users in four countries with varying regulations governing HTP sales. Design Data came from Wave 2 of the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey, collected from February to July 2018. Respondents were current and former smokers and/or users of vaping products (18 years or older) from Canada (CA; n=3778), England (EN; n=4848), the USA (US; n=2846) and Australia (AU; n=1515). At the time of the survey, only Canada and England permitted the sale of contemporary HTPs (eg, IQOS). Results Overall, 30.2% of respondents reported being aware of HTPs (CA=30.4%; EN=31.0%; US=30.2%; AU=27.4%; p=0.346), 2.4% had ever tried HTPs (CA=3.3%; EN=2.4%; US=2.0%; AU=0.9%; p=0.001) and 0.9% currently used HTPs at least monthly (CA=0.8%; EN=1.2%; US=0.7%; AU=0.2%; p<0.001). Trial and current use were higher among those who concurrently smoked and vaped (at least monthly) versus other nicotine use categories (trial: 10.9% v. 1.2%–2.0%, p<0.001; current use: 8.4% v. 0.1%–1.0%, p<0.001). In multivariable analyses, HTP awareness did not differ across countries, whereas odds of trial and current use were lower where HTPs were unavailable. Odds of HTP trial did not differ by regulatory environment when restricting analysis to HTP-aware concurrent smokers–vapers. Conclusion Approximately one third of respondents were aware of HTPs, even in the USA and Australia, where contemporary HTPs were not yet on the market. Trial and use were uncommon, except among concurrent smokers–vapers. Restrictions on availability may have limited HTP use generally, but less so for concurrent smokers–vapers.
Properties of the tombusvirus movement protein and RNAi suppressor that influence pathogenesis

Properties of the Tombusvirus Movement Protein and RNAi Suppressor That Influence Pathogenesis. (August 2008) Yi-Cheng Hsieh, B.S., Fu Jen Catholic University; M.S., National Taiwan University, Taiwan Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Herman B. Scholthof Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) provides a good model system to investigate molecular virus-host interactions in plants. P22 and P19 proteins encoded by TBSV contribute to multiple invasion-associated functions. Green fluorescence-mediated visualization of TBSV invasion in this study suggests that virus exit from inoculated epidermal cells is a crucial event. Close examination of one P22 mutant showed that it had lost the capacity to move between epidermis and mesophyll which was possibly due to an altered subcellular localization. P19 is a potent suppressor of RNA interference (RNAi) in various systems by forming dimers that bind 21-nucleotide (nt) duplex siRNAs (short interfering RNAs), to affect the programming of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). P19 is attractive for biotechnological and research purposes to prevent RNAi of certain value-added genes in plants. To obtain a good plant-based expression platform, a suppression-active mutant P19 was expressed in transgenic N. benthamiana lines. This is the first example of P19 accumulating to detectable levels in a transgenic plant and initial results suggest it is actively suppressing RNAi. Furthermore, to investigate the correlation between siRNA binding of P19 and its various biological roles, predicted siRNA-interacting sites of TBSV P19 were modified, and the corresponding
High-Intensity Interval Training Is Effective at Increasing Exercise Endurance Capacity and Is Well Tolerated by Adults with Cystic Fibrosis

Background: To optimize outcomes in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), guidelines recommend 30 to 60 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on most days. Accumulating this volume of exercise contributes importantly to the substantial treatment burden associated with CF. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on exercise capacity in people with CF. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included people with CF aged ≥15 years, who were allocated to either eight weeks of thrice-weekly 10-min sessions of HIIT (experimental group) or eight weeks of weekly contact (control group). Before and after the intervention period, participants completed measurements of time to symptom limitation (Tlim) during a constant work rate cycle ergometry test (primary outcome), and maximal work rate (Wmax) during a ramp-based cycle ergometry test and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: Fourteen participants (median (IQR) age 31 (28, 35) years, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) 61 (45, 80) % predicted) were included (seven in each group). Compared to the control group, participants in the experimental group demonstrated a greater magnitude of change in Tlim, Wmax (p = 0.017 for both) and in the physical function domain of HRQoL (p = 0.03). No other between-group differences were demonstrated. Mild post-exercise muscle soreness was reported on a single occasion by four participants. Overall, participants attended 93% of all HIIT sessions. Discussion: Eight weeks of low-volume (i.e., 30-min/week) HIIT produced gains in exercise capacity and self-reported physical function and was well tolerated by people with CF.
Norovirus and rotavirus in children hospitalised with diarrhoea after rotavirus vaccine introduction in Burkina Faso

Abstract Several studies report norovirus as the new leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children after the global introduction of rotavirus vaccines. Burkina Faso introduced general rotavirus vaccination with the oral pentavalent vaccine RotaTeq in November 2013 and quickly reached a vaccine coverage of >90%. This study describes detection rates, clinical profiles and the molecular epidemiology of norovirus and rotavirus infections in 146 children aged <5 years with severe acute gastroenteritis in Ouagadougou, consecutively enrolled from a hospital between January 2015 and December 2015. Virus detection was performed with an antigen test or real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyping was performed by nucleotide sequencing or multiplex PCR. Rotavirus was found in 14% and norovirus in 20% of faecal samples. Norovirus infection was significantly more associated with severe dehydration compared to rotavirus (P < 0.001). Among genotyped norovirus samples 48% (12/25) belonged to GII.4 which caused significantly more diarrhoeal episodes than non-GII.4 genotypes (P = 0.01). The most common rotavirus genotypes were G2P[4] (30%), G12P[6] (25%) and G12P[8] (20%). Fifty percent of the rotavirus positive children were infected with fully or partly heterotypic strains. In conclusion, this study found a higher proportion of norovirus causing more severe symptoms in children with diarrhoea in Burkina Faso after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination.
Machine Learning in Meningioma MRI: Past to Present. A Narrative Review

Meningioma is one of the most frequent primary central nervous system tumors. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is the standard radiologic technique for provisional diagnosis and surveillance of meningioma, it nevertheless lacks the prima facie capacity in determining meningioma biological aggressiveness, growth, and recurrence potential. An increasing body of evidence highlights the potential of machine learning and radiomics in improving the consistency and productivity and in providing novel diagnostic, treatment, and prognostic modalities in neuroncology imaging. The aim of the present article is to review the evolution and progress of approaches utilizing machine learning in meningioma MRI‐based sementation, diagnosis, grading, and prognosis. We provide a historical perspective on original research on meningioma spanning over two decades and highlight recent studies indicating the feasibility of pertinent approaches, including deep learning in addressing several clinically challenging aspects. We indicate the limitations of previous research designs and resources and propose future directions by highlighting areas of research that remain largely unexplored.
Worldwide Use of RUCAM for Causality Assessment in 81,856 Idiosyncratic DILI and 14,029 HILI Cases Published 1993–Mid 2020: A Comprehensive Analysis

Background: A large number of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (iDILI) and herb induced liver injury(HILI) cases of variable quality has been published but some are a matter of concern if the cases were not evaluated for causality using a robust causality assessment method (CAM) such as RUCAM (Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method) as diagnostiinjuryc algorithm. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the worldwide use of RUCAM in iDILI and HILI cases. Methods: The PubMed database (1993–30 June 2020) was searched for articles by using the following key terms: Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method; RUCAM; Idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury; iDILI; Herb induced liver injury; HILI. Results: Considering reports published worldwide since 1993, our analysis showed the use of RUCAM for causality assessment in 95,885 cases of liver injury including 81,856 cases of idiosyncratic DILI and 14,029 cases of HILI. Among the top countries providing RUCAM based DILI cases were, in decreasing order, China, the US, Germany, Korea, and Italy, with China, Korea, Germany, India, and the US as the top countries for HILI. Conclusions: Since 1993 RUCAM is certainly the most widely used method to assess causality in IDILI and HILI. This should encourage practitioner, experts, and regulatory agencies to use it in order to reinforce their diagnosis and to take sound decisions.
Autism research is 'all about the blokes and the kids': Autistic women breaking the silence on menopause.

OBJECTIVES The menopause is a major transition marked by considerable challenges to health and well-being. Its impact on autistic women has been almost largely ignored but is of significant concern, given the poorer physical and mental health, emotion regulation and coping skills, and the common social isolation of this group. We aimed to explore awareness and perception of the menopause; menopausal experiences and their impact across each individual's life; ways that menopause with autism might differ from a non-autistic menopause; and what optimal support might look like. DESIGN A qualitative interview study. METHODS Comprehensive interviews were conducted with 17 autistic participants (16 of whom identified as cisgender women). Inductive thematic analysis was used, guided by IPA principles and literature. RESULTS Four major themes were identified: (1) covering the long journey of our participants to recognizing autism in adulthood; (2) menopausal awareness and perceptions; (3) symptoms and their impact; and (4) ways that a neurodiverse menopause might differ from the norm. Menopausal experiences varied greatly and some participants experienced marked deterioration in daily function and coping skills, mental health, and social engagement. Menopausal awareness was often low, so too was confidence in help from health care professionals. CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate the potential for menopause to severely compromise health and well-being of autistic people and indicate an area of underserved support needs.
Population based frequency of naturally occurring loss‐of‐function variants in genes associated with platelet disorders

Essentials The frequency of predicted loss‐of‐function (pLoF) variants in platelet‐associated genes is unknown in the general population. Datasets like Genome Aggregation Database allow us to analyze pLoF variants with increased resolution. Expected prevalence of significant pLoF variants in platelet‐associated genes in 0.329% in the general population. Platelet‐associated genes that cause phenotypes due to haploinsufficiency are significantly depleted for deleterious variation.
Increased Overall Heart Rate Irregularity Risk by Hyperuricemia in the General Population: Results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Background and objectives: Hyperuricemia is one of the well-known cardiovascular risk factors. There is a growing interest in the association between hyperuricemia and arrhythmia. We used the representative sample data of Korean population to study the association between hyperuricemia and heart rate irregularity (HRI) that reflects total arrhythmia. Materials and Methods: We performed weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess the association between hyperuricemia and HRI. Results: Of the 10,827 subjects, 1308 (13.2%) had hyperuricemia and 130 (1%) had HRI. In the presence of hyperuricemia, HRI was three times higher than that in the absence of hyperuricemia (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.71–5.18). The risk of HRI was highest in subjects with both hypertension and hyperuricemia. In the subgroup analysis, the association of hyperuricemia with HRI was most pronounced in the smoker group. Conclusions: Hyperuricemia was highly correlated with HRI in adult Korean representative sample data. Hyperuricemia was associated with a nearly tripled risk for HRI. Hypertension has a synergistic effect with hyperuricemia on HRI. Further research is warranted to clarify the relationship between hyperuricemia and arrhythmia and its mechanism.
Surface area‐to‐volume ratio, not cellular viscoelasticity, is the major determinant of red blood cell traversal through small channels

The remarkable deformability of red blood cells (RBCs) depends on the viscoelasticity of the plasma membrane and cell contents and the surface area to volume (SA:V) ratio; however, it remains unclear which of these factors is the key determinant for passage through small capillaries. We used a microfluidic device to examine the traversal of normal, stiffened, swollen, parasitised and immature RBCs. We show that dramatic stiffening of RBCs had no measurable effect on their ability to traverse small channels. By contrast, a moderate decrease in the SA:V ratio had a marked effect on the equivalent cylinder diameter that is traversable by RBCs of similar cellular viscoelasticity. We developed a finite element model that provides a coherent rationale for the experimental observations, based on the nonlinear mechanical behaviour of the RBC membrane skeleton. We conclude that the SA:V ratio should be given more prominence in studies of RBC pathologies.
Sex Pheromone Components of Leucania separata WALKER and Leucania loreyi DUPONCHEL

Sex Pheromone Components of Leucania separata WALKER and Leucania loreyi DUPONCHEL. Shozo TAKAHASHI and Mitsuo KAWARADANI (Pesticide Research Institute, College of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606) and Yasuo SATO and Michihiko SAKAI (Pesticide Research Laboratories, Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd., Ichijoji, Sakyo, Kyoto 606) Jap. J. appl. Ent. Zool. 23: 78-81 (1979) From an extract of female abdominal tips of Leucania separata (Z)-11-hexadecenol and its acetate have been isolated as the two major components of the sex pheromone. Ratio of the acetate to the alcohol in the extract was found to be 8:1. Laboratory bioassay of the synthetic compounds in ratios of between 9:1 and 1:1 showed high pheromonal activity. Two major components of the sex pheromone of Leucania loreyi have been isolated from an extract of female abdominal tips. These were identified as (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate.
Co-Administration of Propionate or Protocatechuic Acid Does Not Affect DHA-Specific Transcriptional Effects on Lipid Metabolism in Cultured Hepatic Cells

Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) are collectively recognized triglyceride-lowering agents, and their preventive action is likely mediated by changes in gene expression. However, as most studies employ fish oil, which contains a mixture of n-3 LC-PUFAs, the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-specific transcriptional effects on lipid metabolism are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to further elucidate the DHA-induced transcriptional effects on lipid metabolism in the liver, and to investigate the effects of co-administration with other bioactive compounds having effects on lipid metabolism. To this purpose, HepG2 cells were treated for 6 or 24 h with DHA, the short-chain fatty acid propionate (PRO), and protocatechuic acid (PCA), the main human metabolite of cyanidin-glucosides. Following supplementation, we mapped the global transcriptional changes. PRO and PCA alone had a very slight effect on the transcriptome; on the contrary, supplementation of DHA highly repressed the steroid and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, this transcriptional modulation being not affected by co-supplementation. Our results confirm that DHA effect on lipid metabolism are mediated at least in part by modulation of the expression of specific genes. PRO and PCA could contribute to counteracting dyslipidemia through other mechanisms.
5‐HT1A receptor‐mediated attenuation of synaptic transmission in rat medial vestibular nucleus impacts on vestibular‐related motor function

Chemogenetic activation of medial vestibular nucleus‐projecting 5‐HT neurons resulted in deficits in vestibular‐mediated tasks, including negative geotaxis, balance beam and rota‐rod tests. The 5‐HT1A receptor mediates the vestibular‐related behavioural effects of 5‐HT in the vestibular nucleus. 5‐HT1A receptor activation attenuated evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents and evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents via a presynaptic mechanism in the vestibular nucleus.