Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Science with the Large Millimeter Telescope: Observations of Extremely Luminous High-z Sources Identified by Planck

We present 8.5 arcsec resolution 1.1mm continuum imaging and CO spectroscopic redshift measurements of eight extremely bright submillimetre galaxies identified from the Planck and Herschel surveys, taken with the Large Millimeter Telescope's AzTEC and Redshift Search Receiver instruments. We compiled a candidate list of high redshift galaxies by cross-correlating the Planck Surveyor mission's highest frequency channel (857 GHz, FWHM = 4.5 arcmin) with the archival Herschel Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) imaging data, and requiring the presence of a unique, single Herschel counterpart within the 150 arcsec search radius of the Planck source positions with 350 micron flux density larger than 100 mJy, excluding known blazars and foreground galaxies. All eight candidate objects observed are detected in 1.1mm continuum by AzTEC bolometer camera, and at least one CO line is detected in all cases with a spectroscopic redshift between 1.3 < z(CO) < 3.3. Their infrared spectral energy distributions mapped using the Herschel and AzTEC photometry are consistent with cold dust emission with characteristic temperature between $T_d$ = 43 K and 84 K. With apparent infrared luminosity of up to L(IR) = $3\times10^{14} \mu^{-1} L_\odot$, they are some of the most luminous galaxies ever found (with yet unknown gravitational magnification factor $\mu$). The analysis of their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) suggests that star formation is powering the bulk of their extremely large IR luminosities. Derived molecular gas masses of $M_{H2}=(0.6-7.8)\times 10^{11} M_\odot$ (for $\mu$~10) also make them some of the most gas-rich high redshift galaxies ever detected.
Superfluid transition in the attractive Hofstadter-Hubbard model

We consider a Fermi gas that is loaded onto a square optical lattice and subjected to a perpendicular artificial magnetic field, and determine its superfluid transition boundary by adopting a BCS-like mean-field approach in momentum space. The multiband structure of the single-particle Hofstadter spectrum is taken explicitly into account while deriving a generalized pairing equation. We present the numerical solutions as functions of the artificial magnetic flux, interaction strength, Zeeman field, chemical potential, and temperature, with a special emphasis on the roles played by the density of single-particle states and center-of-mass momentum of Cooper pairs.
Gamma-ray burst precursor activity as observed with BATSE

Gamma-ray burst time histories often consist of multiple episodes of emission with the count rate dropping to the background level between adjacent episodes. We define precursor activity as any case in which the first episode (referred to as the precursor episode) has a lower peak intensity than that of the remaining emission (referred to as the main episode) and is separated from the remaining burst emission by a background interval that is at least as long as the remaining emission. We find that approx. 3% of the bursts observed with the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) satisfy this definition. We present the results of a study of the properties of these events. The spatial distribution of these sources is consistent with that of the larger set of all BATSE gamma-ray bursts: inhomogeneous and isotropic. A correlation between the duration of the precursor emission and the duration of the main episode emission is observed at about the 3 sigma confidence level. We find no meaningful significant correlations between or among any of the other characteristics of the precursor or main episode emission. It appears that the characteristics of the main episode emission are independent of the existence of the precursor emission.
A z = 1.82 ANALOG OF LOCAL ULTRA-MASSIVE ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES

We present observations of a very massive galaxy at z = 1.82 that show that its morphology, size, velocity dispersion, and stellar population properties are fully consistent with those expected for passively evolving progenitors of today's giant ellipticals. These findings are based on a deep optical rest-frame spectrum obtained with the Multi-Object InfraRed Camera and Spectrograph on the Subaru Telescope of a high-z passive galaxy candidate (pBzK) from the COSMOS field, for which we accurately measure its redshift of z = 1.8230 and obtain an upper limit on its velocity dispersion σ⋆ < 326 km s−1. By detailed stellar population modeling of both the galaxy broadband spectral energy distribution and the rest-frame optical spectrum, we derive a star formation-weighted age and formation redshift of tsf ≃ 1–2 Gyr and zform ≃ 2.5–4, and a stellar mass of M⋆ ≃ (3–4) × 1011 M☉. This is in agreement with a virial mass limit of Mvir < 7 × 1011 M☉, derived from the measured σ⋆ value and stellar half-light radius, as well as with the dynamical mass limit based on the Jeans equations. In contrast to previously reported super-dense passive galaxies at z ∼ 2, the present galaxy at z = 1.82 appears to have both size and velocity dispersion similar to early-type galaxies in the local universe with similar stellar mass. This suggests that z ∼ 2 massive and passive galaxies may exhibit a wide range of properties, then possibly following quite different evolutionary histories from z ∼ 2 to z = 0.
Admissibility Analysis and Controller Design for T-S Fuzzy Singular Systems with Distinct Derivative Matrices

This paper is concerned with the admissibility problem for a class of T-S fuzzy singular systems with distinct derivative matrices. When derivative matrices in fuzzy rules are different, such fuzzy model can be used to describe the wide class of nonlinear singular systems. Based on fuzzy Lyapunov function and slack matrices, a relaxed sufficient condition is given to ensure the admissibility for this class of fuzzy singular system. Based on this condition, a parallel distribution compensation(PDC) controller design theorem of fuzzy singular systems is proposed via strict linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
The stable module category of a general ring

For any ring R we construct two triangulated categories, each admitting a functor from R-modules that sends projective and injective modules to 0. When R is a quasi-Frobenius or Gorenstein ring, these triangulated categories agree with each other and with the usual stable module category. Our stable module categories are homotopy categories of Quillen model structures on the category of R-modules. These model categories involve generalizations of Gorenstein projective and injective modules that we derive by replacing finitely presented modules by modules of type FP-infinity. Along the way, we extend the perfect duality between injective left modules and flat right modules that holds over Noetherian rings to general rings by considering weaker notions of injectivity and flatness.
Adaptive neural control for a class of non-strict feedback nonlinear multi-agent systems with input quantization

This research mainly focuses on the quantized tracking control for high-order uncertain non-strict feedback multi-agent systems. Due to the nonlinearities under considered are completely unknown, neural networks is adopted to approximate them. To cope with the structure characteristic of high-order, backstepping technique is used. Meanwhile, an important decom-position property of quantizer is utilized to handle the control design problem. A quantized tracking control protocol is developed to guarantee that the system is stable and synchronous tracking is achieved. A simulation example is carried out to text our result.
Water-methanol mixture under confinement

Water pollution and renewable energy sources are a matter of broad concern, both environmental challenges for our society. For its applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry, produc-tion of synthetic fibers and plastic, and as a fuel additive, methanol attracts interest for how to model its properties when mixed with water. Here, we consider a minimalistic model for a water-methanol mixture confined between two parallel graphene nanosheets and analyze the diffusion coefficient of each component as the slit-pore’s width δ increases. We find that layering in the hydrophobic pore induces segregation between the two components. The methanol apolar moiety accumulates near the pore walls, while water populates more in the central layer away from the hydrophobic walls. Furthermore, both liquids have a diffusion coefficient that changes non-monotonically with δ , with water always diffusing faster than methanol. Changes in the pore widths affect the two mixture components in different amounts, suggesting the possibility of an efficient method for methanol-water separation based on a physical procedure.
Helicity evolution at small x: Flavor singlet and nonsinglet observables

We extend our earlier results for the quark helicity evolution at small $x$ [J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2016) 072] to derive the small-$x$ asymptotics of the flavor singlet and flavor nonsinglet quark helicity TMDs and PDFs and of the ${g}_{1}$ structure function. In the flavor singlet case we rederive the evolution equations obtained in our previous paper on the subject [J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2016) 072], performing additional cross-checks of our results. In the flavor nonsinglet case we construct new small-$x$ evolution equations by employing the large-${N}_{c}$ limit. All evolution equations resum double-logarithmic powers of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}{\mathrm{ln}}^{2}(1/x)$ in the polarization-dependent evolution along with the single-logarithmic powers of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}\mathrm{ln}(1/x)$ in the unpolarized evolution which includes saturation effects. We solve the linearized flavor nonsinglet equation analytically, obtaining an intercept which agrees with the one calculated earlier by Bartels, Ermolaev and Ryskin [Z. Phys. C 70, 273 (1996)] using the infrared evolution equations. Our numerical solution of the linearized large-${N}_{c}$ evolution equations for the flavor singlet case is presented in the accompanying Letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 052001 (2017)] and is further discussed here.
Spotting the misaligned outflows in NGC 1068 using X‐ray polarimetry

We model the expected X-ray polarization induced by complex reprocessing in the active nucleus of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068. Recent analysis of infrared interferometry observations suggests that the ionized outflows ejected by the central engine are not aligned with the symmetry axis of the obscuring torus. This conclusion was obtained by extrapolating the apparent orientation of the narrow-line region to the inner parts of the ionization cones. We show that future measurements of the soft X-ray polarization vector unambiguously determine the orientation of the ionization cones. Furthermore, X-ray polarimetry across a broad photon energy range may independently verify the misalignment between the ionization cones and the axis of the torus. To model the expected polarization percentage and position angle, we apply the radiative transfer code stokes. Reprocessing of the primary X-ray radiation takes place in the accretion disc, the surrounding equatorial torus and the inclined, ionized outflows. We also examine additional equatorial scattering occurring in between the accretion disc and the inner surfaces of the torus. Radiative coupling between the different reprocessing components is computed coherently. The resulting polarization properties depend on the optical depth of the reprocessing regions and on the viewing angle of the observer. We show that even under unfavourable conditions the misalignment of the outflows with respect to the torus axis can be determined from a rotation of the polarization position angle between softer and harder X-rays. We argue that the misalignment of the outflows with respect to the torus axis in NGC 1068 may be constrained by a future X-ray mission if equipped with a broad-band polarimeter.
Shear power spectrum reconstruction using the pseudo-spectrum method

We develop a pseudo-power-spectrum technique for measuring the lensing power spectrum from weak lensing surveys in both the full-sky and the flat-sky limits. The power spectrum approaches have a number of advantages over the traditional correlation function approach. We test the pseudo-spectrum method by using numerical simulations with a square-shape boundary that includes masked regions with complex configuration due to bright stars and saturated spikes. Even when 25 per cent of the total area of the survey is masked, the method recovers the E-mode power spectrum at a sub-per cent precision over a wide range of multipoles 100≲l≲ 10 4 . The systematic error is smaller than the statistical errors expected for a 2000-deg 2 survey. The residual B-mode spectrum is well suppressed in the amplitudes at less than a per cent level relative to the E mode. We also find that the correlated errors of binned power spectra caused by the survey geometry effects are not significant. Our method is applicable to the current and upcoming wide-field lensing surveys.
A faint extended cluster in the outskirts of NGC 5128: evidence of a low mass accretion*

We report the discovery of an extended globular cluster in a halo field in Centaurus A (NGC 5128), situated ~38 kpc from the centre of that galaxy, imaged with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on board the Hubble Space Telescope. At the distance of the galaxy, the half-light radius of the cluster is r h ~7 pc, placing it among the largest globular clusters known. The faint absolute magnitude of the star cluster, M v,o = -5.2, and its large size render this object somewhat different from the population of extended globular clusters previously reported, making it the first firm detection in the outskirts of a giant galaxy of an analogue of the faint, diffuse globular clusters present in the outer halo of the Milky Way. The colour-magnitude diagram of the cluster, covering approximately the brightest four magnitudes of the red giant branch, is consistent with an ancient, i.e. ≳8 Gyr, intermediate metallicity, i.e. [M/H] ~ -1.0dex, stellar population. We also report the detection of a second, even fainter cluster candidate which would have r h ~ 9 pc and M v,o = -3.4 if it is at the distance of NGC 5128. The properties of the extended globular cluster and the diffuse stellar populations in its close vicinity suggest that they are part of a low mass accretion in the outer regions of NGC 5128.
Knowledge-Aware Cross-Modal Text-Image Retrieval for Remote Sensing Images

Image-based retrieval in large Earth observation archives is difficult, because one needs to navigate across thousands of candidate matches only with the proposition image as a guide. By using text as a query language, the retrieval system gains in usability, but at the same time faces difficulties due to the diversity of visual signals that cannot be summarized by a short caption only. For this reason, as a matching-based task, cross-modal text-image retrieval often suffers from information asymmetry between texts and images. To address this challenge, we propose a Knowledge-aware Cross-modal Retrieval (KCR) method for remote sensing text-image retrieval. By mining relevant information from an external knowledge graph, KCR enriches the text scope available in the search query and alleviates the information gaps between texts and images for better matching. Experimental results on two commonly used remote sensing text-image retrieval benchmarks show that the proposed knowledge-aware method outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
BINARY FREQUENCIES IN A SAMPLE OF GLOBULAR CLUSTERS. I. METHODOLOGY AND INITIAL RESULTS

Binary stars are thought to be a controlling factor in globular cluster evolution, since they can heat the environmental stars by converting their binding energy to kinetic energy during dynamical interactions. Through such interaction, the binaries determine the time until core collapse. To test predictions of this model, we have determined binary fractions for 35 clusters. Here we present our methodology with a representative globular cluster NGC 4590. We use Hubble Space Telescope archival Advanced Camera for Surveys data in the F606W and F814W bands and apply point-spread-function-fitting photometry to obtain high quality color–magnitude diagrams. We formulate the star superposition effect as a Poisson probability distribution function, with parameters optimized through Monte Carlo simulations. A model-independent binary fraction of (6.2 ± 0.3)% is obtained by counting stars that extend to the red side of the residual color distribution after accounting for the photometric errors and the star superposition effect. A model-dependent binary fraction is obtained by constructing models with a known binary fraction and an assumed binary mass-ratio distribution function. This leads to a binary fraction range of 6.8%–10.8%, depending on the assumed shape to the binary mass-ratio distribution, with the best fit occurring for a binary distribution that favors low mass ratios (and higher binary fractions). We also represent the method for radial analysis of the binary fraction in the representative case of NGC 6981, which shows a decreasing trend for the binary fraction toward the outside, consistent with theoretical predictions for the dynamical effect on the binary fraction.
Can TPO as Photoinitiator Replace “Golden Mean” Camphorquinone and Tertiary Amines in Dental Composites? Testing Experimental Composites Containing Different Concentration of Diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine Oxide

The aim of this research was to compare the biomechanical properties of experimental composites containing a classic photoinitiating system (camphorquinone and 2-(dimethylami-no)ethyl methacrylate) or diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO) as a photoinitiator. The produced light-cured composites consisted of an organic matrix-Bis-GMA (60 wt.%), TEGDMA (40 wt.%) and silanized silica filler (45 wt.%). Composites contained 0.27; 0.5; 0.75 or 1 wt. % TPO. Vickers hardness, microhardness (in the nanoindentation test), diametral tensile strength, resistance to three-point bending and the CIE L* a* b* colorimetric analysis was performed with each composite produced. The highest average Vickers hardness values were obtained for the composite containing 1 wt. % TPO (43.18 ± 1.7HV). The diametral tensile strength remains on regardless of the type and amount of photoinitiator statistically the same level, except for the composite containing 0.5 wt. % TPO for which DTS = 22.70 ± 4.7 MPa and is the lowest recorded value. The highest average diametral tensile strength was obtained for the composite containing 0.75 wt. % TPO (29.73 ± 4.8 MPa). The highest modulus of elasticity characterized the composite containing 0.75 wt. % TPO (5383.33 ± 1067.1 MPa). Composite containing 0.75 wt. % TPO has optimal results in terms of Vickers hardness, diametral tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. Moreover, these results are better than the parameters characterizing the composite containing the CQ/DMAEMA system. In terms of an aesthetic composite containing 0.75 wt. %. TPO is less yellow in color than the composite containing CQ/DMAEMA. This conclusion was objectively confirmed by test CIE L* a* b*.
Substantial Fat Loss in Physique Competitors Is Characterized by Increased Levels of Bile Acids, Very-Long Chain Fatty Acids, and Oxylipins

Weight loss and increased physical activity may promote beneficial modulation of the metabolome, but limited evidence exists about how very low-level weight loss affects the metabolome in previously non-obese active individuals. Following a weight loss period (21.1 ± 3.1 weeks) leading to substantial fat mass loss of 52% (−7.9 ± 1.5 kg) and low body fat (12.7 ± 4.1%), the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolic signature of 24 previously young, healthy, and normal weight female physique athletes was investigated. We observed uniform increases (FDR < 0.05) in bile acids, very-long-chain free fatty acids (FFA), and oxylipins, together with reductions in unsaturated FFAs after weight loss. These widespread changes, especially in the bile acid profile, were most strongly explained (FDR < 0.05) by changes in android (visceral) fat mass. The reported changes did not persist, as all of them were reversed after the subsequent voluntary weight regain period (18.4 ± 2.9 weeks) and were unchanged in non-dieting controls (n = 16). Overall, we suggest that the reported changes in FFA, bile acid, and oxylipin profiles reflect metabolic adaptation to very low levels of fat mass after prolonged periods of intense exercise and low-energy availability. However, the effects of the aforementioned metabolome subclass alteration on metabolic homeostasis remain controversial, and more studies are warranted to unravel the complex physiology and potentially associated health implications. In the end, our study reinforced the view that transient weight loss seems to have little to no long-lasting molecular and physiological effects.
A Systematic Review of Mechanisms Underpinning Psychological Change Following Nature Exposure in an Adolescent Population

This systematic review aimed to identify mechanisms of psychological change following exposure to nature within an adolescent population. Keyword searches within Scopus, PsychINFO and Web of Science were carried out to include articles published by 14 September 2021. Records were reviewed in line with inclusion criteria: samples with an average age of 24 and under, exposure to nature vs. control using an experimental or quasi-experimental design and outcomes of mental health and psychological status. The review resulted in 27 papers that were assessed for methodological quality and manually searched for mediation analyses. A range of psychological outcomes were identified and grouped into 10 categories: Mood and Affect, Mental Health, Wellbeing, Perceived Restoration, Stress, Energy, Cognitive Functioning, Resilience, Self-Concept and Pro-Social Behaviour. Only one formal mediation analysis was reported, highlighting a mediating role of belonging in increases in resilience. Limitations include the majority use of university student samples and over half of the papers being of low methodological quality. No firm conclusions on key mechanisms in an adolescent population were made due to insufficient evidence of mediating variables. The development of methodologically rigorous experimental studies with the inclusion of statistical pathway modelling is needed to test and specify plausible mechanisms.