Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An open-source nnU-net algorithm for automatic segmentation of MRI scans in the male pelvis for adaptive radiotherapy

Background Adaptive MRI-guided radiotherapy (MRIgRT) requires accurate and efficient segmentation of organs and targets on MRI scans. Manual segmentation is time-consuming and variable, while deformable image registration (DIR)-based contour propagation may not account for large anatomical changes. Therefore, we developed and evaluated an automatic segmentation method using the nnU-net framework. Methods The network was trained on 38 patients (76 scans) with localized prostate cancer and tested on 30 patients (60 scans) with localized prostate, metastatic prostate, or bladder cancer treated at a 1.5 T MRI-linac at our institution. The performance of the network was compared with the current clinical workflow based on DIR. The segmentation accuracy was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), mean surface distance (MSD), and Hausdorff distance (HD) metrics. Results The trained network successfully segmented all 600 structures in the test set. High similarity was obtained for most structures, with 90% of the contours having a DSC above 0.9 and 86% having an MSD below 1 mm. The largest discrepancies were found in the sigmoid and colon structures. Stratified analysis on cancer type showed that the best performance was seen in the same type of patients that the model was trained on (localized prostate). Especially in patients with bladder cancer, the performance was lower for the bladder and the surrounding organs. A complete automatic delineation workflow took approximately 1 minute. Compared with contour transfer based on the clinically used DIR algorithm, the nnU-net performed statistically better across all organs, with the most significant gain in using the nnU-net seen for organs subject to more considerable volumetric changes due to variation in the filling of the rectum, bladder, bowel, and sigmoid. Conclusion We successfully trained and tested a network for automatically segmenting organs and targets for MRIgRT in the male pelvis region. Good test results were seen for the trained nnU-net, with test results outperforming the current clinical practice using DIR-based contour propagation at the 1.5 T MRI-linac. The trained network is sufficiently fast and accurate for clinical use in an online setting for MRIgRT. The model is provided as open-source.
Sexting, fear of missing out (FOMO), and problematic social network use among adolescents

The article is part of the current discussion on the scale and mechanisms of selected threats of the digital world to which adolescents are exposed. The text presents data on three e-risks: FOMO, Problematic Use of Social Networks, and sexting. The study covered adolescents aged 13-17 in Poland (N=1053) in 2020. Based on analyses of the quantitative data, it was noted that: 1) Almost half of the adolescents use SNS daily just before going to sleep; 2) Every fourth respondent has multiple features of problematic Internet use (PUI); 3) The majority of adolescents use the Internet in ways not classified as PUI; 4) The age and gender (female) of the respondents is associated with higher levels of PUI; 5) The vast majority of adolescents have no experience of sexting; 6) Adolescents are much more often recipients of materials classified as sexting than creators; 7) Girls receive erotic messages, much more often than boys.
The association of -799C/T and -381A/G matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) gene polymorphisms with periodontitis and active MMP-8 levels in the oral cavity

Background/Aim: To investigate the relationship of the -799C/T (rs11225395) and -381A/G (rs1320632) matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP8) gene polymorphisms with periodontitis and the levels of active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) in an oral rinse. Material and Methods: Eighty subjects that had participated in a previous study contributed with an oral rinse sample collected before full-mouth periodontal clinical assessments. In addition, aMMP-8 levels in an oral rinse were quantified with a chairside point of care (PoC) test (PerioSafe), and the accompanying digital reader (OraLyzer). After DNA extraction, the samples were amplified with Polymerase Chain Reaction using specific primers. The amplified DNA samples were analyzed with a sequencing assay. Results: All of the patients were homozygous for the -381A/A genotype while 21.2% of the subjects were homozygous for the -799T/T genotype. No significant association was found between the -799T/T and periodontal disease, however, the presence of the specific genotype was significantly associated with the stage of periodontitis and the levels of aMMP-8 in the oral cavity. Conclusions: The results of the current study of 80 Greek subjects indicated that the presence of the rs11225395 (-799 T/T) genotype may be correlated with the severity of the periodontal disease. In addition, patients homozygous for the T/T genotype had higher levels of aMMP-8.
Understanding cosmopsychism based on stochastic electrodynamics from the perspective of the Indian knowledge system

Cosmopsychism is a novel paradigm that has the potential to respond to the hard problem of consciousness. It is based on the theoretical framework of stochastic electrodynamics. Considering both consciousness and matter as the primary reality, cosmopsychism describes the dynamic interaction of the brain with the ubiquitous field of consciousness (UFC), resulting in a number of information states. The UFC is conceived to exhibit twofold properties— extrinsic and intrinsic. The extrinsic property has the characteristics of the field of physics, whereas the intrinsic property is hard to decipher but is interpreted in terms of the characteristics of a color palate representing different shades of consciousness. Scientific analysis reveals that the concept of UFC, as theorized in cosmopsychism, resonates with the philosophical ideas of the Indian knowledge system (IKS). This article attempts to integrate the paradigm of cosmopsychism with the philosophical insights of the IKS in order to develop a holistic framework that contributes substantially to the science of consciousness
Evaluating temporal turnover in avian species richness in a Mediterranean semiarid region: Different responses to elevation and forest cover

When studying the effects of global change on biodiversity, it is far more common for the effects of climate change and land‐use changes to be assessed separately rather than jointly. However, the effects of land‐use changes in recent decades on species richness in areas affected by climate change have been less studied. We assess the temporal turnover in species richness of an avian community between a historical period and a modern one as a consequence of global change.
Comparison of Cognitive and Behavioral Profiles of Individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Dyslexia

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Developmental Dyslexia are disorders usually diagnosed in childhood and adolescence and affect different cognitive functions, however, with differences in central deficits. There is a consensus that children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder manifest alterations in attention and executive functioning. Meanwhile, a growing number of researchers that investigated and described attentional and other executive function alterations in affected Dyslexia individuals. Therefore, our study aimed to compare the cognitive and behavioral profiles of 21 children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (n=7), Dyslexia (n=6), and a control group (n=8), ages 6 to 14 years old, evaluated from January 2022 to July 2023. We excluded children with other neurodevelopmental disorders or neurologic diseases. The results showed that in tasks of working memory and cognitive flexibility, the group with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder presented higher averages than the children with Dyslexia. Furthermore, participants with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder committed more mistakes in attentional tests, mainly in alternating attention, than the Dyslexia group (z = -8.548; p=0.029). Furthermore, participants with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder had higher means for externalizing problems (Average: 62.43; Standard Deviation: 8.36) when compared to the group with Dyslexia (Average: 57.50; Standard Deviation: 5.09), as well as dyslexics had higher means for behavior problems internalizing (Average: 66.00; Standard Deviation: 11.63) than the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder group (Average: 58.00; Standard Deviation: 8.16). The results found in this study showed that children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder had higher averages than the group with Dyslexia in attention and executive functions and indicated the presence of a heterogeneous cognitive and behavioral profile among the participants, however, the clinical groups showed significant impairments in attention, executive functions and behavior, which can have an impact on the functionality and quality of life of these children.
Dendrogeomorphology – a new tool to study drift-sand dynamics

Abstract A dendrogeomorphological approach is presented, using wood characteristics of native oak (Quercus robur L.) to infer dynamics of aeolian sediment transport in drift-sand areas. Wood samples, taken from oaks in two drift-sand areas, were analysed to study changes in tree-ring pattern and wood anatomy as a consequence of burying or exposure from drift sand. In all cases, the wood of the sampled oaks showed sudden changes in anatomy and tree-ring width due to burial by drift sand or subsequent exposure after erosion of the new soil surface. After aerial stems became covered by drift sand, the wood lost its characteristic ring-porous features, and tree rings became strongly reduced in width with less distinct ring boundaries. Buried stems that became exposed after erosion showed an abrupt increase in ring width and turned distinctly ring porous again. Roots that were exposed also adopted clear ring-porous features, increased in ring width and anatomically resembled aerial stem wood. Using tree-ring analysis, it is possible to precisely date sand deposition and erosion events by detecting the concurrent changes in anatomy of woody structures. This study indicates the high potential of dendrogeomorphology as a tool to study drift-sand dynamics with a high temporal, i.e. annual, resolution for a period going back as long as the maximum age of the trees present (in this study at least 250 years). Since the signals of past deposition and erosion events are conserved in the wood, this is the only method that can be used to reconstruct drift-sand dynamics when the actual landforms are no longer present.
Exploring the Potential of Integrating Local Wisdom into the Development of Pocket Book Learning Media: A Systematic Literature Review

The incorporation of local knowledge into pocket book learning media provides for a multidimensional strategy for enhancing academic integrity. To create a learning atmosphere that prioritizes both academic excellence and ethical conduct, this incorporation mixes contemporary educational techniques with traditional cultural views. This paper aims to systematically review and synthesize literature on the creation of pocket book learning media based on local knowledge, with a focus on its potential to enhance academic integrity. To investigate the research topic, a systematic literature review was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology to address three main research objectives. The quality of studies reviewed between 2013 and 2023 was analyzed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Three (3) articles were rated as average, eleven (11) articles as above-average quality, and the remaining six (6) were rated high quality. The central discovery of the research highlights a shared foundation between local wisdom and academic integrity, which are moral and social ethics, honesty, trust, and respect, forming a basis upon which pocket book learning media can be crafted. By infusing the principles of local wisdom into pocket book learning resources, the potential to enhance academic integrity arises due to this common ground. The study has further established a versatile framework that, in conjunction with various research models, can guide the creation of learning materials rooted in local wisdom, thereby fostering and promoting academic integrity.
Influence of Peer Counselling Strategies on Gender-based Violence among Students in Selected Private Tertiary Institutions in Thika Sub-county, Kiambu County, Kenya

Statement of the Problem: Peer-counselling plays an important role in minimizing instances of gender-based violence among students. However, in Thika Sub-county, cases of gender-based violence among students in private tertiary institutions have been on the rise. Purpose of the Study: To assess the influence of peer counselling strategies on gender-based violence among students in private tertiary institutions in Thika Sub-county, Kiambu County, Kenya. Methodology: The study adopted mixed methodology and thus applied concurrent triangulation research design. Target population comprised 58 deans of students, 113 college counsellors and 2356 peer-counsellors totaling 2527 respondents from which a sample of 345 respondents (13.6%) was obtained using Yamane’s Formula. Stratified sampling was applied to create five strata based on zones in Thika Sub-county. From each zone, five deans of students and five college counsellors from five colleges were sampled using purposive sampling. However, from each zone, simple random sampling was applied to select 59 peer counsellors to avoid bias. This sampling procedure realized a sample size of 25 deans of students, 25 college counsellors and 295 peer counsellors. A questionnaire was used to collect data from peer counsellors whereas an interview guide was used to collect data from deans of students and college counsellors. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically along the objectives and presented in narrative forms. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages and inferential statistics such as linear regression analysis with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-Version 23) and presented using tables. Findings: The study found that cases of gender-based violence among students in private tertiary colleges have been on the rise for the last five years (2018 to 2022). However, introduction of peer counselling strategies has not, to a great extent, reduced instances of GBV among students. Recommendations: Private colleges should continue training students as peer-counsellors to help model behaviour patterns of their peers. They should continue planning and organizing counselling sessions for students to enable them generate solutions to their behavioural problems without depending on any significant adult.
3D Seismic Attributes Enhancement and Detection by Advanced Technology of Image Analysis

Moments have been extensively used in pattern recognition and image processing. In this thesis, we focus our attention on the study of 3D orthogonal Gaussian-Hermite moments, 2D and 3D Gaussian-Hermite moment invariants, fast algorithm of coherency attribute, and applications of seismic interpretation using moments methodology.We conduct seismic horizon auto-tracking methods from Gaussian-Hermite moments and moment invariants. We introduce multi-scale moment invariants approach. The experimental results show that method of 3D Gaussian-Hermite moments performs better than the most popular methods.We also approach seismic facies analysis based on feature vectors from 3D Gaussian-Hermite moments, and Self-Organizing Maps method with data visualization techniques. The excellent result shows that the integrated environment gives the best performance in interpreting the correct cluster structure.Finally, we introduce the parallel processing and volume visualization. Taking advantage of new performances by multi-threading and multi-cores technologies into seismic interpretation, we efficiently compute the seismic attributes and track the horizon. We also discuss volume rendering algorithm based on Open-Scene-Graph engine which provides better insight into the structure of seismic data.
Capital Femoral Epiphysis with Acute Unstable Valgus Type Slip Managed with Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Fixation: A Case Report

Case We present a case of acute unstable valgus slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) in an 8-year-old female who presented after a trip and fall. The patient was managed with emergent closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation and prophylactic fixation of contralateral side after 6 weeks. At 18-month follow-up, the patient was symptom free with a good range of movement and no evidence of slip progression, chondrolysis or avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Conclusion We demonstrate that, in this case, closed reduction and percutaneous fixation provided satisfactory outcome at 18-month follow-up. This case highlights the need for both anteroposterior and lateral radiographs.
BASIN DYNAMICS AND BASIN GROUPS OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA: BASIN DYNAMICS AND BASIN GROUPS OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

The South China Sea was formed in Cenozoic.Basins in the South China Sea could be divided into different types,such as continental shelf basins,continental slope basins and deep sea basins,which are closely related with the rifting and transition of the continental margins,and thus could be grouped into strike-slip-related pull-apart and extensional basins,extrusion-escape-related rifting basins,extension-and subduction-related buckling basins.They developed further into some ridge-spreading-related oceanic sub-basins in different stages.These basins were formed not under a single dynamics but under a very complex and changeable dynamics.These basins have suffered from a series of Cenozoic tectonic movements,such as the Shenhu,the South China Sea,the Dongsha,resulting in the formation and spatial-temperal migration of complex angular unconformities in these basins.Accompanying with the tectonic migrations and evolutions in these basins,faulting,magmatism,shifting of sedimentary subsidence centers and depocenters,oil accumulation and geohazards show a significant feature of jumping.The complex dynamic settings of the South China Sea have caused many controversies on their origin.The plate dynamic factors include the Pacific Plate subduction and the indentation of the Philippine Sea Plate along the Taiwan Orogen to the east side of the South China Sea,and the Indian Plate oblique subduction and mid-ocean ridge subduction to the west side.They may also be responsible for the uplifting of the Tibetan Plateau and the related extrusions of continental blocks to the north side.At the same time,the mantle dynamics of deep-seated magma underplating,delamination,mantle plume and mantle-hydrated process should not be ignored.At last,this paper proposes one strike-slipping pull-apart model to explain the onset of the South China Sea Basin which is closely related to the tectonic evolution of the Pacific Tectonic Domain.
Progressive orocline formation in the Eastern Pontides–Lesser Caucasus

Abstract The Eastern Pontides–Lesser Caucasus fold–thrust belt displays a peculiar northwards arc-shaped geometry that was defined as an orocline in earlier studies. The Lesser Caucasus was affected by two main tectonic events that could have caused orocline formation: (1) Paleocene–Eocene collision of the South Armenian Block with Eurasia; and (2) Oligocene–Miocene Arabia–Eurasia collision. We tested the hypothesis that the Lesser Caucasus is an orocline and aimed to time the formation of this orocline. To determine the vertical axis rotations, 37 sites were sampled for palaeomagnetism in rocks of Upper Cretaceous–Miocene age in Georgia and Armenia. In addition, we compiled a review of c. 100 available datasets. A strike test was applied to the remaining datasets, which were divided into four chronological sub-sets, leading us to conclude that the Eastern Pontides–Lesser Caucasus fold–thrust belt forms a progressive orocline. We concluded that: (1) some pre-existing curvature must have been present before the Late Cretaceous; (2) the orocline acquired part of its curvature after the Paleocene and before the Middle Eocene as a result of South Armenian Block–Eurasia collision; and (3) about 50% of the curvature formed after the Eocene and probably before the Late Miocene, probably as a result of Arabia–Eurasia collision. Supplementary material: Results from rock magnetic experiments, reversal and fold tests and equal area projections of the characteristic remanent magnetizations for each site, as well as biostratigraphic ages and a table with palaeomagnetic results from the literature review (with assigned numbers referred to in the text) are available at http://www.geolsoc. org.uk/SUP18852.
Herpetofaunistic diversity in Lipova Hills, western Romania: Actual and past causes

In the southern side of the Lipova Hills we found 11 amphibian species, 9 reptile species and 2 types of hybrid between amphibian species. The herpetofauna of the region contains lowland, hill and mountain related species. Also, in the area are present southern species in the vicinity of the northern limit of their distribution range, and related species in the mountainous areas, found at lower altitudes than usually. The mixture of mountain and lowland species is a consequence of the current aspect of the region, with wide valleys located between hill ridges, valleys that allow the advancement of these lowland species in the hill areas. The second aspect is a consequence of the history of the region. Currently the herpetofauna of the Lipova Hills is greatly advantaged by the relatively large forest covered areas.
Management of Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans) of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) through Potato Cultivars and Fungicides in Hararghe Highlands, Ethiopia

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Barry) is widespread, serious and devastating disease of potato in the world also in Ethiopia. Field experiments were conducted at Haramaya University and Hirna research sub-station in 2010 main cropping season to evaluate fungicide combinations and their spray schedules for late blight management and tuber yield of three potato cultivars and to find out an economical fungicide spray schedule to manage the disease on the cultivars. Laboratory experiment was also done during the same period to test the in vitro sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans isolates to metalaxyl. The field experiments were laid as factorial arrangement in RCBD with three replications of three potato cultivars and six fungicide spray schedules including the control. Application of Ridomil at the first two spray followed by mancozeb at the next two spray proved the best management schedule on each cultivar and gave the highest yield, 36.42 t/ha, 38.98 t/ha and 29.86 t/ha on cultivar Gabbissa, Badhasa and Chiro respectively at Haramaya whereas 29.67 t/ha, 36.63 t/ha and 24.59 t/ha on cultivar Gabbissa, Badhasa and Chiro, respectively at Hirna. Applications of RR-MM sequences at 10 and 7 days interval can reduce the disease and increase yields potentially as well as in monetary benefits. Ten isolates were tested for metalaxyl sensitivity under a concentration of 0µg/ml, 5µg/ml and 100µg/ml using 99.5% analytical grade metalaxyl, brought 100% of the isolates tested were found metalaxyl sensitive. Extensive testing of large number of isolates for metalaxyl sensitivity and characterizing the variability of the pathogen population in the country is still warranted for effective management of the disease.