Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of terminal deletions in barley chromosomes by the PCR-based method

Barley chromosomes have barley-specific repetitive sequences (HvT01) in the subtelomeric regions. The subtelomeric repeats were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 11 wheat-barley telosome addition lines, but no or little amplification occurred in the euploid common wheat cultivar `Chinese Spring'. A gametocidal chromosome 2C, derived from an Aegilops cylindrica chromosome, induces chromosome breaks in Chinese Spring. To explore the potential of using PCR as a screen for barley telosomes with terminal deletions, induced by chromosome 2C, the progeny of a barley ditelosomic (6HS) addition line of Chinese Spring carrying chromosome 2C was investigated. The progeny plants in which DNA amplification occurred by PCR always had a normal 6HS whereas those in which no DNA amplification was observed carried either no 6HS or a 6HS telosome with a deletion. In this work the PCR based assay described is shown to be a robust and reliable method of identifying terminal deletions in barley telosomes in a Chinese Spring background.
Attraction and oviposition responses of the fungus gnat Bradysia impatiens to microbes and microbe‐inoculated seedlings in laboratory bioassays

Laboratory tests were conducted to examine preferences of Bradysia impatiens Johannsen (Diptera: Sciaridae) larvae and adults for various microbes associated with greenhouse crops. Fungus gnat larvae and adults exhibited a preference for cultures of Pythium spp. over the medium used to grow the pathogens. Larvae also exhibited a preference for geranium seedlings infected with pathogenic Pythium spp. [P. aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitz. , P. ultimum Trow, and P. irregulare Buis. (Oomycota: Peronosporales)] over non‐inoculated plants. Adult fungus gnats exhibited a strong ovipositional preference for the aforementioned Pythium spp. as well as a variety of other microorganisms, including the pathogenic fungus Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Br.) (Ascomycota: Microascales), the geranium‐infecting bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii (Brown) Dye (Proteobacteria: Xanthomonadales), the non‐pathogenic species Pythium torulosum Coker & P. Patt. and Pythium graminicola Subramaniam, the pathogen‐suppressive fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), and the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). Our study is the first to demonstrate that fungus gnats are attracted to and/or stimulated to oviposit by a wide array of living microorganisms both in pure culture and in association with plant seedlings. These findings have important implications with respect to the potential role of fungus gnats in plant pathogen transmission.
Perception of achromatic cues during host location of a pupal parasitoid

Visual cues employed by parasitic Hymenoptera havedifferent behavioral relevance during the location of thehost microhabitat from a distance and host location afterlanding. During the approach ﬂight of bees and wasps,achromatic contrast is perceived ﬁrst, followed by chro-matic (color) contrast (Giurfa et al., 1996). The distancefrom which a target, e.g., the host habitat, can be visuallydetected is determined by the size of the target area that pro-duces achromatic contrast with the background (Ne’eman& Kevan, 2001). Chromatic information is used over arelatively short range (Giurfa & Lehrer, 2001; Ne’eman K Pfannenstielet al., 1992; Smith et al., 1993; Potting et al., 1997). Despitethe importance of visual cues in host ﬁnding of hymen-opteran parasitoids, there are only three electrophysiologicalstudies addressing their spectral sensitivity (Peitsch et al.,1992; Mellor et al., 1997; Brown et al., 1998) and twobehavioral studies on color vision, i.e., the sensation ofchromatic contrast independent of intensity contrast(Wardle, 1990; Messing & Jang, 1992). While informationon chromatic vision is scarce, the role of achromatic cuesin parasitoid host location is largely unknown.For species that parasitize the pupae of endophytic hosts,i.e., hosts concealed within plant tissue, olfactory cues arenot readily available as the pupae do not feed, do not pro-duce feces, and pupation often occurs away from the larvalfeeding sites. Instead, these parasitoid species can use vibra-tional sounding and plant-derived visual cues for host loca-tion. Plant tissue damaged by host infestation can desiccateor discolor and serve as an achromatic host location cue forparasitoids such as
Homing in Leopard Frogs, Rana Pipiens

A field study of the movements of displaced adult Rana pipiens was conducted in two summers in northern Michigan, using a thread trailing device to follow the animals. Animals displaced relatively short distances (to about 1 km) from their capture site generally oriented correctly in their homeward direction. No evidence of successful homeward orientation could be found in animals displaced greater distance. Blinded frogs displaced up to 800 m oriented and homed as successfully as normal animals displaced comparable distances, from both upwind and downwind of home. It is suggested that orientation is type I (Griffin 1952). Possible mechanisms serving to guide the homing movements of the frogs are discussed. See full-text article at JSTOR
Development of polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers for polyploid and diploid members of the orchid genus Dactylorhiza

Dactylorhiza traunsteineri is an allotetraploid species that belongs to the large Dactylorhiza incarnata/maculata polyploid complex of the Eurasian genus Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae). Here, eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated using selective hybridization according to the FIASCO protocol (fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats) with slight modifications. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to seven. All loci were possible to amplify in several other species of Dactylorhiza, using the same primers.
USING IMAGE ANALYSIS TO STUDY THE RESPONSE OF WILD BARLEY TO DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF WHEAT AQUEOUS EXTRACT

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of wheat allelopathic extract on wild barley seedling growth using image analysis. Shoot aqueous extract of wheat at differ ent concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) was made to determine its effect on wild barley root and shoot length over time, seedling dry weights, root area and spread of 10-day-old wild barley seedlings. Data on root and shoot length over time, the root surface area and spread of wild barley collected using image analysis. Shoot aqueous extract significantly inhibited wild barley seedling growth compared with control. The inhibition of seedling growth was concentration dependent , and the degree of inhibit ion increased with increasing concentration. Significant inhibition of root length at all concentrations showed that root length is a more sensitive indicator of phytotoxic activity. In this study, the root surface area and spread of wild barley root syste m were reduced significantly with increasing extract concentration. Therefore, it was suggested that this attributes can be used as new credit traits to determine allelopathic activity.
Effects of storage time on toxicity of sediments from Puget Sound, Washington

The effects of sediment storage time were determined for three sediment toxicity tests: the amphipod test using Rhepoxynius abronius, the polychaete test using Neanthes sp. , and the Microtox{reg_sign} test using Photobacterium phosphoreum. Sediments were collected from a reference area and a contaminated area in Puget Sound to determine the effects of storage time on each type of sediment. Toxicity comparisons were also made between the two kinds of sediment to simulate the manner in which the data might be analyzed in a regulatory or decision-making context. Sediments were stored at 4 C for as long as 16 weeks. Results of all three toxicity tests varied significantly with storage time for each type of sediment. Amphipod survival generally decreased with storage time, whereas luminescence in the Microtox test and polychaete biomass varied unpredictably. The significance of differences between results for the two sediments varied unpredictably with storage time for the amphipod and Microtox tests. By contrast, differences were consistently significant for all storage times for the polychaete test, primarily because of the large differences in the test response between sediments. These results suggest that effects of storage time are greater for results indicative of low to intermediate levels of toxicity thanmore » for results indicative of high levels of toxicity. It is recommended that sediments be tested as soon as possible after field collection to minimize the potential for alterations of toxicity during storage. « less
NK Cells and γδ+ T Cells Are Phenotypically and Functionally Defective due to Preferential Apoptosis in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis1

Innate immune cells mediate a first line of defense against pathogens and determine the nature of subsequent acquired immune responses, mainly by producing profound amounts of cytokines. Given these diverse tasks, it is predictable that defective NK and γδ+ T cell responses could be the underlying mechanism for the immunological alterations observed in atopic dermatitis (AD). Indeed, the frequencies of circulating NK cells and γδ+ T cells were profoundly reduced in AD patients. They also displayed a defective ability to sustain TNF-α and IFN-γ, but not IL-4, production after in vitro stimulation, and the defect was restricted to innate immune cells. Surprisingly, on the depletion of CD14+ monocytes, this selective impairment of TNF-α and IFN-γ production was restored to levels comparable to that observed in controls. Release of IL-10 from monocytes was not a major mechanism of the NK and γδ+ T cell dysfunction. Apoptosis as revealed by annexin V binding, was preferentially observed in NK and γδ+ T cells from AD patients when stimulated in the presence of monocytes, and depletion of monocytes significantly protected these cells from apoptotic cell death. Preferential apoptosis of NK cells by activated monocytes in AD patients was cell-contact-dependent. These results indicate that, once NK and γδ+ T cells in AD patients are in immediate contact with activated monocytes, these cells are specifically targeted for apoptosis, leading to the reduced type 1 cytokine production, thereby directing subsequent acquired immune responses toward a type-2 pattern and increasing susceptibility to infection.
Avaliação de painéis aglomerados de Toona ciliata produzidos com diferentes densidades e teores de resina

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades fisicas e mecânicas de paineis aglomerados de Toona ciliata produzidos com diferentes densidades e teores de resina. Foram utilizadas arvores provenientes de um plantio experimental localizado em Corupa-SC. As arvores coletadas foram seccionadas em toras e amostras de todas as posicoes longitudinais foram utilizadas para a determinacao das propriedades da madeira e para a geracao das particulas. A avaliacao das propriedades da madeira consistiu na determinacao da densidade basica e das propriedades quimicas, as quais seguiram os procedimentos das normas COPANT e TAPPI, respectivamente. Os paineis foram produzidos segundo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, utilizando densidades de 0,60 g/cm3; 0,70 g/cm3 e 0,80 g/cm3, e, 6% e 8% de resina, e prensados a temperatura de 160 °C, pressao especifica de 4 MPa e tempo de 8 minutos. As propriedades fisicas e mecânicas foram avaliadas de acordo com a metodologia proposta pela Norma Europeia e pela Norma Brasileira, sendo efetuados os ensaios de densidade aparente (CEN, 2002d), absorcao de agua e inchamento em espessura (CEN, 2002b), flexao estatica (CEN, 2002a), tracao perpendicular (CEN, 2002c) e resistencia ao arrancamento de parafuso (ABNT, 2006b). Os resultados indicaram que todos os tratamentos apresentaram os requisitos minimos estabelecidos pelas normas de referencia. Os paineis produzidos com menor quantidade de materia prima (0,60 g/cm3 e 6%), alem de atenderem os requisitos normativos, indicaram uma economia de ate 23,73% na quantidade de particulas e ate 42,80% nas quantidades de resina e catalisador, quando comparado com os demais tratamentos.
Species richness in boreal swamp forests of SE Norway: The role of surface microtopography

Abstract Question: What is the relative importance of environmental gradients and surface microtopography (variation in vertical level within sampling units) for fine-scale plant species richness in Picea abies swamp forests? Location: 11 swamp forests in SE Norway. Methods: We recorded species richness (number of species of vascular plants, mosses, Sphagnum and hepatics), depth to water table, soil base status and vertical range (microtopographic relief) in 2400 microplots, (each 1/16 m2), in 150 1-m2 plots in the 11 swamp forests. Relationships between species richness and environmental predictors were modelled by GLMM. Results: Moss and hepatic species richness increased with increasing microtopographic relief, most strongly for wet acid sites, in which similar trends were also found for Sphagnum. Relief was a poor predictor of vascular plant species richness. Conclusions: Microtopographic relief is a good predictor of local species richness in Picea abies swamp forests, partly because larger vertical variability means higher within-plot habitat diversity with respect to the wet-dry gradient, and partly because qualitatively new microhabitats associated with steep slopes are added in drier sites. The relationship between species richness and microtopographic relief is context dependent, differing in complex ways among species groups and among sites with different environmental conditions.
Naturalized Pine (Pinus nigra) Promotes Growth of Woody Vegetation in Native Sand Prairie: Impacts of Invasion 130 Years After Introduction

ABSTRACT: The successional dynamics of sand dune systems provide an opportunity to examine how non-native plant species affect plant communities over small spatial scales. We investigated the status of non-native pine species introduced as seeds about 130 years ago at Illinois Beach State Park, Illinois (IBSP). Five patchy stands of Pinus nigra (Austrian pine) were found and studied (spatial relations, age by dendrochronology, diameter, nearest neighbor distance) to reconstruct the invasion process. Pinus nigra forms limited age range stands. Recruitment is episodic not only in time but also spatially. Each P. nigra age class stand is associated with significantly different ground layer vegetation categories that are different from each other as well as from the nearby sand prairie areas. Woody plant ground layer vegetation increased progressively as pine stands matured. This progressive temporal change with stand age is also reflected in a significant effect of distance from a tree on ground layer vegetation categories. Specifically, the frequency of woody vegetation is significantly greater at close (1 m) distance from trunks than at 5 or 10 m distances. Graminoid and forb ground cover decreased significantly and progressively with pine stand age and distance from pine trees. This introduced, non-native tree species has significantly altered the dune vegetation at IBSP. This study is a rare assessment of the community-level effects of an invasive species over a century after its introduction.
A new species of Allium (Alliaceae) from Dalmatia, Croatia

Abstracts, XI OPTIMA meeting . Beograd 5–11. IX. 2004. Belgrade: Natural HistoryMuseum, 122. Brullo S, Guglielmo A, Pavone P, Salmeri C. 2007. Cytotaxonomic considerations on Allium stamineum Boiss.group (Alliaceae). Bocconea 21: 325–343. Diez MJ. 1987. Liliaceae. In: Valdes B, Diez MJ, FernandezI, eds. Atlas Polinico de Andalucia Occidental . Instituto deDesarrollo Regional. Sevilla: Universidad de Sevilla, Exce-lentisima Diputacion Provincial de Cadiz, 379–395. D’Ovidio R, Marchi P. 1990. DNA content, karyotype struc-ture analysis and karyotype symmetry in Ranunculus L. (Ranunculaceae) Italian species belonging to sections Flam-mula (Webb) Benson and Micranthus (Ovcz.) Nyarady. Caryologia 43: 99–115. Guler U, Pehlivan S. 2006. Pollen morphology of somespecies belonging to Codonoprasum and Allium sections of Allium (Liliaceae-Alliaceae) genus. Biologia 61: 449–455. Halbritter H. 1997. Preparing living pollen material forscanning electron microscopy using 2, 2 – dimethoxypro-pane (DMP) and critical – point drying.
Chloride and Pavement Cells in the Gills of Snow Trout, Schizothorax curvifrons Heckel (Teleost, Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae)

The structural characteristics of chloride and pavement cells of the gills of snow trout, Schizothorax curvifrons, were investigated with the aid of the great depth and resolving power of a transmission electron microscope. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the chloride cells were distributed in the filament and interlamellar epithelia. They were circular to elongated in form having a central euchromatic nucleus, expanded tubular system and an abundance of mitochondria with parallel patterns of mitochondrial crests. On the other hand, the squamous to polygonal shaped pavement cells were endowed with irregular nucleus and electrodense cytoplasmic matrix embracing rough endoplasmic reticulum and lesser number of mitochondria, abundant filament bundles and dark vesicles of varying electrodensity. Some of the dark vesicles were bound to the apical plasma membrane of the primary lamellae bearing microridges covered with glycocalyx, however, the apical plasma membrane of the pavement cells of the secondary lamellae did not reveal any signs of the presence of micro ridges.
Alelopatia de extratos voláteis na germinação de sementes e no comprimento da raiz de alface

Abstract – The objective of this work was to identify allelopathic effects of volatile extracts of essential oils ongermination and radicle length of lettuce seedlings. Five concentrations were utilized for each oil (0.0, 0.001, 0.01,0.1 and 1.0%, v/v) arranged into a completely randomized design with four replicates of 25 seeds. The volatileextracts of essential oils of cinnamon, alecrim-pimenta, capim-citronela and alfavaca-cravo revealed allelopathicpotentialities on lettuce seed germination and radicle growth, effect which varied according to the oil concentration.The volatile extract of Jaborandi essential oil stimulates radicle growth and does not inhibit lettuce seedsgermination, which is characterized as a beneficial allelopathic effect.Index terms: Lactuca sativa, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Lippia sidoides, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimumgratissimum, Pilocarpus microphyllus. Introducao As plantas competem por luz, agua e nutrientes, re-velando uma concorrencia costante entre as especiesque vivem em comunidade. Essa concorrencia contri-bui para a sobrevivencia das especies no ecossistema, ealgumas desenvolvem mecanismos de defesa que se ba-seiam na sintese de determinados metabolitos secunda-rios, liberados no ambiente e que irao interferir em algu-ma etapa do ciclo de vida de uma outra planta (Sampietro,2001). A alelopatia pode ser definida como um processo peloqual produtos do metabolismo secundario de um deter-minado vegetal sao liberados, impedindo a germinacaoe o desenvolvimento de outras plantas relativamente pro-ximas (Soares, 2000). Os efeitos alelopaticos sao me-diados por substâncias que pertencem a diferentes ca-tegorias de compostos secundarios. Os recentes avan-cos na quimica de produtos naturais, por meio de meto-dos modernos de extracao, isolamento, purificacao eidentificacao, tem contribuido bastante para um maiorconhecimento desses compostos secundarios, os quaispodem ser agrupados de diversas formas (Ferreira &Aquila, 2000). A resistencia ou tolerância aos metabolitos secunda-rios e uma caracteristica especie-especifica, existindoaquelas mais sensiveis como Lactuca sativa L. (alfa-ce), Lycopersicon esculentum Miller (tomate) eCucumis sativus L. (pepino), consideradas plantasindicadoras de atividade alelopatica. Para que seja
Hydroxyproline Rich Proteins in Salt Adapted Embryogenic Suspension Cultures of Dactylis Glomerata L.

ABSTRACT Plant cell wall proteoglycans are involved in almost every substantial process in plant growth and development and are considered as possible biochemical markers for embryogenic potential, abiotic stress resistance, etc. Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) are of particular interest due to their heterogeneity and abundance in all plant species. In the present study we characterized the distribution of HRGPs recognized by AGPs directed JIM8 and JIM13 and extensins directed JIM12 in salt adapted embryogenic suspension cultures of Dactylis glomerata L. The results obtained from Western blot analysis revealed that HRGPs are predominantly localized in the growth medium in salt treated cultures and are observed at the top of the separating gel with MW above 200 kDa. The presence of 43 kDa fraction, specific for JIM12 only in growth medium from salt-treated cultures is considered as a molecular marker for stress adaptation. The protein fractions detected by all antibodies in growth medium of salt treated cultures after SDS-PAGE in reducing conditions suggest the availability of non classical AGPs. Immunolocalization showed cell type specific and salt affected distribution of the JIM8 and JIM13 epitopes on the cell surface and implied that AGPs might have a specific role in the stress response and determination of the cell fate during somatic embryogenesis.
Survival of Migrating Atlantic Salmon Smolts through the Penobscot River, Maine: a Prerestoration Assessment

Abstract Survival, distribution, and behavior of hatchery (n = 493) and naturally reared (n = 133) smolts of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar migrating through the Penobscot River and estuary in Maine were evaluated with acoustic telemetry in 2005 and 2006. Survival and use of a secondary migration path (the Stillwater Branch) were estimated with a multistate mark–recapture model. Higher rates of mortality per kilometer (range = 0.01–0.22) were observed near release sites and within reaches that contained three particular dams: Howland, West Enfield, and Milford dams. Estimated total survival of tagged hatchery smolts through entire individual reaches containing those dams ranged from 0.52 ( 0.18) to 0.94 ( 0.09), whereas survival through most of the reaches without dams exceeded 0.95. Of those smolts that survived to the Penobscot River–Stillwater Branch split at Marsh Island, most (≥74%) remained in the main stem around Marsh Island, where they experienced lower survival than fish that used the Stillwater Br.
Effect of Gypsum Compared with that of Grasses on the Yield of Forage Crops on a Highly Sodic Soil

SUMMARY A field experiment was conducted from 1979 to 1986 to compare the amelioration of a highly sodic soil by the application of gypsum compared with that achieved by growing Karnal or Para grass for between one and three years. After studies of the growth of rice and wheat on the experimental plots, the growth of four forage crops, less tolerant of sodic conditions, was studied between 1984 and 1986. The forage yields suggest that their order of tolerance to soil sodicity is Persian clover > Egyptian clover > teosinte > maize, the rabi (winter season) forage crops being more tolerant than the kharif (rainy season) ones.