Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Macroeconomic Effect and Fiscal Policy on Poverty in Indonesia

Poverty is a problem that must be overcome immediately by a developing country. Therefore, various efforts were made to find factors that significantly affect poverty in order to design an alleviation strategy. This study aims to determine the impact of macroeconomic effect and fiscal policy on poverty poverty in all the Indonesian provinces from 2018 to 2020. The macroeconomic effect proxied by unemployment, Human Development Index (HDI), investment, and economic growth. Besides that, the fiscal policy proxied by social assistance. The data analysis used in this study is panel data. The time-series data used are from 2018 to 2020, and the cross-section data used is from 34 provinces in Indonesia. The model selected in this study is the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). This study found that unemployment had a significant positive effect, and HDI had a significant negative impact on poverty in Indonesia. In contrast, social assistance did not have a significant impact. Simultaneously, unemployment, HDI, and social assistance exert a significant influence.
Nondegenerate symmetric bilinear forms on finite abelian 2-groups

Let 92 be the semigroup of isomorphism classes of finite abelian 2-groups with a nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form having values in Q/Z. Generators for 92 were given by C. T. C. Wall and the known relations among these generators were proved to be complete by A. Kawauchi and S. Kojima. In this article we describe a normal form for such bilinear forms, expressed in terms of Wall's generators, and as a by-product we obtain a simpler proof of the complete- ness of the known relations.
Rotating compressible flows with internal sources and sinks

An analysis is presented that describes a model of the flow field of a rotating compressible fluid in a cylinder with internal sources or sinks of mass, momentum or energy, A solution of the mathematical model is obtained using an expansion in eigenfunctions of the corresponding homogeneous equation. The internal sources or sinks produce countercurrent flows analogous to flows generated by boundary conditions in the classical analysis of the problem. The application of this model to the flow driven by a feed stream or a scoop is discussed. Some sample calculations are presented that illustrate the countercurrent flow produced by sources of mass, the three components of momentum, energy and a mass source/sink combination. Calculations simulating feed introduction and a tails-removal scoop have been performed and the fluid-dynamics solutions have been used to calculate the optimum separative performance of the example centrifuge.
Comprehensive study of tests for normality and symmetry: extending the Spiegelhalter test

Statistical inference in the form of hypothesis tests and confidence intervals often assumes that the distribution(s) being sampled are normal or symmetric. As a result, numerous tests have been proposed in the literature for detecting departures from normality and symmetry. This article initially summarizes the research that has been conducted for developing such tests. The results of an extensive simulation study to compare the power of existing tests for normality is then presented. The effects on power of sample size, significance level, and in particular, alternative distribution shape are investigated. In addition, the power of three modifications to the tests for normality proposed by Spiegelhalter [Spiegelhalter, D.J., 1977, A test for normality against symmetric alternatives. Biometrika, 64, {415–418}; Spiegelhalter, D.J., 1980, An omnibus test for normality for small samples. Biometrika, 67, 493–496. ], which are tailored to particular shape departures from the normal distribution is evaluated. The test for normality suggested by Spiegelhalter [Spiegelhalter, D.J., 1980, An omnibus test for normality for small samples. Biometrika, 67, 493–496. ] is also extended here to serve as a test for symmetry. The results of a simulation study performed to assess the power of this proposed test for symmetry and its comparison with existing tests are summarized and discussed. A key consideration in the assessment of the power of these various tests for symmetry is the ability of the test to maintain the nominal significance level.
Role of Moist Processes in the Tracks of Idealized Midlatitude Surface Cyclones

AbstractThe effects of moist processes on the tracks of midlatitude surface cyclones are studied by performing idealized mesoscale simulations. In each simulation, a finite-amplitude surface cyclone is initialized on the warm-air side of a zonal baroclinic jet. For some simulations, an upper-level cyclonic anomaly upstream of the surface cyclone is also added initially. Sensitivities to the upper-level perturbation and moist processes are analyzed by both performing a relative vorticity budget analysis and adopting a potential vorticity (PV) perspective.Whatever the simulation, there is a systematic crossing of the zonal jet by the surface cyclone occurring after roughly 30 h. A PV inversion tool shows that it is the nonlinear advection of the surface cyclone by the upper-level PV dipole, which explains the cross-jet motion of the surface cyclone. The simulation with an initial upper-level cyclonic anomaly creates a stronger surface cyclone and a more intense upper-level PV dipole than the simulation with.
STATISTICAL EQUILIBRIUM OF COPPER IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE

Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) line formation for neutral copper in the one-dimensional solar atmospheres is presented for the atomic model, including 96 terms of Cu i and the ground state of Cu ii. The accurate oscillator strengths for all the line transitions in model atom and photoionization cross sections were calculated using the R-matrix method in the Russell–Saunders coupling scheme. The main NLTE mechanism for Cu i is the ultraviolet overionization. We find that NLTE leads to systematically depleted total absorption in the Cu i lines and, accordingly, positive abundance corrections. Inelastic collisions with neutral hydrogen atoms produce minor effects on the statistical equilibrium of Cu i in the solar atmosphere. For the solar Cu i lines, the departures from LTE are found to be small, the mean NLTE abundance correction of ∼0.01 dex. It was found that the six low-excitation lines, with excitation energy of the lower level Eexc ⩽ 1.64 eV, give a 0.14 dex lower mean solar abundance compared to that from the six Eexc > 3.7 eV lines, when applying experimental gf-values of Kock & Richter. Without the two strong resonance transitions, the solar mean NLTE abundance from 10 lines of Cu i is log ε☉(Cu) = 4.19 ± 0.10, which is consistent within the error bars with the meteoritic value 4.25 ± 0.05 of Lodders et al. The discrepancy between Eexc = 1.39–1.64 eV and Eexc > 3.7 eV lines can be removed when the calculated gf-values are adopted and a mean solar abundance of log ε☉(Cu) = 4.24 ± 0.08 is derived.
A hysteresis model for planar Hall effect in thin films

Based on the single-domain theory, a hysteresis model of the magnetoresistance ratio of magnetic thin films has been studied with different current-voltage configurations. The influence of the distribution of easy axes on the magnetoresistance was also studied, and results indicated that the peak value of magnetoresistance does not occur at coercivity. Results also suggested that both the multidomains and nonuniform current reduce the MR ratio.
Electron Impact Ionization of C^+,N^+ and P^+ Ions

Absolute cross sections for electron impact ionization of C + , N + and P + ions have been measured for electron energies from threshold up to 1000 eV, using the crossed beam technique. The measured cross sections for both C + and N + ions are in good agreement with the semiempirical Lotz formula over the whole energy range investigated, and also with those previously reported except for near threshold. The results for P + ions show a more rapid rise from the threshold and larger values around the peak than those calculated with the Lotz formula.
Theory and experimental realization of observer-based discrete-time hyperchaos synchronization

Research in the synchronization of dynamical systems has been mainly focused on chaotic rather than hyperchaotic systems and on continuous-time rather than discrete-time systems. Numerical simulations dominate these studies and results typically lack experimental data. This brief fills these gaps by 1) presenting a technique for the exact (dead-beat) synchronization of hyperchaotic discrete-time systems; and 2) describing an electronic implementation of this technique for the generalized Henon map. The synchronization strategy is based on the observer concept and enables a wide class of hyperchaotic discrete-time systems to be synchronized via a scalar signal. An electronic implementation provides verification of the theoretical results and confirms the feasibility of realizing this approach in hardware.
Survival and clinical success of endovascular intervention in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome: A systematic review

Budd-Chiari syndrome is a complex clinical disorder of hepatic venous outflow obstruction, originating from the accessory hepatic vein (HV), large HV, and suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC). This disorder includes both HV and IVC obstructions and hepatopathy. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the survival rate and clinical success of different types of endovascular treatments for Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). All participant studies were retrieved from four databases and selected according to the eligibility criteria for systematic review of patients with BCS. The survival rate, clinical success of endovascular treatments in BCS, and survival rates at 1 and 5 years of publication year were calculated accordingly. A total of 3398 patients underwent an endovascular operation; among them, 93.6% showed clinical improvement after initial endovascular treatment. The median clinical success rates for recanalization, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), and combined procedures were 51%, 17.50%, and 52.50%, respectively. The median survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 51% and 51% for recanalization, 17.50% and 16% for TIPS, and 52.50% and 49.50% for combined treatment, respectively. Based on the year of publication, the median survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 23.50% and 22.50% before 2000, 41% and 41% in 2000‒2005, 35% and 35% in 2006‒2010, 51% and 48.50% in 2010‒2015, and 56% and 55.50% after 2015, respectively. Our findings indicate that the median survival rate at 1 and 5 years of recanalization treatment is higher than that of TIPS treatment, and recanalization provides better clinical improvement. The publication year findings strongly suggest progressive improvements in interventional endovascular therapy for BCS. Thus, interventional therapy restoring the physiologic hepatic venous outflow of the liver can be considered as the treatment of choice for patients with BCS which is a physiological modification procedure.
Thickness dependence of magnetic losses in amorphous FeBSiC ribbon under step dB/dt magnetization

Magnetic properties are reported for thin Fe 80 B 14.5 Si 3.5 C 2 amorphous alloy ribbons between 13 and 83μm thick under step dB/dt (constant voltage) magnetization. Dynamic magnetization curves from negative remanence and half-cycle losses are given for magnetization rates between 20 and 1500 T/ms. The dependence of these properties on ribbon thickness is discussed in terms of saturation wave theory, which describes the rapid magnetization of conducting ferromagnetic ribbons.
Vagal Nerve Activity Predicts Prognosis in Diffused Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma

This study examined the prognostic role of vagal nerve activity in patients with relapsed/refractory diffused large B-cell lymphoma (R/R-DLBCL) treated with chimeric antigen receptor cell therapy (CAR-T) and in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing an autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AutoHCT). Participants included 29 patients with R/R-DLBCL and 37 patients with MM. Inclusion criteria were: (1) age over 18; (2) diagnosed with DLBCL or MM; (3) being treated with CAR-T or AutoHCT; and (4) having an ECG prior to cell transfusion. The predictor was vagal nerve activity indexed by heart rate variability (HRV) and obtained retroactively from 10 s ECGs. The main endpoint for R/R-DLBCL was overall survival (OS), and for MM the endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Data of 122 patients were obtained, 66 of whom were included in the study. In DLBCL, HRV significantly predicted OS independently of confounders (e.g., performance status, disease status at cell therapy), hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence interval (HR = 0.20; 95%CI: 0.06–0.69). The prognostic role of disease severity was moderated by HRV: among severely disease patients, 100% died with low HRV, while only 37.5% died with high HRV. In MM, HRV significantly predicted PFS (HR = 0.19; 95%CI: 0.04–0.90) independently of confounders. Vagal nerve activity independently predicts prognosis in patients with R/R-DLBCL and with MM undergoing cell therapy. High vagal activity overrides the prognostic role of disease severity. Testing the effects of vagal nerve activation on prognosis in blood cancers is recommended.
Must It Be Lonely at the Top? Developing Leader Well-Being in Organizations

The Problem Human resource development (HRD) scholars and practitioners have given considerable attention to the topic of employee well-being; however, scholarship on the well-being of leaders in organizations is fragmented and comparatively understudied. The Solution We conducted an integrative literature review of empirical research on factors that influence leader well-being to synthesize research across various disciplines and generate novel insights that could benefit HRD scholars and practitioners. The findings of this review revealed factors that influence leader well-being at five levels: intra-individual, individual, dyadic/group, organizational, and environmental. We mapped these factors onto a model with mediating mechanisms (i.e., constructive or destructive leader behaviors) and outcomes of leader well-being. Outcomes included short- and long-term psychological, physical, and social outcomes in the domains of work and life in general. The Stakeholders This article contains implications for leaders in organizations as well as HR and HRD professionals interested in cultivating leader well-being.
Steady flow through a realistic human upper airway geometry

Air flow through a human upper airway (central part) has been carried out using a realistic geometry. In addition to explaining the anatomy, problems and importance of patient‐specific study of human upper airways, this article also presents some qualitative and quantitative simulation results. As expected, the shear and pressure forces are large in the oropharynx and laryngopharynx, where the flow passage is narrow. This clearly indicates that these locations should be the focus of any study aimed at understanding the human upper airway collapse in a patient‐specific manner. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IV Vitamin C in Sepsis: A Latest Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sepsis is a high-incidence disease and demands intensive care. Finding effective treatment is the key to cure sepsis. Studies have shown a lower level of vitamin C in patients with sepsis. Therefore, vitamin C supplementation has become one of the measures to treat sepsis. However, the clinical studies of vitamin C in the treatment of sepsis have been controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate vitamin C's efficacy and safety in the treatment of sepsis. We searched four electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, and two researchers independently screened 24 eligible RCTs published in English. Our review demonstrates that intravenous (IV) vitamin C might improve short-term mortality (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.65–1.02; P=0.07; and I2 = 45%) and overall mortality (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–1.01; P=0.06; and I2 = 51%) of patients with sepsis. Moreover, the SOFA score of patients with sepsis improved significantly after treatment with vitamin C for over 72 hours (RR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09–0.42; P=0.002; and I2 = 0%). The main results of our study were moderate-quality evidence. More high-quality, multicenter RCTs are needed to provide more substantial evidence on the efficacy and safety of IV vitamin C for sepsis.
Fabrication of blazed grating by native substrate grating mask

Abstract. The blazed grating is one of the key elements in a spectrometer. Hence we have adopted a new method of its fabrication. First, the combination of ion beam etching (IBE) and reactive IBE is used to fabricate a native substrate grating mask to replace the traditional photoresist grating mask. This is because the former mask allows for more accurate control of the profile than the latter. Then tilted IBE is used to etch the native substrate grating to ensure the precise control of the blazed angle and antiblazed angle. Therefore, an optimal blazed grating profile is successfully fabricated. Two types of blazed gratings with the same period of 833 nm have been fabricated: one with the blaze angle of 11 deg and the antiblaze angle of 72 deg; and one with the blaze angle of 20 deg and the antiblaze angle of 68.5 deg, respectively.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Liver Transplantation Recipients after Tranexamic Acid Treatment and Platelet Transfusion: A Retrospective Single-Centre Experience

Background and Objectives: Patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) often require increased blood product transfusion due to pre-existing coagulopathy and intraoperative fibrinolysis. Strategies to minimise intraoperative bleeding and subsequent blood product requirements include platelet transfusion and tranexamic acid (TXA). Prophylactic TXA administration has been shown to reduce bleeding and blood product requirements intraoperatively. However, its clinical use is still debated. The aim of this study was to report on a single-centre practice and analyse clinical characteristics and outcomes of LT recipients according to intraoperative treatment of TXA or platelet transfusion. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study in which we reviewed 162 patients’ records. Characteristics, intraoperative requirement of blood products, postoperative development of thrombosis and outcomes were compared between patients without or with intraoperative TXA treatment and without or with platelet transfusion. Results: Intraoperative treatment of TXA and platelets was 53% and 57.40%, respectively. Patients who required intraoperative administration of TXA or platelet transfusion also required more transfusion of blood products. Neither TXA nor platelet transfusion were associated with increased postoperative development of hepatic artery and portal vein thrombosis, 90-day mortality or graft loss. There was a significant increase in the median length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay in those who received platelet transfusion only (2.00 vs. 3.00 days; p = 0.021). Time to extubate was significantly different in both those who required TXA and platelet transfusion intraoperatively. Conclusions: Our analysis indicates that LT recipients still required copious intraoperative transfusion of blood products, despite the use of intraoperative TXA and platelets. Our findings have important implications for current transfusion practice in LT recipients and may guide clinicians to act upon these findings, which will support global efforts to encourage a wider use of TXA to reduce transfusion requirements, including platelets.
Voice‐based AI in call center customer service: A natural field experiment

Voice‐based artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been recently deployed to replace traditional interactive voice response (IVR) systems in call center customer service. However, there is little evidence that sheds light on how the implementation of AI systems impacts customer behavior, as well as AI systems’ effects on call center customer service performance. By leveraging the proprietary data obtained from a natural field experiment in a large telecommunication company, we examine how the introduction of a voice‐based AI system affects call length, customers’ demand for human service, and customer complaints in call center customer service. We find that the implementation of the AI system temporarily increases the duration of machine service and customers’ demand for human service; however, it persistently reduces customer complaints. Furthermore, our results reveal interesting heterogeneity in the effectiveness of the voice‐based AI system. For relatively simple service requests, the AI system reduces customer complaints for both experienced and inexperienced customers. However, for complex requests, customers appear to learn from the prior experience of interacting with the AI system, which leads to fewer complaints. Moreover, the AI‐based system has a significantly larger effect on reducing customer complaints for older and female customers as well as for customers who have had extensive experience using the IVR system. Finally, we find that speech‐recognition failures in customer‐AI interactions lead to increases in customers’ demand for human service and customer complaints. The results from this study provide implications for the implementation of an AI system in call center operations.
Generalizations of the Sign Detector Based on Conditional Tests

Generalizations of the simple sign detector are considered for nonparametric detection. Nonparametric operation is obtained with only a symmetry assumption on the noise density functions, by basing the detectors on conditional statistical tests. The performance (both asymptotic and finite-sample, finite-signal) of the generalized sign detector is shown to be very good compared to the Wilcoxon detector and to the linear detector, whereas the detector structure remains simple.
Current State and Future Challenges for PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy

Simple Summary Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a key regulator of many cellular processes and its hyperactivation promotes tumor cell growth and survival. A broad evaluation of the upstream and downstream nodes of its pathway allowed the discovery of several PI3K inhibitors (PI3Ki) with anti-tumor activity. However, the highly intrinsic toxicity and the onset of therapeutic resistance can limit their clinical application. To increase the antitumor effect and the therapeutic index, combination strategies and new dosing schedules have been investigated. However, further efforts are necessary to discover potentially actionable genetic alterations towards the goal of precision medicine. Abstract The phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB/AKT)-mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) axis is a key signal transduction system that links oncogenes and multiple receptor classes which are involved in many essential cellular functions. Aberrant PI3K signalling is one of the most commonly mutated pathways in cancer. Consequently, more than 40 compounds targeting key components of this signalling network have been tested in clinical trials among various types of cancer. As the oncogenic activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway often occurs alongside mutations in other signalling networks, combination therapy should be considered. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the knowledge of the PI3K pathway and discuss the current state and future challenges of targeting this pathway in clinical practice.