Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Workbook

Despite the existence of effective and economical psychological interventions for many mental disorders, the adoption of these treatments in service provision settings worldwide has lagged. A major gap persists between the development and identification of such interventions and their availability to the general public. Building upon the multidisciplinary literature on the science of dissemination and implementation, Dissemination and Implementation of Evidence-Based Psychological Interventions examines state-of-the-art programs to improve access to psychological interventions. Renowned experts describe leading efforts to facilitate the transport of evidencebased treatments, alongside innovative strategies for achieving the goals presented. Analyzing dissemination and implementation programs that range in aims and scope and include both national and local efforts, this book is divided into two parts. Chapters in Part I provide discussion of the history of evidence-based psychological interventions and the need for dissemination and implementation, an overview of the science of dissemination and implementation, and a review of the effectiveness of methods for clinician training. Chapters in Part II describe leading dissemination and implementation programs internationally, including the procedures and practices utilized and data on outcomes. The book concludes with a chapter by the volume's editors that proposes and discusses ten of the most important future directions for the science and practice of dissemination and implementation in mental health care. A crucial challenge in the field today is to translate the successes of treatment development research into the reduction of the public health burden of mental illness on individuals, families, and societies. This pioneering volume will be central to that effort and an essential resource for mental health practitioners and researchers, as well as decision-makers throughout the mental health care system.
Characterization of the 11-Year Solar Signal Using a Multiple Regression Analysis of the ERA-40 Dataset

Abstract A multiple linear regression analysis of the ERA-40 dataset for the period 1979–2001 has been used to study the influence of the 11-yr solar cycle on atmospheric temperature and zonal winds. Volcanic, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), ENSO, and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) signatures are also presented. The solar signal is shown to be readily distinguishable from the volcanic signal. The main solar signal is a statistically significant positive response (i.e., warmer in solar maximum) of 1.75 K over the equator with peak values at 43 km and a reversed signal of similar magnitude at high latitudes that is seasonally dependent. Consistent with this is a statistically significant zonal wind response of up to 6 m s−1 in the subtropical upper stratosphere/lower mesosphere that is also seasonally dependent. The wind anomalies are westerly/easterly in solar maximum/minimum. In addition, there is a statistically significant temperature response in the subtropical lower stratosphere that shows similar.
DELIVER US FROM EVIL : RELIGION AS INSURANCE

This paper addresses a new aspect of the relationship between life events and life satisfaction by focusing on the impact of religiosity. Earlier research (Lelkes, 2004) has shown, using Hungarian data, that income has a smaller effect on life satisfaction among religious people, and were less affected by economic transition than others. Following this, we here ask whether a number of important negative correlates of life satisfaction “matter” less to the religious. These events include separation, divorce, widowhood and unemployment. We use two large-scale European data sets to address the question of the role of religion in mitigating the effect of adverse events. The first dataset (the 2002 European Social Survey) is multi-country and cross-section, while the second (the British Household Panel Survey) is single-country and panel. As is often found, the religious, by whatever measure, report higher levels of life satisfaction in Europe, even after controlling for age, income, education, labour market status, marital status and country. Religion does temper the impact of major life events. Broadly, Catholics are punished for marital breakdown, while Protestants are punished for unemployment. Both regular churchgoing and prayer protect against unemployment but punish marital breakdown. All of these effects are larger for women than for men. Religion plays a greater role in times or crisis for women than for men, especially when they are involved in the institutional aspects of religiosity. These results do not seem to result from the endogeneity of religion. We suggest that religion may help us to understand the economic and social institutions regarding marriage and the labour market.
Historical Development of Zircon Geochronology

An exact knowledge of rock formation ages is perhaps the single most important tool needed for assembling the geologic record into a coherent history. Moreover, the age of Earth and the time scale of pre-human events are central to a civilization’s sense of origin and purpose. Therefore, the quest for precise and reliable geochronometers has had a scientific and a cultural importance that few other enterprises can match. Since the beginning of the last century it has been recognized that long-lived radioactive decay systems provide the only valid means of quantifying geologic time. The uranium-lead decay system has always played a central role for several reasons. Minerals that contain very high U concentrations, although rare, are well known and easily obtained. The half lives of the natural U isotopes 238U and 235U are long enough to span all of Earth’s history but short enough that both parent and radiogenic daughter elements could be measured in such minerals even with the methods of a century ago. After the discovery that the U decay system is paired \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[^{238}U\ {\rightarrow}\ ^{206}Pb\ +\ 8\ {\alpha}\ +\ 6\ {\beta}^{{-}}\ (T_{1/2}\ =\ 4468\ Myr)\] \end{document} \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[^{235}U\ {\rightarrow}\ ^{207}Pb\ +\ 7\ {\alpha}\ +\ 4\ {\beta}^{{-}}\ (T_{1/2}\ =\ 704\ Myr)\] \end{document} it was realized that two age determinations could be made on the same sample using the same two elements. If the system has been closed to mobility of parent or daughter these two ages should agree, thus furnishing an internal test on the accuracy of the age. Further, the chemical coupling of the decays allows the age of the radiogenic daughter to be determined solely from its isotopic composition without knowing the parent-daughter ratio, a more difficult and less reliable parameter to measure. The wide utilization of the U-Pb geochronometer would not have been possible without the mineral zircon (ZrSiO4). Zircon normally contains U in concentrations well above its host rock average but discriminates strongly against the daughter element Pb during crystallization. …
Genetic Characterization of Natural Gases

Natural gases can be characterized genetically using four properties: C2+ concentration, carbon and hydrogen isotope variations in methane, and carbon isotope variation in ethane. Three diagrams for genetic characterization of gases have been designed in which the carbon isotopic composition of methane is correlated with the other parameters. In these diagrams, compositional fields have been defined for primary gases (biogenic, thermogenic associated, and thermogenic nonassociated) and for gases which result from mixing of these gases. These fields are strictly empirical and comprise compositional variations found in about 500 natural gases. The isotopic and compositional variations in natural gases can be described in terms of (1) processes during formation of the gases such as bacterial fermentation or maturation of organic matter, and (2) processes during secondary migration. Mixing of primary gases is an important and common process. Migration of gases predominantly affects the C2+ concentration, whereas the isotopic properties of gaseous hydrocarbons primarily remain unchanged, allowing an assessment of the origin of migrated gases and properties of their source rocks. The formation of gas from humic organic matter and coals is not yet clear from published data. The diagrams use data from various basins and areas. Interstitial gases from the Gulf of California are entirely of bacterial origin: traces of thermogenic gases are formed only in the vicinity of dolerite sills; gases in the south German Molasse basin and in the Vienna basin are of bacterial, mixed, and thermogenic origins. Data from the north Italian Po basin provide examples for genetic characterization of migrated gases.
The origin of present‐day Antarctic precipitation from surface snow deuterium excess data

The deuterium excess (d) is defined as a linear combination of the D/H and 18 O/ 16 O ratios in natural waters. We present an interpretation of deuterium excess data in surface Antarctic snow, using an isotopic model to derive information on the origin of present-day Antarctic precipitation. The data come from near the coast (D47, Adelie Land) and from inland (south pole, 1000 km from the sea). The one-dimensional isotopic model belongs to the Rayleigh family but fully accounts for mixed cloud processes between 0°C and −30°C. Modeling d in polar snowfalls meets the problem of a large sensitivity to the saturation conditions prevailing at snow formation. Therefore we decided to tune the saturation in the model in order to yield realistic mean d values, but we use the seasonal phase of d versus δ, which is less sensitive to the saturation conditions, as an independent validation of the model predictions. Both inland and near the coast, our model can simulate the observed phase between d and δ in snow with moisture of subtropical origin (40°-20°S). Although we do not treat specifically storm precipitation near the coast, this study indicates that the observed phase between d and δ brings up a new validation of isotopic models. It supports a distant vapor source for large-scale precipitation delivered to the Antarctic continent.
Synaptic Tagging and Cross-Tagging: The Role of Protein Kinase Mζ in Maintaining Long-Term Potentiation But Not Long-Term Depression

Protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ) is a persistently active protein kinase C isoform that is synthesized during long-term potentiation (LTP) and is critical for maintaining LTP. According to “synaptic tagging,” newly synthesized, functionally important plasticity-related proteins (PRPs) may prolong potentiation not only at strongly tetanized pathways, but also at independent, weakly tetanized pathways if synaptic tags are set. We therefore investigated whether PKMζ is involved in tagging and contributes to a sustained potentiation by providing strong and weak tetanization to two independent pathways and then disrupting the function of the kinase by a selective myristoylated ζ-pseudosubstrate inhibitory peptide. We found that persistent PKMζ activity maintains potentiated responses, not only of the strongly tetanized pathway, but also of the weakly tetanized pathway. In contrast, an independent, nontetanized pathway was unaffected by the inhibitor, indicating that the function of PKMζ was specific to the tagged synapses. To further delineate the specificity of the function of PKMζ in synaptic tagging, we examined synaptic “cross-tagging,” in which late LTP in one input can transform early into late long-term depression (LTD) in a separate input or, alternatively, late LTD in one input can transform early into late LTP in a second input, provided that the tags of the weak inputs are set. Although the PKMζ inhibitor reversed late LTP, it did not prevent the persistent depression at the weakly stimulated, cross-tagged LTD input. Conversely, although the agent did not reverse late LTD, it blocked the persistent potentiation of weakly tetanized, cross-tagged synapses. Thus, PKMζ is the first LTP-specific PRP and is critical for the transformation of early into late LTP during both synaptic tagging and cross-tagging.
Impacts of temperature regimes and radiation (PAR and UVR) conditions on the possible geographic distribution of desmids

18 INTRODUCTION . 19 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 20 RESULTS . 26 DISCUSSION . 32 REFERENCES . 37 3. Adaptation of growth and photosynthesis to certain temperature regimes is an indicator for the geographic distribution of Cosmarium strains (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta) . 41 ABSTRACT . 41. 4
Ecomont ecological effects of land use changes on european terrestrial mountain ecosystems

As a contribution to the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Initiative (TERI) within Framework IV of the EU, ECOMONT aims at investigating ecological effects of land-use changes in European terrestrial mountain ecosystems. ECOMONT is coordinated by Prof Cernusca (University of Innsbruck) and is carried out by eight European partner teams in the Eastern Alps, the Swiss Alps, the Spanish Pyrennees and the Scottish Highlands. ECOMONT focuses on an analysis of structures and processes in the context of land-use changes, scaling from the leaf to the landscape level. The following research topics are being investigated: Spatial distribution of vegetation and soil in the composite experimental sites; physical and chemical soil properties, SOM status and turnover; canopy structure, primary production, and litter decomposition; water relations of ecosystems and hydrology of catchment areas; microclimate and energy budget of ecosystems; gas exchange of single plants and ecosystems; gas exchange between the composite experimental sites and the atmosphere, population and plant biology of keyspecies, plant-animal interactions, potential risks through land-use changes; GIS; remote sensing - environmental mapping; modeling activities integrating from plant to ecosystem and landscape level. First results of ECOMONT show that land-use changes have strong impacts on vegetation composition, structure and processes, on soil physics and chemistry, and therefore strongly affect exchange processes with the atmosphere and biogeochemical cycles. Abandonment of traditional agricultural practices (grazing, mowing) causes characteristic changes of the vegetation. In most cases a successional reversion over many decades reaches its climax with the vegetation growing naturally at the sites. Sometimes, however, abandonment can also lead fo a degradation of vegetation and soil. In spite of common principles of changes of vegetation, soils and related processes with altered land-use geology, climate, exposition, slope inclination and land-use history may play an important role in determining species composition and specific patterns and processes on a community, ecosystem and landscape level in different European terrestrial mountain ecosystems.
Oceanic 13C/12C observations: A new window on ocean CO2 uptake

Equations are developed describing the rate of change of carbon isotopic ratios in the atmosphere and oceans in terms of δ13C quantities. The equations enable one to perform calculations directly with δ and ϵ quantities commonly reported in the literature. The main cause of the change occurring today is the combustion of fossil fuel carbon with lower δ13C values. The course of this isotopic anomaly in atmosphere and oceans can provide new constraints on the carbon budgets of these reservoirs. Recently published δ13C isotopic data of total inorganic carbon in the oceans [Quay et al., 1992] appear to lead to incompatible results with respect to the uptake of fossil fuel CO2 by the oceans if two different approaches to the data are taken. Consideration of the air-sea isotopic disequilibrium leads to an uptake estimate of only a few tenths of a gigaton C (Gt, for 1015 g) per year, whereas the apparent change in the ocean δ13C inventory leads to an estimate of more than 2 Gt C yr−1. Both results are very uncertain with presently available data. The isotopic ratio has the advantage that the signal-to-noise ratio for the measurement of the uptake of the isotopic signal by the oceans is better than for the uptake of total carbon, The drawback is that isotopic exchange with carbon reservoirs that are difficult to characterize introduces uncertainty into the isotopic budget. The accuracy requirements for the measurements are high, demanding careful standardization at all stages.
Spatial patterns of water surface topography at a river confluence

Understanding flow structures in river confluences has largely been the product of interpretations made from measured flow velocity data. Here, we turn the attention to the investigation of the patterns of both the average and standard deviations of the micro‐topography of the water surface at an asymmetrical natural discordant confluence for different flow conditions. Water surface topography is measured using a total station to survey the position of a reflector mounted on a custom‐built raft. To limit error problems related to changes in the water level, measurements are taken and analysed by cross‐stream transects where five water surface profiles are taken before moving to the next transect. Three‐dimensional numerical simulations of the flow dynamics at the field site are used to examine predicted water surface topography for a steady‐state situation. The patterns are interpreted with respect to flow structure dynamics, visual observations of boils, and bed topography. Results indicate that coherent patterns emerge at the water surface of a discordant bed confluence for different flow conditions. The zone of stagnation and the mixing layer are characterized by super‐elevation, a lateral tilt is present at the edge of the mixing layer, and a zone of super‐elevation is present on the tributary side at the downstream junction corner. The latter seems associated with periodical upwelling and is not present in the numerical simulations that do not take into account instantaneous velocity fluctuations. Planform curvature, topographic steering related to the tributary mouth bar, and turbulent structures associated with the mixing layer all play a key role in the pattern of both the average and standard deviation of the water surface topography at confluences. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do Sportfish Consumption Advisories Affect Reservoir Anglers’ Site Choice?

Increasing numbers of freshwater ecosystems have had sportfish consumption advisories posted in recent years. Advisories are sometimes issued in lieu of environmental remediation if they are considered more cost-effective than “cleaning up” the resource, but this approach assumes that anglers adjust behavior in response to the warning. Previous studies, however, suggest that compliance with advisories can be quite low. In contrast, this study measures a statistically significant response by reservoir anglers to consumption advisories. In particular, anglers are less likely to choose to visit a reservoir with an advisory than a similar reservoir without an advisory. Furthermore, the economic losses due to advisories are quantified for anglers in two regions of Tennessee.
Mechanism of transcriptional regulation of LRP16 gene expression by 17-β estradiol in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells

LRP16 gene expression is induced by 17- estradiol (E2) via estrogen receptor alpha (ER) in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. A previous study also demonstrated that ectopic expression of LRP16 gene promoted MCF-7 cell proliferation. To explore the mechanism of hormone-induced LRP16 gene expression, the LRP16 gene promoter region (–2600 to –24 bp upstream of the LRP16 gene translation starting site) was analyzed in the present study by using different 58-truncated constructs, and a luciferase reporter. The 58-flanking sequence of –676 to –24 bp (pGL3-S5) was found to be E2-responsive. After exchange of the fragment from –213 to –24 bp with the TK gene proximal promoter region in pGL3-S5, E2 still induced reporter gene activity in MCF-7 and HeLa cells. Sequence analysis showed that the pGL3-S6 (–676 to –214) sequence contains two motifs that may contribute to E2-induced transactivation; namely, an estrogen-responsive element (ERE) half-site/Sp1 at –246 to –227 bp and an E-box site at –225 to –219 bp. Further deletion and mutation analysis of these two motifs indicated that both the 1/2 ERE and Sp1 binding sites were required for E2 action, while E-box deletion did not affect the luciferase activity in MCF-7 and HeLa cells. The results of gel mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that both ER and Sp1 were required for hormone-induced transactivation, which involved both ER and Sp1 directly binding to DNA. Taken together, these findings suggest that ER and Sp1 play a role in activation of the human LRP16 gene promoter.
Methane in the tropical South Atlantic: Sources and distribution during the late dry season

Methane (CH 4 ) mixing ratios in the South Atlantic basin were sampled from a DC-8 aircraft during the TRACE A expedition over the months of September and October 1992. This high-precision (± 0.1%), high-resolution data set (independent measurements every 5 s) includes a total of 67,335 observations and ranges from 1586.6 to 2152.8 parts per billion by volume (ppbv). The observed values were influenced by emissions from biomass burning and local urban/industrial areas, stratosphere-troposphere exchange, active convective mixing, and possible long-range transport of pollution. Average mixing ratios increased from the atmospheric mixed layer (0-2 km) to the free troposphere (2-6 km) and were greatest at altitudes above 6 km. A longitudinal trend observed between 5°N and 40°S latitude suggests that CH 4 inputs were greater on the South American side of the basin. A latitudinal trend in values between the near-surface and 11 km exhibits the expected gradient from north to south, but differs from the latitudinal gradient observed in surface level clean air at this time. Higher concentrations at altitude, at least at this time of year, indicate that ground-based atmospheric monitoring sites may underestimate pollution inputs to the region.
Mapping short DNA sequencing reads and calling variants using mapping quality scores.

New sequencing technologies promise a new era in the use of DNA sequence. However, some of these technologies produce very short reads, typically of a few tens of base pairs, and to use these reads effectively requires new algorithms and software. In particular, there is a major issue in efficiently aligning short reads to a reference genome and handling ambiguity or lack of accuracy in this alignment. Here we introduce the concept of mapping quality, a measure of the confidence that a read actually comes from the position it is aligned to by the mapping algorithm. We describe the software MAQ that can build assemblies by mapping shotgun short reads to a reference genome, using quality scores to derive genotype calls of the consensus sequence of a diploid genome, e.g., from a human sample. MAQ makes full use of mate-pair information and estimates the error probability of each read alignment. Error probabilities are also derived for the final genotype calls, using a Bayesian statistical model that incorporates the mapping qualities, error probabilities from the raw sequence quality scores, sampling of the two haplotypes, and an empirical model for correlated errors at a site. Both read mapping and genotype calling are evaluated on simulated data and real data. MAQ is accurate, efficient, versatile, and user-friendly. It is freely available at http://maq.sourceforge. net.