Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do changes in the water regime determine the abundance of the copepod trophic group in a Neotropical floodplain?

2021, vol. 33, e102. Abstract: Aim: Our study evaluated the effects of extreme weather events and environmental conditions on the trophic groups of copepods (herbivores and omnivores) in the upper Paraná River floodplain. Methods: The zooplankton were collected and Copepods and Rotifers were analyzed in nine environments of the upper Paraná River floodplain during 2000 and 2010, during which time the La Niña (drought) and El Niño (flood) climatic events occurred, respectively. Results: The results suggest that in periods of extreme drought productivity-related variables act as determining forces on abundance of copepod trophic groups due to the contraction of aquatic ecosystems. Although the abundance of trophic groups is associated with system productivity, the responses between them differ, since herbivore abundance was associated with chlorophyll- a and total phosphorus and omnivores with rotifer abundance. In extreme flood (El Niño), no significant relationship was found between environmental variables and any trophic group. Conclusions: In general, it is believed that in periods of extreme drought the variables associated with productivity act as determining forces on the abundance of trophic groups of copepods due to the contraction of aquatic ecosystems. According to the results found, it is suggested that other works be carried out with a greater number of extreme events to corroborate our results and, and also to extrapolate
Injection of supercritical ethylene in nitrogen

The injection of supercritical fuel into a quiescent gas environment was experimentally studied to elucidate the effects of thermophysical and transport properties near the critical point on jet appearance, shock structures, and choking. Ethylene and nitrogen were used to simulate interactions between fuel and air. Conditions near the thermodynamic critical point of ethylene are considered, with supercritical temperatures and pressures upstream of the injector and subcritical pressures downstream of the injector. Flow visualization showed an opaque region resulting from fuel condensation when fuel was injected at near room temperature. At higher injectant temperatures, the ethylene jet was found to have a shock structure similar to that of an underexpanded ideal-gas jet. Mass flow rates were found to be insensitive to the variation of back pressure, indicating that the jet flow is choked. Mass flow rates were normalized by those values calculated for ideal-gas jets under the same conditions. The normalized mass flow rate first increases as injection conditions approach the critical temperature, apparently because of the rapid increase in fluid density, and then decreases, possibly as a result of the coexistence of liquid and gas phases at the nozzle exit.
STUDIES ON THE PHASE I CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS OF ARTESUNATE AND ARTEMETHER

Artesunate and artemether, two active derivatives of qinghaosu, are effective in the treatment of various kinds of malaria. This paper reports the clinical pharmacokinetic studies of artesunate and artemether in healthy volunteers using radioimmunoassay. The serum concentration-time courses of artesunate after intravenous injection at doses of 2.0 and 3.8mg/kg were shown to fit to a two-compartment model with major pharmacokinetic parameters as follows: t(1/2)β, 0.5 and 0.6-0.8h; Vss, 0.1-0.6 and 0.3-0.4 l/kg and CL_t 0.4-1.2 and 0.2-0.5 l/kg·h, respectively. Urinary excretion of the drug in 7h after administration was shown to be in the range of 0.1-6.8%. After intramuscular injection of three different dosages of artemether, no significant differences in the peak serum concentration of the drug were observed. The peak time was shown to be 4-9h. But the MRT markedly increased with increasing dosage. At the dose of 3.2, 6.0 and 10.0 mg/kg the MRT were found to be 10.2±0.8, 15.6±3.8 and 19.0±5.8h, respectively. This suggests that the absorption of artemether from the site of injection is a saturable process.
Compatibility of vegetable fibers with Portland cement and its relationship with the physical properties

The use of vegetable fiber residue in cementitious matrices can be a sustainable technological alternative; however, it still has problems related to the chemical compatibility between the cement and the fibers. The present study evaluated the compatibility of vegetable fibers with cement using three methods of calculation and determined certain physical properties of the fibers and the curve of the temporal evolution of temperature for each composite. The surfaces of the composites were evaluated through atomic force microscope images and the results showed that the pretreatment of fiber washing significantly favors the compatibility with cement for fibers of eucalyptus, coconut and cocoa, with no influence for water hyacinth fiber. Bivariate correlation analyses showed that the compatibility of the composites is favored by the reduction in the degree of swelling, packing density and specific mass. The results showed that there is a potential use of plant fiber in civil construction and that the physical properties of each type of fiber can offer elements for its selection and pretreatment.
Studies on method and rate of fertilizer application in apple under mulch in north-western Himalayas

ABSTRACT Different methods of fertilizer application-drip fertigation and conventional fertilizer application under drip, surface irrigation, and rainfed conditions were evaluated during 2009–2012 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Shimla, India. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD), replicated thrice. Results suggest that fertigation significantly increased growth parameters over conventional methods. Fruit yield was significantly higher under fertigation (13.7 t ha−1) over conventional fertilizer application with drip (11.6 t ha−1), surface irrigation (10.6 t ha−1), and under rainfed (8.6 t ha−1). Fruit quality parameters were also superior under fertigation. Fertigation maintained higher available nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) content in 0-30 cm soil layers. Available phosphorus (P) was higher in 0-20 cm soil depths in all the treatments. Fertigation with 80 and 100 percent recommended NPK dose registered statistically comparable results. In addition to higher productivity, fertigation resulted in 20 percent fertilizer savings over drip irrigation and 20 percent fertilizer besides 40 percent water savings over surface irrigation.
Interface thermal conductance and the thermal conductivity of multilayer thin films

Accurate and simple measurements of the thermal conductivity of thin films deposited on high thermal conductivity substrates have been recently enabled by the development of an AC hot-wire method, the 3ω method. Recent progress in the measurement and understanding of heat transport in ultra-thin films (1 μm thick) and multilayers is reviewed, and the possibility of using solid-solid interfaces on nanometer length scales to control heat transport in thin film materials is explored. The finite thermal conductance of solid-solid interfaces becomes important when considering heat transport in single layer films < 100 nm thick. Through the use of multilayer films-for example, epitaxial superlattices of crystalline semiconductors or nanometer-thick layers of amorphous and microcrystalline oxides-we can study materials with an extremely high and controllable density of internal interfaces, and evaluate the effect of these interfaces on heat transport. For the case of Si-Ge superlattices, the relatively large mismatch of the vibrational properties of silicon and germanium creates a larger reduction in thermal conductivity than for GaAs-AlAs superlattices. Surprisingly, heat conduction in multilayers of disordered oxides is essentially unchanged by a high interface density.
An uncommon Cu[2+4]O6 coordination polyhedron in the crystal structure of KCu3(OH)2[(AsO4)H(AsO4)] (with a comparison to related structure types)

Cristallisation dans C2/m avec affinement jusqu'a 0,033. La structure ressemble a celle de NaCu 2 (OH) 2 [AsO 4 H(AsO 4 )] et Cu 2 O(SO 4 ). Les deux tetraedres arseniates forment des dimeres car ils sont relies par liaison hydrogene (2,490 A)
A biochemical and proteomic approach to the analysis of tomato mutant fruit growth

To assess the effects of ABA deficiency on tomato fruit growth, the ABA mutant flacca was grown in an optimal soil water regime and various analyzes were performed, including morphological (fruit number, diameter and fruit biomass), physiological (duration of growth and fruit growth rate), biochemical (ABA accumulation, enzyme cell wall peroxidase activity) as well as proteomics. The fruit growth analysis showed that the slower fruit growth rate and development resulted in smaller flacca fruits in comparison to the wild-type fruits. The comparison of the temporal dynamics of cell wall peroxidase activity and ABA content in our experiment indicated an opposite relationship during fruit development. Proteomic analysis and the down-regulation of most proteins from carbon and amino acid metabolism, the translation and processing of proteins, energy metabolism and cell wall-related metabolism in the flacca fruits compared to the wild type, indicated reduced metabolic flux which reflected a slower fruit growth and development and reduced fruit size in the ABA mutant. These findings also indicated that ABA limited carbon sources, which could be responsible for the reduced fruit growth and size of ABA-deficient tomato fruits. The up-regulation of sulfur and oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins in the flacca fruits implicated the maintenance of photosynthesis in the late expansion phase, which slows down transition to the ripening stage. The majority of antioxidative and stress defence proteins were down-regulated in the flacca fruits, which could be related to the role of ABA in the activity of different antioxidative enzymes as well as in regulating cell wall expansion and the cessation of fruit growth.
Economic Games: An Introduction and Guide for Research

Prosocial behaviors constitute vital ingredients for all types of social interactions and relationships as well as for society at large. Corresponding to this significance, the study of prosocial behaviors has received considerable attention across scientific disciplines. A striking feature of this research is that most disciplines rely on economic games to measure actual prosocial behavior in controlled experimental settings. However, empirical research often fails to fully exploit the richness of this class of paradigms. The current work aims to overcome this issue by providing a theory-driven overview of and introduction to the variety of economic games for researchers in psychology and beyond. Specifically, we introduce prominent theories of games (Game Theory and Interdependence Theory) and show how the concepts from these theories can be integrated in a unifying theoretical framework considering games as providing specific situational affordances for behavior. Additionally, we describe several games in detail, including their structural features, the affordances they involve, the social motives that may guide behavior, the flexibility they entail to manipulate specific situational aspects and, thus, affordances, and typical research findings. We conclude that tailored selection and combination of games and game variants allows to obtain a unique understanding of the underlying psychological processes involved in prosocial behavior. As a practical tool for researchers, we also provide standardized game instructions and guidelines for the implementation of games in future research. Ultimately, the review can foster optimal use of economic games in future work and thereby set the stage for high-class, replicable, and innovative research on human prosociality.
Effects of gender and cognitive style on students’ learning retention in social studies using computer-based instructional puzzle

The need to promote learning retention through the adoption of techniques that enhance active participation of the learners in the teaching learning process has resulted into the design of computer-based instructional puzzle in social studies in this study. However, gender and cognitive style have been found to influence learning premised on the technique adopted in the instructional delivery. The study therefore investigated the effects of gender and cognitive style on secondary school students’ learning retention in social studies. The study adopted a pretest-posttest and delayed-test quasi-experimental design. Four junior secondary schools were purposively selected within Ilesa metropolis of Osun State. Intact class was used in each of the schools and a total of 141 participants were involved. The instruments for data collection were Social Studies Achievement Test, Cognitive Style Checklist and Computer-based Instructional Puzzle. Three research questions were answered. The result showed that gender does not affect students’ learning retention in social studies. It further revealed that cognitive style does not affect students’ learning retention in social studies. It also revealed lack of combined effect of gender and cognitive style on students’ learning retention in social studies. Premised on the findings, the researcher recommended the adoption of computer-based instructional puzzle in the teaching and learning of social studies.
Normative Conflict & Feuds: The Limits of Self-Enforcement

A normative conflict arises when there exist multiple plausible norms of behavior. In such cases, norm enforcement can lead to a sequence of mutual retaliatory sanctions, which we refer to as a feud. We investigate the hypothesis that normative conflict enhances the likelihood of a feud in a public-good experiment. We find that punishment is much more likely to trigger counter-punishment and start a feud when there is a normative conflict, than in a setting in which no conflict exists. While the possibility of a feud sustains cooperation,the cost of feuding fully offsets the efficiency gains from increased cooperation.
THE EFFECTS OF CULTURAL BASED TEXT TYPES IN READING COMPREHENSION

Background and Purpose: This research aims to investigate the effects of Malay, Chinese and Indian cultural based text types on reading comprehension. Methodology: An exploratory case study research design was employed to explore the use of cultural schemata in reading comprehension of three types of cultural text format: narrative, descriptive and info graphic. The purposive sampling method was used to select participants based on their ethnicities, English proficiency level, and their scores in prior knowledge assessment and retelling assessment. A total of 15 students, between 11- 12 years old, were selected. The retelling technique in written form, a comprehension test and an interview protocol were used as instruments to gather data in this research and they were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Findings: The overall findings have shown that the comprehension test scores showed better performance in info graphic texts. However, the retelling assessment scores showed better performance in retelling narrative texts. The participants’ main reason for text incomprehensibility was due to the unfamiliar cultural content regardless of the types of text format . Contributions: This study aids teachers in their pedagogical decisions when selecting and adapting cultural texts for reading comprehension Keywords: Comprehension test, cultural schemata, reading comprehension, retelling assessment, text types. Cite as: Thirunavukarasu, I. , & Raja Harun, R. N. S. (2021). The effects of cultural based text types in reading comprehension. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 1-23. http://dx.doi. org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp1-23
Epidemiology of Non-communicable Diseases and Risk factors in South African Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV: Implications for Integrated Prevention

Background Adolescents and youth living with HIV (AYLHIV) face an elevated NCD risk resulting from HIV, psychosocial challenges and the complications of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in six primary care facilities to investigate the prevalence of common NCDs and risk factors among AYLHIV in Cape Town, South Africa between March 2019 and January 2020. We collected information on pre-existent and previously unidentified NCDs and risk factors and collected sociodemographic information of adolescents and youth enrolled for primary HIV care. Characteristics between sexes and age groups were compared using parametric or non-parametric statistical tests. Results Three out of four participants were female, and the median age was 20.5 years (IQR 18.9–22.9). More than a quarter were not in education, employment or training (NEET) and 44% were multidimensionally poor. Our results show an existent burden of hypertension (5%) and central obesity (37%) as well as high levels of depression (43%) and psychological distress symptoms (44%). AYLHIV further self-reported high levels of household food insecurity (70%), low fruit and vegetable consumption, high fast-food and sugar-sweetened beverage intake, low nutritional knowledge and insufficient physical activity. Beyond the NCD risk attributable to HIV and ART, these multiple risk factors coupled with early initiation of high-risk behaviours like smoking, alcohol and drug use, further increase risk. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of integrated prevention with NCD risk screening as part of HIV care for AYLHIV and the need for early intervention on social, environmental and economic determinants of NCDs targeting adolescents and youth.
Crop Yield and Physicochemical Properties of Wheat Grains as Affected by Tillage Systems

In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of tillage systems (TS) on wheat grain yield, yield components, and physicochemical properties under rain-fed conditions over 2 years (2018–2019) in the Kuhdasht region in southwestern Iran. The tillage treatments were a combination of conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no tillage (NT) systems based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. Wheat grain yields and yield components, physical properties (geometrical dimensions, sphericity, thousand-grain mass (TGM), water absorption (WA), volume (V), and density), chemical composition (protein content (PC), water content (WC), fiber content (FC), ash content (AC)), surface color parameters (L*, a*, and b*), and correlations among measured parameters were assessed. The results showed that wheat grain yield and yield components were significantly affected by TS (p < 0.01). The wheat grain yield was higher under CT (2.72 t ha−1), with a significant difference between RT (1.76 t ha−1) and NT (1.20 t ha−1). The highest TGM (49.19 g) was achieved under CT, followed by RT (43.41 g), with the lowest (39.17 g) in the NT system. TS had significant effects on certain physical properties of wheat grains (p < 0.01). Wheat grain, size, shape, and mass values were higher under CT than RT and NT systems in all experimental years. CT resulted in the highest WA, while the lowest resulted from NT. TS had no significant influence on the density of the grains. TS had significant effects on PC, AC, and WC values of grains at the 1% probability level and on FC at the 5% level. Higher PC values were obtained under the CT system (13.07%, against 11.90% and 10.67% for RT and NT, respectively) in all growing seasons. Additionally, the AC was significantly lower in the sample grains under RT (2.38%) and NT (2.43%) than in those from CT (2.56). The FC was higher under NT (15.73%) than RT (13.73) and CT (13.71%). The grain WC was significantly higher under NT (7.57%) than RT (6.79%) and CT (7.0%). The TS significantly affected the surface color parameters of grains, while the L* (lightness) and b* (yellowness) values of grains under CT were higher than in RT and NT.
INDONESIAN CAPITAL MARKET REACTION TO COVID-19 AS A GLOBAL PANDEMIC

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the absence of an average abnormal return, average volume trading activity, and bid-ask spread of stocks in the period around the event of the COVID-19 announcement as a global pandemic. The statement of the COVID-19 as the global pandemic of the World Health Organization (WHO) made the Indonesian capital market touch the lowest point at the level of 4,929.56. This study used the event study with the windows period for 11 days, which was five days before the announcement, the day of the announcement, and five days after the announcement. This type of research was a quantitative research using secondary data of the stock daily data obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange at www.idx. co.id and also some other sites that support such as Yahoo Finance. Sampling techniques used were purposive sampling and as many as 44 companies that meet data completeness criteria. The data analysis technique used was a non-parametric t-test using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. The results of this study show that there is a difference in Average Abnormal Return in the period t-5 & t+5, t-4 & t+4, t-2 & t+2, and t-1 & t+1. The Average Trading Volume Activity indicates there is no significant difference in all periods of observation between before and after the announcement. Meanwhile, the Bid-Ask Spread shows a significant difference before and after the announcement in all periods for 11 days of observation.
Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Daun Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata L.)

Cassia alata L. leaf contains flavonoids which have anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, antioxidants and antifungal effects. The traditional application of it requires long preparation time so we need a formulation with more practical and durable storage is needed. Gel formulation was chosen because it is easy to dry, forming an easy to wash film layer and give a sense of cold on the skin. Gel components affect the stability of the gel. Physical stability is analyzed to ensure that the formulated gel’s quality, safety and benefits meet the specifications and survive during storage. This study aimed to create a gel formula and analysed its physical stability test of Cassia alata L. leaf extract gel. Research design adopted in this study was an experimental laboratory. Optimum gel formula determined by variations in the concentration of sodium carboxymethyl celulose (CMC-Na). Gel that meet the criteria of homogeneity, consistency, pH and spreadibility was set as the optimum formula. Physical stability of optimum formula was analyzed by organoleptic, homogeneity test, pH test, viscosity test and spredability test. Gel that meets the acceptance criteria are Cassia alata L. leaf extract gel with CMC-Na concentration of 3% those determined as the optimum formula. Stability analysis of optimum formula didn’t show any changes in pH, color, smell and taste, although it changes of the shape, viscosity and spreadibility were found. The optimum formula gel obtained by the concentration of CMC-Na 3%. results were less stable during the 8 weeks of storage at a temperature of 40°C.
Efficacy of New Isolates of Entomopathogenic Fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.), from Sinai Peninsula against Yellow Mealworm Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) under Laboratory Conditions.

Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from soil samples collected from North and South Sinai governorates, by the use of Galleria bait method (GBT). The isolates were identified using the conventional methods. The virulence of nine entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae isolates (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8 and M9) were tested against Tenebrio molitre L. Results proved that (M1) was more effective against larvae compared with all other isolates. the highest concentration of 1×10 spores/g revealed 71,56,47,31,37,52,41,46 and 64% mortality percentage for M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 M7, M8, and M9, respectively at tenth day after treatment.