Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A chemical oceanographer's view of nitrous oxide in the ocean

We present a compilation and analysis ofN20 data from the deep-water zone of the oceans below 2000 m. The N20 values show an increasing trend from low concentrations in the North Atlantic Ocean to high concentrations in the North Pacific Ocean, indicating an accumulation ofN20 in deep waters with time. We conclude that the observed N20 accumulation is mainly caused by nitrification in the global deep·water circulation S}'stem (i.e., the "conveyor belt"). Hydrothennal and sedimentary N20 fluxes are negligible. We estimate the annual N20 deep-water production to be 0.3 ± 0.1 Tg. Despite the fact that the deep sea below 2000 m represents about 95% of the total ocean volume, it contributes only about 3-16o/o to the global open-ocean N20 production. A rough estimate of the oceanic N20 budget suggests that the loss to the atmosphere is not balanced by the deep-sea nitrification and pelagic denitrification. Therefore an additional source of 3.8 Tg N20 yr-• attributed to nitrification in the upper water column (02000 m) might exist. With a simple model we estimated the effect of changes in the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) fonnation for deep-water N20. The upper water N20 budget is not significantly influenced by variations in the N20 deep·water fonnation. However, the predicted decrease in the NADW fonnation rate in the near future might lead to an additional source of atmospheric N20 in the range of about 0.02-0.4 Tg yr-•. This (anthropogenically induced) source is small, and it will be difficult to detect its signal against the natural variations in the annual growth rates of tropospheric N20.
Playing to the gallery: investigating the normative explanation of ingroup favoritism by testing the impact of imagined audience

ABSTRACT The present research examined the role of social norms as a determining source of ingroup favoritism in minimal groups. Across three studies (total N = 814), results showed that ingroup favoritism was reduced when participants imagined the reaction of an external (and egalitarian) entity, as compared to a control condition or a condition in which they were explicitly asked to imagine the reaction of ingroup members. In line with the prediction that the desire to appear as a good group member drives conformity to the ingroup norm, the findings also revealed that favoring the ingroup resulted in higher self-esteem (Study 2). This was however limited to situations where the ingroup norm was inferred or induced to be pro-discriminatory, but not when it was anti-discriminatory (Study 3). The proposed explanation is discussed in the light of dominant explanations of ingroup favoritism.
Growth Kinetics of the (110) Faces of Complex Potassium Cobalt–Nickel Sulphate K2CoxNi1−x(SO4)2·6H2O Crystals

The normal growth rate, the steepness of polygonized growth hillocks and the velocity of step movement on the (110) faces of potassium cobalt–nickel sulphate crystals in aqueous solutions with cobalt to nickel ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 were investigated as a function of supersaturation by the geometry of growth hillocks using laser interferometry. It was found that the morphologies of growth hillocks on the (110) faces of the crystals grown from 1:1 and 1:2 solutions are similar and that the growth hillocks are formed by multiple screw dislocation sources. The experimental data on the growth kinetics of the (110) faces of the crystals were analyzed by using the Burton–Cabrera–Frank theory. It was found that (1) there is a critical supersaturation for the growth of the (110) faces, and the value of this supersaturation in the 1:2 solution is higher than that in the 1:1 solution, and (2) the kinetic coefficient of the step movement in the sectors of growth hillocks is highly anisotropic, and the values of this coefficient are larger in 1:2 solution than in 1:1 solution. These results are discussed in the presented work.
Outward FDI and its implication on Indonesian domestic investment

Since becoming a democratic country in the late 1990s, Indonesia has been changing into a more promising countries with a remarkable reduction in poverty by more than 50% during the last decade. To achieve a developed or high-income country, Indonesia must grow by 8% to 9% annually with huge investment is needed in every sector, ranging from infrastructure to human development in the digital era. Apart from strengthening tax revenue collection, Indonesian government must also investigate the role of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) that potentially affects domestic investment in the negative way. Hence, it is the objective of this study to examine the impact of OFDI on Indonesian domestic investment for the period between 1980 and 2018. By applying vector error correction model, we observe that OFDI has significant adverse effect on domestic investment. With current inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) has also never reached to the level prior to the 1997 economic crisis, discouraging the outflows of FDI could be a desirable strategy.
Hyper-Management: Neoliberal Expansions of Purpose and Leadership

Recent decades have witnessed a discursive expansion of calls for abstract and charismatic management beyond the systematic administration of concrete settings—hyper-management. A first dimension of hyper-management is the lionization of individuals and organizations as empowered purposive actors, embodied in celebrations of vision, innovation, and entrepreneurship. A second dimension is the intended unification of empowered internal and external actors and their diverse purposes, manifest in calls for leadership qualities beyond formal authority such as communication, collaboration, and inspiration. The changes are broad and cultural, cutting across countries and social sectors, and are often decoupled from realistic practice. Thus they are better accounted for by a neo-institutional perspective than by theories emphasizing particular functions and interests. Hyper-management is generated by a culture of global neoliberalism and the ideologies of empowered individual and organizational actorhood that flow from it. During the global hegemony of neoliberal culture, hyper-management has become institutionalized in contemporary education programs, consulting arrangements, and exaggerated managerial status and income. But, given its cultural bases, current and future resistance to neoliberal globalization may undercut it.
Determinants of export pricing at the firm-level: evidence from Egypt

The study explains the export pricing behaviors of Egyptian firms using detailed customs data and high-dimensional fixed effects. Firstly, it finds that more productive firms (as proxied by firms’ importation of intermediate inputs and capital goods) charge higher export prices which are correlated with higher revenues, providing an evidence for competition in quality, rather than price, amongst firms. Secondly, firms with more destinations charge a higher price for their exported products and a wider price range across markets. Thirdly, firms charge higher prices for more distant and richer destinations, whereas they charge lower prices for larger-sized and less central ones. This could be explained by variable mark-ups across destinations, where higher mark-ups are set in more distant, richer, smaller (less competitive), and more central destinations. It could also indicate that higher quality product versions are sent to more distant destinations (Alchian-Allen or selection effects) and richer ones (demand effect). Lastly, firms charge higher prices for destinations with a larger prevalence of technical measures or those imposing specifically restrictive ones, potentially reflecting an adverse effect of these measures on the number of exporting firms, allowing survivors to charge higher mark-ups. Alternatively, this could reflect firms’ quality upgrading in compliance with such measures.
The influence of compensation and job stress on turnover intention through mediation of job satisfaction

This study aims to analyze the role of compensation and job stress on turnover intention through job satisfaction as a mediating variable. The population of this study was 106 employees who have worked for more than one year. It uses a saturation sampling method to collect the data. Hypothesis testing used in this research is path analysis. The expected result from this research is an analysis of the influence of compensation and job stress on turnover intention through job satisfaction as a mediating variable. The results of this study indicate that compensation has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention. Meanwhile, job stress is proven to have a positive and significant effect on turnover intention. This study also shows that job satisfaction is able to provide a significant mediating role.
The Predictive Role of Emotional Intelligence, Resilience, and Personality Traits in Addiction Potential of Students at Arak University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the predictive role of emotional intelligence, resilience, and personality traits in addiction potential of students at Arak University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The study population consisted of students of Arak University of Medical Sciences, of which 200 participants were selected using cluster sampling and filled out the following questionnaires: EI Schutte, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RIS), Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Iranian Addiction Potential Scale. The research design was correlational and data were analyzed using multiple regression and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed a significant negative correlation between resilience and addiction potential and significant negative relationship between components of emotional intelligence and addiction potential. Among the personality traits, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience were significantly negatively correlated with addiction potential. However, there was a significant positive relationship between neuroticism and addiction potential. Optimism/emotional regulation, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and appraisal of emotions can predict addiction potential and, in total, explain 48% of the variance in addiction potential. Conclusions: The results showed that there was a relationship between personality traits, emotional intelligence, and resilience with addiction potential. On the basis of regression analysis results, it is recommended that to reduce addiction potential, instead of investing on all the mentioned variables, to mainly focus on the variables of optimism/emotion regulation, contentiousness, neuroticism and appraisal of emotions, so that a reduction in addiction potential can be achieved with less time and lower cost.
COVID-19 and Social Work Field Education: A Descriptive Study of Students’ Experiences

ABSTRACT In March 2020, the federal government declared a national emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In accordance with public health guidelines, social work programs rapidly decided whether students could continue, modify, or suspend their field placements. The current study (N = 1,522) describes these events from the perspective of Bachelor of Social Work (n = 632) and Master of Social Work students (n = 890). Data were collected through a nationwide survey administered in March and early April 2020. The findings include students’ experiences with remote service delivery and abrupt terminations, and their insight into the role of social work in an unprecedented crisis. Implications for social work education include the need for contingency and continuity planning, and the importance of emotionally supporting students.
Evaluation of Catalase and Manganese in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital

1 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State University Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. 3 Department of Nursing Science, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria. Department of Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria. 5 Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, State University of Zanzibar, Tanzania. Department of Nursing Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University,Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria 8 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria. Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Results of the Electron Drift Instrument on Cluster

The electron drift instrument (EDI) on Cluster pioneered a new method of measuring electric fields, using a beam of electrons to sample the drift velocity over a km‐scale gyro orbit. The technique is especially well suited to measuring weak, sub‐mV/m, convection fields due to its sensitivity (to both components in the plane perpendicular to B) and because it is unaffected by the anomalous local electric fields that are generated by spacecraft‐plasma interactions. Because EDI requires exquisite beam pointing with active tracking of the firing directions, measurements are less regular, or even impossible, in rapidly varying electric and magnetic fields; however, in the many regimes where tracking is successful the resulting measurements are reliably accurate. We review the EDI technique and instrumentation, and present six areas of investigation using Cluster data: (1) Detailed comparisons of EDI data with the electric field and waves double probe measurements show excellent agreement in many cases but identify large discrepancies where strong ion outflow in the polar regions creates local spacecraft wake effects. (2) The wake effect is exploited to infer quantitative ion outflow rates. Detailed convection patterns in the (3) polar cap, (4) lobe, and (5) inner magnetosphere are derived under various driver conditions using statistical analyses of long term measurements during the Cluster mission. (6) EDI's large geometric‐factor detector is used for extremely high time resolution measurements of electrons at a specified energy and pitch angle.
Digital Elevation Models of Rockfalls and Landslides: A Review and Meta-Analysis

The scope of this paper is to summarize previous research pertaining to the use of digital elevation models (DEMs) and digital terrain models (DTMs) in the study of rockfalls and landslides. Research from 1983 to 2020 was surveyed in order to understand how the spatial resolution of DEMs and DTMs affects landslide detection, validation, and mapping. Another major question examined was the relationship between the DEM resolution and the extent of the rockfall or landslide event. It emerged from the study that, for landslides, the majority of researchers used DEMs with a spatial resolution of between 10 m and 30 m, while for rockfalls, they used DEMs with a spatial resolution of between 5 m and 20 m. We concluded that DEMs with a very high resolution (less than 5 m) are suitable for local-scale occurrences, while medium-resolution (from 20 m to 30 m) DEMs are suitable for regional-scale events. High resolution is associated with high accuracy and detailed structural characteristics, while medium accuracy better illustrates the topographic features. A low pixel size (more than 90 m) is not recommended for this type of research. Susceptibility maps, inventory maps, hazard risk zones, and vulnerability assessments are some of the main tools used in landslide/rockfall investigations, and topographic indexes, methods, models, and software optimize the reliability of the results. All of these parameters are closely related to DEMs and DTMs as the cell size affects the credibility of the final outcome.
Incidence, Pattern and Outcome of Birth Injuries as Seen in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria

Introduction: Birth injuries although inevitable should be avoided to prevent unnecessary neonatal morbidities and mortalities as well as hospital litigations. Aim: To determine the incidence rate, pattern and outcome of birth injuries occurring in the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: An observational prospective study was carried out in the Special Care baby Unit of the hospital. A pre tested proforma was used to collect demographic and pregnancy information from mothers and demographic data, delivery history, type of birth injury and clinical outcome from babies whose parents consented to the study. Results: Thirty-nine of the 5,692 babies delivered during the study period had birth injuries, giving an incidence rate of 6.9 per 1000 live births. The common birth injuries were neurological (26.2%), extracranial (23.8%) and soft tissue injuries (21.4%). Cephalopelvic disproportion (36%), diabetes mellitus in pregnancy (32%) and prolonged labour (20%) were commonly found complications of pregnancy among mothers whose babies had birth injuries. Birth injuries were commoner among males, babies born by normal vaginal delivery and those with birth weights between 2.5-3.9Kg. Neurological injuries were significantly associated with normal vaginal delivery and birth weights of ≥ 4kg while soft tissue injuries were significantly associated with Caesarean section, P value < 0.05. Although majority of them were discharged, mortality rate was 7.7%. Conclusion: Although the incidence of birth injury in this study was low, the morbidity and mortality associated with it are avoidable. Improved antenatal and delivery services are therefore necessary to reduce the incidence of birth injuries. Keywords: Birth injury; Incidence; Pattern; Outcome; Tertiary hospital; Nigeria.
Teaching in English across the Curriculum: A Lived Experiences of the Novice Teachers in A Selected Rural Fet Schools in South Africa

Novice teachers’ use of English as the medium of instruction in curriculum delivery across all subjects in rural South African schools is the focus of this study. The duration of their entry into the profession as Post Graduate Certificate in Education holders is short and does not capacitate them enough, thus, making them weak and inexperienced, with a high degree of professionalism, especially at the commencement of their careers. This study investigates the lived experiences of selected novice rural teachers on the tasks of teaching in English across all subjects in the rural schools. Fifteen participants from 15 high schools were purposively selected from 15 different rural high schools from King Cetshwayo District, KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa. The participants were engaged in a focus group discussion as well as classroom observations of these teachers for data collection. Data analysis for this qualitative study was thematically analysed to generate themes for the presentation and discussion of findings. Theories of the Skills Acquisition Theory (SAT) and the Second Language (L2) Comprehensible Input through Teacher Talk Theory (CITTT) were adopted as theoretical frameworks to underpin the phenomenon. Various novice teachers find it difficult to teach across all subjects, using English as the medium of instruction in many rural schools in South Africa. Findings indicated that the educational backgrounds of learners hinder teachers’ use of English to teach them meaningfully. As observed during various classroom observations, teachers also found it convenient to use indigenous languages to deliver lesson content or communicate to these learners in the classrooms during lessons. Findings also revealed that some teachers struggled to express themselves in English due to their educational backgrounds as well. The study, therefore, recommends that teachers during their pre-service education should be well-groomed in English and this should be promoted during their teaching practice in both rural and urban. Various teacher education institutions should be encouraged to deliver curriculum contents/modules to the pre-service teachers in English across all modules.
Evaluation of Ovarian Reserve by Using AMH Test before Collection the Oocytes for ICSI Technique

This study was conducted on goats with the purpose to evaluate the ovarian reserve before females submit to the ova retrieval for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The study was conducted at the college of veterinary medicine – the University of Baghdad and Middle East Labs Baghdad (2019-2020). The study included thirty female goats (does) within the age of puberty and sexual maturity. The animals were divided into two groups: group I (˂ 4 years old), and group II (> 4 years old). A blood sample (6 ml) was collected from each animal through the jugular vein (before slaughter) in tubes containing anticoagulants and then sent to the laboratory for estimation of antimullerian hormone (AMH). The study showed significant increases in the level of AMH (4.02 ± 0.17) of the group I (˂ 4 years old) comparative with (2.22 ± 0.54) to the group II (> 4 years old) at the (<0.01), and this result relation with the number of oocytes obtained from ovarian samples of animals after slaughtering, it was found that the number and quality of oocytes increased in the group I (29 oocytes from a 15ovarian samples , compared with group II (16 oocytes from 15ovarian samples. This result explains the decrease in the ovarian reservoir of follicles with an increase in the age in the doe as a result of the decrease in the level of AMH in the serum, which is considered an indicator for knowing the ovarian reservoir from the follicles and determining the productive age of the ovaries. According to the results of this study, the decrease in the level of AMH in the serum is an indication of a decrease in the number of follicles on the surface of the ovaries, which negatively affects the fertility and productivity of the goats or may affect the fertilization rate and the number of fertilized embryos. The AMH test is considered one of the important tests that must be taken before oocyte collection to reduce the effort and costs involved in conducting any assisted reproduction technique that requires collecting the oocytes from the donor.
Impoliteness Addressed to Different Genders and their Responses in The Kitchen Nightmares, a TV Reality Show

This paper reveals the impoliteness strategies addressed to different genders and their corresponding responses. The data source is the video transcript of a TV reality show, The Kitchen Nightmares season 6 episode 2 for substantial and technical considerations. As it contains impolite expressions, abundant data can be gained to clarify the focal points. The subjects are the host and male and female participants in that show. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. In collecting the data, the researcher identifies the utterances containing impoliteness and their responses in the transcript. Then, they are classified and compared to discover the impoliteness strategies and their responses related to gender differences. It is discovered that, in this show, the types of impoliteness strategies addressed to male addressees are not different from those of female participants. Regarding responses, it is found out that male participants respond to the impoliteness differently from the females. It can be concluded from the show that gender difference is not effective as recipients of impoliteness, but it is operative as producers of the response towards impoliteness. Keywords : entertainment, gender, impoliteness, responses to impoliteness