Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Life after Burn, Part I: Health-Related Quality of Life, Employment and Life Satisfaction

Background and Objectives: As advances in medicine are proceeding, so are treatment goals shifting from sheer mortality rates to improving HRQoL and social reintegration after burn injury. Following this trend, we aimed to assess HRQoL, employment and life satisfaction after burn injury to gain insight on confounding factors. Materials and Methods: This single-center follow-up study was conducted using the SF-36 V1.0 in German and further questions evaluating employment and life satisfaction. It reached 128 adult in-patients (recall 33.0%) with former burn injuries, treated between 2012 and 2019 at the Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University Hospital of Graz. The questionnaire outcomes were set into relation with clinical data obtained from the medical records. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 27.0 for Windows. Results: Of the 128 participants, 72.7% were male and 27.3% female. The mean age at the time of injury was 40.0 ± 15.7 years and mean %TBSA among the study population was 9.2 ± 11.0%. The male patients had sustained more extensive injuries (p = 0.005). However, the female patients scored significantly (p < 0.05) and consistently lower in all the domains of the SF-36, except for “bodily pain” (p = 0.061). Moreover, the female patients scored lower in all the domains of life satisfaction, although significant differences were only found in the domains of fulfillment (p = 0.050) and mental wellbeing (p = 0.015). Furthermore, employment status differed significantly between the male and female patients before as well as after the burn injury. Proportionally less women were employed at both time points. Overall, unemployment had declined. Conclusions: Life satisfaction after burn injury in this study cohort seems to be good. Return to work has shown a promising trend. Strikingly, HRQoL and life satisfaction were lower in women after burn injury. Further research on the reasons for this gender discrepancy might improve HRQoL and life satisfaction after burns.
HAExplorer: Understanding Interdependent Biomechanical Motions with Interactive Helical Axes

The helical axis is a common tool used in biomechanical modeling to parameterize the motion of rigid objects. It encodes an object’s rotation around and translation along a unique axis. Visualizations of helical axes have helped to make kinematic data tangible. However, the analysis process often remains tedious, especially if complex motions are examined. We identify multiple key challenges: the absence of interactive tools for the computation and handling of helical axes, visual clutter in axis representations, and a lack of contextualization. We solve these issues by providing the first generalized framework for kinematic analysis with helical axes. Axis sets can be computed on-demand, interactively filtered, and explored in multiple coordinated views. We iteratively developed and evaluated the HAExplorer with active biomechanics researchers. Our results show that the techniques we introduce open up the possibility to analyze non-planar, compound, and interdependent motion data.
An Update on Clostridioides difficile Binary Toxin

Infection with Clostridioides difficile (CDI), a common healthcare-associated infection, includes symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe cases of pseudomembranous colitis. Toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) cause cytotoxicity and cellular detachment from intestinal epithelium and are responsible for CDI symptomatology. Approximately 20% of C. difficile strains produce a binary toxin (CDT) encoded by the tcdA and tcdB genes, which is thought to enhance TcdA and TcdB toxicity; however, the role of CDT in CDI remains controversial. Here, we focused on describing the main features of CDT and its impact on the host, clinical relevance, epidemiology, and potential therapeutic approaches.
PeakTrace: Routing of hydropeaking waves using multiple hydrographs—A novel approach

Hydropeaking is known for its adverse impacts on river ecosystems. However, the implementation of mitigation measures is still largely pending due to conflicting priorities of ecology and economics, which require scenario building to assess trade‐offs. Therefore, widely applicable and standardized tools are needed to analyze hydropeaking hydrology in affected rivers to expedite mitigation efforts. Here, we present a novel empirical approach—PeakTrace—that can (a) detect and follow source‐specific hydropeaking waves in the downstream direction by using multiple hydrographs and (b) describe how to flow metrics of hydropeaking waves change along a river's course. In detail, PeakTrace first identifies associated flow events and then models translation and retention processes between neighboring hydrographs. Finally, the models can be combined to establish a non‐linear hydropower plant‐specific model. We demonstrate the PeakTrace method's usability in 16 Austrian case studies. The results underline the high performance of PeakTrace, describing the longitudinal development of flow metrics with high model accuracy up to 25 km or more. Ecologically‐relevant metrics, such as rate of change or amplitude, decrease with distance from the hydropower outlet regarding down‐ramping events; the same pattern can be observed for up‐ramping events too, except for the rate of change for which an intensity increase may be observed, probably due to slope and the roughness difference between base flow and peak flow. Overall, this paper underlines the usability of PeakTrace as a basis to assess hydropower plant‐specific hydro‐ecological impacts and evaluate hydropeaking mitigation measures, especially by incorporating critical flow thresholds of river biota and life stages.
Empowering, Pragmatic, or Disappointing: Appraisals of Singlehood During Emerging and Established Adulthood

Although singlehood is common during emerging and established adulthood, it is often positioned as less desirable than being partnered. Using data from 168 single emerging (18-29 years-old) and established (30-35 years-old) adults from the United States, we explored how they appraised being single (i.e., viewing singlehood as empowering, allowing for personal goals, and/or being disappointing) and explored how demographic, romantic, and well-being indicators were associated with singlehood appraisals. Emerging and established adults did not differ in how they appraised singlehood. Overall, 42.9% felt it was true/very true that being single was empowering, 75.0% felt it was true/very true that being single facilitated personal goals and interests, and 37.5% felt it was true/very true that were disappointed to be single. Flourishing, intentional singlehood, length of singlehood, relationship interest, education, employment, and race/ethnicity were associated with singlehood appraisals.
Monomer Release from Dental Resins: The Current Status on Study Setup, Detection and Quantification for In Vitro Testing

Improvements in mechanical properties and a shift of focus towards esthetic dentistry led to the application of dental resins in various areas of dentistry. However, dental resins are not inert in the oral environment and may release monomers and other substances such as Bisphenol-A (BPA) due to incomplete polymerization and intraoral degradation. Current research shows that various monomers present cytotoxic, genotoxic, proinflammatory, and even mutagenic effects. Of these eluting substances, the elution of BPA in the oral environment is of particular interest due to its role as an endocrine disruptor. For this reason, the release of residual monomers and especially BPA from dental resins has been a cause for public concern. The assessment of patient exposure and potential health risks of dental monomers require a reliable experimental and analytical setup. However, the heterogeneous study design applied in current research hinders biocompatibility testing by impeding comparative analysis of different studies and transfer to the clinical situation. Therefore, this review aims to provide information on each step of a robust experimental and analytical in vitro setup that allows the collection of clinically relevant data and future meta-analytical evaluations.
Barriers to women’s collective identity formation in contaminated communities

ABSTRACT Extant research emphasizes the resonance of gendered collective identities in mobilizing women’s environmental activism, particularly around motherhood and caregiving. Gaps remain, though, in our understanding of the specific barriers that can obstruct the formation of collective identity among groups of women who share environmental concerns. To interrogate this issue, we explore the case of two cancer clusters in North Carolina that many residents suspect are related to coal ash contamination. We use qualitative interviews with women affected by the clusters (n = 36) to identify factors that have inhibited the formation of a mobilizing collective identity. Our results suggest that the reciprocal relationship between disempowerment and isolation, as well as the compounding burdens of emotional and care labor associated with managing environmental illness, prevented the formation of a collective identity in this case. These findings highlight how factors particular to cases of environmental illness can forestall, rather than drive, women’s environmental activism.
Identification, In Silico Characterization, and Differential Expression Profiles of Carotenoid, Xanthophyll, Apocarotenoid Biosynthetic Pathways Genes, and Analysis of Carotenoid and Xanthophyll Accumulation in Heracleum moellendorffii Hance

Heracleum moellendorffii Hance is a non-woody forest plant widely used in China, Korea, and Japan because of its various therapeutic properties. However, the genetic details of the carotenoid pathway (CP), xanthophyll pathway (XP), and apocarotenoid pathway (AP) genes have not been studied. Thus, the CP, XP, and AP genes of H. moellendorffii were detected and analyzed. A total of fifteen genes were identified, of which eight, four, and three belonged to CP, XP, and AP, respectively. All identified genes possessed full open reading frames. Phylogenetic characterization of the identified gene sequences showed the highest similarity with other higher plants. Multiple alignments and 3D dimensional structures showed several diverse conserved motifs, such as the carotene-binding motif, dinucleotide-binding motif, and aspartate or glutamate residues. The results of real-time PCR showed that the CP, XP, and AP genes were highly expressed in leaves, followed by the stems and roots. In total, eight different individual carotenoids were identified using HPLC analysis. The highest individual and total carotenoid content were achieved in the leaves, followed by the stems and roots. This study will provide more information on the gene structure of the CP, XP, and AP genes, which may help to increase the accumulation of carotenoids in H. moellendorffii through genetic engineering. These results could be helpful for further molecular and functional studies of CP, XP, and AP genes.
AIR-PolSAR-Seg: A Large-Scale Data Set for Terrain Segmentation in Complex-Scene PolSAR Images

Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) terrain segmentation is a fundamental research topic in PolSAR image interpretation. Recently, many studies have been investigated to handle this task. However, the existing data for PolSAR terrain segmentation have relatively limited scale and their scene complexity is relatively simple. These issues greatly restrict the development of algorithms. Therefore, there is a strong requirement for establishing a large-scale data set for terrain segmentation in complex-scene PolSAR images. In this paper, we present a benchmark data set containing a PolSAR amplitude image with a 9082×9805-pixel region and 2000 image patches with a size of 512×512 for PolSAR terrain segmentation, which is called AIR-PolSAR-Seg. We collect the PolSAR image with a resolution of 8 m from the GaoFen-3 satellite, and it is equipped with pixel-wise annotation which covers six categories. Compared with the previous data resources, AIR-PolSAR-Seg preserves some specific properties. First, AIR-PolSAR-Seg owns a large-size PolSAR image and provides a large quantity of image patches. It offers the research community a complete data resource with adequate training examples and reliable validation results. Second, AIR-PolSAR-Seg is established upon a PolSAR image with high scene complexity. This characteristic motivates robust and advanced segmentation approaches to facilitate complex-scene PolSAR image analysis. Based on AIR-PolSAR-Seg, three tasks are introduced: multi-category segmentation, water body segmentation, and building segmentation. Moreover, a performance analysis of traditional approaches and deep learning-based approaches are conducted, which can be regarded as baselines and provide references for future research.
The Influence of Frailty Syndrome and Dementia on the Convenience and Satisfaction with Oral Anticoagulation Treatment in Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Background: The impact of frailty syndrome (FS) and dementia on the convenience and satisfaction with oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients is not well-known. Aim: Assessment the impact of FS and dementia on the convenience and satisfaction with OAC treatment in 116 elderly (mean age 75.2, SD = 8.2) patients with AF. Methodology: A self-administered questionnaire was used in the study to collect basic socio-demographic and clinical data. Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) questionnaire was used to assess the presence of FS, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess cognitive impairment (CI), The Perception of Anticoagulant Treatment Questionnaire Part 2 (PACT-Q2) to assess convenience and satisfaction with OAC treatment, and the Arrhythmia-Specific Questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia (ASTA) to assess quality of life (QoL). Results: Multivariable analysis as a significant, negative predictor of the convenience and satisfaction domain showed the occurrence of dementia (β = −0.34; p < 0.001, β = −0.41; p < 0.001, respectively) and prior major bleeding (β = −0.30; p < 0.001, β = −0.33; p < 0.001, respectively). Analysis showed a significant relationship between convenience and satisfaction and the overall result of the ASTA (r = −0.329; p < 0.001, r = −0.372; p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Elements of geriatric syndrome, such as FS and dementia, adversely affect treatment convenience and satisfaction with OAC treatment in AF. It has been shown that better convenience and satisfaction with OAC treatment translates into better QoL. There were no differences between satisfaction and convenience and the type of OAC treatment (vitamin K antagonists (VKA) vs. novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC).
Career Preferences among Nursing Students: A Cross-Sessional Study

Introduction It is estimated that mores nurses are needed in the future, nursing students’ career preferences are important to contribute the shortage of nursing manpower in Macao. Little is known regarding the preferences for nursing students’ career preferences and related factors among nursing students. Objective To explore and investigate the career preferences and related factors among nursing students in Macao. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional survey study design was adopted to assess career preferences and related factors among nursing students in Macao. Results In total, 217 nursing students completed surveys. The most favorite career preferences among nursing students were community health nursing, paediatric nursing, medical surgical nursing, and obstetric & gynecological nursing; while the least career preferences among nursing students were oncology and hospice nursing, mental health nursing, and ER nursing. Factors were related to “gender”, “education”, and “nursing is my first study preference” among Macao nursing students for career preferences. Conclusion The senior nursing students prefer working in community health nursing and the junior and female nursing students prefer working in pediatric nursing and obstetric and gynecological nursing. The more understandings of nursing students’ career preferences, the better nursing curriculum design and implication to promote nursing students’ intention for working in the least career preferences work.
EXAMINING THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE TECHNOLOGY ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT VARIABLES

This study has been made with the aim of examining the university students' attitudes towards the technology. At this research, a number of 109 students majoring in coaching department and a number of 131 students majoring in physical education teacher training department, a total of 240 students from Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Physical Education and Sport In College Coaching Department comprise the study group. At this research, personal information form is used in order to determine the varieties of physical education and sports high school students' sex, majoring department and grades; and "Scale of Attitude Towards Technology" developed by Akbaba (2002) is used in order to determine the physical education and sports high school students' attitudes towards technology. T-Test (independent sample) for binary comparisons and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test formul multiple comparisons are used in order to be able to express the data numerical, obtained from their search group, by doing frequency of varieties and percentage calculations with the aim of determination of students' attitude towards technology and the level of behaviour and how they are shaped according to different demographic characteristics. As a result, it is identified that according to gender variable the difference between the man and woman groups are statistically meaningful at "Technology Adoption", "Technology and Internet" and " Trusting the Technology" sub-dimensions; according to the class variable the difference between classes are statistically meaningful at “Technology and Management”, “Technology and Internet” and “The Use Of Technology" sub-dimensions.
Abstract meaning representation of Turkish

Abstract meaning representation (AMR) is a graph-based sentence-level meaning representation that has become highly popular in recent years. AMR is a knowledge-based meaning representation heavily relying on frame semantics for linking predicate frames and entity knowledge bases such as DBpedia for linking named entity concepts. Although it is originally designed for English, its adaptation to non-English languages is possible by defining language-specific divergences and representations. This article introduces the first AMR representation framework for Turkish, which poses diverse challenges for AMR due to its typological differences compared to English; agglutinative, free constituent order, morphologically highly rich resulting in fewer word surface forms in sentences. The introduced solutions to these peculiarities are expected to guide the studies for other similar languages and speed up the construction of a cross-lingual universal AMR framework. Besides this main contribution, the article also presents the construction of the first AMR corpus of 700 sentences, the first AMR parser (i.e., a tree-to-graph rule-based AMR parser) used for semi-automatic annotation, and the evaluation of the introduced resources for Turkish.
Methodological study of directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into corneal endothelial cells

Background Corneal transplantation is the most effective clinical treatment for irreversible corneal endothelial decompensation. However, while visual rehabilitation can be achieved by corneal transplantation, transplant rejection, poor postoperative visual acuity, and lack of suitable donor tissue are currently the greatest obstacles to corneal transplantation. As a result, endothelial cell-based therapy has emerged as an alternative to corneal transplantation treatment. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were induced to differentiate into human corneal endothelial cell (hCEC)-like cells in our study, which aimed to provide an experimental basis for studying the clinical translation and application of induced PSC (iPSC) to corneal endothelial cell (CEC) differentiation. Methods A two-step method to convert hiPSCs into hCEC-like cells was applied in the study. First, the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and Wnt signaling pathways were regulated by adding SB4315542 and CHIR99021, and hiPSCs were induced to differentiate into neural crest cells (NCCs) by a chemically defined and serum-free in vitro induction method. Subsequently, NCCs were induced to differentiate into hCEC-like cells by adding B27, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, and XAV939 (Wnt pathway inhibitor) to CEC culture medium. Results IPSCs were directionally differentiated into NCCs. During the process of differentiation, iPSCs gradually lost the monoclonal morphology of PSCs. Moreover, β-catenin and SRY-related HMG-box gene 10 (SOX10) proteins were immunohistochemically expressed on the 7th day of differentiation. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results demonstrated that the cells expressed SOX9, SOX10, nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), human natural killer-1 (HNK-1), and β-catenin, indicating that they were successfully directionally differentiated from iPSCs to NCCs. After 5–7 days of differentiation, the cells demonstrated a hexagonal morphology of monolayer tight junctions. Immunofluorescence results demonstrated that the cells expressed CEC indicator zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein. QRT-PCR results demonstrated that the cells expressed collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1), COL8A2, COL8A1, and ZO-1, which indicated that they were successfully directionally differentiated from NCC to CEC. Conclusions Our study successfully provided a simple and efficient method with clear chemical composition and serum-free media to directionally differentiate hiPSCs into hCEC-like cells, thereby advancing the results of previous studies on directional transformation into epithelial cells.
Impact of a Digital Lifestyle Intervention on Diabetes Self-Management: A Pilot Study

The aim of this study was to provide preliminary evidence on the impact of the digital health application Vitadio on improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This was a 3-month, prospective, multicenter, open-label trial with an intraindividual control group. Participants received a digital lifestyle intervention. HbA1c levels were observed at 3 time points: retrospectively, at 3 months before app use; at baseline, at the start of usage; and 3 months after the start of use. In addition, changes in other metabolic parameters (fasting glucose, body weight, and waist circumference), patient reported outcomes (quality of life, self-efficacy, and depression), and data generated within the app (frequency of use, steps, and photos of meals) were evaluated. Repeated measures analysis of variance with the Bonferroni correction was used to assess the overall difference in HbA1c values between the intervention and the intraindividual control group, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Participants (n = 42) were 57 ± 7.4 years old, 55% male, and with a mean baseline HbA1c of 7.9 ± 1.0%. An average HbA1c reduction of −0.9 ± 1.1% (p < 0.001) was achieved. The digital health application was effective in significantly reducing body weight (−4.3 ± 4.5 kg), body mass index (−1.4 ± 1.5 kg/m2), waist circumference (−5.7 ± 15 cm), and fasting glucose (−0.6 ± 1.3 mmol/L). The digital therapy achieved a clinically meaningful and significant HbA1c reduction as well as a positive effect on metabolic parameters. These results provide preliminary evidence that Vitadio may be effective in supporting patient diabetes management by motivating patients to adopt healthier lifestyles and improving their self-management.