Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Essays on Environmental Economics and Industrial Orgnanization

This dissertation comprises three essays on environmental economics and industrial organization. A common theme for the essays is that they draw motivation from the real world and the theory literature to study individual behavior in environment and energy problems. The first essay explores firm behavior in a new environment by examining private electric utilities’ beliefs about sulfur dioxide allowance prices following the implementation of the U.S. Acid Rain Program in 1995. It questions the standard assumption in the empirical industrial organization literature that firms have reasonable expectations about future market conditions. This is partially motivated by strong qualitative evidence I have gathered from interviewing regulators, brokers, and electric utility executives that utilities were struggling to make sense of the allowance market, especially in the early years of this first large-scale cap-and-trade program. In the second essay, co-authored with Richard Zeckhauser, we emphasize that in reality, nations are in substantially asymmetric situations. We then leverage this under-appreciated fact to construct a mechanism that leads to voluntary and Pareto efficient contributions to global public goods from individual nations. In the third essay, I introduce repeated games with imperfect public monitoring from the theory literature to empirical industrial organization and explore partial identification of model primitives. This allows us to test firm conduct and detect collusion in contexts where firms do not observe each other’s behavior perfectly, such as the operations of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
Physical growth and development: current concepts.

: The process we call puberty is complex and still poorly understood. Some of the hormonal effects have been discussed, but much work remains before the specific mechanisms are defined. Genetic and nutritional influences affect puberty and further complicate the study of this population. Knowledge of the developmental sequence and SMR scale is useful in clinical practice. Understanding the changes that an adolescent is experiencing will help in the early diagnosis of abnormalities in growth and development. This knowledge will also serve as a guide in providing useful anticipatory guidance.
Addressing Violence Against Women: The Effect of Women’s Police Stations on Police Legitimacy

With a focus on the implementation of women’s police stations (WPS), we posit that local policies that address violence against women can result in positive feedback effects on institutional legitimacy. We theorize that WPS increase police legitimacy among women by improving perceptions of personal safety and government responsiveness. To test our hypotheses, we rely on municipal and public opinion data from more than 100 municipalities in Brazil. The results of our multilevel analysis indicate that WPS produce positive feedback effects among women, resulting in higher trust in the police among women than men and closing the gender gap in perceptions of police effectiveness. Incorporating an instrumental variable in the analyses yields similar results, suggesting that these effects are not endogenous. Moreover, the results of our mediation models show that WPS’ positive effects on women’s views of police legitimacy are driven by improved perceptions of personal safety, and not perceptions of government responsiveness.
The Effectiveness of Unconventional Monetary Policy Tools at the Zero Lower Bound: A DSGE Approach

The central bank is not able to further ease monetary conditions once it exhausts the space for managing short-term policy rate. Then it has to turn its attention to unconventional measures. The thesis provides a discussion about the suitability of different unconventional policy tools in the Czech situation while the foreign exchange (FX) interventions have proven to be the most appropriate choice. A New Keynesian small open economy DSGE model estimated for the Czech Republic is enhanced to model the FX interventions and to compare different monetary policy rules at the zero lower bound (ZLB). The thesis provides three main findings. First, the volatility of the real and nominal macroeconomic variables is magnified in the response to the domestic demand shock, the foreign financial shock and the foreign inflation shock. Second, the volatility of prices decreases significantly if the central bank adopts price-level or exchange rate targeting rule. Third, intervening to fix the nominal exchange rate on some particular target or to correct a misalignment of the real exchange rate from its fundamentals serves as a good stabilizer of prices while intervening to smooth the nominal exchange rate movements increases the overall macroeconomic volatility at the ZLB. JEL Classification C11, E31, E43, E52, E58, F31
The use of scheduled basal subcutaneous insulin in adult surgical patients: a systematic review of current research

RABBIT 2 Prospective, randomized multi-center trial N= 130 Insulin naive type 2 DM patients in non ICU hospital setting Once daily glargine and glulisine before meals (n=65); SSI 4 x daily for BG > 140 mg/dL (n=65) To compare efficacy and safety of a BB insulin regimen to SSI in type 2 DM patients. BGL target of 140 mg/dL was achieved in 66% of pts in study group and 38% in control group. 14% of control group had BGL remaining > 240mg/dL. There were no differences in rate of hypoglycemia or hospital length of stay. B
Historical Evolution of Monthly Anomalies in International Stock Markets

Abstract This paper is a comprehensive investigation of the evolution of various monthly anomalies (January effect, December effect, and the Mark Twain effect) in the US stock market for its entire history. This is done using various statistical techniques (average analysis, Student's t -test, ANOVA, the Mann–Whitney test) and a trading simulation approach). To confirm our results we extended the analysis to the UK, Japan, Canada, France, Switzerland, Germany and Italy stock markets. The results indicate that the January effect was most prevalent in the US and that the December effect and the Mark Twain effect were never prevalent in the US. This result was confirmed in other markets as well. The January effect was most prevalent in the middle of the 20th century but has since disappeared. Furthermore, the January effect provided exploitable profit opportunities. Our results are consistent and add to the existing literature through the use of a complete history of the US market. Overall, the US stock market is consistent with the Adaptive Market Hypothesis.
Lean, Agile and Service-oriented performers: templates of organising in a global production field

Organisations adhere to the templates of organising by adopting a coherent set of strategic priorities and organising practices with expectation of developing certain performance capabilities. The most prevalent templates of organising for manufacturing organisations are Lean and Agile templates. However, recent advances in digital technologies provide a fertile context for the emergence of new organisation templates. There is broad agreement that digital technologies facilitate the development of service innovations in manufacturing organisations. However, it is still not confirmed whether service-oriented templates are used with any degree of regularity among manufacturing firms. The clustering of the performance dimensions of service, cost, flexibility, and digitalisation of manufacturing organisations enables us to identify the following three types of organisations: Lean, Agile and Service-oriented performers. Our results show that adherence to a Lean template does not provide a competitive advantage regarding the cost performance dimension. Adherence to an Agile template provides a marginal competitive advantage regarding the flexibility performance dimension. Finally, adherence to a Service-oriented template provides a considerable competitive advantage regarding the service performance.
Is terrorism a real threat to tourism development? Analysis of inbound and domestic tourist arrivals in Turkey

ABSTRACT This study estimates the long-run and short-run impact of terrorist incidents on inbound and domestic tourist arrivals in Turkey by using a non-linear autoregressive lag (NARDL) model for the period between 2007 and 2016. The results reveal unidirectional nonlinear relationships from terrorism to tourism in both the long-run and short run. Inbound and domestic tourists show different respond towards an increase or decrease in terrorist incidents. The findings are expected to help tourism management, planning, and forecasting regarding greater economic benefits for the country. We suggest that improving security measures and effective safety procedures in tourist areas can reduce terrorist incidents in the future.
TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN, UPAH, INFLASI, DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI TERHADAP PENGANGGURAN DI INDONESIA

The aim of this study is to determine the influence of education level, wages, inflation, and economic growth to unemployment rate in Indonesia during the Period of 2010 to 2012. Panel data regression analysis model is conducted as the research model. The research results shows that during 2010 to 2012, educations level in bachelor degree (TPS1), wages, inflation and economic growth have significant effect to unemployment rate, whereas education level in senior high school (TPSMA) has not significant influence to unemployment rate. Simultaneously the independent variables have significant influence to the dependent variable. The coefficient of determination (R2) shows 0.722353, meaning that the variasion of dependent variable can be explained by the variasion of independent variables as many as 72.2353 percent .
Real Exchange Rate Fundamentals: A Synthesis of the Literature

: A general review of approaches to equilibrium real exchange rate was undertaken. The review covered most of the theoretical, methodological and empirical literatures that had been developed in the attempt to overcoming the measurement problems associated with the concept. The distinct approaches reviewed in the paper included, exchange rate equations with nominal and real disturbances, the purchasing power parity doctrine, productivity approach, macroeconomic balance, varieties of exchange rate equation models, and, behavioral equilibrium exchange rate approach. Although the models were generally theory-based and reasonably well motivated, a comprehensive evaluation of the appropriateness of some of the theoretically identified fundamentals might be a most desired status credibility check.
Understanding Attitudes towards Reducing Meat Consumption for Environmental Reasons. A Qualitative Synthesis Review

Meat-based diets are the norm in Western societies. This is a problem because meat production is a major contributor to global warming and environmental degradation. Despite the urgency to reduce meat consumption, quantitative studies have shown that there is only a small minority of consumers aware of the meat environmental impact, willing to halt or reduce meat intake for ecological reasons, or who have already stopped or reduced meat consumption because of environmental concerns. We conducted a qualitative synthesis reviewing studies that looked at attitudes towards changing meat consumption. Our focus was on the behavioral change process: Awareness, willingness, and change, aiming to enhance the current understanding of people's attitudes towards reducing meat consumption due to environmental concerns. The studies reviewed show that consumer awareness is hindered by beliefs about food, meat, and personal behavior. Nutrition, health, and taste were found to be both enablers and barriers with regard to willingness. Vegetarians and vegans perceive the environment as simply another reason, among others, to maintain a meatless diet. Based on these results, we offer recommendations for future dietary public health interventions, and for future research endeavors on this topic. This review employed a meta-aggregative approach and partially followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence.
EVALUATING THE DETERMINANTS OF MARKET, EXCHANGE RATE AND INTEREST RATE RISKS IN THE PRE- AND POST FINANCIAL CRISIS FOR THE TURKISH BANKING INDUSTRY

This study investigates the bank specific determinants of market risk, exchange rate risk and interest rate risk (betas) over the whole period of 2002-2019, pre-crisis period of 2002- 2008 and the post-crisis period of 2010-2019 for the Turkish banking sector. Using the two step approach, first the risk betas are estimated by employing GARCH(1,1) model with rolling window estimation and then, the bank specific determinants of each of these three different risk betas are determined by using panel data method. The results show that the interest rate and market beta is highly related to financial ratios compared to the exchange rate risk. http://dx.doi. org/10.17130/ijmeb.2019355045
Political Distrust and its Discontents: Exploring the Meaning, Expression and Significance of Political Distrust

Political distrust has been the norm, rather than the exception, in many established democracies in recent decades. Despite a wealth of data tracking deteriorating citizen attitudes towards their governments, representatives and political systems in general, there is still a debate regarding the meaning of distrust and its significance for the health of democracies. This article contributes to the discussion by providing qualitative evidence that map the meaning, evaluative dimensions and spill-over process of distrusting political attitudes. It finds, across the three national contexts studied, that citizens express political distrust using similar language and employing the same evaluative structure. Evidence suggests that political distrust is intertwined with the failure of representation and entails a fundamentally ethical dimension. This article concludes with a discussion regarding the implications of these findings for research on diffuse support in democratic systems.
Started from the future now we're here: The effect of planning direction on motivation

Planning for a future goal in reverse chronological order (i.e., backward planning) can result in increased task motivation for relatively specific, short-term goals, such as academic assignments (Park et al., 2017). Although sometimes backward planning is advocated for shorter-term, concrete event planning (e.g., planning a project timeline), it is also promoted for longer-term, identity-based, “visioning” exercises in which people imagine a desired future-self more generally, then backward plan the path to attaining it. The purpose of the present research was to empirically test this type of applied goal-setting program that promotes the use of backward planning when thinking about one’s future vision (i.e., one’s ideal future self). As such, the present research examined the effect of different types of planning on people's motivation to achieve their future vision and the subjective temporal distance of this future vision. Undergraduate students first described a short-term or long-term future vision for themselves, and then generated a plan for their future vision in a forward or backward direction. They were then asked to rate their overall motivation (Study 1) and motivation throughout the planning exercise (Studies 2 and 3). In all studies, participants rated the subjective closeness of their future vision. Across three studies, there is some evidence that backward planning influenced overall motivation for short-term, but not for long-term future visions. Backward planning did not influence the subjective closeness of these future visions. Additional measures suggested that effects of backward planning on motivation were mediated by the sequential contingency of people’s plans, in the short-term (Study 3), such that motivation was heightened to the extent that participants developed contingent plans. Overall, the findings were relatively inconsistent, suggesting that although backward planning can sometimes enhance motivation, companies and practitioners should be cautious about touting such visioning exercises.
Median to Strong Rainfall Intensity Favors Carbon Sink in a Temperate Grassland Ecosystem in China

Over the past 50 years, rainfall events have made significant alterations to environments due to global warming. The grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions are extremely sensitive to variations in rainfall patterns, which are considered to significantly affect ecosystem functions. In this study, an experiment with varying rainfall sizes and frequencies (0 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, and 40 mm) was conducted during growing seasons in typical grasslands, to study the effect of changes in rainfall regime on net ecosystem exchange (NEE). Our results indicated that NEE exhibited nonlinear responses to rainfall treatments, and reached its peak under 20 mm in middle growing season. Further, the component fluxes of both NEE (i.e., gross primary productivity (GPP)) and ecosystem respiration (ER) illustrated nonlinear responses to treatment gradient, with peak values at 20 mm and 5 mm, respectively. Based on five-year eddy flux measurements, further analyses demonstrated that GPP and ER increased with increasing soil moisture, and net ecosystem carbon uptake (-1*NEE) was significantly stimulated due to a more enhanced GPP than ER, when soil moisture was above 8%. Additionally, we found that the response of root biomass was different from that of carbon fluxes to changes in rainfall patterns. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of both changes in rainfall regimes in controlling ecosystem C exchange and investigation of the potential threshold for ecosystem function shifts, which are crucial to further understand C cycles in grasslands.
Serum and Salivary Markers in Aggressive Periodontitis Patients In Mosul

This study also showed direct correlation between serum IL-1β and Salivary peroxidase, also between (IgA, total protein and peroxidase Specific activity in saliva). Finally presence of direct correlation between peroxidase specific activity and total protein. The aims of the study is to assess and compare serum levels of cytokines (IL-8,IL-6,IL-1β,IFN-γ and TNF-α) and salivary markers (sIgA, peroxidase, peroxidase specific activity and total protein) in aggressive periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy individuals in Mosul. This study was carried out on a total number of 49 subjects, 24 Aggressive Periodontitis patients,14 males and 10 females, aging between 20 - ≥40 years, and 25 healthy subjects as control group which consisted of 14 males and 11 females aging between 20-45 years. All patients were systemically healthy. Five ml of venous blood and saliva were withdrawn from each patient and control subject, for assessments of serum cytokines (IL-8,IL-6,IL-1β,IFN-γ and TNF-α ) and salivary markers (sIgA, total protein and peroxidase specific activity) using ELISA and biochemical test. The comparison of serum cytokines and salivary markers between study and control groups showed significance increase in serum IL-6 and TNF-α level in Aggressive Periodontitis group. Males showed increase in IL-8, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α level, peroxidase and peroxidase specific activity comparing with females, but there increase was not significant. Within Aggressive Periodontitis group, serum IL-1β and salivary sIgA showed significance differences according to age specially in ≥ 40 year age group. There was unclear correlation between serum cytokines and salivary parameters according to the increase of periodontal pocket depth.
Psychological contract and organizational misbehavior: Exploring the moderating and mediating effects of organizational health and psychological contract breach in Iraqi oil tanks company

Abstract The study aimed to link psychological contract with organizational misbehavior directly and through the moderating and mediation effects of organizational health and psychological contract breach. For testing these relationships, the sample gathered from 224 employees, working in Iraqi Oil Tanks Company. The data collection tool was a structured questionnaire. The preliminary analysis was performed by using SPSS 22.0 while the hypothesis testing was done through AMOS, which measures structural equation modeling that helped in simultaneous testing of multiple relationships. The hypotheses of study underpinned by the social exchange theory and other related theoretical and empirical justifications found in the previous research results suggest a negative effect of PC on OM through the mediation of PCB. The findings were also consistent with prior studies concerning the interactive relationship between organizational health and psychological contract and their influence on organizational misbehavior. The theoretical and practical implications are also provided in this study, especially managers in Iraqi oil companies to be proactive in their role to minimize the impact of organizational misbehavior of employees through an open-door policy. Finally, this study helps managers to express their feedback, suggestions, and interaction with employees.
Mapeamento dos termos do eixo ação entre diferentes classificações de enfermagem

Estudo descritivo documental, que apresenta o mapeamento de termos do Eixo "Acao", entre as versoes: Beta-2, 1.0 e 1.1 da CIPE® e os verbos da CIPESC®. Resultou em: 22% termos novos na Versao 1.0; 12,61% identicos, com conceito diferente; poucos migraram para outros eixos; 51% dos termos da CIPE® 1.0 nao estao na CIPESC®; 65% da CIPESC® nao estao na CIPE®, destes, 15 % representam acoes relacionadas a construcao de vinculo ou ao empoderamento. O resultado carece de validacao por especialistas. Discute-se a complexidade da lingua portuguesa e a necessidade de estabelecer consenso entre conceitos. Considera-se a falta de verbos da CIPESC® uma lacuna a ser preenchida, que podera refletir no uso da CIPE® por enfermeiros da saude coletiva.
Underpricing and Intellectual Capital Disclosure: Evidence from Indonesia

In this study, we investigate the relationship between intellectual capital disclosure and underpricing. We did interviews and gave questionnaires to practitioners and academics to develop intellectual capital disclosure measurement methods (in this case, it is the weighted disclosure index). The analysis result of 189 companies which did initial public offerings in Indonesia during 2000–2014 shows that intellectual capital disclosure affects negatively on underpricing. It indicates that intellectual capital disclosure can reduce asymmetry information between the issuer and the potential investor. In addition, intellectual capital disclosure can assist potential investors in assessing the company’s quality and prospects.
The Government Risk Premium Puzzle

The market value of outstanding government debt reflects the expected present discounted value of current and future primary surpluses. When the discount rate is consistent with the term structure of interest rates and equity prices and government spending growth dynamics are estimated from the data, a government risk premium puzzle emerges. Since tax revenues are pro-cyclical while government spending is counter-cyclical, the tax revenue claim has a higher risk premium and a lower value than the spending claim. This makes the value of the surplus claim negative, and implies that the U.S. government should be a creditor rather than a debtor. We resolve this puzzle by postulating a small but persistent component in expected spending growth, and infer it from the market value of the outstanding government bond portfolio. This component offsets the pro-cyclical movements in current surpluses, reducing its risk and increasing its value. The resulting model is used to study the optimal maturity structure of government debt, and to quantify deviations of the observed portfolio from the optimal one.