Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Instantons in AdS 4 /CFT 3 from D4-Branes Wrapping Some of CP 3

With use of a 6-form field strength of ten-dimensional type IIA supergravity over AdS4× CP 3 , when S 7 /Zk is considered as a S 1 Hopf fibration on CP 3 , we earn a fully localized solution in the bulk of Euclideanized AdS4. Indeed, this object appears in the external space because of wrapping a D4(M5)-brane over some parts of the respective internal spaces. Interestingly, this supersymmetry breaking SU(4)×U(1)-singlet mode exists in already known spectra when one uses the 8c gravitino representation of SO(8). To adjust the boundary theory, we should swap the original 8s and 8c representations for supercharges and fermions in the Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena model. The procedure could later be interpreted as adding an anti-D4(M5)-brane to the prime N = 6 membrane theory resulting in a N = 0 antimembrane theory while other symmetries are preserved. Then, according to the well-known state-operator correspondence rules, we find a proper dual operator with the conformal dimension of �+ = 3 that matches to the bulk massless pseudoscalar state. After that, by making use of some fitting ansatzs for the used matter fields, we arrive at an exact boundary solution and comment on the other related issues as well.
Interplay of charge-transfer and Mott-Hubbard physics approached by an efficient combination of self-interaction correction and dynamical mean-field theory

Late-transition-metal oxides with small charge-transfer energy $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ raise issues for state-of-the-art correlated electronic structure schemes, such as the combination of density functional theory (DFT) with dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). The accentuated role of the oxygen valence orbitals in these compounds asks for an enhanced description of ligand-based correlations. Utilizing the rocksaltlike NiO as an example, we present an advancement of charge self-consistent DFT $+$ DMFT by including self-interaction correction (SIC) applied to oxygen. This introduces explicit on-site O correlations as well as an improved treatment of intersite $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}d$ correlations. Due to the efficient SIC incorporation in a pseudopotential form, the DFT $+$ sicDMFT framework is an advanced but still versatile method to address the interplay of charge-transfer and Mott-Hubbard physics. We revisit the spectral features of stoichiometric NiO and reveal the qualitative sufficiency of local DMFT self-energies in describing spectral peak structures usually associated with explicit nonlocal processes. For ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{O}$, prominent in-gap states are verified by the present theoretical paper.
Magnetic Reconnection at the Earliest Stage of Solar Flux Emergence

On 2016 September 20, the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph observed an active region during its earliest emerging phase for almost 7 hr. The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory observed continuous emergence of small-scale magnetic bipoles with a rate of ∼1016 Mx s−1. The emergence of magnetic fluxes and interactions between different polarities lead to the frequent occurrence of ultraviolet (UV) bursts, which exhibit as intense transient brightenings in the 1400 Å images. In the meantime, discrete small patches with the same magnetic polarity tend to move together and merge, leading to the enhancement of the magnetic fields and thus the formation of pores (small sunspots) at some locations. The spectra of these UV bursts are characterized by the superposition of several chromospheric absorption lines on the greatly broadened profiles of some emission lines formed at typical transition region temperatures, suggesting heating of the local materials to a few tens of thousands of kelvin in the lower atmosphere by magnetic reconnection. Some bursts reveal blue- and redshifts of ∼100 km s−1 at neighboring pixels, indicating the spatially resolved bidirectional reconnection outflows. Many such bursts appear to be associated with the cancellation of magnetic fluxes with a rate of the order of ∼1015 Mx s−1. We also investigate the three-dimensional magnetic field topology through a magnetohydrostatic model and find that a small fraction of the bursts are associated with bald patches (magnetic dips). Finally, we find that almost all bursts are located in regions of large squashing factor at the height of ∼1 Mm, reinforcing our conclusion that these bursts are produced through reconnection in the lower atmosphere.
Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies

We review open questions and prospects for progress in ultrahigh-energy cosmicray (UHECR) research, based on a series of discussions that took place during the “The High-Energy Universe: Gamma-Ray, Neutrino, and Cosmic-ray Astronomy” MIAPP workshop in 2018.Specifically, we overview open questions on the origin of the bulk of UHECRs, the UHECR mass composition, the origin of the end of the cosmic-ray spectrum, the transition from Galactic to extragalactic cosmic-rays, the effect of magnetic fields on thetrajectories of UHECRs, anisotropy expectations for specific astrophysical scenarios, hadronicinteractions, and prospects for discovering neutral particles as well as new physics at ultrahighenergies. We also briefly overview upcoming and proposed UHECR experiments and discusstheir projected science reach.
EXPLORING THE CONNECTION BETWEEN STAR FORMATION AND ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS ACTIVITY IN THE LOCAL UNIVERSE

We study a combined sample of 264 star-forming, 51 composite, and 73 active galaxies using optical spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectra from the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph. We examine optical and mid-IR spectroscopic diagnostics that probe the amount of star formation and relative energetic contributions from star formation and an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Overall we find good agreement between optical and mid-IR diagnostics. Misclassifications of galaxies based on the SDSS spectra are rare despite the presence of dust obscuration. The luminosity of the [Ne ii] 12.8 μm emission line is well correlated with the star formation rate measured from the SDSS spectra, and this holds for the star-forming, composite, and AGN-dominated systems. AGNs show a clear excess of [Ne iii] 15.6 μm emission relative to star-forming and composite systems. We find good qualitative agreement between various parameters that probe the relative contributions of the AGN and star formation, including the mid-IR spectral slope, the ratio of the [Ne v] 14.3 μm to [Ne ii] μm 12.8 fluxes, the equivalent widths of the 7.7 μm, 11.3 μm, and 17 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features, and the optical “D” parameter which measures the distance at which a source lies from the locus of star-forming galaxies in the optical BPT emission-line diagnostic diagram. We also consider the behavior of the three individual PAH features by examining how their flux ratios depend upon the degree of AGN dominance. We find that the PAH 11.3 μm feature is significantly suppressed in the most AGN-dominated systems.
Compact binary systems in scalar-tensor gravity. II. Tensor gravitational waves to second post-Newtonian order

We derive the tensor gravitational waveform generated by a binary of nonspinning compact objects (black holes or neutron stars) in a general class of scalar-tensor theories of gravity. The waveform is accurate to second post-Newtonian order beyond the leading order quadrupole approximation. We use the Direct Integration of the Relaxed Einstein equations (DIRE) formalism, appropriately adapted to scalar-tensor theories, along with previous results for the equations of motion in these theories. The self-gravity of the compact objects is treated with an approach developed by Eardley. The scalar field causes deviations from the general relativistic waveform that depend only on a small number of parameters. Among the effects of the scalar field are new hereditary terms which depend on the past history of the source. One of these, a dipole-dipole coupling, produces a zero-frequency "gravitational-wave memory" equivalent to the Christodoulou memory of general relativity. In the special case of two black holes, the waveform reduces to the general relativistic waveform. For a mixed (black hole-neutron star) system, the waveform is identical to that of Einstein's theory to first post-Newtonian order, with deviations at higher order depending only on a single parameter. The behavior in these cases matches that found for the equations of motion.
Analytic study of 1D diffusive relativistic shock acceleration

Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) by relativistic shocks is thought to generate the dN/dE∝ E−p spectra of charged particles in various astronomical relativistic flows. We show that for test particles in one dimension (1D), p−1=1− ln [γd(1+βd)]/ ln [γu(1+βu)], where βu (βd) is the upstream (downstream) normalized velocity, and γ is the respective Lorentz factor. This analytically captures the main properties of relativistic DSA in higher dimensions, with no assumptions on the diffusion mechanism. Unlike 2D and 3D, here the spectrum is sensitive to the equation of state even in the ultra-relativistic limit, and (for a J{üttner-Synge equation of state) noticeably hardens with increasing 1<γu<57, before logarithmically converging back to p(γu→∞)=2. The 1D spectrum is sensitive to drifts, but only in the downstream, and not in the ultra-relativistic limit.
Bipartite Euler systems

Abstract If E is an elliptic curve over ℚ and K is an imaginary quadratic field, there is an Iwasawa main conjecture predicting the behavior of the Selmer group of E over the anticyclotomic ℤ p -extension of K. The main conjecture takes different forms depending on the sign of the functional equation of L(E/K, s). In the present work we combine ideas of Bertolini and Darmon with those of Mazur and Rubin to shown that the main conjecture, regardless of the sign of the functional equation, can be reduced to proving the nonvanishing of sufficiently many p-adic L-functions attached to a family of congruent modular forms.
On the response of a Bose-Einstein condensate exposed to two counterpropagating ultra-fast laser beams

The effect of light-matter interaction is investigated for a situation where counter propagating laser pulses of localized nature are incident on the atomic condensate. In contrast to the earlier investigations on the similar systems, it's assumed that the laser beams are ultra-fast and they have a $\mathrm{sech}^2$ profile. Specifically, we consider a quasi-homogeneous, later extended to inhomogeneous, Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), which is exposed to two counter propagating orthogonally polarized ultra-fast laser beams of equal intensity. The electromagnetic field creates an optical potential for the Bose-Einstein condensate, which in turn modifies the optical field. Hence, light and matter are found to contentiously exchange energy and thus to modify themselves dynamically. In the inhomogenous case, a self-similar method is used here to treat a cigar-shaped BEC exposed to light. Our theoretical analysis in a hither to unexplored regime of BEC-light interaction hints at the solitonic bound state formation in the regime where the atom-atom interaction is repulsive and the light-matter interaction is attractive. The energy diagram also indicates a transfer of energy from photon to atom as the light-matter interaction turns repulsive from attractive.
Co-existence of BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma is associated with tumor aggressiveness, but not with lymph node metastasis

Background: Mutations of BRAF V600E and TERT promoters are associated with thyroid cancer development. This study further investigated association of these mutations with clinicopathological characteristics from patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: Tumor tissues from 342 PTC patients were obtained for DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction amplification to detect the BRAF V600E mutation using amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. TERT promoter mutations were assessed using Sanger DNA sequencing. The association of these gene mutations with clinicopathological characteristics was then statistically analyzed. Results: Two hundred and seventy of 342 (78.9%) PTC patients harbored the BRAF V600E mutation, which was associated with older age male patients. Moreover, TERT promoter mutations occurred in 12 of 342 (3.5 %) PTC patients, all of whom also had the BRAF mutation. One hundred thirty-three patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) had no TERT mutations. Statistically, the coexistence of BRAF and TERT promoter mutations were significantly associated with older age, larger tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, and advanced tumor stage, but not with central lymph node metastasis, lateral lymph node metastasis, numbers of lymph node metastasis > 5, and numbers of involved/harvested lymph nodes (No. of LNs involved or harvested). The multivariate analyses showed older age (odds ratio [OR], 2.194; 95% CI: 1.117–4.311; p = 0.023), larger tumor size (OR, 4.100; 95% CI: 2.257–7.450; p < 0.001), and multiplicity (OR, 2.240; 95% CI: 1.309–3.831; p = 0.003) were all independent predictors for high prevalence of extrathyroidal extension. However, there was no statistical association with any clinicopathological characteristics except for Hashimoto thyroiditis in PTMC. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that the coexistence of BRAF and TERT promoter mutations were associated with the PTC aggressiveness, although these mutations were not associated with PTC lymph node metastasis or with PTMC. carcinomas. Papillary, follicular, and Hürthle cell carcinomas are derived from the
Global Solar Magnetic Field Organization in the Outer Corona: Influence on the Solar Wind Speed and Mass Flux Over the Cycle

The dynamics of the solar wind depends intrinsically on the structure of the global solar magnetic field, which undergoes fundamental changes over the 11-year solar cycle. For instance, the wind terminal velocity is thought to be anti-correlated with the expansion factor, a measure of how the magnetic field varies with height in the solar corona, usually computed at a fixed height ( , the source surface radius that approximates the distance at which all magnetic field lines become open). However, the magnetic field expansion affects the solar wind in a more detailed way, its influence on the solar wind properties remaining significant well beyond the source surface. We demonstrate this using 3D global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the solar corona, constrained by surface magnetograms over half a solar cycle (1989–2001). A self-consistent expansion beyond the solar wind critical point (even up to ) makes our model comply with observed characteristics of the solar wind, namely, that the radial magnetic field intensity becomes latitude independent at some distance from the Sun, and that the mass flux is mostly independent of the terminal wind speed. We also show that near activity minimum, the expansion in the higher corona has more influence on the wind speed than the expansion below .
Needlet detection of features in the WMAP CMB sky and the impact on anisotropies and hemispherical asymmetries

We apply spherical needlets to the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 5-year cosmic microwave background (CMB) data set, to search for imprints of nonisotropic features in the CMB sky. We use the needlets' localization properties to resolve peculiar features in the CMB sky and to study how these features contribute to the anisotropy power spectrum of the CMB. In addition to the now well-known 'cold spot' of the CMB map in the southern hemisphere, we also find two hot spots at greater than 99% confidence level, again in the southern hemisphere and closer to the Galactic plane. While the cold spot contributes to the anisotropy power spectrum in the multipoles between l=6 to l=33, the hot spots are found to be dominating the anisotropy power in the range between l=6 and l=18. Masking both the cold and the two hot spots results in a reduction by about 15% in the amplitude of the angular power spectrum of CMB around l=10. The resulting changes to the cosmological parameters when the power spectrum is estimated masking these features (in addition to the WMAP team's KQ85 mask) are within the 1{sigma} errors published with the WMAP mask only. We also study the asymmetry betweenmore » the angular power spectra evaluated on the northern and southern hemispheres. When the features detected by needlets are masked, we find that the difference in the power, measured in terms of the anisotropy variance between l=4 and l=18, is reduced by a factor 2. We make available a mask related to needlet features for more detailed studies on asymmetries in the CMB anisotropy sky. « less
Effect of medium recoil and $p_T$ broadening on single inclusive jet suppression in high-energy heavy-ion collisions

Jet energy loss and single inclusive jet suppression in high-energy heavy-ion collisions are studied within a pQCD parton model that includes both elastic and radiative interactions between jet shower and medium partons as they propagate through the quark-gluon plasma. The collisional energy loss of jets with a given cone-size is found to be relatively small comparing with the radiative energy loss. However the effect of transverse momentum broadening due to elastic scattering is significant in the calculation of radiative energy loss within the higher-twist formalism. The nuclear modification factors for single inclusive jets with different cone-sizes are calculated and compared to experimental data as measured by ALICE and ATLAS experiments in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76$ TeV. Results on jet suppression in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV are also presented.
Serum Selenium and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Trial: Nested Case-Control Study

Background: Selenium is an essential trace mineral with potential interest for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention owing to its antioxidant properties. Epidemiological data on selenium status and CVD remain inconsistent. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether low serum selenium (SSe) concentrations are related to an increased risk of a first CVD event in a population at high cardiovascular risk. Methods: We undertook a case-control study nested within the “PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea” (PREDIMED) trial. A total of 207 participants diagnosed with CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death) during the follow-up period (2003–2010) were matched by sex, age, and intervention group to 436 controls by incidence density sampling. Median time between serum sample collection and subsequent CVD event occurrence was 0.94 years. SSe levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. Covariates were assessed through validated questionnaires, in-person interviews, and medical record reviews. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs). Results: Among women, the mean SSe concentration was lower in cases than in controls (98.5 μg/L vs. 103.8 μg/L; p = 0.016). In controls, SSe levels were directly associated with percentage of total energy intake from proteins and fish intake (p for linear trend < 0.001 and 0.049, respectively), whereas SSe concentrations were inversely associated with age, body mass index, and percentage of total energy intake from carbohydrates (p for linear trend < 0.001, 0.008 and 0.016 respectively). In the total group, we observed an inverse dose–response gradient between SSe levels and risk of CVD in the fully-adjusted model (highest vs. lowest quartile: OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.27–0.81; ptrend = 0.003). Conclusions: Among elderly individuals at high cardiovascular risk, high SSe concentrations within population reference values are associated with lower first CVD incidence.
Serum apolipoproteins and apolipoprotein-defined lipoprotein subclasses: a hypothesis-generating prospective Serum apolipoproteins and apolipoprotein-defined lipoprotein subclasses: a hypothesis-generating prospective study of cardiovascular events in T1D patient-oriented and epidemiological researc

APOB, APOC3, and APOE and apolipoprotein-defined lipoprotein subclasses (ADLSs; based on qualitative apolipoprotein complement) have been associated with dyslipidemia and CVD. Our main objective was to define associations of Complications fasting samples collected from 1997 to 2000 (EDIC years 4–6), with participants selected on the basis of retinopathy, nephropathy, and carotid stenosis status. For all measures, sampling weights were cal-culated on the basis of the relative distribution of retinopathy, nephropathy, and carotid stenosis in this subcohort and in the full EDIC cohort and were further adjusted for sex and original DCCT cohort (primary prevention vs. secondary intervention). that APOC3, as as the of may represent a therapeutic target in individuals with T1D.
Fluorine abundances and the puzzle of globular cluster chemical history

The abundance of fluorine in a few Galactic globular clusters is known to strongly vary from star-to-star. These unexpected chemical properties are an additional confirmation of the chemical inhomogeneities already found in several GC, and probably caused by the first generations of stars formed in these systems. The aim of this article is to complement our understanding of the F-behaviour in GC stars and to look for new constraints on the formation histories of their multiple stellar populations. We have collected near-IR spectra of 15 RGB stars belonging to GC spanning a wide range of metallicity: 47 Tuc, M4, NGC6397 and M30. F, Na and Fe abundances have been estimated by spectral synthesis. No anticorrelation between F and Na abundances are found for the most metal-rich cluster of the sample (47 Tuc). In this GC, RGB stars indeed exhibit rather small differences in [F/Fe] unlike the larger ones found for the [Na/Fe] ratios. This reveals a rather inhomogeneous stellar system and a complex chemical evolution history for 47 Tuc . In M4, one star of our study confirms the previous Na-F distribution reported by another group in 2005. For the two very metal-poor GC (NGC6397 and M30), only upper limits of F abundances have been derived. We show that F abundances could be estimated in such metal-poor GC with current telescopes and spectrographs only if unexpected F-rich giants are found and/or exceptional observational conditions are met. The distribution of the F and Na abundances in GC reveal that their RGB members seem to belong to two well-separated regions. All the RGB stars analysed so far in the different GC are indeed found to be either F-rich Na-poor or F-poor Na-rich. Such well-separated bimodal regimes are consistent with the separate formation episodes suspected in most galactic GC.