Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strong impacts of signal crayfish invasion on upland stream fish and invertebrate communities

1. Impacts of invasive signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus on native species and eco systems are widely recognised, but mostly through small-scale studies and laboratory experiments that may not always reflect impacts in nature. Recorded effects of signal crayfish on fish populations are equivocal. In this study, using the before–after/control– impact and control–impact approaches, the effects of signal crayfish invasion on native fishes, particularly benthic fishes and young-of-year (YoY) salmonids, and macroinver tebrate communities, were determined on several spatial and temporal scales through three correlated study elements (S 1 –S 3 ), in upland streams of the River Tees, England. 2. In S 1 , we sampled fish and benthic macroinvertebrates of 18 streams identically in 2011 and 2018. These streams were categorised into two groups: (1) uninvaded
Synthesis of Li–Al-carbonate layered double hydroxide in a metal salt-free system

This work describes a novel method based on a metal salt-free system to synthesize a Li–Al–CO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) by simply adding powdered AlLi intermetallic compound (IMC) to a stirred water-bath at ambient temperature and atmosphere. The AlLi powder in the water-bath hydrolyzed strongly, subsequently forming an alkaline Al3+- and Li+-containing aqueous solution of pH 12.3. Additionally, dissolution of CO2 gas from the ambient atmosphere into the stirred alkaline solution produced the anion, CO32−, in the solution to form Li–Al–CO3 LDH. Washing in water was unnecessary because metal salts were not used to synthesize the LDH. Notably, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results indicate that nano-sized Al particles were incorporated on the surface of Li–Al–CO3 LDH flakes. Chemical analysis data suggest that the chemical formula of Li–Al–CO3 LDH was Li0.33Al0. 67(CO3)0.17(OH)2·mH2O. This work also investigates the removal of the fluoride ions from an aqueous solution by using Li–Al–CO3 LDH. Experimentally, residual fluoride concentration decreased to 0.4 ppm with an initial concentration of 20 ppm, which satisfies World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality. LDH. Experimentally, residual fluoride concentration decreased to 0.4 ppm with an initial concentration of 20 ppm, which satisfies World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality.
Social aspect as a part of HRQoL in patients with cystic fibrosis in Republic of North Macedonia

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that occurs as a result of mutations in a single gene responsible for synthesis of a protein known as a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Tsui and Buchwald, 1991). CF is a rare disease and according to available data in 33 EU countries, more than 42000 patients with CF have been registered. In Republic of North Macedonia (RNM), the average number of patients with CF is 110. Considering the fact that more than 20 patients of the whole population of RNM аre affected with CF, this disease is not administratively recognized as a rare disease in our country. The clinical picture of CF is dominated by symptoms of impaired functioning of lungs, liver, kidneys and intestine too (Naceva Fushtikj, 2012). The medical treatment of CF includes inhalation of mucolytic, inhalation of antibiotic, enzyme, vitamin and physical therapy. The limitations that patients experience due to the daily practice of the necessary therapy, inevitable affects their social activity. The main objective of this study was to assess the current social aspect of patients with CF in RNM. The measurement of the social aspect of patients with CF is important in order to improve their functional capabilities. The social aspect refers to the quantity and quality of social contacts and interactions (Goodman, 1998). The assessment of the social aspect was conducted as a part of Health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which provide the patient’s general subjective perception of the effect of illness and intervention on physical, psychological and social aspects of daily life (EUnetHTA, 2013).
Influence of Public Private Partnerships on Performance of Projects Among State Corporations in Kenya

Purpose: The overall objective of this study was to examine the influence of public private partnerships on performance of projects among state corporations in Kenya.Methodology: This research study adopted a descriptive research design approach. The study preferred this method because it allowed an in-depth study of the subject. The study employed stratified random sampling technique in coming up with a sample size of 127 respondents from a total of 187 target population. Structured and semi structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data gathered from the questionnaires administered was analyzed by the help of Ms Excel and SPSS version 22, while output was presented inform of frequency tables and charts. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics to show the relationship between variables.Results and conclusion: The regression equation above has established that taking all factors into account (policy framework, feasibility studies, value for money and risk mitigation) constant at zero, performance of projects among state corporations will be an index of 1.967. The study found that a unit increase in feasibility studies will lead to a 0.358 increase in the performance of PPP projects among state corporations. The P-value was 0.000 and hence the relationship was significant since the p-value was lower than 0.05. The findings presented also shows that taking all other independent variables at zero, a unit increase in policy framework will lead to a 0.132 increase in the performance of PPP projects among state corporations. The P-value was 0.02 which is less 0.05 and thus the relationship was significant. In addition, the study found that a unit increase in value for money will lead to a 0.121 increase in the performance of PPP projects among state corporations. The P-value was 0.000 and thus the relationship was significant because the p-value was less than 0.05. The study also found that a unit increase in risk mitigation will lead to a 0.05 increase in performance of PPP projects among state corporations. The P-value was 0.03, which is less than 0.05 and thus the relationship was significant. The findings of the study indicated that policy framework, feasibility studies, value for money and risk mitigation have a positive relationship with performance of projects among state corporations in Kenya.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that public institutions should embrace public private partnerships so as to improve performance of projects among state corporations and further researches should to be carried out in other public institutions to find out if the same results can be obtained.
Engineering Properties of Foods

Mass-Volume-Area-Related Properties of Foods Mohammad Shafiur Rahman Surface Properties Karl F. Schilke and Joseph McGuire Food Microstructure Analysis Bryony James Glass Transition in Foods Jasim Ahmed and Mohammad Shafiur Rahman Rheological Properties of Fluid Foods M. A. Rao Rheological Properties of Solid Foods V. N. Mohan Rao and Ximena Quintero Thermal Properties of Unfrozen Foods Paul Nesvadba Thermal Properties of Frozen Foods Gail Bornhorst, Arnab Sarkar, and R. Paul Singh Properties Relevant to Infrared Heating of Food Ashim K. Datta and Marialuci Almeida Mass Transfer Properties of Foods George D. Saravacos and Magda Krokida Thermodynamic Properties of Foods in Dehydration S. S. H. Rizvi Physicochemical and Engineering Properties of Food in Membrane Separation Processes Dipak Rana, Takeshi Matsuura, and Srinivasa Sourirajan Electrical Conductivity of Foods Sudhir K. Sastry and Pitiya Kamonpatana Dielectric Properties of Foods Ashim K. Datta, G. Sumnu, and G.S. V. Raghavan Ultrasound Properties of Foods M. J. McCarthy, L. Wang and K. L. McCarthy Kinetic Data for Biochemical and Microbiological Processes during Thermal Processing Ann Van Loey, Stefanie Christiaens, Ines Colle, Tara Grauwet, Lien Lemmens, Chantal Smout, Sandy Van Buggenhout, Liesbeth Vervoort, and Marc Hendrickx Kinetics and Process Design for High-Pressure Processing Tara Grauwet, Stijn Palmers, Liesbeth Vervoort, Ines Colle, Marc Hendrickx, and Ann Van Loey Gas Exchange Properties of Fruits and Vegetables Bart M. Nicolai, Jeroen Lammertyn, Wendy Schotsmans, and Bert E. Verlinden
Incongruent reaction of Cu–(InGa) intermetallic precursors in H2Se and H2S

The reaction pathways to form Cu(InGa)Se2 or Cu(InGa)S2 films at 450°C from metallic precursors were evaluated by reacting Cu–In–Ga films in H2Se or H2S for 10, 30, or 90min and characterizing the phase composition of the resulting films. A starting composition comprising Cu9(In0.64Ga0.36)4 and In phases was detected by x-ray diffraction in Cu–Ga–In precursors annealed at 450°C in an Ar atmosphere. When the precursors were reacted in H2Se, a graded Cu(InGa)Se2 film was formed with a Ga-rich composition and residual Cu–Ga intermetallics at the interface with the Mo back contact. The intermetallic compounds were observed to evolve from Cu9(In0.64Ga0.36)4 to Cu9Ga4 with increasing selenization time. Reaction in H2S formed inhomogeneous Cu(InGa)S2 with Cu–In intermetallics. The results are consistent with thermochemical predictions of the preferential reaction of In with Se, and Ga with S. These reaction preferences can explain the formation of a graded Cu(InGa)Se2 film during reaction in H2Se and provide a r.
Experimental Investigation of Temperature Effects on Low Salinity Enzyme Enhanced Oil Recovery Process

In this paper, the effect of temperature on low salinity brine and combined low salinity enzyme oil recovery processes in sandstone rock sample was experimentally investigated. The core flooding displacement tests were conducted with the injection of the enzyme in post-tertiary mode after secondary high salinity brine and tertiary low salinity brine injection processes. Effluents analyses of each of the flooding were carried out and used to evaluate the effect of temperature on rock-fluid interactions and enhanced oil recovery processes. The results showed that tertiary low salinity brine injection and post-tertiary enzyme injection increased recovery by 2.4-8.72% over the secondary high salinity brine flooding at 25 oC. Also, increase in oil recovery (0.57-13.18%) was observed with increase in the system temperature from 25 oC to 70 oC. Furthermore, the effluent of the 70 oC flooding was associated with the earliest low salinity brine ionic breakthrough front at 10 injected pore volume, while the 25 oC flooding breakthrough front occurred at 22 pore volume. However, no obvious effect of temperature on pH of the effluents was observed with all the floodings, but temperature effects were observed with the conductivity and ionic concentrations of all the effluents as evident by varied breakthrough times. Hence, the observed increased recovery in this study is attributable to combined effects of electric double-layer expansion, oil viscosity reduction and interfacial tension reduction. This novel study of the combined low salinity enzyme injection process is significant for the design of enzyme enhanced oil recovery processes. Keywords: Enhanced oil recovery, enzyme, sandstone, low salinity, core flooding, temperature.
THERMAL EFFECTS IN BINGHAM PLASTIC FLUID FILM LUBRICATION OF ASYMMETRIC ROLLERS

Hydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of asymmetric rollers lubricated by non-Newtonian incompressible Bingham plastic fluid are analyzed in this work. It narrates the qualitative research with the rigid system in which the viscosity of the particular non-Newtonian Bingham plastic substance is considered to become the function of hydrodynamic pressure. The equations considered in this work like equation of motion along with continuity and energy equations are solved numerically using MATLAB after particular analytical steps. Resulting from this particular work, it is identified that there is some notable change in temperatures, pressure, load and traction forces with Newtonian and also non-Newtonian fluids both. Moreover, the results acquired in this work have attained good agreement with earlier published work.
Converging on the orb: denser taxon sampling elucidates spider phylogeny and new analytical methods support repeated evolution of the orb web

High throughput sequencing and phylogenomic analyses focusing on relationships among spiders have both reinforced and upturned long‐standing hypotheses. Likewise, the evolution of spider webs—perhaps their most emblematic attribute—is being understood in new ways. With a matrix including 272 spider species and close arachnid relatives, we analyze and evaluate the relationships among these lineages using a variety of orthology assessment methods, occupancy thresholds, tree inference methods and support metrics. Our analyses include families not previously sampled in transcriptomic analyses, such as Symphytognathidae, the only araneoid family absent in such prior works. We find support for the major established spider lineages, including Mygalomorphae, Araneomorphae, Synspermiata, Palpimanoidea, Araneoidea and the Retrolateral Tibial Apophysis Clade, as well as the uloborids, deinopids, oecobiids and hersiliids Grade. Resulting trees are evaluated using bootstrapping, Shimodaira–Hasegawa approximate likelihood ratio test, local posterior probabilities and concordance factors. Using structured Markov models to assess the evolution of spider webs while accounting for hierarchically nested traits, we find multiple convergent occurrences of the orb web across the spider tree‐of‐life. Overall, we provide the most comprehensive spider tree‐of‐life to date using transcriptomic data and use new methods to explore controversial issues of web evolution, including the origins and multiple losses of the orb web.
Evidence of parallel denitrification and nitrite oxidation in the ODZ of the Arabian Sea from paired stable isotopes of nitrate and nitrite

The Arabian Sea is a major oceanic nitrogen sink, and its oxygen‐deficient zone (ODZ) extends from 150 m to 1200 m water depth. To identify the dominant transformation processes of reactive nitrogen and to quantify the amounts of nitrogen turned over in the different reactions of the nitrogen cycle, we use paired data on stable isotope ratios of nitrogen and oxygen in nitrate and nitrite measured at four near‐coastal and five open ocean stations in the Arabian Sea. We find significant nitrate reduction and denitrification between 100 m and 400 m in the open Arabian Sea, which are most intense in the eastern and northern part of the basin, and estimate that about 50% of initial nitrate is being reduced either to dinitrogen gas (denitrification) or to nitrite (nitrate reduction) in the core zone of denitrification. Nitrite accumulates in concentrations above 4 µM in the water column of the eastern and northern Arabian Sea. Large differences in isotopic ratios of nitrate and nitrite and a decoupling of their stable nitrogen and oxygen isotopes can be explained by the reoxidation of nitrite. The observed decoupling of the paired isotopes may be due to the exchange of oxygen of nitrite with oxygen from ambient water. In agreement with model estimates from the literature, about 25% of the nitrate initially reduced to nitrite is returned to the nitrate pool by nitrification in the upper and lower denitrification layer while 40% is denitrified.
Area exclosure effects on soil properties and woody species diversity in Amelake sub-watershed, Southern Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Land degradation in the form of soil and vegetation decline has been an ecological and agricultural problem in Ethiopian highlands. To overcome this issue, the government and local community has been practised area exclosure across the country including Amelake sub-watershed, southern Ethiopia. This study aimed to evaluate area exclosure effects on soil basic properties and woody species diversity in Amaleke sub-watershed. Composite soil samples and Woody plant species were collected with the transects by systematic sampling plot design technique from area exclosure for 10 years and adjacent degraded land with similar landscape position. The collected soil samples from area exclosure and degraded land were analysed through ANOVA whereas woody plant species determined by Shannon diversity. The result revealed that area exclosure had significantly (P < 0.05) different values for all basic soil properties except for soil bulk density, sand, EC and pH. Whereas 16 woody species representing 12 families were recorded in the study site. Out of the 12 families, all were recorded in the exclosure while 5 were recorded in the degraded site. Diversity index result revealed that the woody plant species diversity in exclosure and adjacent degraded land were 1.41 and 1.1, respectively. Similarly, species evenness in exclosure and degraded site were 2.41 and 1.84, respectively, whereas species richness in area exclosure and degraded land was 15 and 6, respectively. In general, exclosure has a great contribution to maintain health soil environment and woody plant species in the study area. Therefore, to improve the soil basic properties and woody species diversity area exclosure practices will be expanded to other degraded watersheds.
Developing High-Order Thinking in Primary School Students through Qur’anic Stories and the Hikmah Pedagogy of Philosophical Inquiry

The Hikmah pedagogy (HP) is an offshoot of the Philosophy for Children Programme (P4C), a method used in teaching critical, creative and benevolent thinking based on philosophical inquiry. Slightly different from the original P4C invented by Lipman, HP emphasizes the Islamic perspectives of metaphysics, epistemology and values. Interest in this pedagogy has led Muslim scholars to develop Islamic-based stories to be used with it in the classroom. But to date, no studies involving HP have employed stories drawn from the Qur’an, the holy scripture for Muslims, for the purposes of teaching Islamic Education and improving the thinking of students within this subject. Hence, this study is an effort to fill this gap in knowledge and research on HP. The participants were 12 primary school children around the age of 10. Using the qualitative case study method with focus group discussion and participant observation in a natural setting as the main data acquisition strategies, the study explored the experiences of these primary schoolers as they discovered Qur’anic stories through HP. Over a period of eight weeks, they learned to ask high-order questions about the stories and engage in debates about the issues and core messages contained within them in a community of inquiry (COI). The objectives were to explore if the pedagogy could enhance their cognitive behaviours (i.e., HOTS) and to find out their views about the method. The findings pointed to the success of HP in improving the students’ HOTS, especially in the skills of inquiring and reasoning, their general mannerisms and interest in the Islamic Education subject. The students also felt that they had a voice in the learning process, and that their opinions were heard and accepted. Overall, the students enjoyed the method and welcomed it as a positive change in their learning of Islamic Education.
Ground-Dwelling Invertebrate Abundance Positively Related to Volume of Logging Residues in the Southern Appalachians, USA

Invertebrates, especially those dependent on woody debris for a portion of their life cycle, may be greatly impacted by the amount of downed wood retained following timber harvests. To document relationships between invertebrates and logging residues, we sampled invertebrates with pitfall traps placed near or far from woody debris in 10 recently (2013–2015) harvested sites in western North Carolina with varying levels of woody debris retention. We measured the groundcover and microclimate at each trap and estimated site-level woody debris volume. We modeled predictors (e.g., site-level woody debris volume, percent woody debris cover at the trap site, site type) of captures of spiders (Araneae), harvestmen (Opiliones), centipedes/millipedes (Chilopoda/Diplopoda), ground beetles (Carabidae), rove beetles (Staphylinidae), other beetles, ants (Formicidae), grasshoppers (Acrididae/Tetrigidae), crickets (Gryllidae), and cave crickets (Rhaphidophoridae). In addition, we modeled ant occurrence at a finer taxonomic resolution, including red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren) and 13 other genera/species. Forest type, whether hardwood or white pine (Pinus strobus L.) overstory preharvest, was a predictor of invertebrate response for 21 of 24 taxonomic analyses. Invertebrate captures or the occurrence probability of ants increased with increasing site-level woody debris volume for 13 of the 24 taxa examined and increased with increasing coarse woody debris (CWD; diameter ≥ 10 cm) cover at the trap level for seven of 24 taxa examined. Our results indicate that woody debris in harvested sites is important for the conservation of a majority of the taxa we studied, which is likely because of the unique microclimate offered near/under woody debris. Stand-scale factors typically were more important predictors of invertebrate response than trap-level cover of woody debris. We recommend implementing sustainability strategies (e.g., Biomass Harvesting Guidelines) to retain woody debris scattered across harvested sites to aid in the conservation of invertebrates.
Data informed leadership: the work of primary mathematics lead teachers in New Zealand

ABSTRACT Increasingly, teachers are considered accountable for continuous improvement in student achievement. They are expected to integrate and analyse data from multiple sources in order to make decisions aimed at positively influencing student outcomes. Given the growing recognition of the importance of data-informed decision making in teaching, it is important to understand how teachers can best be supported in this. Currently, there is little research into how teachers can facilitate data literacy development for their in-school colleagues. This study employed an interpretive qualitative methodology to focus on the experiences of mathematics lead teachers (MLTs) in leading change to support the development of their colleagues. MLTs were found to use a range of tailored strategies, providing ‘on the job’ and ‘just in time’ support, and demonstrating evaluative and adaptive capabilities. They were found to provide leadership in the development of data-informed decision making through their collaborative approach.
Analytical Analysis of Effects of Buoyancy, Internal Heat Generation, Magnetic Field, and Thermal Radiation on a Boundary Layer over a Vertical Plate with a Convective Surface Boundary Condition

In this paper, the effects of magnetic field, thermal radiation, buoyancy force, and internal heat generation on the laminar boundary layer flow about a vertical plate in the presence of a convective surface boundary condition have been investigated. In the analysis, it is assumed that the left surface of the plate is in contact with a hot fluid, whereas a stream of cold fluid flows steadily over the right surface, and the heat source decays exponentially outwards from the surface of the plate. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations have been transformed into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the help of similarity transformation which were solved analytically by applying the optimal homotopy asymptotic method. The variations of fluid velocity and surface temperature for different values of the Grashof number, magnetic parameter, Prandtl number, internal heat generation parameter, Biot number, and radiation absorption parameter are tabulated, graphed, and interpreted in physical terms. A comparison with previously published results on similar special cases of the problem shows an excellent agreement.