Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turkish Validity and Reliability of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) with High-Risk Infant Group: A Preliminary Study

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability of the Turkish translation of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination in infants at 8-12 months corrected age and compare Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination scores to other predictive assessments. Materials and Methods: Perinatal risk factors, term-age magnetic resonance imaging, general movements at 3-month corrected age, and 12-month corrected age The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III) scores were obtained in 35 high-risk infants. The Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination was evaluated using intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination scores were compared to the findings from the three other assessments. Results: Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was high (intraclass correlation coefficient = 1.00; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.969, P < .001, 95% CI = 0.939-0.984, respectively). Global Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination scores were significantly lower in infants with magnetic resonance imaging evidence of brain injury than without (P < .05) and in infants without general movements Fidgety movements (P < .05), than with. There was a significant positive correlation between global Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination scores and Bayley Scales-III cognitive (P < .001), language (P < .001), and motor composite scores (P < .001). Conclusion: This study strongly supports the use of the Turkish translation of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination. Users found it readily understandable and easy to use, and the scores were consistent with 3 different methods of predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes. These findings will aid the early diagnosis, management, and support for children with neurodevelopmental problems.
Antiseptic Agents for Chronic Wounds: A Systematic Review

In many parts of the world, antiseptic agents remain non-indicated in chronic wound care. In the current context of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the development of new-generation antiseptic agents, wound antisepsis represents an asset for the prevention of wound infection. We aimed to evaluate four common antiseptic agents in chronic wound care complete healing. The review protocol was based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention and devised in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. Five databases and three clinical trials registries were searched from inception to 30 June 2021 without language restrictions. We included randomised trials evaluating the efficacy of antiseptic agents in chronic wound care in adults. Interventions considered were those using antiseptics for cleansing or within a dressing. Risk of bias was assessed using the bias excel tool provided by the Bristol Academy. Evidence quality was assessed using Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Of 838 studies, 6 were finally included, with a total of 725 patients. The included studies assessed iodine (cadexomer or povidone iodine) (n = 3), polyhexanide (n = 2), and octenidine (n = 1). Limited evidence suggested a better wound healing completion with iodine compared to saline (two randomised controlled trials (RCT), 195 patients, pooled RR 1.85 (95%CI (1.27 to 2.69)), moderate-quality evidence). There was not enough evidence to suggest a difference in wound healing using octenidine or polyhexamide. None of the antiseptic agents influenced adverse event occurrence compared to saline.
Clinical Significance of COVID-19 and Diabetes: In the Pandemic Situation of SARS-CoV-2 Variants including Omicron (B.1.1.529)

Simple Summary Amidst the dual pandemics of diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with the constant emergence of novel variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a vicious cycle has been created, i.e., a hyperglycemic state contributes to the severe clinical course of COVID-19, which in turn has deleterious effects on glycometabolism and in some cases causes new-onset diabetes. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the current literature on the clinical and experimental findings associated with the interrelationship between diabetes and COVID-19. To control disease outcomes and glucometabolic complications in COVID-19, this issue is still being investigated. Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains uncontrolled, with the spread of emerging variants. According to accumulating evidence, diabetes is one of the leading risk factors for a severe COVID-19 clinical course, depending on the glycemic state before admission and during COVID-19 hospitalization. Multiple factors are thought to be responsible, including an altered immune response, coexisting comorbidity, and disruption of the renin-angiotensin system through the virus–host interaction. However, the precise underlying mechanisms remain under investigation. Alternatively, the focus is currently on the diabetogenic and ketosis-prone potential of SARS-CoV-2 itself, even for probable triggers of stress and steroid-induced hyperglycemia in COVID-19. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of the recent literature on the clinical and experimental findings associated with diabetes and COVID-19, and we discuss their bidirectional relationship, i.e., the risk for an adverse prognosis and the deleterious effects on glycometabolism. Accurate assessments of the incidence of new-onset diabetes induced by COVID-19 and its pathogenicity are still unknown, especially in the context of the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as Omicron (B.1.1.529), which is a major challenge for the future.
A Study of Hematological Profile in Dengue Fever in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever has emerged as a global public health problem in recent decades. (1) It is an acute febrile illness with symptoms of sudden onset of fever, headache, bodyache, generalized weakness, retro-orbital pain and rash. (2) Its diagnosis is based on clinical and laboratory data. Clinical symptoms and signs along with laboratory tests i.e. both non-specific [blood count, platelet count, prothrombin time (PT)] and specific tests (viral isolation tests and serology for antibody examination) are evaluated for diagnosis. (3,4) Aim: To study haematological profile in patients of dengue fever. Objective: To correlate haematological parameters with clinical details. Methods: The present study is a two year hospital based prospective study of all the haematological parameters in patients diagnosed serologically positive as dengue fever in tertiary care centre from June 2019 to May 2021, which includes 210 cases. Results: 104 cases (49.5 %) were in the 2nd decade of life, which was the most common age group. There were 115 (54.7 %) males and 95 (45.2%) females. The most common presenting complaint was fever (185 cases). 98 cases (46.6%) were noted with hemoglobin ranging from 12-15 gm/dl and with hematocrit levels ranging from 40-49%. 128 cases (60.9 %) had TLC within normal limit. Maximum number of patients i.e. 87 cases (41.4 %) had platelet count with moderate thrombocytopenia. In DHF and DSS cases, 18 (72%) cases showed moderate thrombocytopenia. According to bleeding manifestations, petechiae was noted in 18 cases, hematemesis in 8 cases whereas 3 cases presented with melena.MPV and PDW in thrombocytopenic patients was found to be significantly higher than in non-thrombocytopenic patients. Conclusion: Hematocrit (HCT) and platelet count monitoring is useful to determine therapeutic intervention in case of dengue fever. Key words: Dengue fever, haematological profile, clinical correlation.
Culture’s Gendered Consequences: The Relationship Between Local Cultural Conditions and the Gender Wage Gap

Local economic conditions have been found to be highly influential in shaping patterns of gender inequality across the United States. Less attention, however, has been directed toward exploring the role of cultural characteristics, such as gender norms toward women’s leadership and family divisions of labor. Using data from the American Community Survey and the General Social Survey, we examine the relationship between local gender norms and levels of the gender wage gap across US commuting zones. Results indicate that gender egalitarian family norms predict lower gender wage gaps, while norms toward women’s suitability for leadership are unrelated to wage inequality between women and men. Investigating the mechanisms by which local norms relate to gender wage gaps, we find that family gender norms are unrelated to occupational gender segregation. Instead, egalitarian gender norms toward the family division of labor are associated with greater within-occupation wage equality, indicating that women and men in the same occupations have more equitable opportunities and compensation in contexts where family expectations are shared equally.
Computer-Assisted Pterygium Screening System: A Review

Pterygium is an eye condition that causes the fibrovascular tissues to grow towards the corneal region. At the early stage, it is not a harmful condition, except for slight discomfort for the patients. However, it will start to affect the eyesight of the patient once the tissues encroach towards the corneal region, with a more serious impact if it has grown into the pupil region. Therefore, this condition needs to be identified as early as possible to halt its growth, with the use of simple eye drops and sunglasses. One of the associated risk factors for this condition is a low educational level, which explains the reason that the majority of the patients are not aware of this condition. Hence, it is important to develop an automated pterygium screening system based on simple imaging modalities such as a mobile phone camera so that it can be assessed by many people. During the early stage of automated pterygium screening system development, conventional machine learning techniques such as support vector machines and artificial neural networks are the de facto algorithms to detect the presence of pterygium tissues. However, with the arrival of the deep learning era, coupled with the availability of large training data, deep learning networks have replaced the conventional networks in screening for the pterygium condition. The deep learning networks have been successfully implemented for three major purposes, which are to classify an image regarding whether there is the presence of pterygium tissues or not, to localize the lesion tissues through object detection methodology, and to semantically segment the lesion tissues at the pixel level. This review paper summarizes the type, severity, risk factors, and existing state-of-the-art technology in automated pterygium screening systems. A few available datasets are also discussed in this paper for both classification and segmentation tasks. In conclusion, a computer-assisted pterygium screening system will benefit many people all over the world, especially in alerting them to the possibility of having this condition so that preventive actions can be advised at an early stage.
Oral Pyruvate Effects on Dorsal Root Ganglia in Simulated Weightlessness Rats

Background: Long-term microgravity in spaceflight has been demonstrated with induction of multi-organ damage and dysfunction, including the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) injury. Present studies investigated protective effects of oral pyruvate in drinking water on lumbar 5 (L5) DRG tissues in rats subjected with hindlimb unweighting (HU). Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups (N = 10): the control (CON) group, the suspension (SUS) group, the normal saline (SAL) group and the sodium pyruvate (PYR) group, respectively. Rats in the SUS, SAL and PYR groups were treated with simulated microgravity by HU with tail suspension for an 8-week period. Rats in the SAL and PYR groups were fed with normal saline and pyruvate saline, respectively. Histopathological hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and Nissl-stained neurons as well as myelin sheath immunofluorescence examinations in L5 DRG tissues were carried out. The protein expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) as well as the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were also determined after HU procedures. Results: Data showed that nerve tissues’ structure and function were robustly altered in L5 DRG of the SUS and SAL groups, whereas morphological changes were not significantly different between the PYR group and the CON group; levels of GDNF, GFAP, NSE and S100B were significantly changed in the SUS and SAL groups, but mostly preserved or overexpressed in group PYR following the HU injury. However, levels of ATP and ATPase were significantly retained, but still worse in the PYR group than in the CON group. The significance of oral pyruvate protection against DRG injury following the HU and the dose and formula of oral pyruvate solutions were discussed for the use of astronauts in space missions. Conclusions: This study indicates that oral pyruvate can effectively protect L5 DRG against the damage of pathological alterations and dysfunction induced by the HU in rats. Further investigations are needed.
A Comparative Study of Ultrasound-Guided Continuous Adductor Canal Block With Ultrasound-Guided Continuous Femoral Nerve Block in Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty for Limb Mobilization and Analgesic Efficacy

Background Total knee joint replacement surgery is associated with severe postoperative pain and is amenable to regional anesthesia techniques for pain control. Femoral nerve block (FNB) provides effective analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) but has been associated with delayed ambulation due to quadriceps muscle weakness. Adductor canal block (ACB) may be a promising alternative, with less effect on the quadriceps muscle and comparable analgesic efficacy. We evaluated the effectiveness, safety, and patient satisfaction of continuous ACB augmented with infiltration between the popliteal artery and capsule of the knee (iPACK) block and compared them with those of continuous FNB amplified with iPACK block in preventing postoperative pain among patients undergoing unilateral total knee replacement (TKR) surgeries. Methodology According to a computer-generated sequence from September 2019 to June 2020, 50 American Society of Anesthesiologists grades I-III patients aged between 35 and 75 years who underwent unilateral TKR surgery were randomized into two equal groups, namely, ACB and FNB. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) and 10-minute walk tests were used to detect early ambulation (impact on quadriceps muscle). The secondary goal was to evaluate and compare opioid consumption and analgesic efficacy between the groups measured using a numeric rating scale (NRS). The demographic characteristics, technical difficulty, efficiency, safety, and comfort were compared between the two groups. Results During the postoperative period, patients in the ACB group could perform all TUG tests significantly faster than those in the FNB group. The mean get-up time in the ACB group was 39.08 ± 5.53 seconds, whereas that in the FNB group was 44.92 ± 7.10 seconds (p < 0.01). The 3-m walk time was 123.16 ± 15.90 seconds in the ACB group and 134.68 ± 13.13 seconds in the FNB group (p < 0.01). The 10-m walk time was 221.24 ± 18.82 seconds in the ACB group and 245.24 ± 21.68 seconds in the FNB group (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in NRS scores between the groups after the first 24 hours. The number of opioids available for consumption in both groups was equivalent. Conclusions ACB when augmented with an iPACK block is a good alternative to FNB for unilateral TKR surgeries. ACB may promote early ambulation without a reduction in analgesia when compared with FNB.
COVID-19 in healthcare workers in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil: clinical and sociodemographic characteristics associated with death and hospitalization

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze clinical and sociodemographic characteristics associated with death and hospitalization of healthcare workers due to COVID-19, in addition to calculating the incidence rates per profession. Methods A cross-sectional observational study using secondary open data from the State Health Department of Espírito Santo (ES), Brazil. The cases of COVID-19 in healthcare workers were recorded between February 27 and August 17, 2020, in Espírito Santo, excluding cases with missing information. Results Of the confirmed cases, 75.6% (n=9,191) were female. The overall case fatality rate was 0.27% and the general hospitalization rate was 0.99%. The clinical outcome of death and the occurrence of hospitalization were associated with male sex, age ≥50 years, higher education, fever, difficulty breathing, cough, cardiac comorbidity, diabetes and obesity (p<0.05). Only the occurrence of hospitalization was associated with case reported in the metropolitan region of Vitória, runny nose, sore throat, headache and renal comorbidity (p<0.05). The profession with the highest incidence rate was nurse (16,053.2 cases/100,000 nurses). Conclusion The study demonstrated high frequency of cases among women, low overall case fatality rate, and high incidence in nurses.
Pleuropulmonary MDCT Findings: Comparison between Children with Pulmonary Vein Stenosis and Prematurity-Related Lung Disease

Purpose: To retrospectively compare the pleuropulmonary MDCT findings in children with pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) and prematurity-related lung disease (PLD). Materials and Methods: All consecutive infants and young children (≤18 years old) who underwent thoracic MDCT studies from July 2004 to November 2021 were categorized into two groups—children with PVS (Group 1) and children with PLD without PVS (Group 2). Two pediatric radiologists independently evaluated thoracic MDCT studies for the presence of pleuropulmonary abnormalities as follows—(1) in the lung (ground-glass opacity (GGO), triangular/linear plaque-like opacity (TLO), consolidation, nodule, mass, cyst(s), interlobular septal thickening, and fibrosis); (2) in the airway (bronchial wall thickening and bronchiectasis); and (3) in the pleura (thickening, effusion, and pneumothorax). Interobserver agreement between the two reviewers was evaluated with the Kappa statistic. Results: There were a total of 103 pediatric patients (60 males (58.3%) and 43 females (41.7%); mean age, 1.7 years; range, 2 days–7 years). Among these 103 patients, 49 patients (47.6%) comprised Group 1 and the remaining 54 patients (52.4%) comprised Group 2. In Group 1, the observed pleuropulmonary MDCT abnormalities were—pleural thickening (44/49; 90%), GGO (39/49; 80%), septal thickening (39/49; 80%), consolidation (4/49; 8%), and pleural effusion (1/49; 2%). The pleuropulmonary MDCT abnormalities seen in Group 2 were—GGO (45/54; 83%), TLO (43/54; 80%), bronchial wall thickening (33/54; 61%), bronchiectasis (30/54; 56%), cyst(s) (5/54; 9%), pleural thickening (2/54; 4%), and pleural effusion (2/54; 4%). Septal thickening and pleural thickening were significantly more common in pediatric patients with PVS (Group 1) (p < 0.001). TLO, bronchial wall thickening, and bronchiectasis were significantly more frequent in pediatric patients with PLD without PVS (Group 2) (p < 0.001). There was high interobserver kappa agreement between the two independent reviewers for detecting pleuropulmonary abnormalities on thoracic MDCT angiography studies (k = 0.99). Conclusion: Pleuropulmonary abnormalities seen on thoracic MDCT can be helpful for distinguishing PVS from PLD in children. Specifically, the presence of septal thickening and pleural thickening raises the possibility of PVS, whereas the presence of TLO, bronchial wall thickening and bronchiectasis suggests PLD in the pediatric population.
Generalized quasi-Keplerian solution for eccentric, nonspinning compact binaries at 4PN order and the associated inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform

(Dated: We derive fourth post-Newtonian (4PN) contributions to the Keplerian-type parametric solution associated with the conservative dynamics of eccentric, non-spinning compact binaries. The solution has been computed while ignoring certain zero-average, oscillatory terms arising due to 4PN tail eﬀects. We provide explicit expressions for the parametric solution and various orbital elements in terms of the conserved energy, angular momentum and symmetric mass ratio. Canonical perturbation theory (along with the technique of Pad´e approximant) is used to incorporate the 4PN nonlocal-in-time tail eﬀects within the action-angles framework. We then employ the resulting solution to obtain an updated inspiral-merger-ringdown (IMR) waveform that models the coalescence of non-spinning, moderately eccentric black hole binaries, inﬂuenced by Ref. [I. Hinder et al. , Phys. Rev. D 98, 044015 (2018)]. Our updated waveform is expected to be valid over similar parameter range as the above reference. We also present a related waveform which makes use of only the post-Newtonian equations and thus is valid only for the inspiral stage. This waveform is expected to work for a much larger range of eccentricity ( e t < ∼ 0 . 85) than our full IMR waveform (which assumes circularization of the binaries close to merger). We ﬁnally pursue preliminary data analysis studies to probe the importance of including the 4PN contributions to the binary dynamics while constructing gravitational waveform templates for eccentric mergers.
HIV-Associated Lymphomas: Progress and New Challenges

The association of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and aggressive lymphomas was first reported in 1982. Before the development of effective HIV antiviral therapy, the incidence and the mortality of these lymphomas was high, with patients frequently succumbing to the disease. More lately, the combination of cART with chemoimmunotherapy significantly improved the survival outcome of the HIV-lymphomas. In this review, we discuss on describing the incidence of HIV-associated lymphomas, their clinical features, and the latest advances in the management of the various lymphoma subtypes.
Metacognitive control in single- vs. dual-process theory

Abstract Recent work in cognitive modelling has found that most of the data that has been cited as evidence for the dual-process theory (DPT) of reasoning is best explained by non-linear, “monotonic” one-process models. In this paper, I consider an important caveat of this research: it uses models that are committed to unrealistic assumptions about how effectively task conditions can isolate Type-1 and Type-2 reasoning. To avoid this caveat, I develop a coordinated theoretical, experimental, and modelling strategy to better test DPT. First, I propose that Type-1 and Type-2 reasoning are defined as reasoning that precedes and follows metacognitive control, respectively. Second, I argue that reasoning that precedes and follows metacognitive control can be effectively isolated using debiasing paradigms that manipulate metacognitive heuristics (e.g., processing fluency) to prevent or trigger metacognitive control, respectively. Third, I argue that monotonic modelling can allow us to decisively test DPT only when we use them to analyse data from this particular kind of debiasing paradigm.