Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overweight and Obesity and its associated factors among high school students of Dibrugarh, Assam, India

Background: The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity is emerging as a public health problem in urban India and also contributes to obesity and various non-communicable diseases among adult population. Hence, it is necessary to identify potential risk factors for childhood obesity and formulate early interventions to control this epidemic. Aims & Objectives: To assess the magnitude of overweight and obesity among high-school students of Dibrugarh and to determine factors associated with it. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study including students enrolled in 8th- 10th grades in schools of urban Dibrugarh, Assam was conducted from October 2012 to June 2013 wherein 1000 students were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Information regarding dietary intake, amount of physical activity was collected using pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire followed by anthropometric measurements which included body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference was done. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS-16 software. Results: Of the 1000 students enrolled, 119 (11.9%) were overweight, 71 (7.1%) were obese and 225 (22.5%) had high waist-hip ratio. The factors significantly associated with overweight and obesity were higher socio-economic class, frequent intake of fast food items, sedentary lifestyle with less physical activity. Conclusion: Children belonging to higher socio-economic group, consuming fast food and involved in less physical activity were more predisposed to overweight and obesity.
Anaerobic Biodegradation of Three Aromatic Sulfur Compounds by Desulfovibrio Psychrotolerans JCM14597T, in Soil and Sludge Microcosms

Aromatic compounds form the second largest group of organic compounds in nature after carbohydrates [1]. Hazardous aromatic compounds get into the environment in the form of diverse detergents, with oil spills, sewage from petroleum refineries and chemical plants, and with municipal waste waters. Many environments are anoxic or rapidly become anoxic due to contamination with carbon rich compounds like wastes from industrial effluents, gasoline, crude oil etc [2]. Removal of such recalcitrant compounds becomes important as these potentially hazardous molecules may enter into drinking water supplies.
DE3_OA_Arshad edit

Background : Dental anxiety is a common problem, which can affect people of all ages, but appears to develop mostly in childhood. Practitioners use numerous methods to control dental anxiety in children during the dental procedures. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O/O2) inhalation sedation and video-eyeglass distraction (VED) in the management of anxious pediatric patients during dental extraction. Methods : The study was conducted on 40 children aged 6-12 years who required extraction of at-least one mandibular primary molar under local anesthesia. The children were randomly divided into two groups with 20 children in each – Group-A wearing videoeyeglass and Group-B using N2O/O2 inhalation sedation during dental extraction. The physiological assessment was done by recording heart rate using fingertip pulse oximeter. The psychological assessment was done by recording base line anxiety before the treatment and post treatment anxiety at the completion of extraction using Venham’s anxiety scale (VAS). Independent t-test with p value <0.05 level of significance was used to compare means of two groups. Results : Comparison of Venham’s anxiety score of participants at the completion of extraction, showed statistically no significant difference (p=0.946). The mean pulse rate recorded at different time points between the two groups was also statistically non-significant (P=0.923, 0.957, 1.00 respectively). Conclusion : Both N2O/O2 inhalation sedation and VED were equally effective in reducing anxiety during dental extraction but considering the adverse effects and requirement of expert personnel in N2O/O2 inhalation sedation, VED may be preferred because of its better applicability.
ICI Cancellation in MIMO-OFDM Systems

– The CFO destroys the orthogonality among subcarriers and hence causes ICI in MIMO-OFDM systems. The ICI self-cancellation schemes, available in literature for SISO-OFDM systems, reduce the effect of ICI at the cost of spectral efficiency or system throughput. In this paper a new scheme is presented to reduce the effect of ICI with system throughput higher than that of ICI self-cancellation scheme for MIMO-OFDM system. This is achieved by equalization of the weighting coefficients.
Anti diabetic and anti oxidative potencies study of ethyl acetate fraction of hydromethanolic (40:60) extract of seed of Eugenia jambolana Linn and its chromatographic purification

Eugenia jambolana Linn. of Myrtaceae family is widely distributed all through India and its traditional medicinal use is well recognized. Diabetic therapeutic potentiality of ethyl acetate fraction of hydromethanolic (40:60) extract of seed of E. jambolana was investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Diabetic state was confirmed by increased fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels along with diminished body weight and serum insulin level. Diabetes induced carbohydrate metabolic homeostasis alteration was evaluated by increased activities of glucose-6-phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and decreased activities of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzymes in hepatic, skeletal and cardiac tissues along with low glycogen contents in liver and skeletal tissues. Oxidative stress development in diabetes was confirmed from diminished activities of free radical scavenging enzymes and elevated levels of end products of lipid peroxidation in said tissues. Oral administration of ethyl acetate fraction at a dose of 20 mg and glibenclamide at a dose of 0.6 mg in 0.5 mL water /100 g body weight/rat for twice a day at fasting state to the diabetic rats for 28 days significantly (p<0.05) resettled all the above parameters to their respective control levels. To establish safety profile of the said fraction, metabolic as well as acute toxicity studies were carried out as per established guidelines. HPTLC fingerprinting of bioactive ethyl acetate fraction was recorded with mobile phase Ethyl acetate: Methanol: Water :: 100:13.5:10 (v/v). Two separate spots with Rf values of 0.83 and 0.54 were found after scanning at λ 254 nm. HPLC study of ethyl acetate fraction was carried out on C18 column with premixed solvents Water: Acetonitryl: Methanol :: 40:30:30 (v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min using isocratic elution technique which also showed two completely resolved peaks at λ max 220 nm. On the basis of above mentioned experimental studies it has been revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction of E. jambolana has its attribute of antihyperglycemic and primary antioxidant activities against diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress by these two compounds.
Management of Osteoporosis in Family Practice

: Introduction: The important target when managing females with post-menopausal osteoporosis is to avoid the development of future pathological fractures. Thus, detecting females at the highest risk is a priority. Low bone mineral density, especially at the site of the hip, is an important risk factor for the development of pathological fractures: for every 1-SD decrement in bone mineral density, the risk of developing a pathological fracture increases by a factor of two to three,6 therefore, most protocols suggest a single bone mineral density evaluation at or around sixty-five years of age. On the other hand, a more comprehensive evaluation of clinical predisposing factors is beneficial to help define the absolute risk for an individual and to detect patients who require management. The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), that was created by the WHO based on data acquired from several international cohort studies, incorporates established risk factors and bone mineral density at the site of the femoral neck to predict individual ten-year risk of developing a hip or another major osteoporotic fracture; in addition, its main use is encouraged by multiple international professional organizations. Aim of work: In this review, we will discuss osteoporosis Methodology: We did a systematic search for osteoporosis using PubMed search engine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Google Scholar search engine (https://scholar.google.com). All relevant studies were retrieved and discussed. We only included full articles. Conclusions: Females who have a low bone mineral density and a history of pathological fractures are consistent with having osteoporosis. It is recommended for these females to increase physical exercise, avoid smoking and alcohol abuse, and consume a total calcium intake of 1000 to 1500 milli-gram daily and a total vitamin D intake of 600 to 800 IU daily, along with the administration of an anti-resorptive medication. It is also generally recommended to prescribe a bisphosphonate as a first-line treatment if there are no clear contraindications; with a thorough discussion with the patient about the rare possible risks of developing atypical femur fracture or jaw osteonecrosis but also the higher anticipated effects in terms of overall decrease in the rates of developing pathological fractures. Based on the results of follow-up bone mineral density measurement, it is also recommended to discuss the possibility of temporarily stopping the bisphosphonate after five years of treatment.
Are Reincarnation Type Cases Shaped by Parental Guidance? An Empirical Study Concerning the Limits of Parents' Influence on Children

The author conducted a systematic survey of cases of the reincarnation type in a region of northern India with an estimated population of 861 1 persons. The 91 respondents informed about 19 cases, suggesting a prevalence rate of 2.2 per thousand in this area. In addition to the characteristics of the cases, the author learned about the range and extent of dissemination of information about such cases. Information regarding the occurrence of particular cases traveled a maximum distance of 75 kilometers; in 94% of the cases it never went beyond 25 kilometers. Information about the factual details of cases traveled even shorter distances. Cases occurring within the same family or the same village showed considerable variations in important features, making it unlikely that cases developed later had been modeled on ones occurring earlier.
Detection of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Dogs and Cats in Selangor, Malaysia

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an emerging coagulase gram-positive staphylococci in dogs and cats. It has now become a threat to animal health due to its multidrug resistance leading to very limited therapeutic options particularly in the treatment of small animals and therefore, requires urgent action to control its spread. The organism is currently recognised as a significant pathogen in veterinary medicine causing skin, ear and wound infections in dogs and cats. So far, there is limited coverage in relation to research studies concerning on S. pseudintermedius in dogs and cats in Malaysia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the presence of S. pseudintermedius in dogs and cats as well as to evaluate the best site for isolation of the organism. A total of two hundred dogs (n = 100) and cats (n = 100) were randomly sampled. Swab samples were taken from the nasal cavity, buccal cavity, rectum and perineal skin aseptically from both pet and stray dogs and cats. The samples were cultured and isolates were identified by biochemical tests and confirmed using a species-specific PCR assay. Our results revealed that the proportion of detection of S. pseudintermedius was higher in stray dogs and cats than pet animals. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was detected in 6.5% (13/200) stray dogs, 6% (12/200) stray cats, 1.5% (3/200) pet dogs and 0% in pet cats. Our findings also demonstrated that nasal cavity was the ideal site for isolation of the organism (5.5%), followed by buccal cavity (3.5%), skin (2.5%) and rectum (2.5%), but statistically, the difference was not significant (p = 0.174). In conclusion, this study provided an empirical evidence in relation to the detection of S. pseudintermedius in stray and pet dogs and cats in Selangor, Malaysia. Future research is urgently needed to better understand the epidemiology of S. pseudintermedius in field settings.
Correlation between menopausal symptoms and quality of life among postmenopausal women

Background: Menopause is a critical period in a woman’s life that is associated with multiple physical, vasomotor, psychological and sexual complaints. Objective: To assess the severity of menopausal symptoms and their impact on quality of life among postmenopausal women in selected villages of Coimbatore. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 postmenopausal women aged 46-60 years were randomly interviewed using q structured questionnaire. I has three parsSocio demographic characteristics, Menopausal Rating Scale to assess the menopausal symptoms and QOL using the 29-item MenopauseSpecific Quality of life Questionnaire. Results : out of 250 study subjects 133(53.2%) experiencing a sensation of heat over face, face and body weekly once, 134(53.6%) had excessive sweating in the night on alternate days, 135(54%) experiencing palpitation weekly once and 127(50.8%) experiencing chest tightness weekly once. Majority of them have sleeping problems like difficulty in falling asleep 125(50%) in weekly once and waking up early 168 (67.2%) on alternate days. The overall median score of quality of life with respect to vasomotor and psychosocial domain were higher than the physical and sexual domain. The mean score of overall quality of life among postmenopausal women was found 4.1± 0.3 and the median was 4.1. Conclusion: The result shows that menopausal symptoms significantly affects the QOL.
The Prevalence and Consumer Attitudes and Understanding of Nutrient Content and Disease Risk Reduction Claims: Evaluating the Implementation of Nutrition-related Claims on Foods in Canada

An amendment to the Food and Drugs Regulations in 2002 made nutrition labelling mandatory (i.e. the Nutrition Facts table, NFt), formally regulated nutrient content (NC) claims and permitted the first five disease risk reduction (DRR) claims to be used on food labels in Canada. These changes were presented as a population-wide public health intervention to help consumers make healthier food choices. To this date, the implementation of nutrition-related claims has received little evaluation compared to the NFt. This thesis comprises four studies aimed at evaluating the implementation of Canadian regulations on nutrition-related claims. Study 1 uses the largest national database of Canadian food label information to estimate the prevalence of NC and DRR claims in Canada. Studies 2 to 4 evaluate consumer attitudes and understanding of a variety of permitted Canadian nutrition-related claims, including NC and DRR claims on sodium, plant sterols and oat fibre. Results show that consumers are exposed most often to NC claims that only describe the level of the nutrient and do not mention health. Therefore, the onus is on the consumer to know the claimed nutrient’s health benefits. The consumer studies
Alveolar macrophage proteinase/antiproteinase expression and lung function/emphysema

1) UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. 2) Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Oncology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan. 3) Division of Respiratory Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 4) Department of Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 5) Department of Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 6) Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 7) Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Loss of FAM20A protein induces Amelogenesis Imperfecta in mice

FAM20A is a member of family of related proteins that has been named family with sequence similarity 20 (FAM20) with three members (FAM20A, FAM20B and FAM20C) in mammals. Recently, some studies have reported that patients with Amelogenesis Imperfecta caused by FAM20A mutation displayed several dental phenotypes including hypoplastic enamel, failure of tooth development and gingival hyperplasia. We have reported a transgenic mouse line with a 58-kb fragment deletion that encompasses part of the Fam20a gene and its upstream region shows growth disorder. In the present study, we aimed to clarify how the loss of Fam20a protein influenced the development of dental tissues in the Fam20a-/mouse. The light microscopic study (LM) of paraffin-embedded specimens demonstrated hypoplastic enamel and gingival hyperplasia in the Fam20a-/mice. The LM of ground sections of the mandibles containing teeth showed that there was no enamel covering the coronal dentine. Immunohistochemical study of the mandibles (paraffin-embedded specimens) indicated that Fam20a protein expressed in osteoid tissue and tooth germ of Fam20a+/+ mice, but does not expressed in Fam20a-/mice. In conclusion, this study revealed that the FAM20A protein is required for enamel formation.
Effectiveness of Health Education Programmed on Knowledge regarding Management of Orthopedic Appliances among Fracture Patients at RL Jalappa Hospital, Kolar

Fracture is a disruption or break in the continuity of the bone. It usually occurs as a result of blow to the body, a fall, or accident. Traumatic injuries account the majority of the fractures, although some fractures are secondary to a disease (pathological fractures). The highest incidence of fracture in males is between the age group of 15 to 24 years and in women it is 65 years or above [1]. Majority of patients with injuries of the musculoskeletal system will be managed by bed rest, immobilization and rehabilitation itself without requirement of surgical intervention. Immobilization is achieved by orthopedic appliances. These appliances produce skeletal changes by applying force with the help of plaster cast and braces [2]. The patient with plaster cast may develop cast syndrome due to obstruction of superior mesenteric artery and it can be prevented if symptoms are recognized quickly and treatment instituted in a timely manner. Expected complications of plaster of Paris cast are impaired blood flow, nerve damage, tissue necrosis, infection, cast syndrome and also other complications may arise due to prolonged immobilization like hypostatic pneumonia, foot drop, renal calculi, stiffness of joints, constipation, pressure ulcer etc [3]. A study was conducted to assess the knowledge on fracture among 127 osteoporosis patients with recent fragility fracture at Hamilton Health Sciences hospital. The results showed that, majority of patients were unaware of important risk factors related to fracture. The study concluded that education initiatives are essential in improving knowledge among individuals in fracture clinics, acute care and rehabilitation settings, as these areas are an ideal place to communicate information [4]. Majority of musculoskeletal disorders are relatively long time in nature. The care and management of this condition needs a specialized orthopedic nursing practice5. After going through the related literature it was found that there were no studies either in India or abroad specifically related to management of orthopedic appliances. Hence the researcher felt with an objective to evaluate the effectiveness of structures health education programmed on management of orthopedic appliances among fracture patients. Abstract
Amino acid composition and antioxidant properties of African yam bean (Spenostylis stenocarpa) protein hydrolysates

African yam bean (Spenostylis stenocarpa) protein isolate was hydrolyzed with pancreatin (was purchased from sigma chemicals, St Loius Missouri, USA) to obtain an hydrolysate that has (42% degree of hydrolysis), which was characterized for its amino acid composition and ability to scavenge free radicals. The African yam bean protein isolate and hydrolysate samples were dried to constant weight, defatted, hydrolysed, evaporated in a rotary evaporator and loaded into Technicon Sequential Multi-sample Amino Acid Analyzer. And the major amino acids were found to be glutamate (16.66g and 9.23g), aspartate (11.23g/7.26g), and arginine (6.82g/3.28g) while the contents of sulphur-containing amino acids (methionine and cysteine) were very low (1.33g/0.83g and 1.32g/0.51g). The high degree of hydrolysis helps in breaking down the proteins into lower molecular peptides (albumins) which gives an excellent antioxidant properties with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH).
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LIQUISOLID COMPACTS OF DABIGATRAN ETEXILATE MESYLATE

: The term ‘liquisolid systems’ (LS) is a powdered form of liquid drug formulated by converting liquid or solid lipophilic drug in suitable non-volatile solvent systems into dry looking, non-adherent, free-flowing, and readily compressible powdered mixtures by blending with selected carrier and coating materials. The aim of the present study is to improve the solubility of poorly water soluble drug, dabigatran etexilate mesylate a BCS class II drug. Dabigatran Etexilate Mesylate is an inactive pro-drug that is converted to dabigatran, the active form used as an anti-coagulant. Various non-volatile solvents (PEG 600, PEG 400, Castor oil, Span 80, Tween 80, Glycerine, Transcutol, Olive oil, Liquid Paraffin) were used and maximum solubility was observed in combination of span80 and castor oil (400.96ug/ml). Selection of carrier materials like Maize starch, MCC, Avicel pH 101 and 102 and Prosolv SMCC 50 with a loading factor of 0.72, 0.75, 0.77, 0.87 and 1.75 respectively were optimized. To this admixture, coating material Aerosil 200 in different ratios (R=5, 10, 15, 20, 25) was added to enhance the flow property. Finally the powdered material is compressed to tablets by direct compression using 11.9mm. The tablets were evaluated for physicochemical properties, and dissolution studies. Among all formulations, dabigatran etexilate mesylate liquisolid compacts containing Prosolv SMCC 50 (LSP) showed higher dissolution rate (99.8% in 30 min) than the pure drug (11.15% in 45 min). FTIR studies and DSC studies revealed that there is no significant interaction between the drug and excipients. The XRD analysis confirmed formation of a solid solution inside the compact matrix. Formulations were stable. From this study it can be concluded that the liquisolid technique is a promising alternative for improvement of dissolution property of water-insoluble drugs. Hence Span80+Castor oil (non-volatile solvent) and Prosolv SMCC 50 were optimized in enhancing the dissolution rate of dabigatran etexilate mesylate. mesylate