Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the Utilization of West Lampung Traditional Cultural Expression in the Legal System Perspective of Intellectual Property

The embodiment of West Lampung Traditional Cultural Expressions has not been optimal both in terms of intellectual property protection and in terms of its usefulness for the local community of West Lampung. In this article, we will discuss how intellectual property legal protection is implemented if it is implemented in the protection of traditional cultural expressions and how far has the West Lampung Regency Government tried to protect and utilize the potential of traditional cultural expressions. This article aims to identify a model of protection against traditional cultural expressions in West Lampung by using normative and empirical legal research methodologies. The results of the discussion show that the Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions is carried out based on Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright, Law Number 5 of 2017 concerning the Advancement of Culture, Law Number 11 of 2010 concerning Cultural Conservation and Government Regulation Number 6 of 2017. 2015 concerning Museums, and Regulation of the Minister of Culture Number 106 concerning Indonesian Intangible Cultural Heritage in addition to the autonomy of the Regional Government of West Lampung Regency has also made efforts to preserve istiadar custom through the Regional Regulation of West Lampung Regency Number 14 of 2000 concerning the Guidance, Preservation, and Development of Indigenous Peoples. and Customary Institutions. The West Lampung Regency Government also seeks to protect and preserve traditional cultural expressions by participating in activities such as traditional festivals organized by the Lampung Provincial Government so that the existence of traditional cultural expressions in West Lampung Regency is known to the public. However, overall the protection of the majority of traditional cultural expressions has not been inventoried and utilized optimally, including the traditional cultural expressions of West Lampung. There should be immediate efforts to regulate the protection of traditional cultural expressions in a sui generis manner apart from the Copyright Law.
Singular electromagnetic fields and sources

1991 CONTENTS LIST OF SYMBOLS xi 1 DELTA FUNCTIONS AND DISTRIBUTIONS 1 1.1 The 6-function 1 1.2 Test functions and distributions 3 1.3 Simple examples 4 1.4 Three-dimensional delta-functions 6 1.5 Delta-functions on lines and surfaces 7 1.6 Multiplication of distributions 10 1.7 Change of variables 10 1.8 The derivative of a distribution 12 1.9 Properties of the derivative 13 1.10 Partial derivatives of scalar functions 15 1.11 Derivatives of 5 (x) 17 1.12 Partial derivatives of 5-functions 19 1.13 Piecewise continuous scalar functions 21 1.14 Vector operators 22 1.15 Piecewise continuous vector functions 24 References 26 2 CONCENTRATED SOURCES 28 2.1 Scalar sources 28 2.2 Application to the electrostatic potential 30 2.3 Multipole expansion of an integral: the first term 32 2.4 Multipole expansion of an integral: the second term 33 2.5 Multipole expansion of an integral: the third term 34 2.6 Application to the magnetostatic vector potential 35 2.7 Radiation fields 37 2.8 Hierarchy of terms in the multipole expansion 38 2.9 Multipole expansion of the current 40 2.10 More examples of concentrated sources 41 2.11 Application to waveguides 44 2.12 Equivalence of electric and magnetic currents 46 2.13 The curl of a surface field 49 2.14 The equivalence of electric and magnetic surface sources 52 2.15 Boundary conditions 53 2.16 Multipole expansion for magnetic currents 55 2.17 Waveguide excitation by magnetic currents 56 References 58 3 GREEN'S DYADICS 59 3.1 Volume potential integrals 59 3.2 Single-layer potential 60 V11I CONTENTS 3.3 Double-layer potential 63 3.4 Extension to scalar radiation problems 65 3.5 Two-dimensional potential problems 66 3.6 First derivatives of the volume potential 68 3.7 First derivatives of the single-and double-layer potentials 69 3.8 First derivatives of the vector potential 71 3.9 Second derivatives of the volume potential 72 3.10 The L dyadic 74 3.11 Green's dyadic for the electric field: exterior points 76 3.12 Interpretation of the elements of G° 79 3.13 Green's dyadic for the electric field: interior points 80 3.14 The full electric Green's dyadic G e 82 3.15 More on the evaluation of the electric field 83 3.16 The source term for G e 85 3.17 The Green's dyadic as a limit 88 3.18 Fields in material media 89 3.19 Green's dyadic for the magnetic field 91 3.20 Helmholtz' theorem in unbounded space 93 3.21 Green's dyadic for a cavity 94 3.22 Helmholtz' theorem in a bounded volume 97 3.23 Helmholtz' theorem in …
Galactic chemical evolution: The role of the first stars

The massive First Stars (the first ones to contribute to the chemical enrichment of the Universe due to their short lifetimes) are long dead, and even though efforts to directly observe them in high redshift galaxies are underway, a step forward in this field will have to wait for JWST and ELT. The only way to currently validate the picture arising from the most modern hydro-dynamical simulations of the formation of First Stars is to search for their imprints left on the oldest stars in our Galaxy. Which imprints are we looking for? In the last years our group has found that many chemical anomalies observed in very metal-poor halo stars, as well in the oldest bulge globular cluster, suggest the first stellar generations to have been fast rotators. After giving a brief overview of the aforementioned results, we highlight the impact of fast rotating metal-poor massive stars on the chemical enrichment of heavy-elements such as Sr and Ba. Indeed, in fast rotating massive stars the s-process production is boosted. We will show, by means of an inhomogeneous chemical evolution model, based on stochastic approach to the star formation, that this fact offers a new twist in the interpretation of the abundance patterns and scatter observed in very metal-poor halo stars.
Streams and caustics: the fine-grained structure of LCDM haloes

We present the first and so far the only simulations to follow the fine-grained phase-space structure of galaxy haloes formed from generic A cold dark matter initial conditions. We integrate the geodesic deviation equation in tandem with the N-body equations of motion, demonstrating that this can produce numerically converged results for the properties of fine-grained phase-space streams and their associated caustics, even in the inner regions of haloes. Our effective resolution for such structures is many orders of magnitude better than achieved by conventional techniques on even the largest simulations. We apply these methods to the six Milky Way mass haloes of the Aquarius Project. At 8 kpc from the halo centre, a typical point intersects about 10 14 streams with a very broad range of individual densities; the ∼10 6 most-massive streams contribute about half of the local dark matter density. As a result, the velocity distribution of dark matter particles should be very smooth with the most-massive fine-grained stream contributing about 0.1 per cent of the total signal. Dark matter particles at this radius have typically passed 200 caustics since the big bang, with a 5-95 per cent range of 50-500. Such caustic counts are a measure of the total amount of dynamical mixing and are very robustly determined by our technique. The peak densities on present-day caustics in the inner halo almost all lie well below the mean local dark matter density. As a result caustics provide a negligible boost (<0.1 per cent) to the predicted local dark matter annihilation rate. The effective boost is larger in the outer halo but never exceeds about 10 per cent. Thus, fine-grained streams and their associated caustics have no effect on the detectability of the dark matter, either directly in Earth-bound laboratories or indirectly through annihilation radiation, with the exception that resonant cavity experiments searching for axions may see the most-massive local fine-grained streams because of their extreme localization in the energy-momentum space.
Quasicrystals in a partially devitrified Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5 bulk metallic glass

A quasicrystalline phase was discovered in a Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12. 5Ag5 bulk metallic glass annealed in the supercooled liquid range. Through systematical transmission electron microscopy rotation analyses, the selected area electron diffraction patterns are obtained corresponding to fivefold, threefold, and twofold rotational symmetry, demonstrating that the precipitated phase is an icosahedral quasicrystalline phase with good rotational symmetry. It is concluded that the addition of Ag in the Zr-based metallic glass promotes the formation of the quasicrystalline phase. The present experimental result implies that there is a natural relationship between the Zr-based bulk metallic glasses and icosahedral quasicrystalline.
Resonant Excitation of Quantum Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride

Quantum emitters in layered hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have recently attracted a great deal of attention as promising single photon sources. In this work, we demonstrate resonant excitation of a single defect center in hBN, one of the most important prerequisites for employment of optical sources in quantum information processing applications. We observe spectral line widths of an hBN emitter narrower than 1 GHz while the emitter experiences spectral diffusion. Temporal photoluminescence measurements reveal an average spectral diffusion time of around 100 ms. An on-resonance photon antibunching measurement is also realized. Our results shed light on the potential use of quantum emitters from hBN in nanophotonics and quantum information processing applications.
A Systematic Review of 5110 Cases of Monkeypox: What Has Changed Between 1970 and 2022?

The recent monkeypox (MPVX) outbreak has been characterized by an unprecedented increase in cases, unlike any other outbreaks in the past. The disease pattern and transmissibility are also different from previous outbreaks. This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether the current outbreak has significant contrasting features from the previous ones, necessitating changes in prevention and control guidelines. A thorough literature search related to MPVX infection was performed on the online databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using appropriate keywords "MPVX", "men who have sex with men (MSM)", "transmission", and "smallpox vaccination", for choosing relevant articles from the inception of MPVX in 1970 to August 31, 2022. We identified 5110 cases of MPVX, documented in 63 articles on MPVX. We discovered that the median age of MPVX infection has slowly increased since its inception, and currently, it is more common in adults. Compared to previous outbreaks, a significantly greater male preponderance is witnessed in the current outbreak. Only 238 (4.65%) out of the 5110 evaluated patients were vaccinated with the smallpox vaccine in our review. There were 107 mortalities, most of which were children below the age of 10 years. Out of the 1534 cases identified in 2022, 1134 (73.92%) patients admitted that they had been involved in sexual relations within the last 21 days (MSM/gay/bisexual). We found that in contrast to previous outbreaks, human-to-human transmission is more common in this outbreak, with most cases having no link with endemic countries. There are evolving traits and undetected transmission modes of MPVX infection that require new disease mitigation strategies.
Cultural Partner Program: Enhancing Intercultural Interactions and Transition Outcomes for International Graduate Level Students

International students, especially graduate-level students, experience unique challenges as they make a transition to a new social and cultural environment. This study examines the impacts of the Cultural Partner Program on transition outcomes for incoming graduate-level international students. Of the 171 participants recruited from a public research university in the southeast U.S., 39 participated in the control group and the rest in the experimental group. Although the regression analysis did not reveal significant results, supplemental standardized mean difference analyses was conducted considering the wide 95% confidence intervals and the relatively small sample size in the regression analysis. The standardized mean difference analyses revealed that in comparison with the control group, the experimental group performed better on specific transition outcomes (i.e., intercultural interaction enjoyment, self-esteem, stress, perceived social support, social and academic integration, and attitudes toward seeking professional help) but performed worse on other intercultural sensitivity subscales and cultural identity. Higher education professionals need to foster inclusive and creative environments for international students to enhance their transition experiences and outcomes.
Analysis of Green Self Identity and Environment Concern on Adopt Electric Vehicle Intention with Perception of EV Variables and Subjective Norm as Mediation Variables

The issue of environmental damage often arises in recent years, as a result of continuous and uncontrolled emission of harmful atmospheric pollutants. through various human activities. The consumption of fossil fuels by industry as well as the transportation system is considered to be the main reason, from which several studies have paid considerable attention to the pollution caused by vehicles. As indicated by the statistics of the International Energy Agency (IEA), a recent estimate of the number of one million vehicles used worldwide, with daily consumption of about 60 million barrels per day (nearly 70% of total oil production); nearly 36 million barrels of daily oil consumption is attributed to private vehicles, which cause the emission of 14 million tons of carbon dioxide. As a result, the replacement of conventional vehicles with renewable energy vehicles can be considered as a promising solution. In this regard, electric vehicles are expected to reduce negative effects on the environment and also help conserve scarce non-renewable fuel reserves throughout the life cycle. Electric Vehicles are considered an effective alternative to sustaining transportation through the reduction of oil dependence and subsequent air pollution, leading to significant health and environmental benefits. The purpose of this study is to analyze consumer behavior towards the intention to adopt an electric vehicle by involving the variables of Green Self Identity, Environment Concern, Perception of Electric Vehicle, and Subjective Norms. With 250 respondents spread across Indonesia and using the SmartPLS software, the results of a partial analysis of Green Self Identity proved to have an effect on Environment Concern. Meanwhile, Environment Concern was proven to affect Perception of EV and Subjective Norms, but did not affect Adoption Intention. For the indirect effect analysis, Perception of EV and Subjective Norms variables proved to be mediating variables between Environment Concern and Adoption Intention.
Evidence for J- and H-Band Excess in Classical T Tauri Stars and the Implications for Disk Structure and Estimated Ages

We argue that classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs) possess significant nonphotospheric excess in the J and H bands (1.25 and 1.66 μm, respectively). We first show that normalizing the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of CTTSs to the J band leads to a poor fit of the optical fluxes (which are systematically overestimated), while normalizing the SEDs to the IC band (0.8 μm) produces a better fit to the optical bands and in many cases reveals the presence of a considerable excess at J and H. Near-infrared spectroscopic veiling measurements from the literature support this result. We find that J- and H-band excesses correlate well with the K-band (2.2 μm) excess and that the J - K and H - K colors of the excess emission are consistent with that of a blackbody at the dust sublimation temperature (~1500-2000 K). We propose that this near-IR excess originates at a hot inner rim, analogous to those suggested to explain the "near-IR bump" in the SEDs of Herbig Ae/Be stars. To test our hypothesis, we use the model presented by Dullemond and coworkers to fit the photometry data between 0.5 and 24 μm of 10 CTTSs associated with the Chamaeleon II molecular cloud. We find that simple models that include luminosities calculated from IC-band magnitudes and an inner rim may account for the reported J- and H-band excesses. The models that best fit the data are those in which the inner radius of the disk is larger than expected for a rim in thermal equilibrium with the photospheric radiation field alone. In particular, we find that large inner rims are necessary to account for the mid-infrared fluxes (3.6-8.0 μm) obtained by the Spitzer Space Telescope (Spitzer). The large radius could be explained if, as proposed by D'Alessio and colleagues, the UV radiation from the accretion shock significantly affects the sizes of the inner holes in disks around CTTSs. Finally, we argue that deriving the stellar luminosities of CTTSs by making bolometric corrections to the J-band fluxes, which is the "standard" procedure for obtaining CTTS luminosities, systematically overestimates these luminosities. The overestimated luminosities translate into underestimated ages when the stars are placed in the H-R diagram. Thus, the results presented herein have important implications for the dissipation timescale of inner accretion disks.
Distinct doping dependences of the pseudogap and superconducting gap of La 2 − x Sr x Cu O 4 cuprate superconductors

We have performed a temperature-dependent angle-integrated photoemission study of lightly-doped to heavily-overdoped La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_4$ and oxygen-doped La$_2$CuO$_{4.10}$. We found that both the magnitude $\Delta$* of the (small) pseudogap and the temperature \textit{T}* at which the pseudogap is opened increases with decreasing hole concentration, consistent with previous studies. On the other hand, the superconducting gap $\Delta_{sc}$ was found to remain small for decreasing hole concentration. The results can be explained if the superconducting gap opens only on the Fermi arc around the nodal (0,0)-($\pi,\pi$) direction while the pseudogap opens around $\sim$($\pi$, 0).
Understanding `galaxy groups' as a unique structure in the universe

`Galaxy groups' have hardly been realised as a separate class of objects with specific characteristics in the structural hierarchy. The presumption that the self-similarity of dark matter structures is a valid prescription for the baryonic universe at all scales has rendered smaller structures undetectable by current observational facilities, leading to lesser dedicated studies on them. Some recent reports that indicate a deviation from $\rm{L_x}$-T scaling in groups compared to clusters have motivated us to study their physical properties in depth. In this article, we report the extensive study on physical properties of groups in comparison to the clusters through cosmological hydrodynamic plus N-body simulations using ENZO 2.2 code. As additional physics, radiative cooling, heating due to supernova and star motions, star formation and stellar feedback has been implemented. We have produced a mock sample of 362 objects with mass ranging from $5\times10^{12}\; \rm{M_{\odot}}$ to 2.5$\times 10^{15}\; \rm{M_{\odot}}$. Strikingly, we have found that objects with mass below $\sim$ $8\times 10^{13}\;\rm{M_{\odot}}$ do not follow any of the cluster self-similar laws in hydrostatics, not even in thermal and non-thermal energies. Two distinct scaling laws are observed to be followed with breaks at $\sim$ $8\times 10^{13}\;\rm{M_{\odot}}$ for mass, $\sim$1 keV for temperature and $\sim$1 Mpc for radius. This places groups as a distinct entity in the hierarchical structures, well demarcated from clusters. This study reveals that groups are mostly far away from virialization, suggesting the need for formulating new models for deciphering their physical parameters. They are also shown to have high turbulence and more non-thermal energy stored, indicating better visibility in the non-thermal regime.
Discovery of a Time Lag between the Soft X-Ray and Radio Emission of the Tidal Disruption Flare ASASSN-14li: Evidence for Linear Disk–Jet Coupling

The tidal disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole can result in transient radio emission. The electrons producing these synchrotron radio flares could either be accelerated inside a relativistic jet or externally by shocks resulting from an outflow interacting with the circumnuclear medium. Until now, evidence for the internal emission mechanism has been lacking; nearly all tidal disruption flare studies have adopted the external shock model to explain the observed properties of radio flares. Here we report a result that presents a challenge to external emission models: we discovered a cross-correlation between the soft X-ray (0.3–1 keV) and 16 GHz radio flux of the tidal disruption flare ASASSN-14li. Variability features in the X-ray light curve appear again in the radio light curve, but after a time lag of days. This demonstrates that the soft X-ray-emitting accretion disk regulates the radio emission. This coupling appears to be inconsistent with all previous external emission models for this source but is naturally explained if the radio emission originates from a freely expanding jet. We show that emission internal to an adiabatically expanding jet can also reproduce the observed evolution of the radio spectral energy distribution. Furthermore, both the correlation between X-ray and radio luminosity as well as our radio spectral modeling imply an approximately linear coupling between the accretion rate and jet power.
Kinetic energy spectra and flux in turbulent phase-separating symmetric binary-fluid mixtures

We conduct direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes (CHNS) equations to investigate the statistical properties of a turbulent phase-separating symmetric binary-fluid mixture. Turbulence causes an arrest of the phase separation which leads to the formation of a statistically steady emulsion. We characterise turbulent velocity fluctuations in an emulsion for different values of the Reynolds number and the Weber number. Our scale-by-scale kinetic energy budget analysis shows that the interfacial terms in the CHNS equations provide an alternative route for the kinetic energy transfer. By studying the probability distribution function (p.d.f.) of the energy dissipation rate, the vorticity magnitude and the joint-p.d. f. of the velocity-gradient invariants we show that the statistics of the turbulent fluctuations do not change with the Weber number.
Solution of Macromodels with Hansen-Sargent Robust Policies: Some Extensions

We summarize some methods useful in formulating and solving Hansen-Sargent robust control problems, and suggest extensions to discretion and simple rules. Matlab, Octave, and Gauss software is provided. We illustrate these extensions with applications to the term structure of interest rates, the time inconsistency of optimal monetary policy, the effects of expectations on the variances of inflation and output, and on whether central banks should make their forecasts public.
Kalman Filter for Maximum Likelihood Estimation of GMRFs

The paper is concerned with maximum likelihood - ML - parameter estimation for Gauss-Markov Random Fields - GMRFs. The ML estimator is straightforward under the unrealistic toroidal boundary conditions but difficult for Dirichlet and other boundary conditions for which, in general, the likelihood is evaluated at the cost of $O(n^3)$ steps for a lattice of $n$ sites. In this paper, by exploiting the recursive structure of the GMRF, we show that using the Kalman filter recursions the ML estimator can be obtained at the cost of $O(n^2)$ steps.