Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Method for Estimating Irrigated Crop-Evapotranspiration Coefficients from Remotely Sensed Data in Idaho

Hydrologic modeling and agricultural water consumption analyses typically require some estimation of expected evapotranspiration (ET) from any given land cover or crop type. The main parameter used to make such estimations is the “crop coefficient” ( Kc ) , also known as “reference ET fraction” (ETrF). An efficient remote-sensing methodology to obtain ETrF is mapping evapotranspiration at high resolution and with internalized calibration (METRIC), which requires thermal data, as obtained from the Landsat satellite. Unfortunately, the possibility of future Landsat satellites containing thermal sensors is uncertain, and other satellites’ data have access or spatial resolution concerns. Even when thermal-band data are available, energy-balance approaches can be costly. In this paper we continue ongoing efforts by the University of Idaho and others to estimate the evapotranspiration parameter Kc (or Kcb ) using the more readily available normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) satellite-derived data pro.
Mothers’ Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Depression: Associations with Children’s Behavioral Functioning

Despite robust bodies of literature documenting that both mothers’ intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and mothers’ mental health are consequential for children’s behavioral functioning, the conjunction of these two risk factors is less understood. Findings are mixed as to whether mental health mediates the effect of IPV on behavioral functioning. Such mixed findings may result from literature primarily examining samples selected from clinical, shelter, or intervention settings. Furthermore, few studies have expanded the literature to assess moderation, rather than mediation, effects. While mediation analysis tests whether behavioral problems result from mothers’ IPV because IPV increases depression, moderation analysis instead tests whether mother’s IPV victimization has a different impact for their children based on whether or not the mother is also experiencing depression. The current study uses a representative survey of neighborhoods and households in Los Angeles County, the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (n = 1,913), to examine the combined effects of mothers’ IPV victimization and depression on children’s internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. The findings suggest that mothers’ IPV victimization and depression have direct, positive effects on both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Additionally, there is a moderation effect such that children of mothers who suffer from both IPV victimization and depression have higher levels of internalizing behavior problems. These results emphasize the importance of addressing the mental health of IPV victims, not only for the benefit of the direct victim, but also for the benefit of her children.
Obstetric Complications in Women With Congenital Uterine Anomalies According to the 2013 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy Classification

Congenital uterine anomalies, which include septate, bicorporeal, and hemi-uterus classifications, are associated with obstetric complications such as preterm birth, fetal malpresentation, cesarean birth, and placental abruption. OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk for obstetric complications in women with congenital uterine anomalies and the risk in each main class of uterine anomaly (U2 [septate], U3 [bicorporeal], U4 [hemi-uterus]), based on the 2013 classification by the ESHRE (European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology) and the ESGE (European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy). DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception until January 2021. The reference list of all included articles and previous systematic reviews were also screened to identify potential additional articles. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: Comparative and noncomparative studies that investigated the obstetric outcomes of women with any type of known congenital uterine anomaly were considered eligible for inclusion. Screening and eligibility assessment was performed independently by two reviewers. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Forty-seven studies were included. The quality of included comparative studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Odds ratios (ORs), pooled proportions of each obstetric outcome, and 95% CIs were calculated in RevMan and Stata accordingly, using random effects models. Congenital uterine anomalies were associated with increased risk of preterm birth (OR 3.89, 95% CI 3.11–4.88); cervical insufficiency (OR 15.13, 95% CI 11.74–19.50); prelabor rupture of membranes (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.38–4.48); fetal malpresentation (OR 11.11, 95% CI 5.74–21.49); fetal growth restriction (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.88–7.46); placental abruption (OR 5.21, 95% CI 3.34–8.13); placenta previa (OR 4.00, 95% CI 1.87–8.56); placental retention (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.16–2.52); and cesarean birth (OR 4.52, 95% CI 2.19–9.31); when compared with those without anomalies. Pooled estimated risks were 25% for preterm birth, 40% for fetal malpresentation, 64% for cesarean birth, 12% for prelabor rupture of membranes, 15% for fetal growth restriction, 4% for placental abruption, 5% for preeclampsia, 13% for cervical insufficiency, and 2% for placenta previa. Classes U2 (septate), U3 (bicorporeal), and U4 (hemi-uterus) were also associated independently with preterm birth, fetal malpresentation, cesarean birth, and placental abruption. CONCLUSION: Congenital uterine anomalies are associated with obstetric complications across all examined ESHRE and ESGE classifications. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO, CRD42021244487.
Evaluation of sewage sludge production and utilization in Greece in the frame of integrated energy recovery

The objectives of this work were to provide an overview of municipal activated sludge units in Greece, to determine the sludge annual production rates and to examine potential for energy utilization of dewatered sludge. 37 wastewater treatment plants, serving a population equivalent of 1.6 million, located throughout Greece, were investigated during this study, in order to determine the sludge production rate after secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment processes. The average sludge production amount was estimated at 0.04 kg dry matter per capita per day, corresponding to an average wastewater production rate of 246 L per capita and day. Tertiary processes resulted to higher amounts of sludge production; nevertheless, such processes are often required aiming to the reclamation of secondary effluents with a high reuse and acceptability potential. Considering the disposal cost of produced sludge, energy utilization could be a promising alternative method for efficient sludge management. Utilization of the energy content of the sludge was examined by using three options, consisting in anaerobic digestion of dewatered sludge, incineration, and anaerobic digestion followed by residue incineration; it was found that excess energy production reached to high values in the case of combined anaerobic digestion and incineration, while single anaerobic digestion resulted to the lowest power production rates.
Developmental Patterning and Neurogenetic Gradients of Nurr1 Positive Neurons in the Rat Claustrum and Lateral Cortex

The claustrum is an enigmatic brain structure thought to be important for conscious sensations. Recent studies have focused on gene expression patterns, connectivity, and function of the claustrum, but relatively little is known about its development. Interestingly, claustrum-enriched genes, including the previously identified marker Nurr1, are not only expressed in the classical claustrum complex, but also embedded within lateral neocortical regions in rodents. Recent studies suggest that Nurr1 positive neurons in the lateral cortex share a highly conserved genetic expression pattern with claustrum neurons. Thus, we focus on the developmental progression and birth dating pattern of the claustrum and Nurr1 positive neurons in the lateral cortex. We comprehensively investigate the expression of Nurr1 at various stages of development in the rat and find that Nurr1 expression first appears as an elongated line along the anterior-posterior axis on embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) and then gradually differentiates into multiple sub-regions during prenatal development. Previous birth dating studies of the claustrum have led to conflicting results, therefore, we combine 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling with in situ hybridization for Nurr1 to study birth dating patterns. We find that most dorsal endopiriform (DEn) neurons are born on E13.5 to E14.5. Ventral claustrum (vCL) and dorsal claustrum (dCL) are mainly born on E14.5 to E15.5. Nurr1 positive cortical deep layer neurons (dLn) and superficial layer neurons (sLn) are mainly born on E14.5 to E15.5 and E15.5 to E17.5, respectively. Finally, we identify ventral to dorsal and posterior to anterior neurogenetic gradients within vCL and DEn. Thus, our findings suggest that claustrum and Nurr1 positive neurons in the lateral cortex are born sequentially over several days of embryonic development and contribute toward charting the complex developmental pattern of the claustrum in rodents.
Evaluation of steam and water injection effects on gas turbine operation using explicit analytical relations

Abstract The changes in performance of a gas turbine resulting from the injection of steam or water into the combustion chamber are evaluated using explicit analytic relations. From the values of performance parameters at an operating point without injection, the changes in fuel amount, power output, and efficiency are evaluated. The difference in behaviour of the case of water and steam injection are highlighted and explained. It is shown that the movement of the operating point on the compressor map, for single and twin shaft turbines, can also be predicted. Comparison with predictions of computer models show that the deviations are predicted accurately. Design data from a large number of commercial gas turbines are used to show the range of variation of parameter deviations and provide some general guidelines as to the size of expected parameter deviations for any gas turbine, when water or steam are injected between the compressor exit and the turbine inlet.
Assessing the representation of South American monsoon features in Brazil and U.K. climate model simulations

This paper assesses how well the CPTEC/INPE Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model (BAM-1.2) and the atmospheric component of the UK Met Office Hadley Centre Global Environment Model (HadGEM3-GC3.1) represent the main South American monsoon features. Climatological (1981–2010) ensemble means of Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP)-type climate simulations are evaluated. The assessment evaluated the models’ ability to represent the South America austral summer and winter precipitation contrast and associated circulation, key South American monsoon system elements, the association between south-east Brazil and South America precipitation, and climatological (1997/1998 to 2013/2014) distributions of rainy season onset and demise dates over south-east Brazil (15 ◦ S–25 ◦ S, 40 ◦ W–50 ◦ W) and the core monsoon region (10 ◦ S–20 ◦ S, 45 ◦ W–55 ◦ W). Despite some identified deficiencies, both models depict the monsoon region and represent the main features, including (1) the north-west–south-east precipitation band and associated ascending motion over central South America; (2) the upper-level Bolivian High and the north-east South America trough during the summer; (3) the lower-level South Atlantic and Pacific subtropical anti-cyclones and (4) the low-level jet east of the Andes. Both models represent upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence over the core monsoon region, and upper-level convergence and lower-level divergence over the Pacific and Atlantic anti-cyclones associated with the regional Walker circulation during the pre-monsoon (spring) and peak monsoon (summer) seasons. Convection over South America is weaker in BAM-1.2 than observed, consistent with continental precipitation deficit. The models reproduce the dipole-like precipitation pattern between south-east Brazil and south-eastern South America during the austral summer but overestimate these patterns spatial extent over the South Atlantic. Both models simulate the main observed climatological features of rainy season onset and demise dates for the two above defined investigated regions. HadGEM3 overestimates onset dates interannual variability. These results can contribute towards understanding climate and land-use change implications for environmental sustainability and for recommending climate adaptation strategies.
Size Distribution and Identification of Aerial Dust Particles in Swine Finishing Buildings

ABSTRACT THE sizes of aerial starch, grain meal and all particles present in swine finishing houses were described by the log normal distribution. Respirable fractions by mass and by number were 3.7 and 76.1%, respectively, as estimated from the particle size distribution. Most starch and grain meal particles identified were larger than 5 jum diameter. Fifty percent of all particles were less than 2.6 jLtm diameter. Higher total mass concentrations were not associated with similar increases in respirable mass concentrations. The aerial dust originated primarily from feed, based on particle identification using optical and electron scanning microscopy.
OCD, death anxiety, and attachment: what’s love got to do with it?

Abstract Background: Death anxiety has been empirically implicated in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Research has shown that secure attachments appear to protect against fear of death, and are also associated with reduced risk of mental illness. However, few studies have investigated the moderating effect of attachment style in the relationship between death anxiety and OCD. Aims: The present study sought to explore whether attachment style moderates the relationship between death anxiety and OCD symptoms among a treatment-seeking sample of individuals diagnosed with OCD. Method: Following a structured diagnostic interview, a number of measures were administered to 48 participants. These included the Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale, Vancouver Obsessive Compulsive Inventory, and Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised. Results: As expected, death anxiety was a strong predictor of OCD severity, and other markers of psychopathology. However, contrary to hypotheses, neither anxious nor avoidant attachment style moderated the association between fear of death and OCD severity. Conclusions: The current findings add further support to the role of death anxiety in OCD. Given the absence of a moderating effect of attachment between death fears and OCD severity, it is possible that this proposed buffer against death anxiety may potentially be insufficient in the presence of this disorder. Further research is needed to clarify whether attachment style may moderate the relationship between death anxiety and symptom severity in other disorders.
Efficiency of piezoelectric mechanical vibration energy harvesting

Harvesting efficiency of a piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting system is investigated to provide design guidelines for harvesting devices with optimal performance. Harvesting power efficiency (η), defined as the ratio of device output power (Pout) to mechanical input power (Pin), is an essential but unexplored metric for comparison of harvesters operating in different power-input environments. Power extracted from piezoelectric harvesters has been of primary interest and proper accounting of mechanical input power and efficiency metrics has not been considered. Here, we present a closed form solution for harvesting efficiency that allows device comparison and furthermore, efficiency-optimized versus power-optimized electrical loading conditions are compared along with a case study. A key finding is that optimal design parameters for efficiency are quite different than optima for output power (e.g., a single optimum versus dual optima at different frequencies), requiring multi-objective design. These new findings provide guidelines on system parameters that can be manipulated for optimized performance in different ambient source conditions.
Long-term application of fused magnesium phosphate and calcium silicate change soil chemical properties, C decomposition and N mineralization in a single rice paddy field of Northeastern Japan

ABSTRACT This study investigated the long-term (31 years) effects of mineral slag fertilizer (fused magnesium phosphate [FMgP] and calcium silicate [CaSi]) application on changes in the main soil chemical properties, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), available phosphorus (P), soil organic carbon (SOC), and total nitrogen (TN) contents in paddy soils. Soil samples were obtained from six fertilizer treatments [(1) Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium chemical fertilizer only (CF); (2) CF + mineral slag fertilizer (CF+); (3) CF + rice straw (RS); (4) CF + rice straw + mineral slag fertilizer (RS+); (5) CF + rice straw compost (CM); and (6) NPK + rice straw compost + mineral slag fertilizer (CM+)] at five depth soils (0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–20, and 20–25 cm). An anaerobic incubation experiment was performed at 30°C to determine carbon (C) decomposition and nitrogen (N) mineralization potentials at every 2-week interval (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks). The results indicated that compared to non-mineral slag additions, both EC and available P increased by 36.6–136.6% in mineral slag addition treatments. Still, only compost addition mostly influenced pH values; meanwhile, SOC and TN exhibited an increase (~23.8%) in compost addition treatments but a reduction (~12.7%) in rice straw treatments by applying mineral slag fertilizer. Mineral slag addition reduced the C decomposition potential but enhanced N mineralization potential observed by the first-order reaction kinetic models. Our study suggested that mineral slag fertilizers affected the soil organic matter and its mineralization potentials.
Performance-Driven Crosstalk Mitigation Based on Bus-Grouping Transmission

Crosstalk delay within a bus can significantly degrade the transmission performance. We propose Bus-Grouping Transmission (BGT) scheme guided by Transition Activity (TA) to mitigate the crosstalk delay effect. We present Difference Counters Cluster (DCC) synchronous mechanism to synchronize the data transmission and an combined shielding scheme by combining active-shielding scheme anddelayed-linebus scheme to minimize the area overhead. The proposed scheme is scalable with the variation of bus width. The effectiveness of BGT scheme is evaluated by focusing on the on-chip buses of a superscalar microprocessor simulator and using the SPEC CPU2000 benchmarks. The experimental results show that BGT scheme, compared with the original conservative approach, improves performance by 55 + % at the expense of 20 − % routing area overhead.
“You Should Rather Return to Your First Job.” The Self-efficacy Beliefs of Radio Personalities

ABSTRACT Radio presenting is a rewarding yet challenging undertaking for novice and experienced radio personalities. Self-efficacy, a key determinant of performance, is an under-researched psychological variable that may influence radio presenters’ performance in a highly competitive industry. This study explored the self-efficacy beliefs of radio personalities at a community radio station in central South Africa. Eleven semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted and analyzed by means of directive coding. The findings in this study unpack the factors that impact positively and negatively on self-efficacy beliefs and may help navigate station management toward rendering the necessary support in empowering and retaining these employees.
Research of social expectations of university students in the dimensions of psychological well-being

The aim of the article is to argue theoretically and empirically study the relationship between social expectations and psychological well-being of university students. Methodological starting points of empirical research are outlined. Valid and reliable test methods are used to study the psychological content parameters of social expectations and psychological well-being. The results determined that the psychological features of social expectations and psychological well-being of student's youth are theoretically substantiated. It was found that the respondents have an average level of parameters of psychological well-being and social expectations, which indicates moderate life satisfaction and the presence of adequate orientation in the socio-psychological reality. The most formed components of psychological well-being are the balance of affect and meaningfulness, which indicates the awareness of their own lives by student’s youth. It is recorded that the respondents have the least formed - self-acceptance, positive attitude and autonomy.
A study of dengue encephalitis with laboratory and clinical parameters in Tertiary Center of North India

Introduction: With expanding clinical spectrum of dengue fever, encephalitis has been documented with increasing frequency. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, predictors and prognostic factors of dengue encephalitis (DE) in the setting of dengue viruses (DENV) infection. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based prospective cohort study was carried out, which included laboratory confirmed dengue positive cases. All dengue cases were categorized into nonencephalitis or encephalitis group. We estimated DE incidence and analyzed clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging data on admission, discharge and follow-up for 3 months to assess its predictors and prognostic factors. Results: Out of the enrolled 540 confirmed dengue cases, 27 patients had DE, representing 5% incidence. Two third of the DE patients were 20 years of age or younger, with male preponderance (81.5%). Fever, headache, and altered sensorium were present in >90% on admission. Significant predictors of encephalitis were mean body temperature during fever (P < 0.001), headache (P = 0.015), secondary dengue (P = 0.005), dengue hemorrhagic fever (P < 0.001), elevated hematocrit (P < 0.001), liver function test derangement (P < 0.05), and low platelet count (P = 0.006). Poor outcome factors for DE patients were prolonged duration of fever (P < 0.001), seizure (P = 0.002), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) DENV positivity (P = 0.049). One third patients died and the remainder of them recovered. An increasingly higher incidence rate with high mortality of DE is reported. Conclusion: Clinical and laboratory parameter along with DENV positivity in CSF can predict and prognosticate dengue encephalitis.