Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Collateral Rule: Empirical evidence from the CDS Markets

We study the empirical determinants of collateral requirements in the cleared credit default swap (CDS) market: how margins depend on portfolio risks and market conditions, and what the implications are for theoretical models of collateral equilibrium. We construct a novel data set containing CDS portfolios and margins posted by all participants to the main CDS clearinghouse, ICE Clear Credit, covering 60% of the U.S. market. We provide direct empirical evidence that margins are much more conservatively set than what a Value-at-Risk (VaR) rule would imply, and are unequally implemented across participants. We show that more extreme tail risk measures have a higher explanatory power for observed collateral requirements than VaR, consistent with endogenous collateral theories such as Fostel and Geanakoplos (2015) where extreme events dominate in determining collateral. The dependence of collateral requirements on extreme tail risks induces potential nonlinearities in margin spirals, dampening small shocks and amplifying large ones. We also confirm empirically and quantify the main channel through which collateral-feedback effects operate in many theoretical models of equilibrium with financial frictions, such as Brunnermeier and Pedersen (2009), highlighting the prominent role of aggregate volatility and funding costs.
Meta-Analysis and Common Practice Elements of Universal Approaches to Improving Student-Teacher Relationships

Past research has shown student-teacher relationships (STRs) are associated with student outcomes, including improvements in academic achievement and engagement and reductions in disruptive behaviors, suspension, and risk of dropping out. Schools can support STRs universally and systematically by implementing universal, school-wide, and class-wide programs and practices that aim to facilitate high-quality STRs. This study applied meta-analytic and common element procedures to determine effect sizes and specific practices of universal approaches to improving STRs. The universal programs with the largest effects were Establish-Maintain-Restore and BRIDGE. Other programs demonstrated moderate effects in one study, with combined effect sizes revealing smaller effects. The common elements procedure identified 44 practices teachers can implement to promote positive STRs, with 14 proactive and direct practices. Programs with the largest effects, in general, contained the most proactive and direct practices for improving STRs. Implications of these findings and future research recommendations are discussed.
Predicting temperature mortality and selection in natural Drosophila populations

Accounting for heat burdens As climate warming becomes more and more apparent and influential, there is an increasing desire to predict its long-term impacts on species. Classically, this has been done by extrapolating lethal limits based on those observed in the laboratory. In the real world, however, organisms do not experience a single high temperature that then returns to a comfortable temperature, but rather a series of high temperatures during the hot season. Rezende et al. accounted for these accumulative effects in a dynamic model that accurately predicted empirical patterns in wild fruit fly populations, showing that cumulative effects of warming temperatures can be included in future estimates (see the Perspective by Huey and Kearney). Science, this issue p. 1242; see also p. 1163 Accounting for cumulative effects of warming improves mortality predictions in wild fruit flies. Average and extreme temperatures will increase in the near future, but how such shifts will affect mortality in natural populations is still unclear. We used a dynamic model to predict mortality under variable temperatures on the basis of heat tolerance laboratory measurements. Theoretical lethal temperatures for 11 Drosophila species under different warming conditions were virtually indistinguishable from empirical results. For Drosophila in the field, daily mortality predicted from ambient temperature records accumulate over weeks or months, consistent with observed seasonal fluctuations and population collapse in nature. Our model quantifies temperature-induced mortality in nature, which is crucial to study the effects of global warming on natural populations, and analyses highlight that critical temperatures are unreliable predictors of mortality.
A Recent Survey of Bats with Descriptions of Echolocation Calls and New Records from the Western Himalayan Region of Uttarakhand, India

The Himalayan region is a global biodiversity hotspot that faces severe pressures from a growing human population, rapid urbanization and climate change. While taxa like birds, plants and butterflies have been effectively surveyed along vast elevational gradients, there is immense paucity in such data for nocturnal and secretive animals like bats. We surveyed 22 sites in Uttarakhand in the western Himalayas spread across 600 m to 3,000 m a.s. l. A total of 35 species from 15 genera and five families were observed. We report the echolocation calls for 32 species, of which nine species have been recorded for the first time in the world. Additionally, we sequenced the cytochrome oxidase-I (COI) gene from 26 individuals belonging to 13 species. Eight species: Tadarida teniotis, Murina leucogaster, Murina aurata, Murina cyclotis, Myotis cf. frater, Myotis cf. annectans, Mirostrellus joffrei, Arielulus circumdatus and Eptesicus tatei are new records for the western Himalayan region. Myotis cf. frater is a new record for the entire Indian Subcontinent. In addition, we present an updated checklist of 49 species of bats for Uttarakhand state by reviewing previous literature. Our study will serve as a crucial baseline for future research by researchers and forest management authorities as the echolocation calls will be used to collect more occurrence data to elucidate the patterns of species richness across elevational gradients and to initiate the monitoring of bat populations.
Mines and Bats: the Impact of Open-Pit Mining on Bat Activity

Areas used in open-pit mining often undergo sudden and extensive landscape changes, including habitat fragmentation. With mining activity predicted to expand, understanding the impacts of this habitat loss on wildlife is key to developing effective mitigation at new mine developments. Despite this, research into the impacts of open-pit mines in general, and on bat populations in particular, is largely lacking. Here, we investigated potential impacts of a recently re-established open-pit mine in southwest Britain on bat activity in the surrounding landscape, using remote monitoring techniques. Distance from the mine site boundary was found to be an important predictor of bat species richness and activity levels, with the effect on richness extending to approximately 900 m from the site and the effect on activity potentially extending beyond the sampling range (1,200 m). The effect of distance from the site boundary on species richness also varied with the proportion of woodland cover. It appears that habitat loss within the mine site boundary may have reduced bat movement because of barrier effects. The study highlights the need for further research into the impacts of mines on bats.
Are distributed ledger technologies ready for intelligent transportation systems?

The aim of this paper is to understand whether Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) are ready to support complex services, such as those related to Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In smart transportation services, a huge amount of sensed data is generated by a multitude of vehicles. While DLTs provide very interesting features, such as immutability, traceability and verifiability of data, some doubts on the scalability and responsiveness of these technologies appear to be well-founded. We propose an architecture for ITS that resorts to DLT features. Moreover, we provide experimental results of a real test-bed over IOTA, a promising DLT for IoT. Results clearly show that, while the viability of the proposal cannot be rejected, further work is needed on the responsiveness of DLT infrastructures.
Helminth Fauna of Tadarida brasiliensis (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: A Comparative Approach

Chiroptera is the second largest order of mammals in terms of species richness, yet little data are available on the helminth fauna infecting bats. The goal of this paper was therefore to describe the helminth fauna of a common bat species from the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. We collected 63 individuals of the bat Tadarida brasiliensis in the municipality of Montenegro in March 2015 (33 males and 30 females; 41 adults and 22 juveniles). We identified 451 endoparasites belonging to eight species (i.e. Urotrema scabridum, Limatulum oklahomense, Postorchigenes paraguayensis, Parabascus limatulus, Ochoterenatrema sp., Vampirolepis decipiens, Tadaridanema delicatus, as well as one unidentified species representing the superfamily Microphalloidea). Based on their importance value, we classified two helminth species as ‘dominant’, four as ‘co-dominant’ and two as ‘subordinate'. Vampirolepis decipiens had both the highest prevalence (of 55.5%) and greatest abundance (3.52 parasites/host). We report for the first time P. limatulus in T. brasiliensis in Rio Grande do Sul. This study provides important base-line data to elucidate helminth infestations in T. brasiliensis in Brazil.
Are the Non-poor Households Nutritionally Secure? An Assessment from NSSO Unit Level Data in India Between 2004–2005 and 2011–2012

This article analyses the status of nutrition in relation to the status of poverty among the socio-economic groups in both rural as well as in urban India. It also examines the role of public distribution system (PDS) along with other socio-economic factors in the reduction of nutrition insecurity of poor as well as non-poor households on the basis of National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) unit level data of Consumer Expenditure Survey of the latest rounds. It was found that the incidence of poverty as well as nutrition insecurity has declined significantly in the country during the years 2004–2005 and 2011–2012. However, as much as 24.4 per cent non-poor households in 2011–2012 remained nutritionally insecure. They were higher among the non-poor upper caste households and in the urban areas. The latter spent more on food items, evident in the growth rate of monthly per capita food consumption expenditure (MPFCE). But higher nutrition insecurity because of lower value of calorie accompanied diversification of consumption pattern among these households in favour of protein and fat items. Notwithstanding this trend, level of education, food consumption expenditure, PDS benefits and cultivable land have favourable impact on the nutritional status of non-poor households.
Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy: An Overview of Hot Issues

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy are attracting increased attention from urologists. They can achieve the same effect of oncology control as radical nephrectomy; moreover, they can offer better preservation of renal function, thus obtaining long-term living benefits. The indications are also expanding, making it possible for larger and more difficult tumors. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy can be performed by transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches, with their individual advantages and limitations. In addition, the renal tumor scoring systems have been widely used and studied in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy. In order to better preserve renal function, the zero-ischemia technique is widely used. The application of intraoperative imaging technology provides convenience and greater benefits. Besides, whether minimal invasive partial nephrectomy can be performed without stop antiplatelet treatment is still disputed. Clinicians perform substantial exploration and practice to achieve the “trifecta” of surgery: complete resection of the tumor, maximum protection of renal function, and no complications.
The moderating role of trust and the theory of reasoned action

This paper aims to examine the role of trust in colleagues and its relationships with the factors of the theory of reasoned action (TRA). Specifically, this study examines the relationships among perceived social pressure about knowledge sharing, attitude toward knowledge sharing, behavioural intent to share knowledge, trust in colleagues and knowledge-sharing behaviour. ,The methodology adopted was a questionnaire survey of employees working in 34 member institutions of the Singapore Association for Private Education (SAPE). These institutions form the entire member list of the SAPE as of 2020. A total of 297 employees completed a self-administered and anonymous survey using a cross-sectional design. Multiple linear regression was used to test the conceptual framework. ,On the mediation effects, full mediation was found to affect attitude toward knowledge sharing on knowledge-sharing behaviour, and partial mediation was found to affect perceived social pressure on knowledge-sharing behaviour. On the moderation effects, trust in colleagues moderates both perceived social pressure and knowledge-sharing behaviour and attitude toward knowledge sharing and knowledge-sharing behaviour positively. Specifically, as the level of trust in colleagues increases, the impact of direct relationships also increases. ,Data for the current study were obtained at a single point in time and self-reported. The findings may be biased because of common method variance. Furthermore, this study was conducted in a specific industry in Singapore, i.e. the private education institutions, which limits the generalisability of the research. ,The results of this study indicate that managers need to encourage a higher level of trust between employees. Policies and processes could be enacted to promote building quality and trusting relationships between employees. ,This study contributes to knowledge-sharing behaviour by integrating the role of trust with the TRA. This study extends the conceptual model of the TRA by providing a new theoretical perspective that takes into account the position of trust in knowledge sharing.
In vitro ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 fatty acids in mixtures of Indigofera zollingeriana and Brachiaria decumbens

This research was aimed at studying the in vitro ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) of C18 fatty acids (FA) in mixtures of Indigofera zollingeriana and Brachiaria decumbens . Four combinations of experimental rations of I. zollingeriana : B. decumbens were tested i.e., IZ 1 (45%:45%), IZ 2 (60%:30%), IZ 3 (75%:15%), and IZ 4 (90%:0%). The remaining 10% in in each ration was rice bran. The experimental design was based on a completely randomized design with five replicates. Results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference (P 0.05). Composition of C18:0 after incubation showed a significant difference (P<0.01) with the lowest composition was observed in IZ 2 (22%). In conclusion, combination of I. zollingeriana and B. decumbens at different ratio has minor inhibition effect on BH of C18 UFA.
Intermingling and Seasonal Migrations of Greenland Halibut Stock Components in the Northwest Atlantic Based on Tagging Studies

A study was carried out to clarify the stock discreteness and migration routes of Greenland halibut in the Northwest Atlantic and to describe the seasonal movements of several fjord populations. From a total of 7244 Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, Walbaum) tagged in Greenland waters between 1986 and 1998, 517 recaptures were recorded in the Northwest Atlantic area. Among halibut released in the Davis Strait, Baffin Bay, and the fjords of southwestern and eastern Greenland, a substantial portion migrated distances up to 2500 kilometres, primarily to the Denmark Strait between Greenland and Iceland, but also from the fjords of western Greenland to the Newfoundland coast. These recaptures were mainly larger specimen, indicating a prespawning migration. Estimating the age of recaptures based on length provided evidence that some Greenland halibut inhabiting the Davis Strait and the fjords of southwestern and eastern Greenland originate in the spawning grounds west of Iceland. The prevalent high mobility of Greenland halibut from Baffin Bay and the Davis Strait in these areas suggests that extensive feeding and prespawning migrations occur for these offshore halibut populations. Greenland halibut in the fjords of northwestern Greenland appear to be resident and do not intermingle with other offshore or more southerly inshore populations. Some intermingling of populations was observed in the northwestern fjords and a seasonality in the recovery pattern indicates an aggregation of Greenland halibut in the inner part of fjords in the second half of the year, while the population was more dispersed during the first half of the year. The data suggests that such seasonal movement may be related to feeding behaviour.
A Potential Invasion-Promoting Role for Ezrin in Endometrial Carcinoma

Background: Ezrin is a cell membrane-cytoskeleton linker that is essential to maintain the normal cell shape and the integrity of cell-cell adhesion. Overexpression of ezrin is correlated with poor prognosis in several malignancies. Aim: To evaluate the expression of ezrin in hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrial tissues and to correlate its expression with the clinical and pathological parameters of endometrial carcinoma. Methods: Tissue sections of 66 specimens including 37 endometrial carcinoma, 16 atypical endometrial hyperplasia and 13 benign endometrial hyperplasia were evaluated for ezrin expression by immunohistochemistry. Results: Ezrin expression was detected in all endometrial carcinoma specimens and in 90% of hyperplasia. There was redistribution of ezrin from membranous expression in endometrial hyperplasia to diffuse cytoplasmic expression in endometrial carcinoma (p<0.0001). Expression of ezrin was significantly higher in atypical compared to benign hyperplasia (p<0.001) and it was relatively higher in endometrial carcinoma compared to atypical endometrial hyperplasia (p=0.086). Among the carcinoma specimens, expression of ezrin was significantly associated with invasion of myometrium (p=0.001), higher FIGO stage (p=0.008) and the presence of vascular tumor emboli (p=0.001). Muscleinvasive tumor cells expressed significantly higher levels of ezrin compared to non-invasive cells of the same tumor tissue (p<0.0001). Tumor size, tumor grade and villoglandular morphology did not correlate significantly with ezrin expression. Conclusion: Ezrin was overexpressed in endometrial carcinoma and its expression was associated with the invasive potential of tumor cells.
Experience of left atrial appendage occlusion with the WATCHMAN device in Chinese patients

Objective: Little is known about left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) with WATCHMAN device in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in China. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute procedural performance and complication rate of LAAO procedures and patient selection in China. Methods: A total of 658 consecutive Chinese patients who were referred to receive LAAO procedures with the WATCHMAN device between 2014 and 2017 were retrospectively included in the study. Patients were divided into four groups according to the year of procedures: Group 2014, Group 2015, Group 2016, and Group 2017. The procedural success, complication rates, and characteristics of Chinese patients, as well as the trends of patients’ selection and management, were analyzed. Results: The average age of the patients was 67.7±9.2 years, the CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.7±1.6, and the HAS-BLED score was 2.5±1.1. Both scores of patients in different years show obvious increasing trends (r=0.126, p=0.001 and r=0.145, p<0.001, respectively). Indications for LAAO included increased bleeding risk (45.6%), recent bleeding under oral anticoagulation (OAC) (9.0%), and non-compliance with OAC (51.4%). The implantation was successful in 643 (97.7%) patients, with a procedural complication rate of 0.6%. Approximately 80.1% of the patients received OAC after LAAO. Conclusion: In China, LAAO with WATCHMAN devices in patients with AF can be performed successfully with a low complication rate. Most of the target population had increased bleeding risk or non-compliance for OAC as indications and received OAC for antithrombotic therapy after the procedure.
Second-order consensus of multi-agent systems with mixed delays and uncertain parameters via adaptive pinning aperiodically intermittent control

This paper investigates the second-order consensus of multi-agent systems with mixed delays and uncertain parameters. On one hand, an adaptive pinning aperiodically intermittent control protocol is designed to make multi-agent systems reach the second-order consensus. Moreover, the intermittent control protocol can be designed to be aperiodic, which means each agent can only obtain the relative states’ information from its neighbours at a sequence of disconnected aperiodic time intervals. On the other hand, based on the assumption that delay is less than the width of communication time, some consensus criterions in the form of matrix inequalities are derived by using Halanay inequality, Jensen inequality and Schur complement. At last, a simulation example is given to illustrate the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Regulatory Impact Analysis Roles for Agricultural Products’ Qualities: Customers’ Perspectives for Sustainability Entrepreneurship

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the emerging agro- entrepreneurship empirical literature from the Malaysian regulatory impact analysis context. Therefore, this study explicitly provides an empirical analysis of the regulatory impact assessment based on consumers’ perceptions. In line with the purpose of the study, we applied a quantitative approach through a survey questionnaire for the aim of generating data from the central, south, and east coast Malaysian consumers’ opinions. Consequently, we found that the majority of the respondents had little knowledge of the impact of grading, packaging, and labelling (GPL). Furthermore, the study established that over two-thirds of the customers always check the label of the products they intend to purchase. The majority of the consumers were also concerned with the Halal label when purchasing products.