Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 50-Year-Old Man Presenting with Multiple Bone Lesions and a Diagnosis of Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor of the Femur

Patient: Male, 50-year-old Final Diagnosis: Primary phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, mixed connective tissue subtype Symptoms: Hip and knee pain • inability to ambulate Clinical Procedure: Resection of the tumor Specialty: Pathology Objective: Rare disease Background: Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is an extremely rare mesenchymal neoplasm that is commonly seen in bone and soft tissue. It is associated with a paraneoplastic syndrome, oncogenic osteomalacia, due to tumor-induced urinary phosphate wasting. It is demonstrated to be predominantly mediated by fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)/fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) axis. Clinically, PMT usually presents as a solitary lesion in the bone. The diagnosis of PMT is challenging due to its non-specific clinical manifestation, radiologic findings, and morphological features. Case Report: We report the case of a 50-year-old man presenting with multiple lytic bone lesions and associated pathologic fracture of the right femur, clinically suspicious for multiple myeloma or other metastatic malignant process. Resection from the right femur showed a hypercellular lesion composed of oval-to-spindled cells infiltrating the native trabecular bone with admixed multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and in situ hybridization (ISH) demonstrated the tumor cells were positive for SATB2, ERG, FGFR1, and FGF23 ISH. DNA and RNA next-generation sequencing showed marked increases in mRNA levels of FGF23 and FGFR1. The constellation of clinicoradiologic, histomorphologic, IHC, and molecular findings supported a diagnosis of primary benign PMT. Conclusions: This case report discusses a patient with PMT presenting with multifocal lesions due to tumor-induced osteomalacia at initial presentation. We hope that this report will increase the awareness of clinician and pathologists of PMT as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with multifocal lytic bone lesions. In turn, this will prevent misdiagnosis and overtreatment of a typically benign process.
Prosumer Community: A Risk Aversion Energy Sharing Model

Household photovoltaic (HPV) prosumers and the community photovoltaic (CPV) system have been growing rapidly with the development of the sustainable technology. The uncertainties of these distributed renewable energy resources bring a significant challenge to the design of power-market mechanism and the energy dispatch of the power system for promoting energy efficiency. It is essential to develop a novel efficient energy management strategy for addressing this challenge from the perspective of community prosumers. Accordingly, a risk aversion energy sharing model based on a devised local energy market is presented. A stochastic game is established to minimize prosumers’ energy costs and the weighted conditional value-at-risk of energy sharing loss of uncertain CPV through optimal energy sharing profiles. The household loads and HPV outputs are considered as stochastic parameters in the game model. Moreover, a sample weighted average approximation (SWAA) method is proposed for a better estimation of the stochastic game while the SWAA equilibrium is obtained by a relaxation method-based algorithm with theoretical proof. In addition, the blockchain technology is introduced as a distributed and secure way to facilitate the energy sharing model. The case studies show the efficiency of the proposed energy sharing model and the algorithm.
Cloud response and feedback processes in stratiform mixed‐phase clouds perturbed by ship exhaust

Stratiform mixed‐phase clouds (MPCs), which contain both supercooled liquid and ice, play a key role in the energy balance of the Arctic and are a major contributor to surface precipitation. As Arctic shipping is projected to increase with climate change, these clouds may frequently be exposed to local aerosol perturbations of up to 15,000 cm−3. Yet little consensus exists within the community regarding the key feedback mechanisms induced in MPCs perturbed by ship exhaust, or aerosol in general. Here we show that many known processes identified in the warm‐phase stratocumulus regime can be extrapolated to the MPC regime. However, their effect may be compensated, or even undermined, by the following two most relevant processes unique to the MPC regime: (i) increased cloud glaciation via immersion freezing due to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) induced cloud top radiative cooling and (ii) the continued cycling of ice nucleating particles (INPs) through the cloud and subcloud layer.
CHANGE IN EXTREME TEMPERATURE OVER SANJIANGYUAN REGION IN THE PERIOD FROM 1961 TO 2005

Based on daily minimum and maximum temperature data in 11 meteorological stations obtained in the period from 1961 to 2005 over Sanjiangyuan region,the spatial and temporal characteristics of climate extremes were studied.The main results are summarized as follows:The trends for the annual number of warm days(2.6 d/10 a)and warm nights(4.4 d/10 a)are on the rise,while decreasing trends are found in the number of cold days(4.1 d/10 a)and cold nights(8.5 d/10 a);The changing trends of annual minimum temperature(0.42℃/10 a)is higher than that of maximum temperature(0.29℃/10 a);The increasing number of warm days and warm nights mainly occurs in winter and summer,while the decreasing number of cold days and cold nights occurs in spring and fall,and the trend of cold nights decreases significantly;The change in extreme in the source regions of the Yangtze River is more sensitive to the climate warming compared with the other two source regions.
Enhancing Training Transfer: A Study of the Interrelationships among the Factors Associated with the Transfer of Training in Nepali Banking and Financial Institutions

Purpose - The study examines the relationships of job demand, job resources, work engagement, motivation to transfer, and opportunity to transfer as key training-related workplace factors with training transfer and interrelationships among them in Nepali banking and financial institutions (BFIs). Design/Methodology/Approach - This study applied a cross- sectional survey research design to collect responses from 250 bankers, consisting of a self-administered questionnaire. The respondents were selected using a purposive sampling method. Partial Least Square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to investigate the proposed model. Findings - The findings highlight that motivation to transfer and opportunity to transfer have a significant relationship with training transfer. Job resources, job demand, and work engagement have an insignificant relationship with training transfer. Additionally, no significant association between job demand with motivation to transfer and opportunity to transfer was found. However, job resources have a positive relationship with motivation to transfer, opportunity to transfer, and work engagement. Similarly, work engagement is positively related to opportunity to transfer but has an insignificant relationship with motivation to transfer. Originality/Value - The study presents the importance of training and effective training processes in the Nepali context, especially in BFIs. It reveals the essentiality of job characteristics and work engagement in the training process, which is crucial for organizational success. Implications - The results are useful for managers and policymakers to focus on the transfer process to have a better implementation of training transfer. It helps to create a better learning culture in the organization which would be beneficial for employee development and organizational performance.
Bioprospecting of Selected Species of Polypore Fungi from the Western Balkans

Growing mushrooms means meeting challenges while aiming for sustainability and circularity. Wherever the producer is located, commercial strains are the same originating from several producers. Customized strains adapted to local conditions are urgently needed. Before introducing new species to the strain development pipeline, the chemical characterization and biological activity of wild ones need to be assessed. Accordingly, the mycoceutical potential of five polypore mushroom species from Serbia was evaluated including: secondary metabolite composition, oxidative damage prevention, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The phenolic pattern was comparable in all samples, but the amounts of specific chemicals varied. Hydroxybenzoic acids were the primary components. All samples had varying quantities of ascorbic acid, carotene, and lycopene, and showed a pronounced inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPx) and ability to scavenge HO•. Extracts were more potent tyrosinase inhibitors but unsuccessful when faced with ACE. Fomitopsis pinicola had the strongest anti-tumor efficacy while Ganoderma lucidum demonstrated strong selectivity in anti-tumor effect in comparison to normal cells. The evaluated species provided a solid foundation for commercial development while keeping local ecology in mind.
The Range Potential of North American Tree Species in Europe

European forest ecosystems are projected to change severely under climate change especially due to an anticipated decline in the distribution of major tree species in Europe. Therefore, the adaptation of European forests appears necessary and urgent. While spontaneous adaptation mechanisms bear a large self-guided potential, we focus on quantifying the potential of management-guided mechanisms. Besides other possible tree species groups for adaptation, non-native tree species from North America have a long tradition in Europe, yet their full distribution potential is not completely revealed. We applied an ensemble species distribution model approach to six North American species, using combined occurrence data from the native and naturalized ranges to gain more insights into the species suitability in the introduced area in 2070 (2061–2080) under the emission scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5. Our findings support the assumption that there is unreported species potential in the introduced area beyond their current distribution. Next to northeastern range shifts projected for all species, we identified Abies grandis, Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus rubra, and Robinia pseudoacacia with increasing range potentials in the future. P. ponderosa and P. menziesii var. menziesii are projected to show a steady and decreased range potential under RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively.
Sociocultural valuation of ecosystem services in protected areas: A study applied to Southeast Spain

Research background: Protected areas (PAs) play a fundamental role in the maintenance of ecosystem processes and in the flow of ecosystem services (ESs) they provide. However, the management of PAs is complex due to the existence of different stakeholders with disparate and, often, opposed preferences and valuations. The sociocultural assessment of ESs contributes to optimizing the management of scarce resources based on the preferences of the different stakeholders, taking into account the economic, environmental and social dimensions of the analysed area. Purpose of the article: In this work, a sociocultural assessment of the ESs provided by a PA in southeast Spain is carried out. The objective is to identify which the various ESs provided by this PA are and to establish their degree of importance for all the stakeholders involved. Methods: For this, different complementary methodologies have been used in successive phases, both qualitative and quantitative. Specifically, a literature review, in-depth interviews and an assessment questionnaire were used. Findings & value added: Based on the results obtained, a series of measures are proposed to improve the sustainable management of the PA and the socioeconomic development of its environment. The results of this study may be useful for PAs whose management tries to find a balance between conservation measures and the design of models that contribute to the socioeconomic development of their area of influence.
Serum Brevican as a Biomarker of Cerebrovascular Disease in an Elderly Cognitively Impaired Cohort

In the brain, the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition shapes the neuronal microenvironment and can undergo substantial changes with cerebral pathology. Brevican is integral to the formation of the ECM’s neuroprotective perineuronal nets (PNNs). Decreased brevican levels were reported in vascular dementia (VaD) but not in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the status of brevican in clinical cohorts with high concomitance of AD pathological burden and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is unclear. In this study, 32 non-cognitively impaired (NCI), 97 cognitively impaired no dementia (CIND), 46 AD, and 23 VaD participants recruited from memory clinics based in Singapore underwent neuropsychological and neuroimaging assessments, together with measurements of serum brevican. Association analyses were performed between serum brevican and neuroimaging measures of CeVDs, including white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunes, cortical infarcts, and cerebral microbleeds. Using an aggregated score for CeVD burden, only CIND participants showed lower brevican levels with higher CeVD compared to those with lower CeVD burden (p = 0.006). Among the CeVD subtypes assessed, only elevated WMH burden was associated with lower brevican levels (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.3–5.5). Our findings suggest that brevican deficits may play a role in early cerebrovascular damage in participants at risk of developing dementia.
Parental perceptions of informed consent in a study of tracheal intubations in neonatal intensive care

Background and objective Obtaining informed consent in neonatal emergency research is challenging. The aim of this study was to assess parental perceptions of informed consent following participation in a clinical trial in neonatal emergency care. Methods This was a supplementary analysis of a randomised controlled trial comparing video and direct laryngoscopy for neonatal endotracheal intubation in the delivery room and neonatal intensive care unit. After obtaining informed consent for the clinical trial, parents were asked to answer a series of self-administered questions about their perceptions of clinical trial participation and the consent process. Informed consent had been given either before birth, after birth but before inclusion in the trial, or after inclusion in the trial. Results We received responses from 33 mothers and 27 fathers (n = 60) of the 63 preterm and term infants who participated in the study. Fifty-three (89.8%, n = 59) parents agreed that infants should participate in clinical trials, and 51 (85%, n = 60) parents agreed that parents should be asked for informed consent. Fifty-three (89.8%, n = 59) parents felt that their infant's participation in this particular trial would be beneficial. Fifty-two (86.7%, n = 60) parents felt that the informed consent process was satisfactory. One parent (100%, n = 1) approached before birth, 23 parents (82.1%, n = 28) approached after birth but before enrolment and 26 (83.9%, n = 31) parents approached after enrolment were satisfied with the timing of the consent process. Eight (13.3%, n = 60) parents felt some pressure to provide informed consent. Of these, two (25%) were approached before enrolment and six (75%) were approached after enrolment. Conclusion Parents valued their infant's participation in an emergency neonatal clinical trial and considered it important to be asked for consent. In this study, it seemed less important whether consent was obtained before or after the intervention. Future studies may need to investigate which form of consent is most acceptable to parents for the individual study in question.
Modeling longitudinal imaging biomarkers with parametric Bayesian multi‐task learning

Longitudinal imaging biomarkers are invaluable for understanding the course of neurodegeneration, promising the ability to track disease progression and to detect disease earlier than cross-sectional biomarkers. To properly realize their potential, biomarker trajectory models must be robust to both under-sampling and measurement errors and should be able to integrate multi-modal information to improve trajectory inference and prediction. Here we present a parametric Bayesian multi-task learning based approach to modeling univariate trajectories across subjects that addresses these criteria. Our approach learns multiple subjects’ trajectories within a single model that allows for different types of information sharing, i.e. coupling, across subjects. It optimizes a combination of uncoupled, fully coupled and kernel coupled models. Kernel-based coupling allows linking subjects’ trajectories based on one or more biomarker measures. We demonstrate this using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, where we model longitudinal trajectories of MRI-derived cortical volumes in neurodegeneration, with coupling based on APOE genotype, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and amyloid PET-based biomarkers. In addition to detecting established disease effects, we detect disease related changes within the insula that have not received much attention within the literature. Due to its sensitivity in detecting disease effects, its competitive predictive performance and its ability to learn the optimal parameter covariance from data rather than choosing a specific set of random and fixed effects a priori, we propose that our model can be used in place of or in addition to linear mixed effects models when modeling biomarker trajectories. A software implementation of the method is publicly available.
Antibacterial and Anti-Quorum Sensing Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Phytosynthesized Using Embelia ruminata

The rise in antibiotic resistance (AR) poses an imminent threat to human health. Nanotechnology, together with mechanisms such as quorum sensing (QS), which relies on communication between bacterial cells, may decrease the selective pressure for AR. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized at room temperature (Rt) and 80 °C using Embelia ruminata leaf, stem-bark, and fruit extracts as antibacterial and anti-QS agents. The phytosynthesized AgNPs solutions were subjected to various characterization assays and assessed for their antibacterial activities. Quantitative QS assays were performed using Chromobacterium subtsugae CV017 and Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472. Synthesized AgNPs were spherical-to-near-spherical in shape, poly-dispersed, and crystalline, with a size range of 21.06–32.15 nm. Fruit AgNPs showed stronger antibacterial activity than AgNPs from other plant organs against selected bacterial strains. In the QS assays, fruit 80 °C AgNPs demonstrated the most significant violacein inhibition in an assay performed using the short-chain acyl homoserine lactone CV017 biosensor, while the leaf and fruit Rt AgNPs demonstrated the most violacein inhibition in an assay performed using the long-chain acyl homoserine lactone ATCC 12472 biosensor. The investigations carried out in this study lay the groundwork for future innovative research into antibacterial and anti-QS strategies using E. ruminata.
Deep convective clouds

Deep convection plays a key role in the Earth's atmospheric general circulation and is often associated with severe weather. It spans a wide range of spatial scales, from subcentimeter for the cloud microscale to tens and hundreds of kilometers for convective towers and mesoscale convective systems. Deep convection extends, however, far beyond the scale of an individual convective system because its latent heating drives large-scale atmospheric tropical and subtropical circulations, such as the Hadley, Walker, and monsoon circulations. Thus to understand the role of atmospheric deep convection in the climate system, as well as in climate change, key processes across all of these scales must be taken into account. This chapter reviews the relevant aspects of the problem, points out the limitations of current modeling and observational approaches, and suggests areas for future research. It is argued that understanding the role of deep convection in the climate system, as well as in predictions of climate change, requires modeling efforts across all scales, from microscale to global, using a variety of models. Traditional atmospheric general circulation models are not sufficient because representation of deep convection, and how it may change in the perturbed climate, is highly uncertain
Changes in Rates of Shore Retreat, Lake Michigan, 1967-76

Abstract : Shorelines tend to retreat landward as water levels rise. Less than 20 percent of the shore, lost as Lake Michigan rose between 1967 and 1976, was due to direct inundation; the remaining 80 percent was due to increased erosion in response to the higher lake levels. A simple correlation of lake level change and simultaneous shore retreat ignores the inevitable lag between process and response, but still accounts for 50 percent of the variance in shore retreat. A graphic summary of field data is presented to estimate effects of future lake level changes in similar coastal environments. Qualitative guidance is provided on how and when these estimates should be adjusted to reflect differences in environmental settings. Complete adjustment of the shore will be underestimated by the empirical relationship; but where lake levels change constantly, there will be many such instances of incomplete shore response. (Author)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EFFLUENTS FROM DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES OF THE FAISALABAD CITY

In preliminary investigations, it was found that the quality of effluents with respect to EC, SAR and RSC from Kashmir Ghee Mills and Lyallpur Chemicals Ltd. was worse compared to those from other textile units (Nishatabad, Kohi-Noor and Dying units) and cereal grain processing industry (flour Mills and Rafhan Maize Products). Overall, the EC and RSC values of the main Paharang and Maduana drains at Chak No. 217/R.B. and Chak 225/R.B. , t'espectively were much higher than the critical levels. The concentration of P was the highest in effluents from Lyallpur Chemicals Ltd. while that of K was the highest in effluent from Rafhan and Flour Mills. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni were well below the safe limits in effluents from all the sources as well as in both the main drains. It seems that if these effluents are managed for EC, SAR and RSC problems, the macro and micro nutrient contents will be of considerable significance for agricult ure.
Science Website Traffic in Earthquakes

ABSTRACT Science communication in natural disasters is important to society but rarely informed by quantitative analysis of website traffic patterns. Analysis of science website traffic during the 2010–2012 Canterbury earthquake sequence in New Zealand reveals near‐instantaneous traffic surges after strong earthquakes followed by heavy‐tailed power‐law temporal decay consistent with Omori law for aftershocks. Traffic perturbations scale with earthquake magnitude and population exposure to strong shaking. Traffic also increases in response to public communications by the affiliated website operator. Website traffic decays with increasing seismic sequence duration but is ultimately sustained at levels 800%–1400% larger than pre‐event traffic, revealing sustained public utilization of science websites that outlast the duration of the associated natural disaster. Science websites with diverse sources and content exhibit similarly scaled traffic volume patterns. This study provides a clear, quantitatively justified motive for scientists of all affiliations to prioritize timely science communication with the public following time‐critical natural phenomena and disasters. Science website traffic for other natural disasters, including volcanic eruptions, cyclones, heatwaves, typhoons, and bushfires are similarly fit by power laws.