Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty Quantification of CMOS Active Filter Circuits: A Non-Intrusive Computational Approach Based on Generalized Polynomial Chaos

Semiconductor fabrication technologies as applies to the nanometer-era paradigms of nowadays have rendered uncertainty quantification analyses through component-level parameters compulsory and indispensable. Frequency responses of CMOS active filters are invariably observed to be affected by probabilistically modelled parameter deviations, and in this article the focus is on the fast and accurate quantification of the uncertainties pervading CMOS active filters in terms of their magnitude frequency responses. Previous work dominantly has preference for the widely recognized non-intrusive Monte Carlo methods, which bring about a disproportionately high computational burden. Also discomfitures are observed to arise due to apparently inadequate ensemble volumes and a limited variety of distribution functions that are chosen to be utilized, along with seemingly insufficient means of resulting data visualization and the lack of accurate probabilistic quantification. Generalized Polynomial Chaos (gPC) based stochastic spectral techniques, which usually offer reduced computational complexity with respect to Monte Carlo, targeting CMOS active filters do not seem to have drawn much attention; the few related publications offer utility in a limited scope of electronic components. In this article, we carry out uncertainty quantification analyses in order to compute partial or approximate stochastic characterizations of the magnitude frequency responses of several multi-component CMOS active filter circuits with the gPC-based stochastic collocation technique. The pertaining inherent non-intrusive nature is exploited, and the stated issues associated with the previous work are addressed. We utilize a stokhos-based MATLAB/C++ toolbox of our own design, on whose software architecture, features, and facilities we provide profound details, and present performance comparisons with Monte Carlo along with intuitive and insightful comments, in an endeavor to suggest that such observations may prove to be beneficial to circuit designers.
Macromodel for AC and Transient Simulations of Organic Thin-Film Transistor Circuits Including Nonquasistatic Effects

A charge-based macromodel for small-signal ac and transient analyses of organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) is presented. Due to the comparatively small charge-carrier mobility in organic TFTs, the dynamic behavior of the gate-field-induced carrier channel is greatly affected by the frequency of the applied gate–source and drain–source voltages. The model presented here is, therefore, based on the transmission-line model and shown to reproduce the results of frequency-dependent admittance measurements and numerical simulations of the transient switching behavior of organic TFTs fabricated in the staggered architecture with good accuracy. The model has been implemented in the hardware description language Verilog-A.
Investigation of Imprint in FE-HfO₂ and Its Recovery

Ferroelectric (FE)-HfO2-based FETs (FEFETs) are one of the most promising candidates for emerging memories. However, the FE material suffers from a unique reliability phenomenon known as imprint: the coercive voltage shifts during data retention, which has been regarded as a major issue for memory operation, while the mechanism causing it is still under research. In this article, imprint and its recovery in FE-HfO2 are investigated in detail by comprehensive electrical measurements to reveal its underlying mechanism including the cause of asymmetric coercive voltage shifts. The recovery measurements clarify that domain switching is indispensable for the recovery from imprint. The subloop imprint effect shows that imprint and its recovery must be independent for each domain. In addition, switching time measurements and corresponding fitting results with the nucleation-limited-switching (NLS) model strongly indicate that imprint is caused by domain-seeds-pinning. Based on these results, we conclude that charge trapping and detrapping affecting activation barriers for domain switching, accompanied by domain switching, is responsible for imprint and its recovery.
Device Design Guideline of 5-nm-Node FinFETs and Nanosheet FETs for Analog/RF Applications

Analog/RF performances of 5-nm node bulk fin-shaped field-effect transistors (FinFETs) and nanosheet FETs (NSFETs) were investigated and compared thoroughly using fully-calibrated TCAD. NSFETs have greater current drivability and gate-to-channel controllability than FinFETs under the same footprint, thus achieving larger intrinsic gain. But the cutoff frequencies (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of FinFETs and NSFETs are comparable due to larger gate capacitances (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{gg}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of NSFETs compensating DC performance improvements. Gate resistances (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{g}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of NSFETs are larger because of their metal gate (MG) configuration surrounding the channels, longer MG height by the top-most NS spacing region, and the bottom transistor, thus degrading maximum oscillation frequency (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Device design guidelines of FinFETs and NSFETs are also studied for better intrinsic gain, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Intrinsic gain is improved by better electrostatics, whereas <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> increases by greater current drivability over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{gg}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. For larger <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, careful device design is required to compensate between <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{g}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{gg}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, output resistance, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Overall, NSFETs outperform FinFETs in terms of intrinsic gain, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$F_{max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, thus NSFETs are promising for analog/RF applications.
Oral Bioavailability of Flavonoids and Their Effects on the Metabolic and Antioxidative Status in Neonatal Calves

Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites with numerous health-promoting properties. The feeding industry widely use flavonoids as ʽgreenʼ feed supplements even scientific evidence of their value are often hypothetical. Due to their high susceptibility to diseases, the use of flavonoids in neonatal calves might be especially useful. However, to determine biological effects in vivo, flavonoids must be systemically available in calves, but this is not known yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine BV and their biological effects of the most abundant flavonoids quercetin and catechin in neonatal calves. In part one of the study, calves (n = 7 per group) were fed quercetin as aglycone or as glucorhamnoside rutin or no flavonoid (control group) on d 2 and 29 of life. Blood samples were taken in defined time intervals before and until 48 h after flavonoid administration via jugular vein catheters. Quercetin and its methylated (isorhamnetin, tamarixetin) and dehydroxylated (kaempferol) metabolites were analyzed in blood plasma using HPLC with subsequent fluorescence detection. It was shown that quercetin is systemically available both as aglycone and as rutin in neonatal calves, but BV of quercetin aglycone was higher than BV of rutin as previously shown in monogastric species. Furthermore, BV of quercetin and its metabolites was greater on d 2 than on d 29 of life and the proportion of quercetin metabolites differed greatly between the two d, which possibly can deduced to maturation of the gastrointestinal tract. In part two of the study effects of a three-wk administration of quercetin aglycone, rutin or a green tea extract containing mainly catechins, on performance, health, and the antioxidative capacity and oxidative stress in neonatal calves were evaluated. A fourth group was used as control group (n = 7 calves per group) and did not receive any flavonoid sopplementation. No group differences were found for zootechnical parameters, but a slight benefit in health status when catechins were fed. Effects of flavonoid feeding on metabolic status were not seen in this study, but total protein, albumin, urea, lactate, glucose, NEFA, insulin, and cortisol reflected typical time changes during postnatal calf development. Markers of the antioxidative capacity in blood plasma (TEAC, FRAP) showed incisive differences in time, seen in a sharp increase of TEAC and in a decrease of FRAP plasma concentrations postpartum. However, oxidative stress markers (TBARS, F2-isoprostanes) did not illustrate distinct group and time effects due to great interindividual variances. Taken together, this study clearly demonstrated that the bioavailability of quercetin is determined by its chemical form and depends to a major extent on physiological processes of digestion and gastrointestinal maturation in calves. In contrast, the influence of flavonoids on the antioxidative status did not show clear results, thus an improvement of the antioxidative status in neonatal calves by flavonoid administration cannot be confirmed by this study.
2D Strain FET (2D-SFET)-Based SRAMs—Part II: Back Voltage-Enabled Designs

In Part I of this article, we had discussed the device characteristics of 2D Strain FET (2D-SFET) and 6T-SRAM with 2D-SFET used as a drop-in replacement for 2D-FET. Here (in Part II), we propose 2D-SFET-based 6T-SRAM designs targeted toward improving cell robustness (which is otherwise low in 2D-SFET SRAMs analyzed in Part I). Our 2D-SFET-based 6T-SRAM designs, namely Schmitt Trigger (ST) SRAM, Schmitt Trigger with Data-Driven Access Feedback (ST-DAF) SRAM and Schmitt Trigger with Dual Word-line (ST-DWL) SRAM leverage back voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{B}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)-driven dynamic bandgap change in 2D-SFET to mitigate the design conflicts. We show that in all designs ST action is achieved by dynamically tuning the strength of pull-up 2D-SFETs enabled by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{B}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This along with other optimizations result in up to 33% higher read stability in the proposed designs over 2D-FET-based standard 6T SRAM, while mitigating the design conflicts present in standard 6T SRAMs. Our analysis also highlights the benefits and trade-offs for write and hold operations for each of our designs. All the proposed 2D-SFET <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{B}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-enabled SRAMs achieve the enhanced functionalities at <italic>iso</italic>-area compared to 2D-SFET drop-in SRAM in Part I.
Community Perception on Breed Selection and Feeding Practice among Small Holder Dairy Farmers in Tiyo District, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey carried out at Tiyo district of Arsi zone from October 2015 up to April 2016. The objective of study includes assessing smallholder dairy farm reproductive performance and associated production problems. Data collected from selected four kebeles; in two agro-ecological zones namely, Dega and Woina Dega. Questionnaires subjected for two groups of household who own local and cross breeds. 384 informants who have at least one local or cross breed cow included in selection. Among the informants 65% of them have attended elementary school and followed by 15% illiterate and the remaining were diploma and degree holders. Local breeds kept by less educated farmers than educated ones. Feeding practice depends on season and learning status, where feeding practice significantly different (p<0.05) between wet and dry season, and in higher educated groups, they use more concentrate feed regardless of the season. The overall average daily milk yield per cow, lactation length and calving interval of local breeds were 1.06 ± 0.65 liter, 10.29 ± 2.28 months and 3.1 ± 0 years, respectively. Whereas, cross breeds had 6.49 ± 1.65 liters, 16.79 ± 2.83 months and 2.63 ± 0.43 years, respectively. The difference in parameters were significant (p<0.05) between local and cross breeds. Butter and cheese mostly supplied to local markets by local breed owners, whereas whole milk marketing well experienced by cross breeders. This may be associated with better milk production in cross breeders. On the other hand, informants have mentioned the problem of abortion, delay in first calving, long calving interval, mastitis and retained fetal membrane with the prevalence of 11.49%, 7.8%, 20.3%, 9.9%, 2.08% and 0.26%, respectively. In general, this study shown dairy cow management gap in the area. To reduce the problems noted, AI and veterinary services and forage and fodder development has to be improved. Awareness creation among farmers and stakeholders is also paramount important.
Damage Detection With an Ultrasound Array and Deep Convolutional Neural Network Fusion

Diagnostic methods for power transmission facilities are important for energy security because the growth of defects in power facilities increases the risk of blackouts in an entire power grid. However, damage in power transmission facilities is difficult to detect because cracks or defects are minuscule and are challenging to determine. One interesting phenomenon caused by damage in power transmission facilities is ultrasound emissions on a damaged surface. However, measuring ultrasound emissions to detect defects is limited by the severity of the surrounding noise. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes a new method for damage detection by fusing ultrasound measurements with recorded optical images. The proposed method consists of two phases. The first phase preprocesses ultrasound measurements for ultrasound feature extraction. This phase aims to detect the location of ultrasound emissions by analyzing ultrasound characteristics including the intensity and density. The second phase detects and classifies a damaged object with optical images recorded using a deep convolutional neural network. This phase not only discards the noise from the ultrasound measurements but also classifies a damaged system among many components in power transmission facilities. The experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method using ultrasound measurements and recorded images and finally suggest scenarios for potential applications.
Impact of Mechanical Stress on 3-D NAND Flash Current Conduction

This work experimentally investigates current conduction in 3-D NAND under up to 7 GPa of externally applied compressive mechanical stress. The impact of channel crystallinity and geometry is studied by comparing four types of Si channels: polycrystalline full channel, single-crystal full channel, polycrystalline macaroni channel, and single-crystal macaroni channel. In the studied channel types, the mechanical stress was found to cause reversible degradation of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (up to one order of magnitude) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (up to seven orders of magnitude). Using TCAD simulations, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> deterioration are attributed to carrier mobility and Si bandgap decreases under mechanical stress, respectively. The simulations also suggest that both effects depend on the channel morphology, which results in a different extent of stress impact on the four studied types of Si channels.
Characterization of AlScN on CMOS

In this paper, the bulk-wave excitation and sense properties of solidly mounted AlScN and AlN bulk-wave transducers itegrated onto CMOS substrates is presented. The AlN is fabricated at Silterra Malaysia, and the Al0.85Sc0. 15N transducer is fabricated at the Institute of Microelectronics (IME), both on top of Global Foundries (GF) 180nm CMOS wafers. The transducers are deposited on a $725\mu m$ silicon substrate with the CMOS Back End of Line (BEOL) between the piezoelectric stack and the substrate silicon. In the continuous mode testing, the transducer is driven by a network analyzer to obtain the impedance response. We extracted the HBAR quality factor, electromechanical coupling, and the figure of merit from the impedance magnitude and phase. The composite quality factor of the AlN is found to be 17.4% higher than the AlScN, while the composite electromechanical coupling coefficient of the AlScN is 13% higher than the AlN. The larger electromechnaical coupling is useful for pulse response of the transducers used in ultrasonic imaging and sensing applications. In the pulsed mode testing, the transducer is driven by a 60 ns wide RF pulse packet with the carrier frequency swept from 700 MHz to 3 GHz, and the return is signal is used to calculate the transmit/receive transfer function. For the specific thin film stacks tested here, the voltage gain of the AlN and AlScN is comparable. The work also indicates the need for stack optimization to fully utilize the higher AlScN electromechanical coupling.
Are You a Favorite Target For Cryptojacking? A Case-Control Study On The Cryptojacking Ecosystem

Illicitly hijacking visitors’ computational resources for mining cryptocurrency via compromised websites is a consolidated activity.Previous works mainly focused on large-scale analysis of the cryptojacking ecosystem, technical means to detect browser-based mining as well as economic incentives of cryptojacking. So far, no one has studied if certain technical characteristics of a website can increase (decrease) the likelihood of being compromised for cryptojacking campaigns.In this paper, we propose to address this unanswered question by conducting a case-control study with cryptojacking websites obtained crawling the web using Minesweeper. Our preliminary analysis shows some association for certain website characteristics, however, the results obtained are not statistically significant. Thus, more data must be collected and further analysis must be conducted to obtain a better insight into the impact of these relations.
WhatsThat? On the Usage of Hierarchical Clustering for Unsupervised Detection & Interpretation of Network Attacks

The automatic detection and interpretation of network attacks through machine learning is a well-known problem, for which no general solution is available. Super-vised learning and anomaly detection approaches require prior knowledge on the system under analysis, either in the form of normal operation profiles, or on the specific attacks to detect. As a consequence, both approaches have clear limitations when it comes to detecting, and in particular interpreting, previously unseen attacks and anomalies.In this paper we present WhatsThat, a novel approach to unsupervised network anomaly detection, which can both detect and interpret anomalous behaviors in a completely black-box manner, without relying on any ground-truth on the system under analysis. WhatsThat relies on hierarchical–clustering techniques to discover and characterize anomalous patterns present in nested or hierarchically structured multi–dimensional data, which is common in network traffic – e.g., due to multi–layer protocols. The solution uses unsupervised cluster validity metrics to automatically explore the data structure, and builds on automatic identification of relevant features to provide meaningful descriptions for the detected patterns. We showcase WhatsThat in the detection and interpretation of network attacks hidden in real, large-scale network traffic collected at a transit Internet backbone network. While WhatsThat is mainly tailored for unsupervised anomaly detection and interpretation, it can also be applied to the unsupervised analysis of any kind of nested or hierarchically structured multi-dimensional data, showing the potential of hierarchical clustering for general unsupervised data analysis.
SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX (L) MERR.) INOCULATION WITH BACILLUS PUMILUS RS3 PROMOTES PLANT GROWTH AND INCREASES SEED PROTEIN YIELD: RELEVANCE FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS

Fertilization is considered as one of the main sources of environmental pollution caused by agriculture. When high fertilizer rates are applied, nutrient losses take place which pollute agricultural ecosystems. Defense strategies were developed in order to minimize the environmental burden caused by agricultural pollution. One of these strategies is based on the usage of biofertilizers - microorganisms isolated from soil that can stimulate plant growth. In this context, effects of a Bacillus pumilus strain isolated from soybean rhizosphere on plant growth, nodulation and seed protein yield were investigated. Two factors (A x B) experiments were conducted using a "split plots design". The soybean plants have been grown in ecological conditions, without organic fertilizers and pesticides. Our results suggest that the tested rhizobacterial strain significantly increased the plant's height (p<0.0001), number of leaves (p<0.0003), foliar area (p<0.0002), nodulation (p<0.0002) and bean protein content (p<0.05), compared to the non-treated control. We concluded that Bacillus pumilus Rs3 promoted plant growth and increased seed protein yield. Our rhizobacterial strain could be an eco-friendly alternative for reducing soil pollution caused by fertilizers usage.
Ultra-Compact Non-Travelling-Wave Silicon Carrier-Depletion Mach-Zehnder Modulators Towards High Channel Density Integration

Silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) utilizing carrier depletion usually adopt traveling-wave (TW) electrodes for their long phase shifters, which have inherent challenges in miniaturization, limiting the integration density of monolithic transceivers. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate non-TW carrier-depletion MZMs that give better compromises between compact footprint, modulation depth, and high speed. They adopt densely meandered phase shifters and thus offer an ultra-compact lumped-element MZM for using carrier depletion. Up to 28.1 Gb/s NRZ eye diagrams and ∼26 GHz electro-optic bandwidth were experimentally achieved. The proposed lumped circuit model well explains the experimental data, indicating that impedance mismatching is the dominant factor in determining experimental bandwidth and a LC resonance contributes to the bandwidth improvement. Driving configurations with better impedance matching are proposed to further improve bandwidth. This novel MZM can enhance the integration density of modulators in wavelength-division multiplexing transceivers.
Characterization of Probiotic Strains of Lactobacillus Candidates for Development of Synbiotic Product for Kazakh Population

1Head of Laboratory of Microbiology in RSE "Republican Collection of Microorganisms" SC MES RK (Astana, Kazakhstan). 2Senior Researcher of Laboratory of Microbiology in RSE "Republican Collection of Microorganisms" SC MES RK (Astana, Kazakhstan). 3Deputy General Director for Science in RSE "Republican Collection of Microorganisms" SC MES RK (Astana, Kazakhstan). 4Junior researcher of Laboratory of Microbiology in RSE "Republican Collection of Microorganisms" SC MES RK (Astana, Kazakhstan). 5Head of Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry of Microorganisms in RSE "Republican Collection of Microorganisms" SC MES RK, (Astana, Kazakhstan). 6Director General in RSE "Republican Collection of Microorganisms " SC MES RK (Astana, Kazakhstan).