Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variations in the Raman peak shift as a function of hydrostatic pressure for various carbon nanostructures: a simple geometric effect

We have investigated pressure-induced Raman peak shifts for various carbon nanostructures with distinct differences in the degree of structural order. The high-frequency tangential vibrational modes of the hollow nanostructures, as well as those of graphite crystals and a macroscopic carbon fiber used as reference materials, were observed to shift to higher wave numbers. The hollow nanostructures and the carbon fiber displayed two distinct pressure regimes with transition pressures between 0.75 and 2.2 GPa, whereas the graphite crystals showed a linear pressure dependence up to hydrostatic pressures of 5 GPa. The observed peak shifts were reversible for all hollow nanostructures and graphite. Although the pressure-induced Raman peak shift in the low pressure regime could be used to identify the elastic properties of the macroscopic carbon fiber, a theoretical model shows that the observed deviations in the pressure coefficients of the hollow nanostructures in this regime can be explained entirely on the basis of geometric effects. The close match of all Raman peak shifts in the high pressure regime indicates a reversible flattening of the nanostructures at the transition point.
The destination marketing and media profile – travel motives nexus amid tourism crisis: the mediating effect of the nation brand

PurposeThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of destination marketing and media profiling to re-engage international tourists. However, potential crisis-induced nation brand (NB) deficits must be addressed to re-ignite tourism demand. The study examines the possible intervening effect of the contemporary NB in the international destination marketing and media-travel motives nexus.Design/methodology/approachA deductive quantitative study was undertaken with an online Amazon Mechanical Turk sample of n = 454 respondents. Hypotheses were tested using PROCESS Macro, Model 4.FindingsThe results show that the NB [people and negative events] had a practically significant partial mediating effect in the destination marketing – nature-cultural oriented travel motivation nexus.Practical implicationsNew insights are provided via a practical model which facilitates the measurement of potential nuances in the influence of destination marketing and media profiling on leisure tourists' travel motives amid crises. The intervening effect implies that a better understanding of the NB as an indirect antecedent to travel motivation may result in more effective crisis communications and tourism recovery-oriented marketing.Originality/valueThe study is amongst the first to extend marketing and behavioural theory to explore the interplay between the marketing and media profile, a nation's brand and tourists' travel behaviour amid a crisis. The study addresses a discernible dearth of knowledge related to the influence of the NB on tourist behaviour from an emerging market perspective.
Macronutrients, vitamins and minerals in the diet of multiple sclerosis patients

Purpose Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in which multifocal damage to the brain and spinal cord occurs. The etiology of MS remains unclear but it is often recognized by researchers as a multifactorial disease that involves autoimmune and genetic predisposition combined with environmental influences (e.g., low vitamin D levels, smoking, obesity). An adequate and balanced diet can be extremely helpful in improving the condition of MS patients, effectively supporting pharmacological therapy. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether, and if so, to what extent, the intake of macronutrients, vitamins, and microelements may affect the course of MS. Views The review presents data from studies published between 2017 and 2022. Conclusions There are numerous studies on the role of specific dietary components in the treatment of MS, but the results are still limited. More work is needed to define the tools required for the assessment of patients’ eating habits because dietary factors can affect the functioning and quality of life of MS patients and should therefore be evaluated to assist in comprehensive treatment and recovery.
Recent aqueous environments in Martian impact craters: an astrobiological perspective

The discovery of gullies and debris aprons raises the question of the existence of aqueous environments on Mars in recent geological times and its astrobiological implications. Three cases of such environments are surveyed at MOC high resolution in the E-Gorgonum chaos and Newton and Hale craters. The regional setting of these craters suggests that the mechanisms of aquifer destabilization, flow discharge, and gully formation in these three cases result from local geological triggers that can include impact cratering, and tectonic processes, rather than climate or insolation factor. We take as a working hypothesis that microbial life appeared on Mars in ancient geological times, probably in a geothermal environment but potentially evolving via infrared detection systems to give photosynthetic communities under the selective pressure of energetic solar radiation. We hypothesize that some microbial communities could have survived underground in either dormant or active state, or that their biomolecules could be preserved either frozen or desiccated in the subsurface beneath the upper oxidized zone. We assess the known environmental constraints for life and what type of potential habitats are provided in these three craters by aquifer discharges using comparison with terrestrial analogues and their associated microbial communities. These environments include: (1) the release of water on a dry crater floor in E-Gorgonum and the possibility for microorganisms and preserved biomolecules to be flushed out and mixed in with the sediment exposed at the surface; (2) the evidence of a recent lacustrine episode in the Newton crater with analogy to Antarctic Dry Valley lakes; (3) the exposure on the floor of Hale crater of material from a regional subsurface that is likely to have retained traces of one of the oldest martian bodies of water recognized to date (Parker et al. 2000) in the Argyre basin. We show how the water in Argyre (∼3.8 billion years ago (Gya) was likely to have been alterated by hydrothermal processes and how the subsequent formation of the 150-km Hale crater on the northern ring of Argyre generated hydrothermal pumping. This accounts for the anomalously high location of the springs on the crater crests today with respect to the rest of the regional subsurface distribution. Finally, we envision current impact cratering as a factor for destabilizing aquifers on Mars today, thus creating new environments. We analyze the implications of impacts for two geological types of rock units that could harbor traces of life. As a result, we compare the potential of astrobiological exploration of crater floors, rims, and ejecta on future missions to Mars.
Regional Modeling of Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Resources Sustainability in Peninsular Malaysia

Projection of climate for the 2020s and 2080s from an ensemble of global climate models (GCMs) run under A2, A1B and B1 emission scenarios are used for regional modeling of climate change impacts on groundwater resources sustainability in Peninsular Malaysia. Few studies that have modeled climate change impacts on groundwater resources used the physically-based surface-subsurface flow model. In this paper, the suite of GCM outputs were modeled for the impact studies via integrative approach involving empirical modeling equation, GIS-based geostatistical technique and model forecasting accuracy optimization. A range of predictions is obtained by modeling the precipitation and temperature change factors derived from fifteen (15) GCMs forced with three (3) future emission scenarios for 50 years periods between 2000 to 2049 (2020s) and 2050 to 2099 (2080s) reference to the baseline period (1950 to 1999). The ensemble average suggests there will be a 1% reduction in monthly recharge in 2020s and 7-10% recharge increment in 2080s across the study area. The spread of predictions for recharge and PET rates across the area ranges from 12.05 to 17.83 mm/day and 3.72 to 4.05, respectively. Geostatistical analysis enabled generation of recharge rate and PET rate prediction maps. The prediction maps were classified into low (L), medium (M) and high (H) recharge and PET rated zones in GIS environment. The recharge rate model map revealed that more than 60% of the area coverage in the study area is characterized by low rating recharge, particularly within 2020s future period. The multiple climate models results provided the highest likelihood mean estimate as well as a measure of its uncertainty and less probable outcomes. Results suggest that recharge reduction in the area is an evidence of water resources scarcity in 2020s. The results of this work provided the basis for the inclusion of representative climate scenarios into the Peninsular Malaysia water resources’ existing decision support system model useful for policy and decision making in the area.
How is the relationship between student responses and students' motor skills after using the cat vs fish game E-module?

The development of games that are applied in learning physical education, sports, and health is a solution to the boredom felt by students during learningtake place. The aims of this research are (1) How is the feasibility of the fish vs cat game e-module? (2) How do students respond to the use of the cat vs fish e-module? (3) How are the students' motor skills different before and after using the cat vs fish e-module in class VA and VB? (4) What is the relationship between students' responses to the use of the cat vs fish e-module with students' motor skills after using the cat vs fish e-module? Research methodologyused in this research is research and development. At the trial stage, it was carried out by involving 60 students consisting of 2 classes. The conclusion of this study is that the developed cat vs fish game e-module has been declared valid to be used, based on the t-test conducted showing that there are differences in students' motor skills before and after using the cat vs fish game e-module in class VA and class VB. The results of the correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between student responses and students' motor skills after using the cat vs fish e-module. The cat vs fish game e-module can be a learning innovation in physical education, sports, and health subjects that can be a guide for cat vs fish games so as to train students' motor skills. Keywords: Physics, SPS, problem based learning, melde practicum, gender
Computer State Evaluation Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems

Several crucial system design and deployment decisions, including workload management, sizing, capacity planning, and dynamic rule generation in dynamic systems such as computers, depend on predictive analysis of resource consumption. An analysis of the computer components’ utilizations and their workloads is the best way to assess the performance of the computer’s state. Especially, analyzing the particular or whole influence of components on another component gives more reliable information about the state of computer systems. There are many evaluation techniques proposed by researchers. The bulk of them have complicated metrics and parameters such as utilization, time, throughput, latency, delay, speed, frequency, and the percentage which are difficult to understand and use in the assessing process. According to these, we proposed a simplified evaluation method using components’ utilization in percentage scale and its linguistic values. The use of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model and fuzzy set theory offers fantastic prospects to realize use impact analyses. The purpose of the study is to examine the usage impact of memory, cache, storage, and bus on CPU performance using the Sugeno type and Mamdani type ANFIS models to determine the state of the computer system. The suggested method is founded on keeping an eye on how computer parts behave. The developed method can be applied for all kinds of computing system, such as personal computers, mainframes, and supercomputers by considering that the inference engine of the proposed ANFIS model requires only its own behavior data of computers’ components and the number of inputs can be enriched according to the type of computer, for instance, in cloud computers’ case the added number of clients and network quality can be used as the input parameters. The models present linguistic and quantity results which are convenient to understand performance issues regarding specific bottlenecks and determining the relationship of components.
Indulging in Smartphones in Times of Stress: A Moderated Mediation Model of Experiential Avoidance and Trait Mindfulness

Although previous studies have shown that perceived stress is positively related to problematic smartphone use, knowledge of mediating and moderating mechanisms underpinning this relationship is quite limited. In this study, we explored whether experiential avoidance mediated the relationship between perceived stress and problematic smartphone use and whether trait mindfulness moderated this mediating process. A total of 763 Chinese college students completed the measures of perceived stress, experiential avoidance, problematic smartphone use, and trait mindfulness. The results indicate that perceived stress was positively related to problematic smartphone use and this relation was partially mediated by experiential avoidance. Furthermore, moderated mediation analysis showed that trait mindfulness moderated the linkage between perceived stress and problematic smartphone use via experiential avoidance. This link became weaker for college students with higher levels of trait mindfulness. The results highlight the value of identifying the underlying mechanisms between perceived stress and college students’ problematic smartphone use.
DEPTH PROFILING OF VACANCY CLUSTERS IN MEV-IMPLANTED SI USING AU LABELING

A technique for profiling the clustered-vacancy region produced by high-energy ion implantation into silicon is described and tested. This technique takes advantage of the fact that metal impurities, such as Au, are trapped in the region of excess vacancies produced by MeV Si implants into silicon. In this work, the clustered-vacancy regions produced by 1-, 2-, and 8-MeV Si implants into silicon have been labeled with Au diffused in from the front surface at 750 °C. The trapped Au was profiled with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The dynamics of the clustered-vacancy region were monitored for isochronal annealing at 750–1000 °C, and for isothermal annealing at 950 °C, for 10–600 s. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that after the drive-in anneal, the Au in the region of vacancy clusters is in the form of precipitates. The results demonstrate that the Au-labeling technique offers a convenient and potentially quantitative tool for depth profiling vacancies in clusters.
The Abnormal Proliferation of Hepatocytes is Associated with MC-LR and C-Terminal Truncated HBX Synergistic Disturbance of the Redox Balance

Background Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the concentrations of MC-LR in drinking water and the synergistic effect of MC-LR and HBV on hepatocellular carcinogenesis through their disturbance of redox balance have not been fully elucidated. Methods We measured the MC-LR concentrations in 168 drinking water samples of areas with a high incidence of HCC. The relationships between MC-LR and both redox status and liver diseases in 177 local residents were analyzed. The hepatoma cell line HepG2 transfected with C-terminal truncated hepatitis B virus X gene (Ct-HBX) were treated with MC-LR. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed with cell activity assays, scratch and transwell assays, and flow cytometry, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression-related redox status genes were analyzed with qPCR and Western blotting. Results The average concentration of MC-LR in well water, river water and reservoir water were 57.55 ng/L, 76.74 ng/L and 132.86 ng/L respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The MC-LR levels in drinking water were correlated with liver health status, including hepatitis, clonorchiasis, glutamic pyruvic transaminase abnormalities and hepatitis B surface antigen carriage (all P values < 0.05). The serum MDA increased in subjects who drank reservoir water and were infected with HBV (P < 0.05). In the cell experiment, ROS increased when Ct-HBX-transfected HepG2 cells were treated with MC-LR, followed by a decrease in SOD and GSH and an increase in MDA. MC-LR combined with Ct-HBX promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 cells, upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of MAOA gene, and downregulated UCP2 and GPX1 genes. Conclusion MC-LR and HBV may synergistically affect redox status and play an important role in hepatocarcinoma genesis.
X-Ray Ionization of the Disks of Young Stellar Objects

We have developed a Monte Carlo code for the transport of stellar X-rays in an axially symmetric disk. The code treats Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption and follows the X-rays until they are completely absorbed. We confirm that hard X-rays from a low-mass young stellar object (YSO) penetrate the associated accretion disk. Even without the low-energy photons that are strongly attenuated by the YSO wind, the ionization rate in the inner region of the accretion disk (<1 AU) is many orders of magnitude larger than the standard ionization rate due to Galactic cosmic rays. At a fixed radius from the source, the X-ray ionization rate is a universal function of the vertical column density, independent of the structural details of the disk. The ionization rate scales with the X-ray luminosity and depends only mildly on the X-ray temperature, at least for the temperatures relevant for low-mass YSOs. Thus X-rays from a YSO can ionize regions of an accretion disk from which low-energy cosmic rays are excluded, e.g., by the action of stellar winds. Using a simple theory for the electron fraction we estimate that, for a minimum solar nebula, X-rays ionize the disk beyond 5 AU at a level sufficient to couple magnetic fields and neutral disk material. Inside this radius, the X-rays are ineffective for vertical column densities much larger than ~1025 cm-2, and thus an interior region of the disk will be uncoupled from magnetic fields. If disk accretion is mediated by MHD turbulence, as proposed by Balbus & Hawley, then our results suggest that layered accretion occurs in the inner regions of a disk ionized by X-rays, in accord with Gammie's suggestion based on cosmic-ray ionization.
Solvability and convergence of iterative algorithms for certain functional equations arising in dynamic programming

In this article, we introduce and study the following functional equation arising in dynamic programming of multistage decision processes: In order to solve the functional equation, we suggest some iterative algorithms. Under certain conditions we give a few sufficient conditions ensuring both the existence and uniqueness of solution for the functional equation and the convergence of these iterative algorithms with respect to the solution. We investigate also properties of nonpositive solutions and nonnegative solutions for several functional equations which are special cases of the above mentioned functional equation. To illustrate the results presented in this article, we construct eight nontrivial examples.
Flow instabilities in thermocapillary liquid pools

The instability of steady axisymmetric thermocapillary flow in liquid pools heated from above is investigated numerically. The conditions for the onset of three‐dimensional motion depend on the thermal conditions as well as the geometrical constraints. The critical Reynolds number is calculated as a function of the Prandtl number for a cylindrical pool of unit aspect ratio. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Design and Analysis of a Resistive Frequency-Locked Oscillator With Long-Term Stability Using Double Chopper Stabilization

A resistive frequency-locked loop on-chip oscillator based on a double chopper stabilization technique is proposed for the improvement of frequency stability. The temperature-sensitive nonidealities, including the reference mismatch current and amplifier offset voltage, are suppressed by a double chopper stabilization technique. A prototype chip is implemented in a 180-nm CMOS process with an active area of 0.3 mm2. The measurement results show that the frequency-locked oscillator operating at 250 kHz achieves temperature stability of 27.1 ppm/°C and long-term stability of 2.73 ppm, with the power consumption of 293 nW. The mitigation of the low-frequency flicker noise results in a 16X improvement in the long-term stability of the RFLO compared to that with no chopper technique.
A new class of analytic solutions of the two-state problem

A new class of solutions of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation is found for the two-state problem often encountered in quantum optics, magnetic resonance and atomic collisions. The authors use the Riemann-Papperitz differential equation to find exact solutions in terms of hypergeometric functions. They consider only cases in which the final occupation probabilities are elementary functions of the parameters of the model.
Heat/mass transfer from surface films to shear flows at arbitrary Peclet numbers

An efficient numerical method is described for studying the combined conductive and convective transport from a surface film on a planar boundary to a fluid in simple shear flow. Such problems arise most commonly in the use of hot film anemometers, electrochemical shear probes, or in simple models of chemical reactions. The method is illustrated by calculating the total flux (Nusselt number) and variation of the flux along the surface for isothermal circular disks at arbitrary values of the Peclet number (dimensionless shear rate) and is compared with asymptotic results valid at high and low Peclet numbers. The theoretical low Peclet number results of Phillips [Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. (in press)] lie within 2% of the numerical results for Peclet numbers as high as P=2. At high Peclet numbers, a theoretical estimate for the neglected flux from the edge regions is used, together with the numerical simulations, to propose a correction to the standard one‐term asymptotic expression. This approximate relations.