Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysing Labour-Based Estimates of Automation and Their Implications. A Comparative Approach from an Economic Competitiveness Perspective

Given the advent of Industry 4.0 and the importance of labour-based automation in ensuring competitiveness at the firm, regional cluster, or country level, the paper aims to explore, for the first time, the features of several estimates of occupational/labour automation and to assess the potential risks associated with it. A comparative analysis of the most well-established estimates of labour automation, the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) degree of automation estimates and Frey and Osborne’s future probabilities of automation was carried out to see whether, and to what extent, these estimates are compatible. Results show significant distributional differences between them, which are quantified into automation-triggered disruption risks at the occupational level, as current levels of labour automation are, in some cases, well below their future estimates. Work context features were used to derive a typology of occupations, which can explain up to one-third of the current, and up to half of the future levels of labour automation. Finally, we identified which occupations and occupational groups are likely to be affected by the highest risk of automation-induced displacement and estimated the magnitude of different disruption classes. Conclusions are compatible with other economywide assessments of the impact of labour automation on the workforce, thus being valuable inputs for corporate strategy, decision-makers and human resource planners as they address a growing need for quantitative insights useful for adapting the labour force structure, workers’ skills, and the task content of occupations to the competitiveness requirements related to the process of digitization in the Industry 4.0 context.
Anger, a Result and Cause of Stroke: A Narrative Review

Post-stroke mood and emotional disturbances are frequent and diverse in their manifestations. Among them, post-stroke depression is the best known. Although post-stroke anger (PSA) has been studied relatively less, it can be as frequent as depression. Manifestations of PSA range from overt aggressive behaviors (including hitting or hurting others) to becoming irritable, impulsive, hostile, and less tolerable to family members. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms of PSA include neurochemical dysfunction due to brain injury, frustration associated with neurological deficits or unfavorable environments, and genetic predisposition. PSA causes distress in both patients and their caregivers, negatively influences the patient’s quality of life, and increases the burden on caregivers. It can be treated or prevented using various methods, including pharmacological therapies. In addition, anger or hostility may also be a risk or triggering factor for stroke. The hazardous effects of anger may be mediated by other risk factors, including hypertension or diabetes mellitus. The identification of anger as a result or cause of stroke is important because strategic management of anger may help improve the patient’s quality of life or prevent stroke occurrence. In this narrative review, we describe the phenomenology, prevalence, factors or predictors, relevant lesion locations, and pharmacological treatment of PSA. We further describe the current evidence on anger as a risk or triggering factor for stroke.
Fast Antenna Array Diagnosis Based on Shifted Base Mode Character From Sparse Measurements

A novel fast antenna array diagnosis based on the shifted base mode character is presented. The problem is solved by the following steps: first, mathematically shift the reference phase origin (RPO) of the damaged far-field (FF) to the position of each element of the array one by one, then represent the shifted FFs with orthogonal mode, and then extract the base mode. In this way, the mapping from the element positions to the shifted base modes is established. Because the base mode is a sinc function of the off-center distance, the base mode shifted to the position of the faulty element will change significantly compared with the one shifted to its adjacent element. Since the larger sampling interval will not cause the base modes aliasing, the method can fast locate the faulty elements from sparse sampling (close to but less than twice the Nyquist interval). Compared with the existing methods based on compressive sensing and genetic algorithms, the proposed method avoids the prior knowledge of the failure-free array radiation pattern and the iteration solution, which can remarkably reduce the time of the measurement and data postprocessing. A wide set of full-wave simulations is done to assess the efficiency of the method.
New Indicators of Innovation Activity in Economic Growth Models

Our extensive literature review shows that innovations are fundamental to maintaining competitiveness at both micro- and macro-economic levels. In this study, we address how to improve the measurement of innovations and their impact on a country’s competitiveness and economic growth. We provide an overview of indicators used to measure innovations and propose three new ones that are supposed to capture knowledge spillover: The Foreign Knowledge Inflow, Domestic Knowledge Outflow, and General Propensity to Patent. Innovation was proxied by the number of patent applications, which we supplemented with indexes measuring the origin of knowledge and its transfer. We employed the system GMM method on panel data of 56 countries for 2002–2019 to confirm and compare the informational value of standard innovation indicators and our indexes. Implementation of indexes revealed the counteracting impact of patenting on economic growth when the positive effect of innovation creation is weakened by knowledge disclosure. We provide evidence that a low propensity to patent facilitates growth. The impact of foreign knowledge on an economy is dependent on its technological capacity. The infusion of foreign knowledge boosts the growth of fast-growing economies but inhibits the growth of less technologically sophisticated ones. This supports our assumption that when researching the impact of innovations on economic growth, it is crucial to consider additional factors. Hence, index implementation appears to be the correct method.
The Rotation of the halo of NGC 6822 from the radial velocities of carbon stars

© The Authors 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Fictitious magnetic-field gradients in optical microtraps as an experimental tool for interrogating and manipulating cold atoms

Optical microtraps provide a strong spatial confinement for laser-cooled atoms. They can, e.g., be realized with strongly focused trapping light beams or the optical near fields of nano-scale waveguides and photonic nanostructures. Atoms in such traps often experience strongly spatially varying AC Stark shifts which are proportional to the magnetic quantum number of the respective energy level. These inhomogeneous fictitious magnetic fields can cause a displacement of the trapping potential that depends on the Zeeman state. Hitherto, this effect was mainly perceived as detrimental. However, it also provides a means to probe and to manipulate the motional state of the atoms in the trap by driving transitions between Zeeman states. Furthermore, by applying additional real or fictitious magnetic fields, the state-dependence of the trapping potential can be controlled. Here, using laser-cooled atoms that are confined in a nanofiber-based optical dipole trap, we employ this control in order to tune the microwave coupling of motional quantum states. We record corresponding microwave spectra which allow us to infer the trap parameters as well as the temperature of the atoms. Finally, we reduce the mean number of motional quanta in one spatial dimension to $\langle n\rangle=0.3 \pm 0.1$ by microwave sideband cooling. Our work shows that the inherent fictitious magnetic fields in optical microtraps expand the experimental toolbox for interrogating and manipulating cold atoms.
Association between differential somatic cell count and California Mastitis Test results in Holstein cattle

Graphical Abstract Summary: The left panel shows the estimated California Mastitis Test (CMT) scores as a function of somatic cell score (SCS) and macrophage proportions. Because the SCS is a logarithmic conversion of somatic cell counts (SCC), the same CMT reaction may represent hugely varied SCC values depending on the macrophage proportions. As shown in the 2 right panels, elevated macrophage proportions have been identified in the resolution of mastitis and some subclinical mastitis cases. In such situations, the interpretation of the CMT scores requires more consideration.
Redshifted emission lines and radiative recombination continuum from the Wolf-Rayet binary theta Muscae: evidence for a triplet system?

We present XMM-Newton observations of the WC binary Theta Muscae (WR 48), the second brightest Wolf-Rayet binary in optical wavelengths. The system consists of a short-period (19.1375 days) WC5/WC6 + O6/O7V binary and possibly has an additional O supergiant companion (O9.5/B0Iab) which is optically identified at a separation of ~46 mas. Strong emission lines from highly ionized ions of C, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca and Fe are detected. The spectra are fitted by a multi-temperature thin-thermal plasma model with an interstellar absorption N_H = 2--3*10**21 cm**-2. Lack of nitrogen line indicates that the abundance of carbon is at least an order of magnitude larger than that of nitrogen. A Doppler shift of ~630 km/s is detected for the OVIII line, while similar shifts are obtained from the other lines. The reddening strongly suggests that the emission lines originated from the wind-wind shock zone, where the average velocity is ~600 km/s. The red-shift motion is inconsistent with a scenario in which the X-rays originate from the wind-wind collision zone in the short-period binary, and would be evidence supporting the widely separated O supergiant as a companion. This may make up the collision zone be lying behind the short-period binary. In addition to the emission lines, we also detected the RRC (radiative recombination continuum) structure from carbon around 0.49 keV. This implies the existence of additional cooler plasma.
On the proper kinetic quadrupole CMB removal and the quadrupole anomalies

It has been pointed out recently that the quadrupole-octupole alignment in the CMB data is significantly affected by the so-called kinetic Doppler quadrupole (DQ), which is the temperature quadrupole induced by our proper motion. Assuming our velocity is the dominant contribution to the CMB dipole we have v/c=β=(1.231 ± 0.003) × 10−3, which leads to a non-negligible DQ of 𝒪(β2). Here we stress that one should properly take into account that CMB data are usually not presented in true thermodynamic temperature, which induces a frequency dependent boost correction. The DQ must therefore be multiplied by a frequency-averaged factor, which we explicitly compute for several Planck CMB maps finding that it varies between 1.67 and 2.47. This is often neglected in the literature and turns out to cause a small but non-negligible difference in the significance levels of some quadrupole-related statistics. For instance the alignment significance in the SMICA 2013 map goes from 2. 3σ to 3. 3σ with the frequency dependent DQ, instead of 2. 9σ ignoring the frequency dependence in the DQ. Moreover as a result of a proper DQ removal, the agreement across different map-making techniques is improved.
Probably Approximately Correct: Nature's Algorithms for Learning and Prospering in a Complex World

From a leading computer scientist, a unifying theory that will revolutionize our understanding of how life evolves and learns. How does life prosper in a complex and erratic world? While we know that nature follows patternssuch as the law of gravityour everyday lives are beyond what known science can predict. We nevertheless muddle through even in the absence of theories of how to act. But how do we do it? In Probably Approximately Correct, computer scientist Leslie Valiant presents a masterful synthesis of learning and evolution to show how both individually and collectively we not only survive, but prosper in a world as complex as our own. The key is probably approximately correct algorithms, a concept Valiant developed to explain how effective behavior can be learned. The model shows that pragmatically coping with a problem can provide a satisfactory solution in the absence of any theory of the problem. After all, finding a mate does not require a theory of mating. Valiants theory reveals the shared computational nature of evolution and learning, and sheds light on perennial questions such as nature versus nurture and the limits of artificial intelligence. Offering a powerful and elegant model that encompasses lifes complexity, Probably Approximately Correct has profound implications for how we think about behavior, cognition, biological evolution, and the possibilities and limits of human and machine intelligence.
The gravitino problem in supersymmetric warm inflation

The warm inflation paradigm considers the continuous production of radiation during inflation due to dissipative effects. In its strong dissipation limit, warm inflation gives way to a radiation dominated Universe. High scale inflation then yields a high reheating temperature, which then poses a severe gravitino overproduction problem for the supersymmetric realisations of warm inflation. In this paper we show that in certain class of supersymmetric models the dissipative dynamics of the inflaton is such that the field can avoid its complete decay after inflation. In some cases, the residual energy density stored in the field oscillations may come to dominate over the radiation bath at a later epoch. If the inflaton field finally decays much later than the onset of the matter dominated phase, the entropy produced in its decay may be sufficient to counteract the excess of gravitinos produced during the last stages of warm inflation.
Shell model of BaTiO3 derived from ab-initio total energy calculations

A shell model for ferroelectric perovskites fitted to results of first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations is strongly affected by approximations made in the exchange-correlation functional within DFT, and in general not as accurate as a shell model derived from experimental data. We have developed an isotropic shell model for BaTiO3 based on the PBEsol exchange-correlation functional [Perdew et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 136406 (2008)], which was specifically designed for crystal properties of solids. Our shell model for BaTiO3 agrees with ground state DFT properties and the experimental lattice constants at finite temperatures. The sequence of phases of BaTiO3 (rhombohedral, orthorhombic, tetragonal, cubic) is correctly reproduced but the temperature scale of the phase transitions is compressed. The temperature scale can be improved by scaling of the ab-initio energy surface.
Gender Inequality in Financial Inclusion: An Exploratory Analysis of the Middle East and North Africa

Abstract Gender in financial inclusion is an evolving field of research. This study uses the World Bank’s Global Findex database, along with probit models, to investigate the presence of gender inequality on financial inclusion and its causes. In the Middle East and North Africa samples, we present new evidence of lower women’s financial inclusion. Being a man, older, well-educated and with a high-income increases the likelihood of being financially included. The findings of this study support policymaker in defining policies to promote financial inclusion in the Middle East and North Africa. Increasing the level of financial inclusion enhances the level of official savings in countries, which in turn promotes development.
Galaxy morphology, luminosity, and environment in the SDSS DR7

Aims. We study the influence of the environment on the evolution of galaxies by investigating the luminosity function (LF) of galaxies of different morphological types and colours at different environmental density levels. Methods. We construct the LFs separately for galaxies of different morphology (spiral and elliptical) and of different colours (red and blue) using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), correcting the luminosities for the intrinsic absorption. We use the global luminosity density field to define different environments, and analyse the environmental dependence of galaxy morphology and colour. The smoothed bootstrap method is used to calculate confidence regions of the derived luminosity functions. Results. We find a strong environmental dependency for the LF of elliptical galaxies. The LF of spiral galaxies is almost environment independent, suggesting that spiral galaxy formation mechanisms are similar in different environments. Absorption by the intrinsic dust influences the bright-end of the LF of spiral galaxies. After attenuation correction, the brightest spiral galaxies are still about 0.5 mag less luminous than the brightest elliptical galaxies, except in the least dense environment, where spiral galaxies dominate the LF at every luminosity. Despite the extent of the SDSS survey, the influence of single rich superclusters is present in the galactic LF of the densest environment.
Mechanisms of Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) Tolerance to Individual and Combined Stresses of Drought and Elevated Temperature

Rising temperatures and pronounced drought are significantly affecting biodiversity worldwide and reducing yields and quality of Brassica crops. To elucidate the mechanisms of tolerance, 33 kale accessions (B. oleracea var. acephala) were evaluated for individual (osmotic and elevated temperature stress) and combined stress (osmotic + temperature). Using root growth, biomass and proline content as reliable markers, accessions were evaluated for stress responses. Four representatives were selected for further investigation (photosynthetic performance, biochemical markers, sugar content, specialized metabolites, transcription level of transcription factors NAC, HSF, DREB and expression of heat shock proteins HSP70 and HSP90): very sensitive (392), moderately sensitive (395), tolerant (404) and most tolerant (411). Accessions more tolerant to stress conditions were characterized by higher basal content of proline, total sugars, glucosinolates and higher transcription of NAC and DREB. Under all stress conditions, 392 was characterized by a significant decrease in biomass, root growth, photosynthesis performance, fructan content, especially under osmotic and combined stress, a significant increase in HSF transcription and HSP accumulation under temperature stress and a significant decrease in NAC transcription under all stresses. The most tolerant accession under all applied stresses, 411 showed the least changes in all analyzed parameters compared with the other accessions.
Modular shadows and the Levy-Mellin infinity-adic transform

This paper continues the study of the structures induced on the ``invisible boundary'' of the modular tower and extends some results of math.NT/0102006. We start with a systematic formalism of pseudo-measures generalizing the well-known theory of modular symbols for SL(2). These pseudo-measures, and the related integral formula which we call the Levy-Mellin transform, can be considered as an ``infinity-adic'' version of Mazur's p-adic measures introduced in the seventies in the theory of p-adic interpolation of Mellin transforms of cusp forms. A formalism of iterated Levy-Mellin transform in the style of math.NT/0502576 is sketched. Finally, we discuss the invisible boundary from the perspective of non-commutative geometry.
A Decomposition of the Atmospheric and Surface Contributions to the Outgoing Longwave Radiation

The outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), which consists of the thermal radiation from both the atmosphere and surface, is of critical importance to the Earth radiation energy budget. To understand the global OLR distribution, it is important to quantify the varying atmospheric and surface contributions. In this work, we present such a quantification using radiative transfer computations based on global reanalysis atmospheric data. By dissecting the OLR simulated following the radiative transfer equation, we quantitatively measure the layer‐wise atmospheric contributions to OLR and compare it to the surface contribution in different spectral bands. One focus of this study is on the OLR in the far‐infrared (FIR), for which new satellites are expected to provide unprecedented measurements. We find that around 45% of the global mean OLR is radiated in the FIR and in polar regions the FIR contribution can increase to 60%. Our vertical decomposition of OLR discloses that although the atmospheric contribution generally surpasses the surface contribution, the enhanced FIR contribution in the polar regions mainly results from a relatively stronger surface (as opposed to atmospheric) contribution. This is allowed by the opening of the atmospheric window in the FIR in these extremely dry regions. Our analysis also reveals that the tropopause layer makes a minimum contribution to the OLR, which may be a unique spectroscopic feature of the Earth atmosphere. Clouds are found to reduce the atmospheric contribution in the FIR while enhancing it in the mid‐infrared.
Disintegration of Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) Shortly Before Perihelion: Evidence from Independent Data Sets

As an Oort Cloud object with a record small perihelion distance of 2.7 Rsun and discovered more than a year before its encounter with the Sun, comet C/2012 S1 is a subject of considerable scientific interest. Its activity along the orbit's inbound leg evolved through a series of cycles. Two remarkable events preserved in SOHO's and/or STEREO's near-perihelion images of its tail were an early massive production of gravel at heliocentric distances of up to ~100 AU, evidently by the annealing of amorphous water ice on and near the nucleus' surface; and, about a week before perihelion, a rapid series of powerful explosions, from the comet's interior, of water with dust at extremely high rates, causing precipitous fragmentation of the nucleus, shattering it into a vast number of sublimating boulders, and ending up, a few days later, with a major, sudden drop in gas emission. The disintegration of the comet was completed by about 3.5 hours before perihelion, at a heliocentric distance of 5.2 Rsun, when C/2012 S1 ceased to exist as an active comet. The orbital motion in this period of time was subjected to progressively increasing outgassing-driven perturbations. A comprehensive orbital analysis results in successfully fitting the comet's observed motion from 2011 to ~7 hours before perihelion.