Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disequilibrium Adjustment and the Rate of Tropical Deforestation

Tropical deforestation has been one of the most significant global environmental changes of recent decades and has spurned a substantial academic literature. Despite this, the most basic theoretical predictions — such as the role of income and population growth in driving forest changes — fail to be consistently confirmed in the empirical literature. We argue that part of this failure lies with the implicit assumption of instantaneous adjustment of forest cover to changes in determining variables; and we use dynamic panel data analysis to provide evidence that the agreement between theory and empirics can be substantially improved by paying more attention to disequilibrium adjustment processes. Additionally, our results suggest an important role for ethnic fractionalization in deterring deforestation but no evidence of an effect of corruption.
Connecticut's Day and Night Safety Belt Use

Safety belt use in the United States has risen steadily over recent years, reaching 80% in 2004. Yet, using the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatality Analysis Reporting System, safety belt use among fatally injured front-seat outboard occupants of passenger vehicles was only between 42% and 46% for the years 1999 to 2003. One possible explanation is that safety belt use is different during different times of the day. A full statewide nighttime belt use observation survey was conducted in 2004. This survey was conducted simultaneously with Connecticut's annual full statewide daytime belt use survey. Night belt use observations of drivers and passengers are possible using newly available "near-military-grade" night vision goggles and handheld infrared spotlights. Both day and goggle-assisted night observations were conducted at 100 observation sites in Connecticut. Procedures for day and night observations were as nearly identical as possible. The night belt use rate was 6.4 percentage points lower than the day rate (83.0 versus 76.6). Consistent with belt use among Connecticut fatalities, day versus night differences were greatest in urban areas. There was evidence that day versus night differences were greater before as compared to after a May 2004 belt use enforcement program.
Using oxygen and carbon stable isotopes, 53Mn-53Cr isotope systematics, and petrology to constrain the history of carbonates and water in the CR and CM chondrite parent bodies

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, United States Department of Energy, New Mexico Space Grant, Geological Society of America, Meteoritical Society, The Moore Foundation, University of New Mexico RPT grant, New Mexico Geological Survey Beverly Wellnitz Memorial Scholarship, University of New Mexico Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences Alumni scholarship
Does Self-congruence Mediate Brand Familiarity on Brand Attachment?

This study investigates how actual and ideal self-congruence regulate the relationship between brand familiarity and brand attachment. Quantitative research is part of this study. In this study, 200 respondents in total were used, with the sample method being purposeful random sampling. Structural equation modeling was applied to this study’s analysis. According to the study’s ﬁndings, brand familiarity inﬂuences actual and ideal self-congruence positively and sig-niﬁcantly, actual and ideal self-congruence positively and signiﬁcantly inﬂuences brand attachment, actual self-congruence partially mediates the effect of brand familiarity on brand attachment but ideal self-congruence does not mediate in the relationship between brand attachment. Future studies should be able to put this idea to the test utilizing an experimental research approach.
For peer review only Establishing a person -centred framework of self -identity after traumatic brain injury: a grounded theory study to inform measure development

Complete List of Authors: Levack, William; University of Otago, Rehabilitation Teaching & Research Unit, Department of Medicine Boland, Pauline; University of Otago, Rehabilitation Teaching & Research Unit, Department of Medicine Taylor, William; University of Otago, Rehabilitation Teaching & Research Unit, Department of Medicine Siegert, Richard; AUT University, Person Centred Research Centre, Division of Rehabilitation and Occupation Studies Kayes, Nicola; AUT University, Person Centred Research Centre, Division of Rehabilitation and Occupation Studies Fadyl, Joanna; AUT University, Person Centred Research Centre, Division of Rehabilitation and Occupation Studies McPherson, Kathryn; AUT University, Person Centred Research Centre, Division of Rehabilitation and Occupation Studies
An ontology for maintenance activities and its application to data quality

Maintenance of assets is a multi-million dollar cost each year for asset intensive organisations in the defence, manufacturing, resource and infrastructure sectors. These costs are tracked though maintenance work order (MWO) records. MWO records contain structured data for dates, costs, and asset identiﬁcation and unstructured text describing the work required, for example ‘replace leaking pump’. Our focus in this paper is on data quality for maintenance activity terms in MWO records (e.g. replace , repair , adjust and inspect ). We present two contributions in this paper. First, we propose a reference ontology for maintenance activity terms. We use natural language processing to identify seven core maintenance activity terms and their synonyms from 800,000 MWOs. We provide elucidations for these seven terms. Second, we demonstrate use of the reference ontology in an application-level ontology using an industrial use case. The end-to-end NLP-ontology pipeline identiﬁes data quality issues with 55% of the MWO records for a centrifugal pump over 8 years. For the 33% of records where a verb was not provided in the unstructured text, the ontology can infer a relevant activity class. The selection of the maintenance activity terms is informed by the ISO 14224 and ISO 15926-4 standards and conforms to ISO/IEC 21838-2 Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). The reference and application ontologies presented here provide an example for how industrial organisations can augment their maintenance work management processes with ontological workﬂows to improve data quality.
Title: Causal ambiguity: Shape-flip between product market competition at industry level and voluntary disclosure

This paper analyses the moderating effect of causal ambiguity on the relation between product market competition (i.e. product substitution) and firms’ voluntary disclosure behaviour. Our empirical results show a “shape-flipping function”. That is, we observe an inverse U-shaped relation between competition and disclosure when causal ambiguity is low. Such a relation gradually evolves towards a U shape as the level of causal ambiguity increases. Our theoretical explanation is that causal ambiguity relaxes or inhibits the intensity of the proprietary and agency costs of voluntary disclosure (underlying restrictions of competition), and simultaneously strengthens the subjacent incentives of competition to reveal information. We obtain empirical evidence of this global perspective based on logistic estimations of a sample of US manufacturing firms from 2002 to 2015. Our models use earnings per share (EPS) forecast as a proxy of voluntarily disclosed information, inverse margin rate as a proxy of product market competition at industry level, and several proxies of causal ambiguity (i.e. firm complexity and firm predictability).
Use of a split or single prostaglandin F (cid:21)(cid:302) treatment in a 6-day

The 6-d timed artificial insemination protocol has been designed to advance luteolysis after the first administration of GnRH so that the preovulatory follicular diameter at second GnRH is reduced and thereby pregnancy outcome may be improved. To achieve an earlier and complete luteolysis (5 to 6 d after the first GnRH treatment), an extra PGF 2α treatment must be administered to cows 24 h after the initial PGF 2α treat-ment. Although the use of 2 PGF 2α treatments increases labor costs resulting from the increased handling of cows, no alternative and efficient protocol with a single PGF 2α treatment has been found to date. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of a modified 6-d synchronization protocol on the luteolytic response and final preovulatory follicle diameter. The study followed a crossover design: 14 nonlactating dairy cows were included in 2 treatment doses. All cows received a presynchronization treatment consisting of 2 administrations of a PGF 2α analog (PGF) 14 d apart followed by treatment with GnRH 11 d later. After the first GnRH administration, one treatment consisted of 150 μg of d-cloprostenol 5 and 6 d later (split dose) and the other treatment consisted of 375 μg of d-cloprostenol as a single dose 6 d after the first GnRH (single large dose). All cows were then treated with a second GnRH 8 d after the first. The luteolytic response to treatment was evaluated by blood progesterone concentration and CL area regression –1 to 3 d relative to the last PGF treatment obtained by ELISA and ultrasonography, respectively. Fewer cows of the split dose tended to have complete luteolysis 3 d after the last PGF treatment compared with the cows of the single large dose (35.7 and 64.3%, respectively). The final preovulatory diameter of the dominant follicle was similar in cows from the split dose and single large dose (13.7 ± 0.3 and 13.1 ± 0.5 mm, respectively). Our results support the modification of the 6-d synchronization protocol by administering a single high dose of PGF 6 d after GnRH (with the subsequent reduction in labor resulting from reduced handling of animals) without detrimental effects on the luteolytic response of dairy cows and pre-ovulatory diameter of the dominant follicle compared with the original protocol. However, this modification of the 6-d synchronization protocol should be tested in a large field study involving fertility data with lactating cows before its use can be recommended.
Evaluation of habitat use by Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) in north-central New Mexico using global positioning system radio collars

In 1996 the authors initiated a study to identify habitat use in north-central New Mexico by Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) using global positioning system (GPS) radio collars. They collared six elk in the spring of 1996 with GPS radio collars programmed to obtain locational fixes every 23 h. Between April 1, 1996 and January 7, 1997, they collected >1,200 fixes with an approximately 70% observation rate. They have interfaced GPS locational fixes of elk and detailed vegetation maps using the geographical information system to provide seasonal habitat use within mountainous regions of north-central New Mexico. Based on habitat use and availability analysis, use of grass/shrub and pinon/juniper habitats was generally higher than expected during most seasons and use of forested habitats was lower than expected. Most of the collared elk remained on LANL property year-round. The authors believe the application of GPS collars to elk studies in north-central New Mexico to be a more efficient and effective method than the use of VHF (very-high frequency) radio collars.
Reinforcement on Students’ Scientiﬁc Literacy: Development of Worksheet Based Lynk

This study aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective work-sheet based Lynk to habituate students’ scientiﬁc literacy. Thiagarajan 4-D model (Deﬁne, Design, Development, and Disseminate) in Research and Development (R & D), were used as research method. This article reported the results of the development in the deﬁne stage. 10 teachers and 112 students in the Metro city, Indonesia were involved as research subjects. The questionnaire sheet was used to obtain data on the needs analysis of science worksheet based Lynk for elementary school. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that students need a worksheet based Lynk which are able to stimulate students learning, enhance students’ involvement in learning, and create a pleasant learning atmosphere. Based on the data, 82.73% of students agree for the necessity of a worksheet based Lynk development, with a validity value of 3.15 in the valid category and the reliability value of Cronbach’s alpha 0.928.
Presence of Type 1 Diabetes-Related Autoantibodies in Pediatric Population in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Background: Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D) is an autoimmune organ-specific disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations, in which the β cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are destroyed by the action of autoreactive T lymphocytes and the formation of autoantibodies against β cell components. Among used serological markers of T1D, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD65), anti-tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA2), islet cell antibodies (ICA), insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and anti-zinc transporter antibodies (Zn-T8) are of great significance. Objective: This study aimed to analyze presence of type 1 diabetes-related autoantibodies (GAD65, IA2, ICA, IAA and Zn-T8 and effects of age and gender on their occurrence in pediatric population. Methods: Sixty seven (N=67) T1D pediatric patients were included in the study. The levels of immunological parameters such as anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD-Ab), anti-tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA2-Ab), islet cell antibodies (ICA) and insulin autoantibodies (IAA) were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and anti-zinc transporter antibodies (Zn-T8-Ab) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For statistical analysis, we used SPSS statistical program. Results: Our study revealed that among 67 patients with T1D (40 male and 27 female), with an average age of 12,1±3,9 years. The average age of diabetes diagnosis was 6,15±3,29 years. 24 (35,8%) cases were positive for GAD65, 15 (22,4%) for ICA, 34 (50,7%) for IAA, 16 (23,9%) for IA2 and 36 (53,7%) for Zn-T8. The largest number of patients had single positive antibody, the most dominated among them was IAA dominated (40,9%), then Zn-T8 (31,8%). According to Spearman correlation test Zn-transporter shows a significant positive correlation with age of the participants (p=0.027) and disease duration (p=0.006). Anti IA2 shows significant negative correlation with HbA1c (p=0.043). Zn-transporter is associated with patients age and duration of T1D. Conclusion: In most cases, patients with T1D are positive for at least one of the specific autoantibodies. Zn-T8 is the most frequently detected and is an important serological marker of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Gender effects on autoantibodies seems to be insignificant, while age alongside disease duration shows important effects.
Parent-of-origin specific allelic associations among 106 genomic loci for age at menarche

Age at menarche is a marker of timing of puberty in females. It varies widely between individuals, is a heritable trait and is associated with risks for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and all-cause mortality 1 . Studies of rare human disorders of puberty and animal models point to a complex hypothalamic-pituitary-hormonal regulation 2,3 , but the mechanisms that determine pubertal timing and underlie its links to disease risk remain unclear. Here, using genome-wide and custom-genotyping arrays in up to 182,416 women of European descent from 57 studies, we found robust evidence ( P <5×10 −8 ) for 123 signals at 106 genomic loci associated with age at menarche. Many loci were associated with other pubertal traits in both sexes, and there was substantial overlap with genes implicated in body mass index and various diseases, including rare disorders of puberty. Menarche signals were enriched in imprinted regions, with three loci ( DLK1/WDR25 , MKRN3/MAGEL2 and KCNK9 ) demonstrating parent-of-origin specific associations concordant with known parental expression patterns. Pathway analyses implicated nuclear hormone receptors, particularly retinoic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid-B2 receptor signaling, among novel mechanisms that regulate pubertal timing in humans. Our findings suggest a genetic architecture involving at least hundreds of common variants in the coordinated timing of the pubertal transition.
Predictive Markers of LRRK2 Inhibition in Biofluids

Hyper-activated LRRK2 is linked to Parkinson’s disease susceptibility and progression. Quantitative measures of LRRK2 inhibition, especially in the brain, may be critical in the clinical development of successful LRRK2-targeting therapeutics. In this study, three structurally distinct, brain-penetrant, and selective LRRK2 small-molecule kinase inhibitors (PFE-360, MLi2, and RA283) were orally administered to groups of cynomolgus macaques at different doses. Biofluid markers with proposed predictive value for assessing LRRK2 inhibition were measured from samples of blood, urine, and cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF). LRRK2 kinase inhibition led to consistent reduced pS935-LRRK2 and pRab10 proteins in blood mononuclear cells, reduced exosome LRRK2 protein and di-docosahexaenoyl (22:6) bis (monoacylglycerol) phosphate in urine, and reduced exosome LRRK2 and autophosphorylated pS1292-LRRK2 protein in CSF. Incomplete LRRK2 kinase inhibition reduced LRRK2 protein secretion in exosomes whereas high drug exposures may reduce both exosome and tissue levels of LRRK2 protein. These orthogonal pairs of markers for LRRK2 inhibition in urine and CSF can be used in combination with blood markers to non-invasively monitor the potency of LRRK2-targeting therapeutics in the brain and periphery.
The features and geometry of tone in Laal

Abstract Features are standard in segmental analysis but have been less successfully applied to tone. Subtonal features have even been argued to be less satisfactory for the representation of African tone than tonal primitives such as H, M, L (Hyman 2010; Clements et al. 2010). I argue that the two-feature system of Yip (1980) and Pulleyblank (1986) offers a straightforward account of the tonology of Laal, an endangered, three-tone isolate of southern Chad – in particular properties of the Mid tone that are otherwise difficult to account for, namely the avoidance of complex patterns involving M, and a pervasive M-to-L lowering process, both straightforwardly analysed as subtonal assimilation. Other tonal operations in Laal are shown to involve full-tone behaviour, justifying a tone geometry à la Snider (1999, 2020) where subtonal features are linked to a Tonal Root Node, giving tones the ability to be either fully or partially active, just like segments.
Etude et simulations des phénomènes d'interactions satellite/plasma et de leurs impacts sur les mesures de plasmas basses énergies

Les satellites scientifiques sont immerges dans divers environnements spatiaux, entoures par des plasmas qu'ils sont supposes analyser, en utilisant des instruments de types detecteurs de particules. La presence de ces structures dans le plasma conduit a une variete d'interactions satellite/plasma complexes et inter-correlees. L'environnement spatial influence la structure du satellite qui modifie son environnement. Les instruments embarques mesurent un environnement perturbe et il est difficile de distinguer le signal naturel des mesures biaisees. Le but est d'etudier et d'ameliorer la comprehension des interactions satellite/plasma, au moyen de simulations numeriques effectuees avec le logiciel SPIS pour les basses energies (<100 eV) puisque ces particules sont les plus affectees par les perturbations. L'objectif est de comprendre les mesures de plasmas sur des cas realistes, en etablissant une methodologie de simulation de ces problematiques. Je simule les interactions ayant lieu entre les missions Solar Probe Plus, Solar Orbiter, Cluster dans leurs environnements respectifs et les mesures associees. L'analyse des resultats obtenus et leurs comparaisons a des donnees reelles permettent de comprendre les differents cas de figure et de valider la methodologie developpee au cours de cette these.
Tsetse distribution in the Mouhoun river basin (Burkina Faso) : the role of global and local geospatial datasets

In this study, we explore the potential of using select global geographic information system (GIS) datasets to map the distribution and densities of riverine tsetse fly at a local scale in the Mouhoun river basin (Burkina Faso). In particular, we analyse the correlation between low-resolution datasets that predict global and regional tsetse distribution and more than 800 trapping scores for Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank and G. tachinoides Westwood. The results show that these datasets with global or regional scope, including the Global Land Cover database for the year 2000 (GLC2000), are not suitable for use at a local scale (e.g. in designing baseline data collection protocols for vector control campaigns). On the other hand, higher resolution global datasets available in the public domain, namely the NASA Landsat Orthorectified Image Library (LOIL) and the HydroSHEDS drainage network, have great potential for mapping tsetse habitat when used in process-based models. (Resume d'auteur)
Inefficiencies and Market Power in Financial Arbitrage: A Study of California's Electricity Markets

For two years prior to the collapse of California's restructured electricity market, power traded in both a forward and a spot market for delivery at the same times and locations. Nonetheless, prices in the two markets often differed in significant and predictable ways. This apparent inefficiency persisted, we argue, because most firms believed that trading on inter-market price differences would yield regulatory penalties. For the few firms that did make such trades, it was not profit-maximizing to eliminate the price differences entirely. Skyrocketing prices in 2000 changed the major buyers' (utilities') incentives and exacerbated the price differentials between the markets. Copyright 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. and the Editorial Board of The Journal of Industrial Economics.
Surgical Management of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Secondary to Epidermoid Cysts: A Case Report With Review of the Literature

Epidermoid cysts represent roughly 1% of all intracranial tumors. They are frequently located in the cerebellopontine angle but rarely extend to the supratentorial brain. Epilepsy is an extremely uncommon manifestation of this neoplasm. We suggest the surgical management of a 35-year-old male who presented with a six-month history of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. His seizures were characterized by a focal onset in the form of déjà vu experiences, followed by a secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Imaging revealed a heterogeneous cystic mass in the right cerebellopontine angle, extending supratentorially causing a mass effect on the mesial temporal region. Gross total resection was achieved through a combined subtemporal-retrosigmoid approach. Histopathology revealed an epidermoid cyst. The patient was entirely seizure-free at the three-month follow-up. Epidermoid cysts may present with epileptic seizures. Seizure freedom can be achieved with surgical management in most cases. The patient’s symptoms, imaging findings, and epileptogenic focus must be considered to select the appropriate surgical strategy.