Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fishing Ground and Primary Production Analysis Based on DNB SNPP-VIIRS and Aqua-MODIS Imagery in Mentawai Island and Nias Waters

The study of fishing grounds in coastal areas is part of fisheries management activities, especially capture fisheries by coastal fishermen. The absence of GPS, AIS and VMS systems on traditional fishing boats causes difficulties in monitoring the fishing grounds (FG) of coastal fishermen in the waters of Nias Island and Mentawai Islands. The objectives of this study to assess the fishing ground area and analyse its seasonal variability based on fishing light boats (FLB) from the DNB SNPP-VIIRS satellite imagery and the primary productivity condition in FG area from Aqua-MODIS imagery in the Nias Island and Mentawai Islands waters. FG is determined based on the clustering point density method, and statistical correlation analysis. Based on the FLB imagery (2015-2020), peak season fishing operation occurred twice a year in January/February and June/July, while the lowest fishing season occurs in April and October. In general, there are four main locations of fishing grounds in the study area, i.e Sibolga waters, Batu Islands, Mentawai Island and West Sumatra coastal. The FLB can describe the location of FG spatial and temporally, and it was correlated with the bathymetry and chlorophyll-a concentration rather than primary production in the waters of Nias Island and Mentawai Islands. Spatial and temporally distribution the fishing grounds and its density change by seasonal and inter-annual variations. The lowest conditions occurred in 2016 and the highest in 2019 which were each influenced by the nIOD and pIOD phenomena.
Post-occupancy evaluation of thermal comfort at studio classroom in hot and humid climate

Thermal comfort is crucial in providing a productive learning environment, especially in the design studio classroom with a longer lecture duration (09.00-15.00). This study aims to investigate the thermal performance ability to provide thermal comfort for its users in a design studio classroom at Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Ninety-one students (20% Male, 80% Woman) aged 19-22 years old were surveyed about their thermal perspective by using TSV, TP, HSV, HP, metabolic rate (MET), and clothing insulation (clo). Field measurement recorded humidity and temperature conditions over two lecture periods. The indoor operative temperature for periods A and B was 27.28°C and 26.78°C, respectively, with TSV values in both periods within the comfort temperature range (mean: (A) -0.30, (B) -0.58). However, TP values suggest that the users prefer a slightly cooler condition with values of -1.53 and -1.12, respectively, for Periods A and B. The results show that studio classrooms can perform thermally well even though some users prefer slightly cooler temperatures. This study scored the necessity of understanding both subjective and objective aspects of thermal comfort to create an optimal learning environment. Findings suggest that further study should consider variations in individual preferences and the influence of external environmental factors.
Daylight performance of horizontal light pipe and shading systems in office room with bilateral opening

Daylighting implementation in the building can reduce building energy use. Previous research about Horizontal Light Pipe and shading systems in the Tropics examined daylighting strategies in a room with a unilateral opening, which receives daylight through a window in one wall. The bilateral openings from two adjacent side windows have the potential to improve daylight distribution and have yet to be discussed in previous research. This research evaluates the daylight level and distribution of HLP and shading systems in a room with a bilateral opening from two adjacent windows. The research method is experimental with simulation using IES-VE (Integrated Environment Solution-Virtual Environment) as a tool. The Daylight Factor (DF) and Uniformity Daylight Factor (UDF) of a room with bilateral openings from two adjacent windows were compared with a room with bilateral openings, HLP, and shading systems. The results indicate that integrating HLP and shading systems in an office room with two adjacent side windows decreases the average Daylight Factor (DF) by 48.74%, bringing the average DF fulfilling the recommended DF level for the office room. HLP and shading systems improve the Uniformity Daylight Factor and percentage of sensor points with DF 2-5%, as high as 56% and 67.38%, sequentially.
Phenotype and genotype of 15 Saudi patients with achromatopsia: A case series

PURPOSE: Achromatopsia is a rare stationary retinal disorder that primarily affects the cone photoreceptors. Individuals with achromatopsia present with photophobia, nystagmus, reduced visual acuity (VA), and color blindness. Multiple genes responsible for achromatopsia have been identified (e.g. cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit alpha 3 [CNGA3] and activating transcription factor 6). Studies have assessed the role of gene therapy in achromatopsia. Therefore, for treatment and prevention, the identification of phenotypes and genotypes is crucial. Here, we described the clinical manifestations and genetic mutations associated with achromatopsia in patients from Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This case series study included 15 patients with clinical presentations, suggestive of achromatopsia, who underwent ophthalmological and systemic evaluations. Patients with typical achromatopsia phenotype underwent genetic evaluation using whole-exome testing. RESULTS: All patients had nystagmus (n = 15) and 93.3% had photophobia (n = 14). In addition, all patients (n = 15) had poor VA. Hyperopia with astigmatism was observed in 93.3% (n = 14) and complete color blindness in 93.3% of the patients (n = 14). In the context of family history, both parents of all patients (n = 15) were genetic carriers, with a high consanguinity rate (82%, n = 9 families). Electroretinography showed cone dysfunction with normal rods in 66.7% (n = 10) and both cone–rod dysfunction in 33.3% (n = 5) patients. Regarding the genotypic features, 93% of patients had variants in CNGA3 (n = 14) categorized as pathogenic Class 1 (86.7%, n = 13). Further, 66.7% (n = 10) of patients also harbored the c.661C>T DNA variant. Further, the patients were homozygous for these mutations. Three other variants were also identified: c.1768G>A (13.3%, n = 2), c.830G>A (6.6%, n = 1), and c. 822G >T (6.6%, n = 1). CONCLUSION: Consanguinity and belonging to the same tribe are major risk factors for disease inheritance. The most common genotype was CNGA3 with the c.661C>T DNA variant. We recommend raising awareness among families and providing genetic counseling for this highly debilitating disease.
Positive psychology interventions for family caregivers coping with cancer: Who will use them?

Background Positive psychology-based (PPB) activities have been under-researched in cancer caregiving. Objective This study investigated caregiver: (1) attitudes toward using PPB activities while caregiving; and (2) characteristics associated with these attitudes. Methods Secondary analyses of a cross-sectional survey were conducted in a national caregiver sample of hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) patients. Survey items assessed caregivers’ likelihood of engaging in six PPB activities. Hierarchical regression was performed and potential predictors of PPB activity use (e.g., technology familiarity, coping style, caregiving duration) were examined. Results Most of the N = 948 respondents were White (78.9%), female (65.5%), married (86.7%), employed (78.4%), and college-educated (79.8%). Caregivers favorably disposed to positive activities were younger and female, provided care for 6–12 months and >40 h/week, and used coping styles involving religion and social support. Conclusions Our findings provide guidance for development and testing of PPB activities for cancer caregivers.
Extended depth of focus intraocular lens versus a new monofocal intraocular lens: A prospective comparative and interventional study

PURPOSE: To compare the visual outcome findings between a new monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) (Tecnis Eyhance) and extended depth of focus (EDOF) IOL (Appasamy Supraphob Infocus). METHODS: This prospective comparative interventional study evaluated 31 patients after implantation of Tecnis Eyhance (15 patients) and Supraphob EDOF IOL (16 patients). The uncorrected and corrected distance and intermediate and near visual acuity were measured at postoperative day 1, 1 week, 4 week, and 3 months. Contrast sensitivity, incidence of halos and glares, and patient satisfaction were assessed at 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The Tecnis Eyhance (n = 15) and Supraphob EDOF (n = 16) group were comparable with respect to all preoperative parameters including biometry, visual acuity, and cataract status. The average age distribution of participants was 56 ± 6 years. Postoperatively, both groups had similar distance and intermediate vision, but the near vision was significantly better in the EDOF group (P < 0.01) as compared to Tecnis Eyhance at 3 months. The contrast sensitivity and patient satisfaction were similar in both the groups. The incidence of halos and glares was present in the EDOF group, but it was statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION: The Tecnis Eyhance and Supraphob EDOF both were effective in improving distance and intermediate vision, but the near vision was significantly better in the EDOF group. Both the groups retained good contrast sensitivity and the majority of patients were satisfied.
Diabetes and diabesity in the view of proteomics, drug, and plant-derived remedies

Diabetes and obesity are highly prevalent in the world. Proteomics is a promising approach to better understanding enzymes, proteins, and signaling molecules involved in diabetes processes which help recognize the basis of the disease better and find suitable new treatments. This study aimed to summarize the molecular mechanisms from the beginning of insulin secretion in response to stimuli to the pathology of the insulin signaling pathway and, finally, the mechanisms of drugs/chemicals remedies that affect this process. The titles and subtitles of this process were determined, and then for each of them, the articles searched in PubMed and ScienceDirect were used. This review article starts the discussion with the molecular basis of insulin biosynthesis, secretion, insulin’s mechanism of action, and molecular aspect of diabetes and diabesity (a new term showing the relation between diabetes and obesity) and ends with the drug and plant-derived intervention for hyperglycemia.
The mechanisms and meteorological drivers of the ozone–temperature relationship

Abstract. Surface ozone (O3) pollution levels are strongly correlated with daytime surface temperatures, especially in highly polluted regions. This correlation is nonlinear and occurs through a variety of temperature dependent mechanisms related to O3 precursor emissions, lifetimes, and reaction rates, making the reproduction of temperature sensitivities – and the projection of associated human health risks – a complex problem. Here we explore the summertime O3–temperature relationship in the United States and Europe using the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. We remove the temperature dependence of several mechanisms most frequently cited as causes of the O3–temperature climate penalty, including: PAN decomposition, soil NOx emissions, biogenic VOC emissions, and dry deposition. We quantify the contribution of each mechanism to the overall correlation between O3 and temperature both individually and collectively. Through this analysis we find that the thermal decomposition of PAN can explain, on average, 20 % of the overall O3–temperature correlation in the United States. The effect is weaker in Europe, explaining 9 % of the overall O3–temperature relationship. The temperature dependence of biogenic emissions contributes 3 % and 9 % of the total O3–temperature correlation in the United States and Europe on average, while temperature dependent deposition (6 % and 1 %) and soil NOx emissions (10 % and 7 %) also contribute. Even considered collectively these mechanisms explain less than 46 % of the modeled O3–temperature correlation in the United States and 36 % in Europe. We use commonality analysis to demonstrate that covariance with other meteorological phenomena such as stagnancy and humidity can explain the bulk of the remainder of the O3–temperature correlation. Thus, we demonstrate that the statistical correlation between O3 and temperature alone may greatly overestimate the direct impacts of temperature on O3, with implications for the interpretation of policy-relevant metrics such as climate penalty.
Early childhood trajectories of domain-specific developmental delay and gestational age at birth: An analysis of the All Our Families cohort

Objective To describe developmental domain-specific trajectories from ages 1 through 5 years and to estimate the association of trajectory group membership with gestational age for children born between ≥34 and <41 weeks gestation. Methods Using data from the All Our Families cohort, trajectories of the domain-specific Ages & Stages Questionnaire scores were identified and described using group-based trajectory modeling for children born ≥34 and <41 weeks of gestation (n = 2664). The trajectory groups association with gestational age was estimated using multinomial logistic regression. Results Across the five domains, 4–5 trajectory groups were identified, and most children experienced changing levels of risk for delay over time. Decreasing gestational age increases the Relative risk of delays in fine motor (emerging high risk: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.19–1.80; resolving moderate risk: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03–1.21) and gross motor (resolving high risk: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04–1.42; and consistent high risk: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.20–2.24) and problem solving (consistent high risk: 1.58 (1.09–2.28) trajectory groups compared to the consistent low risk trajectory groups. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of longitudinal analysis in understanding developmental processes; most children experienced changing levels of risk of domain-specific delay over time instead of having a consistent low risk pattern. Gestational age had differential effects on the individual developmental domains after adjustment for social, demographic and health factors, indicating a potential role of these factors on trajectory group membership.
Unique phenotypic–genotypic correlation in Saudi patients with ALMS1 mutations

Mutations in the ALMS1 gene have been linked to isolated inherited retinal dystrophy or Alström syndrome. This report illustrates the unique pattern of ALMS1-associated diseases in a set of three simplex Saudi patients originating from unrelated consanguineous families. A detailed ophthalmological assessment was performed at the Department of Ophthalmology at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Next-generation sequencing vision panel revealed recessive ALMS1 mutations (reference sequence NM_015120). As a result, three distinct pathogenic ALMS1 mutations were identified; the first one is a nonsense mutation (c.8158C>T: p.R2720X) which has recently been identified in a Chinese patient, while the other two are known to have a founder effect in the Saudi population (the frameshift: C.848dupA: p.E283fs and the splicing: C.11870-2A>T: p.? ). Clinically, a prominent nerve fiber layer was observed in the three studied patients with variable expectations of vessel attenuation. In addition, two of our patients observed unusual presentation of specific retinal pigment epithelium pigmentations in semi/halo-arrangement around the macula. Thus far, our report expands the phenotypic–genotypic spectrum of ALMS1-associated diseases and supports the principles of applying precision medicine in Saudi Arabia by utilizing the fact that common founder mutations were identified and unique phenotype was observed.
Current status of and future issues related to endoscopic papillectomy

ABSTRACT Endoscopic papillectomy is widely performed to treat duodenal papillary tumors, particularly at high-volume centers. It is indicated for adenomas without intraductal extension of the bile or pancreatic ducts. However, despite numerous reports of carcinomas that expand the indications to include well-differentiated adenocarcinomas that do not invade the sphincter of Oddi, the low agreement between biopsy and final pathological diagnosis, as well as the current inability of imaging modalities to diagnose sphincter of Oddi invasion, makes it difficult to consider expanding indications. Although complications can be prevented by certain methods, such as pancreatic duct stenting, and the frequency of severe complications has decreased, the safety of the procedure remains unconfirmed. In the future, this technology is expected to progress and enable wider applications, including those in tumors with extensive horizontal spread and those with intraductal extension of the bile and pancreatic ducts. Such technology may also improve the safety and accuracy of diagnosis.
Comparative study of wound outcomes and surgical strategies: Internal fixation versus external stabilization in rib fracture patients with traumatic chest wounds

Abstract The clinical management of traumatic chest incisions accompanied by rib fractures presents the formidable challenge. The study was carried out to compare the outcomes of auscultatory triangle internal fixation (ATIF) and external fixation (EF) in such injuries. From June 2019 to June 2022, 105 patients with multiple rib fractures participated in the cohort study in which they were divided into two groups: 53 patients underwent ATIF and 52 patients underwent EF. The incidence of surgical site infection, wound healing time, incidence of wound dehiscence, number of dressing changes, pain as measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS), duration of hospitalization, period of return to work, pulmonary complications and functionality of the upper limbs as assessed by the Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire were among the parameters evaluated. In comparison with EF, ATIF demonstrated the decreased incidence of wound dehiscence (1.9% vs. 9.6%) (p < 0.05), surgical site infection (3.8 vs. 11.5) and wound healing time (12.3 ± 2.1 vs. 18.5 ± 3.7 days) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, during their ATIF treatment, patients required fewer changes of dressing (3.5 ± 0.8 vs. 5.7 ± 1.2) and demonstrated enhanced pain management, reduced hospital stays and expedited return to work (p < 0.05). ATIF group demonstrated enhancements in both upper limb functionality and post‐operative pulmonary function (p < 0.05). The utilization of ATIF as opposed to EF for the treatment of traumatic chest wounds accompanied by rib fractures yields superior outcomes in terms of wound healing, infection reduction and restoration of pulmonary and upper limb functionality.
Cosmic radio noise absorption in the high‐latitude ionosphere during solar wind high‐speed streams

The effect of solar wind high‐speed streams (HSSs) on energetic particle precipitation at auroral and subauroral latitudes (L = 3.8–5.7) is studied by using cosmic noise absorption (CNA) data measured by the Finnish riometer chain during 95 HSS events occurring between 2006 and 2008. The data are divided into “long” and “short” HSS events, depending on whether the maximum solar wind speed is reached within 24 h or later after the arrival of the corotating interaction region (CIR) at the bow shock. We find that CNA is more frequent during long events and extends to subauroral latitudes, unlike during short events. CNA is observed for at least 4 days after the CIR arrival during long events, and only 3 days during short events. In addition, CNA is divided into three categories, depending on whether it is associated with local substorm activity, with ultralow frequency (ULF) wave activity, or neither of these. Substorm‐type CNA dominates in the 21–06 magnetic local time (MLT) sector, while ULF‐type CNA dominates from morning to afternoon and follows the daily SYM‐H index variations. This indicates the importance of having energetic (E > 30 keV) electrons available for interacting with the very low frequency (VLF) chorus waves, which may be modulated by ULF waves. Finally, we find a correlation between ULF‐type CNA on the dayside and substorm activity on the nightside with a 30 min delay, suggesting that substorm injections energize electrons, which then drift to the morning and dayside, where they precipitate into the ionosphere.
BOLD Activation During the Application of MOXO-CPT in School Patients With and Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 3% of children in the world. Objective: In this work, we seek to compare the different brain activations of pediatric patients with and without ADHD. Methods: A functional resonance examination with BOLD contrast was applied using the MOXO-CPT test (Continuous Performance test with single and double visual-auditory distractors). Results: Differences in BOLD activation were observed indicating that control children regularly presented negative BOLD activations that were not found in children with ADHD. Inhibitory activity in audiovisual association zones in control patients was greater than in patients with ADHD. The inhibition in the frontal and motor regions in the controls contrasted with the overactivation of the motor areas in patients with ADHD, this, together with the detection of cerebellar activation which attempted to modulate the responses of the different areas that lead to executive failure in patients with ADHD. Conclusions: In view of these results, it can be argued that the lack of inhibition of ADHD patients in their executive functions led to a disorganization of the different brain systems.
Uranium isotope fractionation

This review focuses on the rapidly growing field of natural 238U/235U variability, largely driven by the technical advances in the measurement of U isotope ratios by mass spectrometry with increasing precision over the last decade. A thorough review on the application of the U-decay series systems within Earth sciences was published in Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (RiMG) volume 52 in 2003, and will not be discussed further within this review. Instead, this article will first focus on the basic chemical properties of U and the evolution of 238U/235U measurement techniques, before discussing the latest findings and use of this isotopic system to address questions within geochronology, cosmochemistry and Earth sciences. ### Uranium occurrence and properties Uranium constitutes one of the principal long-lived radioactive elements that was formed over the lifetime of the galaxy, then injected into the solar system and Earth when they formed more than 4.5 billion years ago (Ga; Dicke 1969). The discovery of the three naturally occurring radioactive decay chains of U and Th occurred around the start of the twentieth century (Becquerel 1896). The heat production from U decay, together with the decay of Th and K, provides the major radioactive heat source on Earth (e.g., Jaupart and Mareschal 2010). The ultimate decay of U to stable isotopes of Pb also forms the basis of one of the most important geochronometers for dating the Earth and solar system, namely the U–Pb or Pb–Pb dating systems (e.g., Patterson et al. 1955). In nature, U commonly occurs in two oxidation states, U+4 and U+6 (e.g., Langmuir 1978). Intermediate U+5 also occurs naturally, but is generally assumed to be unstable through disproportionation and therefore it is short-lived and uncommon in nature (e.g., Grenthe et al. 1992). Chemical species of U+4 are generally …