Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Efficiency of Lemna minor L. in the Phytoremediation of Romi Stream: A Case Study of Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company Polluted Stream. -

Abstract The study involved a laboratory experiment on the use of Lemna minor L.in the phytoremediation of a stream polluted by waste water from Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemical Company. The physiochemical characteristics of the waste water were determined before and after the treatment. The experiment lasted for three weeks and the rate of reduction was recorded. The highest rate of mean reduction were for heavy metals accounting 99.6%, 93.3%, 99.3%, 94.3%, 100% and 95.4% of Cd, Hg, Zn, Mn, Pb and Ag respectively. Other physiochemical parameters include Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 81.3%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 91.6%, Nitrate 93.3%, Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD) 68%, Conductivity 50.3%, Total suspended Solids (TSS) 77.3%, Turbidity 85%, 81% Total Solids (TS) and the pH were increase from 6.29 to 7.7. Lemna minor L. is a suitable candidate for effective phytoremediation of water from Romi stream. Key words: Efficiency, Lemna minor L. Phytoremediation, Romi Stream
Crystal Structures and Phase Transitions in the SrTiO3–SrZrO3 Solid Solution

Laboratory and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and neutron powder diffraction have been used to determine crystal structures in the perovskites SrTi{sub x}Zr{sub 1-x}O{sub 3}. Superlattice reflections in the neutron diffraction patterns proved to be the most reliable indicators of lower symmetry structures. The room temperature structures are orthorhombic Pbnm in the range of 0 {le} x {le} 0.4, tetragonal I4/mcm in the range 0.4 < x {le} 0.95, and cubic Pmm for 0.95 < x {le} 1. Additional measurements were made on the room-temperature tetragonal samples at x=0.5, 0.75, and 0.9. The first two were examined at elevated temperatures, using neutron diffraction methods, where the transition tetragonal to cubic was noted. Measurements at low temperatures using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction are reported.
Dynamics of star polymers in a good solvent: A Kramers potential treatment

The ‘‘effective’’ relaxation time τ of isolated star polymers with excluded volume interactions in the Rouse model limit (i.e., disregarding hydrodynamic interactions present in real solvents) is studied varying both the number of arms f and the number of monomers per arm l. Here τ is defined from the response of the gyration radius of the star polymer to a Kramers potential that describes the effect of shear flow in lowest order in the shear rate. Monte Carlo simulations are performed with two different techniques (simple sampling with enrichment or dynamic Monte Carlo, respectively) for two different models (simple self‐avoiding walks with an extended core or the bond fluctuation model, respectively). It is proposed that the ratio τ(f,l)/τ(1,l) should be a universal function of f for large l, and the Monte Carlo data are used to test this hypothesis.
High-consistency ozonation of hardwood kraft pulp

Abstract At present, ozone is one of the main chemicals in elemental chlorine-free (ECF) and totally chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching sequences. High consistency (HC) and medium consistency (MC) technologies are in use. This study shows that HC ozonation of hardwood kraft pulp, as expressed by the overall kappa number encompassing both hexenuronic acid groups and residual lignin, is a two-phase path. The reaction rate of the first phase is two- to three-fold higher than that of the second phase. We propose that the first phase is due to ozonation of both hexenuronic acid groups and residual lignin, whereas the second phase involves only residual lignin. The fiber width and wall thickness were relatively unchanged during ozonation. These results are in contrast to the “shrinking core kinetic model” frequently discussed in the context of HC ozonation. The development of pulp brightness and the decrease in pulp viscosity with the ozonation time are well correlated with the overall kappa number or the kappa number due to residual lignin alone.
Properties of coir dust, and its use in the formulation of soilless potting media

Abstract Data from two experiments have shown that for adequate growth of Petunia ’Celebrity Salmon’ in soilless potting media based on or containing coir dust it was necessary to amend the media with Ca, S, Cu and Fe. When coir dust is used as a direct replacement for natural peat, about 10 mg/L medium extra N per week must be provided. The high K content of coir dust means that fertilizers need not contain as much K as is normally used for plants in media based on other products. The high Cl content of some coir products requires that they be leached if they are to make up a high proportion of a medium. The low CEC of the coir products (21–30 m.m (+)/L, compared with 78 m.m (+)/L for a peat), indicates a low ability to retain cations and to buffer against pH change. Two coir products had lower air‐filled porosities than did the peat tested and they retained more water at 10 kPa suction.
Liquid structure of 1, 3-dimethylimidazolium salts

The structure of liquid 1, 3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate is described in detail and compared with the structure of 1, 3-dimethylimidazolium chloride. In each case, the data were obtained from neutron diffraction experiments and analysed using an empirical potential structure refinement process. Overall, the structures are similar; however, significant differences arise from the variation in anion size.
Chemical fate and transport in a domestic septic system: Unsaturated and saturated zone geochemistry

Monitoring the septic system at a single family home provides quantitative information on geochemical evolution of septic tank effluent along its travel path In both the unsaturated and saturated (groundwater) zones, microbiological and chemical reactions occur that bring the effluent closer to equilibrium with the subsurface conditions In the unsaturated zone, 90% of the DOC is removed from the effluent, mostly by aerobic oxidation, and NH+4 in the effluent is almost completely ox ldized to NO−3 As these reactions occur in the tile field, the oxygen content of the soil gas is partially depleted Calcite dissolution from the soils in the unsaturated zone buffers the acidity of the oxidation reactions and increases Ca2+ concentrations In the saturated zone, organic carbon oxidation in the effluent plume apparently decreases dissolved oxygen concentrations to <10 mg/L Potassium is retarded relative to other cations, and dissolved PO43 from the effluent is detectable in the ground water directly beneath the tile field but appears to be advancing very slowly, if at all, within the plume In addition NO3− concentrations remain above drinking-water standards (10 mg/L NO3 N) in the groundwater plume
Coordination Compounds of Bismuth. Bismuth(III) Derivatives of Di(o-Aminophenyl)Disulfide and Diw-Tolyl)Disulfide

Abstract Bismuth metal reacts with di(o-aminophenyl)disulfide (o-H2NC6H4S)2 and di(p-tolyl)disulfide (p-MeC6H4S)2 in refluxing toluene to give the compounds Bi(SC6H4NH2-o)3 and Bi(SC6H4Me-p)3 in high yield. The reaction of bismuth with a mixture of iodine and (o-H2NC6H4S)2 or (p-Me-C6H4S)2 gives the compounds BiI2(SC6H4NH2-o)2, BiI(SC6H4Me-p)2, BiI2(SC6H4NH2-o) and BiI2(SC6H4Me-p)2. Adducts of some of the above compounds with 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridyl were also prepared. The compounds and adducts were characterised by microanalyses, infrared, UV/Visible spectroscopy and conductivity measurements.
Modifying wood with bio-polyesters: Analysis and performance

Oligomers of lactic and glycolic acid (OLA, OGA) and poly(butylene succinate/adipate) (OBS, OBA) were impregnated and heated into wood for dimensional stabilisation. These bio-polyesters variously provide bulking and lumen filling treatments. Solvent extraction of treated wood showed that ca. 50% of the polymer remains in wood with in situ polymerisation evidenced by GPC. OGA readily penetrates the wood cell wall, which occurred only on heating OLA, whereas OBS/OBA was lumen filling with any cell wall penetration only evident after water soaking. Stability of OLA/OGA treated wood was improved, but did not withstand extended leaching, whereas OBS/OBA treated wood presented higher stability once leached. Bending resistance was influenced by OLA/OGA treatments, but original MOE values were recovered after leaching. Overall, the results show the bio-polyester treatment can confer specific properties of the modified wood to suit selected end use applications.
Sonoluminescence from Aqueous Alcohol and Surfactant Solutions

The sonoluminescence generated in water with pulsed 515 kHz ultrasound has been studied in the presence of different chain length (C1−C5) aliphatic alcohols and the surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC), and N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (DAPS). The ultrasound pulse widths used ranged from 1 to 10 ms, with duty cycles (on/off ratios) of 1:3 to 1:9. It was found that the sonoluminescence from the initial pulses was very low but increased in intensity and reached a maximum after 20−50 pulses, for all systems studied, depending on the pulse width and duty cycle. In the presence of alcohol the maximum signal decreased with increasing alcohol concentration, and the signal decline was more pronounced with increasing chain length of the alcohol. A good correlation was found to exist between the decline in the sonoluminescence signal and the Gibbs surface excess of the alcohol at the air/water interface. In the presence of SDS (an anionic surfacta.
General purpose Freundlich isotherms for cadmium, copper and zinc in soils

Assessing the accumulation and transport of trace metals in soils and the associated toxicological risks on a national scale requires generally applicable sorption equations. Therefore Freundlich equations were derived for Cd, Zn and Cu using multiple linear regression on batch sorption data from the literature with a wide variety of soil and experimental characteristics, and metal concentrations ranging over five orders of magnitude. Equations were derived based on both total dissolved metal concentrations and free metal activities in solution. Free metal activities were calculated from total metal concentrations taking into account ionic activity, and inorganic (all metals) and organic complexation (Cu only). Cadmium and Zn were present in solution predominantly as free ions, while Cu was present as organic complexes. Since actual dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were not available they were estimated using an empirical field relation between DOC and organic matter content. The logarithmic transformation of the Freundlich constant for Cd was regressed on the logarithmic transformations of cation exchange capacity (CEC) (H+) and dissolved Ca, and for Zn with CEC and (H+). For Cu the log–log regression model of the Freundlich constant included the solid:solution ratio of the batch to account for dilution of DOC in the batch as compared with the field. The explained variance for the fitted Freundlich equations was 79% for Cd, 65% for Cu and 83% for Zn, using log‐transformed adsorbed concentrations and soil solution activities. The Freundlich adsorption models underestimated metal contents determined from 1 m HNO3 digestion on field samples, up to a factor of 6 (Cd and Cu) or 10 (Zn).
Inadaptación escolar y percepción personal de futuro durante la adolescencia temprana

espanolDurante la etapa de Educacion Secundaria Obligatoria los alumnos experimentan una creciente presion hacia sus resultados academicos, ademas de una preocupacion por la toma de decisiones que sobre su futuro en breve deben tomar. Nuestro objetivo es conocer las posibles relaciones entre la adaptacion escolar de 355 adolescentes y sus expectativas de futuro. Se realizaron dos recogidas de datos (1o y 2o de ESO). La adaptacion escolar se midio con el Test Autoevaluativo Multifactorial de Adaptacion Infantil (TAMAI) (Hernandez, 1996), cumplimentado por los chicos, y con el EA-P (Cava y Musitu, 1999), cumplimentado por sus tutores. Estudiamos las posibles diferencias relacionadas con caracteristicas sociodemograficas. Los resultados mostraron diferencias en las expectativas de futuro de estos chicos relacionadas con algunas caracteristicas personales, sobre todo en relacion a su ajuste y adaptacion escolar. Los chicos mostraron expectativas futuras mas bajas que las chicas. Ademas, se encuentran mas inadaptados escolarmente. Esta inadaptacion escolar es mayor en chicos procedentes de familias desestructuradas y/o con importantes necesidades economicas. Los chicos que en 1o de ESO mostraron peores expectativas de futuro eran los que en 2o de ESO mostraban una mayor inadaptacion escolar. Nuestro trabajo evidencia las relaciones entre aspectos motivacionales (expectativas) y adaptacion escolar real. EnglishDuring the stage of compulsory Secondary Education students experience a growing pressure on their academic results. Besides, they are worried about the decisions that they have to make shortly related to their future. The aim of this study is to understand the possible relationships between school adjustment and future expectations of 355 adolescents. Two data collections were performed (1st and 2nd Secondary Education). School adjustment was measured with the self reported multifactor test of child adjustment (TAMAI) (Hernandez, 1996), provided by all the children and the EA-P (Cava and Musitu, 1999), completed by their teachers. We studied the possible differences related to sociodemographic characteristics. The results showed differences in these children’ future expectations related to personal characteristics, especially in relation to their school adjustment. The boys showed lower future expectations than girls. Furthermore, they are more academically misfits. This school maladjustment is higher in children from dysfunctional families and / or from families who have significant financial needs. The children who showed the worst future expectations in 1st ESO were those who showed greater school maladjustment in 2nd ESO. This study shows the relationships between motivational aspects (expectations) and actual school adjustment.
Extrusion of Maize–Cowpea Blends in a Modified Oil Expeller

A laboratory oil expeller was modified by using a press cylinder without openings for expelling the oil. Central composite rotatable design for k = 3 was used to study the effects of process variables, cowpea level (0-25%), feed moisture (10-25%) and barrel temperature (130-200°C) on product indices (moisture, expansion index, bulk density, water absorption, extractable solids, swell volume and the degree of gelatinisation of flour from the extrudate). Regression models developed to predict product indices were significant and showed no significant lack of fit. The model for moisture content of the extrudate had an R 2 of 0.98. Product moisture was influenced by the amount of cowpea in the feed, the temperature of extrusion and feed moisture. Furthermore, the product moisture measured at each cowpea level was dependent on the temperature of extrusion. The model for product expansion index showed that this index decreased with feed moisture and the cowpea level. Regression models for bulk density, water absorption, extractable solids and the maximum swell volume of flour from the extrudate were influenced by the process variables. The degree of gelatinisation decreased with cowpea level and increased with extrusion temperature.
Rheological Behavior of Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/Fullerene C60 Complexes in Aqueous Medium

Aqueous solutions of complexes formed between poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), as a matrix polymer, and fullerene C60 were investigated. The effect of the external hydrodynamic field on the supermolecular assemblies formed by the complexes was analyzed. Despite the low content in the complexes (1.5 mass%), fullerene significantly modified the viscosity of aqueous PVP. Thus, the dynamic viscosity of the PVP/C60 complexes grew faster than that of the pure PVP upon increasing the PVP/C60 concentration. The difference in viscosities is especially pronounced for semidilute solutions. As a possible explanation, it is assumed that fullerenes act as crosslinks, in addition to the physical entanglements of the PVP macromolecules, which appear in the vicinity of the crossover concentration. Shear flow corresponding to the high shear rates destroyed fullerene‐induced intermolecular crosslinks in PVP/C60 solutions.
Structure and Function of Subtilisin BPN‘ Solubilized in Organic Solvents

Enzyme structure and function have been studied for subtilisin BPN‘ solubilized in organic solvents by ion pairing with low concentrations of an anionic surfactant (Aerosol OT) in the absence of reversed micelles. Soluble subtilisin shows strikingly different behavior in octane and tetrahydrofuran (THF). In octane, the kcat/Km for the transesterification of N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine ethyl ester (APEE) is 370 M-1 s-1, within one order of magnitude of the enzyme's hydrolytic activity in water. Moreover, the observed half-life of the soluble enzyme in octane is nearly three orders of magnitude greater than in water, presumably because of the absence of autolysis in the organic solvent. In contrast, the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme dissolved in the polar solvent THF is 0.04 M-1 s-1, and the enzyme loses 99% of its activity within 10 min. Comparable enzyme inactivation could also be observed in octane, but only at elevated temperatures such as 70 °C. Therefore, the mechanisms of deactivation of the solubl.
Polymorphism of phospholipid monolayers

2014 Monolayers of synthetic lecithins as well as phosphatidic acid at different stages of ionization were studied with the film balance technique at pressures above the lateral vapour pressure. Pressure (03C0) versus area (a) curves (isotherms) and, by application of a special technique, area (a) versus temperature (T) curves (isobars) were recorded. From these data, plots of the lateral compressibility, ~, as a function of lateral lipid density (a-1) and of the thermal expansion coefficient, 03B1, as a function of temperature (T) were obtained. The well known transition (at T = TM) between the expanded (fluid) and the condensed (crystalline) states of the films, called the main transition, is characterized by a non-horizontal deflection of the isotherms (and isobars) in the coexistence region. A pronounced hysteresis shows that it is a first order transition. Two additional phase transitions, one at T > TM (fluid region) and one at T TM (crystalline region), were revealed by breaks in the slopes of the isotherms and the isobars. Discontinuities in the compressibilities and in the expansion coefficients show that these transitions are of second order. A flow experiment showed : that the fluid ~ fluid transition is also characterized by a pronounced discontinuity in viscosity. In fatty acid monolayers the transition (at T TM) between two crystalline states is of weak first order ( 2014 10 J./Mole). LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 39, MARS 1978,
Essential oils of three Salvia species from the Pannonian part of Serbia

The essential oils of Salvia reflexa Hornem. , S. nemorosa L. and S. glutinosa L. , collected from the Pannonian part of Serbia have been studied. The oil content was determined gravimetrically in n-hexane and it ranged from 0.06-0.142%. The percentage yields of oil were low, therefore investigated species could be assigned to the group of oil-poor members of the family Lamiaceae. The essential oil composition was analysed by GC-MS. In S. reflexa 27 constituents were identified, 23 in S. nemorosa, and 13 in S. glutinosa. In all samples the oil was characterized by high content of sesquiterpenes. The major constituents in S. reflexa oil were palmitic acid (28.02%) and sesquiterpene alcohol spathulenol (22.55%), while in the oil of S. nemorosa and S. glutinosa oxygenated sesquiterpene caryophyllene oxide was the main compound, averaged 23.36% and 33.34%, respectively. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Degree of Practicing Modern Trends in Teaching Arabic Language by Teachers of Arabic from Their Point of View

The aim of this study is to identify the degree of practicing teaching of teachers of Arabic in the Zarqa Educational Second Directorate and their modern trends in teaching Arabic language from their point of view. To achieve the objectives of the study, researcher developed a questionnaire consisted of (40) items and applied to a random sample of (120) teachers who are teaching in the second semester of the academic year (2013/ 2014) . The results showed that the degree of practicing for both male and female teachers is moderate; there were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (a = 0.05) due to the sex variable in favor of the female teachers and there is no statistically significant differences at the significance level (a=0.05) due to the years of experience. I have a number of recommendations at the end of the study.
Analysis of soil fertility and its anomalies using an objective model

In this work, the use of an objective method, the formulation of the Rasch measurement model, which synthesizes data with different units into a uniform analytical framework, is considered to get representative measures of soil fertility potential in an experimental field. Thus, two types of information about the soil were obtained from soil samples taken at 70 locations: first, the textural components were determined, and, secondly, deep (ECa-90) and shallow (ECa-30) soil apparent electrical conductivity, approximately 0–90 and 0–30 cm depths, respectively, were measured. A latent variable, denominated soil fertility potential, was defined. It is supposed, and later it is verified, that all soil properties previously indicated have a marked influence on the latent variable. The adequate assignment of categorical values across properties measures and the good fit of the data are checked as a previous phase to properly compute the Rasch measures. After applying the Rasch methodology, it was obtained that both electrical conductivities are the most influential properties on soil fertility potential, getting moreover a ranking of all soil samples according to their fertility potential and the unexpected behaviors, called misfits, of some soil samples, which constitute a very useful information to better match soil and crop requirements as they vary in the field, being a rational basis for a site-specific crop management.
Lattice Contraction and Surface Stress of fcc Nanocrystals

General equations for lattice contraction and surface stress of fcc nanocrystals are established based on the Laplace−Young equation and a consideration for the size-dependence of the solid−liquid interface energy. The predictions of our equations are in agreement with the experimental results on the measurement of lattice contraction and surface (interface) stress of nanoparticles and thin films and theoretical calculations.
Stability of Ion Pairs of Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide-Based Ionic Liquids in Dichloromethane

The ion pair formation constants at infinite dilution (KIP0) of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([NTf2]−) salts in dichloromethane were determined conductometrically at 298.2 K. The cations used were nine monovalent organic ions having similar molecular size, i.e., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([BuMeIm]+), 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ([BuMe2Im]+), 1-butylpyridinium ([BuPy]+), 1-propyl-2,3,5-trimethylpyrazolium ([Me3PrPyra]+), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium ([BuMePyrr]+), 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium ([MePrPip]+), methyltripropylammonium ([MePr3N]+), propyltrimethylammonium ([Me3PrN]+), and tetraethylammonium ([Et4N]+), where the results for [BuMeIm]+, [BuMe2Im]+, and [Et4N]+ were cited from our previous study. It was found from the KIP0 values that the ion pair stability varies with the cation in the order [BuMeIm]+ > [Me3PrN]+ > [BuPy]+ ≥ [BuMePyrr]+ ≥ [MePrPip]+ > [MePr3N]+ ≥ [Et4N]+ ≈ [BuMe2Im]+ ≥ [Me3PrPyra]+, which was explained on the basis of the structures of the cations. For the salts used,.