Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic hydrolysis of Canna indica, Manihot esculenta and Xanthosoma sagittifolium native starches below the gelatinization temperature

The susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis of starch extracted from raw roots of Canna indica, Manihot esculenta and Xanthosoma sagittifolium, grown in Bolivia, were studied below the gelatinization temperature. The granule size and amylose content were as followed: C. indica>M. esculenta>X. sagittifolium. The hydrolysis showed a rapid rate at the initial stage, followed by a progressive decrease thereafter. At 30, 40 and 50 degrees C, during the initial stage, the rate of hydrolysis was observed to be influenced by the size of the granules, being the highest for the small sized granules X. sagittifolium, followed by the medium sized granules M. esculenta and the lowest rate was for the large sized granules C. indica starch. During the slow phase, A-type M. esculenta and B-type C. indica showed higher hydrolysis rates than A-type X. sagittifolium. At 60 degrees C, a positive correlation was found between the amylose content and the rate of hydrolysis among the starches. Microscopic observations showed a pattern of attack by the enzyme towards C. indica starch granules, suggesting that high amylose content is concentrated around the hilum. (Less)
Diversity patterns of free‐living marine nematodes in the southwest continental shelf off Bay of Bengal and their link to abiotic variables

Marine sediments in continental shelf ecosystems harbor a rich biodiversity of benthic communities. In this study, the spatial and temporal diversity and community assemblages of free-living marine nematodes were studied by sampling at six depths and over 3 years from the southwest continental shelf off Bay of Bengal, one of the least explored tropical shelf ecosystems. The dominant marine nematode species were related with abiotic variables as part of this study. The effects of sediment granulometry generally decreased with increasing depth and the highest nematode density and species diversity were recorded on coarse sand (shallower depths). Multivariate analysis of the nematode community data showed that community structure differed significantly among depths as well as among years. Statistical analyses showed significant correlations between the nematode community and abiotic variables. Sediment texture, organic matter, water pressure and depth profile were crucial factors for determining diversity, vertical profile and feeding types of the nematode community. Other environmental factors, including anthropogenic pressure, did not have an effect on nematode diversity except for the presence of some tolerant species (Metachromadora spp., Sabatieria spp. and Siplophorella sp.). This study represents a baseline of knowledge of free-living marine nematode communities that can be used in the future to compare nematode assemblages from temperate shelf ecosystems.
Development of free amino acids in Appenzeller, Emmentaler, Gruyère, Raclette, Sbrinz and Tilsiter cheese

Summary - The free amino acid development of Appenzeller, Emmentaler, Gruyere, Raclette, Sbrinz and Tilsiter chee se is described. During the first five months of cheese ripening, the total amount of the free amino acids increases by 140-290 mg kg-I per day. Gruyere shows the highest increase for 15 amino acids, Appenzeller for valine, methionine, phenylalanine and ornithine, Raclette for Œ- and y-amino butyric acid, Emmentaler for alanine and Sbrinz for arginine. High quality cheese shows higher relative amounts of aspartic acid, asparagine and arginine and lower relative amounts of glycine, alanine, valine, methionine and isoleucine. The significant differences for Emmentaler were reversed for asparagine, alanine and methionine.
Borboletas e Mariposas (Insecta: Lepidoptera) do Município de Joaçaba, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil

Pela primeira vez e apresentada uma lista de Lepidoptera registrados no municipio de Joacaba, estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os individuos foram coletados entre os anos de 2006 e 2010 em diferentes ambientes resultando em 58 especies pertencentes a dez familias. As familias mais abundantes foram Nymphalidae e Saturniidae, representando 34,48% e 24,13% da riqueza de especies respectivamente. Alem disso, os generos mais representativos de Nymphalidae foram Morpho (tres especies) e Hamadryas (duas especies), enquanto que em Saturniidae foram Rothschildia (tres especies) e Automeris (duas especies). Butterflies and moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in the Municipality of Joacaba, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil Abstract. For the first time is presented a list of Lepidoptera recorded in the municipality of Joacaba, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The individuals were collected between the years 2006 and 2010 in different environments resulting in 58 species belonging to ten families. The most abundant families were Nymphalidae and Saturniidae, representing 34,48% and 24,13% of the species richness respectively. In addition, the most representative genera of Nymphalidae were Morpho (three species), and Hamadryas (two species), while in Saturniidae were Rothschildia (three species) and Automeris (two species).
De‐hairing activity of extracellular proteases produced by keratinolytic bacteria

The depilatory activity of keratinolytic bacteria was investigated. Three keratinolytic bacteria isolated from feather waste were tested for their ability to grow in mineral medium containing bovine hair as sole carbon, nitrogen and energy source. The strains kr2, kr6 and kr10 grew well on bovine hair, producing proteolytic activity as judged by assay with azokeratin as substrate. The proteolytic enzymes from all three strains showed similar pH and temperature optima. Strain kr2 showed mainly serine-type protease activity, whereas kr6 and kr10 enzymes showed metalloprotease characteristics. The culture supernatants were used as crude enzyme preparations for depilatory studies on bovine pelts. All three strains were efficacious in promoting de-hairing. Microscopic analysis revealed that the epidermis was completely removed and the absence of hair in follicles was observed. Proteases of keratinolytic bacteria were efficient in promoting depilation of bovine pelts. Enzymatic de-hairing represents a suitable alternative to the conventional tannery process, with the benefit of avoiding environmental pollution. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of Organic Selenium-Enriched Yeast Supplementation in Finishing Sheep Diet on Carcasses Microbiological Contamination and Meat Physical Characteristics

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of feeding Pelibuey sheep on diet supplemented with different doses of organic selenium (Se)-enriched yeast on carcasses microbiological contamination and meat physical characteristics. The experiment was conducted during the finishing stage of 18 female sheep and lasted for 60 days. In a complete randomized design, sheep were distributed to one of three treatments: the control without Se-yeast (T1), the control supplemented with Se-yeast at 0.35 mg Se/kg DM (T2), and control supplemented with Se-yeast at 0.60 mg Se/kg DM (T3). The yeast product used was Selyeast 3000TM yeast (LFA Lesaffre, Toluca, Mexico) with a Se concentration of 3000 ppm (mg/kg). Lambs were slaughtered at the end of the experiment at an average weight of 39.5±4.41 kg and samples were taken for microbiological analysis. There were no differences between treatments (P>0.05) and the aerobic plate counts for T1, T2 and T3 had indexes of 0.10, 0.08 and 0.08 log10CFU/cm2, respectively. Total coliform counts obtained were 0.13, 0.10 and 0.09 log10 CFU/cm2 for T1, T2 and T3, respectively, and the faecal coliform counts were 0.09 log10CFU/cm2 for T1, 0.06 log10CFU/cm2 for T2 and 0.07 log10 CFU/cm2 for T3. No significant effects (P>0.05) were observed for carcasses physical characteristics of microbial growth, initial and ultimate pH and temperature, colour values and water holding capacity. It can therefore be concluded that organic Se-enriched yeast did not affect carcasses bacterial proliferation or meat physical characteristics.
Somaclonal variation in tomato L. pennelli and L. peruvianum f. glandulosum characterized in respect to salt tolerance

The aim of the study was to induce somaclonal variability in callus culture of two wild tomato species Lycopersicon pennelli and Lycopersicon peruvianum f. glandulosum and to characterize them in respect to tolerance to salinity. The selection for tolerance was conducted in two stages – callus and plant. The increase in callus weight after 7 weeks of culture and development of plantlets (shoots and roots) after 4 weeks constituted the tolerance to salinity index. The plants were regenerated by somatic embryogenesis. Differences between the selected tolerant and non-tolerant clones as well as the control were determined at the DNA level using the ISSR-PCR technique.The results indicate that the development of the callus of both tomato species on a medium containing NaCl was limited by the level of 150 and 200 mM. On media containing 25-100 mM NaCl the L. peruvianum f. glandulosum callus showed a higher tolerance to the stress factor applied. Tomato clones, grown from a callus tolerant to the salt stress (100 mM NaCl), differed in their tolerance to salinity and only four of them (in both species) proved to be tolerant clones. Differences between tolerant and non-tolerant clones may be considered to be determined genetically. This is confirmed by the presence of specific ISSR loci within the genotype of each of the groups mentioned.
Linkage of an Alternaria Disease Resistance Gene in Mandarin Hybrids with RAPD Fragments

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. breeding, BSA, Citrus reticulata, JOINMAP, PCR ABSTRACT. The inheritance of resistance to a host-specifi c isolate (Shinn) of Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr.) Keissl. from ʻMin- neolaʼ tangelo (a cross between Citrus paradisi Macf. ʻDuncanʼ and C. reticulata Blanco ʻDancyʼ) was shown to be controlled by a single recessive allele, aaM1, within the citrus genome. A backcross between resistant ʻClementineʼ mandarin (C. reticulata) and susceptible LB#8-10 (a hybrid of ʻClementineʼ mandarin and ʻMinneolaʼ tangelo) resulted in 61 resistant (R) and 58 susceptible (S) plants (χ 2 = 0.0756, P ≥ 0.05), but the reciprocal cross deviated from the expected 1R:1S ratio (87 R and 36 S plants (χ 2 = 21.1463, P ≥ 0.05). A dominant allele, AaM1, of this resistance gene was found in a loose coupling phase linkage with two RAPD markers, P12850 (15.3 cM) and AL31250 (36.7 cM), after JOINMAP computer analysis.
Response of Weed Management Practices on the Growth and Yield of Urdbean { Vigna mungo L. Hepper}

A field Investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of hand weedings and herbicides on the weed flora, growth and yield of urdbean (Vigna mungo). The experiment was conducted in a randomised block design replicated four times with seven treatments viz., weedy check, one hand weeding on 20 DAS, two hand weedings on 20 and 40 DAS, f1uchloralin and pendimethalin each @ 0.5 and 1.0 kg/ha. All the weed control treatments significantly increased the growth and yield components and final yield of urdbean, attributable to reduced weed competition for nutrients, moisture, light and space. In respect of weed biomass and weed count, weedy check treatment recorded the highest value and twice hand weeding on 20 and 40 DAS gave the least value, followed by pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha.
Treatment of Colored Effluents with Lignin-Degrading Enzymes: An Emerging Role of Marine-Derived Fungi

Some of the industries that discharge highly colored effluents are paper and pulp mills, textiles and dye-making industries, alcohol distilleries, and leather industries. Terrestrial white-rot basidiomycetous fungi and their lignin-degrading enzymes laccase, manganese-peroxidase and lignin peroxidases are useful in the treatment of colored industrial effluents and other xenobiotics. Free mycelia, mycelial pellets, immobilized fungi or their lignin-degrading enzymes from terrestrial fungi have been reported in treatment of several effluents. Marine obligate or facultative (marine-derived) fungi may have unique properties but have not been explored sufficiently for this purpose. This article presents a critical review of bioremediation potential of such fungi and their lignin-degrading enzymes in comparison with the state-of-the-art in terrestrial white-rot fungi.
Rules

(2) This chapter carries out the directive to the Commissioner of Labor and Workforce Development under T.C. A. §§ 50-3-201 and 50-3-202. It adopts occupational safety and health standards which are the federal standards relating to the same issue, and state standards required for effective enforcement of the Act that are of a general or a specific nature in providing occupational safety and health protection.
Identification of dipteran species of forensic entomology importance in summer season in Edirne

This study, performed in order to determine the dipteran species of forensic entomology importance at high temperatures, was carried out from 20 May to 12 September, 2008. The most important insect species are included particularly in Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae and Muscidae families of Diptera. Pig carrions and bovine viscera were put in iron cages inside Balkan Campus of Trakya University to monitor and identify the dipteran species attracted. Observations and sampling were performed twice a day, one in the morning and one in the afternoon. Collected specimens were identified and Calliphora vicina, C. vomitoria, Chrysomya albiceps, Lucilia coeruleiviridis, L. cuprina, L. sericata and Pollenia angustigena from Calliphoridae and Sarcophaga africa from Sarcophagidae were determined. L. coeruleiviridis, L. cuprina and P. angustigena are first records for Turkish Diptera fauna.
Within-group spatial position in ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua): Balancing predation, feeding success, and social competition

of the Dissertation Within-group spatial position in ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua): balancing predation, feeding success, and social competition by Benjamin Thomas Hirsch Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropological Sciences Stony Brook University 2007 Advisor Charles Janson Several factors shape the within-group spatial position preferences of animals, most notably; predation, dominance rank, food abundance and depletion time, and prior knowledge of food location. Individuals are predicted to choose spatial positions which maximize their personal fitness, and various factors can affect the costs and benefits of these spatial positions. The total summed spatial position preferences of all group members determines the group geometry which has a major effect on the type and degree of feeding competition, and thus impacts social structure. I first present a qualitative
Rathayibacter gen, nov., Including the Species Rathayibacter rathayi comb , nov,, Rathayibacter tritici comb , nov,, Rathayibacter iranicus comb, nov., and Six Strains from Annual Grasses

A new genus, Rathayibacter, is proposed to accommodate three species of gram-positive, aerobic, coryneform bacteria previously placed in the genus Clavibacter (Rathayibacter rathayi comb. nov., Rathayibacter tritici comb. nov., and Rathayibacter iranicus comb. nov.), as well as six strains that were isolated from annual cereal grasses, may be responsible for ryegrass toxicity, and are very similar to the recently described organism Clavibacter toxicus sp. nov. (I. T. Riley and K. M. Ophel, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 42:64-68, 1992). The properties of members of the genus Rathayibacter include coryneform morphology, peptidoglycan based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (type B2γ), predominant menaquinones of the MK-10 type, and phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as basic polar lipids. The DNA base compositions range from 63 to 72 mol% G+C. The members of the new genus form a phenetic cluster distinct from Clavibacter spp. at a level of 71% (simple matching coefficient) and exhibit 7 to 9% DNA-DNA reassociation with strains of Clavibacter spp. In contrast to Clavibacter spp. , most Rathayibacter strains are associated with nematodes belonging to the genus Anguina. The Rathayibacter species differ from species belonging to related genera (e.g., Clavibacter and Agromyces species) in the following characteristics: Menaquinone and whole-cell sugar compositions, results of lysozyme-sodium dodecyl sulfate test (which indicates differences in cell wall composition), ability to utilize a number carbon sources, resistance to bacteriocins of some Clavibacter spp. , and other characteristics. The Rathayibacter species can be differentiated from each other by following characteristics: Presence or absence of xylose and galactose in the cell walls, fatty acid composition, ability to assimilate various sources of carbon and nitrogen, hydrolytic activity, tolerance to 5% NaCI and 0.03% potassium tellurite, susceptibility to iranicin, and absence or presence of plasmids of certain sizes. The type species of the genus Rathayibacter is R. rathayi. The type strains of the species are R. rathayi VKM Ac-1601 (= ICMP 2574), R. iranicus VKM Ac-1602 (= ICMP 3496), and R. tritici VKM Ac-1603 (= ICMP 2626).
Thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) of Guadeloupe and Martinique: Updated Check-List with New Information on Their Ecology and Natural Enemies

Abstract A list of 91 species of thrips from Guadeloupe and Martinique, including 28 new records, is provided. New data on the ecology of some species and additional records of parasitoids and predators of thrips are given. A list of plants is provided on which populations of thrips have been observed, in some cases, with the presence of immature stages and/or thrips feeding damage.
IN VITRO REGENERATION AND FLOWER INDUCTION ON SOLANUM NIGRUM L. FROM PACHAMALAI HILLS OF EASTERN GHATS

Explants of Solanum nigrum L. , collected from Pachamalai hills callused successfully on MS basal medium supplemented with IAA and BAP. The highest frequency of green compact callus and multiple shoots were obtained on MS containing 2.0 mg/l IAA and 0.5 mg/l BAP. The callus when cultured on MS basal medium fortified with different concentrations of BAP (3.0 - 8.0 mg/l) and IAA (0.5 mg/l) showed multiple shoot formation. The highest frequency of multiple shoots was obtained on MS containing 6.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l IAA. For in vitro flowering, the node explants were cultured on MS fortified with different concentrations of BAP (2.0 - 7.0 mg/l) and NAA (0.5 mg/l). The highest number of multiple shoots were obtained in MS supplemented with 6.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA. The in vitro flowering was observed on MS containing 2,4-D and BAP 1.5 mg/l, respectively. The best rooting was obtained on MS containing 0.5 mg/l IBA. The well-rooted plants were hardened and finally planted in the garden. Key words : In vitro studies, Medicinal plant, Solanum nigrum , Node, Callus D.O. I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i1. 3264 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18 (1): 43-48, 2008 (June)
North meets south – Taxonomic and biogeographic implications of a phylogenetic assessment of Sargassum subgenera Arthrophycus and Bactrophycus (Fucales, Phaeophyceae)

Abstract: The Sargassum subgenera Bactrophycus and Arthrophycus were considered to be geographically restricted to the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of 19 Sargassum subgenus Bactrophycus species and eight Sargassum subgenus Arthrophycus species, based on a concatenated dataset of the loci ITS-2, cox3 and the rbcL-S spacer, showed that they formed a single clade, with Arthrophycus species nested within Bactrophycus section Halochloa. We merged the two subgenera as subgenus Bactrophycus and transferred “Arthrophycus” species to Sargassum section Halochloa. The genus now includes only the two subgenera, Sargassum and Bactrophycus, and both were found at temperate and subtropical latitudes; only subgenus Sargassum occurred at low latitudes near the equator, whereas subgenus Bactrophycus had an antitropical, disjunct distribution.
Relationship between growth and ion relation in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) at different growth stages under salt stress

Seedlings of two pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. ) lines were exposed to 0 (control) and 100 mol m –3 NaCl salinity. Treatments were applied fourteen days after germination. Growth of the shoot and root system and ion contents were determined at seedlings (21 days after treatment) and vegetative stage (42 days after treatment). NaCl concentration caused reduction in the plant growth, particularly of the shoot, always with much intensity in the sensitive line. Results obtained indicated that the difference in growth between these two lines might be due to differences in ion transfer rates to the shoot and salt accumulation in the shoot. The sensitive line showed higher Na + plus Cl - transfer rates to the shoot, especially in the beginning of the stress application and greater accumulation of these ions in the leaves The tolerant line, on the other hand, showed higher K + transfer rates and lower relative reduction in the Ca 2+ transfer rates to the shoot under salt stress. So, these results suggest that tolerance to salt stress, in pearl millet lines studied may be related to plant ability to prevent accumulation of toxic ions like Na + and Cl - and to maintain the shoot. Plant ability to make adequate osmotic adjustment, however, should not be ignored.
Factors influencing Diaptomus distributions: An experimental study in subtropical Florida1

In central and southern Florida Diuptomus dorsaks is the sole diaptomid in most eutrophic lakes whereas Diuptomusfloridanus and Diuptomus mississippiensis co-occur in oligotrophic and mesotrophic lakes. The importance of food availability and water quality in determining the species distributions of Diuptomus was ascertained by culturing the three species in water from a lake of each type with its natural phytoplankton present and with the natural phytoplankton removed and Chlamydomonas added at a concentration above feeding saturation. The experimental evidence indicated that neither food availability nor water quality is important in excluding D. jloridunus and D. mississippiensis from the eutrophic lakes. Additional data suggested that strong predation pressure may prevent these two species from occupying lakes of this type. However, low food availability seemed of major importance in excluding D. dorsalis from the oligotrophic and mesotrophic lakes. Competition is likely because food levels are always limiting and a potential competitor is present in the form of D. $oridunus- in the same subgenus and close to the same size. Additional evidence suggests that predation is probably of lesser importance to the zooplankton in lakes of these types.