Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emerging Trends of Nanomedicines in the Management of Prostate Cancer: Perspectives and Potential Applications

Prostate cancer is one of the most life-threatening disorders that occur in males. It has now become the third most common disease all over the world, and emerging cases and spiking mortality rates are becoming more challenging day by day. Several approaches have been used to treat prostate cancer, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, etc. These are painful and invasive ways of treatment. Primarily, chemotherapy has been associated with numerous drawbacks restricting its further application. The majority of prostate cancers have the potential to become castration-resistant. Prostate cancer cells exhibit resistance to chemotherapy, resistance to radiation, ADT (androgen-deprivation therapy) resistance, and immune stiffness as a result of activating tumor-promoting signaling pathways and developing resistance to various treatment modalities. Nanomedicines such as liposomes, nanoparticles, branched dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots are promising disease management techniques in this context. Nanomedicines can target the drugs to the target site and enhance the drug’s action for a prolonged period. They may also increase the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. This review summarizes the current data on nanomedicines for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Thus, nanomedicine is pioneering in disease management.
Atmospheric origins of variability in the South Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

Insights from the RAPID–MOCHA observation network in the North Atlantic have motivated a recent focus on the South Atlantic, where water masses are exchanged with neighboring ocean basins. In this study, variability in the South Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (SAMOC) at 34°S is attributed to global atmospheric forcing using an inverse modeling approach. The sensitivity of the SAMOC to atmospheric state variables is computed with the adjoint of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model, which is fit to 20 years of observational data in a dynamically consistent framework. The dynamical pathways highlighted by these sensitivity patterns show that the domain of influence for the SAMOC is broad, covering neighboring ocean basins even on short time scales. This result differs from what has previously been shown in the North Atlantic, where Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability is largely governed by dynamics confined to that basin. The computed sensitivities are convolved with surface atmospheric state variability from ERA-Interim to attribute the influence of each external forcing variable (e.g., wind stress, precipitation) on the SAMOC from 1992 to 2011. Here, local wind stress perturbations are shown to dominate variability on seasonal time scales while buoyancy forcing plays a minor role, confirming results from past forward perturbation experiments. Interannual variability, however, is shown to have originated from remote locations across the globe, including a nontrivial component originating from the tropical Pacific. The influence of atmospheric forcing emphasizes the importance of continuous widespread observations of the global atmospheric state for attributing observed AMOC variability.
The Role of Diamonds Dispersed in Ferronematic Liquid Crystals on Structural Properties

A study of the role of diamond nanoparticles on 5CB liquid crystal composites with Fe3O4 nanoparticles is presented. Composite ferronematic systems based on the nematic liquid crystal 5CB doped with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and additionally bound to diamond nanoparticles (DNPs), of a volume concentration of 3.2 mg/mL, 1.6 mg/mL and 0.32 mg/mL, were investigated using both magneto-optical effect and surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to study the role of diamond nanoparticles on the structural properties of ferronematic liquid crystals. The responses of light transmission and SAW attenuation to an external magnetic field were investigated experimentally under a linearly increasing and decreasing magnetic field, respectively. Investigations of the phase transition temperature shift of individual composites were also performed. The experimental results highlighted a decrease in the threshold field in the ferronematic LC composites compared to the pure 5CB as well as its further decrease after mixing Fe3O4 with diamond powder. Concerning the transition temperature, its increase with an increase in the volume fraction of both kinds of nanoparticles was registered. The role of diamond nanoparticles in the structural changes and the large residual light transition and/or attenuation (memory effect) were also observed. The presented results confirmed the potential of diamond nanoparticles in nematic composites to modify their properties which could lead to final applications.
The Effect of Elevated Temperature on the Fretting Fatigue Behavior of Nickel Alloy In-100

Abstract : This thesis studied the effect of elevated temperature (600 C) on the fretting fatigue behavior of IN-100. First, fretting and plain fatigue S-N curves were determined over a large range of applied stress at an identical stress ratio of 0.03 at 600 C and for fretting tests, with a constant contact load. The partial slip condition was verified by using hysteresis between shear force and axial stress techniques. The contact width and the crack initiation location were observed for all of the fretting specimens. The contact widths were consistent with expected values and the crack initiation location was at the trailing edge of contact for all fretting specimens. This study compared its high temperature results to room temperature testing accomplished by this study as well as room temperature data from a previous study using IN-100 with an identical microstructure and another room temperature study of IN-100 with a coarser microstructure. It was found that fretting fatigue reduces the cycles to failure compared to plain fatigue at elevated temperature but a more pronounced reduction was noticed than with room temperature. It was also found that the elevated temperature environment increased the both the plain and fretting fatigue life as compared to similar stress levels at room temperature. The study found that elevated temperature does have an effect on crack initiation and crack propagation as compared to room temperature environment. The higher temperature allowed a longer initiation and crack propagation time which strongly suggests the fatigue life increases with temperature up to 600 C. The creation of oxide films and temperature induced softening or plasticity were both found to act as crack closure mechanisms in another nickel based superalloy, IN-718, when fatigued in the high temperature environment.
The nuclear pore protein NUP98 impedes LTR-driven basal gene expression of HIV-1, viral propagation, and infectivity

Nucleoporins (NUPs) are cellular effectors of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) replication that support nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of viral components. However, these also non-canonically function as positive effectors, promoting proviral DNA integration into the host genome and viral gene transcription, or as negative effectors by associating with HIV-1 restriction factors, such as MX2, inhibiting the replication of HIV-1. Here, we investigated the regulatory role of NUP98 on HIV-1 as we observed a lowering of its endogenous levels upon HIV-1 infection in CD4+ T cells. Using complementary experiments in NUP98 overexpression and knockdown backgrounds, we deciphered that NUP98 negatively affected HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter activity and lowered released virus levels. The negative effect on promoter activity was independent of HIV-1 Tat, suggesting that NUP98 prevents the basal viral gene expression. ChIP-qPCR showed NUP98 to be associated with HIV-1 LTR, with the negative regulatory element (NRE) of HIV-1 LTR playing a dominant role in NUP98-mediated lowering of viral gene transcription. Truncated mutants of NUP98 showed that the attenuation of HIV-1 LTR-driven transcription is primarily contributed by its N-terminal region. Interestingly, the virus generated from the producer cells transiently expressing NUP98 showed lower infectivity, while the virus generated from NUP98 knockdown CD4+ T cells showed higher infectivity as assayed in TZM-bl cells, corroborating the anti-HIV-1 properties of NUP98. Collectively, we show a new non-canonical function of a nucleoporin adding to the list of moonlighting host factors regulating viral infections. Downregulation of NUP98 in a host cell upon HIV-1 infection supports the concept of evolutionary conflicts between viruses and host antiviral factors.
Exploring the Relationship Between Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Prostate Cancer Risk: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Analysis

Introduction Prostate cancer and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection stand as notable worldwide health issues. Investigating the connection between HCV infection and the risk of prostate cancer remains an ongoing endeavor, complicated by contradictory findings in prior research. It is imperative to comprehend this potential relationship in order to enhance strategies for prevention and treatment. This paper seeks to delve into the association between HCV infection and prostate cancer by analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a comprehensive cross-section of the US population. Methods Information extracted from the NHANES dataset encompassed the period spanning from March 2017 to March 2020, with a focus on the "medical conditions" and "hepatitis" segments. Employing logistic regression analysis, we aimed to discern the connection between HCV infection and the prior occurrence of prostate cancer. This analysis was conducted while factoring in variables such as weight, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, race, educational level, and marital status to ensure the accuracy of the findings. The results of this examination yielded adjusted odds ratios (OR), coefficients of association (B), and corresponding confidence intervals (CI). Results The outcomes derived from the comprehensive multivariate logistic regression analysis, utilizing NHANES data, indicated an absence of a statistically noteworthy correlation between HCV infection and the probability of prostate cancer occurrence. While accounting for diverse variables like weight, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, race, educational level, and marital status, no substantial relationship was observed between HCV infection and the risk of prostate cancer. These results are consistent with earlier investigations that similarly struggled to establish a definitive connection between HCV infection and the incidence of prostate cancer. Conclusion Drawing from NHANES data, this study indicates the absence of a substantial link between HCV infection and the incidence of prostate cancer. The divergent findings observed in prior research accentuate the intricate nature of the connection between HCV infection and prostate cancer. Future investigations should encompass more extensive sample sizes, prospective frameworks, and a meticulous assessment of potential variables that might confound the results. Furthermore, it is important to examine the potential protective impact of HCV infection due to antiviral interventions and its effect on the associated risk of prostate cancer. Such endeavors would offer valuable insights for individuals grappling with these health challenges.
Mechanical Properties and Ion Release from Fibre-Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement

The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties and ion release from a commercially available resin-modified glass ionomer cement to a formulation reinforced by the addition of short glass fibres at various percentages. Methods: Three experimental groups were prepared by adding a mass ratio of 10%, 15% and 20% of short glass fibres to the powder portion of the cement from a capsule (GC Fuji II LC), while the control group contained no fibres. Microhardness (n = 12), fracture toughness, and flexural, compressive and diametral tensile strength (n = 8) were evaluated. To study ion release, readings were obtained utilising fluoro-selective and calcium-selective electrodes after 24 h, 7 days and 30 days (n = 12). The spatial distribution of fibres within the material was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni adjustment. Results: The findings suggest that elevating fibre weight ratios to 20 wt% results in improved mechanical properties (p < 0.05) in microhardness, flexural strength, diametral tensile strength and fracture toughness. In terms of ion release, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between the groups at the conclusion of 24 h and 7 days, when the fluoride release was much higher in the control group. However, after 30 days, no significant distinction among the groups was identified (p > 0.05). Regarding calcium release, no statistically significant differences were observed among the groups at any of the evaluated time points (p > 0.05). SEM showed the fibres were homogeneously incorporated into the cement in all experimental groups. Conclusions: Resin-modified glass ionomer enhanced with short glass fibres at a weight loading of 20% showcased the most favourable mechanical properties while concurrently maintaining the ability to release fluoride and calcium after a 30-day period.
Knowledge and Practice of Vector Control against Malaria by Mothers of Children Aged 06 to 59 Months Hospitalized for Severe Malaria in the Pediatric Department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako

Introduction: Severe malaria is a public health problem that causes a real socio-economic burden in developing countries. It is associated with high but avoidable mortality thanks to preventive and curative measures. Methodology: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study with a prospective survey for the benefit of mothers of children aged 06 to 59 months hospitalized for serious malaria in the pediatric department of the Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako from October 2021 to September 2022. Results: In 12 months, 624 children were hospitalized, including 151 children aged 6 to 59 months suffering from severe malaria. The hospital frequency of severe malaria in this age group from 06 to 59 months was 24.2%. The average age of the mothers interviewed was 27.8 years with a range of 15 to 48 years. Mothers were educated in 84.1%, married in 98.7% and working as housewives in 81.5%. The reason for consulting children was fever (91.4%), anorexia (90.1%), prostration (79.5%). Mothers knew about impregnated mosquito nets and smoke coils as means of prevention against malaria at the same frequency of 99.3%, repellent creams 96.7%, and indoor spraying in 92.7%. In practice, they used smoke coils in 64.2%, repellent cream in 44.4% and mosquito nets impregnated with insecticide in 40.4%. Mothers attributed the cause of malaria to mosquito bites in 91.4%; They had readjusted the way sick children were fed by giving more food than usual (29.8%), splitting meals (21.8%) or using active feeding (14.6%). Most children had severe malaria, neurological form or anemic form at the same proportion of 37.1%. The assessment of the nutritional status of children revealed 18.5% acute malnutrition. The children had received conventional and traditional self-medication in 63.58 and 58.94% of cases respectively before admission. In children, a significant relationship was noted between severe anemic malaria and acute malnutrition (Fisher's exact test = 18.41; p = 0.01).
Noise levels Assessment in Selected Places in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq

Nowadays, noise becomes one of the most environmental pollutants. Several adverse effects linked with exposure to environmental noise. The aim of this study was achieved to evaluate noise level in some selected area represented by schools and medical centres in Al-Diwaniyah city according to the international standards. Therefore, noise levels were measured using sound level meters type (SVAN-955) in 10 places (5 schools and 5 health centres and hospitals) in different areas in the city. Most of these selected schools and health centres were exposed to noise from road traffic. The study revealed that equivalent sound level and minimum sound level for the schools (65dBA, 59dBA respectively) exceeded the international standards. The equivalent and minimum noise level in the health centres were (66dBA, 59.6dBA) also exceeded the WHO, USEPA and European legislations. Therefore, these results will be of help to planners and policy makers in the City to combat such this problem and Take the necessary actions to legislate the Iraqi standard for noise exposure and also to reduce the impact of noise on the buildings and common places.
Phymatolithon (Melobesioideae, Hapalidiales) in the Boreal–Subarctic Transition Zone of the North Atlantic

Species of the coralline algal genus Phymatolithon are the dominant algal calcifiers in the rocky intertidal and shallow photic sublittoral zone of the Boreal–Subarctic transition zone that stretches across the North Atlantic from the Gulf of Maine and the southern Canadian Maritimes to southwestern Iceland and the Norwegian outer coast. In this paper, we use extensive field and laboratory data on the biology, physiology, and ecology of Phymatolithon species, supported by statistical analysis and DNA sequence data, to develop a multiscale view of this key genus of the ecosystems of this region. We demonstrate that species of Phymatolithon that occur in the Boreal–Subarctic transition zone in the North Atlantic can be segregated systematically by a statistical/developmental analysis of their morpho-anatomical characters. We show these results to be congruent with DNA sequence-based methods. Six species are recognized: Phymatolithon laevigatum , P. rugulosum ( P. lamii ), P. squamulosum ( P. lenormandii ), P. investiens , P. borealis sp. nov. ( P. polymorphum ), and P. nantuckensis sp. nov. Based on paraffin section, compound microscope, and EDS-SEM analysis, we show that coralline anatomy comprises a diversity of both tissue types and high magnesium carbonate wall structure. Variations in vegetative tissue morphology, particularly with respect to cell division and elongation patterns, as well as variation in conceptacle (reproductive structure) location and development, are the result of a complex of genetic and environmental factors. Some of these factors can be linked to adaptation to environmental and biogeographical niches, providing a basis for experimental analysis of the mechanisms of adaptation. We have analyzed conceptacle development in Phymatolithon and demonstrated the linkage between genetic control and concurrent vegetative growth; these parameters interact to produce considerable variation in some characters of final gross morphology but not in others. These results strongly demonstrate that morpho-anatomical research in the broader Corallinophycideae requires greater biological sophistication, with utilization of quantitative population-level data, if success in correlating it with DNA sequence data is to be generally achieved. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences , number 41 , viii + 90 pages, 21 figures, 11 plates, 5 tables, 1 appendix, 2018.
A Review of Standard in Inductive Power Transfer

Contactless charging is evolving fast in many domains as for example on the electrical vehicles (EV) domain. The principle consists of transferring energy between two systems without having any electrical connection between them. This power transfer can be realized by emitting a magnetic field and is called Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) for static application and DIPT for dynamic application. In the automotive domain, the application of contactless charging to supply power to the vehicle while driving is one of the solutions envisaged to solve the limited autonomy range of EV and reduced its cost but the system must comply with existing standards (e.g., allocated frequency range and radiated electromagnetic emissions), as summarized in this paper. We also show that we can, through this basic hypothesis, give a concrete meaning to “dark energy” and “dark matter”.
Non-Wilsonian break-up predisposed by transforms: examples from the North Atlantic and Arctic

Abstract The Atlantic Ocean margins formed the basis for the seminal Wilson cycle concept, which suggests that oceans close, form fold belts, and later reopen in a concertina-like fashion. However, we observe that continental break-up of the North Atlantic–Arctic region only weakly reflects Wilson's concept. Rather than utilizing fold belts, transforms have been the dominant weaknesses that guided break-up, primarily because less force is required to break a plate via strike-slip related shearing than via rifting. Some transforms were inherited features, whereas others formed as part of the continental break-up process. Regardless of cause, once a transform has formed, the plate is broken and further rifting is not required before seafloor spreading can start. This is particularly well expressed in the NE Atlantic, where the line of Early Eocene break-up is very sharp, with minor or no preceding Paleocene rifting. Other examples include the De Geer, Ungava and Lomonosov transforms. We propose that the transform break-up mechanism is an important adjunct to the Wilson cycle theory and that it provides an explanation for ‘non-Wilson’ oceans, where old collision zones are not reactivated.
BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

rare earth elements REE 9.5 China China tungsten W 9.5 China China antimony Sb 9.0 China China bismuth Bi 9.0 China China molybdenum Mo 8.6 China China strontium Sr 8.6 China China mercury Hg 8.6 China Mexico barium Ba 8.1 China China carbon (graphite) C 8.1 China China beryllium Be 8.1 USA Unknown germanium Ge 8.1 China Unknown niobium Nb 7.6 Brazil Brazil platinum group elements PGE 7.6 South Africa South Africa colbalt Co 7.6 DRC DRC thorium Th 7.6 India USA indium In 7.6 China Unknown gallium Ga 7.6 China Unknown arsenic As 7.6 China Unknown magnesium Mg 7.1 China Russia tantalum Ta 7.1 Brazil Brazil selenium Se 7.1 Japan Russia cadmium Cd 6.7 China India lithium Li 6.7 Australia Chile vanadium V 6.7 South Africa China tin Sn 6.7 China China fluorine F 6.7 China South Africa silver Ag 6.2 Mexico Peru chromium Cr 6.2 South Africa Kazakhstan nickel Ni 6.2 Russia Australia rhenium Re 6.2 Chile Chile lead Pb 6.2 China Australia carbon (diamond) C 6.2 Russia DRC manganese Mn 5.7 China South Africa gold Au 5.7 China Australia uranium U 5.7 Kazakhstan Australia zirconium Zr 5.7 Australia Australia iron Fe 5.2 China Australia titanium Ti 4.8 Canada China aluminium Al 4.8 Australia Guinea zinc Zn 4.8 China Australia copper Cu 4.3 Chile Chile
Epigenetic Regulation in Schizophrenia: Focus on Methylation and Histone Modifications in Human Studies

Despite extensive research over the last few decades, the etiology of schizophrenia (SZ) remains unclear. SZ is a pathological disorder that is highly debilitating and deeply affects the lifestyle and minds of those affected. Several factors (one or in combination) have been reported as contributors to SZ pathogenesis, including neurodevelopmental, environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation and post-translational modification (PTM) of histone proteins are potentially contributing epigenetic processes involved in transcriptional activity, chromatin folding, cell division and apoptotic processes, and DNA damage and repair. After establishing a summary of epigenetic processes in the context of schizophrenia, this review aims to highlight the current understanding of the role of DNA methylation and histone PTMs in this disorder and their potential roles in schizophrenia pathophysiology and pathogenesis.