Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ALMA Frontier Fields Survey

Context. Characterizing the number counts of faint (i.e., sub-mJy and especially sub-100 μJy), dusty star-forming galaxies is currently a challenge even for deep, high-resolution observations in the FIR-to-mm regime. They are predicted to account for approximately half of the total extragalactic background light at those wavelengths. Searching for dusty star-forming galaxies behind massive galaxy clusters benefits from strong lensing, enhancing their measured emission while increasing spatial resolution. Derived number counts depend, however, on mass reconstruction models that properly constrain these clusters. Aims. We aim to estimate the 1.1 mm number counts along the line of sight of three galaxy clusters, Abell 2744, MACS J0416.1–2403, and MACS J1149.5+2223, which are part of the ALMA Frontier Fields Survey. We have performed detailed simulations to correct these counts for lensing effects, probing down to the sub-mJy flux density level. Methods. We created a source catalog based on ALMA 1.1 mm continuum detections. We used several publicly available lensing models for the galaxy clusters to derive the intrinsic flux densities of these sources. We performed Monte Carlo simulations of the number counts for a detailed treatment of the uncertainties in the magnifications and adopted source redshifts. Results. We estimate lensing-corrected number counts at 1.1 mm using source detections down to S/N = 4.5. In each cluster field, we find an overall agreement among the number counts derived for the different lens models, despite their systematic variations regarding source magnifications and effective areas. Combining all cluster fields, our number counts span ∼2.5 dex in demagnified flux density, from several mJy down to tens of μJy. Both our differential and cumulative number counts are consistent with recent estimates from deep ALMA observations at a 3σ level. Below ≈0.1 mJy, however, our cumulative counts are lower by ≈1 dex, suggesting a flattening in the number counts. Conclusions. We derive 1.1 mm number counts around three well-studied galaxy clusters following a statistical approach. In our deepest ALMA mosaic, we estimate number counts for intrinsic flux densities ≈4 times fainter than the rms level. This highlights the potential of probing the sub-10 μJy population in larger samples of galaxy cluster fields with deeper ALMA observations.
Word of mouth versus word of mouse: speaking about a brand connects you to it more than writing does

This research merges insights from the communications literature with that on the self-brand connection to examine a novel question: how does speaking versus writing about a liked brand inﬂuence the communicator’s own later reactions to that brand? Our conceptualization argues that because oral communication involves a greater focus on social interaction with the communication recipient than does written communication, oral communicators are more likely to express self-related thoughts than are writers, thereby increasing their self-brand connection (SBC). We also assess the implications of this conceptualization, including the identiﬁcation of theoretically derived boundary conditions for the speech/writing difference, and the downstream effects of heightened SBC. Results from ﬁve studies provide support for our predictions, informing both the basic literature on communications, and the body of work on consumer word of mouth.
The Role of Universities in Developing Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Future Challenges for Bahrain

The role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in world economy has been momentous, especially in increasing GDP and enhancing employment opportunities. SMEs have played and are still playing an outstanding role in the development of several developed and developing countries mainly due to the fact that SMEs comprise a major part in the industrial and economic activities in the economies of these countries. It must be emphasized that the role of SMEs is considerably high in the economic development irrespective of the fact whether it is a developed country or a developing one. Furthermore, not only the financially subsidized promotion but the strategic implementation becomes very important for the sustainable development of SME sector as well.
A Clinical Comparison on Success of Sealant and Preventive Resin Restoration on Caries Prevention

The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical success between preventive resin restoration, and pit and fissure sealant in terms of retention and caries prevention on first permanent molar. Data were collected from the patients’ case records in Pediatric Dentistry clinic. Records of children who had done their sealants and preventive resin in their first permanent molar were reviewed. 61 patients had preventive resin restoration and 56 pit and fissure sealant done in permanent first molar 2 years ago were included and called for clinical review. Participants were between 6-10 years. Visual and tactile assessment was done to detect the integrity of preventive resin restoration and pit and fissure sealants under 4 categories whether the sealant or PRR is total lost, partial lost, completely present, carious. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. At the end of 2 years, sealants showed 64.3 % total retention, 21.4% partial retention and 10.7% complete loss when compared to PRR which showed 62.2% total retention, 14% partial retention and 4.9% complete loss. Preventive resin restoration have more tendency to have caries, while teeth with pit and fissure sealants does not (18% vs. 3.6%). As a conclusion, pit and fissure sealants have marginally higher retention compared to preventive resin restoration on permanent molars. Pit and fissure sealant is better in terms of caries prevention compared to preventive resin restoration.
K/Ar Systematics of an Acid-Treated Illite/Smectite: Implications for Evaluating Age and Crystal Structure

On the basis of progressive acid dissolution the Thompson-Hower model states that mixed-layer glauconite/smectite and illite/smectite contain potassium in two structural sites: a mica-type K position (site 1) and a position of uncertain structural status more prone to dissolution (site 2). Site 2 was thought not to retain radiogenic argon (40Ar*). Using extensive progressive acid dissolution and K/Ar studies on a sized illite/smectite (I/S), determining the amount of K in site 2 is shown to be somewhat more complicated than previously thought because the dissolution pattern depends on acid normality. More important, site 2 fully retains 40Ar*, and no age correction is thus necessary as is required by the Thompson-Hower model, further affirming the geochronologic value of illite in mixed-layer clay. These data are also relevant to understanding the crystal and particle structure of I/S. Site 2 is probably a partly filled K interlayer that develops as an intermediate kinematic step on the way to being fully filled during the transformation of smectite to illite.
QBox: an industrial solution for virtual platform simulation using QEMU and SystemC TLM-2.0

As industrial demands grows for modeling, simulation and exploration tools during SoC design, there is a need for simulated CPU models that work with the other tools in the space design. There have been many attempts to build libraries of CPU design models, most notably the Open Virtual Platform project [1]. This work focuses on defining a complete open source SystemC compliant approach with a QEMU based model, which supports almost all current and past CPUs. QEMU [2] has many advantages not least a very large and dynamic open source community with hundreds of developers active all over the world. Our work makes QEMU available in a standard SystemC [3] (IEEE 1666) based tool environment. This article addresses the current state and upcoming features of two different integration techniques that allow the QEMU virtualizer and emulator to be used in a SystemC simulation context : QEMU-SC [4] and QBox (QEMU in a Box). This article also examines how these current implementation work. The limitations they have with respect to SystemC are also given. It will go on to look at recent developments both within QEMU itself and in the integration between QEMU and a SystemC that are aimed at improving simulation performance and usability of these solutions.
Labour Arbitration of Co-Worker Sexual Harassment Cases in Canada

Women have the right to a workplace free from sexual harassment under Canadian provincial and federal human rights legislation. Canadian labour laws incorporate the right to a grievance procedure including binding arbitration where arbitrators must interpret and apply human rights legislation. This paper analyzes co-worker sexual harassment cases in order to assess how well arbitrations protect the right of unionized women to a harassment free workplace. Results indicate that women complainants were often subjected to aggressive gendered cross-examinations and the application of gendered jurisprudence that largely ignored the impact of gendered power relations in the workplace. The conclusion is that women’s experiences in arbitrations are likely a deterrent to filing formal complaints, effectively undermining rather than protecting their rights. Copyright © 2012 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial Assessment of Flood Vulnerability in Aba Urban Using Geographic Information System Technology and Rainfall Information

This study investigated the relationship between topographic information and trends in rainfall in Aba urban, South Eastern Nigeria. GIS data were applied to generate topographical information on runoff characteristics, the slope, the contour, the aspect and the digital elevation model. The Mann-Kendall Trend was applied to the rainfall data to show if a monotonic increase, decrease or stability trend exist for the rainfall data of Aba metropolis for the period 2000-2010. Results showed that virtually all parts of Aba were liable to floods expect Ogbor hill axis. The flood vulnerability map indicated that 71.65% of the study area was vulnerable to flood. Rainfall trend showed a decrease in six out of the ten year period. Since within this period, flood intensity had generally remained the same, we concluded that topography, poor drainage infrastructure and non-compliance with building, planning and environmental regulations rather than rainfall trend were the key cause of flood problem in the study area.
Social media and consumer awareness toward manufactured food

Abstract Consumer awareness of the many important issues in daily life is one of the most important priorities, and this awareness liberates society from many of these problems, thereby making that society sophisticated and civilized. However, many societies, especially in developing countries, are experiencing problems in sensitizing consumers about many of the necessary everyday products, especially the manufactured food products that have become one of the basic ingredients of the meals on the table every day. Given the importance of the foregoing, the current study tried to investigate the important social issue, which is represented in the role that can be played by social media in consumer awareness toward manufactured food products in terms of health risks that can result due to the consumption of these products due to non-awareness of the dangers. To achieve this end, the quantitative method for data collection in the framework of the case study was chosen. This has been through the use of a questionnaire survey that has already been tested. The sample of the study was 351 respondents selected based on stratified sampling technique. The criteria for choosing the respondents to be part of the study were based on the full time employee of the organization. The results of the study revealed that the modern social media have a greater role than traditional social media in the consumer awareness toward manufactured food products. The study concludes with future directions for researchers interested in the area.
Impact of correlation crises in risk theory

In the renewal risk model, several strong hypotheses may be found too restrictive to model accurately the complex evolution of the reserves of an insurance company. In the case where claim sizes are heavy-tailed, we relax independence and stationarity assumptions and extend some asymptotic results on finite-time ruin probabilities, to take into account possible correlation crises like the one recently bred by the sub-prime crisis: claim amounts, in general assumed to be independent, may suddenly become strongly positively dependent. The impact of dependence and non-stationarity is analyzed and several concrete examples are given.
Subadditivity and additivity of the Yang-Mills action functional in Noncommutative Geometry

We formulate notions of subadditivity and additivity of the Yang-Mills action functional in noncommutative geometry. We identify a suitable hypothesis on spectral triples which proves that the Yang-Mills functional is always subadditive, as per expectation. The additivity property is much stronger in the sense that it implies the subadditivity property. Under this hypothesis we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the additivity of the Yang-Mills functional. An instance of additivity is shown for the case of noncommutative $n$-tori. We also investigate the behaviour of critical points of the Yang-Mills functional under additivity. At the end we discuss few examples involving compact spin manifolds, matrix algebras, noncommutative $n$-torus and the quantum Heisenberg manifolds which validate our hypothesis.
Capabilities, opportunities and public policies: analyses through Simultaneous Equation Models with latent variables

This thesis proposes analytical and practical frameworks for the anlysis of human development that are useful for policy purposes. The main theoretical underpinning is Sen’s Capability Approach, which advocates a pluralistic view of human life and the expansion of freedom as a normative rule towards the public good. The thesis comprises three chapters; in the first one, Sen’s approach is theoretically supplemented with elements of J. Roemer’s Equality of Opportunity approach to provide concrete suggestions of policy configurations for improving livelihoods with justice. In the second chapter, economic and econometric frameworks are proposed for this theoretical combination. As many elements that are intertwined in this vision of human development are hard to directly observe, a Simultaneous Equation Model with latent variables is developed and implemented using Bolivian data. The third chapter focuses on one specific aspect of human development, namely work-related wellbeing based on J. Heckman’s technology of skill formation.
Assessment of theoretical approaches to seismic network optimization (PPT Tutorial)

The United Nations Decade on Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR; 1990-99) but also the terrible sequence of subsequent devastating earthquakes with often heavy death tolls (IzmitDücze, Turkey 1999; Boumerdez, Algeria 2003; Sumatra-Andaman 2004, PakistanKashmir, 2005; Wenchuan, China 2008; Haiti and Chile 2010; Fukushima, Japan 2011) has in a dramatic way increased the world-wide awareness of the tremendous disaster potential of earthquakes and the urgent need for improved seismic hazard assessment, mitigation and preparedness measures. Part of these efforts is the improved monitoring and analysis of seismicity in the countries at risk, which includes improved event detection, location, magnitude determination and assuring catalog completeness down to as small as possible earthquakes (e.g., Woessner and Wiemer, 2005; Schorlemmer and Woessner, 2008; Schorlemmer et al., 2010; Kraft et al., 2011; Mignan et al., 2011).
ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF DISCRETE LQR CONTROL VIA LMIS APPLIED IN THE ALTERNATIVE BOOST CONVERTER

This work proposes the application and analysis of a LQR (Linear-quadratic regulator) servo tracking control optimized via Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) in a boost converter based on the three-state switching cell (3SSC). The aforementioned converter is an improved version of the conventional boost topology which presents high efficiency and is adequate for high-power high-current applications. The discrete LQR using LMI is a modified optimization of the continuous model. The proposed strategy is compared with LQR servo tracking. Robustness and time response analysis are also performed considering the LTV (linear time-varying) system. Keywords— Boost Converter , Robust Control, LQR-LMI, LMI optimization, LTV systems.
Infrared divergences in the EPRL-FK spin foam model

We provide an algorithm to estimate the divergence degree of the Lorentzian EPRL-FK spin foam amplitudes for arbitrary 2-complexes. We focus on the ‘self-energy’ and ‘vertex renormalization’ diagrams and find an upper bound estimate. We argue that our upper bound must be close to the actual value, and explain what numerical improvements are needed to verify this numerically. For the self-energy, this turns out to be significantly more divergent than the lower bound estimate present in the literature. We support the validity of our algorithm using 3-stranded versions of the amplitudes (corresponding to a toy 3d model) for which our estimates are confirmed numerically. We also apply our methods to the simplified EPRLs model, finding an utterly convergent behavior, and to BF theory, independently recovering the divergent estimates present in the literature.
Cash Holdings of German Open-End Equity Funds: Does Ownership Matter?

In the light of the recent financial crisis, the discussion on the nature of runs and on the stabilizing role of liquidity holdings has intensified. This paper explores the cash management conducted by German open-end equity funds for the period between 2005 and 2010. Since ownership structures may have important consequences according to recent work, we distinguish funds whose shares are predominantly held by retail investors from funds with a stronger institutional orientation. Conditional on poor portfolio liquidity, we find that managers of permanently retail-oriented funds tend to move towards higher cash-to-asset positions. Cashbuilding intensities are found to be lower when illiquid funds are institutional-oriented or when the portfolio liquidity of retail-based funds is higher. The striking effort undertaken by poorly liquid funds with a lasting retail-orientation is likely to be linked to their exposure to the risk of strategic investor behavior at times of distress. We conclude that conditional on their liquidity status, these funds use cash as a device to provide for the ownership-related fragility of their funding base, thereby contributing to the self-stabilization of the financial system.
Phonetic evidence for phonological structure in syllabification

It has been widely observed that codas are marked vis-à-vis onsets. In adult languages, coda markedness manifests itself in two ways: some languages do not tolerate codas at all (e.g. Cayuvava (Key 1961), Senufo (Clements and Keyser 1983)), while virtually all languages that do permit codas place restrictions on what this position can license. Coda markedness has consequences for the syllabification of consonants at the right edge of words as well. While one view is that final consonants are always syllabified as codas, there are many languages for which this analysis is not motivated. In the 1980s, final consonants were commonly designated as extraprosodic in these types of languages (Steriade 1982; Borowsky 1986; Itô 1986). More recently, it has been observed that there is a striking parallel between right-edge extraprosodic consonants and onsets in many languages; accordingly, extraprosodic consonants have been interpreted as onsets of empty-headed syllables by a number of scholars (see e.g. Giegerich 1985; Kaye 1990; McCarthy and Prince 1990; Charette 1991; Piggott 1991, 1999; Rice 1992; Harris 1994). The marked status of codas is observed in child language as well. Early grammars show a strong preference for CV syllables, independent of the constraints of the target language (see e.g. Jakobson 1941/68; Ingram 1978; Fikkert 1994). When word-final consonants ultimately emerge, the predominant view is that they are syllabified as codas (e.g. Fikkert 1994; Demuth and Fee 1995; Stemberger 1996). In this paper, we argue against this view. We propose that right-edge consonants are first syllabified as onsets – specifically, as onset-nuclear sequences – regardless of their status in the language being acquired. The principal evidence in support of this view comes from the phonetic properties that characterize early obstruent-final CVC forms: for the final consonant, the presence of aspiration (final release), length, and homorganic nasal release; and for the medial vowel, the presence of length and post-vocalic pause. The data on which we base our analysis come from five English-speaking children between the ages of 18 and 26 months, shortly after the point when CVC forms emerge. We begin in §2 by laying out our assumptions about language acquisition and about the representations that we assume for segment structure and syllable structure. We turn in §3 to demonstrate how our views on syllable structure yield a three-way typology for the
Angular Energy Quantization for Linear Elliptic Systems with Antisymmetric Potentials and Applications

In the present work we establish a quantization result for the angular part of the energy of solu- tions to elliptic linear systems of Schr\"odinger type with antisymmetric potentials in two dimension. This quantization is a consequence of uniform Lorentz-Wente type estimates in degenerating annuli. We derive from this angular quantization the full energy quantization for general critical points to functionals which are conformally invariant or also for pseudo-holomorphic curves on degenerating Riemann surfaces.
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please find attached our revised article. We thoroughly addressed all points raised by the reviewers and feel that the manuscript now is in a much improved state. In addition to minor corrections and polishing we also added a new section about the upscaling to annual flux totals as requested by Rev. 2 (also added a new table for this improvement), rewrote the abstract and improved the general readability of the document. We included our detailed comments to the editors in this document and provide a colour-coded version highlighting the changes between the two documents. We also give the revised manuscript as a Latex file since we applied our changes directly into that file (this is also the reason that the figures are not included in the revised PDF file).
Is More Sex the Cure for Low Self-Esteem? 1

Self-esteem is a concept that varies among individuals and can be high or low depending on personal experiences. Experiences such as being in college provide opportunities for self-esteem levels to fluctuate. Research shows that males and females in college tend to have the widest range of selfesteem levels which are generally influenced by social aspects. Research also shows that the college students who are more social and involved in extracurricular activities tend to have higher levels of self-esteem. This study attempted to examine similar factors college students have and how it is affecting their self-esteem. One factor male and female college students have in common is sex. Research states that sexual activity is in fact a dominant part of college life. So the present study sought to determine whether sexual activity was related to levels of self-esteem. To this end, 429 college students were given a survey to measure aspects of their personal lives, self-esteem levels, and sexual activity. Analysis showed that there were positive correlations between self-esteem and athleticism, being in a committed relationship, and sexual activity.