Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy Harvesting in Sub-6 GHz and Millimeter Wave Hybrid Networks

Dense deployment of sub-6 GHz BSs not only enhance the network capacity but also improve the energy efficiency of wireless power transfer (WPT). Millimeter wave (MMW) technology features large antenna arrays with high directional beamforming gain and dense base station (BS) deployment that is also beneficial for WPT. This paper focuses on the hybrid deployment of sub-6 GHz and MMW networks, where the user equipment (UE) can simultaneously receive information and harvest energy from either sub-6 GHz or MMW BSs. By using a stochastic geometry framework, we develop analytical expressions for the energy coverage probability (ECP) and signal-to-interference-plus-noise coverage probability (SCP) of a typical user, where the BS and UE locations are modeled by either a Poisson point process (PPP) or a Poisson cluster process (PCP). We further incorporate the unique characteristics of MMW communications in the analysis and study the impact of the practical energy harvesting model on the system performance. Numerical results are provided to validate the accuracy of the analytical models. The results demonstrate that the ECP depends on the considered UE models, where for the PPP model, as the cluster size of BS increases, the ECP increases. In contrast, for the PCP model, the ECP decreases with the increasing of BS cluster size. The results also show that the energy coverage probabilities for both PPP and PCP users converge to the PPP model as the cluster size tends to infinity.
Obtaining customer satisfaction by managing customer expectation, customer perceived quality and perceived value

There is a need in the community which is realized by volunteering the community to pay some costs to get the quality education offered, also supported by government regulations that encourage the existence of international schools in each region, as well as the influence of globalization. The existence of these international standard schools using Cambridge or International Baccalaureate curriculum has brought big changes in managing schools as an educational institution. Education management is a necessity for schools today to be able to manage schools that focus on customer desires and satisfaction, without overriding the main values in education. Therefore, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is employed to spot the arena of this study; Customer Expectation and Customer Perceived Quality mediated by Customer Perceived Value will affect customer satisfaction. The model is expected to provide the model for education institutions how to manage customer satisfaction in-line with delivering quality education.
Phosphorus retention in constructed wetlands enhanced by zeolite‐ and clinopyroxene‐dominated lava sand

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are engineered systems for treating wastewater by sequestering nutrients and contaminants. Our aim was to assess the main phosphorus (P) binding states in operating CWs to assess P saturation and indications on P recycling potential of filter materials, which might be necessary under future peak P scenarios. The investigated vertical flow CWs (operation time up to 16 years) are based on either fluviatile (Fluv) sand or zeolite‐ (Ze‐LS) and clinopyroxene (Cl‐LS)‐dominated lava sand. Organic and inorganic P accumulated in all CWs independent of filter materials and showed a considerable increase with operation time. Concentrations of P decreased sharply with depth in the Fluv‐CWs compared to only a slight decrease in the lava sand CWs, with P concentrations of deeper horizons approximating the relatively P enriched original lava sand substrates. Orthophosphate was the dominant pool in all CWs, while the sum of organic fractions ranged between 11% and 33%. Sequential extraction indicated that P was mainly associated with Fe and Al (hydr)oxides for Fluv‐CWs and Ze‐LS‐CWs, while Ca and Mg bound mineral phosphates dominated in Cl‐LS‐CWs. Oxalate extractions pointed to a clear dominance of P fractions associated with poorly crystalline Fe‐ and Al‐(oxy)hydroxides. Solution 31P NMR analyses revealed that inositol hexakisphosphates were a major pool of organic P in surface layers of CWs, which increased with operation time. With a maximum of 0.5% P content, filter sands do not appear to be a suitable fertilizer for direct application to agricultural fields. The dominance of inorganic, poorly crystalline P species point to potentially high desorption capacity which might be investigated further, to assess recycling potential of P or usage of filter materials as soil amendments with relatively high plant available P. The latter might become feasible and economically attractive under future P scarcity. Simultaneously, P saturation indexes (DPS) did not indicate an imminent P saturation of filters, since P accumulation was not restricted by binding to Al and Fe minerals.
Garcinia kola Attenuates MDMA-Induced Neuroinflammation in the CA1 Region of the Hippocampus in the Rat Model

Background: Garcinia kola (GK) has been experimentally tested for its potential usefulness against oxidative stress-related disorders in a number of body tissues, as well as a number of pathogenic and parasitic diseases. Studies investigating GK extracts’ usefulness in combating nervous tissue toxicity, neuroinflammatory disorders, and neuronal degeneration are still inadequate and not yet conclusive. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced neuroinflammation on the pyramidal neurons and astrocytes of the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus and the role of GK extract (GKE) in attenuating the effects in the rat model. Methods: The study was carried out by using 60 healthy adult male Wistar rats, which were randomly assigned into six groups, A, B, C, D, E, and F (n = 10)—A (control), B (100 mg/kg body weight of GKE only), C (200 mg/kg body weight of GKE only), D (20 mg/kg body weight of MDMA only), E (100 mg/kg body weight of GKE and 20 mg/kg body weight of MDMA), and F (200 mg/kg body weight of GKE and 20 mg/kg body weight of MDMA). Treatment was given for 21 days. Following 24 hours after the last administration, five rats in each group were anesthetized with diether and perfused intracardially, and the brains were excised and fixed in 10 percent neutral buffered formalin for the histological hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAP). A thin-slice coronal section of the brain was obtained at the level of the optic chiasma and processed via the paraffin-embedding method. Also, the remaining five brains were used to assess neurotransmitter levels (serotonin and dopamine) and cytochrome c-oxidase. The statistical analysis was done using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: A significant reduction (P < .05) in body weight was observed in the group that was administered with MDMA when compared with the control and the rest of the treated groups. Dopamine and serotonin levels were significantly decreased (P < .05) in the MDMA-only group when compared with the control and the rest of the treated groups. The control group and groups B, C, and F showed intact pyramidal neurons, unlike group D, which showed vacuolated and degenerating neurons. The expressions of vacuolation and degeneration in group D were less than those in group E, which received a low dose of GKE and MDMA. Hippocampal astrocytic expressions were significantly higher (P > .05) in the MDMA-only group when compared with the control and other groups. Conclusion: GKE has significant neuroprotective potential against MDMA-induced toxicity in brain tissue. This is evident in its prevention of MDMA-induced oxidative stress, pyramidal neuronal vacuolation, dispersion, and reactive astrogliosis in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Our findings are dose-dependent, with 200 mg/kg of the extract being novel. We, however, recommend further study into the mechanism of action of GKE, on how it attenuates the astrocytic reaction caused by MDMA exposure.
Anomalous and Planar Nernst effects in thin-films of half-metallic ferromagnet La2/3Sr1/3MnO3

We report the planar and anomalous Nernst effect in epitaxial thin films of spin polarized La2/3Sr1/3MnO3. The thermal counterpart of the anomalous Hall effect in this material (i.e. the anomalous Nernst effect) shows a extreme sensitivity to any parasitic thermal gradient, resulting in large asymmetric voltages under small temperature differences. This should be considered when interpreting the magnitude of the electrical response in nanostructures and devices that operate under high current densities. Finally, none of the observed magneto-thermoelectric signals is compatible with the observation of the Spin Seebeck Effect in this material.
‘Tropical Sunki’ mandarin and hybrid citrus rootstocks under ‘Pera’ sweet orange in cohesive soil and As climate without irrigation

The search for alternative rootstocks to the ‘Rangpur’ lime tree is a challenge to the sustainability of citrus in the Tabuleiros Costeiros (Coastal Tablelands) of Northeastern Brazil. New varieties should meet high drought tolerance with water deficit, cohesive soils, resistance to citrus diseases and inducing high production of fruit. In this work, the performance of ‘Pera’ sweet orange was evaluated on ‘Tropical Sunki’ mandarin and 27 hybrid citrus rootstocks in Umbaúba, Sergipe. A local selection of the ‘Rangpur’ lime was the control. Planting was in 2013 at tree spacing of 6.0 × 3.0 m, without irrigation. Tree size, fruit yield and quality, tree survival rate and graft-compatibility were assessed until 2019. Experimental design was completely randomized blocks with 29 treatments, three replicates and four plants in the plot. Two selection indices were applied to the data to assist in decision making. The ‘Tropical Sunki’ mandarin induced similar cumulative fruit yield in relation to the ‘Rangpur’ lime, suggesting a good drought tolerance of the former rootstock. The TSKC × (LCR × TR) 073 induced slightly lower productivity, compensated by higher productive efficiency and higher concentration of soluble solids, whereas LCR × TR 001 and HTR 166 were highly efficient dwarfing rootstocks. The multiplicative and the rank sum indices showed high correlation, both classifying ‘Tropical Sunki’ mandarin, ‘Santa Cruz Rangpur’ lime, LVK × LCR 010 and 038, HTR 127, in addition to the three aforementioned hybrids, as superior to the local selection of ‘Rangpur’ lime.
PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN MANAJEMEN DIKLAT PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONALISME DI SEKOLAH DASAR KABUPATEN BOGOR

Upaya perbaikan dibidang pendidikan merupakan suatu keharusan untuk selalu dilaksanakan agar suatu bangsa dapat maju dan berkembang seiring dengan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Beberapa upaya dilaksanakan antara lain penyempurnaan kurikulum, peningkatan kompetensi tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan serta perbaikan sarana-sarana pendidikan, dan lain-lain. Hal ini dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan bangsa dan terciptanya manusia Indonesia seutuhnya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tiga teknik yaitu wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh selama penelitian dianalisis dengan langkah-langkah yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.Lokasi penelitian ini di Sekolah Dasar yang berada di kabupaten Bogor. Upaya peningkatan mutu, relevansi dan daya saing yang dapat dilakukan antara lain dengan meningkatkan kualifikasi dan kompetensi pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan antara lain melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan (diklat). Pendidik bertugas menciptakan suasana pendidikan yang bermakna, menyenangkan, kreatif, dinamis, dan dialogis. Untuk itu, pendidik harus memiliki komitmen professional untuk menngkatkan mutu pendidikan. Sebagai pendidik ia harus member teladan dan menjaga nama baik lembaga, profesi dan kedudukan, sesuai dengan kepercayaannya.
Bitterness reduction of Green Chiretta (Andrographis paniculata) leaves and its functionality

Green chiretta leaves, known for its bitterness, is an Indonesian native traditional herb, used for its functional and medicinal properties. This research aimed to reduce the bitterness of green chiretta leaves using adsorbent technique and to observe how it might affect the functional properties of the chiretta leaves. The debittering process was done by utilizing diatomite, bentonite, and attapulgite as the adsorbent, together with 5, 10, and 20 minutes of boiling time. The leaves were then subjected to bitterness and phytochemical analysis. The bitterness was analyzed using scalar methods, the antioxidant properties were analyzed by measuring the IC50 value against DPPH solution, and the phytochemical compounds (total phenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, and terpenoid) was analyzed quantitatively. Different adsorbent will adsorb different phytochemical compound. As the boiling time increases, the number of phytochemical compounds also reduced, hence resulting in a decrease of bitterness and IC50 value. This study found that the use of attapulgite with 20 minutes of boiling reduce the bitterness up to (90%) of the leaves due to its ability to adsorb terpenoid content while still retained their antioxidant properties better than bentonite or diatomite.
Characterization of chaff and biosorption of copper and lead ions from aqueous solution

The characteristics of cereal chaff obtained from agricultural by-product are studied by thermogravimetry analysis(TGA), differential thermal analysis(DTA), Fourier-Transform Infrared Analysis spectroscopy(FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy/ An energy dispersive X-ray Spectra(SEM/EDS), while the adsorption ability of cereal chaff was investigated for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from single (non-competitive) and binary (competitive) aqueous systems. Heated up to 170℃, a mass loss of 6% is observed.From 170~290℃, a mass loss of 45% is observed. Up to 500℃, the mass of remains is only 11%. The max peaks at 320℃ and 440℃ in DTA are observed by exothermic decomposed reaction, respectively. The IR spectroscopy of the chaff is mainly composed of the adsorption of carbohydrates, lignin, cellulose etc. The peaks located at 1734 and 1651 cm -1 are characteristics of carbonyl groups stretching from carboxylates and ketones. The peak near 1515 cm -1 is assigned to the stretching in aromatic rings. The peak near 1456 cm -1 is attributed to the bending stretching of CH_ 2- and CH_ 3-. The peak at 1243 cm -1 is from C-O stretching vibration in phenols. SEM/EDS analysis shows that the main elements of chaff are carbon, oxygen, silicon, aluminum and the surface of chaff is roughness. Adsorption of the objective heavy metal ions by chaff strongly depends on pH, contact time, initial concentration of the heavy metal ions and adsorbent dosage. The experimental data for single Cu(II) and Cd(II) systems fitted the Langmuir isotherm model excellently. The maximum adsorption capacities of Cu(II) and Pb(II) per gram chaff were calculated as 3.46 and 12.5 mg·L -1 for single system, respectively. For binary system, the adsorptive capacity for one metal ion was affected by another metal ion, but the effect of Cu(II) by Pb(II) is significantly. The affinity of chaff for Pb(II) is greater than Cu(II). The results show that chaff may be used effectively in removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous systems for environmental cleaning purposes.
A proposal to advance theory and promote collaboration in tropical biology by supporting replications

1Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 2Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Gainesville, FL, USA 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA 5Center for Open Science, Charlottesville, VA, USA 6University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Anatomy-Aware 3D Human Pose Estimation With Bone-Based Pose Decomposition

In this work, we propose a new solution to 3D human pose estimation in videos. Instead of directly regressing the 3D joint locations, we draw inspiration from the human skeleton anatomy and decompose the task into bone direction prediction and bone length prediction, from which the 3D joint locations can be completely derived. Our motivation is the fact that the bone lengths of a human skeleton remain consistent across time. This promotes us to develop effective techniques to utilize global information across all the frames in a video for high-accuracy bone length prediction. Moreover, for the bone direction prediction network, we propose a fully-convolutional propagating architecture with long skip connections. Essentially, it predicts the directions of different bones hierarchically without using any time-consuming memory units (e.g. LSTM). A novel joint shift loss is further introduced to bridge the training of the bone length and bone direction prediction networks. Finally, we employ an implicit attention mechanism to feed the 2D keypoint visibility scores into the model as extra guidance, which significantly mitigates the depth ambiguity in many challenging poses. Our full model outperforms the previous best results on Human3.6M and MPI-INF-3DHP datasets, where comprehensive evaluation validates the effectiveness of our model.
Culturable autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria population and nitrification potential in a sheep grazing intensity gradient in a grassland on the Loess Plateau of Northwest China

Liu, T. , Nan, Z. and Hou, F. 2011. Culturable autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria population and nitrification potential in a sheep grazing intensity gradient in a grassland on the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 925-934. Grazing is known to enhance the activity of soil microbial communities in many types of grasslands; however, the potential impacts of rotational grazing activity on soil microbial functional groups remain poorly understood. We investigated the effects of 9 yr of rotational grazing by livestock on culturable autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) population size, nitrification potential and soil properties in a semi-arid grassland of the Loess Plateau in Northwest China. Three stocking rate treatments of 2.7, 5.3 and 8.7 wether lambs ha-1 were evaluated in geographically separated paddocks. Grazing increased nitrification potential and culturable AOB populations compared with ungrazed treatments. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria populations increased from 155 bacteria g-1 dry soil with 0 sheep ha-1 to 16 218 bacteria g-1 dry soil with 8.7 sheep ha-1. Grazing led to an increase in population of AOB at 0-10 cm soil depth, but had no effect on AOB at 10-20 cm soil depth. Nitrification potential increased from 1.21 mg NO3-N kg-1 soil d-1 in ungrazed treatments to 2.86 mg NO3-N kg-1 soil d-1 at the highest stocking rate. Soil ammonium and nitrate concentrations increased; however, total soil nitrogen and soil moisture content decreased with increased stocking rate for both sampling depths (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). Soil organic matter was not affected by grazing treatments. Soil nitrification potential and the size of culturable AOB populations were dependent on grazing intensity, soil depth and season. This information is potentially important for the optimal selection of stocking rate for grazed ecosystems.
Temporal analysis of demographic and biometric parameters of the Mangalarga breed

ABSTRACT: This study analyzed the demographic and biometric changes in registered animals of the Mangalarga breed over the decades. Information from 206,428 Mangalarga horses born between 1930 and 2018 extracted from the genealogic registry system of the Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalos da Raça Mangalarga was employed. The data referred to sex, birth date, fur coat, breeding site location, score achieved at genealogic registration, and three body measurements. Height at withers and the thoracic and cannon bone circumferences were used to calculate five morphometric indices. Results were submitted to analysis of variance using a completely randomized split-plot design where the plots comprised the sexes and the split-plots comprised the decades of selection. Between 1930 and 1990, genealogic registrations progressively increased, particularly in the 1970s and 80s, when the herd experienced the highest growth rate. In 2018, Mangalarga breeding sites were reported in 23 Brazilian states and the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Bahia held the largest herds. Between 1970 and 2018, the height at withers of mares, stallions, and geldings increased by 5.1, 3.1, and 2.1 cm, respectively. The thoracic circumference of stallions increased by 3.3 cm and the cannon bone circumference of mares decreased by 0.34 cm. It is concluded that the Mangalarga breed is found across Brazil, especially in the Southeast region. Irrespective of sex, the selection of the breed has led to taller Mangalarga horses. In addition, the stallions became heavier and gained thoracic circumference, while mares became hypometric.
Comparative study on improved organic practices of summer greengram (Vigna radiata L.) at Bharuch district of Gujarat

A field investigation was conducted during the summer season of 2019-20 at the five farmer’s field of Bharuch district of Gujarat to evaluate improved organic practices in greengram. The results revealed that greengram seeds treated with Rhizobium (5 ml/kg seed), PSB (5 ml/kg seed) and Trichoderma viride (3g/kg seed) + NPK: 9:23:00 with DAP 50 kg/ha + FYM: 2 tonnes/ha + Vermicompost (1.0 ton/ha) and need base spray with Agniastra, Dashparni and Chemical insecticides was found superior in terms of increasing growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, economic parameters and nutrient status of soil.
The Impact of Higher Education on Economic Growth in ASEAN-5 Countries

This study analyzed the nonlinear impacts of education, particularly higher education, on economic growth in the ASEAN-5 countries (i.e., Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines) over the period 2000–2018. The impacts of education on economic growth are assessed through various education indicators, consisting of public expenditure on tertiary education per student, enrolment rates of primary, secondary, and tertiary levels, educated workforce, and the novel indicator of unemployment rates with advanced education. This study establishes nonlinear regression models—the time-series kink regression and the panel kink regression—to investigate the kink effects of education on the individual country’s economic growth and the ASEAN-5 region, respectively. There are three main findings. Firstly, the nonlinear effects of the government expenditure per tertiary student on economic growth are confirmed for the ASEAN-5 region. However, the impacts do not follow the law of diminishing returns. Secondly, our findings reveal that an increase in unemployment of advanced educated workers can positively or negatively impact economic growth, which requires an appropriate policy to handle the negative impacts. Lastly, secondary and higher education enrollment rates can contribute to the ASEAN-5’s economic growth (both the individual and regional levels). However, the regional analysis reveals that higher education impacts become twice as strong when the enrollment rates are greater than a certain level (a kink point). Therefore, we may conclude that secondary enrollment rates positively affect economic growth; however, higher education is the key to future growth and sustainability.