Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Techniques of Ontology and its Usage in Indian Languages - A Review

Ontology is presently an emerging research topic in the field of artificial intelligence, semantic web, and natural language processing, software engineering, and information architecture etc. Manual Ontology building is essentially a time consuming and tedious task. From the last few decades, different ontology building approaches are being used to build ontology either semi-automatically or automatically. This paper review has been carried out/done on the usage of different ontology building approaches in natural language processing and their usage on Indian languages. It is hereby concluded from the review that in Indian languages usage of ontology is very less because of the challenges to build ontology for minority languages.
An improved double-population genetic algorithm for vehicle routing problem with soft time windows

This study primarily focuses on solving the vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (VRPSTW) by applying an improved double-population genetic algorithm (DPGA). The traditional single-population genetic algorithm (SPGA) in solving vehicle routing problem usually traps in local optimum or consumes considerable time. In this paper two different initialization methods — random initialization method and construction initialization method are introduced to frame the improved double-population genetic algorithm. The computation experiment is provided to compare the improved double-population genetic algorithm with the SPGA, and the final outcome effectively proves the superiority of the novel algorithm.
Robustness of multiparty entanglement

We study the robustness of multiparty entanglement under local decoherence, modeled by partially depolarizing channels acting independently on each subsystem. Surprisingly, we find that the robustness of (GHZ) entanglement increases with the number of qubits. An n-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state can stand more than 55% local depolarization in the limit n→∞. GHZ states are more robust than other generic states of three and four qubits. We also study spin-squeezed states in the limit n→∞ and find that they too can stand considerable local depolarization.
CHAVE: Topics and Questions on the Portuguese Participation in CLEF

In this paper we report the work done by Linguateca in order to add Portuguese to two tracks of CLEF, namely the adhoc IR task and the QA task. We start by a brief description of Linguateca's aims and the way we see CLEF from the standpoint of Portuguese language processing; we then document several interesting problems posed by the tasks we added to organize, and offer some suggestions for improvement, as well as raise some possibly controversial points for discussion. Finally, we describe briefly the creation of the Portuguese collection and the process of checking answers in it.
Least-Commitment Action Selection

The principle of least commitment was embraced early in planning research. Hierarchical task networks (HTNs) reason about high-level tasks without committing to specific low-level steps. Partial-order planning arose from a complementary desire to avoid unnecessary ordering commitments. But most of today's partial-order planning algorithms commit to a single producing step when supporting an open condition — even when multiple alternatives exist. Each possibility results in a different child plan, and therefore a branch in the search tree. If the various choices have common features, computation may be duplicated unnecessarily on the various branches. The FABIAN planner attempts to avoid such waste. FABIAN separates the decision to add a step from the choice of which step to add. FABIAN supports an open condition by adding an abstract action to the plan representing the disjunction of possible new supporting steps; only later does it refine this choice to a particular concrete action. We show that this abstraction can lead to exponential savings, and argue that in the worst case FABIAN never explores more than a slightly larger space of plans than does a traditional planner such as SNLP.
Pavement Maintenance Scheduling using Genetic Algorithms

This paper presents a new pavement management system (PMS) to achieve the optimal pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) strategy for a highway network using genetic algorithms (GAs). Optimal M&R strategy is a set of pavement activities that both minimise the maintenance cost of a highway network and maximise the pavement condition of the road sections on the network during a certain planning period. NSGA-II, a multi-objective GA, is employed to perform pavement maintenance optimisation because of its robust search capabilities and constraint handling method that deal with the multi-objective and multi-constrained optimisation problems. In the proposed approach, both deterministic and probabilistic pavement age gain models are utilised for evaluating the evolution of pavement condition over time because of their simplicity of application. The proposed PMS is applied to a case study network that consists of different kinds of road sections. The results obtained indicate that the model is a valuable toolbox for pavement engineers.
IEEE 802.11 Chipset Fingerprinting by the Measurement of Timing Characteristics

In this paper we present a technique to create WLAN device fingerprints by measuring timing properties without the use of special-purpose hardware. Our proposed process is absolutely passive and cannot be detected by the targeted device. The timing measurement is based on a delay caused by the hardware implementation of the CRC checksum algorithm at the network interface card (NIC) of the client. This delay turned out to be significant for a large number of different chipset implementations. The ability of identifying connected devices could improve the security of a wireless network significantly. It could help to enhance access control mechanisms and would deliver valuable real time information about the connected clients. As a proof of our concept we present a prototype implementation called WiFinger to evaluate our approach.
The Flat Finger: Exploring Area Touches on Smartwatches

Smartwatches are emerging device category that feature highly limited input and display surfaces. We explore how touch contact areas, such as lines generated by flat fingers, can be used to increase input expressivity in these diminutive systems in three ways. Firstly, we present four design themes that emerged from an ideation workshop in which five designers proposed concepts for smartwatch touch area interaction. Secondly, we describe a sensor unit and study that captured user performance with 31 area touches and contrasted this against standard targeting performance. Finally, we describe three demonstration applications that instantiate ideas from the workshop and deploy the most reliably and rapidly produced area touches. We report generally positive user reactions to these demonstrators: the area touch interactions were perceived as quick, convenient and easy to learn and remember. Together this work characterizes how designers can use area touches in watch UIs, which area touches are most appropriate and how users respond to this interaction style.
Financial Market Imperfections, Real Exchange Rates, and Capital Flows

We explore the role of domestic financial market frictions in explaining sharp movements in real and nominal exchange rates, capital flows, and output for a small open economy. Financial intermediaries arise endogenously to insulate depositors from the consequences of liquidity shocks and stochastic investment project returns, and to provide intermediation for efficient capital accumulation in the presence of a costly state verification problem. An increase in the world interest rate may provoke an increase in the fraction of credit-rationed entrepreneurs, a decrease in the steady state capital stock, and - when the elasticity of substitution between labor and capital is low - a depreciation of the real exchange rate and an outflow of capital. Hence we can account qualitatively for the recent experience of several emerging market economies in a model where all prices, including exchange rates, are perfectly flexible.
Natural language generation for spoken dialogue

A natural language generation module for spoken dialogue systems has been developed that performs three steps: generating multiple versions of an utterance, choosing the best version by a set of criteria, and annotating the text using structural information accumulated during the generation process. The requirements of spoken output is catered for by several design decisions. are a compromise between and template A hybrid approach maintains the possibility to while allowing for for to take into not only
Fast compensation of current transformer saturation

This paper presents a novel method for current transformer (CT) saturation detection and compensation. In the method, CT saturation characteristics are represented by a partial nonlinear regression model. The parameters of this model can be estimated rapidly and accurately using both unsaturated and saturated sections of the waveform of a secondary fault current, even in a heavy saturation scenario, where the fault waveform is severely distorted. To reduce the computational load of the estimation, separable nonlinear least squares (SNLLS) method is used to separates the linear and nonlinear parameters of the model, thus reducing the complexity of the estimation. With the fast and accurate parameter estimation, the method can be used for real-time protective relaying. The method has been evaluated on the data obtained from PSCAD/EMTDC simulation. The analysis of the test results shows that the proposed method has superior performance than that offered by conventional compensation algorithms.
The Gene Balance Hypothesis: From Classical Genetics to Modern Genomics

The concept of genetic balance traces back to the early days of genetics. Additions or subtractions of single chromosomes to the karyotype (aneuploidy) produced greater impacts on the phenotype than whole-genome changes (ploidy). Studies on changes in gene expression in aneuploid and ploidy series
Variations in the Regulatory Region of Alpha S1-Casein Milk Protein Gene among Tropically Adapted Indian Native (Bos Indicus) Cattle

Regulatory region of milk protein alpha S1-casein (αS1-CN) gene was sequenced, characterized, and analyzed to detect variations among 13 Indian cattle (Bos indicus) breeds. Comparative analysis of 1,587 bp region comprising promoter (1,418 bp), exon-I (53 bp), and partial intron-I (116 bp) revealed 35 nucleotide substitutions (32 within promoter region, 1 in exon-I, and 2 in partial intron-I region) and 4 Indels. Within promoter, 15 variations at positions −1399 (A > G), −1288 (G > A), −1259 (T > C), −1158 (T > C), −1016 (A > T), −941 (T > G), −778 (C > T), −610 (G > A), −536 (A > G), −521 (A > G), −330 (A > C), −214 (A > G), −205 (A > T), −206 (C > A), and −175 (A > G) were located within the potential transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), namely, NF-κE1/c-Myc, GATA-1, GATA-1/NF-E, Oct-1/POU3F2, MEF-2/YY1, GATA-1, AP-1, POU1F1a/GR, TMF, GAL4, YY1/Oct-1, HNF-1, GRalpha/AR, GRalpha/AR, and AP-1, respectively. Seventy-four percent (26/35) of the observed SNPs were novel to Indian cattle and 11 of these novel SNPs were located within one or more TFBSs. Collectively, these might influence the binding affinity towards their respective nuclear TFs thus modulating the level of transcripts in milk and affecting overall protein composition. The study provides information on several distinct variations across indicine and taurine αS1-CN regulatory domains.
Quanta tracking algorithm for multiple moving targets

The Quanta Tracking (QT) algorithm was created by this team in 2013. The algorithm was originally called the Maximum Likelihood, Histogram Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracker (ML-HPMHT). While this gives some insight into the functionality contained in the algorithm it is too much for the average human to say without twisting a tongue. The QT algorithm is showing excellent results at tracking unresolved, dim targets in highly cluttered environments. Traditional detection and tracking approaches use thresholding and signal processing to declare measurements which are then fed into the tracker. The QT algorithm does this all organically in an optimal manner, called “track-before-detect”. The algorithm requires no thresholding of the data such that all of the data is utilized. The advancement in this paper is accounting for stationary targets and not tracking them.
Automatic Chord Transcription with Concurrent Recognition of Chord Symbols and Boundaries

This paper describes a method that recognizes musical chords from real-world audio signals in compact-disc recordings. The automatic recognition of musical chords is necessary for music information retrieval (MIR) systems, since the chord sequences of musical pieces capture the characteristics of their accompaniments. None of the previous methods can accurately recognize musical chords from complex audio signals that contain vocal and drum sounds. The main problem is that the chordboundary-detection and chord-symbol-identification processes are inseparable because of their mutual dependency. In order to solve this mutual dependency problem, our method generates hypotheses about tuples of chord symbols and chord boundaries, and outputs the most plausible one as the recognition result. The certainty of a hypothesis is evaluated based on three cues: acoustic features, chord progression patterns, and bass sounds. Experimental results show that our method successfully recognized chords in seven popular music songs; the average accuracy of the results was around 77%.
The role of location in evaluating racial wage disparity

AbstractA standard object of empirical analysis in labor economics is a modified Mincer wage function in which an individual’s log wage is a function of education, experience, and race. We analyze this approach in a context where individuals live and work in different locations (thus facing different housing prices and wages). Our model justifies the traditional approach, but with the important caveat that the regression should include location-specific fixed effects. Empirical analysis of men in U.S. labor markets demonstrates that failure to condition on location causes us to significantly overstate the decline in black-white wage disparity over the past 60 years.JEL codesJ31, J71, R23
Biochar Effects on Carbon Stocks in the Coffee Agroforestry Systems of the Himalayas

Coffee agroforestry is an emerging agricultural practice in the mid hills of Nepal. Smallholder farmers of low-income strata have progressively adopted coffee as a perennial crop over seasonal crops. A multi-year study was conducted to test effects of locally produced biochar derived from coffee wastes, e.g., pulp and husks, on carbon stocks of: i) coffee trees, and, ii) soil organic carbon (SOC) in selected coffee growing pockets. We conducted on-farm experimental trials in three different physiographical locations of the Nepal mid-hills, namely, Chandanpur (Site I at 1475masl), Panchkhal (Site II at 1075masl), and Talamarang (Site III at 821masl) where smallholders grow coffee together with other cereal crops and vegetables. We applied biochar to the soil at a rate of 5 Mgha-1, then, monitored the SOC and biomass growth of the coffee trees in the three treatment plots at sites I, II and III over two years beginning in 2013. The average stocks of aboveground carbon in coffee trees increased from 6.2±4.3 Mgha-1 to 9.1±5.2 Mgha-1 over the trial period of two years in biochar treated plots. The same in control plots increased from 5.6±2.8 Mgha-1 to 6.7±4.7 Mgha-1. In the biochar plots, the average increments of ABG carbon was 0.73 Mgh-1 while in the control it was 0.29 Mgh-1. Analysis of soil organic carbon of the plots indicated overall incremental change in carbon stocks in the coffee farms. During the base year, the average SOC stocks in the top 0-15cm layer of the soil at sites I, II, and III were estimated 74.88 ± 15.93; 63.96 ±16.71 and 33.05 ±4.42 Mgha-1 respectively. Although both the biochar treated and control plot registered incremental change in SOC stocks, the volumes were remarkably higher in the former than the latter. Compared to the baseline data, the changes in SOC stocks in the three biochar treated plots were 19.8, 49.8 and 45.3 Mgha-1, respectively, whereas in the control plots these were 8.3, 29.3 and 11.3 Mgha-1, respectively. The higher incremental rates of C-stocks in all the biochar treated plots in comparison to the corresponding control plots of the coffee agroforestry implies that application of biochar can enhance accumulation of carbon in the form of aboveground biomass and soil organic carbon.
Quasi-continuous high-order sliding-mode controllers

A universal finite-time-convergent controller is developed capable to control the output of any uncertain single-input-single-output system with a known permanent relative degree r. The tracking error /spl sigma/ is steered to zero by means of a control dependent only on /spl sigma/, /spl sigma//spl dot/, . , /spl sigma//sup (r-1)/ and continuous everywhere except the set /spl sigma/=/spl sigma//spl dot/=/spl middot//spl middot//spl middot/=/spl sigma//sup (r-1)/=0. A robust output-feedback controller version provides for the tracking accuracy proportional to the sampling noise magnitude.
Secret key agreement using a virtual wiretap channel

Key agreement using physical layer properties of communication channels is a well studied problem. iJam is a physical layer key agreement protocol that achieves security by creating a “virtual” wiretap channel for the adversary through a subprotocol between the sender and the receiver that uses self-jamming by the receiver. The protocol was implemented and its security was shown through extensive experiments. The self-jamming subprotocol of iJam was later modelled as a wiretap channel and used for designing a secure message transmission protocol with provable security. We use the same wiretap model of the subprotocol to design secret key agreement protocols with provable security. We propose two protocols that use the wiretap channel once from Alice to Bob, and a protocol that uses two wiretap channels, one from Alice to Bob, and one in the opposite direction. We provide security proof and efficiency analysis for the protocols. The protocols effectively give physical layer security protocols that can be implemented and have provable security. We discuss our results and propose directions for future research.
Ecology, Genetic Diversity, and Phylogeographic Structure of Andes Virus in Humans and Rodents in Chile

ABSTRACT Andes virus (ANDV) is the predominant etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in southern South America. In Chile, serologically confirmed human hantavirus infections have occurred throughout a wide latitudinal distribution extending from the regions of Valparaíso (32 to 33°S) to Aysén (46°S) in southern Patagonia. In this study, we found seropositive rodents further north in the Coquimbo region (30°S) in Chile. Rodent seroprevalence was 1.4%, with Oligoryzomys longicaudatus displaying the highest seroprevalence (5.9%), followed by Abrothrix longipilis (1.9%) and other species exhibiting ≤0.6% seropositivity. We sequenced partial ANDV small (S) segment RNA from 6 HCPS patients and 32 rodents of four different species collected throughout the known range of hantavirus infection in Chile. Phylogenetic analyses showed two major ANDV South (ANDV Sout) clades, congruent with two major Chilean ecoregions, Mediterranean (Chilean matorral [shrubland]) and Valdivian temperate forest. Human and rodent samples grouped according to geographic location. Phylogenetic comparative analyses of portions of S and medium segments (encoding glycoproteins Gn and Gc) from a subset of rodent specimens exhibited similar topologies, corroborating two major ANDV Sout clades in Chile and suggesting that yet unknown factors influence viral gene flow and persistence throughout the two Chilean ecoregions. Genetic algorithms for recombination detection identified recombination events within the S segment. Molecular demographic analyses showed that the virus is undergoing purifying selection and demonstrated a recent exponential growth in the effective number of ANDV Sout infections in Chile that correlates with the increased number of human cases reported. Although we determined virus sequences from four rodent species, our results confirmed O. longicaudatus as the primary ANDV Sout reservoir in Chile. While evidence of geographic differentiation exists, a single cosmopolitan lineage of ANDV Sout remains the sole etiologic agent for HCPS in Chile.
Can Creativity Be Predicted?

Prediction of creativity has been singularly unsuccessful despite a wide variety of approaches. One of the reasons for this lack of success is that vested interests in education and psychology appear to prefer to focus on the narrow range of achievement behavior which has been erroneously labelled intelligence. This mislabelling has precluded exploration into the remaining spectrum of intellectual process, i.e., intelligent and creative behavior.
A Conceptual Design of Multi-Agent Based Personalized Quiz Game

This paper presents the conceptual design of a virtual 3D quiz game based on a multi-agent system (MAS) architecture aptly named QuizMASter. The QuizMASter supports formative assessment by providing adaptive testing and feedback using intelligent pedagogical agents within an immersive game-based virtual learning environment. This enables instructors to use assessment as a motivational tool within an entertaining context where students do not feel the usual pressures related to taking tests.
Low Complexity Transmitter Architectures for SFBC MIMO-OFDM Systems

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with space-frequency block coding (SFBC) have a high computational complexity since the number of inverse fast Fourier transforms (IFFTs) required scales in direct proportion to the number of antennas at the transmitter. This paper proposes to generate the SFBC encoded signals of the various antennas in time domain by exploiting the time-domain signal properties and signal correlations among the various transmitter antennas, achieving a significant reduction in computational complexity. In particular, it is demonstrated that the time domain SFBC encoded signals of the various antennas can be obtained from the time domain signal of the first antenna. Therefore, the proposed scheme requires only one IFFT irrespective of the number of transmission antennas. In addition, a low-complexity peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction scheme is presented based on the proposed transmitter architectures.
Multi-label annotation of music

Automatic annotation of an audio or a music piece with multiple labels helps in understanding the composition of a music. Such meta-level information can be very useful in applications such as music transcription, retrieval, organization and personalization. In this work, we formulate the problem of annotation as multi-label classification which is considerably different from that of a popular single (binary or multi-class) label classification. We employ both the nearest neighbour and max-margin (SVM) formulations for the automatic annotation. We consider K-NN and SVM that are adapted for multi-label classification using one-vs-rest strategy and a direct multi-label classification formulation using ML-KNN and M3L. In the case of music, often the signatures of the labels (e.g. instruments and vocal signatures) are fused in the features. We therefore propose a simple feature augmentation technique based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) with an intuition to decompose a music piece into its constituent components. We conducted our experiments on two data sets - Indian classical instruments dataset and Emotions dataset [1], and validate the methods.