Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Weighted Voting Taggers to Languages Described with Large Tagsets

Manuscript received 7 July 2008; revised 2 July 2009Communicated by Milan RuskoAbstract. The paper presents baseline and complex part-of-speech taggers appliedto the modiﬁed corpus of Frequency Dictionary of Contemporary Polish, annotatedwith a large tagset. First, the paper examines accuracy of 6 baseline part-of-speechtaggers. The main part of the work presents simple weighted voting and complexvoting taggers. Special attention is paid to lexical voting methods and issues ofties and fallbacks. TagPair and WPDV voting methods achieve the top accuracyamong all considered methods. Error reduction 10.8% with respect to the bestbaseline tagger for the large tagset is comparable with other author’s results forsmall tagsets.Keywords: Part-of-speech tagging, combination tagger, weighted probability dis-tribution voting tagger, TagPair taggerMathematics Subject Classiﬁcation 2000: 68T50, 68T05, 68T35
A study on cache suppression control according to content popularity for in-network guidance

Content servers have become burdened by the transfer of large content sets such as high-definition video and music. To mitigate this problem, we propose a Mapping Server with Cache-location Resolution with Cache Suppression (MSCR/CS), which suppresses the unnecessary duplication of popular contents in network caches.Simulations show that MSCR/CS decreases content-server loads.
An Investigation into the Feasibility of the Semantic Web

We investigate the challenges that must be addressed for the Semantic Web to become a feasible enterprise. Specifically we focus on the query answering capability of the Semantic Web. We put forward that two key challenges we face are heterogeneity and scalability. We propose a flexible and decentralized framework for addressing the heterogeneity problem and demonstrate that sufficient reasoning is possible over a large dataset by taking advantage of database technologies and making some tradeoff decisions. As a proof of concept, we collect a significant portion of the available Semantic Web data; use our framework to resolve some heterogeneity and reason over the data as one big knowledge base. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of a "real" Semantic Web, our experiments have provided us with some interesting insights into how it is evolving and the type of queries that can be answered.
How robust is the recent cooling trend in the Antarctic Peninsula? [Dataset]

The upward evolution of temperatures in the Antarctic Peninsula has weakened and even reversed in the last two decades. Due to the long-term variability of the region it is not easy to assess whether observed recent cooling trends are consistent with the internal variability or not. For this reason, in this paper we assess the robustness of the trends by analyzing their sensitivity with respect to the choice of time period selected. Every possible temperature trend in the 1958-2016 interval has been calculated and displayed in a two-dimensional parameter diagram. Our results suggest that the warming observed in the Antarctic Peninsula since 1958 is robust, as all periods longer than 30 years exhibit statistically significant changes, especially in summer (with lower magnitude and higher significance) and autumn and winter (whit larger magnitude and lower significance). Instead, periods shorter than 30 years exhibit alternations of warming and cooling periods, and therefore do not represent robust trends even if they are statistically significant. Consequently, the recent 20-year cooling trend cannot be considered at the moment as an evidence of a shift in the overall sign of the trend.
Exposing region duplication through local geometrical color invariant features

Abstract. Many advanced image-processing softwares are available for tampering images. How to determine the authenticity of an image has become an urgent problem. Copy–move is one of the most common image forgery operations. Many methods have been proposed for copy–move forgery detection (CMFD). However, most of these methods are designed for grayscale images without any color information used. They are usually not suitable when the duplicated regions have little structure or have undergone various transforms. We propose a CMFD method using local geometrical color invariant features to detect duplicated regions. The method starts by calculating the color gradient of the inspected image. Then, we directly take the color gradient as the input for scale invariant features transform (SIFT) to extract color-SIFT descriptors. Finally, keypoints are matched and clustered before their geometrical relationship is estimated to expose the duplicated regions. We evaluate the detection performance and computational complexity of the proposed method together with several popular CMFD methods on a public database. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in detecting duplicated regions with various transforms and poor structure.
Design and analysis of a microfluidic bus network with bypass channels

Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field of research that deals with elementary hydraulic circuits with channels of micrometer size. At this scale, fluids exhibit very specific patterns that cannot be observed at the macro-scale. In particular, vortex forces become negligible, so that the behavior of fluids in the circuit becomes easily controllable and predictable. This technology is currently used in medicine and chemistry to perform specific tasks, such as blood analysis, DNA sequencing, and others. The interest on this technology has been increasing over the last few years and, recently, microfluidic circuits capable of performing simple logical operations have been proposed and experimentally tested, paving the way to a new research branch known as microfluidic networking. In this paper we analyze the design of a microfluidic network with a bus topology, where multiple microfluidic machines are connected to a main channel by means of passive switching elements, realized as T-junctions with bypass (shunt). We mathematically model the system and find the rules to be followed for proper design and dimensioning of such a microfluidic network. We then propose a preliminary performance analysis that gives some insights into the complex interrelations among the different elements of the microfluidic network.
Do sun spots influence the onset of ENSO and PDO events in the Pacific Ocean?

Abstract. The sea surface temperature (SST), anomalies (SST), ONI (Oceanographic El Niño Index) and MEI (Multivariate ENSO Index) in regions El Niño 1 + 2 (80° W–90° W, 0°–10° S) and 3.4 (5° N–5° S, 170° W–120° W) as well as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) indexes were correlated to sun spots number (SS) from cycles (SS#) 19 to 24 (1954–2017). Degree-six polynomial regression functions represented each of the six cycles with an average r2 > 0.89 (p
Anticipatory monitoring and control in a process environment

A methodology for the synthesis of engineering Anticipatory Systems is presented. It accounts for both random and fuzzy aspects of uncertainty introduced in process control, and develops mathematical measures of performance. The random, probabilistic component quantifies the uncertainty of occurrence of an event. The fuzzy, possibilistic component quantifies the imprecision in the meaning of an event. Facts about the system are represented as fuzzy information granules of the form: g = (number of carts carrying parts) is (small) is (likely). The performance measures are used as an input to the diagnostic and control functions which are assumed by a Production-Rule System. Using a fuzzified Bayes formula as the link between present and future states, a model-based system estimates at any time t, current performance as well as anticipated performance at time t + Δt. A control action can be taken at time t, based on both current and anticipated performance. Accordingly, the system can change its current state on the basis of both the current and the anticipated future state. The agency for the prediction is a model of the system and/or its environment which is internal to the system. The synthesis of such system is demonstrated using a model of a nuclear reactor. The model of the reactor is constructed using procedural programming methods and is coupled to a symbolic program which assumes the overall control function.
Responses of organic housed laying hens to dietary methionine and energy during a summer and winter season

Abstract The main dietary challenge in organic laying hen production is to fulfil the digestible methionine (MET) requirement in a diet consisting of ingredients of organic origin only. The aim of the present experiment was to determine the response of organic housed laying hens (26–34 weeks of age) to dietary energy and MET during a summer and winter trial. Per trial, a total of 128 17-week-old Brown Nick hens were allotted to 16 pens, which were connected to an outdoor run. Each experiment comprised 8 dietary treatments according to a 4 × 2 factorial design. The factors were AFD MET level (2.3, 2.7, 3.1 and 3.5 g/kg) and energy content (10.9 and 12.1 MJ). Dietary energy content did not affect energy intake (1361 kJ/d) in summer, whereas energy intake in winter was increased in hens that were fed on the 12.1-MJ diets (1514 vs. 1421 kJ/d). Maximal egg mass in summer was achieved if a diet with 3.5 g/kg MET was given, corresponding to a digestible MET intake of 421 mg/d. During winter, maximal egg mass was achieved with a digestible MET intake of 360 mg/d, which was already realised with a MET content of 2.7 g/kg. Because digestible MET content for maximal egg performance differed between the summer and winter trial, dietary energy to MET ratio might be adjusted to seasonal conditions.
Named Entity Recognition in Biomedical Texts using an HMM Model

Although there exists a huge number of biomedical texts online, there is a lack of tools good enough to help people get information or knowledge from them. Named entity Recognition (NER) becomes very important for further processing like information retrieval, information extraction and knowledge discovery. We introduce a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for NER, with a word similarity-based smoothing. Our experiment shows that the word similarity-based smoothing can improve the performance by using huge unlabeled data. While many systems have laboriously hand-coded rules for all kinds of word features, we show that word similarity is a potential method to automatically get word formation, prefix, suffix and abbreviation information automatically from biomedical texts, as well as useful word distribution information.
Cochlear Implants: System Design, Integration, and Evaluation

As the most successful neural prosthesis, cochlear implants have provided partial hearing to more than 120000 persons worldwide; half of which being pediatric users who are able to develop nearly normal language. Biomedical engineers have played a central role in the design, integration and evaluation of the cochlear implant system, but the overall success is a result of collaborative work with physiologists, psychologists, physicians, educators, and entrepreneurs. This review presents broad yet in-depth academic and industrial perspectives on the underlying research and ongoing development of cochlear implants. The introduction accounts for major events and advances in cochlear implants, including dynamic interplays among engineers, scientists, physicians, and policy makers. The review takes a system approach to address critical issues in cochlear implant research and development. First, the cochlear implant system design and specifications are laid out. Second, the design goals, principles, and methods of the subsystem components are identified from the external speech processor and radio frequency transmission link to the internal receiver, stimulator and electrode arrays. Third, system integration and functional evaluation are presented with respect to safety, reliability, and challenges facing the present and future cochlear implant designers and users. Finally, issues beyond cochlear implants are discussed to address treatment options for the entire spectrum of hearing impairment as well as to use the cochlear implant as a model to design and evaluate other similar neural prostheses such as vestibular and retinal implants.
A comparison of various rate functions of a recurrent event process in the presence of a terminal event

Several different rate functions of the recurrent event process have been proposed for analysing recurrent event data when the observation of a study subject can be terminated by a failure event, such as death. When the terminal event is correlated with the underlying recurrent event process, these rate functions have different interpretations; however, recognition of the differences has been lacking theoretically and practically. In this article, we study the relationship between these rate functions and demonstrate that models based on an inappropriate rate function may lead to misleading scientific conclusions in various scenarios. An analysis of data from an AIDS clinical trial is presented to emphasise the importance of cautious model selection.
Unnecessary Antiretroviral Treatment Switches and Accumulation of HIV Resistance Mutations; Two Arguments for Viral Load Monitoring in Africa

Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the consequences of using clinicoimmunological criteria to detect antiretroviral treatment (ART) failure and guide regimen switches in HIV-infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Frequencies of unnecessary switches, patterns of HIV drug resistance, and risk factors for the accumulation of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-associated mutations were evaluated. Methods:Cross-sectional analysis of adults switching ART regimens at 13 clinical sites in 6 African countries was performed. Two types of failure identification were compared: diagnosis of clinicoimmunological failure without viral load testing (CIF only) or CIF with local targeted viral load testing (targeted VL). After study enrollment, reference HIV RNA and genotype were determined retrospectively. Logistic regression assessed factors associated with multiple thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) and NRTI cross-resistance (≥2 TAMs or Q151M or K65R/K70E). Results:Of 250 patients with CIF switching to second-line ART, targeted VL was performed in 186. Unnecessary switch at reference HIV RNA <1000 copies per milliliter occurred in 46.9% of CIF only patients versus 12.4% of patients with targeted VL (P < 0.001). NRTI cross-resistance was observed in 48.0% of 183 specimens available for genotypic analysis, comprising ≥2 TAMs (37.7%), K65R (7.1%), K70E (3.3%), or Q151M (3.3%). The presence of NRTI cross-resistance was associated with the duration of ART exposure and zidovudine use. Conclusions:Clinicoimmunological monitoring without viral load testing resulted in frequent unnecessary regimen switches. Prolonged treatment failure was indicated by extensive NRTI cross-resistance. Access to virological monitoring should be expanded to prevent inappropriate switches, enable early failure detection and preserve second-line treatment options in Africa.
So Far and Yet So Close: Predictors of Closeness in Local and Long-Distance Relationships

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A Change Proposal Driven Approach for Changeability Assessment Using FCA-Based Impact Analysis

Given a change proposal, how can we evaluate the changeability of the original system to absorb this change proposal before change implementation? Changes to software often have unexpected ripple effects. To avoid this and alleviate the risk of performing undesirable changes, a predictive measurement of these ripple effects should be conducted and a decision of acceptance or rejection should be made on this change proposal. In this paper, we propose an approach to evaluate a software system's changeability with two steps. First, our approach uses formal concept analysis to perform change impact analysis ($CIA$), which estimates the ripple effects of the change proposal. Then, we propose a novel impactness metric to indicate the system's changeability to absorb this change proposal. Case studies on three real-world programs show the effectiveness of our changeability assessment approach.
Automatic Summarization from Indonesian Hashtag on Twitter Using TF-IDF and Phrase Reinforcement Algorithm

The objective of this research is to produce a summary about what is currently happening from Indonesian hashtag on Twitter. Combination of TF-IDF (term frequency-inverse document frequency) and Phrase Reinforcement Algorithm are used as the methodology to do the automatic summarization. We use 2 sentences as the final summary result. It contains all essential information given by Twitter data. At the end of this paper, we describe the evaluation result by analyzing result using Precision and ROUGE. Based on the result, we conclude that TF-IDF and Phrase Reinforcement Algorithm can successfully generate summary and it works well enough on hashtags that do not have such lot variants of the word. Generally, summary results quality is quite low because the data still contains too much noise. The precision is 0.327 and ROUGE-1 is 0.3087.
Identification of Dermatophytes Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction

Background Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows more than two target DNA molecules to be amplified with more than two primers. This method is also useful for detecting various other organisms simultaneously within a single test tube, and the scope of its use has been expanding widely in the field of clinical microbiology in recent years. Objective To assess the value of multiplex PCR in identification of dermatophytes. Methods Using three specially-designed primers which contained the ITS1-2, 18S rRNA, and 28S rRNA regions, three cycles of PCR were performed on 11 standard strains and scales were collected from 73 patients with fungal infection. Results The 11 standard strains were successfully identified with analysis of band patterns of ITS1-2, 18S rRNA, and 28S rRNA, obtained from PCR. Based on this information, the causative organisms in 73 patients with fungal infection were revealed to be T. rubrum in 69 cases, T. menta in 1 case, T. tonsurans in 2 cases, and M. gypseum in one case. Conclusion With three cycles of PCR using three sets of primers, 11 standard strains and the clinical strains from 73 patients with fungal infection were successfully identified.
NaCl and fluid secretion by the intestine of the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus: involvement of CFTR.

Sections of posterior intestine of the euryhaline killifish Fundulus heteroclitus adapted to sea water were stimulated by the calcium ionophore ionomycin (1 micromol l(-1)) in combination with agents to elevate intracellular cyclic AMP levels, 0.5 mmol l(-1) dibutyryl-cyclic AMP (db-cAMP) with 0.1 mmol l(-1) 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Intestinal bag preparations from recently fed animals (but not from overnight unfed animals) changed from fluid absorption (+18.9+/-8.30 microl cm(-2) h(-1), N=8) in the untreated control period to net fluid secretion after stimulation (-7.43+/-1.30 microl cm(-2) h(-1), N=8, P<0.01; means +/- S.E. M. ), indicative of the capacity of teleost intestine to undergo secretion. Posterior intestinal pieces mounted in vitro in Ussing-style membrane chambers showed net Cl(-) uptake (+2.245+/-0.633 microequiv cm(-2) h(-1), N=7) that turned to net secretion following stimulation by ionomycin + db-cAMP + IBMX (-3.809+/-1.22 microequiv cm(-2) h(-1), N=7, P<0.01). Mucosal application of the anion channel blocker 1 mmol l(-1) diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC) after ionomycin + db-cAMP + IBMX treatment significantly reduced serosal-to-mucosal unidirectional Cl(-) flux (P<0.001), net Cl(-) flux (P<0.05), short-circuit current (I(sc), P<0.001) and tissue conductance (G(t), P<0.001), while 0.1 mmol l(-1) 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene-disulphonic acid (DIDS, a blocker of anion exchange) was without effect. Stimulation by db-cAMP + IBMX (no ionomycin) significantly increased unidirectional fluxes, I(sc) and G(t) but did not produce net Cl(-) secretion. Ionomycin alone produced a transient increase in I(sc) but had no effect on G(t) and caused no significant changes in unidirectional or net Cl(-) fluxes. Addition of db-cAMP + IBMX after ionomycin treatment produced net secretion of Cl(-) and large increases in unidirectional fluxes and G(t). Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) was immunocytochemically localized with a monoclonal mouse antibody to the carboxy terminus and found to be present in the cytoplasm and basolateral membranes of all enterocytes and in the brush-border membrane of some cells, whereas NKCC immunofluorescence, demonstrating the presence of the Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransporter, was present in the cytoplasm and brush-border membrane. We conclude that the teleost intestine is capable of salt and fluid secretion only if intracellular Ca(2+) and cyclic AMP pathways are stimulated together and that this secretion appears to involve activation of CFTR ion channels in the apical membrane of a subpopulation of enterocytes.