Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taxonomical studies on rocky freshwater prawns at Erin-Ijesha waterfalls

The taxonomical studies on the freshwater prawn species found at Erin-Ijesha waterfalls were carried out. The morphometric variables compared with the meristic features of the prawns were used to identify and then classify the prawns into the appropriate category (i.e. family. genus and species). There were significant differences (p<0.05) for all morphological and meristics data obtained on the prawns. The length-weight relationship. weight-fecundity relationship and length-fecundity relationship were also determined. Estimated numbers of eggs from 120 berried females ranged from 10 to 27 and egg number per mg of total body weight was 2.47. The regression equation and R 2 value for length-weight relationship are W = -0.0522 + 0.067L and 0.852 respectively while the regression equation and the R 2 value for fecundity and weight/length relationship are F = -16.957 + 5.381x 1 + 17.79x 2 and 0.331 respectively. The morphometric and meristic features revealed that the fresh water prawns at Erin-Ijesha belongs to the infraorder Caridea, family Atyidae and genus Caridina. The results also showed that there exists a strong relationship between length and weight (R 2 =0.7+1). The relationship between fecundity and weight is weak (R 2 =0.382) and that between fecundity and length is relatively strong (R = 0.64). This means that as length increases, weight also increases and the number of eggs (fecundity) is directly proportional to the length of the prawn.
Regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated Genetic Transformation of Two Indigenous Potato Varieties of Bangladesh

Maximum shoot regeneration in two indigenous potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was observed on MS semi-solid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/l GA3. Among the two varieties, namely Lal Pakri and Jam Alu the former showed best response in terms of number of shoots/explant, nodes/shoot and shoot length. Half strength of MS containing 0.1 mg/l IAA was found to be best for root induction from the excised shoots. Two strains of Agrobacterium namely, LBA4404 containing pBI121 and EHA105 having plasmid pCAMBIA1301 were used for transformation. Among the two strains, LBA4404 with the vector pBI121 showed better response. In the nodal segment of Lal Pakri, the transformed zone coincided with the regeneration point. Regeneration from transformed tissue was obtained on MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/l GA3. Histochemical GUS assay showed the expression of GUS gene in the leaf tissues of the transformed shoot.
Snake Occurrences in Grassland Associated with Road versus Forest Edges

Abstract Roads cause direct mortality of animals, but less is known about how this mortality translates into changes in populations. This is particularly true for snakes, which have been subject to little research at the population level compared to other taxa. We studied the effects of proximity to a heavily traveled road on snake populations in three old-field sites at Cicero Swamp Wildlife Management Area in Cicero, New York. We conducted 26 surveys of snakes from June to August 2006 on a regular grid of cover boards at different distances from the road and nearest forest edge and measured the microclimate at each cover board. Adult Common Gartersnakes, Thamnophis sirtalis, and Northern Brown Snakes, Storeria dekayi dekayi, occurred independently of distance from the road but were more abundant farther from the forest edge. The lack of a “road effect” was surprising, given that both species of snakes have been shown to be prone to road-mortality in previous studies and could be caused by either snakes avoiding crossing roads or mortality events being rare. Increased abundance of snakes farther from the forest edge suggests that snakes prefer sites that receive direct sunlight for longer periods of the day. Our study indicates that snake abundance is not necessarily influenced by proximity to roads and that the location of other habitat edges such as a forest-grassland interface may be a more important driver of patterns of spatial distribution.
Levantamento fitossociológico das comunidades de plantas infestantes em áreas de produção de arroz irrigado cultivado sob diferentes sistemas de manejo

This research aimed to identify the floristic composition of weed communities present in lowland agricultural areas under different management systems. The trial was carried out in flooded rice areas of two different co-ops located in Formoso do Araguaia, Tocantins, Brazil: Mista Rural Vale do Javaes Co-op and Agroindustrial Rio Formoso Co-op. Three different 1 ha areas were selected: 1 - area under 5- year no crop rotation system (rice/fallow); 2 - area under 5- year rice/soybean crop rotation system; and 3 - area under 2- year rice/water-melon crop rotation system. The characterization and phyto-sociological studies of the weed community were carried out using square samples of 1.0 x 1.0 meter randomly placed inside each selected area (Inventory Square Method). Eight families and 16 species were identified in the no-crop rotation area, with the family Poaceae presenting the largest number of species and Fimbristylis miliacea (Cyperaceae) presenting the highest relative importance value (84.46%). The 5-year rice soybean crop rotation system area had 8 families and 12 species with the Poaceae and Cyperaceae presenting the largest number of species and Cyperus esculentus (Cyperaceae) the highest relative importance value (91. 40 %). Six families and 8 species were identified in the 2-year rice/water-melon crop rotation system area, with the Euphorbiaceae and Lamiaceae families presenting the largest number of species. Physalis angulata (Solanaceae) showed the highest relative importance value (153.10%), followed by Eclipta alba (Compositae) and Hyptis lophanta (Lamiaceae) with a relative importance value of 40.50% and 37.60%, respectively.
Essential oils main constituents and antibacterial activity of seeds from Iranian local landraces of dill (Anethum graveolens L.).

In this study essential oils of seeds from eighteen Iranian local landraces of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) were chemically analyzed and their possible inhibitory effects were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria. The investigated oil was hydrodistilled from air dried seeds and analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The screening of antimicrobial activity of essential oil samples was individually evaluated by measuring their diameter of inhibition zone (DD) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. Twenty-seven constituents were identified (≥99.8% of total oil samples) with carvone and limonene, which are as the most abundant compounds that totally constituted about 51.2% to 91.0% of investigated essential oils. Dill apiole (0.2-31.9%), trans-dihydrocarvone (3.6-14.5%) and α-phellandrene (0.2-6.6%) were of other components in appreciable amounts. Moreover, the highest activity of A. graveolens oils was observed against Bacillus subtilis (DD= 27 mm; MIC= 1.87 mg/ml). However, E. coli was the most sensitive Gram-negative and, on the contrary, E. faecalis was the most resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
A study of Biofilm on Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the chronic wound infection and leads to 90% of non-traumatic lower limb amputation. One of the virulence factors for chronicity might be due to biofilm phenotype exhibited by more than one microorganism.The present study is to detect the biofilm formation among the isolates obtained from patients with diabetic foot infection. A prospective study was carried out over a period of one year from June 2010 to May 2011.Informed consent was obtained. Pus swab was collected from 62 patients.All the pus swabs were brought to microbiology laboratory soon after collection and processed by standard procedure. Identified isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing to know the drug sensitivity pattern. Biofilm forming potential of the isolates were identified by microtitre plate method.A total of 82 isolates were obtained from pus swab of 62 patients with DFU. 70.73% (58/82) isolates were biofilm producers. Multi-drug resistant organism (MDRO) was noted in 55.55 % of gram positive cocci (20/36) and 67.39% of gram negative bacilli (31/46). Our study shows that 80.39% of the MDRO are biofilm producers.Proper screening of MDRO and detection of biofilm among various clinical isolates from DFU might helps to manage and modify the antibiotic treatment policies in future.
The osteology of Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis, a sauropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Kota Formation of India

Abstract Extensive and well preserved sauropod material belonging to more than twelve individuals were recovered from the Early Jurassic Kota Formation of India. The sauropod Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis is characterized by simple dorsal vertebrae and a low iliac blade. Detailed osteological description of Kotasaurus is presented. The characters that distinguish Kotasaurus from the primitive sauropods are provided. It is considered to be one of the earliest sauropods and has some primitive features. The character analysis revealed that Kotasaurus is a basal sauropod in addition to Vulcanodon, Shunosaurus, Barapasaurus, and Omeisaurus.
Antimicrobial Activities of Volatile Components and Various Extracts of Dictyopteris membranaceae. and Cystoseira barbata. from the Coast of Izmir, Turkey

Abstract The methanol, dichloromethane, hexane, chloroform, and volatile components of Dictyopteris membranaceae. (Stackhouse) Batters (Dictyotaceae) and Cystoseira barbata. (Good et Woodw.) J. Agardh (Cystoseiraceae) were tested for their antimicrobial activities (four Gram-positive bacteria, four Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans. ATCC 10239). Five compounds were identified in the volatile oil of D. membranaceae. accounting for >85% of the composition of the volatile oil. Twenty-eight compounds were identified in the volatile oil of C. barbata. accounting for >67% of the composition of the volatile oil. Major components were 6-butyl-1,4-cycloheptadiene (43.21%) for D. membranaceae. and docosane (7.61%) and tetratriacontane (7.47%) for C. barbata. Many compounds in the volatile oil of C. barbata. were identified as hydrocarbon compounds. The volatile oils of these algae did not remarkably inhibit the growth of tested microorganisms. However, the hexane extracts showed more potent antimicrobial activity than methanol, dichloromethane, and chloroform extracts.
Multivariate analysis in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L).

An experiment was conducted to analyze the genetic diversity among 40 genotypes for 21 morpho-physiological characters in upland cotton at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh. The 40 genotypes were grouped into seven clusters based on hierarchial cluster analysis. Among all the clusters, cluster II was the largest containing 11 genotypes followed by cluster I with eight genotypes and cluster III with seven genotypes. This random distribution of genotypes indicated absence of parallelism between geographical and genetic diversity. In principal component analysis first eight principal components with eigen value more than one contributed 87.35% towards the total variability. It was, therefore, inferred that the essential features of data set had been represented in the first eight principal components. PC1 contributed maximum towards variability (24.28%).
Nanosuspension: An Emerging Trend for Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drugs

Drug effectiveness is influenced by a crucial factor like solubility of drug, independence of the route of administration. Most of the newly discovered drugs coming out from High-throughput screening are failing due to their poor water solubility which is major problem for dosage form design. Now a day, nanoscale systems for drug delivery have gained much interest as a way to improve the solubility problems. Nanosuspension technology is a unique and economical approach to overcome poor bioavailability that is related with the delivery of hydrophobic drugs, including those that are poorly soluble in aqueous media. Design and development of nanosuspension of such drugs is an attractive alternative to solve this problem. Preparation of nanosuspension is simple and applicable to all poorly soluble drugs. A nanosuspension not only solves the problem of solubility and bioavailability but also alters pharmacokinetic profile of the drug which may also improve safety and efficacy. This review article takes account of introduction, advantages, properties, formulation consideration, preparation, characterization and application of the nanosuspensions.
The choice and outcome of the fertility treatment of 38 couples in whom the male partner has a Yq microdeletion

BACKGROUND: Patients with Yq microdeletions may suffer from fertility problems. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of the fertility treatment of these patients. METHODS: For 38 patients with Yq microdeletions, data were collected about medical history, karyotype, testicular histopathology and the presence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate or testicular biopsies. RESULTS: Sixteen patients with an azoospermia factor region c (AZFc) deletion had at least one cycle with ICSI. The clinical pregnancy outcome was 22% per embryo transfer. Three babies have been born and two pregnancies are ongoing. Sex selection for female embryos in combination with ICSI in order to prevent the transmission of the fertility problems was discussed with 14 couples; eight were in favour of the selection. In addition, eight couples made the decision to use donor sperm because ICSI was impossible or objectionable and, in this group of patients, a total of nine babies were born. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the improvement of assisted reproductive technology, ICSI could be offered only to patients with an AZFc deletion. Insemination with donor sperm is a potential alternative for other patients.
Potassium Availability as Affected by Its Application to Rice at Two Moisture Regimes on Laterite Soils

Potassium application increased the yield of rice in greenhouse tests with two laterite soils one from West Bengal and the other from Karnataka, the latter having a higher content of available K than the former. The effect was more prominent when the soil was kept under continuous submergence or under alternate wetting and drying condition. Response to potassium in terms of both yield and uptake of K was relatively higher with the latter moisture treatment. The residual effect of the treatments (K and moisture) on wheat was reflected in increased uptake of K and also P in the soil from Karnataka.
In vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of the Peels of Citrus medica L

The antibacterial effect of the peels of Citrus medica L. was evaluated on bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus MTCC96, Escherichia coli MTCC739, Proteus vulgaris MTCC426, Bacillus subtilis MTCC441, Klebsiella pneumonia MTCC109 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC424. The solvent used for the extraction of plants was water ethanol. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar cup method. The most susceptible Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus while the most susceptible Gram-negative bacteria was K. pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The significant antibacterial activity of active extract was compared with the standard antibiotic, streptomycin (100 ppm). The results obtained in the present study suggest that peels of Citrus medica L can be used in treating diseases caused by the test organisms.
Efficacy of benzoic acid in the feeding of weanling pigs

SUMMARY – Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding benzoic acid on the performance of weanling pigs. Ninety-six and forty-eight piglets (4 wk of age) were used in trials 1 and 2 respectively. For each trial half of the piglets were fed a control diet and the other half the same diet with 0.5 % benzoic acid. In both trials benzoic acid improved body weight gain (P<0.01) and feed to gain ratio (P<0.1) during the pre-starter phase (0-14 days). Similarly, during the starter phase (14-28 days) benzoic acid improved weight gain in trials 1 and 2 (P<0.05 and P<0.1 respectively) and feed intake in trial 1 (P<0.1). Over the whole trial (0-28 days), benzoic acid improved weight gain in trials 1 and 2 (P<0.05) and also improved feed intake and feed to gain ratio (P<0.1) in trial 1. At the end of trial 1, twenty-four pigs were slaughtered and their urine was sampled. It was observed that benzoic acid significantly lowered (P<0.1) the pH in urine and that hippuric acid concentration in urine increased (P<0.01) as a result of the metabolism of benzoic acid. It is concluded that the inclusion of 0.5% benzoic acid in pre-starter and starter diets for piglets improves their performance and reduces the pH in urine by increasing its hippuric acid concentration.
Physical Growth of Sasak Children at Different Altitudes in Lombok Island

The physical growth that occurs in schoolage children is makes this period one of the most important phases in the human life cycle. Within this period, puberty is indicated by growth spurts that increase both stature (BH) and bodyweight (BW). The focus of this research is to evaluate the age-related body size variation in Sasak children living at different altitudes on the island of Lombok, Indonesia: low, medium, and high. Our results showed that children living at low altitude were taller and heavier than children of the same age living at medium and high altitudes. Up until the onset of puberty, the children at medium altitude have similar stature and weight to those residing at high altitude, but they are shorter and lighter thereafter. There were significant differences in the height and weight of girls in different altitude locations, but no significant difference for boys. The effect of SES on child growth can be comparison between Sasak and other populations in Indonesia. In general, the Sasak children are shorter and lighter than children of the same age in urban populations, and relatively similar in size to the children in rural populations. Indicators of socioeconomic status such as family income and parental education were shown to be more influential factors in the differentiation of physical growth between populations than the altitude factor
Studies on antimicrobial, antioxidant and phytochemical analysis of Urena lobata Leave extract

The leaves extracts of Urena lobata L were examined for their antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Preliminary evaluation of both the crude and the solvent fractions showed a broad spectrum of activity since the extracts inhibit the growth of both gram positive and gram negative bacterial isolates. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions had a fast antioxidant reaction with DPPH solution, while the n-hexane and dichloromethane fractions gave no reaction. Three compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and their structures determined, on the basis of spectroscopic data, to be kaempferol 1, quercetin 2, and 3-O-β-D-(6″-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-glucopyranosyl-kaempferol 3 (tiliroside). The compounds showed strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus polyxyma and Candida albicans. The compounds also showed moderate to fast radical scavenging properties against DPPH radical. It was concluded that the isolated flavanoids may be part of the compounds responsible for the biological activity of Urena lobata leaf extract. This study therefore supports the traditional uses of the plant in the treatment of infectious diseases.
Nonoperative Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis

It is common to see patients in the clinic complaining of knee pain, many of whom have osteoarthritis (OA). Most patients with knee OA can initially be treated successfully with nonoperative modalities, although eventually, surgical treatment may be necessary to resolve symptoms. Medicare requires increasingly stringent documentation of nonoperative treatment failures prior to approving payment for arthroplasty procedures. It is no longer suf cient to dictate that a patient “failed nonoperative treatment for knee OA and is ready to proceed with total knee arthroplasty. ” Hospital records must indicate the duration, speci c types, and outcomes of nonoperative treatments that have been performed. Speci c functional limitations and activity modi cations should be documented in the hospital chart. A minimum of 3 months of nonoperative management needs to be documented in the patient’s history and physical.
Integration of Organic Amendments and Antagonists for the Management of Sheath Blight in Aromatic Rice

The effect of integration of organic amendments with fungal or bacterial antagonists ( Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens ) applied as soil treatment was evaluated against sheath blight disease in Basmati rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani under field conditions. Neem cake + T. harzianum was found to be the most effective treatment in reducing the disease incidence by up to 57.27% and disease severity by 54.77% followed by farm yard manure (FYM) + T. harzianu m, which resulted in the reduction of disease incidence to 53.77% and disease severity to 52.29%, respectively. Among all the organic amendments, reduction of sheath blight was lowest with sawdust + P. fluorescens with disease incidence of 40.94% and disease severity of 35.29%. Maximum increase in grain yield (39.44%) and 1000-grain weight of rice (29.19g) were recorded with neem cake + T. harzianum treatment followed by treatments FYM + T. harzianum and pressmud + T. harzianum . Minimum increase in grain yield (9.76%) and 1000-grain weight (11.53%) were recorded with the treatment Sawdust + P. fluorescens.
FAMILY INTERACTION

Of course, from childhood to forever, we are always thought to love reading. It is not only reading the lesson book but also reading everything good is the choice of getting new inspirations. Religion, sciences, politics, social, literature, and fictions will enrich you for not only one aspect. Having more aspects to know and understand will lead you become someone more precious. Yea, becoming precious can be situated with the presentation of how your knowledge much.
Évaluation de la Rétention Respiratoire et de L'élimination du Radioiode Après Contaminàtion Aérienne du Singe

SummaryLe tractus respiratoire du singe Macaccus rhesus contamine par voie aerienne par des aerosols solubles de radioiode (particules de 2, 3 μ) retient 50 pour cent des particules inhalees. L'elimination urinaire et fecale de l'iode 131 a la suite de cette contamination se superpose a celle que l'on observe apres injection intraveineuse, lente ou rapide, de cet element au meme animal. Le radioiode elimine represente en 2 jours 50 pour cent environ de la quantite primitivement retenue par les voies aeriennes.
Comparative study of certain egg quality traits of Vanaraja and White Leghorn chicken

In the present investigation egg quality traits of dual purpose Vanaraja chicken were studied in comparison with that of White leghorn chicken. The means of egg quality traits such as egg weight, shape index, specific gravity, shell thickness, albumen index, yolk index and Haugh unit of Vanaraja chicken at 40 weeks of age were 60.79±0.78 g, 75.45±0.57, 1.098±0.0009, 0.427±0.012 mm, 0.080±0.0038, 0.3686±0.006, and 80.26±1.44, respectively. Whereas, means of egg weight, shape index, specific gravity, shell thickness, albumen index, yolk index and Haugh unit of White leghorn chicken were 54.29±0.73 g, 73.5510. 52, 1.086±0.0014, 0.342±0.015 mm, 0.084±0.003, 0.365±0.007 and 81.85±1.42, respectively. There were signifIcant differences between Vanaraja and White leghorn chicken for egg weight, shape index, specific gravity and shell thickness, however, no significant differences were observed for albumen index, yolk index and Haugh unit.