Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demystifying a Possible Relationship between COVID-19, Air Quality and Meteorological Factors: Evidence from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

ABSTRACT Air pollution is the culprit to yearly millions of deaths worldwide, deteriorating human health. What is not yet clear is the impact of environmental factors on susceptibility to getting infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The study aimed to determine associations between air quality, meteorological factors, and COVID-19 cases in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Air pollutants and meteorological data in 2018–2020 were obtained from the Department of Environment Malaysia, while daily new COVID-19 cases in 2020 were obtained from the Ministry of Health Malaysia. Data collected were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). There were significant differences between PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, O3, and solar radiation in 2019 and 2020 since movement control order (MCO) was implemented on 18 March 2020. Spearman’s correlation test showed that COVID-19 cases were positively correlated with PM10 (r = 0.131, p < 0.001), PM2.5 (r = 0.151, p < 0.001), SO2 (r = 0.091, p = 0.003), NO2 (r = 0.228, p < 0.001), CO (r = 0.269, p = 0.001), and relative humidity (RH) (r = 0.106, p = 0.001), whereas ambient temperature (AT) was negatively correlated with COVID-19 cases (r = –0.118, p < 0.001). Further, multiple linear regression suggested that NO2 and AT (R2 = 0.071, p < 0.001, f 2 = 0.08) were the most significant air pollutant and meteorological factors with weak contribution that influenced the incidence of COVID-19 cases in Kuala Lumpur. In general, better air quality, lower RH, higher AT, along with the targeted approach implemented thus far, have proven to curb the spread of this virus infection in Malaysia. This study supports future research in studies documented to understand the potential of transmission, survival, and infection of SARS-CoV-2.
GENERIC DRUG: PRESCRIBER’S PERSPECTIVE

Objective: Knowledge of doctors and their understanding of generic drugs could facilitate in recognizing potential barriers to larger generic medicine prescriptions. Hence, the primary objective of this study was focused to explore knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of doctors toward generic medicines. Methods: It is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. The study participants are the doctors working in the hospital during the study period (2016–2017). The questionnaire designed for this study comprised of thirty-five questions related to the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of generic medicine and about demographic details of the participants. Results: A total of 86 questionnaires were distributed among the health care professionals and the response rate is 37%. The majority of doctors who participated in this survey perceived that generic medicine is effective, safe and need to have the same active component, dose and bioequivalent as the brand name medicines. Most of the doctors (72%) were of the view that generic drugs were manufactured in poor quality than branded medicines. More than three-quarters of doctors (78%) prescribed generic drugs. Conclusion: Majority of the participants had an honest angle about the efficaciousness and safety of generic and though they sometimes prescribe generic medicine, however a high range of doctors (72%) were of the opinion that generic was of poorer quality than brand medicine. To have a better understanding of the generic drug, the doctor must be well informed about the generics during their academic career resulting in savings to healthcare budgets.
COVID-19: BRIEF REVIEW ON PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS

Though coronaviruses are firstly recognized almost 6 decades back, but only reputed in 2003 and were identified that one of the members is served as the aetiologic vehicle for SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome). Formerly coronaviruses are well-known as crucial pathogens for causing infections to ventilatory system nothing but respiratory system and enteric system nothing but digestive system of patients, causing common cold in 15% cases of all cases. The coronaviruses are probably human pathogens accomplished with pathological signs in upper and lower respiratory tract. The virological studies particularly coronavirology has been remarkably developed from the last decade. Animal coronaviruses were enlightened during the SARS wide-spread and COVID-19 pandemic brought human coronaviruses (Novel coronavirus-2019) into the spotlight.On 7th WHO briefed the “evidence emerging” of the transmission of the COVID-19 through air. The potentiality of spread air in in poorly ventilated, crowded places is high. Our review gives an account on investigational drugs and repurposed drugs that are being used for management and treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with their Id’s and mechanism of action against SARS-CoV-2 and data regarding current clinical investigations is also provided.
The Type of Leprosy Based on the Characteristics of Lepers in West Papua Province and North Maluku Province; Comparative Studies

The prevalence of leprosy cases has increased every years, the government program has been on going until now, but leprosy cases are still a national problem. The purpose of this study is to describe the type of leprosy based on the characteristics of lepers. The study used a community-based cross-sectional design. The results obtained that West Papua Province and North Maluku Province have leprosy burden with the same classification type, namely Multybaciller (MB) type. Male gender has more MB type of leprosy. West Papua and North Maluku. Based on the age of MB leprosy type in West Papua, the highest age range is 15-26 years and Paucybaciller (PB) at age > 14 years, North Maluku is most at age 27-44 years and PB at age>14 years. Conclution. The type of leprosy in general is the type of multibasilarry (MB), this means that leprosy is still a major threat to a comunnities, leprosy cases are also found in male gender with MB type and many cases of leprosy occurs in patients with young adult and adult age.
SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION DUE TO CORONAVIRUS

This research has been conducted to discover if peoplearebecomingaddicted of social media these days during coronavirus. Additionally, it has also beenanalyzed in this study that as people are having much free time so if they get stressedandanxietywhen they spend less time on socialmedia in this time of Covid-19. These two are the main goals of this investigation.For collection of data, there has been formed a questionnaire that contains six different questions. The questionnaire has been sent to people via social media as the situation does not permit to meet people physically and get responses from them due to coronavirus and lockdown.Questionsof this survey are not specific for any area whereas these are for worldwide responses.The questionnaire was sent to 1092 people for getting their feedbacks and 404 people conveyed their valuable feedbacks through questionnaire. This study is important as it is going to assist in determining whether people are spending their free time on social media and becoming addicted of it during Covid-19. The data for this study has been presented in charts and graphs.The outcomes obtained through this study shows that most of the people agree that they are using social media higher than ever before during Covid-19 because of staying at home.
What counts and matters in early childhood: Narratives of interests and outcomes

Evidence of outcomes of the early years is highly dependent on what is considered as an outcome, the curriculum and relationships children experience, and the research designs and methods used to ascertain the value of early childhood education. This article reports from an original study in New Zealand that used narrative inquiry to interview young adults about their interests as children, ways these interests were stimulated and responded to, and the trajectory and outcomes of the interest in their lives-to-date. The findings suggest that interests provided sources of motivation, achievement, enjoyment and satisfaction in their lives, sustained the participants during difficult times, and led to a range of outcomes. This article argues that the evidence base for early childhood education needs to incorporate a broader view of what counts as outcomes and considers children’s interests thoughtfully as part of what matters. It also needs to include qualitative methodologies in studies seeking evidence of outcomes to enable the richness of human life experience and the social and cultural contexts of children’s upbringings to be captured.
Application of solid-liquid extraction with organic acids for recovery of precious metal from technological waste in disuse

The electro and electronic industry has been increasing gradually, causing an increase in the generation of waste of electrical and electronic equipment, which have several components that have added value such as - for example - gold. Aiming at environmental protection, measures are sought for the recovery of these metals, through tests with several technologies such as leaching. This consists in separating the component from the solid part, transferring it to the liquid part, using acids. It is necessary to study acids that are less harmful to the environment. Thus, microprocessors of obsolete computers were collected, their characterization was carried out and the elements present in the pins were identified. After the characterization, the leaching stage was carried out, firstly with aqua regia; then with acetic and citric acids. The leaching results presented about 10 mg / L of gold with aqua regia and about 0.5 mg / L with citric acid.
Uncovering the Food Heritage based on Age Differences

Food can be used as markers for the identity of an individual or society regardless of the geographical, social and political differences separating the populations on one nation. It is a contested medium that establishes national boundaries and identities. The study aims to examine national food heritage awareness in the Klang Valley area based on age. The study involved 676 respondents using a self-completed questionnaire survey. Purposive sampling is being used in selecting the sample based on age, which required respondents to be 30 years old or older and have knowledge of heritage food. Statistic analysis such as frequency and cross-tabulation on age category (30-35 and >36 years old). Results revealed that there is only one common definition agreed by both age category (p>0.05) which is the traditional food are considered as food heritage. Both age using electronic media to gather information regarding on gazette National Food Heritage (p>0.05). However, on the knowledge on the authority responsible on gazette National Food Heritage respondent with adult age ( > 36 years old ) are more knowledgeable than younger adult (30-35 years old) (p 36 years old) than young adult (30-35 years old). Respondent chooses the main criteria 'traditional value' which showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the age. There is a different understanding between young adult and adult on food heritage which authority need to highlight and create awareness in the national food heritage, especially in developing better promotion based on age groups. Keywords: Awareness; Food Heritage; Age; Demographic. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. Adilah Md Ramli, Dg Khairunisa Ahmad Sapawi, Harifah Mohd Noor, & Mohd Salehuddin Mohd Zahari. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
Studies on effect of phosphorus levels, time of it’s application along with arbuscular mycorrhiza on yield, quality and phosphorus use efficiency in sugarcane

A field experiment was conducted in clayey textured soil at N.M. College of Agriculture, Research farm, Navsari Agril. , University, Navsari, Gujarat during 2017-18 and 2018-19 with the view to evaluate an appropriate phosphorus level (100 and 75% of RD of P 2 O 5 ), determining the time of P 2 O 5 application (Basal and 50-50% Split), with and without use of biofertilizer as arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) on the yield, quality and Phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of sugarcane. The pooled data of two seasons indicated that sugarcane crop responded significantly with phosphorus management. Significantly highest yield attributes, cane, green top and quality of juice were recorded with 100 percent RD of P 2 O 5, splitting of phosphorus and with the use of AM in Sugarcane. Similar significant results in terms of P content in juice and sugar yield were recorded. The Agronomic phosphorus use efficiency and partial factor productivity were enhanced significantly with splitting of P 2 O 5 and AM in sugarcane.
Sesame Seed Yield and Growth Traits Response to Different Row Spacings in Semi-Arid Regions

Plant density is one of the most important factors influencing the physiological, morphological characteristics, and yield of sesame. Sesame is an important oilseed and cash crop production in Sudan. The effects of different rows spacing on the growth attributes, yield and yield compound on three sesame seeds varieties were investigated at rainfall conditions in semi-arid regions. Two field experiments were conducted in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Three varieties were planted at four rows spacing [5(control), 10, 20 and 30cm]. The experiment was laid out in RCBD in split plots with three replications. There were significant differences between row spacing, varieties and interaction between row spacing and varieties for all parameters except the 1000 seeds weight. Moreover, Abo Nama has recorded the highest plants, number of branches and number of capsules per plant, while the abo Radom recorded the highest number of seeds per capsule and seed yield, and abo sofa had the highest weight of 1000 seeds. Planted varieties at the 5 cm between rows can increase the seed yield (210.18 kg/h). The interaction between Abo Radom and control recorded the high seed yield by 265.30 kg per h-1. This study suggests that the appropriate rows spacing can actively increase the yield of the sesame plant.
Climate change: An uncertain future for dairy farming in Zimbabwe

Climate change is significantly altering biodiversity, socio-economic and agricultural patterns all over the world. Understanding how climate change will affect the total land area suitable for dairy farming is important for future agricultural decisions. In this study we sought to determine variations in area suitability for dairy farming in Zimbabwe under the current climate and future climate scenarios. The chi-square test was used to establish whether the area suitable for dairy farming in Zimbabwe will significantly change under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 6.0 and 8.5. The Temperature Humidity Index (THI) measure, estimated from temperature and relative humidity was used to map areas suitable for dairy farming in Zimbabwe. Using the THI we found out that under RCP 8.5 and RCP 6.0 the areas potentially suitable for dairy farming will decrease by at least 25.4% and 2.7%, respectively. However, RCP 2.6 will likely cause an increase in areas suitable for dairy farming. These findings suggest a possible loss in areas suitable for dairy farming yet most farmers in Zimbabwe depend on its proceeds. By predicting the likely change in dairy farming areas, this study allows strategies that help adapt and cope with the likely impacts of climate change on agriculture.
Impacts of alien ‘ecosystem engineers’ overwhelm interannual and seasonal shifts in rocky-shore community composition on Marcus Island, South Africa

The South African coastline has been invaded by numerous alien species. Rare pre-invasion (1980) and post-invasion datasets (2001 and 2012) exist for Marcus Island, a small land-tied island in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. These snapshot datasets of the island’s intertidal invertebrate community were complemented with monitoring across seasons, from 2014 to 2016. Invertebrate communities were compared among the summers of 1980, 2001, 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016 to assess interannual differences, while invertebrates and algae were monitored quarter-annually to assess seasonal changes. In addition, the population dynamics of the alien mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were monitored. Differences in invertebrate communities between consecutive summers were significant but much smaller than changes induced by the arrival of alien species. Invertebrate and seaweed communities differed among years and shore zones but not among seasons, whereas species diversity differed among years, seasons and shore zones, with zones having the strongest influence. The invasion by M. galloprovincialis, and ensuing spatial and temporal variability in its recruitment, emerged as the most important factor influencing community composition, overshadowing interannual and seasonal changes. This work highlights that the impacts of alien species can be distinguished from natural variability by combining long-term monitoring with surveys at finer temporal scales. This is an important step in extending our understanding of the impacts of marine alien species.
Development of fishwaste compost and its effect on quality of soil and crop

The main objective of this research was production of compost from fish waste generated from the seafood processing industries at Tuticorin district, Tamilnadu and examine the effect of fishwaste compost on crop and soil quality. The fish waste was acidic in pH (6.1) with EC of 3.8 dS/m. The total NPK content of fish waste is 10.17%, 0.20%, 0.74% respectively. It has an appreciable amount of organic carbon 46.22% and secondary nutrients calcium (1.86%) and magnesium (0.15%) respectively. Fish waste was composted with saw dust under the windrow method of composting and analysed. After composting, fish waste compost (FWC) was neutral in pH (7.1) with low soluble salts (EC = 0.38 dS/m). It had a considerable amount of N (1.6%), P (0.16%) and K (0.21%). A pot study conducted on blackgram comprising of different doses of fishwaste compost (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 t/ha) along with recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). Among the different treatments, application of FWC @ 4t/ha enhanced the growth and yield of black gram and improve the soil quality. From the study, it is evident that fishwaste compost can play a significant role in enhancing the soil properties and performance of blackgram invariant of dose applied.
The Development of the Post Office Cultural Heritage in Semarang

This paper aims to find new improvements from the post office building that mostly occupies the old building that is classified as a cultural heritage building. Architecturally, the conservation of cultural heritage has been written in regulations and laws, but the question is how to conserve the activity of the postal activities. Facing decreased customer transactions, increased competition from new technologies in digital, changing the city patterns, and the Post Office building as currently configured faces a challenging and uncertain future. Nearly half of the buildings that have been built since the 18th century are empty due to changes in the function of the post office, which no longer sends mail. The building of cultural heritage requires the conservation of content and containers that are adaptive to new functions. If conservation only relies on the uniqueness of buildings, it is found that there is a gap in the development of conservation models to adapt building and postal services to the digital influence and delivery of goods by the private sector and potential locations. By using the historical method of postal development, the history of the old city area, and the field survey to examine the shift of the present function, it is revealed that the conservation efforts that have been carried out by PT. The Indonesian Post Office not only focuses on buildings and activities but also attempts to increase the economic value of buildings in order to improve the image as post office service and strengthen the image as a gateway to the old city area of Semarang. It is found that the exposure activity was an old activity that was still attached to the post office building until now. Adaptive reuse is to accommodate activities that have relevance to post-service activities. As the architecture view, it is the unique architecture in the building and the city planning, because the post office building occupies a marker as the zero points of the city or also acts as a gateway to the old city at that time (it is possible to find other several cities). The post office building has a commercial value, which is quite high. Thereby adding commercial activities to get a better economic value can be increased (i.e., added activities for caffé, minimarket, coworking space). This recommendation will provide economic value for managers in dealing with the issue of a collapsed post office.
Classical and Fuzzy Two-Layered Modal Logics for Uncertainty: Translations and Proof-Theory

This paper is a contribution to the study of two distinct kinds of logics for modelling uncertainty. Both approaches use log- ics with a two-layered modal syntax, but while one employs classical logic on both levels R. Fagin, J.Y. Halpern, N. Megiddo, A logic for reasoning about probabilities, Inf. Comput. 87 (1990), 78–128, and infinitely-many multimodal operators, the other Q1 involves a suitable system of fuzzy logic in the upper layer and only one monadic modality P. Hájek, L. Godo, F. Esteva, Fuzzy logic and probability, in Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI ’95), 1995, pp. 237–244. We take two prominent examples of the former approach, the probability logics Pr lin and Pr pol (whose modal operators correspond to all possible linear/polynomial inequalities with integer coefficients), and three logics of the latter approach:Pr Ł ,Pr Ł △ andPr PŁ △ (givenbythe Ł ukasiewiczlogicanditsexpansionsbytheBaaz–Monteiroprojectionconnective △ and also by the product conjunction). We describe the relation between the two approaches by giving faithful translations of Pr lin andPr pol into,respectively,Pr Ł △ andPr PŁ △ ,andviceversa.Wealsocontributetotheprooftheoryoftwo-layeredmodal logics of uncertainty by introducing a hypersequent calculus HPr Ł for the logic Pr Ł . Using this formalism, we obtain a translation of Pr lin into the logic Pr Ł , seen as a logic on hypersequents of relations, and give an alternative proof of the axiomatization of Pr lin .