Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors related to nonuse of seat belts in Michigan. Final report

The study combined direct observation of seat belt use with interview methods to identify factors related to seat belt use in a state with a mandatory seat belt use law. Trained observers recorded restraint use for a probability sample of motorists traveling on roads throughout the State of Michigan. Roadside interviews of 1,864 drivers measured sociodemographic, situational, attitudinal, normative, and behavioral characteristics related to seat belt use. Selected sociodemographic characteristics which are not susceptible to change, as well as crash experience and safety attitudes that are difficult to modify, were related to belt use. Results also indicated that seat belt use was lower than average among: (1) males, (2) individuals with lower socioeconomic status, (3) those of minority ethnic backgrounds, (4) those below age 30, (5) alcoholic beverage drinkers who drink to intoxication or while driving, (6) drivers in urban environments, and (7) married individuals below age 25.
Threats to Aircraft Structural Safety Including a Compendium of Selected Structural Accidents/Incidents

Abstract : This report discusses seven serious threats to structural safety that have become known as a result of past accident/incident investigations. The report describes the historic evolution of military and civilian aircraft structural requirements to prevent instantaneous and delayed structural failure due to these threats; these structural requirements have evolved over the last 60 years to address the threats. The report summarizes each threat and provides authoritative accounts of threat-related accident/incident investigations to further illustrate the nature of each threat; it also discusses lessons-learned and the impact of accidents/incidents on aircraft structural design and maintenance requirements. The report also describes the evolution of fail-safe design and testing, the development of the Air Force's Aircraft Structural Integrity Program, and the development of fracture mechanics based damage tolerance requirements for both military and civil aircraft. The difficulties in developing and validating operational limits to prevent structural failure due to widespread fatigue damage are also discussed. This report provides background for current and future generations of aircraft engineers so that they can: 1) better understand the current requirements; 2) potentially avoid repeating past mistakes; and 3) better address current and future challenges to aircraft structural safety. This report does not address some other threats to structural safety caused by structural overloads (those that far exceed design limits and cause essentially immediate catastrophic failure) due to excessive: 1) flight and/or ground loads (no matter the cause, e.g., pilot error, flight control system anomalies, etc.); 2) extreme turbulence and gust loads; and 3) aero-acoustic loads.
Measuring delay in high-risk obstetric referrals in Accra, Ghana: How long does it really take?

Background In Ghana, inefficient referral systems for managing obstetric emergencies is an obstacle to receiving optimal care. The timeliness of referral for comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmOC) from district or sub-district facilities to referral hospitals is unknown. The Greater Accra Regional Hospital (GARH) conducts approximately 8,000 deliveries per year that includes 70% high-risk referrals. Our aim was to characterize referrals for obstetric patients seeking care at the GARH in Accra, Ghana. Methods Data was collected on obstetric patients referred to the GARH from September 1 to November 30, 2017. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the following variables: location of referring facility, time from referral to arrival at GARH, mode of transport, referring diagnosis and members accompanying the patient. Data are presented as number, percent or median (IQR). Results Data were collected for 652 obstetric patient referrals to the GARH from 123 surrounding facilities. Transportation modes included: taxi (76.4%), ambulance (8.1%), private car (8.0%), public van (5.5%) and unknown (2.0%). Of 652 referrals, 303 (46.5%) were received during labour. The median time (IQR) from referral to arrival at GARH for 280 labouring patients was 307 (170, 1778) minutes. Midwives accompanied patients in only 71 (10.9%) of referrals; however, in these, median (IQR) referral times were 73 (34, 268) minutes. The leading referral indications included: Arrest of labour (26.3%), prior uterine scar (11.6%) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (11.5%). There were seven (1%) maternal deaths; four died the day of arrival. For 110 (17%) pregnancies, prolonged hospitalization was required for complications. There were 32 stillbirths (5%), including six intrapartum deaths. Conclusions The obstetric referral process for CEmOC is suboptimal. Most intrapartum referrals relied on public transport to reach the CEmOC facility and were unaccompanied by healthcare personnel. There is significant delay in the referral process, even in an urban setting. Delay may contribute to poor maternal and newborn outcomes.
The use of carbon fibers in wind turbine blade design: A SERI-8 blade example

The benefit of introducing carbon fibers in a wind turbine blade was evaluated. The SERI-8 wind turbine blade was used as a baseline for study. A model of the blade strength and stiffness properties was created using the 3D-Beam code; the predicted geometry and structural properties were validated against available data and static test results. Different enhanced models, which represent different volumes of carbon fibers in the blade, were also studied for two design options: with and without bend-twist coupling. Studies indicate that hybrid blades have excellent structural properties compared to the all-glass SERI-8 blade. Recurring fabrication costs were also included in the study. The cost study highlights the importance of the labor-cost to material-cost ratio in the cost benefits and penalties of fabrication of a hybrid glass and carbon blade.
The Effectiveness of a Training Program in Developing Emotional Intelligence Among the Gifted Students in Al-Tafila Governorate

This study aimed at identifying the effectiveness of a training program in developing emotional intelligence among the gifted students in Al-Tafila governorate. The researcher used the qusai approach. The study sample consisted of (46) male and female students who were divided into two groups; the experimental group that consisted of (32) male and female students to whom the training program was applied and the control group which consisted of (32) male and female students. The researcher applied a training program to develop the skills of emotional intelligence based on Bar-on model for emotional intelligence: the adult version: (EQ-i: YV) as a pre and post-test. The study results showed that there is a statistically significant impact at (α≤0.05) for the program in improving the skills of emotional intelligence in favor of the experimental group. The study results also showed that there are no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group individuals in the post-test attributed to gender and academic level.
Discrete-Time Affine Term Structure Models: An ARCH Formulation

Discrete-time Affine Term Structure Models can be expressed in AR(1)- ARCH form, but it is not possible to get a non-negative variance equation only by restricting the parameters. In this paper we use a distribution assumption in order to assure the variance to be non-negative. We present a complete formulation for one-factor and multi-factor models with Inverse Gaussian conditional innovations distribution. Moreover, we derive the log-likelihood functions and implement a two-factor empirical specification analysis both with simulated and US interest rate data. We compare the estimation and forecasting results with an AR(1)-GARCH(1,1) model.
FARMERS' PRACTICES AND COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT OF IRRIGATION: WHY DO THEY NOT MATCH IN FATNASSA OASIS?

Community‐managed irrigation systems are commonly faced with problems of low system‐level performance. A comprehensive survey was undertaken to assess and quantify the causes of the low irrigation performance in a community‐managed oasis in southern Tunisia. At the irrigation system level, results showed that irrigation intervals were double those that had been expected (19–21 days). The main cause was inappropriate farmers' practices at field level where the irrigation duration was almost twice the expected 10 h ha‐1. The extension of date palm plantation and technical dysfunctions played a less important role as they were counterbalanced by cancellation of irrigation in some plots. At the field scale, excessively long irrigation duration resulted from the joint effects of small fields, poor maintenance of field‐level water delivery systems, uncontrolled night irrigation events and low farmer commitment. This situation emphasizes the question of efficiency and sustainability of irrigation systems when farmers subvert collective rules. Further, the situation raises the question of equity among farmers which hinders their support for the water users' association and the strict application of water allocation rules. These findings should help identify an appropriate approach and lead to positive changes in the management of community irrigation systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploiting Robust Multivariate Statistics and Data Driven Techniques for Prognosis and Health Management

This thesis explores state of the art robust multivariate statistical methods and data driven techniques to holistically perform prognostics and health management (PHM). This provides a means to enable the early detection, diagnosis and prognosis of future asset failures. In this thesis, the developed PHM methodology is applied to wind turbine drive train components, specifically focussed on planetary gearbox bearings and gears. A novel methodology for the identification of relevant time-domain statistical features based upon robust statistical process control charts is presented for high frequency bearing accelerometer data. In total, 28 time-domain statistical features were evaluated for their capabilities as leading indicators of degradation. The results of this analysis describe the extensible multivariate “Moments’ model” for the encapsulation of bearing operational behaviour. This is presented, enabling the early degradation of detection, predictive diagnostics and estimation of remaining useful life (RUL). Following this, an extended physics of failure model based upon low frequency SCADA data for the quantification of wind turbine gearbox condition is described. This extends the state of the art, whilst defining robust performance charts for quantifying component condition. Normalisation against loading of the turbine and transient states based upon empirical data is performed in the bivariate domain, with extensibility into the multivariate domain if necessary. Prognosis of asset condition is found to be possible with the assistance of artificial neural networks in order to provide business intelligence to the planning and scheduling of effective maintenance actions. These multivariate condition models are explored with multivariate distance and similarity metrics for to exploit traditional data mining techniques for tacit knowledge extraction, ensemble diagnosis and prognosis. Estimation of bearing remaining useful life is found to be possible, with the derived technique correlating strongly to bearing life (r = .96)
Iso 9000: A Comprehensive Guide to Registration, Audit Guidelines, and Successful Certification

Competitive Basics. The Changing Nature of Quality. A Better Way to Manage. Global Sourcing. Global Standards. ISO 9000 Quality Systems Standards. ISO 14000--Environmental Management System Standards. Conformity Assessment. ISO 9000 Registration. Quality Auditing. Ten Easy Steps to Secure ISO 9000 Registration. Closing the Cycle--Registration, Part II. In Their Own Words. The Future Is Now. Appendix. Glossary. Resources. Index.
Optimal Performance Engineering: Good, Better, Best

A quiet revolution is in progress in the field of human factors. This revolution is broadly based, finding a home not only in such traditional areas as workplace layout and industrial ergonomics but also in more recent areas, such as humancomputer interaction and cognitive engineering. The revolution affects the way research questions are posed and the types of answers that are offered. No longer is a good or better solution adequate. Rather, the focus has turned to the best or optimal solution. In this article the research in optimal performance engineering is selectively reviewed. It is argued that increasing the number and range of attempts to engineer optimal performance will lead not only to safer and more efficient designs but also to an increase over the long run in the applicability and accessibility of laboratory research.
Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Patients with Paraquat Poisoning for Better Therapy Regimen

Background Paraquat poisoning is associated with very high mortality rate and extremely difficult to manage due to lack of antidotes. The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors after paraquat poisoning and discuss the efficacy of current therapy regimen. Methods In this retrospective study, 211 paraquat poisoning cases admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University between 1 June 2010 and 30 April 2016 were enrolled. The demographic characteristic, medical records of clinical features, laboratory parameters, therapy regimen and the prognosis were analyzed. Results The overall survival rate was 55.45%. the mean age was 35.85 years old. Twelve patients who ingested paraquat combined with alcohol had a higher survival rate. The patients in survival group ingested less amount of paraquat, presented with lower serum creatinine level at admission, developed lower incidence of acute kidney injury and pulmonary CT deterioration. The survivors were treated with higher dosage of methylprednisolone, daily dose of aspirin, daily dose of rapamycin and lower dose of vitamin C. The frequency of hemoperfusion was much more in the survival group. The Cox regression survival analysis demonstrated larger amount of paraquat ingestion, abnormal renal function at admission or developing acute kidney injury (AKI) after admission were independent risk factors for mortality. Higher dose of methylprednisolone and aspirin were independent protective prognostic factors. Conclusions Non-survivor characteristics are larger amount of paraquat ingestion, manifestation of abnormal renal function at admission or developing AKI after admission, whereas the survivor characteristics are higher dose of methylprednisolone and aspirin.
IN-FLIGHT MEDICAL INCAPACITATION AND IMPAIRMENT OF U.S. AIRLINE PILOTS: 1993 TO 1998

Abstract : Although it is not known when the first accident due to pilot in-flight medical incapacitation occurred, a recent survey showed that almost one-third of all pilots who responded had experienced an incapacitation requiring another crew member to take over their duties, with safety of flight significantly threatened in 3% of cases. The importance of in-flight medical incapacitation and impairment can be better understood when it is realized that each in-flight medical incapacitation or impairment could potentially lead to an aircraft accident. We studied in-flight medical incapacitations and impairments in U.S. airline pilots from 1993 through 1998. We defined in-flight medical incapacitation as a condition in which a flight crew member was unable to perform any flight duties and impairment as a condition in which a crew member could perform limited flight duties, even though performance may have been degraded. We found 39 incapacitations and 11 impairments aboard 47 aircraft during the six-year period. All pilots were males. The average age for incapacitations was 47.0 years (range 25 to 59 years). The average age for impairments was 43.3 years (range 27 to 57 years). The in-flight medical event rate was 0.058 per 100,000 flight hours. The probability that an in-flight medical event would result in an aircraft accident was 0.04. Incapacitations significantly increased with age, with more serious categories in the older age groups. The most frequent categories of incapacitation were loss of consciousness, cardiac, neurological, and gastrointestinal. Safety of flight was seriously impacted in seven of the 47 flights and resulted in two non-fatal accidents.
Coagulation: Experiences in Organics Removal

Implementation of effective methods for THM control is neither impossible nor overly difficult. Methods for hindering THM growth after its initial formation, such as ammoniation, have been explored and the technology is available, as it is for other methods of disinfecting water supplies without forming significant amounts of THMs. While these do pose an inevitable cost dilemma, they also present solutions to a problem. Each plant must survey its individual needs for THM control and select the most
Designing Resistance Training Programs

Designing Resistance Training Programs, Fourth Edition, is a guide to developing individualized training programs for both serious athletes and fitness enthusiasts. Two of the world’s leading experts on strength training explore how to design scientifically based resistance training programs, modify and adapt programs to meet the needs of special populations, and apply the elements of program design in the real world. The fourth edition presents the most current information while retaining the studies that are the basis for concepts, guidelines, and applications in resistance training. Meticulously updated and heavily referenced, the fourth edition contains the following updates: A full-color interior provides stronger visual appeal.Sidebars focus on a specific practical question or an applied research concept, allowing readers to connect research to real-life situations.Multiple detailed tables summarize research from the text, offering an easy way to compare data and conclusions.A glossary makes it simple to find key terms in one convenient location.Newly added instructor ancillaries make the fourth edition a true learning resource for the classroom (available at www.HumanKinetics.com/DesigningResistanceTrainingPrograms). Designing Resistance Training Programs, Fourth Edition, is an essential resource for understanding and applying the science behind resistance training for any population.
Effect of Hygiene Guidelines on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Food Handlers at University Cafeterias

Context: Safe food is a critical issue in the prevention of foodborne diseases. Food handlers play an essential role in the prevention of foodborne diseases and food poisoning at all stages of food preparation, storage, and handling.Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of hygiene guidelines on knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food handlers at University cafeterias.Methods: A quasi-experimental design used to carry out the study. Setting: The study conducted at the Faculties Cafeteria at Benha University. A convenient sample of (60) food handlers worked at Cafeterias of Benha University. Three tools used for collecting data: A Structured interview questionnaire included two parts. First is concerned with the assessment of the food handlers' demographic characteristics. Second part is concerned to assess knowledge, and the third part included assessment of food handlers' practices of the food handlers about food hygiene. The second tool is food handlers' attitude assessment scale. The third tool is an environmental observational checklist assessed the cafeteria's environmental condition.Results: 73.3% of the studied food handlers were male and single, 50.0% of them aged 20 - <30 years with mean± SD (32.63±4.71). Additionally, 76.7% of food handlers had a secondary education level, and they had health certificates. Only 18.3% of the food handlers had a good knowledge regarding food hygiene before the guideline sessions compared to 85.0% after the guideline sessions. On the other hand, 65.0% of food handlers had a negative attitude toward food hygiene before the guideline sessions decreased to 15.0% after the guideline sessions. Moreover, 68.3% of food handlers had unsatisfactory practices regarding food hygiene before the guideline sessions compared to 76.7% after the guideline sessions.Conclusion: A considerable improvement noticed among the studied food handlers after the guideline sessions related to the knowledge, attitude, and practices of food hygiene. Recommendations: Further research should be geared towards regularly implementing health education programs for food handlers about food safety and hygiene at all faculties of Egypt universities.
Key Drivers of Marines Willingness to Adopt Energy-Efficient Technologies

Abstract : Why individuals adopt or resist technologies is a central question in technology management and energy conservation research. Much academic attention focuses on functional and economic advantages, but perceptions, habits, and norms play a more substantial role and are a particularly strong driver of resistance. Recognizing this, the Marine Corps Expeditionary Energy Office has called for research to better understand how messaging and behavioral factors will influence the shaping of a combat-effective energy posture within the Marine Corps. This research examines how particular individual attributes may affect Marines assessments of energy-efficient technologies. Drawing on a framework developed from the academic literature, this research focuses on the impact of a person s prior conditions, knowledge, and perception of technologies on the decision to adopt, postpone, or resist new technologies. The research produced a summary of extant findings and implications for the United States Marine Corps concerning the typology of United States Marines perceptions and willingness to adopt energy-efficient technologies. The research findings may offer the Marine Corps a clearer understanding of acceptance and resistance drivers, and the means to facilitate greater acceptance of energy-efficient technologies.
Improving the quality of power supply parameters During voltage sag and swell based on Super Conducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)

Abstract. The emersion of critical loads in industrial, commercial, and domestic applications including power electronic equipments, computers, microprocessors, florescent lamps, and non-linear loads such as induction furnaces in distribution networks has made the subject of power quality one of the distribution system’s main concerns. Any disturbance in the distribution system’s power quality can lead to the disturbance in the operation of these loads and consequently leading to time loss and financial cost. Any deviation or unwanted change in the voltage, current, or frequency of the electricity which causes failure or dysfunction of the electrical equipments is called power quality or better to say weakness in the power quality. A unit of SMES will be introduced in this paper to improve the quality of power during voltage sag and swell. The convertor and the chopper of the SMES unit are respectively controlled via a PID controller and a Fuzzy logic controller.