Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The roles of the LpSTS and DLPFC in self‐prioritization: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study

The Self‐Attention Network (SAN) has been proposed to describe the underlying neural mechanism of the self‐prioritization effect, yet the roles of the key nodes in the SAN—the left posterior superior temporal sulcus (LpSTS) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)—still need to be clarified. One hundred and nine participants were randomly assigned into the LpSTS group, the DLPFC group, or the sham group. We used the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) technique to selectively disrupt the functions of the corresponding targeted region, and observed its impacts on self‐prioritization effect based on the difference between the performance of the self‐matching task before and after the targeted stimulation. We analyzed both model‐free performance measures and HDDM‐based performance measures for the self‐matching task. The results showed that the inhibition of LpSTS could lead to reduced performance in processing self‐related stimuli, which establishes a causal role for the LpSTS in self‐related processing and provide direct evidence to support the SAN framework. However, the results of the DLPFC group from HDDM analysis were distinct from the results based on response efficiency. Our investigation further the understanding of the differentiated roles of key nodes in the SAN in supporting the self‐salience in information processing.
The Likelihood of Early Guilty Pleas Following Digitally Recorded Victim Statements for Family Violence

This study follows 4715 Family Harm cases for which charges are laid (from around 15,000 events from 2018–2020). Comparisons are made between cases where a digitally recorded victim video statement (VVS) is taken to those who (1) make a written statement, (2) refuse to make any statement and (3) present at the public counter and make a written statement. Findings indicate that VVS increases the rates of an early guilty plea by 95% (OR = 1.95, LCL = 1.34, UCL = 2.7) compared to those who decline a VVS and have a written statement. No difference is observed for those presenting to report an event at a public counter. A more modest effect is observed comparing those who refuse a statement altogether (OR = 1.28, LCL = 1.03, UCL = 1.60). A VVS is nearly twice as likely to lead to an early guilty plea. It is reasoned that there is a poor rate of guilty pleas for written statements, rather than an elevation in rates for VVS. Age and gender are unrelated to the elevated rate of pleading guilty to a VVS. Event seriousness is inversely related to pleading guilty, whereas having many prior convictions or being remanded increases the likelihood of the guilty plea.
A review of center of pressure (COP) variables to quantify standing balance in elderly people: Algorithms and open‐access code

Postural control is often quantified by recording the trajectory of the center of pressure (COP)—also called stabilogram—during human quiet standing. This quantification has many important applications, such as the early detection of balance degradation to prevent falls, a crucial task whose relevance increases with the aging of the population. Due to the complexity of the quantification process, the analyses of sway patterns have been performed empirically using a number of variables, such as ellipse confidence area or mean velocity. This study reviews and compares a wide range of state‐of‐the‐art variables that are used to assess the risk of fall in elderly from a stabilogram. When appropriate, we discuss the hypothesis and mathematical assumptions that underlie these variables, and we propose a reproducible method to compute each of them. Additionally, we provide a statistical description of their behavior on two datasets recorded in two elderly populations and with different protocols, to hint at typical values of these variables. First, the balance of 133 elderly individuals, including 32 fallers, was measured on a relatively inexpensive, portable force platform (Wii Balance Board, Nintendo) with a 25‐s open‐eyes protocol. Second, the recordings of 76 elderly individuals, from an open access database commonly used to test static balance analyses, were used to compute the values of the variables on 60‐s eyes‐open recordings with a research laboratory standard force platform.
Hints of lepton flavor universality violations

Description Mounting evidence shows where the standard model may be incomplete The standard model (SM) has been extensively tested and confirmed since its inception in the 1970s, with the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 as its ultimate affirmation as the prevailing theory of particle physics. Nonetheless, it is widely accepted that the SM cannot be the fundamental theory at all energies. For instance, it cannot account for the mass of neutrinos, the dominance of matter over antimatter in our Universe, or the existence of dark matter. Motivated by these shortcomings, a huge number of extensions of the SM have been proposed over the years, many of which predicted new particles within the reach of high-energy colliders. However, because Large Hadron Collider (LHC) searches have yet to produce direct hints for these proposed particles, indirect searches for physics beyond the SM (BSM) using precision experiments have become an increasingly important avenue.
Comparison of the effectiveness of extensor muscle strengthening exercise by itself, exercise with polydeoxyribonucleotide injection, and exercise with extracorporeal shockwave therapy in lateral epicondylitis: a randomized controlled trial

Background Extensor muscle strengthening exercises with counterforce braces (EX) is a conventional conservative treatment for lateral epicondylitis (LE) of the elbow. In addition, polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) or extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been recently used for LE. Methods Sixty-three patients with chronic LE participated in this study and randomly allocated in three groups (G1: EX, G2: EX+PDRN injection, and G3: EX+ESWT). All of the three groups were taught to perform EX at the first out-patient department (OPD) visit. Group 2 was injected with 3 mL PDRN (5.625 mg/3 mL), while group 3 received ESWT at the first OPD visit. Visual analog scale pain score, Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), and ultrasonographic examination were checked before, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after the treatments. Results Overall functional scores and ultrasonographic findings in all three groups improved after treatment. The mean MEPS in group 2 improved more than groups 1 and 3 at 6 weeks (G1, 56.9>62.4; G2, 54.3>65.0; G3, 55.7>62.6), and more than group 1 at 12 weeks (G1, 56.9>67.9; G2, 54.3>73.6). The mean common extensor tendon depth (CETD) on ultrasonography in group 2 increased more than groups 1 and 3 at 6 and 12 weeks (6 weeks: G1, 0.385>0.386; G2, 0.332>0.392; G3, 0.334>0.357; 12 weeks: G1, 0.385>0.409; G2, 0.332>0.438; G3, 0.334>0.405 [cm]). Conclusions PDRN injections combined with EX exhibited a greater improvement in mean MEPS and mean CETD compared to EX only or EX combined with ESWT for LE within the 12 weeks follow-up.
Monolithic implementation of coaxial line on silicon substrate

A coaxial line has been monolithically fabricated on a silicon substrate using benzocylobutene (BCB) for dielectric spacers. Because of its closed structure, it is an effective interconnection method to reduce parasitic radiation and the coupling effect. The fabricated coaxial line with 2 mm length has high isolation (<-60 dB), low attenuation (<0.08 dB/mm) and low return loss (<-32 dB) in the range of 1-20 GHz. It can be easily fabricated using standard silicon IC technologies, and requires no wafer thinning and backside processing. In view of cost performance and integration density, the coaxial line on low-resistivity silicon is shown to be suitable for RF interconnect and multichip module (MCM) package applications.
Ovarian extracellular matrix-based hydrogel for human ovarian follicle survival in vivo: A pilot work.

To successfully assemble a bio-engineered ovary, we need to create a three-dimensional matrix able to accommodate isolated follicles and cells. The goal of this study was to develop an extracellular matrix hydrogel (oECM) derived from decellularized bovine ovaries able to support, in combination with alginate, human ovarian follicle survival and growth in vitro. Two different hydrogels (oECM1, oECM2) were produced and compared in terms of decellularization efficiency (dsDNA), ECM preservation (collagen and glycosaminoglycan levels), ultrastructure, rigidity, and cytotoxicity. oECM2 showed significantly less dsDNA, greater retention of glycosaminoglycans and better rigidity than oECM1. Isolated human ovarian follicles were then encapsulated in four selected hydrogel combinations: (1) 100% oECM2, (2) 90% oECM2 + 10% alginate, (3) 75% oECM2 + 25% alginate, and (4) 100% alginate. After 1 week of in vitro culture, follicle recovery rate, viability, and growth were analyzed. On day 7 of in vitro culture, follicle recovery rates were 0%, 23%, 65%, 82% in groups 1-4, respectively, rising proportionally with increased alginate content. However, there was no difference in follicle viability or growth between groups 2 and 3 and controls (group 4). In conclusion, since pure alginate cannot be used to graft preantral follicles due to its poor revascularization and degradation after grafting, oECM2 hydrogel combined with alginate may provide a new and promising alternative to graft isolated human follicles in a bio-engineered ovary.
Combinatorial model of amyloid β and tau reveals synergy between amyloid deposits and tangle formation

To illuminate the pathological synergy between Aβ and tau leading to emergence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), here, we have performed a comparative neuropathological study utilising three distinctive variants of human tau (WT tau, P301L mutant tau and S320F mutant tau). Previously, in non‐transgenic mice, we showed that WT tau or P301L tau does not form NFT while S320F tau can spontaneously aggregate into NFT, allowing us to test the selective vulnerability of these different tau conformations to the presence of Aβ plaques.
Implementation of an early rule-out pathway for myocardial infarction using a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T assay

Objectives Patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) concentrations below the limit of detection at presentation are low risk. We aim to determine whether implementing this approach facilitates the safe early discharge of patients. Methods In a prospective single-centre cohort study, consecutive patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome were included before (standard care) and after (intervention) implementation of an early rule-out pathway. During standard care, myocardial infarction was ruled out if hs-cTnT concentrations were <99th centile (14 ng/L) at presentation and at 6–12 hours after symptom onset. In the intervention, patients were ruled out if hs-cTnT concentrations were <5 ng/L at presentation and symptoms present for ≥3 hours or were ≥5 ng/L and unchanged within the reference range at 3 hours. We compared duration of stay (efficacy) and all-cause death at 1 year (safety) before and after implementation. Results We included 10 315 consecutive patients (64±16 years, 46% women) with 6642 (64%) and 3673 (36%) in the standard care and intervention groups, respectively. Duration of stay was reduced from 534 (IQR, 220–2279) to 390 (IQR, 218–1910) min (p<0.001) after implementation. At 1 year, all-cause death occurred in 10.9% (721 of 6642) and 10.4% (381 of 3673) of patients in the standard care group (referent) and intervention group, respectively (adjusted OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.18). Conclusion In patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome, implementing an early rule-out pathway using hs-cTnT concentrations <5 ng/L at presentation reduced the duration of stay in hospital without compromising safety.
Using Accelerometer Data to Identify Movement Patterns in an Older Adult: Innovative Strategy for Physical Activity Promotion.

Evidence suggests a physically active lifestyle increases proportion of life lived free of disability. Unfortunately, physical activity participation in older adults is low, suggesting innovative strategies are needed. This case-report (1) examined daily activity routines from accelerometer data; and (2) utilized the movement patterns to "infuse" physical activity within the participant's normal routine. Case-Report A 60 year old wore an Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer, on 2 separate days and weeks. Movement patterns, from "raw" accelerometer data, were presented to the participant to identify areas of high and low activity, with suggestions how to increase overall activity. Results indicated activity patterns were reproducible. Physical activity infusions increased movement counts by 34%, and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by ~82minutes. Discussion Examination of "raw" accelerometer data identified distinct movement routines. Understanding these routines allowed for health provider/participant interaction that led to physical activity "infusions" which contributed to a large increase in MVPA, without major alterations to the individual's day.
Differential impact of COVID-19 lockdown on physical activity in younger and older adolescents - prospective study.

BACKGROUND Insufficient physical activity levels (PAL) during adolescence is a major public health concern, which is even more pronounced during the COVID-19 pandemic due to restricting movement opportunities. This study aimed to identify PAL changes and examine the age-specific determinants of PAL in younger and older adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included 859 high-school students from Bosnia and Herzegovina stratified into 2 age groups: younger (N = 420, 14-16 years of age), and older adolescents (N = 439, 16-18 years of age). Participants were tested over 2 testing waves: before the COVID-19 lockdown (January 2020) and during the COVID-19 lockdown (April 2020). Variables included PAL assessed by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, sports factors, and parental factors. RESULTS The PAL significantly declined as a result of lockdown measures in the total sample (from 2.76±0.79 to 2.50±0.82). Larger absolute and relative decline of PAL was evidenced in younger adolescents. Sport participation positively influenced PAL before lockdown, with no significant influence during the lockdown. Older adolescents whose mothers were better educated were less likely to be in high risk group with regard to a large decline of PAL as a result of COVID lockdown (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.21-0.84). CONCLUSIONS Results of the study suggest that parental education influences health-related behaviors and that parental education is a protective factor against a decrease in PAL during the COVID-19 pandemic. Main educational agents (i.e., school and parents) should pay more attention to provide children and adolescents adequate information and develop their health literacy, which will hopefully positively impact children's PAL even in challenging situations similar to COVID-19 lockdown. Med Pr. 2021;72(6).
Clinical Outcomes of In-office Sutureless Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Persistent Epithelial Defect

Purpose To investigate the efficacy of outpatient clinic-based sutureless amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) along with therapeutic contact lens (T-lens) application in eyes with persistent epithelial defects (PED). Methods Nine eyes of nine patients (mean age, 71.7 ± 5.2 years) diagnosed with PED and treated with in-office sutureless AMT combined with T-lens application were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, systemic diseases, PED etiology, corneal epithelial defect size, visual acuity, corneal scraping culture results, and clinical course were evaluated. Results Among nine eyes with PED, three had neurotrophic keratopathy, four had infectious keratitis (three with fungal keratitis and one with bacterial keratitis), one had limbal deficiency, and one had marginal keratitis. The mean epithelial defect size (calculated as an average of the horizontal and vertical diameters) was 3.13 ± 1.42 mm, and the mean duration from AMT to epithelial healing was 30.1 ± 10.5 days (range, 14–51 days) in successful trials. The success rates were 77.8% (7/9) per patient and 66.7% (8/12) per trial. The causes of failure in two patients were AMT displacement and uncontrolled infection. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that in-office sutureless AMT combined with T-lens application can be used in patients with PED who are refractory to medications. It will be especially helpful for elderly patients because of its easy-to-use method. To achieve successful outcomes with AMT, an appropriate periocular environment as well as infection control need to be considered.
An experience with 124 cases of fanconi anemia: clinical spectrum, hematological parameters and chromosomal breakage analysis.

BACKGROUND Fanconi anemia is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by somatic abnormalities and an increased predisposition to malignancies. OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical spectrum and evaluate the hematological parameters as well as highlight diagnosis by chromosomal breakage analysis of Fanconi anemia patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 124 patients were diagnosed as having Fanconi anemia from August 2014 to May 2020 at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Clinical details, somatic abnormalities, radiological findings, lab parameters and result of chromosomal breakage analysis were noted and analyzed. RESULTS One hundred and twenty four (14.29%) were diagnosed as having Fanconi anemia (FA) on chromosomal breakage test. Median age was 09 years 06 months. Male to female ratio was 1.9:1. Six of these patients exhibited mosaicism and were classified as FA mosaic. Somatic abnormalities were detected in 74 (59.7%) patients; the most common being skeletal abnormalities and short stature. CONCLUSION Chromosomal breakage analysis is a cost-effective method for diagnosis of Fanconi anemia. Early diagnosis is pertinent for proper treatment and long term prognosis.
Analgesic characteristics of a newly developed α2δ ligand, mirogabalin, on inflammatory pain

Mirogabalin is a novel α2δ ligand approved in Japan for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain. However, the sites of action of α2δ ligands to produce analgesic effects on inflammatory pain remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the analgesic effect and site of action of mirogabalin using the rat formalin test, an acute inflammatory pain model. Mirogabalin was administered orally, intrathecally, and intracerebroventricularly. Open field tests were performed to evaluate the effect of oral-, intrathecally, and intracerebroventricularly administered mirogabalin on locomotor activity and orientation ability. Oral mirogabalin produced an analgesic effect when the formalin test was performed 4 h, but not 1 or 2 h, after oral administration. Intrathecal, but not intracerebroventricular, administration of mirogabalin produced analgesic effects when mirogabalin was administered 10 min before formalin injection. These analgesic effects were not antagonized by idazoxan, an α2 adrenergic antagonist; WAY100135, a 5-HT1A antagonist; or naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist. Mirogabalin attenuated moving distances 1 and 2 h after oral administration and 10 min after intracerebroventricular administration, but not 10 min after intrathecal administration. In the oral administration group, the time course of the analgesic effect was different from that of moving distance. In the intracerebroventricular group, mirogabalin attenuated moving distances but did not produce an analgesic effect. In the intrathecal group, mirogabalin produced an analgesic effect but did not affect moving distances. These findings suggest that the analgesic effect of mirogabalin on the rat formalin test is mediated by spinal action and not by the activation of α2, 5-HT1A, or opioid receptors, and that the inhibitory effect of mirogabalin on moving distances is mediated by the supraspinal brain.
Disordered eating concerns, behaviors, and severity in young adults clustered by anxiety and depression

Little is known about how anxiety and depression in combination relate to eating disorder concerns (eating, shape, and weight concern) and behaviors (restraint eating, binge eating, and purging) indicative of eating disorder symptom severity. This study examined links among disordered eating concerns, behaviors, and severity clustered by depression and anxiety.
Quantitative proteomic analyses reveal the dynamics of protein and amino acid accumulation during soybean seed development

Using high throughput tandem mass tag (TMT) based tagging technique, we identified 4172 proteins in three developmental stages: early, mid, and late seed filling. We mapped the identified proteins to metabolic pathways associated with seed filling. The elevated abundance of several kinases was observed from the early to mid‐stages of seed filling, indicating that protein phosphorylation was a significant event during this period. The early to late seed filling stages were characterized by an increased abundance of proteins associated with the cell wall, oil, and vacuolar‐related processes. Among the seed storage proteins, 7S (β‐subunit) and 11S (Gy3, Gy4, Gy5) steadily increased in abundance during early to late stages of seed filling, whereas 2S albumin exhibited a decrease in abundance during the same period. An increased abundance of proteases, senescence‐associated proteins, and oil synthesis proteins was observed from the mid to late seed filling stages. The mid to late stages of seed filling was also characterized by a lower abundance of transferases, transporters, Kunitz family trypsin, and protease inhibitors. Two enzymes associated with methionine synthesis exhibited lower abundance from early to late stages. This study unveiled several essential enzymes/proteins related to amino acid and protein synthesis and their accumulation during seed development. All data can be accessed through this link: https://massive.ucsd. edu/ProteoSAFe/dataset.jsp? task=38784ecbd0854bb3801afc0d89056f84. (Accession MSV000087577)