Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combining machine learning and remote sensing-integrated crop modeling for rice and soybean crop simulation

Machine learning (ML) techniques offer a promising avenue for improving the integration of remote sensing data into mathematical crop models, thereby enhancing crop growth prediction accuracy. A critical variable for this integration is the leaf area index (LAI), which can be accurately assessed using proximal or remote sensing data based on plant canopies. This study aimed to (1) develop a machine learning-based method for estimating the LAI in rice and soybean crops using proximal sensing data and (2) evaluate the performance of a Remote Sensing-Integrated Crop Model (RSCM) when integrated with the ML algorithms. To achieve these objectives, we analyzed rice and soybean datasets to identify the most effective ML algorithms for modeling the relationship between LAI and vegetation indices derived from canopy reflectance measurements. Our analyses employed a variety of ML regression models, including ridge, lasso, support vector machine, random forest, and extra trees. Among these, the extra trees regression model demonstrated the best performance, achieving test scores of 0.86 and 0.89 for rice and soybean crops, respectively. This model closely replicated observed LAI values under different nitrogen treatments, achieving Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies of 0.93 for rice and 0.97 for soybean. Our findings show that incorporating ML techniques into RSCM effectively captures seasonal LAI variations across diverse field management practices, offering significant potential for improving crop growth and productivity monitoring.
Airborne Observations Constrain Heterogeneous Nitrogen and Halogen Chemistry on Tropospheric and Stratospheric Biomass Burning Aerosol

Heterogeneous chemical cycles of pyrogenic nitrogen and halides influence tropospheric ozone and affect the stratosphere during extreme Pyrocumulonimbus (PyroCB) events. We report field‐derived N2O5 uptake coefficients, γ(N2O5), and ClNO2 yields, φ(ClNO2), from two aircraft campaigns observing fresh smoke in the lower and mid troposphere and processed/aged smoke in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). Derived φ(ClNO2) varied across the full 0–1 range but was typically <0.5 and smallest in a PyroCB (<0.05). Derived γ(N2O5) was low in agricultural smoke (0.2–3.6 × 10−3), extremely low in mid‐tropospheric wildfire smoke (0.1 × 10−3), but larger in PyroCB processed smoke (0.7–5.0 × 10−3). Aged biomass burning aerosol in the UTLS had a higher γ(N2O5) of 17 × 10−3 that increased with sulfate and liquid water, but that was 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than values for aqueous sulfuric aerosol used in stratospheric models.
Cardiovascular disease and lung cancer

Lung cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related death. While survival rates have improved with advancements in cancer therapeutics, additional health challenges have surfaced. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with lung cancer. CVD and lung cancer share many risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, advanced age, and obesity. Optimal management of this patient population requires a full understanding of the potential cardiovascular (CV) complications of lung cancer treatment. This review outlines the common shared risk factors, the spectrum of cardiotoxicities associated with lung cancer therapeutics, and prevention and management of short- and long-term CVD in patients with non-small cell (NSCLC) and small cell (SCLC) lung cancer. Due to the medical complexity of these patients, multidisciplinary collaborative care among oncologists, cardiologists, primary care physicians, and other providers is essential.
Dual-Hop Optical Communication for Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network Over Foggy Channel Under Málaga Turbulence

The next-generation satellite-to-ground communication urgently needs a higher transmission rate. Due to the limited spectrum resources of traditional radio frequency links, free space optical (FSO) communication, as a promising alternative, is gaining increasing attention in the satellite community. However, atmospheric turbulence, fog intensity, and pointing error impairments seriously affect the performance of the FSO communication system. To effectively compensate for the influence of the above factors, the dual-hop FSO communication for the space-air-ground integrated network using the unmanned aerial vehicle as a relay is proposed in this paper. In particular, the statistical expressions of the proposed system, namely the cumulative distribution function and probability density function, are derived to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. Based on the above statistical results, performance indicators for the proposed system are derived, such as the outage probability, average bit error rate, and ergodic capacity. Finally, the performance indicators mentioned above are verified by simulation.
Permian nonmarine invertebrate trace fossils from southern Patagonia, Argentina: Ichnologic signatures of substrate consolidation and colonization sequences

Floodplain deposits of the Permian Laguna Polino Member (La Golondrina Formation) of southern Patagonia, Argentina, contain a moderate diversity invertebrate ichnofauna. This member consists of up to 500 m of ripple cross-laminated and trough cross-bedded, medium-grained sandstone and mudstone, with some conglomerate. It records sedimentation in braided fluvial environments with moderate channel sinuosity. The system was characterized by the development of multistory channels, transverse or linguoid bars, and levees. At the Laguna Grande locality, trace fossils were recovered from current-rippled, very fine-grained muddy sandstone beds formed in a pond adjacent to the levee. The ichnofauna consists of a mixed pascichnia, repichnia, and domichnia assemblage composed of Cochlichnus anguineus, Ctenopholeus kutscheri, Helminthoidichnites tenuis, Helminthopsis abeli, and Palaeophycus striatus. These low-energy ponds were more suitable for development of benthic fauna and preservation of ichnofossils than were fluvial channels and point bars. Accordingly, preservation of distinct trace fossil-bearing pond horizons within an otherwise unfossiliferous fluvial succession may be regarded as taphonomic and colonization windows. The colonization history of these beds can be traced through the study of cross-cutting and substrate relationships. Detailed ichnologic analysis suggests the following succession: 1) large Cochlichnus tracemakers colonizing transitional soupgrounds to softgrounds; 2) large and small Cochlichnus, Helminthopsis and Helminthoidichnites formed in softgrounds; and 3) Palaeophycus and Ctenopholeus emplaced in transitional soft to firm substrates. The colonization sequence suggests an ecologic replacement of a surface mobile fauna dominated by nematodes, nematomorphs, and larval insects by a more stationary infauna consisting of adult insects as a result of increasing consolidation. Presence of Ctenopholeus is significant because it represents the second report of this ichnogenus and the first from nonmarine settings.
Inclusive Education, Intellectual Disabilities and the Demise of Full Inclusion

Inclusive education has developed worldwide popularity in education for learners with various disabilities but is particularly controversial for students with intellectual disabilities because of their unique needs. The foremost of these are the development of the social, vocational and life skills needed to facilitate their transition to adulthood. This article presents a discussion that focuses on theory, practice and research relevant to inclusive education for students with intellectual disabilities. It points out that the movement for full inclusion started by focusing on students with intellectual disabilities and has encountered roadblocks to further progress because of its difficulties in addressing their special needs. This is explored by considering the theory underpinning the international drivers of the full inclusion movement, the reality of the implementation of inclusion policies worldwide, and research on the effects of inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities in mainstream schools.
Conducted Disturbances in the Network Created by Induction Heating Systems

Several typical problems of electromagnetic compatibility are considered in relation to induction heating systems. An analysis of electromagnetic disturbances created by induction heaters is carried out. A high-frequency power supply of the VGT series that powers the induction heater is considered as the main source of low-frequency harmonics and radio frequency interferences. Experimental results of the conducted interferences emission from a high-frequency induction system are given. The results of measuring voltage harmonics of the 2 - 40 order and comparing them with the limiting normative parameters are obtained. The harmonic numbers on which there is an excess of permissible voltage values were fixed. A comparison of the measured levels of RF perturbation values with the permissible values for the frequency range 0.15 - 30 MHz in accordance with the requirements of the CISPR 11-2016 standard is carried out. The obtained results will be used to select the parameters of protection filters against this type of conducted electromagnetic disturbances.
Insights into the Medical Evaluation of Ekbom Syndrome: An Overview

Ekbom syndrome, also known as delusional parasitosis (DP) or delusional infestation, is an uncommon psychiatric disorder distinguished by an enduring conviction of parasitic infestation, persisting notwithstanding the presence of medical evidence to the contrary. Primarily affecting middle-aged women, DP can manifest either as isolated psychological distress or as a component within a more intricate psychiatric framework, substantially influencing the quality of life for affected individuals. Its pathophysiological mechanism involves uncertain dopaminergic imbalances and dysfunction in the dopamine transporter system. Dermatologists often play a pivotal role in diagnosis, as patients first seek dermatological assessments of their signs and symptoms. However, DP frequently originates from underlying psychiatric disorders or medical variables, manifesting with neurological and infectious causative factors. The diagnostic complexity is attributed to patients’ resolute convictions, leading to delayed psychiatric intervention. First-line DP treatment involves antipsychotics, with newer agents demonstrating promising prospects, but the lack of standardized protocols poses a significant therapeutic challenge. In this narrative review, both a comprehensive approach to this uncommon pathology and an update on the state of knowledge in this medical subfield focused on optimizing the management of DP are provided. The complexity of DP underlying its uncommon nature and the incomplete understanding of its pathophysiology highlight the need for further research through multicenter studies and multidisciplinary teams to enhance therapeutic efficacy and safety.
Distribution of Gaseous 12CO2, 13CO2, and 14CO2 in the Sub-Soil Unsaturated Zone of the Western US Great Plains

Data on the depth distribution of the major atmospheric gases and the abundance of gaseous 12CO2, 13CO2, and 14CO2 in the subsoil unsaturated zone have been obtained from several sites in the western Great Plains of the United States. Sample profiles range from land surface to depths of 50m. Although each site must be considered on an individual basis, several general statements can be made regarding the profiles. 1) Diffusion of these gaseous molecules through the unsaturated zone is an important transport mechanism. 2) As predicted by diffusion theory, depth profiles of the various isotopic species of CO2 differ substantially from one another, depending on individual sources and sinks such as root respiration and oxidation of organic carbon at depth. 3) In general, post-bomb (> 100% modern) 14C activities are not observed in the deep unsaturated zone, in contrast to diffusion model predictions. 4) In spite of generally decreasing 14C activities with depth, absolute partial pressures of 14CO2 in the subsoil unsaturated zone are 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the partial pressure of 14CO2 in the atmosphere.
Effect of treatment with growth hormone on body composition and metabolic profile of short children born small for gestational age

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effect of recombinant growth hormone (rGH) on body composition and metabolic profile of prepubertal short children born small for gestational age (SGA) before and after 18 months of treatment. Methods: It is a clinical, non-randomized, and paired study. Children born SGA, with birth weight and/or length <-2 standard deviations (SD) for gestational age and sex, prepubertal, born at full term, of both genders, with the indication for treatment with rGH were included. The intervention was performed with biosynthetic rGH at doses ranging from 0.03 to 0.05 mg/kg/day, administered subcutaneously, once a day at bedtime. Total lean mass (LM) and total fat mass (FM) were carried out using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the metabolic profile was assessed for insulin, glycemia, IGF-1 levels and lipid profile. Results: Twelve patients (nine girls, 8.17±2.39 y) were evaluated; three patients dropped out of the study. There was an increase of LM adjusted for length (LMI) (p=0.008), LMI standard deviation score (SDS) adjusted for age and sex (p=0.007), and total LM (p<0.001). The percentage of body fat (BF%) and abdominal fat (AF) remained unaltered in relation to the beginning of treatment. Among the metabolic variables, blood glucose remained within normal levels, and there was a reduction in the number of participants with altered cholesterol (p=0.023). Conclusions: The effect of rGH treatment was higher on LM than in FM, with increased LM adjusted for length and standardized for age and sex. Glycemia remained within the normal limits, and there was a decreased number of children with total cholesterol above the recommended levels.
Quantifying the probability of meteotsunami occurrence from synoptic atmospheric patterns

A synoptic atmospheric index is constructed for the region of the Balearic Islands, Spain. The index links the occurrence of meteotsunamis, i.e., atmospherically induced high‐frequency sea level oscillations (2 min < T < 120 min), to contemporaneous meteorological synoptic conditions above the region. The correlation between the synoptic index and wave heights is found to be significant and high (up to 0.75). The vertical wind profile is recognized as the most important variable governing the sea level response to atmospheric conditions. The probability of the occurrence of a meteotsunami can be then evaluated from synoptic atmospheric variables. The results show that there exists an index threshold, below which the probability for an intense meteotsunami occurrence is extremely low. However, meteotsunami‐favorable synoptic conditions (the index exceeding the threshold value) are crucial but insufficient; some mesoscale features, not reflected in the synoptic pattern, are found to play an important role in meteotsunami generation. The constructed index is potentially applicable to other world locations where a set of tsunamigenic synoptic conditions may be defined in a similar way as at the Balearic Islands. The index can be used to estimate the rate of meteotsunami occurrence under the conditions of past, present, and future climates. It can also be effectively used in meteotsunami warning systems, especially to switch between a “silent mode” (index below the threshold value) to an “event mode. ”
Remote sensing techniques for soil humidity monitoring in drought areas: case study of the Wadi Hallouf/Oum Zessar watershed (Tunisia)

This study aimed at monitoring the soil moisture in drought areas in southern Tunisia by combining multispectral and SAR images. A set of vegetation and humidity indices derived by multispectral images have been produced to check which of them had a better correspondence to rainfall events. The visual comparison shows that the NDWI and NMDI indices generally have a lower sensitivity to soil humidity changes, while NDMI and NDVI denote a significant increase when SMC increases, especially in presence of vegetation. On the other hand, the VSDI index has a more than good response equally distributed regardless of the type of land use. Results have been then organized to obtain statistical correlations between optical and combined SAR-multispectral indices and cumulative precipitation recorded in 10 meteorological stations located in the study area. The maps of these indices have then been analyzed to highlight which optical index had the best correlation with SMC values; a Combined (microwave + optical/infrared) Drought Severity Index (CDSl) was then calculated and correlations with SMC values were analyzed.
Description of an Euphrates Softshell Turtle (Rafetus euphraticus) nest from the Tigris River (SE Turkey)

We present a first description of a single nest of the endangered Euphrates softshell turtle Rafetus euphraticus from the Tigris River in south-eastern Anatolia on 13 th June 2009. The nest was excavated 4.12 m from the shoreline on a uniformly rising sand slope, reaching 1 m above the water table. The distance from the surface to the nest chamber was about 13 cm. Eggs were spherical, 29.47 mm ± 0.29 in diameter, and weighed 13.6 g ± 0.34 (n = 32). Sand grain size was predominantly (96.25%) 0.149 to 0.42 mm. The species is seriously threatened in this region by dam projects and routine sand mining.
Optical characterization of native aerosols from e-cigarettes in localized volumes

Measuring the size distribution of aerosols typically requires processing a sample, specifically to adjust the particle concentration to an adequate level. Unfortunately, this manipulation can significantly alter the native composition of some aerosols, which can lead to unreliable or even unusable measurements. We demonstrate that coherence-gated dynamic light scattering is suitable to measure the size distribution of native aerosols without the need for sample processing. Another novel aspect of the present work is the first demonstration of these type of localized light-scattering-based measurements in aerial media. Measuring the size distribution reliably in optically dense aerosols is possible thanks to the interferometric amplification of single scattering in an optically isolated, picolitre-sized coherence volume. We carried out proof-of-concept experiments in aerosols from electronic cigarettes, which poses a challenge mainly due to their high concentration, volatility, and hygroscopicity. We generated aerosols using two common moisturizers, propylene glycol and glycerol, and measured their particle size distribution as a function of the burning power. The aerosols generated in the presence of glycerol are more polydisperse and have larger particles with increasing burning power. This unique characterization of native aerosols can provide valuable information for dosimetry and hosting sites in the respiratory system.
Studies of the CEA Design Proposals for EU-DEMO Magnets

The paper gives an overview of the latest magnet design activities at CEA for the EU-DEMO Magnet Systems. It explains the latest changes in design constraints, inputs and definitions, the updates that have been implemented in the design tools, and shows the latest CEA proposed design for the TF magnet. We will discuss the recent updates in the TF and PF design tools which were used in 2022 and 2023. In particular, the tools have evolved to include additional constraints or operating points like possible sub-cooling of the coils or synchronous discharge of the axisymmetric PF/CS system. The electromagnetic coupling of the TF coils with coil case and radial plates is also discussed during a fast safety discharge, along with energy extraction and deposition sharing. Furthermore, a new 2D TF mechanical model is presented that permits to make a fast iteration with design tools and optimize the radial build. Finally, the paper also includes an update on the CEA TF conductor qualification sample, describing in particular the latest results obtained in the Twente Press.
Image Aesthetics Assessment With Emotion-Aware Multibranch Network

The aesthetic and appreciation of an image is the innate human perceptual ability. Emotion, as one of the most basic human perceptions, has been found to have a close relationship with aesthetics. However, explicitly incorporating the learned emotion cues into the image aesthetics assessment (IAA) model remains challenging. In addition, humans consider both fine-grained details and holistic context information in aesthetic assessments. Therefore, the utilization of emotional information to enhance and modulate the representation of aesthetic features in context and detail is crucial for IAA. With this motivation, we propose a new IAA method named emotion-aware multibranch network (EAMB-Net). Specifically, we first design two branches to extract aesthetic features related to detail and context. Then, an emotion branch is proposed to reveal the important emotion regions by generating the emotion-aware map (EAM). Finally, the EAM is further used to infuse emotional knowledge into the aesthetic features and enhance the feature representation, producing the final aesthetic prediction. Experimental results validate that the proposed EAMB-Net can achieve superior performance in score regression, binary classification, and score distribution tasks, obtaining the classification accuracies of 88.87% and 82.12% on the PARA and IAE datasets, respectively, using ResNet50 as the backbone. Furthermore, EAM visualization highlights the critical regions of an image, making EAMB-Net more interpretable than its competitors. Our code will be released at https://github.com/Hangwei-Chen/EAMB-Net.
Biocontrol effects of chemical molecules derived from Beauveria bassiana against larvae of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

In this study, we conducted tests on the isolation, identification, characterization, and extraction of chemical molecules from Beauveria bassiana against Tuta absoluta larvae. The enzyme responses of T. absoluta to the crude extract were examined 24 h after treatment, and the number of dead larvae was calculated 24 and 48 h after treatment. Molecular docking studies were conducted to assess the interaction of important molecules with the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The larvicidal activity of crude chemicals from fungi was high 24 h after treatment, with LC50 and LC90 values of 25.937 and 33.559 μg/mL, respectively. For a period of 48 h, the LC50 and LC90 values were 52.254 and 60.450 μg/mL, respectively. The levels of acetylcholinesterase, α-carboxylesterase, and β-carboxylesterase enzymes were lower in the treatment group after 24 h compared to the control group. The GC-MS test revealed that the crude extract consisted mainly of 9,10-octadecadienoic acid, which was the primary compound. Docking results indicated that 9,10-octadecadienoic acid showed a strong interaction with acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Our findings suggest that the chemical molecule 9,10-octadecadienoic acid derived from the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana is more toxic to T. absoluta larvae. We plan to conduct studies to test its effectiveness in semi-field conditions and to evaluate its stability in field conditions. We believe that this 9,10-octadecadienoic acid molecule could be used to control T. absoluta larvae in the near future without causing environmental pollution.