Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In trauma-exposed individuals, self-reported hyperarousal as well as sleep architecture predict resting-state functional connectivity in frontocortical and paralimbic regions

Background: Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reflect abnormalities in large-scale brain networks. In recently trauma-exposed individuals, we examined associations of seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) with posttraumatic symptoms and sleep. We hypothesized that more severe PTSD symptoms and poorer sleep quality would predict (1) greater rsFC between fear-related seeds and other fear-related regions, and (2) lesser rsFC between fear-related seeds and emotion-regulatory regions. Methods: Seventy-four participants who had experienced a DSM-5 Criterion-A stressor within the past 2 years varied from asymptomatic to fully meeting criteria for PTSD. They underwent 14 days of actigraphy and sleep diaries, a night of ambulatory polysomnography, and one fMRI resting-state scan at 3T. rsFC measures of five fear-related and one emotion-regulatory seeds with regions of the anterior cerebrum were correlated with PTSD symptomatology, objective and subjective habitual sleep quality and sleep architecture. Results: Longer objective habitual sleep onset latency (SOL) was associated with greater connectivity between fear-related seeds and other regions of the salience network. Greater PTSD symptomatology was associated with less connectivity between fear-related seeds and anterior emotion-regulatory regions, while greater percent slow wave sleep (SWS%) was associated with more connectivity between these regions. However, other objective and subjective measures reflecting better habitual sleep quality were associated with lesser rsFC between these regions. Conclusions: Longer SOL predicted greater rsFC among fear-related areas. More severe PTSD symptoms predicted lesser rsFC between fear and fear-regulatory regions reflecting putatively reduced top-down fear regulation. Some (e.g., SWS%), but not all, sleep indices predicted greater top-down fear regulation.
Analogue modeling of tension fracture pattern in relation to mid‐ocean ridge propagation

The propagation of mid‐ocean ridges is examined by means of centrifuge models using non‐linear materials as analogues of lithospheric rocks. Fractures in the upper brittle layer propagate laterally and link together in different coalescence patterns. The geometries of the cracks developed in the initial stage of extension control their subsequent growth and coalescence.
The cytoplasmic tail of L-selectin interacts with the adaptor-protein complex AP-1 subunit  1A via a novel basic binding

L-selectin regulates leukocyte adhesion and rolling along the endothelium. Proteins binding to the cytoplasmic tail of L-selectin regulate L-selectin functions. We used L-selectin cytoplasmic tail peptide pulldown assays combined with high sensitivity liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to identify novel L-selectin tail binding proteins. Incubation of the L-selectin tail with cell extracts from phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages resulted in the binding of  1A of the clathrin-coated-vesicle AP-1 complex. Furthermore, full length GST-  1A and the GST-  1A C-terminal domain but not the GST- 1A N-terminal domain, bind to L-selectin tail peptide and the intracellular pool of L-selectin colocalizes with AP-1 at the trans-Golgi network. We identified a novel basic protein motif consisting of a cluster of three di-basic residues (RR357, KK360, and KK363) in the membrane-proximal domain of L-selectin tail as well as a doublet of aspartic acid residues (DD370) in the membrane-distal end of L-selectin tail involved in  1A binding. Stimulation of Raw 264.7 macrophages with PMA augmented the amount of  1A associated with anti-L-selectin immunoprecipitates. However, full length GST- 1A did not bind to phospho-L-selectin tail or phospho-mimetic Ser364Asp L-selectin tail. Accordingly, we propose that phosphorylation of  1A is required for interaction with L-selectin tail and that L-selectin tail phosphorylation may regulate this interaction in vivo . Molecular docking of L-selectin tail to  1A was used to identify the μ1A surface domain binding L-selectin tail and to Our transported constitutively the AP-1 complex to the formation of a trans-Golgi network reserve pool and that
Small‐scale transverse magnetic disturbances in the polar regions observed by Triad

Small-scale transverse magnetic field disturbances are often observed with the magnetometer experiment on board the Triad satellite at latitudes poleward of the large-scale field-aligned current regions associated with auroral phenomena (Iijima and Potemra, 1976b). In contrast with the magnetic variations associated with the large-scale auroral field-aligned currents the polar cap magnetic variations are smaller in amplitude (∼100 γ) and show variations over smaller latitude ranges (∼0.2°). The small-scale variations are transverse to the main geomagnetic field and therefore explainable by field-aligned currents, but these currents are not necessarily sheets aligned in the geomagnetic east-west direction as the auroral field-aligned currents often are. The small-scale disturbances occur most frequently in the morning sector (between approximately 0300 and 0900 MLT) up to ∼82° invariant latitude during a wide range of Kp. The amplitudes of the polar magnetic variations show little correlation with Kp, but they are observed more frequently at lower invariant latitudes during disturbed geomagnetic conditions. The frequency of occurrence of the small-scale magnetic variations is correlated with the azimuthal direction of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). They are observed in the north polar cap twice as often during periods when the IMF is directed away from the sun than when it is directed toward the sun. The situation is reversed in the southern hemisphere, where the small-scale variations are observed more than twice as often during periods when the IMF direction is toward the sun compared with periods when the IMF is away from the sun. There is no obvious dawn-dusk asymmetry of the occurrence distribution of the polar magnetic variations which is related to the IMF. These observations contribute to the mounting evidence for the direct connnection of earth magnetic field lines to those of the solar wind and the ready access of charged particles to the polar regions.
Optimizing Coverage and Revisit Time in Sparse Military Satellite Constellations: A Comparison of Traditional Approaches and Genetic Algorithms

Abstract : Sparse military satellite constellations were designed using two methods: a traditional approach and a genetic algorithm. One of the traditional constellation designs was the Discoverer II space based radar. Discoverer II was an 8 plane, 24 satellite, Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Walker constellation designed to provide high-range resolution ground moving target indication (HRR-GMTI), synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging and high resolution digital terrain mapping. The traditional method designed 9-ball, 12-ball, 18-ball, and 24-ball Walker constellations. The genetic algorithm created constellations by deriving a phenotype from a triploid genotype encoding of orbital elements. The performance of both design methods were compared using a computer simulation. The fitness of each constellation was calculated using maximum gap time, maximum revisit time, and percent coverage. The goal was to determine if one design method would consistently outperform the other. The genetic algorithm offered a fitness improvement over traditional constellation design methods in all cases except the 24-ball constellation where it demonstrated comparable results. The genetic algorithm improvement over the traditional constellations increased as the number of satellites per constellation decreased. A derived equation related revisit time to the number of ship tracks maintained.
Improving emissions inventories in North America through systematic analysis of model performance during ICARTT and MILAGRO

During 2004 and 2006 the University of Iowa provided air quality forecast support for flight planning of the ICARTT and MILAGRO field campaigns. A method for improvement of model performance in comparison to observations is showed. The method allows identifying sources of model error from boundary conditions and emissions inventories. Simultaneous analysis of horizontal interpolation of model error and error covariance showed that error in ozone modeling is highly correlated to the error of its precursors, and that there is geographical correlation also. During ICARTT ozone modeling error was improved by updating from the National Emissions Inventory from 1999 and 2001, and furthermore by updating large point source emissions from continuous monitoring data. Further improvements were achieved by reducing area emissions of NOx y 60% for states in the Southeast United States. Ozone error was highly correlated to NOy error during this campaign. Also ozone production in the United States was most sensitive to NOx emissions. During MILAGRO model performance in terms of correlation coefficients was higher, but model error in ozone modeling was high due overestimation of NOx and VOC emissions in Mexico City during forecasting. Large model improvements were shown by decreasing NOx emissions in Mexico City by 50% and VOC by 60%. Recurring ozone error is spatially correlated to CO and NOy error. Sensitivity studies show that Mexico City aerosol can reduce regional photolysis rates by 40% and ozone formation by 5-10%. Mexico City emissions can enhance NOy and O3 concentrations over the Gulf of Mexico in up to 10-20%. Mexico City emissions can convert regional ozone production regimes from VOC to NOx limited. A method of interpolation of observations along flight tracks is shown, which can be used to infer on the direction of outflow plumes. The use of ratios such as O3/NOy and NOx/NOy can be used to provide information on chemical characteristics of the plume, such as age, and ozone production regime. Interpolated MTBE observations can be used as a tracer of
Stress, Coping Strategies, and Quality of Life among Jordanian Parents of Children with Autistic Disorder

Background: Parents in different cultures show different psychological functioning when caring for a child with chronic disability such as Autistic Disorder. Arabs are united in a shared culture that is considered substantially different from their western counterparts. Nevertheless, no investigations regarding the experience of parenting a child with Autistic Disorder have been made in the Arab world yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosocial impacts of raising children with Autistic Disorder in a sample from the Arab world. The study examined the levels of parenting stress, the coping strategies, and the levels of quality of life reported by Arab parents. Methods: Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, the convenience sample of the study consisted of 184 parents of children with Autistic Disorder. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires on parenting stress, coping strategies, and quality of life. Results: The results revealed that parents of children with Autistic Disorder experience significant high levels of parenting stress. Positive reappraisal was the most frequently used coping strategy among those parents. Meanwhile, confrontive coping was the least frequently used strategy. In regard to parents’ quality of life, parents reported poor physical, psychological, social, and environmental health scores, with mothers reporting relatively lower scores. The lowest scores for parents were reported on the environmental health domain. Conclusion: The findings from this study indicate that Jordanian parents of children with Autistic Disorder suffer significant impairments in their psychosocial health. Thus, those parents are in need for a wide range of support and educational programs that offer broad information about Autistic Disorder alongside with therapeutic and effective strategies to address their stressors and improve their quality of life.
Changes in Spread and Predictability Associated with ENSO in an Ensemble Coupled GCM

Abstract The present study documents the influence of El Nino and La Nina events on the spread and predictability of rainfall, surface pressure, and 500-hPa geopotential height, and contrasts the relative contribution of signal and noise changes to the predictability change based on a long-term integration of an interactive ensemble coupled general circulation model. It is found that the pattern of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-induced noise change for rainfall follows closely that of the corresponding signal change in most of the tropical regions. The noise for tropical Pacific surface pressure is larger (smaller) in regions of lower (higher) mean pressure. The ENSO-induced noise change for 500-hPa height displays smaller spatial scales compared to and has no systematic relationship with the signal change. The predictability for tropical rainfall and surface pressure displays obvious contrasts between the summer and winter over the Bay of Bengal, the western North Pacific, and the tropical sout.
Flood Forecasts for Urban Basin with Integrated Hydro‐Meteorological Model

We describe a system for forecasting flood risk in the 370 km2, largely urban Kifissos Basin, Athens, Greece, located in moderate to steep terrain (∼3 h hydrologic response time). A 42 h flood forecast lead time is achieved through the use of an integrated hydro-meteorological system. Rainfall is forecast, on a 6 km grid, with a chain of nested numerical weather prediction models, consisting of a limited area model initialized with results of a global circulation model. Flood risk is assessed by driving a hydrologic model with the forecasted rainfall. The system’s forecast skill is evaluated for two recent, medium-size storm events. Results are encouraging for this initial operational stage, however, they also indicate that integrated hydro-meterological models are not yet mature tools. The weaker part of flood risk assessment is the rainfall forecast, which underestimated cumulative depths and maximum intensities and overestimated duration.
Effect of the solar radiation in the topside atmosphere/ionosphere of Mars: Mars Global Surveyor observations

[1] The peak electron density in the ionosphere of Mars and the neutral atmosphere scale height are proportional to the solar radiation flux. The data of the radio occultation experiments on board Mariner 9 and Viking 1 and 2 have already been analyzed to derive the relationship between the peak electron density and neutral atmosphere scale height and F10.7 flux which was used as a proxy of the solar UV radiation. The data points from Mariner 9 and Viking 1 and 2 missions are distributed from −40° to +38° in latitude and rather nonuniformly distributed in longitude. The experiment with the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) accelerometer has revealed significant diurnal variations and latitudinal and longitudinal variations in the neutral atmosphere density and scale height. The effect of the solar radiation can be more confidently established if the effects of diurnal, latitudinal, and longitudinal variations are minimized. In the northern hemisphere the 732 electron density profiles derived from the data of the MGS radio science experiment, which were collected during the mapping phase of the mission, are located in the narrow latitude interval from +63° to +77°. In the southern hemisphere, 219 profiles are located in the latitude interval from −69° to −64.5°. These profiles were also obtained within narrow intervals of local time and are practically uniformly distributed in longitude. The peak electron density and the effective scale height of the neutral atmosphere density in the vicinity of the ionization peak have been derived for each of the profiles studied. The daily averages of E10.7 index are derived from the solar radiation fluxes measured near Earth. Their values are then recalculated, accounting for the relative positions of Mars and the Earth, and are used as a proxy of the EUV radiation flux at Mars. For the time period November 2000 to January 2001 the calculated daily averages of the adjusted peak electron density and effective scale height have been compared with the daily averages of E10.7 index. Analysis has shown that Te was, on average, slightly larger in the southern hemisphere than it was in the northern hemisphere. The hot electrons could be actually trapped within the latitude interval from −69° to −64.5° and the strong crustal magnetic fields have detectable but modest effect in the southern hemisphere Te might be, on average, 50–60% larger than Te in the northern hemisphere. In the case of density profiles measured in the period 1–31 January 2001 in the northern hemisphere Te is likely primarily controlled by the solar wind interaction with the Martian atmosphere/ionosphere.
The age of the oceanic accretionary wedge and onset of continental collision in the Sicilian Maghrebian Chain

New biostratigraphic data from the formations unconformably lying above the tectonic units resulting from the Flysch Basin Domain (FBD) in the Sicilian Maghrebids are here reported. The FBD constituted a southern branch of the western Tethys, separating during the Jurassic to Paleogene a Mesomediterranean Microplate from the African Plate. The age of the youngest sediments involved in the nappes and that of the unconformable terrains deposited in thrust-top basins on these tectonic units, allow to define both the age of deformation of the oceanic realm and the onset of the continental collision. The deformation migrated from internal to external areas of FBD starting from the latest Burdigalian-Langhian to Serravallian. Therefore, the previously proposed Eocene-Oligocene mesoalpine deformation of the Maghrebian FBD cannot be supported. The continental collision started during the Serravallian and it was accomplished in the late Tortonian, when clastic deposits sealed the boundaries of the tectonic units originated from all the paleogeographic domains of the Maghrebian Chain. The steps of the tectonic evolution in the Sicilian Maghrebids are now very well constrained and the proposed tectonic evolution may be extended to the whole Maghrebian Chain, as far as to the western Betic Cordilleras and to the southern Apennines, where most of the tectonic events show highly similar features and ages.
β-d- N 4 -hydroxycytidine Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Through Lethal Mutagenesis But Is Also Mutagenic To Mammalian Cells

the active ribonucleoside tri-phosphate form and concentrate in genomes of RNA viruses during viral replication. β-d- N 4 -hydroxycytidine (NHC, initial metabolite of molnupiravir) is >100-fold more active than ribavirin or favipiravir against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with antiviral activity correlated to the level of mutagenesis in virion RNA. However, NHC also displays host mutational activity in an animal cell culture assay, consistent with RNA and DNA precursors sharing a common intermediate of a ribonucleoside diphosphate. These results indicate highly active mutagenic ribonucleosides may hold risk for the host.
Endothiodont dicynodonts from the Late Permian Kundaram Formation, India

The Kundaram Formation, a Lower Gondwana unit of the Pranhita‐Godavari valley, contains the only known Permian dicynodonts in India. This dicynodont assemblage is dominated by Endothiodon. Two species (Endothiodon mahalanobisi sp. nov and Endothiodon uniseries Owen 1879) are described here. This is the first detailed study of Endothiodon from outside Africa. The study shows that Endothiodon jaw articulation permitted propalinal action when the opposing serrations in the upper and the lower jaw teeth occluded with the horn covered areas and helped in shearing and mastication. The presence of oblique wear facets on the upper and lower jaw teeth and a masseter‐like muscle suggest a slightly lateral movement of the lower jaw which enhanced slicing of plant matter. A robust stapes with posterolateral notch constitutes the middle ear region though Endothiodon depended mainly on ground vibrations for hearing. Other features included a reduced olfactory sense and large eyes for vigilance and ease of detecting predators. Based on its vertebrate fauna, this fossiliferous Gondwana horizon of the Pranhita‐Godavari valley is broadly correlated with the Tropidostoma and/or Cistecephalus Assemblage Zones of the Beaufort Group, Karoo Supergroup, South Africa. It indicates a probable Tatarian age for the Kundaram Formation.
Comparison of branching models for seismicity and likelihood maximization through simulated annealing

[1] Stochastic branching models provide a good description of some aspects of the temporal organization in seismicity. Generally, they assume that magnitudes are independent of history, as in the widely used Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model. Here, we consider a recent epidemic‐like model where time‐magnitude and magnitude‐magnitude correlations are introduced via a dynamical scaling (DS) hypothesis, namely, the magnitude difference between earthquakes fixes the time scale for correlations. We also consider a variation of the ETAS model where the c parameter of the Omori law is not fixed but depends on the parent magnitude. We develop a novel procedure to maximize the log likelihood of the different models. This method is based on a Monte Carlo sampling in the parameter space with a variable step size during the evolution to converge to the given accuracy. The log likelihood indicates that the DS model provides the best fit for the major California sequences and the whole catalog, setting as lower magnitude thresholds Mc ≥ 3.5. For Mc = 3, the best fit is obtained by a model with c depending on both the parent magnitude and goes into Mc as in the generalized Omori law. The better performance of the DS model with respect to the ETAS model is attributed to correlations in magnitudes.
STUDY OF THE DEFORMATION OF KOYNA DAM USING THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

Abstract Large engineering structures such as dams, though essential for development, are also a potential hazard, causing loss of human lives and property, in case of their failure under excessive deformations. Hence, monitoring dam deformations has assumed great importance worldwide. Classical geodetic techniques, and more recently, the revolutionary space geodetic technique: Global Positioning System (GPS), are valuable tools for generating important input data to monitor such deformations. A project for crustal dynamic studies in the Koyna Region in Maharashtra, India, using GPS, has been taken up, which also includes the deformation studies for Koyna Dam. A GPS network has been established for this purpose, and observed in two sessions viz. December 2000 and May 2001. The study results indicate a definite correlation between the change in reservoir water level and the deformation of the dam. The results obtained using the conventional methods are found in close agreement with the GPS-derived results, thus proving GPS to be an effective tool for dam deformation studies.