Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Little Effect of Land Use on N2O and NO Emission Pulses Following Rewetting of Dry Soils Across Seasonally Dry sub‐Saharan Africa

In seasonally dry ecosystems, which are common in sub‐Saharan Africa, precipitation after dry periods can cause large pulses of nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas, and of nitric oxide (NO), a precursor to tropospheric ozone pollution. Agricultural practices can change soil characteristics, affecting trace N gas emissions. To evaluate the effects of land use on trace gas pulses at the start of the rainy season, we conducted laboratory measurements of N2O and NO fluxes from soils collected from four pairs of agricultural and natural savannah sites across the Sudano‐Sahelian zone. We also conducted in situ wetting experiments, measuring NO fluxes from fallow sandy soils in Tanzania and NO and N2O fluxes from clayey soils in Kenya with different histories of fertilizer use. In incubation studies, NO increased by a factor of 7 to 25 following wetting, and N2O fluxes shifted from negative to positive; cumulative NO fluxes were an order of magnitude larger than cumulative N2O fluxes. In Kenya and Tanzania, NO increased by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude after wetting, and N2O increased by a factor of roughly 5 to 10. Cumulative NO fluxes ranged from 87 to 115 g NO‐N ha−1 across both countries—a substantial proportion of annual emissions—compared to roughly 1 g N2O‐N in Kenya. There were no effects of land use or fertilization history on the magnitude of NO or N2O pulses, though land use may have been confounded with differences in soil texture potentially limiting the ability to detect land use effects.
Signaling Under Threat: Evidence of Voluntary Disclosure in Contested Takeovers

We investigate voluntary disclosure strategies in contested takeovers and the associated economic consequences. Using a difference-in-differences research design and propensity score matching, we find that, relative to friendly takeovers, target management in contested takeovers provides more earnings guidance and conveys more good news during the takeover. Moreover, voluntary disclosure helps contested targets negotiate a better offer, and the results are stronger for targets with more information asymmetry. Collectively, targets adopt voluntary disclosure and alter their strategies under the threat of contested takeover to enhance their bargaining power. Voluntary disclosure by contested targets serves as a negotiation tactic that potentially benefits target shareholders.
An In-Situ Electroplating Fabricated Fabry-Perot Interferometric Sensor and Its Temperature Sensing Characteristics

In this study, in-situ electroplating method was used to fabricate a metal joint fixed extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric (EFPI) sensor. Specifically, optical fibers were firstly chemical plated with a very thin conductive nickel layer and then electroplated with nickel coating. After that, in-situ electroplating method was used to fix the metallized optical fibers and the capillary steel tube, the reflection spectra changes of the EFPI sensors during the in-situ electroplating process were recorded in real time, and the temperature sensing characteristics of the EFPI sensors were studied assisted by the temperature sensing system. Results show that: (i) optical fibers are well protected by the nickel layer; (ii) the reflection spectra of the EFPI sensors are clear and complete in the whole in-situ electroplating process, it is feasible to fabricate a EFPI sensor with the in-situ electroplating method; (iii) with the increases of temperature, the peak numbers of the reflection spectra of the EFPI sensors increase gradually; (iv) the EFPI sensors with different cavity length based on the in-situ electroplating method show excellent sensing characteristics, the temperature sensitivities reach up to about 700, 600, and 400 pm/°C from room temperature to 400 °C, respectively.
Traditional Male Role Norms and Sexual Prejudice in Sport Organizations: A Focus on Italian Sport Directors and Coaches

Despite the common belief that sport is an excellent instrument to promote social inclusion, distal minority stressors, such as homophobic slurs and insulting or degrading comments, are frequently reported in sport contexts. The aim of this contribution was to expand previous knowledge on negative attitudes toward sexual minorities (gay and lesbian people) in sport-related contexts, by examining how staff employed in organizational sport contexts scored on three different dimensions of sexual prejudice toward sexual minority athletes: open rejection (i.e., blatant prejudice), denial of visibility (i.e., negative attitudes toward the coming out), and gendering performance (i.e., gender stereotypes about sport performance and skills). Furthermore, we examined the relationship between traditional norms of masculinity and dimensions of sexual prejudice. The sample consisted of 178 Italian sport directors and coaches who were asked to complete an online survey (70 women and 108 men, mostly aged from 38 to 65 years old). A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that participants scored higher on denial of visibility, with respect to open rejection and gendering performance, independently of gender and sport role. The structural equation model showed that endorsing traditional male role norms was significantly associated with open rejection and gendering performance, whereas no significant association was found with denial of visibility. The findings provide further evidence that sexual prejudice is prevalent in sport organizations, supporting the importance of raising awareness among sports personnel about prejudiced beliefs that may lead minority people to experience severe stress-inducing situations.
PHOTODYNAMIC AND SUNLIGHT INACTIVATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS DIFFERING IN NEAR‐UV SENSITIVITY AND RECOMBINATION PROFICIENCY

Abstract— Stationary cells of four Escherichia coli strains exhibiting all four possible combinations of genes controlling near‐UV sensitivity (nur vs nur+) and recombination proficiency (far‐UV sensitivity; recA1 us recA+) have been inactivated by visible light in the presence of acridine orange (AO, 10µg/ml) and sunlight. The results demonstrate that strains sensitive to near‐UV inactivation are also sensitive to inactivation by visible light in the presence of AO and sunlight irrespective of the recA allele carried by the strain. These results may be interpreted to mean that major mechanisms of inactivation of stationary E. coli cells by near‐UV, visible light in the presence of AO and sunlight are similar and not closely related to the mechanism of inactivation by far‐UV.
The role of parenteral nutrition in paediatric critical care, and its consequences on recovery

The goal of nutritional support during critical illness is to provide the appropriate amount of nutrition accounting for the acute, stable and recovery phase in order to accelerate recovery and to improve short-term and long-term outcomes. Although the preferred route to provide nutritional support during paediatric critical illness is via enteral route, reaching target intakes is often difficult due to (perceived) feeding intolerance, fluid restriction, and interruptions around procedures. Because undernourishment in these children has been associated with impaired outcome, parenteral nutrition (PN) has therefore been viewed as an optimal alternative for reaching early and high nutritional targets. However, PN recommendations regarding timing, dose and composition varied widely and were based on studies using intermediate or surrogate endpoints and observational studies. It was not until the paediatric early versus late PN in critically ill children (PEPaNIC) randomized controlled trial (RCT) that the advice to reach high and early macronutrient goals via PN was challenged. The PEPaNIC study showed that omitting supplemental PN during the first week of paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission as compared with early initiation of PN (<24 hours) reduced new acquired infections and accelerated recovery. The provision of amino acids in particular was negatively associated with short-term outcomes, probably explained by the suppression of the activation of autophagy. Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved intracellular degradation process and it is crucial for maintaining cellular integrity and function, which becomes even more important during acute stress. Results of the long-term PEPaNIC follow-up study showed that withholding early PN did not negatively affect anthropometrics and health status but improved neurocognitive and psychosocial development 2 and 4 years later. Current guidelines therefore advise to consider withholding parenteral macronutrients for the first week of PICU admission, while providing micronutrients. Although parenteral restriction during the first week of critical illness has been found beneficial, further research beyond the acute phase is warranted to determine the best role of PN in terms of optimal timing, dose and composition in order to improve short-term recovery and long-term developmental outcomes.
Assessment of Knowledge, Perception, and Willingness of using Telemedicine among Medical and Allied Healthcare Students Studying in Private Institutions

Introduction: Telemedicine is a developing technology in the Indian healthcare sector. The success of any new technology depends on factors such as knowledge, perception, and willingness of users and professionals to engage it. This study assessed the knowledge, perception, and willingness of healthcare students to use telemedicine. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare students from May 10, 2020 to June 30, 2020 in India. In this study, there were 428 individuals selected using Non-Probability Convenience Sampling and were approached through online Google Forms. The pretested study questionnaire that administered had four parts: demographic details, willingness, perception, and knowledge level. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results: Out of the total study population, 40% were male and 60% were female. Forty-three percentage of the total population reported insufficient knowledge of telemedicine, and 52.1% had insufficient knowledge about its application. However, 90.9% viewed telemedicine as a viable approach, and they were willing to use telemedicine and integrate it in their practice in future. It was determined that perception toward telemedicine influenced willingness for adopting in their careers. Conclusion: Even though each participant’s knowledge and awareness were limited, the majority of individuals reported positive perception and willingness toward using the telemedicine in their career. Thus, it is essential to build proper and effective communication channels and awareness among students, professionals, and users for telemedicine to succeed in India.
The synthesis and performance of Zr-doped and W–Zr-codoped VO2 nanoparticles and derived flexible foils

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a key material for thermochromic smart window applications because of its Mott phase transition properties. However, the applications of VO2 have been restricted because of its drawbacks in performance, including high phase transition temperature (Tc), low luminous transmittance (Tlum), limited solar energy modulation ability (ΔTsol) and unpleasant color. Various studies have been undertaken to resolve these problems but the improvement in any one aspect is always accompanied by a deterioration of the others. This paper reports that Zr doping can simultaneously decrease Tc, increase Tlum, improve ΔTsol and modify the color of VO2 foils. The Tc value decreased from 68.6 °C to 64.3 °C at 9.8% Zr-doping; meanwhile, the composite foils prepared from Zr-doped VO2 nanoparticles exhibited excellent luminous transmittance (up to 60.4%) and solar energy modulation ability (up to 14.1%). The experimental optical band gap was 1.59 eV for the undoped VO2, which increased to 1.89 eV at 9.8% doping. As a result, the color of the Zr-doped foils was modified to increase their luminous transmittance and lighten the yellowish color of the VO2 foil. The first-principles calculation was in good agreement with the experiment results. The W–Zr-codoped VO2 nanoparticles were prepared to further decrease the transition temperature (28.6 °C), while simultaneously maintaining the luminous transmittance (48.6%) and solar energy modulation ability (4.9%) of the derived foils.
The Effectiveness of Discovery Learning with Truth or Dare Technique in Improving Students' Logical Thinking Ability

This research originated from a phenomenon that shows the low ability of students to think logically. This study aims to provide solutions to improve students' logical thinking skills by using discovery learning with truth or dare techniques. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest-posttest. The data were collected using a pre-test and post-test of students' logical thinking skills. The population in this study were students of class VII SMPN 5 Ponorogo. Those who were randomly selected as samples were class VII-F as the experimental class and class VII-I as the control class. Furthermore, data analysis was performed using the t-test. The results showed that the effectiveness of the discovery learning model of truth or dare learning technique with conventional learning has a significant difference. The ability to think logically between students who use the Discovery Learning learning model truth or dare technique is higher than the logical thinking skills of students who use conventional learning. The use of this learning model provides the opportunity for students to find concepts related to the material independently. As a result, students can hone and optimize their logical thinking skills to solve the problems they face during the learning process.
Financial Statement Fraud Detection With Beneish M-Score and Dechow F-Score Model: An Empirical Analysis of Fraud Pentagon Theory in Indonesia

This research contributes to the Financial Statement Fraud (FSF) literature by examining the ability of the Beneish model and the F-Score model to detect FSF trends in the Indonesian context. This study also aims to provide empirical evidence on other issues that encourage fraud. The results of this study are empirical evidence that the financial target variables and CEO narcissism have a significant effect on financial statement fraud while financial stability, external pressure, supervision ineffectiveness, related party transactions, auditor turnover, and CEO dominance have no significant effect on financial statement fraud. Furthermore, when viewed in the table of the F-Score and M-Score models, there are several companies suspected or indicated of fraudulent financial reporting, including 284 companies out of 385 observation samples. The percentage of companies indicated to have financial statements fraud requires further examination to really prove that the company is cheating. The results of the fraudulent financial report analysis using the F-Score dan M-score for manufacturing companies in 2014 2018 successfully analyzed a total of 284 companies that indicated fraudulent financial reporting.
1 μm range comparative length measurement using a regular crystalline lattice and a dual tunneling unit scanning tunneling microscope

This article presents a potential image processing method for determining the in-plane geometrical distortion of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) image and calibrating it using a regular crystalline lattice, and describes the results obtained in comparative length measurements in the range of about 1 μm using a regular crystalline lattice as a reference scale and a dual tunneling unit-STM (DTU-STM) as a detector. The method is based on two-dimensional fast Fourier transform analysis. The DTU-STM with one X-Y stage and two tunneling units independently controlled in the Z-axis direction was utilized for comparative length measurement. To improve the measurement accuracy, the present method is used to process the raw images obtained from the DTU-STM. The results of experiments, in which the cleaved surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite is used as a reference scale for measurement of lengths on the order of 1 μm, demonstrate the feasibility of the present image processing method and the possibil.
Thermometry and Microstructural Analysis Imply Protracted Extensional Exhumation of the Tso Morari UHP Nappe, Northwestern Himalaya: Implications for Models of UHP Exhumation

Documenting the processes that facilitate exhumation of ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) rocks at convergent margins is critical for understanding orogen dynamics. Here, we present structural and temperature data from the Himalayan UHP Tso Morari nappe (TMN) and overlying nappes, which we integrate with published pressure‐temperature‐time constraints to refine interpretations for their structural evolution and exhumation history. Our data indicate that the 5.5‐km‐thick TMN is the upper portion of a penetratively deformed ductile slab, which was extruded via distributed, pure shear‐dominated, top‐down‐to‐east shearing. Strain in the TMN is recorded by high‐strength quartz fabrics (density norms between 1.74 and 2.86) and finite strain data that define 63% transport‐parallel lengthening and 46% transport‐normal shortening. The TMN attained peak temperatures of ~500–600°C, which decrease in the overlying Tetraogal and Mata nappes to ~150–300°C, defining a field gradient as steep as 67°C/km. Within the overlying nappes, quartz fabric strength decreases (density norms between 1.14 and 1.21) and transport‐parallel lengthening and transport‐normal shortening decrease to 14% and 18%, respectively. When combined with published 40Ar/39Ar thermochronometry, quartz fabric deformation temperatures as low as ~330°C indicate that the top‐to‐east shearing that exhumed the TMN continued until ~30 Ma. Peak temperatures constrain the maximum depth of the overlying Mata nappe to 12.5–17.5 km; when combined with published fission‐track thermochronometry, this provides further support that the TMN was not underplated at upper crustal levels until ~30 Ma. The long‐duration, convergence‐subnormal shearing that exhumed the TMN outlasted rapid India‐Asia convergence by ~15 Myr and may be the consequence of strain partitioning during oblique convergence.
Black and White: Access to Capital Among Minority-Owned Startups

We used confidential and restricted-access data from the Kauffman Firm Survey and matched administrative data on credit scores to explore racial disparities in access to capital for new business ventures. The novel results on racial inequality in start-up financing indicate that Black-owned start-ups start smaller and stay smaller over the entire first eight years of their existence. Black start-ups face more difficulty in raising external capital, especially external debt. We find that disparities in creditworthiness constrain Black entrepreneurs, but perceptions of treatment by banks also hold them back. Black entrepreneurs apply for loans less often than White entrepreneurs largely because they expect to be denied credit, even when they have a good credit history and in settings where strong local banks favor new business development. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
Marital Distress in Missionaries as Measured by the MMPI-2-RF Interpersonal Scales

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) is a briefer revision of the MMPI-2. The archived MMPI-2 profiles of 214 evangelical missionaries were analyzed to explore the relationship among the MMPI-2-RF newly constructed interpersonal scales, the RC scales, and missionary distress. Missionary husbands and wives were placed into two groups based on marital types (conflicted and non-conflicted) and again into three groups based on presenting issues (marital, family, and non-family distress). The results lend support to the use of the MMPI-2-RF Family Problems (FML), Interpersonal Passivity (IPP), and Shyness (SHY) interpersonal scales along with the RC4 scale as a basic screening instrument for post-selection, pre-deployment missionaries with marital distress. Consequently, the MMPI-2-RF may be able to inform us in new ways. Recommendations for counselors and missionary boards are discussed.
Proposal of a new research construct in female entrepreneurship

* This research was carried out within the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union in the framework of Strategic Partnership project “Cultural Studies in Business” (ERASMUS 2018-1-IT02-KA203-048091). The paper reflects only the views of the authors, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use, which may be made of the information contained therein. The research was firstly presented at the MAKELearn Conference in Piran, Slovenia (Vadnjal & Bernik Dermol, 2019). We would like to thank to the conference organizers and participants who helped a lot to finish the paper by inputting important insights during the discussion. ** Mateja Vadnjal, PhD, International School for Social and Business Studies, Celje, Slovenia, Email: mateja. vadnjal@mfdps.si, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8697-859X *** Jaka Vadnjal (Corresponding author), PhD, Full Professor, GEA College – Faculty of Entrepreneurship, Ljubljana, Slovenia, E-mail: jaka.vadnjal@gea-college.si, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-3957 ****Alenka Bernik Dermol, MSc, International School for Social and Business Studies, Celje, Slovenia, Email: alenka.dermol@mfdps.si Entrepreneurship has been a gender-defined phenomenon for several decades. It has been presented as a typically male domain which for its demanding performance requires typical male characteristics. In this paper, we follow the suggestions of researchers of female entrepreneurs and focus on the research of three groups of female entrepreneurs. We propose that female entrepreneurs in different life stages have distinguished forms of human and social capital, and we apply the factors of those capitals to be measured. We observe the influence of parents, maternity as a metaphor for family involvement and family responsibilities, friends, and the broader environment on social capital. We discussed female entrepreneurship using two functions as emotional support and incentives and as an instrumental social capital that provides access to information, resources and business partners. We added previous entrepreneurial experience, the level of education attained, business knowledge acquired at school and specific training, industry experience, previous managerial experience to the human capital function. With our model, we introduced the theory of life expectancy of women into entrepreneurship theory, which brings us closer to understanding the external influences on entrepreneurial aspirations and motivations of women of different ages.