Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pore-water pressure accumulation during closely spaced earthquakes: Fundão Tailings Dam

This paper focuses on pore-water pressure accumulation in loose sandy tailings during three (3) earthquakes within four minutes and the accompanying decrease in effective stress to assess the dynamic stability of the Fundão Tailings Dam, which failed on 5 November 2015. Results of laboratory cyclic direct simple shear tests are used to illustrate the accumulation of pore-water pressures with closely spaced low-level cyclic events. The seismically-induced pore-water pressures in the loose sands below the left abutment downstream slope and setback area are used to estimate the decrease in factor of safety with time until failure occurred within 20–30 minutes of the earthquakes. Field cone penetration and standard penetration test conducted prior to the failure are used to calculate the factor of safety against liquefaction to estimate pore-water pressures generated during the fore, main, and aftershocks in the sandy tailings. The effective stress stability analyses utilise a liquefied shear strength ratio for the sand tailings below the left abutment downstream slope and toe of the plateau because the sand tailings reached the critical state condition due to a reduction in the effective stress. SITE LOCATION: 20.206500°S, 43.467111°W
Pelvic Lymphadenectomy May Not Improve Biochemical Recurrence-Free Survival in Patients with Prostate Cancer Treated with Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy in Japan (The MSUG94 Group)

Simple Summary This study evaluated the utility of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). After propensity score matching, 1210 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups: those who underwent RARP without PLND (non-PLND group) and those who underwent PLND (PLND group). At the end of the follow-up period, no deaths due to PCa were identified in this study. Seventy-one patients (5.9%) had biochemical recurrence after RARP, and the 2-year biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) rate was 95.0% for all patients, 95.8% for the non-PLND group and 94.3% for the PLND group (p = 0.855). For the all-risk group, there were no significant differences between patients who did and did not undergo PLND. Nevertheless, the results of the log-rank study indicate that PLND may be unnecessary for patients with PCa undergoing RARP. Abstract In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we aimed to evaluate whether pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) improved biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in Japan. A multicenter retrospective cohort study of 3195 PCa patients undergoing RARP at nine institutions in Japan was conducted. Enrolled patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent RARP without PLND (non-PLND group) and those who underwent PLND (PLND group). The primary endpoint was biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) in PCa patients who underwent PLND. We developed a propensity score analysis to reduce the effects of selection bias and potential confounding factors. Propensity score matching resulted in 1210 patients being enrolled in the study. The 2-year BRFS rate was 95.0% for all patients, 95.8% for the non-PLND group, and 94.3% for the PLND group (p = 0.855). For the all-risk group according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk stratification, there were no significant differences between patients who did and did not undergo PLND. Based on the results of the log-rank study, PLND may be unnecessary for patients with PCa undergoing RARP.
Judging reliability at wine and water competitions

Abstract Studies suggest the inter-rater reliability of judges at wine competitions is higher than what would be expected by random chance, but lower than what is observed when experts in other fields make judgments specific to their expertise. To further contextualize the (un-) reliability of wine judging while also extending the study of fine water, we examine the inter-rater reliability of judges at an annual international competition for bottled waters. We find that the inter-rater reliability of water judging is generally better than chance and, at best, about the same as the inter-rater reliability of wine judging at some wine competitions. These results suggest that perceptible differences between fine waters exist but are less pronounced than those between fine wines and, also, that aesthetic standards with respect to fine waters exist but are currently less established than those for fine wines.
Uniaxial epsilon-near-zero metamaterials: from superlensing to double refraction

Abstract. We investigated optical properties of nanostructured metal-dielectric multilayered lattices under the conditions of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ), a concept derived from the effective-medium approach (EMA). We theoretically found that the periodic array of metallic nanolayers may exhibit either superlensing driven by broadband canalization from point emitters or single-polarization double refraction, and conventional positive as well as negative, even at subwavelength regimes. For the latter case, we formulated a modified EMA, and subsequently a generalized refraction law, that describes both refractive behaviors concurrently. The modal coupling of plasmonic lattice resonances, and nonlocality induced by partial screening across the nanolayer length, are responsible for these distinct effects. Numerical simulations show that deep-subwavelength lensing along the optical axis of Ag-GaAs metamaterial is clearly enhanced at optical wavelengths. On the other hand, transverse-magnetic-polarized radiation that is obliquely incident on the ENZ periodic nanostructures with the same materials in the infrared (around 1.55 μm) undergoes double refraction neighboring 50/50 beamsplitting.
Dispersion relations in metal nanoparticle chains: necessity of the multipole approach

Lorenz–Mie multiple-scattering theory is used to perform semi-analytical calculations of the lossy dispersion relations of propagating modes in infinite chains of metallic spheres. Lossy modes are described by allowing the projection of the wavevector along the chain axis to be a complex number rather than the more common complex frequency description. We show that even when the constituent particles are much smaller than the wavelength, one generally needs to go well beyond the coupled dipole approximation to achieve stable predictions.
Mathematical reasoning of prospective mathematics teachers in solving problems based on working memory capacity differences

This study aims to investigate algorithmic reasoning and creative reasoning of prospective mathematics teachers in solving problems. This research is a qualitative research. The research subjects are prospective mathematics teachers with high working memory capacity (HWMC) and low working memory capacity (LWMC). Based on the results on algorithmic reasoning, it is known that for subjects with HWMC using algorithms to solve the given problems. While subjects with LWMC using sum and multiplication rules to solve the given problems. On creative mathematical reasoning it is known that for subjects with HWMC using a novel strategy, providing predictive and verification reasons for the selection of strategies, and providing convincing reasons accordance with the intrinsic mathematical properties. While subjects with low memory capacity had difficulty providing a verification reason and the reason that the way of solving was in accordance with the intrinsic mathematical properties.
Mapping class groups are automatic

Let S be a compact surface, possibly with the extra structure of an orientation or a finite set of distinguished points called punctures. The mapping class group of S is the group MCG(S) = Homeo(S)/ Homeo0(S), where Homeo(S) is the group of all homeomorphisms of S preserving the extra structure, and Homeo0(S) is the normal subgroup of all homeomorphisms isotopic to the identity through elements of Homeo(S). By convention each boundary component of S contains a puncture; in general, if a boundary component contains no puncture it may be collapsed to a puncture without changing the mapping class group. Given a group G, suppose that A = {g1, . , gk} is a finite set of generators and L is a set of words over the alphabet A, such that each element of G is represented by at least one word in L, and L is a regular language over A, i.e. one can check for membership in L with a finite automaton. The words in L representing a given group element can be thought of as normal forms for that element. Then L is an automatic structure for G if for any two words v, w ∈ L, one can check with a finite automaton whether the associated group elements v̄ and w̄ are equal, and whether they differ by a certain generator. A more geometric characterization of automaticity is given by the fellow traveller property , which says that there is a constant K such that for any v, w ∈ L, if d(v̄, w̄) ≤ 1, where d(v̄, w̄) is the word length of v̄−1w̄, then for any n ≥ 0, letting v(n) and w(n) be the prefixes of v̄ and w̄ of length n, then d(v̄(n), w̄(n)) ≤ K. A group G is automatic if it has an automatic structure. The theory of automatic groups is presented in [ECHLPT]. An automatic group has a quadratic isoperimetric inequality, and a quadratic time algorithm for the word problem, in addition to many other nice geometric and computational properties.
Investigation of the optical performance in straight hybrid plasmonic waveguides with concentric nanoring and nanodisk

Abstract. A straight hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPW) with concentric nanoring and nanodisk is numerically investigated based on a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. It shows that the straight HPW and the nanoring with variational geometry parameters possess different coupling efficiencies at the telecommunication wavelengths. With different coupling processes, effective coupling can be achieved which provides a way to achieve optimal transmittance. Under an appropriate geometry parameter regime, the HPW could simultaneously offer a large split ratio and provide subwavelength field confinement and long propagation distance. The wavelength responses show that the HPW has good wavelength toleration around 1550 nm, indicating that it may be employed as an optical device with the desired performance for optical communications.
Solitary-wave solutions of nonlinear problems

A general method is presented for the exact treatment of analytical problems that have solutions representing solitary waves. The theoretical framework of the method is developed in abstract first, providing a range of fixed-point theorems and other useful resources. It is largely based on topological concepts, in particular the fixed-point index for compact mappings, and uses a version of positive-operator theory referred to Frechet spaces. Then three exemplary problems are treated in which steadily propagating waves of permanent form are known to be represented. The first covers a class of one-dimensional model equations that generalizes the classic Korteweg—de Vries equation. The second concerns two-dimensional wave motions in an incompressible but density-stratified heavy fluid. The third problem describes solitary waves on water in a uniform canal.
PROBING THE STELLAR HALO OF THE MILKY WAY WITH THE SEKBO RR LYRAE SURVEY

We investigate the steepening of the power-law slope beyond the Galactocentric radius of R ∼ 45 kpc in the RR Lyrae (RRL) space density distribution found by Keller et al. They identified 2016 RRL candidates derived from the analysis of archival observations of the Southern Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt Object (SEKBO) survey. Our aim is to verify the completeness of RRLs and ultimately the space density distribution function given by Keller et al. We followed up on a subset of 137 candidates with a range of magnitudes (V ∼ 14–20) using the Faulkes Telescope (FT) database and confirmed 57 candidates as real RRLs. A cross-match between SEKBO RRL survey and Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release-7 (SDSS DR-7) revealed 272 RRL candidates in common. Applying the color selection criteria proposed by Ivezić et al. resulted in 193 likely RRLs. The completeness as a function of magnitude was calculated empirically from the combined set of SEKBO RRL candidates from current FT data, SDSS cross-matched data, and the Prior et al. catalog. This resulted in a spatial density distribution characterized by two power laws with a break radius R within a range between 45 kpc and 50 kpc, similar to the results of Keller et al. We find the power-law slopes for the inner halo as ninner = −2.78 ± 0.02 and for the outer halo as nouter = −5.0 ± 0.2.
Cryopreservation of Semen in Domestic Animals: A Review of Current Challenges, Applications, and Prospective Strategies

Simple Summary Here we present a comprehensive review of the current literature describing mechanisms of damage incurred by cryopreservation, and we highlight several classical and novel strategies to mitigate this damage and increase sperm survival during the cryopreservation process. Abstract Cryopreservation is a way to preserve germplasm with applications in agriculture, biotechnology, and conservation of endangered animals. Cryopreservation has been available for over a century, yet, using current methods, only around 50% of spermatozoa retain their viability after cryopreservation. This loss is associated with damage to different sperm components including the plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs. To mitigate this damage, conventional strategies use chemical additives that include classical cryoprotectants such as glycerol, as well as antioxidants, fatty acids, sugars, amino acids, and membrane stabilizers. However, clearly current protocols do not prevent all damage. This may be due to the imperfect function of antioxidants and the probable conversion of media components to more toxic forms during cryopreservation.
Continuum of Chiral Luttinger Liquids at the Fractional Quantum Hall Edge

We study current versus voltage $(I\ensuremath{-}V)$ when tunneling into the edge of the fractional quantum Hall effect over a continuum of filling factors $(\ensuremath{\nu})$ from 1/4 to 1. Our devices manifest the power law $I\ensuremath{-}V$ behavior previously observed by Chang et al. at discrete fillings, but now with as many as six decades in current and over the whole range of filling factor suggesting the existence of a continuum of chiral Luttinger liquids. Surprisingly the exponent behaves approximately as $1/\ensuremath{\nu}$ and does not exhibit the strong plateau features predicted in recent theoretical works based on the intermixing of copropagating and counterpropagating multiple edge modes.
UV-by photometry in M39 and delta Lyrae

Photoelectric UV-by observations have been obtained for stars in the mid-B to early-A spectral range in the fields of M39 and delta Lyrae. The color and luminosity calibrations of Crawford for B, A, and F stars have been employed, as well as the new calibration for A0 stars of Hilditch et al. (1983). The resulting distance modulus for M39 is 7.23, with a mean E(b-y) color excess of 0.025. A distance modulus of 7.29 and a mean reddening of 0.032 has been derived for ten stars in the field of delta Lyrae, but the existence of a cluster is not strongly indicated in the present study. Comparison of photometric and rotational velocity data for the M39 stars confirms a correlation between deltac/sub 0/ and rotational velocity for A and A0 stars, and suggests that an evolutionary correction of only -3deltac/sub 0/ be employed for stars in both spectral classes.
An inverse energy cascade in two-dimensional low Reynolds number bubbly flows

Two direct numerical simulations of several buoyant bubbles in a two-dimensional periodic domain are presented. The average rise Reynolds number of the bubbles is close to 2, and surface tension is high, resulting in small bubble deformation. The void fraction is relatively high, and the bubbles interact strongly. Simulations of the motion of both 144 and 324 bubbles show the formation of flow structures much larger than the bubble size, and a continuous increase in the energy of the low-wavenumber velocity modes. Plots of the energy spectrum show a range of wavenumbers with an approximately -5/3 slope. This suggests that a part of the work done by the buoyant bubbles is not dissipated, but instead increases the energy of flow structures much larger than the bubbles. This phenomenon, which is also seen in numerical simulation of forced two-dimensional turbulence, prevents the appearance of a statistically steady-state motion that is independent of the size of the computational domain.
A General Theory of Passive Linear Electroacoustic Transducers and the Electroacoustic Reciprocity Theorem. I

A theory of the operation of passive linear electroacoustic transducers is developed on the basis of the most general linear equations (in this case, integral equations) relating the pressure and normal velocity at each point on the transducer surface and the voltage and current at the transducer's electrical terminals. These, together with the appropriate solutions of the wave equation expressed through the use of Green's functions for the medium in which the transducer is immersed and the equations defining the electrical termination of the transducer, completely characterize the behavior of the transducer and allow explicit calculation of such quantities as impedances, responses, etc., in terms of four parameters entering the fundamental equations.On the basis of this theory, a proof of the reciprocity theorem for electroacoustic transducers relating their speaker and microphone responses is presented embodying the conditions necessary for its validity. These conditions are essentially the existence of.
Sunspots and the physics of magnetic flux tubes. I - The general nature of the sunspot. II - Aerodynamic drag

The current state of the theory of sunspots is reviewed; it is concluded that a single flux tube does not have the properties exhibited by a sunspot. Based on the dynamical stability of a large flux tube, it is suggested that the field of a single sunspot divides into many separate tubes somewhere within the first 1000 km or so beneath the surface. It is suggested that the many separate tubes are held in a loose cluster by the buoyancy of the Wilson depression at the visible surface and probably also by a downdraft beneath the sunspot. We suggest that the tubes are cooled by the convective generation of Alfven waves, which are emitted preferentially downward. Hence the sunspot appears as a dynamical clustering of many separate flux tubes, pressed together to form a single flux tube at the visible surface, but otherwise distinct and separate within the interior of the Sun. The subsequent papers of this series develop the aerodynamical properties of flux tubes individually and collectively in a convecting fluid. The qualitative picture outlined in this paper is based on the results of those calculations.
Efficient Estimation of Data Combination Models by the Method of Auxiliary-to-Study Tilting (AST)

We propose a locally efficient estimator for a class of semiparametric data combination problems. A leading estimand in this class is the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT). Data combination problems are related to, but distinct from, the class of missing data problems with data missing at random (of which the average treatment effect (ATE) estimand is a special case). Our estimator also possesses a double robustness property. Our procedure may be used to efficiently estimate, among other objects, the ATT, the two-sample instrumental variables model (TSIV), counterfactual distributions, poverty maps, and semiparametric difference-in-differences. In an empirical application, we use our procedure to characterize residual Black–White wage inequality after flexibly controlling for “premarket” differences in measured cognitive achievement. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Stress - energy - momentum conservation law in gauge gravitation theory

Building on the first variational formula of the calculus of variations, one can derive the energy - momentum conservation law from the condition that the Lie derivatives of gravitation Lagrangians along vector fields of infinitesimal covariant transformations are equal to zero. The goal is to construct these vector fields. In gauge gravitation theory, a difficulty arises because of fermion fields. Covariant transformations fail to preserve the Dirac spin structure on a world manifold X, which is associated with a certain tetrad field h. We introduce the universal Dirac spin structure such that, given a tetrad field , the restriction of S to h(X) is isomorphic to . The canonical lift of vector fields on X onto S is constructed. We discover the corresponding stress - energy - momentum conservation law where the conserved energy - momentum flow is reduced to the generalized Komar superpotential.
Impact of maternal protein supplementation during mid or late gestation on skeletal muscle energy metabolism of beef calves

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of maternal protein supplementation during mid or late gestation on energy metabolism of the skeletal muscle of beef calves. Sixteen pregnant cows were divided into 3 groups: CTRL (not supplemented); MID (supplemented from 30 to 180 days of gestation); and LATE (supplemented from 181 to 281 days of gestation). The supplement contained 30% crude protein. Thirty days after birth, blood and muscle samples of the calves were collected for analyses of gene expression, proteins, and metabolites. No differences (P ≥ 0.15) in birth weight, performance at weaning, or muscle expression of the genes evaluated (P ≥ 0.21) were observed. Calves born to CTRL cows had a lower ratio (P = 0.03) of p-AMPK/AMPK protein in the skeletal muscle. Calves born to MID cows had lower (P = 0.04) glucose concentration than those born to LATE cows. Changes in p-AMPK/AMPK protein, indicated a possible metabolic inflexibility in the skeletal muscle of calves born to CTRL cows. These results indicated that lack of protein supplementation in pregnant cows alter the energy metabolism of their calves and reflect in a metabolic inflexibility.
Convergence-preserving functions

It is common for calculus texts to include as an exercise the question of whether the convergence of Yan (with an real) implies that Ea' also converges. If Ean is absolutely convergent then the comparison test applied to the tails of Ean and EaY2 will show that Ea 2 is convergent. But if we do not have absolute convergence it is easy to come up with a counter-example (e.g., an = (-1)"/ n). The situation is more interesting if we replace a 2 with f(an) and then ask: Does the convergence of Ean imply the convergence of Ef(an)? If f is X3 or arcsin x, or x/(l + Ixl), we have questions that will make most mathematicians pause. In this note we answer, negatively, the question as to whether there are any nontrivial real functions for which Ean converges only if Ef(an) converges.