Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of solutions to a nonlocal equation with doubly Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev critical exponents

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We consider the following nonlocal critical equation</p><p style='text-indent:20px;'><disp-formula> <label/> <tex-math id="FE145"> \begin{document}$\begin{equation} -\Delta u = (I_{\mu_1}\ast|u|^{2_{\mu_1}^\ast})|u|^{2_{\mu_1}^\ast-2}u +(I_{\mu_2}\ast|u|^{2_{\mu_2}^\ast})|u|^{2_{\mu_2}^\ast-2}u,\; x\in\mathbb{R}^N, \;\;\;\;\;\;\;(1) \end{equation}$ \end{document} </tex-math></disp-formula></p><p style='text-indent:20px;'>where <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ 0<\mu_1,\mu_2<N $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> if <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ N = 3 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> or <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ 4 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ N-4\leq\mu_1,\mu_2<N $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> if <inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">\begin{document}$ N\geq5 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math id="M6">\begin{document}$ 2_{\mu_{i}}^\ast: = \frac{N+\mu_i}{N-2}(i = 1,2) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> is the upper critical exponent with respect to the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality, and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M7">\begin{document}$ I_{\mu_i} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> is the Riesz potential</p><p style='text-indent:20px;'><disp-formula> <label/> <tex-math id="FE1"> \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} I_{\mu_i}(x) = \frac{\Gamma(\frac{N-\mu_i}{2})}{\Gamma(\frac{\mu_i}{2})\pi^{\frac{N}{2}}2^{\mu_i}|x|^{N-\mu_i}}, \; i = 1,2, \end{equation*} $\end{document} </tex-math></disp-formula></p><p style='text-indent:20px;'>with <inline-formula><tex-math id="M8">\begin{document}$ \Gamma(s) = \int_{0}^{\infty}x^{s-1}e^{-x}dx $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math id="M9">\begin{document}$ s>0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. Firstly, we prove the existence of the solutions of the equation (1). We also establish integrability and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M10">\begin{document}$ C^\infty $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-regularity of solutions and obtain the explicit forms of positive solutions via the method of moving spheres in integral forms. Finally, we show that the nondegeneracy of the linearized equation of (1) at <inline-formula><tex-math id="M11">\begin{document}$ U_0,V_0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> when <inline-formula><tex-math id="M12">\begin{document}$ \max\{\mu_1,\mu_2\}\rightarrow0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M13">\begin{document}$ \min\{\mu_1,\mu_2\}\rightarrow N $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. </p>
The Past and (Post-COVID) Future of Dual Citizenship

Dual citizenship was once the bane of states and individuals. Today, a clear majority of states accept the status and it has become commonplace. The shift reflects changes in the nature not only of national identity but also of the individual’s relationship to the state and to the world. States have almost no remaining incentive to police dual citizenship at the same time that individuals often have incentives, sometimes substantial ones, to secure it. This chapter first recounts how dual citizenship came to be normalised. It then considers how the COVID pandemic might impact on dual-citizenship opportunity structures. Although COVID may diminish the instrumental value of dual citizenship for purposes of third-country mobility privileges, it highlights the core benefit of admission rights into the country of additional nationality. Dual citizenship now becomes a kind of global health insurance as well as a way to protect mobility rights, even for those already holding premium passports. For transnational elites, these newly surfaced advantages will magnify incentives to secure investment citizenship. Others will be motivated to avail themselves of ancestral and other forms of strategic citizenship. States, meanwhile, are unlikely to see serious new costs to pre-COVID citizenship practices. Demand for dual citizenship is thus likely to rise while remaining broadly available.
'School’s Out, But Class’ On', The Largest Online Education in the World Today: Taking China’s Practical Exploration During The COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control As an Example

Online education is a hot topic that is widely concerned in various countries today. In the era of mobile internet, countries around the world have made various effective attempts at online education, but online education is more of a supplement to school education, and large-scale normal online education lacks cases. The “School’s Out, But Class’s On” campaign launched by the Chinese government during the COVID-19 epidemic created a large-scale, normal online education application. We analyzed the background of this large-scale online education, clarify the foundation of large-scale online education, and reveal the impact of the largest online education activities on society and education.
Reduced physiological performance in a free-living coralline alga induced by salmon faeces deposition

Maerl beds are formed by the accumulation of free-living coralline algae and have considerable ecological significance due to the high diversity of associated fauna and flora. The rapid expansion of the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar aquaculture industry in Norway may have major impacts on surrounding maerl beds through the release of effluents, including fish faeces. This study is the first to test the effects of salmon faeces and inorganic sediment deposition on the photosynthesis, respiration, calcification and pigment content of the coralline alga Lithothamnion soriferum. In a 6 wk laboratory experiment, inorganic sediment and salmon faeces deposition significantly reduced the amount of light reaching the surface of coral line algae. No impact of inorganic sediment deposition was detected on L. soriferum physiology, while salmon faeces deposition increased respiration rate and reduced net primary production and calcification. The accumulation of salmon faeces stimulates proliferation of bacteria, with adverse consequences on L. soriferum physiology due to the potential release of toxic compounds. Burial by salmon faeces deposition also affects the physiology of coralline algae due to the flocculation of sticky faeces particles, which may limit nutrient and gas exchanges in the vicinity of thalli. Carbon dioxide accumulation in the vicinity of L. soriferum may lead to a decline in pH and alter the calcification process in cell walls. In natural maerl beds, the negative effect of faeces deposition may be exacerbated by longer-term exposure and the presence of other chemicals released by fish farms.
Initial Teacher Education of Primary English and CLIL Teachers: An Analysis of the Training Curricula in the Universities of the Madrid Autonomous Community (Spain)

The Madrid Autonomous Community (Spain) offers a significant case of extensive bilingual (English) education provision in primary and secondary school, with over 50% of students following a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) programme. However, there are doubts about the ability of the current pre-service teacher education provision to meet the demands of the rapid growth of bilingual education in the region. This study analyses the initial teacher education (ITE) of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and CLIL teachers in the Madrid community, by providing a systematic comparison of the 14 Primary Education teacher training degrees offered and, specifically, their EFL specialist itineraries. In particular, it assesses the balance between the development of linguistic and pedagogical competences, the linguistic requirements to enter the EFL track, and the inclusion of dedicated CLIL modules as part of the training curriculum. Results show that there is a great heterogeneity in the design of such programmes, especially regarding the value given to a language improvement component. Furthermore, it was found that the training in CLIL is insufficient, both in the core programmes and in the EFL itinerary. Beyond the Spanish context, the questions raised in this study can offer insight into the effective design of initial teacher education programmes for educational systems that have committed to mainstream bilingual education as a tool for enhancing foreign language competence.
Regulation of Translation by Essential Amino Acids and Glucose in Mammary Glands and Skeletal Muscle of Lactating Dairy Cows

REGULATION OF TRANSLATION BY ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS AND GLUCOSE IN MAMMARY GLANDS AND SKELETAL MUSCLE OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS Kelly Nichols Advisor: University of Guelph, 2015 Professor John P. Cant The effect of glucose on protein synthesis in mammary and muscle when supplied with 884 g/d or 1126 g/d of essential amino acid (EAA) was tested on 5 early lactation Holstein cows fed a 12% CP diet and abomasally infused for 5 d in a Latin square design. EAA infusion increased mammary uptake of EAA from plasma and led to higher milk protein yield. Addition of glucose decreased arterial Ile, Leu, and Val, and did not affect mammary uptake or milk protein yield. Mammary mRNA translation was activated by EAA infusion, and was depressed when glucose was added to EAA infusates. In skeletal muscle, mRNA translation was activated by EAA infusion, and stimulated further by the addition of glucose. Data presented in this thesis support amino acid partitioning towards skeletal muscle when glucose is infused into cows, stimulating protein synthesis in muscle rather than in the mammary glands.
Product Yield and Characteristics of Char

Biomass can generate various solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels through thermo and biochemical conversions. Char is one of the solid substances produced by pyrolysis—a thermo-chemical conversion technique. In this study, energy crops, such as Casuarina equisetifolia, Acacia horrida, Melia dubia, Simarouba glauca, and crop residues, namely, Areca catechu husk and Jatropha curcas husk, were used for the char production. The char yield of 29–33% was obtained at the carbonization temperature of 400°C. The volatile matter and fixed carbon content of the char varies from 21.57 to 32.10% and 56.71 to 77.93%, respectively. The A. horrida species had the highest calorific value of 7,079 kCal/kg. The tested physical and fuel properties of the char was within the limit prescribed by FAO.
Estimates of genetic parameters for juvenile traits in macaw palm

Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex. Mart. (Arecaceae) is a neotropical oil palm of widespread occurrence in the American continent and with great economic potential for the energy and food sectors. Genetic breeding studies for the species are very recent, with a need for basic knowledge from the genetic diversity in agronomic traits. Thus, the aim of this work was to estimate genetic variance, heritability, and genetic gain as well as to propose strategies of selection. Two-year evaluations of eight agromorphological characteristics were carried out in two experimental fields composed of 50 open-pollinated progenies. The results revealed moderate heritability for progeny average to thorn density in the abaxial side (h"#$ % = 0.402 in Pindorama) and relative chlorophyll index (h"#$ % = 0.458 in Presidente Prudente). The selective accuracy was 0.634 and 0.677 for the same traits, respectively. In the combined analysis, the higher values of heritability were obtained to thorn density on the abaxial region of leaves and relative chlorophyll index (0.616 and 0.666, respectively). Moderate to high magnitude values of genetic gain was reached for traits with greatest agronomic interest, as plant height Gs (%) = 19.64, number of leaves Gs (%) = 26.43, stipe diameter at breast height Gs (%) = 12.51, and relative chlorophyll index Gs (%) = 38.12. In conclusion, the results indicate considerable genetic variability for the evaluated traits and suggest that their most effective use for the purpose of genetic gains would be based on the combined selection between and within progenies.
Changing the type of knowledge of results affects the learning of a line-drawing task

Purpose. Augmented feedback is information that is inherently unavailable to a learner and must be provided by an outside source such as an expert or technical display. Such feedback may be divided into knowledge of performance, relating to movement quality, and knowledge of results (Kr), relating to a movement outcome. Kr has been examined with respect to variables such as timing, medium, and precision. In previous research involving a line-drawing task, individuals presented with higher levels of Kr precision outperformed those presented with distracting feedback (nonsense syllables) or none. the present study sought to extend these findings by comparing the effects of Kr types on learning a line-drawing task. Methods. On day 1, participants ( n = 48) practised in 4 groups, receiving unique extrinsic feedback: control (no feedback), vague, precise, and visual feedback group. On day 2, learning was assessed via retention and transfer testing. Results. For acquisition, a repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a main effect for block in absolute constant error and variable error ( p < 0.01), indicating improved accuracy and consistency with practice. During testing, results showed a main effect such that accuracy and consistency during retention were better than transfer ( p < 0.01). Follow-up pairwise comparisons indicated significantly better performance for the visual feedback group when compared with the control group ( p = 0.021). Conclusions. these results suggest that learning a simple task such as line-drawing may improve through verbal or visual feedback and that the latter medium may be an effective alternative to feedback that is presented verbally.
Comparison of Adult Refractive Disorder Measurements Using HandyRef-K, Retinomax, Plusoptix, and Table-top Autorefractometer Devices

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare refractive error measurements recorded using the Nidek HandyRef-K handheld autorefractometer (HDY; Nidek Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), Plusoptix A09 photorefractor (PO; Plusoptix GmbH, Nuremberg, Germany), Retinomax K-plus 3 (RTX; Right Mfg. Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), and a table-mounted autorefractometer/keratometer (TTR; URK 800, Unicos Co. Ltd., Daejeon, Republic of Korea). Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years underwent measurement of refraction without cycloplegia using 4 devices and the spherical power (SP), cylindrical power (CP), and spherical equivalent (SE) values were analyzed and compared. Results: A total of 181 eyes of 181 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 33.08±0.95 years (range: 18-79 years). There was a significantly significant difference in the SP, CP, and SE values determined by the devices (p<0.001). The SP and SE values of the RTX and the HDY were similar, while the other device results were different (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p=0.004). The CP values of the PO and the TTR, the HDY and the TTR were also comparable. Conclusion: The HDY, RTX, and the PO are suitable for screening in clinical practice, but the findings strongly suggest that they should be used with caution.
Collaborative Edge Computing for Social Internet of Vehicles to Alleviate Traffic Congestion

Edge computing in vehicles is emerging as an essential candidate for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) to improve traffic efficiency. The proliferation of IoV pushes the horizon of edge computing. The social features and connections among vehicles are significant for traffic efficiency solutions. However, it is quite challenging to perform collaborative edge computing (CEC) for social IoV systems because of network heterogeneity, vehicle mobility, user selfishness, privacy, and so on. This article focuses on the CEC, in the social IoV system to alleviate urban traffic congestion. Recent research reveals that intelligent traffic lights control through city-wide mobile edge computing (MEC) servers can reduce vehicles’ average waiting time at signal intersections. This article has focused on a CEC-based traffic management system (CEC-TMS) to reduce the average waiting time. It utilizes multiagent-based deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for the MEC servers that interact with IoV and traffic lights to generate dynamic green waves at congested intersections. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system under the paradigm of multiagent DRL.
Shadows of the Past: The Effects of Movements' Past Strategy on Third-Parties' Support for its Current Strategy

Social movements benefit from third-party support in waging social change. The budding literature on the effects of social movements' strategy (violent vs. nonviolent) on third-parties' willingness to support and join the social movement has mainly regarded social movements' strategy as something fixed and unrelated to its past strategy. Using varied contexts, I investigated how social movements' past strategy may affect, if any, third parties' moral perception of the current strategy of social movements and how this perception translates into third parties' (un)willingness to support and join social movements. In the context of the conflict between hate groups and counter-protestors in a lesser-known country, Bhutan (Studies 1 & 4), and an ally country (Study 2) American participants were more willing to support and join a violent movement that was previously nonviolent as opposed to a historically violent movement. Perceived moral continuity of movements' strategy (Studies 1-5) and perceiving violent strategies as the last resort (Studies 2-4) mediated the relationship between change in movements' strategy and third parties' willingness to support and join the movement. However, using a conflictual context in which a movement, Liberation of Tamil Ealam, sought to gain independence from a government, Sri Lankan government (Study 3), and a domestic anti-Fascist movement in the United States, Antifa, that aims to combat hate groups led to partial replication of findings of Studies 1-2 & 4. While there was no significant difference between conditions (shifting from nonviolence to violence vs. continuing violence) in third parties' willingness to support and join the movement, perceived moral continuity of movements' strategy (Studies 3 & 5) and perceiving violence as the last resort (Study 3) mediated the relationship between conditions and third parties' willingness to support and join the movement. Theoretical and practical implications for social movements are discussed. Specifically, social movements that have exhausted nonviolent avenues to achieve their goals are likely to find support among third-parties for a shift toward violent strategies—support that may ultimately lead to either desired social change or conflict escalation.
Sociology of nutrition: theory and practice

The subject of the article is the theory and practice of sociology food supply in Russia. The purpose of the study is defined as the analysis of the main trends and problems of theory and practice of modern nutrition sociology in Russia. The material of the study was the works of domestic and foreign authors in the field of areas of nutrition sociology, as well as the authors ’ sociological research on food culture. Based on the analysis of the main approaches to nutrition research Abroad, the authors highlight the main trends in the development of modern nutrition sociology. The authors ’ sociological research on food culture allowed us to identify the main problems in this area, analyze changes in culture nutrition events that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic. Results of the study we have shown the importance of sociological studies of food culture for a comprehensive solutions to the problem of ensuring food security in the context of economic growth the decline caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Such research is necessary for the development and implementation of comprehensive programs to improve the efficiency of agri-food systems, support for farms and small businesses in rural areas, social and economic support for vulnerable segments of the population.
The effectiveness of listening to the Holy Quran to improve mental disorders and psychological well-being: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Listening to the Quran is one of spiritual therapies that have been used for treating mental disorders. Many studies have been conducted to assess the effect of listening to the Quran on mental health and psychological wellbeing. Several reviews were conducted to summarise results of such evidence. However, they either focused on studies published in a certain country (Iran), focused on certain setting (intensive care unit), or were written by Persian language. Moreover, none of them synthesised results of studies statistically.Objective: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of listening to the Quran to improve mental disorders and psychological well-being by summarizing and pooling the findings of previous literature.Methods: A systematic review was conducted to accomplish this objective. The search sources included 6 bibliographic databases (e.g., MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINHAL), the search engine “Google Scholar”, and backward and forward reference list checking of the included studies and relevant reviews. Two reviewers independently carried out the study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and quality of evidence evaluation. Results of the included studies were synthesized narratively and statistically, as appropriate.Results: Of 1724 citations retrieved, 11 studies met the eligibility criteria. Of these studies, 7 were included in meta-analysis. The evidence showed that listening to the Quran is significantly effective in improving state anxiety, trait anxiety, general anxiety, depression, stress and mental health. However, the evidence quality ranged from very low to low due to the high risk of bias, heterogeneity, and impression.Conclusion: Listening to the Quran has the potential to improve mental disorders and psychological well-being. Until high-quality studies approve its effect, health professionals and individuals should consider listening to the Quran as a complementary therapy to already available interventions. Researchers should conduct further studies to compare the effectiveness of reciting and listening to the Quran and Al-Ruqya Al-Shariya with active interventions on mental disorders and psychological well-being among Muslims and non-Muslims from different countries.