Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Runoff and sediment yield from forested catchments under varying management intensities: Insights from a subtropical region of Brazil

Streams have tolerance limits to certain environmental conditions, high levels of sediment can influence water quality and, consequently, aquatic life and human health. Considerable research in temperate forest ecosystems has elucidated the dynamics of suspended sediment export and the role of forest management on changing sediment yields, but fewer studies for subtropical regions exist. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of forest management on suspended sediment export under varying forest cover and management conditions in subtropical Brazil. Three catchments, with different management systems, were evaluated: eucalyptus forest plantation with even‐age stands management (EUC), native forest (NAT), and mosaic of forests plantation with different species and ages (MOS), located in southeastern Brazil. Streamflow, precipitation and turbidity data were collected by pressure transducers, automatic rain gauge and YSI 6136 turbidity sensors, respectively, during the period from November 2016 to October 2017. The suspended sediment yield was estimated through a relationship between turbidity and suspended sediment concentration. The results showed that sediment export ranged from 0.032 Mg ha−1 yr−1 to 0.411 Mg ha−1 yr−1. The catchments studied presented a low sediment export rate, compared to other studies conducted in forested settings worldwide. Our results provide insights into the high‐frequency sediment production dynamics of Brazilian forested catchments and demonstrate that, regardless of the forest management system applied in the area, native or exotic planted forests are capable of protecting the soil and minimizing the effects of sediments export.
T2 mapping on magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose lateral patellar compression syndrome: a report of two cases

INTRODUCTION Knee pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint, particularly in young and active patients. One cause of anterior knee pain can be attributed to lateral patellar compression syndrome (LPCS) and overload of the subchondral bone. This disorder can be associated with a tight lateral retinaculum resulting in lateral tilting and poor tracking of the patella, with overload and increased pressure on the lateral facet. As the knee is flexed, increased posterolateral compressive forces are exerted on the lateral aspect of the patella, which is consistent with the clinical observation that most patients with anterior knee pain tolerate prolonged knee flexion poorly. If proper treatment is not provided in sufficient time, LPCS can lead to early patellofemoral arthritis and progress to osteoarthritis. Although LPCS is diagnosed clinically, understanding different diagnosing modalities can be advantageous. MRI is an important noninvasive diagnostic modality for the evaluation of cartilage lesions in the knee. T2 mapping is one MRI technique that is sensitive for identifying sites of early deterioration of the integrity and orientation of the collagen matrix. Detecting early cartilage injury can help with surgical decision-making for preservation of the patellofemoral joint. Despite its utility as a diagnostic tool, surgical confirmation of patellofemoral cartilage lesions seen on T2 mapping is limited. The purpose of this case report was to describe the use of T2 mapping of the patellofemoral joint in the assessment of LPCS. We hypothesized that T2 mapping sequences lead to better detection of cartilage pathology in the patellofemoral joint compared to routine MRI sequences. This study was exempt from our institutional review board, and informed consent was not required for subject inclusion. CASE REPORT
Effects of Experimenter- and Participant-delivered Instructions on Human Schedule Performance

The experiment examined effects of instructions on human schedule performance when providers of the instructions were persons other than the experimenter. Pressing a key by one member of each pair of eight undergraduates produced points on a multiple fixed-interval (FI) FI schedule.Another member of the pair was exposed to a multiple fixed-ratio (FR) differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule. After every session, verbal descriptions of how to increase points written by another member of the pair were presented.The final response rates under the multiple FI FI schedule were indistinguishable between the two components in each of four participants although they each received verbal descriptions indicating that the way to increase points with the key was to respond rapidly in one component and to respond slowly in another. Such weak effects of instructions given from persons other than the experimenter were contrasted with stronger effects of instructions given by the experimenter, that is, the final response rates were higher with the instruction to respond rapidly than with the instruction to respond slowly for three of the four participants.This differential effect across the instruction providers was not found in each of four participants who were exposed to the multiple FR DRL schedule.
Studies of Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and related traits in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The present investigation was carried out using forty French bean genotypes during January-may of 2016 to measure the extent of variability for further use in breeding programmes. Highly significant differences among the genotypes were observed for all traits under study. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than that of genotypic coefficient of variation. The characters like number of pods per plant followed by green pod yield per plant (q) and green pod yield per plant (gm) showed high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation with high heritability coupled with genetic advance. A positive and significant correlation of pod yield per plant (q/ha) with number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant, green pod yield per plant (gm) and plant height was observed. Path analysis exposed that green pod yield per plant (gm) followed by number of clusters per plant, seed length and pod width have highest positive direct effect on green pod yield per plant (q). Therefore, it might be concluded that number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant and green pod yield per plant (gm) should be given due consideration for the improvement of pod yield per plant in French bean.
Inducible defense destabilizes predator-prey dynamics: the importance of multiple predators

Phenotypic plasticity in prey can have a dramatic impact on predator–prey dynamics, e.g. by inducible defense against temporally varying levels of predation. Previous work has overwhelmingly shown that this effect is stabilizing: inducible defenses dampen the amplitudes of population oscillations or eliminate them altogether. However, such studies have neglected scenarios where being protected against one predator increases vulnerability to another (incompatible defense). Here we develop a model for such a scenario, using two distinct prey phenotypes and two predator species. Each prey phenotype is defended against one of the predators, and vulnerable to the other. In strong contrast with previous studies on the dynamic effects of plasticity involving a single predator, we find that increasing the level of plasticity consistently destabilizes the system, as measured by the amplitude of oscillations and the coefficients of variation of both total prey and total predator biomasses. We explain this unexpected and seemingly counterintuitive result by showing that plasticity causes synchronization between the two prey phenotypes (and, through this, between the predators), thus increasing the temporal variability in biomass dynamics. These results challenge the common view that plasticity should always have a stabilizing effect on biomass dynamics: adding a single predator–prey interaction to an established model structure gives rise to a system where different mechanisms may be at play, leading to dramatically different outcomes.
Transplanting Following Non-Native Plant Control in Rocky Mountain Foothills Fescue Grassland Restoration

Disturbed areas within national parks, resulting from historic and current land use activities, can harbor large and diverse populations of non-native plant species. These species must be controlled to prevent their spread and to restore native grassland. Research on alternative revegetation methods is urgently needed since seed based grassland restoration is often unsuccessful. The effectiveness of transplanting to restore foothills fescue grassland following implementation of non-native plant management was investigated at three disturbed sites in Waterton Lakes National Park, Alberta, Canada. Non-native plant abundance was reduced by cutting, glyphosate application, and steaming. Greenhouse grown seedlings of native fescue grassland species (13 forbs, five grasses, two shrubs) were outplanted into plots following management treatments, as three different sizes of container stock. The effects of prior non-native plant management and container size on transplant survival and growth were assessed over two growing seasons. Rhizomatous forbs and bunchgrasses with well-developed root systems had highest survival (> 50% over 14 months). Transplants with 10- to 15-cm rooting depth in cones and root trainers had significantly higher within-year survival than tray transplants with a shallow rooting depth. Transplant survival was improved by glyphosate application to control non-native plants prior to planting. Transplanting was effective for increasing native cover and species richness although high winter mortality reduced this effect. Key species for fescue grassland function were introduced at all sites and persisted for two growing seasons.
Urban Vegetation Slows Down the Spread of Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) in the United States

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is spreading around the world, and the United States has become the epicenter of the global pandemic. However, little is known about the causes behind the large spatial variability of the COVID‐19 incidence. Here we use path analysis model to quantify the influence of four potential factors (urban vegetation, population density, air temperature, and baseline infection) in shaping the highly heterogeneous transmission patterns of COVID‐19 across the United States. Our results show that urban vegetation can slow down the spread of COVID‐19, and each 1% increase in the percentage of urban vegetation will lead to a 2.6% decrease in cumulative COVID‐19 cases. Additionally, the mediating role of urban vegetation suggests that urban vegetation could reduce increases in cumulative COVID‐19 cases induced by population density and baseline infection. Our findings highlight the importance of urban vegetation in strengthening urban resilience to public health emergencies.
Is It All about the Mission? Comparing Non-technical Skills across Offshore Transport and Search and Rescue Helicopter Pilots

ABSTRACT Objective The research objective of the current study was to examine and compare the non-technical skills utilized by search and rescue and offshore transport helicopter pilots. Background Non-technical skills encompass the interpersonal and cognitive skills necessary for safe and efficient team performance in high-risk environments. There is a lack of research investigating non-technical skill use during helicopter flight or assessing differences in skills according to mission parameters. Method The current study comprised 28 semi-structured qualitative interviews based upon the critical incident technique (16 offshore transport pilots, 12 search and rescue pilots). Interviews were thematically coded to identify, and compare, non-technical skills. Results All key non-technical skills were reported across both pilot groups. Differences were identified at the element level of skills across the groups (e.g., while both groups reported utilizing situational awareness, elemental sub-components were based upon different attentional factors). A category for cognitive readiness was identified specific to search and rescue—this category encapsulated the elements necessary for a swift, effective response to emergencies. Conclusion The results indicate helicopter pilots’ non-technical skills vary according to mission parameters, suggesting specific flight goals require different nuances of non-technical skills for mission achievement. We suggest that non-technical skills training should be tailored to the mission focus of helicopter pilots in order to further error mitigation strategies, enrich training relevance, and enhance effectiveness.
Experimental Investigation of a Transonic Compressor with Variable Stator Vanes in Tandem Arrangement

This paper investigates the effects of a 1.5-stage transonic axial compressor with a variable tandem stator arrangement. The experiments were carried out at the transonic research compressor rig at Technical University of Darmstadt. The test rig represents a front stage highpressure compressor of jet engines. Using extensive instrumentation, the global performance is analyzed. A new designed compressor stage has been commissioned, including a BLISK rotor and tandem stator vanes with variable stagger angles. In comparison with a reference stage using a conventional stator design, the new stator design enables a higher aerodynamic stator vane loading. Therefore an optimized stage loading is pursued, leading to an increased work coefficient whilst retaining the operating range of the stage. The experimental study reveals several effects of the optimized compressor stage, considering both, performance and corresponding aerodynamics. The operating range with varying VIGV-VSV schedules differs to the reference case. At nominal tandem stator vane closure, stage pressure rise is increased for the whole operating range. Comparing the stage exit aerodynamics of the tandem and reference stator at design speed, distinct differences appear. In conclusion, the conducted experimental investigations prove potential capabilities of transonic compressors, enabling optimized stage loading. INTRODUCTION The steadily rising air traffic is in conflict with environmental issues. Thus, politically defined goals to reduce emissions, especially carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides, are becoming increasingly important. To achieve these goals, an enhancement of aero engine’s efficiency is essential. As one of its main components, the compressor with its high power consumption strongly contributes to improve thermal efficiency of aero engines. This in turn is obtained by either improving the efficiency or the overall pressure ratio by means of a higher number of compressor stages or increased individual stage loading. For a given overall pressure ratio of a conventional loaded compressor a weight reduction can be realized by reduced blade or vane count, which results in increased blade and vane loading respectively. Therefore an optimized stage loading is a key enabler for modern compressors. The demand for highly loaded compressor stages leads to a vulnerability to flow separation. One possibility to reach the desired loading is the use of stator vanes in tandem arrangement. Thus, it is possible to enable high aerodynamic loading without flow separation. On the other hand, this allows a higher loading of the corresponding rotor, hence an optimized stage loading. Compressor vanes in tandem arrangement have been research subject for decades. Ohashi (1959) investigated the relative positioning of tandem vanes to each other experimentally and theoretically. By using a cascade test
FOSTERING FINANCIAL INCLUSION: THE DETERMINANTS OF THE USERS BEHAVIOUR OF THE SMART ACT BRANCHLESS BANKING SERVICE

The presence of Smart Act Branchless Banking Service (SABBS) in Indonesia is expected to be able to encourage people to have bank accounts and obtain banking services so that it can increase financial inclusion. The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of the SABBS users’ behaviour based on Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour (TIB) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Based on the integration of the two theories, 9 hypotheses can be formulated to be empirically tested. Based on the integration of the two theories, 9 hypotheses can be formulated. A sample of 200 respondents were obtained through a survey on the SABBS users and the data was analysed using Smart-PLS. The results show that: (1) perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness influence attitude towards SABBS; (2) attitude, social and affective factors have an influence on intention to use SABBS; (3) intention and habits influence the SABBS users’ behaviour. This study suggests that financial service authorities and the banking sector to increase financial inclusion must continue to foster public intentions to be willing to use SABBS. This can be done among others through structured and massive socialization about usefulness, easiness and security when using SABBS. This study also contributes, to reduce the research gap on the determinants of financial inclusion based on a behavioural approach.
Biosurfactant Production by Fusarium oxysporum LM 5634 Using Peels from the fruit of Bactris gasipaes (Kunth) as Substrate

Aim: The aim of this work was to find new fungal sources of biosurfactants via bioprospecting and to produce biosurfactants from fungal isolates using inexpensive culture media. Methodology: Bioprocess tests were conducted with five fungal species isolated from soil from the Amazon region in order to investigate which of them presented the highest productivity in a kinetics experiment. The possibility of using the peels from the fruit of Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer (PFAC), Bactris gasipaes Kunth (PFBG), Theobroma grandiflorum Schumann (PFTG), Musa Original Research Article Sanches et al.; BJI, 21(1): 1-9, 2018; Article no.BJI. 39405 2 paradisiaca (PFMP) as substrates was also evaluated. Results: Fusarium oxysporum LM 5634 had the highest productivity, and PFBG was the best substrate for biosurfactant production. Conclusion: Thus, the present study showed the potential of fungi and wastes (fruit peels) from the Amazon region for biosurfactant production.
Imagery makes social media captivating! Aesthetic value in a consumer-as-value-maximizer framework

Purpose Social media bring about the imagery of people, places and products. Showing particular success in attracting women and millennials, these media (e.g. Instagram, Snapchat and Pinterest) are built around imagery consumption. This paper follows a qualitative theory building approach to extend the theory of consumption values and develop a framework based on the values social media deliver to consumers that explain their use outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The framework was analytically developed based on a review of the literature. In contrast to frameworks such as stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R), the framework proposes that people consume social media to maximize relevant values, namely, the aesthetic, social and learning value. Then, a study based on semi-structured interviews is performed to elaborate on the values and their undertakings. Findings The paper defines the consumption’s aesthetic value and underscores it as a focal driver of social media use and a key concept in social commerce. Data analysis suggests that aesthetic value engenders such responses as consumer’s inspiration, infinity sensation and habitual entertainment. Additional drivers of social media users are social and learning values. The social value engenders self-expression and social privacy, whereas the learning value engenders resourcefulness and parallel shopping. Originality/value This paper stipulates that people consume (i.e. use) social media to maximize relevant values, which, in turn, result in two groups of responses (inner and outer responses). The framework indicates that the relevant values mediate the relation between a stimulus (e.g. social media use) and response (e.g. entertainment, inspiration and behavioral intent). It highlights the centrality of aesthetic value in digital marketing and social commerce environments. The framework, thus, contrary to S-O-R, views the consumer as a maximizer of values rather than (a) processor of emotional and cognitive rejoinders.
GENOME WIDE MAPPING OF FRUIT QUALITY TRAITS IN APPLE

GENOME WIDE MAPPING OF FRUIT QUALITY TRAITS IN APPLE Beatrice Amyotte Advisor: University of Guelph, 2017 Professor I. Rajcan This thesis is an investigation of the genetics of fruit quality in cultivated apple (Malus x domestica). M. x domestica is grown around the world as one of the most popular temperate fruit crop species. Fruit quality is an important trait in apples, and understanding the genetic architecture can accelerate breeding efforts. In recent years, several important quantitative trait loci have been discovered, including genetic regions controlling components of fruit texture, taste and flavour. The objective of this thesis was to identify genetic sources of variation in fruit quality traits with the potential for application in marker assisted apple breeding. This research was necessary to evaluate how previous findings corresponded with variation in genetically distinct apple germplasm, and to determine whether both previously and newly discovered fruit quality loci could be applied to improve the human perception of apple quality. The genetic relationships among 100 diverse apple cultivars were investigated using genotyping by sequencing, and revealed a high level of diversity. Signatures of selection were detected at genomic regions previously found to be associated with fruit quality and adaptation. A genome wide association study of 85 heritage and commercial cultivars detected significant associations with known quantitative trait loci for apple flavour and texture. A novel association for apple texture was detected on chromosome 13. The novel locus could not be validated in two large and diverse apple populations, but remains a strong candidate for use in apple breeding due to its association with the human perception of apple juiciness. The results of this thesis demonstrate the potential for applying marker assisted selection in apple breeding, and for including trained sensory evaluation panels in association studies.
How Far Can Tourism Go? Residents' Attitudes toward Tourism Development in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

In the last 10 years, tourism has been rapidly growing in Yogyakarta. Studies show that tourism development in Yogyakarta has led to irritated feelings among local residents. This study aims to measure residents' attitudes toward tourism development in Yogyakarta by using validated measurement properties with a scale that measures residents' attitudes toward sustainable tourism development (SUS-TAS). The instrument was distributed to 1,687 local residents living in three main tourist destinations in Yogyakarta. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to measure the validity and internal reliability of each variable. Descriptive quantitative analysis was also conducted to investigate the level of agreement among residents to each variable. Findings support the seven dimensions in the SUS-TAS scale. Perceived social cost and community participation are the variables with the lowest level of agreement among the variables. Results also confirm underlying tourism development problems in Yogyakarta.