Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated disease management for root rot and gummosis in Nagpur mandarin

Studies were conducted to compare five different modules consisting fungicides, bio-agents, organic amendments with respect to management of gummosis and root rot in Nagpur mandarin caused by Phytophthora spp. An experiment was conducted selecting root rot and gummosis affected orchard during 2008-09 and 2009-2010. There was consistent reduction in population density from 24.33 cfu/cc soil in May 2008 to 6.20 cfu/cc soil in May 2010 of Phytophthora spp. in Module IV. Significant decrease in intensity of root rot and gummosis in Nagpur mandarin was recorded where intergrated management module (Module IV) was applied. Root rot intensity was reduced in this module from 36.18 % initially to 16.70 % at the end of the experiment. Similarly, significant reduction in gummosis up to 54.76 per cent was recorded in the same module.
Effect of short-term infusion of hydrogen on enteric gas production and rumen environment in dairy cows

Methane (CH4) production by rumen methanogens lowers hydrogen (H2) pressure and, in theory, prevents inhibition of fermentation processes by H2 accumulation. The present study aimed at examining effects of short-term H2 infusion on CH4 production and the volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile. Four lactating Holstein dairy cows fitted with rumen cannula were each infused once with pure H2 into the rumen at a rate of 48.0 L/h during 5.75 h in between the morning and afternoon feeding. Gas exchange and feed intake were measured continuously by open-circuit respiration chambers during 5 days. Rumen liquid was sampled twice a day in connection with milking and feeding (0630 hours and 1700 hours) and analysed for VFA. Gas exchange and dry matter intake (DMI) were analysed for 5-h steady-state H2 concentrations (TI5) measured in respiration chambers and for 24-h time intervals (TI24) on the day before, during and after infusion. Hydrogen infusion did not affect the total VFA concentration and VFA molar proportions for either time interval. Methane production was higher for TI5 during infusion (130 L/5 h) than it was the day before infusion (120 L/5 h), but not the day after infusion (122 L/5 h). Methane production for TI24 and DMI for TI5 and TI24 were unaffected. Oxygen consumption and CH4 : CO2 were highest during infusion for TI5, but not for TI24. After correcting for H2 naturally produced, on average, 46.7 L H2/h was measured during TI5, indicating that 2.7% of the infused H2 was retained in the rumen. In conclusion, H2 infusion did not affect the VFA profile, but slightly increased CH4 production and CH4 : CO2.
ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF TESTICULAR MEASUREMENTS IN RELATION WITH SEMEN QUALITY OF FRIESIAN BULLS TREATED WITH L-TYROSINE

The objective of the present study was to evaluate treated with oral single dose of L-tyrosine (50 g/bull), on semen quality in relation with ultrasonograms pixel intensity and conventional measurements of the testes of Friesian bulls. Twenty Friesian bulls averaging 8.0±0.24 month of age and 195±15.6 kg body weight were used in this study. The experimental bulls were divided into two similar groups (10 each). Bulls in the 1 st group were fed a basal diet and considered as a control group (G1), while those in 2 nd group were received an oral dose from L-tyrosine (50 g/bull) at 8.5 months of age. Throughout the experimental period, the percentages of progressive motility, livability and abnormalities of spermatozoa as well as sperm cell concentration were evaluated. At 15 and 20 months of age, testicular breadth, thickness of scrotal layers and seminal cord, the testicular mediastinum thickness and pixel intensity value were recorded using ultrasound scanner. Results showed that testicular breadth, thickness of scrotal layers and testicular cord of the bulls were not affected significantly by tyrosine treatment. However, testicular breadth of the bulls at 20 month was higher than at 15 month of age. Bulls treated with L-tyrosine with the different age did not affect the thickness of testicular mediastinum. However, values of testicular pixel intensity was higher (P<0.01) in treated than in control bulls and at 20 than 15 month of age. Percentages of progressive motility, livability of spermatozoa, and sperm cell concentration of the bulls treated with L-tyrosine were significantly (P<0.01) increased and decreased (P<0.01) sperm abnormalities (10.97 vs. 30.35%) as compared to the control. At 20 month of age, sperm motility and livability as well as sperm cell concentration increased (P<0.01) by about 33.25, 22.52 and 8.33% and sperm abnormalities decreased (P<0.01) by 49.4% as compared to those at 15 month of age. The correlation coefficients between testicular pixel intensity and each of semen characteristics studied were highly significant (P<0.001), being positively the strongest with sperm livability (r= 0.7978), sperm cell concentration (r= 0.7243) and negatively with sperm abnormalities (r= -0.7978),. However, positively lower correlation was recorded between pixel intensity and sperm motility (r= 0.5493).
Detecção de resistência às fluoroquinolonas em Campylobacter isolados de frangos de criação orgânica

Studies have shown that resistance to quinolones in Campylobacter strains is related with Threonine-86-Isoleucine mutation. In order to investigate the presence of this mutation in sensitive and resistant Campylobacter strains to ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, the cecal contents of 80 broilers from organic raising chickens, slaughtered under State Inspection Service (S.I.S) of the State of Rio de Janeiro, were collected and tested for the presence of Campylobacter. The determination of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin susceptibility was done by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods for determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The detection of mutation in Quinolone Resistance Determinant Region (QRDR) in gyrA gene was done by sequencing. Campylobacter was isolated from 100% of the samples, being 68.75% C. jejuni and 31.25% C. coli. By the disk diffusion method, resistance to ciprofloxacin was observed in all isolates and 56.25% of the strains were resistant to enrofloxacin. By agar dilution method, all strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin (MIC ≥ 16μg/mL to ≥ 64μg/mL) and full and intermediate resistance to enrofloxacin was detected in 42.50% (MIC ≥ 4-32μg/mL) and 38.75% (MIC =2μg/mL) of the strains, respectively. Mutation Thr-86-Ile was observed in 100% of the isolates investigated. In addition to this mutation, others no silent mutations (Val-73-Glu, Ser-114-Leu, Val-88-Asp, Ala-75-Asp, Gly-119-Ser, Arg-79-Lys) and silent mutations (His-81-His, Ser-119-Ser, Ala-120-Ala, Phe-99-Phe, Ala-122-Ala, Gly-74-Gly, Ile-77-Ile, Ala-91-Ala, Leu-92-Leu, Val-93-Val, Ile-106-Ile, Thr-107-Thr, Gly-113-Gly, Ile-115-Ile, Gly-110-Gly) were detected. All the enrofloxacin-sensitive strains by the phenotypic methods had the Thr-86 to Ile substitution, which suggests other mechanisms contributing to enrofloxacin resistance in Campylobacter.
Production practices and processing for value-added goat meat,

This review discusses adding value to goat meat, with an emphasis on the properties of goat meat and processed products. Goat meat value may be increased through production practices or meat processing. Decreasing the market channel steps or distribution costs and marketing animals in uniform or consistent groups will generally increase live animal value. Processing of meat into more palatable and usable forms or providing meat at times of higher purchaser demand will usually increase the price of the meat. Age, breed, and diet influence tenderness, juiciness, and flavor, with higher fat in carcasses and cuts from goats fed concentrate diets. The meat from kid and yearling goats of low conformation could be distinguished by goat meat consumers from the meat of goats with medium and high conformation. Ethnic groups that purchase goat meat have high levels of population growth and are increasing their buying power. Higher income populations desire value-added food products, which have been changed in form, function, or grouping to increase their economic value and/or appeal; however, lower income groups have a supply of imported frozen goat meat at a price lower than domestic sources. Food service operations purchase uniform cuts and sizes of meat, which are provided through USDA Institutional Meat Purchase Specification descriptions for goat meat. Goat meat also may be processed with unit operations similar to those for other meat species. Tenderness of domestic goat meat was improved with postmortem goat carcass aging, electrical stimulation of goat carcasses, and blade tenderization of goat cuts. The addition of α-tocopherol increased the oxidative stability of goat meat patties, whereas the addition of oat trim or oat bran decreased fat and shear force. Smoked and fermented goat meat sausages were acceptable to consumers, but they are more expensive per unit weight than sausages from other species. Emulsification capacity of goat meat proteins is high, and the palatability of frankfurters was increased with the use of mechanically separated goat mince. Goat meat was distinguishable from other species in plain and seasoned meat loaves, chili, curries, and patties. Specific organic acids are associated with goat meat flavor, and oxidized flavors develop more rapidly in cooked goat meat than in meat from other species. More convenient product forms and the availability of goat meat would increase the value and penetration of goat meat in ethnic and nontraditional consumer markets.
Chemical composition of water from tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon culture ponds at Malacca, Malaysia.

The present study analyzed chemical characteristics of pond and pore water of Penaeus monodon culture pondsin Malacca, Malaysia for one production cycle. Major cation concentrations (Ca, Na, K & Mg) both in pond and pore water were found to decrease with the increases of culture duration. The increase was however, recorded when pond water was exchanged with the water from reservoir. Similar types of observation was found for few trace elements i.e., Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, V, Zn, Ti, Sb, As and Ni. Water element concentrations were found higher in new ponds than aged ponds. Almost all elements concentrations in pore water were found higher in the new ponds than old ponds. This study suggests that decreases of cation concentrations over culture time may probably be due to accumulation of biotic components or deposition onto the pond bottom together with suspended particles. © 2012 Friends Science Publishers
Community structure and diversity of macrozoobenthos in Lake Taihu, a large shallow eutrophic lake in China.

To explore the status of macrozoobenthic communities and their response to ecological changes in Lake Taihu, we carried out a quarterly investigation on macrozoobenthos between February 2007 and November 2008. We recorded 40 species from 19 families, 7 classes and 3 phyla. Mean density and biomass varied largely among the 30 sampling sites. The highest mean density of macrozoobenthos occurred in Meiliang Bay, Zhushan Bay and river mouth, and communities were dominated by Tubificidae. Mean biomass was highest in Gonghu Bay, Western region, East Taihu and East Bays, these sites were dominated by Mollusca. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Rhyacodrilus sinicus, Corbicula fluminea, Bellamya aeruginosa, Tanypus chinensis and Gammarus sp. were the dominant species in Lake Taihu. Cluster analysis and one-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) classified the 30 sites into three groups with different macrozoobenthic communities (P < 0.05). K-dominance curves, Shannon-Wiener and Pielou indices indicated that species richness and evenness were highest in East Taihu and East Bays, dominated by Gastropods. Communities in Meiliang Bay, Zhushan Bay and river mouth had low species diversity and were dominated by L. hoffmeisteri and R. sinicus. Gonghu Bay, Central region and Western region contained intermediately diverse communities dominated by C. fluminea. Our results suggest that trophic status, habitat types and macrophytes are important factors regulating macrozoobenthic communities in Lake Taihu.
Polymorphism in 3′UTR region of Slc11a1 gene in Indian breeds of cattle.

The solute carrier family 11 (proton-coupled divalent metal ion transporters), member 1 (Slc11a1) also called natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 gene (Nramp1) is a member of the large family of metal ion-transport proteins. It encodes a divalent cation (Fe+ & Mn+) transporter that localizes in the phagolysosome membrane in macrophages. Slc11a1 gene plays a critical role in innate immunity favoring bacterial killing by macrophages in addition to its infl uence on adaptative immunity. Polymorphism at the 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) of Slc11a1 gene is associated with natural resistance against brucellosis in cattle. Such polymorphisms are associated with variations in the number of GT repeats. This study aimed to discover polymorphism in the 3’UTR region of the Slc11a1 gene in the Indian cattle breeds Nimari and Kenkatha. Polymerase Chain Reaction Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) of 440 bp amplicon of Slc11a1 gene revealed three common SSCP patterns in these breeds, which was also confi rmed by detecting point mutation in sequences of these patterns. The study will augment the information available and be useful in further studies to determine the role of the Slc11a1 gene in disease resistance and for the selection of brucellosis resistant animals.
Effect of Temperature, Photoperiod and pH on In vitro Shoot Multiplication of Sugarcane

The low growth rate of the culture could be due to unfavorable environmental and chemical conditions. Present study was done to see the effect of photoperiod, temperature and pH of the medium on in vitro shoot multiplication. In variety CoSe 01235, the highest number of shoots were produced at 25 ± 1°C similar to the variety UP 0097. Best results were obtained at pH 6.0 in both the varieties. Maximum ∼12.7 shoots per culture were recorded in variety UP 0097 under 16 h photoperiod whereas it was minimum ∼6.1 under 8 h photoperiod. Similarly variety CoSe 1235 responded well at 16 h photoperiod. This study highlights the need to investigate the effect of environmental conditions when developing efficient micropropogation protocol for commercial purposes.
Confirmation of Plasmodium falciparum treatment failure cases by polymerase change reaction genotyping

Background: Treatment failure in clinical trial, may be caused by P. falciparum resistant to antimalarialdrug. This study aimed to confirm the treatment failure cases of P. falciparum whcther caused byrecrudescence / resistant or new infection of different strain parasite.Methods: This study was a part of the activity in antimalarial drug efficacy trials (artemisinin-naphthoquine/AN versus dihydroartemisinin – piperaquine/DHP). P. falciparum infections on failure cases weregenotyped for allelic variation in those 3 markers by comparing before (D0) and after treatment (DF) ifparasites recurrent with nested polymerase change reaction (PCR). Results: Thirteen of 19 P. falciparum failure cases showed PCR genotyping completely successful 100%for MSP1 (D0 a DF), MSP2 (DF) and GLURP (D0) and the lowest (76,9% ) for GLURP (DF). Whenall 3 genes were combined, the amplification result showed 69.2%. Identification allele for each locusgenes shown that MSP1 had just one (D0 or DF). Conversely, for MSP2 and GLURP, there were someadditional alleles either at D0 and DF. By comparing the pattern of genotype (alleles) P. falciparum atD0 and DF each locus genes, the confirmation of P. falciparum resistant from new infection could bedetermined The proportion of recrudescence and new infection almost the same, 8 of 13 failed cases werefrom artemisinin-naphthoquine (AN) group.Conclusion: The confirmation of P. falciparum by comparing genotype at D0 and DF could determine parasiteresistant and new infection from treatment failure cases. Recrudescence occurred within 17 days after treatmentand new infection occurred g28 days after treatment. (Health Journal of Indonesia. 2015;6:29-37)
Field Efficacy of Imidacloprid on Okra Sucking Pest Complex

Field trials were undertaken during late kharif of 2004 and 2005 with okra (Abelmoschus esculentus-var. Pusa Sawani) to evaluate the efficacy of imidacloprid 17.8% SL against sucking pest complex. Imidacloprid @ 80 g ai/ha significantly suppressed whitefly and leafhopper populations, and consequently increased the yield. The maximum yield (508.8 kg/ha, 1188.8 kg/ha) was recorded in imidacloprid (80g ai/ha) followed by its lower dose 40g ai/ha (455.5 kg/ha, 1055.5 kg/ha) during 2004 and 2005, respectively. The results suggest that neonicotinoids are potential alternatives to conventional insecticides and could be used in formulating a successful management strategy for sucking pests in okra.
SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY OF THE LEAF EPIDERMIS IN THE MAGNOLIACEAE AND SOME RELATED FAMILIES

Summary Stomatal and other epidermal features suggest a close relationship among the Magnoliaceae, Eupomatiaceae, Degeneriaceae, and Himantandraceae, a somewhat more distant relationship of the Winteraceae to these families, and only a much more distant relationship of the Illiciaceae and Trochodendraceae to this group. Epidermal characteristics of the various genera and species of the Magnoliaceae are highly compatible with the taxonomic scheme of Dandy, and in some respects give strong support to it. The generic separation of Manglietia from Magnolia is particularly supported by my studies. Within the Winteraceae, epidermal features of several species of Belliolum correlate well with the system of A. C. Smith for this genus. The species Bubbia perrieri is anomalous in Bubbia on epidermal features, though clearly a member of the Winteraceae; its taxonomic position merits reconsideration. Many members of the Magnoliales have thickened lamellae (distinct from the outer stomatal ledge) on the outer walls of the guard cells, similar (except in not being lignified) to such lamellae in the modern Cycadales. The presence of these lamellae is considered to be a primitive feature among the angiosperms. Thick-walled epidermal cells with pores in the outer wall are found in many of the Magnoliales, and this feature is also considered to be primitive within the angiosperms. It is noteworthy that the Cycadales also have thick-walled cells, and that in Cycas and some other genera these cells have pores in the outer walls. The vast majority of the Magnoliales have paracytic stomates, and this is considered to be the primitive type within the angiosperms.
Biological and Chemical Investigation of Cultured Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria have been used as a source of natural products for drug development. Previous studies have demonstrated that compounds with cytotoxic activity are widely distributed in cyanobacteria and that the chemical classes of the cytotoxic compounds are diverse. Several compounds derived from cyanobacteria are approved by FDA or under clinical evaluations for cancer treatment, validating that these organisms have great potential as a source for anticancer drugs or drug leads. In this study, over 300 cyanobacteria strains were cultured, harvested, and extracted. A total of 306 cyanobacterial extracts were evaluated for both cytotoxicity using a set of cancer cells (HT-29, MCF-7, NCI-H460, and SF268 as well as a cancer cell panel consisting of 12 different cancer cells) and inhibition of 20S proteasome, an established target for cancer treatment. Of the 306 screened extracts, nine displayed cytotoxicity and seven showed inhibition of 20S proteasome. Five of these bioactive cyanobacterial strains, Fischerella sp. (SAG 46.79), Westiellopsis sp. (SAG 20.93), Fischerella muscicola (UTEX LB1829), Nostoc sp. (UIC 10047), and Oscillatoria sp. (UIC 10109), were selected for chemical investigation. Activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of 22 compounds. Structures of these isolated compounds were elucidated using a variety of spectroscopic analyses and 9 of 22 were found to be novel compounds. Most of these compounds showed moderate to strong cytotoxicity and/or 20S proteasome inhibition. It has been shown that cyanobacteria have a great potential as a source for discovery of anticancer lead compounds, and the results of this study also support this. We believe that continued efforts on the chemical and biological evaluation of these organisms will provide a great opportunity for the discovery of new anticancer lead compounds.
Growth, sexual maturity and reproduction in the hottentot Pachymetopon blochii (Val.)

The growth of hottentot is described by the relationship Lf (mm) = 538,015 (1−e−0,097(t + 0,431)). By determining the otolith growth rate and validating it with counts of daily rings identified on scanning electron micrographs of otolith sections, it was found that previous growth curves underestimated the age of the fish by one year. Differences in growth rate between sexes and over geographical regions were negligible. The ratio of males to females in sampled catches was 1:1,383 and 50-per-cent sexual maturity was attained at 220 mm fork length. There are two main spawning seasons, late autumn and summer, although some breeding activity continues throughout the year. Spatial differences in mean gonadosomatic indices were minimal.
Morpho-functional characterization of equine endometrial epithelial cells in vitro - preliminary results.

Summary Influences of different culture media and growth surfaces on morpho-functional characteristics of equine endometrial epithelial cells (EEC) in vitro were investigated in order to optimize culture conditions. Therefore, the results were compared to the endometrium in situ. Equine EEC were cultured using different media with varying serum components and additives: foetal bovine serum plus additives (MFBS+A), foetal bovine serum (MFBS), horse serum 1 (MHS1), horse serum 2 (MHS2) and horse serum 3 (MHS3). Uncovered and Matrigel™-covered cell culture inserts, as well as cell culture flasks were used. Cultured cells were examined cytomorphologically (haemalaun-eosin staining, giemsa staining), cytochemically (alcian blue staining) and immunocytochemically (oestrogen receptor (ER) α , progesterone receptor, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, inhibin- α , cytokeratin 8, 18, 19, vimentin, α -actin, desmin, transforming growth factor (TGF)- α , - β 1, - β 2, - β 3). Further, tissue samples of the uteri from which the cells were isolated were examined histopathologically (haemalaun-eosin staining), histochemically (alcian blue staining) and immunohistochemically, using the above-mentioned antibodies. Regardless of the used media and the state of the endometrial cycle at point of isolation, two morphologically different cell types and three growth patterns were found. None of these facts led to apparent differences concerning immunolabelling. Whereas growth surfaces, duration of culture and state of endometrial cycle at point of isolation did not cause any obvious influences on the immunolabelling of EEC in vitro concerning the utilized antibodies, the culture media did. Especially cells grown in MFBS+A exhibited characteristics comparable to uterine glandular epithelia in situ concerning cytokeratin 8, 18, 19, TGF- β 1, - β 3 and ER α . Epithelzellen vitro kultivierten Medien MHS1, Epithel CK