Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pustula junggarensis (Albuginales, Oomycota), a new species of white blister rust on Takhtajaniantha pusilla from Junggar Basin in China

An unknown white blister rust was collected on Takhtajaniantha pusilla (Pall.) Nazarovain ( Asteraceae ) in the desert regions of Junggar Basin in China. The pathogen is characterized by depressed primary sporangia,subglobose secondary sporangia with annulus, yellowish to dark reddish-brown oospores, (45.4)54.6–65.4(68.5) µm in diameter, with inner walls on average up to 2.7 µm thick and outer wall on average up to 5.2 µm thick, which is obviously larger than in the morphologically similar P. obtusata and P. helianthicola . Phylogenetic analyses based on cox 2 mtDNA sequences provided the evidence that this pathogen is separated from other species of Pustula and forms a distinct lineage. Therefore, we consider this pathogen as a new species of Pustula , described here as Pustula junggarensis .
Studies on Aphelenchoides besseyi (Christie, 1942) on proso millet and fungi favoring their development

Foliar nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi is of a great concern in millet productions. The genus Aphelenchoides has a very wide host range especially in cereals. Mode of seed transmission with associative fungal genera have significant role in nematode feeding and movement in the host tissues being fungivore in nature. Highest incidence of A. besseyi have been noticed in abnormal seeds stored for four years as compared to apparent healthy once of the same duration. The germplasm TNAU-194 (174N) harboured high incidence of A. besseyi. Nematode, A. besseyi infested seeds harboured Alternaria alternata and Curvularia lunata were found most suitable for A. besseyi reproduction were as other where poor to very poor in nematode reproduction.
Cytoarchitectural Defects Secondary To Experimentally Induced Oligodendrocyte Death In The Adult And Developing Central Nervous System

By ANDREW VINCENT CAPRARIELLO The ability of the central nervous system (CNS) to execute sophisticated functions with remarkable efficiency relies on extensive cross-talk between a number of specialized cell types. Myelination is a quintessential example of such cellular communication in which highly specialized oligodendroglia extend compacted spirals of cell membrane around individual axons of multiple neurons. Functionally similar to the insulation that encases household electrical wiring, myelin accelerates the conduction of electrical signals that underlies complex behavioral outputs such as movement and sensation. A recent approach to better understand the dynamic relationship between axons and oligodendrocytes has been the development of models in which oligodendrocytes can be experimentally eliminated from living tissues. However, confounding factors inherent in each of the existing models complicate data interpretation. Limitations include dubious cell specificity, a mechanism of cell death that is not physiological, and/or the requirement of a stimulated peripheral immune system, a condition often associated with pathology. The current work proposes a novel experimental model that circumvents these issues.
Evaluation of various sulphur amino acid to lysine ratio for growing-finishing pigs fed antibiotic-free diets

Abstract This 10 wk feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of increasing the standardised ileal digestible (SID) sulphur amino acid to lysine ratio (SAA:Lys) on performance and intestinal health parameters in growing-finishing (50–100 kg) pigs fed antibiotic-free diets. A total of 96 pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an average initial body weight (BW) of 52.2 ± 2.32 kg were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments each with 6 replicates (4 pigs per pen, 2 females and 2 males). The dietary treatments were 4 graded levels of SID SAA to Lys ratios (0.57, 0.67, 0.70 and 0.73). During the phase 1 (50–75 kg), pigs fed diets with increasing dietary SID SAA:Lys tended to improve the ADG (linear, p = .07) and G:F (linear, p = .06). During the phase 2 (75–100 kg), increasing SID SAA:Lys ratio had a tendency (linear, p = .08) to improve the ADG and G:F. Furthermore, the villus-to-crypt ratio of duodenum were linearly increased (p < .05) by increasing SID SAA:Lys at the end of the experiment. Moreover, increasing SID SAA:Lys ratio linearly improved (p < .05) the ratio of faecal Lactobacillus:Escherichia coli in both phase 1 and phase 2. There was a linear decrease (p < .05) in ammonia when pigs were fed diets with increased SID ratio of SAA:Lys in both phase 1 and phase 2. In conclusion, increasing the dietary SID SAA:Lys provided beneficial effect on gut health of growing-finishing pigs fed antibiotic-free diets and showed partial positive effect in growth performance.
Role of Fusaric Acid Mycotoxin in Pathogensis Process of Tomato Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum

Different Fusarium oxysporum isolates were tested under greenhouse conditions to determine their virulence potential toward tomato plants. Severity and development of Fusarium wilt disease was recorded 4, 6 and 8 weeks after pathogen inoculation. Chromatogram assay was conducted using HPLC to evaluate the capability of the tested isolates to produce Fusaric acid and to investigate the possible correlation between FA accumulation and Fusarium wilt disease development on tomato plants. The results showed that all tested isolates were pathogenic and varied significantly with regard to their virulence potential on tomato under the test conditions. The results showed also that all tested isolates were able to produce FA. Moreover, remarkable variation in FA accumulation was observed among the tested isolates at 4, 6 and 8 weeks post inoculation with the individual isolates. Four weeks post inoculation; the recorded data indicated that no clear correlation could be detected between FA accumulation and virulence of the tested isolates. In contrary, FA accumulation was in positive proportional relationship with virulence of the tested Fusarium isolates at 6 weeks post inoculation. Furthermore, differences in production of total secondary metabolites were observed within Fusarium isolates under in vitro conditions. These results revealed that FA could be play an important role in the development of Fusarium wilt disease at middle and last stages of tomato growth, while, it seems that no distinctive role of FA in the first stages of pathogenesis process of the tested Fusarium oxysporum isolates.
Differences in microhabitat selection patterns between a remnant and constructed landscape following management intervention

Abstract Context. Achieving successful conservation outcomes in habitat creation and reintroductions requires an understanding of how species use their habitat and respond to these interventions. However, few initiatives directly compare microhabitat selection between remnant and managed habitats to measure effectiveness and evaluate outcomes. Probability of detection is also rarely included in studies on microhabitat use, which may lead to erroneous conclusions if detectability varies between variables. Methods. In this study, we used the endangered green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea) to compare differences in microhabitat-use patterns in both a remnant and a constructed habitat. A detectability study was also conducted to determine detection probabilities among microhabitats. Key results. Aquatic vegetation was used more than expected in both the remnant and constructed habitats, and rock piles were utilised less than expected in the constructed habitat, despite their recommendation in most habitat templates. We found that detection probabilities altered the outcomes of abundance estimates for nearly all the measured microhabitat variables. Conclusions. Future management for this species should focus on providing high proportions of aquatic vegetation. Furthermore, although rock piles have been utilised greatly in past L. aurea habitat creation, placing large rocks on a managed site is expensive and time consuming. Future management initiatives may need to focus on providing smaller proportion of rocks, which would be a more appropriate use of resources. Implications. With conservation management projects increasing over the next few decades, understanding habitat use before implementing strategies should be a priority as it will provide important insights and inform decision-making for optimum habitat creation and restoration. Furthermore, accounting for detectability in microhabitat use studies is essential to avoid wrong conclusions that may negatively affect the success of ecological management strategies.
Response of rhizosphere microbial diversity and soil physico-chemical properties in a rotation of cucumber with Volvariella volvacea

ABSTRACT Crop rotation can significantly increase yield by improving soil conditions through reducing soil pathogens and increasing the microbial diversity near the root system of the plant. Cucumber is widely consumed across the world, and monoculture of cucumber under greenhouse conditions is often threatened by Fusarium wilt, which is caused by fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium. In Jiangsu province of China, rotating cucumber crops with Volvariella volvacea is used as a way to control Fusarium wilt. Here, we tested how rotating cucumber with V. volvacea influences soil physico-chemical and biological properties. We found that rotating with V. volvacea improved bacterial diversity near the cucumber root system. We also found an increase in nitrogen-fixing bacteria that have been used for biological control of plant pathogens, and a decrease in Fusarium species. In the treated soil, we found increased activity of the soil enzymes catalase, dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase and alkaline phosphatase by 2–22%, 14–29%, 16–58% and 9–64%, respectively. Lastly, the total and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content significantly increased one to three weeks after V. volvacea residual substrate was mixed into the soil, up to 39%, 24%, 17%, 28%, 18% and 70, but declined slowly afterwards. These results suggested that rotating cucumber with V. volvacea could aid in resetting the structure of the microbial community of the cucumber root system. Increase in beneficial microbes and improved soil conditions are likely to contribute to improved yield of this commercially important crop.
Digestibility and Mineral Availability of Phoenix Worms, Hermetia illucens, Ingested by Mountain Chicken Frogs, Leptodactylus fallax

ABSTRACT Soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, larvae have been introduced to the herpetoculture market as an alternative, palatable, high-calcium (Ca) foodstuff that minimizes or alleviates the need for additional gut-loading or dust supplements. Long-term successful breeding programs with insectivorous lizards and amphibians fed these larvae have been anecdotally reported; other observations suggest that whole larvae may pass intact and poorly digested through the gastrointestinal tract unless the cuticle is pierced. Feed intake and digestibility trials were conducted with 25 mountain chicken frogs, Leptodactylus fallax, housed in groups of five animals fed either crickets, or intact or mashed solider fly larvae to investigate nutrient availability. Diet significantly influenced the digestibility of dry matter, protein, fiber fractions, and all minerals (Ca, phosphorus [P], magnesium, sodium [Na], potassium [K], copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc) measured in these trials (P< 0.01 for all nutrients.
Platelets Orchestrate Remote Tissue Damage after Mesenteric Ischemia/Reperfusion Running Platelets and Complement in Reperfusion Injury

Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. A functional role for platelets in tissue damage after mesenteric I/R is largely unknown. The hypothesis that mesenteric I/R local and remote injury are platelet-dependent was tested. Using a murine mesenteric I/R model we demonstrate that platelets orchestrate remote lung tissue damage that follows mesenteric I/R injury and also contribute, albeit to a lesser degree to local villi damage. While lung damage is delayed compared to villi damage, it increased over time and was characterized by accumulation of platelets in the pulmonary vasculature early followed by alveolar capillaries and extravasation into the pulmonary space. Both villi and lung tissues displayed complement deposition. We demonstrate that villi and lung damage are reduced in mice made platelet-deficient prior to I/R injury and that platelet transfusion into previously platelet-depleted mice prior to I/R increased both villi and lung tissue damage. Increased C3 deposition accompanied platelet sequestration in the lung which was mostly absent in platelet-depleted mice. In contrast, C3 deposition was only minimally reduced on villi of platelet-depleted mice. Our findings position platelets alongside complement as a significant early upstream component that orchestrates remote lung tissue damage after mesenteric I/R and strongly suggest that reperfusion injury mitigating modalities should consider the contribution of platelets. 9, 33, 77, 78, 80). A role for platelets in I/R-mediated The central role of platelets in the induction of remote tissue damage after mesenteric I/R was further confirmed by using mice depleted of platelets that were transfused with syngeneic platelets on the day of I/R procedure. Mesenteric I/R in mice transfused with platelets to normal values led in increased villi damage. Villi damage increase was not statistically significant although it did trend to levels (by injury score) of platelet-intact mice. Complement staining was similar in both platelet-intact and platelet-deficient mice. These findings further support a secondary role for platelets in villi damage after I/R. In contrast, lung tissue damage in platelet-transfused mice was significantly increased compared to platelet-deficient mice and similar to levels observed in platelet-intact mice where lung damage scores were comparable. C3 staining was again apparent and increased in lungs from platelet-transfused mice after mesenteric I/R. innate and adaptive mechanisms of tissue after mechanisms following local Here, platelets were identified as a critical and central remote tissue and secondary component local damage. local trauma, platelets play less significant role although they contribute to local villi damage. Thus, preventing or inhibiting remote tissue damage by targeting platelets with currently available that pro-inflammatory functions platelets.
Possibilités d'amélioration de la composition en acides gras de l'huile de palme. Résultats et perspectives

L'etude de la variabilite de la composition en acides gras au sein des origines et des hybrides montre qu'il est possible d'obtenir rapidement une amelioration de la teneur en acides gras insatures. Les correlations entre acides gras, les relations entre les acides gras et les composantes de la production en huile, l'estimation des heritabilites des differents acides gras permettent de proposer un programme de selection pour la production de semences et l'amelioration a long terme. Des 1976, l'I. R. H. O. est en mesure de fournir en quantite limitee du materiel vegetal produisant une huile dont la teneur moyenne en acides gras insatures est de 54 a 56 p. 100. La variabilite d'E. guineensis est cependant limitee et il apparait indispensable d'avoir recours a l'hybridation avec E. melanococca pour obtenir des huiles pratiquement fluides. Un programme est en cours dans ce sens
Effect of Corn Quality and Enzyme Supplementation on Broiler Performance, Gastrointestinal Enzyme Activity, Nutrient Retention, Intestinal Mucin, and Jejunal Gene Expression

A 2×2 factorial experiment was conducted to study the effect of corn quality and exogenous enzyme supplementation on broiler gastrointestinal enzyme activity and jejunal gene expression from 0 to 49 days of age. Four dietary treatments were comprised of: (1) diet AN-, corn A basal diet; (2) diet AN+, ANplus Avizyme 1502 (AZ); (3) diet BN-, corn B basal diet; (4) BN+, BNplus AZ. A total of 1,440 Ross 708 male chicks were randomly assigned with one of the four dietary treatments (9 reps/trt and 40 chicks/ rep) on d 1. Digesta samples from gizzard, jejunum, and ileum as well as pancreatic tissue samples were collected for evaluating amylase, protease, and xylanase activities. Intestinal tissue samples were collected for determining maltase, sucrase, and aminopeptidase N activities. On d 28, jejunal tissue was collected for total RNA isolation and subsequent genome-wide microarray assay. Corn A had higher endogenous amylase and xylanase activities as compared to corn B in the native cereal Xylanase activity in jejunal and ileal digesta of birds fed corn A diets were higher (P < 0.05) as compared to that of corn B fed birds on d 7 and 49. There were interactions of corn quality and enzyme addition (P < 0.05) with activities of ileal maltase, sucrase and aminopeptidase N on d 7. Sucrase-isomaltase contributed 63, 80, and 74 % of total maltase activity in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively. Most maltase and sucrase activities were correlated (P < 0.05) between intestinal segments. Pancreatic amylase activity was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with ileal maltase, sucrase, and aminopeptidase N activities. Sucrase activities in duodenum and jejunum were correlated (P < 0.05) with performance, whereas duodenal aminopeptidase N was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with performance except for period body weight gain. Pancreatic amylase and protease activities and gizzard activities of protease and xylanase were correlated (P < 0.05) with performance. The number of genes differentially regulated (P < 0.05) by corn quality was 77 as compared to those by enzyme supplementation in corn A diets (30 genes) and corn B diets
Ration with Different Dietary Cation Anion to Mineral Status of Blood and Urine Garut Ewes

The objectives of the present experiment were to ev aluate the effect of dietary cation-anion differenc (DCAD) on mineral status in blood and urine. Ration s with DCAD value of -28, -18, 0, +14, and +32 mEq were offered to 15 ewes in a randomized complet e block design. On day 21, blood samples were taken anaerobically using heparinized syringes from the coccygeal jugular venipuncture. Each syringe was capped and placed on ice immediately following collection to determine on plasma Na, K, Cl, Ca, and P concentrations. The DCAD values had no effect on plasma Na, K, Cl, Ca, and P concentrations indicating that there was homeostasis to maintain t he physiological status of the body. The DCAD value of -18, 0, +14 and +32 mEq resulted in the no rmal blood with Na:K ratio closed to 20:1. Plasma Cl concentration was associated with plasma Na, but the concentration of Cl was lower than that of Na. The DCAD values significantly influenced P urin e, but had no effect on urinary Na, K, Cl, S, and Ca. The DCAD value of -28 and -18 mEq resulted in t he low acidity of urine at level of 5.73 ± 0.20 and 5.84 ± 0.27, respectively. The DCAD value of 0, +14, dan +32 mEq resulted in normal urinary pH. Rations with DCAD values of -18, 0, +14, and +3 2 mEq in garut ewes had normal ratio of plasma’s Na:K and were able to perform regulation of minerals co ntrol inside their blood to be homeostatis, and some excessive minerals would be s ecreted through urine. Rations with DCAD values of -28 and -18 mEq in garut ewes had the hig hest ratio of plasma’s Ca :P which was 2.2:1.0, so it could be used as an action to prevent milk fe ver.
Population Dynamics of Penaeus semisulcatus in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt

Monthly length frequency data of Penaeus semisulcatus were analyzed to determine the age, growth, mortality rates and yield per recruit. The maximum life span of P. semisulcatus was found to be 15 months for males and 18 months for females. The asymptotic total length was estimated to be 22.4 cm for males and 26.8 cm for females. The growth parameter K was calculated as 1.77year-1 for males and 1.56 year-1 for females. The total mortality coefficient Z, was estimated to be 8.18 for males and 6.77 for females. The natural mortality coefficient was estimated to be 2.52 for males and 2.40 for females. Yield per recruit (Y/R) analysis indicated that a high value of Y/R can be obtained at high values of fishing mortality but this may not be biologically appropriate.
Estimating the population size of the endemic lichens Anzia centrifuga (Parmeliaceae) and Ramalina species (Ramalinaceae) on Porto Santo (Madeira archipelago)

Abstract Due to isolation, islands are known to harbor a high number of endemics. Although most lichen species are widespread, a number of genera are well-known for the large number of endemics. Often, those endemic taxa have a low population size and are vulnerable to ecosystem change. We carried out a survey of all seven endemic lichens of the island of Porto Santo (Madeira, Portugal, 42 km2) in order to generate data for a IUCN Red List assessment. Six km2 of suitable habitat for the species were searched and mapped at 100 m resolution. The main habitat for the species consisted of volcanic outcrops, mainly basalt peaks and lava flows on the slopes. All accessible areas—circa 90% of the peaks and 50% of all outcrops—were surveyed by the authors during one week as a volunteer project. The population size of Anzia centrifuga was estimated to be 50–100 individuals. It occurred only on exposed, stable, vertical, N to W facing rock faces above 240 m, restricting the potential habitat to less than 1.0 km2. Ramalina nematodes occurred often abundantly on most of the larger exposed ridges. Ramalina confertula and R. portosantana each occur on several rock outcrops in the N part of the island. Ramalina erosa, R. jamesii and R. timdaliana were restricted to an area often less than 1000 m2 in the surroundings of their type localities. After application of the IUCN criteria, all studied endemics fitted well into category Critically Endangered although no immediate threats seem present.
Genotype by Environment Interaction Effects on Starch, Fibre and Agronomic Traits in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Genotype by Environment Interaction Effect on Starch, Fibre and Agronomic Traits in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Stephanie Bach Advisor: University of Guelph, 2011 Dr. J. Alan Sullivan In this thesis, the relationships between 17 traits including starch, fibre, culinary quality and agronomic parameters of potato were investigated. In two studies, 12 genotypes were grown at three locations in Ontario and 18 genotypes were grown at four locations in Manitoba, Ontario and New Brunswick. Genotype by environment interactions were significant for fibre and agronomic traits, except bake score and specific gravity. Correlations were found between some, but not all, starch, fibre and agronomic parameters. Several genotypes containing desirable starch, fibre and agronomic profiles with high stability were identified. Although no single genotype was superior in all analyzed traits, certain genotypes excelled in specific attributes. CV96044-3 had the best starch and fibre profile, but low yields compared to other cultivars. Three genotypes, CV96044-3, F04037 and Goldrush, may be useful parents in a breeding program to improve starch and fibre characteristics, producing cultivars containing all desirable traits.
Virulence of Phytophthora isolates from Piper nigrum L. and their sensitivity to metalaxyl-mancozeb

Foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici in black pepper is the most destructive disease. A total of 82 isolates from the National Repository of Phytophthora at ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research were evaluated for their sensitivity to metalaxylmancozeb and also tested for their virulence. Of the 82 isolates studied, 19 (23.2%) were highly sensitive to metalaxyl-mancozeb and six (7.3%) were comparatively insensitive (EC 90 value >40 ppm; range 41.3 to 68.5 ppm). The isolates also varied in the degree of virulence, viz., 34 (41.5%) were highly virulent, 39 (47.6%) moderately virulent, 4 (3.7%) mildly virulent, and 5 (6.1%) non-virulent. There was neither any significant correlation between sensitivity to metalaxyl-mancozeb and virulence nor with the geographical location .