Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of late sowing on soybean yields and yield components in southwestern Japan

ABSTRACT Soybean production in southwestern Japan tends to be unstable owing to wet soils during the rainy season. Although late sowing after the rainy season can avoid excess water, information on its yield potential is limited. The objective of this study was to reveal the effect of late sowing on yields and yield components of new soybean cultivars developed for warm regions. The experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan. Upland fields converted from paddy fields with a subirrigation system were planted in June (normal) or July (late sparse or late dense). Lodging was prevented with a net. The effects of late sowing and dense treatment were analyzed in relation to solar radiation use. In 2016, differences in yield among cultivars and among environments were not significant. In 2017, yield was significantly reduced following late sparse sowing. The total aboveground dry matter at maturity was correlated with total solar radiation intercepted (r = 0.76) but not with radiation use efficiency (r = 0.47). Late sowing increased harvest index (HI) significantly from 0.464 to 0.571 in 2016 and from 0.524 to 0.585 in 2017, but density had no significant effect. The changes in HI were correlated with stem dry weight (r = −0.80 in 2016 and r = −0.79 in 2017) rather than seed yield (r = 0.08, n.s. in 2016 and r = 0.19, n.s. in 2017). Thus, under irrigation, late dense sowing might stabilize yield in southwestern Japan because of higher HI. Abbreviations: DM: dry matter; FOEAS: farm-oriented enhancing aquatic system; HI: harvest index; RUE: radiation use efficiency
Temporal variation in chlorophyll fluorescence of different tree species

ABSTRACT In the present work, an attempt has been made to observe the temporal variation in leaf chlorophyll fluorescence of different tree species (Madhuca longifolia, Ricinus communis and Terminalia arjuna). Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters viz. Fv/Fm = Fm−Fo/Fm (maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II), Y (II) = F’m−F’/F’m (photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II) and qL = qp. F0ʹ/F’ (coefficient of photochemical fluorescence quenching) of above trees were recorded at different daytimes with the help of JUNIOR‐PAM, Chlorophyll Fluorometer, Heinz Walz GmbH, Germany. It was found that above parameters showed clear-cut temporal variations of leaf chlorophyll fluorescence in all the species. Y (II) and qL showed similar temporal variation patter, while Fv/Fm showed opposite variation as compared to Y (II) and qL.
Opportunistic interactions on Fe0 between methanogens and acetogens from a climate lake

Microbial-induced corrosion has been extensively studied in pure cultures. However, Fe0 corrosion by complex environmental communities, and especially the interplay between microbial physiological groups, is still poorly understood. In this study, we combined experimental physiology and metagenomics to explore Fe0-dependent microbial interactions between physiological groups enriched from anoxic climate lake sediments. Then, we investigated how each physiological group interacts with Fe0. We offer evidence for a new interspecies interaction during Fe0 corrosion. We showed that acetogens enhanced methanogenesis but were negatively impacted by methanogens (opportunistic microbial interaction). Methanogens were positively impacted by acetogens. In the metagenome of the corrosive community, the acetogens were mostly represented by Clostridium and Eubacterium, the methanogens by Methanosarcinales, Methanothermobacter and Methanobrevibacter. Within the corrosive community, acetogens and methanogens produced acetate and methane concurrently, however at rates that cannot be explained by abiotic H2-buildup at the Fe0 surface. Thus, microbial-induced corrosion might have occurred via a direct or enzymatically mediated electron uptake from Fe0. The shotgun metagenome of Clostridium within the corrosive community contained several H2-releasing enzymes including [FeFe]-hydrogenases, which could boost Fe0-dependent H2-formation as previously shown for pure culture acetogens. Outside the cell, acetogenic hydrogenases could become a common good for any H2/CO2-consuming member in the microbial community including methanogens that rely on Fe0 as a sole energy source. However, the exact electron uptake mechanism from Fe0 remains to be unraveled.
Catalytic Pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis Residue (SPR): Thermochemical Behavior and Kinetics

The pyrolysis characteristics of Spirulina platensis residue (SPR) with silica–alumina catalysts were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of differing amounts of catalysts on thermochemical behavior and kinetics parameters (pre-exponential factor in Arrhenius equation [A] and activation energy [Ea]) were studied. The experiment was carried out from 30 to 1000℃ at a heating rate of 20℃/min for the case of non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis (silica–alumina). For the catalytic pyrolysis, also of interest were the catalyst-to-SPR weight ratios of 1:1 and 1:2. The TGA curve and differential thermogravimetric peak analysis results suggest that the use of catalysts in pyrolysis (particularly at a catalyst-to-SPR weight ratio of 1:1) reduces both pyrolysis time and temperature range to 14.68 min and 230–555℃, respectively. The kinetic parameters were then calculated in a one-step global non-isothermal model and solved using a least squares method in MATLAB. The presence of catalyst was able to reduce Ea to the lowest value from 41.10 kJ/mol (without catalyst) to 40.77 kJ/mol (weight ratio of 1:2) and 39.46 kJ/mol (weight ratio of 1:1) in Zone 1. However, the increase of catalyst quantity was not in line with the increase of reaction rate constant (k) and resulted in reasonably low A of, respectively, 593.30, 406.31, and 266.37.
Spatial variability of zooplankton community structure in Colombian Caribbean waters during two seasons

Zooplankton is an important component to understand oceanographic dynamics, they are considered good indicators of environmental variability, since most species are short-lived they can be tight coupling of climate and population dynamics, and some taxa are sensitive to variables such as temperature, quality and quantity of food, oxygenation and stratification. In the Colombian Caribbean two oceanographic cruises were carried out, in order to characterize and analyze the biodiversity of the continental margin, for the periods May-June 2008 and November-December 2009. The objective of this study was to determine which oceanographic variable was the most important in the distribution of zooplankton in the oceanic waters, and how the variables structure the community. In each cruise, zooplankton samples were obtained by vertical hauls with a 1 m 2 diameter conical net (200 μm mesh size). The zooplankton community structure was studied by automated image analysis (ZooImage), which combined with abundance data, allowed to calculate the slope of size spectrum, and diversity indexes of taxa and sizes. The environmental variables included temperature, salinity, oxygen and chlorophyll a of the water column, and were used to calculate the stratification with the Brunt-Vaiisala frequency; this information was complemented by satellite images of temperature, surface chlorophyll, geostrophic currents and sea level, obtained from MODIS and AQUA products. The association between environmental variables and the zooplankton community structure was determined using Spearman’s correlation ranges with the Bioenv routine and a stepwise regression model, and Principal component analysis (PCA). Our results showed spatial and temporal patterns in the oceanographic conditions of the study area, such as upwelling in the Northeast region, strong stratification in the Southwest, and mesoscale activity. The abundance of zooplankton exhibited differences between the two climatic seasons and zones. Temporal differences were also evident in the size and diversity of taxa (ANOVA 2-way p <0.05). These changes were related to the moderate upwelling and the activity of mesoscale eddies. Cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies of variable size can either transport or retain zooplankton over cross-shelf and oceanic areas, thus modifying the taxonomic structure of the community. According to the Bioenv analysis, the main variables that explained the abundance and composition of zooplankton were sea level and chlorophyll a (Spearman correlation = 0.49). The stepwise regression showed that stratification, oxygen and chlorophyll a were the most important predictors of zooplankton abundance and size. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 688-708. Epub 2018 June 01.
Asymmetrical Pulse-Width Modulation Strategy for Current-Fed Dual Active Bridge Bidirectional Isolated Converter Applied to Energy Storage Systems

This paper proposes an asymmetrical pulse-width modulation (PWM) strategy for current-fed dual-active bridge (CFDAB) converters applied to energy storage systems (ESS). The ESS application considers low-voltage and high-capacity batteries, for low-power applications, such as data centers, residential photovoltaic systems (PV), and uninterruptable power supplies (UPS). The proposed modulation permits the use of an isolation transformer with negligible leakage inductance and, therefore, avoids the use of auxiliary circuits such as snubbers, active-clamp, or resonant cells. Hence, the converter implementation is simplified. The modulation also benefits the design of the control system because the converter can be modeled and controlled using simple strategies. A straightforward, large-signal model for the battery charge mode, which is valid over all the operation range of the converter, is obtained. Also, the converter operates with a fixed dc bus voltage on both charge and discharge modes. These characteristics represent a significant advantage when the CFDAB with PWM modulation is compared with phase-shifted or frequency modulations, commonly applied in these converters.
Does Value Chain Integration Dampen Producer Price Developments? Evidence from the European Union

We draw on trade theory to empirically explore the effects of value chain integration on producer price dynamics. Using the EU as an example of an integrated area, we construct measures of backward and forward linkages with intra- and extra-EU trading partners at the country-sector level. We find that especially upstream integration and EU-accession dampen inflation. The results for downstream integration indicate a price-increasing relationship. We propose novel EU integration indicators and offer insights to both theory and applied research. We also add to the policy debate on the price effects of (dis-)integration of EU countries.
Determination of Financial Failure Indicators by Gray Relational Analysis and Application of Data Envelopment Analysis and Logistic Regression Analysis in BIST 100 Index

Financial failure prediction models have been developed by using Logistic Regression (LR) analysis from traditional statistical methods and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which is a mathematically based nonparametric method over the financial reports of the companies traded in The Istanbul Stock Exchange National 100 Index (BIST 100) between the years 2014-2016. In the development of these models, the variables included in the model are as important as the method applied. For this reason, the gray relational analysis method has been considered in determining the indicators that affect the financial situation of the companies. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the LR model, which is one of the prediction models, has a higher rate of prediction power than the data envelopment analysis in predicting the financial failure of the companies. However, DEA is also an easy and fast method for predicting financial failures, and is recommended to companies on the indicators that they need to improve in order to be successful. As a result of the study, it has been found that both methods are feasible in the prediction of financial failure, but these methods also have different advantages and disadvantages.
The complete chloroplast genome of Magnolia delavayi, a threatened species endemic to Southwest China

Abstract Magnolia delavayi, a threatened plant endemic to Southwest China, is of great importance for landscaping because of its lotus-like creamy flowers. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of M. delavayi was assembled based on the Illumina sequences. The cp genome of M. delavayi was 159,470 bp in length and contained a pair of inverted regions (IR, 26,409 bp) which were separated by the small single copy (SSC, 18,760 bp) and the large single copy (LSC, 87,892 bp) regions. It encoded 132 genes including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA ribosomal genes. The overall AT content of M. delavayi cp genome is 60.7%. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis revealed that the species of M. delavayi was isolated first among the genus Magnolia. This result will be helpful for the conservation and phylogeny programs of the genus Magnolia.
Electrophysiological and anatomical factors determine arrhythmic risk in acute myocardial ischaemia and its modulation by sodium current availability

Acute myocardial ischaemia caused by coronary artery disease is one of the main causes of sudden cardiac death. Even though sodium current blockers are used as anti-arrhythmic drugs, decreased sodium current availability, also caused by mutations, has been shown to increase arrhythmic risk in ischaemic patients. The mechanisms are still unclear. Our goal is to exploit perfect control and data transparency of over 300 high-performance computing simulations to investigate arrhythmia mechanisms in acute myocardial ischaemia with variable sodium current availability. The human anatomically based torso-biventricular electrophysiological model used includes representation of realistic ventricular anatomy and fibre architecture, as well as ionic to electrocardiographic properties. Simulations show that reduced sodium current availability increased arrhythmic risk in acute regional ischaemia due to both electrophysiological (increased dispersion of refractoriness across the ischaemic border zone) and anatomical factors (conduction block from the thin right ventricle to thick left ventricle). The asymmetric ventricular anatomy caused high arrhythmic risk specifically for ectopic stimuli originating from the right ventricle and ventricular base. Increased sodium current availability was ineffective in reducing arrhythmic risk for septo-basal ectopic excitation. Human-based multiscale modelling and simulations reveal key electrophysiological and anatomical factors determining arrhythmic risk in acute ischaemia with variable sodium current availability.
Supplementary material to "Contrasted release of insoluble elements (Fe, Al, REE, Th, Pa)
after dust deposition in seawater: a tank experiment approach"

Abstract. The release of lithogenic elements (which are often assumed to be insoluble) such as Aluminum (Al), Iron (Fe), Rare Earth Elements (REE), Thorium (Th) and Protactinium (Pa) by Saharan dust reaching Mediterranean seawater was studied through tank experiments over 3 to 4 days under controlled conditions including control without dust addition and dust seeding under present and future climate conditions (+3 °C and −0.3 pH unit). Unfiltered surface seawater from 3 oligotrophic regions (Tyrrhenian Sea, Ionian Sea and Algerian Basin) were used. The maximum dissolution fractions were low for all seeding experiments: less than 0.3 % for Fe, 1 % for 232Th and Al, about 2–5 % for REE and less than 6 % for Pa. Different behaviors were observed: dissolved Al increased until the end of the experiments, Fe did not dissolve significantly and Th and light REE were scavenged back on the particles after a fast initial release. The constant 230Th/232Th ratio during the scavenging phase suggests that there is little or no further dissolution after the initial Th release. Quite unexpectedly, comparison of present and future conditions indicates that changes in temperature and/or pH influence the release of thorium and REE in seawater, leading to a lower Th release and a higher light REE release under increased greenhouse conditions.
Changes in the Determinism of the Gait Dynamics with the Intervention of a Robotic Walker

(1) Robotic walkers have gradually been developed over the last decade, and their use has caused changes in gait. However, detailed gait analyses during robotic walker-assisted walking have not been performed. In this study, we aim to identify the changes in determinism of gait dynamics owing to the intervention of a robotic walker. (2) Eleven healthy subjects participated in walking experiments under normal walking, rollator-assisted walking, and robotic walker-assisted walking conditions. We analyzed the measured trunk acceleration to derive the gait parameters, local scaling exponent (LSE, from correlation sum), and percentage of determinism (%DET, from recurrence plot). (3) The walking speed during rollator-assisted walking was significantly lower than that during robotic walker-assisted walking. Changes in the shape of the LSE along the anterior–posterior direction revealed the influence of the robotic walker at an individual level. The changes in %DET along the anterior–posterior direction were also significantly different between normal walking and robotic walker-assisted walking. (4) The rollator decreased the walking speed in comparison to normal walking. The changed LSE and reduced %DET imply reduced deterministic patterns and disturbance to the gait dynamics. The robotic walker only affects the gait dynamics in the anterior–posterior direction. Furthermore, the burden on the subjects was reduced during robotic walker-assisted walking.
Agrupación de genes de biosíntesis de ácido clavulánico en "Streptomyces clavuligerus": análisis de la región corriente arriba del gen "car"

Se han identificado 6 nuevos genes dentro de un fragmento de ADN EcoRI-PvuI de 6,5 kilobases situado corriente arriba del gen car perteneciente a la agrupacion de biosintesis de acido clavulanico. Los dos primeros genes han sido denominados cyp y fd respectivamente, dada la alta similitud de las proteinas deducidas con este tipo de proteinas de otros organismos. Ambas proteinas forman una unidad funcional junto con una NADPH-ferredoxina oxidorreductasa, cuyo gen no esta presente dentro del fragmento EcoRI-PvuI, y que en conjunto forman el sistema citocromo p450 hidroxilasa. La interrupcion del gen cyp provoca la perdida de la capacidad de biosintesis de acido clavulanico, sin embargo no se ha podido determinar el punto de actuacion de este sistema dentro de la ruta biosintetica de acido clavulanico. El tercer gen, denominado orf-12 codifica una proteina que presenta similitud con la proteina LpqF de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, de funcion desconocida. La inactivacion de este gen afecta negativamente a la produccion de acido clavulanico. La proteina deducida del cuarto gen, orf-13, muestra similitud con permeasas de membrana, y aunque no se ha determinado su papel dentro de la biosintesis de acido clavulanico, podria estar implicado en el transporte de intermediarios de la biosintesis de acido clavulanico. El quinto gen, orf-14, cuya proteina deducida muestra homologia con acetiltransferasas. La inactivacion de este gen mediante interrupcion genica afecta a la produccion de acido clavulanico, quedando esta disminuida a un 25% de la produccion de la cepa silvestre. El ultimo gen, orf-15, codifica una proteina que muestra similitud con proteinas extracelulares que unen oligopeptidos. En Streptomyces coelicolor este tipo de proteina esta encargada de captar oligopeptidos senal que controlan procesos como la esporulacion y la produccion de antibioticos. La proteina deducida de orf-15
Changes of hematological characteristics of greenling (Hexagrammos otakii Jordan and Starks) by anaesthetics

Blood (hematocrit, hemoglobin and red blood cell) and plasma (cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, Na+, Cl-, K+, osmolality, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) factors in greenling, Hexagrammos otakii after MS-222 and lidocaine-HCl anaesthetic were determined. Greenling (mean body length: 25.8 ± 1.6 cm, mean body weight: 194.5 ± 33.8 g) were exposed to concentrations of 125 ppm MS-222 and 800 ppm lidocaine-HCl at 18°C. Blood was collected from ten fish after anesthesia 0.5, 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours, respectively. After anesthesia, the concentrations of hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cell, cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, osmolality, Na+, K+, Cl-, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were determined. Control and experimental group displayed significant increases in plasma cortisol concentrations from their respective prestress levels at 0.5 hour after anaesthetic (P<0.05). Concentrations of glucose were increased from 22.3 ng/ mL to 28.5 ng/mL (0.5 hour), 31.0 ng/mL (1 hour) in experimental group, respectively. Lactic acid concentrations for experimental group were lower than those for control group at 0.5, 1 and 3 hours. In other items, control and experimental group did not show significant differences in this before and after anaesthetic. The results indicate that lidocaine-HCl and MS-222 can be used as suitable anaesthetic for the greenling. Correspondence to: I-S Park, Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 606-791, Korea, Tel: +82 51 410 4321; Fax: +82 51 404 4750; E-mail: ispark@kmou.ac. kr
OXIDATIVE STABILITY AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PALM OLEIN

Oxidised oil has been emerged as a root for many chronic diseases. The study was aimed to evaluate the effects of heating on oxidative stability and physicochemical properties of palm olein. Palm olein was heated to 80°C (P80) and 120°C (P120) up to 12 hr. The positional distribution of fatty acids, fatty acid composition (FAC) and iodine value (IV) were analysed using proton-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) and carbonNuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C-NMR). The slip melting point (SMP), peroxide value (PV), cloud point (CP) and free fatty acid (FFA) contents of the oil were determined according to MPOB Test Methods. Results implied that the regiospecificity of fatty acids in palm olein, FAC, IV and SMP remained unchanged (p>0.05) after both heating treatments for 12 hr. The FFA of P80 and P120 were gradually increased, even so, their FFA were within the acceptance level under prolonged heating for ≤ 10 hr. The CP of P80 and P120 were gradually increased due to an increase in the amount of FFA in the oils. In general, palm olein exhibited good oxidative stability after being heated for up to 2 hr at 80°C and 120°C beyond which the oil deteriorated. Overall, this study revealed that palm olein as a cooking oil was thermally and oxidatively stable under normal cooking environment.