Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential and Realized Absorptive Capacity in Colombian Firms: The Mediating Role of the Organizational Climate for Innovation

The absorptive capacity is related to knowledge evaluation and acquisition (Potential Capacity), as well as to the transformation and exploitation of such knowledge (Realized Capacity). This research aims to analyze the absorptive capacity in Colombian companies and to investigate whether the Realized capacity can be predicted from the Potential capacity. Likewise, due to the importance of the context on the absorptive capacity development, the mediating role of the organizational climate for innovation was tested. Through a cross-sectional study, a total of 260 employees from different companies completed the Absorptive Capacity Scale and the Organizational Climate for Innovation Scale. The results showed that Potential absorptive capacity is needed for Realized absorptive capacity, additionally, organizational climate for innovation exerted a mediator role in this transition. These findings highlight that companies should have an organizational climate that allows them to acquire and transform knowledge in order to increase their innovativeness and be more competitive. Further studies should analyze the organizational innovation in relation to the proposed and tested model, while considering employees from different industrial sectors.
All optical multi‐functional signal processing scheme for D8PSK and DQPSK format using four‐wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers

In this article, a multifunctional optical processing unit for differential eight phase‐shift‐keying (D8PSK) and differential quadrature phase‐shift‐keying (DQPSK) based on four‐wave mixing (FWM) effects in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is proposed. All‐optical wavelength conversion, D8PSK‐to‐DQPSK format conversion and signal encryption of 10‐Gbaud DQPSK and D8PSK optical signals are achieved simultaneously by simulation. Detailed theoretical analysis and simulation results are conducted to verify the feasibility of the scheme. The Q factor of the electrical signals and the bit error rate recovered from wavelength and format converted components are approximated to be around 6, and 10−9, which indicates the feasibility of the scheme. For the encrypted signal, the FWM effect of another SOA is utilized to decrypt the encrypted signal, and the encryption function of 10‐Gbaud DQPSK and D8PSK optical signals is also verified.
Dexamethasone therapy and rates of secondary pulmonary and bloodstream infections in critically ill COVID-19 patients

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic. Bacterial superinfections seem to be associated with higher mortality in COVID-19 patients in intensive care units (ICUs). However, details on the prevalence and species distribution of secondary infections are limited. Moreover, the increasing use of dexamethasone may pose an additional risk of superinfections. Methods We performed a single-center retrospective study of the clinical and microbiological characteristics of 154 COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU between March 2020 and January 2021, focusing on bacterial infections, use of antimicrobial agents and dexamethasone therapy. Results The median age was 68 years; 67.5% of the patients were men. Critically ill COVID-19 patients were treated with dexamethasone since July 2020 (second wave), which was not common during the first wave of the pandemic. In the dexamethasone group (n=90, 58.4%), respiratory pathogens were detected more frequently, as were multidrugresistant pathogens. The number of patients with polymicrobial detection of respiratory pathogens was significantly increased (p=0.013). The most frequently detected species were Enterobacterales, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus fumigatus. The rates of bloodstream infections did not differ between the groups. The use of dexamethasone in ICU COVID-19 patients was associated with higher rates of respiratory infectious complications. Conclusions Secondary infections are present in a substantial fraction of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Respiratory pathogens were detectable in the majority of COVID-19 ICU patients. The use of dexamethasone poses a potential risk of secondary pulmonary infections. Infectious complications in patients with dexamethasone therapy could be associated with worse outcomes.
Assessment of the Relationship of Depression With Tobacco and Caffeine Use Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background University students are at a higher risk of using cognitive enhancers and psychoactive substances. Depression is associated with a noticeable decline in academic performance and can increase the risk of substance use. Due to sociopolitical issues, the use of cognitive enhancers and psychoactive substances among Palestinians has spread in the last decade. However, depression among tobacco and caffeine users remains underrecognized and neglected. Methodology A self-administrated questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to assess the association of depression and the use of cognitive enhancers and psychoactive substances among university students at An-Najah National University in 2020. Results The response rate to the questionnaires was 78.8% (n = 1,051; 38.8% males, 61.2% females). The overall prevalence of depression was high (30.6% males, 34.7% females). The prevalence of cigarette smoking (39.2% males, 3.9% females), waterpipe smoking (43.1% males, 21.6% females), energy drink consumption (59.6% males, 29.7% females), coffee consumption (85.5% for each gender), tea consumption, and chocolate consumption was high, with significant differences in accordance to gender and academic fields. The multinomial logistic regression results revealed that cigarette smokers were more likely to have a higher risk of severe (odds ratio [OR] = 4.5, p = 0.001), moderate (OR = 3.27, p < 0.001), and mild depression (OR = 2.24, p = 0.002) than non-smokers. Severe depression was less prevalent among medical students than health sciences and non-medical students (OR = 0.215, p = 0.015). Moreover, males were less likely to have moderate (OR = 0.5, p = 0.012) and mild (OR = 0.48, p = 0.001) depression than females. Conclusions Overall, the results of this study revealed the high prevalence of depression and the detrimental effects of smoking on students. Moreover, the findings suggest the urgent need to address depression and risk factors among Palestinian university students by educating them about mental health, identifying high-risk students, and offering easily accessible psychological help. Further, it is crucial to broaden the focus of studies to include students from various academic fields instead of focusing on medical students.
Targeting Folate Metabolism Is Selectively Cytotoxic to Glioma Stem Cells and Effectively Cooperates with Differentiation Therapy to Eliminate Tumor-Initiating Cells in Glioma Xenografts

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest of all human cancers. Developing therapies targeting GBM cancer stem cells or glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are deemed responsible for the malignancy of GBM due to their therapy resistance and tumor-initiating capacity, is considered key to improving the dismal prognosis of GBM patients. In this study, we found that folate antagonists, such as methotrexate (MTX) and pemetrexed, are selectively cytotoxic to GSCs, but not to their differentiated counterparts, normal fibroblasts, or neural stem cells in vitro, and that the high sensitivity of GCSs to anti-folates may be due to the increased expression of RFC-1/SLC19A1, the reduced folate carrier that transports MTX into cells, in GSCs. Of note, in an in vivo serial transplantation model, MTX alone failed to exhibit anti-GSC effects but promoted the anti-GSC effects of CEP1347, an inducer of GSC differentiation. This suggests that folate metabolism, which plays an essential role specifically in GSCs, is a promising target of anti-GSC therapy, and that the combination of cytotoxic and differentiation therapies may be a novel and promising approach to effectively eliminate cancer stem cells.
The Role of Nrf2 in Skeletal Muscle on Exercise Capacity

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 Nfe2l2 (Nrf2) is believed to play a crucial role in protecting cells against oxidative stress. In addition to its primary function of maintaining redox homeostasis, there is emerging evidence that Nrf2 is also involved in energy metabolism. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of Nrf2 in skeletal muscle metabolism from the perspective of exercise physiology. This article is part of a special issue “Mitochondrial Function, Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species and Skeletal Muscle” edited by Håkan Westerblad and Takashi Yamada.
Applications of Microbial Communities for the Remediation of Industrial and Mining Toxic Metal Waste: A Review

Abstract The increased amount of heavy metal pollution, due to rapid urbanization is one of the main reasons for ecosystem degradation. The sewer systems of industries, as well as the mining grounds, are the potential sources of toxic heavy metals. Broad application of mutagenic metals in different industrial processes results in their bioaccumulation in the soil ecosystem. The primary metal wastes are mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, cyanide, chromium, etc. Long-term exposure to even the low concentration of metals induces multiple health hazards and organ failure. The safe removal or treatment of wastes is crucial as many approaches might lead to the generation of harmful by-products or incomplete transformation of toxic metals. Therefore, eco-friendly biodegradation of toxic metals administrating efficient bioleachers is generally preferred. However, the activity of the microbes depends on their ability to tolerate large content of metals, and the use of metal-tolerant microbes found in nature is the simplest and biogenic way of degrading the metal contaminants of industries such as mining, manufacturing, textile, petroleum, plastics, etc. Microbial remediation includes the following mechanisms; surface absorption, bioleaching, transformation to less toxic products, biomineralization, and bioaccumulation. The objective of this review is to describe the industrial production and environmental occurrence of carcinogenic metals, highlight the role of the bioleachers in the decontamination process, harmful effects of toxic metals, and microbial bioleaching mechanism.
A study on Vulvovaginal candidiasis among non-pregnant women

Introduction: Candida species are opportunistic pathogens which cause a wide variety of infections in humans ranging from trivial intertriginous infection to fatal candidemia. Vulvo vaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an acute inﬂammatory disease and a frequent reason for gynaecological consultations. The present study aimed at determining prevalence of Candida species from VVC and to speciate isolated Candida with antifungal susceptibility profile among non pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted over a period of six monthsin the department of microbiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology. Swabs collected from patients were subjected to microscopy (Gram s stain) and culture on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. Species level was identified by using chrome agar. Antifungal susceptibility testing: Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by NCCLS M44-A Disc diffusion method. Results: A total of 209 high vaginal swabs were collected from non pregnant women. 71 patients high vaginal swabs yielded growth of Candida species and accounted for 33.97%. Most commonly isolated species were Candida albicans 31 (43.66%) followed by Candida tropicalis 27(38.03%) and Candida glabrata 13 (18.31%). All species were found to be susceptible to Amphotericin B. Among commonly used antifungals, clotrimazole was found to be most susceptible. But, C.glabrata species was least susceptible to frequently used antifungals. Conclusion: Candida albicans was the most commonly isolated species. CHRO Magar is rapid, technically simple and cost effective compared to time consuming technically demanding expensive conventional methods. Performing antifungal susceptibility is useful in choosing appropriate antifungal in treating vulvo vaginal candidiasis.
A Study Of Spectators Perception About The Women Objectification In Commercials Of Pakistani Electronic Media

The Western media has conducted extensive research on the objectification of women and has now become an established research field for feminist scholars. However, in Pakistan, the representation of women in television advertising and their objectification has received little attention. This research paper tries to describe the point of view of the spectators in contrast to the women objectification in TVCs. Survey research technique has been applied for the examining the views of 200 respondents of the survey and were classified based on gender. Usually, the advertisers use women as the marketing object to attract the attention of the consumers . The study reveals that women are portrayed as sex object for sexual satisfaction due to male chauvinist society. This study concludes that portrayal of women in advertisements is objectified sexually and uses women as commodity to capture the consumers. Overall evidence of female portrayal as a sex object is found in television commercials in Pakistani media and these commercials do not reflect culture and traditions of Pakistan.
Explaining and avoiding failures modes in goal-directed generation

Despite growing interest and success in automated in-silico molecular design, doubts remain regarding the ability of goal-directed generation algorithms to perform unbiased exploration of novel chemical spaces. A specific phenomenon has recently been highlighted: goal-directed generation guided with machine learning models produce molecules with high scores according to the optimization model, but low scores according to control models, even when trained on the same data distribution and the same target. In this work, we show that this worrisome behavior is actually due to issues with the predictive models and not the goal-directed generation algorithms. We show that with appropriate predictive models, this issue can be resolved, and molecules generated have high scores according to both the optimization and the control models.
Remaining Futureproof: Lasting Librarian Roles in Managing Digital Collections

ABSTRACT From the students’ reactions, trainers recognize the changing technological, social, and economic context of library and information science (LIS) and the students’ competence expectations. They incorporate these experiences when updating the training program, and draw important conclusions therefrom regarding the future of libraries and LIS. This is crucial to providing students with a credible vision: where is LIS headed; what is the future library like; what roles will libraries have in the era of artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and data science? It is not enough to deny stereotyped predictions, for example, that robotics may take their jobs. In our study we rely on our experiences from courses on digital collections to refute incorrect assumptions and to introduce the four futureproof attributes of LIS: (1) human creativity remains essential; (2) the professional use of social media is crucial in accessing community knowledge; (3) collaboration competences have lasting value; (4) research-oriented attitude is increasingly important in the librarian profession.
Business Model Innovation and Micro and Small Enterprises’ Performance in Nigeria: Does Entrepreneurial Orientation Mediate?

The critical role of business model innovation (BMI) in a firm's performance has earned increasing attention from scholars and management practitioners in recent years. However, empirical research on how BMI linked business performance is quite skimpy. This study examines the effect of BMI on micro and small enterprises (MSEs) and how entrepreneurship orientation (EO) mediates the relationship. A survey research design is used in this study. Data were obtained from 142 MSEs operating in Ondo State, Nigeria, purposively selected for this study. The results revealed that BMI (β = 0.630; ρ -0.01) had a positive and significant influence on the MSEs' performance. More so, this study found that EO (β = 0.716; ρ -0.01) is positively related to a firm's performance. This study finding revealed a positive and significant link between EO and BMI (β = 0.838; ρ = 0.000). Also, this study showed that EO mediates the relationship between BMI and a firm's performance (EO: β= 0.5740; BMI: β = 0.1281; ρ -0.05). Statistically, the study's findings also exhibited that out of the six constructs used to capture BMI, only two constructs, namely, market opportunities (β=0.193; ρ -0.01) and increment in revenue generation ((β=0.230; ρ -0.01), had positive and significant links with the firm's performance. This study concluded that MSEs in developing economies, especially in sub-Saharan African countries, should integrate BMI and EO activities into their operations to overcome the macerate performance that characterized the Covid 19 pandemic period.
Fungal Metagenome of Chernevaya Taiga Soils: Taxonomic Composition, Differential Abundance and Factors Related to Plant Gigantism

The Chernevaya taiga of Western Siberia is a unique and complex ecosystem, distinguished by the unusually large sizes of herbaceous plants, the reasons for which are poorly understood. Here, we explored the fungal diversity of the Chernevaya taiga soils in the Tomsk regions of Western Siberia in comparison with other soil types. The soil biomes of Chernevaya taiga and the control regions were investigated using Illumina ITS rRNA sequencing, and taxonomic analysis revealed a predominance of fungal phyla in the different soils. These results demonstrate that the fungi of the Chernevaya taiga regions have a higher species diversity (Faith’s PD) vs. the control soils, and the diversity is due more to the sampling sites rather than to the seasons (Bray-Curtis distance). We studied most of the differentially abundant taxa among the soil types, and we annotated the taxa with their ecological guilds and trophic types. Some of the abundant fungal taxa in the summer- and fall-Chernevaya taiga samples belong to the phylum Glomeromycota—arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotrophs, which are known to establish symbiotic relationships and enhance plant growth. Additionally, several OTUs were assigned to novel genera in the Glomeraceae and Claroideoglomeraceae families. Our findings add a potential explanation of the high productivity and plant gigantism in Chernevaya taiga and expand our knowledge of fungal biodiversity.
Governing Precarious Immigrant Workers in Rural Localities: Emerging Local Migration Regimes in Portugal

Over the last decades, the globalization of the food and agriculture sector has fueled international labor migration to rural areas in Southern Europe. Portugal is no exception to this trend, as the intensification of foreign investment in agriculture combined with a declining and ageing workforce created a demand for flexible immigrant labor. The Eastern European and Asian immigrant workers who answered the industry’s call were confronted with poor working conditions and lacking access to public services. In this article, we zoom in on the governance challenge that the presence of precarious immigrant workers (PIWs) poses to rural municipalities in the south of Portugal. The burgeoning literature on local integration policies mainly focuses on how cities deal with the challenge posed by international labor migration. This article draws on a detailed case study of the municipality of Odemira to argue that more attention needs to be paid to emerging local migration regimes in non-urban localities. By adopting a regime-theoretical approach, we study how power relations between the local government, civil society, and the private sector play out around the question of immigrant reception. Our study suggests that immigration policies in rural localities are increasingly being developed through cooperation and coproduction between public and private actors. First, we demonstrate how the presence of PIWs is perceived as a policy “problem” by each actor. Second, we outline how a governing coalition formed around the shared concern to improve arrival infrastructures, stimulate integration, mediate socio-cultural impact, and accommodate business interests. We conclude by critically questioning the impact that emerging local migration regimes have on the rights and social position of PIWs in rural contexts.
Comparison of caesarean section rate and maternal complications in elective induction versus spontaneous labor

Background: Elective induction of labor is defined as an initiation of labor, either by mechanical or pharmacological means at a time earlier than nature regardless of a medical or obstetric indication. Objectives were to estimate the proportion of caesarean sections and vaginal deliveries and magnitude of maternal complications following elective induction and spontaneous labor.Methods: The study entitled “comparison of caesarean section rate and maternal complications in elective induction versus spontaneous labor in LD Hospital, Kashmir” was a hospital based observational study, conducted in the Postgraduate Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LallaDed Hospital of Government Medical College, Srinagar over a period of one and a half years.Results: Women in induced labor group had slightly increased risk of caesarean section than those in spontaneous group. Fetal distress was the most common indication for caesarean section in both the groups. There was no difference in both groups regarding maternal complications such as perineal lacerations; postpartum hemorrhage (PPH); need for blood transfusions and post partum hospital stay.Conclusions: Though induction of labor is associated with a slight increased risk of caesarean delivery, it is not related to other maternal complications. Therefore inductions are safe in hands of safe obstetricians.
The Role of the Internet Technology in the Employment Structural Transformation under Background of “Internet Plus” in China

This paper investigates the role of the internet technology in explaining the process of employment structural transformation under background of “Internet Plus” in China. We develop an employment structural transformation model which is impacted by the substitution effect and pervasiveness effect of internet technology, and show that the sectoral reallocation of employment out of agriculture and manufacturing into services when the substitution between manufacturing and service goods is too elastic and the internet technology penetration to total factor productivity of services is greater than the penetration of manufacturing. Our further empirical analysis confirms the conclusion deduced by the model. These results verify the “Internet Plus” plan can promote the productivity and accelerate the employment structural transformation and upgrading in China.