Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF HARVESTING TIME ON GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME RICE CULTIVARS AT DIFFERENT STORAGE PERIODS

The field experiments were conducted at The Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt during 2018 and 2019 seasons to investigate the effect of harvest time on grain yield and its attributes as well as grain quality characteristics of some rice cultivars at different storage periods. The experiments were laid out in a split-plot design, with three replications. The main plots were devoted to harvest time i.e. harvest after 7, 14, and 21-day after irrigation cut-off (DAIC). However, the sub-plots were assigned to rice cultivars (Sakha106, Sakha107 and Sakha 108). The grain quality characteristics were studied at 6, 9 and 12-month after harvesting. Delaying the harvest date to 21-DAIC lead to a significant decrease in number of filled and unfilled grains/panicle, panicle weight and grain yield compared with 7- and 14-DAIC. The inverse was true in 1000-grain weight. Sakha 108 was superior to Sakha 106 and Sakha 107 in grain yield and its attributes. The highest grain yield was obtained from Sakha 108 at harvest time of 14-DAIC. Moisture content, hulling, milling and head rice percentages were gradually decreased by increasing storage period from 6 to 9 and 12-month. The inverse was found in amylose, elongation percentages and gelatinization temperature (GT). The intermediate harvest time 14-DIAC registered the highest values of all grain quality characteristics. Sakha 108 registered the lowest moisture content and the highest values of other grain quality. Generally, Sakha 108 harvested at 14-DAIC achieved the highest grain yield and quality at the 9-month storage period.
Young Children’s Learning about Hunger and Satiety through the Lens of the Norms of Those Who Feed Them

This article focuses on parental perceptions of signs of hunger and satiety in children under 4 years of age and their effects on feeding practices, in a sample of parents of children with typical development. Discourse analysis shows the close relationships between social food norms, nutritional norms, medicalized child care norms, and educational norms in adults’ determination of children’s appetites according to their perceived needs and psychomotor development. The results also indicate how these norms are expressed according to social position, parental experience and context. More broadly, this article addresses top-down education—from adults to children—in food socialization, and points to the varying attention paid to the signals given by the child. It thus highlights some of the processes by which biological, psychological and social factors interact in socializing children to food.
Recovery Capacity of Small Nonprofits in Post-2017 Hurricane Puerto Rico

Abstract Problem, research strategy, and findings Although planners today generally agree that nonprofits should be involved in postdisaster recovery planning, they lack insight into the capacity of nonprofits to be engaged in recovery and whether this capacity differs by organization type. This could lead to the marginalization of small nonprofits in planning, affecting social capital formation and the sustainability of recovery plans. Using data from field research and a survey of registered nonprofits in Puerto Rico after the 2017 Hurricanes Maria and Irma, we compared the recovery capacity of small versus medium/large nonprofits. Our study shows that small nonprofits experienced lower levels of operational impact than medium/large ones but also reported lower levels of postdisaster grant funding and attended fewer postdisaster networking events and workshops. Our study also shows that small nonprofits desire additional training and technical assistance to engage with broader recovery institutions. Planners can help by providing such training and promoting networking between small and larger organizations to encourage institutional learning. Takeaway for practice Community-based recovery planning benefits from engaging with small nonprofits because they typically have greater connection and interest in local matters. Our study shows that small nonprofits may not have the capacity to engage in recovery despite wanting to do so. Planners can help small nonprofits to be better engaged in recovery by helping to build their capacity through pre-event training in disaster recovery, facilitating pre- and postdisaster workshops on recovery financing, and facilitating pre- and postdisaster networking.
Applying UTAUT in Predicting ESL Lecturers Intention to Use Flipped Learning

Flipped learning empowers learners to take an engaging role in learning while educators assist the learning process. The employment of flipped learning has been confirmed to enhance the teaching and learning of English as a second language in previous studies. This study aimed to explore the application of the unified theory of technology acceptance and use of technology towards ESL lecturers’ intention to use flipped learning. This study used a quantitative research framework where a set of online questionnaires was used in collecting the data. A total of 206 English as a second language lecturers from four different universities participated in this study. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The result of this study indicates that only social influence is significant in predicting English as a second language lecturers’ intention to use the flipped learning approach. Furthermore, this study enriches the literature on 21st century education and the integration of technology in teaching and learning. In addition, this study could help educators and stakeholders in adapting or enhancing the flipped learning approach by distinguishing the distinct predictors of technology acceptance.
The Future We Want: A Learning Experience to Promote SDGs in Higher Education from the United Nations and University of Valencia

This article shares the strategy for mainstreaming the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the University of Valencia (UV), which, although limited in its scale, may compel other Higher Education Institutions to think in technological and social progress aligned with the 2030 Agenda. It explicates a process driven by the UV, on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the United Nations (UN), and in collaboration with the Service for Geospatial, Information, and Telecommunications Technologies from the UN Support Base in Valencia (Spain) to prepare the online event: “The United Nations We Want”. It was the culmination of a collaborative project between students and faculties from different scientific, technological, social, legal, humanistic, and health disciplines that structure the University of Valencia. The intention was that new generations experience the role they can have to shape the future we want, while the university community as a whole can become part of transformative institutional change that draws on both top-down and bottom-up strategies in pursuit of Education for Sustainable Development.
Microstructural SEM/STEM Analysis of Ni70Ga30 and Ni70Sn30 Catalytically Active Intermetallic Ribbons after Prolonged Exposure to Elevated Process Temperature

Abstract Melt-spun Ni70Ga30 and Ni70Sn30 monolithic catalysts, when subjected to prolonged oxidation in air at 770 K, undergo different microstructural changes. Whereas Ni70Ga30 is largely stable and composed of Ni3Ga phase, the Ni70Sn30 develops a two-layer microstructure on the exposed ribbon surface. The two-layer structure consists of a Ni-rich zone, which is founded on a SnO2 sublayer. In the bulk, the Ni70Sn30 ribbon is heterogeneous in phase composition and comprises of Ni3Sn and Ni3Sn2 phases. The development of Ni particulates on the outer ribbon surface, through simple oxidation heat treatment, may thus be a way for improving the catalytic performance of Ni70Sn30 ribbons, resembling that of Ni3Al ribbons spontaneously activated under reaction conditions.
Impacts of Phase-Locked Loop and Reactive Power Control on Inertia Provision by DFIG Wind Turbine

This paper evaluates the impacts of the phase-locked loop (PLL) and reactive power control (RPC) on the inertia provision of DFIG wind turbine (WT), by taking a wide range of system loading conditions (i.e., from the reactive injection to absorption) into consideration. First, a linearized model is developed for DFIG WT to describe the motion of its internal voltage phase, and the derived motion equation provides a way for analytical estimation on DFIG WT’s inertia provision. After formulating the equivalent inertia, it is then used to conduct a character study on the equivalent inertia subject to different PLL and RPC settings. In this course, the loading condition of DFIG WT changes from the reactive injection to absorption to give a systematic study. Finally, the theoretical outcomes are validated by the simulations on a modified 3-machine, 9-node test system.
Expressions of Doubt in Online News Discussions

Online discussions about politics and current events play a growing role in public life, and they can foster positive outcomes (e.g., civic engagement and political participation) and negative outcomes (e.g., hostility and polarization). The present research examines how the use of doubtful (vs. confident) language influences behavior in online discussions of current events. We examine the effects of doubtful language on comment popularity (i.e., recommendations from other users) and the use of emotional language in subsequent replies. We examine data from 1.9 million user comments from the New York Times website. Comments containing doubtful language were less popular, receiving fewer user recommendations. Additionally, replies to doubtful comments were less emotional (containing fewer positive emotions and fewer negative emotions). These results suggest that although doubtful authors are less likely to be recommended by other users, they may play an important role in helping to foster civility in online discussions.
Sublethal enteroviral infection exacerbates disease progression in an ALS mouse model

Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of the motor neuron system associated with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Infection with enteroviruses, including poliovirus and coxsackievirus, such as coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), has been proposed as a possible causal/risk factor for ALS due to the evidence that enteroviruses can target motor neurons and establish a persistent infection in the central nervous system (CNS), and recent findings that enteroviral infection-induced molecular and pathological phenotypes closely resemble ALS. However, a causal relationship has not yet been affirmed. Methods Wild-type C57BL/6J and G85R mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1 G85R ) ALS mice were intracerebroventricularly infected with a sublethal dose of CVB3 or sham-infected. For a subset of mice, ribavirin (a broad-spectrum anti-RNA viral drug) was given subcutaneously during the acute or chronic stage of infection. Following viral infection, general activity and survival were monitored daily for up to week 60. Starting at week 20 post-infection (PI), motor functions were measured weekly. Mouse brains and/or spinal cords were harvested at day 10, week 20 and week 60 PI for histopathological evaluation of neurotoxicity, immunohistochemical staining of viral protein, neuroinflammatory/immune and ALS pathology markers, and NanoString and RT-qPCR analysis of inflammatory gene expression. Results We found that sublethal infection (mimicking chronic infection) of SOD1 G85R ALS mice with CVB3 resulted in early onset and progressive motor dysfunction, and shortened lifespan, while similar viral infection in C57BL/6J, the background strain of SOD1 G85R mice, did not significantly affect motor function and mortality as compared to mock infection within the timeframe of the current study (60 weeks PI). Furthermore, we showed that CVB3 infection led to a significant increase in proinflammatory gene expression and immune cell infiltration and induced ALS-related pathologies (i.e. , TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology and neuronal damage) in the CNS of both SOD1 G85R and C57BL/6J mice. Finally, we discovered that early (day 1) but not late (day 15) administration of ribavirin could rescue ALS-like neuropathology and symptoms induced by CVB3 infection. Conclusions Our study identifies a new risk factor that contributes to early onset and accelerated progression of ALS and offers opportunities for the development of novel targeted therapies.
The development of Moringa leaves effervescent granules with effervescent agent of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate

Moringa leaves are part of Moringa Oleifera, which have a high antioxidant content, therefore, it is beneficial for overcoming free radicals in the body. Furthermore, the leaves contents have the potential to be developed into a functional drink in the form of effervescent granules. The important aspects influencing the physical characteristics, stability, and acceptability of granule is the type and ratio of the effervescent agent. In this study, citric acid and sodium bicarbonate were used as effervescent agents because they both provide acceptable texture and mouthfeel. This study aimed to develop an effervescent granule formula of Moringa leaves and to optimize the molar ratio of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate as the effervescent agent. Three molar ratios of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate were optimized, namely 1:3.11 (Formulation 1), 1:3 (Formulation 2), and 1:2.93 (Formulation 3). These formulations were developed using the wet granulation method. The results showed effervescent granules of the three formulations exhibited good flowability and uniform particle size distribution. Furthermore, formulation 3 showed better granule flow characteristics than the others. The results after reconstitution showed the granules were quickly dispersed within 207-234 secs, the pH of the preparation ranged between 5.74-5.92 (neutral pH), the viscosity was between 326-333 cps, and exhibited dilatant flow characteristics. Also, the organoleptic and sensory evaluation results showed formulation 3 was the most acceptable in terms of color, taste, aroma, and texture. Based on these findings, it was concluded that formulation 3 which used (citric acid ratio, sodium bicarbonate 1:2.93) was the optimal formulation.
Avoid a Fall or Fly Again: Turning Points of State Fragility

High persistence of state fragility (a fragility trap) suggests the presence of substantial benefits from avoiding a fall into fragility and considerable hurdles to successful exit from fragility. This paper empirically examines the factors that affect the turning points of entering and exiting from state fragility by employing three different approaches: an event study, the synthetic control method, and a logit model. We find that avoiding economic contraction is critical to prevent a country on the brink of fragility from falling into fragility (e.g., among near fragile countries, the probability of entering fragility would rise by 40 percentage points should real GDP per capita growth decline from +2.5 percent to -2.5 percent). Also, strengthening government effectiveness together with increasing political inclusion and maintaining robust economic activity should help make exit from fragility more successful and sustainable. In the current environment (the COVID-19 crisis and its aftermath), the findings suggest the importance of providing well-directed fiscal stimulus with sufficient financing, (subject to appropriate governance safeguards and well-designed policies), and protecting critical socio-economic spending to keep vulnerable countries away from being caught in a fragility trap.
Private hedge fund firms' incentives and performance: Evidence from audited filings

Using an entirely new dataset of audited filings from firms that manage hedge funds, this study examines whether the hedge fund compensation contract aligns managerial incentives and investor interests. Our novel dataset allows us to distinguish between firms focused exclusively on hedge fund management and diversified firms offering products in addition to hedge funds. Our results for compensation data of hedge fund only management firms confirm that compensation increases as assets under management increase, despite increased costs and performance diseconomies of scale. Hedge funds managed by diversified firms have significantly lower performance. A relatively small proportion of the compensation from these firms is generated from hedge funds. The results are consistent with diversified hedge fund firms having weaker alignment between managerial incentives and investment performance.
Attitudes of Young Consumers in Chiang Mai, Thailand toward YouTube Online Video and Audio Advertising

Abstract With the increased use of the Internet, online audio and video are becoming more and more popular. The operating income of those websites providing online audio and video services is mainly from advertising. Therefore, not only advertisers need to care about the importance of the user' attitude toward advertising, but also the providers of online audio-visual service websites should understand it. This study focused on the attitude toward advertising of young consumers in Chiang Mai, Thailand, when they watch online audio-visual videos on YouTube, and explored their buying behaviors. The study found that entertainment, informativeness and credibility had a strong positive correlation with the attitude toward YouTube advertising, while irritability had a negative correlation. Based on the results of the analysis, this study provided future research directions for the academic community and the industry, as well as references for formulating business strategies and future development. JEL classification numbers: M31, M37. Keywords: Online audio-visual services, Attitude toward advertising, Buying behavior.
A Data‐Driven Global Soil Heterotrophic Respiration Dataset and the Drivers of Its Inter‐Annual Variability

Soil heterotrophic respiration (SHR) is important for carbon‐climate feedbacks because of its sensitivity to soil carbon, climatic conditions and nutrient availability. However, available global SHR estimates have either a coarse spatial resolution or rely on simple upscaling formulations. To better quantify the global distribution of SHR and its response to climate variability, we produced a new global SHR data set using Random Forest, up‐scaling 455 point data from the Global Soil Respiration Database (SRDB 4.0) with gridded fields of climatic, edaphic and productivity. We estimated a global total SHR of 46.838. 656.3 Pg C yr−1 over 1985–2013 with a significant increasing trend of 0.03 Pg C yr−2. Among the inputs to generate SHR products, the choice of soil moisture datasets contributes more to the difference among SHR ensemble. Water availability dominates SHR inter‐annual variability (IAV) at the global scale; more precisely, temperature strongly controls the SHR IAV in tropical forests, while water availability dominates in extra‐tropical forest and semi‐arid regions. Our machine‐learning SHR ensemble of data‐driven gridded estimates and outputs from process‐based models (TRENDYv6) shows agreement for a strong association between water variability and SHR IAV at the global scale, but ensemble members exhibit different ecosystem‐level SHR IAV controllers. The important role of water availability in driving SHR suggests both a direct effect limiting decomposition and an indirect effect on litter available from productivity. Considering potential uncertainties remaining in our data‐driven SHR datasets, we call for more scientifically designed SHR observation network and deep‐learning methods making maximum use of observation data.
Genesis of the Neoarchean subduction‐related Taoke Ni–Cu‐(PGE) sulphide deposit in the North China Craton: Constraints from Os–S isotopes and PGE geochemistry

Archean magmatic Ni‐Cu‐[platinum‐group element (PGE)] deposits are very important and mainly associated with komatiitic rocks in intracratonic rift zones throughout the world. However, the Taoke Ni‐Cu‐(PGE) deposit in the North China Craton, which is the oldest (Neoarchean, 2,537 Ma) magmatic sulphide deposit in China, and is genetically related to the subduction zone. The intrusion is predominantly composed of a small ultramafic body (olivine websterite) and a much larger gabbroic body (gabbronorite). Sulphide mineralization is mainly associated with the ultramafic body with average grades of 0.66 wt% Ni, 0.62 wt% Cu and ~1 g/t PGE. Sulphides of the Taoke deposit are characterized by a chalcopyrite + pentlandite + pyrrhotite + millerite assemblage, which hosts variable amounts of platinum‐group minerals. Good correlations are found for Pd versus individual Ir subgroup of platinum‐group elements (IPGEs; i.e., Pd vs. Os, Ir, Ru, and Rh) and for Ir and Pd subgroup of platinum‐group elements (PPGEs; i.e., Ir vs. Pt and Pd), indicating that the PGE contents of immiscible sulphide liquids in the Taoke deposit are mainly controlled by the initial PGE concentrations in the parental magma and R factor (magma/sulphide mass ratio). Based on our calculations, the initial contents of Ir and Pd in the parental magma are estimated to be 0.13 and 5.6 ppb, respectively, suggesting that the parental magma of the Taoke deposit is PGE undepleted. The multiple sulphur isotopes can provide direct indications of the source of sulphur for the Archean intrusion. The γOs(t) values and Archean crustal sulphur (three samples have anomalous Δ33S values <−0.1‰) suggest that the addition of crustal sulphur occurred in the magma. Fractional crystallization and the addition of crustal sulphur are the most likely key factors for sulphide saturation in the Taoke mafic magma.
Diagnosis of brucellosis in sheep and goats raw milk by fast and reliable techniques

Article history: Received August 26, 2020 Accepted January 21, 2021 Available online October 1, 2021 This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of brucellosis in sheep and goats’ raw milk samples by detecting anti-Brucella antibodies and Brucella species at Erbil governorate. A total of 320 raw milk samples (150 sheep milk and 170 goats milk) were irregularly collected from dairy females. The overall occurrence of Brucella antibodies in samples of sheep and goats raw milk was 11.6% and 9.7% according to MRT and indirect ELISA, respectively. Isolation of Brucella (B.) species from samples of raw milk was 7.8%. The isolated species of Brucella were B. melitensis and B. abortus. A noticeable increase in frequency during September to November was observed. In conclusion, brucellosis is still a considerable public health threat in the Erbil. Based on the tests performance, the study recommends MRT in standard observing of brucellosis in milk aggregate farms, centers, and dairy manufactories. Customers are also recommended to adequately pasteurize the milk in order to damage this milk-borne pathogen before ingestion or saleable handling.