Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Praetorian Army in Action: A Critical Assessment of Civil–Military Relations in Turkey

With four successful and three failed coups in less than 60 years, the Turkish military is one of the most interventionist armed forces in the global south. Despite this record, few scholars have analyzed systematically how the military’s political role changed over time. To address this gap, this article examines the evolution of civil–military relations (CMR) in Turkey throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Based on a historical analysis, this article offers a revisionist account for the extant Turkish scholarship and also contributes to the broader literature on CMR. It argues that the military’s guardian status was not clearly defined and that the officer corps differed strongly on major political issues throughout the Cold War. This article also demonstrates that the officer corps was divided into opposite ideological factions and political agendas and enjoyed varying levels of political influence due to frequent purges and conjectural changes.
Burnout, habilidades de comunicación y autoeficacia en los profesionales de urgencias y cuidados críticos

espanolObjetivo: Analizar el nivel y la relacion entre habilidades de comunicacion, autoeficacia percibida y sindrome de Burnout en profesionales de la salud del servicio de urgencias hospitalario y unidad de cuidados criticos de un hospital comarcal. Metodo: Se plantea un estudio observacional y transversal en una muestra de 90 profesionales sanitarios de un Hospital Comarcal, 19 medicos (21,1%), 47 enfermeros (52,2%), 24 auxiliares de enfermeria (26,7%). Se han usado la Escala sobre Habilidades de Comunicacion en Profesionales de la Salud, el Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey y la escala de la Autoeficacia percibida.Resultados: Se obtiene una correlacion negativa entre las diferentes dimensiones de la Escala sobre Habilidades de Comunicacion en Profesionales de la Salud, la realizacion personal en el trabajo del Maslach Burnout Inventory y la autoeficacia percibida con las dimensiones agotamiento emocional y despersonalizacion del Maslach Burnout Inventory. Por otro lado, se observa una correlacion positiva y estadisticamente significativa entre las dimensiones de las habilidades de comunicacion con la dimension realizacion personal en el trabajo del Maslach Burnout Inventory y la autoeficacia percibida.Conclusiones: Las habilidades de comunicacion y la autoeficacia percibida de los profesionales sanitarios en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios y las unidades de cuidados criticos estan relacionadas con un menor agotamiento emocional y despersonalizacion, y una mayor realizacion personal en el trabajo. EnglishAim: To analyze the level and relationship between communication skills, perceived self-efficacy and Burnout syndrome in health professionals from the hospital emergency department and the critical care unit of a regional hospital.Method: An observational and cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 90 health professionals from a Regional Hospital, 19 physicians (21.1%), 47 nurses (52.2%), 24 nursing aides (26.7%). The Communication Skills Scale for Health Professionals, the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey and the Scale of Perceived Self-Efficacy were utilized.Results: A negative correlation was obtained between the different dimensions of the Communication Skills Scale for Health Professionals, the personal accomplishment at work of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the perceived self-efficacy with the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization dimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. On the other hand, a positive and statistically significant correlation was observed between the dimensions of communication skills with the personal accomplishment dimension in the Maslach Burnout Inventory work and the perceived self-efficacy.Conclusions: The communication skills and the perceived self-efficacy of the health professionals in the emergency department and critical care unit are related to less emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and greater personal accomplishment at work.
Conservación poscosecha de tomate de cáscara (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Horm.) con y sin cáliz

El objetivo del trabajo fue observar la influencia del caliz en la vida poscosecha de frutos de tomate de cascara bajo diferentes temperaturas de almacenamiento (4 y 20 °C) con presencia y ausencia del caliz. El diseno experimental fue completamente al azar con estructura factorial 2 x 2. Se determinaron la tasa de respiracion, la produccion de etileno, la acidez titulable, la perdida de peso, los solidos solubles totales, la vitamina C, la firmeza, el color y la clorofila total. Los tratamientos con presencia del caliz tuvieron el mayor contenido de clorofila total, con valores que fluctuaron de 0.147 a 0.161 µg. 100g, a los 0 y 20 dias despues de cosecha (ddc), manteniendo la brillantez, cromaticidad y tonalidad del color sin cambios importantes. Los frutos almacenados a temperatura de 4 °C mantuvieron (P ≤ 0.05) el comportamiento de la firmeza y los solidos solubles, en tanto que los frutos con 20 °C presentaron 5 % de perdida de peso. Asimismo, el contenido de clorofila fue mayor con valores 0.142 y 0.158 µg 100 g, lo que coincidio con lo observado para los componentes de color. Los cambios manifestados en firmeza, perdida de peso, contenido de clorofila y color estuvieron relacionados con las temperaturas de almacenamiento, mas que con la presencia o ausencia del caliz
Snowmelt-Driven Streamflow Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques (LSTM, NARX, GPR, and SVR)

Although machine learning (ML) techniques are increasingly popular in water resource studies, they are not extensively utilized in modeling snowmelt. In this study, we developed a model based on a deep learning long short-term memory (LSTM) for snowmelt-driven discharge modeling in a Himalayan basin. For comparison, we developed the nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model (NARX), Gaussian process regression (GPR), and support vector regression (SVR) models. The snow area derived from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow images along with remotely sensed meteorological products were utilized as inputs to the models. The Gamma test was conducted to determine the appropriate input combination for the models. The shallow LSTM model with a hidden layer achieved superior results than the deeper LSTM models with multiple hidden layers. Out of seven optimizers tested, Adamax proved to be the aptest optimizer for this study. The evaluation of the ML models was done by the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), modified Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE’), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and root-mean-squared error (RMSE). The LSTM model (KGE’ = 0.99) enriched with snow cover input achieved the best results followed by NARX (KGE’ = 0.974), GPR (KGE’ = 0.95), and SVR (KGE’ = 0.949), respectively. The outcome of this study proves the applicability of the ML models, especially the LSTM model, in predicting snowmelt driven discharge in the data-scant mountainous watersheds.
Comparison and Validation of TROPOMI and OMI NO2 Observations over China

The new-generation sensor TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel 5 precursor (S5P) satellite is promising for monitoring air pollutants with greater spatial resolution, especially for China, which suffers from severe pollution. As tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) from TROPOMI have become available since February 2018, this study presents the comparisons of NO2 data measured by TROPOMI and its predecessor Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) over China, together with validation against ground Multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements. At the nationwide scale, we used two different filters performed for the TROPOMI data (named TROPOMI50 and TROPOMI75), and the TROPOMI50 yielded larger values than TROPOMI75. The TROPOMI NO2 datasets from different filters show consistent spatial patterns with OMI, and the correlation coefficient values were both above 0.93. However, linear regression indicates that NO2 loadings in TROPOMI is about 2/3 to 4/5 of those in OMI, which is presumably due to a different cloud mask and uncertainties of air mass factors. The absolute difference is prominent over the high pollution areas such as Jing-Jin-Ji region and during winter and autumn, exceeding 0.6 × 1016 molecules cm−2 (molec cm−2). However, the NO2 concentrations retrieved from TROPOMI50 in the southern China may be somewhat higher than OMI. When it comes to the local-scale Jing-Jin-Ji hotspot, the analysis focuses on a comparison to TROPOMI75. TROPOMI manifests high quality and exhibits a significantly better performance of representing spatial variability. In contrast, OMI shows fewer effective pixels and does a poor job of capturing local details due to its row anomaly and low resolution. The absolute difference between two datasets shows the same seasonal behavior with NO2 variation, which is most striking in the winter (0.31 × 1016 molec cm−2) and is lowest in the summer (0.05 × 1016 molec cm−2). Furthermore, the ground MAX-DOAS instrument in Xianghe station, the representative site in Jing-Jin-Ji, is used to assess the skill of satellite retrievals. It turns out that both OMI and TROPOMI underestimate the observations, ranging from 30% to 50%, with OMI being less biased. In spite of the negative drift, the temporal structures of changes derived from OMI and TROPOMI closely match the ground-based records, since the correlation coefficients are above 0.8 and 0.95 for daily and monthly scales, respectively. Overall, TROPOMI NO2 retrievals are better suited for applications in China as well as the Jing-Jin-Ji hotspot due to its higher spatial resolution, although some improvements are also needed in the near future.
Artificial Neural Network Modeling for Predicting Wood Moisture Content in High Frequency Vacuum Drying Process

The moisture content (MC) control is vital in the wood drying process. The study was based on BP (Back Propagation) neural network algorithm to predict the change of wood MC during the drying process of a high frequency vacuum. The data of real-time online measurement were used to construct the model, the drying time, position of measuring point, and internal temperature and pressure of wood as inputs of BP neural network model. The model structure was 4-6-1 and the decision coefficient R2 and Mean squared error (Mse) of the training sample were 0.974 and 0.07355, respectively, indicating that the neural network model had superb generalization ability. Compared with the experimental measurements, the predicted values conformed to the variation law and size of experimental values, and the error was about 2% and the MC prediction error of measurement points along thickness direction was within 2%. Hence, the BP neural network model could successfully simulate and predict the change of wood MC during the high frequency drying process.
Growth Performance of Lentil by the Effect of Irrigation and Boron Splitting Asfoliar Application

A field experiment was conducted for evaluating the effect of irrigation and boron splitting as foliar spray on growth and yield of lentil at the Research Field of the Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka from November, 2018 to March, 2019.Three levels of irrigation viz., I0: control, I1: one irrigation at 25 days after sowing (DAS), I2: two irrigations at 25 DAS and 40 DAS and boron was applied by four levels viz., B0: control, B1: 80% recommended dose as basal + rest 20% as foliar spray (FS) at pre-flowering (PF), B2: 60% RD as basal + rest 40% as FS at PF, B3: 40% RD as basal + rest 60% as FS at PF. The experiment was fully set up in a split-plot design with three replications. Two irrigations at 25 and 40 DAS result produced that the highest plant length, branches plant-1, leaves plant-1, dry weight plant-1. On the other hand, B3 (40% RD as basal + rest 60% as FS at PF) produced significantly the highest growth of lentil. Result also showed that the highest plant length (27.59 cm), number of branches (5.73) and plant dry matter (4.83 g) recorded from I2B3 combinations. Therefore, the combination of two irrigations at 25 and 40 DAS and boron at 40% RD as basal + rest 60% as foliar spray at pre-flowering might be considered as effective dose for the cultivation of lentil in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(2): 139-150
Huntington’s disease onset is determined by length of uninterrupted CAG, not encoded polyglutamine, and is modified by DNA maintenance mechanisms

The effects of variable, glutamine-encoding, CAA interruptions indicate that a property of the uninterrupted HTT CAG repeat sequence, distinct from huntingtin’s polyglutamine segment, dictates the rate at which HD develops. The timing of onset shows no significant association with HTT cis-eQTLs but is influenced, sometimes in a sex-specific manner, by polymorphic variation at multiple DNA maintenance genes, suggesting that the special onset-determining property of the uninterrupted CAG repeat is a propensity for length instability that leads to its somatic expansion. Additional naturally-occurring genetic modifier loci, defined by GWAS, may influence HD pathogenesis through other mechanisms. These findings have profound implications for the pathogenesis of HD and other repeat diseases and question a fundamental premise of the “polyglutamine disorders”.
First Principle Description of Correlated Transition-Metal Oxides

The general theme of this work is the investigation of strongly correlated materials via a first-principles approach. Tackling such complex systems in this fashion is relatively unusual, and notoriously difficult. We em- ploy the pseudo self-interaction correction local density functional method, PSIC, which removes the spurious self-interaction repulsion present in local or semilocal density functionals (LDA, GGA). PSIC appears to pull off a considerably better performance than local DFT methods in describing correlated materials at the realistic level typical of ab initio methods. It enables us to take on an array of fairly sophisticated problems in a variety of difficult materials unapproachable by semilocal functionals. Those treated in this work include quantum oscillation in underdoped cuprates, the magnetic structure and stability of rocksalt like cupric oxide, the electronic, structural, and magnetic properties of the correlated perovskites YTiO3 and LaTiO3 , the magnetic properties of MnO and NiO under hydrostatic pressure, charge disproportionation in complex oxides, and phase transitions to a low-temperature exotic phase of layered nickel oxide. The work provides important insights on these problems, but more generally it further validates PSIC as a new useful viewpoint on many puzzles in the area of complex correlated materials.
Towards a Tourism and Community-Development Framework: An African Perspective

This article examines the perceptions of local people concerning the potential of tourism to alleviate poverty and bring about community development in the Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. In-depth interviews, direct observations, and informal conversations were used to collect data in the four districts of Manicaland where there were functional community-based tourism (CBT) projects. After establishing a poverty criterion, data were collected from 43 local poor people in the four districts of the case study area. The results show that tourism development in Manicaland brought about community development through social, economic, environmental and cultural benefits. The authors suggest that there are interrelationships between tourism, poverty alleviation and community development. They show these interrelationships through a tourism and community-development framework which they developed based upon the results of the various methods of data collection used in this study.
Effect of Sulfuric Acid Baking and Caustic Digestion on Enhancing the Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from a Refractory Ore

To improve the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from a refractory ore, this study investigated two different chemical decomposition methods, namely sulfuric acid baking and caustic digestion, with their respective leaching processes. The studied lateritic ore contained goethite (FeOOH) as a major constituent with REEs scattered around and forming submicron grains of phosphate minerals, such as apatite and monazite. Therefore, despite the substantially high content of REEs (3.4% total rare earth oxide), the normal acidic leaching efficiency of REEs reached only 60–70%. By introducing sulfuric acid baking and caustic digestion, the REE-leaching efficiency was significantly improved. After sulfuric acid baking at 2.0 acid/solid ratio and 200 °C for 2 h, the leaching efficiency reached 97–100% in the subsequent water-leaching. When the ore was digested with a solid/liquid ratio of 100 g/L in a 30 wt% NaOH solution at 115 °C and 300 rpm for 3 h, the REE-leaching efficiency of 99–100% was attained at 80 °C using a 3.0 M HCl solution. The correlation between the REE and the Fe-leaching was determined. The improvements in REE-leaching in both methods were mostly attributed to the mineral phase and crystallinity changes of Fe-bearing minerals due to the ore pretreatments. Such findings were also supported by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses.
Exploring types of educational classroom talk in early childhood education centres

ABSTRACT Educational classroom talk is beneficial for children’s learning and communicative development (Alexander 2018); however, current research has focused predominantly on classroom talk starting at the primary school level. This study explored types of educational classroom talk between teachers and children as early as in early childhood education (ECE) in the United Arab Emirates. It also examined variations in the occurrence of different types of classroom talk, depending on activities and content areas. Twenty-nine video-recorded and transcribed sessions from 11 ECE classrooms serving three- to four-year-old children were analysed; the analysis was partly theory driven and partly data driven with respect to communicative acts, events, and situations. Four types of educational classroom talk were identified: initiation–response–feedback (IRF), open naming, open informal discussion, and teacher-directed exploration. IRF dominated the interactions across all content areas and activities. More extended exchanges between teachers and children occurred predominantly in small-group activities. No strictly defined educational teacher–student dialogue was found. The study showed variations in educational classroom talk in ECE settings and suggests that there is an urgent need to increase extended educational classroom talk between teachers and children in the early stages of pre-primary education to support children’s development and learning.
In vitro Plant Regeneration of Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.: A Threatened Medicinal Plant

Poor seed germination is the main obstacle for seed propagation of Rauwolfia tetraphylla L. in nature. The high viability (83.1%) of seeds in nature and the presence of viable embryo indicate that viability is not the only reason behind poor seed germination of this valuable medicinal plant. However, to overcome the problem of poor seed propagation, an efficient protocol has been developed for R. tetraphylla. Among the various treatments the maximum rate of ex vitro seed germination (13.33%) was found when the seeds were treated with 100 ppm of GA3. Response of in vitro germination was found to vary under different conditions. Not only that the rate was much higher compared to ex vitro germination. The rate of seed germination was found to be 78% in MS without PGR (plant growth regulator) supplements, while it was 70 and 78% in cotton bed under light and dark, respectively. It was 80% in incubator at 37oC. In R. tetraphylla the hard seed coat is regarded as one of the barriers for germination and it can be easily eliminated by removing the hard seed coat. In vitro raised plantlets were reared in nature following proper acclimatization where they produced flowers as well as seeds. Apart from the said investigation, a method for in vitro shoot formation was also developed. Best response (90.7%) towards in vitro shoot regeneration was obtained from nodal segment when they were cultured on MS supplemented with 2.2 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA. It took about 10-12 days to initiate shoots. About 9.9 ± 0.87 shoots were obtained per explants and their length was recorded as 2.28 ± 0.21 cm after six weeks. Various concentrations of IBA and NAA were used for in vitro root induction, but the in vitro raised shoots did not produce roots. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(1): 33-45, 2020 (June)
Visualization of air-water gas exchange

The mechanisms of air-sea gas transfer are studied in a large annular air-sea interaction facility, the Heidelberg Aeolotron. A novel visualization technique is used, in which an alkaline gas (ammonia) in ppm concentration levels is absorbed into slightly acid water (pH = 4). The concentration gradient in the aqueous mass boundary layer is transformed into a sharp pH gradient, which is made visible by a fluorescent pH indicator (Pyranine). Regulating the gas flux into the water allows controlling the thickness of the fluorescent layer. By observing the fluorescence induced by high power LEDs on a 2D surface patch ((21 x 25) cm²) with a camera from above at 100 fps and a spatial resolution of 150 μm, the processes creating near-surface turbulence can be studied even at a wavy water surface. Results from an extensive set of experiments are presented, covering wind speeds from 0.4 - 8.6 m/s, different concentrations of a soluble surfactant, and waves with limited and unlimited fetch. The fluorescence footprints of different processes known to contribute to gas exchange, e.g. Langmuir circulations and microscale breaking, are identified. It is found that the transition of the Schmidt number exponent, which is essential for the scaling of transfer velocities of different gases, from 2/3 to 1/2 is correlated with the frequency of microscale breaking. Surfactants shift the onset of surface renewal events to higher wind speeds. Direct comparison to simultaneously captured thermal imagery shows that despite the large difference in diffusion coefficients between ammonia and heat by a factor of 100, the transport of both tracers is governed by the same mechanisms.