Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of network architecture in the onset of spontaneous activity

BACKGROUND: The spontaneous activity of neuronal networks has been studied in in vitro models such as brain slices and dissociated cultures. However, a comparison between their dynamical properties in these two types of biological samples is still missing and it would clarify the role of architecture in shaping networks’ operation. METHODS: We used calcium imaging to identify clusters of neurons co-activated in hippocampal and cortical slices, as well as in dissociated neuronal cultures, from GAD67-GFP mice. We used statistical tests, power law fitting and neural modelling to characterize the spontaneous events observed. RESULTS: In slices, we observed intermittency between silent periods, the appearance of Confined Optical Transients (COTs) and of Diffused Optical Transients (DOTs). DOTs in the cortex were preferentially triggered by the activity of neurons located in layer III-IV, poorly coincident with GABAergic neurons. DOTs had a duration of 10.2±0.3 and 8.2±0.4 seconds in cortical and hippocampal slices, respectively, and were blocked by tetrodotoxin, indicating their neuronal origin. The amplitude and duration of DOTs were controlled by NMDA and GABA-A receptors. In dissociated cultures, we observed an increased synchrony in GABAergic neurons and the presence of global synchronous events similar to DOTs, but with a duration shorter than that seen in the native tissues. CONCLUSION: We conclude that DOTs are shaped by the network architecture and by the balance between inhibition and excitation, and that they can be reproduced by network models with a minimal number of parameters.
The Influence Of Destination Brand Communication And Destination Brand Trust Toward Visitor Loyalty Of Marine Tourism In East Java, Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the influence of destination brand communication and destination brand trust on visitor loyalty of marine tourism in East Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 123 respondents who visited beaches around East Java Province. The analysis technique used is quantitative analysis technique with multiple regression analysis that is F test and T test. The result of research proves that destination brand communication has positive influence to visitor loyalty, destination brand trust also has positive influence to visitor loyalty, and destination brand communication and destinatination brand trust simultaneously have a positive influence on visitor loyalty.
Effect of liquid smoke on surface morphology and tensile strength of Sago Fiber

This study aims to identify the effect of liquid smoke treatment on surface morphology and tensile strength of sago fiber (SF), including chemical reactions during the treatment. The proposed study is divided into two steps, fiber treatment and property tests. The first treatment, SF was immersion in the liquid smoke solution for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours, then dried for 1 hour which then characterized SEM, universal machine testing machine, X-Ray diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The acetic acid in liquid smoke reacts with fiber to form fiber-liquid and H2O compounds. The heating process degrades H2O content in fibers and decomposes C and C elements to close together forming strong chemical bonds so that the fiber morphology become rough, porous, grooved and increasing the tensile strength of the fiber. But excessive heating treatment makes fibers more fragile because the H2O elements degrade too low. Dominant percentage of SF crystallization occurred after 4 and 5 hours, 64.7 and 66.9 %, respectively among other durations, a significant increase of tensile strength 50.813 MPa was achieved by 1-hour immersion in liquid smoke. Hence, as alternative to improve the mechanical characteristics of SF, immersion in liquid smoke should be applied. Furthermore, studies of similar treatment on other natural fibers can also be considered in the future.
Neuroprotective effect of against aluminium-induced Gracilaria corticata neurotoxicity in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rat brain: Biochemical and histological approach

Aluminium (Al) is the most abundant metal on the earth curst. The main target for the accumulation of aluminium is the brain thereby leading to neurotoxicity (Yokel and O'Callaghan, 1998). It mainly gets deposited in the hippocampal regions (Roskams and Connor, 1990) and high levels of Al leads to neurofibrillary degeneration (Trapp et al., 1978). Exposure to Al in humans reported to cause cognitive impairment and neurological toxicity (Wills and Savory, 1985; Rifat et al., 1990; Hewitt et al., 1990). Chronic exposure to Al leads to memory impairment and locomotor dysfunction (Kaizer et al., 2008). As aluminium is a non-redox metal, it possess the potential to increase the cellular oxidative damage by increasing the prooxidant properties of metals like iron and copper (Bjertness et al., 1996). This indicates its oxidative potential in producing reactive oxygen species (Amar Jyoti et al., 2006). Al exposure leads to disturbance in the acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity (Moshtaghie, 1999), damage to lipids and proteins (Julka and Gill, 1996). Al accumulation in the brain is implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Demetia in Parkinson's disease (PD) etc (Kurland, 1988). Thus multiple actions of Al leads to the consideration that Al exposed animals can be used as animal model for AD (Gulya et al., 1990).
Analyzing Main and Interaction Effects of Length of Stay Determinants in Emergency Departments

Background: Measuring and understanding main determinants of length of stay (LOS) in emergency departments (EDs) is critical from an operations perspective, since LOS is one of the main performance indicators of ED operations. Therefore, this study analyzes both the main and interaction effects of four widely-used independent determinants of ED-LOS. Methods: The analysis was conducted using secondary data from an ED of a large urban hospital in Izmir, Turkey. Between-subject factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the main and interaction effects of the corresponding factors. P values <. 05 were considered statistically significant. Results: While the main effect of gender was insignificant, age, mode of arrival, and clinical acuity had significant effects, whereby ED-LOS was significantly higher for the elderly, those arriving by ambulance, and clinically-categorized high-acuity patients. Additionally, there was an interaction between the age and clinical acuity in that, while ED-LOS increased with age for high acuity patients, the opposite trend occurred for low acuity patients. When ED-LOS was modeled using gender, age, and mode of arrival, there was a significant interaction between age and mode of arrival. However, this interaction was not significant when the model included age, mode of arrival, and clinical acuity. Conclusion: Significant interactions exist between commonly used ED-LOS determinants. Therefore, interaction effects should be considered in analyzing and modelling ED-LOS.
Prevalence and Predisposing Factors of Compartment Syndrome among Patients with Lower Limb Fracture at Assiut University Hospital

Compartment syndrome is a painful condition that most often occurs following trauma. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence and predisposing factors of compartment syndrome among traumatic patients at Assiut University Hospital. Subjects and Method: This study was carried out in trauma unit at Assiut University Hospital. The study sample consisted of all patients with lower limb fractures admitted to trauma unit within 6 months period. The following tools were utilized for data collection: first tool "Patient's interview questionnaire ", second tool "Patients' assessment for the presence of compartment syndrome", third tool "Patients' assessment of risk factors sheet. Results: incidence of compartment syndrome among traumatic patients at Assiut University Hospital over six months period was 15 patients out of 217 lower limb fractured patients 6.9%. Regarding the predisposing factors, the highest percentage (53.3%) was related to crushing injury. Conclusion: The incidence of acute lower extremity compartment syndrome at Assiut University Hospital was 6.9%. High energy injuries such as road traffic accidents and fall from height as well as gun-shot injuries are the most predominant precursors for lower extremity compartment syndrome. Recommendations: Monitoring of intra compartmental pressure for patients having risk factor for developing compartment syndrome should be considered to allow for early detection and management.
Motivational Factors to Learn English among University Students in An Urban Area

Motivation can be considered as one of influential factors in foreign language (FL) learning as it helps to sustain learner’s interest during long and tedious learning process of FL. According to Deci and Ryan (2000), motivation can be categorized into two types; intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The present study aims to investigate intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors of a group of university students in an urban area to learn English. The present study applied a mixed method approach by administering a set of questionnaires and interviews. In addition to a
Physical activity intensity, bout-duration, and cardiometabolic risk markers in children and adolescents.

Objectives: To determine the role of physical activity intensity and bout-duration in modulating associations between physical activity and cardiometabolic risk markers. Methods: A cross-sectional study using the International Children ’ s Accelerometry Database (ICAD) including 38,306 observations (in 29,734 individuals aged 4 – 18 years). Accelerometry data was summarized as time accumulated in 16 combinations of intensity thresholds ( ≥ 500 to ≥ 3000 counts/min) and bout-durations ( ≥ 1 to ≥ 10 min). Outcomes were body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ), waist circumference, biochemical markers, blood pressure, and a composite score of these metabolic markers. A second composite score excluded the adiposity component. Linear mixed models were applied to elucidate the associations and expressed per 10 min difference in daily activity above the intensity/bout-duration combination. Estimates (and variance) from each of the 16 combinations of intensity and bout-duration examined in the linear mixed models were analyzed in meta-regression to investigate trends in the association. Results: Each 10 min positive difference in physical activity was signi ﬁ cantly and inversely associated with the risk factors irrespective of the combination of intensity and bout-duration. In meta-regression, each 1000 counts/min increase in intensity threshold was associated with a − 0.027 (95% CI: − 0.039 to − 0.014) standard deviations lower composite risk score, and a − 0.064 (95% CI: − 0.09 to − 0.038) kg/m 2 lower BMI. Conversely, meta-regression suggested bout-duration was not signi ﬁ cantly associated with effect-sizes (per 1 min increase in bout-duration: − 0.002 (95% CI: − 0.005 to 0.0005) standard deviations for the composite risk score, and − 0.005 (95% CI: − 0.012 to 0.002) kg/m 2 for BMI). Conclusions: Time spent at higher intensity physical activity was the main determinant of variation in cardiometabolic risk factors, not bout-duration. Greater magnitude of associations was consistently observed with higher intensities. These results suggest that, in children and adolescents, physical activity, preferably at higher intensities, of any bout-duration should be promoted.
Trachoma and Associated Factors among School Age Children 4-9 Years in Dire Dawa Administration, Eastern Ethiopia

Background: Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. It greatly affects children particularly young children in developing countries. However, there is a paucity of information in Dire Dawa Administration. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of trachoma and its associated factors among school children aged 4-9 years in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: School-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 15-30, 2019 in Dire Dawa Administration. A total of 823 school children aged 4-9 years were examined to identify clinical signs of trachoma. Multistage stratified sampling techniques were used to select the study participants. The data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and observation check list. Data analysis were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 25. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the predictors of trachoma. Statistical significance was considered at a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of trachoma was 4.3% (95% CI: 2.9, 5.7), of which 74.3% had Trachomatous inflammation – Follicular, and 25.7% had Trachomatous inflammation- Intense. Family size >5 (AOR=2.24; 95 % CI: 1.53, 8.53), presence of more than 3 school children in the household (AOR=3.30; 95 % CI: 1.37, 5.94), family monthly income 10 meters away from the main house (AOR=6.11; 95% CI: 2.41, 11.46) were the factors significantly associated with trachoma. Conclusion: This study revealed that school children aged 4-9 years old were affected by Trachoma. Therefore, it is very crucial to implement the SAFE strategy components, particularly focusing on facial hygiene and environmental sanitation improvement to reduce the problem. Keywords: Associated Factor; Children Aged 4-9 Years, Dire Dawa; Prevalence; Trachoma.
Infrastructural distribution of healthcare services in Nigeria: An overview

Discussions of health-care infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa in general and in Nigeria in particular have recognized the existence of different types and practices. This paper examines the biomedical or western orthodox healthcare with its expansive bureaucratic ethos within the context of hospital structures in Nigeria. The study observed that from the colonial period, the distribution of medical care delivery in Nigeria has favoured the urban population at the expense of the rural settlers and that the health services in the country has tended to be placed specifically on three pedestals of primary, secondary and tertiary health institutions for rural, mixed population and urban elite respectively. Also, in terms of infrastructural distribution of healthcare, the rural areas (that is, the rural majority) in Nigeria are being neglected to satisfy the urban areas, where the educated, the rich and government functionaries reside. The paper therefore suggests the need to redistribute the provision of this infrastructure to benefit all, irrespective of where they live. Key words: Healthcare delivery, health infrastructure, public health, equity.
The Effect of Training Condition and Working Memory on Second Language Development of a Complex Form: The Spanish Subjunctive

An important issue in second language (L2) acquisition is understanding the best conditions for the development of particular L2 forms. Additionally, it is important to know whether the benefits of certain conditions vary among learners based on individual differences. A large body of research has examined the benefits of learning under explicit or implicit conditions, and different meta-analyses of this research suggest that although implicit conditions lead to development, explicit conditions generally lead to more development (Goo, Granena, Yimaz & Novella, 2015; Norris & Ortega, 2000; Spada & Tomita, 2010). However, methodological limitations in the body of empirical research have not yet been fully addressed (Doughty, 2003; Sanz & Morgan-Short, 2005). In addition, there has been a call for investigations into the interaction between training conditions and individual differences (DeKeyser, 2012; Sanz, 2005), as well as more research with complex L2 forms (Housen & Simoens, 2016). The current study addresses these issues by extending Fernández (2008) who found benefits for the provision of grammatical information in a processing instruction (explicit) condition as compared to a structured input (implicit) condition for L2 development of the Spanish subjunctive (a complex form). However, it was beyond the purposes of that study to examine performance on posttests or to examine individual differences. Below we provide a brief review of the literature in order to motivate our study that examines the effects of explicit and implicit conditions on the development of a complex L2 form and how development may vary based on individual differences in working memory.
Flapless Ridge Splitting Technique with Platelet Rich Fibrin for Immediate Implant Placement in Atrophic Alveolar Ridge

AbstractPurpose: this study was conducted between 2016 and 2019 at the faculty of dentistry Al-Azhar University Girls branch aimed to improve alveolar ridge dimensions for immediate Implant placement in cases with atrophic alveolar ridge. Material and methods: six patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected from the out-patient clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University (Girl's Branch). Fabrication of two computer guided stents used to guide flapless ridge splitting using piezoelectric device . After ridge splitting, all patients had simultaneous implant and PRF placement followed by clinically and radiographically over a period of 6 months. Results: was found to have successfully osseointegrated both clinically and radio-graphically. The Implant deviation from the pre-planned virtual implant position was as well found to be within an acceptable range. Conclusion : computer guided Flapless ridge splitting with PRF and immediate implant placement is an innovative , less invasive , a traumatic , predictable technique .
PROPORTION OF HEPATITIS A AND E AMONG CHIDREN WITH ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIFFERENCES IN THEIR CLINICO-BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS: A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY

Pooja Semwal1, Avinash Gandhi1, Raj Kumar Gupta2, Shailja Vajpayee3 From 1Junior Resident, 2Professor, 3Senior Resident, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sawai Man Singh Medical College Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Correspondence to: Dr. Raj Kumar Gupta, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sawai Man Singh Medical College Jaipur, India. E-mail: rkguptadr@hotmail.com Received 15 October 2019 Initial Review 01 November 2019 Accepted 21 November 2019
Performance Prediction of Compressible Two-Phase Flow through Ejectors

The objective of present work is to investigate theoretically the performance of two-phase flow (gas-liquid) through ejectors. The numerical investigation is based on non-homogeneous, (liquid and vapor velocities are not equal), non-equilibrium (liquid and vapor temperatures are not equal),two-fluid model, (Eulerian-Eulerian), conservation equations governing steady, two–dimensional (axisymmetric), turbulent, compressible, and parabolic two-phase flow. These equations are namely continuity, momentum, and energy. These equations are solved iteratively using control volume method with Prandtl’s mixing length as a turbulence model. Mass and heat transfer between the liquid and vapor phases are considered. Wall function is used instead of using very fine grid near the wall. The coordinates system is converted to bodyfitted coordinates. Refrigerant 134a is used as a working fluid. The Modified Benedict-Webb-Rubin (MBWR) equation of state is used to represent compressibility. The presented model is validated against previously published data in literature. The validation showed reasonable agreement. Effects of changes in geometry and operating conditions on ejector performance are investigated. Moreover, effects of certain parameters on ejector efficiency are presented showing that, for maximum efficiency both geometrical and operational parameters must be carefully selected. Overall, the results lead to useful information for ejector optimum design and prediction of the ejector behavior and performance.
University of Birmingham The Politics-Bureaucracy Interface in Developing Countries

The political-bureaucratic interface has been the subject of much academic interest. However, research has tended to focus exclusively on wealthy institutionalized democracies, with little attention given to the political-administrative relationship in developing countries. Evidence on reform processes in poorer nations increasingly points to the importance of interactions between politicians and bureaucrats. Drawing on this work, this paper provides a systematic overview of the political-bureaucratic relationship in developing countries. The paper makes two contributions. First, it introduces a typology of political-bureaucratic relations based on four models – collaborative, collusive, intrusive, and integrated – and discusses examples of each. Second, it analyses the main factors associated with different models of politicaladministrative relations, and considers how countries can move from one model of relations to another. The paper, therefore, provides a much needed entry point for scholars and development policymakers to better understanding the relationship between politicians and bureaucrats in developing countries.
Comparing Apple and Pear Phenology and Model Performance: What Seven Decades of Observations Reveal

Based on observations for the beginning of the flowering stage of Malus domestica (apple) and Pyrus communis (pear) for the 1950–2018 period, phenological trends in north-eastern Belgium were investigated in function of temperatures during dormancy. Moreover, two different phenological models were adapted and evaluated. Median flowering dates of apple were on average 9.5 days earlier following warm dormancy periods, and 11.5 days for pear, but the relationship between bloom date and temperature was found not to be linear, suggesting delayed fulfilment of dormancy requirements due to increased temperatures during the chilling period. After warm chilling periods, an average delay of 5.0 and 10.6 days in the occurrence date of dormancy break was predicted by the phenological models while the PLSR reveals mixed signals regarding the beginning of flowering. Our results suggest overlapping chilling and forcing processes in a transition phase. Regarding the beginning of flowering, a dynamic chill model coupled to a growing degree days estimation yielded significantly lower prediction errors (on average 5.0 days) than a continuous chill-forcing model (6.0 days), at 99% confidence level. Model performance was sensitive to the applied parametrization method and limitations for the application of both models outside the past temperature ranges became apparent.
INDUSTRY 4.0: REQUIRED PERSONNEL COMPETENCES

The rise of Industry 4.0 and of smart factories along with all enabling technologies such as cloud computing, Internet of Things, multi agent systems, cyber physical systems, artificial intelligence, etc. will transform current factory workers to knowledge workers. Hard work and routine tasks will be executed by machines or robots, while tasks requiring experience, intuition, creativity or decisions making based on uncertainty will still reside to humans. This constitutes a huge shift on the required competences. Further, this change is transforming manufacturing to a software intense business, where software development and operation is a core part of the manufacturing process, but as well as of the products being manufactured either as a standalone component or as a part of a larger product or service. The need is prominent, since we need urgently to study the knowledge and competences needed for manufacturing personnel of the near future. In this paper, we present an initial competence model where will outline the knowledge dimensions and skills needed for Industry 4.0. This model can be used to create training proposal individuals or for assessing the knowledge gaps existing in an enterprise. The identified skills are classified as technical, behavioral and contextual.