Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of intensity of utilization of Baobab products in Kenya

Abstract Baobab tree is central to livelihoods of majority of rural communities living in marginal areas of Kenya in the wake of climate change, low agriculture productivity and falling food security. This study examined factors influencing intensity of utilization of baobab products in Kenya. Data on socio-economic, demographic characteristics, and attitude toward baobab pulp were collected from 353 consumers in rural and urban markets. Descriptive were used to describe consumer characteristics. Zero-truncated Poisson regression was used to analyze factors influencing intensity of utilization of baobab products. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the attitudes of consumers toward baobab pulp. The model results revealed that education level (p < 0.01) and household size (p < 0.01) negatively influenced the intensity of utilization, while years of product usage (p < 0.01), and awareness level (p < 0.01) had a positive influence. Exploratory factor analysis generated four factors that explained 61.16% of the total explained variance. “Availability, affordability, and income value” factor had the highest factor loading in the analysis, while “Trust and nutritive value” factor had the second highest loading. The study findings recommend strategies that could promote baobab utilization. This include; ensuring that baobab products are available, accessible, and affordable. Likewise, sustained product packaging, certification, and labeling are essential. Other promotional approaches include community nutritional training and information dissemination through both formal and informal education.
THE ROLE OF EMPLOYEE INCENTIVES AND MOTIVATION ON ORGANISATIONAL INNOVATIVENESS IN DIFFERENT ORGANISATIONAL CULTURES

Organisational innovativeness is known to be affected by employee incentives and motivation, but the evidence is inconclusive regarding the organisational contexts and contingencies where this phenomenon takes place. To examine this issue, we adopt the Competing Value Framework of four types of organisational cultures, and hypothesise differences in the incentives–motivation–innovativeness relationships. Using an empirical study of 425 Finnish firms in technology industries, we found in general that intangible and tangible incentives facilitate both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, but only intrinsic motivation leads to improved organisational innovativeness. Testing our model for subsamples that included clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy cultures, we found that results vary considerably between those. First, incentives have different implications to motivation under different organizational cultures. Further, intrinsic motivation leads to innovativeness under adhocracy, clan, and market culture, but not under hierarchy culture, and extrinsic motivation does not lead to innovativeness under any culture.
Social engagement and physical activity: Commentary on why the activity and disengagement theories of ageing may both be valid

Abstract There is a stark contrast between the activity and disengagement theories in terms of what they say is the level of social engagement and physical activity associated with the population of elderly people. Owing to their opposing arguments, it is confusing to realize that research validates both of them. What their originators and researchers have failed to explain is the unique set of factors or conditions under which each theory is more likely to be confirmed. As a consequence, the contrast between the two theories has a misty practical foundation and therefore remains confounding several years after these theories were formulated. In this paper, an attempt is made to identify conditions under which each theory is more likely to be supported in research. This effort is expected to encourage researchers to relate their findings to the appropriate factors in order to better explain the contrast between the two theories and the practical significance of research results.
MULTIPLE PREGNANCY IN MARES

Mare is in terms of reproduction described as uniparous, it means that she has one foal. More embryos, fetuses or foals represents non – physiological phenomenon and as such it brings a lot of complications. In terms of the etiology is discussed as a predisposing factor mare’s breed, the most common is a higher incidence associated with Thoroughbreds. Although in context of multiple pregnancies often mentioned is mare‘s age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and results of multiple pregnancy in Thoroughbred and Old Kladruber Horse mares. It was found 323 records of multiple pregnancies in Thoroughbred and 48 in Old Kladruber Horse mares and the result of the multiple pregnancy was in Thoroughbreds in 258 cases twin abortion, in 45 cases parturition of 2 dead foals, 15 records of parturition 1 live and 1 dead foal and in 5 cases it was the parturition of 2 live foals. In Old Kladruber Horse twin abortion was recorded 36 times, in 7 cases 2 dead foals and in 5 cases 2 live foals.
Knowledge and Practice of Saudi Civilians towards Management of Dental Trauma and Avulsed Tooth

1.1. Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess the perception and practice of Saudi towards accidental dental trauma and Avulsed Tooth. 1.2. Methodology:In this is a cross sectional study, collected data obtained from 350 Saudi volunteers living in three cities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) including; Hail (Northern KSA), Jeddah (Western KSA) and Riyadh (Capital KSA). 1.3. Results:Of the 350 participants, 150/350(43%) were males and 200/350(57%) were females. Of the respondents 36.4% were have experienced dental trauma of whom 40/148(27%) were males and the remaining 84/197(42.6%) were females. Conclusion:This study proves an insufficient knowledge regarding dental trauma management amongst general Saudi population. There is an urgent need to expand the knowledge of general Saudi population in this context using a variety of educational methods.
EXTEMPORANEOUS COMPOUNDING PRACTICE BY PHARMACISTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Objective: To identify the frequency and scope of extemporaneous compounding practice reported in community and hospital pharmacies. Method s : A systematic literature review was undertaken to identify the prevalence of extemporaneous compounding practice in community and hospital pharmacies, including the reasons of providing compounding services. Results: Nine studies were identified and evaluated in which extemporaneous products prepared by pharmacist could be identified. Most of the studies record that prevalence of extemporaneous compounding practice is very low (less than 5%). Prescribing of compounded medicines occurs more frequently in paediatrics and for special patients’ need. The major types of extemporaneous compounding products were dermatological dosage forms and followed by oral solutions and oral suspensions. Reasons for providing compounding practice were to make a customised products that not available commercially and to provide full pharmaceutical care to patients. Issues about the stability of compounded products, accuracy in dose strength and lack of standardised protocol in extemporaneous compounding need to be addressed. Conclusion: Extemporaneous compounding practice are an essential part of pharmacist’ competency. These unique skills need to be preserved and regulations that cover rationalised compounding practice is necessary.
Electronic Journal of Applied Statistical Analysis

In such a global economic crisis context, our aims are describing the mobility of the Palermitan graduates in the labour market, identifying the variables that in(cid:29)uence most their occupational status and (cid:28)nally outlining a transition probability structure among the states: Work, Search for a Job, Study, Other. The availability of a large amount of longitudinal data provided by the surveys carried out by STELLA (Statistics about Graduates and Labour Market) allowed us to analyze the mobility of the graduates of the University of Palermo among the di(cid:27)erent occupational states in three di(cid:27)erent times. We analyze data coming from a disproportionate strati(cid:28)ed sample of graduates in 2009, interviewed three di(cid:27)erent times: one year (2010), three years (2012), (cid:28)ve years (2014) after the graduation. To achieve our aim, (cid:28)rst we provide a brief descriptive analysis of the main characteristics of the graduates gathered by the three di(cid:27)erent surveys; secondly we (cid:28)t a time inhomogeneous multi-state Markov model with piecewise constant intensities; eventually implications from the main results are discussed.
Raising the stakes: Land titling and electoral stability in Kenya

How does large-scale land reform affect electoral stability and the prospects for election violence? While scholars have theorized elite-level logics of land distribution, few studies analyze the effects of land reform on the attitudes of ordinary citizens, and the implications such reforms have for electoral violence. The article uses an original survey and qualitative interviews in coastal Kenya to examine the effects of the Kenyan government’s recent land titling campaign, the most ambitious and extensive since independence. It theorizes and tests the micro-mechanisms through which the selective distribution of land rights in the pre-electoral period heightens or lowers the stakes of an electoral outcome by altering levels of political trust and perceived threat. Results indicate that title deed beneficiaries are more likely to trust political institutions than non-beneficiaries. Yet, while title deed recipients are more likely to trust state institutions, they are also more likely to fear the electoral process compared to non-beneficiaries. The findings reveal how the perceived stakes of an election can vary across local spaces. Where political trust is low and threat is high, citizens may view elections as particularly high-stakes events and, thus, may be more willing to take on the costs of participation in violence to ensure their preferred political outcome, or to defend themselves against anticipated attacks.
Rethinking 'Religious Identity' in Refugee 'Integration': An examination into representations and experiences of Syrian 'Religious Minority' refugees in Berlin, Germany

This research contributes to existing but nascent literature examining the relationship between ‘religious identity’ and refugee ‘integration’. It does so by exploring the nature and implications of discursive representations of Syrian refugees on Syrian ‘religious minority’ refugees (Christian, Druze, Ismaili, Alawite, and atheist) in Berlin, Germany. Drawing on 11 months of fieldwork and analyses of three German newspapers and magazines, the results of this study are four-fold: first, that the ‘minority’ label is a malleable construct influenced by historical, social and political factors; second, that (mis)assumptions of Syrian refugee identities, needs and experiences are often homogenous, Orientalist, and political in nature; third, that such (mis)assumptions inform and shape different forms of what Fiddian-Qasmiyeh (2016c) refers to as “refugee-refugee relationality”, at times characterised by religious prejudices; and fourth, that such (mis)assumptions about Syrian refugees are increasingly shaped by secularised biases of some institutional actors, which directly influence the experiences of ‘religious minority’ refugees in refugee-host contexts. These findings suggest that there is a need to: be er understand the ‘minority’ label as it pertains to ‘religious identity’ and how it can be (mis)used in different contexts by different actors; examine the dynamics of refugee-refugee relationality, including those related to religious prejudices; and to rethink processes of ‘integration’ and the ways in which secular values and assumptions can shape and inform refugee experiences throughout such processes. In light of these findings, this research posits a challenge to rethink the desirability of ‘integration’ altogether, both as a process and outcome of refugee-refugee and refugee-host relations. It further calls for a need to explore the varied complexities, multiplicities, and contradictions of refugee ‘religious identities’ in contexts of religious diversity. Specifically, it asserts the importance of recognising and understanding how ‘religious minority’ refugees can (re)negotiate, contest, and narrate their identities, needs, and experiences in relation to both refugees and hosts. Such understanding can, in turn, enable appropriate, meaningful, and effective responses to refugees.
Lagrangian densities of linear forests and Turán numbers of their extensions

The Lagrangian of a hypergraph has been a useful tool in hypergraph extremal problems. Recently, Lagrangian densities of hypergraphs and Turán numbers of their extensions have been studied actively. However, determining the Lagrangian density of a hypergraph is not an easy task even for a “simple” hypergraph. For example, to determine the Lagrangian density of K43 is equivalent to determine the Turán density of K43 (a long standing conjecture of Turán). Hefetz and Keevash studied the Lagrangian density of the 3‐uniform matching of size 2. Pikhurko determined the Lagrangian density of a 4‐uniform tight path of length 2 and this led to confirm the conjecture of Frankl and Füredi on the Turán number of the r ‐uniform generalized triangle for the case r=4 . It is natural and interesting to consider Lagrangian densities of other “basic” hypergraphs. In this paper, we determine the Lagrangian densities for a class of 3‐uniform linear forests. For positive integers s and t , let Ps,t be the disjoint union of a 3‐uniform linear path of length s and t pairwise disjoint edges. In this paper, we determine the Lagrangian densities of Ps,t for any t and s=2 or 3. Applying a modified version of Pikhurko's transference argument used by Brandt, Irwin, and Jiang, we obtain the Turán numbers of their extensions.
The management of children's asthma in primary care : are there ethnic differences in care?

ii Acknowledgements . vi Table of contents . viii List of tables . xiii List of figures . xv Abbreviations . xvi Chapter 1 Introduction . 1 1.1 The topic of this thesis . 2 1.2 Primary care . 4 1.3 Kaupapa Māori theory and research practice . 6 1.3. 1 An overview of Kaupapa Māori Research . 6 1.3. 2 The application of Kaupapa Māori Research to the study presented in this thesis . 8 1.4 Ethnicity . 11 1.4. 1 Definition of ethnicity and issues associated with the collection and use of ethnicity data . 11 1.4. 2 Racism as a determinant of health outcomes. 14 1.4. 3 Ethnicity data in New Zealand . 16 1.5 Socio-economic position and health outcomes . 18 1.6 The investigation of ethnicity and quality of health care . 19 1.7 Aims and objectives of the study . 19 Chapter 2 Asthma . 21 2.1 Asthma prevalence . 21 2.2 The impact of asthma . 23 2.3 Asthma outcomes in New Zealand . 24 2.3. 1 Asthma mortality . 25 2.3. 2 Asthma hospitalisations . 25 2.3. 3 Asthma outcomes in primary care . 27
Characterizing non-heroin opioid overdoses using electronic health records

Abstract Introduction The opioid epidemic is a modern public health emergency. Common interventions to alleviate the opioid epidemic aim to discourage excessive prescription of opioids. However, these methods often take place over large municipal areas (state-level) and may fail to address the diversity that exists within each opioid case (individual-level). An intervention to combat the opioid epidemic that takes place at the individual-level would be preferable. Methods This research leverages computational tools and methods to characterize the opioid epidemic at the individual-level using the electronic health record data from a large, academic medical center. To better understand the characteristics of patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) we leveraged a self-controlled analysis to compare the healthcare encounters before and after an individual’s first overdose event recorded within the data. We further contrast these patients with matched, non-OUD controls to demonstrate the unique qualities of the OUD cohort. Results Our research confirms that the rate of opioid overdoses in our hospital significantly increased between 2006 and 2015 (P < 0.001), at an average rate of 9% per year. We further found that the period just prior to the first overdose is marked by conditions of pain or malignancy, which may suggest that overdose stems from pharmaceutical opioids prescribed for these conditions. Conclusions Informatics-based methodologies, like those presented here, may play a role in better understanding those individuals who suffer from opioid dependency and overdose, and may lead to future research and interventions that could successfully prevent morbidity and mortality associated with this epidemic.
The Effects of Collaborative Learning Models on Engineering Mechanics Learning Outcomes

The low learning outcomes in Engineering Mechanics are influenced by the learning model used by the teachers in teaching. The ability of teachers to determine the right learning model will have an impact on the success of student learning and the achievement of learning goals. This paper aims to reveal the influence of Collaborative Learning models on learning outcomes of Engineering Mechanics. The method used in this research is a quasi-experimental method with Non-equivalent Control Group Design. The study sample was 46 people divided into two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. The sampling technique was carried out using random sampling, 23 people for the experimental group and 23 people for the control group. Data collection using the learning result test (pre-test and post-test) in the form of objective questions for about 25 questions. The research data were analysed quantitatively using a parametric statistical analysis test with the t-test. Based on the data analysis, the results of the study show that there was a significant effect using the Collaborative Learning model on the learning outcomes of Engineering Mechanics. The experimental group using the Collaborative Learning model had higher learning outcomes than the control group using conventional learning model.
Two-Way Relationship Between Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Periodontitis: Results from A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Aim: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and periodontitis have considerable worldwide prevalence once they both present systemic alterations with a possible association between them. Therefore, we have performed this meta-analysis to assess the possible association between H. pylori infection and periodontitis. Material and Methods: A systematic search in the literature was performed for studies published before December 2, 2019 in diverse scientific and educational databases. The data was extracted by two investigators and the statistical analysis was performed by Review Manager statistical program with heterogeneity and Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% of Confidence Intervals (CI) calculations as well as a sensitive analysis to assess the accuracy of the results. The value of P<0.05 was considered as significant. In addition, we performed the analysis of the quality of included studies as well as the evaluation for risk of bias. Results: In overall analysis, H. pylori infection was associated with the risk of periodontitis development (OR = 1.72, CI: 1.47, 2.02, P<0.00001) and the periodontitis was considered as a risk factor for H. pylori infection (OR = 3.21, CI: 2.31, 4.47, P<0.00001). Moreover, the evaluation of dental plaque from patients with periodontitis reveled increased risk of H. pylori infection (OR = 3.46, CI: 2.39, 5.01, P<0.00001). Conclusions: This current systematic review and meta-analysis composed by 12 studies in 7,059 participants showed that H. pylori infection increased significantly the risk of the development of periodontitis and the periodontitis may be a risk for this bacterial infection.
Solving Galbrun's Equation with a Discontinuous galerkin Finite Element Method

Over many years, scientists and engineers have developed a broad variety of mathematical formulations to investigate the propagation and interactions with flow of flow-induced noise in early-stage of product design and development. Beside established theories such as the linearized Euler equations (LEE), the linearized Navier–Stokes equations (LNSE) and the acoustic perturbation equations (APE) which are described in an Eulerian framework, Galbrun utilized a mixed Lagrange–Eulerian framework to reduce the number of unknowns by representing perturbations by means of particle displacement only. Despite the advantages of fewer degrees of freedom and the reduced effort to solve the system equations, a computational approach using standard continuous finite element methods (FEM) suff ers from instabilities called spurious modes that pollute the solution. In this work, the authors employ a discontinuous Galerkin approach to overcome the difficulties related to spurious modes while solving Galbrun's equation in a mixed and pure displacement based formulation. The results achieved with the proposed approach are compared with results from previous attempts to solve Galbrun's equation. The numerical determination of acoustic modes and the identification of vortical modes is discussed. Furthermore, case studies for a lined-duct and an annulus supporting a rotating shear-flow are investigated.
Response surface optimisation of high antioxidant jelly from Musa paradisiaca and Trigona sp. honey using central composite design as a convenient functional food

The optimum combination of Musa paradisiaca (MP) and Trigona sp. Honey (TH) in formulating high antioxidant jelly was analysed for total carbohydrate content (CHO), antioxidant capacity (AC), and acceptability via the Response Surface Methodology. Central composite design was employed to optimise the combination effect of two independent variables; namely MP (X1: 20-100%) and TH (X2: 20-100%) on the recovery of three responses; total carbohydrate content (Y1), antioxidant capacity (Y2), and acceptability (Y3). A polynomial model generated a satisfactory fitting of the experimental data with regards to total carbohydrate content (R2 = 0.8974, p < 0.0024), total antioxidant capacity (R2 = 0.9702, p < 0.0001), and acceptability (R2 = 0.9136, p < 0.0001). The optimum combination for maximum recovery of CHO, AC and acceptability were 20% of MP and 20% of TBH, with a predicted CHO of 33 Kcal/5 g, AC of 0.34 nm and acceptability score of 6.16 ( 5: accepted).
A Radiological Evaluation of The Length of The Hepatic Artery and its Practical Implications During Liver Transplantation

Liver, the largest internal organ in the human body is highly vascular due to the presence of two distinct vascular channels feeding the liver.Common hepatic artery (CHA) is branch of coeliac axis (CA) which continues as proper hepatic artery(PHA) and ends by dividing into right and left hepatic arteries. The point of emergence of the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) determines the relative lengths of the CHA and PHA.Present study was intended to provide a tabular information of the relative lengths of CHA and PHA which can help a surgeon to select/reject a donor liver for transplantation.The study was conducted using 200 images of MDCT angiography done on patients aged between 18 to 80years, for various clinical indications in the department of radiodiagnosis and imaging, Kasturba medical college, Manipal, India.In this study the mean lengths of the CHA and PHA were 3.47cm and 2.08cm respectively. The most frequent range of the CHA length was 3.1-4cm and that of the PHA was 2.6-3m.It was concluded that the knowledge of the relative lengths of CHA and PHA are also an essential part of post-surgical outcome and the surgeon should be aware about the presence of individual variations in the relative lengths of CHA and PHA to select an ideal donor for liver transplantation.