Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Data Analysis from Multiple Viewpoints: An Example from Quantum Tunneling

During individual clinical interviews, the interaction between researcher and interviewee leads to a specific set of data that can later be interpreted from several viewpoints. In this paper, we describe three analyses of a student’s reasoning. First, we describe her “physics reasoning” in terms of the physical situation she describes and the “difficulties” she has in reasoning about the interview question. Second, we describe some “reasoning resources” that she uses. Finally, we describe “epistemological resources” that may influence her reasoning about quantum physics. We conclude with a discussion of implications about the practice of interviews and their analysis.
Experimental Evaluation of Workability Compressive Strength and Freeze-Thaw Durability of Concrete Containing Expanded Clay Aggregates

The development of the building materials industry in Algeria and worldwide has opened up new commercial opportunities for waste recovery. Using recycled materials and natural resources such as expanded clay aggregates are increasingly seen as a solution for the future to meet the gap between production, consumption and environmental protection. The present study investigates the effect of expanded clay aggregate (ECA) on a concrete slump, porosity, softening coefficient, compressive strength, and Freeze-thaw durability. Tests were conducted according to Russian National State Standard (GOST) 10060-2012 of concrete mixtures with expanded clay aggregate (ECA). A total of 7 mixtures were prepared. One is considered a reference mixture based on limestone aggregates. The other six mixtures were prepared by replacing the limestone aggregates with expanded clay aggregates, using two substitution rates (15%, 30% by weight) and three aggregates sizes (Sand 0/4, Gravel 8/16, and 16/25) while maintaining the same w/b ratio. The results indicate that ECAs can be used for concrete production. Furthermore, concrete containing 30% ECA (0/4) has the best properties and is the most freeze-thaw resistant than the other mixtures with ECA.
boltzmann-ginzburg-landau approach to simple models of active matter

Collective motion is observed in many different biological systems like bird flocks or fish schools. In these systems, collective motion may arise without any leader or external force, and is only due to the interactions among individuals and the out of equilibrium nature of the whole system. We study simple models of such collective motion situations in order to establish universality classes of "dry" active matter, i.e. when the fluid medium in which individuals evolve is neglected. Many of such systems have already been studied at the "microscopic", particle-based, level. In this thesis, we obtain coarse-grained hydrodynamic equations of such models which we compare to the microscopic level results. Their analysis also reveals new collective properties. We introduce the "Boltzmann-Ginzburg-Landau approach" to derive our equations in a controlled manner. The equations are derived for four different Vicsek-type models. The simple polar model (original Vicsek model), a mixed case of polar particles with nematic interactions, a model of nematic particles with nematic interactions and finally a model for polar particles with metric free interactions. In each case, the obtained equations are studied analytically and numerically. We find that our equations reproduce faithfully the qualitative properties of the underlying microscopic models, such as the different observed phases and the nature of the phase transitions between them. Some new phases not previously observed in microscopic models are found. Their existence was confirmed a posteriori in further simulations of the microscopic models.
Statistical Complexity of Sampled Chaotic Attractors

We analyze the statistical complexity vs. entropy plane-representation of sampled chaotic attractors as a function of the sampling period {\tau}. It is shown that if the Bandt and Pompe procedure is used to assign a probability distribution function (PDF) to the pertinent time series, the statistical complexity measure (SCM) attains a definite maximum for a specific sampling period tM. If the usual histogram approach is used instead in order to assign the PDF to the time series, the SCM remains almost constant at any sampling period {\tau}. The significance of tM is further investigated by comparing it with typical times given in the literature for the two main reconstruction processes: the Takens' one in a delay-time embedding, and the exact Nyquist-Shannon reconstruction. It is shown that tM is compatible with those times recommended as adequate delay ones in Takens' reconstruction. The reported results correspond to three representative chaotic systems having correlation dimension 2 < D2 < 3. One recent experiment confirms the analysis presented here.
Extremal metrics and K-stability (PhD thesis)

In this thesis we study the relationship between the existence of canonical metrics on a complex manifold and stability in the sense of geometric invariant theory. We introduce a modification of K-stability of a polarised variety which we conjecture to be equivalent to the existence of an extremal metric in the polarisation class. A variant for a complete extremal metric on the complement of a smooth divisor is also given. On toric surfaces we prove a Jordan-Holder type theorem for decomposing semistable surfaces into stable pieces. On a ruled surface we compute the infimum of the Calabi functional for the unstable polarisations, exhibiting a decomposition analogous to the Harder-Narasimhan filtration of an unstable vector bundle.
Assessment of patient empowerment at national institute of diabetes

Background: Healthcare systems around the world are becoming increasingly interested in strengthening the role of patients in their care and continue to evolve them. Aim: This study aimed to assess patient empowerment at the National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology in the Internal Medicine and Surgery departments. Methods: it is a descriptive study. The study subjects included all available diabetic patients (400) patients. The study was conducted at the National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology. Four tools were used to collect data including the patient activation measure, the control preferences scale, the Patient enablement instrument, and the self-control questionnaire. Results: Regarding patient activation, 69% of patients had a high activation level whilst 50.5% of the sample had active preferences in decision making and 52% of them had low enablement after clinical consultation. Conclusion: This study concludes that around two-thirds of the studied patients had a high activation level, slightly more than half of them preferred to make medical decisions by themselves or take the medical decision with consideration for the doctor's opinion those were active.
How to erase surface plasmon fringes

The authors report on the imaging of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) by leakage radiation microscopy in both direct and Fourier space. They show that manipulating the intensity distribution in the Fourier plane allows them to selectively image SPP beams propagating along specific directions. Thereby individual SPP beams are made accessible for direct quantitative analysis which is important in cases where the interaction between different SPP beams leads to interference fringes obscuring the individual components.
The Large Magellanic Cloud as a laboratory for hot bottom burning in massive asymptotic giant branch stars

We use Spitzer observations of the rich population of Asymptotic Giant Branch stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) to test models describing the internal structure and nucleosynthesis of the most massive of these stars, i.e. those with initial mass above 4M . To this aim, we compare Spitzer observations of LMC stars with the theoretical tracks of Asymptotic Giant Branch models, calculated with two of the most popular evolution codes, that are known to dier in particular for the treatment of convection. Although the physical evolution of the two models are signicantly dierent, the properties of dust formed in their winds are surprisingly similar, as is their position in the colour{colour (CCD) and colour{magnitude (CMD) diagrams obtained with the Spitzer bands. This model independent result allows us to select a well dened region in the ([3:6] [4:5]; [5:8] [8:0]) plane, populated by AGB stars experiencing Hot Bottom Burning, the progeny of stars with mass M 5:5M . This result opens up an important test of the strength hot bottom burning using detailed near{IR (H and K bands) spectroscopic analysis of the oxygen{rich, high luminosity candidates found in the well dened region of the colour-colour plane. This test is possible because the two stellar evolution codes we use predict very dierent results for the surface chemistry, and the C/O ratio in particular, owing to their treatment of convection in the envelope and of convective boundaries during third dredge-up. The dierences in
Dynamic Modelling of Large Dimensional Covariance Matrices

Modelling and forecasting the covariance of financial return series has always been a challange due to the so-called "curse of dimensionality". This paper proposes a methodology that is applicable in large dimensional cases and is based on a time series of realized covariance matrices. Some solutions are also presented to the problem of non-positive definite forecasts. This methodology is then compared to some traditional models on the basis of its forecasting performance employing Diebold-Mariano tests. We show that our approach is better suited to capture the dynamic features of volatilities and covolatilities compared to the sample covariance based models.
Management of Teachers Competence Development In Improving Learning Quality in Jeneponto Regency (A Case Study of Madrasah Tsanawiyah)

This research aims to analyze planning for competency development of madrasah tsanawiyah teachers; (2) to analyze strategy for developing the competence of madrasah tsanawiyah teachers; (3) to analyze the competence of madrasah tsanawiyah teachers; (4) analyze the barriers and challenges in developing the competence of teachers. The study used primary data through interviews and questionnaires as many as 63 informants as samples based on sample criteria, with details of 3 principal informants, 30 teachers and 30 students as informants. The results of this study indicate that: (1)The planning for developing the competence of madrasah tsanawiyah teachers is a plan that has been structured, programmed and becomes a system in every madrasah, in carrying out the planning for developing the competence of teachers ; (2)The head of madrasah tsanawiyah as a leader in each institution implements various strategies for developing competence of madrasah tsanawiyah teachers by motivating and involving teachers to participate in various scientific activities such as activating MGMP, KKG, seminars, training and workshops; (3)The competence of madrasah tsanawiyah teachers is in accordance with National Education standards; (4) SWOT analysis used to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in developing the competence of madrasah tsanawiyah teachers in order to improve the quality of their professionalism individually nor together. This means that the development of teachers Competence is competent in accordance with national education standards in Jeneponto Regency.
Entrepreneurial Performance: Determinants of Performance in Stimulus-Oriented Granting

Abstract Local governments consistently face challenges of economic depression and the unexpected events that precipitate them, such as COVID-19. The depressions leave governments taxed for resources, infrastructure, and time. These depressions are often helped by large infusions of federal grant dollars, otherwise known as stimulus-oriented granting. Key variables in determining success in spending these stimulus dollars include government structure and different forms of capacity. These are traditionally tested characteristics that governments already possess. What we know less about is how governments take advantage of these spending opportunities without regard to the resources that are under their control. This is referred to as entrepreneurial orientation. Using the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), this study tests the effect of entrepreneurial orientation, form of government, and capacity on local government spending of federal grant dollars, specifically in stimulus-oriented granting. This study has implications for other stimulus-oriented granting, such as the COVID-19-motivated, Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES).
Evaluation of Boattail Geometry and Exhaust Plume Temperature Effects on Nozzle Afterbody Drag at Transonic Mach Numbers

Abstract : An experimental program was conducted to investigate the interaction effects which occur between the nozzle exhaust flow and the external flow field associated with isolated nozzle afterbody configurations at transonic Mach numbers. Pressure data were obtained from three afterbody geometries with boattail angles of 10, 15, and 25 deg at Mach numbers from 0.6 to 1.5 at zero angles of attack and sideslip. Cold (High-pressure air) and hot (Air/ethylene combustion) jet test techniques were used to simulate and duplicate, respectively, the nozzle exhaust flow for a sonic jet installation. Nozzle exhaust temperature was varied from 540 to approximately 2,900 R. The most significant results pertain to those effects on boattail pressure drag caused by exhaust plume temperature and flow asymmetry (Model support strut induced). The differences obtained in boattail pressure drag between the cold jet simulation and hot jet duplication results were significant at nozzle pressure ratios representative for turbofan and turbojet engines at subsonic Mach numbers. Adjusting the cold jet nozzle pressure ratio to correct for changes in the exhaust plume specific heat ratio with temperature did not account for the differences observed. Flow asymmetry effects were Mach number and nozzle pressure ratio dependent and increased in severity as the boattail angle was increased.
Navigating Earthquake Physics with High-Resolution Array Back-Projection

Understanding earthquake source dynamics is a fundamental goal of geophysics. Progress toward this goal has been slow due to the gap between state-of-art earthquake simulations and the limited source imaging techniques based on conventional low-frequency finite fault inversions. Seismic array processing is an alternative source imaging technique that employs the higher frequency content of the earthquakes and provides finer detail of the source process with few prior assumptions. While the back-projection provides key observations of previous large earthquakes, the standard beamforming back-projection suffers from low resolution and severe artifacts. This thesis introduces the MUSIC technique, a high-resolution array processing method that aims to narrow the gap between the seismic observations and earthquake simulations. The MUSIC is a high-resolution method taking advantage of the higher order signal statistics. The method has not been widely used in seismology yet because of the nonstationary and incoherent nature of the seismic signal. We adapt MUSIC to transient seismic signal by incorporating the Multitaper cross-spectrum estimates. We also adopt a “reference window” strategy that mitigates the “swimming artifact,” a systematic drift effect in back projection. The improved MUSIC back projections allow the imaging of recent large earthquakes in finer details which give rise to new perspectives on dynamic simulations. In the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, we observe frequency-dependent rupture behaviors which relate to the material variation along the dip of the subduction interface. In the 2012 off-Sumatra earthquake, we image the complicated ruptures involving orthogonal fault system and an usual branching direction. This result along with our complementary dynamic simulations probes the pressure-insensitive strength of the deep oceanic lithosphere. In another example, back projection is applied to the 2010 M7 Haiti earthquake recorded at regional distance. The high-frequency subevents are located at the edges of geodetic slip regions, which are correlated to the stopping phases associated with rupture speed reduction when the earthquake arrests.
Recent Progress in Phage Therapy to Modulate Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, including in Human and Poultry

Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant and invasive pathogen associated with the etiopathology of both an increasing number of nosocomial infections and is of relevance to poultry production systems. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has been reported in connection to severe challenges to clinical treatment, mostly due to an increased rate of resistance to carbapenems. Amid the possible strategies aiming to reduce the insurgence of antimicrobial resistance, phage therapy has gained particular importance for the treatment of bacterial infections. This review summarizes the different phage-therapy approaches currently in use for multiple-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, including single phage therapy, phage cocktails, phage–antibiotic combination therapy, phage-derived enzymes active on Acinetobacter baumannii and some novel technologies based on phage interventions. Although phage therapy represents a potential treatment solution for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, further research is needed to unravel some unanswered questions, especially in regard to its in vivo applications, before possible routine clinical use.
Defect-Based Empirical Model for On-State Degradation in Sub-20-nm DRAM Periphery pFETs Under Arbitrary Condition

This work investigates the ON-state degradation under arbitrary stress conditions for periphery pFETs fabricated in the sub-20-nm DRAM technology. Three types of traps are identified, including the interface states, the oxide hole traps, and the oxide electron traps. By analyzing the time dependence, stress dependence, and lateral position, the generation mechanism for each type of trap is revealed, based on which a defect-based model was established. We proposed an effective model parameter extraction strategy and, thus, avoided overfitting. The predictive capability of the proposed model is further verified across the full bias regions at lower voltage conditions, including operating conditions. Finally, based on the model, the contributions of different types of traps to the degradation can be derived throughout the device’s entire lifetime. The work paves ways to link the defects to the device’s long-term reliability, which can be helpful for future process optimization and device/circuit co-optimization in DRAM peripheral circuits.
STRONGLY LENSED JETS, TIME DELAYS, AND THE VALUE OF H0

In principle, the most straightforward method of estimating the Hubble constant relies on time delays between mirage images of strongly lensed sources. It is a puzzle, then, that the values of H0 obtained with this method span a range from ∼50–100 km s−1Mpc−1. Quasars monitored to measure these time delays are multi-component objects. The variability may arise from different components of the quasar or may even originate from a jet. Misidentifying a variable-emitting region in a jet with emission from the core region may introduce an error in the Hubble constant derived from a time delay. Here, we investigate the complex structure of the sources as the underlying physical explanation of the wide spread in values of the Hubble constant based on gravitational lensing. Our Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the derived value of the Hubble constant is very sensitive to the offset between the center of the emission and the center of the variable emitting region. Therefore, we propose using the value of H0 known from other techniques to spatially resolve the origin of the variable emission once the time delay is measured. We particularly advocate this method for gamma-ray astronomy, where the angular resolution of detectors reaches approximately 0. °1; lensed blazars offer the only route for identify the origin of gamma-ray flares. Large future samples of gravitationally lensed sources identified with Euclid, SKA, and LSST will enable a statistical determination of H0.
Branching Markov chains: qualitative characteristics

In this paper we study randomwalks with branching. We introduce the notion of recurrence and transience for these processes and provide criteria for them. For Lamperti problem and many-dimensional random walk with branching we nd the critical (for transience vs. recurrence) speed of decaying of the average number of o -springs at a point with respect to the distance from it to the origin.
A Cross-Project Defect Prediction Model Based on Deep Learning With Self-Attention

Cross-project defect prediction technique is a hot topic in the field of software defect research because of the huge difference in data distribution between source project and target project. Software defect prediction technique usually first extracts software project features and then trains prediction models based on various classifiers. However, traditional features lack sufficient semantic information of source code resulting in poor performance of the prediction models. To construct more accurate prediction models based on the semantic information, we propose a cross-project defect prediction framework named BSLDP, which extracts semantic information of source code files through a bidirectional long and short-term memory network with self-attention mechanism. In particular, we provide semantic extractor named ALC to extract source code semantics based on source code files, and propose classification algorithm based on the semantic information of source project and target project, namely BSL, to build a prediction model. Furthermore, we propose an equal meshing mechanism that ALC generates semantic information on small fragments by dividing the numerical token vector to further improve the performance of the proposed model. We evaluated the performance of the proposed model on a publicly available PROMISE dataset. Compared with the four state-of-the-art methods, the experimental results indicate that on average BSLDP improves the performance of cross-project defect prediction in terms of F1 by 14.2%, 34.6%, 32.2% and 23.6%, respectively.
The missing link between ultraluminous X-ray sources and metallicity

The nature of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) is still debated. Recent studies show that metal-poor massive stars can collapse into massive stellar black holes (MSBHs), that is black holes with mass > 25 Msun. Such MSBHs are sufficiently massive to explain most ULXs without requiring substantial violations of the Eddington limit. The recent finding of an anti-correlation between metallicity of the environment and number of ULXs per galaxy supports this hypothesis. We present the results of recent N-body simulations, including metallicity dependent stellar evolution, and we discuss the main pathways to produce X-ray binaries powered by MSBHs.