Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid, Affordable, Collection and Analysis of Bioaerosol Viral Pathogen (Begomoviruses and Whitefly Vectors)

Detection of pathogens is critical to monitoring their distribution and spread, and is a key component in the prediction and management of disease epidemiology. Monitoring for pathogens as bioaerosols requires developing techniques which are sensitive, affordable, and time saving before they will have widespread impact. This approach also overcomes private property issues, which are a major pitfall in monitoring diseases in complex agricultural and urban settings. In this study, we have applied an emerging technology of electrostatic sampling to the detection of an insect-transmitted plant pathogen as a bioaerosol. Where insects aggregate in large numbers, as with whiteflies, leafhoppers, psyllids and honey bees, the pathogen (ie. virus or bacteria) becoming aerosolized as thousands of excreta droplets fall from the plants during feeding. Agricultural systems have not fully measured the impact of bioaerosols on disease epidemiology. Electrostatic sampling provides a valuable, affordable, method for monitoring for diseases as bioaerosols, which includes plant, animal and human pathogens. This study shows results which successfully used an electrostatic sampling device to collect an aerosolized begomovirus from the air near whiteflies feeding on virus-infected tomato plants.
An Assessment of the 2011 Spanish Pension Reform using the Swedish System as a Benchmark

The aim of this paper is to make an assessment of the 2011 reform of the public pension system in Spain using the Swedish pension system as a benchmark, although some reference to the US pension system is also made. The paper focuses on the reform, explaining its aims, breaking down the main contents, critically examining the official view and describing the expected ageing of the Spanish population. This approach complements the quantitative analyses performed by other researchers and will enable us to assess the reformed system with the focus on four main areas: actuarial fairness, actuarial transparency, solvency and communication with the public. The main conclusion is that the reform was a wasted opportunity given that Spain did not take advantage of the lessons learned in Sweden, it did not include any elements for improving the management of pay-as-you-go systems, and there is no sound basis for claiming that the system's sustainability is assured in the medium term, the long term or even the short term. The new parametric reforms currently under consideration in Spain are targeted to correct some of the pension system's design faults that have been highlighted in this paper.
Dietary Supplementation of Chromium Picolinate on Productive Performance and Cost Economics of Coloured Broiler Chicken during Hot-Humid Summer -

The efficacy of chromium picolinate (0, 20 or 40 mg/kg diet) in coloured broilers (n=120) was evaluated (0-42 d) during hot-humid summer. The chicks were randomly divided into three treatment groups having five replicate of eight birds each. The parameters viz. feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, energy and protein efficiency, carcass traits, immune-competence and cost economics were studied. The 0-42 d body weight gain and feed intake was comparable with improved FCR. There was no significant difference in the yield of breast, back, drumstick, thigh, neck and wing. The supplementation of Cr picolinate did not bring any significant changes in the shrinkage, blood and feather loss, but eviscerated and ready to cook yield improved significantly with fat pad reduction. The cost/kg live weight and cost/kg meat yield were reduced. Dietary addition of 20 mg chromium picolinate per kg diet helps to improve the production performance.
Food Consumption and Utilization by the Mexican Beetle, Zygogramlna bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) on Parthenium hysterophorus Linnaeus

Quantitative food utilization indices were measured in different larval instars and physiological ages of adult Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister. Among the larval and adult stages of the beetle, third instar larvae and egg laying females ingested maximum food. Various growth parameters like relative consumption rate (RCR), relative growth rate (RGR) and approximate digestibility (AD) were relatively higher in the first, third and fourth instar and egg laying females. Efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) were maximum in first, third and fourth instar larvae and decreasing trend was observed in second instar larvae. During preoviposition stage adult, these parameters increased tremendously in contrast to senescent stage.
Housing, Finance, and the Macroeconomy

In this chapter, we review and discuss the large body of research that has developed over the past 10-plus years that explores the interconnection of macroeconomics, finance, and housing. We focus on three major topics -- housing and the business cycle, housing and portfolio choice, and housing and asset returns -- and then review the recent literature that studies housing and the macroeconomy during the great housing boom and bust of 2000-2010. Our emphasis is on calibrated models that can be compared to data. In each section, we discuss the important questions, the typical set of tools used, and the insights that result from important papers. Although great progress has been made in understanding the important role that housing plays in understanding macroeconomic phenomena, work remains. For example, economists cannot fully explain all of the volatility in house prices during the unprecedented boom and bust period of 2000-2010. At the end of the chapter, we discuss a new literature that assesses the macroeconomic effects and welfare implications of housing policies.
The Index of Refraction of Air

In an interferometer, Figure 1, a light beam (in this case a helium-neon laser) is incident on a partially silvered glass plate (GP) placed 45° with respect to the beam. The beam is split, part of it traveling to mirror M1 at the end of the side arm. This beam is reflected by M1, returning through GP to strike the screen. The other part of the original beam goes through the glass plate and the cell to mirror M2. It is reflected by M2 through the cell to the glass plate where it is reflected to the screen.
ANKRD31 regulates spatiotemporal patterning of meiotic recombination initiation and ensures recombination between heterologous sex chromosomes in mice

Orderly segregation of chromosomes during meiosis requires that crossovers form between homologous chromosomes by recombination. Programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiate meiotic recombination. We identify ANKRD31 as a critical component of complexes of DSB-promoting proteins which assemble on meiotic chromosome axes. Genome-wide, ANKRD31 deficiency causes delayed recombination initiation. In addition, loss of ANKRD31 alters DSB distribution owing to reduced selectivity for sites that normally attract DSBs. Strikingly, ANKRD31 deficiency also abolishes uniquely high rates of recombination that normally characterize pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) of X and Y chromosomes. Consequently, sex chromosomes do not form crossovers leading to chromosome segregation failure in ANKRD31-deficient spermatocytes. These defects are accompanied by a genome-wide delay in assembling DSB-promoting proteins on axes and a loss of a specialized PAR-axis domain that is highly enriched for DSB-promoting proteins. Thus, we propose a model for spatiotemporal patterning of recombination by ANKRD31-dependent control of axis-associated complexes of DSB-promoting proteins.
Risk and protection factors for women’s health in the prevention of cervical cancer

This study aimed to investigate the risk and protection factors for women who access health services for the realization of preventive screening for cervical cancer. Quantitative study conducted with 51 women in Teresina-PI, Brazil, in August 2013. The semi-structured form caught the variables of interest and the data were analyzed by the SPSS. Of the women, 72.5% were aged 25-39 years, 66.7% were married, and 55.0% accessed the service for prevention. With regard to the risk factors, 41.2% were overweight, 19.6% obese, and 72.5% were sedentary. Regarding the access to health services, 78.5% sought care in the past year. The cervical cancer screening program should be discussed in the sociocultural context, which will promote understanding and adherence to the recommendations of take the exam periodically. For this purpose, we recommend conducting immediate and effective measures to improve the viability of public policies for women’s health.
COMPOSTOS NITROGENADOS, PROTEÍNAS E AMINOÁCIDOS EM MILHO SOB DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE SILÍCIO E DEFICIÊNCIA HÍDRICA

O milho ( Zea mays L.) faz parte da familia Poaceae e e uma das plantas que apresenta grande importância para o Brasil, sendo produzido em varias regioes do pais. O uso de silicio (Si) na agricultura vem ganhando destaque no combate a diversos fatores abioticos, dentre eles a deficiencia hidrica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o comportamento de compostos nitrogenados, proteinas e aminoacidos soluveis totais em plantas de milho sob diferentes niveis de Si e deficiencia hidrica. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetacao da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia - Capitao Poco, utilizando-se plantas de milho variedade PZ 242, provenientes da safra 2010. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com sete repeticoes, sendo os tratamentos constituidos de controle (sem deficit hidrico), deficit hidrico sem aplicacao de Si e deficit hidrico com quatro diferentes doses de Si na forma de metassilicato de sodio (0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 mm Si). A deficiencia hidrica promoveu alteracoes no conteudo relativo de agua e em todos os processos bioquimicos avaliados, tais como a atividade da redutase do nitrato e concentracoes de proteinas, aminoacidos, amonio livre e nitrato. No entanto, o Si apresentou resultados satisfatorios em amenizar os efeitos negativos da deficiencia hidrica sobre as plantas de milho, principalmente nas doses de 0,5 e 1,0 mm Si.
Implementing the 2012 Forest Planning Rule: Best Available Scientific Information in Forest Planning Assessments

National forests and grasslands in the United States are governed by land and resource management plans that should be updated every 15 years to reflect changing social, economic, and environmental conditions and to address new priorities. A new forest planning rule finalized in 2012 introduces new planning approaches and requirements, and several forests have completed the forest assessment phase of their planning process. Using document analysis and interview data, we analyzed four completed forest assessments to gain insights into early forest planning efforts under the 2012 rule. We found that forest assessments address the required topics, although the organization and depth of treatment varies across cases; government sources and academic publishers are relied on most often as sources of scientific information; and approaches to best available scientific information rely on peer-reviewed information, agency technical reports and syntheses, and personal expertise and judgement.
Evaluating the distribution of water resources in western Canada using synoptic climatology and selected teleconnections. Part 1: winter season

The Climatic Redistribution of western Canadian Water Resources project was designed to identify regions of increased/decreased water availability by evaluating a suite of atmospheric, hydroclimatic and streamflow variables. This research component focuses on the atmospheric drivers of air temperature and precipitation in the watersheds originating on the leeward slopes of the Rocky Mountains. Dominant winter (November–April) synoptic‐scale mid‐tropospheric circulation patterns from 1950 to 2011 are classified using self‐organizing maps, and frequency distributions for positive/negative phases of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Arctic Oscillation are statistically compared. Corresponding high‐resolution gridded temperature and precipitation anomalies are calculated for each synoptic type, and spatial patterns of above/below‐average temperature and precipitation and north/south gradients are identified. Gridded 6‐month values of the Standardized Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index are also used to categorize winters into regions of high/low snowpack. Results indicate high‐pressure ridges over the Pacific Ocean (western North America), and low‐pressure troughs over western North America (Pacific Ocean) are associated with anomalously cool (warm) and wet (dry) conditions in the study region. Several statistically different synoptic type frequencies were found for positive/negative phases of the SOI, PDO and Arctic Oscillation. Most notably, positive (negative) phases of the SOI and negative (positive) phases of the PDO are associated with a higher (lower) frequency of ridging over the Pacific Ocean (western North America). Through improved knowledge of the relationships between teleconnections, mid‐tropospheric circulation and surface climate, the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in western Canada is better understood. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional connectivity of nucleus accumbens in internet game addicts: a resting - state fMRI study

Objective To analyze the brain areas having functional connectivity with nucleus accumbens in internet game addicts with resting- state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),and to find out the role of nucleus accumbens dysfunction in the pathogenesis of internet game addiction.Methods Seventeen participants with internet game addiction(IGA),and seventeen healthy controls took part in this study.First,all subjects took 60 minutes for playing their favorite online games and then stopped immediately to assess degree of wishing to play of online games based on psychological measurement; MR imaging was performed on a Philips Intera 3.0T MR imaging scanner,after that,the left and right nucleus accumbens were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) separately,and the linear correlation between the nucleus accumbens and the entire brain was calculated to find out the functional connectivity of the nucleus accunbens during the resting state ; Finally,a two - sample t test was performed to explore the functional connectivity difference between the internet game addicts and controls.Correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the voxels value of the brain regions and degree of wishing to play online games within the IGA gourp.Results Compared with the controls,the score of the degree of wishing to play online games were higher in the internet game addicts ( P ＜ 0.05 ). During the resting state,the functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and the anterior cingulate cortex,the midbrain,the hippocampal gyrus in the internet game addiction group were increased,the functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex,the temporal lobe,the occipital lobe were decreased(P ＜ 0.05 ). The voxels value of the prefrontal cortex,the anterior cingulate cortex,the midbrain and the hippocampal gyrus in the game addiction group showed a positive correlation with the degree of wishing to play online games ( r =0.70,0.76,0.65,0.79,P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion The nucleus accumbens dysfunction indicated that the nucleus accumbens was an important component of.reward system in the brainof internet game addicts and may be involved in the forming and maintaining of the intemet game addiction. Key words: Internet game addiction; Nucleus accumbens; Resting state functional MRI; Functional connectivity
Richness Patterns of Ferns Along an Elevational Gradient in the Sierra de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico: a Comparison with Central and South America

Abstract The transition zone from the tropics to the subtropics in Mexico is an outstanding and poorly explored area of biotic overlap, and as such very interesting to evaluate how species richness patterns change in the latitudinal context. In order to assess alpha diversity patterns of ferns in this zone, we analyzed changes in their assemblages along an elevational gradient from 300 m to 3,000 m in the Sierra de Juárez, Oaxaca, and compared the results with similar studies conducted in Central and South America. We report the most detailed plot-based elevational gradient study on ferns in the region and provide detailed data on species abundances and elevational ranges. In 121 plots of 20 × 20 m, we found 195 fern species, with the highest species numbers recorded at mid-elevations (1,100–2,200 m) and lower richness at both gradient extremes. This hump-shaped pattern was mainly driven by epiphytes, which contributed about 40% to the total species richness and had wider elevational ranges than terrestrial species, which contributed 38% to the total richness, and were more or less constant at low to mid elevations about 2,500 m, followed by a gradual decline. Overall, richness per plot was low compared to other elevational gradients within the tropics closer to the Equator. This decline of species richness towards the subtropics and temperate regions appears to be rather abrupt within Central America, but additional data are needed to close the remaining gap of knowledge between Costa Rica and Mexico.
Translation of Movie Titles from English into Persian: Strategies and Effects

Movies are one of the most popular and influential mass media in the world. Movie titles are the inseparable parts of themovies. Translation of movie titles is a demanding job which needs much effort. Iran has long been a market for western movies whichare rapidly being translated from English into persian. It seems that translation of movie titles from English into persian has not receivedmuch attention. Therefore, the present study made an attempt to investigate the translation of Hollywood movie titles of 2010 fromEnglish into Persian in order to analyze the kind of translation strategies and procedures which were used and to show how thesestrategies changed the effect each title creates. It was shown that the most frequently used translation strategies were literal translationand transliteration which could change the effect of the main titles.
Investigating cosmological GAN emulators using latent space interpolation

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been recently applied as a novel emulation technique for large-scale structure simulations. Recent results show that GANs can be used as a fast and efficient emulator for producing novel weak lensing convergence maps as well as cosmic web data in 2D and 3D. However, like any algorithm, the GAN approach comes with a set of limitations, such as an unstable training procedure, inherent randomness of the produced outputs, and difficulties when training the algorithm on multiple data sets. In this work, we employ a number of techniques commonly used in the machine learning literature to address the mentioned limitations. Specifically, we train a GAN to produce weak lensing convergence maps and dark matter overdensity field data for multiple redshifts, cosmological parameters, and modified gravity models. In addition, we train a GAN using the newest Illustris data to emulate dark matter, gas, and internal energy distribution data simultaneously. Finally, we apply the technique of latent space interpolation as a tool for understanding the feature space of the GAN algorithm. We show that the latent space interpolation procedure allows the generation of outputs with intermediate cosmological parameters that were not included in the training data. Our results indicate a 1–20 per cent difference between the power spectra of the GAN-produced and the test data samples depending on the data set used and whether Gaussian smoothing was applied. Similarly, the Minkowski functional analysis indicates a good agreement between the emulated and the real images for most of the studied data sets.
Keep your Eyes on the Lane: Real-time Attention-guided Lane Detection

Modern lane detection methods have achieved remarkable performances in complex real-world scenarios, but many have issues maintaining real-time efficiency, which is important for autonomous vehicles. In this work, we pro-pose LaneATT: an anchor-based deep lane detection model, which, akin to other generic deep object detectors, uses the anchors for the feature pooling step. Since lanes follow a regular pattern and are highly correlated, we hypothesize that in some cases global information may be crucial to infer their positions, especially in conditions such as occlusion, missing lane markers, and others. Thus, this work proposes a novel anchor-based attention mechanism that aggregates global information. The model was evaluated extensively on three of the most widely used datasets in the literature. The results show that our method outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods showing both higher efficacy and efficiency. Moreover, an ablation study is performed along with a discussion on efficiency trade-off options that are useful in practice. Code and models are available at https://github.com/lucastabelini/LaneATT.