Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subduction‐related metasomatism in the thinning lithosphere: Evidence from a composite dunite‐orthopyroxenite xenolith entrained in Mesozoic Laiwu high‐Mg diorite, North China Craton

The North China Craton (NCC) lost its Archean keels in the Phanerozoic. Prevalent and intensive magmatism, mineralization, and development of extensional basins in the late Mesozoic NCC imply that the late Mesozoic could be the key stage for this transformation. Ultramafic xenoliths in the Early Cretaceous high‐Mg diorites of Shandong province might provide key information about the transformation of subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) beneath the NCC. Here we present a unique composite dunite‐orthopyroxenite xenolith from Tietonggou, one of the high‐Mg diorite‐dominated plutons in Laiwu, Shandong province. The petrography and mineral chemistry of the xenolith suggest complicated metasomatic processes, which occurred before its entrainment in the host magma. Early stage metasomatism includes the growth of intergranular phlogopite and clinopyroxene and the development of a phlogopite‐ and amphibole‐bearing clinopyroxenite veinlet. Late‐stage metasomatism (termed Si (Na) metasomatism) is characterized by the growth of secondary orthopyroxene, Na‐rich plagioclase and amphibole with resorption of olivine and clinopyroxene, and the decomposition of phlogopite. The xenolith has exceptionally high concentrations of Na2O and Al2O3 and shows enrichments in Cs, Rb, Th, U, K, and the light rare earth elements. It also shows positive Pb and Sr anomalies and negative Nb, Ta, P, and Ti anomalies in a primitive mantle normalized spider gram. The geochemistry, as well as the elevated δ18O, suggests that this Si (Na) metasomatism is associated with subduction. The secondary orthopyroxene in the orthopyroxenite portion of the xenolith has exceptionally low Mg# values, which may be the result of reaction between silica‐rich melts and olivine with high melt:rock ratios. Mg‐Fe disequilibrium of the minerals in the orthopyroxenite indicates that Si (Na) metasomatism may have been introduced shortly before entrainment of the xenolith in the host magma. Correlation of the Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopic compositions of ultramafic xenoliths, high‐Mg diorites, and adakitic granites of the Tietonggou indicates there may be a genetic relationship between these rocks. Thus we propose that the SCLM beneath Shandong may have been metasomatized by a slab‐derived melt. Since Si (Na) metasomatism occurred at the key stage of lithospheric thinning, oceanic subduction might have been involved in the thinning process.
The Evolution of the Physicochemical Properties of Aerosols in the Atmosphere

The Evolution of the Physicochemical Properties of Aerosols in the Atmosphere. (December 2010) Jason Michael Tomlinson, B.S., Valparaiso University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Donald R. Collins A Differential Mobility Analyzer/Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA/TDMA) system was used to measure simultaneously the size distribution and hygroscopicity of the ambient aerosol population. The system was operated aboard the National Center for Atmospheric Research/National Science Foundation (NCAR/NSF) C-130 during the 2006 Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) field campaign followed by the 2006 Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment – Phase B (INTEX-B) field campaign. The research flights for the MILAGRO campaign were conducted within the Mexico City basin and the region to the northeast within the pollution plume. The aerosol within the basin is dominated by organics with an average measured  value of 0.21 +/0.18, 0.13 +/0.09, 0.09 +/0.06, 0.14 +/0.07, and 0.17 +/0.04 for dry particle diameters of 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, 0.200, and 0.300 m, respectively. As the aerosols are transported away from the Mexico City Basin, secondary organic aerosol formation through oxidation and condensation of sulfate on the aerosols surface rapidly
Charge and discharge of polar cold air mass in northern hemispheric winter

This study shows the variability of polar cold air mass amount below potential temperature of 280 K, and north of 45°N can be understood with a concept of charge and discharge, where anomalously large daily discharge indicates an intermittent occurrence of cold air outbreak. The polar cold air mass amount north of 45°N gradually charges up due to diabatic cooling but dramatically discharges due to cold air outbreak with a pulse width of about 5 days. Cold air outbreaks tend to bring colder winter in East Asia and the east coast of North America, while warmer winter prevails on the northern side of these regions. The cold air mass amount south of 45°N increases just after a cold air outbreak but returns to the normal level soon because of its life time of about 3 days. Therefore, monthly mean of total cold air mass amount in the Northern Hemisphere is negatively correlated with the monthly mean discharge.
Weed density and strawberry yield as affected by herbicides and mulching techniques.

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different row spacing and weed control methods on weed density and strawberry yield. The strawberry variety "Chandler" plantlets were imported from Swat for conduction of the experiment. Three different row-row spacings (30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm) and eight different weed control strategies i.e. Stomp (pendimethalin) @ 2.5L, Dual gold (s-metolachlor) @ 1L, Percept (haloxyfop-p- methyl) @ 0.9L ha -1 , white plastic mulch, wheat straw mulch, saw dust mulch, hand weeding and weedy check were used in the experiment. Using an RCBD design with split plot arrangement, the row-row spacings were assigned to main plots while different weed control methods were allotted to sub plots. The results showed maximum weed density of 165 m -2 recorded in treatments of 90 cm row spacing while lowest weed density of 131 m -2 was recorded in 30cm row spacing. Similarly, among the weed control treatments maximum weed density (262 m -2 ) was noted in weedy check and minimum (65 m -2 ) was observed for hand weeded plots followed by herbicide Percept (114 m -2 ) and white plastic mulch (117 m -2 ). Highest number of fruit plant -1 and total fruit yield (kg ha -1 ) noticed for 60 cm row spacing while lowest was recorded for 90 cm row spacing. Similarly, among the weed control strategies hand weeding followed by percept herbicides resulted better in the above mentioned parameters as compared to weedy check. It is concluded that Percept herbicide with 60 cm row spacing is very effective for controlling weeds in strawberry, while among mulches white plastic could be used to obtained more yield of strawberry in agro-ecological conditions of Peshawar.
Intention of Psychological Counseling, Attitude Toward Seeking Psychological Help, and Shame Among Vocational College Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the psychological counseling intention of college students, the attitude of seeking psychological help, and the related factors of shame so as to promote the psychological health of college students. Methods: In 4 comprehensive colleges with sound psychological counseling centers, students of different grades were selected and divided into an active help-seeking group (n = 216) and a help-refusal group (n = 270). Students’ shame behaviors were evaluated using the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) scale and Self-Stigma Scale (SSS). The intention of psychological counseling was measured by the General Help-Seeking Questionnaire. The Inventory of Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Services was used to evaluate the psychological status. Data from the above scales were compared through the t-test. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the impact of shame on the intention of psychological counseling. Results: The study found that the active help-seeking group scored lower on SSOSH scale compared to those in the help-refusal group (total score: 41.2 ± 9.1 vs. 37.9 ± 8.7, P = .0017). Meanwhile, the help-refusal group had higher scores on the shame dimension of the SSS (16.2 ± 3.9 vs. 5.3 ± 1.1, P = .00085). After adjusting for age, gender, and other variables, multiple linear regression analysis indicated a negative correlation between shame and intention of psychological help and counseling, revealing a significant impact of shame on professional psychological counseling (P < .05). Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that shame has a negative impact on the intention of seeking psychological help and counseling among college students, highlighting the importance of addressing shame-related factors to promote psychological health and encourage the utilization of professional psychological counseling services.
Depositional architecture and transgressive–regressive cycles within Liassic backstepping carbonate ramps in the Basque–Cantabrian basin, northern Spain

An integrated stratigraphical, sedimentological, geochemical and sequential analysis has been carried out on the Liassic rocks of the Basque–Cantabrian basin in northern Spain using outcrop and subsurface data. The study documents the progressive drowning and backstepping of an epeiric carbonate ramp that originated during the worldwide late Triassic–early Jurassic transgression. Two major carbonate depositional systems have been recognized within the drowning succession: (1) a late Triassic–early Sinemurian shallow-marine ramp, which reflects a progressive marine transgression over Triassic continental deposits; (2) a late Sinemurian–Toarcian set of hemipelagic ramps, which recorded the progressive drowning and backstepping of the ramp system during a second major event of marine flooding. Sequence stratigraphic analysis of the Liassic succession has revealed that transgressive–regressive trends constitute the most evident cyclicity. A major transgressive–regressive cycle and six subsidiary transgressive–regressive facies cycles have been defined in the basin and compared with those defined in other European basins. Although a good correlation exists for the major transgressive–regressive cycle, significant discrepancies have been found for the number, limits and extent of the transgressive–regressive facies cycles reflecting the effects of local tectonics. The overall backstepping within the Basque–Cantabrian basin resulted in a dominance of transgressive episodes across a range of different scales. Accordingly, regressive intervals are less well developed except during limited periods of active tectonics as occurred in the mid-Sinemurian. These progressively longer and deeper marine flooding intervals, followed by relative stillstand or minor sea-level falls, are interpreted to reflect high thermal subsidence rates coupled with a Liassic eustatic transgression.
Suprasubduction Zone Origin of the Pozanti-Karsanti Ophiolite (Southern Turkey) Deduced from Whole-rock and Mineral Chemistry of the Gabbroic Cumulates

Abstract The Pozanti-Karsanti Ophiolite Complex is situated in the eastern Tauride Belt and represents a remnant of the Mesozoic Neotethyan Ocean. It consists of three distinct nappes: (1) an ophiolitic mélange; (2) a metamorphic sole; and (3) ophiolitic rocks. The oceanic lithosphere section of the Pozanti-Karsanti Ophiolite comprises mantle tectonites, ultramafic-mafic cumulates, isotropic gabbros, sheeted dykes and basaltic volcanic rocks. These units are cut by isolated microgabbro-diabase dykes at all structural levels. New results are presented on the whole-rock and mineral chemistry of the gabbroic cumulates. Well-layered, low-Ti gabbroic cumulates, showing adcumulate to mesocumulate textures, are represented exclusively by gabbronorites. The mineral chemistry of gabbronorites from the Pozanti-Karsanti Ophiolite indicates that these cumulate rocks have been produced by the low-pressure crystal fractionation of basaltic liquid. Magnesium numbers (Mg-numbers) of clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and amphibole range from 89 to 73, 80–66 and 80–72, respectively. Plagioclase compositions range from An94 to An84. The coexistence of calcic plagioclase, magnesian clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene indicates that the cumulate gabbronorites from the Pozanti-Karsanti Ophiolite were formed in an arc environment. The covariation of Al2O3 and Mg-numbers of both clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene show features typical of low-pressure igneous intrusions such as the Skaergaard and Tonsina Complexes, but differ from the high-pressure ultramafic cumulates found in the same arc. The cumulate gabbronorites probably represent shallower levels in the arc which were subsequently juxtaposed against deeper level ultramafic cumulates either during accretion or later faulting.
Factors that affect the English language teaching-learning process in Ecuadorian public high schools

This research is based on the factors that affect the English language teaching-learning process in Ecuadorian public high schools. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that affect the English language teaching-learning process. This research was done in Quito, five public high-schools were considered, and the selected sample was fifteen teachers of the 8th, 9th, and 10th years of basic education, and 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years of senior high school. Also, students from the 8th, 9th, and 10th years of basic education, and 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years of senior high school were randomly selected. The method used to carry out this research was quantitative, and the techniques used were surveys and note taking. Besides, some instruments were used such as questionnaires and observation formats for teachers and students. The principal finding gotten from this research was that the two main factors that affect the English teaching-learning process in Ecuadorian public high schools are the class size and the number of students in the classrooms. The principal finding gotten from this research was that the two main factors that affect the English teaching-learning process in Ecuadorian public high schools are the class size and the number of students in the classrooms.
High Energy Trauma In Relation To the Genesis of Non-Union in Tibial Shaft Fractures

Objective: To determine the relationship of high-energy trauma with non-union of the tibial shaft fractures. Material and Methods: Observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study that included patients with a diagnosis of tibial non-union with a history of high-energy trauma; high-energy trauma was assessed in relation to the genesis of non-union in tibial shaft fractures; the relationship between both variables was determined. Data were analyzed using measures of central tendency and X2 test. Results: A total of 201 patients were obtained in total tibial shaft fractures from 2014 to 2018 (5 years), both of high and low energy trauma, female sex 42 patients (20.89 %), male 159 patients (79.10 %), with an average of 36.9 years of age; total non-union in all patients 37 patients (18.40 %), the external fixator in non-union in 17 patients (45.94 %), patients with plaque and posterior non-union with high energy trauma in 10 patients (27.02 %). Non-union was recorded with high-energy trauma at 55.22 % and 44.77 % low energy trauma with a statistical significance of p = 0.00058 and an X2 of 11.82 (RM = 23 and 95 % CI 21.6-25.4). Conclusions: High-energy trauma is related to the genesis of non-union of any type in tibial shaft fractures.
Strengths and Difficulties among Adolescent with and without Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) have become a major concern in modern societies. It is essential to detect their emotional, behavioral and social consequences as early as childhood. The aim of this study is to examine a set of strengths and difficulties and compare them between students with and without SLD. Participants in this study were adolescents aged 11–18 years from Budapest and villages of its Metropolitan area (Hungary) (N = 276, mean age = 13.6 years, SD = 1.8, 54.7% boys). Due to multistage sampling, a nearly equal number of students had SLD or not. In addition to sociodemographics, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Satisfaction With Life Scale and the Proactive Coping Inventory were included in the survey, and t-test, correlation and logistic regression analysis were applied in statistical analyses. Our findings suggest that in early adolescence (ages 11–14 years), conduct and peer problems, in late adolescence (ages 15–18 years), emotional problems, highlighted SLD. In terms of strengths, prosocial behavior in children with SLD may compensate difficulties, especially at a younger age. Students from lower SES families and those having parents with a lower educational level are more likely to have a diagnosis of SLD. Teachers and special educators should take care of improving the adolescents’ prosociality, social and coping skills and listening to emotional, conduct and peer problems in those with SLD.
EFFECTS OF WATER HYACINTH ON WATER QUALITY OF WINAM GULF, LAKE VICTORIA.

Lake Victoria is the second largest freshwater body in the world by surface area. It is important for the livelihood of people living in the area. The lake is currently facing many problems, one of which is macrophyte encroachment mainly the water hyacinth, Eicchornia crassipes. Winam Gulf is a large inlet from Lake Victoria that extends into Kenya. In order to study the effects of water hyacinth on water quality in the gulf, measurements of water properties were made in the north-eastern corner of the gulf, when the area was covered with hyacinth in March 2000. The hyacinth was then cut and dumped on the bottom during the period June to beginning of August when all water hyacinth had been removed with measurements being made again in July. Water properties were again measured in November to see the changes made by the cutting of the hyacinth. The oxygen levels in the gulf were found to increase significantly (2-4 mg/l) after the shredding of the hyacinth. The largest changes occurred in the bottom layers. This happened quite soon after the shredding was completed. Current measurements were also made and they indicate that the wind is the main driving force of currents in the area. They also show that the circulation in the gulf is mainly horizontal rather than vertical.
Effects of ozone therapy on joint rehabilitation in patients with osteoarthritis: a systematic review

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a comorbidity of chronic and multifactorial pain, characterized by a degenerative joint process that compromises functionality. Ozone therapy has proven to be a good rehabilitation strategy in view of its regenerative and antioxidant effects. Objective: To describe the effects of ozone therapy on tissue recovery, with regard to pain and functionality, impacting the joint rehabilitation of patients with osteoarthritis. Methods: Refers to a systematic review guided by the PICO strategy, the search was performed in the Lilacs, Pubmed, and Central databases, with the descriptors: osteoarthritis, degenerative arthritis, cartilage, damaged cartilage, arthritis, joint, ozone, ozone therapy, ozone therapy, ozone injection, pain, arthralgia, chronic pain, joint pain, mobility, mobility limitation, range of motion and functionality, using the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR", including articles from 2016 to 2021. Results: After reading the title and abstract, 40 studies were found, 5 were selected according to the inclusion criteria, which showed that ozone therapy is effective in joint rehabilitation for pain and functionality markers. However, with differences in duration of effects when compared to other therapies, being more effective in the short term. Conclusion: Ozone therapy is effective in reducing pain and inflammation, and in functional improvement, directly impacting the joint rehabilitation of patients with osteoarthritis.
State estimation of the Labrador Sea with a coupled sea ice-ocean adjoint model

Sea ice (SI) and ocean variability in marginal polar and subpolar seas are closely coupled. SI variability in the Labrador Sea is of climatic interest because of its relationship to deep convection/mode water formation, carbon sequestration, and Northern Hemisphere atmospheric patterns. Historically, quantifying the link between the region’s observed SI and oceanic variability has been limited due to in situ observation paucity and technical challenges associated with synthesizing ocean and SI observations with a three-dimensional time-evolving dynamically consistent numerical model. To elaborate upon the relationship between SI and ocean variability, a one year (19961997) state estimate of the ocean and sea ice state in Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay is constructed and analyzed. The estimate is a synthesis of a regional coupled 32 km ocean and sea ice model with a suite of contemporary in situ and satellite hydrographic and SI data. The synthesis of SI data is made possible with the (novel) adjoint of a thermodynamic SI model. Model and data are made consistent, in a least-squares sense, by iteratively adjusting several control variables, such as ocean initial and lateral open boundary conditions and the atmospheric state, to minimize an uncertainty-weighted model-data misfit cost function. It is shown that the SI pack attains a state of quasi-equilibrium in mid-March during which net SI growth/melt approaches zero; newly-formed SI diverges from coastal areas and converges, via wind/ocean forcing, in the marginal ice zone (MIZ). It is further shown that SI converging in the MIZ is primarily ablated by turbulent ocean-SI enthalpy fluxes. The primary source of energy required for sustained MIZ ice ablation is revealed to be the sensible heat reservoir of the subtropical-origin subsurface waters. Enthalpy from the heat reservoir is entrained into the mixed layer via buoyancy loss-driven convective deepening and brought to the SI via vertical mixing. An analysis of ocean surface buoyancy fluxes reveals a critical role of low-salinity upper ocean anomalies for the advancement of SI seaward of the Arctic Water/Irminger Water thermohaline front. Anomalous low-salinity waters slow the rate of buoyancy loss-driven mixed layer deepening, shielding an advancing SI pack from the subsurface heat reservoir, and are conducive to a positive surface stratification enhancement feedback from SI meltwater release, both of which extend SI lifetimes. Preliminary analysis of two additional one-year state estimates (1992-1993, 2003-2004) suggests that interannual hydrographic variability provides a first-order explanation for SI maximum extent anomalies. Additional research on the mechanisms controlling the origin and distribution of upper ocean salinity anomalies is required to further understand observed SI variability in the northwest North