Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Array Measurements of a 1:10.6 Scaled Airbus A340 Model

Acoustic array measurements were carried out on a 1:10.6 scaled Airbus A340 model. Tests were done in both the open jet and a closed test section of the DNW-LLF wind tunnel. The purpose of these measurements was to investigate several noise reduction concepts for high-lift devices (slats and flaps) in landing configuration. The possibilities and limitations of arrays for the determination of quantitative results are discussed. Besides the identification of dominant noise source regions with conventional beamforming, local source spectra were determined using a power integration method. For the open jet results, the integration method was applied with and without the ’diagonal removal’ (DR) technique, in which the main diagonal of the cross-power matrix is discarded. It is shown that application of DR results in meaningful local spectra, whereas without DR the results are obscured by the influence of the main diagonal. On the other hand, by comparing integrated spectra with absolute sound levels on farfield microphones, it is shown that the application of DR, in combination with coherence loss, results in significantly reduced absolute levels. However, while the absolute sound levels can be too low, level differences between configurations can be accurately determined under certain conditions. From the closed test section array results, dominant source regions are identified as a function of frequency and angle-ofattack. These results are quantified by application of the integration method to several source areas on the wing. The local and overall effect of noise reduction devices is assessed. The effect of coherence loss on the absolute levels is investigated by varying the effective array size.
Color indices for weed identification under various soil, residue, and lighting conditions

Color slide images of weeds among various soils and residues were digitized and analyzed for red, green, and blue (RGB) color content. Red, green, and blue chromatic coordinates (rgb) of plants were very different from those of background soils and residue. To distinguish living plant material from a nonplant background, several indices of chromatic coordinates were studied, tested, and were successful in identifying weeds. The indices included r-g, g-b, (g-b)/ |r-g|, and 2g-r-b. A modified hue was also used to distinguish weeds from non-plant surfaces. The modified hue, 2g-r-b index, and the green chromatic coordinate distinguished weeds from a nonplant background (0.05 level of significance) better than other indices. However, the modified hue was the most computationally intense. These indices worked well for both nonshaded and shaded sunlit conditions. These indices could be used for sensor design for detecting weeds for spot spraying control.
EFFECT OF FOOTWEAR ON LOWER LIMB KINEMATICS IN CHILDREN DURING SIDESTEP

Wearing shoes has been shown to affect children’s gait and neuromuscular development. This study aims to evaluate the effect of supportive shoes and flexible shoes on children’s lower limb kinematics during sidestep. Fourteen children aged 6 to 13 years, with no foot deformity were recruited. A motion analysis system and a force plate were used for motion capture. Compared to jogging, sidestep has increased sagittal plane motion and a different frontal plane movement pattern. The supportive shoes allowed smaller midfoot sagittal range of motion (ROM) and higher peak knee flexion whereas flexible shoes showed increased motion in the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ), midfoot and hip with increased ankle eversion velocity and knee less internally rotated. Conventional supportive school shoes allowed less motion in healthy children’s feet, thus affecting negatively on long term lower limb functional development.
Effect of Maxigrain supplement on growth performance, economic indices and haematological parameters of heat-stress broilers fed three dietary fibre sources.

The study determined effects of Maxigrain supplementation to 3 dietary fibres on growth performance, economic indices, tibia ash of broilers raised under daily heat stress (420centigrade) of 4 hours. A total of 162 day old broiler chicks of Arbor Acres strain were divided into 6 treatments with 3 replicates per treatment of 27 birds. The fibrous ingredients were wheat offal, rice bran and corn bran. These were included in broiler starter and finisher diets at 3% and 20% respectively. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Birds in groups T1 (wheat offal), T3 (rice bran), T5 (corn bran) were fed unsupplemented diets. Diets in T2 (wheat offal), T4 (rice bran) and T6 (corn bran) were supplemented with Maxigrain® at 100mg/kg. The results showed Maxigrain addition to corn bran- and rice bran-diets significantly (P<0.05) improved feed conversion of heat stress birds. Heat stress chickens fed rice bran Maxigrain diet had better final liveweight and improved compressive strength than those fed enzyme wheat offal diet (final liveweight of 1758.9 versus 1566.67 g per bird and compressive strength of 4.75 versus 3.04 Newton percm2). Heat stress broilers fed rice bran enzyme supplemented diet had the best feed conversion, strongest compressive strength and achieved the highest profit (P<0.05). Birds consumed less of Maxigrain diets. However, the enzyme failed to improve final liveweight of heat stress chickens fed wheat bran diet.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MAPPING OF MYMENSINGH TOWN USING GIS ARCVIEW

The purpose of the study was to develop a GIS scenario for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in the Mymensingh municipal locality and to evaluate waste removal and residual status in the different wards. GIS ArcView 3.2 software was used to develop the GIS-based model and scenario according the geo-reference. Detail information about MSW in the wards was collected through a field survey and FGD with drivers and helpers who were engaged to clean and transport with municipal trolley or truck. GIS-based scenario presented the waste type distribution, status of removed waste, residual waste in different wards throughout the municipal area. The study figured out that the wards specially 3, 5, 7, 8, and 10 covering the area at the Sankipara, Jail road, College road, Town hall, Mechua Bazaar and Nandibari were the most vulnerable polluted area with MSW. The vegetable wastes were the major component in almost all wards. To make the town healthier and clean, the developed GIS scenario will help to visualize at a glance a better understanding of waste management in the municipal area.
Does a Strong Bicultural Identity Matter for Emotional, Cognitive, and Behavioral Engagement?

In the course of their acculturation process, minority students need to negotiate the adaption to the host society’s culture and the maintenance of the culture of their country of origin. This identity construction is complex and may encompass contradicting and competing goals. The adjustment to school is seen as a relevant acculturation marker. An increasingly prominent multidimensional construct is students’ school engagement because it can provide an insight into the way students feel and interact with the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral domains of school. Successful adjustment to school culture, and acculturation in general, can be closely related to school engagement. There is yet no common knowledge about the role bicultural national and/or ethnic identity plays for the three dimensions of school engagement. The present study focusses on minority students in Germany who report a strong bicultural identity (in comparison with single stronger ethnic or national identities, as well as weaker bicultural identification) to explain students’ emotional, cognitive, and behavioral school engagement when controlling for gender, SES, and cultural capital. Data is derived from paper–pencil questionnaires administered in secondary schools in Germany. Regression analyses show that students with a stronger bicultural identity have a significantly higher emotional, cognitive, and behavioral school engagement than their peers with a weaker bicultural identity, when controlling for gender, SES, and cultural capital. The results hint at the relevance of fostering students’ ethnic, but also their national, cultural identity to support their school engagement. Implications for teacher education are discussed.
An experimental and computational study of low Re number transitional flows over an aerofoil with leading edge slat

In this study, a multi-element aerofoil including NACA2415 aerofoil with NACA22 leading edge slat is experimentally and computationally investigated at a transitional Reynolds number of 2105. In the experiment, the single-element aerofoil experiences a laminar separation bubble, and a maximum lift coefficient of 1.3 at a stall angle of attack of 12. This flow has been numerically simulated by FLUENT, employing the recently developed, k-k L- and k- SST transition models. Both transition models are shown to accurately predict the location of the experimentally determined separation bubble. Experimental measurements illustrate that the leading-edge slat significantly delays the stall to an angle of attack of 20, with a maximum lift coefficient of 1.9. The fluid dynamics governing this improvement is the elimination of the separation bubble by the injection of high momentum fluid through the slat over the main aerofoil - an efficient means of flow control. Numerical simulations using the k-kL- transition model are shown to accurately predict the lift curve, including stall, but not the complete elimination of the separation bubble. Conversely, the lift curve prediction using the k- SST transition model is less successful, but the separation bubble is shown to fully vanish in agreement with the experiment.
Exploring brand symbolism amongst 10 year-old urban Pakistani children

This research uses consumer culture theory and thematic analysis to study the phenomenon of brand symbolism and self-image in 10 year old Pakistani boys from the high socioeconomic class. Results reveal that 10-year-old Pakistani boys want to be seen as intelligent and mature. They start benchmarking themselves against an ideal self-image and also develop an understanding of symbolic consumption. Their sense of how different brands correlate with different age groups is well developed and their own consumption is moving in favor of brands and product categories that are patronized by adults.
A simulation study of the performance characteristics of a YAP:Ce detector for positron emission tomography

A Monte Carlo simulation study of the efficiency, the energy and the time resolution of a YAP:Ce /spl gamma/-ray detector for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has been performed. The interaction of 511 keV /spl gamma/-rays, the emission and propagation of UV photons, the PMT pulse formation and the electronic processing unit have been simulated. The dependence of the detector characteristics on the crystal dimensions and on the energy threshold has been examined.
Embolic Cerebral Infarction in Atrial Fibrillation: A Simple Review Article

Stroke is known worldwide as the leading cause of premature death and disability. Developing countries are most exposed to the dual burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases. Poor people are increasingly affected by stroke due to changing risk factors in the population and, most tragically, not being able to afford the high costs of stroke treatment. Despite significant improvements in primary prevention and acute care over the last few decades, stroke remains a catastrophic illness. Unchangeable risk factors for stroke are some established and changeable risk factors for age, gender, race, ethnicity, heredity, and ischemic stroke.
Active Aging through Later Life and Afterlife Planning: Shūkatsu in a Super-Aged Japan

In Japan, the term shūkatsu—referred as the planning for later life and for the afterlife—has gained popularity due to high amount of mass media exposure in recent years. This paper examines shūkatsu from the active aging framework, contending that shūkatsu is an important activity that contributes to active aging, as the process of conscientious planning encourages older Japanese people to remain active. Data for this study were obtained from qualitative interviews that were conducted with 40 older middle-class Japanese citizens residing in Nagoya. Explored through a life course perspective, the study examined how salient factors, such as personal history, experiences, roles, anxieties, life-changing events, and cultural practices, have influenced older Japanese people in their shūkatsu decision-making process. In the process of understanding how the Japanese respond to changing family relationships and sociocultural transformations, the emphasis on living a “good old age” for better social, psychological, and physical well-being strongly reflects the agency to age actively. In a super-aged Japan, shūkatsu may be a vital strategy that not only ensures a better quality of life for the older population and their children, but it also contributes to individual’s sense of usefulness and satisfaction, as they are actively involved in the planning and management of their own later and afterlife choices.
Modeling of small-scale structures and the extension to the analysis of micro tool's dynamics.

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . ii LIST OF PUBLICATIONS . iv LIST OF SYMBOLS . vi LIST OF FIGURES . xiii LIST OF TABLES . xviii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Motivation . 2 1.2.1 Tool dynamics . 8 1.2.2 Cutting edge radius . 10 1.2.3 Cutting speed . 10 1.2.4 Spindle run-out. 11 1.3 Research objectives . 12 1.4 Research scope . 12 1.5 Organization of the thesis . 13 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW . 15 2.1 Introduction . 15 2.2 Design and mechanics of conventional helical cutters . 17 2.3 Modeling of cutting forces . 22 2.4 Development in micro end milling . 24 2.4. 1 Specific cutting force and chip formation in micro end milling . 24 2.4. 2 Surface roughness and burr formation in mechanical micromachining . 26 2.4. 3 Process instability and tool condition monitoring in a micro end milling operation . 27 2.5 On the dynamics of spinning structures . 29 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY . 32 3.1 Introduction . 32
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Parents on Early Childhood Caries in Qatar—A Questionnaire Study

Abstract Objectives The aims of the present study were to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward early childhood caries (ECC) in a group of Qatari parents and to assess the association of sociodemographic factors on their KAP. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study which was based on a piloted self-administered questionnaire was conveniently distributed to parents who attended the Pediatric Dentistry Section, Hamad Dental Center (HDC), Doha, Qatar. The questionnaire comprised four parts which asked about sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. A score for each domain was given based on the percentage of correct answers. Statistical Analysis Descriptive and analytical statistics were employed. For descriptive statistics, frequency of distribution in relation to sociodemographic characteristics and responses to items of the questionnaire were presented. For analytical statistics, associations between independent variables and KAP were employed using Chi-squared tests. Results The overall mean scores of KAP were 60.8%, 65.6% and 72.7%, respectively. Females had significantly higher percentages of correct answers than males (p = 0.001). Only 20% of females had poor knowledge, while it was 40% in males. Parents with university or higher degrees had significantly higher percentage of good attitudes than parents with preparatory or less education (p = 0.05). Areas that necessitated improvement by parents included the following: the amount of toothpaste needed for brushing, signs of tooth demineralization, bacteria that causes tooth decay can be transmitted from mother to her child, and tooth decay can be transmitted by sharing utensils (i.e., spoons, forks). Conclusions The overall KAP of parents toward ECC was relatively fair. However, certain socioeconomic factors (SEF) seemed to influence each domain, and areas of improvement are needed. Areas of improvement are needed in each domain. Mothers were significantly more knowledgeable than fathers regarding oral health issues of their children. Highly educated parents demonstrated better attitudes than the less educated. Continuous educational programs coordinated by health regulatory bodies should be introduced to improve parents' KAP regarding ECC risk factors and prevention.
Agricultural and quality characteristics of sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.) depending on nitrogen applications

Abstract The effect of various amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha−1) on yield and quality traits of Anatolian sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.) were investigated under Turkey’s Eskişehir ecological conditions in 2016–2018. Except essential oil content, all parameters examined in this study increased significantly with nitrogen applications. While dry leaf yield increased significantly with up to nitrogen fertilization 150 kg ha−1, essential oil yield increased up to 100 kg ha−1. On the other hand, the essential oil content decreased significantly with nitrogen applications. The main components of the essential oil were identified as 1,8-cineole (synonym: eucalyptol) followed by camphor. While the highest 1,8-cineole content (48.39%) was determined under 100 kg ha−1 nitrogen fertilizer condition, the lowest camphor content (6.88%) was determined under non-nitrogen fertilizer condition. Considering all the nitrogen applications of field trials, it can be said that while 150 kg ha−1 nitrogen fertilizer is more suitable for dry leaf yield, 100 kg ha−1 nitrogen fertilizer is more suitable for yield and compositions of essential oil.
A computational biology approach for the identification of potential SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors from natural essential oil compounds.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has fomented a climate of fear worldwide due to its rapidly spreading nature, and high mortality rate. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a global pandemic on 11th March, 2020. Many endeavors have been made to find appropriate medications to restrain the SARS CoV-2 infection from spreading but there is no specific antiviral therapy to date. However, a computer-aided drug design approach can be an alternative to identify probable drug candidates within a short time. SARS-CoV-2 main protease is a proven drug target, and it plays a pivotal role in viral replication and transcription. Methods: In this study, we identified a total of 114 essential oil compounds as a feasible anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent from several online reservoirs. These compounds were screened by incorporating ADMET profiling, molecular docking, and 50 ns of molecular dynamics simulation to identify potential drug candidates against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. The crystallized SARS-CoV-2 main protease structure was collected from the RCSB PDB database (PDB ID 6LU7). Results: According to the results of the ADMET study, none of the compounds have any side effects that could reduce their druglikeness or pharmacokinetic properties. Out of 114 compounds, we selected bisabololoxide B, eremanthin, and leptospermone as our top drug candidates based on their higher binding affinity scores, and strong interaction with the Cys 145-His 41 catalytic dyad. Finally, the molecular dynamics simulation was implemented to evaluate the structural stability of the ligand-receptor complex. MD simulations disclosed that all the hits showed conformational stability compared to the positive control α-ketoamide. Conclusions: Our study showed that the top three hits might work as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents, which can pave the way for discovering new drugs, but for experimental validation, they will require more in vivo trials.
Development of an Antifungal Device Based on Oriental Mustard Flour to Prevent Fungal Growth and Aflatoxin B1 Production in Almonds

The present study describes the manufacture of an antifungal device composed of oriental mustard flour and hydroxyethyl-cellulose (H-OMF) and evaluates its efficacity in inhibiting Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production in almonds. Additionally, it compares the H-OMF with allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and a freeze-dried extract of yellow mustard flour (YMF-E); such substances were previously described as antifungal. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), the H-OMF in vitro antifungal activity, and the residual fungal population, as well as the production of AFB1 in almonds were determined. AITC and YMF-E showed significant antifungal activity in vitro. Additionally, the in vitro activity of H-OMF avoided mycelial growth by applying 30 mg/L. Almonds treated with AITC (5.07, 10.13, and 20.26 mg/L) and H-OMF (2000 and 4000 mg/L) showed a reduction in the population of A. flavus and the production of AFB1 to values below the limit of detection. YMF-E showed effectiveness by in vitro methodologies (MIC and MFC) but did not show efficacy when applied in almonds. Our findings indicated that the hydroxyethyl-cellulose-based device containing oriental mustard flour might be utilised as a fumigant to increase the safety of almonds and could be extended to other cereals or dry fruits.
Consumers’ attitudes, motives and behaviour towards organic yoghurt in Croatia

The organic food market is constantly growing, while organic yoghurt belongs to the category of the best-selling organic products in the dairy products group. The aim of this study was to determine consumer behaviour in the purchase and consumption of organic yoghurt, attitudes concerning organic yoghurt, and motives for organic yoghurt purchase. An online survey was conducted among organic yoghurt buyers. More than a third of respondents buy and consume organic yoghurt two to three times a month. Respondents buy most often organic yoghurt made from cow’s milk, in plastic packaging, in supermarkets and specialty stores. The most important motives for buying organic yoghurt are health, nutritional value, and food safety. Respondents have positive attitudes about organic yoghurt. The results of this research are useful for organic food producers (especially organic yoghurt producers) in planning and improving production, and also for food marketing experts in designing and implementing promotional activities.
Towards Interband Cascade lasers on InP Substrate

In this study, we propose designs of an interband cascade laser (ICL) active region able to emit in the application-relevant mid infrared (MIR) spectral range and to be grown on an InP substrate. This is a long-sought solution as it promises a combination of ICL advantages with mature and cost-effective epitaxial technology of fabricating materials and devices with high structural and optical quality, when compared to standard approaches of growing ICLs on GaSb or InAs substrates. Therefore, we theoretically investigate a family of type II, “W”-shaped quantum wells made of InGaAs/InAs/GaAsSb with different barriers, for a range of compositions assuring the strain levels acceptable from the growth point of view. The calculated band structure within the 8-band k·p approximation showed that the inclusion of a thin InAs layer into such a type II system brings a useful additional tuning knob to tailor the electronic confined states, optical transitions’ energy and their intensity. Eventually, it allows achieving the emission wavelengths from below 3 to at least 4.6 μm, while still keeping reasonably high gain when compared to the state-of-the-art ICLs. We demonstrate a good tunability of both the emission wavelength and the optical transitions’ oscillator strength, which are competitive with other approaches in the MIR. This is an original solution which has not been demonstrated so far experimentally. Such InP-based interband cascade lasers are of crucial application importance, particularly for the optical gas sensing.