Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface kinetics of N and O atoms in discharges

The probability, , of losses of N and O atoms on Pyrex walls was determined from a fit of calculated to measured concentrations [O] and [NO] in a low-pressure glow discharge in , for percentage concentrations . The kinetic model used for calculations includes a detailed description of the processes occurring in the discharge bulk and of the surface reactions of O and N atoms. It was found that and are functions of the ratio and the wall temperature, . The values of were found to increase from about to about as increases from 1% to 90% (corresponding to ). The probability was found to be independent of and to depend only on in the range . For , however, depends on , its magnitude increasing by a factor of 2 - 5 as . The kinetic model developed here for surface reactions provides closed expressions for and in terms of the rate constants and the activation energies for these reactions. It is shown that the behaviour of and is well explained by the model under the following conditions: (i) the main surface processes for the low wall temperatures involved are reversible adsorption followed by surface diffusion of the adatoms to active sites, where they may either be irreversibly adsorbed or recombine; and (ii) there exist two independent systems of active sites, with different reaction probabilities.
Study on Modification and Phosphorus-Adsorption Capacity of Zeolite

Zeolite is a kind of normal adsorber. Unfortunately the adsorption capacity of natural zeolite is low, it must be activated on behalf of reaching a higher adsorption capacity. On this condition, removal of phosphorus through modifying zeolite has been studied in lab scale through using a mechanically stirred batch system. The results showed that the adsorption isotherm of modified zeolite conformed to Freundlich model and the rate of adsorption conformed to Banerm equation.
Bioavailability of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn from Biosolids Amended Compost

Appropriate compost standards are being considered in Canada. Five aspects of compost safety and quality are being evaluated; probably the most controversial aspect is the standards for metals in compost. In order to assist in the development of appropriate standards, the authors began an extensive research project in October, 1993 to determine the bioavailability of metals from compost and compost-metal mixtures. Swiss chard was grown in compost-amended soils or compost in a growth room using five treatments of increasing percentages of compost in the media (0, 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, 100 percent compost (v/v)). A Truro loamy sand and a race-track manure-biosolids compost (RTM-biosolids) supplemented with a high metal biosolids were used in a completely randomized design with five replicates. Dry matter yield, metal content in plant tissue, and total metal uptake were evaluated as well as the total and DTPA-extractable metal content in the compost-soil mixes. The results of this and five othe.
Effect of Manganese Promotion on Al-Pillared Montmorillonite Supported Cobalt Nanoparticles for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

The effect of Mn-promotion on high surface area Al-pillared montmorillonite (AlMMT) supported Co nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal method have been investigated. A series of different weight% Mn-promoted Co nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by XRD, TPR, TGA, BET and SEM techniques. An increase in the surface area of MMT is observed with Al-pillaring. Fischer-Tropsch catalytic activity of the as prepared catalysts was studied in a fixed bed micro reactor at , = 2 and at 1 atm pressure. The data showed that by the addition of Mn the selectivity of dropped drastically while that of hydrocarbons increased significantly over all the Mn-promoted Co/AlMMT catalysts. The hydrocarbons remained almost same for all the catalysts while the selectivity of long chain hydrocarbons decreased considerably with the addition of Mn. The catalyst with 3.5%Mn showed lowest and highest hydrocarbons selectivity due to cracking of long chain hydrocarbons over acidic sites of MMT.
The copolymerization reactivity of diols with 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid for furan-based copolyester materials

Furan-based copolyesters were synthesized via polytransesterification of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) with ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,4-butylene glycol (BG). The composition and thermal properties of the obtained copolyesters were characterized in detail by 1H NMR and elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimeters (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The 1H NMR results showed that the ethylene segment content was consistently lower than that of butylene in the obtained copolyesters in comparison with the comonomer feeds. The reactivities of EG and BG with FDCA were intensively investigated. On the basis of kinetic studies, EG was found to be less reactive than BG. The thermal properties of the obtained copolyesters could be adjusted by variation of the EG/BG molar ratios in the copolyesters.
Advances in the RF atomic iodine generator for oxygen-iodine laser

Recent advances in the RF atomic iodine generator for oxygen-iodine lasers are presented. The generator is based on the RF discharge dissociation of a suitable iodine donor immediately before its injection to the flow of singlet oxygen. The discharge is ignited directly in the iodine injector, and the configuration is ready for the laser operation. The dissociation fraction was derived from the atomic iodine number density measured at a presupposed position of laser resonator. The dissociation fraction and the fraction of RF power spent on the dissociation (discharge dissociation efficiency) were measured for the following donors: CH3I, CF3I and HI. A significant improvement of the discharge stability was achieved by increasing the cross-sectional area of the exit injection holes and employing a tangential inlet of working gas into the discharge chamber. The flow rates 0.15 mmol/s and 0.19 mmol/s of produced atomic iodine were achieved using the HI and CF3I, respectively. The atomic iodine number density in the supersonic flow attained 4.22 × 1014 cm-3. The dissociation efficiency was substantially better for HI than for studied organic iodides.
Measurement of the rate coefficients for the bimolecular and termolecular charge transfer reactions of He2+ with Ne, Ar, N2, CO, CO2, and CH4

This work reports the measurement of termolecular charge transfer reactions of He2+ into nonassociative product channels. In this study ion destruction frequencies have been experimentally determined from the selectively excited fluorescence of N2+ in high pressure afterglows of mixed gases excited by an intense electron beam discharge. Data have been obtained as functions of helium pressure over the range from 300 to 1500 torr and as functions of the partial pressure of reactant from 25 to 400 μ Hg. From these data, pressure‐dependent rate coefficients have been extracted and subsequently resolved into contributions from bimolecular and termolecular components for reactions of He2+ with Ne, Ar, N2, CO, CO2, and CH4. The bimolecular components have been found to agree with the ESSA flowing afterglow results to within experimental error, and in some cases the values reported here represent an improvement in precision. The sensitivity of the method has been sufficient to detect termolecular components as sm.
Exploring Abstract Concepts for Images Privacy Classification in Social Media

The work presented in this dissertation focuses on the task of predicting the privacy class of images posted on social media. In particular, the results we are going to show aim at supporting the hypothesis that abstract concepts are better suited for capturing the private nature of content shared online. The definition of abstractness we adopted along this work refers to the idea of something that is elevated from anything concerning the sphere of perceptions, difficult to be appreciated through our senses or impossible to conceptualize as something even remotely physical. We developed a novel approach to investigate this hypothesis about abstractness in the context of a specific task. Specifically we applied this type of analysis on the textual user tags associated to a total of around 3 thousands selected images recently posted on Flickr. The privacy classification task we target is binary and consists in labeling posts as "public" or "private". In order to provide a solid foundation to our experimental setup, we evaluated the performances of different types of classification models, achieving results following a similar pattern. To the best of our knowledge we are the first facing this kind of investigation, trying to define some guidelines for the development of a methodology that could be applied to many different topics and used as proof for intensifying the focus of researchers toward concepts' abstractness. In the effort of expanding the initial resources about words' abstractness, our contribution dealt with the task of scoring terms by abstractness, evaluating several techniques. Our approach made use of a dataset and samples' representations never tried before. After extensive analysis the results have been used for scoring, as precisely as possible, a set of unlabeled words, exploited for further experimentation in the privacy prediction task. The results of this thesis' work are demonstrating the truthfulness of the hypothesis introduced, supporting it from different points of view. We conclude our analysis providing some insights about the directions the future works could follow starting from our conclusions.
FENTANYL & BUTORPHANOL AS CO - INDUCTION AGENTS FOR LMA INSERTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Co Induction Agents for LMA. BACKGROUND: A randomized double blind comparative study was done to assess the effectiveness of fentanyl & butorphanol as coinduction agents with propofol for insertion of Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) in adults for elective short surgical procedures. METHODS: Sixty patients of ASA grade 1 and 2 between 15-55 years of age were randomly divided into two groups. After giving standard premedication group A was given injection butorphanol 20 mcg/kg IV and group B injection fentanyl 1.5mcg/kg IV. Both the groups were immediately given propofol 2.5mg/kg IV over 15 seconds until loss of eyelash reflex, after which LMA insertion was performed 60 seconds after injection of propofol. Patients were kept on spontaneous respiration and maintained with isoflurane 0.5%-1.2%, 60%N2O, and 40%O2 along with propofol bolus when required. RESULTS: In our study propofol requirement for LMA insertion was significantly less in butorphanol group and significantly less apnea time was seen with butorphanol (96.66%) as compared to fentanyl (76.66%). The incidence of absolute jaw relaxation was highest in butorphanol (93.33%) and excellent insertion conditions were observed. Best insertion conditions were seen in 92.30% of butorphanol group and 74.15% in fentanyl group. CONCLUSION: The addition of butorphanol to propofol for LMA insertion provides good jaw relaxation and excellent LMA insertion conditions with stable haemodynamics. Side effects like coughing, gagging, lacrimation, and limb movements are lower as compared to the other group. So, butorphanol is a good adjuvant with propofol for LMA insertion during short surgical procedures under general anesthesia.
Tropospheric carbon dioxide concentrations at a northern boreal site in Finland: basic variations and source areas

Abstract Diurnal and annual variations of CO2, O3, SO2, black carbon and condensation nuclei and their source areas were studied by utilizing air parcel trajectories and tropospheric concentration measurements at a boreal GAW site in Pallas, Finland. The average growth trend of CO2 was about 2.5 ppm yr−1 according to a 4-yr measurement period starting in October 1996. The annual cycle of CO2 showed concentration difference of about 19 ppm between the summer minimum and winter maximum. The diurnal cycle was most pronounced during July and August. The variation between daily minimum and maximum was about 5 ppm. There was a diurnal cycle in aerosol concentrations during spring and summer. Diurnal variation in ozone concentrations was weak. According to trajectory analysis the site was equally affected by continental and marine air masses. During summer the contribution of continental air increased, although the southernmost influences decreased. During daytime in summer the source areas of CO2 were mainly located in the northern parts of the Central Europe, while during winter the sources were more evenly distributed. Ozone showed similar source areas during summer, while during winter, unlike CO2, high concentrations were observed in air arriving from the sea. Sulfur dioxide sources were more northern (Kola peninsula and further east) and CO2 sources west-weighted in comparison to sources of black carbon. Source areas of black carbon were similar to source areas of aerosols during winter. Aerosol source area distributions showed signs of marine sources during spring and summer.
EFFECT OF FOLIAR NUTRITION ON GROWTH, GREEN AND FODDER YIELD OF SWEET CORN

Two field experiments were performed at the Jenaan Farm, El-Oweinat East, New Valley Governorate, during the two summer seasons of 2008 and 2009. The main objectives of this study were to determine the effect of three chemical substances (Di-ammonium phosphate, Di-potassium phosphate and Borax ) as a sources of NPK and B nutrients on growth and yield of sweet corn variety Songer. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates, under sprinkler irrigation system. The obvious result of this investigation can be summarized as follows: 1- Spraying with Di-ammonium phosphate (as a source of N and P) favorably influenced the growth parameters, yield attributes and green cob and fodder yields of sweet corn as compared with other treatments. 2- Application of Di-ammonium phosphate at the rate of 7.5% concentration at 20 and 40 days after sowing significantly increased growth parameters with thicker cobs and corns, and increased the individual cob weight, which in turn increased the green cob yield of sweet corn. Generally, increasing in growth parameters resulted in increasing green fodder yield. 3- Application of NPK and B with different concentrations (0.25 and 0.50%) failed to influence the growth and yield of sweet corn.
Perovskites: The Emergence of a New Era for Low-Cost, High-Efficiency Solar Cells

Over the last 12 months, we have witnessed an unexpected breakthrough and rapid evolution in the field of emerging photovoltaics, with the realization of highly efficient solid-state hybrid solar cells based on organometal trihalide perovskite absorbers. In this Perspective, the steps that have led to this discovery are discussed, and the future of this rapidly advancing concept have been considered. It is likely that the next few years of solar research will advance this technology to the very highest efficiencies while retaining the very lowest cost and embodied energy. Provided that the stability of the perovskite-based technology can be proven, we will witness the emergence of a contender for ultimately low-cost solar power.
Unsaturated polyester resins based on recycled PET: Preparation and curing behavior

The oligomers obtained from the glycolysis of Poly(ethlene terephthalate) (PET) waste were reacted with maleic anhydride to form a series of unsaturated polyester resins. The obtained resin was used to study the curing reaction with styrene by differential scanning calorimetry. The heats of reaction for styrene and polyester vinyl groups were measured by extrapolating the experimental results. Various kinetic parameters have been obtained using Kissinger expressions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1052–1057, 2001
Recent experiments on vacuum breakdown of oxygen-free copper electrodes

The effects of the gas content, in situ sputter cleaning, annealing and a mirror finish of OFC (oxygen-free copper) electrodes on the electrical breakdown in a vacuum were investigated. The grade of the OFC meets the ASTM-F-68 class 1 standard. ECB (electrochemical buffing) or diamond turning was employed for obtaining a mirror finish. It was found that every one of parameters investigated, namely, low gas content, in situ sputter cleaning and annealing, increases the breakdown fields after conditioning due to repetitive breakdowns. In addition, a higher annealing temperature produced higher breakdown fields. The mirror finish reduced the required number of breakdowns (conditioning procedure by repetitive breakdowns) to improve the insulating capability of the vacuum gap. A breakdown field of /spl sim/250 MV/m was obtained by a combination of annealing at 700/spl deg/C and a mirror finish by diamond turning. It has been pointed out that the combination of these treatments is necessary for obtaining higher breakdown fields. The effect of annealing and diamond turning is discussed on the basis of the recrystallization of copper and residual stresses on the surface.
Water−Ethanol Mixtures at Different Compositions and Temperatures. A Dieletric Relaxation Study

At eight temperatures T between 0 and 60 °C and at five mole fractions xe of ethanol (0 < xe ≤ 1) the complex (electric) permittivity of ethanol/water mixtures has been measured as a function of frequency ν between 1 MHz and 24 GHz. At 25 °C the ethanol permittivities are completed by literature data for the frequency range 200 MHz to 90 GHz. The spectra for ethanol and for the ethanol/water mixtures are compared to permittivity spectra for water which, at some temperatures, are available up to 900 GHz. All spectra of the ethanol/water system can be well represented by the assumption of two relaxation regions. The relaxation time τ1 of the dominating relaxation process varies between 4 ps (xe = 0, 60 °C) and 310 ps (xe = 1, 0 °C). The relaxation time τ2 of the second relaxation process is smaller. Evaluation of the extrapolated low frequency (“static”) permittivity yields a minium in the effective dipole orientation correlation of the ethanol/water system at 0.2 ≤ xe ≤ 0.4. In this composition range, othe.
ASSESSMENT OF NITROGEN NUTRITION OF WALNUT TREES USING FOLIAR ANALYSIS AND CHLOROPHYLL MEASUREMENTS

The response of walnut trees to nitrogen (N) availability was studied on 3-year-old pot-grown trees (Juglans major MJ209 L. Juglans regia L.) in a greenhouse and on 10-year-old field grown trees. The greenhouse pot trial included 5 N levels (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5 g N per plant), and the field trial compared walnut trees with or without N2-fixing intercrops. In the greenhouse trial, the growth of both root and aerial parts was found to be significantly dependent on N availability. The deficiency treatment (0.25 g N/plant) reduced leaf and root dry weights to 30 and 54% of those of the sufficiency treatment (5 g N/plant) values. The analysis of the youngest fully expanded leaf after the end of shoot elongation period was a good indicator of the tree N nutrition level. Severe deficiency corresponded to leaf N contents below 17 g N kg−1 DM (mean dry matter), light deficiency between 17 and 24, and maximum growth was obtained with 26 g N kg−1 DM contents. Terminal leaflet chlorophyll measurements were linearly correlated with N concentration expressed on a leaf area basis (g N m−2, r2=0.73 for greenhouse trees and r2=0.86 for field trees). The chlorophyll meter readings divided by the specific leaf weight were also correlated with N expressed on a weight basis (g N kg−1 DM, r2=0.73 for greenhouse trees and r2=0.89 for field trees). However, these relationships were found to be dependent of environmental conditions and were different between greenhouse and field grown trees. Relative indices of chlorophyll measurements and of N concentrations were however consistent over the two sites. Chlorophyll meter measurements could therefore be a useful method to assess the N nutrition status of walnut trees at a low cost, provided that some reference trees with sufficient N nutrition are locally available.
Adsorption of Bromate From Aqueous Solutions by Modified Granular Activated Carbon: Batch and Column Tests

Bromate by-product formation during ozonation of bromide-containing potable water has aroused widespread concern. In this study, cetylpyridinium chloride was selected to modify two different kinds of granular activated carbon (GAC) to improve their bromate adsorption capacity. The adsorption characteristics of modified GAC were studied by batch and column tests, with results suggesting greatly improved bromate adsorption ability: the saturation capacities for bromate were >7 times for modified GAC than for GAC under the experimental conditions used. This enhancement in adsorptive capacity is likely due to an increase in basic functional groups, because the saturated adsorption capacity of bromate on the GAC is positively correlated with the basic functional groups. The increase of the basic functional groups accelerates OH- dissociation from the GAC surface and protonation of the GAC surface, thus resulting in the enhancement in adsorptive capacity. The modified GAC was relatively immune to the impact of pH change over a broad range. Both the Yoon-Nelson model and the Thomas model fit well the breakthrough curves of bromate adsorbed by modified and unmodified GAC under different conditions. Our results provide insight into the sorption process of bromate onto modified GAC.
The Effects of Class-Wide Function-Related Intervention Teams in Two Middle School Art Classrooms

The Effects of Class-Wide Function-Related Intervention Teams in Two Middle School Art Classrooms Kimberly Davis Monson Department of Counseling Psychology and Special Education, BYU Educational Specialist Classroom management is a common challenge in middle schools. Class-wide FunctionRelated Intervention Teams (CW-FIT) is a multi-tiered intervention designed to decrease problem behaviors at the classroom level (Wills et al., 2010). It is comprised of evidence-based practices such as teaching classroom expectations, increasing teacher praise, and using positive reinforcement in an interdependent group contingency. CW-FIT has shown promise in a variety of school settings, but it has not been tested in middle school art classrooms. This was initial investigation examining the effects of CW-FIT using a single-subject ABAB design in two middle school art classrooms. Results indicated that class on-task behavior increased by more than 25% and teacher praise-to-reprimand ratios more than doubled during CW-FIT implementation, compared to baseline levels. Results also indicated that on-task behavior for students identified as at-risk for emotional/behavioral disorders improved by more than 18% during the intervention. Teachers and students found the intervention to be socially valid. Results indicate promising implications for using CW-FIT in other middle school art classrooms.
Electron energy loss and X-ray absorption spectroscopy of rutile and anatase: a test of structural sensitivity

The electron energy loss and X-ray absorption spectra of two phases of titanium dioxide-rutile and anatase-are reported. Although the nearest-neighbour environments of titanium and oxygen in both these structures are very similar, noticeable differences are observed between the electron energy loss and the X-ray absorption spectra. Attempts to model these differences using real-space multiple-scattering calculations are reasonably successful at the Ti K and O K edges. The authors propose an interpretation of the Ti L2.3 edge, notably for the presence of a previously unobserved splitting on the L3 edge.
Cooperative catalysis by acid–base bifunctional graphene

Acid–base bifunctional catalysts are of particularly interest, but also present great challenges in synthesis and applications. In this study, acid–base bifunctional graphene oxide hybrids were obtained by the modification of graphene oxide (GO) through a silylation reaction and radical addition. The obtained bifunctional hybrids displayed high acid and base catalytic activities towards a typical one-pot acid–base reaction sequence called deacetalization–nitroaldol reaction.