Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of White light imaging (WLI), EUS and ME-NBI for assessing the invasive depth of early gastric cancer: a meta-analysis

White light imaging (WLI), magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME-NBI) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) are widely used imaging modalities for detecting the invasive depth of early gastric cancer (EGC). However, the diagnostic efficacy of the three types of endoscopic techniques has been controversial. We conducted a literature search on PubMed, Embase and the Web of Science databases. Meta-analyses were performed to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio and were used to construct a summary receiver operating characteristic curve. Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria and included 7880 patients. For WLI, the pooled sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) were 85.00%, 68.00% and 0.836, respectively, for mucosal (M) layer and 65.00%, 83.00% and 0.797, respectively, for submucosal (SM) layer. For EUS, the pooled sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 76.00%, 72.00% and 0.85, respectively, for M and 53.00%, 83.00% and 0.801, respectively, for SM. However, when using ME-NBI to distinguish between SM and M, the reported sensitivity and specificity without combining the data changed from 37.5% to 81.80% for SM and 81.60% to 88.30% for M. Compared to EUS, WLI has a relatively similar accuracy for staging the depth of invasion of EGCs. Accordingly, it may not be necessary to use EUS in the staging of EGCs. Due to the small number of studies and the lack of uniform diagnostic criteria, it is difficult to conclude that ME-NBI could be used for predicting the invasive depth of EGCs.
Discourse anaphora – theoretical perspectives

The study of pronouns and anaphora has been integral to the study of formal semantics, giving a variety of insights into the logic underlying natural language. In the values that they can take, pronouns reveal the primitive semantic objects that natural language can make reference to. In the long-distance logical relationship that holds between a pronoun and its antecedent, they give insight into the architecture of the compositional system. The sign language modality provides unique advantages to the study of pronouns and discourse anaphora. Most notably, through the use of space, many sign languages allow the connection between a pronoun and its antecedent to be made phonologically overt: noun phrases (e.g. John, someone, .) may be placed at locations in space (‘loci’); pronouns then can refer back to an antecedent by literally pointing at the locus where the antecedent was indexed. As a result, sentences that would be ambiguous in spoken language can be disambiguated in sign language. Example (1) provides a simple example.1
Discussion: Concentration for ordered smoothers

This discussion focuses on concentration results such as Proposition 1 in Arlot (2019) used by the author to study the Slope heuristics and minimal penalties. I will restrict my discussion to the case of the normal mean model with Ridge regression estimates, to highlight a phenomenon surprisingly different from Arlot (2019, Proposition 1). Consider the following setting: y ∼ N(μ, In) is observed for an unknown mean μ ∈ Rn. A design matrix X ∈Rn×p is available and the practitioner wishes to fit Ridge regression estimates
Toxicity of Arsenic , Aluminum , Chromium and Nickel to the Embryos of the Freshwater Snail , Radix quadrasi von Möellendorf 1898

Heavy metals are one of the major toxicants affecting different organisms including freshwater snails. To examine this problem, the effects of arsenic (As3+), aluminum (Al3+), chromium (Cr6+), and nickel (Ni2+) on the embryonic development of the freshwater pulmonate, Radix quadrasi, were determined. For the acute toxicity of individual metals, a total of 100 egg masses were subjected to static renewal test for 96h. Sublethal toxicity test based on adjusted LC10-96h concentrations was conducted for 14 days. Based on the LC50-96h, the toxicity trend for embryos was Cr6+ (0.0263 mg/L) > As3+(1.0147 mg/L) > Ni2+ (1.5877 mg/L) > Al3+(1.8787 mg/L). Sublethal toxicity test showed growth retardation as the most common abnormality among embryos exposed to As3+, Al3+ and Ni2+, followed by edema and thinning of the shell. The hatchability and incubation period were also significantly decreased and prolonged in all treatment groups as compared to the control. The lowest observed effective concentration which induced abnormality was lower than the criteria continuous concentration and comparable to the detected field levels in polluted Philippine freshwater system. The present study demonstrated R. quadrasi embryos as a general sensitive bioindicator for trace levels of As3+, Al3+, Ni2+, and Cr6+.
UIScope: Accurate, Instrumentation-free, and Visible Attack Investigation for GUI Applications

—Existing attack investigation solutions for GUI applications suffer from a few limitations such as inaccuracy (because of the dependence explosion problem), requiring instrumentation, and providing very low visibility. Such limitations have hindered their widespread and practical deployment. In this paper, we present UIS COPE , a novel accurate, instrumentation-free, and visible attack investigation system for GUI applications. The core idea of UIS COPE is to perform causality analysis on both UI elements/events which represent users’ perspective and low-level system events which provide detailed information of what happens under the hood, and then correlate system events with UI events to provide high accuracy and visibility. Long running processes are partitioned to individual UI transitions, to which low-level system events are attributed, making the results accurate. The produced graphs contain (causally related) UI elements with which users are very familiar, making them easily accessible. We deployed UIS COPE on 7 machines for a week, and also utilized UIS COPE to conduct an investigation of 6 real-world attacks. Our evaluation shows that compared to existing works, UIS COPE introduces neglibible overhead (less than 1% runtime overhead and 3.05 MB event logs per hour on average) while UIS COPE can precisely identify attack provenance while offering users thorough visibility into the attack context.
Phytoremediation of Aquaculture Wastewater by Colocasia esculenta, Pistia stratiotes, and Limnocharis flava

93 eISSN Number: 2462-2389 © 2017 UMK Publisher. All rights reserved. Phytoremediation of Aquaculture Wastewater by Colocasia esculenta, Pistia stratiotes, and Limnocharis flava Ang Jia Hui, Nor Haniza Hizar, Lim Shuang Rong, Mohamad Faiz Mohd Amin*, Nor Hizami Hassin, Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat, Muhammad Iqbal Ahmad, Mohammad Khairul Azhar Abdul Razab, Nor Hakimin Abdullah Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia School of Health Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
Comparison of yield formation mechanism of different cultivation practices of wheat after rice in Southwest China

Article Type: Full Length Research Article A thorough understanding of winter wheat yield production to the most widespread cultivation practices under rice-wheat rotation system in Southwestern China is crucial for achieving sustainable agriculture. This study simulated 3 main cultivation practices namely as super high-yielding practice (SHY, no tillage, straw mulch, ~270 seedlings m -2 , 180 kg nitrogen ha -1 with 60% applied at base, 40% at jointing), traditional high-yielding practice (THY, no tillage, no mulch, ~180 seedlings m -2 , 180 kg nitrogen ha -1 with 70% applied at base, 30% at seedling) and farmers’ practice (FP, no tillage, straw mulch, ~375 seedlings m -2 , 225 kg nitrogen ha -1 with 100% applied at base) using a field experiment initiated in 2013 and aimed to analysis the tiller population, grain yield (GY), economic profit, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) performances. The results obtained show that SHY significantly increased GY, economic profit and dry matter (DM) when compared with THY and FP. Moreover, the relationship between GY and DM was well correlated (R 2 = 0.79), suggesting changes in GY were mainly due to changes in DM accumulation. SHY enhanced soil water storage and nitrogen use in the entire life cycle of wheat. Furthermore, under the condition of SHY, leaf senescence delayed, photosynthetic rate promoted, and optimizing leaf area index (LAI) development, which provided the dry matter basis for the grain number m -2 and grain weight development. Compared with THY and FP, the SHY showed more favorable impacts on WUE, nitrogen uptake efficiency (NupE), NUE and nitrogen fertilizer productivity (NfP). Due to higher planting density, FP showed a lower shoot dry matter weight and higher lodging ratio than SHY and THY. These results indicating that SHY can be successfully used for wheat production under rice-wheat rotation system in Southwest China and other similar environments. ©2019 BluePen Journals Ltd. All rights reserved
Pro-health role of optimism among people with mental disorders

Aim: Many scientific reports indicate that optimism positively affects our psychophysical well-being. The main purpose of the conducted research was to verify whether optimism is a predictor of health-oriented resources also in patients with paranoid schizophrenia, depressive disorders and depressive schizoaffective disorders. The following health-oriented factors were evaluated in the study: health behaviour, life satisfaction, social functioning and coping with stress. Furthermore, we have verified whether there were any differences related to the level of optimism and health-oriented factors between individuals with mental disorders and a control group. Methods: The following tools were used in the study: Optimism Questionnaire, Health-Related Behaviour Inventory, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale, Beck Depression Inventory. Results: Effects of optimism on some of the health-oriented factors were observed in patients with mental disorders as well as in healthy individuals. Significant differences in the level of health-oriented resources between the study population and controls were reported. Conclusions: The study suggests that generalisation of the conclusions regarding healthy population to individuals with mental disorders should be done with caution. Further research is needed to investigate the health behaviour determinants in patients with mental disorders.
Absolute Calibration for Brewer Spectrophotometers and Total Ozone/UV Radiation at Norikura on the Northern Japanese Alps

Aerological Observatory of JMA started "Observations of Total Ozone and UV Solar Radiation with Brewer Spectrophotometer on the Norikura Mountains" as a joint project with Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), University of Tokyo at the Norikura Observatory of ICRR (Brewer site: 36.11 N, 137.56 E, 2,772 m a.s.l.), locating at the Northern Japanese Alps, every summer seasons since 2009 (Ito et al.: 2011, 2012). Purpose of this study is absolute calibration for Brewers based on the concept of developing Regional Brewer Calibration Centre for Asia, and study of total ozone and UV radiation (GLUV: global UV, DFUV: diffuse UV) by using Brewers (BR#174, BR#113 and BR#060) on the high mountains. In this paper, their absolute calibration results and observation results for five years from 2009 to 2013 are summarized below. (1) By the absolute calibrations of Brewers for total O3 observations, "O3 Extra-Terrestrial Coefficients (=ETC)" of BR#174 and BR#113 could be produced as about 10 samples every year. The representative coefficients every year were stable and identical within 1% to the currently used coefficients for five years. (2) The variation of 5-years mean of total O3 at Norikura in the summer season showed the low value of about -4% compared to the value at Tsukuba (36.06 N, 140.13 E, 39 m a.s.l.) at almost same latitude. However the difference became smaller in late September. (3) The 5-years mean of daily total GLUV (CIE) at Norikura for the season indicated the value of +3% compared to the value at Tsukuba, but the value in clear day did the high value of +40%. (4) The 5-years mean of daily UV (CIE) diffusibility, RDFUV (=DFUV/GLUV), at Norikura in clear day indicated the very lower value of about 0.54 (54%) compared to the value of about 0.72 at Tsukuba, respectively. (5) The UV spectral irradiance of GLUV increased in the short wavelength range at Norikura compared to the value at Tsukuba, and showed as follows; e.g. about +29% at the wavelength of 325nm and about +60% at 300nm in clear day, respectively. (6) The altitudinal increasing rate of GLUV (CIE) in the clear day indicated the calculated amounts of about +14.6% per 1,000 m. These calibrations and observations for five years elucidated the availability of absolute calibration for Brewers at Norikura, and many characteristic of O3 and UV radiation on the high mountains. The continuous observations with Brewers and other instrument are very important for the clarification of the seasonal variation and the coefficient trends.
Enterprise Storage Provisioning with Flash Drives

In the past, enterprise storage systems were conﬁgured with high-end disk drives supporting the SCSI or Fiber Channel protocol. In the last two years, ﬂash drives and low cost SATA drives have entered the enterprise storage market as storage device options. In this paper we present an analytical tool for assessing the conﬁgura-tions formed from a mixture of all device types. Rather than relying on large-scale ﬁne-grained traces, which are very rare, our tool uses ubiquitous coarse-grained logical volume statistics which are readily available in most production systems. We use our tool to analyze logical volume statistics collected from 120 large production systems. We show that mixing ﬂash, SCSI, and SATA drives can lead in most cases to conﬁgurations which are better than using only SCSI devices in all key aspects: price, performance and energy consumption. This contrasts with other recent studies on smaller enterprise systems which are pessimistic about the advantages of ﬂash drives in the enterprise setting.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of oregano extract (Origani vulgaris herba L.)

Introduction. Some ingredients of plant origin possess both antioxidant and bacteriostatic properties. If used in the food industry, they can inhibit microbiological and oxidative damage, thus increasing the shelf life of meat products. Oregano extract is one of such substances, which means that it can be used as an antioxidant and preservative. Therefore, the study of this plant has a significant theoretical and practical potential for the food industry. Study objects and methods. The present research featured ground trimmed beef. The samples with 20% of fat tissue were used to determine the microbiological parameters, while the samples with 30% of fat were used to obtain data on oxidative stability. The control sample contained no additional ingredients. The sample with food additives was pre-treated with acidity regulators and antioxidants, namely sodium acetate E262, ascorbic acid E300, sodium ascorbate E301, sodium citrate E331, and rosemary extract E392. The sample with oregano extract was pre-treated with oregano extract (Origani vulgaris herba L.) in the ratio of 5 g of extract per 1 kg of meat. The extract had been dissolved in 100 g of water. The samples were stored at 4 ± 2°C for 12 days. A CM5 spectrophotometer (Konica Minolta, Japan) was used to determine the color characteristics. The induction period of oxidative stability was determined using an Oxitest oxidative stability analyzer (Velp Scientifica, Italy). The studies were conducted in Austria, Linz. Results and discussion. Oregano extract stabilized the redness rating. For the sample with oregano extract, the induction period of oxidative stability was twice as long as for the control sample and the sample with antioxidants. In addition, oregano inhibited the growth of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Conclusion. The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of oregano extract prolong the shelf life of ground beef, which makes it possible to reduce the amount of food additives.
Relationship between the carapace width and body weight increments and the confirmation of Stage 1 ovary after molting of the immature orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea, (Herbst, 1796) in captivity

This study describes the relationships between the carapace width (CW) and body weight (BW) increments and the confirmation of Stage 1 ovary after the molting of immature orange mud crabs, Scylla olivacea, in captivity. Morphological coloration and histological assessments were done on 165 immature female S. olivacea. Healthy crabs were sampled from the Setiu Wetlands in the coastal waters of Terengganu on the Malaysian Peninsula from July to September 2015. Thirty crabs were sacrificed for a preliminary study as a standard (control) in which the gonads (if available) were dissected for histological study. The remaining crabs (n=135) were selected for subsequent analysis (limb autotomy). Compared to the controls, the molted crabs generally did not produce any difference in the stage of the ovaries (remaining in Stage 1) but were observed to have larger oocytes. This demonstrated that the limb autotomy technique may activate hormone regulation, thus triggering vitellogenesis in the mud crab. There were also positive correlations between CW and BW (P=0.001, P<0.01) and significant differences through regression analysis (P=0.002, P<0.01) with the equation y = 2.61x + 6.27 (R=0.069). These results can be useful for developing baseline data for further crab management in Malaysia.
The source of fluctuations in money

This paper tests the relative importance of technology shocks and financial shocks as sources of fluctuations in money. The model extends the theory of King and Plosser (1984) by recognizing that both money and trade credit provide transactions services. Under certain conditions. the comovements between money and trade credit can reveal the nature of the underlying shocks. The empirical results strongly suggest that shocks to the financial system account for most of the fluctuations in money in the long run and at business cycle frequencies. On the other hand, technology shocks appear to be more important at seasonal frequencies.
Investigating the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness, flow-mediated dilatation in brachial artery and nuclear heart scan in patients with rheumatoid arthritis for evaluation of asymptomatic cardiac ischemia and atherosclerotic changes.

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide. In order to prevent and treat heart diseases, we need to estimate the trend of non-cardiac diseases with the cardiovascular system. Arthritis Rheumatoid is a chronic immune/inflammatory process which leads to subclinical atherosclerosis and increases cardiovascular disease. We examined the patients who referred to our nuclear medicine center for MPI and correlated their findings with flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in arthritis rheumatoid patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total 30 known cases with arthritis rheumatoid were referred to our department for MPI and the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging were visually and quantitatively evaluated by two nuclear medicine physicians and the correlation of the measured FMD and CIMT were evaluated and compared with ultrasonography data. Demographic information such as gender, age and sex and medical history (risk factors, cardiovascular sign and symptoms, lab findings, medication etc…) were recorded in questionnaire sheets and were analyzed by SPSS.20. Chi-square and student t-test were used for further analysis. RESULTS The mean CIMT (R = 0.452 ± 0.07, L = 0.447 ± 0.08) and %FMD (R = 7.22 ± 8.66, L = 6.42 ± 11.88) were measured for all subjects. Age was the only parameter correlated with both right and left CIMT (P = 0.033 and P = 0.024, respectively). Among the patients, 26.7% had mild ischemia (SSS < 8) and 3 of them suffered from active arthritis rheumatoid. All patients with RA showed normal ventricular ejection fraction and normal volumes and among them, 93.3% had normal functional performance (normal wall motion…). Moreover, the mean CIMT and %FMD were not significantly different in ischemic and non-ischemic patients. Among ischemic patients, just the course of the disease was associated with CIMT and none of the parameters was correlated with FMD. CONCLUSIONS There is no significant statistical difference between ischemic and non-ischemic patients and also the functional performance with values of CIMT and FMD. Among all populations, the parameter of age, and in ischemic group, the course of disease were found as the only variable correlated with CIMT.
No Implicit-Explicit Racial Attitude Correlation in a White Sample from the rural South of the United States

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) shows little to no correlation with explicit attitudes for a wide range of social groups. A sample of white participants from the rural, southern United States (Sumter County, Georgia) was used to investigate the possibility that more extreme scores on the IAT and the Modern Racism Scale (MRS) would lead to a stronger implicit-explicit attitude correlation. The white sample from rural Georgia scored higher on the MRS than a comparable sample from rural Pennsylvania. However, there was no significant implicitexplicit attitude correlation in the Georgia sample, which replicates the findings from early IAT studies. This negative finding suggests that restriction of range does not explain zero or small implicit-explicit attitude correlations.
Caregiver Burden among Parents of Hearing Impaired and Intellectually Disabled Children in Pakistan

Background: Caregiver burden is a multidimensional response to physical, psychological, emotional, social and financial stressors, usually associated with the experience of caring and can be objective or subjective. The objective of current study was to explore the caregiver burden among parents of hearing impaired and intellectually challenged children in Pakistan. Methods: A Comparative cross sectional survey was conducted on n=162 parents of hearing impaired (HI) and intellectually challenged (IC) children from July 2018 to February 2019. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data from Parents of hearing impaired and intellectually challenged children with age range 1–16 years in National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine and Al-Farabi Special Education Institute Islamabad. Caregiver Burden Inventory was used to assess the caregiver burden. Results: The results showed a greater need for respite and other services in both groups. Parents of intellectually challenged children need more respite and other services as compared to hearing impaired children (60.62±11.43 ver. 45.74±11.20, p<0.001). A total of 3 (4.0%) parents of hearing impaired children reported rare need for respite and other services, 32(42.7%) reported sometimes and 40(53.3%) reported frequent need. On the other hand 12(13.8%) parents of intellectually disabled children reported sometimes, 66(75.9%) reported quite frequently and 9(10.3%) nearly always a greater need for respite and other services. Conclusion: The parents of hearing impaired or intellectually challenged children face significant burden of their disabled child. In addition, due to cognitive deficits that lead to behavioural abnormalities the parents of intellectually challenged children face more burden and stress.