Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Assessment of a Ricinus communis Leaf Extract-Based Shampoo for the Treatment of Tinea capitis

Tinea capitis, a dermatophytic fungal infection affecting the scalp, represents a significant global public health concern, with particular prominence in regions characterized by limited economic resources. Unlike antibacterial medications, the options for antimicrobial treatments targeting fungal infections are relatively scarce. Furthermore, several of the existing antifungal compounds are hazardous, chemically unstable, and have poor pharmacologic properties. Therefore, it is imperative to explore alternative therapeutic avenues, particularly those derived from traditional medicinal practices and herbal compounds that have demonstrated antifungal efficacy in laboratory settings. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a shampoo containing Ricinus communis leaf extract as an adjunctive therapy for Tinea capitis using a laboratory-based experimental design. Ricinus communis leaves were harvested from Kabarak University botanical gardens, dried, and ground into a coarse powder, followed by Soxhlet extraction with methanol. The extract was concentrated to dryness and used in the formulation of a shampoo. The shampoo was evaluated for color intensity, clarity, fluidity, ability to produce foam, homogeneity, and odor. The in vitro antifungal activity on a fungal isolate of Microsporum canis species that causes Tinea capitis was performed to demonstrate the inhibitory effects of the prepared shampoo and the methanolic extract at 100%, 50%, and 25% concentrations. Ketoconazole 2% shampoo was used as a positive control. The quantitative bioassay was performed using the disk diffusion method. The results showed that the methanol extract and the formulated shampoo have an inhibitory effect against Microsporum canis. There was no statistical difference in the zone of inhibition caused by the formulated shampoo with that caused by 2% ketoconazole shampoo (P-value = 0.59957; P-value > 0.05). Therefore, the prepared shampoo demonstrated remarkable antifungal activity against the Microsporum canis sample that is comparable to 2% ketoconazole shampoo highlighting its significance as an adjuvant therapeutic alternative for the treatment of Tinea capitis.
Evaluation of Motility, Viability, and Integrity Plasma Membranes of Frozen Semen in Friesian Holstein with Storage Periods of 33, 30, 27, and 24 Years

The quality of frozen semen is one of the components of the artificial insemination program. The freezing method, kind of diluent, handling of frozen semen, and thawing process all affect the quality of frozen semen. This study aimed to determine the motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity of frozen semen of Friesian Holstein cattle at storage periods of 33, 30, 27, and 24 years. The samples used were stored for 33 years (production 1987), 30 years (production 1990), 27 (1993 production), and 24 years (1996 production) stored in Singosari Artificial Insemination Center, Malang. Data were statistically analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (p < 0,05). Based on the study's findings, it can be concluded that the motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity of frozen semen that had been preserved for 33, 30, 27, and 24 years were still acceptable and in good condition in comparison to the SNI quality criteria for bull frozen semen in Indonesia.
Metaverse as a Service: Megascale Social 3D on the Cloud

We present a vision for the future of an emerging category of cloud service: the metaverse of 3D virtual worlds. Today, hundreds of millions of users are active daily in such worlds, but they are partitioned into small groups of at most a few hundred players. Each group joins a different virtual world instance, and players can only interact in 3D with others players in the same group during that session. Current platforms are designed in ways that simply cannot scale much further, and solutions from other cloud services do not generalize to the more interactive, bidirectional, and latency-sensitive interactive 3D domain. We outline some of the technical challenges that currently stand in the way of a metaverse without inherent technical limitations on the number of users in a shared experience. We argue that, although these obviously touch on many other areas of Computer Science such as computer graphics and numerical simulation, the core challenges lie squarely within the systems domain.
Effects of Plasma Temperature in the Blowout Regime for Plasma Accelerators

Research on plasma accelerators for high-energy colliders has rapidly progressed over the past few decades. Plasma acceleration with a high repetition rate will enable higher collider luminosity, but results in a heated plasma. This study investigates two phenomena—beam breakup instability and ion motion—in the nonlinear blowout regime in plasma accelerators and how the plasma temperature affects them. It was found that increasing the plasma temperature enhances the beam breakup instability by reducing the blowout radius while suppressing the on-axis ion-density spike caused by ion motion. This imposes a stringent demand on alignment tolerances, but it offers promising prospects for mitigating ion motion.
Foraging Niche Differentiation of Five Woodpecker Species in the Primitive Broadleaved Korean Pine Forests of Northeast China

Explaining the mechanism of the coexistence of sympatric species is an important goal of ecology. Five species of woodpeckers coexist in the broadleaved Korean pine forest of Liangshui National Nature Reserve, including the Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus martius), Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos minor), Three-toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus), and White-backed Woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos). Woodpeckers are considered to be keystone species because of their role as ecosystem engineers, creating breeding and shelter sites for many vertebrate and invertebrate taxa. As woodpeckers are predominant in primary forests, they are sensitive to changes in forest ecosystems. To understand their coexistence mechanisms and propose conservation strategies, it is necessary to investigate their foraging niche differentiation. This study aimed to identify the foraging behavior parameters and foraging tree parameters of five woodpecker species in Liangshui Reserve from October to December. The foraging niches of five woodpecker species were observed, including the type of foraging techniques, foraging height, foraging site, foraging duration, tree species being foraged upon, diameter of the foraging tree at breast height, foraging tree height, and decay status of trees. Our results identified that there were significant differences in the overall foraging ecology of the five species of woodpecker at Liangshui Reserve. The Great Spotted Woodpecker and Lesser Spotted Woodpecker had more diverse foraging patterns and preferred to forage on live trees. The Black Woodpecker and Three-toed Woodpecker excavated and pecked at the trunks of decaying spruce and fir trees. The White-backed Woodpecker preferred to forage in broadleaved trees. The choice of foraging sites was complicated. The size of the foraging trees and decay status of trees were important bases for woodpeckers when choosing trees to forage from. Different woodpeckers achieve stable coexistence through the separation of their foraging niches. This information regarding foraging behavior and foraging tree characteristics provides a basis to study the coexistence patterns of woodpeckers. Our research into woodpecker foraging should be used to inform forest management practices, protect forest ecosystem diversities, and maintain woodpecker community diversity.
Tissue integration versus bacterial colonization on dental implant materials

Objectives : Dental implants anchor in bone through a tight fit and osseo-integratable properties of the implant surfaces, while a protective soft tissue seal around the implants neck is needed to prevent bacterial destruction of the bone-implant interface. This tissue seal needs to form in the unsterile, oral environment. We aim to identify surface properties of dental implant materials (titanium, titanium-zirconium alloy and zirconium-oxides) that determine the outcome of this “race-for-the-surface” between human-gingival-fibroblasts and different supra-gingival bacterial strains. Methods : Biofilms of three streptococcal species or a Staphylococcus aureus strain were grown in mono-cultures on the different implant materials in a parallel-plate-flow-chamber and their thickness evaluated using confocal-scanning-laser-microscopy. Similarly, adhesion, spreading and growth of human-gingival-fibroblasts were evaluated. Co-culture experiments with bacteria and human-gingival-fibroblasts were carried out to evaluate tissue interaction with bacterially contaminated implant surfaces. Implant surfaces were characterized by their hydrophobicity, roughness and elemental composition. Results : Biofilm formation occurred on all implant materials, and neither roughness nor hydrophobicity had a decisive influence on biofilm formation. Zirconium-oxide attracted most biofilm. All implant materials were covered by human-gingival-fibroblasts for 80-90% of their surface areas. Human-gingival-fibroblasts lost the race-for-the-surface against all bacterial strains on nearly all implant materials, except on the smoothest titanium variants. Significance : Smooth titanium implant surfaces provide the best opportunities for a soft tissue seal to form on bacterially contaminated implant surfaces. This conclusion could only be reached in co-culture studies and coincides with the results from the few clinical studies carried out to this end.
Relationship between core self-evaluation and innovative work behavior: mediating effect of affective organizational commitment and moderating effect of organizational learning capacity

Focusing on employees, this study examined the respective mediating and moderating effects of affective organizational commitment and organizational learning capacity in the relationship between core self-evaluation and innovation work behavior. We collected data via an online survey from 330 office workers at midsize and large companies in a metropolitan area of South Korea. The results of analyzing the data using PROCESS macro were as follows: (1) core self-evaluation was positively related to innovative work behavior; (2) the relationship was mediated by affective organizational commitment; (3) the relationship was buffered by organizational learning capacity, such that a higher level of organizational learning capacity diminished the impact of core self-evaluation on innovative wok behavior; and (4) the conditional effect of core self-evaluation on innovative work behavior existed only in the group of a low level of organizational learning capacity. Based on these findings, we suggested implications for theory building, research, and practice.
The long‐term distribution of antibody‐forming cells

Previous experiments suggested that the spleen might not be the chief source of serum antibody synthesized several months after the immunization of mice by sheep erythrocytes; this has been confirmed for classes other than γM. The anatomical location of the cells making the antibody is not the same for each class. The thymus contains a relatively greater number of non‐γM antibody‐producing cells late in the response than it does in the first three weeks after immunization.
Mosaicking of the 1:75 000 sheets of the Third Military Survey of the Habsburg Empire

The original map sheets of the Third Military Survey of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy cannot be mosaicked in their original, printed form because of their uneven trapezoid format. To make a digitized raster mosaic of the individual sheets, they all should be georeferenced. Instead of the original projections, which vary from sheet to sheet, a series of sinusoid projections was defined, one unique projection for each sheet columns. The sinusoid projection provides an appropriate approximation of the original trapezoid forms and size of the sheets. Each sheet were rectified in the respective projection then reprojected to a general conic projection, defined for the final mosaic. After all of those transformations, the transformed digital content of the sheets fits to each other well enough to make a geo-referred mosaic. The location parameters of the geodetic datum used for transformation to modern projection systems are the followings: dX = +600 m; dY = +205 m; dZ = +437 m. These figures gives exact fit at the fundamental point of Hermannskogel. Because of the not unified geodetic adjustment of the original base point system, using one unified datum causes a maximum error of 220 meters throughout the whole territory of the Monarchy and the adjacent area on the maps.
Nanofibers and Nanotextured Materials: Design Insights, Bactericidal Mechanisms and Environmental Advances

Antibiotic resistance is rising and poses a serious threat to human health on a worldwide scale. It can make it more difficult to cure common infections, raise medical expenditures, and increase mortality. In order to combat the development of biofilms and treat fatal bacterial infections, multifunctional polymeric nanofibers or nanotextured materials with specific structural features and special physiochemical capabilities have become a crucial tool. Due to the increased antibiotic resistance of many diseases, nanofibers with antibacterial activity are essential. Electrospinning is a flexible process able to produce fine fibers with specified properties by modifying variables such as the concentration of the solution, the feed flow, and the electric voltage. Substantial advancements have been made regarding the formation of nanofibers or nanotextured materials for a variety of applications, along with the development of electrospinning techniques in recent years. Using well-defined antimicrobial nanoparticles, encapsulating traditional therapeutic agents, plant-based bioactive agents, and pure compounds in polymer nanofibers has resulted in outstanding antimicrobial activity and has aided in curing deadly microbial infections. A plethora of studies have revealed that electrospinning is an effective technique for the production of antimicrobial fibers for the environmental, biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food sectors. Nevertheless, numerous studies have also demonstrated that the surface characteristics of substrates, such as holes, fibers, and ridges at the nanoscale, have an impact on cell proliferation, adhesion, and orientation.
Characterization of a Human Neuronal Culture System for the Study of Cofilin–Actin Rod Pathology

Cofilactin rod pathology, which can initiate synapse loss, has been extensively studied in rodent neurons, hippocampal slices, and in vivo mouse models of human neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In these systems, rod formation induced by disease-associated factors, such as soluble oligomers of Amyloid-β (Aβ) in AD, utilizes a pathway requiring cellular prion protein (PrPC), NADPH oxidase (NOX), and cytokine/chemokine receptors (CCR5 and/or CXCR4). However, rod pathways have not been systematically assessed in a human neuronal model. Here, we characterize glutamatergic neurons differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for the formation of rods in response to activators of the PrPC-dependent pathway. Optimization of substratum, cell density, and use of glial-conditioned medium yielded a robust system for studying the development of Aβ-induced rods in the absence of glia, suggesting a cell-autonomous pathway. Rod induction in younger neurons requires ectopic expression of PrPC, but this dependency disappears by Day 55. The quantification of proteins within the rod-inducing pathway suggests that increased PrPC and CXCR4 expression may be factors in the doubling of the rod response to Aβ between Days 35 and 55. FDA-approved antagonists to CXCR4 and CCR5 inhibit the rod response. Rods were predominantly observed in dendrites, although severe cytoskeletal disruptions prevented the assignment of over 40% of the rods to either an axon or dendrite. In the absence of glia, a condition in which rods are more readily observed, neurons mature and fire action potentials but do not form functional synapses. However, PSD95-containing dendritic spines associate with axonal regions of pre-synaptic vesicles containing the glutamate transporter, VGLUT1. Thus, our results identified stem cell-derived neurons as a robust model for studying cofilactin rod formation in a human cellular environment and for developing effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of dementias arising from multiple proteinopathies with different rod initiators.
Wind tides in small closed channels

In addition to the generation of waves, a wind produces a mass transport in a body of water resulting in the lowering of the level at the windward ~ide an~ rise at the leeward side which is called wind tide or set-up. Two effects of the wll1d are Involved: the surface t raction on the water, and the form resistance of the waves. This paper presents the theoretical background of the subject and expcrimental results. It was discovered that formation of waves in an experimental channel could be inhibited by adding small amounts of soap or detergent to the water. his made it P? ssible to study the sl! rface tracti? n effect separately. The effect was studied for both lamlIlar and t urbulent motIOn of the dnft and gravity currents produced by the wind. The set-up computed from me~sured wind and water surface velocities agreed with theory. Regardless of the flow regime, the set-up was unaffected by viscosity and independent of the depth-length ratio of the channel. The additional set-up due to presence of waves could be correlated only by introducing a characteristic velocity. This additional set-up appears to vary as the square root of the depth-length ratio. The relation of t he characteristic velocity to the critical velocity for wind generation is discussed. The derived empirical formula for set-up is compared with observations in Lake Erie.
Surveilling brain damage using brain biomarkers in hypoglycemic neonatal calves with diarrhea

Hypoglycemia is a condition associated with neonatal diarrhea in calves, leading to increased mortality and neurological clinical signs. The aim of the present study was to determine the development of brain damage in hypoglycemic calves with neonatal diarrhea and the diagnostic and prognostic significance of these biomarkers. Ten healthy and 50 hypoglycemic calves with diarrhea were included in the study. Clinical examination, blood gases and complete blood count were performed at admission. Blood serum calcium-binding protein B (S100B), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolysis isoenzyme-1 (UCHL-1), activitin A (ACT), adrenomodullin (AM) concentrations, and creatine kinase-BB (CK-BB) enzyme activity were measured using commercial bovine-specific ELISA kits to assess brain damage. Of the hypoglycemic calves enrolled in the study, 13 (26%) survived and 37 (74%) died. In addition, 32 (64%) of the calves had severe acidosis and 24 (48%) had sepsis. S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1, CK-BB (p < 0.001) and NSE (p < 0.05) concentrations were significantly higher in hypoglycemic calves compared to healthy calves, while ACT concentrations were lower. Blood glucose concentration was negatively correlated with serum S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1, and CK-BB enzyme activity and positively correlated with ACT in hypoglycemic calves (p < 0.01). Brain injury biomarkers were not predictive of mortality (p > 0.05). Morever, severe hypoglycemia, severe acidosis and sepsis variables were not found to have sufficient capacity to predict mortality when considered alone or together (p > 0.05). In conclusion, brain damage may develop as a consequence of hypoglycemia in calves. S100B, NSE, GFAP, UCHL-1, ACT, and CK-BB concentrations can be used to diagnose brain damage in hypoglycemic calves. However, the variables of severe hypoglycemia, severe acidosis, and sepsis together with the biomarkers of brain injury have a limited value in predicting the prognosis of neonatal calves with diarrhea.
Recovery and development of the creative economy fried shallots MSMEs during the covid-19 pandemic in supporting economic growth

The Indonesian economy, especially in Palu, is currently dominated by the Micro, Small, Medium Enterprise (MSMEs) sector and the creative economy. There was a decrease in the production of fried shallots in 2020 for almost all fried shallot MSMEs in Palu City. The COVID-19 pandemic has hampered the performance of MSMEs, especially Fried Shallot MSMEs in Palu, or unable to carry out their business. This research was conducted on five Fried Shallot MSMEs in Palu from March to August 2022. The location selection was made purposively. SWOT analysis was used to analyze the data with a creative economy approach (Penta Helix). The COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous impact on fried shallot MSMEs in Palu, which are a decrease in the number of workers, a reduction in production, and a decrease in sales. These three things influence each other. In addition, these three factors were affected by the difficulty in obtaining raw materials, the application of restrictive policies during the pandemic, and the declining purchasing power of consumers. Several alternative strategies can be applied to recover and develop fried shallot MSMEs based on the analysis results. In addition, implementing this strategy requires Penta Helix collaboration from MSMEs, Government, Academics, Financial Institutions, and the Community as consumers.
Longitudinal Associations of Dietary Fiber Intake with Glycated Hemoglobin and Estimated Insulin Sensitivity in Adults with and without Type 1 Diabetes

Dietary fiber, an essential bioactive compound in plant-based diets, is of public health concern based on habitual low intakes in the general population. Not much data are available on how habitual dietary fiber is associated with glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) as well as in prediabetes and normoglycemic adults. To address this gap, we conducted a six-year longitudinal analysis of an original cohort in adults with and without T1D (n = 1255; T1D: n = 563; non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM): n = 692). Dietary data were collected from a validated food frequency questionnaire, biochemical measures were obtained after an overnight fast, and anthropometric measurements were collected at baseline as well as after three and six years for the follow-up study. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and estimated insulin sensitivity (eIS) were the main outcomes examined. In adjusted analyses, dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with HbA1c in a minimally adjusted model, but it was positively associated with eIS in a model involving all relevant covariates in non-DM adults. These associations were not significant in the T1D group. Furthermore, when examined by HbA1c cut-offs for glycemic control, an inverse association with dietary fiber was only observed in adults with prediabetes (all p < 0.05). At a six-year mean (±SD) dietary fiber intake of 17.4 ± 8.8 g for non-DM and 17.0 ± 8.2 g for the T1D group, protective associations against poor glycemic control were observed in those without diabetes and in prediabetes.