Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Three Nucleon Forces in Lattice QCD

We study the three nucleon force in Nf = 2 dynamical clover fermion lattice QCD, utilizing the Nambu‐Bethe‐Salpeter wave function of the three nucleon system. Since parity‐odd two nucleon potentials are not available in lattice QCD at this moment, we develop a new formulation to extract the genuine three nucleon force which requires only the information of parity‐even two nucleon potentials. In order to handle the extremely expensive calculation cost, we consider a specific three‐dimensional coordinate configuration for the three nucleons. We find that the linear setup is advantageous, where nucleons are aligned linearly with equal spacings. The lattice calculation is performed with 163×32 configurations at β = 1.95, mπ = 1.13 GeV generated by CP‐PACS Collaboration, and the result of the three nucleon force in triton channel is presented.
An AP‐3‐dependent pathway directs phagosome fusion with Rab8 and Rab11 vesicles involved in TLR2 signaling

Intracellular compartmentalization of ligands, receptors and signaling molecules has been recognized as an important regulator of inflammation. The toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2 pathway utilizes the trafficking molecule adaptor protein 3 (AP‐3) to activate interleukin (IL)‐6 signaling from within phagosomal compartments. To better understand the vesicular pathways that may contribute to intracellular signaling and cooperate with AP‐3, we performed a vesicular siRNA screen. We identified Rab8 and Rab11 GTPases as important in IL‐6 induction upon stimulation with the TLR2 ligand Pam3CSK4 or the pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the causative agent of Lyme disease. These Rabs were recruited to late and lysosomal stage phagosomes and co‐transported with TLR2 signaling adaptors and effectors, such as MyD88, TRAM and TAK1, in an AP‐3‐dependent manner. Our data support a model where AP‐3 mediates the recruitment of recycling and secretory vesicles and the assembly of signaling complexes at the phagosome.
WEAK-LENSING MASS MEASUREMENTS OF SUBSTRUCTURES IN COMA CLUSTER WITH SUBARU/SUPRIME-CAM

We obtain the projected mass distributions for two Subaru/Suprime-Cam fields in the southwest region (r ≲ 60′) of the Coma Cluster (z = 0.0236) by weak-lensing analysis and we detect eight subclump candidates. We quantify the contribution of background large-scale structure (LSS) on the projected mass distributions using Sloan Digital Sky Survey multi-bands and photometric data, under the assumption of mass-to-light ratio for field galaxies. We find that one of the eight subclump candidates, which is not associated with any member galaxies, is significantly affected by LSS lensing. The mean projected mass for the seven subclumps extracted from the main cluster potential is 〈M(corr)2D〉 = (5.06 ± 1.30) × 1012 h−1 M☉ after an LSS correction. A tangential distortion profile over an ensemble of subclumps is well described by a truncated singular-isothermal sphere model and a truncated Navarro–Frenk–White model. A typical truncated radius of subclumps, rt ≃ 35 h−1 kpc, is derived without assuming any relations between mass and light for member galaxies. The radius coincides well with the tidal radius, ∼42 h−1 kpc, of the gravitational force of the main cluster. Taking into account the incompleteness of the data area, a projection effect, and spurious lensing peaks, it is expected that the mass of the cluster substructures accounts for 19% of the virial mass, with 13% statistical error. The mass fraction of the cluster substructures is in rough agreement with numerical simulations.
Role of electronic excitations in magneto-Raman spectra of graphene

We investigate the signature of the low-energy electronic excitations in the Raman spectrum of monolayer and bilayer graphenes. The dominant contribution to the Raman spectra is due to the interband electron–hole (e–h) pairs, which belong to the irreducible representation A2 of the point group C6v of the graphene lattice, and are characterized by crossed polarization of incoming and outgoing photons. At high magnetic fields, this is manifested by the excitation of e–h inter-Landau-level (LL) transitions with selection rule n− → n+. Weaker Raman-active inter-LL modes also exist. One of those has a selection rule similar to the infrared absorption process, n− → (n ± 1)+, but the created e–h excitation belongs to the irreducible representation E2 (rather than E1) and couples to the optical phonon mode, thus undergoing an anticrossing with the optical phonon G-line in Raman in a strong magnetic field. The fine structure acquired by the G-line due to such anticrossing depends on the carrier density, inhomogeneity of doping and presence of inhomogeneous strain in the sample.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies of the association between the use of incretin‐based therapies and the risk of pancreatic cancer

Some early reports in the medical literature have raised concern about a possible increased risk of pancreatic cancer associated with the use of two broad classes of incretin‐based therapies, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists. This possibility has been somewhat mitigated by the null findings meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials, but the usefulness of their findings was hampered by serious shortcomings of lack of power and representativeness. These shortcomings can typically be addressed by observational studies, but observational studies on the topic have yielded conflicting findings. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies was performed to qualitatively and quantitatively appraise the totality of evidence on the association between the use of incretin‐based therapies and the risk of pancreatic cancer in routine clinical practice.
Trends in premature mortality from diabetes mellitus in Costa Rica in the period 2000–2020

ABSTRACT Objectives To analyze the temporal trends of premature mortality from diabetes in Costa Rica in the period 2000–2020, at a national level and by province, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes mortality during the year 2020 Methods We studied the temporal trends of mortality from diabetes in Costa Rica in the period between 2000 and 2020. Age-standardized mortality rates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each year, sex and province. Results We analyzed the data of 17,968 deceased persons. The mean age was 72.5 years (range 1 to 109 years), and 51.5% of the population (n = 9253) was younger than 75 years. In both men and women, we observed a significant decrease in mortality from 2000 to 2014, followed by the opposite trend from 2014 to 2020, with average yearly increases of 13.9% in men and 11.6% in women. Conclusions Premature mortality from diabetes has been growing from 2014. The COVID-19 pandemic changed the mortality pattern, increasing premature diabetes deaths in Costa Rica in 2020.
Scoop thrombectomy: A declotting technique for the treatment of thrombosed autologous arteriovenous fistula. A single-center retrospective study

Background Thrombosis is one of the main complications leading to the failure of autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for patients with renal failure. Thrombectomy is one of the major therapies to remove thrombi to salvage the AVF and prolong its patency. Materials and methods Fifty-six patients with AVF thrombosis at the anastomosis were recruited for this study and underwent thrombectomy procedures. Their clinical variables were collected. The vasculature was accessed at the site of the aneurysmal dilatation. Under ultrasound guidance, a scoop thrombectomy procedure was performed by anterograde and retrograde scooping to remove the thrombus using forceps. Then, a sheath was placed in the direct vertical direction. Angioplasty was performed with a balloon to treat the underlying primary arteriovenous stenosis. Patients were followed up for 12 months after surgery. The procedural success, primary and secondary patency rates, and incidence of procedure-related complications were analyzed. Results There were 2 minor (3.6%) and no major complications. Clinical success was achieved in 55 of the 56 procedures (98.2%). No symptomatic pulmonary embolism or arterial embolization was noted. The primary patency rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 92.9, 83.8, and 73.3%%, respectively, according to the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Conclusion Scoop thrombectomy is a safe procedure with high technical success and a low complication rate, and it is an effective method for patients to receive hemodialysis immediately.
Distinguishing lone from group actor terrorists: A comparison of attitudes, ideologies, motivations, and risks

The increasing recognition of the risks posed by lone‐actor terrorists provides the impetus for understanding the psychosocial and ideological characteristics that distinguish lone from group actors. This study examines differences between lone and group actor terrorists in two domains: (i) attitudes toward terrorism, ideology, and motivation for terrorist acts; and (ii) empirically derived risk factors for terrorism. Using a cross‐sectional research design and primary source data from 160 men convicted of terrorism in Iraq, this study applied bivariate and logistic regression analyses to assess group differences. It tested the hypothesis that there are no statistically significant differences between the groups. Bivariate analyses revealed that lone actors were less likely than group actors, to be unemployed, to cite personal or group benefit as the main motives for terrorist activity, and to believe that acts of terrorism achieved their goals. Regression analysis indicated that having an authoritarian father was the only factor that significantly predicted group membership, with group actors three times more likely to report this trait. Lone actors and group actors are almost indistinguishable except for certain differences in attitudes, motives, employment, and having an authoritarian father.
The escape fraction of ionizing photons from high-redshift galaxies from data-constrained reionization models

The escape fraction, fesc, of ionizing photons from high-redshift galaxies is a key parameter to understand cosmic reionization and star formation history. Yet, in spite of many efforts, it remains largely uncertain. We propose a novel, semi-empirical approach based on a simultaneous match of the most recently determined luminosity functions of galaxies in the redshift range 6 ≤ z ≤ 10 with reionization models constrained by a large variety of experimental data. From this procedure, we obtain the evolution of the best-fitting values of fesc along with their 2σ limits. We find that, averaged over the galaxy population, (i) the escape fraction increases from fesc = 0.068 +0.054 −0.047 at z = 6t ofesc = 0.179 +0.331 −0.132 at z = 8 and (ii) at z = 10 we can only put a lower limit of fesc > 0.146. Thus, although errors are large, there is an indication of a 2.6 times increase of the average escape fraction from z = 6 to 8, which might partially release the ‘starving reionization’ problem.
THE LUMINOSITY AND MASS FUNCTIONS OF LOW-MASS STARS IN THE GALACTIC DISK. I. THE CALIBRATION REGION

We present measurements of the luminosity and mass functions of low-mass stars constructed from a catalog of matched Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) detections. This photometric catalog contains more than 25,000 matched SDSS and 2MASS point sources spanning ∼30 deg2 on the sky. We have obtained follow-up spectroscopy, complete to J = 16, of more than 500 low-mass dwarf candidates within a 1 deg2 subsample, and thousands of additional dwarf candidates in the remaining 29 deg2. This spectroscopic sample verifies that the photometric sample is complete, uncontaminated, and unbiased at the 99% level globally, and at the 95% level in each color range. We use this sample to derive the luminosity and mass functions of low-mass stars over nearly a decade in mass (0.7 M☉ > M* > 0.1 M☉). The luminosity function of the Galactic disk is statistically consistent with that measured from volume-complete samples in the solar neighborhood. We find that the logarithmically binned mass function is best fit with an Mc = 0.29 log-normal distribution, with a 90% confidence interval of Mc = 0.20–0.50. These 90% confidence intervals correspond to linearly binned mass functions peaking between 0.27 M☉ and 0.12 M☉, where the best fit MF turns over at 0.17 M☉. A power-law fit to the entire mass range sampled here, however, returns a best fit of α = 1.1 (where the Salpeter slope is α = 2.35); a broken power law returns α = 2.04 at masses greater than log M = −0.5 (M = 0.32 M☉), and α = 0.2 at lower masses. These results agree well with most previous investigations, though differences in the analytic formalisms adopted to describe those mass functions, as well as the range over which the data are fit, can give the false impression of disagreement. Given the richness of modern-day astronomical data sets, we are entering the regime whereby stronger conclusions can be drawn by comparing the actual datapoints measured in different mass functions, rather than the results of analytic analyses that impose structure on the data a priori. Having validated this method to generate a low-mass luminosity function from matched SDSS/2MASS data sets, future studies will extend this technique to the entirety of the SDSS footprint.
Understanding mental health trends during COVID-19 pandemic in the United States using network analysis

The emergence of COVID-19 in the United States resulted in a series of federal and state-level lock-downs and COVID-19 related health mandates to manage the spread of the virus. These policies may negatively impact the mental health state of the population. This study focused on the trends in mental health indicators following the COVID-19 pandemic amongst four United States geographical regions, and political party preferences. Indicators of interest included feeling anxious, feeling depressed, and worried about finances. Survey data from Delphi Group in Carnegie Mellon University were analyzed using clustering algorithms and dynamic connectome obtained from sliding window analysis. United States maps were generated to observe spatial trends and identify communities with similar mental health and COVID-19 trends. Between March 3rd, 2021 and January 10th, 2022, states in the south geographic region showed similar trends for reported values of feeling anxious and worried about finances. There were no identifiable communities resembling geographical regions or political party affiliation for the feeling depressed indicator. We observed a high degree of correlation among southern states as well as within republican states, where the highest correlation values from the dynamic connectome analysis for feeling anxious and feeling depressed variables seemingly overlapped with an increase in COVID-19 related cases, deaths, hospitalizations, and rapid spread of the COVID-19 Delta variant.
Stand-specific working methods for harvester operators: a simulation study

ABSTRACT Working methods used by harvester operators greatly affect their productivity. However, there might be further improvements in the ability to use multiple working methods by choosing the right method for the stand being harvested. The aim of this study was to assess the productivity of multiple working methods in an array of stand characteristics and to quantify the productivity gains of adapting the operator’s working method to the stand. To do so, we developed a discrete-event simulation model of a harvester. In total, 36 working methods were simulated in 50 different forest corridors of varying tree densities and tree heights, in clear-cut scenarios. While we observed differences in productivity of up to 18.56% between working methods in the same corridor, no method outperformed the others in all conditions. Some working methods were found to be unproductive in every stand condition, and the largest productivity gains came from avoiding them. The upper bound of the productivity gains from adapting the working method to the stand was 2.66%. These results suggest adapting the working method to the stand may not be worthwhile for harvester operators.
An unjust balance: a systematic review of the employability perceptions of UK undergraduates from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds

ABSTRACT A systematic review of qualitative primary data (2010–2021) was undertaken to understand how inequality is experienced by undergraduate students from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds transitioning to the UK labour market. A ten-step protocol for qualitative synthesis was adapted to guide the study, whilst the PRISMA flow diagram was used to report the search. Data was extracted from 14 papers with thematic synthesis used to analyse the results inductively. This review illustrates multiple barriers faced by disadvantaged socio-economic students in a competitive graduate labour market and the severe impact this may have on student career development. Disadvantaged students often apply more effort than advantaged counterparts in seeking work and internship opportunities and live more precariously, as they lack finance to buffer them. In contrast, advantaged socio-economic status students can act quickly to build their employability profiles from the beginning of their degree studies, with the strategic application of social, cultural and economic capital. The qualitative papers in this review complement previous quantitative research, illustrating that despite participation rates in high education increasing for disadvantaged students, their career outcomes have not generally improved relative to their more advantaged peers. The review includes recommendations for stakeholders including government, universities, careers services and employers.
Standardizing local governments’ audit reports: for better or for worse?

IMPACT This article contributes to the policy debate on whether to standardize audit reports in public sector organizations. It offers useful insights that national regulators and standard-setters can consider when introducing new rules and standards in the audit regulatory space. Regulators and standard-setters interested in teasing out the professional support that auditors can offer should be aware of the need for a balance between standardization and freedom in preparing annual audit reports. ABSTRACT The article investigates audit reports in Italian local governments using the theoretical lens of standardization theory. By means of a content analysis on 90 audit reports for the financial year 2018, the effectiveness of a standardized audit model for the audit report is discussed. The findings reveal that standardization seems to lead to a rigid approach in producing the audit reports of local governments. The study offers insights into rethinking the audit regulatory space in public sector organizations.
A KC Map for Variants of Nondeterministic PDDL

Résumé Nous étudions diﬀérents langages permettant de repré-senter des actions non-déterministes pour la planiﬁcation automatique, du point de vue de la compilation de connais-sances. Précisément, nous considérons la question de la concision des langages (quelle est la taille de la description d’une action dans chaque langage? ) et des questions de complexité (traitabilité ou dureté de plusieurs requêtes et transformations qui surviennent naturellement dans la planiﬁcation et le suivi des croyances). Nous étudions une version abstraite et nondéterministe de PDDL, STRIPS conditionnel nondéterministe, et les langages NPDDL seq et NPDDL not obtenus en ajoutant séquence et négation à PDDL nondéterministe. Nous montrons que ces langages ont une concision et complexité diﬀérente pour les requêtes les plus naturelles. Abstract We study diﬀerent languages for representing nondeterministic actions in planning from the point of view of knowledge compilation. Precisely, we consider succintness issues (how succinct is the description of an action in each lan-guage? ), and complexity issues (tractability or hardness of several queries and transformations which arise naturally in planning and belief tracking). We study an abstract, nondeterministic version of PDDL, nondeterministic conditional STRIPS, and the languages NPDDL seq and NPDDL not ob- tained by adding sequence and negation to nondeterministic PDDL. Weshowthattheselanguageshavediﬀerentsuccinct-ness and diﬀerent complexity for the most natural queries.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS CHALLENGED ON THE PREDICTION OF MASSIVE SUBHALO ABUNDANCE IN GALAXY CLUSTERS: THE CASE OF ABELL 2142

In this Letter we compare the abundance of the member galaxies of a rich, nearby (z = 0.09) galaxy cluster, Abell 2142, with that of halos of comparable virial mass extracted from sets of state-of-the-art numerical simulations, both collisionless at different resolutions and with the inclusion of baryonic physics in the form of cooling, star formation, and feedback by active galactic nuclei. We also use two semi-analytical models to account for the presence of orphan galaxies. The photometric and spectroscopic information, taken from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12 database, allows us to estimate the stellar velocity dispersion of member galaxies of Abell 2142. This quantity is used as proxy for the total mass of secure cluster members and is properly compared with that of subhalos in simulations. We find that simulated halos have a statistically significant ( ≳ 7 sigma confidence level) smaller amount of massive (circular velocity above 200 km s − 1 ) subhalos, even before accounting for the possible incompleteness of observations. These results corroborate the findings from a recent strong lensing study of the Hubble Frontier Fields galaxy cluster MACS J0416 and suggest that the observed difference is already present at the level of dark matter (DM) subhalos and is not solved by introducing baryonic physics. A deeper understanding of this discrepancy between observations and simulations will provide valuable insights into the impact of the physical properties of DM particles and the effect of baryons on the formation and evolution of cosmological structures.
Near-infrared photometry of WISE J085510.74$-$071442.5

(Abridged) We aim at measuring the near-infrared photometry, and deriving the mass, age, temperature, and surface gravity of WISE J085510.74-071442.5 (J0855-0714), which is the coolest known object beyond the Solar System as of today. We use publicly available data from the archives of the HST and the VLT to determine the emission of this source at 1.153 micron (F110W) and 1.575 micron (CH_4). J0855-0714 is detected at both wavelengths with signal-to-noise ratio of ~10 (F110W) and ~4 (CH_4-off) at the peak of the corresponding PSFs. This is the first detection of J0855-0714 in the H-band. We measure 26.31 +/- 0.10 and 23.22 +/- 0.35 mag in F110W and CH_4 (Vega system). J0855-0714 remains unresolved in the HST images that have a spatial resolution of 0.22". Companions at separations of 0.5 AU (similar brightness) and at ~1 AU (~1 mag fainter in the F110W filter) are discarded. By combining the new data with published photometry, we build the spectral energy distribution of J0855-0714 from 0.89 to 22.09 micron, and contrast it against state-of-the-art solar-metallicity models of planetary atmospheres. We determine a temperature of 225-250 K, a bolometric luminosity of log L/Lsol = -8.57, and a high surface gravity of log g = 5.0 (cm/s2), which suggests an old age although such a high gravity is not fully compatible with evolutionary models. After comparison with the cooling theory for brown dwarfs and planets, we infer a mass in the interval 2-10 Mjup for ages of 1-12 Gyr and log g > 3.5 (cm/s2). At the age of the Sun, J0855-0714 would be a ~5-Mjup free-floating planetary-mass object. J0855-0714 may represent the old image of the free-floating planetary-mass objects of similar mass discovered in star-forming regions and young stellar clusters. As many J0855-0714-like objects as M5-L2 stars may be expected to populate the solar neighborhood.