Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic behavior of the nonlocal diffusion equation with localized source

In this paper we study the nonlocal diffusion equation with localized source: ut = J ∗ u − u + a(x)up in RN × (0, T ), with a(x) nonnegative, continuous, and compactly supported. It is found that the localized source a(x) drastically changes the asymptotic behavior of the nonlocal diffusion equation that the Fujita phenomenon happens only if N = 1. That is to say, the solutions must be global provided the initial data are small if N > 1. Furthermore, we determine the second critical exponent bc = 1 p−1 with N = 1, and bc = 0 with N > 1, rather than bc = 2 p−1 for the case of homogeneous source with all N ≥ 1. This implies that the scope of initial data for global solutions determined by the second critical exponent bc is enlarged due to the localized factor a(x). Finally, the time-decay profile of the global solutions is also studied for slow-decay initial data. It is mentioned that we need some new techniques to deal with the nonlocal diffusion in the model. For example, different from local diffusion equations, because of a lack of regularity mechanism from the nonlocal diffusion, we employ the moving plane method in integral form to deal with the mild solutions instead of the maximum principle. In addition, due to the localization of the source, we have to use precise weighted L1 estimates for the critical situation to replace the general test function method.
On Weyl and Lyra Manifolds

It is shown that Weyl's geometry and an apparently similar geometry suggested by Lyra are special cases of manifolds with more general connections. The difference between the two geometries and their relationship with Riemannian geometry are clarified by giving a global formulation of Lyra's geometry. Finally the outline of a field theory based on the latter geometry is given.
Adherence to anti-asthma medications among adult asthmatic patients in Eastern Ethiopia: A multi-center cross-sectional study

Introduction Adherence to anti-asthmatic medications plays a vital role in enhancing an asthma patient’s quality of life and prognosis. However, in Ethiopia, the level of adherence and contributing factors were rarely studied. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the level of adherence to anti-asthma medications and associated factors among adult asthmatic patients in Eastern Ethiopia. Method Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at six governmental hospitals found in Eastern Ethiopia. A total of 320 asthma patients aged 18 years and above and using asthma medicines for at least 12 months were involved. An interviewer based structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS version 22 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to determine the strength of association between independent variables and outcome variable. Variables with a p-value of ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result Of the 320 asthma patients that participated in the study, 109(34.1%:28.8–39.1%) of them had good adherence to anti-asthmatic medications. Being a housewife (AOR = 4.265, 95%CI: 1.333, 13.653), having good knowledge about asthma (AOR = 2.921, 95%CI (1.472, 5.795), positive attitude towards asthma (AOR = 3.129, 95%CI: 1.555, 6.293), and use of oral corticosteroid drugs (AOR = 1.967, 95%CI: 1.008, 3.841) were factors positively associated with good adherence to anti-asthmatic medications. Participants on treatment for 2–3 years (AOR = .295, 95%CI: 0.099, 0.873), and those on medication for ≥ 4 years (AOR = 0.229, 95%CI: 0.079, 0.664) were 70.5% and 77.1% times less likely to adhere to anti-asthmatic medications respectively. Conclusion The current study signified a low level of adherence to anti-asthmatic medications. Participant’s characteristics and medication related factors were significantly associated with good adherence to anti-asthmatic medications. Health education and advice during follow-up for asthma patients is crucial for better adherence.
Quantum Control Strategy Based on State Distance

Abstract Based on Bures distance, a Lyapunov function that represents the distance between a desired state and the actual state of a quantum system is selected. Considering the cases that an initial state is and is not orthogonal to the desired state respectively, we propose a class of control strategies with state feedback that ensures the stability of the closed-loop control system. Especially, the asymptotic stability of the control system is analyzed, deduced and proved in detail. Finally, a simulation experiment on a spin-1/2 particle system is done and the relation between the system state evolution time and control value is analyzed with different parameters. Research results have general theoretical meaning for control of quantum systems.
First-principles simulation of cyanogen under high pressure: Formation of paracyanogen and an insulating carbon nitride solid

Using a set of first-principles calculations, we have studied the phase transitions of cyanogen molecules (C2N2) under high pressure. We obtained that at high pressure, cyanogen is transformed to a planar graphitelike structure with metallic property, which is experimentally known as paracyanogen. By increasing pressure, paracyanogen is transformed to an insulator carbon-nitrogen solid with an indirect band gap of 3.2 eV. Both above-mentioned phase transitions are first order and occur simultaneously with significant reduction in volumes. From our calculations, it is found that the planar structure of paracyanogen is made of ten-membered rings consisting of two C−C, four C−N, and four C=N bonds, while each carbon atom has sp2-like hybridization. In the new-formed solid, all the carbon atoms have sp3-like hybridization and all the nitrogen atoms have sp2-like hybridizations with their nearest-neighboring C and N atoms. Our optical calculations show that cyanogen, which is a colorless gas, after above transitions turns to black paracyanogen polymer and then to a transparent solid. We have also used phonon dispersion calculation to show the stability of our predicted three-dimensional carbon-nitrogen system. Furthermore, it turns out that the predicted CN solid with stoichiometry 1:1 has also a good elastic property and a high bulk modulus of 330 GPa.
Fermi GBM Observations of Terrestrial Gamma Flashes

Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) are brief pulses of energetic radiation associated with thunderstorms and lightning. Observations of TGFs by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) have yielded rich science and new discoveries. Studies of TGF pulse morphologies reveal that they can be either symmetrical or faster in their rise than their decay, and can occur singly or in multiple, sometimes overlapping, pulses. Correlations of GBM-detected TGFs with groundbased radio observations of lightning discharges made by the World Wide Lightning Location Network show that the discharges and the TGFs are simultaneous to 40µs, with the discharge typically occurring within 300 km of the sub-spacecraft point. Rare TGFs are detected via an electron beam produced in a storm near one of the termini of the magnetic field line crossing Fermi. Bright electron TGFs show a prominent 511 keV annihilation line in their energy spectra, showing that this beam contains not only electrons, but also positrons, with a positron fraction between 10 and 20%.
Dropping out of university: A statistical analysis of the probability of withdrawal for UK university students

From individual level data for an entire cohort of undergraduate students in the ‘old’ universities in the UK, we use a binomial probit model to estimate the probability that an individual will ‘drop out’ of university before the completion of their degree course. We examine the cohort of students enrolling full time for a 3‐ or 4‐year degree in the academic year 1989–1990. We find evidence to support both the hypothesis that the completion of courses by students is influenced by the extent of prior academic preparedness and the hypothesis that social integration at university is important. We also find an influence of unemployment in the county of prior residence, especially for poorer male students. Finally, we draw conclusions regarding the public policy of constructing university performance indicators in this area.
Gelatine: making coworking places gel for better collaboration and social learning

Public libraries and coworking spaces seek for means to facilitate peer collaboration, peer inspiration and cross-pollination of skills and creativity. However, social learning, inspiration and collaboration between coworkers do not come naturally. In particular in (semi-) public spaces, the behavioural norm among unacquainted coworkers is to work in individual silos without taking advantage of social learning or collaboration opportunities. This paper presents results from a pilot study of 'Gelatine' -- a system that facilitates shared encounters between coworkers by allowing them to digitally 'check in' at a work space. Gelatine displays skills, areas of interest, and needs of currently present coworkers on a public screen. The results indicate that the system amplifies users' sense of place and awareness of other coworkers, and serves as an interface for social learning through exploratory, opportunistic and serendipitous inspirations, as well as through helping users identify like-minded peers for follow-up face-to-face encounters. We discuss how Gelatine is perceived by users with different pre-entry motivations, and discuss users' challenges as well as non-use of the system.
Interstitial Fe in MgO

Copyright: 2014. AIP Publishing. Due to copyright restrictions, only the abstract is available. For access to the full text item, please consult the publisher's website. The definitive version of the work is published in Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 115. Issue 2. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4861403
Opportunities for a Liquid Rocket Feed System Based on Electric Pumps

A feed system for liquid-propellant rocket engines based on electric pumps powered by batteries is proposed. It is proven to stand as a viable alternative to the pressure-gas feed system. The dependence of the feed system mass on the different operating parameters is obtained so as to identify the conditions favoring its adoption, that is, a relatively long burning time and a fairly high chamber pressure. Under such conditions, the proposed system is shown to offer significant mass savings with respect to the pressure-gas system when advanced batteries are used. This advantage is further enhanced by the beneficial effect of chamber pressure on the engine effective exhaust velocity. A test case for a low Earth orbit to geostationary equatorial orbit transfer is also presented to identify the optimum value of the burning time, deriving from the competition between the feed system mass and the effect of gravitational losses.
Do Shariah-compliant Companies Engage Lesser Earnings Management Behaviour?

Manuscript type: Research paper. Research aims: This study aims to understand how reputation, finan- cial distress and financial performance influence Shariah-compliant companies into engaging earnings management behaviour. The financial data of 69 FTSE Bursa Malaysia 100 Index companies, dating 2010 to 2014 (five years), were analysed. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: This study uses the Modified Jones model (Jones, 1991; Dechow, Sloan, & Sweeney, 1996), Roychow- dhury’s model (2006) to examine earnings management behaviour of Shariah-compliant companies. Research findings: The results of this study suggest that company’s reputation, financial distress and financial performance are factors that can influence company’s earnings management behaviour and that Shariah values are ineffective in deterring the management from earnings management behaviour. Theoretical contribution/ Originality: The findings of this study contribute to the literature by showing that Shariah values may not be beneficial in shaping good business management and reporting practices. Practitioner/ Policy implications: The alarming results drawn from this study is a reason for policy setters and relevant accounting bodies to give more emphasis on developing better accounting and reporting policies. Research limitation: This study is limited to non-financial sectors due to measurement limitations. Keywords: Earnings Management, Financial Distress, Financial Per- formance, Fraud Diamond Theory, Reputation, Shariah-compliant JEL Classification: M41
Oscillatory flow of droplets in capillary tubes. Part 1. Straight tubes

The motion of fluid droplets in capillary tubes subject to the action of a mean pressure gradient and an oscillatory body force is studied via numerical computations. The effects of the oscillatory forcing on the bulk flow rate and on the droplet velocity are evaluated, and results are presented for a range of forcing conditions, fluid properties and drop sizes. For large droplets (whose undeformed diameter exceeds that of the capillary tube), significant enhancement in the bulk flow rate is observed when the drop capillary number is small and the oscillatory forcing is strong. The enhancement is associated with increased droplet deformation in the presence of oscillatory forcing. The dependence of the flow enhancement on the amplitude, frequency and waveform of the oscillatory body force is evaluated for a range of fluid properties.
Boundary layer receptivity phenomena in three-dimensional and high-speed boundary layers

The process by which the boundary layer internalizes the environmental disturbances in the form of instability waves is known as the boundary-layer receptivity. The paper discusses the importance of receptivity in transition research. The receptivity scenario for three-dimensional and high-speed boundary layers is examined. It is found that, while receptivity mechanisms present in the low-speed case are also operative in these complex flows, certain uniquely 'compressible' receptivity mechanisms may come into play as well. Both numerical, and where convenient, asymptotic procedures are utilized to develop quantitative predictions of the localized generation of a variety of instability types (Tollmien-Schlichting, inflectional, higher modes, crossflow vortices) in boundary layer flows relevant to the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP).
On the Specification of the Drift and Diffusion Functions for Continuous-Time Models of the Spot Interest Rate

This paper explores the specification of drift and diffusion functions for continuous-time short-term interest rate models. Various forms for the drift and diffusion of 7-day Eurodollar rates are proposed and then estimated by discrete maximum-likelihood. The results suggest that a nonparametric specification of drift and volatility in terms of orthogonal polynomial expansions is effective in eliminating problems of parameter identification encountered previously. Some evidence is found to support the claim that the drift of the short term interest rate is nonlinear.
Men and Their Children

Just at an age when a man begins to get himself well in hand, to grow broader in his view, sweeter in his temper,, toLose the acridity, the positiveness, the inability of youth to generalize the detailed experience he has gained—to be fit, in a word, to accom­ plish the work he had planned to do in the world—he begins-, if he is a father, to set himself wholly on one side for the sake of the future little men and women about his table. His great picture is never painted, his epic is never written, the best work of which he is capable is never done; he gives himself up to pot-boilers in order to bring up anothei man, who perhaps may be inferior’ to himself. This is the work which has been going on sincethe beginning of the world. We make much of the pelican, who robs her breast of a few drops of blood for her young, hut the great rule of humanity has been that one generation of middleaged people sacrificed their chances, their hopes, their work for the world, for their children. The great oak crumbles and ■ lies, that the ground may be richer, for the sapling It isa just sequence. But it may be carried too far, and it is carried farther in America than in any other country. Fathers and mothers have a right of development which they themselves are bound to respect. A man will be the better able to elevate his children if he stops his daily suicidal grind long enough to consider that he also is a human being, whose character and work in the world will probably he quite as helpful as the boy’s for whom he issacrificing all his time and opportunities. One is sometimes tempted, towonder whether in the lives to come there will not he some place where the ambitions and hopes and thwarted possibilities of the middle-aged may have the chances which here, fitly enough, are reserved for the young. —Te«' Tribune.
Dynamics of the inner magnetosphere near times of substorm onsets

The electrodynamics of the inner magnetosphere near times of substorm onsets have been investigated using CRRES measurements of magnetic and electric fields, energetic electron fluxes, in conjunction with ground-based observations. Six events were studied in detail, spanning the 2100 to 0000 MLT sector and L values from 5 to 7. In each case the dawn-dusk electric field was enhanced over typical background electric fields, and significant, low-frequency pulsation activity was observed. The amplitudes of the pulsations were larger than the background electric fields. Dusk-dawn excursions of the cross-tail electric field often correlated with changes in currents and particle energies at CRRES and with ULF wave activity observed on the ground. Variations of the electric field and Poynting vectors with periods in the Pi 2 range are consistent with bouncing AlfVen waves that provide electromagnetic communication between the ionosphere and plasma sheet. Magnetic signatures of field-aligned current filaments directed away from the ionosphere, presumably associated with the substorm current wedge, were observed during three orbits. In all cases, ground signatures of substorm expansion were observed at least 5 min before the injection of electrons at CRRES. Field-aligned fluxes of counter-streaming, low-energy electrons were detected after three of the injections. We develop an empirical scenario for substorm onset. The process grows from ripples at the inner edge of the plasma sheet associated with dusk-dawn excursions of the electric field, prior to the beginning of dipolarization. Energy derived from the braking of the inward plasma convection flows into the ionosphere in the form of Poynting flux. Subsequently reflected Poynting flux plays a crucial role in the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. Substorms develop when significant energy (positive feedback? ) flows in both directions, with the second cycle stronger than the initial. Pseudobreakups occur when energy flow in both directions is weak (negative feedback? ). “Explosive-growth-phase” signatures occur after onset, early in the substorm expansion phase. Heated electrons arrive at the spacecraft while convection is earthward, during or at the end of electromagnetic energy flow away from the ionosphere.
Intergestural coordination adjacent to multiple prosodic boundaries

Recent work has demonstrated that progressively larger prosodic boundaries result in increasing amounts of lengthening for consonant gestures both preceding and following the boundary. This experiment extends these findings by considering kinematic data collected with a magnetometer to determine if: (1) vowel gestures demonstrate lengthening patterns comparable to those of consonant gestures due to adjacent prosodic boundaries, and (2) the relative timing or intergestural coordination between consonant and vowel gestures is affected by adjacent boundaries. Eighty tokens were recorded for each of three speakers using magnetometry for a /. amə(♯)mi. / sequence with five differing boundary conditions: (1) no boundary, (2) a simple word boundary, (3) a boundary between elements in a list, (4) a vocative name boundary, and (5) an utterance boundary. Durations of the bilabial closings and openings, duration of the vocalic tongue raising movement from [a] to [i], and temporal latencies between the pre‐ and pos.
The stellar content of LH 9 and 10 (N11) in the LMC - A case for sequential star formation

The young OB associations Lucke-Hodge 9 and 10 are studied with UBV photometry that is independent of reddening to determine the IMF directly from star counts. The temperature and reddening of the stars are determined which, in conjunction with the spectroscopic classification of the earliest stars, is employed to place the stellar groups on the theoretical H-R diagram. Observations are also presented of the highly compact H II region/knot N11A and the multiple system HD 32228, and LH 9 and 10 are compared. The Lyman ionizing flux calculated at 4.9-7.2 x 10 exp 50/s agrees well with flux required to generate the H-alpha luminosity of the H II region. LH 10 has a much flatter slope, a higher ratio of higher-mass to lower-mass stars, and greater reddening than LH 9, and LH 10 contains all of the O stars earlier than O6. It is concluded that LH 9 is older than LH 10 and probably contributed to the initiation of star formation in LH 10.
Direct observation of keyhole plasma characteristics in deep penetration laser welding of aluminum alloy 6016

Deep penetration laser welding is associated with violent plasma generation which consists of metal vapour, ionized ions and electrons. The plasma resides both outside and inside the keyhole, known as the plasma plume and keyhole plasma, respectively. Plasma plumes have been studied extensively due to the convenience of observing them. However, very little work has been carried out on the investigation of keyhole plasmas. In this paper, a novel experimental set-up is designed to observe the keyhole plasma directly in CW and PW deep penetration laser welding of aluminum alloy 6016. Then on the basis of the experimentally obtained spectra, the electron temperature distribution of the keyhole plasma both in the radial and depth directions of the keyhole is calculated, and the effects of processing parameters such as laser power, welding velocity and defocus on the keyhole plasma temperature are studied. The results show that the electron temperature of the keyhole plasma both in the radial and depth directions is not uniformly distributed. The temperature increases as the laser power increases, decreases as the welding velocity increases and decreases as the location of the laser beam focal point is moved from within to above the keyhole.
Piezoelectric and dielectric properties of sputter deposited (111), (100) and random-textured Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (PZT) thin films

Abstract Highly textured PZT(111), PZT(001/100) and random PZT films have been grown on Pt and RuO2 bottom electrodes by means of an in-situ, multimagnetron reactive sputtering process with three metal targets (Pb, Zr, Ti). The orientation was varied with the bottom electrode/PZT initial interlayer deposition conditions. Series of 300 nm thick films with varying composition x have been prepared. The Ti and Zr ratio was changed by adjusting the powers of the corresponding targets. The lead content was self stabilized by the process at the deposition temperature of 570°C. Polarization, dielectric and piezoelectric properties were studied. Coercive field, built-in electric field and unswitchable polarization for Ti-rich compositions have been determined by polarisation hysteresis loops.