Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strength Demand Issues Relevant for the Seismic Design of Moment-Resisting Frames

This paper deals with the evaluation of strength demands relevant for the seismic design of columns that are part of moment-resisting frames. Regular frames with fundamental periods from 0.3 sec. to 3.6 sec. and number of stories from 3 to 18 are investigated. An evaluation of the relationships between strength demands (e.g., story shear forces, story overturning moments, and moments in columns), ground motion intensity, fundamental period, and number of stories is the focus of this paper. The results from this study demonstrate that the magnitude and distribution over the height of maximum axial and shear forces in columns exposed to severe earthquakes often are not adequately estimated by current seismic design and analysis procedures (e.g., the nonlinear static pushover). Moreover, the potential of plastic hinging in columns is high for regular frames designed according to the strong-column/weak-beam requirements of current code provisions, and more stringent strong-column/weak-beam criteria appear to be called for. The presented results are intended to provide guidance for improvement of seismic design provisions to avoid brittle failure modes in columns of moment-resisting frames.
Impact Sound Insulation: The Standard Tapping Machine Shall Learn to Walk!

Previous research on the standard tapping machine has shown that the impact on a floor depends strongly on the combined system of floor and tapping hammers. This means that in general, a particular measure to reduce the impact sound pressure level can be advantageous with one impact source and disadvantageous with another. Conversion from one impact source to another has to be made for each floor individually, provided there is a sufficient knowledge of the dynamic properties of the source and floor. So, if the standard tapping machine is to be used to characterise a floor with respect to walking noise, the only simple way out of the problem is to make it ‘ behave like a walker’ . That means it should have the same source impedance. Investigations at the Fraunhofer-Institut fu r Bauphysik Stuttgart showed that this could be achieved by small modifications to the standard tapping machine. Comparisons using a concrete floor and a wooden joist floor have proved that results using such a modified tapping machine are much closer to walking noise than the results using the standard tapping machine.
The model of family empowerment program for community development in West Java, Indonesia

Family empowerment is very important, as through empowerment programs the information and knowledge which are key determinants of progress of a society, may be passed on to the next generation. Community education, especially community empowerment which is considered a national investment, is expected to increase human skills, and knowledge of the society. It means that the entire population of Indonesia, regardless of their socio-economic backgrounds, is encouraged to learn and make productive use of knowledge all the time. The successful implementation of family empowerment would thus require intensive research and information gathering. A study on “the model of family empowerment program for community development” was designed by Bogor Agricultural University to response such needs. The objectives of the study were to evaluate models of the community development program which was implemented through systematic steps. The location of this research is all family empowerment programs of Bogor Agricultural University in Bogor, Cianjur, Sukabumi Regencies and Bogor City. Based on performance analysis and identification of problems in the management of family empowerment programs, various action plans for family empowerment can be arranged as follows: (1) training courses to improve the quality of management of the family empowerment program; (2) resocialization vertically and horizontally to all parties; (3) the establishment of prospective business networks to trigger the economic development of target communities; (4) comparative studies and bench marking for board members and personnel of family empowerment programs to stimulate the learning environment; (5) the establishment of co-operative (economic enterprises) as the platform for the economic development of the community. Key words: Family empowerment, development program, community development, poverty alleviation.
EFFECTS OF ASCORBIC ACID AND SUGAR ON PHYSICAL, TEXTURAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE BREADS

The present study was carried out to demonstrate the combined effects of different maize flour, ascorbic acid and sugar on the physical, textural and sensory properties of composite breads. The composite flour was prepared using 70% of wheat flour and 30% of flour obtained from grain of differently coloured maize - light blue, blue, red and yellow maize flour. Chemical characterization of composite flours made with four different types of maize was also assessed. Furthermore, the content of total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity in composite flours was determined. The total of 12 breads that were prepared, four of which were control composite breads, four breads with ascorbic acid, and four were breads with ascorbic acid and sugar. The content of total phenolic compounds showed clear differences among all composite flours. The anthocyanins content determined in composite flours was in the following descending order: blue>red>light blue, while in the yellow maize composite flour anthocyanins were not detected. The results showed that the addition of AsA (0.025%) and sugar (5%) negatively affected the volume as well as the specific volume of composite wheat-maize breads. The texture analysis showed that the addition of AsA in amount of 0.025% had no impact on springiness, cohesiveness and resilience of bread crumb, while it increased crumb hardness. However, composite breads made with AsA and AsA and sugar showed a more compact structure, with a larger number of cells and smaller mean cell areas. Bread samples with AsA and sugar in the tested doses had the lowest springiness, which is indicative of brittleness and reflects the tendency of the bread to crumble when slicing. Results of the sensory evaluation revealed that the AsA and sugar addition had a generally positive effect on the investigated sensory attributes.
The Impacts of Different Anthropogenic Disturbances on Macroinvertebrate Community Structure and Functional Traits of Glacier-Fed Streams in the Tianshan Mountains

Macroinvertebrates are sensitive to environmental disturbances, however, the effects of human activities on macroinvertebrate community structures and functional traits in glacier-fed streams are concerning. To elucidate the effects of horse, cattle and sheep grazing, hot spring scenic development, and historic iron ore mine development on macroinvertebrate communities, we conducted a study in three glacier-fed streams of the Tianshan Mountains in northwest China in April 2021. Our results showed that the species richness and density significantly decreased due to grazing (p < 0.05). There were more taxa with resilience traits such as “small size at maturity” in the grazing stream. The EPT richness and density affected by hot spring scenic development significantly decreased compared to the undisturbed point (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in taxa with resistance traits such as “bi-or-multivoltine” in the hot spring stream. The stream affected by historic mine development is currently in the self-recovery stage following the closure of the mine ten years ago. Additionally, the species richness, EPT richness, and density at the mining site were significantly higher than the source site (p < 0.05), reflecting that the habitat fragmentation caused by previous mining activities prevented the upward dispersal of macroinvertebrates. The taxa in the mining stream were also characterized by higher resistance traits such as “abundant occurrence in drift”. These results were attributed to the impacts of human disturbance on habitat stability, habitat heterogeneity, water quality, and material cycling of stream ecosystems, indicating human disturbance on the efficiency of resource utilization and functional diversification. In addition, our results showed that functional indicators of macroinvertebrate communities are helpful for monitoring and evaluating habitat conditions.
Preliminary Study on Reference Interval of Serum Pepsinogen in Healthy Subjects

Objective This study determined the reference interval of pepsinogen (PG) of healthy people in the local region to provide a basis for early screening of gastric cancer. Methods Among the healthy people who underwent a physical examination in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2020, 2568 subjects were selected based on the relevant screening criteria. Their serum PG I and II levels and PG I:PG II ratio were determined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CIMA), and the results were statistically analyzed. Finally, according to document CLSI-C28-A3, the PG reference interval of the local region was determined. Results The PG I and II levels of the males in all age groups were higher than those of the females in the corresponding age groups, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, the differences in the PG I:PG II ratio between the genders in the different age groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The PG I and II levels increased with age in both men and women, while the PG I:PG II ratio was not correlated with age in either gender. Conclusion The PG reference interval of the local region was initially determined as providing a reliable reference basis for clinical treatment.
Oleuropein Degradation Kinetics in Olive Leaf and Its Aqueous Extracts

Although olives leaves are currently considered a waste material from oil mills, they have great potential to be transformed into by-products due to their high oleuropein content. Oleuropein is a glycoside precursor of hydroxytyrosol, which is the phenolic compound with the highest antioxidant capacity in nature and which is associated with multiple health benefits. For this reason, the demand for oleuropein is growing in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food sectors. The objective of this study is to determine the stability of oleuropein in olive leaves from oil mills in solid and aqueous forms under different conditions of temperature, relative humidity and lighting. The results indicate that the degradation of oleuropein conforms well to first-order kinetics. The rate constants at the temperatures tested in the aqueous extracts indicate activation energies from RTl to 80 °C and from 7 °C to 14 °C, as the degradation reactions were different in these ranges. Furthermore, olive leaf powder stored at any temperature with an RH ≥ 57% showed greater stability after six months, which is an encouraging result for the storage and transformation of this waste in oil mills.
Self-Aeration in Smooth and Stepped Chutes

The physical process of oxygen transfer from atmosphere acts to replenish the used oxygen. This process is termed aeration. Hydraulic structures can increase dissolved oxygen levels by creating turbulent conditions where small air bubbles are carried into the bulk of the flow. Chute aeration is a particular instance of this process. A chute is characterized by a steep bed slope associated with torrential flow. This chute flow may be either smooth or stepped. This paper seeks smooth and stepped chutes and how they affect the aeration efficiency. It is demonstrated that stepped chutes are very efficient at oxygen transfer because of the strong turbulent mixing associated with substantial air bubble entrainment and that this advantage becomes more pronounced in nappe flow regime.
Study on progressive collapse resistance and mechanisms of beam-column sub-assemblages

Abstract Compressive arch action (CAA) and tensile catenary action (TCA) are the main resistance mechanisms against progressive collapse in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. When the lateral constraints of beams are strong enough, CAA and TCA could be developed and obtain significant additional progressive collapse resistance. Lateral constraints of beams are key parameters affecting the CAA and TCA capacities. For a frame under a middle column lost scenario, the adjacent columns can carry much more loads than designed. Whether the adjacent column could provide adequate lateral constraints to beams need to be examined. Therefore, this article selected beam-column substructures as the research objects. Firstly, a new division method on resistance mechanisms was proposed considering the contributions of each action. Then a model of the beam-column substructure was established and verified with ABAQUS software. The effects of different lateral constraints and beam height on CAA and TCA capacities were investigated by changing the column dimensions and beam heights. Finally, a new theoretical model for predicting the BM capacity, CAA capacity, and TCA capacity of beam-column substructures under different lateral constraints was established. The interaction between the column and beam and the parameters of columns and beams are taken into consideration.
Bibliometric and visualized analysis of the top 100 most-cited articles on anterior cervical surgery

Anterior cervical surgery (ACS) owes its development to various pioneering individuals whose revolutionary works form key advances and guide current medical decisions. This bibliometric study aimed to identify, analyse and visualize the main features of the most-cited papers in ACS. The citation count for the top 100 most-cited articles ranged from 148 to 1,197, and citations per year ranged from 3.1 to 89.8. The articles were published from 1958 to 2016, with the 2000s being the most active decade. There was an inverse correlation between the average citations per year since publication and article age. The oldest as well as most-cited two articles were both published in 1958 by Smith and Robinson, and Cloward, respectively. In their studies, the authors individually described the technique of anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF). The most popular keywords were: ‘fusion’ (22), ‘spine’ (20), ‘cervical spine’ (16), ‘complications’ (15), ‘arthrodesis’ (13), ‘interbody fusion’ (13), ‘bone morphogenetic protein’ (13), and ‘radiculopathy’ (12). ACDF was the most frequent surgical procedure (80%), while cervical disc arthroplasty is of gradual greater impact. The surgical techniques of ACDF have remained unaltered for over 60 years. More attempts are needed to promote its development. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:1203-1213. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6. 210074
DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL SCANNER FOR HIGH-SPEED ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY

Abstract A novel design of a scanning unit for atomic force microscopy (AFM) is presented that enables scanning speeds three orders of magnitude faster than commercial AFMs. The new scanner concept is based on flexures that decouple the axes of motion and clamp the actuators on both sides in order to shorten the mechanical path lengths to a functional minimum. The positioner is designed for high mechanical resonance frequencies by optimizing the structure using finite element analysis. The implementation of the new system offers imaging capabilities of several thousand lines per second with a scanning range of 13 micrometers in both scanning directions, and the freedom to rotate the image.
Aneuploidy influences the gene expression profiles in Saccharomyces pastorianus group I and II strains during fermentation

The lager yeasts, Saccharomyces pastorianus, are hybrids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces eubayanus and are divided into two broad groups, Group I and II. The two groups evolved from at least one common hybridisation event but have subsequently diverged with Group I strains losing many S. cerevisiae chromosomes while the Group II strains retain both sub-genomes. The complex genomes, containing orthologous alleles from the parental chromosomes, pose interesting questions regarding gene regulation and its impact on the fermentation properties of the strains. Superimposed on the presence of orthologous alleles are complexities of gene dosage due to the aneuploid nature of the genomes. We examined the contribution of the S. cerevisiae and S. eubayanus alleles to the gene expression patterns of Group I and II strains during fermentation. We show that the relative expression of S. cerevisiae and S. eubayanus orthologues is positively correlated with gene copy number. Despite the reduced S. cerevisiae content in the Group I strain, S. cerevisiae orthologues contribute to biochemical pathways upregulated during fermentation which may explain the retention of specific chromosomes in the strain. Conversely, S. eubayanus genes are significantly overrepresented in the upregulated gene pool in the Group II strain. Comparison of the transcription profiles of Group I and II strains during fermentation identified both common and unique gene expression patterns, with gene copy number being a dominant contributory factor. Thus, the aneuploid genomes create complex patterns of gene expression during fermentation with gene dosage playing a crucial role both within and between strains.
Dose optimization of intrathecal administration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of subacute incomplete spinal cord injury

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are a promising candidate for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair owing to their advantages of low immunogenicity and easy accessibility over other MSC sources. However, modest clinical efficacy hampered the progression of these cells to clinical translation. This discrepancy may be due to many variables, such as cell source, timing of implantation, route of administration, and relevant efficacious cell dose, which are critical factors that affect the efficacy of treatment of patients with SCI. Previously, we have evaluated the safety and efficacy of 4 × 106 hUC-MSCs/kg in the treatment of subacute SCI by intrathecal implantation in rat models. To search for a more accurate dose range for clinical translation, we compared the effects of three different doses of hUC-MSCs – low (0.25 × 106 cells/kg), medium (1 × 106 cells/kg) and high (4 × 106 cells/kg) – on subacute SCI repair through an elaborate combination of behavioral analyses, anatomical analyses, magnetic resonance imaging-diffusion tensor imaging (MRI-DTI), biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) tracing, electrophysiology, and quantification of mRNA levels of ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. Our study demonstrated that the medium dose, but not the low dose, is as efficient as the high dose in producing the desired therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, partial restoration of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor expression by the effective doses indicates that GABAA receptors are possible candidates for therapeutic targeting of dormant relay pathways in injured spinal cord. Overall, this study revealed that intrathecal implantation of 1 × 106 hUC-MSCs/kg is an alternative approach for treating subacute SCI.
Impact of COVID-19 on dental education in Europe: the students' perspective.

INTRODUCTION COVID-19 pandemic impacted dental students and postgraduate residents world-wide, forcing them to rapidly adapt to new forms of teaching and learning. Dental school leaderships needed to ensure the academic continuity, therefore the majority of the in-person actives were transitioned into a virtual setting. The aim of this study was to identify students' perception regarding the measures taken to adapt during the pandemic by different dental schools in the European Region. METHODS This cross-sectional study utilised a validated 37-questions survey. Ethical approval was obtained from the Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. Using this instrument, the perceptions of the European dental students regarding the impact of COVID-19 on their education and mental health were identified. The questions were divided into categories: standard demographic information; models of education during the COVID-19 pandemic (types of teaching, examination and other educational activities) and support received. The survey was administered through electronic online tools, and all responses remained confidential. The data was processed through quantitative and qualitative analysis. RESULTS A total of 879 student responses to the survey from 34 countries in the European Region were included in this study. When asked about the time spent on their education, 50% of the participants (n=435) reported spending less time on their education and 30% (n=265) reported spending more time. The types of teaching included showed a heterogenous approach, varying from online simulations to problem-solving for the didactic setting, or a hybrid model with group activities for the clinical setting. There were broad splits in satisfaction with the education delivered, with 44% (n=382) being either satisfied or very satisfied and 31% (n=279) being either unsatisfied or very unsatisfied. Students were most concerned with their clinical experience and skills. CONCLUSIONS The qualitative and quantitative data compiled in this cross-sectional study enables a direct comparison between different approaches to adapt dental education during the COVID-19 in the European Region. Future studies are recommended that will include compiling perceptions from the staff, faculty and administrators on the transition as well.
Dynamics of herbage production and utilisation in swards grazed by cattle and sheep

THE DYNAMICS OF HERBAGE PRODUCTION AND UTILISATION IN SWARDS GRAZED BY CATTLE AND SHEEP J.C. Arosteguy University of Edinburgh There is limited evidence to suggest that the rate of net herbage accumulation is greater on swards grazed by sheep than on those grazed by cattle. However, the evidence is not unequivocal and in some cases the effect of animal species and of grazing pressure appears to be confounded. Two field experiments were conducted on mixed species (Loliurn perenne L, Poa annua L and Trifolium repens L) swards to examine the effects of cattle and sheep grazing alone or in combination on plant tissue and tiller turnover. Established swards of perennial ryegrass and white clover with variable content of Poa annua were continuously stocked from May to September with either sheep or cattle or a combination of both. Animal numbers were adjusted frequently to maintain sward surface height as near steady state as possible. In the first experiment swards grazed by ewes and lambs or by yearling female cattle were compared. The swards were maintained at sward surface height of 2.0-2.5 and 3.0-3.5 cm (sheep), and 2.0-2.5, 3.0-3.5 and 6.0-6.5 cm (cattle), equivalent to herbage mass of 1700, 2100 and 3100 kg ha 1.OM. Estimates of the rates of herbage growth, senescence and net production (growth minus senescence) were derived from measurements on individually identified tillers and clover active meristematic points on three occasions