Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Energy Loss in GaN E-Mode Devices Under UIS Stresses

This article analyzes the energy loss <italic>E</italic><sub>loss</sub> in GaN enhancement-mode (E-mode) devices under unclamped inductive switching (UIS) stresses. Based on the second-order circuit analysis and the equivalent circuit model of <italic>R</italic><sub>S</sub> and <italic>C</italic><sub>S</sub> in series for devices, the analytical model is developed with quantitative relationships among the <italic>E</italic><sub>loss</sub>, <italic>R</italic><sub>S</sub>, and the time shift Δ<italic>t</italic> between device current and voltage. The origin and physical mechanism of <italic>E</italic><sub>loss</sub> are revealed with the help of Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulation. The imbalance of the charges in devices due to the dynamic trapping and de-trapping of the acceptor traps is the origin of <italic>R</italic><sub>S</sub> and <italic>E</italic><sub>loss</sub>. Under various configurations of energy level and density acceptor traps, the physical mechanism is discussed with simulations of electron and displacement currents. Results show that proper amount of acceptor traps at the relatively shallow energy level of <italic>E</italic><sub>T</sub> < <italic>E</italic><sub>V</sub> + 0.5 eV are critical to lowering the <italic>E</italic><sub>loss</sub> of GaN devices under UIS stresses. The calculation results using the proposed analytical model can fit well with the measurement data. This article can provide practical models and physical mechanism to analyze the device behavior and estimate the energy loss of GaN E-mode devices in the field applications under UIS stresses.
Estimating photosynthetic capacity from optimized Rubisco–chlorophyll relationships among vegetation types and under global change

The maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax), a key parameter indicating photosynthetic capacity, is commonly fixed as a constant by vegetation types and/or varies according to empirical scaling functions in Earth system models (ESMs). As such, the setting of Vcmax results in uncertainties of estimated carbon assimilation. It is known that the coupling between leaf chlorophyll and Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase) contents can be applied to estimate Vcmax. However, how this coupling is affected by environmental changes and varies among plant functional types (PFTs) has not been well investigated yet. The effect of varying coupling between chlorophyll and Rubisco contents on the estimation of Vcmax is still not clear. In this study, we compiled data from 76 previous studies to investigate the coupling between Chlorophyll (Chl) and Rubisco (Rub), in different PFTs and under different environmental conditions. We also assessed the ability of a Rub-based semi-mechanistic model to estimate Vcmax normalized to 25 °C (Vcmax25) based on the Rub–Chl relationship. Our results revealed strong, linear Rub-Chl relationships for different PFTs (R 2 = 0.73, 0.67, 0.54 and 0.72 for forest, crop, grass and shrub, and C4 plants, respectively). The Rub–Chl slope of natural C3 PFTs was consistent and significantly different from those of crops and C4 plants. A meta-analysis indicated that reduced light intensity, elevated CO2, and nitrogen addition strongly altered Rub/Chl. A semi-mechanistic model based on PFT-specific Rub–Chl relationships was able to estimate Vcmax25 with high confidence. Our findings have important implications for improving global carbon cycle modeling by ESMs through the improved parameterization of Vcmax25 using remotely sensed Chl content.
A reflection on participatory research methodologies in the light of the COVID-19 – lessons learnt from the European Research Project TRIPS

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has had considerable impacts on research projects, particularly those adopting participatory approaches. This paper reflects on the methodological adaptations employed by the European research project TRIPS to facilitate co-design and open innovation practices towards the development of accessible mobility solutions. The article reports how the methods were adapted to facilitate participatory research with almost no physical meetings. In doing so, the paper presents the alternative ‘distanced-based’ participatory approaches employed to engage users with disabilities and institutional stakeholders in the transport ecosystem, like online workshops, social media content analysis, online surveys and peer-to-peer telephone interviews. Lessons learnt and practical guidelines for distance-based participatory research are presented and discussed with the aim of increasing resilience in the light of future changes.
Electromechanical Modeling and Characterization of Ionic Polymer Benders

This paper presents a coupled, electromechanical model of a Nafion-based ionic polymer transducer used in the cantilevered bender configuration. A comparison of simulatedandexperimental responses for a 0.2 mm 5.0 mm 17 mm actuator validates both the form of the model and the empirically determined model parameters. In one of the experiments used for parameter identification, the short circuit current is found to be proportional to the induced actuator velocity, with the constant of proportionality on the order of 104A/(m/s). This dynamic model differs from those presented by other researchers in that it is able to represent the transducer as either a sensor or as an actuator. Also presented is an assessment of the polymer actuators’ ability to perform mechanical work. The results of a series of force versus deflection experiments are outlined, and energy densities are calculated to facilitate comparison with other actuator technologies. The maximum blockedforce with a 1.25 V step input was 1.6 mN (with a 17 mm actuator), andthe maximum free deflection with a 1.25 V step input was 1.8 mm (with a 22 mm actuator). The energy densities ranged from 1.1 to 12.8 mJ/kg and3.4E-06 to 4.0E-05 mJ/mm3 with an input range of 0.75–1.25 V.
Comparative Study of Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of Different Parts from Pterocarpus Santalinoides l'Her. Ex. DC (Fabaceae)

Aims Pterocarpus santalinoides is used in Beninese folk medicine for treatment of gastroenteritis. This study aims to compare the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves, trunk bark, and root. Materials and Methods The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution method on 06 bacterial strains including 03 wild-type strains (Escherichia. coli 0157H, Salmonella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus sp.) and 03 reference strains (E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853), whereas the anti-inflammatory activity was performed by the carrageenan-induced paw edema method on rats. The DPPH-free radical scavenging was used to determine the antioxidant activity. Results The MICs of the leaf extracts varied from 6.25 to 25 mg/mL for all strains. The MICs of the stem bark extracts were 6.5 to 25 μg/mL for five strains (E. coli 0157H, S. aureus ATCC 25922, Salmonella sp., E. coli ATCC 25922, and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and 3.125 mg/mL for S. aureus. Concerning the root extracts, the MICs varied from 12.5 to 50 mg/mL. The best anti-inflammatory power was obtained with the stem bark extract with the percentages of inhibition of 36.09%, 38.98%, and 39.50%. The DPPH test showed that the hydroethanolic extract of the 03 parts of P. santalinoides has a moderate antiradical power compared to the control which was quercetin. Conclusion In view of the different pharmacological activity recorded, the extract of the leaves should be recommended to treat patients suffering from gastroenteriditis.
Can feed additives be used to promote positive behaviour in laying hens? A review

SUMMARY The welfare of laying hens has been a subject of interest among consumers, breeders, and animal welfare organisations across the globe. Laying hens’ behaviour is an important indicator of their welfare and provides feedback on how they perceive their housing environment. A relationship is believed to exist between serotonin levels and other coordinating axes of the brain such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which regulates various types of behaviour, and this provides the opportunity to achieve specific targeted modulatory interventions. Despite increasing interest in the use of feed additives in poultry production, there are inconsistencies in their application to promote positive behaviour in laying hens because of several factors, including age, sex, housing system, and genotype of the hens. This mini review expounds on the use of various feed additives such as phytogenic substances, probiotics, essential oils, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, as well as dietary fibre additives for promoting positive behaviour and overall welfare of laying hens. Feed additives have previously been used extensively for their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-fungal properties in poultry production, but their potential for promoting positive behaviour in laying hens through physical, physiological, anxiolytic, anti-depressive, and neuromodulatory activities was reviewed in this article.
Impact of moderately energetic fine-scale dynamics on the phytoplankton community structure in the western Mediterranean Sea

Abstract. Model simulations and remote sensing observations show that ocean dynamics at fine scales (1–100 km in space, day–weeks in time) strongly influence the distribution of phytoplankton. However, only a few in situ-based studies at fine scales have been performed, and most of them concern western boundary currents which may not be representative of less energetic regions. The PROTEVSMED-SWOT cruise took place in the moderately energetic waters of the western Mediterranean Sea (WMS), in the region south of the Balearic Islands. Taking advantage of near-real-time satellite information, we defined a sampling strategy in order to cross a frontal zone separating different water masses. Multi-parametric in situ sensors mounted on the research vessel, on a towed vehicle and on an ocean glider were used to sample physical and biogeochemical variables at a high spatial resolution. Particular attention was given to adapting the sampling route in order to estimate the vertical velocities in the frontal area also. This strategy was successful in sampling quasi-synoptically an oceanic area characterized by the presence of a narrow front with an associated vertical circulation. A multiparametric statistical analysis of the collected data identifies two water masses characterized by different abundances of several phytoplankton cytometric functional groups, as well as different concentrations of chlorophyll a and O2. Here, we focus on moderately energetic fronts induced by fine-scale circulation. Moreover, we explore physical–biological coupling in an oligotrophic region. Our results show that the fronts induced by the fine-scale circulation, even if weaker than the fronts occurring in energetic and nutrient-rich boundary current systems, maintain nevertheless a strong structuring effect on the phytoplankton community by segregating different groups at the surface. Since oligotrophic and moderately energetic regions are representative of a very large part of the world ocean, our results may have global significance when extrapolated.
Women’s Representation and Implications for Fairness, Trust, and Performance in Local Government: A Survey Experiment in Sri Lanka

How do quotas for women in Sri Lanka’s local government institutions affect key governance indicators such as perceived fairness, institutional trust, and perceived performance? These dimensions of governance are underexplored in the context of gender quota policies in patriarchal societies like that of Sri Lanka. The study hypothetically varied the quota provision for women (decrease to 10%, increase to 45%, or keep at the current 25%) in local government, and then tried to understand people’s opinions about the three governance indicators. When examining the results of the experiment (around 1,200 samples), it was found that perceived fairness, institutional trust, and perceived performance increased along with the greater quota provision. Possible mechanisms for the increases in institutional trust and perceived performance may be associated with the signal of fairness generated by the increase of quota provision for women.
Improvement of Pv Systems Power Output Using Sun-Tracking Techniques

The amount of power produced by a photovoltaic (PV) or solar panel depends on the amount of sunlight to which it is exposed. As the sun’s position changes throughout the day, the PV panel must be adjusted so that it is always aimed directly at the sun and, as a result, produces the maximum possible power. A sun-tracking system tracks the motion of the sun across the sky and moves the PV panel to face directly at the sun and thereby ensuring that maximum amount of sunlight strikes the panel throughout the day. Sun-tracked PV systems are more efficient than fixed PV systems and are capable of enhancing productivity. In this paper different types of sun-tracking systems are reviewed and their energy gains are discussed.
Characteristics of GIS disconnector-induced short rise-time transients incident on externally connected power system components

The authors provide an indication of the waveshape and magnitude of transients which emerge from the SF/sub 6/ GIS and propagate to externally connected apparatus. Capacitively graded bushings, overhead line connections, etc. tend to reduce the magnitude and cause a slight degradation in the rise-time. Computer simulations and measurements have shown that external apparatus connected to GIS can be subjected to waveforms with rise-times in the range of 10-20 ns and voltage rate-of-rise as high as 40 MV/ mu s. This is comparable to or in excess of the rate of rise during a chopped wave test. >
A reduced model for bad data processing in state estimation

A reduced model theory for bad data processing is proposed which utilizes the concept of error residual spread areas. Based on the reduced model theory, statistical indices can be defined for each error residual spread area, and therefore existing detection and identification techniques can be applied separately for each error residual spread area. In this way, errors can be isolated in smaller regions of the system, making it possible to avoid the search for bad data in the global system. Results from several test cases on power systems show the effectiveness and robustness of the method. >
ASIC and FPGA based DPWM architectures for single-phase and single-output DC-DC converter: a review

Pulse width modulation (PWM) has been widely used in power converter control. This paper presents a review of architectures of the Digital Pulse Width Modulators (DPWM) targeting digital control of switching DC-DC converters. An attempt is made to review the reported architectures with emphasis on the ASIC and FPGA implementations in single phase and single-output DC-DC converters. Recent architectures using FPGA’s advanced resources for achieving the resolution higher than classical methods have also been discussed. The merits and demerits of different architectures, and their relative comparative performance, are also presented. The Authors intention is to uncover the groundwork and the related references through this review for the benefit of readers and researchers targeting different DPWM architectures for the DC-DC converters.
Comparative Analysis of Fracture Resistance between CAD/CAM Materials for Interim Fixed Prosthesis

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the resistance to fracture of interim restorations obtained through additive techniques (3D impressions) and subtractive techniques (milling) using a computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) system of a three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) to ascertain its clinical importance. (1) Materials and methods: In total, 40 samples were manufactured and divided into two groups (n = 20) using: (1) light-curing micro hybrid resin for temporary crowns and bridges (PriZma 3D Bio Prov, MarketechLabs, São Paulo, Brazil) for the rapid prototyping group (RP) and (2) a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) CAD/CAM disc (Vipiblock Trilux, VIPI, São Paulo, Brazil) for the computer-assisted milling (CC). The resistance to fracture was determined with a universal testing machine. (2) Results: The strength and the standard deviation for the computer-assisted milling group were higher (1663.57 ± 130.25 N) than the rapid prototyping (RP) group, which had lower values of (1437.74 ± 73.41 N). (3) Conclusions: The provisional restorations from the computer-assisted milling group showed a greater resistance to fracture than the provisional restorations obtained from the rapid prototyping group.
Coxgraph: Multi-Robot Collaborative, Globally Consistent, Online Dense Reconstruction System

Real-time dense reconstruction has been extensively studied for its wide applications in computer vision and robotics, meanwhile much effort has been made for the multi-robot system which plays an irreplaceable role in complicated but time-critical scenarios, e.g., search and rescue tasks. In this paper, we propose an efficient system named Coxgraph for multi-robot collaborative dense reconstruction in real-time. In our system, each client performs volumetric mapping in a producer-consumer manner. To facilitate transmission, we propose a compact 3D representation which transforms the SDF submap to mesh packs. During the recovery of submaps from mesh packs, the system can perform loop closure outlier rejection based on geometry consistency, trajectory collision and fitness check. Then we develop a robust map fusion method through joint optimization of trajectories and submaps. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our system can produce a globally consistent dense map in real-time with less transmission load, which is available as open-source software 1.
Higher education expansion and the secondary school curriculum in Scotland in the second half of the twentieth century

ABSTRACT The conclusion of recent research on the relationship between students’ school curriculum and their opportunities to enter higher education has generally been that curricular differentiation is a further dimension of social stratification, and that it has become a mechanism of effectively maintained inequality, in the sense defined by Lucas. The present analysis uses a unique series of surveys of school leavers in Scotland, covering the whole of the second half of the twentieth century, to study the relationship between curricular breadth in the senior years of secondary school and the chances of entering higher education. Breadth is found to have been long associated especially with entry to the high-status oldest universities, and also with entry to other universities that were founded before the 1990s. However, breadth of study at school and university is not a new dimension of distinction in Scotland, dating rather from the nineteenth century and earlier. Its effect has not grown with expansion, but in general has declined. The conclusion is that this curricular feature has been a mark of cultural or intellectual distinction, not straightforwardly merely a mechanism of stratification.
Low-power autozeroed high-speed comparator for the readout chain of a CMOS monolithic active pixel sensor based vertex detector

Future high energy physics experiments will require the development of a linear collider in the TeV region such as TESLA. Because of physics requirements it will be necessary to make precision vertex measurements. This makes a high-resolution vertex detector an essential part of the detecting system. One of the possibilities is to develop a CMOS monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) based detector. A planned prototype chip for the TESLA developments would include an array of identical pixels with their addressing circuits, signal processing within the chip, data sparsification, and analogue to digital conversion. For this purpose we have developed a column-based, low power, fully offset compensated multistage comparator (discriminator) to read out the active pixels. For one of the versions implemented, a resolution better than 1 mV was obtained at operating speeds higher than 10 MHz. The power dissipation is of the order of 200 /spl mu/W. A test chip was designed on a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process from AMI Semiconductor. As the pixel pitch is only 28 /spl mu/m, the dimensions of the comparator are 300 /spl mu/m/spl times/28 /spl mu/m. This design is compatible with the clocking scheme of the pixel array.
Ludwig Wittgenstein, Mathematics, Therapy and Life: research from the group on Education, Language and Cultural Practices in Brazil

This article aims to describe discursive regularities of theses and dissertations by researchers from the Group “Research, Education, Language, Cultural Practices” Phala and their effects for / on Mathematics Education. Due to the nature of the proposed study, three axes of description emerged: (1) starting cultural archive and the literatures-traces triggered with respect to Mathematics; (2) therapeutic analog movements operated in research, and (3) aesthetics and writing style. We identified that the archives, taking deconstructionist therapy as a research lens, expand the debates about the understanding of Mathematics as a fixed, linear, compartmentalized, abstract and hierarchical set of knowledge, shaped to meet cognitive, structuralist and neoliberal school learning projects; as well as they broaden the debates about the ways of practicing research in a hermeneutic-analytical way, addressing problems that involve modern schooling, teacher training, indigenous and non-indigenous education, assessment of learning and historiographic and non-historiographical aspects of undertaking research in Mathematics Education
Effect of Social Media Usage and Entrepreneurial Marketing on The Success of Organic Processed Food MSMEs

Social media usage has been adopted by entrepreneurs to achieve business goal. The rise of health and sustainability awareness has opened an opportunity for entrepreneurs to start organic processed food business despite the marketing obstacle about organic food informations. Entrepreneurial marketing is considered as a more appropriate marketing approach for limitation in MSMEs which is able to indicate the perception of entrepreneurs who use the social media for overcoming technology and information resource obstacle. This study was aimed to analyze effect of social media usage and entrepreneurial marketing on the success of organic processed food MSMEs based on the analysis of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS). The study was conducted on Komunitas Organik Indonesia in Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek) with a total population of 400 MSMEs from December 2020 to March 2021. The data source used was primary data that was collected from 63 respondents which use social media on business need. Based on result of SEM analysis, the use of social media for marketing, customer relation and service, and accessibility of information have a significant and positive effect on entrepreneurial marketing. Moreover, social media usage for marketing and information accessibility was found to have direct effect which could increase business success even though social media usage for customer relation and service did not affect business success. On the other hand, entrepreneurial marketing also directly influenced business success. The use of social media together with application of entrepreneurial marketing will have effect on business success.