Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electron Emission from Metals in Intense Electron Fields

The behavior of a fine wire placed axially in a cylindrical anode is investigated. A brief account is given of the more recent literature dealing with the subject. A quartz tube which has been found particularly suitable and convenient is described. As it is not possible to outgas the ends of the filament and the supports, these parts have been shielded from the field. The usual source of high potential consisting of transformer, rectifier and condensers is used. A description is given of a method for measuring potentials from a few volts up to 25,000 volts. Use is made of a galvanometer and series resistance, and it is thought that the range can be extended to at least 100,000 volts. With heat treated wires results are obtained in good agreement with earlier work, but it is shown that with such wires an appreciable current is obtained only after a break has occurred in the surface of the wire. The resulting characteristic depends only on the power available during the break and is shown to obey the empirical equation: i=Ce-b/V Microphotographs are presented which makes it plausible that the potential gradient may exceed 40 million volts/cm without producing currents in excess of 10-10 amperes and that the gradient is probably 108 volts/cm or more when reasonably large currents are obtained. With untreated wires a "loop phenomenon" is described which is thought to be due to positive ions from the anode. Heating the tube in an electric furnace is shown to have a great influence on the emission in this case. Microphotographs show that the diameter of such a wire decreases with use. With thoroughly outgased wires the emission is not changed when the tube is submerged in liquid air, and the heating of the filament up to 1400°K increases the emission only a few percent.
Production of the Finnish Wind Atlas

The Finnish Wind Atlas was prepared applying the mesoscale model AROME with 2.5 km horizontal resolution and the diagnostic downscaling method Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Programme (WAsP) with 250 m resolution. The latter was applied for areas most favourable for wind power production: a 30 km wide coastal/offshore zone, highlands, large lakes and large fields. The methodology included several novel aspects: (i) a climatologically representative period of real 48 months during 1989–2007 was simulated with the mesoscale model; (ii) in addition, the windiest and calmest months were simulated; (iii) the results were calculated separately for each month and for sectors 30° wide; (iv) the WAsP calculations were based on the mesoscale model outputs; (v) in addition to point measurements, also radar wind data were applied for the validation of the mesoscale model results; (vi) the parameterization method for gust factor was extended to be applicable at higher altitudes; and (vii) the dissemination of the Wind Atlas was based on new technical solutions. The AROME results were calculated for the heights of 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300 and 400 m, and the WAsP results for the heights of 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 m. In addition to the wind speed, the results included the values of the Weibull distribution parameters, the gust factor, wind power content and the potential power production, which was calculated for three turbine sizes. The Wind Atlas data are available for each grid point and can be downloaded free of charge from dynamic maps at www.windatlas. fi. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Dual DC Output Power Supply for a Stand-alone Photovoltaic System

Abstract This article presents a dual DC power output for easy integration of renewable energy sources and battery banks at a low-voltage DC bus. The low-voltage loads are connected to the low-voltage DC bus directly (across the battery banks), obviating an additional conversion stage. Such low-voltage loads are LED-based lighting, computers, laptop chargers, etc. The proposed system consists of a photovoltaic array, DC-DC converters, a maximum power point tracker, and a storage medium (battery) targeted for low-voltage (24 V) and high-voltage (110 V) DC loads. The maximum value of photovoltaic power is extracted using the buck DC-DC converter along with the effective incremental conductance maximum power point tracking technique to control the power transfer to the low-voltage DC grid. The DC-DC boost converter is designed to operate at a constant voltage of 110 V DC load. The proportional-integral-derivative control parameters for voltage mode closed-loop control of the boost converter are chosen by using the genetic algorithm technique. A prototype system has been built in the laboratory, and its satisfactory working has been demonstrated experimentally for the different shading and loading conditions; experimental results are provided.
Capacitive current switching duties of high-voltage circuit breakers: background and practice of new IEC requirements

Capacitive current is switched in power networks in a number of situations, such as the charging current of overhead lines, cables, GIS installations of the load currents of capacitor- and filter banks. In each of these situations, the current to be interrupted is small or very small. Nevertheless this interruption duty has to be considered with the utmost care. Above all, this is due to the inherent risk of re-establishment of arcing ('restrike') because of severe voltage stress after interruption. Restrike may cause high over voltages depending on the network topology and can lead to damage to circuit components. This concern is reflected in a major revision of the relevant IEC standard (IEC60056) that is presently under consideration. In the revised edition, the concept of a 'restrike-free' circuit breaker is abandoned and the regime of testing is sharpened.
JENIS-JENIS KESALAHAN DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL PERSAMAAN DIFFERENSIAL BIASA (PDB) STUDI KASUS PADA MAHASISWA SEMESTER V PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PURWOREJO

Jenis-jenis Kesalahan dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Persamaan Differensial Biasa (PDB) Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa Semester V Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Tahun Akademik 2008/2009 dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui jenis kesalahan apa yang banyak dilakukan dalam menyelesaikan soal Ujian mata kuliah PDB pada mahasiswa semester V Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika sesuai dengan jenis-jenis kesalahan yang telah teridentifikasi, mengetahui kriteria ketuntasan dalam menyelesaikan soal Ujian mata kuliah PDB pada mahasiswa semester V Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika. Teknik pengumpulan sampel yang digunakan adalah unrestricted random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode tes. Pengolahan data yang digunakan adalah (1) Menghitung persentase jenis kesalahan, (2) Mengelompokkan jenis-jenis kesalahan Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh: (1) jenis kesalahan yang banyak dilakukan dalam menyelesaikan soal mata kuliah PDB yaitu tentang kesalahan mendifferensi-alkan fungsi /ke x sebesar 83,33% dalam penyelesaian soal PD eksak. (2) kriteria ketuntasan dalam menyelesaikan soal Ujian mata kuliah PDB, untuk kelompok kriteria ketuntasan yang persentasenya terdapat sebanyak 20 jenis kesalahan, termasuk dalam kriteria sangat tuntas sekali dan untuk jenis kesalahan yang persentasenya >20% menurut pengelompokkan yaitu kelompok yang persentasenya terdapat sebanyak 8 jenis kesalahan termasuk dalam kriteria tuntas, kelompok yang persentasenya terdapat sebanyak 18 jenis kesalahan termasuk dalam kriteria agak tuntas, kelompok yang persentasenya terdapat sebanyak 4 jenis kesalahan termasuk dalam kriteria tidak tuntas, dan untuk kelompok yang persentasenya terdapat sebanyak 2 jenis kesalahan termasuk dalam kriteria tidak tuntas sama sekali.
Surface mine blasting near pressurized transmission pipelines

The US Bureau of Mines and the State of Indiana cooperated with AMAX Coal Co. and its consultants to determine the effects of coal mine overburden blasting on nearby pipelines. Five pressurized 76-m pipeline sections were installed on the Minnehaha Mine highwall near Sullivan, IN, for testing to failure. Four 17- to 51-cm-diameter welded steel pipes and one 22-cm PVC pipe were monitored for vibration, strain, and pressure for a period of 6 months while production blasting advanced up to the test pipeline field. In contrast to previous studies of small-scale, close-in blasting for construction, these tests involved overburden blasts of up to 950 kg per delay in 31-cm blastholes. Analyses found low pipe responses, strains, and calculated stresses from even large blasts. Ground vibrations of 120 to 250 mm/s produced worst case strains that were about 25 pcts of the strains resulting from normal pipeline operations and calculated stresses of only about 10 to 18 pct of the ultimate tensile strength. No pressurization failures or permanent strains occurred even at vibration amplitudes of 600 mm/s.
Good Software Development Processes Lead to Harmonious Project Teams Which in Turn Lead to Effective Project Performance

destructive conflict could minimise its impact or even channel it into constructive outcomes. The subjects of this research were third year undergraduate computer science students at Edith Cowan University involved in a year-long software engineering project. Data was collected through questionnaires and an interview and later analysed using the Spearman's rank correlation against the project team final marks. The outcome of this study is that good software development processes do indeed lead to harmonious project teams, which in turn lead to effective project performance and favourable outcomes.
Influence of Temperature on Tire–Pavement Friction

Past experimental studies show that tire–pavement friction values are related to conditions surrounding the tire such as pavement temperature, ambient temperature, contained air temperature, and surface characteristics of the pavement. For measurements taken in different temperature conditions, road agencies generally apply correction factors. These correction factors are based primarily on experience and previous field test measurements that have very limited transferability under different conditions. This paper studies frictional behavior of test tires under different surrounding temperature conditions using finite element analysis. The scope of this research is to analyze the effect of pavement temperature, ambient temperature, and contained air temperature on frictional measurements. Finite element analysis of fully and partially skidding tires over different asphalt pavement surfaces, namely, porous asphalt, ultrathin surface, and stone mastic asphalt, is considered. Observation showed that a higher pavement temperature, ambient temperature, and contained air temperature resulted in a lower hysteretic friction for a given pavement surface and a given tire slip ratio. In contrast, a lower tire slip ratio and a pavement with higher macrotexture resulted in higher friction. This study highlights that a critical combination of these factors will decrease friction significantly.
Crowdsourcing and Work: Individual Factors and Circumstances Influencing Employability

The development of a fast and reliable Internet, new technologies online payment systems, and changes in work structure that enable and demand flexible working patterns have driven a move to a new form of Internet-enabled labour exchange called crowdsourcing. Evidence from an in-depth qualitative study is presented, focusing on selected users' interactions and experiences of working on two UK-based crowdsourcing platforms. The paper shows that workers engaged in this form of labour exchange need to deploy existing employability skills and networks to effectively meet the challenges, and take advantage of the opportunities, that crowdsourcing presents. Individual factors and circumstances emerge as paramount for workers' continued engagement in this form of employment. Using selected components from an employability framework, the findings suggest that crowdsourcing can offer new pathways to practising skills and enhancing employability for some workers.
The Effect of Organizational Commitment on Turnover Intentions with Work Stress as Intervening Variable At Citra Perdana Kendedes Malang

The higher the organizational commitment of the employees, the better they will provide services to consumers. However, if there are obstacles or shocks during the company’s career, of course the organizational commitment of the employees will be shaken, and create a feeling of pressure from within the employee or also known as work stress, and after the emergence of work stress in the employee, the desire to move out of the company is unavoidable. This desire is called turnover intention. This study aims to analyze the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intentions mediated by job stress. Data collection was carried out through distributing questionnaires to employees of PT. The Prime Image of Kendedes Malang. This research uses explanatory research method with quantitative research type. The data analysis tool used in this study is Partial Least Squares (PLS) and uses SmartPLS software. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique with the condition that employees who have worked more than 5 years at PT. Kendedes Prime Image. So that the samples that were collected were 88 workers (drivers and internal staffs). The results of this study indicate that organizational commitment has a direct effect on turnover intentions and organizational commitment has an effect on turnover intentions through work stress.
Testing the validity of free cash flow hypothesis: Evidence from Nigeria

Purpose: This study empirically tests the validity of the free cash flow hypothesis among firms quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) from 2007 to 2017. Research methodology: The study employed a dynamic panel system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) in analyzing the data generated. Results: the result failed to provide empirical evidence in support of the Jensen free cash flow hypothesis in Nigeria. The equally showed that a high concentration of shareholding in the hand of a few individual increases the amount of dividend paid out to shareholders. The result is however robust using different methods. Limitations: We focused only on testing the validity of the free cash flow hypothesis proposed by Jensen (1986). Contribution: The study provided empirical evidence that invalidates the propositions of the free cash flow hypothesis among publicly quoted firms in Nigeria. The result is robust using different estimation techniques.
An Electrophoretic Study of Natural Populations of the Cocoa Pod Borer, Canopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) from Malaysia

Cocoa pod borers from Tawau, Sabah and Sua Betong, Negeri Sembilan and rambutan fruit borers from Serdang and Puchong, Selangor and Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia were subjected to electrophoretic analysis in an effort to find diagnostic electromorphs between these two bio types of Conopomorpha cramerella. Thirty enzymes and general proteins were successfully demonstrated on zymograms but none of them could serve as diagnostic markers between cocoa pod borers and rambutan fruit borers. The allelic frequencies for 8 polymorphic enzymes are presented.
AERODYNAMIC AND AERO-ACOUSTIC OPTIMIZATION OF MODERN TILT-ROTOR BLADES WITHIN THE ADYN PROJECT

Among the EU funded projects that aim at developing a new concept of tilt-rotors, the pre-competitive ADYN project (Advanced european tilt-rotor for DYnamics and Noise) has the objective to study the dynamic and acoustic problems of the ERICA concept proposed by AGUSTA. This paper presents the work package 3 (WP3) of the ADYN project devoted to aero-acoustics. First a description of the studies done in WP3 is done, giving an overall view of the objectives of this work package. Then, the numerical optimization performed within the project is described. The aim is to reduce the noise generated by the tilt-rotor while improving the aerodynamic performance, starting from the reference blade description up to the ADYN optimised blade selection. Finally, numerical studies of more advanced tilt-rotor blades including adaptive devices are presented.
Trends in fatal car-occupant accidents

This report analyses the trends in fatal car accidents in the United Kingdom from the 1994-98 baseline in relation to targets for casualty reduction. While the number of serious casualties has declined, the number of fatalities has not decreased in parallel. The excess deaths come from car occupants and motorcyclists. Among car drivers, fatalities arise predominantlyamong the young, on A-class rural roads but increasingly on urban roads. Loss of control accidents and drink driving accidents have increased between 1999 and 2004. Studies of this problem showed that risk taking among young male drivers, and increased frailty in older drivers increased fatality rates. The mean risk of death in car to car collisions is halved for drivers of newer cars. Sport utility vehicles and 'people carrier' cars and newer cars are more likely to overturn than other types of cars. Head and chest injuries were most likely to lead to fatality. Eighty per cent of deaths occur at the scene of the accident or before admission to hospital. The disadvantaged in society had a higher fatality rate as vehicle occupants than those with higher incomes. Changes in safety belt use over the study period did not explain fatality trends. Recommendations to reduce accident fatalites are made.
Act Like a Leader, Think Like a Leader

You aspire to lead with greater impact. The problem is you're busy executing on today's demands. You know you have to carve out time from your day job to build your leadership skills, but it's easy to let immediate problems and old mind-sets get in the way. Herminia Ibarra--an expert on professional leadership and development and a renowned professor at INSEAD, a leading international business school--shows how managers and executives at all levels can step up to leadership by making small but crucial changes in their jobs, their networks, and themselves. In Act Like a Leader, Think Like a Leader, she offers advice to help you: * Redefine your job in order to make more strategic contributions * Diversify your network so that you connect to, and learn from, a bigger range of stakeholders * Become more playful with your self-concept, allowing your familiar--and possibly outdated--leadership style to evolve Ibarra turns the usual "think first and then act" philosophy on its head by arguing that doing these three things will help you learn through action and will increase what she calls your outsight--the valuable external perspective you gain from direct experiences and experimentation. As opposed to insight, outsight will then help change the way you think as a leader: about what kind of work is important; how you should invest your time; why and which relationships matter in informing and supporting your leadership; and, ultimately, who you want to become. Packed with self-assessments and practical advice to help define your most pressing leadership challenges, this book will help you devise a plan of action to become a better leader and move your career to the next level. It's time to learn by doing.
Journal of Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases

In our previous articles, we explained various issues by using our probabilistic gravity such as constants of Nature including strong coupling, information, consciousness, entanglement, cause of Alzheimer’s, spooky dark matter, multiplicity of particles, Brownian motion, synchronicity and some issues in biology etc. etc. Here, we extend it to medical and engineering issues, while addressing the Clay mathematics institute’s problem about Navier-Stokes Equation on their web site.
A multi-tier network architecture for long distance rural wireless networks in developing regions

Today, in spite of technological advances, large disparities still exist between the industrialized world and the developing world. Information and communication technologies, in particular, have immense potential to provide better health, education and economic opportunities to people in the developing world, but most currently available communication solutions are often not financially viable in rural areas. We believe that wireless infrastructure that starts off by offering connectivity to targeted locations is the most practical way to extend communication coverage to rural areas. To that end, we propose WiLDNet, a new multi-tier network architecture composed of high-bandwidth long-distance point-to-point backbone wireless links and medium-distance point-to-multipoint access links. We also propose to use cheap and widely available off-the-shelf WiFi-based radios as the base technology to build this architecture. Unfortunately, standard WiFi radios suffer from low throughput, high packet loss rates and poor spectrum efficiency in the real world long-distance environments. In this dissertation, we demonstrate the feasibility of the WiLDNet architecture. We first characterize the underlying problems behind the poor performance of WiFi in long-distance scenarios. To overcome these problems, we build WiLDMAC, a novel time-division based MAC-layer that increases channel utilization and eliminates packet collisions at long distances. To achieve high end-to-end multi-hop throughput in the point-to-point backbone of our architecture, we use a combination of ARQ and FEC-based loss recovery mechanisms. Our measurements show 2–5 fold improvement in throughput on single-hop links as long as 382km. To achieve high capacity scaling and to support dynamic traffic demands in the point-to-multipoint part of our architecture, we implement and evaluate three techniques—(a) dynamic power adaptation to minimize interference and maximize spectrum usage; (b) dynamic channel width adaptation to increase the number of simultaneous clients; and (c) physical antenna combination to decrease the cost of installation of base-stations. Finally, we deploy our long-distance wireless links in several real world networks. Our rural telemedicine network in Aravind Eye Hospitals, India that connects ten village clinics, has already enabled 90,000 remote video consultations, showed operational sustainability and is in the process of expanding coverage to treat 500,000 people/year.
Theory and Modeling of Eddy Current Type Inductive Conductivity Sensors

While transformer-type conductivity sensors are the usual type of inductive sensors, this paper describes the theory behind less used eddy current sensors. This type of sensor measures the conductivity of a liquid by inducing eddy currents and observing the effect on the sensor coil, which allows a simpler sensor design and promises a cost advantage in implementation. A novel model description is derived from the Maxwell equations and implemented by an equivalent RLC circuit. The designed model is validated by comparisons with experimental observations and FEM simulations. The result leads to a better understanding of the physical effects of the sensor and the influencing parameters for future sensor developments. The aim is to provide starting points for further sensor development of low-cost inductive conductivity sensors.
Assessment of plantarflexor function during a stretch-shortening cycle task

iii Declaration iv Acknowledgements v List of Appendices (on disc) xi List of Figures xii List of Tables xiii List of Abbreviations xiv Submissions and publications arising from and related to the thesis xvii Peer-reviewed journal articles xvii Journal articles in review xvii Peer-reviewed international conference proceedings (4 page paper) xvii Peer-reviewed national conference proceedings (300 word abstract) xviii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Background 2 1.2 Thesis aims 4 1.3 Thesis objectives 4 1.4 Thesis structure 4 Chapter 2: Literature review 7 2.1 The muscle-tendon unit 8 2.1.1 Muscle and tendon 8 2.1.2 The Hill muscle model and its relevance to study of the MTU 10 2.2 The plantarflexors 13 2.2.1 Anatomy 13 2.2.2 The importance of the plantarflexors and plantarflexor assessment 16 2.3 Measures of plantarflexor function of interest 23