Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intensifying Mechanism of the Convective Storm Moving from the Mountain to the Plain over Beijing Area

A particularly challenging event occurred on 22 July 2009 in Beijing area.The convective storm moving from the mountain to the plain suddenly intensified as it approached the foothills,and then intensified again as it moved onto the plains.Based on the four-dimensional Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System(VDRAS),this paper presented a deep investigation focusing on the intensifying mechanism of the convective storm under weak synoptic-scale forcing over Beijing area using Doppler radar,wind profile,surface observation,4 times daily radiosonde and NCEP data.Results have shown that:The weak cold front triggered the convective storm.The thermodynamic unstable condition including warm,humid,low-level southerly wind and significant accumulation of the convective available potential energy(CAPE) indicated by the sounding over plain,and the significant dynamic instability with strong low-level vertical wind shear indicated by the wind profiler provided the favorable local environment for the intensification of the storm.In the first intensification stage,the terrain forcing played a dominant role,including:(1) acceleration of cold pool outflow whose kinetic energy drived from potential energy,leading to strong down flow and strong convergence;(2) uplift of south warm moist air flow at the south of piedmont,resulting in a strong upward motion;(3) lifting of the thunderstorm cold pool outflow,which formed strong low-level vertical wind shear between north outflow at the low level and south air flow on the surface and led to cold advection over the warm and moist southerly flow,thus enhanced both the dynamic and thermodynamic instability in front of the storm.The second intensification of the thunderstorm in the eastern urban area,was mainly caused by the presence of the strong perturbation temperature gradient zone in the boundary layer in Chaoyang District,resulting from the confrontation of the cold pool outflows of the well-organized thunderstorm and the low-level warm tongue,and the balance between positive and negative vorticities.The intense updrafts pushed by the interactions between the cold outflow and the warm moist southerly flow,coexisted with the downdraft at the rear of the thunderstorm for a long time.The negative vorticity due to the vertical inhomogeneity of the outflow,was balanced with the positive vorticity due to the vertical inhomogeneity of the environmental flow.According to the RKW theory, this equilibrium state was very favorable for the formation of vertical updraft so that maintained the storm and led to the second intensification.
Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on Grain-filling Characteristics and Yield of Two Dryland Wheat Cultivars for Superior and Inferior Grain

The effect of nitrogen level on grain filling characteristics and yield of dryland wheat cultivars for superior and inferior grains under the condition of pot culture were studied.The result indicated that did not influenced N application in creased grain number,grain weight and yield,but thousand grain weight.The filling rate of superior grains was obviously higher than that of inferior grains,and both superior and inferior grain filling rate shows the trend of increasing at first,then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen level.Correlation analysis indicated that,there existed significantly positive correlations of superior grain weight with filling rate and accumulative time.However,there were significantly positive correlations of inferior grain weight with the duration of the maximum filling rate and duration of each filling stage.
Polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medications and associated factors among older adults with hypertension in primary care

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence and associations of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use among older adults with hypertension treated in primary care. Methods: a cross-sectional study carried out with older adults with hypertension treated at a Family Health Strategy unit. Data collection included analysis of medical records, interviews and multidimensional assessment of older adults. Socio-demographic information and clinical variables were collected. Statistical analysis was performed by multiple logistic regression. Results: polypharmacy prevalence was 38.09%, and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM), 28.57%. There was a significant association between polypharmacy and PIM use, altered sleep and ethnicity. PIM use was associated with polypharmacy, worse family functioning, and absence of a caregiver. Cognitive decline reduces the prevalence of these medications. Conclusions: polypharmacy and PIM use among older adults with hypertension represent a problem in this population, especially among the most vulnerable.
The non-linear relationship between globalization, financial development and energy consumption: Evidence from BRICS economies

In the era of globalization, financial development plays a key role in socioeconomic and environmental development. However, its adverse consequences on human life, environmental hazards, and high energy consumption cannot be ignored. Thus, this study investigates the non-linear relationship between globalization, financial development, and energy consumption for BRICS economies. In doing so, we have applied second-generation tests to identify cross-sectional dependence in the data. Cross-sectional augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) and Cross-sectional Im-Pesaran Shin (CIPS) have been performed to find the stationary level of variables. The long-term equilibrium link between the investigated variables has been established in continuance using the Westerlund Cointegration test. The Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regression (DSUR) indicates that U-shaped relationships exist for financial development and globalization with energy consumption. Conversely, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship exist between economic growth and energy consumption in BRICS. The Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test findings show that a unidirectional link runs from energy consumption to financial development, economic growth to energy consumption, and globalization towards energy usage. Important policy implications have also been discussed.
Against Empathy?

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. It is taken as a self-evident truth that it is a good thing for medical students and practitioners to develop and exhibit empathy in their clinical encounters. In 2016 the psychologist Paul Bloom published a work of popular psychology entitled, provocatively, “Against Empathy. The Case for Rational Compassion”. In this book he takes a strong line against empathy, arguing that it is not only not useful, but positively detrimental to human progress. Empathy, in the way Bloom defines it, leads to biased, shorted-sighted an practically useless action. In this essay I enjoy flirting with this broadside attack on one of our sacred cows. But I also a discover a major mismatch between what educationalists typically think of as empathy and the version presented by the author. The essay reviews this complex definitional landscape, visiting terms like pity, sympathy, moral imagination and compassion as well as the major varients of empathy itself. If we are going to avoid some of the evident pitfalls of emotion-dominated empathic responses, it really does help to be clear on what it is we have in mind when we discuss, teach and practice empathy.
Blood flow restriction reduces the increases in cardiorespiratory responses and subjective burden without inhibiting muscular activity during cycling at ventilatory threshold in healthy males

Low-intensity endurance exercise with blood flow restriction (KAATSU) is under consideration for use in cardiac rehabilitation. However, the physiological responses to such exercise have not yet been fully characterized. In an initial effort in healthy males (n = 11, age: 26.3±4.6 y), we compared the physiological responses to low-intensity endurance exercise with and without a thigh KAATSU. Participants performed maximal graded exercise testing using a cycle ergometer with or without KAATSU. We examined responses to cycling exercise at ventilatory threshold (VT) in heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), dyspnea, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), blood pressure (BP), and rectus femoris activation. Participants reached VT at a lower mechanical load, HR, VO2, dyspnea, and double product (HR×systolic BP) with KAATSU vs. no-KAATSU. At VT, RPE, and rectus femoris activity did not differ between the two conditions. These results suggest that KAATSU reduced exercise intensity to reach VT and the physiological responses to exercise at VT without changes in knee extensor muscle activation. Results from this pilot study in healthy males suggest that KAATSU aerobic exercise at VT intensity has the potential to be an effective and low-burden adjuvant to cycling in cardiac rehabilitation.
High Spin Magnetic Moments in All-3d-Metallic Co-Based Full Heusler Compounds

We conduct ab-initio electronic structure calculations to explore a novel category of magnetic Heusler compounds, comprising solely 3d transition metal atoms and characterized by high spin magnetic moments. Specifically, we focus on Co2YZ Heusler compounds, where Y and Z represent transition metal atoms such that the order of the valence is Co > Y > Z. We show that these compounds exhibit a distinctive region of very low density of minority-spin states at the Fermi level when crystallizing in the L21 lattice structure. The existence of this pseudogap leads most of the studied compounds to a Slater–Pauling-type behavior of their total spin magnetic moment. Co2FeMn is the compound that presents the largest total spin magnetic moment in the unit cell reaching a very large value of 9 μB. Our findings suggest that these compounds are exceptionally promising materials for applications in the realms of spintronics and magnetoelectronics.
MIBlood‐EV: Minimal information to enhance the quality and reproducibility of blood extracellular vesicle research

Abstract Blood is the most commonly used body fluid for extracellular vesicle (EV) research. The composition of a blood sample and its derivatives (i.e., plasma and serum) are not only donor‐dependent but also influenced by collection and preparation protocols. Since there are hundreds of pre‐analytical protocols and over forty variables, the development of standard operating procedures for EV research is very challenging. To improve the reproducibility of blood EV research, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) Blood EV Task Force proposes standardized reporting of (i) the applied blood collection and preparation protocol and (ii) the quality of the prepared plasma and serum samples. Gathering detailed information will provide insight into the performance of the protocols and more effectively identify potential confounders in the prepared plasma and serum samples. To collect this information, the ISEV Blood EV Task Force created the Minimal Information for Blood EV research (MIBlood‐EV), a tool to record and report information about pre‐analytical protocols used for plasma and serum preparation as well as assays used to assess the quality of these preparations. This tool does not require modifications of established local pre‐analytical protocols and can be easily implemented to enhance existing databases thereby enabling evidence‐based optimization of pre‐analytical protocols through meta‐analysis. Taken together, insight into the quality of prepared plasma and serum samples will (i) improve the quality of biobanks for EV research, (ii) guide the exchange of plasma and serum samples between biobanks and laboratories, (iii) facilitate inter‐laboratory comparative EV studies, and (iv) improve the peer review process.
he social transmission of metacontrol policies : Mechanisms nderlying the interpersonal transfer of persistence and flexibility

Humans often face binary cognitive-control dilemmas, with the choice between persistence and flexibility being a crucial one. Tackling these dilemmas requires metacontrol, i.e., the control of the current cognitivecontrol policy. As predicted from functional, psychometric, neuroscientific, and modeling approaches, interindividual variability in metacontrol biases towards persistence or flexibility could be demonstrated in metacontrol-sensitive tasks. These biases covary systematically with genetic predispositions regarding mesofrontal and nigrostriatal dopaminergic functioning and the individualistic or collectivistic nature of the cultural background. However, there is also evidence for moodand meditation-induced intraindividual variability (with negative mood and focused-attention meditation being associated with a bias towards persistence, and positive mood and open-monitoring meditation being associated with a bias
Clinical risk factors and blood protein biomarkers of 10-year pneumonia risk

Background Chronic inflammation may increase susceptibility to pneumonia. Research Question To explore associations between clinical comorbidities, serum protein immunoassays, and long-term pneumonia risk. Methods Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort participants [≥]65 years were linked to their Centers for Medicare Services claims data. Clinical data and 88 serum protein immunoassays were evaluated for associations with 10-year incident pneumonia risk using Fine-Gray models for competing risks of death and least absolute shrinkage and selection operators for covariate selection. Results We identified 1,370 participants with immunoassays and linkage to Medicare data. During 10 years of follow up, 428 (31%) participants had a pneumonia diagnosis. Chronic pulmonary disease [subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.33-2.61], current smoking (SHR 1.79, CI 1.31-2.45), heart failure (SHR 1.74, CI 1.10-2.74), atrial fibrillation/flutter (SHR 1.43, CI 1.06-1.93), diabetes (SHR 1.36, CI 1.05-1.75), hospitalization within one year (SHR 1.34, CI 1.09-1.65), and age (SHR 1.06 per year, CI 1.04-1.08) were associated with pneumonia. Three baseline serum protein measurements were associated with pneumonia risk independent of measured clinical factors: growth differentiation factor 15 (SHR 1.32; CI 1.02-1.69), C-reactive protein (SHR 1.16, CI 1.06-1.27) and matrix metallopeptidase 8 (SHR 1.14, CI 1.01-1.30). Addition of C-reactive protein to the clinical model improved prediction (Akaike information criterion 4950 from 4960; C-statistic of 0.64 from 0.62). Conclusions Clinical comorbidities and serum immunoassays were predictive of pneumonia risk. C-reactive protein, a routinely-available measure of inflammation, modestly improved pneumonia risk prediction over clinical factors. Our findings support the hypothesis that prior inflammation may increase the risk of pneumonia.
Genome-Wide Identiﬁcation and Expression Analysis of Malate Dehydrogenase Gene Family in Sweet Potato and Its Two Diploid Relatives

: Malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37) plays a vital role in plant growth and development as well as abiotic stress responses, and it is widely present in plants. However, the MDH family genes have not been explored in sweet potato. In this study, nine, ten, and ten MDH genes in sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas ) and its two diploid wild relatives, Ipomoea triﬁda and Ipomoea triloba , respectively, were identiﬁed. These MDH genes were unevenly distributed on seven different chromosomes among the three species. The gene duplications and nucleotide substitution analysis (Ka/Ks) revealed that the MDH genes went through segmental duplications during their evolution under purifying selection. A phylogenetic and conserved structure divided these MDH genes into ﬁve subgroups. An expression analysis indicated that the MDH genes were omni-presently expressed in distinct tissues and responded to various abiotic stresses. A transcription factor prediction analysis proved that Dof, MADS-box, and MYB were the main transcription factors of sweet potato MDH genes. These ﬁndings provide molecular features of the MDH family in sweet potato and its two diploid wild relatives, which further supports functional characterizations.
Population dynamics, cultural evolution and climate change in pre-Columbian western South America

This paper reports on an archaeogenetic study that was embedded in a transdiciplinary research project with the principal aim of understanding the cultural development in pre-Columbian Southern Peru. Ancient DNA analyses were conducted on over 300 pre-Columbian individuals from various archaeological sites in coastal Southern Peru and the Andean highlands, from periods ranging from the middle Formative Period (approx. 1000 BC) to the end of the Late Intermediate Period (approx. AD 1400). The data obtained were compared against a large set of data on contemporary and ancient South American populations to reveal biological affinities across the southern Andes and, more broadly, on the continental level, and contextualized with the archaeological and palaeoecological record. The results, albeit preliminary, shed light on populationdynamic processes accompanying cultural transformations in several archaeological periods. Changes in socioeconomic complexity and ecological alterations seem to have influenced migrational behaviour and the genetic diversity of the prehistoric central Andean populations. On the continental scale the results point to a discrete initial peopling of the western South American coast and the Andean highlands.
World Journal of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity have become two of the most prevalent and challenging diseases worldwide, with increasing incidence and serious complications. Recent studies have shown that noncoding RNA (ncRNA) and epigenetic regulation play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of DM complicated by obesity. Identification of the involvement of ncRNA and epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis of diabetes with obesity has opened new avenues of investigation. Targeting these mechanisms with small molecules or RNA-based therapies may provide a more precise and effective approach to diabetes treatment than traditional therapies. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of ncRNA and epigenetic regulation and their potential therapeutic targets, and the research prospects for DM complicated with obesity.
Exploring Decision-Making Processes: The Impact of Intense Exercise

: The present study aims at deciphering the impact of high-intensity interval exercise on cognitive processes related to perceptual decision-making through computational modelling. To that end, participants completed a perceptual decision task before, after, and while exercising at high-intensity (8 x 5min, 85 ± 8% HRmax). Cognitive processes were assessed by determining the best-fitting parameters of a drift diffusion model (DDM) based on behavioral data (accuracy and reaction times). Behavioral data indicated faster reaction time while cycling and a trend toward enhanced cognitive performance following exercise. Immediately post-exercise, the results revealed significant changes in the main parameters of the drift-diffusion model compared to before exercise, suggesting an improvement of perceptual discrimination, more efficient non-decisional processes (perceptual encoding and motor execution), associated with a more cautious decision strategy. The exercise-induced impact during exercise completion presented a different picture. When the cognitive task was performed while exercising, no modulation of perceptual discrimination was observed. Additionally, there was a modulation of the decision strategy, with progressively less cautious decisions during exercise, and a intricate dynamic in the evolution of non-decisional processes.
Diversity of Insecticidal PA1b Homologs among Legume Seeds from Middle Eastern Region

Legumes play a central role in various food systems, with significant socio-economic and environmental impacts. Their high protein content, composed mainly of globulins and albumins, makes them valuable for human food and animal feed. Among the albumins, is Pea Albumin 1 b (PA1b), a 37 amino acid peptide, extracted from the seeds of the pea Pisum sativum. The protein displays the knottin scaffold and exhibits potent insecticidal activity against certain insects including cereal weevils and mosquitoes. This toxicity is attributed to the coexistence of several isoforms in peas. The natural diversity of PA1b-like molecules within the legume species of the Fabaceae family has been studied using various molecular, biochemical, and bioinformatic tools. Several A1 genes coding for this peptide have been characterized in soybeans, bean, barrel medick and other legume species. The aim of is study is to precisely characterize partial A1 genes in legumes of the Faboideae subfamily from the Middle East region using PCR homology. Specifically, the research focuses on the sequence structure of Pea Albumin 1 b (PA1b) variants and establishes phylogenetic relationships between these sequences and publicly available A1b homologs. The toxic effects of seed flour containing PA1b-like molecules are assessed, demonstrating that the newly characterized PA1b homologs retain structural conservation. The study observes both conservation and diversification among A1b homologs, consistent with the divergence of lineages within the Fabaceae family. The toxic effects associated with putative A1b molecules are found across different species and within the same species from different geographical origins. In particular, novel candidates such as Vicia sativa and Medicago minima show promising insecticidal A1b activity. Further analysis of isoforms from these species, including an examination of their expression in different tissues and organs should be undertaken to facilitate the potential use of A1b molecules in agricultural practice.
Bitumen in neolithic iran : Biomolecular and isotopic evidence

This paper presents the results of the chemical analysis of materials recovered from two of the earliest agricultural villages in southwestern Iran and a late Neolithic pastoral encampment in nearby Khuzistan. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed biomarker compounds characteristic of bitumen in residues from ceramic vessels supporting the excavators' contention that the interior surfaces of some vessels were coated with a thin layer of such material and confirmed that 'fragments' collected during excavation were indeed bitumen. Biomolecular and isotopic (5D and δ 13 C) analysis of the bitumen indicated that the sources utilized lie in the Susa and Deh Luran regions of southwestern Iran.