Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circulating microRNAs as emerging regulators of COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global pandemic that has high incidence rates, spreads rapidly, and has caused more than 6.5 million deaths globally to date. Currently, several drugs have been used in the clinical treatment of COVID-19, including antivirals (e.g., molnupiravir, baricitinib, and remdesivir), monoclonal antibodies (e.g., etesevimab and tocilizumab), protease inhibitors (e.g., paxlovid), and glucocorticoids (e.g., dexamethasone). Increasing evidence suggests that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of viral infection and antiviral immune responses, including the biological processes involved in regulating COVID-19 infection and subsequent complications. During viral infection, both viral genes and host cytokines regulate transcriptional and posttranscriptional steps affecting viral replication. Virus-encoded miRNAs are a component of the immune evasion repertoire and function by directly targeting immune functions. Moreover, several host circulating miRNAs can contribute to viral immune escape and play an antiviral role by not only promoting nonstructural protein (nsp) 10 expression in SARS coronavirus, but among others inhibiting NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing (NLRP) 3 and IL-1β transcription. Consequently, understanding the expression and mechanism of action of circulating miRNAs during SARS-CoV-2 infection will provide unexpected insights into circulating miRNA-based studies. In this review, we examined the recent progress of circulating miRNAs in the regulation of severe inflammatory response, immune dysfunction, and thrombosis caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, discussed the mechanisms of action, and highlighted the therapeutic challenges involving miRNA and future research directions in the treatment of COVID-19.
When was the warmest day of 2011?

As a result of a cool summer and a late heatwave, there was a remarkable variation across the UK in the date when the highest temperature of 2011 was recorded. In some places it was as late as October. From 28 September to 3 October, England and Wales experienced an exceptional heatwave as a light southerly flow drew in warm air from southern Europe. Temperatures ex ceeded 25°C widely each day, reaching over 28°C in parts of central and eastern England – more than 10 degC above average for the time of year – often accompanied by around 10 hours of unbroken sunshine. The unusual warmth extended to Northern Ireland on 28 September and much of Scotland from 28 to 30 September, but otherwise frontal systems brought rain and lower temperatures to the north and west. During this spell a new UK maximum temperature record of 29.9°C was set for October at Gravesend (Kent) on 1st, breaking the previous record of 29.4°C at March (Cambridgeshire) on 1 October 1985. A new record for Wales of 28.2°C at Hawarden Airport (Flintshire) was also set on 1st. The spell did not, however, break the UK record for late September of 30.6°C at Stratfield Turgis (Hampshire) on 27 September 1895 (Webb and Meaden, 2000). Daily minimum temperatures (0900-0900 UTC) at many inland and most coastal locations were unusually high at around 15 to 17°C – nearer the daily maximum temperature expected at this time of year. The daily minimum of 18.7°C at Achnagart (Highland) on 29 September 2011 set a new September record for Scotland. However, there were very large local variations with minima at adjacent stations differing by more than 5 degC in some areas. The brilliant ‘Indian summer’1 across England and Wales was a welcome contrast to summer (June to August) 2011 which was rather cool and ‘indifferent’: the UK mean temperature was 0.4 degC below the 1971– 2000 average, making it the coolest summer since 1993. There were only around ten days when the temperature exceeded 25°C widely, with only short-lived warm, settled spells (National Climate Information Centre, 2011). The combination of the cool summer and this late heatwave led to almost a quarter of UK weather stations recording their highest temperature of the year in either late September or early October. These were mostly in western England and Wales, but also parts of northern England and Scotland, as shown in Figure 1. Examples are given in Table 1 for each date of the spell. In eastern England, the warmest day of the year was 27 June, when the temperature exceeded 30°C widely as far north as Bramham (North Yorkshire) and reached 33.1°C at Gravesend – the highest UK temperature since July 2006. However, this heat did not extend to more western areas. Across the UK, relatively few stations recorded their highest temperature in July and August, whilst at a handful, mostly in western Scot land, it occurred as early as April for example at Plockton (Ross-shire) with 23.5°C on 22 April. It is unusual, but not unprecedented, for the highest temperature to occur in spring or autumn, rather than in summer. In 2010,
CHARACTERISTIC NILPOTENT SUBGROUPS OF BOUNDED CO-RANK AND AUTOMORPHICALLY INVARIANT NILPOTENT IDEALS OF BOUNDED CODIMENSION IN LIE ALGEBRAS

It is proved that if a Lie algebra L has a nilpotent ideal of nilpotency class c and of finite codimension r, then L has also a nilpotent ideal of class c and of finite codimension bounded in terms of r and c that is invariant under all automorphisms of L. In a similar result for groups, the role of dimension is played by rank: if a group G has a normal nilpotent subgroup H of class c such that the quotient group G/H has finite rank r and H is either torsion-free or periodic, then G has also a characteristic nilpotent subgroup C of class c with quotient G/C of finite rank bounded in terms of r and c.
A Pumpkin-Based Emulsion Gel as a Texture Improvement of Mixed Horsemeat Semi-Smoked Sausages

Semi-smoked sausages were made with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% replacement of horsemeat by emulsion gel made with offal broth (stomach, kidney, liver, heart, brain, and a miscellaneous trimmings of a horse), pumpkin flour, and egg yolk in a ratio of 5:4:1. The technological, nutritional, oxidative, and rheological (G′ and G″) properties were studied. Sausage water holding capacity (WHC) rose after being incorporated with pumpkin-based emulsion gel (PEG). There was a statistically significant (p < 0.01) improvement in sausage emulsion stability. Lipid oxidation in all samples, especially 5% and 15% addition of emulsion gel samples, was below the rancidity criterion, which is TBARS > 2.0–2.5 mg MDA/kg sample. This really is encouraging because unsaturated fatty acids, such as those found in horsemeat, are easily oxidized. Use of the emulsion gel did not noticeably alter the sausages’ pH. Using emulsion gel considerably reduced the cooking loss (p < 0.05) of sausages and significantly improved texture (p < 0.05). Partial replacement of mixed horsemeat with emulsion gel improved the physicochemical characteristics of semi-smoked sausages. The elasticity modulus (G′) showed that PEG15 (15% of emulsion gel) was the most resilient gel. The least powerful gels (p < 0.05) were PEG20 and PEG25. According to this study, adding a pumpkin-based emulsion gel to the meat matrix could improve the quality of the emulsified meat system and provide important data for related research and companies as strategies to market a healthier and more nutritious product with the necessary quality characteristics.
Fit and fun: Content analysis investigating positive body image dimensions of adolescents’ Facebook images

Body-positive content on social media offers a promising approach to promote positive body image (PBI). However, we need further research in order to better characterize and understand its nature. This study provides a content analysis of adolescents’ image-based posts on Facebook. We aimed to determine whether the theoretical six-facet conceptualization of PBI was reflected in adolescents’ posts, and whether there were different trends according to gender and time, over a 3-year period. A set of 6,503 images posted by 66 adolescents (51.5% male), were coded for PBI attributes. The results indicate that inner positivity and appreciation of body functionality through involvement in sports and fun activities were the most represented PBI facets. Conversely, imagery representing taking care of the body via healthy food/beverage choices, embracing body diversity, and filtering information in a body-preserving manner, was rarely used to project self-image on Facebook. Gender differences were only found in the appreciation of body functionality via sports activities (more prevalent in boys) and investment in appearance using benign methods, such as the use of cosmetics (more prevalent in girls). Posts addressing appearance and health-promoting self-care behaviors tended to increase in mid-adolescence. We conclude that the adolescents’ posts on Facebook reflected several PBI characteristics, with a particular focus on those that enhance a functional view of the body. Future social media and school-level initiatives should prioritize the development of attuned self-care as well as mechanisms to filter messages that could endanger PBI, while also increasing the visibility of the diverse bodies that exist in the world.
Spatiotemporal Land Use/Land Cover Mapping and Prediction Based on Hybrid Modeling Approach: A Case Study of Kano Metropolis, Nigeria (2020-2050)

The change dynamics of land use/land cover (LULC) is a vital factor that significantly modifies the natural environment. Therefore, mapping and predicting spatiotemporal LULC transformation is crucial in effectively managing the built environment toward achieving Sustainable Development Goal 11, which seeks to make cities all-inclusive, sustainable, and reliable. The study aims to examine the change dynamics of LULC in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria from 1991 to 2020 and predict the city’s future land uses over the next 15 and 30 years, i.e., 2035 and 2050. The maximum likelihood algorithm (MLA) of the supervised classification method was utilized to classify the study area’s land uses using Landsat satellite data and various geographic information system (GIS) techniques. A hybrid simulation model comprising cellular automata and Markov chain (CA-Markov) was then employed in validating and modeling the change dynamics of future LULC. The model integrated the spatial continuity of the CA model with the Markov chain’s ability to address the limitations of individual models in simulating long-term land use prediction. The study revealed substantial changes in the historical LULC pattern of Kano metropolis from 1991 to 2020. It indicated a considerable decline in the city’s barren land from approximately 413.47 km2 in 1991 to 240.89 km2 in 2020. Built-up areas showed the most extensive development over the past 29 years, from about 66.16 km2 in 1991 to 218.72 km2 in 2020. This trend of rapid urban growth is expected to continue over the next three decades, with prediction results indicating the city’s built-up areas expanding to approximately 307.90 km2 in 2035 and 364.88 km2 in 2050. The result also suggests that barren lands are anticipated to decline further with the continuous sustenance of various agricultural activities, while vegetation and water bodies will slightly increase between 2020 and 2050. The findings of this study will help decision-makers and city administrators formulate sustainable land use policies for a more inclusive, safe, and resilient city.
Structure and Properties of Epoxy Polysulfone Systems Modified with an Active Diluent

An epoxy resin modified with polysulfone (PSU) and active diluent furfuryl glycidyl ether (FGE) was studied. Triethanolaminotitanate (TEAT) and iso-methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (iso-MTHPA) were used as curing agents. It is shown that during the curing of initially homogeneous mixtures, heterogeneous structures are formed. The type of these structures depends on the concentration of active diluent and the type of hardener. The physico-mechanical properties of the hybrid matrices are determined by the structure formed. The maximum resistance to a growing crack is provided by structures with a thermoplastic-enriched matrix-interpenetrating structures. The main mechanism for increasing the energy of crack propagation is associated with the implementation of microplasticity of extended phases enriched in polysulfone and their involvement in the fracture process.
Linear and Nonlinear Extension of the Pseudo-Inverse Solution for Learning Boolean Functions

We consider in this letter the pseudo-inverse solution for the learning of a binary classification. We address the problem of overfitting, i.e. the fact that the generalization rate can be relatively low although the learning rate is very high. We interpret this phenomenon with respect to the behaviour of the small eigenvalues of the covariance matrix of the learned patterns. We propose two ways for solving this problem: the first one is linear, the second one is a two-layer perceptron. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate these approaches.
Transverse acoustoelectric effect in the separated‐medium surface‐wave configuration

The transverse acoustoelectric voltage (TAV) produced in an ideal semiconductor by a surface acoustic wave propagating along an adjacent piezoelectric has been recalculated following a procedure similar to that in the original calculation of Gulyaev et al. [Yu. V. Gulyaev, A. Yu. Karabanov, A. M. Kmita, A. V. Medved′, and Sh. S. Tursunov, Fiz. Tverd. Tela 12, 2595 (1970)]. It appears that the original calculation contains an algebraic error, which results in an incorrect functional form for the TAV. In particular, it is shown here that the TAV undergoes a reversal of sign as function of frequency (or resistivity), even under flatband conditions and with only a single carrier type being involved in the interaction. At low frequencies (or low resistivities) the sign of the transverse effect is such that the surface of the semiconductor is accumulated, in agreement with experiments on low‐resistivity materials. The present calculations agree (in the appropriate limits) with the more complicated formal calcul.
Comparison of the Reliability of Four Different Movement Thresholds When Evaluating Vertical Jump Performance

Analyzing vertical jumps performed on a force plate can be useful for the strength and conditioning professional in managing neuromuscular fatigue. The purpose of this study was to compare different movement thresholds when analyzing countermovement (CJ) and squat jump (SJ) performance. Twenty-one college-aged participants (9 female, 12 male) performed five CJs and five SJs. Movement initiation was identified when the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) deviated five standard deviations (5SD), four standard deviations, (4SD), 2.5% of system weight (2.5%SW), and 10% of system weight (10%SW) from their starting position. For CJs, movement was determined when the VGRF deviated either above or below these thresholds (5SDAB, 4SDAB, 2.5%SWAB, 10%SWAB) and was compared to when VGRF deviated below these thresholds (5SDB, 4SDB, 2.5%SWB, 10%SWB) in terms of peak force (Fmax), net impulse (netIMP), braking impulse (brIMP), propulsive impulse, jump height (JHT), peak power (Pmax), peak velocity (Vmax), and RSImod. For SJs, movement was determined when VGRF initially rose above these thresholds (5SD, 4SD, 2.5%SW, and 10%SW) for Fmax, netIMP, JHT, and Vmax. Significant differences were observed among several methods except for Fmax. However, these differences were small. All CJ measures demonstrated good-to-excellent relative reliability (ICC: 0.790–0.990) except for netIMP for 2.5%SWAB (ICC: 0.479). All methods demonstrated good absolute reliability as measured by percent coefficient of variation (CV%) except brIMP and RSImod. This may be due to instructions given to each jumper as well as skill level. For SJs, no differences in Fmax or netIMP were found across all methods. Small differences were seen for JHT, Pmax, and Vmax across several methods. All methods produced acceptable CV% (<10%) and excellent ICCs (0.900–0.990). However, some jumpers produced CV% that was greater than 10% when determining JHT for 5SD, 4SD, and 2.5%SW methods. This could be due to our method of obtaining system weight. Based on our findings, we recommend using the 10%SW method for assessing SJ performance on a force plate.
What makes an Internet troll? On the relationships between temperament (BIS/BAS), Dark Triad, and Internet trolling

Internet trolling is a provocative or offensive online behavior linked to engaging in anonymous activities that evoke negative feelings in other people. We analyzed the relationships between Internet trolling, Dark Triad traits (i.e., psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism), and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)/Behavioral Approach System (BAS) in two studies. Study 1 involved a national quota sample representative of Polish young adults (N = 1,048, aged 18–25), and Study 2 involved a national quota sample of adult Poles (N = 432, aged 18–84). In both studies, we hypothesized and found that Internet trolling is predicted by low BIS and high BAS and that these relationships are mediated by high levels of psychopathy. These findings suggest that the basic temperamental dispositions may predispose individuals to irritate others on the Internet for one’s own enjoyment due to high (vs. low) levels of psychopathy. We discuss the role of temperamental and personality traits in shaping offensive online behavior.
The Effects of Equity Crowdfunding and Business Partnership Relationships on Business Performance: A Study on MSMEs Registered in Santara

This study aims to examine the effects of equity crowdfunding and business partnership relationships on the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). To the best of the researcher’s knowledge, there are still relatively few studies that discuss the relationship between these variables and business performance. These findings can add a reference to studies in the field of entrepreneurial finance, especially regarding equity crowdfunding for MSMEs. The analysis used was a multiple linear regression approach which was processed with SPSS 26.0 software. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling method. The data was obtained through the distribution of online questionnaires to 83 MSMEs registered in an application that is active in the fintech equity crowdfunding field called Santara. The study proved that equity crowdfunding has a significant positive effect on the performance of MSMEs, and the business partnership relationship has a significant positive effect on the performance of MSMEs. Equity crowdfunding is an alternative for MSMEs to obtain business capital other than bank loans. In addition, establishing a partnership will have a positive impact on business progress if it is carried out with the principle of mutual strengthening, needs, and benefits between parties.
Knowledge and attitude towards abortion among women in Afghanistan

Background: Abortion as the termination of pregnancy prior to 20 weeks of gestation or a fetus born weighing less than 500g. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitude of women on abortion in Herat city of Afghanistan. This cross-sectional study also serves to fill up the gap of the scarcity of data on abortion. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among women aged over 18 years old from over the 15 districts of Herat city of Afghanistan during 25th March 2021 to 1st June 2021. A total of 419 women participated in this study. Results: 30.3% of them were aged between 18-24 years old. 24.1% of the participants aged between 25-34 years old. 78.8% of the participants were married and 35.8% of the participants were Pashtuns. 41.5% of them heard about safe abortion methods. Only 23.4% of the participants had a good knowledge score on abortion. Good knowledge on abortion among participants were significantly associated with their ethnicity, educational level, father’s knowledge level, mother’s knowledge level, and economic status. Conclusion: A comprehensive campaign on safe abortion covering all the ethical, religious, constitutional, and scientific domains should be considered by the ministry of Public Health. It is recommended that the ministry of education of Afghanistan consider organizing trainings on safe abortion for high school male and female students.
Unidirectional bulk conduction and the anomalous temperature dependence of drift current under a trap-density gradient

Nonlinear drift conduction under a trap-density gradient is mathematically formulated. Semianalytical and numerical solutions demonstrate bulk-induced unidirectional current flow, i.e., rectification. The present theory is in excellent agreement with various experimental $J\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ characteristics ($J$: current density and $V$: applied voltage). At low $V$, the $J\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ characteristics are ohmic and bidirectional. As the injection increases, the $J\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ characteristics become nonlinear and exhibit unidirectionality under proper conditions. The major requirements for a large unidirectionality are the trap-density gradient $G⪢1$, an intermediate $V$, and not too large trap-filling factor $\ensuremath{\Theta}$, which requires the presence of acceptorlike traps. The unidirectional $J\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ characteristics due to the difference in trap-filled-to-trap-free-limit voltage ${V}_{\text{TFL}}$ for forward and reverse bias markedly resemble the standard rectification. In addition, the trap-density gradient yields a positive $T$ dependence of resistance for a proper set of parameters, evident $J\ensuremath{\propto}{V}^{1.5}$ characteristics, and a photovoltaic effect. The present results suggest that bulk conduction under trap-density gradient explains fractions of resistance switching and rectification phenomena. The semianalytical solutions are verified by numerical solutions and comparison with experiments. In particular, semianalytical solutions for shallow-trap case excellently fit the experimental data by three parameters in practice: two scaling factors and $G$.
Modelling and control of axial compressors via air injection

A new model for axial compression systems with air injection actuators is developed. We design a locally optimal, globally stabilizing controller to control the axial flow velocity in compression systems. The optimal control theory for spatially invariant distributed parameter systems is used to construct a locally optimal control. This method allows one to reduce the control problem of distributed parameter systems to a family of standard finite dimensional problems over spatial frequency. Based on the linear control design, we employ the Lyapunov stability theory to obtain a novel nonlinear feedback controller which stabilizes the nonlinear dynamics. Additional controllers are designed by considering the sector condition of the nonlinear dynamics. For each controller, numerical simulation results are presented.