Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Passenger flow forecast of railway station based on improved LSTM

To solve the problem that the traditional neural network model lacks the ability to predict the complex nonlinear data, this paper constructed a short-term passenger flow prediction model based on the improved LSTM. Taking the AFC data of Beijing West Railway Station as the research object, the neural network model is trained by using the deep learning framework Keras. The prediction results of the improved LSTM network model is compared with BP network model and the standard LSTM network model. The results show that the improved LSTM model has better prediction results. In different periods of weekdays and weekends, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of passenger flow prediction is lower than other models.
Wintering Cirl Buntings Emberiza cirlus in southwest England select cereal stubbles that follow a low-input herbicide regime

Capsule Birds selected stubbles preceded by crops with reduced pesticide inputs over those grown conventionally. Aims To compare use by wintering birds of stubbles created from cereals grown under a low-input pesticide regime with use of stubbles created from cereals grown under conventional high-input pesticide regime, in order to inform agri-environment scheme development. Methods ‘Complete area search’ methods were used to compare densities of birds occupying 186 stubble fields during winter 2003/04. Plant surveys were conducted on all fields at the same time as the bird surveys, while seed samples were taken from a subset of 20 special project stubbles and 20 conventional stubbles using pairwise random selection throughout the course of the fieldwork. The data were analysed using multivariate log-linear and logistic regression methods to assess the differences in bird numbers between fields, according to stubble type and other variables. Results Cirl Buntings and several other species, including Yellowhammer and Reed Bunting, used special project stubbles significantly more than conventional stubbles. Seed densities, especially those of broadleaved weeds, were higher on special project stubbles. Conclusions This work highlights the importance of continued agri-environment payments for low-input stubbles for some declining bird species, such as Cirl Buntings.
Lens Connexin Channels Show Differential Permeability to Signaling Molecules

Gap junction channels mediate the direct intercellular passage of small ions as well as larger solutes such as second messengers. A family of proteins called connexins make up the subunits of gap junction channels in chordate animals. Each individual connexin forms channels that exhibit distinct permeability to molecules that influence cellular signaling, such as calcium ions, cyclic nucleotides, or inositol phosphates. In this review, we examine the permeability of connexin channels containing Cx43, Cx46, and Cx50 to signaling molecules and attempt to relate the observed differences in permeability to possible in vivo consequences that were revealed by studies of transgenic animals where these connexin genes have been manipulated. Taken together, these data suggest that differences in the permeability of individual connexin channels to larger solutes like 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) could play a role in regulating epithelial cell division, differentiation, and homeostasis in organs like the ocular lens.
Gypsy Moth, Lymantria (=Ocneria) dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), in the People's Republic of China

In a 2-month expedition to Beijing and northeast People's Republic of China (PRC) to investigate natural enemies of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), much was learned about the pest itself. Its distribution is wide in the PRC but it is more abundant in the northeast where local outbreaks occurred in 1980 and/or 1981. Known outbreak history is tabulated. Gravid adult females are capable of sustained flight and often lay eggs on structures near outdoor lights, to which they are attracted. Larval behavior is similar to that of larvae in North America. At low population levels much feeding is done at night and large larvae rest under bark flaps, stones, or leaf litter during the day. Larval food plants are listed and are similar to that of New World larvae except that persimmon, Diospyros sp. , in the Beijing area, and larch, Larix spp. , in the northeast, are highly preferred. Larval developmental phenology based on our collected larvae is presented. Larval color variation is pronounced (greater quantities of yellow) but this varies within sites and geographically. About 0.3% of larvae collected were black-backed mutants, an example of which is illustrated.
Increased nitro-oxidative stress toxicity as a major determinant of increased blood pressure in mood disorders.

BACKGROUND Hypertension, atherogenicity and insulin resistance are major risk factors of cardiovascular disorder (CVD), which shows a strong comorbidity with major depression (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Activated oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), inflammatory pathways, and increased atherogenicity are shared pathways underpinning CVD and mood disorders. METHODS The current study examined the effects of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and malondialdehyde (MDA) on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in 96 mood disordered patients and 60 healthy controls. RESULTS A large part of the variance in SBP (31.6%) was explained by the regression on a z unit-weighted composite score (based on LOOH, AOPP, SOD, NOx) reflecting nitro-oxidative stress toxicity (NOSTOX), coupled with highly sensitive C-reactive protein, body weight and use of antihypertensives. Increased DBP was best predicted (23.8%) by body mass index and NOSTOX. The most important O&NS biomarkers predicting an increased SBP were in descending order of significance: LOOH, AOPP and SOD. Higher levels of the atherogenic index of plasma, HOMA2 insulin resistance index and basal thyroid-stimulating hormone also contributed to increased SBP independently from NOSTOX. Although there were no significant changes in SBP/DBP in mood disorders, the associations between NOSTOX and blood pressure were significant in patients with mood disorders but not in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Activated O&NS pathways including increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, which indicates hypochlorous stress, are the most important predictors of an increased BP, especially in patients with mood disorders.
Association of variants in PTPN22, CTLA‐4, IL2‐RA, and INS genes with type 1 diabetes in Emiratis

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a complex interrelation of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic studies have reported HLA and non‐HLA loci as significant contributors to T1D. However, the genetic basis of T1D among Emiratis is unexplored. This study aims to determine the contribution of four genes PTPN22, CTLA‐4, IL2‐RA, and INS to T1D risk among Emiratis. The association between variants in PTPN22 (rs2476601, rs1310182), CTLA‐4 (rs11571316, rs231775, rs3087243, rs1427676, and rs231727), IL2‐RA (rs7090530), and INS (rs7111341) with T1D was tested in 310 Emiratis (139 T1D patients and 171 controls). A significant association was found at rs1310182, and rs2476601 both in PTPN22, rs3087243, and rs231775 both in CTLA‐4, and rs12251307 in IL2‐RA. Moreover, a haplotype constituted from GG and AG genotypes at rs231727 and rs231775, respectively, in CTLA‐4 was significantly associated with an increased T1D risk. The cumulative effects of risk alleles for all significantly associated SNPs showed 11.8 higher relative risk for T1D for those who carry 5–6 compared to 0–1 risk alleles. This study illustrated that PTPN22, CTLA‐4, and IL2‐RA gene variants could confer risk alleles for T1D among the Emirati population.
Brazilian Mucuna pruriens Seeds (Velvet Bean) Lack Hemagglutinating Activity

The mature dry seeds of Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) from Brazil were analyzed for two major antinutritional factors, antitryptic and hemagglunating activities, to determine their potential as human food or animal feed. The raw seeds contained 321.5 g kg-1 crude proteins and 11864.8 trypsin inhibitor units (TIU) (g of seed)-1, but the protein extract failed to agglutinate any of the three types of human erythrocytes (A, B, and O) or rabbit or pig erythrocytes. Ordinary cooking (boiling) of the seeds for an hour at 96 °C, pressure cooking for 20 min, or ordinary cooking for 30 min after soaking in water for 48 h completely inactivated the antitryptic activities. Keywords: Brazilian Mucuna pruriens seeds; hemagglutinating and antitryptic activities
Polylithic Integration of 2.5-D and 3-D Chiplets Enabled by Multi-Height and Fine-Pitch CMIs

A polylithic integration technology called heterogeneous interconnect stitching technology (HIST) is explored in this article. HIST provides both 2.5-D and 3-D integration capabilities enabled by multi-height and fine-pitch compressible microinterconnects (CMIs). The ANSYS Workbench simulator is used to optimize and simulate the multi-height and fine-pitch CMIs. A testbed is fabricated and assembled in order to demonstrate the key features of the proposed technology: the assembly of an anchor chip with multi-height CMIs (65 and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$35~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in height) onto a substrate with a surface-embedded chip (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$52~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in thickness) and mechanical bonding using solder bumps. Fine-pitch CMIs (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$30\,\,\mu \text{m}\,\,\times 30\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) are also fabricated and demonstrated in order to meet an ever-growing need for higher I/O densities for high-performance computing systems. Electrical resistance characterization results are reported as well as the mechanical characterization of interconnects.
The Presence of Spissistilus Festinus as a Factor Affecting Egg Predation by Ants in Soybeans

Five ant species, of which Solenopsis geminata (F.) and Conomyrma insana (Buckley) were the most abundant, tended nymphs of the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say), on soybeans in a north Florida field. The presence of nymphs tended by ants was examined as a factor affecting predation on eggs of the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens Walker. Where S. geminata tended the nymphs, the percentage of looper eggs missing after 24 hr was significantly greater from plants with nymphs (77.1%) than from plants without nymphs (36.8%). Where C. insana tended the nymphs, the percentage of eggs missing was significantly greater from plants with nymphs than from plants without nymphs after 4 hr (36.8% vs. 17.5%) and 8 hr (65.6% vs. 42.9%), but not after 24 hr (90.7% vs. 86.3%). In all experiments, the proportion of eggs missing was greatest from the lowest 1/3 of the plant and least from the upper 1/3.
Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Based on Grey Correlation VIKOR with Triangular Ordered Fuzzy Numbers

Rolling bearing is one of the important part industrial equipment, its affects the reliability of the whole industry system. So, rolling bearing fault diagnosis becomes more important. Nowadays, experts sometimes use fuzzy numbers to describe fault modes information. The triangular ordered fuzzy numbers with an extra orientation can be easier to express fuzzy information. In this article, firstly, we give the definition of triangular ordered fuzzy numbers, the operational laws of triangular ordered fuzzy numbers, and the vertex distance between triangular ordered fuzzy numbers. Secondly, we use the triangular ordered fuzzy arithmetic operator and variant coefficient method to calculate expert weights and attribute weights. Thirdly, we propose a grey correlation VIKOR method which is combined with utility measure, regret measure, and grey correlation degree to rank the alternatives. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method with rolling bearing fault diagnosis problem.
Consequences of ignoring dispersal variation in network models for landscape connectivity

Habitat loss and fragmentation can negatively influence population persistence and biodiversity, but the effects can be mitigated if species successfully disperse between isolated habitat patches. Network models are the primary tool for quantifying landscape connectivity, yet in practice, an overly simplistic view of species dispersal is applied. These models often ignore individual variation in dispersal ability under the assumption that all individuals move the same fixed distance with equal probability. We developed a modeling approach to address this problem. We incorporated dispersal kernels into network models to determine how individual variation in dispersal alters understanding of landscape‐level connectivity and implemented our approach on a fragmented grassland landscape in Minnesota. Ignoring dispersal variation consistently overestimated a population's robustness to local extinctions and underestimated its robustness to local habitat loss. Furthermore, a simplified view of dispersal underestimated the amount of habitat substructure for small populations but overestimated habitat substructure for large populations. Our results demonstrate that considering biologically realistic dispersal alters understanding of landscape connectivity in ecological theory and conservation practice.
Agricultural adaptation in the native North American weed waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Amaranthaceae)

There is increasing interest in documenting adaptation of weedy plant species to agricultural ecosystems, beyond the evolution of herbicide resistance. Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) is a native plant of the Midwestern U.S. that began infesting agricultural fields in the 20th century within the central portion of its range. We hypothesized that the vegetative growth and reproductive traits of waterhemp from this heavily infested central region provide differential fitness benefits in agricultural environments. We collected seeds from across the species’ native range, representing regions with varying degrees of waterhemp infestation, and planted them together in common garden soybean plots. A 2010 common garden experiment was conducted within the range of agriculturally weedy waterhemp (in Missouri), and a 2011 common garden experiment was conducted outside of this range (in Ohio). Days to flowering and flowering plant height, mature plant size data (height, number of branches, and length of the longest branch), and above-ground biomass were measured to estimate relative fitness. In both common garden locations, plants from regions where waterhemp occurs as an agricultural weed — including those from the heavily infested Mississippi Valley region (Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri) and the less severely infested Plains region (Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma) — had higher relative performance in almost all fitness-related measures than plants from the Northeast region (Ohio, Michigan, and Ontario), which had little to no agriculturally weedy waterhemp at the time of our study. Further analysis revealed that fewer days to flowering in the Northeast populations can be largely accounted for by latitude of origin, suggesting a strong genetic influence on this reproductive trait. These findings suggest intraspecific variation in agricultural adaptation in a native U.S. weed, and support the use of agricultural weeds to study adaptation.
The influence of plant growth regulators on root and shoot growth of containerized trees following root removal

SummaryThree plant growth regulators (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indolebutyric acid (IBA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)) singly and in combination, were incorporated as a drench into the growing medium of containerized Alnus rubra, Sorbus aucuparia, Tilia × europea and Quercus robur following removal of half of the root system. Unpruned trees drenched with distilled water were used as controls. Irrespective of species, applications of auxin solutions at 10 g 1–1 was associated with 100% mortality by week 16. In all cases leaf chlorophyll fluorescence values and necrosis of unpruned trees (controls) remained relatively constant. Root removal and application of distilled water reduced leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and increased necrosis regardless of species. Minimal leaf necrosis and high chlorophyll fluorescence were recorded following application of IAA, IBA, IAA + IBA and IAA + IBA (1 g 1–1) to Q. robur, T. × europea, S. aucuparia, and A. rubra, respectively. Generally treatments of NAA alone or in .
A laboratory study of root canal and isthmus disinfection in extracted teeth using various activation methods with a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and etidronic acid.

AIM To evaluate in a laboratory setting the antibiofilm activity of several irrigating protocols including conventional irrigation, ultrasonic activation and XP-endo Finisher, with a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and etidronic acid in infected isthmuses and root canals of extracted human teeth. METHODOLOGY Fifty-six mesial roots of mandibular molars, half of them with a continuous isthmus from the cervical to the apical third between the two root canals (type 1), and the other half with a continuous isthmus from the cervical to the middle third and one canal in the apical third (type 2), were included. The root canals were contaminated for seven days with an Enterococcus faecalis suspension. There were 3 experimental groups plus a control group (n = 7 per type of root canal anatomy). All the root canals, except for the control group that was not treated, were chemo-mechanically prepared and then assigned to one of the experimental groups according to the final adjunctive procedure: conventional irrigation, ultrasonic activation, or XP-endo Finisher activation. The irrigating solution used was a combination of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 9% etidronic acid, and the final protocols were applied for three cycles of 30 seconds with a 3 mL volume. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated at each location (root canal and isthmus) and third (cervical, middle and apical) using confocal laser scanning microscopy and the live/dead technique. Statistical analysis was performed by means of SPSS (descriptive statistics) and SUDAAN (p-value calculations). RESULTS Root canals had significantly lower biovolume values than the isthmuses (p<0.05). The biovolume in the root canals was significantly reduced in all the experimental groups in all the thirds except for conventional irrigation in the apical third (p>0.05). In the cervical and middle thirds, ultrasonic activation was associated with the lowest biovolumes (p<0.05), followed by XP-endo Finisher. In the isthmus, disinfection was similar in all the thirds for all the protocols. Conventional irrigation was associated with intermediate values with no significant differences from the control group or from the activated protocols (p>0.05), although the latter were significantly different from the control group (p<0.05). No differences were found between ultrasonic activation and XP-endo Finisher in the middle and apical thirds (p>0.05) in the isthmuses. CONCLUSIONS In this laboratory study on extracted teeth, the isthmus was more difficult to disinfect than root canals. In the root canals, ultrasonic activation and XP-endo Finisher had a greater effectiveness than conventional irrigation. In the isthmuses, no differences were observed between the two activation techniques and conventional irrigation.
Demonstration of Optical Wireless Communications Using the Pulsed Modulation PHY in IEEE 802.15.13

In optical wireless communications (OWC), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has become a common choice of modulation as it is well established in both wired and radio frequency wireless applications. While it has advantages such as high spectral efficiency and robustness against multi-path propagation, power efficiency is suboptimal when using it together with intensity modulation and direct detection over optical channels. Unlike in the radio frequency domain, availability of spectrum is not a limiting factor, so range can be improved by using a wider bandwidth, lower spectral efficiency and, accordingly, simpler modulation techniques. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the performance of a complete physical layer based on on-off-keying and frequency-domain equalization as it is specified in IEEE 802.15. 13 and prove its applicability to OWC.
Microfiber-Knot-Resonator-Induced Energy Transferring From Vector Noise-Like Pulse to Scalar Soliton Rains in an Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser

We report on scalar soliton rains (SRs) shedding from vector square-wave noise-like pulse (NLP) by introducing a microfiber-knot-resonator (MKR) into an erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser. The EDF laser has an ultralong cavity of ∼3.07 km and a large anomalous cavity-dispersion, facilitating the formation of NLP. Once an MKR was further incorporated, comb-like filtering effect could be clearly observed on the emission spectrum. Apart from that, SRs shedding from the NLP were observed, which resulted from the MKR-induced energy transferring effect from the NLP to SRs. It was further found that the SRs existed only along a particular polarization direction, whereas the NLPs could be found in any pair of orthogonal polarization directions, despite some differences in pulse peak power. These suggest that the SRs possess scalar feature, whereas the co-circulating NLP is a package of vector pulses. Our results represent the first observation of MKR-induced pulse energy transferring effect and also the first observation of the co-existence of scalar and vector pulses in a single fiber system. Besides enriching the dynamics and interactions of optical pulses in fiber lasers, our results extend the applications of MKR to the area of pulse manipulations through spectral tailoring and local nonlinearity engineering.
CASH-RAM: Enabling In-Memory Computations for Edge Inference Using Charge Accumulation and Sharing in Standard 8T-SRAM Arrays

Machine Learning (ML) workloads being memory- and compute-intensive, consume large amounts of power running on conventional computing systems, restricting their implementations to large-scale data centers. Transferring large amounts of data from the edge devices to the data centers is not only energy expensive, but sometimes undesirable in security-critical applications. Thus, there is a need for building domain-specific hardware primitives for energy-efficient ML processing at the edge. One such approach - in-memory computing, eliminates frequent and unnecessary data-transfers between the memory and the compute units, by directly computing the data where it is stored. However, the analog nature of computations introduces non-idealities, which degrades the overall accuracy of neural networks. In this paper, we propose an in-memory computing primitive for accelerating dot-products within standard 8T-SRAM caches, using charge-sharing. The inherent parasitic capacitance of the bitlines and sourcelines is used for accumulating analog voltages, which can be sensed for an approximate dot product. The charge sharing approach involves a self-compensation technique which reduces the effects of non-idealities, thereby reducing the errors. Our results for ternary weight neural networks show that using the proposed compensation approaches, the accuracy degradation is within 1% and 5% of the baseline accuracy, for the MNIST and CIFAR-10 dataset, respectively, with an energy-delay product improvement of $38\times $ over the standard von-Neumann computing system. We believe that this work can be used in conjunction with existing mitigation techniques, such as re-training approaches, to further enhance system performance.