Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LFA-1–mediated Adhesion Is Regulated by Cytoskeletal Restraint and by a Ca2+-dependent Protease, Calpain

The activity of integrins on leukocytes is kept under tight control to avoid inappropriate adhesion while these cells are circulating in blood or migrating through tissues. Using lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) on T cells as a model, we have investigated adhesion to ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 induced by the Ca2+ mobilizers, ionomycin, 2,5-di-t-butylhydroquinone, and thapsigargin, and the well studied stimulators such as phorbol ester and cross-linking of the antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR)– CD3 complex. We report here that after exposure of T cells to these agonists, integrin is released from cytoskeletal control by the Ca2+-induced activation of a calpain-like enzyme, and adhesive contact between cells is strengthened by means of the clustering of mobilized LFA-1 on the membrane. We propose that methods of leukocyte stimulation that cause Ca2+ fluxes induce LFA-1 adhesion by regulation of calpain activity. These findings suggest a mechanism whereby engagement of the TCR could promote adhesion strengthening at an early stage of interaction with an antigen-presenting cell.
Bayesian information extraction network for Medline abstract

Biomedical is a huge domain that combines a variety of research areas. MEDELINE is one of the largest biomedical databases. Thereby, the searching of pertinent information through Medline has become a difficult task. That's why; we need to develop information extraction systems in order to facilitate the treatment and the representation of data according to the user's need. This paper applies Bayesian Networks to support information extraction based on ontological annotation from Medline. We present a tool developed that combines between semantic and probabilistic reasoning techniques.
Pediatric DXA: A Review of Proper Technique and Correct Interpretation

Accurate assessment of bone density in the pediatric patient differs significantly from bone density assessment in adults and is essential for preventing misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment. This article reviews current indications, technique, and accurate interpretation of pediatric dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Specifically, current methodology for acquisition of pediatric DXA, guidelines for precise and meaningful interpretation of results, and the most comprehensive pediatric normative database compiled to date, as well as its implications for DXA interpretation, will be discussed. Case reports will be provided for further study.
Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation Prevent Apoptosis in Cardiac Cells

ABSTRACT Studies of cardiac pathology and heart failure have implicated cardiomyocyte apoptosis as a critical determinant of disease. Recent evidence indicates that the intracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes heart disease in chronically infected individuals, impinges on host apoptotic pathways in a cell type-dependent manner. T. cruzi infection of isolated neuronal cells and cardiomyocytes protects against apoptotic cell death, whereas apoptosis is triggered in T cells in T. cruzi-infected animals. In this study, we demonstrate that the ability of T. cruzi to protect cardiac cells in vitro from apoptosis triggered by a combination of tumor necrosis factor alpha and serum reduction correlates with the presence of intracellular parasites and involves activation of host cell NF-κB. We further demonstrate that the apoptotic block diminishes activation of caspase 3. The ability of T. cruzi to prevent apoptosis of infected cardiomyocytes is likely to play an important role in establishment of persistent infection in the heart while minimizing potential damage and remodeling that is associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis in cardiovascular disease.
Development of the acinus in the human lung

Hislop, Alison, and Reid, Lynne (1974). Thorax, 29, 90-94. Development of the acinus in the human lung. Development and remodelling of the acinus (those structures distal to the terminal bronchiolus) occurs during fetal life and childhood. Multiplication of the acinar air spaces and the structural changes they undergo have been described and represented schematically by summarizing previous studies, particularly those of the last two decades. Most acinar airways are present before birth. Future respiratory bronchioli are represented by the 19th intrauterine week; alveolar ducts are present as saccules by the 28th week. Alveolar sacs and alveoli, as properly described, do not appear until after birth: alveoli increase in number, particularly in the first seven or so years of life, and in size with thoracic growth.
21.3 A 200nA single-inductor dual-input-triple-output (DITO) converter with two-stage charging and process-limit cold-start voltage for photovoltaic and thermoelectric energy harvesting

Energy harvesting has been considered to be a good solution to power many IoE applications [1-3]. Some applications require regulated supply voltage, while on the other hand, any extra energy should be stored in the storage element, such as a rechargeable battery, to maximize the total system efficiency. As the power delivery density is small in the energy-harvesting application, using a single inductor to transfer the power from the harvester to multiple outputs is achievable and efficient. The DITO architecture has three outputs as shown in Fig. 21.3. 1: one is the regulated voltage output REG_OUT, the second is the unregulated voltage output SYS and the third is the rechargeable battery BAT. Due to the unpredictable environment conditions, the harvester could be in an environment without a corresponding energy source available for a long time. In order to keep the system operation without the harvester input VIN, the backup battery at BACK_UP is necessary, which would be the second power input of the system. The control scheme should make sure the backup battery only delivers power to the system when necessary in order not to waste any energy in the backup battery.
RPM-Based Approach to Extract Power System Steady State and Small Signal Stability Information From the Time-Domain Simulation

Recursive projection method (RPM) is investigated to extract power system steady state and small signal stability information from time-domain simulation code (TDSC). RPM takes outputs from TDSC to identify an unstable/slow invariant subspace of the full state space. On this subspace, a Newton type of method is applied to enhance convergence for unstable/slowly-converging modes. While on the complement, fixed point iteration of TDSC is kept to evolve stable/fast-decaying modes. Dominant eigenspectrum of the integration scheme is also obtained as byproduct, from which system small signal stability features can be reconstructed. Thus, RPM can enhance convergence of fixed point iteration and enable TDSC to perform small signal stability analysis. At the same time, modeling and numerical advantages of original TDSC are preserved and extra programming costs are saved. The approach is validated by examples on WECC nine-bus, New England 39-bus, and 230-bus systems.
Predicting and understanding ecosystem responses to climate change at continental scales

Climate is changing across a range of scales, from local to global, but ecological consequences remain difficult to understand and predict. Such projections are complicated by change in the connectivity of resources, particularly water, nutrients, and propagules, that influences the way ecological responses scale from local to regional and from regional to continental. This paper describes ecological responses to expected changes in four key meso-scale drivers that influence the ecosystems of the North American continental interior: drought, warming, snowpack disappearance, and altered fire regimes. Changes in these drivers will affect, for example, atmospheric smoke, dust, and reactive nitrogen concentrations; stream discharge; nitrate concentrations; sediment loads; and the vector-borne spread of invasive species and infectious diseases. A continental network of sensors and simulation models is required to detect changes in the transport vectors – atmospheric, hydrologic, and mechanized –that connect sp.
Hydrogel Biosensor Array Platform Indexed by Shape

A multi-analyte sensor array platform has been developed which consists of analyte specific features that are indexed by shape. The array features are batch-fabricated lithographically from poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogel pre-polymer and can accommodate a wide variety of different sensing chemistries. Depending on the physical scale of the sensing moiety, it is either copolymerized to the hydrogel matrix (e.g., oligonucleotides, aptamers), or it is merely physically encapsulated, an important strategy for preserving the biological activity of the larger and more complex sensing elements (e.g., antibodies, proteins, cells). This three-dimensional hydrogel sensor platform has an advantage over two-dimensional platforms in that it offers an increased signal density, and because the array is constructed of poly(ethylene glycol), it has virtually no background noise due to nonspecific adsorption of labeled analytes. To highlight the capabilities of this platform to make high signal-to-noise measureme.
Dimethylammonium dichloridotriphenylstannate(IV)

The title salt, [(CH3)2NH2][Sn(C6H5)3Cl2], was obtained as a by-product of the reaction between bis(dimethylammonium) oxalate and triphenyltin chloride. In the stannate anion, the trigonal–bipyramidal coordination environment of the SnIV atom is defined by the phenyl groups in equatorial and the Cl atoms in axial positions. The cations are connected to adjacent anions through N—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen-bonding interactions, leading to a chain motif parallel to [100].
A 128 channel 7.5 MHz linear array ultrasonic probe using PMN-PT single crystal

The performance of 128channel 7.5 MHz linear array ultrasonic probe using 0.67Pb(Mg/sub 1/3/ Nb/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/-0.33PbTiO/sub 3/ single crystal was investigated. The fabrication process was modified as the mechanical and electrical properties difference between PMN-PT single crystal and conventional PZT. The sensitivity of the PMN-PT single crystal probe is about 3 dB higher than that of the conventional PZT probe, and the -6 dB bandwidth is about 30 % broader. The sensitivity variation of PMN-PT probe was similar with PZT probe.
Minimum Cost Data Aggregation with Localized Processing for Statistical Inference

The problem of minimum cost in-network fusion of measurements, collected from distributed sensors via multihop routing is considered. A designated fusion center performs an optimal statistical-inference test on the correlated measurements, drawn from a Markov random field. Conditioned on the delivery of a sufficient statistic for inference to the fusion center, the structure of optimal routing and fusion is shown to be a Steiner tree on a transformed graph. This Steiner-tree reduction preserves the approximation ratio, which implies that any Sterner- tree approximation can be employed for minimum cost fusion with the same approximation ratio. The proposed fusion scheme involves routing packets of two types viz., raw measurements sent for local processing, and aggregates obtained on combining these processed values. The performance of heuristics for minimum cost fusion are evaluated through theory and simulations, showing a significant saving in routing costs, when compared to routing all the raw measurements to the fusion center.
Query selection for improved Greek web searches

As the Web becomes an integral part of our everyday life and the Internet-literate population grows rapidly, the Search Engine market is steadily gaining a high monetary value. Unfortunately, today, the distribution of the search market share is dominated by English-speaking users and stakeholders, basically because English is the lingua franca of the Web. Thus, although the majority of the Web users are non-English native speakers, they naturally gravitate to using English in order to explore the plentiful Web content. In this paper, we propose a query selection mechanism for assisting users perform successful non-English Web searches. Our mechanism combines linguistic analysis and Web mining techniques and aims at assisting users select informative and well-specified queries for expressing their information needs in languages other than English. Our technique is validated on a dataset of 70 Greek queries issued to Google search engine over a period of 3 weeks. Obtained results demonstrate that our query selection mechanism yields improved retrieval performance compared to existing non-English search strategies and as such we believe that it can be fruitfully deployed for other natural languages.
Semantic context inference for spoken document retrieval using term association matrices

This study presents a novel approach to semantic context inference based on term association matrices for spoken document retrieval. Each recognized term in a spoken document infers a semantic vector containing a bag of semantic terms from a term association matrix. Such a semantic term expansion and re-weighting make the semantic context inference vector a suitable representation for speech indexing. We consider both words and syllables on term association matrices for semantic context inference. The syllable lattice bigram instead of the single-best speech recognition results and various term weighting schemes have been studied for semantic context inference. Experiments were conducted on Mandarin Chinese broadcast news. The results indicate the proposed approach offers a significant performance improvement of spoken document retrieval.
An Improved Incremental Updating Algorithm for the Core Computation of Decision Table

A rough set theory is a new mathematical tool to deal with uncertainty and vagueness of decision system, and the Computation of a Core is one of the most important problems of rough set. This paper introduces an improved algorithm based on discernibility matrix by Yang, and proposes an incremental updating algorithm for Core Computation. The space and time complexity of the new algorithm are cut down. The theoretical analysis and experiments shows the proposed reduction methods are an effective technique to deal with complex data sets.
Lemmatic Machine Translation

Statistical MT is limited by reliance on large parallel corpora. We propose Lemmatic MT, a new paradigm that extendsMT to a far broader set of languages, but requires substantial manual encoding effort. We present PANLINGUAL TRANSLATOR, a prototype Lemmatic MT system with high translation adequacy on 59% to 99% of sentences (average 84%) on a sample of 6 language pairs that Google Translate (GT) handles. GT ranged from 34% to 93%, average 65%. PANLINGUAL TRANSLATOR also had high translation adequacy on 27% to 82% of sentences (average 62%) from a sample of 5 language pairs not handled by GT.
A method for discovery and analysis of temporal patterns in complex event data

Pattern analysis techniques currently common within geography tend to focus either on characterizing patterns of spatial and/or temporal recurrence of a single event type (e.g., incidence of flu cases) or on comparing sequences of a limited number of event types where relationships between events are already represented in the data (e.g., movement patterns). The availability of large amounts of multivariate spatiotemporal data, however, requires new methods for pattern analysis. Here, we present a technique for finding associations among many different event types where the associations among these varying event types are not explicitly represented in the data or known in advance. This pattern discovery method, known as T-pattern analysis, was first developed within the field of psychology for the purpose of finding patterns in personal interactions. We have adapted and extended the T-pattern method to take the unique characteristics of geographic data into account and implemented it within a geovisualization toolkit for an integrated computational-geovisual environment we call STempo. To demonstrate how T-pattern analysis can be employed in geographic research for discovering patterns in complex spatiotemporal data, we describe a case study featuring events from news reports about Yemen during the Arab Spring of 2011–2012. Using supplementary data from the Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone, we briefly summarize and reference a separate validation study, then evaluate the scalability of the T-pattern approach. We conclude with ideas for further extensions of the T-pattern technique to increase its utility for spatiotemporal analysis.
Secrecy Outage Analysis of Multiuser Diversity With Unequal Average SNR in Transmit Antenna Selection Systems

This letter exploits multiuser diversity to enhance the physical layer security in transmit antenna selection systems. Since fading channels among different users are nonidentically distributed, new expressions of the exact and asymptotic secrecy outage probability are derived in an accumulate way. Also, an efficient closed-form derivation rather than a numerical root-finding is presented to evaluate the ε-outage secrecy capacity. Simulations are provided to verify our analysis and show that 1) the number of users has a great impact on secrecy performance; 2) the multiuser diversity should be exploited appropriately considering the statistics of the legitimate users and the eavesdropper.
B Cell Development in GALT: Role of Bacterial Superantigen-Like Molecules

Intestinal bacteria drive the formation of lymphoid tissues, and in rabbit, bacteria also promote development of the preimmune Ab repertoire and positive selection of B cells in GALT. Previous studies indicated that Bacillus subtilis promotes B cell follicle formation in GALT, and we investigated the mechanism by which B. subtilis stimulates B cells. We found that spores of B. subtilis and other Bacillus species, including Bacillus anthracis, bound rabbit IgM through an unconventional, superantigen-like binding site, and in vivo, surface molecules of B. anthracis spores promoted GALT development. Our study provides direct evidence that B cell development in GALT may be driven by superantigen-like molecules, and furthermore, that bacterial spores modulate host immunity.
Robust cardiomyocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells via temporal modulation of canonical Wnt signaling

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer the potential to generate large numbers of functional cardiomyocytes from clonal and patient-specific cell sources. Here we show that temporal modulation of Wnt signaling is both essential and sufficient for efficient cardiac induction in hPSCs under defined, growth factor-free conditions. shRNA knockdown of β-catenin during the initial stage of hPSC differentiation fully blocked cardiomyocyte specification, whereas glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibition at this point enhanced cardiomyocyte generation. Furthermore, sequential treatment of hPSCs with glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors followed by inducible expression of β-catenin shRNA or chemical inhibitors of Wnt signaling produced a high yield of virtually (up to 98%) pure functional human cardiomyocytes from multiple hPSC lines. The robust ability to generate functional cardiomyocytes under defined, growth factor-free conditions solely by genetic or chemically mediated manipulation of a single developmental pathway should facilitate scalable production of cardiac cells suitable for research and regenerative applications.
Comparison of the centering ability of Wave·One and Reciproc nickel-titanium instruments in simulated curved canals

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the shaping ability of newly marketed single-file instruments, Wave·One (Dentsply-Maillefer) and Reciproc (VDW GmbH), in terms of maintaining the original root canal configuration and curvature, with or without a glide-path. Materials and Methods According to the instruments used, the blocks were divided into 4 groups (n = 10): Group 1, no glide-path / Wave·One; Group 2, no glide-path / Reciproc; Group 3, #15 K-file / Wave·One; Group 4, #15 K-file / Reciproc. Pre- and post-instrumented images were scanned and the canal deviation was assessed. The cyclic fatigue stress was loaded to examine the cross-sectional shape of the fractured surface. The broken fragments were evaluated under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) for topographic features of the cross-section. Statistically analysis of the data was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results The ability of instruments to remain centered in prepared canals at 1 and 2 mm levels was significantly lower in Group 1 (p < 0.05). The centering ratio at 3, 5, and 7 mm level were not significantly different. Conclusions The Wave·One file should be used following establishment of a glide-path larger than #15.
Contemplating Navel : Improving Software Error Reporting by Classifying Program Behavior

End-user software problems take too much time to resolve, in part due to unclear or ambiguous error messages. The quality of error messages embedded within software is unlikely to improve given the variety of contexts in which errors can occur, the programming complexity of sophisticated error reporting, and the modular structure of modern applications. While vendors supply documents, help systems and websites to support end users, it is still difficult for users to figure out how to resolve their problems. Navel improves error reporting by monitoring software execution and determining if a particular execution is an instance of a known error. As a program executes, Navel builds a compact abstraction of the program’s behavior (a behavior profile) using control flow information. Navel classifies behavior profiles using a machine learning model trained on known errors by vendors, support organizations or other users, enabling them to better disseminate error workarounds by matching user behavior profiles with known problems. Navel provides a way for an average user to get solutions to software problems with less effort. A prototype implementation, Skepsis, demonstrates the efficacy of the Navel approach. Skepsis collects three behavior profiles based on program control flow: function counting, path profiling, and a new technique, call-tree profiling. We evaluate Skepsis on confusing error messages currently emitted by large, mature programs including thegcc compiler and Microsoft’s Visual FoxPro database. Using call-tree profiling, Skepsis achieves an average classification accuracy of 97% across a range of nine benchmarks on two operating systems, while function counting and path profiling achieve average classification accuracies of 92% and 94% respectively.
Inequality of what? Social exclusion in the e-society as capability deprivation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to engage with the debate on social exclusion in the e‐society from the human development perspective, which goes beyond inequality in distribution of technological goods and services to emphasise the options, choice and opportunities related to accessing and using information.Design/methodology/approach – This is an interpretivist study. It draws on Sen's capability approach (CA) to conceptualise social exclusion in the e‐society as capability deprivation, both in well‐being and agency freedom. A framework of the core aspects of the CA is used to analyse two empirical studies in South Africa and China which serve to illustrate social exclusion manifested as capability deprivation in different “spaces”. Findings – The paper demonstrates the relational features of social exclusion and different types of capability deprivation in e‐society; highlights “unfavourable inclusion” which can be masked by technological diffusion.Research limitations/implications – This paper i.