Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scaling Global Warming Impacts on Ocean Ecosystems: Lessons From a Suite of Earth System Models

An important technique used by climate modelers to isolate the impacts of increasing greenhouse gasses on Earth System processes is to simulate the impact of an abrupt increase in carbon dioxide. The spatial pattern of change provides a “fingerprint” that is generally much larger than natural variability. Insofar as the response to radiative forcing is linear (the impact of quadrupling CO2 is twice the impact of doubling CO2) this fingerprint can then be used to estimate the impact of historical greenhouse gas forcing. However, the degree to which biogeochemical cycles respond linearly to radiative forcing has rarely been tested. In this paper, we evaluate which ocean biogeochemical fields are likely to respond linearly to changing radiative forcing, which ones do not, and where linearity breaks down. We also demonstrate that the representation of lateral mixing by mesoscale eddies, which varies significantly across climate models, plays an important role in modulating the breakdown of linearity. Globally integrated surface rates of biogeochemical cycling (primary productivity, particulate export) respond in a relatively linear fashion and are only moderately sensitive to mixing. By contrast, the habitability of the interior ocean (as determined by hypoxia and calcite supersaturation) behaves non-linearly and is very sensitive to mixing. This is because the deep ocean, as well as certain regions in the surface ocean, are very sensitive to the magnitude of deep wintertime convection. The cessation of convection under global warming is strongly modulated by the representation of eddy mixing.
Activation of acid-sensing ion channel 3 by lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0 mediates psychological stress-induced fibromyalgia-like pain

Objectives Fibromyalgia is commonly considered a stress-related chronic pain disorder, and daily stressors are known triggers. However, the relation between stress and pain development remains poorly defined by clinical approaches. Also, the aetiology remains largely unknown. Methods We used a newly developed mouse model and lipidomic approaches to probe the causation and explore the biological plausibility for how perceived stress translates into chronic non-inflammatory pain. Clinical and lipidomic investigations of fibromyalgia were conducted for human validation. Results Using non-painful sound stimuli as psychological stressors, we demonstrated that mice developed long-lasting non-inflammatory hyperalgesia after repeated and intermittent sound stress exposure. Elevated serum malondialdehyde level in stressed mice indicated excessive oxidative stress and lipid oxidative damage. Lipidomics revealed upregulation of lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0 (LPC16:0), a product of lipid oxidisation, in stressed mice. Intramuscular LPC16:0 injection triggered nociceptive responses and a hyperalgesic priming-like effect that caused long-lasting hypersensitivity. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of acid-sensing ion channel 3 impeded the development of LPC16:0-induced chronic hyperalgesia. Darapladib and antioxidants could effectively alleviate the stress-induced hyperalgesia by inhibiting LPC16:0 synthesis. Clinical investigations showed that excessive oxidative stress and LPC16:0 expression also exist in patients with fibromyalgia. Moreover, LPC16:0 expression was correlated with pain symptoms in patients with high oxidative stress and disease severity. Conclusions Our study provides experimental evidence for the causal effect of psychological stressors on chronic pain development. The findings identify a possible pathophysiological mechanism of stress-induced chronic non-inflammatory pain at molecular, behavioural and clinical levels that might indicate a new therapeutic approach for fibromyalgia.
In situ and Ex situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of Microalgae and Integration With Pyrolytic Fractionation

Microalgae are attractive feedstocks for biofuel production and are especially suitable for thermochemical conversion due to the presence of thermally labile constituents—lipids, starch and protein. However, the thermal degradation of starch and proteins produces water as well as other O- and N-compounds that are mixed-in with energy-dense lipid pyrolysis products. To produce hydrocarbon-rich products from microalgae biomass, we assessed in situ and ex situ catalytic pyrolysis of a lipid-rich Chlorella sp. in the presence of the HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst over a temperature range of 450–550°C. Results show that product yields and compositions were similar under both in situ and ex situ conditions with benzene, toluene and xylene produced as the primary aromatic products. Yields of aromatics increased with increasing temperature and the highest aromatic yield (36.4% g aromatics/g ash-free microalgae) and selectivity (87% g aromatics/g bio-oil) was obtained at 550°C. Also, at this temperature, oxygenates and nitrogenous compounds were not detected among the liquid products during ex situ catalytic pyrolysis. We also assessed the feasibility of a two-step fractional pyrolysis approach integrated with vapor phase catalytic upgrading. In these experiments, the biomass was first pyrolyzed at 320°C to degrade and volatilize starch, protein and free fatty acids. Then, the residual biomass was pyrolyzed again at 450°C to recover products from triglyceride decomposition. The volatiles from each fraction were passed through an ex situ catalyst bed. Results showed that net product yields from the 2-step process were similar to the single step ex situ catalytic pyrolysis at 450°C indicating that tailored vapor phase upgrading can be applied to allow separate recovery of products from the chemically distinct biomass components—(1) lower calorific value starch and proteins and (2) energy-dense lipids.
Experimental infection of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and its treatment with carvacrol and cymene mixture

The pathogenecity of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida was studied in healthy Oreochromis niloticus. Inoculum at concentration of 1.5×108 CFU/ml and 3×108 CFU/ml was injected into healthy fish through intramuscular and intraperitoneal injections. Experimentally infected Oreochromis niloticus showed ulceration at the dorsal musculature and trunk region in addition to black coloration, congested gills, exophthalmia, and ocular hemorrhage. Congested liver and kidney were recorded in post-mortem examination. Mortality of the experimentally infected Oreochromis niloticus reached 100% after intramuscular injection at concentration of 3×108 CFU/ml. Histopathological investigation of infected organs was also performed. There was a focal area of bundles of skeletal musculature showing hyalinization. In addition, hyperplasia, congestion, and fusion were noticed in the gill lamellae. There was also congestion in the blood vessels in the ocular chamber. Severe congestion was also noticed in the central vein of liver associated with focal aggregation of the melanin pigmented cells in the parenchyma. Degenerative changes were noticed in the epithelial cells lining of kidney tubules. Plant extracts carvacrol and its biological precursor cymene were found to be effective in treating experimentally infected Oreochromis niloticus at concentration of 100 or 200 ppm.
New Results on the Disturbance Decoupling of Boolean Control Networks

This letter investigates the disturbance decoupling problem (DDP) for Boolean control networks (BCNs), and proposes some new perspectives on the solvability of DDP. The DDP of BCNs is generalized in the sense that the output-friendly subspace is a subset of the invariant subspace, based on which, a new criterion is presented to design state feedback DDP controllers for a given output-friendly coordinate frame. The study of an illustrative example shows that additional state feedback DDP controllers can be obtained with respect to those that can be obtained with the method proposed in the existing literature.
Empirical Analysis of 1-edit Degree Patches in Syntax-Based Automatic Program Repair

In this paper, software patches modifying a single line (aka 1-edit degree patches) of buggy Java open-source projects have been generated automatically using computational search and experimentally evaluated. We carried out the presumably largest to date experiment related to 1-edit degree patches, consisting of almost 27,000 computational jobs upper bounded with 107,000 computational hours. Our experiments show the benefits and drawbacks of such kind of patches. In particular, the search space size has been shown to be reduced by several orders of magnitude. The volume of tests that can be filtered out without any negative impact while generating 1-edit degree patches has been increased by about 97%. Finally, the effectiveness of finding 1-edit plausible patches is compared with multi-line plausible patches found with state-of-the-art syntax-based Automatic Program Repair tools. It is shown that despite patching fewer bugs in total, 1-edit degree patches have potential to patch some extra bugs
MFEA-IG: A Multi-Task Algorithm for Mobile Agents Path Planning

Mobile agent path planning (MAPP) problem is a typical optimization problem. When we consider multiple agents path planning simultaneously, problems can be seen as multi-task optimization (MTO) problems. The Multi-factorial evolutionary algorithm (MFEA) is one promising technique for MTO problems. Within the MFEA some selective individuals that contain useful knowledge are transferred among independent tasks to enhance the convergence. In this work, we investigate what information, except to the selective individuals, should be transferred under the framework of the MFEA. In particular, the difference between the individuals and the estimated optimal solution of the corresponding task is used to calculate ${individua}l_{-}{gradient}$ (IG), which is introduced into the MFEA as additional knowledge for transferring. Empirical studies on nine benchmarks validate the effectiveness of IG based MFEA (MFEA-IG). Moreover, we apply the MFEA-IG to MAPP problems. Simulation results show that the MFEA-IG outperforms the original MFEA and single task EA.
Analytic Continued Fractions for Regression: Results on 352 datasets from the physical sciences

We report on the results of a new memetic algorithm that employs analytic continued fractions as the basic representation of mathematical functions used for regression problems. We study the performance of our method in comparison with other ten machine learning approaches provided by the scikit-learn software collection. We used 352 datasets collected by Schaffer, which originated from real experiments in the physical sciences at the turn of the 20th century for which measurements were tabulated, and a governing functional relationship was postulated. Using leave-one-out cross-validation, in training our method ranks first in 350 out of the 352 datasets. Only six machine learning algorithms ranked first in at least one of the 352 datasets on testing; our approach ranked first 192 times, i.e. more all of the other algorithms combined. The results favourably speak about the robustness of our methodology. We conclude that the use of analytic continued fractions in regression deserves further study and we also advocate that Schaffer’s data collection should also be included in the repertoire of datasets to test the performance of machine learning and regression algorithms.
Ensemble squid habitat model using three-dimensional ocean data

Irene D. Alabia1*, Sei-Ichi Saitoh1,2, Hiromichi Igarashi3, Yoichi Ishikawa3, Norihisa Usui4, Masafumi Kamachi4, Toshiyuki Awaji5, and Masaki Seito6 Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, N21 W11 Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan Laboratory of Marine Environment and Resource Sensing, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan Data Research Center for Marine-Earth Sciences, Japan Agency for Marine Earth-Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 3173-25 Showamachi, Kanazawa-ward Yokohama City, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan Oceanographic Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba 305-0052, Japan Graduate School of Science Division of Earth and Planetary Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ward, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, 4-11-6 Dainitonya-machi, Aomori-shi, Aomori 030-0113, Japan
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Amplification of DNA of Red Sea Bream Iridovirus (RSIV)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify DNA of the red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV). Four oligonucleotide primer sets based on the ATPase gene, DNA polymerase gene, and a Pst I-restriction fragment of RSIV genomic DNA were synthesized. PCR products of the expected size were amplified with each primer set after 30 cycles using template DNA which was extracted from the supernatant of tissue-cultured GF cells infected with RSIV. These amplified products were shown to be specific for the genomic DNA of RSIV by Southern blot hybridization. In addition, PCR products were obtained from the DNAs of the spleen and blood of red sea bream, Pagrus major, artificially infected with RSIV. Furthermore, the PCR products were detected from the tissues of cultured marine fish naturally infected with RSIV and from the supernatant of tissue-cultured GF cells infected with RSIV isolated from cultured marine fish. However, PCR products were not obtained at 3 months post-challenge from the spleens of red sea bream infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of RSIV. None of the PCR products were obtained from the supernatant of tissue-cultured FHM cells infected with frog virus 3 or from the lymphocystis tissue of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, infected with fish lymphocystis disease virus.
Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection Via Dual Collaborative Representation

Window-based operation is a general technique for hyperspectral anomaly detection. However, the problem remains that background knowledge containing abnormal information often affects the attributes of test pixels. In this article, a dual collaborative representation (DCR)-based hyperspectral anomaly detection method is proposed to solve the above problem effectively, which consists of the following main steps. First, low-rank and sparse matrix decomposition is employed to obtain a low-rank background matrix. Then, the density peak clustering algorithm is applied to the low-rank background matrix to calculate the density information of the pixels in a sliding dual window. Specifically, pixels with the highest density are selected as the pure background pixel set to approximately represent the test pixels in this work. Next, the test pixels are approximated by the linear combination of pixels in the inner window. Finally, a decision function based on the residuals of this dual-stage collaborative representation is utilized to detect abnormal pixels. Experimental results on several hyperspectral datasets demonstrate that the proposed DCR method can both improve the separability between abnormal pixels and their corresponding background and show better detection performance with respect to state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods in terms of detection accuracy.
A Machine Learning Approach for NILM based on Superimposed Current Profiles

This research focuses on identifying a new implementation of a machine learning approach for Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM). We mathematically superimpose current profiles of individual appliances and compare against the actual combinational current profiles. This simple yet effective method is tested on combinations of 6 household devices in a typical low voltage residential installation and the high accuracy of correct identification confirms the proposed method is feasible. The proposed method eases the burden of the training phase which is considered as an inherent limitation of all supervised deep learning NILM models. We deploy the method on a Raspberry Pi 3 providing a solution to increase the scalability of NILM
Long-term effects of brood size manipulation on morphological development and sex-specific mortality of offspring

1. Little is known about long-term effects of brood size on fitness components of offspring. This is unfortunate because such information is needed to predict optimal brood size. Furthermore, ontogenetic circumstances are potentially important in explaining the large individual differences in lifetime reproductive success documented in many species. 2. In a laboratory study the long-term effect of brood size manipulation on mortality and morphological development of offspring was investigated. Young zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata were reared in small or large broods. Young were exchanged in such a way that natural siblings from different rearing conditions could be compared. 3. Manipulated brood size affected offspring morphology permanently (measurements were taken up to the age of 12 months). Individuals reared in small broods were heavier, had longer tarsi and wings, higher beaks, were in better condition, and males had redder beaks. The experiment did not affect beak length or female beak redness. Individuals from large broods had caught up on wing length and males from large broods on beak redness by 6 months of age, which may reflect priority of investment in traits important to fitness. 4. Mortality of offspring raised in large broods was higher both before and after independence. After independence the effect of manipulated brood size on mortality was sex specific; females were most likely to die. This suggests that the optimal sex ratio of offspring may depend on brood size. 5. The effect of brood size on mortality after independence was probably partly mediated by size and condition during the nestling phase and possibly by peer aggression among adult offspring. Sex-linked mortality could not be explained by a sex difference in morphological development. Why females are more vulnerable remains to be discovered.
Short-Term Reproducibility of Masked Hypertension Among Adults Without Office Hypertension

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association blood pressure (BP) Hypertension Clinical Practice Guidelines recommends ambulatory BP monitoring to detect masked hypertension. Data on the short-term reproducibility of masked hypertension are scarce. The IDH study (Improving the Detection of Hypertension) enrolled 408 adults not taking antihypertensive medication from 2011 to 2013. Office BP and 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring were performed on 2 occasions, a median of 29 days apart. After excluding participants with office hypertension (mean systolic BP ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥80 mm Hg), the analytical sample included 254 participants. Using the κ statistic, we evaluated the reproducibility of masked awake hypertension (awake systolic/diastolic BP ≥130/80 mm Hg) defined by the 2017 BP guideline thresholds, as well as masked 24-hour (24-hour systolic/diastolic BP ≥125/75 mm Hg), masked asleep (asleep systolic/diastolic BP ≥110/65 mm Hg), and any masked hypertension (high awake, 24-hour, and asleep BP). The mean (SD) age of participants was 38.0 (12.3) years and 65.7% were female. Based on the first and second ambulatory BP recordings, 24.0% and 26.4% of participants, respectively, had masked awake hypertension. The κ statistic (95% CI) was 0.50 (0.38–0.62) for masked awake, 0.57 (0.46–0.69) for masked 24-hour, 0.57 (0.47–0.68) for masked asleep, and 0.58 (0.47–0.68) for any masked hypertension. Clinicians should consider the moderate short-term reproducibility of masked hypertension when interpreting the results from a single ambulatory BP recording.
Overall Optimization of Smart City by Multi-population Global-best Brain Storm Optimization using Cooperative Coevolution

This paper proposes a method for the overall optimization of smart city (SC). The proposed method is based on multi-population global-best brain storm optimization using cooperative coevolution (MP-CCGBSO). Using a SC model, energy cost, actual power loads during peak periods, and carbon dioxide emission can be minimized. For the SC problem, many researchers have proposed various evolutionary algorithms including CCGBSO, which applied cooperative coevolution to GBSO. However, there is still room to improve quality of the solution by CCGBSO. Taking Toyama city of Japan as the research object, the calculation results of original CCGBSO method and the proposed MP-CCGBSO method of 2, 4, 8 and 16 populations are compared.
Evolutionary Graph Compression and Diffusion Methods for City Discovery in Role Playing Games

Cities, while exciting in their visualization and permitting several layouts, do not take into account the placement of crucial characters which might be part of the narrative. Narrative graphs, a connected graph of all potential and existing relations within a game, can enable an ability to find a Nonplayer Character (NPC) who is likely to live nearby, under the assumption that those who interact most frequently are also close in distance. We examine the use of an evolutionary graph compression method and a method using simulated diffusion to cluster features based on relational information about players to generate relationally intimate groups. This clustering can be used to generate information about the game world and cities to inform PCG as to how the connectivity of these areas is, and should be, arranged. The algorithms are validated as being human competitive.
Insect Abundances on Tomatoes and Squash Mulched with Aluminum and Plastic Sheetings

Aluminum foil, laminated plasticized aluminum, laminated paper-backed aluminum, black plastic and white plastic sheeting materials 30-36 inches wide were used as mulches for squash and all but white plastic were used for growing tomato plants. Yellow-pan aphid traps caught more green peach aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and other species of aphids in the check plots than in those with aluminum foil or paper-backed aluminum mulches. Significantly more mines of a serpentine leaf miner, Liriomyza sp. , were present in the leaves of unprotected tomato and squash plants than in those protected by aluminum-foil mulch. Significantly more honey bees, Apismellifera L. , visited squash plants protected with plasticized aluminum and paper-backed aluminum than visited untreated plants and plants protected with black plastic and aluminum scrap mulches and vertical aluminum strips. More squash fruits were injured by pickleworms, Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll), in plots protected by aluminum-foil mulch than in those protected by white plastic mulch and vertical strips of aluminum.
Semantic-Aware Makeup Cleanser

Face verification aims at determining whether a pair of face images belongs to the same identity. Recent studies have revealed the negative impact of facial makeup on the verification performance. With the rapid development of deep generative models, this paper proposes a semantic-aware makeup cleanser (SAMC) to remove facial makeup under different poses and expressions and achieve verification via generation. The intuition lies in the fact that makeup is a combined effect of multiple cosmetics and tailored treatments should be imposed on different cosmetic regions. To this end, we present both unsupervised and supervised semantic-aware learning strategies in SAMC. At image level, an unsupervised attention module is jointly learned with the generator to locate cosmetic regions and estimate the degree. At feature level, we resort to the effort of face parsing merely in training phase and design a localized texture loss to serve complements and pursue superior synthetic quality. The experimental results on four makeup-related datasets verify that SAMC not only produces appealing de-makeup outputs at a resolution of 256 × 256, but also facilitates makeup-invariant face verification through image generation.