Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corporate Social Responsibility Activity Combinations for Sustainability: A Fuzzy Set Analysis of Korean Firms

We examine how combinations of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities yield high performance in Korean companies by addressing two related questions to expand our limited knowledge. First, what combinations of CSR activities yield high performance? Second, how do CSR activities form an interdependent system based on different corporate contexts? We draw the 2012–2018 data from the Korean Economic Justice Institute index for a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. The results reveal several effective CSR activity factor combinations under the given strategies and management environments. Companies with a high performance exhibit complementarity between social contribution, environmental management, fairness, and employee satisfaction. By contrast, companies with a low corporate performance show no complementarity between relatively unrelated activity factors. For companies with a low financial performance from CSR activities, most of the causal pathways focus only on activities at the primary stakeholder level, with weak diversity of CSR activities’ combinations at the primary and secondary stakeholder levels. These results indicate not only the appropriateness of CSR activity factor combinations for companies’ strategy and management environment contexts, but also their effectiveness, and are expected to provide companies with significant implications for CSR activities.
A CASE STUDY IN NUDGING AS A METHOD

In 2004 more than 600,000 deaths worldwide were attributable to second-hand smoke amounting to 1% of the worldwide mortality [1]. Against this background, Denmark like many other countries around the world, banned indoor smoking back in 2007 from workplaces, restaurants, and other contexts potentially exposing non-smokers to second-hand smoke. While the law has been a huge success in changing smokers’ behaviour patterns, it has also created the well-known phenomenon of smokers piling up just outside the doors of public buildings, pubs, and offices. Though more considerate than smoking indoors, smokers just outside doors impose a health-related risk for those working next to and above door areas. This is especially true since modern ventilation systems in sustainable buildings often integrates natural ventilation from revolving doors, windows and other features of the architecture. Also, a crowd of people smoking just outside the doors might not be the “first impression” any company or organisation would like to give. With modern ventilation systems and more than 26 million travellers a year, of which 25% being smokers, Copenhagen Airports has seen its fair share of this problem. To solve it the airport initially established strict non-smoking zones just outside the doors and other areas with high passenger flows or ventilation intake. Yet, to the despair of the airport officials, smokers didn’t seem to care much about the proscription to light up their cigarettes in these zones. Not wanting to escalate into issuing fines to their customers, the Airport teamed up with iNudgeyou hoping to nudge a reduction in health risks from air pollution inside Airport terminals coming from second-hand smoking outside the doors as well as organise smoking behaviour a bit more convenient for all parties. To this end, we applied the BASIC© framework developed by iNudgeyou to work diagnostically with behavioural interventions. By “diagnostically” is meant that the framework allows one to systematically develop nudges as well as other behavioural interventions, based on an empirically NUDGING SMOKE IN AIRPORTS
The Optimization of Gel Preparations Using the Active Compounds of Arabica Coffee Ground Nanoparticles

Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) ground nanoparticles contain phenolics compounds that have anti-inflammatory effects, so they can be used as sources of active compounds in anti-inflammatory gel preparations. This study aims to determine the optimum formulation of anti-inflammatory gel preparations using Arabica coffee ground nanoparticles as active compounds. Treatment optimization was performed using a Response Surface Methodology according to the Box-Behnken Design with a quadratic model in the Design Expert Version 10.0. 3.0 software. In this study we used three factors (x): carbopol 940, triethanolamine (TEA), and nanoparticles, each of which consists of three levels, the response (y) observed including the acidity degree (pH), spreadability, viscosity and total phenolic content. ANOVA analysis results show that the quadratic model is very appropriate since it produces a high R2 value and a low PRESS value for all responses, as well as significant p-values ( 5%). The optimum formulations for the gel preparations of the Arabica coffee ground nanoparticles obtained in this study are carbopol 940 (0.569%), TEA (0.468%), and nanoparticles (3.000%), which have values w/o an interval (0.994) and a desirable (0.981) response to acidity (5.212), spreadability (5.850 cm), viscosity (3734.244 cps) and total phenolic content (669.227 µgGAE/g).
District Effect Appraisal in East Sub-Saharan Africa: Combating Childhood Anaemia

Background Anaemia in children is a significant health problem that receives little attention. This study aimed at determining the factors significantly associated with anaemia in children aged 6 to 59 months in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda while accounting for the spatial heterogeneity within and between the districts of the four countries. In addition, the performance of the districts with regard to their impact on anaemia was assessed and ranked. Methods A generalised additive mixed model with a spatial effect based on the geographical coordinates of the clusters was used. A district-level random effect was included to further account for the heterogeneity as well as to rank the performance of the districts based on the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). Results The results depicted significant spatial heterogeneity between and within the districts of the countries. After accounting for such spatial heterogeneity, child-level characteristics (gender, malaria test result, and mother's highest education level), household-level characteristics (household size, household's wealth index Z-score, the type of toilet facility available, and the type of place of residence), and the country of residence were found to be significantly associated with the child's anaemia status. There was a significant interaction between the type of place of residence and the country of residence. Based on the BLUP for the district-level random effect, the top 3 best- and worst-performing districts within each country were identified. Conclusion The ranking of the performance of the districts allows for the worst-performing districts to be targeted for further research in order to improve their anaemia control strategies, as well as for the best-performing districts to be identified to further determine why they are performing better and then to use these districts as role models in efforts to overcome childhood anaemia.
Learning German as a Foreign Language: An Empirical Investigation of Motivation Based on Self-Determination Theory

The role of motivation in L2 learning is widely acknowledged. Hence, motivation in foreign language learning has become a focus of interest of several researches and various motivation theories have been provided. One of the leading theories within the category of the cognitive approaches in motivation is the self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Dörnyei, 2003; Noels et al., 2003). Starting from this point, the present study explored the motivation of Greek learners of German as a foreign language in the light of self-determination theory. 152 students of the School of German Language and Literature of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki participated in the questionnaire study. Its research tool was based on previous similar investigations in international settings (Noels et al., 2003). The study explored aspects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, as well as amotivation and basic orientations in language learning. Perceived competence and anxiety were also investigated. Exploratory factor analysis of the items of the questionnaire and correlations among the motivational subscales were carried out in order to examine various parameters of self-determination in the Greek context of foreign language learning.
Clinical Trials with Herbal Products for the Prevention of Dental Caries and Their Quality: A Scoping Study

It is currently recognized that an injudicious strategy about caries in the last decades has been not only focusing of research mostly in children, but also the narrow focusing on fluoride, because despite sufficient availability of fluoride in water and oral healthcare products, caries levels escalate steadily as people get older and caries remain a main public health issue to be settled. In the last two decades the scientific community intensified efforts of exploring other products for caries prevention, herbal products being one of these approaches. Preliminary evidence indicated that clinical trials for caries prevention with herbal products are heterogeneous in design, quality and products evaluated, we therefore performed a scoping review intended to explore the main characteristics of such clinical trials. From an initial collection of 1986 unique papers from different literature databases, 56 articles satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The species investigated, dosage forms, study designs, duration of intervention, controls, endpoints, quality of reporting, and risk of bias are discussed. Of the trials reviewed here, 85.71% reported positive results but given the methodological flaws and biases affecting them, it is difficult to conclude on the efficacy of those products based on the studies published thus far.
Human Milk’s Hidden Gift: Implications of the Milk Microbiome for Preterm Infants’ Health

Breastfeeding is considered the gold standard for infants’ nutrition, as mother’s own milk (MOM) provides nutritional and bioactive factors functional to optimal development. Early life microbiome is one of the main contributors to short and long-term infant health status, with the gut microbiota (GM) being the most studied ecosystem. Some human milk (HM) bioactive factors, such as HM prebiotic carbohydrates that select for beneficial bacteria, and the specific human milk microbiota (HMM) are emerging as early mediators in the relationship between the development of GM in early life and clinical outcomes. The beneficial role of HM becomes even more crucial for preterm infants, who are exposed to significant risks of severe infection in early life as well as to adverse short and long-term outcomes. When MOM is unavailable or insufficient, donor human milk (DHM) constitutes the optimal nutritional choice. However, little is known about the specific effect of DHM on preterm GM and its potential functional implication on HMM. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize recent findings on HMM origin and composition and discuss the role of HMM on infant health and development, with a specific focus on preterm infants.
STUDENTS’ REASONING ABOUT ASSOCIATION OF CATEGORICAL VARIABLES

Statistical association is an important concept in statistics. An exploratory study examined how students reason about statistical association of categorical variables using both numerical and graphical representations. Task-based interviews were conducted with thirteen students ages 11 to 13 prior to formal instruction. When prompted to make a graph to display the conclusions they reached numerically, successful students made side-by-side pie charts or segmented bar graphs, but most students were unable to produce a meaningful graph to compare the variables. When later asked to interpret previously constructed graphs, they were most successful with segmented bar graphs and least successful with eikosograms. When students failed to interpret the graph correctly, they often interpreted the percentages with incorrect referents. These results have curricular and software implications.
Pro-inflammatory activity of Astronium fraxinifolium Schott on Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells

Milena Aguiar Braga1, Raphael de Oliveira Rodrigues1*, Juliana Navarro Ueda Yaochite1, Greyce Luri Sasahara1, Ana Flavia Seraine Custodio Viana2, Paulo Iury Gomes Nunes2, Karina Moura Melo2, Flavia Almeida Santos2, Maria Jania Teixeira3, Joao Tavares Calixto Junior4, Ana Livya Moreira Rodrigues5, Selene Maia de Morais5, Aparecida Tiemi Nagao-Dias1 1Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Ceara (UFC), 60430-370 Fortaleza, Brazil. 2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceara (UFC), 60430-270 Fortaleza, Brazil. 3Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceara (UFC), 60430-350 Fortaleza, Brazil. 4Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), 63105-000 Crato, Brazil. 5Laboratory of Natural Products, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Science and Technology Center, Itaperi, 60714903 Fortaleza, Brazil.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON LOGISTICS SERVICE PROVIDERS' INTENTION TO ADOPT GREEN INNOVATIONS

This study examines six factors that will influence the intention to adopt green innovations for logistics service providers. The determinant factors include technological, organizational and environmental dimensions. The data came from the questionnaire survey on logistics companies in Taiwan, and 162 samples were analyzed. According to the survey results, all the factors have positive influences on the intention to adopt green practices. Explicitness and accumulation of green practices, organizational encouragement, quality of human resources, environmental uncertainty and governmental supports exhibit significant influences on the willingness to adopt green practices.
Strategic Liquidity Mismatch and Financial Sector Stability

This paper examines whether banks strategically incorporate their competitors’ liquidity mismatch policies when determining their own and the impact of these collective decisions on financial stability. Using a novel identification strategy exploiting the presence of partially overlapping peer groups, I show that banks’ liquidity transformation activity is driven by that of their peers. These correlated decisions are concentrated on the asset side of riskier banks and are asymmetric, with mimicking occurring only when competitors take more risk. Accordingly, this strategic behavior increases banks’ default risk and overall systemic risk, highlighting the importance of regulating liquidity risk from a macroprudential perspective. ReceivedMay 4, 2016; editorial decision January 1, 2019 by Editor Philip Strahan. Author has furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Analysis of Integrin α6β4 Function in Breast Carcinoma: A Dissertation

The development and survival of multicellular organisms depends upon the ability of cells to move. Embryogenesis, immune surveillance, wound healing, and metastatic disease are all processes that necessitate effective cellular locomotion. Central to the process of cell motility is the family of integrins, transmembrane cell surface receptors that mediate stable adhesions between cells and their extracellular environment. Many human diseases are associated with aberrant integrin function. Carcinoma cells in particular can hijack integrins, harnessing their mechanical and signaling potential to propagate cell invasion and metastatic disease, one example being integrin α6β4. This integrin, often referred to simply as β4, is defined as an adhesion receptor for the laminin family of extracellular matrix proteins. The role of integrin β4 in potentiating carcinoma invasion is well established, during which it serves both a mechanical and signaling function. miRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally, and data describing the role of extracellular stimuli in governing their expression patterns are sparse. This observation coupled to the increasingly significant role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis prompted us to examine their function as downstream effectors of β4, an integrin closely linked to aggressive disease in breast carcinoma. The work presented in this dissertation documents the first example that integrin expression correlates with specific miRNA patterns. Moreover, integrin β4 status in vitro and in vivo is associated with decreased expression of distinct miRNA families in breast cancer, namely miR-25/32/92abc/363/363-3p/367 and miR-99ab/100, with purported roles in cell motility. Another miRNA, miR-29a, is significantly downregulated in response to de novo expression of β4 in a breast carcinoma cell line, and β4-mediated repression of the miRNA is required for invasion. Another major conclusion of this study is that β4 integrin expression and ligation can regulate the expression of SPARC in breast carcinoma cells. These data reveal distinct mechanisms by which β4 promotes SPARC expression, involving both a miR-29a-mediated process and a TOR-dependent translational mechanism. Our observations establish a link between miRNA expression patterns and cell motility downstream of β4 in the context of breast cancer, and uncover a novel effector of β4-mediated invasion.
Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale: psychometrics evidences in the Brazilian northeast Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults: evidencias psicométricas en el noreste de Brasil Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults: evidências psicométricas no nordeste brasileiro

The research aimed to adapt the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA) to Brazil, gathering evidence of validity and accuracy. Two studies were carried out: in Study 1, 319 university students (Mage = 24.36) answered the SELSA and demographic questions. The exploratory factor analysis results indicated a three-factor structure (Family, Romantic and Social), explaining 70.38% of the total variance, with a Cronbach's alpha (α) ranging from . 84 to . 92; in Study 2, with 200 university students (Mage = 25.35) who answered the same instruments of the previous study. Confirmatory factorial analysis indicated adequate indicators (CFI = 0.98, TLI = .98, RMSEA = .07, Pclose = .06). Reliability was satisfactory (.77 to .93). It is concluded that the instrument presented good psychometric parameters, being an alternative tool for researchers investigating loneliness and its correlates, proposing new studies with a more representative sample.
NOVEL FINITE DIFFERENCE SCHEME FOR THE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL INCOMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS

In the present article, a new methodology has been developed to solve two-dimensional (2D) Navier-Stokes equations (NSEs) in new form proposed by Pukhnachev (J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys., 45:2 (2004), 167–171) who introduces a new unknown function that is related to the pressure and the stream function. The important distinguish of this formulation from vorticitystream function form of NSEs is that stream function satisfies to the transport equation and the new unknown function satisfies to the elliptic equation. The scheme and algorithm treat the equations as a coupled system which allows one to satisfy two conditions for stream function with no condition on the new function. The numerical algorithm is applied to the lid-driven cavity flow as the benchmark problem. The characteristics of this flow are adequately represented by the new numerical model.
Statistical Methodology in Single-Molecule Experiments

Toward the last quarter of the 20th century, the emergence of single-molecule experiments enabled scientists to track and study individual molecules’ dynamic properties in real time. Unlike macroscopic systems’ dynamics, those of single molecules can only be properly described by stochastic models even in the absence of external noise. Consequently, statistical methods have played a key role in extracting hidden information about molecular dynamics from data obtained through single-molecule experiments. In this article, we survey the major statistical methodologies used to analyze single-molecule experimental data. Our discussion is organized according to the types of stochastic models used to describe single-molecule systems as well as major experimental data collection techniques. We also highlight challenges and future directions in the application of statistical methodologies to single-molecule experiments.
OPEN SETS OF EXPONENTIALLY MIXING

We prove that an Anosov flow with C stable bundle mixes exponentially whenever the stable and unstable bundles are not jointly integrable. This allows us to show that if a flow is sufficiently close to a volume-preserving Anosov flow and dimEs = 1, dimEu ≥ 2 then the flow mixes exponentially whenever the stable and unstable bundles are not jointly integrable. This implies the existence of non-empty open sets of exponentially mixing Anosov flows. As part of the proof of this result we show that C uniformly-expanding suspension semiflows (in any dimension) mix exponentially when the return time in not cohomologous to a piecewise constant.
Preliminary evaluation of hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Prosopis ruscifolia Griseb. leaves extract in mice

Liver and kidney are vital organs for body homeostasis and are exposed to damage or injury of various origins. Many medicinal plants have proved to be effective for hepatic and renal diseases. This study aimed to test the effect of Prosopis ruscifolia Griseb. leaves extract on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. The experiment was carried out in mice, 300 mg/kg of acetaminophen, i.p., and 135 mg/kg of gentamicin were used to induce liver and kidney damage, respectively. Silymarin was used as protective control drug. For estimating the liver function, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST or GOT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT or GPT) were measured; and creatinine, urea, and uric acid were determined in order to verify kidney functionality. The results showed that the extract has both hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effect. This is evidenced by reduced values of the level of GOT, GPT, and ALP, in mice co-administered, p.o. , with P. ruscifolia; and by the reduction of serum creatinine in mice with gentamicin induced kidney damage. These values showed statistically significant difference when compared with those of pathological group. The alcoholic extract of P. ruscifolia denoted hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects.
A UNIFORM NUMERICAL METHOD FOR A BOUNDARY-SHOCK PROBLEM

A singularly perturbed quasilinear boundary-value problem is considered in the case when its solution has a boundary shock. The problem is discretized by an upwind finite-difference scheme on a mesh of Shishkin type. It is proved that this numerical method has pointwise accuracy of almost first order, which is uniform in the perturbation parameter.
Experimental Assessment of Single and Cumulative Impact Damage in Carbon Fiber Polymer Matrix Composites Using Electrical Resistance Measurements

In this work the impact damage sensing capabilities in AS4/3501-6 carbon fiber polymer matrix composites are investigated. A fully instrumented experimental setup for characterization of electrical properties has been developed. The one-dimensional electrical resistance method was employed for damage sensing. 16-ply [0/45/–45/90] 2s and 32-ply [0/45/–45/90] 4s laminates were tested. Single impact and cumulative low velocity impact studies were conducted and electrical resistance measurements were performed to assess damage. The results show that the one-dimensional electrical resistance technique had a limited success at sensing impact damage in AS4/3501-6 composites due to low initial resistances of the composites tested. doi:10.12783/issn. 2168-4286/2.2/Zhupanska