Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Land Resources Usage Constraints and Their Temporal Change in Bale Eco-Region, Southeast Ethiopia

Usage of land resources to meet the demands of human being has an impact on the land resources. The purpose of the study was to investigate the land resource usage constraints and their temporal change in Bale Eco Region, Southeast Ethiopia. Both qualitative and quantitative cross sectional study designs were employed. Data was collected using HH survey, in depth interview, focus group discussion and field observation. Data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were implemented by using SPSS software version 20. Chi-Square test, frequencies and percentage were used to compare differences among variables with respect to the three agro-ecologies and statistical significance was decreased at P ≤ 0.05. Qualitative data was first transcribed to texts in local language then retranslated to English for writing the report. Data analysis was done after categorizing the transcripts. The information obtained from quantitative and qualitative sources were triangulated to ensure the relevance of the results of the study. Based on the finding of the study trends of land holding probability (p=0.00) and land productivities= (0.00), were significantly difference. Physical, technological and extension services were among the constraints that are identified to influence land and other natural resources utilization in the three agro-ecologies of BER. Lack of technology and lack of science based knowledge were among of the critical constraints that reported by majority of the respondents that limit them from utilizing their land resources. Almost in all agro-ecologies, low and erratic rainfall, climate variability, drought, inaccessibility, lack of water sources was the common constraints of. It is recommended that concerned bodies should minimize constraints of responsible land resource utilizations and temporal natural resources degradation in BER.
Subdural hematoma with extramedullary hematopoiesis

Subdural bleeding is commonly associated with trauma and is often associated with tearing of bridging veins. In rare cases, evidence of extramedullary hematopoiesis has been described in association with a subdural hematoma. This paper reports a case of a 77year-old male with a history of metastatic prostate cancer, hypertension, anemia and type 2 diabetes who presented to the emergency room with a persistent headache and inability to maintain his balance. A computed tomographic (CT) study showed evidence of bilateral hemispheric subacute and chronic subdural hematomas. Surgical evacuation of a lesion on the right and left side of the brain was performed. Examination of histologic sections showed evidence of an organizing subdural hematoma along with erythroid and megakaryocytic precursor cells, consistent with extramedullary hematopoiesis. The literature on this phenomenon will be briefly reviewed.
Towards Continuous User Authentication by Exploring Physiological Multimodality: ECG and BVP

: Multibiometrics and the development of pervasive systems for performing continuous identity recognition have become a major issue due to the ubiquity of sensors. In this work, a biometric system integrated on a computer interaction setup was developed based on two physiological signals, electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood volume pulse (BVP). Amplitude waveform values were extracted as features and k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) and Naive-Bayes decision level fusion classiﬁers were used to perform identi-ﬁcation and authentication tests. The results show that the BVP signal degrades the performance of the multimodal approach, but the combined use of windows of different lengths for the ECG modality can yield an increase in the performance. Error of Identiﬁcation (EID) of approximately 2% and 8% were achieved for the ECG in within and across-session tests, respectively. As for the Equal Error Rate (EER), the values were approximately 4% and 13%.
Pattern of Paediatric Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases in Port Harcourt, South-South, Nigeria

Background: It is known that children constitute the majority of the patients' population seen in a typical ORL clinic in most hospitals. In the absence of a well documented pattern of disease in these children, planning for their special health needs would be difficult. This study therefore is aimed at finding the prevalence and pattern of these diseases in the paediatric population in our environment so as to more appropriately equip these clinics and provide better health care to this population. Method: This was a descriptive retrospective study involving all patients aged 0-15years that were seen in the ENT clinic of UPTH from Jan 2008 to Dec 2010. The clinic records and patients case files were the source of data. Results: A total number of2163 patients were seen within the study period. 949 of this were of the paediatric age group constituting 43.87% of the total number of patients seen. There were 547males and 412 females giving a ratio of 1.3:1. Age group 0-5years were the most affected; 646 patients (67.33%) while the age 11 15years were the least affected;106 patients(11.16%). Otologic disorders were the commonest disease entity, 620 cases (65.33%). Aerodigestive disorders ranked 2rd; 226 cases (23.8%) while neck diseases were the least, 7 cases (0. 73%). Obstructive hypertrophy of the tonsils and adenoids (OHTA) was the highest single disease entity seen; 18.55% and the highest aerodigestive condition 77.87%. OHTA was seen more in the age group 0-5yrs. Cerumen auris the highest otologic disorder 28.06% ,was seen more in age group 6-10yrs, while CSOM was seen more in 11-15yrs group. Nasal Foreign bodies were the commonest rhinologic condition. Conclusion: The prevalence of the ENT disease among the paediatric population is high. Obstructive hypertrophy of the tonsils and adenoids, cerumen auris, CSOM are amongst the commonest disorders seen in the paediatric population in this environment. The planning for healthcare service should be focused on providing facilities for managing these conditions, while the training of ENT specialist should emphasize on building competence in the management of these condition's. Keywords: Pattern; Peadiatric ENT Disease; Nigeria
Achieving Coverage and Conﬁdence for Commonsense Knowledge Base Inference

In the world of knowledge inference, word embeddings and human-curated knowledge bases (KB) are some of the most popular, but ﬂawed sources. Word embeddings (e.g. FastText) can provide a wide coverage of concepts, however their reliance on words appearing in similar contexts makes the knowledge relatively weak evidence for inference. On the other hand, human-curated knowledge bases (e.g. WordNet and ConceptNet) provide stronger explicit evidence of relationships between concepts, however they have relatively lower coverage of concepts. Retroﬁtting is used to address these shortcomings by moving word vectors closer or further in their space to reﬂect their relationships in a knowledge base. However, retroﬁtting only works on concepts that are present in that knowledge base. This paper introduces two systems to address these issues: RetroGAN and Deep Relationship Discovery. RetroGAN uses the popular Cycle Generative Adversarial Network architecture to learn a retroﬁtting mapping. RetroGAN thus makes it possible to retroﬁt out-of-knowledge-base concepts in a manner similar to how some natural language systems handle out-of-vocabulary entries. We demonstrate the knowledge generalization capabilities of RetroGAN in another system called Deep Relationship Discovery which performs analogy-like inference for out-of-knowledge assertions given a pair of retroﬁtted embeddings. We evaluate the system in a commonsense knowledge base completion task and demonstrate that it is capable of inferring unseen assertions. By training Deep Relationship Discovery on RetroGAN produced embeddings and ConceptNet assertions, we are able to get a basic commonsense understanding of a set of concepts through generation of a commonsense-based knowledge base.
Configurationality in Classical Nahuatl

Some classic generativist analyses (Jelinek 1984, Baker 1996) predict that polysynthetic languages should be non-configurational by positing that the arguments of verbs are marked by clitics or affixes and relegating overt NPs/DPs to adjunct positions. Here I argue that the polysynthetic Uto-Aztecan language Classical Nahuatl (CN) was actually configurational. I claim that unmarked VSO order was derived by verb phrase (vP) fronting, from a base-generated structure of SVO. A vP constituent is evidenced by obligatory movement of indefinite object NPs with the vP, as in pseudo noun incorporation analyses given for VOS order in other predicate-initial languages such as Niuean (Polynesian) (Massam 2001) and Chol (Mayan) (Coon 2010). The CN case is interesting to contrast with languages like Chol, which lack head movement, in that the CN word order facts show the hallmarks of vP remnant movement (i.e., the fronting of the verb plus its determinerless NP object into a position structurally higher than the subject), while the actual morphology of the CN verb shows the hallmarks of head movement (including noun incorporation, tense/aspect/mood suffixes, derivational suffixes such as the applicative and causative, and pronominal agreement prefixes marked on the verb). Finally, in regard to the landing site for the fronted predicate, I argue that the placement of CN’s optional clause-introducing particle ca necessitates adopting the split-Comp proposal of Rizzi (1997), as is suggested for Welsh by Roberts (2005). Specifically, I claim for CN that ca is the head of ForceP and that the predicate fronts to a position in the structurally lower Fin(ite)P.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Vegetative Growth, Flowering and Yield of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Coorg

Papaya (Carica papaya) belonging to family Caricaceae, one of the important delicious fruit crop is commercially grown in tropical and sub tropical areas of the world (Yadava et al., 1990). Successful commercial cultivation of improved high yielding varieties of papaya crop depends on critical nutrient management practices due to its continuous growth, flowering and fruiting habit. The response of any crop to added nutrients largely depends on nutrient supplying capacity of soil and crop requirement and is also highly influenced by several ecoadaphic factors and management practices owing to increased cost of fertilizers, their short supply and sustainability issues gaining importance (Hazarika and Ansaris, 2007). The use of chemical fertilizers has resulted in progressive rise in multi nutrient deficiencies, nutrient imbalances, deterioration of soil health and productivity with time. Although, the organic manure contains plant nutrients in small quantities as compared to fertilizers, they influence in building up of organic matter, good soil aggregation, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 10 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
A Comparison Of Energy Expenditure And Prediction Equations During Walking Or Running Corrected For One Mile In Normal Weight And Overweight African American, Asian, And Caucasian Adults And Cross-Validation Of The Equations

The prevalence of obesity is rapid across the world. Knowledge of the actual energy expenditure (EE) of walking and running can lead to a more precise exercise prescription which may lead to an obesity reduction or avoidance. Limited research has focused on EE during walking and running. Therefore, the aims of this study included developing ethnic based cross validated EE prediction equations for African American, Asian and Caucasian adults, and a multiple regression equation developed that included all three ethnic groups. Also, the energy expenditure among these three ethnic groups were compared. A total of 224 subjects, including 71 Caucasians, 68 African Americans and 85 Asians were recruited to test EE through indirect calorimetry. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for overall significance with post hoc Scheffe test to compare EE in three groups (normal weight walkers, overweight walkers and runners). Multiple regression analysis was employed for EE prediction, and a dependent t-test and Chow statistical test were used to cross-validate. The results showed that EE in runners was significantly higher than that in normal weight walkers in African Americans. When EE was expressed relative to body weight, similar difference was observed between walkers and runners in both African Americans and Asians. When EE was expressed relative to fat free mass, normal weight walkers expended less energy than runners, both among African Americans and Asians. Furthermore, EE in African Americans was significantly higher than that in Caucasians and in Asians. Three EE prediction equations were developed specifically for African Americans, Asians, and the three ethnic groups. Through cross-validation, all the three equations were valid and they were all recommended to apply for calculating EE during walking or running one mile. The overall prediction equation was: EE=0.978 BW-4.571 Gender (M=1, F=2)+3.524 Ethnicity (Caucasians=1, AA=2, Asians=3)+32.447 (R=0.77; SEE=12.5 kcal·mile).
Advanced parallel implementation of real-time data processing algorithms for microwave reflectometry applied to plasma position feedback control purposes

Research in the field of plasma diagnostics for control purposes in nuclear fusion experiments has become increasingly important. In particular, the plasma’s control inside the chamber of reactor grade experimental devices such as the ITER international tokamak will be one of the most critical issues when operating of these power generating devices. At the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak, an ITER relevant experimental device, a plasma position control technique based on data from a microwave reflectometer has been demonstrated as an alternative to the usual feedback of magnetic field measurements. The reflectometry diagnostic used in this demonstration, a system capable of producing measurements of the plasma density profile in Real-time (RT), was recently upgraded to improve its performance, operating density range and to satisfy the requirements of the new synchronization and data-exchange software infrastructure used between all the RT measurement diagnostics and the experiments discharge control system (DCS). Part of the upgrade consisted in replacing the ageing data acquisition and RT data processing server, changing the original UMA to a NUMA architecture. Hence, the diagnostic software infrastructure needed to be changed or adapted in order to take full advantage of the gains achievable with such an architecture, satisfying all the control application requirements. This thesis will addressed all the introduced changes and their impact in the system’s performance, with special focus on the utilization of advanced parallelism approaches as well as advanced core isolation and memory management techniques. The results obtained with extensive system benchmarking prove the validity of the adopted implementation.
AN INVERTED U RELATIONSHIP

This paper investigates the relationship between product market competition (PMC) and innovation. A Schumpeterian growth model is developed in which . rms innovate ‘step-by-step’, and where both technological leaders and their followers engage in R&D activities. In this model, competition may increase the incremental pro.t from innovating; on the other hand, competition may also reduce innovation incentives for laggards. This model generates four main predictions which we test empirically. First, the relationship between product market competition (PMC) and innovation is an inverted U-shape: the escape competition e¤ect dominates for low initial levels of competition, whereas the Schumpeterian e¤ect dominates at higher levels of competition. Second, the equilibrium degree of technological ‘neck-and-neckness’ among . rms should decrease with PMC. Third, the higher the average degree of ‘neck-and-neckness’ in an industry, the steeper the inverted-U relationship between PMC and innovation in that industry. Fourth, . rms may innovate more if subject to higher debt-pressure, especially at lower levels of PMC. We confront these four predictions with a new panel data set on UK . rms’ patenting activity at the US patenting of.ce. The inverted U relationship, the neck and neck, and the debt pressure predictions are found to accord well with observed behavior in the data. ¤Harvard University and University College London (p_aghion@harvard.edu) yInstitute for Fiscal Studies and University College London (nbloom@ifs.org.uk, r.blundell@ucl.ac.uk, rgri¢th@ifs.org.uk) zBrown University (peter_howitt@brown.edu)
Measurement of imperceptible breathing movements from Kinect Skeleton Data

— This work presents a signal processing technique to measure respiratory frequency by relying only the skeletal tracking data of an inexpensive depth camera. Our approach aims to be useful for reading the breath frequency automatically in a non-invasive and markerless manner, using the skeletal joints from Kinect data. This study applies a pass-band filter that isolates the breath micro-movements of skeleton's joints to compute the respiratory frequency. To evaluate the system, we collected data from 28 subjects in 4 different acquisition modes. To assess our approach, we considered as ground truth data acquired from the Spirometer device. The results show that it is possible to extract reliable kinematic data from skeletal data to calculate the respiratory rate. It was found a pattern, using the axis that had better results for each acquisition mode. For both body poses (seated and standing) the best axis was the axis from the left shoulder. The best results for each mode had an error around 2 bpm when compared with the results from spirometer. Analyzing the results of the axis that had the best result in each acquisition the error decreases a lot. This system gains an advantage by achieving results with a minimal processing, which can be useful to apply in low processing devices or to run in the background without causing any negative processing impact. It was possible to identify two limitations in the method proposed in this work. The system only works with static subjects and the thickness or loose clothes can interfere the measurement performance.
Incidence and Histopathological Studies on Tumours of Dog in Bengaluru, India

In recent times, the incidence of cancer in dogs has seen as an upward trend, which might be resulting from increase in their life expectancy and advancements in veterinary diagnostic medicine (Komazawa et al., 2016). Cancer is a disease of the genome, arising from DNA alterations that dysregulate gene structure or function. It is one among the leading cause of death in dogs aged around 10 years old, with 50% of them developing the International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 2 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
EFFECT OF COLLAR ON TEMPORAL DEVELOPMENT OF SCOUR AROUND BRIDGE ABUTMENTS

In this study, an investigation related to the reduction of scour around a vertical-wall bridge abutment by using rectangular collars has been carried out for the case of clear-water flow condition over uniform sediment particles. The primary cause of local scour around abutment is a spiraling vortex flow structure called the principal vortex. The growth of the vortex can be arrested by retaining the vortex on a rigid surface by a collar plate, and therefore, the excessive scouring around the bridge abutment can be prevented. The primary objective of this study is to determine the time varying development of scouring around the bridge abutment by using collars of different sizes and at different elevations. Development of scouring with and without collar was studied and observed scouring values were compared to each other. Experimental results showed that in addition to reduction of scour depth, a collar was very effective in reducing the rate of temporal development of the scour hole. Comparison of the results of this study with the previous studies showed that the effectiveness of a collar increases with lowering its elevation and widening it.
Directional Message Passing for Molecular Graphs

Graph neural networks have recently achieved great successes in predicting quantum mechanical properties of molecules. These models represent a molecule as a graph using only the distance between atoms (nodes) and not the spatial direction from one atom to another. However, directional information plays a central role in empirical potentials for molecules, e.g. in angular potentials. To alleviate this limitation we propose directional message passing, in which we embed the messages passed between atoms instead of the atoms themselves. Each message is associated with a direction in coordinate space. These directional message embeddings are rotationally equivariant since the associated directions rotate with the molecule. We propose a message passing scheme analogous to belief propagation, which uses the directional information by transforming messages based on the angle between them. Additionally, we use spherical Bessel functions to construct a theoretically well-founded, orthogonal radial basis that achieves better performance than the currently prevalent Gaussian radial basis functions while using more than 4x fewer parameters. We leverage these innovations to construct the directional message passing neural network (DimeNet). DimeNet outperforms previous GNNs on average by 77% on MD17 and by 41% on QM9.
Rotating and Savings Credit Association (ROSCAs): A Veritable Tool for Enhancing the Performance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Nigeria

ROSCAs are informal financial institutions serving the financial needs of many people especially in developing countries. They provide an alternative through which entrepreneurs raise funds to support their business operations. Therefore, this study evaluated the relationship between ROSCAs participation and MSEs performance in Nigeria. A sample of 240 ROSCAs members was selected using stratified random sampling. Data were analysed using Frequency and Percentages, Regression analysis and Goodman and Kruskal? s gamma statistics. Findings showed that significant and positive relationship exist between ROSCAs participation and MSEs performance (G = 0.768, p
Main-Secondary Network for Defect Segmentation of Textured Surface Images

Building an intelligent defect segmentation system for textured images has attracted much increasing attention in both research and industrial communities, due to its significance values in the practical applications of industrial inspection and quality control. Previous models learned the classical classifiers for segmentation by designing handcrafted features. However, defect segmentation of textured surface images poses challenges such as ambiguous shapes and sizes of defects along with varying textures and patterns in the images. Thus, hand-crafted features based segmentation methods can only be applied to particular types of textured images. To this end, it is desirable to learn a general deep learning based representation for the automatic segmentation of defects. Furthermore, it is relatively less study in efficiently extracting the deep features in the frequency domain, which, nevertheless, should be very important to understand the patterns of textured images. In this paper, we propose a novel defect segmentation deep network – Main-Secondary Network (MS-Net). Our MS-Net is trained to model both features from the spatial domain and the frequency domain, where wavelet transform is utilized to extract discriminative information from the frequency domain. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness of our MS-Net.