Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among miners from the Karonga, Rumphi, Kasungu and Lilongwe Districts of Malawi in 2019

Introduction Miners in sub-Saharan Africa have a greater risk of tuberculosis (TB) than any other working population in the world. In spite of the presence of large and vulnerable population of miners in Malawi, no previous study has aimed to assess the burden of TB among these miners. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and health-seeking behaviour (HSB) in a population of miners in Malawi, and a range of associated factors. Our goal was to develop a method to identify missing cases of TB. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Karonga, Rumphi, Kasungu and Lilongwe districts of Malawi in 2019. We calculated frequencies, proportions, odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and used the chi-square test in STATA version15.1 to investigate the burden and magnitude of PTB in the mining sector. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were also fitted for PTB and HSB. Results Of the 2400 miners approached, we were able to interview 2013 (84%). Of these, 1435 (71%) were males, 1438 (71%) had known HIV status and 272 (14%) had PTB. Multivariate analysis showed that the miners performing informal mining were 50% more likely to develop PTB compared with those in formal mining (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.50, 95% CI: 1.10–2.05, P=0.01). A total of 459 (23% of 2013) miners had presumptive TB. Of these, 120 (26%) sought health care; 80% sought health care at health facilities. Multivariate analysis also showed that miners who experienced night sweats were less likely to seek health care compared with those without night sweats (AOR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.30–0.90, P=0.02). Conclusion The prevalence of PTB was higher among miners than in the general population. Consequently, targeted TB screening programmes for miners may represent a suitable strategy to adopt if we are to end TB by 2030. Poor health-seeking behaviours among miners is worrisome and further qualitative research is necessary to understand the barriers to accessing health care in these settings.
Perbedaan Rata-Rata DMF-T Pada Masyarakat Yang Mengkonsumsi Air Minum Kemasan Isi Ulang Dan Air Sungai Yang Diendapkan

The Difference in Average DMF-T in Communities that Consume Refillable Bottled Drinking Water and Precipitated River Water. The average DMF-T index for Indonesia is 4.6 with a value of D-T component is 1.6, M-T component is 2.9, and an F-T component is 0.08. It means, tooth decay in Indonesian people is 460 teeth per 100 people (Riskesdas., 2013). The DMF-T index for Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan is 6.83, with a value of D-T component is 1.31, M-T component is 5.52, and F-T component is 0.12. It means, the average of tooth decay per person (severity of teeth per person) is 6.83 teeth or 7 teeth (Riskesdas., 2007). This study aimed to determine the difference of DMF-T average in people who consumed refillable bottled water and people who consumed river water treated by deposited, in Desa Samuda, Kecamatan Daha Selatan, Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. This research was an analytical survey with cross sectional approach. The sample of this research was all of the people in Desa Samuda, Kecamatan Daha Selatan, Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan, as 110 participants. The independent variable was refilled bottled drinking water and deposited river water. The results showed that the DMF-T average in people who consumed refillable bottled water was 6.42 and the DMF-T average in people who consumed deposited river water was 8.20. Based on the result of the Independent T-Test, the value of sig (2-tailed) p = 0.004 was less than α = 0.05; (p<α), meaning that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. The conclusion is that there are the differences of DMF-T average in people who consume refilled bottled drinking water and deposited river water. It is recommended that people who consume deposited river water conduct drinking water treatment that complies with health standards.
The influence of the oral microbiome on general health

Background The oral microbiome hosts a large number of microorganisms that play a critical role in oral and general health. Many factors can cause dysbiosis of the otherwise beneficial interrelationship between host and microbiome. Understanding and identifying microbial shifts and keystone pathogens that correlate with general diseases of the body holds many opportunities. Objective The aim of this literature review is to present scientific evidence about disease-associated microbial shifts in the oral cavity, the effect on oral and general health and give the reader insights into alternative, new treatment approaches. This review is also intended to inspire practitioners to consider a more holistic care approach. Data sources A search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. The general key terms used were: “Oral microbiome AND health”, “Oral microbiome AND general disease”. Disease-specific searches were performed. Articles found by cross-referencing were included. Study selection Original studies and meta-analyses were included. Articles published in 2012 or later were preferentially considered. Reviews were included if deemed valuable and labelled in the text. Articles not written in English were excluded. Data extraction The reviewer assessed each article for their relevance and methodology. Results were evaluated according to their sample size and whether or not the same result was replicated in different studies. Data synthesis Individual etiological factors correlate with several, seemingly unrelated diseases. This article directs the reader towards understanding the more unusual interconnections and utilizing multidisciplinary treatment approaches, that are aimed at reestablishing an overall balance within the oral microbiome.
Genetic and phenotypic parameters associated with soybean progenies in a recurrent selection program

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters associated with progenies from the recurrent selection program for grain yield in soybean. The evaluation of S0:1 progenies was in Lavras in the 2015/2016 crop year. The S0:2 progenies were evaluated in Lavras, Nazareno, and Itutinga. The S0:3 progenies were evaluated in Lavras, Ijaci, and Itutinga in the following crop years. The following traits were evaluated: days to flowering, days to full maturity, bottom pod height, plant height, lodging, and grain yield. The expected gain and gain achieved from selection, genetic correlation, and correlated response were estimated. The variance components show variability among the progenies. It was possible to obtain gains from selection for grain yield for all selection intensities (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%). The variability and the high performance of the progenies indicate that implementation of the recurrent selection program can be successful.
The magnetic field Influence on the absorption threshold of VO

The vanadium dioxide VO₂ is a material described as being intelligent because it can transit [1,2] from a reversible way of the semiconductor state to the metal state at a temperature θ t = 68 °C. When we are at a temperature θ t ˂ 68 °C, this material is in the semiconductor state with a gap [3,4] approximately 0.7 ev. When θ t ˃ 68 °C, the vanadium dioxide becomes metal [14], there is an abrupt change of its structure and its optical properties [14,15] and electronic. We are interested in this study in the VO₂ semiconductor state [15] and, especially, in widening its gap by the application of a magnetic field B z . By taking into account the spin of the electron of the band of conduction after having neglected the term of Coulomb interaction, we solved the Schrodinger’s equation in an exact way. Obtaining the levels of Landau [5,6,7] enables us to conclude the variation of the gap of ∆E g = 1/2ħω c , where ω c is the frequency cyclotron ω c =eB/μ, with e: the electron charge; μ: the reduced mass of the quasi particle (electron-hole); ħ: the Planck's constant reduced, and B is the intensity of the applied magnetic field. We will simulate by Maple this variation according to B for fixed μ on the one hand, and ∆E g according to μ for fixed B on the other hand.
Nutrient intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance of West African Dwarf goats fed cassava root sievate and cassava leaf meal mixture in their diets

Saabunud / Received 23.10. 2020 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 27.11. 2020 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 27.11. 2020 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Peter-Damian Chukwunomso Jiwuba jiwubapc@gmail.com
Tapping into hard-to-get information: the contribution of citizen science campaigns for updating knowledge on range-expanding, introduced and rare native marine species in the Malta-Sicily Channel

Considerable research effort has recently been invested into the reporting of Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) within the Mediterranean Sea, with species’ first records from the Basin holding most prestige within the biological community. This invariably leads to a discard of secondary, unpublished records, which represent a vast repository of information. This study documents a total of 49 unpublished records (represented by 89 individuals) of nine Atlantic range-expanding and introduced species, as well as rarely-reported native and cryptogenic species, within the Malta-Sicily Channel, gleaned through citizen science efforts conducted on the islands of Malta and Sicily. The study also represents the second record of Pomadasys incisus (Bowdich, 1825) from Maltese waters, as well as the second record of Selene dorsalis (Gill, 1863) from the Mediterranean.
International Student Engagement for Sustainability of Leisure Participation: An Integrated Approach of Means-End Chain and Acculturation

This study examined international students’ engagement in leisure activities using data derived from an integrated method and analyzed through acculturation and means-end chain approaches. A cluster analysis was conducted to identify acculturation types. An initial qualitative survey with 30 respondents produced the questionnaire items, and a quantitative survey to construct value maps was conducted targeting 415 respondents. The cluster analysis identified bicultural acceptance, heritage culture maintenance, and bicultural marginalization as distinct types that distinguish the acculturation level among international students. The results from three acculturation types indicate that the significant items and strong linkages between attribute-consequence and consequence-value at each level reflect the international students’ inner thoughts and ultimate value. Such strong associations provide value maps, which differ according to the acculturation types. Such findings present that availability of leisure services is necessary to better cater to the special interests of international students at different stages of acculturation. Given that international student mobility has increased substantially, relevant leisure professionals and organizations should understand that international students’ sustainable leisure engagement can only be achieved if attention is paid to cultural contexts.
Morphology-dependent performance of Zr–CeVO4/TiO2 for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

A novel Zr–CeVO4/TiO2 catalyst was developed for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3. Both TiO2 nanosheets (TiO2-NS) and nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) with different crystal facets were used as supports for the catalyst. It was found that the TiO2-NS-supported catalyst showed much better activity, stability and H2O/SO2 durability than the TiO2-NP-supported catalyst. In particular, the catalyst loading amount was much lower than those of previously reported vanadate-based SCR catalysts. The crystal structures and morphologies were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and (high-resolution) transmission electron microscopy ((HR)TEM). The redox properties, surface active species and acid sites of the catalysts were investigated through hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ammonia and nitrogen oxide temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD and NOx-TPD) and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTs) experiments. The improved activity at lower temperature was due to the presence of more active oxygen species and Bronsted acid sites, as well as the formation of NO2 on the surface of the TiO2 nanosheets which have exposed (001) facets. The enhanced stability and H2O/SO2 durability of Zr–CeVO4/TiO2-NS was due to the limited formation of NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4/NH4HSO4. The excellent low operation temperature, low vanadium content and absence of WO3(MoO3) in this catalyst indicated that it has promising potential as a SCR catalyst for practical applications.
Root cause analysis of pitting corrosion of AA2024 and AA7075 after exposure in salt fog environment

: Two grades of anodised aerospace aluminium alloys, AA2024 and AA7075, were analysed to determine root causes of pitting corrosion after the samples were exposed to a salt spray test according to ASTM B177. Methods to investigate pitting corrosion behaviour of the aluminium alloys were divided into two steps: 1) characterisation of pre-exposed (intact) anodised film and stimulated pitting corrosion by polarisation; 2) comparison of samples that passed and failed the salt spray test. The surface properties were characterised by roughness measurements, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Pitting corrosion was stimulated by potentiodynamic polarisation prior to characterisation of pitting by SEM and EDS to determine pitting initiation point. The results reveal that thickness of the film does not prevent localised corrosion. Cu-bearing intermetallic particles are detrimental to anodic film formation and cause pitting in the film. Potentiodynamic polarisation tests alone cannot determine whether the film will pass or fail the salt spray test for 96 hours. for five years (2000–2004), and received his Doctoral in Mechanical (Materials) Engineering from in 2005. His areas of technological expertise include corrosion mitigation, metallurigcal failure analysis and joining of metals.
60 Years Later - Testing Kirkpatrick's 4-Level Evaluation Model on an Extra-Occupational Master Program

This paper investigates the relationships between the evaluation levels in Kirkpatrick's (supposedly) hierarchically constructed 4-level model. Although this evaluation model is still regarded as the most popular and widespread, there are contradictory findings in the scientific discourse regarding the effects the individual evaluation levels have on each other. The present research thus contributes to sharpening the widely used evaluation model. The study is based on a quantitative questionnaire assessing the four levels of the model – reaction, learning, (learning-)transfer and career-success. The questionnaire was completed by a total of 88 alumni of an extraoccupational part-time Master's program in the field of organizational and personnel development. The data analysis using simple and multiple linear regressions shows the hierarchical structure of the model, as each evaluation level determines its subsequent level. This article thus confirms Kirkpatrick's modelling, first published 60 years ago, and contributes to a clearer understanding of the individual evaluation levels.
Impressed by Numbers: The Extent to Which Novice Investors Favor Precise Numerical Information in a Context of Uncertainty

Society is riddled with uncertainty, but uncertainty is often poorly communicated to decision-makers. Novice investors are particularly vulnerable to this as they are often shown future returns with misleadingly high levels of precision. We test the hypothesis that consumers are impressed by numbers – i.e. offset the uncertainty in investment decisions by over-relying on precise numerical information. Six incentivized experiments compared decisions when expected growth is presented in point estimates as opposed to ranges. Consumers prefer and invest more in point estimates, particularly when the range features a larger width or a potential loss. This is because point estimates are associated with certainty and therefore give consumers more confidence. This effect holds when consumers are made aware that performance is variable and expected growth is not guaranteed, which shows the limits of current financial communications. On the other hand, experiencing discrepancies between expected and actual growth dissipates the preference for point estimates. Although consumers favor seemingly precise numerical information, we find conditions under which this bias can be alleviated and open promising avenues for effective interventions.
Metal contents of some cocoa beans produced in Ondo State, Nigeria

The metal contents in 11 cocoa samples collected from different parts of Ondo State, Nigeria, were determined by the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The moisture and ash contents of the samples were in the range 2.0–3.2% and 2.0–3.8%, respectively, the means being 2.5% and 2.9%, respectively. The mean contents of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, manganese, iron, copper and zinc were 25.5, 5170, 2480, 21, 17, 15.8, 8.2 and 62 μg g−1, respectively of cocoa bean as purchased. Magnesium was present at much higher levels than the other metals. In some cases the difference between the mean metal content of samples was significant.
Malaria parasites in macaques in Thailand: Stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) are new natural hosts for Plasmodium knowlesi, P. inui, P. coatneyi and P. fieldi.

Background: Certain species of macaques are natural hosts of Plasmodium knowlesi and P. cynomolgi, which can both cause malaria in humans, and P. inui, which can be experimentally transmitted to humans. A significant number of zoonotic malaria cases have been reported in humans throughout Southeast Asia, including Thailand. There have been only two studies undertaken in Thailand to identify malaria parasites in non-human primates in 6 provinces. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui and P. fieldi in non-human primates from 4 new locations in Thailand. Methods: A total of 93 blood samples from Macaca fascicularis, M. leonina and M. arctoides were collected from four locations in Thailand: 32 were captive M. fascicularis from Chachoengsao Province (CHA), 4 were wild M. fascicularis from Ranong Province (RAN), 32 were wild M. arctoides from Prachuap Kiri Khan Province (PRA), and 25 were wild M. leonina from Nakornratchasima Province (NAK). DNA was extracted from these samples and analysed by nested PCR assays to detect Plasmodium, and subsequently to detect P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui and P. fieldi.Results: Twenty-seven of the 93 (29%) samples were Plasmodium-positive by nested PCR assays. Among wild macaques, all 4 M. fascicularis at RAN were infected with malaria parasites followed by 50% of 32 M. arctoides at PRA and 20% of 25 M. leonina at NAK. Only 2 (6.3%) of the 32 captive M. fascicularis at CHA were malaria-positive. All 5 species of Plasmodium were detected and 16 (59.3%) of the 27 macaques had single infections, 9 had double and 2 had triple infections. The composition of Plasmodium species in macaques at each sampling site was different. Macaca arctoides from PRA were infected with P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui and P. fieldi. Conclusions: The prevalence and species of Plasmodium varied among the wild and captive macaques, and between macaques at 4 sampling sites in Thailand. Macaca arctoides is a new natural host for P. knowlesi, P. inui, P. coatneyi and P. fieldi.
Usefulness of ultrasensitive anti-Müllerian hormone assay to predict follicle growth in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency

Background: Patients with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) present with follicle growth occasionally, however, it is difficult to predict the exact cycles with follicle growth. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a useful marker for ovarian reserve, is produced in early-stage follicles. Therefore, AMH levels should reflect the existence of small follicles which are difficult to detect using ultrasonography and may be useful for predicting follicle growth in patients with POI. Methods: Using an ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, we found very low serum AMH levels of patients with POI; we further assessed the follicle growth of each patient and their cycles to clarify the usefulness of measuring serum AMH levels for predicting the follicle growth in patients with POI. Results: A total of 91 cycles of 19 patients with POI were analyzed in this study. Five patients presented with positive serum AMH levels during the observational periods and all five experienced follicle growth. Only two of the 14 patients with negative serum AMH levels had follicle growth. Serum AMH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in cycles with follicle growth were significantly higher than in cycles without follicle growth. The median serum AMH level (2.77 pg/mL; 25th, 75th percentiles: 0.0, 9.64) in cycles with follicle growth were lower than the lower limit of detection of conventional AMH ELISA kits. The positive predictive value of positive serum AMH levels for follicle growth was higher than that of FSH (<10 mIU/mL). Conclusions: Measuring very low levels of serum AMH using picoAMH assays is useful for the prediction of follicle growth in patients with POI.
A measure for the identification of preferred particle orientations in cryo-electron microscopy data: A simulation study

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is an important experimental technique for the structural analysis of biomolecules that are difficult or impossible to crystallize. The three-dimensional structure of a biomolecule can be reconstructed using two-dimensional electron-density maps, which are experimentally sampled via the electron beam irradiation of vitreous ice in which the target biomolecules are embedded. One assumption required for this reconstruction is that the orientation of the biomolecules in the vitreous ice is isotropic. However, this is not always the case and two-dimensional electron-density maps are often sampled using preferred biomolecular orientations, which can make reconstruction difficult or impossible. Compensation for under-represented views is computationally feasible for the reconstruction of three-dimensional electron density maps, but one must know whether or not there is any missing information in the sampled two-dimensional electron density maps. Thus, a measure to identify whether a cryo-EM data is obtained from the biomolecules adopting preferred orientations is required. In the present study, we propose a measure for which the geometry of manifold projected onto a low-dimensional space is used. To show the usefulness of the measure, we perform simulations for cryo-EM experiment of a protein. It is found that the geometry of manifold projected onto a two-dimensional space for a protein adopting a preferred biomolecular orientation is significantly different from that for a protein adopting a uniform orientation. This result suggests that the geometry of manifold projected onto a low-dimensional space can be used for the measure for the identification that the biomolecules adopt preferred orientations.