Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How important is CRISPR-Cas for protecting natural populations of bacteria against infections by mobile genetic elements?

Articles on CRISPR commonly open with some variant of the phrase ‘these short-palindromic repeats and their associated endonucleases (Cas) are an adaptive immune system that exists to protect bacteria and archaea from viruses and infections with other mobile genetic elements’. There is an abundance of genomic data consistent with the hypothesis that CRISPR plays this role in natural populations of bacteria and archaea, and experimental demonstrations with a few species of bacteria and their phage and plasmids show that CRISPR-Cas systems can play this role in vitro. Not at all clear are the ubiquity, magnitude and nature of the contribution of CRISPR-Cas systems to the ecology and evolution of natural populations of microbes, and the strength of selection mediated by different types of phage and plasmids to the evolution and maintenance of CRISPR-Cas systems. In this perspective, with the aid of heuristic mathematical-computer simulation models, we explore the a priori conditions under which exposure to lytic and temperate phage and conjugative plasmids will select for and maintain CRISPR-Cas systems in populations of bacteria and archaea. We review the existing literature addressing these ecological and evolutionary questions and highlight the experimental and other evidence needed to fully understand the conditions responsible for the evolution and maintenance of CRISPR-Cas systems and the contribution of these systems to the ecology and evolution of bacteria, archaea and the mobile genetic elements that infect them. Significance There is no question about the importance and utility of CRISPR-Cas for editing and modifying genomes. On the other hand, the mechanisms responsible for the evolution and maintenance of these systems and the magnitude of their importance to the ecology and evolution of bacteria, archaea and their infectious DNAs, are not at all clear. With the aid of heuristic mathematical – computer simulation models and reviews of the existing literature, we raise questions that have to be answered to elucidate the contribution of selection – mediated by phage and plasmids – to the evolution and maintenance of this adaptive immune system and its consequences for the ecology and evolution of prokaryotes and their viruses and plasmids.
Measuring Behavioral Phenotypes from Complex Social Interactions in Non-human Primates

Humans are innately social animals, and social interactions are among the single most biologically important type of behavior in which humans and non-human primates engage. Life outcomes such as mental and physical health, status, material well-being, and reproductive success depend on an individual’s ability to successfully navigate social interactions by deploying appropriate combinations of behavior. Direct observation of the fine structure of social interactions in free-ranging non-human primates can provide valuable insights into the neurobiological processes underlying social behavior by making it possible to quantify social phenotypes in terms of how they deploy particular combinations of behavior in social interactions. However, the complexity of social interactions makes the estimation of such phenotypes computationally and statistically challenging. I develop computational methods for modeling behavioral phenotypes in terms of the combinations of behaviors that characterize social interactions, and apply these methods to behavioral observations of rhesus macaques. I find that modeling the way animals combine social behaviors reveals novel information about animal social phenotypes that is lost when behaviors are considered individually, and I extend the model to directly incorporate biological and environmental covariates. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Neuroscience First Advisor Michael L. Platt Subject Categories Neuroscience and Neurobiology This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/3607 MEASURING BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPES FROM COMPLEX SOCIAL INTERACTIONS IN NON-HUMAN PRIMATES
The Effectiveness of life Skills Training on Marital Satisfaction in Divorce Applicant Couples

Background & Aim : Divorce, as tragic social phenomena, has long been of interest to researchers. Marital satisfaction improvement through life skills training is one of the coping strategies with the negative impacts of divorce. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of life skills training on marital satisfaction in divorce applicant couples. Material & Methods : This research was an interventional study (pre-test and post-test with control group and random assignment). By using the simple random sampling, 32 subjects were selected (16 in each group) from divorce applicant couples who referred to Tabriz family courts since (2014-2015). After completion of the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire, they randomly divided into control and intervention groups. After 10 sessions of group life skills training (3 hours\ twice a week for One and a half months) in intervention groups, the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire was conducted again as a post-test in all groups. The data were statistically analyzed using Multivariate Covariance analyses by SPSS.16 software. Results: Results showed that life skills training have significant (P< 0.05) effects on all aspect of marital satisfaction, except financial management, leisure activities and religious orientation in intervention group. Conclusion: Our results showed that attention to mental health needs and family problems in divorce applicant couples, have important outcome on marital satisfaction.
What to eat for healthy bones? : epidemiological studies on diet, bone health and frailty

The main aim of this thesis was to evaluate dietary intake in relation to various aspects of bone health in Dutch middle aged and elderly people. Dietary intake was assessed using Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs). These FFQs included a large number of food items and asked if and how often our participants habitually consumed the food items. Bone mineral density (BMD) was used as an important measure of bone health. BMD reflects the degree of mineralisation of the bones. Additionally, more novel measures of bone health that provide information on the structure of the bones were covered. Examples are the Trabecular Bone Score (TBS, a reflection of trabecular integrity) and structural measurements of hip, such as cortical bone width. Moreover, risk of fractures of different types was studied.
Dampak Perilaku Altruisme, Moral Reasoning dan Kecerdasan Emosional Terhadap Kualitas Audit

Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu untuk menganalisis pengaruh perilaku altruisme terhadap kualitas audit, menganalisis pengaruh moral reasoning terhadap kualitas audit, serta menganalisis pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap kualitas audit. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini, yaitu menggunakan data primer dengan menyebar kuesioner secara langsung di Kantor Akuntan Publik di Makassar. Variabel peneltian terdiri dari perilaku altruisme, moral reasoning, kecerdasan emosional, dan kualitas audit. Metode statistik yang digunakan adalah analis regresi linear berganda. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan perilaku altruisme dan moral Reasoning berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kualitas audit, sedangkan kecerdasan emosional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas audit.
Effects of synthetic pyrethroids Cyfluthrin and Fenvalerate on Nucleic acid contents of fresh water fish Gambusia affinis

Received: 22/May/2019, Accepted: 12/Jun/2019, Online: 30/Jun/2019 Abstract-India is a country with more than 60–70% of its population dependent on agriculture. Rapid industrialization and successful green, white and blue revolutions have necessitated a large variety of chemicals/pesticides usage resulting environmental pollution which has become not only a national but a global problem. Fish occupy a prominent position in the field of aquatic toxicology and have been employed in studies concerning ecological health. In the present investigation two synthetic pyrethroids were selected namely Cyfluthrin and Fenvalerate to evaluate their toxicity on Gambusia affinis. In the present study there is significant decline in DNA content in the gill, liver and kidney tissues is observed, when the fish Gambusia affinis is exposed to the cyflthrin and fenvalerate. Decreases in the DNA content due to inhibition of the enzymes in DNA synthesis. The declines in RNA level in treated fish due to obstruction in RNA synthesis. Resulting in the swelling and chromatolysis of Nissle bodies which are rich in RNA. Pesticides may influence directly or modify DNA, other cellular process associated with the integrity of the genome.
The Effects of School Distance on Students’ Academic Performance: A Case of Community Secondary Schools in Makambako Town Council

The study set to determine the extent to which distance affected the academic achievement of students in community secondary schools in Makambako Town Council. The study was guided by four specific objectives, which were carried out through descriptive cross-sectional study design. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guide, questionnaires and documentary review, by involving 12 teachers, two educational officers, and 200 (80 boys and 120 girls) students. These study respondents were sampled through simple random and purposive sampling technique in which SPSS and inductive analysis procedures were employed to analyze their responses. The study determined that longer distance travelled by students to school made them reach schools late and with empty stomachs. Location of school has lead to mass failure to most of students, due to long walk among students have cause dropout from school and most of girls‘ student get pregnancy thus fails to attain their educational goals. Community secondary schools will continue performing poorly academically if there is no effort done to improve the provision of education to community secondary schools in Makambako Town Council.
Efficacy of NEPA, a novel combination of netupitant (NETU) and palonosetron (PALO), for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) following highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC).

9512 Background: Further progress in preventing CINV will require the introduction of novel agents providing maximal convenience and with efficacy for nausea as well as vomiting. NEPA is a single dose combination of NETU, a novel NK1 receptor antagonist (RA) and PALO, a pharmacologically distinct 5-HT3RA. This study was designed to determine the proper dose of NETU to combine with PALO. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel group study in chemotherapy-naive patients (pts) undergoing cisplatin-based HEC. Four study arms compared 3 oral doses of NEPA (NETU 100, 200, 300mg + PALO 0.50 mg) with oral PALO 0.50 mg, all given on day 1. All pts received oral dexamethasone (DEX) days 1-4. An exploratory aprepitant (APREP) + ondansetron/DEX arm was included. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR: no emesis, no rescue) in the overall (0-120h) phase. Results: 694 pts were enrolled with comparable characteristics across groups: males (57%), median age 55. Common cancers: lung (27%), head and .
Reconsidering churnalism: How news factors in corporate press releases influence how journalists treat these press releases after initial selection

Abstract This study examines how news factors in press releases influence journalists’ decisions and the journalistic treatment of press release information after its initial selection for the news agenda: These journalists can transform press releases into a news story, which involves little journalistic capital investment, or use these releases for a unique news production, which requires significant journalistic capital investment. The data elicited from the content analysis show that the more profound the presence of certain news factors in press releases, the higher the chance that journalists will choose to invest their journalistic capital in these press releases. This result means that journalists will only invest journalistic capital in press releases that contain specific news factors.
Ponatinib Exerts Multiple Effects on Vascular Endothelial Cells: Possible Mechanisms and Explanations for the Adverse Vascular Events Seen in CML Patients Treated with Ponatinib

The potent BCR-ABL1-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) ponatinib is used for the treatment of patients with drug-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, an increased risk of development of cardiovascular events has been described in CML patients treated with ponatinib. The etiology of these adverse events is currently unknown. In an attempt to discover mechanisms underlying ponatinib-induced adverse vascular events, we have evaluated the effects of ponatinib in vitro on human vascular endothelial cells and on contraction of explanted mice aortic rings. In addition, we examined the effects of ponatinib on angiogenesis in vivo in a mouse model of hind limb ischemia. Ponatinib dose-dependently induced apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) in a caspase assay (relative apoptosis vs. 1% DMSO: ponatinib 50 nM: 1.79±0.38, p Disclosures Kirchmair:Ariad: Research Funding. Valent:Ariad: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria; Deciphera Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding.
The unintended consequences of crowdsourcing prior art search

ABSTRACT A pilot programme run by the United States Patent and Trademark Office sought to crowdsource prior art search to help patent examiners examine patent applications in emerging technology areas. By comparing participating patent applications to a control group and using a differential awareness of the programme between domestic and foreign applicants as an instrument, we show that the programme did not have a significant effect on allowance rate, led to more requests for continued examination and boosted forward citations substantially. The programme also increased the patent examiner’s search effort both in terms of the number of search reports filed by the examiners and the number of references added by the examiners after the first office action.
Integrated mental healthcare: outcomes from Brazilian primary care

Objectives: To compare outcomes from Brazilian patients with anxiety and/or depression followed by primary care teams working with and without access to mental health integrated care. Method: The study was conducted with patients from 4 Brazilian Family Health Strategy teams. Only 2 of these teams had access to an integrated care model. A psychiatrist and a psychiatric nurse conducted weekly activities in primary healthcare units. Patients waiting for an appointment underwent screening and those diagnosed with major depression and/or generalized anxiety disorder were assessed during 12 months. The outcomes measures were the scores of the respective modules of “Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-TRACKING”. Results: One hundred and forty-seven patients underwent screening. Eighty-five had positive screening and 42 were diagnosed with depression and/or anxiety. Twenty-one patients in each arm of the study, that is, with and without integrated mental healthcare, were diagnosed at baseline. There were no differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between the 2 groups. Fifteen patients in each study arm performed 5 assessments and completed 12 months of follow-up. Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVArm) showed significant differences in time factor (F4,120 = 16.6, p <0.001), in interaction time x group, in contrasts between the first and fourth assessment (F 1,30 = 4.55, p = 0.041) and between the first and fifth assessment (F 1,30 = 5.33, p = 0.028). Conclusion: Integration of mental health specialists into Brazilian primary care seems to be a relevant factor to generate better mental health outcomes.
effet synergique des déterminants de l'accès au financement bancaire par les PME au Cameroun

Ce papier explore l’effet synergique des déterminants de l’accès au financement bancaire par les Petites et Moyennes Entreprises (PME) au Cameroun. La méthodologie d’analyse est la régression logistique binomiale appliquée sur des données collectées par un questionnaire administré auprès d’un échantillon de 78 PME. Trois principaux résultats découlent de cette recherche. Premièrement, la relation banque-entreprise, mesurée par la durée de la relation et le nombre de banques en relation de financement avec l’entreprise, a un effet positif et significatif sur l’accès au crédit bancaire. Deuxièment, la structure de propriété de l’entreprise impacte significativement sur l’accès au financement bancaire. Troixièment, le profil du dirigeant capté à travers l’âge, exerce une influence significative sur l’accès des PME au financement bancaire.
The immediate effect of incorporating short-term slow abdominal respiration into an exercise program on balance and the autonomic nervous system

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © 2019 Korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2019. 8.4. 225 pISSN 2287-7576 eISSN 2287-7584 Phys Ther Rehabil Sci 2019, 8 (4), 225-233 www.jptrs. org
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD ON STUDENTS’ PRONUNCIATION ABILITY AT THIRD SEMESTER IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PASIR PENGARAIAN

Abstract. Studying pronunciation is little bit hard than other skill cause need practice and need new method to engage students’ ability. For those the researcher apply audio-lingual method to engage students’ pronunciation ability. This research aims to see the effect of audio-lingual method to students’ pronunciation. This research is quasi experimental research; nonequivalent control group design. They are thirdly eight students. Twenty students are in regular class and eighteen students are in non-regular class. Experiment class is taught Audio-lingual method and Control class is taught conventional technique. The data will be analyzed by using independent t-test. The research finding is expected enrich theories about teaching method in pronunciation. Keywords. Audio-lingual method, Students; pronunciation, Third semester, University of Pasir Pangaraian
Thermal and porosity properties of meteorites: A compilation of published data and new measurements

We report direct measurements of thermal diffusivity and conductivity at room temperature for 38 meteorite samples of 36 different meteorites including mostly chondrites, and thus almost triple the number of meteorites for which thermal conductivity is directly measured. Additionally, we measured porosity for 34 of these samples. Thermal properties were measured using an optical infrared scanning method on samples of cm‐sizes with a flat, sawn surface. A database compiled from our measurements and literature data suggests that thermal diffusivities and conductivities at room temperature vary largely among samples even of the same petrologic and chemical type and overlap among, for example, different ordinary chondrite classes. Measured conductivities of ordinary chondrites vary from 0.4 to 5.1 W m−1 K−1. On average, enstatite chondrites show much higher values (2.33–5.51 W m−1 K−1) and carbonaceous chondrites lower values (0.5–2.55 W m−1 K−1). Mineral composition (silicates versus iron‐nickel) and porosity control conductivity. Porosity shows (linear) negative correlation with conductivity. Variable conductivity is attributed to heterogeneity in mineral composition and porosity by intra‐ and intergranular voids and cracks, which are important in the scale of typical meteorite samples. The effect of porosity may be even more significant for thermal properties than that of the metal content in chondrites.
Evaluation of tensile yield strength of high-density polyethylene in flat-ended cylindrical indentation: An analytic approach based on the expanding cavity model

The tensile yield strength of high-density polyethylene using instrumented indentation tests with a flat-ended cylindrical indenter was evaluated. The variation in the field expressed by stress and strain beneath the flat-ended cylindrical indenter is investigated using a new expanding cavity model to study the relation between tension and indentation. This model starts from the separation of forces into the compressive force on the material and the frictional one, which is generated during indentation on the sides of indenter. The authors propose a method to correct the frictional force based on the saturation of indentation hardening and obtain load–depth curve with compressive component only. For conversion of indentation force and displacement, our new representation model is applied. By modifying Johnson’s model, the new assumption of conservation of indentation plastic volume is suggested. This model proves and supports conventional relations of the strain rates between indentation and tension theoretically. These are verified through the experiments: instrumented indentation and uniaxial tensile test. The authors find a good agreement between the tensile yield strengths at various strain rates.
Effects of a tropical cyclone on salt marsh insect communities and post‐cyclone reassembly processes

Concepts regarding effects of recurrent natural disturbances and subsequent responses of communities are central to ecology and conservation biology. Tropical cyclones constitute major disturbances producing direct effects (damage, mortality) in many coastal communities worldwide. Subsequent reassembly involves changes in composition and abundance for which the underlying mechanisms (deterministic and stochastic processes) are still not clear, especially for mobile organisms. We examined tropical cyclone-induced changes in composition and reassembly of entire insect communities in 16 Louisiana coastal salt marshes before and after Hurricane Isaac in 2012 and 2013. We used the Shannon index and multivariate permutational ANOVA to study insect resistance and resilience, β diversity partitioning to evaluate the importance of species replacement, and null models to disentangle the relative roles of different assembly processes over time after the tropical cyclone. The α diversity and species composition, overall and for different trophic levels, decreased immediately after the tropical cyclone; nonetheless, both then increased rapidly and returned to pre-cyclone states within one year. Changes in species abundance, rather than species replacement, was the primary driver, accounting for most temporal dissimilarity among insect communities. Stochastic processes, which drove community composition immediately after the tropical cyclone, decreased in importance over time. Our study indicates that rapid reformation of insect communities involved sequential landscape-level dynamics. Cyclone-resistant life cycle stages apparently survived in some, perhaps random locations within the overall salt marsh landscape. Subsequently, stochastic patterns of immigration of mobile life cycle stages resulted in rapid reformation of local communities. Post-cyclone direct regeneration of salt marsh insect communities resulted from low resistance, coupled with high landscape-level resilience via re-immigration. Our study suggests that the extent of direct regeneration of local salt marsh insect communities might change with the size of larger marsh landscapes within which they are imbedded.