Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating antecedents of Islamophobia: The role of perceived control over terrorism, threat,
 meta‐dehumanization
 , and dehumanization

In times of intergroup conflict, people tend to attribute less than human qualities to opponents (Haslam, 2006). With recent conflict in mind, Muslims have been labelled as parasites (Bates, 2018), Trojan horses (Cook, 2016), a disease that needs to be controlled (Darvall, 2017), and classified as terrorists (Baker, Gabrielatos, & McEnery, 2013). The changing global climate involving civil war in the Middle East, the refugee crisis, terrorism, and political tensions in
Extractor efficiency and critical phosphorus levels for establishing pasture in Amazonas

: The Mehlich-1 extractor is the most used in Brazil, however it extracts low phosphorus (P) levels in soils with high clay levels and iron-bound (Fe) and aluminum (Al) fractions. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the P availability and fertility classes in Yellow Latosol (YL) and Gleysol Haplicum (GH) soils using Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 and anion exchange resin extractors, as well as to estimate the critical P levels in the soil and in plants for establishing Urochloa humidicola cv. Common. All extractors were efficient in evaluating the availability of P in the soil, however the anion exchange resin showed a high correlation with the P accumulation in the shoot, which can be considered the most efficient method in P extraction. However, we recommend the Mehlich-3 extractor due to its high efficiency in extracting the P linked to the Fe and Al fractions, in addition to being a multi-element extractor. The critical level of P in the soil for establishing U. humidicola by Mehlich-3 in YL is 10.32 mg dm -3 , while it is 7.46 mg dm -3 in GH. The critical P level in plants grown in YL is 1.20 mg dm -3 , and it is 1.54 mg dm -3 in GH. The estimated phosphate doses can be recommended for cultivating U. humidicola and can serve as a reference for future research on correlating and calibrating P doses.
Paleostress and outcrop fracture analysis along Himalayan Foothills (Eastern Salt Range), Potwar Plateau, NW Himalaya, Pakistan

The Salt Range (SR) is an ENE-WSW trending fault bend fold that form the range front of the Himalayan fold and thrust belt in Pakistan. The research is carried out in the Eastern Salt Range (ESR) with the objective to determine the paleostress inversion from reduced stress tensors by using fracture data. The surface morphology of the fold is predominantly shaped by Eocene limestone that provide best exposure of joint surfaces that can be used for kinematic and dynamic analysis. We adopted a classical circle inventory method in the field and collected orientation data (dip amount, direction, and strike) from 7 localities (outcrop stations) of the Eocene Sakesar Limestone. Three prominent fracture trends are present in the study area namely, FS-1; (E-W), FS-2; (ENE-WSW) and FS-3; (NNE-SSW). For stress analysis and data processing we used the Tensor Program of Delvaux and Sperner (2003) and calculated seven stress fields by the Right Dihedron Method. The orientations of the principal stress axes (ϭ1, ϭ2, ϭ3) and Stress Ratio (R) depicts ϭ1(Shmax) and ϭ2 are sub-horizontal while ϭ3 is vertical in all stress tensors. The paleostress results show that ϭ1(Shmax) oriented NNE-SSW belonging to a compressive regime. It is suggested that ϭ1 developed more or less perpendicular to the trend of SRT and other relevant structures in the Potwar Plateau.
Stomatal, mesophyll and biochemical limitations to soil drought and rewatering in relation to intrinsic water-use efficiency in Manchurian ash and Mongolian oak

The balance between stomatal and mesophyll conductance has been reported to directly influence intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi), but it is unclear whether variations in stomatal and mesophyll limitations (lsc and lm, respectively) affect WUEi during soil drought and rewatering. Limitations (lsc, lm and biochemical limitation, lb) and WUEi were measured in Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.) and Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fish. ex Ledeb) saplings exposed to two levels of water stress (moderate and severe) and rewatering in this study. The primary limiting factors for photosynthesis among lsc, lm, and lb and their correlations with WUEi were assessed. Both lsc and lm increased with water stress, while lb decreased, and during recovery, lsc and lm decreased, while lb increased. Photosynthesis limitations directly influenced WUEi, with WUEi being larger after rewatering than during water stress, increasing as biochemical capacity weakened at the expense of diffusional limitations (lsc and lm). Stomatal closure was more limiting to net photosynthesis in Mongolian oak than in Manchurian ash during the drought and recovery treatments; consistently higher WUEi was measured in the former species, possibly due to a more developed root system and larger leaf hydraulic conductance and stem vessel diameter in the former species.
Two dialogical theorisations of children’s encounters in more-than-human worlds involving metaphor

This article generates two dialogical theorisations of young children’s encounters in more-than-human worlds involving metaphor. The first theorisation devises metaphor as an entry point into the dialogues of more-than-humans and includes rare attention to metaphors as multimodal intra-action. The second theorisation provides an alternative to Linell’s view that relation with non-humans would be merely a metaphorical extension of dialogue, ‘as if’ they were human. Instead, a new model recognises the potential for dialogue as a relational engagement with otherness in a more-than-human-centric approach. The theorisations underpin interpretations of a range of early childhood play episodes with protagonists: sand, paper, tissue and plastic. The materials are beyond any assumed instrumental interaction waiting to be acted upon by humans; rather, they can be in social and material worlds, meeting places, of more-than-humans intra-acting. Penny Lawrence has proposed attending to the quality of relation in dialogues. The significance of these theorisations is for more-than-human study of any encounter to take account of the potential for dialogue, and for studies of dialogue to take account of the more-than-human. In particular, the processes of blending in multimodal metaphorical co-constitutive processes offer notable insights into intra-actions within more-than-human dialogues.
Exploring timescales of predictability in species distributions

forecasts, suggesting potential for skillful ecological forecasts of swordfish distributions across short (seasonal) and long (climate) timescales. Understanding sources of prediction skill for species environmental responses gives confidence in our ability to accurately predict species distributions and abundance, and to know which responses are likely less predictable, under future climate change. This is important as climate change continues to cause an unprecedented redistribution of life on Earth. plots (I and J) show the spatially-averaged observed and decomposed sea surface temperature from 1998 to 2016, and were smoothed for illustrative purposes. Decomposition separated sea surface temperature into three component parts: a monthly climatology, a low frequency signal capturing interannual variability, and a high frequency signal capturing the remaining variability on sub-annual timescales.
The Cyclical Relationship of Peace and Trust

ABSTRACT This paper examines many instances of the same investment game to explore the questions of how violence affects trusting and trustworthy behaviors and how those behaviors affect a country’s level of violence or peacefulness. Average responses of players in the investment game are compared across countries experiencing varying degrees of peacefulness or conflict. The primary finding is that a macroeconomic peace index can predict trusting behavior but has no effect on trustworthy behavior. Trustworthiness, on the other hand, affects peacefulness. It is necessary, then for policymakers to foster trust and trustworthiness among individuals in order to maintain peace, and they must work to rebuild macroeconomic institutions to restore trust, to repair communities, and to revitalize economies after conflict.
Accommodations and academic performance: First-year university students with disabilities

Despite growing enrollment of university students with disabilities, they have not achieved academic parity with their non-disabled peers. This study matched 71 first-year university students with disabilities and students without disabilities on three variables: high school average when admitted to university, gender, and program of study. Both groups of students were compared on three measures of academic performance: GPA, failed courses, and dropped courses after first year of university. The relationship between accommodations and academic performance was also analyzed for students with disabilities. Evenwhen matched on admission average, gender, and program of study, students with disabilities had a significantly lower GPA and were more likely to fail courses in their first year than their peers without disabilities. While note-taking in the classroom was associated with being less likely to drop a course, it was also associated with poorer academic performance, as was using a calculator or alternate format during exams. The more accommodations students lost in the transition from high school, the worse they performed academically at university. Students who lost human assistant support in the classroom and theuse of a computer or a memory aid during exams had a significantly lower GPA and were more likely to fail courses in their first year of university compared with students who did not lose these accommodations. These findings have implications for accessibility offices and universities in supporting the access needs and academic success of students with disabilities.
The effect of evaluative language on high- and low-graded post-graduate students’ academic writing ability across gender

Abstract Inspired by appraisal theory, the current study looked into the effect of using evaluative language on high- and low-graded post-graduate students’ academic writing in an EFL context across male and female groups. Participants were 60 MA students of TEFL who were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. Attitudinal and Graduation resources of evaluative language were taught to raise the students’ critical stance in academic writing. Conventional writing instruction was provided for the control group. The writing pre- and post-test was the main instrument in order to investigate the difference between the students’ performance in the study groups. Findings revealed that evaluative language could significantly result in increasing the post-graduate students’ academic writing ability, while no significant difference was resulted between the male and female groups. High-graded students were also found to act significantly better than the low-graded ones in writing academically. The results of the study revealed that evaluative language can contribute to the post-graduate students’ possessions of critical stance in writing academically, which helps the writer to make a dialogic interaction with the reader.
Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Struktur Modal pada Perusahaan Building Construction yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Capital is very important for a company to run the business. Problems that often occur in the business are problems of lack of funds or capital. The need for capital for a company is very important in terms to grow and also the sustainability of a company. This study aims to find out the effect of profitability, liquidity, asset structure and firm size on the capital structure. This research conducted on the building construction company period 2015-2018 that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Sample of this study consists of 55 building construction companies. The sample in this research was determined by purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique is the multiple linear regression analysis. The conclusion of this research is that profitability and asset structure do not effect the capital structure but liquidity and firm size do effect the capital structure. Modal sangat penting bagi suatu perusahaan untuk mulai beroperasi. Masalah-masalah yang sering terjadi di dunia bisnis adalah masalah kekurangan dana atau modal. Kebutuhan akan modal bagi suatu perusahaan sangatlah penting dalam hal membangun dan juga menjamin berlangsungnya suatu perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh profitabilitas, likuiditas, struktur aset dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap struktur modal. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan building construction periode 2015-2018 yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sampel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 55 perusahaan building conctruction. Sampel dalam penelitian ini ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah profitabilitas dan struktur aset tidak berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal sedangkan likuiditas dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap struktur modal.
A study on knowledge, attitude and practices regarding antenatal care among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at a tertiary care hospital

Background: The maternal health level of Indian women was noticed to be inferior as compared to other developed countries. Antenatal care is the clinical assessment of both mother and foetus, during the period of pregnancy. Safe motherhood by providing good antenatal care (ANC) is very crucial to reduce maternal mortality ratio and infant mortality rate and to achieve millennium development goals. The objectives of this study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice on ANC among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic and their association with several sociodemographic factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 200 pregnant women in their 3rd trimester attending the OPD in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Gurugram, Haryana. Predesigned questionnaire was used for collecting data by interview after obtaining informed consent.Results: This study revealed that about 55% women had adequate knowledge regarding ANC. It was found that almost all the variables such as age, parity, level of education, occupation and type of family had a significant association with awareness about ANC. 90% women were having a positive attitude towards ANC. Around 70%, women were practicing this adequately.Conclusions: These results can be used to design a Health Intervention Program targeting to upgrade the maternal health practices and ultimately progress the health status of the women.
The Magnitude and Functionality of SARS-CoV-2 Reactive Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Transplant Population Is Similar to the General Population Despite Immunosuppression

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background. The ability of transplant (Tx) patients to generate a protective antiviral response under immunosuppression is pivotal in COVID-19 infection. However, analysis of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is currently lacking. Methods. Here, we analyzed T cell immunity directed against SARS-CoV-2 spike-, membrane-, and nucleocapsid-protein by flow cytometry and spike-specific neutralizing antibodies in 10 Tx in comparison to 26 nonimmunosuppressed (non-Tx) COVID-19 patients. Results. Tx patients (7 renal, 1 lung, and 2 combined pancreas-kidney Txs) were recruited in this study during the acute phase of COVID-19 with a median time after SARS-CoV-2-positivity of 3 and 4 d for non-Tx and Tx patients, respectively. Despite immunosuppression, we detected antiviral CD4+ T cell-response in 90% of Tx patients. SARS-CoV-2–reactive CD4+ T cells produced multiple proinflammatory cytokines, indicating their potential protective capacity. Neutralizing antibody titers did not differ between groups. SARS-CoV-2–reactive CD8+ T cells targeting membrane- and spike-protein were lower in Tx patients, albeit without statistical significance. However, frequencies of anti-nucleocapsid–protein-reactive, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 polyfunctional CD8+ T cells, were similar between patient cohorts. Tx patients showed features of a prematurely aged adaptive immune system, but equal frequencies of SARS-CoV-2–reactive memory T cells. Conclusions. In conclusion, a polyfunctional T cell immunity directed against SARS-CoV-2 proteins as well as neutralizing antibodies can be generated in Tx patients despite immunosuppression. In comparison to nonimmunosuppressed patients, no differences in humoral and cellular antiviral-immunity were found. Our data presenting the ability to generate SARS-CoV-2–specific immunity in immunosuppressed patients have implications for the handling of SARS-CoV-2–infected Tx patients and raise hopes for effective vaccination in this cohort.
Robotic tools, native matter: workflow and methods for geomaterial reconstitution using additive manufacturing

Recent advancements in on-site robotic construction allow a direct modulation of native soil into architecture. To date, this was mainly explored for extra-terrestrial construction. To promote geomaterial reconstitution in architecture, the paper presents a workflow and methods for additive manufacturing, explored using desert soil and a robotic tool. The workflow provides the steps for linking site, material, design, and fabrication, including the robotic setup, simulation, and technical analysis. The paper explores three methods: continuous, discrete, and a method termed here multimode additive. These methods are demonstrated through experiments detailing their design and fabrication processes, and the paper concludes with their comparative analysis. The research expands additive manufacturing with earthen materials, and the outcomes indicate a potential for combining computational design, robotic fabrication, and manual assembly. The paper also clarifies and expands existing terminology regarding part-to-whole relationships in on-site robotic fabrication, promoting resource-conscious, site-tailored additive manufacturing in architecture.
Prognostic analysis of neutralizing antibody levels in patients with COVID-19

Background In the high incidence period of COVID-19, it is very important to quickly classify and evaluate the prognosis of patients through limited clinical antibody data. Methods Chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect serum IgM and IgG concentrations in 1951 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and R language was used to analyze the influence of factors such as antibody, age, gender and concomitant diseases on the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 patients. Results The results showed that the incidence of COVID-19 was consistent with the characteristics of the elderly, and patients with hypertension, diabetes, stroke, hypoalbuminemia and anemia were at increased risk of critical illness (p < 0.05). The analysis of antibodies results showed that there were no significant difference in antibodies concentration between COVID-19 patients of different ages. While there were no significant difference in antibodies concentration between mild and severe patients, the expression levels of serum IgM and IgG in critically ill patients decreased (p = 0.000 and 0.013), and high IgM and IgG concentration could reduce the incidence of critical illness (p = 0.003 and 0.015). Except in the 41–60 and 91–100 age groups, the simultaneous low expression of IgM and IgG in COVID-19 patients was significantly positively correlated with the severity of illness (p = 0.000). Conclusions IgM and IgG were important prognostic factors for COVID-19 patients. It was hence vital to carry out special clinical classification for the management and early intervention for patients with low IgM/IgG concentrations and with concomitant diseases.
Procedural (In)Justice as Inclusivity and Marginalization: Evidence from a Longitudinal Sample of Mexican-American Adolescents

Objectives: Treatment by law enforcement officers, as representatives of the state that interact with individual citizens, may signal to individuals their political and social inclusion within society. Hispanics, as the largest minority group in the country that oftentimes must navigate two cultural identities, may be especially sensitive to the treatment of police. We test the group engagement model’s implication that procedural justice—or lack thereof—may promote or hinder attachment to the United States and/or Mexico among Latino/a adolescents and young adults. Methods: Using a fixed effects panel design with a subsample of Mexican Americans from the Pathways to Desistance Study, we examine whether changes in subjective procedural justice evaluations of the police are related to changes in National identification. Results: Changes in procedural justice perceptions are significantly related to changes in Mexican identification, whereas procedural justice is not related to changes in Anglo identification. Although, consistent with segmented assimilation theory, the relationships between changes in procedural justice and Mexican/Anglo identification may be stronger among participants born in the United States. Conclusions: The findings are generally consistent with the group engagement model of procedural justice and suggest procedural injustice may alienate Hispanics.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Language Following Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy Primed with Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation in 13 Patients with Post-Stroke Aphasia

Background Aphasia is a debilitating consequence of stroke. This study aimed to investigate the role of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation changes during overt language tasks in promoting language improvements following constraint-induced aphasia therapy (CIAT) primed with intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) in 13 patients with aphasia following ischemic stroke. Material/Methods Participants with post-stroke aphasia participated in CIAT primed with iTBS on 10 consecutive weekdays. They also underwent language testing and fMRI while performing overt language tasks at baseline (N=13), immediately post-treatment (N=13), and after 3 months (N=12). Outcome measures were compared between time points, and relationships between changes in language ability and fMRI activation were examined. Results We observed improvements in naming (p<0.001), aphasia symptoms (p=0.038), apraxia of speech symptoms (p=0.040), perception of everyday communicative ability (p=0.001), and the number of spoken words produced during fMRI (p=0.028). Pre- to post-treatment change in naming was negatively correlated with change in right postcentral gyrus activation related to noun-verb associations (rho=−0.554, p=0.0497). Change in aphasia symptoms from immediately after to 3 months post-treatment was negatively correlated with change in bilateral supplementary motor area activation related to verbal encoding (rho=−0.790, p=0.0022). Conclusions Aphasia improvements coupled with fMRI activation changes over time provide support for treatment-induced neuroplasticity with CIAT primed with iTBS. However, a larger randomized sham-controlled study is warranted to confirm our findings and further our understanding of how iTBS can potentiate beneficial effects of language therapy in post-stroke aphasia.