Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seeding Rates and Productivity of Broadcast Interseeded Cover Crops

Broadcast interseeding cover crops into corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ) instead of drill-planting after harvest extends the cover crop season and improves productivity, but establishment can be insufficient. Our objectives were to find broadcast seeding rates that result in maximum spring biomass and N uptake. We tested cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) in south-central and eastern Nebraska in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018. Seeding rates for rye were 341, 512, and 682 seeds∙m−2, and 119, 178, and 238 seeds∙m−2 for vetch. We broadcast in late September and terminated by early May. Fall emergence was between 3 and 54% of broadcast seeds, and greater for vetch. When broadcast into corn, rye spring biomass was 1472 kg∙ha−1 with N uptake of 38 kg∙ha−1. Vetch biomass was 361 kg∙ha−1 with 13 kg∙ha−1 N uptake. In soybean, rye produced 2318 kg∙ha−1 with 59 kg N∙ha−1 and vetch produced 535 kg∙ha−1 with 21 kg N∙ha−1. Higher seeding rates increased biomass and N uptake only for rye broadcast into corn. Year and site effects and possibly differences in main crops influenced cover crop productivity.
Thin Titanium Dioxide Film Electrodes Prepared by Thermal Oxidation

Effects of temperatures, at which TiO 2-x electrodes were prepared by thermal oxidation from titanium sheet metals, as well as platinum loading, on electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties have been studied and the results are reported. Titanium dioxide electrodes prepared at higher temperatures were found to have slightly more negative flat-band potentials and significantly higher donor densities than their low temperature counterparts. Platinum loading showed a similar effect to a lesser extent
Deuterium retention in liquid tin exposed to atomic deuterium flux

Liquid tin samples at a temperature of 250 °C were exposed to neutral deuterium atoms at a flux of about 1024 m−2 s−1. The source of deuterium (D) atoms was the flowing afterglow of a low-pressure deuterium plasma sustained with a microwave discharge in the surfatron mode. The samples were analyzed by thermal desorption spectroscopy and time of flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry. An immeasurably low concentration of deuterium was detected in the pure tin. However, within the native layer of tin oxide, up to 165 ppm D/Sn was absorbed while the sample was exposed to D atoms. The deuterium concentration in the solid samples peaked at the D fluence of about 5 × 1025 m−2. At the fluence of several 1026 m−2 the concentration dropped below the detection limit, which was about 50 ppb D/Sn. The results were explained by the reduction of the oxide film under exposure to D atoms at large fluences. Thus, the retention of hydrogen isotopes in the liquid tin divertor of a fusion reactor is unlikely since the effect of the plasma makes it possible to reduce the tin oxide layer.
Developing Mindful Organizing in Teams: A Participation Climate is not Enough, Teams Need to Feel Safe to Challenge their Leaders

Mindful organizing (also known as collective mindfulness) is a collective capability that allows teams to anticipate and swiftly recover from unexpected events. This collective capability is especially relevant in high-risk environments where reliability in performance is of utmost importance. In this paper, we build on current mindful organizing theory by showing how two front-line communication and participatory conditions (perceived safety for upward dissent and climate for employee engagement) interact to predict mindful organizing. We shed light on the controversy around mindful organizing’s effect on team’s subjective experience at work by showing that it leads to greater team job satisfaction and thus lowers individual turnover intentions. These relationships were tested using a time-lagged design with two data-collection points using a sample of 47 teams within the nuclear power industry.
Labor Complicated by Cervical Stenosis Following a Laser Cone Biopsy

A 34-year-old lady, with three previous spontaneous vaginal deliveries, presented in labor at 37 + 0 weeks’ gestation. Following the birth of her third child, she underwent a laser cone biopsy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3. Despite sustained regular contractions and augmentation with Syntocinon, progressive cervical dilatation beyond 1 cm failed to occur in this multiparous lady. A delayed diagnosis of cervical stenosis was made. She eventually underwent a cesarean section where her internal cervical os was found to be thin and fibrotic. This case describes an uncommon occurrence of cervical stenosis presenting in labor and seeks to increase awareness of this condition so as to allow preemptive counselling of similar patients, early recognition in a labor with poor progress and a swift, better-informed decision to deliver via an emergency cesarean section. We review the existing literature on cervical stenosis following cervical conization and analyze the various definitions available.
Effects of Light-Emitting Diodes on the Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds and Glucosinolates in Brassica juncea Sprouts

Recent improvements in light-emitting diode (LED) technology afford an excellent opportunity to investigate the relationship between different light sources and plant metabolites. Accordingly, the goal of the present study was to determine the effect of different LED (white, blue, and red) treatments on the contents of glucosinolates (glucoiberin, gluconapin, sinigrin, gluconasturtiin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, and neoglucobrassicin) and phenolic compounds (4-hydroxybenzonate, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeate, gallate, sinapate, and quercetin) in Brassica juncea sprouts. The sprouts were grown in a growth chamber at 25 °C under irradiation with white, blue, or red LED with a flux rate of 90 μmol·m−2·s−1 and a long-day photoperiod (16 h light/8 h dark cycle). Marked differences in desulfoglucosinolate contents were observed in response to treatment with different LEDs and different treatment durations. In addition, the highest total desulfoglucosinolate content was observed in response to white LED light treatment, followed by treatment with red LED light, and then blue LED light. Among the individual desulfoglucosinolates identified in the sprouts, sinigrin exhibited the highest content, which was observed after three weeks of white LED light treatment. The highest total phenolic contents were recorded after one week of white and blue LED light treatment, whereas blue LED irradiation increased the production of most of the phenolic compounds identified, including 4-hydroxybenzonate, gallate, sinapate, caffeate, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid. The production of phenolics decreased gradually with increasing duration of LED light treatment, whereas anthocyanin accumulation showed a progressive increase during the treatment. These findings indicate that white LED light is appropriate for glucosinolate accumulation, whereas blue LED light is effective in increasing the production of phenolic compounds in B. juncea sprouts.
All Power to the Party! The Sources of Ruling Party Strength in Authoritarian Regimes

Abstract The role of political parties in facilitating authoritarian rule has been the subject of extensive research, but parties vary widely in their institutional strength to perform regime-bolstering functions. This article synthesizes existing literature to develop a general theory that explains the sources of ruling party strength in autocracies. We argue that party strength stems from a strategic calculation by political actors who weigh the benefits of building a strong party against its costs. The relative benefits of strong parties depend on the stage of the authoritarian life cycle and factors specific to the strategic environment. The observable implications of the theory are tested using a dataset that includes all autocratic ruling parties that were in power between 1940 and 2015. Consistent with our argument, parties that originated from revolutions tend to be the strongest, whereas those created to support an incumbent dictator tend to be the weakest. A country's resource endowments and external environment also shape the dynamics for party building.
Effect of soil substrate on the chemical composition of fruit of some tomato cultivars grown in an unheated plastic tunnel

The effect of cultivar and soil substrate on the chemical composition of tomato fruit was studied in an experiment conducted over the years 2004-2006 in an unheated plastic tunnel. The experimental materials comprised eight tomato cultivars: Atut F1, Baron F1, Bekas F1, Carmello F1, Gracja F1, Ognik F1, S3onka F1, Terra F1, as well as two types of soil: peat substrate purchas and hotbed soil. Tomato fruit was assayed for the content of: dry matter, L-ascorbic acid, total sugars, simple sugars, organic acids and nitrates. The levels of dry matter and L-ascorbic acid in tomato fruit were found to be significantly dependent on both the cultivar and the cultivar-substrate interaction. Cultivar Atut F1 had the lowest water content of fruit, while cv. Terra F1 was the richest source of L-ascorbic acid. The fruit of tomato cultivars grown in hotbed soil accumulated more dry matter. Hotbed soil, compared to peat substrate, had a more beneficial influence on the concentrations of sugars and nitrates in tomato fruit. The average N-NO3 content of the fruit of the investigated tomato cultivars was below the maximum permissible level, whose exceedance would pose a hazard to human health. The fruit of all tomato cultivars accumulated more nitrates when grown in peat substrate. The lowest nitrate content was recorded in cv. Bekas F1.
Analysis of open and laparoscopic liver resections in a German high-volume liver tumor center

Department of Visceral-, Transplant-, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Division of Hepatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Contributions: (I) Conception and design: R Sucher, H Guice, D Seehofer; (II) Administrative support: H Guice, S Recknagel, A Lederer, S Rademacher, K Semmling, U Scheuermann; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: H Guice, S Recknagel; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: H Guice; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: R Sucher, H Guice, E Sucher, D Seehofer; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. These authors contributed equally to this work as co-first authors. Correspondence to: Robert Sucher, MD. Department of Visceral-, Transplant-, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Email: robert.sucher@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
Accounting for infrastructure assets in the public sector: The state of the art in academic research and international standards setting

ABSTRACT The political, social and economic importance of public sector infrastructure assets means that they need to be accurately accounted for in financial statements. Research interest in this issue grew in the mid 1980s as a result of concerns over the deterioration of public infrastructure and as a consequence of the shift towards the use of accrual accounting in the public sector. After more than 30 years of debate, there is still no consensus in the academic literature regarding the best accounting treatment for infrastructure assets. Following a request from the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB), the authors examined the existing international literature to define the state of the art in academic research. In this paper, they also examine and compare different countries’ approaches to standard setting in this area. This paper looks at the seven key issues identified by IPSASB. IMPACT Infrastructure assets in the public sector account for a large proportion of total assets and are a major source of government spending but, in spite of their importance, there is no consensus about the proper accounting treatment for these economic resources in either the academic literature or at the standard setting level. This paper brings policy-makers and practitioners up to date with this issue, analysing and comparing the main accounting rules at international level.
Optimum compositions of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for direct dimethyl ether fuel cell

We investigated the effects of the compositions of catalyst layers and diffusion layers on performances of the membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for direct dimethyl ether fuel cell. The performances of the MEAs with different thicknesses of Nafion membranes were compared in this work. The optimal compositions in the anode are: 20 wt% Nafion content and 3.6 mg cm−2 Pt loading in the catalyst layer, and 30 wt% PTFE content and 1 mg cm−2 carbon black loading in the diffusion layer. In the cathode, MEA with 20 wt% Nafion content in the catalyst layer and 30 wt% PTFE content in the diffusion layer presented the optimal performance. The MEA with Nafion 115 membrane displayed the highest maximum power density of 46 mW cm−2 among the three MEAs with different Nafion membranes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microbial immobilization of ammonium and nitrate fertilizers induced by starch and cellulose in an agricultural soil

ABSTRACT Combined applications of plant residues and nitrogen (N) fertilizer in agroecosystems may increase N immobilization and reduce N loss through microbial propagation using fresh organic matter (FOM). However, the effects of different carbon (C) availabilities in FOM to microbes on the immobilization of two forms of fertilizer-N (NH4 +-N and NO3 −-N) are still not clear. In this study, starch (high availability) and cellulose (low availability) were used to represent different polysaccharides in crop residues, and their effects on the immobilization of two forms of fertilizer-N (NH4 +-N and NO3 −-N) were investigated. Following the additions of polysaccharides and 15N (99.9 atom %) (2.1 g C kg−1 soil and 100 mg N kg−1 soil), we measured soil respiration and traced immobilized fertilizer-N over 48 days. The starch addition quickly depleted mineral N (on day 3) while cellulose caused a slow but continuous immobilization for 4 weeks. Despite the same amount of C and N input, the maximum fertilizer-N immobilization in the cellulose treatment was lower than in the starch treatment and accounted for 56% and 40% of added N for NH4 +-N and NO3 −-N forms, respectively. NH4 +-N was preferentially immobilized over NO3 −-N in the cellulose treatment during incubation, but it also occurred in the starch treatment when mineral N was sufficient. Our results suggest that it was not the abundance of C, but rather the availability of C to microbes, that strongly determined the rate and capacity of fertilizer-N immobilization. Further, the preferential immobilization of NH4 +-N highlighted that the use of ammonium-based fertilizer can increase the level of fertilizer-N immobilization.
Relationship between government expenditure and economic growth: evidence from Vanuatu

Abstract This study examines the impact of government expenditure on economic growth in Vanuatu for the period 1981 to 2016. We first examined the effects of government expenditure on economic growth when government expenditure is financed by tax revenues, non-tax revenues, and budget deficit/surplus. Secondly, we examined the effects of government expenditure compositions on economic growth. Thirdly, we tested for weak exogeneity of fiscal factors on investment. We observed that fiscal factors and investment have causal effects on economic growth in Vanuatu. More specifically, government expenditure negatively influences long-run economic growth when financed by tax revenues, but positively influences long-run economic growth when financed by other sources such as non-tax revenues and budget surplus/deficit. We further noted that amongst expenditure compositions, expenditure on education, health, wages & salaries, agriculture, and interest payments individually has larger effects on the long-run economic growth than the remaining expenditure composition as a whole.
Rapid impact of
 Impatiens glandulifera
 control on above‐ and belowground invertebrate communities

The annual plant Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) is the most widespread in vasive non-native weed in the British Isles. Manual control is widely used, but is costly and laborious. Recently, biological control using the rust fungus Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae has been trialled. We designed an experiment to assess the impact of these control methods on invertebrate communities in relation to unmanaged and uninvaded habitats, and to determine whether mycorrhizal inoculation aided post-control recovery of these communities. Sixty invaded and twenty uninvaded field soil blocks were transplanted to the experiment site, where a mycorrhizal inoculum was added to half of all blocks. Biological and mechanical control treatments were applied to twenty invaded blocks independently; the twenty remaining invaded blocks were left intact. Above- and belowground invertebrate samples were collected from the blocks at the end of the growing season. Overall, aboveground invertebrate abun dance increased with the removal of I. glandulifera , and several groups showed signs of recovery within one growing season. The effect of mechanical control was more variable in belowground invertebrates. Biological control did not affect aboveground invertebrate abundance but resulted in large increases in populations of belowground Collembola. Our experiment demonstrates that mechanical removal of I. glandulifera can cause rapid increases in invertebrate abundance and that its biological control with P. komarovii var. glanduliferae also has the potential to benefit native invertebrate communities.
News Sentiment in Bankruptcy Prediction Models: Evidence from Russian Retail Companies

This study is aimed at investigating the application of news sentiment analysis to bankruptcy prediction models in the context of the Russian retail sector. We analyse 190 companies: 95 Russian retail companies that went bankrupt in 2015-2019, and 95 non-defaulting analogue companies. This figure was attained from a larger pool of 312 companies retrieved from the Spark database on the basis of analysis of relevant financial data and further validated by the presence of pertinent news media coverage within 3 years of default date. The methodological base of this analysis is the logistic regression approach, used as a benchmark model, and several machine learning models: random forest, support vector machine, and multilayer perceptron. The predictor set applied consists of 34 financial variables and sentiment variables, aggregated using the ‘bag-of-words’ from a total sample of 4877 news articles, from more than 800 distinct online resource locations. We establish a set of hypotheses based on a review of existing literature in the area, and evaluate their accuracy on the basis of our technical analysis. Our results show that sentiment variables are statistically significant, and that adding sentiment variables improves the performance of bankruptcy prediction models. Also, the results indicate some reference characteristics of companies in terms of word-choice and descriptions in the news, indicating word choices correlated with financially stability and those correlated with financially instability.
Pro-Environmental Behavior, Connectedness to Nature, and Wellbeing Dimensions among Granada Students

This paper aims to answer the following research questions: Are there differences between individual and collective pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) in their relationship with wellbeing? What role does connectedness to nature play in those relationships? We understand individual PEBs as efforts to consume less and to reduce the environmental impact of consumption, whereas we define collaborative PEBs in terms of environmental activism. We consider connectedness to nature as a potential factor moderating the relationship between PEBs and wellbeing. The study incorporates several dimensions of wellbeing: cognitive, affective and eudaimonic. We use regression analysis to study the extent to which individual and collective PEBs explain the three wellbeing dimensions and we explore the moderating role of connectedness to nature using data from a sample of 973 students at the University of Granada (Spain). Results indicate that individual PEBs are positively related to the eudaimonic dimension of wellbeing but they do not explain the cognitive and affective dimensions. In contrast, collaborative PEB is negatively related to life satisfaction, our measure of the cognitive dimension, but not significantly related to the other wellbeing measures. Based on this evidence, we can answer our first research question in the affirmative. As for the second question, our results suggest that connectedness to nature plays a moderating role in the relationship between life satisfaction and collaborative PEBs, as the initially negative relationship is reversed when people feel highly connected to nature.
Transverse Shrinkage of Coniferous Wood Cells Examined Using Replica Method and Power Spectrum Analysis

The shrinkage behavior of coniferous wood cells was investigated by the power spectrum analysis as well as by the replica method. During drying, cell lumens shrank in normal wood and expanded in compression wood, depending on their cell wall structures. The tracheids of Agathis bornensis with no distinct growth rings also showed the anisotropic shrinkage. The representative cell models before and after shrinkage constructed by the power spectrum analysis revealed that the difference in the anisotropic shrinkage among wood species greatly depended on their transverse cell shapes.
Evaluation and Quantification of the Effects of Climate and Vegetation Cover Change on Karst Water Sources: Case Studies of Two Springs in South-Western Slovenia

Karst aquifers hold important water resources such as regional water budgets and freshwater supply. Due to highly dynamic hydrological processes in comparison to other less permeable systems, they are particularly susceptible to environmental changes. However, little research directly characterizes the impacts of climate and vegetation cover changes on karst water sources. In this study, we aimed to evaluate individual long-term impacts and impacts of sudden large-scale forest disturbances on changes in groundwater recharge and in spring discharge. The work is based on temporal analysis of forest cover and a comparison of trend analysis of hydro-meteorological parameters. To investigate and evaluate vegetation cover change impacts on groundwater recharge, we used a soil water balance model and compared estimated actual daily values of effective precipitation to its fictional estimation disregarding the vegetation cover change. The applied methodology enabled quantification of the impacts of climate and vegetation cover change on selected karst water sources. The study suggests that the vegetation cover can have a significant impact on the spring recharge. Large-scale disturbances that occurred in a short-term mitigated the effects expected from the trend analysis of hydro-meteorological parameters. In the long-term, in addition to climate changes, the multi-decadal natural vegetation overgrowth significantly contributed to the reduction in the spring’s discharge values, especially in the warm season when water demand is higher. Therefore, the results are of key importance for developing proper water management and environmental policies.