Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BM3D Image Denoising with Shape-Adaptive Principal Component Analysis

We propose an image denoising method that ex- ploits nonlocal image modeling, principal component analysis (PCA), and local shape-adaptive anisotropic estimation. The nonlocal modeling is exploited by grouping similar image patches in 3-D groups. The denoising is performed by shrinkage of the spectrum of a 3-D transform applied on such groups. The effectiveness of the shrinkage depends on the ability of the transform to sparsely represent the true-image data, thus separating it from the noise. We propose to improve the sparsity in two aspects. First, we employ image patches (neighborhoods) which can have data-adaptive shape. Second, we propose PCA on these adaptive-shape neighborhoods as part of the employed 3-D transform. The PCA bases are obtained by eigenvalue decompo- sition of empirical second-moment matrices that are estimated from groups of similar adaptive-shape neighborhoods. We show that the proposed method is competitive and outperforms some of the current best denoising methods, especially in preserving image details and introducing very few artifacts.
Prediction of Resistance Spot Welding Quality Based on BPNN Optimized by Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm

Accurately predicting resistance spot welding (RSW) quality is essential for the manufacturing process. In this study, the RSW process signals of 2219/5A06 aluminum alloy under two assembly conditions (including gap and spacing) were analyzed, and then artificial intelligence modeling was carried out. To improve the performance and efficiency of RSW quality evaluation, this study proposed a multi-signal fusion method that was performed by combining principal component analysis and a correlation analysis. A backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model was optimized using the sine-chaotic-map-improved sparrow search algorithm (SSA), and the input and output of the model were the variables after multi-signal fusion and the button diameter, respectively. Compared with the standard BPNN model, the Sine-SSA-BP model reduced the MAE by 42.33%, MSE by 51.84%, and RMSE by 31.45%. Its R2 coefficient reached 0.6482, which is much higher than that of BP (0.2464). According to various indicators (MAE, MSE, RMSE, and R2), the evaluation performance of the Sine-SSA-BP model was better than that of the standard BPNN model. Compared with other models (BP, GA-BP, PSO-BP, SSA-BP, and Sine-PSO-BP), the evaluation performance of the Sine-SSA-BP model was best, which can successfully predict abnormal spot welds.
The moment of core collapse in star clusters with a mass function

Star clusters with multi-mass components dynamically evolve faster than those modeled with equal-mass components. Using a series of direct $N$-body simulations, we investigate the dynamical evolution of star clusters with mass functions, especially their core collapse time. Multi-mass clusters tend to behave like systems with a smaller number of particles, which we call the effective number of particles ($N_{eff}$) and for which $N_{eff} = M/m_{max}$ (here $M$ and $m_{max}$ are the total cluster mass and the mass of the most massive star in the cluster, respectively). We find that the time of core collapse is inversely proportional to the mass of the most massive star in the cluster and analytically confirm that this is because the core collapse of clusters with a mass function proceeds on the dynamical friction timescale of the most massive stars. As the mass of the most massive star increases, however, the core-collapse time, which is observed as a core bounce of the cluster core from the evolution of the core density or core radius, becomes ambiguous. We find that in that case the total binding energy of the hard binaries gives a good diagnosis for determining the moment of core collapses. Based on the results of our simulations, we argue that the core bounce becomes ambiguous when the mass of the most massive star exceeds 0.1\% of the total mass of the cluster.
Spin transport and polarimetry in the beam delivery system of the international linear collider

Polarised electron and positron beams are key ingredients to the physics programme of future linear colliders. Due to the chiral nature of weak interactions in the Standard Model — and possibly beyond — the knowledge of the luminosity-weighted average beam polarisation at the e+e− interaction point is of similar importance as the knowledge of the luminosity and has to be controlled to permille-level precision in order to fully exploit the physics potential. The current concept to reach this challenging goal combines measurements from Laser-Compton polarimeters before and after the interaction point with measurements at the interaction point. A key element for this enterprise is the understanding of spin-transport effects between the polarimeters and the interaction point as well as collision effects. We show that without collisions, the polarimeters can be cross-calibrated to 0.1 %, and we discuss in detail the impact of collision effects and beam parameters on the polarisation value relevant for the interpretation of the e+e− collision data.
Assessment of the Availability and Accuracy of Dosing Devices Packaged with Oral Liquid Medications in the Ho Municipality of Ghana

Introduction Administering the right dose of medications is essential in avoiding potentially life-threatening adverse drug reactions. Industry guidelines for manufacturers of oral, over-the-counter, and liquid medications recommend including dose-delivery devices with packaging to limit dosing inaccuracy. This study describes the prevalence and accuracy of dosing devices packaged with oral liquid medications in the Ho municipality of Ghana. Methods Dosing device accuracy was determined after deviation of the measured volume from the expected volume was evaluated using the United States Pharmacopoeia criteria. Results A total of 78.6% of the oral liquid medications were packaged with a dosing device. The most common dosing devices were cups (83.6%), followed by spoons (14.3%), droppers (1.4%), and syringes (0.7%). The volumes measured with cups (5.14 ± 0.52 mL, p = 0.006) and spoons (5.3 ± 0.67 mL, p < 0.001) were significantly different from the desired 5 mL volume; this was dissimilar to the volume measured using syringes (5.01 ± 0.02 mL, p > 0.999). Further, the measured volumes for 38.6% and 72.2% of the cups and spoons, respectively, deviated by more than 15% of 5 mL. Conclusion Dosing cups and spoons are associated with significant inaccuracy. Yet, manufacturers continually favour them over syringes in packaging for oral liquid medications. This is unacceptable and of considerable concern due to the risk of variations in therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, strict regulatory directives on the inclusion of accurate dosing devices in the packaging of oral liquid medicines are needed to reduce the possibility of medication errors.
In Vitro Cell Death Mechanisms Induced by Dicoma anomala Root Extract in Combination with ZnPcS4 Mediated-Photodynamic Therapy in A549 Lung Cancer Cells

Globally, lung cancer has remained the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in men and women. To enhance photodynamic therapeutic effects in vitro, the present study was designed to reduce dose-dependence in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and evaluate the anticancer effects of Dicoma anomala (D. anomala) root extracts (i.e., chloroform (Chl), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH)) on A549 lung cancer cells. The most active extract of D. anomala (D.A) was used to establish the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), which was further used to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of D.A in combination with ZnPcS4-mediated PDT IC50. The study further evaluated cell death mechanisms by cell viability/ cytotoxicity (LIVE/DEADTM assay), flow cytometry (Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-propidium iodide (PI) staining), immunofluorescence (p38, p53, Bax, and caspase 3 expressions), and fluorometric multiplex assay (caspase 8 and 9) 24 h post-treatment with IC50 concentrations of ZnPcS4-mediated PDT and D.A MeOH root extract. Morphological changes were accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity, decrease in viability, and proliferation in all experimental models. Apoptosis is the highly favored cell death mechanism observed in combination therapy groups. Apoptotic activities were supported by an increase in the number of dead cells in the LIVE/DEADTM assay, and the upregulation of p38, p53, Bax, caspase 3, 8, and 9 apoptotic proteins. In vitro experiments confirmed the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of D.A root extracts in monotherapy and in combination with ZnPcS4-mediated PDT. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that D.A could be a promising therapeutic candidate worth exploring in different types of cancer.
The semantics of coordination

This study is an attempt to explain coordinate conjoining as a rule-governed process of establishing specific semantic relations within and between sentences. Coordination is thus conceived of both as a basic device of linguistic complex formation and as a rather fundamental principle underlying the creation of the text. From the point of view of achieving coherence, coordinate conjoining is described in this monograph as an integrative process. Described are the conditions governing this process, the rules according to which take place, in short: the complex interaction of various linguistically identifiable features displayed by coordinate structures. Coordinate conjoining is regarded here as the result of the interplay of three factors which belong to distinct levels of semantic description: the meaning of the conjuncts, the relation between the meaning of the conjuncts and the meaning of the connectors. The step-by-step explication of the interaction of these levels in determining the semantic interpretation of coordinate structures forms the core of the present study.
Temporal Variations of Midinfrared Spectra in Late-Type Stars

New multiepoch, midinfrared (8-13 μm) spectrophotometric observations are presented for 30 late-type stars. The observations were collected over a 4 yr period (1994-1997), permitting an investigation of the midinfrared spectral shape as a function of the pulsation cycle (typically 1-2 yr). The spectra of stars with little excess infrared emission and those with carbon-rich dust show the least spectral variability, while stars with evidence for dusty, oxygen-rich envelopes are most likely to show discernible variations in their spectral profile. Most significantly, a large fraction of variable stars with strong 9.7 μm emission features shows clear spectral profile changes, which repeat from one cycle to the next. The significant sharpening of the silicate feature near maximum light cannot be fully explained by heating and cooling of the circumstellar dust shell during the pulsational cycle, suggesting that the dust optical properties themselves must also be varying. In addition, the appearance of a narrow emission feature near the silicate peak for a few stars may require the production of especially "pure" silicate dust near maximum light. The general narrowing of the silicate feature observed may reflect the evolution of the preexisting dirty grains whose surface impurities have been evaporated off when the grain temperature rises preceding maximum light. An improved theory of dust formation that can explain the observed changes in the grain properties around a single, pulsating star may lead to a definitive explanation for the diversity of silicate emission profiles observed among oxygen-rich, late-type stars.
Topological Non-Fermi Liquid

In this paper we investigate the $(2+1)$-dimensional topological non-Fermi liquid in strongly correlated electron system, which has a holographic dual description by Einstein gravity in $(3+1)$-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) space-time. In a dyonic Reissner-Nordstrom black hole background, we consider a Dirac fermion coupled to the background $U(1)$ gauge theory and an intrinsic chiral gauge field $b_M$ induced by chiral anomaly. UV retarded Green's function of the charged fermion in the UV boundary from AdS$_4$ gravity is calculated, by imposing in-falling wave condition at the horizon. We also obtain IR correlation function of the charged fermion at the IR boundary arising from the near horizon geometry of the topological black hole with index $k=0,\pm 1$. By using the UV retarded Green's function and IR correlation function, we analyze the low frequency behavior of the topological non-Fermi liquid at zero and finite temperatures, especially the relevant non-Fermi liquid behavior near the quantum critical region. In addition, we find that when $k=\pm 1$, the effective mass of bulk Dirac fermion at IR fixed point is topologically quantized, consequently the Fermi momentum presents a discrete sparse distributed pattern, in contrary to the Ricci flat case with $k=0$. As demonstrated examples, we calculate the spectral functions of topological non-Fermi liquid due to anomalous Hall effect (AHE) ($|\vec{b}|\ne 0, b_0=0$) and chiral magnetic effect (CME) ($|\vec{b}| = 0, b_0\ne 0$), which can be tested in topological materials such as topological insulator and topological metal with strong couplings.
Jointly estimating recharge and groundwater withdrawals of the NWSAS by inverting GRACE/GRACE-FO gravity data

ABSTRACT A new approach is proposed for estimating groundwater recharge and withdrawals in the North Western Sahara Aquifer System (NWSAS) by inverting 18 years of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE/GRACE-Follow-On) data. In this study, only the groundwater component was found to contribute to GRACE-based terrestrial water storage change. By considering the inter-zone heterogeneity of potential recharge and water withdrawals in the groundwater balance equation, total recharge and water output rates are estimated at both the grid-cell level and on the scale of the whole NWSAS. The total recharge and water-output rates were found to be 1.9 and 5.2 km3/year, respectively, corresponding to −3.3 km3/year of depletion. After subtracting from the total recharge both artificial and assumed-Quaternary recharges, 1 km3/year was found for actual recharge, similar to what is reported elsewhere. For water withdrawal, the estimated rate is 4.75 km3/year, higher than the rates published in other studies. The agreement of our results with those of other authors validates our approach.
SDSS J111010.01+011613.1: A NEW PLANETARY-MASS T DWARF MEMBER OF THE AB DORADUS MOVING GROUP

We present a new radial velocity measurement that, together with a trigonometric parallax, proper motion and signs of low gravity from the literature, confirms that SDSS J111010.01+011613.1 is a new T5.5 bona fide member of AB Doradus. Fitting λ / Δ λ ? > ≈ 6000 Folded-port InfraRed Echellette spectroscopy in the 1.20–1.33 μm region to BT-Settl atmosphere models yielded a radial velocity of 7.5 ± 3.8 km s−1. At such a young age (110–130 Myr), current evolution models predict a mass of ∼10–12 M Jup ? > , thus placing SDSS J1110+0116 well into the planetary-mass regime. We compare the fundamental properties of SDSS J1110+0116 with a sequence of seven recently identified M8–T5 brown dwarf bona fide or high-confidence candidate members of AB Doradus. We also note that its near-infrared J–K color is redder than field T5–T6 brown dwarfs, however its absolute J-band magnitude is similar to them. SDSS J1110+0116 is one of the few age-calibrated T dwarfs known to date, as well as one of the coolest bona fide members of a young moving group.
OPTIMIZATION OF COLD SPLICING PARAMETERS IN CONVEYOR BELT JOINTS ON SHEAR STRENGTH USING TAGUCHI METHOD

In the manufacturing industries, the main problem of material handling process using conveyor belt. Belt that continuously work will have damage or failure, so it repair by cold splicing. The purpose of this study is to see the effect of cold splicing parameters on the shear strength of conveyor belt joints based on variations in the number of belts, bias cut and adhesive thickness. Variations in the number of ply belts used are 2 ply, 3 ply and 4 ply, variations of cut bias 0.3xB, 0.6xB and 0.9xB and variations in the thickness of the adhesive which are 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm. This research was conducted experimentally using the Taguchi method based on shear test data using the Universal Testing Machine. Based on ANOVA value, the number of belt ply was high contribution by 86.22% with F-value = 155.3 and bias cut was lowest contribution by 0.23%.
THE z = 5 QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION FROM SDSS STRIPE 82

We present a measurement of the Type I quasar luminosity function at z = 5 using a large sample of spectroscopically confirmed quasars selected from optical imaging data. We measure the bright end (M1450 < −26) with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data covering ∼6000 deg2, then extend to lower luminosities (M1450 < −24) with newly discovered, faint z ∼ 5 quasars selected from 235 deg2 of deep, coadded imaging in the SDSS Stripe 82 region (the celestial equator in the Southern Galactic Cap). The faint sample includes 14 quasars with spectra obtained as ancillary science targets in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, and 59 quasars observed at the MMT and Magellan telescopes. We construct a well-defined sample of 4.7 < z < 5.1 quasars that is highly complete, with 73 spectroscopic identifications out of 92 candidates. Our color selection method is also highly efficient: of the 73 spectra obtained, 71 are high-redshift quasars. These observations reach below the break in the luminosity function (). The bright-end slope is steep (β ≲ −4), with a constraint of β < −3.1 at 95% confidence. The break luminosity appears to evolve strongly at high redshift, providing an explanation for the flattening of the bright-end slope reported previously. We find a factor of ∼2 greater decrease in the number density of luminous quasars (M1450 < −26) from z = 5 to z = 6 than from z = 4 to z = 5, suggesting a more rapid decline in quasar activity at high redshift than found in previous surveys. Our model for the quasar luminosity function predicts that quasars generate ∼30% of the ionizing photons required to keep hydrogen in the universe ionized at z = 5.
The N2K Consortium. IV. New Temperatures and Metallicities for More than 100,000 FGK Dwarfs

We have created specialized target lists for radial velocity surveys that are biased toward stars that (1) possess planets and (2) are easiest to observe with current detection techniques. We use a procedure that uniformly estimates fundamental stellar properties of Tycho 2 stars, with errors, using spline functions of broadband photometry and proper motion found in Hipparcos/Tycho 2 and 2MASS. We provide estimates of Teff and distance for 2.4 × 106 Tycho 2 stars that lack trigonometric distances. For stars that appear to be FGK dwarfs, we also derive [Fe/H] and identify unresolved binary systems with mass ratios 1.25 < M1/M2 < 3.0. For FGK dwarfs with photometric error σV < 0.05, or V < 9, our temperature model gives a 1 σ error of σT = +58.7/ - 65.9 K and our metallicity model gives a 1 σ error of σ[Fe/H] = +0.13/ - 0.14 dex. The binarity model can be used to remove 70% of doubles with 1.25 < M1/M2 < 3.0 from a magnitude-limited sample of dwarfs at a cost of cutting 20% of the sample. Our estimates of distance and spectral type enable us to isolate 354,822 Tycho 2 dwarfs, 321,996 absent from Hipparcos, with giant contamination of 2.6% and 7.2%, respectively. Roughly 100,000 of these stars, not in Hipparcos, have sufficiently low photometric errors to retain 0.13-0.3 dex [Fe/H] accuracy and 80-100 K temperature accuracy (1 σ). Our metallicity estimates have been used to identify targets for N2K, a large-scale radial velocity search for hot jupiters, which has verified the errors presented here. The catalogs that we publish can be used to further large-scale studies of Galactic structure and chemical evolution and to provide potential reference stars for narrow-angle astrometry programs such as the Space Interferometry Mission and large-aperture optical interferometry.
Study on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Basalt Fiber Reactive Powder Concrete

In order to promote the wide application of reactive powder concrete (RPC) in practical engineering. In this paper, RPC was prepared using conventional and economical natural river sand instead of quartz sand and economical and environmentally friendly basalt fiber (BF) instead of steel fiber, and the macroscopic properties of basalt fiber reactive powder concrete (BFRPC) with different fiber content, such as flowability, failure mode, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength were studied, and the strength calculation formula of BFRPC was established based on the mechanical property results. The microscopic morphology and structure of BFRPC were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Image Pro Plus (IPP) image processing software. The results show that BF has a small effect on the compressive strength of RPC, while it has a significant increase on the splitting tensile strength. When BF content is at 2 kg/m3, the 28-day compressive strength reaches 95.2 MPa and splitting tensile strength reaches 7.78 MPa. Compared with the RPC with BF of 0 kg/m3, the BFRPC shows an improvement in its 28-day compressive strength by 25.70% and an increase in its splitting tensile strength by 83.92%. According to the microscopic analysis, reasonable fiber content can optimize the internal microstructure of BFRPC, but excessive BF content will produce agglomeration and overlap, resulting in strength loss. Based on the gray correlation analysis method, it was concluded that the particle area ratio and pore fraction dimension were the most correlated with the mechanical properties of BFRPC. In addition, the feasibility and applicability of the BFRPC strength calculation formula were summarized. This research results of this paper provides a valuable reference for the further research and promotion of BFRPC.
Dynamics of dusty radiation-pressure-driven shells and clouds: fast outflows from galaxies, star clusters, massive stars, and AGN

It is typically assumed that radiation pressure driven winds are accelerated to an asymptotic velocity of V ~ v_esc, where v_esc is the escape velocity from the central source. We note that this is not the case for dusty shells and clouds. Instead, if the shell or cloud is initially optically-thick to the UV emission from the source of luminosity L, then there is a significant boost in V that reflects the integral of the momentum absorbed as it is accelerated. For shells reaching a generalized Eddington limit, we show that V ~ (4R_UV L/M_sh c)^1/2, in both point-mass and isothermal-sphere potentials, where R_UV is the radius where the shell becomes optically-thin to UV photons, and M_sh is the mass of the shell. The asymptotic velocity significantly exceeds v_esc for typical parameters, and can explain the ~1000-2000km/s outflows observed from rapidly star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei if the surrounding halo has low gas density. Similarly fast outflows from massive stars can be accelerated on few - 10^3 yr timescales. These results carry over to clouds that subtend only a small fraction of the solid angle from the source of radiation and that expand as a consequence of their internal sound speed. We further consider the dynamics of shells that sweep up a dense circumstellar or circumgalactic medium. We calculate the "momentum ratio" Mdot v/(L/c) in the shell limit and show that it can only significantly exceed ~2 if the effective optical depth of the shell to re-radiated FIR photons is much larger than unity. We discuss simple prescriptions for the properties of galactic outflows for use in large-scale cosmological simulations. We also briefly discuss applications to the dusty ejection episodes of massive stars, the disruption of giant molecular clouds, and AGN.