Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) cycling across contrasting biological hotspots of the New Zealand subtropical front

Abstract. The oceanic frontal region above the Chatham Rise east of New Zealand was investigated during the late austral summer season in February and March 2012. Despite its potential importance as a source of marine-originating and climate-relevant compounds, such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and its algal precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), little is known of the processes fuelling the reservoirs of these sulfur (S) compounds in the water masses bordering the subtropical front (STF). This study focused on two opposing short-term fates of DMSP-S following its uptake by microbial organisms (either its conversion into DMS or its assimilation into bacterial biomass) and has not considered dissolved non-volatile degradation products. Sampling took place in three phytoplankton blooms (B1, B2, and B3) with B1 and B3 occurring in relatively nitrate-rich, dinoflagellate-dominated subantarctic waters, and B2 occurring in nitrate-poor subtropical waters dominated by coccolithophores. Concentrations of total DMSP (DMSPt) and DMS were high across the region, up to 160 and 14.5 nmol L−1, respectively. Pools of DMSPt showed a strong association with overall phytoplankton biomass proxied by chlorophyll a (rs = 0.83) likely because of the persistent dominance of dinoflagellates and coccolithophores, both DMSP-rich taxa. Heterotrophic microbes displayed low S assimilation from DMSP (less than 5 %) likely because their S requirements were fulfilled by high DMSP availability. Rates of bacterial protein synthesis were significantly correlated with concentrations of dissolved DMSP (DMSPd, rs = 0.86) as well as with the microbial conversion efficiency of DMSPd into DMS (DMS yield, rs = 0.84). Estimates of the potential contribution of microbially mediated rates of DMS production (0.1–27 nmol L−1 day−1) to the near-surface concentrations of DMS suggest that bacteria alone could not have sustained DMS pools at most stations, indicating an important role for phytoplankton-mediated DMS production. The findings from this study provide crucial information on the distribution and cycling of DMS and DMSP in a critically under-sampled area of the global ocean, and they highlight the importance of oceanic fronts as hotspots of the production of marine biogenic S compounds.
Identification of resistant sources against early blight disease of tomato

One hundred forty two tomato genotypes including wild and cultivated lines were screened for resistance against early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani. Evaluations were conducted in vivo and in vitro for disease severity and host resistance of the plants. Eight lines (EC-520057, EC-520058, EC-520059, EC-520061, EC-508765, EC-538394, H-88-78-1 and EC-501583) showed highly resistant reaction against the fungus; three lines were found resistant, 5 lines moderately resistant whereas 33 lines showed moderately susceptible besides 57 susceptible and 36 highly susceptible lines against the disease under natural epiphytotic condition. Screening under in vitro, revealed that eight genotypes were highly resistant, 3 resistant and 7 as moderately resistant. It was found that the accessions of wild relatives of tomato were highly resistant which may be utilized for the development of pre-bred lines or recombinant inbred lines or in other molecular research activities for the improvement of tomato. Some of the cultivated genotypes as resistant/moderately resistant under in-vivo and in-vitro like H-86, VRT-2, NC EBR-4 and RCMT-1 may directly be promoted for growing in disease prone areas.
Seleção de porta-enxertos resistentes ao cancro da haste e seus efeitos na produtividade de melão 'Bônus nº 2'

The utilization of resistant rootstocks to adverse conditions is an alternative on disease control and the grafting has been detached on the soil pathogen inhabitant control of many fruits and vegetables. The objective of the present research was the selection of resistantes rootstocks to gummy stem blight and evaluates their effects on production of lancewok melon. For the selection of resistance genotypes to D. bryoniae, was utilized 17 cucurbits genotypes. Only the rootstocks: Watermelon Charleston Gray and Round Melon Yellow showed susceptible to the pathogen. For the production effects, was grafted under resistance genotypes, 'Bonus no 2'. The Benicia hispid rootstock is the most indicated to melon.
Gonad development and evidence of protogyny in the red-throat emperor on the Great Barrier Reef

The gonad development in the red-throat emperor Lethrinus miniatus is described and the first detailed evidence for protogyny in this species provided. The identification of transitional individuals, bimodal sex-specific size-frequency distributions and female biased sex ratios suggest that L. miniatus is most likely a protogynous hermaphrodite. Transitional L. miniatus gonadswere characterized by the concurrent degeneration of all oocytes and the proliferation of spermatocysts near the edge of the lamellae, an increase in blood vessels along strands of stromal tissuewithin the lamellae and the formation of multiple sperm sinuses.The sites of oocyte degeneration and proliferationof spermatocysts were spatially segregated. An increase in blood vessels along strands of stromal tissue within the lamellae of transitional phase gonads is likely to assist in the breakdown of oocytes and the proliferation of spermatocysts. Mostmature resting females containing spermatocysts occurred within the transitional size-frequency distribution, suggesting that the presence of spermatocysts in these femalesmay be an early sign of sex change. Oocyteswithin female gonads were interrupted by filamentous strands of stromal tissue within the lamellae. The testis contained a remanent ovarian lumen but no residual oocytes. Three characteristics of transitional L.miniatus gonads were found to be unusual and described for few other species of coral reef fishes. These included the absence ofoocyteswithin testes, increased numbers of blood vessels, and the presence of strands of stromal tissuewithin the lamellae.
Cadmium stress consolation in melatonin supplemented Cucumis sativus through modulation of antioxidative defense system

Current studies elucidate the metal stress attenuation potential of melatonin in Cucumis sativus seedlings growing in cadmium contaminated conditions. Melatonin is an indoleamine molecule, capable of ameliorating environmental stresses and regulate plant growth. Seeds of C. sativus were immersed in different levels of melatonin and grown under cadmium stress for 15 days. Cadmium stress reduced seed germination, growth, biomass production, gas exchange capacity, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll (Chl) content in C. sativus seedlings. The increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) caused oxidative stress in C. sativus plants under cadmium stress. Melatonin application emphatically revamped germination, shoot, and plant biomass production. The melatonin pretreatment aggrandized plant length, root length, and expression of stress related genes (CsHA2, CsHA3, CsHA4, CsHA8 and CsHA9) along with amplification in activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitrate reductase (NR), and ascorbate peroxidase (AP) helping in modulation of cadmium stress in C. sativus seedlings. The improved activity of antioxidant scavengerswas ascribed to the reduced level of H2O2 and MDA in plants under stress. Furthermore, conjugated increase of photosynthetic activity, indole acetic acid contents, and glutathione contents was observed in melatonin treated seedlings in a dose-responsive manner. The present study elicits the metal stress attenuating potential of melatonin by regulating metabolic activities and growth of C. sativus under cadmium stress.
Children Are Sensitive to the Default Verb Order in German Subordinate Clauses: Evidence from ‘because’ Clauses in Spontaneous Speech

As one of the languages with generalized verb-second movement, German places the verb in verb-second position (referred to as V2) in declarative main clauses. In subordinate clauses the verb is placed in final position, i.e., in the right sentence bracket, referred to as V-final (den Besten, 1989). Crucially, the V-final order is assumed to be the default, as it is allowed in all contexts. Some types of subordinate clauses allow V2 placement in addition to the V-final order. V2 is assumed to be the marked verb order: first, it is not possible for all types of subordinate clauses. Second, in clause types that allow variation between V-final and V2, V2 is licensed only in specific contexts. Among the types that allow V2 as well as V-final are certain types of complement clauses (verba dicendi, doxastic predicates, preference predicates, evidential verbs of perception), relative clauses, obwohl ‘although’ clauses, and weil ‘because’ clauses (Reis, 1997, 2013; Gärtner, 2001; Antomo, 2012; Sanfelici, Schulz & Trabandt, 2017). Notably, in all these cases V2 is allowed only if specific licensing conditions are met, i.a. prosodic integration, sentence-final position of the embedded clause (e.g., Antomo & Steinbach, 2010; Antomo, 2012; Reis, 1997). Focusing on weil ‘because’ clauses, the present study investigated children’s sensitivity to the default verb order in subordinate clauses that allow variation between V2 and Vfinal in the target system, as illustrated in (1).
A checklist of the Medusae (Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa and Cubozoa) of Mexico

A list of 169 medusae species in 45 families recorded in Mexican waters is presented for the first time. 86 species (50.8%) were found in the Pacific Ocean, 75 species (44.3%) in the Gulf of Mexico, and 88 (52%) in the Mexican Caribbean Sea. Only 17 species (10%) were common to the three regions. The superclass Hydrozoa, the most diverse one, is represented by 151 species (89%), the Scyphozoa by 16 species (9.5%) and the Cubozoa by 3 (1.8%). Among the Hydrozoa, up to 6 new species have been described from Mexican waters. It is expected that the number of species will grow as surveys that include the hydroid stages and their laboratory-released medusae, as well as benthic and deep-living medusofauna are undertaken in both the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts of Mexico.
Demystifying Reproducibility in Meta- and Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning

Establishing the signiﬁcance of experimental re-sults in reinforcement learning (RL) is difﬁcult. This is compounded by the additional complexity of meta-and multi-task RL (MTRL), a rapidly-growing research area which lacks well-deﬁned baselines. We analyze several design decisions each author must make when they implement a meta-RL or MTRL algorithm, and use over 500 experiments to show that these seemingly-small details can create statistically-signiﬁcant variations in a single algorithm’s performance that exceed the reported performance differences be-tween algorithms themselves. Informed by this analysis, we precisely deﬁne several important hyperparameters, design decisions, and evaluation metrics for meta-RL and MTRL methods, so that we can compare these methods reproducibly. We then provide multi-seed benchmark results for seven of the most popular meta-RL and MTRL algorithms on the most challenging benchmarks currently available. Finally, we share with the community an open source package of these al-gorithm reference implementations, which use our consistent deﬁnitions, achieve state-of-the-art-performance, and seek to follow the original works introducing these algorithms as closely as possible.
Cyprinotus incongruens (Ostracoda): an ancient asexual?

Although unisexual ostracods are common, their evolutionary history is now known only from inferences gained through examination of the fossil record. Here we use mtDNA, allozyme and genome size analyses to investigate the origins of unisexuality, polyploidy and clonal diversity in the freshwater ostracod Cyprinotus incongruens. Our genetic evidence suggests that transitions to polyploidy have been common in this taxon and may sometimes involve internal genome‐fusion events, in contrast to the usual origin of animal polyploids through interspecific hybridization. Both the extent and congruent patterns of allozyme and mtDNA divergence amongst clones of C. incongruens are consistent with its persistence as an asexual taxon for approximately 5 million years. However, the detected patterns of genetic variation might also reflect the origins of this ostracod through a series of independent transitions to asexuality by several closely related ancestral taxa. The results make it clear that efforts to demonstrate the antiquity of asexual taxa, solely from surveys of the extent of genetic divergence among their component lineages, will ordinarily be ambiguous, requiring confirmation through investigations which search the genome for the genetic consequences of long abandoned recombination.
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Salmonella spp. by Using a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay in Duck Carcass Sample

본 연구에서는 Salmonella invA 유전자를 마커로 Salmonella 특이 LAMP primer를 제작하였고, inclusivity 및 exclusivity 실험 결과는 각각 100%로 관찰되었다. 순수 배양된 Salmonella 희석액에서의 검출한계는 18. 17분에서 $3.2{\times}10^3$ CFU/mL ( $R^2$ = 0.9 0.9446)으로 관찰되어 신속 간단하고 민감도가 높.
Egg Distribution of Atherigona naqvii (Diptera: Muscidae) Infesting Spring Maize

Distribution of Atherigona naqvii Steyskal eggs within- and between-plants were determined on germinating spring maize crop at two sites in Punjab. Variance to mean ratio, parameter k of the Negative Binomial distribution and Taylor's power law were used to describe the spatial distribution of eggs. Further, the observed distributions were compared to the Poisson and Negative binomial distributions. Stem base was the first choice of flies to lay eggs, although eggs were also deposited on leaves and soil with increase in egg densities per plant. Samples from different crop stages revealed that eggs were placed randomly among maize plants, though slight aggregation was noticed at higher egg densities. About 3.92 and 12.64% of the samples showed deviation from Poisson distribution and have s2/m ratios different from one at site 1 and site 2, respectively. Further 72.72% of the samples (s2 > m) agreed with Negative binomial distribution. Parameter k also showed that distribution is largely random at both the sites. Taylor's power law revealed that the between-plant distribution of shoot fly eggs was random (b = 0.99 – 1.10, r2= 0.53 – 0.99, p d" 0.0001) except on three crop stages.
A REVIEW OF DEEP LEARNING APPROACHES FOR INVERSE SCATTERING PROBLEMS (INVITED REVIEW)

—In recent years, deep learning (DL) is becoming an increasingly important tool for solving inverse scattering problems (ISPs). This paper reviews methods, promises, and pitfalls of deep learning as applied to ISPs. More speciﬁcally, we review several state-of-the-art methods of solving ISPs with DL, and we also oﬀer some insights on how to combine neural networks with the knowledge of the underlying physics as well as traditional non-learning techniques. Despite the successes, DL also has its own challenges and limitations in solving ISPs. These fundamental questions are discussed, and possible suitable future research directions and countermeasures will be suggested.
Influence of Orchard Floor Management and Compost Application Timing on Nitrogen Partitioning in Apple Trees

Synchronizing the supply of plant-availab le nitrogen (N) from organic materials with the N needs of apple trees is essential to cost-effectiv e organic apple production. Tree growth and organic matter mineralization are affected by orchard floor management. This study examines the effects of three orchard floor management systems, cultivation, wood chip mulch, and a legume cover crop, on the accumulation and partitioning of compost-derived N in young apple (Mains domestica Borkh.) trees at different compost application dates across two growing seasons. Compost enriched with 15N was applied to apple trees in April, May, and June of 2006 and 2007, and trees were excavated in Sept. 2007 to determine the fate of labeled compost N. Trees with wood chip mulch had significantly greater dry weight and N accumulation in vegetative tree components than trees with cultivation or legume cover. Fruit yields were similar between cultivation and wood chip treatments despite less vegetative growth under cultivation, as these trees partitioned more dry weight into fruit (44%) than wood chip mulch trees (31%). Nitrogen-use efficiency by trees was lower with a living legume cover crop than in other treatments due to competition for resources. In the cover crop aboveground biomass, 20% to 100% of the N was derived from compost. In comparison, only 5% to 40% of N in the decomposing wood chip mulch originated from compost. Tree reserves were an important source of N for spring fruit and leaf growth in all treatments, but significantly more so for trees in the cultivation treatment. Fruit and leaves were strong sinks for compost N early in the season, with trees allocating 72% of spring N uptake into leaves and fruit. In the summer, N uptake increased improving compost N-use efficiency. Summer N was preferentially allocated to perennial tissues (71%), bolstering N reserves. Trees with wood chip mulch performed well and had greater capacity to build N reserves, making wood chips ideal for establishing young organic apple orchards. However, as the orchard matures, it may be beneficial to switch to a groundcover that reduces tree vegetative growth.
Investigation of propeller cavitation using compressible large eddy simulations

Cavitation over a five bladed marine propeller (P4381) is studied using large eddy simulations (LES) at Reynolds number of 894,000 and advance ratio of 0.89. The simulations use the homogeneous mixture model, where the mixture of water and vapor is treated as a single compressible fluid. The numerical method of Gnanaskandan and Mahesh (2015) is extended to solve the governing equations in the rotating frame of reference using absolute velocity. Evaluation of propeller shaft orientation, numerical dissipation, pressure drop in vortex cores, freestream nuclei and grid resolution is presented. Simulations are performed for wetted conditions and thrust break down conditions. Propeller loads obtained from the simulations are compared to the experiments and flow field obtained using LES is used to analyse thrust breakdown.
Crop load adjustment based on tree vigor for producing uniform fruits in 'Niitaka' pear trees.

The trials were performed to find out certain cultural techniques for producing uniform fruits with even quality as well as even size with the use of ‘Niitaka’ pear trees (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) from 2004 to 2006. Appropriate ratio of total scaffold cross-sectional areas (SCAs) to trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) was investigated and a certain crop load method applied with the consideration of that ratio for uniform fruits. The ratio of total SCAs to TCA kept around 1.0-1.2 regardless of the number of scaffolds. While vegetative tree growth was hardly affected by the ratio of total SCAs to TCA, reproductive growth was improved at the tree with the ratio of 0.8 to 1.2 or above 1.2. Fruit size tended to be affected by the ratio of total SCAs to TCA, but fruit quality seemed to be scarcely affected. The obtained result indicated the suitable crop density (fruit number/㎠ TCA) and yield efficiency (fruit yield/㎠ TCA) as 1.0 to 2.0 fruits/㎠ TCA and 1,000 to 2,000 gㆍ㎝? ² TCA. Adjusting crop load with the consideration of proper crop density improved the uniformity in fruit weight as narrowing frequency distribution but hardly reformed the uniformity in total soluble solids.
The Effect of Different Treatments on the Seed Germination of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb

Pterocarpus massupim Roxb belongs to family fabaceae its vernacular name is Beejak in hindi it is Commonly Known as Bia. P. massupium is a medium to large 20 to 30 m tall tree with 3 to 4 m spread A medium to large, 20 to 30 m tall tree with 3 to 4 m spread. Stem bark dark brown or grey, exudates a red gummy substance (Gum Kino) on injury. Leaves Compound, imparipinnate; leaflets 5 or 7, oblong, obtuse with emarginate apex. Flowers Yellow in terminal panicles. Fruits roundish, 4 to 5 mm in diameter, flat, winged pods. Seeds 1 to 2, hard. The heartwood is strong, tough, very hard, golden brown or reddish brown on exposure with darker streaks. Occurs throughout India in deciduous and evergreen forests, particularly in Southern India, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Bihar. The heartwood, leaves, flowers and gum are used in medicine. It is sour, acrid, bitter & cooling. The heartwood is useful in vitiated conditions of kapha and pitta, inflammation, excessive urination, intestinal worms, haemorrhages, fractures, bruises, leucoderma, leprosy, skin diseases, elephantiasis, erysipelas, pain in the rectum, diarrhoea, dysentery, rheumatoid arthritis, cough, asthma, diabetes, bronchitis and greyness of hair. The leaves are useful in boils, sores and skin diseases. The flowers are useful in fever, loss of appetite and vitiated conditions of pitta. The gum is useful in gastralgia, pitta, urethrorrhea, diarrhoea, psoriasis, wounds, ulcers, diseases of liver, boils, gleet, intermittent fevers and inflammations. It is a very good liver tonic. Dose Decoction: 40 to 80 ml, powder 1 to 3 gm. Heart wood powder-6 to 10 gm per day for diabetes. P. marsupium is commonly found in the Deccan peninsular, Central India and some part of northern India. P. marsupium is a deciduous and leguminous tree and valued for excellent timber the wood of P. marsupium is equally good as teak wood The wood also fields gum which is used to treat diarrhoea dysentery etc, hoemorhages and tooth ache (NMPB 2008) the tree non multipurpose properties and high price in the market the propagation takes place by seed and the plant shows poor 2321-7871
Comparative study on the efficacy of continuous nasal positive airway pressure and bilevel positive airway pressure in the treatment of newborn respiratory distress syndrome

In this study, patients with newborn respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) were selected as the subjects and randomly divided into a NCPAP Group and a BiPAP group. The NCPAP group was given Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (NCPAP), and the BiPAP group was treated with Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP). After 7 d of treatment, the efficacy of treatment was evaluated. Results showed that the combination of BiPAP and Gu Er Su in treating NRDS can shorten their length of ventilator application and stay, improve blood gas level and lung function, and reduce inflammatory factor levels.
Oral lichen planus in a child in association with psychological stress: A case report

Tel: +98-21-84902473 Fax: +98-21-84902473 Email: a.tonkaboni@Yahoo.com Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic autoimmune cell-mediated disease affecting mucocotaneous tissues of oral cavity. Recent studies revealed that psychological stress may act as a trigger to initiate clinical symptoms. An 8-year-old girl complaining of oral ulcer, pain and irritation in mouth with onset of 3 months ago, was admitted to oral medicine department. Her medical history was negative except for severe psychological trauma in last 6 months. Intraoral examination showed bluish purple atrophic erosive striations with hyperkeratosis. Pathological study of buccal lesions confirmed OLP diagnosis. As all primary investigations were negative; psychogenic origin was suspected. Although it is rare for a child to have OLP but it should be taken into consideration in differential diagnosis of red and white oral lesions in children. Huge impact of psychological factors in the occurrence of oral diseases have suggested that they should be treated in combination with psychotherapy.