Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Technology Acceptance and Readiness on Intention to Adopt Virtual Tourism Technology during The New Normal Era

—Tourism in the new normal era, after the COVID-19 pandemic, has undergone many changes, especially from the attitudes and habits of tourists who are accustomed to digitalization. Virtual tourism has a huge potential to complement conventional tourism to help tourism sector recover from its loss due to the pandemic. This study aims to investigate the intention to adopt virtual tourism technology in Indonesia by integrating Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology Readiness Index (TRI). Data were collected through online survey with total 456 users of virtual tourism participated. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the hypothetical relationships between variables. Results showed that optimism has a positive relationship to TAM indicators, while discomfort has no significant effect at all. Perceived ease of use was found to positively affect perceived usefulness, and both TAM variables were found to have positive impact on the intention to adopt virtual tourism technology. Developers of virtual tourism technology needs to create a better user experience and more targeted marketing effort are needed to eliminate the discomfort in using the technology.
Adolescent to young adult longitudinal development across 8 years for matching emotional stimuli during functional imaginglongitudinal development distracting stimuli

We investigated development from adolescence to young adulthood of neural bottom-up and top-down processes using a functional magnetic resonance imaging task on emotional attention. We followed 249 participants from age 14 to 22 in up to four waves resulting in 687 total scans of a matching task in which participants decided whether two pictures were the same including distracting emotional or neutral scenes. We applied generalized additive mixed models and a reliability approach for longitudinal analysis. Reaction times and error rates decreased longitudinally. For top-down processing, we found a longitudinal increase for the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) for negative stimuli and in the left IFG also for positive and neutral stimuli. For bottom-up activation in the bilateral amygdala, we found a relative stability for negative and neutral stimuli. For positive stimuli, there was an increase starting in the twenties. Results show ongoing behavioral and top-down prefrontal development relatively independent from emotional valence. Amygdala bottom-up activation remained stable except for positive stimuli. Current findings add to the sparse literature on longitudinal top-down and bottom-up development into young adulthood and emphasize the role of reliability. These findings might help to characterize healthy in contrast to dysfunctional development of emotional attention.
Investigation of High School Students’ Internet Addiction inThe Light of Various Variables

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate high school students’ level of internet addiction and to determine internet addiction level according to various variables. The study was designed utilizing a survey model. The participants of the study were 501 high school students randomly selected from different socio-economical districts, i.e., Selcuk district in Izmir and Central district in Edirne within the 2015-2016 academic year. Data were obtained through Internet Addiction Scale. Descriptive statistics utilizing Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used for data analysis. The findings revealed low levels of Internet addiction for high school students along with the potential risk of Internet addiction. Furthermore, the differences between internet addiction level and grade level, mother's education level, smart phone ownership and mobile internet access were found to be statistically significant. Keywords: Internet addiction, problematic internet use, mobile internet, adolescents
A Narrative Review of the Utilisation of the SHARE Frailty Instruments (SHARE-FI and SHARE-FI75+) in the Literature

Abstract This narrative literature review aimed to examine the utilisation of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) frailty instruments: SHARE-FI and SHARE-FI75+. We used the Google Scholar “cited by” function (accessed on February 20th, 2023) to identify all citations of the original SHARE-FI and SHARE-FI75+ studies. Included articles were categorised into four themes: epidemiological studies (prevalence and associated factors); associations with geriatric syndromes, diseases and health outcomes; randomised clinical trials (RCTs); and expert consensus and practice guidelines. Of 529 articles screened (446 citing SHARE-FI and 83 citing SHARE-FI75+), 64 (12.1%) were included. Sixteen (25.0%) were epidemiological; 35 (54.7%) described associations; 10 (15.6%) were RCTs; and 3 (4.7%) were expert consensus or practice guidelines. Frailty was associated with older age; female sex; higher morbidity; lower education; social isolation; worse nutrition and mobility; rheumatological, cardiovascular, and endocrine diseases; and greater healthcare utilisation and mortality. SHARE-FI was used in RCTs as entry criterion, controlling variable, and intervention outcome. SHARE-FI and SHARE-FI75+ have been recommended to aid the management of atrial fibrillation anticoagulation and hypertension, respectively. SHARE-FI and SHARE-FI75+, two open access phenotypical frailty measurement tools, have been utilised for a range of purposes, and mostly in epidemiological/associational studies.
New water fractions and their relationships to climate and catchment properties across Alpine rivers

The Alps are a key water resource for central Europe, providing water for drinking, agriculture, and hydropower production. Thus, understanding runoff generation processes of Alpine streams is important for sustainable water management. It is currently unclear how much streamflow is derived from old water stored in the subsurface, versus more recent precipitation that reaches the stream via near-surface quick flow processes. It is also unclear how this partitioning 15 varies across different Alpine catchments in response to hydroclimatic forcing and catchment characteristics. Here, we use stable water isotope time series in precipitation and streamflow to quantify the young water fractions F yw (i.e., the fraction of water younger than approximately 2-3 months) and new water fractions F new (here, the fraction of water younger than one month) in streamflow from 32 Alpine catchments. We contrast these measures of water age between summer and winter and between wet and dry periods, and correlate them with hydroclimatic variables and physical catchment properties. 20 New water fractions varied from 9.6 % in rainfall-dominated catchments to 3.5 % in snow-dominated catchments (mean across all catchments = 7.1 %). Young water fractions were approximately twice as large (reflecting their longer time scale), varying from 17.6 % in rainfall-dominated catchments to 10.1 % in snow-dominated catchments (mean across all catchments = 14.3 %). New water fractions were negatively correlated with catchment size (Spearman rank correlation r S = -0
Novel roles for phospholipase C in plant stress signalling and development

Phospholipase C (PLC) is best known for its role in generating second messengers by hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) in mammalian cells. In plants however, PLC’s role is less clear as plants lack the prime targets for both inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (i.e. a ligand-gated Ca 2+ channel) and diacylglycerol (i.e. protein kinase C and TRP-type ion channels). The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes for 9 PLC genes. Here, we analyzed the role of PLC3 . Promoter-GUS analyses revealed that PLC3 is specifically expressed in the vascular tissue (most likely phloem) of roots, leaves and flowers, but also in guard cells and at the base of trichomes. Knock-out mutants of PLC3 were found to be affected in seed germination, root development and stomatal closure. Using in vivo 32 P i -lipid labeling analyses, we found that ABA stimulated the formation of PIP 2 in wild type germinating seeds, seedlings and guard cell-enriched leaf peels, but not in plc3 mutants. The latter displayed decreased sensitivity to ABA during seed-germination inhibition and ABA induced-stomatal closure. Overexpression of PLC3 enhanced drought tolerance and decreased stomatal aperture. Together, our results uncovered novel roles for PLC3 in ABA signaling and plant development.
New particle formation induced by anthropogenic–biogenic interactions on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Abstract. New particle formation (NPF) plays a crucial role in the atmospheric aerosol population and has significant implications on climate dynamics, particularly in climate-sensitive zones such as the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, our understanding of NPF on the TP is still limited due to a lack of comprehensive measurements and verified model simulations. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted an integrated study combining comprehensive field measurements and chemical transport modeling to investigate NPF events on the southeastern TP during the pre-monsoon season. NPF was observed to occur frequently on clear-sky days on the southeastern TP, contributing significantly to the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) budget in this region. The observational evidence suggests that highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) from monoterpene oxidation participate in the nucleation on the southeastern TP. After updating the monoterpene oxidation chemistry and nucleation schemes in the meteorology–chemistry model, the model well reproduces observed NPF and reveals an extensive occurrence of NPF across the southeastern TP. The dominant nucleation mechanism is the synergistic nucleation of sulfuric acid, ammonia, and HOMs, driven by the transport of anthropogenic precursors from South Asia and the presence of abundant biogenic gases. By investigating the vertical distribution of NPF, we find a significant influence of vertical transport on the southeastern TP. More specifically, strong nucleation near the surface leads to an intense formation of small particles, which are subsequently transported upward. These particles experience enhanced growth to larger sizes in the upper planetary boundary layer (PBL) due to favorable conditions such as lower temperatures and a reduced condensation sink. As the PBL evolves, the particles in larger sizes are brought back to the ground, resulting in a pronounced increase in near-surface particle concentrations. This study highlights the important roles of anthropogenic–biogenic interactions and meteorological dynamics in NPF on the southeastern TP.
Influence of agro-ecological region on selected anthropometrical measurements of Nguni cattle in South Africa

The primary objective of this research was to study the effects of agro-ecological regions (as represented by the veld types in four different areas), sex, season of birth, the interaction between sex and season of birth as well as the interaction between veld type and season of birth on selected anthropometrical measurements (body dimension measurements). The correlations between these selected anthropometrical measurements were also investigated in this study. Data from four herds of Nguni cattle comprising of 416 animals (Loskop South, Fort Hare, Kroonstad and Warmbaths with 115, 106, 97, and 98 animals respectively) was analysed. Measurements were taken in different seasons at each area or location. Statistical analyses of the data were done using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 2002). The results of this study indicate that veld type, sex and the interaction between sex and veld type did not significantly (P < 0.05) affect the growth (selected anthropometrical measurements) of Nguni cattle. In all the four agro-ecological regions (veld type in the different regions), season of birth, the interaction between sex and season of birth (Sex*BS) and the interaction between season of birth and 2 University of Pretoria etd, Botsime B D (2006)
Comet assay in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): genotoxic effect of chemicals on neuroblasts

Aedes ( Stegomyia ) aegypti is the main vector of the viruses that cause dengue, chikungunya, urban yellow fever, and Zika viruses, whose control is carried out mainly via chemical insecticides. Studies on the genotoxic effect of insecticides on these mosquitoes are hampered due to the lack of detection of genomic lesions. As such, we used the comet assay method in larvae of A. aegypti treated with concentrations of 1, 2 and 3% of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 0.002, 0.005 and 0.007 μg/mL of temephos (TE), 0.05, 0.5 and 1.0 mM of cyclophosphamide (CPA) for 4 h, for detection of possible DNA damage. Our results demonstrated that this test is effective in A. aegypti neuroblasts, which indicates possibilities for further studies using new candidate substances for the control of this important vector of arboviruses.
Distributed Coverage in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks by Topological Graph Approaches

Coverage problem is a fundamental issue in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. Previous techniques for coverage scheduling often require accurate location information or range measurements, which cannot be easily obtained in resource-limited ad hoc and sensor networks. Recently, a method based on algebraic topology is proposed to achieve coverage verification using only connectivity information. The topological method sheds some light on the issue of location-free coverage. Unfortunately, the needs of centralized computation and rigorous restriction on sensing and communication ranges greatly limit the applicability in practical large-scale distributed sensor networks. In this work, we make the first attempt toward establishing a graph theoretical framework for connectivity-based coverage with configurable coverage granularity. We propose a novel coverage criterion and scheduling method based on cycle partition. Our method is able to construct a sparse coverage set in a distributed manner, using purely connectivity information. Compared with existing methods, our design has a particular advantage, which permits us to configure or adjust the quality of coverage by adequately exploiting diverse sensing ranges and specific requirements of different applications. We formally prove the correctness and evaluate the effectiveness of our approach through extensive simulations and comparisons with the state-of-the-art approaches.
Changes in bone metabolism-related mRNA expression in iron-defi cient rats

To determine the underlying mechanism of iron defi ciency-induced bone loss, we investigated the eff ects of dietary iron defi ciency on bone metabolism-related mRNA expression in rats. Weanling male Wistar rats were divided into three groups, each comprising six rats. Rats in two of the three groups were given free access to either a control (C group) or an iron-defi cient (D group) diet for 4 weeks. Rats in the PF group were pair-fed the control diet with rats in the D group. Hemoglobin concentration, serum osteocalcin concentration, femoral bone mineral content and density, and femoral Igf1 , Bmp2 , Runx2 , Sp7 , Spp1 , Bglap , and Col1a1 mRNA expression were signifi cantly lower in the D group than in the C and PF groups. Additionally, urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion and femoral Acp5 mRNA expression were signifi cantly lower in the D group than in the C and PF groups. These results suggested that dietary iron defi ciency reduced osteoblastogenesis by decreasing the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2. Furthermore, bone resorption parameters indicated a decrease in bone resorption in iron-defi cient rats.
Characteristics of debris flow prone watersheds and triggering rainstorms following the Tadpole Fire, New Mexico, USA

Moderate and high severity fires promote increases in runoff and erosion, leading to a greater likelihood of extreme geomorphic responses, including debris flows. In the first several years following fire, the majority of debris flows initiate when runoff rapidly entrains sediment on steep slopes. From a hazard perspective, it is important to be able to anticipate when and where watershed responses will be dominated by debris flows rather than flood flows. Rainfall intensity averaged over a 15-minute duration, I 15 , in particular, has been identified as a key predictor of debris flow likelihood. Developing effective 15 warning systems and predictive models for post-fire debris flow hazards therefore relies on high-temporal resolution rainfall data at the time debris flows initiate. In this study, we documented the geomorphic response of a series of watersheds following a wildfire in western New Mexico, USA, with an emphasis on constraining debris flow timing within rainstorms to better characterize debris flow-triggering rainfall intensities. We estimated temporal changes in soil hydraulic properties and ground cover in areas burned at different severities over 2+ years to offer explanations for observed differences in spatial and temporal 20 patterns in debris flow activity. We observed 16 debris flows, all of which initiated during the first several months following the fire. The average recurrence interval of the debris flow-triggering I 15 is 1.3 years, which highlights the susceptibility of recently burned watersheds to runoff-generated debris flows in this region. All but one of the debris flows initiated in watersheds burned primarily at moderate or high
Robust Federated Learning against Poisoning Attacks using Capsule Neural Networks

The expansion of machine learning applications across different domains has given rise to a growing interest in tapping into the vast reserves of data that are being generated by edge devices. To preserve data privacy, federated learning was developed as a collaboratively decentralized privacy-preserving technology to overcome the challenges of data silos and data sensibility. This technology faces certain limitations due to the limited network connectivity of mobile devices and malicious attackers. In addition, data samples across all devices are typically not independent and identically distributed (non-IID), which presents additional challenges to achieving convergence in fewer communication rounds. In this paper, we have simulated attacks, namely Byzantine, label ﬂipping, and noisy data attacks, besides non-IID data. We proposed Robust federated learning against poisoning attacks (RFCaps) to increase safety and accelerate convergence. RFCaps incorporates a prediction-based clustering and a gradient quality evaluation method to prevent attackers from the aggregation phase by applying multiple ﬁlters and also accelerate convergence by using the highest quality gradients. In comparison to MKRUM, COMED, TMean, and FedAvg algorithms, RFCap has high robustness in the presence of attackers and has achieved a higher accuracy of up to 80% on both MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets.
DEFORMATION AND DEGRADATION MECHANICS OF RECYCLED BALLAST STABILISED WITH GEOSYNTHETICS

Railway ballast deforms and degrades progressively under heavy train (cyclic) loading. Ballast degradation is influenced by several factors including the amplitude and number of load cycles, density of aggregates, track confining pressure, angularity, and most importantly, the fracture strength of individual grains. The degraded ballast is usually cleaned on track, otherwise fully or partially replaced by fresh ballast, depending on the track settlement and current density. The disposed waste ballast may be cleaned, sieved and re-used in the track. however, due to the breakage of the sharp edges and the development of micro-cracks during the previous loading cycles, recycled ballast is generally subject to excessive settlement and particle breakage. Therefore, the settlement and degradation aspects of recycled ballast must be carefully examined before recycling to the track. This paper investigates the deformation and degradation characteristics of recycled ballast under field-simulated loading conditions. Cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on both fresh and recycled ballast. The potential of recycled ballast as an alternative track construction material has been examined using geosynthetic technology, and the results are discussed in detail.
Mood Swings at Work : Stock Price Movements , Effort and Decision Making ∗

We show that daily stock price movements affect the mood, effort level, and decision making of employees. Positive current-day stock returns are accompanied by greater reported economic confidence and job satisfaction, shorter working hours, more optimistically biased beliefs about firm performance, tougher grading of innovative ideas, and tougher evaluation of interviewees. These effects are very short lived, lasting one or two business days. The effects on mood and some types of behavior are larger for employees with larger prior stock and option grants. We show that the short-term effects of (plausibly exogenous) shock to moods is the opposite sign of cross-sectional correlations. Whereas happier employees perform better and are more lenient evaluators, shocks that increase happiness are accompanied by lower work effort and tougher evaluation. ∗The authors would like to thank Google for sharing the data used in this project, and in particular Atanas Valkov for his help in obtaining, interpreting, and anonymizing the data. Zitzewitz would also like to thank Google for their hospitality while a Visiting Scientist in the Summer and Fall of 2008. Cowgill was a full-time employee at Google for part of the time this research was conducted. At Google, Diana Adair, Todd Carlisle, Michael Comerford, Katie Hotchkiss, Geoff Mendal, Jonathan Rosenberg, Eric Schaffer, Prasad Setty, Sarah Tran, Hal Varian, Frank Wagner, and Tiffany Wu provided helpful comments. Cowgill thanks the Beyster Program at Rutgers, Joseph Blasi and Doug Kruse.
The Effects of Parental Attitudes on Emotion Regulation Skills of 36-72 Month-Old Children (Example of Three Centers in Menteşe District of Muğla Province)

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between parental attitudes and the emotion regulation skills of 36-72 month-old children. The correlational research design was adopted for the study. The sample included the parents of 205 children aged 36-72 months attending private nurseries and daycare centers in Menteşe, Muğla during 2020-2021 school year. Simple random sampling was used for the selection of research population. Parents individually filled out the “Demographic Information Form” and “The Assessment of Parenting Attitudes of Couples (APAC)”
Social Networks and Organizational Helping Behavior: Experimental Evidence from the Helping Game

This paper studies the causal impact of social ties and network structure on helping behavior in organizations. We introduce and experimentally study a game called the ‘helping game,’ where individuals unilaterally decide whether to incur a cost to help other team members when helping is rivalrous good. We find that social ties have a strong positive effect on helping behavior. Individuals are more likely to help those with whom they are connected, but the likelihood of helping decreases as the social distance between individuals increases. Additionally, individuals who are randomly assigned to be more central in the network are more likely to help others.