Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suspended sediment dynamics and light attenuation characteristics in Peoria Lake, Illinois: can submersed macrophyte communities improve water quality in this shallow system?

Abstract : We examined sediment resuspension dynamics and light availability in relation to the potential for macrophytes to improve water quality conditions in Peoria Lake, Illinois. The lake exhibited high total suspended sediment (TSS) loading and retention of predominantly fine-grained particles during 2000. Large fetches along the prevailing wind rose, coupled with shallow morphometry and sediment particles composed of > 90 percent silt and clay, resulted in frequent periods of sediment resuspension in September. The tau(sub c) of sediment in the vicinity of the resuspension monitoring station, determined experimentally using a particle entrainment simulator, was 2.3 dynes/sq cm. This value was in close agreement with tau(sub c), determined by direct examination of variations in in situ turbidity as a function of tau, calculated using wave theory, at the resuspension monitoring station during the month of September. As calculated tau increased above tau(sub c), turbidity increased substantially at the resuspension monitoring station during the month of September. Net TSS resuspension was very high in relation to TSS loading from the Illinois River during September. The settling velocity of particles in the water column was estimated as 0.004 cm/sec, based on analysis of five particle-size fractions ranging between 62.5 micrometers. Using a resuspension model, we reasonably predicted resuspension events that occurred in September at the resuspension station. Model explorations suggested that establishment of submersed aquatic macrophytes could substantially reduce sediment resuspension in Peoria Lake. However, K(sub d) was very high, while Secchi transparency was low at in-lake stations, and the silt fraction (i.e., 1.95 micrometers) strongly influenced K(sub d). Thus, in order to establish a persistent macrohpyte population in the lake to control resuspension, the underwater light regime must initially improve quite dramatically.
Increased drug use and the timing of social assistance receipt among people who use 2 illicit drugs.

41 Background : The monthly disbursement of social assistance (SA) payments to people who use 42 illicit drugs (PWUD) has been temporally associated with increases in drug-related harm. Yet, 43 whether SA receipt changes drug use intensity compared to levels of use at other times in the 44 month has not been established. We therefore examined this relationship among PWUD in 45 Vancouver, Canada (2005-2013). 46 Methods : Data were derived from prospective cohorts of HIV-positive and HIV-negative PWUD. 47 Every six months, participants were asked about their illicit drug use during the last 180 days 48 and the past week. We determined whether SA receipt occurred within the assessment’s one- 49 week recall period. We employed generalized estimating equations controlling for confounders 50 to examine the relationship between SA receipt and the change in drug use intensity, defined as 51 a 100% increase in the average times per day a given drug was used in the last week compared 52 to the previous 6 months. We tested the robustness of this relationship by stratifying analyses 53 by whether individuals primarily used stimulants, illicit opioids or engaged in polydrug use and 54 examining the timing of SA receipt relative to date of assessment. 55 Results : Our study included 2,661 individuals (median age 36, 32% female) with 1,415(53.2%) 56 reporting SA receipt occurring within the one-week recall period of the assessment at least 57 once. SA receipt was independently associated with intensified drug use (Adjusted Odds Ratio 58 [AOR]:1.79; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]:1.53,2.09), and remained significant when stratified by 59 primary use of stimulants (AOR:1.87;95%CI:1.54,2.26), opioids (AOR:1.96;95%CI:1.23,3.13) and polydrug use (AOR:1.53;95%CI:1.11,2.10). Conclusion : We found a temporal association between SA receipt and drug use intensification. able to mitigate drug-related harm. Alternatives should be tested rigorously. The study questionnaire collects detailed information about illicit drug use in the previous six months as well as the week prior to the follow-up assessment. Relevant questionnaire items for the current analysis include: “In the last six months, when you were using, which of the 203 following drugs did you use, and how often? ”; “In the last six months, on a typical day when you used, how many times did you use? ”; “In the last week, how many days did you use this drug? ”; average - on the days you used - how many times per day did you use during the last week? ” Answers for how many times per day a drug was used on average were reported by 207 individuals as integers. We considered data from all observations collected between January 2005 and May 2013. Participants were included if they had a complete baseline assessment but 209 were excluded if they had missing drug use or covariate information at any assessment. and suggest that alternative approaches that
Title A Systematic Review of Approaches for Modelling Current and Future Impacts of Extreme 1 Rainfall Events Using Green Infrastructure

6 A range of modelling approaches has been developed to assess how green infrastructure 7 could mitigate the effects of extreme rainfall events. This paper seeks to develop this agenda by 8 reviewing how these modelling approaches incorporate, consider, and appraise information of 9 value to land-use planning, policy, and practice to better understand why their implementation is 10 infrequent and to help develop a research agenda. Our findings indicate that the information 11 generated by current GI modelling approaches are not well integrated into the demands of land-12 use planning, and may more reflect the information availability than useability. We find that 13 modelling outputs do not tend to generate the type of high resolution information covering the 14 appropriate spatial and temporal scales that is needed to best support planning decisions. 15 There are also gaps in the assessment of future climate risks, such as increased rainfall 16 intensity, and how this links to future pressures, such as escalating urban growth and 17 development demands, and the interaction between the two areas. The paper concludes that to 18 increase the implementation of green infrastructure, modelling researchers should work more 19 closely with decision-makers to better link data on the effects of GI to the politics involved in 20 their implementation in planning decisions, particularly how trade-offs occur over different scales 21 and times, and between sectors. 22
High resolution teleseismic P-wave tomography for SE Romania

The Vrancea earthquake region in SE Romania is characterized by strong intermediate depth seismicity in a very limited and well defined hypocentral region. Previous studies recognized a high velocity body as locus of the intermediate depth seismicity. Present models interpret this body as a remnant of subducted lithosphere that has been detached along the Carpathian arc, now representing the final stage of slab break-off in the upper mantle.
Los Mapas Conceptuales como Herramientas de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Errores Conceptuales

espanolEste trabajo propone abordar y tratar los errores conceptuales (EECC) para lograr un Aprendizaje Significativo (AS). El modelo conductista no responde a las demandas de un aprendizaje significativo en integrar el pensamiento, el sentimiento y la accion conduciendo a la capacitacion humana para el compromiso y responsabilidad. Responder a los desafios de la Sociedad del Conocimiento y la Informacion requiere cambiar la forma de ensenar (Modelo Conductista al Constructivista) y aprender, en este contexto aprender significativamente y crear conocimiento son claves para el desarrollo del pensamiento divergente, creativo y critico. Los EECC suponen barreras, para ello, esta investigacion trata de eliminar y/o paliar este problema. Son requisitos claves para conseguir el AS elaborar un material curricular e instruccional, el Modulo Instruccional (MI); el tratamiento de los EECC y un docente responsable que cambie su dinamica de trabajo aulico. Se diagnosticaron EECC y con ellos se realizo el MI implementado en escuelas secundarias de Argentina en las provincias de Tucuman y Jujuy a un grupo de clase (6o grado o 1o ano). Se evalua las actividades, dinamica propuesta y resultados de la implementacion del MI con un mapa conceptual evaluador. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian cambios en los grupos experimentales en actitudes y rendimiento academico. En el pensamiento divergente se manifiesta el aprendizaje significativo, al aparecer en los trabajos de los alumnos la creatividad en expresiones, producciones, y aplicaciones a la vida real. EnglishThis work proposes to detect and correct concept errors (EECC) to obtain Meaningful Learning (AS). The Conductive Model does not respond to the demand of meaningful learning that implies gathering thought, feeling and action to lead students up to both compromise and responsibility. In order to respond to the society competition about knowledge and information it is necessary to change the way of teaching and learning (from conductive model to constructive model). In this context it is important not only to learn meaningfully but also to create knowledge so as to developed dissertive, creative and critical thought, and the EECC are and obstacle to cope with this. This study tries to get ride of EECC in order to get meaningful learning. For this, it is essential to elaborate a Teaching Module (MI). This teaching Module implies the treatment of concept errors by a teacher able to change the dynamic of the group in the classroom. This M.I. was used among sixth grade primary school and first grade secondary school in some state-assisted schools in the North of Argentina (Tucuman and Jujuy). After evaluation, the results showed great and positive changes among the experimental groups taking into account the attitude and the academic results. Meaningful Learning was shown through pupil's creativity, expressions and also their ability of putting this into practice into everyday life.
Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability - Part B: regional aspects - Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ion and from groundwater resources (medium confidence), in the context of increased demand (from agriculture, energy and industry, and domestic use) and cross-sectoral implications that are not fully understood. {23.4. 3, 23.9. 1} Some adaptation is possible through uptake of more water-efficient technologies and water-saving strategies. {23.4. 3, 23.7. 2} Climate change will change the geographic distribution of wine grape varieties (high confidence) and this will reduce the value of wine products and the livelihoods of local wine communities in Southern and Continental Europe (medium confidence) and increase production in Northern Europe (low confidence). {23.4. 1, 23.3. 5, 23.5. 4; Box 23-2} Some adaptation is possible through technologies and good practice. {Box 23-2} Climate warming will increase forest productivity in Northern Europe (medium confidence), {23.4. 4} although damage from pests and diseases in all sub-regions will increase due to climate change (high confidence). {23.4. 4} Wildfire risk in Southern Europe (high confidence) and damages from storms in Central Europe (low confidence) may also increase due to climate change. {23.4. 4} Climate change is likely to cause ecological and socioeconomic damages from shifts in forest tree species range (from southwest to northeast) (medium confidence), and in pest species distributions (low confidence). {23.4. 4} Forest management measures can enhance ecosystem resilience (medium confidence).
Root Growth Response to Fertilizers

Granular nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous fertilizers were applied in 5 cm diameter, 60 cm deep holes near honeylocust {Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis) and pin oak (Quercus palustris) trees. Each was applied separately and also together as a balanced fertilizer. After two years, root development near the holes was assessed. No evidence of phytotoxicity from the concentrated source of fertilizer salts was evident. Nitrogen, alone and in combination with the other two elements, significantly increased density of the honeylocust roots near the application holes. Pin oak root densities were only increased in the presence of nitrogen alone. Phosphorous had no effect on the roots of either species.
Naiveté, Projection Bias, and Habit Formation in Gym Attendance

We implement a gym-attendance incentive intervention and elicit subjects' predictions of their postintervention attendance. We find that subjects greatly overpredict future attendance, which we interpret as evidence of partial naivete with respect to present bias. We find a significant postintervention attendance increase, which we interpret as habit formation, and which subjects appear not to predict ex ante. These results are consistent with a model of projection bias with respect to habit formation. Neither the intervention incentives, nor the small posttreatment incentives involved in our elicitation mechanism, appear to crowd out existing intrinsic motivation. The combination of naivete and projection bias in gym attendance can help to explain limited take-up of commitment devices by dynamically inconsistent agents, and points to new forms of contracts. Alternative explanations of our results are discussed. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi. org/10.1287/mnsc.2014. 2091 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Dan Acland and Matthew Levy Naivete , projection bias , and habit formation in gym attendance Working paper

We develop a model capturing habit formation, projection bias, and present bias in an intertemporal-choice setting, and conduct a field experiment to identify its main parameters. We elicit subjects’ preand post-treatment predictions of post-treatment gym attendance, using a habit-formation intervention based on Charness and Gneezy (2009) as an exogenous shock to treated subjects’ gym preferences. Projection-biased subjects, projecting their current habit state onto their future expectations, will, ex-ante, under-estimate any habit-formation effect of our treatment. Naive present-biased subjects in both groups will overestimate their future attendance. Like Charness and Gneezy, we find subjects do form a significant short-run habit, though we find substantial decay caused by the semester break. Subjects appear not to embed this habit formation into their ex-ante predictions. Approximately one-third of subjects formed a habit equivalent to the effect of a $2.60 per-visit subsidy, while their predictions correspond to 90% projection bias over this habit formation. Moreover, subjects greatly over-predict future attendance, which we interpret as evidence of partial naiveté with respect to present bias: they appear to expect their future selves to be two-thirds less “present biased” than they currently are. ∗The authors would like to thank Stefano DellaVigna, Gary Charness, Uri Gneezy, Teck Hua Ho, Shachar Kariv, Botond Koszegi, Ulrike Malmendier, Matthew Rabin, and seminar participants at UC Berkeley and Harvard for their helpful comments. Special thanks go to Brenda Naputi of the Social Science Experimental Laboratory at the Haas School of Business, Brigitte Lossing at the UC Berkeley Recreational Sports Facility, and to Vinci Chow and Michael Urbancic, for extraordinary assistance with implementation. Financial support was provided by the National Institute on Aging through the Center on the Economics and Demography of Aging at UC Berkeley, grant number P30 AG12839. †University of California, Berkeley. acland@berkeley.edu ‡London School of Economics. m.r. levy@lse.ac. uk
Levodopa‐induced dyskinesia in Parkinson disease: Current and evolving concepts

Levodopa‐induced dyskinesia is a common complication in Parkinson disease. Pathogenic mechanisms include phasic stimulation of dopamine receptors, nonphysiological levodopa‐to‐dopamine conversion in serotonergic neurons, hyperactivity of corticostriatal glutamatergic transmission, and overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on dopamine‐releasing axons. Delay in initiating levodopa is no longer recommended, as dyskinesia development is a function of disease duration rather than cumulative levodopa exposure. We review current and in‐development treatments for peak‐dose dyskinesia but suggest that improvements in levodopa delivery alone may reduce its future prevalence. Ann Neurol 2018;84:797–811
Market Concentration in Europe: Evidence from Antitrust Markets

An increasing body of empirical evidence is documenting trends toward rising concentration, profits, and markups in many industries around the world since the 1980s. Two major criticisms of these studies is that concentration and market shares are poorly measured at the national industry level while firm level revenues are a poor indicator of product sales. We use a novel database that identifies over 20,000 product/geographic antitrust markets affected by over 2,000 mergers scrutinized by the European Commission between 1995 and 2014. We show that concentration, as measured by the market-specific post-merger HHI, is larger than reported in the extant literature (at least) by a factor of ten. We also show that concentration has increased over time on average. Yet, there is a great deal of heterogeneity across geographic markets and within broader industries. In a regression analysis that exploits this within-industry variation, we show that barriers to entry are unambiguously positively related to concentration irrespective of time periods, sectors of activity, and geographical market dimension analyzed. Strict past merger enforcement negatively correlates with concentration. Yet, this effect is stronger in the earlier decade (1995-2004) than subsequently. Intangibility of investments consistently displays positive correlation with concentration only for EU wide and worldwide services markets. In contrast, the correlation is negative in national markets. This underscores the importance of the large heterogeneity present in concentration developments across markets.
Being Angelica? Exploring post-species animal geographies

This paper extends recent work that has called for greater attention to be paid to nonhuman difference. The burgeoning animal geographies literature has been very successful in dissecting the concept of ‘nature’ and in examining the myriad ways in which animal and human lives are intertwined. However, its focus is more often on collectivities, such as species and herds, than on individual animals. Through the brief case study of an octopus in The Deep, an aquarium in Kingston-upon-Hull, UK, the paper draws on and develops recently promoted notions of responsible anthropomorphism. It argues that future work might usefully pay greater attention to the lived experience of individual animals, and that further emphasis should be given to non-mammalian life forms. Doing so might not only shed light on these creatures' encounters with humans, but also help to give a greater sense of their lives beyond these direct encounters, challenging understandings of what it means to be ‘animal’.
Barriers to Parental/Family Participation in the Education of a Child with Disabilities in Kenya.

In Kenya, the subject of parental participation has not received much attention in terms of research, and roles of parents in their children's education are not normally well defined (Njeru, 2015). Based on observations, reports and research, parental participation remains low especially in the rural areas. This paper will discuss the barriers to parental/family involvement in the education of a child with a disability and suggest possible steps towards empowering families of children with disabilities to take active roles in their education. This paper is expected to primarily benefit policy makers, parents and everyone on the frontline of implementation of special education laws and policies. It could also provide ammunition for advocacy groups and non-governmental organizations for spurring the government and the Ministry of Education into action that is tailored towards improving the education of children with disabilities in Kenya.
Genotype-phenotype correlation in 153 adult patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency : analysis of the United Kingdom Congenital adrenal Hyperplasia Adult Study Executive (CaHASE) cohort

Congenital adrenal Hyperplasia Study Executive Context: In congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, a strong gen-otype-phenotype correlation exists in childhood. However, similar data in adults are lacking. Objective: The objective of the study was to test whether the severity of disease-causing CYP21A2 mutations influences the treatment and health status in adults with CAH. Research Design and Methods: We analyzed the genotype in correlation with treatment and health status in 153 adults with CAH from the United Kingdom Congenital adrenal Hyperplasia Adult Study Executive cohort. Results: CYP21A2 mutations were distributed similarly to previously reported case series. In 7 patients a mutation was identified on only 1 allele. Novel mutations were detected on 1.7% of alleles (5 of 306). Rare mutations were found on 2.3% of alleles (7 of 306). For further analysis, patients were categorized into CYP21A2 mutation groups according to predicted residual enzyme function: null (n (cid:1) 34), A (n (cid:1) 42), B (n (cid:1) 36), C (n (cid:1) 34), and D (n (cid:1) 7). Daily glucocorticoid dose was highest in group null and lowest in group C. Fludrocortisone was used more frequently in patients with more severe genotypes. Except for lower female height in group B, no statistically significant associations between genotype and clinical parameters were found. Androgens, blood pressure, lipids, blood glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were not different between groups. Subjective health status was similarly impaired across groups. Conclusions: In adults with classic CAH and women with nonclassic CAH, there was a weak association between genotype and treatment, but health outcomes were not associated with genotype. The underrepresentation of males with nonclassic CAH may reflect that milder genotypes result in a milder condition that is neither diagnosed nor followed up in adulthood. Overall, our results suggest that the impaired health status of adults with CAH coming to medical attention is acquiredratherthangeneticallydeterminedandthereforecouldpotentiallybeimprovedthrough modification of treatment. ( J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98: E346–E354, 2013)