Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Seed Burial and Soil Disturbance on Emergence and Survival of Arable Weeds in Relation to Minimal Cultivation

(1) Seeds of sixteen weed species (six grasses and ten herbs) were collected from arable field margins during 1977. Species included were Agrostis gigantea, Alopecurus myosuroides, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avena fatua, Bromus sterilis, Poa trivialis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Galium aparine, Papaver rhoeas, Plantago major, Polygonum aviculare, Stellaria media, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Veronica arvensis, Veronica persica, and Viola arvensis. Seeds were sown in soil in pots or boxes at various depths, and either disturbed periodically or left undisturbed. Periodicity of emergence was recorded for each species. (2) Four patterns of emergence were recorded: (i) emergence in spring alone; (ii) predominantly in autumn; (iii) in both spring and autumn; (iv) emergence indifferent to season. Most of the grasses emerged predominantly in autumn whereas the main period of emergence for many of the dicotyledonous species was in spring. (3) Burial of small-seeded species both delayed and reduced seedling emergence as compared to surface-sown seed. In contrast germination and emergence of the larger-seeded species was increased by burial. Soil disturbance increased the total number of seedlings which emerged, but in general it did not alter the relative periodicity of germination, nor was emergence promoted by cultivation at times outside the period of natural emergence. (4) The number of viable but ungerminated seeds which remained after 2 years varied between species. It was least for surface sown seed and greatest for buried undisturbed seed. Most frequent were A. myosuroides, Viola arvensis, P. rhoeas and P. aviculare. No seeds of A. elatius, B. sterilis or G. aparine remained after 12 months. (5) Relatively few species emerged from below 50 mm with the exception of several large-seeded species. These species generally failed to establish from seed on the soil surface. (6) The results are discussed in relation to the use of minimal cultivations for cereal production. It is concluded that the majority of annual grass-weeds, despite having little innate dormancy, will continue to be encouraged by current agronomic practices. In contrast, many annual dicotyledonous species will decline in importance, partly as a result of their susceptibility to herbicides and partly because their periodicity of germination does not coincide with the establishment phase of autumn-sown cereals.
The parasite fauna of the fish of the Shropshire Union Canal, Cheshire

A survey was made of the parasites of 603 roach Rutilus rutilus (L.), 15 bream Abramis brama (L.), 201 perch Perca fluviatilis L. , 30 pike Esox lucius L. and four eels Anguilla anguilla (L.) caught in the Shropshire Union Canal at Backford, Cheshire from December 1964 to August 1966. Twenty-seven species of parasites were found, 17 in roach, seven in bream, ten in perch, ten in pike and two in the eel. Two species of Protozoa, seven species of Monogenea, five species of Digenea, six species of Cestoda, two species of Nematoda, one species of Acanthocephala, two species of Hirudinea, one species of Crustacea and mollusc glochidia were recorded. The following parasites are believed to be new records for the British Isles: Henneguya oviperda (Cohn, 1895), Dactylogyrus suecicus Nybelin, 1936, D. wunderi Bykhovskii, 1931, Asymphylodora kubanicum (Isaichikov, 1923), and Philometra rischta Skryabin, 1917. One table shows the species of parasites found, together with data on the site of occurrence in the host, and the percentage and intensity of infection of the fish. A second table compares the occurrence of the parasites in four other localities in the British Isles, Loch Lomond Scotland, Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake), Merionethshire, Rostherne Mere, Cheshire and the River Lugg, Herefordshire. A further column gives the normal hosts in the U.S.S.R. A limited comparison is made of the numerical occurrence of six species of parasites in the canal, Llyn Tegid and Druzno Lake, Poland. It is concluded that unless relatively large samples of fish of all length groups are collected on a regular basis throughout the year such comparisons will have little meaning. The concept of the characterization of parasite faunas is briefly noted. It is suggested that the high degree of host specificity shown by many of the species of parasites is evidence in support of the concept.
FOREMOST SECURITY APPREHENSIONS IN CLOUD COMPUTING

In the recent years, a term keeps coming in the sphere of IT. This new concept called cloud computing is probably the most noteworthy evolution since the arrival of the web. Many business leaders have decided to invest in this architecture in order to gain in terms of saving on material and human resources. Cloud computing can outsource the IT hub of a company, therefore it can focus on its own business. Cloud computing is not only full of benefits. Indeed, it is still subject to several threats related to security which is now must be implemented at a large scale so the transition to the cloud should be attended by some adaptations to export all the known security arsenal. Besides, billing within cloud services does not obey until now to precise and deterministic rules and many companies are crying foul when they are charged with an extortionate price. Cloud computing has certainly turned upside down the practices of business and IT professionals need to review their careers. However, some still do not dare to step into this architecture and they claim that more research effort must be done in order to fill the gaps in the cloud. This paper targets to afford a best description of cloud computing features and explore guidelines for research and high-tech tendencies in order to use and implement cloud infrastructure networks. The chief concepts of cloud computer billing and security threats will be also exposed.
Physiological characteristics of selenite uptake by maize roots in response to different pH levels

In selenite solutions, H 2 SeO 3 , HoSeO - 3 and SeO 2- 3 are in equilibrium in proportions that vary with solution pH. The physiological characteristics of selenite uptake were studied with excised roots of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings at pH 3.0, 5.0, and 8.0. The results showed that 0.10 mM 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), 1.0 mM sodium fluoride (NaF), and a temperature of 4°C inhibited selenite uptake by maize roots by 16%, 20%, and 23% at pH 3.0, by up to 80%, 79%, and 78% at pH 5.0, and by 5%, 9%, and 16% at pH 8.0. Hence, selenite may enter roots at pH 5.0 in an energy-dependent manner, in contrast to pH 3.0 and 8.0. The uptake kinetics for selenite were determined for excised roots of maize, and the curves were linear at pH 3.0 and 8.0, but saturated at pH 5.0, showing that carrier-mediated uptake of selenite occurred at pH 5.0, but not at pH 3.0 or 8.0. Further studies showed that HgCl 2 and AgNO 3 inhibited selenite uptake separately by 81 % and 76% at pH 3.0 and indicated that selenite was absorbed by maize roots through aquaporins at pH 3.0. At pH 8.0, anion-channel inhibitors only inhibited a small fraction of selenite uptake, indicating that the major absorption pathway of SeO 2- 3 species into roots was not absorbed passively through anion channels, but might involve other processes. According to these results, it is proposed that selenite uptake occurs via different mechanisms depending on its species in solution in response to pH levels.
Natural Selection for the Origin of Reproductive Isolation

Natural selection acts to build and reinforce barriers to gene exchange between populations whose hybridization results in reproductive wastage (Dobzhansky 1970). This has been demonstrated experimentally by Koopman (1950), Wallace (1954), Knight, Robertson, and Waddington (1956), Kessler (1966), and most recently, by Dobzhansky and Pavlovsky (1971). These last authors have shown that, by means of selection over a period of some 70 generations, ethological isolation can be constructed where none had existed previous to initiation of selection for it. Wallace's experiment warrants more detailed description, since his results were similar to those of Knight et al. (1956), while his technique was similar to Koopman 's (1950) and that of Dobzhansky and Pavlovsky (1971). He employed the straw and sepia Drosop7hila mnelanogaster mutants and practiced 73 generations of selection against the wild-type progeny produced between them. After that time, mating was significantly nonrandom: One type of female, sepia, gave a 9 :1 ratio of homogamic (sepia X sepia) to heterogamic (sepia X straw 6 ) matings while straw females still mated as often heterogamically (straw 9 X sepia S ) as homogamically (straw X straw). With this experiment in mind, in December 1970 Professor Wallace sent me three replicates of two strains of Drosop7tila melanogaster from another study. My aim was to test for the possible existence and magnitude of sexual isolation between these strains; they had been reared together in half-pint culture bottles since January 1968, at Cornell University. Each set of two consisted of a mutant and wild-type strain, with the latter originating from a single gravid female captured at Ceres, New York. The genotype was constructed in such a way that heterotypic matings would produce no progeny. The genetically marked compound autosome strain was synthesized in Prof. E. B. Lewis's laboratory at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena and may be designated C(2L)P b el rd" pr px/so2 b; C(2R) P px, all with reference to the second chromosome. Here, C refers to the compound second chromosome in which one part consists of two left arms while the second, independent, part contains two right arms; the vertical slash separates mutant genes carried by the two L/L arms -of the left-armed compound; and P '-Pasadena. Of the other genetic symbols, b -black (II, 48.5); el= elbow (II, 50.0); rd= reduced scraggly (II, 51.2);
Assessment of pattern, morbidities and treatment outcome of admitted neonates in a Regional Hospital SNCU

Introduction: A country’s health is measured in terms of infant mortality. India accounts for 24% of global neonatal mortality. The neonatal care was revolutionized after the inception of NHM. After reduction in neonatal mortality rate, the goal is to reduce the morbidity of neonates by disease specific intervention. It is important to study the mortality and morbidity pattern as it helps to implement new treatment protocols, interventions, planning and policy making which helps in better survival and improvement in the quality of life among survivors. So, this study aims at identifying the morbidity and mortality pattern in a secondary care SNCU of a Regional Hospital. Methodology: Hospital data based retrospective study from August 2016 to January 2018. Results: Total of 868 neonates were analyzed. Male: female ratio was 1.45:1. Low birth weight babies accounted 34% and pre-term babies around 28%. Jaundice requiring photo therapy (42.5%) topped the list of morbidities followed by sepsis (12.9%) and respiratory distress (5.6%). Ninety one percent (91%) neonates were discharged and mortality in this study was 0.46%. Conclusion: Neonatal jaundice, Sepsis and respiratory distress were the leading causes of morbidity. Neonatal sepsis can be prevented by enforcing strict hand hygiene and aseptic protocols. Low birth weight and prematurity were the significant contributors to morbidity and mortality. Hence antenatal programs to prevent prematurity and low birth weight babies should be strengthened.
The Effect of Music on Moroccan Students’ Acceptance of Kahoot Gamified Quizzing in the EFL Classroom

Several studies have investigated students’ perceptions toward technologies that add game elements to gamify learning content in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. Yet, identifying what specific game elements in these technologies have a significant impact on students’ perceptions has not received much attention. This quasi-experimental study aimed at exploring the effect of Kahoot music on Moroccan students’ acceptance of Kahoot gamified quizzing in the EFL classroom. Two intact groups of secondary school students were recruited for this study. One group played Kahoot Gamified Quizzes without music, while the other group played the same quizzes with music. The results of the independent samples t-test showed that the students in both groups perceived Kahoot gamified quizzing positively and that music had no significant effect on their perceptions.
Taxonomic features of the red alga Meristotheca coacta (Solieriaceae, Gigartinales)

Vegetative and reproductive structures of the little‐known red alga, Meristotheca coacta Okamura (Solieriaceae, Gigartinales) were described on the basis of specimens collected from three localities in southern Japan, including an island close to the lectotype locality. Meristotheca coacta was shown to be a strongly supported monophyletic clade in our rbcL analyses. The taxonomic features of this species were reassessed. This species is characterized as follows: (i) the thalli consist of relatively thick (300–1400 μm from the uppermost to basal regions), elastic and rose‐red blades; (ii) the blades are irregularly lobed and branched into variously shaped segments with undulate and crispate margins; (iii) tetrasporangial initials are laterally attached to their parental cells and the lateral pit‐connections remain in mature tetrasporangia; (iv) gametophytes are dioecious; (v) carpogonial branches are three‐celled (occasionally two‐ or four‐celled); (vi) a darkly staining auxiliary cell complex is present and recognizable prior to diploidization; and (vii) cystocarps are produced along (or near) the margins of the blades and on the marginal proliferations and lack spinous outgrowths.
A REVIEW ON WINDOWS UPDATE, SECURITY PATCH AND ISSUES

: Windows updates adjust the programming capacities by fixing bugs, evolving highlights, and altering the user interface. Now and again, changes are welcome, even envisioned, and now and then, they are undesirable on the off chance that clients delay or don't introduce refreshes. It can have genuine security suggestions for their PC. Updates are one of the essential components for amending found vulnerabilities when a client doesn't refresh and remains helpless against an expanding number of assaults. For situations where refuge updates are not implemented or gradually introduced, end customers are at an enlarged risk of maliciousness. Program makers have sought to remove consumers from the software upgrade circle to improve safety. In any case, customer inclusion in system updates ruins essential, all updates are not needed and necessary restarts can adversely affect customers. The programmer used a multi-strategy approach to gather information from 37 clients on Windows 7 for the meeting, studying and PC logs. The programmer thought about what the clients believe is going on their PCs (meeting and study information), what clients need to occur on their PC (meeting and review information), and what was going on (log information). They found that 28 out of our 37 members had a misconception about what was going on their PC, what's more, that over a portion of the members couldn't execute their aims for the PC board.
Non-saponin fraction of red ginseng inhibits monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and inflammatory responses in vitro

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of red ginseng-derived non-saponin fraction (NSF) on inflammatory responses and monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in RAW264.7 and THP-1. NSF effectively inhibited inflammatory responses by downregulating nitric oxide (NO) production and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). NSF (2000 μg/mL) decreased the levels of NO, iNOS, and COX-2 by 33, 83, and 64%, respectively. NSF inhibited the differentiation of monocyte-to-macrophage by decreasing cell adherence along with downregulation of the cluster of differentiation molecule 11β (CD11β) and CD36. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), were significantly reduced with NSF treatment. The NSF-mediated inhibition of inflammatory responses was due to the regulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). NSF effectively suppressed the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus, while nuclear Nrf2 and its target protein, heme oxygenase-1, levels were significantly increased.
Life History and Laboratory Host Range ofEccritotarsus catarinensis(Carvalho) (Heteroptera: Miridae), a New Natural Enemy Released on Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.) Solms-Laub.) (Pontederiaceae) in South Africa

Abstract A mirid,Eccritotarsus catarinensis(Carvalho), was studied as a potentially damaging natural enemy for water hyacinth, (Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.) Solms-Laub. ), in South Africa. In the laboratory, eggs were inserted into the leaf tissue parallel to the leaf surface. The four nymphal instars fed gregariously with the adults mainly on the undersurface of the leaves, causing severe chlorosis at high population levels. The duration of immature stages (egg and nymphs) was approximately 23 days, while the adults survived for approximately 50 days. Favorable biological characteristics ofE. catarinensisincluded a high rate of increase, gregarious habits, long-lived and mobile adults, and several generations per year. Laboratory host range of the mirid was determined by adult choice trials on 67 plant species in 36 families and adult no-choice trials on five species in the Pontederiaceae. Feeding was recorded on all Pontederiaceae tested and oviposition on four of the five species. However, these plant species proved to be inferior hosts forE. catarinensisin comparison to water hyacinth, suggesting thatE. catarinensiswould be an acceptable natural enemy for water hyacinth in South Africa.
The Impact of Governance on FDI Attractiveness: The MENA Countries Case

In this paper, we attempt to study the influence of institutional quality on the attractiveness of foreign direct investment (FDI) with a sample of MENA countries during a study period from 1996 to 2015. For this purpose, we will synthesize different empirical researches that have described direct and indirect correlation between governance and FDI. Thus, we will collect a database from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund on macroeconomic variables, institutional variables and FDI on national wealth. We will use the Static Panel technique to identify the governance effect on FDI for the MENA region.
FAST OBJECT DETECTION FRAMEWORK BASED ON MOBILENETV2 ARCHITECTURE AND ENHANCED FEATURE PYRAMID

Recently, many object detectors based on deep convolutional neural networks such as Faster R-CNN, SSD, RetinaNet, and so on have been proposed and showed significant improvements over traditional object detectors. However, these deep learning-based object detectors usually focus on detection accuracy. This paper proposes a one-stage deep learning-based object detection framework to improve the inference speed and achieve real-time object detection in outdoor scene images without compromising on accuracy. To improve the inference speed, this paper adopts MobileNet v2 architecture at first to generate the base convolution feature maps. MobileNet v2 achieved comparable performance compared with other state-of-the-art networks while being simpler and faster. To improve the detection accuracy, an enhanced feature pyramid generation module is used to construct rich and multi-scale feature maps from a single resolution input image. Each feature level is a high-level semantic feature map and can be used for detecting objects at a different scale. Finally, a detection network which includes a classification subnet to predict the probability of object presence and a box regression subnet to regress the offset from each anchor box to a nearby ground-truth object is attached to each feature level in the enhanced feature pyramid to locate objects at different scales. In addition, focal loss function is used in the classification branch of the detection network to dedicate the class imbalance problems for the one-stage object detector. Experimental results on public datasets show that the proposed approach achieves nearly as performance as other state-of-the-art approaches, while the inference speed is significant improved.
Warmer Shorter Winters Disrupt Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems

The Earth is warming, especially in polar areas in which winter temperatures and precipitation are expected to increase. Despite a growing research focus on winter climatic change, the impacts on Arctic terrestrial ecosystems remain poorly understood. Snow acts as an insulator, and depth changes affect the enhancement of thermally dependent reactions, such as microbial activity, affecting soil nutrient composition, respiration, and winter gas efflux. Snow depth and spring temperatures influence snowmelt timing, determining the start of plant growth and forage availability. Delays in winter onset affect tundra carbon balance, faunal hibernation, and migration but are unlikely to lengthen the plant growing season. Mild periods in winter followed by a return to freezing have negative consequences for plants and invertebrates, and the resultant ice layers act as barriers to foraging, triggering starvation of herbivores and their predators. In summary, knock-on effects between seasons and trophic levels have i.
Comparison of rhizosphere impacts of two wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus utilization efficiency

Exploitation of high phosphorus (P) use efficiency genotypes of crops and understanding their rhizosphere P activation mechanisms is essential to development of beneficial management practices for sustainable agricultural production. A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the differences in changes of pH, phosphatase activity, and water-soluble P in the rhizosphere soil and crop growth and P content of two constrasting wheat genotypes (P-efficient, Xiaoyan54, and P-inefficient, Jing411) in a calcareous soil supplied with three rates (0, 50, and 100 mg kg-1 soil, which are coded as P0, P50 and P100, respectively) of fertilizer P. Results showed that root biomass, root/shoot ratio and efficiency index of Xiaoyan54 were significantly higher than those of Jing411 at the same P level. In addition, the roots of Xiaoyan 54 absorbed significantly more P than the roots of Jing 411, except for the P50. The dry weight of shoot biomass was similar between the two wheat genotypes. Wheat biomass and P content .
BMP-3 mRNA Expression during Endochondral Ossification of Mouse Bone Tissue

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-3/osteogenin has a diverse spectrum of biological functions ranging from bone induction to developmental organogenesis. To clarify the role of BMP-3 during bone formation and maintenance, we investigated the expression of BMP-3 mRNA by in situ hybridization (ISH) on 4% paraformaldehyde fixed decalcified bone of normal and fractured bone of adult mice and in the whole body of the mouse fetus with digoxigenin-labeled single-stranded DNA probes generated by PCR. Our modified in situ hybridization technique at the electron microscopic level was also applied to identify specific cell types expressing BMP3 during endochondral ossification in the developing fetal bone. Besides its expression in the developing fetal bronchial epithelium and glial cells of the brain, BMP-3 expression was observed mainly on chondrocytic cells during maturation in the normal growth plate and the fractured callus of the adult long bone and the developing fetal woven bone, suggesting that BMP-3 expression was related not to differentiation of mesenchymal cells into the chondrocytic cell lineage but to the differentiation of immature chondrocytic cells into more mature chondrocytes.