Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Submesoscale Dynamics in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Part II: Temperature–Salinity Relations and Cross-Shelf Transport Processes

AbstractThis paper, the second of three, investigates submesoscale dynamics in the northern Gulf of Mexico under the influence of the Mississippi–Atchafalaya River system, using numerical simulations at 500-m horizontal resolution with climatological atmospheric forcing. The Turner angle Tu, a measure of the relative effect of temperature and salinity on density, is examined with respect to submesoscale current generation in runs with and without riverine forcing. Surface Tu probability density functions in solutions including rivers show a temperature-dominated signal offshore, associated with Loop Current water, and a nearshore salinity-dominated signal, associated with fresh river water, without a clear compensating signal, as often found instead in the ocean’s mixed layer. The corresponding probability distribution functions in the absence of rivers differ, illustrating the key role played by the freshwater output in determining temperature–salinity distributions in the northern Gulf of Mexico during .
Latency versus persistence or intermittent recurrences: evidence for a latent state of murine cytomegalovirus in the lungs

The state of cytomegalovirus (CMV) after the resolution of acute infection is an unsolved problem in CMV research. While the term "latency" is in general use to indicate the maintenance of the viral genome, a formal exclusion of low-level persistent productive infection depends on the sensitivity of the assay for detecting infectious virus. We have improved the method for detecting infectivity by combining centrifugal infection of permissive indicator cells in culture, expansion to an infectious focus, and sensitive detection of immediate-early RNA in the infected cells by reverse transcriptase PCR. A limiting-dilution approach defined the sensitivity of this assay. Infectivity was thereby found to require as few as 2 to 9 virion DNA molecules of murine CMV, whereas the standard measure of infectivity, the PFU, is the equivalent of ca. 500 viral genomes. Since murine CMV forms multicapsid virions in most infected tissues, the genome-to-infectivity ratio is necessarily >1. This assay thus sets a new standard for investigating CMV latency. In mice in which acute infection was resolved, the viral DNA load in the lungs, a known organ site of CMV latency and recurrence, was found to be 1 genome per 40 lung cells, or a total of ca. 1 million genomes. Despite this high load of CMV DNA, infectious virus was not detected with the improved assay, but recurrence was inducible. These data provide evidence against a low-level persistent productive infection and also imply that intermittent spontaneous recurrence is not a frequent event in latently infected lungs.
Coronal Suture Morphology and Synostotic Progression in Rabbits with Delayed-Onset Craniosynostosis.

Delayed-onset craniosynostosis has been reported in the human clinical literature and may represent part of the expanded phenotype of craniosynostosis. Delayed-onset synostosis (DOS) is also an integral part of the phenotypic spectrum in an inbred rabbit strain of craniosynostosis. The purpose of the present study was to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the perisynostotic events in the coronal sutures of rabbits with delay-onset coronal suture synostosis compared to age matched, wild-type control rabbits. Coronal sutures from 80 rabbits (39 normal wild-type controls and 41 DOS) were collected for gross morphological and histological examination. Ages ranged from term (day 0) through 88 days of age. The sutures were harvested, formalin fixed, paraffin embedded, and stained with alizarin red for gross light microscopic analysis. Qualitative results showed that by 25 days of age a dramatic thickening of the sutural ligament, an increase in the amount of bone in the osteogenic fronts, and an increase in the frequency of bony bridges between the frontal and parietal bones in rabbits with DOS compared to age matched, wild-type controls. No statistical significant differences in mean suture width or total suture area between the groups at the interdigitating zone were recorded at any age and cortical level (p> 0.05). At a region of the coronal suture closer to the midline, deemed the medial zone, a significant difference was found in mean suture width between groups at 88 day in age group at the ectocortical suture surface (p <.05); additionally, significant differences in mean suture area between the groups were recorded at age 25 and 88 (p <.05). A significant difference bony bridging frequency between the interdigitating zone and medial zone of DOS sutures was observed at the 45 day age group. The results of the 6X2 (age by group) two-way ANOVA indicate significant interaction at various cortical levels as well as total suture area at the interdigitating and medial zone (p < 0.05). Results suggest that bony bridging and sutural ligament thickening occurs much earlier than coronal suture growth cessation in DOS rabbits and that these factors may limit subsequent sutural growth in an additive effect.
Clinical TIME Trial: Effect of Timing of Stem Cell Delivery Following ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction on the Recovery of Global and Regional Left Ventricular Function Final 2-Year Analysis

of patients with large anterior ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarctions, bone marrow mononuclear cells administration did not improve recovery of LV function over 2 years. Microvascular obstruction was associated with reduced recovery of LV function, greater adverse LV remodeling, and more device implantations. The use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging leads to greater dropout of patients over time because of device implantation in patients with more severe LV dysfunction resulting in overestimation of clinical stability of the cohort. trajectories (from baseline to 2 years) for LVEF, infarct zone wall motion, border zone wall motion, infarct size, LV mass, and LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), and LV end-systolic vol- ume index (LVESVI) were performed using a repeated-measure general linear model. These models included terms for trajectories, treatment effect (BMC versus placebo), and trajectory–treatment interactions. To assess the ability of MVO to explain differences in LVEF from baseline to 6 months, a multiple regression model was performed. The change in LVEF was the dependent vari- able, and baseline MVO was the explainer variable of interest. Additional explainer variables included sex, baseline LVEF, base- line LVEDVI, baseline LVESVI, and baseline infarct size. Clinical events were evaluated using a χ 2 test for proportion. Any P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant with no adjustment for multiplicity. to 61.0% at 6 months with the greatest improvement occurring at 1 month (59.4%). Ndrepepa et al 19 measured the change in LVEF in 626 patients after primary PCI over 6 months using LV angiog-raphy and observed that LVEF increased from 51.6% to 57.4%. Those patients with the most depressed LVEF at baseline had the greatest recovery of LV function. Similar findings were also observed in the REPAIR-AMI trial 2 and in the combined TIME and LateTIME populations. 12 These modest improvements in LVEF over 6 months in the STEMI patient population could poten-tially obscure any treatment effect of cell therapy.
Effects of Light Quality and Light Quantity on the Growth Kinetics of a Louisiana Native Microalgal/Cyanobacterial Co-culture

xii 1. Global Introduction. 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Microalgae . 3 1.2. 1 Microalgae/Cyanobacteria Photosynthesis . 4 1.2. 2 Light Dependent Reaction . 5 1.2. 3 Light Independent Reaction (Calvin Cycle) . 8 1.2. 4 Cyanobacteria Photosynthesis . 9 1.3 Light . 10 1.3. 1 Light Quality . 10 1.3. 2 Light Quantity . 14 1.4 Culture Systems. 17 1.4. 1 Open Systems. 17 1.4. 2 Closed Systems . 18 1.4. 3 Hybrid Systems . 19 1.5 Research Objectives . 21 1.6 Thesis Organization. 21 2. Impact of Light Quality on a Native Louisiana Chlorella vulgaris/Leptolyngbya sp. Coculture . 22 2.
Predictor L 1 Data Cache Load Memory Request WarpID / PC Load Type Cache Miss Prediction Drop Signal Streaming Multiprocessor

This paper aims to tackle two fundamental memory bottlenecks: limited off-chip bandwidth (bandwidth wall) and long access latency (memory wall). To achieve this goal, our approach exploits the inherent error resilience of a wide range of applications. We introduce an approximation technique, called Rollback-Free Value Prediction (RFVP). When certain safe-to-approximate load operations miss in the cache, RFVP predicts the requested values. However, RFVP never checks for or recovers from load value mispredictions, hence avoiding the high cost of pipeline flushes and re-executions. RFVP mitigates the memory wall by enabling the execution to continue without stalling for long-latency memory accesses. To mitigate the bandwidth wall, RFVP drops some fraction of load requests which miss in the cache after predicting their values. Dropping requests reduces memory bandwidth contention by removing them from the system. The drop rate then becomes a knob to control the tradeoff between performance/energy efficiency and output quality. For a diverse set of applications from Rodinia, Mars, and NVIDIA SDK, employing RFVP with a 14KB predictor per streaming multiprocessor (SM) in a modern GPU delivers, on average, 40% speedup and 31% energy reduction, with average 8.8% quality loss. With 10% loss in quality, the benefits reach a maximum of 2.4× speedup and 2.0× energy reduction. As an extension, we also evaluate RFVP’s latency benefits for a single core CPU. For a subset of the SPEC CFP 2000/2006 benchmarks that are amenable to safe approximation, RFVP achieves, on average, 8% speedup and 6% energy reduction, with 0.9% average quality loss.
Cleaning Data with Forbidden Itemsets

Methods for cleaning dirty data typically rely on additional information about the data, such as user-specified constraints that specify when a database is dirty. These constraints often involve domain restrictions and illegal value combinations. Traditionally, a database is considered clean if all constraints are satisfied. However, many real-world scenario's only have a dirty database available. In such a context, we adopt a dynamic notion of data quality, in which the data is clean if an error discovery algorithm does not find any errors. We introduce forbidden itemsets which capture unlikely value co-occurrences in dirty data, and we derive properties of the lift measure to provide an efficient algorithm for mining low lift forbidden itemsets. We further introduce a repair method which guarantees that the repaired database does not contain any low lift forbidden itemsets. The algorithm uses nearest neighbor imputation to suggest possible repairs. Optional user interaction can easily be integrated into the proposed cleaning method. Evaluation on real-world data shows that errors are typically discovered with high precision, while the suggested repairs are of good quality and do not introduce new forbidden itemsets, as desired.
Climate evolution across the Mid-Brunhes Transition

Abstract. The Mid-Brunhes Transition (MBT) began ∼ 430 ka with an increase in the amplitude of the 100 kyr climate cycles of the past 800 000 years. The MBT has been identified in ice-core records, which indicate interglaciations became warmer with higher atmospheric CO2 levels after the MBT, and benthic oxygen isotope (δ18O) records, which suggest that post-MBT interglaciations had higher sea levels and warmer temperatures than pre-MBT interglaciations. It remains unclear, however, whether the MBT was a globally synchronous phenomenon that included other components of the climate system. Here, we further characterize changes in the climate system across the MBT through statistical analyses of ice-core and δ18O records as well as sea-surface temperature, benthic carbon isotope, and dust accumulation records. Our results demonstrate that the MBT was a global event with a significant increase in climate variance in most components of the climate system assessed here. However, our results indicate that the onset of high-amplitude variability in temperature, atmospheric CO2, and sea level at ∼430 ka was preceded by changes in the carbon cycle, ice sheets, and monsoon strength during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 14 and MIS 13.
Modelagem hidrológica sob mudanças na cobertura vegetal de uma bacia hidrográfica no Nordeste do Brasil

Modificacoes na cobertura vegetal do solo em bacias hidrograficas podem ocasionar alteracoes nas componentes hidrologicas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os processos hidrologicos sob diferentes condicoes de cobertura vegetal na Bacia Hidrografica do Rio Mundau (BHRM), Nordeste do Brasil, utilizando o modelo SWAT. Para a simulacao hidrologica, foram considerados dois cenarios (C1 – uso atual) e C2 (substituicao de areas agricolas por Caatinga). Foram utilizados dados de entrada como mapa de uso e ocupacao do solo, mapa digital de elevacao e mapa dos tipos de solo, alem de uma serie de 17 anos de dados, em passo de tempo diario. A precipitacao anual media da BHRM foi 1.109,7 mm, a evapotranspiracao potencial anual foi 1.247,7 mm e a ascensao do aquifero raso foi de 24,94 mm por ano, em parte da bacia. O escoamento superficial anual para o cenario C1 foi igual 262,62 mm e para o cenario C2 igual a 257,49 mm. Os valores de percolacao e recarga anuais foram de 302,78 e 15,14 mm para o cenario C1 e de 306,73 e 15,34 mm para o cenario C2. A evapotranspiracao real anual para o cenario C1 resultou em 548,2 mm e para o cenario C2 em 549,3 mm. A mudanca de uso do solo exerceu influencia no regime hidrologico da Bacia do Rio Mundau. A implantacao de vegetacao Caatinga em areas agricolas proporcionou reducao no escoamento superficial. Por outro lado, processos como evapotranspiracao, percolacao para o aquifero raso e recarga para o aquifero profundo aumentaram.
Spring Chinook Salmon Interactions Indices and Residual/Precocious Male Monitoring in the Upper Yakima Basin

The carrying capacity of a watershed is one of the main factors in determining whether supplementation is a viable technique for increasing natural production. Preliminary analysis suggests that density dependent mechanisms affecting spring Chinook survival exist in the upper Yakima River after spawning and prior to or during the fall parr stage. Therefore, identifying the factors that limit natural production is critical if restoration efforts, aimed at maintaining or increasing natural production, are to be attained. We developed a best single-variable predictive model for Chinook abundance using previous years data and then field-tested the hypothesis that distance from bank, as predicted by the model, was a limiting factor in areas that that were not limited by high flow conditions. We investigated the efficacy of river wide population estimates using snorkeling methods and collected site-specific habitat information to investigate correlations with those estimates. We continued to measure microhabitat variables around known Chinook focal positions to increase our knowledge of habitat suitability during the spring and summer months. Lastly, we mined a large multi-year dataset and calculated multiple measures of young-of-year condition under different densities to determine if density dependent mechanisms might have occurred prior to our sampling efforts. Our findings suggest that near bank habitat is a requirement for suitable spring Chinook rearing habitat in areas where flows are not limiting. Rearing Chinook appear to require additional space as they grow, and to favor locations that provide the greatest energy gain for the lowest energy expenditure. We detected a significant negative correlation between the condition factor of rearing spring Chinook in the upper Yakima River in both the summer and fall time periods, and the number of redds the previous fall. This suggests that limitations to Chinook growth and survival may occur prior to the summer time period.
Evaluation of production performance and meat quality of Tanzanian local chicken reared under intensive and semi-intensive systems of production

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of rearing systems, sex and age at slaughter on growth performance and carcass traits of local chicken. A total of 96 local weaned chicks (two months old) were bought from farmers in Morogoro peri-urban and reared under two different rearing system viz. intensive and semiintensive systems. The birds were initially weighed and randomly assigned to each rearing system with equal number of males and females (48 birds per system). Two pens with deep litter were used to house the birds. Spacing for birds in both systems was 4 birds/m 2 . However, birds under semi-intensive system had free access to grassy paddock (1 bird/10m 2 ). All birds were offered the same diet with semiintensive group receiving half of what was offered to the intensive group. Random sample of 24 males and 24 females in each rearing system were slaughtered at five and seven month. Body weights at slaughter and body weight gain of birds from semi-intensive system were significantly lower than of those kept in intensive system. There was no difference in dressing percentage between the two rearing systems, the values being 65.2% and 65.7% for intensive and semi-intensive respectively. Dressing percent was higher (67.7%) at seven month than at five month of age (63.2%). The rearing systems significantly affected the breast percentage, being higher in semi-intensive (25.1%) compared to intensive system (23.3%). Thigh percent was not influenced by rearing system or slaughter age, while drum stick percent was significantly lower at seven month old bird compared to five month old birds. From the study, it is concluded that local chicken with modest supplementation and assuming availability of scavenging feed resources, semi-confinement system of chicken rearing could be more appropriate for the small holder poultry keepers.
Management Practices to Prevent Wax Moth, a Pest of Honeybees in Ethiopia

s: The study was designed to identify effective wax moth preventive and/ or control management practice(s) to minimize the damage inflected by this pest. The management preventive practices: strengthening honeybee colonies via feeding, reducing the suppers and un occupied combs, the combination of these practices and trapping wax moths that are intended to enter beehives were evaluated for their effectiveness to prevent wax moth infestation for three years and compared with control (group of colonies that did not receive treatment). Statistical significant variation was observed among the treatments (p< 0.05). Significantly low wax moth infestation level and high honey yield were recorded when all management packages (feeding, reducing super and unoccupied frames) were applied compared to control (P<0.05). Wax moth infestation level was reduced by 82.3% using this package. The prevalence of wax moth is higher during dearth period (Decmber to March) in the study period.
An Analysis of Short-Term Fairness in Wireless Media Access Protocols

We investigate the problem of unfairness over short time scales in decentralized wireless media access (MAC) protocols. Motivated by experimental results over a CSMA/CA-based WaveLAN wireless LAN that shows starvation and degraded TCP performance, we seek to derive a framework for evaluating and analyzing fairness in the context of distributed MAC protocols. In this paper, we develop two short-term fairness metrics and analyze CSMA/CA, showing quantitatively that while it reduces collision probabilities via exponential backo , it is unfair over short time scales even for small population sizes. In contrast, ALOHA has better fairness properties but much higher collision probability. Our rst fairness metric uses a sliding window scheme coupled with the Kullback Leibler distance from information theory, while the second one uses renewal reward theory based on Markov chain modeling of MAC protocols. Short-term fairness is important in several contexts, e.g., smooth acknowledgment ow for TCP connections and low jitter for real-time audio and video; we therefore hope that these measures will be used by MAC protocol designers in conjunction with traditional performance measures such as the collision probability to evaluate overall protocol performance. Extended version of short paper from ACM SIGMETRICS 2000, Santa Clara, CA, June 2000. 1 Motivation The increasing importance of mobile computing has led to the availability of a number of wireless LAN technologies. Most LANs use a distributed media access (MAC) protocol1 to arbitrate amongst several contending transmitter stations. These protocols are designed to minimize collisions, which occur if two or more stations transmit at roughly the same time. Collisions often garble the data bits at the receivers. Examples of such protocols include ALOHA [1], Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) protocols [11], Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocols [3], MACA [10], and MACAW [4]. Of particular interest to us is the CSMA family of protocols because of their widespread popularity, and slotted ALOHA because of its simplicity. In addition to being decentralized, these protocols are randomized, trading o the complexities of dynamic allocation and control messaging (required in TDMA-style protocols) for occasional collisions. A key principle used in these protocols is that of exponential backo , where an unsuccessful transmission of a frame causes a waiting time (before the next attempt) that is roughly double the current backo time. Various researchers have shown that exponential backo s are necessary to achieve long-term stability (low collision probability) in a large (in nite) population; for example, see [2] for an exposition on this topic. The eÆciency of a MAC protocol can be measured using two independent parameters: collision 1 Also called a channel access protocol.
Examining the "Levels of Analysis" Issue in Understanding Technology Adoption by Groups

“Levels of analysis” has been a controversial topic in group research and has often been ignored by IS researchers leading to “cross-level fallacies” and “aggregation biases. ” While the predominant practice in IS research is to assess group behavior by computing the “arithmetic mean of individual members’ behaviors,” recent studies have argued that groups should be treated separate from the individuals who constitute them, and group behavior should be measured using “global” constructs. This study examines the applicability of these two divergent practices in the context of technology adoption by groups, a phenomenon of growing importance in organizations that has not been investigated in-depth in IS research. Preliminary results from an experimental study provide some resolution to the debate surrounding the appropriateness of these two approaches, and highlight the contexts in which aggregation of individual-level measures may not be suitable for understanding group behavior.