Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Germination et croissance in vitro de l’arganier (Argania spinosa L. Skeels) des Beni-Snassen (Maroc oriental) à différentes concentrations en NaCl

Le present travail se propose d’etudier l’effet du sel (chlorure de sodium) sur la germination et la croissance de l’arganier in vitro en testant differentes concentrations. L’etude a ete realisee dans une chambre de culture a temperature et a photoperiode controlees. Les amandes sont mises a germer dans des tubes a essais sur un milieu gelose (Agar + eau). Aucune difference significative de la germination des amandes entre le temoin et les essais en presence de 1g /l, 3 g/l et 5 g/l de NaCl. Au dela de 5 g/l, une difference significative a ete revelee entre le temoin et les amandes a 7 g/l et 9 g/l de NaCl. L’emergence de l’axe de la tige suit la meme evolution. En ce qui concerne la croissance, les mesures de la longueur de la racine principale et de l’axe de la tige montrent une difference significative pour les differentes concentrations. L’analyse statistique a 5% montre qu’il y a un effet du sel sur la production des biomasses aerienne et racinaire.
Stochastic Modeling as a Method of Arriving at Higher Frequencies: An Application to κ Estimation

We present a framework for stochastically modeling the Fourier spectrum of the noisy seismic recording based on the fundamental assumption that the latter constitutes a random rather than a deterministic quantity. First we demonstrate (mathematically and through simulations) that, under the stochastic‐signal assumption, the periodogram ordinates of the noisy recording can be considered independent exponential random variables with a frequency‐dependent mean. Using this finding, the estimation of seismological parameters is translated into a well‐defined maximum likelihood (ML) problem, allowing a fast, accurate, and robust solution. Although the proposed ML methodology constitutes a general estimation framework that we believe can improve any spectral analysis, here we specifically apply it to the high‐frequency attenuation parameter (κ), crucial for understanding rock ground motion. Other seismological parameters could be estimated by appropriately adapting the theoretical model and frequency band used. The greatest advantage of the proposed method is its ability to account for the presence of noise rather than simply try to avoid it, as is the case with all conventional κ approaches and many other spectral analysis approaches. This means that the proposed technique achieves acceptable results even for very low signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNR), thus pushing the boundary of what can be considered usable recording quality. The technique's superior performance in estimation is demonstrated through a series of experiments involving both synthetic and real seismic recordings. Our results also indicate that, compared to this new “noise‐modeling” approach, conventional “noise‐avoiding” approaches are likely to systematically underestimate the “true” kappa value in recordings of moderate‐to‐low SNR.
The interaction of Aspergillus fumigatus with the respiratory epithelium

Aspergillus fumigatus is a filamentous fungus and the main pathogen responsible for the often fatal respiratory condition, aspergillosis. Airway epithelial cells (AECs) are likely to be the first line of host defence that come into contact with the inhaled conidia of A. fumigatus. Recent evidence strongly suggests that the response of the airway epithelium to inhaled pathogens is pivotal in orchestrating immune responses by inducing phagocytic-like reactions and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. However, the majority of previous work investigating A. fumigatus-host interactions has been performed using macrophages and neutrophils, thereby neglecting the epithelium. AECs have been shown to secrete inflammatory cytokines in response to A. fumigatus although these studies predominantly used transformed AEC lines that lack tight junctions and do not fully differentiate. Furthermore, most studies used culture filtrate or extract of A. fumigatus rather than live, whole organism and as a result, the direct interaction of the germinating fungus and the airway epithelium has been overlooked. During the early germination and growth period, the cell wall composition of A. fumigatus is dynamic, with various antigens exposed at different morphological stages. The aim of this thesis was to determine whether AECsare able to alter the germination and growth rate of A. fumigatus, and, conversely, if A. fumigatus affects AECs in terms of the secretion of inflammatory mediators. These studies used live, germinating A. fumigatus, and human primary differentiated AECs to obtain a more realistic in vitro model than those used in previous studies. Data showed that AECs are able to significantly inhibit the germination and growth of A. fumigatus, although this effect was less pronounced in differentiated primary AEC than in transformed AEC lines. A. fumigatus also significantly inducedthe expression and secretion of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, probably via the interaction of fungal cell wall ? -glucans, and as of yet unidentified AEC receptor. The A1160pyrG+ strain of A. fumigatus secreted factors capable of inducing cytokine secretion whereas Af293 strain did not, highlighting diverse mechanisms of action for different strains. Upregulation of both cytokines was dependent on the stage of A. fumigatus growth with induction synchronous with germination. Despite being associated with fungal sensitisation in asthmatics, AEC-derived cytokines associated with this disease, namely TSLP, IL33 and IL25,did not appear to be upregulated by transformed AECs in response to A. fumigatus.Similarly, A. fumigatus did not seem to induce synthesis and secretion of the acute phase response protein, fibrinogen above baseline levels. The data presented in this thesis confirms the importance of the airway epithelium in directing anti-A. fumigatus immunity and the involvement of complex ligand-receptor interactions.
The molecular origins of the recombining immune system.

This dissertation examines the molecular origins of the recombining immune system. Two strategies were adopted involving the examination of the immune system of the most ancient extant organism possessing the vertebrate type immune response, the Carcharhine shark. First, the structural components of a primordial immunoglobulin (Ig) were examined on a molecular level. This revealed a new class of Ig termed IgW. Although IgW is the largest Ig yet described, with 7 bona fide Ig domains, it maintains the canonical residues typified by heavy chain V and C-regions. Because of these canonical residues, IgW is thought to both dimerise with light chains and associate with antigen as a typical heavy chain. IgW also possesses Vregions which are more similar to its own C-regions than any Ig yet described. In phylogenetic tree analysis, the IgW molecule is continually found to be the "root" of the Ig V and C-region trees constructed from the known Vand C-region genes. This, and IgW's V and C-region similarities support the contention that IgW is the most ancient Ig yet cloned, possibly being most closely related to the primordiallg gene. The second strategy adopted was the examination of the shark's V(O)J rearrangement machinery. The recombinase activating gene I (RAG I) is responsible for creating diversity in all extant gnathastomes, which is the hallmark of the recombining immune system. The shark RAG I was found to be extremely homologous to the known vertebrate RAG I genes, both at the nucleotide and amino acid levels (-64 % identical at both levels). Homology domains identified by the comparison of the vertebrate RAG I's and
Evolutionary aspects of migratory behavior in European warblers

During the past 20 years, European Sylvia warblers have been used for a model study of the control mechanisms of bird migration and of evolutionary aspects of migratory behavior. Endogenous annual rhythms (‘circannual’ rhythms) and photo‐period have proved to be the essential internal and external controlling factors. It is unknown whether this basic system, that also controls migration in other bird species, is currently evolutionarily stable or is instead adapting birds to the present slightly changing environmental conditions. Using the Blackcap, the control of partial migration in a bird species was analyzed. Two‐way selective breeding experiments demonstrated a large selection response and high heritability values. These experiments have also indicated that a partially migratory population can become either almost completely migratory, or sedentary, in two to five generations. Hence, genetic influences are very important and presumably dominant over environmental factors in the expression of migratory or sedentary behavior. The large selection response implies a strikingly high evolutionary potential with respect to strong selection pressures. Further, in the Blackcap, migratory orientation behavior (in addition to migratory activity) was immediately transmitted into a F1‐generation when a cross‐breeding experiment was performed using birds from a migratory and a resident population. The hybrids displayed their migratory activity along an axis that is used by their migratory parents. Finally, a rapidly developing novel migratory habit (new migratory direction to new wintering areas) in the Blackcap is discussed with respect to a positive feedback‐mechanism, possibly including a series of advantages leading to above‐average fitness.
Why is it so difficult to reduce gender inequality in male-dominated higher educational organizations? A feminist institutional perspective

Using a Feminist Institutional perspective, and drawing on a wide range of evidence in different institutions and countries, this article identifies the specific aspects of the structure and culture of male-dominated higher educational organizations that perpetuate gender inequality. Gender inequality refers to the differential evaluation of women and men, and of areas of predominantly female and predominantly male employment. It is reflected at a structural level in the under-representation of women in senior positions and at a cultural level in the legitimacy of a wide range of practices to value men and to facilitate their access to such positions and to undervalue women and to inhibit their access. It shows that even potentially transformative institutional interventions such as Athena SWAN have had little success in reducing gender inequality. It highlights the need to recognize the part played by the ‘normal’ structures and culture in perpetuating gender inequality.
ANALYSIS OF A DIFFERENCE IN THE BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS ACCORDING TO THE HABITUATION BY HEIGHTS OF SHOES: HIGH-HEEL AND LOW-HEEL SHOES

This study was performed to comprehensively investigate whether there is a difference in the biomechanical characteristics according to the habituation by heights of shoes of those who habituate to high heeled shoes and low heeled shoes. The women with low heeled habituation show significantly higher values of peak pressures in the lateral forefoot and midfoot areas, and wider contact areas in toes and midfoot than the women with high heeled habituation for the contact area. From the EMG comparison, the women with high heeled habituation show significantly higher maximum peak EMG in GM, and from the percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC), the women with high heeled habituation show significantly higher values of the plantarflexion in GM the low heeled shoe user. For the static balance, the women with high heeled habituation show significantly greater values with eyes open. The study was able to verify that there is a significant difference in biomechanical fitness such as foot pressure, %MVIC, etc. Based on the result, this study can be utilized as base data to develop a customized insole that disperses pressure and softens shock absorption of the high heeled shoes.
From Blockbuster to Neighbourhood Buster: The Effect of Films on Barcelona

In recent years, cities such as Venice, Dubrovnik, Paris and Barcelona have experienced an exponential increase in visitor numbers leading to episodes of tourismphobia by anti-tourism movements, or even the decline of the destination. Among other solutions, some destinations see film-induced tourism as a possible way of diversifying tourism supply and demand. Through the analysis of the locations of six thematic film routes in Barcelona compared to the same locations on the largest online travel review platform, TripAdvisor, it is concluded that, far from spreading out tourist flows, fiction-induced tourism in Barcelona has concentrated tourism at the main attractions of the city. Only a few exceptions of films with minor audiences lead tourists off the beaten track. Overall, this paper provides a set of recommendations, strategies and challenges for destination managers to help alleviate overtourism and to offer more sustainable tourism away from spots that attract mass tourism.
Performance and slaughter value of Polish Merino, Booroola and Suffolk crossbred lambs

Polish Merino lambs (ewes and rams, n=322) and crossbred Polish Merino, Booroola and Suffolk lambs were raised for 8 weeks, then intensively fattened (rams, n=66) to a body weight of 35 kg. Lambs with a genotype of 75% Merino and 25% Booroola (MBM) had lower daily weight gains (181 g; P<0.01) during raising than Merino lambs (MM, 212 g). This relationship was not found in lambs with a genotype of 25% Merino, 25% Booroola and 50% Suffolk (MBS, daily gain 215 g). Body weight gains (372 g) of MBS rams were larger (P<0.01) during fattening than those of M B M (301 g) and M M (309 g) rams. MBS rams utilized less (P<0.01) concentrate dry matter, crude protein and metabolizable energy (2.9 kg, 608 g and 35.29 MJ) per kg body weight gain than M B M (3.5 kg, 735 g and 42.63 MJ) and M M (3.5 kg, 721 g and 41.86 MJ) rams, respectively. The slaughter value of MBS and M M rams was similar, while that of M B M rams was inferior due to the higher fat content of the carcasses.
Environmentally Friendly Water-Based Self-Crosslinking Acrylate Dispersion Containing Magnesium Nanoparticles and Their Films Exhibiting Antimicrobial Properties

A water-based polymeric acrylate dispersion (latex) containing MgO nanoparticles, which had been added at a concentration of 1.5% (with respect to the monomers) during the preparation procedure, was investigated as an environmentally friendly binder for sanitary interior paints. The properties of this new latex were compared to those of a reference system free of the magnesium nanoparticles, synthesized by the same route, i.e., by semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. Tests were made in order to ascertain the mechanical and chemical properties, flash corrosion resistance and antimicrobial effect of the latex films. The results revealed that the new latex containing magnesium nanoparticles provided solvent-resistant coating films having pronounced antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacterial and fungal strains. The desirable antimicrobial properties can be ascribed to the sharp-edged character of magnesium nanoparticles, the peroxidation of lipids and the formation of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, no flash corrosion was formed beneath coating films containing magnesium nanoparticles, which can be attributed to the alkaline action due to the dissolution of a fraction of MgO in latex medium. The results of all of the tests provided evidence of the superiority of the polymeric dispersion with the magnesium nanoparticles to the reference system containing no nanoparticles.
Motivation, Physical Work Environment, Non-Physical Work Environment, and Work Satisfaction (Study on the Government of Ternate City)

This study aims to examine the effect of motivation, physical work environment, non-physical work environment and job satisfaction on performance. A total of 63 respondents from Non-permanent Employees in the Regional Government of Ternate were surveyed in this study. The analytical tool used in this study is regression analysis. The results showed that of the four hypotheses proposed in this study, only hypothesis 1 was unsupported. Furthermore, at the end of the research results are discussed in this study.
Sexual Harassment and Victimization from Four Other Types of Interpersonal Aggression in Ghana: A Cycle of Victimization

The aim of the study was to investigate victimization from sexual harassment, and level of emotional distress due to it, are associated with four other types of victimization. A questionnaire was completed by 280 female university students and lecturers in Ghana. The mean age was 26.7 years ( SD = 6.2). The questionnaire included scales for measuring frequency of sexual harassment, emotional distress due to sexual harassment, physical punishment during childhood, victimization from peer aggression at school, and victimization from intimate partner aggression. Respondents who were more than average victimized from sexual harassment scored significantly higher on physical punishment during childhood, victimization from peer aggression at school (revictimization), and victimization from intimate partner aggression (multiple victimization). When frequency of sexual harassment was controlled for, emotional distress caused by sexual harassment correlated positively with victimization from peer aggression at school, and victimization from verbal intimate partner aggression, thus suggesting sensitization to aggression. Victimization from sexual harassment was associated with higher levels of both previous and simultaneous victimization from other types of aggression, thus corroborating the principles of both revictimization and multiple victimization. The finding does not suggest that sexual harassment in all cases is associated with other types of victimization. Keywords: sexual harassment, revictimization, emotional distress, Ghana
THE STYLES’ VARIATION CONTAINED IN FRENCH MEDIA

The use of language styles has a widely varied purpose to convey information that is not explicitly expressed by the speaker. This study is aimed at describing the form and function of the styles contained in the French media. The subjects of this research are phrases and sentences contained in the CDP Lyrics in the Blonde albums, alcoholic beverages and advertisement aplle in French-language magazines, and in the speech by Francois Hollande in ‘Le Figaro’ newspaper. Data collection is done by observation and recording techniques using data tables. Data analysis uses the agih method. The analysis of the language style functions is done by using the speech components of SPEAKING. The validity is obtained through semantic validity and reliability through intra-rater reliability. The results of the study show that the style of language in the media is necessary for speech so that the content of communication is more beautiful and attractive. Language style functions depend on the context and purpose of the speech. The most dominant function in the lyrics of the song is the poetic, which prioritizes beauty. In Alcoholic Beverage Ads, the expressive function becomes dominant to make the advertisement more alive. In the Apple Product Advertising on the Internet, the language function is referential for emphasizing the topics described. Keywords: language style, form and function VARIASI GAYA BAHASA DALAM MEDIA PERANCIS Abstrak Penggunaan gaya bahasa mempunyai tujuan yang sangat bervariasi untuk menyampaikan informasi yang tidak akan dinyatakan secara eksplisit oleh si penutur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bentuk dan fungsi gaya bahasa pada media komunikasi yang berupa lagu, iklan, dan Surat Kabar berbahasa Prancis. Subjek penelitian ini adalah frasa dan kalimat yang terdapat dalam Lagu CDP pada album Blonde, iklan minuman beralkohol, iklan aplle dalam majalah berbahasa Prancis, dan Pidato Francois Hollande dalam Surat Kabar Le Figaro. Pengumpulan data dengan metode simak dan teknik catat dengan tabel data. Analisis data menggunakan metode agih. Penentuan fungsi gaya bahasa menggunakan metode padan referensial. Fungsi penggunaan gaya bahasa dianalisis dengan komponen tutur SPEAKING. Keabsahan data melalui validitas semantis, reliabilitas dengan intra-rater. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahasa gaya bahasa yang paling menonjol pada lagu adalah asonansi dan hiperbola, pada iklan minuman beralkohol adalah aliterasi dan hiperbola, pada pidato Francois Hollande adalah repetisi dan hiperbola, pada iklan apple adalah asonansi dan aliterasi. Fungsi bahasa yang sering muncul adalah referensial kecuali pada iklan minuman beralkohol, yang dominan adalah fungsi emotif. Fungsi gaya bahasa tergantung pada konteks dan tujuan. Gaya bahasa di media diperlukan agar konten indah dan menarik. Kata kunci : Gaya Bahasa, Bahasa Prancis, Bentuk dan Fungsi
Global dust cycle and uncertainty in CMIP5 models

Abstract. Dust cycle is an important component of the Earth system and have been implemented into climate models and Earth System Models (ESMs). An assessment of the dust cycle in these models is vital to address the strengths and weaknesses of these models in simulating dust aerosol and its interactions with the Earth system and enhance the future model developments. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of global dust cycle in 15 models participating in the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The various models are compared with each other and with an aerosol reanalysis as well as station observations of dust deposition and concentrations. The results show that the global dust emission in these models ranges from 735 to 8186 Tg yr−1 and the annual mean dust burden ranges from 2.5 to 41.9 Tg, both of which scatter by a factor of about 10–20. The models generally agree with each other and observations in reproducing the dust belt that extends from North Africa, Middle East, Central and South Asia, to East Asia, although they differ largely in the spatial extent of this dust belt. The models also differ in other dust source regions such as North America and Australia, where the contributions of these sources to global dust emissions vary by a factor of more than 500. We suggest that the coupling of dust emission with dynamic vegetation can enlarge the range of simulated dust emission. For the removal process, all the models estimate that wet deposition is a smaller sink than dry deposition and wet deposition accounts for 12–39 % of total deposition. The models also estimate that most (77–91 %) of dust particles are deposited onto continents and 9–23 % of them are deposited into oceans. A linear relationship between dust burden, lifetime, and fraction of wet deposition to total deposition from these models suggests a general consistency among the models. Compared to the observations, most models reproduce the dust deposition and dust concentrations within a factor of 10 at most stations, but larger biases by more than a factor of 10 are also noted at specific regions and for certain models. These results cast a doubt on the interpretation of the simulations of dust-affected fields in climate models and highlight the need for further improvements of dust cycle especially on dust emission in climate models.