Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric parameters of heart and left ventricle – comparison of 3D CRT and IMRT in left cancer breast

Background: Conformal Radiotherapy techniques adapting to the ballistics of delineated volumes allowed significant reduction in excess radiation induced mortality however the increasing number of long-term survivors and expanding use of cardiotoxic drug highlight the persistent need for maximal cardiac possible sparing. The low dose volume of left ventricle are better predictor of acute coronary events than mean heart dose. Materials and Methods: 38 post-MRM patients were randomized to treatment by 3Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3D CRT) and Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) technique. Two tangential beams were used in 3D CRT technique while five to seven (mostly tangential beams) were used in inversely planned IMRT technique. The dose volume parameters of planning target volume, heart and left ventricle were compared. Results: The dosimetry of Planning target volume showed significantly better coverage in IMRT technique (D90, D95) however the D50 was comparable in both the techniques. In dosimetry of heart, the high dose volumes (V30, V40) were nearly comparable in both the techniques. The other dose volume parameters (V5, V10, V20, V25, D33, D67, D100) and the mean dose were significantly lesser in 3D CRT technique along with significantly better sparing of left ventricle (Dmean and V5). Conclusion: The dosimetry of target volume was better with IMRT technique, but this was accompanied by a huge increase in dose to whole heart and specifically the left ventricle which has strong potential to translate into an increased cardiotoxicity. A better distribution of the target region may be obtained by multiple segmentation of the two tangential fields in 3D CRT plans with further reduction in dose to heart and left ventricle.
The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) With Cerebral Lateralization and Grip Strength in Elite Swimmers

The index finger and the 4th finger ratio (2D:4D) is the indicator of the prenatal testosterone. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between 2D:4D, hand preference and hand grip strength in swimmers. A total of 80 elite swimmers, participated in the study. Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), hand 2D:4D finger measurements and hand grip strength tests were performed for athletes. The hand preference was determined by the Oldfield questionnaire and it was evaluated according to the Geschwind score. The data were recorded in the SPSS 20 program and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. It was found that in both men and women, a negative correlation was found between right and left hand 2D:4D and both dominant (DHGS) and non-dominant hand grip strength (NDHGS) values. It was found that men had lower 2D:4D ratio than women. For both right and left handed, there was a statistically significant difference between the right and left hand 2D:4D ratios in both men and women (p<0.05) and the dominant hand (DH) 2D:4D ratios were found to be lower than non-dominant hand (NDH) 2D:4D ratios in both men and women (p<0.05) It can be said that the 2D:4D ratios may be the effect of determining the hand preference, the grip strength and therefore the strength.
Investigation of Bacterial Profile Present in Primary and Secondary Endodontic Infections by Nested and Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction - An Invivo study

This study was done to identify the bacteria present in patients with primary and secondary endodontic infections referred to department of conservative dentistry and endodontics, ragas dental college and hospital using Nested and Multiplex PCR. Root canal samples were collected from 40 patients categorized into 2 groups with each group containing 20 patients each. Group 1 consisting of patients diagnosed with primary endodontic infection and Group 2 consisting of patients diagnosed with secondary endodontic infection. DNA extraction from the collected samples was done using boiling and lyses method. The extracted DNA was stored at -200 C until PCR assay. Bacterial identification was done using Nested PCR. The identification of Enterococcus faecalis was exclusively done using Multiplex PCR using three set of primers. The entire PCR products were loaded in 1.5% agarose gel and electrophoresed for 1- 1.5 hours in 0.5X TBE buffer along with a 100 bp ladder. After staining the gel with ethidium bromide solution, the DNA bands were visualized under UV illumination (GELDOC). The amplicon size of the first round PCR was 766 bp and the second round was 470 bp. The second round product was further sequenced. All the 16S r DNA sequences obtained were blasted in the Gene Bank Database. In addition, all 16S r DNA sequences were also compared with database sequence of the Ribosomal Database Project and the Human Oral Microbiome Database. The identified bacteria were tabulated. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that, 1. There is variation in the endodontic microbiota according to the geographic location. 2. Diversity in endodontic microbiota is not only seen in primary endodontic infections but also in secondary endodontic infections to a greater extent. 3. Firmicutes are the major phyla found in both primary and secondary endodontic infections 4. Enterococcus faecalis was found in 20% (4 out of 20) cases diagnosed with secondary endodontic infection. 5. Enterococcus faecalis was present only in 5% (1 out of 20) cases diagnosed with primary endodontic infection. 6. The one species which was newly identified in this present study is Lysinibacillus fusiformis, found in 2 out of 20 cases investigated under primary endodontic infection.
The continuous growth and development of ‘International Schooling’: the notion of a ‘transitionary phase’

Volume 38 of Compare included my paper (Bunnell 2008) addressing the changing landscape of ‘International Schooling’. There, I had argued the case for identifying and predicting a ‘second phase’ of growth and development appearing, after a slow, gradual growth pattern evident since at least the 1960s. A decade later, it seems time to re-visit the situation, and discuss the emergent nature of this shifting scene especially as it was at that time, ‘relatively early in its development’ (Bunnell 2008, 416). In particular, the arena is now ripe for sociological inquiry (Resnik 2012; Tarc and Mishra Tarc 2015), and we can now add a sociological lens to my notion of there being two ‘phases’ of growth and development.
2D and 3D Geovisualization: Learning user Preferences in Landslide Vulnerability

Landslides often cause impacts on the environment, infrastructure, and society. The impacts of landslides can be minimized by creating disaster awareness. Landslide vulnerability mapping can be used as a dissemination media to increase disaster awareness. The mapping methods that can be used are 2D and 3D geovisualization. There is very few research in current literature explaining the user preferences on geovisualization 2D and 3D related to landslide vulnerability. Â In this paper, the user preferences of both 2D and 3D geovisualization will be evaluated. This study will focus to find out which geovisualization suits most users and their literacy spatial among those provided geovisualizations. From our results, 90% of users prefer 3D geovisualization over 2D. Furthermore, our analysis shows that 2D geovisualization has the advantage of being easily understood by users in all ages. Meanwhile, 3D geovisualization is better at increasing users' spatial literacy at all ages and levels of education in knowing the causes of landslide vulnerability. Appropriate geovisualization will provide information and knowledge that is useful for communities in regards of landslide vulnerability for better disaster awareness
Anemia and high therapeutic doses of recombinant human erythropoietin in chronic kidney disease - a linkage of risk?

Hepcidin is the major central regulator of iron metabolism, controlling iron absorption and mobilization. Considering its interaction with several factors that are altered in chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in hyporesponsive CKD patients under therapy with high recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) doses, we aimed to study the impact of increasing rHuEPO doses on the regulation of iron-hepcidin metabolism. We performed blood, cellular and tissue studies, using the remnant kidney rat model of CKD induced by 5/6 nephrectomy, under rHuEPO (100, 200, 400 and 600IU/Kg body weight [BW]/week) treatment during 3 weeks. We found that the rHuEPO stimulus triggers a first wave to achieve correction of anemia, by inhibiting hepcidin synthesis, favouring erythropoiesis and iron absorption; this continuous stimulus enhanced iron absorption leading to iron overload, as showed by the hepatic iron deposits found in rats treated with higher rHuEPO dose that seems to trigger the up-regulation of hepcidin synthesis through the activation of the BMP6/SMAD pathway. Our data suggests that liver iron overload is an important stimulus for hepcidin synthesis, stronger than the inhibitory effect of high rHuEPO doses; moreover, our findings raise the hypothesis that when high inflammation (triggering hepcidin expression) is associated with increased iron stores in hemodialysis patients, hepcidin expression is also up-regulated via BMP6, enhancing hepcidin synthesis, leading, therefore, to worsening of anemia and, eventually, to a hyporesponse/resistance to rHuEPO therapy.
Implementasi Pembentukan Akhlak Terpuji Melalui Pembiasaan Shalat Dhuha Pada Kelompok B Usia 5-6 Tahun TK Islam An Nuur Tahun Ajaran 2018-2019

Shalat merupakan kegiatan yang wajib di lakukan bagi umat Islam, dalam agama Islam sangat di anjurkan kepada umatnya untuk melakukan shalat sebagai bentuk akhlak kepada Allah SWT. Namun pada kenyataannya umat Islam khususnya orang dewasa masih belum bisa melakukan shalat dan masih banyak orang yang tidak mencerminkan akhlak terpuji. Oleh sebab itu, pembiasaan shalat perlu dilakukan sejak dini baik itu di rumah atau di sekolah demi terbentuknya akhlak terpuji pada anak. Adapun pembiasaan melakukan shalat dhuha bersama di TK Islam An nuur kelompok B usia 5-6 tahun yang mampu mendukung pembentukkan akhlak terpuji bangi anak. Penelitian skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pembiasaan shalat dhuha dan mengetahui hasil dari pembiasaan shalat dhuha dalam pembentukkan akhlak terpuji pada anak usia dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian berupa proses pelaksanaan pembiasaan shalat dhuha dilakukan sesuai dengan kurikulum bahwa jadwalnya 5 kali dalam satu minggu. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi yang telah dilakukan bahwa melalui pembiasaan shalat dhuha bersama di TK Islam An-nuur dapat di katakan sudah efektif dan sangat berpengaruh, hal itu dibuktikan dengan perilaku peserta didik yang dapat melakukan kegiatan tersebut secara berulang ulang dan terus menerus sehingga terbentuk peserta didik yang berakhlak terpuji. Kata kunci : Akhlak terpuji, Pembiasaan, Shalat Dhuha.
Use of Educational Technology in Special Education: Perceptions of Teachers

The purpose of this study is to understand opinions, experiences, and perceptions of special education teachers with educational technologies. This study is a part of a larger project that targets developing instructional materials for students with special needs, their teachers and parents. Needs analysis was conducted to understand the current situation. Participants were 27 teachers in 6 different schools from Ankara, Turkey. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by taking content analysis approach. The results indicated that teachers’ use of technology for instructional purposes was very limited due to lack of infrastructure and appropriate material. Teachers believe that technology use in classroom improves quality of educational outcomes and job satisfaction. In relation to learning new technologies for educational use, teachers do not feel obligation to learn new technologies unless it becomes a necessity. Moreover, there is a large potential to develop materials in special education field with new technologies. Along with developing materials for students using bodily movement detection, touch screen, and smart toys technologies, it is also necessary to train teachers how to use them in classroom and to train parents to continue student’s education at home. Materials could support teachers while teaching self-care skills, social skills, and cognitive concepts. Moreover, they help students to reinforce and transfer these skills and knowledge to new contexts by providing many practice-feedback and variety of real contexts.
Geo-Spatial Analysis of Urban Wetlands Loss in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

Urban wetlands make cities livable in many important ways. They reduce flooding, replenish drinking water, filter waste, provide urban green spaces, and are a source of livelihoods in most urban areas. This study aims to geo-spatially analyze urban wetland loss in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area (LGA), Rivers State, Nigeria. The study analyses land use /land cover changes (LULC) using Landsat7 UTM images of 2000, 2009 and 2018. The satellite images covering the area were acquired and analyzed using ArcGIS10.6. A total area of 25,773.39 sq km was delineated in the study area. After processing the imagery, five LULC classes where developed in ArcGIS environment, such as wetland, built-up area, vegetation, water bodies and bare surface. The study shows that the urban land-use of Obio-Akpor LGA had changed dramatically during the period of 18 years. In 2000, wetlands occupied the second-lowest classes with 9.12% (2352.15 sq.km) of the total classes due to high level of urban development in the area while built-up areas occupied the third-highest classes with 17.62% (4543.83 sq.km) of the total classes. In 2009, the study revealed that the built-up area (urban land use) rose to 19.3% (4975.11 sq.km) and Original Research Article Collins and Elekwachi; AJGR, 3(1): 35-48, 2020; Article no.AJGR. 54603 36 maintained an increase in urban growth due to changes from constructions of many roads and houses while wetlands also surprisingly experienced an increase and occupied the third-highest classes with 19.17% (4942.26 sq.km). Evidence from the study show that 2018 witnessed an expansion in terms of developmental activities in all facets as the built-up area increased in threefold size within the year, bare surface reduced to a class of 15.47% (4057.29 sq.km) forcing developers to develop towards the wetland ecosystem. The wetlands, therefore, experienced a sharp decline to 4.91% (1266.75 sq.km) due to rapid conversion of wetlands for housing development and excessive urban sprawl and its associated problems of inefficient use of land, urban space and the development of shanty towns/slums. The study concluded that there is a need for the wise use of wetland resources and improvement of institutional arrangement so that wetland policies can be fully integrated into the planning process across all disciplines.
PAIN AND FRAILTY IN ELDERLY FEMALES WITH OSTEOPOROSIS

YAŞLI OSTEOPOROZLU KADINLARDA AĞRI VE KIRILGANLIK Introduction: Most adults who live to an advanced age become frail. Although not a disease, frailty is a combination of age-related changes and associated medical problems. This descriptive study aimed to determine the pain level and frailty status of elderly females with osteoporosis. Materials and Method: The present study sample consisted of 105 elderly females with osteoporosis who were admitted to the geriatric outpatient units of two university hospitals. Data were collected using the questionnaire prepared by the author on the basis of a literature review, the Geriatric Pain Scale and the Edmonton Frail Scale. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test, the Kruskal–Wallis H test and correlation analysis. Results: In total, 6.7% of the elderly females with osteoporosis reported a slight level of pain, 67.3% reported mild pain and 26% reported severe pain. Edmonton Frail Scale mean scores indicated that 16.3% of the subjects had moderate frailty and that 44.2% had severe frailty. Elderly females with osteoporosis who were sad and depressed during the past seven days due to pain were found to be more fragile (p<0.05). In addition, weight loss, depressive symptoms and urinary incontinence were related to frailty (p<0.05). A poor positive significant relationship was found between the mean scores of the Geriatric Pain Scale and the Edmonton Frail Scale. Conclusion: Nurses and people involved in health care should assess the frailty status of elderly females with osteoporosis, particularly those reporting pain, and be aware of the characteristics, possible symptoms and affecting factors.
Η επίδραση της αρχικής εκπαίδευσης των εκπαιδευτικών σε βιωματικές μεθόδους διδασκαλίας στις πρακτικές τους στην προσχολική εκπαίδευση.

Undergraduate students of the Department of Early Childhood Education at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, who were trained in experiential education through experiential workshops, understood its principles and identified them as components of their education in their self-evaluation texts. The analytical categories that derived from the analysis of the self- evaluation texts and appeared most frequently are related to a) the trainers actively listening their students b) the role of trainers in facilitating, propos¬ing relevant experiential exercises and going along with their students to¬wards new knowledge c) the participation of learners in the learning process d) communication issues between trainers and students. The analysis of the same texts shows that these students have applied those principles in kinder¬garten schools of Thessaloniki as part of their teaching practice.
The Eruca sativa Genome and Transcriptome: A Targeted Analysis of Sulfur Metabolism and Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Pre and Postharvest

Rocket (Eruca sativa) is a source of health-related metabolites called glucosinolates (GSLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) but little is known of the genetic and transcriptomic mechanisms responsible for regulating pre and postharvest accumulations. We present the first de novo reference genome assembly and annotation, with ontogenic and postharvest transcriptome data relating to sulfur assimilation, transport, and utilization. Diverse gene expression patterns related to sulfur metabolism and GSL biosynthesis are present between inbred lines of rocket. A clear pattern of differential expression determines GSL abundance and the formation of hydrolysis products. One breeding line sustained GSL accumulation and hydrolysis product formation throughout storage. Copies of MYB28, SLIM1, SDI1 and ESM1 orthologs have increased and differential expression postharvest, and are associated with GSLs and hydrolysis product formation. Two glucosinolate transporter gene orthologs (GTR2) were found to be associated with increased GSL accumulations.
Assessment of Cardiac Autonomic Function by Post Exercise Heart Rate Recovery in Diabetics

Abstract Background and Aims: Autonomic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients may translate into an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Autonomic system regulates ‘heart rate recovery’ (HRR), an important predictor of cardiovascular mortality, which can be assessed using the exercise electrocardiogram (ECG). Hence, utilizing HRR, this study assessed the autonomic function of the cardiovascular system after one minute of exercise stress test in both, patients with and without type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: A prospective case control study involving 50 patients with type 2 DM and 50 without type 2 DM, matched for age and sex, was carried out. Each subject underwent an exercise stress test by treadmill using the Bruce protocol. Cardiovascular parameters like heart rate was recorded using a 12 lead ECG along with blood pressure. Results: Patients with T2DM had lesser HRR after exercise (p < 0.001). Exercise capacity was significantly reduced among patients with T2DM when compared to controls (p = 0.01). A multiple linear regression analysis (R2=0.26) revealed that duration of diabetes (β=−0.02, p=0.048) and resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β=−010, p=0.048) are independent predictors of HRR. Conclusion: The study revealed HRR to be significantly reduced among patients with type 2 DM. HRR may hint at the presence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction and predict the cardiovascular mortality.
A prospective, randomized and double blind once-monthly oral Ibandronate and Risedronate in post-menopausal osteoporosis leprosy patients

Objectives: The aim of the current investigation was to compare relative efficacy, tolerability and adherence of once monthly regimen of oral Ibandronate and Risedronate in postmenopausal osteoporotic leprosy patients with its impact on severity of the disease and quality of life. Method: This double blind, comparative study was conducted among 200 postmenopausal osteoporotic leprosy patients. The enrolled participants were screened for various diagnostic parameters. The participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either oral Ibandronate (150 mg single tablet- once monthly) or oral Risedronate (150 mg single tablet- once monthly) for a period of one year. Results: Present study showed that treatment with both Ibandronate and Risedronate increased hip BMD, and Z-test with repeated measurements was used to examine the significance of the longitudinal changes in the BMD. The difference in the efficacy of the two drugs in increasing hip BMD might be attributed to the greater efficacy of Ibandronate in reducing bone turnover than that of Risedronate. Conclusion: Once monthly Ibandronate has a potential to decrease the severity of osteoporosis as compared to once monthly Risedronate. Also, the quality of life in terms of general health status, physical activity and pain, limitation in daily activity and the emotional status in postmenopausal osteoporotic leprosy patients is better with Ibandronate than that of Risedronate.
Audit effort, materiality and audit fees: evidence from the adoption of IFRS in Australia

This paper aims to investigate the association between International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) effort due to higher levels of material adjustments and audit fees. In addition, this paper tests whether these associations differ between industry specialist auditors and non-specialist auditors. ,The authors measure IFRS effort by using differences between local GAAP and IFRS. More specifically, they measure the differences in the balances of accounts that are prepared under IFRS as opposed to the previously used Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) standards. They posit that higher material adjustments and more risk to fair presentation of financial statements require additional accounting and auditing effort (“IFRS effort”). ,The authors find that audit fees are higher when accounting standards are more material and complex at an aggregate level. Nevertheless, not all standards are equally complex and/or material and not all individual standards contribute to higher audit fees. In addition, the results show that the positive association between IFRS effort and audit fees is more pronounced when firms are audited by city-level industry specialists than by non-industry specialists. ,Overall, the results are consistent with the prediction of increasing audit fees for firms requiring higher levels of IFRS effort compared to firms requiring lower levels of IFRS effort. The results contribute to the understanding that not all IFRS are equally complex and, thereby, the standards require different levels of auditor effort. Isolating specific standards based on materiality/risk levels is informative to standard setters for standard setting, standard implementation and post-implementation review of standards.