Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consumption of foods with the highest nutritional quality, and the lowest greenhouse gas emissions and price, differs between socio-economic groups in the UK population

Abstract Objective: To establish a baseline understanding of whether consuming food with the highest nutritional quality, lowest greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and cost differs between different UK demographic and socio-economic population groups. Design: Multiple linear regression models were fitted to evaluate the relationship between predictor socio-demographic variables in this study (i.e. sex, ethnic group, age, BMI and level of deprivation) and the response variables (i.e. consumption of items considered most nutritious, with a low GHGE and price, as a proportion of total items consumed). Setting: The UK. Participants: 1374 adult (18–65 years) participants from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey latest waves 9–11 (2016–2017 and 2018–2019). Results: Based on the total energy consumption in a day, the average diet-based GHGE was significantly higher for participants with a higher BMI. Non-white and most deprived participants spent significantly (P < 0·001) less money per total energy consumption. Participants with a BMI between 18·6 and 39·9 kg/m2 and those living in the least deprived areas consumed a significantly (P < 0·001) higher amount of those items considered the most nutritious, with the lowest GHGE and cost per 100 kcal. Conclusions: Consumption of food with the highest nutritional quality, lowest GHGE and cost in the UK varies among those with different socio-demographic characteristics, especially the deprivation level of participants. Our analysis endorses the consideration of environmental sustainability and affordability, in addition to the consideration of nutritional quality from a health perspective, to make current dietary guidelines more encompassing and equitable.
Comparison of Predicted and Measured Shoaling at Morro Bay Harbor Entrance, California

Abstract : This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) summarizes comparisons of predicted and measured shoaling at Morro Bay Harbor Entrance, California. Shoaling predictions were determined by the U.S. Army Engineer District, Los Angeles, as part of the navigation improvements Feasibility Report (USAED, Los Angeles, 1991). Prototype survey data were collected in pre- and post dredge surveys and during a monitoring effort at the site that was conducted as part of the Monitoring Completed Navigation Projects (MCNP) Program. Validation of design procedures used to predict shoaling with prototype data increases confidence levels in design tools for future applications.
Impact of genotype‐calling methodologies on genome‐wide association and genomic prediction in polyploids

Discovery and analysis of genetic variants underlying agriculturally important traits are key to molecular breeding of crops. Reduced representation approaches have provided cost‐efficient genotyping using next‐generation sequencing. However, accurate genotype calling from next‐generation sequencing data is challenging, particularly in polyploid species due to their genome complexity. Recently developed Bayesian statistical methods implemented in available software packages, polyRAD, EBG, and updog, incorporate error rates and population parameters to accurately estimate allelic dosage across any ploidy. We used empirical and simulated data to evaluate the three Bayesian algorithms and demonstrated their impact on the power of genome‐wide association study (GWAS) analysis and the accuracy of genomic prediction. We further incorporated uncertainty in allelic dosage estimation by testing continuous genotype calls and comparing their performance to discrete genotypes in GWAS and genomic prediction. We tested the genotype‐calling methods using data from two autotetraploid species, Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Vaccinium corymbosum, and performed GWAS and genomic prediction. In the empirical study, the tested Bayesian genotype‐calling algorithms differed in their downstream effects on GWAS and genomic prediction, with some showing advantages over others. Through subsequent simulation studies, we observed that at low read depth, polyRAD was advantageous in its effect on GWAS power and limit of false positives. Additionally, we found that continuous genotypes increased the accuracy of genomic prediction, by reducing genotyping error, particularly at low sequencing depth. Our results indicate that by using the Bayesian algorithm implemented in polyRAD and continuous genotypes, we can accurately and cost‐efficiently implement GWAS and genomic prediction in polyploid crops.
Classification of the Johnson Space Center Stratospheric Dust Collection

The NASA Johnson Space Center stratospheric dust collection program has made available to the scientific community a rare set of materials for studies of (1) extraterrestrial materials germane to the early history of the solar system and (2) natural and man-made terrestrial materials in the stratosphere. A review of the first 291 cataloged particles provides a basis for a reliable taxonomy of all stratospheric particles. Data used in this review include particle shape, size, bulk chemistry, and texture. Extraterrestrial materials occur in all three defined categories: spheres, aggregates, and fragments. Approximately 76% of aggregates are of probable extraterrestrial origin. Spheres contain the least amount of extraterrestrial material (∼43%). A number of new groups of stratospheric particles have been identified. These include aluminum and silicate aggregates, aluminum fragments, and aluminum prime spheres and fragments. Limitations to the use of this classification scheme are based primarily upon the lack of additional data to unambiguously define particle origin.
Black phosphorene/SnSe van der Waals heterostructure as a promising anchoring anode material for metal-ion batteries

Black phosphorene (BP) is a glowing two-dimensional semiconducting layer material for cutting-edge microelectronics, with high carrier mobility and thickness-dependent band gap. Here, based on van der Waals (vdW)-corrected first-principles approaches, we investigated stacked BP/tin selenide (BP/SnSe) vdW heterostructure as an anode material for metal ion batteries, which exhibits a significant theoretical capacity, along with relatively durable binding strength compared to the constituent BP and SnSe monolayers. Our calculations demonstrated that the Li/Na adatom favors insertion into the interlayer region of BP/SnSe vdW heterostructure owing to synergistic interfacial effect, resulting in comparable diffusivity to the BP and SnSe monolayers. Subsequently, the theoretical specific capacities for Li/Na are found to be as high as 956.30 mAhg−1 and 828.79 mAhg−1, respectively, which could be attributed to the much higher storage capacity of Li/Na adatoms in the BP/SnSe vdW heterostructure. Moreover, the electronic structure calculations reveal that a large amount of charge transfer assists in semiconductor-to-metallic transition upon lithiation/sodiation, ensuring good electrical conductivity. These simulations verify that the BP/SnSe vdW heterostructure has immense potential for application in the design of metal-ion battery technologies.
Effect of breaks from sugarcane monoculture and biocides on the growth and yield of a subsequent sugarcane crop.

Plots of continual sugarcane (plough-out/re-plant or PO/RP), and 54 month pasture, crop and bare fallow (BF) breaks were split to six biocide treatments prior to re-planting to sugarcane. The biocide treatments were control, fumigated, nematicide applied twice or four times, fungicide, and fungicide plus nematicide. There was no significant difference in yield between the different breaks but they out-yielded PO/RP by around 20%. Similar yields were achieved with fumigation, fungicide and fungicide plus nematicide but all three significantly out-yielded the control and both nematicide treatments. Nematicides alone produced a similar yield to the control. However, nematicides had a synergistic effect in combination with fungicide. The unfumigated crop and pasture breaks produced yields similar to fumigated PO/RP. However, there was a further response to fumigating crop, pasture and BF breaks, possibly due to either detrimental biota remaining in the soil following the breaks, nutritional differences created by the breaks or a combination of both. The results indicate that the percent increase in yield from fumigation can be re-produced by the combination of fungicide and nematicide following PO/RP and BF but not following crop or pasture breaks.
Bone Marrow Adiposity Alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Are Sex‐Specific and Associated with Serum Lipid Levels

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has negative effects on skeletal health. A proposed mechanism of diabetic bone disease connects hyperlipidemia to increased bone marrow adiposity and decreased bone quality. Previous research on Type 1 diabetes reported positive associations between serum lipid levels and marrow adiposity, but no data exist for T2D. In addition, marrow adiposity is sex‐dependent in healthy populations, but sex has not been addressed adequately in previous reports of marrow adiposity in T2D. The purpose of this study was to quantify associations of marrow adiposity and composition with T2D status, serum lipid levels, and sex. T2D patients and normoglycemic controls (n = 39/37) were included. Single‐voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was performed at the spine and tibia. Quantitative MRS outcomes of marrow adiposity and composition were calculated. Linear regression models were used to compare MRS outcomes among groups and to evaluate associations of MRS outcomes with serum lipid levels. All analyses were performed on sex‐stratified subgroups. Total, unsaturated, and saturated fat content at the spine were lower in T2D participants compared to controls in age‐adjusted models; these differences were significant in men but not in women. In our study cohort, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) were lower in T2D participants compared to controls. Adjustment for LDL, HDL, and statin use attenuated the association of T2D status with unsaturated fat but not saturated fat in men. Further analysis confirmed significant associations between serum lipid levels and MRS outcomes. Specifically, we found a positive association between LDL cholesterol and total marrow fat in the male T2D group and a negative association between HDL and total marrow fat in the female T2D group. In conclusion, our results suggest that marrow adiposity and composition are associated with lipid levels as well as T2D status, and these relationships are sex‐specific. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Kinematics of slab tear faults during subduction segmentation and implications for Italian magmatism

Tectonic activity in convergent plate boundaries commonly involves backward migration (rollback) of narrow subducting slabs and segmentation of subduction zones through slab tearing. Here we investigate this process in the Italian region by integrating seismic tomography data with spatiotemporal analysis of magmatic rocks and kinematic reconstructions. Seismic tomography results show gaps within the subducting lithosphere, which are interpreted as deep (100–500 km) subvertical tear faults. The development of such tear faults is consistent with proposed kinematic reconstructions, in which different rates of subduction rollback affected different parts of the subduction zone. We further suggest a possible link between the development of tear faults and the occurrence of regional magmatic activity with transitional geochemical signatures between arc type and OIB type, associated with slab tearing and slab breakoff. We conclude that lithospheric‐scale tear faults play a fundamental role in the destruction of subduction zones. As such, they should be incorporated into reconstructions of ancient convergent margins, where tear faults are possibly represented by continental lineaments linked with magmatism and mineralization.
Cognitive training for children with ADHD: Individual differences in training and transfer gains

The aim of this dissertation was to determine the efficacy of cognitive training for school-aged children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. We were mainly interested in whether the effects of training would generalize to functioning in everyday life, especially in terms of classroom behavior and academic performance. By means of a randomized controlled trial we investigated the effects of Cogmed Working Memory Training (CWMT) and a new, classroom embedded, cognitive training called ‘Paying Attention in Class’ (PAC) which contained a working memory and a compensatory executive function training. Children in both treatment groups improved on the short and long-term on multiple neurocognitive outcome measures. These results were supported by improvements found on parent and teachers executive functioning and ADHD related behavior ratings. Children did not improve on measures of academic performance, behavior in class and quality of life. Given the clinical and pathophysiological heterogeneity of ADHD, the other chapters in this thesis focused on the individual differences in treatment outcomes. It was found that several clinical and baseline neurocognitive variables influenced the treatment outcome measures, indicating that cognitive training might be more beneficial for certain subgroups. We suggest that cognitive training should be viewed as an adjunctive treatment of current guidelines, bearing in mind that it is not an one size fits all treatment. Although future research still faces many theoretical and methodological challenges before cognitive training meets the criteria as an evidence-based treatment for ADHD, this dissertation has highlighted the need to assess training and transfer gains on a more individual level.
The Jukebox Mode of Innovation - a Model of Commercial Open Source Development

In this Paper, I explore the circumstances under which innovation processes without secrecy or intellectual property protection are viable, and where free revealing of innovations is a profit-maximizing strategy. Motivated by an empirical study of embedded Linux, I develop a duopoly model of quality competition. Firms require two complementary technologies as inputs, but differ with respect to the relative importance of these technologies. I find that a regime with compulsory revealing can lead to higher product qualities and higher profits than a proprietary regime. When the decision to reveal is endogenized, equilibria with voluntary revealing arise, again superior to the proprietary outcome.
Serum uric acid to creatinine ratio as a risk factor for mortality among patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a multi-center retrospective study

Abstract Background Serum uric acid to serum creatinine ratio (SUA/Scr) has emerged as a new biomarker, which is significantly associated with several metabolic diseases. However, no study has investigated the association between SUA/Scr and mortality among patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Methods In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we enrolled CAPD patients in eight tertiary hospitals in China from 1 January 2005 to 31 May 2021. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the relationship between SUA/Scr and mortality. Results A total of 2480 patients were included; the mean age was 48.9 ± 13.9 years and 56.2% were males. During 12648.0 person-years of follow-up, 527 (21.3%) patients died, of which 267 (50.7%) deaths were caused by cardiovascular disease. After multivariable adjustment for covariates, per unit increase in SUA/Scr was associated with a 62.9% (HR, 1.629 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.420–1.867)) and 73.0% (HR, 1.730 (95% CI 1.467–2.041)) higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Results were similar when categorized individuals by SUA/Scr quartiles. Compared with the lowest quartile of SUA/Scr, the highest and the second highest quartile of SUA/Scr had a 2.361-fold (95% CI 1.810–3.080) and 1.325-fold (95% CI 1.003–1.749) higher risk of all-cause mortality, as well as a 3.701-fold (95% CI 2.496–5.489) and 2.074-fold (95% CI 1.387–3.100) higher risk of cardiovascular mortality. Multivariable-adjusted spline regression models showed nonlinear association of SUA/Scr with mortality in CAPD patients. Conclusions Higher levels of SUA/Scr were associated with higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in CAPD patients.
Thoracic SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumors With Unusual Presentations: A Case Series.

CONTEXT Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4-UT) is a recently described aggressive neoplasm of young smokers defined by SMARCA4 inactivating mutations and characterized by cells with rhabdoid morphology, high mitotic activity, and abundant necrosis. OBJECTIVE Describe and compare 3 unusual presentations of SMARCA4-UT in older adults, including one presenting as a metastatic lesion mimicking a primary bone sarcoma. Discuss the molecular characteristics of SMARCA4-UT and their relationship to nonsmall-cell lung carcinomas with SMARCA4. DESIGN Three patients with SMARCA4-UTs were identified utilizing a natural language search in CoPath. hematoxylin and eosin sections from all patients as well as Papanicolaou-stained slides and Diff-Quik-stained slides for the first patient were examined. A broad range of immunostains, including BRG1/SMARCA4, were evaluated. Molecular testing was performed via next-generation sequencing. RESULTS The 3 patients were aged 58, 70, and 70 years. All had a significant smoking history. The first patient presented with an iliac bone mass and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, the second with mediastinal adenopathy, and the third with a paratracheal mass. All 3 tumors showed a diffuse proliferation of pleomorphic, rhabdoid cells with high mitotic activity and tumor necrosis. SMARCA4 was lost in all 3 tumors by immunohistochemistry. Molecular testing revealed SMARCA4 alterations in the first 2. CONCLUSIONS Thoracic SMARCA4-UT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pleomorphic rhabdoid tumors in older adults with a smoking history. Although most present as lung and/or mediastinal masses, they may occasionally present as a metastasis and mimic an undifferentiated sarcoma, representing a potential diagnostic pitfall.
CHANGES OF LANDSCAPE PATTERN IN THE CHAOHU LAKE BASIN BASED ON REMOTE SENSING

Based on the analysis of land use data obtained from six Landsat TM and ETM images in the years of1989,1999and 2009,this paper took advantage of the hierarchical classification method and the method which is combined with the supervised classification and the artificial visual interpretation to extract landscape class information of land use in the Chaohu Lake Basin.Further more,the Fragstats software was utilized to analyze the changes of landscape pattern during 20years and to study its change regulation and variation characteristics.The results are as follows. (1)From 1989to 2009,the area of construction land in the Chaohu Lake Basin increased38 380hm2 and the dynamic degree was up to 18%,while the cultivated area reduced 34 230hm2.The area of water was relatively stable.The area of evergreen forest increased 40 350hm2,and on the other hand,the area of deciduous woodland decreased 6 760hm2.Besides,the increase area of urban construction land was major derived from the change of farm land and other types of land use. (2)The numbers of plaque(NP)and the patch density(PD)made a linear reduction during 20years,and all the decline rates were about 22%. With respect to the block shape index(LSI),it decreased quickly as its rate was about 28%. Moreover,the largest patch index(LPI)showed that the change rule of V shaped,and the aggregation index(AI)was steady rising,so that it illustrated that the landscape change was affected more and more by human activities. (3)In terms of the types of landscape,the numbers of plaque(NP)and the patch density(PD)showed a decreasing trend from 1989to 2009,the decline extent of which was nearly one half.The principal factors to make the numbers of plaque(NP)as well as the patch density(PD)descend were evergreen forest and other land.At the same time,the reduction of block shape index(LSI)was caused by farm land and other land. (4)With the changes of administrative division in the Chaohu Lake Basin and the rapid development of economy,great changes of the land use will be happened in the Chaohu Lake Basin.This paper will set up a background record of new developing pattern in order to provide social and economic development planning in the Chaohu Lake Basin with the scientific theory support in the future.
Exploring the relationship between organisational culture and planning processes in selected Western Australian sport associations

This study explored the effects of organisational culture on the planning processes of three state sport associations in Western Australia. Using the competing values framework of organisational culture and Chapman' s planning model, this study aimed to explore three research questions: (i) What are the demographic and organisational cultural profiles of the selected sport organisations? In particular, do professionals and volunteers share similar or different perceptions of the organisational cultures? ; (ii) Wh~t are the development planning processes for each sport association? How does each association perceive the development planning processes? , and; (iii) How does organisational culture influence planning processes? To find answers to these research questions, this study used two kinds of data: a survey for quantitative analysis, and interviews with CEO/President and board members of each association for qualitative analysis. For all the associations, group culture was strongly emphasised. This may be a tradition in sport, especially as Australian sport has a strong reliance on volunteers, and is a quality that distinguishes sport organisations from other types of organisations. The slightly lower emphasis on rational and developmental culture may be indicative of the newer trends of professionalism in sport and the tension between especially group culture and rational culture as professional officers (paid staff) take over managing sport from the volunteers. All these sport associations exhibited low to very low emphasis on hierarchical culture, suggesting that these attributes are less evident and less valued, and perhaps the organisational structures are less
Flow recession as a driver of the morpho‐texture of braided streams

Braiding has been widely studied in humid‐temperate climates though rarely in arid environments. Morpho‐texture of braided streams refers to the morphological‐textural organization in a braid‐cell (stream section including bars, anabranches and chutes) that may strongly relate to different processes and hydrological regimes. The objective of this study is to compare the morpho‐texture of braided streams governed by diverse flow recessions in different climates.