Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stock Market Anomaly: Day of the Week Effect in Bombay Stock Exchange with the Application of GARCH Model

It has observed from many stock markets around the world that index value used to vary due to fluctuation in stock prices. One of the most important factors of variation in the stock prices is the day of the week effect, which indicates calendar irregularities in stock markets. Investment in the stock market is the most uncertain; therefore investors get worried regarding the appropriate day to trade in the financial market. The main objective of the present study is to find out the appropriate day of the week effect of developing the stock market of an emergent nation like India from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2018. For fulfilling the objectives of the study, the daily closing value of four major indices of the Bombay Stock Exchange has been taken into consideration. To test the equality between average returns to different days and to examine the distribution pattern of daily returns series that measure the day of the week analysis, the parametric tools alike Mean and Standard deviation have employed. Apart from the parametric test, t-test has also applied to the daily returns in order to test the hypothesis. In this study, descriptive statistics and the GARCH model has also used with the purpose of measuring the day of the week effect analysis. Conferring to the results, the coefficients express that the return among different days of the week are statistically significant,
Effect of rotation system and N fertilizer on barley and vetch grown in various crop combinations and cycle lengths

Under rainfed Mediterranean conditions the dominant crops are cereals and legumes, with the most common crops being barley (Hordeum vulgare) and vetch (Vicia sativa). These two species are grown in rotation, where the cycle length depends on the productivity and the value of the products in the market. In order to study the productivity of cereals and legumes growing in various rotation combinations, an experiment was conducted during the 1982–2000 period, at Athalassa. The experimental site had a calcareous soil and is located in the central plane of Cyprus. The average rainfall is 250 mm per year. The rotation treatments tested were: (a) continuous barley, (b) continuous vetch, (c) vetch–barley, (d) vetch–barley–barley, (e) vetch–vetch–barley–barley and (f) vetch–vetch–vetch–barley–barley. Barley plots were equally divided to accommodate two rates of N fertilizer (0 and 60 kg N/ha) which were applied at seeding. Production of both vetch and barley was lower in monocultures than when the two species were grown in rotation. Vetch yield was similar in all rotations, irrespective of the position in the cycle. Productivity of barley was increased by nitrogen application only when grown as a second barley after vetch. However, in years with low productivity due to the rainfall amount and distribution, barley did not respond to nitrogen application. The first crop of barley after vetch gave maximum production without any nitrogen fertilizer application. Nitrogen fertilizer had a decreasing effect on the size and weight of barley grains. These results enable the farmers to select any of the rotation systems studied, based on the economics of the two species, without risking productivity. Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied only to the second crop after vetch in years with high rainfall.
The gene for the common α subunit of porcine pituitary glycoprotein hormone

The gene for the common alpha subunit of the porcine anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones was cloned from a genomic library constructed in EMBL3. The nucleotide sequence of the entire coding sequence of the porcine common alpha-subunit gene was determined in addition to one intron and 1059 and 160 bp of the 5'- and 3'-flanking regions respectively. Southern blot analysis of the porcine genomic DNA indicated that the common alpha-subunit gene is present as a single copy. The transcriptional unit of the porcine common alpha subunit spanned about 14 kb and contained four exons interrupted by three introns of about 11.5, 1.2 and 0.4 kb. The short untranslated sequence in the first exon and the location of the exon/intron junctions at amino acid residues +9/+10 and +71/+72 were highly conserved among the rat, human and bovine common alpha-subunit genes. In the proximal portion of the 5'-flanking region, one TATA box and one CCAAT box were present. A steroid-responsive element was not found up to 1059 bases upstream from the transcription start site. The potential AP-1 and AP-2 factor-responsive elements were present at three and one positions respectively in the 5'-flanking region. This feature suggests that hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone stimulates the expression of the common alpha-subunit gene predominantly by a signal-transduction system, with the protein kinase C cascade and factors AP-1 and AP-2 as mediators. The cyclic AMP-responsive element was also present at two positions, but a single base substitution was found in each sequence compared with the consensus sequence. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
EFFICACY OF INTRACORONAL BLEACHING USING NON THERMAL ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PLASMA AND ITS EFFECT ON PULP CHAMBER DENTIN. AN INVITRO STUDY

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intracoronal bleaching using non thermal atmospheric pressure plasma and its effect on pulp chamber dentin structure. Materials and methods: Two types of commercially available hydrogen peroxide bleaching systems were used in this study with a concentration of 32% (White smile GmbH). Thirty eight single rooted premolars were collected. The teeth were sectioned in half longitudinally in a mesio-distal direction and specimens were prepared according to the testing method used. Specimens were stained with a prepared standardized coffee solution. The sectioned teeth were divided into four groups according to the type of bleaching protocol used. Color measurements were done by a spectrophotometer before bleaching, one day and one week after bleaching for all the experimental groups. Universal Testing Machine with cross head speed of 1 mm/min was used for measuring microshear bond strength of the four investigated groups before and after bleaching. Data were analyzed statistically by: Duncan Multiple range test for means comparison and Paired t test for evaluating the effect of time and intervals on different parameters within each bleaching protocol. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed different findings among the bleached groups when evaluated after 1 day and 7 days. It was found that non thermal atmospheric plasma has a stronger bleaching effect than LED light when used as an activating method. Furthermore, the light bleached group showed a significant decrease in the microshear bond strength values after bleaching. While, there was no statistically significant difference in microshear bond strength values of the other three groups. Conclusion: The application of non thermal atmospheric pressure plasma is a promising method for intracoronal bleaching.
Productivity and nutritive value of florakirk' bermudagrass as affected by grazing management

'Florakirk' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ] is a recently released cultivar for the lower southeastern USA, but its evaluation under grazing has been limited to southern Florida. Herbage accumulation, crude protein (CP), and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) responses of Florakirk to grazing management were studied in 1993 and 1994 on a sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Ultic Haplaquod in northern Florida. Treatments were replicated twice in a randomized block design and consisted of all combinations of three lengths of grazing cycle (GC) (7, 21, and 35 d) and three postgraze stubble heights (SH) (8, 16, and 24 cm). Actual grazing periods were from 1 to 12 h. Herbage accumulation ranged from 6.9 to 17 Mg ha -1 and was maximized when pastures were grazed to a 24-cm SH every 7 d in 1993, and to 24 cm every 35 d in 1994. Lowest herbage accumulation occurred when pastures were grazed to an 8-cm SH every 21 d. Treatment combinations involving GC 7 were associated with high herbage accumulation in both years of the study. Nutritive value varied relatively little across the range of treatments imposed. Crude protein concentration ranged from 96 to 113 g kg -1 in 1993 and from 121 to 134 g kg -1 in 1994. Lower CP was associated with longer GCs in both years. In vitro digestible organic matter concentration was greatest at short SHs for all but the shortest GCs in 1993 and was greatest at intermediate GCs in 1994. Florakirk herbage accumulation was affected primarily by SH, and nutritive value was affected primarily by GC. Grazing to a SH of approximately 20 cm every 14 d is predicted by regression models to result in near maximum levels of both herbage accumulation and nutritive value.
Temperature as an Ecological Resource

synopsis. Ectothermic vertebrates respond to the temperature of their habitat in a manner that is remarkably similar to their response to more traditional ecological resources such as food. We review the response to temperature primarily from literature on fishes in terms of ecological concepts related to niche theory and competition. The width of the fundamental thermal niche is about 4? C when measured by a mean plus and minus one standard deviation of the distribution of temperature occupied in a laboratory gradient. Fish of temperate freshwater appear to fail into three thermal guilds along the temperature re? source axis ? cold, cool, and warm water fishes. Realized thermal niches are similar in central tendency to fundamental niches, but niche width appears to be more narrow for the realized niche in limited sample data. The success of interference competition for space with preferred temperature is tied to social dominance in a manner analogous to food competition. Thermal niche shifts in the face of interspecific competition for preferred temperature appear supported by one laboratory study. Exploitation competition in re? spect to temperature seems nebulous. If animals successfully compete for their thermal niche, growth and perhaps other measures of fitness are maximized. Cost/benefit models for thermal resources and food resources lead to similar predictions about resource use. We suggest that viewing temperature and other niche axes in the way ecologists have viewed food resources would be useful.
Algal genotype and photoacclimatory responses of the symbiotic alga Symbiodiniumin natural populations of the sea anemone Anemonia viridis

As an approach to investigate the impact of solar radiation on an alga–invertebrate symbiosis, the genetic variation and photosynthetic responses of the dinoflagellate algal symbiosis in an intertidal and a subtidal population of the sea anemone Anemonia viridiswere explored. Allozyme analysis of the anemones indicated that the two populations were genetically very similar, with a Nei's index value of genetic identity (I) of 0.998. The algae in all animals examined were identified as Symbiodinium of clade a by PCR–RFLP analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. The symbiosis in the two populations did not differ significantly in algal population density, chlorophyll acontent per algal cell or any photosynthetic parameter obtained from studies of the relationship between photosynthesis and irradiance. We conclude that there is not necessarily genetic variation or photosynthetic plasticity of the symbiotic algae in Anemonia viridis inhabiting environments characterized by the different solar irradiances of the subtidal and intertidal habitats.
Sex ratio distortion and reduced lifespan of Glossina pallidipes infected with the virus causing salivary gland hyperplasia

A virus infection, associated with enlargement of the salivary glands (ESG) and gonadal pathology in Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae), was studied in field‐caught and laboratory‐reared flies. The lifespan of both sexes of infected (ESG‐) flies was significantly shorter than that of flies with normal salivary glands (NSG). NSG‐females, mated to infected males only or to both infected and normal males, produced predominantly male progeny. In general, NSG‐parents produced only NSG‐progeny, and ESG‐females only ESG‐progeny. ESG‐males were usually sterile, but a few NSG‐females inseminated by ESG‐males produced NSG‐progeny. One NSG‐female, mated first to an ESG‐male and then to an NSG‐male, produced 3 ESG‐sons. As will be discussed, this virus may have important effects (reduced insemination rates, fecundity and lifespan, and sex ratio distortion) on laboratory colonies of G. pallidipes as well as on the regulation of its natural populations.
Exploring the short-term effects of Chile’s child restraint legislation

Objective: To find out themain underlying factors involved in Indian accidents by clustering analysis. Using clustering technique, the dominant parameters with their influential characteristics can be grouped under different clusters. Methods: This study uses the RoadAccident Sampling System India (RASSI) accident data for calendar year 2011-15 (collected by JP research, India). This study uses total 1323 accident cases to draw a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) for clustering and also to identify the influential parameters / attributes within each clusters. Results: Six clusters were identified. They are C1: Roll-over and object-hit crashes, C2: Head-on collision, C3: Side / Angle impact, C4: Rear-end collision, C5: Pedestrian involved crashes and C6: Motorized twowheelers crashes. Dominant attributes within each clusters were identified by mean deviation calculation. Conclusion:Object & roll over impacts can happen in similar conditions (Express highway, Night, etc.). Head on & side-swipe accidents happen in similar conditions (undivided, single lane road, etc.). Rear end collision happens mainly due to parked trucks. Due to the limitations of no. of data and their locations, proper precaution is necessary to draw any conclusion from the present findings as a general trend.
Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of Novel Al2O3 / NiCrAlY / Ti3Al System at 850�C

The novel Al2O3 / NiCrAlY /2-Ti3Al system obtained by APS technique was tested against long (500h) isothermal oxidation at 850°C in air for prospective use in aerospace applications. EDXSEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman investigations were conducted to substantiate structural, textural and mass gain modifications underwent by the Al2O3 / NiCrAlY /2-Ti3Al system in comparison with bare 2-Ti3Al and NiCrAlY /2-Ti3Al system. Improved oxidation resistance of the double-coated system is based on moderate oxygen and thermal barrier role played by the mixture of  and -Al2O3 present in the top ceramic coat.
Screening of bottle gourd varieties against root-knot disease

A pot experiment was conducted in the nethouse of the Seed Pathology Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during August 2011 to November 2012 to screen out the bottle gourd varieties that are susceptible to root-knot disease. Eight varieties of bottle gourd such as, BARI lau-3, BARI lau-4, Hi-green, Sundari, Green rubi, Marshal, Borsa and Martina were screened against Meloidogyne incognita. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications of each variety. It was two factors factorial experiment and the factors were Treatments (I0= Uninoculated (Control), I1= inoculated with egg mass) and Varieties (V1= BARI lau-3, V2=BARI lau-4,V3= Hi-green, V4= Sundari, V5= Green rubi,V5=Marshal, V5=Borsa and V5=Martina). The screening of bottle gourd varieties (Taylor and Sasser’s rating scale, 1978) revealed that all of the bottle gourd varieties were highly susceptible to root-knot nematode, though the incidence varied from variety to variety.
Nutritional studies on partial replacement of soybean meal by (Jatropha curcas) meal in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings diets

This study was undertaken to investigate the efficiency of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by Jatropha curcas meal treated with lactobacillus acidophilus at rate of 1g/100kg. Four experimental diets were formulated, as iso nitrogenous (30.5 % crude protein) and isocaloric (4543.56Kcal/kg diet), containing 0, 25, 50 and 75% of treated Jatropha meal (TJM) T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively and fed to monosex Nile tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings with average weight (30.43±1.14g/fish). Total of 60 fingerlings were random distributed in four treatments, triplicate groups each with five fish/ aquarium. The experiment period was lasted for 70 days. Growth performance, feed utilization and body compositions as well as the economic evaluation were monitored. The obtained data showed that, higher weight gain and the best feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratios (PER), protein productive value (PPV % ) and energy utilization (EU%) recorded for ﬁsh fed diets (up to 50 %) of treated Jatropha meal were insigniﬁcantly different from those fed soybean meal. It could be concluded that the SBM can be partial replaced with TJM up to50 % of SBM without any adverse effects on growth performance or feed utilization of Nile tilapia.
Non-Line-of-Sight Surface Reconstruction Using the Directional Light-Cone Transform

We propose a joint albedo–normal approach to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) surface reconstruction using the directional light-cone transform (D-LCT). While current NLOS imaging methods reconstruct either the albedo or surface normals of the hidden scene, the two quantities provide complementary information of the scene, so an efficient method to estimate both simultaneously is desirable. We formulate the recovery of the two quantities as a vector deconvolution problem, and solve it via Cholesky–Wiener decomposition. We demonstrate that surfaces fitted non-parametrically using our recovered normals are more accurate than those produced with NLOS surface reconstruction methods recently proposed, and are 1,000 times faster to compute than using inverse rendering.
Parental Influence on Talent Identification for Players in Rugby Clubs in Kenya

The role of parents in socialization into sports of athletes has been a topical issue among sociologists and sport scientists from the west for decades. Thus the purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of parents on talent identification for players in rugby clubs in Kenya. The study was guided by the hypothesis that “there is no significant difference in the mean rugby talent identification index when the parental influence of the rugby players is classified as high or low” The factors that were investigated included the parents‟ socio-economic status and the parents‟ level of education. Data were collected using Questionnaires and interviews from rugby players (n= 125) and coaches (n=15) during the 2017/2018 Kenya Rugby Union league competition. Data were analysed through both descriptive and inferential statistics of Chisquare test of independent measures. Results showed that parental influence on talent identification in Kenya is not significant despite the majority (53.77%) of the coaches indicating that the socio-economic status and the level of education of the parents had an influence on talent identification. Subsequently, future studies need to be conducted to unearth the role of the entire family environment at all stages of the players‟ athletic development due to the complexity of the family phenomenon.
Supplementary material for Semantically Multi-modal Image Synthesis

Network architectures. In this section, we give detailed network designs for each dataset. We demonstrate the architecture of the discriminator in Fig. 1. Note the architecture of the discriminator holds the same for different datasets. In Fig. 2, we demonstrate the encoder architecture for different datasets. Fig. 3 depicts the architectures of the decoders for the DeepFashion and Cityscapes, while Fig. 4 shows the architecture of the decoder for ADE20K. Since ADE20K has so many classes, we bring down the channel number for each group to avoid massive GPU usage. In this case, the overall network capacity decreases, and we assume it’s not helpful to the results. Therefore, we add some additional convolutional layers to enlarge the network capacity; thus, this makes the architecture of the decoder for ADE20K is different from those of the other two datasets.
Meshed-Memory Transformer for Image Captioning

Transformer-based architectures represent the state of the art in sequence modeling tasks like machine translation and language understanding. Their applicability to multi-modal contexts like image captioning, however, is still largely under-explored. With the aim of filling this gap, we present M² - a Meshed Transformer with Memory for Image Captioning. The architecture improves both the image encoding and the language generation steps: it learns a multi-level representation of the relationships between image regions integrating learned a priori knowledge, and uses a mesh-like connectivity at decoding stage to exploit low- and high-level features. Experimentally, we investigate the performance of the M² Transformer and different fully-attentive models in comparison with recurrent ones. When tested on COCO, our proposal achieves a new state of the art in single-model and ensemble configurations on the "Karpathy" test split and on the online test server. We also assess its performances when describing objects unseen in the training set. Trained models and code for reproducing the experiments are publicly available at: https://github.com/aimagelab/meshed-memory-transformer.
Generating Medical Reports from Patient-Doctor Conversations Using Sequence-to-Sequence Models

We discuss automatic creation of medical reports from ASR-generated patient-doctor conversational transcripts using an end-to-end neural summarization approach. We explore both recurrent neural network (RNN) and Transformer-based sequence-to-sequence architectures for summarizing medical conversations. We have incorporated enhancements to these architectures, such as the pointer-generator network that facilitates copying parts of the conversations to the reports, and a hierarchical RNN encoder that makes RNN training three times faster with long inputs. A comparison of the relative improvements from the different model architectures over an oracle extractive baseline is provided on a dataset of 800k orthopedic encounters. Consistent with observations in literature for machine translation and related tasks, we find the Transformer models outperform RNN in accuracy, while taking less than half the time to train. Significantly large wins over a strong oracle baseline indicate that sequence-to-sequence modeling is a promising approach for automatic generation of medical reports, in the presence of data at scale.
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Bivalve Molluscs: Occurrence, Transfer Kinetics, and Biotransformation

This is a critical review of the global distribution, sources of variation in toxicity, anatomical partitioning, metabolism, and detoxification kinetics of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins (carbamate, TV-sulfocarbamoyl, and decarbamoyl saxitoxin derivatives) in bivalve molluscs. Marked interspecific differences in toxin accumulation are related to differences in toxin sensitivity, determined from neurological, physiological, and behavioral responses. Toxicity also varies considerably with body size, immersion time, off-bottom position, and over distances ≤1 km. Bivalve species can be broadly classified as rapid (e.g., Mytilus eduJis) or slow detoxifiers (e.g., Placopecten mageJJanicus). The former takes weeks to detoxify to the regulatory level (up to 15% toxin loss day−1); the latter takes months to years to detoxify (≤3% loss day−1). Toxin biotransformation, which may lead to changes in net toxicity, varies greatly among species. A few clam species, such as Protothaca staminea and Spisula soli.