Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lysosome damage triggers direct ATG8 conjugation and ATG2 engagement via CASM

Cells harness multiple pathways to maintain lysosome integrity, a central homeostatic process. Damaged lysosomes can be repaired, or targeted for degradation by lysophagy, a selective autophagy process involving ATG8/LC3. Here, we describe a parallel ATG8/LC3 response to lysosome damage, mechanistically distinct from lysophagy. Using a comprehensive series of biochemical, pharmacological and genetic approaches, we show that lysosome damage induces rapid Conjugation of ATG8s to Single Membranes (CASM). ATG8 proteins are recruited directly onto damaged membranes, independently of ATG13/WIPI2, and conjugated to PS, as well as PE, a molecular hallmark of CASM. Lysosome damage drives V-ATPase V0-V1 association, and direct recruitment of ATG16L1, dependent on K490 (WD40-domain), and sensitive to Salmonella SopF. Lysosome damage-induced CASM is associated with the formation of dynamic LC3A-positive tubules, and promotes robust LC3A engagement with ATG2, a lipid transfer protein central to lysosome repair. Together, our data identify direct ATG8 conjugation as a rapid response to lysosome damage, with important links to lipid transfer and dynamics.
Experiments on Wave-Transition Spectra and Vacillation in an Open Rotating Cylinder

Abstract Rotating thermal convection experiments, of the same type as those carried out in the early 1950's, were conducted using an open cylinder with rim heating and center cooling. Many improvements, especially provision of a rim-thermostatted bath, allowed far more stable and reproducible results to be obtained. Moderate internal heating distributions due to ordinary incandescent lights were found to produce profound alterations in the fluid responses over rotation ranges that in the earlier works led only to irregular Rossby regime flows. All the qualitative types of flow observed in the extensive work on annulus convection-completely symmetric Hadley flows, steady waves and periodic vacillation states-were found with transition curves on at least one spectrum diagram as sharp or sharper than those previously observed only in annuli. Thus comparatively small changes of the vertical distribution of diabatic heating are capable of switching the system response completely to a sharply defined spectrum.
Distinct Electrophysiological Signatures of Intentional and Unintentional Mind-Wandering Revealed by Low-Frequency EEG Markers

Mind-wandering is typically characterized by the common experience wherein attention veers off into thoughts unrelated to the task at hand. Recent research highlights the intentionality dimension of mind-wandering as a key predictor of adverse functional outcomes with intentional and unintentional task-unrelated thought (TUT) differentially linked to neural, behavioral, clinical, and functional correlates. We here aimed to elucidate the electrophysiological underpinnings of intentional and unintentional TUT by systematically examining the individual and collective discriminative power of a large set of EEG markers to distinguish between attentional states. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on 54 predefined markers belonging to four conceptual families: ERP, spectral, information theory and connectivity measures, extracted from scalp EEG recordings prior to multidimensional reports of ongoing thought from participants performing a sustained attention task. We report here that on-task, intentional and unintentional TUT exhibit distinct electrophysiological signatures in the low frequency range. More specifically, increased features of the theta frequency range were found to be most discriminative between on-task and off-task states, while features within the alpha band were characteristic of intentional TUT when compared to unintentional TUT. This result is theoretically well aligned with contemporary accounts describing alpha activity as an index of internally oriented attention and a potential mechanism to shield internal processes from sensory input. Our study verifies the validity of the intentionality dimension of mind-wandering and represents a step forward towards real-time detection and mitigation of maladaptive mind-wandering.
Scoliosis in Dancers

Scoliosis is reportedly a common clinical presentation in classical dancers and has been associated with an increased incidence of stress fracture, hypoestrogenism, and muscle imbalance. However, standardized measurement protocols have not been instituted for the population of dancers in the mass-screening environment, nor have criteria for diagnostic and referral ranges been clearly established in this population. This paper describes a cost-effective, reliable, valid, and clinically relevant method of screening scoliosis in dancers and reports on the findings from 947 classically-trained adult dancers screened for scoliosis using this method over a three year period. By the criteria we established, 8% of the dancers screened possessed a scoliotic curve that merited referral to a spine specialist for further evaluation. Dancers with axial asymmetries also reported a higher incidence of amenorrhea and back pain than dancers without asymmetries.
LogiTorch: A PyTorch-based library for logical reasoning on natural language

Logical reasoning on natural language is one of the most challenging tasks for deep learning models. There has been an increasing interest in developing new benchmarks to evaluate the reasoning capabilities of language models such as BERT. In parallel, new models based on transformers have emerged to achieve ever better performance on these datasets. However, there is currently no library for logical reasoning that includes such benchmarks and models. This paper introduces LogiTorch, a PyTorch-based library that includes different logical reasoning benchmarks, different models, as well as utility functions such as co-reference resolution. This makes it easy to directly use the preprocessed datasets, to run the models, or to finetune them with different hyperparameters. LogiTorch is open source and can be found on GitHub 1 .
Effect of Dance Technique Training and Somatic Training on Pelvic Tilt and Lumbar Lordosis Alignment during Quiet Stance and Dynamic Dance Movement

Proper alignment is emphasized throughout a dancer s training. The literature suggests how proper alignment may reduce injuries, enhance dance performance and biomechanical efficiency, and increase the performance life of a dancer. Somatic training has been used to improve skeletal alignment. However, there is a need for more studies quantifying the effectiveness of somatic training through a controlled research design. Two studies were conducted to examine the effect of dance technique training and somatic training on pelvic tilt (PelT) and lumbar lordosis (LL) alignment measures during quiet stance and dynamic dance movement. Due to high between-subject alignment variability and the unknown standard for PelT and LL comparison, a within-subject analysis was conducted for both studies. There were no improvements found in PelT and LL with dance technique training, with one subject actually indicating a higher degree of lumbar lordosis during both quiet stance and a dynamic condition (e.g., by 3.9° and 4.3° respectively). Improvements in pretest versus posttest mean LL were indicated with somatic training for all three subjects in almost all conditions (e.g., for Subject 1/Condition 1: 45.2 ± 0.71° vs. 32.6 ± 3.28°). An independent relationship was also revealed between PelT and LL in both studies, since variability or changes were indicated with one measure and not the other.
Warm-Up

This review critically examines the literature on warm-up in relation to various physical-fitness components in dance. Due to the scarcity of published scientific work specifically focussed on dance, relevant reports from other physical activities have also been included. Prior to the main components of dance class or performance, dancers normally engage in a preliminary activity known as warm-up, which is aimed at enhancing performance and preventing injury. The general consensus is that warm-up is associated with positive effects on aerobic and anaerobic fitness parameters as well as on flexibility, muscular strength, and power. Individuals suffering from exercise-induced asthma may also benefit from warm-up. The main gain arising from warm-up seems to be related to temperature increases. However, there seems to be no agreement among scientists on the proper intensity, type, or duration of warm-up. Further research, performed with elite performers, may provide more insights on the dose-response relationship.
Perceived and Actual Tuning Ability of Middle School String Students

The purpose of this study was to determine whether students’ perceived tuning ability was related to actual tuning ability. A secondary purpose of this study was to determine if the reference tuning pitch of A = 440 HZ, produced on a bowed string instrument or an electronic tuner would affect student tuning accuracy. Sixty middle school subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Subjects in one group were instructed to tune their instruments given a reference pitch of A = 440 HZ from a viola, and subjects in the other group from a Korg tuner. Subjects in both groups had been provided instruction in tuning for a period of two years prior to the study. Subjects were administered the Tuning Survey and were to identify their instrument, length of study, grade level, and how they rated their ability to tune their instrument. From the analyses of data, it was found that there was a significant difference in total cents tuning difference scores by Perceived Tuning Ability (PTA). Students with poor or fair PTA had significantly higher scores (more tuning cents difference from the actual pitch) than students with good or excellent PTA. No significant differences were found among students’ tuning accuracy scores when the pitch was generated from either a viola or a Korg tuner.
The effects of mixture distribution misspecification when fitting mixed-effects logistic models

SUMMARY Mixed-effects logistic models are often used to analyze binary response data which have been gathered in clusters or groups. Responses are assumed to follow a logistic model within clusters, with an intercept which varies across clusters according to a specified probability distribution G. In this paper we examine the performance of mixed-effects logistic regression analysis when a main component of the model, the mixture distribution, is misspecified. We show that, when the mixture distribution is misspecified, estimates of model parameters, including the effects of covariates, typically are asymptotically biased, i.e. inconsistent. However, we present some approximations which suggest that the magnitude of the bias in the estimated covariate effects is typically small. These findings are corroborated by a set of simulations which also suggest that valid variance estimates of estimated covariate effects can be obtained when the mixture distribution is misspecified.
The smallest perturbation of a submatrix which lowers the rank and constrained total least squares problems

Let \[ T = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} A & B \\ C & D \\ \end{array} } \right]\] be a . partitioned rectangular matrix. We exhibit perturbations of D of smallest norm which lower the rank of T. We apply this result to generalize the total least squares problem $Sx = b$ when only a rectangular subset of the data $[S,b]$ is considered uncertain.
Modeling Free-Stream Turbulence based on Wind Tunnel and Flight Data for Instability Studies

Present research was initiated to study the effects of free stream turbulence (FST) on flow instability and transition. In the past, instabilities of several flows were investigated experimentally with respect to FST. Theoretical model for FST is developed here that matches higher order statistics of data obtained from wind tunnel and flight test experiments. The developed model is applied for studying numerically, the effect of FST on onset of Karman vortex shedding for flow past a circular cylinder that match well with available experimental data.
On the structure and formation of spiral Taylor–Görtler vortices in spherical Couette flow

A direct numerical simulation of the spherical Couette flow between two spheres with the inner sphere rotating was performed to investigate the detailed structure, formation process and mechanism of the spiral Taylor–Görtler (TG) vortices. For comparison with our previous experiments, a moderate gap case with clearance ratio β = 0.14 is chosen in the present numerical study. With adequate initial and boundary conditions, we have sucessfully simulated the supercritical spiral TG vortex flow in this system. Analysis of the numerical results reveals the structure and features of the spiral TG vortices. The flow consists of one toroidal TG vortex, one toroidal vortex cell, three spiral TG vortices and a secondary flow circulation in each hemisphere, and this supercritical flow solution features rotational and equatorial asymmetries. It is found that the spiral TG vortices are composed of a pair of counter-rotating, unequal spiral vortices with essentially different structural forms. One begins in the secondary flow circulation at higher latitude and ends with a connection to the toroidal vortex cell at lower latitude while the other one starts on the inner rotating spherical surface at lower latitude and ends on the outer stationary spherical surface at higher latitude. Through sucessive visualizations which display the transient features of the spiral TG vortices, we observe that vortex tearing, splitting, tilting, reconnecting, stretching and compressing occur in the formation of the spiral TG vortices. Pairing of two alternating helical vortices is the key process in their evolution. To understand the formation mechanism, we consider the vorticity production in the azimuthal vorticity component equation. The important vorticity tilting and stretching terms play different roles in the formation process of these two counter-rotating spiral vortices. The vorticity tilting term is responsible for generating both of the spiral vortices. The vorticity stretching term acts to stretch one of the spiral vortices from the inner sphere to the outer sphere while suppressing the stretching of the other in the azimuthal direction. The different formation mechanisms for these two counter-rotating spiral vortices lead to the structure of the spiral TG vortices.
Gain compression effect on the modulation dynamics of an optically injection-locked semiconductor laser using gain lever

The modulation response of an optically-injected gain lever semiconductor laser is studied and calculations show that a gain-lever laser operating under medium to strong optical injection provides a unique and robust configuration for ultra large bandwidth enhancement. Modulation bandwidths above nine times the relaxation oscillation frequency of the free-running laser can be reached using injection-locking conditions that are reasonable for practical applications. The impact of the gain compression on the modulation dynamic is discussed for the first time. This work is of prime importance for the development of directly-modulated broadband optical sources for high-speed operation at 40 Gbps and beyond.
The Gut Microbiome and Pancreatic Cancer Development and Treatment

Abstract Changes in the gut microbiome have been increasingly shown to accompany oncogenesis across various tumors. Similarly, microbial dysbiosis was found to be associated with pancreatic cancer progression and survival outcomes, expanding the field of tumor microenvironment research in pancreatic cancer. Mechanistic studies in pancreatic cancer models implicate components of the gut and pancreatic cancer microbiome in regulating tumorigenesis by altering cancer cell signaling, modulating immune function, and influencing the efficacy of current therapies in pancreatic cancer. This review discusses the outcomes of microbial modulation across various preclinical and clinical studies and highlights ongoing trials targeting the microbiome for pancreatic cancer therapy.
Role of the Microbiome in Immunotherapy of Melanoma

Abstract Novel immunotherapeutics for advanced melanoma have drastically changed survival rates and management strategies in recent years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as efficacious agents for some patients but have not been proven to be as beneficial in other patient cohorts. Recent investigation into this observation has implicated the gut microbiome as a potential immunomodulator in regulating patient response to therapy. Numerous studies have provided evidence for this link. Bacterial colonization patterns have been associated with therapeutic outcomes, under the notion that favorable commensal organisms improve host immune response. This review aims to report the most recent and pertinent findings related to the relationship between gut microbial communities and melanoma therapy efficacy. This article also highlights the emerging frontier of artificial intelligence in its application regarding patient microbial composition evaluation, predictive models for therapy response, and recommendations for the future of probiotics and dietary interventions to optimize melanoma survival and outcomes.
Turbulent dynamo action at low magnetic Reynolds number

The effect of turbulence on a magnetic field whose length-scale L is initially large compared with the scale l of the turbulence is considered. There are no external sources for the field, and in the absence of turbulence it decays by ohmic dissipation. It is assumed that the magnetic Reynolds number Rm = u0l/λ (where u0 is the root-mean-square velocity and λ the magnetic diffusivity) is small. It is shown that to lowest order in the small quantities l/L and Rm, isotropic turbulence has no effect on the large-scale field; but that turbulence that lacks reflexional symmetry is capable of amplifying Fourier components of the field on length scales of order Rm−2l and greater. In the case of turbulence whose statistical properties are invariant under rotation of the axes of reference, but not under reflexions in a point, it is shown that the magnetic energy density of a magnetic field which is initially a homogeneous random function of position with a particularly simple spectrum ultimately increases as t−½exp (α2t/2λ3) where α(= O(u02l)) is a certain linear functional of the spectrum tensor of the turbulence. An analogous result is obtained for an initially localized field.
Aspects of the syntax of clitic placement in western romance

Les clitiques sont des unites morphophonologiques qui ont des proprietes differentes de celles des affixes et des mots. L'A. examine les mecanismes syntaxiques se rapportant a l'apparition des clitiques dans une phrase en se basant sur des donnees provenant de dialectes de la langue romane
Wave structure in the contact line region during high speed droplet impact on a surface: Solution of the Riemann problem for the stiffened gas equation of state

Upon impact of a liquid droplet on a rigid substrate at sufficiently high velocity, a wave front adjacent to the impacted surface is created, separating the compressed area from the undisturbed bulk of the liquid. At a certain point in the evolution of the phenomenon, the free surface at the vicinity of the contact line yields and an intense lateral jetting phenomenon occurs. The often employed assumption that the wave front is composed of a single shock wave across its entire surface leads to the emergence of an anomaly, prior to the jetting eruption. This anomaly can be removed by the proposition of the existence of a multiple wave structure at the contact line region. In this article, the wave structure at the contact line region is explored analytically. The exact one-dimensional Riemann problem solution for the stiffened gas equation of state is presented, under the assumption of an isentropic flow in the smooth flow region (i.e., in the region with no contact discontinuities). For the case of impact.
Velocity and velocity gradient based properties of a turbulent plane mixing layer

Abstract Experiments were carried out in a turbulent mixing layer designed to match, as closely as possible, the conditions of the temporally evolving direct numerical simulation of Rogers & Moser (Phys. Fluids, vol. 6, 1994, pp. 903–922). Two Reynolds numbers, based on the local momentum thickness in the self-similar region of the mixing layer, were investigated: ${R}_{\theta } = 1792$ and $2483$. Measurements were also made in the mixing layer in the pre-mixing transition region where ${R}_{\theta } = 432$. The three velocity components and their cross-stream gradients were measured with a small 12-sensor hot-wire probe that traversed the mixing layer. Taylor’s hypothesis was used to estimate the streamwise gradients of the velocity components so that reasonably good approximations of all the components of the velocity gradient tensor would be available. The signal from a single-sensor probe at a fixed position in the high-speed free stream flow provided a reference to the phases of the passage of large-scale, coherent, spanwise-oriented vortices past the 12-sensor probe. The velocity and velocity gradient data were analysed to determine turbulence statistical characteristics, including moments, probability density functions and one-dimensional spectra of the velocity and vorticity fields. Although the velocity statistics obtained from the experiment agree well with those from the direct numerical simulation of Rogers & Moser, there are significant differences in the vorticity statistics. The phase reference from the fixed single-sensor probe permitted phase averaging of the 12-sensor probe data so that the spanwise ‘roller’ vortices could be separated from the small-scale, more random turbulence, as had been previously demonstrated by Hussain & Zaman (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 159, 1985, pp. 85–104). In this manner, the data could be conditionally averaged to examine the spatial distributions, with respect to the roller vortices, of interesting and important characteristics of the turbulence, such as the turbulent kinetic energy production and dissipation rate, enstrophy and vorticity component covariances.