Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the Hepatitis B Virus and the Hepatitis C Virus among the Patients at a Tertiary Health Care Centre: A Five Year Study

Background: Infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a global health problem. Epidemiological studies worldwide show wide variations in the prevalence patterns of the HIV, Hepatitis B and the Hepatitis C Virus infections. Globally, a total of 39.5 million were living with HIV in 2006, of which approximately 5.7 million were from India. Early detection can contribute substantially to the timely diagnosis of the patients with acute illnesses and to an early treatment and hence, it can limit the transmission of the infection. Aim: To provide a baseline data on the prevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C among the patients who were referred to our hospital over a period of 5 years (2006-2010). This study was planned to evaluate the prevalence of the HIV coinfection with the Hepatitis B and C viruses among the patients who were admitted to and were attending the hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study which was carried out among the patients who were attending the AJ Hospital Kuntikana Mangalore, over a period of five years (January 2006 – December 2010). The sera of the patients were initially tested for the presence of anti-HIV antibodies as per the National Aids Control Organisation (NACO) guidelines and they were tested for HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen) and the anti-HCV antibody by an Enzyme linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA) test. Results: Out of 24,576 samples or sera which were studied, 608 (2.5%) were sero-positive cases. These included 318 with antibodies to HIV, 285 with antibodies to the Hepatitis B surface antigen and 5 with antibodies to the Hepatitis C Virus. Among the positive cases, a majority were of the age group of 21 to 40 years, with a male preponderance. The anti-HCV positivity showed a significant downward trend during the study period. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of the positivity for these three markers among the patients who attended the AJ Hospital in this study was comparatively lower than that which was reported by other studies from India. The lower incidence of the HCV positivity which was found in this study was probably due to the lack of awareness about the co-infection with HBV and this was not screened for. Our study demonstrated low HIV / HCV/HBV co-infection rates.
Pattern of pathogens and their sensitivity isolated from nosocomial infections in a tertiary care hospital

1 MD (Microbiology) Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Mayo Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, India 2 MD (Community Medicine) Resident, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, India 3 MD (Internal Medicine) Chief consultant and CEO, M.V. Hospital and Research Centre, Lucknow, India 4 MBBS, Sr. Physician, M.V. Hospital and Research Centre, Lucknow, India 5 DNB (Obs and Gyn), M.V. Hospital and Research Centre, Lucknow, India *Corresponding author
Xanthogranulomatous Salpingo-Oophoritis Presenting as Tubo-Ovarian Mass- A Case Report with Brief Review of Literature. -

Background: Maternal mortality is one of the major health problems confronting Nigeria and other resource-poor countries Objective: This study aimed to examine principally whether and how socio-cultural factors affect maternal mortality in Nigeria. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on two electronic databases: Scopus and Pro Quest Health and Medical Complete. Results: Available evidence indicated that there were many non-biomedical factors that predispose pregnant women to a higher risk of maternal mortality. Socio-culturally, harmful traditional beliefs and practices; early marriage, high parity and female illiteracy contribute to the high burden of maternal deaths in Nigeria. Conclusion: Maternal mortality reduction needs action beyond prevention and treatment of biomedical causes; it needs the modification of the socio-cultural contexts that contribute to high maternal mortality in Nigeria. They are difficult to change but indispensable to maternal health. Hence, high maternal death must be addressed within the socio-cultural context of different Nigerian regions.
Diaquabis[4-(dimethylamino)pyridine-κN
 1]bis[2-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)acetato-κO
 1]cobalt(II)

In the mononuclear title complex, [Co(C10H6NO4)2(C7H10N2)2(H2O)2], the CoII ion is located on an inversion centre and has a distorted octahedral coordination geometry of type CoN2O4 by two N atoms from the two 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) ligands, two carboxylate O atoms from the two deprotonated N-phthaloylglycine (Nphgly) ligands [systematic name: 2-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)acetate] and two coordination water molecules. In the crystal, O—H.O, C—H.O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions link the molecules into the supramolecular structure.
Iterleukin-4 and interferon-in allergic contact dermatitis with atopic background in leather tannery factory worker

Immune response in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) patient is dominated by T helper-1 (Th-1) response characterized with increase in interferon gamma (IFN-). However, in atopic individual, the immune response is dominated by T helper-2 (Th-2) response which characterized with the presence of interleukin-4 (IL-4). Based on that condition, it is hypothesized that atopic individual was hardly to develope ACD. In leather factory, many workers are prone to develope ACD. The aim of this study is to differentiate the cytokine profiles of IL-4 and IFN-of ACD patients with or without atopic background. Using a cross-sectional design, this study involved 30 subject assigned into two groups, one group consisted of 15 subjects with ACD who had atopic background (ACD atopic), the other group consisted of 15 subjectswith ACD who had no atopic background (ACD non atopic). Both groups were examined by patch test and confirmed to have ACD when the result was minimally+1 in 48 and/or 96 hours examination. Atopic skin diathesis score 8 was used to determine the possibility of having atopic background. Serum IL-4 and IFN- concentrationwere determined using ELISA. Data were analyzed using SPSS with Mann-Whitney non- parametric test. The results showed that the mean value of IL-4 in both groups were 0.18±0.14 pg/mL and 0.25±0.29 pg/ mL (p=0.917) whereas the mean value of IFN- in both groups were 13.03 ±23.90 pg/mL and 2.76±5.67 pg/ mL, (p=0.096). In conclusion, the cytokine profiles of IL-4 and IFN-were not significantly different between ACD atopic and ACD non atopic individuals. This finding suggested that atopic and non-atopic individuals had a similar immunologic response during development of ACD. Key words: immunologic response-cytokine-occupational contact dematitis-T helper-patch testing
SERUM Ig AND CYTOKINE LEVELS IN WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER BEFORE AND AFTER MASTECTOMY

To evaluate serum Ig, complements IL-6, and TNF-α in breast cancer patients and to evaluate their role in disease process. Blood samples were collected from 30 women with primary breast cancer before operation and another blood samples were collected from 23 of them after three cycles of chemotherapy. In addition to this, 20 samples were collected from apparently healthy women as a control group from the outpatient department. Radial immune diffusion test was performed for the detection of serum IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C4, while ELISA test was used for the detection of serum IL-6 and TNF-α. Serum IgG and IgA levels for patients (preoperative) were 1926.84 ± 612.60 mg/dl and 484.750 ± 201.98 mg/dl, respectively. These values were higher than the respective values for the control group (1536.61±441.29 mg/dl and 318.57±124.54 mg/dl) (P < 0.05). These values for IgG and IgA increased with the advancement in the disease stages, while that for IgM showed no significant change. The level of the serum complement component C3 for the patients (211.50 ± 79.39 mg/dl) was significantly higher than that for the control group (150.71± 39.93 mg/dl) (P<0.05). C3 and C4 levels were positively correlated with the disease stages. IL-6 and TNF-α levels for breast cancer patients were 222.5 ± 68.86 pg/ml and 246.72 ±197.74 pg/ml, respectively. These values were significantly higher than the respective values of the control group (171.3 ± 64.85 pg/ml and 131.52 ± 108.92 pg/ml) (P<0.05)/. These values were found to increase with the advancement of the disease stages but were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the elevation of serum IgG, IgA, C3, C4, IL-6, and TNF-α levels can be considered as an indication for disease status before and after treatment as well as relapses.
Ksilitol Tabletlerinin Yapay Çürük Lezyonlarının in Situ Remineralizasyonu Üzerine Etkisi

OZET Bu calismanin amaci ksilitol iceren tabletlerin yapay curuk lezyonlarinin remineralizasyonu uzerine etkisinin in situ olarak degerlendirilmesidir.Cift tarafli ust birinci premolar dis cekimi yapilarak sabit tedavi uygulanan 11 hasta (yaslari 12 ile 15 arasinda) calismaya dahil edilmistir. Tum bireyler mine bloklarinin (4X4X3 mm) yerlestirilmesi icin U bolgesine akri-lik rezin ilave edilmis transpalatal ark kullanmistir. Her hastanin kendi cekilmis disinden kontrol ve deney gruplari icin 3 adet mine blogu elde edilmistir. Yapay curuk lezyonlari dusuk pH'li solusyonla hazirlanmistir. Bu calisma 14 gunluk 2 basamaktan olusmaktadir: tablet kullanilmadan ve ksilitol tablet kullanilarak (yemeklerden sonra, gunde 5 defa). Her basamaktan sonra, mine yuzey mikrosertlik deneyi Vickers Sertlik Test Cihazi ile yapilmistir. Mine uzerine yuklemeler 300 gr ile 15 sn sureyle yapilmistir. Istatistiksel analiz icin Friedman testi kullanilmistir. Kontrol, tablet kullanmayan ve ksilitol gruplari icin mikrosertlik degerl.
2-Amino-5-chlorobenzophenone

The asymmetric unit of the title compound (systematic name: 2-benzoyl-4-chloroaniline), C13H10ClNO, contains four independent molecules with similar dihedral angles between the benzene rings [ranging from 53.7 (2) to 59.8 (2)°]. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by N—H.O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture.
Comparison of Maternal Sleep Quality in Postpartum Period between Vaginal Delivery and Cesarean Section

Background and objective : Postpartum is a critical and stressful period accompanying by fatigue, mood changes and sleep disorders. The purpose of this study was to describe sleep during the second and sixth week of postpartum in the women with cesarean and those with vaginal delivery. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 96 women in the second and sixth week of postpartum period (48 after cesarean and 48 after vaginal delivery). The instruments were demographic data sheet and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale. Results: The Results show that the subjects are correlated with each other on the basis of both parents ’ and neonates ’ demographic characteristics.Variables such as subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, actual sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, and daily disfunctioning indicator are significantly different in two groups. The mean of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for vaginal delivery is higher than that of cesarean, which can be a good reason for better sleep quality of the women with vaginal delivery. Conclusion: Mothers with Cesarean have lower sleep quality than those with normal delivery; they should be educated to select normal delivery and intervened for improving sleep quality in postpartum period.
DEXAMETHASONE AS ADJUVANT TO CAUDAL ROPIVACAINE AS ANALGESIC FOR LABOR PAIN

Objectives : To evaluate analgesic yield of dexamethasone (DEX) as adjuvant to caudal ropivacaine (ROP) for labor pain. Patients & Methods : 414 primigravida in their active phase of the first stage of labour divided randomly into two groups: ROP group received caudal ropivacaine and DEX group received caudal combination of ropivacaine and dexamethasone. Assessment included extent of sensory and motor blockade and requirement of anaesthesia for episiotomy repair and evaluation of post-episiotomy pain and postpartum complications. Results : Sensory blockade data showed a profound analgesic effect in both groups with superior effect in DEX group manifested as significantly earlier onset of analgesia in association with significantly prolonged duration of analgesia. Caudal block did not disturb process of delivery with non- significant difference between both groups. Twenty nine parturient had caesarean section and 385 had vaginal delivery. Episiotomy was repaired without perineal infiltration anaesthesia. Postpartum perineal pain scores were significantly lower in DEX group with significantly higher low pain scores and significantly request for analgesia for episiotomy related pain. Conclusion : Caudal ropivacaine/dexamethasone provided safe profound labor analgesia without interruption of progress of labor and spared the need for perineal anaesthesia for episiotomy repair and minimized the need for subsequent analgesia.
Approach to Pain in the Elderly

Pain is the most common complained symptom in the elderly. Acute pain prevalence does not change with aging. However, chronic pain is much more prevalent in the elderly compared to young individuals. Despite these facts, pain in the elderly is commonly assessed and treated inadequately. The treatment goal of pain in the elderly is not always complete eradication of pain but decrease in pain allowing the improvement in activities of daily living and quality of life. Nonpharmacological-pharmacological approaches and anesthetic/invasive interventions can be used for pain treatment. During pharmacological treatment, the changes related to aging should be considered enabling increased side effects and drug-drug interactions. Generally, the stepwise guideline suggested by World Health Organisation for cancer pain is valid also for the treatment of chronic pain. Acetaminophen is the safest and mostly preferred analgesic in treating mild-moderate pain in the elderly. Metamizole is also free of gastrointestinal and thrombocyte related side effects. It is widely used in available countries for the pain in elderly with more intense and spasmolytic analgesic effect compared to other non-opioids. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used in moderate-severe pain. However, they should not be used in high doses and/or for a long time due to their severe side effect profile. Opioids are effective in all pain types and used in severe pain. The elderly is more prone to both analgesic effect and side effects of opioids. The most important side effects of opioids are respiratory depression, sedation, cognitive problems, emesis and constipation. Recently, they are being more suggested for the treatment of chronic non cancer pain in the elderly. If the pain is not controlled with these measures, the next step is the use of anesthetic/invasive modalities. In these cases, the elderly should be referred to centers specialized on pain. The aim of our study is to summarize the general approach to acute and chronic pain in elderly.
Hemşirelerin Mesleki Değerlerinin Bireyselleştirilmiş Bakım Algıları İle İlişkisi

Amac: Calisma, hemsirelerin mesleki degerleri ve bireysellestirilmis bakim algilarini degerlendirmek ve aralarindaki iliskiyi incelemek amaci ile gerceklestirildi. Yontem: Tanimlayici ve iliski arayici turde planlanan arastirmanin evrenini,Bursa Ilinde bulunan iki devlet hastanesi ile bir egitim ve arastirma hastanesinin yogun bakim, cerrahi ve dahiliye servislerinde calisan hemsireler, orneklem grubunu ise bu servislerden tabakali ornekleme yontemi ile secilen 400 hemsire olusturdu. Arastirma verileri, “Bilgi Formu”, “Hemsirelerin Profesyonel Degerleri Olcegi” ve “Bireysellestirlmis Bakim Skalasi-A- Hemsire Versiyonu” ile toplandi. Elde edilen veriler, SPSS 15.0 paket programinda, aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, frekans, yuzdelik dagilim, Spearman Sira Korelasyon Katsayisi ve Cronbach’in alfa katsayi- si ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Hemsirelerin Profesyonel Degerleri Olcegi toplam puan ortalamasi 123.55±19.36’, faktor puan ortalamalari ise Insan Onuru 44.05±7.24, Sorumluluk 26.62± 5.32, Harekete Gecme 19.25±3.57, Guvenlik 16.26±2.77, Otonomi 16.76± 3.01’ idi. Hemsirelerin Bireysellestirilmis Bakim Skalasi-A-Hemsire Versiyonu toplam madde puan ortalamasi 3.88±0.66, alt boyutlara iliskin madde puan ortalamalari Klinik Durum 4.09±0.62, Kisisel Yasam Durumu 3.36±1.03, Karar Verme Kontrolu 3.98±0.74, olarak saptandi. Hemsirelerin, Profesyonel Degerleri Olcegi toplam ve faktor puan ortalamalari ile Bireysellestirilmis Bakim Skalasi ve alt boyut madde puan ortalamalari arasinda pozitif yonde yuksek duzeyde anlamli bir iliski goruldu (p<0.001). Sonuc : Hemsirelerin mesleki degerleri ve bireysellestirilmis bakim algilarinin iyi oldugu, mesleki deger algilari arttikca bakim giri- simlerinde hastanin bireyselligine daha fazla onem verdikleri saptandi. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hemsirelik, bakim, mesleki degerler, bireysellestirilmis bakim
Blood pressure targets for patients with chronic kidney disease

2 ) nor the risk of ESRD and death (0.85, 95%CI, 0.60-1.22 for the low BP group) differed significantly between the groups (8). However, in detailed analyses dividing patients by baseline pro- teinuria, the low target BP was associated with a slower GFR decline in patients with urine protein excretion > 0.25 g/day in study A and > 1 g/day in study B (8, 9), even after adjustment for numerous covariates. The above findings were confirmed in a patient-level meta-analysis of trials comparing the efficacy ACE-inhibitors in patients with predominantly non-diabetic CKD, showing that SBP levels of 110-119 and 120-129 mm Hg were associated with lower risk of kidney disease progression in patients with proteinuria > 1 gr/day whereas in those with proteinuria 1 gr/day. These findings indicated that a low-target BP may be particularly beneficial in proteinuric patients and led to the recommendations for target BP described above. The second study on the field was the African-American Study on Kidney Disease (AASK), a 3 × 2 factorial trial of 1094 African-Americans with hyper- tensive renal disease (GFR, 20-65 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) randomized to goal MAP of 102-107 mm Hg or ≤ 92 mm Hg, and to initial treatment with metoprolol, ramipril or amlodipine. The main outcomes were GFR slope and the composite of reduction in GFR by 50% or more (or ≥ 25 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ), ESRD or death. The mean achieved BP was 128/78 mm Hg in the lower BP group and 141/85 in the usual BP group. After a median follow-up of 3.8 years, neither the mean GFR slope (-2.21 ± 0.17 vs. -1.95 ± 0.17 mL/min/1.73 m 2 per year; P = 0.24) nor the composite outcome (risk reduction for intensive BP group 2%; 95%CI, -22% to 21%; P = 0.85) differed significantly between the BP groups whereas ramipril was associated with slower progression of renal disease (12). After completing the trial phase of AASK, around 700 subjects were en- rolled in a cohort phase in which the BP target was 0.22 in 24-hour collections (roughly equivalent to 300 mg/day) had lower risk of the primary outcome with intensive treatment (HR 0.73; 95%CI, 0.58- -0.93) whereas in those with UPCR ≤ 0.22 there was no difference between BP groups (HR, 1.18; 95%CI, 0.93-1.50) (13). Taken together, the findings from MDRD and AASK indicate that a low BP target is beneficial for long-term renal survival in patients with non-diabetic proteinuric kidney disease. It must be noted, however, that all available evi- dence derives either from sub-group analyses or from combination of rand- omized phases with long-term observational phases of these trials, and still no direct evidence is available on this issue. Further, both of these trials rand- omized to MAP levels, which correspond on average, but not for every patient, to specific levels of systolic and diastolic BP. With that in mind, a goal BP of 1 gr/day (Table 1).
Understanding the Potential of MicroRNAs as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Cancer

Author(s): Lim, Lionel | Advisor(s): Goga, Andrei | Abstract: Cancer is a complex and heterogenous disease triggered by a myriad of genetic and lifestyle factors. Decades of research have furthered our understanding of key oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and signaling pathways, leading to the development of numerous effective cancer therapies. However, the dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways through aberrant gene expression makes existing treatment ineffective in many cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). There is thus an urgent need to explore and develop novel therapeutics for the treatment of these widespread and fatal cancers. It is well established that microRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in both HCC and TNBC development, and exhibit aberrant processing and expression profiles in these cancers. Because a single miRNA could potentially affect several clinically relevant targets, artificially altering the expression level of a miRNA may effectively shut down multiple oncogenic pathways, offering effective therapeutic perspectives. In this thesis, we explored the potential of targeting an oncogenic miRNA in HCC. We find that miR-494 is upregulated in multiple mouse models and aggressive human HCC. We demonstrate that it accelerates G1/S cell cycle transition through regulation of Mutated in Colorectal Cancer (MCC) gene expression and show that its inhibition reduces transformation in human liver tumor cell lines and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Separately, we explored the possibility of exploiting endogenous miRNA function to predict p53 expression, and consequently, therapeutic response in breast cancer. We find two SNPs in the p53 3' UTR, 485GgA and 826GgA, that are associated with mutant p53, and occur at higher frequencies in breast cancer patients than a diverse population. Further, we find that these SNPs lower p53 expression, possibly through creation of novel miRNA binding sites. Our findings indicate that miR-494 may have clinical value as a therapeutic target in HCC, and miRNA regulation of mutant p53 could be a predictor of therapeutic response in breast cancer.
Distribution of ABO and RH(D) Blood Groups in Motati Reddi of Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Abstract A total of 190 unrelated Motati Reddi individuals of Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh were studied for the phenotype and allele frequency distribution of ABO and RH(D) blood groups. In terms of allele frequencies, ABO*B (0.2260) was found to be higher than ABO*A (0.1865), and RH*D (0.7487) higher than RH*d (0.2513) in the studied population.
Dynamics of Doctor-Patient Relationship: A Cross-Sectional Study on Communication and Patient Satisfaction. -

Background: Doctors and patients, even if they come from the same social and cultural background, view ill health in very different ways. The challenge is how to ensure some communication between them in day-to-day patient care; the ultimate objective of any doctor-patient communication being an improvement in the patient’s health and medical care. Aim: To study the doctor-patient communication and patient satisfaction. Objectives: 1. To assess doctor-patient communication. 2. To determine patient’s overall satisfaction. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was done in an In-patient department (IPD) of tertiary care teaching hospital by interviewing patients. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 17 software. Results: Out of all participants, 28.7% said that the concerned doctor did not explain the cause of their complaints and 33% responded that the diagnosis was not explained to them by doctor completely. Conclusion: The findings of this investigation indicate gaps in doctor-patient communication which needs to be bridged as ineffective communication affects treatment outcome.