Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Marketing Scholarship's Legacy on Nonprofit Marketing

This inquiry contributes to the literature on the development of “nonprofit marketing thought” by describing how the field’s early period established a legacy effect on nonprofit marketing scholarship to the present day. This qualitative work uses a wide variety of sources from a protracted historical period in order to more fully inform a perspective on the relevant issues that have influenced the development of nonprofit marketing scholarship. The investigation suggests that, although the debate on whether or not marketing is a science was nominally resolved years ago, the origins of marketing scholarships as an applied business discipline remain influential. The effects on this influence is a body of research that is fragmented, conflicted, sometimes invalid, and has produced few general theories indicative of a social science. Recommendations are offered for improving the quality of nonprofit marketing scholarship.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) A search for non-triggered gamma-ray bursts in the BATSE data base

We describe a search of archival data from the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE). The purpose of the search is to Ðnd astronomically interesting transients that did not activate the burstdetection (or ““ trigger ÏÏ) system on board the spacecraft. Our search is sensitive to events with peak Ñuxes (on the 1.024 s timescale) that are lower by a factor of D2 than can be detected with the on-board burst trigger. In a search of 345 days of archival data, we detected 91 events in the 50È300 keV range that resemble classical gamma-ray bursts but that did not activate the on-board burst trigger. We also detected 110 low-energy (25È50 keV) events of unknown origin that may include activity from soft gamma repeater (SGR) 1806[20 and bursts and Ñares from X-ray binaries. This paper gives the occurrence times, estimated source directions, durations, peak Ñuxes, and Ñuences for the 91 gamma-ray burst candidates. The direction and intensity distributions of these bursts imply that the biases inherent in the on-board trigger mechanism have not signiÐcantly a†ected the completeness of the published BATSE gamma-ray burst catalogs. Subject headings : gamma rays : bursts È X-rays : bursts
Do Non-Audit Service Fees Associate with Accrual Earnings Management during the IPO?

The objectives of this paper it to examine the association between nonaudit service fees and accrual earnings management that take place during the IPO year. While nonaudit service fees and accrual earnings management has been examined in a number of settings, to date, there has been no work that analyses this association for IPO firm. The findings of this paper find evidence for clients of low quality audit firms that nonaudit service fees are positively associated with accrual earnings management during the IPO year, suggesting that nonaudit service fees compromise auditor independence.
Postinflationary scalar tensor cosmology and inflationary parameters

Scalar fields provide attractive modifications of pre-BBN cosmology, which have interesting implications for dark matter abundances. We analyze the effect of these modifications on the number of $e$-foldings between the horizon exit of cosmic microwave background modes and the end of inflation $({N}_{k})$, and examine the consequences for inflationary predictions of various models. We find significant effects in the predictions in the $({n}_{s},r)$ plane. For a large part of the parameter space, the shift in ${N}_{k}$ is positive; this ameliorates the tension of ${m}^{2}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{2}$ and natural inflation with data.
A GEMINI/GMOS STUDY OF INTERMEDIATE LUMINOSITY EARLY-TYPE VIRGO CLUSTER GALAXIES. I. GLOBULAR CLUSTER AND STELLAR KINEMATICS

We present a kinematic analysis of the globular cluster (GC) systems and diffuse stellar light of four intermediate luminosity (sub-L*) early-type galaxies in the Virgo cluster based on Gemini Multi-Object Spectrographs (GMOS) data. Our galaxy sample is fainter ( − 23.8 < M K < − 22.7 ? > ) than most previous studies, nearly doubling the number of galaxies in this magnitude range that now have GC kinematics. The data for the diffuse light extends to 4Re, and the data for the GCs reaches 8–12Re. We find that the kinematics in these outer regions are all different despite the fact that these four galaxies have similar photometric properties, and are uniformly classified as “fast rotators” from their stellar kinematics within 1Re. The GC systems exhibit a wide range of kinematic morphology. The rotation axis and amplitude can change between the inner and outer regions, including a case of counter-rotation. This difference shows the importance of wide-field kinematic studies, and shows that stellar and GC kinematics can change significantly as one moves beyond the inner regions of galaxies. Moreover, the kinematics of the GC systems can differ from that of the stars, suggesting that the formation of the two populations are also distinct.
Radiation stability of EUV multilayer mirrors

This thesis describes the development and characterization of high thermal and radiation stable Si-based multilayer mirrors for their application in extreme ultraviolet lithographic steppers. Although EUV Lithography (EUVL) is an optical lithography, the reduced wavelength introduces new challenges because all materials are absorbing at 13.5 nm: The application of multilayer mirrors in EUVL requires not only the highest possible normal-incidence reflectivity but also a long-term thermal and radiation stability at operating temperatures. This requirement is most important in the case of the collector mirror of the illumination system close to the EUV source where a short-time decrease in reflectivity is most likely.
Synthesis of catalysts with fine platinum particles supported by high-surface-area activated carbons and optimization of their catalytic activities for polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Herein, we demonstrated that carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) is a low-cost and high-performance electrocatalyst for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The ethanol reduction method was used to prepare the Pt/C catalyst, which was realized by an effective matching of the carbon support and optimization of the Pt content for preparing a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). For this, the synthesis of Pt/C catalysts with different Pt loadings was performed on two different carbons (KB1600 and KB800) as new support materials. Analysis of the XRD pattern and TEM images showed that the Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with an average diameter of ca. 1.5 nm were uniformly dispersed on the carbon surface. To further confirm the size of the NPs, the coordination numbers of Pt derived from X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) data were used. These results suggest that the NP size is almost identical, irrespective of Pt loading. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis indicated the presence of mesopores in each carbon. The BET surface area was found to increase with increasing Pt loading, and the value of the BET surface area was as high as 1286 m2 gcarbon−1. However, after 40 wt% Pt loading on both carbons, the BET surface area was decreased due to pore blockage by Pt NPs. The oxidation reduction reaction (ORR) activity for Pt/KB1600, Pt/KB800 and commercial Pt/C was evaluated by Koutecky–Levich (K–L) analysis, and the results showed first-order kinetics with ORR. The favourable surface properties of carbon produced Pt NPs with increased density, uniformity and small size, which led to a higher electrochemical surface area (ECSA). The ECSA value of the 35 wt% Pt/KB1600 catalyst was 155.0 m2 gpt−1 higher than that of the Pt/KB800 and commercial Pt/C (36.7 wt%) catalysts. A Higher ECSA indicates more available active sites for catalyst particles. The single cell test with MEA revealed that the cell voltage in the high current density regions depends on the BET surface area, and the durability of the 35 wt% Pt/KB1600 catalyst was superior to that of the 30 wt% Pt/KB800 and commercial Pt/C (46.2 wt%) catalysts. This suggests that an optimal ratio of Pt to Pt/KB1600 catalyst provides adequate reaction sites and mass transport, which is crucial to the PEFC's high performance.
Estimation — Insights & Model

This paper addresses the problem of viewpoint estimation of an object in a given image. It presents five key insights and a CNN that is based on them. The network’s major properties are as follows. (i) The architecture jointly solves detection, classification, and viewpoint estimation. (ii) New types of data are added and trained on. (iii) A novel loss function, which takes into account both the geometry of the problem and the new types of data, is propose. Our network allows a substantial boost in performance: from 36.1% gained by SOTA algorithms to 45.9%.
Chemistry in a gravitationally unstable protoplanetary disc

Until now, axisymmetric, α-disc models have been adopted for calculations of the chemical composition of protoplanetary discs. While this approach is reasonable for many discs, it is not appropriate when self-gravity is important. In this case, spiral waves and shocks cause temperature and density variations that affect the chemistry. We have adopted a dynamical model of a solar-mass star surrounded by a massive (0.39 M⊙), self-gravitating disc, similar to those that may be found around Class 0 and early Class I protostars, in a study of disc chemistry. We find that for each of a number of species, e.g. H2O, adsorption and desorption dominate the changes in the gas-phase fractional abundance; because the desorption rates are very sensitive to temperature, maps of the emissions from such species should reveal the locations of shocks of varying strengths. The gas-phase fractional abundances of some other species, e.g. CS, are also affected by gas-phase reactions, particularly in warm shocked regions. We conclude that the dynamics of massive discs have a strong impact on how they appear when imaged in the emission lines of various molecular species.
Distributional,National,Accounts: Methods,and,Estimates,for,the,United,States

This paper combines tax, survey, and national accounts data to estimate the distribution of national income in the United States since 1913. Our distributional national accounts capture 100% of national income, allowing us to compute growth rates for each quantile of the income distribution consistent with macroeconomic growth. We estimate the distribution of both pre-tax and post-tax income, making it possible to provide a comprehensive view of how government redistribution affects inequality. Average pre-tax national income per adult has increased 60% since 1980, but we find that it has stagnated for the bottom 50% of the distribution at about $16,000 a year. The pre-tax income of the middle class—adults between the median and the 90th percentile—has grown 40% since 1980, faster than what tax and survey data suggest, due in particular to the rise of tax-exempt fringe benefits. Income has boomed at the top: in 1980, top 1% adults earned on average 27 times more than bottom 50% adults, while they earn 81 times more today. The upsurge of top incomes was first a labor income phenomenon but has mostly been a capital income phenomenon since 2000. The government has offset only a small fraction of the increase in inequality. The reduction of the gender gap in earnings has mitigated the increase in inequality among adults. The share of women, however, falls steeply as one moves up the labor income distribution, and is only 11% in the top 0.1% today.
Study on suitability of locally available substrates for cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Jimma zone, Oromia regional state, southwestern Ethiopia

A mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above the ground on soil. The nutritional value of mushrooms is greater than one may think. Generally, it is a nature's hidden treasures of nutrition. The aim of this study was to access the suitability of available agro wastes of some lignocelluloses materials containing five different types of main substrates namely, sawdust (Sd), cow dung (Cd), teff straw (Tfs), corn cobs (CbZ) and chat left over (ChC). During this study, rate of mycelia invasion, cap diameters, stipe length, fresh weight per flush and total yield of Pleurotus ostreatus were recorded, accordingly. Results indicate that, CbZ alone, CbZ*Tfs, CbZ*Sd and Cd*CbZ showed highest biological efficiency of 83.62, 72.8 to 87.5, 62.6 to 7 and 63.4 to 63.8%, respectively, while the lowest yield was obtained from Cd*ChC and Tfs*ChC (46 to 50.16%). Moreover, CbZ alone as well as in combination with other agro wastes (Tfs*CbZ and CbZ*SdC, Cd*Tfs and Chat (Catha edulis)) enhanced the yield of P. ostreatus. Thus, the currently used agro wastes, such as corn cobs, teff straw, sawdust and cow dung are promising substrate for domestic as well as industrial production of mushroom. Key words: Agro wastes, oyster mushroom, spawn, substrate, yields.
The Environmental Impact of Perhentian Island

As a natural island, Perhentian Island has now become a popular attraction for both local and international tourists because of its beautiful beaches and islands. The rapid development of the tourism sector will consequently lead to the high influx of tourists to the tourist destination. However, uncontrolled tourism development can have negative impacts on the environment. The purpose of this study is to identify the perception of the residents on the environmental impact of tourism development in their area. A total of 200 questionnaires were applied in Perhentian Island by using a simple random sampling method. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, reliability test, factor analysis, independent ttest, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression. The results of this study showed that 38.855% of variance of residents perception has been explained by natural resources of tourism, 23.163% of variance has been explained by environmental concerns of tourism and 16.210% of variance has been explained by environmental pollution of tourism. There were significant differences in variables such as age [F (74,125) = 1.574, p=0.013] and monthly income [F (74,125) = 2.424, p=0.000] with resident perception of the overall impacts of the environment. Further, the components of environmental impact namely natural resources, environmental concern and environmental pollution, are predictors of resident support for the tourism sector [F (3,196) = 4.704, ρ<0.05] in Perhentian Island. As a conclusion, this study has provided a clear picture of the environmental impacts of tourism development and residents support for tourism development in Perhentian Island. Subsequently, the environmental impacts received by the residents were further explored to identify the components involved and subsequently linked to their support for the development of the tourism sector.
MEAN CONVERGENCE OF HERMITE AND LAGUERRE SERIES

where sn{x) is the nth partial sum of the Hermite polynomial series for/(x), only for p = l. This, of course, implies that limn_œ (TMw \sn{x)—f{x)\"e~*2 dx = 0 for every/(x) satisfying J"œ \f{x)\Pe~x2dx<co only in case/? = 2. With || ||p denoting the usual (unweighted) norm on ( — 00, 00), Askey and Wainger in [1] showed that there is an inequality of the type, ||in(x)e"Jc2'2||p^C||/(x)e"ï2,2||ï„ for Aj3<p<A and not for other values of p, and they obtained the corresponding mean convergence theorem. Similar results were proved in both papers for Laguerre series. The contrast of these results and the fact that trigonometric series converge in the mean for \<p<co suggest that an inequality of the form ||jn(x)n'(x)||p ^ C||/(x)h>(x)Ilp should be possible forp ä 4 or 1 <p g 4/3 if w{x), possibly depending on p, is chosen properly. The main results of this paper are that not even the individual terms of a Hermite or Laguerre series can satisfy such an inequality and that the terms will not converge to 0 in the mean if p is not between 4/3 and 4. Specifically, the following will be proved.
Consistency of satellite-based precipitation products in space and over time compared with gauge observations and snow- hydrological modelling in the Lake Titicaca region

Abstract. This paper proposes a protocol to assess the space–time consistency of 12 satellite-based precipitation products (SPPs) according to various indicators, including (i) direct comparison of SPPs with 72 precipitation gauges; (ii) sensitivity of streamflow modelling to SPPs at the outlet of four basins; and (iii) the sensitivity of distributed snow models to SPPs using a MODIS snow product as reference in an unmonitored mountainous area. The protocol was applied successively to four different time windows (2000–2004, 2004–2008, 2008–2012 and 2000–2012) to account for the space–time variability of the SPPs and to a large dataset composed of 12 SPPs (CMORPH–RAW v.1, CMORPH–CRT v.1, CMORPH–BLD v.1, CHIRP v.2, CHIRPS v.2, GSMaP v.6, MSWEP v.2.1, PERSIANN, PERSIANN–CDR, TMPA–RT v.7, TMPA–Adj v.7 and SM2Rain–CCI v.2), an unprecedented comparison. The aim of using different space scales and timescales and indicators was to evaluate whether the efficiency of SPPs varies with the method of assessment, time window and location. Results revealed very high discrepancies between SPPs. Compared to precipitation gauge observations, some SPPs (CMORPH–RAW v.1, CMORPH–CRT v.1, GSMaP v.6, PERSIANN, and TMPA–RT v.7) are unable to estimate regional precipitation, whereas the others (CHIRP v.2, CHIRPS v.2, CMORPH–BLD v.1, MSWEP v.2.1, PERSIANN–CDR, and TMPA–Adj v.7) produce a realistic representation despite recurrent spatial limitation over regions with contrasted emissivity, temperature and orography. In 9 out of 10 of the cases studied, streamflow was more realistically simulated when SPPs were used as forcing precipitation data rather than precipitation derived from the available precipitation gauge networks, whereas the SPP's ability to reproduce the duration of MODIS-based snow cover resulted in poorer simulations than simulation using available precipitation gauges. Interestingly, the potential of the SPPs varied significantly when they were used to reproduce gauge precipitation estimates, streamflow observations or snow cover duration and depending on the time window considered. SPPs thus produce space–time errors that cannot be assessed when a single indicator and/or time window is used, underlining the importance of carefully considering their space–time consistency before using them for hydro-climatic studies. Among all the SPPs assessed, MSWEP v.2. 1 showed the highest space–time accuracy and consistency in reproducing gauge precipitation estimates, streamflow and snow cover duration.
Sanitary quality of broiler litter reused

Considering the importance of the substrate to bedding in the poultry industry in Brazil, and the enormous pressure on environmental management as to the correct use and management of the waste generated by the production sector, this study aimed to analyze the effect of reuses of two types of litter on sanitary qualities and productive performance of broilers. The study was conducted with litter from 32 different broiler houses, two types of substrates and four cycles of reuses. The litter sanitary quality was verified by the identification of the presence of Escherichia coli and Salmonellaspp. and the incidence of footpad dermatitis. It was observed that the coffee hulls litter presented a reduction of 28.61 percentage points in the probability of occurrence of Salmonella spp when compared to the wood shavings litter, nevertheless, no statistical difference was observed on bacterial occurrence with Salmonella spp. for litter of different types or numbers of reutilization. The presence of Escherichia coli was detected in litter of all cycles, for both types of substrate. The occurrence of footpad lesions was detected for both types of litter, and was influenced by the number of reutilization cycles of the litter. The degree of incidence was detected only for the litter with coffee hull in which there was an increase of 30% between the first and second reuse from which tended to stabilize.
FOXE 1 association with both isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate , and isolated cleft palate

Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA, Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA, Department of Pediatrics, Roy C. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA, College of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellı́n, Colombia, Laboratorio de Genética Forense y Huellas Digitales del DNA, Medellı́n, Colombia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Craniofacial Center, Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA, Departments of Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA, Department of Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230, Denmark, Section for Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Craniofacial Development, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia, Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Durham, NC 27709, USA, Genome Technology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA and Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health and Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
Reflections on Historical / Diplomatic Relations with Japan and the U . S . : International Newspaper Coverage of the 60 th Anniversary of the Hiroshima Bombing

Introduction Even a cursory comparison of international newspaper coverage of the 60 anniversary of the explosion of an atomic bomb over Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, reveals that the portrayals of the event conflict with one another around the world. This study aims to investigate the ways in which major newspaper accounts memorialized the event of the world’s first nuclear attack on Hiroshima, 60 years previously. The goal is to understand the extent to which the depictions of the event overlap, in what ways they differ, and why – with the ultimate aim of ascertaining to what extent the event is perceived as relevant to the goal of building a lasting world peace. The data for the study consist of articles published between August 5 and August 8, 2005, in newspapers in 12 countries/regions around the world. The mainly qualitative content and frame analysis focuses on major themes and descriptions emphasized in the articles. The study is undertaken from a theoretical framework that assumes: (1) media content, especially international coverage, is influenced/biased by diplomatic relations, historical views, and ideology, and (2) media discourse is a social practice through which meaning is constructed in particular contexts. The following specific research questions are addressed: