Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of soil physics, chemistry, and microbiology on soil carbon sequestration in infertile red soils after long‐term cultivation of perennial grasses

Determining the effect of perennial energy crop (PEC) cultivation on soil organic carbon (SOC) in marginal land soil is vital for carbon neutrality and bioeconomy development. However, a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the response of SOC content to different PECs and its underlying drivers is still lacking. We used soil data collected from infertile red topsoil (0–20 cm) after 10 years of cultivation with Miscanthus (MS), Panicum virgatum (SG), and Saccharum arundinaceum (SA) to explore the changes in SOC stock induced by PEC. The roles of physical, chemical, and microbiological factors driving the increase in the SOC stock were investigated. Results revealed that SA and MS enhanced SOC stock by 87.97% and 27.52% relative to the uncultivated control. Conversely, PEC increased the percentage of soil mega‐aggregates, geometric mean diameters, soil chelate iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al) oxides, and reduced soil acidity for the infertile red soils. In addition, fungal richness and diversity for PEC soils were enhanced compared to the unplanted soil. It is possible that PEC cultivation reduced the relative abundance of copiotrophic fungi but increased the relative abundance of oligotrophic fungi. Furthermore, variance partitioning analysis revealed that chemical and microbiological factors accounted for 80.54% of the total variation for the SOC stock. The partial least squares path model showed that PEC cultivation enhanced soil carbon (C) stock via soil deacidification and increased soil bacterial function. In conclusion, this study confirms the SOC sequestration potential of PEC cultivation in marginal land and the underlying mechanism driving SOC stock. The main positive factors controlling soil C sequestration included “pH,” while the negative factors were “bacterial community,” “fungal community,” and “bacterial function. ” Our research may help encourage and support decision‐makers of wasted marginal land conversion to PEC cultivation.
Analysis of The Influence of Nutritional Status Variables and Environmental Sanitation on The Event of Diarrhous to Children

Introduction: Diarrhea in 2019 became the second leading cause of death in children under five. The causes of diarrhoea include infection, malabsorption, and food and are influenced by several factors such as behavioural, nutritional, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. This study aimed to analyze the effect of variables on nutritional status and environmental sanitation on the incidence of diarrhoea in children under five in the South Lampung Regency. Method: This study is survey research with a cross-sectional design and uses binary logistic regression analysis. The samples taken were 380 toddlers aged 6-59 months. Result: 10 of the 21 predictor variables had a significant effect on the 5% significant level of the incidence of diarrhoea, where there were nine predictor variables, including poor/poor nutritional status, history of exclusive breastfeeding, clean water sources from BOR wells, clean water sources from PDAM. mountain spring drinking water sources, latrine facilities, septic tank facilities, managed waste management, and the floor of a ceramic house can reduce the incidence of diarrhea with odds ratio and [p=] values of 0.06[0.000], 0.33[0.017], 0.01[0.0000], 0.02[0.000], 0.02[0.004], 0.04[0.000], 0.01[0.025], 0.02[0.001], and 0.10[0.000]. Toddlers living in noncoastal areas have a 1.08 times higher chance of experiencing diarrhoea than coastal areas. In contrast, one variable, namely the age of toddlers, can increase the susceptibility to diarrhoea in toddlers with the odds ratio and [p=] values of 1.04 [0.007, respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that the influence of nutritional status variables and environmental sanitation has a great possibility to reduce the incidence of diarrhoea in children under five, namely in the group of nutritional status variables, including poor/poor nutritional status, age of toddlers, and history of exclusive breastfeeding.
Spectral compression in supercontinuum generation through the higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with non-Kerr terms using subnanojoule femtosecond pulses

We investigate numerically the supercontinuum generation (SCG) phenomenon, using femtosecond pulses in the subnanoscale of energies through the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation that includes non-Kerr terms. Our results with 50 fs pulses in the anomalous dispersion regime show that, in comparison to the single cubic Kerr nonlinearity (CKN) case, the cooperative nonlinearities improve the spectral broadening, while the competing ones compress the spectral SCG bandwidth. Surprisingly, with the reduction of the pulse width, the cooperative nonlinearities induce a spectral compression while the competing ones keep the SCG bandwidth nearly constant from the input to the output of the considered waveguide. The increase of both the energy and the nonlinearity confirms this feature, showing that spectral compression is also obtained in the single CKN case, but less than in the case of cooperative nonlinearities.
Meteorological determinants of bicycle traffic volume in Toruń

This paper presents the results of research on the correlation between bicycle traffic volume (number of bicycles per day detected by counters) in Toruń and a selection of meteorological elements. The analysis covered the years 2019–21 and the data was sourced from the Municipal Roads Authority in Toruń and meteomodel.pl. Using IBM SPSS Statistics, models were developed to illustrate the influence of weather conditions on bicycle traffic volume in different periods of the year. The volume of bicycle traffic in Toruń was lowest in January (on average N=709 bikes recorded per day) and highest in July (N=4533). The period from June until September, during which the number of recorded bicycle passes was more than 2.5 times greater than in the remaining months of the year, was referred to as the ‘high season’. Amongst the analysed variables the strongest determinant of bicycle traffic was decidedly air temperature. However, in individual months, especially in summer, other weather elements also played a major part in affecting the so-called apparent temperature. This allowed for the identification of the weather-related preferences of cyclists in such months.
What Determines Banks’ Profitability? Evidence from Emerging Markets—the Case of the UAE Banking Sector

The primary objective of this study is to examine the variables that impact the profitability of UAE banks. The current study provides evidence of important bank-specific, macroeconomic, and industry-specific variables that have affected UAE banks’ profitability by analyzing balanced panel data for 2006 to 2013. Both Islamic and non-Islamic, domestic commercial banks are considered for the purposes of this study. This paper puts into relief the determinants of the profitability of the domestic commercial banking sector of the UAE. The sample comprises 19 UAE domestic banks. The paper examines internal variables (company-level indicators), which include size, liquidity, and capital adequacy, as well as external variables, which include macroeconomic and industry-specific variables. Panel data regression analysis is used for the analysis. Based on the empirical analysis, the cost efficiency, nontraditional revenue sources, and high asset quality are the most significant bank-specific variables, and bank managers can use them to make future policy decisions. The GDP, a macroeconomic variable, is found to be relevant to the return on assets and return on equity. The model generated in the study can explain a greater than 75% change in the total variance of various measures of profitability. This paper adds to the body of knowledge by empirically highlighting the most recent and extensive panel data for the entire domestic banking sector of the UAE, undoubtedly one of the most important banking sectors in the Middle East. The paper uses a range of independent variables for the internal, macroeconomic, and industry-specific variables.
A numerical investigation of the inverse potential conductivity problem in a circular inclusion

In this paper we consider the inverse conductivity problem which requires the determination of the location, size and/or non-dimensional conductivity, k, of a circular inclusion D contained in a domain Ω from measured electric voltage, ϕ, and electric current flux, (∂ϕ/∂n), on the boundary ∂Ω. Concrete practical applications concern electrical impedance tomography experiments which are performed in order to monitor patients' internal diseases. This difficult inverse problem, yet completely unsolved, is approached using the boundary element method in conjunction with a least-squares minimization procedure. The influence of each variable (such as the location and size of the inclusion, the non-dimensional conductivity k and the ‘noisy’ measured boundary values) on the stability and convergence of the numerical solution is thoroughly investigated. It was found that the retrieval of the location and size of the circular inclusion is convergent and stable no matter whether k is known or unknown. The retrieval of k is stable with respect to noise in the boundary measurements, but unstable with respect to noise in the location and/or size of the inclusion.
Response of Tropical Deep Convection to Localized Heating Perturbations: Implications for Aerosol-Induced Convective Invigoration

AbstractA cloud-system-resolving model is used to investigate the effects of localized heating/cooling perturbations on tropical deep convection, in the context of the aerosol “invigoration effect. ” This effect supposes that a reduction of droplet collision–coalescence in polluted conditions leads to lofting of cloud water in convective updrafts and enhanced freezing, latent heating, and buoyancy. To specifically isolate and test this mechanism, heating perturbations were applied to updrafts with corresponding cooling applied in downdrafts. Ensemble simulations were run with either perturbed or unperturbed conditions and large-scale forcing from a 7.5-day period of active monsoon conditions during the 2006 Tropical Warm Pool–International Cloud Experiment. In the perturbed simulations there was an initial invigoration of convective updrafts and surface precipitation, but convection returned to its unperturbed state after about 24 h because of feedback with the larger-scale environment. This feedback led t.
Effect of BIO-PLYTM, a Platelet-Rich Plasma Derived Biologic on PRRSV-2-Infected Macrophages

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is the one of the most devastating diseases impacting the swine industry worldwide. Control and prevention methods rely on biosafety measures and vaccination. As an RNA virus with a high rate of mutation, vaccines are only partially effective against circulating and newly emerging strains. To reduce the burden of this disease, research on alternative control methods is needed. Here, we assess the in vitro antiviral effect of a novel platelet-rich plasma-derived biologic termed BIO-PLYTM (for the BIOactive fraction of Platelet-rich plasma LYsate) from both swine and equine origin. Our results show that BIO-PLYTM significantly reduces the amount of PRRSV viral load determined by RT-qPCR and the number of infectious viral particles measured by TCID50 in infected porcine alveolar and parenchymal macrophages. This study also showed limited toxicity of BIO-PLYTM in vitro and aspects of its immunomodulatory capacity evaluating the regulation of reactive oxygen species and cytokines production in infected cells. Finally, this study presents promising data on the effect of BIO-PLYTM on other RNA viruses such as human A influenza viruses and coronavirus.
A Lie Theoretic Approach to Thompson's Theorems on Singular Values–Diagonal Elements and Some Related Results

Thompson's famous theorems on singular values–diagonal elements of the orbit of an n×n matrix A under the action (1) U(n) ⊗ U(n) where A is complex, (2) SO(n) ⊗ SO(n), where A is real, (3) O(n) ⊗ O(n) where A is real are fully examined. Coupled with Kostant's result, the real semi‐simple Lie algebra son, n yields (2) and hence (3) and the sufficient part (the hard part) of (1). In other words, the curious subtracted term(s) are well explained. Although the diagonal elements corresponding to (1) do not form a convex set in Cn, the projection of the diagonal elements into Rn (or iRn) is convex and the characterization of the projection is related to weak majorization. An elementary proof is given for this hidden convexity result. Equivalent statements in terms of the Hadamard product are also given. The real simple Lie algebra sun, n shows that such a convexity result fits into the framework of Kostant's result. Convexity properties and torus relations are studied. Thompson's results on the convex hull of matrices (complex or real) with prescribed singular values, as well as Hermitian matrices (real symmetric matrices) with prescribed eigenvalues, are generalized in the context of Lie theory. Also considered are the real simple Lie algebras sop, q and sop, q, p < q, which yield the rectangular cases. It is proved that the real part and the imaginary part of the diagonal elements of complex symmetric matrices with prescribed singular values are identical to a convex set in Rn and the characterization is related to weak majorization. The convex hull of complex symmetric matrices and the convex hull of complex skew symmetric matrices with prescribed singular values are given. Some questions are asked.
Monitoring Pigment Dynamics Involved in the Ripening of Sweet Cherries Non-Destructively Using Confocal Micro Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract The present study demonstrates the potential of confocal micro Raman spectroscopy together with data mining approaches such as principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis for the nondestructive monitoring of pigment changes during the ripening of sweet cherries. The exocarp of young, premature, mature, pre-ripe, ripe, and post-ripe stages was analyzed using a 532 nm laser as the excitation source. The analysis of the spectral profile shows that scattering features of the carotenoids, anthocyanins, and other flavonoids can be used for interpreting the events taking place during ripening of the cherries and serve as a maturity and ripening index. The intensities of carotenoids bands decrease with a subsequent increase in the anthocyanin bands in the ripe fruit spectra in comparison to that of mature and pre-ripe stages. The results of the principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis show that the complexity of the spectra is resolved by these approaches facilitating easy interpretation. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of confocal micro Raman spectroscopy with principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis for monitoring the ripening and determining quality attributes of the cherries nondestructively, rapidly, and sensitively. The results and spectral features are useful in conceptualizing fully automated instruments for cherry characterization and postharvest quality control.
A physically based scheme for the treatment of stratiform clouds and precipitation in large‐scale models. I: Description and evaluation of the microphysical processes

A stratiform‐cloud and precipitation scheme, incorporating prognostic variables for cloud liquid water and cloud ice, has been developed for the CSIRO global climate model (GCM). the scheme includes physically based treatments of key microphysical processes, turbulent mixing and semi‐Lagrangian advection of cloud‐water species and interactive cloud radiative properties. Objectives in the development of the scheme were to improve upon the physical realism of parametrizations used in earlier schemes, whilst also trying to provide a scheme with moderate computational overheads.
GYMNASTICS, GREEK TRADITIONAL DANCE AND TENNIS AS LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES: WHICH ONE TRIGGERS THE MOST POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES?

Participating in leisure-time physical activity (PA) is thought to positively associate withmental health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute psychologicalresponses of adults who take part in different types of leisure-time PA (gymnastics; Greektraditional dance; tennis). A total of 277 adults, aged 18-65 years (M= 35.9, SD= 12.76years), taking part in Greek traditional dance (n=89), gymnastics (n=88), or tennis (n=100)volunteered to participate. In order for potential changes in participants’ positive well-being,psychological distress and perceived fatigue to be examined, the Subjective ExerciseExperiences Scale (SEES) was administered before and after a session of the aforementionedprogrammes. The 3 (group [gymnastics vs Greek traditional dance vs tennis]) X 2 (time [pretestvs post-test) analyses of variance that were performed on the SEES subscales (positivewell-being; psychological distress; fatigue) revealed practically significant improvements inthe positive well-being for all participants (p<.001, η2=.25) and statistically significantinteractions (though not of practical importance) between group and time in positive wellbeing(p<.001, η2=.068), psychological distress (p<.05, η2=.02) and fatigue (p<.05,η2=.033), with participants in gymnastics presenting the most optimal results, followed bythose of Greek traditional dance. Although further research is needed to fully understand thefeatures of a PA/exercise that lead to the greatest boost in people’s well-being, taking intoaccount the growing prevalence of mental health disorders in our society, encouraging adultsto join in a leisure-time PA/exercise programme seems imperative for their (psychological)health benefit.
Effect of moisture content and temperature on tension strength of fingerjointed black spruce lumber

To optimize product performance, the various parameters which can influence the complex fingerjointing process must be evaluated. Among key variables are the conditions of the lumber blanks including moisture content (MC) and temperature. Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill) B.S.P.) 2- by 3-inch blocks at different MCs (12%, 16%, 20%, and green) were conditioned at several temperatures (-5°, 5°, 12°, and 20°C) prior to fingerjointing. Two types ofadhesives were used in this study: polymer emulsion polyurethane (PEP) and a new fast-curing formulation ofphenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF). All specimens were tested in tension after 24 hours of curing at room temperature to determine their ultimate tensile strength. Microscopic analysis of the adhesive bond was also carried out to explain differences between the various treatments. Results have shown that the operating envelope for PEP adhesive is between 12 percent and 16 percent and between 5 °C and 20°C. It was also found that frozen lumber bonded better with PRF compared to PEP. Optimum MC for the PRF adhesive was found to be 16 percent. High wood failure and a uniform glue penetration profile were associated with dry lumber ( 12%). High adhesive failure and a non-uniform glue penetration were generally observed with green lumber.
The Effect of Educational Games on Success in Teaching Mathematics: Reading and Writing Natural Numbers

In this study, the effect of educational games, which are included in the alternative learning activities prepared by the researchers, on the learning environment will be investigated. In other words, the effect of educational games on the elimination of difficulties experienced by students in reading and writing natural numbers and the formation of permanent learning in students will be investigated. In the research, a quasi-experimental model with pretest-posttest control group was used. The population of the research consists of 5th grade secondary school students studying in one of the Eastern provinces of Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of 75 students studying in two branches of the 5th grade of a primary school located in the city center of the same province in the 2021-2022 academic year. According to the results of the research, while the permanence of the success in learning activities with educational games was ensured, the success achieved with the traditional teaching method was not permanent. In this context, as a result of the research, it has been seen that educational games are a successful activity in providing learning and making it permanent.
Secular Changes of the Decadal Relationship Between the Northern Hemisphere Land Monsoon Rainfall and Sea Surface Temperature Over the Past Millennium in Climate Model Simulations

Understanding the decadal variability of Northern Hemisphere land monsoon rainfall (NHLMR) is crucial to social‐economic development. However, due to the temporal limitation of instrumental data, the decadal relationship between NHLMR and sea surface temperature (SST) remains uncertain. The extended El Niño–Southern Oscillation (XEN) SST index and the North Atlantic–south Indian Ocean dipole (NAID) SST index can be the predictors to help us understand the decadal relationship between NHLMR and SST. In this study, using the Community Earth System Model‐Last Millennium Ensemble (CESM‐LME) simulations, we find a significant and stable decadal correlation between the NHLMR and XEN in the all‐forcing (AF) (with natural and anthropogenic forcings, AF), control (internal variability only), and other external forcings run over the past millennium, which means that this simulated NHLMR‐XEN relationship is caused by internal variability. The AF experiments show that the decadal relationship between NHLMR and NAID is practically non‐existent until an abrupt and significant increase in volcanic eruptions at about 1700, which is also indicated by the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 3) simulations. Using the volcanic forcing sensitivity experiments, we find that the successive strong volcanic eruptions in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) significantly strengthen the synchronous changes of NHLMR and NAID after 1700, with a periodicity of 20–40‐year for NHLMR and NAID. Specifically, successive NH eruptions weaken the north‐south hemispheric thermal contrast, contributing to the weakened NAID index. The cross‐equator flow is thus weakened, decreasing the NHLMR, which cause a resonant behavior of NHLMR and NAID.
Plane-wave expansion for arrays of arbitrarily oriented piecewise linear elements and its application in determining the impedance of a single linear antenna in a lossy half-space

An infinite array of arbitrarily oriented identical elements with arbitrary identical currents is considered. The field from this array is expanded into plane inhomogeneous waves, and the mutual impedance between the array elements and an exterior arbitrarily oriented element is derived. The formulation is particularly useful when the array is located adjacent to a dielectric interface. Numerical examples are given and the relationship to earlier formulations pointed out. It is further shown that the impedance of a single element can be obtained as the average of the scan impedance taken over the entire hemisphere (called the array scanning method (ASM)). This technique has a clear physical interpretation which greatly facilitates its uses, which include the moment method solutions of wire antennas as applied to the Sommerfeld integral. Numerical evaluation is straightforward when the dipole is in the lossy half-space, and the utility of the method is demonstrated by the presentation of results for the input impedance of dipoles in a variety of half-space environments. Solution is by Galerkin's method with a piecewise sinusoidal expansion for the current. Computer time is proportional to d^{-1} , where d is the distance of the dipole to the interface. For conducting media and low frequencies an approximation is made to reduce computation time. The moment method solution of a dipole buried at a depth as small as 1/150000 wavelength in the earth is presented.