Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validação de equações antropométricas específicas e generalizadas para estimativa do percentual de gordura corporal em estudantes de Educação Física do sexo masculino

The objective of this study was to verify the validity of the specific equations Guedes and Guedes(7) and generalized by Petroski(9) in male college students. One hundred four students of Physical Education with a mean age of 21.7 ± 2.7 participated in the current study. They were submitted to the hydrostatic weighing (HW) and anthropometry (skinfolds and body circumferences). No statistically significant difference between measurements of fat percentage by PH and nine equations Petroski(9) was observed. All results obtained by equations Guedes and Guedes(7) showed significant differences when compared with the PH. Among the equations analyzed eight developed by Petroski(9) showed concurrent validity in the study sample.
Synthetic streamflow generation: 1. Model verification and validation

A part of the streamflow construction and simulation process is the verification that a stochastic streamflow model reproduces those statistics which by design it should reproduce; the use of unbiased statistics is shown to be advantageous in this exercise. In addition, if a model reproduces statistics not used in the model-parameter estimation process, its credibility is further enhanced. These concepts are illustrated, and the performance of a wide range of monthly streamflow models are compared using data for the upper Delaware River basin in New York State.
The early Carboniferous palaeogeography of the southern New England Belt, New South Wales

Abstract Early Carboniferous sedimentation in the southern part of the New England Belt reflects the gradual filling of the Tamworth Trough and a change from mainly marine to mainly non-marine deposition. Sedimentation was largely controlled by volcanism along the western and southern margins of the trough, but late in the Early Carboniferous uplifts associated with the emergence of the New England Arch combined with the volcanism to influence the configuration of the shoreline. In the latest Devonian or earliest Carboniferous volcanics and terrestrial sediments were deposited locally in the western part of the region, whereas fine-grained deeper water sediments accumulated to the north and east. A marine transgression early in the Tournaisian moved the shoreline westwards and established a region of shallow marine deposition which was linked with the deeper-water environment. Volcanism and rejuvenation of source areas in the late Tournaisian and early Visean caused a terrestrial piedmont containing a sha.
The application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, Version 2, to evaluate the impacts of alternative climate change scenarios on runoff and sediment yield

The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, Version 2 (RUSLE2), provides robust estimates of average annual sheet and rill erosion for one-dimensional hillslope representations. Extensive databases describing climate, soils, and management options have been developed and are widely used in the United States for conservation planning. Recent RUSLE2 enhancements allow estimation of erosion and runoff from a representative sequence of runoff events that are suitable for linkage with an ephemeral gully model. This paper reviews the sensitivity of RUSLE2 erosion estimates to possible climate change scenarios, demonstrates its ability to evaluate alternative management adaptations, and compares predictions with observations of runoff and sediment yield from a 6.6 ha (16 ac) research watershed located near Treynor, Iowa. When applied to a representative hillslope profile with conventional tillage corn (Zea mays L.), increasing monthly temperature by 0.8°C (1.5°F) and rainfall depth, rainfall erosivity density, and 10-year, 24-hour rainfall depth each by 10% cumulatively increased sheet and rill erosion by 47% and increased runoff by 33%, assuming there was no change in corn yield. If the climate changes decreased corn yield by 10%, the overall effect was to increase soil loss for conservation planning by 63%. These results demonstrate that modest and expected changes in climate will significantly increase the risk of soil erosion, and improved conservation management will be an important part of successful adaptation.
Bacterial contact induces polar plug disintegration to mediate whipworm egg hatching

The bacterial microbiota promotes the life cycle of the intestine-dwelling whipworm Trichuris by mediating hatching of parasite eggs ingested by the mammalian host. Despite the enormous disease burden associated with Trichuris colonization, the mechanisms underlying this transkingdom interaction have been obscure. Here, we used a multiscale microscopy approach to define the structural events associated with bacteria-mediated hatching of eggs for the murine model parasite Trichuris muris. Through the combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and serial block face SEM (SBFSEM), we visualized the outer surface morphology of the shell and generated 3D structures of the egg and larva during the hatching process. These images revealed that exposure to hatching-inducing bacteria catalyzed asymmetric degradation of the polar plugs prior to exit by the larva. Unrelated bacteria induced similar loss of electron density and dissolution of the structural integrity of the plugs. Egg hatching was most efficient when high densities of bacteria were bound to the poles. Consistent with the ability of taxonomically distant bacteria to induce hatching, additional results suggest chitinase released from larva within the eggs degrade the plugs from the inside instead of enzymes produced by bacteria in the external environment. These findings define at ultrastructure resolution the evolutionary adaptation of a parasite for the microbe-rich environment of the mammalian gut.
Middle Oligocene oceanic crust of South China Sea jammed into Mindoro collision zone (Philippines)

Mindoro Island, south of Luzon (Philippines), is a complex junction between the Manila Trench and the collision zone of the North Palawan block with the western Philippines mobile belt. Middle Oligocene ophiolites recognized in this suture are coeval with the oldest magnetic anomalies of the South China Sea basin. These ophiolites are part of a complex pile of terranes thrust above the North Palawan block at the lower–middle Miocene boundary. These ophiolites are interpreted as fragments of South China Sea oceanic crust jammed between two distinct continental blocks during the counterclockwise rotation of Luzon.
Caractéristiques et impacts hydrologiques de banquettes en cascade sur un versant semi-aride en Tunisie centrale / Characteristics and hydrological impacts of a cascade of bench terraces on a semi-arid hillslope in central Tunisia

Résumé L'aménagement des versants en banquettes, dans les régions semi-arides tunisiennes, est destiné à réduire l'érosion hydrique des sols, retenir les eaux de ruissellement et favoriser l'infiltration sur les versants. Cependant, l'impact hydrologique d'une cascade de banquettes reste mal connu. Dans ce travail, l'auteur a évalué celui d'une cascade de banquettes construites en juin 1997 sur un versant de superficie égale à 14.48 ha, dans la région d'Ousseltia en Tunisie centrale. Des mesures topographiques très fines ont été utilisées pour déterminer les caractéristiques précises et les impacts hydrologiques de chaque banquette. En juin 2006, la capacité totale de rétention de toutes les banquettes a été évaluée à 2535 m3. Après neuf ans, les canaux en amont des banquettes ont perdu 31% de leur capacité de rétention initiale. Chaque année, environ 171 t de sédiments sont retenues en amont de ces banquettes. Avant l'aménagement du versant en banquettes, le coefficient de ruissellement pour un événement pluvieux de 64 mm était de 65%. Après aménagement, la première année, le coefficient de ruissellement est estimé à 20% pour un événement pluvieux similaire. Après neuf ans, le coefficient de ruissellement est évalué à 38%. De plus, si tous les impluviums avaient été labourés, le ruissellement serait réduit à zéro pour la pluie de 64 mm même après neuf ans. Ainsi, les banquettes réduisent considérablement le ruissellement, l'érosion et le transport de sédiment sur ce versant aménagé. Abstract The benching of hillslopes in Tunisian semi-arid regions is intended to reduce soil erosion, store water runoff and enhance infiltration on hillslopes. The hydrological impact of bench terrraces remains unknown; therefore, that of a cascade of bench terraces built in June 1997 on a 14.48 ha hillslope in the Ousseltia region of central Tunisia was evaluated. Accurate topographic measurements were used to determine precise characteristics and hydrological effects for each contour ridge. In June 2006, the total retention capacity of the cascade was 2535 m3. In nine years, the channels uphill of the bench terraces have lost 31% of their initial storage capacity. Each year, approximately 171 t of sediments are retained uphill of these bench terraces. Before the bench terraces were set up, the runoff coefficient for a rainfall event of 64 mm was 65%. In the first year after introducing the terraces, the runoff coefficient for a similar event was 20%. After nine years, the runoff coefficient is 38%. Moreover, if all the runoff area uphill of the benches were ploughed, the runoff would be reduced to zero for a 64 mm rainfall event, even after nine years. Thus, bench terraces do significantly reduce runoff, erosion and sediment transport on this engineered hillslope.
Positive cloud‐to‐ground lightning in summer thunderstorms

This paper describes cloud-to-ground lightning that lowers positive charge to earth over mountainous terrain in the northern Rocky Mountain region. A sample of 14 visually confirmed ground flashes provided criteria for identifying positive ground flashes by using only measured electric fields. According to these criteria, 75 positive ground flashes occurred within the 2830 km2 sampling area during three consecutive summer seasons. About 3% of all ground flashes lowered positive charge. The area density of positive ground flashes is about 0.01/km2 per summer season compared to an area density of negative ground flashes of 0.3/km2 per summer season. Positive ground flashes occurred within the sampling area on 16 of 48 thunderstorm days. Daily occurrences ranged from 1 to 11. When lightning could be associated with individual thunderstorms, the positive flashes usually occurred in sequence during the final 30 min of the storm. The 75 positive flashes are very similar. Each has a single R stroke followed by a continuing current interval. The continuing current duration distribution is approximately log normal, with range 5 to 160 ms and mean of about 60 ms. The prestroke intervals, the total period of field change preceding the first R stroke, are similarly distributed over the range 65 to 210 ms with mean of about 130 ms. Leader field change durations, the latter portion of the prestroke interval, range from 40 to 70 ms with mean of about 50 ms. The positive ground flashes occurred over mountainous and forested terrain free of man-made structures. Available data indicate that the positive ground flashes for this region may, in most instances, be initiated by positive downward leaders following a horizontally elongated out-of-cloud path to ground.
Trends in summer extreme temperatures over the Iberian Peninsula using nonurban station data

Heat wave event trends over the Iberian Peninsula (IP) are studied using extreme value theory, specifically the peaks‐over‐threshold (POT) approach. Summer (June–August) daily temperature records from 20 observatories regularly distributed over Iberia in places far from urban effects were available for the common period 1961–2010. Heat waves are defined as days occurring above the 95th percentile of the temperature distribution, considering both maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperatures. These events were identified using a “run declustering” scheme to select independent extreme events exceeding the threshold. Also, the dates of occurrence of the independent events were fitted to a Poisson process. Trends in the following parameters were studied: the scale parameter of the POT approach, the Poisson intensity, mean, return level period, and low (25th percentile) and high (75th percentile) values. The optimal trends in the Poisson intensity considering both Tmax and Tmin show a major increase in the occurrence of heat waves. Also, the rise in the return level trend was less than that in the mean of Tmin and Tmax, and the analysis of the values of Tminand Tmax showed a greater increasing trend in the low values (25th percentile) than in the high values (75th percentile), especially for Tmax, leading to a decrease in the variance. Over the IP, temperature extremes are increasing but not as much as the mean because the variance is tending to decrease. This highlights the important role of variance in the evolution of extremes.
Pregnancy and SARS-CoV-2 infection with a focus on its vertical transmission, breastfeeding, cord blood banking, and vaccination during COVID-19 infection

ABSTRACT The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak led to a health crisis worldwide. This infection can infect individuals, particularly pregnant women. In this review, we tried to find the possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 and investigate the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy, breastfeeding, cord blood banking, and the effects of recommended vaccines on pregnant and lactating women. Keywords include COVID-19, congenital infection, SARS-CoV-2, pregnancy, and COVID-19 vaccines. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was searched in scientific databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The criteria for including studies in this article are the study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates during pregnancy and while breastfeeding, and also the effect of COVID-19 vaccines on them. There are several conflicting results in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from the maternal–fetal interface. Since many neonates born from COVID-19-infected mothers had no signs of this infection, the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 congenital transmission cannot be confirmed. Also, SARS-CoV-2-infected women can breastfeed their babies if they have mild symptoms. Up till now, no adverse effect of COVID-19 vaccines has been identified on mothers, infants, and the fertility of men or women. Even so, more investigations are needed on the long-term effects of COVID-19 vaccines.
Impact of Medicaid expansion on the multimodal treatment of biliary tract cancer

The impact of Medicaid expansion (ME) on the treatment of patients with cancer remains controversial, especially individuals requiring complex multidisciplinary care. We sought to evaluate the impact of Medicaid expansion (ME) on receipt of multimodal care, including surgical resection, for Stage I–III biliary tract cancer (BTC).
Circumventricular organ‐hypothalamic circuit endoplasmic reticulum stress drives hepatic steatosis during obesity

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by excess liver triglyceride accumulation (hepatic steatosis), leads to an increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases and obesity‐related mortality. Emerging evidence points to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the central nervous system as critical in NAFLD pathogenesis. Here, we tested the contribution of ER stress in a circumventricular organ‐hypothalamic circuit in NAFLD development during obesity.
Deciphering the molecular components of the quorum sensing system in the fungus Ophiostoma piceae

ABSTRACT Quorum sensing (QS) is a complex cell-cell communication mechanism that coordinates population-level behaviors in microbes. In eukaryotes, this phenomenon has been extensively described in the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans as its main QS molecule, the sesquiterpene alcohol farnesol, is responsible for various phenotypic (i.e., inhibition of yeast-to-hyphae transition, biofilm formation, and, hence, pathogenesis) and metabolic (i.e., induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis) changes. Ophiostoma piceae CECT 20416 is a dimorphic saprotrophic ascomycete with biotechnological interest that also produces farnesol as QS molecule, but in this case, the alcohol promotes the morphological transition to the mycelial form, biofilm formation, enzyme secretion, and melanin production. Here, we characterized the physiological response of Ophiostoma piceae to farnesol, the molecular components of the QS system of this fungus have been investigated using a “multiomics” approach that involved genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses. Some genes identified in this work are proposed as key factors in farnesol transport and signaling. We have also cataloged the genes undergoing major transcriptional changes triggered by the presence of the autoinducer, such as cell-wall remodeling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) protection, and melanin biosynthesis, using self-organizing maps. This analysis could be useful for applications in the forestry industry, for enzymes production, and for the valorization of residues. Furthermore, it might as well help to investigate the QS mechanisms of clinically relevant fungi phylogenetically related to Ophiostoma. IMPORTANCE This manuscript presents a comprehensive study on the molecular mechanisms triggered by the quorum sensing (QS) molecule farnesol in the biotechnologically relevant fungus Ophiostoma piceae. We present for the first time, using a multiomics approach, an in-depth analysis of the QS response in a saprotroph fungus, detailing the molecular components involved in the response and their possible mechanisms of action. We think that these results are particularly relevant in the knowledge of the functioning of the QS in eukaryotes, as well as for the exploitation of these mechanisms. This manuscript presents a comprehensive study on the molecular mechanisms triggered by the quorum sensing (QS) molecule farnesol in the biotechnologically relevant fungus Ophiostoma piceae. We present for the first time, using a multiomics approach, an in-depth analysis of the QS response in a saprotroph fungus, detailing the molecular components involved in the response and their possible mechanisms of action. We think that these results are particularly relevant in the knowledge of the functioning of the QS in eukaryotes, as well as for the exploitation of these mechanisms.
Palaeonenvironmental implications of plant, insect and other organic-walled microfossils in the Weald Clay Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of southeast England

A remarkable variety of plant and other organic-walled microfossils that are between 0.1 and 5.0 mm in maximum diameter have been recovered from two Weald Clay sections in Surrey, southeast England. The associations of these ‘mesofossils’ with each other, and with lithofacies, invertebrate macro- and microfossil occurrences and palynofacies require further investigation, but among a number of preliminary conclusions that have been drawn based on the data accumulated so far are the following. The amount of particulate organic matter of mesofossil size in a bed can usually be estimated from the general aspect of the lithology, but its composition is much harder to predict. As for older Wealden (Hastings Beds) occurrences, deposits in which megaspores are abundant often contain scattered small wood and cuticle fragments that are visible to the naked eye. Those displaying remains of insects of similar or larger size tend, not surprisingly, to yield the richest assemblages of mesofossil-sized fragments of this group. However, such zooclasts occur more widely than is apparent from the horizons that are obviously insect-bearing. This suggests that, more often than has generally been appreciated, minute black particles in standard palynological preparations of nonmarine sedimentary successions may include arthropod fragments. The common occurrence of charred remains ofWeichselia reticulataand other plants in association with disarticulated bits of insects may partly reflect both a type of vegetation that was prone to desiccation and some of the insects that lived within it, lightning-induced fire during droughts having been responsible for their death. A tendency towards an inverse relationship between this plant-insect association and large numbers of megaspores and/or seeds indicates that other habitats are also represented. Several of the megaspore genera are probably the products of aquatic or waterside plants. Delicate leafy shoots of uncertain affinity occur in several beds, but the general scarcity of larger pieces of wood and foliage suggests that the conifers and other gymnosperms may have been confined mainly to better drained parts of the Wealden lowland, and to the higher ground bordering it. Indicators of fresh to low salinity water were recovered from more than half of the samples examined. This is consistent with the general environment of sediment deposition inferred from the associated invertebrate faunas and dinoflagellate cyst assemblages.
Nonlinear Equilibration of Thermohaline Intrusions

Abstract The nonlinear behavior of thermohaline intrusions on a wide front is investigated using a one-dimensional numerical model. The model is used to follow the evolution of a field of intrusions from infinitesimal amplitude to a large-amplitude state characterized by inversions in temperature and salinity. It is thus possible to extend the analytical studies of Toole and Georgi and others to large amplitude, allowing for the effects of amplitude-dependent diffusivities, and for the appearance of stably stratified, diffusively stratified, and statically unstable regions in the water column as the intrusions grow. The model runs are initialized with infinitesimal disturbances that grow exponentially in time until inversions in temperature and salinity occur. After inversions appear, the intrusions evolve toward an equilibrium state in which friction balances buoyancy forces, for both finger- and diffusive-sense basic-state stratifications. These equilibrium states are characterized by statically unstabl.
Some Implications of Ekman Layer Dynamics for Cross-Shelf Exchange in the Amundsen Sea

Theexchangeofwarm,saltyseawateracrossthecontinentalshelvesoffWestAntarcticaleadstosubsurface glacial melting at the interface between the ocean and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. One mechanism that contributesto the cross-shelf transportis Ekmantransportinduced by along-slope currentsoverthe slope and shelf break. An investigation of this process is applied to the Amundsen Sea shelfbreak region, using recently acquiredandhistoricalfielddatatoguidetheanalyses.Along-slopecurrentswereobservedattransectsacross the eastern and western reaches of the Amundsen slope. Currents in the east flowed eastward, and currents farther west flowed westward. Under the eastward-flowing currents, hydrographic isolines sloped upward paralleling the seabed. In this layer, declining buoyancy forces rather than friction were bringing the velocity to zero at the seabed.Thebasin water in the easternpart ofthe shelfwas dominatedby wateroriginating from 800‐1000-m depth off shelf, suggesting that transport of such water across the shelf frequently occurs. The authors show that arrested Ekman layers mechanism can supply deep water to the shelf break in the eastern section, where it has access to the shelf. Because no unmodified off-shelf water was found on the shelf in the western part, bottom layer Ekman transport does not appear a likely mechanism for delivery of warm deep water to the western shelf area. Warming of the warm bottom water was most pronounced on the western shelf, where the deep-water temperature increased by 0.68C during the past decade.