Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunogenetics of Type 1 diabetes and Celiac disease

The primary purpose of understanding disease etiology is to explain how a specific phenotype is determined by genotype. In pursue of this aim, exploring the diversity in DNA sequence variants that affect biomedical traits, especially those related to the onset and progression of genetically determined human disease. The human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are highly polymorphic cell surface proteins encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region on chromosome 6. The HLA molecules are integral regulators for susceptibility to several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD), which share high-risk HLA haplotypes. Through next-generation sequencing (NGS), an integrated genotyping system of HLA loci was developed to genotype alleles of the MHC region. The full depth of allele association was used to target the novel mechanisms of HLAassociated risk alleles in T1D and CD. The research presented in this thesis aimed to use high-resolution genotyping with NGS of HLA loci and study extended associations in patients with T1D and CD as well as in a group of patients affected by both diseases (T1D w/CD). The main findings of importance were: • HLA-DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 affect the risk of islet autoimmunity and progression to the clinical onset of T1D and should be considered when examining the role of HLA-DR genetic risk. • Two distinct CD risk DR3-DQA1*05:01-DQB*02:01 haplotypes distinguished by either HLADRB3*01:01:02 and DRB3*02:02:01 alleles in the DRB3*01:01:02DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01 extended haplotype distinguished the risk of CD, indicating that different DRB1*03:01DQB1*02:01 haplotypes confer different risks for CD among patients of Scandinavian background. • HLA-DRB4*01:03:01, DRB3*01:01:02, and DRB3*02:02:01 are associated with T1D and CD of which DRB4*01:03:01 confers the strongest risk allele for T1D w/CD. • HLA-A*68:01:02 was identified as an additional allele positively associated between T1D w/CD and T1D. In conclusion, by utilizing high-resolution sequencing technologies for extended genotyping of HLA class I and II genetic determinants, the full spectrum of alleles and haplotypes variation associated with T1D and CD were explored. This basic knowledge should prove helpful contribution in building comprehensive inventories of genotype-phenotype relationships and resolving some of the HLA roles in the heritability risk for either T1D or CD, as well as in genetic models for the risk of developing both diseases. Key word: celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, children, genetics, human leukocyte antigen, next generation sequencing Classification system and/or index terms (if any) Supplementary bibliographical information Language:English ISSN and key title: 1652-8220 ISBN: 978-91-7619-963-3 Recipient’s notes Number of pages:92 Price Security classification I, the undersigned, being the copyright owner of the abstract of the above-mentioned dissertation, hereby grant to all reference sources permission to publish and disseminate the abstract of the above-mentioned dissertation. ‘Signature Date 2020-08-25
The Polarity Reversal of Lightning‐Generated Sky Wave

The polarity reversal of the lightning‐generated first sky wave as a function of the observation distance is studied using a novel approach combining the finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) method and the superposition principle of electromagnetic waves. In this method, the sky wave is generated by radiation from the induced current produced by the motion of charged particles driven by the lightning‐radiated electromagnetic waves in the ionosphere. The horizontal and vertical components of the induced current density under the daytime and nighttime ionospheric conditions are evaluated. Their different contributions to the sky wave at different observation distances are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, a physical explanation for the polarity reversal in the time domain is proposed. It is found that, for relatively short observation distances (within ~200 km), the first sky wave is dominated by the component generated by the horizontal equivalent current in the Fresnel zone, while for longer observation distances (larger than ~300 km), the first sky wave is dominated by the component generated by the vertical equivalent current in the Fresnel zone. Since the polarities of the sky wave components generated by the vertical current source and horizontal current source are opposite, the polarity of the sky wave will reverse when increasing the observation distance.
Water use efficiency and nutrient uptake of yellow mustard (Brassica juncea L.) as influenced by different irrigation schedules through non weighing lysimeters associated with varying water table conditions

To analyse the effect of different irrigation schedules on water use efficiency and nutrient uptake of yellow mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cv. Pant Pili Sarson-1, a lysimeter experiment was conducted at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (29 N latitude 79 30 E longitude and at an altitude of 243.8 m above the mean sea level) during rabi season of 2015-16. The experiment was initiated under three irrigation schedules (IW: CPE as 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0) with two irrigation methods (flood and sprinkler) in non weighing lysimeters associated with 30±1.5, 60±1.5 and 90±1.5 cm water table depths under three factorial randomized block design with six irrigation treatments. Water use efficiency (WUE) of crop was maximum (2.92 kg hamm) grown in lysimeters where irrigations were given at IW: CPE 0.75 under deep water table condition (90±1.5 cm) using sprinkler method of irrigation. Maximum uptake of nutrients by crop was observed under IW: CPE 0.75 associated with deep water table condition (90±1.5 cm) using sprinkler method of irrigation. Irrigation scheduling based on IW: CPE ratio of 0.75 using sprinkler method of irrigation in lysimeters associated with shallow water table depth was found to be ideal for contribution of maximum nutrient uptake of yellow mustard cv. Pant Pili Sarson-1.
Evaluation of ecofriendly insecticides for the management of spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Geyer) in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)

Two field experiments were conducted during Kharif, 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of eco-friendly insecticides against spotted podborer, Maruca vitrata (Geyer) in pigeonpea along with the recommended sequential application of chemical insecticides. Among the eco-friendly insecticides tested, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki @ 1 g/ litre was found to be effective in minimizing the webcounts of spotted podborer after three applications during both the seasons tested. This resulted in the lowest mean per cent pod damage (23.33) with 52.6 per cent reduction and the highest grain yield of 910.8 kg per ha with a yield increase of 39.1 per cent over untreated check. However, sequential application of insecticides viz., Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 30 g a.i/ha followed by Flubendiamide 480 SC @ 30 g a.i/ha and Deltamethrin 2.8 EC@ 12.5 g a.i/ha recorded the highest reduction of web-counts which resulted in the lowest mean pod damage per cent with increased grain yield of 1145.7 kg per ha.
The cross-sectional relationship between pain and awareness of age-related changes

Background: Awareness of positive and negative age-related changes (AARC gains and losses) captures the perceived changes that older individuals experience in several domains of their lives including physical, cognitive and social functioning; interpersonal relationships; and lifestyle. Exploring antecedents of AARC is important to identify those individuals that could benefit the most from interventions promoting positive experiences of ageing and/or adaptation to age-related changes. This study investigates the experience of pain as a predictor of lower AARC gains and higher AARC losses. Methods: Analyses are based on cross-sectional data from the PROTECT cohort (2019); 1013 UK residents (mean (SD; range) age: 65.3 (7.1; 51.4–92) years, 84.4% women) completed measures of AARC and pain and provided demographic information. Linear regression models were fitted to examine pain as a predictor of AARC gains and AARC losses. Results: Higher levels of pain predicted more AARC losses both before (regression coefficient, B = 0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29 to 0.42, p-value < 0.001; R2 = 0.11) and after adjusting for demographic covariates (B = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.40; p-value < 0.001; Partial R2 = 0.11). Pain was not significantly associated with AARC gains (unadjusted B = 0.05; 95% CI: −0.03 to 0.12, p-value = 0.21; Partial R2 = 0.01). Conclusion: Individuals experiencing pain may perceive more AARC losses. Interventions aiming to decrease levels of pain could include a component targeting self-perceptions of ageing and/or promoting acceptance of the negative changes that can happen with ageing. Statement of significance: The predictive role of greater levels of pain for more negative perceptions of age-related changes extends the literature on the negative psychological outcomes of pain and on predictors of perceived awareness of age-related changes (AARC). As individuals experiencing pain may be more at risk of perceiving their own ageing in a more negative way, they may benefit from interventions that combine strategies to reduce levels of pain and the interference that pain exerts on their daily activities with an educational component enhancing positive self-perceptions of ageing and promoting acceptance of negative age-related changes.
AUROCHS HUNTERS: THE ANIMAL BONES FROM BLICK MEAD

Citation for published item: Rogers, B. and Gron, K. and Montgomery, J. and Gr ocke, D.R. and Rowley-Conwy, P. (2018) 'Aurochs hunters : the large animal bones from Blick Mead. ', in Blick mead : exploring the ' rst place' in the Stonehenge landscape. Archaeological excavations at Blick Mead, Amesbury, Wiltshire 2005 2016. Oxford: Peter Lang, pp. 127-152. Studies in the British Mesolithic and Neolithic. (1).
Edible coatings on storage behaviour of guava Cv. Lucknow – 49 under cold storage

Psidium guajava L. var. ‘Lucknow-49’ is a perishable fruit with delicate skin which is prone to damage. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of edible coatings made up of putrescine, chitosan, chitosan nano particles, aloe vera, aloe vera nano particles, zinc oxide and wax under cold storage. Coating solution was applied over fruits and coated fruits were stored at 8 ± 1 °C. Changes in physiological and bio chemical content were studied during post-harvest ripening. Among all the treatment T7 (Aloe vera – 10 %) recorded significantly higher firmness (1.91 kg/cm2), TSS (12.67 oB) and titratable acidity (0.30 %) and lower up to 25th day of storage compared to other edible coatings as compared to other treatments. It can be conclude that use of 10 per cent aloe vera gel can improve the shelf life of guava fruits in ambient condition up to 25 day.
Sequencing Cytochrome b Gene of Mitochondrial DNA in Yak and Researching Its Origin and Taxonomic Status

There still exists remarkable difference on yak's taxonomic status in Bovinae.Primers designed according to the Mitochondrial gene sequences of Bos taurus reported was used to amplify and sequence yak's Cytochrome b gene,and the whole sequence of Cytochrome b gene was obtained.Using Ovis aries as outgroup taxa,the Phylogeny about the representative species of Bovinae was analyzed.The results showed that among different species the transition/transversion(Ts/Tv) of Cytochrome b gene was 4.9,suggesting that the mutation was not saturation;the percentage nucleotide sequence divergence between yak and Bovinae was 8.0%~8.6%,which was more than that of yak and Bison bison;Phylogeny analysis found that Poephagus grunniens and Poephagus mutus clustered first of all,then gathered with Bison bison,indicating there was higher genetic comparability than that of Bos,the results sustained the idea Poephagus grunniens and Poephagus mutus owned one ancestor —primitive yak;The approximate divergence time between these two species was 0.55 million years.The data also supports the point that yak is classified as Poephagus of Bovinae,Poephagus including two species: Poephagus grunniens and Poephagus mutus.
The Effect of Strategy Training on Vocabulary Learning of EFL University Students

This study investigated the effect of training in five vocabulary learning strategies (VLS) on the vocabulary learning of EFL university students. The five vocabulary learning strategies were ‘Dictionary Work’, ‘Word Cards’, ‘Semantic Mapping’, ‘Word Parts’, and ‘Guessing from Context’. Forty-eight first-year university students, in both the control group (24 students receiving English language courses) and the experimental group (24 students receiving English language courses besides VLS training) belonging to similar proficiency and vocabulary size levels, participated in the study. Data were collected utilizing two research instruments namely a vocabulary learning strategy questionnaire, pre-and post-tests of vocabulary learning ability. The vocabulary learning strategy questionnaire was used to elicit what types of vocabulary learning strategies the subjects employed while they learned and memorized the vocabulary taught independently outside and inside the class. The pre-test was employed to determine pre-existing knowledge of the participants. The posttest was administered to identify the impact of vocabulary learning strategy instruction on the students’ vocabulary knowledge. Descriptive statistics and t-test showed that after introducing vocabulary learning strategies training (VLST) in class, subjects from the experimental group used more VLS and significantly outperformed subjects of the control group in their ability to learn new words.
Comparative Assessment of Salivary Flow Rate, Buffering Capacity, Resting pH and Dental Caries Status in Children Undergoing Chemotherapy

Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, and resting pH in children undergoing chemotherapy with healthy children and their association with dental caries. Methods: A total of 100 children were included in the study, study group consisted of 50 pre and post-chemotherapy cases reported at Kidwai Institute of oncology Bangalore and control group consisted of 50 healthy children who visited the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive dentistry, V S dental college for a routine dental check-up. Ethical clearance and signed written informed consent were obtained from both the Institutional ethical committee and parents/guardians of the children. Salivary parameters like flow rate, buffering capacity and resting pH was measured using Saliva-check Buffer kit (GC Europe). Clinical assessment was carried out using DMFT and dmft index by WHO criteria 1997. Results: Salivary flow rate, buffering capacity and resting pH was lower in children post-chemotherapy when compared to that of children before chemotherapy and healthy children, the results were statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between salivary parameters and dental caries. Conclusion: In the present study reduced salivary flow rate, low buffering capacity and reduced resting pH has been observed in children undergoing chemotherapy, which could be the causative factors for the increased incidence of dental caries in these children. To cite this article [Babu, V. , Padma, M. Kaur, I. & Gowda, P. M. (2019). Comparative Assessment of Salivary Flow Rate, Buffering Capacity, Resting pH and Dental Caries Status in Children Undergoing Chemotherapy. The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences, 5(3), 10-15]. (P-ISSN 24129763) (e-ISSN 2412-8937). www.jomenas. org. 3
Histology of spinosaurid dinosaur teeth from the Albian-Cenomanian of Morocco: Implications for tooth replacement and ecology

High numbers of spinosaurid teeth found in Morocco suggest that this clade was very abundant during the "Mid-"Cretaceous in northern Africa. Several reasons have been proposed to account for this abundance of spinosaur teeth, from sampling biases to ecology. However, the number of teeth in the fossil record also depends strongly on the tooth replacement rate. So far, little is known about the tooth formation time and replacement rates in spinosaurids. Here, we analysed the histology of several spinosaur teeth to estimate tooth formation time and replacement rates, using the count of lines of von Ebner, the daily formed incremental lines in the dentine of the teeth. Line counts indicated a maximum tooth formation time of 271 days, and replacement rates were predicted to be between 59 and 68 days. These rates are faster than in other large theropods for which data are known, and, together with the rather high number of teeth in a spinosaurid dentition, might thus help to explain the abundance of spinosaur teeth in the "Mid-"Cretaceous of northern Africa. Nicola S. Heckeberg. Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutionsund Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns (SNSB), Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, D-80333 München, Germany; Department für Geound Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, D-80333 München, Germany. nicola.heckeberg@mfn.berlin Oliver W. M. Rauhut. Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns (SNSB), Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, D-80333 München, Germany; Department für Geound Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, D-80333 München, Germany; GeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, D-80333 München, Germany. rauhut@snsb.de
Patients’ Satisfaction regarding Treatment and Perceived Barriers: A Study of Social Health Insurance Scheme in Kaski District

The main objective of this paper is to assess the level of patient satisfaction, to assess barriers faced by users of social health insurance during receiving treatment in the hospital, and to find out the relationship of participants' satisfaction with their selected demographic variables. This paper is a cross-sectional descriptive study and covers 354 samples that were selected by systematic sampling technique. The modified version of Assessment of Patients Satisfaction Scale (SAPS) consisting of seven structured items is used to collect the data through the face to face interview. The results of the study indicated that 158 (44.6%) participants are between the age group of 40-59 years and the majority of them i.e. 232 (65.5%) are females. Out of 354, most of the participants 292 (82.5%) are enrolled in the social health insurance scheme for more than 6 months. The study findings indicated that more than half 186 (52.5%) participants are satisfied, followed by 152 (42.9%) are dissatisfied, and 16(4.5%) of participants are very dissatisfied with the treatment service under the social health insurance respectively. The most common barriers faced by the participants while utilizing the health insurance services are unavailability of necessary drugs, long waiting times, limited opening hours, and complex billing system for insurance patients. Hence, the service availability time should be extended and availability of health personnel, medicines as well as other services should be improved that can increase satisfaction among users of health insurance.
Reply to Referees'comment on the manuscript “Can subduction initiation at a transform fault be spontaneous?” by Arcay et al., submitted to Solid Earth Discussion

In my opinion, the study does not really represent a completely "new" exploration of the spontaneous subduction initiation concept, as there have been quite a few numerical studies looking at subduction initiation at transform fault. What distinguishes this study from other studies is the extent of investigated parameters. We have modified the corresponding sentence at the beginning of the abstract: p. 1, l. 1-2: “We present an extensive parametric exploration of the feasibility of “spontaneous” subduction initiation, i.e, lithospheric gravitational collapse without any external forcing, at a transform fault (TF). ” Introduction: The introduction is well written and concise. It co ntains both information on natural candidates for spontaneous subduction initiation as well as an overview of existing numerical studies. In section 1.2 I am missing references to [McKenzie, 1977; Cloetingh et al., 1989; Mueller and Phillips, 1991]. In particular, [Mueller and Phillips, 1991] should be referenced. These references have been added in the new subsection presenting the subduction force balance 2.4, rather than in the section 1.2 of the introduction that focuses on the modeling of spontaneous subduction because some of the references quoted by the Reviewer dealt with subduction initiation under compression (which we exclude from our study): p. 8, l. 13-15: “Subduction is hampered by (2) plate resistance to deformation and bending; (3) the TF resistance to shearing; and (4) the asthenosphere strength, resisting plate sinking (e.g., McKenzie, 1977; Cloetingh et al., 1989; Mueller and Phillips, 1991; Gurnis et al., 2004). ”
Characterization of Cotesia plutellae polydnavirus and its physiological effects on the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella larvae

The polydnavirus of Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was characterized and its physiological effects on the host larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) were studied in this paper. The results showed that the virion of polydnaviruses (PDVs) in the calyx region of female ovary had a tail and multiple nucleocapsids (up to 16) enveloped; the nucleocapsid measured 40-168? nm in length and 39-40? nm in diameter; PDVs replicated only in calyx cells that underwent lysis after replication completed; the calyx fluid was injected into the host larval haemocoel while female wasps laid eggs; large numbers of PDV virions were observed along the sheaths of the host tissues; it appeared that PDVs emerged from their envelopes first, and then infected the host tissues. When 2nd, 3rd and early 4th instar host larvae were parasitized by female wasps irradiated with Co 60 (resulting in pseudoparasitism), almost all of them were not able to pupate, but the period of the last instar larvae was significantly prolonged and a pair of brown short wing buds appeared on the thorax of host larvae at the end of the last instar; however, when host larvae of the late 4th instar were pseudoparasitized, and even if super pseudoparasitized 9 times, they were still able to normally pupate, but not able to emerge.These results suggest that the PDVs and venom could prolong the developmental period of host larvae under conditions where there were no parasitoid eggs hatching, no teratocytes released and no parasitoid larvae present, but they seemed to have limited effect on the late 4th instar larvae. The numbers and micromorphology pattern of fat bodies of host larvae pseudoparasitized by the irradiated female wasps were distinctly different from those of normally parasitized hosts, suggesting that the teratocytes and parasitoid larvae may have some effects on the fat bodies of host larvae.