Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source Localization of the Chemical Gas Dispersion Using Recursive Tracking With Transformer

A source localization of a chemical gas dispersion is important to understand the situation and facilitate effective responses to incidents. The source point can be simply identified on a map assuming an infinite number of chemical sensors in every region. However, it is limited to manufacture and install a number of sensors due to the several conditions. Consequently, when dispersion begins in a region without sensors, tracking the movement of chemical gas cloud and pinpointing its origin is challenging since obtaining information during the early stages of an incident is difficult. Therefore, this study proposes a recursive tracking model based on a transformer for the source localization of a chemical gas dispersion. This machine learning model recursively tracks the past spatial dispersion distribution using sequential frames from a chemical concentration map. When N sequential image frames $(C_{1}, C_{2}, \ldots, C_{N})$ are input, the model outputs a single image frame $(C_{0})$ , which represents the image frame prior to the input time sequence. Thus, the model predicts the origin by successively predicting past image frames. The gas concentration data for this study were sourced from a gas dispersion model based on Fick’s law. For each scenario, 15000 datasets were generated to train and test the model, each dataset comprising 15 image frames that describe various aspects of gas dispersion. The performance of source localization was assessed based on accuracy. The model was validated using 1500 test data obtained from the model based on Fick’s law and 100 test data obtained from the Nuclear Biological Chemical Reporting and Modeling System (NBC_RAMS).
Mechanistic Drivers of Reemergence of Anthropogenic Carbon in the Equatorial Pacific

Relatively rapid reemergence of anthropogenic carbon (Cant) in the Equatorial Pacific is of potential importance for its impact on the carbonate buffering capacity of surface seawater and thereby impeding the ocean's ability to further absorb Cant from the atmosphere. We explore the mechanisms sustaining Cant reemergence (upwelling) from the thermocline to surface layers by applying water mass transformation diagnostics to a global ocean/sea ice/biogeochemistry model. We find that the upwelling rate of Cant (0.4 PgC yr−1) from the thermocline to the surface layer is almost twice as large as air‐sea Cant fluxes (0.203 PgC yr−1). The upwelling of Cant from the thermocline to the surface layer can be understood as a two‐step process: The first being due to diapycnal diffusive transformation fluxes and the second due to surface buoyancy fluxes. We also find that this reemergence of Cant decreases dramatically during the 1982/1983 and 1997/1998 El Niño events.
Exploring How Workload and Work Environment Propel Education Personnel's Performance through Work Motivation

Education personnel are valuable assets or capital in addition to other capital, in carrying out their duties, of course, education personnel will carry out in accordance with the SOP that has been set. The purpose of this study is to analyze and test the effect of workload and work environment on work motivation that has an impact on the performance of education personnel both partially and simultaneously. The method in this study is with a descriptive and quantitative approach. The sample in this study amounted to 110 respondents and used saturated sampling techniques. The analysis tool uses linear regression analysis. The result of this study is that there is a partial positive and significant influence between workload on work motivation shown by tcalculate > ttable (5.553 > 0.1873), with a significant value (0.000 < 0.0.5). There is a partial positive and significant influence between the work environment on work motivation, which is shown by the tcalculate > table (7.559 > 0.1873) with a significant value (0.000 < 0.05)
DETERMINANTS OF INFLATION: Monetary and Macroeconomic Perspectives

Inflation comes at any time, from anywhere, and cannot be controlled. However, we can make an effort to minimize it, through controlling a number of economic instruments, such as the monetary sector. We need to manage how the financial aspects can be controlled, both money circulating in the community, money in transactions (exports and imports), and money in savings. On this basis, this study is interested in disclosing several monetary factors that affect inflation. The method used in this research is quantitative, with regression analysis. Secondary data is used as a way of analyzing phenomena. The sampling technique uses a purposive type, namely the use of data based on predetermined criteria. The results of the study explain that inflation occurs over a long period of time, slowly. Financial and economic factors become one of the instruments that have an impact on inflation. So do not be surprised, if in every change, both economic and financial aspects, always correlated with inflation.
Radiocarbon Measurements of Small-Size Foraminiferal Samples with the Mini Carbon Dating System (MICADAS) at the University of Bern: Implications for Paleoclimate Reconstructions

ABSTRACT Radiocarbon (14C) measurements of foraminifera often provide the only absolute age constraints in marine sediments. However, they are often challenging as their reliability and accuracy can be compromised by reduced availability of adequate sample material. New analytical advances using the MIni CArbon DAting System (MICADAS) allow 14C dating of very small samples, circumventing size limitations inherent to conventional 14C measurements with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Here we use foraminiferal samples and carbonate standard material to assess the reproducibility and precision of MICADAS 14C analyses, quantify contamination biases, and determine foraminiferal 14C blank levels. The reproducibility of conventional 14C ages for our planktic (benthic) foraminiferal samples from gas measurements is 200 (130) yr, and has good precision as illustrated by the agreement between both standards and their reference values as well as between small gas- and larger graphitized foraminiferal samples (within 100±60 yr). We observe a constant contamination bias and slightly higher 14C blanks for foraminifera than for carbonate reference materials, limiting gas (graphite) 14C age determinations for foraminifera from our study sites to ~38 (~42) kyr. Our findings underline the significance of MICADAS gas analyses for 14C on smaller-than-conventional sized foraminiferal samples for paleoclimate reconstructions and dating.
“You can’t really have a relationship with them because they just ask you questions”: understanding adolescent dropout – an empirical single case study

Introduction High dropout rates are common in youth psychotherapy, including psychoanalytic psychotherapy, yet the reasons behind this trend remain obscure. A critical focus to enhance adolescent engagement could be the therapeutic alliance, particularly in resolving alliance ruptures. This study sought to clarify the complex relationships between the therapeutic alliance, encompassing alliance ruptures and resolutions, and dropout within the context of poor outcome. It investigated a single case of an adolescent with depression who dropped-out of Short-Term Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, without showing clinical improvement. Method Data was garnered from diverse sources, including questionnaires, interviews, and session recordings, and analyzed through a mixed-method longitudinal framework. This encompassed views from the adolescent, therapist, parents, and external evaluators. Results The study identifies several factors impacting the decision to drop out, including initial profound distrust toward the therapist, a complex and difficult therapeutic relationship characterized by unresolved alliance ruptures, and sporadic attendance. External factors including minimal parental engagement with therapy were also seen as detrimental to the adolescent’s involvement and progress. Discussion The research underscores the challenges in engaging adolescents, especially when there may be distrust of professionals, and in the absence of parental involvement with treatment.
Dynamic Topography and Sea Level Anomalies of the Southern Ocean: Variability and Teleconnections

This study combines sea surface height (SSH) estimates of the ice-covered Southern Ocean with conventional open-ocean SSH estimates from CryoSat-2 to produce monthly composites of dynamic ocean topography (DOT) and sea level anomaly (SLA) on a 50 km grid spanning 2011–2016. This data set reveals the full Southern Ocean SSH seasonal cycle for the first time; there is an antiphase relationship between sea level on the Antarctic continental shelf and the deeper basins, with coastal SSH highest in autumn and lowest in spring. As a result of this pattern of seasonal SSH variability, the barotropic component of the Antarctic Slope Current (ASC) has speeds that are regionally up to twice as fast in the autumn. Month-to-month circulation variability of the Ross and Weddell Gyres is strongly influenced by the local wind field, and is correlated with the local wind curl (Ross: 20.58; Weddell: 20.67). SSH variability is linked to both the Southern Oscillation and the Southern Annular Mode, dominant modes of southern hemisphere climate variability. In particular, during the strong 2015–2016 El Ni~ no, a sustained negative coastal SLA of up to 26 cm, implying a weakening of the ASC, was observed in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. The ability to examine sea level variability in the seasonally ice-covered regions of the Southern Ocean—climatically important regions with an acute sparsity of data—makes this new merged sea level record of particular interest to the Southern Ocean oceanography and glaciology communities.
Slab Control on the Northeastern Edge of the Mid‐Pacific LLSVP Near Hawaii

At the core‐mantle boundary, most observed ultralow velocity zones (ULVZs) cluster along the edges of the large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs) and provide key information on the composition, dynamics, and evolution of the lower mantle. However, their detailed structure near slab‐like structures beneath the mid‐Pacific remains particularly challenging because of the lack of station coverage. While most studies of ULVZs concentrate on SKS‐complexity, here we report on the multipathing of ScS, which expands the sampling for ULVZs. We find the strongest multipathing along a ULVZ patch located just south of Hawaii and the far northeastern edge of the LLSVP, in a zone ~200 km in width and extending 600 km southward. The anomalous ScS travel times and distorted Sdiff waveforms further reveal patches interrupted by observed enhanced D″ indicative of slab‐debris influence on the complexity of the northeastern boundary of the mid‐Pacific LLSVP.
The implication of spatiotemporal rainfall distribution on the estimation of areal rainfall characteristics in Upper Erer Sub-basin, Ethiopia

The distribution of rainfall is not uniform in various regions of the world. Rainfall study is used to recognize the characteristics, duration, and variability of temporal and spatial rainfall distributions. In Ethiopia, the annual and seasonal rainfall distributions are variable in space and time. This study is focused on the implication of spatiotemporal rainfall distribution on the areal rainfall characteristics evaluation under the Upper Erer Sub-basin, located in Eastern Ethiopia. In the study area, average annual rainfall amount for Dire Dawa, Harar and Haramaya, Girawa, and Gursum stations are found to be 647, 816, 801, 958, and 840 mm with coefficients of variation of 23, 20, 20, 19, and 31%, respectively. However, the rain gauges here are sparsely distributed. The rainfall occurrence and distribution at various gauging stations have been found to vary significantly both temporally and spatially. This spatiotemporal rainfall distribution was assessed using joint probability of rain days approach for the stations. The result indicated joint probability of rain days estimation approach under monthly time step has better performance than daily, decadal, and seasonal data. The joint probability approach is used along with rainfall amount under monthly rainfall for areal rainfall estimation assessment in rainfall–runoff modeling.
Repurposed Drugs Celecoxib and Fmoc-L-Leucine Alone and in Combination as Temozolomide-Resistant Antiglioma Agents—Comparative Studies on Normal and Immortalized Cell Lines, and on C. elegans

Glioblastoma multiforme therapy remains a significant challenge since there is a lack of effective treatment for this cancer. As most of the examined gliomas express or overexpress cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ), we decided to use these proteins as therapeutic targets. Toxicity, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antimigratory activity of COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib—CXB) and/or PPARγ agonist (Fmoc-L-Leucine—FL) was examined in vitro on temozolomide resistant U-118 MG glioma cell line and comparatively on BJ normal fibroblasts and immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes. The in vivo activity of both agents was studied on C. elegans nematode. Both drugs effectively destroyed U-118 MG glioma cells via antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-migratory effects in a concentration range 50–100 µM. The mechanism of action of CXB and FL against glioma was COX-2 and PPARγ dependent and resulted in up-regulation of these factors. Unlike reports by other authors, we did not observe the expected synergistic or additive effect of both drugs. Comparative studies on normal BJ fibroblast cells and immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes showed that the tested drugs did not have a selective effect on glioma cells and their mechanism of action differs significantly from that observed in the case of glioma. HaCaTs did not react with concomitant changes in the expression of COX-2 and PPARγ and were resistant to FL. Safety tests of repurposing drugs used in cancer therapy tested on C. elegans nematode indicated that CXB, FL, or their mixture at a concentration of up to 100 µM had no significant effect on the entire nematode organism up to 4th day of incubation. After a 7-day treatment, CXB significantly shortened the lifespan of C. elegans at 25–400 µM concentration and body length at 50–400 µM concentration.
Evaluating the Anti-Osteoarthritis Potential of Standardized Boswellia serrata Gum Resin Extract in Alleviating Knee Joint Pathology and Inflammation in Osteoarthritis-Induced Models

Osteoarthritis is a widespread chronic degenerative disease marked by the deterioration of articular cartilage, modifications in subchondral bone, and a spectrum of symptoms, including pain, stiffness, and disability. Ultimately, this condition impairs the patient’s quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of standardized Boswellia serrata gum resin extract (BSRE) in a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis. A total of 60 rats were allocated into six groups: normal control group (NC), osteoarthritis control (injected with MIA, OC), O + B50 (injected with MIA and treated with 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) BSRE), O + B75 (injected with MIA and treated with 75 mg/kg BW BSRE), O + B100 (injected with MIA and treated with 100 mg/kg BW BSRE), and O + M (injected with MIA and treated with 150 mg/kg BW methyl sulfonyl methane). Several parameters, including knee joint swelling, histopathological changes, and the expression of collagen type II alpha 1 (COL2A1) and aggrecan, were comprehensively assessed. Concurrently, the serum levels and mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were analyzed in both the serum and knee joint synovium. The results demonstrated that BSRE significantly mitigated knee joint swelling, cartilage destruction, and tissue deformation. Notably, BSRE administration markedly upregulated the expression of COL2A1 and aggrecan while concurrently reducing levels of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Furthermore, a substantial decrease was observed in the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, 5-lipoxygenase, IL-6, TNF-α and MMP-3 and -13, thereby indicating promising therapeutic implications for osteoarthritis. In conclusion, BSRE exhibited anti-inflammatory properties and inhibited cartilage matrix degradation in a rat model of MIA-induced osteoarthritis, with the O + B100 group showing significant reductions in swelling and notable improvements in joint cartilage damage. These findings illuminate the preventive and therapeutic potential of BSRE for osteoarthritis treatment, emphasizing the criticality of exhaustive evaluation of novel compounds.
"We're all in the same boat": Views and experiences of stress, coping, and help-seeking among New Zealand youth

ii Acknowledgements . iii Chapter One: Introduction . 1 Chapter Two: Literature Review . 6 Understanding Contemporary Youth . 6 Definitions of Youth . 6 The psychological perspective. 7 Sociological perspectives. 8 My approach to youth research. 10 The Social Context of Youth . 11 Individualisation. 14 Belonging. 15 Youth Mental Health and Suicide in New Zealand. 18 Summary of Understanding Contemporary Youth . 20 Youth Coping . 21 Transactional Model of Stress and Coping . 21 Conceptualisations of Coping in Youth . 24 Problem-focused and emotion-focused coping. 24 Approach and avoidance coping. 25 Hierarchical models of child and youth coping. 26 An integrative model of youth coping. 26 Summary of conceptualisations of youth coping. 27 Patterns of Youth Coping . 28 Individual factors. 28 Effectiveness of coping styles for young people. 29 The role of social support. 30 Summary of Youth Coping . 32 Youth Help-Seeking . 32 Models of Help-Seeking . 33 Patterns of Youth Help-Seeking . 37 The service gap. 37 Facilitating and barrier factors. 37 Peer Support in Youth Help-Seeking . 41 Summary of Youth Help-Seeking . 42 The Current Study . 43 Chapter Three: Methodology . 46 YOUTH STRESS, COPING, AND HELP-SEEKING v Theoretical Framework . 46 Current Approach to Youth Research . 46 Researcher Reflexivity . 48 Methods. 50 Recruitment . 50 Participants . 51 Ethical Considerations . 53 Data Gathering . 54 Focus Groups. 54 Individual Interviews. 56 Data Analysis . 58 Quality in Qualitative Research . 60 Summary of Methodology . 62 Chapter Four: Findings . 63 Stress . 64 Pressure to succeed . 64 Pressure to live up to family expectations . 66 Stressful family responsibilities . 69 Dealing with financial problems . 70 Fitting in with a friend group . 72 The burden of sharing stresses. 74 Pressures of relationships and sex . 75 Summary of Stress . 77 Coping . 77 Finding the right amount of distraction . 77 Choosing to see things differently . 79 Letting it out works for us . 81 We find ways of coping that work for us . 83 Negotiating support from friends . 86 Social media can be helpful and harmful . 90 We cope differently to our parents . 92 Summary of Coping . 93 Help-Seeking . 94 We deal with our problems ourselves . 94 We decide whether our friends need help . 96 We want someone we already know and trust . 99 We want someone who listens and unde
Generation of Spatially Heterogeneous Flood Events in an Alpine Region—Adaptation and Application of a Multivariate Modelling Procedure

Flooding often has a negative impact on society. In particular, widespread flood events can cause a lot of damage. These events are often spatially and temporally heterogeneous and should be duly considered for an appropriate analysis of flooding. Therefore, a conditional multivariate approach is adapted and applied in order to (i) contribute to a better understanding of the spatial characteristics of fluvial floods and (ii) to deliver sets of synthetically generated flood events. The present paper focuses on a simulation procedure consisting of careful data preparation and selection and the application of a conditional multivariate approach. The conditional approach is adapted to account for the seasonality of runoff data. Model checks attuned to the model are presented to ensure the consistence of simulated and observed data. The Austrian Province Vorarlberg was chosen as the study area. A thorough data analysis of runoff time series showed that the hydrological behaviour is characterized by a strong seasonality that was considered within the applied modelling procedure. The analysis of the spatial dependence of high river flows identified regions where floods likely occur simultaneously and regions with low spatial dependence. The main result of the modelling procedure, a large set of widespread flood events, was successfully generated.
THE IMPACT OF WORK PRESSURES ON JOB PERFORMANCE WITHIN THE MODIFIED ROLE OF INNOVATIVE E CAPABILITIES: APPLIED STUDY IN IRAQI UNIVERSITIES

Purpose: The current study aimed to measure the impact of work pressure on the level of job performance in Iraqi universities within the framework of the enhancing role of innovative capabilities. Design/Methodology/Approach: Relying on a random sample of (294) respondents from senior, middle and supervisory management employees from four Iraqi universities, 23.9% of the total study population. Findings: The study found a low level of work stress in Iraqi universities & In return there is a high level of innovative capacity of those working in these universities, And a further increase in their level of job performance. In addition to the direct negative impact of work pressure on the level of job performance. This is in return for a direct positive effect of innovative ability on the level of job performance of employees in Iraqi universities. On the other hand, the coefficient of the interactive variable (innovative capacity × work pressure) was not statistically significant. Research, Practical & Social Implications: Simply controlling innovative capabilities has reduced the negative impact of work pressures from large to small. While innovative capabilities will have a significant positive impact on job performance. This means that the mere availability of innovative capabilities among workers will allow them to exploit them to avoid work pressures and reduce their negative impact on them. Originality/Value: This confirms the great practical importance of innovative capabilities in neutralizing the negative effects of work pressures on the job performance of employees in Iraqi universities. This gives a strong support for developing the theory and building policies to control work pressures by working to increase the innovative capabilities of workers.