Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbial toxicity of triclopyr and related herbicides

Microbial toxicity of triclopyr (3,5,6-trichloropyridinyloxyacetic acid, Garlon) was measured with several microorganisms in comparison with the related herbicides 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid). Growth inhibition of three fungi (Trichoderma viride, Mortierella isabellina, and Saprolegnia parasitica) was measured in terms of colony size on agar plates and in terms of cell counts for two algae (Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella pyrenoidosa). Dehydrogenase measurement by a direct 2-(4-lodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride method was used for the bacteria Pseudomonas pictorum and Arthrobacter globiformis. Dose-response curves were determined to obtain EC50 values for triclopyr, 2,4-D, picloram, their commonly used amine salts, and the degradation products, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and decarboxy picloram. Toxicities of triclopyr and 2,4-D were similar in most cases, and both compounds were more toxic than picloram. The three degradation products were substantially more toxic than the respective parent compounds. The algae were most sensitive and gave much lower EC50 values than the fungi and bacteria.
Linking Metacognition and Mindreading: Evidence From Autism and Dual-Task Investigations

Questions of how we know our own and other minds, and whether metacognition and mindreading rely on the same processes, are longstanding in psychology and philosophy. In Experiment 1, children/adolescents with autism (who tend to show attenuated mindreading) showed significantly lower accuracy on an explicit metacognition task than neurotypical children/adolescents, but not on an allegedly metacognitive implicit one. In Experiment 2, neurotypical adults completed these tasks in a single-task condition or a dual-task condition that required concurrent completion of a secondary task that tapped mindreading. Metacognitive accuracy was significantly diminished by the dual-mindreading-task on the explicit task but not the implicit task. In Experiment 3, we included additional dual-tasks to rule out the possibility that any secondary task (regardless of whether it required mindreading) would diminish metacognitive accuracy. Finally, in both Experiments 1 and 2, metacognitive accuracy on the explicit task, but not the implicit task, was associated significantly with performance on a measure of mindreading ability. These results suggest that explicit metacognitive tasks (used frequently to measure metacognition in humans) share metarepresentational processing resources with mindreading, whereas implicit tasks (which are claimed by some comparative psychologists to measure metacognition in nonhuman animals) do not.
Efficacy of School-based SEL Programs: Aligning with Health and Physical Education Standards

The Competencies and sub-competencies of the Collaborative of Academic and Social Emotional Learning (CASEL) are very closely aligned to skills-based health education based on the National Health Education Standards and SHAPE America Grade Level Outcomes but miles apart when it comes to recognizability, perceived need, efficaciousness, and implementation. It is the intent of this article to demonstrate how current research, which indicates the benefits of teaching and learning SEL skills, is related to the skills taught in health and physical education.
The ability of A-level students to name plants

he ability of A level students to recognise and name common wild flowers was shown to be very poor. Traineeteachers performed little better and nearly a third of the practising A-level biology teachers tested were able toname only three or fewer wild flowers. Although opportunities exist at primary level for children to learn about the environment, most enter sec-ondary school with a poor knowledge of the organisms around them, particularly plants. At secondary level thedecrease in the importance of whole organism biology in the curriculum, declining opportunities for fieldworkand the concentration of A-level fieldwork on techniques and course assessment allow little time for training inidentification skills. Many A-level students feel that being able to recognise and name organisms is not important. In teaching students to be responsible citizens and to care about their environment, a knowledge of atleast the common organisms around them is vital.Initiatives are needed to engage the interest of primaryschool children and to provide more opportunities for fieldwork at secondary level, including time to teach students to recognise organisms. Training for teachers would be valuable and the role of organisations outside formal education in educating the wider public is also recognised.
Evaluation of hair cortisol concentration as a biomarker of long‐term stress in free‐ranging polar bears

Long-term physiological stress in individual animals may be an important mechanism linking ecological change with impaired wildlife population health. In the Southern Hudson Bay (SH) subpopulation of polar bears (Ursus maritimus), increasing stress associated with climate warming may be related to declining body condition. Accordingly, the development of tools to assess long-term stress in this species may prove invaluable for conservation efforts in this threatened population. The measurement of hair cortisol concentration (HCC) has shown promise as a potential biomarker of long-term stress in free-ranging bears. However, to serve as a useful management tool, factors influencing HCC in polar bears must be identified and then revealed to establish linkages between environmental conditions and the fitness of individual animals. We determined HCC (median = 0.48 pg/mg [range = 0.16–2.26 pg/mg]) in 185 polar bears captured in southern Hudson Bay from 2007 to 2009. HCC was influenced by sex, family group status, and capture period but not by body region or hair type. Using models developed through a combination of hypothesis testing and information theory, we also determined that HCC was negatively associated with growth indices (length, mass, and body condition index) linked to fitness in polar bears. Additional research will be required across several polar bear populations to establish the utility of HCC as a tool for polar bear conservation. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
A quantitative assessment of the reproductive biology of Cyclonaias tuberculata (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

Two hundred and thirty-three purple wartyback unionids (Cyclonaias tuberculata) were collected approximately monthly over a 31-month period from Kentucky Reservoir (Tennessee river mile 201.3), Tennessee, between August 1988 and February 1991. An equal sex ratio and only one case of hermaphroditism were discovered. Histological examinations showed that spermatogenesis and oogenesis occurred throughout the year except during late summer and early fall. "Typical" spermatogenesis was most evident between May and July. Spawning occurred between early spring (March–April) and late summer (August). Brooding variation among females was shown by the presence of embryos in the suprabranchial chambers and gills between early April and late August. Brooding was short term, as indicated by mature larvae being found in the outer demibranchs between early July and late August. Full demibranchs were never found, possibly indicating that the study took place during years of poor reproductive performance.
h-FIBER: Microfluidic Topographical Hollow Fiber for Studies of Glomerular Filtration Barrier

Kidney-on-a-chip devices may revolutionize the discovery of new therapies. However, fabricating a 3D glomerulus remains a challenge, due to a requirement for a microscale soft material with complex topography to support cell culture in a native configuration. Here, we describe the use of microfluidic spinning to recapitulate complex concave and convex topographies over multiple length scales, required for biofabrication of a biomimetic 3D glomerulus. We produced a microfluidic extruded topographic hollow fiber (h-FIBER), consisting of a vessel-like perfusable tubular channel for endothelial cell cultivation, and a glomerulus-like knot with microconvex topography on its surface for podocyte cultivation. Meter long h-FIBERs were produced in microfluidics within minutes, followed by chemically induced inflation for generation of topographical cues on the 3D scaffold surface. The h-FIBERs were assembled into a hot-embossed plastic 96-well plate. Long-term perfusion, podocyte barrier formation, endothelialization, and permeability tests were easily performed by a standard pipetting technique on the platform. Following long-term culture (1 month), a functional filtration barrier, measured by the transfer of albumin from the blood vessel side to the ultrafiltrate side, suggested the establishment of an engineered glomerulus.
Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer extract protects rat erythrocyte from the oxidative damage induced by the synergistic effects of subchronic treatment with aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin.

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author KGAW carried out the experimental work, managed the literature searches, performed the statistical analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author FAM shared in the experimental work performed the statistical analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author MAAW wrote the protocol, managed the project, managed the analyses of the study and wrote the final draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Aims: The current study aimed to evaluate the protective role of ginseng extract (GE) against the oxidative damage of erythrocytes resulted from the synergistic effects of subchronic (84 days) treatment with aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and fumonisin B (FB) in male and female rats. Study Design: Animals were divided into six groups of ten rats (5 males and 5 females) included: the control group; GE alone-treated group (150 mycotoxin protocol and continued till week 10; the group treated with GE 2 weeks before AFB 1 administration and continued till the end of FB 1 treatment and the group treated with GE for 4 weeks after the toxin protocol stopped. Methodology : Blood samples were collected at the end of treatment for hematological and biochemical determinations. Results: The results showed that the mycotoxins ingestion caused insignificant decrease in total hemoglobin (Hb) content, whereas they caused a significant increase in contents of Met-Hb, Carboxy-Hb and Sulf-Hb fractions accompanied by a significant decrease in Oxy-Hb faction, compared to the control group. Erythrocyte Met-HbR, SOD and GR activities were significantly decreased after mycotoxins treatment. In addition, mycotoxins ingestion induced a significant decrease in serum levels of iron and TIBC but did not significantly affect serum ferritin level. These effects were pronounced in male rats than in females. Treatment with GE ameliorated the erythrocytes damage induced by mycotoxins as indicated by the modulations in most of the investigated markers. Conclusion: Treatment with GE has beneficial effect in counteracting erythrocyte membrane damage and hemoglobin changes induced by aflatoxin B 1 and fumonisin B 1 . This effect may be probably through its potent antioxidative activity.
A brief review of microRNA and its role in PRRSV infection and replication

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a single-stranded RNA virus, mainly infects cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. Recently, host microRNAs were shown to be capable of modulating PRRSV infection and replication by multiple ways such as targeting viral genomic RNA, targeting viral receptor and inducing antiviral response. MicroRNAs are small RNAs and have emerged as important regulators of virus-host cell interactions. In this review, we discuss the identified functions of host microRNAs in relation to PRRSV infection and propose that cellular microRNAs may have a substantial effect on cell or tissue tropism of PRRSV.
Mortality of American Alligators Attributed to Cannibalism

Abstract Mortality of juvenile (<122 cm total length; TL) American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) attributed to cannibalism on Orange Lake, Florida was examined. Alligator web tags used in mark–recapture studies were found in 12% of 267 stomachs sampled from alligators ≥168 cm TL. Captive alligators retained 76% of force-fed tags during a 588-d tag-retention trial. Models relating the probability of tag recovery to the annual probabilities of juvenile survival, cannibalism, tag retention, adult survival, and adult harvest suggested that cannibalism may on average remove 6–7% of the juvenile alligator population annually. Vulnerability continued to 140 cm TL (age 6–8 yr). Cannibalism of juveniles may serve to regulate the alligator population on Orange Lake. Alligator cannibalism may vary widely among populations, depending on demography and environmental conditions. The role and importance of cannibalism in alligator population dynamics should be more fully assessed and environmental and population factors that influence cannibalism identified to better evaluate management programs.
C-bands and NORs on Chromosomes of Bembidion lampros (Herbst) and Bembidion properans (Steph.) (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

The C-banding pattern and Ag-NORs in the karyotpye of Bembidion lampros and Bembidion properans are presented. The results indicate that in chromosomes of the examined species the constitutive heterochromatin is located in the proximity of the centromeres. In B. properans the paracentromeric C-bands are similar in size. In B. lampros a large heterochromatin segment occurs on the 1st pair of autosomes and on the X chromosome whereas the other autosomes have shorter paracentromeric C-positive blocks but all nearly the same size. In mitotic stages, from the prophase to the prometaphase stage one silver dot on the end of two autosomes is visible. In prophase I (to diakinesis) one active NOR is observed.
Going up or getting out? Professional insecurity and austerity in the South African health sector

Abstract As a precondition of belonging, professionalism is often a taken-for-granted feature of being middle-class. Yet ethnographic attention to experiences of work reveals that professional identity can be fragile. Drawing on ethnographic research among nurses in KwaZulu-Natal, this article traces the feelings of precarity about work and the ambivalence that pervades ideas of professionalism. This ambiguity arises partly out of a peculiarly South African story in which histories of professionalism are entwined with the repressive apartheid project of separate development. Many of the professionals working as teachers, nurses, lawyers and administrators today were trained in the former ‘homelands’. Practices of professionalism are entangled with those of clientelism inherited from this earlier period of homeland politics. These local histories combine with wider processes of neoliberalism, as conditions of austerity produce structural shifts towards casualization. The article traces these dynamics in the stories of two nurses and considers what may be at stake politically as middle-class trajectories are threatened. Moving away from a view of the middle classes as either democratic or anti-democratic, feelings of ambivalence about work make questions of political allegiance an ambiguous and fraught matter.
Agroecosystem Performance during Transition to Certified Organic Grain Production

The 2002 U.S. Farm Bill offers incentives to support the transition from conventional to certified organic production. Research-based recommendations must be developed for suitable crop rotations that provide high yields, grain quality, and adequate soil fertility during the transition. We compared replicated conventional and organic systems, using identical crop varieties, during the 3-yr transition period and the fourth year following a full rotation of organic corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ]-oat (Avena saliva L.)-alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) to determine which rotation was associated with the lowest risk during transition. Organic feed corn yields at the Neely-Kinyon long-term agroecological research (LTAR) site in Greenfield, IA, were equivalent to conventional yields in the transition years, and in the fourth year, the organic corn yield of 8.1 Mg ha -1 in the longest rotation was greater than the conventional corn yield of 7.1 Mg ha -1 in the conventional corn-soybean rotation. Organic and conventional soybean yields were similar in the 3 yr of transition. Organic soybean yield of 3.0 Mg ha -1 exceeded the conventional yield of 2.7 Mg ha -1 in the fourth year of organic production. Pre- and postharvest soil fertility values were responsive to manure application, but few differences between systems were observed. Grass and broadleaf weed populations varied between the organic and conventional systems each year, but the impact on yield was considered negligible. Corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and bean leaf beetle (Ceratoma trifurcata) populations were similar between systems, with no effect on yield. We conclude that organic grain crops can be successfully produced in the 3 yr of transition to organic, and additional economic benefits can be derived from expanded crop rotations.
Meso- and macro-zooplankton community structure of the Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica (Summer 2010–2011)

The Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) has, on average, the highest productivity per unit area in Antarctic waters. To investigate community structure and the role that zooplankton may play in utilizing this productivity, animals were collected at six stations inside and outside the ASP using paired “day-night” tows with a 1 m2 MOCNESS. Stations were selected according to productivity based on satellite imagery, distance from the ice edge, and depth of the water column. Depths sampled were stratified from the surface to ∼ 50–100 m above the seafloor. Macrozooplankton were also collected at four stations located in different parts of the ASP using a 2 m2 Metro Net for krill surface trawls (0–120 m). The most abundant groups of zooplankton were copepods, ostracods, and euphausiids. Zooplankton biovolume (0.001 to 1.22 ml m–3) and abundance (0.21 to 97.5 individuals m–3) varied throughout all depth levels, with a midsurface maximum trend at ∼ 60–100 m. A segregation of increasing zooplankton trophic position with depth was observed in the MOCNESS tows. In general, zooplankton abundance was low above the mixed layer depth, a result attributed to a thick layer of the unpalatable colonial haptophyte, Phaeocystis antarctica. Abundances of the ice krill, Euphausia crystallarophias, however, were highest near the edge of the ice sheet within the ASP and larvae:adult ratios correlated with temperature above a depth of 60 m. Total zooplankton abundance correlated positively with chlorophyll a above 150 m, but negative correlations observed for biovolume vs. the proportion of P. antarctica in the phytoplankton estimated from pigment ratios (19’hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin:fucoxanthin) again pointed to avoidance of P. antarctica. Quantifying zooplankton community structure, abundance, and biovolume (biomass) in this highly productive polynya helps shed light on how carbon may be transferred to higher trophic levels and to depth in a region undergoing rapid warming.
Integrated microarray analysis to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in dilated cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a primary cardiomyopathy with high mortality. The aim of the present study was to identify the related genes in DCM. The four expression profiles (GSE17800, GSE21610, GSE42955 and GSE79962) downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed using RankProd and metaMA R packages to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DEGs were uploaded to the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed using the STRING database. In addition, hub genes were identified using the Cytoscape plugin cytoHubba. A mouse DCM model, which established via intraperitoneal injection with doxorubicin (DOX), was used to validate the hub genes. A total of 898 DEGs were identified across the four microarrays. Furthermore, GO analysis demonstrated that these DEGs were mainly enriched in cell adhesion, negative regulation of cell proliferation, negative regulation of apoptotic process and potassium ion transport. In addition, KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in the ECM-receptor interaction, the p53 signaling pathway, cardiac muscle contraction and the hypoxia-inducible factor signaling pathway. Proenkephalin (PENK), chordin like 1 (CHRDL1), calumenin (CALU), apolipoprotein L1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and ceruloplasmin (CP) were identified as hub genes in the PPI network. Furthermore, the expression levels of PENK, CHRDL1, IGFBP3, CP and CALU in hearts with DCM were validated using a mouse model. In conclusion, the present study identified six hub genes related to DCM. Therefore, the present results may provide a potential mechanism for DCM involving these hub genes, which may serve as biomarkers for screening and diagnosis in the clinic.
Video Technology Media based on Heat and Temperature to Improve of Learner Critical Thingking

Science and technology advances provide space for teachers to be able to create a variety of learning media that can be used in the learning process This study is aimes to determined the process of implementation of learning and improvement of students learning critical thingking with video technology media based on heat and temperature at class XI MIPA of MAN Serdang Bedagai. Video technology media based on heat temperature is a form of learning media that can accommodate student learning needs in accordance with the critical thingking of students. The method is quasi experimental type of research while subject of this research are students of class XI MIPA 1 dan XI MIPA 2 academic year 2019 / 2020 which consist of 60 students. Data collection techniques is test with the instrument of written test of essay that consist of 15 questions. The stages in this research are preliminary study, video design, research implementation and conclusions.