Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gestational Weight Gain and Small for Gestational Age in Obese Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the relationship between gestational weight gain and the risk of small for gestational age in obese pregnant women. Methods Studies were identified by searching the Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed databases up to June 30th, 2022. The meta-analysis was carried out to determine the risk of small for gestational age with gestational weight gain (GWG) below the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines compared with within the guidelines in obese women. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodological quality. The chi-squared test, Q test, and I2 test were used to evaluate statistical heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were conducted, and publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and Egger's test. Sensitivity analyses were performed for three groups of obese people (I: BMI 30–34.9 kg/m2, II: BMI 35–39.9 kg/m2, and III: BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) to examine the association of obesity and SGA. Results A total of 788 references were screened, and 29 studies (n = 1242420 obese women) were included in the systematic review. Obese women who gained weight below the IOM guideline had a higher risk of SGA than those who gained weight within the guideline (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.16–1.38, Z = 5.36). Both weight loss (<0 kg) and inadequate weight (0–4.9 kg) during pregnancy in obese women are associated with an increased risk of SGA (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.37–1.64, Z = 8.82) (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.14–1.23, Z = 8.06). The same conclusions were also confirmed for the three obesity classes (I: OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.29–1.47; II: OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.30–1.49; and III: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.16–1.37). Subgroup analysis by country showed that GWG below guidelines in obese women of the USA and Europe was associated with risk for SGA (USA (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.15–1.46), Europe (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.11–1.40)) and not in Asia (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.91–1.50). Conclusion Our findings indicated that obese pregnant women who had weight loss or inadequate weight (0–4.9 kg) according to the IOM guideline had increased risks for SGA. Moreover, we also evaluated that gestational weight loss (<0 kg) in these pregnancies was associated with an increased risk for SGA compared with inadequate weight (0–4.9 kg) in these pregnancies. Therefore, the clinical focus should assist obese women to achieve GWG within the IOM guidelines to decrease the risk for SGA.
Comparison of SWAT and HEC-HMS model performance in simulating catchment runoff

Globally, surface water sources are important sources of drinking water and knowledge on their availability and sustainability is important for their protection. Such studies in data-poor regions are very limited. This paper compares the performance of SWAT and HEC-HMS in the event and continuous modeling of rainfall–runoff in two tropical catchments, a low laying and a mountainous one. Model calibration and validation were done using observed streamflow data at Busiu station for Manafwa and at Sezibwa falls for Sezibwa for the period 2000–2013. The results were compared based on objective functions and also the t-test was used to test the statistical significance of the difference in performance. The results show that HEC-HMS performed better than SWAT in Manafwa catchment (p = .003 and p = .000 during calibration and validation, respectively) while in Sezibwa the difference in model performance was not statistically significant (p = .63) although, during calibration, HEC-HMS performed better (p = .01).
Global very long-baseline interferometry observations of compact radio sources in M82

Observations of the starburst galaxy, M82, have been made with a 20-station global VLBI array at �18cm. Maps are presented of the brightest young supernova remnants (SNR) in M82 and the wide-field mapping techniques used in making images over a field of view of �1 arcminute with 3 milliarcsecond resolution are discussed. A limit has been placed on the power law deceleration of the young SNR, 43.31+592 with an index greater than 0.73 ± 0.11 from observations with the European VLBI Network. Using the global array we have resolved compact knots of radio emission in the source which, with future global observations, will enable better constraints to be placed on the expansion parameters of this SNR. The latest global observations have also provided high resolution images of the most compact radio source in M82, 41.95+575. We determine an upper limit to the radial expansion rate along the major axis of 2000 km s 1 . However, the new images also show structure resembling that of collimated ejection which brings into question the previous explanation of the source as being due to the confinement of a supernova by a high density circumstellar medium. It is apparent that we are now able to image the brightest supernova remnants in M82 with a linear scale which allows direct comparison with galactic SNR such as Cassiopeia A.
The effect of interactive lecture experiments on student academic achievement and attitudes towards physics

This paper examines the effects of computer-based Interactive Lecture Experiments (ILEs) in a large introductory physics course on student academic achievement and attitudes towards physics. ILEs build on interactive lecture demonstrations by requiring students to analyze data during and after lecture demonstrations. Academic achievement was measured using the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) and final examinations' grades; and student attitudes were measured using a Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey (CLASS). FCI results showed a general positive shift (about average for an interactive course) but could not detect improvements in student understanding of specific topics addressed by ILEs. However, open-ended questions on the final exam showed differences between sections on topics that were addressed by ILEs. Attitude survey results showed a negative shift in student attitudes over the semester, which is a typical result for an introductory physics course. This finding suggests that ILE pedago.
Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions in Childbirth and Puerperium: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction (1): The COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in healthcare during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. The objective of this study was to know the impact of visit restrictions, PCR performance and use of masks on delivery and puerperium care. Methods (2): A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. A survey was used to assess the impact of COVID-19-related measures on women who had given birth in hospitals in the Region of Murcia, Spain, between March 2020 and February 2022. Results (3): The final sample size was 434 women. The average scores were 4.27 for dimension 1 (Visit restrictions), 4.15 for dimension 2 (PCR testing) and 3.98 for dimension 3 (Mask use). More specifically, we found that the restriction of visits was considered a positive measure for the establishment of the mother–newborn bond (mean score 4.37) and that the use of masks at the time of delivery should have been made more flexible (mean score 4.7). Conclusions (4): The policy of restricting hospital visits during the pandemic caused by COVID-19 has been considered beneficial by mothers, who expressed that they did not feel lonely during their hospital stay.
Cloud-Environment Interface Instability: Part II: Extension to Three Spatial Dimensions

Abstract Three-dimensional numerical experiments were performed with thermals rising in a stably stratified environment to study the cloud-environment boundary instability. This work extends that reported in Part I. It is shown that the analytical theory developed in Part I, which describes the evolution of the laminar interface between the thermal and its environment, applies to the three-dimensional case with only minor modifications. As in the two-dimensional case, the scale selection and growth rate of the unstable modes appear to depend upon the depth and velocity change across the shear layer near the interface, which is in rough agreement with classical linear theory developed for the case of planar geometry. Analysis is presented that indicates further evolution of the three-dimensional eddies results in a transition to turbulence. A decrease of the Taylor-microscale Reynolds number and leveling off of the average enstrophy and velocity-derivative skewness is observed in the numerical experiments,.
Out of control (outlier) detection in business data using the ARMA (1,1) model

Statistical Process Control (SPC) is an integral component of nearly every industrial process, and proper outlier (out of control point) detection is crucial if processes are to remain in statistical control. Control charting methods are widely used in SPC and outlier detection, especially in manufacturing settings, but can also be useful for non-production business data as well. However, these methods require that the data under study be Independent and Identically Normally Distributed (IIND). Unfortunately, much of the industrial data studied is time-series, not IIND, rendering standard control charting methods inappropriate. This study used an ARMA (1,1) model with the Chen and Liu (1993) JE outlier detection technique, and found it superior to control charting in identifying the position and type of potential outliers (out of control points) in nine sets of non-production business data.
Influence of cholesterol on non-invasive blood glucose sensing studied with NIR spectroscopy

There is a growing body of studies suggesting that NIR spectroscopy is feasible to be used to non-invasive blood glucose sensing. However, previous results reported that blood components are very complicated and in which glucose concentration is relatively low. This feature limited the practical application of NIR spectroscopy to in vivo blood glucose detection. This talk aims to elucidate how the cholesterol influences blood glucose sensing. Spectroscopic measurements show that cholesterol appears the similar absorbance peaks to those of glucose within NIR range. Furthermore, PLS modelling results demonstrate that the measurement concentrations of glucose are on the high side while containing cholesterol. For example, when the cholesterol concentration is 200mg/dl, the measurement result of glucose with near-infrared spectroscopy will increase 7.961882mg/dl comparing to cholesterol-free glucose solution. Therefore, it is necessary to take steps to reduce cholesterol's effects.
Filtration of airborne particles by a trickle granular bed: a modelling approach

ABSTRACT The removal of airborne particles was investigated using a trickle granular bed. This filtration process maintains a constant pressure drop during particles loading, which makes it an interesting alternative for aerosol filtration. In order to establish mathematical models for the design of the process, a modelling approach that takes into account the changes of the bed characteristics due to the liquid hold up is undertaken. This approach allows predicting the pressure drop and the filtration efficiency of the trickle granular bed, based on the assumption that the bed porosity decreases and the collectors diameter increases with increasing the liquid flow rate. The model predictions are in agreement with experimental data. For particles with diameters around 100 nm the collection efficiency presents a minimum. For smaller particles the collection efficiency increases as the dominating collection mechanism is Brownian diffusion. In the micronic range the collection is governed by inertial and interception mechanisms and consequently increases with increasing the particle size. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Rotation of halos in open and closed universes: differentiated merging and natural selection of galaxy types

Computer simulations are used here to study the properties of galactic halos formed from Gaussian initial density perturbations in both open and closed dark matter universes. It is shown that if galaxies form through gravitational collapse from initial, Gaussian density perturbations, then their luminous parts do not have the original values of either specific angular momentum (ellipticals) or spin parameter lambda (spirals). The rotational properties of a halo depend only weakly on either the halo density or the density of its environment. Variations of the large-scale density of the environment have an expected, dramatic effect on the density of individual halos. Dissipationless merging forces the cores of the merging objects into the core of the merger product. In the process, cores become more bound and lose angular momentum. These findings are extrapolated to propose a model for galaxy formation in which both ellipticals and spirals come into being through mergers. 59 references.
The Cepheid distance scale - A new application for infrared photometry

It is shown that near-infrared photometry of Cepheid variables provides a powerful and practical means of calibrating the distance scale to nearby galaxies. Compared with similar work in the blue, random-phase observations in the near-infrared produce a factor of 2.5 decrease in the apparent width of the period-luminosity relation. This we attribute to a substantially decreased effect of differential reddening at long wavelengths, to the low sensitivity of the infrared flux to metallicity variations, and furthermore to the fact that the cyclical luminosity variations are also greatly reduced in the infrared.
Ac-Dc Transfer Measurements with a Precision of < 0.1 ppm

An ac-dc transfer comparator for the precise intercomparison of thermal converters (TCs) is described and its circuit analysed for comparisons between TCs with both equal and unequal heater currents. Details of its use in ac-dc current-transfer measurements and the repeatability achieved for a range of excitation currents are given. For similar TCs, the estimated standard deviation of transfer-difference measurements is typically < 0.1 ppm at rated current. The estimated standard deviation of the mean of repeated sets of 10 measurements at rated current is typically similar 0.02 ppm and for sets of 30 measurements at 20% of rated current is similar 0.2 ppm.
Flood Increase and Drought Mitigation Under a Warming Climate in the Southern Tibetan Plateau

Understanding the runoff response to climate change in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is critical to water resources management since TP is the “Water Tower of Asia” and is sensitive to climate change. However, previous studies have paid more attention to the changes in annual and monthly runoff. Therefore, the changes in the characteristics of floods and droughts are still unknown, particularly in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin (YRB) in the southern TP. Therefore, this study simulates the runoff in four subbasins in the YRB using the GR4J_SNOW model to depict the characteristics (including frequency, severity, peak, and duration) of floods on a daily scale and those of droughts on a monthly scale. It is done in historical (1979–2014) and future (2049–2084) periods under different climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), and then the changes in floods and droughts between the two periods are comprehensively compared. The results indicate that the YRB has experienced marginal streamflow change during the historical period. Under future varying climate change scenarios, however, the YRB might become wetter with increasing frequency, volume, and peak of floods, along with decreasing frequency, severity, and duration of droughts. In the upstream YRB, covered by more snow with a drier climate, the flood and drought characteristics appear to be more sensitive to climate change than in the downstream YRB. This study is helpful for a better understanding of the hydrological process in the TP under climate change and for forming sustainable water resource strategies for the surrounding regions of the TP.
Stabilization of multivariable feedback systems with multiple time delays

In this paper we formulate and solve a class of linear systems with multiple time delays by using the state space model. A new and simple sufficient condition that guarantees the stability of linear multiple non-commensurate time-delay systems is derived by employing the Bellman–Gronwall inequality. Finally, we give an example to illustrate our results.
Band-Pass-Type Tunable Filter Using Surface Acoustic Wave Resonator Composed of Grooved Cu Electrodes on LiNbO3

The authors reported band-pass (BP)-type tunable filters composed of ultrawide band (17%) surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators composed of grooved Cu electrodes on 4°YX-LiNbO3 and interdigital capacitors (IDCs) on the same LiNbO3 substrate. However, the frequency of the tunable filter did not shift continuously because the capacitance of the IDCs was fixed. This time, the tunable filter with the frequency tunable range of 6.1% shifting continuously was obtained for the first time by applying voltage to the variable capacitance diode. The authors discuss the mechanical quality factor (Q) of variable capacitors and characteristics of the tunable filters.
Selective-area and lateral overgrowth of chromium dioxide (CrO2) films by chemical vapor deposition

Selective-area growth has been utilized to deposit chromium dioxide (CrO2) films in specific regions of a prepatterned surface using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition from CrO3 precursor. For films deposited on single crystal TiO2 substrates covered with patterned SiO2 thin film, epitaxial growth occurs selectively in the windows exposed to the substrate with no deposition in the regions masked by SiO2. The substrate provides a crystallographic template for the initial vertical growth of CrO2 in the patterned stripe windows. With increasing film thickness, lateral epitaxial overgrowth of CrO2 takes place over the masked regions, with the growth rate and facet formation behavior dependent on the orientation of the stripe openings. Selective growth of polycrystalline CrO2 has also been achieved on prepatterned titanium films deposited on oxidized silicon wafers. In this case, the titanium film is oxidized prior to deposition, with localized growth of CrO2 occurring only on top of the oxidized t.
A Large-Scale Spectroscopic Survey of Early-Type Stars at High Galactic Latitudes

We present new model atmosphere analyses of optical spectroscopy of a large sample of B-type stellar candidates. Of a total of 298 objects, the largest sample of its kind to date, 205 were drawn from the Palomar Green Survey of high Galactic latitude ultraviolet-excess stellar objects and comprise a complete magnitude-limited sample. Effective temperatures, surface gravities, and helium abundances for the hot subdwarf (high-gravity) component of the sample are derived from a detailed line profile analysis of the hydrogen and helium absorption lines in intermediate-resolution (3-5 Å FWHM) optical spectra. A separate analysis of the lower gravity component is made using a newly calculated grid of synthetic spectra. Additional estimates of the effective temperatures are made from wide- and intermediate-band photometry taken from the literature. We are currently undertaking two follow-up programs. (1) Detailed abundance analyses of high-resolution echelle spectra of the lower gravity component of the survey using modern model atmosphere and synthetic spectrum techniques will differentiate between massive Population I main-sequence B stars and low-mass, lower luminosity Population II blue horizontal branch stars and post-asymptotic giant branch stars. (2) The derived atmospheric parameters for the higher gravity component, the field extended horizontal branch stars, will be combined with radial velocity measurements to determine their spatial and kinematic distributions, which will distinguish between competing evolutionary scenarios for this hot, evolved stellar population.
Wire-Floor Pens as an Alternative to Metallic Cages in Fattening Rabbits: Influence on Some Welfare Traits

The possibility of improving the welfare of fattening rabbits by rearing them in pens instead of cages was investigated. Time budgets, locomotion, ear lesions, breaking strength of the femur and productivity were compared in fattening rabbits kept at the same stocking density (15 rabbits m−2) either in standard cages of 0.4m2 (6 animals) or in pens of 1.6m2 (24 animals). Behavioural observations, performed by video recording at 6 and 9 weeks of age, indicated that the frequency of rabbits walking over one another was higher in cages than in pens at 9 weeks of age. Although the time spent in locomotion did not differ significantly, the number of consecutive hops performed by animals was clearly increased in pens at 6 weeks and tended to be higher at 9 weeks. In pens (without a ceiling), rabbits were observed ‘keeping watch’ with a characteristic fully upright posture; this was not possible for rabbits in cages (with ceilings at 30cm). Ear lesions were more frequent in caged rabbits than in penned; this might be due to the caged rabbits walking on one another, due to the lack of space to perform locomotory behaviour. Weight, diameter and breaking strength of femur tended to increase in rabbits kept in pens. In penned rabbits, body and carcase weight were significantly reduced (by 2.0% and 3.4% respectively) when compared with caged ones. However, overall, the use of wire-floor pens of 1.6m2, housing 24 animals, was considered to be beneficial to fattening rabbits’ welfare when compared to standard-sized cages holding 6 animals.
Damped Lyα systems as probes of chemical evolution over cosmological timescales

Abstract We review the current state of knowledge of damped Lyα systems (DLAs) selected in absorption on quasar sightlines. These objects are extremely useful to study the interstellar medium of high-redshift galaxies and the nucleosynthesis in the early Universe. The characteristics of this galaxy population has been investigated for years and slowly we are getting information on their puzzling nature. Imaging at z <1 shows that DLAs are associated with a mixing bag of galaxies with no especially large contribution from dwarf galaxies. Evidence for a mild evolution of the cosmic mean metallicity with time is observed. The star formation histories of these high-redshift galaxies begin to be accessible and indicate that DLAs tend to be young, gas-dominated galaxies with low star formation rates per unit area. Finally, indirect estimation of the DLA stellar masses from the mass-metallicity relations observed for emission-selected star-forming galaxies at z = 2−3 points to intermediate-mass galaxies with M* < 109M⊙.
Surface and Interface Effects on Torsion of Eccentrically Two-Phase fcc Circular Nanorods: Determination of the Surface/Interface Elastic Properties via an Atomistic Approach

The effect of surface and interface elasticity in the analysis of the Saint–Venant torsion problem of an eccentrically two-phase fcc circular nanorod is considered; description of the behavior of such a small structure via usual classical theories cease to hold. In this work, the problem is formulated in the context of the surface/interface elasticity. For a rigorous solution of the proposed problem, conformal mapping with a Laurent series expansion are employed together. The numerical results well illustrate that the torsional rigidity and stress distribution corresponding to such nanosized structural elements are significantly affected by the size. In order to employ surface and interface elasticity, several key properties such as surface energy, surface stresses, and surface elastic constants of several fcc materials as well as interface properties of the noncoherent fcc bicrystals are derived in terms of Rafii-Tabar and Sutton interatomic potential function. For determination of the surface/interface parameters a molecular dynamics program, which uses the above-mentioned potential function, is developed. The calculated surface and interface properties are in reasonable agreement with the corresponding results in literature. Some applications of the given results can be contemplated in the design of micro-/nano-electromechanical systems.