Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Binary neutron star mergers: Dependence on the nuclear equation of state

We perform a numerical-relativity simulation for the merger of binary neutron stars with 6 nuclear-theory-based equations of states (EOSs) described by piecewise polytropes. Our purpose is to explore the dependence of the dynamical behavior of the binary neutron star merger and resulting gravitational waveforms on the EOS of the supernuclear-density matter. The numerical results show that the merger process and the first outcome are classified into three types: (i) a black hole is promptly formed, (ii) a short-lived hypermassive neutron star (HMNS) is formed, (iii) a long-lived HMNS is formed. The type of the merger depends strongly on the EOS and on the total mass of the binaries. For the EOS with which the maximum mass is larger than $2{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$, the lifetime of the HMNS is longer than 10 ms for a total mass ${m}_{0}=2.7{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$. A recent radio observation suggests that the maximum mass of spherical neutron stars is ${M}_{\mathrm{max}﻿}\ensuremath{\ge}1.97\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ in one $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ level. This fact and our results support the possible existence of a HMNS soon after the onset of the merger for a typical binary neutron star with ${m}_{0}=2.7{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$. We also show that the torus mass surrounding the remnant black hole is correlated with the type of the merger process; the torus mass could be large, $\ensuremath{\ge}0.1{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$, in the case that a long-lived HMNS is formed. We also show that gravitational waves carry information of the merger process, the remnant, and the torus mass surrounding a black hole.
Geodesics in the space of Kähler cone metrics, I

In this paper, we study the Dirichlet problem of the geodesic equation in the space of K\"ahler cone metrics ${\cal H}_{\cal B}$; that is equivalent to a homogeneous complex Monge-Amp\`ere equation whose boundary values consist of K\"ahler metrics with cone singularities. Our approach concerns the generalization of the function space defined by Donaldson to the case of K\"ahler manifolds with boundary; moreover we introduce a subspace ${\cal H}_C$ of ${\cal H}_{\cal B}$ which we define by prescribing appropriate geometric conditions. Our main result is the existence, uniqueness and regularity of $C^{1,1}_{\cal B}$ geodesics whose boundary values lie in ${\cal H}_C$. Moreover, we prove that such geodesic is the limit of a sequence of $C^{2, \alpha}_{\cal B}$ approximate geodesics under the $C^{1,1}_{\cal B}$-norm. As a geometric application, we prove the metric space structure of ${\cal H}_C$.
Einstein Observatory SSS and MPC observations of the complex X-ray spectra of Seyfert galaxies. [Solid State Spectrometer and Monitor Proportional Counter]

The X-ray spectra of 25 Seyfert galaxies measured with the Solid State Spectrometer on the Einstein Observatory have been investigated. This new investigation utilizes simultaneous data from the Monitor Proportional Counter, and automatic correction for systematic effects in the Solid State Spectrometer which were previously handled subjectively. It is found that the best-fit single-power-law indices generally agree with those previously reported, but that soft excesses of some form are inferred for about 48 percent of the sources. One possible explanation of the soft excess emission is a blend of soft X-ray lines, centered around 0.8 keV. The implications of these results for accretion disk models are discussed.
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems in Engineering: Some Approximate Approaches

Introduction. - Perturbation method (Lindstedt-Poincare). - The method of harmonic balance. - The method of Krylov and Bogolyubov. - The method of multiple scales. - The optimal homotopy asymptotic method. - The optimal homotopy perturbation method. - The optimal variational iteration method. - Optimal parametric iteration method.
A Molecular Line Survey toward the Nearby Galaxies NGC 1068, NGC 253, and IC 342 at 3 mm with the Nobeyama 45-m Radio Telescope: Impact of an AGN on 1 kpc Scale Molecular Abundances

It is important to investigate the relationships between the power sources and the chemical compositions of galaxies for understanding the scenario of galaxy evolution. We carried out an unbiased molecular line survey towards AGN host galaxy NGC1068, and prototypical starburst galaxies, NGC 253 and IC 342, with the Nobeyama 45-m telescope in the 3-mm band. The advantage of this line survey is that the obtained spectra have the highest angular resolution ever obtained with single-dish telescopes. In particular, the beam size of this telescope is ~15"--19", which is able to spatially separate the nuclear molecular emission from that of the starburst ring (d~30") in NGC 1068. We successfully detected approximately 23 molecular species in each galaxy, and calculated rotation temperatures and column densities. We estimate the molecular fractional abundances with respect to 13CO and CS molecules and compare them among three galaxies in order to investigate the chemical signatures of an AGN environment. As a result, we found clear trends on the abundances of molecules surrounding the AGN on 1 kpc scale. HCN, H13CN, CN, 13CN, and HC3N are more abundant, and CH3CCH is deficient in NGC 1068 compared with the starburst galaxies. High abundances of HCN, H13CN, and HC3N suggest that the circumnuclear disk in NGC 1068 is in a high-temperature environment. The reason for the non-detection of CH3CCH is likely to be dissociation by high energy radiation or less sublimation of a precursor of CH3CCH from grains.
Mixing: Properties and Examples

Mixing is concerned with the analysis of dependence between sigma-fields defined on the same underlying probability space. It provides an important tool of analysis for random fields, Markov processes and central limit theorems as well as being a topic of current research interest in its own right. The aim of this monograph is to provide a study of applications of dependence in probability and statistics. It is divided into two parts, the first covering the definitions and probabilistic properties of mixing theory, the second describing mixing properties of classical processes and random fields as well as providing a detailed study of linear and Gaussian fields.
The red supergiants and Wolf-Rayet stars of NGC 604

We study the post-main-sequence stars in NGC 604, the most luminous H II region in M33. A number of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars and one red supergiant (RSG) were discovered earlier. Based on the broad-band photometry of the region, we present evidence that is consistent with the presence of this RSG and with three more RSG candidates. Using spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting based on Hubble Space Telescope UVIJHK photometry, we estimate the ages of the WR stars and RSGs and find that the two populations are from distinct formation episodes with ages of 3.2 ± 1.0 and 12.4 ± 2.1 Myr, respectively. The RSGs have greater extinctions towards their line of sight than the WR stars which is consistent with the production of a large amount of dust by the RSGs. Using the WR and RSG populations and similar SED fits to the most massive O stars, we estimate that the total stellar mass is (3.8 ± 0.6) x 10 5 M ⊙ . We find a large discrepancy between the expected Hα flux from such a massive cluster and the one observed. This suggests that 49 +16 -19 per cent of the ionizing photons produced by massive stars in NGC 604 are leaking from this H II region. We also suggest that the implications of an old RSG population mean that if NGC 604 were more distant and only observed in the infrared, it would be difficult to study the youngest burst of star formation due to the contamination of RSGs.
PHIBSS: Unified Scaling Relations of Gas Depletion Time and Molecular Gas Fractions

This paper provides an update of our previous scaling relations between galaxy-integrated molecular gas masses, stellar masses, and star formation rates (SFRs), in the framework of the star formation main sequence (MS), with the main goal of testing for possible systematic effects. For this purpose our new study combines three independent methods of determining molecular gas masses from CO line fluxes, far-infrared dust spectral energy distributions, and ∼1 mm dust photometry, in a large sample of 1444 star-forming galaxies between z = 0 and 4. The sample covers the stellar mass range log(M*/M⊙) = 9.0–11.8, and SFRs relative to that on the MS, δMS = SFR/SFR(MS), from 10−1.3 to 102.2. Our most important finding is that all data sets, despite the different techniques and analysis methods used, follow the same scaling trends, once method-to-method zero-point offsets are minimized and uncertainties are properly taken into account. The molecular gas depletion time tdepl, defined as the ratio of molecular gas mass to SFR, scales as (1 + z)−0.6 × (δMS)−0.44 and is only weakly dependent on stellar mass. The ratio of molecular to stellar mass μgas depends on ( 1 + z ) 2.5 × ( δ MS ) 0.52 × ( M * ) − 0.36 , which tracks the evolution of the specific SFR. The redshift dependence of μgas requires a curvature term, as may the mass dependences of tdepl and μgas. We find no or only weak correlations of tdepl and μgas with optical size R or surface density once one removes the above scalings, but we caution that optical sizes may not be appropriate for the high gas and dust columns at high z.
The Lyα Forest Power Spectrum from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We measure the power spectrum, PF(k, z), of the transmitted flux in the Lyα forest using 3035 high-redshift quasar spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. This sample is almost 2 orders of magnitude larger than any previously available data set, yielding statistical errors of ~0.6% and ~0.005 on, respectively, the overall amplitude and logarithmic slope of PF(k, z). This unprecedented statistical power requires a correspondingly careful analysis of the data and of possible systematic contaminations in it. For this purpose we reanalyze the raw spectra to make use of information not preserved by the standard pipeline. We investigate the details of the noise in the data, resolution of the spectrograph, sky subtraction, quasar continuum, and metal absorption. We find that background sources such as metals contribute significantly to the total power and have to be subtracted properly. We also find clear evidence for Si III correlations with the Lyα forest and suggest a simple model to account for this contribution to the power. Our tests indicate that any residual systematics in the analysis are unlikely to affect the inference of cosmological parameters from PF(k, z). These results should provide an essential ingredient for all future attempts to constrain modeling of structure formation, cosmological parameters, and theories for the origin of primordial fluctuations.
Generalized P‐values and Bayesian evidence in the one‐sided testing problems under exponential distributions

The problem of comparing the frequentist evidence and the Bayesian evidence in the one‐sided testing problems has been widely treated and many researches revealed that these two methods can reach an agreement approximately. However, most of the previous work dealt mainly with situations without nuisance parameters. Since the presence of nuisance parameters is very common in practice, whether these two kinds of evidence still reach an agreement is a problem worthy of study. In this article, we establish in a systematic way under the exponential distributions the agreement of the Bayesian evidence and the generalized frequentist evidence (the generalized P‐value) for a variety of one‐sided testing problems where the nuisance parameters are involved.
Scaling of intrinsic domain wall magnetoresistance with confinement in electromigrated nanocontacts

In this work we study the evolution of intrinsic domain wall magnetoresistance (DWMR) with domain wall confinement. Clean permalloy notched half-ring nanocontacts are fabricated using a special ultra-high vacuum electromigration procedure to tailor the size of the wire in-situ and through the resulting domain wall confinement we tailor the domain wall width from a few tens of nm down to a few nm. Through measurements of the dependence of the resistance with respect to the applied field direction we extract the contribution of a single domain wall to the MR of the device, as a function of the domain wall width in the confining potential at the notch. In this size range, an intrinsic positive MR is found, which dominates over anisotropic MR, as confirmed by comparison to micromagnetic simulations. Moreover, the MR is found to scale monotonically with the size of the domain wall, $\delta_{DW}$, as 1/$\delta_{DW}^b$, with $b=2.31\pm 0.39 $. The experimental result is supported by quantum-mechanical transport simulations based on ab-initio density functional theory calculations.
Low-lying Lambda Baryons with spin 1/2 in Two-flavor Lattice QCD

Low-lying {Lambda} baryons with spin 1/2 are analyzed in full (unquenched) lattice QCD. We construct 2x2 cross correlators from flavor SU(3) octet and singlet baryon operators, and diagonalize them so as to extract information of two low-lying states for each parity. The two-flavor CP-PACS gauge configurations are used, which are generated in the renormalization-group improved gauge action and the O(a)-improved quark action. Three different {beta}'s, {beta}=1.80, 1.95, and 2.10, are employed, whose corresponding lattice spacings are a=0.2150, 0.1555, and 0.1076 fm. For each cutoff, we use four hopping parameters, ({kappa}{sub val},{kappa}{sub sea}), which correspond to the pion masses ranging about from 500 MeV to 1.1 GeV. Results indicate that there are two negative-parity {Lambda} states nearly degenerate at around 1.6 GeV, while no state as low as {Lambda}(1405) is observed. By decomposing the flavor components of each state, we find that the lowest (1st-excited) negative-parity state is dominated by flavor-singlet (flavor-octet) component. We also discuss meson-baryon components of each state, which has drawn considerable attention in the context of multiquark pictures of {Lambda}(1405).
Paying More Attention to Saliency: Image Captioning with Saliency and Context Attention

Image captioning has been recently gaining a lot of attention thanks to the impressive achievements shown by deep captioning architectures, which combine Convolutional Neural Networks to extract image representations, and Recurrent Neural Networks to generate the corresponding captions. At the same time, a significant research effort has been dedicated to the development of saliency prediction models, which can predict human eye fixations. Despite saliency information could be useful to condition an image captioning architecture, by providing an indication of what is salient and what is not, no model has yet succeeded in effectively incorporating these two techniques. In this work, we propose an image captioning approach in which a generative recurrent neural network can focus on different parts of the input image during the generation of the caption, by exploiting the conditioning given by a saliency prediction model on which parts of the image are salient and which are contextual. We demonstrate, through extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments on large scale datasets, that our model achieves superior performances with respect to different image captioning baselines with and without saliency.
Relativistic viscous hydrodynamics order by order

In this paper, we propose a method of solving the viscous hydrodynamics order by order in a derivative expansion. In such a method, the zero-order solution is just one of the ideal hydrodynamics. All the other higher order corrections satisfy the same first-order partial differential equations but with different inhomogeneous terms. We take the Bjorken flow as an example to test the validity of our method and present how to deal with the problems about the initial condition and perturbation evolution in our formalism.
Radio QPO in the γ-ray-loud X-ray binary LS I +61°303

LS I +61 degrees 303 is a gamma-ray emitting X-ray binary with periodic radio outbursts with time-scales of one month. Previous observations have revealed microflares superimposed on these large outbursts with periods ranging from a few minutes to hours. This makes LS I +61 degrees 303, along with Cyg X-1, the only TeV emitting X-ray binary exhibiting radio microflares. To further investigate this microflaring activity in LS I +61 degrees 303 we observed the source with the 100-m Effelsberg radio telescope at 4.85, 8.35 and 10.45 GHz, and performed a timing analysis on the obtained data. Radio oscillations of 15 h time-scales are detected at all three frequencies. We also compare the spectral index evolution of radio data to that of the photon index of GeV data observed by Fermi-Large Area Telescope. We conclude that the observed Quasi Periodic Oscillations could result from multiple shocks in a jet.
Prevention of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Delirium and Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Lobectomy

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive function and delirium in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy. Methods 109 elderly patients (age is more than 65 years) who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy in our hospital from June 2020 to Feb 2022 were randomly divided into the dexmedetomidine (DEX) group (n = 54) and the control group (n = 55). The patients in the experimental group were given dexmedetomidine by intravenous pump, intravenous pump 0.5 μg/kg within 10 minutes, and maintained the speed of 0.5 μg/(kg. h) to 30 min before the operation was ended. The control group was given the same amount of normal saline. Delirium assessment-severity (CAM-S) assessment and Mini-Cog were used to assess the severity levels of POD and POCD 24 h before, 6 hours after, one day after the operation, three days after the operation, and 1 week after the operation. Serum TNF-αα and NSE levels were assessed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NRS pain marks were assessed in the DEX group at postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and 24 postoperation. Surgical pierhysmographic index (SPI) evaluation was performed at five time points. Results The Mini-Cog scores in the DEX group were markedly enhanced compared with those in the saline group 6 and 24 hours after the operation. The SPI values in the DEX group were markedly reduced within 2 min after intubation and at surgical sutures. Moreover, the CAM scores in the DEX group were markedly reduced 24 hours after the operation. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels were significantly decreased in the DEX group at T1∼T3. Conclusion The use of dexmedetomidine in the thoracoscopic lobectomy in elderly patients could reduce the occurrence and severity of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and delirium.
Influence of Ceramic Particles Size and Ratio on Surface—Volume Features of the Naturally Derived HA-Reinforced Filaments for Biomedical Applications

The intersection of the bone tissue reconstruction and additive manufacturing fields promoted the advancement to a prerequisite and new feedstock resource for high-performance bone-like-scaffolds manufacturing. In this paper, the proposed strategy was directed toward the use of bovine-bone-derived hydroxyapatite (HA) for surface properties enhancement and mechanical features reinforcement of the poly(lactic acid) matrix for composite filaments extrusion. The involvement of completely naturally derived materials in the technological process was based on factors such as sustainability, low cost, and a facile and green synthesis route. After the HA isolation and extraction from bovine bones by thermal processing, milling, and sorting, two dependent parameters—the HA particles size (<40 μm, <100 μm, and >125 μm) and ratio (0–50% with increments of 10%)—were simultaneously modulated for the first time during the incorporation into the polymeric matrix. The resulting melt mixtures were divided for cast pellets and extruded filaments development. Based on the obtained samples, the study was further designed to examine several key features by complementary surface–volume characterization techniques. Hence, the scanning electron microscopy and micro-CT results for all specimens revealed a uniform and homogenous dispersion of HA particles and an adequate adhesion at the ceramic/polymer interface, without outline pores, sustained by the shape and surface features of the synthesized ceramic particles. Moreover, an enhanced wettability (contact angle in the ~70−21° range) and gradual mechanical takeover were indicated once the HA ratio increased, independent of the particles size, which confirmed the benefits and feasibility of evenly blending the natural ceramic/polymeric components. The results correlation led to the selection of optimal technological parameters for the synthesis of adequate composite filaments destined for future additive manufacturing and biomedical applications.
Recalibrating vision-for-action requires years after sight restoration from congenital cataracts

Being able to perform adept goal-directed actions requires predictive, feed-forward control, including a mapping between the visually estimated target locations and the motor commands reaching for them. When the mapping is perturbed, e.g., due to muscle fatigue or optical distortions, we are quickly able to recalibrate the sensorimotor system to update this mapping. Here, we investigated whether early visual and visuomotor experience is essential for developing sensorimotor recalibration. To this end, we assessed young individuals deprived of pattern vision due to dense congenital bilateral cataracts who were surgically treated for sight restoration only years after birth. We compared their recalibration performance to such distortion to that of age-matched sighted controls. Their sensorimotor recalibration performance was impaired right after surgery. This finding cannot be explained by their still lower visual acuity alone, since blurring vision in controls to a matching degree did not lead to comparable behavior. Nevertheless, the recalibration ability of cataract-treated participants gradually improved with time after surgery. Thus, the lack of early pattern vision affects visuomotor recalibration. However, this ability is not lost but slowly develops after sight restoration, highlighting the importance of sensorimotor experience gained late in life.
Optimized therapeutic strategy for patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia: long‐term clinical outcomes and health‐related quality of life assessment

Patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have poor survival, necessitating the exploration of optimized therapeutic strategy. Here, we aimed to investigate clinical outcomes and health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) after total therapy, which included allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT), and prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in the early phase after transplantation, followed by multiple measurable residual disease (MRD) and graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD)‐guided DLIs.