Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic differentiation and plasticity interact along temperature and precipitation gradients to determine plant performance under climate change

Understanding species' abilities to cope with changing climate is a key prerequisite for predicting the future fates of species and ecosystems. Despite considerable research on species responses to changing climate, we still lack understanding of the role of specific climatic factors, and their interactions, for species responses. We also lack understanding of the relative importance of plasticity vs. adaptation in determining the observed responses. As a model, we use a dominant clonal grass, Festuca rubra, originating from a natural climatic grid of 12 localities in western Norway that allows factorial combinations of temperature (mean growing season temperatures ranging from 6·5 to 10·5 °C) and precipitation (annual precipitation ranging from 600 to 2700 mm). We grew clones from all populations in four growth chambers representing the four climatic extremes in the climate grid (warm/cold × wet/dry). Genetic differentiation and direction and magnitude of plastic responses vary systematically among populations throughout the climatic grid. Growth‐related plant traits are highly plastic and their degree of plasticity depends on their origin. In contrast, the traits reflecting species' foraging strategy are not plastic but vary with the climate of origin. Levels of plasticity of growth‐related traits and genetically differentiated foraging traits thus might constrain local populations' ability to cope with novel climates. Synthesis. Shifts in temperature and precipitation, at the scale and direction expected for the region in the next century, are likely to dramatically affect plant performance. This study illustrates how the interplay between genetic differentiation and plasticity in response to both temperature and precipitation will affect the specific responses of species to climate change. Such complex responses will affect how climate‐change impacts scale up to the community and ecosystem levels. Future studies thus need to specifically consider regionally relevant climate‐change projections, and also explore the role of genetic differentiation and plasticity and how this varies within local floras. Our study also demonstrates that even widespread species with seemingly broad climatic niches may strongly differ in their population performance and plasticity. Climate‐change studies should therefore not be limited to rare and restricted species.
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of the East Asian Bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) in an Agricultural Area Affected by Chlorpyrifos

1 Research Group on Toxic Substances in Livestock and Aquatic Animals, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 2 Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 3 Thatphanom Crown Prince Hospital, Nakornphanom 48110, Thailand 4 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 5 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 6 Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Nong Khai 43000, Thailand
Analysis of strategies zakat, infaq, and alms collection at BAZNAS Semarang Regency

Inhibitors of the Zakat collection in the BAZNAS Semarang Regency. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The results showed that the strategy used to increase the collection of zakat, infaq, and sadaqah funds was through socialization, both directly and indirectly, and through pick-up service. The results of the SWOT analysis show that the Semarang Regency BAZNAS in carrying out the collection of zakat experiences several obstacles, but these obstacles can be overcome by the strength of the Semarang Regency BAZNAS. From several aspects caused by weakness, BAZNAS of Semarang Regency is still categorized as a stable position, considering that BAZNAS Semarang Regency is still able to implement programs and has tried to innovate to increase the collection of zakat, infaqs, and sadaqah in the future. The author recommends that the Semarang Regency BAZNAS pay more attention to intensive and continuous work program socialization, as well as enlightenment to the public about the primacy of ZIS payments through the BAZNAS that does not reduce virtue and reward, compared to being channeled directly to mustahik.
Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products and subacute ruminal acidosis on feed intake, fermentation, and nutrient digestibilities in lactating dairy cows

Abstract: Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) and subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on rumen and hindgut fermentation, feed intake, and total tract nutrient digestibilities were determined in 32 lactating Holstein cows between weeks 4 and 9 of lactation. Treatments included control, 14 g·d−1 Diamond V Original XPC™ (SCFPa; Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA), 19 g·d−1 NutriTek® (SCFPb-1X; Diamond V), and 38 g·d−1 NutriTek® (SCFPb-2X; Diamond V). During weeks 5 and 8, SARA challenges were conducted by switching from a 18.6% to a 27.9% dry matter (DM) starch diet. This reduced the rumen and feces pH. The durations of the rumen pH below 5.6 during these challenges averaged 175.0, 233.8, 246.9, and 79.3 min·d−1 for the control, SCFPa, SCFPb-1X, and SCFPb-2X treatments, respectively. Hence, SARA was not induced under the SCFPb-2X treatment. The feces pH during the SARA challenges was lowest during SCFPb-2X, suggesting this treatment shifted fermentation from the rumen to the hindgut. The SARA challenges reduced the total tract digestibility of DM, neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFd), and phosphorus, but tended to increase that of starch. The SCFPb-2X treatment increased the NDFd from 52.7% to 61.8% (P < 0.05). The SCFPb-2X treatment attenuated impacts of SARA.
Influential Factors of Social Entrepreneurial Intention in Bangladesh

The concept of social entrepreneurship (SE) is gaining attention in developing economies for the purpose of greater societal welfare maximization. Still, findings in the field of SE studies have been riddled with conflicting results and counterstatement. Also, the determinants of developing SE are not robustly investigated in developing economies like Bangladesh. This context has mobilized the authors of this current study to focus on determining student’s intention to pursue SE as their career choice. Hence, the study aims to examine the predictive determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions (SEI) among Bangladeshi students. The study has investigated the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, social support, prior experience, and educational support on SEI. The survey was conducted from a public university of Bangladesh, and 231 students participated in the study. Questionnaire items under each construct variable have been adopted from pre-tested research studies. Five-point Likert scale questionnaire was applied to measure the variables. SPSS version 23.0 has been used for statistical analysis through which correlation and multiple regression analysis were conducted to measure the impact of the independent variables on SEI. Results exhibited that self-efficacy, social support, and educational support positively and significantly predicted SEI, while prior experience does not influence SEI.
The potential benefits of nonspecific goals in physical activity promotion: Comparing open, do-your-best, and as-well-as-possible goals in a walking task

Abstract Recent evidence suggests nonspecific goals may be beneficial for physical activity adoption, however, it is currently unclear which variation of nonspecific goal is most beneficial. Therefore, this study compared open, do-your-best, as-well-as-possible, SMART goals and no instruction (control) on distance walked during a series of six-minute walk tests, as well as ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), mental effort, autonomy, and interest in further exercise. In total, 82 healthy adults ranging from high to low levels of physical activity (59 women; 23 men; M age = 48.10) took part. Participants were randomly assigned to either: open goals; do-your-best goals; as-well-as-possible goals; SMART goals; or control. Participants in the goal groups completed a baseline and then two manipulated attempts of the six-minute walk test, while the control group followed the baseline instructions for all three attempts. There was no significant difference in the distance walked by participants pursuing open, do-your-best, as-well-as-possible and SMART goals; all of whom walked significantly further than participants in the control. Open, do-your-best and SMART goals resulted in significantly higher RPE than control. Do-your-best goals resulted in significantly greater mental effort compared to control. Open goals resulted in significantly higher interest in repeating the session, and significantly higher interest in pursuing a program, compared to control. This study provides further evidence of the potential benefits of nonspecific goals for physical activity. Findings suggest each version of nonspecific goals leads to different psychological outcomes, and that open goals may be the most beneficial form of nonspecific goals for physical activity. Lay summary: This study compared three forms of nonspecific goals (open, do-your-best, and as-well-as-possible) against SMART goals and a control in a series of six-minute walk tests. The findings illustrate the potential benefits of non-specific goals for physical activity, of which open goals appeared to be the most beneficial.
Antecedents of trust in retail banking: evidence from South Africa

In a challenging economic and financial environment, it is essential that retail banks uphold robust and mutually beneficial relationships with their customers. The youth of today, labelled Generation Y, in particular, is a demanding and lucrative current and future segment for retail banks. For this reason, it is important that retail banks meet the demands of this segment to help bolster trust and confidence in the bank. Understanding the factors that positively influence the Generation Y market segment’s trust in retail banks will assist banks in gaining valuable insights into enhancing trust among this customer base. As such, this study attempts to evaluate the factors that influence trust in retail banking among Generation Y consumers in the South African context. The study employed a descriptive research design, and a quantitative research method. A self-administered questionnaire was used to survey a convenience sample of 271 Generation Y banking consumers registered at the campuses of two public universities in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. Descriptive, reliability, correlations and multivariate regression analysis were performed to address the research problem. The results of the study suggest that Generation Y consumers’ perceived value and image of their retail bank as well as their commitment to and satisfaction with their retail bank have a statistically significant positive influence on their trust in the retail bank.
Association of Body Mass Index and Other Metabolic Risk Factors with Pneumonia Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease-19: An International Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study

Previous studies unveiled a relation between COVID-19 severity and obesity. The aims of this multicenter retrospective cohort study were to disentangle the association of body mass index (BMI) and associated metabolic risk factors, with pneumonia outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID-19, and explore the impact of age and sex on this relationship. Participants were COVID-19 patients admitted in intensive care in 21 centers in Europe, Israel, and USA, between 02/19/2020 and 05/19/2020. The exposure of interest was BMI. The primary and secondary outcomes were the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and 28-day mortality. The covariates were age, sex, and diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and current smoking. We enrolled 1,461 patients (median age 64 years (Interquartile range (IQR), 40.9-72.0); 73.2% males; median BMI 28.1 kg/m2 (IQR, 25.4-32.3); 1,080 patients (73.9%) required IMV and the 28-day mortality rate was 36.1% (95% confidence intervals (CI), 33.0-39.5). Adjusted mixed logistic regression model showed a significant relation between BMI and IMV: odds ratio 1.27 (95% CI, 1.12-1.45) per 5 kg/m2 in the whole cohort, and 1.65 (95% CI, 0.97-2.79) per 5 kg/m2 in females under 50 years. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model showed a significant association between BMI and mortality, which was only increased in obesity class III (≥40 kg/m2) (Hazard Ratio 1.68 (95% CI 1.06-2.64). In conclusion, we observed in critically ill COVID-19 patients, a linear association between BMI and the need for IMV, independent of other metabolic risk factors, and more pronounced in younger females, and a non-linear association between BMI and mortality risk. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04391738 Funding Statement: No specific funding. Declaration of Interests:The authors declared no conflict of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: The study complied with standard operating procedures in place, in accordance with the European Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC) and, upon its entry into force, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (also referred to as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)), and French CNIL frameworks n° MR004 regarding the processing of personal data in clinical studies. The institutional review board from other centers in USA and Israel approved the retrospective case series as minimal-risk research using data collected for routine clinical practice and waived the requirement for informed consent.
Choice of performance measures for bonus plan: implications for firm performance and promotions

ABSTRACT In this study, we examine the impact of a change in the bonus-based incentives on firm performance and promotions. We use both a proprietary dataset and a field-based survey of a leading bakery chain in Japan that changed its bonus determination from focusing on nonfinancial measures to financial measures. We find that firm performance declines under the new bonus plan due to a misalignment between the choice of performance measures and the bakery’s customer-focused strategy. Moreover, supervisors consider performance measures other than what is intended by the firm for promotions i.e., financial measures) when they perceive these measures to be underweighted from the perspective of temporal alignment of the incentive system. This study contributes to prior literature by documenting the impact of a change in bonus plan on firm performance and promotions decisions, where empirical evidence is limited.
Prescribing pattern of medications prescribed to outpatients based on WHO prescribing indicators in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Poor prescribing pattern is observed and become a serious problem in the world including developing countries. In Ethiopia, several studies showed that health care institutions did not meet WHO prescribing indicators and the prescribing pattern is not satisfactory in the health care institutions. This study aimsto review the prescribing pattern of medications prescribed to outpatients based on WHO prescribing indicators in Ethiopia. Literature search was performed through PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Research Gate from July 5-30, 2019. A standard data extraction format was used to collect important data from the included studies. Open meta analyst advanced software was used for analyses of the pooled estimate of outcome measures and subgroup analysis. Der Simonian and Laird’s random-effect models were applied for the analyses at 95% confidence level. I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity of studies. The presence of publication bias was assessed with comprehensive meta-analysis version 3 software and presented with a funnel plot. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The results revealed that a total of 13 studies with 33,567 drugs from 15,305 prescriptions were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of prescribing indicators were 1.96, 93.0, 36.2, 18.3 and 94.8% for average number of drugs per prescription, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name, percentage of drugs encounter with antibiotics, percentage of drugs encounter with injection and for the percentage of medicines prescribed from essential drug list respectively. Therefore, the prescribing pattern of Ethiopia is below WHO standard level. Key words: Prescribing pattern, prescribing indicators, Ethiopia.
Factors Influencing Project Success: A Qualitative Research

This paper defines project success factors and aspects that are significant for successful project performance and outcomes, in the context of Information Technology (IT) projects. The list of total 38 factors is obtained through the qualitative content analysis of data collected via survey of 108 IT professionals, through one open-ended question. Detected factors are grouped into five categories: project team, project customer, project planning, project execution and project control. The results extend and support findings of the former quantitative study and the resulting project success model. They emphasize the significance of project team and project control activities for successful project outcomes.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA BERBASIS ADOBE FLASH MATERI PECAHAN MATEMATIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media berupa video animasi untuk pembelajaran matematika materi pecahan kelas IV SD. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian pengembangan atau R&D (research and development). Subjek penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar, namun penelitian hanya berhenti sampai uji pakar dan tidak melakukan praktek penggunakan media di lapangan. Instrumen penelitian ini berupa lembar validasi untuk ahli materi dan ahli media. Setelah dilakukan uji pakar oleh tiga ahli materi, diperoleh rata-rata presentase sebesar 65,13% sehingga termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Sedangkan uji pakar oleh dua ahli media diperoleh rata-rata presentase sebesar 65,29% sehingga termasuk dalam kategori “tinggi” yang berarti media layak untuk digunakan.
Interaction of adolescent aspirations and self-control on wellbeing in old age: Evidence from a six-decade longitudinal UK birth cohort

ABSTRACT Adolescent self-control is important for the pursuit of long-term goals and predicts later outcomes, but motivating self-control is essential for subjective wellbeing throughout life. We investigated long-term implications of the interaction between adolescent aspirations and self-control on subjective wellbeing in early old age. We analysed longitudinal population-based birth cohort data spanning 60 years. Data from 1,727 participants, which were drawn from the 1946 British birth cohort, were analysed. Teachers assessed self-control and mental health in participants aged 13–15, and participants prioritised their intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations at 16. At age 60–64 years, subjective wellbeing was self-reported using the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results revealed a significant interaction between adolescent aspirations and self-control on life satisfaction in early old age. Among adolescents with self-control problems, higher intrinsic aspirations predicted better life satisfaction. Thus, for adolescents with self-control problems, intrinsic aspirations-oriented educational and psychological approaches may improve later life satisfaction.
Iron-Loaded Catalytic Silicate Adsorbents: Synthesis, Characterization, Electroregeneration and Application for Continuous Removal of 1-Butylpyridinium Chloride

This research proposes the application of iron-loaded sepiolite (S-Fe) as a catalytic adsorbent for the unreported 1-butylpyridinium chloride ([bpy] Cl) treatment in an aqueous medium. Initially, sepiolite was selected as an inexpensive and efficacious adsorbent for [bpy] Cl elimination. After that, sepiolite was loaded with iron for the subsequent electro-Fenton (EF) regeneration treatment. Once kinetic and isotherm studies were performed, providing respectively almost instantaneous adsorption (20 min) and an uptake of 22.85 mg/g, [bpy] Cl adsorption onto S-Fe was studied in continuous mode. The obtained breakthrough curve was analyzed using three standard breakthrough models, being Yoon–Nelson and Thomas the most suitable adjustments. Afterwards, S-Fe regeneration by the EF process was conducted using this iron-loaded silicate material as a heterogeneous catalyst. Under optimized operational conditions (current intensity 300 mA and Na2SO4 0.3 M), complete adsorbent regeneration was achieved in 10 h. The total mineralization of [bpy] Cl was reached within 24 h and among seven carboxylic acids detected, oxalic and acetic acids seem to be the primary carboxylic acids produced by [bpy] Cl degradation. Finally, S-Fe was efficiently used in four consecutive adsorption–regeneration cycles without a noticeable reduction in its adsorption capacity, opening a path for future uses.
A new flesh fly species of Oxysarcodexia Townsend from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and redescription of Oxysarcodexia xon (Dodge, 1968)

A new Neotropical species of Oxysarcodexia Townsend (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) from Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil, Oxysarcodexia digitata sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on male and female specimens. This new species resembles O. fraterna Lopes, O. nitida Soares & Mello-Patiu, O. notata Soares & Mello-Patiu, O. vittata (Walker), and O. xon (Dodge), but can be distinguished based on differences in phallic elements. Additionally, the male of Oxysarcodexia xon (Dodge, 1968) is redescribed and illustrated, its female is described for the first time, and new records is presented.
Physical Activity and Its Relationship with Life Satisfaction among Middle School Students: A Cross-Culture Study

This study examined the association between physical activity (PA) levels and life satisfaction for middle school students from Macau, Taipei, and Qianjiang. A total of 1002 middle school students (grades 7 to 9) were recruited in 2015 from three cities (Macau, N = 322; Taipei, N = 325; and Qianjiang, N = 355). Physical Activity Rank Scale-3 was used to evaluate the frequency, intensity, and duration of the PA. Further, students’ PA behaviors and life satisfaction were assessed using the Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS) devised by Zhang. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, t-test, and one-way ANOVA were conducted to process the data. In both Macau and Taipei, the life satisfaction of adolescents was significantly associated with adolescents’ amount of PA (p < 0.05). A significant relationship was observed between self-satisfaction and PA in students from both Macau and Taipei (p < 0.05). The study results indicate the importance of life experience in PA. The more PA that a student engaged in, the higher the level of life satisfaction they obtained. There was a significant difference in the overall life satisfaction among adolescents in Macau, Taipei, and Qianjiang.
Analysis of Municipal Waste Separation in Slovakia and Possible Alternatives

Environmental problems affecting the global community and its climate and thus endangering the natural functioning of the ecosystem are attracting worldwide attention. Waste management is one of the most urgent problems of human existence, as the population is increasingly centralised in cities and produces increasingly more waste that negatively affects the environment and degrades people's quality of life. The aim of the article is to illustrate the state of separation of municipal waste in the Slovak Republic, the importance of separation and the possibility of increasing it through the emphasis on community, the establishment of social enterprises in social entrepreneurship and incorporation of disadvantaged populations in the labour market to solve this problem.