Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity of Roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) from Sweden, Greenland and Faroe Islands

Roseroot (R. rosea L.) has gained more attention the last years, mainly because of its phy-topharmacologic properties. Even though many reports in roseroot have been published, only a few articles are dealt with the genetic diversity. The Nordic Genetic Resource Center has collected Roseroot material from Sweden, Greenland and Faroe Islands under different expeditions. The samples were analysed to study the genetic diversity study. Such studies would facilitate The Nordic Genetic Re-source Center (NordGen) in conservation of roseroot in its gene bank. In this study, the roseroot materials collected in the NGB were analysed using two dif-ferent DNA marker methods, microsatellites (SSR) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) for evaluating the genetic diversity. PCR products were separated on polyacryla-mide gels and developed with fast and sensitive silver staining. Gels were read manually with replications. Co-dominant and dominant marker data were analysed separately using POPGENE 1.32; and NTSYSpc 2.11. Four ISSR primers and four SSR primers were studied and resulted in 37 and 12 poly-morphic bands, respectively. Percentages of polymorphic bands for ISSR markers were for Sweden 83.78%, Greenland 94.59% and Faroe Islands 48.65%. Only two samples appear to be clonal material, the rest 89 samples are unique. No gender-specific or population-specific primers were found.
Investigação da toxicidade reprodutiva do fungicida Procloraz, com ênfase sobre aspectos morfofuncionais do epidídimo de ratos adultos

Prochloraz (PCZ) is a fungicide and androgen-receptor antagonist that is used worldwide in horticulture and agriculture. Preand perinatal exposure to this pesticide during sexual differentiation is deleterious for the male offspring, resulting in genital organ malformation, reduced reproductive organ weights and increased nipple retention in adults. Given that the literature on the effects of PCZ on the epididymis is scarce and that sperm maturation takes place in this organ, the present investigation aimed to determine whether low PCZ doses, administered during the sperm transit through the epididymis, can alter the morphophysiology of this organ and sperm quality in rats. For this, adult male Wistar rats, 90 days old, were assigned into four different groups (10 rats each): 0 (vehicle), 10, 15 and 30mg/Kg/day of PCZ diluted in corn oil (1mL/Kg) administered orally for four days. Morphofunctional parameters of the male reproductive tract, hormonal levels, sperm evaluations, and histopathologic analysis of testis and epididymis were assessed. There were no statistically significant differences between the treated and control groups in relation to the evaluated parameters. The results reported herein show that PCZ exposure, in these experimental conditions, does not compromise epididymal morphophysiology or sperm quality in the adult rat.
Differentiating tuberculous pleuritis from other exudative lymphocytic pleural effusions

Tuberculous pleuritis (TBP) is the second common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis as well as the main cause of pleural effusion in many countries (1). The diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis or malignant pleural effusion should be considered in any patient with exudative lymphocytic pleural effusion and need further investigation, such as acid-fast bacilli staining in pleural fluid and sputum, pleural fluid culture and cytology, pleural biopsy culture and histology (2). Some investigations have a limitation, acid-fast bacilli staining and cultures of pleural fluid Original Article
Survival outcomes of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in women with stage I serous papillary and clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium: a Korean multicenter study

Objective To compare the survival outcomes of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in women with uterine-confined endometrial cancer with uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) or clear cell carcinoma (CCC). Methods Medical records of 80 women who underwent surgical staging for endometrial cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Stage I UPSC and CCC were pathologically confirmed after surgery. Survival outcomes were compared between the adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy groups. Results Fifty-four (67.5%) and 26 (32.5%) women had UPSC and CCC, respectively. Adjuvant therapy was administered to 59/80 (73.8%) women (25 radiotherapy and 34 chemotherapy). High preoperative serum cancer antigen-125 level (25.1±20.2 vs. 11.5±6.5 IU/mL, p<0.001), open surgery (71.2% vs. 28.6%, p=0.001), myometrial invasion (MI) ≥1/2 (33.9% vs. 0, p=0.002), and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI; 28.8% vs. 4.8%, p=0.023) were frequent in women who received adjuvant therapy compared to those who did not. However, the histologic type, MI ≥1/2, and LVSI did not differ between women who received adjuvant radiotherapy and those who received chemotherapy. The 5-year progression-free survival (78.9% vs. 80.1%, p>0.999) and overall survival (77.5% vs. 87.8%, p=0.373) rates were similar between the groups. Neither radiotherapy (hazard ratio [HR]=1.810; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.297–11.027; p=0.520) nor chemotherapy (HR=1.638; 95% CI=0.288–9.321; p=0.578) after surgery was independently associated with disease recurrence. Conclusion Our findings showed similar survival outcomes for adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in stage I UPSC and CCC of the endometrium. Further large study with analysis stratified by MI or LVSI is required.
Farmers’ opinion to reduce the constraints in scientific dairy farming practices—a case study

The study was conducted in operational area of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Banka of Bihar. In this study, farmers’ opinions were assessed for alternative solutions to the constraints perceived by them in adoption of scientific dairy farming practices. From the study, it was observed that non- functional AI centre, timely availability and non-availability of vaccine and veterinary medicine in government hospitals, repeat breeding, preferences to cash or food crops rather than fodder crop, unawareness about recommended feeding practices, non-availability of HYV of fodder seeds, poor availability and high cost of compound feed, mineral mixture, lack of veterinary doctors and lack of knowledge about scientific management and health care of dairy animals practices were perceived as the important constraints in adopting improved dairy farming practices by majority of respondent. Other constraints were—none of the villages were attached to dairy cooperative societies either private or government. Considering these constraints it was suggested that appropriate strategy should be formulated by authority of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Banka with the help of district/ block veterinary department, District development department of state governments or with other agencies engaged in dairy development in the area for transfer of technology relevant to scientific dairy farming practices, in the area. It was observed that long experiences of farmer’s in dairy farming contribute valuable suggestions which may remove bottleneck constraints in improved dairy farming practices in the study area. Therefore, government or other dairy developmental agencies should take initiative for ensuring participation of farmer’s at various levels before launching any dairy development programmers to sort out the problems effectively in dairy development in an area.
Ranibizumab in Diabetic Macular Edema; Level 1 and Level 2 Studies Findings

INTRODUCTION. Ranibizumab is an anti-VEGF antibody widely used in DME treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We conducted a literature search using the keywords “diabetes”, “diabetic retinopathy”, “diabetic macular edema”, “pathophysiology”, “VEGF”, “treatment”, “anti-VEGF”, “ranibizumab”, “lucentis” with limitation of English language. The articles published between 2006–2016 years and we reviewed level I and level II studies. RESULTS. Review from several level I and level II intravitreal ranibizumab injection studies suggests that ranibizumab is an anti-VEGF that effectively used in DME treatment. Comparison with other anti-VEGF also suggest that ranibizumab is effective for DME patients for over 2 years treatment. CONCLUSIONS. Ranibizumab monotherapy and/or combination with laser is safe and effective for DME patients for over 2 years treatment.
Método molecular simplificado para o diagnÓstico da meleira do mamoeiro em látex e tecidos de plantas infectadas

The papaya sticky disease is caused by the Papaya meleira virus (PMeV), which has a double stranded RNA (dsRNA) as genome. Affected fruits show spontaneous exudation of fluid latex, which darkens when oxidized. Also, spots on the rind and in the pulp are observed, turning the fruits improper to commerce. Nowadays, the management of the disease comprises the diagnosis after appearance of the symptoms followed by roguing. This work aimed to recommend simplified methodologies for early diagnosis of the disease in infected latex and tissues. The viral dsRNA was detected in flowers, leaves, fruits and stems from diseased samples. Latex collected in the same organs and in roots showed a single band in the electrophoretic gel corresponding to the viral genome, fifteen days after inoculation. The methods proposed in this work and the information presented might provide valuable information for future disease management strategies.
Timing and mode of intervention for patients with left sided valvular heart disease: an individualized approach

Abstract Left sided valvular heart disease poses major impact on life and lifestyle. Medical therapy merely palliates chronic severe valve disease and once symptoms or haemodynamic sequelae appear, life expectancy is markedly truncated. In this article, we review the mechanisms of valve pathology, latest evidence in the quest for pharmacological options, means by which to predict deterioration, and standard and novel treatment options.
The Signature of a Blacksmith on a Dromedary Bone from Islamic Seville (Spain)

A review of the archaeological and ethnographical literature has shown that bone anvils were not only manufactured in different geographical regions, extending from Ukraine to the Iberian Peninsula and northern Africa but also that they have been in use from the Hellenistic period until today. Although cattle and equid metapodials appear to be the preferred bones, other parts of the skeleton such as mandibles, humeri, radii, pelves, femora and tibiae were employed too. Here we present a bone anvil fashioned from a dromedary ( Camelus dromedarius ) right radius-ulna recovered from an urban excavation in the city of Seville (Spain), dated to the Taifa-Almoravid Moslem period (11th-12th-centuries). Besides it being the first archaeological bone anvil of this animal species it constitutes a new record to add to the scarce number of camelid remains in the Iberian Peninsula. Detailed observation of its worked surface and ethnographic information allow us to understand how the medieval blacksmith used this anvil. Keywords: Dromedary, Bone anvil, Al-Andalus, Blacksmiths Resumen: La revision bibliografica de trabajos arqueologicos y etnograficos muestra como los yunques de hueso no solo fueron manufacturados en diferentes regiones geograficas, desde Ucrania hasta la Peninsula Iberica y el norte de Africa, sino que tambien fueron utilizados desde el periodo Helenistico hasta nuestros dias. Aunque los metapodos de bovidos y equidos parecen ser los huesos preferidos, otros elementos anatomicos como mandibulas, humeros, radios, pelvis, femures y tibias, fueron tambien utilizados. En este articulo presentamos un yunque elaborado a partir del radio-ulna derecho de un dromedario ( Camelus dromedarius ), recuperado en una excavacion urbana en Sevilla (Espana), datado de epoca Taifa-Almoravide (siglos XIXII). Ademas de ser el primer registro arqueologico de yunque oseo de esta especie, constituye un nuevo resto a anadir al escaso numero de ejemplares de camelido existente en la Peninsula Iberica. La observacion detallada de la superficie trabajada y la informacion etnografica disponible nos permitieron comprender como el herrero medieval utilizo este hueso. Palabras clave: Dromedario, Yunque oseo, Al-Andalus, Herreros
Assessment of structural and functional condition of rats bone tissue under the influence of various parameters of vibration

Abstract Whole body vibration involves the exposure of the entire human body to direct contact with environmental vibration. Chronic mechanical vibrations, combined with the physical attributes of the human body, can amplify the incoming energy and present the potential for negative health effects. Vibration exposure can, thus, result in adverse health effects such as spinal injuries, abdominal neurological and cardiovascular disorders. These can manifest indirectly as an accident causal factor. The aim of our research is to study the impact of vibration fluctuations of different frequencies on the structural and functional condition and mechanisms of bone remodelling. An experimental study was, therefore, conducted on mature male rats. For assessment of bone metabolism in the venous blood of rats, osteocalcin level was determined, while fragments of rats’ lumbar vertebrae were subsequently taken for histologic examination. Our work revealed that with the increase of vibration frequency, an increase of osteocalcin level in the blood of experimental animals comes about. Moreover, we noted after terminating vibration fluctuations on the 56th day of the experiment, osteocalcin levels are gradually reduced. In addition, in the course of histological study of specimens of lumbar vertebrae bone tissue, even as early as of the 28th day of the experiment, evidences of acute impairment of the bone tissue and initial signs of its remodelling are clearly traced. Indeed, on the 56th day, the remodelling processes represented by enhanced regeneration in the zone of the cartilage plate, increased in proliferation activity. We also saw hyperplasia of chondrocytes, hypertrophy of the respective zones of cartilage tissue, zones of forming immature bone tissue on the areas of previous damage, focal replacement fibrosis and angiomatosis. Hence, with increasing vibratory acceleration of 0,5 g, the rate of bone metabolism grows, osteoblast activation processes are accelerated and the impairment of collagen and calcium loss is increased. All this leads subsequently to the occurrence of osteoporosis.
Impact of educational intervention on the awareness of undergraduate medical students towards teratogenicity: an observational study

Background: The term teratogenicity is defined as any morphological, behavioral or biochemical effect induced during embryonic life or fetal life detected at birth or later. the factors that lead to teratogenicity include both non-genetic and genetic factors. The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of educational interventions on the awareness of undergraduate medical students towards teratogenicityMethods: The present study was a questionnaire-based comparative observational study carried out at Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Government Medical College, Jammu (J&K) for a period of three months from 1st November 2017 to 31st January 2018. The questionnaire was designed and validated by conducting pilot study on a sample of ten students. The questionnaire comprised of two main parts. The first part comprised of questions pertaining to the demographic profile of the students and second part consisted of questions assessing the students’ knowledge and awareness towards teratogenicity. The scoring of the assessment of the performance of the students regarding knowledge of various aspects of teratogenicity was done before and after the educational intervention and was compared using paired t-test.Results: A total of 134 second year MBBS undergraduate students participated in the study. Mean age of students was 19.32±0.82 years. In the present study it was found that before the educational intervention about 98.5% of the students and after the intervention all the students were aware of the term teratogenicity. About 69.4% of students knew about all the causes that lead to teratogenicity but after the intervention about 76.1% of the students knew about it. Also, the percentage of students who knew about the name of two teratogenic drugs and two teratogenic defects associated with drugs were only 31.3% and 22.3% respectively. After the educational intervention it increased to 61.9% and 52.2% respectively.Conclusions: In the present study, it was found that after the educational intervention, there was a significant improvement in the mean knowledge score of the students. This reflects the need of early exposure of students to this important issue of teratogenicity.
Role, Relevance and Regulation of PEPT1 in Peptide Intestinal Absorption.

Peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), a high capacity and low affinity transporter, is mainly expressed on apical membranes of epithelial cells in the small intestine. To explore the relevance of PEPT1 in small peptide intestinal absorption, everted jejunal uptake studies from wild-type and PEPT1 null mice were performed on glycylsarcosine (GlySar). GlySar uptake from wild-type mice displayed a bell-shape curve with maximal activities at pH 6.0 to 7.0. The uptake of GlySar was saturable with Km = 9.96 mM and Vmax = 233 pmol mg-1 20 sec-1. Furthermore, PEPT1 substrates significantly inhibited GlySar uptake. In contrast, transport activities of GlySar were relatively low and insensitive to changes in pH for PEPT1 null mice. GlySar uptake was proportionally increased as the concentration of GlySar increased in the buffer (i.e., linear uptake). Little inhibition was observed by PEPT1 substrates. These findings demonstrated that, under in vitro conditions, PEPT1 was the major transporter responsible for small peptide intestinal absorption. Moreover, the PEPT1 null mouse colony is a valid model to study PEPT1 relevance. To examine the regulation of PEPT1 during food deprivation, wild-type mice were fasted overnight (16 hr). Although the mRNA of PEPT1 did not change during fasting conditions, PEPT1 protein was significantly induced in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum compared to fed controls. To test functional activity, GlySar was administered intravenously to wild-type and PEPT1 null mice during fed-fasted conditions. The clearance of GlySar was comparable in the four groups. After oral administration of GlySar, the wild-type mice during fasted conditions showed the highest AUC and Cmax, followed by wild-type mice in the fed state. In contrast, GlySar pharmacokinetics were unchanged in the fed-fasted conditions of PEPT1 null mice. These findings demonstrated that, under in vivo conditions, changes in PEPT1 expression during the fasting condition correlated to changes in the functional response to GlySar. The intestinal absorption of GlySar was independent of feeding conditions in PEPT1 null mice. Therefore, food itself has little effect on small peptide intestinal absorption. Rather, the presence or absence of food can affect protein expression levels of PEPT1, which served to alter the extent of GlySar absorption.
Impact of cropping pattern on growth, yield attributes and system productivity of citronella (Citronella winterianus) - pulses intercropping system in Central India

A field experiment was conducted at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during 2010-11 and 2011-12 to study the Impact of cropping pattern on growth, yield attributes and system productivity of citronella (Citronella winterianus L.) - pulses intercropping system in Central India. There was significant superiority in growth, yield attributes and yield of sole cropping as compared to their intercropping. On an average significantly higher herbage yield of first (202.74 q/ha) and second cutting (161.15 q/ha) was recorded in citronella sole cropping followed by 2:1 row ratio of citronella + pigeonpea. However, the citronella sole cropping gave significantly highest citronella equivalent oil yield and net returns than other cropping systems. The higher B: C ratio was recorded under citronella: pigeonpea 2:2 row ratio (12.6) in 2010-11 and citronella: pigeonpea (2:1) (8.75) in 2011-12 than other cropping systems. The higher LER values in citronella: pigeonpea intercropping, i.e.1.03 to 1.08, clearly indicate 3 to 8% advantage over their sole stand. Citronella sole recorded the highest crop profitability (Rupees753 to 837 ha/day).
A review of comparison on efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA antagonists and combination therapy in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

III Table of contents . IV List of Figures . VII List of Tables . VII List of Acronyms . VIII 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Global scenario . 1 1.3 Situation of Alzheimer’s disease in Bangladesh . 2 1.4 Overview on dementia . 2 1.5 Clinical symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease . 3 1.6 Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease . 4 1.7 Causes of Alzheimer’s disease. 4 1.7. 1 Neurofibrillary tangles . 6 1.7. 2 Senile plaques . 6 1.7. 3 Theory related to cholinergic hypothesis . 8 1.7. 4 Theory related to ageing . 9 1.7. 5 Evaluation of theories . 10 1.8. 1 Pathology of Alzheimer’s disease: Amyloid cascade hypothesis . 11 1.8. 2 Pathology of Alzheimer’s disease: TAU hypothesis . 13 1.9 Pharmacological management of Alzheimer’s disease . 14 1.9. 1 Cholinesterase inhibitors . 14 1.9. 1.1 Mechanism of action of Cholinesterase inhibitors in AD . 16 1.9. 1.2 Tacrine . 18 1.9. 1.2. 1 Pharmacokinetics . 19
Trends and Impact of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Patients Undergoing Shoulder Arthroplasty

Author(s): Lin, Charles Chun-Ting | Advisor(s): Lee, Thay Q | Abstract: Background:As the incidence of shoulder arthroplasty continues to increase, the number of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing shoulder arthroplasty also increases. COPD has been shown to be a significant risk factor in general surgery, total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty, where it is associated with an increase in complication rates and mortality after surgery.Methods:This was a retrospective administrative database study using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2001 to 2014. Patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty were identified using ICD-9-CM procedural codes and split into two groups: patients with COPD and without COPD. Trends of patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty across the years were determined. Univariate statistical analysis was used to compare demographics, comorbidity and complication rates. Multivariate regression was used to determine the independent risk that COPD contributes to complications. Inpatient cost and length of stay were also compared between groups.Results:The incidence of shoulder arthroplasty has increased by 294% between 2001-2014. The number of patients with COPD has also increased, with 324% growth. COPD patients had significantly higher rates of comorbidities, especially congestive heart failure (COPD: 10.42% vs. non-COPD: 3.41%; p l .001) and depression (COPD: 16.75% vs. non-COPD: 11.63%; p l .001). They also had higher rates of post-operative complications, particularly respiratory complications (COPD: 5.70% vs. non-COPD: 1.25%; adjusted OR = 3.51; p l .001), overall complications (COPD: 10.48% vs. 4.37%; adjusted OR = 1.98; p l .001) and higher risk of mortality (COPD: 0.31% vs. non-COPD: 0.13%.; adjusted OR = 1.59; p l .001). Discussion:Shoulder arthroplasty in COPD patients is continuing to grow rapidly. COPD patients tend to have greater comorbidity burdens, higher rates of post-operative complications (especially respiratory complications) and increased mortality. Improved pre-surgical optimization and increased attention to post-operative management is necessary to improve outcomes of patients with COPD undergoing shoulder arthroplasty.