Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study to assess the effectiveness of a nutrition education session using flipchart among school-going adolescent girls

INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is characterized by a rapid phase of growth and development during which the requirement of nutrition and micronutrients is relatively high. Although there is a decreasing trend in the prevalence of undernutrition among adolescents, the current prevalence of undernutrition is still very high (41.9%). Adolescents with good nutrition knowledge are more likely to follow healthy eating habits. In the light of this, the current study was planned to assess the baseline nutrition-related knowledge of adolescent girls and the effectiveness of nutrition education material (flipchart) in increasing their nutrition-related knowledge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A school-based interventional study was conducted among adolescent girls of class 9th of a school in an urban slum of Delhi. A structured pretested Knowledge Assessment Questionnaire consisting of 10 multiple-choice questions in Hindi with a maximum score of 10 was used. The intervention was a nutrition education session conducted by doctors of Community Health department using specially designed flipcharts covering important aspects of nutrition relevant for adolescent girls. A demonstration of food items and charts and flex material was also given. The total sample size was 265 adolescent girls. RESULTS: Baseline knowledge as assessed by mean pretest score was poor (3.698 ± 1.81). The students' baseline knowledge was significantly associated with mother's educational status (P = 0.024). There was a significant increase (mean difference was 1.7890 ± 0.1434) in the nutrition-related knowledge of the participants after the intervention (P < 0.001). The proportion of students who improved, i.e., 147 (55.47%) was more than proportion who deteriorated (25 [9.43%]) after the educational session. This difference was found to be statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION: Nutrition knowledge was found poor among school-going adolescent girls, which significantly improved after the nutrition education session.
Effect of health literacy among students on the adoption of osteoporosis-preventive behaviors in Iran

BACKGROUND: In chronic diseases such as osteoporosis, understanding the factors that improve prevention, such as health literacy (HL), is essential in reducing the incidence of these diseases. This study aimed to determine the association between HL and adoption of osteoporosis-preventive behaviors among students in Qazvin. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study in which 375 female students (aged 15–18 years) at high schools (grades 10th, 11th, and 12th) in Qazvin city were selected, in 2019. Sampling method was multistage. To collect data, the standardized questionnaire for measuring HL in adolescents (health literacy measure in adolescents), in addition to another questionnaire for assessing osteoporosis-preventive behaviors, was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 by descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The association considered significant when P < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean scores of adoption of osteoporosis-preventive behaviors and HL were 22.43 ± 5.60 and 70.84 ± 12.58, respectively. Logistic regression showed that there was a significant association between the adoption of osteoporosis-preventive behaviors and HL (P = 0.001). In addition, the association between the adoption of osteoporosis-preventive behaviors and age was also significant (P = 0.048 and odds ratio = 3.35). CONCLUSIONS: Young students and those of low HL showed less adoption of osteoporosis-preventive behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to design educational programs that may raise the knowledge and awareness of those students about such these diseases, mainly prevention.
The relationship between posttraumatic growth and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in hemodialysis patients

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Posttraumatic growth following traumas such as chronic illnesses can occur in some people. The psychological factors, such as cognitive emotion regulation (CER), can influence its formation. CER is a type of coping strategy that helps to efficiently deal with trauma. Due to the importance of the topic and the lack of sufficient studies on posttraumatic growth and CER in hemodialysis patients, this study aims to investigate the relationship between posttraumatic growth and CER in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: This is a descriptive study performed on hemodialysis patients in Bou Ali and Velayat hospitals in Qazvin. One hundred and sixty-two patients were selected by the convenience sampling method, and Garnefski Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (α =0.92) and Tedeschi Posttraumatic Growth Questionnaire (α =0.96) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and ANOVA tests. RESULTS: The results showed that the majority of the hemodialysis patients experienced some degree of posttraumatic growth. The participants achieved high scores in the domains of spiritual development and communication with others. Moreover, posttraumatic growth was positively and significantly correlated with CER (r = 0.67, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Hemodialysis provides the basis for the positive mental reactions known as posttraumatic growth in hemodialysis patients. Nurses and other authorities can use this phenomenon to adapt to illness and care planning.
Comparing the effect of group training and telemedicine on exercise during pregnancy: An application of the health belief model

INTRODUCTION: Many women refuse to exercise during pregnancy due to lack of awareness and not receiving training. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of group and telemedicine education on exercise during pregnancy by using the health belief model (HBM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was carried out in 2019 in Zahedan, and a total of 135 pregnant women participated in it. Samples were randomly assigned to the following three groups: group training (n = 45), telemedicine (n = 45), and control (n = 45). Group training was presented in three sessions, and the telemedicine group received the educational content through mobile applications. The samples completed the HBM questionnaire before and 6 weeks after the intervention. In addition, within 6 weeks after the intervention, they completed the exercise activity schedule. SPSS software Ver. 16 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for analysis, and data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann–Whitney test. RESULTS: After intervention, the scores of HBM constructs and exercise levels in group training, telemedicine group, and control group, respectively, were as follows: perceived susceptibility 25.91 ± 3.24, 25.51 ± 1.97, and 22.55 ± 3.78; perceived severity 27.48 ± 2.27, 25.13 ± 2.29, and 22.51 ± 3.88; perceived benefits 27.28 ± 2.97, 25.68 ± 3, and 22.8 ± 3.05; perceived barriers 10.69 ± 2.69, 10.66 ± 3.19, and 14.17 ± 3.14; cues to action 24.71 ± 4.35, 23.9 ± 2.48, and 22.84 ± 3.02; self-efficacy 26.17 ± 3.05, 25.2 ± 2.82, and 22.51 ± 3.38; and exercise levels 70.99 ± 20.43, 56.51 ± 21.99, and 37.62 ± 29.66. Group training and telemedicine led to significant improvement in all HBM constructs and exercise levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.003, respectively). Group training provided more improvement than telemedicine in the scores of perceived severity (P < 0.0001), perceived benefits (P = 0.001), cues to action (P = 0.02), and mean exercise time (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the HBM is a proper model for exercise education in pregnant women. It is recommended to use HBM as a group training and telehealth in promoting the rate of exercise in pregnant women.
Predictors of high achievers in Indian medical undergraduates: Association with emotional intelligence and perceived stress

BACKGROUND: Today's Bachelor in Medicine, Bachelor in Surgery (MBBS) students will become Indian Medical Graduates in future. Emotional intelligence (EI) is an essential component in the making of an Indian Medical Graduate. There is increasing stress during medical training. The study was conducted to compare the association of EI score and perceived stress scale (PSS) among average and excellent undergraduate medical students. The secondary objective was to find the predictors of excellent academic performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted after institutional ethics committee approval. All 522 consented students studying in 2nd, 4th, 7th, and 9th semesters filled up established pre-validated questionnaires ; Schutteself report EI test and Cohen's perceived stress scale. Sociodemographic details of the respondents were collected. Average attendance and marks of previous semester examinations of all included students were collected from academic cell of the institution. All students were grouped into three groups: average, good, and excellent performers from the marks collected. Comparison of EI scores and PSS scores was done between students in excellent and average groups using unpaired t-test. RESULTS: Of the 94.9% of respondents, 78.2% of the students were included in the study. The mean EI and PSS scores were 123 ± 14.5 and 22.8 ± 13.9, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in EI scores between average and excellent performers ([123.8 ± 18.7] vs. [127.7 ± 16]; P – 0.089). Perceived stress was lower in excellent performers ([20.9 ± 11.1] vs. [24.8 ± 15.0]; P – 0.01). EI was associated with better performance in clinical year students. EI was negatively correlated to perceived stress. CONCLUSION: Our study provides predictors of excellent academic performances among Indian medical undergraduates. This study suggests introduction of extracurricular activities in ongoing undergraduate curricular syllabus. It imparts awareness among students about the importance of attending classes. This study bestows higher EI and lower perceived stress to better academic performance.
Behavioural response of larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in a laboratory environment to potential damage-released chemical alarm cues

Sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus L., 1758) invaded the Great Lakes early in the 20th century and have caused economic and ecological damage to native fish species. The integrated sea lamprey control program involves low-head barrier dams, lampricides, and trapping. The search for low cost and less toxic alternatives to lampricides could involve the use of repellents in the form of chemical alarm cues. The objective of this study was to determine whether larval sea lamprey showed a behavioural response when exposed to damage-released chemical alarm cues by increasing their swimming time, rate of direction changes, or rate of escape attempts in an artificial stream channel experiment. Larval sea lampreys were exposed to conspecific larval sea lamprey extract, heterospecific swordtail (Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel, 1848) extract, or a distilled water control. The larvae increased their rate of escape attempts after exposure to both swordtail and larval lamprey extracts and their rate of direction changes afte.
Postembryonic Ontogeny of the Spadefoot Toad, Scaphiopus intermontanus (Anura: Pelobatidae): External Morphology

We provide a detailed description of and a staging table that portrays the ontogeny of the Great Basin spadefoot (Scaphiopus intermontanus Cope) from the just-hatched larva through the adult. We concentrate on the development of external morphological characters as observed in individuals raised under controlled laboratory conditions. We suggest that our staging table, besides providing greater detail, is more appropriate than a generalized staging table for describing the ontogeny of species within Scaphiopus. Also, unlike other staging tables, we delineate stage bound- aries. We recommend the use of stage boundary criteria for the construction of all future staging tables. Our findings indicate that some aspects of Scaphiopus ontogeny may be unique. Unlike other anuran larvae with sinistral spiracles, the operculum in S. intermontanus does not pass through a stage in which there are two separate openings. Other features, such as mouthpart characteristics, may be useful for intrageneric larval identification; however, we show that at least the labial tooth-row formula variation is affected by both rearing temperature and geographic origin of the specimen sample. Finally, rearing conditions possibly affect the timing of certain developmental events in S. intermontanus. Specifically, the timing of hindlimb differentiation seems to be labile relative to when differentiation occurs in other morphological features. table DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS of the ontog- eny of embryonic, larval, metamorphic, and postmetamorphic frogs (Anura) are important for understanding the general pattern(s) of development of representa- tive taxa and, by comparisons of different patterns, for resolving questions about sys- tematic relationships. For anurans, staging tables are a condensed way of describing ontogenetic changes. In a review of the lit- erature, Fox (1984:30) indicated that of the few thousand known species of anu- rans there are complete staging tables- fertilized egg through the completion of metamorphosis-for fewer than 20 spe- cies. Just et al. (1981: their Table 3) com- pared the staging tables of a number of these species. Most of the tables that have been constructed are for species contained in the genera Bufo and Rana. Two of the most detailed tables, for the African
Effects of dietary CrCl 3 supplementation on some serum biochemical markers in broilers. Influence of season, age and sex

Les effets de la saison, de l'âge, du sexe et d'une supplementation alimentaire en Cr sur plusieurs marqueurs biochimiques seriques ont ete recherches chez les poulets de chair. Au total 600 poussins Ross PM3 âges de 1 jour (300 en hiver et 300 en ete) ont ete utilises. Pour chaque saison, 150 mâles et 150 femelles ont ete repartis en 2 groupes de taille egale selon l'apport supplementaire en Cr : 0 ppm dans le groupe controle et 20 ppm de CrCl 3 . 6H20 dans le groupe traite. Les animaux ont ete peses et les prelevements sanguins ont ete effectues la 1 e r e, 3 e m e et 6 e m e semaines afin de mesurer les activites enzymatiques seriques en AST et CK, les concentrations seriques de phosphates inorganiques (iP), K, Cr proteines totales, albumine et globulines. La saison a grandement influence tous les marqueurs etudies (p<0.01) a l'exception de la kaliemie. L'activite serique en AST (p<0.001), la concentration en globulines (p<0.05) et le poids corporel (p<0.001) ont presente des differences significatives entre mâles et femelles. Tous les marqueurs testes ont ete significativement modifies par l'âge (p<0.001). La supplementation alimentaire en Cr a significativement augmente les activites en AST et CK (p<0.05), les concentrations des mineraux (p<0.001) et le poids corporel (p<0.001). En conclusion, bien que la saison, l'âge, le sexe et le traitement en Cr aient affecte les marqueurs sanguins etudies, ces derniers sont restes compris dans les valeurs normales. Comme en plus, le gain de poids a ete ameliore, une supplementation alimentaire en Cr (20 ppm) peut se reveler economiquement rentable chez le poulet.
Contribution à la connaissance des Rutacées Américaines : étude des feuilles de Triphasia trifolia

Along with the known alkaloid, O-methylhalfordinol, five known coumarins have been isolated from the leaves of Thiphasia trifolia. The structure of a sixth coumarin, the novel substance 3''-dehydroxy-3''-chlorotriphasiol [10] was determined by the interpretation of spectroscopic parameters
Mechanism of Interspecific Differences among Four Gramineous Crops in Growth Response to Soil Drying

Drought tolerance is an important crop characteristic for maintenance of productivity under water deficit conditions. Interspecific differences among four gramineous crops (barnyard millet, maize, pearl millet and sorghum) in growth response to soil drying were studied. Seeds were sown in a sandy soil. Irrigation was stopped in some plots 16 days after sowing and was continued in others. Stopping irrigation increased resistance to water flow to between 2- and 21-fold. However, it decreased the soil water potential by -0.004 to -12.7 MPa, the relative growth rate (RGR) by 15 to 27%, the net assimilation rate (NAR) by 17 to 34% and the photosynthetic rate by 16 to 45%, respectively. Pearl millet and sorghum, which were identified as drought tolerant, displayed the lowest reductions in RGR. RGR was predominantly limited by NAR in all crops. The photosynthetic rate was preponderantly limited by stomatal conductance. Stomatal conductance correlated with leaf xylem water potential significantly. Pearl millet and sourghum showed the highest leaf water status. Root systems of all crops reached 140 cm soil depth. Under water stress, total root length was significantly reduced in maize, was not affected in barnyard millet, and was significantly increased in sorghum and pearl millet. Drought toleranace in sorghum and pearl millet was assoicated with sustained water uptake ability by increasing total root length and maintenance of high leaf water status under soil drying conditions at the vegetative growth stage.
Oceanic dispersal of juvenile leatherback turtles: going beyond passive drift modeling

The current paper presents the first detailed investigation of open-ocean dispersal of hatchlings and juveniles of the critically endangered western Pacific leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea populations nesting in New Guinea. Dispersal patterns were simulated by releasing particles drifting passively, or almost passively, into a state-of-the-art World Ocean circulation model. Analysis of the simulation results combined with sighting, genetic, bycatch, and adult satellite tracking information reveals that: (1) Hatchlings emerging from the main New Guinea nesting beaches are likely to be entrained by highly variable oceanic currents into the North Pacific, South Pacific, or Indian Oceans. Those drifting into the Indian Ocean likely suffer very high mortality. This suggests that, as ocean current variability determines the partition of hatchlings into different dispersal areas, it also largely influences juvenile survival rate at the population level. (2) Within 1 to 2 yr, most passively drifting juveniles reach temperate oceanic regions where the water temperature in winter drops well below the minimum temperature likely tolerated by such small individuals. This leads us to hypothesize that, after an initial period of mostly passive drift, juveniles initiate active swimming towards lower (warmer) latitudes before winter and back again towards higher latitudes, where food abounds, during spring. Such seasonal migrations would significantly slow the eastward progression of individuals circulating in the North Pacific current. This slower drift scenario better explains the size distribution of leather backs observed, or incidentally caught by pelagic fisheries, in the North Pacific. This dispersal mechanism combining passive drift with active habitat-driven seasonal migrations might well apply to many other sea turtle populations and deserves further study.
Effects of temperature and wetness duration on sporulation of Botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaf residues

Disks cut from dead strawberry leaves (autoclaved or air-dried) were inoculated with a conidial suspension of Botrytis cinerea (10 6 conidia per ml) and incubated at various temperatures (T) ranging from 5 to 30°C. Sporulation (conidia per cm 2 ) on leaf disks was determined after exposure to wetness durations (W) of 3 to 11 days. Optimum temperature for sporulation was between 17 and 18°C at all wetness durations. Sporulation levels of 10 5 to 10 7 conidia per cm 2 were observed between 15 and 22°C, after 7 days of continuous wetness. As temperature increased or decreased from the optimum, sporulation decreased for the same wetness durations. Very little sporulation was observed at 25°C and no sporulation was observed at 30°C. Logarithmic polynomial models best described the effect of T and W on sporulation of B. cinerea on dead strawberry leaf tissue. Coefficients of determination for data from all repetitions of the experiments were at least 0.81. The latent period of B. cinerea on dead leaf tissue was longest at the lowest temperature (6 to 7 days at 5°C) and decreased to < 3 days as temperature increased to the optimum (15 to 22°C). Interrupted wet and dry periods of 5, 12, and 24 h directly affected sporulation. Total hours of wetness and the duration of individual wet periods had the greatest effect on the amount of inoculum produced at 20°C
Expression of the antiapoptotic protein survivin in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: an immunohistochemical study

Background Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family that is overexpressed in many malignancies but is rarely detected in normal differentiated adult tissues. Functionally, survivin inhibits apoptosis, promotes cell proliferation and is correlated with aggressive disease and unfavourable outcomes. The aim of the present study was to assess the immunohistochemical expression of survivin in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder and evaluate its relationship with various clinicopathologic variables. Methods Bladder TCC tissue samples from 50 patients who underwent radical cystectomy were investigated and studied immunohistochemically for survivin expression in tumour cells using the monoclonal survivin antibody. Results and conclusion Survivin expression was observed in tumour cells in 33 (66%) of the studied TCC samples. High expression of survivin (>20%) was found in 18 (36%) samples and low expression (<20%) in 15 (30%) samples. A statistically significant relationship was detected between survivin expression and histological grade of the tumour (P<0.05) and between survivin expression and T stage (depth of tumour invasion; P<0.05) and lymph node metastases (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found with regard to patients’ age, sex and tumour size. The findings of this study suggest that survivin expression is associated with bladder TCC and may play an important role in the oncogenesis and progression of bladder cancer.
Porous Silicon Gas Sensors: The Role of the Layer Thickness and the Silicon Conductivity

We studied the influences of the thickness of the porous silicon layer and the conductivity type on the porous silicon sensors response when exposed to ethanol vapor. The response was determined at room temperature (27 ∘C) in darkness using a horizontal aluminum electrode pattern. The results indicated that the intensity of the response can be directly or inversely proportional to the thickness of the porous layer depending on the conductivity type of the semiconductor material. The response of the porous sensors was similar to the metal oxide sensors. The results can be used to appropriately select the conductivity of semiconductor materials and the thickness of the porous layer for the target gas.