Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Limited Stress Response to Transplantation in the Mediterranean Macroalga Ericaria amentacea, a Key Species for Marine Forest Restoration

In the Mediterranean Sea, brown macroalgae represent the dominant species in intertidal and subtidal habitats. Despite conservation efforts, these canopy-forming species showed a dramatic decline, highlighting the urge for active intervention to regenerate self-sustaining populations. For this reason, the restoration of macroalgae forests through transplantation has been recognized as a promising approach. However, the potential stress caused by the handling of thalli has never been assessed. Here, we used a manipulative approach to assess the transplant-induced stress in the Mediterranean Ericaria amentacea, through the analysis of biochemical proxies, i.e., phenolic compounds, lipids, and fatty acids in both transplanted and natural macroalgae over time. The results showed that seasonal environmental variability had an important effect on the biochemical composition of macroalgae, suggesting the occurrence of acclimation responses to summer increased temperature and light irradiance. Transplant-induced stress appears to have only amplified the biochemical response, probably due to increased sensitivity of the macroalgae already subjected to mechanical and osmotic stress (e.g., handling, wounding, desiccation). The ability of E. amentacea to cope with both environmental and transplant-induced stress highlights the high plasticity of the species studied, as well as the suitability of transplantation of adult thalli to restore E. amentacea beds.
Prediction of steady state flow in nonuniform geologic media by conditional moments: Exact nonlocal

We consider the effect of measuring randomly varying local hydraulic conductivities K(x) on one's ability to predict steady state flow within a bounded domain, driven by random source and boundary functions. More precisely, we consider the prediction of local hydraulic head h(x) and Darcy flux q(x) by means of their unbiased ensemble moments 〈h(x)〉κ and 〈q(x)〉κ conditioned on measurements of K(x). These predictors satisfy a deterministic flow equation in which 〈q(x)〉κ = −κ(x)∇〈h(x)〉κ + rκ(x), where κ(x) is a relatively smooth unbiased estimate of K(x) and rκ(x) is a “residual flux. ” We derive a compact integral expression for rκ(x) which is rigorously valid for a broad class of K(x) fields, including fractals. It demonstrates that 〈q(x)〉κ is nonlocal and non-Darcian so that an effective hydraulic conductivity does not generally exist. We show analytically that under uniform mean flow the effective conductivity may be a scalar, a symmetric or a nonsymmetric tensor, or a set of directional scalars which do not form a tensor. We demonstrate numerically that in two-dimensional mean radial flow it may increase from the harmonic mean of K(x) near interior and boundary sources to the geometric mean far from such sources. For cases where rκ(x) can neither be expressed nor approximated by a local expression, we propose a weak (integral) approximation (closure) which appears to work well in media with pronounced heterogeneity and improves as the quantity and quality of K(x) measurements increase. The nonlocal deterministic flow equation can be solved numerically by standard methods; our theory shows clearly how the scale of grid discretization should relate to the scale, quantity, and quality of available data. After providing explicit approximations for the second moments of head and flux prediction errors, we conclude by discussing practical methods to compute κ(x) from noisy measurements of K(x) and to calculate required second moments of the associated estimation errors when K(x) is lognormal.
IMPLICATIONS OF A HIGH ANGULAR RESOLUTION IMAGE OF THE SUNYAEV–ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT IN RXJ1347−1145

The most X-ray luminous cluster known, RXJ1347−1145 (z = 0.45), has been the object of extensive study across the electromagnetic spectrum. We have imaged the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect (SZE) at 90 GHz (λ = 3.3 mm) in RXJ1347−1145 at 10″ resolution with the 64 pixel MUSTANG bolometer array on the Green Bank Telescope, confirming a previously reported strong, localized enhancement of the SZE 20″ to the southeast of the center of X-ray emission. This enhancement of the SZE has been interpreted as shock-heated (>20 keV) gas caused by an ongoing major (low mass ratio) merger event. Our data support this interpretation. We also detect a pronounced asymmetry in the projected cluster pressure profile, with the pressure just east of the cluster core ∼1.6× higher than just to the west. This is the highest resolution image of the SZE made to date.
FastPM: a new scheme for fast simulations of dark matter and haloes

We introduce FastPM, a highly-scalable approximated particle mesh N-body solver, which implements the particle mesh (PM) scheme enforcing correct linear displacement (1LPT) evolution via modified kick and drift factors. Employing a 2-dimensional domain decomposing scheme, FastPM scales extremely well with a very large number of CPUs. In contrast to COmoving-LAgrangian (COLA) approach, we do not require to split the force or track separately the 2LPT solution, reducing the code complexity and memory requirements. We compare FastPM with different number of steps ($N_s$) and force resolution factor ($B$) against 3 benchmarks: halo mass function from Friends of Friends halo finder, halo and dark matter power spectrum, and cross correlation coefficient (or stochasticity), relative to a high resolution TreePM simulation. We show that the modified time stepping scheme reduces the halo stochasticity when compared to COLA with the same number of steps and force resolution. While increasing $N_s$ and $B$ improves the transfer function and cross correlation coefficient, for many applications FastPM achieves sufficient accuracy at low $N_s$ and $B$. For example, $N_s=10$ and $B=2$ simulation provides a substantial saving (a factor of 10) of computing time relative to $N_s=40$, $B=3$ simulation, yet the halo benchmarks are very similar at $z=0$. We find that for abundance matched halos the stochasticity remains low even for $N_s=5$. FastPM compares well against less expensive schemes, being only 7 (4) times more expensive than 2LPT initial condition generator for $N_s=10$ ($N_s=5$). Some of the applications where FastPM can be useful are generating a large number of mocks, producing non-linear statistics where one varies a large number of nuisance or cosmological parameters, or serving as part of an initial conditions solver.
The Role of Privacy Fatigue in Privacy Paradox: A PSM and Heterogeneity Analysis

Powerful rising trends of mobile media platforms have also resulted in the escalation of users’ privacy concerns. However, there is a paradox between users’ attitudes towards privacy and their actual privacy disclosure behaviors. This study attempts to explain the phenomenon of privacy paradox in the mobile social media context from the privacy fatigue perspective. Based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and employing the method of Propensity Score Matching (PSM), this paper confirmed that privacy fatigue could directly explain the privacy paradox. Among the findings, cynicism turned the relationship between privacy concern and privacy protection behaviors from positive influence to negative influence, while emotional exhaustion would weaken the positive influence relationship between privacy concern and the intention to undertake privacy protection behaviors. In addition, the study also revealed the heterogeneous effects of individual characteristics and usage characteristics variables on how the privacy fatigue influences privacy paradox.
Effect of Pumpkin Seed Size on Seedling Emergence and Yield on Two Soil Types1

Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Poir. cv. Dickinson Field) seeds were grouped by weight into small (110-130 mg), medium (150-170 mg), and large (190-210 mg), and planted in a Drummer silty clay loam and in a Plainsfield sand. In the Plainsfield sand, large seeds produced higher yields of pumpkin fruit than small or medium seeds, but total fruit weight on the loam soil was about double of that on the sand soil. No differences in yield due to seed size occurred on the loam soil. There was no relationship between seed size at planting and seedling emergence.
Indigeneity and Likelihood of Discharge to Psychiatric Hospital in an Australian Deliberate Self-Poisoning Hospital-Treated Cohort

Hospital-treated self-harm rates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) people are at least double those for other Australians. Despite this, limited research has explored the relationship between Indigeneity and the clinical management of hospital-treated deliberate self-harm. A retrospective clinical cohort study (2003–2012) at a regional referral centre (NSW) for deliberate self-poisoning was used to explore the magnitude and direction of the relationship between Indigeneity and discharge destination (psychiatric hospital vs. other) using a series of logistic regressions. There were 149 (4%) Indigenous and 3697 (96%) non-Indigenous deliberate self-poisoning admissions during the study period. One-third (31%) were referred to the psychiatric hospital at discharge; Indigenous 21% (n = 32) vs. non-Indigenous 32% (n = 1175). Those who identified as Indigenous were less likely to be discharged to the psychiatric hospital, OR 0.59 (0.40–0.87) at the univariate level, with little change after sequential adjustment; and AOR 0.34 (0.21–0.73) in the fully adjusted model. The Indigenous cohort had a lower likelihood of psychiatric hospital discharge even after adjustment for variables associated with discharge to the psychiatric hospital highlighting the need for further investigation of the reasons accounting for this differential pattern of clinical management and the effectiveness of differential after-care allocation.
THE MID-INFRARED EMISSION OF NARROW-LINE ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: STAR FORMATION, NUCLEAR ACTIVITY, AND TWO POPULATIONS REVEALED BY WISE

We explore the nature of the long-wavelength mid-infrared (MIR) emission of a sample of 13,000 local Type II (narrow-line) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) using 12 μm and 22 μm photometry from the WISE all-sky survey. In combination with FIRST 1.4 GHz photometry, we show that AGNs divide into two relatively distinct populations or “branches” in the plane of MIR and radio luminosity. Seyfert galaxies lie almost exclusively on an MIR-bright branch (Branch A), while low-ionization nuclear emission line galaxies (LINERs) are split evenly into Branch A and the MIR-faint Branch B. We devise various tests to constrain the processes that define the branches, including a comparison to the properties of pure star-forming inactive galaxies on the MIR–radio plane. We demonstrate that the total MIR emission of objects on Branch A, including most Seyfert galaxies, is governed primarily by host star formation, with ≈15% of the 22 μm luminosity coming from AGN-heated dust. This implies that ongoing dusty star formation is a general property of Seyfert host galaxies. We show that the 12 μm broadband luminosity of AGNs on Branch A is suppressed with respect to star-forming galaxies, possibly due to the destruction of PAHs or deeper 10 μm Si absorption in AGNs. We uncover a correlation between the MIR luminosity and [O iii] λ5007 luminosity in AGNs. This suggests a relationship between the star formation rate and nuclear luminosity in the AGN population, but we caution on the importance of selection effects inherent to such AGN-dominated emission-line galaxies in driving such a correlation. We highlight the MIR–radio plane as a useful tool in comparative studies of star formation and nuclear activity in AGNs.
Profit Efficiency of Soybean Production in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria

This study evaluated profit efficiency of soybeans production in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for this study. Data were collected through the use of well-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to 188 sampled soybean farmers in the study area. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, financial analysis, Cobb-Douglas production functional model. and stochastic frontier profit model. The results of the analysis show that about 25% of the sampled farmers were within the age bracket of 31-40 years, while 56% fell within the age ranges of 41-50 years. The mean age of the sampled soybean farmers was estimated to be 44 years. The results further revealed that majority 82.4% of the sampled respondents were male farmers. About 44.1% of the sampled farmers had no formal education. Majority (78.7%) of the sampled soybeans farmers had a household size range from 1-5 persons, the average farming experience of the farmers in the study area was 7 years. About 80.9% of soybean farmers had farm size between 1-2 ha. The total variable cost on average was N 130,184.51 with an estimated average total revenue of N340,250.00. The gross margin obtained was N210,063.49. The operating ratio and rate of return on investments were 0.383 and 1.613 respectively, this result implies that soybean production is profitable in the study area. The profit efficiency level attained by soybean farmers was 52% leaving a gap of 48%. The statistically significant factors influencing profit efficiency were price of fertilizer (P<0.1), price of chemical (P<0.1), price of labour (P<0.01), unit price of soybean (P<0.01), and total revenue (P<0.01). The statistically significant factors influencing profit inefficiency were household size (P<0.1), educational level (P<0.1), cooperative association (P<0.01), farming experience (P<0.05), access to credit (P<0.05), and price information (P<0.05). The soybean farmers encountered the following problems in the cause of production: inconsistent government policy and outbreak of diseases, lack of hired labour, high cost of inputs, inadequate capital, lack of extension services and unavailability of improved seed varieties. Therefore, this study recommends that government should provide farm tractors and other farm implements to ease the drudgery in soybean production and reduce the cost of labour incur by farmers, market information should be made available for farmers, farmers should be encouraged to expand their scale of production by providing them with production inputs like fertilizer, chemical and credit facilities in order to have increased yield, government should also disseminate price information through extension agents, social media, and mass media (Radio, and Television news) to farmers in order to teach farmers how to apply fertilizer and chemical appropriately.
Stock return during Pandemic Covid 19: a comparison between Indonesia and Singapore stock market

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the stock market conditions of IDX and SGX due to the influence of COVID 19. Through a regression analysis study method to see the condition of stock returns on companies in IDX and SGX. These two countries were taken as the focus of the study considering the closeness of business relationships and the highest number of COVID 19 cases in the Southeast Asia Region. The researcher concludes that the IDX is more sensitive to the increase confirmed case of COVID 19 and the SGX is more sensitive to the increase deaths cases of COVID 19. The conclusion of this study is that the threat of COVID 19 will have a different effect on investor behavior in each country, this could be due to the influence of differences between cultural values and characteristics. Like other studies, this study also has limitations that have not carried out a fixed effect on the two countries and recommendations to increase the number of samples from other ASEAN countries to make results that can be generalized in ASEAN.
GENERATION OF MAGNETIC FIELDS BY THE STATIONARY ACCRETION SHOCK INSTABILITY

We begin an exploration of the capacity of the stationary accretion shock instability (SASI) to generate magnetic fields by adding a weak, stationary, and radial (but bipolar) magnetic field, and in some cases rotation, to an initially spherically symmetric fluid configuration that models a stalled shock in the post-bounce supernova environment. In axisymmetric simulations, we find that cycles of latitudinal flows into and radial flows out of the polar regions amplify the field parallel to the symmetry axis, typically increasing the total magnetic energy by about 2 orders of magnitude. Non-axisymmetric calculations result in fundamentally different flows and a larger magnetic energy increase: shearing associated with the SASI spiral mode contributes to a widespread and turbulent field amplification mechanism, boosting the magnetic energy by almost 4 orders of magnitude (a result which remains very sensitive to the spatial resolution of the numerical simulations). While the SASI may contribute to neutron star magnetization, these simulations do not show qualitatively new features in the global evolution of the shock as a result of SASI-induced magnetic field amplification.
Serpentine Adaptation of Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. (Oleaceae) Based on Morphological Anatomical Approaches

Serpentine soils consist of broadly skewed elemental profiles, including abundant toxic metals and low nutrient content in drought-prone, patchily distributed substrates; therefore, they are one of the most challenging settings for plant life. In this study, a comparative study was conducted using serpentine and inland populations of Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. (Oleaceae) to determine morphological and anatomical differences between the same species growing in the serpentine and inland areas. Longitudinal leaf sections indicated that serpentine populations had slightly thicker leaves than inland populations, contributing to the increased heights of adaxial and abaxial epidermal cells and palisade and spongy tissues. Moreover, the serpentine population had smaller stomata than the inland populations. These results suggest that the strong selective pressure under serpentine soil conditions could force leaves to restore water and avoid excessive transpiration.
GNOSIS: THE FIRST INSTRUMENT TO USE FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS FOR OH SUPPRESSION

The near-infrared is an important part of the spectrum in astronomy, especially in cosmology because the light from objects in the early universe is redshifted to these wavelengths. However, deep near-infrared observations are extremely difficult to make from ground-based telescopes due to the bright background from the atmosphere. Nearly all of this background comes from the bright and narrow emission lines of atmospheric hydroxyl (OH) molecules. The atmospheric background cannot be easily removed from data because the brightness fluctuates unpredictably on short timescales. The sensitivity of ground-based optical astronomy far exceeds that of near-infrared astronomy because of this long-standing problem. GNOSIS is a prototype astrophotonic instrument that utilizes “OH suppression fibers” consisting of fiber Bragg gratings and photonic lanterns to suppress the 103 brightest atmospheric emission doublets between 1.47 and 1.7 μm. GNOSIS was commissioned at the 3.9 m Anglo-Australian Telescope with the IRIS2 spectrograph to demonstrate the potential of OH suppression fibers, but may be potentially used with any telescope and spectrograph combination. Unlike previous atmospheric suppression techniques GNOSIS suppresses the lines before dispersion and in a manner that depends purely on wavelength. We present the instrument design and report the results of laboratory and on-sky tests from commissioning. While these tests demonstrated high throughput (≈60%) and excellent suppression of the skylines by the OH suppression fibers, surprisingly GNOSIS produced no significant reduction in the interline background and the sensitivity of GNOSIS+IRIS2 is about the same as IRIS2. It is unclear whether the lack of reduction in the interline background is due to physical sources or systematic errors as the observations are detector noise dominated. OH suppression fibers could potentially impact ground-based astronomy at the level of adaptive optics or greater. However, until a clear reduction in the interline background and the corresponding increasing in sensitivity is demonstrated optimized OH suppression fibers paired with a fiber-fed spectrograph will at least provide a real benefit at low resolving powers.
Spatial-Domain Synchrosqueezing Wavelet Transform and Its Application to Seismic Ground Roll Suppression

High-precision time-frequency (TF) analysis (TFA) based on the synchrosqueezing wavelet transform can improve the TF resolution and sharpen TF representations (TFRs). However, this method works only for time-varying signals and cannot characterize spatially varying signals with unique spatial properties. Herein, we propose extending the time-domain synchrosqueezing wavelet transform (TSWT) to the spatial domain, yielding the spatial-domain synchrosqueezing wavelet transform (SSWT), and we introduce a velocity parameter. First, we apply the proposed SSWT to several synthetic signals to test its feasibility. From such experiments, we observe that the SSWT is capable of characterizing non-stationary, spatially varying signals with high resolution and robustness, characteristics that are inherited from the TSWT. The SSWT can also maintain its signal reconstruction ability. Furthermore, we apply the SSWT to suppress ground roll in seismic data processing. Through examples of both synthetic datasets and field datasets, we conclude that the SSWT can accurately characterize spatially varying signals and could have many potential applications in the field of signal analysis and processing.
On the Polarization Characteristics of Moving Type IV Solar Radio Bursts

Any theory dealing with type IV solar radio bursts must explain the observed evolution of their brightness temperature and polarization. The behaviour of isolated, moving type IV sources is characterized by a long period of constant and low polarization during the major part of their lifetime, followed by a substantial increase in the degree of circular polarization during the declining phase. This behaviour puts severe constraints on and gives valuable clues as to the evolution of the physical conditions within the source.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Syrista parreyssii (Spinola, 1843) (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) and its phylogenetic analyses

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of Syrista parreyssii (Spinola, 1843) was described. The circular genome is 18,666 bp with an A + T content of 82.60%. It contains 37 genes and a 1921 bp control region. The CR-trnI (+)-trnQ (–)-trnM (+) cluster is rearranged as trnM (+)-CR-trnQ (–)-trnI (+) cluster. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that European Syrista and Asian Neosyrista were not sister groups. Neosyrista is a valid genus and should be reestablished. Moreover, a preliminary study based on COI showed there are at least three valid Syrista species within the European and Mediterranean regions. Whether the known Syrista parreyssii (Spinola, 1843) is a complex or there are more cryptic species needs further study.