Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural studies on the polysaccharide portion of "A-band" lipopolysaccharide from a mutant (AK1401) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1

AK1401 is a mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 (serotype 05) that does not express O-antigen, but does express "A-band" lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The polysaccharide portion of the A-band LPS (A-PS) from AK1401 was found to consist mainly of D-rhamnose, with smaller amounts of 3-O-methylrhamnose, ribose, mannose, glucose, and a 3-O-methylhexose. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the intact A-PS indicated that the main structural feature was a repeating trisaccharide of α-D-rhamnose having the following structure:The 1H NMR spectrum of the repeating unit was completely assigned through the use of 2D shift-correlated and relayed coherence transfer NMR spectroscopy. The linkage positions and sequence of residues were found by nuclear Overhauser enhancement difference spectroscopy. Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, lipopolysaccharide, 1H NMR.
Molecular and morphological evidence for a new grass genus, Dupontiopsis (Poaceae tribe Poeae subtribe Poinae s.l.), endemic to alpine Japan, and implications for the reticulate origin of Dupontia and Arctophila within Poinae s.l.

Phylogenetic analyses within Poaceae tribe Poeae subtribes Puccinellinae (=Coleanthinae), Phleinae, Poinae s.l. (including Alopecurinae), and Miliinae (PPAM clade), revealed that one species formerly placed in Poa represents a new monotypic genus belonging to subtribe Poinae s.l. , Dupontiopsis gen. nov., D. hayachinensis comb. nov. (based on Poa hayachinensis), endemic to wet, gravelly, serpentine, alpine habitats in northern Japan. This genus forms a strongly supported clade (DAD) with two circumarctic Poinae genera, Arctophila and Dupontia, in phylogenetic analyses of plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data. Both morphology and DNA sequence analyses provide support for D. hayachinensis as a lineage distinct from either Arctophila or Dupontia, with moderate DNA support for a position as sister to these two genera. Dupontiopsis resembles these other monotypic genera in its several‐flowered spikelets, lemmas usually 3‐nerved, with frequently awned attenuate scarious apices (as in Dupontia) and calluses with a crown of hairs around the base of the lemma, but differs in its keeled lemmas, scabrous palea keels, glumes shorter than the first lemma. Our investigation suggests that the most recent shared ancestor of the DAD clade evolved from a single hybridization event, as a hexaploid, probably in western Beringia. The probable parentage of the ancestor is considered to be within the Poinae–Alopecurinae clade excluding Poa. We provide evidence for possible secondary hybridization and introgression of duodecaploid Dupontia fisheri with Puccinellia. A key to perennial genera of PPAM with hairy calluses, and a supplemental table of morphological characters in the genera accepted in PPAM are provided.
Newly recognized anticarcinogenic fatty acids: identification and quantification in natural and processed cheeses

Mise en evidence et dosage dans toute une serie de fromages et dans de la viande hachee de boeuf, d'isomeres d'acide linoleique contenant un systeme de double liaison conjugue (CLA). Mecanismes possibles de formation de ces CLA
Air Temperature, Heat Sums, and Pollen Shedding Phenology of Longleaf Pine

Between 1957 and 1966, pollen shedding by longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) in southwestern Alabama peaked at dates ranging from February 23 to April 3. January 1 and 50°F was the combination of starting date and threshold air temperature that minimized annual variations in heat sums before the trees flowered. The heat sum required for peak pollen shedding declined as the season advanced. The regression Y = 19009 -89.26X, in which Y is the degree-hour heat sum above 50°F and X is days from January 1 through date of peak pollen shedding, accounted for nearly all observed annual variations in peak date. For the data from which the regression was computed, deviation of observed from expected date of peak pollen shed averaged 0.3 day. For eight subsequent observations, including two in North Carolina and one in northern Alabama, the deviation averaged 1.6 days. Flowering by the four major southern pines fol- lows a consistent pattern (Dorman and Barber 1956)) with slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) first, fol- lowed by longleaf (P. pdustris Mill.), loblolly (P. taedu L.), and shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill.). In the Gulf States (Wakeley 1954), slash pines normally shed their pollen in late January or early February, longleaf and lo~blolly pines in March, and shortleaf in April. A nugmber of investigators have concluded that air temperature during the days or weeks before flowering is the major factor governing the time of pollen shedding by pines (Fielding 1957, Marcet 19.51, Millett 1944, Minshall 1947, Scamoni 1938, Snyder 1961). Pollen shedding by longleaf pines has been ob- served for 15 years on the Esoambia Experimental Forest in the Coastal Plains of southwestern Al- abama, 2 years in jthe fall-line sandhills of North Carolina, and 1 year in the Mountain Province of northern Alabama. Southwestern Alabama data for the 10 years from 1957 through 1966 were analyzed to explore the relationship between air temperatures and longleaf flowering, and to determine the degree to which this factor may account for annual vari- ations in the date of peak pollen shedding. In studies of heat effects upon plant development, heat is usually expressed in degree-hours or degree- days above a biologically established threshold tem- perature. The heat unit system was developed in the eighteenth century, and most subsequent development and applications of the method have been in agricul- ture (Holmes and Robertson 1959). In most re- search, the heat sum required to attain a given stage of development has been assumed to be a fixed value, the "thermal constant," although actual constants have rarely been found in phenological studies. Heat sums associated with a phenological event for a given species normally ,vary from place to place,
Declines in pinyon pine cone production associated with regional warming

Global climate change is expected to produce large shifts in vegetation distribution and has already increased tree mortality, altering forest structure. However, long-term shifts will be partly dependent on the ability of species to reproduce under a novel climate. Few studies have examined the impact of climate change on the reproductive output of long-lived ‘masting' species, or species characterized by episodic reproductive events. Here, we show that seed cone production among pinyon pine (Pinus edulis), a masting species, declined by 40% from the 1974 decade (1969–1978) to the 2008 decade (2003–2012) in revisited stands throughout New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma. Seed cone production was highly correlated with late summer temperatures at the time of cone initiation. Further, declines in seed cone production were greatest among populations that experienced the greatest increases in growing season temperatures, which were the populations located at the cooler, upper elevations. As growing season t.
Mammals under a colony of great cormorants: population structure and body condition of yellow-necked mice

Investigations into small mammals within the territory of a breeding colony of great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis), carried out in 2011-2014 near Juodkrant? (West Lithuania), demonstrated the colony's impact on the dominant rodent, yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis). The age and sex structure of the sampled mice (n = 432), along with body weight, body condition index, and residuals from the linear regression, were used to analyse data from five zones of the colony and the surrounding forest. We found that in the most active zones of the cormorant colony, the age structure of the population was tilted towards a prevalence of juveniles, while sex structure was towards a prevalence of males (P < 0.0001). Despite males being significantly longer in body and heavier, body condition index was the same in both sexes. The effect of the zone of the colony was confirmed for body weight and its residuals; body length and body condition index (main effects ANOVA) were negative in the zones where cormorants were nesting actively.
The effect of partial sleep deprivation on the reaction time and the attentional capacities of the handball goalkeeper

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of partial sleep deprivation on the cognitive performances of the handball goalkeeper (GK) in terms of attention and reaction time (RT). Twelve healthy male volunteers (18.5 ± 1.7 years; 8.3 ± 2.4 years of experiment) took part in the protocol. They performed three cognitive tasks, i.e., the RT test, the Stroop test, and the barrage test, respectively, to evaluate the RT, selective attention (SA), and constant attention (CA) following two situations of partial sleep deprivation, i.e., at the beginning (SDB) and the end (SDE) of the night, and a control situation (reference night), which is a full-night of habitual sleep. Our results showed a significant effect of partial deprivation of sleep on the studied parameters which is translated into an increased RT (p < 0.01) and a reduced level of attention (p < 0.01). It seems that the RT is more affected by SDE than SDB (p < 0.05; –41% vs. 49% after SDE and SDB, respectively); however, SA and CA are more affected by SDB than SDE (p < 0.05; 63% vs. 47% for SA and 39% vs. 29% for CA after SDB and SDE, respectively). In conclusion, partial sleep deprivation affects the RT (i.e., especially SDE) and the attentional capacities (i.e., especially SDB) of the handball GK.
Evaluation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) genotypes for intercropping with two types of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)

SUMMARY Eight genotypes of groundnut and two of pigeon pea were evaluated in intercropping at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, during the monsoon and winter seasons in 1985 and 1986, to identify plant characters associated with high yield in intercropping. The pod yield of groundnut decreased when intercropped with pigeon pea, the extent of the decline differing with groundnut and pigeon pea genotypes. The reduction in groundnut pod yield and the degree and duration of shading was less when grown with pigeon pea type ICPL87 than with LRG30. During the monsoon, pod yield among intercropped groundnut genotypes ranged between 47% and 88% of their yields under monocropping because of differences in growth pattern and duration (90–125 days). The groundnut type most suitable for intercropping had early vigour, early maturity and high partitioning and pod growth rate. However, variation in pod yield among groundnut genotypes was not observed during the winter season because they showed less variation in duration and growth and there was less shading by the associated pigeon pea.
Screening for resistance to Diaporthe toxica in lupins by estimation of phomopsins and glucoseamine in individual plants

Immunological and biochemical assays were developed for screening for resistance to Diaporthe toxica in individual plants of narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius). The former was an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring phomopsin mycotoxins and the latter gave an estimation of glucoseamine in infected stem pieces. Stems of L. angustifolius seedlings were inoculated with conidia from D. toxica cultures and, as expected with this latent disease, remained symptomless for 21 days after inoculation. At this time, phomopsins were measured in excised stems that had been incubated for 6 or 8 days to allow mycelial growth from latent infection structures, thereby increasing the phomopsins to detectable levels in individual plants. The estimation of glucoseamine was carried out on the same stems that had been assayed for phomopsins. The method was based on the alkaline deacetylation of chitin to chitosan, the glucoseamine residues of which are de-aminated with nitrous acid, yielding an aldehyde which is determined colorimetrically. At six days after excision, both tests clearly distinguished the very resistant, resistant, intermediate and susceptible lines and they may be useful in large-scale resistance screening in lupin breeding programmes. The ELISA of phomopsins is easier to use and would be particularly useful in the elimination of susceptible plants and those plants expressing intermediate levels of resistance during early generations of the breeding programme.
Dispersal of invasive and native brine shrimps Artemia (Anostraca) via waterbirds

North American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana have been exported worldwide since the 1950s for use in aquarium trade and fish farming. Aquaculture is expanding along the Mediterranean coast, leading to the release of A. franciscana into native Artemia populations. A. franciscana was first detected in 1981 in Portugal and has since spread to saltworks along the East Atlantic flyway used by shorebirds. Once A. franciscana becomes established in a locality, native Artemia tend to disappear. To test whether migratory shorebirds can disperse invasive and native Artemia between wetlands, we extracted Artemia cysts from feces and pellets collected at Castro Marim (Portugal) and Cadiz Bay (Spain) during southward migration. We found that large numbers of viable eggs of A. franciscana and native Artemia parthenogenetica were dispersed by Redshank Tringa totanus, Blacktailed Godwit Limosa limosa, and other shorebirds migrating through the Iberian Peninsula. This is the most extensive field demonstration to date that invertebrates can disperse readily via gut passage through birds.
A clinicopathological study of correlation of clinical, sonological and histopathological findings following hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding based on PALM-COEIN Classification

Background: To identify the proportion of different causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in women undergoing hysterectomy according to the PALM COEIN classification proposed by FIGO. Methods: Collection of data was done from the medical records of women who underwent hysterectomy for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in the study period from January 2015 to June 2016. Women who underwent planned abdominal hysterectomy and laparoscopy assisted vaginal hysterectomy for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding were included in the study. The clinical, sonological and histopathologic findings were analyzed so as to identify the proportion of different causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in women undergoing hysterectomy. Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding were categorized by calculating the percentage according to the PALMCOEIN classification. Results: A total of 214 women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding underwent hysterectomy out of which 148 had planned abdominal hysterectomy and 66 had planned laparoscopy assisted vaginal hysterectomy, in the study period. AUB-L was the commonest histopathology (38.3%cases) followed by AUB-O (22%cases) and about 21.5% had adenomyosis. Heavy menstrual bleeding was the commonest presenting symptom (24.3% cases) while 40% and 36% had irregular and frequent menstrual bleeding respectively. Conclusion: FIGO has proposed this new standardized terminology to provide uniform conduct of research as data could be compared both nationally and internationally without any confusion and classify the causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding according to PALMCOEIN and identify the relative proportions of each cause. This will help in further research for comparative and epidemiological studies in various populations. More research is needed to identify the riskfactors for leiomyoma in our region as it more prevalent here. Keyword: Abdominal hysterectomy, Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB), International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), PALM-COEIN Classification, Laparoscopy Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy, Histopathology.
The Distribution of Triops and Lepidurus (Branchiopoda) in Australia

[Die geographische Verbreitung von Triops und Lepidurus in Australien wird beschrieben und diskutiert. Triops kommt uberall im Zentrum, im Westen und in Teilen des Ostens vor, ist jedoch abwesend in Tasmanien, im aussersten Sud-Westen und Sud-Osten und augenscheinlich auch im Nordlichen Australien. Lepidurus kommt im Sud-Westlichen und Sud-Ostlichen Australien vor, einschliesslich Tasmanien. Die Rassenvorkommen uberlappen in einem grossen Areal des Sud-Ostens. Die Korrelationen zwischen Verbreitung und einige klimatische Faktoren sowie einigen Beobachtungen allgemein-okologischer Natur werden erortert. , Die geographische Verbreitung von Triops und Lepidurus in Australien wird beschrieben und diskutiert. Triops kommt uberall im Zentrum, im Westen und in Teilen des Ostens vor, ist jedoch abwesend in Tasmanien, im aussersten Sud-Westen und Sud-Osten und augenscheinlich auch im Nordlichen Australien. Lepidurus kommt im Sud-Westlichen und Sud-Ostlichen Australien vor, einschliesslich Tasmanien. Die Rassenvorkommen uberlappen in einem grossen Areal des Sud-Ostens. Die Korrelationen zwischen Verbreitung und einige klimatische Faktoren sowie einigen Beobachtungen allgemein-okologischer Natur werden erortert. ]
Milk production and fatty acid profile of dairy cows supplemented with flaxseed oil, soybean oil, or extruded soybeans

Abstract The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of oil sources in the diet on milk yield, milk composition, and fatty acid (FA) profiles in mid-lactating dairy cows. Forty-eight Chinese Holstein dairy cows averaging 150 days in milk (DIM) at the start of the experiment (body weight = 596±19 kg; milk yield = 29.7±3.00 kg/d) were used in a completely randomized block design. The animals were assigned into four dietary treatments according to DIM and milk yield, and supplemented with no oil (control), 2% flaxseed oil (FSO), 2% soybean oil (SBO), and 2% oil from extruded soybeans (ESB). The experiment lasted nine weeks including the first week for adaptation. Milk yields, milk compositions (fat, protein, and lactose), and milk FA profiles were measured. Daily milk yield from cows fed with FSO, SBO, and ESB were higher than milk yield of the control cows (27.0, 27.0, and 26.5 vs. 25.4 kg/d). Milk fat percentage of the control cows was greater than those cows fed with oil-supplemented diets. However, increasing dietary fat content resulted with no change in fat-corrected milk yield. The FA profile of milk was changed by fat supplementation. Feeding oil reduced the proportion of both short-chain (C8:0 to C12:0) and medium-chain (C14:0 to C16:1) FAs, and increased the proportion of long-chain (≥C18:0) FAs in milk fat. Cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk fat was increased from 0.38% for the control to 0.79, 1.51, and 1.56% of fat for the cows supplemented with FSO, SBO, and ESB, respectively. Feeding oils rich in linoleic acid (SBO and ESB) was more effective in enhancing cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk fat than oils containing linolenic acid (FSO). There was a linear relationship between transvaccenic acid and cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk. Overall, feeding the FSO, SBO, and ESB diets increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased the saturated fatty acid in milk fat.
Utilizacao de farinha obtida a partir de rejeito de batata na elaboracao de biscoitos

A industria de batata cozida a vapor, embalada a vacuo e esterilizada, gera uma quantidade apreciavel de residuos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a viabilidade da utilizacao deste residuo, fornecido pela industria, na obtencao de farinha para a elaboracao de biscoitos, agregando valor ao que atualmente e destinado para alimentacao animal. Para cada 100 gramas do residuo fresco foram obtidos 18 gramas de farinha com 6,8% de umidade. Substituiu-se, na formulacao original do biscoito, 25% da fecula de mandioca pela farinha de batata. A media geral para a analise de aceitabilidade do biscoito de batata, feita com cento e dois provadores nao treinados, foi 8,0 (oito) indicando boa aceitacao do produto e a possibilidade de utilizacao do residuo. Palavras-chave: aproveitamento de residuos; batata; biscoito; analise sensorial
Idiosyncratic Deals between Employees and Organizations : Conceptual issues, applications and the role of co-workers

The world’s population is aging rapidly (United Nations, 2009 ). In 2009, one out of nine persons in the world was older than 60. In 2050, one out of every fi ve persons is expected to be 60 years or older (United Nations, 2009 ). In the world’s more developed regions, estimates are that one out of three will be 60 years or over by 2050. These changes, which are coming rapidly, particularly in the developed world, are attributable to three trends since the end of World War II. First, the baby boom generation currently constitutes the largest birth cohort ever to approach retirement age. Second, declining fertility rates in many countries lead to fewer younger people relative to older adults. Women on average have fewer children, especially among more developed regions (United Nations, 2009 ). Finally, life expectancies across the world are increasing as people become healthier through greater access to healthcare and improved societal infrastructure. The consequence of these trends is an increase in the proportion of older people related to younger people, with Japan, Italy, Germany and Sweden headlining these changes (United Nations, 2004 , 2009 ).
Sex, age and season influence morphometries in the New Zealand Stitchbird (or Hihi; Notiomystis cincta)

Abstract While it is generally considered that males and females have different body measurements, other factors may be important in affecting the uniformity of morphometric parameters within populations. In this 4-year longitudinal study I examined the influence of sex, age and time of year on five body measurements in the Stitchbird (or Hihi (Notiomystis cincta)): (1) tarsal length, (2) total head-length, (3) wing-length, (4) length of ear-tuft, and (5) weight. As with previous analyses of Stitchbird morphometrics, males were significantly larger and heavier than females. However, the age of birds and the time of year significantly affected several body measures. Tarsus was the most stable measure, remaining unchanged after 21 days of age. Wings were the least stable, being significantly affected by sex (females smaller than males), age (1-year-olds smaller than 2-year-olds, which were smaller than 3-year-olds) and season (with wing-length pre-moult smaller than wing-length post-moult). Differences between age-classes within the population reflected changes in individuals over time, with individuals having progressively longer wings and ear-tufts as they aged. Male and female Stitchbirds showed significant seasonal variation in body-weight, with weight reaching a maximum in winter and a minimum during the spring-summer breeding season. While the starvation-predation hypothesis commonly explains seasonal fluctuations in weight of birds, Stitchbirds lose weight during the coldest part of the year, immediately before the breeding season. This change in weight potentially maximises their agility when competing for mates in a mating system characterised by intense sperm competition.