Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathology of Coccidiosis in Broilers Infected with Field Isolates of Eimeria tenella and Mixed Infection of E. necatrix and E. maxima in Makurdi, Benue State

Received: 17/03/2017 Accepted: 25/03/2017 Abstract Fifteen (15) commercial day old broiler chicks were xperimentally infected at 14 days of age using field strains of Eimeria species in Makurdi. The experimental infection lasted for two weeks. At the commencement of the infection (day 14 [day 0 PI]), birds of group T 1 (n=5) and M1 (n=5) were inoculated with 3x10 4 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella and a mixture of E. maxima and E. necatrix respectively. Birds of group X (n=5) served as the un-infected control group. The infected bird s in both groups manifested clinical signs such as anorexia, depress ion, weakness, bloody diarrhoea and ruffled feathers. A mortality rate of 20 % (1/5) was observed in group T1. Eimeria tenella and mixed infection of E. maxima and E. necatrix caused a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the bod y weight and PCV of birds in groups T1 and M1 respectively. Howe ver, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the body weight and PCV between group T1 and group M1 birds. The gross lesions comprised of mild to severe haemorrhagic enteritis/typhilitis with necrosis of the intestinal mucosa and the thickening of the wall of the intestine and bal looning of portions of the intestines in some cases. Microscopically, there wa s necrosis and sloughing off of the epithelium, severe necrosis of the mucos a and severe hemorrhagic typhilitis with infiltration of mononuc lear cells and eosinophils into the intestinal mucosa. Development al stages of the parasite in the lamina propria and sub mucosa were prominent in E. tenella infection while the parasites of E. maxima and E. necatrix where restricted to the epithelium and lamina propria. In conclusion , the most prevalent species were found to be pathogenic.
Study of Bread Form Composite Flour of Maize Flour with Pregelatinized Starch (PGS)

The study was conducted to arise and increase composite bread with maize flour and PGS to evaluate the quality parameters and properties of resulting dough and breads. Loaf breads were formed from composite flour containing 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% of maize flour with 10% PGS(Recommended form pervious study) as constant for wholly samples and compared with wheat bread for various quality attributes of the developed products. Addition of maize flour negatively affected of doughrheology properties and baking properties, but the nutritional quality was improved in case of fat content. Replacement of 10% maize flour into wheat flour 10% PGS retained much of the nutritional and sensory properties and gave the bread with the good overall acceptability. The physical study showed that there was no significant difference between the wheat bread and bread with 10% maize flour. High positive correlate was found between specific loaf with texture, taste and overall acceptability but negatively correlated with hardness. Specific loaf volume, hardness and springiness decreased during storage with increasing level of maize flour in the composite flour formula.
Antecedents That Influence the Intention to Use the Uber Mobile Application: Customer Perspectives in South Africa

In today’s postmodern era, there is phenomenal growth in the use of smartphones, GPS as well as Internet. This has given a rise to a revolution in the business world and the revolution is focused on conducting business on the move usually by mobile commerce applications. The study sought to determine the impact of perceived convenience, facilitation conditions, social influence and price value on the intention to the use an Uber application. A quantitative methodology was utilised and the research concentrated specifically on consumers, located in the Johannesburg area and using of a non-probability convenience sample. A self-administered questionnaire was designed based on the scales used in previous studies. The statistical data analysis procedures utilised for the quantitative study were descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, reliability analysis, structural equation modelling approach by means of the partial least squares structural equation modelling approach. The hypotheses testing results revealed that the intention to use an Uber application was influenced significantly and positively by perceived convenience, facilitation conditions, social influence and price value. The study authenticates those factors such as perceived convenience, facilitating conditions, social influence and price value are instrumental in stimulating the intention to use the Uber application. Lastly, based on the findings of this study, limitations were discussed along with the recommendations and concluding remarks.
Desenvolvimento, produtividade e sobrevivência de maracujazeiro-amarelo enxertado e cultivado em área com histórico de morte prematura de plantas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetative growth, yield and survival of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) grafted on the three rootstocks in area with description of premature death of plants. The experiment was carried out in Adamantina, SP, Brazil, from May 2006 to February 2007, adopting the statistical design of randomized blocks, with three treatments and seven replications. The rootstocks evaluated were Passiflora edulis, P. alata and P. gibertii, using conventional cleft grafting. The variables evaluated were: stem diameter of the rootstocks, stem diameter of the grafts, length of internodes, length of the secondary branches, number of tertiary branches, number of fruits, average weight of fruits, diameter and length of fruits, yield and plant survival. The work demonstrated that the use of the grafting in yellow passion fruit is a viable option as vegetative propagation, as well as a means of controlling some soil pathogens, one problem that has limited the expansion of culture. It was observed that plants grafted on P. edulis presented better initial vegetative growth, followed of P. gibertii and of P. alata. The lowest yield was obtained in P. alata. It was observed that although the presence of Fusarium solani and Rotylenchulus reniformis in soil, 91% of the plants grafted on P. gibertii survival after 12 months of field planting, whereas in P. alata and P. edulis these indices were 60% and 8.6%, respectively, showing a bigger tolerance to the root diseases.
Salinity Tolerance of Introduced South American Sailfin Catfishes (Loricariidae: Pterygoplichthys GILL 1858)

The ecological distribution of species is limited by its physiological tolerances towards natural physical barriers. The experimental LC50 of salinity to an introduced freshwater fish was determined as it implies to its dispersal and distribution. South American sailfin catfishes belong to a freshwater fish family but introduced specimens have been collected in brackish waters of the Pasig River in the Philippines. Tolerance to salinity of this introduced fish could mean increased potential to expand its range into or via marine waters. Juvenile South American sailfin catfishes were purchased from local petshops and were subjected to a 96-hour toxicity test for salinity in the laboratory. Replicated tests using various salinity concentrations were performed. Mortality and survival of test samples were tabulated to determine LC50.The LC50 of salinity was calculated to be 10.6 g/L. Survival analysis of the data gives an estimate that at 10 g/L concentration over 50% of the samples have strong chance of survival beyond 85 hours of exposure to saline water. Post mortem identification of samples confirms they belong to genus Pterygoplichthys. We discuss the implications of the LC50 results on the migration and dispersal of this introduced freshwater fish, and the application of taxonomic data in the study of invasions. Salinity Tolerance of Introduced South American Sailfin Catfishes (Loricariidae: Pterygoplichthys GILL 1858)
In vitro propagation as a viable conservation strategy for Commiphora wightii, an endangered medicinally important desert tree, India

Commiphora wightii is an endangered tree of arid and semi-arid tracts of northern Africa to northwest India. It is an important medicinal plant well-kno wn for its oleo-gum-resin with cholesterol reducing properties. However, it has been over-exploited suc h that it is on the verge of extinction in the Indi an part of its range. The present study reports the use of tissue culture as a viable alternative to propagati on via stem cuttings as well as seedlings for conservation of this valuable plant. The work presented describ es the development of two tissue culture based pathways fo r plant production, their acclimatization and succe ssful field transfer. Plants derived from in vitro propagation have been growing well under field con ditions for over three years (April 2007 to August 2010). Flowe ring and fruiting has taken place, as would be expe cted in similarly sized wild plants, and plants have exh ibited a good rate of growth.
Training Virtually Virtual Workplace E-Learning for Automotive Assembly Operators

This paper reports from a longitudinal study of a Swedish manufacturer in the automotive industry, where a series of studies have explored the potential and limitations of computer-based training of assembly operators. The study is focusing on two supplementing sets of target variables - operators' attitudes and the quality output from operators in real production. Starting with small-scale studies where proof-of-concept for virtual training is established, the research moves on to comparative studies where different computer-based learning models are contrasted and evaluated. The research design ends with large-scale field experiments assessing the effects of computer-based training in terms of quality output. The results clearly demonstrate that computer-based training, when integrated with training of standardized work procedures, outperforms traditional methods for operator training, regardless of the content and the context of the assembly operation. The findings of the study are synthesized into a design framework for virtual training where cognitive and craftsmanship training is contrasted to the learning of product, process, sequence and finesse of assembly.
Effects of palm oil sludge in concentrate on nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation in Thai Native Cattle

Five ruminally fistulated Thai native bulls (361.80 kg) were arranged according to 5x5 Latin Square Design. The cattle was fed with plicatulum hay ad libitum and supplemented with concentrate containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 % POS at 1.5 %BW. A metabolism trail lasted for 22 days, with the first 16 days an adaptation period and the last 6 days the samples collection period. There were no significantly differences among treatments regarding total DM intake and digestibility coefficient of DM, OM and ADF, while CP digestibility coefficient was significantly lower (P<0.05) when 40%POS was incorporated into diet. Rumen fluid pH was similar among treatments whereas rumen NH3-N concentration of cattle fed 0 and 20% POS were higher (p<0.05) than those of cattle fed 40 % POS. Total VFA in rumen fluid, C2, C3 and C2:C3 ratio were not significantly differences (p>0.05) while the proportion of C4 of cattle fed 0% POS was higher (p<0.01) than those of cattle fed 20, 30 and 40% POS. Blood parameters (PCV, glucose and NEFA concentration) were similar among treatments while BUN concentration of cattle fed 40% POS was lower (p<0.01) than those of cattle fed 0, 10, 20 and 30% POS. Thus, the optimum level of POS in concentrate for Thai native cattle fed plicatulum hay as a roughage source, should be not more than 30%.
Comparative Widal Reaction for IgG/IgM Complement C3, lymphocyte and Neutrophils
Assay in Patients with Suspected Typhoid Fever in Selected Hospitals in Kaduna State,
Nigeria

Typhoid also known as enteric fever is endemic in Nigeria most often diagnosed by the widal reaction though the results of this test are being questioned in many quarters. This has necessitated the search for other methods for analysis. This work is aimed at comparing the widal reaction with the rapid immunochromatographic assay the complement C3 and selected haematological indices. Two ml of blood was collected from 350 patients with suspected typhoid infection and analysed by the widal slide agglutination reaction and the IgG/IgM Immunochromatographic assay. Complement C3 was assayed by ELISA while neutrophils and Lymphocyte counts were also performed. The finding showed that 41(11.7%) and 29 (8.3%) were positive for S. typhi IgG and IgM respectively out of 350 patients. It was found that 207 patients had O-antigen widal reaction titres 1/80 and above for S. typhi out of which, 30 (14.5%) and 22(22.6%) were IgG and IgM positive respectively. Those with reactions 1/80 and above to the H-antigen were 118 with 24(20.3%) cases of IgG and 13(11.0%) of IgM. The mean neutrophil and lymphocyte count in the IgM positive were 48.90 ± 20.060 and 60.28±17.64 as compared to the negatives (48.46 ±18.95 and 55.02±19.19 respectively). The mean neutrophil and lymphocyte count of IgG positive were 50.68±19.65 and 57.22±19.72) while the negatives were 48.20±1.08 and 55.23±19.04. the mean plasma levels of complement factors C3 in the IgG positive was 630.70±327.41 as compared to those that are negative (626.97±247.72). The complement C3 levels was significantly higher (P =0.000) in the IgM positive (816.45±406) as compared to the IgM negatives (610.33±233.40). No significant association was observed between the clinical features and the typhoid positives.
Biological Parameters for Four Coccinellid Species in Central Saudi Arabia

Abstract Developmental and reproductive rates ofAdonia variegataGoeze,Coccinella novemnotataHerbst,C. septempunctataL. , andC. undecimpunctataL. were studied in wheat and barley in Central Saudi Arabia. Beetles were reared in the laboratory at 25 ± 2°C onBrevicoryne brassicae(L.) andRhopalosiphum padiL.A. variegataandC. undecimpunctatahad significantly higher egg hatching (X = 81.8 and 74.5%), adult longevity (X = 71.8 and 70.0 days), and survival (X = 61.8 and 61.5%), respectively.Coccinella undecimpunctatahad the highest fecundity (X = 370.5 eggs/female) and longest oviposition period (X = 29.8 days). C. septempunctataexhibited the lowest values for these biological parameters. No differences were evident in the total developmental time or egg and pupal duration, although species differences occurred in the larval duration. Larvae ofA. variegatadeveloped faster (X = 11.8 days) than Larvae ofC. septempunctata(X = 12.0 days),C. undecimpunctata(X = 12.2 days), orC. novemnotata(X = 13.1 days). The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and predicted population density were higher forC. undecimpunctata(X = 0.093 and 98553) after 60 days than forC. novemnotata(X = 0.088 and 59405),C. septempunctata(X = 0.086 and 35033), orA. variegata(X = 0.082 and 37991), respectively.
Across-Species Comparisons of Spatial Scales of Environmental Effects on Survival Rates of Northeast Pacific Salmon

Abstract We estimated the spatial scales of covariation in indices of spawner-to-recruit survival rates among 116 wild stocks of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, chum salmon O. keta, and sockeye salmon O. nerka. These data spanned roughly four decades and represented stocks from 15 geographical regions in Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska. For comparisons between pink and chum salmon, we found positive covariation in survival rates within regions and between certain adjacent regions (e.g., correlations between 0.3 and 0.7) but little covariation between stocks of distant regions (separated by 1,000 km or more). Our results indicate that, on average, shared environmental effects accounted for at least 36% of the variation in survival rates of nearby pink and chum salmon stocks but only 18% for stocks separated by about 500 km. By comparing these between-species patterns with within-species patterns, we conclude that differences in the geographical overlap of fish during the freshwater and early m.
Trials of Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and imidacloprid for management of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on greenhouse grown lettuce

Mineral oil-based emulsifiable preparations of Beauveria bassiana (Bb) and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Pfr) conidia were separately applied alone or together with low rates of imidacloprid 10% WP at 4.7% (Im 1), 14.0% (Im 2), and 23.3% (Im 3) of its recommended application rate, respectively, against the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, on lettuce grown in the greenhouse. Besides eight fungal treatments, the three low application rates of imidacloprid in the oil-based carrier and a blank control (CK) were also included as treatments of the trials conducted in 2002 and 2003. For the 12 treatments of each trial with three replicates, 1,000-fold aqueous dilutions were sprayed twice on transplanted lettuce at a 15-day interval at a rate of ∼1.43×1013 conidia ha−1 for each fungal treatment or at one of the low rates of imidacloprid using a backpack hand-operated hydraulic sprayer. Based on whitefly densities, mortalities, relative efficacies and percent density declines estimated from whitefly counts made at 5-day intervals, all B. bassiana and P. fumosoroseus sprays were highly effective against T. vaporariorum compared to CK and Im 1–3 in both trials. In trial 1, the estimates of whitefly density decline and relative efficacy ranged from 44 and 72% (Bb) to 79 and 90% (Pfr+Im 2–3) on day 10 after the first spray and exceeded 94% for all fungal treatments 10 days after the second spray. Similar trends in whitefly control were also achieved in the corresponding treatments of trial 2. A more desirable and faster control resulted from fungal sprays containing more imidacloprid, but none of the three low imidacoprid rates alone suppressed the whitefly population more effectively than any fungal treatment despite a varying degree of efficacy. Moreover, P. fumosoroseus tended to be more effective against T. vaporariorum than B. bassiana when applied alone or together with the same low rate of imidacloprid but the difference in whitefly control eventually achieved was not significant between the two fungal agents. Thus, the emulsifiable preparations of both fungal agents can be considered as alternatives for whitefly management and for a slightly faster control can be applied together with imidacloprid at around 15% of its common application rate. An economic balance between the efficacy of whitefly control and the ease and cost of conidial production is needed when both fungi are incorporated into whitefly management.
THE EFFECTS OF THE MODEL, LEAD, TEST ERROR CORRECTION WITH FLASHCARDS FOR TEACHING A STUDENT WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES FIRST GRADE SIGHT WORDS

The purpose of this study was to study the effects of a model lead test (MLT) format along with a reward system for teaching sight words . The participant was a third grade student with learning disabilities enrolled in an elementar y resource room. The number of correct sight words was the major dependent measure. These data were gathered before instruction and after instruction. A multiple baseline design across wor d sets was utilized. The outcomes indicated that the MLT with flashcards and a reward system we re effective in improving the sight word recognition. Follow up data indicated that these g ains were maintained. The efficacy of employing such procedures in the classroom setting was discussed.
Prognostic values of SOFA score, qSOFA score, and LODS score for patients with sepsis.

BACKGROUND Sepsis continues to carry a high rate of mortality, which makes effective and simple evaluation methods for predicting the prognosis of septic patients especially important. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the relationships between three scoring systems including Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Quick SOFA (qSOFA) score, and Logistic Organ Dysfunction System (LODS) score and the prognoses of septic patients. METHODS The baseline data, SOFA score, qSOFA score, LODS score, 28-day prognosis, and 90-day prognosis of patients who met the diagnostic criteria of sepsis were retrieved from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn for various indicators, and comparisons were drawn between the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) of the different scoring systems. RESULTS The 28-day AUC was 0.661 (0.652, 0.670) for SOFA, 0.558 (0.548, 0.568) for qSOFA, and 0.668 (0.658, 0.677) for LODS; AUC-qSOFA vs. AUC-LODS was 0.103 (0.087, 0.120) (P<0.001), and AUC-qSOFA vs. AUC-LODS was 0.110 (0.094, 0.125) (P<0.001). The 90-day AUC was 0.630 (0.621, 0.640) for SOFA, 0.551 (0.541, 0.560) for qSOFA, and 0.644 (0.635, 0.653) for LODS; AUC-SOFA vs. AUC-qSOFA was 0.079 (0.065, 0.094) (P<0.001), and AUC-qSOFA vs. AUC-LODS was 0.093 (0.079, 0.107) (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS SOFA score, qSOFA score, and LODS score can all be used to predict the prognosis of septic patients. LODS score and SOFA score have higher accuracy than qSOFA score; however, qSOFA is simpler to use, making it a more suitable tool in an emergency setting.
On a Stochastic Approach to Cosmic-ray Modulation

We present detailed numerical solutions of the steady state modulation of galactic cosmic rays for a three-dimensional model with or without drifts by two distinct approaches, the stochastic (MonteCarlo) method and the finite difference method. We derive the drift velocity formula based on a planar current sheet. We calculate the energy spectra by using the same Parker magnetic field, same nominal interplanetary transport parameters, and same boundary conditions for both methods. We used diffusion coefficientsκ‖ = 10κ⊥ = 2× 10βP for most runs, where κ‖ is the parallel diffusion coefficient in units of cms, κ⊥ is the perpendicular diffusion coefficient, P is particle rigidity in GV, and β is the ratio of particle speed and the speed of light. We assume the heliospheric radius is 100 AU and neglect shocks and other acceleration mechanisms inside the heliosphere. Although other stochastic methods use Cartesian coordinates, we demonstrate that we can use spherical coordinates for Parker’s spiral field, which makes the code much more efficient by reducing coordinate transformations at each step. We show that excellent agreement exists between solutions obtained by these two different methods. We believe this work constitutes the most thorough benchmarking of the two methods performed to date.