Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maxwellian velocity distributions in slow time

Abstract We extend Maxwellian velocity distributions to long observational timescales in much the same way that short timescale statistical mechanics distributions are averaged to yield normal laboratory timescale thermodynamic distributions. This long timescale view has several novel effects: Fluctuating overall velocities (i.e. “wind”) thermalizes into an additional component of temperature, while returning a Maxwellian velocity distribution. However, fluctuating temperature results in a new distribution with a Gaussian core but heavy polynomial tails. The power of the polynomial tail is either -3 or -2 depending on whether the precision of the temperature is allowed to extend to ± infinity or is required to remain strictly positive. The distribution is also interesting in the way it remains almost exactly Gaussian up to a certain velocity after which it quickly breaks off to become polynomial. The distributions are carefully analyzed mathematically, and physical consequences are drawn.
Magyar vállalkozások felszámolásának előrejelzése pénzügyi mutatóik idősorai alapján

A vallalatok felszamolasanak előrejelzeseben altalanos gyakorlat a szamviteli adatokbol kapott hanyados tipusu penzugyi mutatok hasznalata. E mutatokat altalaban csak az utolso lezart uzleti ev adatai alapjan kalkulaljak. Az igy felepitett modellek azonban statikus jellegűek, s nem veszik figyelembe a vallalati gazdalkodas folyamatjelleget. E hianyossag kikuszobolesere korabban Nyitrai [2014a] tett kiserletet a statikus penzugyi mutatoszamok idősoraibol kepzett, ugynevezett dinamikus penzugyi mutatok hasznalataval - azonban szamos, onkenyesnek tűnő feltetelezessel elt, amelyek kozul tanulmanyunkban kettőt feloldunk. Az idezett cikk csak dontesi fak segitsegevel vizsgalta a penzugyi mutatok időbeli trendjet kifejező valtozo hatekonysagat. Most e megkozelites hatasat a modellek előrejelző kepessegere a - szakirodalomban altalanosan elterjedt - logisztikus regresszio keretei kozott vizsgaljuk meg. Nyitrai [2014a] a penzugyi mutatok teljes idősorait felhasznalta, ennek szuksegessege kerdeses lehet, ezert megnezzuk a csődmodellek előrejelző kepesseget annak fuggvenyeben, hogy hany evre visszamenően vesszuk figyelembe a penzugyi mutatok ertekeit. * Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kod: C52, C53, G33.
Morphometry and food preference in relation to sex and hematological values of Eurasian collared dove (Streptotella decaocto)

Objective: The study investigated the gut content and recorded morphometric and hematological parameters in the Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto). Materials and Methods: 24 samples of healthy birds (12 from each sex) were collected from different wetlands in Punjab, Pakistan, from December 2022 until February 2023. Birds were captured live for blood samples, morphometric, and gut analyses. Results: The current study revealed that mensural measurements showed no significant differences in all parameters except tail length, which was significantly longer in males (14.59 ± 0.30) compared to females (12.88 ± 0.43). Hematological parameters were hemoglobin, 23.95 gm/dl; red blood cells, 3.97 × 106/μl; white blood cells, 429.9. 67 × 103/μl; hematocrit, 72.14%; mean corpuscular volume, 183.24 FL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin, 61.70 pg; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, 32.37 pg; platelets, 7.01/μl; and red cell distribution width, 110.86/μl. The percentages of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils were 71.33%, 23.03%, 3.30%, and 1.43%, respectively. The gut content of the Eurasian collared dove mainly consisted of rice, wheat, corn, and millet seeds. Some stony materials were also present. Conclusion: Our study concluded that male and female Eurasian collared doves are alike in biometrics (except tail length) and hematological profiles. Gut content and weight were also similar. Males were slightly larger than females. The gut content showed that the Eurasian collared dove mainly feeds on rice, wheat, corn, and millet seeds. In this study, hematological parameters were also studied.
Comparative analysis of MODIS, MISR, and AERONET climatology over the Middle East and North Africa

Abstract. Comparative analysis of Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol optical depth (AOD) products is performed over seven AERONET stations located in the Middle East and North Africa for the period of 2000–2015. Sites are categorized into dust, biomass burning, and mixed aerosol conditions. MISR and MODIS AOD agree during high-dust seasons but MODIS tends to underestimate AOD during low-dust seasons. Over dust-dominated sites, MODIS/Terra AODs indicate a negative trend over time, while MODIS/Aqua, MISR, and AERONET depict a positive trend. A deviation between MODIS/Aqua and MODIS/Terra was observed regardless of the geographic location and data sampling. The performance of MODIS is similar over the entire region with ∼64 % of AOD within the Δτ=±0.05±0. 15τAERO confidence range. MISR AOD retrievals fall within 84 % of the same confidence range for all sites examined here. Both MISR and MODIS capture aerosol climatology; however few cases were observed where one of the two sensors better captures the climatology over a certain location or AOD range than the other sensor. AERONET Level 2.0 version 3, MODIS Collection 6.1, and MISR V23 data have been used in analyzing the results presented in this study.
Radio measurements for determining the energy scale of cosmic rays

This work is about Tunka-Rex, a radio detector for air showers in Siberia. After calibrating the detector and developing a reconstruction method for air shower events, three results are presented, obtained from the 2012-2014 data of Tunka-Rex: - a method for measuring the energy with a single antenna station. - a validation of the CoREAS code for simulation of radio emission. - a comparison of dofferent experiments's energy scales via the radio signal.
Illusions of plausibility in adjuncts and co-ordination

ABSTRACT Illusions of grammaticality, where ungrammatical sentences are misperceived as grammatical (e.g. The key to the cabinets were rusty), have been widely studied during language comprehension. Such grammatical illusions have been influential in debate surrounding so-called representational and retrieval-based accounts of linguistic dependency resolution. Whether analogous illusions of plausibility occur at the level of semantic interpretation has only recently begun to be examined, and thus far, these illusions have been restricted to a narrow range of linguistic phenomena. In two eye-tracking during reading experiments (n = 48 in each) and two self-paced reading experiments (n = 192 in each) we examined the possibility of semantic illusions during the processing of adjuncts and co-ordination. Across experiments, our results suggest illusions of plausibility during dependency resolution, though interference effects were clearer in adjuncts than co-ordination. We argue that our findings are more compatible with retrieval-based rather than representational accounts of linguistic dependency resolution.
Self-Medication Practices Among the Geriatric Population: A Systematic Literature Review

The ageing population is increasingly using self-medication due to comorbidities. Most people who self-medicate use over-the-counter (OTC) medications bought from private pharmacies as their primary source of medicine. The use of self-medication may lead to an increased risk of unfavourable health outcomes. People over the age of 65 are more vulnerable to adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Our article aims to gain insights into self-medication in the geriatric population. We searched the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) via Google Scholar and PubMed databases. The PubMed search technique was customised for each database and was as follows: (self-medication (Title/Abstract)) AND (geriatric (Title/Abstract) OR elderly (Title/Abstract) OR old (Title/Abstract)). Also, we used other databases like the World Health Organization (WHO), the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare(MOHFW) under the Government of India, etc. The keywords used for the search strategy were ‘over-the-counter drugs’, adverse drug reactions’, self-prescribed drugs’, and non-prescription drugs’. Articles that were not relevant to the review topic are excluded. Through our review, we found that most geriatric people use self-medication because of their previous experience with that medication, a lack of seriousness regarding the consequences of using OTC medications, and suggestions from family members, friends, or neighbours. Abdominal pain, headache, cough, joint pain, and fever are the conditions for which the geriatric age group mainly uses self-medication. The primary source of self-medication is directly from the pharmacy, and the most commonly consumed drug for self-medication is analgesics. Most people know about the risks associated with self-medication. However, people continue to participate in this risky self-medication behaviour to get quick relief from a mild illness. This issue can be resolved by providing such a group with free consultations or medical insurance. Pharmacists’ role in self-medication is also important. Counselling regarding the hazards of self-medication and selling the drugs to consumers without a doctor’s prescription must be avoided.
Influence of Air Pollutants on the Disease Activity and Quality of Life in Rheumatoid Arthritis, an Iranian Observational Longitudinal Study

Background Environmental exposures and genetic predisposition interactions may result in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. This study aimed to determine the effect of outdoor air pollutants on the activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a longitudinal follow-up. Methods We longitudinally studied 50 patients with RA bimonthly over 6 months in Mashhad, one of the most polluted cities in Iran. Disease activity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were examined according to the disease activity score (DAS28ESR), health assessment questionnaires (HAQ), physical health component summary (PCS), and visual analogue scale (VAS) criteria. The outdoor air pollutant was measured by monitoring the average concentration of nitrogen oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), O2 level, Sulfur dioxide (SO2), and some particles less than 10 and 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM <10 µm, PM <2.5 µm). The temperature and humidity levels were also measured. The univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used for data analysis and the role of confounding factors was determined using the generalized estimation equation method. Results Statistical analysis indicated a significant increase of the DAS28ESR (B = 0.04 [0.08]; P = 0.01) and VAS (B = 4.48 [1.73]; P = 0.01) by CO concentration. Moreover, a number of polluted days increased the VAS in patients. In addition, other air pollutants, temperature, and humidity were not affected significantly by the DAS28ESR and quality of life indexes by considering confounders such as medications, age, and job. Conclusion Based on our findings, CO concentration was the only effective outdoor air pollutant that could increase RA disease activity. In addition, CO concentration and the number of polluted days make patients feel more ill. As the role of indoor air pollutants is highly important, further research on this critical topic is required to establish the role of air pollution on RA disease activity.
Exploring quantum circuits with a cQed architecture : application to compressibility measurements

On-chip electronic circuits at cryogenic temperature are instrumental to studying the quantum behavior of electrons. In particular, quantum dot circuits represent tunable model systems for the study of strong electronic correlations, epitomized by the Kondo effect. In this thesis, carbon nanotube based-quantum dot circuits are embedded in coplanar microwave cavities, with which circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) has reached a high degree of control of the light-matter interaction. Here, microwave cavity photons are used to probe the charge dynamics in the quantum dot circuit. More precisely, the high finesse cavity allows us to measure the compressibility of the electron gas in the dot with an unprecedented sensitivity. Simultaneous measurements of electronic transport and compressibility show that the Kondo resonance observed in the conductance is transparent to microwave photons. This reveals the predicted frozen charge dynamics in the quantum dot for this peculiar electron transport mechanism and illustrates that the many-body Kondo resonance in the conductance is associated to correlations arising from spin fluctuations of a frozen charge. A second quantum phenomenon addressed in this thesis is the possible emergence of a new quasi-particle in condensed matter, called Majorana bound state, which would be its own anti-particle. For that purpose, a ferromagnetic gate has been placed below a nanotube in order to generate a synthetic spin-orbit coupling. The observation of Andreev bound states in such a device is a first promising step towards the detection with a cQED architecture of Majorana bound states in a carbon nanotube.
Sur la classification des ensembles de mesure nulle

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Could Plummer–Vinson Syndrome Be Associated with Celiac Disease?

Abstract A 16-year-old female presented to our hospital clinic with a main complaint of difficulty swallowing. She reported mild dizziness and frequent fatigue and denied weight loss, fever, joint pain, or a history of diarrhea. Lab and physical results showed low weight; low hemoglobin, ferritin, and vitamin D levels; and a low red blood cell count. Swallowing assessment showed esophageal webs and swallowing difficulty, especially in the pharyngeal stage, and aspiration. It was initially suspected that clinical manifestations, including esophageal webs, iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and swallowing difficulty, were related to Plummer–Vinson syndrome (PVS). However, further investigations and pathological findings revealed several gastrointestinal manifestations consistent with celiac disease (CD). Based on this finding, the patient began a gluten-free diet for the management of CD. Afterward, she began to gain weight, followed by a resolution of swallowing difficulty. Therefore, clinicians should be familiar with the symptoms of CD when conducting a thorough clinical examination and maintain a high level of suspicion to rule out other causes and reach an accurate diagnosis. It is also recommended to screen all patients presenting with IDA, esophageal web, and dysphagia for CD even in the absence of diarrhea.
Does tourism increase energy consumption in BRICS countries?

Tourism has been the fastest-growing sector in the world over the last decade, contributes to employment opportunities, and generates earnings in foreign currencies. Tourism intensively needs energy to promote tourist activities, which in turn causes economic growth. However, as almost all tourist activities, like hotel accommodations and transportation, strongly depend on energy use, it may contribute to increased energy consumption. Our study explores the impact of tourism on energy consumption in the BRICS (i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) by using the panel data set of 1995–2014. In this study, feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) and Panel corrected standard error (PCSE) panel regression techniques are used for empirical analysis. The results reveal that tourism has a positive and significant impact on energy consumption. Our findings are robust and unaffected by the use of various energy consumption proxies and econometric techniques. Furthermore, our findings are robust and significant due to the inclusion of various controls such as financial development, gross fixed capital formation, total population, and gross domestic product. The policy implication is that governments should promote the tourism sector as a way to boost the growth of their economies. Sustainable tourism can help these economies achieve sustainable development.
Hydraulic Reliability Assessment and Optimal Rehabilitation/Upgrading Schedule for Water Distribution Systems

This paper develops an innovative approach to optimize a long-term rehabilitation and upgrading schedule (RUS) for a water distribution system with considering both hydraulic failure and mechanical performance failure circumstances. The proposed approach assesses hydraulic reliability dynamically and then optimizes the long-term RUS in sequence for a water distribution system. The uncertain hydraulic parameters are treated as random numbers in a stochastic hydraulic reliability assessment. The methodologies used for optimization in a stochastic environment are: Monte Carlo Simulation, EPANET Simulation, Genetic Algorithms, Shamir and Howard’s Exponential Model, Threshold Break Rate Model and Two-Stage Optimization Model. The proposed approach is conducted on a simulation model of water distribution network in a computer by two universal codes, namely the hydraulic reliability code and the optimal RUS code. The applicability of this approach is verified in an example of a benchmark water distribution network.
Reimagining South African political campaigns through indigenous language posters in the 4IR: A political communication perspective

This study sought to explore how the Fourth Industrial Revolution tools or platforms such as digital media technology, social media, and the internet are employed to publicise indigenous language posters for political election campaigns in South Africa. The study was underpinned by a theory of communication in political campaigns to ascertain the importance of communication or linguistic features in political campaign posters. A phenomenological qualitative research method and exploratory research design were employed to address the research problem and objectives of the study. Furthermore, a semi-structured interview was used to collect data from 10 purposively selected respondents. The collected data were thematically analysed to identify, describe, and explain the major themes and sub-themes that emerged. The study established that the previously disadvantaged and marginalised South African indigenous languages were seriously underutilised for political election campaign posters on social media platforms by various South African political organisations. Therefore, the article recommends that, in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, for political parties to participate in the development, preservation, digitalisation, and promotion of these indigenous languages, they should strive to use and post on social media accounts political election campaign posters that are written in the various South African indigenous languages.
Knock-limited combustion of ethanol-, isobutanol-, and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol-gasoline blends in a direct-injected spark-ignition engine

Knock-limited combustion of alcohol-gasoline fuel blends was studied in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine. Ethanol, isobutanol (2-methyl-1-propanol), and methylbutenol (2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol) were splash-blended with a blendstock for oxygenate blending (BOB) gasoline. Ethanol was blended in fractions of 10%, 20%, and 30% by volume (E10, E20, and E30). Isobutanol and methylbutenol were blended to match the oxygen weight percentage of the ethanol blends, resulting in blends of 16%, 32%, and 49% (I16, I32, and I49) isobutanol by volume and 18%, 37%, and 56% (M18, M37, and M56) methylbutenol by volume. Neat BOB and gasoline primary reference fuels (PRF) with octane numbers (ON) of 87 (PRF87) and 100 (PRF100) were included for reference. The engine was operated at fixed speed, equivalence ratio, and injection timing while knock-limited spark advance was located across a range of intake pressures. Low-level alcohol blends E10 and M18 had similar knocking behavior and appeared to be slightly more knock-resistant than I16. For mid-level blends, E20 showed further improvement over I32 while M37 showed noticeably better knock resistance, able to match the knock-resistance of PRF100 for loads above 1000 kPa gross indicated mean effective pressure (GIMEP). For high-level blends, the difference between E30 and I49 was similar to their mid-level counterparts. However, M56 showed significant improvement over E30 and I49 throughout the entire range of loads tested. M56 exceeded the knock-resistance of PRF100 for loads above 700 kPa GIMEP. The improved knock-resistance combined with the increased volumetric energy density of methylbutenol resulted in improved fuel consumption and indicated efficiency. The overall results of this study indicate that the order of knock-resistance of these three alcohols, for direct-injection operation with injection during the intake stroke, is isobutanol < ethanol < methylbutenol when compared on an equal oxygen weight basis.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND DIABETES RISK SCORE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA: A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY

Objective: To determine the prevalence of risk and risk factors of CVDs and diabetes among the undergraduate medical students of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Materials and Methods: 900 students were sampled from nine medical colleges of KPK. A cross-sectional study was completed amid the instructive year of 2019 at Northwest school of medicine (NWSM), Peshawar. The ethical protocol was pursued and purposive and multistage sampling techniques were utilized. Data was collected through a questionnaire based on Framingham risk score for CVDs and Findrisc scale for diabetes risk among undergraduate medical students. Results: The results showed that 2.3% of undergraduate medical students are at high risk of whereas 12.4% are at moderate risk developing CVDs. 6.3% of students are at high risk while 34% are at moderate risk of developing diabetes. 95% of students have good knowledge of risk factors for developing CVDs and diabetes. Conclusion: Students are more prone to developing diabetes than cardiovascular diseases which require serious attention. Projects should be initiated to bring awareness about CVD risk factors.