Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Executive Functioning and Personality Traits in Insomnia Disorder: A Preliminary Report on the Clinical Importance of Objective and Subjective Reduction of Total Sleep Time

To confirm and extend previous findings on the relationships between executive functioning (EF) and insomnia, as well as the available evidence on the associations between personality traits and insomnia, 30 consecutively-admitted insomnia participants and 30 community dwelling adult participants matched on age, gender and educational level, were administered a battery of EF measures and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Insomnia participants underwent two full-night polysomnographic (PSG) recording, followed by a morning assessment of subjective sleep parameters. A misperception index (MI) was computed in order to identify participants characterized by objective insomnia and non-objective insomnia. The EF performance associations between insomnia and poor performance on selected executive functions was confirmed. However, the objective insomnia and non-objective insomnia sub-groups show significant differences on specific EF indices, as well as on dysfunctional personality dimensions.
Effects of freshwater flow on the fish assemblage of the Mondego estuary (Portugal): comparison between drought and non-drought years

Warming of the planet is indisputable and will lead to more frequent extreme events, such as droughts. From June 2003 to March 2008, the effects of variations in river flow, associated with drought conditions, were studied in the fish assemblage of the Mondego estuary, Portugal. Over this time, two distinct hydrological periods were identified: non-drought years and drought years, with consistent changes in the fish assemblages. In the drought years, salinity increased inside the estuary, displacing the estuarine brackish habitats to more upstream areas. During this period, new marine adventitious species were found mainly in the most downstream areas, while the freshwater species disappeared from the Mondego estuary catchment area. For the marine estuarine-dependent species that use estuaries as nursery areas, a decrease in abundance was observed during the drought years, owing to the decrease in freshwater flow and reduced river plume to the coastal area. In non-drought years, there were higher densities of most species and the more important species of the fish community. Our work shows that extreme events such as droughts, related to climatic changes, influenced the structure and composition of the Mondego estuary fish assemblages, and should be further considered when undertaking management plans for transitional waters.
Technical Efficiency and Income Level of Sugarcane Farming in Pati Regency

Indonesian Defisit produksi gula dalam negeri antara lain disebabkan oleh rendahnya produktivitas usaha tani tebu. Peningkatan efisiensi teknis dapat menjadi solusi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan pendapatan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi teknis usaha tani tebu dengan metode MLE stochastic frontier production function. Data primer diperoleh dari 61 contoh yang dipilih secara acak dari populasi petani tebu di pabrik gula Pakis Baru dan Trangkil di Kabupaten Pati pada April-Mei 2018. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi teknis dan pendapatan usaha tani tebu dengan sistem benih baru lebih tinggi daripada dengan sistem kepras. Penggunaan pupuk kimia sudah berlebihan. Keanggotaan kelompok tani berdampak signifikan dalam meningkatkan inefisiensi pada sistem benih baru, sedangkan keanggotaan dalam koperasi berpengaruh signifikan dalam menurunkan inefisiensi pada sistem benih baru. Jumlah anggota keluarga berpengaruh signifikan dalam mengurangi inefisiensi teknis sistem kepras. Efisiensi teknis dan pendapatan usaha tani tebu dapat ditingkatkan melalui optimasi penggunaan sarana produksi dengan mematuhi rekomendasi pabrik mitra dan pemerintah, khususnya penggunaan pupuk sesuai dosis rekomendasi dan penggantian ratun yang sudah berumur tiga tahun dengan benih baru bermutu tinggi sesuai agroekosistem spesifik lokasi. Untuk itu, penyediaan layanan penyuluhan yang efektif merupakan syarat keharusan. English Domestic sugar production deficit is partly caused low productivity of sugarcane farming. Improving technical efficiency may increase farm productivity and income. The study aims to analyze the sugarcane farming technical efficiency by using the stochastic frontier production function. The primary data were obtained from 61 randomly selected samples of sugarcane farmers population of the Pakis Baru and Trangkil sugar factories in Pati Regency in April-May 2018. The study shows that the sugarcane farming technical efficiency and income of the new sugarcane seed system is higher than the ratoon system. Chemical fertilizers have been over used. Farmer group membership significantly increases inefficiency of the new sugarcane seed system, while the cooperative membership significantly decreases inefficiency of the new sugarcane seed system. Family member significantly decreases technical inefficiency of the ratoon system. Technical efficiency and farmers’ income can be improved by allocating production inputs in efficient manner based on the recommendations of partner Sugar Factory and Government, of in particular, fertilizer utilizations according to the recommended dosages and replacement of the already three years ratoon seeds with new high-quality seeds in accordance with the local agroecosystem condition. To this end, provision of an effective extension service is imperative.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Hybridization Study of Methanogenium and Methanocorpusculum Species, Emendation of the Genus Methanocorpusculum, and Transfer of Methanogenium aggregans to the Genus Methanocorpusculum as Methanocorpusculum aggregans comb. nov.

Deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization indicated that species of the genera Methanogenium and Methanocorpusculum are phylogenetically diverse. The 10 strains examined in this study fall into four phylogenetically defined groups. The first group (Methanogenium marisnigri, Methanogenium bourgense, Methanogenium olentangyi, and Methanogenium thermophilicum) is physiologically the most diverse, containing mesophiles and thermophiles and containing marine and nonmarine organisms. The second group (Methanogenium aggregans, Methanocorpusculum parvum, and Methanocorpusculum labreanum) contains very small mesophilic coccoid organisms from anaerobic digestors. The third group contains a single species, Methanogenium tationis, which was isolated from a solfataric mud pool, and the fourth group contains the type species, Methanogenium cariaci, which is a marine organism. Based on the high deoxyribonucleic acid sequence similarity between Methanogenium aggregans and Methanocorpusculum parvum, we propose to transfer Methanogenium aggregans to the genus Methanocorpusculum, naming it Methanocorpusculum aggregans comb. nov. The type strain is strain MSt (= DSM 3027 = OGC 21). The species in the other three major groups are placed in the genus Methanogenium, although the lack of phylogenetic relatedness indicates that some of these organisms should be separated from Methanogenium cariaci into new genera. However, we propose that cataloging or sequencing of ribosomal ribonucleic acid from these species must be completed before new genera are designated.
Genetic study of litter size and litter uniformity in Landrace pigs

ABSTRACT We aimed to estimate litter size and litter uniformity genetic parameters and genetic trends of Landrace pigs at birth and at three weeks by using multitrait analyses for 2,787 litters. The following litter traits were evaluated: number of piglets born alive (NBA), within-litter weight mean at birth (MBW), within-litter weight standard deviation at birth (SDB), within-litter weight coefficient of variation at birth (CVB), number of piglets at three weeks (NT), within-litter weight mean at three weeks (MT), within-litter weight [. ]
THE IMPACT OF FALLOWING AND GREEN MANURING ON SOIL CONDITIONS AND THE GROWTH OF SUGARCANE

There are currently concerns within some sugar industries that long-term monoculture has led to soil degradation and consequent yield decline. An investigation was conducted in Swaziland to assess the effects of fallowing and green manuring practices, over a seven-month period, on sugarcane yields and the physical properties of a poorly draining clay soil. In the subsequent first sugarcane crop after planting, yields were improved from 129 t ha−1 under continuous sugarcane to 141–144 t ha−1 after fallowing and green manuring, but there were no significant responses in the first and second ratoon crops. Also, in the first crop after planting, root length index increased from 3.5 km m−2 under continuous sugarcane to 5.2–6.8 km m−2 after fallowing, and improved rooting was still evident in the first ratoon crop where there had been soil drying during the fallow period. Soil bulk density, total porosity and water-holding capacity were not affected by the fallowing practices. However, air-filled porosity increased from 11 % under continuous sugarcane to 16% after fallowing, and steady state ponded infiltration rates were increased from 0.61 mm h−1 to 1.34 mm h−1, but these improvements were no longer evident after a year back under sugarcane. Levels of soil organic matter were reduced in all cases, probably as a result of the tillage operations involved. In the plant crop, root length was well correlated with air-filled porosity, indicating the importance of improving belowground air supply for crop production on poorly draining clay soils.
CHORUS HOWLING BY WOLVES: ACOUSTIC STRUCTURE, PACK SIZE AND THE BEAU GESTE EFFECT

ABSTRACT A variety of structural parameters were measured from wolf choruses recorded in the Superior National Forest, Minnesota, USA. Mean duration of 60s did not vary with pack size or composition. Packs replied to simulated howling after an average of 40s, often interrupting the stimulus howls. Choruses began with simply-structured howls, which became increasingly modulated as the chorus progressed. Little difference in mean fundamental frequency or other howl parameters was found among the choruses from packs of various sizes and compositions. In particular, choruses produced by single adult pairs did not differ from those of larger packs accompanied by pups. The lack of relationship between chorus parameters and pack size or composition indicates there is little useful information concerning a pack's size to be found in its chorus howling. The observation that chorus howling by adult pairs is often perceived as that of larger groups with pups suggests that chorus structure has evolved to exaggerate t.
Growth and physiological responses to drought and elevated ultraviolet‐B in two contrasting populations of Hippophae rhamnoides

In the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China, sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), which is a thorny nitrogen-fixing deciduously perennial shrub, has been widely used in forest restoration as the pioneer species. In our study, two contrasting populations from the low and high altitudinal regions were employed to investigate the effects of drought, ultraviolet-B (UV-B) and their combination on sea buckthorn. The experimental design included two watering regimes (well watered and drought stressed) and two levels of UV-B (with and without UV-B supplementation). Drought significantly decreased total biomass, total leaf area and specific leaf area (SLA), and increased root/shoot ratio, fine root/coarse root ratio and abscisic acid content (ABA) in both populations. However, the high altitudinal population was more responsive to drought than the low altitudinal population. On the other hand, elevated UV-B induced increase in anthocyanins in both populations, whereas the accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds occurred only in the low altitudinal population. The drought-induced enhancement of ABA in the high altitudinal population was significantly suppressed in the combination of drought and elevated UV-B. Moreover, significant drought x UV-B interaction was detected on total biomass in both populations, total leaf area and fine root/coarse root in the low altitudinal population, and SLA in the high altitudinal population. These results demonstrated that there were different adaptive responses between two contrasting populations, the high altitudinal population exhibited higher tolerance to drought and UV-B than the low altitudinal population.
A new cymbospondylid ichthyosaur (Ichthyosauria) from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) of the Augusta Mountains, Nevada, USA

A new taxon, Cymbospondylus duelferi sp. nov., is described from the late Anisian of the Fossil Hill Member of the Favret Formation of the Augusta Mountains, Pershing County, Nevada, USA. The holotype and only specimen consists of a fairly complete skull associated with articulated and disarticulated postcranial material. Body length reconstruction revealed a medium-sized individual with an estimated body length of 4.3 m. Dorsal vertebrae as well as the left humerus of this specimen are associated with three strings of articulated tail and posterior dorsal vertebrae, which are on average 68% smaller than the vertebrae of the medium-sized individual. Due to the small size of these vertebrae and their position within the trunk region, they most likely represent fetuses. Cymbospondylus duelferi sp. nov. provides the second-oldest evidence for viviparity in ichthyosaurs. In the course of this study, the skull morphology of C. petrinus and C. nichollsi was reviewed, resulting in revised character scorings for both. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate a sister-taxon relationship of the new taxon with C. petrinus, which was found in the same stratigraphic unit, the Fossil Hill Member, that also crops out at the classical Fossil Hill locality in the Humboldt Range, where the member is part of the Prida Formation. Cymbospondylus duelferi sp. nov. shares a very similar skull morphology with C. petrinus and C. nichollsi, whereas the shoulder girdle morphology differs. Because there is no evidence for ontogenetic differences or sexual dimorphism in the new specimen, a third species of Cymbospondylus – neglecting the type species C. piscosus that is only known from five vertebrae – is recognized from the Fossil Hill Member. Further occurrences of the genus in the Lower and Middle Triassic of Svalbard (Boreal Ocean) and Europe (Tethys) point to a very fast radiation and dispersal of cymbospondylids during the Middle Triassic. https://zoobank.org:pub:906F5F32-9090-496D-8FC7-680D25EED5EF
Properties and serological relationships of Australian and Californian soil-borne viruses of the grapevine and arabis mosaic virus

Grapevines infected with soil-borne viruses were collected in Australia and California, and transmissions made from them to a range of herbaceous hosts. Positive transmissions were obtained more readily in the winter than in the summer, and Chenopodiurn quinoa was found to be the most sensitive test plant at all times. An increased transmission rate was obtained if leaves from infected vines were first homogenized in 5% nicotine base, and the virus concentrated by ultracentrifugation. Each of seven isolates differed in the symptoms produced on herbaceous hosts. The reactions of Gomphrena globosa to four Australian isolates were studied in detail. In cross-protection experiments one of the Australian isolates protected G. globosa plants from invasion by two of the others, and partially protected it from invasion by the third. Arabis mosaic virus, however, did not protect this host from infection by one of the Australian grapevine isolates. Three Australian and three Californian grapevine isolates and two English isolates of arabis mosaic virus were purified, and antisera prepared against them. The grapevine isolates were serologically identical, and all distantly related to arabis mosaic virus, as determined by immunodiffusion tests. The purified viruses were transmitted back to Mission grapevine seedlings and cuttings. The symptoms produced after 4 months were characteristic of the isolate, but were all of the fanleaf type.
Utility of escapement time series data for monitoring the response of salmon populations to habitat alteration

We provide a quantitative examination of the utility of escapement data for monitoring changes in salmonid populations caused by habitat alterations. We used Monte Carlo simulations to determine the precision, duration of monitoring, and the effect size required to achieve acceptable statistical inferences based on before-after (BA) and before-after-control-impact (BACI) comparisons. There was generally less than a 50% chance of detecting a population response unless the population change was large (more than a twofold increase) or the post-treatment monitoring period long (>10 years). Statistical power was improved by increasing the precision of escapement estimates, but the extent of improvement was dependent on the magnitude of population response to treatment, the duration of monitoring, and the extent of natural variability in abundance. BACI comparisons generally had a 10-15% lower probability of detecting a population change than BA comparisons unless the degree of covariation in survival rates bet.
Tanzanian medicinal plants used traditionally for the treatment of malaria: In vivo antimalarial and in vitro cytotoxic activities

Seventeen fractions of extracts obtained from 11 Tanzanian medicinal plants, which had previously been shown to possess a high antimalarial activity in vitro were submitted to the 4‐day suppressive test in Plasmodium berghei‐infected mice, and were investigated for cytotoxic activity in human carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Several fractions administered orally to the mice (500 mg/kg body weight/day) produced a significant reduction of parasitaemia. The most effective plant fractions investigated were those of the root and stem bark of Maytenus senegalensis (90% and 63% suppression of parasitaemia, respectively) and of the roots of Cissampelos mucronata (59% suppression). Highest cytotoxic activities were found with all fractions of Maytenus senegalensis (IC50 1 μg/mL) and with the PE fraction of the roots of Salacia madagascariensis (median IC50=1.2 μg/mL for HT 29 and 2.3 μg/mL for KB).
Firms’ reaction to threats from informal firms: exploring the roles of institutional quality and technical gap

Threats from the informal sector have become an important concern among formal firms. As a response to these threats, formal firms can adopt product innovation (PI) and marketing innovation (MI) strategies to differentiate themselves. The purpose of this paper is to examine how firm-level technical capability and external institutional quality affect firms’ reactions to the threats from informal firms by adopting innovative activities. ,Based on attention-based view (ABV), an empirical study is conducted by using firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey in 2013. ,The findings indicate that when faced with competition from informal firms, formal firms will intensify their innovation activities in both MI and PI, and their technical capability mitigates the competitive threats from informal sectors and thus weakens the impact of informal competitors on the level of product and marketing innovations. Moreover, it is found that the improvement of institutional quality reduces formal firms’ urgency to introduce new products when facing informal competitors. However, this improvement strengthens the impact of informal rivalry on formal firms’ innovation in marketing methods. ,Previous studies that investigate the influence of informal threats are focused on technological innovation (e.g., PI and process innovation) strategies, but little knowledge is provided on non-technological innovative strategies, such as marketing strategies (e.g., MI and organizational innovation). This study contributes to the innovation literature by delving into the circumstances under which PI and/or MI is adopted to counter informal rivals. The findings enrich ABV by investigating how inter-firm resource similarity and marketing commonality strengthen top managers' attention to competition from informal firms.
The effect of copper sulphate on performance and the structure of the gizzard in broilers

Synopsis Addition of copper sulphate (about 200 mg per kg) to conventional diets produced a small, though variable, growth response and improved food conversion in broilers maintained under commercial conditions. In some experiments interactions were found between sex or coccidiostat and copper in the diet. Broilers fed on diets containing greater concentrations of copper (between 400 and 600 mg per kg) exhibited reduced growth rate and food intake. The gizzard linings of birds receiving diets containing 600 mg CuSO4 per kg showed extensive damage. This damage was attributable to a massive increase in the shedding of the gizzard glandular cells into the koilin layer and to disruption and cessation of koilin production. Similar though less severe gizzard changes occurred in birds which received 400 mg per kg and there was a slight increase in cellular desquamation in some of the birds receiving 200 mg per kg. High concentrations of copper were found in the gizzard lining and caecal contents of birds receiv.
Laser and hybrid laser welding of type 316L(N) austenitic stainless steel plates

ABSTRACT The effect of laser, Hybrid Laser-Tungsten inert gas (HLT) and Hybrid Laser-Metal inert gas (HLM) welding processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 5.6 mm thick 316L(N) stainless steel weld joints have been studied. The differences in weld metal microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld joints were evaluated and discussed. Weld bead geometry, ferrite number (FN), solidification mode, secondary dendrite arm spacing, hardness and tensile properties are compared. Laser weld joint showed narrow weld bead profile and a higher cooling rate than the hybrid laser arc weld joints and the weld metal manifested austenitic solidification mode. HLT weld displayed coarser weld metal microstructure due to higher heat input and austenitic ferritic solidification mode. HLM process possesses moderate heat input and cooling rate. The HLM weld metal exhibited ferritic austenitic solidification mode and 2.5 FN. The hardness of weld metal was higher in hybrid welding processes due to the higher ferrite content. HLM weld joint has higher yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and ductility compared to that of the other weld joints. HLM welding process also permits higher gap tolerance with filler metal addition and is recommended for welding of type 316L(N) stainless steel.