Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequence Analysis of S Segment of Rift Valley Fever Virus Used for Vaccine Production in Egypt

RVF virus is a member of the genus Phlebovirus, belongs to the Bunyaviridea family, RVFV is an enveloped virus with a diameter of 90 to 110 nm and a core element of 80 to 85 nm. The viral genome consists of single-stranded, segmented tripartited RNA, among which the large (L) and medium (M) segments are negative polarity, and the small (S) segment is ambisense polarity. The RNA of S segment of ZH501VSVRI was extracted then it converts to cDNA and ampilified by Conventional PCR. Electrophoresis of PCR product was done. The DNA band was sliced from the gel and purified followed by sequencing. The resultant sequence was aligned with those of previously characterized RVF viruses by using Bioedit program which revealed three nucleotide substitutions and these lead to presence of three mutations in translating amino acid in non-structure S protein (Ns S).
Comparaison des caractéristiques de production de la pintade locale (Meleagris numida) en station et dans le milieu villageois en zone soudano-guinéenne du Bénin

A survey on the production characteristics of guinea fowl (Meleagris numida) was carried out in the Borgou department located in the soudano-guinean zone North-Est of Benin. Chicks and reproductive groups were kept either on station under improved management conditions or in rural environment. In rural environment, the birds were divided in two groups. The birds pertaining to the first group were treated against parasitic diseases, whereas those in the second one (control group) received no treatment. Under station conditions, the feed conversion ratio and the daily weight gain were 8.8 and 5.7 g/day respectively. Mean body weight at six months of age were 1151g and 1085g for males and females, respectively. Sexual maturity was reached at 36 weeks of age. For mature hens kept on station, laying rate and the mean egg weight were 37.2% (65% at the peak) and 41.1g respectively. Smothering, stress and pricking were the major constraints to the cloistering of guinea fowl. In rural environment, the mean hatchability rate was 70%. Mortality rate and adult body weight were not significantly different between groups. Mortality rate observed in the rural environment was 50% for both treated or untreated birds. Apart from the parasitic affections, the main causes of mortality were the rain, the predators, the cold and the fragility of chicks. The mean body weight at six months of age is higher for the birds raised under village conditions in comparison to the birds kept on station.
Origin and evolution of the Robertsonian populations of the house mouse (Rodentia, Muridae) in Tunisia based on allozyme studies

The central coastal region of Tunisia harbours two chromosomal races of the house mouse (2n = 22, 22Rb; 2n = 40, 40Std), which are genetically differentiated and show a high level of reproductive isolation. This study presents an allozyme analysis of house mice from the inland city of Kairouan 75 km from the coastal region. Results showed that the 22Rb and 40Std mice from Kairouan shared the same high degree of variability, and were not genetically differentiated. This contrasts with the genetic data registered for the two chromosomal races from the coastal towns, in which a particularly low genic diversity was observed in the 22Rb populations. As the two races in Kairouan show the same low hybridization rates as the populations in the coastal region, these results argue in favour of a local differentiation of the Rb race in Tunisia, most likely originating in Kairouan. The data further suggest that the decrease in variability observed in the coastal 22Rb populations is related to a founder effect or a bottleneck following the introduction of mice from Kairouan into one of these localities, prior to their dispersion throughout the coastal region.
Post- operative analgesic effect of epidural bupivacaine alone and bupivacaine with tramadol for ovariohysterectomy in bitches

Pre-emptive analgesia refers to the application of analgesic before the patient exposal to noxious stimuli. The study was conducted from December, 2013 to May, 2014 on 12 healthy bitches presented to the University of Gondar Teaching Veterinary Clinic for ovariohysterectomy to compare the epidural analgesic efficacy of bupivacaine alone and bupivacaine with tramadol to relieve postoperative pain and asses changes on physiological and heamatological parameters. The bitches were randomly assigned to experimental group I and II. Premedication was done with atropine sulphate and xylazine hydrochloride at 0.04 mg/kg subcutaneously and 1mg/kg intramuscular, respectively. Induction was employed by diazepam at0.25 mg/kg intravenous, immediately followed with ketamine hydrochloride at 5mg/kg intravenously for effect and maintenance, incremental injections of ketamine hydrochloride was administered. Bupivacaine at 1 mg/ kg was administered epidurally in group I bitches while 1 mg/kg of bupivacaine combined with 2 mg/kg tramadol were administered epidurally in group II bitches. Physiological and haematological parameters were assessed at different stages of analgesia, in addition to pain scoring using visual analogue scale (VAS) and categorized numerical rating scale (CNRS). After epidural administration, mean temperature and heart rate between treatment groups showed statistically (p<0.01) high significant reduction while respiratory rate reduction was significant (p<0.05) in group-II bitches compared to group-I due to the inclusion of opioid analgesic tramadol. Haemoglobin, Packed cell volume, total erythrocyte and leukocyte counts showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in 1 hour after surgery in both groups. There was a significant (p<0.05) difference in both visual analogue scale (VAS) and categorized numerical rating Scale (CNRS) score postoperatively in 2 and 6 hours between group I and II bitches. In fact, the visual analogue scale score of group II bitches at 6 hour after surgery was statistically (p<0.01) highly reduced compared to group I bitches. In conclusion, postoperative pain assessment revealed better reduction in pain at all intervals in group-II bitches compared to group-I due to the inclusion of opioid analgesic tramadol. However, further studies are needed to compare the efficacy and doses of this combination as epidural analgesic for various surgeries. Keywords : Bitches, Bupivacaine, Epidural, Ovariohysterectomy, Postoperative pain, Tramadol
Combining gossyplure and insecticides in pink bollworm control

G o s s y p l u r e . the pink bollworm sex pheromone, has been used commercially since 1977 to suppress pest populations by disrupting mating in cotton crops. Two slow-release systems for gossyplure are commercially available: NoMate PBW fibers and Disrupt flakes, suspended in the sticker Bio-Tac or Phero-Tac, respectively, and applied aerially with special equipment. The addition of small amounts of pyrethroid insecticide to the st icker has been suggested to kill male pink bollworm moths attracted to and contacting the pheromone-sticker combination (point source). To determine the effectiveness of such treatments, we conducted tests in cooperation with growers and pest control advisors in southeastern California's Palo Verde Valley. Catches of male pink bollworm moths (Pectinophora gossypiella [Saunders]) in gossyplurebaited traps, rosetted blooms and boll infestations, and numbers of beneficial predators were compared in fields treated with: (1) Disrupt with and without the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin in Phero-Tac; (2) NoMate PBW with and without permethrin in Bio-Tac; and (3) insecticides only (trichlorfon). Some decisions to treat or not to treat were made jointly by the chemical representatives, grower, and pest control advisors. 0 t h ers were made routinely by grower's pest control advisor. This is a report of the 1982 studies.
Two new species of the genus Trachycystis from South Africa (Mollusca, Gastropoda Pulmonata, Endodontidae)

The genus Trachycystis Pilsbry, 1893, is represented by more than a hundred species in southern Africa. It belongs to the family Endodontidae, which is one of the six dominant families of terrestrial molluscs in South Africa (Van Bruggen, 1978). The large number of species as well as the fact that many of them have not been well described, makes this an extremely difficult genus to deal with taxonomically. The matter is complicated further, especially for local workers, because most of the type specimens are dispersed in European museums. Since 1974 the author has been engaged in a study of the terrestrial molluscs, found at the top end of a narrow cliff, called Landdroskloof, situated on the western slopes of the Hottentots Holland mountains, 34°02' S 18°59'E. The locality falls in the recently proclaimed Hottentots Holland Nature Reserve and is about 60 km east of Cape Town and 1350 m above sea-level. The Jonkersnek rain gauge which is only about 5 km away from this site, is known to have recorded a 15-year (1945-1960) mean annual rainfall of 3539.2 mm. This is the highest measured mean precipitation in South Africa. Specimens were collected during different seasons of the year. Among the several interesting molluscs species which inhabit this area, two yet undescribed species of the genus Trachycystis were found. As the habitat varies considerably in such a mountainous region, it can be expected that stenotopic species would only ocur in certain limited microhabitats. The two new species live in places which are sheltered from the sun for at least a few hours per day. The vegetation in these places consists of a thick growth of Cyperaceae and Restionaceae, among others Restio perplexum. These con-
Ocean waves in a multi-layer shallow water system with bathymetry

Mathematical modeling of ocean waves is based on the formulation and solution of the appropriate equations of continuity, momentum and the choice of proper initial and boundary conditions. Under the influence of gravity, many free surface water waves can be modeled by the shallow water equations (SWE) with the assumption that the horizontal length scale of the wave is much greater than the depth scale and the wave height is much less than the fluid’s mean depth. Furthermore, to describe three dimensional flows in the hydrostatic and Boussinesq limits, the multilayer SWE model is used, where the fluid is discretized horizontally into a set of vertical layers, each having its own height, density, horizontal velocity and geopotential. In this study, we used an explicit staggered finite volume method to solve single and multilayer SWE, with and without density stratification and bathymetry, to understand the dynamic of surface waves and internal waves. We implemented a two-dimensional version of the incompressible DYNAMICO method and compare it with a one-dimensional SWE. For multilayer SWE, we considered both two layer and a linear stratification of density, with very small density gradient, consistent with Boussinesq approximation (∆ρ ρ 1). We used Lagrangian vertical coordinate which doesn’t allow mass to flow across vertical layers. Numerical examples are presented to verify multilayer SWE model against single layer SWE, in terms of the phase speed and the steepness criteria of wave profile. In addition, the phase speed of the barotropic and baroclinic mode of twolayer SWE also verified our multilayer SWEmodel. We found that, for multilayer SWE, waves move slower than single layer SWE and get steeper than
The Effects of Some Plant Growing Regulators on the Rooting of Capers (Capparis spinosaL)

The study was carried out in the greenhouse of the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ankara, in 1994. The experiment was conducted in split-plots design in randomised plots with four replications. Cuttings were treated with various concentrations of IBA; IAA and NAA at different periods to induce rooting. The best rootings, 28 % and 29 %, were achieved by treatment of the cuttings with 500 ppm IAA in April and 250 ppm IBA in May for 12h.
PEMANFAATAN PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA UNTUK BIOSTIMULANTS DAN BIOPROTECTANTS

Various findings on the benefit of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for agriculture have been reported by many research institutional. The enthusiasm to commercialize these bacteria as a promising alternative technology is triggered mainly by the to develop environmentally benign agriculture by reducing the use of synthetically agrochemical inputs (fertilizers and pesticides). These result suggested that application of PGPR could promoted the plant growth and increase the resistance of plant against fungi pathogen.
Arteriosclerosis in buffalo hooves—an age related change or a pathology of lameness?

Histopathological studies of the hoof horn tissue from the solar surface were undertaken in mature buffaloes of third or more lactation after taking biopsy. Biopsy samples were taken either of the left or right hind lateral digit due to bilateral symmetry of lesions in hind lateral claws. Five of the animals were having sole hemorrhages with 1 buffalo having overgrown hoof while the other one was having under run sole in addition to sole hemorrhages in the hind lateral digits. Other 5 animals were having perfectly normal hoofs with no lesions in their hind lateral claws and were kept as healthy control. There was mild to marked proliferation of tunica media of arterioles (arteriosclerosis) in the corium resulting in partial to complete occlusion of the lumen of blood vessel in animals having sole hemorrhages. Similar alterations were also observed in the animals having healthy hooves with no lesion. Besides that, mild focal lympho- mononuclear cell infiltration was also seen in the periarteriolar area along with perivascular edema and fibroplasia in both groups. In buffaloes with overgrown hoofs, the only additional change was the presence of occasional keratin bodies in stratum spinosum layer of the hoof epidermis. It may be inferred that there was no significant histopathological differences between healthy hooves and hooves having sole hemorrhages except degenerative changes in the stratum corneum and keratin bodies in stratum spinosum layer of the epidermis in the hooves with sole lesions. Arteriosclerosis, which was considered as a typical feature in the pathogenesis of sole lesions of lameness in cattle might be an age related change not putatively a pathology of lameness in buffaloes. Moreover this is the first histopathological study on lameness in buffaloes.
GCN2 phosphorylation of eIF2a activates NF-?B in response to UV irradiation

In response to UV irradiation, mammalian cells elicit a gene expression programme designed to repair damage and control cell proliferation and apoptosis. Important members of this stress response include the NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) family. However, the mechanisms by which UV irradiation activates NF-κB are not well understood. In eukaryotes, a variety of environmental stresses are recognized and remediated by a family of protein kinases that phosphorylate the α subunit of eIF2 (eukaryotic initiation factor-2). In the present study we show that NF-κB in MEF (murine embryo fibroblast) cells is activated by UV-C and UV-B irradiation through a mechanism requiring eIF2α phosphorylation. The primary eIF2α kinase in response to UV is GCN2 (general control non-derepressible-2), with PEK/PERK (pancreatic eIF2α kinase/RNA-dependent-protein-kinase-like endoplasmic-reticulum kinase) carrying out a secondary function. Our studies indicate that lowered protein synthesis accompanying eIF2α phosphorylation, combined with eIF2α kinase-independent turnover of IκBα (inhibitor of κBα), reduces the levels of IκBα in response to UV irradiation. Release of NF-κB from the inhibitory IκBα would facilitate NF-κB entry into the nucleus and targeted transcriptional control. We also find that loss of GCN2 in MEF cells significantly enhances apoptosis in response to UV exposure similar to that measured in cells deleted for the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB. These results demonstrate that GCN2 is central to recognition of UV stress, and that eIF2α phosphorylation provides resistance to apoptosis in response to this environmental insult.
Adaptability and productivity of Washera rams and its crosses with Farta sheep in South Gonder zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia.

A rapid survey was conducted in south Gonder zone districts to collect information on the adaptability and productivity of distributed Washera rams and its crosses under smallholder farmer’s management systems in the study areas. Pre-survey information was collected from zone agricultural office professionals and checklist was used to collect information from zone and district professionals, development agents and smallholder farmers. In addition, physical observation and body measurements were taken on rams and their progenies. Since the distribution has started in 2005, 1965 Washera rams were distributed in to nine districts by different organizations like Food for Hunger International, World Vision, Research and District Agricultural and Rural development office (WoARD) safety net program. According to the professionals and farmers judgments, Washera sheep has many economically important traits of which better growth rate, attractive coat color and big fat tail are the most important ones. Farmers recalled some adaptation problems as susceptibility to food shortage and disease, especially at their early age of arrival. The observed physical measurements depicted that these sheep are performing well. The body weight and other linear measurements obtained for rams were better than the values for the same breed of sheep at Adet and Quarit. Among the interviewed farmers (70%) preferred to rear Washera and its crosses while 8.7% of them preferred their locals (Farta). In general, most of the farmers (73.9%) have positive comment and suggestion on the distribution of Washera rams through which the performance of the locals could be improved. For future distribution, districts should consider when and where to buy and distribute the rams. In addition, for efficient use of the rams, the distribution should consider communal use of the rams in a common grazing land and it is better to distribute on recommended areas. Finally, in the context of animal genetic resource utilization and conservation, a strategy that would help to improve and conserve the Washera sheep at its belt should be designed.
Process Characteristics and Microbiology of Fura Produced in Ghana

Majority of traditional cereal-based foods consumed in Africa are processed by spontaneous fermentation and are important as weaning foods for infants and as dietary staples for adults. Detailed knowledge of traditional processing is a prerequisite for investigating ways to improve both the nutritional and microbiological qualities of the corresponding product. In this study, the traditional processing of millet into fura, a popular millet-based dumpling consumed throughout West Africa, particularly Nigeria, Burkina-Faso and Ghana was investigated in a range of production units in northern Ghana. Microbiology of the processing was also investigated. Processing steps included soaking or steeping the grains, washing, dehulling, wet milling with the addition of aromatic ingredients, dough fermentation (optional), initial moulding, cooking, pounding into sticky cohesive mass and final moulding. The process was dominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts. The isolated organisms were identified based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics as Lactobacillus spp. (51.42%), Pediococcus spp. (21.4%), Streptococcus spp. (14.3%), Leuconostoc spp. (8.5%), and Enterococcus spp. (4.3%) in the case of LAB and Issatchenkia orientalis (26%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (22%), Pichia anomala (16%), Candida tropicalis (16%), Saccharomyces pastorianus (10%), Yarrowia lipolytica (6%), and Galactomyces geotricum (4%) in respect of yeasts. Enterobactriaceae were also isolated and identified. The development of starter culture from the dominating organisms is important for the potential production of standardized fura at a commercial, small industrial scale, and for the improvement of its acceptability, microbiological stability and hygienic safety. (Nature and Science 2010;8(8):41-51). (ISSN: 1545-0740).
Cave utilisation by Namibian bats : population, microclimate and roost selection

Ten caves in central Namibia were searched for cave bats during May and June 1996. Up to seven species were found sharing a single cave. Different species of bats were found to select roost sites with significantly different microclimates, based on temperature and relative humidity. Bats were using these caves as over-wintering sites and were selecting either cool microclimates in which to enter daily torpor or warm microclimates to enable them to remain active with minimal energy expenditure. Hipposideros commersoni was observed to remain inactive at the roost for days without entering torpor or leaving the cave to forage. This large bat appears to over-winter by relying on its considerable fat store at this southern limit of its distribution. Roost behaviour, colony size and roost location within the cave was examined for each of the nine bat species encountered.
Effects of IP6 and Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Phytate on Serum, Liver and Faecal Lipids in Rats

Dyslipidemia is associated with coronary heart disease. It is known that phytate supplementation reduceshepatic triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in rats. Here, we investigated the effects of sweet potato phytate extract or IP6 on liver, serum and faecal lipid levels as well as intestinal lipase activity in rats fed zinc deficient of zinc sufficient diets. There were significant increases in intestinal lipase activity in the test group fed diets supplemented with sweet potato phytate extract only, compared to other groups. Conversely, faecal triglyceride concentrations were significantly reduced in this group compared to other test groups. Faecal cholesterol output was significantly increased in rats fed diets supplemented with phytate extract only compared to other groups. Total serum lipids did not vary among the groups, however, significantincreases in both serum triglyceride and HDL concentrations were observed in test animals compared to control groups. Liver phospholipid concentrations were found to be significantly higher in animals that consumed zinc supplemented diets compared to those on zinc deficient diets. Phytates may induce hypolipidemia by upregulating intestinal lipase activity resulting in increased faecal cholesterol output and reduced serum lipid levels. Increased serum HDL concentration in rats fed phytate suggests that this supplement may possess cardioprotective properties.