Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Removal of Toxic Metal Ions in Water by Photocatalytic Method

Aims: To study the photocatalytic method for decreasing the concentration of Cu(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), and Pb(II) in the solutions. Study Design: The photocatalytical process was proceeded for single solutions containing respective Cu(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), and Pb(II) ions. Reaction time, photocatalyst dose, and solution pH were optimized. The influence of Cr(VI), Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions on the Cu(II) removal was also evaluated. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia. June 2013 – January 2014. Methodology: Photocatalytic process was carried out by irradiating 100 ml of 4 single solutions containing 10 mg/L of Cu(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI) and Pb(II) added with TiO2 with UV lamp having 290390 nm of the wavelength, for certain time. The same procedure was also taken place with variation of photocatalyst dose (10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg for 100 ml solution), irradiation time (1, Original Research Article Wahyuni et al.; ACSj, 5(2): 194-201, 2015; Article no.ACSj. 2015.019 195 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 75 h), and solution pH (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 13), and for 3 solutions containing Cu(II), that was added with Cd(II), Cr(VI), and Pb(II) respectively. The concentrations of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions in the solutions were measured by AA Spectrophotometer and by spectrophotometer UV-Visible for Cr(VI) ion. Results: The maximum effectiveness of the photocatalytic process can be obtained by using 50 mg of TiO2, in 24 h and at pH 5, that can take Cu(II), Cr(VI), Cd(II) and Pb(II) out from the solutions as high as 45.56%, 77.72%, 15.23%, and 40.32%, by photocatalytic reduction, adsorption on TiO2 and photocatalytic oxidation, respectively. The presence of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) can decrease Cu(II) photo reduction from 45.36% into 15.24% and into 40.53%, meanwhile Pb(II) improves the photo reduction from 45.56 into 58.76% for low Pb(II) concentration. Conclusion: The concentration of the toxic Cu(II) and Cr(VI), Cd(II), and Pb(II) ions can be successfully decreased by photocatalytic process through different mechanisms. The removal of the metal ions was controlled by photocatalyst dose, irradiation time, and solution pH. The presence of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) can inhibit Cu(II) photoreduction due to the competition, meanwhile Pb(II) with low concentration promotes Cu(II) photoreduction by synergic effect.
The Pancreatic Secretions are Under Conditions of Emotional Stress

In everyday life, emotional stress is closely related to physical activity. In the process of work, muscle tension is in constant unity with emotional manifestations. Motor activity in combination with positive emotions counteracts hypokinesia, monotony, the development of fatigue, the occurrence of various diseases and helps to increase the overall resistance of
THE ROLE OF TOURIST MOTIVATIONS TOWARDS PURCHASE INTENTION OF LOCAL FOOD IN THAILAND

Nowadays, tourists are seeking for pleasant food experience, which becomes an important motivation for them to visit a destination. This study aims to discover tourist motivations towards purchase intention of local food in Thailand as well as to consider potential and capabilities of marketing promotion from government and private organizations that affect purchase intention of local food. The survey was carried out on the sample of 400 tourists purchasing local food in Pathumthani province, Thailand. In the questionnaire, tourists rated their physical motivation, interpersonal motivation, emotional motivation, and self-development motivation from their perspective using 5-point Likert scale to evaluate their opinions towards purchase intention of local food. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression with backward elimination method to investigate the most powerful effect of independent variables. The reliability of the whole questionnaire was 0.970. The results showed that tourist’s purchase intention of local food significantly correlated with self-development motivation and marketing promotion (p<0.01). Hence, in order to connect tourist to local food, modern entrepreneurs should focus on tourist’s self-development motivation rather than physiological motivation. Additionally, government and private organizations should increase the potential of marketing promotion to create tourist’s knowledge and allow them to perceive the benefits of purchasing local food.
Transactions of the Korean Nuclear Society Virtual Autumn Meeting December 17-18 Verification of RAST-K hexagonal analysis module with SNR and VVER-440 benchmarks

This paper presents verification results of hexagonal geometry analysis module of our in-house nodal diffusion code RAST-K. Hexagonal geometry based code system has been recently implemented in RASTK for the purpose of sodium-cooled fast reactor design and analysis [1][2][3]. As a nodal solver for hexagonal geometry, a triangle-based polynomial expansion nodal (TPEN) method was used. This method has been previously verified for MOX-3600, CAR-3600, MET-1000 and MOX-1000 fast reactors in steady state condition [1][2][3]. In this paper, verification of Liquid Metal-cooled Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) and PWR are performed. VVER is a Russian PWR that is using hexagonal shape fuel assemblies (FA). Currently, there are 128 VVER-type reactors under operation worldwide. In addition, 37 % of all reactors under construction worldwide are VVER reactors [4]. Therefore, development and validation of hexagonal geometry solver is necessary for improving the competitiveness of our in-house nodal code RAST-K. As part of that, this paper performs verification using benchmark problems such as SNR4g and VVER-440 [4][5].
Modelling of strain rate effects on matrix dominated elastic and failure properties of unidirectional fibre-reinforced polymer-matrix composites

A phenomenological-based, strain rate dependent failure theory, which is suitable for the numerical modelling of unidirectional (UD) carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites (CFRP), is presented. A phenomenological-based approach is also proposed for the threedimensional (3D) modelling of strain rate induced material hardening in UD polymer composites. The proposed theory and approach are implemented in the Finite Element (FE) code ABAQUS/Explicit for one integration point solid elements. Validation is presented against experimental data from dynamic compressive tests using results available in the published literature.
CTX Gene of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli on Broilers in Blitar, Indonesia

Escherichia coli is one of the causes of infection in humans and animals which can easily cause resistance to antibiotics, one of which is resistance caused by ESBL. This study used 160 broilers cloaca swabs from 6 subdistricts in Blitar District. Isolation of Escherichia coli using Mac Conkey Agar selective media, and identified by biochemical testing of IMVIC and TSIA. Escherichia coli resistance test uses 5 different types of antibiotics, including beta lactam (Ampicillin), aminoglycoside (Streptomycin) group, macrolide group (Erythromicin), tetracycline (Tetracycline) group, and sulfonamide group (Sulfamethoxazole-Trimetropin). ESBL-producing Escherichia coli bacteria were confirmed by the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) method. CTX gene characterization using the PCR method. The results showed that 45 isolates (97.8%) were Escherichia coli isolates producing ESBL CTX encoding gene found in broiler cloaca swabs in Blitar district. Positive results on the CTX gene showed electrophoretic results of the samples depicting the same fragment as positive control with a gene length of 550 bp. Escherichia coli which has MDR resistance properties in broiler chickens in Blitar District there were 137 isolates from a total of 160 Escherichia coli. The incidence rate of ESBLproducing Escherichia coli in cloaca swabs in broiler chickens with the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) method in the results of this study showed 46 (28.75%) positive isolates of ESBL. These results indicate that the spread of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli is high, therefore it can cause spreading antimicrobial resistance to animal and human health.
CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAPE AND WINE QUALITY INFLUENCED BY TERROIR IN DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS FROM ROMANIA CULTIVATED WITH FETEASCĂ NEAGRĂ

Grapes and especially wine from same variety may be very different, depending on many factors. These attributes have the advantage that, different tastes, curiosities and demands of wine connoisseurs can be satisfied. The experiments concerning the influence of terroir on the grapes and wine quality in ‘Fetească Neagră’ variety were located in the main vineyards from western Romania (Minis-Maderat, Recas and Buzias-Silagiu). The aim of the research was to found the influence of the ecological resources, type of pruning, fruit loading and age plantation on grapes quality (sugar, acidity, must yield), but also on the wine quantity and quality (liters per hectare, alcohol concentration, organoleptic characteristics, anthocyanin concentration, acidity, full-bodied). Although belongs to the same variety, the resulted wines had different characteristics on most parameters analyzed. Recas wines are fruity; those from Buzias are more obvious full bodied, while those from Minis-Maderat have higher anthocyanin pigmentation. After results analyzing, it can be concluded that in all three areas of research, terroir allowed obtaining quality wines, but with different characteristics, each bearing the mark of the origin area.
Individual Hosts Vs. Company Hosts on Airbnb: Role of Authenticity and Trust on Consumers’ Behavioral Intentions

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Overview of the Special Issue ＂Selected Papers from the 2^(nd) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics at Mountain Sites Symposium＂

Mountain sites provide a unique window on atmospheric chemistry and physics. These sites allow for continuous observations at high elevation, often in the free troposphere, where many important processes occur. Observations at these mountain sites allow for studies on long-range transport of pollution, cloud and precipitation processes, boundary layer ventilation and long-term observations of climate relevant gases and aerosols. However operating at mountain sites presents a unique set of challenges, and for this reason scientists doing research at these sites sought a forum to share knowledge on both the science and challenges of working at these sites.
Factors Influencing the Interdependency of E-Banking: An Integration of Tam & Tpb with E-Service Quality

A B ST R A C T In recent decades, banks have rapidly moved toward investment on e-banking systems to serve customers. Despite of such investments, reports show that these technologies are not competently welcomed by customers. Therefore, present study aims to identify affecting factors on customers’ intention to use e-banking. In present study, electronic service quality integrated with Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behavior model to explain customers’ intention to use e-banking. Research statistical population consists of customers of Passargad and Meli Banks in Qom Province that have used at least one of the e-banking systems so far. Sampling method for Bank Meli is cluster method. Simple random method is used for Passargad Bank. Data collection instrument is questionnaire. Totally, 353 filled questionnaires were returned. Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the data. The results of structural equations modeling confirm model fitness in studied population. Likewise, the results from path analysis show that perceived e-service quality and subjective norm have significantly direct influences on intention to use. However, the findings indicate that perceived behavior control and e-service quality have significantly indirect influence on intention to use. In the meantime, shown other variables of models have non-significant influence on intention to use.
Can Syndicate Diversity Reduce Institutional Barriers to Cross-Border LBOs ? ( Running Title : Can Syndicate Diversity Reduce Institutional Barriers ? )

A common suggestion for facilitating cross-border investment is to partner with a firm in the target nation. Unfortunately, high quality partners are not always available. We hypothesize and test whether investment syndicates consisting of nationally diverse private equity (PE) investors provide an attractive alternative to local partners for overcoming institutional barriers to crossborder investment. Our empirical results show that syndicates have on average lower institutional distance from the target than deals involving a single PE-firm and that diverse syndicates provide mitigating effects to increase the probability of successful deal completion while reducing negotiating time.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE TRADEOFFS IN LEANING AGAINST THE WIND

Credit booms sometimes lead to financial crises which are accompanied with severe and persistent economic slumps. Does this imply that monetary policy should “lean against the wind” and counteract excess credit growth, even at the cost of higher output and inflation volatility? We study this issue quantitatively in a standard small New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model which includes a risk of financial crisis that depends on “excess credit”. We compare monetary policy rules that respond to the output gap with rules that respond to excess credit. We find that leaning against the wind may be attractive, depending on several factors, including (1) the severity of financial crises;(2) the sensitivity of crisis probability to excess credit; (3) the volatility of excess credit; (4) the level of risk aversion. François Gourio Economic Research Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago 230 South LaSalle St Chicago, IL 60604 francois.gourio@chi.frb. org Anil K Kashyap Booth School of Business University of Chicago 5807 S. Woodlawn Avenue Chicago, IL 60637 and NBER anil.kashyap@chicagobooth.edu Jae Sim Division of Research & Statistics Federal Reserve Board 20th Street & Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, D.C. 20551 jae.w. sim@frb.gov
SAFE Working Paper No. 110

In this paper we compute the optimal tax and education policy transition in an economy where progressive taxes provide social insurance against idiosyncratic wage risk, but distort the education decision of households. Optimally chosen tertiary education subsidies mitigate these distortions. We highlight the quantitative importance of general equilibrium feedback effects from policies to relative wages of skilled and unskilled workers: subsidizing higher education increases the share of workers with a college degree thereby reducing the college wage premium which has important redistributive benefits. We also argue that a full characterization of the transition path is crucial for policy evaluation. We find that optimal education policies are always characterized by generous tuition subsidies, but the optimal degree of income tax progressivity depends crucially on whether transitional costs of policies are explicitly taken into account and how strongly the college premium responds to policy changes in general equilibrium.
Overproduction, Aggregate Earnings, and Gross Domestic Product* Running Head: Overproduction, Aggregate Earnings, and GDP

* We are grateful for the helpful comments of Salman Arif, Asher Curtis, Yaniv Konchitchki, Sarah McVay, Vivek Raval, and participants at the 2017 American Accounting Association (AAA) Financial Accounting and Reporting Section (FARS) Midyear Meeting, the 2017 AAA Annual Meeting, and the Ph.D. seminar at the University of Washington. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2018S1A5A8027097).
Bulls Take the Stairs, Bears Take the Window: Conditional Violation of Weak-Form Market Efficiency

I contribute to the literature by presenting evidence that the autoregressive coefficient decreases across return levels in stock market indices. Results suggest that the autoregressive coefficient is significant in the tails of the stock return distribution, which implies that there is conditional weak-form predictability in extreme market conditions. The autoregressive coefficient is positive around negative returns and negative around positive returns, which suggests that when stock returns are low they are more likely to continue lower and when stock returns are high they are more likely to reverse.
Simultaneous Removal of SO2 and NO from Flue Gas Using Multicomposite Active Absorbent

A multicomposite active absorbent was prepared using the liquid-phase complex of NaClO2 and NaClO as well as solid-phase slake lime to simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification at a flue gas circulating fluidized bed (CFB). The effects of influencing factors on the removal efficiencies of SO2 and NO were investigated. Removal efficiencies of 96.5% for SO2 and 73.5% for NO were obtained, respectively, under the optimal experimental conditions. The characterization of the spent absorbent was carried out by using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and chemical analysis methods, from which the simultaneous removal mechanism of SO2 and NO based on this absorbent was proposed.
Choosing questions before methods in dementia research with competing events and causal goals

Several of the hypothesized or studied exposures that may affect dementia risk are known to increase the risk of death. This may explain counterintuitive results, where exposures that are known to be harmful for mortality risk sometimes seem protective for the risk of dementia. Authors have attempted to explain these counterintuitive results as biased, but the bias associated with a particular analytic method cannot be defined or assessed if the causal question is not explicitly specified. Indeed, we can consider several causal questions when competing events like death, which cannot be prevented by design, are present. Current dementia research guidelines have not explicitly considered what constitutes a meaningful causal question in this setting or, more generally, how this choice justifies and should drive particular analytic decisions. To contextualize current practices, we first perform a systematic review of the conduct and interpretation of longitudinal studies focused on dementia outcomes where death is a competing event. We then describe and demonstrate how to address different causal questions (referred here as "the total effect" and "the controlled direct effect") with traditional analytic approaches under explicit assumptions. Our application focuses on smoking cessation in late-midlife. To illustrate core concepts, we discuss this example both in terms of a hypothetical randomized trial and with an emulation of such a trial using observational data from the Rotterdam Study.
PII: S0925-4773(02)00117-X

The Rho family of small GTP-binding proteins are important signaling molecules that regulate the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton and mediate changes in cell morphology and motility. Here, we describe the temporal and spatial patterns of expression of the Rho family member, rac, during the development of the amphibian, Xenopus laevis. We also present the deduced amino acid sequence of Xenopus rac (Xrac). At the amino acid level, Xrac is highly conserved relative to previously characterized rac homologs, and is nearly identical to human rac1. RNase protection assays and Western blot analysis indicate that Xrac mRNA and protein are present from fertilization through tailbud stages of development. Whole-mount in situ hybridizations show that Xrac transcripts are especially abundant in cells of the involuting marginal zone, and later, in the cranial neural crest, the developing central nervous system, and in the somites. The remarkable degree of evolutionary conservation observed in the Xrac primary structure together with its high level of expression in cells and structures critical to morphogenesis suggest a functionally important role for this Rho family member in early vertebrate development. q 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
PII: S0925-4773(01)00651-7

A total of 1612 expression sequence tags derived from Ciona intestinalis cleavage-stage embryos were examined to explore detailed gene expression profiles. The 3 0 sequences indicate that the 1612 clones can be categorized into 1066 independent clusters. DDBJ database search suggested that 496 of them showed significant matches to reported proteins with distinct functions. Among them 69 are associated with cell– cell communications and 41 with transcription factors. In situ hybridization of all 1066 clusters showed that 84 clusters exhibited blastomerespecific pattern of expression, and many of these genes seem to encode for novel proteins. One of the interesting findings is that most of them were expressed in the precursor cells of multiple tissues. Among them 28 genes were expressed in the marginal zone of the 32-cell embryo. The blastomeres in this region are thought to receive an inductive signal from the vegetal blastomeres. Many of the blastomere-specific genes did not show similarity to known proteins. The present analysis therefore provides new information for further analyses on the cell fate specification in the Ciona embryo. q 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
PII: S0925-4773(01)00565-2

The iroquois (iro) genes encode evolutionary conserved homeoproteins that participate in many developmental processes [reviewed in Development 128 (2001) 2847]. In Xenopus, the Iro protein Xiro1 is a repressor, required during gastrulation for neural plate formation, that downregulates Bmp4. During neurulation, Xiro1 participates in the pattering of the neuroectoderm. In this work, we report the cloning and pattern of expression of XCoREST, another gene repressed by Xiro1. During Xenopus development, XCoREST is expressed in territories in which neurogenesis takes place. q 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
PII: S0925-4773(01)00358-6

We analyze the timing of neural patterning in Xenopus and the mechanism by which the early pattern is generated. With regard to timing, we show that by early gastrula, two domains of the anteroposterior (A/P) pattern exist in the presumptive neurectoderm, since the opl gene is expressed throughout the future neural plate, while the fkh5 gene is expressed only in more posterior ectoderm. By mid-gastrula, this pattern has become more elaborate, with an anterior domain de®ned by expression of opl and otx2, a middle domain de®ned by expression of opl and fkh5, and a posterior domain de®ned by expression of opl, fkh5 and HoxD1. Explant assays indicate that the late blastula dorsal ectoderm is speci®ed as the anterior domain, but is not yet speci®ed as middle or posterior domains. With regard to the mechanism by which the A/P pattern is generated, gain and loss of function assays indicate that quantitatively and qualitatively different factors may be involved in inducing the early A/P neural pattern. These data show that neural patterning occurs early in Xenopus and suggest a molecular basis for initiating this pattern. q 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.