Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reply letter manuscript “Uncertainties in Coastal Flood Risk Assessments in Small Island Developing States”

10 Considering the likely increase of coastal flooding in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) due to climate change, coastal managers at the local and global level have been developing initiatives aimed at implementing Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Adaptation measures. Developing science-based adaptation policies requires accurate coastal flood risk (CFR) assessments, which in the case of insular states are often subject to input data with uncertain accuracyuncertainty. We analysed the impact of a number of uncertain inputs on coastal flood damage estimates: (i) significant wave height, (ii) 15 storm surge level and (iii) sea level rise (SLR) contributions to extreme sea levels, as well as the error-driven uncertainty in (iv) bathymetric and (v) topographic datasets, (vi) damage models and (vii) socioeconomic changes. The methodology was tested through a sensitivity analysis using an ensemble of hydrodynamic models (XBeach and SFINCS) coupled with a direct impact model (Delft-FIAT) for a case study of a number of villages on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe. Model results indicate that for the current time horizon, depth damage functions (DDF) and digital elevation model (DEM) 20 dominate the overall damage estimation uncertainty. When introducing climate and socioeconomic uncertainties to the analysis, SLR projections become the most relevant input for the year 2100 (followed by DEM and DDF). In general, the scarcity of reliable input data leads to considerable predictive error uncertainty in CFR assessments in SIDS. The findings of this research can help to prioritise the allocation of limited resources towards the acquisitions of the most relevant input data for reliable impact estimation. 25
A STUDY ON SEPARATION AND CLEANING OF PEANUT SEEDS

The present study was conducted to investigate some engineering parameters affecting separating and cleaning efficiencies for improving sieve unit to be more appropriate for the Egyptian varieties of peanut seed. To achieve this goal, experimental unit was fabricated and constructed in the workshop of Agric. Eng. Dep. , Fac. of Agric. , Suez Canal Univ., Ismailia, Egypt. Some physical and mechanical properties of seeds such as (length, width, thickness and coefficient of friction) were investigated. Four sieve oscillations (250, 275, 300 and 325 cpm), six sieve inclination angles (4°, 2° upward, zero, 2°, 4° and 6° downward) and four feed rates (15, 20, 25 and 30 kg/hr.cm) were studied under aeromechanical separation. The obtained results inducted that, the minimum separation and cleaning efficiencies were 30.0 and 92.5%, respectively at sieve oscillation of 250 cpm, feed rate of 30 kg/h.cm under sieve inclination angle of 4° upward with no seed loss. Meanwhile the maximum separation and cleaning efficiencies were 95.0 and 96.8%, respectively at sieve oscillation of 325 cpm, feed rate of 15 kg/h.cm under sieve inclination angle 6° downward with high seed loss of about 13.8%. To keep seed loss less than 0.5% with adequate separation and cleaning efficiencies about 90.9, 95.8% respectively, prefer to sieve oscillation of 300 cpm with zero inclination angle, and feed rate of 15 kg/h.cm.
The allelopathic effects of Rumex dentatus and Dalbergia sissoo on growth and germination of Brassica campestris L.

The present research work was conducted to acquire the allelopathic effect of Rumex dentatus and Dalbergia sissoo in relevance to germination and growth of Brassica Campestris. Fresh and dry leaves of R. dentatus and D. sissoo (5g, 10g and 15g) were soaked for 24, 48 and 72 hours in 100ml of water and was filtered by using Whatman filter paper no. 1. The prepared extract was used against the test plant by observing its impact on the germination percentage, radicle and plumule length after 72 hours of incubation period at 26°C. The results showed that the extract of D. sissoo effected the radicle length more as compared to plumule length while R. dentatus significantly effected the radicle length, plumule length and germination percentage. Moreover, the results also illustrated that for D. sissoo the inhibitory effects of fresh leaves on the test plant were more pronounced than the dry leaves extract whereas the inhibitory effects of dried leaves extract of R. dentatus on the test plant was more evident than the fresh leaves. The application of R. dentatus dry leaves extract completely suppressed the germination percentage, whereas in the case of fresh leaves minimum germination percentage was recorded 20% in 5g (24hrs soaking duration) as compared to control (95%). In the case of D. sissoo, the fresh and dry leaves extract showed a lesser effect on germination percentage while the application of fresh leaves extract was more inhibitory and showed more reduction in radicle and plumule length. The maximum reduction in the radicle length was recorded (0.12cm) and plumule length (0.05cm) as compared to control 3.98cm and 1.6cm in 24hrs soaking duration. From the results, it was concluded that fresh and dry leaves extract of D. sissoo and R. dentatus significantly reduces germination and growth of B. campestris in comparison to control. The reported inhibitory effects assumed that D. sissoo and R. dentatus had allelopathic potential which inhibited the growth and development of B. campestris.
Bacterial Pathogenetic biology of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea in southern Fujian

The bacterial diseases of net cage cultured Pseudosciaena crocea collected from southern Fujian (Xiamen, Zhangpu and Quanzhou) were investigated. The main pathogen isolated from the ill fish was identified as Vibrio alginolyticus by biochemical、physiological、electron microscopical methods and aritificial infecton. Among 51 drugs tested, the bacteria was high sensitive to 12 drugs such as Chloramphenicolum and Norfloxacinum. The authors also indicated that a suitable ecological environment should be controlled for the fish culture in order to prevent the serious disease to occur.
Imam Zarkasyi’s Modernization of Pesantren in Indonesia (A Case Study of Darussalam Gontor)

This paper aimed at elaborating Imam Zarkasyi’s thought and practices in modernizing the traditional Islamic education called Pesantren. The method employed for this study is descriptive and explanatory research. The data is collected from documents such as books, research article and brochure, and from author observation from time to time. This paper identifies that the educational thought and experiences of Imam Zarkasyi as well as his religious inclination played an important role in his modernization of pesantren . The research also found that Imam Zarkasyi’s thought and practices in modernizing Pesantren system started from his serious observation and evaluation as well as his appreciation of traditional pesantren and madrasah system of education. The step taken by Imam Zarkasyi to modernize the education system was by integrating pesantren and madrasah system. In modernizing curriculum Imam Zarkasyi integrated the formal, non-formal and informal education utilizing pesantren environment. Students are taught not only subjects on religion and general sciences in the classroom, but also obtaining morality, mental and job skill education and other values in pesantren tradition within a well-designed informal and non-formal education. Finally, to ensure the sustainability of pesantren Imam Zarkasyi changed the status of Pesantren institution from personal ownership into public property by way Waqf. The thought had been practically implemented successfully in secondary level and now the Waqf Board started to implement the practice at university level.
Determinants of nestling feeding rates and parental investment in the Mountain Chickadee

The influence of parental sex, brood size, and nestling age in determining the rate of feeding of nestling Mountain Chickadees (Parus gambeli) is examined. Male Mountain Chickadees provide a majority of the food delivered to nestlings. For most of the nestling cycle, the male feeds each nestling a greater volume of food than does the female. His relative share of feeding visits increases with increasing brood size. Although the male's feeding contribution is large, the female predominates in other aspects of parental investment. Throughout the nestling cycle, female nest attendance times are at least twice as long, on average, as the male's. Her attendance time increases as brood size declines. Each nestling in a smaller brood receives a greater volume of food and more feeding visits than counterparts in larger nests. Prey volume per nestling, visits per nestling, size of individual prey, and prey volume per trip all exhibit a rising phase over the initial 5 to 10 days of the nestling cycle followed by a level phase till near fledging time. Load size, however, increases almost continuously throughout the cycle. Three solo measures (number of feeding visits, prey size, and number of prey) were evaluated as estimators of daily prey volume. Effectiveness of any one of these estimators varied between sexes and each of these variables generally explained less than 50% of the variation in daily prey volume returned by an adult. Therefore, care should be taken in equating such estimators to more complex measures of feeding effort like prey volume.
The Influence of Age, Health Care and Hygienic Habits on Candida Species Prevalence in the Human Oral Cavity and Genitourinary Tract

Aims: The present study examined the influence of age, health care and hygienic habits on the prevalence of Candida species in the human oral cavity and genitourinary tract. Study Design: The study was a cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka and Bishop Shanahan Hospital, Nsukka, between March 2006 and February 2007. Methodology: Oral and genitourinary samples were collected from 218 individuals (45 males, 173 females) within the ages of 12 and 67 years. Ninety-four of these volunteers responded to the questionnaire on health care and hygienic habits. The clinical specimen collected were cultured for the presence of Candida species. The data obtained were statistically presented as means and percentages. Results: Out of 298 samples collected, 61/154 oral (19 males, 42 females) and 53/144 genitourinary (0 male, 53 females) samples yielded growth of Candida species. There was no Original Research Article Anaele and Okafor; IJTDH, 41(11): 1-13, 2020; Article no.IJTDH. 60233 2 significant difference in the prevalence of Candida species between subjects who use toothpaste and those who use chewing stick for oral hygiene (P=0.93). Respondents who douched were more colonized with Candida 26(39.39%) than those who did not (0%). Species of Candida were significantly associated with the textile material of the undergarment (p = 0.044). Age significantly influenced the prevalence of Candida species in the oral cavity (p < 0.05) but not in the genitourinary tract (p = 0.612). Conclusion: The study recommends good personal hygiene and health care habits to reduce proliferation of Candida species.
ADVANCES IN HEMATOPOIETIC CELL TRANSPLANTATION Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation donor sources in the 21st century: choosing the ideal donor when a perfect match does not exist

The ability to perform hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) hinges on the availability of a suitable donor. The best donor for HSCT is anHLA-matched sibling or unrelated donor. Unfortunately, on the basis of average family size, less than 30% of patients will have amatched sibling donor.As ethnic diversity increases in Europe and North America, it is imperative to have a strategy to identify an alternative stem cell source when an adult matched unrelated donor (MUD) cannot be identified. At present there are 3 alternative donor options: a partially HLA-mismatched unrelated donor (MMURD), a haploidentical relateddonor, andanumbilical cordblood (UCB) stemcell product. The heterogeneity of patients in observational studies in the literature does not lend itself to direct comparisons of alternative donor sources. Until such studies as the Blood andMarrowTransplant Clinical TrialsNetwork (BMT-CTN) randomized comparison ofUCB and haploidentical transplantation (BMT-CTN 1101, NCT01597778) are complete, physicians are left to cautiously interpret the existing data in making these important decisions. There are patient-related, disease-related, and transplant protocol–related factors that together uniquely affect the clinical outcomes of an individual patient. Here we summarize the existingbodyof evidence inaneffort toguide clinicians in using the current literature to help make a decision on donor source for an individual patient when a matched related donor (MRD) or MUD are unavailable.
Long-Term Irrigation with Saline Water Decreases
Soil Nutrients, Diversity of Bacterial Communities,
and Cotton Yields in a Gray Desert Soil in China

Irrigation with saline water alters the soil environment, thereby influencing soil microbial processes and crop growth. The objective of this field experiment was to compare the effects of long-term irrigation with saline water or freshwater on cotton growth, soil physicochemical properties, and bacterial community structure. High-throughput sequencing of DNA of the 16S rRNA gene was used to assess the composition of bacterial communities. Saline-water irrigation significantly increased soil salinity and significantly decreased pH, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and biomass and yield of cotton. Cotton biomass and yield were negatively correlated with soil salinity but were positively correlated with soil organic matter, and total nitrogen. Compared with fresh water irrigation, irrigation with saline water significantly decreased the Shannon diversity index of the bacterial community. Compared with freshwater irrigation, saline-water irrigation significantly increased the relative abundance of two phyla of bacteria (Gemmatimonadetes and Actinobacteria) and decreased that of two (Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria). In addition, the relative abundance of 5 genera was significantly higher (Sphingomonas, Gemmatimonas, Gaiella, Solirubrobacter, and Nocardioides) and that of 7 was significantly lower (RB41, H16, Haliangium, Nitrospira, Lysobacter, Acidobacteria_bacterium, and Bryobacter) in the saline-water treatment. Soil salinity and pH were the major environmental factors that shaped bacterial communities. According to LEfSe analysis, only 3 indicator species were associated with saline-water irrigation, whereas 5 indicator species were associated with freshwater irrigation. Overall, long-term irrigation with saline water adversely affected soil properties and led to decreases in soil bacterial community diversity and cotton growth and yield. These results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of bacterial communities in saline environments.
Association between IDO activity and prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer after radiotherapy

Background Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a limiting enzyme in the IDO/kynurenine (Kyn) pathway, converts tryptophan (Trp) into Kyn, and plays a significant role in immune suppression and tumor immune evasion. This study aimed to investigate the association between IDO activity and clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who underwent radiotherapy (RT). Methods Serum Kyn and Trp levels were measured in 104 NSCLC patients by high-performance liquid chromatography at baseline, and the following RT. The correlation between IDO activity, as computed by Kyn: Trp ratios and survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox proportional hazard models are used in the univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Both the Kyn levels and Kyn:Trp ratios were reduced after RT at a biologically equivalent dose (BED) of <70 Gy, while these increased at a BED of ≥70 Gy. Post/pre-Kyn levels were positively correlated with an objective response. Patients with a higher Kyn:Trp ratio pre-RT had the worse median progression-free survival (mPFS, 13.5 vs. 24.5 months, P=0.049). Higher post/pre-Kyn:Trp ratios were correlated with improved median overall survival (mOS, 23.8 months vs. not reached, P=0.032). On the multivariate analysis, pre-RT Kyn:Trp and post/pre-Kyn:Trp ratios remained as independent predictive factors for PFS and OS, respectively. Conclusions It was proved that RT could alter IDO-mediated immune activity and establish strong correlations between IDO activity and survival outcomes in NSCLC patients treated with RT. These present findings suggest that the profiling of IDO activity might allow for the prompt adjustment of RT doses and better predict patient response to RT.
Molecular scale ion separation driven by surface roughness and ion size asymmetry: new analytical solutions for differential capacitance of EDL

Electrode surface roughness significantly impacts the structure of electric double layer on a molecular scale. We derive analytical solutions for differential capacitance (DC) of electric double layer near rough electrode surface, comparing them with a range of experimental and numerical studies. Two causes of ions separation are considered: ion size asymmetry and electrode surface roughness. The model has three scale parameters determining DC properties: the Debye length, difference of ion penetration depths, and surface roughness parameter. For the first time, DC profile with more than two peaks was obtained analytically due to account for ions reorientation effect. The model predicts DC curve transform from bell to camel and inverse induced by electrode surface roughness. The behavior of DC-potential relation with temperature and ion size ratio diverges depending on the type of ions separation. Additionally, we provide analytical solutions for zero charge potential and demonstrate roughness effect on its value. Based on the results, we give recommendations for properties required to design effective electric double layer capacitors.
The Work Agentic Capabilities (WAC) Questionnaire: Validation of a New Measure

Agentic capabilities refer to the basic capabilities of mind that, according to social cognitive theory, allow people to proactively influence their functioning and external context. This study presents a new scale, namely the Work Agentic Capabilities (WAC) questionnaire, that consists of 28 items and measures forethought capability, self-regulation capability, self-reflection capability and vicarious capability in the organizational context. Accordingly, an exploratory (N = 290) and a confirmatory factor analysis (N = 300) demonstrated a four-factor structure. Agentic capabilities were positively correlated with psychological capital and its dimensions i.e., self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resiliency), positive job attitudes (work engagement and job satisfaction), proactive organizational behaviours (job crafting and organizational citizenship behaviours), perceived job performance, and promotion prospects. Finally, we discuss meaningful differences in the mean values of agentic capabilities associated with sociodemographic and organizational variables. Results suggest that the WAC questionnaire can be reliably used to measure agentic capabilities.
PREVALENCE OF HIV COINFECTION IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS AMONG DRUG ABUSERS IN NORTHERN INDIA

Background: The intricate linkage of HIV with TB and substance drug abuse, and its convergence with incarceration pose a massive challenge to the clinical and programmatic management of HIV-related TB, particularly in settings in which injecting drug use is driving the HIV epidemic. Objective: Present study was planned to know the prevalence of HIV TB patients amongst drug abusers and their clinical and radiological findings. Methods: It was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted over a period of one year from March 2018 to February 2019 in Pulmonary medicine and psychiatry department of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Punjab where 310 drug abuser with microbiologically confirmed TB were screened for HIV. Results: Out of 310 drug abusers with TB cases, HIV serology was positive in 65 (21.0%) cases. HIV was significantly more common in study subject with IV drug abuse compared to those who did not take IV drugs. Conclusion: Prevalence of HIV coinfection is very high in TB patients among drug abusers so all TB patients with history of drug abuse should be asked regarding their risk factors for HIV infection and counselled to undergo HIV testing.
Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter)

Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) (Poaceae) is an annual crop with a very tiny grain. The crop is mainly cultivated in Ethiopia and Eritrea where it is used in preparing a pancake-like staple food called injera. Teff grain is the smallest of all whole flour grains in the world with a length of about 1.0 mm and a width of about 0.60 mm. The popularity of the crop is rapidly increasing throughout the world because of its attractive nutritional and functional properties. Thus, the crop is being successfully introduced and cultivated in many parts of the world including the USA, Canada, Australia, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. The growing global demand for the grain is due to its gluten-free nature, high level of essential amino acids (EAA), high mineral content, low glycemic index (GI), high crude fiber content, longer shelf life, and slow staling of its bread products compared to that of wheat, sorghum, rice, barley, and maize. The grain is linked to several health benefits including prevention and treatment of diseases such as celiac disease, diabetes, and anemia. These call for huge research opportunities to explore the nutritional and functional properties of the grain.
Information Spillover and Demand Shock Effect of the IPOs on the Stock Price of the Competitors: Evidence From the Korean Stock Market

This paper examines the impact of IPOs on the stock prices of competing companies in the same industry in the Korean stock market. By observing the stock price responses of competitors at the time of IPO announcement and listing, this study attempts to separately examine the effect of IPO's information transfer and its impact on the stock demand of competitors. Before and after the IPO announcement, the stock prices of competitors did not change significantly. On the other hand, during the period surrounding the IPO stock listing, the stock price of competitors showed a significantly negative decline. This suggests that as the IPO stock related information was revealed through the public offering process, it negatively affected the stock price of competing companies. Also, the listing of IPO stocks seems to have adversely affected the stock demand for competing companies. In particular, among the effects of information transfer, the competitive effect is overwhelming, and the factors that influence relative competitiveness in the industry between competitors and an IPO company, such as operating profitability and R&D investment, are found to have a substantial influence on the share price of competitors.