Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prognostic and Therapeutic Utility of Variably Expressed Cell Surface Receptors in Osteosarcoma

Background Six cell surface receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor (IR), c-Met, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), previously demonstrated variable expression across varying patient-derived and standard osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines. The current study sought to validate previous expression patterns and evaluate whether these receptors offer prognostic and/or therapeutic value. Methods Patient-derived OS cell lines (n = 52) were labeled with antibodies to Her-2, PDGFR-β, IGF-1R, IR, c-Met, and VEGFR-3. Expression was characterized using flow cytometry. The difference in geometric mean fluorescent intensity (geoMFIdiff = geoMFIpositive − geoMFInegative) was calculated for each receptor across all cell lines. Receptor expression was categorized as low (Q1), intermediate (Q2, Q3), or high (Q4). The event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival for the six cell surface receptors were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Differences in hazard for EFS event and overall survival event for patients in each of the three expression levels in each of the six cell surface receptors were assessed using the log-rank test. Results All 6 receptors were variably expressed in the majority of cell lines. IR and PDGFR-β expressions were found to be significant predictors for EFS amongst patients with nonmetastatic disease (p=0.02 and 0.01, respectively). The hazard ratio for EFS was significantly higher between high IR and intermediate IR expression (HR = 2.66, p=0.02), as well as between high PDGFR-β and intermediate PDGFR-β expression (HR = 5.68, p=0.002). Her-2, c-Met, IGF-1R, and VEGFR-3 were not found to be significant predictors for either EFS or overall survival. Conclusion The six cell surface receptors demonstrated variable expression across the majority of patient-derived OS cell lines tested. Limited prognostic value was offered by IR and PDGFR-β expression within nonmetastatic patients. The remaining receptors do not provide clear prognostic utility. Nevertheless, their consistent, albeit variable, surface expression across a large panel of patient-derived OS cell lines maintains their potential use as future therapeutic targets.
Quantitative Estimation of Aluminum-Induced Negative Charge Region Top Area of SiO2 Based on Frequency-Dependent AC Surface Photovoltage

Most aluminum (Al) in Al-contaminated and thermally oxidized n-type silicon (Si) dioxide (SiO2) is clarified to be segregated at the very top area of SiO2, causing a negative charge, as has been suggested by the formation of an (AlOSi)- network and/or AlO2- based on AC surface photovoltage (SPV). For a strongly inverted state at an oxidation temperature of 800 °C for 1 h, the thickness of the Al-induced negative charge region is quantitatively determined to be 2.4 nm on the basis of AC SPV after successive step etching and chemical analysis. As oxidation duration increased at 800 °C for 3 h, the strongly inverted state changed into a weakly inverted state, where the thickness of the Al-rich region is reduced (0.8 nm), proving that more than half of the (AlOSi)- network collapse and/or Al diffuses inside SiO2 during a longer oxidation duration.
Passivity of Dual-Phase Carbon Steel with Ferrite and Martensite Phases in pH 8.4 Boric Acid-Borate Buffer Solution

Passivity of a dual-phase carbon steel with ferrite and martensite phases was investigated in pH 8.4 boric acid-borate buffer solution. The corrosion potential of the dual-phase steel was higher than that of pure martensitic steel and lower than that of pure ferritic steel. In dynamic polarization measurements, the passivity-maintaining current of the dual-phase steel was an intermediate value of those of pure ferritic and martensitic steels. EIS revealed that both the charge transfer resistance and capacitance of the oxide ﬁlm formed on the dual-phase steel were intermediate between those of pure ferritic and martensitic steels. Although the donor density in the oxide ﬁlm of the dual-phase steel was similar to that of pure ferritic steel, it was smaller than that of pure martensitic steel. SECM showed that the passive ﬁlm formed on the martensite phase of the dual-phase steel had better electronic conductivity than that of the passive ﬁlm formed on the ferrite phase. These differences in local passivity of the dual-phase steel suggested that the passive ﬁlm formed on the ferrite phase has better passivity but larger scattering of the property than that of the passive ﬁlm on the martensite phase. The local passivity of the dual-phase steel was strongly dependent on the texture of the substrate material.
Corrigendum to "Pre-industrial to end 21st century projections of tropospheric ozone from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP)" published in Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2063–2090, 2013

P. J. Young1,2,*, A. T. Archibald 3,4, K. W. Bowman5, J.-F. Lamarque6, V. Naik7, D. S. Stevenson 8, S. Tilmes6, A. Voulgarakis9, O. Wild10, D. Bergmann11, P. Cameron-Smith11, I. Cionni12, W. J. Collins13,** , S. B. Dalsøren14, R. M. Doherty8, V. Eyring15, G. Faluvegi16, L. W. Horowitz 17, B. Josse18, Y. H. Lee16, I. A. MacKenzie8, T. Nagashima19, D. A. Plummer20, M. Righi15, S. T. Rumbold13, R. B. Skeie14, D. T. Shindell16, S. A. Strode21,22, K. Sudo23, S. Szopa24, and G. Zeng25
Decreases in Soil Microbial Function and Functional Diversity in Response to Depleted Uranium

A soil microcosm experiment was used to analyze effects of depleted uranium (DU) on soil function, and the concomitant changes in bacterial functional diversity. Uranium treatment levels were 0, 50, 500, 5000, 10,000 and 25,000 mg DU kg{sup {minus}1} soil. Three measures of soil function were made. Overall soil biological activity was assessed via measurement of soil respiration. Decomposition was assessed by measurement of mass loss of four different plant litter types: wood sticks, cellulose paper, high-N grass, and low-N grass. Mineral N availability in the microcosms was estimated using ion-exchange resin bags. Functional diversity of the microcosms was analyzed through the use of the Biolog-system of sole-C-utilization patterns. Soil respiration was the most sensitive measure of functional changes, with significant decreases observed starting at the 500 mg kg{sup {minus}1} treatment. No differences in N availability were observed across the U treatments. Litter decomposition was significantly decreased at the 25,000 mg kg{sup {minus}1} level relative to the control for all litter types except the high-N grass. Wood decomposition was reduced by 84% at the 25,000 mg kg{sup {minus}} treatment, cellulose paper by 68%, and low-N grass by 15%. Decreases in the functional diversity of the bacterial community were related tomore » the observed decrease in soil respiration, and to the greater effect on decomposition of the lower-quality litter types. « less
Evolution of the Ultrafast Photoluminescence of Colloidal Silicon Nanocrystals with Changing Surface Chemistry

The role of surface species in the optical properties of silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) is the subject of intense debate. Changes in photoluminescence (PL) energy following hydrosilylation of SiNCs with alkyl-terminated surfaces are most often ascribed to enhanced quantum confinement in the smaller cores of oxidized NCs or to oxygen-induced defect emission. We have investigated the PL properties of alkyl-functionalized SiNCs prepared using two related methods: thermal and photochemical hydrosilylation. Photochemically functionalized SiNCs exhibit higher emission energies than the thermally functionalized equivalent. While microsecond lifetime emission attributed to carrier recombination within the NC core was observed from all samples, much faster, size-independent nanosecond lifetime components were only observed in samples prepared using photochemical hydrosilylation that possessed substantial surface oxidation. In addition, photochemically modified SiNCs exhibit higher absolute photoluminescent quantum y.
Pupillary and Microsaccadic Responses to Cognitive Effort and Emotional Arousal During Complex Decision Making

A large body of literature documents the sensitivity of pupil response to cognitive load (1)and emotional arousal (2). Recent empirical evidence also showed that microsaccade characteristics and dynamics can be modulated by mental fatigue and cognitive load (3). Very little is known about the sensitivity of microsaccadic characteristics to emotional arousal. The present paper demonstrates in a controlled experiment pupillary and microsaccadic responses to information processing during multi-attribute decision making under affective priming. Twenty-one psychology students were randomly assigned into three affective priming conditions (neutral, aversive, and erotic). Participants were tasked to make several discriminative decisions based on acquired cues. In line with the expectations, results showed microsaccadic rate inhibition and pupillary dilation depending on cognitive effort (number of acquired cues) prior to decision. These effects were moderated by affective priming. Aversivepriming strengthened pupillary and microsaccadic response to information processing effort.In general, results suggest that pupillary response is more biased by affective priming than microsaccadic rate. The results are discussed in the light of neuropsychological mechanisms of pupillary and microsaccadic behavior generation.
472 - Santa Isabel Program for psycho-motor function in normal and pathological aging during current times of COVID-19 confinement in a long-term care

Since its appearance, the COVID-19 pandemic has generated a state of alarm worldwide. Extraordinary confinement measures, only seen in times of war, have been implemented to halt the fast viral transmission, the consequent stress and overload of health systems and, mostly, the dead of the most vulnerable people. Physical and social isolation has changed the lifestyle we are used to, affecting our mood and mental health at a general level. However, the group of greatest risk and vulnerability are the elder age group, due to their higher incidence of frailty, their immunosenescence and comorbidities. Also, in this elder group of the population, the consequences of social isolation may be worse to handle, especially in those who live alone and do not have a family or a strong community bond. In the case of long-term institutionalized patients, these clinical scenarios are struggling to maintain their rehabilitation and care programs while desperately adapting to the dramatic situations due to the severe impact of COVID -19 in these care settings. To address this complex scenario, we developed and implemented the Santa Isabel Program, a series of recommendations for long-term care with the aim of guiding and promoting routines, activities and habits to help maintenance of psycho -motor function of older people during the state of alarm and thereafter. The Santa Isabel Program was defined as a general therapeutic resource with the selection of different modalities of physical activity (daily walk, adapted gymnastics and dance) and functional cognitive activity (meditation, relaxation, memory and attention). Chronogram, time and intensity levels were of adjustable dosage to respond to the needs and requirements of the elder people according to the severity and type of physical or cognitive impairment. In addition, specific indications were developed for cases of people with cognitive pathology (dementia). These guidelines were prepared for the professional team and support staff, in order to provide tools that allow them to resolve complex situations such as BPSD, the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Finally, audiovisual support sessions and video calls were incorporated to allow interaction with residents and the health team, safeguarding the COVID-19 infection prevention measures.
ERODIBILITY AND SEDIMENT YIELD BY NATURAL RAINFALL FROM RECONSTRUCTED MINE SOILS

Standard erosion plots, 4.6 m × 22.1 m with a 9% slope, were established at the Alston Surface Mine in Ohio County, Kentucky. Topsoil, subsoil, and mine spoil were reconstructed according to contemporary reclamation techniques using bulldozers and scraper pans. The following parameters were evaluated under natural rainfall conditions: runoff, erodibility, and sediment yield. Mine spoil yielded significantly greater runoff volumes, compared with reconstructed topsoil and subsoil. Average curve numbers (CN) were 89.1, 90.1, and 94.7 for bare topsoil, subsoil, and mine spoil, respectively. The subsoil plot generated the largest amount of sediment and was significantly more erodible than topsoil and mine spoil. The average annual erodibility (K) factor was . 046 for topsoil, . 067 for subsoil, and . 051 for mine spoil, with units of Mg ha h (ha MJ mm)−1. Erodibility of the mine spoil in this study was more than twice that measured from an earlier rainfall simulation study at this same site. Differences in the degree of physical weathering were believed to be the primary contributing factor and, therefore, have important implications when assessing the erodibility of highly weathered spoil materials (e.g., abandoned mine lands). Compared with the soil interpretation record's K factor estimate for the soil series evaluated in this study, the reconstructed topsoil was not inherently more erodible than when existing in its natural, undisturbed condition. Therefore, factors that the mine operator can control (e.g., slope, vegetative cover, management practices) will likely have a greater impact on whether erosion losses from reconstructed soils are significantly greater than losses that occur under pre-mining conditions.
PROCESSING AND STORAGE OF CARBONATED GUAVA BEVERAGE

Guava cv. 'Allahabad Safeda' was crushed and treated with pectic enzymes at 0.1% concentration (w/v), incubated for 1 h at 40-50C and the liquefied juice having 10.8 degrees Brix and 0.65% acidity was used for carbonation. The juice was converted into sugar syrup base having 40% guava juice at 40 degrees Brix and 1% acidity. After dosing 50 ml of it into a glass bottle (200ml capacity) filled with chilled (4-6C) carbonated water at 80 psi pressure of CO2 gas, the bottle was sealed with crown cork and heat processed at 60C for 30 min. The carbonated guava beverage could be stored for 3 months at room (23-41C) and low (3-5C) temperatures and was found acceptable with respect to color, flavor and overall quality. Heat processing improved the flavor of the carbonated guava beverage, and the beverage contained no detectible microbes.
Overtone spectroscopy and thermal lens detection limit of methane in cryo-solutions

The overtone spectra of methane solutions from 5000 cm−1 to 17000 cm−1 in liquid nitrogen and liquid argon are presented. The region between 5000 and 15000 cm−1 has been measured using a Fourier transform spectrophotometer with methane concentrations between 0.41% and 37% in mole fraction. The thermal lens technique (TLS) was used to measure the fifth overtone, not observed with the Fourier transform spectrophotometer. For a fixed concentration, maximization of the TLS signal with low modulation frequency and high laser power of excitation is shown. Time-dependent signal profiles of single-beam thermal lens experiments are analysed with the parabolic and aberrant lens models. Fitting parameters are obtained from the time-dependent signals. The absorption coefficient of methane was calculated from the fitting parameters and thermo-optical properties of the solvent. The calculated absorption coefficient of the Δυ = 6 transition of methane is 1.7 × 10−3 cm−1, which is in good agreement with literature values. A limit of detection is calculated with measurements of the fifth overtone absorption of methane in liquid nitrogen for solutions of concentration from 0.012% to 0.36% in mole fraction. Calculated limits of detection are 54 ppm and 15 ppm according to two different definitions of limit of detection for the thermal lens technique.
Heart-type fatty acid binding protein predicts cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a prospective cohort study

Background Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) has been reported to be a prognostic predictor for cardiovascular outcome in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, its prognostic utility in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been well established. The aim of this study was to assess the association between H-FABP with the severity of coronary disease and cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with stable CAD. Methods A total of 4,370 angiography-proven CAD patients were consecutively enrolled. The severity of CAD was assessed by Gensini Score (GS) and the numbers of diseased vessels. The CVEs included cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke and coronary revascularization. Cox regression analysis with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to evaluate the relation of H-FABP to CVEs in this cohort. Results During a median follow-up of 51 months, 353 CVEs occurred. Overall, patients in the highest levels of H-FABP group had increased rate of multi-vessel stenosis and higher GS compared with those in the lowest group (P<0.05, respectively). Moreover, H-FABP levels were significantly higher in patients with events compared to those without (P<0.001). In Cox regression analysis, elevated H-FABP levels were found to be independently associated with a high risk of CVEs [adjusted HRs: 1.453; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.040–2.029, P=0.028], especially with cardiovascular death (adjusted HRs: 2.865; 95% CI: 1.315–6.243, P=0.008). Conclusions Our results demonstrated that H-FABP was also a useful predictor for CVEs in patients with stable CAD, which needed to be verified by further studies.
Digital X-ray Imaging Technique to Study the Horizontal Injection of Gas-Liquid Jets into Fluidized Beds

Gas-liquid jets injected into fluidized beds of particles/catalyst find applications in many industrial processes. The effective distribution and mixing of the feed droplets with the entrained bed particles is vital in improving the process efficiency. The present study utilizes a sophisticated digital X-ray imaging system to study the internal flow structure of jets injected into fluidized beds. The system is equipped with an X-ray image intensifier (XRII) and optical detectors, which convert the transmitted X-ray photons into digital images of up to 60 frames s-1. The imaging technique provides useful information such as the jet expansion angle and the penetration distance. These are functional quantities in optimizing the performance of feed nozzles, and in modeling the jet-fluidized bed interactions.In this work, the horizontal injection of gas, gas-liquid, and liquid jets into fluidized beds is investigated. The results indicate that the jet expansion (half-angle) is considerably reduced for a gas-liquid jet (5-7 degrees) when compared to that of a gas jet (10-15 degrees). The gas-liquid jet also appears to penetrate more than a gas jet with the same momentum. When a liquid feed is introduced into a fluidized bed of particles, the particles may agglomerate if they are wet-enough to form liquid bridges. Improper feed distribution may be a direct contributor to enhanced agglomeration. In this regard, radio-opaque tracers mixed with the feed liquid are injected to track the formation and the movement of agglomerates. The tracer experiments show that the agglomerates are generated at the end of the jet region, close to its maximum penetration distance. A brief discussion on the modifications required to achieve improved contrast for the acquired images, and the effect of some important X-ray parameters are also included in the present study.
Crystallization behavior of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane at 298 K and quantitative analysis of mixtures of its polymorphs by FTIR

The crystallization behavior of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) has been investigated at 298 K. Only the β form crystallized at the initial stage of crystallization, and it converted to the e form with a solution-mediated transformation mechanism. Through the measurement of the solubilities of each polymorph (β and e) at 298 K, it was confirmed that the e form is stable and the β form is metastable. In addition, an analytical method has been developed for the determination of the fraction of the e form in the precipitates using a FTIR spectrometer.
Subretinal versus intravitreal administration of human CD34+ bone marrow-derived stem cells in a rat model of inherited retinal degeneration

Background To evaluate whether subretinal or intravitreal injection of human CD34+ bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) can have protective effects on retinal degeneration that may be enhanced by coadministration of exosomes harvested from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods Human CD34+ cells were harvested from the mononuclear cell fraction of bone marrow using magnetic beads and labeled with EGFP. Exosomes were harvested from cultured human MSCs under hypoxic conditions. Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) 3-weeks-old rats, immunosuppressed with cyclosporine A, received subretinal or intravitreal injection of CD34+ cells (50,000 cells), CD34+ cells with exosomes (50,000 cells+10 µg), exosomes alone (10 µg), or PBS. Retinal function was examined using electroretinography (ERG), and the eyes were harvested for histologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Results The b-wave amplitude of ERG at 2 weeks after injection was significantly higher in eyes with subretinal or intravitreal CD34+ BMSC alone or in combination with exosomes when compared to PBS injected eyes or untreated contralateral eyes. At 4 weeks after injection, the ERG signal decreased in all groups but eyes with subretinal CD34+ BMSCs alone or combined with exosomes showed partially preserved ERG signal and preservation of the outer nuclear layer of the retina near the injection site on histology when compared to eyes with PBS injection. Immunohistochemical analysis identified the human cells in the outer retina. Subretinal or intravitreal exosome injection had no effect on retinal degeneration when administered alone or in combination with CD34+ cells. Conclusions Both subretinal and intravitreal injection of human CD34+ BMSCs can provide functional rescue of degenerating retina, although the effects were attenuated over time in this rat model. Regional preservation of the outer retina can occur near the subretinal injection site of CD34+ cells. These results suggest that CD34+ cells may have therapeutic potential in retinal degeneration.
Chain Transfer to Polymer: A Convenient Route to Macromonomers

Two effective and well-known methods for the preparation of macromonomers are the use of radical addition-fragmentation chain transfer agents (e.g., allyl sulfides)6 and catalytic chain transfer (CCT) with cobalt complexes.7-10 Recently, the scope of the CCT process has been expanded by demonstrating how cobalt complexes can be used to prepare macromonomers based on, among others, acrylates and styrene by copolymerizing these monomers in the presence of R-methylsubstituted comonomers, such as R-methylstyrene and methyl methacrylate.11 We now wish to report on a new process leading to macromonomers of structure 2 and 3 based on monosubstituted monomers which does not require the use of an added chain transfer agent or an R-methyl-substituted vinyl monomer as comonomer.12 In this communication, we describe the preparation of polyacrylate and polystyrene macromonomers using this process.