Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New genomic resources provide insights into the recent evolutionary adaptation of Antirrhinum lineage and multiomics investigation of S-locus

Multi-allelic S-locus, containing pistil S-RNase and dozens of S-locus F-box (SLF), is known to take responsibility for genetic control of self-incompatibility (SI) in Plantaginaceae. Loss of SI is a prerequisite for mating system transition from self-incompatible to self-compatible, which is very frequent in flowering plants. The transition to selfing is excepted to have noticeable effects on adaptive potential and genome evolution. However, there have been limited comparative studies on the evolutionary shift and S-locus from genome-wide perspective due to lack of high-quality genomic data to date. The genus Antirrhinum has long been used as model plant to study self- incompatibility, here, through integrating sequencing data from multiple platforms, we present the chromosome-level reference and haplotype- resolved genome assembly of an A.hispanicum line, AhS7S8. Comparative genomics approach revealed that the self-incompatible A.hispanicum diverged from its self-compatible relative A.majus approximately 3.6 million years ago (Mya) just after Zanclean flood. The expanded gene families enriched in distinct functional terms implied quite different evolutionary trajectory of outcrossing and selfing snapdragon, and contributed to the adaptation of snapdragon with different mating system. Particularly, we successfully reconstructed two complete S-haplotypes spanning ∼1.2Mb, each consists of 32 SLFs and a S-RNase, as well as a pseudo S-haplotype from self-compatible A.majus. Multiple copies of SLFs derived from proximal or tandem duplication via retroelement-mediated way at a very early time, announcing the ancient history of S-locus. Furthermore, we detected a candidate cis-transcription factor associated with regulating SLFs expression, and two miRNAs may control expression of this TF in a higher position. In general, our abundant genomic data provide excellent resources to study mating system transition of snapdragon, and facilitate the functional genomics and evolutional research of S-RNase based self-incompatibility system.
Efficient Space-Time Signalling Schemes: Coherent and Non-Coherent Scenarios

In this thesis we develop new practical transmission and detection techniques for wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems operating over frequency-flat block Rayleigh fading channels. Both the coherent scenario where the fading coefficients are known at the receiver but not at the transmitter and the non-coherent scenario where these coefficients are not known at either the transmitter or the receiver are considered. For coherent systems, we develop a design method for a class of codes known as Linear Dispersion (LD) codes. This class of codes subsumes several standard designs and can be used with systems that have an arbitrary number of transmit and receive antennas. We show that for systems that employ a large number of transmit antennas, LD codes constructed from random unitary coding matrices become asymptotically optimum from different design perspectives, viz., Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), mutual information and average Pairwise Error Probability (PEP). Those measures have a direct impact on the detection complexity, data rate and error performance that a space-time code can achieve. Using the insight generated by the asymptotic result, we provide a structured design technique for these codes that suits a broad class of finite configurations. Although our main result is based on large systems, we demonstrate via simulations that even for small systems, our codes can support higher data rates and provide performance advantages over known designs.
Proton thermal energetics in the solar wind: Helios reloaded

The proton thermal energetics in the slow solar wind between 0.3 and 1 AU is reinvestigated using the Helios 1 and 2 data, complementing a similar analysis for the fast solar wind [Hellinger et al., 2011]. The results for slow and fast solar winds are compared and discussed in the context of previous results. Protons need to be heated in the perpendicular direction with respect to the ambient magnetic field from 0.3 to 1 AU. In the parallel direction, protons need to be cooled at 0.3 AU, with a cooling rate comparable to the corresponding perpendicular heating rate; between 0.3 and 1 AU, the required cooling rate decreases until a transition to heating occurs: by 1 AU the protons require parallel heating, with a heating rate comparable to that required to sustain the perpendicular temperature. The heating/cooling rates (per unit volume) in the fast and slow solar winds are proportional to the ratio between the proton kinetic energy and the expansion time. On average, the protons need to be heated and the necessary heating rates are comparable to the energy cascade rate of the magnetohydrodynamic turbulence estimated from the stationary Kolmogorov‐Yaglom law at 1 AU; however, in the expanding solar wind, the stationarity assumption for this law is questionable. The turbulent energy cascade may explain the average proton energetics (although the stationarity assumption needs to be justified) but the parallel cooling is likely related to microinstabilities connected with the structure of the proton velocity distribution function. This is supported by linear analysis based on observed data and by results of numerical simulations.
The unequal impact of COVID-19: An analysis of mobility behaviors of socially vulnerable populations

Various policies to limit people’s mobility such as restricting travels, working from home, and closing nonessential business have been implemented to mitigate the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, little has been done to understand what adverse effects these policies may have on socially vulnerable populations who are put more at risk of being exposed to COVID-19 due to their socioeconomic status and inability to work from home. Recent studies have revealed health inequity and social injustice in the impact of COVID-19 in terms of cases and deaths (Karaye & Horney, 2020; Khazanchi et al., 2020). Further studies have shown the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on low income (Weill et al., 2020), Blacks (Gaynor & Wilson, 2020), and immigrants groups (Clark et al., 2020), and these inequities vary significantly between different neighborhoods (Coelho et al., 2020; Mansour et al., 2021; Sannigrahi et al., 2020). These inequities have been linked with not only the socio-demographic composition but also the urban and rural divide (Khazanchi et al., 2020). To advance our understanding of these inequities, there is a need to consider these population groups and their neighborhoods within the lens of human activity and mobility behaviors. To estimate the unequal exposure to COVID-19, existing studies have used mobility measures such as home-dwelling times (Fu & Zhai, 2021; Hu et al., 2022; Huang et al., 2022) and travel distances (Iio et al., 2021) from anonymous mobile phone location data. However, these measures still capture the static notions of population behavior like any other census demographics and disregard the connectivity and spatial structural patterns embedded within the network of human mobility. A few studies have used mobility measures to reveal structural patterns in mobility data (Iio et al., 2021; Pepe et al., 2020; Wang & Taylor, 2016), but they fail to consider the patterns of different socio-economic classes, which exhibit substantial geographical variation.
Scattering and inverse scattering for steplike potentials in the Schrödinger equation

On etudie les problemes avant et inverses dans la theorie de la diffusion de l'equation de Schrodinger: −y″+ν(x)y=k 2 y, x∈R avec des potentiels en echelon ν(x) qui sont asymptotiques a differentes constantes quand x→+∞, −∞
Theory & Methods: A parametric empirical Bayes approach to the analysis of capture‐recapture experiments

Empirical Bayes methods and a bootstrap bias adjustment procedure are used to estimate the size of a closed population when the individual capture probabilities are independently and identically distributed with a Beta distribution. The method is examined in simulations and applied to several well‐known datasets. The simulations show the estimator performs as well as several other proposed parametric and non‐parametric estimators.
SPHS: Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics with a higher order dissipation switch

We present a novel implementation of smoothed particle hydrodynamics that uses the spatial derivative of the velocity divergence as a higher order dissipation switch. Our switch – which is second order accurate – detects flow convergence before it occurs. If particle trajectories are going to cross, we switch on the usual SPH artificial viscosity, as well as conservative dissipation in all advected fluid quantities (e.g. the entropy). The viscosity and dissipation terms (that are numerical errors) are designed to ensure that all fluid quantities remain single valued as particles approach one another, to respect conservation laws, and to vanish on a given physical scale as the resolution is increased. SPHS alleviates a number of known problems with ‘classic’ SPH, successfully resolving mixing, and recovering numerical convergence with increasing resolution. An additional key advantage is that – treating the particle mass similarly to the entropy – we are able to use multimass particles, giving significantly improved control over the refinement strategy. We present a wide range of code tests including the Sod shock tube, Sedov–Taylor blast wave, Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability, the ‘blob test’ and some convergence tests. Our method performs well on all tests, giving good agreement with analytic expectations.
Radio polarization and magnetic field structure in M 101

We observed total and polarized radio continuum emission from the spiral galaxy M 101 at 6.2 cm and 11.1 cm wavelengths with the Effelsberg telescope. We use these data to study various emission components in M 101 and properties of the magnetic field. Separation of thermal and non-thermal emission shows that the thermal emission is closely correlated with the spiral arms, while the non-thermal emission is more smoothly distributed indicating diffusion of cosmic ray electrons away from their places of origin. The radial distribution of both emissions has a break near R=16 kpc, where it steepens to an exponential scale length of about 5 kpc, which is about 2.5 times smaller than at R<16 kpc. The distribution of the polarized emission has a broad maximum near R=12 kpc and beyond R=16 kpc also decreases with about 5 kpc scalelength. It seems that near R=16 kpc a major change in the structure of M 101 takes place, which also affects the distributions of the strength of the random and ordered magnetic field. Beyond R=16 kpc the radial scale length of both fields is about 20 kpc, which implies that they decrease to about 0.3 \mu G at R=70 kpc, which is the largest optical extent. The equipartition strength of the total field ranges from nearly 10 \mu G at R<2 kpc to 4 \mu G at R=22-24 kpc. As the random field dominates in M 101, wavelength-independent polarization is the main polarization mechanism. We show that energetic events causing HI shells of mean diameter <625 pc could partly be responsible for this. At radii <24 kpc, the random magnetic field depends on the star formation rate per area with a power-law exponent of 0.28+-0.02. The ordered magnetic field is generally aligned with the spiral arms with pitch angles that are about 8{\deg} larger than those of HI filaments.
Adiponectin/leptin ratio - a marker of insulin sensitivity in pre-eclampsia and fetal growth

The serum adiponectin-leptin ratio (A/L ratio) is a surrogate marker of insulin sensitivity. Pre-eclampsia (PE) is associated with maternal metabolic syndrome and occasionally impaired fetal growth. We assessed whether the A/L ratio in first-trimester maternal serum was associated with PE and/or birth weight. Adiponectin and leptin were quantitated in first-trimester blood samples (gestational week 10+3-13+6) from 126 women who later developed PE with proteinuria, (98 mild PE; 21 severe PE; 7 HELLP syndrome), and 297 controls, recruited from the Copenhagen First-Trimester Screening Study. The A/L ratio was reduced in PE pregnancies, median 0.17 (IQR: 0.12-0.27) compared to controls, median 0.32 (IQR: 0.19-0.62), (p<0.001). A multiple logistic regression showed that PE was negatively associated with A/L ratio independent of maternal BMI (odds ratio = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.0322 to 0.214). Adiponectin (AUC = 0.632) and PAPP-A (AUC = 0.605) were negatively, and leptin (AUC = 0.712) was positively associated with PE. However, the A/L ratio was a better predictor of PE (AUC = 0.737). No significant association was found between A/L ratio and clinical severity of pre-eclampsia or preterm birth. PE was associated with significantly lower relative birth weight, (p<0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between relative birth weight and A/L ratio in controls but not in PE pregnancies, ({beta} = -0.144, 95% CI = -9.944 to -0.093), independent of maternal BMI. After correction for maternal BMI, leptin was significantly associated with relative birth weight, ({beta} = 0.197, 95 % CI = 2.361 to 14.353), while adiponectin was not significantly associated. Our findings suggest that an impairment of the A/L ratio (as seen in metabolic syndrome) in first-trimester is characteristic of PE, while aberrant fetal growth in PE is not dependent on insulin sensitivity but rather on leptin associated pathways.
Hydrodynamic simulations of oscillating shock waves in a sub-Keplerian accretion flow around black holes

We study the accretion processes on a black hole by a numerical simulation. We use a grid-based finite difference code for this purpose. We scan the parameter space spanned by the specific energy and the angular momentum and compare the time-dependent solutions with those obtained from theoretical considerations. We found several important results. (a) The time-dependent flow behaves close to a constant height model flow in the pre-shock region and a flow with vertical equilibrium in the post-shock region. (c) The infall time-scale in the post-shock region is several times higher than the free-fall time-scale. (b) There are two discontinuities in the flow, one being just outside of the inner sonic point. Turbulence plays a major role in determining the locations of these discontinuities. (d) The two discontinuities oscillate with two different frequencies and behave as a coupled harmonic oscillator. A Fourier analysis of the variation of the outer shock location indicates higher power at the lower frequency and lower power at the higher frequency. The opposite is true when the analysis of the inner shock is made. These behaviours will have implications in the spectral and timing properties of black hole candidates.
Ethnicity-Specific Effects on Cardiac Arrest During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Two-Year Prospective Evaluation in a North American Community

Background: Out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a major public health problem with mortality >90%, and incidence has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Information regarding ethnicity-specific effects on SCA incidence and survival is lacking. Methods: In a prospective, population-based study of Ventura County, CA residents (2020 Pop. 843,843; 44.1% Hispanic), we compared SCA incidence and outcomes during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic to the prior four years, overall and by ethnicity (Hispanic vs non-Hispanic). Findings: Of 2,222 OHCA cases identified, 907 occurred during the pandemic (March 2020 - Feb 2022) and 1315 occurred pre-pandemic (March 2016 - Feb 2020). Overall age-standardized annual SCA incidence increased from 38.9/100,000 [95% CI 36.8-41.0] pre-pandemic to 53.8/100,00 [95% CI 50.3 - 57.3, p<0.001] during the pandemic. Among Hispanics, incidence increased by 77%, from 38.2/100,00 [95% CI 33.8-42.5] to 67.7/100,00 [95% CI 59.5-75.8, p<0.001]. Among non-Hispanics, incidence increased by 26% from 39.4/100,000 [95% CI 36.9-41.9, p<0.001] to 49.8/100,00 [95% CI 45.8-53.8]. SCA incidence rates closely tracked COVID-19 infection rates. During the pandemic, SCA survival was significantly reduced (15.3% to 10.0%, p<0.001) and Hispanics were less likely than non-Hispanics to have bystander CPR (44.6% vs. 54.7%, p=0.005) and shockable rhythm (15.3% vs. 24.1%, p=0.003). Interpretation: Hispanic residents experienced higher SCA rates during the pandemic with less favorable resuscitation profiles. These findings implicate potential ethnicity-specific barriers to acute care and represent an urgent call to action at the community and health-system levels. Funding: National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Grants R01HL145675 and R01HL147358.
Effective thermodynamics of isolated entangled squeezed and coherent states

The Rényi entanglement entropy is calculated exactly for mode-partitioned isolated systems such as the two-mode squeezed state and the multi-mode Silbey–Harris polaron ansatz state. Effective thermodynamic descriptions of the correlated partitions are constructed to present quantum information theory concepts in the language of thermodynamics. Boltzmann weights are obtained from the entanglement spectrum by deriving the exact relationship between an effective temperature and the physical entanglement parameters. The partition function of the resulting effective thermal theory can be obtained directly from the single-copy entanglement.
Homogeneity and isotropy in the Two Micron All Sky Survey Photometric Redshift catalogue

Using the 2MASS Photometric Redshift catalogue we perform a number of statistical tests aimed at detecting possible departures from statistical homogeneity and isotropy in the large-scale structure of the Universe. Making use of the angular homogeneity index, an observable proposed in a previous publication, as well as studying the scaling of the angular clustering and number counts with magnitude limit, we place constraints on the fractal nature of the galaxy distribution. We nd that the statistical properties of our sample are in excellent agreement with the standard cosmological model, and that it reaches the homogeneous regime signicantly
Supernovae and gamma-ray bursts : the greatest explosions since the big bang : proceedings of the Space Telescope Science Institute Symposium held in Baltimore, Maryland, May 3-6, 1999

Participants Preface Gamma-ray burst-supernova relation B. Paczynski Observations of gamma-ray bursts G. Fishman Fireballs T. Piran Gamma-ray mechanisms M. Rees Prompt optical emission from gamma-ray bursts R. Kehoe, C. Akerlof, R. Balsano, S. Barthelmy, J. Bloch, P. Butterworth, D. Casperson, T. Cline, S. Fletcher, F. Frontera, G. Gisler, J. Heise, J. Hills, K. Hurley, B. Lee, S. Marshall, T. McKay, A. Pawl, L. Piro, B. Priedhorsky, J. Szymanski and J. Wren X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts L. Piro The first year of optical-IR observations of SN1998bw I. Danziger, T. Augusteijn, J. Brewer, E. Cappellaro, V. Doublier, T. Galama, J. Gonzalez, O. Hainaut, B. Leibundgut, C. Lidman, P. Mazzali, K. Nomoto, F. Patat, J. Spyromilio, M. Turatto, J. Van Paradijs, P. Vreeswijk and J. Walsh X-ray emission of Supernova 1998bw in the error box of GRB980425 E. Pian Direct analysis of spectra of type Ic supernovae D. Branch The interaction of supernovae and gamma-ray bursts with their surroundings R. Chevalier Magnetars, soft gamma-ray repeaters and gamma-ray bursts A. Harding Super-luminous supernova remnants Y. -H. Chu, C. -H. Chen and S. -P. Lai The properties of hypernovae: SNe Ic 1998bw, 1997ef, and SN IIn 1997cy K. Nomoto, P. Mazzali, T. Nakamura, K. Iwanmoto, K. Maeda, T. Suzuki, M. Turatto, I. Danziger and F. Patat Collapsars, Gamma-Ray Bursts, and Supernovae S. Woosley, A. MacFadyen and A. Heger Pre-supernova evolution of massive stars N. Panagia and G. Bono Radio supernovae and GRB 980425 K. Weiler, N. Panagia, R. Sramek, S. Van Dyk, M. Montes and C. Lacey Models for Ia supernovae and evolutionary effects P. Hoflich and I. Dominguez Deflagration to detonation A. Khokhlov Universality in SN Iae and the Phillips relation D. Arnett Abundances from supernovae F. -K. Thielemann, F. Brachwitz, C. Freiburghaus, S. Rosswog, K. Iwamoto, T. Nakamura, K. Nomoto, H. Umeda, K. Langanke, G. Martinez-Pinedo, D. Dean, W. Hix and M. Strayer Sne, GRBs, and the global properties of the Universe B. Schmidt How good are SNe Ia as standard candles? A. Sandage, G. Tammann and A. Saha Type Ia supernovae and their implications for cosmology M. Livio Conference summary: supernovae and gamma-ray bursts J. Wheeler.
Photovoltage dynamics of the hydroxylated Si(111) surface investigated by ultrafast electron diffraction

We present a novel method to measure transient photovoltage at nanointerfaces using ultrafast electron diffraction. In particular, we report our results on the photoinduced electronic excitations and their ensuing relaxations in a hydroxyl-terminated silicon surface, a standard substrate for fabricating molecular electronics interfaces. The transient surface voltage is determined by observing Coulomb refraction changes induced by the modified space-charge barrier within a selectively probed volume by femtosecond electron pulses. The results are in agreement with ultrafast photoemission studies of surface state charging, suggesting a charge relaxation mechanism closely coupled to the carrier dynamics near the surface that can be described by a drift-diffusion model. This study demonstrates a newly implemented ultrafast diffraction method for investigating interfacial processes, with both charge and structure resolution.
Mitochondrial mitophagy protection combining rivaroxaban and aspirin in high glucose-exposed human coronary artery endothelial cell. An in vitro study

Purpose Combination of Rivaroxaban plus Aspirin improved cardiovascular outcome in patients with stable cardiovascular disease. The aim was to determine if Rivaroxaban and acetylsalicylic acid alone or in combination may protect mitochondrial mitophagy in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) exposed to D-glucose. Methods HCAEC were incubated under different conditions: 5 mmol/L glucose D-glucose (control), 30 mmol/L D-Glucose with and without 50 nmol/L Rivaroxaban (Rivaroxaban), 0.33 mmol/L ASA (ASA) or Rivaroxaban (12.5 nmol/L)+ASA (0.33 mmol/L; (Riva+ASA). Results HCAEC incubated with D-glucose showed an increased Factor Xa expression. The mitochondrial content of Pink-1 and Parkin were significantly reduced in high glucose-incubated HCAEC compared to control. Rivaroxaban+ASA significantly increased the mitochondrial content of Pink-1 and Parkin, and the mitochondrial membrane potential compared to D-Glucose group. Both ASA alone and Riva+ASA reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tissue factor production induced by high glucose exposure. Conclusion Under high glucose condition combining Rivaroxaban+ASA increased the mitochondrial content of Pink-1 and Parkin, restored mitochondria membrane potential and reduced ROS and tissue factor expression in HCAEC. It suggests potential effects induced by dual use of Rivaroxaban and ASA on the coronary endothelium subjected to high glucose condition.