Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polarization Switching and Charge Trapping in HfO2-Based Ferroelectric Transistors

In this study, we provide an insight into the polarization switching behavior of HfO2-based ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) by utilizing the Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire model in the multiscale physics-based modeling platform GinestraTM. Simulation results showed that a sufficient trap density is needed for complete polarization reversal. After that, we characterize the charge-trapping behavior with a dedicated experiment. The test results are then compared with the simulation results under the same test condition. The charge trapping behavior is more sensitive to applied voltage amplitude than to the pulse width. From the simulation, we could also see that the potential difference between the applied gate voltage and the channel potential at the onset of strong inversion remains constant for all gate voltages.
Improving Nutritional Status of School Going Children Through School-based Nutrition Program in Rajasthan, India

This case control research was conducted in the tribal block of Sirohi district of Rajasthan, India to assess the impact of the food supplementation program on the nutritional status of school-going children. With 1:1 matching using parameters of sex and age of children from six villages each, data of 430 1st to 8th grade children, 215 cases and controls each, were analysed. World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro plus tool was used to determine the Weight for Age, Height for Age and Body Mass Index (BMI) for age indicators. Results showed that children who were on the intervention of milk were found to be 1.7 times more active as compare to those not receiving milk. It was also found that the proportion of children with severe malnutrition- in terms of wasting, stunting and underweight – was less among cases as compare to the controls. However, the difference was found significant only for wasting and underweight respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that milk-based interventions have been proved to be successful strategy in combating acute malnutrition among school-going children. More research is needed to evaluate the impact of such interventions on stunting, and to improve the program planning for scaling up and replication.
Complex Dielectric Properties of Several Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks

Abstract : The complex dielectric properties of rocks are interesting scientifically and important practically. The scientific interest derives from a desire to understand the properties of materials, the electrical structure of the earth's crust, and the (electrical) loss mechanisms in the crust. The practical significance stems from potential applications in borehole logging, geothermal prospecting, mineral prospecting, and in lithospheric radiowave communications. The real part of the permittivity (epsilon') of a rock is an average of the permittivity of the individual minerals; the volume fraction of each mineral appears to be a suitable weighting function for most purposes. The loss factor (epsilon'') obviously depends on the various loss mechanisms present and on the frequency. In rocks, the value and behavior with temperature and frequency are dominated by the water (and dissolved ions) present in microcracks. In this study, we have removed the water from the microcracks in order to obtain data suitable for use in inferring the properties of rocks at depths where the microcracks are not present. Such depths may be as shallow as 1 km.
Ultra-open acoustic metamaterial silencer based on Fano-like interference

Recently, with advances in acoustic metamaterial science, the possibility of sound attenuation using subwavelength structures, while maintaining permeability to air, has been demonstrated. However, the ongoing challenge addressed herein is the fact that among such air-permeable structures to date, the open area represents only small fraction of the overall area of the material. In the presented paper in order to address this challenge, we first demonstrate that a transversely placed bilayer medium with large degrees of contrast in the layers' acoustic properties exhibits an asymmetric transmission, similar to the Fano-like interference phenomenon. Next, we utilize this design methodology and propose a deep-subwavelength acoustic metasurface unit cell comprising nearly 60% open area for air passage, while serving as a high-performance selective sound silencer. Finally, the proposed unit-cell performance is validated experimentally, demonstrating a reduction in the transmitted acoustic energy of up to 94%. This ultra-open metamaterial design, leveraging a Fano-like interference, enables high-performance sound silencing in a design featuring a large degree of open area, which may find utility in applications in which highly efficient, air-permeable sound silencers are required, such as smart sound barriers, fan or engine noise reduction, among others.
A Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Wi-Fi Sensing Using CSI Data

In today’s digital era, our lives are deeply intertwined with advancements in digital electronics and Radio Frequency (RF) communications. From cell phones to laptops, and from Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) to Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology, we rely on a range of electronic devices for everyday tasks. As technology continues to evolve, it presents innovative ways to harness existing resources more efficiently. One remarkable example of this adaptability is the utilization of Wi-Fi networks for Wi-Fi sensing. With Wi-Fi sensing, we can repurpose existing networking devices not only for connectivity but also for essential functions like motion detection for security systems, human motion tracking, fall detection, personal identification, and gesture recognition using Machine Learning (ML) techniques. Integrating Wi-Fi signals into sensing applications expands their potential across various domains. At the Gamgee, we are actively researching the utilization of Wi-Fi signals for Wi-Fi sensing, aiming to provide our clients with more valuable services alongside connectivity and control. This paper presents an orchestration of baseline experiments, analyzing a variety of machine learning algorithms to identify the most suitable one for Wi-Fi-based motion detection. We use a publicly available Wi-Fi dataset based on Channel State Information (CSI) for benchmarking and conduct a comprehensive comparison of different machine learning techniques in the classification domain. We evaluate nine distinct ML techniques, encompassing both shallow learning (SL) and deep learning (DL) methods, to determine the most effective approach for motion detection using Wi-Fi router CSI data. Our assessment involves six performance metrics to gauge the effectiveness of each machine learning technique.
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as an Alternative Source of Silicon Dioxide in Sodium Silicate Synthesis

To reduce the environmental impacts from sodium silicate synthesis, a ceramic method was suggested, with sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as the source of silicon dioxide and sodium carbonate. Although the production of sodium silicate is carried out on a large scale, it should be noted that its process requires temperatures above 1000 °C; it also requires the use of highly corrosive agents such as sodium hydroxide and chlorine gas to neutralize the remaining sodium hydroxide. In the present study, the synthesis temperatures were reduced to 800 °C with a reaction time of 3 h by pressing equimolar mixtures of previously purified SCBA and sodium carbonate; then, heat treatment was carried out under the indicated conditions. The resulting materials were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Among the crystalline phases, calcium disodium silicate was identified, in addition to sodium silicate; thus, it was inferred that the other components of the ash can interfere with the synthesis of silicate. Therefore, in order to obtain the highest composition of sodium silicate, a leaching treatment of the SCBA is required.
T helper cell responses in adult diarrheal patients following natural infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are primarily of the Th17 type

Background Infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) gives rise to IgA antibodies against both the heat labile toxin (LT) and colonization factors (CFs), which are considered to synergistically protect against ETEC diarrhea. Since the development of ETEC-specific long lived plasma cells and memory B cells is likely to be dependent on T helper (Th) cells, we investigated if natural ETEC diarrhea elicits ETEC-specific Th cells and their relation to IgA responses. Methods Th cell subsets were analyzed in adult Bangladeshi patients hospitalized due to ETEC diarrhea by flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from blood collected day 2, 7, 30 and 90 after hospitalization as well as in healthy controls. The LT- and CF-specific Th responses were determined by analysis of IL-17A and IFN-γ in antigen stimulated PBMC cultures using ELISA. ETEC-specific IgA secreted by circulating antibody secreting cells (plasmablasts) were analyzed by using the antibodies in lymphocyte supernatants (ALS) ELISA-based method and plasma IgA was also measured by ELISA. Results ETEC patients mounted significant ALS and plasma IgA responses against LTB and CFs on day 7 after hospitalization. ETEC patients had significantly elevated proportions of memory Th cells with a Th17 phenotype (CCR6+CXCR3-) in blood compared to controls, while frequencies of Th1 (CCR6-CXCR3+) or Th2 (CCR6-CXCR3-) cells were not increased. Antigen stimulation of PBMCs revealed IL-17A responses to LT, most clearly observed after stimulation with double mutant heat labile toxin (dmLT), but also with LT B subunit (LTB), and to CS6 in samples from patients with LT+ or CS6+ ETEC bacteria. Some individuals also mounted IFN-γ responses to dmLT and LTB. Levels of LTB specific IgA antibodies in ALS, but not plasma samples correlated with both IL-17A (r=0.5, p=0.02) and IFN-γ (r=0.6, p=0.01) responses to dmLT. Conclusions Our results show that ETEC diarrhea induces T cell responses, which are predominantly of the Th17 type. The correlations between IL-17A and IFN-g and intestine-derived plasmablast responses support that Th responses may contribute to the development of protective IgA responses against ETEC infection. These observations provide important insights into T cell responses that need to be considered in the evaluation of advanced ETEC vaccine candidates.
Challenges in the Management of Perianal Hidradenitis Suppurativa in an African American Male: A Case Report

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), more commonly known as acne inversa, occurs due to chronic inflammation of the body’s apocrine glands, most commonly affecting areas of the body where there is prolonged skin-on-skin friction. HS affects approximately 4% of the United States population, most commonly women in their second or third decade of life, especially those of African American ethnicity. HS presents as tender subcutaneous nodules which often rupture, leading to the formation of painful dermal abscesses which undergo fibrosis and lead to the formation of extensive sinus tracts, a phenomenon known as “tunneling”. HS is staged clinically using the Hurley staging system, where the stage determines what treatment modalities are used. These modalities can include medical management such as antibiotics, or biologics such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors like adalimumab, as well as surgical options including incision with or without drainage. Due to the similar presentation of HS with other conditions, this disease is commonly misdiagnosed, often leading to delayed treatment initiation and worse outcomes for patients. Presented is a case report of a 30-year-old African American male with perianal HS and the potential long-term complications and challenges of management of this disease.
An atlas of Victorian mortality

This atlas uses data from the Registrars General Decennial Supplements to provide a detailed description of mortality in Victorian England and Wales. "It uses 614 districts to chart variations and changes in the principal causes of death from the 1860s to the 1890s. The atlas deals especially with infant and childhood mortality with early adult deaths maternal mortality and the causes of death in old age. It has chapters devoted to tuberculosis violent deaths and suicide as well as mortality differentials and gender. With over forty maps in full colour accompanied by more than fifty illustrative diagrams also in colour the atlas offers an accessible and highly attractive introduction to one of the most important aspects of Victorian society--persistently high mortality. The atlass concluding chapter also offers a new interpretation of the importance of epidemiology and environment in the nineteenth century which will be of special interest to economic and social historians demographers and epidemiologists who are concerned with the long-term consequences of urbanisation and the levels of living debate in general. " (EXCERPT)
Thin Layer Drying Kinetics and Mathematical Modeling of Moisture Diffusivity in Cocoa Pod Husk (CPH)

Cocoa pod husk (CPH), an agricultural by-product of the cocoa separation process, contains an average moisture content of 5.40 ±0.05 kg water /kg dry matter . Drying characteristics of CPH were examined in hot air at 50, 60 and 70°C using a laboratory oven with air ventilation at 3 L/min and a load cell sensor (HX-711) was used for weight loss tracking. Twelve mathematical models simulated the drying rate from a drying curve at each operating temperature by comparing four statistically calculated parameters. Levels of variation were investigated by plotting experimental data against the predicted moisture ratios to identify the sum of residuals and obtain a good fit. The Midilli et al. model provided the best drying characteristics with optimized statistical parameters. Using an Arrhenius type relationship, the effective diffusivity coefficient of moisture transfer varied from 7.979 x 10 -10 to 13.298 x 10 -10 m 2 /s, with operating temperature set at 50, 60 and 70°C and activation energy for moisture diffusion 70.48 kJ/mol.
The geological and geodynamic evolution of the Northumberland Trough Region : insights from numerical modelling

The geological and geodynamic processes that have controlled the evolution of the Northumberland Trough Region in Northern England have been investigated to expand understanding of the evolution of continental extensional basins. The region has experienced a number of extensional, compressional and wrench tectonic events throughout Late Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic times. These events have led to a complex subsidence and uplift history. A kinematic model has been developed in two-dimensions to simulate the structural deformation caused by extension by faulting and pure shear, thermal processes and the flexural isostatic due to tectonic loading. The stratigraphy varies across the region between the block and basins, which has been addressed within the modelling by the development of algorithms to simulate palaeobathymetry, compaction and erosion. Extension within the crust was taken up on multiple faults generating an average total heave of approximately 10-15km. Model results indicate there was non-uniform extension of the lithosphere with greater extension below the fault detachment depth where ductile deformation is the principal deformation mechanism. Results generated using a modelling approach that utilises multiple tectonic events generate stratigraphic patterns of syn-rift and post-rift deposition that support extension at multiple time stages within the Northumberland Trough Region during the early-Carboniferous period. Models that reconcile the observed amount of fault-controlled deformation with the magnitude of overall thinning of the crust generate comparable amounts of subsidence to that observed in the basin structures. In contrast, these models over-estimated the amount of subsidence on the block structures. It has been hypothesised that this mismatch was due to the North Pennines Batholith, which acts as a negative load upon the lithosphere. Development of an algorithm to model the isostatic response of the lithosphere to the North Pennines Batholith has provided insights into the influence of igneous intrusions on the post-emplacement structural development of the area. Model results incorporating the batholith indicate the generation of a significant amount of uplift coincident with the presence of the batholith, and show a realistic geometry and upliftsubsidence pattern across the Alston Block and adjacent basins.
Predictive Modeling of Signal Degradation in Urban VANETs Using Artificial Neural Networks

In urban Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) environments, buildings play a crucial role as they can act as obstacles that attenuate the transmission signal between vehicles. Such obstacles lead to multipath effects, which could substantially impact data transmission due to fading. Therefore, quantifying the impact of buildings on transmission quality is a key parameter of the propagation model, especially in critical scenarios involving emergency vehicles where reliable communication is of utmost importance. In this research, we propose a supervised learning approach based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to develop a predictive model capable of estimating the level of signal degradation, represented by the Bit Error Rate (BER), based on the obstacles perceived by moving emergency vehicles. By establishing a relationship between the level of signal degradation and the encountered obstacles, our proposed mechanism enables efficient routing decisions being made prior to the transmission process. Consequently, data packets are routed through paths that exhibit the lowest BER. To collect the training data, we employed Network Simulator 3 (NS-3) in conjunction with the Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) simulator, leveraging real-world data sourced from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) geographic database. OSM enabled us to gather geospatial data related to the Two-Dimensional (2D) geometric structure of buildings, which served as input for our Artificial Neural Network (ANN). To determine the most suitable algorithm for our ANN, we assessed the accuracy of ten learning algorithms in MATLAB, utilizing five key metrics: Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Correlation Coefficient (R), and Maximum Prediction Error (MaxPE). For each algorithm, we conducted fifteen iterations based on ten hidden neurons and gauged its accuracy against the aforementioned metrics. Our analysis highlighted that the ANN underpinned by the Conjugate Gradient With Powell/Beale Restarts (CGB) learning algorithm exhibited superior performance in terms of MSE, RMSE, MAE, R, and MaxPE compared to other algorithms such as Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), Bayesian Regularization (BR), BFGS Quasi-Newton (BFG), Resilient Backpropagation (RP), Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG), Fletcher–Powell Conjugate Gradient (CGF), Polak–Ribiére Conjugate Gradient (CGP), One-Step Secant (OSS), and Variable Learning Rate Backpropagation (GDX). The BER prediction by our ANN incorporates the TWO-RAY Ground (TRG) propagation model, an adjustable parameter within NS-3. When subjected to 300 new samples, the trained ANN’s simulation outcomes illustrated its capability to learn, generalize, and successfully predict the BER for a new data instance. Overall, our research contributes to enhancing the performance and reliability of communication in urban VANET environments, especially in critical scenarios involving emergency vehicles, by leveraging supervised learning and artificial neural networks to predict signal degradation levels and optimize routing decisions accordingly.
Colorants and Antioxidants Deriving from Methylglyoxal and Heterocyclic Maillard Reaction Intermediates

The Maillard reaction is well known for producing antioxidant compounds alongside colored substances. Low-molecular-weight antioxidant intermediates such as maltol (MAL) or norfuraneol (NF) are well described, but it is still unclear which of these Maillard intermediates are the precursors of antioxidant and colored melanoidins—the so-called late stage Maillard reaction products. This study aimed to provide novel insights into the correlation between browning potential and antioxidant properties of reaction products formed during the heat treatment of prominent Maillard reaction intermediates. It was achieved by the incubation of binary reaction systems composed of methylglyoxal (MGO) or NF in combination with furfural (FF), MAL, and pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (PA) at pH 5 and 130 °C for up to 120 min. Overall, it could be shown that the formation of colored products in the binary NF reaction systems was more efficient compared to those of MGO. This was reflected in an increased browning intensity of up to 400% and a lower conversion rate of NF compared to MGO. The colorants formed by NF and FF or PA (~0.34 kDa and 10–100 kDa) were also found to exhibit higher molecular weights compared to the analogue products formed in the MGO incubations (<0.34 kDa and 10–100 kDa). The incorporation of NF into these heterogenous products with FF and PA resulted in the preservation of the initial antioxidant properties of NF (p < 0.05), whereas no antioxidant products were formed after the incubation of MGO.
Determining elements of housing satisfaction in Mexico: analysis by estimating an Ordered Probit Model

This paper performs an analysis of the elements that determine housing satisfaction, as well as evaluates the probability that a household may be satisfied with it. For this purpose, an Ordered Probit Model was estimated. The data was collected from the National Housing Survey, 2020, carried out by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography in Mexico. In particular, this paper estimates the probability of satisfaction concerning specific variables to the housing and the environment. The main findings are households in lower socioeconomic levels are the most dissatisfied with their housing. When estimating the Ordered Probit Model, it is found that having a dining room, garage, water tank, and garden increases the probability of satisfaction, while suffering from humidity and subsidence decreases levels of satisfaction. Likewise, the presence of garbage and noise in the area decreases the probability of satisfaction. The relevance of taking these statistical approaches lies in the fact that they become a tool that facilitates the targeting of housing policy, allowing adequate management of programs and projects associated with improving the quality of life.