Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of physical movement on observers’ perception of musical quality in a choral performance

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of singers’ physical movement on observers’ perception of musical quality at varying levels of physical expressivity during a choral performance. In addition, the relationship between observers’ levels of formal music training and their perception of musical quality was of interest. All observers (N = 164) viewed and rated a set of three video scenarios of a choral performance. Each scenario was designed to represent three levels of physical movement: minimal (minimal body and facial movement), moderate (moderate head and facial movement), and high level (full body and facial movement). Results indicated that differing levels of singers’ physical movement and facial expressions were strongly related to observers’ perception of the musical quality. However, when analyzing this effect by observers’ formal musical background, no significant relationship was found between ratings of the musical quality and physical movement among musically trained observers across all three conditions, suggesting that musically trained observers may be less influenced by their visual perception when evaluating a music performance.
Deep-level defects in gallium oxide

As an ultrawide bandgap semiconductor, gallium oxide (Ga2O3) has superior physical properties and has been an emerging candidate in the applications of power electronics and deep-ultraviolet optoelectronics. Despite numerous efforts made in the aspect of material epitaxy and power devices based on β-Ga2O3 with rapid progresses, the fundamental understanding of defect chemistry in Ga2O3, in particular, acceptor dopants and carrier compensation effects, remains a key challenge. In this focused review, we revisited the principles of popular approaches for characterizing defects in semiconductors and summarized recent advances in the fundamental investigation of defect properties, carrier dynamics and optical transitions in Ga2O3. Theoretical and experimental investigations revealed the microstructures and possible origins of defects in β-Ga2O3 bulk single crystals, epitaxial films and metastable-phased α-Ga2O3 epilayers by the combined means of first-principle calculation, deep level transient spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence. In particular, defects induced by high-energy irradiation have been reviewed, which is essential for the identification of defect sources and the evaluation of device reliability operated in space and other harsh environments. This topic review may provide insight into the fundamental properties of defects in Ga2O3 to fully realize its promising potential in practical applications.
Library-Faculty Referencing and Plagiarism Pilot Using Technology-Mediated Feedback for Change

ABSTRACT The University of Sydney Library piloted an initiative in 2017 that used feedback and learning analytics to address referencing errors in undergraduate student assignments. We collaborated with teaching staff to deliver standardised feedback and learning materials to students, combining several educational technologies in use at the University. We discuss our pilot through three lenses: technology, collaboration and evaluating impact. Key findings include that technology affords opportunities for student support however integration issues can complicate the streamlining of workflows. Moreover, it is not possible for non-embedded library staff to align technologies with pedagogy and learning outcomes. Collaborations between library and teaching staff include a shared understanding of the value of referencing as an ethical practice. Teaching staff, however, may be unable to deliver referencing feedback in a way that is consistent with an externally designed initiative. When evaluating the impact of our pilot we found that students often display a lack of understanding about the role of feedback in their learning. Recommendations include that teaching staff should drive the use of technologies within their units of study, and that instructionally designed feedback planning is key in delivering consistent feedback, developing student feedback literacy and in supporting referencing as ethical practice.
A Decade of Annual Arctic DOC Export With Polar Surface Water in the East Greenland Current

The export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the Arctic Ocean is expected to change due to warming and increased river runoff. Here we present a method to quantify DOC transport with the East Greenland Current combining synoptic and year‐round data (2009–2018). An algorithm based on quantitative and qualitative aspects of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) was developed to provide DOC estimates. Combined with mooring‐derived monthly Polar Surface Water (PSW) volume transports, we estimate DOC exports for the period from 2003–2017. For much of the period DOC exports have been reasonably constant at 46.8 (±6.2) Tg yr−1, while the reduction in PSW export in recent years has resulted in lower annual DOC exports (below 39 Tg C yr−1). We now have a technique to resolve seasonal and annual fluctuations in Arctic carbon export, offering a significant improvement over earlier bulk estimates and represents a baseline to detect future change.
Using zone theory to understand teacher identity as an embedder-of-numeracy: an analytical framework

ABSTRACT Teacher identity provides useful insights into the learning and practices of teachers. The complexity of identity, however, makes it difficult to use in empirical research. An analytical framework with two components is presented. This analytical framework comprises a framework for identity as an embedder-of-numeracy, which clearly defines a teacher’s identity when promoting numeracy learning across the curriculum, and Valsiner’s zone theory, which provides insights into identity formation and trajectories. The analytical framework was developed in the context of an across the curriculum approach to numeracy in the Australian Curriculum where all teachers are expected to explicitly attend to numeracy in the subjects they teach. A theoretical approach was used to propose the analytical framework which was subsequently tested and refined through an empirical study. Using the analytical framework to guide data collection and analysis in the empirical study suggests the approach has potential to inform professional learning to assist teachers to promote numeracy learning through the subjects they teach. More broadly, the approach taken addresses some of the criticisms and challenges of using identity as a theoretical lens in empirical research by enabling researchers to provide an adequate definition and operationalise identity for a particular context.
Antibacterial activity of Andrographis paniculata Nees against selective human pathogens

The present study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial effect of Andrographis paniculata against selective human pathogens. The plant parts of A. paniculata such as leaf, stem and root were studied for its antibacterial activity. Different solvents were used to extract the active components from the plant parts. The antibacterial activity was studied against selective human pathogens viz., Staphylococcus sp. , Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Pseudomonas sp. Among the different solvents, methanol extract showed greater antibacterial activity against E. coli (32.8 mm) followed by Salmonella Typhi (24.7 mm), Pseudomonas sp. (24.2 mm) and Staphylococcus sp. (18.4 mm). So the future investigation was carried out for leaf extract using methanol as solvent to find out the minimum inhibitory concentration for selective human pathogens. The results reveal that 75 µl was optimum for all the test cultures. It shows more activity in E. coli (32.3 mm) followed by S. Typhi (28.1 mm), Staphylococcus sp. (14.1 mm) and Pseudomonas sp. (13.4 mm). Key words: Andrographis paniculata, Antibacterial, Andrographolide, minimum inhibitory concentration.
Source predictions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) concentration in water, sediment, and biota (FISHES) from Ethiope River, Delta State, Southern Nigeria

This study was carried out to predict the source of the sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds in water, sediment, and biota samples from River Ethiope, Delta State, Southern Nigeria. The samples were extracted using soxhlet extraction and analysed with GC/FID. Results obtained for total concentration of the sixteen priority PAHs ranges from 0.185 to 3.679 mg/kg (sediment), 0.000 to 27.353 µg/l (water), and 0.053 to 6.060 µg/kg (biota samples). The result indicated that the concentration level in the water, sediment, and biota are considerably low. Although the PAH were below the USEPA standard, the observed levels can cause adverse effects for lower dwelling aquatic organisms, which are exposed to the sediments daily. Therefore, persistent monitoring and strict adherence to responsible waste discharge should be upheld by all manufacturing and agro-industries in the catchment of the river to avoid deleterious effects on biodiversity and to ensure the safety of the consumers. From the source prediction, the results obtained show the sources are quite similar across the sample sites. This is an indication that the PAHs in the water samples are mostly of pyrogenic origin, except the water samples from Abraka site 2, which are petrogenic. All river sediment samples show pyrogenic origins. Keywords: Source prediction, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), combustion, River Ethiope.
Sedimentary and geochronological studies on tuff levels from Triassic strata in the Nanzhao Basin, North Qinling Orogenic Belt, and their geological significance

The Ordos Basin is the second largest oil‐ and gas‐bearing sedimentary basin in China. This basin formed during the Triassic. At present, the location of the basin margins is still highly debated in the literature, especially its eastern and southern margins. The Triassic Yanchang Formation extensively outcrops in the Ordos Basin, and its distribution can provide a significant constraint on the basin extension. In this study, we focus on the measurement and correlation of the Middle–Late Triassic sedimentary strata from Nanzhao Basin, which is located to the south‐east of the present‐day Ordos Basin. The results of this study indicate that the sedimentary sequence of Triassic strata from Taizishan Formation and Taishanmiao Formation in the Nanzhao Basin is comparable with that of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin. Tuff intercalations in clastic rocks from Taizishan Formation in the Nanzhao Basin were studied with zircon chronology and Hf isotope analysis. The results show that the tuff sample has concord U–Pb age of 234.6 ± 1.5 Ma, which is considered as the boundary age between Middle and Late Triassic with a similar age in respect to that of the Yanchang Formation. The TDM2 values for the studied sample range from 1.0 to 1.4 Ga with the peak at 1.2 Ga, which is also similar to TDM2 values for tuffs encountered in the Yanchang Formation. On the other hand, the corresponding εHf(t) values of tuff in Nanzhao Basin range from −1.1 to +4.2 with an average of 1.2 and peak at 2, which are different with respect to those of the Yanchang Formation. According to the geochronological data, the tuffs in Nanzhao Basin might be mainly derived from a depleted‐mantle source from Late Meso‐Proterozoic period, and contaminated by a continental Early–Middle Meso‐Proterozoic crust. Therefore, we suggest that in Middle–Late Triassic, the southeastern margin of the Ordos Basin may have extended to Nanzhao area and the different εHf(t) values between tuffs in Nanzhao Basin and present Ordos Basin may be the result of scissor‐type collision of North China Block and South China Block during the Triassic.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE GARLIC EXTRACT ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, MICROBIOLOGICAL STATUS AND THE SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF MINCED PORK MEAT AND THE SEMI-DURABLE SAUSAGE

In this paper are given the results from the analysis of the influence of the garlic extract on the chemical composition, the microbiological status and the sensory characteristics of minced pork meat and the semi-durable sausage. In order to do the analysis, we prepared the following four groups of minced pork meat and sausage: group 1 – without a garlic extract, group 2 – with garlic extract of 0.1 g/kg, group 3 – with a garlic extract of 0.2 g/kg, and group 4 – with a garlic extract of 0.3 g/kg. We randomly chose nine samples for the analyzis. Not one of the analyzed groups of minced pork meat and semi-durable sausage showed the presence of Clostridia, Escherichia coli, Salmonella or Listeria monocytogenes. The presence of other bacteria mostly bacilli was confirmed. The largest number of bacteria was confirmed in the controlled groups, while the smallest number of bacteria was in the group with a garlic extract of 0.3 g/kg. The controlled groups of minced pork meat and semi-durable sausage got very little sensory marks, while the best marked were the groups with an extract of 0.3 g/kg. Key words: extract garlic; chemical composition; sensory properties
Linked surveillance and genetic data uncovers programmatically relevant geographic scale of Guinea worm transmission in Chad.

BACKGROUND Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis) was detected in Chad in 2010 after a supposed ten-year absence, posing a challenge to the global eradication effort. Initiation of a village-based surveillance system in 2012 revealed a substantial number of dogs infected with Guinea worm, raising questions about paratenic hosts and cross-species transmission. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We coupled genomic and surveillance case data from 2012-2018 to investigate the modes of transmission between dog and human hosts and the geographic connectivity of worms. Eighty-six variants across four genes in the mitochondrial genome identified 41 genetically distinct worm genotypes. Spatiotemporal modeling revealed worms with the same genotype ('genetically identical') were within a median range of 18.6 kilometers of each other, but largely within approximately 50 kilometers. Genetically identical worms varied in their degree of spatial clustering, suggesting there may be different factors that favor or constrain transmission. Each worm was surrounded by five to ten genetically distinct worms within a 50 kilometer radius. As expected, we observed a change in the genetic similarity distribution between pairs of worms using variants across the complete mitochondrial genome in an independent population. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In the largest study linking genetic and surveillance data to date of Guinea worm cases in Chad, we show genetic identity and modeling can facilitate the understanding of local transmission. The co-occurrence of genetically non-identical worms in quantitatively identified transmission ranges highlights the necessity for genomic tools to link cases. The improved discrimination between pairs of worms from variants identified across the complete mitochondrial genome suggests that expanding the number of genomic markers could link cases at a finer scale. These results suggest that scaling up genomic surveillance for Guinea worm may provide additional value for programmatic decision-making critical for monitoring cases and intervention efficacy to achieve elimination.
Ecophysiological and biochemical variation of the surf zone diatom asterionellopsis glacialis sensu lato from Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil

Manchas formadas por densas acumulacoes de diatomaceas na zona de arrebentacao ("diatomaceas de surf") sao comuns em praias arenosas com estados morfodinâmicos dissipativos ou intermediarios. Seu aparecimento esta correlacionado com fatores ambientais, como a passagem de frentes frias, quando ventos em direcao a praia promovem maior hidrodinâmica, gerando ressuspensao de estoques benticos das diatomaceas, acumulando-as na zona de arrebentacao interna. No estado de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil, duas praias sao conhecidas por terem frequente ocorrencia de acumulacoes da diatomacea de zona de arrebentacao Asterionellopsis glacialis lato sensu: Praia do Rincao (28 ° 50 'S) e Praia de Navegantes (26 ° 52' S). A alta biomassa desta alga e sua importância central na estrutura trofica dos ecossistemas costeiros sugerem estudos sobre suas potenciais aplicacoes. No presente estudo, cepas de A. glacialis foram isoladas, cultivadas sob diferentes condicoes e avaliadas quanto a aspectos ecofisiologicos (taxas de crescimento, atividades biologicas de exsudatos e biomassa) e bioquimicos (conteudo lipidico e perfil de acidos graxos). As celulas de A. glacialis em cultura mostraram deformacoes, as quais foram melhoradas, usando agitacao e meios de cultura ricos em silicio e fosforo. O exsudato das cepas nao mostrou efeito alelopatico nem antimicrobiano, embora estudos anteriores tenham indicado essa atividade. O conteudo lipidico apresentou variacao dependendo da cepa e do meio de cultura utilizado. Os valores variaram entre 9% e 13,6%, em massa seca. Em todas as cepas foram identificados acidos graxos saturados e poli-insaturados. Algumas hipoteses foram propostas para explicar a variacao consideravel nos niveis de lipideos, nos perfis de acidos graxos e as caracteristicas ecofisiologicas das cepas. Alem disso, sugerimos que o conteudo e a composicao de acidos graxos pode ter consequencias importantes na ecologia das praias arenosas onde A. glacialis ocorre como o principal produtor primario.
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Sows with Excess Backfat: Up-Regulated Cytokine Expression and Elevated Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Placenta

Simple Summary Maternal obesity is associated with increased farrowing difficulties and influences the fetus, but the effect on placental inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular development in swine remains unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that maternal obesity blocks placental vascular development associated with maternal obesity-increased placental inflammation and oxidative stress in swine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of body condition of sows to placental pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress status and placental angiogenesis. we found that higher backfat thickness in sows is associated with enhanced oxidative stress, increased expression of pro-inflammation cytokines, and inhibited angiogenesis in the placenta. Therefore, reasonable control of body conditions during reproductive cycles may improve placenta development and maintain a healthy placenta environment. Abstract In sows, excess backfat during late gestation is associated with increased farrowing difficulties and influences the fetus, but the impact of backfat thickness on placental inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular development has not been defined. In this study, 120 sows were divided into six groups based on backfat thickness (≤16, 17–18, 19–20, 21–22, 23–24, and ≥25 mm) in late gestation. The placental lipids, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels, inflammatory-related cytokine and angiogenesis were determined. The concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL–C), and free fatty acid (FFA) linearly increased (p < 0.05) associated with increased late gestation backfat. ROS and MDA increased and TAC decreased (p < 0.05) as the backfat thickness increased. The mRNA expression of toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, TLR4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL)–1β, IL–6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)–1 increased with increased backfat in late gestation. There were no differences in IL–8 and IL–10 mRNA expression among sows with different backfat thickness. Placental vessel density initially increased and then decreased with increasing backfat thickness of sows. Similarly, the mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also increased and then decreased. Excessive backfat in late gestation was associated with greater oxidative stress, greater expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and decreased expression of placental angiogenic regulators.
Integrating feral cat (Felis catus) control into landscape-scale introduced predator management to improve conservation prospects for threatened fauna: a case study from the south coast of Western Australia

Abstract Context Feral cat predation has had a significant impact on native Australian fauna in the past 200 years. In the early 2000s, population monitoring of the western ground parrot showed a dramatic decline from the pre-2000 range, with one of three meta-populations declining to very low levels and a second becoming locally extinct. We review 8 years of integrated introduced predator control, which trialled the incorporation of the feral cat bait Eradicat® into existing fox baiting programs. Aims To test the efficacy of integrating feral cat control into an existing introduced predator control program in an adaptive management framework conducted in response to the decline of native species. The objective was to protect the remaining western ground parrot populations and other threatened fauna on the south coast of Western Australia. Methods A landscape-scale feral cat and fox baiting program was delivered across south coast reserves that were occupied by western ground parrots in the early 2000s. Up to 500 000 ha of national parks and natures reserves were baited per annum. Monitoring was established to evaluate both the efficacy of landscape-scale baiting in management of feral cat populations, and the response of several native fauna species, including the western ground parrot, to an integrated introduced predator control program. Key results On average, 28% of radio-collared feral cats died from Eradicat® baiting each year, over a 5-year period. The results varied from 0% to 62% between years. Changes in site occupancy by feral cats, as measured by detection on camera traps, was also variable, with significant declines detected after baiting in some years and sites. Trends in populations of native fauna, including the western ground parrot and chuditch, showed positive responses to integrated control of foxes and cats. Implications Landscape-scale baiting of feral cats in ecosystems on the south coast of Western Australia had varying success when measured by direct knockdown of cats and site occupancy as determined by camera trapping; however, native species appeared to respond favourably to integrated predator control. For the protection of native species, we recommend ongoing baiting for both foxes and feral cats, complemented by post-bait trapping of feral cats. We advocate monitoring baiting efficacy in a well designed adaptive management framework to deliver long-term recovery of threatened species that have been impacted by cats.