Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An innovative lightweight 1D-CNN model for efficient monitoring of large-scale forest composition: a case study of Heilongjiang Province, China

ABSTRACT Large-scale forest composition mapping and change monitoring are essential for regional and national forest resource management, monitoring, and carbon stock assessment. However, the existing large-scale mapping methods are not effective enough in terms of efficiency and accuracy. To address this limitation, this study proposes a lightweight one-dimensional convolutional neural network (LW-CNN) model for forest composition mapping. The LW-CNN model is developed using Landsat imagery covering 470,700 km2 obtained from Google Earth Engine (GEE) collected during two periods (2007 and 2018). The proposed LW-CNN is compared with a visual geometry group with 16 convolutional layers (VGG16), a residual network with 34 convolutional layers (Resnet34), and a residual network with 50 convolutional layers (Resnet50) in terms of model accuracy and efficiency. The factors influencing forest composition change are analyzed using the structural equation model (SEM). The results show that the proposed LW-CNN model can outperform the other three models in terms of model accuracy, achieving a mean overall accuracy (OA) of: 0.75 and efficiency of 7–22-fold. The changed forest composition from 2007 to 2018 accounts for 29.6% of the total forest area. The SEM results show that the climate factors have the most significant effect on the forest composition change. This study presents an innovative model for large-scale forest composition mapping, which is proven to be both efficient and accurate. This study also provides insights into the factors that affect the forest composition change, which could be valuable for forest resource management, monitoring, and carbon stock assessment.
Object-based Class Modeling for Cadastre-constrained Delineation of Geo-objects

Remote sensing technology still faces challenges when it comes to monitoring tasks that must be able to stand up to validation from technical, scientific, and practical points of view, in other words, when entering into established, fully operational workflows. In this paper, we present an approach for delineating and monitoring aggregated spatial units relevant to regional planning tasks, which has been fully validated within a 3,654 km 2 area in the Stuttgart Region of southwestern Germany. This has been achieved by developing algorithms for semi-automated (geo-) object-based class modeling of biotope complexes, which are aggregated, functionally homogenous (but not necessarily spectrally homogeneous) units. High levels of complexity in the target classes and the need for integration of auxiliary geodata as a priori knowledge meant that different methods of information extraction were required to be combined in an operational workflow, and that new validation strategies were needed for quality assessment. A total of 31,698 biotope complexes were delineated for the entire Stuttgart Region, with an average size of 11.5 ha for each complex. Approximately 86 percent of the biotope complex boundaries were shown to have been correctly delineated.
Regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in spinal cord injury: an updated review

Cytokines are involved in neural homeostasis and pathological processes associated with neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI). The biological effect of cytokines, including those associated with acute or chronic SCI pathologies, are the result of receptor-mediated signaling through the Janus kinases (JAKs) as well as the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) DNA-binding protein families. Although therapies targeting at cytokines have led to significant changes in the treatment of SCI, they present difficulties in various aspects for the direct use by patients themselves. Several small-molecule inhibitors of JAKs, which may affect multiple pro-inflammatory cytokine-dependent pathways, as well as STATs, are in clinical development for the treatment of SCI. This review describes the current understanding of the JAK-STAT signaling in neuroendocrine homeostasis and diseases, together with the rationale for targeting at this pathway for the treatment of SCI.
(No) Effects of a Self-Kindness Intervention on Self-Esteem and Visual Self-Perception: An Eye-Tracking Investigation on the Time-Course of Self-Face Viewing

Previous research has suggested a favorable impact of self-kindness on subjective well-being. The present experiment investigated the effects of an app-assisted self-kindness intervention for increasing self-esteem and self-face gaze, and for decreasing depression. We explored self-face processing via a time-course analysis of eye-tracking data. Eighty participants (56 female, 24 male; mean age: 23.2 years) were randomly allocated to one of two intervention groups, each receiving daily instructions to enhance either self-kindness or relaxation (active control). Following a one-week intervention period, both groups reported improved self-esteem (p = .035, ηpart2 = .068) and reduced depression (p < .001, ηpart2 = .17). The duration of self-face gaze increased in both groups (p < .001, ηpart2 = .21). Self-face processing was characterized by an early automatic attention bias toward the self-face, with a subsequent reduction in self-face bias, followed in turn by an attentional self-face reapproach, and then a stable self-face bias. We thus identified a complex temporal pattern of self-face inspection, which was not specifically altered by the intervention. This research sheds light on the potential for app-assisted interventions to positively impact psychological well-being, while also highlighting the complexity of self-face processing dynamics in this context. In the future, we propose the inclusion of personalized self-kindness statements, which may amplify the benefits of these interventions.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetic Nephropathy Among Saudi Type-1 Diabetic Patients in Taif City, Saudi Arabia

Purpose We investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of DNP in T1DM patients in Taif city, Saudi Arabia, where the renal diseases are prevalent. The incidence of diabetic nephropathy (DNP) is increasing in Saudi Arabia, and the country is also ranked 4th in terms of the number of diagnosed type-1 diabetes (T1DM) patients. Patients and Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted with type-1 diabetes patients registered at King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital in Taif, Saudi Arabia. A total of 198 patients (aged > 18 years), had T1DM for more than 5 years with documented albuminuria; albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥30 mg/g creatinine in two of three urine samples or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, were included in the study. Patients’ demographic and laboratory data were collected from medical records. A regression analysis model was used to identify risk factors for DNP. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results The overall prevalence of DNP was 23.7% in our study group, with 8% having low eGFR alone, 20.71% having positive ACR and 6.22% having both positive ACR and low eGFR. A statistically significant correlation between DNP and risk factors was found for uncontrolled and longer duration of T1DM, elevated ACR, and hypertension (P < 0.05). No statistical significance was found for age, sex, or body mass index (BMI). Conclusion The prevalence of DNP in T1DM patients in Taif city was higher (23.7%) than the pooled average prevalence in Saudi Arabia (20.59%). Patients’ education regarding glycemic and blood pressure control could reduce the burden.
Predictors of inpatient outcomes of COVID‐19 infection in patients with cirrhosis in the early pandemic phase: A nationwide survey

Previous studies conducted at single centers have suggested that patients with cirrhosis are at a greater risk for worse outcomes with COVID‐19. However, there is limited data on a national level in the United States. We aimed to study hospital‐related outcomes and identify the predictors of poor outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and concurrent COVID‐19.
Relationship Between Musharakah, Credit Risk, and Profitability in Pakistan's Islamic Banks

The most significant and theoretical link between credit risk and Islamic banks' profitability ratio (ROE) has been determined due to the special nature of Musharakah (cost-in-low) financing. This study aims to determine how credit risk affects Islamic banks' profitability ratio (ROE). Data was obtained from (2018-2022), from the yearly reports of selected Islamic banks in Pakistan. The data analysis found that measures for the end of Musharakah size financing (MSF) (0.0220) and Musharakah Non-Performing ratio (MNPR) (0.03706) significantly impact return on equity. Study results show a strong and positive correlation between ROE and the Musharakah Non-Performing Ratio (MNPR). Based on the findings, it was concluded that the economic support of Musharakah (diminishing) generally increases the return on equity (ROE) of Islamic banks. Therefore, this research suggests Islamic banks need to increase their support for Musharakah (diminishing) to overcome the high credit risk exposure. Based on the findings of this study, Islamic banks can design and implement policies to reduce credit risks while improving their financial performance. Furthermore, this research can help Islamic banks improve their profitability ratio by reducing credit risk.
Long COVID and Physical Therapy: A Systematic Review

Prolonged COVID is a persistent condition following the initial COVID-19 infection, which is characterized by a variety of symptoms that may include fatigue, muscle pain, sleep disturbances, “brain fog”, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, neurological and dermatological symptoms. Physical therapy has been identified as a crucial aspect of the management of patients with long COVID, as it can help improve symptoms and overall physical function. The investigation of long COVID poses significant challenges due to the diversity and variability of symptoms, lack of clear diagnostic criteria, and limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of studies conducted in patients with long COVID in conjunction with interventions targeting respiratory function, particularly involving physical activity. To this end, we conducted a systematic review to analyze studies conducted on treatment programs for long COVID based on some form of physical activity. The protocol of the review was registered in the PROSPERO website, and the databases PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and WOS were searched. Of the 62 initial articles, six were included in the review. The results obtained have positive implications for the advancement of physical activity as a therapeutic intervention for individuals with long COVID-19 and the conceptualization of evidence-based treatment protocols. Statistically significant results have been observed in studies of at least 6 weeks duration, in which inspiratory muscle training exercises are proposed. Further research is needed to better understand long COVID and develop effective treatment strategies.
THE STRATIGRAPHY AND STRUCTURE OF THE ORDOVICIAN ROCKS OF THE RHINNS OF GALLOWAY

Re-examination of the stratigraphy and structure of Ordovician rocks in the northern part of the Rhinns of Galloway has led to amplification and some reinterpretation of the concepts of succession and structure advocated by Poach and Horne (1899). A stratigraphical succession within the greywackes has been erected on the basis of palaeontological and lithological evidence, and with the aid of “way-up” criteria. Stratigraphical groups have been subdivided on petrological grounds. The intercalation of at least two bands of Glenkiln (black) shale in a relatively thin greywacke sequence has been detected as far north as Broadsea Bay, and it can be demonstrated that a few miles farther north these black shales are represented by at least ten bands of fissile siltstone with black graptolite-bearing films, separated by some 6000 feet of greywackes. Relatively rapid cross-strike variations in thickness and lithological character have been found in several formations, amounting in the Glenkiln rocks to a general southward attenuation and concomitant increase in the proportion of shale and siltstone in the sequence. Palaeontological evidence shows that all the greywackes are of Glenkiln age, with the exception of the uppermost beds, the Portpatrick Group, which is probably Hartfell. Structurally the area is believed to comprise four main units, namely, three major complex monoclinal structures of Caledonoid trend with vertical northern limb and tightly folded and otherwise complicated southern limb, and one complex synclinal structure. The units are separated by major faults, mainly thrusts but including the Southern Uplands (= Glen App) fault, which is here normal, throwing south. Minor faults, especially wrench-faults, are of considerable importance.
Reduced Blood to Brain Glucose Transport as The Cause For Hyperglycemia: a Model That Resolves Multiple Anomalies in Type 2 Diabetes

Classically, type 2 diabetes is believed to be a result of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. However, evidence has been accumulating against the insulin resistance models. Absence of lasting hyperglycemia by insulin receptor knockouts or insulin suppression, evidence for hyperinsulinemia preceding insulin resistance, the perplexing hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic state, reduced glucose transport to the brain preceding hyperglycemia, signs of vasculopathy preceding hyperglycemia, absent or poor correlation between fasting glucose and insulin, very strong positive correlation between indices of insulin resistance and β cell function in population data are some of the anomalous findings which classical glucose homeostasis models have not addressed so far. With increasing evidence for neuronal involvement in glucose regulation, we propose a refined model of glucose regulation that considers brain glucose and insulin levels as the ultimate target of homeostasis and combines central and peripheral mechanisms of regulation. A model considering the reduced rate of blood-to-brain transportation of glucose and insulin as primary pathology explains most of the patterns, with or without insulin resistance. Apart from resolving multiple anomalies, the model also accounts for the failure of glucose normalization in effectively reducing diabetic complications and mortality.
Fixed-Time Synchronization of Different Dimensional Filippov Systems

This article aims to study the fixed-time (FxT) synchronization of different dimensional Filippov systems. New FxT stability lemmas containing the classical inequality <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\dot {V}\leq {-c}_{1}V^{a}-c_{2}V^{b}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> proposed by Polyakov are established. Different from the previous FxT stability lemmas in the literature, the proposed one shows the new conclusion that the settling times can be larger or smaller as long as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$c_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$c_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> satisfy the certain relationships, which synchronously reveals that the relationships between the control gains can lead to different settling times. Besides, a generalized economical inequality condition <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\dot {V} \leq -c_{1}V-c_{2}V^{\upsilon +{\mathrm{ sign}}(V-r)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is proposed and a novel FxT stability lemma is also established. The complete theoretical proof is given to reveal that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r=1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> leads to desired settling time, some previous related results are improved. Based on the new FxT stability lemmas and differential inclusion theory, algebraic inequality conditions are provided to guarantee the FxT synchronization, which reports the first result on the FxT synchronization of different dimensional Filippov systems. Finally, numerical examples are provided to verify the correctness of the main theoretical results.
Southern Ocean bioproductivity during the last glacial cycle – new detection method and decadal-scale insight from the Scotia Sea

Abstract We present biogenic opal flux records from two deep-sea sites in the Scotia Sea (MD07-3133 and MD07-3134) at decadal-scale resolution, covering the last glacial cycle. In addition to conventional and time-consuming biogenic opal measuring methods, we introduce new biogenic opal estimation methods derived from sediment colour b*, wet bulk density, Si/Ti-count ratio and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS). All methods capture the biogenic opal amplitude; however, FTIRS–a novel method for marine sediment – yields the most reliable results. 230Th normalization data show strong differences in sediment focusing with intensified sediment focusing during glacial times. At MD07-3134 230Th normalized biogenic opal fluxes vary between 0.2 and 2.5 g cm−2 kyr−1. Our biogenic opal flux records indicate bioproductivity changes in the Southern Ocean, strongly influenced by sea ice distribution and also summer sea surface temperature changes. South of the Antarctic Polar Front, lowest bioproductivity occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum when upwelling of mid-depth water was reduced and sea ice cover intensified. Around 17 ka, bioproductivity increased abruptly, corresponding to rising atmospheric CO2 and decreasing seasonal sea ice coverage.
When memory meets distraction: The role of unexpected stimulus-driven attentional capture on contextual cueing

ABSTRACT Visuospatial attention plays a critical role in prioritizing behaviourally-relevant information and can be guided by task goals, stimulus salience, and memory. Here, we examined the interaction between memory-guided attention (contextual cueing) and stimulus-driven attention (unexpected colour singletons). In two visual search experiments with different set sizes, colour singletons were introduced unexpectedly in some trials after repeated configurations were used to establish contextual cueing. Reaction times were rapidly impacted by both contextual cueing and colour singletons, without significant interaction. However, introducing color singletons also impeded reaction times for novel configurations without color singletons, while repeated configurations were not impacted. These results suggest that on a trial level, contextual cueing and colour singleton effects are largely two independent factors driving selective attention, but there is evidence for a more general disruption of introducing distraction in cases where memory cannot be relied upon, suggesting a more complex interaction between attentional influences.
Controls of P-T path and element mobility on the formation of corundum pseudomorphs in Paleoproterozoic high-pressure anorthosite from Sittampundi, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract The Archaean Sittampundi Layered Magmatic Complex (SLC) of south India is interpreted as a part of the oceanic crust that formed in a suprasubduction zone setting. The assemblage corundum + anorthite + amphibole (magnesiohornblende to tschermakite to pargasite) + clinozoisite (C1PACz) developed in highly calcic anorthosite of the SLC at the culmination of a ca. 2.46 Ga tectonothermal event. Changing physicochemical conditions during this early Paleoproterozoic (Siderian) event produced spinel + anorthite + second generation amphibole through destabilization of corundum + first generation amphibole. Spinel retains the shape of the corundum that it replaces (spinel pseudomorphing corundum, SCP) and is surrounded by a rind of plagioclase that separates spinel from the matrix amphibole. Development of the assemblage chlorite + clinozoisite + secondary corundum after spinel + anorthite + amphibole marks the terminal metamorphic event in this area. Mass-balance calculations on pseudomorphs and modeling of preserved reaction textures show that Na, Mg, Ca, and silica were mobile during the formation of the SCP. Al and Fe were mobile at the grain scale but remained immobile in the scale of a thin section. Activity adjusted partial petrogenetic grid in the systems Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O (NCASH) and Na2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O (NCMASH) along with the mineralogy of the rocks that were co-metamorphosed with the anorthosite show that (1) the assemblage C1PACz was formed during high-pressure metamorphism (11 ± 1 kbar and 725 ± 25 °C), (2) SCP and the plagioclase rind around it were formed during exhumation of these higher pressure rocks to lower pressure (7 ± 1 kbar, 675 ± 50 °C) along a steeply decompressive retrograde P-T path, and (3) post decompression cooling and hydration at near isobaric condition triggered the formation of the chlorite-clinozoisite-secondary corundum assemblage (6-8 kbar, <620 °C). The inferred P-T path is consistent with the view that the studied area that represents Archaean oceanic crust of SSZ affinity was subducted and subsequently exhumed during the early Paleoproterozoic orogeny.
General situation and prospect evaluation of the shale gas in Niutitang Formation of Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas

In Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas,the shale gas in Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation is distributed over all areas except the corroded West Sichuan.And the effective thickness of the black shale is big,especially centralizes in the lower segment of Niutitang Formation.The thickness increases large from the central of Sichuan to the north,the east and the south and is generally above 40 m.The shale has high organic carbon content,more than 2% is in most areas of Sichuan Basin.The shale gas in Niutitang Formation has come to maturity or over maturity.This set of shales are deeply buried,evolved for a long time,and the preserved conditions complex,so,there are difficulties in exploration and development.The Niutitang Formation shale is buried deep over 7 km in the west,the north and the east of Sichuan Basin,therefore,these areas can only as the shale gas exploration potential areas.The most favorable exploration region is in the south of Sichuan Basin,and the second favorable areas are in West Hubei and East Chongqing.
Susceptibility of Solanum melongena L/Solanaceae to Drought at Different Growth Stages

The study on the susceptibility of Solanum melongena to drought at different growth stages was conducted in the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. S. melongena is one of the most relevant agricultural crops in the tropics and subtropical regions of Africa. However, drought has a significant effect on the rate of growth and fruit yield of the crop. However, the growth stage at which S. melongena is vulnerable to the effect of drought needs detailed research and clarification which is the focus of this study. Key morphological traits such as shoot height, number of leaves and branches, and leaf area and water-related physiological indices such as leaf area ratio, net assimilation rate, root shoot ratio, tissue water content including aboveground biomass, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll pigments, osmolytes accumulation, and antioxidants were observed and measured to find the effect of drought at different growth level. The result revealed that the morphological traits, water-related physiological indices, aboveground biomass, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidants such as alkaloids and flavonoids of S. melongena were drastically reduced under drought throughout the growth period, associated with vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stage. Osmolytes such as phenol and proline were more enhanced. Across the growth stages, S. melongena subjected to drought at the vegetative stage has exhibited the lowest performance in the measured parameters and has the lowest critical value. S. melongena at the vegetative stage was more vulnerable to drought than the flowering and fruiting stage. Susceptibility to drought of the crop at the vegetative stage can lead to poor growth and yielding.