Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minor- and trace-element composition of trioctahedral micas: a review

Abstract More than 19,000 analytical data mainly from the literature were used to study statistically the distribution patterns of F and the oxides of minor and trace elements (Ti, Sn, Sc, V, Cr, Ga, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Sr, Ba, Rb, Cs) in trioctahedral micas of the system phlogopite-annite/siderophyllite-polylithionite (PASP), which is divided here into seven varieties, whose compositional ranges are defined by the parameter mgli (= octahedral Mg minus Li). Plots of trace-element contents vs. mgli reveal that the elements form distinct groups according to the configuration of their distribution patterns. Substitution of most of these elements was established as a function of mgli. Micas incorporate the elements in different abundances of up to four orders of magnitude between the concentration highs and lows in micas of ‘normal’ composition. Only Zn, Sr and Sc are poorly correlated to mgli. In compositional extremes, some elements (Zn, Mn, Ba, Sr, Cs, Rb) may be enriched by up to 2 - 3 orders of magnitude relative to their mean abundance in the respective mica variety. Mica/melt partition coefficients calculated for Variscan granites of the German Erzgebirge demonstrate that trace-element partitioning is strongly dependent on the position of the mica in the PASP system, which has to be considered in petrogenetic modelling. This review indicates that for a number of trace elements, the concentration ranges are poorly known for some of the mica varieties, as they are for particular host rocks (i.e. igneous rocks of A-type affiliation). The study should help to develop optimal analytical strategies and to provide a tool to distinguish between micas of ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’ trace-element composition.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition After Myocardial Infarction: A New Approach to Prevent Heart Failure?

Abstract— Increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been implicated in numerous disease processes, including tumor growth and metastasis, arthritis, and periodontal disease. It is now becoming increasingly clear that extracellular matrix degradation by MMPs is also involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, restenosis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infarction. Administration of synthetic MMP inhibitors in experimental animal models of these cardiovascular diseases significantly inhibits the progression of, respectively, atherosclerotic lesion formation, neointima formation, left ventricular remodeling, pump dysfunction, and infarct healing. This review focuses on the role of MMPs in cardiovascular disease, in particular myocardial infarction and the subsequent progression to heart failure. MMPs, which are present in the myocardium and capable of degrading all the matrix components of the heart, are the driving force behind myocardial matrix remodeling. The recent finding that acute pharmacological inhibition of MMPs or deficiency in MMP-9 attenuates left ventricular dilatation in the infarcted mouse heart led to the proposal that MMP inhibitors could be used as a potential therapy for patients at risk for the development of heart failure after myocardial infarction. Although these promising results encourage the design of clinical trials with MMP inhibitors, there are still several unresolved issues. This review describes the biology of MMPs and discusses new insights into the role of MMPs in several cardiovascular diseases. Attention will be paid to the central role of the plasminogen system as an important activator of MMPs in the remodeling process after myocardial infarction. Finally, we speculate on the use of MMP inhibitors as potential therapy for heart failure.
Multiple Types of Perceived Job Discrimination and Sleep Health among Working Women: Findings from the Sister Study.

Job discrimination, a social stressor, may lead to sleep health disparities among workers; yet, limited research has examined this relationship and specific sources of job discrimination. We used a US sample of working women (n=26,085), participants of the Sister Study (2008-2016), to examine the associations of perceived job discrimination due to sex, race, age, health conditions, and/or sexual orientation with sleep health. Cross-sectionally, linear or logistic regression models revealed that each source of job discrimination was independently associated with different sleep problems after controlling for other sources of job discrimination. Longitudinally, among those without short sleep (<7hrs/night) at Time 1 (2012-2014), age-specific job discrimination was associated with 21% increased odds of new-onset short sleep (95% CI=1.03─1.43) at Time 2 (2014-2016). Among those without insomnia symptoms at Time 1, race-specific job discrimination was associated with 37% (95% CI=1.07─1.75) increased odds of new-onset insomnia symptoms at Time 2. Sex- and health-specific job discrimination also predicted new-onset sleepiness. There were dose-response relationships such that more sources (≥3) of job discrimination were associated with greater odds of prevalent and incident sleep problems. Perceived job discrimination may contribute to working women's poor sleep health over time, raising concerns about sleep health disparities emanating from the workplace.
Onset of the Rainy Seasons in the Eastern Indochina Peninsula

AbstractThe onset dates of rainy season over the eastern Indochina Peninsula (8.5°–23.5°N, 100°–110°E) are objectively determined for individual years from 1958 to 2007 using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. On average, the onset of the summer rainy season (SRS) determined by EOF1 is 6 May, with a standard deviation of 13 days. The autumn rainy season (ARS) indicated by EOF2 has a mean onset and standard deviation of 16 September and 12 days, respectively. The SRS onset is characterized by the evolution of summer monsoon westerlies and the northward propagation of strong convection from the equatorial region. Conversely, the withdrawal of the summer monsoon over northeastern Indochina in late summer–early autumn favors the ARS onset. Both onsets are strongly associated with intraseasonal oscillation on 30–60- and 10–20-day time scales.Examination of the precursory signals associated with the early/late onsets of both SRS and ARS implies that ENSO has a significant impact on their year-to-.
Trimpi occurrence and geomagnetic activity: Analysis of events detected at Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Station (L = 2.25)

[1] We present an analysis of the occurrence of Trimpi events observed at Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Antarctic Station (EACF), at L = 2.25, as observed by the amplitude of very low frequency (VLF) signals transmitted from Hawaii (NPM 21.4 kHz) from April 1996 to August 1999. The event parameters (total duration, amplitude variation, time incidence, and type (negative or positive)) were analyzed for 4394 events detected in the first year (solar minimum and relatively low Trimpi activity). The Trimpi occurrence was compared with geomagnetic activity for the whole period. A higher incidence of Trimpi events was observed near the equinoxes, with minima at the solstices following the same behavior as the Ap indices annual variation. During the day, their incidence peaked at ∼0700 and ∼1045 UT in accordance with the occurrence of lightning flashes in the geomagnetic conjugate regions but apparently not in agreement to the daily mean geomagnetic variation (Kp index) found to be peaked (in entire years sampling average) at 0300 UT and weaker at 0900 UT for the whole 4-year period. The relationship between Trimpi occurrence and rise in solar activity for cycle 23 is discussed. A sudden strong incidence of Trimpi events around 5 May 1998 and 27 August 1998 was attributed to pronounced magnetic storms (Dst index).
Shape and size of Antarctic icebergs derived from ship observation data

Abstract We have examined information on the shape and size of Antarctic icebergs as derived from the ship data archive of Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute. The data in the archive cover the period from 1957–2009. For each of five major iceberg shapes we have established their relative frequency of occurrence in the Southern Ocean and the frequency distribution of the iceberg length and freeboard. Weathered and tabular icebergs were observed most often and comprised 66.9% and 22.6% of all reported icebergs respectively. Sloping, pinnacle, and dome icebergs represented correspondingly only 5.6%, 3.2% and 1.7% of the total number of icebergs observed. A distinct maximum was found in frequency distributions of the iceberg length and freeboard for all iceberg shapes. The most frequently observed iceberg lengths (modal length) ranged from 100–200 m for weathered and pinnacled icebergs to 400–600 m for tabular and dome-shaped iceberg. The modal freeboard of icebergs changed from 30–40 m for tabular and weathered icebergs to 50–60 m for domed, pinnacle and sloping icebergs. To calculate the overall mean size parameters of Antarctic icebergs we totalled corresponding mean values for each iceberg shape weighted by the frequency of occurrence of icebergs of each shape. The mean iceberg length and the standard deviation obtained within this approach were correspondingly 381 m and 349 m. The mean iceberg freeboard was equal to 41.2 m with a standard deviation of 12.1 m.
Using δ15N- and δ18O-Values To Identify Nitrate Sources in Karst Ground Water, Guiyang, Southwest China

Nitrate pollution of the karstic groundwater is an increasingly serious problem with the development of Guiyang, the capital city of Guizhou Province, southwest China. The higher content of NO3- in groundwater compared to surface water during both summer and winter seasons indicates that the karstic groundwater system cannot easily recover once contaminated with nitrate. In order to assess the sources and conversion of nitrate in the groundwater of Guiyang, we analyzed the major ions, δ15N-NH4+, δ15N-NO3-, and δ18O-NO3- in surface and groundwater samples collected during both summer and winter seasons. The results show that nitrate is the major dominant species of nitrogen in most water samples and there is a big variation of nitrate sources in groundwater between winter and summer season, due to fast response of groundwater to rain or surface water in the karst area. Combined with information on NO3-/Cl-, the variations of the isotope values of nitrate in the groundwater show a mixing process of multiple.
Multifractal analysis of geomagnetic storm and solar flare indices and their class dependence

The multifractal properties of two indices of geomagnetic activity, D st (representative of low latitudes) and a p (representative of the global geomagnetic activity), with the solar X-ray brightness, X l , during the period from 1 March 1995 to 17 June 2003 are examined using multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA). The h(q) curves of D st and a p in the MF-DFA are similar to each other, but they are different from that of X l , indicating that the scaling properties of X l are different from those of D st and a p . Hence, one should not predict the magnitude of magnetic storms directly from solar X-ray observations. However, a strong relationship exists between the classes of the solar X-ray irradiance (the classes being chosen to separate solar flares of class X-M, class C, and class B or less, including no flares) in hourly measurements and the geomagnetic disturbances (large to moderate, small, or quiet) seen in D st and a p during the active period. Each time series was converted into a symbolic sequence using three classes. The frequency, yielding the measure representations, of the substrings in the symbolic sequences then characterizes the pattern of space weather events. Using the MF-DFA method and traditional multifractal analysis, we calculate the h(q), D(q), and τ (q) curves of the measure representations. The τ (q) curves indicate that the measure representations of these three indices are multifractal. On the basis of this three-class clustering, we find that the h(q), D(q), and τ (q) curves of the measure representations of these three indices are similar to each other for positive values of q. Hence, a positive flare storm class dependence is reflected in the scaling exponents h(q) in the MF-DFA and the multifractal exponents D(q) and τ (q). This finding indicates that the use of the solar flare classes could improve the prediction of the D st classes.
Note on the Erratic Blocks of Polaris Bay and Other Localities in North Greenland

Stan bridge pit, and were presented to the Woodwardian Museum by Mr. H. Coningsby; they are angular blocks, 10 x 6 x 6 and 7 x 7 x 6 inches in size, and weigh 16 lbs. and 13 lbs. respectively. Attached to their surface are numerous specimens of Plicatula sigillina, Woodw. , and Spondylus striatus (Sow.), and small concretions of iron pyrites. The quartzite is rather coarse-grained, and was originally a quartz-conglomerate. H. WOODS.
A Ground Motion Prediction Model for Deep Earthquakes beneath the Island of Hawaii

Until recently, no ground motion prediction model was available for deep (>20 km) Hawaiian earthquakes, including the 2006 M6.7 Kiholo Bay earthquake. We developed such a model based on the stochastic point-source model. Strong motion data from the 2006 event and 15 other deep Hawaiian earthquakes of M3.3 to M6.2 were inverted using a nonlinear least-squares inversion of Fourier amplitude spectra to estimate stress drops for input into the stochastic modeling and for the few larger events (M ≥ 5.0), to calibrate the ground motion prediction model. The ground motion model is valid for M3.5 to M7.5 over the Joyner-Boore (RJB) distance range of 20 km to 400 km and are for 5%-damped horizontal spectral acceleration at 27 periods from PGA (0.01 s) to 10.0 s. The shallow site condition assumed for the model is soil and weathered basalt with a mean VS30 of 428 m/s.
The marine 14C age of the Vedde Ash Bed along the west coast of Norway

Articulated molluscs, sea urchins and barnacle fragments close to the Vedde Ash Bed in a shallow marine deposit on the west coast of Norway have been 14C dated. The weighted mean of four dates from a sediment slice 8 cm thick centred on the Vedde Ash Bed is 10920 ± 24 14C yr BP. The most accurate 14C age of the Vedde Ash from terrestrial plant macrofossils is 10310 ± 50 yr BP. The difference is the 14C reservoir age for coastal water at the west coast of Norway during the mid-Younger Dryas and equals 610 ± 55 yr. This is 230 yr older than the reservoir age for the Bolling/Allerod and for the present day in this area. The result supports earlier conclusions of a higher reservoir age for the Younger Dryas in the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas, although our reservoir age of 610 ± 55 yr is a few hundred years younger. This suggests that the 14C reservoir age at Vedde Ash time may increase from coastal water towards the open North Atlantic and Nordic Seas. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CHARACTERISTIC FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS OF REMOTELY SENSED IN SITU AND MODELLED WIND SPEEDS

Near-surface wind data of the global ocean derived from ship observations and models of the atmosphere are used for weather and climate predictions. Recently, wind data from the scatterometer of the first European Remote Sensing (ERS-1) satellite became available. These global observations are prepared for operational assimilation into the model of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The remotely sensed winds have been validated in dedicated campaigns. However, data from such measurement campaigns incompletely cover the possible range of global winds. Here, characteristics of the general population distribution of global ocean wind speeds are investigated. The dynamic properties of the atmospheric circulation suggests the separation of the global winds into extratropical and tropical subsets. In situ wind speeds from the Ocean Weather Station M (OWS M) in the North Atlantic and the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) buoys in the tropical Pacific are representative for the high and low latitudes, respectively. In situ and modelled wind speeds from extratropical latitudes are reasonably simulated by the Weibull distribution, and from the tropical Pacific by the generalized extreme value distribution. The remotely sensed wind speeds agree poorly with the corresponding empirical distributions. The comparison of frequencies of wind speeds with empirical distributions is seen to contribute to the mutual quality assessment of global wind speeds. Near-surface wind fields of the global ocean are nowadays derived routinely from circulation models of the atmosphere and from the first European Remote Sensing (ERS-1) satellite. These data sets enclose the entire range of global wind fields, which cannot be accomplished by in situ measurements only. Thus two largely independent sources of wind data sets are available to identify characteristics of the distribution of wind speeds over the global ocean.
MODIS observations of enhanced clear sky reflectance near clouds

Several recent studies have found that the brightness of clear sky systematically increases near clouds. Understanding this increase is important both for a correct interpretation of observations and for improving our knowledge of aerosol‐cloud interactions. However, while the studies suggested several processes to explain the increase, the significance of each process is yet to be determined. This study examines one of the suggested processes—three‐dimensional (3‐D) radiative interactions between clouds and their surroundings—by analyzing a large dataset of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) observations over the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. The results indicate that 3‐D effects are responsible for a large portion of the observed increase, which extends to about 15 km away from clouds and is stronger (i) at shorter wavelengths (ii) near optically thicker clouds and (iii) near illuminated cloud sides. This implies that it is important to account for 3‐D radiative effects in the interpretation of solar reflectance measurements over clear regions in the vicinity of clouds.
Crystal Structures and Mutational Analyses of Acyl-CoA Carboxylase β Subunit of Streptomyces coelicolor

The first committed step of fatty acid and polyketides biosynthesis, the biotin-dependent carboxylation of an acyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA carboxylases (ACCases) such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC). ACC and PCC in Streptomyces coelicolor are homologues multisubunit complexes that can carboxylate different short chain acyl-CoAs. While ACC is able to carboxylate acetyl-, propionyl-, or butyryl-CoA with approximately the same specificity, PCC only recognizes propionyl- and butyryl-CoA as substrates. How ACC and PCC have such different specificities towards these substrates is only partially understood. To further understand the molecular basis of how the active site residues can modulate the substrate recognition, we mutated D422, N80, R456 and R457 of PccB, the catalytic beta subunit of PCC. The crystal structures of six PccB mutants and the wild type crystal structure were compared systematically to establish the sequence-structure-function relationship that correlates the observed substrate specificity towards acetyl-, propionyl- and butyryl-CoA with active site that residue 422 of PccB is a key determinant of substrate specificity, and show that most D422 mutants do not significantly change the oligomeric state of the protein or the β – ε interaction upon the single mutation. relatively shorter acyl-CoA binding pockets, might result in their inability to bind butyryl-CoA, We conclude that mutations of residue 422 affects the ACCase substrate specificity by altering the size and electronic property of the acyl-CoA binding pocket, but also producing long-distant conformational changes of two loops important for protein-CoA phosphate interactions.
Low-latitude sea-surface temperatures for the mid-Cretaceous and the evolution of planktic foraminifera

Isotopic data from exceptionally well preserved foraminifera show that the subtropical North Atlantic had sea surface temperatures (SSTs) between 30 and 31 °C during the late Albian and early Cenomanian. These temperatures were warmer than average modern temperatures in the tropical western Atlantic and support previous inferences based on diagenetically suspect material of Albian tropical SSTs of ∼30 °C. This finding is consistent with basic theories of oceanic thermal response in the tropics to the high atmospheric carbon dioxide levels during the middle-Cretaceous greenhouse. However, our data do not support the concept of a super-Tethyan region of hypersaline waters in the western North Atlantic during late Albian and early Cenomanian time, because seawater salinities substantially higher than modern ones would require significantly higher SSTs than those reported here. Isotopic analysis of mid-Cretaceous planktic foraminifera shows that Planomalina , Ticinella , and Biticinella grew in surface waters and provide isotopic proxies for SST, whereas deeper growing species include Hedbergella , Rotalipora , and Praeglobotruncana . None of these taxa display isotopic indications of photosymbiosis, suggesting that this ecology did not evolve in planktic foraminifera before the Late Cretaceous. Contrary to previous hypotheses, none of these species increased their depth habitat during their life cycles, unlike many extant planktic foraminifera. The rotaliporids may have been preferentially susceptible to extinction during oceanic anoxic events because they lived within or below the thermocline for most of their life cycles.
The aboriginal population of Australia

The author reviews and evaluates the information available on the history of the aboriginal population of Australia its present structure and its future potential. In Part 1 he examines definitions of the aboriginal population and discusses sources of data including censuses and other official and unofficial sources. Part 2 covers the prehistory of the Australian population and Part 3 deals with the aboriginal population of individual states and territories. In Part 4 the total aboriginal population of Australia is examined with consideration given to sex and age structure aboriginal demographic transitions recent demographic trends and projections to the year 2001