Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multigenerational Social Housing and Group-Rearing Enhance Female Reproductive Success in Captive Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Simple Summary It is currently common practice to house non-human primates at biomedical research facilities, e.g., rhesus macaques, in social groups. To enhance female reproductive success, peer groups are formed. In these breeding groups, infants are taken from their mother at an age of ten months and housed with animals of approximately the same age. Yet for welfare, leaving offspring with their mother and allowing multigenerational groups including families is preferred. This argues that a trade-off between female reproductive success and welfare exists. In this retrospective study we investigated the differences in female rhesus macaque reproductive success between peer groups and multigenerational groups. Our results show that females in multigenerational groups have more births per year and have higher offspring survival compared with those in peer groups. Thus, housing rhesus macaques in multigenerational groups provides a win−win situation, rather than a trade-off, in which female reproductive success and animal welfare can simultaneously be optimized. Abstract To optimize costs and reproductive success, rhesus macaques in biomedical primate research facilities are often peer-reared. Older, dependent infants are typically removed from their natal group to enhance female reproduction. The minimal husbandry age-norm of infant removal is ten months. These practices deviate from species-specific behavior and may reduce welfare, suggesting a trade-off between female reproduction and welfare. However, the effect of breeding group type and rearing history on female reproductive success (i.e., birth rate; inter-birth interval (IBI); offspring survival) is unclear. This retrospective study investigated whether group type (i.e., peer groups versus multigenerational groups) and rearing history (i.e., peer- or hand-reared; group-reared with peer- or hand-reared mother; group-reared) affected female reproductive success in captive rhesus macaques. Data on female reproduction between 1996 and 2019 were collected at the Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk. Birth rates were higher in multigenerational breeding groups than in peer groups. Moreover, group-reared females had higher offspring survival than peer- or hand-reared females. IBI was not affected by breeding group type or female rearing history. However, females in both peer and multigenerational breeding groups typically conceived earlier after giving birth than the husbandry infant removal age-norm of ten months. Thus, infant removal at an age of ten months does not enhance a female’s reproduction. Altogether, female reproduction and non-human primate welfare can simultaneously be optimized through multigenerational breeding groups and group-rearing.
Type I ELM Energy and Particle losses in JET ELMy H-modes

A. Loarte1, M. Becoulet2, G. Saibene1, R. Sartori1, B. Alper3, P.J. Lomas3, W. Suttrop4, S. Jachmich5, T. Eich5, P. Hennequin6, A. Kallenbach4, G. Matthews3 1EFDA-CSU, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, D-85748 Garching, Germany 2Association Euratom-CEA, DRFC, CEA Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul lez Durance, France 3EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham, Abingdon, Oxon. OX14 3DB, UK 4Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Euratom Assoziation, D-85748 Garching, Germany 5Institut für Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D 52425 Jülich, Germany 6Laboratoire PMI, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
Database on Beneficial Reuse of Foundry By-Products

This paper describes a database on beneficial reuse of foundry by-products that was assembled at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The database was designed to identify (1) materials and markets where methods and specifications exist such that beneficial reuse can begin or be expanded immediately and (2) areas in need of further research. Ninety projects in 14 states and two locations in Canada were evaluated. A broad variety of applications were identified including flowable fills, geotechnical fills, Portland cement concrete and related products, asphalt concrete, Portland cement manufacturing, landfill barrier layers, and agronomic amendments. A technical review was performed of several projects in each reuse area, which consisted of summarizing research activities and actual projects. Whenever possible, specifications and methods were identified and recommendations summarized.
Pulses Yield Gap Minimization: Consequences of CFLD-Pulses in India

The present study is the analysis of large scale data (31949 ha area and 79873 farmers) generated through the CFLD on pulses across the major pulses growing states under the ICAR-ATARIs of Kanpur, Jodhpur, Pune, Jabalpur, Kolkata, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Bangalore and Patna. The present analysis represented the pulse crops of kharif (pigeon pea-5556 ha, black gram-6067 ha and green gram-2689 ha), rabi (chickpea-8376 ha, lentil 3747 ha and field pea-1890 ha) and summer (green gram-3624 ha) seasons. The average performance data of CFLD were obtained for the above states during the cropping seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18. Thus, CFLD data were analyzed from across minimum of 13 states (green gram) and maximum of 19 states (black gram). The major variables analyzed were average yield obtained from the check plots and demonstrations plots. These yields were computed for yield advantages and also compared with the reported district level, state level, National level yields and the potential yields of the respective crops in the given states (data procured from secondary sources for the year 2017-18). Accordingly the yield gaps and yield gap minimized at various levels were analyzed using appropriate methods and their degree of variation was also computed for the seasons and crops.
Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry: Developments and Applications for Enantioselective Analysis from 2011–2020

It is now more than 25 years since the first report of enantioselective analysis by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) appeared. This article reviews the power of chiral CE-MS in resolving issues on the use of chiral selector incompatibility with MS and poor detectability encountered for chiral compounds by UV detection. The review begins with the general principles, requirements, and critical aspects of chiral CE-MS instrumentation. Next, the review provides a survey of MS-compatible chiral selectors (CSs) reported during the past decade, and the key achievements encountered in the time period using these CSs. Within the context of the strategies used to combine CE and MS, special attention is paid to the approaches that feature partial filling technique, counter-migration techniques, and direct use of CS, such as molecular micelles. In particular, the development and application of moving and fixed CS for EKC-MS, MEKC-MS, and CEC-MS demonstrate how various chiral compounds analyses were solved in a simple and elegant way during the 2010–2020 review period. The most noteworthy applications in the determination of chiral compounds are critically examined. The operating analytical conditions are detailed in the Tables, and the authors provide commentary on future trends of chiral separations by CE-MS.
A Survey on Attack Detection and Resilience for Connected and Automated Vehicles: From Vehicle Dynamics and Control Perspective

Recent advances in attack/anomaly detection and resilience strategies for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are reviewed from vehicle dynamics and control perspective. Compared to traditional vehicles, CAVs are featured in the increasing number of perception sensors, advanced intra-vehicle communication technologies, capabilities of driving automation and connectivity between single vehicles. These features bring about safety issues which are not encountered in traditional vehicle systems. One main type of these issues is the attack or anomaly launched onto the perception sensors and the communication channels. With such a consideration, this survey summarizes and reviews the existing results on attack/anomaly detection and resilience of CAVs in control frameworks. This paper reviews the results according to the positions at which the attacks/anomalies occur. These positions are divided into three categories, namely, intra-vehicle communication network, perception sensors and inter-vehicle communication network. From this perspective, the recent attack/anomaly detection and resilience results are reviewed according to different positions attacked. After reviewing existing results, some potential research directions and challenges are identified.
Acne, Microbiome, and Probiotics: The Gut–Skin Axis

The objective of this narrative review was to check the influence of the human microbiota in the pathogenesis of acne and how the treatment with probiotics as adjuvant or alternative therapy affects the evolution of acne vulgaris. Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving the pilosebaceous units. The pathogenesis of acne is complex and multifactorial involving genetic, metabolic, and hormonal factors in which both skin and gut microbiota are implicated. Numerous studies have shown the bidirectionality between the intestinal microbiota and skin homeostasis, a communication mainly established by modifying the immune system. Increased data on the mechanisms of action regarding the relevance of Cutibacterium acnes, as well as the importance of the gut–skin axis, are becoming known. Diverse and varied in vitro studies have shown the potential beneficial effects of probiotics in this context. Clinical trials with both topical and oral probiotics are scarce, although they have shown positive results, especially with oral probiotics through the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, generating an anti-inflammatory response and restoring intestinal integrity, or through metabolic pathways involving insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1). Given the aggressiveness of some standard acne treatments, probiotics should continue to be investigated as an alternative or adjuvant therapy.
The Benefits of Radical Treatments with Synchronous Splenectomy for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Portal Hypertension

Simple Summary Radical treatment combined with synchronous splenectomy has recently emerged as an effective therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in the setting of portal hypertension secondary to liver cirrhosis, but its survival benefits remain to be elucidated. We retrospectively analyzed a longitudinal cohort of 96 patients receiving HCC radical treatment combined with splenectomy and a control group comprising 42 patients receiving radical treatment alone, comparing the oncological outcomes of the synchronous splenectomy for the two subgroups. Our analysis highlighted better recurrence-free survival (RFS), particularly in stage T1 patients. Cox multivariate analysis showed that preoperative irregular anti-viral therapy, Child-Pugh grade B liver function, vascular invasion, and microvascular invasion (MVI) were independent risk factors for early postoperative RFS (within 2 years), and preoperative irregular anti-viral therapy and vascular invasion were independent risk factors for 5-year overall survival (OS). Abstract Background: The survival benefits of radical treatment (resection or radiofrequency ablation) combined with splenectomy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with liver-cirrhosis-associated portal hypertension (PH) remain to be clarified. Methods: 96 patients undertaking HCC radical treatment combined with splenectomy (HS group) were retrospectively analyzed, 48 of whom belonged to HCC stage T1 (HSS group). Another 42 patients at stage T1 with PH who received hepatectomy (or radiofrequency ablation) alone (HA group) during the same period served as the control group. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared at each time point between the HSS and HA group. The risk factors affecting early RFS and OS were confirmed through COX multivariate analysis. Results: The median RFS was 22.3 months and the mean median OS was 46 months in the HS group. As such, 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, and 5-year RFS rates in the HSS and HA group were 95% and 81% (p = 0.041), 81% and 67% (p = 0.05), 64% and 62% (p = 1.00), and 29% and 45% (p = 0.10), respectively. Further, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS rates in the HSS and HA group were 98% and 98% (p = 1.00), 79% and 88% (p = 0.50), and 60% and 64% (p = 0.61), respectively. Cox multivariate analysis showed that preoperative irregular anti-viral therapy, Child-Pugh grade B liver function, vascular invasion, and microvascular invasion (MVI) were independent risk factors for early postoperative RFS (within 2 years), and preoperative irregular anti-viral therapy and vascular invasion were independent risk factors for 5-year OS. Conclusions: Radical treatment of HCC combined with synchronous splenectomy, especially applicable to patients with Child-Pugh grade A liver function, can significantly improve early postoperative RFS in patients with stage T1 HCC and liver-cirrhosis-associated portal hypertension, but fail to improve OS.
The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Planning of Surgical Treatment of Deep Pelvic Endometriosis

Background To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the planning of surgical treatment of deep pelvic endometriosis. Materials and Methods From January 2020 to December 2021, we evaluated 72 patients with symptoms characteristic of endometriosis to plan appropriate surgical treatment. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive values (VPP/VPN), and the accuracy of MRI for the detection of deep pelvic endometriosis were calculated. Results Seventy-two patients (mean age, 35.5 years; range, 20–46 years) suspected of having pelvic endometriosis were recruited. Pelvic endometriosis was confirmed at pathologic examination in 56 (77.7%) of 72 patients. A total of 22 (39.3%) of 56 patients were subjected to video laparoscopy (VLS), and 16 (72.2%) of 22 were treated by surgery. Se, Sp, VPP, and VPN in intestinal endometriosis diagnosis were, respectively, 100%, 93.3%, 100%, and 87.5%, and diagnostic accuracy was 95.4%. MRI Se in ureteral endometriosis diagnosis was 50%, Sp 100%, VPP 100%, VPN 78%, and diagnostic accuracy 82%. MRI Se in endometrioma diagnosis was 92.3%, Sp 100%, VPP 100%, VPN 90%, and diagnostic accuracy 95.4%. MRI Se in rectum-vaginal septum (SRV) endometriosis diagnosis was 80%, Sp 100%, VPP 100% VPN 85.7%, and diagnostic accuracy 91%. The MRI Se in the diagnosis of endometriosis involving ULS was 100%, Sp 92.8%, VPP 89%, VPN 100%, and diagnostic accuracy 95.4%. Complete concordance results in a 100% accuracy for all calculated values in diagnosing bladder endometriosis localizations. Conclusion MR imaging demonstrates high accuracy in detecting deep pelvic endometriosis in specific locations. It allows the localization of deep pelvic lesions with highly fibrotic components that are hardly recognizable with other imaging methods and not visible with VLS.
Tracing lateral subsurface flow in layered soils by undisturbed monolith sampling, targeted laboratory experiments, and model‐based analysis

Lateral subsurface flow (LSF) is a phenomenon frequently occurring in the field induced by local water saturation along horizon boundaries under nonequilibrium conditions. However, observations of LSF in undisturbed soils under controlled irrigation in the laboratory are limited but needed for model improvement, prediction, and quantification of LSF. We present a method for extracting an undisturbed soil monolith along a soil horizon boundary and introduce an experimental setup for the measurement of LSF and an irrigation device for simulating rainfall. An experimental test run was simulated using HYDRUS 2D. Water infiltrating into the monolith and flowing either laterally along the horizon boundary or vertically through the bottom horizon could be separately captured by suction discs at the side and the bottom. Thus, a clear distinction between lateral and vertical flow was possible. Pressure heads and water contents were recorded by tensiometers and frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) sensors distributed across the monolith in a regular two‐dimensional, vertical, cross‐sectional pattern. Sensor readings indicated the presence of nonequilibrium conditions within the monolith. Modeling results could reproduce the lateral and vertical outflow of the monolith under constant irrigation, thus showing that water flow within the monolith under steady‐state conditions can be explained by the Richards equation and the van Genuchten–Mualem model. The presented method can be used to improve and verify models designed for the prediction of the onset of LSF including that induced by local nonequilibrium conditions.
CTG / AGITG CO . 17 Results from NCIC − − Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer , and PTEN Status and Benefit from Cetuximab in the PIK 3 CA , BRAF

Purpose: Cetuximab improves survival in patients with K-ras wild-type advanced colorectal cancer. We examined the predictive and prognostic significance of additional biomarkers in this setting, in particular BRAF, PIK3CA, and PTEN. Experimental Design: Available colorectal tumor samples were analyzed from the CO.17 study. BRAF mutations were identified in tumor-derived DNA by direct sequencing and PIK3CA mutations were identified using a high-resolution melting screen with confirmation by sequencing. PTEN expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on tissue microarrays. For each biomarker, prognostic and predictive effects were examined using a Cox model with tests for treatment–biomarker interaction. Results: A total of 572 patients with pretreated colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to receive cetuximabor best supportive care (BSC). Of 401patients assessed forBRAF status, 13 (3.2%)hadmutations. Of 407patients assessed for PIK3CA status, 61 (15%)hadmutations.Of 205patients assessed for PTEN, 148 (72%) were negative for IHC expression. None of BRAF, PIK3CA, or PTEN was prognostic for overall or progression-free survival in the BSC arm.Nonewas predictive of benefit from cetuximab, either in thewhole study population or the K-ras wild-type subset. In the K-ras wild-type subgroup, the overall survival adjusted HR according to BRAFmutation status was 1.39 (interaction P1⁄4 0.69), PIK3CAmutation status HR1⁄4 0.79 (interaction P 1⁄4 0.63), and PTEN expression HR 1⁄4 0.75 (interaction P 1⁄4 0.61). Conclusions: In chemotherapy-refractory colorectal cancer, neither PIK3CA mutation status nor PTEN expression were prognostic, nor were they predictive of benefit from cetuximab. Evaluation of predictive significance of BRAFmutations requires a larger sample size. Clin Cancer Res; 20(3); 744–53. 2013 AACR.
Zero change CMOS microring modulators at 1550 nm: Modeling and characterization

While optical communications are the standard solution for long haul communications, its adoption for short range (i.e, intra- and inter-chip interconnects and metro-area) transmission systems, where a considerable increase in data rates and a decrease in power consumption is to be gained, has been hampered mainly because the high cost associated to the fabrication of discrete optical components. The integration of photonic components in a single substrate, in what is known as silicon photonics, arises as a promising solution to overcome this limitation. Specifically, zero change CMOS silicon photonics, in which photonic components are fabricated in state of the art commercial microelectronic foundries without any change in the fabrication flow, therefore not modifying the transistor yield, enables the monolithic integration of electronics and photonics at a very low cost. Nevertheless, this comes at an expense in the control of the fabrication process and, as such, in the performance of the devices. It is of paramount importance, then, to carefully design, model and optimize these photonic components and test them experimentally. It is the object of this thesis to do so for one of the photonic components necessary for optical communications: modulators. To avoid high optical losses and achieve high optical confinement, the whispering gallery modes of silicon rings (with radii in the order of um) are exploited, and effective modulation is achieved by changing the carrier density in the silicon by means of pn junctions. In this thesis, high speed (25 Gbps) modulation at a working wavelength of 1550 nm is reported for the first time in a zero-change CMOS platform, and it is also demonstrated that this photonics platform can be readily used for low temperature (4 K) applications. A complete model of a silicon microring modulator that includes nonlinear effects (which can have an important detrimental effect in the device performance) is also derived, and from it power handling capabilities of these modulators are determined. By realizing high-speed an efficient optical modulators at the telecommunications wave- length, the potential of these CMOS photonics platform for addressing the future demands in the telecom and datacom systems by the fabrication of high scale electronic-photonic systems has been unveiled.
Temperature-dependent phonon anharmonicity and thermal transport in 
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The Cu-based chalcopyrite compounds are good thermoelectrics for waste heat harvesting, partially due to the dramatic reduction of the thermal conductivity above Debye temperature, whereas the mechanism of this drop is still elusive. By Raman measurements from 7 to 780 K, we have investigated the anharmonicity of the phonon modes B 12 , A 1 , and B 32 in CuInTe 2 . The fourth-order anharmonicity of B 12 and B 32 modes is greatly enhanced with increasing temperature and becomes dominant above 400 K. The phonon dynamics is calculated from 10 to 800 K. The fourth-order anharmonicity is predominant over the third-order ones for the phonon modes at low ( < 70 cm − 1 ) and high ( > 130 cm − 1 ) frequency domains, conﬁrmed by the enhanced weighted phase space and scattering rate of the four-phonon processes above 300 K. The phonon avoided-crossing is found to take place around 40 cm − 1 between the lowest-optical mode and acoustic modes. Counting on the fourth-order phonon anharmonicity, the calculated lattice thermal conductivity agrees well with experiment. The results unveil that the dramatic thermal conductivity reduction, about 83% from 300 to 800 K, originates from the enhanced four-phonon process. Our insights on the thermal transport mechanisms might beneﬁt the materials