Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFICIENT in vitro PROPAGATION OF Amaranthus viridis L. USING NODE EXPLANTS

Hyperhydricity is a frequently problem in plants during in vitro culture and affected micropropagation of plants. To develop an efficient in vitro regenerated system without hyperdydricity, we demonstrated the effect of different disinfected agents (mercuric chlorite and hypochlorite), growth regulators, their concentrations and combinations, Agar, pH, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and number of subcultures. Mercuric chlorite at 0.07% and exposing time (9–10 min) was appropriate for hygienic culture. The shoots induced by Benzyladnine (BA) alone or in combination with α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) exhibited maximum multiplication with symptoms of hyperhydricity than those induced by Kinetin alone or in combination with NAA. Hyperhydricity was also reduced by increasing the concentration of agar, pH and elimination of NH4NO3 from the macroelements of Murashig and Skoog (MS) medium. Repeated subcultures affected both multiplication and hyperhydricity. The multiplication of shoots increased from parental culture up to 5th subculture and thereafter declined in 6th subculture. Although shoot hyperhydricity were observed from 1st subculture (19%) and then increased up to 85% in 6th subculture. This increased in hyperhydricity could be due to the remaining influence of hormones. In shoots of 5th subculture the content of chlorophyll (dark green) were higher than shoots of 6th subculture.
Nitrogen fixation in a subarctic mire

An investigation of biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in situ, as part of the Swedish IBP Tundra Biome Project, was carried out during the summer of 1971. The main site was a subarctic continental, ombrotrophic mire with permafrost, situated near Abisko in Lappland (northern Sweden). Low nitrogen fixation, mainly by aerobic bacteria, occurred in elevated (ombrotrophic) areas of the mire. In large wet depressions and pools, on the other hand, fixation by blue-green algae was quite appreciable. The algae were found to be epiphytically or intracellularly associated with Sphagnum and Drepanocladus mosses. Lichens with blue-green algal phycobionts or cephalodia are rare at the investigated site, and the few plants tested showed comparatively small activity, probably due to poor nutritional status (ombrotrophic conditions). In other parts of the Tornetrdsk area they are however considered to be of great importance.
In Reply

1. Manegold G, Meyer-Monard S, Tichelli A, Pauli D, Holzgreve W, Troeger C. Cesarean section due to fetal distress increases the number of stem cells in umbilical cord blood. Transfusion 2008;48:871-6. 2. Lim FT, Scherjon SA, van Beckhoven JM, Brand A, Kanhai HH, Hermans JM, Falkenburg JH. Association of stress during delivery with increased numbers of nucleated cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells in umbilical cord blood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:1144-51. 3. Solves P, Perales A, Mirabet V, Roig R. Stress factors and umbilical cord blood banking. Transfus Med 2007;17:205-6. 4. Solves P, Perales A, Moraga R, Saucedo E, Soler MA, Monleón J. Maternal, neonatal and collection factors influencing the haematopoietic content of cord blood units. Acta Haematol 2005;113:241-6. 5. Solves P, Larrea L, Soler MA, Mirabet V. Relationship between gestational age and cord blood quality. Transfusion 2001;41:302-4.
Effects of Chinese herbal medicinal ingredient on cells mediated immunity in mice

The immune stimulating activities of nine Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients(CHMIs),including astragalus polysaccharide(APS),propolis polysaccharide(PPS),epimedium polysaccharide(EPS),Chinese angelica polysaccharide(CAPS),isatis root polysaccharide(IRPS),propolis flavone(PF),epimedium flavone(EF),ginsenoside(GS)and astrogaloside(AS)were tested.The results showed that APS,EPS,CAPS,IRPS,PF and GS markedly stimulated peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes which induced by ConA or LPS to proliferate;APS,EPS,CAPS,PF,EF and GS enhanced natural killer (NK)cell activity and induce activiation of murine peritoneal macrophages(PMφ);APS,PF,EF,GS,EPS and AS markedly raised the numbers of plaque forming cell(PFC). It suggested that the CHMIs had stimulating activities on cells mediated immunity in different ways and different target cells in mice,and they could be used clinically as the candidates of animal immune enhancer.
Threonine Supplementation of Practical Diets for 3- to 60 Wk-Old Broilers

Abstract Threonine is generally considered the third limiting amino acid after methionine and lysine in broiler production. Less information is available on the quantitative requirement of threonine for older broilers than for birds during the starter phase. The experiments reported here suggest that the threonine requirement for male broilers from 3 to 6 wk of age fed a 20% protein diet containing 3200 kcal ME/kg is no higher than 0.70%. The requirement for females is less. These requirement estimates are lower than those given in the 1994 National Research Council report.
Effects on Growth of Fingerling Channel Catfish of Diets Containing Two Energy and Two Protein Levels

The feasibility of growing channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) to marketable size in fertilized and unfertilized ponds by supplemental feeding of dry pelleted feeds was reported by Swingle (1958). Tiemeier and Elder (1960) reported on the recovery of stunted channel catfish during supplemental feeding and Tiemeier (1962) obtained excellent results from feeding large numbers of fingerling channel catfish in small ponds. Phillips and Brockway (1959) presented data on dietary calories and the production of trout in hatcheries. Phillips et al. (1963) discussed the effect of diet mixture and Calorie source on growth, mortality, feed conversion and chemical composition of brook trout. Nail (1962), experimenting with channel catfish in troughs, found that a 25.3 per cent protein level produced optimum growth compared with diets containing 6.3, 15.8, and 34.8 per cent protein. Slightly better gains were also obtained from diets containing 18.6 per cent carbohydrates than with those containing 9.3 per cent. During 1963, 28 1/4-acre earthen experimental ponds were constructed below Tuttle Creek Reservoir' near Manhattan, Kansas, along with an observatory pond an a metal building, which constitute the Tuttle Creek Fisheries Research Laboratory. The laboratory was built on land licensed from the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and funds to build and maintain the facility were and are being provided by the Kansas Forestry, Fish and Game Commission, Agricultural Experiment Station of Kansas State University, and the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Sixteen nearly identical polyethylene-lined ponds were stocked with approximately 2,000 fingerling channel catfish in April, 1964. Beginning 14 April, identical amounts of dry pelleted feeds were given to the fish in each pond the remainder of the summer. Four diets were used, each in 4 randomly selected ponds. Fish were fed 6 days each week and 50 fish were weighed from a seining of usually several hundred from each pond at 2-week intervals. Starting 2 June, each pond was given an amount of feed equal to 4 per cent of the total average weight of the
Ligand blot analysis of Bt Cry1A toxin binding with the midgut brush border membrane vesicle receptors of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

Isolation and identification of the binding proteins of CrylA toxins in the midgut brush border membrane vesicles(BBMV)of Chilo suppressalis is very important for understanding the mode of action and resistance mechanism of CrylA toxins.In the present study,insecticidal activity and ligand binding of Bacillus thuringiensis CrylA toxins to the midgut BBMV of striped rice stem borer C.suppresalis were investigated.The results indicated that Cryl Ab was more toxic than Cryl Ac,and CrylAc was more toxic than Cryl Aa against the 3rd instar larvae of the laboratory strain(CN)of C.suppresalis. Ligand blot analysis showed that there were six major proteins(50,70,90,120,160 and 180 kDa)binding to Cryl Ac in the midgut BBMV of the CN strain.Bands of 180,160 and 90 kDa binding proteins were much darker than the others,suggesting that these proteins had higher binding concentrations.Results of homologous competition binding indicated that the 180 and 90 kDa protein bands were of low binding affinity,while the other four protein bands(160,120,70 and 50 kDa)were of high binding affinity.Heterologous competition binding assays were conducted to study cross-reactivity of the binding sites between Cryl Ab and CrylAc.CrylAb competed for all binding sites recognized by CrylAc,with high affinity to 180,120,70 and 50 kDa proteins and low affinity to 160 and 90 kDa proteins.These data suggest that Cryl Ac and CrylAb share several common binding sites in the midgut BBMV of C.suppressalis,but they have different binding affinity with respect to each binding site.Considering the similarity in binding sites,Cryl Ab and Cryl Ac should not be used simultaneously in the transgenic Bt rice to control the target pest C.suppressalis.
Diel movement of smallmouth yellowfish Labeobarbus aeneus in the Vaal River, South Africa

Diel movements of Orange–Vaal smallmouth yellowfish Labeobarbus aeneus (Burchell, 1822) in the Vaal River, South Africa, were determined by externally attaching radio transmitters to 11 adult fish and manually tracking them between March and May 2012. Twenty-four radio telemetry monitoring surveys produced 2 304 diel tracks. At night, yellowfish displayed a preference for slow shallow (<0.3 m s−1, <0.5 m) and fast shallow habitats (>0.3 m s−1, <0.3 m), whereas by day they avoided these habitats, preferring fast deep areas (>0.3 m s−1, >0.3 m). The average total distance of 272 m moved per 24-hour period was three times greater than the diel range, and the average maximum displacement per minute was significantly higher in daytime (4 m) than at night (1.5 m). These findings suggest that L. aeneus is active primarily during the day in fast-flowing, deeper waters, and relatively inactive at night, when it occupies shallower habitats. This behaviour should be further explored to identify causal mechanisms underlying the diel habitat shifts in this species such as water temperature, foraging tactics and/or predator avoidance.
Occurrence and Activity of Slime Nets, Labyrinthula sp. Among Aquatic Plants in Cold and Oligohaline Baltic Sea Waters

Slime nets, Labyrinthula sp. , were found associated with several seagrass species, e.g., Zannichellia palustris, Zostera marina and Myriophyllum sibiricum, and on the alga Vaucheria sp. in autumn and winter samples from western Åland (N Baltic Sea, salinity 4–6 PSU). Labyrinthula survived for many months and increased in dark and cool conditions among decaying plants, indicating a non-parasitic mode of life. Labyrinthula colonies from natural samples were studied in small chambers where the organism, even in cool water, settled and made new slimeways, filopods and lamellipods on the bottom glass. Labyrinthula was preyed upon by several amoeba species. Slime nets have probably been overlooked and they are seldom reported from the Baltic Sea.
Survival of Honey Bees, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Fed Various Pollen Sources

Twenty-five pure pollens plus several blends of pollen were fed as sole protein sources to honey bees, Apis mellifera L. , and resultant survival of bees on these diets was measured. Average increase in mean life span of bees on a pollen diet versus sugar water controls was 19.5 d, with a range from 3.9 d less than the controls for Ambrosia to 40.6 d longer, for a five-pollen blend. Actual consumption of test pollen diets also varied dramatically among test pollens, with a mean consumption of 16.5 mg pollen per bee for the first 10 d and a range of 1.9—29.0 mg per bee. Pollens that induced decreased life span included Ambrosia, Uromyces (a rust spore), Typha , and Kallstroemia ; those that induced little increase in life span included Haplopappus, Baccharis , and Taraxacum; and those that induced the greatest increase in life span included Ephedra, Prosopis, Rubus, Populus , and two blends of pollen. Increased life span was not correlated with pollen grain size, grain spininess, or dispersal vector (biotic versus abiotic) and was weakly correlated with season of floral bloom (pollen produced in spring was better than that produced in fall). Pollen from the family Compositae was poorer than average pollen. Major factors affecting life span were amount of pollen consumed, protein concentration in the pollen, and, especially, total amount of pollen protein consumed. By combining information relating to consumption levels and protein intake, reasons why a pollen caused the observed life span could be determined. Reasons included presence or absence of attractants and phagostimulants/deterrents, presence of toxic compounds, and a poor nutrient balance or level.
To the Editor

Hidajat M, Barbolla L, Tardivel R, Defoin L, Waller C, Mendel I, Raidot JP, Kandel G, De Meuter R, Fabrigli P, Dehenau D, Arroyo JL, Padrón F, Gouezec H, Corral M, Jacquet M, Sundin D, Lin L, Corash L. An active haemovigilance programme characterizing the safety profile of 7437 platelet transfusions prepared with amotosalen photochemical treatment. Vox Sang 2008;94:31523. 3. Morrison AJ, Shulman JA. Community-acquired blood stream infection caused by Pseudomonas paucimobilis: case report and review of the literature. J Clin Microbiol 1986;24:853-5. 4. Kilic A, Senses Z, Kurekci AE, Aydogan H, Sener K, Kismet E, Basustaoglu AC. Nosocomial outbreak of Sphingomonas paucimobilis bacteremia in a hemato/ oncology unit. Jpn J Infect Dis 2007;60:394-6. 5. Maragakis L, Chaiwarith R, Srinivasan A, Torriani FJ, Avdic E, Lee A, Ross TR, Carroll KC, Perl TM. Sphingomonas paucimolobilis blood stream infections associated with contaminated intravenous fentanyl. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15:12-8.
The Effects of Rhizome Severing and Nutrient Addition on Growth and Biomass Allocation in Diphasiastrum digitatum

The effects of severing and fertilization on ramets of Diphasiastrum digitatum in an Ohio hardwood forest were examined to determine the extent of young ramet integration. The extent of integration was measured by overall vigor, and by architectural biomass, and growth variables. Vigor decreased with any plant manipulation. Likewise, all measured architectural and biomass variables were smaller in manipulated treatments. Similar negative effects in growth and biomass were seen with severing or fertilization, while a combination of both showed a further decrease in growth variables compared to either of the individual treatments. Severing reduced growth and biomass fifty percent compared to the control, indicating that integration is important in young multi-module ramet development. The results are consistent with other studies sug- gesting clonal lycopods are highly integrated and emphasizes the importance of integration in young ramets of D. digitatum for survival and growth.
Demography of a collared peccary population in South Texas

Population dynamics of large herbivores in semiarid environments are regulated by rainfall. Reductions in reproduction and juvenile survival are the main mechanisms of regulation. We examined population characteristics of a harvested collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) population in South Texas to model population responses to harvest. We sampled a peccary population from 1974 to 1993, intensively collecting data from 1989 through 1993. Mean (±SE) ovulation rate (2.13 ± 0.03, n = 181) and litter size (1.89 ± 0.03, n = 151) of adults did not vary by age class (P = 0.15) or year (P = 0.94), although litter sizes of yearlings (10-21 months old) (1.71 ± 0.19, n = 7) tended (P = 0.07) to be smaller than age-class 3 adults (5-7 yr old). Minimum age at predicted primiparity was 20 months. Pregnancy rate was positively associated (χ 2 = 6.20, P = 0.013) with rainfall in the previous year. Estimated fecundity (F young/F/yr) for yearlings and adults was 0.41 and 1.0, respectively. The sex ratio of harvested animals (53.3% M, n = 1,125, P = 0.027) was skewed toward males. Lack of age-specific variation (P = 0.23) in postnatal ratios suggested that harvest was not sex specific. Age structure varied (P = 0.08) among years, with fewer old animals in 1989-93 harvests. Male and female annual survival estimates were 0.90 ± 0.17 and 0.87 ± 0.05, respectively, from 1977 to 1983 telemetry data for unharvested herds, and did not differ (P = 0.88). From life table analyses of harvested herds from 1989 to 1993, male and female annual survival estimates were 0.65 ± 0.03 and 0.73 ± 0.04, respectively, and did not differ (P = 0.13). Year, age, and reproductive status affected (P < 0.05) condition indices, namely kidney fat, total mass, and eviscerated mass. Population modeling provided an estimated rate of juvenile (≤9 months) survival of 0.32 to maintain a stationary population under the 1993 harvest rate of 20%. We propose that juvenile survival is compensatory to adult mortality attributable to hunting. Relationships among juvenile survival, density, and forage resources need field investigation to explore the effect of density-dependent survival on dynamics of peccary populations
Effect of a Microbial Preparation on Fecal Flora and Fecal Metabolic Products of Pigs

豚(ランドレース×大ヨーク)に生菌剤(Bio livestock clean system)0.1%添加飼料を生後から給与した群を試験区とし,180日令に対照区とそれぞれ8頭ずつの糞便フローラ,糞便内腐敗産物,水分,pHを測定した. 腸内フローラは生菌剤給与豚ではLactobacillus (P<0.001), Bacteroidaceae (P<0.05)及び総菌数(P<0.01)は有意に増加し,Clostridium perfringens (P< 0.001), Enterobacteriaceae (P<0.05) Pseudomonas (P<0.01) Streptococcus (P<0.05), Bacillus (P<0.01)およびYeasts (P<0.001)は有意に減少した. その他の細菌群の変動はほとんど認められなかった. <腐敗産物については,糞便のアンモニアおよび硫化物は生菌剤給与豚で有意(P<0.001)に減少し,また,糞便クレゾール(P<0.05)およびスカトール(P<0.01)も有意に減少した,糞便の短鎖脂肪酸は給与中酢酸,プロピオン酸及び乳酸が有意(P<0.05)に増加し,イソ酪酸及びイソ吉草酸が有意(P<0.05)に減少し,糞便pHはわずかに低下した、さらに,生菌剤給与豚で体重と飼料効率はわずかに改善され,糞便の臭気は減少した.
Do vertebrates reject decaying fruit? An experimental test with Cornus amomum fruits

Comparaison des reponses metaboliques et hormonales de sportifs jeunes et âges et d'individus sedentaires effectuant un exercice de meme intensite. Etude des effets de l'âge et de l'exercice sur les fonctions physiologiques connues pour etre affectees par l'âge et l'aptitude physique
Short Communication: Note on Excoecaria indica (Willd.) Muell.-Arg, 1863 (Euphorbiaceae), from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India; a data deficient species

Ragavan P, Ravichandran K, Mohan PM, Sxaena A, Prasanth RS, Jayaraj RSJ, Saravanan S. 2015. Note on Excoecariaindica (Willd.) Muell. -Arg, 1863 (Euphorbiaceae), from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India; a data deficient species. Biodiversitas16: 22-26. Excoecaria indica (Wild.) Muell. -Arg was recorded from Middle Andaman and Great Nicobar Island representing a newaddition to the mangrove flora of the, Andaman and Nicobar islands. This species is characterized by its thorny trunk, crenulatelanceolateleaves and cherry-sized green fruits containing three seeds. Information about E. indica is inadequate, and it is recognized asdata deficient species. Further studies and conservation measures are imperative for managing the mangrove diversity of the islands withregards to this species.Key words: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Excoecaria, India, new records.
Phytochemical Analysis of Leaves of Catharanthus roseus A. from Benoda of Warud Tahsil of Maharashtra State

India is a rich storehouse of medicinal plants. All natural products can be termed bioactive molecules, as every diverse molecule possesses one kind or multiple kinds of biological oblique pharmacological activities. The beauty about Natural Products (Herbal Drugs) libraries is the uniqueness in their chemical structural diversity and innovativeness that in compasses varied biological actions. Herbal drugs played an important role in drug discovery and were the basis of most early medicines. The major role of this is also seen in ontological, antihypertensive, immunosuppression and metabolic diseases. Since ages passed over traditional systems of medicine have depended on natural products derived from plant sources. There is a tremendous historical legacy of folklore uses of the plants in medicine. They have been used for the treatment of diseases in almost all the ancient civilization. 80% world population for the health care throughout the world is used nearly only 4% medicinal plants, while only a small percentage of which have been chemically investigated. Today India is a formidable force in generic world pharmaceutical market in the last 20 years, Indian chemist have made great contribution in developing cutting edge technology of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Hence taking all these things into consideration it create sufficient interest to carry out phytochemical analysis of leaves of Catharanthus roseus A. from Benoda region, due to the important pharmaceutical and medicinal properties of Catharanthus roseus A.
Haemolytic diseases

This section will cover haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) and haemolytic anaemias. Haemolytic diseases are those conditions in which the red cells of the individual do not survive normally in vivo. Haemolysis (the destruction of red cells) often leads to anaemia, so haemolytic diseases are associated with anaemia. Haemolytic anaemia may be inherited or acquired. Some conditions may be transient; others are of long term duration. Haemolytic diseases may occur without identifiable reason and are then called idiopathic. On the other hand, they may be the result of, e.g. red cell antibodies in the case of fetomaternal incompatibility, or an infection, or be drug induced as in the case of certain autoimmune haemolytic anaemias. HDFN is triggered by maternal antibodies to paternally inherited antigens in the fetus. Whereas HDFN affects only the fetus and the newborn, other haemolytic anaemias may affect patients of all ages. Although some haemolytic diseases are self-resolving, it may be necessary for the attending clinician to treat the anaemia by administering blood transfusions; in HDFN, exchange transfusion of an affected infant may be considered to remove accumulated unconjugated bilirubin and to correct anaemia. In severe cases of HDFN, the clinician may need to carry out intrauterine transfusion to prevent fetal death.