Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Creation of genetic variability and early generation evaluation for yield and yield related traits in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) is a bushy annual plant of the legume family, grown for its lens-shaped seeds. For genetic improvement and yield enhancement in local lentil genotypes through introgression of yield related traits from exotic germplasm, twelve crosses were attempted and F2 populations were analyzed. Enormous genetic variability was created as expressed in terms of range, mean and the coefficient of variations in the F2 populations. Though many F2 populations performed poorly for number of primary branches, number of pods and seed yield per plant, the crosses viz., L-830 × P-1117, JL-3 × P-22211 and SKL-259 × P-22211prodused higher percentage of transgressive segregants with desirable traits. All the five indigenous × indigenous crosses recorded higher transgressive segregants for seed index along with two (JL-3 × P-22211 and SKL-259 × P-22211) indigenous × exotic crosses. The twelve F2 populations were evaluated for nine characters to study variability, coefficients of variation, heritability and genetic advance. Phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were greater than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits studied. Days to 50% flowering and days to maturity manifested high heritability coupled with low GCV and genetic gain indicating requirement selections for several successive generations for their improvement. Low to medium heritability accompanied by high genetic advance, PCV and GCV were observed for seed yield per plant. High heritability accompanied by moderate to high GCV and genetic gain were observed for number of 100-seed weight, seeds per pod followed by pods per plant, number of primary branches per plant, and plant height which could be improved by simple selection in early generations. The study thus exhibited the possibilities of improving lentil genotypes through introgression of useful traits from exotic and indigenous germplasm.
ANED-Net: Adaptive Noise Estimation and Despeckling Network for SAR Image

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are often affected by a type of multiplicative noise known as “speckle” due to their active imaging characteristics. This property complicates the processing and interpretation of SAR images. While deep learning techniques have demonstrated success in despeckling, many models are tailored to specific noise levels. This specificity can limit a model's ability to generalize to real SAR images with varying noise levels, potentially leading to oversmoothing or overfocusing on specific details. To address these challenges, we present the Adaptive Noise Estimation and Despeckling Network (ANED-Net). This network consists of a noise-level estimation phase and a noise-level-guided nonblind denoising phase. During the nonblind denoising phase, we develop a noise-feature-guided denoising network. This network integrates a hierarchical encoder–decoder denoising module based on the Transformer block (T-unet) and a denoising enhancement control block. Together, they skillfully capture both local and global dependencies inherent in SAR images, facilitating effective noise removal. Furthermore, we also introduce a deep-attention mechanism to counteract the attentional collapse observed when the Transformer is extended in depth, enhancing the network's feature extraction capability and strengthening the model's denoising performance. Extensive tests on synthetic and real images show that ANED-Net is robust to different noise scenarios. It effectively mitigates speckle noise even at unspecified levels and outperforms many established methods.
Evaluation of the Implementation of Fluid Fulfillment in PONV Patients after Abdominal Surgery

Background: Nausea and vomiting are problems that almost some patients often complain about after surgery. Some patients claim to experience nausea and vomiting after regaining consciousness from surgery. Objective: this study was to evaluate the Implementation of Fluid Fulfillment in PONV Patients After Abdominal Surgery. Methods: In this study quantitative methods with crossectional. The sample used in this study was respondents who were willing or willing to consciously follow this study, aged 17 years over, and had been operated on after 12 hours. The exclusion criteria in this study were patients who did not have complaints of nausea or vomiting. This research was conducted from March – August 2022. In this study, the variables used were age, sex, duration in surgery, smoking history, post-op history, and pain post-op. Results. The frequency distribution of respondents is several variables. In most age variables at the age of 51-75 years as much as 63.4%, in the sex variable more than half of men as much as 63.4%. The next variable was more than half the duration of surgery at a duration of 1 hour 77.7% with those who had a history of smoking as much as 56.7% and did not have a history of PONV more than half. Based on the variable incidence of PONV as many as 60% experience mild PONV events and moderate postoperative pain as much as 60%. It can be seen that the P-value value is 0.000 on the age and gender variables. The seen p-value of surgical duration was 0.004; the History of smoking with a p-value of 0.001; Postop history with a p-value of 0.003 and post-op pain with p p-value of 0.010. It can be concluded that there is an association between age, sex, duration of surgery, smoking history, post-op history and post-op pain with PONV Conclusion: The conclusion in this study is that there is an association between age, sex, duration of surgery, smoking history, postoperative history, and post-op pain with PONV.
World Journal of Gastroenterology

BACKGROUND Enterotoxins produce diarrhea through direct epithelial action and indirectly by activating the enteric nervous system. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) inhibits both actions. The latter has been well documented in vitro but not in vivo . The hypothesis to be tested was that activating CaSR inhibits diarrhea in vivo . AIM To determine whether CaSR agonists ameliorate secretory diarrhea evoked by cholera toxin (CTX) in mice.
Gut microbiota and polycystic ovary syndrome, focus on genetic associations: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Background The contribution of gut microbiota to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is controversial. The causal relationship to this question is worth an in-depth comprehensive of known single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with gut microbiota. Methods We conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) utilizing instrumental variables associated with gut microbiota (N = 18,340) from MiBioGen GWAS to assess their impact on PCOS risk in the FinnGen GWAS (27,943 PCOS cases and 162,936 controls). Two-sample MR using inverse variance weighting (IVW) was undertaken, followed by the weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger regression. In a subsample, we replicated our findings using the meta-analysis PCOS consortium (10,074 cases and 103,164 controls) from European ancestry. Results IVWMR results suggested that six gut microbiota were causally associated with PCOS features. After adjusting BMI, SHBG, fasting insulin, testosterone, and alcohol intake frequency, the effect sizes were significantly reduced. Reverse MR analysis revealed that the effects of PCOS features on 13 gut microbiota no longer remained significant after sensitivity analysis and Bonferroni corrections. MR replication analysis was consistent and the results suggest that gut microbiota was likely not an independent cause of PCOS. Conclusion Our findings did not support the causal relationships between the gut microbiota and PCOS features at the genetic level. More comprehensive genome-wide association studies of the gut microbiota and PCOS are warranted to confirm their genetic relationship. Declaration This study contains 3533 words, 0 tables, and six figures in the text as well as night supplementary files and 0 supplementary figures in the Supplementary material.
High‐grade metamorphism and partial melting of basic and intermediate rocks

Rocks of basic and intermediate bulk composition occur in orogenic terranes from all geological time periods and are thought to represent significant petrological components of the middle and lower continental crust. However, the former lack of appropriate thermodynamic models for silicate melt, amphibole and clinopyroxene that can be applied to such lithologies at high temperature has inhibited effective phase equilibrium modelling of their petrological evolution during amphibolite‐ and granulite facies metamorphism. In this work, we present phase diagrams calculated in the Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–O2 (NCKFMASHTO) compositional system for a range of natural basic and intermediate bulk compositions for conditions of 2–12 kbar and 600–1050 ∘C using newly parameterized activity–composition relationships detailed in a companion paper by Green et al. in this issue. Particular attention is given to mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) and diorite protolith bulk compositions. Calculated subsolidus mineral assemblages in all basic and intermediate rock types are modally dominated by hornblende and plagioclase, with variable proportions of epidote, clinopyroxene, garnet, biotite, muscovite, quartz, titanite or ilmenite present at different pressures. The H2O‐saturated (wet) solidus has a negative P−T slope and occurs between ∼620–690 ∘C at mid‐ to lower‐crustal pressures of 5–10 kbar. The lowest‐T melts generated close to the wet solidus are calculated to have granitic major‐element oxide compositions. Melting at higher temperature is attributed primarily to multivariate hydrate‐breakdown reactions involving biotite and/or hornblende. Partial melt compositions calculated at 800–1050 ∘C for MORB show good correlation with analysed compositions of experimental glasses produced via hydrate‐breakdown melting of natural and synthetic basic protoliths, with Niggli norms indicating that they would crystallize to trondhjemite or tonalite. Diorite is shown to be significantly more fertile than MORB and is calculated to produce high‐T melts (>800 ∘C) of granodioritic composition. Subsolidus and suprasolidus mineral assemblages show no significant variation between different members of the basalt family, although the P−T conditions at which orthopyroxene stabilizes, thus defining the prograde amphibolite–granulite transition, is strongly dependent on bulk‐rock oxidation state and water content. The petrological effects of open‐ and closed‐system processes on the mineral assemblages produced during prograde metamorphism and preserved during retrograde metamorphism are also examined via a case‐study analysis of a natural Archean amphibolite from the Lewisian Complex, northwest Scotland.
Direct space‐based observations of anthropogenic CO2 emission areas from OCO‐2

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion have large impacts on climate. In order to monitor the increasing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, accurate spaceborne observations—as available from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 (OCO‐2)—are needed. This work provides the first direct observation of anthropogenic CO2 from OCO‐2 over the main pollution regions: eastern USA, central Europe, and East Asia. This is achieved by deseasonalizing and detrending OCO‐2 CO2 observations to derive CO2 anomalies. Several small isolated emission areas (such as large cities) are detectable from the anomaly maps. The spatial distribution of the CO2 anomaly matches the features observed in the maps of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument NO2 tropospheric columns, used as an indicator of atmospheric pollution. The results of a cluster analysis confirm the spatial correlation between CO2 and NO2 data over areas with different amounts of pollution. We found positive correlation between CO2 anomalies and emission inventories. The results demonstrate the power of spaceborne data for monitoring anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
Pairing ΔN2/Ar and N* tracers to observe denitrification in the Canada Basin

Our understanding of the global marine fixed nitrogen budget has undergone rapid growth, and as a result there is debate as to whether or not it is balanced. The Arctic plays a disproportionately large role in the sink terms of this budget. This paper works to understand the role of the Canada Basin in the nitrogen cycle. We utilize two tracers of denitrification: N2/Ar, a dissolved gas tracer, and N*, a nutrient ratio tracer. We aim to quantify the current state of nitrogen cycling in the Canada
Holocene Mg/Ca, alkenones, and light stable isotope measurements on the outer North Iceland shelf (MD99-2269): A comparison with other multi-proxy data and sub-division of the Holocene

To evaluate whether proxies that record surface, near-surface, and bottom water conditions from the North Iceland shelf have similar trends and periodicities, we examine Holocene century-scale paleoceanographic records from core MD99-2269. This core site lies close to the boundary between Atlantic and Arctic/Polar waters, and in an area frequently influenced by drift ice. The proxies are stable δ13C and δ18O values on planktonic and benthic foraminifera, alkenone-based sea-surface temperatures (SST°C), and foraminiferal Mg/Ca SST°C and bottom water temperature (BWT°C) estimates. These data were converted to equi-spaced 60-year time-series; significant trends were extracted using Singular Spectrum Analysis, which accounted for between 50% and 70% of the variance. In order to evaluate within-site ocean climate variability, a comparison between these data and previously published proxies from MD99-2269 was carried out on a standardized data set of 14 proxies covering the interval 400–9200 cal. yr BP. Principal component (PC) analysis indicated that the first two PC axes accounted for 57% of the variability with high loadings primarily defining ‘nutrient’ and ‘temperature’ proxies. Fuzzy k-mean clustering of the 14 climate proxies indicated major environmental changes at ~6350 and ~3450 cal. yr BP, which define local early-, middle-, and late-Holocene climatic shifts. Our results indicate that the major control on the combined proxy signal is the Holocene decrease in June insolation, but regional changes in such factors as sea-ice extent and salinity are required to explain the threefold division of the Holocene.
Redating the Late Paleoindian/Early Archaic Golondrina Component at Baker Cave, Texas and Implications for the Dalton/Golondrina Expansion

Golondrina is a lanceolate point type linked to the Southeastern Dalton tradition that emerged during the Paleoindian to Archaic transition in southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. The type remains imprecisely dated because only a handful of sites have yielded Golondrina points in buried, dateable contexts, and the few radiocarbon dates from these sites often have relatively large standard deviations. In this paper, we present new radiocarbon dates from Greer's 1968 Texas Archeological Research Laboratory excavations at the Baker Cave site, Texas and present an analysis of artifacts from late Paleoindian/early Archaic contexts. A radiocarbon date from an excavation level that yielded a Golondrina point returned an age of 8910 ± 40 radiocarbon years before present, reducing prior imprecision and refining the age of the Golondrina occupation at Baker Cave. These results provide additional evidence that Golondrina, hypothesized to be culturally evolutionarily related to Dalton, represents a late regional expression of Dalton technologies.
COMPARING FODDER PRODUCTION OF MAIZE VARIETIES UNDER VARIED NITROGEN LEVELS

Maize (Zea mays L.) plays a significant role as a fodder crop, supporting rural populations and livestock. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, there is a shortage of green fodder due to the unbalanced use of fertiliser and improper selection of maize varieties for fodder production. This research aimed to address the need for quality fodder by studying the effects of nitrogen (N) on new maize varieties, ultimately enhancing livestock production and agricultural sustainability. The experiment took place in the summer of 2022 at the Cereal Crop Research Institute in Pakistan. Adopting an RCB design with three replications, fodder maize varieties (Jalal, Kaptan and Jumbo) were tested with four N levels (0, 100, 150, 200 kg N ha−1) applied during sowing, knee (V4), and silking stages. The data upon analysis revealed that different maize varieties had a significant impact on the studied parameters. Maize varieties affected days to tasselling and silking, with the Jumbo variety recording the longest duration (59 and 62, respectively). Similar results were observed for days to milking, with the Jumbo variety taking the longest time (80 days). It also recorded a higher leaf number (11.5), leaf area (478 cm−2) and leaf area index (3.4). Fresh fodder (67,777 kg ha−1) and dry fodder yield (23,424 kg ha−1) were higher for the Jumbo variety. In terms of N application, tasselling (59) and silking (62) took more days when 150 and 200 kg N ha−1 was applied compared to the control. Compared to the control plots (83 days), 200 kg N delayed the milking stage by 10 days. A higher but statistically similar leaf count, leaf area and leaf area index were recorded with 150 and 200 kg N ha−1. The plant height of maize was also higher, with 150 (196 cm) and 200 kg N ha−1 (202 cm). Lastly, a higher fresh fodder and dry fodder yield was associated with 150 and 200 kg N ha−1. Based on these results, the Jumbo variety, with the application of 150 kg N ha−1, is recommended for cultivation for economic feasibility and to obtain a higher fodder yield of maize.
German Oak and Pine 14C Calibration, 7200–9439 BC

Radiocarbon calibration data derived from German oak chronologies, ranging back to 7200 BC, have been published in the previous Calibration Issue (Stuiver & Kra 1986). In recent years, the German oak chronology has been extended to 7938 BC (Becker, this issue). For earlier intervals, tree-ring chronologies must be based on pine, because oak re-emigrated to central Europe at the Preboreal/Boreal transition, at about 8000 BC. We have established a 1784-yr pine chronology centered in the Preboreal, and have linked it tentatively to the absolutely dated oak master. We present here calibration data based on this link, for the age range, 7145–9439 BC.
Effect of Hyaluronic Acid-Containing Transfer Media (EmbryoGlue®) on the Live Birth Rate in Frozen Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycles

This retrospective cohort study examines the impact of EmbryoGlue® - a culture medium comprising high-concentration hyaluronan and low-concentration recombinant human albumin (rHA) - on assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes in 1,298 cycles across 13 centers. The study focused on live birth rates, clinical pregnancy, and miscarriage rates between a standard treatment arm and an EmbryoGlue® arm in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Propensity score matching ensured comparable baseline variables. Findings showed higher live birth rates (60.6% vs. 47.5%) and clinical pregnancies (69.5% vs. 57.6%) in the EmbryoGlue® group, correlating with factors like patient age and blastocyst transfer. Specifically, EmbryoGlue® showed a significant association with higher live birth rates (OR 1.593; CI 1.170-2.168; P = 0.003). These findings underscore the impact of personalized approaches and highlight EmbryoGlue®'s potential in improving successful embryo implantation, thus enhancing pregnancy rates in ART procedures. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified EmbryoGlue®, female age, and blastocyst transfer as predictors of live birth. EmbryoGlue® exhibited significance in improving clinical outcomes, mirroring previous studies' findings. Limitations in the study's design warrant further prospective research for validation. In conclusion, EmbryoGlue® appears promising for enhancing live birth rates in FET cycles, presenting a potential advancement in ART protocols.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Computer-Aided Detection During Active Case Finding for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Background Computer-aided detection (CAD) may be a useful screening tool for tuberculosis (TB). However, there are limited data about its utility in active case finding (ACF) in a community-based setting, and particularly in an HIV-endemic setting where performance may be compromised. Methods We performed a systematic review and evaluated articles published between January 2012 and February 2023 that included CAD as a screening tool to detect pulmonary TB against a microbiological reference standard (sputum culture and/or nucleic acid amplification test [NAAT]). We collected and summarized data on study characteristics and diagnostic accuracy measures. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality against Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies–2 criteria. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (PRISMA-DTA) guidelines were followed. Results Of 1748 articles reviewed, 5 met with the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. A meta-analysis revealed pooled sensitivity of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78–0.96) and specificity of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.55–0.93), just below the World Health Organization (WHO)–recommended target product profile (TPP) for a screening test (sensitivity ≥0.90 and specificity ≥0.70). We found a high risk of bias and applicability concerns across all studies. Subgroup analyses, including the impact of HIV and previous TB, were not possible due to the nature of the reporting within the included studies. Conclusions This review provides evidence, specifically in the context of ACF, for CAD as a potentially useful and cost-effective screening tool for TB in a resource-poor HIV-endemic African setting. However, given methodological concerns, caution is required with regards to applicability and generalizability.
A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Predicting Post-Stroke Motor and Sensory Outcomes

Stroke is a major leading cause of chronic disability, often affecting patients’ motor and sensory functions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the most commonly used method of functional neuroimaging, and it allows for the non-invasive study of brain activity. The time-dependent coactivation of different brain regions at rest is described as resting-state activation. As a non-invasive task-independent functional neuroimaging approach, resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) may provide therapeutically useful information on both the focal vascular lesion and the connectivity-based reorganization and subsequent functional recovery in stroke patients. Considering the role of a prompt and accurate prognosis in stroke survivors along with the potential of rs-fMRI in identifying patterns of neuroplasticity in different post-stroke phases, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest literature regarding the role of rs-fMRI in stroke prognosis in terms of motor and sensory outcomes. Our comprehensive review suggests that with the advancement of MRI acquisition and data analysis methods, rs-fMRI emerges as a promising tool to study the motor and sensory outcomes in stroke patients and evaluate the effects of different interventions.