Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond UVJ: Color Selection of Galaxies in the JWST Era

We present a new rest-frame color–color selection method using synthetic u s − g s and g s − i s , (ugi) s colors to identify star-forming and quiescent galaxies. Our method is similar to the widely used U − V versus V − J (UVJ) diagram. However, UVJ suffers known systematics. Spectroscopic campaigns have shown that UVJ-selected quiescent samples at z ≳ 3 include ∼10%–30% contamination from galaxies with dust-obscured star formation and strong emission lines. Moreover, at z > 3, UVJ colors are extrapolated because the rest-frame band shifts beyond the coverage of the deepest bandpasses at <5 μm (typically Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 μm or future JWST/NIRCam observations). We demonstrate that (ugi) s offers improvements to UVJ at z > 3, and can be applied to galaxies in the JWST era. We apply (ugi) s selection to galaxies at 0.5 < z < 6 from the (observed) 3D-HST and UltraVISTA catalogs, and to the (simulated) JAGUAR catalogs. We show that extrapolation can affect (V − J)0 color by up to 1 mag, but changes (gs−is)0 color by ≤0.2 mag, even at z ≃ 6. While (ugi) s -selected quiescent samples are comparable to UVJ in completeness (both achieve ∼85%–90% at z = 3–3.5), (ugi) s reduces contamination in quiescent samples by nearly a factor of 2, from ≃35% to ≃17% at z = 3, and from ≃60% to ≃33% at z = 6. This leads to improvements in the true-to-false-positive ratio (TP/FP), where we find TP/FP ≳2.2 for (ugi) s at z ≃ 3.5 − 6, compared to TP/FP < 1 for UVJ-selected samples. This indicates that contaminants will outnumber true quiescent galaxies in UVJ at these redshifts, while (ugi) s will provide higher-fidelity samples.
ScaleNet: Searching for the Model to Scale

Recently, community has paid increasing attention on model scaling and contributed to developing a model family with a wide spectrum of scales. Current methods either simply resort to a one-shot NAS manner to construct a non-structural and non-scalable model family or rely on a manual yet fixed scaling strategy to scale an unnecessarily best base model. In this paper, we bridge both two components and propose ScaleNet to jointly search base model and scaling strategy so that the scaled large model can have more promising performance. Concretely, we design a super-supernet to embody models with different spectrum of sizes (e.g., FLOPs). Then, the scaling strategy can be learned interactively with the base model via a Markov chain-based evolution algorithm and generalized to develop even larger models. To obtain a decent super-supernet, we design a hierarchical sampling strategy to enhance its training sufficiency and alleviate the disturbance. Experimental results show our scaled networks enjoy significant performance superiority on various FLOPs, but with at least 2.53x reduction on search cost. Codes are available at https://github.com/luminolx/ScaleNet.
Motivic invariants of birational maps

We construct invariants of birational maps with values in the Kontsevich--Tschinkel group and in the truncated Grothendieck groups of varieties. These invariants are morphisms of groupoids and are well-suited to investigating the structure of the Grothendieck ring and L-equivalence. Building on known constructions of L-equivalence, we prove new unexpected results about Cremona groups.
The Computational Complexity of Multi-player Concave Games and Kakutani Fixed Points

Kakutani's Fixed Point theorem is a fundamental theorem in topology with numerous applications in game theory and economics. Formally, Kakutani's theorem states that for any set-valued function mapping F, also known as correspondence, from a compact, convex set to itself in a locally convex topological vector space, if the function is upper hemicontinuous, has a closed graph, and its output at any given point is a non-empty and convex set, then there exists a fixed point x, namely a point in the domain which is mapped to itself by the function x ∈ F(x). Interestingly, computational formulations of Kakutani exist only in special cases and are too restrictive to be useful in reductions.
Frank Elastic Constants of Semiflexible Polymer Solutions

We derive the Frank elastic constants for nematic solutions of semiflexible polymers. We plot these results as a function of the coarse-grained Maier-Saupe quadrupole aligning strength and polymer stiffness ranging from rigid to highly flexible. The derivation uses the random phase approximation and combines the exact results for the statistics of a worm-like-chain with polymer field theory using a spherical harmonic basis. The results are evaluated using a numerical inverse Laplace transform. We present the results in terms of microscopic features such as hairpins and polymer ends so the trends can be understood independently from the derivation. Key findings are that for rigid polymers $K_{bend}>K_{splay}>K_{twist}$ while for flexible polymers $K_{splay}>K_{bend}>K_{twist}$. For rigid polymers, the Frank elastic constants grow with the polymer length. For flexible polymers the elastic constants grow with the persistence length, which becomes the characteristic length scale, with the exception of $K_{splay}$ at high alignment strengths which grows with polymer lengths due to the elimination of hairpins.
Extensive study of nuclear uncertainties and their impact on the r-process nucleosynthesis in neutron star mergers

Theoretically predicted yields of elements created by the rapid neutron capture (r-) process carry potentially large uncertainties associated with incomplete knowledge of nuclear properties as well as approximative hydrodynamical modelling of the matter ejection processes. We present an in-depth study of the nuclear uncertainties by systematically varying theoretical nuclear input models that describe the experimentally unknown neutron-rich nuclei. This includes two frameworks for calculating the radiative neutron capture rates and six, four and four models for the nuclear masses, β -decay rates and ﬁssion properties, respectively. Our r-process nuclear network calculations are based on detailed hydrodynamical simulations of dynamically ejected material from NS-NS or NS-BH binary mergers plus the secular ejecta from BH-torus systems. The impact of nuclear uncertainties on the r-process abundance distribution and early radioactive heating rate is found to be modest (within a factor ∼ 20 for individual A > 90 nuclei and a factor 2 for the heating rate), however the impact on the late-time heating rate is more signiﬁcant and depends strongly on the contribution from ﬁssion. We witness signiﬁcantly larger sensitivity to the nuclear physics input if only a single trajectory is used compared to considering ensembles of ∼ 200-300 trajectories, and the quantitative eﬀects of the nuclear uncertainties strongly depend on the adopted conditions for the individual trajectory. We use the predicted Th/U ratio to estimate the cosmochronometric age of six metal-poor stars to set a lower limit of the age of the Galaxy and ﬁnd the impact of the nuclear uncertainties to be up to 2 Gyr.
High-energy Neutrino Emission from Espresso-reaccelerated Ions in Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei

We present a bottom-up calculation of the flux of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and high-energy neutrinos produced by powerful jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). By propagating test particles in 3D relativistic magnetohydrodynamic jet simulations, including a Monte Carlo treatment of sub-grid pitch-angle scattering and attenuation losses due to realistic photon fields, we study the spectrum and composition of the accelerated UHECRs and estimate the amount of neutrinos produced in such sources. We find that UHECRs may not be significantly affected by photodisintegration in AGN jets where the espresso mechanism efficiently accelerates particles, consistent with Auger’s results that favor a heavy composition at the highest energies. Moreover, we present estimates and upper bounds for the flux of high-energy neutrinos expected from AGN jets. In particular, we find that (i) source neutrinos may account for a sizable fraction, or even dominate, the expected flux of cosmogenic neutrinos; (ii) neutrinos from the β-decay of secondary neutrons produced in nucleus photodisintegration end up in the teraelectronvolt to petaelectronvolt band observed by IceCube, but can hardly account for the observed flux; (iii) UHECRs accelerated via the espresso mechanism lead to nearly isotropic neutrino emission, which suggests that nearby radio galaxies may be more promising as potential sources. We discuss our results in light of multimessenger astronomy and current/future neutrino experiments.
Fixed point sets of smooth $G$-manifolds pseudo-equivalent to a $G$-template

For a finite group $G$ not of prime power order, Oliver (1996) has answered the question which manifolds occur as the fixed point sets of smooth actions of $G$ on disks (resp., Euclidean spaces). We extend Oliver's result to compact (resp., open) smooth $G$-manifolds $M$ pseudo-equivalent to $Y$, a finite $\mathbb{Z}$-acyclic $G$-CW complex such that the fixed point set $Y^G$ is non-empty, connected, and $\chi(Y^G) \equiv 1 \pmod{n_G}$, where $n_G$ is the Oliver number of $G$. We prove that the answer to the question above does not depend on the choice of $Y$. For a finite connected $G$-CW complex $Y$ such that $Y^G$ is non-empty and connected, called a $G$-template, we prove that a compact stably parallelizable manifold $F$ occurs as the fixed point set $M^G$ of a compact smooth $G$-manifold $M$ pseudo-equivalent to $Y$, if and only if $\chi(F) \equiv \chi(Y^G) \pmod{n_G}$. Moreover, there exists a compact smooth fixed point free $G$-manifold pseudo-equivalent to a $G$-template $Y$, if and only if $\chi(Y^G) \equiv 0 \pmod{n_G}$. In particular, similarly as for actions on disks, there exists a compact smooth fixed point free $G$-manifold pseudo-equivalent to the real projective space $\mathbb{R}{\rm P}^{2n}$ for an integer $n \geq 1$, if and only if $G$ is an Oliver group. Finally, we prove that each finite Oliver group $G$ has a smooth fixed point free action on $\mathbb{R}{\rm P}^{2n}$ itself for some integer $n \geq 1$.
Steer: Beam Selection for Full-Duplex Millimeter Wave Communication Systems

Modern millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems rely on beam alignment to deliver sufficient beamforming gain to close the link between devices. We present a novel beam selection methodology for multi-panel, full-duplex mmWave systems, which we call Steer, that delivers high beamforming gain while significantly reducing the full-duplex self-interference coupled between the transmit and receive beams. Steer does not necessitate changes to conventional beam alignment methodologies nor additional over-the-air feedback, making it compatible with existing cellular standards. Instead, Steer uses conventional beam alignment to identify the general directions beams should be steered, and then it makes use of a minimal number of self-interference measurements to jointly select transmit and receive beams that deliver high gain in these directions while coupling low self-interference. We implement Steer on an industry-grade 28 GHz phased array platform and use further simulation to show that full-duplex operation with beams selected by Steer can notably outperform both half-duplex and full-duplex operation with beams chosen via conventional beam selection. For instance, Steer can reliably reduce self-interference by more than 20 dB and improve SINR by more than 10 dB, compared to conventional beam selection. Our experimental results highlight that beam alignment can be used not only to deliver high beamforming gain in full-duplex mmWave systems but also to mitigate self-interference to levels near or below the noise floor, rendering additional self-interference cancellation unnecessary with Steer.
Matching Patterns with Variables Under Edit Distance

A pattern α is a string of variables and terminal letters. We say that α matches a word w , consisting only of terminal letters, if w can be obtained by replacing the variables of α by terminal words. The matching problem, i.e., deciding whether a given pattern matches a given word, was heavily investigated: it is NP-complete in general, but can be solved eﬃciently for classes of patterns with restricted structure. If we are interested in what is the minimum Hamming distance between w and any word u obtained by replacing the variables of α by terminal words (so matching under Hamming distance), one can devise eﬃcient algorithms and matching conditional lower bounds for the class of regular patterns (in which no variable occurs twice), as well as for classes of patterns where we allow unbounded repetitions of variables, but restrict the structure of the pattern, i.e., the way the occurrences of diﬀerent variables can be interleaved. Moreover, under Hamming distance, if a variable occurs more than once and its occurrences can be interleaved arbitrarily with those of other variables, even if each of these occurs just once, the matching problem is intractable. In this paper, we consider the problem of matching patterns with variables under edit distance. We still obtain eﬃcient algorithms and matching conditional lower bounds for the class of regular patterns, but show that the problem becomes, in this case, intractable already for unary patterns, consisting of repeated occurrences of a single variable interleaved with terminals.
Iterative solution of spatial network models by subspace decomposition

We present and analyze a preconditioned conjugate gradient method (PCG) for solving spatial network problems. Primarily, we consider diffusion and structural mechanics simulations for fiber based materials, but the methodology can be applied to a wide range of models, fulfilling a set of abstract assumptions. The proposed method builds on a classical subspace decomposition into a coarse subspace, realized as the restriction of a finite element space to the nodes of the spatial network, and localized subspaces with support on mesh stars. The main contribution of this work is the convergence analysis of the proposed method. The analysis translates results from finite element theory, including interpolation bounds, to the spatial network setting. A convergence rate of the PCG algorithm, only depending on global bounds of the operator and homogeneity, connectivity and locality constants of the network, is established. The theoretical results are confirmed by several numerical experiments.
Emotion Recognition in Conversation using Probabilistic Soft Logic

Creating agents that can both appropriately respond to conversations and understand complex human linguistic tendencies and social cues has been a long standing challenge in the NLP community. A recent pillar of research revolves around emotion recognition in conversation (ERC); a sub-field of emotion recognition that focuses on conversations or dialogues that contain two or more utterances. In this work, we explore an approach to ERC that exploits the use of neural embeddings along with complex structures in dialogues. We implement our approach in a framework called Probabilistic Soft Logic (PSL), a declarative templating language that uses first-order like logical rules, that when combined with data, define a particular class of graphical model. Additionally, PSL provides functionality for the incorporation of results from neural models into PSL models. This allows our model to take advantage of advanced neural methods, such as sentence embeddings, and logical reasoning over the structure of a dialogue. We compare our method with state-of-the-art purely neural ERC systems, and see almost a 20% improvement. With these results, we provide an extensive qualitative and quantitative analysis over the DailyDialog conversation dataset.
IMPACT OF ASCORBIC ACID AND PROBIOTICS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF CONCEPTION RATE OF EWES DURING SUMMER SEASON

This study was performed to compare the influence of premating supplementation of ascorbic acid (Vit C) and probiotics (live dried yeast, DY) (Yea-Sacc 1026) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on conception rate, thermo-respiratory activities, serum antioxidants, hormonal response and body weight change of heat stressed breeding ewes. The trial was performed on twenty four ewes which were selected and divided into three groups (8 ewes in each) with a completely randomized design. (1) control group: received basal diet without additives, group (2): received basal diet plus (75/mg/kg body weight/day) of vitamin C (Vit C) and group (3): received basal diet plus live dried yeast (DY) ( 5/g/head/day). The treatments were initiated 2 weeks premating and continued for 4 weeks then after. Blood samples were collected at 2 weeks intervals, starting from the 2 nd week of treatment till the 6 th week of treatment (June-August). All ewes were weighed and observed for thermo-respiratory activity before the beginning of study and at 1 month and 2 month after the treatment. The results revealed that there was a significant (P < 0.01) increase in conception rate in group 2 supplemented with Vit C as compared with that supplemented with DY or the control group. Vit C and DY treated groups had a significantly (P < 0.01) lower rectal temperature and respiratory rate values as compared with the pre-treatment values and that of the control group. There is a significant increase in Vit C and glutathione -S- transferase levels in the treated groups than those of the control one. Serum level of T3 was elevated (P<0.05) significantly throughout the 2 nd and the 6 th weeks in Vit C group and throughout the 2 nd week in DY group as compared with the control one. Serum cortisol level was significantly (p<0.05) decreased throughout the trial in Vit C treated group, and only during the 2 nd week in DY treated group. Also, Vit C supplementation lead to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the body weight as compared with the control one; meanwhile, DY supplementation had a nonsignificant effect on body weight. Results of a premating Vit C supplemented ewes showed a trend towards improving conception rate, body weight, thermo-respiratory activity, antioxidant level, cortisol concentration and thyroid hormones response. So, it could be concluded that premating dietary Vit C supplementation at a level of 75/mg/kg BW/d may offer a thermo-protective role to lessen the destructive effects of heat stress on breeding ewes and may be more economically attractive than DY dietary supplementation under heat stress in summer season.
Elderly Humans Response to Primary Viral Infection in Numbers Are Associated with the Immune Low Thymic Activity and Dendritic Cell

Immunological competence declines progressively with age, resulting in increased susceptibility of the elderly to infection and impaired responses to vaccines. Underlying mechanisms remain largely obscure as they have been related to complex, individual systemic immune properties that are challenging to investigate. In this study, we explored age-related changes in human immunity during a primary virus infection experimentally induced by immunization with live-attenuated yellow fever (YF) vaccine. Ap-plying detailed serology, advanced FACS analysis, and systems biology, we discovered that aged subjects developed fewer neutralizing Abs, mounted diminished YF-speciﬁc CD8 + T cell responses, and showed quantitatively and qualitatively altered YF-speciﬁc CD4 + T cell immunity. Among numerous immune signatures, low in vivo numbers of naive CD4 + recent thymic emigrants and peripheral dendritic cells correlated well with reduced acute responsiveness and altered long-term persistence of human cellular immunity to YF vaccination. Hence, we reveal in this article that essential elements of immune responses such as recent thymic emigrants and dendritic cells strongly relate to productive immunity in the elderly, providing a conceivable explanation for diminished responsiveness to vaccination with neoantigens and infection with de novo pathogens in the aged population. The Journal of Immunology , 2015, 195: 000–000.
THERMOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF AN ELECTRICALLY-ASSISTED WIRE DRAWING PROCESS

Electrically-assisted wire drawing process is a hybrid manufacturing process characterized by enhancement of the formability, ductility and elongation of the wire drawn specimen. A thermomechanical model to describe the change of the mechanical response due to the thermal contribution is proposed in this work. Additionally, a numerical simulation was conducted to study the potential and limitations of this hybrid process by using two different hardening laws: a phenomenological and a dislocationbased hardening laws. The results show how the flow stress, the effective plastic strain and residual stresses behave under the electroplusing effect. In addition, Electron Backscattered Diffraction was used to study the electropulsing treatments on the microstructure during cold drawing. It is observed a decrease of the high and low angle grain boundaries for samples deformed with electropulsing. This detwinning process has a strong influence on the strain hardening by improving the material formability. It was shown that the two proposed hardening laws adequately describe the electrically-assisted wire drawing process showing a similar mechanical behavior. Nevertheless, the dislocation-based hardening law has the potential to be generalized to many other material and process configurations without extensive number of material tests as the phenomenological hardening law would require.
Prolonged occupational standing: the impact of time and footwear

Prolonged occupational standing is strongly related to musculoskeletal disorders. Despite being the main external load bearing interface between the floor and musculoskeletal system, and easy to manipulate, footwear is often ignored as an intervention for standing related disorders. This study aimed to record the effect of prolonged standing on the body and determine the impact of footwear material. Two pairs of surgical clogs were tested, varying only in material hardness. Participants (n = 12) undertook 3 h of standing in each shoe whilst they completed a repetitive series of simulated work tasks. Biomechanical and subjective data were recorded at the start, end and every 30 min during the 3 h of standing. There was an increase in the discomfort of the low back and all lower extremity regions alongside an increase in calf circumference, selected kinematic and kinetic variables, and changes in plantar pressure distribution over the 3 h. Altering the footwear material impacted on low back discomfort and plantar pressures. Shoe preference varied amongst individuals but was consistently associated with an increased medial midfoot contact area. Overall, this study has demonstrated the effect of prolonged standing on the body, has shown footwear impacts both subjective and biomechanical measures and provides information regarding individual differences and footwear preferences.
Numerical Simulations to Compute Rate of Water Ingress into Open Holds Due to Green Waters

The nonlinear ship-wave interaction phenomenon occurring when the relative free surface motions exceed the free board of a vessel is studied using RANSE based Computational Fluid Dynamics. Present work illustrates a methodology developed using an unsteady RANSE based CFD tools to simulate complex green water flows and determine rate of water ingress into open holds of container ship. The methodology involves modeling appendages, open holds and generation of irregular waves. Simulations are performed on an open top container vessel operating in long crested irregular seas for one case as specified in the model test procedures given by IMO. Numerical computations of motion responses and rate of water ingress are compared with experiments.