Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marine plastic detection using PRISMA hyperspectral satellite imagery in a controlled environment

ABSTRACT The amount of plastics on seawater is causing ecosystem damage to both land areas and water bodies. It is proven that once plastic particles reach the sea, they will be degraded. As their detection is not easy with in situ sampling, remote sensing techniques could help detect and evaluate their impact on ecosystems. To understand the main limitations of detecting floating plastic material through remote images, an a pilot experiment was carried out on an artificial floating plastic target deployed at the Aegean Sea (Greece) within the Plastic Litter Project 2021. Hyperspectral PRISMA, multispectral PlanetScope and visible Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) acquisitions were analysed. A nonlinear unmixing technique was applied to derive the spectral signature of the plastic target; finally, the linear unmixing approach allowed for determining the plastic percentage occupation at the pixel level. Different band combinations of the PRISMA data were selected to evaluate which provided the best result for the detection; one of these band combinations was retrieved via the principal component analysis. Only slight differences were achieved using the different PRISMA band-sets. As expected, since the artificial plastic target had a diameter comparable with the PRISMA spatial resolution (~30 m), its detection was a challenging task caused by the water influence in the pixel (mixed pixels). The detection was realized by benefitting from the high amount of available spectral bands, as confirmed by the comparative test with a PlanetScope image used at its original spatial resolution (3 m) and after degrading it at the PRISMA level. Results demonstrated that an optimal target detection was possible with few spectral bands, only taking advantage of the high spatial resolution (compared with the target dimension). Indeed, unreliable plastic fractions were derived at the PRISMA spatial resolution with a limited number of spectral bands.
A choice between two adjacent islands: is switching nest sites related to weather or nest density in the Common Eider (Somateria mollissima)?

Birds change nest sites between years in response to breeding success in previous years, activities of other breeders, or weather conditions. Sixteen years of banding data and nest counts of the Common Eider in Rif, western Iceland, were used to evaluate probability of switching nest islands. The two man-made islands studied had different substrates (grass vs. rock) and in some years, different nest-initiation dates. Nest numbers were not related to weather. The apparent survival was not related to annual variation, weather or nest den-sity. Conversely, the probability of switching islands (movement probability) was plausi-bly affected by three covariates: (1) winters with higher precipitation decreased the prob-ability of switching from the grassy to the rocky island; (2) as winters became milder from 1993 to 2008, the probability of switching islands decreased; and (3) as the nest numbers increased from 155 to 606 during 1993–2008, the probability of switching islands de-creased. Winter weather may have affected nest switching primarily via precipitation, which partly determined water levels in the colony. An inverse relationship between nest density and the probability of switching islands is consistent with conspecific facilitation in colonially-nesting bird species.
Exploring Low Mass Galaxies at Different Wavelengths

We create a sample of potential AGN hosting dwarf galaxies from the MaNGA survey and AllWISE database for a redshift up to z 0.15. We select our sample with optical data obtained from the MaNGA survey then match these galaxies to sources in the AllWISE database, through a 10 arcsecond diameter search based on the right ascension and declination of our targets, to obtain infrared data. We find 141 likely potential AGN hosting galaxies from optical BPT analysis and 17 potential hosts from IR colour-colour analysis. We have compiled a list of galaxies for further analysis in other AGN indicating wavelengths, like radio and X-ray.
Numerical investigation on the Ångström exponent of black carbon aerosol

Black carbon (BC) plays an important role on the global and regional climate, whereas there are significant uncertainties on its optical properties. Among various optical properties, the Ångström exponent (AE) indicates the spectral variation of the particle‐optic interaction and is widely used to understand the aerosol properties. We consider the influence of BC geometry on its optical properties and assess the sensitivity of the AE to particle geometry and size distribution. The fractal aggregates with different fractal dimensions are used to represent realistic BC particles, and popular equivalent volume spherical and spheroidal models are also considered for comparison. Even if the fractal aggregates become highly compact and spherical, their optical properties are still significantly different from those of equivalent volume spheres or spheroids. Meanwhile, the Rayleigh‐Debye‐Gans approximation can hardly provide accurate results for all optical quantities of aggregates with different dimensions. The extinction Ångström exponent (EAE) and absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) are sensitive to both particle geometry and size distribution. With BC becoming more compact (from fractal aggregate to spheroid and to sphere), the AE becomes more sensitive to particle size distribution. The EAE and AAE of aggregates with different size distributions vary between 1.10–1.63 and 0.87–1.50, respectively, whereas those of the spheres or spheroids have wider ranges. Furthermore, the AE at smaller wavelengths (between 0.35 µm and 0.55 µm) is more sensitive to geometry and size distribution than that given by optical properties at larger wavelengths (between 0.55 µm and 0.88 µm).
Exploring co-research interviews with older adults:

Previous research has not only shown the potential of co-research with older adults but also pointed out the need for further study, for example on evaluation and how connections are forged between participants. To this end, this paper (1) describes and reflects on the development and implementation of a co-research interview methodology in the NGO sector and (2) analyses the experiences of the participants and the role of shared age group and locality. The results show that the structure of having several interviews and training and reflection sessions was the strength of the method. The co-researchers found the project interesting and even empowering. Expressions of shared age group and local knowledge were common in the interviews and helped build connections. The intervieweesvalued their participation in knowledge-production on issues related to ageing. Recruitment, resourcing and support for co-researchers when faced with difficult situations are some of the themes that require further attention.
Principal component analysis of morphological traits in thirty-nine accessions of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in a rainfed lowland ecology of Nigeria

Field experiment was conducted at Edozhigi, National Cereal Research Institute experimental field, to assess the contribution of morphological traits to variability in some accessions of rice. The field was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Thirty nine entries collected from farmer’s field and National Cereals Research Institute gene Bank were planted in a plot size of 5 × 1 m. The experiment was conducted in 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons. Data were collected on twelve morpho-physiological traits. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the first 5 principal component axes explained 68.9% (first year) and 61.6% (second year) of the total variations in the rice population. The combined results showed that 65.4% of the variations were accounted for by the first 5 principal components axes. Number of grains per panicle loaded more on the component loading correction plot using the combined results. It accounted for about 17.8% of the variation in the population. High levels of variability were expressed among the varieties and the characters studied which will allow further improvement in the varieties.
Boutonneuse Fever in Southeastern Romania

Boutonneuse fever (BF) is an eruptive disease and is classified as a spotted fever, which is endemic in the Mediterranean basin (i.e., Marseille fever or Mediterranean spotted fever) and the Black Sea, caused by Rickettsia conorii, with dog ticks being a vector (i.e., Rhipicephalus sanguineus). In Romania, although the first reported outbreak of BF occurred during the summer of 1931 in Constanta, the disease was discovered in 1910. Although the disease has occurred most frequently in the two counties of the Dobruja region (Constanta and Tulcea), a region of the Balkan Peninsula, during the last few years, other counties in southeastern Romania have started to report BF cases. In a period of 9 years, 533 cases were registered in Constanta county, while in a period of 11 years, 339 cases were registered in Bucharest county. In this review, we describe the bacterial tick-borne disease caused by R. conorii in southeastern Romania, focusing on its history and epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures in the context of climate changes. Although R. conorii is the principal etiologic agent of BF in southeastern Romania, we should take into consideration that other Rickettsia spp. could be present and involved in disease transmission.
Clinopyroxene–rutile phyllonites from the East Tenda Shear Zone (Alpine Corsica, France): pressure–temperature–time constraints to the Alpine reworking of Variscan Corsica

The East Tenda Shear Zone is the regional structure that marks the Alpine overthrusting of the Ligurian–Piedmontese ocean onto the Variscan Corsica. We present the first report of a Na-pyroxene (acmite)–rutile-bearing assemblage from a phyllonitic shear zone that occurs within the gneissic lithologies of the East Tenda Shear Zone. Acmite hosts inclusions of Na-amphibole and titanite, and is rimmed by retrogressive biotite. Forward modelling of the shear zone assemblages in the NCKFMASTHO chemical system indicates a cold burial–exhumation path (palaeogeothermal gradient <10 °C km−1) and a metamorphic climax with minimum pressure of 1.2 GPa and temperatures of 350–400 °C. U–Pb thermal ionization mass spectrometry analyses on synkinematic rutile yield a 3D array with an age of 48 ± 18 Ma (MSWD 7.3), whereas coexisting acmite–phengite and coatings of oxides or sulphides provide an intercept at 54 ± 8 Ma (MSWD = 48). The scatter of the arrays is considered to reflect secondary disturbances of the system and the age provided by acmite–phengite and the coatings at 54 ± 8 Ma is considered the most reliable estimate for shear zone formation. Implications of these new metamorphic and geochronological data are discussed in the regional framework of the Alpine geology and integrated in the plate-tectonic scenario of the central Mediterranean.
Diet and Lifestyle Impact on Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review

A systemic, inflammatory illness such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) causes progressive cartilage and bone degradation in addition to joint involvement. Factors related to genetics and environment determine susceptibility to RA. In recent years, an increasing body of research has illuminated the pivotal role of diet and lifestyle in influencing the risk and progression of illnesses. Some nutrients, like polyunsaturated fatty acids, can combat inflammation. They also act as antioxidants, thus protecting against the onset of RA. Conversely, substances like salt and red meat have adverse effects, promoting the development and progression of RA through indirect mechanisms that impact gut microbiota and body composition. As we look ahead, potential supplementary therapies alongside the existing RA treatment regimen may manifest as specific dietary patterns and supplements. Promising candidates include the Mediterranean Diet (MD), vitamin D, and probiotics, which could potentially confer protective benefits. A poor level of education and low socioeconomic status, as well as smoking, an unhealthy diet, and obesity, have all been linked to an increased risk of RA in large epidemiological studies. Additionally, several lifestyle choices affect how well RA responds to antirheumatic medications. A worse treatment outcome is linked, among other things, to smoking, obesity, and insufficient physical activity. Therefore, RA sufferers must be urged to live a healthy lifestyle and eat well.
Characterization of the immune cell function landscape in head and neck squamous carcinoma to assist in prognosis prediction and immunotherapy

Background: The malignant characteristics of cancer depend not only on intrinsic properties of cancer cells but also on the functions of infiltrating immune cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional landscape of immune cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: We employed single-sample gene set enrichment analysis to examine the immunophenotypes of HNSCC based on 29 immune cell functions (ICFs) in TCGA and GSE65858 datasets. We analyzed the clinical features, immune microenvironment, molecular profiles, and biological processes. Additionally, we developed and validated an ICF-based risk score for personalized prognosis prediction. We confirmed the value of the ICF score in our cohort using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Molecular docking was used to predict potential compounds for immunotherapy. Results: Three immunophenotypes (Immune-L, Immune-M, and Immune-H) were identified in 769 HNSCC samples. The characteristics of Immune-H were consistent with a “Hot” tumor, Immune-L was similar to a “Cold” tumor, and Immune-M exhibited intermediate features. The ICF risk score was associated with immune checkpoints, infiltrating immune cells, tumor mutation burden, and sensitivities to targeted/chemotherapeutic agents. Gene set variation analysis implicated the involvement of metabolic reprogramming pathways in the high-risk group. The combination of “Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion” and “Immunophenoscore” algorithms indicated that the low-risk group had a higher likelihood of benefiting from immunotherapy. Finally, we identified Eltrombopag and other compounds that may be beneficial for HNSCC immunotherapy. Conclusion: Our study provides a novel perspective on the tumor microenvironment of HNSCC, aiding in the understanding of HNSCC heterogeneity and the development of personalized/precision medicine.
Brain Lipids and Lipid Droplet Dysregulation in Alzheimer’s Disease and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Background: Lipids are essential components of the structure and for the function of brain cells. The intricate balance of lipids, including phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol, cholesterol ester, and triglycerides, is crucial for maintaining normal brain function. The roles of lipids and lipid droplets and their relevance to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) remain largely unknown. Summary: Here, we reviewed the basic role of lipid components as well as a specific lipid organelle, lipid droplets, in brain function, highlighting the potential impact of altered lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and NDPs. Key Messages: Brain lipid dysregulation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative and NPDs including AD and schizophrenia. Understanding the cell type-specific mechanisms of lipid dysregulation in these diseases is crucial for identifying better diagnostic biomarkers and for developing therapeutic strategies aiming at restoring lipid homeostasis.
Perioperative use of tranexamic acid in elderly patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty for neck of femur fractures: Is it worth using in every patient? An updated systematic review and Meta-analysis

Hemiarthroplasty becomes the procedure of choice for hip fracture in elderly population with blood loss as its complication. Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been used with no systematic review conducted to evaluate its efficacy and safety. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to conduct literature screening and selection. Main outcomes were extracted for qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Blood loss level and haemoglobin drop was significantly reduced in TXA group as compared to the control group. TXA is also deemed as protective factor for transfusion requirement. TXA use may be considered in every patient undergoing hemiarthroplasty procedure unless absolute contraindication exists.
A SPHERICAL FUZZY BASED DECISION MAKING FRAMEWORK WITH EINSTEIN AGGREGATION FOR COMPARING PREPAREDNESS OF SMEs IN QUALITY 4.0

Researchers work hard to embrace technological changes and redefine the quality management as Quality 4.0 (Q 4.0). In this context, the purpose of the current work is twofold. First, it aims to compare the preparedness of the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) for sustaining in Q4. Second, it intends to propose a novel hybrid spherical fuzzy based multi-criteria group decision-making (MAGDM) framework with Einstein aggregation (EA). A real-life case study on six SMEs is carried out with the help of three experts. For aggregating the individual responses (using spherical fuzzy numbers or SFNs), EA is used. Then two very recent models such as Simple Ranking Process (SRP) and Symmetry Point of Criterion (SPC) are extended using SFN to rank the SMEs. Finally, the validation tests and sensitivity analysis are carried out. It is noted that the application of analytical tools, knowledge management and use of technology under the support and mentorship of visionary leadership are the key criteria for building up the capability to embrace Q 4.0. Interestingly, it is noted that medium scale firms are better prepared than small-scale enterprises. This work is apparently a first of its kind that focuses on SMEs for assessing their quality management practices in Industry 4.0 era.
A Survey on the Use of Outcome Measures during Physical Therapy Interventions by Physical Therapists in Korea

The purpose of this study was to determine the current status of patient care provided by Korean physical therapists (KPTs) in clinical practice by studying the outcome measures (OMs) used in physical therapy interventions among KPTs with experience in treating patients. A total of 225 KPTs with experience in treating patients in clinical settings participated in the study and completed the online questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions about the use of OMs and the reasons for using them, as well as the types, benefits, and barriers of OMs. The participants’ responses were analyzed and reported in terms of frequencies and percentages. A total of 220 questionnaires were analyzed. The results show that the majority of KPTs in clinical practice used OMs during interventions. The main reasons for using OMs were to check the patient’s condition and to determine the direction and effectiveness of treatment. In terms of the types of OMs used, the highest percentage of subjects used both patient-reported OMs (PROMs) and performance-based OMs (PBOMs). They chose OMs that were quick and easy to use and used them voluntarily. Barriers to and reasons for not using OMs were similar, including lack of benefits, lack of time, and problems with patient performance and uncooperative behavior. When analyzing the effect of demographic characteristics on the use of OMs, we found that physical therapists specializing in musculoskeletal and neurological systems, physical therapists with longer treatment times, and physical therapists who valued OMs were more likely to use them. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that improvements in the work environment and healthcare system are needed to enhance the professionalism of KPTs working in the field of physical agent therapy by improving their awareness of Oms and improving the quality of physical therapy interventions.
Soil organic matter loss following land use change from long-term pasture to arable cropping: pool size changes and effects on some biological and chemical functions.

Effects of tillage on soil organic matter (SOM) and soil functions dependent on SOM (C and N minerization, cation retention) were examined in trial that was established (in 2000) to identify practices that conserve SOM following cultivation of pasture to grow annual crops. During the 2000-07 period, soil C stocks declined by about 12 Mg/ha (a decrease of ~14% compared with pasture). Total soil C stocks were not affected by tillage type (intensive, minimum, no tillage) after seven years of continuous cropping. The results confirm that mineralization potential can decline by about 50% within a few years of pasture cultivation. This reduction in mineralization potential is large relative to the decline in total C and N (~20%), indicating labile part of SOM depleted. There was little difference in mineralization between tillage treatments or between disturbed and intact soil cores. The results suggest that changes in total and mineralizable organic matter following change in land use were mainly due to change in plant type from perennial grass returning large amounts of OM to the soil in above ground resideues and roots to an annual crop with smaller inputs. The effects of soil disturbance associated with the establishment of the annual crops appear to have only a small effect on toatla and mineralizable OM.
Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of the Sepiolite Deposits at Polatli Basin (Ankara, Turkey)

The Middle—Upper Miocene—Pliocene sediments near Polatlı contain commercial sepiolitic clay deposits. The sepiolite-rich Polatlı basin sediments were studied to describe the sepiolitic clay deposits of the area and to assess the environments of formation using X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and chemical analysis. The Polatlı basin is an elongated, rift-related graben trending NE—SW in central Turkey, filled with continental Late Miocene to Early Pliocene sediments. The sediments which comprise claystone, marl and limestone, dolostone, and evaporites are characteristic deposits of low-salinity, playa-lake depositional environments. These sepiolite-rich deposits include sepiolite, dolomite, and calcite, with minor amounts of palygorskite, quartz, moganite, amorphous silica (opal-CT), and feldspar.The sepiolite shows all the characteristic X-ray diffraction reflections of that mineral, whereas amorphous silica containing sepiolite shows some of the characteristic reflections of sepiolite, but with somewhat broader and less intense basal reflections. In the siliceous deposits, the long, fibrous, and filamentous aggregates of the sepiolite were converted to thick, short fibers, low in Mg, and showing transition to amorphous silica.Major and trace elements (e.g. Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Sr, Ba, etc.) were found almost exclusively in Mg-rich smectitic claystone and detrital silicate-rich rocks, whereas Mg, Ca, and some Si were concentrated in the neoformed minerals in the basin. The rare-earth elements (REE) and some of the high-field strength elements (HFSE), large ion lithophile elements (LILE), and transition elements (TRE) patterns were similar for detrital silicate-rich rocks and formed from neoformed mineral lithologies. The REE, TRE, LILE, and some of the HFSE contents of limestone, dolostone, and sepiolitic claystone were similar while those of detrital silicate-rich rocks and Mg-rich smectitic claystones were similar to each other. PAAS-normalized REE and other trace-element patterns were typically subparallel and depleted in neoformed minerals. All sample groups had positive Eu* anomalies, except Mg-rich smectite (0.80). Limestone, dolostone, and amorphous silica compounds showed slightly negative Ce* anomalies, whereas sepiolitic claystones, Mg-rich smectitic claystones, and detrital silicate-rich rocks had a slightly positive Ce* anomaly.