Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who should be repairing these hernias? Level of expertise?

Hiatal hernias are commonly seen in patients presenting with GERD. Surgical management of patients with hiatal hernias remains a challenge given the lack of general consensus on management and operative technique. This has led to gaps in quality and outcomes of care in these patients. Variable levels of knowledge, experience, and expertise among practitioners has resulted in extreme deviations in preoperative evaluation, procedural technique, follow-up, and outcomes, that led to poor confidence in surgical management of GERD and hiatal hernias. We performed a literature review of contemporary and latest studies compiled in review format. The conclusions we made from our review of the literature were that foregut surgeons need to have a comprehensive understanding of foregut physiology and coordinate a thorough preoperative evaluation including independent interpretation of esophageal physiologic testing and the ability to perform endoscopy. Foregut surgeons should have specialized expertise and training in benign foregut procedures, minimally invasive techniques, and have a commitment to long term follow up. Ideally these complex operations would be completed by a minimally invasive trained surgeon at a high-volume center as improved outcomes and decreased costs have been associated with laparoscopic technique and increased surgeon/hospital volume. A multidisciplinary approach should be utilized when feasible.
Genetic background of ataxia in children younger than 5 years in Finland

Objective To characterize the genetic background of molecularly undefined childhood-onset ataxias in Finland. Methods This study examined a cohort of patients from 50 families with onset of an ataxia syndrome before the age of 5 years collected from a single tertiary center, drawing on the advantages offered by next generation sequencing. A genome-wide genotyping array (Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array MD-24 v.2.0) was used to search for copy number variation undetectable by exome sequencing. Results Exome sequencing led to a molecular diagnosis for 20 probands (40%). In the 23 patients examined with a genome-wide genotyping array, 2 additional diagnoses were made. A considerable proportion of probands with a molecular diagnosis had de novo pathogenic variants (45%). In addition, the study identified a de novo variant in a gene not previously linked to ataxia: MED23. Patients in the cohort had medically actionable findings. Conclusions There is a high heterogeneity of causative mutations in this cohort despite the defined age at onset, phenotypical overlap between patients, the founder effect, and genetic isolation in the Finnish population. The findings reflect the heterogeneous genetic background of ataxia seen worldwide and the substantial contribution of de novo variants underlying childhood ataxia.
The frequency of pathogenic fungi genera in animal feed.

Fungal invasion of feed commodities and subsequent formation of mycotoxins can lead to nutrient losses and detrimental effects on animal health and production. Infections by fungi and mycotoxin production can develop at various stages of crop production: in the field, during harvesting and transportation or storage. Toxigenic fungal spores are present everywhere in soils, air and water. When conditions are favourable, they can germinate, grow and produce the toxin. The aim of this study was to assess the mycoflora incidence in animal feed (maize, ground maize, sunflower and soybean meal, finished mixture etc.) by microbiological analysis during two year period. A total of 142 animal feed samples in 2007 and 155 samples in 2008 were examined for total fungi count and the frequency of pathogenic fungi genera. Total fungi count was 1-9 x 10 cfu g in most of the investigated animal feed samples (66.90 and 74.19% in 2007 and 2008, respectively). In comparison of the average total fungi count in samples of animal feed from two investigation years no statistically significant differences were established. The most prevalent fungi genus was Fusarium (100 and 100%) followed by Aspergillus (73.94 and 87.10%), Rhizopus (64.09 and 83.87%), Penicillium (45.78 and 70.32%), Mucor (37.32 and 33.55%) while the least frequent species were from genus Alternaria, 4.93% and 16.13% in 2007 and 2008, respectively.
Shallow intraplate seismicity in the Buenos Aires province (Argentina) and surrounding areas: is it related to the Quilmes Trough?

In the light of the November 30th, 2018 (N30) earthquake activity, some neighborhoods of the city of Buenos Aires were shaken by a 3.8 mb earthquake (4.53 km estimated depth). We examined the historical and recent seismic records in order to analyze possible mechanisms related to the distribution of tectonic stresses as responsible for such unusual earthquakes in a region where only very little seismic activity is reported. According to this, at list one historical event occurred on June 5th, 1888 and other small magnitude earthquakes are mentioned since 1848 interpreted as being associated with the Rio de la Plata faulting. But there is, still no consensus about the role of this structure compared to other structures with orientation SW-NE. The lack of evidence to support one over the other structures makes it difficult to analyze these earthquakes. The presence of the Quilmes Trough connecting the Santa Lucía Basin in Uruguay and the Salado Basin in Argentina was recently proposed to play a tectonic role by a system of ENE-WSW trending controlled by extensional faulting related to the beginning of the Gondwana breakup. This depocenter with a thickness of almost 2,000 m of Mesozoic and Tertiary sequences could be acting as a zone of weakness in the crust and therefore responsible for the mentioned earthquake activity. The orientation of this structure correlates well with the present convergence vector between the Nazca and the South American plates and could therefore be propitious for strain release triggering shallow intraplate seismicity. We propose that most of the epicenters from historical and recent earthquakes might be aligned sub-parallel to the principal axis of the Quilmes Trough. Nevertheless, more data is needed to produce a reliable earthquake monitoring system in order to elucidate the tectonic stress regime and the existence of such structures at depth.
Identification and characterization of gene and microRNA networks associated with cancer survival and drug abuse

Aim: To identify and study targets of microRNA biomarkers of glioblastoma survival across events (death and recurrence) and phases (life expectancy or post-diagnostic) using functional and network analyses. Materials and methods: MicroRNAs associated with glioblastoma survival within and across race, gender, recurrence, and therapy cohorts were identified using 253 individuals, 534 microRNAs, Cox survival model, cross-validation, discriminant analyses, and cross-study comparison. Results: All 45 microRNAs revealed were confirmed in independent cancer studies, and 25 of those were further confirmed in glioblastoma studies. Thirty-nine and six microRNAs (including hsa-miR222) were associated with one and multiple glioblastoma survival indicators, respectively. Nineteen and 26 microRNAs exhibited cohort-dependent (including hsa-miR-10b with therapy and hsa-miR-486 with race) and independent associations with glioblastoma, respectively. Conclusion: Sensory perception and G protein-coupled receptor processes were enriched among microRNA gene targets also associated with survival, and network visualization highlighted their relations. These findings can help to improve prognostic tools and personalized treatments.
Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure a Performance of Vocational High School

Some evaluation has been carried out in Vocational High Schools (VHSs), but most of it focuses on the documents or passive data rather than the processes happening in VHSs. Thus, this research focuses on the evaluation of VHS performances where the process is initiated with identifying the constructs and developing the instruments of performance evaluation for VHSs with Technology and Engineering expertise programs. Based on the problems found in the field, before conducting the evaluation, the researcher needs to, at first, develop the instrument of evaluation through three stages of development. The first stage is analyzing the concepts related to the evaluation by examining the factors affecting VHS performances. In the second stage, instrument development and instrument analysis (content validation) are conducted with the help of experts. The third stage is performance evaluation in VHSs located in Yogyakarta. The evaluation employs a set of instruments developed by the researchers. This research has produced a set of instruments for performance evaluation, which can be used extensively in VHSs. Based on the evaluation, it is found that the aspects of general management and academic management of the VHSs being studied are considered “Good”.
Phenolic compounds and fatty acids content of some West Algerian olive oils

Olive represents the most widespread fruit cultivated in Algeria. Olive oil is the primary source of added fat in the Mediterranean diet with health benefits of which have been verified for millennia. Interest in phenolic compounds in olive oil has increased due to its antioxidant activity, which plays a very important role in human health. The present study is carried out to study the phenolic compounds and fatty acids profile of some olive oils from western Algeria. The quality parameters (acidity, peroxide value, K232, K270), tocopherol analysis, fatty acid composition and phenolic profile were determined by High performance chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that chemlal oil (SBA) recorded the highest level of tocopherol-α with 228.12 mg/Kg. Regarding the fatty acid composition, oleic acid was the most dominant, oil Oleaster (Bensekrane) records the highest percentage (72.80%) of oleic acid. The quantitative data on the phenolic content of the seven samples revealed that chemlal oil (SBA) had the highest level of polyphenols (328.99 mg/Kg). However, Sigoise oil (Sebra1) was characterized by the highest levels of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol (15.89 mg/kg and 22.42 mg/kg, respectively). The highest concentrations of oleuropein derivatives and ligstroside derivatives were observed in chemlal oil (SBA) and the recoreded values were 105.97 mg/Kg and 83.49 mg/Kg, respectively. Chemlal oil (SBA) was characterized by the highest amount of lignans (35.93 mg/Kg), luteolin (10.16 mg/Kg) and apigenin (5.44 mg/ Kg). Oleocanthal was found in all the tested samples and it was higher in Chemlal oil (102.43 mg/kg).
Foraging niches of introduced Red-billed Leiothrix and native species in Japan

In Kyushu, southwestern Japan, the introduced population of the Red- billed Leiothrix Leiothrix lutea has increased rapidly and its range expanded consid- erably since early 1980s. In order to clarify the influences of Red-billed Leiothrix on native bird species, we examined the similarities and differences in foraging patterns among species occurring in a deciduous broadleaved forest on the Ebino Plateau, dur- ing the breeding seasons from 1997 to 2000. Leiothrix foraged in a lower vegetational layer with bamboo, intermediate in height between the foraging levels of the Japanese Bush Warbler Cettia diphone and various Parus species. Foraging height, extent of foraging on deciduous trees and foraging technique were major factors best distinguishing Leiothrix from native species. Seg- regation of foraging niche was distinct and no apparent niche shift, due to invasion of the new species, was detected. Aerial insects tended to be more abundant just above bamboo, mainly about one meter above the canopy, than above bare ground. Thus, jumping, a specific technique used by Leiothrix, is effective for capturing aerial in- sects or agile invertebrates resting on leaves and twigs. Aerial insects were found to be abundant in the foraging space preferred by Leiothrix. Gleaning and hanging, tech- niques mainly used by native species, are suitable for capturing prey of low mobility such as Lepidoptera larvae. Probably due to morphological constraints, Parus spp. and Japanese Bush Warblers seldom foraged by jumping, indicating that they exploit quite different food resources from those utilized by Leiothrix despite their foraging spaces overlapping to some extent. In the deciduous broadleaved forests of Kyushu, an avian guild of foraging aerial in- sects in intermediate and lower layers of the forests is poor. Such a community may be subject to the successful invasion of the Red-billed Leiothrix into native forests.
Five-Year Declining Performance of Private and Public Schools in the Philippine Certified Public Accountant Licensure Examination

There is a national trend on the declining percentage of school performance in the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Licensure Examination in the Philippines. This report aims to present the result of this licensure exam in regional level between private and public schools. Quantitative descriptive type of research was utilized in the study using documentary analysis from the result of the Licensure Examination including almost 415 accountancy schools in the country with first takers. Results showed that large number of examinees did not contribute much to increase the record of passing percentage of a certain region but instead it pulls down the passing rate. Public schools in eight (8) regions of the country have significantly higher passing rate than private HEIs. Private HEIs had been consistent in terms of having higher percentage of institutions with zero percent performance rating among first takers. However, private universities produced more top performing examinees than other private colleges and public schools in the country. Findings of the study may provide insights to educational leaders in ensuring the quality on the delivery of instruction through maintaining qualified teachers with relevant knowledge and competencies necessary to prepare the accountancy graduates for licensure examination.
A Review of the Biological Control Programmes on Eichhornia crassipes (C.Mart.) Solms (Pontederiaceae), Salvinia molesta D.S.Mitch. (Salviniaceae), Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae), Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. (Haloragaceae) and Azolla filiculoides Lam. (Azollaceae) in South Africa

Biological control against water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (C.Mart.) Solms (Pontederiaceae), salvinia, Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitch. (Salviniaceae), water lettuce, Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae), parrot's feather, Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. (Haloragaceae), and red water fern, Azolla filiculoides Lam. (Azollaceae) has been ongoing in South Africa since the release of the first biological control agent on water hyacinth in 1974. This review provides an account of progress for the period from 1999. Post-release evaluations over the last three years have shown that, with the exception of water hyacinth, all of these problematic aquatic plants have been suppressed effectively using classical biological control. In eutrophic water bodies at high elevations that experience cold winters, an integrated approach, that includes herbicide application and augmentive biological control, is required against water hyacinth. The grasshopper Cornops aquaticum (Brüner) (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Leptysminae) has recently been released as a new agent for water hyacinth, and Megamelus scutellaris Berg (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and Taosa longula Remes Lenicov (Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae) are being considered for release on water hyacinth. The longterm management of alien aquatic plants in South Africa relies on the prevention of new introductions of aquatic plant species that could replace those that have been controlled, and, more importantly, on a reduction in nutrient levels in South Africa's aquatic ecosystems.
MINIMISING LOSS OF CRAYFISH AND HABITAT DURING WORKS ON WATERCOURSES

Works in watercourses with white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes cause temporary or permanent loss of habitat and crayfish. Past modifications can also leave waterbodies unfavourable for crayfish, but sometimes there is scope to improve them. Mitigation measures can reduce the impact and reinstate or even improve habitat. Various case studies show measures used during engineering works and some of the problems. Good planning and supervision are vital. The big issues at river and catchment scales (non-indigenous crayfish, disease, water quality and landuse) may be higher priorities than provision of habitat at site or reach level; e.g. fencing in pastures improves riparian areas for crayfish and other species. If necessary, there are various options for natural and artificial refuges, but their success depends on flow characteristics, substrate and accessibility. Microhabitat can make the difference between success and failure.
Exosomes derived from HEK293T cells interact in an efficient and noninvasive manner with mammalian sperm in vitro.

Aim: To investigate exosomes as a noninvasive delivery tool for mammalian sperm. Materials & Methods: Exosomes were isolated from HEK293T cells and co-incubated with boar sperm in vitro. Results: Internalised exosomes were detected within 10 min of co-incubation. Computer-assisted sperm analysis and flow cytometry demonstrated that even after 5-h of exposure to exosomes, there were no significant deleterious effects with regard to sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential (p > 0.05), thus indicating that exosomes did not interfere with basic sperm function. Conclusion: HEK293T-derived exosomes interacted with boar sperm without affecting sperm function. Exosomes represent a versatile and promising research tool for studying sperm biology and provide new options for the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.
CHARACTERIZATION OF IRANIAN ISOLATES OF CANINE PARVOVIRUS IN FECAL SAMPLES USING POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAY

Despite the widespread prevalence of canine parvovirus disease (CPV) in Iranian dog population, molecular diagnosis of CPV variants, and investigation of the trends of its genetic changes is a new effort. In this study 50 samples from dogs suspicious of infection with clinical signs of diarrhea and vomiting, and 25 samples from dogs suspected of infection with general symptoms such as depression and anorexia were collected from dogs presented to the veterinary clinic of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Viral DNA was extracted from feces. Three specific pairs of primers, P2, Pab, and Pb, were used in a PCR assay for differential diagnosis of the virus type. Pab primer pairs detect the new type-strains, CPV-2a and 2b. The primer pairs P2 and Pb detect CPV types 2 and 2b, respectively. Our results showed that 44 individuals with clinical signs of diarrhea and vomiting were positive for CPV-2. 39 individuals (89%) were positive for CPV-2b and 5 individuals (11%) for CPV-2a. Therefore, the CPV-2b was identified as the predominant virus type. All dogs without symptoms of diarrhea and vomiting were CPV-negative. The relationship of breed, age and sex with PCR results was not significant (P>0.05). For the first time in the country, the causative agent of CPV-2 was identified, and presence of new antigenic variants, CPV-2a and CPV-2b was confirmed.
Antibacterial Effect of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts from Petal of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on some Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens

1 ،يياذغ داوم لرتنك و تشادهب هورگ ،رايداتسا نارهت ،نارهت هاگشناد ،يكشزپماد هدكشناد 2 نارهت ،نارهت هاگشناد ،يكشزپماد هدكشناد ،يكشزپماد يوجشناد 3 نارهت ،نارهت هاگشناد ،يكشزپماد هدكشناد ،يياذغ داوم لرتنك و تشادهب هورگ ،رايشناد 4 يياذغ داوم تشادهب و هيذغت هورگ ،يبرم ، تشادهب هدكشناد ، هيقب هاگشناد اللها هت ، نار 5 يارتكد صصخت ي ،نارهت يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد يوراد و اذغ تنواعم ،يياذغ داوم لرتنك و تشادهب نارهت 6 نارهت ،نارهت هاگشناد ،يكشزپماد هدكشناد ،يياذغ داوم لرتنك و تشادهب هورگ ،سانشراك * هبتاكم سردآ : وراد و اذغ تنواعم ،سدق نابايخ ،نارهت ، ربامن و نفلت : 66482492 ) 021 ( كينورتكلا تسپ : nshariatifar@ut.ac. ir تفايرد خيرات : 15 / 9 / 89 بيوصت خيرات : 29 / 3 / 90
Serum Nesfatin-1 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross sectional study

1 Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq. * Correspondence: niyan.jassim@hmu.edu. krd Introduction Nesfatin-1 (NES-1) is a newly discovered multi-functional peptide hormone with an approximate molecular weight of 9.8 kilo Dalton and a half-life of 23.5 minutes. It was first discovered in 2006 by Oh-I and his coworkers. NES-1 is derived from nucleobindin2 (NUCB2) precursor, which is DNA and calcium binding protein that is found in the plasma membrane and neuroplasma. NUCB2 is highly conserved in humans, rats, and mice, that shares more than 85% of homology between humans and the other mammal species and even demonstrates similarities with lower organisms. The NUCB2 precursor protein is possibly posttranslationally cleaved by the enzyme prohormone-convertase into the N-terminal NES-1amino acids 1-82 (AA 1-82), NES-2 (AA 85-163) and the C-terminal NES-3 (AA 166-396). Several biological actions for NES-1 have been identified, specifically of the middle part of it, which corresponds to AA 24–53, it has a key role in physiological effects of NES-1, particularly for an anorexic effect, whereas no biological action has been described for NES-2 and NES-3. NUCB2 and NES-1 are expressed by the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. In CNS, expressed prominently in the Background and objective: Nesfatin-1 is a newly described peptide, derived from nucleobindin2. Nesfatin-1 suppresses food intake and it is involved in regulating insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of Nesfatin-1 in patients having type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic subjects. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 90 participants; 64 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (32 males and 32 females) and 26 control subjects (13 males and 13 female). Body mass index, fasting serum level of glucose, fasting serum level of insulin, and glycated hemoglobin were estimated. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was calculated. Nesfatin-1 level was measured using enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay kit. The data was analyzed using Graphpad prism 7.04 for windows. Results: Type 2 diabetes patients aged from 33-78 years and the control group aged from 32-75 years. Nesfatin-1 level in the diabetic group was significantly lower than controls. The median interquartile range (IQR) of Nesfatin-1 was 0.765 (0.4-1.173) in diabetes and 1.02 (0.775-1.458) in controls. The diabetes group has significantly higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance compared with non-diabetics. Serum Nesfatin-1 was correlated negatively with body mass index, fasting serum glucose, fasting serum insulin, glycatedhemoglobin, and homeostasis assessment of insulin resistance. Conclusion: Serum Nesfatin-1 level is negatively correlated with fasting serum glucose, fasting serum insulin, and glycated hemoglobin. This association supports the role of Nesfatin-1 in increased insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes.