Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MORPHOMETRIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF FORAMEN SPINOSUM IN NORTH INDIAN HUMAN SKULLS

Foramen spinosum is located in the infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid, it transmits vital neurovascular structures between infratemporal and middle cranial fossa. It forms a significant landmark while performing microsurgery in the region of middle cranial fossa and in dealing with base of skull trauma surgeries. The present study was conducted to determine the morphometric and morphological variations in the foramen spinosum in north Indian human skulls. Total of 58 skulls of unknown sex were used for the study. Foramen spinosum was found to be round shape in 51.79% (33 right side & 25 left side), oval in 32.14% ( 16 right side & 20 left) and irregular in 16.07% (8 right & 10 left), with predominance of round shape on both right and left side. The mean Antero-Posterior diameter was 2.26mm on right side and 2.42mm on left side. The mean transverse diameter was 2.02 mm and 2.03mm on right & left side respectively. The mean distance between foramen ovale and foramen spinosum was 2.64mm on right side (distance varying from 1.02mm to 7.08mm), and 2.71mm on left side (range of 1.10 to 6.07mm). The knowledge about the precise position and morphometric analysis would be useful for radiologist and neurosurgeons while interpreting radiographs and in surgical interventions in the region of middle cranial and infratemporal fossa.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH OCCURRENCE AND EARLY DETECTION OF PRESSURE ULCERS FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC SPINAL CORD INJURY

Pressure ulcers (PUs) are serious secondary complications occurring in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). PUs not only decrease quality of life, but can adversely affect physical, psychological, emotional and financial status. Although studies have investigated general risk factors for PUs, few have focused on the time period immediately following SCI when the inflammation associated with SCI may influence the body’s ability to tolerate secondary tissue damage leading to occurrence of PUs. Biomarkers obtained from plasma and urine biofluids are commonly used to characterize inflammation. The Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on SCI (RERC on SCI) recruited individuals with new traumatic SCI (TSCI). Data were collected at predetermined time points in acute care, inpatient rehabilitation and after discharge on the risk factors and incidence of PUs, and on plasma and urine inflammatory mediators. A secondary analysis was performed on data obtained from the 104 individuals with TSCI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of clinical, demographic and inflammatory factors with the formation of PUs following TSCI during acute care hospitalization and inpatient rehabilitation. Severity of SCI (ASIA A) and presence of pneumonia were determined to predict PU incidence. Plasma concentrations of IL-1RA, GM-CSF, MIP-1α, IFN- γ, IL-5, IL-17, MIG and MIP-1β; and urine concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IP-10, MCP-1, IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-17, MIG and TNF-α were associated with formation of PU, immediately after SCI. An increase in the plasma concentrations of IP-10 and a decrease in the urine concentrations of IFN-α were observed just before formation of the first PU. A significant association between presence of pneumonia and formation of PU was observed as compared to no pneumonia. This association between PU and pneumonia could be linked through inflammation. Increased plasma synthesis of IFN-α and urine synthesis of IL-1RA were associated with formation of PU in individuals with pneumonia. The findings of this study suggest that an imbalance in the inflammatory response after SCI may be associated with formation of PUs. The findings also suggest an association between the presence of pneumonia and formation of PU, which could be linked through inflammation.
Effect of Supplemental Vitamin E and β-Carotene on Cell-Mediated Immunity and Mastitis in Crossbred Cows

Crossbred pregnant cows (18) in their late lactation were divided into three equal groups and fed as per standard feeding practices. Cows of groups I, II and III were supplemented with 0, 1000 mg α-tocopheryl acetate and 1000 mg α-tocopheryl acetate plus 300 mg β-carotene, respectively from 45 d prepartum to 120 d postpartum. Lymphocyte proliferation assay for evaluating the cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was carried at one week prepartum, calving and one week postpartum. Incidence of sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) was assessed before drying off and fortnightly during 120 d postpartum. Plasma α-tocopherol and retinol levels decreased significantly at calving in all the groups, but the decrease was less in cows of groups II and III as compared to group I. However, group II and III cows returned to normal levels earlier than control cows. Percent decrease in CMI was 47.9, 31.9 and 31.5 at parturition which increased by 41.2, 85.5 and 37.4% during postpartum period in the three groups respectively. Maximum increase in CMI after parturition was observed in vitamin E supplemented group II. The incidence of SCM before drying off was observed with percentage of infected teats as 36, 50 and 36 in the three groups, respectively. Within one week of parturition, percentage of infected teats was 52, 8 and 9 in groups I, II and III, respectively. The increase in the percent infected quarters at parturition in group I indicated the development of new infections besides persistence of previous infections during drying off period. Percent teat infection averaged 26.51, 20.41 and 12.49 in the three groups, respectively. The incidence of clinical mastitis within one week of parturition decreased by 66.6% in groups II and III. The results highligh the beneficial effects of supplementing vitamin E and β-carotene on mastitis in periparturient cows.
Imatinib mesylate in first-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia

Objective: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease characterized by clonal proliferation of myeloid cells. In this study we aimed to present our experience in patients with CML who used imatinib mesylate, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Aim: Sixty nine patients who were diagnosed with CML and were treated with first-generation TKI ( in the form of imatinib mesylate) as initial treatment between 2006 and 2018 were included in this retrospective study. The demographic characteristics, response rates (hematologic, cytogenetic and molecular), adverse events and overall survival (OS) rates were retrospectively analyzed. Results: There were 28 male and 41 female patients with a median age of 49.3. Hematologic, cytogenetic and molecular responses to TKI treatment were evaluated according to the 2013 guidelines of European Leukemia Net (ELN). The complete hematologic response (CHR) rate at three months was 97.1%, the complete cytogenetic response (CCR) rate at 12 months was 73.4%, and the major molecular response (MMR) at 18 months was 77.8%. The most common adverse events were cytopenia (13%), edema (10.1%), nausea/vomiting (7.2%), and musculoskeletal pain (5.8%). The mean follow-up period was 40.4 months for all CML patients, with an overall survival (OS) rate of 84.6% during follow-up. Conclusion: As a real life data in our population, our results were consistent with those reported in the literature. Drug-related adverse events were minimal and tolerable. Long-term survival and disease-free survival can be achieved with proper cytogenetic and molecular monitoring under imatinib treatment and, if necessary, a change in medication.
Study habits and academic performance of first year MBBS students

Background: The goal of education is advancement in personnel, professional, social, and spiritual life. Objective: To observe the study habits, academic performance, and the relation between these two, among the first-year MBBS students in a medical college from southern part of India. Materials and Methods: For this study, self-assessment questionnaire developed and standardized by Palsane and Sarma was adopted. Palsane and Sarma Study Habits and Inventory (PSSHI), is a self-assessment questionnaire which is consisting of six domains and each domain is having a set of 5 statements and a total of 30 statements. Academic performance of the students was assessed with the marks they have obtained in the part completion test on hematology. Targeted population is first-year MBBS students, who were participated voluntarily in this study. Results: The mean PSSHI scores in students with good study habits and poor habits were 227. 70Â±7.81 and 158. 01Â±7.53 (p = 0.0001), and the mean academic performance scores were 16. 15Â±2.11 and 8. 88Â±1.96 (p = 0.0001), respectively. Correlation coefficient (r) between study habits and academic performance was 0.87 and 0.98 in group I and II, respectively. Conclusion: Students with fair study habits scored significantly more when compared with those having poor study habits, in the portion completion test.
Social Communication and Interactions Symptoms in Fragile X Syndrome: The Underlying Comorbidities of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Anxiety

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability. The genetic syndrome is often accompanied by high rates of comorbid autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anxiety. Many symptoms of FXS and ASD overlap, and symptoms of anxiety may appear to be symptoms of ASD. Further, changes in DSM-5 ASD criteria may affect the prevalence of ASD in FXS. The present study examined the prevalence of individuals with FXS who met diagnostic criteria for ASD, especially social communication impairments within the context of DSM-5 changes, and examined parent-reported anxiety as a predictor of ASD diagnosis. A total of 74 participants between the ages of 12 and 40 were administered the Stanford-Binet, 5 th Edition, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2 nd Edition (ADOS-2), Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), and Anxiety Depression and Mood Scale. ASD symptoms were examined across 4 methods: 1) Met based on ADOS-2; 2) met cut-off on the SCQ; 3) met ASD criteria for both ADOS-2 and SCQ; and 4) met based on DSM-5 criteria. The percentage of individuals meeting study diagnostic determination (ADOS-2 + SCQ) for ASD (28%) was similar to previous reports, and was slightly lower than the percentage meeting for the DSM-5 (37%). More individuals met SCI criteria than RRBI criteria. More males met criteria for all ASD variables than females. Multiple regression analyses indicated that parent-reported anxiety did not predict any ASD variables; rather age and nonverbal intelligence were predictive of most ASD variables. Cognitive functioning and variable RRBI symptoms may predict ASD in FXS more strongly than anxiety. Fragile X and Autism 4 Social Communication and Interactions Symptoms in Fragile X Syndrome: The Underlying Comorbidities of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Anxiety Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is characterized by cognitive deficits and a diverse set of behavioral outcomes (Boyle & Kaufmann, 2010). There is great variability in the phenotypes presented; yet virtually all phenotypes include impairments in social communication and interactions. In the past, many of the social impairments observed in FXS were attributed to comorbid autism spectrum disorder (ASD). With the recent changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, (DSM-5) however, it is becoming evident that not all social impairments are a result of ASD. Some researchers have suggested that autism symptoms observed in FXS may be a result of severe cognitive deficits (Rogers, Wehner, & Hagerman, 2001). Other researchers suggest that social communication symptoms of ASD are actually a result of anxiety (Wheeler et al., 2014). At this time, it is unclear the extent to which anxiety affects the social communication symptoms observed in individuals with FXS. Thus, research on the relationship and impact of anxiety on individuals with FXS is needed.
A global perspective on newborn congenital hypothyroidism screening

Abstract Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a thyroid hormone deficiency syndrome in newborns resulting from incomplete thyroid development and decreased thyroid hormone biosynthesis or thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion. Without early treatment, newborns with CH have irreversible neurological deficits and long-term metabolic complications. Therefore, several countries have implemented widespread newborn screening to identify and treat CH in newborns. Although newborn screening has improved diagnosis and treatment outcomes for CH, several questions remain concerning the etiology and increased incidence of CH in different populations. Moreover, the increase in the number of preterm, low-birth-weight newborns and of newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit presenting with CH requires additional research to detect and treat all forms of CH.
A comparative study of hemodynamic changes and serum cortisol levels of induction agents: Thiopentone, propofol, etomidate

Objective: Haemodynamic changes are inevitable while induction of general anesthesia with anaesthetic drugs. This present study records the haemodynamic changes that is caused by three different drugs (thiopental, propofol, and etomidate) used for induction of general anaesthesia. Methods: A Randomized and double-blinded study, 90 patients were assigned to one of the three groups (n=30 each). Propofol2 mg kg-1 in Group, Thiopentone5 mg kg-1 in Group 2 or Etomidate 0.3 mg kg-1 in Group 3. Heart rate (HR) Noninvasive measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), was performed on admittance, after giving fentanyl, immediately before the induction of anaesthesia,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10 mins thereafter intubation. Serum cortisol levels were measured at baseline, after intubation, 30 minutes after induction. Results: Following the administration of propofol (Group 1), a greater decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed when compared with that of etomidate (Group 3) or thiopentone (Group 2). Conclusion: In this study, It can be concluded that etomidate is safer than propofol and thiopental groups in terms of haemodynamic stability.
Memória fonológica em crianças bilíngues bimodais e crianças com implante coclear.

This study compared the performance in phonological memory tasks of bimodal bilingual hearing children (children of deaf parents) and deaf children with cochlear implant (children of deaf parents and hearing parents), with different contexts of access to Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). We used two tests: Portuguese Pseudowords (Santos and Bueno, 2003) and Libras Pseudosigns (developed by researchers from Development Bimodal Bilingual Project). Moreover, we included two control groups, one of deaf children, growing up with Libras, with deaf parents, and the other of hearing adults Codas, bimodal bilinguals, with deaf parents. In the analysis of the results, initially, in regard to the performance among the groups tested, it was found that the bimodal bilingual children had higher scores in both tests. However, when we analyzed the performance of the deaf child with cochlear implant, with deaf parents, with full access to sign language, compared to the other children with cochlear implant, with restricted access to Libras, we found that this child has a similar performance to the Coda children. The cochlear-implanted children with restricted access to Libras, therefore with more access to Portuguese, had lower scores in both tests, being the worst score for the Portuguese test. The results shown that children with cochlear implant can have benefits when they have access to Libras, having similar performances to hearing bimodal bilingual children.
The effect of inspiratory muscle training on swimming performance, inspiratory muscle strength, lung function, and perceived breathlessness in elite swimmers: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background: According to studies performed on terrestrial sports athletes, inspiratory muscle training (IMT) may improve athletes’ performance. However, evidence of its effects in elite swimmers is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of 12-week IMT on swimming performance, inspiratory muscle strength, lung function, and perceived breathlessness in elite swimmers. Methods: Elite swimmers from the main FC Porto swimming team (in competitive training for a minimum period of 3 years) were invited to participate and were randomly allocated into intervention or control groups. The intervention group performed 30 inspiratory efforts, twice a day, 5 times a week, against a pressure threshold load equivalent to 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure, whereas the control group performed inspiratory efforts at the same frequency but against a 15% load. Swimming performance was assessed through time trials, converted into points according to International Swimming Federation Points Table. Outcomes were evaluated before and following the 12-week study period. Results: A total of 32 participants (22 girls) were included. The median age was 15 and 14 years old for the intervention (n = 17) and control (n = 12) groups, respectively. No differences were found in swimming performance (P = .271), inspiratory muscle strength (P = .914), forced vital capacity (P = .262), forced expiratory volume in 1st second (P = .265), peak expiratory flow (P = .270), and perceived breathlessness (P = .568) between groups after 12 weeks of intervention. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of IMT had no effect on swimming performance, lung function, and perceived breathlessness in elite swimmers. These results may be related to swimming-specific factors and/or an applied load insufficient to achieve training overload that could induce further improvements.
Evidence for a single gene effect causing polycystic ovaries and male pattern baldness

OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common endocrine disorders but its aetiology remains unknown. It is highly prevalent within families, suggesting a genetic basic for the syndrome, but the mode of inheritance is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the mode of inheritance of polycystic ovary syndrome, within the families of affected individuals, by classic segregation analysis.
Assessing the Serum Levels of Ferritin and Selenium in three Important Infections of Childhood, Compared to a Control Group

The purpose of this study is to evaluate serum levels of selenium and ferritin in acute infections of childhood. Patients aged 2-15, hospitalized from autumn 2010-2011 in infectious ward of Rasoul-e-Akram hospital were recruited to the study. Patients with documented diagnosis of GI, RTI, UTI were case groups, who were compared to one control group, including patients hospitalized in the same hospital in surgery ward without any active infection. Blood samples were gathered from all patients and ferritin and selenium serum levels were measured in serum specimens. Diagnosis of the three infections was made by a unique infectious specialist. The mean and standard deviation of serum selenium concentration of GI, RTI, UTI and control groups were 64.70±21.43 µg/l, 61.60±19.25 µg/l, 66.37±22.11 µg/l and 62.20±22.08 µg/l, respectively without significant differences in serum selenium levels between these groups (P-value =0.608). The median of serum ferritin levels in GI, RTI, UTI and control groups were 60.05 (48.82-78.01), 62.00 (49.07- 79.35), 60.60 (51.78-79.52) and 58.75 (45.32-76.72), respectively. The difference in ferritin levels between these groups was statistically significant (P-value <0.001). Compared with the control, the RTI and GI groups had significantly higher levels (P<0.001); however, the UTI group was not statistically different from the control (P=0.098). None of the children had ferritin constrictions below 12. As far as selenium and ferritin deficiency is an important issue in developing countries, it would be valuable to assess the role of micronutrients in infectious diseases, as we may be able to prevent such fatal infections by micronutrient supplementations.
Mothers' experiences of an interdisciplinary team process for their child with a feeding disorder

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iv LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES. ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . x GLOSSARY.xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.xvi CHAPTER ONE . 1
Innovation and Tribulation in the History of Randomized Controlled Trials in Surgery

Despite persistent critiques of the rigor of surgical research, surgeons have actually pursued careful empirical studies for centuries. Their work has enriched not only surgical science but also the development of evidencebased medicine. From conducting landmark controlled trials, to using statistics, alternate patient allocation, randomization, and sham controls, surgeons have long embraced innovative trial approaches and played important roles in the development of key methods of RCTs. However, historical contexts unique to surgery have shaped the implementation of RCTs in this field. Unlike the history of pharmaceuticals, in which substantial research funding has been devoted to testing new drugs before their approval, surgical trials have followed a different trajectory. New operations have repeatedly come into wide use in the absence of RCTs. On many occasions, when established procedures have become controversial, surgeons have then marshaled the resources to conduct RCTs reassessing the operations. Such trials have triggered powerful debates in which proponents of surgical RCTs battled against ingrained practices and preferences. In such cases, RCTs often were not decisive factors in determining the fate of surgical practices but supporting tools that followed and reflected changes in surgical judgment already underway. Surgical trialists also have encountered specific, recurring challenges, especially with the methodological and ethical complexity of blinded and sham-controlled trials. The history of surgical trials thus reveals major contributions from surgeons to the advancement of evidence-based medicine, as well as ongoing challenges. Strengthened and systematic trial support could advance the future of surgical RCTs.