Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolución del orógeno Famatiniano en la Sierra de San Luis: magmatismo de arco, deformación y metamorfismo de bajo a alto grado

Evolution of the Famatinian orogen in the Sierra de San Luis: arc magmatism, deformation, and low to high-grade metamorphism. In this geological review of the igneous-metamorphic basement of the Sierra de San Luis we recognize the following three-stage evolution: (1) Pre-Famatinian processes: Initial siliciclastic sedimentation of possible Precambrian age, with interbedded mafic to ultramafic lavas and banded iron formations. Only a few isotopic dates constrain the remnant northwest- trending deformation and associated metamorphism within the Pampean cycle. An additional sedimentary process is also identified within this cycle. (2) Famatinian orogenic cycle, main phase: this was responsible for delineating the most important features of the Sierra de San Luis basement. The Famatinian magmatic arc had already been active since Mid-Cambrian times (507 Ma), and the Ordovician was the climax of the magmatism, tectonism and metamorphism. The granitoids were deformed together with the country rock, and the entire Sierra de San Luis was affected by penetrative NNE-trending foliations. (3) Famatinian cycle, late- to post-orogenic phase: the orogenic activity decreased during Silurian to Early Carboniferous times. Final compression was concentrated through ductile shear zones that led to the juxtaposition and exhumation of metamorphic rock strips. The late- to postorogenic granitoids were also emplaced at this stage. From the regional viewpoint, the Ordovician deformation in Sierras Pampeanas was associated with terrane collision. The Sierra de San Luis was located at the proto-Andean margin of the Gondwana autochthon, where the magmatic arc was emplaced. The Ordovician deformation affected both the Gondwana margin and the Mesoproterozoic basement of the accreted Cuyania terrane, located to the west. To the east of Sierra de San Luis, the Sierra de Cordoba was not directly involved in the main famatinian orogenic axis, and therefore, all the Pampean processes were well preserved there.
Association between a pyroelectric infrared sensor monitoring system and a 3-dimensional accelerometer to assess movement in preweaning dairy calves

Graphical Abstract Summary: The lying and standing times of preweaning dairy calves (1-7 days of age) were monitored with a 3-dimensional accelerometer and an infrared sensor monitoring system (IMS). The IMS converted a movement-induced change in the heat pattern emitted by the calf's body into an analog signal. These signals were counted and condensed into an absolute number of movements. The Pearson correlation coefficient between both standing and lying time and the number of movements measured by the IMS was r = 0.85 and r = -0.85, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) varied from 0.47 to 0.93 among calves. Only high temperature-humidity indexes (THI; >72) slightly affected the measurement accuracy, but still showed comparable results.
The Impact of Hydroxytyrosol on the Metallomic-Profile in an Animal Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

It is undeniable that as people get older, they become progressively more susceptible to neurodegenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Memory loss is a prominent symptom of this condition and can be exacerbated by uneven levels of certain metals. This study used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to examine the levels of metals in the blood plasma, frontal cortex, and hippocampus of Wistar rats with AD induced by streptozotocin (STZ). It also tested the effects of the antioxidant hydroxytyrosol (HT) on metal levels. The Barnes maze behavior test was used, and the STZ group showed less certainty and greater distance when exploring the Barnes maze than the control group. The results also indicated that the control group and the STZ + HT group exhibited enhanced learning curves during the Barnes maze training as compared to the STZ group. The ICP-MS analysis showed that the STZ group had lower levels of cobalt in their blood plasma than the control group, while the calcium levels in the frontal cortex of the STZ + HT group were higher than in the control group. The most important finding was that copper levels in the frontal cortex from STZ-treated animals were higher than in the control group, and that the STZ + HT group returned to equivalent levels to the control group. The antioxidant HT can restore copper levels to their basal physiological state. This finding may help explain HT’s potential beneficial effect in AD-patients.
Crevasse splays from the rapidly aggrading, sand‐bed, braided Niobrara River, Nebraska: effect of base‐level rise

Base‐level rise of ≈2·35 m on the Niobrara River has resulted in aggradation of the channel belt and a recent avulsion. Overbank areas have become flooded by rising groundwaters, and more than eight crevasse splays have formed between 1993 and 1997. Two crevasse splays, situated on the west and east sides of the Niobrara, have been studied using ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), shallow boreholes and topographic surveys. The vibracores and GPR profiles provide a nearly three‐dimensional view of the architecture of crevasse splay deposits. The east splay was initiated in the winter of 1993/94 and has expanded to cover an area ≈200 m by 1000 m, with sediment up to 2·5 m thick. The west splay, which was initiated by the opening of a crevasse channel through a levee in the autumn of 1995, covers an area ≈150 m by 250 m, with up to 1·2 m of sand deposited in a single year. The Niobrara splays are sand dominated and characterized by bedload deposition within channels, 5–30 m wide and 0·5–2 m deep, with the development of slipfaces where splays prograde into standing bodies of water. Sedimentary structures in cores include horizontal lamination, ripple lamination and sets of cross‐stratification. There is a slight tendency for splays to coarsen up, but individual beds within the splays often fine up. The abundance of crevasse splays on the Niobrara River contrasts with other braided river floodplains. In the Niobrara, crevasse splay formation followed aggradation within the channel belt, which occurred in response to base‐level rise. The link between crevasse splays, channel aggradation and base‐level rise has important implications for the interpretation of ancient braided river and floodplain sequences. It is suggested that crevasse splay deposits should be an important component of aggrading fluvial sediments and, hence, should be preserved within the rock record. In this case, the aggradation and crevassing have been tied to a rise in base‐level elevation, and it is suggested that similar deposits should be preserved where braided rivers are affected by base‐level rise, for instance during transgression and filling of palaeovalleys.
Extension, Displacement, and Block Rotation in the Larger Gullfaks Area, Northern North Sea: Determined from Map View Restoration

Numerical map view restoration of the larger Gullfaks area on the western side of the Viking Graben reveals a Late Jurassic apparent displacement field that is slightly divergent, with displacement vectors trending east-northeast-west-southwest to east-southeast-west-northwest. The predominant extension direction is east-west in the Gullfaks field, changing to east-southeast-west-southwest in the Gullfaks Sor area. We relate the divergent pattern to extensional collapse over low-angle extensional detachments in the eastern part of the area. The detachments also explain the anomalously high extensions in this same area. Total extension in the horizontal plane is estimated to be 19% on average in the larger Gullfaks area, whereas it is 42 and 33% in Gullfaks and Gullfaks So , respectively. Block rotations (about vertical axes) are minor (mostly <5°). Calculated fault-slip directions indicate that major north-south-striking faults are mostly dip-slip, whereas accommodation faults or transfer faults, oriented at high angles to the major faults, tend to be oblique slip. In general, numerical or manual map view restoration is useful before choosing and balancing vertical sections. In most of the Gullfaks area, strain is close enough to plane strain and block rotations are small enough for section balancing to be reliable. East-west sections should be chosen across the main Gullfaks field, and east-southeast-west-northwest sections in the Gullfaks Sor area.
Factors Affecting Schools’ Acceptance of Platform SIPLah Implementation Using UTAUT Modified Model

SIPLah is an inventive process for purchasing goods and services in educational institutions. It facilitates the reporting process by providing online marketplace partners, non-cash electronic payments, and digitization of documents. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of SIPLah adoption on the quality of good government governance and identify the factors influencing educational institutions in adopting SIPLah. The study was conducted with 210 respondents, who are school principals or officially appointed individuals responsible for procuring goods/services. Questionnaires were distributed online, and data were analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results show that Use Behavior in SIPLah adoption significantly influences good government governance. Performa expectancy, effort expectancy, and perceived service quality significantly influence attitude towards SIPLah adoption and usage. Conversely, social influence, facilitating condition, Trust in application, and perceived risk do not significantly affect attitude in adopting SIPLah.
Accurate Locations of Nuclear Explosions at the Lop Nor Test Site Using Alignment of Seismograms and IKONOS Satellite Imagery

Locations are estimated of 11 underground nuclear explosions conducted between 26 May 1990 and 29 July 1996 at the Lop Nor test site in western China. To perform the analysis, seismic recordings were obtained from the Center for Monitoring Research (CMR), U.S. National Data Center, and Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Management Center. Using recordings with adequate signal-to-noise ratios, P -wave arrivals are picked manually by aligning waveforms of the events at common stations. This provides very precise relative phase timings (i.e., with relative errors typically much less than 0.1 sec). Based on analysis of commercial IKONOS satellite imagery, the locations of three explosions are fixed and used as master events. The other events are located relative to the nearest master event after correcting their travel times by the travel-time residuals (relative to IASP91) of the master events. Location estimates of the 25 September 1992 and 29 July 1996 nuclear tests are within about 100 m of each other. The 90%-confidence error ellipse for the 29 July 1996 event has a semimajor axis of less than 0.3 km. The results indicate that these two tests were likely conducted in the same tunnel. Location estimates of nine explosions conducted at the eastern zone of the Lop Nor test site are within 140 to 490 meters of vertical boreholes and infrastructure to support nuclear testing observed in IKONOS imagery. The location estimates of the eleven Chinese explosions are all considered to be well within one km of the true detonation points and, hence, are categorized as GT1 events (as defined by Yang et al. , 2000a). These solutions allow seismic travel times to be calibrated accurately for the Lop Nor region at seismographic stations of the International Monitoring System (IMS). Manuscript received 23 October 2001.
İlköğretim Fen Bilgisi Öğretmen Adaylarının Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimlerinin İncelenmesi

Bu calisma fen bilgisi ogretmen adaylarinin elestirel dusunme egilimlerini incelemeyi amaclamaktadir. Calisma betimsel arastirma niteliginde olup tarama modelinde yurutulmustur. Calisma grubu, amacsal ornekleme yontemlerinden benzesik durum orneklemesi kapsaminda belirlenmistir. Bu calismada da Fen Bilgisi ogretmenligi lisans programina kayitli ogretmen adaylarinin elestirel dusunme egilimleri birer olgu olarak dusunulmus ve calisma surecinde de bu olgular betimlenmistir. Bu cercevede, 2010-2011 egitim-ogretim yilinda Fen Bilgisi Ogretmenligi anabilim dalinin ozellileri yansittigi dusunulen [Ahi Evran Universitesi (343 katilimci), Gazi Universitesi (112 katilimci) ve Aksaray Universitesi (85 katilimci)] Fen Bilgisi ogretmenligi lisans programinda ogrenim gormekte olan toplam 540 kisi calisma grubunu olusturmustur. Arastirmada veri toplam araci olarak; Facione, Facione ve Giancarlo (1998) tarafindan gelistirilen ve Kokdemir (2003) tarafindan Turkce’ye uyarlanan The California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI-R) kullanilmistir. Olcek onlu likert olarak hazirlanmistir. Bu calismada, ogretmen adaylarinin elestirel dusunme egilimleri olcegi ile elde edilen verilerin analizi SPSS 15 paket programi ile yapilmistir. Bu kapsamda betimsel istatistikler olarak frekans, yuzde, ortalama ve standart sapma degerleri ile birlikte acimlayici istatistik tekniklerinde ise Kruskal Wallis ve Mann-Whitney U testleri kullanilmistir. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde SPSS 15 paket programi kullanilmistir. Arastirma bulgularina gore; fen bilgisi ogretmen adaylarinin elestirel dusunme egilimleri, genel olarak orta duzeyin (60%) uzerindedir
Impacts of atmospheric modes of variability on Mediterranean Sea surface heat exchange

The impacts of variations in the state of the first four modes of atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic/Europe region on air-sea heat exchange in the Mediterranean Sea are considered. Observation-based indices of these modes from the NOAA Climate Prediction Centre are used together with two reanalysis (NCEP/NCAR and ARPERA) surface flux data sets for the period 1958–2006 to determine their relative influence on the mean heat budget of the full Mediterranean basin and the eastern and western subbasins. The modes considered are the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), East Atlantic pattern (EA), Scandinavian pattern (SCAN), and East Atlantic/West Russian pattern (EA/WR). Similar results are obtained with both NCEP/NCAR and ARPERA. In each case, winter anomalies dominate the annual mean heat budget and the leading mode, the NAO, has a surprisingly small impact on the full basin winter mean heat budget, <5 Wm? 2. In contrast, the EA mode has a major effect, of order 25 Wm? 2, with similar impacts on both the eastern and western Mediterranean. The SCAN mode has the weakest influence of those considered. The EA/WR mode plays a significant role but, in contrast to the EA mode, it generates a dipole in the heat exchange with an approximately equal and opposite signal of about 15 Wm? 2 on the eastern and western subbasins. A particularly strong impact in the Aegean Sea is observed for the EA/WR mode and this is discussed in the context of episodic deep water formation in this region.
Biometry of Cenomanian–Turonian placoliths: a proxy for changes of fertility and surface‐water temperature?

Most publications discussing Cenomanian–Turonian calcareous nannofossils focus on abundance fluctuations across the boundary interval. So far, there have been no studies that deal with the influence of palaeoenvironmental changes on the size of common Cenomanian–Turonian nannofossil taxa. The genera Biscutum, Broinsonia, Prediscosphaera, Retecapsa and Watznaueria have therefore been analysed from 19 samples of Cenomanian–Turonian age from the Goban Spur, northeast Atlantic. The genus Biscutum shows a slight decrease of mean length from 4.14 μm in the Cenomanian to 3.94 μm in the Turonian. Broinsonia is marked by a decrease from 6.07 μm in the Cenomanian to 5.64 μm in the Turonian. On the other hand, Prediscospheara increases in size from 4.98 μm in the Cenomanian to 5.61 μm in the Turonian. Two genera (Retecapsa, Watznaueria) show no significant changes in their mean length. The mean size of Biscutum is perhaps controlled by nutrients, where larger specimens may have preferred the more fertile palaeoenvironment of the Late Cenomanian. The size decrease of Biscutum in the Turonian is probably related to reduced nutrient availability. The genus Prediscosphaera spp. , may have favoured low-fertility conditions, as its mean size increases in the Turonian. A worldwide decline of the frequency of Broinsonia spp. during the Cenomanian–Turonian transition implies that this genus is not solely controlled by the nutrient content. The size of Broinsonia spp. may have been therefore influenced by the latest Cenomanian warming event. The increase in sea-surface temperature may have been unfavourable for Broinsonia spp. as reflected by decreasing mean size and frequency. □Calcareous nannofossils, biometry, morphometry, Oceanic Anoxic Event 2.
Spatial variability of phytoplankton, nutrients and new production estimates in the waters around Svalbard

Phytoplankton dynamics and carbon input into Arctic and sub-Arctic ecosystems were investigated around Svalbard, in summer 1991. Phytoplankton biomass, species composition and dissolved nutrient concentrations were analysed from water samples collected along seven transects. Phytoplankton biomass was low especially to the north (Chlorophyll-a mean 0.3 μg 1-1), where flagellates dominated the communities and only ice-diatoms were present. To the west, the phytoplankton composition was representative of a summer Atlantic community, in a post-bloom state. Zooplankton grazing, mainly by copepods, appeared to be the main control on biomass to the west and north of Svalbard. In the Barents Sea (east of Svalbard), an ice edge bloom was observed (Chlorophyll-a max. 6.8 μg1 -1) and the ice edge receded at a rate of approximately 11 km day-1. The phytoplankton community was represented by marginal ice species, especially Phaeocystis poucherii and Chaeroceros socialis. South of the ice edge, Deep Chlorophyll Maxima (DCM) were observed, as surface waters became progressively nutrient-depleted. In these surface waters, the phytoplankton were predominantly auto- and heterotrophic flagellates. Carbon production measurements revealed high net production (new and regenerated) to the north of the Barents Sea Polar Front (BSFW); it was especially high at the receding ice edge (reaching 1.44g C m-1 day-1). To the south, a low level of production was maintained, mainly through regenerative processes.
Computational Efficiency Maximization for UAV-Assisted MEC Networks With Energy Harvesting in Disaster Scenarios

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted mobile-edge computing (MEC) networks are considered to provide effective and efficient solutions for disaster management. However, the limited size of end-user devices comes with the limitation of battery lives and computational capacities. Therefore, offloading, energy consumption, and computational efficiency are significant challenges for uninterrupted communication in UAV-assisted MEC networks. This article considers a UAV-assisted MEC network with energy harvesting (EH). To achieve this, we mathematically formulate a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem to maximize the computational efficiency of UAV-assisted MEC networks with EH under disaster situations. A power-splitting architecture splits the source power for communication and EH. We jointly optimize user association, transmission power of user equipment (UE), task offloading time, and UAV’s optimal location. To solve this optimization problem, we divide it into three stages. In the first stage, we adopt $k$ -means clustering to determine the optimal locations of the UAVs. In the second stage, we determine user association. In the third stage, we determine the optimal power of UE and offloading time using the optimal UAV location from the first stage and the user association indicator from the second stage, followed by linearization and the use of the interior-point method to solve the resulting linear optimization problem. Simulation results for offloading, no-offloading, offloading-EH, and no-offloading-EH scenarios are presented with a varying number of UAVs and UEs. The results show the proposed EH solution’s effectiveness in offloading scenarios compared to no-offloading scenarios in terms of computational efficiency, bits computed, and energy consumption.
The impact of vertical measurement depth on the information content of soil moisture times series data

Using a decade of ground‐based soil moisture observations acquired from the United States Department of Agriculture's Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN), we calculate the mutual information (MI) content between multiple soil moisture variables and near‐future vegetation condition to examine the existence of emergent drought information in vertically integrated (surface to 60 cm) soil moisture observations (θ0–60 [cm]) not present in either superficial soil moisture observations (θ5 [cm]) or a simple low‐pass transformation of θ5. Results suggest that while θ0–60 is indeed more valuable than θ5 for predicting near‐future vegetation anomalies, the enhanced information content in θ0–60 soil moisture can be effectively duplicated by the low‐pass transformation of θ5. This implies that, for drought monitoring applications, the shallow vertical penetration depth of microwave‐based θ5 retrievals does not represent as large a practical limitation as commonly perceived.
Sensitivity of the MAR regional climate model snowpack to the parameterization of the assimilation of satellite-derived wet-snow masks on the Antarctic Peninsula

Abstract. Both regional climate models (RCMs) and remote sensing (RS) data are essential tools in understanding the response of polar regions to climate change. RCMs can simulate how certain climate variables, such as surface melt, runoff and snowfall, are likely to change in response to different climate scenarios but are subject to biases and errors. RS data can assist in reducing and quantifying model uncertainties by providing indirect observations of the modeled variables on the present climate. In this work, we improve on an existing scheme to assimilate RS wet snow occurrence data with the “Modèle Atmosphérique Régional” (MAR) RCM and investigate the sensitivity of the RCM to the parameters of the scheme. The assimilation is performed by nudging the MAR snowpack temperature to match the presence of liquid water observed by satellites. The sensitivity of the assimilation method is tested by modifying parameters such as the depth to which the MAR snowpack is warmed or cooled, the quantity of water required to qualify a MAR pixel as “wet” (0.1 % or 0.2 % of the snowpack mass being water), and assimilating different RS datasets. Data assimilation is carried out on the Antarctic Peninsula for the 2019–2021 period. The results show an increase in meltwater production (+66.7 % on average, or +95 Gt), along with a small decrease in surface mass balance (SMB) (−4.5 % on average, or −20 Gt) for the 2019–2020 melt season after assimilation. The model is sensitive to the tested parameters, albeit with varying orders of magnitude. The prescribed warming depth has a larger impact on the resulting surface melt production than the liquid water content (LWC) threshold due to strong refreezing occurring within the top layers of the snowpack. The values tested for the LWC threshold are lower than the LWC for typical melt days (approximately 1.2 %) and impact results mainly at the beginning and end of the melting period. The assimilation method will allow for the estimation of uncertainty in MAR meltwater production and will enable the identification of potential issues in modeling near-surface snowpack processes, paving the way for more accurate simulations of snow processes in model projections.