Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL CITOTÓXICO DOS CHÁS DE Camellia sinensis L. E Cassia angustifolia Vahl EM SISTEMA TESTE VEGETAL

Os chas de Camellia sinensis (cha verde) e Cassia angustifolia (cha sene) sao amplamente consumidos pela populacao brasileira, em funcao de suas propriedades antioxidantes e laxativas, respectivamente. Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a citotoxicidade do cha de Camellia sinensis e do cha de Cassia angustifolia, dos quais se obteve tres amostras (solucoes-tratamento) para cada cha: cha verde - 0,57; 1,15 e 2,30%m/V e cha sene – 0,85; 1,70 e 3,40%m/V. Para esta avaliacao, utilizou-se as celulas meristematicas de raiz de Allium cepa L. e estabeleceram-se 3 grupos: CO (0h), TR (24h) e RE (24h). Foram analisadas 5.000 celulas por grupo, para o calculo do indice mitotico medio de cada grupo e a analise estatistica foi feita pelo teste do Qui-quadrado. A partir dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que as amostras testadas dos chas das duas plantas nao causaram acao citotoxica, estatisticamente significativa, e nem alteracoes cromossomicas no sistema teste utilizado.
Informed Trading in Options or Price Pressure in Stocks? Connecting the DOTS in Option-Based Return Predictability

The distance between option-implied and traded stock prices (DOTS) predicts future stock returns. A trading strategy based on DOTS yields an alpha of 85 basis points on the day after portfolio formation. We show that DOTS is strongly related to return reversals, order imbalances, and transaction costs in stocks, and is only weakly related to trading activity in options. These results are consistent with temporary stock price pressure being an important driver of the option-based return predictability. This significantly affects the interpretation of measures of informed trading based on option-implied volatilities, which are sensitive to pressure in stock prices.
GASTROINTESTINAL BACTERIAL SYMBIONTS: REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

52 Introduction . 52 Materials and Methods . 56 Results. 62 Discussion. 71 Conclusions. 75 CHAPTER 4 THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITY OF THE HINDGUT CHAMBER OF POMACANTHUS SEXSTRIATUS Abstract. 84 Introduction. 84 Materials and Methods. 87 Results. 90 Discussion. 104 Appendix A CYTOSKELETAL ELEMENTS IN EPULOPISCIUM SP TYPE B Introduction. 115 Background . 115 Materials and Methods. 116 Results. 118 Discussion. 120 . 84 Introduction. 84 Materials and Methods. 87 Results. 90 Discussion. 104 Appendix A CYTOSKELETAL ELEMENTS IN EPULOPISCIUM SP TYPE B Introduction. 115 Background . 115 Materials and Methods. 116 Results. 118 Discussion. 120
Escherichia coli O157 in Farm Animals

Fundamental characteristics and biology of E coli 0157 E coli 0157:H7 and the rumen environment bovine infection with E coli 0157 H7 animal studies in Scotland verocytotoxic E coli 0157 in Germany human infection with E coli 0157:H7 control of E coli 0157 in the slaughterhouse carriage of E coli 0157 by wild birds commensal-pathogen interactions and the prospects for control.
A Semantic IoT Early Warning System for Natural Environment Crisis Management

An early warning system (EWS) is a core type of data driven Internet of Things (IoTs) system used for environment disaster risk and effect management. The potential benefits of using a semantic-type EWS include easier sensor and data source plug-and-play, simpler, richer, and more dynamic metadata-driven data analysis and easier service interoperability and orchestration. The challenges faced during practical deployments of semantic EWSs are the need for scalable time-sensitive data exchange and processing (especially involving heterogeneous data sources) and the need for resilience to changing ICT resource constraints in crisis zones. We present a novel IoT EWS system framework that addresses these challenges, based upon a multisemantic representation model. We use lightweight semantics for metadata to enhance rich sensor data acquisition. We use heavyweight semantics for top level W3C Web Ontology Language ontology models describing multileveled knowledge-bases and semantically driven decision support and workflow orchestration. This approach is validated through determining both system related metrics and a case study involving an advanced prototype system of the semantic EWS, integrated with a deployed EWS infrastructure.
Seasonal energy requirements and water intakes of Indian crested porcupines (Hystrix indica) in captivity

Four adult male Indian crested porcupines ( Hystrix indica ), held in covered outdoor enclosures in the Negev Desert of southern Israel, were offered ad lib. water and a dry rodent ration (16.5% protein; 9% fibre; 19.2 kJ/g dry matter) at four nutritional planes (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% of ad lib. intake) during consecutive 10-day feeding trials in summer (July–August) and winter (January-February). Water intakes were significantly higher in summer (137 ± 61 ml kg−1 day−1 X ± SD ) than winter (53 ± 7 ml kg−1 day−1). There were no seasonal differences in ad lib. food intake, in dry matter (DM) digestibility (annual X = 76.5%), or in gross energy digestibility (80.9%). Moreover, maintenance energy requirements (estimated from body mass changes) were similar in both seasons, and averaged 220 kJ kg−1 day−1 (445 kJ kg−0.75 day−1), or 1.5 × estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR). These results, supported by limited data from free-ranging H. indica , indicate that Hystrix porcupines are capable of substantial formation and mobilization of fat reserves. This is a useful adaptation in seasonally fluctuating arid environments. Large inverse changes in the proportional composition of body water and body solids are likely such that total body mass is an inadequate index to body condition.
Durian flowering, pollination and incompatibility studies

Summary Seasonal fluctuations in weather conditions were found to influence the flowering and fruiting phenology and reproductive biology of durian grown around Darwin. Manually assisted cross-pollination resulted in higher fruit set of 31% in contrast to < 10% by selfing, producing higher yields and better quality fruit. Self-pollination resulted in more fruit abortion and produced fruits that were mis-shapen, curved with lower numbers of arils/locule, arils/fruit and lower numbers of seeds which were usually shrunken and disfunctional. Evidence from these studies also confirmed that the self-incompatibility system in durian is gametophytically controlled and that cultivars could be totally self-incompatible, partially self-incompatible or totally compatible. The durian pollen was found to exert metaxenia effects that influenced the development of the fruit characteristics and also xenia effect on the seed.
Chromatographic analysis of fatty acid composition in differently sized seeds of castor accessions

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between oil content and seed size in 32 castor accessions. The oil content and fatty acid composition were determined using the Soxhlet extraction method and capillary gas chromatography. The results indicated that the values of seed characteristics were very variable. The crude fat percentage among the accessions ranged from 36.62% to 49.19%. The content of ricinoleic acid was highest in all fatty acid compositions, from 82.3% to 88.6%. The other fatty acids appeared at a low content (less than 1%). Correlation analysis revealed that seed size was significantly positively correlated with 100-seed weight, the crude fat content and the ricinoleic acid content but showed negative correlation with the content of palmitic and arachidic acids. Hierarchical clustering of castor cultivars separated the 32 accessions into four independent clusters. The obtained results provide useful information for further research in breeding and utilization of castor oil.
Oxytrigona tataira (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) as a collector of honeydew from Erechtia carinata (Funkhouser) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) on Caryocar brasiliense Cambessèdes (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) in the Brazilian Savanna

Trophobiont insects are of general interest to behavioral ecology due to the fact that the outcomes of their interactions with hymenopterans can result in strong facultative mutualisms. In this paper we present observations of Oxytrigona tataira (Smith) collecting honeydew from Erechtia carinata (Funkhouser) on Caryocar brasiliense Cambessedes in a cerrado sensu stricto fragment from Brazilian Savanna. Our observations showed that these bees stimulate E. carinata individuals touching them with the antennas in the gaster to collect honeydew. O. tataira has not been previously recorded collecting honeydew on E. carinata. Thus, we present these observations as a novel bee-treehopper interaction.
Effect of promoted natural feed on the production, nutritional, and immunological parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) semi-intensively farmed

The effect of promoted biota on the production parameters, water quality, nutritional and immunological condition of Litopenaeus vannamei was assessed in semi-intensive ponds. Earthen ponds were used as experimental units: three with formulated + natural promoted feed + shrimp (T1), three with formulated feed + shrimp (T2), and three with promoted natural feed without shrimp (Control). The dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were optimal for all treatments (≥6 mg L−1) as well as the pH (8.4–8.6). Total ammonia nitrogen was greater in T2 (0.10 mg L−1) than T1 (0.07 mg L−1) and the Control (0.06 mg L−1). Phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos were more abundant in T1 and the Control. The promotion of natural feed had a positive effect on all the production parameters of shrimp with an increase of 19.0%, 3.5% and 23.9% in weight gain, survival, and final biomass, respectively; also it was observed a decrease of 13.9% in feed conversion ratio. No differences in haemolymph parameters were observed for nutritional indicators (glucose, cholesterol, proteins, and triglycerides) nor for immunological response (phenoloxidase and prophenoloxidase). The results indicate that the promotion of biotic communities enhances the production parameters of farmed shrimp, without affecting the nutritional and immunological status. Also the water quality was improved by the presence of biota.
The use of subspecies in the systematics of southern African white‐eyes: historical entities or eco‐geographic variants

The recognition of objectively diagnosable and evolutionarily significant terminal taxa, that is, evolutionarily significant units (ESU), is essential for the generation of defensible taxic hypotheses necessary for all forms of evolutionary and comparative biology and for effective guiding of biodiversity conservation. However, there has been a long and on-going, sometimes heated debate, on the merits of the subspecies category in this endeavour. To determine possible ESU present in southern African white-eyes, Zosterops spp. , we used uni- and multivariate statistical approches to re-investigate the morphological characteristics (morphometric and plumage coloration) used in past taxonomic studies to propose nine putative southern African Zosterops ESU, described at the time as subspecies. Four ESU emerged from these analyses. Geographical, discriminatory, multifaceted analyses suggest that these four taxa, Z. senegalensis, Z. virens, Z. capensis and Z. pallidus warrant species status.
Parasitism of dolphinfishes, Coryphaena hippurus and Coryphaena equiselis, in the western Mediterranean (Balearic Islands) and central-eastern Atlantic (Canary Islands)

A total of 648 dolphinfishes were examined for internal and external parasites in western Mediterranean (Balearic Islands) and central-eastern Atlantic (Canary Islands) waters in order to make a comparative study between the two areas. The specimens studied from the Mediterranean Sea was Coryphaena hippurus , with 62 large individuals captured from May to September and 497 juveniles captured from August to December. The specimens studied from the central-eastern Atlantic were 39 adult C. hippurus and 49 adult Coryphaena equiselis . Parasites were found in 70% of the fish examined, and represented a total of nine endoparasitic taxa: six digeneans (Class Trematoda, Subclass Digenea; Dinurus tornatus, Dinurus breviductus, Dinurus longisinus, Lecithocladium excisum, Bathycotyle branchialis and Hirudinella sp.), two nematodes (Class Nematoda, Order Spirurida; Philometroides sp. and Metabronema magna ) and one acanthocephalan (Phyllum Acanthocephala; Rhadinorhynchus pristis ). Seven crustacean copepod ectoparasites were identified: Caligus quadratus, Caligus productus, Caligus bonito, Caligus coryphaenae (Family Caligidae) and Euryphorus nymphae (Family Euriphoridae) were found in gill mucus masses or on the inner surface of the operculum, the lernaeopodid Neobrachiella coryphaenae (Family Lernaeopodidae) was attached to gill filaments and the pennellid Pennella filosa (Family Pennellidae) was anchored to fins and rays or, deeply, to muscular tissue and abdominal cavity. The relationships between feeding habits, parasite recruitment and parasite transmission were analysed, some ecological aspects of all the parasitic species are discussed, and some comments are made on parasite-host relationships.
Effect of Protein-Energi Concentration in Feed on Body Weight Gain, Energy and Protein Efficiency in the Growth Period of Merawang Chicken

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of protein-energy concentration in feed on using of energy and protein efficiency in the growth performance of Merawang chicken, as breed local of native chicken. This study was using 101 day old chicks from mating groups of six sires and 20 dams. The chickens were identification individually based on its parent groups, respectively. All of the chickens were divided in three groups of feeding treatment that was different in protein-energy concentration but had the same of protein : energy ratio (1:150). The rations were namely (1) high concentration (21% protein and 2240 kcal/kg ME) for 36 chicks; (2) medium concentration (18% protein and 2670 kcal/kg ME) for 35 chicks and (3) low concentration (15% protein and 3140 kcal/kg ME) for 30 chicks, respectively. The weekly collected data were individually of body weight and feed consumption for 12 week of old. The data were statistically analyzed by one way classification of completely randomized design (CRD) for body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, protein and energy intake, and efficiency of using protein and energy for body weight gain. The mean different was tested by Duncan’s multiple range of test. The results showed that body weight gain was only significantly different (P≥0.001) at 2 nd and 3 rd week of ages and then it was statistically no difference any more up to 12 weeks old of age. Weekly and cumulative feed consumption and feed conversion showed a highly significant different (P≥0.001). A lower feed consumption and feed conversion were found in a high protein-energy concentration and the higher in a low protein-energy concentration treatment. The best efficiency energy and protein (P≥0.001) was found in the treatment of medium and low protein-energy concentrations and the lowest one in the high protein-energy concentration. The conclusions was that the medium protein-energy concentration ration (protein 18% and 2690 kcal/kg ME) was the best ration for the first four weeks of age and then the low and the medium could be fed up to 12 weeks of age without different effect on body weight gain. The high protein-energy ration was not recommended, because of using protein and energy for body weight gain had a lower efficiency. (Animal Production 11(1): 15-22 (2009) Key Words : merawang chickens, body weight gain , energy and protein efficiency
Screening for Resistance to Powdery Mildew and Brown Rust in Wheat-Leymus racemosus and Wheat-Thinopyrum junceiforme Alloploids

Ellneskog-Staam, P. and Merker, A. (Department of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden). Screening for resistance to powdery mildew and brown rust in wheat–Leymus racemosus and wheat–Thinopyrum junceiforme alloploids. Accepted June 11, 2002. Acta Agric. Scand. , Sect. B, Soil and Plant Sci. 52: 158–161, 2002. © 2002 Taylor & Francis. Pernilla Ellneskog-Staam* and Arnulf Merker
Response of soybean to foliar fertilization with magnesium sulfate (epsom salt)

Six cultivars of soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr. ) maturity groups 0 and 1 were evaluated in relation to the response to foliar fertilization with two levels of Epsom salt (ESFF) on grain yield, protein and oil content in grain. A field study conducted in Eastern Croatia during four years (1998–2001). The obtained results showed significant increasing of grain yield, protein and oil content in grain affected by ESFF. At investigated traits were non significant differences between two treatment levels. Interaction ESFF with cultivars as well as with years was significant, respectively.
The Effect of Water Content on the Penetration Resistance of Different Soils, and Regression Models

The purposes of this study were to determine the relationships between soil water content and soil penetration resistance, and to develop regression models for comparing penetration resistance in different soils. A field study was conducted on four different soils in Entisol on the Konya plain. Significant relationships were found between soil water content and soil penetration resistance (r2= 0.77 to 0.99). The results of regression analysis showed that the regression equation was Y=a+bX3, in which Y was penetration resistance (kPa) and X was soil water content (%), a and b were constants changing with soil and different layers of the same soil. Correlation coefficients between penetration resistance calculated from regression equations and penetration resistance from field experiment measurements varied between 0.94 and 0.99.
Refuting the six‐genus classification of Penaeus s.l. (Dendrobranchiata, Penaeidae): a combined analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear genes

Ma, K. Y. , Chan, T. ‐Y & Chu, K. H. (2011). Refuting the six‐genus classification of Penaeus s.l. (Dendrobranchiata, Penaeidae): a combined analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 498–508.
Evolution of the mammalian β-globin gene cluster

Abstract We have examined relationships among the adult beta-globin genes and pseudogenes of human, rabbit, goat, and mouse. This was done by looking at homology in noncoding and flanking regions which have not been as heavily affected by gene conversion as have the coding regions of these genes. The 3' half of the beta-globin clusters of human, rabbit, and goat all originated from a two-gene ancestral cluster. We refer to the two genes as proto-delta and proto-beta after their descendants in the human genome. We propose that the 3' half of the mouse cluster originated from a four-gene ancestral cluster consisting of a proto-delta, a proto-beta, a second proto-delta, and a second proto-beta. The delta-beta intergene distance is similar among these mammals, except where altered by a 5-kilobase insertion sequence in the goat. The nature of major length differences in the large intervening sequence was also examined. In descendants of proto-beta, this region has tended to increase in length by the insertion of sequence elements about 250 base pairs long. In contrast, major length changes in the large intervening sequence of descendants of proto-delta have been mediated by expansion or contraction of a short repetitive sequence, presumably involving unequal crossovers. Possible explanations for this asymmetry in behavior are explored.
Middle ear structures in fossorial mammals: a comparison with non‐fossorial species

A large data set, comprising certain measurements of middle ear structures in mammals, was compiled both from measurements made by the author and from the literature. Parameters of the middle ear apparatus believed to be important to audition were compared between fossorial and non-fossorial species, in an attempt to identify general trends among fossorial groups. Although their tympanic membranes are not of unusual size, many fossorial mammals possess enlarged stapes footplate areas, resulting in low anatomical area ratios. Low anatomical lever ratios are also common, and the reduction or loss of middle ear muscles seems to be a consistent trend. These characteristics might be associated with poor sensitivity to airborne sound. Other features of the middle ear apparatus are more variable both between and within fossorial families. The middle ear ossicles of fossorial rodents, talpid moles and some golden moles were not found to differ in mass from those of non-fossorial mammals of similar body size. The similar ossicular morphologies of these animals suggest convergent adaptation towards a subterranean environment, but the middle ear structure alone does not seem to explain the restricted hearing range observed in certain of these species. Some genera of golden moles possess extraordinarily hypertrophied auditory ossicles, which, relative to body mass, are the largest of all mammals for which data are available. These ossicles seem to be adaptations towards a form of inertial bone conduction, used for the detection of substrate vibrations. In stark contrast, the marsupial mole Notoryctes has particularly small ossicles. The unusual middle ear structures of this animal may well be degenerate.
Novel functions of GRK6 in macrophages by phosphorylating the non-GPCRs substrates

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) were originally identified as molecules that phosphorylate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and play central roles in G protein-dependent physiological signalling. In addition, recent studies indicated that GRKs phosphorylate non-GPCR substrates and associate with a variety of proteins to regulate signal transduction. However, the involvement of GRKs in the physiological regulation of macrophages remains poorly understood. We identified GRK6 as a novel regulator of apoptotic cell clearance and inflammation in macrophages. GRK6 promotes the engulfment of apoptotic cells and is involved in a novel engulfment pathway that activates Rac1 independent of the two well-known engulfment pathways DOCK180/ELMO/Rac1 and GULP1/Rac1. We also revealed that GRK6 knockout mice spontaneously develop autoimmune-like diseases and exhibit impaired engulfment of senescent red blood cells and apoptotic cell clearance in the mouse spleen. In addition, we recently reported that GRK6 activates NF-κB signalling by the direct phosphorylation of IκBα, an inhibitor of NF-κB, in TNF-α-induced inflammation. Here we highlight the important roles of GRK6 in macrophages in tissue homeostasis and the immune response.