Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of oral and rectal microbiota of non‐human primate species in Ghana: A threat to human health

Abstract Background The potential for the transfer of zoonotic diseases, including bacteria between human and non‐human primates (NHPs), is expected to rise. It is posited that NHPs that live in close contact with humans serve as sentinels and reservoirs for antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Objectives The objective was to characterize the oral and rectal bacteria in Ghanaian NHPs and profile the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated bacteria. Methods Oral and rectal swabs were obtained from 40 immobilized wild and captive NHPs from 7 locations in Ghana. Standard bacteriological procedures were used in the isolation, preliminary identification, automated characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) of bacteria using the Vitek 2 Compact system. Results Gram‐negative bacteria dominated isolates from the rectal swabs (n = 76, 85.4%), whereas Gram‐positive bacteria were more common in the oral swabs (n = 41, 82%). Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n = 7, 14%) was the most occurring bacterial species isolated from the oral swabs, whereas Escherichia coli (n = 32, 36%) dominated bacteria isolates from rectal swabs. Enterobacter spp. had the highest (39%) average phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials that were used for AST, whereas a trend of high resistance was recorded against norfloxacin, Ampicillin and Tetracycline in Gram‐negative bacteria. Similarly, among Gram‐positive bacteria, Staphylococcus spp. had the highest (25%) average phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials used for AST, and a trend of high resistance was recorded against penicillin G and oxacillin. Conclusions This study has established that apparently healthy NHPs that live in anthropized environments in Ghana harbour zoonotic and antimicrobial resistant bacteria.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated From Pregnant Women with Asymptomatic Bacteriuria at Tertiary Hospital in Northeastern Nigeria

Asymptomatic urinary tract infection among pregnant women is a common clinical episode that is frequently undiagnosed. A total of 200 clea n-c tch mid-stream urine (150 pregnant women and 50 non-pregnant women) were examined by m icroscopy and culture methods. Overall, the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria w s 59.0% (118/200) and was significantly higher among pregnant (63.3%, 95/150) than non-pregnant (46.0%, 23/50) subjects ( χ = 4.66, df = 1, p = 0.03). Tertiary education (72.6%, OR = 1.45, p = 0.014), t hird trimester (77.6%, OR = 1.39, p = 0.042), multi-grav idity (79.0%, OR = 1.41, p = 0.0017) and multiparity (75.9%, OR = 1.49, p = 0.03) were facto rs associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria in studied pregnant subjects. Of the 11 8 bacterial isolates, Klebsiella spp accounted for 39.8% (47/118), followed by S. aureus 22.9% (27/118), E.coli 19.5% (23/118), Proteus spp 9.3% (11/118) and P. aeruginosa 8.5% (10/118) (p < 0.0001). Antibacterial susceptibility test revealed that all bacterial iso lates were susceptible to quinolones (ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and ofloxacin). In addit ion to this, S. aureus was also susceptible to erythromycin. However, all bacterial isolates we re resistant to readily available antibacterial drugs including augmentin , cotrimoxazole, penicillin and cephalexin. In conclusion, prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in this study is considered to be high and the bacterial isolates we re quinolones sensitive and resistant to other commonly used antibacterial drugs. Considerin g the clinical implications of untreated urinary tract infection, it is therefore advisable that routine urine culture may be adopted as part of antenatal care.
THYROID CANCER INCIDENCE AFTER CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT IN EASTERN ROMANIA ÇÀÁÎËÅÂÀÅÌÎÑÒÜ ÐÀÊÎÌ ÙÈÒÎÂÈÄÍÎÉ ÆÅËÅÇÛ ÏÎÑËÅ ×ÅÐÍÎÁÛËÜÑÊÎÉ ÀÂÀÐÈÈ Â ÂÎÑÒÎ×ÍÎÉ ÐÓÌÛÍÈÈ

Due to its geographical position Romania is among the most contaminated countries (except the former Soviet Union) with its eastern territory being the most exposed by the Chernobyl accident. The investigated zone is naturally goitrous area. The objective of our study is to investigate whether the nuclear accident determined an increased number of thyroid cancers among children and adolescents born before April 1986(who were under 18 years old at that time) the cohort of children being exposed in utero. The incidence rates of the exposed groups (1,822,945 persons aged 0-18 and 103,458 children being exposed in utero by the Chernobyl accident) were compared with the incidence rates of two unexposed groups consisted of residents born before and after the nuclear accident. For 1980-1998,49 cases were diagnosed. The mean annual incidence rates and the cumulative incidence rates were compared with those recorded before 1986. The mean annual incidence rate (cases/10 6 inhabitants) in the whole territory were higher after the Chernobyl accident (1986-1998) than those in 1980-1985 (1.4 vs. 0.8; p=0.2). A cumulative incidence rates were significantly statistically increasing within 1993 and 1998 than those being recorded before the nuclear accident (12.6 vs. 6.0; p=0.04). The incidence rate was significantly statistically higher in female (23.0 vs. 8.7; p=0.02) and in more increasing exposure group (18.0 vs. 4.9; p=0.03). In the cohort of children born after the nuclear accident (including the children exposed in utero) there were no cases recorded. The average values for thyroid dose under the most disadvantageous conditions were about 66 mSv for small children and 14 mSv for adolescents.
Earthquake Ground Motion and 3D Georgia Basin Amplification in Southwest British Columbia: Deep Juan de Fuca Plate Scenario Earthquakes

Abstract Finite‐difference modeling of 3D long‐period (>2 s) ground motions for large ( M w 6.8) scenario earthquakes is conducted to investigate effects of the Georgia basin structure on ground shaking in Greater Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Scenario earthquakes include deep (>40 km) subducting Juan de Fuca (JdF) plate earthquakes, simulated in locations congruent with known seismicity. Two sets of simulations are performed for a given scenario earthquake using models with and without Georgia basin sediments. The chosen peak motion metric is the geometric mean of the two orthogonal horizontal components of motion. The ratio between predicted peak ground velocity (PGV) for the two simulations is applied here as a quantitative measure of amplification due to 3D basin structure. A total of 10 deep subducting JdF plate earthquakes are simulated within 100 km of Greater Vancouver. Simulations are calibrated using records from the 2001 M w 6.8 Nisqually earthquake. On average, the predicted level of average PGV at stiff soil sites across Greater Vancouver for an M w 6.8 JdF plate earthquake is 3.2 cm/s (modified Mercalli intensity IV–V). The average increase in PGV due to basin structure across Greater Vancouver is 3.1. Focusing of north‐northeast‐propagating surface waves by shallow ( Online Material: Depth slices of 3D velocity model, peak ground velocity maps, and snapshots and videos of wave propagation.
Striking a Balance: An Optimal Mechanism Design for Heterogenous Differentially Private Data Acquisition for Logistic Regression

We investigate the problem of performing logistic regression on data collected from privacy-sensitive sellers. Since the data is private, sellers must be incentivized through payments to provide their data. Thus, the goal is to design a mechanism that optimizes a weighted combination of test loss, seller privacy, and payment, i.e., strikes a balance between multiple objectives of interest. We solve the problem by combining ideas from game theory, statistical learning theory, and differential privacy. The buyer's objective function can be highly non-convex. However, we show that, under certain conditions on the problem parameters, the problem can be convexified by using a change of variables. We also provide asymptotic results characterizing the buyer's test error and payments when the number of sellers becomes large. Finally, we demonstrate our ideas by applying them to a real healthcare data set.
Field Measurements of Rogue Water Waves

AbstractThis paper concerns the collation, quality control, and analysis of single-point field measurements from fixed sensors mounted on offshore platforms. In total, the quality-controlled database contains 122 million individual waves, of which 3649 are rogue waves. Geographically, the majority of the field measurements were recorded in the North Sea, with supplementary data from the Gulf of Mexico, the South China Sea, and the North West shelf of Australia. The significant wave height ranged from 0.12 to 15.4 m, the peak period ranged from 1 to 24.7 s, the maximum crest height was 18.5 m, and the maximum recorded wave height was 25.5 m. This paper will describe the offshore installations, instrumentation, and the strict quality control procedure employed to ensure a reliable dataset. An examination of sea state parameters, environmental conditions, and local characteristics is performed to gain an insight into the behavior of rogue waves. Evidence is provided to demonstrate that rogue waves are not go.
Long-Period Strong Ground Motion

The knowledge about strong ground motion in a long-period range, from a few to over ten seconds, has been required, because a number of large-scale structures, such as high-rise buildings, long-spanbridges, and large oil tanks, has been increasing. In this paper, recent studies on such long-period ground motion are reviewed in the following points: (1) interpretation of observed records, (2) generation and propagation characteristics, (3) regionality, and (4) numerical modeling. Successful simulations for wave propagation show that long-period strong ground motion is mainly composed of surface waves. This suggests that longperiod ground motion can be predicted when input motion and/or source parameters, and subsurface structural model are given appropriately.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Molecular Docking Against a Receptor Protein FimH of Escherichia coli (4XO8) of Thymidine Derivatives

Abstract. Thymidine is known as a progenitor of nucleosides that have significant biological activity. The widening importance of nucleoside derivatives as unrivaled potential antimicrobial and therapeutic agents has attracted contemplation to the synthesis of thymidine derivatives. In the present study, thymidine was treated with various acyl halides to produce 5ʹ-O-acyl thymidine derivatives by direct acylation method with an excellent yield. To obtain newer products for antimicrobial assessment studies, the 5ʹ-O-thymidine derivatives were further modified into three series of 3ʹ-O-acyl thymidine derivatives containing a wide variety of functionalities in a single molecular framework. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by analyzing their physicochemical, elemental, and spectroscopic data. Additionally, the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) of these acylated products was studied. For the computational investigation, we have selected eight synthesized thymidine derivatives, which have notable antibacterial activity, and performed molecular docking against bacterial lectin protein FimH of Escherichia coli (4XO8) to suggest a potent inhibitor against bacterial function. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina to calculate the binding affinities and interactions between the antibacterials and the FimH E. coli (4XO8). It was found that the selected thymidine derivatives have strongly interacted mainly with Tyr48, Tyr137, Asp140, Arg98, Gln133, Phe1, Asn23, Asn135, Lys76, Asp47, Ile13, and Ile52 residues. In silico pharmacokinetic properties were also predicted to search their absorption, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity. This computational examination showed that these thymidine derivatives might be used as potential inhibitors against the promising antibacterial activity for future studies. Resumen. Se prepararon varios derivados 5ʹ-O-acil timidínicos por acilación directa con rendimientos excelentes que fueron transformados en tres series de derivados 3ʹ-O-acil timidínicos con una amplia variedad de funcionalidades. Estos compuestos fueron la base de un estudio de docking dirigido a la lectina bacteriana FimH de Escherichia coli (4XO8) con la finalidad de proponer un inhibidor contra esta función bacteriana.
Fishing gears, fish marketing and livelihood status of the poor fishermen around the Basantapur beel at Lalpur Upazila

The present investigation was carried out to assess the fishing gears, fish marketing and livelihood status of the fishermen in Basantapur beel of Lalpur upazila under Natore district. Forty five fishermen were randomly selected covering the study area for a period of one year, from November 2006 to October 2007 data collection purposes. Data were collected from the fishermen through some selected PRA tools such as individual questionnaire interview, key informant interview, focus group discussion and physical observation during fishing, landing and marketing. Eight types of nets, 7 types of traps, 6 types of spears and harpoons and 5 types of hooks and lines were found to be used in the beel both traditionally and commercially. The total fish landing from the beel was recorded 85,870 kg during the study period and the pick landing season was found in the month of December. The annual landings of different types of fishes were carps 22,600 kg, catfishes 11,665 kg, small fishes 44,785 kg, prawn 2,865 kg, and others fishes 4,205 kg. Most of the fishermen are professional (55%). Among the fishermen 44.44% are illiterate and landless. Their family size is usually consists of 3-8 members and nuclear family is the predominant among the fishermen. Forty eight percent of the fishermen primary occupation was fishing, 24% was engaged in agriculture, 13% in business, 5% in daily labour and 10% in other occupation. In the study, it was found that 75% of the fishermen house holds were solely depends on village doctors for their treatment and health check up. Moreover, majority of the fishermen of the community used tube-well water for drinking and household purposes but their sanitary condition was very poor. The daily income of the fishermen was 100-150 Tk/day. They are the poorest of the poor in the society and they have no alternative livelihood option to earn their bread other than fishing.
Lead in the Inner Cities Policies to reduce children's exposure to lead may be overlooking a major source of lead in the environment

logical Sciences for Environmen tal Planning of the International Union of Geological Sciences. Address: Xavier University of Louisiana, College of Pharmacy, 7325 Palmetto Street, New Or leans, LA 70125. Internet: hmielke@mail.xula. edu. In the middle of the 1970s, U.S. health officials identified what some called a "silent epidem ic. " They were referring to childhood lead poi soning, a problem that is easily overlooked and underappreciated. Of all of the metal-poison ing episodes to date, none has come close in sheer numbers. Toxicology textbooks mention cadmium poisoning in Japan in the 1950s and methyl mercury poisoning in both Japan in the 1950s and Iraq in 1972. Some hundreds of deaths were attributed to each of these events.
Reservoir characteristics of Da'anzhai segment of Quxian area in northeast of Sichuan,China

By measuring the outcrops,correlating the strata,identifying the thin sections,and analyzing the physical properties and diagenesis,this paper studies and evaluates the reservoir characteristics of the Da'anzhai segment of Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation of Quxian area in the northeast of Sichuan.The results indicate that the reservoir rock type in the first Da'anzhai subsegment is mainly thick massive shelly limestone,the main reservoir space types of the reservoir are intragranular dissolved pores and cracks,the average porosity is 2.852%,and the average permeability is 0.007×10-3μm2. This reservoir can be classified to the typical low-porosity and-permeability fractured one.However,the reservoir rock type in the second Da'anzhai subsegment is mainly the shelly limestone folder multilayer mudstone,the main reservoir space types of the reservoir are intragranular dissolved pores,the average porosity is 3.844%,and the average permeability is 0.003×10-3 μm2. This reservoir can be classified to low-porosity and-permeability one.Therefore,the former one has larger oil and gas exploration potential than the latter one.In addition,the reservoir of the Da'anzhai segment formed in the environment of the shelly beach,which has undergone multi-type and multi-stage diagenetic changes.The destructive diagenesis,especially the compaction,has made most pores lose,but the constructive diagenesis including the dissolution and post-tectonic disruption has improved the reservoir performance,which is a key factor in the formation of tight reservoirs in study area.
A preliminary study on spider diversity from a house hold garden (artificial mixed plantation) in West Tripura, India

ABSTRACT: Insects are the largest taxonomic group in the animal kingdom and their significant role in ecology needs no description. Spiders are exclusively predatory, hence can play a very important role in regulation of insect population in any ecosystem. Comprehensive study of spider fauna of Tripura has not been carried out yet. In our present study, we are attempting to provide relevant information regarding spiders. This information may serve as the baseline documentation for future studies in Tripura. A survey was carried out during July 2011 to January 2012 in a house garden (artificial mixed plantation) in Khayerpur of west Tripura district. A total of 47 spider species belonging to 36 genera of 14 families were collected. Among all the families, Salticidae dominated the studied assemblage and represents approximately 38% of the total species collected. 1009-1017 | JRB | 2013 | Vol 3 | No 5 This article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution and reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Dissolved Nutrient Availability during Winter Diatom Bloom in a Turbid and Shallow Estuary (Bahía Blanca, Argentina)

Abstract The inner zone of Bahía Blanca Estuary is a shallow, well-mixed, highly turbid, and nutrient-rich temperate ecosystem. The phytoplankton annual cycle is characterized by a recurrent winter/early-spring diatom bloom. From May to August 2002 a research program aimed to describe the potential relations between the dynamics of phytoplankton and nutrients was carried out. Phytoplankton composition, abundance, chlorophyll a (Chl a), and dissolved inorganic nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate) were measured. The species involved were classified in blooming (including Thalassiosira spp. and Chaetoceros spp.) and nonblooming species (including other diatoms and dinoflagellates). The results show: (1) a prebloom period, which includes low biomass values and a strong decrease of NO3−; (2) an initial bloom period characterized by high diatom abundance and Chl a, a marked dominance of Thalassiosira curviseriata, and a strong decrease of NH4+; (3) an intermediate bloom period of high abundance, codominance of blooming species, and a strong decrease of PO43−; and (4) a final bloom period with a decrease in abundance of blooming species and a general nutrient recovery. Thalassiosira curviseriata seems to be a species associated with high nutrient stock and low light intensity. Its growth, mainly concurrent with DIN decrease, was related to new production in this area. The obtained data suggest that low phosphate concentrations, more than DIN and silicates, contributed to the diatom bloom collapse. According to our results, this high production during winter can be explained as a net growth of phytoplankton because of a successful low light- and temperature-acclimated species, possibly favored by low predation and high nutrient availability.
Lithospheric loading by the 1896 Riku‐u Earthquake, northern Japan: Implications for plate flexure and asthenospheric rheology

Under favorable circumstances the time-dependent aseismic deformation resulting from the loading of the lithosphere by the stress drop of large dip slip earthquakes can be used to determine both the effective elastic plate thickness and the asthenospheric viscosity. The deformation has several similarities with the deflection of the lithosphere by surface loads and with movements due to postglacial rebound. Level changes obtained in the 80 years since the M = 7.5, 1896 Riku-u earthquake, an intraplate thrust event in northern Honshu, provide convincing evidence that asthenospheric readjustments are responsible for the observed movements. Leveling surveys crossing the zone of surface faulting have been repeated five times since 1900 and delineate a localized depression that has subsided at a continually decreasing rate. The depression is centered close to the 1896 faulting, and its shape and width, about 75 km, are matched by our model using a plate thickness of 30 km. The decaying subsidence rate constrains the viscosity of the uppermost asthenosphere to be 1×1020 P. A linear viscous rheology matches the observed decay quite well, although measurements are sparse during the several decades following the earthquake.
A statistical model to estimate potential yields in Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.)

Winter and spring frost damage to fruit and nut trees is common so growers are interested in insuring their crop against losses. The purpose of this work was to develop a model that could be used for this purpose in walnut (Juglans regia L.) orchards. During 2010, 40 seedling walnut trees from Koleeim and 39 from Jezla, the two main walnut growing locations of Tarom, in Zanjan province in Iran, ranging in age between 10 and 50 years old, were selected at random. Trunk circumference (TC), trunk cross sectional area (TCA), canopy radius (CR), lateral bud fruiting (LBF), tree growth habit, average annual shoot growth (SHGPY), the ratio of external/internal fruit bearing shoots in the canopy, dichogamy, fruit set in the spring, fruit weight, kernel percentage, and number of fruits per tree, were recorded. Yield per tree was calculated using nut weight and number of nuts per tree. The effect of these traits as independent variables on nut yield as a dependent variable was studied using multiple linear regression models. The data from two sites were used separately and as a pooled set for analysis. Results were validated using a second set of data. The best-fit model employed trunk circumference and lateral bearing percentage as independent variables: Y= (0.12465 * TC) + (1.32889 * LTB),Y= (0.15071 * TC) + (0.55075 * LTB) and Y= (0.14049 * TC) + (0.93873 * LTB). Coefficients of determination were 0.8417, 0.8773, and 0.8526 for the two sites and the pooled data respectively.