Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anisotropy in the upper critical field of FeSe and FeSe0.33Te0.67 single crystals

The electric resistivity of single crystalline Fe-based superconductors FeSe and FeSe 0.33 ? > Te 0.67 ? > was measured in pulsed magnetic fields up to 55 T. Te-doped iron selenide, FeSe 0.33 ? > Te 0.67 ? > , shows rather isotropic behavior in both magnetoresistance (MR) and upper critical fields ( H c 2 ⊥ ? > (0)/ H c 2 ∥ ? > (0) = 48 T/ 42 T ∼ 1.14), when an external magnetic field is applied parallel and perpendicular to the crystallographic c-axis. These isotropic behaviors are frequently observed in an iron-based superconductor, and the isotropy in Hc2 can likely be described by the Pauli effect. In contrast, our measurements elucidate that the undoped iron selenide, FeSe, exhibits a clear anisotropy in both MR and Hc2 ( H c 2 ⊥ ? > (0)/ H c 2 ∥ ? > (0) = 27 T/ 15 T ∼ 1.8). This behavior occurs because the clean in-plane conduction (RRR = 35) allows to form a closed electron orbit within the two-dimensional Fermi sheets only for the magnetic field parallel to the c-axis, which results in an appearance of an intrinsic (orbital-effect limited) upper critical field for the undoped FeSe. Doping of Te breaks the clean in-plane conduction and leads to a crossover from an orbital limit dominating behavior to a Pauli limit dominating one.
Issues and current standards of controls in microbiome research

ABSTRACT Good scientific practice is important in all areas of science. In recent years this has gained more and more attention, especially considering the ‘scientific reproducibility crisis’. While most researchers are aware of the issues with good scientific practice, not all of these issues are necessarily clear, and the details can be very complicated. For many years it has been accepted to perform and publish sequencing based microbiome studies without including proper controls. Although in recent years more scientists realize the necessity of implementing controls, this poses a problem due to the complexity of the field. Another concern is the inability to properly interpret the information gained from controls in microbiome studies. Here, we will discuss these issues and provide a comprehensive overview of problematic points regarding controls in microbiome research, and of the current standards in this area.
Field dependence of coupling efficiency between electromagnetic field and ultrasonic bulk waves

The coupling mechanism of the electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) for bulk waves has been studied by examining the magnetic-field dependence of the wave amplitudes. A spiral elongated coil placed on a thin plate of low carbon steel excites and receives the longitudinal and the shear waves propagating in the thickness direction in the presence of the bias magnetic field. The field dependences of the bulk-wave amplitudes are measured using the electromagnetic acoustic resonance both for the normal and tangential bias fields, which showed different features, depending on the bias-field direction and the wave mode. A two-dimensional model is presented for the explanation of the observed results. The present analysis emphasizes the inclined total field in the derivation of the magnetostriction constants, which is revealed to play an essential role for the wave generation. Both the measurement and the model analysis conclude that the magnetostrictive effect dominates the EMAT phenomena for the bulk waves.
The dynamics of the spreading of liquids on a solid surface. Part 2. Surfactants

A theoretical study is made of the effect of the presence of a surfactant on the dynamics involved in the movement of the contact line when one liquid displaces an immiscible second liquid where both are in contact with a smooth solid surface. The general procedure of solution is described for a general model for slip between solid and liquid near the contact line and also for a general macroscopic geometry. For small capillary number and for small values of the length over which slip occurs, it is shown, using singular perturbation analysis, that either 2 or 3 regions of expansion are necessary depending on the type of limiting process being considered. Solutions are obtained for both situations but for the more important three-region expansion case (where there can be large dynamic effects), a detailed discussion is given of the manner in which the observable macroscopic contact angle is shown to depend on the contact line velocity and on surfactant concentration. The conditions of validity for the theory are also discussed.
WE‐G‐BRA‐07: Biological Modeling and Global Normal Lung Tissue Radiological Response in Patients Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Lung Tumors

Purpose: To model the probability of normal lungtissue density change and obtain dose‐response curves restricted to observed change areas for patients with lungtumors who received stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT). Methods: 129 follow‐up CT scans for 36 patients who received SBRT between 2003 and 2009 with a maximum of 5 fractions and a median total dose of 54 Gy (range, 30–60) were analyzed. RT‐induced lung density changes were evaluated after fusion of planning CT scans with post‐RT follow‐up scans corresponding to interval periods of approximately 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after treatment. Each follow‐up scan was manually reviewed and areas of visible density change were contoured. Scans were divided into regions receiving specific 10Gy dose‐bins. Voxel density changes belonging to contoured areas were averaged over each dose‐bin to obtain dose‐response curves (DRC). The occurrence of visible density change depending on the maximum dose to the tumor was also chosen as an end point to model the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). Results: With an analysis restricted to area of visible change, the density change magnitude appeared to not depend much on the dose bin. The average density increase was smaller at 3 month (214HU), peaked at 6 months (322HU) and slightly decays thereafter without totally vanishing (300HU). This observed trend was similar using rigid or deformable registration. The maximum target dose for a 50% complication probability for changes >200HU was 80Gy according to the NTCP model. Conclusion: Although local correlations between dose and density increase have been reported for conventional and SBRTlungtreatments, our analysis revealed a relatively uniform and stronger density response, while temporal density changes followed a previously reported density change trend (Palma 2010, IJROBP). These discrepancies were likely due to the restriction of the analysis to areas with actual density increase.
Stabilization of complex cascade systems using boundedness information in finite time

In this paper, the stabilization problem of several classes of complex cascade systems is investigated from a new point of view. If the closed‐loop system is proven to have no finite escape time, the boundedness information in finite time, which is obtained from robust stable subsystems or recursive analysis procedures, is then sufficiently employed to deal with crucial nonlinear terms. The proposed method does not rely on complicated Lyapunov functions, and in some cases it can avoid strong growth conditions and complicated small gain analysis. In addition, simple saturated control laws are explicitly constructed in an almost unified way. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p Value Adjustments for Multiple Tests in Multivariate Binomial Models

Abstract Data from rodent carcinogenicity (preclinical) and clinical studies involving new drugs may be modeled as having come from multivariate binomial distributions. In two-year rodent carcinogenicity studies, there are typically 20–50 tissues examined for occurrence of any of several possible lesions. For a particular treatment group, the number of occurrences of a particular lesion at a particular tissue may be modeled as binomial, and the vector of such frequencies may be considered multivariate binomial with unspecified dependence structure. The same model may also apply to clinical side-effects data; in this case the marginal frequencies may represent occurrences of events ranging from headaches to ingrown toenails. Frequently, the goal of such studies is to isolate site-specific significant differences between treatment and control groups. For example, in rodent carcinogenicity analyses it is generally not sufficient to claim that a new compound causes an increase in tumors at some unspecified si.
Nanoindentation study of nanofibers

Nanoindentation study of a single poly(L-lactic acid) nanofiber produced by the phase separation method was performed using an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever tip. Issues concerning the use of AFM for nanoindentation of polymer nanofibers were discussed. The Hertz theory of contact mechanics was used to analyze the indentation results. It was found that the elastic modulus was comparable to that obtained from the nanoscale three-point bend test done in our previous study, after roughness correction was made.
On the CH+ ion in diffuse interstellar clouds

Un balayage de 65 lignes de visee dans la Voie Lactee Sud dans la raie interstellaire de CH + a 4232 A a permis 30 detections. La densite de colonne de CH + N(CH + ) est bien correlee avec H 2 excite par rotation detecte par des balayages effectues avec Copernicus. Cette correlation pourrait indiquer que CH + se forme dans du gaz chaud ou la reaction C + +H 2 →CH + +H est effective. Des chocs apportent probablement le chauffage necessaire
An Objective-Driven On-Demand Network Abstraction for Adaptive Applications

Revealing an abstract view of the network is essential for the new paradigm of developing network-aware adaptive applications that can fully leverage the available computation and storage resources and achieve better business values. In this paper, we introduce ONV, a novel abstraction of flow-based on-demand network view. The ONV models network views as linear constraints on network-related variables in application-layer objective functions, and provides “equivalent” network views that allow applications to achieve the same optimal objectives as if they have the global information. We prove the lower bound for the number of links contained in an equivalent network view, and propose two algorithms to effectively calculate on-demand equivalent network views. We evaluate the efficacy and the efficiency of our algorithms extensively with real-world topologies. Evaluations demonstrate that the ONV can simplify the network up to 80% while maintaining an equivalent view of the network. Even for a large network with more than 25 000 links and a request containing 3000 flows, the result can be effectively computed in less than 1 min on a commodity server.
ANALYSIS OF RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN A PARTITIONED IDEALIZED FURNACE

In this article, the finite-volume method is applied, in conjunction with the blocked-off-region procedure, to solve the radiative heat transfer problem in a three-dimensional partitioned rectangular enclosure containing absorbing-emitting and isotropic scattering medium in the presence of heat generation. Three-dimensional test cases were chosen to benchmark this model against other methods, namely, the discrete transfer method, the discrete ordinates method, and the zone method. For all cases, excellent agreement is obtained using reasonable spatial and angular discretizations. Then the radiative heat transfer problem is solved for an idealized furnace with a finite-thickness opaque partition. The shadowing partition effect is discussed for different optical medium properties and partition surface emissivities.
The IMERSPEC methodology: presentation and preliminary applications

A new numerical methodology, named IMERSPEC, to solve the Navier-Stokes equations is presented in the present work and applied to solve two kinds of complex flows. It is based on Fourier pseudo-spectral (FPSM) and on immersed boundary methods (IBM). It was developed, initially, for incompressible flows. Wall boundary conditions are modeled using an IBM method. This methodology combines some advantages of high accuracy and low computational cost provided by the FPSM. Another very important characteristic is that, even for incompressible flow, there is no more pressure and velocity coupling. The performance of this new methodology is exemplified in three-dimensional numerical simulations of flows a over backward-facing step geometry and a spatial developing jet. The results are compared with experimental and with numerical results, giving very good agreement.
New operators for multi‐objective clonal selection algorithms

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a new multi‐objective clonal selection algorithm (MCSA) for the solution of electromagnetic optimization problems.Design/methodology/approach – The method performs the somatic hypermutation step using different probability distributions, balancing the local search in the algorithm. Furthermore, it includes a receptor editing operator that implicitly realizes a dynamic search over the landscape.Findings – In order to illustrate the efficiency of MCSA, its performance is compared with the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II) in some analytical problems and in the well‐known TEAM benchmark Problem 22. Three performance evaluation techniques are used in the comparison, and the effect of each operator of the MCSA in its accomplishment is estimated.Research limitations/implications – In the analytical problems, the MCSA enhanced both the extension and uniformity in its solutions, providing better Pareto‐optimal sets than the NSGA‐II. In the Proble.
Removal of boundary singularities of pseudo-holomorphic curves with Lagrangian boundary conditions

We give a proof of the theorem of removing isolated singularities of pseudo-holomorphic curves with Lagrangian boundary conditions and bounded symplectic area. The proof is a combination of some Lp-type estimates, standard techniques of geometric P.D. E. , and some ideas from symplectic geometry and calibration theory.
On additive decompositions of the set of quadratic residues modulo p

(1.1) A+ B = C, |A|, |B| ≥ 2. If there are no sets A, B with these properties, then C is said to be primitive. Definition 1.2. Two sets A, B of non-negative integers are said to be asymptotically equal if they are equal apart from a finite number of exceptions, i.e., there is a number K such that A ∩ [K,+∞) = B ∩ [K,+∞); we then write A ∼ B. Definition 1.3. An infinite set C of non-negative integers is said to be totalprimitive if every C′ with C′ ∼ C is primitive.
Low-Reynolds-number ow around an oscillating circular cylinder using a cell viscous boundary element method

Flow elds from transversely oscillating circular cylinders in water at rest are studied by numerical solutions of the two-dimensional unsteady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations adopting a primitivevariable formulation. These ndings are successfully compared with experimental observations. The cell viscous boundary element scheme developed is rst validated to examine convergence of solution and the in uence of discretization within the numerical scheme of study before the comparisons are undertaken. A hybrid approach utilising boundary element and nite element methods is adopted in the cell viscous boundary element method. That is, cell equations are generated using the principles of a boundary element method with global equations derived following the procedures of nite element methods. The in uence of key parameters, i.e. Reynolds number Re, Keulegan–Carpenter number KC and Stokes’ number , on overall ow characteristics and vortex shedding mechanisms are investigated through comparisons with experimental ndings and theoretical predictions. The latter extends the study into assessment of the values of the drag coe cient, added mass or inertia coe cient with key parameters and the variation of lift and in-line force results with time derived from the Morison’s equation. The cell viscous boundary element method as described herein is shown to produce solutions which agree very favourably with experimental observations, measurements and other theoretical ndings. Copyright ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resonant Raman scattering and photoluminescence from high-quality nanocrystalline ZnO thin films prepared by thermal oxidation of ZnS thin films

In this paper, we report photoluminescence (PL) from high-quality nanocrystalline ZnO thin films. The high-quality nanocrystalline ZnO thin films are prepared by thermal oxidation of ZnS films deposited by low-pressure metal organic chemical vapour deposition technique. X-ray diffraction indicates nanocrystalline ZnO thin films with a polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure. The Raman spectrum shows a typical resonant multi-phonon process within the ZnO film. A strong ultraviolet emission peak at 380 nm is observed and the deep-level emission band is barely observable at room temperature. The strength (ΓLO) of the exciton-longitudinal-optical (LO)-phonon coupling is deduced from the temperature dependence of the full width at half maximum of the fundamental excitonic peak. ΓLO is largely reduced due to the quantum confinement effect. The origin of the luminescence is discussed with the help of PL spectra.
PERMUTATION REPRESENTATIONS OF BRAID GROUPS OF SURFACES

In this paper all primitive representations of braid groups on strings of surfaces of finite type in groups of permutations of symbols are found. As an application it is proved that the groups of pure braids of surfaces are characteristic subgroups of the braid groups. These results generalize Artin's classical results on Artin's braid groups.
On Postshock Oscillations Due to Shock Capturing Schemes in Unsteady Flows

In this paper, the issue of postshock oscillations generated by shock-capturing schemes is investigated. Although these oscillations are frequently small enough to be ignored, there are contexts such as shock? noise interaction where they might prove very intrusive. Numerical experiments on simple nonlinear 2 × 2 systems of conservation laws are found to refute some earlier conjectures on their behavior. The trajectories in phase space of a computed state passing through a captured shock suggest the underlying mechanism that creates these oscillations. The results reveal a flaw in the way that the concept of monotonicity is extended from scalar conservation laws to systems; schemes satisfying this formal condition fail to prevent oscillations from being generated, even for monotone initial data. This indicates that satisfactory design criteria do not exist at the present time that would ensure captured shocks that are both narrow and free from oscillations.
Lundberg parameters for non standard risk processes

We consider risk processes with delayed claims in a Markovian environment, and we study the asymptotic behaviour of finite and infinite horizon ruin probabilities under the small claim assumption. We also consider multivariate risk processes of the same kind, and we give upper and lower bounds for the Lundberg parameters of the corresponding total reserve. Our results have strong analogies with those one in the paper by Juri (Super modular order and Lundberg exponents, 2002).
High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Balmer-dominated Shocks in the Large Magellanic Cloud

We present high-resolution spectra of the four Balmar-dominated supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). These data allow us to measure the width of the narrow component of H alpha emission in the nonradiative filaments present in these SNRs. We find that the widths range from 30 to 50 km/s FWHM, similar to the only previously measured width of a nonradiative shock filament, that of about 30 km/s in the NE Cygnus Loop. The line widths do not appear to scale with shock velocity. These observations severely limit the possible broadening mechanisms. We discuss several possibilities, the most promising of which is a precursor associtated with cosmic rays. Assuming a cosmic-ray precursor, we are able to place constraints on the cosmic-ray diffusion coefficient. Observations such as these may provide the best method currently available to probe cosmic-ray acceleration in SNR shock waves.
Rational points on complete intersections of higher degree, and mean values of Weyl sums

We establish upper bounds for the number of rational points of bounded height on complete intersections. When the degree of the intersection is sufficiently large in terms of its dimension, and the contribution arising from appropriate linear spaces is removed, these bounds are smaller than those arising from the expectation of ‘square‐root cancellation’. In particular, there is a paucity of non‐diagonal solutions to the equation x1d+⋯+xsd=xs+1d+⋯+x2sd , provided that d ⩾ (2s)4s. There are consequences for the approximate distribution function of Weyl sums of higher degree, and also for quasi‐diagonal behaviour in mean values of smooth Weyl sums.
Using SEM to Analyze Complex Survey Data: A Comparison between Design-Based Single-Level and Model-Based Multilevel Approaches

Both ad-hoc robust sandwich standard error estimators (design-based approach) and multilevel analysis (model-based approach) are commonly used for analyzing complex survey data with nonindependent observations. Although these 2 approaches perform equally well on analyzing complex survey data with equal between- and within-level model structures (B. O. Muthén & Satorra, 1995), the performances of these 2 approaches for analyzing multilevel data with unequal between- and within-level structures have not yet been systematically examined. In this study, we extended B. O. Muthén and Satorra's (1995) study by comparing these 2 approaches and an additional model-based maximum model for analyzing multilevel data considering number of clusters, cluster size, intraclass correlation, and the equality of different level structures. The simulation results showed the model-based maximum model generally performed well across conditions. This model is also recommended as an alternative for analyzing nonindependent survey data, especially when the information of the higher level model structure is not known.
TRANSIENT THERMAL STRESS PROBLEM FOR A CIRCUMFERENTIALLY CRACKED HOLLOW CYLINDER

Abstract In this paper the transient thermal stress problem for a hollow elastic cylinder containing an internal circumferential edge crack is considered. It is assumed that the problem is axisymmetric with regard to the crack geometry and the loading, and that the inertia effects are negligible. The problem is solved for a cylinder that is suddenly cooled from inside. First the transient temperature and stress distributions in an uncracked cylinder are calculated. By using the equal and opposite of this thermal stress as the crack surface traction in the isothermal cylinder the crack problem is then solved and the stress intensity factor is calculated. The numerical results are obtained as a function of the Fourier number tD//b2 representing the time for various inner-to-outer radius ratios and relative crack depths, where D and b are respectively the coefficient of diffusivity and the outer radius of the cylinder.
On the initial boundary value problem for a shallow water equation

In this paper, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of the local strong solutions to the initial boundary problem for a one-dimensional shallow-water equation (Camassa–Holm equation) on the half-space {x>0} with initial data uo∈H2(R+)∩H01(R+). The solution is obtained as a limit of the solutions for a class of approximation problems. We also establish the global result of the corresponding solution, provided that the initial data u0 satisfies certain positivity condition.