Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Substituent Pattern Effects on the Redox Potentials of Quinone‐Based Active Materials for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Abstract Quinone‐based, aqueous redox flow batteries are a promising technology for large‐scale, low‐cost energy storage. To understand the influence of substituent and substituent pattern effects of quinone‐based derivatives on the redox potential, a screening study was performed that included benzoquinone, naphtaquinone, and anthraquinone derivatives. The order of substituent influence is −OH>−Me/−OMe for decreasing the redox potential and −F<−SO3 −<−CN, −NO2 for increasing the redox potential, which is in agreement with general expectations. We found that the consideration of resonance and inductive effects design strategies of redox‐active materials can be extended by the ability of intramolecular hydrogen bond formation, steric hindrance, and energetic differences of conformers for oxidized and reduced species. Due to the complexity and overlap of these effects, theoretical screening studies can provide guidance for the design of new molecular materials. In addition to the redox potential, other parameters such as stability, solubility, and kinetic rate constant or synthetic accessibility are crucial to consider.
¿Varones construyendo espacios de Igualdad? Desafíos en contexto de confinamiento (COVID-19)

El aislamiento social preventivo en Argentina y Uruguay abre el análisis acerca de las masculinidades en el contexto de confinamiento por el COVID-19. ¿Cuál es la vivencia de los varones durante este encierro y aislamiento en el espacio doméstico, tradicionalmente femenino? Se trata de determinar los problemas regionales en las relaciones de género a partir de cuyo análisis se lograría la construcción de nuevos vínculos sociales igualitarios. La polarización social de América Latina hoy aún se centra en una lógica heteronormativa de las relaciones de género, que vindica el poder masculino hegemónico en el ámbito público y relega a las mujeres al ámbito familiar. El confinamiento actual impacta con diversos matices en las relaciones familiares, y así salen a relucir los diferentes conflictos acallados, y el mayor de todos: la violencia masculina. El desafío es que los varones puedan generar cambios positivos para acabar con el orden androcéntrico imperante.
Study of bone turnover markers, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide and osteocalcin in healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus postmenopausal women

Background: Individuals with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of metabolic bone disease due to decrease in bone strength and quality. Several bone turnover markers like serum procollagen type I N propeptide (P1NP) and serum osteocalcin are powerful tools for studying osteoporosis and fracture risk across population to provide diagnostic and prognostic information of bone health. The aim of this study was to recognize possible correlation of levels of serum P1NP and osteocalcin in type-2 diabetic (T2DM) postmenopausal women as compared to healthy postmenopausal women.Methods: The study included 100 proven cases of type-2 diabetic postmenopausal women with age matched healthy postmenopausal women as controls. P1NP, osteocalcin, and other relevant parameters were measured. Differences between diabetics and controls were analyzed.Results: The body mass index was higher in diabetic group as compared to controls. The HbA1c% was (6.94±1.43) in diabetic group and (5.57±1.21) in non-diabetics. Low serum level of 25 (OH) D was observed both in diabetic and non-diabetic groups but significantly lower in T2DM. Procollagen type 1 N propeptide was lower in diabetic group (37.59±17.20 ng/mL) as compared to non-diabetic (52.14±24.82 ng/mL). Osteocalcin was lower (15.64±8.06 ng/ml) as compared to non-diabetic group (21.85±9.12 ng/ml). Lower osteocalcin and P1NP levels found in this study suggests slower bone metabolism with reduced bone formation in postmenopausal diabetics.Conclusions: Serum procollagen type 1 N propeptide and osteocalcin in postmenopausal diabetic women were lower as compared to non-diabetic group.
Immigration, education, sense of community and mental well-being: the case of visible minority immigrants in Canada

ABSTRACT Immigrants often cite improvements in quality of life as the motivation for immigration, yet it can lead to the loss of social networks, family and community ties. This article employed key informant interviews to explore visible minorities’ sense of community from the perspectives of immigrant resettlement service providers. Nine key informants were interviewed to document visible minority immigrants’ experiences in Canada, and how this affected their sense of community. Participants identified barriers to immigrants’ development of a new sense of community, including discrimination tied to improper placement within the Canadian educational system, unemployment/underemployment, poor housing conditions, language barriers, and lack of social support networks. Confronting these barriers will require creating a stronger sense of community by providing more and better support of immigrants, visible minorities and everyone across Canada. This would help eliminate discrimination against ethnic minorities and enhance a sense of community belonging amongst visible minorities in Canada.
Lower verbalizability of visual stimuli modulates differences in estimates of working memory capacity between children with and without developmental language disorders

Background and aims Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) often perform below their typically developing peers on verbal memory tasks. However, the picture is less clear on visual memory tasks. Research has generally shown that visual memory can be facilitated by verbal representations, but few studies have been conducted using visual materials that are not easy to verbalize. Therefore, we attempted to construct non-verbalizable stimuli to investigate the impact of working memory capacity. Method and results We manipulated verbalizability in visual span tasks and tested whether minimizing verbalizability could help reduce visual recall performance differences across children with and without developmental language disorder. Visuals that could be easily verbalized or not were selected based on a pretest with non-developmental language disorder young adults. We tested groups of children with developmental language disorder (N = 23) and their typically developing peers (N = 65) using these high and low verbalizable classes of visual stimuli. The memory span of the children with developmental language disorder varied across the different stimulus conditions, but critically, although their storage capacity for visual information was virtually unimpaired, the children with developmental language disorder still had difficulty in recalling verbalizable images with simple drawings. Also, recalling complex (galaxy) images with low verbalizability proved difficult in both groups of children. An item-based analysis on correctly recalled items showed that higher levels of verbalizability enhanced visual recall in the typically developing children to a greater extent than the children with developmental language disorder. Conclusions and clinical implication: We suggest that visual short-term memory in typically developing children might be mediated with verbal encoding to a larger extent than in children with developmental language disorder, thus leading to poorer performance on visual capacity tasks. Our findings cast doubts on the idea that short-term storage impairments are limited to the verbal domain, but they also challenge the idea that visual tasks are essentially visual. Therefore, our findings suggest to clinicians working with children experiencing developmental language difficulties that visual memory deficits may not necessarily be due to reduced non-verbal skills but may be due to the high amount of verbal cues in visual stimuli, from which they do not benefit in comparison to their peers.
Cognitive reserve index and functional and cognitive outcomes in severe acquired brain injury: A pilot study

Abstract Background Many variables affect outcome after brain injury. Cognitive reserve (CR) is a subjective factor that reflects a set of personal characteristics and that differentiates individuals. It may influence an individual’s capacity to react to brain injury. Objective To study the effects of cognitive reserve on functional and cognitive outcome at the end of rehabilitation, in patients with severe acquired brain injury (sABI), by means of the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq). Methods We report a retrospective study of a continuous series of sABI patients on first admission to a rehabilitation center. Disability and cognitive outcomes were recorded. Results In the 94 patients enrolled, the assessments after rehabilitation showed a significant gain measured with the disability Rating Scale for patients with a higher CR (CRIq≥ 85). A significant negative correlation was found: between CRIq scores and the interval elapsing before first access to neuropsychological assessment, between CRIq scores, especially level of education, and tests that measure the same domain (attention). Conclusions Improvements in overall and cognitive disability emerged, but CR did not seem to substantially influence outcome in this sample of patients. This result may be partly due to the clinical severity of the population studied and the sample’s dimension, although quantitatively representative of the population.
Genetic potential for disease resistance in critically endangered amphibians decimated by chytridiomycosis

Hundreds of amphibian species have declined worldwide after the emergence of the amphibian fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Despite captive breeding efforts, it is unlikely that wild populations for many species will be reestablished unless Bd resistance increases. We performed a Bd‐challenge study in the functionally extinct southern corroboree frog Pseudophryne corroboree to investigate differences in Bd susceptibility among individuals and populations, identify genetic [major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I] and genome‐wide variants associated with Bd resistance, and measure genetic diversity and population genetic structure. We found three MHC variants and one MHC supertype associated with Bd infection load and survival along with a suggestively associated single nucleotide polymorphism. We also showed that genome‐wide heterozygosity is associated with increased survival. Additionally, we found evidence of significant population structure among the four P. corroboree populations studied and high MHC genetic diversity. Our results indicate that there are immunogenetic differences among captive southern corroboree frogs; such differences could be manipulated to increase disease resistance and mitigate the significant threat of chytridiomycosis. These results demonstrate a potential long‐term solution to chytridiomycosis that could include breeding more resistant individuals and returning them to the wild.
In vivo study of follicular statistics in Red Chittagong Cattle of Bangladesh

The objective of this research was to generate baseline information on follicular statistics of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC). Ten heifers and ten regular breeder RCC cows were selected randomly from BLRI Research Herd. The ovary was grasped by inserting left hand through the rectum and the follicles were visualized by inserting a sectorial probe through the vagina. Ovarian follicles were visualized and recorded by counting on the screen of ultrasonography machine. All visible follicles (>2.0mm) were counted and graded as small (<3.0mm), medium (3.0 to 8.0mm) and large (>8.0mm). The follicles were measured 3 times at a 3-day interval period without considering the stage of the reproductive cycle of the experimental animals. During this experiment, a total of 137 follicles (66 in Heifers and 71in cows) were observed from 10 heifers and 10 cows. The corpus luteum was observed either in the left or right ovary of 25.0% heifers and 35.0% cows. In heifer, 40.91, 45.45 and 13.64% of the observed follicles were belonged to small, medium and large groups, respectively. The percentage of small, medium and large follicles in the cow ovaries were 54.93, 39.44 and 5.63% accordingly. The number of follicles in an ovary did not vary (P>0.05) between right and left ovary of a heifer or cow. The diameter of the largest follicle on the ovary was smaller (P<0.05) in heifer (9.43±0.34mm) compared to cow (11.2 ± 0.73mm). This information will be helpful during aspiration of ovarian follicle from donor cows. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (1): 47-50
On developing an exponentially weighted moving average chart under progressive setup: An efficient approach to manufacturing processes

The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart is a memory chart that is widely used in process monitoring to spot small and persistent disturbances in the process parameter(s). This chart requires normality of the quality characteristic(s) of interest and a smaller choice of smoothing parameter. Any deviations from these conditions affect its performance in terms of efficiency and robustness. For the said two concerns, this study develops a new mixed EWMA chart under progressive setup (mixed EWMA–progressive mean [MEP] chart). The proposed MEP chart combines the advantages of robustness (under nonnormal scenarios) and high sensitivity to small and persistent shifts in the process mean. The performance of the proposed MEP control chart is evaluated in terms of average run length and some other characteristics of run length distribution. The assessment of the proposed chart is made under standard normal, student's t, gamma, Laplace, logistic, exponential, contaminated normal and lognormal distributions. The performance of the proposed MEP chart is also compared with some existing competitors including the classical EWMA, the classical cumulative sum (CUSUM), the homogenously weighted moving average, the mixed EWMA–CUSUM, the mixed CUSUM–EWMA and the double EWMA charts. The analysis reveals that the proposal of this study offers a superior design structure relative to its competing counterparts. An application from substrates manufacturing process (in which flow width of the resist is the key quality characteristic) is also provided in the study.
Fecundity, egg volume and reproductive output of Macrobrachium tenellum (Crustacea: Palaemonidae) from the northern coast of Jalisco, Mexico

Our knowledge of the reproductive biology of palaemonid shrimps is an important tool to assess potential candidates for aquaculture as well as being useful to develop adequate strategies for the conservation of the biodiversity. Here we analyzed the fecundity, volume and water content of the eggs, and the reproductive output (RO) of Macrobrachium tenellum in the Ameca River, Jalisco-Nayarit, Mexico. The total length of the females ranged from 26.6 to 67.0 mm (average 44.2 ± 8.8 mm) and fecundity (considering all stages) fluctuated between 253 and 10,384 eggs (average 2,418 ± 2,089 eggs). Females lost on average 26% of the initially produced eggs. The average egg length increased from 0.55 (recently produced eggs) to 0.66 mm (eggs close to hatching). The water content of eggs increased significantly during embryogenesis by 11.4%. The RO was not related to female length and fluctuated between 4.1 and 16.0%, which are values within the range reported for other decapods. The results of the current research contribute to laying the foundations for future studies that help to define strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of this crustacean.
SELECTING SEEDING TECHNIQUES AND PLANT MEDIA TO PRODUCE GENERATION ZERO (G0) TUBERS OF PORANG (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)

Provision of seedlings A. muelleri in bulk can be done using seeds. The problem is seeds A.muelleri will be die if planted directly in the field. That caused seeds losing competition with weeds. So needs a treatment to grow the seeds until zero generation (G0) tubers is formed. The technique used to maximize the formation of G0 tubers A. muelleri is selection of seed types and planting media. There are 3 types of seeds used, namely R (red fruit seeds), Y (yellow fruit seeds) and G (green fruit seeds) where each type has a different level of maturity. Meanwhile there are 4 types of planting media used, namely M1 (soil: husk charcoal), M2 (soil: cocopeat), M3 (soil: cocopeat: husk charcoal) and M4 (soil). Every R, Y and G seeds were planted on M1, M2, M3 and M4 media. The parameters observed were weight, thickness and diameter of the G0 tubers. The data obtained were analyzed with 5% ANOVA and if there were differences followed by the 5% Tukey test. The results showed that the best G0 tubers were produced from planting R type seeds on M3 (RM3) media weighing 3.63 grams but were not significantly different from the treatment of planting R type seeds on media M1 (RM1) which was weighing 3.06 grams.
Some Aspects of the Reproductive Biology of Poor Cod ( Trisopterus minutus capelanus Lacépède, 1800) in Edremit Bay (the North-Eastern Aegean Sea)

Aspects of the reproductive biology of poor cod were studied from samples collected by bottom trawl in Edremit Bay during September 1999 and December 2000. A total of 3904 poor cod specimens were investigated consisting of 1946 females, 1576 males and 382 individuals with unidentified sex. The sex ratio (males to females) of poor cod varied from 0.34 to 1.27 and significant differences were found in the unity (1:1) among months. The reproductive period started in December and continued throughout spring. The main spawning was in February and March. The length at maturity of female observed to be 11.4 cm while the smallest mature female was 10.8 cm. Batch fecundity was found to be highly variable between individuals and ranged from 765 to 7958 eggs (mean: 2295 eggs, SD: 968 eggs). Batch fecundity increased with fish length and weight. Relative fecundity varied between 41 and 116 eggs/g (mean: 76 eggs/g, SD: 12 eggs/g) for the fish weight ranged from 14.2 to 83.6 g.
Cooling Performance Analysis of the Lab-Scale Hybrid Oyster Refrigeration System

Compared with the waste-to-heat and electricity-based hybrid refrigeration system, the innovative lab-scale refrigeration system integrated with the DC and AC cooling units that able to use solar and electricity as energy resources. Previous studies found that temperature control and uniform temperature distribution in refrigeration systems are both critical factors reducing vibrio growth on raw oysters and saving energy consumption. Therefore, this refrigeration system also equipped a specially designed divider and was used to test various air circulation strategies to achieve uniform temperature distribution in six individual compartments. The objective is to investigate and evaluate the effects of air circulation strategies and operating conditions on the cooling performance, including temperature distribution, standard deviation of compartment temperatures, and cooling time using a factorial design method. Results indicated the maximum temperature difference between the compartments was 8.9 ± 2.0 °C, 6.7 ± 2.0 °C, and 4.8 ± 2.0 °C in the scenarios of no air circulation, natural air circulation, and combined natural and forced air circulation, respectively. The interaction of fan location and fan direction showed a significant effect on the compartment temperatures while there was no significant effect on cooling time. A circulation fan on the lower part of the 12-volt section with an air supply from the 12- to 110-volt section was determined as the optimal condition to achieve relatively uniform temperature distribution. Refrigeration system also achieved a cooling temperature of 7.2 °C within 150 min to meet regulations. To that end, the innovative hybrid oyster refrigeration system will benefit oyster industries, as well as the aquaculture farmers in terms of complying with regulations and energy savings.
Factors affecting the distribution of two Synechococcus ecotypes in the coastal Adriatic Sea

U radu je istražena raspodjela i brojnost dva ekotipa roda Synechococcus, tzv. stanice bogate fikocijaninom (PC-SYN) i stanice bogate fikoeritrinom (PE-SYN) u površinskom sloju vodenog stupca, tijekom 2015. i 2016. godine. Područje istraživanja obuhvaćalo je nekoliko estuarijskih područja te područje trofičkog gradijenta od obale prema otvorenom moru, širokog raspona temperature mora \((11.82 - 20.75 ^oC)\), saliniteta (4.47-38.84) i koncentracije hranjiva. Brojnost PC-SYN bila je u rasponu od \( 0 to 79.79 x 10^ 3 cell mL^-1\), a PE-SYN od \(5.01 x 10^3 to 76.74 x 10^3 cell mL^-1\). Utvrđeno je istovremeno obitavanje oba ekotipa na istraživanom području, s prevladavanjem PC-SYN tijekom proljeća te PE-SYN tijekom zime i jeseni. Pokazana je statistički značajna povezanost između PC-SYN i temperature te njegova jaka pozitivna povezanost s dušikovim spojevima, dok su PE-SYN stanice pozitivno odgovorile na dostupnost fosfata. Relativni omjer dostupnosti fosfora i ukupnih hranjiva dušika (N/P omjer) utjecao je na prostornu raspodjelu oba ekotipa roda Synechococcus.
Pollinator availability, mating system and variation in flower morphology in a tropical savanna tree

Widely distributed organisms face different ecological scenarios throughout their range, which can potentially lead to micro-evolutionary differentiation at specific localities. Mating systems of animal pollinated plants are supposed to evolve in response to the availability of local pollinators, with consequent changes in flower morphology. We tested the relationship among pollination , mating system, and flower morphology over a large spatial scale in Brazilian savannas using the tree Curatella americana (Dilleniaceae). We compared fruit set with and without pollinators in the field, and analyzed pollen tube growth from selfand cross-pollinated flowers in different populations. Populations with higher natural fruit set also had lower fruit set in bagged flowers, suggesting stronger barriers to self-fertilization. Furthermore, higher levels of autogamy in field experiments were associated with more pollen tubes reaching ovules in self-pollinated flowers. Morphometric studies of floral and leaf traits indicate closer-set reproductive organs, larger stigmas and smaller anthers in populations with more autogamy. We show that the spatial variation in mating system, flower morphology and pollination previously described for herbs also applies to long-lived, perennial tropical trees, thus reemphasizing that mating systems are a population-based attribute that vary according to the ecological scenario where the plants occur.