Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rationality and Subjective Bond Risk Premia

We construct and study the cross-sectional properties of survey-based bond risk premia and compare them to traditional statistical counterparts. We document large heterogeneity in skill, identify top forecasters, and learn about the importance of subjective risk premia in long-term bonds dynamics. Next, we propose a new real-time aggregate measure of bond risk premia consistent with Friedman’s market selection hypothesis. Finally, we use this measure to evaluate behavioural versus rational explanations of subjective risk premia and find support for models that include both sentiment and time-varying quantity of risk channels.
Grow Rich while you Sleep : Selection in experiments with voluntary participation ∗

We use data from a promotion campaign of NH-Hoteles to study self-selection of participants in a gift-exchange experiment. The promotion campaign allowed guests to pay any non-negative amount of money for a stay in one of 36 hotels in Belgium and the Netherlands. We distinguish between ‘regular guests’, who booked prior to the announcement of the promotion campaign and guests who booked after the campaign was announced. The regular guests pay on average substantially more. This different behavior cannot be explained by differences in satisfaction or observed compositional differences between both groups. During the promotion campaign we varied the posted price of a room that was communicated to the guests. Only regular guests respond to this exogenous variation in the posted price. We argue that the promotion campaign mainly attracted individuals with little prosocial reputational concerns. We thank Huib Voorn and Elisabeth Stevens of NH-hoteles for using their data and Armin Falk, Evgenia Motchenkova, Thomas Palfrey and seminar participants at Pompeu Fabra, Essex and the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam for useful comments and discussions. Department of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, <pgautier@feweb.vu. nl>. Gautier acknowledges financial support from NWO through a VIDI grant Department of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, <bklaauw@feweb.vu. nl>.
The Influence of Instagram Social Media Marketing as a Promotional Means to Increase Intentions to Visit Tourist Destinations

: Technological advances, mainly social media, can drive the increase in GDP. The ease, convenience, and practicality of consumers using social media create almost limitless opportunities for social media marketing in the travel sector. Tourism destination managers have widely used Instagram to promote their destinations by creating appropriate images. However, it is essential to understand the types of destination images that influence tourists. This research aims to understand the relationship between destination image and intention in social media marketing. This research also aims to determine which cognitive or affective destination description is more significant. This research involved 373 respondents who actively use Instagram and know tourism destinations' official social media accounts. The data was analyzed using PLS-SEM. This research finds that social media marketing significantly affects the intention to visit, affective, and cognitive destination images. Destination image also mediates the relationship between social media marketing and visitors' propensity to leave. The analysis findings also show that affective destination image is more effective than cognitive destination image in influencing visitor intentions. These results highlight the importance of considering emotional components when promoting tourist locations.
Surface Temperature Patterns Associated with the Southern Oscillation

Abstract The “typical” global and large-scale regional temperature patterns associated with the low (warm) and high (cold) phases of the Southern Oscillation (SO) are investigated. A total of 12 separate regions were found to have consistent temperature patterns associated with low phase of the SO, while 11 areas were found to have temperature patterns associated with the high phase. Of these areas, 9 have expected temperature patterns during both phases of the SO. In the tropics, temperature anomalies are of the same sign as the SO-related sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in all land regions except for one area in the west Pacific. Three extratropical responses to the low phase of the SO are found over North America and one is found in Japan. High SO-temperature patterns were found in the extratropies for Japan, western Europe, and northwestern North America. The identified temperature responses are more consistent in tropical regions than in the extratropies. The SO can influence the estimation of .
Bioprospecting of Actinobacterial Diversity and Antibacterial Secondary Metabolites from the Sediments of Four Saline Lakes on the Northern Tibetan Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau, known as the “Roof of the World” and “The Third Pole”, harbors numerous saline lakes primarily distributed in the Northern Tibetan Plateau. However, the challenging conditions of high altitude, low oxygen level, and harsh climate have limited investigations into the actinobacteria from these saline lakes. This study focuses on investigating the biodiversity and bioactive secondary metabolites of cultivable actinobacteria isolated from the sediments of four saline lakes on the Northern Tibetan Plateau. A total of 255 actinobacterial strains affiliated with 21 genera in 12 families of 7 orders were recovered by using the pure culture technique and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis. To facilitate a high-throughput bioactivity evaluation, 192 isolates underwent OSMAC cultivation in a miniaturized 24-well microbioreactor system (MATRIX cultivation). The antibacterial activity of crude extracts was then evaluated in a 96-well plate antibacterial assay. Forty-six strains demonstrated antagonistic effects against at least one tested pathogen, and their underlying antibacterial mechanisms were further investigated through a dual-fluorescent reporter assay (pDualrep2). Two Streptomyces strains (378 and 549) that produce compounds triggering DNA damage were prioritized for subsequent chemical investigations. Metabolomics profiling involving HPLC-UV/vis, UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and molecular networking identified three types of bioactive metabolites belonging to the aromatic polyketide family, i.e., cosmomycin, kidamycin, and hedamycin. In-depth analysis of the metabolomic data unveiled some potentially novel anthracycline compounds. A genome mining study based on the whole-genome sequences of strains 378 and 549 identified gene clusters potentially responsible for cosmomycin and kidamycin biosynthesis. This work highlights the effectiveness of combining metabolomic and genomic approaches to rapidly identify bioactive chemicals within microbial extracts. The saline lakes on the Northern Tibetan Plateau present prospective sources for discovering novel actinobacteria and biologically active compounds.
Sea surface slope statistics derived from Sun glint radiance measurements and their apparent dependence on sensor elevation

[1] Sea surface slope variances are obtained by inverting narrowband (444, 501, 677, and 864 nm) Sun glint radiance measurements using a detailed analytical specular sea surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) that includes mutual wave shadowing and hiding. The resulting data set spans a wide range of environmental conditions including wind speeds from 0.5 to 13.5 m s−1 and many different viewing and source geometries. Analysis against wind speed and atmospheric stability produces trends similar to those found in previous studies, as well as finer tendencies that were formerly difficult to detect. Furthermore, the detailed nature of the BRDF model used in the analysis permits an investigation of the correlation of the statistics with viewing geometry, revealing a strong relationship between sensor elevation and measured slope variance, especially at grazing angles.
Genetic evidence for variability in the social mating system of the Midday Gerbil (Meriones meridianus)

Social mating systems (e.g., monogamy, polygamy, or polyandry) are relatively stable behavioral strategies developed by environmental in animals, but the genetic imprint of a particular mating system is often incongruent with the social mating system due to extrapair matings. However, the genetics of mating systems remain little understood in rodents. In this study, we investigated the genetic signature of the mating system of 141 (63 females, 78 males) field-captured midday gerbils (Meriones meridianus)—a rodent species commonly found in the Minqin Desert in China—through microsatellite site analyses of genetic structure and relatedness. Seven pairs of highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were selected and were highly polymorphic, with the combined exclusion probability greater than 0.99. The parent pair paternity test by Cervus 3.0 software show that 11 mother–offspring and nine father–offspring relationships were identified in 2018, involving 26 individuals from 10 families. Similarly, 19 mother–offspring and 19 father–offspring relationships were identified in 2019, involving 48 individuals from 18 families. All three types of genetic mating structure were identified—monogamy (19 families), polyandry (4 families), and polygyny (5 families), providing evidence that the genetics underlying mating systems in this species are variable, can be incongruent with behavioral evidence for social mating systems, and could vary based on environmental cues, including degree of perceived or actual predation. 婚配制度(如单配制、一雄多雌制或一雌多雄制)是动物在特定环境和遗传因素条件下形成的相对稳定的繁殖策略，但由于配偶外交配，遗传性婚配制度往往与社会婚配制度不一致。 然而，在啮齿类动物中，遗传性婚配制度仍旧研究较少。 在本研究中，我们利用多态性分子微卫星位点探究了野外捕获的141只(雌性63只，雄性78只)子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)的遗传结构和亲缘关系，子午沙鼠是中国民勤沙漠中常见的一种啮齿动物。 本研究共筛选出7对高多态性微卫星位点,综合排除概率大于0.99。 通过Cervus 3.0软件进行亲缘关系分析，结果表明2018年捕获的个体中，有11对母子关系和9对父子关系，涉及10个家群的26只沙鼠。 与2018年结果相似，2019捕获个体中，有19对母子关系和19对父子关系，涉及18个家群的48只沙鼠。 综上子午沙鼠野外群体研究表明，遗传性婚配制度有单配制(19个家群)、一雌多雄制(4个家群)和一雄多雌制(5个家群)。
In-silico approaches towards development of model irreversible HIV-1 protease inhibitors

: There is growing evidence for the rapid rise of strains that encode mutant proteases resistant to competitive reversible inhibitors of HIV-1 protease, based on enzyme-substrate interactions and with FDA approval. The inhibition potencies of irreversible inhibitors are less sensitive to mutations so as to inactivate the protein completely by stronger covalent interactions. The development of new irreversible protease inhibitors might be interesting to deal with the future handling of HIV. The mechanisms and binding modes of aziridine based inhibitors have been explored in the present investigations using in-silico approaches: (i) ConfGGS towards structure minimization of model aziridine based inhibitors (ii) Molecular Docking towards predicting the best match between model aziridine based inhibitors and HIV-1 PR (iii) Covalent Docking towards exploring the binding affinity for the covalent interaction between model aziridine based inhibitors and HIV-1 PR (iv) MD Simulation of free enzyme HIV-1 PR and complex with the model aziridine based inhibitors to test and check the quality for the description of inhibition process (v) QM/MM computation to understand the inhibition potency and inhibition reaction at molecular level. Furthermore, ConfGGS/CHARMM has also been used to optimize the reactants and products, obtained from QM/MM computations. The correlation coefficient (R 2 ) values for the dihedral angles of the near optimal structures and QM/MM obtained structures, have been computed and compared for the accuracy and efficacy. The computed results may help and provide assistance for experimental optimizations towards design of more potent protease inhibitors.
POREĐENJE PD-L1 EKSPRESIJE U CITOLOŠKOM I HISTOLOŠKOM MATERIJALU SEROZNOG HIGH-GRADE KARCINOMA JAJNIKA THE CORRELATION OF PD-L1 EXPRESSION IN CYTOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL MATERIAL OF SEROUS HIGH-GRADE OVARIAN CANCER

Introduction: Neoplastic cells in peritoneal lavage express various proteins with significant prognostic and therapeutic potential. Such expression could differ from the expression in a primary tumor or in metastases. In this research, we compared PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand-1) expression on ovarian cancer cells in cytological material with its expression on peritoneal metastases and a primary tumor. Materials and methods: The study included 30 patients who had been operated on for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) in FIGO IIIC, over the period of one year. Cytoblocks, cytological and tissue microarrays were assembled and immunostained with PD-L1 antibody. For each tumor compartment we determined four PD-L1 expression categories: negative, low, moderate, and strong expression, according to the percentage of membrane positive tumor cells. Moderate and strong positivity together were considered as high PD-L1 expression. Results: Moderate PD-L1 expression was the most frequent pattern in primary HGSC (50%) and in peritoneal metastases (omentum) (60%). Cytological samples mostly showed low PD-L1 expression (57%). Statistical analysis did not show a significant difference in PD-L1 expression between the study groups. We found a positive correlation of PD-L1 expression between different, matched tumor samples in every patient, with statistical significance ( p < 0.05) between all the analyzed samples. Conclusion: PD-L1 expression was similar in all three tumor compartments. This could point to similar peritumor regulatory mechanisms of HGSC in primary tumor tissue and cytology tumor samples. Immunohistochemical analysis of the assembled cytoblocks is sufficiently reliable in the assessment of PD-L1 expression on cancer ovarian cells from cytological material.
Relationship of Methane Content of Coal Rank and Depth: Theoretical vs. Observed

Prediction of gas content of coalbeds, and therefore potential producibility, has relied primarily on its observed relationship to coal rank, pressure, and the methane adsorption capacity of a given coal. This relationship has been illustrated by the construction of adsorption isotherms for various coals from experimental data. The value and limitations of these adsorption isotherms are addressed by relating them to observed coalbed methane gas content data. The general conclusion is made that the cause of the pattern of correlation of residual gas to rank is a change in the internal structure of the coal and the moisture content of the coal. 8 refs.
Estimates of anthropogenic carbon uptake from four three‐dimensional global ocean models

We have compared simulations of anthropogenic CO2 in the four three‐dimensional ocean models that participated in the first phase of the Ocean Carbon‐Cycle Model Intercomparison Project (OCMIP), as a means to identify their major differences. Simulated global uptake agrees to within ±19%, giving a range of 1.85±0.35 Pg C yr−1 for the 1980–1989 average. Regionally, the Southern Ocean dominates the present‐day air‐sea flux of anthropogenic CO2 in all models, with one third to one half of the global uptake occurring south of 30°S. The highest simulated total uptake in the Southern Ocean was 70% larger than the lowest. Comparison with recent data‐based estimates of anthropogenic CO2 suggest that most of the models substantially overestimate storage in the Southern Ocean; elsewhere they generally underestimate storage by less than 20%. Globally, the OCMIP models appear to bracket the real ocean's present uptake, based on comparison of regional data‐based estimates of anthropogenic CO2 and bomb 14C. Column inventories of bomb 14C have become more similar to those for anthropogenic CO2 with the time that has elapsed between the Geochemical Ocean Sections Study (1970s) and World Ocean Circulation Experiment (1990s) global sampling campaigns. Our ability to evaluate simulated anthropogenic CO2 would improve if systematic errors associated with the data‐based estimates could be provided regionally.
Common-reflection-point stacking in laterally inhomogeneous media

An important seismic reflection-imaging process which is widely applied in practice in an approximate form is the simulation of a zero-offset (ZO) section from a set of common-offset (CO) sections. Rather than using the familiar common-midpoint (CMP) stack (which suffers from reflection-point dispersal when the reflectors are dipping), the aim now increasingly is to perform an accurate common-reflection-point (CRP) stack. In the latter case, all primary CO reflections used for the simulation of a particular ZO reflection are expected to have a common reflection point. A CRP stack can be performed with a macro-velocity model or with the near-surface velocity only. The fundamental CRP reflection and stacking trajectories involved in both of these CRP stacking techniques are inherently related. The aims of this paper are (a) to give some simple analytic formulae for these trajectories for the constant-velocity case and (b) to describe two CRP stacking methods for 21) laterally inhomogeneous media that make use of the formulae.
Dating of recent lake sediments in the United Kingdom and Ireland using spheroidal carbonaceous particle (SCP) concentration profiles

Spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs) produced from fossil-fuel combustion are found in lake sediments and provide a historical record of atmospheric pollutant deposition. The sediment record of these particles is remarkably consistent and the main features are now seen throughout Europe and beyond. Once the SCP record from a region has been established using accurately dated cores, SCP profiles can be used to determine dates at other sites in the region. This technique was developed in Sweden but until recently has had limited use in the UK and Ireland as the most useful dating feature, the subsurface peak, was not present in all cores. In recent cores this can now almost always be observed. Dating features for UK and Irish cores are found to differ slightly between regions. The potential exists for extra dates to be allocated to a profile by using characterisation of SCP surfaces to determine changes in fuel-type use. Dates could then be allocated to these changes using documentary sources to derive combustion histories. In future years, SCP dating will become increasingly valuable especially for mid- to late-nineteenth-century sediments as continual decay renders210 Pb progressively less useful for this time interval.
Optimizing Power by Combining Small Cells with a Massive MIMO for Maximum Energy Efficiency Under Two Path Loss Models

Currently, we are proceeding towards the 5thgeneration of wireless networks. The 5G is expected to utilize very wide bandwidth and would have the greater capacity compared to 4G. Therefore, the energy efficiency is one of the prominent roles in the design criterion. To achieve the maximum energy efficiency, the typical approaches are to increase the throughput or to decrease the power consumption. Recently, the approach to combine the small cell access points to Massive MIMO has been proved as one efficient way to achieve the maximum energy efficiency. In this work, the approach to combine two type of network, namely Small Cell Access Point (SCA) and Base Station (BS) with Massive MIMO, is considered for designing an energy efficient system. We investigate further this approach by extending the simulation to cover both 3GPP LTE as well as IMT 2020 environment with two different carrier frequencies under three scenarios. The performance is measured and compared with the existing work in terms of total power consumption per subcarrier of both the Base Station (BS) and Small Cell Access Points (SCAs). It is apparent that our proposed method provides the higher information rate at the same total power per sub carrier than the existing work. Additionally, general speaking, the 3GPP path loss model provides the lower total power consumption per sub carrier at BS than IMT-2020, while both path loss models almost has no impact on total power consumption at SCAs, regardless of carrier frequency and the number of antennas adopted in Massive MIMO at BS.
Seismic moment, seismicity, and rate of slip along major fault zones

A straightforward method for computing rates of slip from earthquakes in major fault zones is presented. The slip rate is calculated from the sum of moments for the earthquakes. Rates obtained are in approximate agreement with rates obtained from geodetic measurements or magnetic anomalies, provided that long time samples are considered and provided that adjustments are made in the vertical extent of the zone of earthquake generation. For some fault zones, particularly deep island arc shear zones, strain is perhaps being relieved by steady creep, whereas, in other fault zones, e.g., the San Andreas, strain is accumulating for a large earthquake. The zone of earthquake generation for oceanic transform faults may be as little as 5 km in vertical extent.
Diurnal variability of ocean optical properties during a coastal algal bloom: implications for ocean colour remote sensing

Understanding the diurnal variability of ocean optical properties is critical for better interpretation of satellite ocean colour data and characterizing biogeochemical processes. The daytime variability of ocean optical properties throughout an algal bloom event is analysed in this article based on in situ observations from dawn to dusk at a fixed coastal site in the South China Sea. Diurnal variability during the sunlit period of the ocean optical properties is found to be significant. During the 6 hours around noon, the temporal variability (defined by the coefficient of variation) of phytoplankton absorption, coloured dissolved organic matter and non-algal particle absorption, and particle backscattering at 443 nm can reach 21% ± 15%, 12% ± 9%, and 17% ± 9%, respectively. The diurnal variability during the bloom is much more pronounced than that of the non-bloom phase. With atmospheric radiative transfer modelling, it is further demonstrated that the geostationary satellite detection of within-day optical variability in algae-dominated waters depends on the reliability of the aerosol retrieval. The implications of the diurnal bio-optical variability for the retrieval, validation, and interpretation of satellite ocean colour products are also discussed.