Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnitude of notifiable diseases and evaluation of epidemiological surveillance indicators in Brazilian border cities, 2007-2009

Objective: to describe the magnitude and timely reporting of Notifiable Diseases (ND) and evaluate epidemiological indicators in 121 Brazilian border cities. Methods: this was a descriptive study using Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan) 2007-2009 data on 45 diseases notifiable in Brazil, as well as normative evaluation of selected epidemiological surveillance indicators. Results: 405,484 notifications were recorded relating to 36 ND; differences in ND magnitude and distribution were found in border areas in comparison with other Brazilian cities, with heterogeneous performance in the epidemiological surveillance indicators. ND notification and timeliness of case outcome was also poor. Conclusion: the country’s border area is not uniform. Weaknesses were found in municipal epidemiological surveillance systems, especially in detecting and timely reporting of diseases with epidemic potential, and also in the ability to respond to public health emergencies.
A low computational cost seismic analyses framework for 3D tunnel-form building structures

Numerical modeling of tunnel-form buildings entails the utilization of 3D finite element models consisting of large numbers of shell and fiber elements. Accordingly, the non-linear analysis of such models under seismic excitations is both time-consuming and computationally expensive, especially in the case of large scale structures. To address this challenge, this study investigates the efficiency of the Endurance Time Method (ETM) to evaluate the structural responses, location of damage initiation, and the overall performance of tunnel-form structures under the Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) hazard level. Comparison with results derived from pushover and time-history analyses indicated the acceptable accuracy of ETM with significantly less computational efforts. The computation time required for the ETM was less than 25% of pushover (until total failure of the system) and time history analyses on the five- and ten-story tunnel-form buildings. The maximum differences between the results of ETM and time history analysis used to estimate the story drifts and shear forces were 4–6% and 1–4.5%, respectively. Considering the reliability of ETM and its appropriate accuracy, this method can be considered as a suitable alternative to the conventional methods to provide a low computational cost seismic analyses framework for non-linear tunnel-form buildings and similar structural systems.
Codon Usage Provides Insights into the Adaptive Evolution of Mycoviruses in Their Associated Fungi Host

Codon usage bias (CUB) could reflect co-evolutionary changes between viruses and hosts in contrast to plant and animal viruses, and the systematic analysis of codon usage among the mycoviruses that infect plant pathogenic fungi is limited. We performed an extensive analysis of codon usage patterns among 98 characterized RNA mycoviruses from eight phytopathogenic fungi. The GC and GC3s contents of mycoviruses have a wide variation from 29.35% to 64.62% and 24.32% to 97.13%, respectively. Mycoviral CUB is weak, and natural selection plays a major role in the formation of mycoviral codon usage pattern. In this study, we demonstrated that the codon usage of mycoviruses is similar to that of some host genes, especially those involved in RNA biosynthetic process and transcription, suggesting that CUB is a potential evolutionary mechanism that mycoviruses adapt to in their hosts.
Associação entre ácido úrico e variáveis de risco cardiovascular em uma população não hospitalar

FUNDAMENTO: A associacao entre acido urico (AU) e as variaveis de risco cardiovascular permanece controversa em estudos epidemiologicos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associacao entre o AU, pressao arterial (PA), indices antropometricos e variaveis metabolicas em populacao nao hospitalar estratificada por quintis de AU. METODOS: Em estudo observacional transversal, foram avaliados 756 individuos (369M), com idade de 50,3 ± 16,12 anos, divididos em quintis de AU. Foram obtidos PA, indice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferencia abdominal (CA), AU, glicose, insulina, HOMA-IR, colesterol (CT), LDL-c, HDL-c, triglicerideos (TG), creatinina (C). Foi calculada a taxa de filtracao glomerular estimada (TFGE) e considerada hipertensao arterial (HA) quando a PA > 140x90 mmHg, sobrepeso/obesidade (S/O) quando IMC > 25 kg/m2 e sindrome metabolica (SM) de acordo com a I Diretriz Brasileira de SM. RESULTADOS: 1) Nao houve diferenca entre os grupos na distribuicao por sexo e faixa etaria; 2) Os maiores quintis de AU apresentaram maiores medias de idade (p < 0,01), IMC, CA (p < 0,01), PAS, PAD (p < 0,001), CT, LDL-c, TG (p < 0,01), C e TFGE (p < 0,001) e menor media de HDL-c (p < 0,001); 3) O grupo com maior quintil de AU mostrou maiores prevalencias de HA, S/O e SM (p < 0,001); 4) Maiores percentuais dos menores quintis de insulina (p < 0,02) e de HOMA-IR (p < 0,01) foram encontrados nos menores quintis de AU; 5) Em analise de regressao logistica, o AU e as variaveis que compoem a SM apresentaram-se associados a ocorrencia de SM (p < 0,01). CONCLUSAO: Maiores quintis de acido urico associaram-se a pior perfil de risco cardiovascular e a pior perfil de funcao renal na amostra populacional nao hospitalar estudada.
Autonomic Dysfunction during Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

Although autonomic dysfunction (AD) after the recovery from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been thoroughly described, few data are available regarding the involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary aim of this review was to summarize current knowledge regarding the AD occurring during acute COVID-19. Secondarily, we aimed to clarify the prognostic value of ANS involvement and the role of autonomic parameters in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection. According to the PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review across Scopus and PubMed databases, resulting in 1585 records. The records check and the analysis of included reports’ references allowed us to include 22 articles. The studies were widely heterogeneous for study population, dysautonomia assessment, and COVID-19 severity. Heart rate variability was the tool most frequently chosen to analyze autonomic parameters, followed by automated pupillometry. Most studies found ANS involvement during acute COVID-19, and AD was often related to a worse outcome. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of autonomic parameters in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection. The evidence emerging from this review suggests that a complex autonomic nervous system imbalance is a prominent feature of acute COVID-19, often leading to a poor prognosis.
Effect of Penicillium chrysogenum Concentration on The Production and Characteristic of Pectinase Enzyme from Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Peel Waste

This study aimed to determine the effect of various concentrations of Penicillium chrysogenum isolates on the production of pectinase enzymes from pineapple peel waste. The experiment was arranged in CRD (completely randomized design) with six different isolate concentrations (4%; 8%; 14%; 16%; 20%; and 24%). The experiment constituted of three stages, namely production of enzymes by using Penicillium chrysogenum isolates, enzyme harvesting with a goal to obtain a crude extract of the enzymes, and enzyme characterization. Parameters in this study included enzyme activity, optimum temperature, optimum pH, Km value, and Vmax value. Results showed that the highest yield (1.87 g) was obtained from the 24% treatment and the lowest in the 4% treatment at 1.63 g. The highest enzyme activity in the 24% treatment was 1.924 U/ml and the lowest was in the 4% treatment, namely 0.949 U/ml. The highest Vmax value was 0.690 U/ml from the 24% treatment and the lowest was 474 from the 4% treatment. Conversely, the highest Km (0.040 mg/ml) value was found in 4% treatment and the lowest (0.016 mg/ml) was observed in 24% treatment. Keywords: Characteristics, Enzyme, Fungi, Pectinase, Pineapple
Pitch accent position, peak height, and prominence level relative to accented vowel onset on YouTube

Prominence can be expressed using several strategies, such as the position of the accent relative to the accented vowel (later pitch accents tend to be perceived as more prominent) or the height of the pitch peak that is associated with the prominent syllable (higher pitch peaks are likewise perceived as more prominent). These strategies are investigated here for a sample of YouTubers, in whose case it is necessary to draw an audience in quickly. Speaking expressively is thus important, and strong or emphatic prominences are one way to do that. We find that the YouTubers in the sample used significantly more non-early peaks than early peaks, and more emphatic prominences than weak prominences. The timing of the accents does not seem to be tied to the prominence level, but emphatic accents were produced with higher pitch peaks than the other prominence levels. Results differed depending on speaker origin.
p-S6 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Scarce information exists on the role of mTOR pathway proteins and their association to aggressiveness and prognosis of patients with canine oral cancers. We aimed to investigate the activated form of mTOR and its downstream S6 protein in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to evaluate potential associations between protein expression and clinic-pathologic variables and survival. For that we analysed p-mTOR and p-S6 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 61 canine OSCCs. Multivariate analysis was conducted to examine their role in patients’ cancer-specific survival (CSS). p-mTOR and p-S6 expression were present in almost all cases. High-expression of p-mTOR was observed in 44 (72.1%) cases using extent score and 52 (85.2%) cases using intensity score. For p-S6, high expression was observed in 53 (86.9%) cases using extent score and in 54 (88.5%) cases using intensity score. An independent prognostic value for p-S6 extension (p = 0.027), tumour stage (p = 0.013) and treatment (p = 0.0009) was found in patients’ CSS analysis. Our data suggest that p-mTOR and p-S6 proteins are commonly expressed in canine OSCC and p-S6 expression is correlated with poor CSS in dogs with OSCC. More studies should be performed to identify possible therapeutic targets related with mTOR pathway for these patients.
Moderation of Islamic Business Ethics to The Personality of Business Behavior

The purpose of the study was to study whether moderation of Islamic business ethics can increase the influence of personality on the business behavior of Bengkoang sellers. This study was a field study in Padang City, with 101 samples of bengkoang sellers. Data collection techniques are observation, survey, and questionnaire and data processing with SPSS 25. Validity test, CFA Test. Hypothesis testing using MRA (Moderating Regression Analysis). This study produced the equation of the regression test results between Islamic Business Ethics, and Trader Behavior is Y = 21.689 + 0.419X1 + e, where the constant value indicates if Islamic Business Ethics does not exist, then Trader Behavior will still be formed as much as the existing constant value of 21,689. The application of Islamic Business Ethics to the behavior of bengkoang sellers in the city of Padang plays a positive and significant role.
Do Organizational Culture and Human Resources Management Practices Decrease Turnover Intention in Microfinance Company?

Organizational culture can be interpreted as an accumulation of basic assumptions, practices, principles, beliefs, norms, and values that govern a person’s behavior and action in an organization. Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Indonesia are growing very fast which is not accompanied by availability of sufficient competent human resources in this financial industry. This condition has caused employee turnover which tends to increase in the last three years. The research aimed to analyze the organizational culture designed by the company manager compared to the organizational culture according to employee perception and the effect of organizational culture and Human Resources Management (HRM) Practices run by the company on employee turnover intention. The research was a case study in PT DMS, one of MFIs in Indonesia. Primary data were collected from 249 respondents using the census method as a sampling technique. Then, the analysis of organizational culture using the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) analysis showed that the culture that could be applied was the type of clan. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis shows that organizational culture positively affects satisfaction with the implementation of HRM practices. However, organizational culture has a negative impact on turnover intention. Then, satisfaction with implementing HRM practices has a significant and negative effect on turnover intention. It can be concluded that to decrease turnover intention, companies need to increase employee satisfaction with the implementation of organizational culture and HRM practice, such as creating employee development program.
LSU Digital Commons LSU Digital Commons Attributes of atmospheric carbon monoxide oxidation by Maine Attributes of atmospheric carbon monoxide oxidation by Maine forest soils forest soils

CO, one of the most important trace gases, regulates tropospheric methane, hydroxyl radical, and ozone contents. Ten to 25% of the estimated global CO ﬂux may be consumed by soils annually. Depth proﬁles for 14 CO oxidation and CO concentration indicated that CO oxidation occurred primarily in surface soils and that photooxidation of soil organic matter did not necessarily contribute signiﬁcantly to CO ﬂuxes. Kinetic analyses revealed that the apparent K m was about 18 nM (17 ppm) and the V max was 6.9 m mol g (fresh weight) 2 1 h 2 1 ; the apparent K m was similar to the apparent K m for atmospheric methane consumption, but the V max was more than 100 times higher. Atmospheric CO oxidation responded sensitively to soil water regimes; decreases in water content in initially saturated soils resulted in increased uptake, and optimum uptake occurred at water contents of 30 to 60%. However, extended drying led to decreased uptake and net CO production. Rewetting could restore CO uptake, albeit with a pronounced hysteresis. The responses to changing temperatures indicated that the optimum temperature for net uptake was between 20 and 25°C and that there was a transition to net production at temperatures above 30°C. The responses to methyl ﬂuoride and acetylene indicated that populations other than ammonia oxidizers and methanotrophs must be involved in forest soils. The response to acetylene was notable, since the strong initial inhibition was reversed after 12 h of incubation; in contrast, methyl ﬂuoride did not have an inhibitory effect. Ammonium did not inhibit CO uptake; the level of nitrite inhibition was initially substantial, but nitrite inhibition was reversible over time. Nitrite inhibition appeared to occur through indirect effects based on abiological formation of NO.
On correlation bounds against polynomials

We study the fundamental challenge of exhibiting explicit functions that have small correlation with low-degree polynomials over $\mathbb{F}_{2}$. Our main contributions include: 1. In STOC 2020, CHHLZ introduced a new technique to prove correlation bounds. Using their technique they established new correlation bounds for low-degree polynomials. They conjectured that their technique generalizes to higher degree polynomials as well. We give a counterexample to their conjecture, in fact ruling out weaker parameters and showing what they prove is essentially the best possible. 2. We propose a new approach for proving correlation bounds with the central"mod functions", consisting of two steps: (I) the polynomials that maximize correlation are symmetric and (II) symmetric polynomials have small correlation. Contrary to related results in the literature, we conjecture that (I) is true. We argue this approach is not affected by existing"barrier results". 3. We prove our conjecture for quadratic polynomials. Specifically, we determine the maximum possible correlation between quadratic polynomials modulo 2 and the functions $(x_{1},\dots,x_{n})\to z^{\sum x_{i}}$ for any $z$ on the complex unit circle; and show that it is achieved by symmetric polynomials. To obtain our results we develop a new proof technique: we express correlation in terms of directional derivatives and analyze it by slowly restricting the direction. 4. We make partial progress on the conjecture for cubic polynomials, in particular proving tight correlation bounds for cubic polynomials whose degree-3 part is symmetric.
Effect of Tillage and Mulch on Soil Physical Properties and Growth of Maize

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different tillage systems and mulch levels on soil physical properties and growth of maize. Three tillage systems (minimum, deep & conventional tillage) and four mulch levels (control, wheat straw @ 4, 8 & 12 Mg ha -1 ) were used. Tillage methods significantly affected the soil physical properties as increase in soil moisture contents and decrease in bulk density of soil was noted. The soil moisture contents (18.51%) were maximum in conventional tillage and bulk density (1.38 Mg m -3 ) was minimum in case of deep tillage as compared to minimum tillage. Organic matter contents (0.87%) were found maximum in minimum tillage. The maximum value of plant height (214.94 cm), number of grains per cob (659.5) and 1000-grain weight (410.71 g) was observed in case of conventional tillage, while maximum total dry matter (32.13 Mg ha -1 ) and grain yield (5.57 Mg ha -1 ) was noted in case of deep tillage as compared to minimum tillage. Mulch significantly affected the soil physical properties and growth of maize. The soil moisture contents (18.43%), organic matter contents (0.88%), plant height (217.67 cm), total dry matter (27.18 Mg ha -1 ), number of cobs per plant (1.06), number of grains per cob (610.55), and 1000-grain weight (398.68 g) of maize were maximum when mulch was applied @ 12 Mg ha -1 , while maximum values of grain yield (5.77 Mg ha -1 ) and soil bulk density (1.53 Mg m -3 ) were obtained when mulch was applied @ 8 Mg ha -1 and in control, respectively. Tillage (deep & conventional) and mulch (8 & 12 Mg ha -1 ) have pronounced effect on soil physical properties and growth of maize.
Association of Opioid Use Disorder on Postoperative Outcomes Following Lumbar Laminectomy: A Nationwide Retrospective Analysis of the Medicare Population

Background Research focused on the association of opioid use disorder (OUD) on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing primary lumbar laminectomy is lacking. This study aims to observe the impact of OUD on (1) hospital length of stay (LOS), (2) readmission rates, (3) medical complications, and (4) health care expenditures. Methods A retrospective query was performed using a nationwide claims database from January 2005 to March 2014 for all patients who underwent lumbar laminectomy, yielding a total of 131,635 patients. The study cohort included 3515 patients with OUD, while 128,120 patients served as the comparison cohort. Multivariate binomial logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association of OUD on readmission rates and medical complications, whereas Welch’s t tests were used to compare LOS and health care expenditures. A P value less than 0.001 was considered statistically significant. Results Patients with OUD undergoing lumbar laminectomy had significantly longer hospital LOS (3.68 vs 1.13 days, P < 0.0001). Readmission rates were significantly higher (14.57% vs 7.39%, OR: 1.73, P < 0.0001) in patients who had an OUD. The study cohort was found to have higher incidence and odds (32.36% vs 9.76%, OR: 3.53, P < 0.0001) of 90-day medical complications and total global 90-day episode of care reimbursement rates ($13,635.81 vs $8131.20, P < 0.0001) compared with their counterparts. Conclusions This study demonstrates OUD to be associated with longer hospital LOS, increased rates of 90-day readmissions, medical complications, and health care expenditures following lumbar laminectomy. Level of Evidence 3. Clinical Relevance Results indicate that OUD is associated with worse outcomes following lumbar laminectomy.
Vocabulary Learning Strategies Used by Elementary-Level Students of English 1

This article presents the results of a research project carried out in 2017 at the Agricultural High School of Universidad Autónoma Chapingo in Texcoco, Mexico, with the aim of determining which vocabulary strategies students used, as well as the frequency of their use. A Likert-scale questionnaire with 5 points, adapted from Easterbrook (2013), was distributed to 107 students with an elementary level of English proficiency (i.e., Level A2), corresponding to the Common European Framework of Reference of Languages (CEFRL) (Council of Europe, 2001). The results showed that the participants used vocabulary-learning strategies (VLSs) at a medium level based on the mean statistical measure used. Out of the 51 VLSs included in the questionnaire, 13 experienced a high level of use, 21 a medium level of use and 17 a low level of use. Identifying new words in different sources and predicting their meaning from context stood out among the high-use strategies. More than half of the medium-use strategies were of mnemonic type and various memorization approaches. Most low-use strategies involved organizing vocabulary information by theme, rote memorization and review. Overall, the pattern of strategy use suggests that the participants in this study did invest time in discovering the meanings of new words they encountered in context, but their effort was less focused reviewing vocabulary as a means to commit them to the long-term memory. This diagnostic examination of VLSs showed that students may not possess effective means to acquiring vocabulary and therefore, instruction need to include familiarizing students with strategies for them to effectively acquire, store and retrieve vocabulary items.