Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mesoscale dynamics of a deepening secondary cyclone in FASTEX IOP16: Three‐dimensional structure retrieved from dropsonde data

The mesoscale dynamics of a secondary cyclone sampled during the field phase of the Fronts and Atlantic Storm‐Track EXperiment (FASTEX) Intensive Observation Period (IOP) 16 are documented using airborne dropsonde data. the method proposed to recover the mesoscale analytical three‐dimensional (3‐D) dynamic fields from the dropsonde measurements is evaluated using simulated fields, airborne in situ measurements, and airborne Doppler radar measurements. These simulations and comparisons indicate that the method is able to resolve the mesoscale structures within the studied secondary cyclone both in the regions of clear air and precipitation. It appears, however, that the most accurate description of the 3‐D dynamic fields in both these regions would be obtained by combining Doppler and dropsonde measurements.
Gratingless enhanced microwave transmission through a subwavelength aperture in a thick metal plate

Remarkably enhanced transmission of microwave radiation through a single subwavelength slit in a thick metallic substrate surrounded by just a pair of parallel deep and narrow grooves is recorded. By also patterning the output face of the metal slab with two grooves there is strong exit beam confinement. There are no gratings in this structure and, hence, the transmission mechanism is not related to the conventional grating coupling of surface plasmons on the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate. Instead, the slit and the four grooves are all resonant, which is the essence of the functioning of the arrangement. The enhancement is due to the collective excitation of the Fabry–Perot mode in the slit and the cavity modes in the grooves. A finite-element modeling code is used to optimize the response of the structure, and to investigate the electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of the substrate.
The structure and evolution of radiatively cooling jets

The two-dimensional simulations presently used to characterize the structure and evolution of radiatively cooling supersonic jets reveal that cooling jet morphologies resemble those of adiabatic outflows, but with the fundamental difference that a dense, cold shell will condense out of the shocked gas at the head of the jet when the cooling distance behind either of the two principal shocks is smaller than the jet radius. For very high cooling rates, the material that accumulates at the head of the jet forms an extended plug of cold gas resembling the nose cone observed in numerical simulations of strongly magnetized adiabatic jets. An investigation is made of the dependence of jet properties on the density ratio between the beam and the ambient medium, as well as on the strength of radiative cooling. 52 refs.
Scalings for radiation from plasma bubbles

In this paper, electron trajectories are studied analytically in the rest frame of a plasma bubble using nonevolving, linear, radial electric and azimuthal magnetic fields in a spherical structure. The electron motion is broken into two distinct periods; one where it orbits around the periphery to the rear of the bubble, and one where it performs oscillations within the bubble interior. By using the first period as an initial condition for the second, general scalings are developed for the x-ray radiation produced by the electron oscillations. The equations are also analyzed to give self-trapping conditions for the electron and to examine the sensitivity of the transverse momentum to small variations from an orbit that is a circular arc. The scalings are in reasonable agreement with recent experiments on x-ray generation and predict a peak spectral brightness of S≈6×1027 photons/s mrad mm 0.1%BW of radiation with a critical energy of 300 MeV using a single stage accelerator driven by a 120 PW laser.
Studies in the acquisition of deictic terms

1. The Acquisition of Deictic Terms 2. Deictic and Nondeictic Spatial Relations 3. In Front of and In Back of: Are they learned in backwards order? 4. Personal Pronouns 5. Demonstratives and Deictic Locatives 6. Deictic Verbs of Motion: Easy Come? Easy Go? 7. Conclusions Appendices Bibliography Index.
Changes in C 3 S hydration in presence of cellulose ethers

The influence of cellulose ethers (CE) on C3S hydration processes was examined in order to improve our knowledge of the retarding effect of cellulose ethers on the cement hydration kinetics. In this frame, the impacts of various cellulose ethers on C3S dissolution, C-S-H nucleation-growth process and portlandite precipitation were investigated. A weak influence of cellulose ethers on the dissolution kinetics of pure C3S phase was observed. In contrast, a significant decrease of the initial amount of C-S-H nuclei and a strong modification of the growth rate of C-S-H were noticed. A slowing down of the portlandite precipitation was also demonstrated in the case of both cement and C3S hydration. CE adsorption behavior clearly highlighted a chemical structure dependence as well as a cement phase dependence. Finally, we supported the conclusion that CE adsorption is doubtless responsible for the various retarding effect observed as a function of CE types.
An Attempt to Derive the epsilon Equation from a Two-Point Closure

Abstract The goal of this paper is to derive the equation for the turbulence dissipation rate e for a shear-driven flow. In 1961, Davydov used a one-point closure model to derive the e equation from first principles but the final result contained undetermined terms and thus lacked predictive power. Both in 1987 (Schiestel) and in 2001 (Rubinstein and Zhou), attempts were made to derive the e equation from first principles using a two-point closure, but their methods relied on a phenomenological assumption. The standard practice has thus been to employ a heuristic form of the e equation that contains three empirical ingredients: two constants, c1,e and c2,e, and a diffusion term De. In this work, a two-point closure is employed, yielding the following results: 1) the empirical constants get replaced by c1, c2, which are now functions of K and e; 2) c1 and c2 are not independent because a general relation between the two that are valid for any K and e are derived; 3) c1, c2 become constant with values close.
The National Meteorological Center Regional Analysis System

Abstract The National Meteorological Center (NMC) Regional Optimum-Interpolation (ROI) analysis is described. The ROI is the analysis component of the Regional Analysis and Forecast System (RAFS) and is specially designed to provide initial conditions for the Nested Grid Model (NGM), the forecast component of the RAFS. The ROI is an attempt to overcome weaknesses in the Limited-area Fine Mesh (LFM) and Global Optimum-Interpolation (GOI) analysis systems, to provide the NGM with more detailed and balanced analyses and to do so in a three-dimensional and dynamically consistent manner. Among the unique aspects are its hemispheric domain with regional-scale (150–200 km) horizontal resolution and improved vertical resolution (16 levels with the first 12 below 250 mb). The analysis is geostrophically coupled and is multivariate in geopotential and wind; it utilizes the same sigma coordinate as the NGM prediction model. All significant-level radiosonde data are now used, as well as many more of the surface obser.
Exact principal component influence measures applied to the analysis of spectroscopic data on rice

Exact influence measures are applied in the evaluation of a principal component decomposition for high dimensional data. Some data used for classifying samples of rice from their near infra‐red transmission profiles, following a preliminary principal component analysis, are examined in detail. A normalization of eigenvalue influence statistics is proposed which ensures that measures reflect the relative orientations of observations, rather than their overall Euclidean distance from the sample mean. Thus, the analyst obtains more information from an analysis of eigenvalues than from approximate approaches to eigenvalue influence. This is particularly important for high dimensional data where a complete investigation of eigenvector perturbations may be cumbersome. The results are used to suggest a new class of influence measures based on ratios of Euclidean distances in orthogonal spaces.
EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISCLOSURE LEVEL OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND THE COMPANY ' S OPERATING PERFORMANCE LISTED IN TEHRAN STOCK EXCHANGE BY USING THE ECONOMIC APPROACH

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between disclosure level of corporate social responsibility and operational performance of the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange, by using the economic approach. In this study, the spatial domain consists of all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and temporal domain consists of those listed in Tehran Stock Exchange in 5-year period from 2008 to 2012. Economic value added and market value added are considered as dependent variables and the disclosure of corporate social responsibility, as an independent variable. This study was a quasiexperimental research design, using a post-event approach (through past data), and a descriptivecorrelated survey. To illustrate the explanatory power of the explanting variables, to assess variables’ significant and to assess total adequacy of the model, it was used the coefficient of adjusted determination, t-statistic and the F-statistic, respectively. Also, statistical analysis was performed by software 7 EXCEL EVIEWS. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of disclosure of environmental, social, economic and social responsibility and the market value added of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange.
The stress dependence of the ΔE effect in Terfenol‐D (abstract)

The stress dependence of the intrinsic change in Young’s modulus with magnetic field (the ΔE effect, DE) has been measured to 120 MPa in Terfenol‐D (Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe2−x, 0<x<0.1) with the field H as a parameter. The sample, prepared by rf rapid zoning,1 consists of slablike dendrites with the [112] growth direction determining the longitudinal (stress and field) axis of the sample. A [111] direction is normal to the longitudinal axis. The data (Fig. 1) show an extremely large (eightfold) depression in Young’s modulus, comparable to that found in Fe‐based amorphous materials. Earlier measurements on polycrystalline samples yielded DE=1.6. The value of DE observed here is attributed to the ‘‘jumping’’ of the magnetization between two easy axes of magnetization. These directions are stress dependent, parallel to the magnetically easy 〈111〉 directions at low stress. One rotates to a direction 14.75° from the [111] direction at high stress. A calculation of the stiff (high‐field) Young’s modulus in the [112] d.
New Model for Compressible Vortices

A new analytical solution for self-similar compressible vortices is derived. Based on the previous incompressible formulation of intense vortices, we derived a theoretical model that includes density and temperature variations. The governing equations are simplified assuming strong vortex conditions. Part of the hydrodynamic problem (mass and momentum) is shown to be analogous to the incompressible kind and as such the velocity is obtained through a straightforward variable transformation. Since all the velocity components are bounded in the radial direction, the density and pressure are then determined by standard numerical integration without the usual stringent simplification for the radial velocity
Effect of bubble deformation on the properties of bubbly flows

Direct numerical simulations of the motion of 27 three-dimensional deformable buoyant bubbles in periodic domains are presented. The full Navier–Stokes equations are solved by a parallelized finite-difference/front-tracking method that allows a deformable interface between the bubbles and the suspending fluid and the inclusion of surface tension. The Eötvös number is taken as equal to 5, so that the bubbles are ellipsoidal, and the Galileo number is 900, so that the rise Reynolds number of a single bubble in an unbounded flow is about 26. Three values of the void fraction have been investigated: 2%, 6% and 12%. At 6%, a change in the behaviour of the bubbles is observed. The bubbles are initially dispersed homogeneously throughout the flow field and their average rise Reynolds number is 23. After the bubbles have risen by about 90 bubble diameters, they form a vertical stream and accelerate. The microstructure of the bubble suspension is analysed and an explanation is proposed for the formation of these streams. The results for the ellipsoidal bubbles are compared to the results for nearly spherical bubbles, for which the Eötvös number is 1 and the Galileo number is 900. The dispersion of the bubbles and the velocity fluctuations in the liquid phase are analysed.
Voltage lead corrections for a pulse-driven ac Josephson voltage standard

We present measurements on a pulse-driven ac Josephson voltage standard (ACJVS) for frequencies up to 1 MHz. By automating our setup we were able to perform a systematic study of the frequency dependence of the ACJVS output. We show that the error caused by the voltage leads is the major error source when measuring at frequencies up to 1 MHz. The squared frequency dependence of the error, which is caused by a resonance in the circuit, allows us to make a correction that results in an uncertainty on the µV V−1 level for frequencies up to at least 20 kHz.
Sensitivity of Mesoscale Gravity Waves to the Baroclinicity of Jet-Front Systems

Abstract This study investigates the sensitivity of mesoscale gravity waves to the baroclinicity of the background jet-front systems by simulating different life cycles of baroclinic waves with a high-resolution mesoscale model. Four simulations are made starting from two-dimensional baroclinic jets having different static stability and wind shear in order to obtain baroclinic waves with significantly different growth rates. In all experiments, vertically propagating mesoscale gravity waves are simulated in the exit region of upper-tropospheric jet streaks. A two-dimensional spectral analysis demonstrates that these gravity waves have multiple components with different wave characteristics. The short-scale wave components that are preserved by a high-pass filter with a cutoff wavelength of 200 km have horizontal wavelengths of 85–161 km and intrinsic frequencies of 3–11 times the Coriolis parameter. The medium-scale waves that are preserved by a bandpass filter (with 200- and 600-km cutoff wavelengths) ha.
Modelling of a Solar Heating System for Industrial Processes using Linear Fresnel Reflectors

Thermal energy in industries has a significant share of the total energy consumed by different processes in the industrial sector. In solar energy rich countries, like Libya, this can be significantly provided by solar energy technologies. Dairy factories involve a number of processes requiring heat at different temperatures. Some processes even require steam at high temperatures. Pasteurization, sterilization, cleaning, washing, and evaporation are some of the operations in dairy processing plants. Concentrated solar power plants can provide such high temperatures using a number of technologies, specifically parabolic trough reflectors, linear Fresnel reflectors, parabolic dish, and the central receiver with a heliostat field. Libya is located in the sun belt and is pleasant with high levels of sun radiation. This paper investigates the techno-economic feasibility of a concentrated solar power plant utilizing linear Fresnel reflectors technology to provide heat for the pasteurizing process at a proposed milk processing diary. A production rate of 100,000 liters per day of milk was assumed. All of the parameters involved in the design process, such as the available area, solar energy available at the location, energy demand of the process, inlet and outlet temperatures, energy storage requirement, and cost per unit of electricity, were fed to the Ressspi platform, a solar simulator for industrial processes. Results showed that the system is highly feasible in terms of technical as well as economic aspects. The heat generated by the solar plant was 1260661.4 kWh, while that consumed by the process was 1321636.8 kWh and that represents 95.4% of the energy needed for the process. The solar utilization factor is 77.1% as a result of energy lost due to defocusing of the Fresnel reflectors. The payback period of the project was found to be 5 years with an internal rate of return of 23.88% and a levelized cost of energy of 0.03228 €/kWh.
On advanced solution strategies to overcome locking effects in strong discontinuity approaches

This paper is concerned with the analysis of locking effects resulting from different orientations of micro‐defects and those of the corresponding macro‐defects. Based on a mixed‐mode material model embedded within the framework of the strong discontinuity approach (SDA), the described locking effect is illustrated by means of a crack analysis of a notched concrete beam. To overcome the deficiency of the proposed finite element model, the original SDA is modified and extended. For that purpose, two different advanced numerical formulations are developed: a rotating crack approach and a multiple crack approach. Restricting the governing equations to the material point level, a standard return‐mapping procedure is applied to the algorithmic formulations of both models. The applicability and the performance of the proposed numerical implementations are investigated by means of a re‐analysis of the two‐dimensional notched concrete beam. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Language proficiency in preschool children with different levels of executive function

Background. According to numerous studies, people’s development of executive function is a predictor of their successful acquisition of literacy skills. However, the data on the relationship between the development of verbal language and executive function in preschool aged children are insufficient and contradictory. Objective. The goal of our research was to study the connection between the three main EF components (working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility) and various spoken language skills in children of senior preschool age. It is the first stage of a longitudinal study aimed at understanding the relationship between executive function and language development starting from ages 5–6, and proceeding through elementary school. Design. Our study sample included 279 children aged 5–6 years (M = 5.6 years) attending a senior group in Moscow kindergartens (139 boys and 140 girls). The study used NEPSY-II diagnostic complex subtests and the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) test to measure the level of executive functions (working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibition). Language development (vocabulary, phonemic awareness, and word generation) was measured by neuropsychological methods (Akhutina, Pylaeva, 2015). Results. The results of the study showed significant associations between all EF components and language skills development in preschool children. Oral language skills were more closely related to the level of development of verbal working memory and cognitive flexibility than they were to inhibition or visual working memory. Children with low levels of EF development were significantly less able to cope with tasks such as understanding prepositional structures, understanding similar sounding words, and showing verbal fluency, than children with a high EF level. Furthermore, children with normal and high levels of EF development displayed no significant differences in language development. Thus, the study showed that children with a low level of EF have difficulties with language development. Conclusion. Our results provide important details about understanding the relationship between executive functioning and language development in children of senior preschool age.
Syntactic Type-aware Graph Attention Network for Drug-drug Interactions and their Adverse Effects Extraction

Automatic extraction of drug-drug interactions and their adverse effects can promote the research of pharmacovigilance and thus attracts attention from both academia and industry. Recent efforts focus on span-based approaches and show more promising results. However, span-based methods enumerate all possible candidate entity spans while ignoring boundary information of spans. Meanwhile, lacking sufficient interactions in intra-span and inter-span further hinders the performance of the nested entity and overlapping relation extraction. To this end, we propose a syntactic type-aware graph attention network for drug-drug interactions and their adverse effects extraction. Specifically, a boundary heuristic module is designed firstly to generate the boundary of linguistically legitimate entity spans. And then, different from the general syntactic graph (i.e., only considering dependency edges), we construct a syntactic type-aware graph attention network (STG) to capture interactions in intra-span and inter-span by considering syntactic edges and types simultaneously. Results1 achieved on two biomedical benchmark datasets, including drug-drug interaction (DDI) and adverse drug effect (ADE), indicate that our model obtains significantly more performance than the state-of-the-art methods, achieving improvements in the relation F1 score of 1.63% on ADE and 2.07% on DDI dataset, respectively.
Measuring the Cost of Imperfect Information in the Tokyo Housing Market

The cost of imperfect information is estimated in the real estate market of resale condominiums in central Tokyo by using a new, comprehensive data set of resale condominium transactions. The results suggest a substantial cost. Specifically, if information were perfectly available and marketing time is null, sellers would get benefits of 10.58% based on average interest rate, 31.28% on gross rent and 22.59% on net rent, against imputed rent of their property. Buyers spend 1,042,000 Yen on search activities for one transaction, which would be saved if information were prefect. This cost amounts to be equivalent to 13.2% of buyers' average annual income.
Incomplete spectral data and the reconstruction of a Riemannian manifold

The paper concerns the problem of a Riemannian manifold reconstruction using incomplete boundary spectral data of its Laplace-Beltrami operator with the Neumann boundary condition. The reconstruction procedure is based upon the boundary control method in inverse problems suggested by Belishev [2,3,5]. © VSP 1993.
Exploring the Attainment of Career Success

This study examined the role of the organisation as well as the role of the employee in the attainment of career success for senior management employees. Participants were a purposive sample of 24 senior management employees from two international financial organisations in South Africa (of which 58,3% were English-speaking and 54,2% male). A qualitative research approach was followed and data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews with the participants. The verbatim transcriptions were analysed using content analysis. Findings indicate that organisations which provide challenges and opportunities advanced the careers of their employees. Employees who build good interpersonal relationships and deliver on promises are morely likely to be successful at their careers. Attaining career success is the mutual responsibility or partnership between the organisation and employees.