Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation and control of lateral tire forces using steering torque

Over the past few decades, vehicle control systems have been developed to enhance vehicle handling and passenger safety. These systems seek to prevent unintended vehicle behavior through active vehicle control, assisting drivers in maintaining control of their vehicles. Unfortunately, these systems are limited by the lack of knowledge of the vehicle’s state and operating conditions. Knowledge of the vehicle’s sideslip angle, which relates its lateral velocity to its longitudinal velocity, is important information that is largely unavailable for current safety systems. The tire’s lateral handling limit, which is the maximum grip a tire has on the road during a turn, is also generally unknown. As a result, current systems are reactive; they must detect a problem before corrective action can be taken. If onboard systems had accurate knowledge of sideslip angle (or equivalently, tire slip angle) and could predict the peak friction limit, control systems could anticipate rather than react to loss of control situations, further enhancing vehicle handling and increasing passenger safety. This thesis presents several model-based estimation methods which utilize the early lateral limit information contained in steering torque measurements and the added sensing capability of GPS. During periods of GPS signal loss, a nonlinear observer is developed that utilizes pneumatic trail information in steering torque to identify both vehicle sideslip angle and the lateral force limits. Mathematically guaranteed to converge, the nonlinear observer uses readily available measurements on production vehicles. Most importantly, it takes advantage of the friction information encoded in the tire pneumatic trail, enabling early detection of the limits before they are reached. Finally, this work develops an envelope controller to keep the vehicle in a safe operating region using the estimated handling limit information from
Microscale characterisation of a manufacturing route for lentiviral vectors

Lentiviral vectors used in clinical trials are currently produced by transient transfection of adherent human embryonic kidney (HEK)293(T) cells. However, this approach is not scalable and for commercialisation the development of alternative strategies based on suspension-adapted producer cell lines, that have all genes for vector production stably integrated, is desired. To assist progress in this area, the aim of this thesis was to establish a microscale cell culture platform that enables key bioprocess design data to be acquired rapidly and cost-effectively. ProSavin®, an equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV)-derived lentiviral vector developed for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (Palfi et al., 2014) was used as a model system. First, the suitability of a shaken 24-well plate system for the suspension culture of HEK293T-derived producer cells was established. This system was shown to support equivalent cell growth and ProSavin® titres to conventional shake flasks while providing substantially greater opportunity for parallelisation. Second, the utility of the microscale platform when combined with statistical Design of Experiments (DoE) techniques for optimising titres and informing the design of a scale-up strategy was demonstrated. An initial screening experiment identified three parameters as having a critical influence on ProSavin® titres, which were post-induction period, liquid fill volume and concentration of doxycycline (inducer compound). Subsequent optimisation experiments defined operating ranges for these parameters. Third, the insights obtained during the microwell investigations were shown to aid successful scale-up of the ProSavin® process to a single-use 2 L WAVE bioreactor. Fourth, with a view to informing further improvements in process design, the half-life of ProSavin® and other EIAV-based lentiviral vectors was determined, and approaches to moderate the rate of decay during upstream processing trialled. Overall, it was concluded that the microwell platform may be viewed as an effective tool for future use in the development of lentiviral vector bioprocesses.
PERFORMANCE OF REHABILITATED LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS UNDER WET AND HEATED MODEL MOBILE LOAD SIMULATOR TRAFFICKING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH THE TXMLS

One-third-scale Model Mobile Load Simulator Mk3 (MMLS3) tests were conducted on US 281 in Jacksboro, Texas, adjacent to the full-scale Texas Mobile Load Simulator (TxMLS). The objectives were to investigate the moisture susceptibility and relative performance of the recently constructed Dustrol and Remixer rehabilitation surface layers and to compare rutting caused by the MMLS3 to rutting caused by the TxMLS. MMLS3 trafficking was conducted under hot (50 deg C measured at 25 mm pavement depth) and wet (30 deg C measured at 25 mm pavement depth) conditions. The hot tests were run on the surface and a milled pad on both the north- and southbound lanes of the test site. The wet tests were run only on one milled pad in the north- and southbound carriageways. A total of 1.22 million MMLS3 axle loads were applied to the six test pads. Nondestructive stiffness measurements with the portable seismic pavement analyzer (PSPA) and seismic analysis of surface waves (SASW) devices were also performed intermittently during MMLS3 testing. A variety of laboratory tests -- volumetrics, moisture sensitivity, shear, indirect tensile strength and fatigue, and semicircular bending -- were also performed. From the results the relative susceptibility of Dustrol, Remixer, and the in-situ lightweight aggregate asphalt concrete layers to water damage could be determined, with the latter proving the most vulnerable. The MMLS3 and TxMLS deformations in the upper 90 mm surface layers correlated very well in terms of the respective stresses imposed by the two APT devices, after allowing for the difference in environmental conditions during trafficking.
Predicting flow intermittence in France under climate change

ABSTRACT As climate changes, perennial headwater streams could become intermittent and intermittent rivers could dry more often due to more severe droughts. A modelling framework supported by field observations was applied to assess the probability of drying in headwaters at the regional scale (P D) under climate change. Empirical relationships between severity of low flows and observed proportions of no-flow states have been calibrated for 22 hydro-ecoregions under present conditions. These relationships were applied using daily discharge data on a large set of gauging stations simulated by the Modèle du Génie Rural à 6 paramètres Journalier (GR6J) hydrological model under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios. The results suggest a more contrasting spatial pattern in the future than under current conditions. Noteworthy changes include increases in drying extent and duration, particularly in regions with historically high probabilities of drying and changes in seasonality in Alpine regions. Aquatic ecosystems will experience unprecedented hydrological conditions, which might lead to losses of ecosystem functions.
Sulfur in Wines and Vineyards: Taste and Comparative Toxicity to Pesticides

Vines are among the crop plants that are the most heavily treated with pesticides. They may also be treated mainly with copper (Cu) and sulfur (S), which are commonly used in organic cultures instead of chemical pesticides but at lower doses. However, in common with synthetic pesticides, Cu or S may also contain petroleum residues in formulations marketed mainly for non-organic treatments. We have already reviewed the taste and toxicity of pesticides and Cu in vineyards and wines. As a part of this trilogy, in this paper we summarize data on the taste and potential toxicity of sulfur in wines, as well as on its use and role. We underline here that it is protective for life at physiological levels, is produced at low levels by yeasts and raisins, and is toxic by saturation of the capacity of biological processes. Sulfur is used in many forms, including mineral forms, and sulfur dioxide or sulfates in vineyards, and for instance sulfites, such as salts like potassium metabisulfite, in wines. Used at high levels (up to 450 mg/L is authorized in some countries in wines), sulfites become major fungicides and bactericides. They kill microorganisms, for instance those that do not have sulfite oxidase. Sulfites and Cu salts are also authorized for use, differently and in general to a lesser extent in organic wines. Today, S is the major additive in different forms in wines. Here we characterize the taste of sulfite additives and the sensations that they evoke in volunteer tasters in comparison to the literature, to complete the comparative data. In the experiments, we tested sulfite additives in water and wines at similar levels. We also compared them with synthetic pesticides and Cu. Sulfites are irritants from 10-30 mg/L in water. Tasters were able to detect sulfites in a wine spiked in a blinded manner to a level of 30-90 mg/L. This was found to clearly modify the taste of wine. Sulfites at high levels break the complexity of nose and mouth sensations, according to specialists, especially for red wine. They dry and acidify the tastes of wines. As for Cu, natural sulfites cannot be considered as comparable to the petroleum-derived synthetic pesticides present in non-organic wines from any point of view. By contrast, high levels of sulfites do have grossly acute effects comparable to those of synthetic pesticides, taste-wise and toxicity-wise; however, the classical chemical pesticides have more chronic toxic effects. We were able to differentiate Cu and S toxicity levels in organic and non-organic treatments, due to the combined effects of petroleum derivatives in formulations in the latter case. The environmental impact of high sulfur treatments in non-organic vineyards and wines today appears to affect biodiversity, drinkability, taste, and health. Some tastes of Cu, S, or chemical pesticides may have been previously attributed to other characteristics of wines. The chronic toxicity of chemical pesticides is not negligible in comparison to that of alcohol, it could enhance its effect. Finally, taste could serve as a toxicity detector in wine.
Comparison of Conventional and Bayesian Analysis for the Ultrasonic Characterization of Cancellous Bone

OF THE DISSERTATION Comparison of Conventional and Bayesian Analysis for the Ultrasonic Characterization of Cancellous Bone by Amber Mae Groopman Doctor of Philosophy in Physics Washington University in St. Louis, 2014 Professor James G. Miller, Chair This dissertation investigates the physics underlying the propagation of ultrasonic waves in cancellous bone. Although quantitative ultrasound has the potential to evaluate bone quality even better than the current gold standard X-ray based modality, its clinical utility has been hampered by the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms governing the interaction between ultrasound and bone. Therefore, studies that extend the understanding of the fundamental physics of the relationship between ultrasound and trabecular bone tissue may result in improved clinical capabilities. Ultrasonic measurements were carried out on excised human calcaneal specimens in order to study the effects of overlapping fast and slow compressional mode waves on the ultrasonic parameters of attenuation and velocity. Conventional analysis methods were applied to received sample signals that appeared to contain only a single wave mode. The same signals were also analyzed using a Bayesian parameter estimation technique that showed that the signals, which appeared to be only a single wave, could be separated into fast and slow wave components. Results demonstrated that analyzing the data under the assumption that only a single wave mode is present, instead of two interfering waves, yielded a phase velocity that lay between the fast and slow wave velocities and a broadband ultrasound attenuation that was much larger than the ultrasound attenuations of the individual fast and slow waves. xxvi
Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi utang luar negeri Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to (1) see the description of Indonesia's foreign debt, saving-investment gap, current account balance, and the budget deficit for the period 1990-2016. (2) analyze the effect of the saving-investment gap, current account balance, and budget deficit on Indonesia's foreign debt. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative analysis with multiple regression model analysis using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The results of this research are the average development of Indonesia's foreign debt is 6.21 percent, the Saving-Investment gap is 12.47 percent, the current account balance is 394.19 percent, and the budget deficit is 60.91 percent. Based on the analysis results, the Saving-Investment gap and budget deficit have a positive and significant effect on foreign debt. In contrast, the current account balance has a negative and insignificant effect on foreign debt, with a coefficient of determination of 85.52 percent. Keywords: Foreign debt, Saving-investment gap, Current account, Budget deficit
ANALYSIS OF TRACK SUPPORT AND DETERMINATION OF TRACK MODULUS

A design methodology that uses an approach similar to that outlined in the American Railway Engineering Association Manual for Railway Engineering for calculating the stresses below crossties of conventional railway tracks is presented. There is discussion of the practical effects of track modulus variability and its possible optimization from the point of view of both static and dynamic loading with particular reference to ballast and subgrade stress levels. These stresses are then used to estimate track deformation. Track deformation may then be used to calculate a conventional track modulus. With such a technique it is possible to calculate the effects of ballast depth variability and compressibility of crossties on track response.
Method Validation in Pharmaceutical Analysis : A Guide to Best Practice

Preface.List of Contributors.Part I: Fundamentals of Validation in Pharmaceutical Analysis.1 Analytical Validation within the Pharmaceutical Environment (Joachim Ermer). 2 Performance Parameters, Calculations and Tests.3 Case Study: Validation of an HPLC-Method for Identity, Assay, and Related Impurities (Gerd Kleinschmidt). Part II: Life-cycle Approach to Analytical Validation.4 Qualification of Analytical Equipment (David Rudd). 5 Validation During Drug Product Development - Considerations as a Function of the Stage of Drug Development (Martin Bloch). 6 Acceptance Criteria and Analytical Variability (Hermann Watzig). 7 Transfer of Analytical Procedures (Mark Broughton and Joachim Ermer (Section 7.3)). 8 Validation of Pharmacopoeial Methods (John H. McB. Miller). 9 Analytical Procedures in a Quality Control Environment (Raymond A. Cox). 10 Aberrant or Atypical Results (Christopher Burgess). 11 Future Trends in Analytical Method Validation (David Rudd). Index.
A strategic repositioning algorithm for bicycle-sharing schemes

The presence of enough bicycles and free docking points to satisfy user demands in stations is a known operational issue in bicycle-sharing schemes. Empty and full stations in such systems are equally undesirable and disruptive for the operation of the network, since the former turn away potential users while the latter could not be used to terminate bicycle journeys. Repositioning practices have been used in the past to address this situation with partial success. This paper introduces a new planning approach for such activities, addressing both routing and assignment aspects of bicycle repositioning using a fleet of carrier vehicles. A case study on bicycle usage patterns from a large bicycle-sharing scheme is carried out; examples are also provided that demonstrate the behaviour of the algorithm. Implementation concerns and means to improve computational performance are also discussed.
PL1.1 CDKN2A homozygous deletion is a strong adverse prognosis factor in diffuse malignant IDHmutant gliomas

The 2016 WHO classification of the central nervous system tumors stratifies diffuse adult gliomas into three major groups depending on the presence or absence of two main genetic alterations: IDH mutation and 1p/19q-codeletion. However, the grading system initially based on histological criteria remains unchanged and it is now controversial whether it can be still applied to this updated molecular classification. Therefore, in a large cohort of 911 high grade IDH-mutant gliomas from the French national POLA network, we investigated the prognostic value of pathological criteria (mitoses, microvascular proliferation and necrosis) as well as CDKN2A gene homozygous deletion, with the aim to highlight a new grading approach for these tumors. We analyzed 212 anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), IDH-mutant, 216 glioblastoma (GB), IDH-mutant and 483 anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO), IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted. In this series, the 2016 WHO integrated diagnosis was of prognostic value for progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (p<0.0001 for both). CDKN2A homozygous deletion was associated with worse outcome among gliomas lacking 1p/19q-codeletion (p<0.0001 for PFS and p=0.004 for OS) as well as among AO, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted (p=0.002 for PFS and p<0.0001 for OS). In both groups, the presence of microvascular proliferation and/or necrosis remained of prognostic value only in cases lacking CDKN2A homozygous deletion, whereas its prognostic value was lost in the subgroup of gliomas presenting with CDKN2A homozygous deletion. Thereby, our study pointed out the utmost relevance of CDKN2A homozygous deletion as an adverse prognostic factor in the two broad categories of IDH-mutant gliomas stratified on 1p/19q-codeletion as well as the prognostic relevance of microvascular proliferation (associated or not to necrosis) among tumors lacking this alteration. We believe that these prognostic factors could be of great interest for a future grading approach of IDH-mutant gliomas.
COAL-BASED SYNTHETIC ASPHALT: OXIDATIVE AGING AND TESTING OF COMPACTED BITUMINOUS MIXTURES

An asphalt binder material, functionally equivalent to petroleum asphalt, has been produced by catalytic hydroliquefaction of coal. The synthetic coal-based asphalt, with approximately 3 percent polymer additive, meets all ASTM and AASHTO specifications for asphalt paving cements, with the exception of the optional thin-film oven test weight loss specification. Age hardening of the coal-based asphalt is primarily due to air oxidation rather than volatilization or polymerization. Marshall stability and immersion-compression testing show that the polymer-modified, coal-based asphalt produces compacted mixtures with good moisture resistance and high compressive strength compared with those of control samples prepared with petroleum asphalt of the same viscosity grade.
Experimental and Analytical Study of the XY-Friction Pendulum (XY-FP) Bearing for Bridge Applications

The XY-FP Friction Pendulum (XY-FP) bearing is a modified Friction Pendulum (FP) bearing that consists of two perpendicular steel rails with opposing concave surfaces and a connector. The connector intends to resist tensile forces and to provide both independent sliding in the isolator’s principal directions and free-rotation capacity. Numerical and experimental studies on an XY-FP isolated truss-bridge model were conducted to study both the response under three-directional excitations and applications to bridges. An XY-FP isolated truss-bridge model was tested on a pair of earthquake simulators using harmonic and near-field earthquake histories. The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the XY-FP bearings as an uplift-prevention isolation system. The construction detail of the small-scale connector of the XY-FP bearings and misalignment of the isolators on the test fixture did not permit fully uncoupled orthogonal responses. Numerical analyses on an XY-FP isolated bridge with different isolation periods in the principal directions subjected to near-field ground motions demonstrated the effectiveness of the XY-FP bearings to limit displacements in either the longitudinal or the transverse direction. Numerical analyses that investigated the sensitivity of the XY-FP isolation system response to differences in the bearings’ coefficients of friction demonstrated that bounding analysis using uniform upper and lower estimates of the coefficient of friction will generally provide conservative estimates of displacements and shear forces for isolation systems with non-uniform isolator properties.
Measuring and Developing a Control Strategy for Odorous Gases from Solids Handling Processes of a Large Wastewater Treatment Plant

Title of Thesis: MEASURING AND DEVELOPING A CONTROL STRATEGY FOR ODOROUS GASES FROM SOLIDS HANDLING PROCESSES OF A LARGE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT. Susana Carolina Arispe, M.S., 2005 Thesis Directed By: Professor Alba Torrents Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Odor is the biggest concern and restraint in wastewater and similar industries. A solid-phase microextraction technique was applied to analyze several predetermined odorants. A carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane fiber was used for the analysis of an amine, and several sulfur compounds, and a polyacrylate fiber for the analysis of predetermined volatile fatty acids. Calibration curves were developed within the ranges 0.0004 and 2.9943 ppmv for sulfides and 0.0228 and 2.3309 ppmv for fatty acids and showed R greater than 0.99 . A one year study of the odorants and operation parameters was carried out in a large wastewater treatment plant to develop a correlation between odorants and sludge characteristics to determine factors controlling odor production. Methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide showed highest odor indexes meaning higher human perception. A correlation was found between ORP and sulfides. The DAF thickened sludge and the blended sludge had the highest odor indexes and the lowest ORP’s measured. MEASURING AND DEVELOPING A CONTROL STRATEGY FOR ODOROUS GASES FROM SOLIDS HANDLING PROCESSES AT A LARGE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
A Carbon Dioxide Comparison of Open Cut and Pipe Bursting

This study focuses on the environmental aspect of the underground utility construction methods namely open-cut and pipe-bursting. The research is aimed at determining the CO2 emission due to the use of construction machinery as well as the excess CO2 emission due to the obstruction to traffic during the construction process. A Gravity sewer project in Bowling Green, OH was used as a case study. Open-cut method was implemented on this project and for the purpose of this research the pipe-bursting method was simulated. A 5100 feet long, 8 inches diameter pipeline was considered at a depth of 10 feet and all the calculations were based on these measurements for both these methods. All the real life data was collected from the construction project and the site & management factors as well as the load factors were applied in order to come up with practical CO2 emission calculations for construction machinery. Various traffic control plans were taken into consideration and pre-established formulas were applied to the traffic data in order to derive the excess CO2 emission for the traffic. The outcome of this study indicated that pipe-bursting results in 68% less CO2 emission due to traffic disruption and 73.4% less CO2 emission due to use of construction machinery as compared to the open-cut method. The total reduced CO2 by implementation of pipe-bursting method was found to be 72.6%. Thus, it was concluded that this drastic reduction in the CO2 emission due to pipe-bursting method was mainly because of lesser excavation, shorter job duration and lesser traffic disruption.