Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF SOME HEAVY METAL COMBINATIONS ON GROWTH AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOME ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS COMMON IN EGYPT N o 1. HOP

A study was undertaken during 2019/20 and 2020/21 seasons to reveal the impact of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) in combinations at various concentrations on the survival, growth, and chemical composition of Dodonaea viscasa L. seedlings after two periods of growth (PG): 6- and 18-months from planting. The interaction effect was also studied. The results indicated that survival % was 100% under the different sole or combined treatments, but the mean values of vegetative and root growth traits were gradually decreased with few exceptions as the concentrations of heavy metals were increased to reach minimum by the T4 combination. Elongating growth period up to 18 months significantly improved growth relative to that measured after 6 months. Hence, combining between planting in either unpolluted or polluted mixture with T1 combination and a growing period of 18 months gave the best growth. The gradual increment in HMs concentrations was accompanied by a gradual decrement in pollution resistance index (PRI) percentages, which were higher than 66% at the highest HMs concentrations indicating its high ability to withstand HMs toxicity. Different responses were observed regarding the chemical composition of the leaves and roots. Accordingly, Dodonaea viscosa L. plant can be used as a good phytoremediator.
A classification of aperiodic order via spectral metrics and Jarník sets

Given an $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}>1$ and a $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ with unbounded continued fraction entries, we characterize new relations between Sturmian subshifts with slope $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ with respect to (i) an $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ -Hölder regularity condition of a spectral metric, (ii) level sets defined in terms of the Diophantine properties of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ , and (iii) complexity notions which we call $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ -repetitiveness, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ -repulsiveness and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ -finiteness—generalizations of the properties known as linear repetitiveness, repulsiveness and power freeness, respectively. We show that the level sets relate naturally to (exact) Jarník sets and prove that their Hausdorff dimension is $2/(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}+1)$ .
Parental Knowledge about Allergies and Problems with an Elimination Diet in Children Aged 3 to 6 Years

Allergic diseases are highly prevalent, and they can exert a significant influence on the patients’ physical and mental well-being, thus affecting the quality of their lives and society as a whole. The aim of this study was to evaluate parental knowledge about allergens, allergy symptoms, and treatment of allergies, and to identify problems with adherence to an elimination diet and the underlying difficulties. Twelve kindergartens and the parents of 1350 preschoolers took part in the first stage of the study. In a screening trial, allergies were diagnosed in 197 children, and their parents participated in the second stage of the study. The child’s age at the onset of the first symptoms was significantly correlated with allergy type. Age was significantly correlated with selected symptoms of an allergic reaction, and skin allergies were more prevalent in younger children. Erythema, skin reddening, and urticaria occurred more frequently in children aged 3–4 years (OR 1.45; 95%CI 1.24–1.77, p < 0.05) and were diagnosed in skin tests (OR 1.36; 95%CI 1.22–1.59, p < 0.05). Allergies to numerous food items were associated with a long-term elimination diet (OR 1.89; 95%CI 1.33–2.19, p < 0.01), as well as problems with preparing safe meals, shopping for food, or dietary adherence when eating out. According to the respondents, lack of support from other family members and compliance with dietary restrictions in kindergartens and when eating out posed the greatest barriers to dietary adherence. Parents do not have sufficient knowledge about environmental allergens and effective strategies for coping with acute allergic reactions, including anaphylactic shock. Children with diagnosed food allergies should enjoy a similar quality of life to their healthy peers, which is why the parents should be educated about diet therapy, duration of treatment, and safe food substitutes.
Sectoral patterns of collaborative tie formation

The literature on sectoral systems of innovation evidences the crucial importance of sectoral specificities in innovation. Also, the proximity framework enables the exploration and analysis of how various actors establish collaborative ties. However, there has not yet been much cross-fertilization between the proximity literature and sectoral systems of innovation. First, we conceptually integrate the proximity literature into sectoral studies by underlining the differences and commonalities across sectors. Second, we use a dataset of research and development (R&D) projects subsidized by the Research Council of Norway (RCN) between 2005 and 2016 to analyze the impact of geographical and cognitive proximities on collaborative tie formation in four Norwegian sectors (biotech, oil and gas, marine, and maritime). The results indicate that cognitive proximity and colocation in large cities are positively related to the creation of collaborative ties across all sectors. Yet, the joint effects of cognitive proximity and colocation in large cities vary across sectors and seem to be correlated with the complexity of sector-specific technologies.
The augmented operator of a surjective partial differential operator with constant coefficients need not be surjective

For d⩾3 we give an example of a constant coefficient surjective differential operator P(D):풟′(X)→풟′(X) over some open subset X⊂ℝd such that P+(D):풟′(X×ℝ)→풟′(X×ℝ) is not surjective, where P+(x1, …, xd+1)≔P(x1, …, xd). This answers Problem 9.1 posed by Bonet and Domański (‘Parameter dependence of solutions of differential equations on spaces of distributions and the splitting of short exact sequences’, J. Funct. Anal. 230 (2006) 329–381) in the negative.
Plagiarism is an ambient tool for Current Globalisation in Indian Higher Educational Institutions- A case study

: The plagiarism is a scourge that needs to be eradicated globally. Nationwide higher education institutions have incepted anti-plagiarism policy in place to prevent the theft of someone else's ideas or works. According to a cloud force analysis (67%) of global thieves have engaged in direct or indirect plagiarism through stitching sources, bluffing, patchwork or whitener, paraphrasing and self plagiarism as a result of these unauthorised falsification lead to different causes like academic dishonesty, family issues, a heavy workload and lack of training etc . In the present situation, plagiarism has devastating long-term ramifications that call for global scientific attention. The current study makes an effort to fill this knowledge vacuum by examining how faculty members and researchers perceive to use plagiarism. At a few HEIs in India, a deep survey was carried out, the data was collected using a Likert scale (0–5) and pretested questionnaires. Hypothesis was tested using receiver operating characteristic analysis and artificial neural network models (ANNs). According to the findings, plagiarism was widely employed by assistant professors and young researchers (AUC = 0.881). Majority of faculty members and researchers swedge for using softwares (AUC = 0.69) they had poor technical writing skills (AUC =0.83). Another hindrance to plagiarism is lower level of institutional monetary (AUC=0.88) supports. According to the study's conclusion, a national strategy should be strengthened with stringent guidelines for institutional mechanisms to adopt in order to combat the plagiarism epidemic. The study's results help us understand and develop the HEI educational policies.
Auditor reputation, client IPOs, and audit firm data breaches

: A foundational theory of auditing is the role that the auditor’s reputation plays in both the conduct of audits and stakeholder perceptions of financial information. Prior research documents that auditor reputation is value enhancing in the IPO setting. However, the primary measure of reputation in these studies is audit firm size, which also proxies for resources, competencies, audit quality, and litigation risk. Therefore, it is difficult to identify whether auditor reputation has value independent of these attributes. We exploit cybersecurity breaches at Big 4 audit firms as exogenous shocks to the audit firm’s reputation because breaches occur randomly (exogenously) across time and within firms, and are unrelated to the underlying audit quality. We find that a data breach of an audit firm in the 90 days prior to a client’s IPO is associated with economically meaningful reduced demand for IPO shares as measured by offer price revisions. This effect is mitigated in IPOs backed by venture capitalists or high-quality underwriters. The effect is magnified by the severity and saliency of the breach. We also find that a breach is positively associated with subsequent bid-ask spreads and price volatility, suggesting that the market response to the breach persists until additional information is revealed about the IPO firm. Collectively, our evidence suggests that auditor reputation has value independent of auditor size and competency.
EVIDENCE FOR EARLY FILAMENTARY ACCRETION FROM THE ANDROMEDA GALAXY’S THIN PLANE OF SATELLITES

Recently it has been shown that a large fraction of the dwarf satellite galaxies orbiting the Andromeda galaxy are surprisingly aligned in a thin, extended, and kinematically coherent planar structure. The presence of such a structure seems to challenge the current Cold Dark Matter paradigm of structure formation, which predicts a more uniform distribution of satellites around central objects. We show that it is possible to obtain a thin, extended, rotating plane of satellites resembling the one in Andromeda in cosmological collisionless simulations based on the Cold Dark Matter model. Our new high-resolution simulations show a correlation between the formation time of the dark matter halo and the thickness of the plane of satellites. Our simulations have a high incidence of satellite planes as thin, extended, and as rich as the one in Andromeda and with a very coherent kinematic structure when we select high concentration/early forming halos. By tracking the formation of the satellites in the plane we show that they have mainly been accreted onto the main object along thin dark matter filaments at high redshift. Our results show that the presence of a thin, extended, rotating plane of satellites is not a challenge for the Cold Dark Matter paradigm, but actually supports one of the predictions of this paradigm related to the presence of filaments of dark matter around galaxies at high redshift.
Self-organized criticality in a discrete model for Smoluchowski's equation

We study a discrete model of coagulation, involving a large number $N$ of particles. Pairs of particles are given i.i. d exponential clocks with parameter $1/N$. When a clock rings, a link between the corresponding pair of particles is created only if its two ends belong to small clusters, i.e. of size less than $\alpha(N)$, with $1 \ll \alpha(N) \ll N$. The concentrations of clusters of size $m$ in this model are known to converge as $N \to \infty$ to the solution to Smoluchowski's equation with a multiplicative kernel. Under the additional assumption $N^{2/3} \log^{\gamma}(N) \le \alpha(N)$, for some $\gamma > 1/3$, we study finer asymptotic properties of this model, namely the combinatorial structure of the graph consisting of small clusters. We prove that this graph is essentially an Erdos-Renyi random graph, which is subcritical before time 1, and remains critical after time 1. In particular, we show that our model exhibits self-organized criticality at a microscopic level: the limiting distribution of a typical finite cluster is that of a critical Galton-Watson tree. Our approach allows in particular to verify, under our additional assumption, a conjecture of Aldous.
Variational structure of the $v_{\frac{n}{2}}$-Yamabe problem

We define a new formal Riemannian metric on a conformal class in the context of the $v_{\frac{n}{2}}$-Yamabe problem. Our construction leads to a new variational characterization and a new parabolic flow approach to this problem. Moreover, this variational framework suggests that solutions to this problem are unique in a given conformal class.
The Effect of the Brexit Vote on the Variation in Race and Religious Hate Crimes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland

This paper examines possible mechanisms behind the spike in racially or religiously-aggravated (RR) offences after the Brexit vote. It adds to the current literature in five significant ways: (1) it provides the first Brexit-related RR hate crime comparison between England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland; (2) it reports on results from a national-level panel model that adds to the debate in the literature on whether pro-leave or pro-remain areas saw greater increases hate crimes; (3) it assesses the role of demographic characterises on the variation in hate crime; (4) it compares the effect of the vote with other ‘trigger events’; and (5) it uses social media data to control for variation in hate crime victim and witness reporting.
Impact of lecturers’ emotional intelligence on students’ learning and engagement in remote learning spaces: A cross-cultural study

Higher education institutions have recently transitioned from face-to-face to online teaching and learning environments. However, academic staff lack sufficient training in applying emotional intelligence (EI) skills and strategies in online learning environments. Although literature addressing academics’ EI is sparse, some studies have suggested that lecturers’ EI greatly influences teaching and learning. This study used the concept of EI to understand students’ perceptions of how lecturers’ EI impacted their learning and engagement in an online learning environment. We conducted four online focus group interviews of 14 students pursuing a bachelor’s degree at two campuses of an Australian university, one in Melbourne and the other in Malaysia. Four main themes were identified using thematic analysis. Students discussed their perceptions and experiences on (a) vulnerabilities, coping and empathy; (b) relationships with lecturers, trust and safety; (c) communication, tone and voice; and (d) managing emotions of lecturers. Our findings suggest that lecturers’ EI impacted students’ learning and engagement in online learning spaces. However, the impact differs between Australia and Malaysia due to cultural differences. Drawing on the findings, we present online education good practices grounded in the theory of EI. Lecturers delivering online courses should consider employing these practices for effective teaching. Implications for practice or policy: Higher educational institutions need to support lecturers in developing the necessary EI skills to engage students in online learning. Lecturers need to make meaningful attempts to develop positive relationships with students in online forums to support students’ engagement. Lecturers working in online learning environments need to support students to develop friendships and connections with their peers. Lecturers need to include regular discussion breaks during online lectures to allow students to share their opinions and experiences.
Variation for the Riesz transform and uniform rectifiability

For 0 2, we prove that an n-dimensional Ahlfors-David regular measure M in R^d is uniformly n-rectifiable if and only if the r-variation for the Riesz transform with respect to M is a bounded operator in L^2(M). This result can be considered as a partial solution to a well known open problem posed by G. David and S. Semmes which relates the L^2(M) boundedness of the Riesz transform to the uniform rectifiability of M.
Vulnerability Analysis of Power Systems

Potential vulnerabilities in a power grid can be exposed by identifying those transmission lines on which attacks (in the form of interference with their transmission capabilities) causes maximum disruption to the grid. In this study, we model the grid by (nonlinear) AC power flow equations, and assume that attacks take the form of increased impedance along transmission lines. We quantify disruption in several different ways, including (a) overall deviation of the voltages at the buses from 1.0 per unit (p.u.), and (b) the minimal amount of load that must be shed in order to restore the grid to stable operation. We describe optimization formulations of the problem of finding the most disruptive attack, which are either nonlinear programing problems or nonlinear bilevel optimization problems, and describe customized algorithms for solving these problems. Experimental results on the IEEE 118-Bus system and a Polish 2383-Bus system are presented.
Scaling window for mean-field percolation of averages

For a complete graph of size $n$, assign each edge an i.i. d. exponential variable with mean $n$. For $\lambda>0$, consider the length of the longest path whose average weight is at most $\lambda$. It was shown by Aldous (1998) that the length is of order $\log n$ for $\lambda 1/\mathrm{e}$. Aldous (2003) posed the question on detailed behavior at and near criticality $1/\mathrm{e}$. In particular, Aldous asked whether there exist scaling exponents $\mu, \nu$ such that for $\lambda$ within $1/\mathrm{e}$ of order $n^{-\mu}$, the length for the longest path of average weight at most $\lambda$ has order $n^\nu$. We answer this question by showing that the critical behavior is far richer: For $\lambda$ around $1/\mathrm{e}$ within a window of $\alpha(\log n)^{-2}$ with a small absolute constant $\alpha>0$, the longest path is of order $(\log n)^3$. Furthermore, for $\lambda \geq 1/\mathrm{e} + \beta (\log n)^{-2}$ with $\beta$ a large absolute constant, the longest path is at least of length a polynomial in $n$. An interesting consequence of our result is the existence of a second transition point in $1/\mathrm{e} + [\alpha (\log n)^{-2}, \beta (\log n)^{-2}]$. In addition, we demonstrate a smooth transition from subcritical to critical regime. Our results were not known before even in a heuristic sense.
Virtual billiards in pseudo-Euclidean spaces: discrete Hamiltonian and contact integrability

The aim of the paper is to unify the efforts in the study of integrable billiards within quadrics in flat and curved spaces and to explore further the interplay of symplectic and contact integrability. As a starting point in this direction, we consider virtual billiard dynamics within quadrics in pseudo--Euclidean spaces. In contrast to the usual billiards, the incoming velocity and the velocity after the billiard reflection can be at opposite sides of the tangent plane at the reflection point. In the symmetric case we prove noncommutative integrability of the system and give a geometrical interpretation of integrals, an analog of the classical Chasles and Poncelet theorems and we show that the virtual billiard dynamics provides a natural framework in the study of billiards within quadrics in projective spaces, in particular of billiards within ellipsoids on the sphere $\mathbb S^{n-1}$ and the Lobachevsky space $\mathbb H^{n-1}$.
Thin Position for 4-manifolds

Motivated by M. Scharlemann and A. Thompson's definition of thin position of 3-manifolds, we define the width of a Kirby diagram and introduce the notion of thin position of a compact smooth $4-$manifold with connected boundary. We determine all manifolds having width equal to $\{1,\dots, 1\}$, and give a relation between the width of $M$ and its double $M\cup_{id_\partial} \overline M$. In particular, we describe how to obtain genus $2g+2$ and $g+2$ trisection diagrams for sphere bundles over orientable and non-orientable surfaces of genus $g$, respectively. By last, we study the problem of describing relative handlebodies as 2-fold covers of 4-space branched along knotted surfaces from the width perspective.
Artificial neural network applied to reported dengue cases in Maceió – Alagoas

Dengue is one of the serious public health problems worldwide. The Northeast of Brazil (NEB) has an ideal climate and urban environment for the proliferation of the Aedes mosquito ( aegypti and albopictus ), the vector of the disease. The State of Alagoas, especially its capital, has frequent epidemics of the disease. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in reported cases of dengue (CND) in the administrative regions (AR) of Maceió. The RAs are divided into: AR1, AR2, AR3, AR4, AR5, AR6, AR7 and AR8. The CND were submitted to ANN nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) – (ANN-NAR). The study period was 2011 to 2020. The results obtained from the CND stood out in specific years (2012, 2013, 2017, 2018 and 2020), on the other hand, there were overestimations of the forecasts via ANN. In some ARs there was underreporting and, therefore, it interfered with the forecasts results. The ANN-NAR was validated, as most of the predictions showed a positive correlation and responded to the observed data, except for the ARs with underreporting. The use of ANN is suitable for warning and disease prediction, where such an instrument can be used in preventive actions to control the disease.
Algebraic and topological properties of big mapping class groups

Let $S$ be an orientable, connected surface with infinitely-generated fundamental group. The main theorem states that if the genus of $S$ is finite and at least 4, then the isomorphism type of the pure mapping class group associated to $S$, denoted $\mathrm{PMap}(S)$, detects the homeomorphism type of $S$. As a corollary, every automorphism of $\mathrm{PMap}(S)$ is induced by a homeomorphism, which extends a theorem of Ivanov from the finite-type setting. In the process of proving these results, we show that $\mathrm{PMap}(S)$ is residually finite if and only if $S$ has finite genus, demonstrating that the algebraic structure of $\mathrm{PMap}(S)$ can distinguish finite- and infinite-genus surfaces. As an independent result, we also show that $\mathrm{Map}(S)$ fails to be residually finite for any infinite-type surface $S$. In addition, we give a topological generating set for $\mathrm{PMap}(S)$ equipped with the compact-open topology. In particular, if $S$ has at most one end accumulated by genus, then $\mathrm{PMap}(S)$ is topologically generated by Dehn twists, otherwise the Dehn twists along with handle shifts topologically generate.