Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Infant Hydrocephalus Outcomes in Uganda: A Longitudinal Prospective Study Protocol for Predicting Developmental Outcomes and Identifying Patients at Risk for Early Treatment Failure after ETV/CPC

Infant hydrocephalus poses a severe global health burden; 80% of cases occur in the developing world where patients have limited access to neurosurgical care. Surgical treatment combining endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC), first practiced at CURE Children’s Hospital of Uganda (CCHU), is as effective as standard ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement while requiring fewer resources and less post-operative care. Although treatment focuses on controlling ventricle size, this has little association with treatment failure or long-term outcome. This study aims to monitor the progression of hydrocephalus and treatment response, and investigate the association between cerebral physiology, brain growth, and neurodevelopmental outcomes following surgery. We will enroll 300 infants admitted to CCHU for treatment. All patients will receive pre/post-operative measurements of cerebral tissue oxygenation (SO2), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) using frequency-domain near-infrared combined with diffuse correlation spectroscopies (FDNIRS-DCS). Infants will also receive brain imaging, to monitor tissue/ventricle volume, and neurodevelopmental assessments until two years of age. This study will provide a foundation for implementing cerebral physiological monitoring to establish evidence-based guidelines for hydrocephalus treatment. This paper outlines the protocol, clinical workflow, data management, and analysis plan of this international, multi-center trial.
Hardness vs Randomness, Revised: Uniform, Non-Black-Box, and Instance-Wise

We propose a new approach to the hardness-to-randomness framework and to the $promise-\mathcal{BPP}\ = promise-\mathcal{P}$ conjecture. Classical results rely on non-uniform hardness assumptions to construct derandomization algorithms that work in the worst-case, or rely on uniform hardness assumptions to construct derandomization algorithms that work only in the average-case. In both types of results, the derandomization algorithm is “black-box” and uses the standard PRG approach. In this work we present results that closely relate new and natural uniform hardness assumptions to worst-case derandomization of $promise-\mathcal{BPP}$, where the algorithms underlying the latter derandomization are non-black-box. In our main result, we show that $promise-\mathcal{BPP}\ = promise-\mathcal{P}$ if the following holds: There exists a multi-output function computable by logspace-uniform circuits of polynomial size and depth $n^{2}$ that cannot be computed by uniform probabilistic algorithms in time $n^{c}$, for some universal constant $c > 1$, on almost all inputs. The required failure on “almost all inputs” is stronger than the standard requirement of failing on one input of each length; however, the same assumption without the depth restriction on $f$ is necessary for the conclusion. This suggests a potential equivalence between worst-case derandomization of $promise-\mathcal{BPP}$ of any form (i.e., not necessarily by a black-box algorithm) and the existence of efficiently-computable functions that are hard for probabilistic algorithms on almost all inputs. In our second result, we introduce a new and uniform hardness-to-randomness tradeoff for the setting of superfast average-case derandomization: prior to this work, superfast average-case derandomization was known only under non-uniform hardness assumptions. In an extreme instantiation of our new tradeoff, under appealing uniform hardness assumptions, we show that for every polynomial $T(n)$ and constant $\epsilon > 0$ it holds that $\mathcal{BPTIME}[T]\subseteq \mathrm{heur}-\mathcal{DTIME}[T\cdot n^{\epsilon}]$, where the “heur” prefix means that no polynomial-time algorithm can find, with non-negligible probability, an input on which the deterministic simulation errs. Technically, our approach is to design targeted PRGs and HSGs, as introduced by Goldreich (LNCS, 2011). The targeted PRGs/HSGs “produce randomness from the input”, as sug-gested by Goldreich and Wigderson (RANDOM 2002); and their analysis relies on non-black-box versions of the reconstruction procedure of Impagliazzo and Wigderson (FOCS 1998). Our main reconstruction procedure crucially relies on the ideas underlying the proof system of Goldwasser, Kalai, and Rothblum (J. ACM 2015).
The Nexus between Monetary Policy and Commercial Lending Rates: Comprehensive Evidence from Czechia during Different Policy Stances

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the interest rate pass-through in Czechia during different monetary policy stances from April 2005 to February 2020. The results suggest functioning pass-through in the initial stage of transmission, but responsiveness of the money market rate to the official rate differed during different monetary policy settings. The signaling role of the policy rate is important for loan pricing when policy is loosened, and the role of the money market is suppressed. Results also indicate a lowered responsiveness of PRIBOR to shocks in EURIBOR. When focusing on the exchange-rate interventions effect, we cannot confirm any significant impact on loan pricing.
Predictors of Productivity and Leisure for People Aging with Intellectual Disability

Background. Adults aging with intellectual disability (ID) face barriers to engagement in occupation. Greater understanding of factors that affect engagement in work and leisure occupations is required to support occupational engagement in this population. Purpose. Identify predictors of engagement in work and leisure occupations for adults aging with an ID, and consider implications for occupational therapy practice. Method. Data from wave 2 of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (IDS-TILDA) was analyzed using regression analysis to identify predictors of engagement in work and leisure occupations for adults aging with an ID. Findings. Adults who had difficulty getting around their home environment, poor physical health, or older age were less likely to engage in work and leisure activities. Implications. Occupational therapists can support adults aging with ID to age in place. Occupation-focused health promotion could enhance well-being through engagement in occupation.
Advances in Engineered Three-Dimensional (3D) Body Articulation Unit Models

Abstract Indeed, the body articulation units, commonly referred to as body joints, play significant roles in the musculoskeletal system, enabling body flexibility. Nevertheless, these articulation units suffer from several pathological conditions, such as osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis, gout, and psoriatic arthritis. There exist several treatment modalities based on the utilization of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, which can reduce or control the pathophysiological symptoms. Despite the success, these treatment modalities suffer from major shortcomings of enormous cost and poor recovery, limiting their applicability and requiring promising strategies. To address these limitations, several engineering strategies have been emerged as promising solutions in fabricating the body articulation as unit models towards local articulation repair for tissue regeneration and high-throughput screening for drug development. In this article, we present challenges related to the selection of biomaterials (natural and synthetic sources), construction of 3D articulation models (scaffold-free, scaffold-based, and organ-on-a-chip), architectural designs (microfluidics, bioprinting, electrospinning, and biomineralization), and the type of culture conditions (growth factors and active peptides). Then, we emphasize the applicability of these articulation units for emerging biomedical applications of drug screening and tissue repair/regeneration. In conclusion, we put forward the challenges and difficulties for the further clinical application of the in vitro 3D articulation unit models in terms of the long-term high activity of the models.
Applications of Solvable Lie Algebras to a Class of Third Order Equations

A family of third-order partial differential equations (PDEs) is analyzed. This family broadens out well-known PDEs such as the Korteweg-de Vries equation, the Gardner equation, and the Burgers equation, which model many real-world phenomena. Furthermore, several macroscopic models for semiconductors considering quantum effects—for example, models for the transmission of electrical lines and quantum hydrodynamic models—are governed by third-order PDEs of this family. For this family, all point symmetries have been derived. These symmetries are used to determine group-invariant solutions from three-dimensional solvable subgroups of the complete symmetry group, which allow us to reduce the given PDE to a first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE). Finally, exact solutions are obtained by solving the first-order nonlinear ODEs or by taking into account the Type-II hidden symmetries that appear in the reduced second-order ODEs.
Arterial Hypertension—Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Arterial hypertension (AH) is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), leading to dysfunction of many organs, including the heart, blood vessels and kidneys. AH is a multifactorial disease. It has been suggested that the development of each factor is influenced by oxidative stress, which is characterized by a disturbed oxidant-antioxidant balance. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an impaired antioxidant system promote the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED), inflammation and increased vascular contractility, resulting in remodeling of cardiovascular (CV) tissue. The hope for restoring the proper functioning of the vessels is placed on antioxidants, and pharmacological strategies are still being sought to reverse the harmful effects of free radicals. In our review, we focused on the correlation of AH with oxidative stress and inflammation, which are influenced by many factors, such as diet, supplementation and pharmacotherapy. Studies show that the addition of a single dietary component may have a beneficial effect on blood pressure (BP) values; however, the relationship between the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties of individual dietary components and the hypotensive effect is not clear. Moreover, AH pharmacotherapy alleviates the increased oxidative stress, which may help prevent organ damage.
Linked Lives: Does Disability and Marital Quality Influence Risk of Marital Dissolution among Older Couples?

Using fourteen waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a longitudinal panel survey with respondents in the United States, this research explores whether marital quality—as measured by reports of enjoyment of time together—influences risk of divorce or separation when either spouse acquires basic care disability. Discrete-time event history models with multiple competing events were estimated using multinomial logistic regression. Respondents were followed until they experienced the focal event (i.e., divorce or separation) or right-hand censoring (i.e., a competing event or were still married at the end of observation). Disability among wives was predictive of divorce/separation in the main effects model. Low levels of marital quality (i.e., enjoy time together) were associated with marital dissolution. An interaction between marital quality and disability yielded a significant association among couples where at least one spouse acquired basic care disability. For couples who acquired disability, those who reported low enjoyment were more likely to divorce/separate than those with high enjoyment; however, the group with the highest predicted probability were couples with low enjoyment, but no acquired disability.
Evaluation of hearing aid performance in school-aged children with moderately severe to profound hearing loss fitted according to the NAL-NL1 and DSL v5 prescriptive procedures

The National Acoustic Laboratories (NAL) and the Desired Sensation Level (DSL) prescriptive procedures are often cited as the most sustainable, validated procedures and the most common methods used for hearing aid fitting in adults and in children. The overall aim of the present study is to evaluate the relative performance of the two procedures in children. The study focuses on children because they are most likely to rely on hearing aids fitted with techniques based solely on prescriptive approach. Sixteen Malaysian children with moderately severe to profound hearing loss were involved in the study. The children were fitted with the Phonak Naida V SP hearing aids based on the NAL-NL1 and DSL v5 prescriptive procedures. The NAL-NL1 and DSL v5 were the latest versions of the respective prescriptive formulae available at the time when this study was carried out. After hearing aid fitting, an extended period of hearing aid trial was given to each child. The relative performance of the two procedures was assessed using speech tests, paired-comparison judgments of speech intelligibility tests and questionnaires completed by the parents, teachers and the children themselves. The questionnaires used in the study were the Parents’ Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH), the Teachers’ Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (TEACH) and the Self Evaluation of Listening Function (SELF). The questionnaires were adapted into the Malay language. Each child also completed a short diary for them to compare the performance of the two procedures in different listening environments. The results showed a significant difference of performance between the NALNL1 and DSL v5 procedures for sentence test in quiet and for the subjective measures using questionnaires completed by the parents, teachers and children. The study concluded that the required hearing aid gain for children with moderately severe to profound hearing loss would seem to approximate the DSL v5 prescription, at least in quiet listening environments. The findings have important clinical implications for country like Malaysia where many children with severe to profound hearing loss still rely on hearing aids as their primary amplification devices.
Short- and longer-term psychological and behavioral effects of exergaming and traditional aerobic training: A randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare short- and longer-term psychological and behavioral effects of the exergaming (EX-GAME) and traditional group aerobic training (TRAD) on psychological constructs and physical activity adherence. Young adults (n = 55; 18–24 yrs) were randomized to the EX-GAME and TRAD (active control group) training regimens which had identical exercise volume (3/w, 50 min for 6w). The results indicated that EX-GAME was more effective in improving short- and longer-term autonomy satisfaction (F[1, 41] = 6.12, p = .020, ηp 2 = .12) and intrinsic motivation (F[1, 41] = 7.31, p = .009, ηp 2 = .19), but TRAD resulted in greater exercise exertion (t[41] = 5.03, p < .001, d = 1.51), enjoyment (F[1, 41] = 6.27, p = .018, ηp 2 = .13), and relatedness (F[1, 41] = 4.56, p = .032, ηp 2 = .10). TRAD had showed a larger long-term effect on identified regulation (F[1, 41] = 5.10, p = .029, ηp 2 = .11). The results indicated that autonomy is a key agent for a longer-term change, contributing to the positive development of intrinsic motivation (R2 = .45), identified regulation (R2 = .27), and reducing amotivation (R2 = .10). It is noteworthy that interventions did not have longer-term effects on physical activity. The study identified subtle differences between these two training modalities in changing intervention outcomes.
Investigating the Relationship between Governance and Key Processes of the Iran IoT Innovation System

Despite the emergence of unique opportunities for social-industrial growth and development resulting from the use of the Internet of Things (IoT), lack of a well-posed IoT governance will cause serious threats on personal privacy, public safety, industrial security, and dubious data gathering by unauthorized entities. Furthermore, adopting a systemic governance approach, particularly for the IoT innovation system, requires a precise clarification on the concept and scope of IoT governance. In this study, by employing the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, the role of governance in the Iran IoT innovation system is investigated. Contacting respondents across the seven industries, including Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Healthcare, Transportation, Oil and Gas, Energy, Agriculture, and Banking over the course of three months, the authors performed statistical analysis on 319 fulfilled questionnaires using SPPS and Smart PLS software. Findings show that all IoT-related TIS processes have been affected by IoT governance functions. The main result of this study is the proposition of particular governance functions, including policy-making, regulation, facilitation, and service provision with more notable impact on the indicators of the key processes in the IoT-based TIS.
Painful lives: Understanding self-harm amongst care-experienced women in prison

Self-harm incidents in custody in England and Wales recently reached a record high, increasing particularly in women’s establishments. This article explores experiences of self-harm by drawing on interviews with care-experienced women in prison in England. Using prior care experience as the underlying thread enables us to explore this topic through a different lens. Considering the functions of self-harm that women described, including the communication, alleviation and ending of pain, highlights the painful lives of those experiencing both state care and control institutions. This reveals that women have often been failed across different systems, sometimes with devastating consequences. Urgent attention must be paid to the system failures affecting those previously deemed by the state to require welfare and protection.
‘Ref! Could You Help Me?’—Building a Positive Climate by Referees during Floorball Competitions in Youth Sport

In creating a positive climate in sport for children and youth, the role of adults is of key importance as their behavior and attitudes determine the experiences and multilateral development of young players. Relatively recently, the importance of the referee in creating a supportive sporting environment has begun to be emphasized. This concerns, in particular, team sports in which the referees interact with players many times and influence the course of the game. The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of the referee–players’ interactions during youth floorball matches in terms of building a positive climate and responsiveness to the players’ needs. Another aim of the study was to examine whether the referee’s qualifications and players’ gender affect the quality of their interactions with the players. The study was conducted among 21 referees officiating matches for girls and boys aged 12–18. Naturalistic and structured observation methods were used in the study. The observation was conducted using a wireless intercom that allows listening to verbal messages directed to the players. Furthermore, the referee’s work was recorded using a camera. The results of the statistical tests did not show any significant differences in the assessment of referees between the groups distinguished in terms of the referees’ license and players’ gender in both examined dimensions. The observations showed that the average rating of building a positive climate by referees during a sporting event measured on a seven-point scale was ‘poor’ (2.81 pts). The referees were assessed significantly higher on the second dimension (responsiveness to the players’ needs), although an overall rating of 3.81 pts means a medium level of interaction quality. The results indicate areas in which referees can improve. They lead to the following conclusions: (i) the contents of training for floorball referees should include problems of pedagogy and developmental psychology; (ii) referees should be equipped with appropriate competencies for building a positive climate during matches and monitoring the players’ needs; (iii) referees appointed to officiate children and youth games should be characterized by appropriate predispositions.
Signature of Indian native chicken breeds: a perspective

SUMMARY Native chicken in India assumes a significant role in contemplating rural economy. The local birds play a major role in providing subsidiary income and nutritional security to the people of India. A total of 19 native chicken breeds have been reported and registered in India by ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India, which is the nodal agency of Government of India for registering breeds of livestock and poultry. At present, the Indian native chicken population is 37.2% of the total poultry population, which contribute around 17.8% of the total egg production in the country. The Indian birds have many unique traits such as natural broodiness to hatch chicks, better adaptability to hot and humid tropical climate, resilience to some of the deadly diseases such as Newcastle disease, IBD etc., black coloured meat of Kadaknath chicken, running fast and flying, fighting habit to protect themselves from the predators, tenderness of meat similar to red meat, low mortality at high temperature and humidity when exotic birds mostly die, survival on scavenging and perform at low input diet. The major objective of this paper is to compile the characteristics of Indian native chicken breeds comprehensively so that by going through this article, the stakeholders may categorise any birds of India in a particular indigenous breed group or any other group or non-descript groups. In this article, we reviewed signature of Indian chickens to differentiate them from the exotic and other breeds of chicken. We have delineated phenotypes and molecular parameters of Indian chickens along with their performances. We have deciphered genetic distance of some of the Indian chickens from the exotic chickens revealing their unique position in the cluster. It is concluded that the breed signature has potential to distinguish Indian chicken population from exotic ones for the breed identity.
The Role of Computer Self-Efficacy in High School Students’ E-Learning Anxiety: A Mixed-Methods Study

E-learning anxiety plays a key role in students’ success in online courses. One of the factors that may affect students’ e-learning anxiety is computer self-efficacy (CSE). However, the role of CSE in high school students’ e-learning anxiety has remained unexplored in the Iranian context. Therefore, the present mixed-methods study purports to explore the role of CSE in Iranian high school students’ e-learning anxiety. To this end, for the quantitative part, 410 female high school students were selected, as well as for the qualitative part, 30 female high school students were selected using a random sampling method. The required data were collected using a computer self-efficacy questionnaire, an anxiety in online classes questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed through a Pearson correlation analysis, a multiple-regression analysis, and a content analysis. Results revealed a strong negative correlation between the students’ CSE and e-learning anxiety. Further, the findings documented that the factors of CSE (i.e., beginning skills, mainframe skills, and advanced skills) determined the high school students’ e-learning anxiety. Moreover, the complementary qualitative findings yielded four overarching themes: ‘promoted digital literacy’, ‘increased problem-solving’, ‘increased learning satisfaction’, and ‘enhanced self-regulated learning’. Finally, a range of implications is suggested for different stakeholders.