Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population dynamics, production, and prey consumption of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in prairie wetlands : a bioenergetics approach

I assessed the population dynamics of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in prairie wetlands and developed a bioenergetics model to estimate their production and prey consumption. I sampled populations in four wetlands weekly from late May through June and biweekly during July and August using a Kushlan 1-m 2 throw trap. I imposed commercial harvest on two populations; the other two populations served as controls. Weekly population density estimates ranged from 52 000 to 356 000·ha -1 during early June and from 5400 to 19 700·ha -1 in late August. Simulated commercial harvest did not influence population density, mortality rates, or size of fathead minnows. Standing stock biomass differed among wetlands sampled, ranging from 144 to 482 kg·ha -1 in early June and from 1 to 33 kg·ha -1 during late August. However, differences were attributed to differential predation pressure rather than harvest pressure. Net production during the period ranged from 71.5 to 202.7 kg·ha -1 . Daily net production was greatest in early June (2.6-13.5 kg·ha -1 ·day -1 ) and then declined during July and August (0.1-1.2 kg·ha -1 ·day -1 ). Total mass of prey consumed by fathead minnows ranged from 332.7-1104.8 kg·ha -1 among
Early Prediction of Driver's Action Using Deep Neural Networks

Intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) are one of the most widely-discussed and researched topic across the world. The researchers have focused on the early prediction of a driver's movements before drivers actually perform actions, which might suggest a driver to take a corrective action while driving and thus, avoid the risk of an accident. This article presents an improved deep-learning technique to predict a driver's action before he performs that action, a few seconds in advance. This is considering both the inside context (of the driver) and the outside context (of the road), and fuses them together to anticipate the actions. To predict the driver's action accurately, the proposed work is inspired by recent developments in recurrent neural networks (RNN) with long short term memory (LSTM) algorithms. The performance merit of the proposed algorithm is compared with four other algorithms and the results suggest that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other algorithms using a range of performance metrics.
Abstract GS3-03: Effects of prolonging adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy beyond five years on recurrence and cause-specific mortality: An EBCTCG meta-analysis of individual patient data from 12 randomised trials including 24,912 women

Effects of prolonging adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy beyond five years on recurrence and cause-specific mortality: an EBCTCG meta-analysis of individual patient data from 12 randomised trials including 24,912 women Background: Five years of endocrine therapy with tamoxifen and/or an aromatase inhibitor is highly effective in reducing the risk of recurrence but a substantial risk remains after treatment discontinuation. Continuing treatment with an aromatase inhibitor may mitigate this risk. Methods: We sought individual patient data for meta-analysis from 12 randomised trials that compared 3-5 years of aromatase inhibitor versus no further treatment after five or more years of endocrine therapy. Primary outcomes were recurrence, and breast cancer mortality. Predefined subgroup comparisons were or prior endocrine therapy (tamoxifen alone, tamoxifen then AI, AI alone), site of recurrence (distant, local, contralateral), age, nodal status, tumour size, grade, and period of follow-up (yrs 0-1, 2-5, 5-9, 10+). Five trials randomised 2-3 years prior to treatment divergence and the primary analyses included only women who were recurrence and second primary cancer free and still alive at the point of treatment divergence. Results: Data have so far been received on 7,488 women (100% of those randomised) in trials of extended AI following tamoxifen alone, 10,796 women (82% 0f 13,192 randomised) following prior tamoxifen then AI, and 959 (23% of 4,229 randomised) following AI alone. Preliminary analyses including 1,617 breast cancer recurrences and 854 breast cancer deaths confirm a 35% reduction in recurrence with extended AI following tamoxifen alone but suggest a more moderate reduction after prior AI therapy. Data from two trials (NSABP B-42 & N-SAS BC 05) contributing ˜5666 women should be available before SABCS to allow definitive analyses. Conclusion: This meta-analysis will provide the most reliable possible summary of the available evidence to inform clinicians on the efficacy of extending AI therapy compared to stopping AI after about 5 years of endocrine therapy in preventing disease recurrence and death from breast cancer, both overall and in different categories of women. Citation Format: Gray R, Early Breast Cancer Trialists9 Collaborative Group. Effects of prolonging adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy beyond five years on recurrence and cause-specific mortality: An EBCTCG meta-analysis of individual patient data from 12 randomised trials including 24,912 women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr GS3-03.
SOCIAL AND GENDER PERSPECTIVES IN RICE BREEDING FOR SUBMERGENCE TOLERANCE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

SUMMARY The risks of flooding in rice production include losses that can affect some 13 million ha of rice lands in Southeast Asia. This study integrated social and gender perspectives into the varietal evaluation process to contribute to planned faster uptake of submergence-tolerant rice (Sub1) varieties. In this study, the participatory varietal selection (PVS) process was used in eliciting male and female farmers' opinions with respect to selecting popular varieties with the SUB1 gene introgressed, for added tolerance of flash floods of up to two weeks. Fifteen Sub1 varieties and the farmers' local check were tested under the PVS researcher-managed (PVS-RM) trials, which involved farmers' preference analysis (PA). The farmers tested the pre-selected lines with the SUB1 gene in their own fields to further evaluate their performance under varying conditions. During flooding, farmers experienced lower production depending on water depth, timing with respect to rice growth stage, duration, frequency of occurrence and quality. On-farm PA results showed wide variability in the performance of the Sub1 varieties compared with local popular varieties. This implies the need for further testing of pre-released lines in terms of adaptability and the continuous development of rice genotypes for varying flood-prone rice ecosystems. Women are as knowledgeable as men because of the significant roles they play in rice production and food preparation. Moreover, farmers and breeders have almost the same criteria in choosing the best performing rice lines. Sensory tests revealed the eating and cooking qualities important to farmers. The findings of this study can provide feedback to breeding programmes to ensure a greater likelihood of adoption and ultimately increasing rice productivity in submergence-prone rice areas.
Morphological and genetic variability in Hippolyte obliquimanus Dana, 1852 (Decapoda, Caridea, Hippolytidae) from Brazil and the Caribbean Sea

Hippolyte obliquimanus is a marine shrimp reported from the Caribbean Sea and Brazil. The literature provides indications for morphological variation between populations from those regions and the species has a troubled taxonomic history. The aims of this study were to analyse morphological and genetic variation in the populations of H. obliquimanus from Brazil and the Caribbean Sea and to verify if those might support separation of H. obliquimanus into two or more species. This hypothesis was tested with the analysis of morphological and genetic data (mitochondrial gene 16S and the barcode region Cytochrome Oxidase I). The material analysed was obtained from samples and from loans of zoological collections. The rostrum as well as pereiopods 3, 4, and 5 were the adult morphological characters that showed variation, but this occurred in samples from both regions, Brazil and the Caribbean Sea. The sequences of the 16S gene were identical among all specimens analysed. There was, however, variation among the sequences of the barcoding gene COI (<2.0%); this divergence separated the specimens into two groups (Brazil versus the Caribbean) and these groups did not share haplotypes. In conclusion, specimens from the regions analysed showed both morphological and genetic variation, but these did not support the separation of H. obliquimanus into two or more species.
Cinética ruminal das frações de carboidratos, produção de gás, digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e NDT estimado da silagem de milho com diferentes proporções de grãos

Foram objetivos do presente trabalho avaliar as alteracoes na composicao bromatologica e nas fracoes nitrogenadas e de carboidratos, estimar a taxa de digestao dos carboidratos fibrosos (CF) e nao-fibrosos (CNF), determinar a digestibilidade in vitro da materia seca (DIVMS) e estimar o teor de nutrientes digestiveis totais (NDT) da silagem de milho com diferentes proporcoes de graos. As silagens foram confeccionadas nas seguintes proporcoes de graos: 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60%. Foram determinados os teores de materia seca (MS), compostos nitrogenados (N), extrato etereo (EE), materia mineral (MM), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente acido (FDA), bem como os compostos nitrogenados nao-proteicos (NNP) e as fracoes nitrogenadas B1+B2, B3 e C. Foram tambem determinados os teores dos carboidratos nao-fibrosos (CNF) e das fracoes potencialmente digestiveis (B2) e indigestiveis da FDN (C). As taxas de digestao dos CNF e da fracao B2 dos carboidratos totais foram estimadas por meio da tecnica de producao de gases. Foram, ainda, realizadas a DIVMS por meio da tecnica de dois estadios e a estimacao do NDT por intermedio da composicao quimica. O acrescimo de graos a silagem aumentou linearmente os teores de MS, N e CNF e reduziu a MM, FDN, FDA e lignina. O NNP e as fracoes B3 e C variaram de 34,04 a 54,62%, 6,63 a 2,61 e 7,83 a 1,32% da PB. Os teores dos CNF e das fracoes B2 e C dos carboidratos totais foram influenciados linearmente pela adicao de graos a silagem, que variaram de 153,55 a 585,10; 489,57 a 203,29; e 233,50 a 85,51 g/kg de MS, respectivamente. As taxas de digestao dos CNF e da fracao B2 apresentaram comportamento quadratico, sendo os valores maximos estimados de 0,2723 e 0,02771 h-1, para as silagens com 40,08 e 14,57% de graos, respectivamente. O volume final de gas, a DIVMS e o NDT estimado, aumentaram linearmente, em funcao da porcentagem de graos, os quais variaram de 20,03 a 28,47 mL, 62,19 a 83,21 e 56,08 a 81,40%, respectivamente.
Direct and correlated responses to chill‐coma recovery selection in Drosophila buzzatii

Chill‐coma recovery (CCR) is an important trait for thermal adaptation in insects. Multiple phenotypes could be affected by selection on CCR if the trait is genetically correlated with other adaptive traits. To test for heritable (co‐)variation in CCR, we examined direct and correlated responses to bi‐directional selection on CCR. Drosophila buzzatii Patterson & Wheeler (Diptera: Drosophilidae) was artificially selected for decreased and increased recovery time following exposure to 0 °C. After 18 selected generations, the selection response in CCR was significant but qualitatively asymmetric, with replicated lines for slow CCR showing the highest response. Knockdown resistance to high temperature was not affected by CCR selection. Starvation resistance in the adult fly showed no clear pattern of correlated responses to CCR selection. Selection on CCR had no impact on developmental time and body size. Chill‐coma recovery shows no apparent genetic trade‐offs with any of the multiple traits included in this study. These results are largely consistent with recent studies on clines in D. buzzatii, which showed that CCR is not across‐population correlated with other clinally varying traits of thermal adaptation. Cold adaptation may evolve toward increased cold resistance independent of upper thermal limits.
Situated learning in university knowledge transfer offices: ‘science push’ and match-making approaches to commercialisation of academic research

Theme 4: Universities as interactive partners: From science push policies towards a Triple Helix perspective and the role of users Abstract University Knowledge Transfer Offices (KTOs) need a wide range of capabilities to support effective commercialisation of academic research. Our understanding of the learning process through which such abilities are developed and refined over time remains limited. This paper takes a practice-based view on organisational knowledge and learning to address this gap in the literature. The case studies of six university KTOs in the United Kingdom reveal that KTOs develop different approaches to commercialisation. Two type of commercialisation practice are identified – each based on different implicit assumptions about generating science-based innovation and associated with a different set of abilities. The paper illustrates how situated learning of KTO‟s staff and strategic actions of KTO and university management transform commercialisation practices over time. The implications for future research, practice and policy are discussed.
Allelopathic effects of some Lamiaceae on seed germination and seedling growth of dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.)

Dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) is one of the parasitic weeds that cause yield losses of many crops and orchards. Control of this weed is very difficult. This experiment was carried out to assay the effects of different concentrations [0 (distilled water as a control), 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% (gram powder of plant per 100 ml of distilled water)] of lavender (Lavandula vera DC.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), garden sage (Salvia officinalis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and common balm (Melisa officinalis L.) on dodder seed germination and seedling growth. Results showed that all of these medicinal plants had significantly effect on dodder seed germination and seedling growth. So that the highest concentration of lavender, thyme, garden sage, common balm, and rosemary, respectively; dodder seed germination was reduced 58.25%, 25.25%, 25%, 23. 5%, and 11.25%, respectively. Seedling growth of dodder was more sensitive than that of germination against extract concentration of all medicinal plant. The present study shows that the inhibitory effect of lavender aqueous extract on germination and seedling growth of dodder was more than that of other medicinal plant tested in this experiment. These results showed inhibitory effects of these medicinal plants extract on dodder seed germination and seedling growth.
Cystathionine β‐synthase mutations in homocystinuria

The major cause of homocystinuria is mutation of the gene encoding the enzyme cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS). Deficiency of CBS activity results in elevated levels of homocysteine as well as methionine in plasma and urine and decreased levels of cystathionine and cysteine. Ninety‐two different disease‐associated mutations have been identified in the CBS gene in 310 examined homocystinuric alleles in more than a dozen laboratories around the world. Most of these mutations are missense, and the vast majority of these are private mutations. The two most frequently encountered of these mutations are the pyridoxine‐responsive I278T and the pyridoxine‐nonresponsive G307S. Mutations due to deaminations of methylcytosines represent 53% of all point substitutions in the coding region of the CBS gene. Hum Mutat 13:362–375, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implementing a Nurse Practitioner‐Led Delivery Model for Continence Care within Community Fitness Facilities

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether a nurse practitioner (NP)‐led continence education program and multi‐disciplinary referral pathway within a community fitness facility would increase women's knowledge of urinary incontinence (UI), increase self‐efficacy with continence health promotion behaviors and pelvic muscle exercises, increase quality of life, decrease UI, and facilitate early treatment‐seeking behaviors Methods The design was a single‐group efficacy trial held in a community fitness facility in a Midwestern city. Twenty‐eight women aged 47 to 87 years attended the program. Eighty‐six percent reported experiencing UI. Repeated measures analysis of variance over three time periods and dependent samples t tests were used to assess the aims of this study. McNemar's test was used to assess change in percentage of women willing to seek care for UI. Results A significant relationship between the NP‐led continence program and all study aims was found (knowledge, self‐efficacy in continence health promotion and pelvic muscle exercises, UI severity, and quality of life). Most participants desired to seek initial care for UI at the fitness facility (84%), and 72% would seek care from a practitioner following the NP‐led continence program. Conclusions This study validated the study premise that an NP‐led continence education program within a community fitness facility would be a valuable and strategic way to facilitate pelvic floor health and promote early treatment seeking behaviors. Level of Evidence ‐ III‐B Source: Johns Hopkins Hospital/Johns Hopkins University, 2016. &NA; An innovative nurse practitioner‐led continence education program with referral pathways within a community fitness facility increased willingness to seek care at a primary level, knowledge of urinary incontinence (UI), self‐efficacy of both health promotion behaviors and pelvic muscle exercises, and quality of life, with an overall decrease in UI severity.
Biochemical Studies on Plantago major and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba

Plantago major (seeds and leaves) and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar beans( were analyzed for general chemical components including, fatty acids and amino acids. Guar beans had high contents of proteins, fats and total hydrolysable carbohydrates. Plantagoleaves high percentage of linolenic acid was characterized by 56.19%. While, P. majorseeds and Guar beans had high percentages of linoleic acid (25.41 and 48.99%, respectively). Essential and non essential amino acids were present in all samples andGuar beans had high amounts of glutamic, arginine, aspartic and leucine. Total phenols, total flavonoids and tannin content were the highest in Plantago leaves. Antioxidant activity of ethanolic, hot and cold water extracts of Plantago leaves and seeds and guar beans were evaluated. Plantago leaves extracts exhibited higher antioxidant activity than plantagoseeds and guar beans extracts. The ethanolic, hot and cold extracts of plant induced anticancer activity with various degrees. Ethanolic extract of P. major leaves possessed the greatest effect on tumor cell growth (Dead 74%) followed by hot water extract of P.major leaves (Dead 54.6%). Key words: Plantago major, Guar beans, flavonoids, phenolic compounds antioxidant activity, antileukemia
Effects of starvation and osmotic stress on viability and heat resistance of Pseudomonas fluorescens AH9

This study addresses the responses to starvation and osmotic stress of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from spoiled fish. Culturability and viability of stressed cells were determined. Cells maintaining an active electron transport system were considered to be viable and this activity was assessed by the ability of the cells to reduce the 5-cyano-2,4-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) to fluorescent CTC-formazan. Cells starved of carbon maintained high culturability and a high proportion of the cells were capable of reducing CTC during short-time (up to 5 d) experiments. ATP concentrations were lower in carbon-starved than in log-phase cells but the measured levels suggested that metabolic activity was retained. Carbon-starved cells developed an increased heat resistance and prolonged starvation resulted in further protection. Viable, but non-culturable cells were found during heat challenge implying that culture methods underestimate the recovery potential of these cells. Osmotically-stressed Ps. fluorescens maintained a high viability, whereas culturability was rapidly lost. In contrast to starved cells, no protection against a subsequent heat challenge was found in osmotically-stressed (4 or 18 h) cells, but an increased salinity of the heating menstruum alone resulted in elevated heat resistance.
Lolium multiflorum density responses under ozone and herbicide stress

Adaptations to overcrowding of individual plants result in density dependant control of growth and development. There is little information on how anthropogenic stresses modify these responses. We investigated whether combinations of diclofop-methyl herbicide and tropospheric ozone alter the pattern of expected growth compensation with density changes resulting from intraspecific competition in Lolium multiforum Lam (Poacea) plants. Individual plant vegetative parameters and total seed production were assessed for plants growing under various densities and different herbicide rates and ozone treatments. The stressors differently changed the frequency distribution for average individual plant weight resulting from increasing densities. Only herbicide affected seedling mortality. Plants were able to compensate during grain filling maintaining similar seed production – density relationships in all treatments. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the impact of stress factors on the demographic changes in plant populations. Important ecological implications arise: (i) contrasting responses to ozone and herbicide, alone and in combination of individual plants resulted in different biomass – density relationships; (ii) stress effects on plant populations could not be predicted from individual responses; and (iii) changes in competitive outcome by single or combined stress factors may alter the expected genotype frequency in a crowded population with few dominant individuals.
Risk of depression, suicidal ideation, suicide and psychosis with hydroxychloroquine treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: a multi-national network cohort study

Objectives Concern has been raised in the rheumatological community regarding recent regulatory warnings that hydroxychloroquine used in the COVID-19 pandemic could cause acute psychiatric events. We aimed to study whether there is risk of incident depression, suicidal ideation, or psychosis associated with hydroxychloroquine as used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods New user cohort study using claims and electronic medical records from 10 sources and 3 countries (Germany, UK and US). RA patients aged 18+ and initiating hydroxychloroquine were compared to those initiating sulfasalazine (active comparator) and followed up in the short (30-day) and long term (on treatment). Study outcomes included depression, suicide/suicidal ideation, and hospitalization for psychosis. Propensity score stratification and calibration using negative control outcomes were used to address confounding. Cox models were fitted to estimate database-specific calibrated hazard ratios (HR), with estimates pooled where I2<40%. Results 918,144 and 290,383 users of hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine, respectively, were included. No consistent risk of psychiatric events was observed with short-term hydroxychloroquine (compared to sulfasalazine) use, with meta-analytic HRs of 0.96 [0.79-1.16] for depression, 0.94 [0.49-1.77] for suicide/suicidal ideation, and 1.03 [0.66-1.60] for psychosis. No consistent long-term risk was seen, with meta-analytic HRs 0.94 [0.71-1.26] for depression, 0.77 [0.56-1.07] for suicide/suicidal ideation, and 0.99 [0.72-1.35] for psychosis. Conclusions Hydroxychloroquine as used to treat RA does not appear to increase the risk of depression, suicide/suicidal ideation, or psychosis compared to sulfasalazine. No effects were seen in the short or long term. Use at higher dose or for different indications needs further investigation.