Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marchenko focusing without up/down decomposition

Current Marchenko algorithms require up/down separation, and solving the Marchenko equation enables one to retrieve the up/down components of the Green’s function. We propose an iterative scheme to relax the need for up/down separation for focusing. By presenting a visual tour, we show how to retrieve the Green’s function in the subsurface at a pre-defined location without requiring component decomposition. Our retrieved Green’s function contains accurate primary and multiple events of the heterogeneous subsurface and forms the basis for obtaining an image of the subsurface without the need for up/down decomposition.
Antlions of southern Africa: Annulares nov. gen. (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Palparini) including two new species, with comments on the tribe Palparini

A new genus and two new species of Palparini are described from southern Africa. Three endemic species comprise the genus. They extend from western Namibia across the southern Kalahari region of Namibia, Botswana and South Africa, eastwards into the sandy areas of the northern Kruger National Park of South Africa. A five-toothed larva is known for one of the species, and the genus is further characterized by a prominent black stripe across the head and thorax, uniformly dark legs, clavate labial palpi with a slit-shaped sensory organ and a prominent gonarcal bulla in the males.
Infestation of Oothecae of Introduced Asiatic Mantids by Podagrion Mantis Ashmead

Examination of two lots, one consisting of twenty-seven oothecae of the Chinese mantis, Tenodera sinensis Saussure, the other of seventy belonging to the more recent introduction, T. angnstipennis Saussure, disclosed the presence in both forms, but especially the latter, of the egg-parasite, Podagrion mantis Ashmead. [1][1] Both lots were collected late in December, 1937, at Ocean View, Cape May County, New Jersey. [1]: #fn-1
Engineering the methylerythritol phosphate pathway in cyanobacteria for photosynthetic isoprene production from CO2

Isoprene, a key building block of synthetic rubber, is currently produced entirely from petrochemical sources. Previous metabolic engineering efforts, centered on heterologous expression of the mevalonate pathway, have resulted in isoprene production by microbial fermentation of sugars. To produce isoprene directly from CO2, we engineered the isoprene biosynthetic pathway in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, with guidance provided by dynamic flux analysis and metabolite profiling. The methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway was selected for cyanobacterial isoprene synthesis based on comparison of carbon efficiency and the precursor driving force between the MEP pathway and the mevalonate pathway. Plant-derived isoprene synthases with high activities were introduced, followed by increasing the ratio of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate to isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) by overexpression of IPP isomerase (IDI), further improvement in isoprene production activity by direct fusion of IDI and isoprene synthase, and relieving an MEP pathway bottleneck identified by kinetic flux profiling. The engineered strain directed about 40% of photosynthetically fixed carbon toward the isoprene biosynthetic pathway, resulting in the production of 1.26 g L−1 of isoprene from CO2, which is a significant increase for terpenoid production by photoautotrophic microorganisms. The strains developed in this study can serve as platform hosts for photosynthetic production of diverse terpenoids from CO2.
Common Property Economics: A General Theory and Land Use Applications

List of tables and figures Preface 1. What is common property? 2. Open access theory 3. Common property 4. The Swiss grazing commons 5. Comparisons with the English open field system 6. An econometric comparison of commons and private grazing 7. The structure and performance of common property: conclusions References Index.
Sexual Dimorphism and Mating Systems in Voles

Here we respond to the criticism that use of body length is an incorrect and misleading measure of sexual dimorphism in body size (Boonstra et al., 1993, J. Mammal., 74:224–229). Despite the contention by Boonstra et al. that body mass is a more sensitive metric for detecting dimorphism, some vole populations show statistically significant dimorphism for length, but not mass. Published studies based on length and mass corroborate many of our conclusions based on length only (Heske and Ostfeld, 1990, J. Mammal., 71:510–519) and are in opposition to the results of Boonstra et al. based on mass. We question the reasoning behind Boonstra et al.'s expectation of sexual dimorphism in promiscuous and facultatively monogamous species, and urge that clearer predictions be formulated.
Developmental Participation: The Necessity of Cultural Perspectives in Developmental Psychology

This main aim of this paper is to present some theoretical considerations about the need for a cultural approach in modern developmental psychology. Starting with a critique of the over-universalisation of developmental research in American psychology, the authors present a paradigm of a relational-developmental system, using the concept of embodiment and a cultural approach in psychological research, in which the principal object of analysis is person-in-action as a culturally inclusive alternative for developmental psychology. This approach will be exemplified by research on development through guided participation and the role of shame in moral and social development in Confucian culture.
In vitro Study of the Compatibility of Three Fungicides with Biocontrol Agents Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas protegens

Various tactics are incorporated in the management of early blight: Cultural tactics, which provide the removal of stubble from the previous crop and weeds control, the use of healthy seed, the selection of tubers, the elimination of focal point of infections and the sanitation of affected leaves and stems, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 6 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
On some problems about ternary paths: a linear algebra approach

Ternary paths consist of an up-step of one unit, a down-step of two units, never go below the $x$-axis, and return to the $x$-axis. This paper addresses the enumeration of partial ternary paths, ending at a given level $i$, reading the path either from left to right or from right to left. Since the paths are not symmetric w.r. t. \ left vs.\ right, as classical Dyck paths, this leads to different results. The right to left enumeration is quite challenging, but leads at the end to very satisfying results. The methods are elementary (solving systems of linear equations). In this way, several conjectures left open in Naiomi Cameron's Ph.D. thesis could be successfully settled.
Mathematical model of SARS-Cov-2 propagation versus ACE2 fits COVID-19 lethality across age and sex and predicts that of SARS, supporting possible therapy

The fatality rate of Covid-19 escalates with age and is larger in men than women. I show that these variations correlate strongly with the level of the viral receptor protein ACE2 in rat lungs, which is consistent with the still limited and apparently contradictory data on human ACE2. Surprisingly, lower levels of the receptor correlate with higher fatality. However, a previous mathematical model predicts that the speed of viral progression in the organism has a maximum and then declines with the receptor level. Moreover, many manifestations of severe CoViD-19, such as severe lung injury, exacerbated inflammatory response and thrombotic problems may derive from increased Angiotensin II (Ang-II) level that results from degradation of ACE2 by the virus. I present here a mathematical model based on the influence of ACE2 on viral propagation and disease severity. The model fits Covid-19 fatality rate across age and sex with high accuracy ($r^2>0.9$) under the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 infections are in the dynamical regimes in which increased receptor slows down viral propagation. Moreover, rescaling the model parameters by the ratio of the binding rates of the spike proteins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 allows predicting the fatality rate of SARS-CoV across age and sex, thus linking the molecular and epidemiological levels. The presented model opposes the fear that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), suggested as a therapy against the most adverse effects of CoViD-19, may favour viral propagation, and suggests that Ang-II and ACE2 are candidate prognostic factors for detecting population that needs stronger protection.
How Culture Medium pH Range Influence Phytoplankton Growth Performance and Biochemical Content

Phytoplankton as autotrophic microorganisms are the basic in food chain for feed to higher planktons as it provide others with energy and the main natural nutrients (Barka and Blecker, 2016). Microalgae usage in aquaculture and its internal biochemical content are primarily depends on its nutritional value, high mass production, ability to withstand fluctuating growth conditions, and being nontoxic, (Muller-Feuga, 2013); ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: June 29,2020 Accepted: July 29, 2020 Online: Sept.5, 2020 _______________
IPO Peer Effects

Abstract This study investigates whether a private firm’s decision to go public affects the IPO decisions of its competitors. Using detailed data from the drug development industry, we identify a private firm’s direct competitors at a precise level through a novel approach using similarity in drug development projects based on disease targets. The analysis shows that a private firm is significantly more likely to go public after observing the recent IPO of a direct competitor, and this effect is distinct from “hot” market effects or other common shocks. Furthermore, our effects are centered on firms that operate in more competitive areas. We additionally explore peer effects in private firm funding propensities more broadly, such as through venture capital or being acquired, and find results consistent with a competitive channel.
A Robust Interpretable Deep Learning Classifier for Heart Anomaly Detection Without Segmentation

Traditionally, abnormal heart sound classification is framed as a three-stage process. The first stage involves segmenting the phonocardiogram to detect fundamental heart sounds; after which features are extracted and classification is performed. Some researchers in the field argue the segmentation step is an unwanted computational burden, whereas others embrace it as a prior step to feature extraction. When comparing accuracies achieved by studies that have segmented heart sounds before analysis with those who have overlooked that step, the question of whether to segment heart sounds before feature extraction is still open. In this study, we explicitly examine the importance of heart sound segmentation as a prior step for heart sound classification, and then seek to apply the obtained insights to propose a robust classifier for abnormal heart sound detection. Furthermore, recognizing the pressing need for explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) models in the medical domain, we also unveil hidden representations learned by the classifier using model interpretation techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that the segmentation which can be learned by the model plays an essential role in abnormal heart sound classification. Our new classifier is also shown to be robust, stable and most importantly, explainable, with an accuracy of almost 100% on the widely used PhysioNet dataset.
Might versus Morality Explored: Motivational and Cognitive Bases for Social Motives

Two conceptual models for social motives that were suggested by the results of W. B. Liebrand et al were examined. A goal model suggests that social motive differences reflect differences in interpersonal relations such that cooperators strive for good or moral interpersonal relations, whereas individualists strive for favorable power relationships. A schema model suggests that social motive differences reflect differences in cognitive knowledge structures. Prescriptive message content and partner strategy were manipulated to test these models. The goal model predicted that the prescriptive message would affect behavior most when it was congruent with the S's own goals. The schema model predicted that a message consistent with S's schema would prime related elements of that schema and amplify the usual response to one's partner's strategy. The results generally supported the schema model for cooperators; neither model was supported for individualists.
The role of aridity and isolation on central Chilean small mammals: a reply to Caviedes & Iriarte (1989)

The hypothesis of Caviedes & Iriarte (1989) that small mammal diversity is conspicuously lower in central and northern Chile due to isolation and aridity of present- day communities is disputed. Multiple entries of species via several routes have probably occurred until very recently, and central Chilean communities are not conspicuously de- pauperate. The absence of water-independent forms, and coastal distributions of some species to Peru, suggest that low species number in northern Chilean arid communities is likely a consequence of more frequent assortive process- es of local extinction and immigration rather than aridity or isolation per se.
Node profiles of symmetric digital search trees: Concentration properties

We give a detailed asymptotic analysis of the profiles of random symmetric digital search trees, which are in close connection with the performance of the search complexity of random queries in such trees. While the expected profiles have been analyzed for several decades, the analysis of the variance turns out to be very difficult and challenging, and requires the combination of several different analytic techniques, including Mellin and Laplace transforms, analytic de‐Poissonization, and Laplace convolutions. Our results imply concentration of the profiles in the range where the mean tends to infinity. Moreover, we also obtain a two‐point concentration for the distributions of the height and the saturation level.
Asian Economic and Financial Review

JEL Classification: G32; C15; M21. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of financial structure—the balance between a firm’s liabilities and equities—on profitability, based on a sample of listed construction companies in Vietnam. Following a literature review, the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between financial structure and profitability was formulated and tested through pooled ordinary least square, fixed effects, and random effects models. The empirical results revealed that the total, shortterm, and long-term debt ratios exert a negative impact on profitability, while asset tangibility, inventory ratios, and growth rate, as well as size and age of firm all positively affect profitability; however, short-term receivable ratios had no effect. These findings contribute empirical evidence, in the context of emerging economies, to the existing body of literature.
Acculturation and Mental Health Status Among Hispanics. Convergence and New Directions for Research

Acculturation, the process whereby immigrants change their behavior and attitudes toward those of the host society, is a fundamental part of migration-induced adaptations to new sociocultural environments. A rapidly expanding research literature on acculturation has accompanied the growth of international migrations. In response to the need to integrate the growing literature on acculturation and mental health status among Hispanics in the United States, and to identify points of convergence and new directions for research, 30 publications were examined. Points of convergence are identified, as are problems and limitations. The research needs new directions, proceeding from but not constricted by the assumptions and procedures in the work already done.
Fintech Credit Risk Assessment for SMEs: Evidence from China

Promoting credit services to small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) has been a perennial challenge for policy makers globally due to high information costs. Recent fintech developments may be able to mitigate this problem. By leveraging big data or digital footprints on existing platforms, some big technology (BigTech) firms have extended short-term loans to millions of small firms. By analyzing 1.8 million loan transactions of a leading Chinese online bank, this paper compares the fintech approach to assessing credit risk using big data and machine learning models with the bank approach using traditional financial data and scorecard models. The study shows that the fintech approach yields better prediction of loan defaults during normal times and periods of large exogenous shocks, reflecting information and modeling advantages. BigTech’s proprietary information can complement or, where necessary, substitute credit history in risk assessment, allowing unbanked firms to borrow. Furthermore, the fintech approach benefits SMEs that are smaller and in smaller cities, hence complementing the role of banks by reaching underserved customers. With more effective and balanced policy support, BigTech lenders could help promote financial inclusion worldwide.
Monsoons, ITCZs, and the Concept of the Global Monsoon

Earth's tropical and subtropical rainbands, such as Intertropical Convergence Zones (ITCZs) and monsoons, are complex systems, governed by both large‐scale constraints on the atmospheric general circulation and regional interactions with continents and orography, and coupled to the ocean. Monsoons have historically been considered as regional large‐scale sea breeze circulations, driven by land‐sea contrast. More recently, a perspective has emerged of a global monsoon, a global‐scale solstitial mode that dominates the annual variation of tropical and subtropical precipitation. This results from the seasonal variation of the global tropical atmospheric overturning and migration of the associated convergence zone. Regional subsystems are embedded in this global monsoon, localized by surface boundary conditions. Parallel with this, much theoretical progress has been made on the fundamental dynamics of the seasonal Hadley cells and convergence zones via the use of hierarchical modeling approaches, including aquaplanets. Here we review the theoretical progress made and explore the extent to which these advances can help synthesize theory with observations to better understand differing characteristics of regional monsoons and their responses to certain forcings. After summarizing the dynamical and energetic balances that distinguish an ITCZ from a monsoon, we show that this theoretical framework provides strong support for the migrating convergence zone picture and allows constraints on the circulation to be identified via the momentum and energy budgets. Limitations of current theories are discussed, including the need for a better understanding of the influence of zonal asymmetries and transients on the large‐scale tropical circulation.
Population biology and genetics of winter house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) populations

Population biology and genetic variability of house flies, Musca domestica L. , surviving indoors were studied during four winters in a diary barn and three swine farrowing sheds in central Iowa. Adult age structure was monitored in natural populations and in marked and released flies. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis resolved allozymes at six loci. In the dairy, insemination rates and the proportions of parous flies were significantly less during winter than in summer fly populations. Age grading showed delayed vitellogenesis and oviposition in winter. There were large shifts in allele frequencies associated with founding of indoor populations in autumn and founding of outdoor populations in spring. Allele frequencies were temporally homogeneous during winter. Average gene frequencies were much the same in autumn and late spring.
EFFECT OF FORMULATION OF EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM (EM) ON POST TREATMENT PERSISTENCE, MICROBIAL DENSITY AND SOIL MACRONUTRIENTS

Effective Microorganisms (EM), a culture of coexisting beneficial microorganism predominantly consisting of lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, fermenting fungi and actinomycetes that are claimed to enhance microbial turnover in soil and thus known increase soil macronutrients and increases plant growth and yield. In the present study, Pot trails were conducted to evaluate the effect of various formulations of Effective microorganisms (EM) viz rice washed water, rice bran and oil cake, sugar syrup, rice bran, oil cake and sugar on post treatment persistence of EM and soil nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium level. The experiment was initiated with four groups of five replications. Group one was the negative control with only water added throughout the study. Group two was the second control with respective formulating agents without EM (0.01%). Group three was only EM solution (0.01%) and group four was respective formulations of EM as granulated form (0.01%). Among the formulations rice bran +oil cake +sugar syrup formulation recorded maximum N,P,K level followed by sugar syrup. Moreover the occurrence of respective microbial member was recorded in all the formulations and maximum microbial count was recorded in rice bran, oil cake and sugar syrup formulation. Similarly the pots treated with EM with rice bran+oil cake+ sugar syrup increased the microbial density other than individual members of EM of the soil.
Intermodel Spread in the Pattern Effect and Its Contribution to Climate Sensitivity in CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models

Radiative feedbacks depend on the spatial patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) and thus can change over time as SST patterns evolve—the so-called pattern effect. This study investigates intermodel differences in the magnitude of the pattern effect and how these differences contribute to the spread in effective equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) within CMIP5 and CMIP6models. Effective ECS in CMIP5 estimated from 150-yr-long abrupt43CO2 simulations is on average 10% higher than that estimated from the early portion (first 50 years) of those simulations, which serves as an analog for historical warming; this difference is reduced to 7% on average in CMIP6. The (negative) net radiative feedback weakens over the course of the abrupt43CO2 simulations in the vast majority of CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, but this weakening is less dramatic on average in CMIP6. For both ensembles, the total variance in the effective ECS is found to be dominated by the spread in radiative response on fast time scales, rather than the spread in feedback changes. UsingGreen’s functions derived from twoAGCMs shows that the spread in feedbacks on fast time scales may be primarily due to differences in atmospheric model physics, whereas the spread in feedback evolution is primarily governed by differences in SST patterns. Intermodel spread in feedback evolution is well explained by differences in the relative warming in the west Pacific warm-pool regions for the CMIP5 models, but this relation fails to explain differences across the CMIP6 models, suggesting that a stronger sensitivity of extratropical clouds to surface warming may also contribute to feedback changes in CMIP6.