Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fitness Wearables and Exercise Dependence in College Women: Considerations for University Health Education Specialists

ABSTRACT Background Research has elucidated some harmful aspects of fitness wearable devices including their role in exacerbating disordered eating and exercise behaviors in young adults. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine 1) if use of wearables was associated with exercise dependence and 2) prevalence of compensatory behaviors (CB) in response to not meeting goals set within the wearable. Methods: University students completed an anonymous online survey with the Exercise Dependence Scale-21. Participants also provided information about wearable use and CB (e.g. restricting food) in response to not meeting fitness goals. Multiple linear regression assessed the association between wearable use, CB, and exercise dependence. Results: Majority of participants using wearables reported CB if they did not meet goals set by wearables. Using wearables and engagement in CB were associated with higher exercise dependence scores. Discussion: This study suggests that wearables may exacerbate harmful compulsions, like exercise dependence, and should be recommended with caution by health education specialists. Translation to Health Education Practice: Consequences of wearable use are important to consider in the development of health education materials and interventions promoting wearable use. Certified Health Education Specialists should consider how to address negative aspects of fitness technology in physical activity promotion.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk After Direct‐Acting Antiviral Therapy

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. In the United States, HCV accounts for more than 60% of HCC cases. The most important risk factor for HCC among patients with HCV is cirrhosis. Viral eradication is thought to reduce cancer risk by preventing cirrhosis and causing regression of fibrosis. Eliminating HCV also reverses other processes implicated in HCC pathogenesis, such as chronic inflammation and direct carcinogenic effects of the virus.
Timber harvest as the predominant disturbance regime in northeastern U.S. forests: effects of harvest intensification

Harvesting is the leading cause of adult tree mortality in forests of the northeastern United States. While current rates of timber harvest are generally sustainable, there is considerable pressure to increase the contribution of forest biomass to meet renewable energy goals. We estimated current harvest regimes for different forest types and regions across the U.S. states of New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine using data from the U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis Program. We implemented the harvest regimes in SORTIE-ND, an individual-based model of forest dynamics, and simulated the effects of current harvest regimes and five additional harvest scenarios that varied by harvest frequency and intensity over 150 yr. The best statistical model for the harvest regime described the annual probability of harvest as a function of forest type/region, total plot basal area, and distance to the nearest improved road. Forests were predicted to increase in adult aboveground biomass in all harvest scenarios in all forest type and region combinations. The magnitude of the increase, however, varied dramatically—increasing from 3% to 120% above current landscape averages as harvest frequency and intensity decreased. The variation can be largely explained by the disproportionately high harvest rates estimated for Maine as compared with the rest of the region. Despite steady biomass accumulation across the landscape, stands that exhibited old-growth characteristics (defined as ≥300 metric tons of biomass/hectare) were rare (8% or less of stands). Intensified harvest regimes had little effect on species composition due to widespread partial harvesting in all scenarios, resulting in dominance by late-successional species over time. Our analyses indicate that forest biomass can represent a sustainable, if small, component of renewable energy portfolios in the region, although there are tradeoffs between carbon sequestration in forest biomass and sustainable feedstock supply. Integrating harvest regimes into a disturbance theory framework is critical to understanding the dynamics of forested landscapes, especially given the predominance of logging as a disturbance agent and the increasing pressure to meet renewable energy needs.
Phylogenetic position of the diatom genus Geissleria Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin and description of two new species from Siberian mountain lakes

Two new Geissleria species from Siberian mountain lakes Baikal and Frolikha are described based on molecular and morphological data. The two new species are Geissleria baicalosimilis Kulikovskiy, Gusev, Andreeva & Annenkova sp. nov. and G. frolikhiensis Kulikovskiy, Gusev, Andreeva & Annenkova sp. nov. According to partial 18S rDNA and rbcL gene fragment analyses, Geissleria does not belong to the large catch-all genus Navicula as it was previously thought. Morphological features such as slit like areolae without hymenes, presence of one isolated pore near the central nodule and presence of props in areolae and an annulus structure support this conclusion. Plastid morphology of Geissleria species is typical for the Cymbellales, with one large chloroplast divided into two plates lying one against each valve, connected by a broad column. All of our data show that Geissleria is most closely to the genus Placoneis, with which they share naviculoid symmetry. Given these results, Geissleria should be included in the order Cymbellales. (Less)
Is Fertility Behavior in Our Genes? Findings from a Danish Twin Study

This article investigates the fertility of Danish twins born during the periods 1870-1910 and 1953-64 in order to pursue two central questions for understanding human reproduction: Do genetic dispositions influence fertility and fertility-related behavior? Does the relevance of the "nature versus nurture" debate shift over time or with demographic regimes? The authors find that genetic influences on fertility exist, but that their relative magnitude and pattern are contingent on gender and on the socioeconomic environment experienced by cohorts. Among females born in 1880-90 and after 1955, about 30-50 percent of the variance in fertility is due to genetic influences; these influences are substantially smaller for earlier and for interim birth cohorts. Male fertility is generally subject to smaller genetic and larger shared-environment effects than female fertility. Because genetic effects are most prevalent in situations with deliberately controlled fertility and relatively egalitarian socioeconomic opportunities, the authors propose that the genetic dispositions affect primarily fertility behavior and motivations for having children. Analyses of fertility motivations, measured by age of first attempt to have a child, support this interpretation. Copyright 1999 by The Population Council, Inc.
Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of freshwater in the Sidi Abderrahmane reservoir, Safi, Morocco

The purpose of the study was to assess the water quality in the Sidi Abderrahmane freshwater reservoir (Safi, Morocco). The monitoring data used in the study included physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. The spatial and temporal characteristics of these parameters was evaluated by collecting water samples fortnightly from May 2011 to December 2012 in three stations chosen to represent different parts of the reservoir. Ten parameters considered as indicators of water properties were analysed: temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, electric conductivity, transparency, orthophosphorus, ammonium, nitrites, nitrates, and chlorophyll a. The results show that nutrient concentrations were among the highest (mean concentrations: PO 3− = 0.64 mg l−1, NH4+ = 1.08 mg l−1) recorded for Moroccan freshwater reservoirs. Our data indicated that the Sidi Abderrahmane is a destratified reservoir that it is relatively warm (mean temperature: 22.42 ± 4.88 °C); a polymictic reservoir in a semi-arid climate. Fertilisers applied in the surrounding orchards affect significantly affect nutrient levels in the waterbody, particularly PO 3− and NH4+ in autumn. The water column is seasonally homogeneous, as a result of wind-induced mixing, and our tests showed no anoxia throughout the study period. With suitable hydraulic conditions (short residence time, short outflow/inflow ratio, good oxygenation, and homogeneity), the Sidi Abderrahmane water body could reduce the stratification time and improve water quality.
Interspecific variation in large mammal responses to human observers along a conservation gradient with variable hunting pressure

When subject to anthropogenic hunting risks, wildlife populations may adjust their anti‐predator behaviour; however, such plastic response has rarely been assessed. We assessed the response of eight species (African elephant, Maasai giraffe, plains zebra, common wildebeest, Grant's gazelle, impala, Thomson's gazelle and Kirk's dik dik) towards human observers in a landscape with variable anthropogenic hunting pressure. Using logistic regressions, we tested the effect of habitat type, group size, distance to observer and conservation status of the area on the likelihood of animal behavioural adjustments (walking away, fleeing or giving alarm calls). Habitat type did not affect the likelihood of a response towards humans. Dik diks were less likely to respond towards human when they were in larger groups. In contrast, zebras and Thomson's gazelles were marginally significantly more likely to show a response when in larger groups. Responses of all species were significantly or marginally significantly (elephant) lower with increasing distance from observers (an increase by one meter distance changed the response likelihood by 0.01–0.30). Four species (zebra, wildebeest, impala, dik dik) showed a gradual adjustment of responsiveness according to conservation status and were most responsive in non‐protected and least responsive in fully protected areas (0.02–0.29 times less responsive in fully vs. multiple‐use areas). However, elephants, giraffes and both gazelle species did not significantly adjust their behaviour according to conservation status. This suggests that the behaviour of some species can be used as useful indicator of conservation status of an area whereas the behaviour of other species does not allow discriminating between management types. More generally, our study highlights the importance of assessing and controlling illegal hunting in multiple‐use areas and suggests a stronger consideration of human‐induced risk effects in the conservation of ungulates.
A CD36-initiated Signaling Cascade Mediates Inflammatory Effects of β-Amyloid*

β-Amyloid accumulation is associated with pathologic changes in the brain in Alzheimer's disease and has recently been identified in plaques of another chronic inflammatory disorder, atherosclerosis. The class B scavenger receptor, CD36, mediates binding of fibrillar β-amyloid to cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, including brain macrophages (microglia). In this study, we demonstrate that in microglia and other tissue macrophages, β-amyloid initiates a CD36-dependent signaling cascade involving the Src kinase family members, Lyn and Fyn, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase, p44/42. Interruption of this signaling cascade, through targeted disruption of Src kinases downstream of CD36, inhibits macrophage inflammatory responses to β-amyloid, including reactive oxygen and chemokine production, and results in decreased recruitment of microglia to sites of amyloid deposition in vivo. The finding that engagement of CD36 by β-amyloid initiates a Src kinase-dependent production of inflammatory mediators in cells of the macrophage lineage reveals a novel receptor-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling pathway of potential therapeutic importance.
Diagnostic value analysis of combined detection of Trx, CYFRA21-1 and SCCA in lung cancer

The expression levels of thioredoxin (Trx), cytokeratin fragment 21–1 (CYFRA21-1) and serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) in patients with lung cancer and the diagnostic value of combined detection were investigated. Sixty-five patients with lung cancer in Weihai Municipal Hospital from January 2014 to June 2017 were retrospectively selected as the observation group, while 60 healthy subjects receiving physical examination were selected as the control group. The expression levels of serum Trx, CYFRA21-1 and SCCA were detected. The sensitivity and specificity of single detection and combined detection of these indexes were compared. Moreover, the diagnostic values of single detection and combined detection were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The levels of CYFRA21-1 and SCCA were the highest in squamous carcinoma (P<0.05). The level of Trx was the highest in small cell lung cancer compared with those in squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). The levels of serum Trx, CYFRA21-1 and SCCA in lung cancer patients in clinical stage III–IV were obviously higher than those in patients in clinical stage I–II (P<0.001). The positive rate of Trx was the highest in small cell lung cancer, and the positive rates of CYFRA21-1 and SCCA were the highest in squamous carcinoma compared with other cancers (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of combined detection of the three indexes was the largest. The optimal cut-off value of combined detection of the three indexes in lung cancer was 9.952 with the sensitivity of 86.2% and specificity of 75.0%. The detection of serum Trx, CYFRA21-1 and SCCA is of great significance in the diagnosis, progression and pathological type of lung cancer, and combined detection can improve both specificity and sensitivity, which is more conducive to the positive rate of diagnosis of lung cancer.
New and known extinct species of Rhyzobius Stephens, 1829 shed light on the phylogeny and biogeography of the genus and the tribe Coccidulini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Rhyzobius Stephens, 1829 is a diverse genus of ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) with more than 100 extant species distributed in the Old World. Despite recent revision of that genus its internal classification has been unclear. However, based on morphological differences, four main evolutionary lineages could be expected, two distributed in Euro-African and two in the Australo-Oriental regions. The oldest representatives of Rhyzobius were described quite recently from early Eocene amber deposited in Oise, France. Three more species belonging to this genus were found in Baltic amber and are described here as R. groehni sp. nov., R. sontagae sp. nov. and R. szwedo sp. nov. In order to test the systematic placement of extinct taxa, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted, combining extant and extinct species of Rhyzobius. A dataset of 74 morphological characters scored for 29 recent and four extinct species across the genus Rhyzobius was analysed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. This is the first morphology-based phylogeny of the genus Rhyzobius supporting the existence of four evolutionary lineages of modern taxa. All extinct taxa, from both the Oise and Baltic ambers, form a distinct group in the single clade within the African group of species. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis, a discussion on the historical biogeography of the genus is provided. https://zoobank.org:pub:7CAE0F5B-F03E-4E07-A59D-7985AB7B452F
Kernel methods for estimating the utilization distribution in home-range studies

In this paper kernel methods for the nonparametric estimation of the utilization distribution from a random sample of locational observations made on an animal in its home range are described. They are of flexible form, thus can be used where simple parametric models are found to be inappropriate or difficult to specify. Two examples are given to illustrate the fixed and adaptive kernel approaches in data analysis and to compare the methods. Various choices for the smoothing parameter used in kernel methods are discussed. Since kernel methods give alternative approaches to the Anderson (1982) Fourier transform methods, some comparisons are made.
Doomed to fail. The adoption of gendered party finance in Italy at an inhospitable time

ABSTRACT Italy stands out as one of the few countries in Europe to have introduced policies linking public funding for political parties to measures to enhance women’s political representation. However, such policies have proved to be flawed, failing to meet the objectives that they aimed to address. Starting from these observations, this paper opens the ‘black box’ of the policy cycle and analyses the stage of policy formulation that led to gendered party finance, to understand why such ill-defined measures were introduced in the first place. In order to do so we retrace, first, the ‘support structure’ for the adoption of gender representation policies, and identify the relevant elite arena in which the policy was initiated. Then, by analysing parliamentary votes and speeches, we analyse the alliances and the conflict that originated around the policy. We find that, if structural conditions prevented the adoption of a more intrusive policy, its poor design seems to have been the result of the weakness of the support structure for the introduction of feminist policies and of the lack of cross-party alliances among women MPs that might otherwise have promoted the legitimacy of affirmative action.
Estimating the Impact of Covid-19 on Poverty in Indonesia

Covid-19 has infected and will continue to infect millions of people all over the world. The economic impact is predicted to be large and millions of people will be pushed into poverty. In this paper, we estimate the impact of Covid-19 on poverty in Indonesia. The economic impact is expected to be severe, reducing the economic growth rate projected for 2020 from about 5% to between 4.2% and –3.5%. We find that under the best-case scenario, the poverty rate will increase from 9.2% in September 2019 to 9.7% by the end of 2020, pushing 1.3 million more people into poverty. Under the worst-case scenario, the poverty rate will increase to 16.6%, close to the level seen in 2004 when the poverty rate was 16.7%. This means that 19.7 million more people will become poor, substantially reversing Indonesia’s progress in reducing poverty. The implication is that Indonesia will need to expand its social protection programs to assist the new poor as well as the existing poor.
Site fidelity, migratory behaviour, and spatial organization of female isards (Rupicapra pyrenaica) in the Pyrenees National Park, France

We studied from 1993 to 2002 the spatial organization of visually marked females in an isard (Rupicapra pyrenaica Bonaparte, 1845) population in the Pyrenees National Park. In winter, all individuals were concentrated within the same 3.7 km2 refuge area. In summer, two patterns of space use were recorded: sedentary females (n = 33; 52.2%) remained within the refuge area, whereas migrating females (n = 29; 46.8%) summered outside the refuge area, at a horizontal distance of 1.4–9.2 km and 300–800 m higher in elevation than their winter ranges. Females were faithful to their seasonal ranges. The population was organized in well-defined spatial units in summer. This organization was roughly preserved in winter, despite the spatial concentration of the individuals by this season. The resulting spatial clustering might reduce spatial competition and pathogenic contamination between groups, allowing the maintenance of high population density. The appearance of a migratory pattern occurred probably as a result o.
Colour variation between different lineages of a colour polymorphic lizard

Colour polymorphic animals offer useful models to study the evolution of polymorphisms and studies with colour polymorphic lizards have contributed many advances in this field. Unfortunately, few studies address basic questions such as how observers (e.g. conspecifics) perceive the polymorphism or whether there is chromatic variability among evolutionary lineages or distant geographic areas within a species’ range. The common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) shows a striking colour polymorphism in its ventral surface, presenting up to five alternative colour morphs, that is white, yellow and orange/red (depending on the lineage), and two intermediate mosaic morphs: white-orange and yellow-orange. Here we compare this polymorphism in two geographically distant areas, the Po valley (Northern Italy) and the Eastern Pyrenees (Iberian Peninsula), corresponding to separate phylogeographic lineages. Using objective techniques of colour measurement and lizard vision models, we examine the chromatic differences between these two polymorphic lineages. We also search for chromatic differences in other colour traits present in P. muralis: the cryptic dorsal coloration and the ultraviolet-blue spots of the outer ventral scales (UV-blue OVS) used for intraspecific communication. Although we detected significant differences among lineages in colour variables, the main variation was found between the alternative ventral colour morphs. The most striking inter-lineage divergence was between the orange Pyrenean morph and the red Italian morph, mainly caused by achromatic (but not chromatic) differences. In addition, although the UV-blue OVS show strong chromatic and achromatic variation between lineages, the dorsal coloration shows the smallest degree of variation, and mainly between localities rather than lineages. Overall, the ventral colour pattern of P. muralis is shared by at least two geographically and phylogenetically distant lineages. Nevertheless, body coloration also shows signs of historical divergence (Pyrenean orange vs. Italian red) and local adaptation (mainly in the dorsal pattern).
Estimation of heritability for growth traits of Red Chittagong cattle in a nucleus herd

The present study was undertaken to estimate the heritability for growth traits in a nucleus herd of Red Chittagong cattle (RCC) using data from 2005 to 2010. The traits considered were birth weight, weight at three-month intervals from birth to 24 months, and pre-weaning and post-weaning growth rate. The mean pooled weight (mean ± se) of 127 RCC calves from birth to 24 months at three month intervals were 14.7 ± 0.2, 29.3 ± 6.1, 42.6 ± 9.2, 55.0 ± 12.4, 66.2 ± 15.5, 74.5 ± 16.0, 86.1 ± 23.5, 98.8 ± 24.8 and 111.6 ± 25.2 kg, respectively. The pre- and post-weaning growth rates were 148.5 ± 45.0 and 116.6 ± 56.5 g/day, respectively. The pre-weaning growth rate was significantly (P<0.01) higher than post-weaning. For the estimation of heritability single trait animal models under Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) analyses were done considering sex, parity, season and year of birth as fixed effect and animal’s additive genetic as random effect. Estimates of heritability for weight at birth, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 month of age were 0.48 ± 0.04, 0.49 ± 0.06, 0.50 ± 0.08, 0.47 ± 0.06, 0.50 ± 0.08, 0.50 ± 0.33, 0.44 ± 0.14, 0.50 ± 0.11 and 0.50 ± 0.15, respectively. Heritability estimates for pre- and post-weaning growth rate were 0.48 ± 0.06 and 0.49 ± 0.17, respectively. This moderately high heritability of growth of RCC suggests that RCC selected for growth up to 24 months of age would show a quick response. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bvet.v28i1. 8812 Bangl. vet . 2011. Vol. 28, No. 1, 39-46