Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formation du revenu, segmentation et discrimination sur le marché du travail d’une ville en développement : Antananarivo fin de siècle

The paper proposes a micro-macro model of labour market of a developing city, and its empirical implementation on the case of the capital town of Madagascar, Antananarivo. The model recognises the existence of measured and unmeasured heterogeneity of skills, preferences and opportunities within even narrowly defined socio-demographic groups. Econometric estimates confirm the dualistic structure of the labour market, and reject the idea that the minimum wage legislation would be the major explanation of formal employment rationing. Historical simulations of the model allow a decomposition of the main shocks having marked the urban economy between 1995 and 1999. _________________________________ Cet article presente un modele macro-micro-econometrique du marche du travail d'une ville en developpement, et son application au cas de la capitale de Madagascar, Antananarivo, entre 1995 et 1999. Ce modele reconnait l'existence d'une forte heterogeneite dans les remunerations, les preferences et les opportunites d'emploi des individus, meme au sein de categories fines. Les estimations econometriques confirment la structure dualiste du marche du travail, et conduisent egalement a rejeter l'idee que la legislation sur le salaire minimum constitue la cause principale du rationnement de l'emploi moderne. Des simulations historiques du modele permettent une decomposition des principaux chocs ayant marque l’economie urbaine entre 1995 et 1999.
Timing of orogenic events in the Lachlan Orogen

A substantial database of 40Ar/39Ar ages, collected recently from micas in western and central Victoria, has been used in several recent papers as support for continuous, diachronous deformation across western and central Victoria lasting through much of the Early Palaeozoic. This paper reviews these ages, together with field evidence collected over the last ten years. It provides an alternative interpretation, that mica growth and overgrowth in western Victoria was not continuous but episodic, occurring at ca 455 Ma, 440 Ma and 425 Ma, with little or no mica growth recorded from between these times. These ages have been obtained from mica in regional cleavage, crenulation cleavage and in quartz veins, and from across the entire width of the Stawell and Bendigo structural zones of western Victoria. A sharp change in mica ages occurs at the Mt William Fault, east of which no mica growth older than about 380 Ma is recorded. Several ages used in support for diachronous deformation are not related to deformat.
Chemical discontinuity at the extratropical tropopause and isentropic stratosphere‐troposphere exchange pathways diagnosed using Aura MLS data

The chemical discontinuity at the extratropical tropopause (ExTP) and stratosphere‐troposphere exchange (STE) pathways are investigated using the long‐lived chemical species carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) measured by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). A relative coordinate, tropopause latitude (TpLat), is developed based on potential vorticity (PV) from the Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS‐5) data assimilation system. TpLat is defined as the shortest geographic distance along an isentropic surface from the extratropical tropopause (ExTP) to an observation location. Our results show that this coordinate highlights the sharp chemical discontinuities at the ExTP more clearly than the widely‐used equivalent latitude coordinate. Geographical distributions of STE pathways and barriers are investigated based on meridional gradients in O3 abundances in the new TpLat coordinate in conjunction with analysis of Rossby wave breaking between 330 K and 360 K. In northern hemispheric (NH) winter (Dec–Jan–Feb), NH STE pathways are seen mainly above the northeast Pacific. In NH summer (Jun–Jul–Aug), the NH pathway covers all longitudes at 330 K. However, it is mainly located above Asia at 340 K and above the Atlantic and the North Pacific at 350 K and 360 K. In the southern hemisphere (SH), there is a weaker STE region above the Eastern Indian Ocean and the southwestern Pacific, at and above 350 K in SH winter, and a stronger STE region over the Southeastern Pacific at these levels during SH summer. In addition, this study shows NH PV gradients are slightly stronger near the ExTP in summer than in winter even though the subtropical jet is weaker and Rossby wave breaking is stronger in summer than in winter.
Esk Trough—Yarraman Block contact, an unconformity: Its nature and implications for regional tectonics

Detailed field study in southeast Queensland has resulted in the interpretation of an unconformity at the base of the Esk Trough sequence at its contact with the Yarraman Block (Maronghi Creek beds and associated intrusions). Previously this contact had been considered to be faulted. The nature of the unconformity is very variable with the Esk Formation resting on freshly eroded surfaces, on mature palaeosols and on an immature palaeosol. Immediately above the unconformity, the Esk Formation variably comprises scree breccia, fluvial conglomerate and arenite, and alluvial fan conglomerate and arenite. North‐northwest‐south‐southeast‐striking faults are associated with the unconformity. Where the unconformity parallels these faults, it retains a relatively constant character, but where it is cut by these faults, it shows greater variability, a relationship interpreted to result from contemporaneous tectonism. The Glen Howden Fault extends into structurally disturbed areas previously described as ‘fractured anticlines’ and ‘complex anticlines’, which are here interpreted as flower structures and associated features. The south‐southeast extension of the Glen Howden Fault strikes obliquely across the Esk Trough to finally pass into the South Moreton Anticline previously interpreted as a positive flower structure, and resolves structural and stratigraphic observations that previously appeared anomalous. Inferred strike‐slip movement in the Esk Trough resulted from Early to Middle Triassic north‐northwest‐south‐southeast oblique transtension followed by Late Triassic transpression, and similar tectonism probably affected adjacent portions of the Yarraman Block.
Predicting epidemiological transitions in infectious disease dynamics: Smallpox in historic London (1664-1930)

Mathematical modelling has become a powerful tool used to predict the spread of infectious diseases in populations. Successful analysis and modelling of historical infectious disease data can explain changes in the pattern of past epidemics and lead to a better understanding of epidemiological processes. The lessons learned can be used to predict future epidemics and help to improve public health strategies for control and eradication. This thesis is focused on the analysis and modelling of smallpox dynamics based on the weekly smallpox mortality records in London, England, 1664-1930. Statistical analysis of these records is presented. A timeline of significant historical events related to changes in variolation and vaccination uptake levels and demographics was established. These events were correlated with transitions observed in smallpox dynamics. Seasonality of the smallpox time series was investigated and the contact rate between susceptible and infectious individuals was found to be seasonally forced. Seasonal variations in smallpox transmission and changes in their seasonality over long time scale were estimated. The method of transition analysis, which is used to predict qualitative changes in epidemiological patterns, was used to explain the transitions observed in the smallpox time series. We found that the standard SIR model exhibits dynamics similar to the more realistic Gamma distributed SEIR model if the mean serial interval is chosen the same, so we used the standard SIR model for our analysis. We conclude that transitions observed in the temporal pattern of smallpox dynamics can be explained by the changes in birth, immigration and intervention uptake levels. This thesis is dedicated to my father, who nourished my curiosity in science and encouraged my pursuit of a Ph.D. degree.
Geochemistry of dikes and lavas from the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift: Insights into the four‐dimensional character of crustal construction at fast spreading mid‐ocean ridges

[1] An investigation of ∼1-m.y. -old dikes and lavas from the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift (2°15′N, 101°30′W) collected during Alvin expeditions provides a detailed view of the evolution of fast spreading oceanic crust. The study area encompasses 25 km of an east-west flow line, representing ∼370,000 years of crustal accretion at the East Pacific Rise. Samples analyzed exhibit depleted incompatible trace element abundances and ratios [(La/Sm)N < 1]. Indices of fractionation (MgO), and incompatible element ratios (La/Sm, Nb/Ti) show no systematic trends along flow line. Rather, over short (<4 m) and long (∼25 km) distances, significant variations are observed in major and trace element concentrations and ratios. Modeling of these variations attests to the juxtaposition of dikes of distinct parental magma compositions. These findings, combined with studies of segmentation of the subaxial magma chamber and lateral magma transport in dikes along rift-dominated systems, suggest a more realistic model of the magmatic system underlying the East Pacific Rise relative to the commonly assumed two-dimensional model. In this model, melts from a heterogeneous mantle feed distinct portions of a segmented axial magma reservoir. Dikes emanating from these distinct reservoirs transport magma along axis, resulting in interleaved dikes and host lavas with different evolutionary histories. This model suggests the use of axial or flow line lava compositions to infer the evolution of axial magma chambers should be approached with caution because dikes may never erupt lava or may transport magma significant distances along axis and erupt lavas far from their axial magma chamber of origin.
Equilibrium Response of an Atmosphere–Mixed Layer Ocean Model to Different Radiative Forcing Agents: Global and Zonal Mean Response

Abstract The equilibrium response to various forcing agents, including CO2, solar irradiance, tropospheric ozone, black carbon, organic carbon, sulfate, and volcanic aerosols, is investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a mixed layer ocean model. The experiments are carried out by altering each forcing agent separately. Realistic spatial patterns of forcing constituents are applied but the magnitude of the forcing is adjusted so that each forcing constituent yields approximately the same strength of radiative forcing. It is demonstrated that the global mean temperature response depends on the types of forcing agents and the efficacy with respect to CO2 forcing ranges from 58% to 100%. The smallest efficacy is seen in one of the black carbon experiments and is associated with negative cloud feedback. The sign of the cloud feedback is shown to be sensitive to the vertical distribution of black carbon. The feedback analysis suggests that the small efficacy in tropospheric ozone .
Early Upper Cambrian (Marjuman) linguliformean brachiopods from the Deadwood Formation

The Deadwood Formation is an Upper Cambrian to Lower Ordovician succession of sandstones, shales, siltstones and limestones that blanketed central western North America during the initial Phanerozoic transgression. This transgression led to a broad, shallow epeiric sea which onlapped the Transcontinental Arch to the east and was protected on its western—seaward—side by a system of carbonate platforms now exposed in the Rocky Mountains. The Deadwood Formation is mostly a subsurface unit, but several exposures exist in the northern Great Plains due to uplift by Eocene igneous intrusions. Linguliformean brachiopods were recovered from two areas: the Black Hills of South Dakota, and two subsurface cores from Alberta and Saskatchewan. Forty-five species of linguliformean brachiopods assigned to twenty-eight genera were recovered from these localities and described. Giving provisional names, one new family, Holmerellidae, one new subfamily, Neotretinae, five new genera, Amplitreta, Dianabella, Ganotoglossa, Holmerellus, and Vangaporosa, are erected and seventeen new species are described: Amplitreta cyclopis, Amplitreta elongata, aff. Anabolatreta tora, Canthylotreta parislata, Curticia pustulosa, Dianabella artemesia, Ganotoglossa leptotropis, Holmerellus convexus, Holmerellus, acuminatus, Holmerellus limbatus, Kotylotreta nupera, Linnarssonella tubicula, Opisthotreta nuda, Rhondellina albertensis, Tropidoglossa costata, Quadrisonia? sigmoidea, and Vangaporosa dakotaensis. The family Holmerellidae is distinguished by pitted larval shells and smooth postlarval shells, a feature that is unique in the Linguloidea. The composition of the new subfamily Neotretinae recognizes the evolutionary relationship of the genera Neotreta and
Radiometric characteristics of Triticum aestivum cv, Astral under water and nitrogen stress

Abstract The effect of nitrogen fertilization and water stress on the spectral signature of winter wheat Triticum aestivum cv. Astral were measured with a field radiometer over two years. Spectral reflectance of the canopy has been related to the most indicative physiological parameters (nitrogen and photosynthctic pigment content, biomass, leaf area and LAI), but only a few of these parameters can be estimated independently of plant treatment. The normalized difference vegetation index seems the most powerful spectral combination with which to estimate the total area of plant leaves and LAI. The nitrogen content of plants can also be related to a linear combination of green and red canopy reflectances independently of plant treatment. Relations between canopy reflectance and other physiological parameters are not independent of plant treatment.
Seismicity of Egypt

Earthquakes represent a major natural hazard, potentially resulting in loss of life and economic loss. For people who live in regions affected by major earthquakes, hazard-mitigation and risk-management decisions need to be made. These decisions must be based on forecasts of future earthquake rates. Existing technology does not allow direct prediction of future earthquakes, however. Instead, prior catalogs must be used to forecast future rates. The key basis of earthquake hazard analysis is thus, in a broad sense, the analysis of seismicity (Bolt, 1978). Seismotectonics is also often a substantial component of seismic hazard analysis and requires knowledge of the regional and local seismicity, geology, and tectonics. In Egypt the population as well as archaeological sites and sensitive construction are concentrated within a narrow belt around the Nile Valley, and buildings are not designed to resist earthquakes. Therefore relatively moderate earthquakes can be the source of huge socio-economic disasters. Recent damaging earthquakes (1969, 1974, 1981, 1992, 1995, 1999, and 2002) have called attention to the need for a better understanding of the seismicity and seismotectonics of Egypt, especially in and near populated areas and other strategic locations. The present study represents an attempt to re-evaluate earthquake activity in Egypt during the last century, synthesizing information from newly available comprehensive catalogs. Focal mechanism solutions of recent earthquakes and recalculations of old mechanisms, in addition to published CMT solutions, are used for better understanding of the seismotectonics of Egypt. Egypt has a very long historical record of earthquakes going back four millennia. Moreover, detailed and reliable information is available for several destructive earthquakes in both historical and recent times. Based on various published catalogs, we have constructed a new comprehensive catalog of earthquakes recorded in the vicinity of Egypt from 2200 B.C. to 2004. The new catalog is available upon request to …
Frailty in cerebellar ischemic stroke—The significance of temporal muscle thickness

While comprising only 2% of all ischemic strokes, cerebellar strokes are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality due to their subtle initial presentation and the morbidity of posterior fossa swelling. Furthermore, low temporal muscle thickness (TMT) has recently been identified as a prognostic imaging parameter to assess patient frailty and outcome. We analyzed radiological and clinical data sets of 282 patients with cerebellar ischemic stroke. Our analysis showed a significant association between low TMT, reduced NIHSS and mRS at discharge (p = 0.035, p = 0.004), and reduced mRS at 12 months (p = 0.001). TMT may be used as a prognostic imaging marker and objective tool to assess outcomes in patients with cerebellar ischemic stroke.
FACIES AND FAUNAS AT THE WENLOCK/LUDLOW BOUNDARY OF WENLOCK EDGE, SHROPSHIRE

Variations in facies and faunas are described in the Wenlock Limestone, Lower Elton Beds and basal Middle Elton Beds of Wenlock Edge, Shropshire. As in a number of earlier descriptions the Wenlock Limestone outcrop is divided into reef and non-reef areas; five lithofacies are described from the former and three from the latter. In the Lower Elton Beds two distinct lithofacies embrace three overlapping faunal assemblages, all of which have a dominant Wenlock aspect. Criteria based on lithology and shelly and graptolitic faunas are discussed in relation to the position of the Wenlock/Ludlow boundary. It is concluded that there is no recognisable faunal change across the boundary as currently defined at the junction of the Lower Elton Beds and the Wenlock Limestone. There is, however, a major shelly faunal change at the junction of the Lower and Middle Elton Beds. This horizon, which is also marked by a lithological change, appears to coincide with the base of the graptolite zone of Pristiograptus nilssoni.
Effectiveness of orange almond potato cookie vs. orange potato cookie supplementation on nutritional wellbeing of the Indonesian stunted preschool-aged children during COVID-19 pandemic

Background Preschool-aged children who experience stunting due to insufficient consumption of macro- and micronutrients exhibit weakened immune systems, rendering them susceptible to contracting COVID-19 during the ongoing epidemic. Therefore, it is imperative to implement interventions aimed at enhancing the nutritional status of preschool-aged children by providing them with nutrient-rich food supplements as a preventive measure against illness transmission. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of incorporating potato almond orange cookies into the diet on the nutritional status of preschool-aged children who are experiencing stunting. Methods A non-randomized pre-post intervention study was done on 42 individuals aged 12–58 months during 4 weeks. The intervention group was provided with almond potato cookies, while the control group was given orange potato cookies. During the study period, educational sessions on balanced nutrition in preschool-aged children with stunting and COVID-19 were provided to the mothers of both groups. The data analysis involved conducting univariate and bivariate analyses, namely utilizing the independent t-test. Results The intervention group exhibited the most significant enhancements in -for-Age Z-score. The mean -for-Age Z-score of the intervention group increased by 0.51 (from −3.15 to −2.64), whereas the control group saw a smaller gain of 0.25 (from −2.69 to −2.44). This increase was influenced by the mother’s age; mother’s education; father’s occupation; family size; good sanitation facilities; healthy home environment; and fat, calcium, and zinc intake from the cookies (p < 0.05). From the perspective of knowledge about balanced nutrition and COVID-19, there was no significant difference in the -for-Age Z-score in the intervention group. Conclusion The ingestion of orange almond potato cookies has the potential to enhance the nutritional wellbeing of children in the preschool age group who are experiencing stunted growth.
Basement-controlled Neogene polyphase cover thrusting and basin development along the Chianti Mountains ridge (Northern Apennines, Italy)

The Chianti Mountains is an important sector of an E-verging regional thrust-related fold (the so-called Tuscan Nappe) extending along the whole length of the Northern Apennines. This thrust system involves the Tuscan Sequence superposing the Macigno sandstones onto Cervarola-Falterona sandstones, both of which are sedimented in adjacent foredeep basins. Detailed field mapping and analysis of superposition relations among tectonic structures, as well as correlation between structures and syntectonic deposition, has allowed Chianti Mountain evolution to be interpreted in terms of three main stages of deformation. The D1 stage resulted in the NE-directed synsedimentary thrusting of the Macigno onto the Cervarola-Falterona sandstones, while large NE to ENE-vergent thrust-related folds developed during the two successive deformation stages (D2 and D3). Fault-propagation folds developed during the D2 stage, and were affected by the Main Chianti Mountains Thrust (MCMT) during the successive D3 stage. In particular, the D3 stage has been correlated to the development, during the Pliocene period, of the hinterland Upper Valdarno Basin, which was previously considered to be an extensional basin. In fact, this continental basin formed along the eastern margin of the Chianti Mountains, ahead of the MCMT that also produced a shortening of the basin fill. With the beginning of the Quaternary period, the tectonic regime switched to extensional, as manifested by the development of a normal fault system on the opposite basin margin. The data presented here allow us to infer that the Chianti Mountains thrust system (D2 and D3) developed during a time interval spanning from the Late Miocene (∼12 Ma) until the Late Pliocene (∼2 Ma) periods. In the Northern Apennines, polyphase thrusting recorded by cover rocks has been related to the activity of basement thrusts, which have been recently evidenced by geophysical data. In this context, the two latest stages of deformation recognised in the Chianti Mountains have been attributed to the activity of the Abetone–Cetona crustal thrust, the deformational effects of which propagated forward in the sedimentary cover.
Examining the Mediating Role of Product Innovation in the Association between Marketing Intelligence and Competitive Advantage: An Applied Study on Telecommunications Companies in Egypt

This study examines the association between marketing intelligence and competitive advantage in telecommunications companies in Egypt. Specifically, it investigates the role of product innovation from the managers' perspective as a mediator. The quantitative method was applied. Primary data was collected through an online questionnaire from managers dealing with marketing intelligence in telecommunications companies in Egypt. A convenience sampling technique was used. The sample size was 400 with valid responses of 384. Data was analyzed via (SPSS v22). The findings confirm the significant association between marketing intelligence and competitive advantage, and product innovation mediates that association. Additionally, the model has a high ability to predict competitive advantage through marketing intelligence and product innovation. The study recommends that telecommunications companies should depend more on marketing intelligence to speed up product innovation and achieve competitive advantage compared with competitors.