Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Healthcare services: A systematic review of patient-centric logistics issues using simulation

Abstract Healthcare has material-centric external and patient-centric internal logistics. Researchers widely use simulation approaches to model healthcare internal logistics due to the problem complexity. There is a need to map the existing knowledge base to systematically identify the emerging research themes of this domain. This work presents a systematic literature review to identify the patient-centric logistics issues in healthcare modelled using simulation. In all, 583 papers published from 2008 to 2017 in the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science database have been collected; 238 articles were shortlisted for the review. Using keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis, thirteen research clusters are identified, with eight of them central to the research domain and deserving further attention. Among the simulation approaches, discrete event simulation is most prevalent followed by hybrid approaches (that use two or more simulation techniques or simulation combined with analytical methods), system dynamics, agent-based simulation, and Monte Carlo simulation.
Transgender youth and oral health: a qualitative study

Abstract Transgender youth face several comorbidities with oral health implications, including depression, harmful eating behaviors, and pharmaceutical side-effects. No information exists on how transgender youth view oral health or how they interface with oral health providers. The purpose of this study was to elicit experiences, knowledge, and perceptions of oral health among transgender youth and their caregivers. This was a qualitative study using in-person and telephone interviews with English-speaking transgender youth (12–24 years old), with and without their caregivers. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide and transcribed verbatim. Statements from interviews were coded by theme. Recruitment ended when thematic saturation was reached, determined by investigators. 16 patients and 16 caregivers completed interviews. Overall, participants indicated no connection between transitioning and oral health. Many reported abandoning self-care, including oral health practices. Patients and caregivers alike did not prioritize disclosing transition-related information with oral health providers, despite uncertainty on the effects of related treatments on the oral cavity. At a time when transitioning youth may be in contact with health care providers more frequently and may be more inclined to share transition related details with them, the healthcare provider is uniquely positioned to encourage improved oral health emphasis and outcomes.
Soil fertility status controls the decomposition of litter mixture residues

Increasing agroecosystem biodiversity with cover crops can restore many ecosystem functions that are lost with simpli ﬁ ed crop rotations. Mixtures of species with complementary plant traits, such as legumes and grasses, may increase multiple functions at once, including soil nutrient supply and retention, which depend on microbial decomposition dynamics. Litter mixtures can stimulate decomposition compared to individual species, and decomposition also varies with soil properties. However, the interactive effect of cover crop functional type and soil fertility status on decomposition are not known. Here, we tested for mixture effects with a legume – grass litter in soils with lower and higher levels of fertility. We also identi ﬁ ed speci ﬁ c soil properties that are associated with those effects. We incubated hairy vetch, cereal rye, and vetch-rye litter treatments for 360 d in two soils from ﬁ elds with contrasting management histories and fertility levels, as de ﬁ ned by biological indicators such as particulate organic matter (POM) pools. We measured decomposition dynamics through respired CO 2 , microbial biomass, microbial extracellular enzyme activity, and inorganic nitrogen (N) mineralization. With no litter addition, the soil with larger POM pools had twofold greater microbial biomass C, seven times more net N mineralization, and respired 58% more CO 2 . Across both soils, after 30 d microbial biomass C increased by 58 – 208% following litter addition, and litter addition signi ﬁ cantly increased CO 2 production compared to the no-litter control. However, there was no difference in the magnitude of CO 2 production among cover crop treatments and soils after litter addition. The lower fertility soil had a greater response to the litter C input for CO 2 production and enzyme activities in soil. Furthermore, the size and N content of free and intra-aggregate POM pools were associated with differences in the microbial response to litter addition. Our results demonstrate that cover crop litter affects microbial decomposition dynamics differently in soils with distinct soil fertility levels and suggests that new C inputs have larger effects in lower fertility soils. Understanding how soils with different fertility levels respond to diverse cover crops, including mixtures, will inform management of agroecosystems for sustainability.
A Role for Subducted Oceanic Crust in Generating the Depleted Mid‐Ocean Ridge Basalt Mantle

The composition of Earth's mantle, continental crust, and oceanic crust continuously evolve in response to the dynamic forces of plate tectonics and mantle convection. The classical view of terrestrial geochemistry, where mid‐ocean ridges sample mantle previously depleted by continental crust extraction, broadly explains the composition of the oceanic and continental crust but is potentially inconsistent with observed slab subduction to the lower mantle and oceanic crust accumulation in the deep mantle. We develop a box model to explore the key processes controlling crust‐mantle chemical evolution. The model mimics behaviors observed in thermochemical convection simulations including subducted oceanic crust separating and accumulating in the deep mantle. We demonstrate that oceanic crust accumulation strongly depletes the mantle independently of continental crust extraction. Slab stalling depths and continental crust recycling rates also affect the extent and location of mantle depletion. We constrain model regimes that reproduce oceanic and continental crust compositions using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. Some regimes deplete the lower mantle more than the upper mantle, contradicting the assumption of a more enriched lower mantle. All regimes require oceanic crust accumulation in the mantle. Though a small fraction of the mantle mass, accumulated oceanic crust can sequester trace element budgets exceeding the continental crust, depleting the mantle more than continental crust extraction alone. Oceanic crust accumulation may therefore be as important as continental crust extraction in depleting the mantle, contradicting the paradigmatic complementarity of depleted mantle and continental crust. Instead, depleted mantle is complementary to continental crust plus sequestered oceanic crust.
Knowledge and Practices on Menstrual Hygiene Management Among Adolescent Girls of Kaski District, Nepal

The study was conducted to understand the cultural and social practices and knowledge prevailing on menstrual hygiene management among adolescent girls in Nepal. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 122 adolescent girls of class VII to X at three schools of Kaski district, Nepal. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used for assessing socio-demographic profiles, knowledge, and experiences on menstruation, practices (social and cultural) regarding menstrual hygiene management. The data collected were analysed using SPSS version 23 for windows. The mean age at menarche was found to be 12.5±0.9. The majority (73%) girls were aware of menstruation prior to the attainment of it. Most of them got the information from mother (45.9%), the majority (69.7%) used sanitary pad as the absorbents, however, most of them (78.4%) throw the sanitary pad in the garbage. Many cultural and social taboos and restrictions were found associated with menstruation. The majority (91.8%) were not allowed to participate in religious activities, 45.1% were not allowed to touch things in the house, two- thirds (67.2%) were not allowed to cook, and 60.7% were not allowed to enter the kitchen. Most of the adolescent girls were isolated even from normal daily activities and they were not happy with these restrictions during the menstruation. Instead, they urged the need for more support, care, and hygienic practices for proper hygiene management to lead a healthy life. This paper reflects the actual knowledge and practices prevailed in the society during menstruation and emphasizes on providing the correct knowledge on health and helping to correctly practice hygiene during menstruation. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 7, Issue-3: 169-175
Protoplanetary Disk Rings as Sites for Planetesimal Formation

Axisymmetric dust rings are a ubiquitous feature of young protoplanetary disks. These rings are likely caused by pressure bumps in the gas profile; a small bump can induce a traffic-jam-like pattern in the dust density, while a large bump may halt radial dust drift entirely. The resulting increase in dust concentration may trigger planetesimal formation by the streaming instability (SI), as the SI itself requires some initial concentration of dust. Here we present the first 3D simulations of planetesimal formation in the presence of a pressure bump modeled specifically after those seen by Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We place a pressure bump at the center of a large 3D shearing box, along with an initial solid-to-gas ratio of Z = 0.01, and we include both particle back-reaction and particle self-gravity. We consider millimeter-sized and centimeter-sized particles separately. For simulations with centimeter-sized particles, we find that even a small pressure bump leads to the formation of planetesimals via the SI; a pressure bump does not need to fully halt radial particle drift for the SI to become efficient. Furthermore, pure gravitational collapse via concentration in pressure bumps (such as would occur at sufficiently high concentrations and without the SI) is not responsible for planetesimal formation. For millimeter-sized particles, we find tentative evidence that planetesimal formation does not occur. If this result is confirmed at higher resolution, it could put strong constraints on where planetesimals can form. Ultimately, our results show that for centimeter-sized particles planetesimal formation in pressure bumps is extremely robust.
Study on Physiological Parameters and Economics of Rice Cultivation under Different Establishment Methods and Water Management Practices

A field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, during summer 2019 to study about the changes in physiological parameters of rice under various establishment and water management strategies and Original Research Article Selvakumar et al.; CJAST, 39(20): 123-131, 2020; Article no.CJAST. 59041 124 to find out the suitable method of rice establishment and irrigation management practices for tank irrigated command areas during water scarcity situation. Field experiment comprised of four establishment methods in combination with four irrigation management strategies. Medium duration fine grain rice variety TKM 13 was used for the study. Results of the study revealed that machine transplanting under unpuddled soil combined with irrigation after formation of hairline crack recorded improved physiological parameters and yield. It was on par with machine transplanting under unpuddled soil combined with irrigation when water level reaches 5 cm below soil surface. Higher gross return, net return and B:C ratio were observed with machine transplanting under unpuddled soil combined with irrigation after formation of hairline crack. This was followed by machine transplanting under unpuddled soil combined with irrigation when water level reaches 5 cm below soil. Hence, the result of study concluded that machine transplanting under unpuddled soil combined with irrigation when water level reaches 5 cm below soil surface can be recommended as the suitable technology for the farmers of tank irrigated command area to get higher return with minimum use of resources under water scarcity situation.
Durability of Concrete Containing PFA-GGBS By-products

Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) and Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA) were used to replace up to 60% of Portland cement (PC) in concrete. The testing program of the concrete included the determination of the consistency of fresh concrete, the measurement of the density and compressive strength of the hardened products cured for up to 56 days and the evaluation of their durability via visual inspections and strength loss calculations after the freeze and thaw cycles. The results showed that the blend proportion and type had affected the consistency of the fresh concrete. Replacing the PC with 20% for PFA or 40% for GGBS had similar performances as the control mix. The durability of concrete subject to freeze and thaw had little effect on the concrete specimens. It was observed that the concrete without blends suffered the worst, resulting in chips along the edges of the cube and scaling of the faces compared to mixes with 20% GGBS and 20% PFA which resulted in increased durability. However, blended concrete exhibited more loss in strength compared to the concrete without cement blends.
Deciphering Challenges of Teaching English for Specific Purposes to Medical Students: Needs, Lacks, Students' Preferences, and Efficacy of the Courses

This study set out to examine the main challenges of teaching English for specific purposes (ESP) to medical students regarding their current foreign language needs, lacks, and preferences. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with 140 medical students. The findings indicated that in terms of language skills and tasks, the current English for medical purposes (EMP) courses do not meet the needs of medical students and the participants preferred ESP courses that emphasize all the four language skills. Moreover, they were not satisfied with the presented materials and methodology and favored approaches that deploy visual and multimedia modes of presentation. In the case of ESP teachers, it was found that even though the students were mainly satisfied with their ESP teachers, some significant points that are expected to be followed in ESP courses including considering students' needs and difficulties, introducing target discourse communities, practicing relevant genres, providing supplementary materials, and using authentic materials were not taken into account by ESP practitioners. Students also noted other factors, such as limited time, the number of credit hours, the way credits are distributed, and heterogeneous classes, which get in the way of achieving the goals and objectives behind EMP courses. In conclusion, concerning various challenges in ESP classes, more attention should be paid to the course design, technology can be utilized effectively, communicative approaches can be applied, and efficient use of time needs to be considered.
Effect of strain along C-axis NbS2

We have studied electronic properties of double layered hexagonal structure of the Niobium Di-Sulphide (2H-NbS2) superconductor for various strains introduced along the c-axis using ab-initio calculations. The DFT calculations based on Full Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (FPLAPW) method are performed using the ELK code. The total energy curve (E vs a), Density of States (DOS) and the Band structure calculations obtained in this work are matching with the earlier reports. The Pressure-Volume (P-V) diagram for 2H-NbS2 was obtained using the Equation of State(EOS) calculations, which provides the relationship between the pressure and strain applied along the c-axis. The band structures for various strains ranging from 0 percent to 10 percent along c-axis in steps of 2 percent are obtained. We note that there are increasing number of bands crossing over the Fermi energy level with increase in strain. Thus, we conclude that with increasing strain along c-axis, number of conduction bands crossing the EF increases, which gives rise to more conduction states and hence higher conductivity.
Comparison of visual and molecular taxonomic methods to identify ichthyoplankton in the North Sea

The North Sea is an important spawning and nursery ground for many demersal and pelagic fishes whose spawning areas are largely overlapping in time and space. This makes ichthyoplankton visual identification from the various species particularly challenging. Despite historically intensive research in the area, detailed information on spawning sites and times for many taxa, are incomplete. To update and detail the mapping of fish spawning performance and distribution in the central and northern regions of the North Sea, the performance of a visual method and a molecular taxonomic approach used for taxonomic classification of ichthyoplankton was evaluated. Samples of fish eggs and larvae were collected regularly and in parallel at different latitudinal locations from the central to the northern North Sea, including a sample with 78 larvae used for direct comparison between both methods. A total of 5332 individuals were inspected and 36 different species were identified. The visual processing identified 89% of the collected larvae to species level, however, for the eggs the taxonomic resolution was lower with only 5% identified to species level. In comparison to visual identification, molecular barcoding gave higher precision of identification for larvae and especially for the eggs. For the larvae, 98% were assigned to species level, and for the eggs 94% were assigned to species level. We find that molecular barcoding is more effective and precise in taxonomic identification of both eggs and larvae to species level. However, visual identification is still needed to provide information on the developmental stages.
A Pathway to Thin GaAs Virtual Substrate on On‐Axis Si (001) with Ultralow Threading Dislocation Density

With recent developments in high‐speed and high‐power electronics and Si‐based photonic integration, the concept of monolithic III–V/Si integration through epitaxial methods is gaining momentum. However, the performance and reliability of epitaxially grown devices are still limited by defects in the semiconductor material, especially the threading dislocation density (TDD). Herein, a novel “asymmetric step‐graded filter” structure grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is proposed based on a systematic study of the commonly used techniques for threading dislocation reduction for high‐quality GaAs on Si (001) growth. The proposed structure greatly enhances the plastic relaxation in the filter layers. A surface TDD lower than 2 × 106 cm−2 is achieved with a total buffer thickness of only 2.55 μm. This provides a clear pathway to further reduce defect density down to the theoretical limit in the 105 cm−2 regime with a thin buffer structure.
Inequalities in Children's Experiences of Home Learning during the COVID‐19 Lockdown in England

Abstract This paper combines novel data on the time use, home‐learning practices and economic circumstances of families with children during the COVID‐19 lockdown with pre‐lockdown data from the UK Time Use Survey to characterise the time use of children and how it changed during lockdown, and to gauge the extent to which changes in time use and learning practices during this period are likely to reinforce the already large gaps in educational attainment between children from poorer and better‐off families. We find considerable heterogeneity in children's learning experiences – amount of time spent learning, activities undertaken during this time and availability of resources to support learning. Concerningly, but perhaps unsurprisingly, this heterogeneity is strongly associated with family income and in some instances more so than before lockdown. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that any impacts of inequalities in time spent learning between poorer and richer children are likely to be compounded by inequalities not only in learning resources available at home, but also in those provided by schools.
QUALITY EVALUATION OF YOGHURT FROM COWMILK , SOYMILK AND COW / SOYMILK

Proximate analyses carried out on samples of cow milk, soymilk and cow/soymilk Yoghurts showed significant difference (P<0.05) in the % crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrate contents. For crude protein they were 3.49 ± 0.04, 2.78 ± 0.13 and 2.02 ± 0.4 for cow yoghurt, cow/soy yoghurt and soy yoghurt respectively. However, there was no significant difference (P<0.05) in their moisture content and crude fibre. The carbohydrate content of the soy yoghurt had the highest value of 4.79± 0.06 while that of the cow/soy yoghurt and cow yoghurt had lesser values of 4.28± 0.03 and 3.45± 0.46 respectively. Sensory evaluation conducted showed that there was no significant difference (P<0.05) in their tastes and overall acceptability. However, there were significant differences (P<0.05) in colour, aroma and mouth feel. The overall result showed that yoghurt from soy base could compete favourably with the yoghurt from cow base-reference product.
Measuring credit risk in family firms

This article attempts to identify the default risk measure which best reflects the idiosyncratic context of public family firms. Seven accounting- and market-based measures are compared over a sample of 981 US family and non-family firms for the period 2000–2016. The results show that the Black–Scholes–Merton (BSM) measure gives the best fit in both types of firm. However, all the accounting-based measures, especially Altman’s Z-score, come closest to the market-based measures when used to assess the credit risk of family firms. The two types of measures also coincide more closely in their default risk orderings of family than of non-family firms. Useful practical implications can be drawn from these findings, which show that accounting-based measures can be used reliably in the absence of market data for family firms with similar characteristics to those in our sample. JEL CLASSIFICATION: G32; G33; G13; C52; M21; M41
THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON EMPLOYMENT AT REGIONAL LEVEL: THE CASE OF TURKEY

Dunya genelinde teknoloji hizla gelismektedir. Teknolojinin istihdam yaratip yaratmadigiysa literaturde siklikla tartisilmaktadir. Bu konuyla ilgili iki farkli gorus vardir. Ilki, teknolojinin yeni is alanlari yarattigini iddia eden emek yanli gorustur. Ikinci gorus ise, teknolojinin emek yerine sermayeyi ikame ettigini ileri suren emek tasarufu gorusudur. Bu calisma, Turkiye icin bolgesel duzeyde teknolojinin istihdam uzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Veri seti, Duzey 1 kapsamindaki 12 bolge icin 2010-2017 donemini kapsamaktadir. Dinamik sistem GMM tahmin yonteminden elde edilen sonuclara gore, kadin calisanlarin istihdami aksine, arastirma ve gelistirme harcamalari ile genel istihdam, erkek istihdami ve yuksek ogrenim mezunlu istihdam arasinda anlamli bir iliski bulunmaktadir. Bununla birlikte, bu iliski ters-U seklinde olup, yuksek ogrenim mezunlu istihdamda daha belirgindir.