Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON NURSE PERFORMANCE IN TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) has established a Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) strategy. Carrying out the DOTS strategy, the public health center is running the TB Prevention and Treatment program, in Indonesia it is called prevention and countermeasures of tuberculosis (P2TB) but in reality, the P2TB program has not been effectively implemented. Health workers who play an important role in carrying out their roles and duties in society are nurses. One of the efforts to improve the performance of nurses in TB treatment is the application of transformational leadership. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the results of the past 10 years of research related to the influence of transformational leadership on nurse performance in tuberculosis treatment. Design: This study design is a literature review to search and review article from database and theory underlying this study or guidance in this literature review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and PRISMA. Data Sources: The data base used in the article searches used include: Science Direct, PubMed, Google scholar, EBSCO using the keywords transformational leadership, nurse performance, tuberculosis treatment. The articles used are those between the years 2009-2019. Review Methods: The review method for this literature review using a narrative method by classifying the similar extracted data according to the research findings. Results: The main component of transformational leadership to improve The performance of nurses to play a more optimal role in an effective and efficient TB treatment effort is an idealized influence, which is that nurses have charismatic, in the fact that nurses in providing nursing care in the community must provide good paragons and become role models in the field of good health to individuals, families, groups and communities about how to live clean and healthy as behavior that can be imitated by the community, inspirational motivation for nurses as health teacher educators or health counselling which is a part of health promotion, the nurse's intellectual stimulation empowers communities to solve health problems in the community through small group discussions, and individual consideration, in this case the nurse's duty is as an advice provider and counseling is highly important and beneficial for the community. In order to achieve the fulfillment of the roles and responsibilities of nurses, there must be inner motivation among nurses in order that they can provide decent motivation to the community. Conclusion: Transformational leadership can be applied to improve the performance of nurses in TB treatment efforts.
Reference diameter and characteristics of the distal radial artery based on ultrasonographic assessment

Background/Aims While distal radial artery (DRA) access is increasingly being used for diagnostic coronary angiography, limited information is available regarding DRA size. We aimed to determine the DRA reference diameters of Korean patients and identify the predictors of DRA diameter < 2.3 mm. Methods The outer bilateral DRA diameters were assessed using a linear ultrasound probe in 1,162 consecutive patients who underwent transthoracic echocardiography. The DRA diameter was measured by the perpendicular angle in the dorsum of the hand, and the average values were compared by sex. DRA diameter < 2.3 mm was defined as unsuitable for routine diagnostic coronary angiography using a 5 Fr introducer sheath. Results The mean DRA diameters were 2.31 ± 0.43 mm (right) and 2.35 ± 0.45 mm (left). The DRA was smaller in women than men (right: 2.15 ± 0.38 mm vs. 2.43 ± 0.44 mm, p < 0.001; left: 2.18 ± 0.39 mm vs. 2.47 ± 0.45 mm, p < 0.001). The DRA diameter was approximately 20% smaller than the radial artery diameter. A total of 630 (54.2%) and 574 (49.4%) patients had DRA diameter < 2.3 mm in the right and left hands, respectively. Female sex, low body mass index (BMI), and low body surface area (BSA) were significant predictors of DRA diameter < 2.3 mm. Conclusions We provided reference DRA diameters for Korean patients. Approximately 50% of the studied patients had DRA diameter < 2.3 mm. Female sex, low BMI, and low BSA remained significant predictors of DRA diameter < 2.3 mm.
Microbiome of the Skin and Gut in Atopic Dermatitis (AD): Understanding the Pathophysiology and Finding Novel Management Strategies

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a long-standing inflammatory skin disease that is highly prevalent worldwide. Multiple factors contribute to AD, with genetics as well as the environment affecting disease development. Although AD shows signs of skin barrier defect and immunological deviation, the mechanism underlying AD is not well understood, and AD treatment is often very difficult. There is substantial data that AD patients have a disturbed microbial composition and lack microbial diversity in their skin and gut compared to controls, which contributes to disease onset and atopic march. It is not clear whether microbial change in AD is an outcome of barrier defect or the cause of barrier dysfunction and inflammation. However, a cross-talk between commensals and the immune system is now noticed, and their alteration is believed to affect the maturation of innate and adaptive immunity during early life. The novel concept of modifying skin and gut microbiome by applying moisturizers that contain nonpathogenic biomass or probiotic supplementation during early years may be a preventive and therapeutic option in high risk groups, but currently lacks evidence. This review discusses the nature of the skin and gut flora in AD, possible mechanisms of skin–gut interaction, and the therapeutic implications of microbiome correction in AD.
On the structure of the Selberg class, VI: non-linear twists

of functions F (s) of degree 1 in the extended Selberg class S ]. Precisely, denoting by qF and θF respectively the conductor and the shift of F (s) (see below for definitions) and writing nα = qFα, we proved that for α > 0 the twist F (s, α) has meromorphic continuation to σ > 0, and it has a simple pole at s = 1 − iθF if and only if nα ∈ N and a(nα) 6= 0 (see Theorem 7.1 of [7]). In [7] we exploited such analytic properties in order to characterize the functions of degree 1 in S ]. In particular, we proved that the only functions of degree 1 in the Selberg class S are the Riemann zeta function ζ(s) and the shifted Dirichlet L-functions L(s+ iθ, χ), with θ ∈ R and primitive characters χ. It turns out that Theorem 7.1 of [7] is a special case of a general result for functions in S] of any degree d > 0. To see this, for d > 0, α ∈ R and F ∈ S] with degree d we consider the non-linear twist
The Advantage of ‘Near’: Which Accessibilities Matter to Whom?

This paper explores people’s preferences for living close to destinations such as work, service, leisure and social activities, satisfaction with the proximities offered by their residential location, as well as more general residential satisfaction. The paper draws on the literature on accessibility, residential choice and residential preferences, and is empirically based on a survey targeted at individuals aged 20-64 in the Swedish population. The results suggest that ‘proximity preferences’ are structured by both practical and social rationales. Preferences also differ to varying degrees between groups with respect to gender, age and type of residential environment. Selfreported distances are short for virtually all destinations except those relating to social relations. People’s satisfaction with their residential location relative to their everyday life accessibility needs is also explored in regression analyses. The findings imply that residential location satisfaction is related to type of residential environment, dwelling type/tenure, whether the respondents had considered moving to increase the proximity to certain destinations, and their level of satisfaction with the distances from home to various destinations.
Additive Schwarz preconditioners for the obstacle problem of clamped Kirchhoff plates

When the obstacle problem of clamped Kirchhoff plates is discretized by a partition of unity method, the resulting discrete variational inequalities can be solved by a primal-dual active set algorithm. In this paper we develop and analyze additive Schwarz preconditioners for the systems that appear in each iteration of the primal-dual active set algorithm. Numerical results that corroborate the theoretical estimates are also presented.
Muslim Schools in Britain: Challenging mobilisations or logical developments?

There are currently over 100 independent and seven state-funded Muslim schools in Britain yet their place within the British education system remains a hotly debated issue. This article argues that Muslim mobilisations for the institutional and financial incorporation of more Muslim schools into the national framework are best understood as an addition to—or continuation of—a historical settlement between earlier religious minorities, the established church, and the state. To this end the article begins by assessing the relationship between governmental policy and the nature of Muslim identities that are presently informing Muslim mobilisations. It then addresses the arguments against Muslim schooling found in some of the broader philosophical, political, and sociological literature. Particular attention is afforded to the issue of autonomy, the role of civic assimilation in the remaking of British-Muslim constituencies as well as Muslim curriculum objectives and their implications for social cohesion. The article concludes that Muslim schools can herald a constructive addition to the educational landscape and serve as an effective method of integrating religious minorities into a matrix of British citizenship.
An Intelligent Lightning Warning System Based on Electromagnetic Field and Neural Network

Prediction of lightning occurrence has significant relevance for reducing potential damage to electric installations, buildings, and humans. However, the existing lightning warning system (LWS) operates using the threshold method and has low prediction accuracy. In this paper, an intelligent LWS based on an electromagnetic field and the artificial neural network was developed for improving lightning prediction accuracy. An electric field mill sensor and a pair of loop antennas were designed to detect the real-time electric field and the magnetic field induced by lightning, respectively. The change rate of electric field, temperature, and humidity acquired 2 min before lightning strikes, were used for developing the neural network using the back propagation algorithm. After observing and predicting lightning strikes over six months, it was verified that the proposed LWS had a prediction accuracy of 93.9%.
System satisfaction, contact satisfaction, and trust in the police

Several studies have found that citizens’ trust in the police is influenced by everyday encounters with the police. However, one important factor has been largely omitted from studies about contact and trust: citizens’ overall satisfaction with the functioning of their country’s political system and economy. What we label “system satisfaction” may influence both trust in the police and experiences and interpretations of encounters with the police. Using data from the European Social Survey, we investigate how system satisfaction is related to trust in the police in Norway, and the degree to which it accounts for or moderates the relationship between contact and trust. Our findings suggest that system satisfaction is highly significant for trust in the police. However, it does not seem to account for or moderate the relationship between contact satisfaction and trust. Thus, system satisfaction and direct contact experience appear to effects trust in the police independently.
Carbon recombination lines towards the Riegel–Crutcher cloud and other cold H i regions in the inner Galaxy

In the first paper of the series, Roshi, Kantharia & Anantharamaiah published the Galactic plane survey of carbon recombination lines (CRRLs) at 327 MHz. CRRLs were extensively detected from the inner Galaxy (longitudes <20°). We report here, for the first time, the association of low-frequency CRRLs with H i self-absorbing clouds in the inner Galaxy and that the CRRLs from the innermost ∼10° of the Galaxy arise in the Riegel–Crutcher (R–C) cloud. The R–C cloud is amongst the most well known of H i self-absorbing (HISA) regions located at a distance of about 125 pc in the Galactic Centre direction. Taking the R–C cloud as an example, we demonstrate that the physical properties of the HISA can be constrained by combining multifrequency CRRLs and H i observations. The derived physical properties of the HISA cloud are used to determine the cooling and heating rates. The dominant cooling process is emission of the C ii 158 μm line whereas the dominant heating process in the cloud interior is photoelectric emission. Constraints on the far-ultraviolet flux (G0 ∼ 4–7) falling on the R–C cloud are obtained by assuming thermal balance between the dominant heating and cooling processes. The H2 formation rate per unit volume in the cloud interior is ∼10−10–10−12 s−1 cm−3, which far exceeds the H2 dissociation rate per unit volume. We conclude that the self-absorbing cold H i gas in the R–C cloud may be in the process of converting to the molecular form. The cold H i gas observed as HISA features is ubiquitous in the inner Galaxy and forms an important part of the interstellar medium. Our analysis shows that combining CRRLs and H i data can give important insights into the nature of this cold gas. We also estimate the integration times required to image the CRRL-forming region with the upcoming Square Kilometre Array Pathfinders. Imaging with the Murchison Widefield Array telescope is feasible with reasonable observing times.
Fault-Driven Minimal Structurally Overdetermined Set in a Distributed Context

Distributed diagnosis is important for on-board systems as a way to reduce computational costs or for large geographically distributed systems that require minimizing data transfer. This paper presents a distributed diagnosis framework for continuous systems that only requires the knowledge of local models and limited knowledge of their neighboring subsystems. We introduce the notion of Fault-Driven Minimal Structurally Overdetermined (FMSO) set as the corner stone of the design of residual generators. We show that all the FMSO sets of the global system can be obtained in a distributed manner from so-called shared FMSO sets and shared CMSO sets that are computed along a structural approach for every local site.
Detection of CI line emission towards the oxygen-rich AGB star omi Ceti

We present the detection of neutral atomic carbon CI( 3 P 1 - 3 P 0 ) line emission towards omi Cet. This is the first time that CI is detected in the envelope around an oxygen-rich M-type asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star. We also confirm the previously tentative CI detection around V Hya, a carbon-rich AGB star. As one of the main photodissociation products of parent species in the circumstellar envelope (CSE) around evolved stars, CI can be used to trace sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in CSEs. The observed flux density towards omi Cet can be reproduced by a shell with a peak atomic fractional abundance of 2.4 × 10 -5 predicted based on a simple chemical model where CO is dissociated by the interstellar radiation field. However, the CI emission is shifted by ∼4 km s -1 from the stellar velocity. Based on this velocity shift, we suggest that the detected CI emission towards omi Cet potentially arises from a compact region near its hot binary companion. The velocity shift could, therefore, be the result of the orbital velocity of the binary companion around omi Cet. In this case, the CI column density is estimated to be 1.1 × 10 19 cm -2 . This would imply that strong UV radiation from the companion and/or accretion of matter between two stars is most likely the origin of the CI enhancement. However, this hypothesis can be confirmed by high-angular resolution observations.
Do Credit Conditions Move House Prices?

o what extent did an expansion and contraction of credit drive the housing boom and bust? The existing literature lacks consensus, with findings ranging from credit having no effect to credit driving the entire house price cycle. We show that the key difference behind these disparate results is how rental markets are modeled: assuming perfect segmentation between rental and owner-occupied housing leads to large effects of credit on house prices, while assuming frictionless rental markets makes credit irrelevant for house prices. We develop a model with frictional rental markets that nests both extremes and allows us to consider intermediate cases. We argue that the relative elasticity of the price-to-rent ratio and homeownership with respect to an identified credit shock is a sufficient statistic to measure these frictions, estimate this moment, and use it to calibrate our model. Our result imply that rental markets are highly frictional and close to segmented, consistent with large effects of credit on house prices. Experiments using the structural model imply that credit conditions explain 47% - 57% of the rise in price-rent ratios over the boom.
Commodity price bubbles and macroeconomics: evidence from the Chinese agricultural markets

This paper investigates the linkages between commodity price bubbles and macroeconomic factors, with an application to agricultural commodity markets in China from 2006 to 2014. Price bubbles are identified using a newly-developed recursive right-tailed unit root test. A Zero-inflated Poisson Model is used to analyze the factors contributing to bubbles. Results show that a) there were speculative bubbles in most of the Chinese agricultural commodities during the sample period, though their presences are rather infrequent; b) economic growth, money supply and inflation have positive effects on bubble occurrences, while interest rate has a negative effect; c) among all macroeconomic factors considered, economic growth and money supply have the greatest effects on bubble occurrences. Our findings shed new light on the nature and formation of bubble behavior in the Chinese agricultural commodity markets.
Correlation of Thyroid Hormone Profile with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Sepsis in the Intensive Care Unit.

Objectives Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism and homeostasis, and variations in thyroid hormone levels are common in chronically ill patients. Thyroid dysfunction, especially in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), is associated with adverse outcomes. This study was conducted to find a correlation between thyroid profile and sepsis and associate it with the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score. Background :A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2015 at the Department of Medicine, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Center, Belagavi. A total of 100 patients aged 18 years or more fulfilling the sepsis criteria were included in the study. Patients were subjected to clinical examination followed by systemic examination. The clinical severity as well as the prediction of outcome was assessed by APACHE II score. Based on the outcome, the patients were divided into two groups, namely survivors and nonsurvivors. The data obtained were coded and entered into Microsoft excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS 21. Continuous data were compared using independent sample t-test. The correlation of free triiodothyroxine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with APACHE II score was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient. At 95% confidence interval, p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Background Out of 100 patients, 57 patients were men and 43 were women. The mean age of patients was 48.55 ± 18.09 years. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was the most common29 comorbid condition. Pneumonia was the primary diagnosis noted in 31patients followed by pyelonephritis.20 Most18 of the patients had APACHE II scores between 15 and 19. The mean APACHE II score was higher in nonsurvivors as compared to survivors (30.5 ± 7.24 vs. 16.92 ± 8.11; p < 0.001). In the study, 68 patients survived, while 32 of them died. Among nonsurvivors, APACHE II was inversely correlated with fT3 and fT4 levels, while TSH was positively correlated. Background In ICU patients with sepsis, thyroid profile in combination with the APACHE II score may prove to be a better indicator of ICU morbidity and mortality more accurately than the APACHE II score alone.
Effect of Job Design on Task Performance of Engineers of Public Utility Sector Organizations in North Western Province, Sri Lanka

This study was designed to identify the influence of job design factors on the task performance of project engineers employed in public utility sector organizations in the North Western Province of Sri Lanka. Skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and job feedback factors are considered as independent variables to measure the job design. Research carried out using 113 project engineers in public utility sector organizations in North-Western Province revealed that skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and job feedback influence on employee task performance in a project context. The analysis was done by applying correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. It was illustrated a significant moderate relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. Results of the regression analysis indicated a significant positive impact of independent variables on dependent variables. Further, the results revealed that job autonomy is the highest contributing factor while task identity, job feedback, task significance, and skill variety contribute to the task performance of the project engineers, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the job design enhance task performance of project engineers in public utility sector organizations in the North Western Province of Sri Lanka. Keywords-: Job Design, Sri Lanka, Task Performance, Utility Sector DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/wjm.v12i2. 7543
Galactic Archeology with the AEGIS Survey: The Evolution of Carbon and Iron in the Galactic Halo

Understanding the evolution of carbon and iron in the Milky Way’s halo is of importance because these two elements play crucial roles in constraining star formation, Galactic assembly, and chemical evolution in the early universe. Here we explore the spatial distributions of the carbonicity, [C/Fe], and metallicity, [Fe/H], of the halo system based on medium-resolution (R ∼ 1300) spectroscopy of ∼58,000 stars in the southern hemisphere from the AAOmega Evolution of Galactic Structure (AEGIS) survey. The AEGIS carbonicity map exhibits a positive gradient with distance, as similarly found for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey carbonicity map of Lee et al. The metallicity map confirms that [Fe/H] decreases with distance from the inner halo to the outer halo. We also explore the formation and chemical evolution history of the halo by considering the populations of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars present in the AEGIS sample. The cumulative and differential frequency of CEMP-no stars (as classified by their characteristically lower levels of absolute carbon abundance, A(C) ≤ 7.1, for subgiants and giants) increases with decreasing metallicity and is substantially higher than previous determinations for CEMP stars as a whole. In contrast, that of CEMP-s stars (with higher A(C)) remains almost flat, at a value of ∼10% in the range −4.0 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ −2.0. The distinctly different behaviors of the CEMP-no and CEMP-s stars relieve the tension with population synthesis models assuming a binary mass-transfer origin, which previously struggled to account for the higher reported frequencies of CEMP stars, taken as a whole, at low metallicity.