Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exercise intolerance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: what does the heart have to do with it?

Heart failure (HF) occurs when the cardiac output is unable to meet the body’s needs without an elevated filling pressure.1,2 Thus, exercise intolerance is an important symptomatic manifestation of HF, including patients with HF and a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). 3 Articles see p 278 and p 286 Two similar studies in this issue of Circulation: Heart Failure have reached different conclusions on the importance of cardiac dysfunction in producing exercise intolerance in HFpEF.4,5 Both groups performed upright cardiopulmonary exercise testing with hemodynamic monitoring in patients with preserved ejection fraction, elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCW), and exercise intolerance. Santos et al4 found that the major contributor to exercise disability was a limitation of cardiac output, indicating a cardiac cause. This finding is consistent with a similar study by Abudiab et al.1 In contrast, Dhakal et al5 found that a peripheral limitation was the most important cause of reduced aerobic capacity, whereas impaired cardiac output had less impact. This finding is consistent with 2 other studies that indirectly estimated oxygen extraction.6,7 The goal of this editorial was to put these studies in perspective and explore what they tell us about HFpEF. The delivery of oxygen to contracting muscles is essential to perform aerobic exercise. Optimum oxygen delivery requires oxygenation of the blood in the lungs, normal oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, adequate cardiac output that is appropriately distributed to match regional demands, and adequate tissue extraction of oxygen from the blood. Normal adults can increase oxygen consumption (Vo2) >6-fold during exercise by: (1) increasing cardiac output because of a faster heart rate and enhanced stroke volume, and (2) augmenting oxygen extraction producing a fall in mixed venous oxygen content, thereby increasing the difference between arterial …
Trends in Incidence and Outcomes of Cardiac Arrest Occurring in Swedish ICUs

OBJECTIVE: To determine temporal trends in the incidence of cardiac arrest occurring in the ICU (ICU-CA) and its associated long-term mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. SETTING: Swedish ICUs, between 2011 and 2017. PATIENTS: Adult patients (≥18 yr old) recorded in the Swedish Intensive Care Registry (SIR). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: ICU-CA was defined as a first episode of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and/or defibrillation following an ICU admission, as recorded in SIR or the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Registry. Annual adjusted ICU-CA incidence trend (all admissions) was estimated using propensity score-weighted analysis. Six-month mortality trends (first admissions) were assessed using multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression. Analyses were adjusted for pre-admission characteristics (sex, age, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, medications, and healthcare utilization), illness severity on ICU admission, and admitting unit. We included 231,427 adult ICU admissions. Crude ICU-CA incidence was 16.1 per 1,000 admissions, with no significant annual trend in the propensity score-weighted analysis. Among 186,530 first admissions, crude 6-month mortality in ICU-CA patients was 74.7% (95% CI, 70.1–78.9) in 2011 and 68.8% (95% CI, 64.4–73.0) in 2017. When controlling for multiple potential confounders, the adjusted 6-month mortality odds of ICU-CA patients decreased by 6% per year (95% CI, 2–10). Patients admitted after out-of-hospital or in-hospital cardiac arrest had the highest ICU-CA incidence (136.1/1,000) and subsequent 6-month mortality (76.0% [95% CI, 73.6–78.4]). CONCLUSIONS: In our nationwide Swedish cohort, the adjusted incidence of ICU-CA remained unchanged between 2011 and 2017. More than two-thirds of patients with ICU-CA did not survive to 6 months following admission, but a slight improvement appears to have occurred over time.
Footwear for cold environments. Thermal properties, performance and testing

Present standard on safety footwear (EN 344) checks the insulation only at one point in the shoes by means of measuring the temperature change. A method that uses thermal foot model allows to measure footwear insulation simultaneously at various locations and for whole footwear as well. In the present work the method of heated foot model was developed further. It is possible to simulate sweating and evaluate reduction of insulation of footwear due to wetting and evaporative heat loss. The conditions with various sweat rates, wear length and foot motion were tested. Footwear with various insulation levels (from thin rubber boots to thick winter boots) was evaluated. Some footwear was manufactured both with and without steel toe cap and this allowed to study the thermal effect of steel toe cap in different conditions. Comparative studies between various methods (thermal foot model, humans, EN 344) for evaluating footwear thermal properties/insulation were carried out. Field studies were carried out for evaluation of footwear and feet conditions in real wear situation. The insulation of footwear can vary depending on region and insulation level of the footwear. Heavy winter boots had lowest insulation in toe zone and thin boots had heel zone as the coldest region. Sweat rates of 3 g/h can reduce footwear insulation considerably (9-19 % depending on initial dry insulation). At higher sweat rates (10 g/h) the reduction could be up to 36 %. Combined effects of sweating, walking and wind could reduce insulation by about 45 %. Reduction was bigger in warm winter boots. Only small amount of moisture evaporates from winter footwear during use. Insulation reduction levelled off over longer periods of use. The reduction can be calculated by simple equations. The thermal foot model gave similar insulation values as measured on human subjects in thermal comfort. The insulation values were used for validation of a mathematical model for foot skin temperature prediction. The results obtained with a thermal foot model give more useful information on footwear than does the present standard for footwear thermal testing. Thus, the thermal foot method is recommended for use as a standard. A steel toe cap in a footwear seems to have no influence on insulation, but may modify the heat losses from the foot. The influence could be related to the “after effect” that probably depends on the mass of steel toe cap and its thermal inertia. Some recommendations for use and choice of footwear are given.
Therapeutic efficacy and safety of chamomile for state anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, insomnia, and sleep quality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials and quasi‐randomized trials

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to study the efficacy and safety of chamomile for the treatment of state anxiety, generalized anxiety disorders (GADs), sleep quality, and insomnia in human. Eleven databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Central, and Scopus were searched to retrieve relevant randomized control trials (RCTs), and 12 RCTs were included. Random effect meta‐analysis was performed by meta package of R statistical software version 3.4. 3 and RevMan version 5.3. Our meta‐analysis of three RCTs did not show any difference in case of anxiety (standardized mean difference = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.46, 0.16], P = 0.4214). Moreover, there is only one RCT that evaluated the effect of chamomile on insomnia and it found no significant change in insomnia severity index (P > 0.05). By using HAM‐A scale, there was a significant improvement in GAD after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment (mean difference = −1.43, 95% CI [−2.47, −0.39], P = 0.007), (MD = −1.79, 95% CI [−3.14, −0.43], P = 0.0097), respectively. Noteworthy, our meta‐analysis showed a significant improvement in sleep quality after chamomile administration (standardized mean difference = −0.73, 95% CI [−1.23, −0.23], P < 0.005). Mild adverse events were only reported by three RCTs. Chamomile appears to be efficacious and safe for sleep quality and GAD. Little evidence is there to show its effect on anxiety and insomnia. Larger RCTs are needed to ascertain these findings.
The Role of Macroeconomic Policies in the Global Crisis

This paper argues that the lack of timely and decisive policy action to correct domestic and external imbalances contributed crucially to the build-up of financial excesses that led to the financial crisis and the Great Recession. We focus on 2002-07 and perform a number of counterfactual simulations to investigate two central elements of the story, namely: (a) an over-expansionary US monetary policy and the absence of effective macro-prudential supervision, which permitted a prolonged expansion of debt-financed consumer spending; (b) the decision of China and other emerging countries to pursue an export-led growth strategy supported by pegging their currencies to the US dollar, resulting in a huge build-up of their official reserves, in conjunction with sluggish domestic demand in surplus advanced economies characterized by low potential output growth. The results of the simulations lend support to the view that if substantial, globally coordinated demand rebalancing had been undertaken in a timely manner, the macroeconomic and financial imbalances would not have accumulated to the extent that they did and the financial turmoil might have had less drastic global consequences.
Legitimization of Urban Regeneration in Squatter Housing Areas through Elements of Poverty and Crime in Turkey

While urban regeneration in Turkey emerges as an effective method of intervention in the transformation of urban space into areas of attraction for the global capital, intervention areas are defined as squatter housing areas where degradation process is visible, the population of which gradually loses its acceptability in social integration processes, and which are "regarded as harmful by the society. " The urbanites, meeting an unexpected population and space, have always viewed squatter housing areas and their populations as a problem. Evolving from the 1940s up to the present, this outlook has formed a social perception against the squatters. Governmental policies are also formulated in accordance with this outlook and various intervention methods, from demolition to amnesty, to reform and to regeneration, have been defined for the problem of squatter housing areas. In this process, the difference with today's regeneration applications is their legitimization of intervention areas through elements of poverty and crime. As such, the degradation process is rendered visible on the basis of social anxieties and regeneration by law is made acceptable as essential. In this study, the evaluation of the stigmatization process of the squatters as the origins of poverty and crime will be rendered debatable within the perspective of urban regeneration applications. As the preliminary research area, A‡in A‡in area of Ankara's AltA½ndaA° District has been chosen. The fact that this area has been attracting attention for years due to its increasing poverty and crime rates, brought about urban regeneration applications. Yet, while some portion of the population who were registered criminals migrated to other destinations after regeneration, another portion has remained in this location and sustained the crime rates. For the purpose of questioning this process, the second work area has been designated as Sincan SaraycA½k Neighborhood, a place where AltA½ndaA°'s squatter population migrated to. This area changed its identity in time, first with migrants from the Southeast and then with those from AltA½ndaA°. This change, gaining momentum with the present population's abandoning of the area, has become visible in the social and physical space and Sincan's Mayor has announced his decision on applying urban regeneration due to rising crime rates. The methodology of the study consists of literature survey, media analysis enabling the evaluation of perspectives on the squatter housing area and interview and questionnaire practices carried out in the research areas.
Consistency of Sedentary Behavior Patterns among Office Workers with Long-Term Access to Sit-Stand Workstations.

INTRODUCTION Sit-stand workstations are a popular intervention to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in office settings. However, the extent and distribution of SB in office workers long-term accustomed to using sit-stand workstations as a natural part of their work environment are largely unknown. In the present study, we aimed to describe patterns of SB in office workers with long-term access to sit-stand workstations and to determine the extent to which these patterns vary between days and workers. METHODS SB was objectively monitored using thigh-worn accelerometers for a full week in 24 office workers who had been equipped with a sit-stand workstation for at least 10 months. A comprehensive set of variables describing SB was calculated for each workday and worker, and distributions of these variables between days and workers were examined. RESULTS On average, workers spent 68% work time sitting [standard deviation (SD) between workers and between days (within worker): 10.4 and 18.2%]; workers changed from sitting to standing/walking 3.2 times per hour (SDs 0.6 and 1.2 h-1); with bouts of sitting being 14.9 min long (SDs 4.2 and 8.5 min). About one-third of the workers spent >75% of their workday sitting. Between-workers variability was significantly different from zero only for percent work time sitting, while between-days (within-worker) variability was substantial for all SB variables. CONCLUSIONS Office workers accustomed to using sit-stand workstations showed homogeneous patterns of SB when averaged across several days, except for percent work time seated. However, SB differed substantially between days for any individual worker. The finding that many workers were extensively sedentary suggests that just access to sit-stand workstations may not be a sufficient remedy against SB; additional personalized interventions reinforcing use may be needed. To this end, differences in SB between days should be acknowledged as a potentially valuable source of variation.
The effects of plant growth regulators on winter and spring canola ( Brassica napus L.) types in the High Rainfall Zone of south-eastern Australia

European canola cultivars have shown potential to produce high grain yields in the High Rainfall Zone (HRZ) of southern Australia. However these crops grow tall and produce large amounts of non-grain dry matter resulting in harvesting difficulties and inefficiencies in the conversion of resource to grain. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are a common tool used in the Northern hemisphere to control height, reduce lodging and manipulate the crop canopy to improve light penetration and increase grain yields. An experimental PGR was applied to winter and spring canola cultivars at Hamilton, Victoria in 2010 and 2011 and at Longford, Tasmania in 2011 to determine if crop morphology could be altered to improve grain yields in the HRZ. The grain yield, yield components, crop size and plant architecture of four late maturing European winter cultivars (Taurus, CBI206, CB3 at Hamilton and CBIW208 at Longford) and two mid maturing European spring cultivars (CBI8802 and CBI2610 at Hamilton) were compared with the Australian spring cultivars, Hyola 50 (Hamilton) and 45C75 (Longford). The PGR did in some instances alter flowering and final above ground dry matter (AGDM), pod density, canopy depth and branching and although differences between cultivars and crop maturity were detected, effects were often inconsistent. However changes in plant morphology had no significant affect on grain yield. The lack of yield response was attributed to no lodging in the experiments and the ability of crops in the HRZ to sustain larger canopies than in the Northern Hemisphere without reducing yield. Reducing plant height and improving resource conversion are still important targets in the HRZ and further work needs to be conducted to devise agronomic, chemical and genetic strategies (e.g. through the use of dwarf material) to increase the ease and efficiency of grain production in this environment.
Seasonal Differences in Diet of Two Predatory Fishes in Relation to Reef Type in the Inshore Northern Gulf of Mexico

SEASONAL DIFFERENCES IN DIET OF TWO PREDATORY FISHES IN RELATION TO REEF TYPE IN THE INSHORE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO by Brinton Thomas Barnes May 2014 Relationships of various structural features between reefs and their developing benthic and fish communities have an immense biological and ecological importance for reef restoration and rehabilitation. Therefore, objectives of this study were to establish how abundance (CPUE) and diet composition (%IRI) changes seasonally within Spotted Seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus, and Sand Seatrout, Cynoscion arenarius, to view which trophic levels are interacting in relation to different reef type (high relief profile vs. low profile relief). A KruskalWallis one-way ANOVA was performed on non-normal abundance data and determined no significant differences for reef type and season for both piscivorous species. Both Cynoscion spp. had relatively similar mean ranked CPUE across reef type and season suggesting their transient ubiquitous distribution may be influenced by prey availability rather than reef profile. Diet composition was analyzed by a PERMANOVA, HMD, MDS, and SIMPER analysis. Between the main terms, only season was significant for both species while the interaction was only significant for Spotted Seatrout. Various fishes and crustaceans were the main prey taxa in both species suggest that both species are opportunistic foragers where gap limitations on available prey may be the ii only restriction on diet. Prey availability most likely was driven from seasonal changes within the Mississippi Sound and further studies must include prey density in relation to diet composition for each species.
Mutational screening of Greek patients with axonal Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease using targeted next‐generation sequencing: Clinical and molecular spectrum delineation

Axonal forms of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) are classified as CMT2, distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) or hereditary sensory neuropathy (HSN) and can be caused by mutations in over 100 genes. We presently aimed to investigate for the first time the genetic landscape of axonal CMT in the Greek population.
Larval fish, zooplankton community structure, and physical dynamics at a tidal front

Physical , chemical . and bio logical measuremcnts at the Akpatok Shal lows, Ungava Bay, Qu6bec, in September 19115 confirmed the existence of a front prcdicted earlier f rom the Simpson-Hunter h/ur st rat i f icat ion paramctcr . Tempcrature, sal in i ty , and nutr ient data indicated a combinat ion of t idal advect ion, uprvel l ing and mix ing at thc front . Ni t rate concentrat ions of -5 prg at I rwere found in the deeper strat i f ied watcr near the f ront . Chlorophyl l a concentrat ions of r l Fg I ' occurred on thc strat i f ied side of the f ront . The macro-zooplankton community was hor izontal ly del ineated b; the extent of vert ical s t rat i f icat ion. Jc l ly f ish, L imacina spp. and C/ lone spp. were concentrated at the f ront in contrast to amphipods. mysids, and cuphausi ids which were concentrated in thc strat i f icd watcr , and dccapod larvae in the mixed water. Chaetognaths and larval f ish showed s imi lar d ist r ibut ions on ei thcr s idc of the f ront , but were rare at the f ront . T 'he spat ia l d ist r ibut ions of thc major larval f ish taxa were ei ther consistent wi th (Cott idae) or contrarv to (Cyclopter idae) the retent ion hypothesis. Distr ibut ions of cyclopter id and gadoid larval s izes i l lustrated enhanced survival and/or growth on the stratified side of the front.
La Villa de las Tres Cuturas:A Study of a New Tourist Festival in Frigiliana, al-Ándalus

This study focuses on a new tourist festival in the southern Andalusian village of Frigiliana. The festival began in 2006 and celebrates the village’s plural Jewish, Christian and Muslim past. The thesis argues that a recent tourist invention has moved beyond the confines of a four-day commercial event and into the everyday lives of the population. It argues that through the sustained management of culture, the organisers of the festival have consciously defined and configured an emergent local ethnicity. Festival Frigiliana 3 Culturas is a considered political move framed within national discourse relating to the recuperation of lost historical memories. The festival was created within this discursive field, but it is more than a symbolic gesture. It is a form of cultural activism that counters a dominant monocultural narrative in a somatic manner. Festival Frigiliana 3 Culturas playfully conjures up the past during a tourist event. Yet in doing so, it is playing with new myths and legends in the present. Within a festival atmosphere, locals claim ownership of their public space in order to express their myths and legends. The festival constructs a medieval sensorium through which the body encounters lost histories. Thus, the festival moves beyond symbolic constructions and creates a space where the internal organs of the body validate a recent notion of local identity, tradition and culture. The thesis argues that the internal organs of the body work in communion with reconfigured symbols. It argues that the inner body actively engages with the festival and attains the level of discourse required to transform “pure” blood into “plural” blood. It contends that the kitsch plastic realm of proletarian tourism realises the potential for social change. During this commercial process, Festival Frigiliana 3 Culturas creates a new ethnicity called al-Andalus and it is the commercial component within the event that allows locals to claim ownership of their public space.
The Effects of Monetary Policy Shocks: Some Evidence from the Flow of Funds

This paper uses the Flow of Funds accounts to assess the impact of a monetary policy shock on the borrowing and lending activities of different sectors of the economy. Our measures of contractionary monetary policy shocks have the following properties: (i) they are associated with a fall in nonborrowed reserves, total reserves, M1, the Federal Reserves' holdings of government securities and a rise in the federal funds rate, (ii) they lead to persistent declines in real GNP, employment, retail sales and nonfinancial corporate profits as well as increases in unemployment and manufacturing inventories, (iii) they generate sharp, persistent declines in commodity prices and (iv) the GDP price deflator does not respond to them for roughly a year. After that the GDP price deflator declines. Our major findings regarding the borrowing activities of different sectors can be summarized as follows. First, following a contractionary shock to monetary policy, net funds raised by the business sector increases for roughly a year. Thereafter, as the recession induced by the policy shock gains momentum, net funds raised by the business sector begins to fall. This pattern is not captured by existing monetary business cycle models. Second, we cannot reject the view that households do not adjust their financial assets and liabilities for several quarters after a monetary shock. This is consistent with a key assumption of several recent monetary business cycle models.