Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abundance distributions of pelagic fish eggs and larva in the Changjiang River estuary and vicinity waters in summer

According to the Qiantang river and Changjiang river bringing a lot of nutriment,making a good breeding condition,the Changjiang estuary became a place of many larvae breeding.However,the supplement resource,fish eggs and larvae had descended seriously as the human catch to excess in past decade.The ecological investigations of fish eggs and larvae were very important to holding fishery resource variation and protecting present resource.Based on the measured results from three cruises of oceanographic survey carried out in the Changjiang estuary and vicinity waters in the August of 2001 to 2003(30 °5′～31°15′N;121°30′～122°50′E),the interannual features of abundance distributions of the fish eggs and the larvae were studied,and the relationship between hydrologic and biological factors had been analyzed.The results showed that: the variation abundance of three years was very conspicuous;the peak abundance appeared in 2002.Abundance was mainly distributed in the Changjiang estuary and Zhoushan fishing grounds.The fish eggs distribution showed the west less than the east on the limit of 122 °E,the south more than the north on the limit of 30° 30′N as larvae.The dominant species was Stolephorus chinensis(Gunther),its distribution mainly determined the abundance distribution.Today,resource composition was different from the past,the economical fish became less and less,the low value fish became more and more in this water area.Impaction of water salinity on the abundance was more obvious than water temperature.The copepods abundance impacts on the abundance distributions of pelagic eggs and larvae.The decline of water salinity and the addition runoff were important factors to impact the distributions of the fish eggs and the larvae.
The Surface Downward Longwave Radiation in the ECMWF Forecast System

The surface downward longwave radiation, computed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecast system used for the ECMWF 40-yr reanalysis, is compared with surface radiation measurements for the April‐May 1999 period, available as part of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN), Surface Radiation (SURFRAD), and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) programs. Emphasis is put on comparisons on a 1-h basis, as this allows discrepancies to be more easily linked to differences between model description and observations of temperature, humidity, and clouds. It is also possible to compare the model and observed temporal variability in the surface radiation fluxes. Comparisons are first carried out at locations for which the spectral model orography differs from the actual station height. Sensitivity of the model fluxes to various algorithms to correct for this discrepancy is explored. A simple interpolation‐extrapolation scheme for pressure, temperature, and specific humidity allows the improvement of model calculations of the longwave surface fluxes in most cases. Intercomparisons of surface longwave radiation are presented for the various longwave radiation schemes operational since the 15-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-15) was performed. The Rapid Radiation Transfer Model of Mlawer et al., now operational at ECMWF, is shown to correct for the major underestimation in clear-sky downward longwave radiation seen in ERA-15. Sensitivity calculations are also carried out to explore the role of the cloud optical properties, cloud effective particle size, and aerosols in the representation of the surface downward longwave radiation.
Truncation of galaxy dark matter halos in high density environments

Aims. Our aim is to constrain the properties of dark matter halos inhabiting high density environments, such as is the case in massive galaxy clusters. Methods. We use galaxy-galaxy lensing techniques that utilize a maximum likelihood method to constrain the parameters of the lenses. It has been demonstrated that such a technique provides strong constraints on the parameters that characterize a galaxy halo, as well as on the aperture mass of these halos. In this analysis, we only use weak shear data and do not include strong lensing constraints. Results. We present the results of a study of galaxy-galaxy lensing in a homogeneous sample of massive x-ray luminous clusters at z ∼ 0.2. These have been observed in three bands with the cfh12k instrument. We find dark matter halos in these clusters to be compact compared to those inferred around isolated field galaxies of equivalent luminosity at this redshift: the half mass radius is found to be smaller than 50 kpc, with a mean total mass of order 0.2× 10 12 M� . This is in good agreement with previous galaxy-galaxy lensing results and with numerical simulations, in particular with the tidal stripping scenario. We thus provide a strong confirmation of tidal truncation from a homogeneous sample of galaxy clusters. Moreover, it is the first time that cluster galaxies are probed successfully using galaxy-galaxy lensing techniques from ground based data.
Role of the wASP and wAve family proteins in breast cancer invasion and metastasis

: The Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) and WASP family verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE) family are a group of molecules that form a key link between GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton. The role of WASP/WAVE family proteins in the control of actin polymerization through activation of the actin-related protein 2/3 complex is critical in the formation of the actin-based membrane protrusions seen in cell migration and invasion. For this reason, the activity of the WASP/WAVE family in cancer cell invasion and migration has been of great interest in recent years. Many reports have highlighted the potential of targeting the WASP/WAVE family as a therapy for the prevention of cancer progression, in particular breast cancer. This review focuses on the role of the WASP/WAVE family in breast cancer cell invasion and migration and how this relates to the molecular mechanisms of WASP/WAVE activity, their exact contributions to the stages of cancer progression, and how this can lead to the development of anticancer drugs that target the WASP/WAVE family and related pathways. three-dimensional invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells that infiltrate through membrane pores in response to platelet-derived growth factor signals in a phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner, shown by using PI3K inhibitors. Immunofluorescence staining of these invading cells showed that WAVE2 and nWASP were colocalized with intensive F-actin accumulations at the site of infiltration. Further, diminution of WAVE2 and nWASP using siRNA techniques demonstrated a significant reduction in cell invasion, and accumulation of F-actin was also depleted. These findings suggest that nWASP and WAVE2 have a role in the three-dimension invasion of MDA-MB-231 through small gaps in response to platelet-derived growth factor through reorganization of actin filaments within the cell.
Global evapotranspiration over the past three decades: estimation based on the water balance equation combined with empirical models

We applied a land water mass balance equation over 59 major river basins during 2003–9 to estimate evapotranspiration (ET), using as input terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) data from the GRACE satellites, precipitation and in situ runoff measurements. We found that the terrestrial water storage change cannot be neglected in the estimation of ET on an annual time step, especially in areas with relatively low ET values. We developed a spatial regression model of ET by integrating precipitation, temperature and satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, and used this model to extrapolate the spatio-temporal patterns of changes in ET from 1982 to 2009. We found that the globally averaged land ET is about 604 mm yr−1 with a range of 558–650 mm yr−1. From 1982 to 2009, global land ET was found to increase at a rate of 1.10 mm yr−2, with the Amazon regions and Southeast Asia showing the highest ET increasing trend. Further analyses, however, show that the increase in global land ET mainly occurred between the 1980s and the 1990s. The trend over the 2000s, its magnitude or even the sign of change substantially depended on the choice of the beginning year. This suggests a non-significant trend in global land ET over the last decade.
Assessing the ability of Pleiades stereo imagery to determine height changes in earthquakes: A case study for the El Mayor‐Cucapah epicentral area

High‐resolution surface topography is valuable for studying coseismic fault zone deformation and fault geometry. It enables us to measure three‐dimensional surface displacements in earthquakes, as shown in recent studies that used light detection and ranging (lidar) to determine coseismic motion. However, the applicability of lidar is limited by its relatively high cost and low availability. In this study, we use the 2010 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake to demonstrate the capability of Pleiades stereo imagery to measure coseismic vertical ground displacement. We acquired post‐earthquake Pleiades tristereo imagery from backward, near‐nadir, and forward orientations for a 45 km × 7 km portion of the epicentral area. One meter resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) were produced with the four different combinations of incidence angles and compared to the post‐earthquake lidar DEM. Elevations from tristereo have slightly (∼15%) smaller uncertainties than bistereo as the tristereo DEM incorporates more observations. Elevation differences between the Pleiades and post‐earthquake lidar DEMs show that the vertical accuracy of the Pleiades DEMs is ∼0.3 m. By differencing the Pleiades DEM and the pre‐earthquake, 5 m resolution lidar DEM, we mapped meter and submeter offsets along the faults obtaining results comparable to a previous study that differenced the two lidar DEMs. This is the first case study of assessing very high resolution (VHR) satellite stereo imagery to determine submeter vertical ground displacement in an earthquake. By extension, we expect it to be possible to measure submeter vertical offsets occurring in earthquakes using pre‐earthquake and post‐earthquake VHR stereo imagery.
Aberystwyth University Study of methanogen communities associated with different rumen protozoal populations

Protozoa-associated methanogens (PAM) are considered one of the most active communities in the rumen methanogenesis. This experiment investigated whether methanogens are sequestrated within rumen protozoa, and structural differences between rumen free-living methanogens and PAM. Rumen protozoa were harvested from totally faunated sheep, and six protozoal fractions (plus free-living microorganisms) were generated by sequential ﬁltration. Holotrich-monofaunated sheep were also used to investigate the holotrich-associated methanogens. Protozoal size determined the number of PAM as big protozoa had 1.7 – 3.3 times more methanogen DNA than smaller protozoa, but also more endosymbiotic bacteria (2.2-to 3.5-fold times). Thus, similar abundance of methanogens with respect to total bacteria were observed across all proto-zoal fractions and free-living microorganisms, suggesting that methanogens are not accumulated within rumen protozoa in a greater proportion to that observed in the rumen as a whole. All rumen methanogen communities had similar diversity (22.2 (cid:1) 3.4 TRFs). Free-living
The Japanese Economy

The Japanese economic behavior is modeled. GDP evolution is represented as a sum two components: economic tend and fluctuations. The trend is an inverse function of GDP per capita with a constant numerator. The growth rate fluctuations are numerically equal to two thirds of the relative change in the number of eighteen-year-olds. Inflation is represented by a linear function of labor force change rate. The models provide an accurate description for the poor economic performance and deflation separately. Using the models, GDP per capita is predicted for the next ten years and recommendations are given to overcome deflation.
with a Peptide

There is an ongoing debate as to how urea denatures proteins in solution. Using a combination of neutron scattering and computer simulation of a model peptide KGPGK, it was found that the ionic strength and pH have a signiﬁcant impact on the urea-peptide interaction. From the work presented here, it appears that urea ﬁrst and foremost decreases the charge-based interactions in solution, such as the TFA-TFA association, before interacting with the peptide backbone via hydrogen bonds. This gives insight into the pH and salt concentration dependency of urea-caused protein denaturation and might unify direct and indirect theories of urea-induced protein de-naturation. The observed diﬀerences between MD and neutron and X-ray diﬀraction data might show that MD, in this particular case, underestimates the inﬂuence of charged ﬂuorinated solutes.
Vagrancy theories: are autumn vagrants really reverse migrants?

Reverse migration is a popular concept, often used to explain the occurrence of autumn vagrants.The term 'reverse migration shadow' has been used to identify regions in which autumn vagrancy of a given species may occur, and to predict potential future vagrants to Britain. In this paper, we evaluate this theory and, by analysing vagrancy patterns, demonstrate that autumn vagrancy is not limited to the 'shadow' of a 180° route-reversal. Although the vast majority of individuals follow a traditional route to winter quarters, vagrancy during autumn migration occurs in all directions, and we contend that it is the pattern of observer coverage which determines the number of vagrants discovered.The occurrence patterns of some vagrants reaching Britain can be explained using the idea of long-range dispersal. We suggest that some comparatively regular vagrants reaching Britain are, in fact, performing annual migrations to presently undiscovered wintering grounds in western Europe or West Africa. In the river valleys and on the low, densely forested hills, Leopards Panthera pardus stalk through the undergrowth, and the beautiful Asian Paradise Flycatchers Terpsiphone paradisi flit restlessly among the branches… Higher up the mountains, the bright southern birds are left behind in an enchanting sea of sounds, scents and colours. In their place stands the more solemn but equally beautiful world of the coniferous taiga, where the cool silence is perhaps broken only by the simple but sweet song of a Pallas's Warbler Phylloscopus proregulus. (Algirdas Knystautas 1987)
Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of HIV/AIDS Related Stigma Scale for People Living With HIV/AIDS in Iran

Objective: To assess the perceived HIV/AIDS related stigma a comprehensive and well developed stigma instrument is necessary. This study aimed to assess validity and reliability of the Persian version of HIV/AIDS related stigma scale which was developed by Kang et al for people living with HIV/AIDS in Iran. Materials and methods: Thescale was forward translatedby two bilingual academic members then both translations were discussed by expert team. Back-translation was done by two other bilingual translators then we carried out discussion with both of them. To evaluate understandability the scale was administered to 10 Persons Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Final Persian version was administered to 80 PLWHA in Qom, Iran in 2014. Test–retest reliability was assessed in a sample of 20 PLWHA after a week by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for overall scale was 0.85. Also Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the five subscales were as follows: social rejection (9 items, α = 0.84), negative self-worth (4 items, α = 0.70), perceived interpersonal insecurity (2 items, α = 0.57), financial insecurity (3 items, α = 0.70), discretionary disclosure (2 items, α = 0.83). Test–retest reliability was also approved with ICC = 0.78. Correlation between items and their hypothesized subscale is greater than 0.5. Correlation between an item and its own subscale was significantly higher than its correlation with other subscales. Conclusion: This study demonstrate that the Persian version of HIV/AIDS related stigma scale is valid and reliable to assess HIV/AIDS related stigma perceived by people living whit HIV/AIDS in Iran.
Bengali 'Bihari' Muharram: The Identitarian Trajectories of a Community 1

During the first ten days of Muharram, especially during the last three days of those ten days, young boys, called paiks, aged roughly between six and sixteen, dressed in salwar kameezes, with ropes and bells strung between their chests and shoulders, sprint through the streets of many of the main thoroughfares of Bangladesh. Holding up colourful flags atop bamboo poles, along their jog, they dart in and out of imambarahs 2 and mosques shouting ‘Ya Husain’, ‘Ya Hasan’, in recognition of the martyrdom of the Prophet’s grandsons, Imam Husain and his brother Hasan. They cover kilometres during those three days and usually follow the routes taken by their ancestors, visiting the tombs of saints along those pathways. One can see them running through streets of cities and towns such as Dhaka, Syedpur, Narayanganj, Chittagong. While many of the male children and teenagers scamper around town as paiks, the male adult relatives of these children pull tazias – beautiful structures representing the tombs of the first martyrs – along the streets. These processions often get mistaken by Bengalis (both Hindus and Muslims and from either Bangladesh or West Bengal) for those of the Shi’as’ as Prophet Husain and Hasan are mourned during the month of Muharram by Shi’as around the world. But contrary to popular assumption, the followers of this tradition are not Shi’as but predominantly north Indian Sunni Muslims or those referred to, on either sides of the Bengali border, as ‘Biharis’. 3 It is common knowledge, amongst Muslims, that the first of Muharram marks the start of the Islamic New Year as it is believed that Allah created the universe during this month. The month of Muharram also marks the tragic anniversary of the Battle of Karbala in the year 680 CE. On the tenth day of this month, a day also called
[Treatment of stress urinary incontinence with perineal biofeedback by using superficial electrodes].

PURPOSE We analyze the pelvic floor muscles treatment outcomes by using biofeedback (BFB) with electromyography with superficial electrodes in women diagnosed as having stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Besides, we compare this treatment with pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) plus vaginal electrostimulation. METHODS 85 women with stress urinary incontinence, aged 42 - 74 years. We divided the patients in two groups: Group 1 (N = 50): This patients carry out a perineal biofeedback with superficial electrodes without electrostimulation, and Group 2 (N = 35): This patients were treated with pelvis floor muscle exercices and vaginal electrostimulation. All patients carry out two session per week (of 30 minutes each one) during ten weeks. We assess the outcomes through international urinary incontinence questionnaires (IU-5 and ICIQ-SF) and urinary incontinence related quality of life test (King's questionnaire). Student t-test and Fisher Exact test were used, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS No difference was found in the age average of both groups. 84% of patients of group 1 and 80% of patients of group 2 were cured with the treatment. We assumed they were cured when incontinence episodes not happened or they do not need to use absorbent materials. In the Group 1, 50% of patients in the fourth week and 84% in the tenth week were cured. In the Group 2, 71.42% of patients in the fourth week and 80% in the tenth week were cured. In the Group 2, eight patients (22.85%) complained side effects. Both groups improved the quality of life similarly. CONCLUSION Grade 1 and grade 2 stress urinary incontinence treatment by using perineal biofeedback with superficial electrodes electromyography is better or similar to more invasive treatments. Also pelvic floor muscle exercices plus vaginal electrostimulation have good outcomes although some patients complain side effects. Both conservative treatments are effective and feasible.
Increasing Inequality and Civil Conflict in Nepal

This paper investigates the relationship between increasing inequality and recruitment in a civil conflict. Starting from the puzzling observation that the Nepalese conflict escalated after a period of substantial growth and poverty reduction, it hypothesizes that increasing differences in welfare between groups can help explain recruitment by the Maoists. The hypothesis is tested with data from two national-representative household surveys, matched with district-level information regarding mass abductions by the Maoists from newspaper articles. The identification strategy relies on the fact that the months following finalization of the second round of data collection were characterized by a geographical escalation of the conflict. The paper first shows that gains from growth between 1995 and 2003 were much smaller for the (near) landless than for the landed; it then shows that recruiting through abduction of young people was more intensive in districts where inequality between the landed and the landless had previously increased.
Constraining dark sectors at colliders Beyond the effective theory approach

We outline and investigate a set of benchmark simplified models with the aim of providing a minimal simple framework for an interpretation of the existing and forthcoming searches of dark matter particles at the LHC. The simplified models we consider provide microscopic QFT descriptions of interactions between the Standard Model partons and the dark sector particles mediated by the four basic types of messenger fields: scalar, pseudoscalar, vector and axial-vector. Our benchmark models are characterized by four to five parameters, including the mediator mass and width, the dark matter mass and the effective coupling(s). In the gluon fusion production channel we resolve the top quark in the loop and compute full top-mass effects for scalar and pseudoscalar messengers. We show the LHC limits and reach at 8 and 14 TeV for models with all four messenger types. We also outline the complementarity of direct detection, indirect detection and LHC bounds for dark matter searches. Finally, we investigate the effects which arise from extending the simplified model to include potential new physics contributions in production. Using the scalar mediator as an example, we study the impact of heavy new physics loops which interfere with the top-mediated loops. Our computations are performed within the MCFM framework, and we provide fully flexible public Monte Carlo implementation.
Evaluation of the Demographics, Socioeconomics, and Evaluation of the Demographics, Socioeconomics, and Satisfaction Levels of Recipients at a Rural Food Bank Satisfaction Levels of Recipients at a Rural Food Bank

The present study assesses the demographics, socioeconomics, behaviors, environment, and satisfaction of food bank clients as a way to inform food bank administrators about where their services could be more efficiently focused. Unfortunately, very little has been published in the research literature about levels of recipient satisfaction at food banks in any settings, but especially in rural settings. This descriptive study used existing demographic and socioeconomic data from intake forms at a rural food bank, in addition to the responses of a convenience sample of 44 foodbank recipients to the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8). The data were used to assess the socioeconomic characteristics of recipients at a rural food bank and their satisfaction level with services provided. Findings indicate high levels of satisfaction among these food bank recipients. Also, small older-adult-dominated households reported higher overall income than larger households with working parents and children. Findings suggest that food banks focus their efforts, especially outreach, on the needs of young families who do not receive regular government benefits such as Social Security.