Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Upaya Meningkatkan Partisipasi Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Sosiologi Melalui Model Prediction Guide dengan Media Gambar Kelas X IPS 3 SMAN12 Padang

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi rendahnya partisipasi siswa dalam pembelajaran sosiologi. Rendahnya partisipasi siswa disebabkan kurang tepatnya strategi pembelajaran digunakan guru. Untuk memperbaiki rendahnya partisipasi siswa guru menggunakan model pembelajaran Prediction Guide dengan media gambar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan partisipasi siswa melalui model Prediction Guide dengan media gambar dalam pembelajaran sosiologi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan dengan 2 siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X IPS3 SMAN12 Padang berjumlah 36orang. Penelitian dilakukan secara daring melalui aplikasi Zoom Metting dan Whatsapp. Hasil penelitian diolah menggunakan rumus P=(F/N) X 100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan partisipasi siswa, dari pra tindakan sebesar 35%, siklus I meningkat 67%. Siklus I ke siklus II meningkat sebesar 78%.
Initial Location Preference Together with Aggregation Pheromones Regulate the Attack Pattern of Tomicus brevipilosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Pinus kesiya

Research Highlights: We found that the initial attack location together with the aggregation pheromones played an important role in mediating the aggressive behavior of T. brevipilosus on P. kesiya. Background and Objectives: T. brevipilosus was identified as an aggressive species, which possesses the ability to kill live, healthy P. kesiya. In this scenario, we study the top-down attack pattern of T. brevipilosus on P. kesiya during the entirety of the reproductive period. Materials and Methods: We investigated the phenology of trunk attack on P. kesiya over a period of three years in Pu’er City, China. The hindguts extracts of the females and males T. brevipilosus were analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The candidate aggregation pheromone compounds of T. brevipilosus were determined through electrophysiology experiments (electroantennographic detection, EAD and electroantennography, EAG), laboratory olfactometer bioassays, and field trapping. Results: we found that the pioneer beetles preferentially infested the crown of P. kesiya at the early stage of attack following spring flight with the later arriving beetles selectively attacking the lower area of the trunk to avoid intraspecific competition and better utilize limited resources, which exhibits a top-down attack pattern. During gallery initiation, the beetles release aggregation pheromones to attract conspecifics to conduct a mass attack. The chemical analyses indicated that the hindgut extracts of gallery-initiating beetles contained a larger amount of myrtenol, cis-verbenol, trans-verbenol, and verbenone. Myrtenol and trans-verbenol were identified as candidate aggregation pheromone compounds. In addition, a blend of these two components with S-(−)-α-pinene and S-(−)-β-pinene attracted more T. brevipilosus individuals in a field bioassay. Conclusions: We concluded that the preference for the initial attack location together with the aggregation pheromones played an important role in mediating the top-down attack pattern of T. brevipilosus on P. kesiya.
Two new alien slugs, Krynickillus melanocephalus Kaleniczenko, 1851 and Tandonia kusceri (H. Wagner, 1931), are already widespread in Hungary

Two slug species (Krynickillus melanocephalus Kaleniczenko, 1851 and Tandonia kusceri (H. Wagner, 1931)) are reported from Hungary for the first time. Identification was supported by anatomical examination in both, and molecular data in the latter species. A citizen science survey applying a Realtime Social Networking Service (RSNS) method using Facebook posts revealed that both species are already widespread in Hungary, i.e. Krynickillus melanocephalus is reported from 14 and Tandonia kusceri from 25 sites. So far, we received no reports on any damage caused by these two slug species. Nevertheless, we treat them as potential horticultural pests requiring further attention.
Attention Solves Your TSP, Approximately

The development of efficient (heuristic) algorithms for practical combinatorial optimization problems is costly, so we want to automatically learn them instead. We show the feasibility of this approach on the important Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). We learn a heuristic algorithm that uses a Neural Network policy to construct a tour. As an alternative to the Pointer Network, our model is based entirely on (graph) attention layers and is invariant to the input order of the nodes. We train the model efficiently using REINFORCE with a simple and robust baseline based on a deterministic (greedy) rollout of the best policy so far. We significantly improve over results from previous works that consider learned heuristics for the TSP, reducing the optimality gap for a single tour construction from 1.51% to 0.32% for instances with 20 nodes, from 4.59% to 1.71% for 50 nodes and from 6.89% to 4.43% for 100 nodes. Additionally, we improve over a recent Reinforcement Learning framework for two variants of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP).
The effects of decriminalization of cannabis in Georgia (country) on user behaviors

ABSTRACT Background In July of 2018, the Constitutional Court of Georgia ruled that any punishment for cannabis use is unconstitutional. The study aimed to examine changes in the behavior of regular cannabis users following the legal reform. Methods We conducted an online cross-sectional survey of adults using cannabis regularly at least once a week. Results Survey included 389 participants, mostly males whose average age was 28 at the time of the survey. Two thirds did not report any change in frequency of cannabis consumption after the law reform. Less frequent users were more likely to report increased consumption. Females were more likely to initiate cannabis use after the legal reform. Perceived availability of cannabis remained unchanged for the majority of participants. Females were more likely to report that the availability increased following the legal changes. A small number of participants reported quitting synthetic cannabinoids and switching to herbal cannabis products. Getting cannabis for free from friends was the most prevalent way of obtaining cannabis, both in pre- and post-reform periods. Conclusions Future research needs to understand which of the observed changes are linked to health risks or potential benefits, and identify strategies that would prevent negative individual and public health outcomes.
Earnings management in bank industry

Performing univariate and multivariate analysis on the population of listed banks in Italy, this paper tests the following hypotheses: 1) whether Earnings (EM) and capital (MCAP) management are performed via Loan Loss Provision - LLP (2002-2011 period); 2) whether the association ofLLP with earnings and capital management is significantly changed under IFRS for listed banks in Italy (2005-2007 period);3) whether crisis changes the association of LLP and earnings – capital management (2008-2011 period). Coherently with previous literature, in Italian listed bank in the period 2002 – 2011 managers employ LLP for opportunistic behavior. IFRS reduce and financial crisis increase this behavior, in line with US and EU results. This is one of the first paper that analyze EM in banking industry in Italy, a country with an economic system focused overall on financial resources provided by banks and other financial institutions.
Ruminal parameters and fatty acid composition of omasal digesta and milk in cows fed sugarcane-based diets supplemented with sunflower oil

This study evaluates the intake and digestion of nutrients, parameters of rumen fermentation and degradation, omasal digesta and milk fatty acid composition, productive performance, and the concentration of serum metabolites in cows fed 600 g kg-1 sugarcane-based diets containing 0 (control), 15, 30, and 45 g kg-1 sunflower oil (SO) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Four rumen-cannulated Holstein x Gyr cows yielding 15±5 kg day-1 with 110±10 days in milk were allocated in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Data were analyzed using mixed models, and significant differences were declared at P < 0.05. There was no effect of SO on the intake and apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and nonfibrous carbohydrates, but there was a linear increase in the intake and digestibility of ether extract. Dietary SO levels did not alter the ruminal degradability parameters for DM and NDF, rumen pH and contents of ammonia N, acetate, propionate and volatile fatty acids. Milk fat content and yield were linearly decreased, whereas a linear increase in milk protein content was observed in response to increasing levels of SO, but with no effect on milk yield. Linear reductions in palmitic and ? -linolenic acid contents, a linear increase in trans-10 C18:1 and elaidic acids, and a quadratic effect on vaccenic and rumenic acids were observed in omasal digesta of cows fed increasing levels of SO. Overall, up to 45 g kg-1 SO can be included on DM of chopped sugarcane-based diets without reducing consumption, apparent digestibility and rumen degradability of DM and fiber. Supplementing chopped sugarcane-based diets with 30 to 45 g kg-1 SO (DM basis) promotes milk fat depression due to the inhibition of mammary lipogenesis by specific rumen-derived fatty acid intermediates of the biohydrogenation of unsaturated C18 fatty acids. The inclusion of 15 to 45 g kg-1 SO in chopped sugarcane-based diets improves the nutritional quality of milk fat, with increases in the levels of oleic, vaccenic and rumenic acids, beneficial to human health, and a reduction in the levels of the hypercholesterolemic lauric, myristic and palmitic acids.
COVID-19 and COMORBIDITIES

A novel coronavirus was identified in Wuhan in December 2019 and it rapidly spread throughout China, followed by in other countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of comorbidities on patients with COVID-19 and to give information about their management. The electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar have been used to assess comorbidities and clinical characteristics of COVID-19. Severe disease predominantly occurs in adults with underlying medical comorbidities or advanced age. Comorbidities and other conditions that associated with morbidity and mortality include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, cancer (particularly metastatic disease, lung cancer, and hematologic malignancies) and chronic kidney disease. As the number of comorbidity increases, patients' clinic progresses more severely. A comprehensive assessment and good management of comorbidities can help patients with COVID-19 achieve a better outcome.
Synthesis and Characterization of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Corncob Using Solid Sulfonated Carbon Catalyst

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural as a versatile organic compound is considered as a promising biomass-derived product via hydrolysis followed by dehydration of lignocellulosic biomass using solid catalysts. In this study, lignocellulosic materials (corncob) were utilized to synthesize 5-hydroxymethylfurfural via solid acid catalytic conversion. The precursor of the catalyst material was chemically impregnated with ZnCl2 prior to carbonization. The solid catalyst was prepared with three different acid concentrations of 98%, 96%, and 94% of sulfuric acid. The prepared catalyst was characterized by acid density elemental analysis, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The maximum result of the total acid density and amount of SO3H group was recorded as 3.5 mmol/g and 0.61 mmol/g, respectively, with high sulfur content of 1.87%. The result from FTIR spectra of BC-SO3H−1 confirms the incorporation of -SO3H groups into the carbon material. BC-SO3H−1 was selected based on the acid density and elemental analysis of the catalyst. The activity of the selected catalyst (BC-SO3H−1) was studied on the transformation of corncob to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using biphasic solvent (water: ethyl acetate) and NaCl in the reaction medium. The intermediate result in the hydrolysis\dehydration reaction was analyzed using FTIR and the functional groups observed confirm the occurrence of 5-HMF in the intermediate reaction result.
The Effect of Corporate Governance on Earnings Management with Capital Structure as Intervening Variable

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of corporate governance on earnings management with capital structure as an intervening variable in Islamic commercial banks registered in the Financial Services Authority (OJK) for the 2014-2018 period. This research uses quantitative research by using multiple linear regression and path analysis as data analysis. This study uses secondary data in the form of panel data on Islamic commercial banks registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) for the 2014-2018 period. The data that has been obtained is then analyzed using SPSS 23 devices. The population in this study are all Islamic commercial banks registered at the Financial Services Authority (OJK) during the 2014-2018 period. The sampling method is done by purposive sampling that is by using several criteria to obtain 12 Islamic banks that are used as research samples. The results of this study indicate that managerial ownership, institutional ownership and audit committee have no effect on earnings management. Managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and audit committee do not affect the capital structure. Capital structure cannot mediate the relationship between managerial ownership, institutional ownership and earnings management.
Conocimiento y percepción del venado cola blanca en comunidades rurales del noreste de México: Implicaciones para su manejo y conservación

El exito de las iniciativas de conservacion ambiental se incrementa al emplear un enfoque participativo en el que se toman en cuenta los conocimientos tradicionales y las percepciones locales sobre la naturaleza. El objetivo del presente estudio fue obtener informacion del conocimiento y la percepcion que se tiene del venado cola blanca entre los pobladores de algunas comunidades rurales del noreste de Mexico, con el proposito de que esta informacion contribuya en el planteamiento de programas para la conservacion de la especie. De enero a marzo del 2019 se realizaron 73 entrevistas semiestructuradas a hombres de entre 17 y 68 anos pertenecientes a siete comunidades rurales del norte de Tamaulipas. De manera general los entrevistados sienten un profundo respeto y admiracion por el venado cola blanca, ya que este animal es parte del sustento de sus familias y una fuente de vivencias que compartieron con sus familiares y amigos. En la region el uso que se le da a la especie se agrupa en cuatro categorias: alimenticio, recreativo, comercial y turistico. La percepcion general que se tiene en la region respecto al estado de la poblacion del venado cola blanca es que esta va en declive, debido a la sobrecaceria. Por otro lado, el conocimiento que poseen acerca del venado los pobladores de la region se puede agrupar en tres categorias: la alimentacion, el ciclo de vida y el comportamiento de la especie. En conclusion, el venado cola blanca es un recurso clave para las comunidades rurales del norte de Tamaulipas, del cual los pobladores reconocen que obtienen beneficios ambientales, culturales, economicos, y sociales por lo que resulta necesario que los habitantes de los poblados se organicen, y tomando ventaja de su fascinacion por el venado y los conocimientos que poseen del mismo, disenen una estrategia de aprovechamiento comunitario de la especie del que la mayoria resulte beneficiado.
Despite Blocking Doxorubicin-Induced Vascular Damage, Quercetin Ameliorates Its Antibreast Cancer Activity

Quercetin is a naturally occurring flavonol present in many foods. Doxorubicin is an effective anticancer agent despite its dose-limiting cardiovascular toxicity. Herein, we investigated the potential protective effects of quercetin against doxorubicin-induced vascular toxicity and its effect on the therapeutic cytotoxic profile of doxorubicin in breast cancer cell lines. The incubation of isolated aortic rings with doxorubicin produced concentration-dependent exaggeration of vasoconstriction responses to phenylephrine but impaired vasodilation responses to acetylcholine. Coincubation with quercetin completely blocked the exaggerated vasoconstriction responses and the impaired vasodilation. In addition, doxorubicin incubation increased reactive oxygen species generation from the isolated aorta, while coincubation with quercetin inhibited ROS generation back to normal values. On the other hand, quercetin in combination with doxorubicin, doubled the IC50 of doxorubicin alone in MCF-7 cells from 0.4 ± 0.03 to 0.8 ± 0.06 μM. To a lesser extent, the IC50 of doxorubicin did not change after combination with quercetin in MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings indicate a significant antagonistic interaction between quercetin and doxorubicin in the aforementioned cell lines. Only in T47D cells, quercetin combination with doxorubicin was an additive interaction (CI − value = 1.17). Yet, quercetin significantly impaired the immediate phase of intracellular ROS generation by doxorubicin within breast cancer cells from 125.2 ± 3.6% to 102.5 ± 3.9% of control cells. Using annexin-V/FITC staining technique, the quercetin/doxorubicin combination showed a significantly lower percent of apoptotic cells compared to doxorubicin alone treated cells. Cell cycle distribution in breast cancer cells was performed using DNA content flowcytometry after propidium iodide staining. Quercetin induced significant accumulation of cells in the S phase as well as in the G2/M phase within both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines and interfered with doxorubicin-induced cell cycle effects. Interestingly, quercetin was found to inhibit the P-glycoprotein ATPase subunit with a consequent enhanced intracellular concentration of doxorubicin in MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells. In conclusion, quercetin, despite its potent vascular protective activity against doxorubicin, was found to influence doxorubicin-induced antibreast cancer effects via pharmacodynamic as well as cellular pharmacokinetic aspects.
What kills international organisations? When and why international organisations terminate

This article addresses the puzzle of why, and under what conditions, international organisations cease to exist. International Relations literature offers rich explanations for the creation, design and effectiveness of international institutions and their organisational embodiments, international organizations (IOs), but surprisingly little effort has gone into studying the dynamics of IO termination. Yet if we want to understand the conditions under which international organisations endure, we must also explain why they frequently fail to do so. The article formulates and tests a theory of ‘IO death’ using a combination of population-wide statistical analysis and detailed historical case studies. My analysis is based on an original dataset covering the period 1815–2016. I find that exogenous shocks are a leading proximate cause of IO terminations since 1815 and that organisations that are newly created, have small memberships, and/or lack centralised structures are most likely to succumb. My analysis leads me to suggest a number of extensions and refinements to existing institutionalist theories.
Functional interval observer design for singular fractional-order systems with disturbances

In this study, we consider the problem of designing functional interval observers for a class of singular fractional-order systems. The goal of this work is to design not a full state interval observer for singular fractional-order systems, but to design an observer for state functions of this kind of systems. Conditions for the existence of such functional interval observers are given and an effective algorithm for computing unknown observer matrices is provided in this study. Two numerical examples and simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
I am falling in love, Ouch!: Ontological metaphors at work

The research aimed to track the distribution of in metaphors and explore their ontological function in the abstracts of English research articles in the sub-disciplines of theoretical linguistics and pragmatics. The lack of empirical evidence on the subject had become the inspiration to base the research on a corpus. The corpus consisted of 40 research article abstracts; 20 from Journal of Linguistics and another 20 from Journal of Pragmatics. By using a quantitative method, the results show that theoretical linguistics abstracts are more densely populated with ‘in’ metaphors. However, in terms of in-preposition phrase topic complement variations, they are less varied. Qualitatively, the results confirm a notion proposed by Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) that ‘in’ metaphors function cognitively by providing ontological status to abstract objects. Their existence proves to play an important role in academic texts.
An introduction to categorical data analysis

Two--Way Contingency Tables. Three--Way Contingency Tables. Generalized Linear Models. Logistic Regression. Loglinear Models for Contingency Tables. Building and Applying Logit and Loglinear Models. Multicategory Logit Models. Models for Matched Pairs. A Twentieth--Century Tour of Categorical Data Analysis. Appendix. Table of Chi--Squared Distribution Values for Various Right--Tail Probabilities. Bibliography. Indexes.
Modeling Geoelectric Fields Induced by Geomagnetic Disturbances in 3D Subsurface Geology, an Example From Southeastern Australia

Geomagnetic storms can cause power grid instabilities and blackouts due to excessive geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) flowing in electric transmission systems. In this study, we assess regional vulnerability to GICs by modeling the geoelectric fields induced by significant historic geomagnetic disturbance events in the presence of 3D subsurface geology using data from the Australian Lithospheric Architecture Magnetotelluric Project (AusLAMP) magnetotelluric array, Australia‐Wide Array of Geomagnetic Stations (AWAGS) magnetometer array, and Geoscience Australia geomagnetic observatory network. We analyze the vertical component of the magnetic field with respect to the horizontal magnetic‐field polarization for two magnetic storms and gain insight into the inductive effects associated with field polarization orientations in the 3D case. We also analyze the telluric field intensity and polarization for a unit geomagnetic field polarized in northerly and easterly directions at AusLAMP sites and find that in the presence of 3D geology the induced field has a very polarization‐sensitive anomaly. We model the geoelectric fields in southeastern Australia for the 1989 “Québec storm. ” The induced ground electric fields are typically in the range 1,000–2,000 mV/km with a few sites within 2,000–5,000 mV/km on highly resistive regions and in coastal areas, and below 300 mV/km on inland sedimentary basins. The current study focuses on magnetic‐field variations with periods between 120 and ~20,000 s due to bandwidth limits in our magnetotelluric tensor data and the Nyquist limit for the 60 s sampling of our geomagnetic‐field data. Hence, our modeled maximum values should be considered lower estimates of potential real values.