Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Testicular Development Induced by a Recessive Mutation during Gonadal Differentiation of Female Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.)

The phenotypic effects of a new recessive mutation mas−1, which in homozygous condition induces testicular development in XX animals of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), are described. Sexual differentiation of XX; mas−+/mas−1 and XX; mas−1/mas−1 animals was compared with the gonad development of XX wild type females and XY males. In XX females gonadal differentiation starts with the formation of an ovarian cavity and entry into meiosis of germ cells at around 80 days post hatching (ph). Male gonads remain quiescent until 120 days ph during which period they develop a network of loose connective tissue. Spermatogenesis starts with tubule formation and the differentiation of germ cells into spermatogonia type B. Heterozygous XX; mas−+/mas−1 animals developed as normal females, but in homozygous XX; mas−1/mas−1 animals two types of gonad development were observed. In the first type, germ cells did not enter meiosis until 100 days ph when they differentiated as spermatogonia. An ovarian cavity was not formed but male specific connective tissue developed instead. These gonad developed as normal testes. In the second type, germ cells differentiated at 80 days ph as either oocytes or spermatocytes, which resulted in the gonads developing as ovotestes. The formation of an ovarian cavity was in most cases incomplete. The phenotypic effects of mas−1 are interpreted as a timing mismatch between mas activation and female sex differentiation.
Cytopathological evidence for transport of phytoplasma in infected plants

Pleomorphic phytoplasmas were observed in sieve tubes, companion cells and in phloem parenchyma of Tagetes patula L. , Helichrysum bracteatum Willd. and Gladiolus sp. L. plants with morphological changes typical for phytoplasma infection. In the pores of the sieve plate phytoplasma cells were seen which suggests that the vertical transport of this pathogen goes in the sieve tubes of infected plants throughout the sieve tube pores. The contact of the sieve tube with the neighbouring cells goes through the plasmodesmata, but no changes of the plasmodesmata were observed in the phloem of infected plants. The size and structure of unchanged plasmodesmata does not allow passing through such big structures like phytoplasma. Instead close contact between phytoplasma cells and vertical sieve tube walls takes place. Damages to the cell wall were observed forming cavities in which the phytoplasma cells were present. The damages of parenchyma and companion cells walls also were seen. In cells where the damages of the walls were observed phytoplasmas were present. The phytoplasma cells were sporadically seen also in the intercellular spaces of parenchyma. These data suggest that horizontal transport depends on damages to the infected plant cell walls caused by the phytoplasma itself.
Are increased concentrations of maternal corticosterone adaptive to offspring? A test using a placentotrophic lizard

1. Maternal hormones during embryogenesis act as a bridge between the maternal and the offspring environment and consequently may allow maternal pre-programming of offspring phenotype to the environment, assuming that maternal environment is a reliable predictor of offspring environment. 2. We use an orthogonal experimental design in which we increase plasma corticosterone concentration (vs. control) in placentotrophic gravid female spotted skinks (Niveoscincus ocellatus) and their offspring. We hypothesize that high concentrations of maternal corticosterone allow offspring phenotype to be pre-programmed to better cope with high concentrations of corticosterone after birth and, consequently, offspring would not suffer from its deleterious effects. We use growth as a measure of performance as corticosterone typically affects growth in reptiles. 3. High concentrations of maternal corticosterone had significant effects on offspring body condition at birth which could have resulted from corticosterone passing through the complex placenta and/or from the indirect effects of corticosterone on maternal body condition. 4. There was no indication of maternal pre-programming to high concentrations of corticosterone postpartum: growth rate of offspring placed in the same treatment (corticosterone vs. control) than their mother was not different to growth rate of offspring placed in a different treatment than their mother. 5. Maternal pre-programming to corticosterone may not have been selected for in this species either because maternal chronic stress is not a reliable predictor of offspring chronic stress or because maternal pre-programming does not outweigh the costs of having reduced sensitivity to the hormone, resulting in slower, less appropriate reactions in stressful conditions. This study further demonstrates the highly versatile and context-dependent nature of maternal effects and the trade-offs between costs and benefits of maternal pre-programming.
Effect of frost on the quality of samples of Janz wheat

The effect of frost damage on wheat grain quality was examined in samples of an Australian Prime Hard wheat cultivar Janz. Wheat grain samples that were lightly frosted, severely frosted and unfrosted were obtained from the Riverina district of New South Wales. Each frosted sample was separated by sieving into 2 fractions by size using a commercial grader that was equipped with an aspirator. As the degree of frost damage in the samples increased, grain size decreased, flour extraction decreased, flour ash increased, flour colour deteriorated, dough strength decreased, baking quality decreased, α-amylase activity increased and falling number decreased. Quality assessment of the separated grain fractions showed that the large grains (>2 mm) in both lightly frosted and severely frosted crops were equal or better than the unfrosted sample in all tested quality parameters. The large grain fraction fully met the Australian Prime Hard receival standards and was of quality commensurate with the grade. Separation of grain by size was calculated to be commercially viable for up to 50% frost damage. A commercial flourmill purchased frosted feed grain, followed the sieving procedure, and produced large grain consistent with unfrosted wheat that was subsequently used for normal processing.
Hydrographic conditions driving sardine and anchovy populations in a land-locked sea

The aim of this paper is to establish a relationship between long-term variability in sardine and anchovy populations in the Adriatic Sea and ocean dynamics and processes that occur over interannual and decadal timescales in the Adriatic-Ionian basin. Basis for such analysis are annual time series of sardine and anchovy landings and recruits at age 0 and annual time series of environmental parameters observed at a representative Adriatic station between 1975 and 2010. Pearson correlations and robust Dynamic Factor Analysis (DFA) were applied to quantify the connections between fisheries and environmental parameters. Variations and trends in fisheries series were best explained by changes in near-bottom temperature and salinity, being an appropriate proxy for tracking changes in water masses' dynamics and hydrographic conditions in the basin. It seems that a prolonged period of decreasing sardine population was characterized by low oxygen availability and environmental conditions in the deep Adriatic waters, triggered by an extraordinary basin-wide event called the Eastern Mediterranean Transient. A collapse in anchovy population has been observed after an exceptional cooling event followed by dense water formation.
Methods for rearing the invasive zooplankter Bythotrephes in the laboratory

The invasive spiny water flea's (Bythotrephes longimanus) current North American distribution encompasses the Laurentian Great Lakes as well as a number of inland lakes, particularly on the Canadian Shield. In the past, poor survival in the laboratory has precluded controlled long‐term studies on Bythotrephes. Here we investigated field collection techniques and choices of culture media, temperature, and diet that led to the successful maintenance of Bythotrephes from birth to reproduction. Gravid parthenogenic females were collected from invaded lakes. Resulting offspring were reared in source lake water filtered through 20 or 80 µm, or a fully defined artificial culture medium, FLAMES. Individuals raised in FLAMES produced significantly larger broods than those in lake water, indicating that it is an appropriate culture medium. We next conducted a 96‐h temperature bioassay on juvenile Bythotrephes. Survival was comparable at 16°C, 20°C, and 24°C but decreased after 48 h at 28°C, and most animals died after 24 h at 32°C. We also reared Bythotrephes at 16°C, 19°C, 22°C, and 25°C. Corresponding intrinsic rates of natural increase (r) for animals maintained to first brood release were 0.02, 0.05, 0.06, and 0.03 d−1, suggesting that Bythotrephes should be reared at ~22°C to benefit from maximum population increases. Feeding trials confirmed that young Bythotrephes prefer small, slow‐moving prey. Finally, we devised a protocol for rearing Bythotrephes that yielded 100% survival to reproduction and r = 0.10 d−1 (for animals maintained to first brood release). Given these results, it is now possible to conduct long‐term laboratory studies on this invader.
Regulation of Reducing Carbon Emissions: Is It Effectively Implemented to Develop Competitiveness of Indonesian Manufacturing Firms?

This research aims to examine the effectiveness of the implementation of the Indonesian Government Regulation ‘PP No. 70 / 2009 on Energy management’ to reduce carbon emissions while improving firm competitiveness. This study involved 645 manufacturing firms with the consumed the energy of more than 6,000 ton equivalent oil. To measure the effectiveness of the regulation implementation, this research used a decoupling concept of elasticity developed by Tapio to classify firms into groups that successfully reduced their carbon and not succeed, as well as groups that were able to maintain their competitiveness and were unable to. Then by using two independent sample test, this research compared the competitiveness between successful and unsuccessful firms in reducing their carbon, and also compared to the competitiveness between firms classified as strong decoupling and non-strong decoupling firms. The result of this study shows the successful firms reducing carbon emission have higher competitiveness than those who are unsuccessful. Secondly, Strong decoupling firms have higher competitiveness than those non-strong decoupling. The regulation appears to begin having an effect on firms' carbon costs after the five-year implementation.
Bio-resource Utilization and Socio-economic Conditions of the People Living in Ithing and Karang Island Villages of Loktak Lake, Manipur, India

Bio-resources from the wetlands form the major economy of the rural people living in and around it. There is need to conserve the valuable resources of the wetlands from various anthropogenic pressures so that livelihoods of the people are secured. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the natural resource dependency of the people living in Ithing and Karang, the two island villages of Loktak Lake and assess the socio-economic conditions of the villages. Questionnaire survey and direct observation were used for collection of data. Randomly selected households were administered with the questionnaire to obtain information on the various types of bio-resources utilized by them and to find out the socio-economic conditions of the households. It was found that among the bio-resources used from the lake, fishes and prawns (100% and 68.66%) were the major resources. Water from the lake is used for drinking (100%) and firewood (Phragmites karka, Saccharum munja, etc.) was collected from lake and used (47.33%) as fuel. Fishing and handloom are the major occupations. Average size of family is 8.12 and 31.71% have Primary (Nursery-VIII) level education which is highest in terms of educational level. 54.66% of the respondents were found to have total annual income in the range of Rs. 60,001-90,000/-. Majority of the respondents were found to have own land but lived in kuccha houses (65.33%) and used open pit toilets (46.66%). All the 40 respondents felt that the natural resources of Loktak Lake is declining. Therefore, for the conservation and sustainable development of the lake effective conservation and management programmes need to be taken up by the government, local authorities and communities jointly. Traditional fishing with Athaphums, prevalent earlier has now been stopped by Loktak DevelopmentAuthority as a conservation measure. Community awareness and participation is essential for successful and sustainable managements.
Nutrients, antioxidants, and antioxidant activity of organically and conventionally grown raspberries

The fruits of 'Polka', 'Polana' and 'Pokusa' raspberries grown either under organic practice (ORG) or conventional system (CON) and originating from different locations were evaluated for the content of dry weight, soluble solids, acidity, total sugar, vitamin C, phenolics, and antioxidant activity towards DPPH radicals. Soluble solids varied from 8.3% (CON-'Pokusa') to 10.9% (CON-'Polana'2). Total sugar for organic raspberries was 4.78-6.31 g/100 g, while for conventional group 4.60-7.58 g/100 g. Titratable acidity ranged from 1.67 (CON-'Polana'2) to 2.36 g citric acid/100 g (ECO-'Polana'1). For majority of raspberries vitamin C amounted 20.5-25.6 mg/100 g and only ORG-'Polana'1 showed 17.6 mg/100 g. The scope of total phenol (GAE) in each group was quite similar and overall range was 186.9-249.2 mg/100 g. Antioxidant activity towards DPPH radical was 28.8-45.1% of inhibition for conventionally grown raspberries and 29.0-41.1% for organic fruits. Total anthocyanin content amounted 28.1-48.1 mg/100 g in ORG-group and 26.7-43.6 for conventional fruits. Sum of quercetin derivatives was higher in ORG-group (1.5-3.4 mg/100 g) compared to 1.3-2.4 mg/100 g for conventionally grown raspberries. The values did not show an unequivocal prevalence of any method, because the response of cultivars within specific site conditions was often more pronounced than the system of cultivation.
AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) AIS Electronic Library (AISeL)

The increasing demand of using data to generate insights has spawned the new data broker industry. Data brokers are playing an increasingly critical role in the data-driven advertising ecosystem. Motivated by this new phenomenon, we build an analytical model to analyze the interplay between the data broker’s data quality decision and the firm’s decisions on ads delivery choice and product pricing. We find that when the firm’s ads delivery capability vis-à-vis that of the data broker is either low or high, the data broker may offer high quality data to the firm. Interestingly, under some circumstances, the data broker may offer low quality data to the firm, incentivizing the latter to employ the former’s ads delivery service. This result suggests that data quality can be a strategic tool leveraged by the data broker to affect firm’s ads delivery choice. We discuss implications and provide future extensions.
Genomic Imprinting and Kinship

Until twenty years ago we had no idea which of our genes came from our father and which came from our mother. We took it for granted that our genes expressed themselves identically and that there was a 50/50 chance that they came from either parent. We also assumed that they worked in cooperation with each other. The biggest breakthrough in genetics in the past two decades has been the discovery of genomic imprinting, which allows us to trace genes to the parent of origin. David Haig has been at the forefront of theorizing these developments. He argues that these "paternally and maternally active genes" comprise less than one percent of our total gene count and are far from being cooperative. In fact, they have been shown to be in competition with one another. If Haig's theory holds true, imprinted genes exemplify an extraordinary within-individual conflict, while shaking up our fundamental ideas of what it means to be an individual. This collection of Haig's papers represents a unique comprehensive overview of the state of evolutionary biology. The pages are linked by a commentary that provides background, and brings readers up-to-date on developments that occurred after the paper's original publication. Since genomic imprinting touches on many areas in the life sciences, including evolutionary biology and developmental genetics, Haig's work is scattered through the literature. This volume brings his work together for the first time. A volume in the Rutgers Series in Human Evolution, edited by Robert Trivers. David Haig is an associate professor of organismic and evolutionary biology at Harvard University.
Edge effects and large mammal distributions in a national park

While protected areas are a centrepiece of conservation, populations of animals in protected areas can still be subject to considerable human influence. Conservation theory suggests that many species should live at lower densities at the periphery of protected areas compared with the core area. Similarly, but more specifically, species subject to exploitation are expected to have lower densities in areas close to human settlements compared with more remote areas. Drawing upon distributional data of eight large African herbivore species (buffalo Syncerus caffer, elephant Loxodonta africana, giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis, impala Aepyceros melampus, topi Damaliscus lunatus, warthog Phacochoerus africanus, waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus and zebra Equus quagga) sampled using ground surveys in 1995 and 1996, and seven large herbivore species (the same species without impala) sampled using aerial surveys from 1987 to 2009, we fitted logistic regression models and used an information theoretic model selection approach to test these two hypotheses in an East African savannah national park subject to illegal hunting from outside. In the vast majority of herbivore species, occupancy was not substantially affected by being close to the edge of the park or in close proximity to human villages. Furthermore, population declines witnessed in this protected area were not reflected in reduced occupancy near park boundaries. We conclude that assumed distributional differences between peripheral and core parts of reserves are not necessarily supported by empirical evidence, and that population declines within reserves do not inevitably proceed from boundaries inwards.
Does Competition Enforcement Prevent Competitive Strategies of Digital Platforms: Evidence from BRICS

Competitive strategies of platforms often involve contractual arrangements that might be considered as anticompetitive. Since recent decisions of European Commission after investigations against Google in 2017 and 2018, and Bundeskartellamt against Facebook in 2019, the standards of liability for abuses applied by competition authorities will influence business models of digital platforms. This paper summarizes theories of harm applied by BRICS competition authorities applied towards multi-sided platforms under investigations. One may expect that BRICS approach to be harsher compared to mature competition jurisdictions. However, a comparison shows that discrimination and tying with exclusionary effects have been the focus of investigations and decisions in BRICS. Remedies in the infringement decisions are intended to protect rivalry through “no restriction of multihoming” conditions. There is no evidence that BRICS authorities apply a specific economic theory of multi-sided platforms. At the same time, BRICS competition enforcement could be applied as one of the legal instruments when one platform tries to crowd out another from global markets.
Biology and management of the redheaded pasture cockchafer Adoryphorus couloni (Burmeister) (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) in Australia: a review of current knowledge

The redheaded pasture cockchafer, Adoryphorus couloni (Burmeister) (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) is a pest of semi‐improved and improved pastures in south‐eastern Australia. It is a native species that has adapted to managed pastures, and despite many years of research in attempts to control it, this species still causes major economic damage, especially to perennial dairy pastures in south‐eastern Australia. This is a review of available information on A. couloni and identifies some basic information gaps that require addressing: correct identification of the main pasture beetles, more accurate detection and monitoring methods, and better information on its biology and ecology, especially its feeding behaviour in soil.
Maize synthetics from a mixture of single, three-way, and double cross hybrids using inbreeding coefficients and mean predictions.

Equations for inbreeding coefficient and mean prediction were calculated for a synthetic made with a mixture of single, three-way, and double cross hybrids. As inbreeding and mean predictions for the three types of hybrids was already known, corresponding results for inbreeding and mean prediction for the hybrid mixture were ob¬tained with relative ease.
AKUNTANSI TABUNGAN EMAS PEGADAIAN SYARIAH

Gold savings product is one of the first gold investment product that is available in Indonesia issued by Pawnshop, including Islamic Pawnshop and using a system of buyingsaving gold, and the agreement of gold svings product used is a contract of sale and purchase or akad murabahah. This research aims to find out the accounting treatment of gold savings, especially the aspects of recognition, measurement, disclosure, and presentation in Islamic Pawnshop This research uses qualitative method. Data collecting techniques used are interview and taking financial statement on official website of PT. Pegadaian. The result of this research shows that there is no difference between gold savingsin Islamic Pawnshop and conventional Pawnshop, including the accounting treatment, gold savings product uses accounting of gold sale and purchase and Gold inventory is recognized as Mulia gold inventory because inventory from gold savings is still incorporated with Mulia.
ATP dependent chromatin re-modelling factors regulate expression of genes involved in Dictyostelium discoideum development and chemotaxis

ATP dependent chromatin re-modeling factors have previously been shown to play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression in several model organisms, including yeast, fruit fly and human. When encountered with a nutrient depleted environment Dictyostelium discoideum enter a process of multicellular development which requires the correct temporal and spatial expression of a large subset of genes. Here it is shown that two of these ATP dependent chromatin re-modelling factors, 1NO80 and CHDC, are required for the correct expression of developmental genes of Dictyostelium discoideum and subsequent multicellular morphogenesis. These factors are identified as having a key role in the earlier stage of aggregation and cellular chemotaxis towards the developmental chemoattractant cAMP. Genetic disruption of genes encoding major subunits of these complexes, arp8 and chdC, both result in a decreased ability to form correct fruiting bodies, also showing a marked decrease in chemotactic ability. In each case, these defects are seen to occur through different mechanisms, indicating the role of multiple pathways in the regulation of Dictyostelium chemotaxis. Interestingly, both mutant cell lines are also responsive to the neuropsychiatric treatment drug lithium and are shown to affect elements of the inositol signaling pathway.