Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algebraic group actions and quotients

This course is devoted to the proof of Luna’s étale slice theorem and to the study of some of its applications. A brief description of this theorem follows in 1.1 and 1.2. Our main source is the original paper [14]. The whole proof of this result is complicated, because the hypotheses are very general. We shall sometimes make some simplifications, for example by assuming that we consider only integral varieties or connected groups. Luna’s étale slice theorem is useful for the local study of good quotients by reductive groups. We will give here three applications. We will first give some general results on quotients by reductive groups. The second application is the local study of the moduli spaces of semi-stable vector bundles on curves, following a paper of Y. Laszlo [10]. There are also applications of Luna’s theorem to the study of moduli spaces of semi-stable bundles on surfaces (cf. for example [20]). In the third application we will study the factoriality of the local rings of the points of some quotients. Luna’s theorem will allow us to study the factoriality of the completions of
Trade Openness and Income Inequality: New Empirical Evidence

We examine how trade openness influences income inequality within countries. The sample includes 139 countries over the period 1970-2014. We employ predicted openness as instrument to deal with the endogeneity of trade openness. The effect of trade openness on income inequality differs across countries. Trade openness tends to disproportionately benefit the relative income shares of the very poor, but not necessarily all poor, in emerging and developing economies. In most advanced economies, trade openness increased income inequality, an effect that is driven by outliers. Our results suggest a strong effect of trade openness on inequality in China and transition countries.
Connectedness between the Crude Oil Futures and Equity Markets During the Pre- and Post-Financialisation Eras

This paper examines the effect of financialisation of futures markets has on the relationship between crude oil futures and equities by using the VAR-DCC-GARCH model. Specifically, by accounting for the systematic patterns of commodity price volatility, namely, seasonality and maturity effects for the pre-financialisation (1993-2003) and post-financialisation (2004-2019) period. While speculation that reflects non-commercial investors’ activity is found to have a negative impact on crude oil futures’ volatility before the financialisation period, open interest as a measure of liquidity has a negative effect after 2004. The finding indicates weakening seasonality in crude oil futures and diminishing Samuelson maturity effect i.e. volatility of the contract increases as it nears to expiration since financialisation. This confirms the importance of accounting for volatility dynamics while contributing to financialisation debate.
The Dynamic Interdependence in the Demand of Primary and Emergency Secondary Care: A Hidden Markov Approach

This paper develops an extension of the class of finite mixture models for longitudinal count data to the bivariate case by using a trivariate reduction technique and a hidden Markov chain approach. The model allows for disentangling unobservable time-varying heterogeneity from the dynamic effect of utilisation of primary and secondary care and measuring their potential substitution effect. Three points of supports adequately describe the distribution of the latent states suggesting the existence of three profiles of low, medium and high users who shows persistency in their behaviour, but not permanence as some switch to their neighbour's profile.
How big is home advantage at the Olympic Games?

We revisit the magnitude of home advantage at the Summer and Winter Olympic Games, looking back all the way to Athens in 1896. By comparing a host country’s success with their performances in previous and subsequent games, we find that home advantage has declined over time as participation and the diversity of competition have increased. Hosts of the Summer Olympics between 1988 and 2016 enjoyed a two-percentage-point boost in their shares of medals and finalists, compared with their performances overseas, in both men's and women's events. In this same contemporary period, the home advantage effect at the Winter Olympics was around fifty percent larger in men's events but non-existent in women's events. We also find evidence of significant performance spill overs on the previous and next Olympiads for countries when they hosted the Summer Games.
Does Gender Affect Innovation? Evidence from Female Chief Technology Officers

Abstract In this paper, we examine the impact of female Chief Technology Officers (CTOs) on corporate innovation. We find that firms with female CTOs are more innovative (as captured by both patent counts and patent citations) than firms with male CTOs. This effect is more pronounced for firms with a stronger innovation-supportive culture, firms with female CEOs, and when female CTOs are more powerful. Using mediation analyses, we further validate that female CTOs’ transformational leadership style is a plausible mechanism through which they affect innovation positively.
Characterization of brain lesions using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Nowadays MRS is considered one of the essential imaging modalities to assess the different brain lesions. This retrospective study was done in Khartoum state, Sudan to evaluate brain lesions using MRS. The data were collected from PACS of Royal care hospital after taken an ethical approval from the department of radiology. Total of 100 patients {54 male and 46 females} were examined. After collection, data was then analysed using statistical package for social sciences version 23, frequency and percentage used for categorical variable, cross tabulation using Chi square test to correlate between study variables, p value significant if ≤ 0.05. The study found that the most frequent location of brain lesion in MRI is cerebrum 59%. The most common brain lesion described by MRS are low grade glioma is 18%, high grade glioma is 12%, gliomatosiscerebri5%, focal encephalitis 3%, TB granuloma 4%. The Cho/Cr is done and show that the minimum ratio [1.10] in non-neoplastic lesion, maximum ratio {8} in high grade tumour. Most (86%) of these brain lesions yield low NAA, the lipid/lactate may be moderate or mildly elevated in 33% of cases, respectively. Significant correlation found between lesion type suggesting on MRS and metabolites values (p <0.01) as lipid lactate producing sky high peak on different types of non-neoplastic eg.granuloma, normal peak in all cases of meningioma. The study concluded that MRS complementary to MRI in characterization of brain lesions, it can assess the lesion type and helping in grading of brain tumours.
The teenage love: Do Spanish early-middle adolescents believe in the romantic love?

Romantic beliefs are associated to attachment anxiety, acceptability of abusive relationships and justification of violent behavior. Adolescence is a crucial stage for the consolidation of identity. The aim of this study is to analyze the myths of romantic love and examine gender differences among 448 Spanish early-middle adolescents (M = 12.92; SD = 0.85) that were attending the first and second year of the Spanish secondary education. The Myths, Fallacies and Misconceptions about Romantic Love Scale by Luzón et al. (2011) was administered in the classrooms during tutoring hours and was supervised by a group of psychologists. Results showed that out of the total of 18 myths of romantic love in the evaluation, the average number that the adolescents said they believed in was 9.03 (SD = 3.13). The highest scores were obtained in factors named “Love implies possession and exclusivity” and “True love is predestined”. The better-half myth, the myth of jealousy and the idea of love between couples is the fundamental reason behind the existence were the most frequent beliefs. Statistically significant gender differences were found. Adolescent males reported that they believed in a higher number of myths of romantic love and obtained the highest percentages in most beliefs in myths. Findings show shows that biases and fallacies related to romantic love have already been formed in early adolescence and that appears differentially according to gender. These results can be useful in the planning and design of preventive programs
Assessing group comparisons or change over time under measurement non-invariance: The cluster approach for nonuniform DIF

Comparing scale scores across groups or time requires the assumption of measurement invariance. In order to still facilitate comparisons when measurement invariance does not hold, researchers can strive for partial measurement invariance by identifying respective anchor items. Recently, the cluster approach (Bechger & Maris, 2015; Pohl & Schulze, 2020) has been suggested for the identification of such anchor items regarding intercept parameters within the 1PL model only. We extend the cluster approach to intercepts and slopes in the 2PL model. The cluster approach acknowledges the scale indeterminacy problem and – in contrast to previous approaches – identifies multiple possible item clusters that may function as anchor items. This allows researchers to substantially consider various solutions as well as to depict the uncertainty of the results due to anchor item selection. Here, we evaluate the performance of the approach in a simulation study and illustrate its application in an empirical example.
Theory Acquisition as Constraint-Based Program Synthesis

What computations enable humans to leap from mere observations to rich explanatory theories? Prior work has focused on stochastic algorithms that rely on random, local perturbations to model the search for satisfactory theories. Here we introduce a new approach inspired by the practice of ‘debug-ging’ from computer programming, whereby learners use past experience to constrain future proposals, and are thus able to consider large leaps in their current theory to ﬁx speciﬁc de-ﬁciencies. We apply our ‘debugging’ algorithm to the mag-netism domain introduced by (Ullman, Goodman, & Tenen-baum, 2010) and compare its efﬁciency and accuracy to their stochastic-search algorithm. We ﬁnd that our algorithm not only requires fewer iterations to ﬁnd a solution, but that the solutions it ﬁnds more reliably recover the correct latent theories, and are more robust to sparse data. Our ﬁndings suggest the promise of such constraint-based approaches to emulate the way humans efﬁciently navigate large, discrete hypothesis spaces.
Quantification of Exposure to Black Carbon and NOx inside Vehicles when Driving through a Road Tunnel

This study aimed to quantify the concentrations of NOx and black carbon (BC) inside vehicle cabin in relation to outside concentrations while driving through a 3.8 km long road tunnel, Sodra Lanken, in Stockholm. 10 different vehicles of different types, brands and sizes were chosen as the test fleet. Every vehicle was run back and forth 8 times through the road tunnel, four times in each direction. Temperature inside vehicles was set to 20°C and fan speed was set to auto. The instruments for measuring NOx were two model 405 nm NO2/NO/NOx Monitor™ from 2B technologies, and BC was measured using two Aethalometer, microAeth® model AE51 from AethLabs. In addition, CO2 was also measured using Senseair K33 LP T/RH CO2-sensor. All instruments were battery powered. From the speed of which the pollutants decreased after exiting the tunnel, turnover time for the air in the tested vehicles was calculated to be between 1 and 2 minutes. One passage through the tunnel took about 4 minutes. The total exposure in the passenger compartment varied depending on the car model. The measurements of BC showed that a driver is exposed to between 20% and 80% of the exposure compared driving in a roofdown convertible through the tunnel. For NOx, the exposure in the car compartment was significantly higher, and almost no difference compared to driving with the roof down. Approximately 20%–40% of the BC exposure occurred after the vehicles had exited the tunnel. For NOx, about 30%-45% of the inside car exposure occurred outside the tunnel. The BC to NOx ratio inside the tunnel was calculated to 12.2 ± 1.1 mg BC g-1 NOx-1. Compared to the corresponding ratio in the emission model HBEFA 4.0, which is is 4.3 mg BC g-1 NOx-1, the measured ratio was three times higher.
Imaging from anatomic to molecular and atomic resolution scales: A review

Imaging may be referred to as the ‘eyes of science’ as it provides scientists with highly informative multi-dimensional and multi-parameter data usually invisible to the naked eye. As instrumentation technologies and genetic engineering advances, it’s possible in modern times to observe and image highly dynamic biochemistry processes. This paper reviews positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, visible light microscopy, bioluminescence (BLI) and fluorescence mediated tomography (FMT) imaging techniques, highlighting the principles behind the operation of each technique, their major strengths and drawbacks. With the enhancement of the existing techniques and evolution of new ones, the future possibility of refined view of systems invisible to naked human eye is promising. More so is when two or more techniques are combined in biological systems analysis. Key words: Optical, imaging, microscopy, resolution, fluorescence.
MALARIA DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING WITH K NEAREST NEIGHBOUR ALGORITHM

: To detect the presence of Malaria parasites in Human Blood Cells and to determine how much it is affected. We have developed a machine learning method that can detect malaria parasites in thick blood smear images. Our method consists of two processing steps. To start with, we apply a force based Iterative Global Minimum Screening (IGMS), which plays out a quick screening of a thick smear picture to discover parasite up-and-comers. Then, a customized K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) classifies each candidate as either parasite or background. Malaria - a parasitic disease health problem which leads to millions of deaths especially in remote villages. This disease arises due to damaging of red blood cells. This paper presents a survey on detection / prediction of malaria disease using various machine learning techniques, Image Processing techniques and various clinical methods like rapid test, Nested PCR etc. In our observation, we found that machine learning techniques have wider applicability for critical diagnosis of malaria which in turn helps the clinicians for diagnosing the disease.
Inquiry and Discussion Methods : Interest in Students Learning

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of inquiry learning methods and discussion methods on the social studies learning interest of Al-Azhar Assyarif Beji Junior High School in Pasuruan Regency. This research uses an explanatory type approach (explanatory research). The population of this research is the SMP Al-Azhar Assyarif Bej students in Pasuruan Regency by using saturated sample techniques, as many as 87 students. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire that had previously been tested for validity and reliability of 30 students of Al-Azhar Assyarif Beji Junior High School in Pasuruan Regency. While the data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression assisted by the SPSS computer program. Based on the results of research conducted by the author, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between the inquiry learning method and the discussion method on the learning interest of Social Sciences (IPS) subjects. The suggestion given by the writer is that IPS subject teachers should use inquiry learning methods in every social study learning supported by the use of discussion methods as a medium to strengthen and perfect the findings obtained from inquiry activities, where such learning activities can stimulate and increase the interest in students learning. Keywords—inquiry methods, discussion methods, interest
Board Busyness and Financial Stability: Does Bank Type Matter?

This study examines the impact of board busyness (i.e., multiple directorships of outside board members) on the performance and financial stability of banks in a dual banking system (Islamic and conventional). We consider banks from 14 countries for the period 2010-2015. The results provide strong evidence that conventional banks with busy boards exhibit high bank performance (i.e., high profitability and low cost to income) and greater financial stability (i.e., low insolvency risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, asset risk, and operational risk). These findings are in line with the reputation hypothesis, which asserts that the expertise and connections of busy outside directors lead to better decision making, more efficient resource utilisation and more effective monitoring. In contrast, Islamic banks’ performance and stability are adversely affected by the presence of busy board members, with Islamic banks show low profitability, high cost to income and high risk-taking. This result might be attributed to the complex governance structure of Islamic banks and the uniqueness of their financial products, which require additional effective monitoring.
Islamic Banks' Brand Personality and Customer Satisfaction: An Empirical Investigation through SEM

Purpose – Brand personality plays an important role in affecting customer satisfaction. The Muslim population is estimated to reach 30 percent of the world’s population and it is considered as the fastest-growing religion in the world. To tap into this market, it is important to explore various aspects of business, in general, and marketing, in particular, from the perspective of Muslim consumers. The present research also attempts to do the same by proposing a conceptual model related to the brand personality of Islamic Banks, named, Islamic Banks’ Brand Personality (IBBP) and its impact on customer satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – This paper analyses the causal relationship that exists between the variables related to Islamic brand personality and customer satisfaction. For this purpose data was collected quantitatively from 337 customers of different Islamic banks, through a self-administered questionnaire. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS software. Factor analysis was performed to extract and decide on the number of factors underlying the measured variables of interest. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was then used to examine the variables and the fitness of the proposed model. Findings – The result revealed that five (5) out of the total six (6) hypotheses were supported. In this case, trustworthiness and shariah compliance resulted in the strongest impact on customer satisfaction followed by sincerity and justice. Practical implications – The positive significant impact of trustworthiness and shariah compliance on customer satisfaction attests to the importance of these variables in the development of a strong brand personality in the context of Islamic banks. Policymakers of the financial industry in general and the Islamic financial service industry, in particular, may benefit from the findings of this study. Originality/value – There is a dearth of research conducted on investigating the impact of brand personality-related variables on the Islamic banking sector. The present research did not only develop variables of Islamic Banks’ Brand Personality (IBBP) but also empirically tested their effect on customer satisfaction. This paper, therefore, offers invaluable insight into Islamic Banks’ Brand Personality (IBBP) with its impact on customer satisfaction.
DESIGN OF EARTQUAKE RESISTANT RC BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS

The present work is intended to establish whether an improvement of the current code specifications for the earthquakeresistant design of exterior beam-column joints can be achieved through the use of existing knowledge on the subject. It is based on a comparative study of published experimental information on the behaviour of exterior beam-column joints with (i) the results obtained from a neural network technique which has been found in rescent work to produce the best fit to such experimental information, (ii)the values predicted by the code-adopted formulae, and (iii) the predictions of a recently proposed formula expressed in a simplified form suitable for practical applications. As the development of the latter formulae is based on particular theoretical considerations regarding the transfer of forces and failure mechanisms within the joint, the comparative study provides an indication of, not only each formula’s ability to form a suitable basis for aerthquake-resistant design, but also the ability of the underlying theory to realistically describe the causes of the observed structural behaviour. It is shown that current knowledge is sufficient for a reappraisal of current code provisions that could lead to a significant improvement of the earthquake-resistant design of exterior beam-column joints.
Quartz-coesite transition revisited: Reversed experimental determination at 500–1200 °C and retrieved thermochemical properties

We have determined the quartz-coesite transition by reversed experiments in a pistoncylinder apparatus in the range 500-1200 0c. The differencebetween the sample pressure and apparent pressure was calibrated by (1) studying the friction decay in the hysteresis loop defined by the relationship between apparent ("nominal") pressure and piston position in the compression and decompression cycles, and (2) determining the melting temperature of LiCl by DTA in pressure cells similar to those used in the reversal experiments and comparing the results with those determined in the gas apparatus. The equilibrium transition boundary can be expressed as P (kbar) = 21.945 (:to.1855) + 0.006901 (:to.0003)T (K). It is subparallel to, but -1.5 kbar higher than, the transition boundary determined by Bohlen and Boettcher (1982). We have also retrieved the entropy [39.56 :t 0.2 J/(mol. K)] and enthalpy off ormation (-907.25 :t 0.007 kJ/mol) from elements of coesite at 1 bar, 298 K. , from our phase-equilibrium data and selected thermochemical data from the literature. From the characteristics of the hysteresis loop we conclude that the often-used practice of maintaining a constant nominal pressure by repeated pressure adjustment during an experiment leads to variation of pressure on the sample.
Spatial parameters for transportation: A multi-modal approach for modelling the urban spatial structure using deep learning and remote sensing

A significant increase in global urban population affects the efficiency of urban transportation systems. Remarkable urban growth rates are observed in developing or newly industrialized countries where researchers, planners, and authorities face scarcity of relevant official data or geo-data. In this study, we explore remote sensing and open geo-data as alternative sources to generate missing data for transportation models in urban planning and research. We propose a multi-modal approach capable of assessing three essential parameters of the urban spatial structure: buildings, land use, and intra-urban population distribution. Therefore, we first create a very high-resolution (VHR) 3D city model for estimating the building floors. Second, we add detailed land-use information retrieved from OpenStreetMap (OSM). Third, we test and evaluate five experiments to estimate population at a single building level. In our experimental set-up for the mega-city of Santiago de Chile, we find that the multi-modal approach allows generating missing data for transportation independently from official data for any area across the globe. Beyond that, we find the high-level 3D city model is the most accurate for determining population on small scales, and thus evaluate that the integration of land use is an inevitable step to obtain fine-scale intra-urban population distribution.