Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid bioconversion in harpacticoid copepods in a changing environment: a transcriptomic approach

By 2100, global warming is predicted to significantly reduce the capacity of marine primary producers for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) synthesis. Primary consumers such as harpacticoid copepods (Crustacea) might mitigate the resulting adverse effects on the food web by increased LC-PUFA bioconversion. Here, we present a high-quality de novo transcriptome assembly of the copepod Platychelipus littoralis, exposed to changes in both temperature (+3°C) and dietary LC-PUFA availability. Using this transcriptome, we detected multiple transcripts putatively encoding for LC-PUFA-bioconverting front-end fatty acid desaturases and elongases, and performed phylogenetic analyses to identify their relationship with sequences of other (crustacean) taxa. While temperature affected the absolute fatty acid concentrations in copepods, LC-PUFA levels remained unaltered even when copepods were fed a LC-PUFA-deficient diet. While this suggests plasticity of LC-PUFA bioconversion within P. littoralis, none of the putative front-end desaturase or elongase transcripts were differentially expressed under the applied treatments. Nevertheless, the transcriptome presented here provides a sound basis for future ecophysiological research on harpacticoid copepods.
Robot-assisted care for elderly with dementia: is there a potential for genuine end-user empowerment?

In this paper, we describe considerations arising in relation to the achievement of an ethical design process for an assistive care robot within the H2020 project MARIO. Envisaged end-users of the robot are elderly with mild to moderate dementia in residential care and community settings. MARIO aims to achieve a value sensitive design process with significant end-user involvement in the design of the robot, eliciting their preferences regarding desirable functionalities and identifying ethical concerns. The realization of this participatory approach with persons with dementia raises a number of ethical challenges that the project aims to address.
Feeding to Produce n-3 Fatty Acid-enriched Table Eggs

This study aimed to modify the feed mixtures of laying hens to enrich the consumer eggs with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA): α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). One hundred and twenty Tetra-SL laying hens used in the study were divided into three groups of 40 laying hens arranged in five repetitions: C, control with 5% soybean oil; E1, 0.5% fish oil + 0.5% microalgae Schizochytrium limacinum; and E2, 0.75% fish oil + 0.75% microalgae. The composition of the mixtures was balanced at the level of 17.5% raw protein and 11.81 MJ/kg metabolic energy (ME). Feed and water were provided ad libitum, and the experiment lasted for 21 days. In this study, the different physical and chemical properties of eggs, the fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation of fat in egg yolks were analyzed. The results of the study showed that the weight of the egg yolk and that of the shell depended on the feeding treatments (P=0.014 and P<0.001), and the weight of eggs and basic parts, as well as the thickness of the shell depended on the storage duration (P<0.001). The storage time affected the pH of egg yolks and albumen and the reduction in Haugh units and albumen height (P<0.001). Significant differences were observed in the content of ALA, DHA, ∑n-3 PUFA (mg/100 g) and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio between the C and E1/E2 egg groups (P<0.001). The results of the study indicate that it is sufficient to use a lower level of fish oil and the microalgae Schizochytrium limacinum in hens' feed to achieve a satisfactory increase in n-3 PUFA in eggs, while maintaining optimal values of egg quality and freshness indicators.
Advances in Intestinal Mucosal Immunoglobulins of Teleost Fish (Review)

Immunoglobulins are globulins with antibody activity or antibody-like structures, and fish were the first vertebrates to develop immunoglobulins. There are three major types of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgD and IgZ) in teleost fish, which play an important role in resisting pathogen infection. For fish, the intestinal tract is not only the place for nutrient digestion but also the largest endocrine organ. The intestinal mucosal barrier system can block pathogenic microorganisms and toxins and is important for immunologic defense. Therefore, the study of the molecular mechanism of fish immunoglobulin in intestinal mucosa is of great significance to the selection of immune prevention strategies for fish diseases. At present, information on the immune system of intestinal mucosa in fish is scarce, and there are still many problems in the function of newly identified antibodies, which need further research. In this study, we have summarized current knowledge about the types, gene structure, biological function, and immune response of immunoglobulins in teleost fish, and intestinal mucosal immune tissue of fish. The scientific questions in this field were also presented according to the progress from the latest research in fish immunology. The aim of present study is to provide a theoretical basis for the study of fish immunology. Produced by the Society of Israeli Aquaculture & Marine Biotechnology, the IJA is an open-access, scientific journal, published on http://www.aquaculturehub. org/group/israelijournalofaqua culturebamidgehija To read papers free of charge, please register online at the above website. Sale of IJA papers is strictly forbidden.
Identification and characterization of zebrafish Tlr4 co-receptor Md-2

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful model organism for studies of the innate immune system. One apparent difference between human and zebrafish innate immunity is the cellular machinery for LPS-sensing. In amniotes, the protein complex formed by Toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 2 (Tlr4/Md-2) recognizes the bacterial molecule lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and triggers an inflammatory response. It is believed that zebrafish have neither Md-2 nor Tlr4: Md-2 has not been identified outside of amniotes, while the zebrafish tlr4 genes appear to be paralogs, not orthologs, of amniote TLR4s. We revisited these conclusions. We identified a zebrafish gene encoding Md-2, ly96. Using single-cell RNA-Seq, we found that ly96 is transcribed in cells that also transcribe genes diagnostic for innate immune cells, including the zebrafish tlr4-like genes. Unlike amniote LY96, zebrafish ly96 expression is restricted to a small number of macrophage-like cells. In a functional assay, zebrafish Md-2 and Tlr4a form a complex that activates NF-κB signaling in response to LPS, but ly96 loss-of-function mutations gave little protection against LPS-toxicity in larval zebrafish. Finally, by analyzing the genomic context of tlr4 genes in eleven jawed vertebrates, we found that tlr4 arose prior to the divergence of teleosts and tetrapods. Thus, an LPS-sensitive Tlr4/Md-2 complex is likely an ancestral feature shared by mammals and zebrafish, rather than a de novo invention on the tetrapod lineage. We hypothesize that zebrafish retain an ancestral, low-sensitivity Tlr4/Md-2 complex that confers LPS-responsiveness to a specific subset of innate immune cells.
Experience with diabetic adolescents observing ramadan fasting

Background and Aims: Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan is an obligatory duty for all healthy adult Muslims. Fasting can be a major challenge for adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as they have to keep good glycemic control to avoid complications. Limited data was published regarding the safety of fasting Ramadan in adolescent patients with T1DM. We have therefore conducted this study addressing the question “Can adolescents with T1DM fast safely during the Holy month of Ramadan, without getting significant hypo/hyperglycemia? ” Patients and Methods: This is an observational, prospective, single center study, conducted during Ramadan 2013. Twenty-three patients were observed (7 males, 16 females). Median age was 14 years. All of them had T1DM, and were planning to observe the fast during Ramadan. They were provided with dairies to be filled by the parents or the adolescents themselves (with parental supervision), indicating the days they fasted/didn't fast, and the reasons for not fasting e.g. hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, menstrual period, sickness or other reasons. Patients were also asked to record the blood glucose readings and their insulin doses on daily basis. They were asked to bring their folders back to the Diabetic clinic after Ramadan. Outcome measures obtained included the percentages of the days fasted/not-fasted, the reasons for not fasting, HbA1c changes, and a comparison between patients on multiple daily injections and those on insulin pump. Moreover, we studied the relationship between the number of days not-fasted due to diabetes related issues and the HbA1c before Ramadan. Results: Patients were able to fast 79.9% of the total days eligible for fasting, while 20.1% of the days were not fasted due to either hypoglycemia (29.1%), hyperglycemia (19.4%) or other reasons (51.5%). None of the patients developed severe hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis. There was a mild increment in mean HbA1c after Ramadan (from 8.3% to 8.5%). The patients on insulin pump tended to fast more days than those taking multiple daily injections (82.8% versus 77.3% out of the total eligible days). Patients who had able to fast more days without diabetes related problems tended to have had a marginally better glycemic control before Ramadan (8.3% versus 8.7%). Conclusions: Adolescent patients with T1DM wishing to fast during the holy month of Ramadan may contemplate doing this under medical supervision. The use of insulin pump therapy may help patients to fast more easily and have better control. Adequate education and good glycemic control prior to Ramadan is associated with better outcome.
Fathers’ Educational Needs about Perinatal Care: A Qualitative Approach

Introduction: World Health Organization emphasizes on promotion of male participation in perinatal care to decrease maternal mortality and improve maternal health; this is possible through education. This study aimed to assess the educational needs of fathers for their participation in perinatal care. Methods: This was a qualitative research, using focus group discussions that were performed in eight groups of men and women in the hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The tool of the study was a semi-structured questionnaire with 7 guided questions. Participants were interviewed by a facilitator and a note-taker. All the procedure of discussion was written, tape-recorded and
A focus on recovery: using the Mental Health Recovery Star as an outcome measure

Purpose: The Mental Health Recovery Star was adopted as a routine outcome measure by recovery clinicians in the newly developed Mental Health Recovery Service in Queensland, Australia. Design/approach: All service users referred to the Recovery Service during a three-month period completed the Mental Health Recovery Star. A chart audit was conducted to review the utility of the Mental Health Recovery Star as a clinical outcome measure. Findings: Recovery goals identified by service users through this process and the progress they made are reported. Service users identified that they needed assistance in work, social networks, managing mental health and identity and self-esteem. Conclusion: Overall, it was found that the Mental Health Recovery Star was useful in service mapping and assisting recovery clinicians to identify areas that they needed to focus on when providing treatment and following service user's progress. It complemented other outcome measures used by the service.
Genetic architecture constrains exploitation of siderophore cooperation in the bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia

Explaining how cooperation can persist in the presence of cheaters, exploiting the cooperative acts, is a challenge for evolutionary biology. Microbial systems have proved extremely useful to test evolutionary theory and identify mechanisms maintaining cooperation. One of the most widely studied system is the secretion and sharing of iron‐scavenging siderophores by Pseudomonas bacteria, with many insights gained from this system now being considered as hallmarks of bacterial cooperation. Here, we introduce siderophore secretion by the bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia H111 as a novel parallel study system, and show that this system behaves differently. For ornibactin, the main siderophore of this species, we discovered a novel mechanism of how cheating can be prevented. Particularly, we found that secreted ornibactin cannot be exploited by ornibactin‐defective mutants because ornibactin receptor and synthesis genes are co‐expressed from the same operon, such that disruptive mutations in synthesis genes compromise receptor availability required for siderophore uptake and cheating. For pyochelin, the secondary siderophore of this species, we found that cheating was possible, but the relative success of cheaters was positive frequency dependent, thus diametrically opposite to the Pseudomonas and other microbial systems. Altogether, our results highlight that expanding our repertoire of microbial study systems leads to new discoveries and suggest that there is an enormous diversity of social interactions out there in nature, and we might have only looked at the tip of the iceberg so far.
Stigma: the feelings and experiences of 46 people Stigma: the feelings and experiences of 46 people

To describe the relationship of stigma with mental illness, psychiatric stigma with mental illness, psychiatric diagnosis, treatment and its consequences diagnosis, treatment and its consequences of stigma for the individual. of stigma for the individual. Method Narrative interviews were Narrative interviews were conducted by trained users of the local conducted by trained users of the local mental health services; 46 patients were mental health services; 46 patients were recruited from community and day mental recruited from community and day mental health services in North London. health services in North London. Results Stigma was a pervasive Stigma was a pervasive
Subjective Experiences of Student Nurses in a Pediatric Practicum

Background and Purpose: Training 20-year-old nursing students in pediatric nursing is not an easy task; it is much like letting older children who are not quite independent themselves care for young children and their families. The objective of this research was to explore the subjective experiences of nursing students in a pediatric practicum. Methods: Using qualitative research, we examined 10 students who had completed a practicum for pediatric nursing in their junior year of nursing school at a private university in northern Taiwan. A focus group method was used to collect data, and students were divided into 2 groups. For each group, three 90-min sessions were conducted. Data were collected in group interviews, transcribed for this thesis, and analyzed by a content analysis method of systematic coding. Results: Research results indicated that subjective experiences of university nursing students included 3 themes: adjusting to communicating with the children, dealing with professional staff and families, and expecting trust and approval from their instructors. Conclusions: This research provides the content of subjective experiences of nursing students in a pediatric practicum and discusses the compatibility and uniqueness with other clinical practicum. The results of this research can serve as a reference for nursing teachers and clinical nurses to design appropriate courses for pediatric nursing curricula.
Pain Management Injection Therapies for Low Back Pain

s of potentially relevant articles identified through MEDLINE and Cochrane and other sources (N = 600) Excluded abstracts and background articles (n =400) Full text articles reviewed for relevance to Key Questions (n =200) Included 92 trials in 107 publications Articles excluded: 93 Wrong population: 13 Wrong intervention: 8 Wrong outcome: 5 Wrong study design for key question: 32 Not a study: (letter, editorial, nonsystematic review article): 8 Using original study instead: 1 Not relevant: 26
Leaf and Crown Optical Properties of Five Early-, Mid- and Late-Successional Temperate Tree Species and Their Relation to Sapling Light Demand

The optical properties of leaves and canopies determine the availability of radiation for photosynthesis and the penetration of light through tree canopies. How leaf absorptance, reflectance and transmittance and radiation transmission through tree canopies change with forest succession is not well understood. We measured the leaf optical properties in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) range of five Central European early-, mid- and late-successional temperate broadleaf tree species and studied the minimum light demand of the lowermost shade leaves and of the species’ offspring. Leaf absorptance in the 350–720 nm range varied between c. 70% and 77% in the crown of all five species with only a minor variation from the sun to the shade crown and between species. However, specific absorptance (absorptance normalized by mass per leaf area) increased about threefold from sun to shade leaves with decreasing leaf mass area (LMA) in the late-successional species (Carpinus betulus L., Tilia cordata Mill., Fagus sylvatica L.), while it was generally lower in the early- to mid-successional species (Betula pendula Roth, Quercus petraea (Matt.)Liebl. ), where it changed only a little from sun to shade crown. Due to a significant increase in leaf area index, canopy PAR transmittance to the forest floor decreased from early- to late-successional species from ~15% to 1%–3% of incident PAR, linked to a decrease in the minimum light demand of the lowermost shade leaves (from ~20 to 1%–2%) and of the species’ saplings (from ~20 to 3%–4%). The median light intensity on the forest floor under a closed canopy was in all species lower than the saplings’ minimum light demand. We conclude that the optical properties of the sun leaves are very similar among early-, mid- and late-successional tree species, while the shade leaves of these groups differ not only morphologically, but also in terms of the resource investment needed to achieve high PAR absorptance.
High Throughput Bioacoustic Monitoring and Phenology of the Greater Noctule Bat (Nyctalus lasiopterus) Compared to Other Migratory Species

Conventional monitoring tools are seldom effective for studying the ecology of rare and elusive mammals. In the present study, we use automated ultrasound detectors to provide information about seasonal activity of the greater noctule bat (Nyctalus lasiopterus), the largest and one of least known European bats. We selected localities within Central Europe with diverse geomorphological contexts, including rivers of different sizes and mountain passes. The study demonstrates the capability of the automatic recording approach to achieve bioacoustic discrimination of this species, but also pointed to the persistent need of integrating results from automatic classification software applications with the feedback from manual approaches. The high throughput capacity of the assay proved to be efficient, and the regular occurrence of the species was identified at two localities. These locations are associated with two known and intensely used migratory corridors of winged animals going through Vltava River valley and Červenohorské Saddle in Jeseníky mountains, as illustrated also by the activity patterns of other migratory species. Together with the occurrence of spring and autumn peaks in activity, these findings are in concordance with the plesiomorphic condition in pipistrelloid bats, showing also migratory behavior, and represent further indirect evidence of migration of the greater noctule. This pattern could be facilitated by the trophic niche of the species, involving predation of migrating songbirds. Differences in phenology of migratory species observed at particular sites likely mirror position of the locality in relation to migration flyways, seasonal and geographic variation in prey availability and energy demands etc. Further application of bioacoustic monitoring and other tools is necessary to obtain detailed information about the range and movement ecology of the species in higher latitudes.
Contributions of bats to the local economy through durian pollination in Sulawesi, Indonesia

Durian is economically important for local livelihoods in Indonesia. Our study investigated the identity of pollinators of semi‐wild durian and subsequently estimated the economic contribution of these pollination services. We conducted pollination exclusion experiments and deployed camera traps at durian trees from October 2017 to January 2018 in an area where the local economy depends on durian production in West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Durian flowers in the experiment that were accessible to bats had significantly higher fruit set compared with flowers that were completely closed to animal visitors or those that could only be visited by insects, suggesting that bats were the primary durian pollinator. The small, highly nectarivorous cave nectar bat (Eonycteris spelaea) visited more inflorescences (n = 25) and had visits of much longer duration ( X¯ = 116.87 sec/visit) than the two species of flying foxes: Pteropus alecto (n = 7 inflorescences visited, X¯ = 11.07 sec/visit) and Acerodon celebensis (n = 6 inflorescences visited, X¯ = 11.60 sec/visit). Visits by large and small bats were influential in differentiating successful durian fruit production from unsuccessful. Using a bioeconomic approach, we conservatively estimate that bat pollination services are valued at ~$ 117/ha/fruiting season. By demonstrating an ecological link between bats and the local economy, this research provides an urgent message for Southeast Asian governments regarding the need to promote bat conservation in order to increase the production of durian grown under semi‐wild conditions.