Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurements of sound velocities in shock-compressed tantalum and LY12 Al

Reverse-impact method used to measure the high-pressure sound velocity in shock-compressed metals was described.Two reverse-impact set-ups,Ta/LY12 Al buffer/LiF window and Ta/LiF window,were used to measure the sound velocity in shock-compressed Ta over the range of 110~131 GPa.Measured longitudinal sound velocities in Ta are consistent with the data reported by Brown J M,et al.No significant effects of LY12 Al buffer on the measurement uncertainty of sound velocity were found because of little difference in impedance between LY12 Al and LiF.The longitudinal sound velocities of LY12 Al buffer were determined at 110 GPa and 131 GPa.The data combining with those reported by McQueen R G show that the longitudinal sound velocities in LY12 Al decrease gradually to bulk sound velocities with pressure over the range of 125~150 GPa.
The western limits of the "Hileia Baiana" for orchid bees, including seven new records for the state of Minas Gerais, eastern Brazil

The orchid-bee faunas of Reserva Biologica da Mata Escura and RPPN Duas Barras, in the northeastern portion of the state of Minas Gerais, and one forest fragment in the municipality of Guaratinga, at the border of the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais, eastern Brazil, were surveyed for the first time. A total of 1182 males belonging to 26 species were attracted to 16 different scent baits and actively collected with insect nets during 160 hours from January, 2009 to February, 2011. Besides Euglossa bembei Nemesio, 2011 and Exaerete salsai Nemesio, 2011, recently described from the same region, and Eufriesea brasilianorum (Friese, 1899), recently reported from RPPN Duas Barras, seven orchid-bee species are here recorded for the first time for the state of Minas Gerais: Euglossa amazonica Dressler, 1982, Euglossa augaspis Dressler, 1982, Euglossa ignita Smith, 1874, Euglossa mixta Friese, 1899, Euglossa roubiki Nemesio, 2009, Eulaema atleticana Nemesio, 2009, and Eulaema niveofasciata (Friese, 1899). The orchid-bee faunas of RPPN Duas Barras and the forest fragment in Guaratinga show stronger resemblance to those of areas in the coast, whereas at REBIO Mata Escura it is more similar to those of drier areas in the states of Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo. These results suggest that the border between the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia is the western limit of the “Hileia Baiana” for orchid bees.
DC/AC/RF Characteristics of Multi-Channel GAA NS FETs with ML and BL MoS2

For the first time, we examine the performance of gate-all-around nanosheet field effect transistor (GAA NS FET) with both monolayer (ML) and bilayer (BL) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). As compared to the control sample of silicon (Si), MoS2 devices exhibit reduced short-channel effects (SCE) owing to its larger band gap and larger effective mass. The GAA NS FET with BL MoS2 possesses moderate energy bandgap and large channel thickness which exhibits superior on state current and voltage gain.
TECHNIQUES FOR ESTIMATING NON-STATISTICAL BIAS IN BIG GAME HARVEST SURVEYS'

Two sources of bias in mail questionnaire surveys to determine game harvests are response bias and non-response bias. Response bias was tested in a 3-year survey of deer hunters whose perform- ance was known. In the survey years, net error in estimating total deer harvest was 7.6 percent, with 9.1 percent of unsuccessful hunters reporting a kill and 4.5 percent of the successful hunters reporting no kill. Non-response bias was tested using intensive follow-up mailings and personal contact in a single year. A significant non-response bias toward overestimation was demonstrated in one of the four hunt- ing license types (Resident Big Game) and a correction factor of 8.0 percent was suggested for this license type. Results of both surveys suggest that the mail questionnaire method of estimating deer harvest provides reasonable estimates of total harvest. Two major sources of bias can be noted in the sample surveys traditionally con- ducted by many state Fish and Game De- partments to determine the extent of har- vest. These are: (1) response bias, that is, the bias introduced by respondents who incorrectly report their hunting activity (either by mistake or by design), and (2) non-response bias, that is, differences in hunting activity or performance between those who respond to the mailed question- naires and those who do not respond. This paper will set forth techniques used by the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish to estimate and to adjust for these sources of error in deer harvest surveys.
The Role of Islamic Education Management in Improving Human Resources: A Review of the Implementation of Islamic Education in Indonesia

This research aims to provide various innovations in improving human resources in an Islamic educational institution. This research was conducted by collecting journal articles to combine ideas and innovations that a leader or management can do in an Islamic educational institution. Planning in an Islamic educational institution is important for achieving maximum results. This research aims to relieve leaders or management in Islamic educational institutions in innovating to advance their human resources to keep up with the times and fierce competition, especially in Islamic education. Besides, the purpose of this research is expected to be used as a reference in improving human resource management. This systematic review shows that the existing management in Islamic educational institutions is in dire need of various motivations and innovations in improving its human resources. a) the characteristics of Islamic education management must be based on the Qur'an and Hadith, b) the foundation of Islamic education management is based on four foundations: theoretical foundations, rational foundations, and rational foundations, c) Islamic education management is based on hablu min an-nas (human-oriented) and hablu min Allah (oriented to Allah SWT), d) the key to achieving success in an Islamic educational institution is the desire to learn in everything continually. Positively, this is to raise the spirit of its human resources. Keywords: Islamic Education Management, Human Resources, Islamic Education
Le risorse idriche nei travertini della piana di Tivoli-Guidonia.La modellazione numerica come strumento di gestione degli acquiferi

La piana di Tivoli-Guidonia e un bacino subsidente collocato nel Lazio a ridosso dell’Appennino Centrale, a Nord del Complesso Vulcanico dei Colli Albani. Il bacino e limitato a Nord dai rilievi dei Monti Cornicolani, ad Est dai Monti Lucretili, a Sud dal Fiume Aniene e ad Ovest da rilievi costituiti prevalentemente da terreni marini pliocenici. Fin dall’inizio della subsidenza, datata attorno ai 115.000 anni, sviluppatasi per mezzo di un sistema di faglie ad andamento circa Nord-Sud, e iniziata un’intensa attivita idrotermale nell’area, che ha determinato l’accumulo di un importante e continuo deposito di travertino di spessore massimo oltre agli 80 metri. Il flusso idrotermale, ancora oggi attivo, si manifesta attraverso diverse emergenze di acque sulfuree (con temperature di circa 23°C e conducibilita elettrica di circa 3000 μS/cm) localizzate in corrispondenza di punti di risalita dei fluidi endogeni circolanti nel substrato carbonatico confinato (Capelli et al., 1987). Fin dall’epoca romana il travertino (“Lapis Tiburtinus”), ampiamente sfruttato per rivestire la maggior parte dei monumenti dell’Urbe, era stato coltivato esclusivamente nei suoi strati superficiali per la modesta soggiacenza delle acque sotterranee. A partire dal secondo dopoguerra, l’avvento di pompe idrauliche sempre piu potenti ha permesso di abbassare la falda acquifera e di approfondire la coltivazione. Attualmente, in seguito all’espansione della vicina Citta di Roma a spese delle periferie, la presenza antropica e le attivita estrattive e termali nella piana di Tivoli-Guidonia coesistono in un delicato equilibrio. Per fornire un utile strumento di gestione della risorsa idrica in questo contesto, partendo dai numerosi studi condotti negli ultimi 10 anni sulla geologia e sull’idrogeologia locale, e grazie al monitoraggio in continuo dei principali parametri delle acque di falda, e stato realizzato un modello numerico in stato stazionario del sistema idrogeologico della piana delle Acque Albule utilizzando i codici MODFLOW-2005 (Harbaugh, 2005) e UCODE-2005 (Poeter et al., 2005). Il modello, allo stato attuale, permette di valutare possibili effetti sulla superficie piezometrica a seguito del variare delle condizioni sia naturali che antropiche.
Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains to Last Resort Human Antibiotics Isolated from Healthy Companion Animals in Valencia Region

Failure in antibiotic therapies due to the increase in antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria is one of the main threats to public and animal health. In recent decades, the perception of companion animals has changed, from being considered as a work tool to a household member, creating a family bond and sharing spaces in their daily routine. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess the current epidemiological situation regarding the presence of AMR and multidrug resistance (MDR) in companion animals in the Valencia Region, using the indicator bacteria Escherichia coli as a sentinel. For this purpose, 244 samples of dogs and cats were collected from veterinary centres to assess antimicrobial susceptibility against a panel of 22 antibiotics with public health relevance. A total of 197 E. coli strains were isolated from asymptomatic dogs and cats. The results showed AMR against all the 22 antibiotics studied, including those critically important to human medicine. Moreover, almost 50% of the strains presented MDR. The present study revealed the importance of monitoring AMR and MDR trends in companion animals, as they could pose a risk due to the spread of AMR and its resistance genes to humans, other animals and the environment they cohabit.
Water Flux below the Root Zone vs. Drip-Line Spacing in Drip-Irrigated Corn

Use of microirrigation (drip) is increasing, prompted by factors such as a greater ability to control losses of water and nutrients from the root zone. The cost of drip can be reduced by using wider drip-line spacings. Our objective was to evaluate water flux below the root zone (1.5-m soil depth) with a subsurface drip irrigation system having drip-line spacings of 1.5, 2.3, and 3.1 m near Colby, KS. The soil is a deep silt loam that formed in loess. The crop was corn (Zea mays L.), planted in rows spaced 0.76 m apart. Water flux at the 1.5-m soil depth was determined in five treatments (Trt.): 1.5-m spacing, full irrigation; 2.3-m spacing, 67% of full irrigation; 2.3-m spacing, full irrigation; 3.1-m spacing, 50% of full irrigation; and 3.1-m spacing, full irrigation. With full irrigation, irrigation plus effective rain equaled calculated corn evapotranspiration (ET). Tensiometers were placed below the drip line and at increments of 0.4 m from the drip line at soil depths of 1.4 and 1.7 m. Water flux was calculated by using a hydraulic conductivity (K) vs. matric potential (Ψ m ) relationship, Ψ m data from tensiometers within the corn plots, and Darcy's equation of water flow. In-season water fluxes below the root zone (1.5 m) were 51, 118, and 124 mm at drip-line spacings of 1.5, 2.3, and 3.1 m, respectively. In 1990, corn grain yield was not significantly affected by spacing. In 1991, with drier initial soil-water conditions, corn yielded significantly less grain at spacings of 2.3 m (11.5 Mg ha -1 ) and 3.1 m (10.7 Mg ha -1 ) than at a drip-line spacing of 1.5 m (13.1 Mg ha -1 ). If spacing between drip lines is increased beyond 1.5 m in the silt loam soils of western Kansas, there would be an associated increase in internal drainage from the root zone and decrease in corn yields.
The impact of FDI on economic growth in developing countries: the role of FDI inflow and trade openness

This study examines the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow, trade openness, and the influence of FDI on economic growth. The threshold methodology and GMM estimation are employed to analyze panel data from 60 developing countries in the period between 1995 and 2019. This study demonstrates the positive impact of FDI on economic growth in developing countries. However, the study also finds a significant threshold of FDI inflow relative to GDP that changes the impact of inward FDI on GDP growth. Regarding the role of trade openness, a significant threshold is found, which also indicates the absorptive capacity of the host countries. Moving from below to above this threshold, an increase in FDI inflow leads to a lower increase in economic growth. An increase in FDI relative to GDP stimulates growth only when the host country has sufficient absorptive capacity with regard to trade openness above the threshold. We suggest developing countries tighten the coherence of trade liberalization and FDI attraction policies to obtain the benefits of FDI and make changes to attract new investors when they succeed in attracting massive FDI inflows.
Climate change reduces warming potential of nitrous oxide by an enhanced Brewer‐Dobson circulation

The Brewer‐Dobson circulation (BDC), which is an important driver of the stratosphere‐troposphere exchange, is expected to accelerate with climate change. One particular consequence of this acceleration is the enhanced transport of nitrous oxide (N2O) from its sources at the Earth's surface toward its main sink region in the stratosphere, thus inducing a reduction in its lifetime. N2O is a potent greenhouse gas and the most relevant currently emitted ozone‐depleting substance. Here we examine the implications of a reduced N2O lifetime in the context of climate change. We find a decrease in its global warming potential (GWP) and, due to a decline in the atmospheric N2O burden, also a reduction in its total radiative forcing. From the idealized transient global warming simulation we can identify linear regressions for N2O sink, lifetime, and GWP with temperature rise. Our findings are thus not restricted to a particular scenario.
Subjective Effects of a Single Dose of Ayahuasca among College Students with Harmful Alcohol Use: Qualitative Analysis of Participant Accounts

Alcohol is the recreational drug most frequently consumed, and its high frequency of use can lead to worsening social, psychological, and domestic issues. The age group most susceptible to alcohol dependence is 18- to 24-year-old youths, demanding interventional tools to target early involvement risks. Ayahuasca seems to be a promising therapeutic tool since evidence suggests it presents potential for the treatment of depression, anxiety, and substance abuse, among other disorders. This study aimed to analyze subjective reports of university students with harmful alcohol use participating in a single-blind study evaluating the effects of one ayahuasca dose (1 mL/kg). Twenty-one days after ayahuasca administration, semi-structured interviews were conducted (n = 6) to identify peer psychological elements linked to its therapeutic potential. Subsequently, content analysis methodology was employed to define the main categories: Self-perception of experience, Positive Impacts (PI), Substances Use Pattern (SUP), Insights (I), Visual Effects, Transient Derealization, and Sleep Pattern. Among these, the most pertinent categories for this study were PI, SUP, and I, as, together, they suggest a potential link between insights and/or positive emotions and reduced alcohol consumption due to their internal transformation potential, which could be linked to a decrease in consumption.
Analysis of Effect of Intensity of Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive and Motor Functions and Neurotrophic Factor Expression Patterns in an Alzheimer’s Disease Rat Model

The effect of aerobic exercise at different intensities on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) still remains unclear. We investigated the effect of aerobic exercise at different intensities on cognitive and motor functions and neurotrophic factor expression. Thirty-two AD-induced rats were randomly assigned to control (CG), low-intensity (Group I), medium-intensity (Group II), and high-intensity (Group III) exercise groups. Each group, except for the CG, performed aerobic exercise for 20 min a day five times a week. After performing aerobic exercise for 4 weeks, their cognitive and motor functions and neurotrophic factor expression patterns were analyzed and compared between the groups. All variables of cognitive and motor functions and neurotrophic factor expression were significantly improved in Groups I, II, and III compared to those in the CG (p < 0.05). Among the neurotrophic factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression was significantly improved in Group III compared to that in Groups I and II (p < 0.05). In the intra-group comparison of cognitive and motor functions, no significant difference was observed in CG, but the aerobic exercise groups showed improvements. Only Group III showed a significant improvement in the time it took to find eight food items accurately (p < 0.05). Aerobic exercise improved the cognitive and motor functions and neurotrophic factor expression patterns in the AD-induced rat model, with high-intensity aerobic exercise having greater effects on cognitive function and BDNF expression.
Depolymerisation of Kraft Lignin by Tailor-Made Alkaliphilic Fungal Laccases

Lignins released in the black liquors of kraft pulp mills are an underutilised source of aromatics. Due to their phenol oxidase activity, laccases from ligninolytic fungi are suitable biocatalysts to depolymerise kraft lignins, which are characterised by their elevated phenolic content. However, the alkaline conditions necessary to solubilise kraft lignins make it difficult to use fungal laccases whose activity is inherently acidic. We recently developed through enzyme-directed evolution high-redox potential laccases active and stable at pH 10. Here, the ability of these tailor-made alkaliphilic fungal laccases to oxidise, demethylate, and depolymerise eucalyptus kraft lignin at pH 10 is evidenced by the increment in the content of phenolic hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, the methanol released, and the appearance of lower molecular weight moieties after laccase treatment. Nonetheless, in a second assay carried out with higher enzyme and lignin concentrations, these changes were accompanied by a strong increase in the molecular weight and content of β–O–4 and β–5 linkages of the main lignin fraction, indicating that repolymerisation of the oxidised products prevails in one-pot reactions. To prevent it, we finally conducted the enzymatic reaction in a bench-scale reactor coupled to a membrane separation system and were able to prove the depolymerisation of kraft lignin by high-redox alkaliphilic laccase.
Horizontal pressure on barricades for backfilled stopes. Part I: Fully drained conditions

Stope backfilling is used in underground mines to provide a safer working space for personnel and machinery. To ensure a secure application of backfill, it is critical to accurately evaluate the pressures exerted on the walls and barri- cades placed near the base of the stope to retain the fill materials. In this paper, existing solutions for evaluating the stresses on barricades are reviewed. The authors then propose a new three-dimensional analytical solution that takes into account the stress transfer from the backfill to the walls in both the stope and access drift. In particular, the solution con- siders the influence of the barricade position within the drift on the stress state. Comparisons are made between the pro- posed solution, physical model test results, and numerical simulations. The good agreement between various results indicates that the proposed formulation provides a good estimate of the pressure on a barricade. The solution presented here is applicable to fully drained backfill (without water-pore pressure); the solution for saturated backfill is given in a companion paper (see Part II, this issue).
Resources for planning and teaching mathematics: a Swedish upper-secondary school case study

This study investigates resource use by upper-secondary mathematics teachers in the context of collaborative planning. A thematic content analysis is conducted on audio-recorded teacher discussions in order to find out what resources are used by the teachers, how they are used, and for what reasons. The findings show that although teachers use a variety of resources to support their instructional enactment as well as instructional design, there is a difference in how they use different resources to support different planning practices. For instructional design, curriculum resources provide support for the mathematical content, while social resources, self-generated documents, and cognitive resources provide support for the design of instructional activities. Authority is given by teachers to curriculum resources, but conflicts of authority emerge in discussions, when teachers’ abilities to exert their agency are not supported by curriculum resources. We discuss the findings in relation to authority and resource use, as well as for established conceptualizations of resources. The findings bear practical implications for the design of curriculum resources.
Effects of Water and Fertilizer Stress on the Yield, Fresh and Dry Matter Production of Grain Amaranth ('Amaranthus cruentus')

The effects of crop yield, fresh and dry matter partitioning of grain amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) in relation to different water stress and different levels of fertilizer application were studied. Grain amaranth was planted in the predominantly sandy loam soil. The treatments applied include replenishing soil moisture back to field capacity and imposing moisture stress 75% and 50% of the amount of water applied to bring soil moisture to field capacity. Within each treatment were varying levels of fertilizer application based on plant density and influence area at 100%, 75% and 50%. The actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa) was determined by using a weighing lysimeter and the reference evapotranspiration (ETp) was determined by using the pan evapotranspiration method. The results showed that water had significant effect on the total plant weight, stem weight, leaf weight, and root weight with p-values of 0.000, 0.001 and 0.000 respectively. However fertilizer and its interaction with water had no significant effect on total plant weight, stem weight, and root weight with p-values of 0.15 and 0.75, 0.22 and 0.68, and 0.37 and 0.79 respectively. For total plant weight, root, leaf wet and dry weights however, fertilizer had significant effect with pvalues of 0.04, 0.042, 0.011 and 0.039 for dry matter. None of water, fertilizer and their interactions had any significant effect on dry matter concentration and the harvest index of the plant and dry matter concentration of the partitioned components of the plant. Fresh matter accumulation increased with time for all the combinations until after the seventh week of planting beyond which fresh accumulation started reducing. Plots with moisture content kept at field capacity and 100% fertilizer application recorded the highest fresh and dry matter production, while those with 50% of the moisture content at field capacity and 50% of the fertilizer requirement recorded the least fresh and dry matter production. Yield was highest for plots with the water content kept at field capacity and 100% fertilizer application recording an average value of 22.87 ton/ha and least with plots with 50% of the moisture content at field capacity and 50% of the fertilizer treatment recorded 12.55 ton/ha. The study shows that moisture stress seriously affects grain amaranth than fertilizer stress. Also it shows that the fresh and dry matter accumulation and yield of grain amaranth depends on the on the soil moisture status.