Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La rouille jaune du blé en France: Des épidémies déclenchées par une nouvelle race, un hiver doux et un printemps humide

La Rouille jaune du ble due a Puccinia striiformis est une maladie a l'expression sporadique, d'une part a cause du climat (hiver doux et printemps humide la favorisent), d'autre part a cause de la confrontation entre des varietes de ble resistantes et l'arrivee de races du parasite contournant ces resistances varietales. Un modele de prevision (Yello) permet de prevoir le risque epidemique sur varietes sensibles et donc d'appliquer sur ces varietes des traitements fongicides precoces raisonnes en fonction de ce risque. Reste a tenir compte de l'evolution des sensibilites des varietes, certaines « resistantes » devenant sensibles suite a l'arrivee de nouvelles races du parasite. Ainsi, la decennie 1990 a ete marquee : d'abord par le calme en matiere de rouille jaune ; puis par des epidemies en 1996 et 1997 dans le sud-ouest sur la variete Victo (resistante a la rouille brune mais tres sensible a la rouille jaune peu crainte, a tort, dans ces regions); - et enfin a une explosion epidemique en 1999 au nord de la Loire, liee principalement a l'arrivee de la race 233E137V17 de P. striiformis possedant le gene de virulence V17. La vigilance est de rigueur pour 2000 : l'hiver a ete doux, et les prelevements effectues en 1999 montrent que la race 233E137V17 de P. striiformis est largement repandue. La selection varietale en tient compte cherchant a diversifier les sources de resistance. Mais, pour la conduite des bles durant cette campagne (et pour ceux de 2000/2001) on devra tenir compte de la « nouvelle sensibilite » de plusieurs varietes de ble actuelles.
Disturbance of Brain Metabolites in Mice:
Potential Neuropathic Damage Mediated
by Nanocarbon Black Exposure

This Carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs), a common and important manufacturing material, have been proven to exert adverse effects on brain function; however, the underlying neurotoxicity remains poorly understood. To unravel the deteriorating effect of CBNPs on the brain, a chronic long-term carbon black exposure mouse model (0 , 0.15 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 1.5 mg/ml groups) was established via nasal injection of CBNPs for 3 months. Intriguingly, the evidence directly showed the penetration of CBNPs in the brain, as the electron microscopic data showed an obvious deposition of CBNPs in various brain regions, where the mitochondrion displayed significant destruction. The metabolite changes based on GC/MS metabolic analysis displayed striking differences after CBNP exposure. With principal component analysis and the PLS-DA model, the brain metabolites of the control group and the treatment group were significantly distinguished, and these changes were involved in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism. In detail, glutamine, glycine, lactic acid and norepinephrine, the excitotoxic metabolites, were markedly increased. Collectively, the current study provides new insights into brain metabolic homeostasis after CBNP exposure, revealing potential targets in CBNP-induced neurotoxicity.
ICT-Driven instructional and assessment strategies for physical education in the new normal

Technology shaped the educational system since it enabled teachers to build several instructional methods that are both flexible and effective. It is undeniable that the use of ICT-aided teaching strategies in physical education enable the Physical Education (PE) teachers to adapt to the shifting educational environment. It has been established that several forms of ICT-aided methods were utilized by physical education teachers based on the applicability of these strategies and the teachers’ abilities to put them into practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of ICT-aided strategies across HEIs and secondary schools. There were total of 130 PE instructors from HEIs and secondary schools who participated in the study. Descriptive-comparative design was employed to emphasize the need to determine how nominal characteristics influenced competencies. Notably, the findings indicated that demonstration-based assessment was applicable among HEIs because of the intensive physical education curriculum. Male PE instructors were more competent in applying formative assessment and demonstration-based assessment. Competency of PE instructors within these metrics was remarkably high with an emphasis on self-efficacy. Teachers’ engagement to ICT-aided strategies reflected their teaching competencies having traces of motivational, leniency, and flexible learning. Limitations of the study represent the need to assess other factors that were relevant in teaching other that being described (e.g., social, economic, organizational). Nevertheless, ICT-aided strategies transformed the competencies of PE instructors towards sustainable learning in new normal.
Amphotropic liquid-crystalline behaviour of glycolipids in amino acid ionic liquids

ABSTRACT We examined lyotropic liquid-crystalline behaviour of glycolipids (GLs) with a normal alkyl chain or a diacetylene-functionalised alkyl chain in several amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs). It was found that the mixtures of GL and AAIL form various nanosegregated liquid-crystalline phases, such as smectic, bicontinuous cubic and hexagonal columnar phases, depending on the two-component ratio and AAIL species. The observed liquid-crystalline behaviours were summarised as phase diagrams. It is noteworthy that the employment of amino acid anions with superior hydrogen-bonding ability, such as aspartic and glutamic acid anions, gives a phase diagram with a wide liquid-crystalline region. Comparing with a phase diagram obtained for the GL/water mixtures, we gained insights on the similarity/dissimilarity between water and AAILs as self-organisation media of amphiphiles. For the diacetylene-functionalised molecule, UV irradiation was carried out to progress polymerisation. It is of interest that the polymerisation reaction progressed when the glycolipid formed a smectic phase in an AAIL while a reaction progress was not found when it formed a bicontinuous cubic phase in another AAIL. We believe that AAILs have a great potential to be a liquid media not only for amphiphiles but for various functional materials, such as polymers and colloids, to form novel assemblies. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Advancements in copy number variation screening in herbivorous livestock genomes and their association with phenotypic traits

Copy number variations (CNVs) have garnered increasing attention within the realm of genetics due to their prevalence in human, animal, and plant genomes. These structural genetic variations have demonstrated associations with a broad spectrum of phenotypic diversity, economic traits, environmental adaptations, epidemics, and other essential aspects of both plants and animals. Furthermore, CNVs exhibit extensive sequence variability and encompass a wide array of genomes. The advancement and maturity of microarray and sequencing technologies have catalyzed a surge in research endeavors pertaining to CNVs. This is particularly prominent in the context of livestock breeding, where molecular markers have gained prominence as a valuable tool in comparison to traditional breeding methods. In light of these developments, a contemporary and comprehensive review of existing studies on CNVs becomes imperative. This review serves the purpose of providing a brief elucidation of the fundamental concepts underlying CNVs, their mutational mechanisms, and the diverse array of detection methods employed to identify these structural variations within genomes. Furthermore, it seeks to systematically analyze the recent advancements and findings within the field of CNV research, specifically within the genomes of herbivorous livestock species, including cattle, sheep, horses, and donkeys. The review also highlighted the role of CNVs in shaping various phenotypic traits including growth traits, reproductive traits, pigmentation and disease resistance etc., in herbivorous livestock. The main goal of this review is to furnish readers with an up-to-date compilation of knowledge regarding CNVs in herbivorous livestock genomes. By integrating the latest research findings and insights, it is anticipated that this review will not only offer pertinent information but also stimulate future investigations into the realm of CNVs in livestock. In doing so, it endeavors to contribute to the enhancement of breeding strategies, genomic selection, and the overall improvement of herbivorous livestock production and resistance to diseases.
Coronary Slow-Flow Phenomenon in Takotsubo Syndrome: The Prevalence, Clinical Determinants, and Long-Term Prognostic Impact

Patients with takotsubo syndrome (TTS) may present coronary slow flow (CSF) in angiography performed in the acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, the detailed clinical relevance and its long-term impact remain poorly understood. Among 7771 MI patients hospitalized between 2012 and 2019, TTS was identified in 82 (1.1%) subjects. The epicardial blood flow was assessed with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) scale and corrected TIMI frame count (TFC), whereas myocardial perfusion with TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG). CSF was defined as TIMI-2 or corrected TFC > 27 frames in at least one epicardial vessel. CSF was identified in 33 (40.2%) TTS patients. In the CSF-TTS versus normal-flow-TTS group, lower values of left ventricular ejection fraction on admission (33.5 (25–40) vs. 40 (35–45)%, p = 0.019), more frequent midventricular TTS (27.3 vs. 8.2%, p = 0.020) and the coexistence of both physical and emotional triggers (9.1 vs. 0%, p = 0.032) were noted. Within a median observation of 55 months, higher all-cause mortality was found in CSF-TTS compared with normal-flow TTS (30.3 vs. 10.2%, p = 0.024). CSF was identified as an independent predictor of long-term mortality (hazard ratio 10.09, 95% confidence interval 2.12–48.00, p = 0.004). CSF identified in two-fifths of TTS patients was associated with unfavorable long-term outcomes.
Interannual climate variability in the European and Alpine region

The present PhD dissertation examines climate variability in the European and Alpine re¬ gions. Measurements from the high-density climatologicalsnow-, precipitationand tem¬ perature networks are used to analyze local climate variability. Large-scale climate data sets are cxplored to characterisethe continental-scaleclimate and to elueidate the connection between local and large-scale climate variability. The main purpose of the thesis is to improve our knowledge of variability in the climate System. Possible implications from ongoing and future climate change are also discussed. The main body of the thesis is com¬ posed of five publications in peer-reviewed Journals. Chapters 2 and 3 investigate variability and trends in Swiss Alpine snow pack and the links to local climate variability and large-seale circulation. In the late 20th Century, signifi¬ cant decreases in snow days have been observed for low-altitude stations. Simple Statistical modelling shows that these trends can be mainly attributed to increases in temperature. The seasonal mean precipitation infiuence on trends is small. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), as the major mode of large scale circulation variability over Europe, is found to be importantin cxplaining the observed snow day trends, but not in explaining the large interannual snow day variability. The lattcr is primarüy related to a flow anomaly pattern centred over south-eastern Europe resembling the so called Euro-Atlantic atmospheric blocking pattern. Swiss snow pack variability can be decomposed into three well separated patterns of variability. The leading pattern shows comparatively small geographical variations explain¬ ing roughly 50% of total interannual variability. The second pattern distingiiishes between the northern and soutliern slope of the Alps. It explains about 15% of total variability. The third pattern shows large loadings in the lowlands, explains approximately8% of total vari¬ ability, and is height dependent. It is shown that the rclation to temperatureand precipita¬ tion depends on the specific snow parameter considered. Variabilityin seasonally averaged snow parameters that are determined by the conditions during snow accumulation only (e.g. new snow sums) is primarily related to local precipitationvariability. Variability in parameters that are influenced by accumulationand ablation processes (e.g. average snow height and snow days) is related more to temperature or both temperatureand precipita¬ tion variability. In Chapter 4, three new two-dimensional atmospheric blocking indicators are used to analysc the Statistical relationship between the leading climate patterns of mid-tropospheric flow and atmospheric blocking over the Euro-Atlantic region during winter. The results indicatc that the blocking-NAO relation is not restricted to the North Atlantic region where blocking and the NAO are known to be out of phase. The positive NAO phase is characterised by an enhanced oecurrence of blocking-type high-pressure Systems over the European
Validation of the laboratory measurements at seismic frequencies using the Kramers‐Kronig relationship

We present a simple procedure concerning the application of the Kramers‐Kronig relation for the validation of the laboratory measurements of the extensional attenuation and Young's modulus carried out on the solid specimens at seismic frequencies. The local approximation of the Kramers‐Kronig relationship was applied to verify the seismic‐frequency measurements conducted on four specimens: a viscoelastic polymethyl‐methacrylate (PMMA) sample, and two water‐ and one glycerol‐saturated sandstone samples. The experimental tests were performed at various axial (PMMA sample) and confining (sandstone samples) pressures. The measurements conducted on the PMMA sample and saturated sandstones revealed prominent extensional attenuation and significant dispersion of the Young's modulus. Our analysis shows that the quantitative relationship between the extensional attenuation and the Young's modulus is consistent with the causality principle presented by the Kramers‐Kronig relationship. No particular physical models implying any constraints on the physical properties of the samples are required for this validation.
Not all those who wander are lost: characterizing sex differences in spatial exploration and their relationship to navigation ability

Sex differences in spatial ability and navigation are well documented. Although several theories explain a subset of these findings, a comprehensive theory has yet to be offered and tested. As such, we provide evidence that co-occurring evolutionary pressures shaping male and female range sizes lead to the use of different navigation strategies, which produce differences in self-reported spatial anxiety and sense of direction. Next, we provide experimental evidence testing two important implications of our model. First, if the co-occurring evolutionary pressures producing differences in range size are functional, then they ought to shape how males and females explore a novel environment. In our experiment, males demonstrated a higher rate of diffusion than females (e.g., spreading throughout the space more quickly), and females demonstrated more caution while exploring a novel, large-scale virtual environment. Second, maintaining a larger range size places greater demands on male navigation, which not only leads to the use of a different navigation strategy, but also to better navigation performance. At first glance, there is inconclusive evidence in support of superior male navigation ability. A closer look reveals that sex differences in navigation often emerge when individuals are allowed to freely explore the environment prior to testing. Given the expected sex differences in exploration behavior predicted by our model, we provide evidence that features characteristic of male exploration also offer the individual a wealth of spatial information that may lead to better navigation performance.
Nurses' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Enteral Feeding of Critically ill Patients at Kenyatta National Hospital Critical Care Unit

Enteral feeding/nutrition is the most efficient nutritional support strategy used by critical care nurses to feed patients in critical care units (CCUs) who are unable to meet their dietary demands orally. In developing countries, most critically ill patients continue to receive low amounts of their dietary needs in the CCUs. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out investigations on the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of critical care nurses attending to extremely ill patients. This study's objective was to determine the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of critical care nurses on enteral feeding of critically ill patients at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) CCUs. The study adopted a cross-sectional quantitative study design. Using a stratified sampling design and proportionate sampling technique, a sample size of 135 critical care nurses was recruited. Data was collected using a standardised questionnaire. Inferential statistics, Pearson Chi-square (χ2) or Fisher's exact tests were used to analyse the relationship between independent and dependent variables. A p-value of <0.05 was set as the significance criterion. Approximately 65.9% of the study participants noted adequate level of knowledge on enteral nutrition, followed by moderate (23.0%) and inadequate (11.1%) levels of knowledge. Most of the respondents (96.3%.) had positive attitudes toward enteral feeding. About 54.7% of the study subjects had competent enteral feeding practices. The gender, age group, terms of service, level of qualification and work experience were not significantly associated with the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices on enteral feeding among critical care nurses. This study concluded that the critical care nurses had adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and competent practices on enteral nutrition. The study recommends that critical care nurses must be provided with regular, continuous medical training on enteral nutrition to maintain a high level of knowledge, positive attitudes, and competent practices on enteral nutrition
Long-Term Hepatitis B Vaccine Immunity in Ethiopian Children That Received a Pentavalent Vaccine Series: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Chronic hepatitis B affects close to 300 million people globally with 1.5 million new infections per year. It causes the highest numbers of cirrhosis and liver cancer diagnoses each year. In children, perinatal transmission and contact with infected blood or body fluids remain the main methods of transmission. There are increasing reports of breakthrough hepatitis B infections in fully vaccinated children born to hepatitis B-negative mothers, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Our study aimed to measure the adequacy of hepatitis B surface antibody levels among children and adolescents who received three rounds of hepatitis B vaccination during infancy and delivered to hepatitis B-negative mothers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method: This was a retrospective cohort study analyzing results of paired serology tests for hepatitis B surface antibody and antigen tests performed for children aged 1–18 years from July 2022 to June 2023. All recorded data were transferred to SPSS version 29.0. The prevalence of adequate hepatitis B surface antibody levels was determined and sub-group analysis conducted using descriptive statistics, frequencies and tables. The magnitude of association between different variables and vaccine-induced hepatitis B immunity was assessed using logistic regression. Statistically significant differences were taken at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 256 children were included in the study (mean age: 7.53 years). Six children (2.3%) had breakthrough hepatitis B infections. Overall, 37 children (14.4%) were categorized as having optimal hepatitis B surface antibody levels (vaccine-induced antibody titers of >10 IU/mL), while 219 (85.6%) had low titers of <10 IU/mL. Nearly all (97.4%) of the sub-group aged 10 years and above had below-par antibody levels, with adolescents (11–18 years) being ten times more likely to have low seroprotection than those aged less than 5 years. Conclusions: Our study showed markedly low vaccine-induced hepatitis B surface antibody levels among the study population, especially adolescents. The presence of breakthrough infections may suggest a genuine lack of response and not just a mere drop in antibody titers and thus could highlight a significant public health problem in Ethiopia. Further immunologic studies and a thorough analysis of vaccine storage and administration should be conducted to inform prevention programs.
The Effects of Premedication With Three Different Doses of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Comparative Study

Background: Intravenous dexmedetomidine is one of the commonly preferred techniques for sedation during any regional procedure. However, only a very few studies compared the impact of different bolus doses during spinal anesthesia, and none for our geographical area. Materials and methods: A total of 60 patients were allocated into either of the three groups (group I, II, III) to receive intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mcg/kg, respectively. The primary outcome was to compare the duration of sensory and motor blockade and the secondary outcomes were the level of sedation, hemodynamic stability, duration of analgesia, and the side effects, if any. Results: Two-dermatome regression time and the duration of motor block were significantly higher in groups II and III when compared to group I. However, the difference in duration of analgesia, Ramsay sedation scores, bradycardia, and hypotension was statistically insignificant between the groups. Conclusion: Intravenous dexmedetomidine in doses of 0.75 and 1 mcg/kg significantly prolongs the two-dermatome regression time and duration of the motor block when compared to 0.5 mcg/kg dose. Hence, it is better to titrate the dose between 0.75 and 1 mcg/kg, as the administration of bolus intravenous Dex in doses ranging between 0.75 and 1 mcg/kg appears to provide adequate intraoperative block characteristics while maintaining hemodynamic stability without any significant respiratory depression or other adverse effects.
A Case Report and Literature Review of Gastric Stump Carcinoma: An Uncommon Entity Following the Billroth II Procedure

Gastric stump carcinoma is a rare phenomenon and could occur in individuals after a distal gastric resection. Regardless of the surgical approach, it can lead to certain complications. However, the Billroth II gastrojejunostomy procedure has been noted to have some specifically interesting complications due to the anatomical changes it triggers. These changes, such as bacterial overgrowth and enterogastric reflux, can cause metaplasia. We discuss a case of an 81-year-old male with a history of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) status post-Billroth II gastrojejunostomy 30 years prior who presented with a four-day history of bright red blood per rectum. On esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), he was found to have friable, ulcerated mucosa at the anastomosis site. Biopsy results revealed CDX2-positive cells, indicating gastric adenocarcinoma. Although it is well-known that the anatomical changes of gastrojejunostomy will undoubtedly change the microbiome of the stomach, physicians should also be mindful of the more feared complications such as gastric stump carcinoma.