Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiences and attitudes toward scientific research among physiotherapists in Austria: a cross-sectional online survey

ABSTRACT Introduction Research is important for the development of physiotherapy practice, but several countries have a rather short history of physiotherapy as an academic profession. Purpose This study investigated physiotherapists’ experiences and attitudes toward scientific research in Austria, where physiotherapists have only been qualifying at bachelor level since 2009. Methods A convenience sample of 597 qualified physiotherapists completed an anonymous cross-sectional online survey. Results Most respondents were female (n = 467, 78.2%) and in age groups between: 26–35 years (n = 149, 25.0%); 36–45 years (n = 178, 29.8%); and 46–55 years (n = 173, 29.0%). Seventeen respondents (2.8%) held doctoral degrees, and 61 (10.2%) had substantial research experience beyond undergraduate or master-level student research. More positive research attitudes were observed in participants who were male, younger, without children, had completed their physiotherapy qualification since 2009, were engaged in teaching and education, and held postgraduate degrees. Most frequently reported barriers and/or enabling factors for physiotherapy research were time, training, finances and a “critical mass” of research activity. Conclusion These findings highlight low levels of research activity among physiotherapists in Austria, despite general appreciation of the importance of research for the profession. The identified attitudinal profiles, barriers, and facilitators may inform initiatives for advancing physiotherapy research in the Austrian context.
Is the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in solid organ transplant recipients really similar to that of the general population?

We read with great interest "Outcomes of Critically Ill Solid Organ Transplant Patients with COVID-19 in the United States" by Molnar1 et al. and "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: A case-control study" by Chaudhry et al.2 The first, matched case-control study, compared the outcomes of critically ill Severe Acute Respiratory Virus Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients and the general population. The latter2 was also a case control study of hospitalized SOT and non-SOT recipients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), comparing outcomes including mortality.
Primary and secondary antioxidant activities of nine edible mushrooms species

In this study, nine different edible mushrooms, namely bunapi, maitake, bunashimeji, abalone, oyster, button, white, enoki and kukur evaluated for antioxidant activities and total phenolic content (TPC). Specifically, three different antioxidant assays which were 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and metal chelating (MC) used. From the evaluation, button mushrooms were identified to scavenge free radicals and reduce lipid peroxidation with the lowest EC50 of 23.40±2.56 mg/mL in methanol extract. Besides, the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power and metal chelating activities were exhibited by button mushroom in water extract at 25.47±2.52 mg/mL and enoki in methanol extract at 1.00±0.16 mg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the highest contents of total phenolics were recorded in a water extract of kukur with 211.35±11.89 μg GAE/g extract and methanol extract of maitake with 400.28±11.35 μg GAE/g extract. However, there was no correlation between the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content because the activity of DPPH, FRAP and metal chelating revealed different lowest EC50 value when associated with different species of mushrooms. Hence, this study showed the antioxidant values of nine edible mushrooms species, which can serve as a useful database for the selection of mushrooms in food, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals industries.
Evaluation of Ocular Surface and Meibomian Glands in Patients With Scleroderma

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with scleroderma. Methods: A total of 32 patients with scleroderma (study group) and 31 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled. Besides routine ophthalmologic evaluation, Schirmer 1 test, tear break-up time, tear osmolarity, ocular surface staining with fluorescein (Oxford score), and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, meibomian gland dysfunction evaluation (foamy tears, telangiectasia of the eyelid, eyelid contour abnormalities, and meibomian plugs), and meibography were performed. Results: Sixty-four eyes of 32 patients with scleroderma and 62 eyes of 31 healthy individuals were evaluated. Mean ages of the study group was 48.34 ± 9.73 years (21–62 years) and of the control group was 45.84 ± 4.42 years (38–54 years) (P = 0.067). Mean duration of systemic sclerosis or scleroderma in study group was 9.78 ± 7.40 years (1–30 years). Mean tear break-up time was shorter in study group than that in the control group (P < 0.0005). No statistical differences were detected for osmolarity, OSDI score, and Schirmer 1 values between groups (P = 0.051, P = 0.053, and P = 0.358, respectively). The prevalence of grade 1 and higher Oxford score was higher in the study group (P < 0.0005). Upper meiboscores of grade 1 and higher were found to be more common in the study group than those in the control group (P = 0.036). The presence of foamy tears and telangiectasia of the eyelids were significantly higher in the study group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002, respectively). OSDI score was the only significantly correlated data with disease duration (Spearman ρ coefficient = 0.396, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Evaporative type dry eye is more common in patients with scleroderma than the healthy population.
Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among sexually-active unmarried young female internal migrants working in Burayu Town, Ethiopia

Background Young female internal migrants are highly vulnerable to risky sexual behaviors (RSB) which may result in serious health problems such as unintended pregnancy, abortion and sexually transmitted infections including HIV. RSB includes early sexual debut (before 18 years), having multiple sexual partners, sex without a condom or inconsistent use of condom and sex under the influence of substance use. This study aimed to assess the magnitude and the factors associated with RSB among sexually-active unmarried young female internal migrants in Burayu Town, Ethiopia. Methods A cross sectional study design was used for the study. A total of 267 respondents was recruited into the study using a simple random sampling technique. A semi-structured interviews-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from the study participants. The collected data were cleaned, coded and entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS Ver.21 for analysis. Multiple logistic regression models were used to indicate the association between dependent and independent variables. The results About 35% of the young female internal migrants had sexual debut before the age of 18 years; 64.4% had sex without condom or inconsistently used condom; nearly one quarter of the participants had multiple sexual partners, and 29.6% had sex under the influence of substance uses. The magnitude of RSB among the study participants was (79.1%). Sexting [AOR 3.47(95%; CI;1.10–11.94)], frequent engagement in social media [AOR 10.9(95%;CI;2.31–51.89)], feeling of embarrassment to buy condom [AOR 8.28(95%; CI; 2.10–32.62)], unfavorable attitude toward using condom for steady and loving relationship [AOR 5.72(95%; CI; 1.47–22.24)] were related with RSB while self-efficacy [AOR 0.15(95%: CI; 0.04–0.57)] to use condom and perceived risks of getting pregnant [AOR 0.05(95%; CI; 0.01–0.23)] were found to be protective factors. Conclusion The study found high levels of RSB among sexually-active unmarried young female internal migrants. This finding suggests an urgent need of intervention to promote safe sex among this group. Special attention and prompt interventions are needed to promote the use of condoms.
Development of an endothelial-like cell line from the brain of the American eel and its use to study the effects of selenium

iv Acknowledgements . vii List of Figures . xvi List of Tables . xxiv List of Abbreviations . xxv Chapter 1: General Introduction . 1 1.1 Specific Goals . 1 1.2 American Eel (Anguilla Rostrata) . 1 1.2. 1 Life Cycle . 1 1.2. 2 Importance of American Eels . 4 1.2. 3 Eel Population Decline . 5 1.2. 4 Possible Causes of the Decline . 5 1.3 Fish Cell Lines . 11 1.4 Eel Cell Lines . 15 1.5 Brain Cell Lines . 16
Understanding factors influencing the length of hospital stay among non-severe COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study in a Fangcang shelter hospital

As a novel concept of responding to disease epidemics, Fangcang shelter hospitals were deployed to expand the health system’s capacity and provide medical services for non-severe COVID-19 patients during the outbreak in Wuhan. To give insights on patient management within Fangcang hospitals, we conducted a retrospective analysis to: 1) describe the characteristics of the patients admitted to Fangcang hospitals and 2) explore risk factors for longer length of stay (LOS). We enrolled 136 confirmed COVID-19 patients, including asymptomatic patients and those with mild symptoms, who were hospitalized in the Wuti Fangcang Hospital. 58 patients completed the treatment and discharged before 1 March 2020. After describing patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, exposure history, treatment received and time course of the disease, we conducted linear regression analysis to identify factors influencing LOS. We found that patients having fever before admission were hospitalized 3.5 days (95%CI 1.39 to 5.63, p = 0.002) longer than those without fever and that patients having bilateral pneumonia were hospitalized 3.4 days (95%CI 0.49 to 6.25, p = 0.023) longer than those with normal CT scan results. We also found weak evidence suggesting that patients with diabetes were hospitalized 3.2 days longer than those without diabetes (95%CI -0.2 to 6.56, p = 0.065). However, we observed no significant differences in LOS between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and between patients who received treatment and those without treatment. Longer duration of hospitalization among non-severe COVID-19 patients is associated with having fever, bilateral pneumonia on CT scan and diabetes. However, being asymptomatic and using supportive medications at the early stage of infection do not have significant influences on LOS. Our study is a single-centered study with relatively small sample size. The findings provide evidence for predicting hospital bed demand in a novel response scenario and may help decision-makers in preparing for ramping up the health system capacity.
Brassinosteroids trigger tolerance to iron toxicity in rice.

Iron (Fe) toxicity is one of the most frequent abiotic stresses in rice, as it affects from 15 to 30% of the total production. Brassinosteroids (BRs), including 24-epibrassinolide (EBR), regulate ion homeostasis and improve the antioxidant system. The aim of this research was to determine whether EBR can contribute to the tolerance of rice plants exposed to Fe toxicity and to evaluate the possible effect on anatomical characteristics, nutrient concentrations, the antioxidant system, and gas exchange. The experiment was randomized with four treatments, two with different concentrations of Fe (250 and 6 250 μM, control and toxicity, respectively) and these were either supplied with EBR or not (0 and 10 nM EBR, described as - EBR and + EBR, respectively). Treating plants grown under Fe toxic conditions with EBR caused an 70 % increase in root aerenchyma area, compared to plants without steroid treatment. Our results revealed that EBR treatment could mitigate the deleterious effects of Fe toxicity in rice plants, by modulating the aerenchyma area, which contributes to the formation of an oxidative barrier and reduce the Fe mobilization at the root surface. Plants that were exposed to Fe toxic concentrations and treated with EBR showed (i) an increase in the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase, (ii) mitigation of oxidative damage and (iii) increased scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Finally, EBR alleviated the negative impacts induced by excess Fe on the net photosynthetic rate and the instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. These benefits were directly related to higher electron transport and stomatal density and indirectly linked to the protection mechanism exercised by the antioxidant enzymes on photosynthetic machinery. We conclude that EBR is able to confer tolerance to Fe toxicity in rice plants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation in early rehabilitation of patients with postoperative complications after cardiovascular surgery

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in early rehabilitation of patients with postoperative complications after cardiovascular surgery. Methods: 37 patients (25 men and 12 women) aged 45 to 70 years with postoperative complications after cardiovascular surgery were included in the study. Eighteen patients underwent NMES daily since postoperative day 3 until discharge in addition to standard rehabilitation program (NMES group), and 19 patients underwent standard rehabilitation program only (non-NMES group). The primary outcome was the knee extensors strength at discharge in NMES group and in control. Secondary outcomes were the handgrip strength, knee flexor strength, and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps femoris in groups at discharge. Results: Baseline characteristics were not different between the groups. Knee extensors strength at discharge was significantly higher in the NMES group (28.1 [23.8; 36.2] kg on the right and 27.45 [22.3; 33.1] kg on the left) than in the non-NMES group (22.3 [20.1; 27.1] and 22.5 [20.1; 25.9] kg, respectively; P < .001). Handgrip strength, knee flexor strength, quadriceps CSA, and 6 minute walk distance at discharge in the groups had no significant difference. Conclusions: This pilot study shows a beneficial effect of NMES on muscle strength in patients with complications after cardiovascular surgery. The use of NMES showed no effect on strength of non-stimulated muscle, quadriceps CSA, and distance of 6-minute walk test at discharge. Further blind randomized controlled trials should be performed with emphasis on the effectiveness of NEMS in increasing muscle strength and structure in these patients.
Technological Properties and Consumer Acceptability of Bakery Products Enriched with Brewers’ Spent Grains

Nowadays, brewers’ spent grains (BSG) is considered the most abundant and low-cost brewing by-products, presenting a great potential as a functional food ingredient. Since BSG is rich in dietary fiber and protein, it can be a raw material of interest in bakery products. However, blending wheat flour with BSG can affect dough rheology and the structural and sensorial properties of products. In this context, BSG flour at different levels (0%, 5%, and 10%) was used to enrich three commercial soft wheat flours, and to develop new formulations for bakery products (bread, breadsticks and pizza). As expected, the enrichment caused a significant increase of proteins, dietary fibers, lipids, and ash related to the BSG enrichment level. Significant changes in dough rheological properties (e.g., higher water absorption, lower development time and stability, dough strength, and tenacity) and in the color of the crust and crumbs of bakery products were also observed. At last, the consumer test pointed out that the 5% BSG enrichment showed the higher overall acceptability of proposed bakery products.
Glucagon for hypoglycaemia treatment in type 1 diabetes

To achieve strict glycaemic control and avoid chronic diabetes complications, individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are recommended to follow an intensive insulin regimen. However, the risk and fear of hypoglycaemia often prevent individuals from achieving the treatment goals. Apart from early insulin suspension in insulin pump users, carbohydrate ingestion is the only option for preventing and treating non‐severe hypoglycaemic events. These rescue treatments may give extra calories and cause overweight. As an alternative, the use of low‐dose glucagon to counter hypoglycaemia has been proposed as a tool to raise glucose concentrations without adding extra calories. Previously, the commercially available glucagon formulations required reconstitution from powder to a solution before being injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly—making it practical only for treating severe hypoglycaemia. Several companies have developed more stable formulations that do not require the time‐consuming reconstitution process before use. As well as treating severe hypoglycaemia, non‐severe and impending hypoglycaemia can also be treated with lower doses of glucagon. Once available, low‐dose glucagon can be either delivered manually, as an injection, or automatically, by an infusion pump. This review focuses on the role and perspectives of using glucagon to treat and prevent hypoglycaemia in T1D.
Clinicopathological study of renal tumours in surgically excised specimens

A study on Clinicopathological Study Of Renal Tumours In Surgically Excised Specimens was conducted for two years from June 2016 to May 2018. The study was on twenty-eight surgically excised specimens of renal tumours in the Department of Pathology of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences at Karad District in Satara, Maharastra, India. The observed results stood as 75% of Radical Nephrectomy, 17.85% of renal biopsies and partial Nephrectomy in 7.14%cases. The reading revealed 28.5%of cases, that is, amaximumnumber were found in their 6thdecadeof life. The rest of the cases, 21.42%were either septuagenarian or quadragenarian. The male preponderance was noted with Male: Female ratio 2.5:1. Out of 28 cases of renal tumours, 50% of cases had lank pain, 28.57% cases with lank pain associatedwith hematuria in Amaximumnumber of instances had issues thatwere involving the left-sided kidney. The most common site for tumour involvement was upper pole comprising of 35.71% followed by the lower pole in 28.57% of cases. In a maximum number of instances, grossly the size of tumour ranged from 0-4 cm. Out of all malignant tumours, Renal Cell Carcinoma-RCCwas the most common tumour comprising (75%). The majority (42.10%) of renal cell carcinomas were of Fuhrman nuclear grade II. Majority of cases (56.5%) were at TNM stage I. A detailed histopathology examination and routine H and E staining help to diagnose accurately and to determine the various histological type, subtype. It also helps to evaluate other histopathological determinants. The clinical results shifts as per the histologic subtypes.
Postoperative Regional Scalp Block versus Intravenous Fentanyl for Postsupratentorial Craniotomy Analgesia in Adult Patients under General Anesthesia

Majority of patients undergoing craniotomy experienced moderate to severe pain in surgical site after the procedure, and there is a reluctance to manage this pain with systemic opioids that is understandable as it may impair neurological assessment, that is crucial in the postoperative period. In addition to that, evidence concerning alternative analgesia techniques to manage post craniotomy pain is de icient. This research aims at evaluating the effect of postoperative regional scalp block (RSB) versus intravenous fentanyl for postsupratentorial craniotomy analgesia in adult patients under general anaesthesia. Patients were automatically divided into two groups with 15 patients in each, Group B: postoperative RSB was done after the end of skin closure and before emergence from general anaesthesia, Group C: control group: in which standard intraoperative analgesia was given in the form of intravenous fentanyl with no block. This study included patients with Supratentorial brain tumours were admitted to Zagazig University Hospitals. We gathered the cases in the time between March 2018 and March 2020. Results: the results displayed highly signi icant differences betweenRSB group and control group. Postoperative RSB showed advantages over standard analgesia in the point of more signi icant reduction of hemodynamic response to pain in the form of heart rate and blood pressure postoperatively, decrease opioid consumption, lower Visual Analogue Score(VAS), Postoperative RSB can be performed easily in a short time with very high success rate allowing better postoperative control of haemodynamics, less postoperative pain. We recommend using postoperative RSB in supratentorial craniotomy as a gold standard in our hospital to get the advantages as mentioned above.
Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia on the Outcome in Term Neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on the outcome in term neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India. Term infants with moderate to severe HIE were randomized to be treated with normothermia or hypothermia. Mortality, neurological abnormality or normal outcome was recorded at hospital discharge or 28 days of age, whichever was earlier, and at 18 months of age. RESULTS The baseline maternal and neonatal characteristics in the two groups were similar. The 78 infants in the hypothermia group had more normal survivors at discharge (38%) than the 84 infants in the normothermia group (30%), ratio 1.29 (95% confidence interval 0.84-1.99), and at 18 months of age (65% vs. 42%), ratio 1.54 (1.13-2.10). When these results were combined with those of a previous randomized trial in the same neonatal unit, there were significantly more normal survivors with hypothermia compared to normothermia at discharge, ratio 1.49 (1.18-1.88) and at 6-18 months of age, ratio 1.37 (1.17-1.60). CONCLUSION In term infants with HIE, therapeutic hypothermia reduced mortality and neurological abnormalities, and resulted in more normal survivors. LAY SUMMARY Babies who do not breathe immediately after they are born are likely to die or have brain damage. Previous studies have suggested that cooling these babies after birth might reduce the number who die or have brain damage. In this resource-limited setting, babies who were cooled were less likely to die or survive with brain damage.
Preschool Asthma Symptoms in Children Born Preterm: The Relevance of Lung Function in Infancy

Background: The aim of the study is to assess whether lung function of infants born preterm predicts wheezing in pre-school age. Methods: A survey of the core wheezing questionnaire of the International Study on Asthma and Allergy in Children was administered to parents of preterm newborns, to whom lung function tests were performed at a corrected age of six months, and who, at the time of the survey, were between three and nine years of age. Results: Low values of all lung function parameters measured, except FVC, were predictors of wheezing at some time in life, (FEV0.5 OR: 0.62 (95%CI 0.39; 0.995); FEV0.5/FVC OR: 0.73 (0.54; 0.99)) FEF75 OR: 0.60 [0.37; 0.93]; FEF25-75 OR: 0.57 (0.37; 0.89)); and of wheezing in the past year (FEV0.5 OR: 0.36 (0.17; 0.76); FEV0.5/FVC OR: 0.59 (0.38; 0.93); FEF75 OR: 0.38 [0.19; 0.76]; FEF25-75 OR: 0.35 (0.17; 0.70). In addition, FEV0.5/FVC values lower than the lowest limit of normality, were predictive of hospital admissions due to wheezing (OR: 3.07; (1.02; 9.25)). Conclusions: Limited lung function in infancy is predictive of both future wheezing and hospitalization for a wheezing episode.