Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Correlation between Thyroid Hormone Levels and the Kidney Disease Progression Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes, Metabolic and Obesity: Targets and Therapy

Objective: We investigated the relationship between thyroid hormones and the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. Methods: A total of 452 patients with type 2 diabetes were included, and a cross-sec-tional analysis was performed. Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were used to diagnose persistent albuminuria and stage chronic kidney disease, respectively. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) clinical practice guideline was used to describe the risk of DKD progression (low, moderate, and high or very high risks). Results: The DKD group had higher levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and lower levels of free triiodothyronine (FT 3 ) and free thyroxine (FT 4 ) than the non-DKD group. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the DKD group was significantly higher than in the non-DKD group, especially the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism. FT 3 levels decreased gradually with the deterioration of DKD. TSH levels increased with an increasing KDIGO category. FT 3 and FT 4 levels were negatively correlated with serum creatinine levels and ACR, and positively correlated with eGFR. Contrastingly, TSH was positively correlated with ACR, and negatively correlated with eGFR. After adjustment, an increase in FT 3 levels significantly reduced the risk of DKD [odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI)=0.58 (0.42–0.79)] and DKD progression [ORs (95% CIs)=0.65 (0.45–0.93) for the moderate risk group and 0.50 (0.33–0.74) for the high or very high-risk group, using the low-risk group as a reference]. FT 3 levels below 4.30 pmol/L in men and 3.99 pmol/L in women were the cut-off points for an increased risk of DKD progression. Conclusion: Low FT 3 level is an independent risk factor for DKD and DKD progression. FT 3 ≤4.30 pmol/L in men and ≤3.99 pmol/L in women will greatly increase the risk of kidney disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes. LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FT 3 , free triiodothyronine; FT 4 , free thyroxine; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone.
Can seaﬂoor voltage cables be used to study large-scale circulation? An investigation in the Paciﬁc Ocean.

Marine electromagnetic (EM) signals largely depend on three factors: ﬂow velocity, Earth’s main magnetic ﬁeld, and seawater’s electrical conductivity (which depends on the local temperature and salinity). Because of this, there has been recent interest in using marine EM signals to monitor and study ocean circulation. Our study utilizes voltage data from retired seaﬂoor telecommunication cables in the Paciﬁc Ocean to examine whether such cables could be used to monitor circulation velocity or transport on large-oceanic scales. We process the cable data to isolate the seasonal and monthly variations, and 5 evaluate the correlation between the processed data and numerical predictions of the electric ﬁeld induced by an estimate of ocean circulation. We ﬁnd that the correlation between cable voltage data and numerical predictions strongly depends on both the strength and coherence of the model velocities ﬂowing across the cable, the local EM environment, as well as the length of the cable. The cable within the Kuroshio Current had good correlation between data and predictions, whereas two of the cables in the Eastern Paciﬁc gyre — a region with both low ﬂow speeds and interfering velocity directions across the cable — did not 10 have any clear correlation between data and predictions. Meanwhile, a third cable also located in the Eastern Paciﬁc gyre had also good correlation between data and predictions — although the cable is very long and the speeds were low, it was located in a region of coherent ﬂow velocity across the cable. While much improvement is needed before utilizing seaﬂoor voltage cables to study and monitor oceanic circulation across
COVID-19 Working Paper: The COVID-19 Pandemic and Food Security in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review of the Emerging Microeconomic Literature

This paper is published through USDA, Economic Research Service’s (ERS) COVID-19 Working Paper series. This temporary Working Paper series is designed to publicly release preliminary analyses relevant to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on agriculture, food, the environment, and rural America in a timely manner. ERS’ COVID-19 Working Papers have not undergone the review and editorial process generally accorded official ERS publications, but ERS economists and social scientists reviewed them through an expedited process. A Abstract This paper reviews preliminary findings from the emerging microeconomic literature on observed changes in food insecurity associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The review complements existing macroeconomic projections of food insecurity, based on expected changes in income and prices, by providing discussions of local-level, microeconomic differences in food insecurity. The review focuses on studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries that include household survey data, measuring food insecurity, collected both before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, the authors review eight studies—seven from countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and one from India. The authors discuss findings and limitations in this emerging literature, with the goal of informing responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. A key takeaway is that—although most studies in the review find evidence of increasing food insecurity amid the COVID-19 pandemic, there is also evidence of resilience (at least in terms of food security) among some subpopulations. fall outside of these and and explain the findings in this emerging literature. The authors attempted to as detailed an understanding of the immediate and short-term changes in food insecurity amid the COVID-19 pandemic as possible the time of
A Conservative Approach for Unbiased Learning on Unknown Biases

Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve state-of-the-art in image classification, recent works address their unreliable predictions due to their excessive dependence on biased training data. Existing unbiased modeling postulates that the bias in the dataset is obvious to know, but it is actually unsuited for image datasets including countless sensory attributes. To mitigate this issue, we present a new scenario that does not necessitate a predefined bias. Under the observation that CNNs do have multi-variant and unbiased representations in the model, we propose a conservative framework that employs this internal information for unbiased learning. Specifically, this mechanism is implemented via hierarchical features captured along the multiple layers and orthogonal regularization. Extensive evaluations on public benchmarks demonstrate our method is effective for unbiased learning. 11Source code: https://github.com/aandyjeon/UBNet
The fi rst record of the Asian bamboo weevil Cyrtotrachelus rufopectinipes Chevrolat , 1883 ( Coleoptera : Curculionidae : Dryophthorinae ) from Cambodia

The Kep Archipelago in Cambodia supports a variety of ecologically important species, including the Endangered coastal Irrawaddy dolphin Orcaella brevirostris. This dolphin population has recently been subject to increased research, but faces growing threats from a variety of anthropogenic pressures, including pollution and illegal, unreported and unregulated fi shing activity. This study reports on the fatal strandings of ten Irrawaddy dolphins in Kep Province between 2017 and 2020 and documents the internal and external injuries recorded during rudimentary necropsies as well as the distribution, seasonality and demography of the stranding events. The strandings occurred throughout the archipelago in all seasons, although they were most prevalent during the post-monsoon season (October to November). Juveniles were most susceptible to stranding and no strandings of calves were recorded. The causes of death could not be accurately determined due to a lack of resources and trained personnel, although disease, chemical pollution and
Strategic Asset Allocation for Sovereign Wealth Funds

We propose a normative strategic asset allocation model for long horizon sovereign wealth funds (SWFs). SWFs optimally choose asset allocation to smooth background shocks from persistent commodity prices and business cycles subject to a sustainable spending constraint. SWFs should have lower stock market exposure as they mature, and should use the SWF to smooth business cycle shocks, rather than commodity price shocks, in well-diversiﬁed economies. The government’s taxation capacity, or consumption commitments, substantially aﬀect asset allocation, and low real interest rates generate a “reaching for yield” portfolio behavior. Higher expected growth without a sustainability constraint generates a smaller SWF.
Promoting interaction in emergency remote language teaching and learning: A proposal of seven tasks to negotiate meaning1

The COVID-19 pandemic required that people make rapid changes in their lifestyles. Since the beginning of the pandemic, it was necessary for teachers and learners to adapt teaching and learning practices to a remote mode. Following this, our study seeks to contribute to the field of English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching and learning by suggesting tasks. These tasks which intend to assist EFL teachers in the promotion of interactions and particularly negotiation for meaning (NfM) in virtual classes. Seven tasks are included, six of which are adaptations of the tasks that were used in the previous studies that explored NfM. The seven tasks were modified since they were originally designed to be carried out in face-to-face interactions, but our objective is to encourage virtual NfM. To this end, we include a review of the literature that will serve as the rationale behind each task, and we also provide the details regarding their implementation in virtual classes. © 2021 Asociacion Mexicana de Maestros de Ingles MEXTESOL A.C. All rights reserved.
WRITTEN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION AND PREFERENCES

There have been noticeable studies probing into how written corrective feedback (WCF) could help to improve EFL students' awareness of grammatical terms. However, a few are known to investigate how the students’ perceptions and preferences could prompt their approbation toward the feedback. This study reports on Indonesian university students’ views of written corrective feedback in a writing class. Furthermore, their preferences for different types of WCF are also investigated. This survey study collected data by distributing a questionnaire to 387 participants from two different universities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The results indicated that although the participants favored different types of feedback, all of them shared a sympathetic attitude towards the feedback given. In particular, they believed that WCF could facilitate to improve their writing skills and language knowledge. Through WCF, they became aware of what to avoid and improve to create good writing. The results further indicated that of several different types of feedback strategies, direct feedback performed as the most favored to improve students’ writing skills, followed by metalinguistic, reformulation, and indirect strategy. Overall, the findings ratified the value of WCF for EFL students in Indonesia. More research in this area are expected to furnish more contributive information.
STUDY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL DESTRUCTION IN PHARMACIES IN DENPASAR CITY

Destruction of pharmaceutical preparations is one of pharmaceutical cares in Pharmacy which regulated in Permenkes RI No. 73 of 2016. The aim of this study is to describe the implementation of pharmaceutical care standard about destruction of pharmaceutical preparations in several pharmacies in Denpasar City. This study uses descriptive qualitative research through interviews. Data was collected by survey in 12 pharmacies in Denpasar City with 12 respondents on June 2020. This study uses total sampling technique in which the entire populations are used. Based on the identification results, the destruction of pharmaceutical preparations in majority of pharmacies are not in accordance with applicable regulation.
The prevalence and causes behind self-medication with antibiotics in Basrah: A community-based study

--- Despite the global crisis of antibiotic resistance, the problem is aggravated in developing nations and regions where antibiotics can be given or obtained without a prescription. In Iraq, the prevalence and motivations for self-medication using antibiotics have not been well investigated from a community perspective. The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence and causes of antibiotic self-medication in the community of Basrah, Iraq. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional household survey done between November 2021 and March 2022 using a structured questionnaire with a total sample of 470 participants. Result: Antibiotics were found to be utilized without a prescription by 74% of the respondents. “Disease regarded not serious for consultation” was found to be the most common reason for obtaining antibiotics without a prescription (35.1 % of the respondents) followed by “financial restrictions”: (30%) and “previous experience in the use of these antibiotics”: (25.0%). Conclusion: Given the significant prevalence of antibiotic self-medication, health authorities must take strong steps to enforce the rule prohibiting selling antibiotics without a prescription.
“It Drives Us to Do It”: Pregnant Adolescents Identify Drivers for Sexual Risk-Taking

Background: Sexual risk-taking behaviors have a negative effect on the heath and future of American adolescents. Aims and objectives: To gain insight into these behaviors and preventative efforts, this study explored the experiences and perceptions of 15 pregnant adolescents using a qualitative feminist approach and in-depth interviews. Methods: As participants discussed sex education, each identified influences on sexual decision-making that often overpowered the information received. Results: Content analysis and constant comparison of this data led to the overarching theme “Drivers for Sexual Risk-taking. ” Drivers were categorized as internal and external and each demonstrated a significant influence on adolescent sexual decision-making. Conclusion: Results of this study can inform the development of educational efforts, reform of social policy, and the focus of future research.
Perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase em um município brasileiro, no período de 2000 a 2006

INTRODUCTION: Leprosy is considered to be a major public health problem in developing countries. It is estimated that notifications are issued only in relation to 1/3 of the patients and that, among these patients, many undergo irregular treatment or drop out, thus increasing the impact of the disease. The objective this paper was to describe the epidemiological profile of the population with a diagnosis of leprosy in the municipality of Uberaba, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2000 and 2006. METHODS: This was a retrospective study using data from notifications of leprosy cases in the Notifiable Disease Information System of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. RESULTS: There were 455 recorded cases of leprosy, and 55.4% of these were among males. The most affected age group was 34 to 49 years (31.4%), while nine cases of leprosy (2%) were found in children under the age of 15 years. The commonest clinical form was the borderline type (69.1%) and the operational class was multibacillary (87%). These findings are a matter of concern, considering that the age group that is most economically active is potentially the principal group spreading the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The finding that 87% of the cases were multibacillary indicates that the diagnoses were late. It is therefore necessary to decentralize the leprosy care services and train more professionals to enable earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Nursing Activities Score (NAS) como instrumento para medir carga de trabalho de enfermagem em UTI adulto

Pesquisa de campo, prospectiva, cuantitativa, descriptivo-exploratoria desarrollado en una UCI (Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos) general/adultos en el municipio de Sao Paulo. Objetivos: evaluar el NAS como instrumento para medir carga de trabajo de enfermeras, su aplicacion en periodos y su correspondencia con el numero efectivo de enfermeros. 33 pacientes con edad media de 70,4 anos (+/-16,5) fueron clasificados; 66,7% del sexo masculino; media de permanencia en UCI, 17 dias (+/-20,4); SAPSII 41,7 (+/-17,9); riesgo de muerte (RM), 33,5% (+/-26,8). 63,6% recibieron alta para unidades de cuidados semi intensivos y 18,7% murieron. Se lograron 396 medidas de NAS en periodos (134-manana; 132-tarde; 130-noche), media: 55,4 (+/-12,3); y 147 medidas de 24 horas, media: 69,6 puntos (+/-18,2). NAS se mostro mas adecuado a aplicacion en 24 horas, tendiendo a reflexionar en el numero de enfermeros en efectivo y se revelo interesante instrumento de clasificacion de pacientes y en la carga de trabajo de enfermeras en UCI.
Seeking and Utilizing a Curandero in the United States

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to address two key questions: “Why do Hispanics seek a curandero? ” And “How do Hispanics utilize the curandero? ” Methods: The literature was reviewed using two databases—PubMed and CINAHL—during the period January 2000 to September 2012—and reference lists for potentially relevant studies. The search terms used were Hispanics/Latinos, curandero, CAM use, and traditional healers/medicine. Terms were searched in the keywords, title, and abstract. Findings: Of the 30 articles reviewed, 9 reflected the two key questions. Hispanics seek curanderos because they are affordable and are Spanish literate. Less common reasons include immigration status, culturally appropriate, spiritual healing, acculturation, and dissatisfaction with Western medicine. Hispanics utilize curanderos for a range of illnesses, including folk illnesses and treatments that may be unfamiliar to health care practitioners. Implications: Utilization of a curandero among the U.S. Hispanics was the focus of only four nursing articles on the practice of curanderos, but these did not address nursing implications. Knowledge of Hispanic folk illnesses and treatments is important in providing culturally appropriate holistic care. Furthermore, patient disclosure about the use of curanderos and folk remedies given may be critical to Western medical providers and the treatments they give.
Spirituality of relatives of patients hospitalized in intensive care unit Espiritualidade dos familiares de pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva Letícia

Corresponding author Letícia Preti Schleder Duarte da Costa street, 52 Vila Rafael de Oliveira, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil. Zip Code 13201-094 ticiapreti@hotmail.com 1 Faculdade de Medicina de Jundiaí, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil. 2 Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 3 Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Conflict of interest: no conflicts of interest to declare. Abstract Objective: To assess spiritual/religious coping (SRC) of relatives of patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of two hospitals. Methods: Quantitative descriptive study. Data were collected from 45 family members (80% female and 20% male, mean age 37.5 years) using a questionnaire for sample characterization and SRCOPE scale. Results: The value of total SRCOPE scale obtained was 3.4 showing that the family participants mean made use of SRC strategies. Regarding the value of the ratio negative SRC/positive SRC, the mean value was 0.7, demonstrating that the positive SRC strategies were used more often. Conclusion: Family members use positive SRC strategies more than negative during the hospitalization of a family member in the ICU, they all believe in God and most believe that spirituality has helped them to cope with the stress of hospitalization.
Molecular characterization of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus isolated from rose in Brazil

Inexiste caracterizacao molecular de isolados brasileiros de Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), exceto aqueles de pessegueiros. Neste trabalho, o agente causal do mosaico da roseira foi determinado e os genes das proteinas de movimento (MP) e capsidial (CP) de um isolado de PNRSV de roseira foram molecularmente caracterizados pela primeira vez no Brasil. As sequencias completas de nucleotideos e de aminoacidos deduzidos da MP e da CP foram alinhadas e comparadas com outros isolados. Analises das sequencias de nucleotideos da MP e da CP do isolado brasileiro de PNRSV de roseira e outros isolados da mesma hospedeira revelaram altas identidades de 96,7% e 98,6%, respectivamente, sendo o isolado Rose-Br classificado no grupo PV32.
Óbitos e internações por tuberculose não notificados no município do Rio de Janeiro

OBJETIVO: Analisar a subnotificacao de obitos e internacoes por tuberculose no Sistema de Informacao de Agravos de Notificacao (Sinan). METODOS: Foram selecionados os obitos do Sistema de Informacao sobre Mortalidade (SIM) com tuberculose como causa basica ou associada e as internacoes do Sistema de Informacoes Hospitalares do Sistema Unico de Saude (SIH/SUS) com causa principal ou secundaria tuberculose de residentes no municipio do Rio de Janeiro em 2004. Foi realizada associacao probabilistica das bases de dados do SIM e SIH-SUS com a do Sinan, referentes aos anos de 2002 a 2004. RESULTADOS: Dos 542 obitos por tuberculose no periodo, 234 (43,2%) nao foram registrados no Sinan nos dois anos anteriores. Das 1.079 internacoes, 238 (22,1%) nao foram notificadas. Foram relacionados as internacoes 71 obitos: 47 ocorreram durante a internacao por tuberculose, 24 apos a internacao. Sete nao foram notificados no Sinan. Os idosos tiveram 1,6 vez (IC95% 1,074;2,516) a chance de nao notificacao dos mais jovens, e pessoas com nivel superior ou mais escolaridade tiveram 3,6 vezes a chance (IC95% 1,384;11,022) daqueles com nenhum ano de estudo de nao serem notificadas. Os menores de 15 anos tiveram 4,8 vezes a chance (IC95% 2,757;8,452) de nao notificacao daqueles entre 15 e 59 anos. Algumas divisoes regionais de saude apresentaram percentual de obitos nao notificados acima de 50% e esse percentual variou entre 37,8% e 12,7% para internacoes. CONCLUSOES: Os dados sugerem problemas na deteccao de casos e apontam barreiras de acesso ao tratamento oportuno e adequado e falhas na qualidade do sistema de informacao, com diferencas entre as regioes do municipio.
Prácticas parentales y conductas de riesgo del peatón en una muestra de adolescentes chilenos

BACKGROUND: Traffic accidents are the second leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults in Chile. However, few studies have examined this behavior among this age group. Parental practices have a great influence on risk behaviors in adolescents, such as substance use, sexuality and violence, among others. Specifically, we propose that these practices will influence pedestrian risk behaviors among adolescents. AIM: To study the role of parental practices such as mother and father support, and behavioral control (monitoring and presence of rules) in pedestrian risk behaviors of teenagers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 470 adolescents attending schools in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile were studied. They answered a self-administered questionnaire in which they were asked about parental practices and pedestrian risk behaviors. Analyses were performed using descriptive and inferential statistics, using multiple regression. RESULTS: Paternal support and the presence of rules were protective factors for pedestrian risky behaviors. However, maternal support or monitoring did not influence these behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Parental practices influence pedestrian behaviors of teenagers. The study provides further evidence for the importance of these practices in the development of behavioral self-regulation. Language: es