Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of multitemporal airborne lidar surveys to analyse post-failure behaviour of earth slides

Two helicopter-borne light detection and ranging (lidar) surveys were conducted in August 2004 and May 2005 on a 2 km2 earth flow that was totally reactivated in late winter 2004. Shaded-view maps and differential analysis of terrain models from the two surveys allowed residual movements, as well as rupture and accumulation features over the slope, to be assessed and mapped for the period between 2004 and 2005. In particular, this analysis has shown that residual movements involved about 20% of the whole landslide area. Retrogression of the crown zones, with a depletion estimated in the order of 20 m, was coupled with a more than 10 m advancement of the deep translational slide affecting earth and rock materials in the source area. This has resulted in an apparent uplift of more than 15 m. Down slope, the upper accumulation lobe sector was lowered by about 10 m because of depletion and the progressive decrease in water content. This analysis proved the usefulness of lidar surveys for analysing post-failure behaviour of this type of mass movement.
What Are People Tweeting about Zika? An Exploratory Study Concerning Symptoms, Treatment, Transmission, and Prevention

The purpose of this study was to do a dataset distribution analysis, a classification performance analysis, and a topical analysis concerning what people are tweeting about four disease characteristics: symptoms, transmission, prevention, and treatment. A combination of natural language processing and machine learning techniques were used to determine what people are tweeting about Zika. Specifically, a two-stage classifier system was built to find relevant tweets on Zika, and then categorize these into the four disease categories. Tweets in each disease category were then examined using latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) to determine the five main tweet topics for each disease characteristic. Results 1,234,605 tweets were collected. Tweets by males and females were similar (28% and 23% respectively). The classifier performed well on the training and test data for relevancy (F=0.87 and 0.99 respectively) and disease characteristics (F=0.79 and 0.90 respectively). Five topics for each category were found and discussed with a focus on the symptoms category. Through this process, we demonstrate how misinformation can be discovered so that public health officials can respond to the tweets with misinformation.
Functional decline in elderly patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes: Impact on midterm outcome Impact pronostique à moyen terme de la perte d'autonomie chez les sujets âgés hospitalisés pour un syndrome coronaire aigu

Summary Background. — Elderly patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are less likely to be enrolled into randomized, controlled trials or receive guideline-recommended therapies, because of a higher burden of comorbidity, including functional decline. Aim. — To assess the prognostic value of functional decline in a prospective, observational cohort of elderly ACS patients. Methods. — ACS patients aged ≥ 70 years were enrolled. The ACS definition included STand non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and unstable angina pectoris. Clinical admission and laboratory data and echocardiographic variables were recorded. Functional
Potential accuracy of image orientation of small satellites: a case study of CHRIS/Proba data

The new technology of small satellites (microsatellites) opens a new era in satellite observation of the earth. Small satellites such as ESA’s Project for On‐Board Autonomy (Proba), launched on 22nd October 2001, are of interest due to their low cost, flexibility of positioning, and capability for multiangular scanning in both across‐track and along‐track directions. Proba’s Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS) provides multidirectional, as well as hyperspectral, data at 18 m resolution and is supplied mainly to the scientific community for experimental environmental applications. This research evaluates the use of various empirical mathematical models for small satellite orientation and terrain modelling using the multidirectional viewing capabilities of CHRIS data. Geometric correction and co‐registration of multiangle images is essential for their use for data extraction. Ideally, rigorous mathematical models should be formulated which precisely describe the satellite motion and represent the relationship between the image and the object spaces. The use of rigorous mathematical models has not been fully investigated using CHRIS/Proba data, because the satellite information provided is not adequate for rigorous sensor modelling. In this paper, several alternative empirical models are tested for the orientation and 3D geopositioning of CHRIS sensor images. The images used in this study cover extremely mountainous terrain in central Hong Kong. A set of five images from CHRIS/Proba taken in December 2005 from different angles are used to test the applicability of different forms of the empirical models for 3D geopositioning. The accuracy of the models is tested for different numbers and distribution of ground control points (GCPs) using different combinations of observation angles and base‐to‐height ratios. The results obtained show high integrity of the models used for CHRIS/Proba image orientation. In some cases, accuracy better than 2 pixels can be achieved using a modest number of GCPs.
Working memory recruits long-term memory when it is beneficial: Evidence from the Hebb effect.

When encoding task-relevant information in working memory (WM), we can use prior knowledge to facilitate task performance. For instance, when memorizing a phone number, we can benefit from recognizing some parts as known chunks (e.g., 911) and focus on memorizing the novel parts. Prior knowledge from long-term memory (LTM), however, can also proactively interfere with WM contents. Here, we show that WM selectively recruits information from LTM only when it is helpful, not when it would interfere. We used variants of the Hebb paradigm in which WM is tested through immediate serial recall of lists. Some lists were repeated frequently across trials, so they were acquired in LTM, as reflected in increasing serial-recall performance across repetitions. We compared interference conditions in which that LTM knowledge could interfere with holding another list in WM to a neutral condition in which that knowledge could be neither beneficial nor harmful. In Experiments 1-3, lists in the interference conditions shared their items with the learned lists but not their order. We observed no proactive interference. In Experiments 4 and 5, the interference lists' first three items overlapped exactly with the learned lists, and only the remaining items had a new order. This made LTM knowledge partially beneficial and partially harmful. Participants could use LTM flexibly to improve performance for the first part of the list without experiencing interference on the second half. LTM-mediated learning of the first part even boosted memory for the unknown second part. We conclude that there is a flexible gate controlling the flow of information from LTM and WM so that LTM knowledge is recruited only when helpful. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Improving and Restoring the Well-being and Resilience of Pharmacy Students during a Pandemic

During times of stress, such as those experienced during the novel coronavirus identified in 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, pharmacy students handle the experience differently. For some, the experience may negatively impact their sense of well-being; for others, being at home with family could actually improve their well-being. While students are completing academic work at home and after they finally return to campus, pharmacy schools need to be keenly aware of students’ experiences and implement strategies to build their resilience and improve their well-being. One approach will not meet the needs of all students. Many of the challenges that pharmacy students have faced or will face when they return to the classroom are discussed along with some programs and activities that have proven successful.
Real-Time Pore Pressure and Fracture Gradient Evaluation in All Sedimentary Lithologies

Pore pressure and fracture gradient are the two natural limits that exert the greatest influence on drilling costs and safety. Traditional empirical pore pressure models are limited to one lithology type (shale) and rely on incorporating petrophysical or drilling data vs. depth trend lines. The authors describe a new method that quantifies the effective-stress law, p = S {minus} {sigma}{sub v}. This method uses petrophysical data (gamma ray, resistivity, density) and mineralogic stress/strain relationships to calculate pore pressure and fracture gradient, on a foot-by-foot basis, through all sedimentary rock types. This method has recently been used successfully on two Central graben wells. BP drilled a high pressure/high temperature (HPHT) well in the second quarter of 1993 and used on-site pore pressure and fracture gradient (PP/FG) calculations, along with other more traditional pore-pressure methods, to help set an intermediate casing string at an optimum depth. They discuss results of these case studies and technical content of this pore-pressure method.
Psychological affordances help explain where a self-transcendent purpose intervention improves performance.

Lay theory interventions instill situation-general ways of thinking, often using short reading and writing exercises, and they have led to lasting changes in behavior and performance in a wide variety of policy domains. Do they work in all contexts? We suggest that lay theory intervention effects depend on psychological affordances, which are defined as cues that allow individuals to view a lay theory as legitimate and adaptive in that context. The present research directly and experimentally tested this hypothesis using the example of a "purpose for learning" lay theory intervention, which taught the lay theory that school is a place to develop skills that allow one to make progress toward self-transcendent aims. A double-blind 2 (student purpose intervention) × 2 (purpose-affording note) field experiment was conducted in a relatively low-performing public middle school in the United States. Students first received a web-based purpose for learning lay theory intervention (or a control activity), and 2 weeks later attended a class in which an assignment was accompanied by a purpose-affording note that was hand-written by a teacher (or a control note). Results showed that the purpose lay theory intervention increased performance on an English class writing assignment, but only when it was accompanied by a purpose-affording note. Exploratory analyses revealed that the effects of the manipulations were apparent among students who were at greater risk for poor performance in the class: nonnative English-speaking students. Thus short, online lay theory interventions may reduce performance gaps, provided that the contexts afford the opportunity for the proffered lay theory to seem legitimate and adaptive. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
β-amyloid redirects norepinephrine signaling to activate the pathogenic GSK3β/tau cascade

Noradrenergic signaling sensitizes pathological GSK3β/tau activation to nanomolar Aβ. The noradrenergic link Norepinephrine (NE) and the noradrenergic system play a main role in cognition and noradrenergic changes have been documented in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the role of NE in AD has not been completely elucidated. Here, Zhang et al. show that β-amyloid oligomers are allosteric ligands of the α2A adrenergic receptor (α2AAR) and modulate NE signaling, redirecting the pathway toward GSK3β activation and subsequent tau hyperphosphorylation. Blocking α2AAR reduced tau phosphorylation and ameliorated pathological and cognitive abnormalities in AD mouse models. The brain noradrenergic system is critical for normal cognition and is affected at early stages in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we reveal a previously unappreciated direct role of norepinephrine signaling in connecting β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, two key pathological components of AD pathogenesis. Our results show that Aβ oligomers bind to an allosteric site on α2A adrenergic receptor (α2AAR) to redirect norepinephrine-elicited signaling to glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activation and tau hyperphosphorylation. This norepinephrine-dependent mechanism sensitizes pathological GSK3β/tau activation in response to nanomolar accumulations of extracellular Aβ, which is 50- to 100-fold lower than the amount required to activate GSK3β by Aβ alone. The significance of our findings is supported by in vivo evidence in two mouse models, human tissue sample analysis, and longitudinal clinical data. Our study provides translational insights into mechanisms underlying Aβ proteotoxicity, which might have strong implications for the interpretation of Aβ clearance trial results and future drug design and for understanding the selective vulnerability of noradrenergic neurons in AD.
A Case of Recurrent Priapism in the Context of Quetiapine Use, Discontinuation, and Rechallenge

To the Editors: P riapism has been described in case reports as an extremely rare, idiosyncratic adverse event resulting from treatment with both firstand secondgeneration antipsychotic medications. Peripheral >-1 adrenergic blockade has been hypothesized as the causal mechanism. This mechanism is consistent with how priapism is classically associated with trazodone, an antidepressant medication that also has >-1 antagonistic properties. Prior case reports of priapism associated with quetiapine use have involved total daily doses of 600 mg or greater; 1 case involved a single overdose of 675 mg (and in a seventh case, the dose of quetiapine was not reported). No case reports have cited lower doses of quetiapine as the putative causal agent. We report here a case of priapism associated with quetiapine use, with a treatment course complicated by concomitant methamphetamine, cocaine, and marijuana abuse.
The coral assemblages of an off-shore deep Mediterranean rocky bank (NW Sicily, Italy)

In this study we characterized the deep assemblages dwelling at 200–250 m depth on a large shoal off Capo St. Vito Promontory (Northwestern coast of Sicily, South Tyrrhenian Sea) by means of ROV-imaging. Two assemblages of suspension feeders, dominated by the gorgonian Callogorgia verticillata and by the black coral Leiopathes glaberrima, together with a tanatocoenosis of the colonial yellow scleractinian coral Dendrophyllia cornigera, were examined. The three main species were significatively distributed into two areas corresponding to different habitat preferences: a more elevated hardground hosting black corals and a gently sloping, silted rocky bottom hosting the other coral species. The study area is subjected to a heavy pressure from the professional fishery, resulting in the mechanical damage of numerous colonies, some of which are then overgrown by various epibionts including a parasitic bioluminescent zoanthid, new for the Mediterranean fauna, and tentatively identified as Isozoanthus primoidus. In the Mediterranean Sea, these deep off-shore rocky banks are widely known among recreational and professional fishermen due to their rich fish fauna. However, there has been still little effort into quantifying and characterizing the extent of the impact and its consequences on the benthic communities, which may represent, as in this case, only a partial picture of their original structure and extent.
On the field‐aligned currents in the vicinity of prenoon auroral arcs

The EISCAT Svalbard radar (at 75° MLAT) was used to investigate the ionospheric plasma flows along auroral arcs in the 7–11 MLT sector with the radar beam directed along the L‐shell. In nine cases auroral arcs appeared in the immediate vicinity of the radar beam allowing for observations of plasma flow simultaneously at different distances across the arc. In eight cases the arcs were associated with a plasma flow shear indicating sheets of upward field‐aligned current (FAC) over the arcs. However, in one case the data indicate a downward net current in the region of the arc, with a flow shear and, especially, a downward FAC sheet adjoining the arc on the equatorial side. We suggest that in the downward FAC sheet, the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability can generate a series of auroral spots forming an arc, if the current sheet is co‐located with a plasma boundary inside the magnetosphere.
P-T conditions during emplacement, and D2 regional metamorphism, of the Ben Vuirich Granite, Perthshire, Scotland

Abstract The 590±2 Ma Ben Vuirich Granite was intruded into late Proterozoic Dalradian rocks prior to the Grampian orogeny, during which it was affected by upper amphibolite facies regional metamorphism. Spotted cordierite and andalusite (chiastolite) hornfelses at the granite margin were altered to kyaniteand garnet-bearing assemblages during regional metamorphism. From the inferred mineralogy of the hornfels, together with the normative Qz−Ab−Or values of the granite and the application of a simple cooling model, we conclude that the country rocks immediately adjacent to the granite were hornfelsed at T = ~600°C and P 4 ≤2 kbar. The hornfelsed rocks were subsequently metamorphosed during the regional D2 event to form an equilibrium mineral assemblage of muscovite + biotite + garnet + plagioclase + quartz + kyanite (after chiastolite). Garnet which grew during this event shows unusual reversed chemical zoning, with Ca increasing systematically from core to rim as Fe, Mg and Mn decrease. A study of element partitioning between coexisting phases in equilibrium (including zoned garnets), and use of an internally consistent thermodynamic dataset, suggest that isothermal (T = 577±42°C) compression (from P = 6.2±1.6 kbar to 9.0±1.9 kbar) occurred during crustal thickening. K-feldspar-plagioclase-quartz veinlets found in the hornfels close the granite contact are demonstrated to be of igneous origin.
Caracterización taxonómica de la población del pez león Pterois volitans (Linnaeus 1758) (Scorpaenidae) residente en el Caribe colombiano: merística y morfometría

Invasive species are the second main cause of extinction after habitat loss. Lionfish, Pterois volitans (Linnaeus 1758), was seen by the first time in southern Florida in 1985. Since 2000 it has dispersed and established in the eastern coast of the United States and in Bermuda and Bahamas; since 2007 it has expanded through the Caribbean, appearing in oceanic Colombia in 2008 and in continental Colombia in 2009. In order to characterize the lionfish population inhabiting the Colombian Caribbean a literature revision was made as well as collects. Merisitc and morphometric data were taken in the laboratory from a sample of 63 specimens, 36.3-183.0 mm standard length (SL) (from a total of 280 collected individuals). The counts found were: dorsal fin XIII,11 (rarely XIII,12); anal fin III,7 (rarely III,8); pectoral fin 14 (rarely 13). The main measurements (in percentages of SL) found were head length 29,7 - 40,7% and eye diameter 5,6 - 9,1%.
Effects of frictional ion heating and soft‐electron precipitation on high‐latitude F‐region upflows

Observed ionospheric F-region upflows associated with convection-driven frictional ion heating and soft electron precipitation at high latitudes are modeled with a dynamic ionospheric fluid code. Precipitating soft (≤ 1 keV) auroral electrons are effective in rapidly enhancing the F-region ionization and electron temperature, which leads to a strong upward plasma expansion. It is shown, for example, that an electron flux of 1 erg cm−2s−1 with a characteristic energy of 150 eV can produce a 109cm−2s−1 O+ outflow at altitudes of 700–800 km. The more widely-recognized convection ion heating is indicated to be significant but somewhat smaller effects on the upflows. We have performed comparisons with published HILAT and DE-2 observations. Using a latitudinal distribution of ionospheric flux tubes with “inputs” of the observed average precipitating electron energies, energy fluxes and convection drift velocities, we find satisfactory agreement with latitudinal profiles of ion upflow velocities, densities, fluxes, and ion and electron temperatures. Therefore, we suggest that the combined effects of soft electron precipitation and frictional ion heating may be identified as the principal drivers of these upflows.
Short-term Variations in Strain and Surface Tilt on Storglaciären, Kebnekaise, Northern Sweden

Abstract Tiltmeters that can detect changes in slope of a glacier surface as small as 0.1 μ rad have been used on Storglaciären. The records obtained to date have been from the upper part of the ablation area, where the bed of the glacier is overdeepened. A total of 82 d of records has been obtained for various time periods between early June and early September. There is generally a gradual change in inclination of the glacier surface over periods of several days, but these changes do not appear to be systematic. In particular, they are not consistent with vertical movements of stakes located 2–3 ice thicknesses away from the tiltmeters. This suggests that the tiltmeters are sensing disturbances over areas with diameters comparable to the local ice thickness. Superimposed on these trends are diurnal signals suggesting rises and falls of the surface just up-glacier from the riegel that bounds the overdeepening on its down-glacier end. These may be due to waves of high water pressure originating in a crevassed area near the equilibrium line. If this interpretation is correct, the waves apparently move down-glacier at speeds of 20–60 m h−1 and become sufficiently focused, either by the bed topography or by conduit constrictions, to result in local uplift of the surface. Also observed are abrupt tilts towards the glacier center line shortly after the beginning of heavy rainstorms. These appear to be due to longitudinal stretching as the part of the glacier below the riegel accelerates faster than that above. Water entering the glacier by way of a series of crevasses over the riegel is believed to be responsible for this differential acceleration. In June 1987, a dramatic event was registered, probably reflecting the initial summer acceleration of the glacier.
Sources, transformation, and health implications of PAHs and their nitrated, hydroxylated, and oxygenated derivatives in PM2.5 in Beijing

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a significant health issue in Chinese megacities. However, little information is available regarding the PM2.5‐bound toxic organics, especially their sources, atmospheric transformations, and health implications. In this study, we assessed the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated, hydroxylated, and oxygenated derivatives (i.e., NPAHs, OHPAHs, and OPAHs, respectively) in PM2.5 collected in Beijing over a 1 year period. The median concentration of 23 PAHs, 15 NPAHs, 16 OHPAHs, and 7 OPAHs in PM2.5 was 53.8, 1.14, 1.40, and 3.62 ng m−3, respectively. Much higher concentrations and mass percentages for all species were observed in the heating season, indicating a higher toxicity of PM2.5 during this period of time. Positive matrix factorization was applied to apportion the sources of PAHs and their derivatives. It was found that traffic emissions in the nonheating season, and coal combustion and biomass burning in the heating season, were the major primary sources of PAHs and their derivatives. Secondary formation, however, contributed significantly to the derivatives of PAHs (especially NPAHs and OPAHs) in the nonheating season, suggesting significant impacts of atmospheric transformation on the toxicity of PM2.5.