Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of Probiotic Viability in Yoghurts Produced with Acid Adapted Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 11863 During Refrigerated Storage

Microorganisms have various stress response systems to maintain their viability when exposed to different stress conditions. In this study, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 11863 strains, used in probiotic yoghurt production, were subjected to acid (lactic and hydrochloric acid) stress to induce acid tolerance response (ATR). Yoghurts produced with both acid-adapted and non-adapted strains were stored at +4°C for 21 days. During the storage period, the pH and titratable acidity values of the yoghurts were measured, and the viability levels of the probiotic strains in the yoghurts were determined. In all yoghurt groups, a decrease in pH values and an increase in titratable acidity were observed during storage. The highest viability levels of the probiotic strains were detected on the first day of storage. Lactic acid-adapted Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 and B. bifidum ATCC 11863 in yoghurt showed growth at a level of 8.08 ± 0.12 and 8.08 ± 0.09 log10 Cfu/g at the first day of storage, respectively. Additionally, hydrochloric acid-adapted Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 and B. bifidum ATCC 11863 in yoghurt exhibited growth at levels of 7.90 ± 0.08 and 5.99 ± 0.03 log10 Cfu/g, respectively. The viability of acid-adapted Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 and B. bifidum ATCC 11863 showed a decrease similar way to that of the control group (non-acid adapted) during the storage period.
PERCEPTION OF SOCIAL CONTROL OF MARIJUANA AMONG ZAGREB STUDENTS – FINDINGS ON GENDER DIMENSION

The article presents the results regarding differences between attitudes of male and female students towards, as well as patterns of marijuana use among undergraduate and graduate students in Zagreb. Attitudes towards marijuana were examined within the framework of re-evaluating the analytical utility of Becker’s mechanisms of social control – availability, secrecy, and morality. Through a survey conducted among Zagreb students, it was revealed that the differences in usage patterns between male and female students are negligible and align with findings from other studies indicating that the disappearance of gender differences is most pronounced among young adults. On the other hand, the perception of Becker’s mechanisms of availability and morality between male and female students is expressed in terms of statistical significance, but with a limited impact – female students consider marijuana somewhat more available, but they are also slightly more committed to official, morality-based definitions of marijuana harm. Regarding the mechanism of secrecy, differences between male and female students were not identified, and students continue to perceive concealing marijuana use and its effects as important. As confirmed in other research, Becker’s mechanism of availability proves to be poorly functional in the context of social control of marijuana, while the mechanism of secrecy remains analytically useful in conditions of marijuana illegality, regardless of its decriminalization in Croatia. The somewhat stronger expression of the morality mechanism in female students leaves room for exploring gender-biased aspects of social control.
MECHANICS OF CORROSION OF CONCRETE SEWERS BY HYDROGEN SULFIDE

Although papers have been published from time to time dealing with various particular aspects of the problem of corrosion of concrete sewers by hydro gen sulfide, no comprehensive and up to-date review of the subject as a whole is available. This review and assessment of pres ent knowledge of the whole problem is presented, therefore, primarily as a basis for a discussion on the necessity for further investigation. It also serves as a background for discussion concern ing the fundamental reasons for the effectiveness of various remedial meas ures.
Drought-Induced Changes in Leaf Morphology
and Anatomy: Overview, Implications
and Perspectives

The global climate change scenario intensified various environmental factors, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Drought is one of the most severe environmental stresses affecting plant productivity. Plants in the Mediterranean climate zone are exposed to heat and drought in summer, and these conditions have a significant effect on plant growth and development. However, in this case, the entry of CO 2 into mesophyll cells is prevented and therefore the rate of photosynthesis decreases which ultimately causes a reduction in plant growth. In order to acclimate to stressful environmental conditions, plants exhibit several structural modifications to cope with these harmful conditions. This review highlights some aspects of anatomical adaptive changes in plants under drought stresssuch as a reduction in leaf size and angle, stomatal position, epidermal thickness and deposition of the cuticle to prevent the loss of water from the leaf surface. Furthermore, it elaborates the role of buliform cells in leaf rolling, structural adaptation in the mesophyll cells, and the presence of trichomes. Mesophyll cells and bulliform cells provide easier rolling of leaves in case of intense drought. In arid conditions, the economical use of water by plants is possible by closing the stomata and reducing transpiration.
DeepBlue: Advanced convolutional neural network applications for ocean remote sensing

In the last 40 years, remote sensing technology has evolved, significantly advancing ocean observation and catapulting its data into the big data era. How to efficiently and accurately process and analyze ocean big data and solve practical problems based on ocean big data constitute a great challenge. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has developed rapidly in recent years. Numerous deep learning (DL) models have emerged, becoming prevalent in big data analysis and practical problem solving. Among these, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) stand as a representative class of DL models and have established themselves as one of the premier solutions in various research areas, including computer vision and remote sensing applications. In this study, we first discuss the model architectures of CNNs and some of their variants as well as how they can be applied to the processing and analysis of ocean remote sensing data. Then, we demonstrate that CNNs can fulfill most of the requirements for ocean remote sensing applications across the following six categories: reconstruction of the 3D ocean field, information extraction, image superresolution, ocean phenomena forecast, transfer learning method, and CNN model interpretability method. Finally, we discuss the technical challenges facing the application of CNN-based ocean remote sensing big data and summarize future research directions.
Cashless policy, users’ perception and retail marketing performance

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the cashless system on user’s perception and retail marketing performance in Nigeria retail sector. The study used survey instrument (questionnaire) and randomly selected 550 samples as to generate data on the impact of cashless systems on user’ perception and retail marketing performance in Nigeria. The questionnaire instrument was designed for two categories of respondents (customers and managers) of the selected retail outlets in Nigeria. The study found that the two measures of cashless system have positive influence on the measures of retail marketing performance; while consumers perceive that the new system will be disadvantageous to them in the short run but beneficial in the long run. The study concluded that the cashless system is in line with international banking best practices as it will reduce the high cost of business operations for retail businesses in terms of learned employees, provision of security and will boost retail investments opportunities in Nigeria. The study recommended for the Central Bank of Nigeria to collaborate with the money deposit banks’ as well as telecommunications firms to provide quality services as to militate against the negatives of customers’ purchase experiences in using E-platforms as conceptualized in the researchers’ proposed E-payment systems implementation models.
Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Adalimumab and Vedolizumab in Treating Moderate to Severe Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Background Numerous patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) do not respond to conventional or biological therapy. Adalimumab (ADA) and vedolizumab (VDZ), according to certain research, may be a useful alternative treatment for these people. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of using ADA and VDZ to treat moderate to severe IBD: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods We searched PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Clinicaltrials.gov, and WHO trials registry (ICTRP). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ADA or VDZ with placebo in participants with active CD or UC were included. The primary outcomes were the clinical response and remission at induction and maintenance phases and mucosal healing. The secondary outcome was the incidence of profound negative events. The research used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3 (Biostat Inc., USA). Results Eighteen RCTs were incorporated, in which 11 studies described the usefulness and safeness of ADA or VDZ in CD patients, and seven studies investigated the efficacy and safety of ADA or VDZ in UC patients. The meta-analysis revealed that both ADA and VDZ treatments were superior to placebo for producing clinical remission and eliciting clinical response at induction and maintenance phases in individuals with moderately to severely active CD or UC. Interestingly, we found that ADA was superior to VDZ as first-line treatment for patients with CD, but not UC. Conclusion ADA and VDZ are effective and safe in CD and UC patients. However, RCTs of a larger number of patients are still required for better assessing the safety profile of ADA and VDZ.
Does Status Matter?: A Skeletal Analysis of Hawikku

GOMEZ, EMILY JANELLE. Does Status Matter? : A Skeletal Analysis of Hawikku. (Under the direction of D. Troy Case.) Hawikku was a preand proto-historic Puebloan settlement associated with the Native American Zuni culture, located in the Zuni Mountains near the Arizona-New Mexico border. Archaeological excavations by the Hendricks-Hodge Expedition began in 1917 and continued until 1923. Distinct burial areas are thought to represent related groups of individuals, including males and females who held leader or authoritative positions during life. Historically, the first encounter between Spanish explorers and Puebloan peoples took place at Hawikku and it has been proposed that this settlement was the location of an attack by Francisco Coronado, the legendary explorer. Data from previous health studies on the Hawikku skeletal population show health was generally poor and neither sex nor social status insulated a person from poor health. A study of pathological lesions was undertaken to determine whether social status had an effect on osteoarthritis development. After a comprehensive analysis for osteoarthritis prevalence, there was not evidence to suggest that high status individuals had significantly different levels of osteoarthritis relative to the low status individuals. The mortuary behavior practiced at Hawikku implies that leaders probably participated in similar daily activities relative to the general population, but performed special religious rites or rituals at particular times of the year. This study contributes valuable information to our knowledge of the relationship between social organization and arthritis prevalence in the past. © Copyright 2009 by Emily Janelle Gomez
Late Holocene mangrove dynamics dominated by autogenic processes

Generally, palaeoenvironmental interpretations consider only allogenic processes, when autogenic factors may have a strong influence on proxies of stratigraphic sequences. For instance, the Holocene history of the vegetation along the southern littoral of the State of Bahia in north‐eastern Brazil is characterized by mangrove dynamics controlled by allogenic processes. However, over smaller timescales (~700 years), autogenic processes may have controlled vegetation dynamics and hence observed pollen distribution. This work proposes tidal channel dynamics as one of the main cause for changes in pollen assemblage along the studied stratigraphic profiles during the last centuries, based on sedimentology, pollen and elemental analysis (δ13C, δ15N and C/N) and radiocarbon dating of sedimentary organic matter from two cores sampled from an abandoned meander and a tidal flat at the mouth of the Jucuruçu River. One core was sampled from a mangrove formed during the past ~550 cal yr bp. Another core recorded sediments in a várzea forest (swamp seasonally and permanently inundated by freshwater) located ~2.7 km from the current shoreline, which displayed a maximum age of ~680 cal yr bp. Two facies associations were identified: tidal channel (A) and tidal flat/oxbow lake (B). This work proposes allogenic processes as the main driving forces controlling the wetlands dynamics at the studied site during the Holocene. However, our data also reveal that part of the changes in vegetation over the last ~700 years reflect tidal channels and tidal flats development, which represent autogenic processes. The change in timescale analysis from the Holocene to recent centuries may have weakened the influence of allogenic factors. However, this needs interpretation with reference to the spatial scale of the depositional environment as the larger the depositional system analyzed, the stronger the influence of autogenic processes on stratigraphic sequences over longer timescales. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid Warming in Global Sea Surface Temperature since around 2013

Since around 2013, the globally averaged sea surface temperature has rapidly warmed up and reached its highest on record. During this time, there was an intensifying El Niño event that caused positive temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Compared with the conditions observed in 1997/98, when the previous highest record was marked associated with strong El Niño event, there were notable differences detected in the recent conditions. In the tropical Pacific, remarkable warming near sea surface associated with strong El Niño event in 2015/16 started from significantly warmed conditions along with positive temperature anomaly redistributed from the western part since early 2014, resulting in positive anomalies in the central to eastern part remaining for more than two years, much longer than 1997/98 event. In addition, substantial warming was observed in the North Pacific around 2013 and contribution of the North Pacific region to the global averaged SST anomaly marked significantly large value and was comparable to that of the tropical Pacific. (Citation: Urabe, Y., T. Yasuda, and S. Maeda, 2017: Rapid warming in global sea surface temperature since around 2013. SOLA, 13, 25−30, doi:10.2151/sola.2017-005.)
Analysis of the ivory remains from the Etruscan tumulus of Carmignano (Central Italy) using 3D digital microscopy

The Tumulus of Montefortini is an Etruscan tomb located in Carmignano (Central Italy), which is believed to date from the 7th century BC. The tumulus is an oval burial mound 80 metres long and 11 metres high, which houses two tombs. More than 10,000 ivory fragments, that were likely part of a rich grave good, were recovered from this site. The main raw material exploited was probably the proboscidean dentine given the presence of the "Schreger lines" on the surfaces of many specimens. In this work we analyzed a sample of this archaeological assemblage using a 3D digital microscope. This noninvasive procedure allowed to investigate the main micromorphological and micromorphometrical features of the proboscidean dentine in a relatively brief time, preserving the integrity of the archaeological finds. Unexpected results regarding to the Schreger structure were obtained from this analysis. Data collected in the present work will be useful to evaluate, through further analysis of the examined sample, the accuracy and reliability of the 3D digital microscopy in the characterization of the proboscidean taxa exploited in the past.
Sensitivity of extreme climate events to CO2‐induced biophysical atmosphere‐vegetation feedbacks in the western United States

We have tested the sensitivity of extreme temperature and precipitation events to CO2‐induced atmosphere‐vegetation feedbacks (AVFs) in the western United States using an equilibrium vegetation model coupled to a regional climate model. Biophysical AVFs resulted in positive anomalies in the frequency and magnitude of extreme temperature events over much of the western United States, with the notable exception of key high elevation areas, where there were strong negative anomalies. Anomalies in extreme temperature events were largely associated with changes in surface albedo, LAI, upper layer water extracted and root zone depth. Negative anomalies in extreme precipitation along the Pacific coast were associated with reductions in low‐level specific humidity, zonal wind speeds and eddy kinetic energy. These results suggest that AVFs could strongly influence the response of extreme climate regimes to anthropogenic greenhouse forcing, with the sign of that influence varying on horizontal scales of 101 to 102 km.
Biological Activities of Molecules Derived from Olea europaea L. Tested In Vitro

Background: Extra virgin olive oil is a typical food of the Mediterranean area, obtained by pressing Olea europaea L. fruits. Its polyphenols have been studied for their antioxidant function and protective action against cancer and chronic kidney disease. In this in vitro study, we tested titrated extracts from Olea europaea L. on a human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293E) cell line, regarding their pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative capacities, using “ IncuCyte® S3 Live-Cell Analysis System”. Materials and Methods: We selected Olea europaea L. active compounds like hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleuropein (OLE). These extracts were tested at different concentrations and characterized by HPLC-DAD-MS for the content in secondary active metabolites. The real-time observation of cell behavior was performed by IncuCyte, which can quantitatively analyze the cell proliferation and death. Results: This study showed that all the tested extracts can significantly inhibit cellular growth at 50 µM but the reduced proliferation is not related to an increase in cellular apoptosis. Instead, the same analysis performed by using extracts at 100 µM reveals that they can inhibit cellular growth, further inducing cellular apoptosis. Conclusions: The results on the HEK-293E cells confirmed the antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions of active compounds from an Olea europaea L. matrix in this cell line.
Organic carbon and barium in Eocene sediments; possible controls on nutrient recycling in the Eocene Equatorial Pacific Ocean

We present the first high-resolution organic carbon mass accumulation rate (MAR) data set for the Eocene equatorial Pacific upwelling region, from Sites 1218 and 1219 of the Ocean Drilling Program. A maximum Corg MAR anomaly appears at 41 Ma and corresponds to a high carbonate accumulation event (CAE). Independent evidence suggests that this event (CAE-3) was a time of rapid cooling. Throughout the Eocene, organic carbon burial fluxes were an order of magnitude lower than fluxes recorded for the Holocene. In contrast, the expected organic carbon flux, calculated from the biogenic barium concentrations for these sites, is roughly equal to modern. A sedimentation anomaly appears at 41 Ma, when both the measured and the expected organic carbon MAR increases by a factor of two–three relative to the background Eocene fluxes. The rain of estimated Corg and barium from the euphotic zone to the sediments increased by factors of three and six, respectively. We suggest that the discrepancy between the expected and measured Corg in the sediments is a direct consequence of the increased metabolic rates of all organisms throughout the Eocene oceans and sediments. This hypothesis is supported by recent work in ecology and biochemical kinetics that recognizes the fundamental basis of ecology as following from the laws of thermodynamics. This dependence is now elucidated as the Universal Temperature Dependence (UTD) “law” of 1Olivarez Lyle, A. , and Lyle, M. , 2005. Organic carbon and barium in Eocene sediments: possible controls on nutrient recycling in the Eocene equatorial Pacific Ocean. In Wilson, P.A. , Lyle, M. , and Firth, J.V. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 199, 1–33 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web: . [Cited YYYYMM-DD] 2Center for Geophysical Investigations of the Shallow Subsurface, Boise State University, Boise ID 83725, USA. Correspondence author: aml@cgiss.boisestate. edu Initial receipt: 18 May 2004 Acceptance: 18 November 2004 Web publication: 9 May 2005 Ms 199SR-222 A. OLIVAREZ LYLE AND M. LYLE ORGANIC CARBON AND BARIUM IN EOCENE SEDIMENTS 2 metabolism and can be applied to all organisms over their biologically relevant temperature range. The general pattern of organic carbon and barium deposition throughout the Eocene is consistent with the UTD theory. In particular, the anomaly at 41 Ma (CAE-3) is associated with rapid cooling, an event that triggered slower metabolic rates for all organisms, slower recycling of organic carbon in the water and sediment column, and, consequently, higher deposition of organic carbon in the sediments. This “metabolism-based” scenario is consistent with the sedimentation patterns we observe for both Sites 1218 and 1219.
Key aspects of cost effective collector and solar field design

A study has been performed where different key parameters influencing solar field cost are varied. By using levelised cost of energy as figure of merit it is shown that parameters like GoToStow wind speed, heliostat stiffness or tower height should be adapted to respective site conditions from an economical point of view. The benchmark site Redstone (Northern Cape Province, South Africa) has been compared to an alternate site close to Phoenix (AZ, USA) regarding site conditions and their effect on cost-effective collector and solar field design.
The Impact of Creative Digital Marketing on the Sustainability of MSME Businesses: A Mediating Role of Marketing Performance

Creativity in digital marketing is essential in today's digital economy, where businesses need to adapt to the rapid changes brought by digital innovation. The declining trend in the contribution of MSMEs is worrying for the economy and the business world. MSMEs need to maximize digital marketing creativity for business continuity through the role of marketing performance. The aim of this research is to look at the role of creative digital marketing in improving the marketing performance and sustainability of MSMEs. This research uses explanatory quantitative methods with data analysis techniques, namely the SmartPLS 3.0 application. The object of this research is members of MSMEs assisted by Baznas Microfinance Malang with a sample of 170 MSMEs. The results of this research explain that creative digital marketing is able to improve marketing performance and business sustainability and the role of marketing performance is able to mediate between creative digital marketing and business sustainability. The contribution of this research to science is to determine the role of creativity in digital marketing management to improve marketing performance and business sustainability. It is very important to study each dimension of creative digital marketing so that it can be applied to all MSMEs, especially Baznaz-assisted MSMEs in Malang City.