Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE ORIGIN AND PROPAGATION OF VARIABILITY IN THE OUTFLOWS OF LONG-DURATION GAMMA-RAY BURSTS

We present the results of hydrodynamical simulations of gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets propagating through their stellar progenitor material and subsequently through the surrounding circumstellar medium. We consider both jets that are injected with constant properties in the center of the star and jets injected with a variable luminosity. We show that the variability properties of the jet outside the star are a combination of the variability injected at the base of the jet and the variability caused by the jet propagation through the star. Comparing power spectra for the two cases shows that the variability injected by the engine is preserved even if the jet is heavily shocked inside the star. Such shocking produces additional variability at long timescales, of order several seconds. Within the limited number of progenitors and jets investigated, our findings suggest that the broad pulses of several seconds duration typically observed in GRBs are due to the interaction of the jet with the progenitor, while the short-timescale variability, characterized by fluctuations on timescales of milliseconds, has to be injected at the base of the jet. Studying the properties of the fast variability in GRBs may therefore provide clues to the nature of the inner engine and the mechanisms of energy extraction from it.
Study on the rumen fermentation, growth performance and carcass characteristics according to the supplementation of lupin flake in Hanwoo steers

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the rumen fermentation dynamics of lupin flakes and elucidate the effects of lupin flake supplementation on the growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. In vitro and in situ trials of lupin grains and lupin flakes were conducted using three Hanwoo cows with rumen fistulas. The feeding trial included 40 early-fattening Hanwoo steers randomly divided into four groups: control, T1, T2, and T3. Their formula feed contained 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% lupin flakes, respectively. In vitro rumen pH and ammonia concentrations were lower in the lupin flake group than in the lupin grain group after 6 and 24 h of incubation, respectively (p < 0.05). Concentrations of propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acids were higher in the lupin flake group than in the lupin grain group after 12 h of incubation (p < 0.05), as was the crude protein disappearance rate at 9 and 12 h of rumen fermentation (p < 0.05). Supplementation with lupin flakes did not affect the average daily gain. Compared to that in the control group, dry matter intake was lower in the lupin flake–supplemented groups (p < 0.05); the feed conversion ratio was lower in T2 and T3 (p < 0.05); and plasma total protein concentration in 29-month-old steers was lower in T1 and T3 (p < 0.05). Plasma triglyceride concentration was lower in the lupin flake–supplemented groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). The incidence rate of yield grade A was higher in T1 and T2 than in the control group; the incidence rate of meat quality 1+ grade or higher was highest in T2. The carcass auction price was higher in T2 than in the other groups. Overall, compared to whole lupin grains, lupin flakes seem to more substantially affect rumen ammonia concentrations and crude protein disappearance rate. Additionally, we suggest that supplementation with 6% lupin flake formula feed exerts positive effects on the feed conversion ratio, yield grade, and quality grade of Hanwoo steers.
Electronic structure of the high-
TC
 ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Fe)Sb: X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and resonance photoemission spectroscopy studies

The electronic structure and the magnetism of the novel ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Fe)Sb, whose Curie temperature $T_{\rm C}$ can exceed room temperature, were investigated by means of x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and resonance photoemission spectroscopy (RPES). The line-shape analyses of the XAS and XMCD spectra suggest that the ferromagnetism is of intrinsic origin. The orbital magnetic moments deduced using XMCD sum rules were found to be large, indicating that there is a considerable amount of 3$d^{6}$ contribution to the ground state of Fe. From RPES, we observed a strong dispersive Auger peak and non-dispersive resonantly enhanced peaks in the valence-band spectra. The latter is a fingerprint of the correlated nature of Fe 3$d$ electrons, whereas the former indicates their itinerant nature. It was also found that the Fe 3$d$ states have finite contribution to the DOS at the Fermi energy. These states presumably consisting of majority-spin $p$-$d$ hybridized states or minority-spin $e$ states would be responsible for the ferromagnetic order in this material.
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL POVERTY IN CENTRAL JAVA INDONESIA

This study analyzes the effect of the spatial interaction of poverty in districts/cities in Central Java for three periods, 2010, 2015, and 2019. The method used in this research is a spatial analysis using Global Moran's I Statistics, Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA), and spatial regression with Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR). Spatial distribution analysis concluded that the high concentration of poverty for three periods occurred in the southern part of Central Java, accompanied by a high concentration of unemployment and population. The results of non-spatial regression analysis concluded that there was a negative effect of economic growth on poverty, a positive influence of population on poverty in Central Java for the three study periods, and a negative effect of education on poverty only in 2019. The estimation model uses SAR as the best model chosen to explain poverty conditions in Central Java, and it shows that poverty in neighboring areas has a positive value, so it can be concluded that there is a spatial effect of poverty in Central Java. The spatial influence of poverty implies that the government carries out an integrated poverty alleviation program to produce policies that have local impacts in one area but must have a spatial impact, which means reducing poverty between regions.
BPS Skyrme model and baryons at large N c

Within the class of field theories with the field content of the Skyrme model, one submodel can be found which consists of the square of the baryon current and a potential term only. For this submodel, a Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield bound exists, and the static soliton solutions saturate this bound. Further, already on the classical level, this Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield Skyrme model reproduces some features of the liquid drop model of nuclei. Here, we investigate the model in more detail and, besides, we perform the rigid rotor quantization of the simplest Skyrmion (the nucleon). In addition, we discuss indications that the viability of the model as a low-energy effective field theory for QCD is further improved in the limit of a large number of colors ${N}_{c}$.
Dynamic Measurement of Patellofemoral Compression Forces: A Novel Method for Patient-Specific Patella Resurfacing in Total Knee Replacement

Functional dissatisfaction following total knee replacement (TKR) is recorded as high as 20%. The majority of these patients report anterior knee pain (AKP) as the main source of dissatisfaction. Elevated patellofemoral compression forces and soft tissue extensor hood strain have been implicated in the generation of significant AKP. A novel method of assessing and measuring patellofemoral compression forces dynamically in the native and resurfaced patella for TKR in four different quadrants of the patella is described. Results are reported from an in vitro model and cadaveric studies in the native and resurfaced knee. Patellofemoral compression forces are shown to be characteristic and consistent over repeated assessments in the native knee. Placement of a TKR significantly alters this pattern. Furthermore, over-stuffing or under-stuffing the resurfaced patella also significantly alters the nature and magnitude of patellofemoral compression forces. These studies may lead to an improved understanding of the nature of AKP following TKR, and using this assessment tool presents an opportunity to more effectively balance the third space, reproduce the native patellofemoral forces, and subsequently reduce AKP following TKR.
Elevation-dependent temperature response in early Eocene using paleoclimate model experiment

Mountains become warmer with elevation in response to greenhouse gas warming, an effect known as elevation-dependent warming. The Eocene is considered a replica of the future climate in an epoch with high atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO2). Therefore, the topographic features of the Eocene strata are of interest. However, obtaining proxy data for mountain regions during the Eocene hothouse is challenging. Paleoclimate model simulation is an effective tool for exploring past climate change. Therefore, we conducted sensitivity experiment simulations employing the Community Earth System Model version 1.2 forced by proxy-estimated CO2 levels. This is the first Eocene study demonstrating the elevation-dependent temperature changes and illustrated using the surface energy budget decomposition. Here five major mountain ranges have been chosen based on their paleogeographic continental location. We found a nonlinear response of elevation-dependent temperature change to CO2 concentrations regulated by seasonal variations. The radiative and non-radiative feedback compensation is responsible for the elevation-dependency temperature changes. Our results suggest temperature perturbations regulate elevation-dependent changes in skin temperature through a combination of feedback under greenhouse warming in the early Eocene. These findings also show future paradox response exhibiting elevation-dependent cooling overall mountain regions due to lower elevation warming.
Does Personality Make a Difference on Leadership Development?

Personality is one of the individual differences that should be addressed in leadership development research and practice, as it can provide one with valuable insights about identifying specific needs and personalized methods for development. The existing literature demonstrates the importance of personality traits in leadership emergence and outcomes. However, to date only few scientific investigations have explored the role of personal traits in leadership development. The purpose of this mixed method study was to explore the relationship between personality and leadership development. Fifty college students were interviewed to investigate significant developmental events they experienced and leadership lessons learned from these events. In addition, the students were asked to complete an online personality survey: The Big Five Inventory (BFI) (John, Naumann, & Soto, 2008). It was hypothesized that the Five Factor Model (Big Five) personality traits predict certain kinds of developmental events recalled and leadership lessons gained from them. Results revealed no significant associations between any of the Big Five personality dimensions and developmental events and lessons. The findings suggest that personality does not play an important role in predicting leader development through learning from experience. Further empirical research is needed to highlight the role of personality in leader development.
Edelstein effects, spin-transfer torque, and spin pumping caused by pristine surface states of topological insulators.

The Edelstein effect caused by the pristine surface states of three-dimensional topological insulators is investigated by means of a semiclassical approach. The combined effect of random impurity scattering and the spin-momentum locking of the gapless Dirac cone yields a current-induced surface spin accumulation independent from chemical potential and temperature. In a nearby ferromagnet that does not make direct contact with the topological insulator, the bound state nature of the pristine surface state causes a spin-transfer torque that is entirely field-like, whose magnitude is highly influenced by the interface cleanliness and the quantum well state of the ferromagnet. Through incorporating quantum tunneling into Bloch equation, the spin pumping mediated by the pristine surface state is shown to be described by the same spin mixing conductance as the spin-transfer torque, and a semiclassical approach is proposed to explain the inverse Edelstein effect that converts the spin pumping spin current into a charge current. Consistency of these results with various experiments will be elaborated in detail.
Water Pollution and Agriculture Pesticide

The agricultural industry uses substantial amounts of water (the highest in the world) mostly for irrigation purposes. Rapid population growth and, consequently, growing demand for food have increased the use of pesticide to have higher yield for crops and other agricultural products. Wastewater generated as a result of excessive use of pesticides/herbicides in agricultural industry is becoming a global issue specifically in developing countries. Over 4,000,000 tons of pesticides are currently used in the world annually and high concentrations above their threshold limits have been detected in water bodies worldwide. The generated wastewater (contaminated with pesticides) has negative impacts on human health, the ecosystem, and the aquatic environment. Recently, biodegradable and biocompatible (including plant-based) pesticides have been introduced as green and safe products to reduce/eliminate the negative impacts of synthetic pesticides. Despite positive advantages of biopesticides, their use is limited due to cost and slow interaction with pests compared to chemical pesticides. Pesticides may also react with water and constituents of soil resulting in formation of intermediates having different physical and chemical properties. Diffusion, dispersion, and permeation are main mechanisms for transfer of pesticides in soil and water. Pesticides may degrade naturally in nature; however, the time requirement can be very long. Many mathematical models have been developed to simulate and estimate the final fate of pesticides in water resources. Development of new technologies and environmentally friendly pesticides to reduce water contamination is becoming increasingly important.
Accumulation of Postoperative Unexpected Events Assessed by the Comprehensive Complication Index® as Prognostic Outcome Parameters for Kasai Procedure

Introduction The Kasai procedure in children with biliary atresia (BA) is associated with several complications in the short-term. The Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI®) is a validated metric in adult surgery for the analysis of complications and morbidity in surgical patients. We aimed to analyze the CCI® for the first time in BA infants and to correlate its association with outcomes. Material and Methods We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of infants with type III BA undergoing the Kasai procedure between January 2011 and December 2021 at our institution. All unexpected events were ranked according to the Clavien–Dindo classification, and the CCI® per patient was subsequently calculated. Clavien–Dindo grades, individual events, CCI®, and total event numbers per patient were correlated with one- and two-year outcomes post-surgery. Results A total of 131 events were identified in 101 patients (ranging 0–11 per patient). Forty-four Grade I (33.6%), 67 Grade II (51.1%), 18 Grade III (13.7%), and two sentinel events [>Grade IV] (1.5%) were documented according to Clavien–Dindo, including one death in a cardiac-associated BA patient. None of the complications significantly correlated with a poor outcome. Sixty-three (62.4%) CCI® scores were calculated (range 0–100). The mean CCI® score during the in-patient treatment post-surgery was significantly higher in patients with a poorer outcome than patients with native liver survival at one- and two-year follow-up (22.7 ± 21.7 vs. 13.2 ± 18.1; p = 0.02). Conclusion Not the severity of complications, but the accumulation of numerous events related to Kasai procedure were associated with a poorer outcome. Therefore, the CCI® is an excellent instrument for the postoperative morbidity assessment of BA patients.
Gravitational Waves from F-modes Excited by the Inspiral of Highly Eccentric Neutron Star Binaries

As gravitational wave instrumentation becomes more sensitive, it is interesting to speculate about subtle effects that could be analyzed using upcoming generations of detectors. One such effect that has great potential for revealing the properties of very dense matter is fluid oscillations of neutron stars. These have been found in numerical simulations of the hypermassive remnants of double neutron star mergers and of highly eccentric neutron star orbits. Here we focus on the latter and sketch out some ideas for the production, gravitational-wave detection, and analysis of neutron star oscillations. These events will be rare (perhaps up to several tens per year could be detected using third-generation detectors such as the Einstein Telescope or the Cosmic Explorer), but they would have unique diagnostic power for the analysis of cold, catalyzed, dense matter. Furthermore, these systems are unusual in that analysis of the tidally excited f-modes of the stars could yield simultaneous measurements of their masses, moments of inertia, and tidal Love numbers, using the frequency, damping time, and amplitude of the modes. They would thus present a nearly unique opportunity to test the I-Love-Q relation observationally. The analysis of such events will require significant further work in nuclear physics and general relativistic nonlinear mode coupling, and thus we discuss further directions that will need to be pursued. For example, we note that for nearly grazing encounters, numerical simulations show that the energy delivered to the f-modes may be up to two orders of magnitude greater than predicted in the linear theory.
LOWER-LUMINOSITY GALAXIES COULD REIONIZE THE UNIVERSE: VERY STEEP FAINT-END SLOPES TO THE UV LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS AT z ⩾ 5–8 FROM THE HUDF09 WFC3/IR OBSERVATIONS

The HUDF09 data are the deepest near-IR observations ever, reaching to 29.5 mag. Luminosity functions (LFs) from these new HUDF09 data for 132 z ∼ 7 and z ∼ 8 galaxies are combined with new LFs for z ∼ 5–6 galaxies and the earlier z ∼ 4 LF to reach to very faint limits (<0.05 L*z = 3). The faint-end slopes α are steep: −1.79 ± 0.12 (z ∼ 5), −1.73 ± 0.20 (z ∼ 6), −2.01 ± 0.21 (z ∼ 7), and −1.91 ± 0.32 (z ∼ 8). Slopes α ≲ −2 lead to formally divergent UV fluxes, though galaxies are not expected to form below ∼ − 10 AB mag. These results have important implications for reionization. The weighted mean slope at z ∼ 6-8 is −1.87 ± 0.13. For such steep slopes, and a faint-end limit of −10 AB mag, galaxies provide a very large UV ionizing photon flux. While current results show that galaxies can reionize the universe by z ∼ 6, matching the Thomson optical depths is more challenging. Extrapolating the current LF evolution to z > 8, taking α to be −1.87 ± 0.13 (the mean value at z ∼ 6-8), and adopting typical parameters, we derive Thomson optical depths of 0.061+0.009− 0.006. However, this result will change if the faint-end slope α is not constant with redshift. We test this hypothesis and find a weak, though uncertain, trend to steeper slopes at earlier times (dα/dz ∼ −0.05 ± 0.04) that would increase the Thomson optical depths to 0.079+0.063− 0.017, consistent with recent WMAP estimates (τ = 0.088 ± 0.015). It may thus not be necessary to resort to extreme assumptions about the escape fraction or clumping factor. Nevertheless, the uncertainties remain large. Deeper WFC3/IR+ACS observations can further constrain the UV ionizing flux from faint galaxies.
Economics of Smaller Aberdeen-Derived Beef Cows

Abstract We investigate differences in profitability of three Aberdeen-influenced breeds, Angus, Red Angus, and American Aberdeen. Using data from North Dakota, we measure differences in birth weights, calving intervals, weaning weights, cow weights, and profitability. Weaning weights differ between breeds, setting up a trade-off between lower feed costs for smaller cows and higher revenue for larger cows. American Aberdeen-influenced cows bred to Red Angus bulls have $1–$6 per acre higher returns than Angus or Red Angus-influenced cows. Aberdeen sires have the lowest returning calves.
On the nonexistence of a strong solution in the boundary problem for a sticky Brownian motion

We prove that a sticky Brownian motion is not measurable with respect to a driving Wiener process thereby verifying Skorokhod's conjecture. Note: Work on this paper was completed while the author was visiting the Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science at Amsterdam, during the period september - december 1988. The paper will appear in Probability Theory iyid Related Fields.
Non-Destructive Detection of Real Defects in Polymer Composites by Ultrasonic Testing and Recurrence Analysis

This paper presents results of ultrasonic non-destructive testing of carbon fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) and glass-fibre reinforced plastics (GFRPs). First, ultrasonic C-scan analysis was used to detect real defects inside the composite materials. Next, the composite materials were subjected to drilling in the area of defect formation, and measured forces were used to analyse the drilling process using recurrence methods. Results have confirmed that recurrence methods can be used to detect defects formed inside a composite material during machining.
Quasi-periodic pulsations in solar flares

For several decades, quasi-periodic pulsations (QPP) in flares have been a signature feature of solar dynamics. In the last fifteen years, the advent of new observational instruments has led to a much-improved scope for studying and understanding such phenomena. These events are particularly relevant to the field of coronal seismology, where impulsive events are used as diagnostic tools to estimate the physical parameters of the solar atmosphere remotely. In this thesis we investigate quasi-periodic pulsations in flares from both a numerical and observational perpective, mostly in terms of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves. It has long been suggested that MHD modes may be the cause of QPP in flares as they are capable of modulating a wide range of observable quantities. We study one such mode in detail: the sausage mode. For a model including significant gas pressure, the characteristic period, the ratio of the mode harmonics and the behaviour of the wavenumber cutoff are all considered. Although the period and wavenumber are only marginally affected by this gas pressure, the density contrast ratio and length are important factors. An observational study of a flaring QPP event was undertaken, where new techniques were developed in an attempt to successfully diagnose the QPP mechanism. Cross-correlation mapping was applied to spatially resolved radio data, showing how the strength and phase relationship of a flaring oscillation can be mapped in space. Using this information, we were able to exclude many mechanisms as possible drivers for this event, and suggest that an MHD sausage mode is the likely candidate. A second flaring QPP event was considered, based on the possibility of multiple harmonic oscillations. A sequential spectral peak filtering method was used to demonstrate the presence of multiple significant periods in the flare. Analysis of the harmonic ratios indicated that an MHD wave such as a kink mode was the probable cause. Finally we explore the potential of a new technique in the context of the solar corona, the combination of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert spectrum. It was established that, under certain circumstances, this method compared favourably with existing analysis techniques such as the Morlet wavelet, and may lead to significant future observational results.