Characterization of Six Types of Dried Sea Cucumber Product from Different Countries

The character of six types of dried sea cucumber product and soaked sea cucumber sample in different countries, namely, Indonesia, Mexico, Australia and Japan (Hokkaido, Kansai and Aomori prefectures) was determined. physical properties and color of dried sea cucumber products and soaked sea cucumber samples were investigated. As a result, dried sea cucumbers contained 42.0 - 66.9% protein, 1.83 - 5.86% lipid, 8.62 - 37.3% ash, 12.2 – 18.4% moisture and 4.56 - 7.24% carbohydrate. SDS-PAGE showed that protein from dried sea cucumbers were gelatin, consisting of α chain (115 kDa) and β chain (200 kDa). The degradation of α chain and β chain of gelatin was observed from SDS-PAGE for all of soaked sea cucumber samples. All of dried sea cucumber products were abundant in glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and proline, accounted for 57.6 - 63.3% in total amino acids and rich in magnesium, calcium, potassium and sodium which accounted for 99.91% -99.98% in total mineral content. L *, a * and b * color values of six types of soaked sea cucumber sample ranged from 16.3 - 38.3, 0.30 - 4.58 and 2.78 - 8.54, respectively. The best texture (the highest springiness of 1.025); the highest weight (175 g), length (154 mm), body wall thickness (14.0 mm), height of spine (8.16 mm) and rehydration ratio (11.9) in soaked sea cucumber in Hokkaido product contribute to its best quality and highest commercial values. Dried sea cucumber, proximate composition, (pH M mercapethanol by for then for one week. was dialyzed and centrifuged at 10,000 for 10 Protein concentration in supernatant was adjusted to 8 mg/ml and mixed with sample buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8 M Urea, SDS, mercapethanol, 20% 0.4% bromophenol blue) at a ratio of for dried sea and 3:1 for soaked sea sample. 20 mL of protein sample was applied to each well in (E-12.5L, Japan) and subjected to at a constant current per gel. After electrophoresis, gel was stained with 0.1% (w/ v) Coomasive Brilliant Blue in 30% (v/v) methanol and 10% (v/v) acetic acid for overnight and destained with 30% (v/v) methanol and 10% (v/v) acetic acid. High molecular weight markers (Thermo were used to estimate the molecular weight of proteins. 99.90%, 99.91% and 99.98% in Hokkaido, Indonesia, Mexico, Australia, Kansai and Aomori products, respectively. The results were similar to the previous study for two dried sea cucumber species, including Holothuria arenicola and Actinopyga mauritiana which presented by [29] and giant red sea cucumbers Parastichopus californicus [28]. The highest total mineral content (9947±436 mg/100g) was noted in Mexico product, followed by Aomori and Australia products (6024±225 mg/100g and 5217±507 mg/100g, respectively), while the lowest was Hokkaido product (2693±234 mg/100g). The significant lower magnesium was found in Aomori product, without any significant difference (p<0.05) between the other five products. In addition, the highest calcium was observed for Australia product (2724±353 mg/100g) and Mexico product (1947±366 mg/100g), while the lowest was found in Aomori product (61.0±31.9 mg/100g). Moreover, the highest potassium was obtained in Mexico product (1011±23.7 mg/100g), whereas the lowest was noted in Hokkaido product (278±21.0 mg/100g). Furthermore, the highest sodium was also observed for Mexico product (6322±273 mg/100g), followed by Aomori product (4912±185.2 mg/100g), whereas the lowest was found in Hokkaido product (964±128 mg/100g). The highest microelements of manganese (1.38±0.64 mg/100g) and chromium (1.23±0.54 mg/100g) were found in Australia product and no significant difference of those for all other products. There were no significant difference in term of zinc, lead and nickel amongst six types of dried product. Copper and cadmium were not detected for all of products. High ash contents in Mexico and Australia products