Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A giant Late Triassic–Early Jurassic evaporitic basin on the Saharan Platform, North Africa

Abstract This paper describes the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic evaporites of the Berkine/Ghadames Basin in eastern Algeria and western Libya, which is important because it forms the regional seal to a number of hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Triassic Argilo-Gréseux Inférieur. This evaporitic succession spans the time interval Norian to Late Liassic and is divided into three contrasting units (S1, S2 and S3). S1 consists of five evaporitic cycles dominated by mudstone and halite, which represent the main salt deposits of the Berkine Basin. At this time the Berkine/Ghadames basin was a restricted evaporitic basin with a barrier to the north (Medenine High) separating the basin from the developing peri-Tethys and North Atlantic. The succession thickens to the west, thins around the Hass Messouad Ridge and continues across the Maghreb into the western High Atlas of Morocco, a distance of some 1500 km. S2 is represented by the basin-wide development of a carbonate platform in Pliensbachian times. This is the product of a relative sealevel rise concomitant with the developing extension of the region and may reflect the opening of an Atlantic gateway. S3 comprises five cycles that are predominantly mudstones, fine-grained carbonates and anhydrites. Mounded structures, evident on seismic sections, may represent the development of patch reefs and the whole succession is interpreted as a shallow-marine carbonate–evaporite ramp. Similar thickness variations to those observed in Sequence 1 continue through Sequence 3 and reflect the on-going influence of differential subsidence along basement lineaments. A number of factors controlled the development of the evaporite basin. These include Late Triassic sealevel rise and flooding of a sub-sealevel basin, combined with globally warm climatic conditions and on-going extensional tectonics in the peri-Tethyan and Atlantic areas. Restricted circulation was caused by an east–west oriented sill to the north (Medenine High in central Tunisia) and the basin was episodically refilled as global sealevel rose during the Early Mesozoic and extensional tectonics continued.
Effects of surface area and volume on the rate of isotopic exchange between water and water vapor

The effects of surface area and volume on the rate of isotopic exchange between water and water vapor were quantified by allowing beakers containing waters with differing D, 18O, and tritium contents to equilibrate under controlled conditions in a closed system. Over a 2-month period the waters shifted by as much as 80‰ in δD, 13‰ in δ18O, and 57,000 tritium unit (TU), sometimes in opposite directions (either toward being more enriched or more depleted) depending upon initial compositions of the juxtaposed waters. Over time the concentrations of the stable and radioactive isotopes approach a common value, which in an ideal closed system represents the mean composition on a volumetric basis. The exchange rate is represented by dRX/dt = −(RX − RM)ksx/vx where RX represents the actual isotopic ratio of the water at time t, RM is equal to αeq * Rv and represents the isotopic ratio of the water that would at any instant be in equilibrium with ambient vapor with an isotopic ratio of Rv, and sX and vX refer to the surface area and volume of the water, respectively. In our 20°C experiments the constant k ranged from 0.12 to 0.18 cm/d and was identical for D/H, T/H, and 18O/16O exchange for a given set of conditions. In cases where RM is constant, as, for example, occurs if the atmospheric reservoir is infinite or if water samples having identical surface areas and volumes undergo exchange, the isotopic ratio of the vapor is constant and the exchange equation is (δx − δ∞)/(δi − δ∞) = e−ks xt/v x where δi, δ∞ and δx refer to the δ value of the water at the initiation of the experiment, at equilibrium, and any time. In the case of exchange between samples having different surface areas and/or volumes, the isotopic ratio of the vapor is variable and the value for RM is RM = (sX(RX) + sY(RY) + (sZ(RZ) + …)/(sX + sY + sZ …). In the case of identical surface areas and volumes the composition of the waters may change, but the vapor to which the waters respond remains the same during the exchange process. In the case of differing surface areas, or differing volumes, the composition of the vapor and RM will both change. In any case, after complete exchange, all waters will attain the same equilibrium isotopic ratio.
Effect Of Topical Application Of Ozonated Olive Oil On The Number Of Lymfocite Cells In Male Wistar Rats With Periodontitis

Periodontitis is an inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by specific microorganisms or specific groups of microorganism which results in progressive destruction of the periodontal connective tissue and alveolar bone by forming pockets, recession or both. When there is inflammatory periodontitis, the lymphocyte cells increase. Lymphocytes are specific chronic inflammatory cells that become an immune response to the presence of an injury during inflammation. One of the treatments that support wound healing in periodontitis is Ozonated Olive Oil. Ozonated Olive Oil has a disinfectant ability that can suppress the growth of bacteria such as those contained in periodontitis. This study aims to determine the effect of topical application of Ozonated Olive Oil on the number of lymphocyte cells in male Wistar rats with periodontitis. The number of male wistar rats used was 24. Observation of lymphocyte cells was carried out using a light microscope with a magnification of 200x and counted manually by the observer.The results showed that the mean number of lymphocytes in the experimental group was 24±3.26599 and the negative control group was 48±5.65685. The result of the One-Way ANOVA data analysis is 0.000 (0<0.05). The conclusion of this study was that the use of 0.1 ml of Ozonated Olive Oil had an effect on the number of lymphocyte cells in male Wistar rats who had periodontitis.
A sedimentological and stable isotopic study of travertines and associated sediments within Upper Triassic lacustrine limestones, South Wales, UK

The Upper Triassic in South Wales is composed of up to 100 m of red, dolomitic mudstones of the Mercia Mudstone Group which overlie and are laterally equivalent to basin margin coarse clastic deposits. In the Sully Island and Dinas Powys areas, a series of carbonate deposits was laid down within small basins adjacent to the main Bristol Channel Basin. The rocks consist of dolomites containing replaced evaporites, overlain by perilittoral freshwater limestones. The limestones are fenestral intrasparites and contain abundant pedogenic and stromatolitic horizons, as well as locally developed travertines. Evidence for vadose diagenesis within the limestones is common. The travertines consist of sheets of fibrous calcite (flowstone) associated with pisoids and floe calcite. Most of the travertines consist of single sheets several millimetres in thickness although ‘mounds’up to 1 m in height and 5 m in diameter are also present. The topmost metre of the limestones, which has been dolomitized, is deformed into tepee and megapolygonal structures. The carbon and oxygen stable isotopic composition of the limestones suggests that they were precipitated in low salinity waters. Successive samples from individual bands of flowstone show a covariance of δ18C and δ13C which is consistent with the mixing of resurgent groundwaters with pools of more evolved waters at the surface. The sedimentological and geochemical evidence suggests that the limestones were deposited in a small, enclosed basin fed by upwelling meteoric groundwaters in an environment distinct from that in which the laterally equivalent gypsiferous red mudstones were formed.
Tides for a convective Earth

In this paper we give values of the tidal gravimetric factor as well as of the Love numbers for the tidal surface displacement and for the tidal mass redistribution potential that are consistent with the presently adopted definitions. We present analytical expressions for these quantities and compute numerical values for two rotating, nonspherical Earth models. In the first model the Earth is everywhere in hydrostatic equilibrium, and the inner core and mantle are both elastic. In the second model the Earth is ellipsoidal with an inelastic mantle and with a nonhydrostatic initial state for which the effects of mantle convection and its associated boundary deformations are considered. This latter model is constrained to reproduce the observed free core nutation period and global Earth dynamical flattening.
Contributions of flexor hallucis longus and brevis muscles to isometric toe flexor force production.

PURPOSE Morphological differences between the two primary great toe flexors - flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) - likely drive differences in how these muscles contribute to functional toe flexor torque production. The aim of the study was to investigate FHL and FHB activation in two isometric toe flexion tasks - one called a "toe-pushing" task with the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints dorsiflexed and the interphalangeal (IP) joints in neutral and another called a "toe-gripping" task with the MTP joints in neutral and flexed IP joints. METHODS Twenty participants' FHL and FHB muscles were instrumented with intramuscular electromyography electrodes. Muscle activation was normalized to a maximum voluntary contraction and compared between the two isometric toe flexor force production tasks. RESULTS Overall, participants utilized these two toe flexors completely differently in the two tasks. In the toe-gripping task, the FHL was activated to a much greater extent than the FHB. In fact, 18 our of 20 participants activated FHL at more than 70% maximum voluntary contraction and half of participants activated FHB at less than 10%. In contrast, muscle activation during the toe-pushing task appeared more reliant on the FHB for most participants. CONCLUSIONS Different contributions from the FHL and FHB to toe flexor force production in these two tasks are potentially driven by differences in muscle functional length among other factors. These findings help to inform the selection of rehabilitation and training exercises meant to preferentially target intrinsic or extrinsic foot musculature.
Rock and Stiff‐Soil Site Amplification: Dependency on VS30 and Kappa (κ0)

Abstract A ground‐motion prediction equation (GMPE) specific to rock and stiff‐soil sites is derived using seismic motion recorded on high V S 30 sites in Japan. This GMPE applies to events with 4.5≤ M w ≤6.9 and V S 30 ranging from 500 to 1500 m/s (stiff‐soil to rock sites). The empirical site coefficients obtained and the comparison with the simulated site functions show that seismic motion on rock and stiff‐soil sites does not depend only on V S 30 , but also on the high‐frequency attenuation site properties ( κ 0 ). The effects of the site‐specific κ 0 on site amplification are analyzed using stochastic simulations, with the need to take into account both of these parameters for rock‐site adjustments. Adding the site‐specific κ 0 into the GMPEs thus appears to be essential in future work. The rock‐site stochastic ground‐motion simulations show that the site‐specific κ 0 controls the frequency corresponding to the maximum response spectral acceleration ( f amp 1). This observation is used to link the peak of the response spectral shape to κ 0 in this specific Japanese dataset and then to add the effects of high‐frequency attenuation into the previous GMPE from the peak ground acceleration and up to periods of 0.2 s. The inclusion of κ 0 allows the observed bias to be corrected for the intraevent residuals and thus reduces sigma. However, this κ 0 determination is limited to a minimum number of rock‐site records with M w ≥4.5 and to distances of less than 50 km.
Triple Threat: Triple-Valve Endocarditis Case Report and Literature Review

Triple valve endocarditis (TVE) is a rare presentation of endocarditis often requiring multivalvular surgery. Here we report a case of S. aureus triple valve endocarditis in a patient with a history of intravenous drug use and provide a literature review of TVE identification, treatment, and prognosis.
Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Dementia Using Motion Data: A Scoping Review

Background: Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease resulting in the loss of cognitive and psychological functions. Artificial intelligence (AI) may help in detection and screening of dementia; however, little is known in this area. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate AI interventions for detection of dementia using motion data. Method: The review followed the framework proposed by O’Malley’s and Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidance for scoping reviews. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist for reporting the results. An information specialist performed a comprehensive search from the date of inception until November 2020, in five bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, and IEEE Xplore. We included studies aimed at the deployment and testing or implementation of AI interventions using motion data for the detection of dementia among a diverse population, encompassing varying age, sex, gender, economic backgrounds, and ethnicity, extending to their health care providers across multiple health care settings. Studies were excluded if they focused on Parkinson’s or Huntington’s disease. Two independent reviewers screened the abstracts, titles, and then read the full-texts. Disagreements were resolved by consensus, and if this was not possible, the opinion of a third reviewer was sought. The reference lists of included studies were also screened. Results: After removing duplicates, 2,632 articles were obtained. After title and abstract screening and full-text screening, 839 articles were considered for categorization. The authors categorized the papers into six categories, and data extraction and synthesis was performed on 20 included papers from the motion tracking data category. The included studies assessed cognitive performance (n = 5, 25%); screened dementia and cognitive decline (n = 8, 40%); investigated visual behaviours (n = 4, 20%); and analyzed motor behaviors (n = 3, 15%). Conclusions: We presented evidence of AI systems being employed in the detection of dementia, showcasing the promising potential of motion tracking within this domain. Although some progress has been made in this field recently, there remain notable research gaps that require further exploration and investigation. Future endeavors need to compare AI interventions using motion data with traditional screening methods or other tech-enabled dementia detection mechanisms. Besides, future works should aim at understanding how gender and sex, and ethnic and cultural sensitivity can contribute to refining AI interventions, ensuring they are accessible, equitable, and beneficial across all society.
Distribution and vegetation reconstruction of the deserts of northern China during the mid‐Holocene

Desertification is potentially a serious threat to society, and therefore, it is critical to understand how deserts may respond to future climate change. The mid‐Holocene (6 ± 0.5 14C ka) was warmer than present, and the distribution of deserts at this time may have implications for understanding their response to future warming. Here we reconstruct the distribution of deserts in northern China during the mid‐Holocene by combining data on vegetation type and the sedimentary facies of aeolian deposits. The results demonstrate that during the mid‐Holocene, the deserts retreated northwestward to the location of the modern 300 mm isohyet. Most of the Eastern Desert was stabilized with steppe or forest‐steppe vegetation, whereas the Western Desert exhibited no significant change and remained mobile, occupied by desert vegetation. The deserts in northern China were greatly reduced during the mid‐Holocene because of the enhancement of the East Asian summer monsoon in a warmer climate than today.
Fertility in High-Income Countries: Trends, Patterns, Determinants, and Consequences

IZA DP No. 16500 OCTOBER 2023 Fertility in High-Income Countries: Trends, Patterns, Determinants, and Consequences High-income countries have generally experienced falling fertility in recent decades. In most of these countries, the total fertility rate is now below the level that implies a stable population in the long run. This has led to concerns among economists, policymakers, and the wider public about the economic consequences of low fertility and population decline. In this contribution, we aim to i) describe the main determinants of low fertility in highincome countries, ii) assess its potential economic consequences, iii) discuss adjustment mechanisms for individuals and economies, iv) propose a simple economic framework to analyze the long-run economic impact of low fertility, and v) draw lessons for economic policymakers to react appropriately. While the economic challenges of low fertility are substantial, a thoughtful and consistent policy response can mitigate most of the adverse consequences. JEL Classification: J11, J13, O11
Oligo‐Miocene granitic magmatism in central Vietnam and implications for continental deformation in Indochina

Two granitoid intrusions within the Bu Khang extensional complex in central Vietnam have been dated by U–Pb and Rb–Sr geochronology. A monazite U–Pb age of 26.0 ± 0.2 (2σ) Myr was obtained for the Bu Khang pluton and 23.7 + 1.6/–1.7 Myr for monazite, allanite and zircon from the Dai Loc intrusion. These ages date crystallization of magmas previously assigned Precambrian to Devonian. Rb–Sr analyses of K‐feldspar and biotite fractions from the samples yield ages of 19.8 ± 0.6 (2σ) Myr and 19.6 ± 0.5 Myr, respectively. The thermal history recorded by the different geochronometers implies an average exhumation rate of ∼2 mm yr−1 corresponding to ∼9 km of unroofing. Magmatism was either (i) induced passively by lithospheric thinning driven by changes in regional tectonic stresses, or (ii) triggered actively by an ascending plume. Tertiary exhumation and magmatism documented elsewhere in Indochina (e.g. Ailao Shan‐Red River and Wang Chao shear zones) favours a regional tectonic cause for extension and granitoid magmatism in the Bu Khang complex. On the other hand, the presence of an upwelling thermal anomaly since at least 35 Ma, causing mantle melting below Indochina, is supported by shear‐wave velocity variations in the mantle, and source geochemistry of both the Bu Khang plutons and the Red River belt intrusions. In either case, Tertiary exhumation of the Bu Khang complex can account for previously undocumented NE–SW‐directed extension, which is required in northern Vietnam to account for structural changes related to the opening of the South China Sea.
Aluminum in Soils: III. A Comparison of Extraction Methods in Soils and Clays1

Samples of eight Ohio soils initially representing a wide range of extractable Al were moist-equilibrated for 3 months with increasing increments of both H₂SO₄ and Ca(OH)₂. Al was then extracted, using five salt solutions. Previously dialyzed bentonite, Putnam, and illite clays were extracted of their accumulated (and added) Al by direct treatment with salt solutions and by removal with cation-exchange resin (Dowex 50-8X, 20 mesh). With low soil pH, NaCl, BaCl₂, and NH₄OAc at pH 4.8, all extracted comparable amounts of Al from the initialy more acid soils. However, soils less highly weathered initaly but made acid with H₂SO₄, released more Al to BaCl₂ than NH₄OAc at pH 4.8. With soil pH values above 5, more Al was removed by NH₄OAc at pH 4.8 than either NaCl or BaCl₂. Relatively little Al was obtained by extracting with either NH₄OAc at pH 7.0 or triethanolamine + BaCl₂ (Mehlich) solution regardless of soil pH. On the basis of extractability and solubility of Al and the possible effects on clay crystal stability, NH₄OAc at pH 4.8 appeared to be superior as an extractant to the unbuffered neutral salts and to those buffered at pH 7.0 or above. The extractable Al appeared to be largely exchangeable, since the amounts removed did not exceed the CEC of the soils whether 0.4 to 1.2 symmetry (S) concentration of H₂SO₄ was added, or 13 to 28 S of AlCl₃ were equilibrated with the soils. NH₄OAc at pH 4.8, NaCl, and BaCl₂ all extracted comparable amounts of Al from the acid clays and the resin after contact with the clays. In clays without Al added, more Al was extracted from Putnam with salt solutions than from the other clays; but less was extracted from it with resin. In contrast, much more Al was removed with resin from illite than from the other clays, and much more than with salts. The contents of extractable Al in bentonite and Putnam clays prepared from H-resin and Ca-resin increased with time but continued essentially equal in value, whether it was an H- or Ca-clay. The relative amounts of Al obtained from the resin by the various extractants depended upon the clay with which it had been equilibrated. Symmetry values for various cations showed the relative bonding of the cations by the resin was Al > Ca ≥ Ba > K > Na ≥ NH₄ > H.
Three-dimensional analysis of slides in cohesive soils

The Paper presents the three-dimensional stability analysis of homogeneous, isotropic and purely cohesive slopes. Rotational slides are assumed with a cylindrical central part terminated with either plane or curved ends. Analytical expressions for the three-dimensional factor of safety are obtained assuming plane ends. Critical three-dimensional factors of safety are computed using a family of power curves to generate the end surfaces. Relevant case records are reviewed and compared with the analyses. The errors involved in neglecting end effects are found to be significant in many cases (up to 30% in the cases reviewed) and in back analyses will generally be on the unsafe side. L'article decrit une analyse de stabilite tridimensionnelle de pentes homogenes, isotropes et purement coherentes. On admet des glissements circulaires avec une partie centrale cylindrique qui se termine par des extremites planes ou courbees. Des expressions analytiques pour le facteur de securite tridimensionnel sont obtenues ave.