Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bronchoalveolar Lavage is Useful for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children

Objective: To compare the mycobacteriological yield from self-expectorated sputum (SP), gastric lavage (GL) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), in children with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods: Twelve children with culture- or PCR-positive pulmonary TB were retrospectively enrolled in this study. These patients had undergone SP collection, GL and/or BAL through flexible bronchoscopy. Positive culture yield rates from these three methods were compared. Results: The positive bacterial yield from BAL (85.7%; six of seven patients) was significantly higher than specimens from SP (75.0%; six of eight patients) and GL (60.0%; six of ten patients). Combining BAL and SP or BAL and GL increased culture positivity to 100% (10 of 10 patients, and seven of seven patients, respectively). Conclusion: Flexible bronchoscopy with BAL is a useful diagnostic modality for diagnosis of pulmonary TB in children. When combinations of BAL and SP or BAL and GL are used, a higher rate of diagnosis of pulmonary TB can be achieved. Flexible bronchoscopy with BAL and GL can be used for patients who cannot expectorate, or for patients whose sputum is smear negative for acid-fast bacilli (AFB).
Large-scale video analysis and understanding

Video understanding is a complex task in computer vision, which requires not only recognizing objects, persons, and scenes, but also capturing and remembering the changes of visual content along time. Rapid development in building blocks like image classification task in recent years provides great opportunities for accurate and efficient video understanding. Based on deep convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks, various kinds of deep learning applications on video understanding have been studied. In this thesis, I present my research on large-scale video analysis and understanding in three major aspects: video representation learning, recognition with limited examples, and vision & language. Representation and features are the most important part for vision tasks, since it is very general and can be used for classification task, detection task and also tasks for structural prediction like vision and language. We begin with video classification from multimodal features, which are hand-crafted features from different streams, i.e. vision and audio. For representation learning, we investigate aggregation methods to generate video representation from frame features. Significant improvements over classical pooling methods have been demonstrated. In addition, we propose a hierarchical recurrent neural network to learn the hierarchical structure for video. Going beyond supervised learning, we develop a sequence model to learn from reconstruction of future and past features based on the current sequences, showing that unlabeled videos can help learning good and generalizable video representation. We explore the problem of recognition with limited examples, which tries to tackle the situation that we cannot obtain enough data to train the model. The encouraging results show that it is feasible to obtain good performance with only a few examples for the target class. Except for the video classification task which only outputs labels for the video, we also seek for richer interaction between machine and human on vision content via natural language. We consider two major forms of vision and language tasks, the first is video captioning, i.e., to automatically generate caption to describe the given video sequence, and video question answering, i.e., to answer questions related to the presented video sequence. Finally, I conclude the thesis with some future directions on video understanding.
Update and evaluation of the ozone dry deposition in Oslo CTM3 v1.0

Abstract. High concentrations of ozone in ambient air are hazardous not only to humans but to the ecosystem in general. The impact of ozone damage on vegetation and agricultural plants in combination with advancing climate change may affect food security in the future. While the future scenarios in themselves are uncertain, there are limiting factors constraining the accuracy of surface ozone modeling also at present: the distribution and amount of ozone precursors and ozone-depleting substances, the stratosphere–troposphere exchange, as well as scavenging processes. Removal of any substance through gravitational settling or by uptake by plants and soil is referred to as dry deposition. The process of dry deposition is important for predicting surface ozone concentrations and understanding the observed amount and increase of tropospheric background ozone. The conceptual dry deposition velocities are calculated following a resistance-analogous approach, wherein aerodynamic, quasi-laminar, and canopy resistance are key components, but these are hard to measure explicitly. We present an update of the dry deposition scheme implemented in Oslo CTM3. We change from a purely empirical dry deposition parameterization to a more process-based one which takes the state of the atmosphere and vegetation into account. We examine the sensitivity of the scheme to various parameters, e.g., the stomatal conductance-based description of the canopy resistance and the choice of ozone surface resistance, and evaluate the resulting modeled ozone dry deposition with respect to observations and multi-model studies. Individual dry deposition velocities are now available for each land surface type and agree generally well with observations. We also estimate the impact on the modeled ozone concentrations at the surface. We show that the global annual total ozone dry deposition decreases with respect to the previous model version (−37 %), leading to an increase in surface ozone of more than 100 % in some regions. While high sensitivity to changes in dry deposition to vegetation is found in the tropics and the Northern Hemisphere, the largest impact on global scales is associated with the choice of prescribed ozone surface resistance over the ocean and deserts.
Attitude and Practices Regarding Mosquito Borne Diseases and Socio-demographic Determinants for Use of Personal Protection Methods Among Adults in Coastal Pondicherry

Background: Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are emerging as a serious public health problem in India and other countries of the South-East Asia Region. The use of personal protection (PP) methods has been advocated as an effective tool against VBDs. The study aimed to determine the attitude and practices regarding mosquito borne diseases and socio-demographic determinants for use of PP methods among adults in coastal Pondicherry. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted during Feb 2010 among 1674 adults in coastal Pondicherry. Results: 1411 (84.29%) of study subjects were using one or the other form of PP methods against mosquito borne diseases. The use of mosquito repellant coil and liquid vapourizer were commonest among PP methods used. Use of PP methods by females was almost same as compared to males. Respondents living in semi-pucca or kutcha houses were more likely to practice PP methods as compared to respondents living in pucca houses (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.87-1.57). Only 1131 (67.56%) respondents had expressed willingness to cooperate with insecticide spraying operation done by local authority. Conclusion: Use of PP methods was found to be low among younger, working respondents and those belonging to economically backward classes. Hence, IEC activities and social marketing strategies need to be intensified among these categories for prevention and control of mosquito borne diseases.
Factors affecting STIs among married men in Bangladesh.

People are generally aware of STDs and they believe that STDs are transmitted through extramarital intercourse and from prostitutes. However a high prevalence of STDs was observed due to low educational level and low condom use among commercial sex workers (CSWs). Gonorrhea syphilis and trichomonas were found to be the leading STDs among them. A social marketing company survey found that one quarter to one third of CSWs in six urban brothels had an STI at least once. STIs in Bangladesh remains minimally understood. Lack of awareness and cultural taboos increase the risk of contracting this condition due to unsafe behaviour and inhibitions prevent individuals from discussing their problems and seeking appropriate treatment. However it is becoming necessary to undertake extensive studies to find solutions for this growing problem. The present paper examines the prevalence of STIs among the married men in Bangladesh and the associated demographic and socio-economic variables such as age place of residence level of education region religion occupation method of contraception number of unions and knowledge abut STIs/HIV/AIDS. (excerpt)
Predictive Biomarkers to Anti-EGFR Inhibitors Treatment in the Management of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Despite the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (moAbs), cetuximab and panitumumab, have expanded the range of treatment options for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the prognosis of these patients remains poor. In fact, resistance mechanisms limit the effectiveness of current cancer therapies to treat mCRC. The identification of resistance mechanisms may highlight new biomarkers useful to predict the clinical outcome or the likely responsiveness to pharmacological treatment of those metastatic CRC patients who cannot benefit to anti-EGFR moAbs. Data derived from multiple clinical trials have clearly demonstrated that KRAS mutations can be considered specific negative biomarkers of response to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. Other molecular aberrations in the downstream pathway of EGFR such as BRAF, NRAS, and PIK3CA mutations, and PTEN loss are useful for selecting patients with reduced chance to benefit from anti- EGFR moAbs. The recognition of panels of biomarkers may suggest new strategies to overcome resistance by rational drug design and combination treatment. In this review we discuss the most recent data on predictive and prognostic biomarkers within the EGFR pathway, the challenges this emerging field presents and the future role of these molecular markers in CRC treatment.
Ultraviolet Protection Behaviors and Beliefs Among Young Adult Dermatology Patients: Challenges for Skin Cancer Prevention

Background: Although skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States, it is highly preventable by reducing exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This descriptive, correlational study describes the ultraviolet protection behaviors and beliefs of young adult dermatology patients. Methods: Eighty-two dermatology patients aged 18-30 years were recruited from a suburban dermatology clinic in northern Utah. An investigator-developed questionnaire assessed ultraviolet protection stages of change, attitudes, and self-efficacy. Results: Participants reported that on average they were in the preparation stage, had positive ultraviolet protection attitudes, and felt that it was neither easy nor difficult to use ultraviolet protection measures. Individuals who were older, more educated, had more sun-sensitive skin types, and spent less time outdoors on nonworkdays reported more responsible ultraviolet protection behaviors and beliefs. Conclusions: The ultraviolet protection beliefs within this sample indicate generally favorable ultraviolet protection attitudes and adequate knowledge of ultraviolet exposure risks. Conversely, this sample reported inadequate and differential use of ultraviolet protection behaviors. Correlations involving demographic and clinical factors reveal that ultraviolet protection behaviors and beliefs are difficult to predict. Additional study findings support the need for continued efforts to promote ultraviolet protection among all young adults.
7-Hydroxyindan-1-one

In the title compound, C9H8O2, an intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring. The dihedral angle between the mean plane of the S(6) ring and the benzene ring is 1.89 (2)°. In the crystal, inversion-related molecules are linked by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a cyclic dimers with R 2 2(12) graph-set motif. Weak intermolecular C—H⋯Ocarbonyl and C—H⋯Ohydroxy hydrogen bonds link the dimers into chains along [010], generating two C(6) motifs that overlap three C atoms, forming R 2 2(8) ring motifs.
Standardizing the Protocols of Constraint Induced Movement Therapy in Patients within 4 Months Post-stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled trial

Background: The protocols of constraint induced movement therapy are heterogeneous, and it is difficult to adopt one particular protocol. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a standardized constrain induced movement therapy protocol where all the participants will perform same tasks and with same number of repetitions. Methods: Sixteen stroke patients (6 males, 10 females, with mean age 53.71 years) who were < 6 months poststroke were randomized into experimental and control groups. The experimental and control groups received standardized CIMT and traditional modified CIMT respectively for 4 weeks. Motor function was assessed at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks post-intervention using WMFT and MAL. The data was analyzed using t-test, one-way repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANCOVA. Result: A significant difference was recorded using one way repeated ANOVA in the control group between baseline, and 2 weeks; and 4 weeks post-intervention(Wilk’s Lambda = 0.29, p= 0.025) for both AOU, QOU and WMFT. The results recorded using t- test and one -way ANCOVA showed no significant difference between groups. However, there was a strong relationship that existed on the effect of covariate (baseline) on the 2 and 4 weeks post-intervention scores as indicated by large eta squared values. Conclusion: It is possible for stroke patients to perform 320 repetitions of tasks practice (same tasks) per day.
Exploring the relationship between interstate crashes and various speed metrics based upon probe vehicle data

In recent years, a considerable amount of research has been aimed at discerning the determinants of traffic crashes and those circumstances under which crash risk is increased. This is particularly important when considering the potential safety impacts of geometric design or transportation policy decisions. For example, research has consistently demonstrated that crashes are affected by various factors related to the roadway, the surrounding environment, and the involved drivers. This study has two principal goals. The first is to understand how driver speed selection varies with respect to traffic and roadway geometric characteristics. The second goal is to explore the relationship between traffic crashes, operating speeds (i.e., mean speed, 85th percentile speed, speed variance) and other pertinent factors (e.g., traffic, roadway, weather). To achieve these goals, the study utilized traffic, roadway, weather, and speed data (i.e., automatic traffic recorder, INRIX) for Iowa interstates. Simple descriptive statistics are documented to illustrate crash trends on the Iowa interstate network during the study period. A series of regression models were estimated to investigate relationships between various speed metrics and crash rates with respect to traffic, roadway, and weather characteristics. The study suggests that speed measures, such as mean speed, 85 percentile speed, and speed variance, are found to correlate with the roadway geometry. In addition, higher speed variance is associated with more crashes, while the absolute speed of traffic does not necessarily correspond to higher crash occurrences.
(ANALISIS LANJUT DATA RISKESDAS 2010) PERSENTASE OPERASI CAESARIA DI INDONESIA MELEBIHI STANDARD MAKSIMAL, APAKAH SESUAI INDIKASI MEDIS? (Percentage of Sectio Caesaria in Indonesia is Passad the Maximum Standard, is it in accordance to Medical Indication)

Background: WHO establish Caesaria labor indicators 5–15% for every country, when it is not an indication Caesaria surgery can increase the risk of morbidity and mortality for the mother and baby. Based on data RISKESDAS in 2010, the rate of caesarean deliveries in Indonesia 15.3%. The sample of 20 591 women who gave birth within the last 5 years that were interviewed in 33 provinces. Methods: Further analysis carried out to investigate the characteristics of mothers as well cesarean surgery risk factors that accompany them during pregnancy or childbirth. Data analysis using SPSS with multiple logistic regressions. Results: The results of statistical analysis using the “test chi-square (x2), the acquisition value of the probability (p) with a signifi cance level (α < 5%). Cesarean fi gure in Indonesia has passed a maximum limit of WHO standards. An overview mother Caesarean surgery; 64.52% reside in the city, maternal education 50.25% passed the junior high school, and 47.5% in the poor quintiles (1 and 2), and approximately 72% of family heads jobs informal sector (farmers/laborer/not working). Approximately 38% of mother’s cesarean surgeries were primiparous, 75% not at high risk age for normal vaginal deliveries (less than 20 years old or over 35 years). 80% of mothers in the section also do not have a history of fetal death and those with signs of complications during pregnancy only 15.4%. An overview the risk factors for mother at delivery/surgery Caesaria were; only 13.4% due to premature rupture of membranes, also pre-eclampsia only 5.49%, and 5.14% had bleeding, 4.40% due to the birth canal closed, and 2.3% due to the uterus tear.
Development of Food Frequency Questionnaire

Development of Food Frequency Questionnaire Chigusa Date*1, Mitsuru Fukui*2, Tetsuji Yokoyama*3,4 Nobuo Yoshiike*4, Yasuhiro Matsumura*4 and Heizo Tanaka*3,4 *1 Department of Public Health, Osaka City University, Medical School; *2 Laboratory of Statistics, Osaka City University, Medical School; *3 Department of Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; *4Division of Adult Health Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition
Cigarette smoke condensate-induced transcriptional regulation of BCL-XL in spontaneously immortalized human breast epithelial cells

of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy CIGARETTE SMOKE CONDENSATE-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF BCL-XL IN SPONTANEOUSLY IMMORTALIZED HUMAN BREAST EPITHELIAL CELLS By Shahnjayla Khrishida Connors August 2008 Chair: Satya Narayan Major: Medical Sciences-Molecular Cell Biology Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. It is unclear whether there is a link between cigarette smoking and increased breast cancer risk. Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 compounds, over 80 of which have been identified as carcinogens. There is evidence to support the fact that smokers metabolize mammary carcinogens and human studies show that tobacco constituents can reach breast tissue where they produce their harmful effects. In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), which has a similar chemical composition as cigarette smoke, is capable of transforming the spontaneously immortalized human breast epithelial cell line, MCF10A, possibly through the upregulation of the anti-apoptotic gene, bcl-xl. Upregulation of this gene impedes the apoptotic pathway and allows the accumulation of DNA damage that can lead to cell transformation and carcinogenesis. In the present study, the mechanism of CSC-mediated transcriptional upregulation of bcl-xl gene expression in MCF10A cells has been determined. The human bcl-xl promoter (pBcl-xLP) was cloned and putative transcription factor binding sites were identified. Deletion constructs that removed the putative cis-elements were transfected into MCF10A cells to determine which element or elements were responsive to CSC treatment. The promoter
Adjuvant Treatment for Endometrial Carcinoma

The prognostic factors for patients with endometrial cancer include International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, age, resection margin, lymphovascular invasion, and histology type. Patients with high-risk disease may develop local, regional, and/or distant recurrences. Traditionally, whole pelvic radiotherapy is the treatment option for patients with risk factors that predict pelvic recurrence, in particular, deep myometrial invasion or serosal extension, high-grade disease, cervical or adnexal involvement, and close margins. Several randomised studies confirmed better pelvic control for patients with clinically or surgically staged intermediate- to high-risk early-stage disease after whole pelvic radiotherapy, but not survival, when compared with observation alone, and at the price of increased severe late toxicities. Several retrospective studies showed that good pelvic control could be achieved with vaginal brachytherapy alone for patients with surgically staged intermediate- to high-risk disease, and with a better toxicity profile when compared with whole pelvic radiotherapy. In addition, the preliminary results of several randomised studies show that adjuvant chemotherapy may offer survival benefit for patients with intermediate- to high-risk disease. The role of various adjuvant treatments, including vaginal brachytherapy, retroperitoneal surgery, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy, will be discussed in this review.
Sport and recreation activities at the "Goce Delcev" University Shtip, Republic of Macedonia - differences in students opinions for its realization in dependence on certain characteristics

Although research interest on physical activity and health dates back to the 1950s, the breakthrough in the scientific evidence on health benefits of physical activity largely took place during the 1980s and 1990s. There is an overwhelming amount of scientific evidence on the positive effects of sport and physical activity as part of a healthy lifestyle. The positive, direct effects of engaging in regular physical activity are particularly apparent in the prevention of several chronic diseases, including: cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, obesity, depression and osteoporosis. The WHO has estimated that “one in four patients visiting a health service has at least one mental, neurological or behavioural disorder, but most of these disorders are neither diagnosed nor treated”. A number of studies have shown that exercise may play a therapeutic role in addressing a number of psychological disorders. Studies also show that exercise has a positive influence on depression. Physical self-worth and physical self-perception, including body image, has been linked to improved self-esteem. The evidence relating to health benefits of physical activity predominantly focuses on intra-personal factors such as physiological, cognitive and affective benefits, however, that does not exclude the social and inter-personal benefits of sport and physical activity which can also produce positive health effects in individuals and communities. A number of factors influence the way in which sport and physical activity impacts on health in different populations. Sport and physical activity in itself may not directly lead to benefits but, in combination with other factors, can promote healthy lifestyles. There is evidence to suggest that changes in the environment can have a significant impact on opportunities for participation and in addition, the conditions under which the activity is taking place can heavily impact on health outcomes. Elements that may be determinants on health include nutrition, intensity and type of physical activity, appropriate footwear and clothing, climate, injury, stress levels and sleep patterns. Sport and physical activity can make a substantial contribution to the well-being of people in developing countries. Exercise, physical activity and sport have long been used in the treatment and rehabilitation of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Physical activity for individuals is a strong means for the prevention of diseases and for nations is a cost-effective method to improve public health across populations.