Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of throat washings on detection of 2019 novel coronavirus

Abstract The 2019 novel coronavirus was detected in the self-collected throat washings. Positive testing rate of throat washing was much higher than that of Nasopharyngeal swabs. Throat washing is a promising candidate for 2019-nCoV screening and monitoring due to its noninvasive and reliability.
Steady‐state sweating during exercise is determined by the evaporative requirement for heat balance independently of absolute core and skin temperatures

When exercise was prescribed to elicit a fixed evaporative heat balance requirement (Ereq), no differences in steady‐state sweat rates were observed with different absolute oesophageal and/or skin temperatures, secondary to differences in time of the day (i.e. morning (AM) vs. afternoon (PM)) and ambient temperature (i.e. 23°C vs. 33°C). Exercise at a fixed metabolic heat production (Hprod), but a different Ereq (due to differences in air temperature), yielded higher steady‐state sweat rates with a higher Ereq, irrespective of absolute oesophageal temperature. Circadian rhythm did not alter the change in core temperature prior to the onset for sudomotor activation, nor the thermosensitivity, resulting in similar cumulative whole‐body sweat rates irrespective of time of day at a fixed Ereq. Collectively, these data indicate that during exercise in a compensable environment, steady‐state sudomotor responses are influenced by Ereq rather than absolute core and skin temperatures, or Hprod.
Autophagy: an essential but limited cellular process for timely skeletal muscle recovery from injury

ABSTRACT Macroautophagy/autophagy induction, i.e., the formation of autophagosomes, is robust following many forms of muscle injury. Autophagy inhibition studies strongly indicate that autophagy is necessary for successful muscle fiber recovery. Now, there are accumulating pieces of evidence indicating that autophagosome clearance, i.e., autophagy flux, does not increase to match the burden of accumulating damaged proteins and organelles after muscle fiber damage, creating a bottleneck effect. Some potential consequences of the bottleneck effect are reduced regenerative capacity marked by the inadequate activation of muscle stem cells (i.e., satellite cells) and a lesser commitment toward differentiation due to a deficiency in energetic substrates and/or molecular signaling pathways. These findings highlight an emerging area of investigation for both autophagy and muscle regeneration fields. The identification of the molecular mechanisms governing autophagy and autophagy flux may serve as targets for future therapies to enhance the recovery of its function in healthy and diseased muscle. Abbreviations BNIP3: BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3; CQ: chloroquine; DMD: Duchenne muscular dystrophy; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1.
Mate Choice Behavior of Female Field Crickets Is Not Affected by Exposure to Heterospecific Calling Songs

Abstract Many animals produce acoustic signals to mark territories and attract mates. When different species produce acoustic signals simultaneously, the ject.org/web/pasignals create a noisy environment, with potential acoustic interference between species. Theoretical studies suggest that such reproductive interference may have strong effects on species interaction. For example, the inferior resource competitor can survive if its disadvantage is counterbalanced by superiority in reproductive interference. Two field cricket species, Teleogryllus occipitalis (Audinet-Serville) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and Loxoblemmus equestris Saussure (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), cooccur in the same habitat. A previous study has shown that L. equestris is an inferior species to T. occipitalis in terms of resource competition. Therefore, we predicted that mate location and choice behavior of female T. occipitalis would be negatively affected by the acoustic signals of L. equestris and tested this with a series of playback experiments.The mate choice behavior of female T. occipitalis was not significantly affected by the calling song of L. equestris. Our results suggest that the acoustic interference does not explain the cooccurrence of the two species in the same habitat.
Analysis of accessibility to emergency rooms by dynamic population from mobile phone data: Geography of social inequity in South Korea

Accessibility of emergency medical care is one of the crucial factors in evaluating national primary medical care systems. While many studies have focused on this issue, there was a fundamental limit to the measurement of accessibility of emergency rooms, because the commonly used census-based population data are difficult to provide realistic information in terms of time and space. In this study, we evaluated the geographical accessibility of emergency rooms in South Korea by using dynamic population counts from mobile phone data. Such population counts were more accurate and up-to-date because they are obtained by aggregating the number of mobile phone users in a 50-by-50 m grid of a locational field, weighted by stay time. Considering both supply and demand of emergency rooms, the 2-step floating catchment analysis was implemented. As a result, urban areas, including the capital city Seoul, showed lower accessibility to emergency rooms, whereas rural areas recorded higher accessibility. This result was contrary to the results analyzed by us based on census-based population data: higher accessibility in urban areas and lower in rural. This implies that using solely census data for accessibility analysis could lead to certain errors, and adopting mobile-based population data would represent the real-world situations for solving problems of social inequity in primary medical care.
Reproductive Health Indicators Among Women with Celiac Disease in Sudan at Ibn Sina Specialized Hospital from December 2014 to June 2015

Background: Celiac disease is an immune-mediated mucosal disorder primarily affecting the small intestine in genetically-susceptible individuals. It may be triggered by dietary exposure to gluten. In some patients, extra-intestinal or autoimmune changes may occur, as hepatobiliary, neurological, or endocrine disorders. The aim to study the reproductive health indicators among Sudanese female with celiac disease (15-45 years) and to determine menstrual pattern, infertility status as well as obstetrical outcome among those women at Ibn sina specialized hospital from December 2014 to June 2015. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive analytic hospital based study, carried out at Ibn sina specialized hospital, conducted from December 2014 to June 2015, included 81 women, diagnosed as celiac disease, attended celiac clinic during the study period. The data was collected using a questionnaire by me after agreed informative consent and analyzed by computer using SPSS program (20). Results: 32 (39.5%) of women were between 25-34 years and 58 (71.6%) of women were on strict gluten diet. 52 (64.1%) of women had menarche after age of 16, 30 (37%) experienced oligomenorrhoea and 2 (2.5%) had secondary amenorrhoea and their menstrual pattern was improved with gluten free diet (P value 0.002), 36 (44.4%) of women were married, 21 (58.3%) of these women experienced difficulty in conceiving which affected by the duration of their disease(P value 0.000), 23 (63.9%), 21(58.3%) had past history of miscarriage and pregnancy induced hypertension respectively. Conclusion: celiac disease has a significant role in women reproductive health, in the form of delay menarche, a change of menstrual pattern, difficulty in conceiving, and poor obstetric outcome such as miscarriage and pregnancy induced hypertension.
Response of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) to sulphur

In a field trial in 1993-94 on a sandy loam soil at Kalyani, West Bengal, India, groundnuts cv. JL 24, ICGS 11 and ICGS 44 were given 0, 20 or 40 kg S/ha as gypsum or pyrites. Seed and oil yields increased with increasing S rate, with gypsum being more effective than pyrites. ICGS 44 gave the highest seed and oil yields, followed by JL 24, then ICGS 11.
Early Valuable Risk Stratification with Hemoglobin Level and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Having an Early Invasive Strategy

Objective: The complete blood count is the most widely available laboratory data in the early in-hospital period after acute myocardial infarction. We assessed the clinical utility of the combined use of hemoglobin (Hb) level and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N/L) for early risk stratification in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: We analyzed 6,157 consecutive patients with non-STEMI (65±12.4 years, male 69%) were included in the final analysis. Patients were categorized into 3 groups by using the median value of N/L (4.42) and the presence of anemia (Hb <13 mg/dL in men and <12 mg/ dL in women): group I, low N/L & no anemia (n=3,170); group II, no group I or III (n=2,168); group III, high N/L & anemia (n=819). Results: There were significant differences on clinical outcomes during 180-day follow-up among 3 groups. The prognostic discriminatory capacity of the combined use of Hb level and N/L was also significant in high-risk subgroups, such as patients with a renal dysfunction, multivessel coronary disease, low ejection fraction, and even in those having higher mortality risk based on the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score. In a multi-variate logistic regression, after adjusting for multiple covariates, group III had higher incidence of major adverse cardiac events at 180-day (hazard ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.5– 4.0;p≤0.001) compared with group I. Conclusions: The combined use of Hb level and N/L provides valuable timely information for early risk stratification in patients with non-STEMI.
Distribution and Geochemical Controls of Arsenic and Uranium in Groundwater-Derived Drinking Water in Bihar, India

Chronic exposure to groundwater containing elevated concentrations of geogenic contaminants such as arsenic (As) and uranium (U) can lead to detrimental health impacts. In this study, we have undertaken a groundwater survey of representative sites across all districts of the State of Bihar, in the Middle Gangetic Plain of north-eastern India. The aim is to characterize the inorganic major and trace element aqueous geochemistry in groundwater sources widely used for drinking in Bihar, with a particular focus on the spatial distribution and associated geochemical controls on groundwater As and U. Concentrations of As and U are highly heterogeneous across Bihar, exceeding (provisional) guideline values in ~16% and 7% of samples (n = 273), respectively. The strongly inverse correlation between As and U is consistent with the contrasting redox controls on As and U mobility. High As is associated with Fe, Mn, lower Eh and is depth-dependent; in contrast, high U is associated with HCO3−, NO3− and higher Eh. The improved understanding of the distribution and geochemical controls on As and U in Bihar has important implications on remediation priorities and selection, and may contribute to informing further monitoring and/or representative characterization efforts in Bihar and elsewhere in India.
Evolution of Volatile and Phenolic Compounds during Bottle Storage of Merlot Wines Vinified Using Pulsed Electric Fields-Treated Grapes

This study aimed to elucidate changes in volatile, phenolic, and oenological profiles of wines vinified from Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF)-treated and untreated Merlot grapes during bottle storage of up to 150, 90, and 56 days at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 45 °C, respectively, through chemometrics technique. Wines produced from untreated grapes and those PEF-treated at four different processing conditions (electric field strength 33.1 and 41.5 kV/cm and energy inputs between 16.5 and 49.4 kJ/kg) were used for the bottle storage study. Results showed that hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids in all stored wines, regardless vinified from untreated and PEF-treated grapes, increased as a function of time and temperature, while anthocyanins and selected esters (e.g., ethyl butanoate) decreased. Extreme storage temperature, at 45 °C particularly, resulted in a higher amount of linalool-3, 7-oxide in all stored wines. After prolonged storage, all wines produced from grapes PEF-treated with four different processing conditions were shown to favor high retention of phenolics after storage but induced faster reduction of anthocyanins when compared to wines produced from untreated grapes. Moreover, some volatiles in wines vinified using PEF-treated grapes, such as citronellol and 2-phenylethyl acetate, were found to be less susceptible towards degradation during prolonged storage. Production of furans was generally lower in most stored wines, particularly those produced from PEF-treated grapes at higher energy inputs (>47 kJ/kg). Overall, PEF pre-treatment on grapes may improve storage and temperature stability of the obtained wines.
Excellent Outcomes Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome: A PIDTC Report.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked disease caused by mutations in the WAS gene leading to thrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent infections, autoimmune disease, and malignancy. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the primary curative approach, with the goal of correcting the underlying immunodeficiency and thrombocytopenia. HCT outcomes have improved over time, particularly for patients with HLA-matched sibling and unrelated donors. Here we report the outcomes of 129 patients with WAS who underwent HCT at 29 Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium centers between 2005 and 2015. Median age at HCT was 1.2 years. Most patients (65%) received myeloablative busulfan-based conditioning. With a median follow-up of 4.5 years, the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 91%. Superior 5-year OS was observed in patients <5 vs. ≥5 years old at the time of HCT (94% vs. 66%, overall p=0.0008). OS was excellent regardless of donor type even in cord blood recipients (90%). Conditioning intensity did not impact OS, but was associated with donor T-cell and myeloid engraftment post-HCT. Specifically, patients who received fludarabine/melphalan-based reduced-intensity regimens were more likely to have donor myeloid chimerism <50% early post-HCT. In addition, higher platelet counts were observed among recipients who achieved full (>95%) versus low-level (5%-49%) donor myeloid engraftment. In summary, HCT outcomes for WAS have improved since 2005 compared to prior reports. HCT at a younger age continues to be associated with superior outcomes supporting the recommendation for early HCT. High-level donor myeloid engraftment is important for platelet reconstitution following either myeloablative or busulfan-containing reduced intensity conditioning. (www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02064933.).
Microsatellites: Evolution and Applications

1: Hancock: Microsatellites and other simple sequences 2: Kashi and Soller: Functional roles of microsatellites and minisatellites 3: Armour et al: Microsatellites and mutation processes in tandemly repetitive DNA 4: Eisen: Mechanistic basis for microsatellite instability 5: Estoup and Cornuet: Microsatellite evolution: inferences from population data 6: Amos: A comparative approach to the study of microsatellite evolution 7: Rubinsztein: Trinucleotide expansion mutations cause diseases which do not conform to Mendelian expectations 8: Feldman: Mutation and migration in models of microsatellite evolution 9: Donnelly: The coalescent and microsatellite variability 10: Reich and Goldstein: Estimating the age of mutations using variation of linked markers 11: Chakraborty and Kimmel: Statistics of microsatellite loci: Estimation of mutation rate and pattern of population expansion 12: Pemberton et al: Using microsatellites to measure the fitness consequences of inbreeding and outbreeding 13: Beaumont and Bruford: Microsatellites in conservation genetics 14: Linares: Microsatellites and the reconstruction of the history of human populations 15: Balding: Forensic applications of microsatellite markers 16: Stephens et al: Tracking linkage disequilibrium in advanced population with microsatellite loci 17: Carrington et al: Microsatellite markers in complex disease: mapping disease - associated regions within the human MHC 18: Schlotterer and Wiehe: Microsatellites: a neutral marker to infer selective sweeps 19: Karafet et al: Y chromosome microsatellite haplotypes and the history of Samoyed-speaking populations in N-W Siberia 20: Shibata: MS analysis of human tumours.
The Relationship Between Formal Evaluations and Online Adjunct Faculty Teaching Practices

The Relationship Between Formal Evaluations and Online Adjunct Faculty Teaching Practices by Euwanna Antoinette Heard MSN, Bowie State University, 2007 BSN, Bowie State University, 2005 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University August 2018
MicroPET: a high resolution PET scanner for imaging small animals

MicroPET is a high resolution positron emission tomography (PET) scanner designed for imaging small laboratory animals. It consists of a ring of 30 position-sensitive scintillation detectors, each with an 8/spl times/8 array of small lutetium oxyonhosilicate (LSO) crystals coupled via optical fibers to a multi-channel photomultiplier tube. The detectors have an intrinsic resolution averaging 1.68 mm, an energy resolution between 15 and 25% and 2.4 ns timing resolution at 511 keV. The detector ring diameter of microPET is 17.2 cm with an imaging field of view of 112 mm transaxially by 18 mm axially. The scanner has no septa and operates exclusively in 3D mode. Reconstructed image resolution 1 cm from the center of the scanner is 2.0 mm and virtually isotropic, yielding a volume resolution of 8 mm/sup 3/ For comparison, the volume resolution of state-of-the-art clinical PET systems is in the range of 50-75 mm/sup 3/. Initial images of phantoms have been acquired and are reported. A computer controlled bed is under construction and will incorporate a small wobble motion to improve spatial sampling. This is projected to further enhance spatial resolution. MicroPET is the first PET scanner to incorporate the new scintillator LSO and to our knowledge is the highest resolution multi-ring PET scanner currently in existence.
The Curative HCV Treatments in China

Hepatitis C disease is caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) which causes chronic infections in about 180 million individuals worldwide. HCV has been identified as the etiologic agent of hepatitis C in 1989 and for the longest time it is very difficult to treat chronic carriers who are at risk of developing severe liver disease. Now there are three main combined treatments which can increase curative ratio from 10% to more than 90%. The advents of so called directly, acting antivirals (DAAs) in the last few years has revolutionized HCV treatment as these drug combinations can effectively cure HCV in the great majority of patients. The impact of DAAs on global disease burden has been limited, however, by the very drug prices. In this paper the situation was analyzed in China, Europe and Australia. DAAs have been made available to patients in Europe and Australia for several years and are generally accessible. The treatment is highly subsidized by the government, thereby making it possible for all patients in need to access therapy. DAAs have only been very recently been adopted for treatment of chronic hepatitis C in China. In our research, only the method of literature search from both Chinese websites and Foreign websites including journals, magazines and internet search is used. We analyze and compare the solutions that each of these countries is providing to their respective patient populations. Given the large number of chronic HCV carriers in China and other less developed countries solutions have to be found to produce DAAs most cost effectively.
Study on Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Obese Individuals at Government Vellore Medical College and Hospital, Vellore

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance represents an insensitivity of peripheral tissues to the effect of insulin. Insulin resistance is strongly predictive of the development of type 2 Diabetes. Obese individuals with insulin resistance have shown increased prevalence of abnormalities of glucose metabolism. Given that insulin resistance represents an important risk factor for development of type 2 Diabetes. Identification of adults with insulin resistance has been proposed as a strategy for identifying high risk adult for targeted diabetes prevention intervention. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1.To study the prevalence of insulin resistance among non-diabetic obese individuals. 2. To study the factors determining the insulin resistance among non-diabetic obese individuals. METHODS: Obese individuals between the age group 20 years and 50 years, who attend medical OPD for minor ailments are included in the study. All participants are explained about the study and informed consent is obtained. Individuals who meet the inclusion criteria are subjected to detailed history, physical examination, bio chemical and radiological investigations as per the well-designed proforma. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16 software. The difference between various parameters was considered statistically significant when the p value < 0.05. RESULTS: 120 obese individually who attended the medical out-patient department for minor ailments were included in the study. The prevalence of insulin resistance among non-diabetic obese individuals is 68.3%. In the insulin resistant group, males outnumbered the female population and the male to female ratio is 1.3:1. Individuals in the Insulin Resistant group have significantly high age when compared with the Non-Insulin Resistant group. The insulin resistance in smoker is significantly more than the non-smokers. Of the 120 obese individuals, Acanthosis Nigricans was present in about 73 individuals. There is an increase in insulin resistance with an increase in the class of Acanthosis Nigricans. Skin tags are present in about 72 individuals. On comparison of the various lipids between the insulin resistant and non-resistant group, it is found that the total cholesterol and triglycerides shows significant variation. But there is no significant difference in LDL and HDL values between the two groups. The TSH values and Uric acid values of the insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant group are compared and showed a significant increase in insulin resistant group. CONCLUSION: There is an increased prevalence of insulin resistance among non-diabetic obese individuals. Increase in age, male sex, smoking, family history of Diabetes, physical markers like Acanthosis Nigricans and skin tags showed significant difference between the insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant groups.