Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Service Quality on Emotional Satisfaction in Game Lodges

Purpose: Service quality in game lodges context elicit customers’ emotional satisfaction, which subsequently influences consumer behavior such as revisit intentions and WOM recommendations. Service quality research has paid more focus on cognitive dimensions of customer satisfaction, giving little attention on affective or customer emotional satisfaction. Hence, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of service quality on tourists’ emotional satisfaction residing in star rated game lodges at Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya. Methodology: The study adopted epistemological research philosophy guided by positivism paradigm with a quantitative and a cross sectional survey research design. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the respondents and data was collected using structured questionnaires that were administered to 312 respondents drawn from visitors who resided in star rated game lodges at Masai Mara national reserve and its conservancies in Kenya. Data was analyzed using structural equation model that tested hypothesis and the relationship between service quality and emotional satisfaction. Data was presented in the form of tables and figures. Findings: The findings suggest that in the context of game lodges, service quality is important for developing customer emotional satisfaction. The study results support a positive and significant relationship between service quality and emotional satisfaction. Recommendations: The study contributes immensely to the theoretical background on service marketing by providing thorough examination of the service quality and its influence on emotional satisfaction. The influence of service quality on emotional or affective aspects of customer satisfaction in game lodges context allied to value- percept display theory is rare. Thus, this study broadens the domain of value- percept display theory that has received little attention. The managers in game lodges should identify and improve on the service quality dimensions that make the most significant contribution to emotional satisfaction. This is a significant input to the service marketing especially in the little researched area in service quality perceptions and emotional responses among the traditional, domestic and the emerging tourism markets in game lodges in Kenya.
Tatouage numérique des images dans le domaine des ondelettes basé sur la décomposition en valeurs singulières et l'optimisation multi-objective

Since the extraordinary technical revolution from analog to digital at the end of 20 century, digital documents have become increasingly used because of their inexpensive and extremely fast diffusion. However, this passage from analog to digital has not been done without causing anxiety in terms of copyrights. Unauthorized people can appropriate digital documents to make profits at the expense of the legitimate owners of the initial rights, since their contents can be easily copied, modified and distributed without risk of being altered. In this context, in the early 1990s a new technique was introduced which is based mainly on cryptography and steganography, it's consists in inscribing a watermark into a digital document. This technique is called digital watermarking, in french tatouage numérique. This thesis presents five different contributions relative to digital watermarking and to image processing. The first contribution consist in two new solutions to the problem of false positive detection of the watermark observed in some watermarking algorithms based on singular value decomposition. One of the proposed solution is based on hash functions while the other uses image encryption. The second contribution is new image encryption algorithm based on the principle of the Rubik's cube. The third contribution is the design of new watermarking algorithm based on lifting wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. A single scaling factor is used to control the strength of the embedded watermark and thus allows for best compromise between watermark robustness and imperceptibility. However, using multiple scaling factors, instead of single scaling factor, is more efficient [CKLS97]. Determining the optimals values of multiples scaling factors is a very difficult and complex problem. In order to find thoses optimal values, we studied a multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization (MOGAO) and a multi-objective ant colony optimization (MOACO) : those are considered as the fourth and fifth contributions of this thesis.
Determining the effect of one decade on fitness of elite Austrian youth soccer players using propensity score matching

Current trends in attacking strategies and increases in external workload have led to a need for fast and well-conditioned athletes in modern soccer. More recently, progressions in speed, coordination, power and endurance were found over a decade in elite Austrian youth players. However, possible confounders such as relative age, maturation, learning effects, and academy philosophy may have influenced these changes. The present study aimed to determine the decade effect on fitness under statistical control of players' exact age, height, body mass, test location as well as total number of pretests and time interval between test and pretest. Players annually completed a battery of anthropometric, general and soccer-specific fitness tests. MANCOVA was calculated to identify the overall impacts of the covariates on fitness. To balance the covariates of initially 2,530 “former” (2002 to 2005) and 2,611 “recent” (2012 to 2015) players, 1:1 nearest neighbor propensity score (PS) matching was used, resulting in 587 U13, 573 U14, 475 U15, 325 U16, 262 U17, and 129 U18 matched pairs. The decade effect on fitness was assessed by independent t-tests and Cohen's d separately at each age group. Superior performances of recent players were found for linear sprint across all age categories (d = 0.154–0.476) as well as for agility (d = 0.125–0.340) and change-of-direction speed (d = 0.172–0.466) in U15 to U18. Reaction speed increased in U13 (d = 0.288) and U15 (d = 0.310). Flexibility reduced over the decade in all age categories (d = −0.151 to −0.589) and upper-limb power decreased (d = −0.278 to −0.347) in U13 and U14. Balancing the covariate distribution via PS matching generally confirmed previous findings, with fitness decade effects reflecting the athletic needs for modern soccer. Since fitness performance changed over time, reference values should be periodically updated. Coaches favor both physical and cognitive fast players nowadays. Thus, training should target all aspects of speed, without disregarding flexibility, upper-limb power and other preventive strategies that keep the players on the pitch.
The effect of using different computational system modeling approaches on applying systems thinking

This paper discusses the potential of two computational modeling approaches in moving students from simple linear causal reasoning to applying more complex aspects of systems thinking (ST) in explanations of scientific phenomena. While linear causal reasoning can help students understand some natural phenomena, it may not be sufficient for understanding more complex issues such as global warming and pandemics, which involve feedback, cyclic patterns, and equilibrium. In contrast, ST has shown promise as an approach for making sense of complex problems. To facilitate ST, computational modeling tools have been developed, but it is not clear to what extent different approaches promote specific aspects of ST and whether scaffolding such thinking should start with supporting students first in linear causal reasoning before moving to more complex causal dimensions. This study compares two computational modeling approaches, static equilibrium and system dynamics modeling, and their potential to engage students in applying ST aspects in their explanations of the evaporative cooling phenomenon. To make such a comparison we analyzed 10th grade chemistry students’ explanations of the phenomenon as they constructed and used both modeling approaches. The findings suggest that using a system dynamics approach prompts more complex reasoning aligning with ST aspects. However, some students remain resistant to the application of ST and continue to favor linear causal explanations with both modeling approaches. This study provides evidence for the potential of using system dynamics models in applying ST. In addition, the results raise questions about whether linear causal reasoning may serve as a scaffold for engaging students in more sophisticated types of reasoning.
The efficacy of physical therapy interventions in carpal tunnel syndrome: A narrative review

Background : The medical condition known as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) occurs when the median nerve at the wrist joint is being compressed and is the most frequent form of nerve entrapment-related peripheral neuropathy. The purpose of the present review was to examine the evidence that was available on the clinical benefits of various treatments for CTS. Method : Electronic research was conducted in Google Scholar, Pub Med, and Springer Link, in English and Greek language. Randomized controlled studies in either English or Greek language were included in the review, and there was no limitation to the publication date. The trials were required to focus on CTS and include the use of physical therapy, electrotherapy, or rehabilitation as key interventions. Results : 10 studies each comparing a different treatment modality with either a control or alternative treatment, conducted by various authors, and published in different journals were included. The studies evaluated the performance of radial shock wave therapy, pulsed radiofrequency, interferential current therapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, high-intensity Laser, low-level laser therapy, manual therapy, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy. The primary outcomes assessed in the studies were pain, electrophysiological parameters, and functional improvement. Conclusions : The implementation of a physiotherapy program appears to be advantageous to the rehabilitation of CTS patients. Ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency, radial shock wave therapy, interferential current therapy, and Laser therapy were associated with greater improvement in symptoms than TENS. Manual Therapy techniques have a greater impact on pain reduction and patients’ functional capacity when compared to all the above electrotherapy approaches.
Training Need Assessment of rice farmers regarding weeds and their management in Punjab, Pakistan

The training needs of rice growers in Punjab, Pakistan were assessed regarding the production technology used in growing rice. Total 332 rice growers were selected through random sampling technique from tehsil Nowshera Virkan, district Gujranwala and interviewed accordingly through a face-to-face interview technique. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings indicated that farmers had adequate awareness about the weeds and their management. The demonstration was the most effective technique as used by the extension field staff to create awareness among farmers about weeds management. Social media and electronic media use were appeared least effective. This indicates that farmers were more convenient with the traditional technique of creating awareness. Regarding training needs, Rice farmers had maximum training needs regarding chemical control and identification of rice weeds. Resourceful, cost-effective, and timely weed management options are pivotal to making rice crop profitable. Thus, Agriculture Department, Punjab should be aimed at empowering the rice farmers technically, to train them through both conventional approaches (i.e. demonstration plots) and technology-led approaches (i.e. Information Communication Technologies (ICTs), social media and electronic media).
Asymptotic expansion of the Hankel transform with explicit remainder terms

be the K-transform off In recent years various techniques have been developed to obtain explicit expressions for the remainder in the asymptotic expansions of functions defined by (1.1) as x —> oo. A survey of such techniques is given by Wong [17]. It is well known that under some reasonable assumptions on / and K, the Parseval relation for the Mellin transform provides a powerful tool for obtaining the asymptotic expansion of F(x). However, until recently the potential of this technique for obtaining an explicit expression for the remainder had been largely overlooked. If M[K, s] is the Mellin transform of K evaluated at s, M\_f 1 — s] is the Mellin transform of/evaluated at 1 — s, and the integrals defining these transforms converge in a strip containing the line Re s = c then, formally, by the Parseval relation,
Test-Time Model Adaptation for Visual Question Answering With Debiased Self-Supervisions

Visual question answering (VQA) is a prevalent task in real-world, and plays an essential role in helping the blind understand the physical world. However, due to the real-world complexity, VQA test samples may come from a different distribution from the training data, resulting in unavoidable performance degradation. This similar issue also exists in the image recognition field, in which one most recent effective solutions is a test-time adaptation (TTA). TTA adapts a trained model at test time using only test samples, which provides a new idea to alleviate the analogous issue in VQA. However, naively introducing existing TTA methods (e.g., test-time entropy minimisation) into VQA is imperfect and achieves only marginal performance gain. The reason is that prior methods do not consider the special nature of the VQA problem and ignore that 1) the biased samples in the dataset may have negative effects on test-time model adaptation, and 2) the model may have captured the biases in the dataset. In this paper, we propose Test-time Debiased Self-supervised (TDS) learning objectives for VQA model adaptation. Specifically, we minimise the entropy for those unbiased test samples. To identify these samples, we construct a negative sample for each test sample, and regard the test samples as unbiased if the output answers are different when feeding the test sample and the counterpart negative sample into the VQA model. Meanwhile, we also remove those samples with high prediction entropy from adaptation, making the test-time gradients more reliable. To hinder the model from excessively fitting the superficial correlations of the biased sample, we adopt the biased samples and the counterpart negative samples to assist the adaptation. Extensive experiments on the VQA-CP v1 and VQA-CP v2 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our TDS.
$D$-dimensions of algebraic surfaces and numerically effective divisors

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Imputation Based Treatment Effect Estimators

The problem of counterfactual and control group is at the core of impactÂ evaluation. Almost all existing methods aim to find the best control group toÂ compare with the treated group. The aim of this study is to use imputationÂ methods to estimate counterfactual and derive average treatment effect estimatorsÂ from the data sets completed using the basic definition of treatment effectÂ described in Rubin framework. The estimators obtained are called ImputationÂ Based Treatment Effects estimators. A number of imputation methods are tested,Â among them there is Maximum likelihood, Multiple Imputation, Linear andÂ Quantile regressions. Using simulations and bootstrap methodology, we found thatÂ the best imputation methods (data reconstruction) in the framework of impactÂ evaluation are Quantile regression and Multiple Imputation. We also found thatÂ our estimators (taking average) obtained from data imputed are convergent andÂ can perform as well as average treatment effects estimators obtained fromÂ classical methods such as Difference in Difference and Propensity Score Matching. Â Imputation Based Treatment Effect estimators are then tested on a programÂ (Lalonde data) and the results show that they can perform as well as existingÂ estimators and even better in certain cases especially when there is a shortage inÂ data.Mathematics Subject Classification: 62M10Keywords: Average Bias, Estimator, Impact, Imputation, Treatment Effect
INTRADURAL EXTRAMEDULLARY SPINAL CORD TUMORS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF LOCATIONS, TUMOR TYPES, AND SURGICAL OUTCOME.

Dr. Sandeep Inchnalkar 1 , Dr. Kashif Ansari 2 , Dr. Suraj Mahadik 2 and Dr. Nikunj Shekhada 2 . 1. Mch (neurosurgery). 2. surgery post graduate. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Effect of Silymarin on Carbon-Tetra Chloride Induced Parotid and Submandibular Salivary Glands Damage in rats.

Introduction: Herbal extracts have shown protective efficacy on organs toxicity. Carbon-tetra chloride (CCl4) induce the production of free radical. Silymarin has potent cytoprotecting antioxidant effects. Aim: was to investigate the role of Silymarin in lowering the cytotoxic effect of CCL4 on the salivary glands of rats . Materials and methods: Thirty-six rats were randomly assigned into three equal groups: Group I (Control) received (1 ml) saline orally for 21 days. Group II: (CCl4) received saline orally for 15 days followed by CCl4 (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) twice per week until day 21. Group III: (Silymarin+CCl4) received silymarin (25 mg/kg, oral) orally for 15 days followed by CCl4 (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) till day 21. Rats were euthanized after 21 days; after dissecting the salivary glands, they were prepared for routine H&E and immunohistochemical evaluation for caspase-3. Lastly, the antioxidant marker Reduced glutathione (GSH), the oxidative stress markers Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Nitric Oxide (NO) were assessed. Results: The histological results revealed acinar and ductal apoptotic changes in the CCl4 group. In group III, the degenerative changes induced by CCl4 were reduced. CCl4 in group II significantly increased NO and MDA levels as well as decreased GSH levels. Silymarin significantly decreased NO and MDA, while increased GSH compared to group II. Caspase-3 immunoexpression was lower in Group III compared to CCl4 group . Conclusions: Silymarin has a protective antioxidant activity on the salivary glands that reduces the toxic effects produced by CCl4.
Modeling rogue waves in deep water

The evolution of surface waves in deep water is governed by the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. Spatially periodic breathers (SPBs) and rational solutions of the NLS equation are used as typical models for rogue waves since they exhibit many features of rogue waves. A major component of the dissertation is the stability of solutions of the NLS equation. We address the stability of the rational solutions of the NLS equation used to model rogue waves using squared eigenfunctions of the associated Lax Pair. This allows us to contrast to the existing results for SPBs. The stability of the constant amplitude solution of the higher order NLS (HONLS) equation with additional novel perturbations, relevant to our subsequent study on downshifting, is considered next. In addition to the higher order perturbations, we include linear effects and nonlinear damping of the mean flow to the HONLS equation. In addition to stability, we discuss rogue waves and downshifting. Permanent downshifting occurs when energy if permanently transferred from the initially dominant mode to lower modes and is observed in physical experiments and field studies of deep water waves. Although these experimental observations are well documented, neither NLS nor HONLS equations describe this behavior. Nonlinear damping of the mean flow, included in our stud-
Effects of Internet Sales Promotion on a Differential Advertising Model

Advertising and sales promotion are two important specific marketing communications tools. In this paper, Internet sales promotion is introduced into a differential advertising model and investigated quantitatively. The conditions for the existence and stability of periodic solutions are obtained. Flip bifurcation of periodic solution is investigated analytically. The results show that the sales promotion parameter can modify the stability of the differential advertising model and lead to chaos through flip bifurcation, the sales level will eventually be no less than a given value by adjusting the value of the sales promotion parameter, and the optimal sales promotion strategy can lead to maximum profit. Numerical results for periodic solutions, bifurcation diagrams, and the effects of sales promotion strategies, which are illustrated with an example, are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. These results have certain significant theoretical and practical value in related markets.
Global existence and asymptotic stability in a competitive two-species chemotaxis system with two signals

We consider the two-species-two-chemical chemotaxis system \begin{document}$\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_t}\; = \Delta u - {\chi _1}\nabla \cdot (u\nabla v) + {\mu _1}u(1 - u - {a_1}w),\;\;\;\;\;\;\;x \in \Omega ,t > 0,\\{u_t}\; = \Delta v - v + w,\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;x \in \Omega ,t > 0,\\{w_t}\; = \Delta w - {\chi _2}\nabla \cdot (w\nabla z) + {\mu _2}w(1 - w - {a_2}u),\;\;\;x \in \Omega ,t > 0,\\{z_t}\; = \Delta z - z + u,\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;x \in \Omega ,t > 0,\end{array} \right. $ \end{document} where \begin{document} $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ \end{document} is a bounded domain with smooth boundary. The system models Lotka-Volterra competition of two species coupled with an additional chemotactic influence. In this model each species is attracted by the signal produced by the other. We firstly show that if \begin{document} $n=2$ \end{document} and the parameters in the system above are positive, the solution to the corresponding Neumann initial-boundary value problem, emanating from appropriately regular and nonnegative initial data, is global and bounded. Furthermore, we prove asymptotic stabilization of arbitrary global bounded solutions for any \begin{document} $n≥q2$ \end{document} , in the sense that: • If \begin{document} $a_1 , \begin{document} $a_2 and both \begin{document} $\frac{μ_1}{χ_1^2}$ \end{document} and \begin{document} $\frac{μ_2}{χ_2^2}$ \end{document} are sufficiently large, then any global solution satisfying \begin{document} $u\not\equiv0\not\equiv w$ \end{document} converges towards the unique positive spatially homogeneous equilibrium of the system given above. and • If \begin{document} $a_1≥q 1$ \end{document} , \begin{document} $a_2 and \begin{document} $\frac{μ_2}{χ_2^2}$ \end{document} is sufficiently large any global solution satisfying \begin{document} $w\not\equiv0$ \end{document} tends to \begin{document} $(0,1,1,0)$ \end{document} as \begin{document} $t\to∞$ \end{document} .