Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Persistent Symptoms and Residual Abnormal Functioning following Acute COVID-19: Ongoing Symptomatic Phase vs. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome

Objective | To compare the two phases of long COVID, namely ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 (OSC; signs and symptoms from 4 to 12 weeks from initial infection) and post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS; signs and symptoms beyond 12 weeks) with respect to symptomatology, abnormal functioning, psychological burden, and quality of life. Design | Systematic review. Data Sources | Electronic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest Coronavirus Research Database, LitCOVID, and Google Scholar between January and April 2021, and manual search for relevant citations from review articles. Eligibility Criteria | Cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, randomised control trials, and case-control studies with participant data concerning long COVID symptomatology or abnormal functioning. Data Extraction | Studies were screened and assessed for risk of bias by two independent reviewers, with conflicts resolved with a third reviewer. The AXIS tool was utilised to appraise the quality of the evidence. Data were extracted and collated using a data extraction tool in Microsoft Excel. Results | Of the 1,145 studies screened, 39 were included, all describing adult cohorts with long COVID and sample sizes ranging from 32 to 1,733. Studies included data pertaining to symptomatology, pulmonary functioning, chest imaging, cognitive functioning, psychological disorder, and/or quality of life. Fatigue presented as the most prevalent symptom during both OSC and PCS at 43% and 44%, respectively. Sleep disorder (36%; 33%), dyspnoea (31%; 40%), and cough (26%; 22%) followed in prevalence. Abnormal spirometry (FEV1 <80% predicted) was observed in 15% and 11%, and abnormal chest imaging observed in 34% and 28%, respectively. Cognitive impairments were also evident (20%; 15%), as well as anxiety (28%; 34%) and depression (25%; 32%). Decreased quality of life was reported by 40% of patients with OSC and 57% by those with PCS. Conclusions | The prevalences of OSC and PCS were highly variable. Reported symptoms covered a wide range of body systems, with general overlap in frequencies between the two phases. However, abnormalities in lung function and imaging seemed to be more common in OSC, whilst anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life seemed more frequent in PCS. In general, the quality of the evidence was moderate and further research is needed to better understand the complex interplay of somatic versus psychosocial drivers in long COVID. Systematic Review Registration | Registered with PROSPERO with ID #CRD42021247846.
A Systematic Review: The Dimensions and Indicators utilized in the Performance Evaluation of Health Care Organizations- An Implication during COVID-19 Pandemic

This systematic review aims to identify the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) which are the most frequently used and important in the Performance Evaluation (PE) of Health Care Organizations (HCOs). Also, it aimed to analyze the resulted Balanced Scorecard (BSC) dimensions during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) era. This systematic review was prepared according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases, as well as Google search engine, were inspected to find all implementations of BSC at HCOs until 20 September 2020. The Risk of Bias (RoB) was assessed for each included article. The eligible studies were 33, in which 36 BSC implementations were identified. The categorization and re-grouping of the 797 KPIs resulted in 13 major-dimensions: The financial, efficiency and effectiveness, availability and quality of supplies and services, managerial tasks, Health Care Workers (HCWs) scientific development error-free and safety, the time, HCW-centeredness, patient-centeredness, technology and information system, community care and reputation, HCO building, and the communication. Under them, 45 sub-dimension were identified. The high RoB in most implementations was due to the selection bias. None of the 36 BSC implementations was utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review solves the dilemma of categorization differences among BSC implementations, which in turn will improve the data sharing and comparability among studies. A modification for the BSC design to include external and managerial perspectives is required. However, a lack of a comprehensive PE for HCOs during the pandemic was observed, so the resulted dimensions and KPIs are recommended for planning, monitoring, evaluation, and continuous improvement of HCOs. Many dimensions were negatively influenced by the pandemic. However, some dimensions still need further investigation. BSC dimensions have an essential role in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic and will help the health care managers to mitigate its consequences on HCOs.
Development of a technique for computer simulation of the stress state of the drive drum shell of a belt conveyor to optimize its design parameters

The paper considers the method of computer simulation of the stress-strain state of the drive drum shell in the NASTRAN integrated environment. Due to the complexity of determining stresses and deformations in the drum sections by the analytical method, it is proposed to solve this important problem using the numerical finite-element method. At the preliminary stage of computer modeling, a mechanical design scheme was developed, including a variable pressure that changes depending on the angle of rotation of the drum, the deterministic relations describing the variable force factors are based on the Euler ratio. It is also proposed to take into account the pressure from the variable friction force, which depends on the changing coefficient of adhesion of the belt to the drum. As a result of the computer calculation, the equivalent Mises stresses of 65 MPa were determined, the safety factor was 4.2 and the components of the tangential stresses were determined using the stress tensor marker, the shear stress reached the level τ=16 MPa for fabric tape and τ=3.14 MPa for rubber tape. According to the results of the calculation, the dependence of the tangential stresses on the angle of rotation of the drum was constructed. A diagram of the change in the component of tangential stresses along the forming shell of the drum was constructed. Analysis of stress-strain state allowed us to determine the factor of safety of the drum shell. Based on the analysis of equivalent stresses, it is proposed to further calculate the durability of the drum using the method of long-term fatigue. The computer calculation of shear stresses in the component allows choosing the rational parameters of the lining, based on such indicators as peel strength and break, as well as determining the angle 61° of the slab lining required to improve the reliability and traction ability of the pipeline.
Green Consciousness as a Determinant of Organic Food Purchase Intention: Evidences from a Case Study in Italy

The rapid growth of the organic food market in Italy and in other developed countries has drawn the attention of researchers and practitioners. The diffusion of pro-environmental concerns and sustainable lifestyles among consumers are often cited as two of the main drivers of the increase in demand for organic food products. Consequently, unveiling the factors that influence consumers’ demand of, and preference for organic food is essential for all the actors involved in the supply chain. This paper presents the results of a research model which relates organic food purchase intention to consumers’ green consciousness, health motivations, food safety concerns, organic product knowledge, family and social context and perception of the intrinsic quality of food. A questionnaire, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the extant literature on organic food choice, was developed and presented to a sample of 600 Italian consumers. Causal relations among variables were then tested using Structural Equation Modelling. The results suggest that, besides the existence of green consciousness, other variables may affect consumers’ preference for organic food: among these, specific and closely interlinked elements, such as food safety concerns and perceived quality heavily affected the intention to buy organic food products.
Supplements That Affect Cortisol Concentrations during High Intensity Exercise

The body is exposed to excessive stress during high intensity exercise. There has been much research conducted about the effectiveness of certain supplements in limiting stress due to exercise. Cortisol is a permissive hormone that is secreted in response to stress, so cortisol concentrations can be used as a method of evaluating stress. This paper summarizes research conducted on various supplements and their effect on reducing stress during high intensity exercise. Focus is on cortisol concentrations in participants before and after completion of exercise when given various supplements. The most common supplements were determined to be amino acids, electrolytes, antioxidants, and carbohydrates. All supplements were shown to attenuate cortisol concentrations through various processes and under certain situations. Amino acids supplements prevent muscle from being catabolized during exercise, thus promoting muscle growth and decreasing cortisol concentration. Electrolyte supplements replace minerals and charges lost in sweat, reducing stress on the body during exercise. Antioxidants limit oxidative stress due to free radicals. Carbohydrates can repress immune response during exercise and decrease cortisol concentration if given in large enough dosages. Introduction: Cortisol is a permissive hormone and is essential for normal cell function. However, having excessive concentrations of cortisol can be very detrimental (Vidal et al. 2018). It is secreted from the adrenal gland in response to stress. Stress is stimulated by a variety of events, including exercise, fear, and anxiety. Since cortisol is a glucocorticoid, it is mostly catabolic which means that it breaks down tissues (Goodman, 2009). Excessive cortisol can be very
Higher PD-L1 Immunohistochemical Detection Signal in Frozen Compared to Matched Paraffin-Embedded Formalin-Fixed Tissues

Purpose: Response to anti-PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy correlates with PD-L1 expression in breast cancer. However, the prevalence of PD-L1 positive breast cancer is variable, which could be due to differences in the population/cohort of patients tested or the preservation/detection technology used. To investigate this variability, we examined the effect of two tissue preservation methods on PD-L1 immunohistochemical detection in breast cancer. Methods: We compared PD-L1 expression in patient-matched frozen (FR) and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues of breast cancer patients. PD-L1 expression was assessed using tumor proportion score (TPS, simply PD-L1 score), and case positivity was determined with PD-L1 score ≥5. Results: In FFPE tissues, PD-L1 was positive in 7–10% of tested patients, depending on the antibody used. In patient-matched FR tissues, the same antibodies showed positive PD-L1 expression in 20–30% of cases. The impact of the antibody tested on the rate of PD-L1 positivity (% of PDL1 positive cases) was minor, as evident in the near perfect concordance between PD-L1 score obtained using the different antibodies whether tested in FR or FFPE tissues. However, there was a systematic drop by an average of 13–20% in the PD-L1 score obtained in FFPE tissues compared to their patient-matched FR tissues. Conclusions: In the tested patient-matched cohort, there was consistently a higher PD-L1 score in FR than FFPE tissues, regardless of the antibody used, demonstrating a significant effect on PD-L1 detection due to the preservation method. These findings should inspire further work to improve the sensitivity of PD-L1 detection and possibly search for more sensitive antibodies in FFPE tissues.
LIMITING WEAK-TYPE BEHAVIORS FOR SINGULAR INTEGRALS WITH ROUGH L logL(Sn−1) KERNELS

Let Ω be a function of homogeneous of degree zero and vanish on the unit sphere Sn−1. In this paper, we investigate the limiting weak-type behavior for singular integral operator TΩ associated with rough kernel Ω. We show that, if Ω ∈ L logL(Sn−1), then lim λ→0+ λ|{x ∈ R : |TΩ(f)(x)| > λ}| = n‖Ω‖L1(Sn−1)‖f‖L1(Rn), 0 ≤ f ∈ L(R). Moreover, n‖Ω‖L1(Sn−1) is a lower bound of weak-type norm of TΩ when Ω ∈ L logL(Sn−1). Corresponding results for rough bilinear singular integral operators defined in the form T~ Ω(f1, f2) = TΩ1(f1) · TΩ2(f2) have also been established.
Overall and Fluid-to-particle Heat Transfer Coefficients associated with Canned Particulate non-Newtonian Fluids during Free Bi-axial Rotary Thermal Processing

Abstract Heat transfer to canned particulates in non-Newtonian fluids (Nylon particles suspended in aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose - CMC - solution) during fixed and free bi-axial rotation was studied in a pilot-scale, full water-immersion single-cage rotary retort. A response surface methodology was used in order to study the effect of different process parameters, including rotational speed (7-23 rpm), CMC concentration (0.0-1.0%) and retort temperature (110-130C), at five levels of each, on overall heat transfer coefficient (U) and fluid to particle heat transfer coefficient (hfp) in both rotation modes. The analysis of variance showed that the rotational speed, CMC concentration and retort temperature were significant (p < 0.05) factors for hfp in the following order: rotation speed > CMC concentration > retort temperature; however, only rotational speed and CMC concentration were significant (p < 0.05) factors for U. With an increase in rotational speed and retort temperature, there was an increase in the associated U and hfp values; however, increasing the CMC concentration resulted in the opposite. Using the numerical optimization of the Design Expert software, optimum heat transfer was found at a rotational speed of 20 rpm, CMC concentration of 0.6% and retort temperature of 126C. T-test revealed that both U and hfp were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the free bi-axial mode as compared to the fixed axial mode of rotation.
Diagnostic Ability of Peguero-Lo Presti Electrocardiographic Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Criterion in Severe Aortic Stenosis

Traditional electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), introduced in the pre-echocardiographic era of diagnosis, have a relatively low sensitivity (usually not exceeding 25–40%) in detecting LVH. A novel Peguero-Lo Presti ECG-LVH criterion was recently shown to exhibit a higher sensitivity than the traditional ECG-LVH criteria in hypertension. Our aim was to test the diagnostic ability of the novel Peguero-Lo Presti ECG-LVH criterion in severe aortic stenosis. We retrospectively analyzed 12-lead ECG tracings and echocardiographic records from the index hospitalization of 50 patients with isolated severe aortic stenosis (mean age: 77 ± 10 years; 30 women and 20 men). Exclusion criteria included QRS > 120 ms, bundle branch blocks or left anterior fascicular block, a history of myocardial infarction, more than mild aortic or mitral regurgitation, and significant LV dysfunction by echocardiography. We compared the agreement of the novel Peguero-Lo Presti criterion and traditional ECG-LVH criteria with echocardiographic LVH (LV mass index > 95 g/m2 in women and >115 g/m2 in men). Echocardiographic LVH was found in 32 out of 50 study patients. The sensitivity of the Peguero-Lo Presti criterion in detecting LVH was improved (55% vs. 9–34%) at lower specificity (72% vs. 78–100%) in comparison to 8 single traditional ECG-LVH criteria. Additionally, the positive predictive value (77% vs. 72%), positive likelihood ratio (2.0 vs. 1.5), and odds ratio (3.2 vs. 2.4) were higher for the Peguero-Lo Presti criterion versus the presence of any of these 8 traditional ECG-LVH criteria. Cohen’s Kappa, a measure of concordance between ECG and echocardiography with regard to LVH, was 0.24 for the Peguero-Lo Presti criterion, −0.01–0.13 for single traditional criteria, and 0.20 for any traditional criterion. However, by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, the overall ability to discriminate between patients with and without LVH was insignificantly lower for the Peguero-Lo Presti versus Cornell voltage as a continuous variable (area under the ROC curve: 0.65 (95% CI, 0.48–0.81) vs. 0.71 (0.55–0.86), p = 0.5). In conclusion, our preliminary results suggest a slightly better, albeit still low, agreement of the novel Peguero-Lo Presti ECG criterion compared to the traditional ECG-LVH criteria with echocardiographic LVH in severe aortic stenosis.
Geochemistry and Acute Toxicity in Rat of Calabash Clay Consumed in Douala (Cameroon)

Background: Calabash chalk geophagia commonly consumed in Sub-Saharan countries such as Cameroon may be a source of potential harmful elements such as lead and mercury. We sought to determine its geochemical composition on representative sample collected in the central market of Douala and evaluate their acute toxicity profile using rat. Methods: The geochemical analysis of three prototypes of Calabash chalk samples collected in the Douala central market, their main place of supply in the town, has been performed using the X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and the inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) for major and trace elements respectively. Acute toxicity was assessed according to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines test No 423. Results: The geochemistry displays the Al2O3 as their main major component with iron, titanium, cerium and zinc as metal and metalloid trace elements. No acute toxicity was found in rat after administration of 5000 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: Calabash chalk belong to the kaolinite family which had showed evidence for digestive pharmacologic propriety. Their acute consumption may be less toxic while toxicity profile of chronic consumption should be investigated.
Impact of Green Human Resources Practices on Green Work Engagement in the Renewable Energy Departments

In recent years, the sense of responsibility among companies and organizations has increased manifold because of external pressure towards environmental sustainability. There are several measures taken by the organizations to work in a green or eco-friendly manner, and among these measures, green human resources management has become an important practice of an organization. This study explores the role of Green human resources management (green HRM) in predicting the green work engagement (GWE) of employees. The study surveyed employees from three big energy companies that operate in Hungary. The research focused on four main practices of Green HRM and aimed to find out whether they can predict green work engagement. In this study, self-administered questionnaires were used as a tool for collecting the data through online channels, and around 238 employees responded to fill out the questionnaire. After collecting the data, hypotheses were tested by using SEM analysis to fulfill the study's objectives. The results indicated that only green rewards, green training, and green performance management significantly predicted GWE. In contrast, green performance management was not a significant predictor of GWE. The study tries to bring better understanding for the managers, policymakers, and future researchers to identify the role of these practices in an organization.
Evolutionary Dynamics and Φ-Regret Minimization in Games

Regret has been established as a foundational concept in online learning, and likewise has important applications in the analysis of learning dynamics in games. Regret quantifies the difference between a learner's performance against a baseline in hindsight. It is well-known that regret-minimizing algorithms converge to certain classes of equilibria in games; however, traditional forms of regret used in game theory predominantly consider baselines that permit deviations to deterministic actions or strategies. In this paper, we revisit our understanding of regret from the perspective of deviations over partitions of the full \emph{mixed} strategy space (i.e., probability distributions over pure strategies), under the lens of the previously-established $\Phi$-regret framework, which provides a continuum of stronger regret measures. Importantly, $\Phi$-regret enables learning agents to consider deviations from and to mixed strategies, generalizing several existing notions of regret such as external, internal, and swap regret, and thus broadening the insights gained from regret-based analysis of learning algorithms. We prove here that the well-studied evolutionary learning algorithm of replicator dynamics (RD) seamlessly minimizes the strongest possible form of $\Phi$-regret in generic $2 \times 2$ games, without any modification of the underlying algorithm itself. We subsequently conduct experiments validating our theoretical results in a suite of 144 $2 \times 2$ games wherein RD exhibits a diverse set of behaviors. We conclude by providing empirical evidence of $\Phi$-regret minimization by RD in some larger games, hinting at further opportunity for $\Phi$-regret based study of such algorithms from both a theoretical and empirical perspective.
Prosociality in Relation to Developmental Tasks of Emerging Adulthood

Prosociality, understood as the capacity to act in a way that benefits others, is an important feature for emerging adults to fulfill their personal needs and fulfill developmental tasks. This life period is a time of exploration within various areas of life, enabling individuals to try out and choose own worldview, lifestyle, work and preferred patterns of interpersonal relationships. This review aims at bringing together the evidence on how prosociality (prosocial orientations, values, behaviors) or deficits in such features may be linked to the fulfillment of three basic human needs as conceptualized by the self-determination theory in emerging adults. The relation of prosociality to the three tasks in the context of development in emerging adulthood: (1) reaching autonomy from the family of origin, (2) achieving own identity and (3) establishing positive relationships with others, are outlined based on a literature review. Implications for future research are also provided.
Disclosure Quality of CEO Compensation and Its Determinants: Empirical Evidence from Listed Banks of Bangladesh

Disclosure quality of CEO compensation is an emerging issue in academic research nowadays. The purpose of this study is to find out the quality of CEO compensation disclosure and its determinants in the listed banks of Bangladesh. In this study, a self-structured CEO compensation disclosure index is prepared to measure the quality of CEO compensation disclosure considering the listed banks of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) during the period from 2006 to 2013. The determinants of CEO compensation disclosure are examined through firm performance, board structure, ownership pattern, CEO compensation and audit quality. This study finds that overall CEO compensation disclosure measured by the index is very poor but increased over the years as expected. The empirical result also shows that firm performance (ROA), CEO compensation, director ownership, foreign investors and audit quality are the significant explanatory factors for CEO compensation disclosure index. But this study didn’t find any significant association of CEO compensation disclosure index with firm size, board structure and institutional investors which indicate corporate governance mechanisms are very weak. Finally, this study recommends that government or regulators should more emphasize on transparency and accountability of CEO compensation disclosure through imposing mandatory disclosure requirement and monitoring by corporate governance mechanisms and reduce the agency cost and information asymmetry of the shareholders.