Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mobile (Self-)Socialization: The Role of Mobile Media and Communication in Autonomy and Relationship Development in Adolescence

ABSTRACT Two of the most important developmental tasks in adolescence are developing autonomy and establishing relationships (i.e., friendships and romantic relationships). Self-socialization processes are relevant in mastering these developmental tasks. Mobile media are predestined as tools for such self-socialization: Their affordances—universality, private accessibility, and ubiquity—closely match the developmental needs of adolescents and no other media device is so deeply embedded in adolescents’ daily lives. The present paper proposes a reciprocal relationship between mobile media and communication and mastery of developmental tasks. The results of a three-wave panel study (N = 503) point to a marginal role of mobile media and communication in developing autonomy and establishing relationships. Still, results suggest that developmental achievements enable adolescents to make sensible use of mobile media and communication in response to their current developmental stage.
Readability, Suitability, and Content Evaluation of Initial, Online Masking Guidance from U.S. States during the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT Background With the introduction of face mask orders to prevent the spread of COVID-19, the general public may have turned to their state government or health department’s website to find information on face coverings. Purpose This study seeks to evaluate the readability, suitability, and content of masking guidance on state government or state health department websites from U.S. states with face mask orders during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Each state’s education on face coverings (n = 41) was assessed using three readability indices and the Suitability Assessment for Materials tool for suitability. A novel masking guidance- specific score was developed to evaluate the content on face coverings. Results Masking guidance varied in literacy demand, format, and content. The mean readability surpasses the recommended grade level and is too difficult for most Americans to understand. The mean SAM score is considered “adequate” for suitability, and over half of the states’ masking guidance contained all seven points of information related to face coverings. Translation to Health Education Practice During a public health crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic, readable, suitable, and consistent online information is vital in encouraging adherence to public health orders and promoting other preventive health behaviors.
High quality mapping of chromatin at or near the nuclear lamina for small numbers of cells

The chromatin associated with the nuclear lamina (NL) is referred to as Lamina-Associated Domains (LADs). While mapping of this feature has been done using various technologies, technical limitations exist for each of the methods. Here, we present an adaptation of the Tyramide-Signal Amplification sequencing (TSA-seq) protocol, which we call chromatin pull down-based TSA-seq (cTSA-seq), that can be used to map chromatin regions at or near the NL from as little as 50,000 cells without using carriers. The cTSA-seq mapped regions are composed of LADs and smaller chromatin regions that fall within the chromatin B-compartment known to be enriched for heterochromatin and be present at the nuclear periphery. As a proof of principle, we used cTSA-seq to map chromatin at or near the assembling NL as cells exit mitosis and progress through early and later G1. Consistent with previous reports, lamin-B1 based cTSA-seq revealed that regions toward the distal ends of chromosomes are near or at the reassembling NL during early G1. The cTSA-seq mapping and analyses revealed similarity between the early G1 chromatin and oncogene-induced senescent cell populations. The cTSA-seq reported here represents a useful method for analyzing chromatin at or near the NL from small numbers of cells.
Left angular gyrus disconnection impairs multiplication fact retrieval

Arithmetic fact retrieval has been suggested to recruit a left-lateralized network comprising perisylvian language areas, parietal areas such as the angular gyrus (AG), and subcortical structures such as the hippocampus. However, the underlying white matter connectivity of these areas has not been evaluated systematically so far. Using simple multiplication problems, we evaluated how disconnections in parietal brain areas affected arithmetic fact retrieval following stroke. We derived disconnectivity measures by jointly considering data from n=73 patients with acute unilateral lesions in either hemisphere and a white-matter tractography atlas (HCP-842) using the Lesion Quantification Toolbox (LQT). Whole-brain voxel-based analysis indicated a left-hemispheric cluster of white matter fibers connecting the AG and superior temporal areas to be associated with a fact retrieval deficit. Subsequent analyses of direct grey-to-grey matter disconnections revealed that disconnections of additional left-hemispheric areas (e.g., between the superior temporal gyrus and parietal areas) were significantly associated with the observed fact retrieval deficit. Results imply that disconnections of parietal areas (i.e., the AG) with language-related areas (i.e., superior and middle temporal gyri) seem specifically detrimental to arithmetic fact retrieval. This suggests that arithmetic fact retrieval recruits a widespread left-hemispheric network and emphasizes the relevance of white matter connectivity for number processing.
INTREPID program: technology and architecture for next-generation, energy-efficient, hyper-scale data centers [Invited]

The INTREPID program is developing power-efficient coherent optics for package-level integration with future switch integrated circuits as a path to realizing higher-radix switches for flatter networks. The link architecture is underpinned by coherent quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) polarization-multiplex transceivers at 200 Gb/s per $ \lambda $λ, further enhanced with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to enable energy-efficient 800 or 1600 Gb/s inter-switch fiber connections. The technology is compatible with conventional three-level data center designs as well as a two-level data center design introduced here, which includes an added layer of passive, arrayed waveguide grating routers (AWGRs) or WDM circuit switches to further improve the cost, energy efficiency, and latency of the network.
L-2 Regularized maximum likelihood for β-model in large and sparse networks

The $\beta$-model is a powerful tool for modeling network generation driven by degree heterogeneity. Its simple yet expressive nature particularly well-suits large and sparse networks, where many network models become infeasible due to computational challenge and observation scarcity. However, existing estimation algorithms for $\beta$-model do not scale up; and theoretical understandings remain limited to dense networks. This paper brings several significant improvements to the method and theory of $\beta$-model to address urgent needs of practical applications. Our contributions include: 1. method: we propose a new $\ell_2$ penalized MLE scheme; we design a novel fast algorithm that can comfortably handle sparse networks of millions of nodes, much faster and more memory-parsimonious than all existing algorithms; 2. theory: we present new error bounds on $\beta$-models under much weaker assumptions than best known results in literature; we also establish new lower-bounds and new asymptotic normality results; under proper parameter sparsity assumptions, we show the first local rate-optimality result in $\ell_2$ norm; distinct from existing literature, our results cover both small and large regularization scenarios and reveal their distinct asymptotic dependency structures; 3. application: we apply our method to large COVID-19 network data sets and discover meaningful results.
Using KD-tree for Algorithm of Electromagnetic Scattering Calculation on Complex Shape Objects

The problems of modeling the propagation and diffraction of electromagnetic waves are important not only in electrodynamics. For example, such modeling is used in rendering. Many applied problems have stimulated the development of new approaches to such modeling. This paper discusses various modeling methods that are used in computer graphics problems. One of the most efficient approaches used for rendering tasks is applied to obtain information about the field scattered by complex shape object.
Improved Frequency Estimation Technique for FMCW Radar Altimeters

Radar altimeters (RA) are an integral part of aerospace navigation system because of their ability to measure height above the earth's surface with high level of accuracy and integrity. For lower altitude measurements, Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar is the most suitable choice for RA, compared to pulsed radar. The altitude measurement in FMCW-RA is carried out with the help of beat signal that captures the frequency difference between the transmitted signal and the ground reflected signal. The accuracy of altitude measurement depends on the estimation accuracy of beat frequency from the received signal. This paper proposes a beat frequency estimation technique with improved accuracy which combines FFT with Chirp Z transform (CZT) and Candan estimator. The performance of the proposed technique evaluated in terms of RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) is found to be better when compared to the existing techniques.
Automatic creation of a Vowel Dataset for performing Prosody Analysis in ASD screening

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a term used to describe a constellation of early-onset social communication deficits and repetitive sensorimotor behaviours associated with a strong genetic component as well as other causes. This paper aims at creating a tool for automatically isolating segments of the speech useful for extract prosody features for identifying children with ASD. In particular, in this first phase of the research, we are interested in the creation of a large dataset of ’a’ vowels of ASD and not ASD people. The ’a’ vowel contains relevant information on the voice quality and emotional states. The proposed methodology is divided into 2 phases. In the former the input audio is analyzed to determine the vowel onset and offset points, useful to extract the vowel regions. Then a spectrogram graphically visualizing the identified vowels is provided as input to the second phase, where a convolutional neural network classifies whether the histogram represents the vowel ’a’. The convolutional network reaches an average accuracy of 95.00% (standard deviation ± 2.60%) on a dataset of 640 samples with Stratified 5-Fold Cross-Validation.
Analysis and forecast of stock price based on LSTM algorithm

In the 21st century, the stock is a high-risk, high-yield common financial products, in order to better analyze the stock investment, effectively and accurately predict the stock price trend has become the current research hotspot in recent years. In this paper, we put forward a LSTM prediction model to predict the closing stock prices, taking Microsoft as an example. Experimental results indicate that this method displays better prediction performance than other machine learning methods. Specifically, the RMSE value is 24.43% and 16.69% lower than ridge algorithm and neural network algorithm respectively. In addition, we make a detailed data analysis of the data set, including the stock price changes over time, the average daily return and the moving average of the stock, and give how much risk to invest in a specific stock, which can provide some guidance for our future work.
TextCode: A Tool to Support Problem Solving Among Novice Programmers

Several tools have been developed to support novices learning to program. Most of them focus on the code and provide features regarding the visualization of the data structures or the debugging. However, in introductory programming courses, students are typically given exercises in the form of a problem written in natural language; and the first challenge they face is understanding the problem, identifying the relevant information, and then translating that information into code. To our knowledge, little attention has been paid to proposing tools targeted at supporting this problem-solving step, even though it is crucial for deriving a correct solution. In this paper, we present an IDE to encourage novices to understand the problem before start coding, decompose it down into subproblems, explore alternative implementations for each subproblem, and arrange these implementations to build a general solution. Finally, the adopted problem-solving approach is discussed.
Real-Time Road Curb and Lane Detection for Autonomous Driving Using LiDAR Point Clouds

The commercialization of automated driving vehicles promotes the development of safer and more efficient autonomous driving technologies including lane marking detection strategy, which is considered to be the most promising feature in environmental perception technology. To reduce the tradeoff between time consumption and detection precision, we propose a real-time lane marking detection method by using LiDAR point clouds directly. A constrained RANSAC algorithm is applied to select the regions of interest and filter the background data. Further, a road curb detection method based on the segment point density is also proposed to classify the road points and curb points. Finally, an adaptive threshold selection method is proposed to identify lane markings. In this investigation, five datasets are collected from different driving conditions that include the straight road, curved road, and uphill, to test the proposed method. The proposed method is evaluated under different performance metrics such as Precision, Recall, Dice, Jaccard as well as the average detection distance and computation time for the five datasets. The quantitative results show the efficiency and feasibility of this proposed method.
Analysis of the Magneto-Mechanical Characteristic of Double Three-phase PMSM

The article studies the performance of a multiphase brushless synchronous motor with excitation from permanent magnets (PMSM). The motor has two sets of independent and unconnected three-phase windings on the stator, which resulting magneto-move forces are shifted by 30 electrical degrees. These windings are supplied with two independent three-phase current systems. The study is based on the analysis of the so-called magnetic mechanical characteristic (MMC) as a multidimensional dependence of the flux linkages of the phase windings and the machine electromagnetic torque from all phase currents and the angle of the rotor position. The analysis is based of the FEM calculation of the 2D machine magnetic field. The mutual influence of dependent and independent MMC variables have been researched with changes in the magnitude of load currents, the initial phases of these currents and the angle of the rotor position. The obtained calculation results are analyzed with regard to the expansion of the machine speed range in the constant power mode at field-oriented control (FOC).
On Torsion and Finite Extension of $FC$ and $\tau N_{K}$ Groups in Certain Classes of Finitely Generated Groups

Let k > 0 an integer. F , τ , N , Nk, N (2) k and A denote the classes of finite, torsion, nilpotent, nilpotent of class at most k, group which every two generator subgroup is Nk and abelian groups respectively. The main results of this paper is, firstly, we prove that, in the class of finitely generated τN -group (respectively FN-group) a (FC)τ -group (respectively (FC)F -group) is a τA-group (respectively is FA-group). Secondly, we prove that a finitely generated τN -group (respectively FN-group) in the class ((τNk)τ, ∞) (respectively ((FNk)F, ∞)) is a τN (2) k -group (respectively FN (2) k -group). Thirdly we prove that a finitely generated τN -group (respectively FN-group) in the class ((τNk)τ,∞) ( respectively ((FNk)F, ∞)∗) is a τNc-group (respectively FNc-group) for certain integer c and we extend this results to the class of NF -groups. Mathematics Subject Classification: 20F22, 20F99.
Multiple Geographical Feature Label Placement Based on Multiple Candidate Positions in Two degrees of Freedom Space

Automatic multiple geographical feature label placement (MGFLP) is a combinatorial optimization problem shown to be an NP-hard problem, and it is a challenge in automatic cartography. Many automatic label placement algorithms for point, line, and area features were put forward. It is a common way to use multiple candidate positions (MCP) for label placement, but the research in this way mostly focuses on point features and does not take all three types of features and all the possible candidate positions into account on the map. Therefore, in this paper, the concept of degrees of spatial freedom for feature label placement is proposed based on the idea of degrees of freedom of mechanical motion. We define the degrees of freedom (DOF) and its space for feature labels on a planar map so as the potential space, including all the optional candidate positions of each feature label, can be standardized. Based on two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) space, feature reference position (FRP), and certain buffer distance (CBD) from FRP, we studied the methods including generating, calculating, evaluating, and selecting MCP for feature label. By using and improving the discrete differential evolution genetic algorithm (DDEGA), we carried out MGFLP experiments on the same dataset used by DDEGA algorithm. The results show that: 1) although the MCP based on the 2-DOF space increase the complexity of the NP-hard problem, however, the obtained results by optimizing the performance of the algorithm and increasing the number of candidate positions are still better than the traditional 8-candidate positions model. 2) In the same 2-DOF space, increasing the candidate positions from less to more along each direction of the 2-DOF space improves the quality of label placement.
Condensed Tannin in Two Varieties of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor): Effect on the Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens

Two hundred (200) 1-d old (Hubbard strain) broiler chicks were used to evaluate the effect of condensed tannin in different sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) varieties on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. The birds were randomly assigned to five (5) experimental diets of four (4) replicates each at ten (10) birds per replicate in a completely randomized design in a forty-two day feeding trial. Diet D1 contained 100% maize; D2 and D3 contained 50% and 100% red sorghum variety (RSV) while D4 and D5 contained 50% and 100% white sorghum variety (WSV) respectively as replacement for maize. The RSV had higher tannin content than WSV. Birds fed WSV based diets had higher (P≤0.05) weight gain with better feed conversion ratio than those fed RSV based diets. The sorghum based diets had a more digestible ether extract and nitrogen free extract (P≤0.05) than those fed D1. Conclusively, WSV could completely replace maize because of the lower (condensed) tannin levels while above 50% RSV replacement for maize may be deleterious.
Analysis of high speed design on a multilayer PCB substrate

This paper gives an overview of desirable factors that influence the circuit board designed on a printed circuit board and the characteristic of high-speed design board. Signal integrity, as the name suggests includes degradation and timing errors of digital waveforms, for example, they travel along the conductors that make up the path, such as Circuit board traces, packaging structure and connectors. These conductors represent the transmission lines. Signal integrity of the signals propagating across the board is one of the prime factors to be considered in digital circuit design as these parameters are used in electromagnetic analysis of cross talk, signal degradation, propagation delays etc. on a PCB transmission lines. Modern high-speed circuit board designs require special attention because of their short operating frequency and short rise time. So, this literature presents the most important aspects and parameters that PCB designers should consider and analyze before creating a circuit board layout. This literature also discusses on the basic high-speed PCB design guidelines and challenges occurring at the development stage of a board.
Spatial patterns and inequalities in skilled birth attendance and caesarean delivery in sub-Saharan Africa

Background Improved access to and quality obstetric care in health facilities reduces maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. We examined spatial patterns, within-country wealth-related inequalities and predictors of inequality in skilled birth attendance and caesarean deliveries in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We analysed the most recent Demographic and Health Survey data from 25 sub-Saharan African countries. We used the concentration index to measure within-country wealth-related inequality in skilled birth attendance and caesarean section. We fitted a multilevel Poisson regression model to identify predictors of inequality in having skilled attendant at birth and caesarean section. Results The rate of skilled birth attendance ranged from 24.3% in Chad to 96.7% in South Africa. The overall coverage of caesarean delivery was 5.4% (95% CI 5.2% to 5.6%), ranging from 1.4% in Chad to 24.2% in South Africa. The overall wealth-related absolute inequality in having a skilled attendant at birth was extremely high, with a difference of 46.2 percentage points between the poorest quintile (44.4%) and the richest quintile (90.6%). In 10 out of 25 countries, the caesarean section rate was less than 1% among the poorest quintile, but the rate was more than 15% among the richest quintile in nine countries. Four or more antenatal care contacts, improved maternal education, higher household wealth status and frequently listening to the radio increased the rates of having skilled attendant at birth and caesarean section. Women who reside in rural areas and those who have to travel long distances to access health facilities were less likely to have skilled attendant at birth or caesarean section. Conclusions There were significant within-country wealth-related inequalities in having skilled attendant at birth and caesarean delivery. Efforts to improve access to birth at the facility should begin in areas with low coverage and directly consider the needs and experiences of vulnerable populations.