Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Rumen Liqui t of Buffalo Both as a Probiotics Properties and has Cmc-Ase Activity to I mprove Nutrient Quality of Soybean Distillery By-Product as Feed

This experiment was carried out to study implementa tion of Cellulolytic bacteria culture (isolation from rumen liquit of buffalo samples) as a probiotics ag ent can be used in order to alleviate the negative effect of soybean distillery by-product as feed. Eighteen of male Bali duckling was assigned to three treatme nts in a completely randomized design. Each treatment hsix replications with one bird per replication (individual cage). The treatments were (i) unfermen ted soybean distillery by-product as control; (ii) fermented soybean distillery by-product by 0.30% Ce llulolytics bacteria culture; and (iii) 0.60% Cellulolytics bacteria culture, respectively. The r eport on the first experiment showed that five isol ates of cellulolytic bacteria (B-3, B-6, B-7, B-10, and S-1 3) were isolated from isolation from rumen liquit o f buffalo samples in the first experiment. The whole isolates of cellulolytic bacteria showed resistant grew on both in different temperature (20 0 -55 0 C), acid conditions (3.0-6.0), and bile salt (0.20- 0.60 NaDC). Isolates cellulolytics bacteria B-6 was potensial a s probiotics sources and has CMC-ase activity. The study showed that fermentation of soybean distiller y by-product using of isolates Cellulolytics bacter ia B6 isolate culture could improve significant differe nces (P 0.05) by fermentation. On the other hand, fermentation caused increasing crude protein (CP) of the soybean ditellery by-product. It was concluded that fermentation of soybean distillery b y-product by Cellulolytics bacteria B-6 isolate cul ture (isolation from rumen liquit of buffalo samples) could increase nutrient composition and digestibili ty of soybean distillery by-product as feed.
STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF SEAWEED LIQUID FERTILIZER OF COLPOMENIA SINUOSA (MERT. EX ROTH) DERBES & SOLIER (BROWN SEAWEED) ON PENNISETUM GLAUCUM (L.) R. Br. , IN THE SOUTH EAST COAST OF TAMIL NADU, INDIA.

The present study was carried out to investigate th e influence of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF) of t he brown seaweed Colpomenia sinuosa (Mert. ex Roth) Derbes & Solier on the seed germin ation, shoot length, root length, biochemical contents and pigment chara cteristics of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. Experiments were conducted on Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. to study the potential brown seaweed Colpomenia sinuosa (Mert. ex Roth) Derbes & Solier as a biofertilizer . The Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer was prepared in four different concentrations separatel y (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10%). The 10% concentration of SLF showed the best positive results on seed germin ation, shoot length, root length, biochemicals such as total carbohydrates, total proteins, total lipids, total phenols and pigments namely total chlorophyll s, total caraotenoids. The data generated from the present s tudy reveal that the Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer of Colpomenia sinuosa (Mert. ex Roth) Derbes & Solier can be used as bio fertilizer to increase the product of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.
Observations sur la mise en place du cerne chez le pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) : confrontation entre les mesures de croissance radiale, de densité et les facteurs climatiques

Intra-annual variations of radial growth and ring structure. Radial growth monitoring of four Aleppo pines is done to analyse ring formation and its climatic determinism. These measures are confronted to wood density profiles and meteorological para- meters. Growth occurs in two phases: spring growth and autumnal growth, separated by the summer rest period. The rainfall pattern, be- fore and after the summer drought, plays a major role on ring increment and ring structure. Temperature combined with precipitation, influences growth start and summer water availability. Radial growth measurement and density profiles confrontation makes it possible to associate a temporal scale to density profile. Early wood formation corresponds to optimum of the spring growth phase; early wood- late wood transition corresponds to growth rate reduction at the end of the spring growth phase (June, July); late wood fluctuations are linked with the successive rest period and autumnal growth.
Passive Immunity in Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases

SUMMARY Antibodies have been used for over a century in the prevention and treatment of infectious disease. They are used most commonly for the prevention of measles, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, tetanus, varicella, rabies, and vaccinia. Although their use in the treatment of bacterial infection has largely been supplanted by antibiotics, antibodies remain a critical component of the treatment of diptheria, tetanus, and botulism. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin can be used to treat certain viral infections in immunocompromised patients (e.g., cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and enterovirus infections). Antibodies may also be of value in toxic shock syndrome, Ebola virus, and refractory staphylococcal infections. Palivizumab, the first monoclonal antibody licensed (in 1998) for an infectious disease, can prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. The development and use of additional monoclonal antibodies to key epitopes of microbial pathogens may further define protective humoral responses and lead to new approaches for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
Do alien plant species profit more from high resource supply than natives? A trait‐based analysis

Aim Previous studies comparing conditions of high- versus low-resource environments have pointed at differences in key traits that would allow aliens to perform better than natives under high-resource conditions. We generalize and test the robustness of this idea by exploring how trait differentiation between aliens and natives changes along continuous resource gradients. Location Global. Methods We constructed a database of three leaf traits (specific leaf area, SLA; photosynthetic capacity, Amass; leaf nitrogen content, Nmass) that are important for carbon capturing strategies in plants. The database includes 2448 native and 961 alien species over 88 locations world-wide. Using rank correlations and mixed-effect linear models, we assessed the relations between plant traits and climatic, edaphic and human disturbance gradients. Then we determined how the differences in traits between natives and aliens changed along the same gradients. Results Across all environments, aliens were found to have higher SLA, Nmass and Amass than natives. These differences were observed both globally and when controlling for co-occurrence. Also, higher average trait values were found in higher resource supply environments. However, trait differences between natives and aliens remained constant along the evaluated environmental and disturbance gradients. When compared in a multidimensional trait space defined by the leaf economics spectrum, co-occurring aliens and natives showed no between-group differences and no relation with any of the evaluated gradients. Main conclusions We suggest that although increased resource availability is positively related to higher carbon capture strategies (determined via higher plant leaf trait values), these benefits remain the same for aliens and natives. Therefore, we conclude that high-resource environments do not specifically cause aliens to outperform natives with respect to carbon capture, or at least not more than in other environments.
Ants Increase Cloverworm Herbivory Via Nonconsumptive Pathways

Abstract Generalist arthropod predators often exhibit a range of intraguild interactions reducing their potential efficacy as biological control agents. These interactions may include consumptive or nonconsumptive effects that mediate the impacts of herbivores. We examined interactions among 2 generalist predators, the striped lynx spider (Oxyopes salticus Hentz; Araneae: Oxyopidae) and an ant (Lasius neoniger Emery; Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and a herbivore, the green cloverworm (Hypena scabra F.; Lepidoptera: Erebidae), all prevalent in central Kentucky soybean agroecosystems. We hypothesized that individual predator treatments would reduce green cloverworm survival and resultant leaf damage, but that predators would interfere with each other when both were present. To study these interactions, field cages containing potted soybeans were used to examine 8 treatment combinations (control, cloverworm, spider, ant, spider + cloverworm, ant + cloverworm, ant + spider, and ant + spider + cloverworm). When proportional leaf damage was compared, spider, ant + spider, and spider + cloverworm treatments had significantly less damage than the ant, ant + cloverworm, and ant + spider + cloverworm treatments. Spider presence tended to decrease plant damage while ant presence significantly increased damage. No differences among treatments were found for either spider or cloverworm recovery, indicating potential nonconsumptive effects of ants that may include compensatory feeding. We found that generalist predators, such as L. neoniger, can inhibit biological control due to nonconsumptive interactions even when the same species in a different system provides substantial levels of pest suppression.
Dieta, Forrajeo y Presupuesto de Tiempo en Cotoncillos (Callicebus discolor) del Parque Nacional Yasuní en la Amazonia Ecuatoriana

La subfamilia Callicebinae se encuentra representada por el género Callicebus, conocidos en Ecuador como cotoncillos o songo-songos (Tirira, 1999). La sistemática del género ha recibido importantes revisiones últimamente luego que Hershkovitz (1990) realizara una revisión taxonómica en la que llevó el número de especies de tres a 13 (Kinzey, 1981; de la Torre, 1998; Van Roosmalen et al., 2002). Actualmente, sólo dos especies del género se encuentran en Ecuador (C. lucifer y C. discolor, Van Roosmalen et al., 2002) y las mismas habitan el bosque lluvioso tropical amazónico.
Risk Assessment Model for Pipe Rehabilitation and Replacement in a Water Distribution System

A risk assessment model is developed to identify and prioritize the most vulnerable pipes needing immediate rehabilitation or replacement based on the highest probability of failure and economic impacts. A pipe’s probability of failure is determined using the physical condition of the pipe such as installation year, age, material, and break history. The model then considers various economic degrees of impact relevant to the rehabilitation or replacement of these pipes, for example raw material costs, customer criticality, land use, demand, pipe material, and traffic impact. This developed risk assessment model, in conjunction with WaterCAD and geographic information systems (ArcGIS) software, was applied to a real water distribution system in California. Of over 3,500 individual pipe segments, the model was able to identify only six pipes requiring immediate replacement. Developing and testing this risk assessment model with real city data effectively demonstrated its practicality and easy application to a real water distribution system. If utilized, city officials can quickly identify and prioritize pipes needing rehabilitation or replacement by using reliable, up-to-date water distribution data from their city with this risk assessment model.
Wetland Mapping with Landsat 8 OLI, Sentinel-1, ALOS-1 PALSAR, and LiDAR Data in Southern New Brunswick, Canada

Mapping wetlands with high spatial and thematic accuracy is crucial for the management and monitoring of these important ecosystems. Wetland maps in New Brunswick (NB) have traditionally been produced by the visual interpretation of aerial photographs. In this study, we used an alternative method to produce a wetland map for southern New Brunswick, Canada, by classifying a combination of Landsat 8 OLI, ALOS-1 PALSAR, Sentinel-1, and LiDAR-derived topographic metrics with the Random Forests (RF) classifier. The images were acquired in three seasons (spring, summer, and fall) with different water levels and during leaf-off/on periods. The resulting map has eleven wetland classes (open bog, shrub bog, treed bog, open fen, shrub fen, freshwater marsh, coastal marsh, shrub marsh, shrub wetland, forested wetland, and aquatic bed) plus various non-wetland classes. We achieved an overall accuracy classification of 97.67%. We compared 951 in-situ validation sites to the classified image and both the 2106 and 2019 reference maps available through Service New Brunswick. Both reference maps were produced by photo-interpretation of RGB-NIR digital aerial photographs, but the 2019 NB reference also included information from LiDAR-derived surface and ecological metrics. Of these 951 sites, 94.95% were correctly identified on the classified image, while only 63.30% and 80.02% of these sites were correctly identified on the 2016 and 2019 NB reference maps, respectively. If only the 489 wetland validation sites were considered, 96.93% of the sites were correctly identified as a wetland on the classified image, while only 58.69% and 62.17% of the sites were correctly identified as a wetland on the 2016 and 2019 NB reference maps, respectively.
Relationship between cation accumulation and water content of salt‐tolerant grasses and a sedge

Salt-tolerant grasses and a sedge were grown at three salinities in a controlled-environment greenhouse. They were measured for growth rate, ash content, water content and cations. Fourteen species from the genera Sporobolus, Aeluropus, Leptochloa, Paspalum, Puccinellia, Hordeum, Elymus, Distichlis and Spartina survived up to the highest salt treatment (540 mol m−3 NaCl). These were designated halophytes. Eleven species from the genera Triticum, Phragmites, Dactylotenium, Cynodon, Polypogon, Panicum, Jovea and Heleocharis only survived up to 180 mol m−3 NaCl and were designated salt-tolerant glycophytes. All species except Distichlis palmeri grew fastest on the non-saline control treatment. All species tended to have higher Na+ contents and lower K+ and water contents on saline treatments compared to control plants. Halophytes differed from glycophytes in having statistically significant lower water contents on the non-saline treatment, and lower ash contents and Na:K ratios on 180 mol m−3. However, the range of values among species was greater than the differences between halophytes and glycophytes. All species appeared to use Na+ accumulation and loss of water as the main means of osmotic adjustment. Three halophytic species were grown for a longer period of time to check the above results. The osmolality of the cell sap was measured directly by the vapour pressure method and compared to calculated values based on Na+, K+ and water contents (and assuming a balancing anion such as Cl−). Na+ and K+ alone could account for greater than 75% of the osmotic potential at all salinities. Hence, the accumulation of organic solutes did not appear to be an important factor in the osmotic adjustment of these species. The results support the conclusion that grasses coordinate Na+ uptake and water loss to maintain a constant osmotic potential gradient between the shoot tissues and the external solution. The results were compared to a previous study with dicotyledonous halophytes at the same location.
Cohabitation of juvenile females with mature males promotes sexual cannibalism in fishing spiders

Precopulatory sexual cannibalism, or female predation of a potential mate before mating, illustrates an extreme intersexual conflict. Unlike sexual cannibalism occurring after mating, precopulatory sexual cannibalism cannot be construed as a male strategy. Thus, research on the adaptive significance of this phenomenon has focused on female benefits. In the present study, I test the idea that precopulatory sexual cannibalism represents an adaptive female trade-off between the material costs and benefits of mating with a male (forgoing food, securing sperm) and preying on a male (forgoing sperm, securing food). I pay particular attention to the rarely tested prediction that precopulatory sexual cannibalism by virgin females should increase as each female's expectation of future mating opportunities increases. I use the phenomenon of cohabitation between adult males and juvenile females nearing sexual maturity as a means to manipulate female expectation of future mate availability. Results indicate that feeding on a male has significant positive effects on several measures of female fecundity. However, the likelihood of precopulatory attacks was not explained by a female's recent feeding history. Finally, as predicted, juvenile female cohabitation with mature males (expectation of future mating opportunities) heightens the prevalence of precopulatory attacks by virgin females, suggesting that juvenile experience can alter a female's propensity for sexual cannibalism. This is the first study to suggest that juvenile experience can alter a female's propensity for sexual cannibalism. This finding emphasizes the point that studies of sexual selection and mating systems need to consider the effects of juvenile experience on adult behavior. Copyright 2005.
Waterlogging in Australian agricultural landscapes: a review of plant responses and crop models

Abstract. This review summarises reported observations of the effects of waterlogging on agricultural production in Australia and briefly discusses potential remediation strategies. Inconsistencies are demonstrated in the current indicators used for assessment of waterlogging potential across agricultural landscapes as well as in parameters measured in waterlogging studies. It is suggested that predictions of waterlogging potential for landscapes should be based on a minimum dataset that includes pedological, topographical, and climate data for the defined area, as well as observations of plant morphological appearance and visible surface water. The review also summarises the effects of low oxygen concentration in soil on rhizosphere processes, and discusses evidence for direct effects on plant physiology of reductions in soil oxygen caused by waterlogging. Finally, the review describes current crop growth, water use, and yield simulation models used in Australia (SWAGMAN, DRAINMOD, and APSIM) that incorporate waterlogging stress. It is suggested that there is scope for modifications to these models based on recent improved understanding of plant physiological responses to waterlogging and on further research. The review concludes that improvements in modelling waterlogging outcomes to assist growth and yield predictions should ultimately enhance management capacity for growers.
SAMPLING POPULATIONS OF ADELGES PICEAE (HOMOPTERA: PHYLLOXERIDAE) ON BALSAM FIR, ABIES BALSAMEA

Abstract The balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae, has a complex distribution in the crown of trees; The sample universe and sample units are defined, and methods of detecting, monitoring, and measuring population levels at stated levels of confidence, accuracy, and assurance are described. Suggestions are given for sampling aphids on the stems of trees. Résumé Le Puceron lanigère du Sapin, Adelges piceae, a une distribution complexe dans le houppier. L’univers et l’unité d’échantillonnage sont définis; des méthodes de détection, de contrôle et d’évaluation des niveaux de population à des seuils donnés de confiance, de précision et d’assurance sont décrites. Des suggestions sont faites pour l’échantillonnage des pucerons sur la tige des arbes.
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN FIELD BEAN AND SOYBEAN PROTEINS TEXTURIZED BY EXTRUSION

The solubility of extruded field bean and soybean protein in a pH = 6.9 buffer was less than 22%. Extensive solubilization could be obtained in buffers containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and SDS plus dithiothreitol (DTT). The cysteine + cystine content decreased by 8.5% after extrusion of field bean protein, but remained constant with soybean protein. The content of all other amino acids was not changed; 1.4% (soybean) to 3.2% (field bean) of the lysine residues became chemically unavailable after extrusion. There was no significant formation of lysinoalanine or lanthionine. Electrophoretic patterns of initial and extruded proteins (SDS plus DTT solubilized) were very similar except for the appearance of a low mobility aggregate in extruded field bean protein.
The GABAB Receptor—Structure, Ligand Binding and Drug Development

The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type B receptor (GABAB-R) belongs to class C of the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Together with the GABAA receptor, the receptor mediates the neurotransmission of GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). In recent decades, the receptor has been extensively studied with the intention being to understand pathophysiological roles, structural mechanisms and develop drugs. The dysfunction of the receptor is linked to a broad variety of disorders, including anxiety, depression, alcohol addiction, memory and cancer. Despite extensive efforts, few compounds are known to target the receptor, and only the agonist baclofen is approved for clinical use. The receptor is a mandatory heterodimer of the GABAB1 and GABAB2 subunits, and each subunit is composed of an extracellular Venus Flytrap domain (VFT) and a transmembrane domain of seven α-helices (7TM domain). In this review, we briefly present the existing knowledge about the receptor structure, activation and compounds targeting the receptor, emphasizing the role of the receptor in previous and future drug design and discovery efforts.
Electroacupuncture for post-stroke overactive bladder: a multi-centre pilot randomized controlled trial

Background Although acupuncture has been shown to be effective at treating overactive bladder (OAB) following stroke, to our knowledge, no randomized controlled trial (RCT) examining the effects of acupuncture on patients with post-stroke OAB has been conducted. The aim of this preliminary study was to explore the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) in the treatment of post-stroke OAB. Methods This study was a multi-site randomized, assessor-blind, controlled pilot trial of patients with post-stroke OAB. In all, 34 post-stroke subjects (mean age: 71.0 years; 32.4% female) with OAB symptoms were randomly assigned to the treatment group or control group in a 1:1 ratio. The subjects in the treatment group were treated with six sessions of EA for 4 weeks, while the subjects in the control group received usual care. The primary outcome measure was the overactive bladder symptom scale (OABSS). Secondary outcome measures included a three day bladder diary and the stroke-specific quality-of-life scale (SSQoL). Results EA showed a moderate effect size (ES) on the perceived severity of OAB symptoms as measured by the OABSS at week 5 (one week post-treatment, ES 0.57; p = 0.034) and week 8 (three weeks post-treatment, ES 0.60; p = 0.021), although the results did not remain statistically significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. No significant differences in bladder diary parameters or SSQoL score were found. The EA treatment was well tolerated by the post-stroke subjects. Conclusion A six-session EA treatment was feasible and appeared to reduce OAB symptoms in post-stroke patients. Further fully powered trials are warranted to confirm the efficacy of EA for those with post-stroke OAB.