Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CARBONO, NITROGÊNIO E ATIVIDADE DA BIOMASSA MICROBIANA DE UM SOLO SOB VEGETAÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA DE DIFERENTES IDADES NA AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL

Foram estimados o carbono, nitrogenio e atividade da biomassa microbiana do solo (C-BMS, N-BMS e CO2-BMS, respectivamente) de um Latossolo Amarelo Concrecionario sob vegetacoes secundarias de idades de 2; 6 e 14 anos nas estacoes seca (novembro 2000) e chuvosa (abril 2001) na Amazonia Oriental. O C e N-BMS foram determinados pelo metodo da fumigacao­extracao e o CO2-BMS atraves de uma adaptacao do metodo de fumigacao-incubacao. Foram determinados os indices quociente metabolico (qCO2) e relacao Cmicrobiano:Corganico (CMIC:CORG). A umidade do solo foi significativamente menor na estacao seca. O C-BMS e o N-BMS foram significativamente maiores na estacao seca e na vegetacao secundaria de 14 anos durante a mesma estacao e a relacao Cmic:Corg apresentou o mesmo padrao. Entretanto a respiracao basal apresentou valores significativamente maiores na estacao chuvosa e na vegetacao secundaria de 14 anos durante essa mesma estacao. O qCO2 foi estatisticamente superior durante a estacao chuvosa e nas vegetacoes secundarias de 2 e 6 anos. Os resultados sugerem mudanca na estrutura da comunidade microbiana do solo, indicando maior eficiencia da BMS em imobilizar um elevado teor de C na vegetacao secundaria de 14 anos e durante a estacao seca.
Magnetic, Optical and I-V Characteristics of MoO3 thin films

Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) thin films with cobalt concentration were grown on quartz and n-type Si (100) by thermal evaporation deposition technique. Then the films were thermally annealed for 2 hours under normal environment. The structure is analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to confirm the orthorhombic α-MoO3 phase confirming the crystallinity of thin films. Furthermore, the morphological study is done by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to confirm granular shaped interconnected films. Thicknesses of films are determined by Ellipsometry which vary from 40nm to 140nm with the decrease in Cobalt concentration of thin films. Modifications in optical properties due to the doping of Cobalt in MoO3 thin films are studied in terms of transmittance data and Taucs plot. All films represent direct band gap transitions. The band-gap of MoO3 comes out be 3.32eV from the Taucs plot. A slight change in the band-gaps is found for various films with different concentration. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) results studied at the room temperature confirm the introduced magnetic property as well as the hysteresis loop for the Cobalt doped MoO3 thin films.
Reason-Based Deontic Logic

This paper introduces a system of deontic logic based on the idea that obligations are grounded on reasons. A reason-based deontic system is worth considering for at least three reasons: it may shed light on the way in which obligations are generated; it allows us to cope with conﬂicts between reasons while avoiding conﬂicts between obligations; ﬁnally, it may help us to assess the question as to whether standard deontic logic is appropriate to model basic deontic reasoning. The system I propose is developed in a framework that combines standard and neighborhood semantics and it is proved to be suﬃciently powerful to represent ordinary deontic reasoning and to successfully address some signiﬁcant problems in deontic logic
JOINT CHANCE-CONSTRAINED PROGRAMMING WITH GENERALIZED EXPONENTIAL RANDOM PARAMETERS

In this paper Joint Chance-constrained Programming (JCCP) models are considered when random parameters are independent and follow the generalized exponential distributions 𝐺𝐸 (𝜆 𝑖 , 𝜇 𝑖 , 𝛼 𝑖 ) . The main objective of this paper is to suggest an iterative approach to transform a probabilistic programming model into a sequence of equivalent deterministic linear programming models, which allow introducing several alternative policies for decision maker, then the linear models are solved using the Simplex method that is through two phases. Also, the suggested approach allows to process sensitivity analysis for the unknown probability of each single constraint included in the set of joint constraints. Finally, a numerical example introduced to illustrate the two phases and the alternative polices as well.
Cenozoic Evolution of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Citation: Parra, M. , Echeverri, S. , Patiño, A.M., Ramírez, J.C. , Mora, A. , Sobel, E.R. , Almendral, A. & Pardo–Trujillo, A. 2020. Cenozoic evolution of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. In: Gómez, J. & Mateus–Zabala, D. (editors), The Geology of Colombia, Volume 3 Paleogene – Neogene. Servicio Geológico Colombiano, Publicaciones Geológicas Especiales 37, p. 185–213. Bogotá. https:// doi.org/10.32685/pub.esp.37.2019. 07 Published online 26 November 2020
Capital Allocation, the Leverage Ratio Requirement and Banks’ Risk-Taking∗

This paper examines how the level at which regulatory constraints are applied affects banks’ asset risk. We develop a theoretical model and calibrate it to UK banks. Our main finding is that the impact differs depending on which of regulatory constraints are binding at the group consolidated level. As long as at the consolidated level, only the leverage ratio constraint is binding, the allocation of constraints down does not imply any negative impact on banks’ resilience. However, it could bring about an increase in banks’ asset risk in the case where only the risk-weighted constraint binds at the group level. We also find that the impact on banks’ asset risk of the application level differ across banks’ business models. JEL Classification: G21, G28.
Torrefaction of oil palm frond: The effect of process condition to calorific value and proximate analysis

Oil palm frond can be used as alternative energy source by torrefaction process. Torrefaction is a treatment process of biomass into solid fuel by heating within temperature range of 200-300°C in an inert environment. This research aims to result solid fuel through torrefaction and to study the effect of process variable interaction. Torrefaction of oil palm frond was using fixed bed horizontal reactor with operation condition of temperature (225-275 °C), time (15-45 minutes) and nitrogen flow rate (50-150 ml/min). Responses resulted were calorific value and proximate (moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon). Analysis result was processed by using Design Expert v7.0. 0. Result obtained for calorific value was 17.700-19.600 kJ/kg and for the proximate were moisture range of 3-4%; ash range of 1.5-4%; volatile matter of 45-55% and fixed carbon of 37-46%. The most affecting factor signficantly towards the responses was temperature then followed by time and nitrogen flow rate.
Evaluation of Child Sexual Abuse Cases

Address for Correspondence/Yazışma Adresi: Halil İlhan Aydoğdu MD. , The Ministry of Justice Council of Forensic Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey E-mail: ilhanaydogdu@gmail.com ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5625-673X DOI: 10.17986/blm.1367 Adli Tıp Bülteni 2021;26(2):78-84 Received/Geliş tarihi: 07.12. 2019 Accepted/Kabul tarihi: 28.01. 2021 Objective: Sexual abuse means the sexual exploitation of an individual, who is described as a child in the international treaties and national legal texts, by adults. The present study aims to reach the profile of our region, Turkey, concerning child abuse through the features of the victims applying to the center to reveal the possible differences by comparing the studies in the literature, and to define the additional risk factors to the ones known. Methods: Our study was conducted in Trabzon Child Protection and Advocacy Center. The children who applied during a period of one and a half year, between January 2015 and June 2016, were included in this study. This study involved the retrospective evaluation of the records kept by the center. Results: In this study, 86 (83.5%) of children were girl, 17 (16.5%) of them were boy, and the girl/boy ratio was 0.19. Regarding the age groups, 19 (18.4%) of them were nine years old or younger; 37 (35.9%) of them were between 10 and 14 years old; 47 (45.6 %) of them were 15 years old and older. While the youngest age identified in our study was four, the oldest child age was 18. The average age was 13.11±3.817 years. Conclusion: The findings obtained in this study suggest that in child abuse, the victim hides the abuse for years due to fear, threat or believing not to be relied on and to be humiliated. Thus, victims who suffer from recurrent abuses for long years come out.
Professional Commitment and Its Associated Factors Among Institutional Delivery Services Providers In Public Health Facilities, In Shone District, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract Background: There is paucity of information on level of commitment among health professionals attending delivery service in public health facilities of low-income countries including Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the level and factors associated with professional commitment among institutional delivery services providers at public health facilities in Shone District, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted at primary level public health facilities in Shone District. All health facilities (one primary hospital and 7 health centers) were included in the study. 503 study participants who fulfilled inclusion criteria in proportion to obstetric care providers in each public health facilities were selected by applying simple random sampling. Self-administered Likert scale type of questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to see the association between dependent and explanatory variables. Results: The magnitude of professional commitment for obstetric care providers working in public health facilities of Shone district was 69.4%. In this study, those who worked at hospital, those who had positive attitude toward organizational commitment, and those who had positive attitude toward personal characteristics were 2.4, 2.3 and 1.76 times more likely committed to profession compared with the counterparts respectively. Conclusion: The professional commitment among institutional delivery service provision was medium. All health professional should manage their own personal characteristics to behave in good way to be committed for their profession. Organizational commitment had great influence on professional commitment. Keywords: Health professionals, Commitment, Institutional delivery service, shone district
Does MSPO Certification Matter for Profitability of Malaysian Palm Oil Companies?

With the increased awareness of environmental and sustainable issues, the Malaysian government had announced the Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil certification (MSPO) to be made mandatory by the end of 2019. However, the announcement raised concern among the companies since MSPO will incur additional costs and eventually affect profitability. Thus, this study examines the effect of MSPO on the profitability of 39 listed Malaysian palm oil companies for the period of 2013 to 2017. The results show that MSPO helps to increase companies’ profitability at 3.5%. It, therefore, suggests that palm oil companies should subscribe MSPO and leverage on the certification as an important element of their sustainability measures. JEL Classification: F640, G380
DYNAMICS OF PERSONAL SELLING AND CHANGING SALES SKILLS IN THE DIGITAL AGE

The main objective of the study is to determine at which stage firms are in the process of digitalization and what skills they look for in salespeople in the face of digitalization? A semi-structured interview technique was used. An interview form was developed, which included the following questions: 1) What do you think is the most important quality that salespeople should have? 2) What methods do you use to make sales, and what are their advantages and disadvantages? 3) What do you think about digitalization? 4) How do you think salespeople of the future should be? 5) What kind of training should be provided to salespeople to help them improve themselves? Preliminary interviews were conducted with five sales and marketing managers to assess the suitability of these questions in terms of purpose, meaning, and scope. The interview form was finalized based on the preliminary interviews. According to participants, digitalization is inevitable and the game-changer for business, although the firms they represent, make slow progress in that regard. They stated that salespeople of the future should have a good grasp of information technologies, digital tools, and e-commerce. They also noted that the majority of transactions would be conducted through digital platforms in the future. Therefore, salespeople should be trained on issues such as social media expertise, content management, digital body language, etc.
Evaluating the terminal-velocity assumption in simulations of long-range inert ember transport

Ember transport and subsequent spot-fire development is an important mechanism of fire propagation, particularly in extreme conditions, and particularly in the eucalypt forests of Australia. Early modelling of ember transport used a combination of analytical and experimental work with appropriate simplifying assumptions. One of these simplifying assumptions is the so-called terminal-velocity assumption, in which embers are assumed to fall at all times at their terminal velocities with respect to the wind field. With the advent of high-speed computers, more elaborate sets of equations of motion can be solved numerically to model ember transport, and the terminal-velocity assumption has become less important. However, this adds computational cost and the assumption is sometimes still used. Thurston et al. (2017) used the terminal-velocity assumption to study long-range ember transport in turbulent plumes using a large eddy simulation (LES) model. However, Koo et al. (2012) have modelled surface fire using a high-resolution coupled atmosphere-fire model and showed that simulations of short-range ember transport using the terminal velocity assumption underestimated ember travel distances substantially when compared with simulations in which the assumption was not made. In this preliminary study the validity of the terminal-velocity assumption was examined in the context of the long-range transport of embers in turbulent plumes. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (Skamarock et al., 2008) was used in LES mode to simulate a plume in a turbulent boundary layer. Using the resulting wind field, the transport of embers was modelled under various assumptions, and the results were compared. The effects of combustion were not considered. It was found that if a constant terminal velocity was assumed, then the use of the terminal-velocity assumption overestimated ember travel distances compared with simulations in which the assumption was not made. This effect was attributed partly to variations in atmospheric density, and partly to the fact that embers have momentum, and do not respond instantly to changes in the incident wind field.
POSO: Personalized Cold Start Modules for Large-scale Recommender Systems

Recommendation for new users, also called user cold start, has been a well-recognized challenge for online recommender systems. Most existing methods view the crux as the lack of initial data. However, in this paper, we argue that there are neglected problems: 1) New users' behaviour follows much different distributions from regular users. 2) Although personalized features are involved, heavily imbalanced samples prevent the model from balancing new/regular user distributions, as if the personalized features are overwhelmed. We name the problem as the"submergence"of personalization. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel module: Personalized COld Start MOdules (POSO). Considering from a model architecture perspective, POSO personalizes existing modules by introducing multiple user-group-specialized sub-modules. Then, it fuses their outputs by personalized gates, resulting in comprehensive representations. In such way, POSO projects imbalanced features to even modules. POSO can be flexibly integrated into many existing modules and effectively improves their performance with negligible computational overheads. The proposed method shows remarkable advantage in industrial scenario. It has been deployed on the large-scale recommender system of Kwai, and improves new user Watch Time by a large margin (+7.75%). Moreover, POSO can be further generalized to regular users, inactive users and returning users (+2%-3% on Watch Time), as well as item cold start (+3.8% on Watch Time). Its effectiveness has also been verified on public dataset (MovieLens 20M). We believe such practical experience can be well generalized to other scenarios.
A Large-scale Temporal Measurement of Android Malicious Apps: Persistence, Migration, and Lessons Learned

We study the temporal dynamics of potentially harmful apps (PHAs) on Android by leveraging 8.8M daily on-device detections collected among 11.7M customers of a popular mobile security product between 2019 and 2020. We show that the current security model of Android, which limits security products to run as regular apps and prevents them from automatically removing malicious apps opens a significant window of opportunity for attackers. Such apps warn users about the newly discovered threats, but users do not promptly act on this information, allowing PHAs to persist on their device for an average of 24 days after they are detected. We also find that while app markets remove PHAs after these become known, there is a significant delay between when PHAs are identified and when they are removed: PHAs persist on Google Play for 77 days on average and 34 days on third party marketplaces. Finally, we find evidence of PHAs migrating to other marketplaces after being removed on the original one. This paper provides an unprecedented view of the Android PHA landscape, showing that current defenses against PHAs on Android are not as effective as commonly thought, and identifying multiple research directions that the security community should pursue, from orchestrating more effective PHA takedowns to devising better alerts for mobile security products.
Tensor Principal Component Analysis in High Dimensional CP Models

The CP decomposition for high dimensional non-orthogonal spiked tensors is an important problem with broad applications across many disciplines. However, previous works with theoretical guarantee typically assume restrictive incoherence conditions on the basis vectors for the CP components. In this paper, we propose new computationally efficient composite PCA and concurrent orthogonalization algorithms for tensor CP decomposition with theoretical guarantees under mild incoherence conditions. The composite PCA applies the principal component or singular value decompositions twice, first to a matrix unfolding of the tensor data to obtain singular vectors and then to the matrix folding of the singular vectors obtained in the first step. It can be used as an initialization for any iterative optimization schemes for the tensor CP decomposition. The concurrent orthogonalization algorithm iteratively estimates the basis vector in each mode of the tensor by simultaneously applying projections to the orthogonal complements of the spaces generated by other CP components in other modes. It is designed to improve the alternating least squares estimator and other forms of the high order orthogonal iteration for tensors with low or moderately high CP ranks, and it is guaranteed to have second or higher order convergence when the error of any given initial estimator is bounded by a small constant. Our theoretical investigation provides estimation accuracy and convergence rates for the two proposed algorithms. Both proposed algorithms are applicable to deterministic tensor, its noisy version, and the order- $2K$ covariance tensor of order- $K$ tensor data in a factor model with uncorrelated factors. Simulation experiments demonstrate significant practical superiority of our approach over existing methods.
How Commonsense Knowledge Helps with Natural Language Tasks: A Survey of Recent Resources and Methodologies

In this paper, we give an overview of commonsense reasoning in natural language processing, which requires a deeper understanding of the contexts and usually involves inference over implicit external knowledge. We first review some popular commonsense knowledge bases and commonsense reasoning benchmarks, but give more emphasis on the methodologies, including recent approaches that aim at solving some general natural language problems that take advantage of external knowledge bases. Finally, we discuss some future directions in pushing the boundary of commonsense reasoning in natural language processing.
Evolution of NOMA Toward Next Generation Multiple Access (NGMA) for 6G

Due to the explosive growth in the number of wireless devices and diverse wireless services, such as virtual/augmented reality and Internet-of-Everything, next generation wireless networks face unprecedented challenges caused by heterogeneous data traffic, massive connectivity, and ultra-high bandwidth efficiency and ultra-low latency requirements. To address these challenges, advanced multiple access schemes are expected to be developed, namely next generation multiple access (NGMA), which are capable of supporting massive numbers of users in a more resource- and complexity-efficient manner than existing multiple access schemes. As the research on NGMA is in a very early stage, in this paper, we explore the evolution of NGMA with a particular focus on non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), i.e., the transition from NOMA to NGMA. In particular, we first review the fundamental capacity limits of NOMA, elaborate on the new requirements for NGMA, and discuss several possible candidate techniques. Moreover, given the high compatibility and flexibility of NOMA, we provide an overview of current research efforts on multi-antenna techniques for NOMA, promising future application scenarios of NOMA, and the interplay between NOMA and other emerging physical layer techniques. Furthermore, we discuss advanced mathematical tools for facilitating the design of NOMA communication systems, including conventional optimization approaches and new machine learning techniques. Next, we propose a unified framework for NGMA based on multiple antennas and NOMA, where both downlink and uplink transmissions are considered, thus setting the foundation for this emerging research area. Finally, several practical implementation challenges for NGMA are highlighted as motivation for future work.
Symmetries, safety, and self-supervision

Collider searches face the challenge of defining a representation of high-dimensional data such that physical symmetries are manifest, the discriminating features are retained, and the choice of representation is new-physics agnostic. We introduce JetCLR to solve the mapping from low-level data to optimized observables through self-supervised contrastive learning. As an example, we construct a data representation for top and QCD jets using a permutation-invariant transformer-encoder network and visualize its symmetry properties. We compare the JetCLR representation with alternative representations using linear classifier tests and find it to work quite well.