Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Heterogeneous Joule Heating as the Explanation for the Transient Electroplastic Stress Drop in Pulsed Tension of 7075-T6 Aluminum

The electroplastic effect can be predicted and modeled as a 100% bulk heating/softening phenomenon in the quasi-steady-state; however, these same models do not accurately predict flow stress in transient cases. In this work, heterogeneous Joule heating is examined as the possible cause for the transient stress drop during quasi-static pulsed tension of 7075-T6 aluminum. A multiscale finite element model is constructed where heterogeneous thermal softening is explored through the representation of grains, grain boundaries, and precipitates. Electrical resistivity is modeled as a function of temperature and dislocation density. In order to drive the model to predict the observed stress drop, the bulk temperature of the specimen exceeds experiment, while the dislocation density and grain boundary electrical resistivity exceed published values, thereby suggesting that microscale heterogeneous heating theory is not the full explanation for the transient electroplastic effect. A new theory for explaining the electroplastic effect based on dissolution of bonds is proposed called the Electron Stagnation Theory.
A Critical View of Global Optimality in Deep Learning

We investigate the loss surface of deep linear and nonlinear neural networks. We show that for deep linear networks with differentiable losses, critical points after the multilinear parameterization inherit the structure of critical points of the underlying loss with linear parameterization. As corollaries we obtain "local minima are global" results that subsume most previous results, while showing how to distinguish global minima from saddle points. For nonlinear neural networks, we prove two theorems showing that even for networks with one hidden layer, there can be spurious local minima. Indeed, for piecewise linear nonnegative homogeneous activations (e.g., ReLU), we prove that for almost all practical datasets there exist infinitely many local minima that are not global. We conclude by constructing a counterexample involving other activation functions (e.g., sigmoid, tanh, arctan, etc.), for which there exists a local minimum strictly inferior to the global minimum.
Accuracy and uncertainty in random speckle modulation transfer function measurement of infrared focal plane arrays

Abstract. This paper expands upon a previously reported random speckle technique for measuring the modulation transfer function of midwave infrared focal plane arrays by considering a number of factors that impact the accuracy of the estimated modulation transfer function. These factors arise from assumptions in the theoretical derivation and bias in the estimation procedure. Each factor is examined and guidelines are determined to maintain accuracy within 2% of the true value. The uncertainty of the measurement is found by applying a one-factor ANOVA analysis and confidence intervals are established for the results. The small magnitude of the confidence intervals indicates a very robust technique capable of distinguishing differences in modulation transfer function among focal plane arrays on the order of a few percent. This analysis directly indicates the high quality of the random speckle modulation transfer function measurement technique. The methodology is applied to a focal plane array and results are presented that emphasize the need for generating independent random speckle realizations to accurately assess measured values.
Amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids in the tropical oligotrophic Atlantic Ocean: sea-to-air transfer and atmospheric in situ formation

Abstract. This study examines carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids as important contributors to organic carbon (OC) in the tropical Atlantic Ocean at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO). The above compounds were measured in both surface seawater and in ambient sub-micron aerosol particles to investigate their sea-to-air transfer, including their enrichment in the sea surface microlayer (SML), potential atmospheric in situ formation or degradation, and their oceanic contribution to the ambient marine aerosol particles. In bulk seawater and the SML, similar distributions among species were found for the lipids and carbohydrates with moderate SML enrichments (enrichment factors EFSML = 1.3 ± 0.2 and 1.1 ± 0.5 respectively). In contrast, the amino acids exhibited a higher enrichment in the SML with an average EFSML of 2.3 ± 0.4, although they are less surface-active than lipids. The same compounds studied in the seawater were found on the ambient sub-micron aerosol particles, whereas the lipids' enrichment was more pronounced (EFaer.=1.6×105) compared to the amino acids and carbohydrates (EFaer.=1.5×103 and 1.3×103 respectively), likely due to their high surface activity and/or the lipophilic character. Detailed molecular analysis of the seawater and aerosol particles revealed changes in the relative abundance of the individual organic compounds. They were most pronounced for the amino acids and are likely related to an in situ atmospheric processing by biotic and/or abiotic reactions. On average, 49 % of the OC on the aerosol particles (=∧97 ng m−3) could be attributed to the specific components or component groups investigated in this study. The majority (43 %) was composed of lipids. Carbohydrates and amino acids made up less than 1 % of the OC. This shows that carbohydrates, at least when resolved via molecular measurements of single sugars, do not comprise a very large fraction of OC on marine aerosol particles, in contrast to other studies. However, carbohydrate-like compounds are also present in the high lipid fraction (e.g. as glycolipids), but their chemical composition could not be revealed by the measurements performed here. Previously determined OC components at the CVAO, specifically amines, oxalic acid, and carbonyls, comprised an OC fraction of around 6 %. Since the identified compounds constituted about 50 % of the OC and belong to the rather short-lived biogenic material probably originating from the surface ocean, a pronounced coupling between ocean and atmosphere was indicated for this oligotrophic region. The remaining, non-identified OC fraction might in part contain recalcitrant OC; however, this fraction does not constitute the vast majority of OC in the aerosol particles investigated here.
Celebrity Endorsement di Instagram – TEARS Model : Perilaku Pembelian Konsumen di Masa Pandemi Covid 19

Masyarakat mengalami kondisi yang tidak biasa selama kurang lebih 2 tahun terakhir. Bahkan pemerintah fokus untuk menyelesaikan pandemi baik secara financial maupun nonfinancial. Hal ini menyebabkan munculnya kebiasaan baru di tengah masyarakat temasuk perilaku pembelian masyarakat selaku konsumen. Di sisi lain, hal ini menyebabkan perusahaan mulai mengoptimalkan penggunaan teknologi dalam proses pemasaran (digital marketing) termasuk melalui media sosial salah satunya melalui instagram. Keberadaan public figure sebagai influencer menempatkan mereka sebagai icon pada suatu produk (celebrity endorsement). Namun, pandemi memberikan dampak cukup besar terutama penurunan pendapatan masyarakat, terjadinya PHK, dan meluasnya kemiskinan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa faktor endorser tidak lagi menempati faktor utama dalam menentukan perilaku pembelian masyarakat khususnya mahasiswa karena terjadinya pergeseran pembiayaan mengutamakan kesehatan dan makanan. Berdasarkan analisis TEARS model, hanya similarity yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap perilaku pembelian konsumen terutama mahasiswa. Adanya rasa kesamaan pada usia, hoby, etnis dan sebagainya menjadi penyebab variabel ini memberikan pengaruh terhadap perilaku pembelian mahasiswa.
Weakened Magnetization and Onset of Large-scale Turbulence in the Young Solar Wind—Comparisons of Remote Sensing Observations with Simulation

Recent analysis of Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) imaging observations have described the early stages of the development of turbulence in the young solar wind in solar minimum conditions. Here we extend this analysis to a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of the corona and solar wind based on inner boundary conditions, either dipole or magnetogram type, that emulate solar minimum. The simulations have been calibrated using Ulysses and 1 au observations, and allow, within a well-understood context, a precise determination of the location of the Alfvén critical surfaces and the first plasma beta equals unity surfaces. The compatibility of the the STEREO observations and the simulations is revealed by direct comparisons. Computation of the radial evolution of second-order magnetic field structure functions in the simulations indicates a shift toward more isotropic conditions at scales of a few Gm, as seen in the STEREO observations in the range 40–60 R⊙. We affirm that the isotropization occurs in the vicinity of the first beta unity surface. The interpretation based on early stages of in situ solar wind turbulence evolution is further elaborated, emphasizing the relationship of the observed length scales to the much smaller scales that eventually become the familiar turbulence inertial range cascade. We argue that the observed dynamics is the very early manifestation of large-scale in situ nonlinear couplings that drive turbulence and heating in the solar wind.
The potentials of Sentinel-2 and LandSat-8 data in green infrastructure extraction, using object based image analysis (OBIA) method

ABSTRACT Green infrastructure (GI) mapping and monitoring is crucial in urban areas, and remote sensing is widely used to accomplish the task. Improved moderate resolution Sentinel-2A (10 m) and LandSat-8 (15 m) images, in place of commercial satellite images, enable GI mapping with little to no cost. Considering so, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential of GI feature extraction of Sentinel-2A (S2) and LandSat-8 (L8) (freely available images) using the Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) method. The advantage of using OBIA over pixel-based analysis has been investigated primarily with very high resolution images. Using OBIA, bottom up (i.e. Multiresolution) and top down (i.e. Spectral Difference) segmentation were implemented using eCognition to obtain image objects for both S2 and L8 images. Then, rule-based classification was performed to extract GI areas from the objects. NDVI, NDWI, NIR/R ratios were utilized in rule set development, after several trial and error process. Both S2 and L8 provided acceptable extraction of GI for urban areas. However, with an overall accuracy of 71.24%, S2 was more effective when extracting GI areas. Shadows along roads and high rise buildings caused some inaccuracy in classification.
Motif-Based Exploratory Data Analysis for State-Backed Platform Manipulation on Twitter

State-backed platform manipulation (SBPM) on Twitter has been a prominent public issue since the 2016 US election cycle. Identifying and characterizing users on Twitter as belonging to a state-backed campaign is an important part of mitigating their inﬂuence. In this paper, we propose a novel time series feature grounded in social science to characterize dynamic user networks on Twitter. We introduce a classiﬁcation approach, motif functional data analysis (MFDA), that captures the evolution of motifs in temporal networks, which is a useful feature for analyzing malign inﬂuence. We evaluate MFDA on data from known SBPM campaigns on Twitter and representative authentic data and compare performance to other classiﬁcation methods. To further leverage our dynamic feature, we use the changes in network structure captured by motifs to help uncover real-world events using anomaly detection.
Complexity of teen mothers and its implications on family wellbeing in Rwanda

In an attempt to understand the complexity of teen parents and associated consequences, the present study was conducted. It examines the connection between teen parents and family well-being in five selected Districts of Rwanda. Data were collected from 226 respondents randomly selected. Respondents included 176 teen mothers, 30 parents of teen mothers and 20 local leaders. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data were presented in percentages while content analysis was used for qualitative data. The results revealed that teen mothers are exposed to various social and economic problems. Rejected and depressed, 61.4% of pregnant teens thought about abortion and were restricted by lack of financial means while 9% thought about suicide which affects the physical and mental health of both teens and their children. Furthermore, 80.4% of teen mothers were not given the opportunity to resume their studies after delivering which amplifies their poverty exposure and their children as well. Parents/guardians need to be supportive through good communication so as to know what their children are going through and advise them accordingly. Moreover, they should bear with them in case a pregnancy occurs so that they may not feel depressed and think of abortion or suicide. They should not chase them from home since it increases their exposure to repeated pregnancies. There is a need of sensitizing the community about strategies that can reduce teen mothers’ rates as well as appropriate action in case teens get impregnated.
Automatic segmentation of the thumb trapeziometacarpal joint using parametric statistical shape modelling and random forest regression voting

ABSTRACT We propose an automatic pipeline for creating shape modelling suitable parametric meshes of the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint from clinical CT images for the purpose of batch processing and analysis. The method uses 3D random forest regression voting with statistical shape model segmentation. The method was demonstrated in a validation experiment involving 65 CT images, 15 of which were randomly selected to be excluded from the training set for testing. With mean root mean squared errors of 1.066 and 0.632 mm for the first metacarpal and trapezial bones, respectively, and a segmentation time of ~2 min per CT image, the preliminary results showed promise for providing accurate 3D meshes of TMC joint bones for batch processing.
Combine Therapy of Gallic Acid and Allicin in Management of Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes, also known (DM) is a metabolic disorder with a high mortality and disability incidence. The development and activation of oxidative stress (OS) are crucial to the pathogenic development of DM. Pathophysiological evidence suggests that OS contributes to the onset and progression of DM through its association with hyperglycemia, resistance to insulin, and inflammation. It's worth noting that more and more studies are investigating the benefits of natural antioxidants for managing DM. Many different types of culinary and herbal plants contain the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds gallic acid (GA) and allicin, respectively. The synthesis of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is inhibited, fat is stored less, blood sugar and weight are improved, and the body produces fewer AGEs, according to the study's authors. Inhibition of RAGEs and prevention of AGE activity following treatment with GA and allicin resulted in reduced oxidative stress and enhanced insulin secretion. The goals of this article are to (1) provide evidence that GA and allicin may be effective antihyperglycemic treatments for DM and its complications and (2) provide a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge regarding studies examining the role of oleic acid in this disease.
Spontaneous emission in the linear problem of shock wave disturbance in a non-classical case

The isentropic solutions of the linear problem of the shock wave disturbance are considered for a special (non-classical) case, where the both pre-shock and post-shock flows are subsonic. As it is known, only neutral stability is possible here, hence the spontaneous emission appears. The spontaneously emitted waves are studied and their general form is determined both for damped and oscillating initial values. For oscillating initial values both non-resonant and resonant cases are considered. Some interesting distinctions from the classical case are found. First, the spontaneously emitted acoustic waves are evanescent with respect to the variable normal to the shock but oscillate with respect to time. Second, only initial pre-shock vorticity wave may cause the resonance, while the resonance is impossible for initial acoustic both pre-shock and post-shock waves.
Particle fountains in a confined environment

We present new experiments and theoretical models of the motion of relatively dense particles carried upwards by a liquid jet into a laterally confined space filled with the same liquid. The incoming jet is negatively buoyant and rises to a finite height, at which the dense mixture of liquid and particles, diluted by the entrainment of ambient liquid, falls back to the floor. The mixture further dilutes during the collapse and then spreads out across the floor and supplies an up-flow outside the fountain equal to the source volume flux plus the total entrained volume flux. The fate of the particles depends on the particle fall speed, $u_{fall}$ , compared to (i) the characteristic fountain velocity in the fountain core, $u_{F}$ , (ii) the maximum upward velocity in the ambient fluid outside the fountain, $u_{u}(0)$ , which occurs at the base of the fountain, and (iii) the upward velocity in the ambient fluid above the top of the fountain associated with the original volume flux in the liquid jet, $u_{BG}$ . From this comparison we identify four regimes. (I) If $u_{fall}>u_{F}$ , then the particles separate from the fountain and settle on the floor. (II) If $u_{F}>u_{fall}>u_{u}(0)$ , the particles are carried to the top of the fountain but then settle as the collapsing flow around the fountain spreads out across the floor; we do not observe particle suspension in the background flow. (III) For $u_{u}(0)>u_{fall}>u_{BG}$ we observe a particle-laden layer outside the fountain which extends from the floor of the tank to a point below the top of the fountain. The density of this lower particle-laden layer equals the density of the collapsing fountain fluid as it passes downwards through this interface. The collapsing fluid then spreads out horizontally through the depth of this particle-laden layer, instead of continuing downwards around the rising fountain. In the lower layer, the negatively buoyant source fluid in fact rises as a negatively buoyant jet, but this transitions into a fountain above the upper interface of the particle-laden layer. The presence of the particles in the lower layer reduces the density difference between fountain and environment, leading to an increase in the fountain height. (IV) If $u_{fall}<u_{BG}$ then an ascending front of particles rises above the fountain and eventually fills the entire tank up to the level where fluid is removed from the tank. We compare the results of a series of new laboratory experiments with simple theoretical investigations for each case, and discuss the relevance of our results.
Review of Inexpensive Adsorbents for Removing Boron from Aqueous Solutions

: Boron is one of the essential elements for plants, animals, and humans, but its excess poses a great risk to life. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively remove boron from various boron-containing aqueous solutions to reduce damage to living things. There have been many studies on the adsorbent for removing boron from the boron-containing aqueous solution, but many of them are expensive or cannot be industrialized or commercialized, so they remain in the laboratory stage. Reducing the cost of adsorbent and realizing commercialization can be said to be the key links to successfully solving the problem of boron removal from an aqueous solution. The purpose of this review is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of inexpensive adsorbents used for boron removal from industrial wastewater and drinking water and to discuss future research directions. This article summarizes the development and utilization of inexpensive adsorbents, including inorganic materials, natural materials
Impact of dividend policy on stock prices

This study aims to test and analyze the research model by using dividend policy as an intervening variable on the effect of firm value and capital structure on firm value. Other variables influencing the stock price are investment opportunity set, trading volume activity, and profitability. The objects of this research are companies included in the LQ45 index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2012 - 2021. The analytical tool we use is path analysis to test the effect of exogenous variables on endogenous variables, including testing direct and indirect effects. The results of testing 177 samples over a period of 10 years resulted in the finding that the dividend policy with the DPR (Dividend Payout Ratio) indicator was unable to mediate funding policy and firm value in increasing stock prices. Another study found that factors that increase SP (stock prices) in a positive and significant direction of influence are ROE (Return On Equity), and DPR (Dividend Payout Ratio), while other variables such as PER (Price Earning Ratio) and DER (Debt to Equity Ratio) do not significantly increase SP (Stock Prices) despite the positive direction of influence. While the factors that can reduce SP (Stock Prices) in our study are DAR (Debt to Assets Ratio) and TVA (Trading Volume Activity), and other factors that do not significantly reduce SP (Stock Prices) even though the direction of influence is negative are PBV (Price to Book Value) and ROA (Return on Assets).
Blocking CCN2 Reduces Established Bone Loss Induced by Prolonged Intense Loading by Increasing Osteoblast Activity in Rats

We have an operant model of reaching and grasping in which detrimental bone remodeling is observed rather than beneficial adaptation when rats perform a high‐repetition, high‐force (HRHF) task long term. Here, adult female Sprague–Dawley rats performed an intense HRHF task for 18 weeks, which we have shown induces radial trabecular bone osteopenia. One cohort was euthanized at this point (to assay the bone changes post task; HRHF‐Untreated). Two other cohorts were placed on 6 weeks of rest while being simultaneously treated with either an anti‐CCN2 (FG‐3019, 40 mg/kg body weight, ip; twice per week; HRHF‐Rest/anti‐CCN2), or a control IgG (HRHF‐Rest/IgG), with the purpose of determining which might improve the trabecular bone decline. Results were compared with food‐restricted control rats (FRC). MicroCT analysis of distal metaphysis of radii showed decreased trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and thickness in HRHF‐Untreated rats compared with FRCs; responses improved with HRHF‐Rest/anti‐CCN2. Rest/IgG also improved trabecular thickness but not BV/TV. Histomorphometry showed that rest with either treatment improved osteoid volume and task‐induced increases in osteoclasts. Only the HRHF‐Rest/anti‐CCN2 treatment improved osteoblast numbers, osteoid width, mineralization, and bone formation rate compared with HRHF‐Untreated rats (as well as the latter three attributes compared with HRHF‐Rest/IgG rats). Serum ELISA results were in support, showing increased osteocalcin and decreased CTX‐1 in HRHF‐Rest/anti‐CCN2 rats compared with both HRHF‐Untreated and HRHF‐Rest/IgG rats. These results are highly encouraging for use of anti‐CCN2 for therapeutic treatment of bone loss, such as that induced by chronic overuse. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.