Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychopathology of Young Terrorist Offenders, and the Interaction With Ideology and Grievances

Psychopathology might be a risk factor for terrorist offending as it is for violent offending. Therefore, we examined the prevalence of psychopathology in young and adult Jihadist terrorist offenders on the basis of primary source judicial information and forensic mental health reports with the European Database of convicted Terrorist offenders (EDT). We hypothesised that psychopathology might be associated with ideological risk factors, and that these associations might be different for young and adult terrorist offenders. Therefore, we examined whether and to what extent psychopathology is related to a violent ideology, to grievances and anger about perceived injustice. We investigated whether this differs among 120 adult and 46 juvenile terrorist offenders. We found that most adult and young Jihadist terrorist offenders with a forensic mental health report had psychopathological problems. Most frequently found were symptoms and traits of intellectual disability disorders, depressive disorders, psychotic/schizophrenic disorders, substance use disorders, and personality disorders. Most frequently found clinically relevant personality traits were problems with relationships, poor regulation of aggression, feelings of anger, and paranoid feelings. We found some first indications for a positive association between psychopathology and grievances and anger about perceived injustice. In the young terrorist offenders with depressive symptoms, grievances about perceived injustice were more often present than in young terrorist offenders without these symptoms. In adult terrorist offenders it was found that grievances about perceived injustice and the anger were related to cluster B personality traits. In addition, in both young and adult terrorist offenders expressed grievances about perceived injustice were related to problems with relationships. Further research into psychopathology in terrorist offenders seems necessary with larger groups of adolescents and adults in relation to ideological, personal and contextual risk factors and how these factors relate to different terrorist acts. This may lead to more knowledge about engagement into terrorism and possible disengagement from terrorism. It may also lead to the inclusion of psychopathology into violent extremism risk assessment tools.
Intermediate Cells of Dual Embryonic Origin Follow a Basal to Apical Gradient of Ingression Into the Lateral Wall of the Cochlea

Intermediate cells of the stria vascularis are neural crest derived melanocytes. They are essential for the establishment of the endocochlear potential in the inner ear, which allows mechanosensory hair cells to transduce sound into nerve impulses. Despite their importance for normal hearing, how these cells develop and migrate to their position in the lateral wall of the cochlea has not been studied. We find that as early as E10.5 some Schwann cell precursors in the VIIIth ganglion begin to express melanocyte specific markers while neural crest derived melanoblasts migrate into the otic vesicle. Intermediate cells of both melanoblast and Schwann cell precursor origin ingress into the lateral wall of the cochlea starting at around E15.5 following a basal to apical gradient during embryonic development, and continue to proliferate postnatally.
“The Spy Who Loved Me”: A Qualitative Exploratory Analysis of the Relationship Between Youth and Algorithms

This paper presents the results of a study which aims at understanding how social media platforms influence the formation of opinions of young adults (18–25) through content personalization. To do this, we problematize the so-called “filter bubble” phenomenon. We first go back to the literature and propose to depart from trying to assess the existence of and quantify the presence of filter bubbles on social media. We propose to focus on news use and access to content diversity related to political opinion formation and the impact of algorithms on the presence of said diversity. We then propose a theoretical framework—Activity Theory (AT)—for the understanding modeling the diversity of practices as well as the discourses regarding these practices of youth on social media regarding access to the diversity of content and news. In particular, the division of phenomena in three levels (operations, actions, and activities) is used to build up a canvas for a model that will be tested enriched with the new data. The so-called “pyramidal model” is also discussed and applied to our research topic. The third part of this paper summarizes the methods used to gather the data through a method we call “online in praxis interviews. ” We then present the results, which show a relative knowledge of the mechanisms of content recommendations on social media as well as the tactics young people use to increase or mitigate them.
Developing Methods For Designing Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Morphing Aerostructures

Developing Methods for Designing Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Morphing Aerostructures. (August 2012) Stephen Daniel Oehler, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Dimitris C. Lagoudas The past twenty years have seen the successful characterization and computational modeling efforts by the smart materials community to better understand the Shape Memory Alloy (SMA). Commercially available numerical analysis tools, coupled with powerful constitutive models, have been shown to be highly accurate for predicting the response of these materials when subjected to predetermined loading conditions. This thesis acknowledges the development of such an established analysis framework and proposes an expanded design framework that is capable of accounting for the complex coupling behavior between SMA components and the surrounding assembly or system. In order to capture these effects, additional analysis tools are implemented in addition to the standard use of the non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) solver and a full, robust SMA constitutive model coded as a custom user-defined material subroutine (UMAT). These additional tools include a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver, a cosimulation module that allows separate FEA and CFD solvers to iteratively analyze fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and conjugate heat transfer (CHT) problems, and the addition of the latent heat term to the heat equations in the UMAT to fully account for transient thermomechanical coupling. Procedures for optimizing SMA component and assembly designs through iterative analysis are also introduced at the highest level. These techniques are implemented using commercially available simulation process management and scripting tools. The expanded framework is demonstrated on example engineering
Desmin Modulates Muscle Cell Adhesion and Migration

Cellular adhesion and migration are key functions that are disrupted in numerous diseases. We report that desmin, a type-III muscle-specific intermediate filament, is a novel cell adhesion regulator. Expression of p.R406W mutant desmin, identified in patients with desmin-related myopathy, modified focal adhesion area and expression of adhesion-signaling genes in myogenic C2C12 cells. Satellite cells extracted from desmin-knock-out (DesKO) and desmin-knock-in-p.R405W (DesKI-R405W) mice were less adhesive and migrated faster than those from wild-type mice. Moreover, we observed mislocalized and aggregated vinculin, a key component of cell adhesion, in DesKO and DesKI-R405W muscles. Vinculin expression was also increased in desmin-related myopathy patient muscles. Together, our results establish a novel role for desmin in cell-matrix adhesion, an essential process for strength transmission, satellite cell migration and muscle regeneration. Our study links the patho-physiological mechanisms of desminopathies to adhesion/migration defects, and may lead to new cellular targets for novel therapeutic approaches.
Sub-Lineage Specific Phenolic Glycolipid Patterns in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Lineage 1

“Ancestral” Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains of Lineage 1 (L1, East African Indian) are a prominent tuberculosis (TB) cause in countries around the Indian Ocean. However, the pathobiology of L1 strains is insufficiently characterized. Here, we used whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 312 L1 strains from 43 countries to perform a characterization of the global L1 population structure and correlate this to the analysis of the synthesis of phenolic glycolipids (PGL) – known MTBC polyketide-derived virulence factors. Our results reveal the presence of eight major L1 sub-lineages, whose members have specific mutation signatures in PGL biosynthesis genes, e.g., pks15/1 or glycosyltransferases Rv2962c and/or Rv2958c. Sub-lineage specific PGL production was studied by NMR-based lipid profiling and strains with a completely abolished phenolphthiocerol dimycoserosate biosynthesis showed in average a more prominent growth in human macrophages. In conclusion, our results show a diverse population structure of L1 strains that is associated with the presence of specific PGL types. This includes the occurrence of mycoside B in one sub-lineage, representing the first description of a PGL in an M. tuberculosis lineage other than L2. Such differences may be important for the evolution of L1 strains, e.g., allowing adaption to different human populations.
Runs of Homozygosity Uncover Potential Functional-Altering Mutation Associated With Body Weight and Length in Two Duroc Pig Lines

Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are widely used to investigate genetic diversity, demographic history, and positive selection signatures of livestock. Commercial breeds provide excellent materials to reveal the landscape of ROH shaped during the intense selection process. Here, we used the GeneSeek Porcine 50K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Chip data of 3,770 American Duroc (AD) and 2,096 Canadian Duroc (CD) pigs to analyze the genome-wide ROH. First, we showed that AD had a moderate genetic differentiation with CD pigs, and AD had more abundant genetic diversity and significantly lower level of inbreeding than CD pigs. In addition, sows had larger levels of homozygosity than boars in AD pigs. These differences may be caused by differences in the selective intensity. Next, ROH hotspots revealed that many candidate genes are putatively under selection for growth, sperm, and muscle development in two lines. Population-specific ROHs inferred that AD pigs may have a special selection for female reproduction, while CD pigs may have a special selection for immunity. Moreover, in the overlapping ROH hotspots of two Duroc populations, we observed a missense mutation (rs81216249) located in the growth and fat deposition-related supergene (ARSB-DMGDH-BHMT) region. The derived allele of this variant originated from European pigs and was nearly fixed in Duroc pigs. Further selective sweep and association analyses indicated that this supergene was subjected to strong selection and probably contributed to the improvement of body weight and length in Duroc pigs. These findings will enhance our understanding of ROH patterns in different Duroc lines and provide promising trait-related genes and a functional-altering marker that can be used for genetic improvement of pigs.
Roles of RNA Modifications in Diverse Cellular Functions

Chemical modifications of RNA molecules regulate both RNA metabolism and fate. The deposition and function of these modifications are mediated by the actions of writer, reader, and eraser proteins. At the cellular level, RNA modifications regulate several cellular processes including cell death, proliferation, senescence, differentiation, migration, metabolism, autophagy, the DNA damage response, and liquid-liquid phase separation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that RNA modifications play active roles in the physiology and etiology of multiple diseases due to their pervasive roles in cellular functions. Here, we will summarize recent advances in the regulatory and functional role of RNA modifications in these cellular functions, emphasizing the context-specific roles of RNA modifications in mammalian systems. As m6A is the best studied RNA modification in biological processes, this review will summarize the emerging advances on the diverse roles of m6A in cellular functions. In addition, we will also provide an overview for the cellular functions of other RNA modifications, including m5C and m1A. Furthermore, we will also discuss the roles of RNA modifications within the context of disease etiologies and highlight recent advances in the development of therapeutics that target RNA modifications. Elucidating these context-specific functions will increase our understanding of how these modifications become dysregulated during disease pathogenesis and may provide new opportunities for improving disease prevention and therapy by targeting these pathways.
Different Complement Activation Pathways Underly Cognitive Impairment and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Combined With Cognitive Impairment

Background The immune response and the complement system are associated with cognitive impairment and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Activation of the complement system in these diseases occurs mainly through either the classical pathway or the alternative pathway. However, the specific complement proteins involved in the development of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cognitive impairment are still unclear. Here, we investigated complement proteins in serum from patients with T2DM, cognitive impairment, or both T2DM and cognitive impairment. Objective To investigate the levels of serum immune complement proteins in patients with T2DM, cognitive impairment, or T2DM combined with cognitive impairment and the associations between these complement proteins and risk factors for T2DM or cognitive impairment. Methods Clinical markers were collected from blood samples of 264 participants. Luminex multiplex assays were used to detect serum complement proteins. All statistical analyses were performed using Prism or R studio. Results There was a difference in serum levels of the complement proteins C1q, C3, C3b, and FH between the three different groups. Hyperglycemia was significantly correlated with elevated C3b or reduced C3, C1q, and FH. In addition, hyperlipidemia was positively correlated with elevated levels of C3, C4, C1q, and FH proteins. There was an association between C1q, C3, C4, and FH and β-pancreas cell function, whereas only FH was associated with insulin resistance. Higher serum C1q was significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Conclusion Serum levels of complement proteins were closely associated with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. We found that classical complement pathway activation mainly occurred in the cognitive impairment only group, whereas the alternative pathway may reflect T2DM and T2DM with cognitive impairment.
Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis: The Role of Inflammatory Markers

This is a narrative review on the role of biomarkers in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. We describe the difficulties to obtain standardized definitions in neonatal sepsis and discuss the limitations of published evidence of cut-off values and their sensitivities and specificities. Maternal risk factors influence the results of inflammatory markers as do gestational age, the time of sampling, the use of either cord blood or neonatal peripheral blood, and some non-infectious causes. Current evidence suggests that the use of promising diagnostic markers such as CD11b, CD64, IL-6, IL-8, PCT, and CRP, either alone or in combination, might enable clinicians discontinuing antibiotics confidently within 24–48 h. However, none of the current diagnostic markers is sensitive and specific enough to support the decision of withholding antibiotic treatment without considering clinical findings. It therefore seems to be justified that antibiotics are often initiated in ill term and especially preterm infants. Early markers like IL-6 and later markers like CRP are helpful in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis considering the clinical aspect of the neonate, the gestational age, maternal risk factors and the time (age of the neonate regarding early-onset sepsis) of blood sampling.
Insulin Allergy to Detemir Followed by Rapid Onset of Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Report and Literature Review

The management of diabetes mellitus in an insulin-dependent patient is challenging in the setting of concomitant antibody-mediated-insulin hypersensitivity. We report a case of a 62-year-old woman with pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus of 10 years duration who developed type 3 hypersensitivity reaction to insulin analogue detemir, and subsequently, severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). She was C-peptide negative and was diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes. Despite increasing dose adjustments, insulin-meal matching, and compliance with insulin, she experienced episodes of unexpected hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia. The development of rash after detemir initiation and rapid progression to DKA suggests an aberrant immune response leading to the insulin allergy and antibody-induced interference with insulin analogues. Glycaemic control in the patient initially improved after being started on subcutaneous insulin infusion pump with reduced insulin requirements. However, after a year on pump therapy, localised insulin hypersensitivity reactions started, and glycaemic control gradually deteriorated.
Understanding inner friction mechanism of open-ended piles-An experimental study

An open-ended pile can produce a bearing capacity similar to a closed-ended pile depending on inner frictional resistance, Qin, which depends on the degree of soil plugging. The degree of soil plugging may depend on many factors including pile outer diameter (D), tip thickness (t), sleeve height (l) and relative density (Dr). In this research, we studied the effects of t, D and l on bearing capacity using laboratory scale model piles. The tests were conducted on a medium dense sandy ground using model piles with different values of D, t and l. The results showed that bearing capacity increases with t, which can be attributed to increase in annular area. They also showed that soil plug height, h is dependent of l for larger diameter piles. The results of incremental filling ratio (IFR) showed that penetration of straight piles (i.e., no sleeve) is closer to unplugged state than the piles with a sleeve. While Qin is independent of l for smaller diameter piles (D=30 mm), it is dependent of l for larger diameter piles (D=50 mm). The results of Qin suggested that as large as 50% of Qt (Qt is total resistance) is contributed by Qin even with a small l (e.g., 10 mm) for smaller diameter piles, while Qin in larger diameter piles increases with l and requires 2D of l to produce a large as 50% of Qt by Qin.
Concepts, models and methods for rail freight and logistics performances: an inception paper

The traditional railfreight service has changed. It is believed that logistics concepts will improve rail freight systems performances. New concepts are proposed, studies and projects are undertaken, and new systems for railfreight are developed. If railfreight is to break back into markets by employing logistics concepts, it has to rapidly adapt to changing political measures, economic trends and market conditions. It is therefore a field where reliable, efficient and updated models and tools are required to help railfreight operators improve their operational efficiency and rationalize their tactical planning decisions. The objective of this paper is therefore to present innovative railfreight and logistics concepts; to report on the existing literature for railfreight tactical management and hence to indentify some of the main issues and obstacles in railfreight and logistics performances.
Effectiveness of refractive error correction for people with oculocutaneous albinism in South Indian population

Introduction: Albinism comes from ‘albus’, the Latin word meaning white, and refers to a group of hereditary disorders wherein the biosynthesis of the pigment melanin is absent or reduced. Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a heterogeneous and autosomal recessive disorder that involves a lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes, and is associated with ocular and visual defects such as photophobia, strabismus, nystagmus and low vision. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive community based study conducted at a tertiary care medical college hospital. The Department of Ophthalmology enrolled 39 subjects satisfying the inclusion criteria. The diagnostic criteria for OCA patients included in the study, were those having ocular features of iris transillumination and retinal hypopigmentation in addition to depigmentation of the skin, hair and nails. Results: 39 patients with OCA were included, mean age 20 years. The largest proportion of participants (40%) included those between 16 and 25yrs. Using World Health Organization classification based on best corrected distance visual acuity, 8%, 70%, 15% and 7% of 78 eyes had normal vision, moderate VI, severe VI and blindness respectively. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of refractive, non-refractive and mixed ophthalmic disorders among albinos. There was significant improvement in visual acuity and function following optical correction and alignment in people with albinism, despite overall subnormal acuity. Refractive correction should be encouraged for people with albinism.
Sorghum landrace germplasm: Genetic resources for demand lead product development and profiling in modern crop improvement

1 International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics Kano, Nigeria. 2 International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, Sadore, Niger. 3 National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Moor Plantation Ibadan, Nigeria. 4 Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. 5 Federal University Dutsinma, Katsina, Nigeria. 6 Federal University Wukari, Taraba Nigeria. 7 Lake Chad Research Institute, Maiduguri Nigeria. 8 Jigawa State Research Institute, Kazaure Nigeria.
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF THREE SPECIES OF LAND SNAILS (STYLOMMATOPHORA AND ACHATINIDAE), ARCHACHATINA MARGINATA (SWAINSON, 1821), ACHATINA ACHATINA (LINNAEUS, 1758), AND ACHATINA FULICA (BOWDICH, 1822) IN SOME SOUTHERN STATES AND NORTH CENTRAL STATES IN NIGERIA

Partial sequences of mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase sub unit 1 (CO1) and ribosomal RNA 18S nuclear encoding gene of 43 individuals belonging to two genera in order Stylommatophora and the family Achatinidae (Archachatina and Achatina) were obtained to investigate molecular phylogeny in the family. The CO1 was found to be highly variable while the 18S was found to be highly conserved yielding invariable sequences. Several primers were also tested both for the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes but CO1 produced the best results giving single and clear bands. Four main genetic phylogroups/clades were identified within the Bayesian tree constructed and all the four clades were supported by bootstrap values of 100% and also were supported by bootstrap values above 79% in the NJ. Two unidentified species used in the analysis were found in the basal clade which may mean that they were of ancient origin. This study provides preliminary and novel insights on the molecular phylogeny of the snails’ species, though there is still a need to collect samples of other species in this family to provide a more robust phylogenetic relationship of achatinid snails in Nigeria.
Generative Occupancy Fields for 3D Surface-Aware Image Synthesis

Similar to pi-GAN [3], our discriminator Dθ grows progressively as training goes. The resolution of training images is initially set as 32 × 32 and doubled twice during training, up to 128 × 128. Apart from discriminating the generated images, the discriminator Dθ will additionally predict the corresponding latent code ẑ and the camera pose ξ̂, which will be used to compare with the ground-truth values as additional losses.