Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localizing False Data Injection Attacks in Smart Grid: A Spectrum-Based Neural Network Approach

Smart grid is confronted with cyberattacks due to the increasing dependence on cyberspace. False data injection attacks (FDIAs) represent a major type of cyberattacks that cannot be detected by the traditional bad data detection (BDD). The majority of existing researches focus on how to detect FDIAs, while little attention has been paid to obtaining the exact attack locations, which are crucial for deploying countermeasures in time. In this paper, we propose a neural network-based approach for online localizing FDIAs in AC power systems. The approach transforms the multi-dimensional time series measurements to their time-frequency and spectral graph representations, to jointly capture the temporal and spatial correlations in the spectral domain. The spectral decomposition could better characterize the latent properties of measurements, such as auto-correlations of a bus and key dependency between buses, which would be poorly represented in the time domain and vertex domain. Specifically, the proposed approach first adopts the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and a two-channel convolutional neural network (2C-CNN) to model the spectral-temporal correlations. Then the spectral-spatial relationships are modeled with a graph convolutional network (GCN), which combines the nodal admittance matrix and physical property of power systems. The prior physical knowledge further improves our approach’s interpretability and localization performance. We evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed approach with comprehensive case studies on various standard test systems. Numerical results indicate the superiority of our approach over baselines.
Changes in left hippocampal volume in first-time fathers: Associations with oxytocin, testosterone, and adaptation to parenthood.

The parenting brain may undergo remodeling that supports the adjustment to new parenthood. Prior work on human mothers has found gray matter volume decreases from preconception to early postpartum in multiple structures, including the left hippocampus, which was the only structure to show gray matter volume recovery at 2 years postpartum. This is consistent with evidence from animal models that the hippocampus is unusually plastic across reproductive transitions. However, no studies have focused specifically on hippocampal volume changes in human fathers. Among 38 men who were scanned by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after having their first child, individual differences in left hippocampal volume changes were associated with men's prenatal oxytocin, postpartum testosterone, and postpartum adaptation to parenthood. Across the whole sample, hippocampal volumes did not change significantly from prenatal to postpartum. However, men who showed larger increases in left hippocampal volume from prenatal to postpartum reported stronger parent-child bonding and affectionate attachment and lower parenting stress. Fathers with higher levels of prenatal oxytocin showed larger left hippocampal volume increases across the transition to parenthood. In turn, greater increases in left hippocampal volume predicted lower postpartum testosterone after adjusting for prenatal testosterone. These findings did not extend to the right hippocampus. In conclusion, remodeling of the left hippocampus across the transition to new fatherhood may reflect adaptation to parenthood in human males.
Elliptic-like regularization of a fully nonlinear evolution inclusion and applications

Consider in a Hilbert space H the Cauchy problem (P0): u′(t) + Au(t) + Bu(t) ∋ f(t), t ∈ [0,T]; u(0) = u 0, and associate with it the second-order problem (Pe): − eu′′(t) + u′(t) + Au(t) + Bu(t) ∋ f(t), t ∈ [0,T]; u(0) = u 0,u′(T) = 0, where A : D(A) ⊂ H → H is a (possibly set-valued) maximal monotone operator, B : H → H is a Lipschitz operator, and e is a positive small parameter. Note that (Pe) is an elliptic-like regularization of (P0) in the sense suggested by Lions in his book on singular perturbations. We prove that the solution ue of (Pe) approximates the solution u of (P0): ∥ue − u∥C([0,T];H) = 𝒪(e1/4). Applications to the nonlinear heat equation as well as to the nonlinear telegraph system and the nonlinear wave equation are presented.
Polarization-controlled single-mode VCSEL

Relative intensity noise (RIN) in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) was greatly reduced through the use of polarization control to eliminate competition between two orthogonal polarization states by ensuring there was only one polarization state. Polarization was stable with optical feedback of up to 10%. Polarization control was achieved by inducing a small loss anisotropy in fundamental transversal mode VCSEL's. Anisotropic post structures, such as a rectangular post, an oblique post, or a zigzag-sidewall post, were found to be effective in creating loss anisotropy without serious degradation of other VCSEL characteristics such as light-output power or beam profile.
Exposure to Insecticides Modifies Gene Expression and DNA Methylation in Hematopoietic Tissues In Vitro

The evidence supporting the biological plausibility of the association of permethrin and malathion with hematological cancer is limited and contradictory; thus, further studies are needed. This study aimed to investigate whether in vitro exposure to 0.1 μM permethrin and malathion at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h after cell culture initiation induced changes in the gene expression and DNA methylation in mononuclear cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood (BMMCs, PBMCs). Both pesticides induced several gene expression modifications in both tissues. Through gene ontology analysis, we found that permethrin deregulates ion channels in PBMCs and BMMCs and that malathion alters genes coding proteins with nucleic acid binding capacity, which was also observed in PBMCs exposed to permethrin. Additionally, we found that both insecticides deregulate genes coding proteins with chemotaxis functions, ion channels, and cytokines. Several genes deregulated in this study are potentially associated with cancer onset and development, and some of them have been reported to be deregulated in hematological cancer. We found that permethrin does not induce DNA hypermethylation but can induce hypomethylation, and that malathion generated both types of events. Our results suggest that these pesticides have the potential to modify gene expression through changes in promoter DNA methylation and potentially through other mechanisms that should be investigated.
Best-first Decision Tree Learning

Decision trees are potentially powerful predictors and explicitly represent the structure of a dataset. Standard decision tree learners such as C4.5 expand nodes in depth-first order (Quinlan, 1993), while in best-first decision tree learners the ”best” node is expanded first. The ”best” node is the node whose split leads to maximum reduction of impurity (e.g. Gini index or information in this thesis) among all nodes available for splitting. The resulting tree will be the same when fully grown, just the order in which it is built is different. In practice, some branches of a fully-expanded tree do not truly reflect the underlying information in the domain. This problem is known as overfitting and is mainly caused by noisy data. Pruning is necessary to avoid overfitting the training data, and discards those parts that are not predictive of future data. Best-first node expansion enables us to investigate new pruning techniques by determining the number of expansions performed based on cross-validation. This thesis first introduces the algorithm for building binary best-first decision trees for classification problems. Then, it investigates two new pruning methods that determine an appropriate tree size by combining best-first decision tree growth with cross-validation-based selection of the number of expansions that are performed. One operates in a pre-pruning fashion and the other in a post-pruning fashion. They are called best-first-based pre-pruning and best-first-based post-pruning respectively in this thesis. Both of them use the same mechanisms and thus it is possible to compare the two on an even footing. Best-first-based pre-pruning stops splitting when further splitting increases the cross-validated error, while best-first-based post-pruning takes a fully-grown decision tree and then discards expansions based on the cross-validated error. Because the two new pruning methods implement cross-validation-based pruning, it is possible to compare the two to another cross-validation-based pruning method: minimal cost-complexity pruning (Breiman et al., 1984). The two main results are that best-first-based pre-pruning is competitive with best-first-based post-pruning if the so-called ”one standard error rule” is used. However, minimal
Inference About Weighted Kappa in the Non-Null Case

The accuracy of the large sample standard error of weighted kappa appropriate to the non-null case was studied by computer simulation. Results indi cate that only moderate sample sizes are required to test the hypothesis that two independently de rived estimates of weighted kappa are equal. How ever, in most instances the minimal sample sizes re quired for setting confidence limits around a single value of weighted kappa are inordinately large. An alternative, but as yet untested procedure for set ting confidence limits, is suggested as being poten tially more accurate.
The Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the diagnosis stage, tumor characteristics, treatments, COVID-19 positivity and vaccination rates in pre-pandemic and post-lockdown periods in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Methods: A total of 200 patients from the pre-pandemic (from July 1, 2018 to July 1, 2019) and post-lockdown (from July 1, 2020 to July 1, 2021) groups were included in this retrospective single center study.The clinical and pathological characteristics, treatment modalities, vaccination rates against covid-19 and covid-19 positivity of the patients were analyzed and compared between the pre-pandemic group and the post-lockdown group. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the demographic and pathological characteristics of the two groups, such as age at diagnosis, tumor diameter, T and N staging, stage at diagnosis, ER status, PR status, HER2 status, ki67 expression index. The rates of treatment modalities such as NACT, primary breast surgery, adjuvant CT, palliative CT, and palliative RT were similar between the two groups and there was no significant difference. However, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of axillary surgical procedure, adjuvant RT and endocrine treatments (p=0.001, p=0.029 and p=0.047, respectively). There was a significant increase in the rate of SLNB in the post-lockdown group. COVID-19 vaccination rates and COVID-19 positivity rates were similar to Turkey's rates in both breast cancer patient groups. Conclusion: The fact that there was no significant difference between the pre-pandemic and post-lockdown groups in the characteristics and treatments of breast cancer patients may be related to the continuation of oncology patient care and cancer detection methods even in the lockdown period. However, the rate of SLNB increased significantly in the post-lockdown group.
Exploring the Applicability of General Dietary Recommendations for People Affected by Obesity

(1) Obesity has emerged as a major public health challenge with increasing prevalence globally. The General Dietary Behavior Inventory (GDBI) was developed based on official dietary recommendations. However, little is known about whether general dietary recommendations also apply to people affected by obesity and whether the GDBI can be used appropriately. (2) A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 458 people meeting the inclusion criteria participated in the study. The assessment consisted of the GDBI and behavioral, dietary, and health-related variables. We used descriptive analysis to examine the item characteristics of the GDBI and inferential statistics to investigate the associations between the GDBI score and behavioral, dietary, and health-related outcomes. (3) Several items of the GDBI were concerned by ceiling effects. A higher GDBI score (indicating a higher adherence to dietary recommendations) was related to higher age, higher nutrition knowledge, more restrained eating behavior, lower impulsivity, and higher body mass index. There were no associations between the GDBI score and reported physical and mental health or quality of life. (4) The GDBI showed inconsistent relationships with the study outcomes. General dietary recommendations do not appear to be applicable to people with obesity. Hence, there is an urgent need for specific recommendations and subsequent assessments of behavioral adherence for people affected by obesity.
Pressure of an Ideal Gas on a Moving Piston

The pressure exerted by an ideal gas on the face of a moving piston is calculated for constant piston speeds that are small compared to the average speed of the gas molecules, and is found to be proportional to the expression, 1 − (8/π)α + (8/π)α2, where α is the ratio of piston speed to the average molecular speed, or, better, is the ratio of the piston speed, corrected for the motion of the gas in the direction of piston motion, to the average molecular speed. The drift speed of the gas is investigated and found to be proportional to the displacement of the piston and the difference between piston speed and molecular speed. Work done in isothermal and adiabatic processes is calculated. Possible experimental verification is considered.
Stripe Domains in Multilayers: Micromagnetic Simulations

An analysis of the equilibrium micromagnetic structure in multilayer films obtained by numerical computations is reported. The present work is devoted to Co/Pt multilayers exhibiting perpendicular anisotropy and intermediate quality factor where comparison with previous experimental works can be done. A fair description of the magnetization behavior inside each magnetic layer in the stack is proposed including anisotropy surface and applied field effects. In spite of the discontinuous aspect of the film and the absence of any interlayer exchange contribution the magnetization distribution looks like a Landau-Lifshitz structure. However, basic differences between multilayers and continuous thin films are highlighted. The computed equilibrium stripe pattern periodicity and simulated Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) contrast prove to be in reasonable agreement with experimental observations. Ce travail analyse les structures magnetiques obtenues dans des systemes multicouches par simulation micromagnetique. L'etude est centree sur le systeme Co/Pt presentant une anisotropie perpendiculaire moderee. Les resultats numeriques peuvent ainsi etre compares a differentes observations experimentales deja publiees. Une description fine de la distribution de l'aimantation dans chacune des couches de l'empilement est effectuee en fonction de l'anisotropie magnetique et d'un champ applique. Nonobstant la nature discontinue d'une multicouche, la distribution generale de l'aimantation s'apparente a une structure a flux ferme du type Landau-Lifshitz. Toutefois, les differences marquantes entre un milieu continu et une multicouche sont clairement soulignees. Enfin, les periodicites calculees des structures en rubans tout comme les simulations numeriques de contraste en Microscopie de Force Magnetique (MFM) sont en bon accord avec l'experience.
The Impact of Body Mass Composition on Outcome in Multiple Traumatized Patients—Results from the Fourth Thoracic and Third Lumbar Vertebrae: A Single-Center Retrospective Observational Study

Background: Body mass composition (BC) was shown to correlate with outcome in patients after surgery and minor trauma. As BC is assessed using computed tomography (CT) and routinely applied in multiple trauma (MT), this study will help to analyze whether BC variables also correlate with outcome in trauma patients. Materials and Methods: Inclusion criteria were MT (Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15) and whole-body CT (WBCT) scan on admission. Muscle and fat tissue were assessed at the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4) and the third lumbar vertebra (L3) using Slice-O-matic software, version 5.0 (Tomovision, Montreal, QC, Canada). Univariate and multivariate regression models were used with regard to outcome parameters such as duration of ventilation, hospital stay, local (i.e., pneumonia, wound infection) and systemic (i.e., MODS, SIRS) complications, and mortality. Results: 297 patients were included. BC correlated with both the development and severity of complications. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI) at both T4 and L3 correlated positively with the occurrence of systemic infections. Local infections positively correlated with SMI at T4. Low muscle mass and high visceral adipose tissue (VAT) predicted the severity of systemic and local complications. Muscle tissue markers at both T4 and L3 predicted the severity of complications in roughly the same way. Moreover, higher muscle mass at the L3 level was significantly associated with higher overall survival, while SATI at the T4 level correlated positively with hospital stay, length of stay in the ICU, and duration of ventilation. Conclusions: A lower muscle mass and a high adipose tissue index are associated with a poor outcome in MT. For the first time, it was shown that BC at the fourth thoracic vertebra is associated with comparable results to those found at the third lumbar level.
Equivalent four-port networks using force factors for SAW interdigital transducers

We have derived the equivalent four-port network of an N-pair of interdigital transducers (IDTs) using force factors. Since this four-port network is distinct enough in physical meaning and is of a concise structure, the equivalent network of the whole of the system of the SAW device can also be composed very easily with good visibility. On the other hand, we have derived the transfer matrix of this four-port network. Since the individual elements of the transfer matrix of the N-pair of an IDT are expressed in closed forms, the analysis of the performance of a SAW filter with a multi-electrode structure such as the interdigited interdigital transducer (IIDT) can be made with high efficiency
Compression, crumpling and collapse of spherical shells and capsules

The deformation of thin spherical shells by applying an external pressure or by reducing the volume is studied by computer simulations and scaling arguments. The shape of the deformed shells depends on the deformation rate, the reduced volume V/V0 and the Föppl–von Kármán number γ. For slow deformations the shell attains its ground state, a shell with a single indentation, whereas for large deformation rates the shell appears crumpled with many indentations. The rim of the single indentation undergoes a shape transition from smooth to polygonal for γ≃7000(ΔV/V0)− 3/4. For the smooth rim the elastic energy scales like γ1/4 whereas for the polygonal indentation we find a much smaller exponent, even smaller than the exponent 1/6 that is predicted for stretching ridges. The relaxation of a shell with multiple indentations towards the ground state follows an Ostwald ripening type of pathway and depends on the compression rate and on the Föppl–von Kármán number. The number of indentations decreases as a power law with time t following Nind∼t− 0.375 for γ=8×103 and γ=8×104 whereas for γ=8×105 the relaxation time is longer than the simulation time.
Some recent finite volume schemes for one and two layers shallow water equations with variable density

We propose a class of finite volume algorithms that are both simple and efficient for solving numerically the shallow water equations with varying densities; shallow water flows in single and two layers are considered. In these flow regimes, variable horizontal or vertical density is taken into account. The shallow water equations for the hydraulic variables are coupled with a suspended sediment transport equation for the concentration variable to construct the model. To approximate the numerical solution of the models under consideration, a generalized Rusanov method is proposed; this method avoids solving Riemann problems during the time integration process, and it is simple and accurate. The proposed method is divided into two stages: predictor and corrector; the presented finite volume approach is well balanced, conservative, and simple. Non‐oscillatory and suitable for shallow water equations when Riemann problems are challenging to solve. Several test problems for single‐layer and two‐layer shallow water flows are applied to the proposed method. The numerical results show that the proposed finite volume approach has high resolution and that it is capable of simulating shallow water equations with variable density in flow regimes with strong shocks accurately.
Caveats of Using Overexpression Approaches to Screen Cellular Host IFITM Proteins for Antiviral Activity

Ectopic protein overexpression in immortalised cell lines is a commonly used method to screen host factors for their antiviral activity against different viruses. However, the question remains as to what extent such artificial protein overexpression recapitulates endogenous protein function. Previously, we used a doxycycline-inducible overexpression system, in conjunction with approaches to modulate the expression of endogenous protein, to demonstrate the antiviral activity of IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 against influenza A virus (IAV) but not parainfluenza virus-3 (PIV-3) in A549 cells. We now show that constitutive overexpression of the same IFITM constructs in A549 cells led to a significant restriction of PIV-3 infection by all three IFITM proteins. Variable IFITM mRNA and protein expression levels were detected in A549 cells with constitutive versus inducible overexpression of each IFITM. Our findings show that overexpression approaches can lead to levels of IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 that significantly exceed those achieved through interferon stimulation of endogenous protein. We propose that exceedingly high levels of overexpressed IFITMs may not accurately reflect the true function of endogenous protein, thus contributing to discrepancies when attributing the antiviral activity of individual IFITM proteins against different viruses. Our findings clearly highlight the caveats associated with overexpression approaches used to screen cellular host proteins for antiviral activity.