Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Engagement in Early Intervention Services Among Mothers in Recovery From Opioid Use Disorders

This study elicits perspectives of mothers in recovery from OUDs to better understand factors impacting their engagement in EI services. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Opioid-exposed infants frequently qualify for early intervention (EI). However, many eligible families choose not to enroll in this voluntary service. This study aims to understand the perceptions and experiences that may impact engagement with, and the potential benefits of, EI services among mothers in recovery from opioid use disorders (OUDs). METHODS: We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews (n = 22) and 1 focus group (n = 6) with mothers in recovery from OUDs in western Massachusetts. Transcripts were coded and analyzed by using a descriptive approach. RESULTS: The mean participant age was 32 years, and 13 had a high school degree or less. Five major themes emerged revealing mothers’ development through stages of engagement in EI services: (1) fear, guilt, and shame related to drug use (emotions acting as barriers to enrollment); (2) the question of whether it is “needed” (deciding whether there is value in EI for opioid-exposed infants); (3) starting with “judgment” (baseline level of perceived stigma that parents in recovery associate with EI); (4) breaking down the “wall” (how parents overcome the fear and perceived judgment to build partnerships with providers); and (5) “above and beyond” (need for a personal connection with mothers and concrete supports through EI in addition to the child-focused services provided). CONCLUSIONS: Barriers to engagement in EI among mothers in recovery from OUDs include a range of emotions, perceived stigma, and ambivalence. An effort to purposefully listen to and care for mothers through a strengths-based, bigenerational approach may help establish greater connections and foster stronger EI engagement among families affected by OUDs.
TGFβ-induced epigenetic deregulation of SOCS3 facilitates STAT3-signaling to promote fibrosis.

Fibroblasts are key-effector cells in tissue remodeling. They remain persistently activated in fibrotic diseases, resulting in progressive deposition of extracellular matrix. Although fibroblast activation maybe initiated by external factors, prolonged activation can induce an "autonomous", self-maintaining pro-fibrotic phenotype in fibroblasts. Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations play a central role to establish this persistently activated pathologic phenotype of fibroblasts. We demonstrated that in fibrotic skin of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), a prototypical idiopathic fibrotic disease, transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) induced the expression of DNA-methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and DNMT1 in fibroblasts in a SMAD-dependent manner to silence the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) by promoter hypermethylation. Downregulation of SOCS3 facilitated activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) to promote fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, collagen release and fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Re-establishment of the epigenetic control of STAT3 signaling by genetic or pharmacological inactivation of DNMT3A reversed the activated phenotype of SSc fibroblasts in tissue culture, inhibited TGFβ-dependent fibroblast activation and ameliorated experimental fibrosis in murine models. These findings identify a novel pathway of epigenetic imprinting of fibroblasts in fibrotic disease with translational implications for the development of new targeted therapies in fibrotic diseases.
Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) in Wuhan, China

To help health workers and the public recognize and deal with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) quickly, effectively, and calmly with an updated understanding. A comprehensive search from Chinese and worldwide official websites and announcements was performed between 1 December 2019 and 9:30 am 26 January 2020 (Beijing time). A latest summary of 2019‐nCoV and the current outbreak was drawn. Up to 24 pm, 25 January 2020, a total of 1975 cases of 2019‐nCoV infection were confirmed in mainland China with a total of 56 deaths having occurred. The latest mortality was approximately 2.84% with a total of 2684 cases still suspected. The China National Health Commission reported the details of the first 17 deaths up to 24 pm, 22 January 2020. The deaths included 13 males and 4 females. The median age of the people who died was 75 (range 48‐89) years. Fever (64.7%) and cough (52.9%) were the most common first symptoms among those who died. The median number of days from the occurence of the first symptom to death was 14.0 (range 6‐41) days, and it tended to be shorter among people aged 70 years or more (11.5 [range 6‐19] days) than those aged less than 70 years (20 [range 10‐41] days; P = .033). The 2019‐nCoV infection is spreading and its incidence is increasing nationwide. The first deaths occurred mostly in elderly people, among whom the disease might progress faster. The public should still be cautious in dealing with the virus and pay more attention to protecting the elderly people from the virus.
Cumulative Incidence and Predictors of CNS Metastasis for Patients With American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th Edition Stage III Melanoma.

PURPOSE Improved understanding of the incidence, risk factors, and timing of CNS metastasis is needed to inform surveillance strategies for patients with melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical data were extracted from the databases of 2 major melanoma centers in the United States and Australia for 1,918 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition stage III melanoma, diagnosed from 1998-2014, who had (negative) baseline CNS imaging within 4 months of diagnosis. The cumulative incidence of CNS metastasis was calculated in the presence of the competing risk of death, from stage III presentation and at benchmark time points 1, 2, and 5 years postdiagnosis. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 70.2 months, distant recurrence occurred in 711 patients (37.1%). The first site of distant metastasis was CNS only for 3.9% of patients, CNS and extracranial (EC) for 1.8%, and EC only for 31.4%. Overall, 16.7% of patients were diagnosed with CNS metastasis during follow-up. The cumulative incidence of CNS metastasis was 3.6% (95% CI, 2.9% to 4.6%) at 1 year, 9.6% (95% CI, 8.3% to 11.0%) at 2 years, and 15.8% (95% CI, 14.1% to 17.6%) at 5 years. The risk of CNS metastasis was significantly influenced by patient sex, age, AJCC stage, primary tumor site, and primary tumor mitotic rate in multivariable and conditional analyses. High primary tumor mitotic rate was significantly associated with increased risk of CNS metastasis at diagnosis and all subsequent time points examined. CONCLUSION Similar rates of CNS metastasis were observed in 2 large, geographically distinct cohorts of patients with stage III melanoma. The results highlight the importance of primary tumor mitotic rate. Furthermore, they provide a framework for developing evidence-based surveillance strategies and evaluating the impact of contemporary adjuvant therapies on the risk of CNS metastasis development.
Teat characteristics in relation to animal temperament during milking in buffaloes, and comparison of buffalo and cow teat morphology.

This study aimed to examine the teat characteristics in relation to the animal temperament during milking in the Anatolian buffaloes using ultrasonographic, histomorphological, and immunohistochemical methods. The teat canal length (TCL), teat wall thickness (TWT), teat cisternal diameter (TCD), teat diameter (TD), teat length (TL), and teat circumference (TC) values in docile (n=5) and nervous (n=7) buffaloes were measured at the 0th, 3rd, and 6th minute of stimulation. In additional experiments, comparative histomorphology and immunohistochemical examinations of buffalo (n=7) and cow teats (n=8) were performed. It was determined that post-stimulation mean TCL values were significantly higher in nervous buffaloes than those of teats in docile buffaloes (p < .05). A significant positive correlation between TCD and TD, TL, and TC in both docile and nervous buffaloes was noted (p < .05). Unlike nervous buffaloes where only 3/14 teat canals were open by 3rd minute of milking stimulation, almost all (9/10) teat canals were observed opened in docile buffaloes. There were fewer muscle but more collagen bundles in buffalo teats compared with cow teats. It seems that temperament of animal during milking effects the milking efficiency, and in nervous buffaloes, probably the stimulation alone may not be sufficient for opening of the teat canal and hence achieve complete milking.
HIV post-exposure prophylaxis-in-pocket ("PIP"): long-term follow-up of individuals with low-frequency, high-risk HIV exposures.

BACKGROUND HIV Pre-exposure prophylaxis and post-exposure prophylaxis are two major biomedical HIV prevention modalities. The utility of these prevention tools for individuals with infrequent high-risk HIV exposures remains uncertain. HIV post-exposure prophylaxis-in-pocket ("PIP") may be an effective HIV prevention tool in such situations. Here we present long-term follow up of a cohort of patients initiated on PIP for HIV prevention. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated clinical characteristics of patients initiated on PIP as a primary HIV prevention tool between January 1, 2016 to May 31, 2019 at the Toronto General Hospital HIV Prevention Clinic and St. Michael's Hospital HIV Clinic, both in Toronto, Canada. Patients were referred for consideration of a biomedical HIV prevention modality. Individuals with a low frequency of high-risk exposures to HIV were initiated on PIP after counselling, and were followed at regular intervals. Demographic and clinical data was collected with a standardized form. RESULTS A total of 79 patients were initiated on PIP as a primary HIV prevention modality and followed for a mean duration of 14.8 months combining for a total of 97.3 patient-years. Twenty one (26.6%) patients used their PIP, and 32 courses of PIP were taken during the study period. Transitions between HIV prevention modalities included 13 (16.5%) patients who transitioned from PrEP to PIP, and 22 (27.8%) patients who transitioned from PIP to PrEP. No HIV seroconversions were detected during the course of this study. CONCLUSION PIP is helpful HIV prevention modality for individuals with a low frequency of high-risk HIV exposures.
Absence of DOA Effect but No Proper Test of the Lumberjack Effect: A Reply to Jamieson and Skraaning (2019)

Objective The aim was to evaluate the relevance of the critique offered by Jamieson and Skraaning (2019) regarding the applicability of the lumberjack effect of human–automation interaction to complex real-world settings. Background The lumberjack effect, based upon a meta-analysis, identifies the consequences of a higher degree of automation—to improve performance and reduce workload—when automation functions as intended, but to degrade performance more, as mediated by a loss of situation awareness (SA) when automation fails. Jamieson and Skraaning provide data from a process control scenario that they assert contradicts the effect. Approach We analyzed key aspects of their simulation, measures, and results which we argue limit the strength of their conclusion that the lumberjack effect is not applicable to complex real-world systems. Results Our analysis revealed limits in their inappropriate choice of automation, the lack of a routine performance measure, support for the lumberjack effect that was actually provided by subjective measures of the operators, an inappropriate assessment of SA, and a possible limitation of statistical power. Conclusion We regard these limitations as reasons to temper the strong conclusions drawn by the authors, of no applicability of the lumberjack effect to complex environments. Their findings should be used as an impetus for conducting further research on human–automation interaction in these domains. Applications The collective findings of both Jamieson and Skraaning and our study are applicable to system designers and users in deciding upon the appropriate level of automation to deploy.
The chemical profile and biological activity of different extracts of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. against Cutibacterium acnes

Abstract This study evaluated the antibacterial activities of different extracts of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. (S. mukorossi) on Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). The extract solvent and procedure were screened, based on the yield of saponins and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results showed that the optimized product, fermentation and ethyl acetate extract by adding isoamyl alcohol from water extract of S. mukorossi (SWFEAI), had the highest yield of saponins (7.83 ± 0.26%) and the best antibacterial activity (MIC = 0.125 mg/mL) on C. acnes. The destroyed bacterial cell membrane and wall were observed by transmission electron microscopy, which then resulted in cell lysis and death. Furthermore, 20 compounds of SWFEAI were detected, among which oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins with molecular weights of 734, 750, 882, 924 and 966 were speculated to contribute to the antibacterial activities of SWFEAI. The results showed that SWFEAI could be a natural anti-acne agent. Graphical Abstract
Impediment to growth and yeast-to-hyphae transition in Candida albicans by copper oxide nanoparticles

Abstract The effects of two prominent copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NP and Cu2O-NP), with the oxidation state of Cu++ (cupric) and Cu+ (cuprous), on Candida albicans were evaluated. CuO-NP and Cu2O-NP were synthesized and characterized by XRD, FESEM, HR-TEM and Zeta potential. At sub-MIC (50 µg ml−1), both cupric and cuprous oxide NPs prevented yeast-to-hyphae switching and wrinkling behaviour in C. albicans. The mechanism for the antifungal action of the two NPs differed; CuO-NP significantly elicited reactive oxygen species, whereas membrane damage was more pronounced with Cu2O-NP. Real time PCR analysis revealed that CuO-NP suppressed the morphological switching of yeast-to-hyphae by down-regulating cph1, hst7 and ras1 and by up-regulation of the negative regulator tup1. In comparison, Cu2O-NP resulted in down-regulation of ras1 and up-regulation of the negative regulators nrg1 and tup1. Between the two NPs, CuO exhibited increased antifungal activity due to its stable oxidation state (Cu++) and its smaller dimensions compared with Cu2O-NP. Graphical Abstract
Appetitive Memory with Survival Benefit Is Robust Across Aging in Drosophila

The formation of memory declines with advancing age. However, susceptibility to memory impairments depends on several factors, including the robustness of memory, the responsible neural circuits, and the internal state of aged individuals. How age-dependent changes in internal states and neural circuits affect memory formation remains unclear. The formation of memory declines with advancing age. However, susceptibility to memory impairments depends on several factors, including the robustness of memory, the responsible neural circuits, and the internal state of aged individuals. How age-dependent changes in internal states and neural circuits affect memory formation remains unclear. Here, we show in Drosophila melanogaster that aged flies of both sexes form robust appetitive memory conditioned with nutritious sugar, which suppresses their high mortality rates during starvation. In contrast, aging impairs the formation of appetitive memory conditioned with non-nutritious sugar that lacks survival benefits for the flies. We found that aging enhanced the preference for nutritious sugar over non-nutritious sugar correlated with an age-dependent increase in the expression of Drosophila neuropeptide F, an ortholog of mammalian neuropeptide Y. Furthermore, a subset of dopaminergic neurons that signal the sweet taste of sugar decreases its function with aging, while a subset of dopaminergic neurons that signal the nutritional value of sugar maintains its function with age. Our results suggest that aging impairs the ability to form memories without survival benefits; however, the ability to form memories with survival benefits is maintained through age-dependent changes in the neural circuits and neuropeptides. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The susceptibility to age-dependent memory impairments depends on the strength of the memory, changes in the responsible neurons, and internal states of aged individuals. How age-dependent changes in such internal states affect neural activity and memory formation remains unclear. We show in Drosophila melanogaster that aged flies of both sexes form robust appetitive memory conditioned with nutritious sugar, which has survival benefits for aged flies. In contrast, aging impairs the formation of appetitive memory conditioned with non-nutritious sugar that lacks survival benefits for the flies. Aging changes the neural circuits including dopamine neurons and neuropeptide F-expressing neurons, leading to the age-dependent impairment in memory with insufficient survival benefits and the preservation of the ability to form memory with survival benefits.
Obstructive Lung Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OLDOSA) cohort study: 10-year assessment.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are very prevalent disorders. Their coexistence in the same individual has an unclear effect on natural history and long-term outcomes. METHODS The OLDOSA (Obstructive Lung Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea) cohort enrolled 4,980 veterans with an acute hospitalization and in whom asthma, COPD, OSA, overlapping conditions, or none of these disorders at baseline had been diagnosed. Pulmonary function, polysomnography, positive airway pressure (PAP) recommendations and adherence, and vital status were collected and analyzed. Various proportional hazards models were built for patients with OSA to test the effect of PAP therapy on survival. RESULTS Ten-year all-cause cumulative mortality rate was 52.8%; median time to death was 2.7 years. In nonoverlapping asthma, OSA and COPD, mortality rates were 54.2%, 60.4%, and 63.0%, respectively. The overlap syndromes had the following mortality: COPD-OSA 53.2%, asthma-COPD 62.1%, asthma-OSA 63.5%, and triple overlap asthma-COPD-OSA 67.8%. In patients with OSA not on PAP therapy, after adjustment for age, comorbidities, and lung function, risk of death was 1.34 (1.05-1.71) times higher than those undergoing treatment. Similarly, in patients with OSA nonadherent to PAP therapy the adjusted risk of death was 1.78 (1.13-2.82) times higher versus those using it at least 70% of nights and more than 4 hours nightly. CONCLUSIONS In this large longitudinal cohort of hospitalized veterans with high comorbid burden, asthma, COPD, OSA and their overlap syndromes had very high long-term mortality. In patients with OSA, PAP initiation and superior therapeutic adherence were associated with significantly better survival.
The role of trait empathy in the processing of observed actions in a false-belief task

Abstract Empathic brain responses are characterized by overlapping activations between active experience and observation of an emotion in another person, with the pattern for observation being modulated by trait empathy. Also for self-performed and observed errors, similar brain activity has been described, but findings concerning the role of empathy are mixed. We hypothesized that trait empathy modulates the processing of observed responses if expectations concerning the response are based on the beliefs of the observed person. In the present study, we utilized a false-belief task in which observed person’s and observer’s task-related knowledge were dissociated and errors and correct responses could be expected or unexpected. While theta power was generally modulated by the expectancy of the observed response, a negative mediofrontal event-related potential (ERP) component was more pronounced for unexpected observed actions only in participants with higher trait empathy (assessed by the Empathy Quotient), as revealed by linear mixed effects analyses. Cognitive and affective empathy, assessed by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, were not significantly related to the ERP component. The results suggest that trait empathy can facilitate the generation of predictions and thereby modulate specific aspects of the processing of observed actions, while the contributions of specific empathy components remain unclear.
Entrepreneurial orientation and burnout among healthcare professionals.

PURPOSE Among healthcare professionals, burnout is one of the key challenges affecting organizational outcomes, employee productivity and quality of care. The knowledge of burnout and its root causes and primary contributors continues to grow yet remains limited. In many environments, an entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has been shown to dramatically improve organizational outcomes and performance. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate critical research areas at the intersection of organizational EO and employee burnout within the healthcare sector. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH A conceptual model which considers how EO has the potential to provide an operational context that may negate, lessen or delay the negative effects of burnout among healthcare professionals, is advanced as a useful focal point to foster research exploring connections between organizational orientation and employee well-being. FINDINGS Insights into how an opportunity-embracing EO characteristic of high-tech firms may shape how stress is experienced and address burnout when applied to healthcare organizations. A decrease in burnout stands to improve quality of care as well as the satisfaction of staff and patients alike, including a greater sense of autonomy, engagement, motivation and passion. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This research agenda proposes new insights and the need for additional research into how the manifestation of organizational EO may contribute to the field of medicine, influence burnout and enhance the well-being among healthcare professionals.