Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Molecular Biomarkers in Resected Early-Stage Non-Small Cells Lung Cancer: A Narrative Review

Simple Summary In the last few years, the treatment of advanced NSCLC has radically changed after the development of new drugs against specific molecular targets. Moreover, multiple tumour biopsies have become mandatory in order to better select the appropriate targeted therapy. Molecular analysis using NGS in the early stage of NSCLC is still relatively widespread. The recent clinical trials that use targeted therapies in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings also require molecular characterisation for early-stage patients. Due to the widespread use of molecular analysis in patients with early-stage NSCLC, the prognostic role of molecular biomarkers needs to be fully understood. This paper aimed to review the most recent studies associating the molecular expressions of early-stage NSCLC with survival. Abstract Next-generation sequencing has become a cornerstone in clinical oncology practice and is recommended for the appropriate use of tailored therapies in NSCLC. While NGS has already been standardised in advanced-stage NSCLC, its use is still uncommon in the early stages. The recent approval of Osimertinib for resected EGFR-mutated NSCLC in an adjuvant setting has launched the hypothesis that other targeted therapies used in metastatic patients can also lead to improved early-stage outcomes of NSCLC. The impact of molecular biomarkers on the prognosis of patients undergoing radical surgery for NSCLC is still unclear. Notably, the heterogeneous populations included in the studies that analysed surgical patients could be the main reason for these results. In this review, we report the most important studies that analysed the impact of principal molecular biomarkers on the survival outcomes of patients who underwent radical surgery for NSCLC.
Running head: Competitive Escalation Competitive Escalation and Interventions

max 250 words) Competitive escalation occurs frequently in manager i l nvironments, when decisions create sunk costs and decision makers compete under time pressure. In a series of experiments using a minimal dollar auction paradigm, we test interventions to prevent competitive escalation. Without any intervention, m ost people, including experienced managers, escalate an d lose money by bidding more than the price is wort h (e.g., more than 10 € for 10 €). We test several interventions, in which we provi de individuals with different types of experience: direct experience in structurally identical and in structurally similar situations, as well as direct experience in similar ly competitive situations (lacking the escalation dimension). We also study indirect experience based on vicariously learning about the situation’s consequences (experienced by others) and based on m ental simulation by setting oneself a limit regardi ng where to exit the competition. In three experiments (N = 1229), we find that direct experience in exac tly the same or a structurally similar situation allows individuals to prevent subsequent escalation, wher eas direct experience in a similar situation without es calation does not. Indirect experience based on vicarious-learning successfully reduces competitive escalation, whereas a goal-setting intervention th at has proven instrumental in reducing classic escalat ion of commitment is not effective. This pattern of variation in the effectiveness of different interve ntions is consistent with the theory of a cold ‒hot empathy gap that prevents people from anticipating how they will experience a competitive situation before entering it. As a methodological contribution, we d eveloped a deception-free computer-player dollarauction for online participants and a dynamic chick en game.
System Dynamics Approach to Epidemic Compartment Model: Translating SEIR Model for MERS Transmission in South Korea

Compartment models, a type of mathematical model, have been widely applied to characterize the changes in a dynamic system with sequential events or processes, such as the spread of an epidemic disease. A compartment model comprises compartments, and the relations between compartments are depicted as boxes and arrows. This principle is similar to that of the system dynamics (SD) approach to constructing a simulation model with stocks and flows. In addition, both models are structured using differential equations. With this mutual and translatable principle, this study, in terms of SD, translates a reference SEIR model, which was developed in a recent study to characterize the transmission of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in South Korea. Compared to the replicated result of the reference SEIR model (Model 1), the translated SEIR model (Model 2) demonstrates the same simulation result (error=0). The results of this study provide insight into the application of SD relative to constructing an epidemic compartment model using schematization and differential equations. The translated SD artifact can be used as a reference model for other epidemic diseases.
Improving Depression Screening for Clinical Staff in a Psychiatric Rehabilitation Facility: A Quality Improvement Project

Background: Depression is the most common of mental disorders in the United States affecting a significant portion of the population. Despite the serious consequences of untreated depression, depression screening remains a challenge across healthcare settings prompting the United States Prevention Task Services to develop strong recommendations to improve screening and treatment. Yet, despite those recommendations, lack of knowledge about depression screening continues to impede this process. The presence of substance use in individuals affected by depression worsens the severity of either condition alone. Considering the frequency of co-occurring substance use and depression, it becomes vital that staff working at substance abuse facilities receive adequate training to improve depression screening skills in this sub-population. Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to increase knowledge of depression screening skills for clinical staff working at a psychiatric rehabilitation facility. Methods: A total of 15 participants completed an online pretest survey to assess their baseline knowledge on depression screening. This was followed by a virtual education module delivered online via PowerPoint presentation. Then, 4 weeks after, participants completed an online posttest survey to evaluate knowledge gained. Results: Pretest survey results revealed knowledge deficit regarding guidelines about depression screening, depression screening skills, and a misguided attitude and negative perception regarding depression. Posttest shows significant improvement in all categories with an overall improvement of 41%. Conclusion: The overwhelming improvement in scores shows the effectiveness of educational interventions to improve depression screening skills and competence and the impact of evidencebased training overall in improving patient care.
An Extended Model of Adoption of Technology in Households: A Model Test on People's Intention to Adopt a Mobile Phone

Individual adoption of technology has been studied extensively in the workplace (Brown & Venkatesh, 2005). Far less attention has been paid to adoption of technology in the household (Brown & Venkatesh, 2005). Obviously, mobile phone is now integrated into our daily life. Indeed, according to the more recent forecast of Gartner Research, 986 millions of mobile phones have been sold throughout the world in 2006 (Ouellet, 2006). And, as the tendency is showing up, mobile phone use will be continuously increasing in the future. The purpose of this study is then to investigate who has the intention to adopt a mobile phone,
Patients’ Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: A Controlled Study

Background: As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly important in modern dentistry, we aimed to assess patients’ perspectives on AI in dentistry specifically for radiographic caries detection and the impact of AI-based diagnosis on patients’ trust. Methods: Validated questionnaires with Likert-scale batteries (1: “strongly disagree” to 5: “strongly agree”) were used to query participants’ experiences with dental radiographs and their knowledge/attitudes towards AI as well as to assess how AI-based communication of a diagnosis impacted their trust, belief, and understanding. Analyses of variance and ordinal logistic regression (OLR) were used (p < 0.05). Results: Patients were convinced that “AI is useful” (mean Likert ± standard deviation 4.2 ± 0.8) and did not fear AI in general (2.2 ± 1.0) nor in dentistry (1.6 ± 0.8). Age, education, and employment status were significantly associated with patients’ attitudes towards AI for dental diagnostics. When shown a radiograph with a caries lesion highlighted by an arrow, patients recognized the lesion significantly less often than when using AI-generated coloured overlays highlighting the lesion (p < 0.0005). AI-based communication did not significantly affect patients’ trust in dentists’ diagnosis (p = 0.44; OLR). Conclusions: Patients showed a positive attitude towards AI in dentistry. AI-supported diagnostics may assist communicating radiographic findings by increasing patients’ ability to recognize caries lesions on dental radiographs.
Association between the Severity of Hashimoto’s Disease and the Functional +874A/T Polymorphism in the Interferon- γ Gene

CD8 + CD25 + -activated cytotoxic T cells and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) are independently involved in the severity of Hashimoto’s disease (HD). Interferon γ (IFN- γ ) activates cytotoxic T cells. To evaluate the hypothesis that the functional +874A/T polymorphism in the gene encoding IFN- γ is associated with the severity of HD, we examined the frequencies of this polymorphism in 34 HD patients who developed hypothyroidism (severe HD); 22 untreated, euthyroid HD patients (mild HD); 49 patients with intractable Graves’ disease (GD); 16 GD patients in remission; and 57 healthy volunteers. Frequency of the +874T allele, which is associated with high IFN- γ production, was higher in patients with severe HD than in those with mild HD (odds ratio [OR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–12.4; p = 0.047), but there was no difference in the frequency between GD patients. The difference in the frequency of +874T was observed in the subset of patients with HD negative for TgAb (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 1.2–57.3; p = 0.029) but not in the subset of patients with HD positive for TgAb. Our data indicate that the +874A/T polymorphism in the IFN- γ gene is associated with severity of HD.
Registration of a pulsed generation of electron beam in the nanosecond range under heating and cooling cycles of a lithium niobate crystal at atmospheric pressure

We describe here an experimental prototype designed for registration of nanosecond discharge current pulses with an amplitude of up to 600 mA and a negative/positive polarity in the air gap between the +Z surface of a pyroelectric lithium niobate crystal and a flat copper electrode during the crystal heating/cooling cycles. The experiments were carried out in air at atmospheric pressure using a cylindrical lithium niobate sample with a diameter of 13 mm and a thickness of 7 mm. With the temperature varying from 20 to 80 °C, there were registered over 50 discharge pulses for heating as well as for cooling stage. Their parameters testify to pyroelectric generation of pulsed electron beam with a current at maximum from 45 mA to 600 mA, duration of about 15 ns, rise time from 1 to 1.9 ns, and transferred charge from 0.95 to 5.7 nC.
High-spatial resolution measurements with a GaAs:Cr sensor using the charge integrating MÖNCH detector with a pixel pitch of 25 μm

The aim of this project is to determine the imaging capabilities of a 25 μm pixel pitch GaAs:Cr sensor of 500 μm thickness bump-bonded to the charge integrating MÖNCH 03 readout chip (also called GaAs-MÖNCH assembly) and to assess the possibility to improve the spatial resolution by applying a position interpolation algorithm developed at PSI. Measurements were performed at the TOMCAT beamline of the Swiss Light Source (SLS) using photon beams in the energy range of 10–30 keV. The imaging experiments indicate the possibility to enhance the spatial resolution of the detector beyond its actual physical pixel pitch. We have quantified the spatial resolution of a GaAs-MÖNCH assembly by means of the modulation transfer function (MTF), achieving 10 μm at 10 keV and 12 μm at 20 keV photon energies. By applying a modified interpolation algorithm, a spatial resolution of ∼5 μm was obtained for 16 keV when binning to 2.5 μm virtual pixels, while with the silicon-MÖNCH assembly, we achieved a spatial resolution of 3.5 μm, which serves as gold standard. The results are promising because they open new possibilities to perform imaging measurements using the GaAs-MÖNCH assembly at photon energies above 15 keV, where silicon sensors suffer from a diminishing quantum efficiency.
Urban-Scale Energy Models: the relationship between cooling energy demand and urban form

To enhance the quality of life in cities, it is necessary to improve the energy performance of buildings together with a sustainable urban planning especially in high-density contexts. Previous works investigated the building shape, the urban morphology, and the local climate conditions to optimize the energy performance for space heating of buildings. The aim of this study is to validate a GIS-based engineering model to simulate the hourly energy demand for space cooling in residential buildings at neighborhood scale and to assess the relationship between the urban form and the energy performance in terms of cooling energy demand. A place- based methodology was applied to six neighborhoods in the city of Turin (Italy), identified as homogeneous zones with different building characteristics and urban contexts. The hourly cooling demand of residential buildings was studied starting from the energy balance at building scale, and then was applied at block of buildings scale with the support of GIS. This model was validated with a comparison of the results using CitySim tool and ISO 52016 assessment. In order to investigate the relationship between cooling energy demand and urban form, the GIS- based engineering model was applied to five typical blocks of buildings with different construction periods. The results show how cooling energy demand varies according to building characteristics and urban morphology in a continental-temperate climate. By this analysis, it is possible to identify the optimal block of building shape in Turin ensuring lower energy consumptions during the cooling season with different types of buildings.
Surgical Outcome in Refractory Epilepsy due to Mesial Temporal Sclerosis: Analyses of 56 Consecutive Patients

: Objective: To analyse the surgical outcome in refractory epilepsy due to mesial temporal sclerosis at a tertiary care centre. Methods: post op longitudinal follow up of 56 consecutive patients operated on for drug resistant mesial temporal sclerosis. Results: The mean age of the present group was 25.4±8.06 years (4- 46 years). The most common age group was 20-30 years (62.5%). In this study, 62.5 % (n=35) of patients were males and rest were female. There were 41 patients (73.2%) with aura and 15 patients (26.8%) without aura in our study. In this study, there were 26 cases (46.4%) with dystonic posturing during seizure attack confirmed on video-EEG while it was absent in attendant description and video-EEG in 30 cases (53.6%). Most of the patients suffered for about 20 years prior to surgery. In this study, there were 42.8% (n=27) of Right MTS diagnosed on the basis of MRI alone, 51.8 %( n=29) were left MTS, 3.6 %( n=2) were negative for MTS study and 1.8 %( n=1) were bilateral MTS. In the present study, 24 patients showed Left IED (42.8%) and 23 cases showed Right IED (41%). Bilateral IED were seen in 7 cases (12.5%). In this study (n=56), mesial temporal sclerosis was reported in50 cases (89.3%) and in 6 cases (10.70%) MTS was associated with other pathology which could not be diagnosed preoperatively. In this study (n=56), 41% of the subjects were using ≤ 2 AED’s and 59 % were using 3 or more AED’s preoperatively. Outcome after a minimum follow up of 6 months was Engel grade I in 52 (92.8%) and Engel grade II in 4 cases (7.2 %). We observed that 37 subjects (66.1%) in this study had normal EEG which was done on 7 th postoperative day and the rest (33.9%) showed abnormal EEG. 48 subjects (85.7%) had normal EEG at the end of 6 months after surgery and the rest (14.3%) had abnormal EEG. Most commonly seen postoperative complication was meningitis (4 cases) (7%). Conclusions: Anterior temporal lobectomy along with amygdalohippocampectomy is a standard treatment option for mesial temporal sclerosis in well selected cases. Oroalimentary automatisms classically remain most common semiology feature of mesial temporal sclerosis. There is no correlation between postoperative 7 th day EEG and 6 months EEG on surgical outcome. This study did not find any correlation between the duration of seizures prior to surgery, number of preop AED or any associated pathology along with mesial temporal sclerosis histologically with the surgical outcome. been evaluated with long-term video-EEG with and sphenoidal electrodes
PAC Top-k Identification under SST in Limited Rounds

We consider the problem of ﬁnding top-k items from a set of n items using actively chosen pairwise comparisons. This problem has been widely studied in machine learning and has widespread applications in recommendation systems, sports, social choice etc. Motivated by applications where there can be a substantial delay between requesting comparisons and receiving feedback, we consider an active/adaptive learning setting where the algorithm uses limited rounds of parallel interaction with the feedback generating oracle. We study this problem under the strong stochastic transitivity (SST) noise model which is a widely studied ranking model and captures many applications. A special case of this model is the noisy comparison model for which it was recently shown that O ( n log k ) comparisons and log ∗ n rounds of adaptivity are suﬃcient to ﬁnd the set of top-k items (Cohen-Addad et al., 2020; Braverman et al., 2019). Under the more general SST model, it is known that O ( n ) comparisons and O ( n ) rounds are suﬃcient to ﬁnd a PAC top-1 item (Falahatgar et al., 2017a,b), however, not much seems to be known for general k , even given unbounded rounds of adaptivity. We ﬁrst show that Ω( nk ) comparisons are necessary for PAC top-k identiﬁcation under SST even with unbounded adaptivity, establishing that this problem is strictly harder under SST than it is for the noisy comparison model. Our main contribution is to show that the 2 -round query complexity for this problem is (cid:101) Θ( n 4 / 3 + nk ) , and to show that just 3 rounds are suﬃcient to obtain a nearly optimal query complexity of (cid:101) Θ( nk ) . We further show that our 3 -round result can be improved
The Leishmania donovani Ortholog of the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Biosynthesis Cofactor PBN1 Is Essential for Host Infection

Visceral leishmaniasis is a deadly infectious disease caused by the parasites Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum. It remains a major global health problem, and there is no licensed highly effective vaccine. ABSTRACT Visceral leishmaniasis is a deadly infectious disease caused by Leishmania donovani, a kinetoplastid parasite for which no licensed vaccine is available. To identify potential vaccine candidates, we systematically identified genes encoding putative cell surface and secreted proteins essential for parasite viability and host infection. We identified a protein encoded by LdBPK_061160 which, when ablated, resulted in a remarkable increase in parasite adhesion to tissue culture flasks. Here, we show that this phenotype is caused by the loss of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored surface molecules and that LdBPK_061160 encodes a noncatalytic component of the L. donovani GPI-mannosyltransferase I (GPI-MT I) complex. GPI-anchored surface molecules were rescued in the LdBPK_061160 mutant by the ectopic expression of both human genes PIG-X and PIG-M, but neither gene could complement the phenotype alone. From further sequence comparisons, we conclude that LdBPK_061160 is the functional orthologue of yeast PBN1 and mammalian PIG-X, which encode the noncatalytic subunits of their respective GPI-MT I complexes, and we assign LdBPK_061160 as LdPBN1. The LdPBN1 mutants could not establish a visceral infection in mice, a phenotype that was rescued by constitutive expression of LdPBN1. Although mice infected with the null mutant did not develop an infection, exposure to these parasites provided significant protection against subsequent infection with a virulent strain. In summary, we have identified the orthologue of the PBN1/PIG-X noncatalytic subunit of GPI-MT I in trypanosomatids, shown that it is essential for infection in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis, and demonstrated that the LdPBN1 mutant shows promise for the development of an attenuated live vaccine. IMPORTANCE Visceral leishmaniasis is a deadly infectious disease caused by the parasites Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum. It remains a major global health problem, and there is no licensed highly effective vaccine. Molecules that are displayed on the surface of parasites are involved in host-parasite interactions and have important roles in immune evasion, making vaccine development difficult. One major way in which parasite surface molecules are tethered to the surface is via glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors; however, the enzymes required for all the biosynthetic steps in these parasites are not known. Here, we identified the enzyme required for an essential step in the GPI anchor-biosynthetic pathway in L. donovani, and we show that while parasites lacking this gene are viable in vitro, they are unable to establish infections in mice, a property we show can be exploited to develop a live genetically attenuated parasite vaccine.