Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution of the zeros of Hermite–Padé polynomials for a complex Nikishin system

where r is a complex rational function such that r(x) ̸= 0 for x ∈ ∆ := [−1, 1], and h : ∆ → C is a holomorphic function on ∆, h ∈ H (∆), that has an analytic continuation from ∆ along each path disjoint from a finite set of points Σ ⊂ C \∆, card(Σ) < ∞, and moreover, h / ∈ H (C \ Σ) and Σ contains at least one branch point of h. Thus, h is a function in the class A ◦(Σ) (see [9], [10], [5]). For the tuple [1, f1, f2] and an arbitrary positive integer n, Hermite–Padé polynomials (of the 1st kind) Qn,j ∈ Cn[z]\{0} of order n at z = ∞ are (non-uniquely) determined by the relation (Qn,0 + Qn,1f1 + Qn,2f2)(z) = O(z−2n−2) as z → ∞. The pair of functions f1, f2 forms a (generalized complex) Nikishin system [6]. 2. Let φ(z) := z + √ z2 − 1, z / ∈ ∆, where we take the branch of the square root function such that |φ(z)| > 1 for z / ∈ ∆. For an arbitrary compact set K ⊂ C \∆ and an arbitrary unit positive measure μ with support on K, μ ∈M1(K), we let
Local existence, global existence and blow-up of solutions to a nonlocal Kirchhoff diffusion problem

In this paper, we study the following diffusion model of Kirchhoff-type driven by a nonlocal integro-differential operator where [u]s is the Gagliardo seminorm of u, is a bounded domain with Lipschitz boundary, , is a nonlocal integro-differential operator defined in (), which generalizes the fractional Laplace operator , is the initial function, and is a continuous function and there exist two constants m0 > 0 and such that As is well-known, the nonlocal Kirchhoff problem was first introduced and motivated in Fiscella and Valdinoci (2014 Nonlinear Anal. 94 156–70) and the above problem was studied by Xiang et al (2018 Nonlinearity 31 3228–50), the main results of Xiang et al (2018 Nonlinearity 31 3228–50) are as follows: The local existence of nontrivial, nonnegative weak solution for , where . The blow-up conditions for nontrivial, nonnegative weak solution when J(u0) < 0, where J(u0) denotes the initial energy. The main purpose of this paper is to extend the above results and we get: The global existence of nontrivial, nonnegative weak solution for any . The global existence and blow-up conditions for nontrivial, nonnegative weak solution when for the case , where d is a positive constant given in ().
Adaptive Dynamics: Branching Phenomena and the Canonical Equation

In this paper we provide an introduction to the field of Adaptive Dynamics. We present derivations for two of the fundamental components of the theory: “canonical equation” and the classification of singular strategies. We supplement the existing theory with a derivation of the variance associated with the canonical equation. We then consider a common ecological model (an instance of the logistic equation) that has been used to explore branching in the context of Adaptive Dynamics. We show that the branching properties of this model are maintained in a much more general form of which the familiar example is a particular instance. We then determine the expected evolutionary trajectory of a population in this model using the canonical equation, and find the associated variance of this trajectory. We also examine the stability of the dimorphic, branched population. Having determined each of these components analytically, we then confirm these predictions by implementing a model using an individual-based stochastic simulation.
On solutions of mixed boundary-value problems for the elasticity system in unbounded domains

We study the properties of generalized solutions of mixed boundary-value problems for the linear system of elasticity theory in the exterior of a compact set and in a half-space under the assumption that the energy integral with weight is finite for such solutions. Depending on the value of the parameter , a uniqueness criterion is established for these solutions, and exact formulae are obtained for the dimension of the space of solutions.
Comparing Three Instructional Modes for an Engineering Economy Course

This study compares three instructional modes in an “Engineering Economy” course: online, face-to-face (FtF), and flipped. Engineering Economy is a core course in this study and incorporates students with diverse backgrounds from different engineering majors. To discern the relation between student characteristics and teaching modality, an online questionnaire was designed for each mode and distributed over a two-year period. Data was collected and several statistical analyses were conducted to study the relationship between pedagogical delivery modes and various student-based factors such as gender, age, course load, living distance from campus, computer skills, work status, and first language. Students’ performance, persistence, and knowledge self-evaluation were also compared in different modes. The statistical analyses of data at 95% confidence level show that among all the factors, only the ratio of native English speakers, course load and work category differ significantly in different instructional modes. No statistically significant difference was observed between different modes for other factors.
A Newtonian pre-introduction to gravitational lenses

Understanding the deflection of light by a massive deflector, as well as the associated gravitational lens phenomena, requires the use of the theory of general relativity. I consider here a classical analogy, based on Newton's equation of motion for massive particles. These particles are emitted by a distant source and deflected by the gravitational field of a (opaque) star or of a (transparent) galaxy. The dependence of the deviation angle D on the impact parameter b and the—Euclidean—geometry of the (source, deflector, earth) triplet, imply that different particle trajectories may reach an earth based observer. Since D(b) does not depend on the mass of the particles, a (Newtonian) flavour of gravitational lens phenomena is naively obtained by setting the particles' velocity equal to the speed of light. Orders of magnitude are obtained through this classical approach, and are compared to the general relativity results.
Mathematical model of arc in pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding

A two-dimensional transient model is introduced to describe the heat transfer and fluid flow in pulsed gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding. The current continuity equation has been solved with the combined arc plasma - cathode system, independent of the assumption of the current density distribution on the cathode surface which was essential in previous studies of the arc plasma. The temperature distribution in pulsed GTA welding has been described, and the transition processes of temperature contours and current densities at the anode centre have been studied. Moreover, the effects of pulsed welding parameters on the dynamic process of current density at the anode centre are studied using the developed model. The results have been compared with experimental data measured by the probe method.
High spatial resolution microwave detection system for Brillouin-based distributed temperature and strain sensors

We present a microwave detection system for coherent detection of spontaneous Brillouin-based distributed temperature and strain measurements. The system was designed to overcome the existing bandwidth limitations of a previously used commercial spectrum analyser and provide a commercially practical solution to the detection of the Brillouin frequency shift and intensity for long range high spatial resolution measurements. The detection system bandwidth corresponds to a potential spatial resolution of ∼60 cm. The system was demonstrated as a temperature sensor over a range of 30 km, with a temperature resolution of 1.6 °C and spatial resolution of ∼2 m. It was also demonstrated as a combined temperature and strain sensor over a range of 6.3 km with ∼1.3 m spatial resolution; temperature and strain resolutions of 3 °C and 80 µε respectively were achieved.
The Future of Photometric, Spectrophotometric and Polarimetric Standardization

Abstract. The proliferation of near-infrared (1–5 µm) photometric systemsover the last 30 years has made the comparison of photometric results diﬃcult. In an eﬀort to standardize infrared ﬁlters in use, the Mauna Kea Observatoriesnear-infrared ﬁlter set has been promoted among instrument groups throughcombined ﬁlter production runs. The characteristics of this ﬁlter set are sum-marized, and some aspects of the ﬁlter wavelength deﬁnitions, the ﬂux densityfor zero magnitude, atmospheric extinction coeﬃcients, and color correction toabove the atmosphere are discussed. 1. IntroductionThe foundations of modern infrared photometry at near-infrared wavelengths(1–5 µm) were built upon the pioneering work of Johnson and his collaborators(Johnson 1966; Johnson et al. 1966; Johnson, MacArthur, & Mitchell 1968). The near-infrared ﬁlters used in these early works were very broad, and theatmospheric absorption bands deﬁned the eﬀective widths of the ﬁlters. Theﬁlter proﬁles used by Johnson (1965) are shown in Fig. 1, which demonstratesthat the deep atmospheric absorption bands (mostly due to water vapor) playa signiﬁcant role in determining the eﬀective transmission of the atmosphere +telescope + ﬁlter observational system.The problem with allowing the atmosphere to deﬁne the passband is thatthe atmosphere varies substantially from place to place and, at any given loca-tion, from night to night (even from hour to hour). Hence, the reproducibility ofphotometricobservationsandconversionstootherphotometricsystems becomesdiﬃcult or impossible to achieve. To prevent these problems, the photometricbands should ideally be deﬁned by only the ﬁlter transmission proﬁles (if possi-ble). Ideally, the ﬁlter bandpasses should avoid deep telluric absorption featuresand any part of the telluric spectrum that has a large ﬁrst derivative and/or ishighly variable. In principle, ﬁlter properties can be controlled by the manufac-turer, and so the speciﬁcations and characteristics of the ﬁlters are usually theonly aspect of the observational system that can remain constant from instru-ment to instrument and site to site. If such a set of ﬁlters were easily replicableand distributed to a large number of observatories, the comparison of photomet-409
Oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductors: a review of the experimental status

Oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductors (O-DMS) have attracted a great deal of interest in recent years due to the possibility of inducing room temperature ferromagnetism. These materials are of particular interest for spintronic devices such as spin valves. This review describes the experimental status of the O-DMS including the recent results on ZnO- and TiO2-based systems.
Corrective Control by Line Switching for Relieving Voltage Violations Based on A Three-Stage Methodology

An online line switching methodology to relieve voltage violations is proposed. This novel online methodology is based on a three-stage strategy, including screening, ranking, and detailed analysis and assessment stages for high speed (online application) and accuracy. The proposed online methodology performs the tasks of rapidly identifying effective candidate lines, ranking the effective candidates, performing detailed analysis of the top ranked candidates, and supplying a set of solutions for the power system. The post-switching power systems, after executing the proposed line switching action, meet the operational and engineering constraints. The results provided by the exact Alternating Current (AC) power flow are used as a benchmark to compare the speed and accuracy of the proposed three-stage methodology. One feature of the methodology is that it can provide a set of high-quality switching solutions from which operators may choose a preferred solution. The effectiveness of the proposed online line switching methodology in providing single-line switching and multiple-line switching solutions to relieve voltage violations is evaluated on the IEEE 39-bus and 2746-bus power system. The CPU time of the proposed methodology compared with that under AC power flow constitutes a speed-up of 9905.32% on a 2746-bus power system, showing good potential for online application in a large-scale power system.
A new approach for improving global critical current density in Fe(Se0.5Te0.5) polycrystalline materials

A novel method to prepare bulk Fe(Se0.5Te0.5) samples is presented, based on a melting process and a subsequent annealing treatment. With respect to the standard sintering technique, it produces much more homogeneous and denser samples, characterized by large and well interconnected grains. The resulting samples exhibit optimal critical temperature values, sharp resistive and magnetic transitions, large magnetic hysteresis loops and high upper critical fields. Interestingly, the global critical current density is much enhanced as compared to the values reported in the literature for bulk samples of the same 11 family, reaching about 103 A cm−2 at zero field at 4.2 K, as assessed by magnetic, transport and magneto-optical techniques. Even more importantly, its field dependence turns out to be very weak, such that at μ0H = 7 T it is suppressed only by a factor ∼2.
and Food Probiotics and Prebiotics-Applications to Neonatal Intensive Care

Advances in neonatal intensive care over the last 25 years have significantly improved the survival of preterm very low birth weight (VLBW: Birth weight <1500 g) infants. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC ≥ Stage II) is the commonest acquired gastrointestinal emergency in this population. NEC affects about 6 to 7% of preterm VLBW infants and carries significant mortality (~25%) and morbidity including recurrent sepsis, complications of prolonged parenteral nutrition, need for surgery, and survival with short bowel syndrome [1]. Mortality (45% to 100%) and the risk of long term Neurodevelopmental Impairment (NDI) is higher in extremely low birth weight (ELBW: Birth weight < 100 g) infants needing surgery for the illness. The economic burden of NEC is also significant considering the complications of ≥ Stage II NEC that prolong the hospital stay [1].
Multispin string states and AdS/CFT spectroscopy

We review recent progress in establishing AdS/CFT duality in non-supersymmetric sectors of states with large spins. Solitonic solutions of the classical string action on the AdS5 × S5 background that carry spins in the Cartan subalgebra of the global symmetry group can be classified in terms of periodic solutions of the Neumann integrable system. In the limit of large spins J, the first subleading 1/J coefficient in the expansion of the string energy is expected to be non-renormalized to all orders in the inverse string tension expansion and thus can be directly compared to the one-loop anomalous dimensions of the corresponding composite operators in super YM theory. The latter may be found using the Bethe ansatz for special cases of the associated SO(6) spin chain.
Orthogonal completeness and algebraic systems

CONTENTS Introduction § 1. Orthogonally complete Boolean rings § 2. Orthogonally complete Boolean algebraic systems over a Boolean ring § 3. The calculus of Boolean predicates § 4. Boolean localizations of orthogonally complete Boolean algebraic systems § 5. Orthogonally complete algebraic systems § 6. Boolean localizations of orthogonally complete algebraic systems § 7. Connections with closely related papers on model theory § 8. Orthogonal completeness in ring theory References
Comparison of FDTD-calculated specific absorption rate in adults and children when using a mobile phone at 900 and 1800 MHz

In this paper, the specific absorption rate (SAR) in scaled human head models is analysed to study possible differences between SAR in the heads of adults and children and for assessment of compliance with the international safety guidelines, while using a mobile phone. The finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) has been used for calculating SAR values for models of both children and adults, at 900 and 1800 MHz. Maximum 1 g averaged SAR (SAR1 g) and maximum 10 g averaged SAR (SAR10 g) have been calculated in adults and scaled head models for comparison and assessment of compliance with ANSI/IEEE and European guidelines. Results show that peak SAR1 g and peak SAR10 g all trend downwards with decreasing head size but as head size decreases, the percentage of energy absorbed in the brain increases. So, higher SAR in children's brains can be expected depending on whether the thickness of their skulls and surrounding tissues actually depends on age. The SAR in eyes of different sizes, as a critical organ, has also been studied and very similar distributions for the full size and the scaled models have been obtained. Standard limits can only be exceeded in the unpractical situation where the antenna is located at a very short distance in front of the eye.
Environmental impact on morphological and anatomical structure of Tansy

Morphological and anatomical structure of Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) from two specific locations in one town, depending on environmental conditions, were carried out: anthropogenic Ada Huja (polluted zone) and non anthropogenic Topcider park (unpolluted). Study included the diferences in the structure of leaves, stem and roots. The plants from both cites showed visible morphological and anatomical changes in leaves. However, some reduction in these features were observed in leaves, which were collected from the anthropogenic Ada Huja site. Significant reduction in thickness of Tansy leaves from Ada Huja was recorded. Also, thickness reduction of leaf mesophyll, palisade parenchyma and upper and lower epidermis in plants from anthropogenic Ada Huja site was noticed. Similarly, reduction in the anatomical structures of leaves from polluted areas was also observed. Chlorophyll content in leaves from polluted and non poluted Topcider park, which is control site in this case, was measured too. Due to unfavourable environmental conditions, leaves of Ada Huja plants had lower chlorophyll a and b content. All recorded diferences in morfological and anatomical structure and chlorophyll content of the Tansy were caused by differences of cumulative environmental conditions with dominant efects of the contamination degree of the location, soil type and microclimate.
Correction to the Updated Edlén Equation for the Refractive Index of Air

There has been significant correspondence following our recent revision of the EdlCn equation for the refractive index of air [ l ] highlighting a sign error which occurred in our correction for the change from the IPTS-1948 to the ITS-90 temperature scale. In addition there has been some correspondence in connection with the manner of the application of the correction for the change in temperature scales. It has been suggested that rather than its incorporation into the terms of the dispersion equation, which we chose, it would have been better to modify the density term. If this alternative is adopted the terms in the dispersion equation revert to those given in the original EdlCn equation [2 ] . The true correction factor arising from the change from IPTS1948 to the ITS-90 temperature scale is 0,999 968 7, rather than our previously reported 1,OO0030, giving an overall correction factor of 1,000 048 6. This results in the following revised form of the EdlCn equations:
Comments on the paper `Optical properties of bovine muscle tissue in vitro; a comparison of methods'

The Editor, Sir, In the recently published paper by Zijp and ten Bosch (1998), table 1 reports values of optical properties of mammalian muscular tissue as published by several authors. Among the cited optical values, those related to human species were derived from an article by myself (Marchesiniet al1989). However, the values reported in table 1 differ from those published in the article in Applied Opticsby a factor ten. In fact, the numbers are the same (absorption coefficient = 11 .2± .8, scattering coefficient = 530 ±44) but in table 1 the coefficients are expressed in mm −1, whereas in the original paper they were expressed in cm −1. I thought that this macroscopic mistake was due to a misprinting but, in the discussion, the authors state that ‘Marchesini et al found a very high value for the scattering coefficient from collimated transmission measurements’, and they use this (wrong) comparison to justify their observations. I am concerned and really puzzled that nobody thought of checking the data reported in theApplied Opticsarticle, thus avoiding such a trivial error, and I wonder if the authors can further justify their statement that ‘collimated transmission measurements give results which are too high in scattering coefficient’.
Rotating Plasmas

A review is given of theoretical and experimental investigations on rotating plasmas. The basic equations are discussed from the microscopic and macroscopic points of view, including the balance of matter, momentum, and heat, as well as associated stability problems and limiting effects. Various types of devices are described, and obtained experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions. The review also summarizes the applications of rotating plasmas to fusion research, cosmical physics, and special technical arrangements such as plasma centrifuges, adjustable plasma condensers, and plasma gun and propulsion systems.
Revisiting the Calculation of the Early Time HEMP Conducted Environment

The early time high altitude electromagnetic pulse conducted environment calculation is revisited by using the transmission line (TL) theory and including high-frequency corrections that were not present in the earlier studies. Waveform salient parameters, such as the current peak, rise time, and pulsewidth, are studied as a function of a number of parameters involved in the calculation. The obtained cumulative distribution functions of the parameter probabilities are discussed and compared with the existing standards for the HEMP protection. The high-frequency correction to the TL model results in a decrease of the current amplitudes of 15–20%. For the highest currents, rise times in the range of 25 ns are obtained. A less significant impact was found in the calculation of the pulsewidth, which was increased to about 150 ns.
Frechet differentiability of boundary integral operators in inverse acoustic scattering

Using integral equation methods to solve the time-harmonic acoustic scattering problem with Dirichlet boundary conditions, it is possible to reduce the solution of the scattering problem to the solution of a boundary integral equation of the second kind. We show the Frechet differentiability of the boundary integral operators which occur. We then use this to prove the Frechet differentiability of the scattered field with respect to the boundary. Finally we characterize the Frechet derivative of the scattered field by a boundary value problem with Dirichlet conditions, in an analogous way to that used by Firsch.