Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socio-Economic Analysis of Goat Rearing Farmers in Mahoba District of Bundelkhand

It is unfortunate that, Indian farmers are dying from hunger and malnutrition even though Indian economy based on agriculture. Out of other remedies goat rearing is a way to fight from poverty and providing nutrition to small and marginal farmers. A study was made to assess competitive advantage of rearing goat in the district of Mahoba between small marginal and large farmers. The aim of this study was to find out the socio-economic characteristics and economics of goat keepers in mahoba of Bundelkhand. The study was carried out in mahoba district during 2012. 45 per cent of respondents had average family size of 3 to5 persons, 35 per cent respondents had average family size of 1 to 3 persons and 20 per cent had family size of 5 to 10 persons. 33 per cent and 24 per cent respectively had intermediate and high school level of education. 8 per cent respondents were illiterate. Agriculture was the main occupation and so as the source of income too. Most of the farmers had more than fifteen years of farming experience. The socio-economic characteristics of the respondents were found to be significantly related to dairy management practices. The capital investment per goat was highest on large farms ( 772.01/year), followed by marginal farms ( 763.17/year) and small goat keepers ( 733.36/year). The margin of profit on large farms was highest. The overall return over cost A (paid out expenses and depreciation) was 3186.21, over cost B (cost A + interest on fixed capital) was 3093.65 and over cost C (cost B + input value of family labour) was 1635.32.
Older Women, Domestic Violence, and Elder Abuse: A Review of Commonalities, Differences, and Shared Approaches

SUMMARY Elder abuse and neglect have increasingly become issues of concern. Older women are the majority of older people who experience abuse, yet there have been few attempts to adequately consider this. Consideration of the potential links between domestic violence and elder abuse is appropriate. This article provides an overview of knowledge about elder abuse and neglect and then moves to examine factors from domestic violence. An exploration, through review, of the similarities and differences between these approaches will assist in determining relative strengths and weaknesses. This will then contribute towards greater understanding of the linked phenomena of elder abuse and neglect and assist towards both protection and prevention of abuse.
Efecto de Enalapril sobre la restauración eritropoyética en la anemia murina Effect of Enalapril on erythropoiesis recovery in murine anemia

The presence of Angiotensin receptors in erythropoietic bone marrow and marrow stromal cells clearly shows a mechanism for Rennin-Angiotensin System-mediated regulation of erythropoiesis. The aim was to study the effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibition (ACEI) as Enalapril(E) on erythropoietic response in anemic mice treated with Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) by means of hematological and histological studies. Both PHZ and E-PHZ-treated mice showed hemolysis on day 14. However the restoration of anemic state occurred on day 16 in PHZ-treated mice and on day 20 in E-PHZ-treated mice. Erythropoietic activity was observed in spleen (day16) and kidney (day20) of E-PHZ-treated mice. In PHZ-treated mice erythropoietic activity was seen in spleen and kidney on day 16. We conclude that Inhibition of ACE with Enalapril delays the erythropoietic recovery of hemolytic anemia in E-PHZ-treated mice. Erythropoietic activity in spleen and kidney suggest an involvement of these organs in the erythron recovery.
Unusual Presentation of Flexor Tendon Sheath Massive Ganglion

Citation: Saleeb H, Kanvinde R (2016) Unusual Presentation of Flexor Tendon Sheath Massive Ganglion. J Surg Oper Care 1(1): 105. doi: 10.15744/2455-7617.1. 105 We report a unusual case of a flexor tendon sheath ganglion in a 78 years old, right hand dominant female presented with right little finger large multiloculated swelling involving the whole volar aspect of the little finger leaving the patient with fears of malignancy, swollen finger with limited mobility and distal tip numbness. Clinical examination revealed large painless multiloculated swelling about 4cm x 2cm x 3cm with no involvement of neurovascular bundle though patient reported some occasional numbness in the tip of her little finger, as well as positive transillumination, limited mobility due the size of the swelling. The importance of the simple invaluable tools of history taking and focus on clinical examination, simple investigations. A comprehensive knowledge of the regional anatomy together with good preoperative diagnostic technique is essential for their safe excision particularly in those with unusual presentation. Background Ganglion cysts affect the hand and wrist; they are frequently seen in patients attending the orthopaedic clinics. Women are more commonly affected than men. These lesions usually arise adjacent to joints or tendons. Dorsal wrist ganglion cysts account for 60-70% while the volar ones for 18-20%. Although much has been written about this common hand tumor, little attention has been given to flexor tendon sheath ganglions, which are often referred to as volar retinacular cysts or “sesamoid” or “pearl-seed” ganglia. Incidence of volar massive ganglion arising from flexor tendon sheath is uncommon. The etiology of the flexor tendon sheath ganglion is unknown [1-3]. One of the less common sites for the development of ganglion is the flexor tendon sheath of a finger or thumb. Ganglia arising here are usually small and unilocular. They show little tendency to increase in size with the passage of time. Unlike most other ganglia, they are tender-often acutely so-and the degree of disability they produce is out of all proportion to their size [4]. Case Presentation 78 years old female patient who is right hand dominant with past medical history of Hypothyroidism on oral levothyroxine tablets presented with a swelling on the volar side of her right little finger (Figure 1). Her main concern that she cannot use her finger as a right handed person and she was worried of the rapid reformation of such swelling in the due course of few days. Initially all she had was 1-2 cm swelling on the finger which was aspirated 1 year ago uneventfully. Histology showed a simple ganglion. Figure 1: Swelling on the volar side of her right little finger Received Date: August 23, 2015 Accepted Date: December 29, 2015 Published Date: January 04, 2016 Volume 1 | Issue 1 Journal of Surgery and Operative Care
Alterations in circulating estradiol-17 in male patients with Graves's disease.

Abstract Serum concentrations of estradiol-17β (E2), gonadotropins and long acting thyroid stimulator were studied in 10 consecutive male patients with active Graves's disease. Serum E2 was elevated in all patients before therapy. In two men with gynecomastia the concentrations were as high as those observed in normal women. The per cent dialyzable E2 was significantly reduced in hyperthyroid males as compared to normal males and was similar to that seen in eugonadal women; but the absolute concentration of unbound E2, evaluated in one prepubertal and five adult patients without gynecomastia, was elevated in four of the five adults. The mean serum concentrations of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones were also higher in the hyperthyroid men than in normal men. Serum E2 fell gradually and consistently during effective treatment of hyperthyroidism with propylthiouracil. Neither the occurrence of gynecomastia nor the serum concentration of E2 correlated with serum concentration of long acting thyro.
Pattern of Neonatal Mortality in a Teritiary Health Facility in Umuahia, South East, Nigeria

Background: Neonatal mortality rates are highest in Sub-Saharan Africa, with Nigeria inclusive. And so the aim of the current study was to audit the pattern of neonatal deaths. Study Design: A cross sectional retrospective descriptive study was undertaken. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Newborn Special Care Unit (NBSCU) of Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Umuahia with a review of the admissions and mortality register between 2000 and 2010. Methods: A review of the admissions and mortality register of the NBSCU between 2000 and 2010 was undertaken. Data extracted from the register included socio-demographic variables, birth weight, diagnosis/cause of death, duration of hospitalization, place of delivery (inborn/out-born), source of referral. Original Research Article International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 4(2): 136-146, 2014 137 Results: Total admission over the period was 2,756 comprising 1541 (55.9%) males and 1215 (44.1%) females. Total deaths was 440, comprising 235 (53.4%) males and 205 (46.6%) females. An overall case fatality rate of 16.0% was reported in the current study with mean age at death being 4.7± 6.0 days (0.0128 days). Majority of the dead cases were out-born, 263/440 (59.8%) compared to in-born, 177/440 (40.2%). Forty two percent (185 cases) of the deaths occurred with 24 hours of hospitalization while 25.9% (114 cases) passed on after 72 hours of admission. The leading probable direct causes of neonatal deaths were birth asphyxia (141), preterm delivery (133), neonatal sepsis (58), severe neonatal Jaundice (41), and neonatal tetanus (14). Most deaths (42.0%) occurred in the first 24hours irrespective of the cause of death. Conclusion: High rate of neonatal mortality, most of which are largely preventable as observed in the index study still abound in our locale. High cost effective maternal and newborn interventions could be applied even at community levels where most of the deliveries occur to save lives of the newborns.
Effect of Inhaled Prostaglandin E2 on Methacholine and Leukotriene D4 Airway Responsiveness in Asthmatic Subjects

Previous studies in asthmatics have demonstrated that the endogenous release of inhibitory prostaglandins limits the bronchoconstrictor response to repeated challenges with exercise and histamine, and that inhaled prostaglandin (PG) E2 attenuates allergen-induced asthmatic responses and exercise bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. Inhaled PGE2 does not significantly attenuate methacholine airway responsiveness. These results, taken together, indicate that inhaled PGE2 attenuates the bronchoconstriction caused by stimuli, such as allergen and exercise, that result in bronchoconstriction through cysteinyl leukotriene (LT) release. The purpose of this study was to determine whether inhaled PGE2 could selectively attenuate LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction in seven stable asthmatic subjects. Each subject was studied on four different study days. On two occasions the subjects inhaled 100 mg PGE2, 30 mins before a methacholine, or LTD4 challenge test. On the other two study days, the subjects were pretreated with its diluent. Results were expressed as the provocation concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (PC20). PGE2 pretreatment significantly increased the LTD4 PC20, but not the methacholine PC20. The mean LTD4 PC20 increased from 2.00 mg/mL (%SEM 1.65) after diluent pretreatment to 3.01 mg/mL (%SEM 1.64) after PGE2 pretreatment (P=0.008). The mean methacholine PC20 was 1.28 mg/mL (%SEM 1.68) after diluent pretreatment and 1.62 mg/mL (%SEM 1.46) after PGE2 pretreatment (P=0.28). These results suggest that PGE2 partially attenuates LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction; however, the magnitude of the effect is unlikely to account for its attenuation of exercise and allergen-induced bronchoconstriction.
Outcomes of a Switch to Fingolimod to Treat Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: A Patient Subgroup Post Hoc Analysis

Objective: The EPOC study assessed the effects of switching from an injectable disease-modifying therapy (glatiramer acetate or one of three interferon beta drugs) to once-daily, oral fingolimod 0.5 mg in patients with relapsing MS. Outcomes were assessed in several patient subgroups at 6 months between patients who switched to fingolimod and those who continued on iDMT. Methods: Differences in study endpoints between those who switched to fingolimod and those who continued on an iDMT were evaluated by age, gender, baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale score, MS duration, number of relapses in the previous year, previous treatment, previous treatment duration, and reason for switching. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to month 6 in the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication Global Satisfaction score. Secondary endpoints were changes in scores for the TSQM Effectiveness, Side Effects and Convenience subscales, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Fatigue Severity Scale, Patient-Reported Outcome Indices for Multiple Sclerosis Activities subscale and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. Physician-assessed Clinical Global Impressions of Improvement score at 6 months was also recorded. Results: Switching to fingolimod from iDMT significantly improved scores in all subgroups for TSQM Global Satisfaction at month 6 (all comparisons p≤0.001). Switching to fingolimod significantly improved secondary endpoint scores across all scales for most subgroups (p<0.05) with a few exceptions: switching to fingolimod improved PRIMUS Activities scores only in patients with baseline EDSS scores of greater than 2.5 (p<0.05), and did not improve FSS scores in patients who were male, switched for efficacy reasons, received previous glatiramer acetate, or in whom MS symptom onset had occurred less than 3 years ago. For SF-36 scores, the benefit of switching to fingolimod was highly variable. Conclusion: Switching to fingolimod from iDMT improved outcomes versus continuing on iDMT, including for overall treatment satisfaction, in patients with MS with wide-ranging baseline characteristics.
The analysis of related factors and infection status of human papilloma virus among women of Kunming

Objective To survey the infection situation of human papilloma virus in women of KunMing,and explore the relationship between the cervical lesion and human papilloma virus( HPV) infection,and related factors of HPV infection. Methods A total of 5268 women were selected from the second affiliated hospital of KunMing medical university from January 2012-April 2014 as study objects. we tested HPV- DNA genotype in cervical cell sample with diversion hybrid gene chip technology,and 310 patients were inspected by cervical pathological biopsy.Results There were 1157 cases( 21. 96) with HPV positive,including 1045 cases( 19. 84%) high- risk subtype and 112 cases( 2. 12%) low- risk subtype. One thousand and forty five cases of high- risk patients including single subtype infection 841 cases( 80. 5%) and mixed subtype infection 204 cases( 19. 5%). The four kinds of most common infection subtypes were HPV52,16,18 and 58. At low levels in patients with cervical lesions,The HPV subtypes were mainly HPV52 in low level patients with cervical lesions,and HPV 16 was mainly subtypes in the high grade of cervical lesions. The related factors of HPV infection were: first sex age,number of sexual partners,and smoking,they were independent factors of HPV infection. Conclusion HPV52 is the main type of women HPV infection in KunMing. HPV infection and cervical lesions is related,the bad habits of life and sex can cause HPV infection.
Elderly quality of life in the community: application of the Flanagan's Scale

The aim of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction degree of the elderly people regarding their quality of life. Data were obtained by a questionnaire characterizing the sample with a scale of quality proposed by Flanagan, using the interview technique. Among 128 elderly people, authors verified a insufficient degree of satisfaction. The dimensions of the quality of life pointed out by the Flanagan's scale were: personal development and fulfillment; family relations; social participation; welfare and material support; learning and friendship. The authors concluded that the Flanagan's scale presents limitations as a result of the subjectivity of the concept of quality.
TEST AND ANALYSIS OF CIRCUMFERENCE BLOOD CELLS OF 143 HEROIN DEPENDENT PATIENTS

Objective:To understand the changes in circumference blood cells of heroin dependent patients. Methods:The circumference blood cells of 143 heroin dependent patients who conformed to CCMD-3 diagnosis standard and 120 samples of healthy staff as control were analyzed with CELL-DYN 1800 completely automatic blood cell analyzer (produced by Abbott Company in America) and OLYMPUS CX21 optical microscope (produced by OLYMPUS Company in Japan). Results:For heroin dependent patients, the results of WBC, GRAN, LYM and PLT were obviously higher(P0.01), and the results of RBC and HGB were obviously lower(P0.01)compared with the control, however, there was no significance difference in MID(P0.05) between the two groups. In the heroin dependent patients, the WBC of 41 samples(28.7%)was higher than the normal, HGB of 25 samples(17.5%)and RBC of 19 samples(13.3%)were lower than the normal, and the microscopic exam cellular form of 21 samples(14.7%)was abnormal, showing significant differences(P0.01)compared with the control. But there was no significant difference in PLT advances (12 samples, 8.4%) between the two groups(P0.05). Conclusion:The circumference blood cell quantity and shape of heroin dependent patients have changed to varying degrees. Attention should be paid to the diagnosing and treatment of physical diseases of heroin dependent patients.
Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics and Control Status of Hypertension in Residents Aged 15 and above in Guangzhou

Objective To find out the epidemiological features and control status of hypertension in Guangzhou.Methods 23 485 subjects aged over 15 years old were selected with stratified multi-stage randomized sampling.One street/town was selected randomly in each district,and five resident families were selected randomly in each resident unit/village,a total of 500 families were sampled.The history of hypertension and social-economic status were investigated by face-to-face interview and blood pressure(BP),body height,body weight and waistline were measured at the same time.Results A total of 4 034 persons with hypertension was screened out in 23 485 target objects,the prevalence of hypertension was 17.2%,the age-adjusted prevalence was 11.4%. There was no difference of the prevalence between male and female,and the prevalence was higher in urban area than in rural area(P0.01)and increased with age.The ratios of Hypertension in diagnosed patients with stage 1,2 or 3 degree were accounted for 73.5%,20.6% and 5.9%,respectively.Both in male and in female,their hypertensive prevalence was increased with BMI and waistline increasing(P0.01). 72.5% of the subjects ever received BP measurement.Among the hypertensive patients,60.5% of them were aware of their BP,47.7% accepted medication treatment,and 26.4% had their BP under control.These three percentages in urban area were higher than those in rural area(P0.01). Conclusion The results indicated that the current prevalence of hypertension in Guangzhou was a bit higher and the interventional measures didn't work well.The programs of comprehensive control and treatment measures should be enhanced in Guangzhou.
Effects of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibition on Circuitry Changes in the Dentate Gyrus of Mice after Focal Brain Injury

OF DISSERTATION EFFECTS OF MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN INHIBITION ON CIRCUITRY CHANGES IN THE DENTATE GYRUS OF MICE AFTER FOCAL BRAIN INJURY Post-traumatic epilepsy is a common outcome of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The development of spontaneous seizures after traumatic brain injury generally follows a latent period of little to no symptoms. The series of events occurring in this latent period are not well understood. Additionally, there is no current treatment to prevent the development of epilepsy after TBI (i.e. antiepileptogenics). One cell signaling pathway activated in models of TBI and in models of epilepsy is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR activity is sustained for weeks after the initial insult in models of TBI, and the inhibition of mTOR using rapamycin has shown promising preclinical outcomes in rodent models. This makes rapamycin an ideal therapeutic to test various outcomes associated with epileptogenesis after TBI. The results from this study suggest that rapamycin treatment after controlled cortical impact reduces aberrant axonal sprouting of ipsilateral dentate granule cells, prevents increased neurogenesis in the subgranular zone, and differentially alters phasic and tonic inhibition in dentate granule cells. However, rapamycin treatment did not prevent all forms of axon sprouting in the dentate gyrus or cell loss in selected regions of the hippocampus. Collectively these results support a role of mTOR activity in both excitatory and inhibitory plasticity in the mouse dentate gyrus after TBI.
Seroprevalence of HBsAg among Female Patients Seeking Healthcare in Bo Government Hospital, Southern Sierra Leone: 14-Months Database Study

Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) seroprevalence varies globally but is positively correlated with the prevalence of HIV since both have the same route of transmission-contact with infected body fluids. Sierra Leone has a nascent hepatitis B epidemic and there is a paucity of research data and public health awareness about the infection. Bo where this research is done is the second largest city of Sierra Leone and is the regional headquarters of southern Sierra Leone. Aim: To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among female healthcare seekers who used the main government referral hospital in Bo, southern Sierra Leone. Methodology: We retrospectively analysed the serological diagnostic results of HBsAg for female healthcare seekers at the Bo Government Hospital. We later determined the HBsAg seroprevalence for various categories of the study subjects; pregnant women, lactating mothers, girls 5-18years and adults >18years for the period under review. Place and Duration of Study: This study is a multicenter investigation conducted at the
Antiulcer activity of methanolic extract of Acalypha indica Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) by pylorous ligature and swim stress induced ulceration.

Medicinal plants are nature’s gift to mankind. The plant kingdom holds many species containing substances of medicinal properties; the plant was used in folk medicine against pneumonia asthma and anthelminitic, diuretic, carminative, expectorant and emetic properties. The phytochemical investigation showed the presence of amino acids, proteins, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, gums and mucilage. The present study intended to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity was done in pylorus ligature and swim stressed induced ulcer in Wistar rats by using methanolic extract of Acalipha indica (MEAI). The MEAI showed significant reduction of gastric volume secretion, acidity and ulceration in pylorus legated and swim stressed rats at p<0.001. From the evaluation the Acalypha indica Linn. it could be added to the normal flora of the plant kingdom.