Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling evapotranspiration from sagebrush-grass rangeland.

Three models, CREAMS, SPAW, and ERHYM, were used to predict evapotranspiration (ET) from a sagebrush-grass range site in southwest Idaho. Model-predicted ET was compared with ET measured by a lysimeter and ET calculated with a water-balance equation using field-measured soil water and precipitation values. There was generally good agreement between the lysimeter and water-balance calculated ET and between these ET values and model-predicted ET. Maximum averaged daily ET rates were about 2.5 mm for April, May, and June with single day ET values from the lysimeter as high as 5.0 mm. Although the CREAMS predicted ET rates were generally higher than those predicted by SPAW and ERHYM or measured by the water-balanced method, all 3 models were functionally capable of simulating ET from sagebrush-grass range sites. ERHYM was the simplest of the 3 models to operate. The sagebrush-grass ecosystem includes about 52.6 million ha in the western United States (U.S. Forest Service 1980). Although its productivity per unit area is low, the sagebrush ecosystem is a major resource in terms of livestock production, wildlife habitat, and as a watershed for onsite and downstream water resources. This ecosystem supplies an estimated 25 million animal unit months (AUM) of grazing for domestic livestock with a potential for 78 million AUMs with improved management and range condition (USDA-SEA-AR 1980). Evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the soil water balance equation for semiarid rangelands. Branson et al. (1976) estimated that as much as 96% of the incoming precipitation was returned to the atmosphere as ET from such rangelands. Most estimates of ET from sagebrush-grass rangelands have been determined from field measurements of precipitation, soil water content, and runoff (Rawls et al. 1973, Sturgis 1979). During the past decade, several water-balance, climate models have been developed that can be used to predict evapotranspiration from rangelands. Most of these models have been evaluated for the shortgrass and mixedgrass prairies (lnnis 1978, Aase et al. 1973, Wight and Hanks 1981, de Jong and MacDonald 1975, Hanson 1976). Research on modeling ET from sagebrush-grasslands has been limited. Wight and Neff (1983) evaluated a water-balance, climate model in a sagebrush-grass community in southeastern Montana. Sonntag et al. (1982) developed an ecosystem model which included an ET component for a sagebrush-grass community in Nevada. Accurate estimates of ET are essential in the development of effective hydrologic and plant growth models. This paper evaluates Authors are range scientist, agricultural engineer, and hydrologist, respectively, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Watershed Research Center, 270 South Orchard, Boise, Ida. 83705. This article isa contribution from the USDA-ARS, Northwest Watershed Research Center, Boise, Ida. 83705. Manuscript accepted 14 May 1985. JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT 39(l), January 1966 the ET predicting capability of 2 cropland models and 1 rangeland model for application to sagebrush-grass rangelands.
ICTE and E-Learning: The Case of Private Higher Education Institutions in Morocco

: The objective of this research is to identify the factors that influence students' attitudes towards the use of information technology and communication for education (ICTE) in their online learning activities, by using several models, specifically in private higher education in Morocco. Several models have been used to examine the determinants of students' behavioral intention to use ICT in the learning process. Some of these popular models include the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and its extension, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT). In this research, the methodology used is that of a structural equation model in empirical testing and validation of the different hypotheses of our model based on a sample of 400 private higher education students and with the use of software tools for this purpose. The results showed that the intent of learners to use ICT for distance learning was significantly positively influenced by perceived usefulness, ICT quality, ICT output quality, ease of use, and hedonic motivation. Contrary to our previous expectations, facilitative conditions and social influence had no influence on the intention to use. Theoretically, this research aims to contribute to an improved understanding of the determinants of ICTE adoption by learners, by proposing a model that is part of a socio-technical analysis framework. Thus, the expected impact on management objectives is important. Managers will have a good tool, easy and quick to implement, allowing them to evaluate either one or all of the to evaluate either one or all of the variables in the model. The proposed model aims to identify not only the variables operationalized for ICT in a private higher education institution, but should also provide insight into the pathway that leads to its use by learners. The model can be contextualized within Moroccan public universities, contextualized at the regional level in the kingdom, our model can also be studied in other Arab or African countries or those with similar economies. The major limitations of our research are firstly the use of a conceptual model insufficiently based on causal relationships and secondly the failure to use moderating variables (age, level of education, experience)
Analysis of the Influence of Behavioral Bias on Investment Decisions of Young Investors in Surabaya

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the illusion of control, financial literacy and herding bias on the investment decision making of young investors in Surabaya. The population in this study are capital market investors who are domiciled in Surabaya. The sampling technique used in this study was a purposive sampling technique with the results of sample calculations obtained by a total of 95 respondents. This study used quantitative method with data collection techniques using questionnaires which were distributed to respondents in the city of Surabaya which were then analyzed using SmartPLS 4. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive effect on financial literacy on investment decisions for young investors in Surabaya, while the illusion of control and herding bias variables have no effect on investment decisions on young investors in Surabaya.
Extracellular vesicle proteome unveils cathepsin B connection to Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles that are released extracellularly and considered to be implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. Here, CSF EVs of 16 ATN-classified cases were subjected to quantitative proteome analysis. In these CSF EVs, levels of 11 proteins were significantly altered during the ATN stage transitions (P < 0.05 and fold-change > 2.0). These proteins were thought to be associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and represent candidate biomarkers for pathogenic stage classification. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of CSF and plasma EVs revealed altered levels of cathepsin B (CatB) during the ATN transition (seven ATN groups in validation set, n = 136). The CSF and plasma EV CatB levels showed a negative correlation with CSF amyloid-β42 concentrations. This proteomic landscape of CSF EVs in ATN classifications can depict the molecular framework of Alzheimer’s disease progression, and CatB may be considered a promising candidate biomarker and therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease amyloid pathology.
Do Financial Risks affect Financial Performance of Listed Insurance Firms in Nigeria?

The study assessed the effect of financial risks on the financial performance of listed insurance firms in Nigeria. The population of this study consists of all listed insurance firms in Nigeria. However, ten (10) insurance firms were selected as sample. The selection of these insurance firms was done using judgmental sampling technique. Data for the study were extracted from their annual reports covering 10 years, from 2015 to 2021. Panel data method was employed for analysis using E-view 10.0. Results revealed that only liquidity risk (LDR) has negative and significant effect on financial performance, while the effect of credit risk and leverage risk is insignificant among the sampled insurance firms. It is concluded that liquidity risk tends to significantly impair the financial performance, if not properly monitored and mitigated. Following this, the study recommends that the sampled insurance firms should continually develop and implement risk management policies and strategies that will help reduce their risk profile in order to improve their financial performance.
The brittle/ductile transition along the Crop03 seismic profile: relationship with the geological features

The Crop03 project, directed by Prof. Giampaolo Pialli, successfully reached his goal, giving to Italian geologists and geophysicists the opportunity to work together obtaining good results on the definition of the tectonic structures of the Apennine orogen. The Deep Seismic Reflection Profile, Crop03, extending across the Northern Apennines, from the Tyrrhenian to the Adriatic coastline investigating depths greater than the depths reached by regular seismic reflection lines, has provided a good definition especially for the shallow geological structure within the Northern Apennines. The integration of the information obtained with this profile together with the information coming from other geophysical soundings (refraction seismics, passive seismics, gravimetry, magnetic and heat flow data) has allowed to picture in more details the two already know adjacent structural domains, the Tyrrhenian and the Adriatic, that make up the Northern Apennines. These two domains have peculiar characters both from the geological and the geophysical point of view and the transition between the two domains occurs in a belt passing through the Perugia-Lago Trasimeno area. In this region the Crop03 project and other geophysical soundings has shown a clear image of a regional east-dipping, low-angle, normal fault (Alto Tiberina fault) that crops out west of the Tiber Valley and dips towards NE, beneath the Apennine Chain, to a depth of about 12 km. This fault plays a key role in the development of regional seismicity but its geodynamic meaning in relation with compressional tectonics that has involved the Apennine Mountain Belt, is still unclear. In this paper the information coming from the data obtained with the Crop03 project were used in order to verify the correspondence between the brittle/ductile (B/D) transition and the geological and geophysical characters of the terranes crossed by the seismic profile. In order to obtain this mechanical transition, the temperature field has been obtained verifying the choice of the physical parameters assigned to the terranes through the constraints offered by the Curie's isotherm and the lithosphere-asthenosphere transition. The obtained trend of the B/D depth points out the presence of a peculiar zone in correspondence with the seismic image of the Alto Tiberina fault. Here, the peculiarity of the B/D (going abruptly from a depth of about 10-12 km, that characterizes the western sector, to a depth of about 30 km of the eastern sector) suggests that this sector of the Northern Apennines represents a transitional area between the western extensional sector and the eastern compressional sector of the orogen. This could explain the observed low surface heat flow and the not yet completed crustal thinning even in presence of an extensional active tectonics. A collection of relocated hypocenters available in this zone has been used in order to check the obtained B/D depth.
Urbanization and Development: Is Latin America and the Caribbean Different from the Rest of the World?

Two long-established stylized facts in the urban and development economics literatures are that: (a) a country's level of economic development is strongly positively correlated with its level of urbanization; and (b) a country's level of urbanization is strongly negatively correlated with the size of its agricultural sector. However, countries in the Latin America and Caribbean region appear to depart significantly from the rest of the world in these two basic relationships. Although Latin American countries appear to be significantly more urbanized than predicted based on these global relationships, Caribbean countries appear significantly less urbanized. However, analyses involving cross-country comparisons of urbanization levels are undermined by systematic measurement errors arising from differences in how countries define their urban areas. This paper reexamines whether Latin America and Caribbean countries differ from the rest of the world in the basic stylized facts of urbanization, development, and structural transformation. The analysis makes use of two alternative methodologies for the consistent definition of urban areas across countries: the Agglomeration Index methodology and a methodology based on the identification of dense spatially contiguous clusters of population. Both methodologies rely on globally gridded population data sets as input. There exist several such data sets, and so the paper also assesses the robustness of the findings to the choice of input population layer.
Existential predication and have-possessive constructions in the languages of the world

The present article deals with the relationship between have-possessive constructions and inverse-locational predication, a type of construction commonly characterized as ‘existential’, illustrated by English There is a cat in the tree (contrasting with the plain-locational clause The cat is in the tree ). Some of the languages that have a transitive ‘have’ verb use the same verb as an inverse-locational predicator. Two types of historical explanations can be considered: either the inverse-locational construction developed from the impersonalization of a pre-existing have-possessive construction, or the possessive construction initially belonged to the locational-possessive type, but has undergone changes making the coding of the possessor more similar to that of A in transitive clauses and/or the coding of the possessee more similar to that of P (have-drift).
Data Quality and Study Compliance Among College Students Data Quality and Study Compliance Among College Students Across 2 Recruitment Sources: Two Study Investigation Across 2 Recruitment Sources: Two Study Investigation

Background: Models of satisficing suggest that study participants may not fully process survey items and provide accurate responses when survey burden is higher and when participant motivation is lower. Participants who do not fully process survey instructions can reduce a study’s power and hinder generalizability. Common concerns among researchers using self-report measures are data quality and participant compliance. Similarly, attrition can hurt the power and generalizability of a study. Objective: Given that college students comprise most samples in psychological studies, especially examinations of student issues and psychological health, it is critical to understand how college student recruitment sources impact data quality (operationalized as attention check items with directive instructions and correct answers) and retention (operationalized as the completion of follow-up surveys over time). This examination aimed to examine the following: whether data quality varies across recruitment sources, whether study retention varies across recruitment sources, the impact of data quality on study variable associations, the impact of data quality on measures of internal consistency, and whether the demographic qualities of participants significantly vary across those who failed attention checks versus those who did not. Methods: This examination was a follow-up analysis of 2 previously published studies to explore data quality and study compliance. Study 1 was a cross-sectional, web-based survey examining college stressors and psychological health (282/407, 69.3% female; 230/407, 56.5% White, 113/407, 27.8% Black; mean age 22.65, SD 6.73 years
Variability, trends, and predictability of seasonal sea ice retreat and advance in the Chukchi Sea

As assessed over the period 1979–2014, the date that sea ice retreats to the shelf break (150 m contour) of the Chukchi Sea has a linear trend of −0.7 days per year. The date of seasonal ice advance back to the shelf break has a steeper trend of about +1.5 days per year, together yielding an increase in the open water period of 80 days. Based on detrended time series, we ask how interannual variability in advance and retreat dates relate to various forcing parameters including radiation fluxes, temperature and wind (from numerical reanalyses), and the oceanic heat inflow through the Bering Strait (from in situ moorings). Of all variables considered, the retreat date is most strongly correlated (r ∼ 0.8) with the April through June Bering Strait heat inflow. After testing a suite of statistical linear models using several potential predictors, the best model for predicting the date of retreat includes only the April through June Bering Strait heat inflow, which explains 68% of retreat date variance. The best model predicting the ice advance date includes the July through September inflow and the date of retreat, explaining 67% of advance date variance. We address these relationships by discussing heat balances within the Chukchi Sea, and the hypothesis of oceanic heat transport triggering ocean heat uptake and ice-albedo feedback. Developing an operational prediction scheme for seasonal retreat and advance would require timely acquisition of Bering Strait heat inflow data. Predictability will likely always be limited by the chaotic nature of atmospheric circulation patterns.
Avoiding FOBs: An Account of a Journey.

This paper is an ethnographic record of an on-going journey during which I have tried to understand the kinds of language ideologies that my students and I have constructed about the Korean language and culture. My students are mainly Korean-American university students who have never successfully achieved native fluency in their heritage language although several attended Korean Saturday schools as children. I am their Korean language teacher. A special word, “FOB” (Fresh Off the Boat), which I have discovered during this journey, proved crucial to my understanding of my students’ language ideology about the Korean language and culture. My language ideologies and those of my students appeared to be in conflict. My students were highly motivated to learn Korean, but they were opposed to Korean-English two-way immersion programs. I, however, strongly favored these programs. After a process of reflection, debate, journaling, and interviewing, I reached a new understanding reconciling the apparent ideological conflict that has separated me from my students. My findings suggest that attitudes toward the Korean language and culture are inextricably bound to their attitudes toward English proficiency and Korean immigrants.
Acta Tropica

damnosum complex cytoforms present in Mahenge, and to evaluate the current status of O. volvulus transmission by black ﬂ ies following 19 years of annual CDTI. Rivers were surveyed to identify sites of S. damnosum s.l. breeding among the eastern slopes of the mountains, and human landing collections of adult female black ﬂ ies were made close to breeding sites. Identi ﬁ cation of S. damnosum complex cytoforms was by cytotaxonomy of late-instar larvae and ITS1 amplicon size polymorphisms of larvae and adults. Adult black ﬂ ies were pool screened for O. volvulus infection using a triplex real-time PCR. The cytoforms ‘ Nkusi ’ , Simulium kilibanum and ‘ Turiani ’ were found breeding in perennial rivers. ‘ Nkusi ’ and S. kilibanum were collected on human bait at 7/7 catch sites and possessed ITS1 pro ﬁ les most closely resembling the molecular forms ‘ Nkusi J ’ and S. kilibanum ‘ T ’ . Whereas ‘ Turiani ’ was present in rivers, it was not collected on human bait and appears to be zoophilic. Simulium nyasalandicum was collected in low numbers on human bait at 3/7 catch sites. In total, 12,452 S. damnosum s.l. were pool screened and O. volvulus infection was detected in 97/ 104 pools of bodies and 51/104 pools of heads. The estimated percentage of S. damnosum s.l. carrying infective L3 stage parasites was 0.57% (95% CI 0.43% – 0.74%). Onchocerca volvulus transmission by S. damnosum s.l. is continuing in the Mahenge Mountains after 19 years of annual CDTI. Infection rates appear similar to those reported in the 1960s, but a more detailed study is required to fully understand the epidemiological signi ﬁ cance of the ongoing transmission. These results provide further evidence that annual CDTI may be insu ﬃ cient to eliminate the parasite in formerly hyperendemic foci.
Vehicle Replacement: Findings from California’s Clean Vehicle Rebate Project

Executive Summary California offers cash rebates for the purchase or lease of new electric vehicles (EVs). With an aim to enrich thinking about program impacts and market dynamics, we examine 72,552 survey responses statistically weighted to characterize 376,800 rebated consumers from September 2012 through November 2020. Vehicle replacement metrics include the extent to which rebated vehicles enter household fleets as additions versus replacements, the characteristics of the vehicles they replaced, and what purchase decisions would alternatively have been made in absence of the rebate program. The data indicate that a large majority of rebated EVs replaced older, gasoline-fueled vehicles and that most consumers would have altered their purchase decision had the rebate program not been available. These results are broadly consistent over the period analyzed, yet significant changes over time and variation between consumer groups are identified. We discuss the emissions implications of these data and their relation to future research.
Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Repository and Information Exchange

Objectives: To explore stress perception and Quality of Life (QoL) among resettled refugees located in Midwest of the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Exploratory descriptive study. Participants were invited to take an online survey through a Facebook® advertising campaign targeting resettled refugees located in South Dakota and Minnesota from May to June 2021. Online survey included the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and the World Health Organization-BREF QoL. Results: Participants who experienced having COVID-19 infection reported higher stress score (M=22.14, n=11, p=<0.001). QoL scores were the lowest for physical health, psychological health and environmental domains. Social relationships domain had the highest QoL score. Conclusions: Current information about stress perception and QoL among resettled refugees in the U.S. will improve our understanding of the aetiology of mental health disparities especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policy implications: developing a fine-tuned assessment of risks and resettled refugee’s needs can guide subsequent public health policies. Public health policy makers are encouraged to address health disparities among refugee populations and provide measures to decrease perceived stress and improve QoL especially during a global pandemic.