Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal confidence for unaware visuomotor deviations

Numerous studies have shown that humans can successfully correct deviations to ongoing movements without being aware of them, suggesting limited conscious monitoring of visuomotor performance. Here, we ask whether such limited monitoring impairs the capacity to judiciously place confidence ratings to reflect decision accuracy (metacognitive sensitivity). To this end, we recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging data while thirty-one participants reported visuomotor cursor deviations and rated their confidence retrospectively. We show that participants use a summary statistic of the unfolding visual feedback (the maximum cursor error) to detect deviations but that this information alone is insufficient to explain detection performance. The same summary statistics is used by participants to optimally adjust their confidence ratings, even for unaware deviations. At the neural level, activity in the ventral striatum tracked high confidence, whereas a broad network including the anterior prefrontal cortex encoded cursor error but not confidence, shedding new light on a role of the anterior prefrontal cortex for action monitoring rather than confidence. Together, our results challenge the notion of limited action monitoring and uncover a new mechanism by which humans optimally monitor their movements as they unfold, even when unaware of ongoing deviations.
Effective Anomaly Detection Using Deep Learning in IoT Systems

Anomaly detection in network traffic is a hot and ongoing research theme especially when concerning IoT devices, which are quickly spreading throughout various situations of people’s life and, at the same time, prone to be attacked through different weak points. In this paper, we tackle the emerging anomaly detection problem in IoT, by integrating five different datasets of abnormal IoT traffic and evaluating them with a deep learning approach capable of identifying both normal and malicious IoT traffic as well as different types of anomalies. The large integrated dataset is aimed at providing a realistic and still missing benchmark for IoT normal and abnormal traffic, with data coming from different IoT scenarios. Moreover, the deep learning approach has been enriched through a proper hyperparameter optimization phase, a feature reduction phase by using an autoencoder neural network, and a study of the robustness of the best considered deep neural networks in situations affected by Gaussian noise over some of the considered features. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the created IoT dataset for anomaly detection using deep learning techniques, also in a noisy scenario.
The Prospects of the Cultivation of Arthrospira platensis under Outdoor Conditions in Malaysia

There is no virtual report on the commercial cultivation of Arthrospira in Malaysia beyond the laboratory scale probably because of the high costs of production and the lower yield which are highly interconnected with the algal cultivation techniques. One way to alleviate the production cost is through outdoor mass cultivation under natural conditions using all available resources. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the prospects of the production of Arthrospira platensis under Malaysian tropical climate using enhanced cultivation techniques to reach a maximum yield. In this study, the growth and yield of A. platensis were investigated under three different cultivation conditions: laboratory (control), outdoor shaded (greenhouse, T1), and outdoor non-shaded (field, T2). The algal growth was measured through optical density, biomass dry weight, and chlorophyll a content. The algal yield was determined by calculating its productivity and specific growth rate. The A. platensis cultivation under outdoor non-shaded conditions achieved significantly higher growth (p < 0.05) with 1.62 ± 0.038 ABS of maximum optical density, 0.88 ± 0.020 g L-1 of maximum biomass dry weight, 8.77 ± 0.219 mg L-1 of maximum chlorophyll a content, 0.091 ± 0.0022 g L-1 d-1 of productivity and 0.220 ± 0.0017 μ d-1 of specific growth rate over a cultivation period of eight days. The present finding showed that the Malaysian climate is suitable for a satisfactory A. platensis productivity with proper cultivation techniques such as the pre-adaptation of the algal culture, inoculation in the late evening, continuous agitation and compensation of the evaporated culture medium.
SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF THE PLUM SCALE INSECT PARLATORIA OLEAE (COLVEE) (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) ON THE OLIVE TREES IN NEWLEY RECLAIMED AREAS

Field studies were conducted under different conditions of Sharkia Governorate (El-Khattara region) to study the ecological aspects of Parlatoria oleae (Colvee) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on olive trees during two successive seasons 1994 and 1995. The obtained data showed that three peaks of activity of Parlatoria oleae, in January, April and August in outer zone and in January, March, August in inner zone in the first year 1994 and in February, August, October in outer zone , and in January, March, August in inner zone in the second year 1995. The highest peak was recorded in January for all zones during the two years except outer zone, which recorded in February1995. For both years three overlapping generations were recorded in inner zone, while in outer zone two overlapping generation were showed. The powerful generation was the last generation for both zones during two years. The total percentage of parasitism in inner zone was higher than outer one in both years. Aphytis sp. , Merietta connecta and Merietta picta were the main parasitoids on P. oleae. Temperature and sunny shine has almost positive significant effect on all tested stages, while R.H % with sunny shine had a significantly negative effect.
Adult Learning and the Advantages of the Online Learning Experience

This paper discusses several benefits of the online educational experience, specifically as it pertains to the adult learner. The paper focuses on the aspects of collaboration, flexibility, and cultural opportunities. The work concludes that online education is ideal for adult learners because of the aspects of collaboration, flexibility, and diversity it provides utilizing the constructivist approach.
Integrative effect of potassium level and deficit irrigation on physiological response, yield and water use efficiency of faba bean under salt affected soil

Two field experiments were conducted in 2018/19 and 2019/20 in salty soil ( ECe 6.86 dS m), on Vicia faba grown under three irrigation regimes 100%, 80% and 60% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) combined with three potassium (K) levels (90, 120 and 150 kg ha). The objective was to investigate the effects of potassium fertilizer application on faba bean morpho-physiological response under water stress. Plant water status (relative water content RWC, membrane stability index MSI), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/F0 and PI) and SPAD index had been significantly affected by irrigation or/and potassium application. Potassium improved growth characteristics (i.e., plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, dry matter per plant and leaves area per plant) as well as nutrients contents of (N, P, K, and Ca) and decrease of Na concentration in leaves. Seed yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were significantly affected by irrigation and potassium treatments. Results indicated that potassium application of 150 kg ha and 120 kg ha significantly increased seed yield by 33.4% and 18.1%, respectively, compared to (90 kg ha) as average for two seasons. It was concluded that application of higher levels of potassium fertilizer in salt affected soil improves plant water status as well as growth and yield of faba bean under water scarcity.
Techno‐Economic Assessment of Renewable Energy‐based Microgrids in the Amazon Remote Communities in Ecuador

Several remote communities have limited electricity access and are mainly dependent on environmentally damaging fossil fuels. The installation of microgrid networks and green energy initiatives are currently addressing this issue. Thus, this paper proposes the techno-economic assessment of a microgrid that comprises Photovoltaic (PV) arrays, a micro hydro turbine, and diesel generation. Two scenarios are evaluated considering the inclusion or not of diesel generation. This model is performed in HOMER. The results demonstrate that the best option in economics is to invest in a PV/Hydro/Diesel microgrid, resulting in an Net Present Cost ( NPC ) of 2.33M $ , and a Cost of Energy ( COE ) of 0.194 $ /kWh. Furthermore, to address diesel price uncertainties, a sensitivity analysis was carried out based on three diﬀerent projected diesel prices.
Determination of oxidative, genotoxic, and histopathologic effects of metal pollution on the fish fauna inhabiting Karasu River, Turkey

: The water quality of rivers located in areas close to major cities is deteriorating significantly due to increased pollution. The Karasu River, which passes through Erzurum city Turkey, is getting polluted day by day due to domestic and industrial wastewater. In the study, various assessments were made in three different fish species to determine the impact of possible contamination here. Capoeta capoeta , Alburnus mossulensis and Squalius cephalus were caught from four stations of the river. Micronucleus test was applied to find out genotoxic alterations, and plasma total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured to determine oxidative effects. Histological changes in fish brain were also assessed by histopathological alterations index (HAI). The highest serum TOS levels and the lowest TAS levels were detected in fish species inhabiting polluted stations. A high erythrocytic nuclear abnormality frequency and HAI values were observed in all species from the Aşkale stations. The abnormalities observed in the peripheral blood cells were micronucleus, binucleus, kidney-shaped nucleus, notched nucleus, lobed nucleus and bud nucleus. Histological damages like dilatation, congestion, vacuolization in Purkinje layer, infiltration, hyperemia, degenerations, and axonopathy were noticed in all fish brains. It was determined that histopathological changes were more common in fish species inhabiting the polluted stations. S. cephalus showed to be more sensitive to the pollution. The most important result obtained from this study is that the pollution in the river adversely affects the fish species found in the natural fauna of the river. Histopathological abnormalities, genotoxicity and increased oxidative stress detected in fish are the most important indicators of this situation.
Two different designs of the 4-implants used for assisting mandibular complete overdentures: Clinical evaluation

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare between two different designs used for assisting mandibular complete overdentures. One design was with four axially placed implants and the other was "all-on-four design" concerning peri-implant soft tissue health and implant stability. Methods: Ten completely edentulous male patients were eligible for the present study. All patients received mandibular complete overdentures supported by 4 implants opposed by single maxillary dentures. The patients were randomly classified into 2 groups. Two axially placed implants were inserted at canine areas for both groups. Two implants were placed posteriorly, for group A two axially parallel implants in 2 premolar regions while for Group B the patients received two distally inclined implants of 30 in the 1 premolar regions. All implants were attached to the mandibular overdentures through ball and socket attachments. Peri-implant soft tissue health and implant stability evaluation were carried out immediately, 3 months and 6 months after insertion of definitive overdenture. Results: There was no significant difference between both groups when comparing peri-implant gingival, plaque, bleeding indices, probing depth and implant stability. Nonetheless, there was an improvement of all scores values and measures of all tested aspects through all time intervals in each group. Better values were noticed for anterior implants compared to posterior ones for both groups through all time intervals. Conclusions: The results of the study boost that both designs; four axially inserted implants and All-on-four design could be successful treatment options for assisting mandibular complete overdentures. Yet both designs revealed comparable results with respect to the standard levels of peri-implant soft tissue health and implant stability, All-on-four design could be a promising alternative when being indicated. Recommendations: More long term studies of variant evaluation methods are thus required to validate the results of this study.
Critical lengths and Fisheries management of Rhabdosargus haffara (Forsskål, 1775) from Hurghada fishing area, Red Sea, Egypt

Seabreams (family Sparidae) are ubiquitous fish found in tropical and temperate environments. This family currently has 159 species belonging to 38 genera (Froese and Pauly, 2020). The fishes in this family ranged in size from tiny to larger, and diversified in overall appearance, ranging in shape from elongate to deep-bodied. They had a wide range of colors, ranging from silver to black, yellow with golden reflections, pink to red (Al Mamry et al., 2009). Rhabdosargus haffara, R. sarba, Diplodus noct, and Acanthopagrus bifasciatus are the major component of family Sparidae catch in the Egyptian Red Sea (El-Mahdy et al., 2019). the sparids species in the Egyptian Red Sea are subject to a high commercial exploitation and constitute one of the main target species for both the small-scale fishery and trawling in the area. Rhabdosargus haffara is a member of family Sparidae which inhabits shallow waters, mainly around coral reefs, and over sandy or mud-sandy bottoms and feeds on benthic invertebrates (Sommer et al., 1996). ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Inter-comparison of O 3 formation and radical chemistry in the past decade at a suburban site in 1 Hong Kong 2

10 Hong Kong, as one of the densely populated metropolises in East Asia, has been suffering 11 from severe photochemical smog in the past decades, though the observed nitrogen oxides 12 (NOx) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) were significantly reduced. This study, 13 based on the observation data in the autumns of 2007, 2013 and 2016, investigated the 14 photochemical ozone (O3) formation and radical chemistry during the three sampling periods 15 in Hong Kong with the aid of a Photochemical Box Model incorporating the Master 16 Chemical Mechanism (PBM-MCM). Neither the observed O3 nor the simulated locally 17 produced O3 changed significantly (p=0.11 and 0.99, respectively) from 2007 to 2013; 18 however, both of which decreased (p<0.05) from the VOC sampling days in 2013 to those in 19 2016 at a rate of -5.04±0.05 and -4.35±0.10 ppbv yr -1 , respectively. The regionally 20 transported O3 showed an increase (rate = 1.62±0.39 ppbv yr -1 , p<0.05) during 2007-2013, 21 but slight decrease (p=0.09) from 2013 to 2016. The mitigation of autumn O3 pollution in this 22 region was further confirmed by the continuous monitoring data, which has never been 23 reported in previous studies. Benefited from the air pollution control measures taken in Hong 24 Kong, the local O3 production rate decreased remarkably (p<0.05) from 2007 to 2016, along 25 Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. , https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-1148 Manuscript under review for journal Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussion started: 11 December 2018 c © Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License.
Affective solidarity: how guilt enables cross-generational support for political radicalization in Hong Kong

Abstract The extant social movement literature tends to regard the youth as radical actors and senior citizens as conservative actors. However, the Anti-Extradition Bill Movement in Hong Kong exhibited strong solidarity among protesters across generations, despite the radicalization of protest actions over an extended period. These phenomena contradict Hong Kong's traditional political culture, which favors peaceful and orderly protests and the worldwide trend where radicalization often leads to internal division in movements. By analyzing the data collected from onsite protest surveys in December 2019 and January 2020 (N = 1,784), this paper presents the mediating role of guilt in shifting senior citizens from opposing radical actions to supporting them and feeling solidarity with militant protesters. We find that the relationship between age and feelings of guilt is stronger among respondents who experience state repression. The findings shed light on the affective and relational dimensions of protest participation, showing how the traumatic conditions under which different social actors are welded together by shared emotional upheavals facilitate ingroup identification and affective solidarity.
TransferGWAS: GWAS of images using deep transfer learning

Motivation Medical images can provide rich information about diseases and their biology. However, investigating their association with genetic variation requires non-standard methods. We propose transferGWAS, a novel approach to perform genome-wide association studies directly on full medical images. First, we learn semantically meaningful representations of the images based on a transfer learning task, during which a deep neural network is trained on independent but similar data. Then, we perform genetic association tests with these representations. Results We validate the type I error rates and power of transferGWAS in simulation studies of synthetic images. Then we apply transferGWAS in a genome-wide association study of retinal fundus images from the UK Biobank. This first-of-a-kind GWAS of full imaging data yielded 60 genomic regions associated with retinal fundus images, of which 7 are novel candidate loci for eye-related traits and diseases. Contact matthias.kirchler@hpi.de, christoph.lippert@hpi.de Supplementary information Our method is implemented in Python and available at https://github.com/mkirchler/transferGWAS/
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Levels as Markers for Nursing Home Placement and Survival Time in Alzheimer's Disease.

BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are associated with conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their predictive value for later end-points has been less evaluated with inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE We investigated potential relationships between CSF amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42), phosphorylat- ed tau (P-tau), and total tau (T-tau) with time to nursing home placement (NHP) and life expectan- cy after diagnosis. METHODS This prospective observational study included 129 outpatients clinically diagnosed with mild-to-moderate AD who underwent a lumbar puncture. The CSF biomarkers were analysed with xMAP technology. Dates of institutionalisation and death were recorded. RESULTS After 20 years of follow-up, 123 patients (95%) were deceased. The participants with ab- normal P-tau and T-tau (A+ T+ (N)+) died earlier than those with normal P-tau/abnormal T-tau (A+ T- (N)+) (mean, 80.5 vs. 85.4 years). Linear associations were demonstrated between lower Aβ42 and shorter time to NHP (p = 0.017), and higher P-tau and younger age at death (p = 0.016). No correlations were detected between survival after AD diagnosis and CSF biomarkers. In sex- and-age-adjusted Cox regression models, higher P-tau and T-tau were independent predictors of shorter lifespan after diagnosis. In multivariate Cox models, older age and lower baseline cognitive status, but not elevated tau, significantly precipitated both institutionalisation and death. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that CSF biomarker levels plateau in the dementia phase of AD, which may limit their possible relationships with clinical end-points, such as NHP and survi- val time. However, the biomarkers reflect the central pathophysiologies of AD. In particular, patho- logic tau is associated with more advanced disease, younger age at onset, and earlier death.
Cost-Effectiveness of Outreach Strategies for Stool-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening in a Medicaid Population

Outreach, including patient navigation, has been shown to increase the uptake of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in underserved populations. This analysis evaluates the cost-effectiveness of triennial multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) versus outreach, with or without a mailed annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT), in a Medicaid population. A microsimulation model estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio using quality-adjusted life years (QALY), direct costs, and clinical outcomes in a cohort of Medicaid beneficiaries aged 50–64 years, over a lifetime time horizon. The base case model explored scenarios of either 100% adherence or real-world reported adherence (51.3% for mt-sDNA, 21.1% for outreach with FIT and 12.3% for outreach without FIT) with or without real-world adherence for follow-up colonoscopy (66.7% for all). Costs and outcomes were discounted at 3.0%. At 100% adherence to both screening tests and follow-up colonoscopy, mt-sDNA costed more and was less effective compared with outreach with or without FIT. When real-world adherence rates were considered for screening strategies (with 100% adherence for follow-up colonoscopy), mt-sDNA resulted in the greatest reduction in incidence and mortality from CRC (41.5% and 45.8%, respectively) compared with outreach with or without FIT; mt-sDNA also was cost-effective versus outreach with and without FIT ($32,150/QALY and $22,707/QALY, respectively). mt-sDNA remained cost-effective versus FIT, with or without outreach, under real-world adherence rates for follow-up colonoscopy. Outreach or navigation interventions, with associated real-world adherence rates to screening tests, should be considered when evaluating the cost-effectiveness of CRC screening strategies in underserved populations.
Does State Allocation of University Funding Moderate Effectively Maintained Inequality?

According to the theory of Effectively Maintained Inequality (EMI), economically advantaged individuals not only enter each level of education at higher rates than do their less advantaged peers, but also enjoy qualitative advantages at each level that position them more favorably to continue to the next level. Governments may play a role in facilitating or limiting EMI because they allocate appropriations to public universities; the more between-university variability in these funds, the more horizontal differences high-income students may exploit. I ask whether Wisconsin’s unequal pattern of appropriations across its institutions of higher education exacerbates income-based disparities in college persistence. I test two hypotheses: (1) Economically advantaged students sort into the universities with greatest appropriations; (2) Appropriations promote first-to-second-year persistence. Evidence in favor of both hypotheses would support the claim that an unequal pattern of appropriations exacerbates college persistence disparities and, accordingly, suggest that unequal allocation facilitates EMI. Results support hypothesis (1) but not hypothesis (2). The results do not present evidence that the Wisconsin state government facilitated or limited EMI based on its allocation of funds across universities.
Factors that Influence the Adoption of Mobile Government (M-gov): A Proposal of A Unified Model

ABSTRACT Many m-gov adoption models have been proposed, which can confound researchers and policymakers. In this article, we reviewed 17 studies on m-gov adoption, identifying 25 different factors. We conducted two focus groups to discuss the adequacy of these factors, generating the first version of a unified model. We tested this model using data from 806 survey respondents from Brazil. The proposed unified model is parsimonious and outperforms other theoretical models.