Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of protein kinases in DNA replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The initiation of DNA replication at the onset of S phase in eukaryotic cells is a critically important and tightly regulated process. Multiple origins of replication in the genome must be co-ordinately regulated such that duplication of the chromosomes is complete before cell division, whilst also ensuring that no sections of the DNA are over-replicated. In G1 phase of the cell cycle, a large ‘pre-replicative complex’ (pre-RC) forms at origins consisting of a hexameric Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) as well as Cdc6, Cdt1 and another hexameric complex known as the Minichromosome Maintenance (MCM) complex. At the onset of S phase, two cell cycle regulated protein kinases, the Cyclin Dependent Kinase (CDK) and Cdc7, are activated. Phosphorylation of various proteins by these two enzymes triggers formation of large ‘replisome’ complexes, initiation of DNA replication from each origin, and disassembly of the pre-RCs. Pre-RC re-assembly is subsequently inhibited until kinase activity falls again after cell division. In this study, we have set about identifying substrates of both CDK and Cdc7 involved in DNA replication in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two techniques are employed, the in vitro phosphorylation of arrays of peptides and phosphorylation of pre-RCs assembled in cell-free yeast extracts. Peptide arrays provide a high throughput technique for screening large numbers of potential substrates in a single experiment, whilst pre-RC phosphorylation allows consideration of both tertiary and quaternary structures of the in vivo kinase substrate. Several potential novel substrates of both CDK and Cdc7 are revealed. Pre-RC phosphorylation also reveals a previously unreported phosphorylation of Orc1 by a third kinase which has been identified as Casein Kinase II (CKII).
GENETIC RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH GALLBLADDER CARCINOMA

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive biliary tract cancer with wide geographic diversity. Various genetic modifications of GBC, including mutations in p53, KRAS, p16 and retinoblastoma (RB) gene. Mutations in p53 lead to carcinoma, while point mutations in KRAS leads to hyperplasia. KRAS mutations are often found in both pancreatico-biliary ducts junction and in neoplastic loci in gallbladder polyps. The survival rate for overall 5-year of GBC patient is less than 1%. GBC is crucial for diagnostic and prognostic markers and potential drug targets. Ovid-MEDLINE, PubMed, CINHAL and Google Scholar databases were searched using keywords gallbladder carcinoma, neoplasia, tumour, tumor, adenocarcinoma, biliary tract carcinoma, gene mutations, KRAS, p53, RB, and p16. Ten out of 470 research articles were finally included. It was observed that loss of heterogeneity and mutations of KRAS, p53, p16 and RB involve in the disruption of cell cycle leading to continuous cell division and cancer.
On the use of velocity data for load estimation of a VAWT in dynamic stall

This paper focuses on evaluating the feasibility of estimating loads on vertical axis wind turbine blades in dynamic stall with velocity data acquired with Particle Image Velocimetry. The study uses numerical simulation data of a 2D Vertical Axis Wind Turbine in dynamic stall to verify sources of error and uncertainty and estimate the accuracy of the method. The integration of the forces from the velocity field overcomes the difficulties and limitations presented by pressure sensors for estimating the local section loads, but adds the difficulty in determining the correct velocity field and its time and spatial derivatives. The analysis also evaluates the use of phase-locked average data as an estimator of average loads. © 2011 American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
LOFAR tied-array imaging and spectroscopy of solar S bursts

Context. The Sun is an active source of radio emission that is often associated with energetic phenomena ranging from nanoflares to coronal mass ejections (CMEs). At low radio frequencies (<100 MHz), numerous millisecond duration radio bursts have been reported, such as radio spikes or solar S bursts (where S stands for short). To date, these have neither been studied extensively nor imaged because of the instrumental limitations of previous radio telescopes. Aims. Here, Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) observations were used to study the spectral and spatial characteristics of a multitude of S bursts, as well as their origin and possible emission mechanisms. Methods. We used 170 simultaneous tied-array beams for spectroscopy and imaging of S bursts. Since S bursts have short timescales and fine frequency structures, high cadence (~50 ms) tied-array images were used instead of standard interferometric imaging, that is currently limited to one image per second. Results. On 9 July 2013, over 3000 S bursts were observed over a time period of ~8 hours. S bursts were found to appear as groups of short-lived (<1 s) and narrow-bandwidth (~2.5 MHz) features, the majority drifting at ~3.5 MHz/s and a wide range of circular polarisation degrees (2-8 times more polarised than the accompanying Type III bursts). Extrapolation of the photospheric magnetic field using the potential field source surface (PFSS) model suggests that S bursts are associated with a trans-equatorial loop system that connects an active region in the southern hemisphere to a bipolar region of plage in the northern hemisphere. Conclusions. We have identified polarised, short-lived solar radio bursts that have never been imaged before. They are observed at a height and frequency range where plasma emission is the dominant emission mechanism, however they possess some of the characteristics of electron-cyclotron maser emission.
Plasticity of Soybean Stomatal Responses
to Arsenic and Cadmium at the Whole
Plant Level

Heavy metals perturbate water balance in plants and hence impact stomatal aperture. After longer exposure, stomatal development also is affected, and stomatal density and size can change. Two soybean (Glycine max) varieties were experimentally selected for contrasting tolerance to arsenic and cadmium. For these cultivars, natural variability in leaf epidermal cell parameters was detected. Pot plants at first assimilating leaf stage were exposed for 10 days to 5 mg kg-1 soil As3+ and 50 mg kg-1 soil Cd2+ (respectively). Metals accumulated primarily in roots and exerted relatively low impact on biomass. Despite this, we observed diverse adjustments of stomata and pavement cells. In cv. Bólyi 44 the stomatal size decreased upon stress treatment, possibly to avoid further water loss. In contrast, the other cultivar Cordoba uses larger stomata that might be advantageous in gaining further resources. The observed responses varied depending on leaf type. In addition, dorsoventral stomatal responses in width, yet undescribed under metal stress, were observed. Our data show that leaf epidermal cell adjustments are flexible components of plant defense even at low metal doses, and possibly help to compromise the structural and functional needs of plant (tissue) under metal stress.
The Impact of Green Entrepreneurial Orientation on Firm Performance through Green Innovation: The Moderating Role of Strategic Green Marketing Orientation

Environmental protection has become a matter of market rivalry and competitive advantage. Therefore, the ideas of green entrepreneurial orientation, green innovation and green marketing etc., highly concern from last few decades in business research. Although the direct relationships between green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO), green innovation (GI) and firm performance (FP) have been investigated by different researchers but indirect relationship through GI are scant in literature. This study fills out the gap by investigating the impact of GEO on FP through GI and moderating role of strategic green marketing orientation (SGMO) in SMEs of Pakistan.
The Nexus between the World Trade Organization and Codex Alimentarius

This paper investigates the nexus between institutional design and the structure, composition and evolution of regulatory networks. More specifically, the analysis focuses on the international legalization of Codex Alimentarius through the World Trade Organization in 1995 and the resulting politicization of standard-setting processes and global food governance in the subsequent years. This version of the paper provides a preliminary descriptive analysis of a newly created dataset on the participation of 196 states, 327 non-governmental and 56 intergovernmental organizations in the standard-setting processes at Codex Alimentarius. The dataset presents a longitudinal, valued affiliation network which captures the participation of state and non-state actors in over 850 meetings of 43 technical committees between 1963 and 2015. The preliminary descriptive analysis finds suggestive evidence for an increased politicization of Codex Alimentarius as indicated by the considerable increase in the number of participating state and non-state actors as well as the sizeable increase in the number of delegates these actors send to the standard-setting Codex committees post-1995. Preliminary insights from social network analysis suggest that the United States remain the most central actor in Codex Alimentarius. The analysis also finds that there is a number of non-state actors that participate in more Codex Alimentarius committees and/or send more delegates to certain committees than most of the state actors do. These findings are relevant for at least two reasons. First, they contribute to a literature that points out the politicization of Codex Alimentarius but is based on a selection of case studies and interviews. Second, international standards play an important role in food trade and are directly linked to human health it is therefore important to understand who actually develops these standards and in whose interest these standards are designed. The WTO dispute settlement case EC Hormones between the United States and the European Communities further underpins the importance of Codex standards and the potential controversies related to them.
The Effect of Designed Educational Program on Midwives Knowledge and Practice Regarding Post Natal Sepsis Management in Governmental Hospitals (Jan 2020), River Nile State, Sudan

Background: Postnatal sepsis is one of the problems that threaten the lives of mothers, although it can be avoided by taking the necessary precautions. The nurse and midwife represent the cornerstone in preventing and treating infections during the postpartum period. Study Design: This semi-experimental study Sudan, River Nile state to evaluate the effectiveness of designed guidelines for midwives regarding postnatal sepsis management, during the period March 2017 to January 2020. Sample Size: The study included 73 midwives. Data Collection Tools: Data were collected in two stages using a standard questionnaire and a list of observations before and after the training program. Data Analysis: The data were analyzed by a computer software program (SPPS) version 23. The result showed that the level of knowledge is improved significantly after guidelines interventions, where Nursing assessment and management 20.8% had bad practice while this is improved 82.6% very good practice. only12.5% of respondents scored very good Skills full of maintaining vulval hygiene and Maternal hygiene, which change to 100% very good score after interventions. concerning counseling regarding prevention and management 29.2% considered as bad practice changed to 91.3% Very Good Practice after interventions of guidelines. Conclusion: The study concluded that the majority of nurses midwives had high knowledge score in the post-test compared with pre-test and they demonstrated good practice which indicated that the postpartum infection management training guidelines program was effective.
Immunocytochemical localization of fusarium toxins in infected wheat spikes by Fusarium culmorum

Abstract Two antisera raised against deoxynivalenol (DON) and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) were used to investigate the subcellular localization of the fusarium toxins, DON, 3-ADON and 15-ADON, in Fusarium culmorum infected wheat spikes and kernels by means of the immunogold labelling technique. The hyphae of the pathogen produced the toxins when they grew on the surface of the lemma and the ovary as early as 36 h after inoculation, after this incubation time the toxins were also found in the parenchyma cells. When the hyphae grew in the host tissues, more toxins were detected in the host cells, especially in the cells in close contact with the hyphae. Toxin accumulation showed a very close relationship with pathogenic changes in host cells, symptom appearance and colonization of host tissues by hyphae, suggesting that the toxins might play an important role in the disease development. The toxin labelling patterns in hyphal cells and in the infected host tissues for DON antiserum were very similar to that for 3-ADON antiserum, but the labelling density for DON was obviously higher than that for 3-ADON. In hyphal cells, the toxins were localized in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, vacuoles and the cell wall. The young hyphal cells usually showed more gold labelling in the mitochondria and the dense cytoplasm. In the host plant cells, the toxins were detected in the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, plasmalemma, cell wall and vacuoles, and sometimes gold particles were found associated with endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes in the host cytoplasm. Four–6 days after inoculation of spikelets, hyphae reached the rachis and spread inside and outside of vascular bundles of the rachis. The toxins were present in the xylem vessels, phloem sieve tubes, paratracheal parenchyma cells and the parenchyma cells outside the vascular bundles. By 10 days after inoculation no hyphae were found in the rachis, glume, lemma or young kernels which were located three spikelets above the inoculated spikelets. However, immunolabelling of these tissues showed that toxins were present, especially in xylem vessels and phloem sieve tubes. Ten days after inoculation toxins were also detected in phloem sieve tubes of the rachis three spikelets below the inoculated spikelets. These results suggest that the toxins can be translocated upwards through the xylem vessels and phloem sieve tubes, and downwards through the phloem sieve tubes. In the infected wheat kernels, the toxins were shown not only in the hyphae, but also in the pericarp tissues, pigment strand, aleurone cells and starchy endosperm in different concentrations.
Major Themes in Economics Major Themes in Economics Can the ‘Fat Tax’ Carry its Weight? Can the ‘Fat Tax’ Carry its Weight?

A BSTRACT . Obesity is a rising problem in America and is blamed for externalities such as increasing health care costs. Some have proposed taxes on “unhealthy” foods so as to internalize the externalities and to generate revenue to subsidize “healthy” foods. I examine several such proposals and conclude that taxes based on perceived externalities from the obese are not the best options. Other solutions such as increasing awareness and nutritional programs would be better.
Production and quality of 'Pérola' pineapple under fertigation

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the yield and quality of 'Perola' pineapple under increasing rates of nitrogen and potassium applied through fertigation. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with four replications, in a factorial scheme (4x4), which represents four nitrogen rates (128, 256, 384 and 512 kg ha-1 of N) and four potassium rates (192, 384, 576 and 768 kg ha-1of K2O) via fertigation. The evaluations consisted of physical and chemical fruit characteristics and yield. Increasing nitrogen rates provided linear growth on fruit production features and the rate of 516 kg ha-1 resulted in fruits with the largest diameters. The highest total yield on 'Perola' pineapple crop was reached on plants under the supply of 498 kg ha-1 of K2O. Rates between 523 and 583 kg ha-1 of K2O, provided the largest fruit matter and the highest fruit pulp yield. The increasing amount of nitrogen applied by fertigation resulted in linear growth on fruit pulp pH, though it did not influence the soluble solids content. The lower acid content and higher SS/acid ratio on fruits were reached with the N rates of 333 and 375 kg ha-1 respectively. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the yield and quality of 'Perola' pineapple under increasing rates of nitrogen and potassium applied through fertigation. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with four replications, in a factorial scheme (4x4), which represents four nitrogen rates (128, 256, 384 and 512 kg ha-1 of N) and four potassium rates (192, 384, 576 and 768 kg ha-1of K2O) via fertigation. The evaluations consisted of physical and chemical fruit characteristics and yield. Increasing nitrogen rates provided linear growth on fruit production features and the rate of 516 kg ha-1 resulted in fruits with the largest diameters. The highest total yield on 'Perola' pineapple crop was reached on plants under the supply of 498 kg ha-1 of K2O. Rates between 523 and 583 kg ha-1 of K2O, provided the largest fruit matter and the highest fruit pulp yield. The increasing amount of nitrogen applied by fertigation resulted in linear growth on fruit pulp pH, though it did not influence the soluble solids content. The lower acid content and higher SS/acid ratio on fruits were reached with the N rates of 333 and 375 kg ha-1 respectively.
Development of SMASH Skills Training Model on Volleyball Based on Interactive Multimedia

— SMASH's skill is a technique that can be done by a person in a hard swooping towards your opponent to produce numbers. Interactive multimedia technology is expected to be a guideline for athletes in looking at more variation models of SMASH. The aim of development research is to produce an interactive multimedia volleyball playing skill training model. The method used in this research is development research design by Borg and Gall. The approach used in this study is a qualitative and quantitative approach. This study is hoped to improve volleyball skills by looking at the interactive multimedia volleyball playing practice model. This study concludes that interactive multimedia-based volleyball skill playing model can be used in the actual application of exercises.
Determinants of Students’ Actual use of the Learning Management System (LMS): An Empirical Analysis of a Research Model

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received: 02 January, 2020 Accepted: 27 March, 2020 Online: 14 April, 2020 This study built and tested a research model to determine the determinants that impact students’ actual use of the learning management system. A survey questionnaire was used to gather data from 148 university students who used LMS in their course of study. The structural equation model was used to analyze quantitative data. The study revealed that (1) performance expectancy, effort expectancy and institutional support positively impacted students’ actual use of LMS, (2) social influence and infrastructure support did not positively impact students’ actual use, (3) gender had a significantly moderated effect on the correlation between institutional support and actual usage of technology. This study added to existing studies on the use of UTAUT in explaining students’ actual use of technology in developing nations. Implications for practice, drawbacks and future directions are discussed.
Commercialization Process of Disruptive Innovations in Corporate Ventures and Spinoff Companies: A Comparison

Article history: Received: 11 January, 2020 Accepted: 22 March, 2020 Online: 14 April, 2020 One of the most critical challenges that large companies, small enterprises and research institutes face, when commercializing their innovations, is the transfer process at the moment of scaling up. These organizations often transfer their innovation to either existing business units or create a new business entirely. The process of transferring innovations to an existing unit is known as corporate venture, while creating a new business is called spinoff. Both processes have been studied separately, but not yet together and from different business sectors and countries. In order to understand both processes, this article compares the commercialization of disruptive innovations from these sectors: electronics, information technology, telecommunications, engineering, healthcare, biotechnology or research equipment. The article used multiple case study methodology from commercialization projects carried out in large, small and medium-sized companies and research institutes based in Spain, Germany, UK and Finland. The findings showed that certain activities needed to be done at pre-transition /commercialization, transition/commercialization, and post-transition/commercialization phases to reach a successful transition. Furthermore, the study provides similarities between the corporate venture and spinoff approaches that include team formation, network development and getting the commitment from the company and stakeholders. Additionally, the article outlines divergences between the approaches which consist of innovation readiness, knowledge management or the activities of the post-transition phase. The article also provides insight for innovation scholars, commercialization practitioners, and business enterprises. Therefore, the article contributes to the commercialization of disruptive innovations.
Vitamin-D and Cardiac Dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease: Beginning to Close the Evident Gaps

PD, one of the most frequent age-related neurodegenerative disorders, affects millions of people globally, there is no cure, and its prevalence will double by 2030 [2]. In addition to these perspectives, a complicating issue not frequently discussed in the neuroscientific community is the mortality in PD [3]. Unfortunately, PD can be considered a malignant disease because it is associated with higher mortality rates compared to the general population [3, 4]. Clearly, the main causes of death in PD are pneumonia, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases [5]. Additionally, sudden unexpected death in PD (SUDPAR) is increasingly discussed as a contribution to mortality in DP [3, 6].
A Review Paper on Design Approach for Removal of Jitter On Basis of White Space Generation In Wireless Network

– The decision of the FCC to open up television frequencies called the white space for unlicensed broadcasting opened new possibility and dimension to the world of wireless communication and transmission. The propagation characteristics at TVWS band are far better than the 2.4 and/or 5 GHz unlicensed bands and transceiver implementation is also relatively less expensive. All these advantages appear to make this available spectrum extremely attractive for wireless applications. The TV White Space Spectrum is considered prime real estate because its signals travel well, making it ideally suited for mobile wireless devices. However there are certain drawbacks like interference issues, crowding out of the availability of white space spectrum and power limitations provided by the FCC. This paper will make use of the white spaces to remove the jitter occurred during communication. Through analysis and simulation, we demonstrate that the proposed technique is more efficient and effective for removing the jitter.