Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Objective Optimal Design of a Toroidally Wound Radial-Flux Halbach Permanent Magnet Array Limited Angle Torque Motor

This paper presents the modeling, optimization, and validation of a toroidally wound radial-flux Halbach array permanent magnet limited angle torque motor. A fully parameterized and flexible equivalent magnetic circuit model of the proposed motor, which is arranged in a matrix form by means of Kirchhoff's current laws for computational efficiency and ease of extension, is introduced for preliminary design. To optimize the design, a multiobjective optimization process is carried out and the multiobjective particle swarm optimization method is used to obtain the Pareto front of the desired objectives. An approved solution in Pareto front is selected and validated by finite element analysis method. A prototype based on the final design is built and tested. The experiment results further underpin the effectiveness of the proposed design and optimization approach.
Molecular Characterization Of Hepatitis B Virus In Rural And Semi-Urban Areas In The Central Region Of Ghana

ii DEDICATION . iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi LIST OF FIGURES/MAPS . x LIST OF TABLES . xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xiii CHAPTER ONE . 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Problem statement . 5 1.3 Hypothesis . 6 1.4 Aim . 6 1.5 Specific objectives. 6 CHAPTER TWO . 7 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 2.1 The liver . 7 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug. edu.gh
Part-of-speech tagging with minimal lexicalization

We use a Dynamic Bayesian Network (dbn) to represent compactly a variety of sublexical and contextual features relevant to Part-ofSpeech (PoS) tagging. The outcome is a flexible tagger (LegoTag) with state-of-the-art performance (3.6% error on a benchmark corpus). We explore the effect of eliminating redundancy and radically reducing the size of feature vocabularies. We find that a small but linguistically motivated set of suffixes results in improved cross-corpora generalization. We also show that a minimal lexicon limited to function words is sufficient to ensure reasonable performance. 1 Part-of-Speech Tagging Many NLP applications are faced with the dilemma whether to use statistically extracted or expert-selected features. There are good arguments in support of either view. Statistical feature selection does not require extensive use of human domain knowledge, while feature sets chosen by experts are more economical and generalize better to novel data. Most currently available PoS taggers perform with a high degree of accuracy. However, it appears that the success in performance can be overwhelmingly attributed to an across-the-board lexicalization of the task. Indeed, Charniak, Hendrickson, Jacobson & Perkowitz (1993) note that a simple strategy of picking the most likely tag for each word in a text leads to 90% accuracy. If so, it is not surprising that taggers using vocabulary lists, with number of entries ranging from 20k to 45k, perform well. Even though a unigram model achieves an overall accuracy of 90%, it relies heavily on lexical information and is next to useless on nonstandard texts that contain lots of domain-specific terminology. The lexicalization of the PoS tagging task comes at a price. Since word lists are assembled from the training corpus, they hamper generalization across corpora. In our experience, taggers trained on the Wall Street Journal (wsj) perform poorly on novel text such as email or newsgroup messages (a.k.a. Netlingo). At the same time, alternative training data are scarce
Diagnostics of Inherited Bleeding Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis: An Easy Guide for Routine Clinical Laboratories

Abstract The investigation of inherited bleeding disorders of secondary hemostasis remains a challenge for most clinical laboratories, especially those that lack experience or specialized personnel. Bleeding can be essentially caused by a variety of acquired or congenital conditions, which impair either primary or secondary hemostasis. Since a universally agreed approach for the diagnostics of hemorrhagic disorders is still unavailable, this article aims to provide an easy guidance for routine clinical laboratories. This pragmatic approach to identifying and diagnosing inherited bleeding disorders of secondary hemostasis entails a multifaceted strategy, based on a collection of personal and family history, the results of first-line tests, which can then be followed by second- or third-line analyses to definitely establish the specific nature and the severity of the bleeding phenotype. Briefly, the presence of profound hemorrhages rather than mucocutaneous bleeding is suggestive of a disorder of secondary hemostasis. Although a positive family history is frequently reported in patients with congenital conditions, the lack of clinically meaningful symptoms in patient's relatives is not absolutely indicative of an acquired disorder. The next step encompasses the assessment of first-line coagulation tests (i.e., prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen) if family history is not suggestive of a specific factor deficiency. The emergence of abnormal data of these assays and the variable combination of their results is then helpful to guide the performance of second-line tests, in particular specific factor assays, which will then provide a reasonable basis for a preliminary diagnosis. Third-line tests (namely, immunological assays of clotting factors and molecular biology) are then supportive for a final diagnosis and for identifying the nature of the factor deficiency (i.e., quantitative or functional).
Biogeosciences Simulation of anthropogenic CO 2 uptake in the CCSM 3 . 1 ocean circulation-biogeochemical model : comparison with data-based estimates

The global ocean has taken up a large fraction of the CO2 released by human activities since the industrial revolution. Quantifying the oceanic anthropogenic carbon (Cant) inventory and its variability is important for predicting the future global carbon cycle. The detailed comparison of data-based and model-based estimates is essential for the validation and continued improvement of our prediction capabilities. So far, three global estimates of oceanic C ant inventory that are “data-based” and independent of global ocean circulation models have been produced: one based on the1C* method, and two that are based on constraining surface-to-interior transport of tracers, the TTD method and a maximum entropy inversion method (GF). The GF method, in particular, is capable of reconstructing the history of C ant inventory through the industrial era. In the present study we use forward model simulations of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM3.1) to estimate the C ant inventory and compare the results with the data-based estimates. We also use the simulations to test several assumptions of the GF method, including the assumption of constant climate and circulation, which is common to all the data-based estimates. Though the integrated estimates of global C ant inventories are consistent with each other, the regional estimates show discrepancies up to 50 %. The CCSM3 model underestimates the total Cant inventory, in part due to weak mixing and ventilation in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Analyses of different simulation results suggest that key assumptions about ocean circulation and air-sea disequilibrium in the GF method are generally valid on the global scale, but may introduce errors in Cant estimates on regional scales. The GF method should also be used with caution when predicting future oceanic anthropogenic carbon uptake.
Operationalizing the WEF nexus: quantifying the trade-offs and synergies between the water, energy and food sectors

The purpose of this research is to develop an analytical and modelling approach that allows for the quantification of trade-offs between the water, energy and food nexus at different scales; allowing to go from national analysis of nexus stress by identifying and quantifying key intersectoral claims and trade-offs, up to a more detailed and even local specific analysis of the trade-offs. These trade-offs and the system understanding created by following the proposed steps for the analysis of nexus stress, inform them the design of Climate Smart Solutions and Strategies that make use of the most powerful leverage points and introduce or exploit existing synergies between the water-energy-food sectors. The national and local scales analyses following the proposed methodology have been applied to Ethiopia. At the national scale the integration has been done by making use of system analysis techniques in combination with the use of diverse modelling techniques for the quantification of the key trade-offs identified. The soft-linking Deltares Water Allocation Model (Ribasim) and TIAM-ECN model for optimization of Energy Systems allowed for the quantification of trade-offs between the water and the energy sectors given the national plans to make significant increase in hydropower dams. This modelling exercise was complemented with excel calculations to quantify the trade-off between biomass production for energy and land available for food production, as well as to quantify the complex linkages between water and food security.
Image space based visualization of unsteady flow on surfaces

We present a technique for direct visualization of unsteady flow on surfaces from computational fluid dynamics. The method generates dense representations of time-dependent vector fields with high spatio-temporal correlation using both Lagrangian-Eulerian advection and image based flow visualization as its foundation. While the 3D vector fields are associated with arbitrary triangular surface meshes, the generation and advection of texture properties is confined to image space. Frame rates of up to 20 frames per second are realized by exploiting graphics card hardware. We apply this algorithm to unsteady flow on boundary surfaces of, large, complex meshes from computational fluid dynamics composed of more than 250,000 polygons, dynamic meshes with time-dependent geometry and topology, as well as medical data.
CHC: A Robust P2P Overlay Network with Simple Routing and Small-World Features

Almost all recent researches on P2P systems focus on how to build a highly usable P2P overlay network. Researchers include small routing table, short query path and good robustness into their design objectives of overlay topology. In this paper, we present a general group theory method and define a new Cayley graph. Based on this Cayley graph, we propose a novel P2P overlay network called CHC, which has simple routing (searching) scheme and many other excellent properties such as short query path, high clustering and good robustness because of its symmetry. The performance is evaluated by simulation to show that CHC possesses shorter query path length and higher clustering and better robustness than several popular P2P overlay networks such as Chord and Ulysses.
Global matching criterion and color segmentation based stereo

In this paper, we present a new analysis by synthesis computational framework for stereo vision. It is designed to achieve the following goals: (1) enforcing global visibility constraints, (2) obtaining reliable depth for depth boundaries and thin structures, (3) obtaining correct depth for textureless regions, and (4) hypothesizing correct depth for unmatched regions. The framework employs depth and visibility based rendering within a global matching criterion to compute depth in contrast with approaches that rely on local matching measures and relaxation. A color segmentation based depth representation guarantees smoothness in textureless regions. Hypothesizing depth from neighboring segments enables propagation of correct depth and produces reasonable depth values for unmatched region. A practical algorithm that integrates all these aspects is presented in this paper. Comparative experimental results are shown for real images. Results on new view rendering based on a single stereo pair are also demonstrated.
Economic-based Distributed Resource Management and Scheduling for Grid Computing

Computational Grids, emerging as an infrastructure for next generation computing, enable the sharing, selection, and aggregation of geographically distributed resources for solving large-scale problems in science, engineering, and commerce. As the resources in the Grid are heterogeneous and geographically distributed with varying availability and a variety of usage and cost policies for diverse users at different times and, priorities as well as goals that vary with time. The management of resources and application scheduling in such a large and distributed environment is a complex task. This thesis proposes a distributed computational economy as an effective metaphor for the management of resources and application scheduling. It proposes an architectural framework that supports resource trading and quality of services based scheduling. It enables the regulation of supply and demand for resources and provides an incentive for resource owners for participating in the Grid and motives the users to trade-off between the deadline, budget, and the required level of quality of service. The thesis demonstrates the capability of economic-based systems for peer-to-peer distributed computing by developing users' quality-of-service requirements driven scheduling strategies and algorithms. It demonstrates their effectiveness by performing scheduling experiments on the World-Wide Grid for solving parameter sweep applications.
SAR Reduction in Transmit SENSE Using Adapted Excitation k-Space Trajectories

Introduction: Severe transmit B1 inhomogeneity occurs at very high field (1,2). Transmit SENSE (3,4,5) has been suggested as a potential method to address this issue by acceleration of multidimensional selective excitation. However, the specific absorption rate (SAR) is a main concern, especially at high field, that might limit further applications of Transmit SENSE. Indeed, previous studies (6,7) showed that SAR increases with the reduction factor. In this work, we propose for the first time a novel way to significantly reduce SAR in Transmit SENSE using adapted-rate excitation k-space trajectories while preserving most of temporal acceleration. This new technique was verified with simulations for an 8-channel transmit coil array at 7T with a human head model.
The First Case of Ureteral Duplication in a Combined Liver-Kidney Transplantation

Aim Kidney transplantation with ureteral duplication may represent a doubled risk factor in terms of ureteral stenosis or necrosis with urinary leakage usually from the site of ureteroneocystostomy. The incidence of complete duplication is very low at 0.19%. We report a kidney with ureteral duplication in the specific setting of multiorgan transplantation since it could be considered a adjunctive risk factor for urological complications. Methods The recipient was a 67-year old man, suffering from terminal renal insufficiency. He was also affected by HCV-related cirrhosis. The patient had been waiting for the combined transplantation for 27 months and in the last two months his hepatic function dramatically worsened. The donor was a 53-year old man who died of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Good HLA compatibility was observed between donor and recipient. During harvest both kidneys presented a complete ureteral duplication. So the ureters were freed together with a wide cuff of periureteral tissue and dissected distally. No vascular abnormalities were noted during the removal of either kidney. The grafts were flushed with University of Wisconsin solution and stored in the same solution. Results The liver was reperfused after 9 hours of cold ischemia. Subsequently the kidney was vascularized after 15 hours of cold ischemia. Urine production occurred immediately after revascularization. Two separated ureteroneocystostomies with a single antireflux technique were performed. Cyclosporine and steroids were given. Post-operative course was uneventful and liver and kidney function were normal. The 7-day cystography was normal. The 6, 12, 24 month ultrasonographies showed no signs of hydronephrosis or hydroureter. After 28 months renal cancer was diagnosed and the patient underwent a right nephrectomy. The liver-kidney recipient had excellent hepatic and renal function for 84.7 months. He died of malignancy from de novo tumor. Conclusions On the basis of this experience, a kidney with an ureteral duplication, while rare, can be satisfactorily used also in combined liver-kidney transplantation.
Is Infantile Autism a Universal Phenomenon? an Open Question

What we have tried to do in this paper is to question the universality of Infantile Autism as implied by the various definitions which have been provided. Our research of the literature has convinced us that infantile autism appears to be an illness of Western Civilization, and appears in countries of high technology, where the nuclear family dominates. We indicated that no research studies were located in the U.S.A. on Hispanics, in spite of their large number. Furthermore, it was found to be quite rare among Black families. We also saw that the illness seems to be quite infrequent in Latin American countries, Africa, and India, while the rate is high in Japan, but only in westernized families. Tinbergen (1974) likewise feels that infantile autism is "actually on the increase in a number of Western and westernized societies". Two major variables which are interconnected seem to be responsible for the confusion in the findings. One of them is the problem of diagnosis. It would seem that many researchers have extended the definition of infantile autism to include other seriously afflicted children, including those who are brain-damaged. This is no surprise, since such conflicts exist as Ritvo (1981) estimating that there are 300,000 autistic children in the U.S., while a report by the National Institute for Handicapped Research estimates the number of autistic children to be 71,000 (1981). Another aspect of the findings which has been contradictory is that some investigators have found that parents of autistic children tend to be of higher S.E. S. , particularly in European studies, while some studies in the U.S.A. did not find such a difference among the parents of autistic and non-autistic children. We have provided some illustrations to indicate that studies which have found no differences were not dealing exclusively with autistic children as defined by Kanner, and often used childhood schizophrenia and autism interchangeably. Cantwell, Baker, and Rutter (1978) have pointed out that this persistent difference of superior S.E. S. of parents of autistic children is an embarrassing finding which is very hard to explain if one holds that the disease is organically determined. In conclusion to his review of the literature on the universality of adult schizophrenia, Torrey (1973) wrote the following: "Studies must be done soon or it will be too late to do them at all. But, until the universal prevalence of schizophrenia becomes an open question, this task is unlikely to be undertaken". The writer of this paper is of the same opinion. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A new TCP for persistent packet reordering

Most standard implementations of TCP perform poorly when packets are reordered. In this paper, we propose a new version of TCP that maintains high throughput when reordering occurs and yet, when packet reordering does not occur, is friendly to other versions of TCP. The proposed TCP variant, or TCP-PR, does not rely on duplicate acknowledgments to detect a packet loss. Instead, timers are maintained to keep track of how long ago a packet was transmitted. In case the corresponding acknowledgment has not yet arrived and the elapsed time since the packet was sent is larger than a given threshold, the packet is assumed lost. Because TCP-PR does not rely on duplicate acknowledgments, packet reordering (including out-or-order acknowledgments) has no effect on TCP-PR's performance. Through extensive simulations, we show that TCP-PR performs consistently better than existing mechanisms that try to make TCP more robust to packet reordering. In the case that packets are not reordered, we verify that TCP-PR maintains the same throughput as typical implementations of TCP (specifically, TCP-SACK) and shares network resources fairly. Furthermore, TCP-PR only requires changes to the TCP sender side making it easier to deploy.
MACE: Model-inference-Assisted Concolic Exploration for Protocol and Vulnerability Discovery

Programstate-space exploration is central to software security, testing, and verification. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for state-space exploration of software that maintains an ongoing interaction with its environment. Our technique uses a combination of symbolic and concrete execution to build an abstract model of the analyzed application, in the form of a finite-state automaton, and uses the model to guide further state-space exploration. Through exploration, MACE further refines the abstract model. Using the abstract model as a scaffold, our technique wields more control over the search process. In particular: (1) shifting search to different parts of the search-space becomes easier, resulting in higher code coverage, and (2) the search is less likely to get stuck in small local state-subspaces (e.g., loops) irrelevant to the application's interaction with the environment. Preliminary experimental results show significant increases in the code coverage and exploration depth. Further, our approach found a number of new deep vulnerabilities.
Supplementary information for Mathematical modeling and Experimental validation of chemotaxis under controlled gradients of methyl-aspartate in Escherichia coli

The motility buffer (MB) contained (/l of distilled water) K 2HPO4, 11.2 g; KH2PO4, 4.8 g; (NH4)2SO4, 2 g; MgS04. 7H20, 0.25 g; PVP, 1 g; and EDTA, 0.029 g. 1 LuriaBertani (LB) broth contained LB (/l of distilled water) 25 g. Tryptone medium contained (/l of distilled water) tryptone, 10 g and Nacl, 5 g. Di fferent concentrations of chemotaxis medium was prepared by adding different amounts of MeAsp to the motility buffer under sterilized conditions.
Socio-technical congruence: a framework for assessing the impact of technical and work dependencies on software development productivity

The identification and management of work dependencies is a fundamental challenge in software development organizations. This paper argues that modularization, the traditional technique intended to reduce interdependencies among components of a system, has serious limitations in the context of software development. We build on the idea of congruence, proposed in our prior work, to examine the relationship between the structure of technical and work dependencies and the impact of dependencies on software development productivity. Our empirical evaluation of the congruence framework showed that when developers' coordination patterns are congruent with their coordination needs, the resolution time of modification requests was significantly reduced. Furthermore, our analysis highlights the importance of identifying the "right" set of technical dependencies that drive the coordination requirements among software developers. Call and data dependencies appear to have far less impact than logical dependencies.