Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Record of the Slender Giant Moray, Strophidon sathete (Muraenidae, Anguilliformes) from Korea

A single specimen of Strophidon sathete (1,302 mm in total length), belonging to the family Muraenidae, was collected in a danish seine off the southern coast of Jejudo Island in April, 2019 for the first time. It was characterized by having unpatterned coloration and thin body, snout slightly rounded, three superorbital pores, four infraobital pores, and six mandibular pores. This species is distinguishable from morphologically similar Gymnothorax albimarginatus inhabiting Korean waters by having all fins dark ( vs. fins dark posteriorly with white margin for latter), body depth 1.8 ~ 3.1% in total length ( vs. 3.2 ~ 5.7%), and no dark band on head in less than 50 ~ 70 cm ( vs. exist). We add Strophidon sathete to the Korean fish fauna and propose a new Korean name, “Ga-neun-gom-chi” for the species because the body is relatively thinner than other similar moray species ( G. albimarginatus ) in Korea.
Effect of dietary citric acid, flavomycin and their combination on the performance, tibia ash and immune status of broiler

The goal of this research was to investigate the effect of citric acid (CA), the antibiotic growth promoter flavomycin (FL) and their combination on the growth performance, tibia ash and immune status of broilers. One hundred and sixty straight run day-old broiler chicks (Hubbard Classic) were randomly distributed into four dietary groups, with four replicate cages having 10 birds in each. Standard corn-soybean-based basal starter diet was given to control birds. Diets for other groups were further fortified by 0.5% CA, 0.001% FL and their combination (0.5% CA plus 0.001% FL). On day 35, CA and its combination (CA + FL) group had 17 and 12% increase in live weight compared with control, respectively (P 0.05) feed conv.
Impact of Wooden Barrel Storage on the Volatile Composition and Sensorial Profile of Red Wine

This study determined the influence of the kind of wood (Allier vs Limousin and Allier vs chestnut), the age (new vs 1 year old Allier oak barriques) and the volume (1000 L vs 225 L ) of Allier oak containers on sensorial profile and volatile composition of a red Sangiovese wine during 360 days of ageing. The greatest sensory differences were found between Allier oak wood and chestnut wood barriques. In chestnut barriques, wines were more fruited and tannic than in Allier where wines were less astringent, more vanilla flavoured and well-balanced. Some differences in chemical composition and sensorial profile were observed in wines aged in used containers with different capacities. The use of containers showed that migration phenomena from wood to wine were more intense in new barriques than in used ones. Therefore, wines aged in new barriques were richer in volatile wood compounds than wines aged in old barriques.
Stability Analysis in Taramira (Eruca sativa Mill.)

Forty-two genotypes of taramira (Eruca sativa Mill.) were evaluated for genetic parameters of variation and stability of yield and its related traits over three different environments created by three dates of sowing during Rabi 2009–2010. Environment-wise analysis of variance revealed that in first environment significant differences were observed for all the characters except oil content, in second environment significant differences were observed for all the characters except seed yield and test weight, whereas in third environment, days to maturity showed non-significant difference. The stability analysis following Eberhart and Russell model revealed that based on stability parameters the genotypes RTM-619, RTM715 and RTM-751 were found suitable for optimum sowing conditions. Genotypes RTM-603, RTM-644, RTM-673, RTM-707, RTM-754 and RTM-781 were found stable and desirable, therefore, these genotypes should be used in hybridisation programme to get segregantes, which will also be high yielding.
The poultry thief: Subsistence farmers' perceptions of depredation outside the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania

Improving the understanding of human–carnivore conflicts is fundamental for the effective management of interventions. However, earlier research has largely focused on conflicts caused by top carnivores, and there is a general lack of knowledge about the drivers behind conflicts caused by smaller carnivores. Here, we investigated the characteristics and spatial patterns of perceived predators that caused losses of poultry. We used a structured interview of 481 households across seven villages outside Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Most households kept poultry and livestock, and 48.4% of all households perceived to have lost poultry to predators, but it was unrelated to perceived livestock depredation. On average, predators killed almost one-third of the poultry kept by each household, which is equivalent to an average annual economic loss of US $14.5 18.6, or 10.4% of the cash income. Economic dependency did not influence the likelihood of perceiving depredation. The most parsimonious linear mixed-effects model showed that the probability of claiming losses to predators increased with increasing flock sizes and distance to the nearest protected area. We discuss our findings in relation to the current interest in rural poultry production shown by conservation programmes in Africa.
Academic Self-Efficacy As Predictor Of Academic Achievement

The purposes of this research are 1) to analyze the differences of the effect of gender, years of study, and major on the academic self-efficacy, and 2) to predict academic self-efficacy in determining academic achievement. This is a quantitative research using a survey approach. The location of this study is STKIP Singkawang (School of Teacher Training and Educational Science). The sample used is 223 students, which consisted of 112 males and 111 females. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire using a Likert scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS with descriptive statistical techniques, correlation, regression, and univariate GLM analysis. The results confirm that; 1) different majors have a significant influence on academic self-efficacy compared to the gender and years of study. The students of social sciences major have higher academic self-efficacy than those in the exact sciences major. ; 2) self-efficacy has a positive relationship and is also a predictor in determining academic achievement. This shows that any improvement in academic selfefficacy will be accompanied by an improvement in the academic achievement.
Ecology of Microbial Saprophytes and Pathogens in Tissue Culture and Field-Grown Plants: Reasons for Contamination Problems In Vitro

Abstract This review compares published surveys of microbial populations in plant tissue and cell cultures with the microbial saprophytes and pathogens found on field grown plants and microbial populations in the laboratory environment. From this comparison and the measured reduction in contamination after improvements in working practices in the laboratory, conclusions can be drawn about the importance of the explant and the laboratory as sources of contamination. Mechanisms of pathogenicity in vitro are described to explain why bacteria, fungi, and yeasts that are not pathogenic to plants in the field become pathogens in plant tissue cultures. Conversely, plant metabolism and its effect on the tissue culture environment are described to explain why prokaryotes, viruses, and viroids that cause disease in the field can stay latent in vitro. Detection methods for latent contaminants in plant tissue cultures are summarized, and the strategies and methods for prevention or treatment of contamination are disc.
Nitrogen-Sulfur Relations in Soft White Winter Wheat. II. Initial and Residual Effects of Sulfur Application on Nutrient Concentration, Uptake, and N/S Ratio1

Although sulfur is routinely applied over much of the limited-rainfall area of the northwestern United States, present diagnostic criteria for determining the need and frequency of S fertilization of white winter wheat [Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare (Vill., Host) and T. aestivum ssp. compactum (Host)] are not highly successful. Our objective was to evaluate the initial and residual availability of applied S by investigating a) S uptake and distribution in wheat and b) the success of S concentration and N/S ratio as diagnostic criteria. Sulfur uptake, S concentration, and N/S ratios were compared with yield to measure S response over a period of 7 years after S application to a typical S-deficient soil. Four rates of S (0, 17, 34, and 68 kg/ha) were applied as gypsum in factorial combination with four rates of N (0, 45, 90, and 180 kg/ha) as ammonium nitrate. Residual S effects were then evaluated in three subsequent wheat crops grown in a wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L.) rotation with optimum N fertilization. Sulfur uptake and concentration in the first wheat crop was proportional to the rate of S applied, but accumulated primarily in vegetative tissue when present in excess of the amount required for grain protein. Uptake from residual S was much lower than uptake from the fertilizer application and S levels in grain were maintained at the expense of S in straw. Excellent residual availability of S (i.e., two wheat crops for a 17 kg/ha application) was attributed to the low amount of S needed for the additional grain yield ( 16 in mature plants.
Oviposition behavior of orange wheat blossom midge on low‐ vs. high‐ranked grass seed heads

The discovery of Sm1, a highly effective resistance (R) gene that targets the first instar of the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), has created concerns about wheat midge adaptation. Strategies for delaying adaptation to Sm1 include the simultaneous deployment of a resistance trait targeting a different life stage, i.e., the ovipositing adult female. Previous studies have shown that adult females distinguish between wheat genotypes and seed head developmental stages and are attracted by volatiles from young wheat heads. We focused on what happens after the female lands on the seed head, comparing in three tests a seed head of the high‐ranked pre‐anthesis ‘Roblin’ wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae), and a head of one of three lower‐ranked types: post‐anthesis ‘Roblin’, pre‐anthesis ‘Key’ wheat (T. aestivum), and pre‐anthesis ‘Robust’ barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Within each test, high‐ and low‐ranked heads were presented in choice and no‐choice assays, with the behavior of wheat midge females scored every 5 min from 20:30 to 23:00 hours, under mid‐summer natural light conditions and sunset occurring between 20:50 and 21:20 hours. Head type influenced both proportions of females observed on the head and proportions of females probing with the ovipositor. Head*assay interactions occurred only in the test comparing wheat to barley, with barley reducing females observed on the wheat head and wheat increasing females probing on barley. Results indicate that the wheat midge female detects plant cues while examining the seed head and that this detection contributes to differences in egg counts.
Double harm to voters: data-driven micro-targeting and democratic public discourse

: This article argues that political micro-targeting impacts the fundamental right of the non-targeted citizens to receive information, and consequently, the democratic public discourse. The right to information is the passive side of freedom of expression, among other protected by Article 10 of the European Convention of Human Rights. Freedom of political expression is also an instrument to create a diverse and free public debate; therefore, expressions that counteract this goal cannot avail of the protection.
Microgeographic variation of colour morph frequency and biometry of common wall lizards

The throat and belly of both sexes of the common wall lizard Podarcis muralis exhibit a polymorphic coloration with three morphs (white, yellow and red). We documented the occurrence of this polymorphism in 11 populations of northern Italy, and investigated the morphometric features of the three morphs in both sexes. The white morph was more frequent (56.6%), while yellow and red morphs accounted for 28.7 and 14.7% of the lizards, respectively. Moreover, the red morphotype was more frequent among males while the white one was more frequent among females. The occurrence of the three morphs varied microgeographically from populations with a higher proportion of white individuals to those where all morphs were more equally represented. The comparisons of morphometry between morphs did not reveal any significant difference among males, while snout–vent length and head height in females increased from the white-throated to the yellow-throated morph, and from the yellow-throated morph to the red-throated one. Possible functions of this polymorphic coloration are discussed.
Kimberlite genesis from a common carbonate-rich primary melt modified by lithospheric mantle assimilation

Diamond-bearing kimberlites were born from similar melts in the deep Earth and variably modified during ascent. Quantifying the compositional evolution of mantle-derived melts from source to surface is fundamental for constraining the nature of primary melts and deep Earth composition. Despite abundant evidence for interaction between carbonate-rich melts, including diamondiferous kimberlites, and mantle wall rocks en route to surface, the effects of this interaction on melt compositions are poorly constrained. Here, we demonstrate a robust linear correlation between the Mg/Si ratios of kimberlites and their entrained mantle components and between Mg/Fe ratios of mantle-derived olivine cores and magmatic olivine rims in kimberlites worldwide. Combined with numerical modeling, these findings indicate that kimberlite melts with highly variable composition were broadly similar before lithosphere assimilation. This implies that kimberlites worldwide originated by partial melting of compositionally similar convective mantle sources under comparable physical conditions. We conclude that mantle assimilation markedly alters the major element composition of carbonate-rich melts and is a major process in the evolution of mantle-derived magmas.
Evaluation of clinical efficacy of undenatured type ii collagen in the treatment of osteoarthritis of knee. A randomized controlled study

Background: One of the leading diseases among the elderly population is Osteoarthritis of Knee, which occurs due to the destruction of articular cartilage by immunologic or mechanical factors. Collagen is the most abundant component of the cartilage. Collagen derivatives have shown to have disease modifying action in osteoarthritis. This study evaluates the ability of Undenatured Type II Collagen to improve knee symptoms in patients diagnosed with Osteoarthritis of knee. Method: A total of 60 patients who satisfied our inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly distributed in two groups. One treated with 1500 mg/day of acetaminophen (group A; n=30) and the other treated with 10 mg/day of native type II collagen (group UC-II; n=30) for 3 months. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at rest and during walking, Western Ontario McMaster (WOMAC) pain and WOMAC function were recorded. Results: After 180 days of treatment, although there was overall reduction in WOMAC groups AC+ UCII was significantly better than AC for “night pain” (p= 0.040) and “resting pain” (p= 0.025). AC+ UC-II was significantly better than AC for “ascending stairs at 60 days and 180 days” (p=0.020 & 0.035 respectively), “at night while in bed” (p=0.020) at 60 days and difficulty walking on flat surface at 180 days (p=0.036). AC and UC-II was most effective and reduced VAS & WOMAC scores by 30%. Conclusion: The results suggest that undenatured type II collagen treatment combined with acetaminophen has more marked effect when compared to only acetaminophen for symptomatic treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Evaluation of trap deployment patterns for behavioural control of apple maggot flies (Dipt., Tephritidae)

Abstract: We evaluated three different deployment patterns of sticky red sphere traps, baited with a five‐component blend of synthetic attractive fruit odour and placed on perimeter apple trees bordering adjacent habitat (front‐row trees), for control of apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), in small plots of apple trees (about 30 × 30 m) in Massachusetts commercial apple orchards. Degree of fly penetration from front‐row to interior apple trees was assessed for R. pomonella of wild origin and for marked adults released in habitats adjacent to front‐row trees. Traps placed 10 and 5 m apart on front‐row trees or grouped on a single central front‐row tree performed as well as grower‐applied insecticide sprays in preventing penetration of plots by wild and released flies and in preventing fruit injury. This was equally true for plots whose front‐row trees consisted of cultivars comparatively susceptible to apple maggot as for plots whose front‐row trees were comprised of comparatively tolerant cultivars. It was also true for each seasonal period during which sampling for treatment performance occurred.
Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Effects of Lippia nodiflora

This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant potential of methanol extract of Lippia nodiflora Mich. (Verbenaceae) (MELN). The different antioxidants assays, including total antioxidant activity, reducing power, free radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide scavenging, and total phenolic content, were studied. MELN exhibited potent total antioxidant activity that increased with increasing amount of extract concentration (50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL), which were compared with standard drug α -tocopherol (400 μg/mL). The different concentrations of MELN and α -tocopherol showed inhibition of 49.07%, 58.96%, 63.07%, 68.29%, and 74.59%, respectively, on peroxidation in linoleic acid emulsion. In addition, MELN had effective reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging, and nitric oxide scavenging activity, and total phenolic content depending on concentration. These various antioxidant activities were compared with standard antioxidants such as BHA, BHT, catechin, and α -tocopherol.
Is there Gene Exchange between Drosophila pseudoobsura and Drosophila persimilis in Their Natural Habitats?

The sibling species Drosophila psendoobscnra and D. persimilis were first detected by Lancefield (1929) and designated race A and race B, respectively. Lancefield noted that these "races" intercross with difficulty in laboratory cultures and give hybrid progenies consisting of fertile females and sterile males. Dobzhansky and Epling (1944) showed that, despite their morphological identity, these " races" behave as reproductively isolated sibling species. Their distribution areas are distinct though broadly overlapping; D. pseudoobscura prefers drier and warmer habitats than D. persimilis; in localities where both species are found, D. psecdoobscnra is more active in late afternoon and D. persim)nilis in morning hours; a pronounced, though incomplete, ethological isolation makes intraspecific matings more frequent than interspecific ones; profound disturbances in the spermatogenesis make the F1 hybrid males completely sterile; backcrosses of F1 females to males of the parental species give progenies with reduced viability of both sexes and sterility of most males. Rizki (1951) eventually discovered a slight but diagnostic difference between the species in the male genitalia; females, however, remain morphologically indistinguishable. The above information demonstrates that D. pseudoobscura and D. persinilis are specifically distinct, but it leaves open the question of whether occasional hybridization and gene exchange between them take place in their natural habitats. In laboratory experiments, when females and males of both species are placed together, some hybrids are invariably produced (Anderson, Dobzhansky, and Pavlovsky 1972; and references therein). Despite the hybrid breakdown in backcross progenies, introgressive hybrid populations can be obtained. Dobzhanisky (1951) showed, however, that the ethological isolation is much stronger in nature than in laboratory cultures. Copulating pairs were collected and tested in a locality where both species occur; only intraspecific and no interspecific matings were found. The reason for this difference in behavior under laboratory and natural conditions is unknown. Are hybrid individuals encountered in natural habitats, albeit infrequently? Since the species and their hybrids cannot be easily identified by inspection of their external morphology, more recondite techniques had to be resorted to, namely, examination of the gene arrangements in the giant salivary gland chromosomes. Invariably, D. pseudoobscnra and D. persimilis
The population history of the deep-sea demersal fish Bothrocara hollandi in the Japan Sea revealed by tandem repeat units in the mitochondrial non-coding region

We determined the nucleotide sequences of the non-coding region between the genes for tRNA and tRNA in 433 specimens of the deep-sea demersal fish Bothrocara hollandi obtained from the Japan Sea and the Okhotsk Sea. This region consisted of 1–3 copies of sequences, which originated from the duplication of the 5 -region of the tRNA gene. All the individuals from the Okhotsk Sea have two copies and those from the Japan Sea were shown to have 1–3 copies. Of the individuals obtained from the Japan Sea, those with more than one copy and those with a single copy corresponded to Group A and Group B, respectively, which have been defined in a previous study. On the other hand, a closely related species, Bothrocara tanakae, has a single copy, and no non-coding region was detected for the congeneric species Bothrocara molle. Duplication of the unit might have occurred three times during the evolution of B. hollandi. During the last glacial maximum (LGM) when most of the Japan Sea was anoxic, ancestors of Group A would have inhabited the shallower areas of the Japan Sea which did not become anoxic while those of Group B might have survived in other refuges in the Japan Sea. Low genetic diversity of Group B suggests that a severe bottleneck might have occurred in the population size of an ancestral population of Group B during the LGM.
AUTOPOIETIC SELF-REPRODUCTION OF CHIRAL FATTY ACID VESICLES

The self-reproduction of vesicles formed by (S)- and (R)-2-methyldodecanoic acid (4) was investigated in order to relate the autocatalytic increase of the vesicle concentration with enantioselectivity. 4(R) and 4(S) were synthesized with an enantiomeric excess greater than 98%. 4 forms vesicles in aqueous solution in the pH region between 8.8 and 7.5. Chiral properties of the vesicles were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and circular dichroism (CD). For self-reproduction studies, the hydrolysis of the water-insoluble 2-methyldodecanoic anhydride (8) was investigated in a biphasic system consisting of an aqueous solution and 8. The reaction rates of 8(RR) and 8(SS) catalyzed by 4(R) or 4(S) vesicles were the same within experimental errors, indicating that the chiral vesicles cannot induce significant enantioselectivity. However, a clear effect was observed at 10 °C: racemic vesicles destabilized during hydrolysis, causing phase separation, whereas homochiral vesicles remained stable an.