Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
arying evapotranspiration and salinity level of irrigation water nfluence soil quality and performance of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium erenne L . )

Increasing use of recycled water that is often high in salinity warrants further examination of irrigation practices for turfgrass health and salinity management. A study was conducted during 2011–2012 in Riverside, CA to evaluate the response of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) ‘SR 4550’ turf to varying quality and quantity of irrigation water. A modified line-source sprinkler irrigation system provided a salinity gradient (ECw ∼0.6–4.2 dS m−1) in between lines. Irrigation was scheduled in four separate irrigation zones perpendicular to the irrigation lines according to 80, 100, 120, and 140% ETo. Changes in turf quality (R2 = 0.30***), were primarily driven by the number of days that the area had been irrigated with saline water. When data were separated by irrigation amount, both time and water quality accounted for 54% and 46% of the variability (P < 0.001) in quality and cover, respectively at 80% ETo. A model was created to quantify decline in turf quality in relationship to %ETo replacement and salinity accumulation in the rootzone (R2 = 0.57). Our results suggest that perennial ryegrass requires irrigation scheduling at 140% ETo, irrigation water quality below ECw ∼1.7 dS m−1, and ECe below 3.8 dS m−1 to maintain acceptable quality for 442 d in Riverside, CA. © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. Extended drought and increasing urban development in Caliornia and other arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern SA continue to put pressure on already diminishing potable water esources, especially for landscape and turfgrass irrigation. Since anuary 2010, all municipalities in California have been required to dopt a water efficient landscape ordinance in an effort to conserve ater (California Model Water Official Landscape Ordinance, 2009). sing alternative sources of water for irrigation is one solution o limit the strain on fresh water resources. Recycled water, also nown as effluent, reuse, reclaimed, or wastewater has become an ncreasingly common and necessary resource for irrigating larger Abbreviations: EC, electrical conductivity; ECe, electrical conductivity of the oil saturation extract; ECw, electrical conductivity of water; ETo, reference evaptranspiration; LSIS, line-source irrigation system; SAR, sodium absorption ratio; a, sodium content; Kc, crop coefficient; r, correlation coefficient; R2, coefficient of
Imported intermediary inputs, R&D and Firm's Productivity: Evidence from Indian Manufacturing

This paper examines dynamic as well as static effects of imported intermediary inputs and inhouse R&D on productivity growth using firm-level panel data for Indian technology-intensive manufacturing industries for the period 2000-2009. For this purpose, the present study adopts two empirical frameworks: production function and growth accounting method. Although we do have some comprehensible evidence to conclude that imported inputs have positive and significant impact on the productivity of firms, but the overall findings are rather mixed. Specifically, the results from the production function framework suggest that impact of imported intermediary goods on output is reasonably sizable. Surprisingly, however, the role of R&D activities under this framework is found to be insignificant across industries in various estimation specifications. On the other hand, the analysis based on the growth accounting model some yields positive results, which suggest that TFP of firms are closely linked with import and R&D activities. Firms that engage in these activities have 8% to 12% higher TFP than other firms across the industries. However, labor productivity is found to be insulated from these activities.
Learning to live in a smart home

ABSTRACT Smart homes promise to significantly enhance domestic comfort, convenience, security and leisure whilst simultaneously reducing energy use through optimized home energy management. Their ability to achieve these multiple aims rests fundamentally on how they are used by householders, yet very little is currently known about this topic. The few studies that have explored the use of smart homes have tended to focus on special-interest groups and be quite short-term. This paper reports on new in-depth qualitative data that explore the domestication of a range of smart home technologies in 10 households participating in a nine-month field trial. Four core themes emerge: (1) smart home technologies are both technically and socially disruptive; (2) smart homes require forms of adaptation and familiarization from householders that can limit their use; (3) learning to use smart home technologies is a demanding and time-consuming task for which there is currently very little support available; and (4) there is little evidence that smart home technologies will generate substantial energy savings and, indeed, there is a risk that they may generate forms of energy intensification. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for policy, design and further research.
Use of satellite and ALS data for classification of roofing materials on the example of asbestos roof tile identification

Classification of roofing materials with the use of high resolution satellite imagery is a difficult issue, especially due to the fact that roofs are characterised by large diversity of shapes and textures, mainly caused by different roof surfaces illumination. To automate the process of roofing material types classification the influence of diversified illumination of individual roof surfaces should be eliminated. Topographic correction of satellite imagery may decrease influence of such effects and therefore leads to more accurate classification results. This paper presents classification results of roofing materials based on an 8-channel WorldView-2 satellite image. The digital terrain model and the digital surface model created with the use of aerial laser scanning data provided by the ISOK project were used for the topographic correction. The accuracy of the supervised classification of WorldView-2 image achieved for asbestos-cement roofing materials was at the level of 76–92%, (depending on the variant of classification). After grouping roofing materials by similar materials (e.g. painted sheet metal and metal tiles) it is possible to achieve classification results with the accuracy of ca. 70–80%.
Methodological Aspects of a Quantitative and Qualitative Survey of Asylum Seekers in Germany – A Field Report

This field report presents and discusses methodological issues and challenges encountered in a mixed-methods research project on asylum seekers in Bavaria, Germany. It documents the research design of, and field experiences in, a quantitative survey based on a quota sampling procedure and a qualitative study, both of which were conducted in collective accommodation for asylum seekers at selected locations in that federal state. Standardized PAPI multiple-topic questionnaires were completed by asylum seekers from Syria, Afghanistan, Eritrea, and Iraq (N = 779); most of the questionnaires were self-administered. In addition, 12 qualitative face-to-face biographical interviews were conducted in order to gain an indepth understanding of attitudes and experiences of asylum seekers. This report focuses on the following aspects: the use of gatekeepers to facilitate participant recruitment; sampling procedures; the involvement of interpreters in the data collection process; response bias and response behaviors among asylum seekers; and the experiences gained from data collection in collective accommodation for asylum seekers.
Sleep Disorders During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Specifics and Psychological Diagnostic

The article describes the phenomenon of COVID-somnia, which includes a specific spectrum of changes in sleep from insomnia to behavior disorder during the REM sleep phase. Different effects of COVID-19 on sleep disorders have been shown. Manifestations of covid-associated sleep disorders (chronic insomnia, restless legs syndrome) are described. A model of the relationship between covid-associated anxiety, insomnia, and suicidal thinking is presented. The psychological factors influencing the phenomenon of COVID-somnia are systematized. Predicted insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic consists of the presence of intolerance to uncertainty, covid-associated anxiety, feelings of loneliness, the presence of symptoms of depression and anxiety. The algorithm of screening assessment of the patient’s condition during the COVID-19 pandemic and the specifics of a complete psychological examination of the COVID-somnia phenomenon in the patient are described for the first time. The protocol of short-term remote cognitive-behavioral therapy of anxiety associated with the COVID-19 pandemic by E. M. Anderson to minimize chronic insomnia is presented.
C V ] 2 5 M ar 2 01 8 Image Recognition Using Scale Recurrent Neural Networks

Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) has been widely used for image recognition with great success. However, there are a number of limitations of the current CNN based image recognition paradigm. First, the receptive field of CNN is generally fixed, which limits its recognition capacity when the input image is very large. Second, it lacks the computational scalability for dealing with images with different sizes. Third, it is quite different from human visual system for image recognition, which involves both feadforward and recurrent proprocessing. This paper proposes a different paradigm of image recognition, which can take advantages of variable scales of the input images, has more computational scalabilities, and is more similar to image recognition by human visual system. It is based on recurrent neural network (RNN) defined on image scale with an embeded base CNN, which is named Scale Recurrent Neural Network(SRNN). This RNN based approach makes it easier to deal with images with variable sizes, and allows us to borrow existing RNN techniques, such as LSTM and GRU, to further enhance the recognition accuracy. Our experiments show that the recognition accuracy of a base CNN can be significantly boosted using the proposed SRNN models. It also significantly outperforms the scale ensemble method, which integrate the results of performing CNN to the input image at different scales, although the computational overhead of using SRNN is negligible.
A repeat-sales index for pricing US corporate bonds

In this paper we use a repeat-sales index methodology to construct US corporate bond price indices. Using several performance tests, we show that this methodology provides superior index estimates. In particular when assets trade at infrequent and irregular intervals the repeat-sales index is superior to taking an arithmetic price average. The methodology can readily be applied to any sub-sample of bonds based on a particular characteristic, such as the rating or the maturity. We further study the sensitivity of individual bond returns to systematic market risk as measured by a repeat-sales price index. Results indicate that variations in the price index are an important determinant of the time series and of the cross-sectional variation of corporate bond returns.
Cryptographic Based Secure Model on Dataset for Deep Learning Algorithms

Deep learning (DL) algorithms have been widely used in various security applications to enhance the performances of decision-based models. Malicious data added by an attacker can cause several security and privacy problems in the operation of DLmodels. The twomost common active attacks are poisoning and evasion attacks, which can cause various problems, including wrong prediction and misclassification of decision-based models. Therefore, to design an efficient DL model, it is crucial to mitigate these attacks. In this regard, this study proposes a secure neural network (NN) model that provides data security during model training and testing phases. The main idea is to use cryptographic functions, such as hash function (SHA512) and homomorphic encryption (HE) scheme, to provide authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality of data. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated by experiments based on accuracy, precision, attack detection rate (ADR), and computational cost. The results show that the proposed model has achieved an accuracy of 98%, a precision of 0.97, and an ADR of 98%, even for a large number of attacks. Hence, the proposed model can be used to detect attacks and mitigate the attacker motives. The results also show that the computational cost of the proposed model does not increase with model complexity.
Seow Java Based Automatic Curriculum Generator for Children with Trisomy 21 T

Early Intervention Program (EIP) is required to improve the overall development of children with Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). In order to help trainer and parent in the implementation of EIP, a support system has been developed. The support system is able to screen data automatically, store and analyze data, generate individual EIP (curriculum) with optimal training duration and to generate training automatically. The system consists of hardware and software where the software has been implemented using Java language and Linux Fedora. The software has been tested to ensure the functionality and reliability. The prototype has been also tested in Down syndrome centers. Test result shows that the system is reliable to be used for generation of an individual curriculum which includes the training program to improve the motor, cognitive, and combination abilities of Down syndrome children under 6 years. Keywords—Early intervention program (curriculum), Trisomy 21, support system, Java.
Determinants of business performance of the firms: A case of the construction listed enterprises in Vietnam Stock Market

This research aims to investigate the determinants of business performance in Vietnam small and medium sized firms. The study employs a sample of 100 construction-listed enterprises in the Vietnam Stock Market. The author collects data on time series of October 2020 based on the financial statement and annual reports of the Vietnam construction listed companies. The survey data are collected by email and internet sources. This study also identifies the factors that affect the business performance enterprises in Vietnam. The author processed data via STATA 14.0 and SPSS 20.0 software. The research results indicate that (1) government support policies, (2) education level of enterprises owner, (3) enterprises scale, (4) society relationships of enterprises and (5) revenue growth rate affect the business performance of construction- listed enterprises in Vietnam. In addition, the government support policies, education level of enterprises owner, enterprises scale, society relationships of enterprises and revenue growth rate have positive impact on business performance of the Vietnam Construction Listed Companies. In which, education level of enterprises owner and government support policies have mostly positive impacts on business performance. The findings of this study also suggest that the education level of enterprise owners is the highest impact to business performance of the construction- listed firm in Vietnam.
Interleaved Capacitive Coupler for Wireless Power Transfer

Capacitive power transfer is becoming an attractive alternate for wireless chargers. A coupler with large self- and mutual capacitance is desirable from the power and efficiency perspective. However, state-of-the-art couplers suffer from the tradeoff design issue between these two types of capacitance. In order to improve the required capacitance, an interleaved capacitive coupler is proposed and evaluated based on the Maxwell-based simulation. Using more plates, it can effectively use the coupling space to maintain the required self- and mutual capacitance, while minimize the cross coupling effects. Meanwhile, the new coupler is also helpful to reduce the radioactive electric field, and the high-radiation region is reduced dramatically. In the experiment, three types of couplers are built with the same coupling space, compensations, and output power. The proposed interleaved structure can achieve the highest efficiency and minimum radiation.
The Spore Surface in Pithomyces chartarum

Observations by Miss J. M. Dingley indicated that young spores of Pithomyces chartarum were echinulate, the echinulation becoming less marked a t maturity; electron microscopy showed that a spicular layer covered the surface of the spores. These observations prompted the conjecture of Russell & Brown (1959) that the sporidesmolides might occur as a surface coating. Circumstantial evidence in support of this idea was provided when it was shown that there was a relationship between the number of spores produced in cultures of P. chartarum and the weight of sporidesmolides which could be isolated therefrom (Done, Mortimer, Taylor & Russell, 1961; Dingley, Done, Taylor & Russell, 1962). Evidence from electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis and fermentation experiments which establish the nature of the surface layer are presented here.
Perceived Parental School Involvement and Problems Faced by Students: Comparison of Truant and Punctual Students

In this study, perceived parental school involvement and problem faced by truant and punctual students were explored. Sample comprised of both truant (n = 100) and punctual students (n = 100) with age range 12-18 years. Student: Thinking About My Homework (Hoover-Dempsey, Walker, and Sandler, 2005) was translated into Urdu for measuring each parents’ school involvement. Urdu translated version of Mooney Problem Checklist (Rana, 1995) was used to study problems faced by students. Findings indicated that school related and self-centered problems were significantly negatively correlated with mothers’ school involvement and fathers’ school involvement for truant students. Results further revealed that truancy (truant and punctual students) was moderator between parental school involvement and problems faced by students. Truant students had more school related and self-centered problems than punctual students that were significantly related to bad parental school involvement.
The MgH B' 2Σ+-X 2Σ+ Transition: A New Tool for Studying Magnesium Isotope Abundances

We have identified lines from the 0-3, 0-4, 0-5, 0-6, 0-7, 1-3, 1-4, 1-7, and 1-8 bands of the 24MgH B' 2Σ+-X 2Σ+ transition in sunspot umbral spectra. Lines of the 0-7 and 1-8 bands in the uncluttered 7500 Å region are the most obvious, but B' 2Σ+-X 2Σ+ lines have been tracked as far to the blue as 5300 Å. In combination with weak lines of the 0-7 bands of the 25MgH and 26MgH isotopes, the solar isotope ratio 24Mg:25Mg:26Mg has been measured as 76:12:12, in agreement with the much better determined terrestrial ratio 79:10:11. The intensity distribution of bands with v′′ from 4 to 8 has been measured and found to show no anomalies; the excitation temperature of 3100 K agrees well with a value of 3200 K determined from SiO in a sunspot spectrum. The lines of the MgH B' 2Σ+-X 2Σ+ transition are much more cleanly separated and much less blended than lines from the stronger A 2Π-X 2Σ+ transition. The B' 2Σ+-X 2Σ+ lines should prove useful in isotopic abundance analyses for stars where the A 2Π-X 2Σ+ transition is too strong to yield useful results.
Turbulence-Induced Rogue Waves in Kerr Resonators

Spontaneous emergence of self-organized patterns and their bifurcations towards a regime of complex dynamics in non-equilibrium dissipative systems is a paradigm of phase transition. Indeed, the behavior of these patterns in the highly nonlinear regime remains less explored, even in recent high-quality-factor resonators such as Kerr-nonlinear optical ones. Here, we investigate theoretically and experimentally the alteration of the resulting Kerr frequency combs from the weakly to the highly nonlinear regime, in the frameworks of spatiotemporal chaos, and dissipative phase transitions. We reveal the existence of a striking and easily accessible scenario of spatiotemporal chaos, free of cavity solitons, in a monostable operating regime, wherein a transition to amplitude turbulence via spatiotemporal intermittency is evidenced. Moreover, statistics of the light bursts in the resulting turbulent regime unveils the existence of rogue waves as extreme events characterized by long-tail statistics.
Toolkits and Cultural Lexicon: An Ethnographic Comparison of Pottery and Weaving in the Northern Peruvian Andes

The findings of an ethnographic comparison of pottery and weaving in the Northern Andes of Peru are presented. The project was carried out in villages of the six southern provinces of the department of Cajamarca. The comparison was performed taking into account two parameters: technical uniformity or diversity in ‘plain’ pottery and weaving, and presence or absence of lexical items of indigenous origin – both Quechua and pre-Quechua – in the vocabulary of both handicraft activities. Pottery and weaving differ in the two observed domains. On the one hand, pottery shows more technical diversity than weaving: two different manufacturing techniques, with variants, were identified in pottery. Weaving with the backstrap loom (telar de cintura) is the only manufacturing technique of probable precolonial origin in the area, and demonstrates remarkable uniformity in Southern Cajamarca, considering the toolkit and the basic sequence of ‘plain’ weaving. On the other hand, weaving nomenclature clearly retains more Quechua and pre-Quechua terms than pottery vocabulary, and also shows more lexical diversity, in spite of the aforementioned technical uniformity. In order to explain these differences, the distinct distribution and dynamics of pottery and weaving production must be taken into account: while pottery is concentrated in some specific and specialized villages, weaving is disseminated as a household activity throughout the region, especially in rural areas.
Quantum null energy condition and its (non)saturation in 2d CFTs

We consider the Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC) for holographic conformal field theories in two spacetime dimensions (CFT_22). We show that QNEC saturates for all states dual to vacuum solutions of AdS_33 Einstein gravity, including systems that are far from thermal equilibrium. If the Ryu-Takayanagi surface encounters bulk matter QNEC does not need to be saturated, whereby we give both analytical and numerical examples. In particular, for CFT_22 with a global quench dual to AdS_33-Vaidya geometries we find a curious half-saturation of QNEC for large entangling regions. We also address order one corrections from quantum backreactions of a scalar field in AdS_33 dual to a primary operator of dimension h in a large central charge expansion and explicitly compute both, the backreacted Ryu–Takayanagi surface part and the bulk entanglement contribution to EE and QNEC. At leading order for small entangling regions the contribution from bulk EE exactly cancels the contribution from the back-reacted Ryu-Takayanagi surface, but at higher orders in the size of the region the contributions are almost equal while QNEC is not saturated. For a half-space entangling region we find that QNEC is gapped by h/4h/4 in the large h expansion.