Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delay-Tolerant OCO With Long-Term Constraints: Algorithm and Its Application to Network Resource Allocation

We consider online convex optimization (OCO) with multi-slot feedback delay. An agent selects a sequence of online decisions to minimize the accumulation of time-varying convex loss functions, subject to short-term and long-term constraints that may be time-varying. Both the convex loss function and the long-term constraint function may experience multiple time slots of feedback delay to be received by the agent. Existing works on OCO under this general setting has focused on the static regret, which measures the gap of losses between an online decision sequence and a time-invariant static offline benchmark. In this work, besides the static regret, we also consider a more practically meaningful metric, the dynamic regret, where the benchmark is a time-varying online optimal decision sequence. We propose an efficient algorithm, termed Delay-Tolerant Constrained-OCO (DTC-OCO), which uses a novel double regularization together with a new penalty mechanism on the long-term constraint violation, to tackle the asynchrony between information feedback and decision updates. We obtain upper bounds for its static regret, dynamic regret, and constraint violation, proving that they are sublinear under mild conditions. Furthermore, we consider a variation of DTC-OCO with multi-step gradient descent, and show it provides improved dynamic regret and constraint violation bounds for strongly convex loss functions. For numerical demonstration, we apply DTC-OCO to a general network resource allocation problem. Our simulation results suggest substantial performance gain by DTC-OCO over the current best alternative.
Effect of Public Space on Collective Action for Rural Waste Management and the Mediating Effects of Social Capital

Public spaces enhance social interactions and contacts, yet few scholars have linked public spaces to the governance of commons for rural waste management. We thus explore the direct and mediated effects of public spaces on collective action for rural waste management. The research was conducted in the Jiangsu Province of Eastern China by interviewing 290 farmers from 9 different counties. The individual dataset was collected from the measurement of public space, social capital and collective action for rural waste management. Public space characteristics include scale, entering frequency and accessibility. A structural equation modelling approach was employed to analyse the path and relationship of these variables. The results show that public space has a direct and positive effect on collective action for rural waste management, which could be attributed to the specific dimensions of scale, entering frequency and accessibility. We also find that social capital positively mediates the relationship between public spaces and collective action. This study highlighted the importance of public space use to rural environmental governance. Social capital is recommended to promote the collective action for rural waste management. The results contribute to the literature on public space research and imply that public space should be considered by policymakers to enhance environmental development and rural revitalisation.
Assistive Technology in Multiple Sclerosis Patients—Two Points of View

Objective: The goal of our study was determining the current needs and acceptance of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the field of assistive technologies using materials from the “RAMCIP” project (Robotic Assistant for Mild Cognitive Impairment Patient at Home). Methods: There were two target groups: a population with MS, and medical personnel experienced in treating MS patients. This study was based on a two-step design method (workshops and surveys). Using the Likert scale, we identified the prioritization of users’ needs. Additionally, demographic and disease-specific data and their correlations with each other and with the level of priority of functionality were analyzed. Moreover, the acceptance aspect of the assistant robot and the respondents’ readiness to use it were determined. Results: We gathered 307 completed surveys (176 from MS patients, 131 from medical personnel). Functional capabilities from the safety category were a high priority in most cases. The medium priority functions concerned daily activities that required physical assistance and home management. The differences in prioritization between the two groups were also found. Variables such as age, level of disability, cognitive impairment, depression, and fatigue were associated with the priority level of the functionalities. Conclusion: In summary, our findings might contribute to a better adaptation of robotic assistants to the needs and expectations of the MS population.
COVID-19 vaccine uptake among family caregivers of people with dementia: The role of attitudes toward vaccination, perceived social support and personality traits

People with dementia have an increased risk of contracting severe forms of COVID-19. Although in worldwide vaccination programs priority has been given to older people, having taken the vaccine does not totally eliminate the risk of contracting COVID-19 when one is in close contact with unvaccinated people. Thus, family caregivers’ choices to remain unvaccinated against COVID-19 could have potentially lethal consequences for their relatives. To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt within the international literature to analyze COVID-19 vaccine uptake among family caregivers of people with dementia and to identify some of the psychological factors, related to COVID-19 and vaccination behavior, that could facilitate or hinder vaccine uptake. Contact information for family caregivers was obtained from five different centers and associations throughout the Italian territory. Data were collected from 179 respondents during July-September 2021 using a cross-sectional web-based survey design. More than 75% of the respondents indicated that had been vaccinated against COVID-19 and reported receiving vaccine information mainly from print or electronic newspapers (86%), followed by TV (81%) and families (64.2%). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, worries about unforeseen future effects was significantly related to COVID-19 vaccine uptake, indicating that family caregivers concerned about potential side effects of vaccines were less likely to have been vaccinated against COVID-19 (OR = 0.60, CI = 0.40-0.89). Openness to experience was also related to COVID-19 vaccine uptake, with family caregivers higher on this trait being less likely to have been vaccinated against COVID-19 (OR = 0.83, CI = 0.71-0.98). Implications for targeting of vaccine-related messages are discussed.
Intention of Social Media Adoption among Undergraduate Students of Business Schools in Kathmandu Valley

This paper investigated the intention of social media adoption among undergraduate students in business schools during 2020. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from 200 undergraduate students in the Kathmandu Valley using self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed by applying Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). This research paper found a significant positive influence of resource sharing on behavior intention of social media adoption. The hypothesis showed that perceived ease of use partially mediated the relationship between collaboration and behavior of educational use of social media. However, the research found no significant influence of perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness on behavior intention of social media adoption. Using the findings of this paper, the research paper discussed the theoretical and practical implications for researchers and educators. The paper incorporates resource sharing and collaboration variables to the existing TAM framework.
Prediction, experimental results and analysis of the ITER TF insert coil quench propagation tests, using the 4C code

The ITER toroidal field insert (TFI) coil is a single-layer Nb3Sn solenoid tested in 2016–2017 at the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (former JAEA) in Naka, Japan. The TFI, the last in a series of ITER insert coils, was tested in operating conditions relevant for the actual ITER TF coils, inserting it in the borehole of the central solenoid model coil, which provided the background magnetic field. In this paper, we consider the five quench propagation tests that were performed using one or two inductive heaters (IHs) as drivers; out of these, three used just one IH but with increasing delay times, up to 7.5 s, between the quench detection and the TFI current dump. The results of the 4C code prediction of the quench propagation up to the current dump are presented first, based on simulations performed before the tests. We then describe the experimental results, showing good reproducibility. Finally, we compare the 4C code predictions with the measurements, confirming the 4C code capability to accurately predict the quench propagation, and the evolution of total and local voltages, as well as of the hot spot temperature. To the best of our knowledge, such a predictive validation exercise is performed here for the first time for the quench of a Nb3Sn coil. Discrepancies between prediction and measurement are found in the evolution of the jacket temperatures, in the He pressurization and quench acceleration in the late phase of the transient before the dump, as well as in the early evolution of the inlet and outlet He mass flow rate. Based on the lessons learned in the predictive exercise, the model is then refined to try and improve a posteriori (i.e. in interpretive, as opposed to predictive mode) the agreement between simulation and experiment.
An experimental study on ghost fishing in rocky coastal reefs in southern Brazil

A ghost fishing experiment was conducted using gillnets in a rocky reef off the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Scuba divers monitored changes in the structure of the nets and catches for 92 days. One hundred and twenty-six entangled animals were observed, including target and non-target fishing species: 13 teleosts (N = 52; 43%) and four crustaceans (N = 74; 57%). The crab Menippe nodifrons was the most frequently entangled species (N = 36; 28%). Entanglement rates decreased over time following a logarithmic model for fishes and crustaceans, and an exponential model for both taxa combined, attributed to the degradation, and tangling of the nets and biofouling. The area of the net decreased linearly over time, collapsing after 92 days. This study provides the first experimental evaluation of the impacts of ghost fishing caused by gillnets in Brazilian rocky reefs.
The Distributional Impact of the Minimum Wage in the Short and Long Run

We develop a framework with worker heterogeneity, monopsony power, and putty-clay technology in order to study the distributional impact of the minimum wage in the short and long run. We discipline our model to match the small employment effects of the minimum wage in the short run and the large estimated elasticities of substitution across different workers in the long run. We find that in the short run, both small and large increases in the minimum wage have small impacts on employment and increase the labor income of the workers earning less than the new minimum. In the long run, the effects of the minimum wage greatly differ depending on the size of its increase: a small increase has a beneficial long-run impact on low-income workers in that it increases their employment, income, and welfare, whereas a large increase reduces the employment, income, and welfare of precisely the low-income workers it is meant to support. In either case, these long-run effects take time to fully materialize because firms slowly adjust their mix of inputs. Existing transfer programs, such as the earned-income tax credit (EITC) or a progressive tax system, are more effective than large increases in the minimum wage at improving long-run outcomes for workers at the low end of the wage distribution. But combining existing programs with a small increase in the minimum wage provides even larger welfare gains for those workers. ∗We especially thank Daron Acemoglu, David Autor, Mark Bils, Sandy Black, Charlie Brown, Ricardo Caballero, John Campbell, Jeff Clemens, Ashley Craig, Amanda Kowalski, Thomas Lemieux, Magne Mogstad, David Neumark, and Richard Rogerson for many helpful comments as well as seminar participants at the Bank of Spain, the Barcelona Graduate School of Economics Summer Forum 2021, Berkeley, Cambridge, Chicago, the Federal Reserve Banks of Philadelphia, Richmond, and San Francisco, Harvard, Maryland, Michigan, MIT, the NBER Summer Institute 2021, Princeton, Santa Cruz, the SED 2022 Meetings, Stanford, USC, Virginia, the Virtual East Asia Seminar Series, Wharton, and Wisconsin (Madison). The current draft is an updated version of the one presented at the Barcelona Graduate School of Economics Summer Forum in June 2021. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis or the Federal Reserve System. Elena Pastorino gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR).
Does Balancing Fund Affect Economic Growth and Poverty Level in Central Java?

AbstractFiscal federalism copes with the division of governmental function and financial relations among levels of authorities. The objective of this research was to give empirical evidence about the effects of Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD), Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH), General Allocation Fund (DAU), Special Allocation Fund (DAK), and Local Expenditure (BD) on economic growth and poverty level. The data of this study were sourced from secondary data. The data collection method used was mechanical observation technique. Panel data from 35 districts and municipalities in Central Java province throughout 2009-2018 were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. This study concludes that balancing funds have an affect on increasing economic growth (except DBH) and reducing poverty levels even though not as effective as PAD. In contrast, local expenditure does not have an affect on increasing economic growth and reducing poverty levels. This study supports the fiscal federalism theory, that the allocation of sources can be accomplished effectively by states and local governments. Balancing funds have an affect on increasing economic growth and decreasing poverty levels.Keywords: Growth; Local expenditure; Local revenue; Poverty Abstrak Federalisme fiskal berkaitan dengan pembagian fungsi pemerintahan dan hubungan keuangan di antara tingkat-tingkat pemerintahan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris tentang dampak Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), Dana Bagi Hasil (DBH), Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU), Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK), dan Belanja Daerah (BD). pada pertumbuhan ekonomi dan tingkat kemiskinan. Data penelitian ini bersumber dari data sekunder yang berasal dari Biro Pusat Statitstik Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi mekanik. Data panel dari 35 kabupaten dan kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah sepanjang tahun 2009-2018 dianalisis dengan analisis regresi berganda. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa dana perimbangan berdampak pada peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi (kecuali DBH) dan penurunan tingkat kemiskinan meskipun tidak seefektif PAD. Sebaliknya, belanja daerah tidak berdampak pada peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan penurunan tingkat kemiskinan. Studi ini mendukung teori federalisme fiskal, bahwa alokasi sumber dapat dilakukan secara efektif oleh pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah. Dana perimbangan berdampak pada peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan penurunan tingkat kemiskina.Katakunci: Belanja daerah; Kemiskinan; Pendapatan daerah; Pertumbuhan
Mechanisms of tunneling nanotube-based propagation of neurodegenerative disease proteins

Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), intercellular connections enriched with F-actin, were first identified as a viable means of cellular communication and organelle transport in animal cells at the early part of this century. Within the last 10 years, these microscopic and highly dynamic protrusions have been implicated in neurodegenerative disease propagation and pathogenesis. A host of aggregation-prone protein inclusions, including those containing alpha-synuclein, tau, prions and others, hijack this communication mechanism in both neurons and astrocytes. The exact cellular mechanisms underlying TNT-based propagation remain largely unknown, however, common practices can be identified. First, selective expression of the aggregation-prone form of proteins increases TNT density; next, endo-lysosomal pathways appear to support the loading and unloading of protein onto the TNT; and finally, TNT assembly results in the spontaneous formation of aggregation-prone protein inclusions in “acceptor” cells, indicating that TNTs are involved in not only the transport of inclusions but also in the seeding of new inclusions in naïve cells. These observations have implications for the spreading of neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system and the consequent progression of symptoms. Here, I will summarize the empirical evidence of TNT-based aggregation-prone protein propagation to date, and propose an inclusive model of aggregate inclusion propagation along TNTs.
Urban densification and exclusionary pressure: emerging patterns of gentrification in Oslo

ABSTRACT Urban densification is often advocated as one of the most desirable ways to develop sustainable communities. However, gentrification scholars have criticized densification, linking it to housing inequalities and displacement. As conceptualized by Peter Marcuse in 1985, displacement can occur through various forms. Some are more evident than others and have received greater attention in gentrification studies (e.g. direct displacement). Others (e.g. displacement pressure and exclusionary displacement) are more subtle and under-researched, both empirically and theoretically. Yet, a nuanced view of displacement is of great relevance, enabling better engagement with contextual diversity when dealing with gentrification-like dynamics. Through this article, I place critical attention on this matter. Drawing upon Peter Marcuse’s definition of exclusionary displacement, I elaborate the concept of exclusionary pressure – a process involving exclusionary housing markets and social and spatial filtering up within a neighborhood – and I use it as an indicator of possible emerging processes of gentrification around recently densified areas in Oslo.
Improving the Doppler Resolution of Ground-Based Surveillance Radar for Drone Detection

In this paper, we propose to use an iterative adaptive approach to perform the Doppler processing in ground-based surveillance radar for drone detection. It overcomes the limited dwell time and improves the Doppler resolution, and therefore significantly enhances the discrimination of micro-Doppler signature and the correct classification of drones. In addition, the target detectability is also improved. This approach is validated in the field experiments conducted with a commercial portable ground-based surveillance radar.
Profitability moderate the effect of operating capacity and intellectual capital on financial distress

Financial distress is the stage of declining financial conditions experienced by the company before the occurrence of bankruptcy or liquidity. This study aims to examine the effect of operating capacity and intellectual capital on financial distress with profitability as a moderating variable. The population in this study are property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample in this study amounted to 12 property and real estate companies during the 2016-2020 period. Sampling using purposive sampling method. The analytical tools used in this research are multiple linear analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Based on the results of the study, it shows that operating capacity has a positive effect on financial distress, intellectual capital has a negative effect on financial distress, profitability can moderate the effect of operating capacity on financial distress and profitability cannot moderate the influence of intellectual capital on financial distress.
Ground-Mounted Photovoltaic and Crop Cultivation: A Comparative Analysis

Human civilization depends on energy sources, mainly fossil fuels. An increase in the prices of fossil fuels and their exhaustibility limit economic growth. Carbon dioxide emission causes global environmental problems. Global crises (including COVID-19) have sharpened food and energy supply problems. The decentralized energy supply systems as well as the expedition of the application of renewable energy may solve these challenges. The economic shift to renewable power generation intensifies the competition between food crop production and green energy for land. This paper applied an open-source spatial-based model to quantify the solar power generation (the ground-mounted photovoltaic panels) for the southern regions of Poland (the Opole region) and Ukraine (the Mykolaiv region). The model used technical, economic, and legal constraints. This study compared economic indicators of the solar power generation and the crop production projects for rain-fed land. The net present value (NPV) and the profitability index (PI) were used for the economic evaluation. Additionally, the coefficients of variation were determined to assess investment risks. The use of r.green. solar model to find the spatial distribution of the reduction of carbon dioxide emission was the novelty of this study. The analysis revealed that the PV projects have higher NPV, but lower PI compared to the crop production. The PV projects have lower coefficients of variation. This fact testifies that these projects are less risky.
Vibration control in wind turbines to achieve desired system‐level performance under single and multiple hazard loadings

The increased demand in energy and the need for sustainable and renewable sources of electricity in hazardous environments with significantly growing population yields the installation of more wind turbines in these areas. In addition, the technological development in material and construction methods has led to the building of taller and more flexible turbines, with inherent low structural damping. Installing modern wind turbines in offshore harsh environments or seismic prone areas can cause an increment in the probability of failure due to excessive vibrations. The current study evaluates the performance of onshore and offshore wind turbines under multihazard loads, including wind, wave, earthquake, and mass and aerodynamic imbalances for both parked and operating conditions. The Lagrangian approach is employed to model the wind turbine considering the blade/tower coupling. In order to lessen the vibrations induced by multihazard loads, external smart dampers are used and a novel energy‐based probabilistic approach is employed to tune the semiactive controllers. The results show the effectiveness of employing an analytical approach for the design of semiactive controllers in vibration mitigation of a wind turbine subjected to multiple hazards.