Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PID BASED HIERARCHICAL AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM PERFORMANCE MAXIMIZATION OF A HYBRID UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (HUAV)

In this article, preliminary and conceptual design, dynamic modeling and flight dynamics modes of an unmanned aerial vehicle which have both helicopter flight mode and fixed-wing aircraft flight mode is researched. The air vehicle (ZANKA-IV) which will be produced in Erciyes University Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics Drone Laboratory captures both passive and active morphing properties. Furthermore, this hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle (HUAV) will be controlled by PID based autopilot system. In this paper, as the first time, sizes of morphing apparatuses and autonomous system are determined simultaneously in order to maximize autonomous flight performance. A stochastic optimization method is applied for simultaneous design. As a result, optimum solution is obtained very fast and accurately. Moreover, as a result of this approach, autonomous control of HUAV becomes noticeably efficient. 10% improvement in autonomous performance index is achieved. Furthermore, the autopilot successfully tracks a reference trajectory with pitching angle of 30 degrees.
A cross-modal feedback scheme for control of prosthetic grasp strength

Introduction Given the lack of haptic feedback inherent in prosthetic devices, a natural and adaptable feedback scheme must be implemented. While multimodal feedback has proven successful in aiding dexterous performance, it can be mentally tasking on the individual. Conversely, cross-modal schemes relying on sensory substitution have proven to be equally effective in aiding task performance without cognitively burdening the user to the same degree. Objectives This experiment investigated the effectiveness of the cross-modal feedback scheme through using audio feedback to represent prosthetic grasping strength during dynamic control of a prosthetic hand. Methods A total of five individuals participated in two sets of experiments (four subjects in the first, one subject in the second). Participants were asked to control the grasping strength exerted by a prosthetic hand while using real-time audio feedback in order to reach up to three different levels of force within a trial set. Results The cross-modal feedback scheme successfully provided users with the robust ability to modulate grasping strength in real-time using only audio feedback. Conclusion Audio feedback effectively conveys haptic information to the user of a prosthetic hand. Retention of the training knowledge is evident and can be generalized to perform new (i.e. untrained) tasks.
An Analysis of Blast Pressure Rise in Gas Circuit Breaker by a Single Molecule Model Taking the Nozzle Ablation into Consideration

The thermal puffer type gas circuit breaker uses arc energy as the energy source of pressure rise in current interrupting operation. We proposed a calculation model of puffer pressure rise of thermal puffer type gas circuit breaker taking both arc energy and ablation gas due to nozzle clogging into consideration. In this model, nozzle ablation gas and arc energy dealt with boundary conditions. It was found that the ablation gas during nozzle clogging assists the back flow of gas in the passage and also it transfers arc energy to puffer chamber very efficiently. Thus the puffer pressure rise is influenced by the amount of ablation gas very much. This paper describes the detail of the new model and the results of simulation.
Design configurations of the methanol synthesis loop

In recent years the chemical industry has undergone considerable changes due to increased environmental regulations and energy costs. This master thesis has evaluated three different design considerations of the methanol synthesis loop using Honeywell’s general purpose process simulator UniSim Design (R380 Build 14027) combined with MathWorks programming language MATLAB. The three configurations are Lurgis methanol reactor loop as built on Tjeldbergodden, the use of interstage methanol removal by the means of condensation and Lurgis MegaMethanol configuration. It was shown that the base case simulation of Lurgis reactor loop, using kinetics from Vanden Bussche and Froment (1996), gave reasonable results compared to Tjeldbergodden methanol plant. For the interstage methanol removal configuration it was found that the two reactors should be of equal length, 7.25 m, and that a cooling water temperature of 250◦C in the first reactor and 255◦C in the second reactor produced the highest amount of methanol. When operating with a recycle ratio of 2, this configuration had the potential of a net present worth of 47 million dollars compared to the base case over a 10 year horizon. The addition of a gas cooled reactor for the MegaMethanol process only increased the methanol production by 0.2 tonne/h, making the project unfeasible.
Geological and palaeogeographical peculiarities of the Adamów Graben area, central Poland

Abstract From a geological and palaeogeographical point of view, the area of the Adamów Graben in the vicinity of Turek ranks amongst the best known in central Poland, with several opencast mines located here where lignite was exploited for 57 years. These large-surface exposures provide a good opportunity for detailed geological studies of strata of Late Cretaceous to Holocene age. However, the present research focuses mainly on those deposits, forms and structures that have been most thoroughly examined and are best exposed. These are Cretaceous marls and gaizes, Paleogene ‘blue clays’ and the ‘Koźmin Gravels’, Neogene sandstones, as well as the Quaternary glacial ‘Lake Koźmin’, involutions and ‘Koźmin Las’. Some of these, e.g., the ‘Koźmin Gravels’ and ‘Koźmin Las’, are not known from other Polish territories. Furthermore, results obtained by the authors over a period of nearly 30 years also include data on palaeogeographical changes across some Cenozoic intervals, especially during the early Oligocene and late Weichselian.
Recent discoveries in microbiota dysbiosis, cholangiocytic factors, and models for studying the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis

Abstract Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a cholangiopathy caused by genetic and microenvironmental changes, such as bile homeostasis disorders and microbiota dysbiosis. Therapeutic options are limited, and proven surveillance strategies are currently lacking. Clinically, PSC presents as alternating strictures and dilatations of biliary ducts, resulting in the typical “beaded” appearance seen on cholangiography. The pathogenesis of PSC is still unclear, but cholangiocytes play an essential role in disease development, wherein a reactive phenotype is caused by the secretion of neuroendocrine factors. The liver–gut axis is implicated in the pathogenesis of PSC owing to the dysbiosis of microbiota, but the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood. Alterations in cholangiocyte responses and related signalling pathways during PSC progression were elucidated by recent research, providing novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarise the currently known underlying mechanisms of PSC pathogenesis caused by the dysbiosis of microbiota and newly reported information regarding cholangiocytes in PSC. We also summarise recently reported in vitro and in vivo models for studying the pathogenesis of PSC.
Spaceflight-Associated Vascular Remodeling and Gene Expression in Mouse Calvaria

Astronauts suffer from a loss of bone mass at a rate of 1.5% per month from lower regions of the body during the course of long-duration (>30 days) spaceflight, a phenomenon that poses important risks for returning crew. Conversely, a gain in bone mass may occur in non-load bearing regions of the body as related to microgravity-induced cephalad fluid shift. Representing non-load bearing regions with mouse calvaria and leveraging the STS-131 (15-day) and BION-M1 (30-day) flights, we examined spatial and temporal calvarial vascular remodeling and gene expression related to microgravity exposure compared between spaceflight (SF) and ground control (GC) cohorts. We examined parasagittal capillary numbers and structures in calvaria from 16 to 23 week-old C57BL/6 female mice (GC, n = 4; SF, n = 5) from STS-131 and 19–20 week-old C57BL/6 male mice (GC, n = 6; SF, n = 6) from BION-M1 using a robust isolectin-IB4 vessel marker. We found that the vessel diameter reduces significantly in mice exposed to 15 days of spaceflight relative to control. Capillarization increases by 30% (SF vs. GC, p = 0.054) in SF mice compared to GC mice. The vessel numbers and diameter remain unchanged in BION-M1 mice calvarial section. We next analyzed the parietal pro-angiogenic (VEGFA) and pro-osteogenic gene (BMP-2, DMP1, RUNX2 and OCN) expression in BION-M1 mice using quantitative RT-PCR. VEGFA gene expression increased 15-fold while BMP-2 gene expression increased 11-fold in flight mice compared to GC. The linkage between vascular morphology and gene expression in the SF conditions suggests that angiogenesis may be important in the regulation of pathological bone growth in non-weight bearing regions of the body. Short-duration microgravity-mediated bone restructuring has implications in planning effective countermeasures for long-duration flights and extraterrestrial human habitation.
Pandemic Fatigue and Anxiety Sensitivity as Associated Factors With Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among University Students in South Korea During the Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic

Objectives: The global impact of COVID-19 driven by new variants may add to the negative mental health consequences of the prolonged pandemic, including posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). University students may be prone to develop a series of PTSS due to life plan disruptions as well as increased uncertainty caused by the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between pandemic fatigue, anxiety sensitivity (AS), and PTSS among university students in South Korea. Methods: Using convenience sampling, 400 students participated in this cross-sectional online survey. Descriptive statistics and linear mixed models were used to examine factors associated with PTSS. Results: About one-third (32.3%) of the participants reported clinically significant levels of PTSS. Multivariate analyses revealed that pandemic fatigue (β = 0.124, p < 0.001) and AS (β = 0.212, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with PTSS while controlling for other study variables. Conclusion: Young adults who feel more fatigue related to the COVID-19 pandemic and with high AS should be given access to mental health resources to better manage their mental health and reduce PTSS.
Molecular Subtyping of Cancer Based on Robust Graph Neural Network and Multi-Omics Data Integration

Accurate molecular subtypes prediction of cancer patients is significant for personalized cancer diagnosis and treatments. Large amount of multi-omics data and the advancement of data-driven methods are expected to facilitate molecular subtyping of cancer. Most existing machine learning–based methods usually classify samples according to single omics data, fail to integrate multi-omics data to learn comprehensive representations of the samples, and ignore that information transfer and aggregation among samples can better represent them and ultimately help in classification. We propose a novel framework named multi-omics graph convolutional network (M-GCN) for molecular subtyping based on robust graph convolutional networks integrating multi-omics data. We first apply the Hilbert–Schmidt independence criterion least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (HSIC Lasso) to select the molecular subtype-related transcriptomic features and then construct a sample–sample similarity graph with low noise by using these features. Next, we take the selected gene expression, single nucleotide variants (SNV), and copy number variation (CNV) data as input and learn the multi-view representations of samples. On this basis, a robust variant of graph convolutional network (GCN) model is finally developed to obtain samples’ new representations by aggregating their subgraphs. Experimental results of breast and stomach cancer demonstrate that the classification performance of M-GCN is superior to other existing methods. Moreover, the identified subtype-specific biomarkers are highly consistent with current clinical understanding and promising to assist accurate diagnosis and targeted drug development.
Ion Microbeam Studies of Charge Transport in Semiconductor Radiation Detectors With Three-Dimensional Structures: An Example of LGAD

The development of semiconductor detectors with an increased tolerance to high radiation levels often results in devices that deviate significantly from those of the classical design with planar electrodes. Decreasing the charge drift distance and/or introducing localised charge multiplication volumes are two detector development strategies that are often used in an attempt to increase the device radiation hardness. However, such approaches result in a more complex three-dimensional distribution of electrodes and sensitive detector volumes, which presents a challenge for the microscopic characterisation of charge transport properties. IBIC (ion beam-induced charge) is one of the available microscopic characterisation techniques that utilises focused, MeV energy range ions to probe charge transport. Here we used IBIC to probe different detector depths by varying the ion energy and/or angle of incidence and to probe certain detector regions by ions of the same range but with different stopping powers. These investigations are particularly important for studying low gain avalanche diode (LGAD) detectors, where measured interpad distances change with proton energy and where an increased carrier density results in changes in the charge multiplication, which are studied in this work.
Grain-Filling Rate Improves Physical Grain Quality in Barley Under Heat Stress Conditions During the Grain-Filling Period

Heat stress is a primary constraint to Australia's barley production. In addition to impacting grain yield, it adversely affects physical grain quality (weight and plumpness) and market value. The incidence of heat stress during grain filling is rising with global warming. However, breeding for new superior heat-tolerant genotypes has been challenging due to the narrow window of sensitivity, the unpredictable nature of heat stress, and its frequent co-occurrence with drought stress. Greater scientific knowledge regarding traits and mechanisms associated with heat tolerance would help develop more efficient selection methods. Our objective was to assess 157 barley varieties of contrasting genetic backgrounds for various developmental, agro-morphological, and physiological traits to examine the effects of heat stress on physical grain quality. Delayed sowing (i.e., July and August) increased the likelihood of daytime temperatures above 30°C during grain-filling. Supplementary irrigation of field trials ensured a reduced impact of drought stress. Heat tolerance appeared to be the primary factor determining grain plumpness. A wide variation was observed for heat tolerance, particularly among the Australian varieties. Genotypic variation was also observed for grain weight, plumpness, grain growth components, stay-green and stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content, and mobilisation under normal and delayed sown conditions. Compared to normal sowing, delayed sowing reduced duration of developmental phases, plant height, leaf size, head length, head weight, grain number, plumpness, grain width and thickness, stem WSC content, green leaf area retention, and harvest index (HI), and increased screenings, grain length, grain-filling rate (GFR), WSC mobilisation efficiency (WSCME), and grain protein content. Overall, genotypes with heavier and plumper grains under high temperatures had higher GFR, longer grain-filling duration, longer green leaf area retention, higher WSCME, taller stature, smaller leaf size, greater HI, higher grain weight/plumpness potentials, and earlier flowering. GFR played a significant role in determining barley grain weight and plumpness under heat-stress conditions. Enhancing GFR may provide a new avenue for improving heat tolerance in barley.
Face Masks Impact Auditory and Audiovisual Consonant Recognition in Children With and Without Hearing Loss

Teachers and students are wearing face masks in many classrooms to limit the spread of the coronavirus. Face masks disrupt speech understanding by concealing lip-reading cues and reducing transmission of high-frequency acoustic speech content. Transparent masks provide greater access to visual speech cues than opaque masks but tend to cause greater acoustic attenuation. This study examined the effects of four types of face masks on auditory-only and audiovisual speech recognition in 18 children with bilateral hearing loss, 16 children with normal hearing, and 38 adults with normal hearing tested in their homes, as well as 15 adults with normal hearing tested in the laboratory. Stimuli simulated the acoustic attenuation and visual obstruction caused by four different face masks: hospital, fabric, and two transparent masks. Participants tested in their homes completed auditory-only and audiovisual consonant recognition tests with speech-spectrum noise at 0 dB SNR. Adults tested in the lab completed the same tests at 0 and/or −10 dB SNR. A subset of participants from each group completed a visual-only consonant recognition test with no mask. Consonant recognition accuracy and transmission of three phonetic features (place of articulation, manner of articulation, and voicing) were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Children with hearing loss identified consonants less accurately than children with normal hearing and adults with normal hearing tested at 0 dB SNR. However, all the groups were similarly impacted by face masks. Under auditory-only conditions, results were consistent with the pattern of high-frequency acoustic attenuation; hospital masks had the least impact on performance. Under audiovisual conditions, transparent masks had less impact on performance than opaque masks. High-frequency attenuation and visual obstruction had the greatest impact on place perception. The latter finding was consistent with the visual-only feature transmission data. These results suggest that the combination of noise and face masks negatively impacts speech understanding in children. The best mask for promoting speech understanding in noisy environments depend on whether visual cues will be accessible: hospital masks are best under auditory-only conditions, but well-fit transparent masks are best when listeners have a clear, consistent view of the talker’s face.
Aspect ratio-dependent hysteresis response of a heavy inverted flag

Abstract The bistable fluttering response of heavy inverted flags with different aspect ratios ($AR$) is investigated to determine how the vortical structures affect the intermittent vibration response of the flag. A heavy inverted flag in a uniform flow may exhibit several response modes; amongst them are three major modes that occur over an extended velocity range: stationary, large-scale periodic oscillation and one-sided deflected modes. Significant hysteretic bistability is observed at the transition between these modes for all $AR$, which is notably different from the conventional flag vibration with a fixed leading edge and free trailing edge where no hysteresis is observed at the lower $AR$ limit ($AR<1$). The difference is associated with the distinct roles of vortices around the flag. Experiments with flags made of spring steel are conducted in a wind tunnel, where the flow speed is steadily increased and later decreased to obtain different oscillatory modes of the heavy inverted flags. The experimental results are used to validate the numerical model of the same problem. It is found that different critical velocities exist for increasing and decreasing flow velocities, and there is a sustained hysteresis for all $AR$ controlled by the initiation threshold and growth of the leading-edge and side-edge vortices. The effect of the vortices in the bistable oscillation regime is quantified by formulating a modal force partitioning approach. It is shown that $AR$ can significantly alter the static and dynamic vortex interaction with the flexible plate, thereby changing the flag's hysteresis behaviour and bistable response.
Modeling complex contact phenomena with nonlinear beamshells

As built-up engineering structures (i.e. structures consisting of many individual pieces connected together) become more complicated and expensive, the need to accurately model their response to dynamic events increases. Take for example electronics mounted to a satellite via a bolted connection. Without the proper understanding of how the electronics will react during launch, the connection will either be over designed, resulting in excess weight, or under designed, resulting in possible damage to the unit. In bolted connections, energy dissipation due to micro-slip (partial slipping of an elastic body in contact that occurs prior to slipping of the entire contact patch) is often the dominating damping mechanism. Capturing this type of nonlinear damping is often challenging within a simulation of large-scale structures. Finite element falls short due to the small element size required to achieve a converged solution in the contact patch. Researchers have been developing reduced order models that capture the micro-slip phenomenon without the numerical penalty associated with finite element analysis. This work shows that nonlinear beamshells could be used as a reduced order model for elastic bodies connected with a frictional connection which exhibits energy dissipation due to micro-slip. In this work we consider the energy dissipated from an elastic shell on a rigid foundation and focus on two unique contact phenomenon: the effect of shear leading iii to load transfer beyond the slip zone, and the effect of compressive material loads that can give rise to receding contact areas. Both phenomenon are investigated using the nonlinear geometrically exact shell theory. It is concluded that edge shearing effects serve to reduce the energy dissipated from the system. This is studied with nonlinear shell theory and validated with finite element analysis. Likewise, it has been postulated that changing contact patch areas during oscillations effects the energy dissipated per load cycle. This work expands on current nonlinear shell theory to account for through thickness compressive stresses as applied to a Cosserat surface. Several examples are solved to show the effects of the expanded nonlinear beamshell theory.
Machine Learning and Deep Learning framework with Feature Selection for Intrusion Detection

Increases in the size of the network and associated data have been a direct effect of technological breakthroughs in the technology and communication areas. As a result, new types of assaults have emerged, making it more difficult for network security systems to identify potential threats. An intrusion Detection is a critical cyber security method that keeps track of the progress of the network's software or hardware. In order to keep up with the ever-increasing rate and diversity of cyber threats, researchers have turned to machine learning approaches to build intrusion detection systems (IDS). Using machine learning algorithms, it is possible to identify with high precision the major differences between normal and abnormal data. In this paper, we proposed three feature selection techniques followed by machine learning and deep learning for IDS. We collected two different datasets and used the ANOVA F-value based method, impurity-based feature selection, and mutual information-based techniques for identifying the best features. Later, we applied three ML algorithms K-NN, Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, and Deep Learning Feed Forward Neural Networks on two datasets and achieved an accuracy of 88%, 99.9% with feed forward neural networks. The results shown that our model performed well compared to conventional methods.