Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Extended Phase Shift Modulation Strategy for DAB Converter With DC Blocking Capacitor to Extend ZVS Range and Reduce RMS Current

This article is aimed at enlarging the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) range and reducing current stress for the dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter with dc blocking capacitors (DCBCs). A hybrid extended phase shift modulation strategy (HEPSMS) is proposed, which makes the converter switch between the full-bridge mode and the half-bridge mode to obtain multivoltage matching operation points. Thus, the root mean square (rms) current and the burden of achieving full load range ZVS are reduced. In addition, the voltage–second of the leakage inductor is controlled to achieve equivalent voltage matching under wide voltage output, thereby simplifying the control law and achieving full load range ZVS under a wide voltage range. The operation principle, ZVS range, and rms current are analyzed and compared with the conventional modulation method. Finally, a 1-kW experimental prototype with a 200-V input and a 100–400-V output was built to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
COCA: a novel 3D FE simulator for the design of TWTs multistage collectors

Specialized 3D numerical simulators are required to carry out the design process of asymmetrical high-efficiency TWT collectors. A Finite-Element (FE) approach has the advantage of flexibility in the treatment of realistic collector geometries, allowing an easy utilization of irregular meshes and mesh adaptation in the discretization process. In this way the user can fit better the discretized model to the design objectives. In this paper the present release of the simulator COCA, a novel 3D FE tool for the design of multistage depressed TWT's collectors is illustrated. COCA has been developed at the University of Catania under an ESA/ESTEC project. The complete simulator consists of three main modules: a dedicated fully 3D FE mesh generator, a 3D FE Vlasov solver, including space-charge effects, with an integrated electron trajectory tracer and a post-processing module for result restitution. The tool has been specifically conceived to provide the TWT designer with a flexible and easy-to-use environment through a friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI). In fact all the simulator functions are interactively managed and executed by using the GUI window, where several menus foresee all the actions necessary to create, modify and simulate a collector. Several examples of 3D simulations of asymmetric collectors have been performed to test the simulator; the results of the tests based on geometries available in literature are in excellent agreement with the reported measured data.
Citizenship Fatigue as Mediator between Compulsory Citizenship Behavior and Work-Family Conflict

Framed by the conservation of resources theory, we investigated the mediating role of citizenship fatigue in the relationship between compulsory citizenship behavior and work-family conflict. Using a sample of 171 women (M = 41.16, SD = 10.18) working in facilities for the elderly in Portugal, we examined the direct and indirect relationship between compulsory citizenship behavior and work-family conflict. The data, collected using a selfreported questionnaire, shows that compulsory citizenship behavior influences work-family conflict with citizenship fatigue as a mediator. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Substrate-Specific Engineering of Amino Acid Dehydrogenase Superfamily for Synthesis of a Variety of Chiral Amines and Amino Acids

Amino acid dehydrogenases (AADHs) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the reversible reductive amination of keto acids with ammonia to produce chiral amino acids using either nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) as cofactors. Among them, glutamate dehydrogenase, valine dehydrogenase, leucine dehydrogenase, phenylalanine dehydrogenase, and tryptophan dehydrogenase have been classified as a superfamily of amino acid dehydrogenases (s-AADHs) by previous researchers because of their conserved structures and catalytic mechanisms. Owing to their excellent stereoselectivity, high atom economy, and low environmental impact of the reaction pathway, these enzymes have been extensively engineered to break strict substrate specificities for the synthesis of high value-added chiral compounds (chiral amino acids, chiral amines, and chiral amino alcohols). Substrate specificity engineering of s-AADHs mainly focuses on recognition engineering of the substrate side chain R group and substrate backbone carboxyl group. This review summarizes the reported studies on substrate specificity engineering of s-AADHs and reports that this superfamily of enzymes shares substrate specificity engineering hotspots (the inside of the pocket, substrate backbone carboxyl anchor sites, substrate entrance tunnel, and hinge region), which sheds light on the substrate-specific tailoring of these enzymes.
Global longitudinal strain in acute myocardial infarction and incidence of in-hospital heart failure.

Background : Myocardial strain is a good prognostic factor independent of ejection fraction for outcomes in heart failure. We evaluated the prognostic role of global longitudinal strain in acute myocardial infarction to identify the likelihood of in-hospital heart failure. Methods : Forty participants with acute myocardial infarction were included, ranked according to Killip class, and classi ﬁ ed into 2 groups: patients complicated by in-hospital heart failure (Killip class II d IV) on admission or during hospital stay (n ¼ 16) and patients with no clinical evidence of in-hospital heart failure (Killip class I) on admission or during hospital stay (n ¼ 24). All participants underwent reperfusion by percutaneous intervention or ﬁ brinolytic therapy followed by transthoracic echocardiography within 72 hours of admission. Results : There were statistically signi ﬁ cant differences between both groups regarding the global longitudinal strain, ejection fraction and the wall motion score index. In patients with mildly reduced ejection fraction, there was a statistically signi ﬁ cant difference between both groups regarding the global longitudinal strain and statistically non-sig-ni ﬁ cant differences regarding the ejection fraction and wall motion score index. Global longitudinal strain was the only echocardiographic parameter with statistically signi ﬁ cant difference between Killip class I and class II. Conclusions : Global longitudinal strain was superior to ejection fraction and wall motion score index in detection of in-hospital heart failure in Killip class II and in evaluation of myocardial dysfunction in patients with mildly reduced ejection fraction. Global longitudinal strain could be considered as a part of the routine echocardiographic evaluation of acute myocardial infarction for detection of in-hospital heart failure and risk strati ﬁ cation of patients with acute myocardial infarction especially those with mildly reduced ejection fraction and those without overt heart failure (Killip class II).
Melatonin-Induced Postconditioning Suppresses NMDA Receptor through Opening of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore via Melatonin Receptor in Mouse Neurons

Mitochondrial membrane potential regulation through the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is reportedly involved in the ischemic postconditioning (PostC) phenomenon. Melatonin is an endogenous hormone that regulates circadian rhythms. Its neuroprotective effects via mitochondrial melatonin receptors (MTs) have recently attracted attention. However, details of the neuroprotective mechanisms associated with PostC have not been clarified. Using hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells from C57BL mice, we studied the involvement of MTs and the mPTP in melatonin-induced PostC mechanisms similar to those of ischemic PostC. We measured changes in spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs), intracellular calcium concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) currents after ischemic challenge, using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Melatonin significantly suppressed increases in sEPSCs and intracellular calcium concentrations. The NMDAR currents were significantly suppressed by melatonin and the MT agonist, ramelteon. However, this suppressive effect was abolished by the mPTP inhibitor, cyclosporine A, and the MT antagonist, luzindole. Furthermore, both melatonin and ramelteon potentiated depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potentials, and luzindole suppressed depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potentials. This study suggests that melatonin-induced PostC via MTs suppressed the NMDAR that was induced by partial depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential by opening the mPTP, reducing excessive release of glutamate and inducing neuroprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Highly Linear K-/Ka-Band SPDT Switch Based on Traveling-Wave Concept in a 150-nm GaN pHEMT Process

This letter presents a highly linear 18–42 GHz single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch based on the traveling-wave concept for 5G applications. An RF switch for 5G applications requires low insertion loss, high isolation, and high linearity in both Tx/Rx modes. To achieve wideband performance and high linearity, the traveling-wave concept and a 150-nm GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) process were used. The equivalent circuit of the SPDT switch was analyzed using the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-parameter to suppress the loss and improve the isolation. The proposed SPDT switch operates with less than 2.0-dB of insertion loss and higher than 32.1-dB of isolation in a frequency range of 18–42 GHz, in both Tx/Rx modes. The measured input 1-dB compression point (IP<sub>1dB</sub>) is 47.5–49.5 dBm at 26–30 GHz. The chip size of the proposed SPDT, including pads, is 3.7 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 0.51 mm<sup>2</sup>.
Importance of Mangroves for Bat Research and Conservation: A Case Study from Vietnam with Notes on Echolocation of Myotis hasselti

Mangrove ecosystems play important ecological roles, including the mitigation of global climate change and biodiversity conservation. However, they have received little attention from scientists for the research and conservation of bats and general biodiversity. In Vietnam, bat species inhabiting mangroves have been relatively unstudied, while this ecosystem is located along the country’s coastal zones and has declined dramatically due to the development of agriculture, wind energy and other threats. To initially fill this gap, five bat surveys were conducted between September 2019 and November 2021 within Ha Long Bay and Ben Tre province, which contain representative mangrove areas of northern and southern regions of Vietnam, respectively. Bats were captured using mist nets, mobile nets and hand nets. Their echolocation calls were recorded and analyzed using the PCTape system and Selena software, respectively. Five species were captured and recorded: Cynopterus brachyotis, Macroglossus minimus, Myotis hasselti, Myotis pilosus and Taphozous melanopogon. They are all new to both Ha Long Bay and Ben Tre province. Four species (C. brachyotis, M. minimus, M. hasselti and M. pilosus) have been rarely documented from other ecosystems in Vietnam but have commonly been recorded and captured in mangrove areas. Of these species, M. pilosus is a globally “Vulnerable” species. While searching for prey, Myotis hasselti emitted high energy echolocation calls sweeping from about 96 to about 24 kHz with a signal duration of about 5 ms. This species sometimes uses social calls of a horseshoe-shaped structure, which last about 15 ms and are emitted about 26 ms in front of a search call. Results from our surveys indicated the importance and potential of mangroves for bat research and conservation.
Investigation of Conditional Source-term Estimation Approach to Modelling MILD Combustion

Conditional Source-term Estimation (CSE) is a turbulent combustion model which uses conditional averages to provide closure for the mean chemical source term and is based on the same ideas as the Conditional Moment Closure (CMC) approach. CSE applies first order closure for the conditional averages which are obtained by inverting an integral equation and has been used to simulate a range of premixed, non-premixed and partially premixed flames. In the present study, CSE is applied to investigate a high efficient, low emission combustion process called Moderate and Intense Low Oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion. This work represents the first application of CSE for MILD combustion, the first application of a multi-stream CSE formulation and the first doubly-conditioned CSE formulation applied in the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) framework. The objectives of the present study are to (i) investigate the CSE combustion model for turbulent non-premixed combustion, (ii) develop a CSE formulation for MILD combustion problems, (iii) implement CSE for MILD combustion problems in Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and LES and (iv) compare the CSE predictions to experimental and previous numerical results for well documented MILD combustion flames. Numerical simulations of a confined non-premixed methane flame are completed using the CSE non-premixed approach. This study investigates the sensitivity to various CSE model parameters and shows CSE is able to accurately predict non-premixed methane combustion. A detailed study of the inversion problem encountered in CSE is also investigated using the Bayesian framework. The origin of the perturbation seen in the unconditional mass fraction in CSE and the impact of a smoothing prior on the recovered solution and credible intervals are discussed. Different regularization methods are studied and it is shown that both zeroth and first order Tikhonov are promising regularization methods for CSE. In the present work, the non-premixed CSE formulation is extended to include the impact of radiation of the conditional reaction rates and is applied to a semi-industrial furnace. This study demonstrates that a RANS-CSE simulation is able to accurately predict the temperature and species concentration, including NOx, for large scale realistic furnace configurations. Finally, a multi-stream CSE formulation is developed and applied to the DJHC burners in the RANS and LES framework. This new CSE formulation is able to predict the temperature and velocity profiles in very good agreement with the experimental data. Further, the LES multi-stream CSE formulation is able to predict the time-dependent nature of the DHJC burners.
Biofuel production using fast pyrolysis of various plant waste biomasses in fixed bed and twin‐screw reactors

Fast pyrolysis of six biomasses mustard, camellia, pinewood, sawdust, bamboo, and bagasse was completed at a temperature of 500°C in a fixed bed reactor and a twin‐screw reactor. It was found that the yield of bio‐oil varied from 48 to 30 wt% in fixed bed reactor and 52 to 39 wt% in a twin‐screw reactor, whereas pyrolysis gases yield ranged from 34 to 20 wt% in a fixed bed reactor and 32 to 16 wt% in twin‐screw reactor and biochar yield ranged from 36 to 24 wt% in fixed bed reactor and 32 to 16 wt% in a twin‐screw reactor. High heating value (HHV) of bio‐oil was found to be maximum for bamboo (24.45 MJ/kg) biomass, whereas in the case of biochar, the maximum HHV was obtained for pinewood (27 MJ/kg) and sawdust (28 MJ/kg) biomass. On the characterization of the pyrolysis products, it is found that char obtained comprises mainly carbon while the liquid product, that is, bio‐oil, is a mixture of hydrocarbons. The pyrolysis gases consist of a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.
Hybrid LSTM-Transformer Model for Emotion Recognition from Speech Audio Files

Emotion is a vital component in daily human communication and it helps people understand each other. Emotion recognition plays a crucial role in developing human-computer interaction and computer-based speech emotion recognition. In a nutshell, Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) recognizes emotion signals transmitted through human speech or daily conversation where the emotions in a speech strongly depend on temporal information. Despite the fact that much existing research showed that a hybrid system performs better than traditional single classifiers used in SER, there are some limitations in each of them. As a result, this paper discussed a proposed hybrid Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Network and Transformer Encoder to learn the long-term dependencies in speech signals and classify emotions. Speech features are extracted with Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) and fed into the proposed hybrid LSTM-Transformer classifier. A range of performance evaluations was conducted on the proposed LSTM-Transformer model. The results indicate that it achieves a significant recognition improvement compared with existing models offered by other published works. The proposed hybrid model reached 75.62%, 85.55%, and 72.49% recognition success with the RAVDESS, Emo-DB, and language-independent datasets.
Pitting the Working Class against Itself: Solidarity, Strikebreaking, and Strike Outcomes in the Early US Labor Movement

Abstract It is axiomatic that high-risk activism requires solidarity if social movements are to have success in struggles against powerful adversaries. However, there is little research that attempts to gauge the impact of various types, limits, or breakdown of solidarity directly and systematically. Drawing from historical political economy, cultures of class formation, and social movement outcome literatures, we address the question of solidarity’s impact across dimensions and at various levels of scale (i.e., at the point of production or firm level, local community, and wider society) by analyzing the outcomes of more than 4,500 strikes during the late-nineteenth-century rise of US industrial capitalism. We find that while strike solidarity at the point of production is necessary, it is not sufficient for success. Disruption costs that strikers seek to impose to gain leverage can be significantly reduced by the countertactic of hiring strikebreaking replacement workers recruited from the local community or imported from beyond. We also find that the urban regime of strike policing matters by moderating the impact of strikebreakers. The most powerful predictor of strike outcomes is employer use of replacement workers, signaling the key to undermining working-class strike solidarity directly pits the working class against itself. Intraclass solidarity is necessary for the success in interclass struggle but needs to extend beyond the struck firm implicating the importance of solidarity of the surrounding community and wider social factory. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the historic formation of the US labor movement and its present predicament.
Progress on the Godzilla Gigawatt MPD Plasma Accelerator and Nozzle for Fusion Propulsion Simulations

Extensive human exploration and development of space requires propulsion systems that can provide both high thrust-to-weight ratio and high specific impulse. Fusion propulsion is one of the enabling technologies considered for application in such missions. A critical and common element to many fusion propulsion concepts is the expansion of the fusion-grade plasma through a magnetic nozzle. Efforts to evaluate this essential component of a fusion propulsion system began a few years ago at The Ohio State University as part of a project sponsored by the NASA Glenn Research Center. The university houses Godzilla, a gigawatt-level, 1.8megajoule pulseline that can power an acceleration sys tem cons i s t ing (p r imar i ly ) o f a magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) source and two magnet coils. The MPD source is designed to deliver hypersonic plasma flow to a magnetic-diffuser section for compression to a nearly stagnant state after passage through the converging-diverging guide field. The stagnated plasma will then be accelerated to supersonic speeds through a second magnet coil. The full effort encompasses both computational and experimental approaches to this device. INTRODUCTION
ENERGETIC OPTIMIZATION OF WATER PUMPING IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

The paper presents some different solutions for the functional optimization of pumps in big water distribution systems. These solutions lead to the increasing of the power efficiency and a correlation of the pumped flow with the real consumption in the system, which result in an energy saving up to 30%, an important fact in the present energy conditions.
Determinants of Premature Rupture of Membrane (PROM) Among Pregnant Women in Southern Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study

Background Premature rupture of membrane (PROM) varies from country to country and complicates 4 to 10% of pregnancies worldwide it has an overwhelming effect on maternal and newborn health. Even though many interventions implemented to tackle it, the problem is persisted. Objective To identify determinants of premature rupture of membrane among pregnant women who have visited labor wards in four hospitals found in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods Hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from February to May 2020. Data were collected among 75 cases and 223 controls using face-to-face interviews. Cases and controls were recruited consecutively from pregnant women who have visited the labor ward. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariable and Multivariable logistic regression was used to check the association between dependent and independent variables, statistically significant association was declared at p-value < 0.05. Results A total of 75 cases and 233 controls were enrolled in the study. Hypertension during index pregnancy [AOR = 2.81 (95% CI: 1.09 −7.23)], history of abortion [AOR = 3.7 (95% CI: 1.41–9.73)], history of caesarean section [AOR = 3.46 (95% CI: 1.34–8.9)] and history of PROM [AOR = 4.77 (95% CI: 2.31–9.89)] were associated with premature rupture of membranes. Conclusion Hypertension during the index pregnancy, history of abortion, history of PROM, and history of cesarean section has an association with premature rupture of membrane. The result of the study suggests early identification and treatment of abortion, hypertension, and cesarean section in pregnant women mitigates the risk of premature rupture of membrane.
Assessing Environmental Performance of Micromobility Using LCA and Self-Reported Modal Change: The Case of Shared E-Bikes, E-Scooters, and E-Mopeds in Barcelona

Micromobility is often thought of as a sustainable solution to many urban mobility challenges. The literature to date, however, has struggled to find consensus on the sustainability of shared and electric scooters, e-bikes, and e-mopeds. This paper uses a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to calculate the impacts of micromobility modes in three categories: Global Warming Potential (GWP), Particulate Matter Formation, and Ozone Formation. It does so by incorporating the self-reported modal change of each transportation mode: shared e-moped, shared e-bicycle, shared bicycle, and personal e-scooter. The results show that modal change brought by the introduction of shared e-mopeds and shared e-bicycles caused an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while shared bicycles and personal electric scooters decreased GHG emissions. All micromobility modes except personal e-scooters increased particulate matter emissions, but decreased those which were emitted within the city, while they all decreased NOx. The findings of this study suggest new micromobility services are not always the best environmental solution for urban mobility, unless the eco-design of vehicles is improved, and they are strategically used and deployed as part of a holistic vision for transport policy.