Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Smart Self-Organizing Node Deployment Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

Node deployment is one of the fundamental issues in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) which has not only a direct impact on the effectiveness of other operations, such as routing and data fusion, but also on the appropriateness of the provided coverage expected in many applications such as national security, surveillance, military, health care, and environmental monitoring. In mobile sensor networks, the resource-constrained move-assisted sensor nodes are used in an area to maximise the coverage within a reasonable time and energy cost. Recently, a family of algorithms, inspired by the equilibrium of molecules, have been proposed to address the coverage issue. However, these solutions lead to high energy cost and latency due to two major issues. First, almost all the nodes in the network try to move to a new position at each stage. Even worse, the decision made at each node on to which point to move at each stage is purely based on obsolete information, i.e. the current locations of moving neighbouring nodes. In this paper, we propose a new distributed algorithm, called SSND, to efficiently provide the maximum coverage for WSNs that use mobile nodes. SSND avoids to collectively, and blindly, move sensor nodes at each step but to apply an eligibility function to elect a few nodes to move using the valid information to obtain the maximum effect. Our extensive simulation study under various operational conditions shows not only a higher percentage of area coverage by SSND but with much lower power consumption and latency than those of the other protocols recently reported in the literature.
Another look through Heisenberg’s microscope

Heisenberg introduced his famous uncertainty relations in a seminal 1927 paper entitled The Physical Content of Quantum Kinematics and Mechanics. He motivated his arguments with a gedanken experiment, a gamma ray microscope to measure the position of a particle. A primary result was that, due to the quantum nature of light, there is an inherent uncertainty in the determinations of the particle’s position and momentum dictated by an indeterminacy relation, δ q δ p ∼ h . Heisenberg offered this demonstration as ‘a direct physical interpretation of the [quantum mechanical] equation pq − qp = − i ℏ ’ but considered the indeterminacy relation to be much more than this. He also argued that it implies limitations on the very meanings of position and momentum and emphasised that these limitations are the source of the statistical character of quantum mechanics. In addition, Heisenberg hoped but was unable to demonstrate that the laws of quantum mechanics could be derived directly from the uncertainty relation. In this paper, we revisit Heisenberg’s microscope and argue that the Schrödinger equation for a free particle does indeed follow from the indeterminacy relation together with reasonable statistical assumptions.
Explorer The Word Sense Disambiguation Test Suite at WMT 18

We present a task to measure an MT system’s capability to translate ambiguous words with their correct sense according to the given context. The task is based on the German–English Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) test set ContraWSD (Rios Gonzales et al., 2017), but it has been filtered to reduce noise, and the evaluation has been adapted to assess MT output directly rather than scoring existing translations. We evaluate all German–English submissions to the WMT’18 shared translation task, plus a number of submissions from previous years, and find that performance on the task has markedly improved compared to the 2016 WMT submissions (81%→93% accuracy on the WSD task). We also find that the unsupervised submissions to the task have a low WSD capability, and predominantly translate ambiguous source words with the same sense.
Blanco 1 MIXED-FUNCTION AUTOMATION IN NATURALISTIC SETTINGS

Vehicles with increasingly advanced automated capabilities are rapidly becoming a reality, and data are needed to understand the operation of the various types of these vehicles currently in use on public roads. This project is investigating real-world driver interaction with market-ready mixed-function automation (MFA) through a naturalistic driving study (NDS). The vehicles being used in this study have the capability to simultaneously activate automated lateral and longitudinal functions, allowing drivers to operate the vehicle with their hands off the steering wheel and feet off the pedals for several seconds, with the caveat that this capability is not explicitly stated or condoned by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). All systems generate alerts to notify drivers to regain control of the vehicle. This study will observe and evaluate how drivers operate five different commercially available vehicles equipped with MFA. The study will recruit a total of 120 drivers from the Northern Virginia and Washington, DC metro area. Drivers will drive one of the study vehicles instead of their own for a period of four weeks. Study vehicles will be instrumented to capture vehicle data as well as audio and video. The data collected will be sampled and analyzed in order to assess drivers’ overall use of the systems and specific types of interactions—such as the sequence of events when regaining control and secondary task engagement. It is anticipated that interactions with the MFA features will be observed in operation in mixed traffic under a variety of roadway types, driving conditions, and speeds. At present, 47 drivers have completed their 4-week participation period, with an estimate of at least 56,400 miles driven. This project will support the identification and/or refinement of human factors best practices to encourage the safe operation of highly automated vehicles.
Impact of leadership behavior on psychological capital: the mediating role of organizational support

Even though psychological capital has been identified as an important issue in the workplace, little research has focused on it through organizational support. Drawing on leadership theory and conservation of resources theory, this article examines the mediating role of organizational support in the relationship between leadership behavior and psychological capital in insurance companies in Jordan. The questionnaires were distributed randomly. Out of 350 questionnaires, 335 questionnaires were effective for analysis, after analyzing the data using the statistical program SmartPLS version 3.2. 6. Based on the theories, a significant impact of organizational support on the relationship between leadership behavior and psychological capital of employees was found. Thus, the study recommended maintaining the interest of senior management in the insurance companies operating in Jordan to identify and educate the managers of these companies in choosing the appropriate leadership behavior in accordance with the company’s data and the circumstances surrounding it at the right time and place.
Number 175 Efficient Dynamic Coordination with Individual Learning

We study how the presence of multiple participation opportunities coupled with individual learning about payoffs affects the ability of agents to coordinate efficiently in global coordination games. Two players face the option to invest irreversibly in a project in one of many rounds. The project succeeds if some underlying state variable θ is positive and both players invest, possibly asynchronously. In each round they receive informative private signals about θ, and asymptotically learn the true value of θ. Players choose in each period whether to invest or to wait for more precise information about θ. We show that with sufficiently many rounds, both players invest with arbitrarily high probability whenever investment is socially efficient, and delays in investment disappear when signals are precise. This result stands in sharp contrast to the usual static global game outcome in which players coordinate on the risk-dominant action. We provide a foundation for these results in terms of higher order beliefs. ∗We thank Martin Cripps, Philippe Jehiel, John Moore, Stephen Morris, Emre Ozdenoren, and Muhamet Yildiz for helpful discussions. We are also grateful for comments from seminar participants at Bonn, Edinburgh, UCL, the 2007 Workshop on Global Games at Stony Brook, and the ESEM 2007 in Budapest. †a.dasgupta@lse.ac. uk ‡jakub.steiner@ed.ac. uk §colin.stewart@utoronto.ca
On wind turbine down-regulation control strategies and rotor speed set-point

The use of down-regulation or curtailment control strategies for wind turbines offers means of supporting the stability of the power grid and also improving the efficiency of a wind farm. Typically, wind turbine derating is performed by modifying the power set-point and subsequently, the turbine control input, namely generator torque and blade pitch, are acted on to such changes in the power reference. Nonetheless, in addition to changes in the power reference, derating can be also performed by modifying the rotor speed set-point. Thus, in this work, we investigate the performance of derating strategies with different rotor speed set-point, and in particular, their effect on the turbine structural fatigue and thrust coefficient were evaluated. The numerical results obtained from the high-fidelity turbine simulations showed that compared to the typical derating strategy, the derated turbines might perform better with lower rotor speed set-point but it is crucial to ensure such a set-point does not drive the turbine into stalled operations.
Land Use and Greenhouse Gas Implications of Biofuels: Role of Technology and Policy

This paper examines the changes in land use in the U.S. likely to be induced by biofuel and climate policies and the implications of these policies for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the 2007–2022 period. The policies considered here include a modified Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) by itself as well as combined with a cellulosic biofuel tax credit or a carbon price policy. We use a dynamic, spatial, multi-market equilibrium model, Biofuel and Environmental Policy Analysis Model (BEPAM), to endogenously determine the effects of these policies on cropland allocation, food and fuel prices, and the mix of first- and second-generation biofuels. We find that the RFS could be met by diverting 6% of cropland for biofuel production and would result in corn prices increasing by 16% in 2002 relative to the business-as-usual baseline. The reduction in GHG emissions in the U.S. due to the RFS is about 2%; these domestic GHG savings can be severely eroded by emissions due to indirect land-use changes and the increase in gasoline consumption in the rest of the world. Supplementing the RFS with a carbon price policy or a cellulosic biofuel tax credit induces a switch away from corn ethanol to cellulosic biofuels and achieves the mandated level of biofuel production with a smaller adverse impact on crop prices. These supplementary policies enhance the GHG savings achieved by the RFS alone, although through different mechanisms; greater production of cellulosic biofuels with the tax credit but larger reduction in fossil fuel consumption with a carbon tax.
Cellular envelopephospholipids fromLegionella lytica

The composition of phospholipids from the cellular envelope of Legionella lytica grown on artificial medium was determined by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine were the predominant phospholipids, while diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine were present at low concentrations. A trace amount of lipids carrying glycosyl residues was also observed. The fatty acids and their distribution in individual phospholipids were characterized using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight, and gas chromatography/MS methods. The characteristic feature of L. lytica phospholipids was the presence of an unbranched chain (which differentiates this bacterium from Legionella pneumophila) and branched iso and anteiso fatty acids as well as cis-9,10-methylenehexadecanoic acid. According to spectroscopic LC/MS data, the localization of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid residues on phosphorylglycerol was determined. Some aspects of the significance of phosphatidylcholine, one of the main phospholipids in L. lytica, are addressed and taxonomic implications of the data are discussed.
An Epigenetics-Based Hypothesis of Autoantigen Development in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Currently, we have a limited understanding of mechanisms leading to systemic lupus erythematosus, but we know that genetics, environmental factors, and epigenetics contribute to the disease. One common aspect of the various environmental triggers is that they can cause cellular stress. When extraordinary stress occurs, such as viral activation, a cell’s response can include increased nucleolar volume and activity to produce more machinery (e.g., ribosomes) to help the cell recover. However, nucleolar expansion can disrupt the epigenetic control in neighboring heterochromatin that comprises the nucleolar shell. This disruption can open underlying vulnerabilities that provoke an autoimmune reaction. Here, we review the “X chromosome-nucleolus nexus” hypothesis, which explains how nucleolar stress can disrupt epigenetically silenced chromatin, especially the neighboring inactive X chromosome (aka the nucleolar satellite). Chromatin disruption can lead to the expression of sequestered DNA, such as Alu elements and fully functional LINE-1 reverse transcriptase genes. In addition, Alu transcripts can disrupt the nucleolar structural integrity, leading to nucleolar disintegration. Such disintegration can leave nucleolar components and products in autoantigenic forms, such as abnormal conformations or incomplete macromolecular assemblies. Recent research on DNA sensing pathways can now be incorporated into the hypothesis to provide further details explaining how autoantibodies to endogenous nucleic acids arise.
Do desert rodents form metacommunities?

Abstract Numerous model systems have informed classical ideas of the deterministic structure of natural communities. Although a number of important insights have been gained from desert rodents, little is known regarding the relative role of local environmental and spatial processes that embody the emerging metacommunity paradigm in structuring these model systems. We compared patterns of community composition based on environmental characteristics and estimates of spatial isolation by distance to test predictions characterizing contemporary models of metacommunity structure. Analyses were based on rodent community structure at 31 sites within the Mojave Desert. Consistent with previous studies of rodent communities, local environmental characteristics accounted for a significant amount of variation in community structure. Nonetheless, spatial isolation by distance contributed significantly to structure as well, even after accounting for the shared effect between environmental and spatial descriptors. Indeed, regional collections of rodent communities represent metacommunities and a metacommunity perspective promises to complement much that has been learned from primarily local perspectives. Examination of data suggested that the mass effects model of metacommunity structure may best describe regional patterns of species composition, at least for this data set. Moreover, 2 further important insights emerge from analyses. First, important life-history differences among taxa translate into different spatial effects that are likely due to dispersal abilities. Second, despite the spatially uncorrelated nature of environmental variation across our sampling array much of the structure of this metacommunity could be attributed to the shared effects of spatial and environmental characteristics. Typically, empirical analyses of metacommunity structure have attributed this variation to spatial structure generated by environmental spatial autocorrelation, but our analyses suggested that this component of variation may to some degree represent a unique yet underappreciated spatial effect. Moreover, this substantive component of variation suggests that prior analyses of empirical metacommunity structure provide conservative estimates of regional spatial effects and that the role of dispersal in determining metacommunity structure may be greater than is commonly considered.
A new plant community with the strictly endemic "Cirsium alpis-lunae" (Asteraceae) in the Northern Apennines (Italy) and considerations on the alliances "Senecionion samniti" and "Adenostylion alpinae"

We conducted a phytosociological study of the particular coenoses with presence of Cirsium alpis-lunae, a strictly endemic species living in marly-arenaceous montane screes of the Apennines between Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna and Marche. We surveyed all the reported locations and analyzed the coenological and ecological features of the communities by means of standard statistical methods, describing a new association, Laserpitio latifolii-Cirsietum alpis-lunae. We attributed the new association to Mulgedio-Aconitetea, but we noted in the literature some nomenclatural misinterpretations concerning the syntaxonomic treatment of this Apennine vegetation at the order and alliance level. We found that Adenostylion alpinae is the most suitable alliance to encompass Laserpitio latifolii-Cirsietum alpis-lunae and it cannot be considered a synonym of Senecionion samniti. Senecionion samniti was here lectotypified, and seems to be closer to Molinio-Arrhenetheretea than to Mulgedio-Aconitetea.
The Calendar Mindset: Scheduling Takes the Fun Out and Puts the Work In

Consumers often schedule their activities in an attempt to use their time more efficiently. Although the benefits of scheduling are well established, its potential downsides are not well understood. The authors examine whether scheduling uniquely undermines the benefits of leisure activities. In 13 studies using unambiguous leisure activities that consumers commonly schedule (e.g., movies, a coffee break), they find that scheduling a leisure activity (vs. experiencing it impromptu) makes it feel less free-flowing and more work-like. Furthermore, scheduling diminishes utility from leisure activities, in terms of both excitement in anticipation of the activities and experienced enjoyment. Importantly, the authors find that maintaining the free-flowing nature of the activity by “roughly scheduling” (without prespecified times) eliminates this effect, thus indicating that the effect is driven by a detriment from scheduling rather than by a boost from spontaneity. The reported findings highlight an important opportunity for marketers to improve consumers’ experiences and utility by leveraging scheduling behavior while also providing important implications for consumer well-being from leisure consumption.
Splicing factors PTBP 1 and PTBP 2 promote proliferation and migration of glioma cell lines

Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) is a multi-functional RNA-binding protein that is aberrantly overexpressed in glioma. PTBP1 and its brain-specific homologue polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTBP2) regulate neural precursor cell differentiation. However, the overlapping and non-overlapping target transcripts involved in this process are still unclear. To determine why PTBP1 and not PTBP2 would promote glial cell-derived tumours, both PTBP1 and PTBP2 were knocked down in the human glioma cell lines U251 and LN229 to determine the role of these proteins in cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion. Surprisingly, removal of both PTBP1 and PTBP2 slowed cell proliferation, with the double knockdown having no additive effects. Decreased expression of both proteins individually and in combination inhibited cell migration and increased adhesion of cells to fibronectin and vitronectin. A global survey of differential exon expression was performed following PTBP1 knockdown in U251 cells using the Affymetrix Exon Array to identify PTBP1-specific splicing targets that enhance gliomagenesis. In the PTBP1 knockdown, previously determined targets were unaltered in their splicing patterns. A single gene, RTN4 (Nogo) had significantly enhanced inclusion of exon 3 when PTBP1 was removed. Overexpression of the splice isoform containing exon 3 decreased cell proliferation to a similar degree as the removal of PTBP1. These results provide the first evidence that RNA-binding proteins affect the invasive and rapid growth characteristics of glioma cell lines. Its actions on proliferation appear to be mediated, in part, through alternative splicing of RTN4.
Controlling Motion Blur in Synthetic Long Time Exposures

In a photo, motion blur can be used as an artistic style to convey motion and to direct attention. In panning or tracking shots, a moving object of interest is followed by the camera during a relatively long exposure. The goal is to get a blurred background while keeping the object sharp. Unfortunately, it can be difficult to impossible to precisely follow the object. Often, many attempts or specialized physical setups are needed.
A Comprehensive Survey on Image Modality based Computerized Dry Eye Disease Detection Techniques

Article history: Received: 08 February, 2020 Accepted: 25 March, 2020 Online: 20 April, 2020 Dry Eye Disease (DED) is one of the commonly occurring chronic disease today, affecting the vision of eye. It causes severe discomfort in eye, visual disturbance and blurred vision impacting the quality of life of patients. Due to recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and rapid progress of analytics techniques, several image modality based computerized DED detection techniques are available in literature. These techniques transform image data into real and actionable insights and thus, provide new understanding and ways for better and quicker treatment. In addition, they assist ophthalmologist to diagnose dry eye disease precisely as well as to reduce the cost of healthcare. In this paper, we present a review on computerized DED detection techniques covering all available techniques. In addition, we present a parametric evaluation of these techniques based on our identified set of parameters. Though surveys on clinical DED detection techniques are available, this is the first attempt in literature to log down all computerized DED detection techniques at one place. Our survey will assist researchers and ophthalmologists to understand various technological advancements in the field of DED detection. As a little amount of work has been done in the field of automatizing dry eye disease detection, the field provides plenty of research opportunities to develop an automated efficient DED detection technique.