Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Development, Dentofacial Disharmony, and Its Surgical Correction on Speech: A Narrative Review for Dental Professionals

Speech is a communication method found only in humans that relies on precisely articulated sounds to encode and express thoughts. Anatomical differences in the maxilla, mandible, tooth position, and vocal tract affect tongue placement and broadly influence the patterns of airflow and resonance during speech production. Alterations in these structures can create perceptual distortions in speech known as speech sound disorders (SSDs). As craniofacial development occurs, the vocal tract, jaws, and teeth change in parallel with stages of speech development, from babbling to adult phonation. Alterations from a normal Class 1 dental and skeletal relationship can impact speech. Dentofacial disharmony (DFD) patients have jaw disproportions, with a high prevalence of SSDs, where the severity of malocclusion correlates with the degree of speech distortion. DFD patients often seek orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment, but there is limited familiarity among dental providers on the impacts of malocclusion and its correction on speech. We sought to review the interplay between craniofacial and speech development and the impacts of orthodontic and surgical treatment on speech. Shared knowledge can facilitate collaborations between dental specialists and speech pathologists for the proper diagnosis, referral, and treatment of DFD patients with speech pathologies.
Evaluation of School-age Hearing Screening Applications: The Tele-audiological Perspective

Objective: Hearing health is one of the areas that should be considered especially in childhood. School-age hearing screening (SAHS) is important for the detection and prevention of hearing loss. The aim of our study is to compare the use of teleaudiological applications for SAHS with standard SAHS applications and to determine possible similarities or differences between the methods. Methods: The study was carried out with a total of 224 students who were first-year students in the same primary school within the borders of Istanbul. The study was completed in two phases with a test session at 15-day intervals. In the first stage, video-otoscope images of all individuals who would be subjected to standard SAHS were recorded and tympanometry test was performed. In the second stage, SAHS results were recorded with the tele-audiological method. Results: According to the tympanometry results obtained from the participants, it was determined that the rate of abnormal hearing was 4.5%. According to the video-otoscope results, which were evaluated as asynchronous, the number of students suspected of dense earwax plug and membrane pathology was 6.7% in the left ear and 5.8 in the right ear. According to the SAHS method results, the average rate of passing and failing the test in the standard method was 12.9% in the right ear, and 12.9% in the left ear. According to the results of the tele-audiological method of the same student group, the rate of failing the test was 16.1% in the right ear and 15.2 in the left ear. Conclusion: Measuring tele-audiologically or using the standard method did not affect the test results. Accordingly, the test result is independent of whether the test is performed with the tele-audiological or standard method.
Effects of Light Shading, Fertilization, and Cultivar Type on the Stable Isotope Distribution of Hybrid Rice

The effect of fertilizer supply and light intensity on the distribution of elemental contents (%C and %N) and light stable isotopes (C, N, H, and O) in different rice fractions (rice husk, brown rice, and polished rice) of two hybrid rice cultivars (maintainer lines You-1B and Zhong-9B) were investigated. Significant variations were observed for δ13C (−31.3 to −28.3‰), δ15N (2.4 to 2.7‰), δ2H (−125.7 to −84.7‰), and δ18O (15.1‰ to 23.7‰) values in different rice fractions among different cultivars. Fertilizer treatments showed a strong association with %N, δ15N, δ2H, and δ18O values while it did not impart any significant variation for the %C and δ13C values. Light intensity levels also showed a significant influence on the isotopic values of different rice fractions. The δ13C values showed a positive correlation with irradiance. The δ2H and δ15N values decreased with an increase in the irradiance. The light intensity levels did not show any significant change for δ18O values in rice fractions. Multivariate ANOVA showed a significant interaction effect of different factors (light intensity, fertilizer concentration, and rice variety) on the isotopic composition of rice fractions. It is concluded that all environmental and cultivation factors mentioned above significantly influenced the isotopic values and should be considered when addressing the authenticity and origin of rice. Furthermore, care should be taken when selecting rice fractions for traceability and authenticity studies since isotopic signatures vary considerably among different rice fractions.
Decadal variations of Pacific Walker circulation tied to tropical Atlantic–Pacific trans-basin SST gradients

During the modern satellite-monitoring era since ∼1979, the observed Pacific Walker circulation (PWC) presented a pronounced strengthening and robust westward-shifting, defying the model-projected weakening response to anthropogenic warming. The exact cause for the PWC decadal intensification and the corresponding observation-model disagreement remains indecisive. Using two targeted experiments wherein sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical eastern Pacific and North Atlantic are separately restored to follow the observed history, we reveal that the North Atlantic-only SST warming and the tropical eastern Pacific-only SST cooling contribute partly to the PWC decadal adjustment. The North Atlantic SST warming triggers a significant westward displacement of PWC, while the tropical eastern Pacific SST cooling drives mainly the associated shifts of the large-scale atmospheric surface pressure centers. Further, we identify that the tropical Atlantic–eastern Pacific trans-basin SST gradients have dominated the PWC decadal variations over the past century. Our results highlight that a reliable representation of the simulated inter-basin warming contrast between the tropical Atlantic and the tropical eastern Pacific SSTs may be influential in correcting future projections of the PWC strength.
A Mechanistic Model of Ozone Transport by Planetary Waves in the Stratosphere

Abstract The role of planetary-scale waves in the transport of ozone in middle and high latitudes is studied with a linearized model which takes into account the coupling between radiation, chemistry and dynamics. The governing equations are a quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity equation and a continuity equation for perturbations of the O3 mixing ratio. These equations include the effects of absorption of solar radiation by O3, temperature-dependent O3 photochemistry and advection of O3 by wave motions. Model runs show that, with a basic state representative of winter conditions, ultralong waves can produce O3 perturbation which exhibit a phase shift of nearly 180° between the lower stratosphere (where the O3 perturbations are controlled by advection) and the upper stratosphere (where they are controlled by photochemical processes). This phase shift brings the O3 perturbation into phase with the eddy meridional velocity (and 180° out of phase with the eddy vertical velocity) at ∼45 km, giving rise to l.
Live experience of nursing students with internship program: A phenomenological study

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The internship is a program for transition of nursing students to the clinical setting. This study was conducted to describe and interpret the experiences of nursing students from the internship program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an interpretative phenomenological study following Van Menen's approach in six steps. Twelve nursing students were selected from 12 different universities in Iran from April to August 2020. Data was collected through 15 in-depth interviews (three supplementary interviews) over the course of 25–90 min and verbatim transcriptions. Data were analyzed with MAXQDA version 10 software. The researcher used four Guba and Lincoln criteria to obtain a rigorous study. RESULTS: In this study, three main themes and eight subthemes were extracted. The main themes included “professional identity development,” “moving toward professional self-efficacy,” and “developing coping strategies for workplace adversities. ” The subthemes were “promoting the cognition of profession,” “acceptance among colleagues as a nurse,” “accepting professional roles,” “self-awareness of weaknesses in patient care,” “self-reliance,” “advancing clinical skills,” “adopting effective coping strategies,” and “avoiding tension in clinical settings. ” CONCLUSION: Nursing internship students have experienced moving toward professionalization with professional identity and self-efficacy development, and they succeeded in clinical challenges by learning coping approaches.
MINIMAX OPTIMAL DESIGNS IN NONLINEAR REGRESSION MODELS

We consider the maximum variance optimality criterion of Elfving (1959) in the context of (nonlinear) response models. Some practical guidelines for the construction of minimax optimal designs are given. In some cases this criterion yields one point designs as a consequence of different scales of the elements in the Fisher information matrix. As an alternative a "standardized" maximum variance criterion is introduced and applied to the calculation of efficient designs. The results are illustrated for binary response models and it is demonstrated that in these models standardized minimax optimality should be prefered to ordinary minimax optimality.
Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Females with Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Background. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a common endocrine disorder prevalent in the Nepalese female population. Dyslipidemia, a prerequisite to the development of cardiovascular disease, links the thyroid profile and cardiovascular disease risk. This study is aimed at assessing the cardiovascular disease risk in females with SCH. Methods. This laboratory-based cross-sectional study was carried out at Manmohan Memorial Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, where 100 females with SCH and 100 euthyroid controls were included. Estimates of thyroid and lipid profiles were made, and lipid variables were used to calculate lipid indices. Results. In comparison to controls, females with SCH had significantly higher lipid profiles, thyroid profiles, and lipid indices but significantly lower HDL-C. The TSH ( p < 0.001 ), TG ( p = 0.039 ), VLDL ( p = 0.039 ), and AIP ( p = 0.031 ) were significantly associated with mild and severe SCH. AIP was significantly correlated with TSH ( r = 0.256 , p = 0.010 ) among SCH females. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that women with SCH are more likely to get CVD. Hence, timely monitoring of cardiovascular status among females with SCH is crucial, and it can be performed using simple lipid indices like AIP, AI, and LCI.
Outcomes and Complications of Radiological Gastrostomy vs. Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy for Enteral Feeding: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and percutaneous radiological gastrostomy (PRG) are commonly utilized to establish access to enteral nutrition. However, data comparing the outcomes of PEG vs. PRG are conflicting. Therefore, we aimed to conduct an updated systemic review and meta-analysis comparing PRG and PEG outcomes. Methods Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were searched until February 24, 2023. Primary outcomes included 30-day mortality, tube leakage, tube dislodgement, perforation, and peritonitis. Secondary outcomes included bleeding, infectious complications, and aspiration pneumonia. All analyses were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. Results The initial search revealed 872 studies. Of these, 43 of these studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. Of 471,208 total patients, 194,399 received PRG and 276,809 received PEG. PRG was associated with higher odds of 30-day mortality when compared to PEG (odds ratio (OR): 1.205, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.015 - 1.430, I2 = 55%). In addition, tube leakage and tube dislodgement were higher in the PRG group than in PEG (OR: 2.231, 95% CI: 1.184 - 4.2 and OR: 2.602, 95% CI: 1.911 - 3.541, respectively). Perforation, peritonitis, bleeding, and infectious complications were higher with PRG than PEG. Conclusion PEG is associated with lower 30-day mortality, tube leakage, and tube dislodgement rates than PRG.
Estimating the CDOM absorption coefficient in tropical inland waters using OLI/Landsat-8 images

ABSTRACT Coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is the most abundant dissolved organic matter (DOM) in many natural waters and can affect the water quality, such as the light penetration and the thermal properties of water system. So the objective of this letter was to estimate the CDOM absorption coefficient at 440 nm, aCDOM(440), in Barra Bonita Reservoir (São Paulo State, Brazil) using operational land imager (OLI)/Landsat-8 images. For this two field campaigns were conducted in May and October 2014. During the field campaigns remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) were measured using a TriOS hyperspectral radiometer. Water samples were collected and analysed to obtain the aCDOM(440). To predict the aCDOM(440) from Rrs at two key wavelengths (650 and 480 nm) were regressed against laboratory-derived aCDOM(440) values. The validation using in situ data of aCDOM(440) algorithm indicated a goodness of fit, R2 = 0.70, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 10.65%. The developed algorithm was applied to the OLI/Lansat-8 images. Distribution maps were created with OLI/Landsat-8 images based on the adjusted algorithm.
A Cellular Automaton Model Based on

A model is proposed that is based on certain aspects of senso ry cortex. The basic model is a cellular aut om ato n, where the cells r epresent sm all groups of neurons in th e cor t ex. All cells ar e locally interconnected with their three nearest neighb ours in each direction, a variable set of weights determines the s t rengt h of the connections . The output of the cell is a fun cti on of the weighted su m of th e inputs. Other variable parameters are the threshold and th e number of states. The model is shown to be able to exhibit a wid e range of behaviours analogous to the types of behaviour seen in other more general cellular automata. A subset of these behaviour types may be applicable to modelling the functions of sensory cortex.
Sulforaphane Inhibits Foam Cell Formation and Atherosclerosis via Mechanisms Involving the Modulation of Macrophage Cholesterol Transport and the Related Phenotype

Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate, is one of the major dietary phytochemicals found in cruciferous vegetables. Many studies suggest that SFN can protect against cancer and cardiometabolic diseases. Despite the proposed systemic and local vascular protective mechanisms, SFN’s potential to inhibit atherogenesis by targeting macrophages remains unknown. In this study, in high fat diet fed ApoE-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice, oral SFN treatment improved dyslipidemia and inhibited atherosclerotic plaque formation and the unstable phenotype, as demonstrated by reductions in the lesion areas in both the aortic sinus and whole aorta, percentages of necrotic cores, vascular macrophage infiltration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In THP-1-derived macrophages, preadministration SFN alleviated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury. Moreover, a functional study revealed that peritoneal macrophages isolated from SFN-treated mice exhibited attenuated cholesterol influx and enhanced apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux. Mechanistic analysis revealed that SFN supplementation induced both intralesional and intraperitoneal macrophage phenotypic switching toward high expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A/G member 1 (ABCA1/G1) and low expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), which was further validated by the aortic protein expression. These results suggest that the regulation of macrophages’ cholesterol transport and accumulation may be mainly responsible for SFN’s potential atheroprotective properties, and the regulatory mechanisms might involve upregulating ABCA1/G1 and downregulating CD36 via the modulation of PPARγ and Nrf2.
Review of the Interactions between Conventional Cementitious Materials and Heavy Metal Ions in Stabilization/Solidification Processing

In the past few decades, solidification/stabilization (S/S) technology has been put forward for the purpose of improving soil strength and inhibiting contaminant migration in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites. Cement, lime, and fly ash are among the most common and effective binders to treat contaminated soils. During S/S processing, the main interactions that are responsible for improving the soil’s behaviors can be summarized as gelification, self-hardening, and aggregation. Currently, precipitation, incorporation, and substitution have been commonly accepted as the predominant immobilization mechanisms for heavy metal ions and have been directly verified by some micro-testing techniques. While replacement of Ca2+/Si4+ in the cementitious products and physical encapsulation remain controversial, which is proposed dependent on the indirect results. Lead and zinc can retard both the initial and final setting times of cement hydration, while chromium can accelerate the initial cement hydration. Though cadmium can shorten the initial setting time, further cement hydration will be inhibited. While for mercury, the interference impact is closely associated with its adapted anion. It should be pointed out that obtaining a better understanding of the remediation mechanism involved in S/S processing will contribute to facilitating technical improvement, further extension, and application.
Musculoskeletal pain among medical students and its association with perceived stress level: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is common among medical students across the world. The present study was done to estimate the prevalence of MSP among medical students in the state of Sikkim, India, and to assess perceived stress levels among medical students and its association with MSP. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out at a private medical college in the state of Sikkim, India. Fifty students each from the third, fifth, seventh, and ninth semesters were included in the study. Students were asked to complete a questionnaire that included data regarding lifestyle habits and activities, the modified Nordic scale for MSP, perceived stress score (PSS-10), and Oswestry disability index (ODI) questionnaire. RESULTS: The majority (73%) of the participants reported one or more episodes of MSP in the past 12 months and 50% of them had pain in the past 7 days. No significant association was found between MSP and lifestyle habits, mean time spent on physical activities and sedentary behavior. The perceived stress level was significantly higher among those with MSP in the past 12 months (19.7 ± 5.6) (P-0.021), as well as in those who had MSP in the past 7 days (20.8 ± 5.5) (P-0.001). Severe pain was significantly associated with a higher perceived stress score (23 ± 5) (P-0.003). Students who had MSP in the past 12 months as well as in past 7 days had a higher quality of life score (9.8 ± 10.6, P-0.039 and 13 ± 10.9, P-0.000, respectively). CONCLUSION: The majority of our medical students have experienced musculoskeletal pain in the past 12 months, which is significantly associated with perceived stress and quality of life.
Efficacy and Safety of Biologics and Small Molecules for Moderate-to-Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Background: Treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is difficult and current guidelines are based mainly on expert opinion and non-randomized controlled trials. Recently, there have been some targeted therapies using uniform primary endpoints for outcome assessment. Objective: Recommendations can be provided on selecting biologics and targeted synthetic small molecules for refractory HS by comparing the efficacy and safety of these medications. Methods: Databases including ClinicalTrial.gov, Cochrane Library, and PubMed were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for moderate-to-severe HS were eligible. We performed random-effect network meta-analysis and ranking probability. The primary outcome was Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response (HiSCR) at 12–16 weeks. Secondary outcome included Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) 0/1, mean change of DLQI from baseline, and adverse effects. Results: A total of 12 RCTs involving 2915 patients were identified. Adalimumab, bimekizumab, secukinumab 300 mg q4w and secukinumab 300 mg q2w showed superiority to placebo in HiSCR at weeks 12 to 16. In addition, there was no significant difference between bimekizumab and adalimumab as measured by HiSCR (RR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.66–1.52) and DLQI 0/1 (RR = 2.40, 95% CI: 0.88–6.50). In terms of ranking probability for achieving HiSCR at 12–16 weeks, adalimumab ranked first, followed by bimekizumab, secukinumab 300 mg q4w, and secukinumab 300 mg q2w. All biologics and small molecules did not differ in the development of adverse effects compared to placebo. Conclusions: Adalimumab, bimekizumab, secukinumab 300 mg q4w and secukinumab 300 mg q2w represent four regimens that produce better outcomes than placebo without increased risk of adverse events. Adalimumab and bimekizumab exhibited best HiSCR and DLQI 0/1 between weeks 12–16.
SEVEN-YEAR STUDY OF FOODS OF MOURNING DOVES (ZENAIDA MACROURA) IN SOUTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO

Abstract In August and October 1982–1988, we collected 880 mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) in southeastern New Mexico to determine amounts and kinds of food items ingested and to evaluate variation in feeding habits by sex, age, time of day, month, and year. Crop contents did not differ significantly by sex, but did differ significantly by age, month, and year. Differences by age group may reflect differences in foraging ability between subadults and adults. Differences by month probably reflect differences in availability of food items. Differences by year may be related to differences in annual precipitation, although no such relationship was observed in this study. Crop contents also differed significantly by time of day collected, but this likely reflects activity patterns of birds and not true differences in diet. Resumen En agosto y octubre de 1982 a 1988 colectamos 880 palomas huilotas (Zenaida macroura) en el sureste de Nuevo México para determinar la cantidad y tipo de alimentos ingeridos, y para evaluar la variación en hábitos alimenticios por sexo, edad, hora del día, mes y año. Los contenidos del buche no fueron significativamente diferentes por sexo, pero sí por edad, mes y año. Las diferencias entre clases de edad pueden reflejar diferencias en la capacidad de forrajeo entre sub-adultos y adultos. Diferencias por mes probablemente reflejan diferencias en la disponibilidad de tipos de alimentos. Diferencias por año pueden relacionarse a diferencias en la precipitación anual, aunque tal relación no fue observada en este estudio. Los contenidos del buche fueron significativamente diferentes dependiendo de la hora del día, lo que probablemente representa patrones de actividad de estas aves y no verdaderas diferencias en dieta.