Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ICA69 regulates activity-dependent synaptic strengthening and learning and memory

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is one of the major cellular mechanisms for learning and memory. Activity-dependent increases in surface AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are important for enhanced synaptic efficacy during LTP. Here, we report a novel function of a secretory trafficking protein, ICA69, in AMPAR trafficking, synaptic plasticity, and animal cognition. ICA69 is first identified as a diabetes-associated protein well characterized for its function in the biogenesis of secretory vesicles and trafficking of insulin from ER, Golgi to post-Golgi in pancreatic beta cells. In the brain, ICA69 is found in the AMPAR protein complex through its interaction with PICK1, which binds directly to GluA2 or GluA3 AMPAR subunits. Here, we showed that ICA69 regulates PICK1's distribution in neurons and stability in the mouse hippocampus, which in turn can impact AMPAR function in the brain. Biochemical analysis of postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins from hippocampi of mice lacking ICA69 (Ica1 knockout) and their wild-type littermates revealed comparable AMPAR protein levels. Electrophysiological recording and morphological analysis of CA1 pyramidal neurons from Ica1 knockout also showed normal AMPAR-mediated currents and dendrite architecture, indicating that ICA69 does not regulate synaptic AMPAR function and neuron morphology at the basal state. However, genetic deletion of ICA69 in mice selectively impairs NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent LTP but not LTD at Schaffer collateral to CA1 synapses, which correlates with behavioral deficits in tests of spatial and associative learning and memory. Together, we identified a critical and selective role of ICA69 in LTP, linking ICA69-mediated synaptic strengthening to hippocampus-dependent learning and memory.
Economic global warming potentials

A reformulation of global warming potentials is propounded, that combines the time-horizon and discounting definitions, and covers both ordinary atmospheric forcing (via greenhouse gases) and its rate-of-change. Insofar as GWPs are used to guide investment and socioeconomic choices, there is merit in adopting cost-benefit techniques. The parametric equivalence of the two definitions applies for the ordinary atmospheric forcing; but for its rat-of-change, only the discounting definition gives realistic results, as shown in application to methane, a short-lived greenhouse gas.
Efficacy of newer insecticides against sucking pests of hybrid cotton in the western undulating zone of Odisha

The field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2014-15 and 2015-16 in the research field of the All India Coordinated Research Project on Cotton at the Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station (OUAT), Bhawanipatna situated in the Western Undulating Agro-climatic Zone of Odisha to study the field efficacy of newer insecticides against sucking pests of hybrid cotton. The trial was laid out in randomized block design with three replications taking DCH 32 as the test hybrid with eight treatments viz.T1: Buprofezin 25%SC @ 250 g a.i/ha, T2: Flonicamid 50% WG @ 75 g a.i/ha, T3: Flonicamid 50% WG @ 100 g a.i/ha, T4: NSKE 5% @ 5 ml/lt, T5: Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 g a.i/ha, T6: V. lacanii @ 10 g/lt, T7: M. anisopliae @ 10 g/lt and T8: Control (untreated). After three sprays the lowest mean population of jassids (1.19/3 leaves) was recorded in Flonicamid 50% WG @ 100 g a.i/ha and it was at par with Flonicamid 50% WG @ 75 g a.i/ha with (1.83/3 leaves) and second lowest mean jassids population was recorded in Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 g a.i/ha) with (2.28/3 leaves) as compared to the control (17.42/3 leaves). Similar trend was observed in case of aphids and thrips. After three sprays the lowest mean population of aphid and thrips were recorded in Flonicamid 50% WG @ 100 g a.i/ha with 2.17 and 0.61/ 3 leaves which was at par Flonicamid 50% WG @ 75 g a.i/ha (2.47 and 0.94/3 leaves) and Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 g a.i/ha (2.61 and 0.94/3 leaves) as compared to the untreated control with 24.75 aphids and 10.03 thrips/3 leaves. Maximum population of natural enemies was recorded in NSKE 5% @ 5 ml/lt. Maximum mean seed cotton yield (24.73 q/ha) was recorded in Flonicamid 50% WG @ 100 g a.i/ha, which was statistically at par with Flonicamid 50% WG @ 75 g a.i/ha with 23.79 q/ha, Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 g a.i/ha with 23.33 q/ha and Buprofezin 25%SC @ 250 g a.i/ha with 21.73 q/ha. The increase in seed cotton yield in Flonicamid 50% WG @ 100 g a.i/ha was 51.25% over the control. The maximum net return (Rs. 62,077/ha) and B:C ratio (2.52) was obtained with Flonicamid 50% WG @ 100 g a.i/ha followed by Flonicamid 50% WG @ 75 g a.i/ha (Rs. 59,216/ha and 2.49).
Triterpene Saponins from Entada phaseoloides

Four oleanane-type triterpene saponins, phaseoloideside A–D (1–4), were isolated from the seed kernels of Entada phaseoloides, along with rheediinoside B. The structures of the four new compounds were established by 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods, HR-ESI-MS analysis, and chemical degradation. Phaseoloideside D (4) showed cytotoxic activity against the Eca-109 cell line with an IC50 value of 28.0 μM.
Time evolution of an ion-ion plasma after the application of a direct current bias voltage

A one-dimensional fluid model was developed to investigate the time evolution of a positive ion-negative ion (ion-ion) plasma after the application of a direct current (dc) bias voltage. The ion mass and momentum continuity equations were coupled to the Poisson equation for the electric field. The applied bias is shielded and space charge sheaths are formed within the time scale of ion response (ion plasma frequency). When the ion collision frequency is low compared to the ion plasma frequency, electric field oscillations develop in the bulk due to the ion inertia (overshoot). The net charge density in the sheath, the sheath electric field, and the flux and energy of ions bombarding the electrodes all go through maximum values at a time comparable to the ion plasma frequency. Over long time scales the sheaths are in quasiequilibrium with the bulk plasma. At this time, the ion flux on each electrode is twice the free diffusion flux.
Postoperative C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio predicts poor prognosis in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radial cystectomy

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of the postoperative C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radial cystectomy. The present study retrospectively reviewed 102 patients who underwent radical cystectomy and were followed for ≥6 months postoperatively at our institution, and evaluated clinicopathological factors and laboratory parameters for cancer-specific survival (CSS) and extraurothelial recurrence-free survival (ERFS). Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model revealed that only postoperative CAR ≥0.27 [hazard ratio (HR), 3.368; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.674-6.731; P<0.001] was an independent factor for poor CSS rate. Higher postoperative CAR was also the only significant factor for shortened ERFS time (HR, 2.401; 95% CI, 1.196-4.684; P=0.015). No significant association was identified between postoperative CAR ≥0.27 and any pathological factors or postoperative laboratory markers besides postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Furthermore, postoperative CAR (≥0.27) was an independent factor for poor CSS and ERFS rates in 48 patients with advanced pT stage (≥pT3) in the multivariate analysis (P=0.026 and P=0.036, respectively). A higher postoperative CAR value can provide additional information about the possibility of poor CSS and ERFS rates in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy.
Is assessing trunk muscle endurance in military with sub-acute and chronic low back pain clinically meaningful?

Introduction Trunk muscle endurance (TME) tests are commonly used by clinicians to assess muscle performance changes in response to rehabilitation in patients with low back pain (LBP). The aim of this study was to assess the responsiveness of three TME-tests in patients with LBP and to evaluate the relationships between changes in TME and improvement in self-reported function. Materials and Methods Eighty-four LBP patients were evaluated at baseline and after completion of a 6-week training program. Function was assessed with the modified Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) while TME was estimated using three tests: (1) the Biering-Sørensen, (2) the side bridge endurance tests (both sides), and (3) the trunk flexor endurance test. The standardized response mean (SRM) and the minimal clinical important difference (MCID) for each TME-test, and the relationships between changes in TME and improvement in ODI were calculated. Results SRMs were small to large for TME-tests (range: 0.43–0.82), and large for the ODI (2.85) and no clinically useful MCID was identified for the TME-tests (area under the curve below 0.70). No significant correlations were found between changes in the TME and change in ODI scores (r < 0.15; all P > 0.05). Conclusion Our results show a weak responsiveness of TME-tests in patients with LBP. There was no association between endurance performance change and self-reported functional change. TME-tests may not be a key component of rehabilitation monitoring in patients with LBP.
Amine induced Z-DNA in poly(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC): Circular dichroism and gel electrophoresis study

Spermine and [Co(NH3)6]3+ are known to induce the B → Z transition in poly(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC) DNA. In this paper gel electrophoresis shift assays using the long DNA poly(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC) are developed to complement circular dichroism (CD) measurements of the conformation of the DNA in the presence of amines including spermine, spermidine, [Co(NH3)6]3+, (+)-[Co(en)3]3+ and (−)-[Co(en)3]3+ (en: ethylenediamine). CD is used to monitor the average conformation of the DNA and the gels show when there is a population of a given type of DNA in the solution. Spermidine is found to induce the transition at very low ionic strength, in contrast to literature wisdom. The cobalt amine-induced Z-DNA melts, with a broad transition, at a lower temperature than B-DNA. The electrophoresis data shows the presence of a DNA more flexible than B-DNA at low amine concentrations. This is ascribed to the existence of B/Z junctions. At higher amine concentrations, a DNA (Z-DNA) that is stiffer than B-DNA is observed. The Z-DNA induced by spermine is stiffer (runs more slowly on the gels) than that induced by the other amines. The spermine–DNA interaction is found to be very cooperative, whereas that of the cobalt amines is uncooperative. The kinetics of the B → Z transition with spermine at room temperature is very slow, whereas the cobalt amines induce it within seconds.
Adherence to antipsychotic laboratory monitoring guidelines in children and youth: a population-based study

Background In 2011, the Canadian Alliance for Monitoring Effectiveness and Safety of Antipsychotics in Children (CAMESA) published guidelines for the metabolic monitoring of antipsychotic-treated children and youth. Population-based studies examining adherence to these guidelines are needed to ensure the safe use of antipsychotics in children and youth. Methods We conducted a population-based study of all Ontario residents aged 0 to 24 who were newly dispensed an antipsychotic between April 1, 2018, and March 31, 2019. We estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associating sociodemographic characteristics with the receipt of baseline and follow-up (3- and 6-month) laboratory testing using log-Poisson regression models. Results Overall, 6,505 of 27,718 (23.5%) children and youth newly dispensed an antipsychotic received at least one guideline-recommended baseline test. Monitoring was more prevalent among individuals aged 10 to 14 years (PR 1.20; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.38), 15 to 19 years (PR 1.60; 95% CI 1.41 to 1.82), and 20 to 24 years (PR 1.71; 95% CI 1.50 to 1.94) compared to children under the age of 10. Baseline monitoring was associated with mental health-related hospitalizations or emergency department visits in the year preceding therapy (PR 1.76; 95% CI 1.65 to 1.87), a prior diagnosis of schizophrenia (PR 1.20; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.26) or diabetes (PR 1.35; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.54), benzodiazepine use (PR 1.13; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.24), and receipt of a prescription from a child and adolescent psychiatrist or developmental pediatrician versus a family physician (PR 1.41; 95% CI 1.34 to 1.48). Conversely, monitoring was less frequent in individuals co-prescribed stimulants (PR 0.83; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.91). The prevalence of any 3- and 6-month follow-up monitoring among children and youth receiving continuous antipsychotic therapy at these time points was 13.0% (1,179 of 9,080) and 11.4% (597 of 5,261), respectively. Correlates of follow-up testing were similar to those of baseline monitoring. Conclusion Most children initiating antipsychotic therapy do not receive guideline-recommended metabolic laboratory monitoring. Further research is needed to understand reasons for poor guideline adherence and the role of clinician training and collaborative service models in promoting best monitoring practices.
Clinical characteristics and primary outcomes of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis and central diabetes insipidus

Introduction Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is characterized by systemic small-vessel vasculitis and may rarely present as central diabetes insipidus (CDI). In this study, we aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with AAV-associated CDI. Methods This was a nested case-control study where AAV patients with CDI at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital were followed from January 2012 to April 2022. Case-control matching with AAV patients without CDI was performed (1:5), and participants were matched by age, sex, and AAV classification. We collected clinical data every 3–6 months and conducted a literature review using PubMed to identify relevant articles published from 1983–2022. Results Among 1203 hospitalized AAV patients, 16 patients with CDI were included (1.3%). The average age was 49 years, and men accounted for 56.3%. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) accounted for 87.5% of patients. AAV patients with CDI had more ear, nose, and throat (ENT) (81.3%) involvement and less renal impairment than those in the control group (P<0.05). After a mean follow-up of four years, 50% of patients were in remission from AAV, 37.5% relapsed, and 12.5% died. Our literature review suggested that patients in Asian countries tend to be older men and have higher myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA) positivity than those in Western countries. Furthermore, proteinase 3 (PR3-ANCA) positivity may predict disease recurrence. Discussion AAV patients with CDI had more ENT involvement and a higher eGFR. MPO-ANCA positivity is more commonly observed in Asian countries than Western countries, and PR3-ANCA positivity may predict recurrence.
The principles of chemical equilibrium : with applications in chemistry and chemical engineering

Preface to the first edition Preface to the fourth edition List of symbols Values of physical constants Part I. The Principles of Thermodynamics: 1. First and second laws 2. Auxiliary functions and conditions of equilibrium Part II. Reaction and Phase Equilibria: 3. Thermodynamics of gases 4. Equilibria of reactions involving gases 5. Phase rule 6. Phase equilibria in single component systems 7. General properties of solutions and the Gibbs-Duhem equation 8. Ideal solutions 9. Non-ideal solutions 10. Reaction equilibrium in solution Part III. Thermodynamics in Relation to the Existence of Molecules: 11. Statistical analogues of entropy and free energy 12. Partition function of a perfect gas 13. Perfect crystals and the third law 14. Configurational energy and entropy 15. Chemical equilibrium in relation to chemical kinetics Appendix Index.
Analysis of circadian rhythm components in EEG/EMG data of aged mice

Aging disrupts circadian clocks, as evidenced by a reduction in the amplitude of circadian rhythms. Because the circadian clock strongly influences sleep–wake behavior in mammals, age-related alterations in sleep–wake patterns may be attributable, at least partly, to functional changes in the circadian clock. However, the effect of aging on the circadian characteristics of sleep architecture has not been well assessed, as circadian behaviors are usually evaluated through long-term behavioral recording with wheel-running or infrared sensors. In this study, we examined age-related changes in circadian sleep–wake behavior using circadian components extracted from electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) data. EEG and EMG were recorded from 12 to 17-week-old and 78 to 83-week-old mice for 3 days under light/dark and constant dark conditions. We analyzed time-dependent changes in the duration of sleep. Rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep significantly increased during the night phase in old mice, whereas no significant change was observed during the light phase. The circadian components were then extracted from the EEG data for each sleep–wake stage, revealing that the circadian rhythm in the power of delta waves during NREM sleep was attenuated and delayed in old mice. Furthermore, we used machine learning to evaluate the phase of the circadian rhythm, with EEG data serving as the input and the phase of the sleep–wake rhythm (environmental time) as the output. The results indicated that the output time for the old mice data tended to be delayed, specifically at night. These results indicate that the aging process significantly impacts the circadian rhythm in the EEG power spectrum despite the circadian rhythm in the amounts of sleep and wake attenuated but still remaining in old mice. Moreover, EEG/EMG analysis is useful not only for evaluating sleep–wake stages but also for circadian rhythms in the brain.
Structure of Na2O–CaO–P2O5–SiO2 Glass–Ceramics with Multimodal Porosity

We have investigated the evolution of the structure of nano–macro porous CaO–Na2O–P2O5–SiO2 bioactive glass–ceramics by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A controlled devitrification, followed by a chemical leaching treatment is used to produce a multimodal distribution of nano/macro pores that are expected to improve cell attachment. Data show that the leaching process removes the sodium- and calcium-containing crystalline phases that are formed during the ceramming heat treatment. The primary Si–O peaks in the infrared spectra blue shift with leaching, indicating that the sample becomes SiO2 rich. In parallel, the fraction of nonbridging oxygen decreases. These results suggest a restructuring of the glass network far below the glass transition temperature. The stresses from leaching, capillary forces, and subsequent restructuring develop and grow, eventually producing cracks in the sample.
Molybdenum and Tungsten Tricarbonyl Complexes of Isatin with Triphenylphosphine

Reaction of M(CO)6; M = Mo or W with isatin in the presence of triphenylphosphine in THF under reduced pressure gave the tricarbonyl derivatives complexes [M(CO)3(isatH)(PPh3)]. The two complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, mass and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The spectroscopic studies show that the two complexes exist in fac- and mer-isomers in solutions through exchange the CO group and PPh3. The Uv-Vis spectra of the complexes in different solvents were studied.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of β-Carotene from Waste Carrot Residue: Effect of Operating Parameters and Type of Ultrasonic Irradiation

Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of β-carotene was investigated using two sources of ultrasonic irradiations providing understanding into effects of important operating parameters as well as exploring the use of vegetable oils as novel solvents. Using ultrasonic horn, maximum extraction yield of β-carotene as 83.32% was obtained with 50 min of ultrasound irradiation, 50°C temperature, 100 W power, 60% duty cycle, and solid to solvent ratio of 0.3:20 (g/mL of solvent) whereas using ultrasonic bath, maximum extraction yield of β-carotene as 64.66% was obtained under optimized operating parameters. Operating UAE in stepwise manner resulted in higher extraction yields of β-carotene.
Effect of Adsorbed Phosphate on Transport of Arsenate through an Oxisol

Competitive oxyanion adsorption can increase the mobility of toxic trace elements in soils leading to groundwater contamination and a potential threat to the environment. We conducted a study to determine how phosphate fertilization might affect arsenate mobility in soil. The competitive nature of sorbed phosphate on arsenate mobility was investigated using laboratory soil columns constructed from an aggregated Oxisol. The soil was incubated with four levels of phosphate (0-48.6 mmol P kg -1 ) before being leached with 0.66 mmol KH 2 AsO 4 L -1 in 0.05 M KCl. Arsenate mobility was greatly enhanced by treatment with increasing amounts of phosphate. The As breakthrough curves (BTCs) were divided into two phases. The initial phase of arsenate interaction was consistent with ligand exchange of Me-OH? groups, where Me is the coordinating metal atom at the oxide surface. This phase was characterized by the constant pH of the effluent. The second phase was consistent with ligand exchange of As with Me-OH groups and surface-completed P. The asymmetry of the As BTCs suggested that the physical structure of the matrix influenced the convective flow path of the As and subsequently its reaction and movement through the soil.
Sorption characteristics of biological powdered activated carbon in BPAC-MF (biological powdered activated carbon-microfiltration) system for refractory organic removal

The sorption characteristic of biological powdered activated carbon (BPAC) were investigated in a hybrid membrane process which was accomplished by introducing powdered activated carbon (PAC) into a crossflow microfiltration system and seeding microorganisms. This combined process was designated BPAC-MF and could be an alternative system for reclamation of secondary sewage effluent. Experiments were carried out to identify the ability of BPAC to remove various dissolved refractory organic matter in secondary sewage effluents such as peptone, beef extract, lauryl sulfate, humic acid, tannin, lignin and gum arabic. Adsorption test by fresh powdered activated carbon (PAC) showed significantly different adsorption characteristics for each organic substance. These adsorption characteristics were identified by the analysis of gel permeable chromatography (GPC). The sorptive capacity of BPAC was almost four times higher than that of fresh PAC. This phenomenon could be explained from the sorption capacity of PAC and BPAC for each substance. For the hardly adsorbable refractory organics, humic acid and gum arabic, the sorption capacity of bPAC was 12.1 and 8.7 mg/g respectively. These values are significantly high compared with 3.6 and 0.2 mg/g obtained by PAC. It was estimated that the enhanced sorption capacity of BPAC was due to the stimulation of activated carbon adsorption by biological effect.