Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human capital inequalities : family structure matters

Ces dernieres decennies, la famille a connu des changements majeurs dans la majorite des pays de l’OCDE. D’une part, le taux de fertilite a baisse ; d’autre part, le nombre de separation a fortement augmente. Cette these se propose d’etudier les effets de ces changements de la structure familiale sur le capital humain des individus, en l’envisageant comme une nouvelle source d’inegalites. Dans un cadre micro-economique, cette these mobilise les outils econometriques pour les appliquer a de larges bases de donnees. Les trois chapitres de cette these presentent des resultats nouveaux sur l’effet de la separation parentale et de la taille de la famille sur le capital humain de l’individu. Le premier chapitre porte sur l’effet de la separation parentale en France sur la reussite professionnelle des individus, et montre un effet negatif de la separation parentale sur le niveau d’etude et la position sociale de l’individu. En s’appuyant sur des donnees americaines, le second chapitre s’interesse aux mecanismes expliquant cet effet, et en particulier, sur les changements du temps passe avec les parents. Ainsi, 30% de l’effet de la separation parentale sur le developpement socio-emotionnel des enfants serait explique par la baisse du temps passe avec au moins un parent present. Le troisieme chapitre considere un autre aspect de la structure familiale : la taille de la famille. Nous trouvons que l’arrivee d’un troisieme enfant dans la famille diminue les competences socio-emotionnelles des autres enfants, en particulier chez les filles.
The Evolution of Leakage and Retirement Asset Flows in the U.S.

We study flows between retirement savings accounts from 2003 to 2015, providing the most comprehensive estimates to date of leakage from tax-preferred retirement savings accounts to pre-retirement age individuals. To do so, we create a nationally-representative panel of individuals using administrative tax data, and calculate their retirement contributions, distributions, and transfers between accounts. We estimate that 20 percent of individual contributions to defined contribution accounts made by individuals age 47 or younger leave the retirement system within eight years. Additionally, we estimate the effect of life events on the probability of leakage using event study designs. We find that the probability of leakage increases by 250 percent when an individual changes jobs. Other types of events, such as income shocks, home purchases, and the onset of tuition payments are associated with smaller leakage effect sizes.
Analysis of interaction among the factors affecting delay in construction projects using interpretive structural modelling approach

Abstract This article identifies and analyse the critical factors affecting delay in construction projects in India and develops a model based on the mutual interaction of these factors using interpretive structural modelling approach. The article also identifies the ‘driving factors’ (i.e. the factors that influence the other factors) and the ‘dependent factors’ (i.e. the factors that are influenced by others) using MICMAC analysis. Twelve factors are identified as the most critical factors affecting delay through literature review and expert opinion. An ISM model is developed, with the help of five experts, (three from industry and two from academia). The findings of ISM suggest that lack of proper construction methodology and sequencing is the root cause (i.e. driving factor) that is causing delay, hence at the bottom of the model. Lack of defined project management plan, lack of proper contracting strategy, inter dependencies and evaluation of the contractor not considered in advance and poor project monitoring, are intermediate causes positioned at the middle of the model. Overlook of design review timelines, shortage of material, poor contract management, conflict between owners and other party, rework due to non-compliance in quality or poor workmanship and poor site management and supervision are the dependent factors getting affecting by level two factors as well have an interrelationship among themselves.
Neural Adaptive Control for MEMS Gyroscope With Full-State Constraints and Quantized Input

In this article, we investigate the neural adaptive quantized control problem for microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope with full-state constraints and lumped disturbances. With two different kinds of one-to-one nonlinear mappings, the traditional gyroscope model with matched disturbances is transformed into an unconstrained one with both unmatched and matched disturbances, thus the predefined time-varying state constraints imposed on MEMS gyroscope can be achieved. To compensate for the lumped disturbances, a state estimator-based minimal learning parameter neural network is proposed to obtain fast and smooth disturbance estimates for both position and velocity control loops, which not only can eliminate the poor transient behaviors that widely appear in the available neural adaptive control with a large adaptive gain, but also greatly reduce the number of leaning parameters updated online. Furthermore, by employing a hysteresis logarithmic quantizer, the neglected difficulty, named as constrained data bandwidth of actuator can be overcome with less chattering in control signal, which is more convenient to implement. Finally, the neural adaptive control for MEMS gyroscope is developed such that satisfactory tracking performance is achieved despite of large disturbances, full-state constraints as well as quantized input. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed control method are demonstrated through extensive simulations.
HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS IN IRAQI BUFFALO "BUBALUS BUBALIS" WITH REFERRING TO THE SEASONAL CHANGES

The present study included the collection of thyroid and parathyroid glands from the abattoirs of middle of Iraq in Summer and Winter seasons 2006-2007. The samples were fixed by 10% formalin and processed by the routine histological techniques, then stained by H and E, PAS and Van Gieson stain, then studied under light microscope. Dimensions were measured by ocular micrometer. Analysis of data was done by T-test. The most striking result declared that the thyroid gland showed no differences in histological characters between both seasons as the buffalo was poor thermoregulator animal. It is tempting to speculate that the thyroid gland provide an adaptive advantage for survival of the buffalo in the nature arid environment. The parafollicular cells (C-cells) were sparse and found singly in the thyroid glands. Flat dark nuclei of myoepithelial cells were recognized around the thyroid follicles. This study was referred to the presence of accessory thyroid gland which contains simple follicular epithelium, and little amount of the colloid. Our current study revealed the presence of internal and external parathyroids. The oxyphilic cells in the internal parathyroid gland were not observed. Note: this work in part of Master Science Thesis, submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University.
Properties and application of multi-functional and structurally colored textile prepared by magnetron sputtering

Adopting magnetron sputtering continuous automatic production line equipment for industrial production, polyester fabrics as the substrates were coated with nano-Ag/TiO2 composite films prepared by direct current sputtering method and direct current/radio frequency reactive sputtering method, respectively. The microstructure of Ag/TiO2 composite films deposited on the surface of the fabrics was dense and uniform. Structural colors were generated on the surface of the fabrics coated with the composite films and the coloring mechanism was consistent with the single-layer film interference principle. The color fastness, mechanical properties, comfortable properties were not significantly changed and had better antistatic property, anti-ultraviolet property, and antibacterial property compared with the original polyester fabrics. Therefore, the multi-functional and structurally colored fabrics can be prepared by magnetron sputtering technology, and can achieve industrial production, and have wide application prospects in apparel, home textile, and so on.
An optimized harmonic elimination method based on synchronizedmicrocontroller architecture

This paper proposes an optimized synchronous PWM method for harmonic elimination in a quasi square wave inverter. The synchronized PWM method enables online harmonic computation and PWM pulse generation in a multitasking digital controller to eliminate lower order harmonics. The multitasking digital controller reduces the look-up table requirement and helps in realizing efficient implementation to eliminate dominant harmonics. This method offers a simple scalable solution for combined fifth and seventh harmonic elimination using two low-cost eight-bit PIC microcontrollers (PIC18F4550, PIC18F452). Experimental results are demonstrated for a single-phase three-level inverter. The proposed method achieves 90$\% $ reduction of fifth and seventh harmonic components from a quasi square wave inverter output.
The structure and global distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum network are actively regulated by lysosomes

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) comprises morphologically and functionally distinct domains, sheets and interconnected tubules. These domains undergo dynamic reshaping, in response to changes in the cellular environment. However, the mechanisms behind this rapid remodeling within minutes are largely unknown. Here, we report that ER remodeling is actively driven by lysosomes, following lysosome repositioning in response to changes in nutritional status. The anchorage of lysosomes to ER growth tips is critical for ER tubule elongation and connection. We validate this causal link via the chemo- and optogenetically driven re-positioning of lysosomes, which leads to both a redistribution of the ER tubules and its global morphology. Lysosomes sense metabolic change in the cell and regulate ER tubule distribution accordingly. Dysfunction in this mechanism during axonal extension may lead to axonal growth defects. Our results demonstrate a critical role of lysosome-regulated ER dynamics and reshaping in nutrient responses and neuronal development.
Feature-specific patterns of attention and functional connectivity in human visual cortex

Attending to different features of a scene can alter the responses of neurons in early- and mid- level visual areas but the nature of this change depends on both the (top down) attentional task and the (bottom up) visual stimulus. One outstanding question is the spatial scale at which cortex is modulated by attention to low-level stimulus features such as shape, contrast and orientation. It is unclear whether the recruitment of neurons to particular tasks occurs at an area level or at the level of intra-areal sub-populations, or whether the critical factor is a change in the way that areas communicate with each other. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and psychophysics, to ask how areas known to be involved in processing different visual features (orientation, contrast and shape) are modulated as participants switch between tasks based on those features while the visual stimulus itself is effectively constant. At a univariate level, we find almost no feature-specific bottom-up or top-down responses in the areas we examine. However, multivariate analyses reveal a complex pattern of voxel-level modulation driven by attentional task. Connectivity analyses also demonstrate flexible and selective patterns of connectivity between early visual areas as a function of attentional focus. Overall, we find that attention alters the sensitivity and connectivity of neuronal subpopulations within individual early visual areas but, surprisingly, not the univariate response amplitudes of the areas themselves.
LOSS AVERSION AND RISK-SEEKING IN KOREA–JAPAN RELATIONS

Abstract Since Korea's transition to democracy in 1987, Korean leaders have become increasingly confrontational toward Japan, with such steps ranging from verbal threats filled with hawkish rhetoric to material threats, such as displays of military force and threats of actually using it. To explain South Korean leaders’ hawkish approach to Japan, we build a theory of “prospective diversion” by combining insights from the diversionary theory of international conflict and prospect theory. We argue that foreign policy leaders have a strong tendency to overvalue political losses relative to comparable gains in their approval ratings. As a result, they are inclined to take risk-seeking diplomatic actions toward foreign adversary to avoid further losses. By conducting statistical analyses and developing case studies of Korean leaders’ confrontational policy decisions regarding Japan, we present empirical findings consistent with our hypothesis that Korean leaders are inclined to engage in prospective diversion toward Japan when they suffer domestic losses. This article provides an enhanced understanding of the domestic political foundation of South Korean leaders’ increasingly contentious attitude toward Japan.
Two Nanoporous Crystalline Forms of Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)oxide and Related Co-Crystalline Forms

Extensive characterizations, mainly by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques, are reported for co-crystalline (CC) poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)oxide (PPO) films with many different low-molecular-mass guest molecules. These characterizations are also reported for the corresponding nanoporous crystalline (NC) phases, as obtained by suitable guest-removal procedures. Two well-separated NC forms, hereafter named α and β, are obtained by guest removal from two well-separated groups of CC forms. α and β NC forms can be easily recognized by reflections in WAXD patterns as well as by suitable FTIR crystalline peaks. Density and degree of crystallinity measurements confirm that both NC phases exhibit a density definitely smaller than for the amorphous phase (ρam = 1.04 g/cm3 > ρβ = 0.95 g/cm3 > ρα = 0.93 g/cm3). Density functional theory calculations combined with geometrical analysis on PPO model systems indicate conformations suitable to fit the observed chain p.
Water quality study in several seaweeds culture sites in the post-earthquake-tsunami Palu Central, Sulawesi Province

On September 28, 2018 the Palu City and its surroundings experienced an earthquake of M 7.4 and Tsunami. This incident had a major impact on the community, especially seaweed farmers. The study aims to determine the effect of water quality on the production of seaweeds (Kappaphycus alvarezii and Spinosum sp) post-earthquake-tsunami in Central Sulawesi. This study are located Parigi Moutong and Donggala Regency. The research variables were observed include quality of the seawater and seaweeds production before-after the earthquake-tsunami Palu. Suitability of seaweed culture identification using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the location most suitable seaweeds culture is at a spacing of 300-500 meters from the river mouth while the water quality such as temperature, salinity, brightness, depth, dissolved oxygen, pH, surface current, pH, phosphate, nitrate, TDS and TSS, still within acceptable limits for the growth and production of seaweeds. Gracilaria sp. can no longer becultivated after an earthquake disaster due to the pond water quality not supporting its growth. Spinosum sp is more cultivated than Kappaphycus alvarezii in Parimo and Donggala, with a decrease in seaweeds production 50-60% after the earthquake-Tsunami Palu.
THE PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY RATING EVALUATION OF A HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP PROTOTYPE WITH HEIGHT VARIATIONS

Initially, the prototype of a hydraulic ram pump was built using affordable tools and materials. Next, the experiment is divided into two stages. First, the experiment will evaluate the effect of different elevations of output pipe using three height variations (2, 3, 4 meters respectively) and two input discharge variations (7 and 8 liters/min respectively). The data collected from the experiment will yield six combinations of output discharge data which then be analyzed and discussed later in this paper. Second, the efficiency of this hydraulic ram pump will be calculated using a simple efficiency formula using the data output of the previous experiment. After that, the correlations between the height of the output pipe, input discharge, and efficiency will be concluded. Finally, the results showed that the highest efficiency (7.7%) was achieved using 8 L/min input discharge combined with 2 meters elevated output pipe. While the lowest efficiency (1.4%) was achieved using 7 L/min input discharge combined with 4 meters elevated output pipe.
Theinfluence Of Entry Order With Market Share Moderated By Technology Change Case In Manufacture Industries At Indonesia

The changes in business environment cancreate an opportunity for the firms to become the pioneer or follower in achieving market share. Previous studies about entry order (pioneer and follower) and market share were done either in fully developed or developed economic settings. None has taken place in an emerging or developing economic, particularly Indonesia. Indonesian manufacture industries were important economic sectorin the nation development. Thus, this study intends to examine the relationship between entry order and market share. Furthermore, this study also investigate the moderating of technology change. Data were collected through mail survey and personal interviews addressed to 110 CEOs. The research hypotheses were tested by using Hierarchical Regression Analysis (HRA). The study generates three major findings. Firstly, the research proves that pioneer and early follower are significant differences withmarket share and than pioneer company performs better than early follower. Secondly, this research found that there is a positive relationship between entry orderwith market share.Thirdly, the research found that technology change positive and significant influence the relationshif of entry order and market share.
SMART AND EASY SHOPPING SYSTEM USING IOT

: The Internet Of Things (IoT) refers to the connection of objects together, changing human lives. For an instance, in a supermarket all items can be connected with each other, forming a smart shopping system. In such IoT system, an inexpensive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) card is attached to each item. Generally, customers collect the items to be purchased and wait for long hours at billing section. To avoid such situation a smart shopping cart is proposed, which is equipped with RFID reader along with raspberry pi automatically reads the price and details. As a result, the billing can be conducted from the shopping cart itself. In addition to this, smart shelving can also be added into this system to monitor stock and update a central server. Another advantage of this system is that inventory management becomes much easier, as all the items are read automatically instead of scanning manually by workers. In this project we represent the requirements of a smart shopping system.
Different principles govern different scales of brain folding

The signature folds of the human brain are formed through a complex and developmentally regulated process. In vitro and in silico models of this process demonstrate a random pattern of sulci and gyri, unlike the highly ordered and conserved structure seen in the human cortex. Here, we account for the large-scale pattern of cortical folding by combining advanced fetal MRI with nonlinear diffeomorphic registration and volumetric analysis. Our analysis demonstrates that in utero brain growth follows a logistic curve, in the absence of an external volume constraint. The Sylvian fissure forms from interlobar folding, where separate lobes overgrow and close an existing subarachnoid space. In contrast, other large sulci, which are the ones represented in existing models, fold through an invagination of a flat surface, a mechanistically different process. Analyzing local variations in volumetric expansion rates, we demonstrate that the three phases of the logistic curve correspond to three different phases of folding - interlobar, large sulcal, and secondary folding. Cortical folding is driven by multiple spatially and temporally different mechanisms, therefore regionally distinct biological process may be responsible for the global geometry of the adult brain. SIGNIFICANCE Understanding brain folding is key to recognizing the functional differentiation of the brain and how neurodevelopmental disorders disrupt this process. Previous reports have modeled this process in animal models, in vitro, and in silico. Nevertheless, we do not have a thorough understanding of normal human fetal brain folding during gestation. Here, we use in utero fetal MRI to demonstrate three spatiotemporally distinct phases of folding.
MGAUM: a new framework for the mobile government service adoption in Saudi Arabia

Many governments are now taking advantage of the latest developments in mobile technology to take the digital delivery of government information and services (e-government) to their citizens, companies and other government agencies a stage further. Accessing government information and services via a mobile device (m-government) also has unique advantages over e-government, not least enabling users to access government services at any time and from any location. Nevertheless, many Arab countries including Saudi Arabia, are experiencing a low adoption rate of these services, and face a number of issues related to adoption, implementation and use. In spite of this, a review of the literature shows that little research into identifying and understanding the factors that influence adoption of m-government services by citizens from citizens’ and providers’ perspectives in these countries has been conducted. Thus, this research aims to investigate and analyze factors that can impact Saudi citizens’ intention to adopt and use m-government services in Saudi Arabia; and to provide the knowledge needed to ensure a high level of success when implementing m-government services in this context. This research has developed a model called the Mobile Government Adoption and Utilization Model (MGAUM) based on a critical analysis of the literature that relates to acceptance of technology, along with insights from several models and theories commonly used to analyze acceptance and usage of technologies. The MGAUM focuses on understanding and analysing factors that could influence citizens’ adoption and use of Saudi m-government services from two different perspectives: that of Saudi citizens, and that of key officials responsible for implementing e-government and m-government services in Saudi ministries. A ‘quantitative dominant’ mixed method was used, with a quantitative primary method and additional qualitative method as complementary. A survey was used to collect quantitative data, and the final sample consisted of 1,286 valid responses. The survey revealed that Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Perceived Mobility (PM), Social Influence (SI) and Perceived Compatibility (PCOM), Perceived Trust (PT), Culture (CULT), Citizen Service Quality (CSQ) and System Quality (SQ) were the most significant factors affecting citizens’ intention to adopt and use m-government services. Semi-structured interviews with key officials responsible for e-government and m-government in eight Saudi ministries were conducted to obtain qualitative data. From these managers’ perspectives, all the factors were considered significant apart from Culture. This study provides several recommendations based on the result of the quantitative and qualitative investigations into the field of m-government services for government agencies, m-services providers and practitioners.