Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An epidemiological study of postnatal depression among women availing maternal health services in rural areas of Belagavi, Karnataka, India

Background: Postnatal depression is an important public health issue exhibiting the strongest link to adverse child outcomes and also maternal morbidity. Objectives were to study the prevalence of Postnatal depression among mothers and to identify the factors associated with depressive symptoms among post-natal mothers . Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted from January 2016 to June 2016 in two rural areas among 300 women attending immunisation clinics in the Primary health centre with postpartum period less than 3 months were included in the study. Edinburgh Postnatal depression scale was used to for identifying mothers at risk of postnatal depression. A score of ≥13 was considered as positive for depressive symptoms. Results: The prevalence of Post-natal depression 41 (13.6%). Factors like age, literacy status, socio economic status, gravidity, sex of newborn, mode of delivery and unplanned pregnancy were significantly associated with the prevalence of postnatal depression . Conclusions: Early screening of the women and counselling of women and their family will reduce the maternal morbidity and adverse child outcomes.
The Investigation of Preservice Teachers’ Epistemological Beliefs, Knowledge Levels and Attitudes regarding Organ Transplantation and Donation

In this study, preservice teachers' epistemological beliefs and attitude/knowledge level regarding organ transplantation and donation (OTD) are investigated according to such demographical variables as gender, department and grade level. Teachers play a fundamental role in providing information to children/adolescents and could influence their attitudes. Organ transplantation is a life-saving hope for many people around the world. But, shortage of organs for transplantation is essentially a universal problem. Having positive attitude and true knowledge to the OTD are essential for teachers that affected students the future attitude toward this topic. The research method was descriptive and cross-sectional. The sample of research was 589 preservice teachers (preschool, classroom and science teachers) in a public university in Turkey’s East. Data collection instruments were developed by researchers as valid and reliable questionnaire in order to determine the attitudes and knowledge levels of preservice teachers regarding OTD. In addition, epistemological beliefs scale which adapted to Turkish by Deryakulu and Buyukozturk (2002) was used. The results indicated the high level of knowledge and positive attitudes regarding the OTD and developed epistemological beliefs. In addition, the results of correlation matrix for relationship between attitude/knowledge and epistemological beliefs presents that developed epistemological belief has a positive effect on attitude and knowledge levels. Also, the results showed that there is a low positive relationship between attitude and knowledge level.
Fine root respiration is more strongly correlated with root traits than tree species identity

Carbon allocated to roots accounts for a large portion of net primary productivity, but the fate of that carbon is poorly understood. Absorptive fine roots are the primary way in which plants acquire nutrients. Previous studies have evaluated relationships among root morphological traits, including specific root length, root tissue density, and mycorrhizal colonization, across broad functional and taxonomic groups to test for the existence of a root economics spectrum (RES). Fine roots also release carbon dioxide through respiration, and other studies have found relationships between root morphological traits and root respiration within individual tree species. The objective of this study was to measure a suite of root traits in six co-occurring temperate tree species that represent a diverse set of aboveground traits to determine whether and how root characteristics influenced root respiration both within and among species. At the Harvard Forest in Petersham, Massachusetts, USA, we measured fine root respiration, root morphology, percent colonization for ectomycorrhizal species, and carbon and nitrogen concentrations on 292 roots from six tree species in June and July 2018. We found that most fine root morphological characteristics varied nearly as much within each tree species as they did among the six species. Root traits were dynamic over time during the two months of our study, where the magnitude of weekly mean trait values varied 32–95% across the study period. Strong correlations among traits suggested trade-offs on a spectrum from resource acquisition (long, thin, high-nitrogen roots) to resource conservation (thick, dense, low-nitrogen roots), and traits were not clustered by tree species within this spectrum. Along with temperature and weekly temporal variation, the resource acquisition strategy (long and thin roots that were high in nitrogen) was associated with higher root respiration, and this relationship was consistent among the six species. This study supported a strong link between the RES and respiration independent of species identity, which provides insight into functional axes for scaling root respiration from individual trees to the forest stand to better quantify belowground carbon flux.
PD-L1 expression in advanced NSCLC: Primary lesions versus metastatic sites and impact of sample age.

3025Background: Determination of PD-L1 levels in tumors can help establish patient suitability for PD-1/PD-L1 targeted immunotherapies in NSCLC. Biopsies may be taken from different sites (primary or metastatic) and may also vary in age, particularly if archived tissue is used. Understanding the impact of different sample types on PD-L1 expression will help determine suitability for testing. Methods: FFPE samples from 1546 patients screened for the ATLANTIC (NCT02087423) trial were successfully tested using the Ventana PD-L1 IHC (SP263) test positivity cut off ≥ 25% cells with tumor membrane expression. For patients screened for cohort 2, PD-L1 expression was reported in primary versus metastatic lesion, and by age, sex, ethnicity & smoking status. In addition, 88 commercial contemporaneous paired primary & metastatic samples were tested. Results: PD-L1 prevalence by sample age in ATLANTIC 3 years 13.3% (n =.
Improving access to and engagement with mental health services among young people from refugee backgrounds: service user and provider perspectives

ABSTRACT Limited research has been conducted worldwide on the experiences that children and young people from refugee backgrounds have with mental health services, despite evidence that they have significant vulnerability to the development of mental health problems and to suicidal behaviour and that those with mental ill-health typically underutilise services. The authors were particularly interested in barriers and facilitators to service access and engagement, and conducted two qualitative research projects to improve understanding of the issues – the first with service providers experienced in the refugee area and the second with young refugee service users. The aim of this project was to compare the perspectives of professionals and service users and to identify similarities and differences. The perspectives of the service users and providers were strikingly similar. The analysis identified 21 implications for policy makers, agencies and practitioners, which ranged from issues concerning cultural sensitivity, background matching and mental health literacy to accessibility, setting boundaries and expectations and implementing a holistic and outreach approach. There is a range of specific, practical measures that policy makers and service providers can introduce to enhance access to and engagement with mental health services for young people from refugee backgrounds.
The Contours of Assessment: Considering Aspects that Influence Prediction Performance

ABSTRACT Actuarial assessments provide standardized scores for use in assigning client risk levels and identifying needs that can be matched with intervention. Drawing from an established theory and findings from tangential justice studies, the current study argues that using standardized instruments to predict recidivism everywhere is potentially problematic because the determination of conviction/incarceration has been shown to vary by jurisdiction and culture. Our exploratory analysis of a standardized assessment finds that when controlling for nation, age, and gender, heterogeneity in effect sizes is significantly reduced. Implications for the field of justice assessment are discussed.
Smoking, alcohol consumption and substance abuse in patients with psoriasis: a cross-sectional study

Background The role of smoking and alcohol consumption in the pathogenesis of psoriasis is well-known; however, certain published studies have focused on the relationship between substance abuse and psoriasis. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of tobacco smoking, and substance and alcohol use in patients with psoriasis.Methods Patients with a definite diagnosis of psoriasis at ages of 15 or more were recruited and general information of patients and their smoking behavior, alcohol consumption and substanceabuse were further collected.Results 203 patients (103 men and 100 women) with psoriasis were included in this cross-sectional study. There were 76 smokers (37.45%) and 49 patients (24.1%) who consumed alcohol. Smoking, opium and alcohol consumption were significantly higher in men with psoriasis compared with women (P-values = 0.0001, 0.003, 0.002, respectively). Tranquilizer use was higher in married patients (P = 0.002), and those with joint involvements (P = 0.009). Hookah use was considerably high in female psoriatic patients, although not statistically significant (P = 0.37). Moreover, patients older than 40 years, and with nail disease (odds Ratio = 3.8) weremore prone to hookah use. Conclusion Our study revealed that the prevalence of smoking, opium and alcohol consumption is higher in men with psoriasis. Moreover, tranquilizer use is higher in married patients, and those with joint involvements. These findings should prompt public health workers to consider the modifiable habitual risk factors in patients with psoriasis.
Association between gestation length and lactation performance, lactation curve, calf birth weight and dystocia in Holstein dairy cows in Iran

Abstract In this study, 252,798 lactations on 108,077 cows in 433 herds were used to determine the association between gestation length (GL) and lactation performance, lactation curve, calf birth weight and dystocia in Holstein dairy cows in Iran. The GL averaged 278.1 ± 5.41 d, was categorized as short (SGL; at 1 SD below the population mean), average (AGL; the population mean ± 1 SD), or long (LGL; at least 1 SD above the population mean). Factors including parity, calf gender and calving season were associated with the GL. Primiparous cows with SGL had less lactation performance than those with longer GL; however, there was no difference between those with AGL and LGL. Multiparous cows with longer GL always had more partial and 305-d lactation performance. Primiparous cows with SGL produced less milk at the beginning of lactation and at the peak than those with AGL or LGL; inverse trends were found for lactation persistency, upward and downward slopes of the lactation curve. Within multiparous, a direct relationship was found between GL and the peak yield, where cows with longer GL always produced more milk at the peak. Multiparous cows with SGL produced less milk at the beginning of lactation, reached their peaks later, had higher lactation persistency and showed a lower upward slope of lactation curve than those with AGL or LGL. There was a direct relationship between GL and calf birth weight, where cows with longer GL had calves with more weight at the birth. Within primiparous, cows with SGL had the lowest and those with LGL had the highest rate of dystocia. However, multiparous cows with AGL had a lower rate of dystocia than those with SGL or LGL. Although there was a direct relationship between GL and lactation performance, intermediate GL seems optimal when considering dystocia.
Multiple Cysts, Giant of the Umbilical Cord Presentation of a Case

The frequency of umbilical cord cysts observed in the second trimester is unknown. They are associated with chromosomal and/ or structural defects. Most cysts originating from omphalomesenteric duct remnants are located close to the fetal abdominal wall. They can be single or multiple and of variable size. We report the case of a patient who is detected by ultrasound, in the second trimester, a fetus with multiple and giants umbilical cord cysts, not associated with congenital anomalies. Evolution of pregnancy, without complications, until the end of 38 weeks. Surgical resolution of the umbilical wall defect of the newborn, immediately after his birth with satisfactory evolution.
Multidimensional Flow Cytometry Significantly Improves Upon the Morphologic Assessment of Post-Induction Marrow Remission Status – Comparison of Morphology and Multidimensional Flow Cytometry; A Report From the Children's Oncology Group AML Protocol AAML0531

Abstract 939 Initial response to induction chemotherapy is a significant predictor of outcome in leukemias, where those with rapid response have an improved outcome compared to the non-responders. Morphologic evaluation of post induction marrow has been the gold standard in assessing remission status in leukemias, where those with 15% blasts were considered to be high risk. The Children9s Oncology Group (COG) phase III AML protocol AAML0531 which treated 1022 eligible patients without Down Syndrome (DS) on an MRC based chemotherapy backbone, utilized the >15% post induction morphologic blast threshold, as assessed at the institutional level, to allocate patients to specific risk groups based on the observed post induction 1 blast prevalence. In this study, all patients regardless of initial response would receive a second course of similar induction chemotherapy. Those with 5–15% blasts after course 1 with no other risk features who achieved a CR after the second course were considered intermediate risk, but those with >15% post course 1 blasts who achieved a CR after course 2 were considered high risk and allocated to stem cell transplantation from the most suitable donor in first CR. As part of this trial, multidimensional flow cytometry (MDF) was used to assess marrow response after each course of induction chemotherapy. As morphologic evaluation would not be able to distinguish normal and malignant blasts in the marrow, we inquired whether morphologic CR status correlates with MDF findings. Of the 1022 eligible non-DS patients treated on AAML0531, 784 patients had consented to the correlative biology studies and had available MDF data for correlation with morphology. Of the 784 patients, 185 patients (24%) had failed to achieve a morphologic CR (>5% blast by morphology) after the initial course of chemotherapy, of which 94 were partial remissions (PR, 5–15% blast) and 91 were persistent disease (PD, >15%). Of these 185 patients who failed to achieve a morphologic CR, 67 patients (36%) had no evidence of disease by MDF, and the remaining 64% had MDF detectable disease. Clinical outcome evaluation of these patients who failed induction (>5% blast) at the end of course 1 based on MDF status demonstrated that disease free survival for those with MDF detectable disease was 24% compared to that of 52% in those with induction failure with no MDF detectable disease (p 15% blast after course I, 25 (27%) had no evidence of disease by MDF. Disease-free survival at 3 years from end of induction in this high risk cohort with and without MDF-detectable disease was 20% and 55%, respectively (p Disclosures: Smith: Seattle Genetics: ; Eisai: ; Archimedes Pharma: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer, Inc.: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees.
Drivers of intervention use to protect domestic animals from large carnivore attacks

ABSTRACT Large carnivores are prioritized in conservation, but their co-occurrence with humans and domestic animals can generate conflict. Interventions preventing carnivore attacks are central to carnivore conservation, but are only effective if implemented. This study investigates drivers of the intention to use interventions among animal owners in Sweden based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, extended with the emotion construct Worry. Additionally, the study includes an explorative analysis investigating the processes behind this worry based on the Appraisal Theory of Emotion. In a survey comprising 1,163 animal owners, the subjective norm is identified as an important driver in the regression model of intended intervention use. Adding Worry to the model increased the amount of explained variance. Worry, in turn was mainly explained by experienced vulnerability among animal owners. This study illustrates how emotion theory can extend TPB to enhance understanding of human behavior, important for future coexistence between humans and wildlife.
Seasonal Influence on Sexual Behaviour of Jaffrabadi Buffalo Bulls

The study was carried out on four mature Jaffrabadi breeding bulls (4–6 years old) maintained at Cattle Breeding Farm, JAU, Junagadh for a period of 8 months during winter and summer. The seasonal and bull variations in sexual behavior traits were studied. A total of 64 observations (32 per season, 8 per bull) were availed at the fortnightly interval. The mean values/ scores for temperament (0–5 scale), libido (0–9 scale), penile erection (0–4 scale), protrusion (0–4 scale), intensity of thrust (0–4 scale), reaction time (sec) and Flehmen reaction (0, 1) during winter season were 1.28 ± 0.08, 6.75 ± 0.19, 3.22 ± 0.74, 2.88 ± 0.59, 3.15 ± 0.65, 125.00 ± 6.92 and 0.91 ± 0.43, respectively, while the respective values in summer season were 2.22 ± 0.07, 5.93 ± 0.43, 2.84 ± 0.65, 2.75 ± 0.59, 2.93 ± 0.13, 143.5 ± 7.07 and 0.88 ± 0.06. There were significant differences among seasons for temperament, libido and penile erection score of Jaffrabadi bulls. Significant differences among bulls were also found for libido score, the intensity of thrust and reaction time in the winter season, and for ejaculatory thrust in the summer season. All these traits were highly significantly and positively interrelated (r = 0.353 to 0.512), except Flehmen reaction and reaction time which were negatively correlated with all other behavioral traits (r = –340 to –0.499). Summer in general significantly exerted an adverse effect on the sexual behavior of Jaffrabadi bulls, and winter was the favored season. It could be concluded from the study that the Jaffrabadi bulls had good sexual behavior scores throughout both the seasons, however, bulls showed better sexual behavior during winter as compared to summer.
Microbial dysbiosis in irritable bowel syndrome: A single‐center metagenomic study in Saudi Arabia

Abstract Background The focus of this study was to explore potential differences in colonic mucosal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients compared to a control group utilizing a metagenomic study. Methods Mucosal microbiota samples were collected from each IBS patient utilizing jet‐flushing colonic mucosa in unified segments of the colon with distilled water, followed by aspiration, during colonoscopy. All the purified dsDNA was extracted and quantified before metagenomic sequencing using an Illumina platform. An equal number of healthy age‐matched controls were also examined for colonic mucosal microbiota, which were obtained during screening colonoscopies. Results The microbiota data on 50 IBS patients (31 females), with a mean age 43.94 ± 14.50 (range19–65), were analyzed in comparison to 50 controls. Satisfactory DNA samples were subjected to metagenomics study, followed by comprehensive comparative phylogenetic analysis. Metagenomics analysis was carried out, and 3.58G reads were sequenced. Community richness (Chao) and microbial structure in IBS patients were shown to be significantly different from those in the control group. Enrichment of Oxalobacter formigenes, Sutterella wadsworthensis, and Bacteroides pectinophilus was significantly observed in controls, whereas enrichment of Collinsella aerofaciens, Gemella morbillorum, and Veillonella parvula Actinobacteria was observed significantly in the IBS cohort. Conclusion The current study has demonstrated significant differences in the microbiota of IBS patients compared to controls.
How argumentative writing stifles open-mindedness

A longstanding assumption within higher education is that there is a clear link between argumentative writing and critical thinking. In this paper, I challenge this assumption. I argue that argumentative writing genres of persuasion, inquiry, and consensus fail to target students’ open-mindedness, which is an important aspect of critical thinking. In particular, argumentative writing genres do not challenge students to confront key cognitive biases, namely confirmation bias and motivated reasoning, when engaging in moral, political, and/or social questions. The motivation to conduct a balanced selection of evidence as well as an unbiased interpretation of evidence is overshadowed by the motivation to preserve one’s prior beliefs. The structure of argumentative writing genres thereby stifles open-mindedness and can even nurture dogmatism. As a result, in our goal to develop students’ critical thinking skills through argumentative writing, we may be doing more harm than good.
IDENTIFICATION OF GENES THAT COOPERATE WITH P53 IN TUMORIGENESIS

iii Acknowledgements . v List of Tables . x List of Figures. xi Appendix: List of Abbreviations . xiii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1. Cancer . 1 1.1.1. Independent of Growth Stimulatory Signals.2 1.1.2. A Refractory State to Growth Inhibitory Signals . 3 1.1.3. Resistance to Apoptosis . 5 1.1.4. Overcome Cellular Senescence (Immortality). 6 1.1.5. Capacity to Form New Vessels (Angiogenesis) . 7 1.1.6. Tissue Invasion and Metastasis.8 1.2. Evolution and Cancer.9 1.3. Hypothesis of Tumor Evolution.10 1.4. Oncogenes.11 1.5. Tumor Suppressor Genes.12 1.6. Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) . 13 1.7. Metastasis.14 1.8. Tumor Suppressor p53.15
How Haptic Feedback in a Mixed Reality Pool Game Affects Real-Life Pool Performance

Mechanisms for training pool skills have evolved from manually setting up balls in different positions on the table and hitting them one-by-one to now using technology to precisely set up these plays and practice the game virtually. The aim of this study was to investigate how adding haptic feedback into a pool video game affects transfer of training into real-life pool skills. A 2 x 4 mixed factorial design was used to see how haptic feedback (its absence or presence) and four types of shots affect pool performance. Half of the participants experienced the pool video game without haptic feedback while the other half experienced it with haptic feedback. Performance before and after the video game practice was recorded as successful or unsuccessful, with a series of the same 40 pre- and post-video-game shots. Results from 38 participants are presented, and their implications are discussed.