Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between Preconception Dietary Fiber Intake and Preterm Birth: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether preconception dietary fiber intake is associated with PTB. This was a prospective cohort Japan Environmental and Children’s Study (JECS). The study population comprised 85,116 singleton live-birth pregnancies from the JECS database delivered between 2011 and 2014. The participants were categorized into five groups based on their preconception dietary fiber intake quintiles (Q1 and Q5 were the lowest and highest groups, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between preconception dietary fiber intake and PTB. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk for PTB before 34 weeks was lower in the Q3, Q4, and Q5 groups than in the Q1 group (Q3: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–0.997; Q4: aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57–0.95; Q5: aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50–0.92). However, there was no significant difference between preconception dietary fiber intake and PTB before 37 weeks. In conclusion, higher preconception dietary fiber intake correlated with a reduced the risk for PTB before 34 weeks. Therefore, new recommendations on dietary fiber intake as part of preconception care should be considered.
Distribution of REE between amphibole and pyroxenes in the lithospheric mantle: An assessment from the lattice strain model

23 Amphibole and pyroxenes are the main reservoirs of rare earth elements (REEs) in 24 lithospheric mantle that has been affected by hydrous metasomatism. In this study, we 25 developed semi-empirical models for REE partitioning between orthopyroxene and 26 amphibole and between clinopyroxene and amphibole. These models were formulated on 27 the basis of parameterized lattice strain models of mineral–melt REE partitioning for 28 orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and amphibole, and they were calibrated using major 29 element and REE data of amphibole and pyroxenes in natural mantle samples from 30 intraplate setting. The mineral–melt REE partitioning models suggest that amphibole is 31 not in equilibrium with coexisting pyroxenes in the mantle samples, and that the 32 amphibole crystallized at a lower temperature than that of the pyroxenes. We estimated 33 the apparent amphibole crystallization temperature using major element compositions of 34 the amphibole and established temperature-and composition-dependent models that can 35 be used to predict apparent pyroxene–amphibole REE partition coefficients for 36 amphibole-bearing peridotite and pyroxenite from intraplate lithospheric mantle. 37 Apparent pyroxene–amphibole REE partition coefficients predicted by the models can be 38 used to infer REE contents of amphibole from REE contents of coexisting pyroxenes. 39 This is especially useful when the grain size of amphibole is too small for trace element 40 analysis. 41
Modeling the TTL at Continental Scale for a Wet Season: An Evaluation of the BRAMS Mesoscale Model Using TRO‐Pico Campaign, and Measurements From Airborne and Spaceborne Sensors

In order to better understand the water vapor (WV) intrusion into the tropical stratosphere, a mesoscale simulation of the tropical tropopause layer using the BRAMS (Brazilian version of Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS)) model is evaluated for a wet season. This simulation with a horizontal grid point resolution of 20 km × 20 km cannot resolve the stratospheric overshooting convection (SOC). Its ability to reproduce other key parameters playing a role in the stratospheric WV abundance is investigated using the balloon‐borne TRO‐Pico campaign measurements, the upper‐air soundings over Brazil, and the satellite observations by Aura Microwave Limb Sounder, Microwave Humidity Sounder, and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 12. The BRAMS exhibits a good ability in simulating temperature, cold‐point, WV variability around the tropopause. However, the simulation is typically observed to be warmer by ∼2.0°C and wetter by ∼0.4 ppmv at the hygropause, which can be partly affiliated with the grid boundary nudging of the model by European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts operational analyses. The modeled cloud tops show a good correlation (maximum cross‐correlation of ∼0.7) with Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 12. Furthermore, the overshooting cells detected by Microwave Humidity Sounder are observed at the locations, where 75% of the modeled cloud tops are higher than 11 km. Finally, the modeled inertia‐gravity wave periodicity and wavelength are comparable with those deduced from the radio sounding measurements during TRO‐Pico campaign. The good behavior of BRAMS confirms the SOC contribution in the WV abundance, and variability is of lesser importance than the large‐scale processes. This simulation can be used as a reference run for upscaling the impact of SOC at a continental scale for future studies.
Preventive Effect of a 7-Week App-Based Passive Psychoeducational Stress Management Program on Students

Passive psychoeducation is an easily accessible and cost-effective self-guided intervention that does not use elements of active psychotherapies or require homework. The present study aimed to investigate the acceptability and efficacy of a 7-week app-based passive psychoeducation stress management program to promote adaptive emotion regulation and coping skills in university students (i.e., 80% psychology students). Participants were tested via Lime-Survey® at pre- and post-test with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), the Response Styles Questionnaire (RSQ), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). A stratified permutation block randomization by age, gender, and the DASS-21 stress subscale was performed. Each week, the psychoeducation group (n = 123) received different psychoeducation modules. At the end of each module, participants answered questions about their satisfaction with each module and adherence to psychoeducation. The control group (n = 130) received no intervention. The psychoeducation program led to a significant improvement in the adaptive emotion regulation strategy: “reappraisal” (p = 0.004) and a significant reduction in the dysfunctional coping style: “symptom-related rumination” (p = 0.01) but not to a significant reduction in depression, anxiety, and stress scores compared to the control group. Thus, the present study might demonstrate a preventive effect of an app-based passive psychoeducation program in students with low clinically relevant psychopathological symptoms.
Hints for collective effects in identified particle spectra from p – Pb collisions at 5 . 02 TeV

First hints for collective dynamics in high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions at LHC were observed in two-particle correlations of unidentified particles. We present a systematic study of Blastwave-fits to identified particle spectra from p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions as measured by ALICE at the LHC. While in Pb-Pb collisions, a large number of particles can be commonly described by a single set of parameters including mass A=2 and A=3 nuclei, also spectra from high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions allow for a description within this rather simple model. Finally, we give predictions for spectra and the nuclear modification factor of mesons carrying a charm or bottom quark.
The Effect of Macroeconomic Factors on Banking Credit Risk Study on Commercial Banks in Indonesia

Melalui analisis kualitatif, penelitian ini menyelidiki hubungan yang rumit antara variabel makroekonomi dan risiko kredit di bank-bank komersial Indonesia. Dengan bantuan perangkat lunak NVIVO, analisis tematik dari wawancara mendalam dan analisis dokumen mengungkapkan tema-tema tingkat makro yang terkait dengan variabel-variabel ekonomi internasional serta topik-topik spesifik Indonesia terkait dengan lingkungan regulasi dan ekonomi negara. Kesimpulan utama menunjukkan bahwa risiko kredit sangat dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan ekonomi, inflasi, tingkat suku bunga, dan pengangguran, dengan poin-poin kecil yang perlu mendapat perhatian khusus. Muncul sebagai pengaruh yang menstabilkan, sistem regulasi Indonesia mengarahkan prosedur manajemen risiko. Kesulitan ekonomi tertentu, seperti ketergantungan pada komoditas dan ketidakstabilan mata uang, menyoroti perlunya penilaian risiko sektoral. Pentingnya penilaian risiko yang dinamis dan evaluasi peraturan yang sedang berlangsung ditekankan, bersama dengan implikasi untuk prosedur manajemen risiko dan saran-saran untuk pembuat kebijakan. Studi ini menyoroti interaksi antara isu-isu makroekonomi dengan kualitas sistem perbankan Indonesia yang berbeda, dan memberikan wawasan yang signifikan ke dalam area ini.
Prediction of potential suitable habitats in the 21st century and GAP analysis of priority conservation areas of Chionanthus retusus based on the MaxEnt and Marxan models

Chionanthus retusus (C. retusus) has a high economic and medicinal value, but in recent years it has been included in the list of China's major protected plants and China's Red List of Biodiversity due to the serious destruction of its wild germplasm resources. Based on 131 sample points of C. retusus, this study simulated potential habitats and spatial changes of C. retusus in the 21st century using the Maxent model combined with the geographic information system ArcGIS, predicted prioritized protected areas by the Marxan model, and assessed current conservation status through GAP analysis. The results showed that (1) when the regularization multiplier was 1.5 and the feature combinations were linear, quadratic, and fragmented, the area under the curve of the subjects in the training and test sets were both above 0.9, the true skill statistic value was 0.80, and the maximum Kappa value was 0.62, meaning that the model had high accuracy; (2) Temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, min temperature for coldest month, and precipitation of wettest month had relatively strong influences on species' ranges. (3) The moderately and optimally suitable habitats of C. retusus were primly located in the areas of southwestern Shanxi, central Hebei, western Henan, Shandong, Shaanxi, Anhui and Hubei; (4) Under different future climate scenarios, the area of each class of suitable habitat will increase for varied amounts compared to the current period, with a general trend of expansion to the south; (5) The C. retusus priority protected areas were mainly located in most of Shandong, southern Liaoning, southwestern Shanxi, western Henan, and central Hebei, and its conservation vacancy area was relatively large compared to its protected area. These results will provide scientific strategies for implementing long-term conservation of C. retusus in China and similar regions under warming conditions in the 21st century.
Differences in Academic Preparedness Do Not Fully Explain Black–White Enrollment Disparities in Advanced High School Coursework

: Whether racial disparities in enrollment in advanced high school coursework can be attributed to differences in prior academic preparation is a central question in sociological research and education policy. However, previous investigations face methodological limitations, for they compare race-specific enrollment rates of students after adjusting for characteristics only partially related to their academic preparedness for advanced coursework. Informed by a recently-developed statistical technique, we propose and estimate a novel measure of students’ academic preparedness and use administrative data from the New York City Department of Education to measure differences in Advanced Placement (AP) mathematics enrollment rates among similarly prepared students of different races. We find that preexisting differences in academic preparation do not fully explain the under-representation of Black students relative to White students in AP mathematics. Our results imply that achieving equal opportunities for AP enrollment not only requires equalizing earlier academic experiences, but also addressing inequities that emerge from coursework placement processes.
Enhancing students’ performance on least taught topics in basic calculus through Moodle-based courseware package

This study utilized the developmental research design to identify the least taught topics in basic calculus and design and investigate the effectiveness of a Moodle-based courseware package. Data were collected from seven basic calculus teachers and five academic administrators through survey questionnaires, interviews, and validation sheets. The quasi-experimental phase of the study used a pre-/post-test control group design with a sample of 69 students, 34 students in the experimental group and 35 students in the control group. The experimental group received instruction using an asynchronous Moodle-based courseware package, while the control group received instruction through lecture notes. Results showed that the least taught topics include infinite limits, limits at infinity, and limits of trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions. These topics were least taught due to time constraints, students’ capacity, scheduling, complexity, and relatability. Validation of the courseware package showed a very high validity. It was found that the use of Moodle-based courseware package and lecture notes effectively increased the students’ performance. However, one-way analysis of covariance results showed that the experimental group gained considerably greater than those in the control group. It was recommended that teachers continue to update their knowledge of different teaching methodologies to develop an encouraging and dynamic learning environment.
Espacio, territorio y región: conceptos básicos para un proyecto nacional

En este escrito se discuten teoricamente los conceptos de espacio, region y territorio, como categorias basicas en la construccion de un proyecto nacional democratico, que permita la expresion de la ciudadania y el derecho de los ciudadanos a controlar la produccion social del espacio y del territrio. Se indican algunos elementos que se consideran necesarios para la construccion de dicho proyecto politico.
Classification of Mobile-Based Oral Cancer Images Using the Vision Transformer and the Swin Transformer

Simple Summary Transformer models, originally successful in natural language processing, have found application in computer vision, demonstrating promising results in tasks related to cancer image analysis. Despite being one of the prevalent and swiftly spreading cancers globally, there is a pressing need for accurate automated analysis methods for oral cancer. This need is particularly critical for high-risk populations residing in low- and middle-income countries. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the Vision Transformer (ViT) and the Swin Transformer in the classification of mobile-based oral cancer images we collected from high-risk populations. The results showed that the Swin Transformer model achieved higher accuracy than the ViT model, and both transformer models work better than the conventional convolution model VGG19. Abstract Oral cancer, a pervasive and rapidly growing malignant disease, poses a significant global health concern. Early and accurate diagnosis is pivotal for improving patient outcomes. Automatic diagnosis methods based on artificial intelligence have shown promising results in the oral cancer field, but the accuracy still needs to be improved for realistic diagnostic scenarios. Vision Transformers (ViT) have outperformed learning CNN models recently in many computer vision benchmark tasks. This study explores the effectiveness of the Vision Transformer and the Swin Transformer, two cutting-edge variants of the transformer architecture, for the mobile-based oral cancer image classification application. The pre-trained Swin transformer model achieved 88.7% accuracy in the binary classification task, outperforming the ViT model by 2.3%, while the conventional convolutional network model VGG19 and ResNet50 achieved 85.2% and 84.5% accuracy. Our experiments demonstrate that these transformer-based architectures outperform traditional convolutional neural networks in terms of oral cancer image classification, and underscore the potential of the ViT and the Swin Transformer in advancing the state of the art in oral cancer image analysis.
Priority questions in multidisciplinary drought research

Addressing timely and relevant questions across a multitude of spatiotemporal scales, state-of-the-art interdisciplinary drought research will likely increase in importance under projected climate change. Given the complexity of the various direct and indirect causes and consequences of a drier world, scientific tasks need to be coordinated efficiently. Drought-related research endeavors ranging from individual projects to global initiatives therefore require prioritization. Here, we present 60 priority questions for optimizing future drought research. This topical catalogue reflects the experience of 65 scholars from 21 countries and almost 20 fields of research in both natural sciences and the humanities. The set of drought-related questions primarily covers the drought monitoring, impacts, forecasting, climatology, adaptation, as well as planning and policy. The questions highlight the increasingly important role of remote sensing techniques in drought monitoring, importance of drought forecasting and understanding the relationships between drought parameters and drought impacts but also challenges of drought adaptation and preparedness policies.
Anatomical variations of the atlas arches: prevalence assessment, systematic review and proposition for an updated classification system

Objective and background This study focuses on the atlas, a pivotal component of the craniovertebral junction, bridging the cranium and spinal column. Notably, variations in its arches are documented globally, necessitating a thorough assessment and categorization due to their significant implications in clinical, diagnostic, functional, and therapeutic contexts. The primary objective is to ascertain the frequency of these anatomical deviations in the atlas arches among a Colombian cohort using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methodology Employing a descriptive, cross-sectional approach, this research scrutinizes the structural intricacies of the atlas arches in CBCT scans. Analytical parameters included sex distribution and the nature of anatomical deviations as per Currarino’s classification. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify significant differences, including descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in order to enhance the current Currarino’s classification. Results The study examined 839 CBCT images, with a nearly equal sex distribution (49.7% female, 50.3% male). Anatomical variations were identified in 26 instances (3%), displaying a higher incidence in females (X2 [(1, N = 839) = 4.0933, p = 0.0430]). The most prevalent variation was Type A (2.5%), followed by Type B (0.4%), and Type G (0.2%) without documenting any other variation. The systematic review yielded 7 studies. A novel classification system for these variations is proposed, considering global prevalence data in the cervical region. Conclusion The study highlights a statistically significant predominance of Type A variations in the female subset. Given the critical nature of the craniovertebral junction and supporting evidence, it recommends an amendment to Currarino’s classification to better reflect these clinical observations. A thorough study of anatomical variations of the upper cervical spine is relevant as they can impact important functional aspects such as mobility as well as stability. Considering the intricate anatomy of this area and the pivotal function of the atlas, accurately categorizing the variations of its arches is crucial for clinical practice. This classification aids in diagnosis, surgical planning, preventing iatrogenic incidents, and designing rehabilitation strategies.
Evaluation of Insecticides against Pest Complex of Cashew

The investigation was carried out at the Agricultural experimental station, NAU, Paria (Gujarat, India) during 2009–10 to 2011–12. Total of eight treatments including control (unsprayed) were replicated thrice in randomized block design. Three sprays were carried out respectively at flushing, flowering and fruiting stages of cashew trees with the use of foot sprayer. Among all tested insecticides, lambda-cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 0.003% recorded lowest incidence of cashew pest complex viz. tea mosquito bugs, Helopeltis antonii Sign. , leaf minor, Acrocercops syngramma, inflorence webber, Lamida moncusalis and apple and nut borers Thylocoptila panrosema i.e. 0.82, 13.64, 12.77, 12.64 and 12.85 %, respectively and recorded the highest raw nut yield of 860 kg ha-1 and it was at par with acetamiprid 20 SP @ 0.004%.
Aerial Data Exploration: An in-Depth Study From Horizontal to Oriented Viewpoint

The development of technological devices, such as satellites and drones, has made it easier to collect images and videos from the air. From these vast data sources, the problem of detecting objects in aerial images is formed to serve situations: rescue missions, social scenarios, security needs, and more. This issue attracts a lot of attention from researchers in computer vision because of its high applicability in real life. However, this problem faces many significant challenges due to the complex factors of the environment. To overcome these difficulties, many studies focus on developing effective models for detecting and tracking objects from UAV systems. In this paper, our primary emphasis is a comprehensive survey of methodologies about horizontal and oriented object detection. After researching many practical and innovative techniques in different approaches, we have carefully selected 15 methods for horizontal object detection and 18 for oriented object detection that were recently researched and developed to conduct classifications, surveys, and assessments. We also provide a taxonomy mind map to assist readers in gaining an overview of the methods we surveyed. Additionally, we examine 17 aerial image datasets collected from platforms and in various locations worldwide. These are typical datasets widely used to serve two primary tasks: horizontal object detection and oriented object detection. Then, we compared the experimental results of the previously introduced methods on four typical datasets: VisDrone, UAVDT, DOTAv1.0, and HRSC2016. The above datasets present diversity in the number of classes and the complexity of real-life conditions. Furthermore, they have been tested with various methods and shown remarkable results. For the reasons mentioned, we believe that updating and synthesizing the latest research will provide complete and comprehensive information, helping researchers to have more survey material for the development of the field of object detection in the future.