Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Schwinger Pair Creation by a Time-Dependent Electric Field in de Sitter Space with the Energy Density E_μ E^μ=E^2 a^2(τ)

We investigate Schwinger pair creation of charged scalar particles from a time-dependent electric field background in (1+3)-dimensional de Sitter spacetime. Since the field's equation of motion has no exact analytical solution, we employ emph{Olver's uniform asymptotic approximation method} to find its analytical approximate solutions. Depending on the value of the electric field $E$, and the particle's mass $m$, and wave vector $bfk$, the equation of motion has two turning points, whose different natures (real, complex, or double) lead to different pair production probability. More precisely, we find that for the turning points to be real and single, $m$ and $bfk$ should be small, and the more smaller are the easier to create the particles. On the other hand, when $m$ or $bfk$ is large enough, both turning points are complex, and the pair creation is exponentially suppressed. In addition, we study the pair creation in the weak electric field limit, and find that the semi-classical electric current responds as $E^{1-2sqrt{mu^2}}! left(1-ln Eright)$, where $mu^2=frac94-frac{mds^2}{H^2}$. Thus, below a critical mass $m_{mathrm{cr}}=sqrt{2} H$, the current exhibits the infrared hyperconductivity.
MICROCYSTINS IN RAW WATER, DRINKING WATER, AND SOME ISOLATES OF CYANOPROKARYOTES

Raw water samples of two drinking water treatment plants (named New Mansoura and Bilqas stations) were collected for a full annual cycle. Analyses of total soluble inorganic N, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and Total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) were carried out. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Cyanoprokaryotes and photosynthetic pigments of phytoplankton were investigated. Total microcystins of raw water supply and potable water were seasonally analyzed using ELISA. Seven Cyanobprokaryotes species were isolated, cultured under lab conditions and biomass contents of microcystin–LR and -YR were analyzed using HPLC. Physico-chemical characteristics and photosynthetic pigments displayed pronounced periodic variations. Species composition and abundance of Cyanoprokaryotes exhibited marked seasonal variation during the period of study. Cyanoprokaryotes biovolume peaked in summer at New Mansoura (214.3mm 3 m -3 ) and Bilqas (161.3 mm 3 m -3 ) water treatment stations. The minimum mean biovolume of 25.2 and 30.8 mm 3 m -3 were recorded in winter at New Mansoura and in autumn at Bilqas station, respectively. Total microcystins in raw water maintained seasonal variations. Microcystins values were 2.2 and 2.0 μg l -1 during summer at Bilqas and New Mansoura respectively. Theses values of 1μg l -1 exceeding the WHO guidelines. Total microcystins of potable water were below the WHO guideline except in summer at New Mansoura (1.2μg l -1 ). Microcystins in biomass of different species of Cyanoprokaryotes varied between 3.0 mg g -1 (8% LR and 92%YR) and 0.3 mg g -1 (100% LR) recorded for Anabaena oryzae and Anabaena khannae, respectively.
Food consumption and lifestyle habits among university students in Saudi Arabia

Food consumption and lifestyle habits can have a positive or negative direct impact on an individual’s health. University students tend to have poor eating habits that are influenced mainly by sensory perceptions. This survey was done to evaluate the status of food consumption and lifestyle habits among Taif university students (males and females). A total of 600 students aged from 18 to 24 years participated in the survey and responded to questions on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, eating habits, food consumption frequency, attitude, health and food awareness knowledge. The randomly selected students were from various levels in university representing wide categories and living conditions in Taif Region, Saudi Arabia. The examined students efficiently completed the survey with the help of the university staff. Weight and height were evaluated by a portable standing electronic scale and a portable stadiometer (Seca 879, Germany) to calculate the Body mass index (BMI) classes. Female students recorded 28% of underweight cases, which was higher than the male students (11%) with none significant at p>0.05. The rate of overweight in male students was 30% compared with the female students’ 26%. The study reported 49% and 64% for normal waist circumference for male and female students, respectively. A higher frequency of moderate physical exercise was reported among male students at 60% compared to that among female students (57%). The number of students who did physical exercise regularly was reported to be higher in females (15%) than males (8%). A percentage of 15% and 7% of the male and female students, respectively were smokers. Male students recorded higher sleeping hours than females. Male students reported high media consumptionfrequency of more than 3 hours a day 67%, followed by 21% between 3-6 hoursa day for female students. About 46% and 55% of male and female students,respectively, reported fast-food consumption at least once a week and about 30% of males and 24% females took only 1 to 2 fast food meals in a month.The major meals skipped were breakfast, followed by lunch and dinner;however, this was not significant p>0.05. Meal skipping was high among female students (72%). It was noted that high percentage of male students (72%) reported low consumption levels of vegetables and fruits. The main reason for fast-food consumption was convenience (31%) for males, while females recorded 32% for choices. Female students had a higher score than males in nutrition knowledge. There is a need forawareness creation concerning better food choices, lifestyle habits and weight management that might create a helpful impact on the university student health.
Forensic medical evaluation of dental-jaw injuries in cases of traffic accidents

Information about the differential diagnosis of human bodily injuries, which were formed when the body, wheel and bottom of a modern car came into contact with the body of a pedestrian; a person on the road surface, in the cabin of a modern car (driver and passengers), when a cyclist comes into contact with a car, in cases of combined types of car injury, is not enough. The purpose of the study is to increase the objectivity of forensic examinations by determining the criteria for assessing damage to the dental system in cases of the most common types of accidents: collision of moving vehicle with man; run over the body with a wheels or the bottom of vehicle; at an injury inside the vehicle on the basis of the analysis of morphological features and the mechanism of the specified damages. The archival materials of 130 forensic medical examinations of the municipal institution “Odessa Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination” concerning victims of living persons and corpses as a result of traffic accidents that were accompanied by their injuries in the period 2015-2020 were used. The following research methods were used: anthropometric, morphometric, photographic, radiological, statistical. The article presents our own experience of improving the objectivity and provability of forensic examinations by determining the criteria for assessing damage to the dental system in cases of the most common types of vehicle: collision of moving vehicle with man; run over the body with a wheels or the bottom of vehicle; at an injury inside the vehicle on the basis of the analysis of morphological features and the mechanism of the specified damages. It is proved that according to the degree of gravity of physical injuries (health disorder or disability), damage to the dental apparatus in traffic accidents should be investigated only in cases of isolated injuries. In this case, fractures of the jaws, regardless of their nature, should be assessed as moderate injuries according to the criterion of long-term health disorders; Crown fractures, traumatic tooth dislocations, and soft tissue fatal wounds should be considered simple injuries that have caused short-term health disorders. Abrasions, bruises should be attributed to simple injuries. Thus, it is impractical to separately determine the severity of the injury of the dental system in cases run over the head with a wheels or the bottom of vehicle - in these cases, we always deal with gross, massive destruction of the bones of the skull.
The Governance Impact on the Romanian Trade Flows. An Augmented Gravity Model

The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of the quality of the Romanian governance process on the trade with EU countries between 2007 and 2018 using an augmented gravity model. The panel data method was used in order to cope with heteroskedasticity. The sample covers 12 years and includes 27 EU partner countries, chosen because Romania traded with all of them, therefore the zero problem was naturally solved. EViews 10 was used for regression. Cross-section SUR option was used. The six governance indicators were used: voice and accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, control of corruption. The traditional variables (GDP, population, distance, common border, common language) had the expected signs and values. The following governance indicators proved to be significant for exporter countries: control of corruption with a negative influence, government effectiveness and political stability with a positive influence, Romanian political stability with a negative impact, Romanian rule of law with negative influence and Romanian regulatory quality with a positive impact, while the other indicators had a negative influence. The voice and accountability is not significant for exporter countries. An increase with 1% of the values of the government indicators would lead to significant increases of Romanian exports. The greatest impact on the exports would be the improvement of Romanian regulatory quality. The low quality of the Romanian institutions proved to be a major barrier in trading with EU countries. Therefore, an improvement of the Romanian institutions would unleash the trade between Romania and the other EU countries.
Measurement error in minimumwage evaluations using survey data

We assess the role of measurement error in minimumwage evaluations when the treatment variable – the bite – is inferred from a survey wage distribution. We conduct Monte Carlo experiments on both simulated and empirical distributions ofmeasurement error derived from a record linkage of survey wages and administrative data. On the individual-level treatment e ects are downwardbiasedbymore than30percent. Aggregationof the treatment information at the household, firm or region level does not fully alleviate the bias. In fact, themagnitude and direction of the bias depend on the size of the aggregation units and the allocation of treated individuals to such units. In cases of a strongly segregated allocation, measurement error can cause upward biased treatment e ects. Besides aggregation, we discuss two possible remedies: the use of a continuous treatment variable and dropping observations close to the minimumwage threshold.
Needs Analysis of Chinese English Majors in EGP Courses

Based on the needs analysis model outlined by Li (2007), this study investigates the needs of Chinese English majors enrolled in EGP courses and identifies the gender differences in their needs from linguistic, cognitive, and affective perspectives. SPSS 23.0 was used in this study to analyze data obtained from 221 Chinese English majors through a revised version of Li’s (2007) questionnaire. The results showed that: 1) from the linguistic perspective, students revealed the strongest desire to practice pronunciation and speaking in class, attached the greatest importance to vocabulary and speaking, and had a conflict opinion of vocabulary. 2) from the cognitive perspective, students manifested aspirations for the teacher’s positive feedback, a harmonious English learning environment, communicative learning activities, and the opportunity to practice in class. 3) from the affective perspective, students recorded the usefulness of English as their primary learning motivation, showing a broadly positive attitude and adequate confidence when learning English. 4) males preferred using the grammar-translation method to learn English and were more likely to be motivated by their desires to understand the information in English; females favored adopting the communicative method to learn English and were more likely to be stimulated by school’s requirement and their cravings for good grades. This research endeavor is considered significant because its finding can be used to assist Chinese teachers and course designers to develop the rarely-examined EGP courses provided for Chinese English majors based on the often-overlooked students’ needs.
IMPACT OF FERTILIZERS AND GREEN ALGAE (SPIROGYRA) ON THE SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF IMMATURE MALARIA VECTOR, ANOPHELES GAMBIAE SENSU LATO GILES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

Anopheles gambiae is one of the important malaria vectors in Ethiopia. The survival, development and multiplication of the immature stages are determined by different interdependent factors. The application of manures and fertilizers in agro-ecosystem is one of the important factors. A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the impact of inorganic fertilizer (DAP and UREA 1:1/2 ratio), organic fertilizer (cow dung) and green algae (Spirogyra) against immature An. gambiae. The experiment includes three doses of inorganic fertilizer, cow dung and green algae in 1 L of deionised water prepared in a square tray and 1 L of deionised water alone was considered as control. In the experiment and control group twenty five I, II, III and IVth instar larva was released into individual tray and monitored every 24 h till the completion of their life cycle. The numbers of surviving larval stage was recorded continuously until all the larvae died or emerged into adults. The experimental result revealed that in the case of the tray mixed with 0.75g/L of inorganic fertilizer, the number of adults that emerged from four different larval instar stages was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The number of adults that emerged in high turbidity green algae filament treatment was 95.61 ± 3.86, 93.85 ± 3.30, 90.5 ± 5.43 and 86.84 ± 4.78 from I, II, III and IVth instar larvae respectively. This study concludes that inorganic fertilizer significantly suppressed the survival of An. gambiae immature stage whereas, green algae supported the larval development.
de travail Documents de travail « Segregation in Networks »

Schelling (1969, 1971a,b, 1978) considered a simple model with individual agents who only care about the types of people living in their own local neighborhood. The spatial structure was represented by a oneor two-dimensional lattice. Schelling showed that an integrated society will generally unravel into a rather segregated one even though no individual agent strictly prefers this. We make a first step to generalize the spatial proximity model to a proximity model of segregation. That is, we examine models with individual agents who interact ’locally’ in a range of network structures with topological properties that are different from those of regular lattices. Assuming mild preferences about with whom they interact, we study best-response dynamics in random and regular non-directed graphs as well as in small-world and scale-free networks. Our main result is that the system attains levels of segregation that are in line with those reached in the lattice-based spatial proximity model. In other words, mild proximity preferences can explain segregation not just in regular spatial networks but also in more general social networks. Furthermore, segregation levels do not dramatically vary across different network structures. That is, Schelling’s original results seem to be robust also to the structural properties of the network.
Nanoleakage Evaluation of Nano-Filled Resin Composite using Different Adhesive Systems at Different Dentin Depth

Objective: This study evaluated the nanoleakage of nano-filled resin composite using different adhesive systems at different dentin depth. Material and Methods: A total of 120 freshly extracted human molars were used in this study. The selected teeth were randomly divided into two main groups according to adhesive system(self-etch and total etch), each main group were divided in to two groups according to dentin depth(superficial and deep dentin), each group were divided in to 3 sub-groups according to storage periods(24hours,3 months and 6 months). All the prepared cavities were restored incrementally using the nanofilled resin composite, then the specimens were immersed into silver nitrate and sectioned. Nanoleakage was measured. Results: The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between self-etch and total etch according to the effect of adhesive system nor dentin depth on nanoleakage, while there was a statistically significant increase in median nano-leakage scores from 24 hours to 3 months as well as from 3 to 6 months of storage time. Conclusion: Usage of total etch or self-etch bonding agents has a positive effect on decreasing resin composite leakage. In deep dentin, it is advisable to use self etch bonding agents, while using total etch is indicated for deep dentin.
EFFECT OF USING GERMINATED MORINGA OLEIFERA SEEDS ON JAPANESE QUAIL GROWTH PERFORMANCE

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of feeding Japanese quail chicks on diets supplemented with different levels of germinated Moringa Oleifera seed (GMOS) on productive performance, carcass characteristics and blood constituents. A total number of 252 unsexed seven days-old Japanese quail chicks were randomly distributed to 4 equal groups each containing 63 chicks in 3 replicates with 21 chicks each. Four experimental diets supplemented with GMOS were formulated as follows: 0% (control), 0.25% , 0.50% and 0.75% GMOS for 742 days. The results showed that, birds fed GMOS at levels 0.75% followed by 0.50% had significantly higher body weight and body weight gain than birds fed the control diet. The feed consumption showed no difference in all treatments. The best feed conversion ratio and European Production Efficiency Index (EPEI) obtained by using 0.75% GMOS compared to control group. Abdominal fat significantly decreased by feeding levels 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75% GMOS respectively compared to the control group. Birds fed on GMOS significantly increased bursa percentages by using all levels of GMOS compared to control group. Plasma ALT decreased by using 0.75% GMOS compared to control. However, AST decreased in all levels of GMOS with no difference compared to the control. Plasma cholesterol had lower level in all treatments compared to control group. In addition, HDL fraction was increased and LDL fraction was decreased in all treatments of GMOS. Total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased in group fed 0.50% GMOS compared to other treatments. It could by conclude that using GMOS (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75%) improved performance, immune organs and blood constituents. The best level occurred by 0.75% GMOS in Japanese quails diets during the growing period (1-42 day).
Meat of Guinea fowl. I. Effect of the fattening period on slaughter characteristics of a local Bulgarian population of Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)

The effect of the fattening period on the slaughter performance of a local Bulgarian population of free-ranged pearl-gray Guinea fowls was studied. The pre-slaughter weight varied from 1041.00 to 1296.00 g in the group of female fowls and from 1029.50 to 1292.83 g in the group of male fowls, depending on the fattening period duration. The data of grill weight were 605.15–839.81 g for the females and 643.52–826.23 g for the male individuals and of bratfertig: 683.50–915.99 g and 721.82–910.52 g, respectively, depending on gender and duration of the fattening period. Grill meat varied from 459.56 to 643.07 g for a group of male fowls and from 441.15 to 649.55 g for a group of female fowls, while breast meat was 190.84–283.94 g (male) and 186.77–286.7 g (female), depending on the studied factors. The slaughter yields (bratfertig, %) ranged from 65.72% to 70.71% depending on the two factors of influence. The carcass weight (grill, %) of both sexes was 60.36% for the 16-week fattening period, over 61% for the 20-week and 64% for the 24-week fattening period. The proportions of the pectoral muscles in the carcass were higher for the older Guinea fowl, while the percentages of thigh muscles decreased from 31% to 29% with increasing of the age. The relative values of breast and leg muscles increased with the increase of the fattening period duration of the slaughtered birds. Grill’s bones had the highest values in the 16-week-old Guinea fowls (29.09%). Besides sex, the slaughter age had a significant effect on almost all the slaughter characteristics except for the weight of the by-products.
In Vitro Germination and Tissue Culture Protocol Establishment For Canabbis sativa L

Tissue culture is important for the mass propagation of plants and help us to save many endangered species. The cultivation of Cannabis is restricted due to which the utilization of cannabinoids remains limited despite its immense potential in therapeutic utilities. This problem can be solved by mass propagation of Cannabis using tissue culture protocols which remains the prime objective of the work. Germination protocol using water-agar and half MS medium was established and callus was regenerated from leaf explants in the current work.
Gamification in EFL classroom to support teaching and learning in 21st century

In the 21st century, the use of games becomes a trend within adults and youngsters, and has recently obtained a massive notice of academics, educators, and practitioners. Gamification is a term used in learning with games that can be used to improve English since it reflects an innovative and captivating learning activity. Several studies on gamification show that it can make students feel more excited and motivated during their effort to elevate their English language skills. In this research, one medium of gamification called Duolingo was explored in grammar learning activities for the second-year students in the subject of “Grammar for Written Discourse”. They used Duolingo from their smartphones to support their grammar learning. This research employed an action research design in which observations, questionnaires, and documentation were used to collect the data. By the end of the result, it can be concluded that Duolingo is a medium that can be effectively used to implement gamification in language learning. It is also confirmed that students gave positive attitudes and results in the implementation of Duolingo in grammar lesson. The results of the research can be used as a reference in facilitating the students with innovative and captivating English learning to support teaching and learning in the 21st century.
Al-Azhar Un. Journal for Research and Studies. Vol 3(1) Dec.2021

Essentially, Trichinella spiralis is considered to be a re-emerging intestinal and tissue parasitic nematode that causes serious foodborne infections worldwide. To evaluate the role of a commonly used Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB) (nifedipine) on muscular phase of murine trichinellosis utilizing parasitological and histopathological parameters. The study was carried out on 45 Swiss albino mice. The infection was done orally for the infected groups with about 250 ±50 Trichinella spiralis larvae (TSL). Sacrification of mice was done on the 35th day postinfection (PI). Detection and counting the number of larvae in the diaphragm of mice of each group were done microscopically and specimens were taken and fixed in 10% formalin to detect histopathological changes. The study revealed that nifedipine has reduction rate (67.96%) on Trichinella larvae count in diaphragm. Histopathological examination revealed mild reduction of inflammatory reactions. Nifedipine has been concluded to be used in the treatment of trichinellosis, to reduce the number of larvae and to improve pathological changes.