Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term vegetation stability in northern Europe as assessed by changes in species co-occurrences

Background: The effect of the anticipated climate change on the stability of vegetation and the factors underlying this stability are not well understood. Aims: Our objective was to quantify long-term vegetation changes in a range of habitats in northern Europe by exploring species co-occurrences and their links to diversity and productivity gradients. Methods: We re-sampled vegetation in 16 arctic, mountain and mire sites 20 to 90 years after the original inventories. A site-specific change in species assemblages (stability) was quantified using species co-occurrences. Using a randomisation test we tested whether the changes observed were significantly greater than those expected by chance. Relationships between patterns in vegetation stability and time between surveys, numbers of plots, or species diversity and proxies for productivity, were tested using regression analysis. Results: At most sites the changes in species co-occurrences of vascular plants and bryophytes were greater than those expected by chance. The changes observed were found to be unrelated to gradients in productivity or diversity. Conclusions: Changes in species co-occurrences are not strongly linked to diversity or productivity gradients in vegetation, suggesting that other gradients or site-specific factors (e.g. land use or species interactions) may be more important in controlling recent compositional shifts in vegetation in northern Europe.
Effect of dietary probiotic Biogen® supplementation as a growth promoter on growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

Probiotic microbial feed supplements are gaining wide acceptance in livestock production, and may be applicable to aquaculture production systems. The present study was conducted to examine probiotic treatment in the fingerling diet of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.). A total of 240 of Nile tilapia fingerlings (weight ranged from 22.96 to 26.40 g) were divided into five experimental groups. The experiment was conducted for 120 days. Experimental diets were identical in all, except for the variation in probiotic levels. A probiotic (Biogen®) was used at 0% (diet 1), 0.5% (diet 2), 1.5% (diet 3), 2.0% (diet 4) and 2.5% (diet 5) inclusion rates in the experimental diets. The growth performance and nutrient utilization of Nile tilapia including weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, protein productive value and energy retention were significantly (P≤0.01) higher in the treatment receiving probiotic (Biogen®) than the control diet. No differences were observed for moisture, ash and protein content (P≤0.01) among the experimental diets. The lowest gross energy and lipid contents were recorded for fish fed the diet containing 0.5% Biogen® (P≤0.01). The production performance and subsequent cost–benefit analyses clearly indicated that the diets containing probiotic biogen recorded the highest net return and the lowest total cost compared with the control diet.
Effect of Feeding Rubber Seed Kernel and Palm Kernel Cake in Combination on Nutrient Utilization, Rumen Fermentation Characteristics, and Microbial Populations in Goats Fed on Briachiaria humidicola Hay-based Diets

Six male crossbred (Thai NativeAnglo Nubian) goats, with an average initial weight of , were randomly assigned according to a factorial arrangement in a Latin square design with a 21-d period to evaluate the effect of feeding rubber seed kernel (RSK) and palm kernel cake (PKC) in combination on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation characteristics, and nitrogen utilization. The dietary treatments were as follows: i) concentrate containing 0% RSK and 20% PKC (), ii) 0% RSK and 30% PKC (), iii) 20% RSK and 20% PKC (), iv) 20% RSK and 30% PKC (), v) 30% RSK and 20% PKC (), and vi) 30% RSK and 30% PKC (). During the experiment, signal hay was given on an ad libitum basis as the roughage. It was found that RSK levels and PKC levels had no interaction effects on feed intake, apparent digestibility, -N, blood metabolites, VFA concentrations, and nitrogen utilization, but there were interactions between RSK levels and PKC levels with respect to total DMI (kg/d) and total VFA concentrations, and goats receiving 30% RSK had lower values (p0.05) feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation patterns, blood metabolites, and nitrogen utilization. However, increasing RSK levels (>20%) resulted in a slightly lower daily DMI (% BW and g/kg ), apparent digestibility (NDF and ADF), total N intake, and N excretion than in goats fed on 0 and 20% RSK. BUN, blood glucose, and propionate were variable among treatment and were highest in 0% RSK with the 20% PKC fed group having values which were higher than those in other groups. However, there were no differences (p>0.05) among treatments with respect to N retention, PD output, and microbial N supply. Based on this study, RSK levels up to 20% and PKC at 20-30% in concentrate could be efficiently utilized for goats fed on signal hay.
A product-technology portfolio alignment approach for food industry: a multi-criteria decision making with z-numbers

To design a novel hybrid approach to illustrate a reciprocal alignment to integrate future products and technologies. This mixed qualitative-quantitative method aims to optimize the final product portfolio and production technologies alignment in the food industry. ,A list of products and technologies is extracted and evaluated by experts employing Market Attractiveness and Ease of Implementations Matrix (MA-EI) for products and attractiveness and technological Capability Matrix (A-C) for technologies. Weights of high-scored alternatives are attained applying the Z-number extension of Best Worst Method (ZBWM). After the product-technology matrix is formed and the alignment scores of each pair are determined by experts. Subsequently, final scores are computed, and a framework is proposed by electing high-ranked products and technology of each cluster to form the aligned product and technology portfolios of a food and hygiene industry company. ,By employing an uncertain multicriteria decision-making approach besides product and technology matrices in a food industry corporation, among 40 technology and product, 13 products by 6 technologies are proposed. Thus, only six technology are necessary to manufacture the highly important and effective products. ,The combination of product and technology analysis matrixes with an uncertain decision-making approach is considered as a novel approach in this research. Moreover, the distinctness between the present study and other researches is the concurrent unified aspect of product portfolio and technology optimization and its implementation in the planning discussion, especially in the food industry.
Molecular Systematics of the Rhinocryptid Genus Pteroptochos

Relationships within the rhinocryptid genus Pteroptochos (huet-huets and turca) were investigated using complete sequences of the mitochondrial genes COII and ND3. Phylogenetic analysis of multiple individuals per taxon revealed that P. castaneus, P. tarnii, and P. megapodius constitute separate lineages, with P. castaneus and P. tarnii as sister taxa, and P. megapodius sister to these. Bootstrap support for these results was strong (79-100%). Sequence divergence between species was high, ranging from 6.1% between P. castaneus and P. tarnii to 7.6% between P. castaneus and P. megapodius. High genetic divergence between P. castaneus and P. tarnii is consistent with plumage and vocal differences between these taxa, and they appear to be separate species under both biological and phylogenetic species concepts. The BioBio River, a proposed dispersal barrier to P. tarnii, may be ineffective in limiting gene flow in this species, east of its confluence with the Laja River.
The landscape of academic literature in quantum technologies

In this study, we investigated the academic literature on quantum technologies (QT) using bibliometric tools. We used a set of 49,823 articles obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database using a search query constructed through expert opinion. Analysis of this revealed that QT is deeply rooted in physics, and the majority of the articles are published in physics journals. Keyword analysis revealed that the literature could be clustered into three distinct sets, which are (i) quantum communication/cryptography, (ii) quantum computation, and (iii) physical realizations of quantum systems. We performed a burst analysis that showed the emergence and fading away of certain key concepts in the literature. This is followed by co-citation analysis on the “highly cited” articles provided by the WoS, using these we devised a set of core corpus of 34 publications. Comparing the most highly cited articles in this set with respect to the initial set we found that there is a clear difference in most cited subjects. Finally, we performed co-citation analyses on country and organization levels to find the central nodes in the literature. Overall, the analyses of the datasets allowed us to cluster the literature into three distinct sets, construct the core corpus of the academic literature in QT, and to identify the key players on country and organization levels, thus offering insight into the current state of the field. Search queries and access to figures are provided in the appendix.
The use of spatially patterned methods for vegetation restoration and management across systems

Widespread degradation of natural lands has created an urgent need for restoration. However, the high cost of conventional techniques limits the extent and success of restoration efforts. As a result, practitioners have developed new cost‐effective techniques. Spatially patterned restoration methods, where established clusters of plant species serve as propagule sources across a broad target area, have been proposed as practical restoration techniques. The spatial patterning is expected to reduce initial costs and provide ecological benefits such as increasing habitat heterogeneity. Over the past three decades, multiple spatially patterned restoration methods have emerged around the globe; however, it is unclear whether applications and theoretical foundations have been connected across methods. We conducted a literature review and bibliometric network analyses to (1) examine patterns in focal study systems, cost‐effectiveness, and ecological outcomes for spatially patterned restoration methods and (2) analyze connectivity among the bodies of literature associated with common spatially patterned restoration methods to identify knowledge gaps and synergies. We found the three most commonly studied methods are applied nucleation, slot seeding, and strip seeding. Applied nucleation studies mainly occurred in tropical forests and emphasized plant diversity and seed‐dispersing animal visitation. Slot‐seeding and strip‐seeding studies both primarily occurred in temperate grasslands and emphasized plant establishment and production. Applied nucleation and slot‐seeding approaches had distinct theoretical bases, as evidenced by patterns in reference citation, while strip‐seeding approaches did not draw from a unified body of literature. We discuss the need for full economic analyses and theoretical links between the different methods.
Aspirations and Hope Distribution in the Emigration of Maghrebi Europeans in Montreal

Abstract The article addresses contemporary forms of European emigration more specifically of Belgian and French ‘second-generation’ migrant youngsters of Maghrebi background leaving Europe for Montreal (Canada). Building on an ethnographic field research conducted in France, Belgium and Montreal over a period of four years, this article explores the aspirations that participants pursued through migration and how these aspirations evolved in the course of the migration trajectory. This article describes young Maghrebi European’s experiences as unfolding in different configurations of hope distribution in Europe and Canada. While the emergence of emigration desires is connected with the shrinking hope for desirable futures in Europe, moving to Montreal is experienced as an opening of new hopes albeit with mixed results in terms of actual economic or professional upward mobility.
Influence of soil temperature on Rhizoctonia root rot (R. solani AG-8 and R. oryzae) of winter wheat

Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 and R. oryzae are associated with Rhizoctonia root rot of cereals in the northwestern United States. These pathogens were evaluated in the greenhouse and field for effects on disease severity and growth, development, and yield of winter wheat. Experiments in the greenhouse were performed either with pasteurized soil mixture or intact cores of natural soil collected from the field. Soil temperatures were controlled at diurnal cycles of 27/16, 23/11, or 19/6 C, or experiments were performed at ambient temperatures of 28/15 C. Inocula of the Rhizoctonia species were also placed in a band below winter wheat seed in the field. R. solani caused moderate to severe disease and reduced plant growth and development in all six greenhouse and field tests [. ]
Comparison between the diet of two dolphins from south-eastern Brazil: proximate-composition and caloric value of prey species

A comparison between the diet of the franciscana and the boto-cinza is presented through the proximate-composition and caloric value of their main prey. The fish Stellifer cf. rastrifer, Pellona harroweri, Anchoa filifera, Isopisthus parvippinnis and Trichiurus lepturus and the squids Loligo sanpaulensis and L. plei were analysed for water, protein, lipid and mineral contents and gross energy (GE). The fish are more important in the diet of the boto-cinza and squids are consumed mostly by the franciscana. Loligo sanpaulensis had the higher water content and protein was the largest fraction of the organic matter in all prey species. Squids presented greater GE values than fish. The data on prey composition and energy from this study are the first for these South American dolphins.
EFFECT OF ONE NIGHT WITH LOW LIGHT ON UPTAKE, REDUCTION AND STORAGE OF NITRATE IN SPINACH

During the night, shoot nitrate concentration in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Vroeg Reuzenblad) increased due to increased uptake of nitrate by the roots. When the plants were subjected to a one night “low light’period at 35 μmol m−2 s−1, the shoot nitrate concentration did not increase and was reduced by 25% compared to control plants in the dark. The major contribution to this decrease was located in the leaf blades, where the nitrate concentration was decreased by 60%, while the petiole nitrate concentration decreased by only 9%. Nitrate accumulated in the leaf blade vacuoles during a dark night, but this was not the case during the “low light’period. This decrease in vacuolar nitrate concentration, compared to control plants in the dark, was not caused by increased amounts of leaf blade nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.6.6.1). During a “low light’night period, the cytoplasmic soluble carbohydrate concentration was increased compared to the control plants in the dark. Calculations showed in situ NR activity to be higher than in the control plants in the dark. This increase in NR activity, however, was not large enough to account for the total difference found in the shoot nitrate concentration. Net uptake of nitrate by the roots was increased during the initial hours of the dark night, while vacuolar nitrate concentration in the leaf blades increased at the same time. During the “low light’night period, however, net uptake of nitrate by the roots did not increase, and vacuolar nitrate concentration did not change. We conclude that nitrate uptake by the roots and vacuolar nitrate concentration in the leaf blades are tightly coupled. The decreased shoot nitrate concentration is mainly caused by a reduction in net uptake of nitrate by the roots. During the “low light’night period, carbohydrates and malic acid partly replaced vacuolar nitrate. A “low light’period one night prior to harvest provides a valuable tool to reduce shoot nitrate concentrations in spinach grown in greenhouses in the winter months.
Spatial and temporal variation in results of purple urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) toxicity tests with zinc

Purple urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) were maintained in year‐round spawning condition in the laboratory for use in fertilization and larval development experiments designed to assess temporal variability in response to zinc. Results of these tests were compared to those from tests using gametes obtained from a field‐collected population. Fertilization and larval development tests were also conducted comparing field‐collected purple urchins from three geographically distinct groups on the West Coast of the United States. Fertilization tests conducted to assess temporal variability produced variable median effects concentrations (EC50s) ranging from 4.1 to >100 μg/L zinc. Larval development tests produced more consistent EC50s, which averaged 107.4 ± 21.9 μg/L zinc for laboratory purple urchins and 97.2 ± 19.2 μg/L zinc for field‐collected purple urchins. Larval development tests did not demonstrate significant differences in response to zinc between geographically distinct purple urchin populations. Fertilization test variability was examined in terms of sperm concentration and sperm collection method during two seasons. Reduced variability was found with dry sperm collection in tests conducted in March 1995 but increased again in tests conducted in June 1995, regardless of sperm collection method. Increased variability in response to zinc may be caused by seasonal temperature effects.
Effect of abiotic resistance inducers, γ-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA), ascorbic acid and chitosan on certain enzyme activities of eggplant inoculated with root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

Treatments with γ-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and chitosan by foliar spray or root dipping technique to eggplant growing under greenhouse conditions before and after inoculation of Meloidogyne incognita showed a generalised increase in the activity of the enzymes, peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and chitinase as compared with the infected non treated control. The maximum increase in POX activity occurred after 10 days of nematode inoculation. The relative PPO activity with chitosan at 2500 ppm, GABA at 5000 ppm and ascorbic acid at 10 ppm using root dipping was found to be 375, 338 and 175% of control, respectively. As for PPO oxidase, the maximum activity was observed after five days of nematode inoculation by using ascorbic acid at 10 ppm followed by GABA at 5000 ppm and chitosan at 2500 ppm by root dipping (800, 767 and 600% of control), respectively, while the highest chitinase enzyme activity (281% of control) was observed using chitosan at 2500 ppm after 10 days of inoculation.
Influence of Chilling Stress on the Intercellular Distribution of Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction and Thiols in Zea mays

Abstract: The effect of chilling on the intercellular distribution of mRNAs for enzymes of assimilatory sulfate reduction, the activity of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate reductase (APR), and the level of glutathione was analysed in leaves and roots of maize (Zea mays L). At 25 °C the mRNAs for APR, ATP sulfurylase, and sulfite reductase accumulated in bundle-sheath only, whereas the mRNA for O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase was also detected in mesophyll cells. Glutathione was predominantly detected in mesophyll cells; however, oxidized glutathione was equally distributed between the two cell types. Chilling at 12 °C induced oxidative stress which resulted in increased concentrations of oxidized glutathione in both cell types and a prominent increase of APR mRNA and activity in bundle-sheath cells. After chilling, mRNAs for APR and sulfite reductase, as well as low APR activity, were detected in mesophyll cells. In roots, APR mRNA and activity were at higher levels in root tips than in the mature root and were greatly increased after chilling. These results demonstrate that chilling stress affected the levels and the intercellular distribution of mRNAs for enzymes of sulfate assimilation.
Evaluation of Cold Tolerance in NERICAs Compared with Japanese Standard Rice Varieties at the Reproductive Stage

New Rice for Africa (NERICA) is a general name for interspecific rice varieties derived from a cross between the high-yielding Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) between locally adapted African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.). Eight NERICAs were evaluated for cold tolerance (CT) at the reproductive stage and compared with their O. sativa parents and three Japanese standard rice varieties over 3 years. Cold tolerance was evaluated based on the filled grain ratio (FGR) after cold water irrigation. The FGR was greatly reduced by cold water irrigation. NERICA 1, 2 and 7 had higher FGR (51.9–57.9 %), while NERICA 6, 15 and 16 had lower FGR (6.2–14.5 %). NERICA 1, 2 and 7 were less affected by cold stress, with a 31 % mean reduction in FGR, while NERICA 6, 15 and 16 were greatly affected, with their FGRs being reduced by more than 80 %. NERICA 3 and 4 were moderately affected by cold stress, with about 45 % reduction rate in FGR. FGR significantly influenced the grain weights of the varieties with strong positive correlations (r = 0.83–0.91; P < 0.001), and thus, similar trends in grain weights were observed. Grain weights were reduced by 61.7–96.4 % under cold stress. NERICA 1, 2 and 7 showed significantly better performance than NERICA 3 and 4, while NERICA 6, 15 and 16 performed poorly under cold water irrigation. The Japanese varieties Koshihikari (very tolerant) and Ozora (moderately tolerant) were more affected by cold water irrigation than NERICA 1, 2 and 7. On the basis of the mean reduction rate (%) in FGR under cold stress, the varieties were classified as follows: NERICA 1, 2 and 7 as tolerant; NERICA 3 and 4 as moderately tolerant; and NERICA 6, 15 and 16 as susceptible to cold stress. However, NERICA 7 grain yields were lower under cold stress due to both greatly reduced number of panicles per plant and number of spikelets per panicle. Therefore, NERICA 1 and 2 are suitable candidates for production in the highland regions of East Africa and should be promoted for production.
Medication errors among Iranian emergency nurses: A systematic review

OBJECTIVES Medication errors (MEs) made by nurses are the most common errors in emergency departments (EDs). Identifying the factors responsible for MEs is crucial in designing optimal strategies for reducing such occurrences. The present study aimed to review the literature describing the prevalence and factors affecting MEs among emergency ward nurses in Iran. METHODS We searched electronic databases, including the Scientific Information Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, for scientific studies conducted among emergency ward nurses in Iran. The studies were restricted to full-text, peer-reviewed studies published from inception to December 2019, in the Persian and English languages, that evaluated MEs among emergency ward nurses in Iran. RESULTS Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of the nurses (58.9%) had committed MEs only once. The overall mean rate of MEs was 46.2%, and errors made during drug administration accounted for 41.7% of MEs. The most common type of administration error was drug omission (17.8%), followed by administering drugs at the wrong time (17.5%) and at an incorrect dosage (10.6%). The lack of an adequate nursing workforce during shifts and improper nurse-patient ratios were the most critical factors affecting the occurrence of MEs by nurses. CONCLUSIONS Despite the increased attention on patient safety in Iran, MEs by nurses remain a significant concern in EDs. Therefore, nurse managers and policy-makers must take adequate measures to reduce the incidence of MEs and their potential negative consequences.