Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practitioner seniority as a predictor of pap smear quality in Barat Daya District, Penang

The quality of pap smear determined by the specimen adequacy of cervical smears. It plays an important role to detect changes in the cervix particularly the transformation zone (TZ). This study aimed to determine factors associated with poor pap smear quality in Barat Daya District, Penang. This is a cross-sectional study of 276 randomly selected specimens of woman who underwent pap smear test in all government health clinics in Barat Daya District, Penang between January until June 2019. Study proforma was based on cytological report issued by Pathology Department, Penang Hospital and staff records in Nursing Unit, Barat Daya District Health Office. 30.1% has poor smear quality. Women who are menopause are twice the risk to have poor smear quality [Adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.34(1.14, 4.84), p<0.05]. Using conventional method are also had twice the risk of having poor smear quality [Adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.32 (1.14, 4.63), p<0.05], and there were 40% increase in risk of getting poor smear with every increment of 10 years duration of service [Adjusted OR (95%CI): 1.04 (1.0,1.09), P<0.05]. There is a need for credential and privileging for staff nurses to improve smear quality since patient’s menopausal status cannot be controlled. Using Liquid-based method is also recommended to improve the quality of pap smear result
Ejidos, Urbanization, and the Production of Inequality in Formerly Agricultural Lands, Guadalajara, Mexico, 1975–2020

The ejido is an institution of communal land tenure and governance administered by the Mexican government. This paper assesses the current visual appearance of landscapes and implicit land use in ejidal lands on the periphery of Guadalajara, Mexico, using Google Street View (GSV) images tagged for signs of urban distress. Distressed landscapes are associated with the temporal process of urban expansion—newer settlements tend to be more visibly impoverished. Concentrations of vulnerable housing are correlated with encroached-upon ejidal lands in a process that was underway by the 1970s, well before Mexico’s neoliberal turn. Ejidos on the urban periphery, created to support agricultural communities during Mexico’s radical period of agrarian reform, are now sites of urban sprawl and impoverishment. Nevertheless, these communities remain legally salient as federal entities with respect to the disposition of land. Their presence complicates the historical evolution of land use in the urban periphery in ways that do not fit into classical central place models. We conclude that the presence of ejidos is associated with rapid and chaotic urbanization by migrants and the loss of agricultural capacity in Guadalajara’s periphery.
Understanding the Language of ISIS: An Empirical Approach to Detect Radical Content on Twitter Using Machine Learning

The internet, particularly online social networking platforms have revolutionized the way extremist groups are influencing and radicalizing individuals. Recent research reveals that the process initiates by exposing vast audiences to extremist content and then migrating potential victims to confined platforms for intensive radicalization. Consequently, social networks have evolved as a persuasive tool for extremism aiding as recruitment platform and psychological warfare. Thus, recognizing potential radical text or material is vital to restrict the circulation of the extremist chronicle. The aim of this research work is to identify radical text in social media. Our contributions are as follows: (i) A new dataset to be employed in radicalization detection; (ii) In depth analysis of new and previous datasets so that the variation in extremist group narrative could be identified; (iii) An approach to train classifier employing religious features along with radical features to detect radicalization; (iv) Observing the use of violent and bad words in radical, neutral and random groups by employing violent, terrorism and bad words dictionaries. Our research results clearly indicate that incorporating religious text in model training improves the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of the classifiers. Secondly a variation in extremist narrative has been observed implying that usage of new dataset can have substantial effect on classifier performance. In addition to this, violence and bad words are creating a differentiating factor between radical and random users but for neutral (anti-ISIS) group it needs further investigation.
The influence of environmental variations on the phenolic compound profiles and antioxidant activity of two medicinal Patagonian valerians (Valeriana carnosa Sm. and V. clarionifolia Phil.)

: Valeriana carnosa and V. clarionifolia stand out as principal elements in the indigenous pharmacopeias of Patagonia; however, their phytochemical characterization is unknown. This study constitutes the starting point of a general project that aims to characterize secondary metabolites in these species. The variability of phenolic compounds in root ethanolic extracts was analyzed and compared for thirteen populations of V. carnosa and two of V. clarionifolia from the south of Argentinean Patagonia. Phenolic content was quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the putative phenolic
PLANT RESPONSES TO SOME HARDLY KNOWN TRACE ELEMENTS AND TRACE ELEMENT COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION IN PLANTS

Modest plant-yield responses have been observed in studies in this laboratory with plants grown in solution culture and/or in soil for Sn, V, Ni, Cr, Pb, and Li. In one study in which both Ni and Cr were applied simultaneously, yield increases were very pronounced. A concerted effort then to establish the possible essential nature of the hardly known trace elements should involve simultaneous addition of two or more of such elements because additive, it not synergistic effects, are possible. Accompanying plant analyses for several of the hardly known trace elements should include root analysis, because very little of some elements is translocated to shoots.
Spleen plays a major role in DLL4-driven acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia

The Notch pathway is highly active in almost all patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), but the implication of Notch ligands in T-ALL remains underexplored. Methods: We used a genetic mouse model of Notch ligand delta like 4 (DLL4)-driven T-ALL and performed thymectomies and splenectomies in those animals. We also used several patient-derived T-ALL (PDTALL) models, including one with DLL4 expression on the membrane and we treated PDTALL cells in vitro and in vivo with demcizumab, a blocking antibody against human DLL4 currently being tested in clinical trials in patients with solid cancer. Results: We show that surgical removal of the spleen abrogated T-ALL development in our preclinical DLL4-driven T-ALL mouse model. Mechanistically, we found that the spleen, and not the thymus, promoted the accumulation of circulating CD4+CD8+ T cells before T-ALL onset, suggesting that DLL4-driven T-ALL derives from these cells. Then, we identified a small subset of T-ALL patients showing higher levels of DLL4 expression. Moreover, in mice xenografted with a DLL4-positive PDTALL model, treatment with demcizumab had the same therapeutic effect as global Notch pathway inhibition using the potent γ-secretase inhibitor dibenzazepine. This result demonstrates that, in this PDTALL model, Notch pathway activity depends on DLL4 signaling, thus validating our preclinical mouse model. Conclusion: DLL4 expression in human leukemic cells can be a source of Notch activity in T-ALL, and the spleen plays a major role in a genetic mouse model of DLL4-driven T-ALL.
3D Out‐of‐Plane Rotational Etching with Pinned Catalysts in Metal‐Assisted Chemical Etching of Silicon

Pinned structures in conjunction with shaped catalysts are used in metal‐assisted chemical etching (MACE) of silicon to induce out‐of‐plane rotational etching. Sub‐micro‐ and nanostructures are fabricated in silicon, which include scooped‐out channels and curved subsurface horns, along with vertically oriented thin metal structures. Five different etching modes induced by catalyst and pinning geometry are identified: 1) fully pinned–no etching, 2) rotation via twist, 3) rotation via delamination, 4) in‐plane bending, and 5) swinging. The rotation angle is roughly controlled through catalyst geometry. The force and pressure experienced by the catalyst are calculated from the deformation of the catalyst and range between 0.5–3.5 μN and 0.5–3.9 MPa, respectively. This is a new, simple method to fabricate 3D, heterogeneous sub‐micro‐ and nanostructures in silicon with high feature fidelity on the order of tens of nanometers while providing a method to measure the forces responsible for catalyst motion during MACE.
The effects of suitability and acceptability of lean principles in the flow of waste management on construction project performance

Abstract Poor project performance in Malaysian construction industry resulting from poor cost management, time overrun, and inadequate quality has encouraged scholars to investigate the feasibility, suitability, and acceptability of lean principles in the construction sector. The purpose of this study was to assess the appropriateness and acceptability of lean principles by construction companies based in Pahang, Malaysia. This study applied quantitative methods and a simple random sampling technique to select 104 respondents from construction companies located in Pahang, Malaysia. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Results show that three variables in lean principles, namely operation in the flow of waste management, employee involvement in the flow of waste management, and continuous flow of waste management, support construction project performance. Conversely, information about flow in waste management negatively influences project performance. The findings from this study can be used as a guideline for better performance in cost management for Malaysia's construction industry.
Educating donors about deferrals through the provision of tailored materials: Findings from a survey of deferred donors

Receiving a temporary deferral has been shown to negatively affect donor retention. One contributing factor for low donor return may be poor understanding of why the deferral has occurred. The aim of this study was to determine whether new educational materials‐a brochure, guided conversation, and follow‐up email‐increased deferred donors' knowledge about their donation eligibility, satisfaction with the deferral process, intention to return, and odds of rebooking another appointment.
Time-Periodic Structures and Instabilities in Shear-Thickening Polymer Solutions

We revisit the problem of flow-induced structural changes in semidilute polystyrene/dioctyl phthalate (PS/DOP) solutions below their theta temperature by focusing on the high-shear-stress regime where thickening occurs. We observe a strong coupling of flow instabilities to the induced structure resulting from the enhanced concentration fluctuations. This behavior is manifested as a time-periodic signal of both the optical (birefringence and dichroism) and mechanical responses and represents an identifying signature of the strong-thickening region, being enhanced by shear stress and disappearing at low stresses or above the theta point. At the higher stresses, macroscopic rings are formed throughout the sample and sustained over the duration of the shearing. The emerging picture suggests that flow-enhanced fluctuations and eventually phase separation are the cause of shear thickening.
Trust Does Beget Trustworthiness and Also Begets Trust in Others

Social scientists widely believe that trust begets trustworthiness, meaning that persons reward actions that they view as expressing trust. But evidence from the trust game (also known as the investment game)—introduced by Berg, Dickhaut, and McCabe and frequently used to test this relationship—is surprisingly inconclusive. The present article therefore reexamines this hypothesis (Experiment 1), using the trust game but incorporating mediation analysis and distinguishing between trust and distrust effects. The trust game has been used to study the effects of trust within a relationship: when A trusts B, does this affect B’s behavior toward A? This research (in Experiment 2) extends the question: when A trusts B, is B more likely to trust another player C in a second (unrelated) game? If so, then trust relationships have a transitive structure. Taken together, findings from these experiments show that trust begets trustworthiness and also trust in others.
PHENOTYPIC, GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CORRELATIONS BETWEEN BODY WEIGHT AND LINEAR BODY TRAITS OF CHICKEN GENOTYPES

Data from 123, 49, 116, 137, 42 and 64 chickens belonging to Isa Brown x frizzle feathered (IBxF), Isa Brown x naked neck (IBxNa), Isa Brown x normal feathered (IBxN), frizzle feathered x Isa Brown (FxIB), naked neck x Isa Brown (NaxIB) and normal feathered x Isa Brown (NxIB) genotypes, respectively were used to establish phenotypic (rP), genetic (rG) and environmental (rE) correlations between body weight and linear body traits at 2, 10 and 20 weeks of age. Phenotypic correlations were analyzed by Pearson’s Product Moment method. Genetic and environmental correlations were estimated by covariance analysis. The highest rP estimates were obtained between body weight and shank length (SL) in IBxF (0.84) and NxIB (0.87) at 10 weeks, body width (BW) in IBxNa (0.84) and IBxN (0.72), drumstick length (DL) in FxIB (0.71) and NaxIB (0.88) at 20 weeks. Body weight had highest rG estimates with SL in NxIB (0.99), BW in IBxF (2.40), wing length (WL) in BxNa (0.91) and FxIB (7.39) at 10 weeks, body girth (BG) in IBxN (0.97) and BW of NaxIB (4.73) at 20 weeks. However, SL of IBxNa (-5.15), BG of NaxIB (-0.53), keel length (KL) of NxIB (0.35), WL of IBxF (-0.38) and FxIB (-1.41) at 2 weeks and WL of IBxN (-0.43) at 20 weeks had the least rE with body weight. Indirect selection of body weight using the highest phenotypic, genetic and lowest environmental correlated linear traits will result in rapid genetic improvement in these chickens.
Polarization of three-ring Schiff base ferroelectric liquid crystals

ABSTRACT Chiral smectic C* (SmC*) phase possessing high spontaneous polarization has been of huge interest due to its academic as well as technological importance. Herein, we report the results of temperature and field variation polarization measurements performed on five structurally analogous calamitic three-ring ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLC) belonging to a homologous series, showing the SmC* phase. Of the five FLCs studied, three are (R)-enantiomers referred to as SB(R)-9, SB(R)-11, SB(R)-12 and the other two are (S)-enantiomers denoted as SB(S)-10 and SB(S)-11. These newly synthesised FLCs exhibit blue phase-I/II (BPI or BPII), chiral nematic (N*) phases and a metastable smectic (SmX) phase occurring below the SmC* phase. The polarization in the SmC* phase increases with the increase in the voltage due to the unwinding of the helix and gets saturated when the helix is completely unwound at a higher voltage. The polarization appears at N*-SmC* transition point and increases with a decrease in the temperature in the ferroelectric SmC* phase. The results obtained have been described based on the intermolecular interaction as well as a dipolar contribution, and these results may facilitate to understand the structural-property relationship of FLCs. Graphical Abstract
Cohesive Channel Response to Watershed Urbanization: Insights from the Sand River, Aiken SC

Stream channel degradation is among the most widely documented symptoms of urban stream syndrome arising from watershed urbanization. Nevertheless, our present understanding of space and time scales associated with channel response to urbanization is poorly constrained and largely limited to assessments of non-cohesive systems. The purpose of this study is to assess the evolution of a cohesive, ephemeral river channel in response to watershed urbanization. The assessment of historical images document the stable, pre-urbanized channel conditions from 1870 to 1930. Historical assessments revealed a 131% increase in urbanized watershed area from 1930 to 1992, and a minimal increase in urbanized extent from 1992 to 2012. A 2012 lidar dataset was used to generate the modern long-channel profile, to reconstruct cross-channel profiles observed in 2002, and to estimate the volume flux of sediment removed from the channel from 1930 to 1992, and from 1992 to 2012. The long-channel profile reveals incision of up to 35 m in response to urbanization from 1930 to 1992. Cross-channel profiles reveal incision and widening of 2.5 and 3 m, respectively, from 2002 to 2012. Volume flux estimates indicate erosion rates of 9000 m3/yr during the first 62 years of the study period, and a flux of 4000 m3/yr after installation of stormwater control measures in 1992. Collectively, our findings highlight a cohesive channel that has undergone substantial incision and widening at a rate of ~0.20 m/yr since 1930, and the channel continues to adjust. Hence, we contend that the channel has not yet attained a new equilibrium “shape” at 82 years after peak land use change within the watershed, and that the channel will continue to adjust its shape until this new balance is achieved.
Trajectories of oral glucose tolerance testing in cystic fibrosis

Annual oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) is the recommended screening modality for cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes (CFRD) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aimed to determine if there were patterns of progression of worsening glucose homeostasis in pediatric CF patients and to explore any relationship to lung function.
Urinary extracellular vesicles: a rising star in bladder cancer management

Clinically, the detection of bladder cancer (BCa) typically requires cystoscopy, which is potentially harmful and sometimes accompanied by adverse effects. Thus, new biomarkers are desirable for improving the management of BCa. Recently, “liquid biopsy” has received enormous attentions and has been extensively studied due to its promising clinical implication for precise medicine. Especially, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted strong interest as a potential source of biomarkers. EVs have been reported to be found in almost all types of body fluids and are easy to collect. In addition, EVs tightly reflect the current state of the disease by inheriting specific biomolecules from their parental cells. Urinary EVs have gained great scientific interest in the field of BCa biomarker research since urine is in direct contact with BCa and can contain large amounts of EVs from the tumour microenvironment. To date, various kinds of biomolecules, including noncoding RNAs, mRNAs, and proteins, have been investigated as biomarkers in urinary EVs. In this narrative review, we summarize the recent advances regarding urinary EVs as non-invasive biomarkers in patients with BCa. The current hurdles in the clinical implications of EV-based liquid biopsy and the potential applications of EV research are also discussed.
Real-world Evidence of Diagnostic Testing and Treatment Patterns in U.S. Breast Cancer Patients with Implications for Treatment Biomarkers from RNA-sequencing Data

INTRODUCTION We performed a retrospective analysis of longitudinal real-world data (RWD) from breast cancer patients to replicate results from clinical studies and demonstrate the feasibility of generating real-world evidence. We also assessed the value of transcriptome profiling as a complementary tool for determining molecular subtypes. PATIENTS AND METHODS De-identified, longitudinal data were analyzed after abstraction from U.S. breast cancer patient records structured and stored in the Tempus database. Demographics, clinical characteristics, molecular subtype, treatment history, and survival outcomes were assessed according to strict qualitative criteria. RNA sequencing and clinical data were used to predict molecular subtypes and signaling pathway enrichment. RESULTS The clinical abstraction cohort (n=4,000) mirrored U.S. breast cancer demographics and clinical characteristics indicating feasibility for RWE generation. Among HER2+ patients, 74.2% received anti-HER2 therapy, with {small tilde}70% starting within 3 months of a positive test result. Most non-treated patients were early stage. In this RWD set, 31.7% of patients with HER2+ IHC had discordant FISH results recorded. Among patients with multiple HER2 IHC results at diagnosis, 18.6% exhibited intra-test discordance. Through development of a whole-transcriptome model to predict IHC receptor status in the molecular sequenced cohort (n=400), molecular subtypes were resolved for all patients (n=36) with equivocal HER2 statuses from abstracted test results. Receptor-related signaling pathways were differentially enriched between clinical molecular subtypes. CONCLUSION RWD in the Tempus database mirrors the overall U.S. breast cancer population. These results suggest real-time, RWD analyses are feasible in a large, highly heterogeneous database. Furthermore, molecular data may aid deficiencies and discrepancies observed from breast cancer RWD.
Long-term measurements (2009–2015) of non-methane hydrocarbons
(NMHCs) in a megacity of China: implication for emission validation
and source control

Abstract. Long term measurements of air pollutants represented the footprints of emissions to some extent, which could provide useful and consecutive evolution of emissions. Both atmospheric concentrations and emissions of many air pollutants have been reported decreasing in the past decade due to the implement of various control measures in China, which were different for non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) with increasing emissions as reported previously. The present study employed the long-term (2009–2015) NMHCs measurements as well as the related social and economic activities data in Shanghai, a megacity in eastern China, to explore the evolution of NMHCs emissions during the periods. The meteorology and photochemistry which might impact the NMHCs measurements were tested as negligible effects on an annual scale. As a result, NMHCs mixing ratio showed no statistic interannual changes, of which compositions varied significantly. This resulted a statistically decreasing trend of ozone formation potential by 3.8 % yr−1 (p
The Interannual Variability of the Tropical Divergence Tilt and Its Connection with the Extratropical Circulation

Previous theoretical work has suggested that the strength of the divergent eddy momentum flux in the deep tropics, due to correlations between rotational zonal velocities and divergent meridional velocities, increases with the meridional tilt of the large-scale divergence field. To test that idea, this work investigates the interannual variability of the divergent eddy momentum flux in reanalysis data. Consistent with the theory, it is found that the eddy momentum flux variability is driven by two main parameters: the amplitude of the tropical stationary wave and the tilt of the divergence field. Together, these two parameters account for 80% (90%) of the interannual eddy momentum flux variance during boreal (austral) winter. The interannual variability of these parameters is governed by the internal atmospheric dynamics. During boreal winter, interannual changes in MJO variability explain nearly half of the interannual variance in the stationary wave amplitude, depending on whether on average MJO anomalies interfere constructively or destructively with the stationary wave. The interannual variability of the divergence phase tilt is modulated by tropical–extratropical interactions in the Pacific. The tilt increases during the negative phase of the west Pacific Oscillation associated with a dipole of upper-level divergence (convergence) on the northern (southern) side of the Pacific jet exit region.