Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Force generation by polymerizing ﬁlaments revisited: diffusive interaction leads to nonlinear force-number scaling

Polymers growing against a barrier generate force and push it forward. We study here force generation by a bundle of N rigid polymers growing in parallel against a diffusing, rigid, ﬂat barrier, resembling a bundle of microtubules. To estimate the polymerization force, the barrier is subjected to a force f acting against the direction of growth of the polymers and the mean velocity V N ( f ) of the ﬁlament assembly is computed. The maximum polymerization force ( alias stall force) f Ns is deduced from the condition V N ( f Ns ) = 0 . This problem has been studied in the literature earlier, but two important aspects have escaped attention: (a) free diffusion of monomers is hindered by the barrier, even when it is far from the growing tips and (b) parallel ﬁlaments could interact through the monomer density ﬁeld (“diffusive coupling”), leading to negative interference between them. In our model, both these effects are investigated in detail. A mathematical treatment based on a set of continuum Fokker-Planck equations for combined ﬁlament-wall dynamics suggests that the barrier reduces the inﬂux of monomers to the growing polymer tip, thereby reducing the growth velocity and also the stall force, but it doesn’t affect the scaling of the stall force with number, i.e., f Ns = Nf 1 s . However, Brownian dynamics simulations show that the linear scaling holds only when the ﬁlaments are far apart; when they are arranged close together, forming a bundle, sublinear scaling of force with number appears. We argue that the nonlinear scaling could be attributed to diffusive interaction between the growing tips which becomes signiﬁcant when the tips are close together. These conclusions, initially established for simple ﬂat-faced polymers, are also found to hold true for microtubules with their characteristic hollow cylindrical geometry and rugged tip structure. In particular, simulations show conclusively that the stall force of a single microtubule is a fraction of the combined stall force of the 13 protoﬁlaments. This result is supported by a simple analytical estimate of the force using diffusive coupling theory, and is in agreement with earlier experimental observations.
The in£uence of vitamin K 1 on the structure and phase behaviour of model membrane systems

Vitamin K 1 is a component of the Photosystem I of plants which constitutes the major dietary form of vitamin K. The major function of this vitamin is to be cofactor of the microsomal Q -glutamylcarboxylase. Recently, novel roles for this vitamin in the membrane have been postulated. To get insight into the influence of vitamin K 1 on the phospholipid component of the membrane, we have studied the interaction between vitamin K 1 and model membranes composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DEPE). We utilized high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry and small-angle X-ray diffraction techniques. Vitamin K 1 affected the thermotropic properties of the phospholipids, broadened and shifted the transitions to lower temperatures, and produced the appearance of several peaks in the thermograms. The presence of the vitamin gave rise to the formation of vitamin-rich domains which were immiscible with the bulk phospholipid in both the gel and the liquid^crystalline phases. Vitamin K 1 was unable to alter the lamellar organization of DMPC, but we found that it produced an increase in the interlamellar repeat spacing of DMPC at 10‡C. Interestingly, vitamin K 1 promoted the formation of inverted hexagonal H II structures in the DEPE system. We discuss the possible implications that these vitamin K 1 ^phospholipid interactions might have with respect to the biological function of the vitamin. (cid:223) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva de feijão-caupi de porte semiprostrado

The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield adaptability and stability of semi-prostrate cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes. Twenty cowpea genotypes were evaluated using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model with supplementary genotype and environment. The trials were carried out in nine environments (Balsas, MA, 2010; Balsas, MA, 2011; Bom Jesus, PI, 2010; Bom Jesus, PI, 2011; Sao Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, 2010; Sao Raimundo das Mangabeiras, MA, 2011; Sao Joao do Piaui, PI, 2011; Campo Grande do Piaui, PI, 2011; Buriti, MA, 2011) of the Mid-North region of Brazil in a randomized complete block design with 20 treatments and four replicates. The effects of genotypes, environments, and genotype x environment interaction were significant. Genotypes differed as to yield adaptability and stability. The line MNC03-736F-2 presented genes for yield adaptability and stability. Among the evaluated genotypes, BR 17-Gurgueia and Pingo-de-Ouro-1-2 are the most predictable, and BRS Xiquexique is the most adapted. Among the test sites, Balsas, MA is the most appropriate for selection of genotypes superior for yield adaptability and stability.
in Leptomeningeal Metastasis Cranial Computed Tomographic Abnormalities

Sixty-four (57.6%) of 111 cancer patients with cerebrospinal fluid cytology positive for malignant cells had cranial computed tomographic (CT) scans within 2 weeks before or after a lumbar puncture. Twenty-two (34.3%) of the 64 had abnormal CT findings indicative of leptomeningeal metastasis: (1) sulcal-cisternal enhancement, (2) ependy mal-subependymal enhancement, (3) widened irregular tentorial enhancement, or (4) communicating hydrocephalus. Thirteen (59.6%) of these 22 patients had associated parenchymal metastases. Recognition of leptomeningeal disease may alter the man agement of patients with parenchymal metastases. Communicating hydrocephalus in cancer patients should be considered to be related to leptomeningeal metastasis until proven otherwise.
Weather Radar Network Beneﬁt Model for Tornadoes

A monetized tornado beneﬁt model is developed for arbitrary weather radar network conﬁgurations. Geospatial regression analyses indicate that improvement of two key radar parameters—fraction of vertical space observed and cross-range horizontal resolution—leads to better tornado warning performance as characterized by tornado detection probability and false-alarm ratio. Previous experimental results showing faster volume scan rates yielding greater warning performance are also incorporated into the model. Enhanced tornado warning performance, in turn, reduces casualty rates. In addition, lower false-alarm ratios save costs by cutting down on work and personal time lost while taking shelter. The model is run on the existing contiguous U.S. weather radar network as well as hypothetical future conﬁgurations. Results show thatthecurrentradarsprovideatornado-basedbeneﬁtof ; $490million(M)yr 2 1 . Theremainingbeneﬁtpool is about $260Myr 2 1 , split roughly evenly between coverage-and rapid-scanning-related gaps.
This paper is included in the

Scripting languages are continuously gaining popularity due to their ease of use and the ﬂourishing software ecosystems surrounding them. These languages o ﬀ er crash and memory safety by design. Thus, developers do not need to understand and prevent low-level security issues like the ones plaguing the C code. However, scripting languages often allow native extensions , a way for custom C / C ++ code to be invoked directly from the high-level language. While this feature promises several beneﬁts, such as increased performance or the reuse of legacy code, it can also break the language’s guarantees, e.g., crash safety. In this work, we ﬁrst provide a comparative analysis of the security risks of native extension APIs in three popular scripting languages. Additionally, we discuss a novel methodology for studying the misuse of the native extension API. We then perform an in-depth study of npm, an ecosystem that is most exposed to threats introduced by native extensions. We show that vulnerabilities in extensions can be exploited in their embedding library by producing reads of uninitialized memory, hard crashes, or memory leaks in 33 npm packages simply by invoking their API with well-crafted inputs. Moreover, we identify six open-source web applications in which a weak adversary can deploy such exploits remotely. Finally, we were assigned seven security advisories for the work presented in this paper, most labeled as high severity.
Does tourism ﬂ ow in cities drive green practices in the current smart city trajectories? Empirical evidence from Italy

Purpose – The concept of a smart city is becoming more closely linked to tourism destinations. The relationship between the environment, sustainability and tourism has become more interrelated. An eco-friendly city environment can influence tourists’ decisions, but tourist flows can also negatively impact the local ecosystem by increasing energy consumption, air pollution and environmental sustainability. In this research letter, the authors reverse this perspective, moving into smart city trajectories, highlighting that increasing tourism in cities drives the city to advance a green transition to respond to the imbalance generated by large flows of tourists that increase the users-density of the city. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the symbiotic relationship between increasing tourism in cities and the imperative for a greentransition. Design/methodology/approach – This study builds on the generalized method of moment approach and an 11-year panel data set covering 30 Italian cities to investigate the relationship between tourism flow and thecities’greenpracticesembeddedinthesmart environmentdimension. Findings – This study provides empirical evidence that a large flow of tourists in cities positively affects the cities’ greentransition, contributingtothe advancementofsmart tourismandsmart citydebate. Research limitations/implications – The study focuses only on one country, and although its results may be generalizable to the European Union, it is not representative at a global level and requires further research. Practical implications – This study offers practical implications underscoring the benefits of large tourisminflowinmanagingandimplementing smartcity projects. Social implications – Tourism and overtourism may lead to a city reaction regarding green practices, whichcan have a multiplierbenefit ontheurbanenvironment. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studyattempt to investigate the tourism flow as a driver of smart city implementation, considering the city’s reaction to tourism and overtourismconditionsinthecitythatwouldleadtotheecologicalandsustainablecollapseofacity.
Detecting Generated Text and Attributing Language Model Source with Fine-tuned Models and Semantic Understanding

The improvements in natural language generation have led to the development of sophisticated language models capable of generating long and short texts that are incredibly difficult to distinguish from human-written ones. This remarkable generative capability has spread concerns about the potential misuse of such language models, such as the spread of misinformation, plagiarism, and causing disruption in the education system. Therefore, it is important to have automatic systems to distinguish generated texts from human-authored ones (deepfake text detection), as well as recognise the language model which produced a certain text for legal and security issues (generative language model attribution). The aim of the AuTexTification challenge was to address those two tasks on texts generated by state-of-the-art language models like text-davinci-003, being one of the first versions of the powerful ChatGPT. We proposed two detection models for both tasks: fine-tuned BERTweet and TriFuseNet, a three-branched network working on stylistic and contextual features. We achieved an F1 score of 0.616 (0.565) with fine-tuned BERTweet and 0.715 (0.499) with TriFuseNet on the deepfake text detection (generative language model attribution) task. Our results emphasize the significance of leveraging style, semantics, and context to distinguish machine-generated from human-written texts and identify the generative language model source.
Management Practices As Predictors Of The Implementation Of Child - Friendly Schools’ Guidelines In North Central Nigeria

The purpose of this study was to find out the correlates of management practices as predictors on the implementation of child-friendly schools’ guidelines in North Central Nigeria. A correlational survey design was adopted for this study using a sample of 721 respondents comprising 271 head teachers and 450 teachers /care givers. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to draw the respondents from public-owned ECCE centres. The instrument for the study was a questionnaire. The instrument was validated by three experts while Cronbach Alpha method was used to establish its overall internal consistency index of 0.84. The data for the study were collected by the researcher with the help of three research assistants who were instructed. Data were analyzed using multiple regressions. Pearson’s Moment Correlation(r) and Coefficient of Determination (R 2 ) were used to answer all the research questions and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings among others revealed that effective participation of School-Based Management Committees’ (SBMCs) in the overall learning outcomes of children significantly predicts the implementation of child-friendly schools guidelines in North Central Nigeria. The researchers
examining the relationship between anxiety and depression and exacerbations of COPD which result in hospital admission: a systematic review

Objectives: Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the third largest cause of emergency hospital admissions in the UK. This systematic literature review explored the relationship between the hospitalization rates and the COPD comorbidities, anxiety, and depression. Methods: The Centre for Research Dissemination’s framework for systematic reviews was followed using search terms relating to COPD, anxiety, depression, and hospital admission. Papers identified were assessed for relevance and quality, using a suitable Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool and Mixed Methods Assessment Tool. Results: Twenty quantitative studies indicated that anxiety and depression led to a statistically significant increase in the likelihood of COPD patients being hospitalized. These comorbidities also led to an increased length of stay and a greater risk of mortality postdischarge. Other significant factors included lower Body-Mass Index, Airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise scores, female gender, lower socioeconomic status, poorer patient perceived quality of life, increased severity of lung function, and less improvement in dyspnea from admission to discharge. It was also highlighted that only 27%–33% of those with depression were being treated for it. Four qualitative studies revealed that patients saw anxiety and depression as a major factor that affected their ability to cope with and self-manage their condition. Implications: Findings from the systematic review have highlighted a need for better recogni-tion and treatment of anxiety and depression amongst individuals with COPD. Ongoing research will develop and test strategies for promoting better management and self-management as a means of reducing hospital admissions.
Off-Policy Evaluation with Deﬁcient Support Using Side Information

The Off-Policy Evaluation (OPE) problem consists in evaluating the performance of new policies from the data collected by another one. OPE is crucial when evaluating a new policy online is too expensive or risky. Many of the state-of-the-art OPE estimators are based on the Inverse Propensity Scoring (IPS) technique, which provides an unbiased estimator when the full support assumption holds, i.e., when the logging policy assigns a non-zero probability to each action. However, there are several scenarios where this assumption does not hold in practice, i.e., there is deﬁcient support, and the IPS estimator is biased in the general case. In this paper, we consider two alternative estimators for the deﬁcient support OPE problem. We ﬁrst show how to adapt an estimator that was originally proposed for a different domain to the deﬁcient support setting. Then, we propose another estimator, which is a novel contribution of this paper. These estimators exploit additional information about the actions, which we call side information, in order to make reliable estimates on the unsupported actions. Under alternative assumptions that do not require full support, we show that the considered estimators are unbiased. We also provide a theoretical analysis of the concentration when relaxing all the assumptions. Finally, we provide an experimental evaluation showing how the considered estimators are better suited for the deﬁcient support setting compared to the baselines.
Diarylidene-N-Methyl-4-Piperidone and Spirobibenzopyran Curcumin Analogues as Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacophores

There is a significant need for new small molecule anti-inflammatory compounds. Curcumin, a small molecule natural product from the Turmeric ( Curcuma longa ) plant, has well-known anti-oxidant properties, resulting from its radical scavenging ability and inhibition of inflammation-associated factors. However, its lack of solubility, instability, and poor bioavailability and biodistribution characteristics are an impediment to its use. To circumvent these issues while retaining curcumin’s biological activity, we synthesized twenty-one diarylidene-N-methyl-4-piperidones (DANMPs), four diheteroarylidene-N-methyl-4-piperidones (DHANMPs)
Epidemiology of Burns During Pregnancy in Southern Iran: Effect on Maternal and Fetal Outcomes

: Burn injuries during pregnancy are considered relatively rare, but it has been reported as increasing the mortality and morbidity of both mother and infant. This study describes the epidemiology of burns during pregnancy in Southern Iran. Thirty-nine cases of burn injury during pregnancy in Southern Iran were enrolled. The patients were classified by age, total body surface area percent (TBSA%), presence or absence of inhalation injury, cause of burn, trimester of pregnancy, duration of hospital stay, history of surgery, intention of burn injury and maternal and fetal outcome. All patients had history of routine treatment and burn care protocol. The largest groups of pregnant burn patients were 21-25 and 15-20 years age groups. Flame (66.7%) was the most common cause of all burns in 39 pregnant women, followed by gas explosion (17.9%), scalds (10.2%) and low voltage electrical burn (5.1%). The extent of burn was less than 40% total body surface area percent (TBSA%) in 74.4% of patients. Average duration of hospital stay was 18.92±15.1 days. The mortality rate in the first trimester was 40.0%, second trimester, 26.3% and third trimester, 30.0%. According to the role of flame fire and suicidal attempts in increase of maternal and fetal mortality, practical reactions toward decreasing this awful event and its physical and emotional complications from responsible governors still seem mandatory. So, the most important factors to decrease maternal and fetal morbidity among pregnant women due to burn are educational programs and preventive measures.
Global Neoproterozoic petroleum systems: the emerging potential in North Africa

Abstract The Neoproterozoic Eon is relatively poorly known from a petroleum perspective, despite the existence of producing, proven and potential plays in many parts of the world. In tectonic, climatic and petroleum systems terms, the Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian period can be divided into three distinct phases: a Tonian to Early Cryogenian phase, prior to about 750 Ma, dominated by the formation, stabilization and initial break-up of the supercontinent of Rodinia; a mid Cryogenian to Early Ediacaran phase (c. 750–600 Ma) including the major global-scale ‘Sturtian’ and ‘Marinoan’ glaciations and a mid Ediacaran to Early Cambrian (c. post 600 Ma) phase corresponding with the formation and stabilization of the Gondwana Supercontinent. There is increasing evidence that deposition of many mid to late Neoproterozoic (to Early Palaeozoic) organic-rich units was triggered by strong post-glacial sea level rise on a global scale, following the ‘Snowball Earth’ type glaciations, coupled with basin development and rifting on a more local scale. Fieldwork in North Africa including the Taoudenni Basin in Mauritania, Algeria and Mali; the Anti-Atlas region of Morocco and the Cyrenaica, Kufra and Murzuk basins in Libya has added to the understanding of reservoir, source and seal relationships and confirmed the widespread presence of Precambrian stromatolitic carbonate units of potential reservoir facies. Current research on the chronostratigraphy, distribution and quality of source rocks, controls on reservoir quality and distribution of seals in the Precambrian–Early Cambrian hydrocarbon plays throughout South America, North Africa, the Middle East and the Indian Subcontinent is documented in this Special Publication.
Dynamics of nitrate and nitrous oxide in wetland basin affected by agricultural activities

Wetlandisconsidered to improve water quality by physical, chemical and biological process that remove N from groundwater.Hydrological, chemical and soil profile data are combined in this study to estimate the nitrogen transport and transformation of groundwater in wetland. A headwater wetland in Ichikawa,Chiba Prefecture, Japan, was chosen to estimate the dynamic of nitrogen in wetland groundwater. The upland is covered by Kanto Loam about 4 m in thick. It is underlain in a sequence by Joso clay layer and Narita sand that a thick fine sand layer which is the major aquifer in the study area. The Joso clay layer is discontinuous of slope. The surface layer (0~1 m) of wetland is silt, followed by silty sand and sand (1 m~2 m). There is sand layer below 2 m depth. Discontinuous clay layer also could be found of this profile.Therefore, low permeability coefficients were found of the shallow layer in this profile (from 0.0297 to 0.521 m d -1 ). The flow nets indicate predominantly horizontal flow from the upland boundary of the wetland towards middle of wetland. DO concentrations and ORP were low, indicating the reducing environment in wetland groundwater. Nitrate was totally removed along the flow path, although the nitrate load of inflow were high (>140 mg L -1 ) in this wetland. The areaaround the boundary played an important role in diluting the shallow nitrate-loaded groundwater based on data of δ 15 N-NO3 values and chloride concentrations. Nitrate decreased with decrease of DO, increase of δ 15 N-NO3 and N2 denitrificationand result of ORP decreased along the flow path.