Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicted rates of merging neutron stars in galaxies

In this work, we compute rates of merging neutron stars (MNS) in galaxies of different morphological type, as well as the cosmic MNS rate in a unitary volume of the Universe adopting different cosmological scenarios. Our aim is to provide predictions of kilonova rates for future observations both at low and high redshift. In the adopted galaxy models, we take into account the production of r-process elements either by MNS or core-collapse supernovae. In computing the MNS rates we adopt either a constant total time delay for merging (10 Myr) or a distribution function of such delays. Our main conclusions are: i) the observed present time MNS rate in our Galaxy is well reproduced either with a constant time delay or a distribution function $\propto t^{-1}$. The [Eu/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] relation in the Milky Way can be well reproduced with only MNS, if the time delay is short and constant. If the distribution function of delays is adopted, core-collapse supernovae as are also required. ii) The present time cosmic MNS rate can be well reproduced in any cosmological scenario, either pure luminosity evolution or a typical hierarchical one, and spirals are the main contributors to it. iii) The spirals are the major contributors to the cosmic MNS at all redshifts in hierarchical scenarios. In the pure luminosity evolution scenario, the spirals are the major contributors locally, whereas at high redshift ellipticals dominate. iv) The predicted cosmic MNS rate well agrees with the cosmic rate of short Gamma Ray Bursts if the distribution function of delays is adopted, in a cosmological hierarchical scenario observationally derived. v) Future observations of Kilonovae in ellipticals will allow to disentangle among constant or a distribution of time delays as well as among different cosmological scenarios.
Arbuscular mycorrhizas influence plant diversity and community structure in a semiarid herbland

Summary • The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) to plant community structure and diversity is reported here in an annual herbland in southern Australia. • Mycorrhizal colonization was reduced in field plots by applying the fungicide benomyl as a soil drench. The mycorrhiza-responsiveness of plant species was assessed in intact soil cores containing the indigenous AM fungi and in a pot experiment using an isolate of Glomus mosseae. • Glasshouse experiments showed that Medicago minima, Vittadinia gracilis and Velleia arguta were highly mycorrhiza-responsive, Salvia verbenaca became colonized but exhibited no growth response to AM, and Carrichtera annua remained uncolonized. There was no change in plant species richness in mycorrhiza-suppressed field plots but diversity increased owing to an increase in evenness. Treatment had no effect on community productivity and therefore there was no relationship between mycorrhizal effects on diversity and productivity. • Mycorrhizal responsiveness was not a good predictor of species response to suppression of AM in the field. The mycorrhiza-responsive species V. gracilis and V. arguta were not affected by reduced mycorrhizal colonization in fungicide-treated plots, suggesting that competition from the mycorrhiza-responsive dominant M. minima offset the benefits of mycorrhizal association for these species.
On the rational motivic homotopy category

We study the structure of the rational motivic stable homotopy category over general base schemes. Our first class of results concerns the six operations: we prove absolute purity, stability of constructible objects, and Grothendieck-Verdier duality for SH_Q. Next, we prove that SH_Q is canonically SL-oriented; we compare SH_Q with the category of rational Milnor-Witt motives; and we relate the rational bivariant A^1-theory to Chow-Witt groups. These results are derived from analogous statements for the minus part of SH[1/2].
Fragile minor-monotone parameters under random edge perturbation

We investigate how minor-monotone graph parameters change if we add a few random edges to a connected graph $H$. Surprisingly, after adding a few random edges, its treewidth, treedepth, genus, and the size of a largest complete minor become very large regardless of the shape of $H$. Our results are close to best possible for various cases.
High-speed confined granular flows down inclines revisited

Recent numerical work has shown that high-speed confined granular flows down inclines exhibit a rich variety of flow patterns, including dense unidirectional flows, flows with longitudinal vortices and supported flows characterized by a dense core surrounded by a dilute hot granular gas (Brodu et al, JFM 2015). Here, we revisit the results obtained by Brodu et al. (JFM, 2015) and present new features characterizing these flows. In particular, we provide vertical and transverse profiles for the packing fraction, velocity and granular temperature.We also characterize carefully the transition between the different flow regimes and show that the packing fraction and the vorticity can be successfully used to describe these transitions. Additionally, we emphasize that the effective friction at the basal and side walls can be described by a unique function of a dimensionless number which is the analog of a Froude number: $Fr=V/\sqrt{gH\cos \theta}$ where $V$ is the particle velocity at the walls, $\theta$ is the inclination angle and $H$ the particle holdup (defined as the depth-integrated particle volume fraction). This universal function bears some similarities with the $\mu(I)$ rheological curve derived for dense granular flows.
Inducible defences in Acacia sieberiana in response to giraffe browsing

Acacia trees comprise a principal component of the diet of many African browsers. The resultant browsing pressure has led to the evolution of both physical and chemical responses in Acacia trees. In an observational study, we investigated the physical and chemical defenses in Acacia sieberiana var. woodii in response to different intensities of giraffe herbivory. Trees with high browsing intensity had significantly longer spines, smaller leaves and higher total cyanide (prussic acid) concentrations than trees with low browsing intensity. No significant differences were present in the density of spines and leaves between high and low browsing intensity sites. Similarly, no significant differences were found in the concentrations of condensed tannins and total leaf nitrogen. However, comparisons with other Acacia species revealed that the sampled A. sieberiana trees had substantially higher condensed tannin concentrations than many other species. It therefore appears that condensed tannins may form a high constitutive, or fixed, defence in A. sieberiana in this population, while prussic acid and spine length (with a decrease in leaf size) form important inducible defences.
Ordinary primes for some varieties with extra endomorphisms

Let A be an abelian variety defined over a number field and of dimension g. When g<3, by the recent work of Sawin, we know the exact (nonzero) value of the density of the set of primes which are ordinary for A. In higher dimension very little is known. We show that if g=3 and A has multiplication by an imaginary quadratic field E, then there exists a nonzero density set of ordinary primes for A. We reach the same conclusion if g=4 and the pair (A,E) has signature (2,2). We also obtain partial results when g=3 and A has multiplication by a totally real cubic field. We show that our methods also apply to certain abelian varieties of Albert type IV of higher dimension. These results are derived from an extended version of the l-adic methods of Katz, Ogus, and Serre in the presence of extra endomorphisms.
Invitro shoot formation among 17-year-old Douglas-fir provenances

A study of the invitro shoot production capabilities of 19 phenotypically ranked trees showed that trees grown from seed from transition zone provenances of British Columbia were more likely to succeed in producing shoots invitro than trees from interior wet or interior dry zone provenances. Examples of trees that succeeded in producing shoots did exist, however, for each ecological zone studied. Leaf-oil terpenes from each tree source were analysed to determine whether they could be employed as predictable markers of the subsequent response of excised buds invitro. The results from this study indicate that it was the ecological zone of origin that had the greatest influence on invitro culturability. It was found, however, that neither the amount of any single leaf-oil terpene nor any discrete combinations of highly positively correlated terpenes could be correlated to invitro culturability.
Geochemistry of Virus–Prokaryote Interactions in Freshwater and Acid Mine Drainage Environments, Ontario, Canada

An extensive water sample survey was conducted in southern Ontario, Canada across a variety of freshwater systems in order to further understand the role of viruses in aquatic environments. Backwards stepwise multiple regression analysis found that VLP (virus-like particle) abundance, phosphate, pH, sulfate, and magnesium are predictors of prokaryotic abundance with the model describing 90% of the variability in the data (R2 = 0.90). Statistically significant (P < 0.05) predictors of VLP abundance were mineral saturation indices (SI) of goethite (R2 = 0.78) although moderate Pearson component analysis correlations (r) were noted with ferrihydrite, jarosite, and pyrolusite. These relationships indicate that viral inactivation through mineral attachment may be a contributor to the moderate relationship between VLP and prokaryotic abundance (rs = 0.45). In addition, VLP abundance is shown to have a stronger correlation with minerals SI values than prokaryotes indicating a stronger mineral influence with viruses.
Inheritance of Lactation Curve in Swiss Brown Cattle

Abstract Lactation curves for milk and fat yield were estimated for 159,541 Swiss Brown cows by two models:[1] yi = a tib e − ct i [2] yi = A \( ti − to \) B e − C \( ti − to \) In these y i and t i are yield and day in lactation at the i th milk recording. The b and B are associated with the increase, c and C with the decrease of production, a and A are constants associated with production, and t o indicates the time of the initial production. Model [2] gave smaller mean squared errors than Model [1] and less curves with negative estimates for B or C than for b or c in Model [1]. Heritabilities for measures of persistency ranged from . 19 to . 29. The C was not correlated genetically with 305-day yield and was positively correlated with 100-day yield. Genetic correlations between persistency and 305-day yield were . 05 to . 16 and between persistency and 100-day yield −. 23 to −. 35. This indicates that breeding for 100-day yield would decrease persistency, while breeding for 305-day yield would not affect it adversely.
Does the strength of an immune response reflect its energetic cost

The energetic cost of immune responses has been proposed to be an important basis for trade-offs between life-history traits, such as between survival and reproduction. A critical assumption of this hypothesis is that the magnitude of the energetic cost increases with the strength of an immune response, so that energy can be saved by partly suppressing a response. Here, we test this assumption experimentally. The immune system of great tits Parus major was experimentally activated by injecting different doses of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the wing web. We found the resting metabolic rate of immune challenged birds to increase by 5%. However, although great tits injected with a high dose had a stronger immune response, this was not paralleled by a higher metabolic rate. Thus, we found the energetic cost of the immune response to be relatively low and not dose-dependent. This suggests to us that the energetic cost of immune responses cannot form the basis for trade-offs between life-history traits.
Non‐industrial private forest owners' decision process: A qualitative study about goals, time perspective, opportunities and alternatives

In the Nordic countries, the non‐industrial private forest (NIPF) owners play an important role in the roundwood market, and are essential to the successful implementation of environmental policies. We know little about the owners as managers, however; about their goals, procedures for identifying cutting opportunities, or the selection of buyers and price options. To study these issues, I have used a qualitative method, based on personal interviews with 35 owners. The results show that an overriding objective, influencing the cutting patterns of the owners, is to preserve and develop the property. A variety of formal and informal economic, production and environmental, and intangible goals are influenced by this overriding objective. In addition to relying on their own observations of price changes and the recommendations of the forest management plan, owners identify cutting opportunities through neighbours, friends, timber buyers, or extension rangers. Usually the owner uses the same selling form from .
Development and testing of a control package for Striga hermonthica on small‐scale holdings in the Gambia

Abstract Studies were carried out on farms to evaluate potential control practices which could be constituted into a package of recommendations for the control of Striga hermonthica in the Gambia. ICSV 1002, a variety of sorghum, was identified as being relatively more tolerant to Striga and to the common insect pests of sorghum. Spot treatment of emerged Striga shoots with 2% solution of product paraquat using a pistol‐grip hand sprayer was found to control Striga without stimulating regrowth, improved yields and was more acceptable and cost‐effective than handpulling of the shoots in early millet and sorghum. Where there might be objections to the use of paraquat because of its toxicity hazards, a mixture of 2,4‐D (1 % soln.) plus glyphosate (1 % soln.) or 2,4‐D (2% soln.) was a useful substitute. A tentative control package consisting of ICSV 1002, spot spraying of Striga shoots with paraquat, and side dressing of urea fertilizer at 30 kg N/ha at 4 w.a. p. was tested at two sites against farmers’ practi.
Características sensoriais da carne de cordeiros da raça Santa Inês submetidos a diferentes dietas

As caracteristicas sensoriais da carne, como sabor e aroma, podem ser influenciadas por diversos fatores, sendo que a alimentacao e considerada o de maior importância. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes dietas sobre as propriedades sensoriais da carne de cordeiros, tres dietas a base de silagem de cana-de-acucar e polpa de citrus, em diferentes relacoes concentrado: volumoso (100:0; 75:25; 50:50), foram fornecidas a 21 cordeiros, machos, da raca Santa Ines, que foram abatidos aos 35kg, com idade media de 199 dias. Apos o abate, as carcacas foram mantidas resfriadas a -2oC/24h e em seguida retirado o musculo Longissimus dorsi (LD), para a analise sensorial. As amostras cozidas foram servidas a um painel de 12 provadores treinados para avaliacao sensorial dos atributos de aparencia, sabor, aroma, maciez e suculencia. A avaliacao realizada pelos provadores demonstrou que nao houve efeito significativo (P>0,05) da dieta sobre os atributos de sabor, maciez e suculencia. Entretanto, a aparencia e o aroma sofreram influencia, com diferenca significativa entre os tratamentos 100:0 e 50:50. O aroma mais forte a "ovino" e a aparencia mais "desagradavel" foram mais evidentes nos animais alimentados com a dieta 100:0. As amostras provenientes dos animais alimentados com a dieta 50:50 apresentaram-se de melhor qualidade sensorial em relacao as demais dietas.
Statistical and Neural Network Based Speech Activity Detection in Non-Stationary Acoustic Environments

Speech activity detection (SAD), which often rests on the fact that the noise is "more" stationary than speech, is particularly challenging in non-stationary environments, because the time variance of the acoustic scene makes it difficult to discriminate speech from noise. We propose two approaches to SAD, where one is based on statistical signal processing, while the other utilizes neural networks. The former employes sophisticated signal processing to track the noise and speech energies and is meant to support the case for a resource efficient, unsupervised signal processing approach. The latter introduces a recurrent network layer that operates on short segments of the input speech to do temporal smoothing in the presence of non-stationary noise. The systems are tested on the Fearless Steps challenge, which consists of the transmission data from the Apollo-11 space mission. The statistical SAD achieves comparable detection performance to earlier proposed neural network based SADs, while the neural network based approach leads to a decision cost function of 1.07% on the evaluation set of the 2020 Fearless Steps Challenge, which sets a new state of the art.
Interspecific hybridization in sympatric species of Daphnia inhabiting lakes in northeastern Poland

Populations of three sympatric species (Daphnia cucullata, Daphnia galeata, and Daphnia hyalina (Daphnia longispina complex)) inhabiting three lakes in northeastern Poland (Roś, Mikołajskie, Wigry) were checked for interspecific hybrids. Hybrid Daphnia coexisting with parental individuals were detected in each of the investigated lakes. Several classes of hybrids (F1, F2, backcrosses), including D. cucullata×galeata×hyalina individuals, have been detected. Hybrids constituted a substantial (13%–38%) part of the total abundance of individuals of the D. longispina complex. Deficiency of heterozygotes (hybrids) detected may indicate the existence of barriers for gene flow between the sympatric Daphnia taxa.
A survey of small mammals from Huu Lien Nature Reserve, Lang Son Province, Vietnam

ABSTRACT A survey of the small mammals of Huu Lien Nature Reserve, Lang Son Province, Vietnam (21°40′52″N, 106°20′28″E) resulted in the capture of 187 specimens representing 21 species of bat, insectivore, and rodent: Suncus etruscus, Rhinolophus pearsonii, Rhinolophus pusillus, Rhinolophus stheno microglobosus, Aselliscus stoliczkanus, Hipposideros armiger, Hipposideros larvatus, Harpiocephalus harpia, Pipistrellus paterculus, Scotomanes ornatus, Callosciurus erythraeus, Dremomys rufigenis, Niviventer fulvescens, Niviventer langbianis, Tonkinomys daovantieni, Rattus andamanensis, Rattus losea, Rattus tanezumi, Mus caroli, Rhizomys pruinosus, and Atherurus macrourus. In addition Ratufa bicolor and Tamiops sp. are reported from observations. The recently described genus and species Tonkinomys daovantieni is currently known only from material collected during the present survey and is apparently endemic to karst habitats in northeastern Vietnam.
Entanglement entropy of cosmological perturbations

We show that the entropy of cosmological perturbations originating as quantum vacuum fluctuations in the very early universe, including the contribution of the leading nonlinear interactions, can be viewed as momentum space entanglement entropy between sub- and super-Hubble modes. The interactions between these modes cause decoherence of the super-Hubble fluctuations which, in turn, leads to a nonvanishing entropy of the reduced density matrix corresponding to the super-Hubble inhomogeneities. In particular, applying this to inflationary cosmology reveals that the entanglement entropy produced by leading order nonlinearities dominates over that coming from the squeezing of the vacuum state unless inflation lasts for a very short period. Furthermore, demanding that this entanglement entropy be smaller than the thermal entropy at the beginning of the radiation phase of standard cosmology leads to an upper bound on the duration of inflation which is similar to what is obtained from the trans-Planckian censorship conjecture.
Percids of Lake Constance, a Lake Undergoing Eutrophication

A review of literature suggested that yield of Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis, in Lake Constance was greatest with moderate eutrophication. During eutrophication (1950–76), changes also took place in food, growth, distribution, and diseases of perch. Differences in perch between Lake Constance and other German or Alpine lakes of various degrees of eutrophy were found with respect to growth, yield, the relation of growth to yield, food, and the relation of food to growth. Similarities were apparent for perch in these lakes in terms of their age composition, age at maturity, and mortality. Only limited data were available for pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca, mainly on stocking success, yield, and growth. The status of percids in Lake Constance indicates that eutrophication has led to conditions favoring percids. Key words: Percidae, Lake Constance limnology, eutrophication, yield, Perca fluviatilis, food, growth, distribution, disease, Stizostedion lucioperca
Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on parasitoids of the olive moth, Prays oleae Bern. (Lep., Yponomeutidae)

Field‐collected larvae of the anthophagous generation of Prays oleae were sprayed with Foray 64B, a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis. The larvae were then reared in the laboratory, to determine whether the survival of larval parasitoids was adversely affected. The effects of Bt on adult parasitoids was also examined by exposing the insects to various diets including one containing the bacterium. Treatment of hosts with Bt was found to affect larval parasitoids adversely by increasing mortality of larval parasitoids within hosts surviving Bt treatment and by reducing the body size of adult parasitoids. The longevity of adult parasitoids was not adversely affected by Bt in the diet. The potential importance of Bt‐induced mortality of parasitoid larvae is discussed in relation to biological control in IPM programmes.
On the $2$-adic logarithm of units of certain totally imaginary quartic fields

In this paper, we prove a result on the $2$-adic logarithm of the fundamental unit of the field $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[4]{-q}) $, where $q\equiv 3\bmod 4$ is a prime. When $q\equiv 15\bmod 16$, this result confirms a speculation of Coates-Li and has consequences for certain Iwasawa modules arising in their work.
Nebalia pseudotroncosoi n. sp. (Malacostraca: Leptostraca), from South Korea, with a peculiar sexual dimorphism

A new crustacean, Nebalia pseudotroncosoi n. sp. (Malacostraca: Leptostraca), occurs along the southern coasts of Korea. The specimens were collected by light traps in harbors where the bottom consisted of fine sand with some algal mats. The new taxon is distinguished from all other known species of Nebalia by the following characteristics: a rectangular compound eye with two to three small distal lobes; an antennular flagellum that is clearly shorter than the peduncle, with up to 10 articles; the fourth article of the antennular peduncle has only two distal thick setae; the antennular scale is nearly oval with a length that is 1.8 times the width; the second article of the mandibular palp has three distally plumose setae; pleonites 3 to 7 have rounded denticles along their posterior dorsal margins; and the protopod of pleopod 4 lacks serration along the posterior margin. We discuss sexual dimorphism in the genus Nebalia and propose the necessity of describing male traits when reporting new species. We also provide partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene from the new species that can be used as a molecular diagnostic characteristic.