Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is the core-peripheral distinction for unaccusative verbs cross-linguistically consistent?: Empirical evidence from Mandarin

This paper presents the results of an empirical investigation into the characteristics of unaccusativity in Mandarin by building on the gradient approach to split intransitivity (Sorace, 2000) and previous analyses of Mandarin within that framework (Liu, 2007). The study explores the acceptability of unaccusative verbs in the verb-subject construction with respect to their core-peripheral features. The results clearly demonstrate support for the gradient approach; however, some important departures from the patterns observed in Western European languages are noted. The analysis of variability between and within semantic categories reveals that verbs in certain peripheral categories exhibit behaviour more characteristic of core unaccusative verbs; conversely, some members of the core category Change of Location display characteristics more typical of peripheral verbs. A refined definition of peripheral verbs (true and pseudo) is proposed which has relevance for the cross-linguistic study of split intransitivity, and the unaccusative gradient for Mandarin is reformulated on the basis of stativity.
Characterizing the properties of cluster precursors in the MALT90 survey

In the Milky Way there are thousands of stellar clusters each harboring from a hundred to a million stars. Although clusters are common, the initial conditions of cluster formation are still not well understood. To determine the processes involved in the formation and evolution of clusters it is key to determine the global properties of cluster-forming clumps in their earliest stages of evolution. Here, we present the physical properties of 1,244 clumps identified from the MALT90 survey. Using the dust temperature of the clumps as a proxy for evolution we determined how the clump properties change at different evolutionary stages. We find that less-evolved clumps exhibiting dust temperatures lower than 20 K have higher densities and are more gravitationally bound than more-evolved clumps with higher dust temperatures. We also identified a sample of clumps in a very early stage of evolution, thus potential candidates for high-mass star-forming clumps. Only one clump in our sample has physical properties consistent with a young massive cluster progenitor, reinforcing the fact that massive proto-clusters are very rare in the Galaxy.
Population Growth in a Closed System

Volterra’s model for population growth in a closed system includes an integral term to indicate accumulated toxicity in addition to the usual terms of the logistic equation. Solutions to this equation are studied by means of singular perturbation techniques. Two major types of systems are discovered, those with populations immediately sensitive to toxins and those that succumb to toxins only after long times.
Light Neutralino Dark Matter in the NMSSM

The next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model can host light neutralino dark matter with mass of order GeV scale. It is dominated by the singlino component as a result of approximate Peccei-Quinn symmetry. This paper is devoted to address the question how light such neutralino dark matter can be in the light of the LHC Run 1 data as well as the latest LUX and Xenon1T limits. In particular, we show the sensitivity of parameter space of dark matter mass with respect to $Z$ boson and SM Higgs invisible decay.
Relative Timing of the Ends of Hurricane Intensification and Contraction of the Radius of Maximum Wind in the North Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific

The statistical relationship between the ending times of hurricane intensification and contraction of the radius of maximum wind (RMW) over the North Atlantic (NA) and Eastern North Pacific (EP) is assessed using the Extended Best Track and Tropical Cyclone Observations‐Based Structure databases during 1999–2014. Results show that in more than half of hurricanes the end of RMW contraction precedes the end of intensification, and those hurricanes generally have lower relative intensity (intensity normalized by the corresponding maximum potential intensity) and larger curvature of the tangential wind profile at the RMW. The preceding time tends to be longer with lower relative intensity and lower intensification rate and on average is longer in the NA (∼19 hr) than in the EP (∼12 hr) due to the overall lower intensification rate in the former. These findings can help improve our understanding of hurricane structure and intensity changes.
Revisiting the lower stratospheric water vapour trend from the 1950s to 1970s

Previous work showed a near‐continuous increase in stratospheric water vapour between the 1950s and 1990s from a variety of instruments, without recourse to fits between instruments. We reassess the trend from the earliest, the UK frost‐point hygrometer, 1954–1976. An error in previous work omitted to transform values from ppmm to ppmv. When corrected, they fit more convincingly with measurements by later frost‐point hygrometers. Minor instrument changes between the 1950s and 1970s do not introduce a potential bias to the trend but do increase its error. If the full 1970s data are included, the trend becomes 2.1 ± 0.8%/year (two‐sigma). Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Blood Flow Restriction in Rehabilitation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

The present study aimed to examine and compare the effects of a rehabilitation exercise (RE) using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle function and knee functional abilities in patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). A total of 45 patients who underwent ACLR (28.76 ± 0.8 years; 34 males and 11 females) were retrospectively divided into three groups: control (CON, n = 15), NMES (n = 15), and BFR (n = 15). All participants carried out the RE program for 60 min, thrice a week for 12 weeks. The Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, thigh circumference at 5 cm from the knee joint, Y-balance posterior medial, and lateral significantly increased in all groups via intervention (p < 0.05). However, NMES showed a higher thigh circumference at 15 cm from the knee joint than CON via intervention (p < 0.05), and the strength and endurance of quadriceps femoris and hamstrings and Y-balance anterior showed a significant increase via intervention in NMES and BFR compared with CON (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we confirmed that RE using NMES and BFR effectively enhances muscle function and balance in ACLR patients.
Unsteady wall pressure characteristics of a 90 degree elbow in high Reynolds numbers

Elbows are essential piping elements and widely used in various engineering fields. Principal requirements for elbows are the flow with smaller energy loss and mechanical strength against fluid force. In order to meet the former requirement, several empirical relationships for the pressure loss yielded in an elbow (Ito, 1960, Miller, 1990 and Crawford, et al., 2007) have been proposed. Their results have shown that the optimal 90 degree elbow with minimum energy loss has its curvature of the centerline axis 2.5 times of the inner diameter. The minimum loss is achieved by a compromise between deflection and frictional losses. This configuration, however, can not be always applied because of spatial restrictions. Fluid force acting on an elbow should be evaluated in order to satisfy the latter requirement. Steady force acting on an elbow can be predicted applying the momentum conservation theorem between far upstream and downstream flows. But unsteady force plays a more important role, especially in industrial fields, since it has possibilities to result in fatigue fractures. Unsteady fluid force acting on an elbow has been reported in such as Rütten et al. (2005) and Hirota et al. (2008). It is preferable to obtain not the force acting overall the elbow but its distribution considering effective supports. The fluid force distribution over the elbow can be obtained by wall pressure measurements. In the present study, measurements of wall pressure distributions have been made for a 90 degree elbow of which the axis curvature coincide with its inner diameter. Reynolds numbers investigated are 1.0×105 (for steady components only), Yukiharu IWAMOTO∗ and Hidemasa YAMANO∗∗
Asymptotically simple spacetimes and mass loss due to gravitational waves

The cosmological constant $\Lambda$ used to be a freedom in Einstein's theory of general relativity, where one had a proclivity to set it to zero purely for convenience. The signs of $\Lambda$ or $\Lambda$ being zero would describe universes with different properties. For instance, the conformal structure of spacetime directly depends on $\Lambda$: null infinity $\mathcal{I}$ is a spacelike, null, or timelike hypersurface, if $\Lambda>0$, $\Lambda=0$, or $\Lambda 0$ in Einstein's theory of general relativity. A quantity that depends on the conformal structure of spacetime, especially on the nature of $\mathcal{I}$, is the Bondi mass which in turn dictates the mass loss of an isolated gravitating system due to energy carried away by gravitational waves. This problem of extending the Bondi mass to a universe with $\Lambda>0$ has spawned intense research activity over the past several years. Some aspects include a closer inspection on the conformal properties, working with linearisation, attempts using a Hamiltonian formulation based on "linearised" asymptotic symmetries, as well as obtaining the general asymptotic solutions of de Sitter-like spacetimes. We consolidate on the progress thus far from the various approaches that have been undertaken, as well as discuss the current open problems and possible directions in this area.
Efecto de la salinidad y la concentración de nutrientes sobre el crecimiento y composición bioquímica de la cianobacteria autóctona oscillatoria sp. MOF-06

Se evaluo el efecto de la concentracion de nutrientes (4, 8 y 12 mM NaNO 3 ) y salinidad (0; 15; 35 y 70 UPS) sobre el crecimiento y composicion bioquimica de la cianobacteria Oscillatoria sp. en cultivos discontinuos. Los bioensayos por triplicado se mantuvieron bajo condiciones de laboratorio. La cianobacteria fue capaz de crecer bajo todas las concentraciones de nutrientes y salinidad, excepto en ausencia total de fuente nitrogenada. La produccion optima de clorofila a y b -caroteno, de 33,72 O 0,97 y 0,66 O 0,01 Âµg mL ”“1 respectivamente, se hallaron a 35 UPS y 12 mM NaNO 3 ; mientras que para ficocianina los valores mas elevados estuvieron a 12 mM NaNO 3 y entre 35 y 70 UPS, con 160,17 O 1,57 y 160,40 O 12,68 Âµg mL ”“1 . El maximo de masa seca se hallo a 4 mM NaNO 3 y 70 UPS con 11,00 O 0,57 mg mL ”“1 ; el de proteinas a 12 mM y 35 UPS con 777,92 O 15,37 Âµg mL ”“1 ; el de carbohidratos totales y exopolisacaridos a 8 mM y 35 UPS con 7,15 O 0,53 Âµg mL ”“1 y 3,30 O 0,41 mg mL ”“1 , respectivamente. De esta forma, es posible modular la produccion de biomasa enriquecida con metabolitos de esta cepa halotolerante de Oscillatoria sp. en funcion al efecto combinado de la salinidad y la concentracion de nutrientes.
Quantum Parity Hall effect in ABA Graphene.

The celebrated phenomenon of quantum Hall effect has recently been generalized from transport of conserved charges to that of other approximately conserved state variables, including spin and valley, which are characterized by spin- or valley-polarized boundary states with different chiralities. Here, we report a new class of quantum Hall effect in ABA-stacked graphene trilayers (TLG), the quantum parity Hall (QPH) effect, in which boundary channels are distinguished by even or odd parity under the systems mirror reflection symmetry. At the charge neutrality point and a small perpendicular magnetic field $B_{\perp}$, the longitudinal conductance $\sigma_{xx}$ is first quantized to $4e^2/h$, establishing the presence of four edge channels. As $B_{\perp}$ increases, $\sigma_{xx}$ first decreases to $2e^2/h$, indicating spin-polarized counter-propagating edge states, and then to approximately $0$. These behaviors arise from level crossings between even and odd parity bulk Landau levels, driven by exchange interactions with the underlying Fermi sea, which favor an ordinary insulator ground state in the strong $B_{\perp}$ limit, and a spin-polarized state at intermediate fields. The transitions between spin-polarized and unpolarized states can be tuned by varying Zeeman energy. Our findings demonstrate a topological phase that is protected by a gate-controllable symmetry and sensitive to Coulomb interactions.
From co-creation to public value through collaborative platforms—the case of Norwegian kindergartens

IMPACT Making sure that citizens and users are key actors in public value co-creation is a challenge. A particular difficulty is how to include marginalized citizens and users to give them a voice in deliberating public value. This article discusses how kindergartens can be used as a platform for co-created policy-making. The authors provide practical advice on how to facilitate socially-inclusive public encounters with relevant policy stakeholders. By using a universal welfare institution as the platform, the article shows how public participation in co-creation can be more socially-inclusive and fair.
Diffusion Poles and the Anderson Transition

In the recent series of papers (cond-mat/0402471, cond-mat/0403618, cond-mat/0407618, cond-mat/0501586), Janis and Kolorenc discussed the role of the diffision poles in the Anderson transition theory. Their picture contradicts the general principles and is shown below to be completely misleading. Correct setting of the problem is given and the contemporary situation is discussed. The critical remarks are given on the relation of the diffusion coefficient with multifractality of the wave functions.
Single-Shot ChAd3-MARV Vaccine in Modified Formulation Buffer Shows 100% Protection of NHPs

Marburg virus (MARV) is a virus of high human consequence with a case fatality rate of 24–88%. The global health and national security risks posed by Marburg virus disease (MVD) underscore the compelling need for a prophylactic vaccine, but no candidate has yet reached regulatory approval. Here, we evaluate a replication-defective chimpanzee adenovirus type 3 (ChAd3)-vectored MARV Angola glycoprotein (GP)-expressing vaccine against lethal MARV challenge in macaques. The ChAd3 platform has previously been reported to protect against the MARV-related viruses, Ebola virus (EBOV) and Sudan virus (SUDV), and MARV itself in macaques, with immunogenicity demonstrated in macaques and humans. In this study, we present data showing 100% protection against MARV Angola challenge (versus 0% control survival) and associated production of GP-specific IgGs generated by the ChAd3-MARV vaccine following a single dose of 1 × 1011 virus particles prepared in a new clinical formulation buffer designed to enhance product stability. These results are consistent with previously described data using the same vaccine in a different formulation and laboratory, demonstrating the reproducible and robust protective efficacy elicited by this promising vaccine for the prevention of MVD. Additionally, a qualified anti-GP MARV IgG ELISA was developed as a critical pre-requisite for clinical advancement and regulatory approval.
Misfit function for full waveform inversion based on Earth Mover's Distance with dynamic formulation

Conventional full waveform inversion (FWI) using least square distance (LSD) between the observed and predicted seismograms suffers from local minima. Recently, earth mover's distance (EMD) has been introduced to FWI to compute the misfit between two seismograms. Instead of comparisons bin by bin, EMD allows to compare signal intensities across different coordinates. This measure has great potential to account for time and space shifts of events within seismograms. However, there are two main challenges in application of EMD to FWI. The first one is that the compared signals need to satisfy nonnegativity and mass conservation assumptions. The second one is that the computation of EMD between two seismograms is a computationally expensive problem. In this paper, a strategy is used to satisfy the two assumptions via decomposition and recombination of original seismic data. In addition, the computation of EMD based on dynamic formulation is formulated as a convex optimization problem. A primal-dual hybrid gradient method with linesearch has been developed to solve this large-scale optimization problem on GPU device. The advantages of the new method are that it is easy to implement and has high computational efficiency. Compared to LSD based FWI, the computation time of the proposed method will approximately increase by 11% in our case studies. A 1D time-shift signals case study has indicated that EMD is more effective in capturing time shift and makes the misfit function more convex. Two applications to synthetic data using transmissive and reflective recording geometries have demonstrated the effectiveness of EMD in mitigating cycle-skipping issues. We have also applied the proposed method to SEG 2014 benchmark data, which has further demonstrated that EMD can mitigate local minima and provide reliable velocity estimations without using low frequency information in the recorded data.
Photometry of pulsating stars in the Magellanic Clouds as observed in the MOA project

A review of the MOA (Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics) project is presented. MOA is a collaboration of approximately 30 astronomers from New Zealand and Japan established with the aim of finding and detecting microlensing events towards the Magellanic Clouds and the Galactic bulge, which may be indicative of either dark matter or of planetary companions. The observing program commenced in 1995, using very wide band blue and red filters and a nine-chip mosaic CCD camera. As a by-product of these observations a large database of CCD photometry for 1.4 million stars towards both LMC and SMC has been established. In one preliminary analysis 576 bright variable stars were confirmed, nearly half of them being Cepheids. Another analysis has identified large numbers of blue variables, and 205 eclipsing binaries are included in this sample. In addition 351 red variables (AGB stars) have been found. Light curves have been obtained for all these stars. The observations are carried out on a 61-cm f/6.25 telescope at Mt John University Observatory where a new larger CCD camera was installed in 1998 July. From this latitude (44 S) the Magellanic Clouds can be monitored throughout the year.
Kinematics of the Broad-line Region of 3C 273 from a 10 yr Reverberation Mapping Campaign

Despite many decades of study, the kinematics of the broad-line region of 3C 273 are still poorly understood. We report a new, high signal-to-noise, reverberation mapping campaign carried out from 2008 November to 2018 March that allows the determination of time lags between emission lines and the variable continuum with high precision. The time lag of variations in Hβ relative to those of the 5100 Å continuum is days in the rest frame, which agrees very well with the Paschen-α region measured by the GRAVITY at The Very Large Telescope Interferometer. The time lag of the Hγ emission line is found to be nearly the same as that for Hβ. The lag of the Fe ii emission is days, longer by a factor of ∼2 than that of the Balmer lines. The velocity-resolved lag measurements of the Hβ line show a complex structure that can be possibly explained by a rotation-dominated disk with some inflowing radial velocity in the Hβ-emitting region. Taking the virial factor of fBLR = 1.3, we derive a BH mass of and an accretion rate of from the Hβ line. The decomposition of its Hubble Space Telescope images yields a host stellar mass of , and a ratio of in agreement with the Magorrian relation. In the near future, it is expected to compare the geometrically thick BLR discovered by the GRAVITY in 3C 273 with its spatially resolved torus in order to understand the potential connection between the BLR and the torus.
Episodic accretion: the interplay of infall and disc instabilities

Using zoom-simulations carried out with the adaptive mesh-refinement code RAMSES with a dynamic range of up to $2^{27} \approx 1.34 \times 10^8$ we investigate the accretion profiles around six stars embedded in different environments inside a (40 pc)$^3$ giant molecular cloud, the role of mass infall and disc instabilities on the accretion profile, and thus on the luminosity of the forming protostar. Our results show that the environment in which the protostar is embedded determines the overall accretion profile of the protostar. Infall on to the circumstellar disc may trigger gravitational disc instabilities in the disc at distances of around ~10 to ~50 au leading to rapid transport of angular momentum and strong accretion bursts. These bursts typically last for about ~10 to a ~100 yr, consistent with typical orbital times at the location of the instability, and enhance the luminosity of the protostar. Calculations with the stellar evolution code mesa show that the accretion bursts induce significant changes in the protostellar proper- ties, such as the stellar temperature and radius. We apply the obtained protostellar properties to produce synthetic observables with RADMC3D and predict that accretion bursts lead to ob- servable enhancements around 20 to 200 $\mu$m in the spectral energy distribution of Class 0 type young stellar objects.
Pressure as a Source of Gravity

The active mass density in Einstein’s theory of gravitation in the analog of Poisson’s equation in a local inertial system is proportional to ρ + 3 p/c 2 . Here ρ is the density of energy and p its pressure for a perfect ﬂuid. By using exact solutions of Einstein’s ﬁeld equations in the static case we study whether the pressure term contributes towards the mass.
A path analysis of university EFL students' perceptions of the classroom environment and academic achievement

The current study aimed to explore the relationships between students' perceptions of the classroom environment and their academic achievement in higher education. The participants were 846 first-year undergraduate students who were learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in China. Data on students’ perceptions of the classroom environment were collected by the College and University Classroom Environment Inventory. Students’ academic achievement was measured by a national standardized test for English competence (the College English Test). The results of path analysis showed that students’ perceptions of innovative instruction and task orientation were positive predictors of their academic achievement; students’ perceptions of equity predicted their academic achievement via perceptions of teacher-student relationships; students’ perceptions of peer relationships had an indirect effect on student achievement mediated by cooperative learning. However, students’ perceptions of learning autonomy were not related to their perceptions of other environmental factors and learning outcomes. Keywords: Academic achievement; Classroom environment; English as a foreign language (EFL); perceptions.