Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFICACY OF ORAL CLONIDINE AS A PREMEDICANT IN PAEDIATRIC ADENOTONSILLECTOMY IN COMPARISON WITH ORAL DIAZEPAM

This prospective clinical study was conducted at Government General Hospital, Chennai in patients aged 7-12 yrs undergoing adenotonsillectomy. After approval of hospital ethical committee for the study, informed consent was obtained from the parents. A double blinded randomized, comparative parallel group design was employed. Eighty ASA I patients of both sexes aged 7-12 years undergoing adenotonsillectomy surgeries were studied in this clinical trial. These patients were randomly allocated to two groups of 40 each - Group C received T. Clonidine 4µg/kg while Group D received T. Diazepam 0.15mg / kg as premedication 90 minutes prior to surgery with sips of water. Preoperative sedation and anxiety, hemodynamic changes during laryngoscopy, intubation and during the procedure were assessed. Post operative pain scores were recorded every half-an-hour for the first 4 hours after extubation. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Z test was applied. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The demographic profile was comparable in both the groups. Preoperative sedation and anxiety relief was statistically significant in Group C (P<0.05), Stable hemodynamic were observed in Group C throughout the procedure. None of the patients in Group C required intervention for bradycardia or hypotension. Significant post operative analgesia was noted in Group C (97.5%) as compared to Group D (10%) even after 4 hours. Children in neither group had respiratory complications post operatively. Oral clonidine in the dose of 4µg/kg is an effective analgesic and sedative for children undergoing adenotonsillectomy in age group of 7-12 years.
The Expected Shoreline Effect of a Marine Energy Farm Operating Close to Sardinia Island

Coastal areas are defined by numerous opportunities and threats. Among them we can mention emerging renewable projects and on the other hand coastal erosion. In the present work, the impact of a generic wind–wave farm on the nearshore waves and currents in the vicinity of the Porto Ferro inlet (northwest Sardinia) was assessed. Using a reanalysis wave dataset that covers a 40-year interval (1979–2018), the most relevant wave characteristics in the target area were identified. These can reach during winter a maximum value of 7.35 m for the significant wave height. As a next step, considering a modeling system that combines a wave model (simulating waves nearshore (SWAN)) and a surf model, the coastal impact of some generic marine energy farms defined by a transmission coefficient of 25% was assessed. According to the results corresponding to the reference sites and lines defined close to the shore, it becomes obvious that there is a clear attenuation in terms of significant wave heights, and as regards current velocities, although the general tendency for them to decrease, there are, however, some situations when the values of the nearshore current velocities can also decrease. Finally, we can mention that the presence of a marine energy farm seems to be beneficial for the beach stability in this particular coastal environment, and in some cases the transformation of the breaking waves from plunging to spilling is noticed.
A study of association between polymorphism of aldose reductase gene and diabetic microangiopathy

Objective To investigate the association between dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at 5' end of aldose reductase (AR) gene and diabetic microangiopathy in Chinese. Methods A case control study for 362 Chinese subjects (including 217 type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without nephropathy or retinopathy and 145 non diabetes control) was performed. The number of (AC) n dinucleotide of AR gene was determined by PCR denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results Tandem (AC) repeats of the AR gene were highly polymorphic and 7 alleles were observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus and control. The most prevalent allele was 24 times in (AC) repeat and was designated as Z allele. In type 2 diabetes mellitus with both nephropathy and retinopathy, a decreased frequency of Z+6 allele was found in comparison with type 2 diabetes mellitus without microangiopathy (Fisher's exact, P=0.038). In addition, an elevated frequency of Z-2 allele was observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus with severe nephropathy (renal insufficiency) as compared with type 2 diabetes mellitus without nephropathy (Fisher's exact, P=0.039). Conclusion AR gene alleles are associated with the development of diabetic microangiopathy. The Z-2 allele of the AR gene may be a risk factor for developing severe nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Whereas,the Z+6 allele may protect against the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy in Chinese subjects.
Development of Nb₃Sn Cavity Coating at IMP

In this paper, the progress in the development of Nb3Sn cavity coating by vapour diffusion method at IMP was reported. Three 1.3 GHz single cell cavities were coated and one of them was vertically tested both at 4K and 2K. Effect of low temperature baking (1000C for 48 hs) on the RF performance of Nb3Sn cavity was studied. After baking, the Q drop in the low field region was eliminated and the Q value in the intermediate field region was increased ~8 times. The Q value of the Nb3Sn cavity coated at IMP was 12 times larger than that of the Nb cavity at 4.2K even in the case of the ambient field larger than 20 mGs and with the slow cooling down absent. This study shows that the low temperature baking is an effective enrichment to the post treatment of the Nb3Sn cavity.
Age‐Related Differences in Stride‐to‐Stride Variability During Dual Task Walking: A Pilot Study

Purpose: Increased stride‐to‐stride variability during walking characterizes gait instability and predicts falling in older individuals. Walking while executing a cognitive task is also associated with increased risk of falling. In this pilot study we examined whether stride variability during dual task walking increases in older individuals. Method: Five older (82 ± 6 years) and 4 younger (23 ± 2 years) women walked under each of 2 conditions: (1) walking at a self‐selected velocity and (2) walking at a self‐selected velocity while incrementally counting backwards. We used GAITRite® instrumentation to measure variability in stride velocity with the coefficient of variation. Results: Stride variability did not differ significantly between the groups during normal walking, but was significantly greater in older women during dual task walking (p=.014). Conclusion: Cognitively demanding activity during walking appears to increase stride variability, and therefore increase gait instability, in older women.
Near‐Inertial Wave Trapping Near the Base of an Anticyclonic Mesoscale Eddy Under Normal Atmospheric Conditions

Observational evidence demonstrates the signature of near‐inertial wave (NIW) trapping by a long‐lived westward propagating mesoscale anticyclonic eddy under normal atmospheric conditions. Cross‐eddy sections of density and shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler data show the downward (upward phase) propagation of NIW packets with vertical wavelengths of 200 m within the eddy, and wave energy amplification in a critical vertical layer located near the base of the anticyclone. Elevated strain variance, enhanced turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates obtained from a fine‐scale parameterization, and the occurrence of low (≤1) gradient Richardson numbers are consistent with turbulence production and mixing from 400 m to at least the maximum sampling depth of 725 m associated with the trapped NIWs. The observation of NIW packets near the eddy base at two different stages of the survey separated by 10 days and the persistence of low to moderate winds before and during the eddy sampling strongly suggest that our findings may be common in similar open‐ocean anticyclonic eddies under normal wind conditions. Plain Language Summary Near‐inertial waves—or internal gravity waves with a frequency near the inertial frequency—are typically excited at the sea surface by variable wind stress forcing. These waves can be trapped and amplified at the base of mesoscale (horizontal scales of about 10–100 km) anticyclonic eddies, especially after storms or strong wind events, situations in which high near‐inertial energy is generated. In this article we present observational evidence of near‐inertial wave trapping during low to moderate wind conditions. We also show that these trapped waves lead to deep mixing near the base of the eddy. The observation of near‐inertial wave packets on two different dates and the low to moderate winds persistent during the survey suggest that our findings may be common in other similar open‐ocean eddies. Mesoscale anticyclonic eddies of the World Ocean may therefore act as deep mixing structures as they propagate westward.
Effects of Magnolol on Apoptosis and the Expression of bcl-2 and Bax in Rats Following Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion

Objective To study the effects of Magnolol on apoptosis and the expression of bcl-2 and Bax following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and evaluate the protecting mechanism of Magnolol.Methods Magnolol at dose 25 or 75 mg·kg-1 was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 4 d.The focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established with thread embolism in middle artery before magnolol injecfon on the fourth day.Neurological deficit function score of rats was evaluated and immunohistochemical and TUNEL technique was carried out to detect the expression of bcl-1,Bax and changes of apoptotic cell.Results Compared with the control group,the deficit score of neural function was significantly improved.The expression of bcl-2 positive cells was increased significantly and the expression of Bax positive cells in Mag treated group were decreased significantly.Conclusion Mag can decrease apoptosis by up-regulating bcl-2 and down-regulating Bax,so Magnolol has the neuro-protective effect against ischemia reperfusion injury.
Chemical Dependency and Anesthesiology

Recreational use of anesthetic drugs was reported nearly simultaneously with demonstration of their anesthetic efficacy. Cocaine had a social use profile before its incidental discovery as a topical anesthetic. Experimentation with injection of cocaine to anesthetize plexus and peripheral nerves led to addiction of the early 20th century master surgeon Halsted. There were early reports of psychological and even physical addiction to ether, nitrous oxide, and chloroform. It is not surprising, therefore, that addiction to anesthetic drugs remains linked with the field of anesthesiology. Unfortunately, addiction remains the most prevalent, serious occupational health risk for anesthesia specialists. As a consequence of its serious impact, much attention has been directed to understanding, recognizing, and preventing this devastating condition.
Two-Layer Dynamic Recycling Model (2L-DRM): Learning from Moisture Tracking Models of Different Complexity

Atmospheric moisture tracking models are used to identify and quantify sources and sinks of water in the atmospheric branch of the hydrologic cycle. These models are primarily used to investigate the origin of moisture resulting in precipitation for particular regions around the globe. Moisture tracking models vary widely in their level of complexity, depending on the number of physical processes represented. Complex models are comprehensive in their physical representation, but computationally much more expensive than simple models, which only focus on specific physical processes and use simplifying assumptions. We present the mathematical derivation of the new two-layer dynamical recycling model (2L-DRM), a simple analytical moisture tracking model that relaxes the vertically integrated formulation of the original one-layer DRM. By comparing the simple DRM to a very complex moisture tracking model that uses water vapor tracers embedded within the Weather Research and Forecasting regional climate model (WRF-WVT) for the North American monsoon region, we pinpoint the absence of vertical wind shear as the main deficiency in the simple DRM. When comparing both simple models (DRM and 2L-DRM) to the WRF-WVT (which we treat as “truth”), the 2L-DRM better captures the spatial extent, the net amount, and the temporal variability of precipitation that originates from oceanic and local terrestrial sources. The 2L-DRM is well suited to study the large-scale climatological sources of moisture, and for these applications, performs on par with the much more complex and computationally demanding WRF-WVT model.
Daily Task Performance and Information Processing among People with Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls: A Comparative Study

Introduction: Many individuals with schizophrenia have information processing difficulties. This study investigated the use of information processing skills during the performance of a daily task by participants with schizophrenia and compared it to that of participants without a psychiatric diagnosis. Studies comparing similar groups found differences in the number and types of errors. However, there is limited knowledge about the related problematic information processing skills. This information could help to better pinpoint the needs of this group of clients. Method: Participants were paired based on age and gender. Information processing skills were assessed with the Perceive, Recall, Plan, and Perform system of task analysis. Generalized linear mixed models were used to compare both groups. Results: Individuals with schizophrenia made more accuracy errors and had more difficulties when attending and gathering information and when planning was required during the task. They were also more cognitively impaired than the comparison group. Conclusion: The large number of accuracy errors may result from specific skills deficits that impact on other processing skills or from a general vulnerability affecting most processing skills. In future studies, the influence of employment and of the social environment of housing on task performance should be investigated.
Dietary Habits in School Children (9-12 Years Old) with Normal Nutritional Status an a Mediterranean Area

Objectives: To achieve a descriptive study of dietary habits in a group of students of primary education (9-12 years old) with normal nutritional status. Material and methods: A nutrition survey was carried out (food intake registration of two consecutive school days) in a selected group of 353 schoolchildren (188 males and 165 females) with normal nutritional status (body mass index should range between +1 and -1 standard deviations). Results: The average age of the surveyed students was 10.5 years (CI 95%: 10.3-11.7). There were no significant differences between both sexes in mean values for weight, height, BMI and calorie intake (males: 2072.7 ± 261.7 and females: 2060.9 ± 250.6). Cereals (34%) dairy products (19%) and meats (17%) were responsible of approximately 70% of total calorie intake. Protein accounted for 20.3% of energy intake, carbohydrates for 48.8%, total fat for 30.9%, and saturated fat for 12.6%. Cholesterol intake was excessive and over two-thirds of protein intake was from animal sources. In both sexes, the mean intakes of calcium, iodine and vitamins A, D and E were below recommended levels. Conclusions: The dietary patterns of the schoolchildren with normal nutritional status differed from the Mediterranean diet. Intakes of meat and sugar were too high and dairy products and cereals consumption was relatively limited, while that of vegetables, legumes, fruits and fish were insufficient, leading to excessive protein and fat intake from animal sources and insufficient mineral (calcium and iodine) and vitamins A, D and E intake.
Farmers’ utilization practice, yield and chemical composition of selected improved forages grown in natural resource management areas of Farta District, South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia

Abstract The study was conducted with the objective of assessing farmers’ utilization practice, yield and chemical composition of selected improved forages grown in natural resource management areas of Farta District, Ethiopia. The methodology of this study encompassed questionnaire survey, group discussion, field measurement and laboratory analysis. Simple random sampling was used to select a sample consisting of 100 households in the district. Forage samples were collected from three sample places in mid and highlands Kebeles (lower level political administration in Ethiopia). -Samples of forages were taken after 2 months of equal cutting and used to determine the biomass yield and chemical composition. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and SAS software. The result indicated that of the total respondents 91% and 88% of in high land and midlands, respectively, did not use any forage improvement practice after plantation. Concerning forage utilization as feed, 96 and-94% in the high and midland, respectively, practiced cut and carry system. From the sampled forages, a biomass DM yield of Sesbania sesban in highland midland of the study area was 7.8 and 7.64t/ha, Elephant grass 14.28t/ha and 13.84t/ha and Tree Lucerne 7.65t/ha and-7.4t/ha, respectively. The crude protein (CP) content of sample forages was varying from 8.02% in Elephant grass to 25.9% in Sesbania sesban. Overall, improved forages grown in natural resource management areas have a very important function in terms of contribution of nutrients to livestock and indirectly for the household economy in both mid and highland areas. Hence, intervention on management and utilization of forages grown in the natural resource areas is crucial to exploit the resources.
Regional Variability of Precipitation in Tropical Cyclones Over the Western North Pacific Revealed by the GPM Dual‐Frequency Precipitation Radar and Microwave Imager

A knowledge of precipitation microphysics of tropical cyclones (TCs) is crucial for forecasts of the TC track and intensity using numerical weather models. Based on five years of measurements of TCs over the western North Pacific from the dual‐frequency precipitation radar and the microwave imager on board the Global Precipitation Measurement satellite, the precipitation characteristics and microphysical processes in different regions of TCs and their associations with ice scattering signals are investigated. In the region close to the TC center, the storm top height (STH) and near‐surface rain rate are high, and the hydrometeors have a high concentration and a relatively low mass‐weighted mean diameter (Dm). In the outer TC region, the distributions of the reflectivity factor (Ze) and Dm become broader as the mean Dm increases. Ze and Dm values generally increase below the melting layer, indicating the predominant role of collision–coalescence processes. The occurrence probability of collision–coalescence is greater than 90% when STH is less than 5 km and the polarization‐corrected temperature at 89 GHz is greater than 250 K. When the STH exceeds 5 km, the collision–coalescence process is also predominant in the eyewall region; however, the influence of the breakup process increases in the rainband regions.
Investigation of Spatiotemporal Morphology of Plasma Bubbles Based on EAR Observations

Spatiotemporal characteristics of equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) have been studied based on Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) fan sector observations from Kototabang. EPBs were characterized as either locally generated (whose genesis and subsequent evolution was observed in the fan sector maps) or drifted type (which drifted into fan sector scans from west). Investigation of the radar echo spectral width indicated that the drifted EPB could be less evolving type. Height of the F layer in the postsunset period over Kototabang and Chumphon were examined in the two types. Average peak h′F was higher in locally generated EPB cases than in drifted EPB cases (by ~25 km), which is also found to be statistically significant. This scenario has been visualized in terms of a standing large‐scale wave structure (LSWS) whose phase determine whether EPB will be seen evolving over EAR or drifted from a western longitude. Furthermore, low‐latitude sporadic E (Es) variabilities in the two cases were also examined. Es indicated an inverse relation with the peak h′F (which depends on crest/trough of LSWS). These results have been discussed in the light of earlier works on spatial morphology of EPB clusters, particularly in context to the possible generation mechanism of LSWS by the spatial inhomogeneity in the low‐latitude E region conductivity. Lesser occurrence of low‐latitude Es in locally generated EPB cases also signifies the vital role of E region conductivity on Rayleigh‐Taylor instability. These results highlight a need for networked spatial observation of low‐latitude Es.
Performance evaluation of the CHIRPS precipitation dataset and its utility in drought monitoring over Yunnan Province, China

Abstract This study evaluated the performance and utility of the Climate Hazard Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) dataset for monitoring drought over Yunnan Province, China. First, several statistical metrics were used to evaluate the CHIRPS data against 122 gauge observations acquired during 1981–2015. Then, the variation of drought was investigated further based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) over multiple timescales. The results showed the following: (1) the CHIRPS data performed well in terms of monthly precipitation estimation (CC = 0.89, RMSE = 44.26, and MAE = 27.89), albeit with slight overestimation of total precipitation (Bias = 2.9%). Moreover, the CHIRPS data were found adequate in capturing the spatial distribution of precipitation. (2) The CHIRPS-based SPI was shown to be able to capture the occurrence and characteristics of drought events, suggesting that the CHIRPS dataset could be used as an alternative precipitation source for monitoring drought. (3) On the annual scale, it was found that the regions affected most frequently by drought are areas in central, western, and southern parts of Yunnan Province. High frequency of drought occurrence was observed in both spring and winter. Moreover, the results revealed a widespread drying trend over Yunnan Province during 1981–2015, especially in autumn and winter.
To evaluate the anthropometric profile of auricle among school going children in tribal belt of Chhattisgarh, India

Background: The auricle was resides outside the head. Auricle was different size and shape affected by both sex, all age, races and play an important role in forensic investigation. Otapostasis was the most common deformity of the auricle. Aim: To study the morphometric measurements of the auricle and to evaluate otapostasis among school going children in tribal belt of Chhattisgarh. Materials and Methods: School children of three tribal belt of Chhattisgarh, were selected at random and their morph metric measurements like auricle lengths, auricle projection and front of face height of both auricles were taken with the help of a digital vernier caliper. Total 550 healthy students aged group 9 to 15 years included in current research. Children with any auricle deformity, previous auricle surgeries, auricle tumors, history of auricle trauma were excluded from the current research. Result: In present study, mean auricle height was 48.95±5.75 (right auricle) and 48.98±5.77 (left auricle) and otapostasis was 18.86±4.09 (auricle ear) and 18.87±4.10 (left auricle) among all students. Mean auricle height and otapostasis was higher in males than in females. Gender related differences were found not significant. Among all study participants 25.81% had an otapostasis left auricle while 25.09% had an otapostasis right ear. Among male students, 28.48 % had otapostasis right and left ears while female students, 23.63% had right auricle otapostasis and 24.67% otapostasis left auricle. Conclusion: otapostasis more in males than females among tribal school children. These measurements are keen and valuable in evaluation of auricle abnormalities, reconstruction and in otomorphology for identification of tribal belt children.