Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Determinant of Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Working Area of Tanah Tinggi Public Health Center, Binjai Timur Subdistrict, 2018

Tuberculosis is a cause of death in developing countries in the world and Indonesia is one of the countries with the most TB sufferers. One of the districts in North Sumatra that has the highest positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases is Binjai and Binjai Timur is one of the sub districts in this city. The study aims to determine the determinant of positive pulmonary tuberculosis in the working area of Tanah Tinggi Public Health Center in 2018. The type of research is observational analytic with Case Control design. The number of samples is 35 cases and 35 controls. Sampling with non-probability sampling method is based on secondary data sequence from medical records that required the criteria. Data analysis was performed univariate, bivariate with Chi-Square Test, and multivariate with Logistic Regression Test. The bivariate analysis showed the p value of each variable, namely: occupancy density with p value= 0.004; ventilation with p value= 0.001; type of floor with p value= 0.356; knowledge with p value= 0.015; attitude with p value= 0.039; and actions with p value= 0,000. The multivariate analysis showed that the most dominant variable affecting the incidence of positive pulmonary TB was action with OR= 43.375 (95% CI = 4.967 378,777). It is recommended for health workers at Tanah Tinggi Public Health Center to increase their knowledge, experience, and public health actions so that the community avoids various environmental-based diseases such as pulmonary TB.
Virtual and Traditional Classes of English Language at UQU: A Comparative Study of Learning Outcomes

Many earlier studies assessed virtual vs. traditional learning outcomes. The majority of them had two limitations. (1) learners self-selection of virtual classes, and (2) the lack of exams proctoring. It has been stated that these factors give more opportunities of unrealistic elevation of learning outcomes of virtual classes over the traditional ones. This study is of comparative corpus-based nature applied on 1324 male students of Medicine enrolled in Joint First Year Program (JFYP) at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU) in the first semesters of the academic years (2017-2018) and (2018-2019). Participants of this study were given English classification test before commencing their JFYP. In the first semester of the academic year (2017-2018), 624 students were taught English in traditional classes by the English Language Center (ELC) at UQU. The other 700 students studied English through virtual classes by TeachCast with Oxford via Eleutian platform. Then, all participants sat for final exams by the end of their first semesters. Comparing the participants’ grades in these two tests is meant to (1) test the claims of the earlier studies, (2) reveal the impact of English instruction by the ELC at UQU and (3) disclose whether the English learning outcomes of controlled virtual classes surpass the traditional classes’ or not. Findings of this study indicated that the learning outcomes of virtual classes significantly surpassed the traditional classes although the affecting factors stated by earlier studies were eliminated. Then, the study recommendations were suggested.
Study of Serum Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorous Levels in Hypothyroidism

Introduction: Hypothyroidism is receiving greater attention as an important cause of disturbance in mineral metabolism by its direct action on bone turnover, and also as one of the causes for secondary osteoporosis. Calcium (Ca2+), phosphorus (PO4 2−), and magnesium (Mg2+) are necessary for metalloenzymes and various crucial metabolic pathways directly or indirectly regulated by thyroid hormones. Methodology: Patients attending the General Medicine department who were diagnosed clinically as hypothyroid for the first time (n=120) and referred to the central laboratory for thyroid function tests were enrolled for the study. 60 normal healthy individuals were chosen as controls. Results: In hypothyroid patients, the mean values of calcium and magnesium were found to be higher compared to that of the controls’. Whereas mean value of phosphorous was found to be lower compared to that of the controls’. Conclusion: Serum calcium, magnesium & phosphorous levels are widely altered in patients having hypothyroidism. So we suggest that constant monitoring of these minerals in hypothyroid patients will be of great benefit in improving clinical manifestation. Complications can be avoided by planning holistic disease management strategies for these patients.
Exports and long-run growth: The case of Spain, 1850-2020

ABSTRACT We analyse in this paper the relationship between international trade and economic growth from the point of view of one of the most traditional hypotheses within this field, namely, the export-led growth hypothesis, for the case of Spain in a long-term perspective of 170 years. Exports seem to have played a positive, though modest, role in promoting economic growth in the Spanish economy over the whole period, mostly due to the higher productivity associated with the export sector. The contribution of exports to growth, however, seems to have been stronger in the final years of the 19th century, unlike the rest of the period, where it proved to be negligible.
Ten-Year Outcomes of Stents versus Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease

Departments of Cardiology (DWP, JMA, YHY, DYK, PHL, SWL, SWP, SJP) and Division of Biostatistics (SCY), Center for Medical Research and Information, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary’s Hospital, GangNam, Seoul, Korea (KBS); Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (HCG); Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea (MHJ); Yonsei University Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea (YSJ); Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul (HSK) and Bundang (IHC), Korea; Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea (IWS); Kyung Pook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea (HSP); Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea (THA); Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea (SJT). *The first two authors (Drs. D.W. Park and J.M. Ahn) contributed equally to this article.
Why the determinacy condition is a weak criterion in rational expectations models

This paper disputes what Blanchard and Kahn have reported as the solution of linear rational expectation (RE) systems many years ago. Their method leads to traditional determinacy condition which is used very much nowadays. In this paper we have a new look to the mathematical procedure of this solution method and the main problem in their solution will be shown. We introduce a new methodology for modeling the systems with expectation, while in future this way of modeling can be used to replace traditional RE models. Keywords-Rational expectation; Determinacy condition; Stability; Uniqueness; Predictive control
M&A Likelihood: Impact of Firm Characteristics

This paper empirically examines firm-characteristics determinants of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) likelihood by Malaysian public listed firms. This study specifically investigates the impact of firm characteristics on acquisition likelihood using 9998 firm-year observations during the period from 2001 to 2018. Past studies regarding Malaysian M&As mostly focus on the performance of M&As and its determinants. Using probit regression, findings suggest that firms’ size, sales growth, and stock return positively affect firm probability to involve in M&As. while, leverage, profitability, cash holding, and tangibility affect M&A likelihood negatively. The findings also suggest that firms’ characteristics in the current M&A year can explain M&A decision better than they do in the pre-M&A year. Our findings provide insights to mangers, investors, and regulators in order to understand more about corporate takeovers which is an important growth and survival strategy for businesses.
The Relationship between Water Regimes and Maize Productivity under Drip Irrigation System : A Statistical Model

Irrigation frequency is one of the most important factors in drip irrigation scheduling and production planning, where water resources are limited, that affects soil water regime, water and fertilization use efficiency and crop yield. Therefore, field experiments were conducted for 2 years in the summer season of 2011 and 2012 on sandy loam soil to investigate the effects of irrigation frequency under surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems on growth parameters, grain yield, N, P and K uptakes, and water use efficiency (WUE) of maize (Zea mays L.). The results indicated that the highest values of maize growth parameters were gained when irrigating plants with 100 % of the ETc (2500 m/fed.= high frequency) treatment by using subsurface drip irrigation system. On the contrary, the lowest values appeared by irrigating plants by 1900 m/fed. (70 % of ETc = low frequency) under surface drip irrigation system. There were no significant differences between the growth parameters values by using the two experimental irrigation systems, but the differences increased by using the different water quantities. The highest maize grain yield (2638 and 2575 kg/fed.) were gained by using control irrigation water quantity (2500 m/fed.) comparing with the other two water quantities under subsurface and surface drip irrigation system, respectively. The significant differences were appeared for N, P and K uptakes values by the effect of water quantities, and the interaction between water quantities and irrigation systems, but there were no significance under the individual effect of irrigation systems. The relationship between water quantities and maize grain yield using drip irrigation system under semi arid conditions is 1 degree.
Effectiveness of Education to Improve Knowledge Regarding Hand Washing Practices of Primary School Children in Rural Community

Introduction: Hand washing through appropriate and easy methods and educational intervention could be save millions of lives, which are cost effective in many developing world. There are clear changes observed in hand washing behaviors of primary school children after the educational intervention. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone for prevention and control of infection and prevents the children from different diseases. Methods: A quasiexperimental, quantitative, before and after study design was conducted among the students total (n= 76) in the primary school of Ali Raza Abad Raiwind Road Lahore, Pakistan from September 2018 to December 2018. The educational intervention involve four meeting about hand washing in which the researcher educate the students about hand washing practices and give standard knowledge that improve the hand washing practices that lead to prevention of disease which are caused by contaminated hand and appropriate way of hand washing to promote the good quality of health. Results A total 76 children participated in the study, the majority of the participants were boys 53(69.74%). The mean score of knowledge before intervention is 13.3816, standard deviation is 3.54675 and standard error of mean is . 40694 on the other hand the total means of knowledge after intervention is 18.6447, standard deviation is 1.52930 and standard error of mean is . 17542. The mean difference between the two mean is 5.26316. There is a statistically significant difference before and after the educational intervention. The educational intervention is highly effective because the significant value is 0.00. Conclusions: The result of the study shows the knowledge regarding hand washing practices of children in primary schools was improved after educational implementation and by proper techniques of hand washing.
Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery in the elderly: Current status

Hepato-pancreatico-biliary (HPB) surgery includes major hepatic resection and pancreatic surgery, both procedures are complex and have a potentially high complication rate. The presence of centers of excellence with a high patients volume has lowered the complication and increased the resection rate. Increased life expectancy and improved general health status have increased the number of elderly patients eligible for major surgery. Since old patients have more co-morbidities and decreased life expectancy, the benefit of these procedures need to be critically evaluated in this group. Analysis of the literature related to this argument demonstrated that pancreatoduodenectomy can be performed safely in selected elderly patients (70 years of age or older), with morbidity and mortality rates comparable those observed in younger patients. This aspect was also confirmed by cost analysis studies that reported similar data in both groups. Similar findings are also reported for major hepatic resection in elderly patients with either hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Klatskin tumor or gallbladder carcinoma. More studies are needed regarding the subgroup of very elderly patients (80 years or older). Nevertheless, those elderly patients who will benefit from surgery must be adequatelly selected.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Ki-67, p53 and HER2/neu in Meningiomas

Introduction: Meningiomas are one of the most common primary intracranial tumours. Although most meningiomas are benign, the spectrum also includes atypical and malignant meningiomas. Clinical outcome of meningiomas is often difficult to predict. The stratification of risk on the basis of histomorphology alone remains problematic; thus additional biomarkers are needed. In this study biomarkers of prognostic and therapeutic interest like Ki-67, p53 and HER2/neu have been studied in correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Materials and methods: A retrospective study on histologically diagnosed meningiomas was undertaken. Slides were retrieved and reviewed. Clinical details were recorded from the files in the archives of the department. Immunohistochemical staining with markers Ki-67, p53 and HER2/neu were performed and the findings were interpreted. Results: The study included 17 cases with an age range of 16 to 73 years and a male: female ratio of 1.1:1.There were 11 cases (64.7%) of primary tumours and 6 cases (35.3%) were recurrent tumours. WHO Grade I meningiomas were maximum and accounted for 70.5% followed by grade II (17.5%) and grade III (12%) meningiomas. Ki-67 expression was seen in all cases with progressively increased expression in higher grades. p53 expression was observed in all the cases with higher levels (>10%) in Grade II and Grade III meningiomas compared to grade I meningiomas. The HER2/neu staining was negative in all cases studied. Conclusion: Grade I meningiomas appear to have low mitotic count on morphology but have higher proliferation rate on Ki-67 studies. Most of the recurrent tumours have higher p53 expression (>10%). Hence, adjuvant studies with biomarkers Ki-67 and p53 will be helpful in precise grading of meningiomas.
Are all LGBTQI+ patients white and male? Good practices and curriculum gaps in sexual and gender minority health issues in a Dutch medical curriculum

Objectives: People marginalized based on their sexual and gender identity face specific health risks and experience barriers to culturally competent care. Insight into how Dutch medical schools address LGBTQI+ health-related learning objectives is scarce. We therefore examined how LGBTQI+ health issues are integrated in the Amsterdam UMC-VUmc medical curriculum by evaluating the year-two course ‘Sex, Sexuality and Relationships’ for LGBTQI+ content. Methods/Design: We examined written course content (course syllabus, lecture notes, and course literature) of the 2016-2017 course. We used a framework for essential LGBTQI+ content in medical education and an intersectional approach to examine which LGBTQI+ themes and subthemes were addressed. Results: Several essential LGBTQI+ health issues were adequately addressed and integrated into the Amsterdam UMC-VUmc curriculum, but we also identified curriculum gaps. The needs of patients with lesbian, bisexual, or gender non-conforming identities were marginally addressed, and issues related to intersections of minoritized sexual and gender identities with other aspects of diversity such as ethnicity, age and class remained unexplored. The course discussed gender and sexuality as fixed and mainly binary constructs, and only addressed biomedical explanatory models of sex, gender and sexuality. Discussion and conclusion: The absence of complex patient identities in relation to sex, gender and sexuality does not adequately prepare students to provide LGBTQI+ responsive care. If not designed and taught competently, LGBTQI+-related curriculum content may reproduce bias and stereotypes, and contribute to a medical climate where both LGBTQI+ patients, students, and doctors conceal their identities. Further implementation of LGBTQI+ health issues is required in (continuing) medical education to secure culturally competent clinical environments. Educational research is needed to understand how medical education contributes to marginalization of LGBTQI+ identities and thus, to health disparities.
The Antecedents and Dimensionality of Knowledge-Sharing Intention: An Empirical Study of R&D Engineers in a High-Performing IT Company.

Purpose This paper aims to focus on the relationships between situational/dispositional variables and an individual’s intention to knowledge sharing, and has theoretical implications for researchers in human resource development and management, as well as implications for practicing managers in organizations. First, this study examines whether an integrative model of knowledge sharing reveals an impact of various antecedents on sharing of knowledge between individuals, which has been rarely explored in a single study. In particular, this study is interested in examining whether the two dimensions improve individual sharing of explicit and tacit knowledge, respectively. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative survey design approach is used as the research method for data collection. Initially, a pilot study is conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the measures. A 120-item questionnaire is used to measure personality traits, organizational climate and knowledge-sharing intention. The main study is conducted at the Korean IT companies, which have knowledge management system and actively share knowledge between R&D engineers. Findings The results of regression analyses indicate that conscientiousness, openness and extroversion of dispositional variables are positively related to an individual’s intention to share knowledge. Of situational variables, organizational support and identity are positively related to knowledge sharing, and reward is negatively associated with knowledge-sharing intention. Theoretical and practical implications for future research are discussed. Originality/value Scholars focused with increasing emphasis over the past 20 years on an organization’s ability to facilitate, utilize and share knowledge as critical components of organizational success. Several scholarly attempts tried to explain the antecedents of knowledge sharing. Despite an increasing demand for a coherent and integrated approach to knowledge sharing, empirical efforts remain largely absent with regard to how knowledge transfer and knowledge-sharing practices among individuals are affected by dispositional and situational variables. Also, individual intention to share knowledge was primarily measured as a unidimensional concept. This is a surprising oversight, given that tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge are critical. Indeed, these may be collectivized successfully for the firm’s driver. To address this gap in our understanding of the personal dynamics involved in knowledge-sharing practices, this study seeks to investigate whether dispositional and situational variables lead to changes in individual’s intention to share tacit and explicit knowledge.
Effect of Salicylic Acid Sprays on the Performance of Fenugreek Grown with Graded Levels of Salinity

An experiment was carried out in a net-house, Aligarh Muslim University Department of Botany. The six different treatments that were used in this study includes control, Salicylic acid, NaCl (50 mM), SA + 50 mM NaCl, 100 mM NaCl and SA + 100 mM NaCl. The resultant plants from salt-treated seeds of the present investigation indicated that seeds recorded lower values for all the growth attributing parameters. It was deep-rooted that 50 mM and 100 mM salt concentrations harm the growth, biochemical and yield parameters of fenugreek. Salt stress reduces plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, Nitrate reductase activity, number of pods and seed yield in fenugreek. The foliar application of Salicylic acid alleviates the negative effect of salinity. This effect was more pronounced in 50 mM salt stress than 100 mM.
DURATION AND CONCENTRATION OF
1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE TREATMENT:
IMPACT ON RIPENING AND SHELF LIFE OF PARTIALLY RIPENED BANANAS

1 Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran ABSTRACT. In order to improve the quality and extend the shelf life of bananas after gassing with ethylene at commercial treatment during transportation and storage the simultaneous application of ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene were examined. Fruit were treated with 100 μL L of ethylene for two consecutive days as a control, followed by 20 min ventilation each day, or simultaneously exposed to 1-MCP at different concentrations (30, 100 or 300 nL L on the first day or second day, or treated with 1-MCP alone on the third day at 22oC. Fruit from each treatment were used to evaluate external and internal quality parameters and shelf life. The results showed that shelf life increased significantly, compared to the control when 1-MCP was applied coincidently with ethylene in the second day and reapplied alone in the third day. The highest increase in shelf life (125%) was obtained when 1-MCP was applied on the second day at 30 nL L simultaneously with ethylene and at 300 nL L alone on the third day, compared to the control in both harvest months. We conclude that simultaneous application of 1-MCP is more effective than the more common method of extending banana shelf life through application of 1-MCP after ethylene treatment.