Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turning the tide: Growth and dynamics of a tidal basin and inlet in experiments

Dynamic equilibrium of short tidal systems with ebb deltas, inlets, and basins is poorly understood. Observations suggest the possibility of equilibrium with sediment import balancing export, while individual channels and shoals at the local scale remain dynamic. Our objectives are to ascertain (1) whether tidal systems under entirely steady forcing can attain this state and (2) under what conditions cyclic channel‐shoal migration occurs. We present experiments of tidal systems developing from an initial breach in the coast. We periodically tilted the entire flume to obtain reversing tidal currents and sediment transports. The surface area of the back‐barrier basin with an inlet channel with erodible boundaries continued to enlarge while sediment mobility decreased. Experiments with fixed inlet boundaries remained smaller and much more dynamic and had cyclically migrating ebb and flood channels. The same cyclicity with a period of about 80 tides is observed in shifting dominance of the two channels of the inlet and in the shifting channels in the basin. Experiments with stepwise sea level rises resulted in more rapid channel and bar shifting, increased channel dimensions and basin size. We conclude that cyclic migration of channels is coupled between inlet and basin but the ebb delta did not show such cyclicity. Furthermore, tidal basins with erodible boundaries slowly enlarge by margin erosion toward a system where sediment mobility is at the threshold for motion, as in braided gravel‐bed rivers. Consequently, in nature dimensions of tidal systems are partly determined by naturally formed cohesive and vegetated margins and geological context.
Deriving phenological metrics from NDVI through an open source tool developed in QGIS

Vegetation indices have been commonly used over the past 30 years for studying vegetation characteristics using images collected by remote sensing satellites. One of the most commonly used is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The various stages that green vegetation undergoes during a complete growing season can be summarized through time-series analysis of NDVI data. The analysis of such time-series allow for extracting key phenological variables or metrics of a particular season. These characteristics may not necessarily correspond directly to conventional, ground-based phenological events, but do provide indications of ecosystem dynamics. A complete list of the phenological metrics that can be extracted from smoothed, time-series NDVI data is available in the USGS online resources (http://phenology.cr.usgs.gov/methods_deriving.php). This work aims to develop an open source application to automatically extract these phenological metrics from a set of satellite input data. The main advantage of QGIS for this specific application relies on the easiness and quickness in developing new plug-ins, using Python language, based on the experience of the research group in other related works. QGIS has its own application programming interface (API) with functionalities and programs to develop new features. The toolbar developed for this application was implemented using the plug-in NDVIToolbar.py. The user introduces the raster files as input and obtains a plot and a report with the metrics. The report includes the following eight metrics: SOST (Start Of Season – Time) corresponding to the day of the year identified as having a consistent upward trend in the NDVI time series; SOSN (Start Of Season – NDVI) corresponding to the NDVI value associated with SOST; EOST (End of Season – Time) which corresponds to the day of year identified at the end of a consistent downward trend in the NDVI time series; EOSN (End of Season – NDVI) corresponding to the NDVI value associated with EOST; MAXN (Maximum NDVI) which corresponds to the maximum NDVI value; MAXT (Time of Maximum) which is the day associated with MAXN; DUR (Duration) defined as the number of days between SOST and EOST; and AMP (Amplitude) which is the difference between MAXN and SOSN. This application provides all these metrics in a single step. Initially, the data points are interpolated using a moving average graphic with five and three points. The eight metrics previously described are then obtained from the spline using numpy functions. In the present work, the developed toolbar was applied to MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data covering a particular region of Portugal, which can be generally applied to other satellite data and study area. The code is open and can be modified according to the user requirements. Other advantage in publishing the plug-ins and the application code is the possibility of other users to improve this application.
Simulated turbulent fluxes over land from general circulation models and reanalyses compared with observations

Turbulent fluxes over land in three general circulation models (GCMs) and the three reanalyses are compared with long‐term measurements. Observations were obtained from a variety of sources, including GEBA, Cabauw, The Netherlands, and two newly analysed sites. The intercomparison reveals a wide range of values between the models. The latent heat flux in two of the models shows good agreement with observations. These models benefit from accurately simulated radiative fluxes. The other models tend to overestimate the latent heat flux as long as there is sufficient soil moisture available. This overestimation is caused by a variety of reasons, including: a too intense zonal flow from the ocean to the interior of the continent, which produces an excessive moist advection, thereby increasing precipitation and evaporation; and a high insolation and soil moisture, producing excessive latent heat flux in summer. Where soil moisture is limited too early, an excessive decrease in latent heat flux is apparent towards the end of summer. The sensible heat flux in the models varies when compared with the observations due to the following possibilities: in models that exhibit an excessive summer drying, too much available energy will be partitioned into the sensible heat flux at the end of summer, since there is no water available for evaporation; in models where radiation is overestimated, the excessive available energy will lead to an overestimated sensible heat flux. Despite the continuous assimilation of observations from the global observing system in the reanalyses, the range of uncertainties is not reduced when compared with the GCMs. Thus, although the reanalysis project was developed to aid the validation of GCMs, it appears to be difficult to accomplish this in the case of the turbulent fluxes. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society
Beijing aerosol: Atmospheric interactions and new trends

[1] Beijing aerosols are scrutinized as a case study for atmospheric interactions in a complex multisource situation. For the first time, fine ( 2 μm) aerosols were continuously collected during a time period (20 months) long enough to capture seasonal trends of sources and interactions. Weekly samples were obtained from January 2003 to August 2004 downtown and during 9 months at two periurban sites. Aerosol samples were chemically characterized (black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and major ions) and dust was obtained from mass closure. Concentration data were smoothed and boundary layer height (BLH) corrected in order to better identify sources and processes. All yearlong, the coarse aerosol is dominated by dust (75%) whereas the fine mode is dominated (46%) by carbonaceous particles. Photochemistry is an intense driving force for secondary aerosol formation including secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Dust particles present a reactive surface for secondary aerosol formation from the intense anthropogenic pool of acidic gaseous precursors (SO2, HNO3, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)). These interactions favor the formation of a very significant coarse fraction for SO4, NO3, and POM, a feature almost never encountered in developed countries. Surprisingly too is the presence of fine NH4NO3 in summer. A new result is also that the winter “heating season” appears at present of minor importance with, however, a significant component from domestic heating as traced by BC/OC. In the future, traffic is likely to dominate downtown anthropogenic emissions. Year-to-year variability in meteorological conditions is likely to influence inputs from arid regions and from regional industrial and biomass burning sources.
Still a Place to Call Home? Development and the Changing Character of Place

Abstract The relationship between heritage and development is a complex one, burdened with unease, tension, and numerous challenges; this is even more difficult in historic urban centres. At a time of rapid urbanization, modernization, and globalization, conservation and development of historical urban landscapes comprise one of the most demanding challenges facing the field of heritage. In this paper, I investigate the importance of conservation and development to integrate heritage in its totality (tangible and intangible), and take into consideration aspects of meanings, people’s experiences, memories, and association with a place. The ancient port of Suakin (Sudan) is a perfect case study, where development and conservation continue to focus primarily on the tangibility of heritage. Through perceptions derived from ethnographic research, I explore the effect of unsympathetic development and conservation on intangible meanings and values, and the likely impact on the tradition of the place and the way of life, sense of place, and attachment. Through this examination we can increase our appreciation of the impact of development on intangible values. The paper suggests that the restoration of the physical fabric alone cannot help to conserve its meaning. Intervention in the historic urban landscape requires visualization of the place as a whole.
EFFECTS OF PROSTATE CANCER AND EXERCISE TRAINING ON LEFT 1 VENTRICULAR FUNCTION AND CARDIAC AND SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS 2

Prostate cancer was found to reduce cardiac and left ventricle (LV) masses in association with 19 diminished exercise capacity in rats. We tested the hypothesis that exercise training will mitigate 20 prostate cancer-induced cardiac and skeletal muscle atrophy and improve LV function versus 21 sedentary tumor-bearing counterparts. Methods: Copenhagen rats (n=39; ~5 mo. old), 22 randomized into four groups; exercise-trained tumor-bearing (EXTB) or control (EXCON) and 23 sedentary tumor-bearing (SEDTB) or control (SEDCON). Dunning R-3327 prostate cancer cells 24 were injected orthotopically in 19 of the 39 animals. Treadmill exercise training was performed 25 for 60 min/day for ~30 days. Animals underwent echocardiography to examine ventricle 26 dimensions pre-cancer injection or exercise (PRE) and 15 (Post 1) and 32-35 (Post 2) days post- 27 cancer cell injection with tissues collected after Post 2. LV TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were 28 measured post-mortem . Results: Cardiac and LV mass of SEDTB animals were lower than all 29 groups (p<0.05). Tumor mass was negatively correlated with LV mass in EXTB (-0.75, p<0.02) 30 and SEDTB animals (-0.72, p<0.02). EXCON group had higher stroke volume Post 2 assessment 31 compared to both sedentary groups (p<0.05), but not EXTB animals. No difference in LV [IL-6] 32 or [TNF-α] were found between the cancer groups. Conclusion : The current investigation 33 demonstrates prostate cancer, independent of anti-cancer treatment, significantly reduces cardiac 34 mass, and LV mass as well as locomotor muscle masses. However, moderate intensity exercise 35 training can mitigate cardiac and skeletal muscle atrophy with prostate cancer and preserve the cardiac phenotype (i.e., mass and function) to that of the healthy sedentary group.
Measuring Potential Access to Primary Healthcare Services: The Influence of Alternative Spatial Representations of Population

Abstract Spatial accessibility measures are an important policy tool for managing healthcare provision and reducing health inequality. The two-step floating catchment area technique, in common with many alternative methodologies, requires that demand-side population be estimated using spatial interpolation techniques. This article studies the implications of adopting differing spatial representations of population on healthcare accessibility modeling outcomes. Results indicate that a dasymetric model yields lower accessibility scores than a standard pro rata model. More important, the difference is spatially disproportionate, suggesting that the degree of disadvantage experienced in rural areas may be greater than has previously been recognized.
The Maastrichtian transgression onto the northwestern flank of the Proto-Oman Mountains: sequences of rudist-bearing beach to open shelf facies

Abstract The Maastrichtian Qahlah and Simsima Formations, the first autochthonous deposits on the obducted Oman ophiolite complex, crop out in a gridle of jebels around the Oman Mountains. Those around the NW flank, between Al Dhayd (Sharjah) and Al Ayn-Buraymi (Dubai-Oman) are documented to illustrate: (1) an exposed regional reference section for the widespread Simsima Formation, at Jebel Faiyah (Sharjah); (2) the marked transgressive nature of the sequence onto the obducted complex; and (3) the rich rudist faunas there, associated with various beach to shelf facies, and their palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical implications. ‘Basement’ (serpentinites in the north and sedimentary nappes in the south) is overlain by locally developed laterites and the dominantly siliciclastic, marginal continental to marine deposits of the Qahlah Formation, followed, with local erosion and overlap, by the carbonate-dominated Simsima Formation. The latter continues the deepening trend, passing from basal rudist-rich inshore facies to open shelf foraminiferal packstones to wackestones. The whole sequence onlaps eastwards onto the obducted complex. Its truncated top is overlain by Palaeogene slope deposits. In the north (Jebel Faiyah area) the Maastrichtian sequence has an open, relatively high energy aspect. A shelf margin of Simsima Formation rudist limestones briefly developed in the early Maastrichtian around Qarn Murrah. Further transgression to the southeast drowned this and, by ‘mid’-Maastrichtian times, a bouldery beach conglomerate of the Qahlah Formation, with in situ Durania, was forming at Jebel Faiyah itself, along a cliff-backed shoreline with sandy embayments. Over this came tidally influenced rudist-rich facies and foraminiferal limestones of the Simsima Formation. In the south (Jebel Huwayyah area), in contrast, marginal fan-delta gravels and sandstones, of early Maastrichtian age, were followed by more restricted shallow marine silty marls and limestones with Loftusia, rudists and corals, of early to mid-Maastrichian age. These Qahlah deposits were overlapped by a relatively rudist-poor Simsima Formation sequence. The obducted complex was thus strongly emergent at the start of the Maastrichtian, and the Aruma Sea transgressed onto its western flank, as the ophiolite subsided through that stage, forming a relatively open shelf in the north, becoming broader and more restricted further south. The rudist assemblages found on this shelf are similar to those of other open Tethyan shelves in the eastern and central Mediterranean and Middle East.
Mortality due to septic shock following early , appropriate antibiotic therapy : Can we do better ?

Crit Care Med 2012 Vol. 40, No. 7 research. As these types of studies become more prevalent and important to the understanding of the practice of medicine and effecting change, it is worth noting some of the issues which plague observational studies: lack of randomization, hierarchical clustering of data, missing data elements, unmeasured confounders, and multiple outcomes (13). To their credit, Gershengorn and colleagues acknowledge these limitations, paving the way for future research. They speculate that unmeasured structural, organizational, and cultural factors may well be at work here. This article not only highlights the remarkable diversity of ICU utilization but even more importantly reveals the gaping deficits in our current knowledge base that must be corrected if we are to effectively manage our units. Their work suggests the need for a comprehensive data set which would include structural issues (e.g., number of ICU beds, stepdown beds, special care unit beds), organizational issues (e.g., absence or presence of ICU physician staffing on a 24/7 basis as recommended by the Leapfrog Group, full-time medical director, nurse-patient staffing ratios, working ICU admission criteria and compliance rates), and patient related issues (e.g., severity of illness measures such as Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, standardized mortality rates). In the absence of routinely collected information of this sort, it is extraordinarily difficult, if not impossible, to craft and implement measures to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of our practice of critical care. Change is imminent as the storm clouds gather. We can be part of crafting our destiny or be passive bystanders as the marketplace, third-party payers, and politicians change medicine in ways that are fearful to imagine. Gershengorn and colleagues have lifted the edge of the tent and given us a glimpse of the circus inside. We should not miss this opportunity to insist on developing national data sets that will give us the information necessary to fully examine our current practices and implement meaningful change in a rational manner.
Reindeer herders in the Timan-Pechora oil province of Northwest Russia: an assessment of interacting environmental, social, and legal challenges

Abstract The IPY-endorsed project MODIL-NAO (Monitoring of Development of Traditional Indigenous Land Use Areas in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO), NW Russia), concluded in early 2010, was a collaboration between scientists and indigenous peoples’ representatives of the NAO in Northwest Russia. It has resulted in a GIS database showing traditional economic activities as well as modern oil development and is aimed at serving as a tool for the indigenous peoples of the area for negotiations about land use issues. The project focused also on assessing the state of socio-economic, juridical, and environmental conditions for the indigenous population of the area. Major data sources were a questionnaire survey amongst reindeer herders, and a satellite image interpretation with the aim to monitor physical degradation of the tundra. Both the database and the assessment are introduced and major challenges for future development are pointed out.
Landscape Evolution in Cebu, Central Philippines: The Impact of Sea Level, Social History, and Tectonism on Archaeological Landscapes

<p> Landscape formation is often discontinuous and punctuated by rapid change, and cultural landscapes may be fragmented and found in chronological and spatial mosaics rather than continuous progressions. Human occupation of the Carcar area of the central Philippines is discussed relative to these effects. Pleistocene evolution of landscapes in Cebu is a complex array of uplifted fossil coral reef platforms that form the lower benches of the central cordillera of the island. These formed during periods of high sea level, and their present altitude has been increased by periodic tectonic uplift. Submarine fossil coral reef platforms are components of this landscape evolution, and at least two at depths of 20 m and 60 m below the present sea level formed in the mid- to late Pleistocene. A submarine flank-margin cave, Marigondon Cave, formed in the 20 m reef platform when subaerial in the period from 80,000–10,000 <small class="caps" xmlns:m="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink">b.p. </small> More recent Holocene-era sea level change, rising by 1.8 m above present sea level in the period from 2000–6000 <small class="caps" xmlns:m="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3. org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink">b.p. </small>, altered coastal terrain and constrained human settlement to the upper extent of the present coastal plain. Subsequent upland degradation has buried the mid-Holocene shoreline below 2–3 m of colluvial deposits. These two contexts for human settlement are situated in the complex mosaic of the present geography of Cebu, with other localized settlement opportunities such as <i>danao</i> (sinkholes), caves and rock shelters, shorelines, bajadas, and high cordilleran river valleys. The history of physical processes is interleaved with human history, and the choices and cultural changes that themselves impact the landscape. </p>
Characteristics of anti-CLL1 based CAR-T therapy for children with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia: the multi-center e�cacy and safety interim analysis

C-type lectin like molecule-1 (CLL1) is preferentially expressed on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cells and AML blasts, and can be considered as AML-associated antigen. Anti-CLL1-based CAR-T cells exhibited effective tumor killing capacity in vitro and in AML-bearing mouse model. In this report, eight children with relapsed or refractory AML (R/R-AML) were recruited for a phase 1/2 clinical trial of autologous anti-CLL1 CAR-T cell immunotherapy. The objectives of this clinical trial were to evaluate the safety and the anti-AML responses after CLL1-CAR-T cell treatment, with long-term prognosis within those patients who did not receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (allo-HSCT) as an additional aim. These R/R-AML patients received one dose of autologous CLL1-CAR-T cells after lymphodepletion conditioning. Grade 3–4 hematologic adverse events were observed post CAR-T cell infusion. Meanwhile, grade 1–2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed but without any lethal events. 4 out of 8 AML patients achieved incomplete remission (CRi) and minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity, 2 patients with CRi but MRD positivity, and 2 patients with decreased AML burden and CLL1 positive AML blast clearance. These results suggested that anti-CLL1-based CAR-T cell immunotherapy can be considered as a well-tolerated and effective option for treating children with R/R-AML. followed The eluted in 1.5 diluted phosphate buffer pH 7.2. The elution was further concentrated approximately 10- fold by 300 KD TFF column. The �nal concentrate was formulated with human serum albumin (HSA) to 2%, �ltered with a 0.22 um �lter, aliquoted to 2ml cryotubes, quick frozen on dry-ice, and stored at –80 ℃ a safe and manageable pro�le and high targeting e�cacy for the use of anti-CLL1-based CAR-T cells in the treatment of children with R/R-AML. This is the �rst report of multi-center based clinical trial for application of anti-CLL1 based CAR-T cells in R/R-AML.