Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spray evaporation heat transfer performance in R-123 in tube bundles

This study focuses on evaluating the heat transfer performance of refrigerant R-123 in the spray evaporation environment for pure refrigerant and for the case of lubricant addition. Tests were conducted with triangular-pitch tube bundles made from enhanced boiling tubes, enhanced condensation tubes, and plain-surface tubes. A second enhanced boiling surface tube bundle, made with a square-pitch tube alignment, was also tested so a comparison could be made between the square- and triangular-pitch geometries. In addition to pure refrigerant work, experiments were performed with small concentrations of a 305 SUS naphthenic mineral oil to evaluate its effect on falling-film heat transfer performance. Two different refrigerant supply rates were used in this work so the effects of film-feed supply rate could be interpreted from the data. Refrigerant was introduced to the test section via low-pressure-drop, wide-angle nozzles located directly over the tube bundle. Data were taken over a heat flux range of 40 kW/m{sup 2} (12,688 Btu/[h{center_dot}ft{sup 2}]) to 19 kW/m{sup 2} (6,027 Btu/[h{center_dot}ft{sup 2}]), while the refrigerant supply rate remained fixed. Collector tests were performed in parallel with the heat transfer experiments so the amount of refrigerant bypassing the tube bundle could be determined. It was found that the heat transfermore » coefficients were dependent upon film-feed supply rate, oil concentration, and heat flux. The enhanced boiling surface yielded higher heat transfer coefficients than either the enhanced condensation surface or the plain surface. « less
Rck of Salmonella Typhimurium Delays the Host Cell Cycle to Facilitate Bacterial Invasion

Salmonella Typhimurium expresses on its outer membrane the protein Rck which interacts with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) of the plasma membrane of the targeted host cells. This interaction activates signaling pathways, leading to the internalization of Salmonella. Since EGFR plays a key role in cell proliferation, we sought to determine the influence of Rck mediated infection on the host cell cycle. By analyzing the DNA content of uninfected and infected cells using flow cytometry, we showed that the Rck-mediated infection induced a delay in the S-phase (DNA replication phase) of the host cell cycle, independently of bacterial internalization. We also established that this Rck-dependent delay in cell cycle progression was accompanied by an increased level of host DNA double strand breaks and activation of the DNA damage response. Finally, we demonstrated that the S-phase environment facilitated Rck-mediated bacterial internalization. Consequently, our results suggest that Rck can be considered as a cyclomodulin with a genotoxic activity.
Daytime perimeter environmental noise in the vicinity of four hospitals in the city of Lima, Peru

Abstract The present study is intended to get to know the levels of perimeter diurnal environmental noise of four hospitals in the city of Lima. The measurement mode used at each hospital was A-weighting, with an integration time of five minutes per recording. It was measured in the FAST mode with calibrations made at the beginning and end of the measurement day. Statistical analysis consisted of the mean comparison T test which was applied at all the hospitals considered in the study. At the four hospitals, at all the hours of measurement and both on working days and non-working days (Sunday), LAeq mean values are higher than 83 dBA. On working days, two periods of maximum noise from 08:00 to 10:00 in the morning and from 17:00 to 19:00 in the afternoon coincide with the start and end of working hours. The perimeter diurnal environmental noise levels determined at the vicinity of four hospitals show higher values in all cases to those established by the Peruvian National Environmental Standards for Noise for special protection areas both for working days and for non-working days. Noise that comes from the dense and disorganized traffic of Lima plays a fundamental role in this behaviour.
Modification of the Standard 7-Day Ovsynch Protocol to Increase the Luteolytic and Synchronization Risks in Dairy Cows

Abstract We hypothesized that a single dose of PGF2α belatedly injected on day 8 after GnRH-1 in cows receiving a 7-day Ovsynch-56 protocol (GnRH – 7 days – PGF2α – 56h – GnRH – 16h – timed AI) will increase the proportion of cows with complete luteolysis. At day 35±3 postpartum, 70 lactating Holstein cows from one herd were scored for body condition and pre-synchronized with PGF2α and GnRH (3 days apart) and 7 days later submitted to an Ovsynch-56 protocol for first AI after random assignment to two treatments: (1) OV-7 (n=35) with an injection of PGF2α either on day 7; or (2) OV-8 (n=35) on day 8 after G1, respectively. Blood was collected before the first PGF2α, at day 7 and day 8 in OV-7 and OV-8, respectively, at AI and at 7 days after AI to assess progesterone concentration. Ten cows were classified as acyclic and were excluded from the analysis resulting in 60 cows (OV-8, n=27; OV-7, n=33). In total, more (P=0.01) OV-8 cows and more (P=0.04) primiparous OV-8 cows had complete luteolysis compared with their OV-7 herd mates. In addition, more (P=0.008) OV-8 cows with BCS<2.75 had complete luteolysis compared with their OV-7 herd mates, whereas no difference was observed between treatments among cows with BCS ≥2.75. In conclusion, delaying the application of PGF2α by 1 day reduced the percentage of primiparous cows and cows with poorer BCS having incomplete luteal regression at the time of AI.
National business cultures: the influence of religion, and their role in the economic development of countries

Abstract The paper clarifies the conditions and factors of the development of the institutional environment through modern interdisciplinary analysis. The authors revise the studies of the problem under consideration in the history of science and reveal the decisive role of religion in the development of national business cultures. The study highlights the fundamental postulates, i.e. the canons of theology, and argues for the need to consider them in the context of the analysis of national business cultures. The authors put forward and prove theoretical and methodological principles of the determinant influence of national business cultures and religion on the development of countries (the socio-economic phenomenon of the “economic miracle”). The content of the category “Polish economic miracle” is revealed through analysis of the influence of Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Protestantism on other “economic miracles” known from history. The authors conclude that Catholicism currently encourages entrepreneurial initiative of both individuals and organisations, which contributes to the sustainable economic development of countries.
Far-infrared absorption and dispersion studies on methyl iodide solutions

A far-infrared dispersive liquid cell has been developed in collaboration with the National Physical Laboratory. This New Liquid Cell enables both the absorption coefficient and refractive index of a liquid to be accurately determined over the complete far-infrared frequency range. The New Liquid Cell has been used to make dispersive measurements of methyl iodide liquid and methyl iodide in a range of non-polar solvents. These were: carbon disulphide; carbon tetrachloride; n-heptane; n-decane; n-hexadecane and Santotrac 40 (an industrial traction fluid). This data has been combined with microwave measurements, enabling the total orientational correlation functions and the band moments to be determined. Results have also been obtained on the rates of reorientation and static angular correlations of methyl iodide molecules. This information on the liquid dynamics of methyl iodide has been used to elucidate the molecular environment of the solvents using methyl iodide as a probe molecule, which has given evidence for the presence of discrete solute 'pools' within the solvent environment for the longer chain length n-alkanes. Two theoretical models for molecular reorientation have been fitted to the experimental data. The first, a second order truncation of the Mori formalism though giving a good fit to the experimental far-infrared absorption coefficient and refractive index spectra, gave values for the molecular torques that did not agree with measured values. The second, a physically more meaningful model is based on the motion of a molecule which is described by a gaussian distribution of librational frequencies within a molecular cage, gives molecular torque values that agree well with experimental results.
Survey of Glyphosate-, Atrazine- and Lactofenresistance Mechanisms in Ohio Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Populations

Abstract Herbicide resistance within key driver weeds, such as common waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer var. rudis (Sauer) Costea and Tardif ], constrains available management options for crop production. Routine surveillance for herbicide resistance provides a mechanism to monitor the development and spread of resistant populations over time. Furthermore, the identification and quantification of resistance mechanisms at the population level can provide information that helps growers develop effective management plans. Populations of Amaranthus spp. , including A. tuberculatus, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson), were collected from 51 fields in Ohio during the 2016 growing season. Twenty-four A. tuberculatus populations were screened for resistance to the herbicides lactofen, atrazine, and glyphosate. Phenotypically resistant plants were further investigated to determine the frequency of known resistance mechanisms. Resistance to lactofen was infrequently observed throughout the populations, with 8 of 22 populations exhibiting resistant plants. Within those eight resistant populations, the ΔG210 resistance mechanism was observed in 17 of 30 phenotypically resistant plants, and the remainder lacked all known resistance mechanisms. Resistance to atrazine was observed in 12 of 15 populations; however, a target-site resistance mechanismwas not observed in these populations. Resistance to glyphosate was observed in all populations. Gene amplification was the predominant glyphosate-resistance mechanism (147 of 322 plants) in the evaluated populations. The Pro-106-Ser mutation was identified in 24 plants, half of which also possessed gene amplification. In this study, molecular screening generally underestimated the phenotypically observed resistance. Continued mechanism discovery and marker development is required for improved detection of herbicide resistance through molecular assays.
Spatial and feature-selective attention have distinct effects on population-level tuning

Selective attention is fundamental to cognitive activity and can be deployed in different ways. Non-human primate data suggests that spatial and feature-based visual attention have qualitatively different effects on neural tuning, but this has been challenging to assess in humans. Using multivariate decoding of MEG data, we tracked the effects of spatial and feature-selective attention on population-level coding of novel objects. We found that spatial and feature-selective attention interacted multiplicatively to enhance object representation. Moreover, the two types of attention induced qualitatively different patterns of enhancement in occipital cortex, and these differences were accounted for by the principles of response-gain and tuning curve sharpening derived from single-unit work. A novel information flow analysis further showed that stimulus representations in occipital cortex were Granger-caused by coding in frontal cortices earlier in time. We find that human spatial and feature-selective attention rely on qualitatively different, interacting, neural mechanisms.
Comparison of Two Network-Theory-Based Methods for detecting Functional Regions

Abstract Background: Functional regions are abstract, uniformly defined territorial units that form an important basis for many development strategies of a country or a region. Objectives: This study analyses the application of network theory to the detection of such regions. Methods/Approach: Functional regions are analysed using two methods based on the graph theory: the Walktrap algorithm and the chain approach. The quality of the two regionalization methods is analysed using the fuzzy set theory with the revised method. Slovenia was used as a case study. Results: The Walktrap algorithm generated eight functional regions; seven of them corresponded to those identified in previous studies. The only difference occurred in the northwestern mountainous part of Slovenia. The chain approach led to similar results, although it resulted in a huge functional urban region of the capital Ljubljana. Conclusions: The results show that the Walktrap algorithm calculates regions that are more closed, where more workers find work in the home region, than the chain approach.
Pension Pessimism in the Young Generation: Basics or Instincts to Blame?

Abstract Background: The area of pension expectations in Hungary is barely researched. However, the importance of adequate financial literacy and self-provision is becoming obvious at the economic, the decision-making, and the individual level. Objectives: Our research is conducted to investigate state pension expectations and certain aspects of financial literacy of the young generation, and to find a behavioral explanation for their pessimistic attitude. Methods/Approach: Using a 14-question questionnaire, we collected answers from Hungarian financially educated, young people. Two hypotheses were investigated by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Besides, a comparative analysis was conducted to connect the survey results with the ten instincts published by Hans Rosling in his book ‘Factfulness’. Results: The outcomes are in harmony with prior expectations, i.e. i) students in finance major are aware of the connection between a longer working period and a higher retirement income; and ii) despite the unisex pension scheme there are gender differences in the expected pension age. In the comparative analysis with ‘Factfulness’, we identified five instincts that lie behind the general pessimism of respondents. Conclusions: State pension expectations of the Hungarian young generation are overly pessimistic, the same attitude being found in international literature, as well. Pessimistic expectations can be explained using some of the ten instincts by Rosling.
Analytical study of air-gap surface force – application to electrical machines

Abstract The Maxwell stress tensor (MST) method is commonly used to accurately compute the global efforts, such as electromagnetic torque ripple and unbalanced electromagnetic forces in electrical machines. The MST has been extended to the estimation of local magnetic surface force for the vibroacoustic design of electrical machines under electromagnetic excitation. In particular, one common air-gap surface force (AGSF) method based on MST is to compute magnetic surface forces on a cylindrical shell in the air gap. However, the AGSF distribution depends on the radius of the cylindrical shell. The main contribution of this study is to demonstrate an analytic transfer law of the AGSF between the air gap and the stator bore radius. It allows us to quantify the error between the magnetic surface force calculated in the middle of the air gap and the magnetic force computed on the stator teeth. This study shows the strong influence of the transfer law on the computed tangential surface force distribution through numerical applications with induction and synchronous electrical machines. Finally, the surface force density at stator bore radius is more accurately estimated when applying the new transfer law on the AGSF.
Effect of Pest Exclusion Net (PEN) on the Sustainable Production of Late Season Broad Leaf Mustard (BLM) in Chitwan, Nepal

: Broad leaf mustard (BLM) ( Brassica juncea L. var. rugosa , Brassicaceae) is one of the most widely consumed vegetable crops in Nepal. The production of crop in open field is constrained by major pests like mustard aphid and flea beetle. This study was aimed to determine the effects of pest exclusion net (PEN) on pest-infestation and yield of BLM cultivar “Khumal Broad Leaf”. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and four replications. The treatments included control (no mulch + no net + no pesticide spray), black plastic mulch only, reflective plastic mulch only, black plastic mulch + no net + pesticide spray, and PEN + black plastic mulch + no pesticide spray. Data were analyzed with RSTAT software package and means were separated by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance. The result revealed that crop under PEN had highest plant height (38.99 cm), lowest number of aphid (0-0.86 per plant), flea beetle (0-1.07 per plant) and highest total marketable yield (77.50 ton/ha) while control had lowest plant height (20.06 cm), highest number of aphid (maximum 2.49 per plant), flea beetle (maximum 2.00 per plant) and lowest total marketable yield (13.75 ton/ha). Economic analysis revealed highest benefit-cost ratio in PEN (9.90). This study indicates that the use of PEN protect BLM against aphid and flea beetle, increases yield and can be considered as a viable technology for BLM production by smallholder growers of Nepal
Curcumin Improves the Behavior and Memory in Mice by Modulating the Core Circadian Genes and Their Associated Micro-RNAs

Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective effects of curcumin in albino mice focusing on memory and behavior. Materials and Methods: Four groups of 7 mice each, different concentrations of curcumin were administered for 3 weeks in 3 groups and the remaining group was kept as control. The effect of curcumin on behavior and memory was studied using various tests. The expression of core circadian rhythm genes and micro RNAs were also studied. Results: Our results revealed that curcumin improves the mice's behavior by regulating oxidative stress, hippocampal neurogenesis, and modulation of core circadian genes and their associated micro-RNA. Conclusion: This study shows that curcumin has a potential neuroprotective effect.
Impact of Obesity in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Obesity and cardiovascular disease remain a significant burden on the overall provision of health care in the United States. Obesity has been shown to be a direct risk factor for heart failure. It is, however, unclear what effect obesity plays directly in the morbidity of patients hospitalized with congestive heart failure. We performed a large cohort study regarding the short-term outcomes of obese patients admitted to the hospital with acute congestive heart failure. We found that subjects identified as obese did not have a higher risk of inpatient mortality, and in fact, had lower 30-day readmission rates compared with nonobese subjects. Obesity, therefore, does not seem to be related to worse outcomes in terms of mortality or readmissions, but it does lead to longer length of stay as well as higher cost of admission. Objectives Obesity and cardiovascular disease remain significant burdens on the overall provision of health care in the United States. Obesity has been shown to be a direct risk factor for heart failure (HF). We conducted a nationwide cohort study to assess the short-term impact of obesity in hospitalized patients with HF. Methods We identified 1,520,871 encounters with a primary diagnosis of HF in the 2013–2014 Nationwide Readmission Database. We excluded patients younger than 18 years (n = 2755), hospitalized patients discharged in December (n = 126,137), patients with missing mortality information (n = 477), missing length of stay (LOS; n = 91), patients who were transferred to another hospital (n = 38,489), and patients with conflicting body weight information (n = 7757). Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between baseline characteristics (including the presence of obesity) and in-hospital mortality, as well as 30-day readmission rates. Results The overall in-patient mortality rate was 2.8% (n = 37,927). Obese patients had numerically a lower mortality (1.8%) compared with the nonobese patients (3.1%); however, the difference in risk was not significant on multivariable analysis (hazard ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.94–1.01). In the overall cohort, 20.6% (n = 269,988) were readmitted within 30 days. The risk of 30-day readmission was significantly lower in obese patients (19.4%) compared with nonobese patients (20.9%) (odds ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.84–0.86). Obese patients had longer LOSs (median of 5 days [3–7] vs 4 days [2–6], P < 0.001) and higher costs of index admission (median of $27,206 [$16,027–$48,316] vs $23,339 [$13,698–$41,982], P < 0.001) compared with nonobese patients. Conclusions In this cross-sectional study of patients hospitalized for HF in the United States, obesity was not associated with a higher risk of inpatient mortality, but it was associated with a lower 30-day readmission rate. Obese patients with HF, however, had longer LOSs and higher costs of index admission. Our findings support the obesity paradox seen in patients with HF.
Thermoset and thermoplastic elastomeric chain comparative strength: An in vitro study

Aim: Technology in the field of orthodontic has experienced many developments in the last two decades. The ultimate goal of orthodontic treatment is to provide continuous light pressure to get orthodontic tooth movement with minimum side effects. Elastomeric chains are commonly used materials for moving teeth and closing space. The strength of elastomeric chain results in a tendency for better elastomer selection. Some factories make elastomeric chains with thermoplastic and thermoset materials with thermoset material claims having strength resistance for longer periods of time. The aim of the study was to compare the degradation strength between thermoplastic and thermoset elastomeric chain. Materials and Methods: This was a true-experimental laboratory study (in vitro study). The sample comprised open-type elastomeric chains (power chain) with clear transparent color thermoplastic material, which include original power chain, plastic chain and thermoset material generation II, and memory chain. The samples were divided into four groups (n = 5): 24h, 7, 14, and 21 days. Independent samples t tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to analyze the data. Results: There was significant dissimilarity between thermoplastic and thermoset elastomeric chain material in strength. Thermoplastic elastomeric chains decreased by 60.84%–65.51% and thermoset elastomeric chain reached 36.28%–58.80% within 21 days in artificial saliva solution. Conclusion: There was dissimilarity between the thermoplastic and thermoset elastomeric chain materials in force decay due to excessive early withdrawal forces in the elastomeric chains of thermoplastic materials with a more rigid material than the thermoset elastomeric chains of the thermoset material.