Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of O 2/Ar Ratio and Annealing on the Properties of (Ba,Sr)TiO 3 Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering

Perovskite-structure (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BST) thin films were prepared on Pt/SiO2/Si substrates by RF magnetron sputtering with various O2/Ar ratios and subsequent annealing. The crystallinity and electrical properties of the films were investigated. It was demonstrated that the electrical properties, such as leakage current and capacitance, of the films depend strongly on the oxygen content of the sputtering gas. With increasing oxygen content of the sputtering gas, the leakage current decreases and the capacitance increases. Both the dielectric constant and the leakage current density increase upon annealing. It is believed that the electrical properties of BST films depend strongly on the grain size and surface roughness of the films.
Thermodynamic Model of the System H+−NH4+−SO42-−NO3-−H2O at Tropospheric Temperatures

A multicomponent mole-fraction-based thermodynamic model is used to represent aqueous phase activities, equilibrium partial pressures (of H2O, HNO3, and NH3), and saturation with respect to solid phases (H2SO4 and HNO3 hydrates, (NH4)2SO4(cr), (NH4)3H(SO4)2(cr), NH4HSO4(cr), (NH4)2SO4·2NH4NO3(cr), (NH4)2SO4·3NH4NO3(cr), and NH4HSO4·NH4NO3(cr)) in the system H+−NH4+−SO42-−NO3-−H2O. The model is valid from 328 to <200 K, dependent upon liquid-phase composition. Parameters for H2SO4−H2O, HNO3−H2O, and (NH4)2SO4−H2O interactions were adopted from previous studies, and values for NH4NO3−H2O obtained from vapor pressures (including data for supersaturated solutions), enthalpies, and heat capacities. Parameters for ternary interactions were determined from extensive literature data for salt solubilities, electromotive forces (emfs), and vapor pressures with an emphasis upon measurements of supersaturated H2SO4−(NH4)2SO4−H2O solutions. Comparisons suggest that the model satisfactorily represents partial pressures.
UV-Assisted Graft Polymerization of N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone onto Poly(ether sulfone) Ultrafiltration Membranes Using Selective UV Wavelengths

Low protein fouling 50 kDa poly(ether sulfone) ultrafiltration membranes were produced by UV-assisted graft polymerization of the monomer 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone by using a dip modification technique without loss of protein rejection. UV lamps with an emission wavelength maximum of 300 nm and two specially selected UV light filters, benzene and an aromatic polyester film, were used to filter out 254 nm wavelength light which was found to be responsible for severe loss of protein rejection. The modified membranes that performed the best were prepared by using 300 nm lamps and the benzene filter. With increasing degree of grafting, these membranes exhibited up to 20% higher surface wettability (cos ϑ = 0.83−0.89) than the base membrane (cos ϑ = 0.74), which translated into lower irreversible flux loss (−0.05 to 0.03 compared with 0.42). While the protein rejection remained unchanged after modification, the permeability of the membranes decreased from 6.5 to 0.3 l m-2 h-1 (kPa)-1 with increasing degree of gr.
A New Horizontal Gradient, Continuous Flow, Ice Thermal Diffusion Chamber and Detailed Observation of Condensation-Freezing and Deposition Nucleations.

Abstract : In the attempt to develop a new horizontal gradient, continuous flow, ice thermal diffusion chamber, a number of new schemes have been devised. The subsequent use of the chamber for ice nucleus measurements has resulted in a number of new findings both in the technology of instrumentation for ice nucleus studies and in the mechanisms and nucleating behaviors of both natural and artificial ice nuclei.
Determination of Organotin Compounds in Wine by Microwave-Assisted Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

A new analytical procedure for the determination of five organotin compounds in several matrix wine samples is reported. The organotin compounds were extracted by microwave-assisted extraction with n-hexane. Extraction conditions, such as volume of n-hexane required, extraction temperature, and extraction time, were investigated and optimized by an orthogonal array experimental design. The determination of organotin compounds in the final extracts was carried out by liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The procedure showed limits of detection between 0.029–0.049 µg · L−1. The linearity was in the range of 0.5 to 100 µg · L−1. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) was below 9.43%. The developed method was successfully employed to analyze different matrix wine samples, and some analytes were detected at the level of 0.053 to 1.14 µg · L−1.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Nanohybrids Consisting of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerodendron

Hydrogen gas, which can be used in fuel cells to generate electricity, is considered the ultimate clean energy source. Recently, it was reported that a photo-induced electron transfer system consisting of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and fullerodendrons shows photo-catalytic activity with a very high quantum yield for splitting water under visible light irradiation. However, the mechanism of high efficiency hydrogen generation is not yet clearly understood. We report here the spectroscopic characterizations of the SWCNT-fullerodendron composites. The results indicate two important fundamental properties of the composite system. First, fullerodendrons preferentially interact with the semiconducting SWCNTs instead of with their metallic counterparts. Second, the photo-induced electron transfer process from the C60 moiety of fullerodendrons to SWCNTs occurs more efficiently with an increasing tube diameter.
DENSITIES AND EXCESS VOLUMES IN AQUEOUS POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) SOLUTIONS

Densities of aqueous solutions of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraethylene glycol along with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of average molecular weight 400 have been determined over the entire concentration range at 298.15, 308.15, 318.15 and 328.15 K by using an oscillating tube densimeter. Excess volumes are calculated for each data point, being negative in every case and becoming more negative as the molecular weight increases and as the temperature decreases. Densities for aqueous solutions of PEG of average molecular weight 2000 and 10000 are presented along a limited concentration range of 328.15 K
NOVEL METHODS FOR THE RAPID SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF DAPSONE

ABSTRACT Rapid, sensitive and simple spectrophotometric methods for the determination of dapsone are described. The first method is based on the formation of violet coloured azo product by the diazotisation of dapsone (DAP) followed by a coupling reaction with iminodibenzyl (IDB) in alcohol medium. The second method makes use of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and promethazine hydrochloride (PMH) to form a green coloured product with dapsone in hydrochloric acid medium. Absorbances of the resulting violet and green products are measured at 570 nm and 610 nm respectively and are stable for 24 h and 50 min at 27°C respectively. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.1–2.5 µg mL−1 of DAP (for IDB) and 0.5–5.0 µg mL−1 of DAP (for NBS) at 570 nm and 610 nm respectively. The methods are successfully employed for the determination of dapsone in pharmaceutical preparation and common excipients used as additives in pharmaceuticals do not interfere in the proposed methods. The methods offer the advantages of rapidity, sensitivity and simplicity without the need for extraction or heating. Reaction sequences are described for the formation of products in both the methods.
A REVIEW RECENT DEVELOPMENT ON ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF BISPHENOL A IN FOOD AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical with major applications in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate is used in food storage containers, while epoxy resins are used in the internal coating for food and beverage cans. Residues of unreacted BPA in polycarbonate plastic containers and epoxy coating can migrate into foods, and thus humans of different age groups have been inevitably exposed to BPA. A significant amount of work has been conducted since the estrogenic activity of BPA was reported again in the 1990s to investigate the presence of BPA in both various food and biological samples. Methods based on liquid chromatography (LC) with various ultra violet (UV), fluorescence, electrochemical detection (ECD), mass spectrometry (MS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), gas chromatography (GC) with MS and MS/MS, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) have been developed for determination of BPA in food and biological samples over the past 10–15 years with significant improvements in method detection limits. This review is to give an overview of the recent development of the determination of BPA in food and biological samples and to identify knowledge gaps to further improve the analytical methods for BPA.
Hydrogen and CO Intrapellet Diffusion Effects in Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydrocarbon Synthesis

Intrapellet H2 and CO concentration gradients within catalyst pellets during Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis lead to lighter and more paraffinic hydrocarbon products than when intrapellet diffusion limitations are negligible. These transport restrictions decrease both H2 and CO concentrations near catalytic sites and lead to significant changes in product selectivity. Time-on-stream experiments show that after an experiment is started methane and paraffin/olefin ratios increase rapidly while CO conversion and C5+ selectivity decrease on diffusion-limited pellets until steady state is reached. These changes are not observed on pellets free from transport limitations. Our results indicate that CO concentrations decrease continuously and to a greater extent than H2 concentrations from the exterior to the center of large liquid-filled pellets. Extreme intrapellet diffusion restrictions totally deplete CO near the pellet center and restore the hydrogenolysis activity of Ru which is otherwise strongly inhibited by CO during FT synthesis. In the absence of CO, large hydrocarbons that are removed slowly from liquid-filled catalyst pores undergo extensive hydrogenolysis on Ru sites close to or at the center of the pellets, leading to lower wax yields and to higher methane and light paraffin selectivity.
Preparation of Benzocyclobutenone Derivatives Based on an Efficient Generation of Benzynes

Resorcinol Iodine 2-Iodoresorcinol N,N-Diisopropylethylamine Trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride 2-Iodoresorcinol bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) Cesium carbonate 3-Hydroxy-2-iodophenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Benzyl bromide Diethylamine 3-Benzyloxy-2-iodophenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate 1-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-methoxyethene n-Butyllithium Hydrofluoric acid 5-Benzyloxybicyclo[4.2. 0]octa-1,3,5-triene-7-one Keywords: benzynes; benzocyclobutenone derivatives; synthetic intermediates; halogen-lithium exchange; ketyne silyl acetals; furans; nitrones; safety waste disposal
Mobilisation du chrome et du nickel à partir de sols contaminés, en présence de complexants : transfert et accumulation de ces métaux chez Datura innoxia

La contamination des sols par des polluants metalliques issus de l’activite industrielle constitue un probleme environnemental majeur. La presente etude porte sur l’un de ces sols, l’objectif etant d’etudier l’influence de reactifs complexants sur la mobilisation du chrome et du nickel afin d’ameliorer leur extraction par Datura innoxia. L’etude a d’abord ete realisee sur un sol artificiellement contamine constituant un systeme d’etude simplifiee, avant d’etre etendue au sol contamine par l’activite industrielle. L’EDTA et l’acide citrique sont les complexants les plus efficaces pour mobiliser, respectivement le nickel et le chrome. La mobilisation se fait par : reaction de complexation, reaction de competition et dissolution des phases porteuses du sol. Applique sur le sol, en presence de Datura innoxia, l’EDTA ameliore l’accumulation du nickel tandis que l’acide citrique ameliore celle du chrome. L’evaluation du lessivage des metaux montre que l’utilisation des complexant doit se faire de facon controlee afin d’eviter un depart massif des metaux vers les systemes aquatiques.
Continuous lipase esterification using process intensification technologies

BACKGROUND Nowadays, developing continuous enzymatic processes, especially when a two-phase medium is required, remains a great challenge. So, there is a need to provide a technical solution for generating highly controlled interfacial area in a small volume. In this study, four types of reactors conventionally used for chemical process intensification and marketed by Corning, Chart Industries, NiTech Solutions and AM Technology, were tested for continuous lipase-catalysed esterification in two-phase medium. RESULTS The NiTech oscillating reactor proved to be the more efficient to transform the input mechanical power into mass transfer performance while proposing easily adjustable residence time. Nevertheless, Corning and Chart heat-exchanger reactors were shown to be very suitable candidates even if mass transfer performances depend on the flow-rate and therefore are not uncoupled from the residence time. This results in a less convenient choice of operating conditions. The Coflore system was not so convincing but it may be due to the injection device not well adapted to this system. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates that novel technologies, recently proposed for intensification of chemical processes, are indeed very suitable and provide a relevant alternative to conventional processes for enzymatic reactions and therefore for two-phase reactions limited by the interfacial area value. Also, it has been shown here that the model reaction considered could be a simple way to characterize mass transfer performances of these technologies. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
COAL PROPERTY EFFECTS ON N2O AND NOx FORMATION FROM CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION OF COAL

ABSTRACT The effects of coal properties on N2O and NOx formation from circulating fluidized bed combustion of coal was examined through burning nine typical coals and a coal shale, widely used in China over a wide range of coal ranks, in a bench-scale circulating fluidized bed. It was found that N2O and NOx formation had similar dependence on coal rank. Fixed carbon content and nitrogen content were the most important coal properties to influence N2O and NOx emissions from circulating fluidized bed combustion of coal. A coal with high fixed carbon content had high conversion ratio of fuel-N into N2O and NOx. The conversion ratio of fuel-N into N2O or NOx increased with nitrogen content of coal, whereas it decreased with O/N ratio. No significant correlation between conversion ratio of fuel-N into N2O or NOx and C/N ratio was identified. To clarify the coal property effect, investigation of a wide range of coal rank, is important.
Influencia do cromoglicato de sodio no processo de necrose muscular em camundongos mdx jovens

In the present study, we verified whether disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn), an anti-allergic drug, could protect dystrophic mdx muscle fibers from degeneration. Treated mdx mice (n=8; 14 days of age) received daily intraperitoneal injections of cromolyn at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight in saline, during 15 days. Cromolyn treatment started before the cycles of muscle degeneration-regeneration had started. Control non-treated mice (n=8 mdx) were injected with an equivalent amount of saline. For visualization of muscle fiber damage, treated (n=5) and nontreated mdx (n=5) mice were injected with Evans blue dye (EBD), a marker of sarcolemmal lesion. Cryostat cross-sections of the sternomastoid (STN) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were stained with HE. The whole cross-sectional area of the muscles was divided into a regenerated area, an area of inflammatory cell infiltration/regeneration and an area of regeneration. The number of regenerated muscle fibers (central nucleated fibers), fibers with peripheral cell nuclei and degenerated fibers (positive to EBD) was counted in the regenerated area. The areas of inflammatory cell infiltration/regeneration and of regeneration were expressed as a percentage of the total transverse graft area. Cromolyn lead to a significant decrease in myonecrosis and in the percentage of central nucleated fibers (p<0.05; Student’s t test). The number of fibers with peripheral nuclei increased in about 30% in the TA muscle. The area of inflammation-regeneration increased (p<0.05; Student’s t test) in the cromolyn treated group. These results show that cromolyn treatment before the cycles of muscle fiber degenerationregeneration started protects dystrophic muscle fiber from myonecrosis and promotes the earlier stages of muscle fiber regeneration.
Influence of stressing on gaseous decomposition products in insulating liquids

This paper deals with investigations on the gaseous decomposition products of insulating liquids: mineral oil, ester liquid, and silicone liquid. The investigations point out that the gaseous products depend on the kind of decomposition; as for example PD stressing or thermal decomposition. The mixture of the dissolved and undissolved gases does not differ significantly for the liquids used in the experiments. However a classification of the kind of decomposition by means of gas chromatographic analyses is possible. Best results regarding the reliability can be achieved by the interpretation methods of Dornenburg (1977). This method can be used for both the interpretations of dissolved and undissolved gases of mineral oil and, for the interpretations of decomposition gases of ester liquid and silicone liquid as well.
Activation cross sections for reactions induced by 14 MeV neutrons on natural tin and enriched 112Sn targets with reference to 111In production via radioisotope generator 112Sn(n, 2n)111Sn → 111In

Summary We measured activation cross sections via γ-ray spectroscopy using high-purity germanium detectors for 16 reactions induced by (14.4 ± 0.2) MeV neutrons on isotopes of tin. The cross sections are: Two 112Sn targets enriched to 62.5% and 84%, respectively, were used for these measurements in addition to the natural tin. The cross sections were compared with experimental data found in the literature, with published empirical formulae and with model calculations including also the pre-equilibrium contribution. For reactions which do not involve protons from below the closed Z = 50 shell, the agreement to the data is reasonable, it is somewhat weaker for the (n, p) reactions and still worse in the case of (n, α), where, however, the pre-equilibrium component is not described properly by the models included so far. The possibility of production of 111Sn → 111In generator system is considered.
Cadmium Uptake in PEA Plants Under Environmentally-Relevant Exposures: The Risk of Food-Chain Transfer

ABSTRACT The present work was designed to analyze cadmium (Cd) accumulation in Pisum sativum L. plants in a late stage of development, after an exposure to environmentally relevant Cd concentrations of 1, 3, and 30 μ mol L− 1 Cd. Cadmium exposure increased metal and thiol accumulation, not only in roots but also in the aerial organs of the plants. Nonetheless, except for the highest Cd exposure, plants did not show any evidence of Cd toxicity symptoms. Roots were found to be the main organs for Cd accumulation, but seeds also retained Cd, accumulating up to 2 μ g Cd g fw− 1. The parameters related to reproduction, such as anthesis and fruit development, were more sensitive to incipient degrees of stress than the biomass gain itself. When compared to previous works using hydroponic cultures, our results evidenced striking differences in Cd and thiol accumulation, suggesting the importance of using more realistic conditions in Cd-stress studies. The analysis of Cd retention in fruits demonstrated that, even at the lower exposure, Cd levels were higher than those allowed for human consumption, hence posing a serious risk of food-chain transfer and confirming the need for more studies on Cd accumulation in contaminated soils.
A New Bibenzyl Derivative from Dendrobium moniliforme

A new bibenzyl derivative, 3,4-dihydroxy-4(,5-dimethoxy bibenzyl, was isolated from a orchid Dendrobium moniliforme. The structure elucidation and 1H,13C NMR assignments were achieved by spectroscopic method.
Radiolabeling and biodistribution of monoclonal antibody (MAb) anti-CD20 with iodine-131

Radioactive isotopes of iodine, mainly iodine-131 have been broadly used in many monoclonal antibody radioiodination settings, employing different methods. In this study, using a Chloramine-T procedure, the influence of incubation time, CT mass, and Ab/activity ratio on the radiochemical yield of the anti-CD20 antibody labeled with iodine-131 was observed. Radiochemical yield was > 97 %, employing different Chloramine-T masses, independently of incubation time. Radiochemical purity was above 99 % after purification of the labeled compound. The relationship between Ab mass and radioactivity was tested and no difference was observed when 90.6 MBq (2.45mCi) of activity was incorporated in the Ab-mass range studied. Biodistribution study in normal Swiss mice showed higher uptake by the liver and intestines. Low thyroid uptake indicated a suitable in vivo stability. Slight blood uptake was considered a result of circulating radioactivity in normal organs and tissues. A favorable biological distribution of 131I-anti-CD20 suggests this radiopharmaceutical may be effectively used in the therapy of Non Hodgkin Lymphoma.
Universal Ti-rich termination of atomically flat SrTiO3 (001), (110), and (111) surfaces

We have studied the surface termination of atomically flat SrTiO3 surfaces treated by chemical etching and subsequent thermal annealing, for all commercially available orientations (001), (110), and (111). Atomic force microscopy confirms that our treatment processes produce unit cell steps with flat terrace structures. We have also determined the topmost atomic layer of SrTiO3 surfaces through time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. We found that all three orientations exhibit a Ti-rich surface. Our observation opens doors for interface engineering along the [110] and [111] directions in addition to a well known [100] case, which widens the range of functional heterostructures and interfaces.