Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The double meaning of a single act: influences of the perceiver and the perceived on cooperative behaviour

The present research examines how a single behaviour that is informative of both the morality and intelligence of a person influences impressions, degree of cooperative behaviour expected from that person, and degree of cooperative behaviour displayed toward that person in a mixed‐motive interdependence situation (i.e., a social dilemma). Furthermore, it is investigated how individual differences in social value orientation influence these processes. Participants were provided with behavioural information that could be construed in terms of both morality (high/low) and intelligence (high/low). Consistent with the morality‐importance hypothesis, participants assigned greater weight to morality than to intelligence aspects of the information. Congruent with the social value orientation hypothesis (i) only proselfs and not prosocials expected more cooperation from unintelligent than from intelligent others, and (ii) prosocials attended more strongly to morality aspects than proselfs in deciding on own cooperation. Finally, consistent with the relative benefit hypothesis, people overall expected more cooperation than they were willing to display, and this tendency was especially pronounced with others described by moral/unintelligent behaviour, and for people with a proself value orientation. The authors discuss a model describing influences of the perceiver and the perceived on cooperative behaviour. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intravarietal Agronomic Variability in Croatian Native Vitis vinifera L. Cultivar Grk with Female Flower and Seedless Berries

The Croatian native, Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grk, is one of only a few wine cultivars with a female flower, resulting in two types of berries in the cluster: fully developed seeded (~3.5 g) and undersized seedless (~0.7 g), both ripe at harvest. This study investigated the intravarietal variability of Grk and the impact of the different proportion of seedless berries on grape yield and quality of Grk clones. Significant differences in cluster proportions of seedless berries among Grk clone candidates were determined. A high positive correlation was found between the seedless berry proportion and single berry weight, must tartaric acid content, and free volatile terpenes. These results indicate that it is possible to select clones with a higher proportion of seedless berries, which can then be used to improve the wine quality of Grk.
Paper properties of TMP and CTMP handsheets from spruce, as affected by the solids content from pressing

This paper discusses how the properties of dry handsheets from two different mechanical pulps and one chemithermomechanical pulp and their respective long fibre fractions depend on the level of dryness to which the sheets are pressed at high temperature. Sheets were pressed and dried to different dryness levels at 400 kPa and 93 degrees C in a modified Rapid Kothen dryer. Prior to testing of the physical properties, the sheets were dried without pressure at, room temperature to full dryness and kept in a conditioning room. This was performed with the aim of evaluating the consolidation and development of final strength properties with respect to dryness after a press section in a paper machine.The most interesting finding from these trials was that the increase in density and strength were far from linear with increased press dryness, especially for the long fibre fractions when looking at the Z-strength development. There was a distinct inflection of the curve when the sheets reached a press dryness level of some 50%. The most important dryness interval for internal strength development was found between 50 and 80%. The fact that most paper and board machines press the sheet to only some 50% dryness, before feeding it into the drying section, implies that much of the inherent strength potential of mechanical pulps may be unexploited. Further research on pressing to higher dryness levels will in the future be continued at FSCN at Mid Sweden University.
62 Distinct nucleosome organization around p53 response elements associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

DNA is severely deformed in a tetrameric complex with the tumor suppressor protein p53, both in solution and in co-crystal structures. The DNA deformations occur not only at the CWWG motifs in the p53 half sites, but also in the central region of a full site, YYRR. As a result, the DNA fragment is bent in such a way that the p53 tetramer is located on the external side of the DNA loop. The overall shape of the p53-bound DNA (bending and sliding) resembles nucleosomal DNA, suggesting that p53 may recognize its cognate site embedded in the nucleosome. Recent studies established unambiguously that p53 is a nucleosome-binding protein. In particular, the p53 site in a nucleosome is accessible if it is bent in the direction similar to that found in the p53-DNA co-crystals; the site becomes inaccessible if the orientation is changed by ∼180° (see Figure). This implies that the rotational setting of a p53 site in nucleosomes is critical for its accessibility, which may have a direct impact on how p53 recognizes its target binding sites in the chromatin context. We illustrate the functional importance of this idea by comparing the p53 sites associated with cell cycle arrest (CCA-sites) and sites associated with apoptosis (Apo-sites), the two extreme cellular outcomes after the p53 activation. To elucidate the rotational setting of p53 sites in nucleosomal DNA, we developed a computational approach (Cui & Zhurkin, 2010) based on well-established DNA sequence patterns related to nucleosome positioning. Importantly, we found that the CCA-sites are oriented in such a way that they tend to be ‘open’ and ‘exposed’ on the nucleosomal surface. This result is corroborated by human nucleosomes mapped in high resolution (Gaffney et al., 2012). The nucleosome dyad positions are “out of phase” with the CCA-sites, separated by ∼10n + 5 bp from the site centers. In other words, the CCA-sites embedded in nucleosomes are accessible for direct p53 recognition, thereby facilitating p53 binding and subsequent gene induction. By contrast, our computations suggest that most of the Apo-sites have a different rotational setting from the CCA-sites, consistent with the high-resolution nucleosome mapping. That is, the Apo-sites in general are likely to be ‘closed’ in the chromatin context. This would hinder direct p53 binding to DNA, and require additional factors such as chromatin remodeling complexes to expose the Apo-sites, which may account for the ‘delayed’ kinetics of apoptotic genes in vivo.
Mathematical Model Reduction Principle Development

The new principle of removing elements of mathematical model based on its parametric identification is proposed in the paper. It allows reducing computational and time complexity of the applications built on the model. The computation complexity reducing is important for online data processing. Example of such system is medical decision support system. Also, IoT-based solutions can used the proposed approach. In addition, reducing complexity can increase the accuracy of mathematical models. Therefore, reducing the number of parameters is an important step in data preprocessing, which is used in almost all modern systems. Known methods of reducing the dimension depend on the problem area, which makes it impossible to use them in ensemble models. The proposed method for the reduction of mathematical models is used for the ordinary differential equations and on the neural network model.
Factors of values in the Dutch Language and their relationship to factors of personality

Following the psycholexical approach, several thousands of potential value descriptors were selected from the Dutch lexicon. This set was subsequently reduced according to criteria of relevance to a list of 641 values. The value list was administered to 634 participants (self‐ and other‐raters), who had to indicate the extent to which each value was a guiding principle in the life of the target. Principal component analyses were performed yielding eight factors of values. In addition, ratings were collected on markers of three other systems of values, including the one described by Schwartz (1992). Finally, A Big Five questionnaire, the FFPI, was administered. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to describe the relations between the different value systems, and between the Dutch value system and the Big Five factors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interacting with Features: Visual Inspection of Black-box Fault Type Classification Systems in Electrical Grids

Automatic fault type classiﬁcation is an important ingredient of smart electrical grids. Similar to other machine-learning models, methods developed for fault classiﬁcation suﬀer from the issue of lack of transparency . This work sheds light on preliminary insights of an ongoing study, in which we show how feature importance measurement and feature interaction visualization using partial dependence plots (PDPs) can help interpretability of the classiﬁcation outcomes. While the former, measures the role of each feature on the ﬁnal predictions in isolation, the latter focuses on mutual interaction between pairs of features. We show the merits of these two complementary feature analysis mechanisms in facilitating interpretability of the fault type classiﬁcation task.
Tillage effects on soil aggregation and soil organic carbon profile distribution under Mediterranean semi‐arid conditions

In rainfed semi‐arid agroecosystems, soil organic carbon (SOC) may increase with the adoption of alternative tillage systems (e.g. no‐tillage, NT). This study evaluated the effect of two tillage systems (conventional tillage, CT vs. NT) on total SOC content, SOC concentration, water stable aggregate‐size distribution and aggregate carbon concentration from 0 to 40 cm soil depth. Three tillage experiments were chosen, all located in northeast Spain and using contrasting tillage types but with different lengths of time since their establishment (20, 17, and 1‐yr). In the two fields with mouldboard ploughing as CT, NT sequestered more SOC in the 0–5 cm layer compared with CT. However, despite there being no significant differences, SOC tended to accumulate under CT compared with NT in the 20–30 and 30–40 cm depths in the AG‐17 field with 25–50% higher SOC content in CT compared with NT. Greater amounts of large and small macroaggregates under NT compared with CT were measured at 0–5 cm depth in AG‐17 and at 5–10 cm in both AG‐1 and AG‐17. Differences in macroaggregate C concentration between tillage treatments were only found in the AG‐17 field at the soil surface with 19.5 and 11.6 g C/kg macroaggregates in NT and CT, respectively. After 17 yr of experiment, CT with mouldboard ploughing resulted in a greater total SOC concentration and macroaggregate C concentration below 20 cm depth, but similar macroaggregate content compared with NT. This study emphasizes the need for adopting whole‐soil profile approaches when studying the suitability of NT versus CT for SOC sequestration and CO2 offsetting.
COVID-19 public health measures: a reduction in hospital admissions for COPD exacerbations

Hospitalisations for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) carry significant morbidity and mortality. Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) are the most common cause of AECOPD and are associated with worse clinical outcomes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health measures, such as social distancing and universal masking, were originally implemented to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2; these public health measures were subsequently also observed to reduce transmission of other common circulating RVIs. In this study, we report a significant and sustained decrease in hospital admissions for all AECOPD as well as RVI-associated AECOPD, which coincided with the introduction of public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Corrosion behaviour of highly alloyed stainless steels in mixed chloride and fluoride aqueous solutions

Laboratory weight loss and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization corrosion tests were performed on two types of corrosion resistant alloys, a duplex alloy (ferritic‐austenitic stainless steel) and two austenitic stainless steels, in mixtures of chloride (3000, 9000 and 15000 ppm) and fluoride (4800 and 15000 ppm) ions at pH 3. Two temperatures were tested, 60 and 70°C. The electrochemical results indicate that the duplex stainless steel presents high corrosion resistance. Weight loss results show low corrosion rates of the two types of stainless steels after 60 days exposure. Sonic pits‐crevices were found under the corrosion crust deposits on the duplex stainless steel.
Novel Antioxidant Therapy with the Immediate Precursor to Glutathione, γ-Glutamylcysteine (GGC), Ameliorates LPS-Induced Cellular Stress in In Vitro 3D-Differentiated Airway Model from Primary Cystic Fibrosis Human Bronchial Cells

Systemic glutathione deficiency, inflammation, and oxidative stress are hallmarks of cystic fibrosis (CF), an inherited disease that causes persistent lung infections and severe damage to the respiratory system and many of the body organs. Improvements to current antioxidant therapeutic strategies are needed. The dietary supplement, γ-glutamylcysteine (GGC), which is the immediate precursor to glutathione, rapidly boosts cellular glutathione levels following a single dose in healthy individuals. Efficacy of GGC against oxidative stress induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is a common and chronic pathogen infecting lungs of CF patients, remains unassessed. Primary mucocilliary differentiated airway (bronchial and/or nasal) epithelial cells were created from four individuals with CF. Airway oxidative stress and inflammation was induced by P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Parameters including global proteomics alterations, cell redox state (glutathione, oxidative stress), pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-8, IDO-1), and cellular health (membrane integrity, stress granule formation, cell metabolic viability) were assayed under six experimental conditions: (1) Mock, (2) LPS-challenged (3) therapeutic, (4) prophylactic (5) therapeutic and prophylactic and (6) GGC alone. Proteomic analysis identified perturbation of several pathways related to cellular respiration and stress responses upon LPS challenge. Most of these were resolved when cells were treated with GGC. While GGC did not resolve LPS-induced IL-8 and IDO-1 activity, it effectively attenuated LPS-induced oxidative stress and stress granule formation, while significantly increasing total intracellular glutathione levels, metabolic viability and improving epithelial cell barrier integrity. Both therapeutic and prophylactic treatments were successful. Together, these findings indicate that GGC has therapeutic potential for treatment and prevention of oxidative stress-related damage to airways in cystic fibrosis.
The Local Inflammatory Profile and Predictors of Treatment Success in Subarachnoid Neurocysticercosis.

BACKGROUND Subarachnoid neurocysticercosis (SANCC) represents the most severe and difficult to treat form of neurocysticercosis. The inflammatory response contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality of the disease. This study sought to understand the nature and evolution of the inflammation associated with SANCC, and evaluate for predictors of time to cure. METHODS There were 16 subjects with SANCC (basilar cistern, sylvian fissure, and/or spinal involvement) during active infection who had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine and chemokine profiling, of whom 9 had a second CSF sample at (or following) the time of cure. The relationships between clinical parameters and cytokine/chemokine results were assessed. RESULTS Compared to pools of healthy donor CSF, those with active SANCC showed a significant (P < .05) increase in chemokines and cytokines associated with Type 1 immunity (interferon [IFN] γ, interleukin [IL] 12p70, C-X-C Motif Ligand 10 CXCL-10); Type 2 immunity (IL-10, IL-13); IFNα2; and the chemokines Macrophage inflammatory protein MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1ß/CCL4, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF that appears to be locally (central nervous system [CNS]) produced. Compared to those with active disease, those with CSF taken at the time of cure showed a significant decrease in most of these chemokines and cytokines. Despite this, CSF from cured SANCC patients had levels of IL-10 (P = .039), CXCL-10 (P = .039), and IL-12p70 (P = .044) above those seen in CSF from uninfected subjects. High ratios of IL-12p70/IL-10 early in infections were associated with a shorter time to cure (r = -0.559; P = .027), and a high Taenia solium burden (by quantitative polymerase chain reaction) was associated with longer times to cure (r = 0.84; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS SANCC is associated with a marked, CNS-localized cytokine-/chemokine-driven inflammatory response that largely decreases with curative therapy, though some analytes persisted above the normal range. The relative balance between proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines may be an important determinant for a cure in SANCC.
Characterization of Basosquamous Cell Carcinoma: A Distinct Type of Keratinizing Tumour

Basosquamous carcinoma is a rare clinical entity, which comprises 1.7–2.7% of all skin carcinomas. It is described as a basal cell carcinoma with features of squamous differentiation. To date, studies of the epidemiology of basosquamous carcinoma have been few and small in size. We report here the most extensive series of basosquamous carcinomas published to date, highlighting the differences between basosquamous carcinoma and other keratinizing tumours. Patients undergoing surgical excision for keratinizing tumours were enrolled in this study. Age, sex and tumour characteristics were recorded. A total of 1,519 squamous cell carcinomas, 288 basosquamous carcinomas and 4,235 basal cell carcinomas were collected. Basosquamous features were compared with those of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. For basosquamous carcinomas, 70.5% were located on the head and neck, particularly on the nose, forehead and cheeks, and represented almost 10% of the keratinizing tumours on the ears. Significant differences were found between basosquamous carcinoma and basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas. Basosquamous carcinoma should be considered a distinct type of keratinizing tumour with different anatomical, sex and age distributions.
NO Synthesis Markers Are Not Significantly Associated with Blood Pressure and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Arterial Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis markers, comprising L-homoarginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), are significantly associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. Being involved in NO pathways, they may be of high importance regulating vascular tone and arterial hypertension, but data on this topic are sparse and controversial. In this study, we evaluated whether these NO synthesis markers are associated with blood pressure values and pulse wave velocity (PWV). This analysis was based on the data of the Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial, which included adults with arterial hypertension. We analyzed correlations of NO synthesis markers with 24 h ambulatory blood pressure values and PWV (primary outcomes), as well as with anthropometric and laboratory data. A total of 509 patients were included in the present analysis. The mean age was 61.2 ± 10.5 years, mean PWV was 8.6 ± 2.4 m/s, mean 24 h systolic blood pressure was 127.5 ± 13.8 mmHg and mean 24 h diastolic blood pressure was 76.4 ± 9.5 mmHg. In bivariate analyses, there was a significant positive correlation between homoarginine and 24 h diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.1; p = 0.02), which was revealed to be no longer significant after adjustment for age, gender and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in multivariate regression analysis. No other significant correlations of any NO synthesis markers with blood pressure or PWV were observed. In line with previous studies, there were inverse associations between homoarginine and age and between ADMA or SDMA and GFR (p < 0.05 for all). This study did not reveal a significant association between homoarginine, ADMA or SDMA and blood pressure or PWV in hypertensive adults. These results suggested that the associations of these parameters with adverse outcome may not be mediated by hypertension and/or endothelial dysfunction.
Human CTC1 promotes TopBP1 stability and CHK1 phosphorylation in response to telomere dysfunction and global replication stress

ABSTRACT CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) is a heterotrimeric, RPA-like complex that binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and functions in the replication of telomeric and non-telomeric DNA. Previous studies demonstrated that deletion of CTC1 results in decreased cell proliferation and telomere DNA damage signaling. However, a detailed analysis of the consequences of conditional CTC1 knockout (KO) has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of CTC1 KO on cell cycle progression, genome-wide replication and activation of the DNA damage response. Consistent with previous findings, we demonstrate that CTC1 KO results in decreased cell proliferation, G2 arrest and RPA-bound telomeric ssDNA. However, despite the increased levels of telomeric RPA-ssDNA, global ATR-dependent CHK1 and p53 phosphorylation was not detected in CTC1 KO cells. Nevertheless, we show that RPA-ssDNA does activate ATR, leading to the phosphorylation of RPA and autophosphorylation of ATR. Further analysis determined that inactivation of ATR, but not CHK1 or ATM, suppressed the accumulation of G2 arrested cells and phosphorylated RPA following CTC1 removal. These results suggest that ATR is localized and active at telomeres but is unable to elicit a global checkpoint response through CHK1. Furthermore, CTC1 KO inhibited CHK1 phosphorylation following hydroxyurea-induced replication stress. Additional studies revealed that this suppression of CHK1 phosphorylation, following replication stress, is caused by decreased levels of the ATR activator TopBP1. Overall, our results identify CST as a novel regulator of the ATR-CHK1 pathway.
Clean bioprinting - Fabrication of 3D organ models devoid of animal components.

Bioprinting is a rapidly developing technology that enables the exact positioning of living cells embedded in biomaterials in precise spatial arrangements to fabricate engineered tissues and organs. While the ultimate goal of bioprinting approaches is to produce organs for transplantation purposes, bioprinted organ models also hold great potential for research purposes to serve as alternatives to animal experiments. By using human cells, humanized organ models can be generated that may produce more relevant results for human (patho-)physiology than animal models. However, standard bioprinting procedures currently use numerous hidden animal components. Virtually all studies published in the field to date make use of cells grown in media with fetal bovine serum (FBS). In addition, Matrigel, the extracellular matrix (ECM) harvested from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm sarcoma grown in mice, is widely employed to cultivate stem cells and 3D organ models. Finally, most bioinks currently in use contain gelatin or comparable animal components to improve cell viability and adhesion. The present review will give an introduction to the potential of bioprinting to fabricate 3D models that may be substituted for animal experiments and will go on to describe strategies to replace animal components currently included in standard procedures of bioprinting. These approaches comprise the adaptation of cells to FBS-free media, the use of bioinks composed of synthetic or plant material, and the replacement of animal ingredients by materials of human origin. We propose denoting bioprinting strategies devoid of animal components as clean bioprinting.