Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photoionization and electron impact excitation cross sections for Fe I

Context. Iron is a major contributor to the opacity in the atmospheres of late-type stars, as well as a major contributor to the observed lines in their visible spectrum. Iron lines are commonly used to derive basic stellar parameters from medium/high resolution spectroscopy, that is, spectroscopy which shows metal content, effective temperature, and surface gravity. Aims. Here we present large R-matrix calculations for photoionization cross sections and electron impact collision strengths. Methods. The photoionization calculations included 35 configurations and 134 LS close coupling terms of the target ion. The eigenfunction expansion accounts for the photoionization of the outer nl subshells, with n ≥ 4, as well as the open inner 3d subshell. Our results include total and partial (term-to-term) photoionization cross sections for 936 energy terms of iron with principal quantum number ≤10, and total angular momentum from zero to seven. Our electron impact collision strengths include the lowest 46 LS terms of the atom. Results. The present photoionization cross sections should be considerably more accurate than those currently available in the literature. On the other hand, the electron impact cross sections, which are being reported for the first time, are needed in non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) modeling of the solar spectrum and late-type stars in general.
Settling and collision between small ice crystals in turbulent flows

Ice crystals are present in a variety of clouds, at suﬃciently low temperature. We consider here mixed-phase clouds which, at temperature & − 20 ◦ C , contain ice crystals, shaped approximately as thin oblate ellipsoids. We investigate the motion of these particles transported by an isotropic turbulent ﬂow, and in particular, the collision between these crystals, a key process in the formation of graupels. Using fully-resolved direct numerical simulations, and neglecting the eﬀects of ﬂuid inertia on the particle motion, we determine the inﬂuence of the turbulence intensity and of gravitational settling, in a realistic range of parameters. At small Reynolds numbers, collisions are induced mainly by diﬀerential gravitational settling between particles with diﬀerent orientations. The eﬀect has a clear signature on the relative orientation of colliding ellipsoids. As the Reynolds number increases, however, the inﬂuence of the turbulent velocity ﬂuctuations becomes the dominant eﬀect determining the collision rate. Using simple estimates, we propose an elementary understanding of the relative importance of gravitational settling and turbulent ﬂuctuations.
The interaction of two asymmetric quasi-geostrophic vortex patches

ABSTRACT Herein we study the general interaction of two vortex patches in a single-layer quasi-geostrophic shallow-water flow. Steadily-rotating equilibrium states are found over a wide parameter space spanning the Rossby deformation length, vortex area ratio, potential vorticity ratio, and gap between their innermost edges. A linear stability analysis is then used to identify the critical gap separating stable and unstable solutions, over the entire range of area and potential vorticity ratios, and for selected values of the Rossby deformation length. A representative set of marginally unstable equilibrium states are then slightly perturbed and evolved by an accurate contour dynamics numerical algorithm to understand the long-term fate of the instabilities. Not all instabilities lead to vortex merger; many in fact are characterised by weak filamentation and a small adjustment of the vortex shapes, without merger. Stronger instabilities lead to material being torn from one vortex and either wrapped around the other or reduced to ever thinning filamentary debris. A portion of the vortex may survive, or it may be completely strained out by the other.
Broadband absorption enhancement in organic solar cells using refractory plasmonic ceramics

Abstract. We theoretically demonstrate absorption enhancement in organic solar cells (OSC) due to the incorporation of titanium nitride and zirconium nitride plasmonic nanostructures. Localizing light using plasmonic nanostructures has the potential to overcome the absorption limitations of OSC and improve their power conversion efficiency. Thus, using C-MOS compatible, cheap, and abundant materials, such as refractory plasmonics, for light trapping could facilitate their commercialization. This work shows that transition metal nitrides have comparable performance to Ag when placed as the nanopatterned back electrode. In addition, the effect of adding TiN nanoparticles and nanowires inside the active layer has been analyzed.
The Fluid Dynamic Basis for Actuator Disc and Rotor Theories

The first rotor performance predictions were published by Joukowsky exactly 100 years ago. Although a century of research has expanded the knowledge of rotor aerodynamics enormously, and modern computer power and measurement techniques now enable detailed analyses that were previously out of reach, the concepts proposed by Froude, Betz, Joukowsky and Glauert for modelling a rotor in performance calculations are still in use today, albeit with modifications and expansions. This book is the result of the author's curiosity as to whether a return to these models with a combination of mathematics, dedicated computations and wind tunnel experiments could yield more physical insight and answer some of the old questions still waiting to be resolved. Although most of the work included here has been published previously, the book connects the various topics, linking them in a coherent storyline. This book will be of interest to those working in all branches of rotor aerodynamics – wind turbines, propellers, ship screws and helicopter rotors. It has been written for proficient students and researchers, and reading it will demand a good knowledge of inviscid (fluid) mechanics.
General Pairwise Modification Framework for Reversible Data Hiding in JPEG Images

Pairwise modification is one of the most effective ways to solve the critical issues of balancing the embedding capacity, image distortion, and file expansion in JPEG reversible data hiding (RDH). To design a satisfactory scheme based on pairwise modification, existing schemes focus on improving pairing rules, two-dimensional (2D) mappings, or ordering strategies separately while neglecting the connections between them. As a result, once pairing rules are changed, the correlative 2D mapping and ordering strategies are no longer available. To address such issues, this study proposes a framework that automatically generates optimal 2D mappings and efficient ordering strategies only by carefully initializing pairing rules. To construct optimal 2D mappings, a 2D mapping mathematical model is built to form a feasible 2D mapping solution space, in which optimal solutions are found, to assign efficient mappings for pairs with high probability. To design efficient ordering strategies, all frequencies are ranked according to an embedding evaluation model to determine more suitable ACs for data embedding. To initialize better pairing rules, this study selects nonzero ACs within ±2 for interblock pairing to form a more centralized pairwise histogram. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme introduces minor file expansion and obtains better visual quality than existing JPEG RDH schemes when the payload is the same as.
Side-by-Side OCE-Study of Elasticity and SHG-Characterization of Collagen Fibers in Breast Cancer Tissue before and after Chemotherapy

In the recent years promising results have been shown by the use of Compression optical coherence elastography (C-OCE) as a new optical biopsy approach to morphological assessment/diagnostics of human breast cancer using differences in elastic properties of morphological components of cancerous tissues. In this study, for the first time, a relationship was established between microstructural organization and biomechanical properties of breast-cancer tissue with pathomorphological changes caused by chemotherapy. To characterize texture of collagen fibers in the microenvironment of breast cancer, high-resolution visualization by Second-harmonic
Does Financial Development Alleviate Poverty? Empirical Evidence from Indonesia

This study examines the contribution of financial development to poverty reduction in Indonesia using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to the cointegration framework. It also employs annual data of several financial development measures such as domestic credit, broad money, and financial development indexes from 1986 to 2018. Our findings suggest that financial development and poverty reduction have a cointegration relationship, regardless of the financial development indicators used. Furthermore, we find that domestic credit, broad money, financial institution depth, financial market depth, financial market access, and financial market efficiency reduced poverty. It suggests that financial development reduced poverty through its indirect channel, i.e., the economic growth effect.
Examining the Decision of Radiographers in the Selection of Computed Tomography Scan Radiation Doses

: Medical radiation is a controllable source and should be applied on individualized basis to determine whether each patient fits the appropriate criteria for the diagnostic procedure. Appropriate justification of requested CT examinations should ensure that benefits outweigh the risk. CT scan protocols and radiation doses vary greatly across countries and are primarily attributable to local choices regarding technical parameters, rather than the patient, institution, or machine characteristics. These variations call for optimization of doses to consistent standards. This was a mixed methods study, with quantitative and qualitative approaches, undertaken in Uganda. This study involved radiographers scoring the effects of various CT best-practices on dose selection using a Likert scale. The qualitative component explored factors influencing CT scan technical parameter selection, the barriers, and facilitators to best practices to CT radiation protection. The male to female ratio was 3.5: 1 and the average age was 30 years with a range of 21 – 40 years. The respondents either agreed or strongly agreed that Diagnostic Reference Levels were important in dose selection. Key factors influencing the selection of CT scan doses included CT scan machine, examination time, age and body size. Key barriers to best practices were the type or level of health facility, radiographer, and government level related and the facilitators to best practices also included type or level health facility, radiographer and regulator related. Based on the findings, Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs), the make, model and year of manufacture of the CT equipment were important in dose selection. Radiographers had limited training on DRLs, and majority were concerned about the lack of these DRLs. Regular training will be designed and implemented for the radiographers through the professional bodies and the regulator to educate the radiographers about CT radiation scan dose selection to optimize patient radiation dose and image quality.
Light impurity transport in JET ILW L-mode plasmas

A series of experimental observations of light impurity profiles was carried out in JET (Joint European Torus) ITER-like wall (ILW) L-mode plasmas in order to investigate their transport mechanisms. These discharges feature the presence of 3He, Be, C, N, Ne, whose profiles measured by active Charge Exchange diagnostics are compared with quasi-linear and non-linear gyro-kinetic simulations. The peaking of 3He density follows the electron density peaking, Be and Ne are also peaked, while the density profiles of C and N are flat in the mid plasma region. Gyro-kinetic simulations predict peaked density profiles for all the light impurities studied and at all the radial positions considered, and fail predicting the flat or hollow profiles observed for C and N at mid radius in our cases.
“The relationship changed because I had changed”: Experiences and perceptions of friendships between women treated for substance use disorder in women-only residential programs

Historically, the notion of friendships between women has been replete with negative myths and perceptions. However, studies show that friendships between women contribute to their wellbeing as a source of support and empowerment. Social support is known to be a key factor during recovery from a substance use disorder (SUD). Previous studies have examined a variety of relationships, but less attention has been paid to friendships between women with SUD. This qualitative study examined the perceptions and experiences of friendship of 14 women who recovered from a SUD and were treated in women-only residential treatment programs (RTP) in Israel. Content analysis revealed four categories that paralleled their linear life-course from childhood to adulthood: social rejection and the longing for connection and acceptance, interest-based versus non-interest-based friendships, being distant versus becoming close, and friendships with “normative” women versus friendships with “clean addicts. ” Each category is situated on a conceptual axis representing the tension between trust and mistrust, the unifying theme. These findings are best understood within the framework of relational cultural theory (RCT), which emphasizes the importance of relationships in people's lives. Therapists should consider the positive impact of friendships between women, as a theme during the therapy process.
A Direct Numerical Simulation study of a turbulent lifted flame in hot oxidizer

This paper presents a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) study of the stabilisation of a turbulent lifted flame in hot oxidizer, a problem of practical significance in diesel engines, gas turbines, and recirculating industrial burners. A slot jet of fuel issuing into a hot co-flow oxidizer stream is simulated using a single-step chemistry model and assuming unity Lewis number. A jet Reynolds number of 5,300 was enabled by the use of scalable high-order numerical methods and highly parallel computation. The basic structure of the flame is described noting features of the flame base and trailing premixed and diffusion flames. The flame base is studied to determine whether the stabilisation is due auto-ignition, premixed flame propagation, or another mechanism. The flame index (FI) is used to distinguish non-premixed flames from premixed flames close to the flame base. The time evolution of temperature, reaction rate and scalar dissipation rate along with iso-lines of appropriate temperature and most reactive mixture fraction are analysed to identify the flame base. It is concluded that the flame base exists on the outer boundary of the jet and consists of mainly non-premixed flames followed by a vigorous trailing rich premixed flame region inside the jet.
Review article: A European perspective on wind and storm damage – from the meteorological background to index-based approaches to assess impacts

Abstract. Wind and windstorms cause severe damage to natural and human-made environments. Thus, wind-related risk assessment is vital for the preparation and mitigation of calamities. However, the cascade of events leading to damage depends on many factors that are environment-specific and the available methods to address wind-related damage often require sophisticated analysis and specialization. Fortunately, simple indices and thresholds are as effective as complex mechanistic models for many applications. Nonetheless, the multitude of indices and thresholds available requires a careful selection process according to the target sector. Here, we first provide a basic background on wind and storm formation and characteristics, followed by a comprehensive collection of both indices and thresholds that can be used to predict the occurrence and magnitude of wind and storm damage. We focused on five key sectors: forests, urban areas, transport, agriculture and wind-based energy production. For each sector we described indices and thresholds relating to physical properties such as topography and land cover but also to economic aspects (e.g. disruptions in transportation or energy production). In the face of increased climatic variability, the promotion of more effective analysis of wind and storm damage could reduce the impact on society and the environment.
The Effect of Work Motivation, Compensation on Performance Employees at The Village Service

Factors that influence the achievement of performance are factors of work motivation and compensation. Motivation is formed from an employee's attitude in dealing with work situations. Motivation is a condition that drives self-directed employees to achieve organizational goals. A mental attitude encourages employees to achieve maximum work performance, so they can achieve maximum performance if they have high work motivation. The research objective was to determine the effect of work motivation on employee performance and compensation on employee performance in the Cisaranten Bina Harapan sub-district. The sampling technique uses saturated sampling, where all population members are used as samples. The sample used is 36 respondents. The data collection method was carried out by distributing questionnaires and data analysis using SPSS. This study shows that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, and compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance in Cisaranten Bina Harapan village.
Solving Weakly-Convex-Weakly-Concave Saddle-Point Problems as Weakly-Monotone Variational Inequality

In this paper, we consider first-order algorithms for solving a class of non-convex non-concave min-max saddle-point problems, whose objective function is weakly convex (resp. weakly concave) in terms of the variable of minimization (resp. maximization). It has many important applications in machine learning, statistics, and operations research. One such example that attracts tremendous attention recently in machine learning is training Generative Adversarial Networks. We propose an algorithmic framework motivated by the proximal point method, which solve a sequence of strongly monotone variational inequalities constructed by adding a strongly monotone mapping to the original mapping with a periodically updated proximal center. By approximately solving each strongly monotone variational inequality, we prove that the solution obtained by the algorithm converges to a stationary solution of the original min-max problem. Iteration complexities are established for using different algorithms to solve the subproblems, including subgradient method, extragradient method and stochastic subgradient method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that establishes the non-asymptotic convergence to a stationary point of a non-convex non-concave min-max problem.
From pause to word: uh, um and er in written American English

This article describes and discusses the appearance and increasing frequency of uh, um and er in American English journalistic prose from the 1960s to the early 2000s as part of the colloquialization of the language. The three variants uh, um and er are shown to have different uses in writing than in speech; in writing they can be shown to qualify as words, while their status in speech appears to be on a cline of wordhood. In writing, they belong to the class of stance adverbs, serving metalinguistic purposes. Two types are distinguished, depending on sentence placement: in initial position, uh, um and er are attitude adverbs and in medial position, they are style adverbs. Although er is dispreferred in initial position and preferred for correction of previously used words, every variant can be used for all discourse-pragmatic functions, which supports classifying them as one lexeme.
Job Control and Its Impacts on Burnout in Academic Instruction Librarians

Abstract Librarians have been grappling with the issue of burnout for decades, at least. This study uses the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Job Control Inventory to show how job control impacts burnout. Using the CBI, academic instruction librarians, on average, have high work-related burnout and even higher personal burnout compared to other jobs. However, librarians have low client-related burnout, similar to other “caring” or “helping” professions. The findings point to key factors that impact job control and burnout to help consider ways of mitigating burnout and increasing job control.
Topological waves and odd viscosity in chiral active fluids and plasmas

Two-dimensional fluids with broken chiral and time-reversal symmetries can concurrently exhibit two exotic phenomena in their linear response: topologically protected density waves and an anomalous transport coefficient called odd viscosity. We explore the interplay between these phenomena in the acoustic spectrum of a minimal model that describes two types of two-dimensional classical fluids: a magnetized one-component plasma with screened interactions and a chiral active fluid. We show that for large odd viscosity, this transverse response coefficient can be measured via the penetration depth and profile shape of the topologically robust edge waves. We then discuss the relevant regimes for the observation of such edge waves within experimentally realizable plasmas and in synthetic chiral active fluids in which activity and rotation mimic the effects of temperature and magnetic field, respectively.
Electronic quantum optics

The last ten years saw tremendous progress in nanofabrication techniques. These progresses allowed the realization of experimental protocols aiming at the manipulation of single electrons in nanostructures. Thus, the advent of these technologies permit to envision the realization of electronic analogues of quantum optics experiments. This thesis is devoted to the theoretical study of quantum optics with electrons propagating in quantum Hall edge channels, in analogy with Glauber's theory for the quantum coherence of the electromagnetic field. The proposed formalism underlines the analogies and differences between photons propagating in the vacuum and electrons in ballistic conductors. In particular, it takes into account the decoherence and relaxation of electronic excitations under the influence of a linear electromagnetic environment. All along this thesis, efforts have been made to propose protocols aiming at accessing experimental quantities related to the coherence properties described by the electron quantum optics formalism. A particular example is a single electron quantum tomography protocol which reconstructs the single particle coherence from current noise measurements. This protocol can also be envisioned to probe decoherence mechanisms.
UNDERSTANDING THE COLLETION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ZAKAT DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This research is expected to be able to provide a good understanding of the behavior of zakat collection from the public and how zakat institutions distribute the zakat. This study uses a quantitative method using panel data and samples from five zakat institutions in Indonesia, such as the National Zakat Agency (Baznas), Rumah Zakat, Rumah Yatim, Dompet Dhuafa, and Inisiatif Zakat Indonesia. Furthermore, the ZIS collection and distribution data that will be analyzed is annual data for the period 2018 to 2021. The results of this study show that the performance of ZIS collection has continued to show a positive trend during covid-19 pandemic, which indicates that ZIS receipts from muzakki are not affected by economic conditions. However, there have been a number of changes of ZIS distribution because it need to prioritize asnaf of fakir, misin, and fisabilillah in order to recover economic conditions due to Covid-19.