Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to Enhance the Role of Science in European Union Policy Making and Implementation: The Case of Agricultural Impacts on Drinking Water Quality

Throughout the European Union (EU), high concentrations of nitrates and pesticides are among the major polluting components of drinking water and have potential long-term impacts on the environment and human health. Many research projects co-funded by the European Commission have been carried out, but the results often do not influence policy making and implementation to the extent that is duly justified. This paper assesses several issues and barriers that weaken the role of science in EU policy making and EU policy implementation in the case of agricultural impacts on drinking water quality. It then proposes improvements and solutions to strengthen the role of science in this process. The analysis is conceptual but supported empirically by a desk study, a workshop, and complementary individual interviews, mostly with representatives of organizations working at the EU level. The results indicate that perceived barriers are mostly observed on the national or regional level and are connected with a lack of political will, scarce instruction on the legislation implementation process, and a lack of funding opportunities for science to be included in policy making and further EU policy implementation. In response to that, we suggest translating scientific knowledge on technological, practical or environmental changes and using dissemination techniques for specific audiences and in local languages. Further, the relationship between data, information and decision making needs to change by implementing monitoring in real-time, which will allow for the quick adaptation of strategies. In addition, we suggest project clustering (science, policy, stakeholders, and citizens) to make science and research more connected to current policy challenges and stakeholder needs along with citizen involvement with an aim of establishing sustainable long-term relationships and communication flows.
2 Enterprise-wide IS Initiatives 2 . 1 Related Work and Motivation

Over the last decades, information systems (IS) have become pervasive in and inextricably intertwined with organizations. Further, the dialectical interaction between IS and organizations is perceived as one of the major stimuli of organizational strategic moves and transformation. Notwithstanding a plethora of IS artifact-centric discussions in the extant literature, there is a need for an overarching conceptualization that goes beyond specific IS artifacts and simultaneously accounts for a fusion between IS and organizations, which we denominated as enterprise-wide IS initiatives. To afford a paradigm shift towards an enterprise-wide investigation of such a phenomenon, this study opts for a stakeholder perspective and proposes complementary theoretical lenses to conceive the given phenomenon as a stakeholder management endeavor. To assist analyses of this phenomenon, this study also sheds light on the necessity of its investigation in multiple levels of analysis and in different periods of time. This phenomenon is hence further characterized as an emergent, ongoing endeavor. Building on both stakeholder management and emergent analyses, this study proposes a theoretical foundation to guide prospective theorizations on enterprise-wide IS initiatives and discusses its implications.
Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in mastitic cases from Namakkal District

© Abstract: Milk samples (n= 241) were collected from clinical and subclinical mastitic cows which were brought to teaching veterinary clinical complex (TVCC), Veterinary College and Research Institute (VC&RI), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu and subjected to isolation on mannitol salt agar, Gram’s staining and confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus at cow level was 61.5 and 57.4 per cent in clinical and subclinical cases, respectively, and at quarter level was 58.8 and 57.4 per cent in the clinical and subclinical cases, respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern revealed a high sensitivity to enrofloxacin (100.0%) and a high resistance to methicillin (100.0%) by S. aureus isolates, and multidrug resistance by S. aureus isolates was also
Risk Factors for Software Requirements Change Implementation

Requirements change has been regarded as a substantial risk in software development projects. The factors that contribute to the risk are identified through impact analysis, which later determine the planning of the change implementation. The analysis is however not straightforward as the risk factors that constitute requirements change implementation is currently not much explored. This paper identifies the risk factors by firstly collating them qualitatively through a review of related work and a focus group study. The factors are then confirmed quantitatively through a survey in which data is analysed by using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The survey comprise of 276 practitioners from software industry who are involved in the impact analysis. The results indicate that User, Project Team, Top Management, Third Party, Organisation, Identification of Change, Existing Product and Planning of Change Implementation are the significant risk factors in planning of requirements change implementation.
Sand Mineralogy Within the Bagnold Dunes, Gale Crater, as Observed In Situ and From Orbit

Curiosity investigated active eolian sands near linear dunes during Phase 2 of the Bagnold Dunes campaign in Gale crater, Mars. Ogunquit Beach, a sample scooped from a large‐ripple trough within the Mount Desert Island ripple field and delivered to the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) X‐ray diffraction instrument, is dominated by basaltic igneous minerals and X‐ray amorphous materials. CheMin mineralogy of the Gobabeb sample acquired at a large‐ripple crest on the Namib barchan dune during Phase 1 is similar to Ogunquit Beach. Ogunquit Beach, however, contains more plagioclase and Gobabeb contains more olivine. Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM)‐based estimates of mineralogy at the optical surface of Namib Dune and Mount Desert Island demonstrate that surface sands are enriched in olivine and depleted in plagioclase over Mount Desert Island relative to Namib Dune. Differences between CheMin‐derived and CRISM‐derived mineralogies suggest sorting by grain size on bedform to dune field scales. Crystal chemistry from CheMin suggests contributions from multiple igneous sources and the local bedrock.
The Carcinogenic Effects of Formaldehyde Occupational Exposure: A Systematic Review

Simple Summary Formaldehyde is a chemical compound present in many working activities and indoor workplaces. Occupational exposure occurs primarily by inhaling airborne formaldehyde, but it can also be absorbed through the skin or ingested. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified formaldehyde as a Group 1 carcinogen for humans in 2004, based on toxicological data and epidemiological evidence obtained in workplaces, all published before that year. Over the last two decades, many new studies in this field have been published, providing updated findings. The aim of the present systematic review was to synthetize the results of epidemiological studies in occupational settings carried out in the last 20 years and to evaluate whether the IARC classification was confirmed by further studies. Our results show that the evidence of correlation between formaldehyde occupational exposure and the occurrence of cancer is limited. Abstract Background: Formaldehyde, classified as a carcinogen in 2004, as of today is widely used in many work activities. From its classification, further studies were performed to evaluate its carcinogenicity. The aim of the systematic review is to update the evidence on occupational exposure to formaldehyde and cancer onset. Methods: The review, in accordance with the PRISMA statement, includes articles in English reporting original results of studies conducted on workers exposed to formaldehyde, considering all types of cancer, published from 1 January 2000 to 30 July 2021 and selected from the Pubmed and Scopus databases. The studies’ quality was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: A total of 21 articles were included, conducted in different European, American, and Asian countries. The most investigated occupational areas are those characterized by a deliberate use of formaldehyde. Some studies evaluated all types of cancer, whereas others focused on specific sites such as thyroid and respiratory, lymphohematopoietic, or central nervous systems. The results showed weak associations with lung cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, leukemia, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the need for further original studies carried out on representative samples of workers exposed to measured levels of FA. These studies should be designed to reduce the bias due to co-exposure to other carcinogens.
Elimination of Amoxicillin from Hospital
Wastewater Using the Cold Plasma Technique

In this paper, a cold plasma process was employed for the removal of amoxicillin (AM) and total organic carbon (TOC) from real hospital wastewater in Vietnam via the statistical design of a central composite design (CCD), with three factors of initial pH, applied voltage, and reaction time, respectively. Under optimal treatment conditions of a reaction time of 36.5 min, initial pH of 10.5, and an applied voltage of 36.5 kV, a good TOC removal efficiency of ~72.4% as well as most of the amoxicillin was eliminated. In addition, theoretical approaches (e.g., DFT and NBO calculations) revealed the proposed major degradation pathways of AM and the final mineralization to H2O, CO2, SO4 2−, and NO3 −. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of employing a cold plasma process for the treatment of pharmaceutical-containing wastewater.
The impact of motive disposition on group performance

Abstract People exert less effort when performing in groups than when working alone. Based on the collective effort model’s core principle that individuals are only willing to work hard if they expect their individual contribution to be instrumental in obtaining personally satisfying outcomes, this study demonstrates the strong influence of individual motive dispositions on group performance. Motive dispositions vary from person to person and, when triggered by appropriate cues in the environment, form the current motivation and determine behavior. In experimental ad-hoc groups designed to provoke social loafing for individuals with a high need for achievement, i.e. with few opportunities for self-evaluation, team-members with a high need for achievement (N = 28) substantially reduced their effort to participate in the task at hand. Contrary, in the same situation, team-members with a high need for affiliation (N = 55) showed no social loafing at all, but social laboring instead, resulting in nearly 50% better performance in the group task compared to their team members with a high need for achievement.
Labor market consequences of trade openness and competition in foreign markets

We analyze the labor market consequences of international trade, using the evidence provided by the behavior of Mexican labor markets after the introduction of NAFTA in the nineties and the accession of China to the WTO in 2001. Following an approach close to that proposed by Autor, Dorn and Hanson (2013), we use the local market variation on exposure to international markets to identify the effects of these events. We show that changes in market access and in competition in foreign markets that Mexico has faced have had a significant impact on unemployment, employment, and wages. In particular, NAFTA integration seems to have boosted manufacturing employment and overall wages, while enhanced Chinese competition tended to have the opposite effect. Additionally, we find that the labor market responses to international trade are heterogeneous across regions in the country, being significantly stronger in the regions closer to the US border.
Optimization of fat content to develop goat milk shrikhand

: The present study was conducted to optimize the fat content of goat milk shrikhand using goat milk with three different fat % viz . 4.0 (F1), 5.0 (F2) and 6.0 (F3) %. The pH values decreased while titratable acidity increased significantly (P<0.05) with increased fat content. Fat content and brix values increased significantly (P<0.05) with increased fat content in goat milk. All textural parameters i.e . firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and work of cohesiveness increased significantly (P<0.05) with increased fat content. Among the sensory attributes, there was no significant difference in color and appearance, texture and mouth coating scores among the treatments; however flavor, sweetness and overall acceptability scores increased significantly (P<0.05) with increased fat content. There was no significant difference between F2 and F3 for any sensory attribute including overall acceptability. Present day health conscious consumer demand product with lower fat content without compromising with taste and flavour. Therefore, F2- goat milk shrikhand prepared with 5.0% fat was found optimum and selected as the best treatment. Textural and colour parameter,
Achievement and Perceived Satisfaction, Collaboration and Social Presence of Pre-Service Teachers in a Blended Learning Environment

This case study aimed to investigate whether the perceived satisfaction, collaboration, and social presence of pre-service teachers predicted their achievement in a blended learning environment and differed significantly according to their gender and departments. This study was conducted during the fall semester of 2019-2020 for six weeks at an educational sciences course in a public university in Turkey. 149 pre-service teachers were chosen according to the purposive sampling method. In this study, the course design was based on the ‘Blending with Purpose’ multimodal model, and data were collected through course grades and the application of the ‘Satisfaction, Collaboration and Social Presence Scale’. After conducting the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, it was found that satisfaction, collaboration, social presence, and academic achievement of pre-service teachers correlated significantly in a positive direction, but only the satisfaction in the course predicted their achievement. Also, this study found some significant differences in terms of gender and department according to the academic achievement, satisfaction, collaboration, and social presence of pre-service teachers. The possible explanations for these results were examined and discussed in detail.
Position Sense Changes with Guidelines

Background: Development of clinical neurological assessments aimed at separating normal from abnormal capabilities requires a comprehensive understanding of how basic neurological functions change (or do not change) with increasing age across adulthood. In the case of proprioception, the research literature has failed to conclusively determine whether or not position sense in the upper limb deteriorates in elderly individuals. The present study was conducted a) to quantify whether upper limb position sense deteriorates with increasing age, and b) to generate a set of normative data that can be used for future comparisons with clinical populations. Methods: We examined position sense in 209 healthy males and females between the ages of 18 and 90 using a robotic arm position-matching task that is both objective and reliable. In this task, the robot moved an arm to one of nine positions and subjects attempted to mirror-match that position with the opposite limb. Measures of position sense were recorded by the robotic apparatus in hand-and joint-based coordinates, and linear regressions were used to quantify age-related changes and percentile boundaries of normal behaviour. For clinical comparisons, we also examined influences of sex (male versus female) and test-hand (dominant versus non-dominant) on all measures of position sense. Results: Analyses of hand-based parameters identified several measures of position sense (Variability, Shift, Spatial Contraction, Absolute Error) with significant effects of age, sex, and test-hand. Joint-based parameters at the shoulder (Absolute Error) and elbow (Variability, Shift, Absolute Error) also exhibited significant effects of age and test-hand. Conclusions: The present study provides strong evidence that several measures of upper extremity position sense exhibit declines with age. Furthermore, this data provides a basis for quantifying when changes in position sense are related to normal aging or alternatively, pathology.
Functional Heterogeneity of Cell Populations Increases Robustness of Pacemaker Function in a Numerical Model of the Sinoatrial Node Tissue

Each heartbeat is initiated by specialized pacemaker cells operating within the sinoatrial node (SAN). While individual cells within SAN tissue exhibit substantial heterogeneity of their electrophysiological parameters and Ca cycling, the role of this heterogeneity for cardiac pacemaker function remains mainly unknown. Here we investigated the problem numerically in a 25×25 square grid of coupled-clock Maltsev-Lakatta cell models and tested the hypothesis that functional heterogeneity of cell populations increases robustness of SAN function. The tissue models were populated by cells with different degree of heterogeneity of the two key model parameters of the coupled-clock system, maximum L-type Ca current conductance (gCaL) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca pumping rate (Pup). Our simulations showed that in the areas of Pup-gCaL parametric space at the edge of the system stability where action potential (AP) firing was absent or dysrhythmic in tissues populated by identical cells, rhythmic AP generation was rescued in tissues populated by cells with uniformly random distributions of gCaL or Pup (but keeping the same average values). This effect to increase robust AP generation was synergistic with respect to heterogeneity in both gCaL and Pup and was further strengthened by clustering of cells with higher gCaL or Pup. The effect of functional heterogeneity was not due to a simple summation of activity of intrinsically firing cells naturally present in SAN; rather AP firing cells locally and critically interacted with non-firing/dormant cells. When firing cells prevailed, they recruited many dormant cells to fire, strongly enhancing overall SAN function. And vice versa, prevailing dormant cells suppressed AP firing in cells with intrinsic automaticity and halted SAN automaticity.
Ethics and procurement performance of humanitarian organizations in kenya

The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between ethics and procurement performance of humanitarian organizations in Kenya. The study draws on data from 70 humanitarian organizations and makes use of multiple regression models to deduce the relationship. Findings show that humanitarian organizations in Kenya follow procurement ethics code. Further work is needed to examine the relationship between ethics and procurement performance of humanitarian organizations in Africa as this would give a wide range of conclusions and recommendations. Future studies could relate the independent variables used in this study to cost reduction strategy instead of agility strategy addressed herein. The results indicate that ethics is shaping up today’s humanitarian picture by ensuring that donors and other interested parties have confidence in supporting the humanitarian cause. This is the first paper to systematically analyze relationship between ethics and procurement performance of humanitarian organizations in Kenya.
Significance of Financial and Non Financial Information on Credit Rating: An Empirical Study on Banking and Insurance Sectors of Pakistan

Purpose: Apart from standard spheres of financial institutions’ performance such as asset quality, profitability, liquidity and efficiency; the study investigates the influence of non-financial factors such as governance and management. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study utilizes 2009 through 2018 data for the sample of commercial banks and insurance companies of Pakistan to analyze the significance of financial and non-financial information on credit rating. The study is done by employing frequently used Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS). Findings: The main contribution lies including explanatory variables from various areas that have an impact on the financial position of the examined banks and insurance companies. Implications/Originality/Value: The obtained results suggest that the combined use of financial and non-financial information tends to a significant impact on credit rating.
CHRONOSEQUENCE AND CROWN STRATA EFFECTS ON FOLIAR NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN TEAK ( TECTONA GRANDIS L . f ) PLANTATIONS

Foliar nutrient concentrations, fertilizer and variation with crown location and tree age were quantified in 1, 2, 10 and 18-year-old teak plantations in Peninsular Malaysia. Concentrations of N, P and K decreased with tree age, while the concentration of Ca increased. Nitrogen concentration was same in 1 and 2-year old plants (1.9%) and decreased as tree progressed in age i.e., 1.6% in 10year old and 1.4% in 18-year old trees. Phosphorus, K and Zn followed the similar trend, however, Ca, Mg, Mn and Cu increased with increase in tree age. Concentrations of P and K were greatest in the upper tier of the crown. Differences in N concentration among crown strata were small while Ca and Mg concentrations decreased with crown height. Our results suggest that sampling of teak leaves should be carried from the upper or middle crown positions for N, P, K and from the lower crown position for Ca, Mg, Mn and Cu.
Ionospheric feedback effects on the quasi-stationary coupling between LLBL and postnoon/evening discrete auroral arcs

We discuss a model for the quasi-stationary cou- pling between magnetospheric sheared flows in the dusk sec- tor and discrete auroral arcs, previously analyzed for the case of a uniform height-integrated Pedersen conductivity (6P ). Here we introduce an ionospheric feedback as the variation of 6P with the energy flux of precipitating magnetospheric electrons ( em). One key-component of the model is the kinetic description of the interface between the duskward LLBL and the plasma sheet that gives the profile of 8m, the magnetospheric electrostatic potential. The velocity shear in the dusk LLBL plays the role of a generator for the auroral circuit closing through Pedersen currents in the auroral iono- sphere. The field-aligned current density, j||, and the energy flux of precipitating electrons are given by analytic func- tions of the field-aligned potential drop, 18, derived from standard kinetic models of the adiabatic motion of particles. The ionospheric electrostatic potential, 8i (and implicitely 18) is determined from the current continuity equation in the ionosphere. We obtain values of 18 of the order of kilo- volt and of j|| of the order of tens of µA/m 2 in thin regions of the order of several kilometers at 200 km altitude. The spatial scale is significantly smaller and the peak values of 18, j|| and em are higher than in the case of a uniform 6P. Effects on the postnoon/evening auroral arc electrodynamics due to variations of dusk LLBL and solar wind dynamic and kinetic pressure are discussed. In thin regions (of the order of kilometer) embedding the maximum of 18 we evidence a non-linear regime of the current-voltage relationship. The model predicts also that visible arcs form when the velocity shear in LLBL is above a threshold value depending on the generator and ionospheric plasma properties. Brighter arcs are obtained for increased velocity shear in the LLBL; their spatial scale remains virtually unmodified. The field-aligned potential drop tends to decrease with increasing LLBL den- sity. For higher values of the LLBL electron temperature the model gives negative field-aligned potential drops in regions adjacent to upward field-aligned currents.