Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adversarial Growth in Olympic Swimmers: Constructive Reality or Illusory Self-Deception?

29 Previous research suggests that adversarial growth is a real and constructive phenomenon that 30 occurs in athletes who compete at the highest level of sport. In this study, however, we adopt a 31 critical stance on the veridicality of growth by exploring Olympic swimmers’ experience of 32 constructive and illusory growth. Semi-structured interviews, complemented by timelining, were 33 undertaken with four international swimmers (two male and two female) who were aged between 34 17 and 27 years at their first participation at an Olympic Games and who had experienced a 35 number of significant adversities. The interviews and timelines were analyzed using 36 interpretative phenomenological analysis. Despite the inherently negative aspects of adversity, it 37 was evident from the swimmers’ interpretations that they also perceived positive consequences of 38 their experiences. Analysis revealed that some of these positive outcomes were indicative of 39 illusory aspects of growth (e.g., seeking meaning, cognitive manipulations), while other positive 40 outcomes were more indicative of constructive aspects of growth (e.g., finding meaning, 41 cognitive processing). Prior to growth occurring all of the participants used denial as a short-term 42 palliative coping strategy. It appears that earlier phases of the growth process were characterized 43 by more illusory aspects of growth, whereas when the temporal proximity from the adversity 44 increased and the swimmers accepted their adversities, more constructive aspects of growth are 45 apparent. 46
EXEMPLES DE DIAGENÈSE SOUS-MARINE DANS LES SÈDIMENTS PLIOCÈNES ET PLÉISTOCÈNES: DOLOMITISATION, FERRUGINISATION (MÉDITERRANÉE NORD-OCCIDENTALE, SUD DE MARSEILLE)

An investigation based on thin section and X-ray analysis of lithified Pliocene and Pleistocene samples collected on the top of the continental slope between -150 and -300 m is presented. Three groups are distinguished: 1Dolomitized and non-ferruginous Pliocene. Samples with Pliocene microfauna occur under two facies: algal calcirudites and argillaceous skeletal-detrital sands, both with micritic matrix. Dolomitization concerns preferentially cell-filling of coralline algae; 2Dolomitized ferruginous Pleistocene. A sample (Halimeda limestone) is described in detail. Aragonite of Halimeda and low-magnesium calcite or aragonite of molluscs are dissolved, sparitic early cement and coralline algae are dolomitized; echinoderms are not affected by dolomitization. Goethite fills part of the voids. A mosaic of magnesium calcite marks the last stage of cementation.These facts lead the author to the conclusion that for the first two groups dolomitization took place in a supralittoral environment, during a raising of the sea contemporaneous with an interglacial stage, following a glacial low-level at about −300 m. 3Ferruginous and non-dolomitized Pleistocene. This group includes one aragonite-cemented sample, and several samples with calcite cement. For the former, crystallization is referred to a shallow-marine environment, which suggests a sea-level at about -270 m as for dolomitization. Iron oxide (goethite) occurs either as impregnations of micrite cement, or as deposits alternating with layers of sparitic calcite. Its submarine deposition required favourable physical-chemical conditions, but also previous concentration, on the continent. This ferruginization is then related to washing of iron-rich soils (red loams reworked on the continent during interglacial stages). These data point to the following sequence of events: 1At the end of the Pliocene the sea-level must have been between -100 and -150 m with respect to present-day sea-level. 2A period of dolomitization in the Early Pleistocene, indicating a lowering of sea-level down to -270 m. Where subsequent downwarping of the continental margin occurred, this figure would decrease further. 3Ferruginization is more recent. It may be tentatively connected with erosion of the last continental red loams, where they overlie the Tyrrhenian.
Predicting changes in temperate forest budburst using continental‐scale observations and models

A new framework for understanding the macro‐scale variations in spring phenology is developed by using new data from the USA National Phenology Network. Changes in spring budburst for the United States are predicted by using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 outputs. Macro‐scale budburst simulations for the coming century indicate that projected warming leads to earlier budburst by up to 17 days. The latitudinal gradient of budburst becomes less pronounced due to spatially varying sensitivity of budburst to climate change, even in the most conservative emissions scenarios. Currently existing interspecies differences in budburst date are predicted to become smaller, indicating the potential for secondary impacts at the ecosystem level. We expect that these climate‐driven changes in phenology will have large effects on the carbon budget of U.S. forests and these controls should be included in dynamic global vegetation models.
Distribution of human papillomavirus types in ThinPrep papanicolaou tests classified according to the Bethesda 2001 terminology and correlations with patient age and biopsy outcomes

O ne of the recommendations from an expert meeting regarding breast carcinoma treatment during pregnancy was that radiation therapy should be delayed until after delivery. However, we believe the authors have overestimated the risks of radiation therapy. The risks of irradiation have been reviewed previously by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. In general, the expected effects are malformations, a decrease in intelligence, mental retardation (deterministic effects), and cancer induction. For deterministic effects, threshold doses of 0.2 gray (Gy) have been found. An estimate of the lifetime risk of radiation-induced fatal cancer at 0.01 Gy is approximately 0.06%. Maternal breast irradiation in the first 8 weeks of organogenesis will expose the fetus to 0.05–0.15 Gy (the reference dose is 50 Gy). Toward the end of pregnancy, the fetus lies closer to the radiation field and could receive >1 Gy for the same treatment course. However, the fetal dose due to leakage radiation from the tube head of the linear accelerator and scatter from collimator and blocks can be reduced with a factor 2 to 4 by proper shielding. Therefore, in the majority of cases, the radiation dose can be kept below the threshold dose for deterministic effects. The risk of radiation-induced cancer is low, and is negligible with a lifetime risk, without irradiation, of approximately 1 in 3. A review of successful radiation therapy for breast cancer (as well as Hodgkin disease) with supplemental shielding during pregnancy was published recently. In summary, the recommendation not to irradiate a pregnant patient until after birth is not tenable. Pregnancy is not a contraindication to radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer and other cancers that develop away from the pelvis.
First Demonstration of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma A (cid:1) Lowering with Oral Administration of a (cid:1) -Site Amyloid Precursor Protein-Cleaving Enzyme 1 Inhibitor in Nonhuman Primates □ S

(cid:1) -Site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme (BACE) 1 cleavage of amyloid precursor protein is an essential step in the generation of the potentially neurotoxic and amyloidogenic A (cid:1) 42 peptides in Alzheimer’s disease. Although previous mouse studies have shown brain A (cid:1) lowering after BACE1 inhibition, extension of such studies to nonhuman pri- mates or man was precluded by poor potency, brain penetration, and pharmacokinetics of available inhibitors. In this study, a novel tertiary carbinamine BACE1 inhibitor, tertiary carbinamine (TC)-1, was assessed in a unique cisterna magna ported rhesus monkey model, where the temporal dynamics of A (cid:1) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma could be evaluated. TC-1, a potent inhibitor (IC 50 (cid:1) 0.4 nM), has excellent passive membrane permeability, low susceptibility to P-glycoprotein transport, and lowered brain A (cid:1) levels in a mouse model. Intravenous infusion of TC-1 led to a significant but transient lowering of CSF and plasma A (cid:1) levels in conscious rhesus monkeys because it underwent CYP3A4-mediated metabo- lism. Oral codosing of TC-1 with ritonavir, a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, twice daily over 3.5 days in rhesus monkeys led to sustained plasma TC-1 exposure and a significant and sustained reduction in CSF sAPP (cid:1) , A (cid:1) 40, A (cid:1) 42, and plasma A (cid:1) 40 levels. CSF A (cid:1) 42 lowering showed an EC 50 of (cid:1) 20 nM with respect to the CSF [TC-1] levels, demonstrating excellent con- cordance with its potency in a cell-based assay. These results demonstrate the after intravenous infusion with TC-1. A significant lowering of CSF A (cid:2) 40 was observed at 2 ( p (cid:9) 0.01), 4 ( p (cid:9) 0.001), 6 ( p (cid:9) 0.001), and 8 ( p (cid:9) 0.05) h after intravenous infusion of a high dose of TC-1 relative to vehicle. The low dose of TC-1 showed no significant differences compared with vehicle. D, dose- and time-dependent reduction of CSF A (cid:2) 42 was observed after intravenous infusion with TC-1. A significant lowering of CSF A (cid:2) 42 was observed at 2 ( p (cid:9) 0.05), 4 ( p (cid:9) 0.001), 6 ( p (cid:9) 0.001), and 8 ( p (cid:9) 0.05) h after intravenous infusion of a high dose of TC-1 relative to vehicle. The low dose of TC-1 showed no significant differences compared with vehicle. Similar results were obtained in n (cid:6) 3 independent experiments with TC-1.
A new approach for forest decline assessments: maximizing detail and accuracy with multispectral imagery

Remote sensing of forest condition is typically based on broadband vegetation indices to quantify coarse categories of canopy condition. More detailed and accurate assessments have been demonstrated using narrowband sensors, although with more limited image availability. While differences in sensor capabilities are obvious, I hypothesized that multispectral imagery may be able to detect more subtle canopy stress symptoms if a new calibration approach was considered. This involves three major changes to traditional decline assessments: (1) calibration with more detailed field measurements, (2) consideration of narrowband derived indices adapted for broadband calculation, and (3) a multivariate calibration model. Testing this approach on Landsat-5 (TM) imagery in the Catskills, NY, USA, a five-term linear regression model (r2 = 0.621, RMSE 0.403) based on a unique combination of vegetation indices sensitive to canopy chlorophyll, carotenoids, green leaf area, and water content was able to quantify a broad range of forest condition across species. When rounded to a class-based system for comparison to more traditional methods, this equation predicted decline across 42 mixed-species plots with 65% accuracy (10-classes), and 100% accuracy (5-classes). This approach was a significant improvement over commonly used vegetation indices such as NDVI (r2 = 0.351, RMSE = 0.500, 10-class accuracy = 60%, and 5-class accuracy = 74%). These results suggest that relying solely on a single common vegetation index to assess forest condition may artificially limit the accuracy and detail possible with multispectral imagery. I recommend that future efforts to monitor forest decline consider this three-pronged approach to decline predictions in order to maximize the information and accuracy obtainable with broadband sensors so widely available at this time.
A new model for the evolution of the volcanic island of Réunion (Indian Ocean)

The island of Reunion has been studied using data from airborne and shipborne magnetic surveys. The subaerial history of Reunion spans the last 2.1 million years. The Brunhes-Matuyama geomagnetic reversal enables differentiation of volcanic rocks older and younger than 0.78 Ma. The lower submarine flanks are poorly magnetized and are interpreted as landslide deposits. The core of the island is composed of highly magnetized rocks. Piton des Neiges volcano is composed mostly of rocks older than 0.78 Ma. Only its western flank and central area include thick piles of younger rocks. Piton de la Fournaise is a highly and normally magnetized edifice, but its northern and eastern flanks are underlain at shallow depth by reversely magnetized formations. The latter are regarded as remnants of Les Alizes volcano, associated with the Grand-Brule hypovolcanic complex. At the Matuyama-Brunhes transition the island was composed of at least two main volcanoes (Piton des Neiges and Les Alizes) and perhaps also of a third old volcano (Takamaka) at the center-north of the island. Piton de la Fournaise grows on the flank of Les Alizes and is a relatively young focus of volcanism. These volcanoes have had successive phases of construction and destruction. The analysis of magnetic anomalies over Reunion was decisive in defining a new coherent model for the evolution of the island.
Predicting the migration rates of subaqueous dunes

In this paper we develop a simple, physically based method for predicting what fraction of sediment moving over the crests of dunes will bypass their lee faces. The bypass fraction is found by calculating a characteristic excursion length for every grain size making up a particular train of dunes. All particles with excursion lengths greater than the downstream span of the lee face of the average dune are assumed not to contribute to dune propagation. Bypass fractions based on distributions of excursion lengths account for the discrepancies between total sediment discharge and dune migration rate measured by Stein [1965] and Guy et al. [1966] in laboratory flumes, as well as by us in the North Loup River of Nebraska. Calculations and these data agree over sediment-transporting conditions associated with the entire stability field for dunes composed of medium sand. The two laboratory studies show that commonly 30–60% of all sand moving over fully developed dunes is not deposited on slip faces. Measurements from the North Loup River reveal that of all sediment moving over the dune crests there, roughly 45% is not being captured on lee faces even though 99% of sediment is transported within 2 cm of the bed. The method developed herein successfully estimates measured values for the bypass fraction from 0 to 80%. Our analysis indicates that the division between grains that are deposited versus those that are bypassing falls within the range of sand sizes making up the suspended load at dune crests.
Seasonal and diurnal variations in moisture, heat, and CO2 fluxes over grassland in the tropical monsoon region of southern China

[1] In order to examine energy partitioning and CO2 exchange over grassland in the tropical monsoon environment of southern China, fluxes of moisture, heat, and CO2 in the near-surface layer during the period from May 2004 to July 2005 were calculated using the eddy covariance method. The study site was homogenous and approximately 400 × 300 m in size. Comparison of meteorological parameters measured at this site with historical data collected at a nearby routine observatory since 1960 shows that the measurement period is representative of the climate for this area. Seasonal and diurnal variations in radiation components, energy components, and CO2 fluxes are examined. Results show that all four radiation components changed seasonally, resulting in a seasonal variation in net radiation. The radiation components also changed diurnally, except that the downward longwave radiation showed almost no diurnal variation during the period from December to April. Summer surface albedo was higher than winter surface albedo because during winter the fraction of bare soil increases and the albedo of soil is lower than that of grass in this area. The seasonal variations in both latent heat and CO2 fluxes were stronger than those of sensible heat and soil heat fluxes. This implies that both latent heat and CO2 fluxes may be more significant climate signals than sensible heat and soil fluxes. Latent (sensible) heat flux was the main consumer of available energy in summer (winter). The energy imbalance problem was encountered and the causes are analyzed.
The life habits of the Ordovician illaenine trilobite Bumastoides

The Ordovician illaenine Bumastoides exhibits a distinctive effaced and strongly convex morphology. Orientation of the visual field, the extreme convexity of the cephalon and the nature of the thoracic articulation support an interpretation of Bumastoides as an infaunal trilobite that was poorly suited to epifaunal crawling. The genus may have been sedentary; spending most of its post-larval life cycle within a burrow. Suspension feeding would be a viable existence for a sedentary trilobite such as Bumastoides. Maintenance of a burrow is essential for respiration and would require a firm, cohesive substrate. The infaunal niche had become occupied by trilobites by at least the Late Cambrian and continued to be exploited through the Ordovician, Silurian and. possibly, into the Devonian. Convergence has led to the appearance of the effaced, strongly convex morphotype in a number of unrelated families, including the Illaenidae, Asaphidac, Aulacopleuridae, Plethopeltidae and Scutelluidae. A high numerical abundance of illaenid trilobites, such as Illaenus and Bumastoides, is characteristic of the illaenid–chcirurid association, which persisted from the early Ordovician until at least the Late Silurian. This association has been recorded from shelf-edge and on-shelf carbonate buildups and shallow subtidal level bottom environments. It appears to be confined to firm substrates.
Partial melting in the deepest mantle

We have compared the travel times of direct (P, S) and core‐reflected (PcP, ScS) phases recorded in southern Africa from earthquakes occurring in the Scotia Arc region. The low‐velocity region beneath the south Atlantic is explored by calculating ScS‐S and PcP‐P travel‐time residuals to determine the correlation and magnitude of Vs and Vp reductions in the deepest mantle. Residual calculations yield extraordinary results as PcP‐P is about 1 second larger than expected while ScS‐S is >7 seconds larger for a great circle arc distance of 54°. We investigate models of P and S velocity reductions in the deepest mantle that may explain these residuals to provide constraints on the velocity structure of the D” region in this extremely slow zone. The reductions in P and S velocity needed to match the data are consistent with partial melting in the deepest mantle for a wide range of 1D models.
Southern Midlatitude Zonal Wind Vacillation and Its Interaction with the Ocean in GCM Simulations

Abstract Much of the variance of monthly and zonal mean zonal wind anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere troposphere can be attributed to the vacillation of a barotropic dipole-like “mode. ” In four multidecadal simulations of the CSIRO general circulation model, the vacillation is also associated with variations in atmospheric temperature, surface pressure, cloud cover, rainfall, surface, and top-of-atmosphere energy fluxes, surface stresses, and ocean currents. Surface heat fluxes reach 6 W m−2 in composites of months of high value of the vacillation index. In simulations of the model that include either a mixed-layer or general circulation ocean model, these fluxes produce zonal mean SST anomalies, reaching 0.14°C at 45°S, which persist for several months. Ocean dynamics modifies this response, particularly farther south. The atmosphere then responds, although weakly, to these ocean anomalies, as is demonstrated by comparing the interacting-ocean runs with runs where SSTs follow either a climatological a.
On the intra‐annual variability of atmospheric circulation in the Mediterranean region

Some aspects on the intra‐annual variability and the seasonal peculiarities of the atmospheric circulation in the Mediterranean region are examined. T‐mode factor analysis is applied on the long‐term (1948–2003) 5‐day mean values of relative geostrophic vorticity for the 73 5‐day periods of the year. The analysis is applied for sea‐surface and 500‐hPa levels. For sea level, two circulation types are found to be dominant: the type of the warm period and the type of the cold period, characterizing the so‐called Mediterranean climate; they are strongly dependent on the thermal and humidity characteristics of the earth's surface and the position and strength of the sub‐tropical (Azores) anti‐cyclone. For 500‐hPa level, two extra but weaker circulation types are added, prevailing mainly during the transitional seasons and modifying the smooth intra‐annual variation of the atmospheric circulation. In this case, the thermal influence of the earth's surface appears to be weaker, while other circulation features, such as blocking activity and/or cut‐off lows, seem to play an important role too. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Progressive solidification of a liquefied sand layer during continued wave loading

A theoretical model for progressive solidification is described. It reproduces the experimental finding, from centrifugal wave tank testing with viscous scaling, that a layer of liquefied sand solidifies progressively from the base up while severe fluid-wave loading is imposed over a prolonged period of time. The solidification process reestablishes a grain-supported framework in the transitory fluid-like soil and is accompanied by the marked densification and gradual dissipation of excess pore pressures in a zone immediately below the upward-advancing solidification front. The continued disturbances to liquefied soil in the form of wave loading are an effective means for loosening the interlocking of solid particles, and permit rearrangement into a state of remarkably dense compaction due to contractancy. These aspects of soil behaviour are accentuated through comparison with consolidation in quiescent conditions following liquefaction. Furthermore, the proposed rigorous treatment of solidification as a .
Dialysis Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Risk Factors and Outcomes

OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the risk factors for post-transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) dialysis and to determine the impact of pre-TAVR or post-TAVR dialysis on mortality. BACKGROUND TAVR is now established as an alternative treatment to surgical aortic valve replacement. Data examining the impact of dialysis on outcomes after TAVR are lacking. METHODS The UK TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) Registry was established to report outcomes on all TAVR procedures performed within the United Kingdom (2007 to 2014). Data were collected prospectively on 6,464 patients with a median follow-up of 625 days. RESULTS The proportion of patients on dialysis before TAVR has remained constant at 1.8%. After TAVR, the proportion of patients newly needing dialysis after TAVR has fallen from 6.1% (2007 to 2008) to 2.3% (2013 to 2014). The risk of new dialysis requirement after TAVR was independently associated with lower baseline renal function, year of procedure, impaired left ventricular function, diabetes, use of an Edwards valve, a nontransfemoral approach, need for open surgery, and moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation after the procedure. Requirement for new dialysis after TAVR was associated with higher mortality at 30 days (hazard ratio: 6.44; 95% con ﬁ dence interval: 4.87 to 8.53) and at 4 years (hazard ratio: 3.54; 95% con ﬁ dence interval: 2.99 to 4.19; p < 0.001 for all) compared with patients without dialysis requirement.