Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poor Mothers and Begging: How Impoverished Ethiopian Women Support Their Children in the Absence of a Strong State Welfare System

Despite various efforts to achieve women’s empowerment, many women in developing nations still face desperate situations. In countries where social welfare services for the poor do not exist, mothers are expected to support their children by any means possible, including by begging. This is the case in Ethiopia, where poor mothers, especially in urban areas, engage in begging to support their families. To learn more about the lived experiences of these women we conducted qualitative interviews with 17 mother beggars who were identified through purposive sampling. From the interviews, we identified the following themes: begging as a better option; begging as a solution to a crisis; begging as a family identity; and challenges of begging. Children were considered assets as well as burdens by the mother beggars, who believed that more money could be made by using children, while acknowledging the stress of looking after their children when begging. Understanding the realities of these situations can help determine suitable responses to the needs of poor mothers raising children in the absence of strong state welfare systems.
An acoustic study of quasi-phonemic vowels in Ampenan Sasak

ABSTRACT In a variety of Sasak called Ampenan Sasak in this paper, traditional documentation and analytical methods based on auditory perception reveal allophonic patterns in alternations of height among mid-vowels. High mid-vowels occur in final syllables ending in [ʔ] or no-coda (e.g. [tokoʔ] ‘fish species native to Lombok’) while low mid-vowels occur in final syllables ending in all other consonants (e.g. [tɔkɔl] ‘to sit’). However, words deviate from these patterns in several minimal pairs (e.g. [bəɾəmbok] ‘to discuss’ and [bəɾəmbɔk] ‘to breathe’) and in some borrowings (e.g. [agostos] ‘August’), suggesting a quasi-phonemic status for back mid-vowels; they behave like both phonemes and allophones. This study analyzes the phonetic properties of mid-vowels through an acoustic analysis of the F1 and F2 of 2,448 vowel tokens. Results suggest that mid-vowels are largely predictable among non-borrowed vocabulary. In final syllables, syllable openness serves as a predictor for the height of mid-vowels. In pre-final syllables, syllable openness has no effect on the height of the vowel. Rather, the height of pre-final mid-vowels is predictable based on the height of the final-syllable vowel. In consideration of both elicitation and acoustic evidence, this paper adopts a descriptive approach by stating that Ampenan Sasak back mid-vowels are largely predictable, with some exceptions. Further, the paper questions whether all sounds must be identified as a ‘phoneme’ or an ‘allophone’ and argues that quasi-phonemic segments are a valuable intermediate descriptor for both phonological theory and language documentation.
Synthesis of Fly Ash Magnetic Glass
Microsphere@BiVO4 and Its Hybrid Action
of Visible-Light Photocatalysis
and Adsorption Process

A novel composite photocatalyst (fly ash magnetic glass microsphere@BiVO4, called FaBi), where the magnetic glass microsphere (from fly ash) was used as magnetic carriers for BiVO4, was synthesized. The properties of composite photocatalyst were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, XPS, UV-vis, magnetic hysteresis loop and DFT caculation. After the synthesis reaction, the smaller spherical BiVO4 (2-4 μm) was successfully loaded on the surface of magnetic glass microspheres. The composite catalyst of FaBi had obvious ferromagnetism, and the saturation magnetization was 27.52 emu/g. The photocatalytic experiments results showed that the composite catalyst could effectively degrade MB (Methylene blue) in the solution under visible light excitation. The apparent degradation process of MB was satisfactorily fitted by the first-order reaction kinetics. After several times of recycling, the photocatalysis of the material remained basically stable. The photocatalytic degradation of MB in solution was mainly due to the direct oxidation of free holes and related free radical reaction. The efficient adsorption of MB from solution was ascribed to large specific surface area of composite catalyst. The adsorption process was well modeled by the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation and Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption function enhanced the degradation effect of photocatalysis for target pollutant in solution. DFT calculation verified the photocatalytic properties of BiVO4 (calculated energy band is 2.213eV) under visible light. The fly ash magnetic glass microsphere could be used as an excellent magnetic carrier for photocatalyst materials.
Comparison of Primary Absorbed-Dose Standards

International comparisons of standards for 60CO gamma radiation for air kerma, exposure and absorbed dose to graphite have been carried out for many years, and their results show very satisfactory agreemene238-240). Comparisons of standards of water-absorbed-dose have also been carried out; although they have a much shorter history(240-242). Other PSDLs, including the Electrotechnical Laboratory, Japan (ETL), the standard Dosimetry Laboratory ofthe University of Ghent, Belgium, and the Swiss Federal Office of Metrology (OFMET), Switzerland, are in the process of developing waterabsorbed-dose standards and further comparisons will be carried out.
Polar constituents of oils and bitumens – new applications to Petroleum Geochemistry and (Palaeo)Biogeochemistry

viii isotope excursion and a molecular combustion-marker anomaly (coronene; 0.48 ppb, relative to a 0.04 ppb background), which are followed by a diversification of Acritarch species, suggests that combustion of ‘early’ terrestrial and marginallymarine biomass might have caused extensive smoke and atmospheric dimming, as well as subsequent photosynthetic stress. Moreover, the sharp combustion marker anomaly can probably provide a long-sought chronostratigraphic marker for the late Neoproterozoic, when also detected in other locations around the globe. Chapter 5 evaluates the effects of petroleum interaction with water. For this purpose oils produced from one reservoir were monitored during a 335-day period following the rationale that oil-water interaction increases during petroleum production. Based on a selective depletion of volatile aromatics and invariant phenol concentrations the results exclude both evaporative and oil-water partitioning processes. Petroleum compositional changes, recorded mainly in the low-molecular-weight aromatic and phenol fractions, were tentatively attributed to abiotic oxidation processes. Furthermore, methodological advances in the analysis of carboxylic acids of low molecular weight, evaluated for the execution of the other studies, are presented in chapter 4. Overall, the presented results shed more light on carbon export fluxes from different sedimentary carbon reservoirs by shedding new light on deep biosphere metabolism, elucidating the significance of the Neoproterozoic Acraman impact event, and contributing to our knowledge of petroleum destruction through its interaction with water in sedimentary basins. Moreover, they show that, in contrast to traditional belief, NSO compounds in oils and bitumens can form useful molecular tools to study questions in petroleum geochemistry, biogeochemistry, and palaeobiogeochemistry. Understanding the size of carbon reservoirs and fluxes on Earth, as well as the mechanisms that cause these carbon fluxes, can increase our appreciation of global biogeochemical cycling and, in turn, explain ecosystem dynamics, past evolutionary events, and predict future change of current climatic conditions.
Assessing islamic junior high schools students’ scientific literacy using PISA released items

This study aims to assesscientific literacy of students of Islamic Junior High Schools (Madrasah Tsanawiyah/MTs) by using the PISA released items. This study used a sequential explanatory research method with a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. A total of 102students from 5 Madrasahs in West Sumatra and DKI Jakarta Provinces were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The instrument used is a scientific literacy test to collect quantitative data and interview guides for qualitative data. The quantitative data obtained were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while the qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results show that scientific literacy score of Madrasah Tsanawiyah’s students is lower than the average score of OECD countries. The findings show that there are several factors that cause the low scores of madrasah students such as they are lackingof practicing the similar questions and lacking of opportunity to conducting science experiments.
Impact of ETF Listing on the Returns Generated by Underlying Stocks: Indian Evidence

The advent of exchange traded funds (ETFs) has rendered index trading much affordable compared to their futures counterparts. The present study attempts to examine the impact of ETF listing on the price of the constituent securities of the index that it aims to track. The sample comprises of all the equity ETFs listed in India from 1 January 2002 to 31 March 2019. Event study analysis has been used to examine whether listing of ETFs bore any price impact on the constituent stocks of ETFs. To account for robustness, both parametric and non-parametric tests have been employed. The estimates obtained from event study analysis revealed that the constituent stocks generated insignificant returns for the period extending from January 2002 to March 2009 and April 2009 to March 2013 but positive and significant cumulative average abnormal returns (CAARs) post ETF listing for the period ranging from April 2013 to March 2019, thus providing evidence in support of positive price impact. The permission granted to pension funds, insurers and Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) to invest their funds in ETFs as well as reduction in Securities Transaction Tax (STT) account for the observed price differential. An analysis of the factors accounting for the variation in valuation effects ascertained that the stocks that were traded thinly prior to ETF listing and those forming part of ETFs with larger asset base experienced positive price impact following ETF listing. JEL Codes: G11, G14
EVALUATION OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS USING ULTRASOUND

The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is mainly clinical and to confirm the clinical diagnosis ultrasonography (USG) of the abdomen is being used to help in diagnosis of the disease. To find out the role of USG in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in clinically equivocal cases and to correlate USG findings with histopathological reports (HPR) of removed appendix.Total numbers of 100 patients were included in the study from 12March 2019 to 5 December 2019. Findings on ultrasound were finally compared with histopathological report of appendices removed on surgery. Those cases with alternate diagnosis were followed up and proved with other means of investigation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in our study were found to be 79 %, 84.20 %, 95.50%, 48.40% and 80% respectively.
Sources, Rates and Time of Nitrogen Application on Maize Crops under No-Tillage System

ABSTRACT Quantitatively, nitrogen (N) is the foremost nutrient for maize crops (Zea mays L.), but the N source to increase the grain productivity still needs more investigation. Thus, the aim of this experiment was to study sources, rates and time of N application on the crop yield and agronomic characteristics of the maize under no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out during two growing seasons on an Oxisol under the factorial 5 × 3 × 3 scheme with five N rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha−1) and three sources (ammonium-sulfate-nitrate as inhibitor of the nitrification (ASN+I), ammonium sulfate (AS) and urea); we applied them two times with four replicates: first time at the sowing or later under side dressing when the plants had the six leaves stage. In the first year, the sources of N had no influence on the number of grain line /ear (NGLE), grain number/line (GNL), total number of grain/ear (TNFE), biomass of 100 grain, plant height (PH), height of the first ear insertion (AFEI) and stalk diameter, in contrast with the foliar N content and the crop yield. Early fertilization with N at the sowing time can afford applications as well as the total side dressing. The increase of the rates had positive influence on the N foliar content, plant height and 100 grains biomass. The highest productivities were found with rates above the threshold of 150 kg ha−1, no matter the sources and the fertilization time.
The joint power of personality and motivation dynamics for occupational success: Bridging two largely separated fields

When establishing a career in adulthood, two major socioemotional ingredients are expected to affect people’s success: how people act (personality) and what motivates them to act this way (motivation). However, little is known about whether and how personality and motivation change together and how their possible dynamic interplay predicts success. We investigated the roles that changes in personality and expectancy beliefs played in explaining occupational success in 4121 participants assessed after high school (Mage = 22.80, SDage = 0.70; 63% female) and about 20 years later. We used latent change models and moderated structural equation modeling to investigate correlated change and latent change interactions of personality and expectancy beliefs in predicting success. Results illustrated that besides being related in a nomological net, personality and expectancy beliefs also illustrated a strong interrelatedness in change across time. We found the clearest joint change dynamics between emotional stability, conscientiousness, self-concept, and self-efficacy. Changes in personality and expectancy beliefs were furthermore associated with objective and subjective occupational success. The results call for a more integrative view on personality-motivation dynamics across time for understanding the long-term adaptive ingredients of occupational success stories in adulthood.
Signaling effects of branded amenities on customer-based brand equity

ABSTRACT Hotels often use branded amenities to upgrade products. However, given the importance, branded amenities are scarcely studied as a tool to manage hotel brands. Signaling theory explains how branded amenities fit into an ingredient branding strategy for hotels. A series of ANOVA were conducted to analyze the effects of branded amenities on hotels’ customer-based brand equity (quality, image, and loyalty) using an experimental design. The results confirm that an ingredient branding strategy is beneficial for enhancing hotel brands. The effects of the ingredient branding on the CBBE vary by economy, midscale, or luxury hotel segments. Midscale hotel brands yield the most potent advantages, while luxury hotel brands offer partial benefits from the strategy. The study provides essential implications for ingredient branding practices in the hotel industry. To achieve maximum benefits of ingredient branding, hotels need enough capacity to grow and minimum levels of CBBE.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) in Azerbaijan

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a globally recognized scale for the measurementof subjective well-being in more than thirty six languages. Currently there is no adaptedversion of the SCWS in Azerbaijani language. The aim of the present study was to completeforward and backward translations of the SWLS and maintaining equivalence to examine itspsychometric properties in a sample of 374 subjects in Azerbaijan. The results showed thatthe Azerbaijani version of SWLS had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.81) withconfirmatory factor analysis showing a single factorial structure. The findings suggest that theAzerbaijani version of the SWLS is a valid instrument to use among Azerbaijan samples.
Is the instructional style of teacher educators related to the teaching intention of pre-service teachers? A Self-Determination Theory perspective-based analysis

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to analyse the relationship between the perception of the teacher educators’ instructional style and the intention to choose teaching as a career, as reported by pre-service teachers. A longitudinal panel study was designed based on Self-Determination Theory. The participants were 429 pre-service teachers. The results that emerged from the path analysis revealed a positive relationship between the perceived democratic style of the teacher educators, needs satisfaction, self-determined motivation and teaching self-efficacy, as perceived by the pre-service teachers, and their intention to choose teaching as a career. By contrast, the perceived autocratic style of the teacher educators was positively related to needs frustration; and the needs frustration was negatively related to teaching self-efficacy. The conclusions suggest that the teacher educators’ instructional style, as perceived by pre-service teachers during their initial teacher education programme, can be a determining factor in developing the intention to choose teaching as a future career.
A pyramid non-local enhanced residual dense network for single image de-raining

Single image de-raining based on convolutional neural network (CNN) has made consid-erable progress in recent years. However, usually the de-rained result has dark artifacts and image textures tend to be over-smoothed. In this paper, a pyramid non-local enhanced residual dense network is proposed to reduce such distortion. Firstly, the down-sampled images are input into the Laplacian pyramid, which can extract the overall and partial texture clues, and subsequently a set of images of different scales are produced. Secondly, these images are fed into a non-local enhanced residual dense block, which can not only capture long-distance dependencies of feature maps, but also fully utilizes the hierarchical features in every dense block, leading to high accuracy of rain streaks extraction and better preservation of image edge detail. Finally, the de-rained image is gradually restored by Gaussian reconstruction pyramid. Experimental results on both synthetic data and real-world data show that the artifacts distortion is obviously reduced by the proposed network. And the quality of de-rained image is signiﬁcantly improved compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment for resected gastric cancer: should we use selection criteria?

Background The management of gastric adenocarcinoma is essentially based on surgery followed by adjuvant treatment. Adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) as well as chemoradiotherapy (CTRT) have proven their effectiveness in survival outcomes compared to surgery alone. However, there is little data comparing the two adjuvant approaches. This study aimed to compare the prognosis and survival outcomes of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma operated and treated by adjuvant radio-chemotherapy or chemotherapy Materials and methods We retrospectively evaluated 80 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LGC) who received adjuvant treatment. We compared survival outcomes and patterns of recurrence of 53 patients treated by CTRT and those of 27 patients treated by CT. Results After a median follow-up of 38.48 months, CTRT resulted in a significant improvement of the 5-year PFS (60.9% vs. 36%, p = 0.03) and the 5-year OS (55.9% vs. 33%, p = 0.015) compared to adjuvant CT. The 5-year OS was significantly increased by adjuvant CTRT (p = 0.046) in patients with lymph node metastasis, and particularly those with advanced pN stage (p = 0.0078) and high lymph node ratio (LNR) exceeding 25% (p = 0.012). Also, there was a significant improvement of the PFS of patients classified pN2–N3 (p = 0.022) with a high LNR (p = 0.018). CTRT was also associated with improved OS and PFS in patients with lymphovascular and perineural invasion (LVI and PNI) compared to chemotherapy. Conclusion There is a particular survival benefit of adding radiotherapy to chemotherapy in patients with selected criteria such as lymph node involvement, high LNR LVI, and PNI.
Pan‐Arctic Riverine Dissolved Organic Matter: Synchronous Molecular Stability, Shifting Sources and Subsidies

Climate change is dramatically altering Arctic ecosystems, leading to shifts in the sources, composition, and eventual fate of riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Arctic Ocean. Here we examine a 6‐year DOM compositional record from the six major Arctic rivers using Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry paired with dissolved organic carbon isotope data (Δ14C, δ13C) to investigate how seasonality and permafrost influence DOM, and how DOM export may change with warming. Across the pan‐Arctic, DOM molecular composition demonstrates synchrony and stability. Spring freshet brings recently leached terrestrial DOM with a latent high‐energy and potentially bioavailable subsidy, reconciling the historical paradox between freshet DOM's terrestrial bulk signatures and high biolability. Winter features undiluted baseflow DOM sourced from old, microbially degraded groundwater DOM. A stable core Arctic riverine fingerprint (CARF) is present in all samples and may contribute to the potential carbon sink of persistent, aged DOM in the global ocean. Future warming may lead to shifting sources of DOM and export through: (1) flattening Arctic hydrographs and earlier melt modifying the timing and role of the spring high‐energy subsidy; (2) increasing groundwater discharge resulting in a greater fraction of DOM export to the ocean occurring as stable and aged molecules; and (3) increasing contribution of nitrogen/sulfur‐containing DOM from microbial degradation caused by increased connectivity between groundwater and surface waters due to permafrost thaw. Our findings suggest the ubiquitous CARF (which may contribute to oceanic carbon sequestration) underlies predictable variations in riverine DOM composition caused by seasonality and permafrost extent.
Developing an E-book with Past Tenses Materials for the Students of English Education Study Program in the Indonesian Context

An e-book is one type of instructional materials that play important roles to ensure learning interactivity by integrating technology to its context. However, studies on the integration of an e-book in English language teaching mostly focus on its implementation process, not its developing process which in fact may influence the validity quality of an e-book. Thus, this study aims to use expert‟s review to develop an e-book with past tenses materials for students of English study program. Development research design proposed by Akker was used to develop the e-book. Expert‟s reviews on the past tenses materials and the e-book media design were used to determine the validity of the e-book. The results showed that the e-book with past tenses materials was valid which indicated that it can be employed in teaching and learning simple past tense and past continuous to the students of English education study program.
Influence of Aggregate Type on Properties of Geopolymer Concrete

The results of comparative studies of geopolymer concrete strength made with coarse aggregate based on granite, limestone, concrete scrap were given. It is found that the use of granite aggregate instead of limestone and concrete scrap reduces the strength flexural 2-2.5 times, as on impact - 2.5-3.5 times; the compressive strength decreases by 10-30%. It concluded that the main item that reduces the strength of the investigated geopolymer concrete when using granite aggregate, its low creep is observed, which, with high autogenous shrinkage of the geopolymer binder, leads to concrete cracking. The established features of the influence of the type of aggregate on the properties of concrete substantiate the use of crushed limestone and concrete scrap as a coarse aggregate of geopolymer concrete.