Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations of Objective and Perceived Neighborhood Ethnic Density on Hazardous Alcohol Use among Latinx Emerging Adults

Abstract Background/Purpose: Emerging adulthood is an important time where substance use often peaks. Neighborhood Latinx ethnic density could be protective against negative health behaviors. Most studies on neighborhood ethnic density have focused on census-level aggregate measures, however perception of the neighborhood ethnic density could differ from objectively measured neighborhood density. This study investigated the effects of neighborhood ethnic density, both perceived ethnic and objectively measured ethnic density, on hazardous alcohol use among Latinx emerging adults in Maricopa County Arizona and Miami-Dade County Florida by gender. Methods: 200 Latinx emerging adults residing in Arizona and Florida completed a cross-sectional survey. Inclusion criteria were being age 18-25, self-identify as Latinx, and currently living in Maricopa County or Miami-Dade County. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and moderation analyses. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between perceived and objective ethnic density (Kappa = 0.353, p < 0.001). When ethnic density was measured objectively, alcohol use severity was statistically significantly lower for individuals living in highly ethnically dense neighborhoods (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.92). However, this association was only found for women in moderation analyses. There was no statistically significant association between perceived ethnic density and alcohol use severity. Conclusion: The present study found a statistically significant decrease in alcohol use severity among Latinx emerging adults who live in highly ethnically dense neighborhoods after adjusting for covariates. Future research should investigate the potential mechanisms in which these neighborhoods protect against alcohol use severity among Latinx emerging adults.
Metal organic frameworks as adsorbents for dye adsorption: overview, prospects and future challenges

Considering the amount of colored waste water generated from many industries (textile, leather, paper, printing, dyestuff, and plastic) that are sent to various water bodies and the ecosystem, the search for efficient and better methods of purification still continues. With the recent research into metal organic frameworks (MOFs), there is a steady growing interest worldwide for their various applications. This article presents a review of MOFs, their application in dye adsorption and their various challenges and future prospects. It was concluded that with the current interest, research and development for various applications, there are possibilities which will bring to limelight more laboratory, industrial and environmental usage of MOFs as dye adsorbents.
Patterns of SATB2 and p16 reactivity aid in the distinction of atypical polypoid adenomyoma from myoinvasive endometrioid carcinoma and benign adenomyomatous polyp on endometrial sampling

Atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APAM) is an uncommon uterine lesion composed of complex endometrioid glands with frequent squamous morular metaplasia and fibromuscular stroma. On endometrial curettage, biopsy or polypectomy specimens, the admixture of endometrioid glands and smooth muscle raises the differential diagnosis of myoinvasive endometrioid carcinoma. Reproductive‐age APAM patients may opt for fertility preservation, whereas myoinvasive carcinoma is treated surgically. One previous study reported an incidental finding that the stroma of APAM, in contrast to that of other polypoid lesions, was SATB2‐positive. APAM has also been reported to show increased stromal p16 staining. We aimed to assess whether SATB2 and p16 are useful stains for the distinction of APAM from myoinvasive carcinoma and benign adenomyomatous polyps.
Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural organization of the taste thalamus of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri)

Ventroposterior medialis parvocellularis (VPMP) nucleus of the primate thalamus receives direct input from the nucleus of the solitary tract, whereas the homologous thalamic structure in the rodent does not. To reveal whether the synaptic circuitries in these nuclei lend evidence for conservation of design principles in the taste thalamus across species or across sensory thalamus in general, we characterized the ultrastructural and molecular properties of the VPMP in a close relative of primates, the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri), and compared these to known properties of the taste thalamus in rodent, and the visual thalamus in mammals. Electron microscopy analysis to categorize the synaptic inputs in the VPMP revealed that the largest‐size terminals contained many vesicles and formed large synaptic zones with thick postsynaptic density on multiple, medium‐caliber dendrite segments. Some formed triads within glomerular arrangements. Smaller‐sized terminals contained dark mitochondria; most formed a single asymmetric or symmetric synapse on small‐diameter dendrites. Immuno‐EM experiments revealed that the large‐size terminals contained VGLUT2, whereas the small‐size terminal populations contained VGLUT1 or ChAT. These findings provide evidence that the morphological and molecular characteristics of synaptic circuitry in the tree shrew VPMP are similar to that in nonchemical sensory thalamic nuclei. Furthermore, the results indicate that all primary sensory nuclei of the thalamus in higher mammals share a structural template for processing thalamocortical sensory information. In contrast, substantial morphological and molecular differences in rodent versus tree shrew taste nuclei suggest a fundamental divergence in cellular processing mechanisms of taste input in these two species.
Association between insulin resistance and aspirin or clopidogrel resistance in Chinese patients with recent ischemic stroke/TIA

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to discover whether insulin resistance is an independent predictor for antiplatelet drug resistance in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Methods: This study used a prospective cohort method. Patients diagnosed as minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were enrolled successively. All patients have been administrated aspirin and/or clopidogrel and were tested for fasting glucose and insulin and platelet aggregation inhibition tests which was detected by light transmission aggregometry (LTA). The maximum platelet aggregation rate (AA) of ≥20% or the maximum platelet aggregation rate (ADP) of ≥50% was defined as antiplatelet drug resistance. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between HOMA-IR and antiplatelet drug resistance. Results: This study recruited successively 237 patients with mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke or TIA in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from 2018 to 2019. Of them 60 cases were recognized as having insulin resistance. There are 46 patients in insulin resistance group (76.7%) developed antiplatelet drug resistance, which was significantly more frequent than patients without insulin resistance (35%, P < 0.0001). Insulin resistance was an independent risk factor for antiplatelet drug resistance in patients with recent ischemic stroke/TIA after adjusted for confounding factors (Odds Ratio 5.281; 95%CI, 2.15 to 13.01, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Insulin resistance was an independent predictor for development of antiplatelet drug resistance in patients with recent minor ischemic stroke or TIA. More attention should be paid to recognize these patients and antithrombotic effect should be monitored when antiplatelet drugs were applied to these patients.
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement in adult renal cell carcinoma with lung metastasis: a case report and literature review

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement is rare, and the genetic profiles of the tumor have not been elucidated. Here, we report a case with recurrent papillary RCC and lung metastasis after nephrectomy for nearly 7 years. The patient first received sunitinib, whereas the drug toxicity was intolerable. Combined Immunohistology (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed the patient has an ALK rearrangement, and the patient then was treated with crizotinib. The patient had good tolerance, and a partial response in the target lesions was achieved. In order to further understand the benefit of crizotinib in ALK-rearranged RCC, the patient was detected with whole exome sequencing (WES) to study her genetic profiles. Compared those of RCC cases without ALK rearrangement (nALK-RCC), the patient and nine RCC cases with ALK rearrangement (ALK-RCC) revealed unique genetic characteristics: 1) The common mutations that occurred in RCC were not found in ALK-RCC. ; 2) A total of 11 co-existing mutations in ALK-RCC were found, and they occurred in nALK-RCC at a relatively low frequency. DNMT3A mutations were concurrent with ALK fusions in our case. These findings indicated a different genetic alteration pattern of ALK-RCC from nALK-RCC. Our case demonstrated the efficacy of crizotinib in an RCC patient with ALK rearrangement.
Recurrent spontaneous coronary artery dissection

ABSTRACT Introduction: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a cause of non-atherosclerotic acute coronary syndrome and sudden cardiac death that predominantly impacts young and middle-aged women. In addition to the challenges of acute SCAD including arrhythmias, heart failure, and recurrent chest pain, de novo recurrent SCAD occurs in 5–29% of patients. Recurrent SCAD presents both a psychological burden and a significant cardiac risk to patients. Research regarding SCAD recurrence risk has been growing and can guide providers and patients alike. Areas covered: This review provides up-to-date information about many aspects of SCAD with a focus on SCAD recurrence. PubMed articles were reviewed through October 2020, with particular focus on clinical studies and original research. The resulting literature was scrutinized for information on SCAD recurrence. SCAD-associated conditions, genetic data, clinical characteristics, medications, and aspects of post-SCAD care are summarized. Expert Opinion: SCAD recurrence poses a concerning risk for patients with SCAD. Conditions such as hypertension and severe coronary tortuosity may be associated with recurrence. More research is needed to further elucidate risk factors for recurrence and clarify interventions, such as beta blocker therapy, that may reduce recurrence risk.
Rituximab – The first twenty years

It is now two decades since Rituximab was first used in the treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. There have been many challenges but in spite of failing to meet its primary endpoints in two clinical trials it is widely used for many aspects of lupus, its side-effects and the possibility that combining it with Benlysta may be of value. We also consider the proposal that it may provide a useful initial therapy. In this review, we consider the place of Rituximab in the treatment of lupus and anticipate how developments in fully-humanized anti-CD20 monoclonals may well extend the “therapeutic life” of B-cell depletion as a viable treatment option.
Protonierung von Amino‐ und Hydroxypyrimidinen NMR‐Spektren und Strukturen der Mono‐ und Dikationen

Proton-NMR. spectra of amino- and hydroxypyrimidines including biologically important bases have been measured in four solvents: CF3COOH, CF3COOHSO2, FSO3H and FSO3HSbF5–SO2 at 27° and −55°C. In CF3COOH mono-cations are formed, whereas in FSO3H and FSO3HSbF5–SO2 double protonation occurs. In each case the structures of the protonated species are derived from the chemical shifts of CH, NH and OH protons and proton-proton spin coupling constants. A combination of the measurements described leads to a complete assignment of all proton resonances of the protonated pyrimidines. This approach is also recommended for the structural determination of heterocyclic compounds.
Ultrasonography-Guided Minimally Invasive Surgery for Achilles Sleeve Avulsions

Background: Achilles sleeve avulsion, a relatively rare disorder, is characterized by sleeve-shaped injury extending from the calcaneus, located near the tendon insertion site. Unlike midsubstance tears of the Achilles tendon, end-to-end repair is difficult because less soft tissue is preserved distally. Open repair with transosseous sutures or suture anchors is currently favored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and functional outcomes of ultrasonography-guided Achilles sleeve avulsion repair. Methods: From November 2009 to April 2018, 21 patients with Achilles sleeve avulsions (mean age, 57.8 years; range, 25-82 years) who underwent repair by the same surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. The repair was achieved through a stab wound under ultrasonographic guidance. Two parallel Bunnell-type sutures were crossed over the proximal stump and tied with sutures from suture anchors fixed in the calcaneal tuberosity. Results: The mean operative time was 44 minutes, and the mean wound size was 1.5 cm. The patients were allowed to walk freely on postoperative week 6 with using high-ankle shoes. At postoperative 2 years’ follow-up, the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score significantly improved from 70.9 to 97.1 (P < .05); similarly, their 12-item Short Form Health Survey scores improved significantly (P < .05). Only 2 patients had superficial wound infections, which resolved with wound care and oral antibiotics. Conclusion: Our ultrasonography-guided surgical technique for Achilles sleeve avulsions provided excellent soft tissue visualization and availability as well as minimized the wound length to achieve good postsurgical outcomes. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Declining Use of Potentially Inappropriate Medication in People with Dementia from 2000 to 2015: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Nationwide Register-Based Study

Background: Studies have shown declining use of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM), medication where risks associated with use outweigh potential benefits in older people. However, the trend in people with dementia remains unknown. Objective: To test the hypothesis that the use of PIM has decreased in people with dementia in line with the declining use in the general older population. Methods: Repeated cross-sectional register-based study of the entire Danish population aged ≥65 years (2000: N = 802,106; 2015: N = 1,056,476). PIM was identified using the Danish “Red-yellow-green list”. Changes in the use of PIM were examined by calculating the annual prevalence of filling prescriptions for at least one PIM in older people with and without dementia. Characteristics of the study population were examined annually including comorbidity. Results: From 2000 to 2015, the prevalence of PIM use decreased from 54.7%to 43.5%in people with dementia and from 39.5%to 28.8%in people without dementia; the decrease was significant across all age groups and remained so in a sensitivity analysis where antipsychotics were removed. During the same period, comorbidity scores increased in people with and without dementia. Conclusion: The declining use of PIM in people with dementia from 2000 to 2015 parallels the trend in the general older population. The use of PIM decreased despite increasing levels of comorbidity and was not solely attributable to the decreasing use of antipsychotics in people with dementia. However, PIM use remained more widespread in people with dementia who may be more vulnerable to the risks associated with PIM.
Calmodulin/CaMKII‐γ mediates prosurvival capability in apicidin‐persistent hepatocellular carcinoma cells via ERK1/2/CREB/c‐fos signaling pathway

Calmodulin (CaM), a Ca2+ binding protein, plays a critical role in cancer initiation and progression through binding and activating numerous target proteins, including Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase (CaMK) family proteins. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of CaM/CaMKs on the survival capability of liver cancer cells is unclear, and this study investigates this mechanism in apicidin‐persistent HA22T cells. CaM level was upregulated, especially in the cytosol, in apicidin‐persistent HA22T cells than in parental HA22T cells and was positively associated with cell proliferation and migration capacity of apicidin‐persistent HA22T cells. Further, the expression of CaM‐activated CaMKs‐dependent signaling cascades, including CaMKK2, CaMKIV, CaMKII‐γ, and p‐CaMKII was observed in apicidin‐persistent HA22T cells, which were transiently activated by mitogen‐activated protein kinase oncogenic signaling, such as CREB, ERK1/2, and c‐fos. Furthermore, a specific CaM inhibitor trifluoperazine reduced the levels of p‐CREB, p‐ERK1/2, and c‐fos in apicidin‐persistent HA22T cells than in parental HA22T cells. Additionally, inhibition of CaM also suppressed CaM‐induced Bcl‐XL (an antiapoptotic protein) expression in apicidin‐persistent HA22T cells. Our finding emphasizes an essential role of CaM/CaMKs in augmentation of the survival capability of apicidin‐persistent liver cancer cells and suggests that CaM inhibition significantly attenuates CaM‐induced tumor growth and abrogates antiapoptotic function and also offers a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Determination of the Surface Properties of Illites and Kaolinites by Inverse Gas Chromatography

Abstract The surface properties of illites and kaolinites of various origins and formation conditions were measured by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at infinite dilution conditions. The value of the dispersive component of the surface energy (γds) determined by IGC is significantly higher for these clays than the γds of amorphous silicas. This is explained by the partial insertion of a very small amount of injected alkane probes into structural defects located on the border layers of the clays. The use of branched bulky alkane probes allows the evaluation of the clay's nanorugosity through the determination of a morphological index (IM). The relation between γds and surface nanorugosity (IM) confirms that the high values of γds of the clays are representative only of these particular sites of adsorption.
Mouse Ifit1b is a cap1-RNA–binding protein that inhibits mouse coronavirus translation and is regulated by complexing with Ifit1c

Knockout mouse models have been extensively used to study the antiviral activity of IFIT (interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats). Human IFIT1 binds to cap0 (m7GpppN) RNA, which lacks methylation on the first and second cap-proximal nucleotides (cap1, m7GpppNm, and cap2, m7GpppNmNm, respectively). These modifications are signatures of “self” in higher eukaryotes, whereas unmodified cap0-RNA is recognized as foreign and, therefore, potentially harmful to the host cell. IFIT1 inhibits translation at the initiation stage by competing with the cap-binding initiation factor complex, eIF4F, restricting infection by certain viruses that possess “nonself” cap0-mRNAs. However, in mice and other rodents, the IFIT1 orthologue has been lost, and the closely related Ifit1b has been duplicated twice, yielding three paralogues: Ifit1, Ifit1b, and Ifit1c. Although murine Ifit1 is similar to human IFIT1 in its cap0-RNA–binding selectivity, the roles of Ifit1b and Ifit1c are unknown. Here, we found that Ifit1b preferentially binds to cap1-RNA, whereas binding is much weaker to cap0- and cap2-RNA. In murine cells, we show that Ifit1b can modulate host translation and restrict WT mouse coronavirus infection. We found that Ifit1c acts as a stimulatory cofactor for both Ifit1 and Ifit1b, promoting their translation inhibition. In this way, Ifit1c acts in an analogous fashion to human IFIT3, which is a cofactor to human IFIT1. This work clarifies similarities and differences between the human and murine IFIT families to facilitate better design and interpretation of mouse models of human infection and sheds light on the evolutionary plasticity of the IFIT family.
Influence of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin transporters on the pharmacogenetics of Atremorine in Parkinson's disease

Atremorine is a potent dopamine (DA) enhancer obtained by nondenaturing biotechnological processes from a genetic species of Vicia faba. Atremorine affects the neuronal dopaminergic system by acting as a neuroprotective agent against Parkinson's disease (PD). PD patients (N = 127) responded to a single dose of Atremorine (5 g, p.o.) 1 h after administration in a sex‐, time‐, dose‐, and genotype‐dependent fashion. Drug‐free patients (N = 81) showed an increase in DA levels from 12.14 ± 0.34 pg/ml to 6463.21 ± 1306.90 pg/ml; and patients chronically treated with anti‐PD drugs (N = 46) showed an increase in DA levels from 1321.53 ± 389.94 pg/ml to 16,028.54 ± 4783.98 pg/ml, indicating that Atremorine potentiates the dopaminergic effect of conventional anti‐PD drugs. The variability in Atremorine‐induced DA response is strongly attributable to pharmacogenetic factors. Polymorphic variants in pathogenic, mechanistic, metabolic, transporter, and pleiotropic genes influence the DA response to Atremorine. Genetic variation in the DA (SLC6A3; rs460000), noradrenaline (NA) (SLC6A2; rs12708954, rs3785143, rs5569), and serotonin (5‐HT) transporter (SLC6A4; rs2020934, rs2020936, rs4251417, rs6354) genes exert a genotype‐dependent Atremorine‐induced DA response in PD, with potential impact on the DA‐related pharmacogenetic outcome and minimum effects on NA and 5‐HT levels.
Co‐occurrence of idiopathic normal‐pressure hydrocephalus‐like magnetic resonance imaging features in progressive supranuclear palsy

I read with great interest the article by Ohara et al. [1] in which they found that progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients develop idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH)-like MRI features, more than other neurodegenerative diseases. I appreciate the authors for conducting such an original study; however, I would like to make some comments for a better understanding of the report and present some crucial perspectives.