Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Somatostatin, Cortistatin and Their Receptors Exert Antitumor Actions in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells: Critical Role of Endogenous Cortistatin

Somatostatin (SST), cortistatin (CORT), and their receptors (SSTR1-5/sst5TMD4-TMD5) comprise a multifactorial hormonal system involved in the regulation of numerous pathophysiological processes. Certain components of this system are dysregulated and play critical roles in the development/progression of different endocrine-related cancers. However, the presence and therapeutic role of this regulatory system in prostate cancer (PCa) remain poorly explored. Accordingly, we performed functional (proliferation/migration/colonies-formation) and mechanistic (Western-blot/qPCR/microfluidic-based qPCR-array) assays in response to SST and CORT treatments and CORT-silencing (using specific siRNA) in different PCa cell models [androgen-dependent (AD): LNCaP; androgen-independent (AI)/castration-resistant PCa (CRPC): 22Rv1 and PC-3], and/or in the normal-like prostate cell-line RWPE-1. Moreover, the expression of SST/CORT system components was analyzed in PCa samples from two different patient cohorts [internal (n = 69); external (Grasso, n = 88)]. SST and CORT treatment inhibited key functional/aggressiveness parameters only in AI-PCa cells. Mechanistically, antitumor capacity of SST/CORT was associated with the modulation of oncogenic signaling pathways (AKT/JNK), and with the significant down-regulation of critical genes involved in proliferation/migration and PCa-aggressiveness (e.g., MKI67/MMP9/EGF). Interestingly, CORT was highly expressed, while SST was not detected, in all prostate cell-lines analyzed. Consistently, endogenous CORT was overexpressed in PCa samples (compared with benign-prostatic-hyperplasia) and correlated with key clinical (i.e., metastasis) and molecular (i.e., SSTR2/SSTR5 expression) parameters. Remarkably, CORT-silencing drastically enhanced proliferation rate and blunted the antitumor activity of SST-analogues (octreotide/pasireotide) in AI-PCa cells. Altogether, we provide evidence that SST/CORT system and SST-analogues could represent a potential therapeutic option for PCa, especially for CRPC, and that endogenous CORT could act as an autocrine/paracrine regulator of PCa progression.
A Planetary Companion to the G-Type Giant Star HD 104985

We report the detection of a planetary-mass companion to the G9 III giant star HD 104985 from precise Doppler velocity measurements made using the High Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph (HIDES) at Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. The radial velocity variability of this star is best explained by an orbital motion with a period of 198.2 ± 0.3 days, a velocity semiamplitude of 161 ± 2 m s-1, and an eccentricity of 0.03 ± 0.02. Assuming a stellar mass of 1.6 M☉, we obtained a minimum mass and a semimajor axis of 6.3MJ and 0.78 AU, respectively, for the companion. A probable upper limit to the stellar mass of 3 M☉ yielded m2 sin i = 9.6MJ, which falls in the planetary-mass regime. This is the first discovery of a planetary companion orbiting a G-type giant star.
Scaling Relations of Mass, Velocity, and Radius for Disk Galaxies

I demonstrate four tight correlations of total baryonic mass, velocity, and radius for a set of nearby disk galaxies: the mass–velocity relation the mass–radius relation ; the radius–velocity relation and the mass–radius–velocity relation . The mass–velocity relation is the familiar Baryonic Tully–Fisher relation, and versions of the other three relations, using magnitude rather than baryonic mass, are also well known. These four observed correlations follow from a pair of more fundamental relations. First, the centripetal acceleration at the edge of the stellar disk is proportional to the acceleration predicted by Newtonian physics, and second, this acceleration is a constant that is related to Milgrom’s constant. The two primary relations can be manipulated algebraically to generate the four observed correlations and allow little room for dark matter inside the radius of the stellar disk. The primary relations do not explain the velocity of the outer gaseous disks of spiral galaxies, which do not trace the Newtonian gravitational field of the observed matter.
Radial Acceleration Relation between Baryons and Dark or Phantom Matter in the Supercritical Acceleration Regime of Nearly Spherical Galaxies

The central regions of nearby elliptical galaxies are dominated by baryons (stars) and provide interesting laboratories for studying the radial acceleration relation (RAR). We carry out exploratory analyses and discuss the possibility of constraining the RAR in the supercritical acceleration range (10−9.5, 10−8) m s−2 by using a sample of nearly round pure-bulge (spheroidal, dispersion-dominated) galaxies. This sample includes 24 ATLAS3D galaxies and 4201 SDSS galaxies, and covers a wide range of masses, sizes, and luminosity density profiles. We consider a range of current possibilities for the stellar mass-to-light ratio (M⋆/L), its gradient, and dark or phantom matter (DM/PM) halo profiles. We obtain the probability density functions (PDFs) of the parameters of the considered models via Bayesian inference based on spherical Jeans Monte Carlo modeling of the observed velocity dispersions. We then constrain the DM/PM-to-baryon acceleration ratio aX/aB from the PDFs. Unless we ignore observed radial gradients in M⋆/L, or assume unreasonably strong gradients, marginalization over nuisance factors suggests with p = −1.00 ± 0.03 (stat) (sys) and q = −1.02 ± 0.09 (stat) (sys) around a supercritical acceleration a+1 ≡ 1.2 × 10−9 m s−2. In the context of the ΛCDM paradigm, this RAR suggests that the NFW DM halo profile is a reasonable description of galactic halos even after the processes of galaxy formation and evolution. In the context of the MOND paradigm, this RAR favors the “Simple” interpolating function but is inconsistent with the vast majority of other theoretical proposals and fitting functions motivated mainly by subcritical acceleration data.
X-Ray-emitting Atmospheres of B2 Radio Galaxies

We report ROSAT PSPC spatial and spectral analyses of the eight B2 radio galaxies NGC 315, NGC 326, 4C 35.03, B2 0326+39, NGC 2484, B2 1040+31, B2 1855+37, and 3C 449, expected to be representative of the class of low-power radio galaxies. Multiple X-ray components are present in each, and the gas components have a wide range of linear sizes and follow an extrapolation of the cluster X-ray luminosity/temperature correlation, implying that there is no relationship between the presence of a radio galaxy and the gas fraction of the environment. No large-scale cooling flows are found. There is no correlation of radio-galaxy size with the scale or density of the X-ray atmosphere. This suggests that processes on scales smaller than those of the overall gaseous environments are the major influence on radio-source dynamics. The intergalactic medium is usually sufficient to confine the outer parts of the radio structures, in some cases even to within 5 kpc of the core. In the case of NGC 315, an extrapolation suggests that the pressure of the atmosphere may match the minimum pressure in the radio source over a factor of ~40 in linear size (a factor of ~1600 in pressure).
Semiclassical electron transport at the edge of a 2D topological insulator

We study electron transport at the edge of a generic disordered two-dimensional topological insulator, where some channels are topologically protected from backscattering. Assuming the total number of channels is large, one can consider the edge as a quasi-one-dimensional quantum wire and describe it in terms of a non-linear sigma model with a topological term. Neglecting localization effects, we calculate the average distribution function of transmission probabilities as a function of the sample length. We mainly focus on the two experimentally relevant cases: a junction between two quantum Hall (QH) states with different filling factors and a relatively thick quantum well exhibiting quantum spin-Hall (QSH) effect. In a QH sample, the presence of topologically protected modes leads to a strong suppression of diffusion in the other channels already at the scales much shorter than the localization length. On the semiclassical level, this is accompanied by the formation of a gap in the spectrum of transmission probabilities close to unit transmission, thereby suppressing shot noise and conductance fluctuations. In the case of a QSH system, there is at most one topologically protected edge channel leading to weaker transport effects. In order to describe `topological' suppression of nearly perfect transparencies, we develop an exact mapping of the semiclassical limit of the one-dimensional sigma model onto a zero-dimensional sigma model of a different symmetry class, allowing us to identify the distribution of transmission probabilities with the average spectral density of a certain random-matrix ensemble. We extend our results to other symmetry classes with topologically protected edges in two dimensions.
FAPNET: Feature Fusion with Adaptive Patch for Flood-Water Detection and Monitoring

In satellite remote sensing applications, waterbody segmentation plays an essential role in mapping and monitoring the dynamics of surface water. Satellite image segmentation—examining a relevant sensor data spectrum and identifying the regions of interests to obtain improved performance—is a fundamental step in satellite data analytics. Satellite image segmentation is challenging for a number of reasons, which include cloud interference, inadequate label data, low lighting and the presence of terrain. In recent years, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), combined with (satellite captured) multispectral image segmentation techniques, have led to promising advances in related research. However, ensuring sufficient image resolution, maintaining class balance to achieve prediction quality and reducing the computational overhead of the deep neural architecture are still open to research due to the sophisticated CNN hierarchical architectures. To address these issues, we propose a number of methods: a multi-channel Data-Fusion Module (DFM), Neural Adaptive Patch (NAP) augmentation algorithm and re-weight class balancing (implemented in our PHR-CB experimental setup). We integrated these techniques into our novel Fusion Adaptive Patch Network (FAPNET). Our dataset is the Sentinel-1 SAR microwave signal, used in the Microsoft Artificial Intelligence for Earth competition, so that we can compare our results with the top scores in the competition. In order to validate our approach, we designed four experimental setups and in each setup, we compared our results with the popular image segmentation models UNET, VNET, DNCNN, UNET++, U2NET, ATTUNET, FPN and LINKNET. The comparisons demonstrate that our PHR-CB setup, with class balance, generates the best performance for all models in general and our FAPNET approach outperforms relative works. FAPNET successfully detected the salient features from the satellite images. FAPNET with a MeanIoU score of 87.06% outperforms the state-of-the-art UNET, which has a score of 79.54%. In addition, FAPNET has a shorter training time than other models, comparable to that of UNET (6.77 min for 5 epochs). Qualitative analysis also reveals that our FAPNET model successfully distinguishes micro waterbodies better than existing models. FAPNET is more robust to low lighting, cloud and weather fluctuations and can also be used in RGB images. Our proposed method is lightweight, computationally inexpensive, robust and simple to deploy in industrial applications. Our research findings show that flood-water mapping is more accurate when using SAR signals than RGB images. Our FAPNET architecture, having less parameters than UNET, can distinguish micro waterbodies accurately with shorter training time.
Use of dopants for detection of vapors of explosives by laser field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometer

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) today figures prominently among analytical methods for detection of explosives and is widely used for transport security. This method is highly appreciated for capability to distinguish low quantity of different types of explosives at atmospheric pressure. The main obstacle for sensing some kinds of explosives is their very low vapor pressure so that the limit of detection of state-of-the-art IMS instrumentation 10-13 –10-14 g/cm3 lacks at least an order of magnitude. In this paper we combine promising UV laser radiation along with application of organic compounds (dopants) to improve ionization efficiency and vapor detection capabilities of IMS. Dopants with low ionization energy (toluene and 1-methylnaphtalene) were used for negative ion formation of nitro group-based explosives: trinitrotoluene (TNT), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Presence of dopants in the sample results in multiple growth of ion yield at laser intensities lower than 2 × 107 W/cm2. Limits of detection with dopant-assisted laser ionization (4.7 × 10-16 g/cm3 for RDX and 9.8 × 10-15 g/cm3 for PETN) show up to 2-fold improvement compared with no dopant case. Results propose a way to further improve sensitivity of detectors and reduce manufacturing costs by lowering requirements to laser pulse energy and using cheaper lasers.
Mapping the Milky Way with LAMOST – II. The stellar halo

The radial number density and flattening of the Milky Way's stellar halo is measured with $\mathrm{5351}$ metal-poor ([Fe/H]$<-1$) K giants from LAMOST DR3, using a nonparametric method which is model independent and largely avoids the influence of halo substucture. The number density profile is well described by a single power law with index $5.03^{+0.64}_{-0.64}$, and flattening that varies with radius. The stellar halo traced by LAMOST K giants is more flattened at smaller radii, and becomes nearly spherical at larger radii. The flattening, $q$, is about 0.64, 0.8, 0.96 at $r=15$, 20 and 30 kpc (where $r=\sqrt{R^2+\left[Z/q\left(r\right)\right]^2}$), respectively. Moreover, the leading arm of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy tidal stream in the north, and the trailing arm in the south, are significant in the residual map of density distribution. In addition, an unknown overdensity is identified in the residual map at (R,Z)=(30,15) kpc.
Algorithmes de reconstruction pour le systeme cacao camera a collimation assistee par ordinateur

Le concept cacao a ete introduit pour ameliorer la resolution et la sensibilite des gamma cameras. Ce projet associe : un collimateur a trous plus grands que la resolution intrinseque du detecteur, un codage par deplacement lineaire et un programme de reconstruction dependant de l'eloignement de la source. Les methodes de reconstruction iteratives classiques appliquees aux acquisitions cacao sont trop lentes. Nous avons developpe une methode utilisant la transformee de fourier. Cette methode se decompose en 3 phases : sommation-decalage, deconvolution-filtrage et rotation-sommation. La sommation decalage est un rearrangement des donnees pour trouver une relation de convolution, i. E. Conditionner le systeme en une matrice bloc toeplitz. La deconvolution s'effectue dans l'espace de fourier. Pour eviter les ecueils bien connus de la deconvolution par transformee de fourier, des acquisitions provenant de trous de differentes tailles sont utilisees. Seules les composantes de plus grand module sont choisies pour la deconvolution. Un filtre parabolique remplace ici le filtre rampe de la reconstruction tomographique classique. Les etapes du traitement sont illustrees a partir de simulations digitales d'acquisitions. L'efficacite du traitement est mesuree par l'evolution du rapport signal sur bruit a travers l'algorithme. Cette efficacite est appreciee avec le temps de calcul.
Rethinking British sport history for a decolonising present: confronting thingification and redaction

ABSTRACT The Empire’s subaltern peoples and its justification in coloniality are strangely absent from British sport history, despite a key strand of the field being grounded in links between Empire, masculinity and sport: in this the subject reflects gaps and silences in British social history more generally. This paper that is both theoretical and historiographical explores this absence and considers ways that it might be addressed. It first sketches the coloniality of sport history as epistemology and ontology through an exploration of the field’s methodological national whiteness as redacting the agency and voice (past and present) of Indigenous and colonial subaltern peoples and implicating sport history in a continuing Imperial Archive. Although necessarily broad brush the paper concludes by examining aspects of the field that disrupt methodological nationalism and methodological whiteness to suggest ways of rethinking and recasting historians’ practice to suggest decolonial methods for British sport history that rupture in analyses of sport the constraints of the nation as anachronism and Whiteness as a fundamental characteristic of British history.
Ground states for nonlinear fractional Choquard equations with general nonlinearities

We study the existence of ground states for the nonlinear Choquard equation driven by fractional Laplacian: (−Δ)su+u=|x|−μ∗F(u)f(u)inRN, where the nonlinearity satisfies the general Berestycki–Lions‐type assumptions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a Simple Fabrication Method for Magnetic Micro Stir Bars and Induction of Rotational Motion in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

A magnetic micro stirrer bar (MMSB) is used in the mixing operation of microfluidic devices. We have established a low-cost and easy method to make MMSBs using magnetic (neodymium magnets, magnet sheets) or non-magnetic powders (SUS304) as materials. We demonstrated three kinds of MMSB have respective advantages. To confirm the practical use of this MMSB, a cell suspension of the motile unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was stirred in microwells. As a result, the number of rotating cells increased with only one of the two flagella mechanically removed by the shear force of the rotating bar, which facilitates the kinetic analysis of the flagellar motion of the cell. The rotational motion of the monoflagellate cell was modeled as translational (orbital) + spinning motion of a sphere in a viscous fluid and the driving force per flagellum was confirmed to be consistent with previous literature. Since the present method does not use genetic manipulations or chemicals to remove a flagellum, it is possible to obtain cells in a more naturally viable state quickly and easily than before. However, since the components eluted from the powder material harm the health of cells, it was suggested that MMSB coated with resin for long-term use would be suitable for more diverse applications.
Peculiar velocity decomposition, redshift space distortion, and velocity reconstruction in redshift surveys. II. Dark matter velocity statistics

Massive spectroscopic redshift surveys open a promising window to accurately measure peculiar velocity at cosmological distances through redshift space distortion (RSD). In Paper I Zhang et al. [Phys. Rev. D 87, 063526 (2013)] of this series of work, we proposed decomposing peculiar velocity into three eigenmodes (${\mathbf{v}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}}$, ${\mathbf{v}}_{S}$, and ${\mathbf{v}}_{B}$) in order to facilitate the RSD modeling and peculiar velocity reconstruction. In the current paper we measure the dark matter RSD-related statistics of the velocity eigenmodes through a set of N-body simulations. These statistics include the velocity power spectra, correlation functions, one-point probability distribution functions, cumulants, and the damping functions describing the Finger of God effect. We have carried out a number of tests to quantify possible numerical artifacts in these measurements and have confirmed that these numerical artifacts are under control. Our major findings are as follows: (1) The power spectrum measurement shows that these velocity components have distinctly different spatial distribution and redshift evolution, consistent with predictions in Paper I. In particular, we measure the window function $\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{W}(k,z)$. $\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{W}$ describes the impact of nonlinear evolution on the ${\mathbf{v}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}}$-density relation. We confirm that the approximation $\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{W}=1$ can induce a significant systematic error of $O(10%)$ in RSD cosmology. We demonstrate that $\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{W}$ can be accurately described by a simple fitting formula with one or two free parameters. (2) The correlation function measurement shows that the correlation length is $O(100)$, $O(10)$, and $O(1)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Mpc}$ for ${\mathbf{v}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}}$, ${\mathbf{v}}_{S}$, and ${\mathbf{v}}_{B}$, respectively. These correlation lengths determine where we can treat the velocity fields as spatially uncorrelated. Hence, they are important properties in RSD modeling. (3) The velocity probability distribution functions and cumulants quantify non-Gaussianities of the velocity fields. We confirm speculation in Paper I that ${\mathbf{v}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}}$ is largely Gaussian, but with non-negligible non-Gaussianity. We confirm that ${\mathbf{v}}_{B}$ is significantly non-Gaussian. We also measure the damping functions. Despite the observed non-Gaussianities, the damping functions and hence the Finger of God effect are all well approximated as Gaussian ones at scales of interest.
Post-common envelope binary stars, radiative levitation, and blue large-amplitude pulsators

Following the discovery of blue large-amplitude pulsators (BLAPs), single star evolu- tion models of post red giant branch stars that have undergone a common envelope (CE) ejection in the form of a high mass loss rate have been constructed and analysed for pulsation stability. The effects of atomic diffusion, particularly radiative levitation, have been examined. Two principal models were considered, being post-CE stars of 0.31 and 0.46 M$_{\odot}$. Such stars are likely, in turn, to become either low-mass helium white dwarfs or core helium-burning extreme horizontal-branch stars. The inclusion of radiative levitation leads to opacity driven pulsations in both types of post-CE object when their effective temperatures are comparable to those of BLAPs, with similar periods. The extent of the instability region for models in these simulations, which are not in thermal balance, is larger than that found for static models, in agreement with previous theory. By comparing to observations, and making some simple evolutionary assumptions, we conclude the 0.31 M$_{\odot}$ star is the more likely candidate for BLAPs. The rate of period change is negative for both cases, so the origin of BLAPs with positive rates of period change remain uncertain.