Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Urate-Lowering Therapy Use among US Adults with Gout and the Relationship between Patients’ Gout Treatment Status and Associated Comorbidities

Gout is one of the most common inflammatory conditions with a growing global prevalence. Individuals with gout are at higher risk of developing chronic conditions, such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the association between urate-lowering therapy (ULT) use and the prevalence of these conditions was evaluated. This observational cross-sectional pharmacoepidemiologic study used the 2013–2018 biannual cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The inclusion criteria were adults that were 30 years of age or older that had a diagnosis of gout. The association between patients’ ULT treatment status and dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease was evaluated as well as its association with select clinical laboratory biomarkers. The prevalence of ULT use was 28.9% (95% CI 24.3–33.9%). Those receiving ULT had a higher prevalence of CKD diagnoses, of a college graduate or higher and of health insurance coverage, and they were older obese males. There was no significant association between ULT use and the prevalence of heart failure, coronary heart disease, hypertension, or dyslipidemia (p > 0.05). Those receiving ULT had lower high-sensitivity c-reactive protein levels compared to those who were not on treatment (4.74 versus 7.21 mg/L, p = 0.044). LDL and total cholesterol were significantly lower among those receiving ULT treatment (p < 0.05). ULT use continues to be low among US individuals diagnosed with gout. Socioeconomic factors may influence patients’ ULT treatment status. Also, gout risk factors, including obesity, male sex, and CKD, are associated with receiving ULT. While our findings may have reflected the guideline recommendations for ULT use in CKD patients, worsening kidney functions while receiving ULT is unlikely. Gout patients receiving ULT may garner added health benefits beyond lower urate levels. Further research is necessary to determine the long-term impact of ULTs on lipid fractions, kidney functions, and other cardiovascular biomarkers.
Effect of in-situ recycling of sugarcane crop residues and its industrial wastes on different soil carbon pools under soybean (Glycine max) - maize (Zea mays) system

A field experiment was conducted during summer 2011-12 at MPKV Farm, Rahuri to evaluate the effect of in-situ recycling of sugarcane crop residues and its industrial wastes on soil organic C fractions like labile carbon, microbial biomass C, particulate organic C, KMnO4 extractable C, physically protected particulate organic matter carbon (POMC) and significantly improved water stable aggregates in the cultivated soil under maize (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] system. The active carbon pools like soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), water soluble carbohydrates (WHC) and acid hydrolysable carbon (AHC) was significantly improved in the treatment receiving 100% recommended dose of fertilizer along with in-situ compost of crop residues, press mud cake and methanated spent wash compost compared to burning of residues. Application of in-situ sugarcane residues with pressmud incorporation retainedabout19.6%, 38.8% and 33% more amount of total organic carbon (TOC), SMBC, AHC respectively, over burning of sugarcane crop residues and removal of stubbles after harvest of maize. The mean values of WSC (43 mg/kg) and the physically protected carbon, i.e. POMC (2014 mg/kg) were greater by 47% and 6.6% respectively, in the treatment (T7) receiving in-situ residue decomposition of sugarcane crop residues in combination with equal proportion (50%) of press mud cake and biomethanated spent wash over the burning of sugarcane crop residues and removal of stubbles after harvest of maize. After harvest of maize the maximum recalcitrant fraction (humic acid) of carbon was observed in the treatment T7 (in-situ decomposition of sugarcane crop residues + 50% press-mud cake + 50% biomethenated spent wash). This study clearly indicated that resistant fraction of carbon might be accumulated more where decomposed organic matter was applied regularly. It clearly indicated that application of in-situ decomposed residues and by-products of industrial waste in combination with NPK enhanced the below and above ground biomass production, SOC stock and carbon pools.
Dispersion due to molecular diffusion and macroscopic mixing in flow through a network of capillaries

This paper is concerned with the dispersion of a material quantity in the steady flow of a viscous fluid through a random network of capillaries (which is a useful model of a porous medium), for the case in which molecular diffusion and macroscopic mixing, due to the randomness of the streamlines, are both important. A Lagrangian correlation function is introduced and the longitudinal and lateral effective diffusivities are thereby calculated for all values of Ul/κ less than some large value. Here, l denotes the length of a capillary, U the mean velocity of the fluid, and κ the molecular diffusivity of the material quantity. The theory is compared with experimental observations of dispersion in flow through granular beds.
Regional heat transfer in two-pass and three-pass passages with 180-deg sharp turns

The heat transfer distributions for flow passing through two-pass (one-turn) and three-pass (two-turn) passages with 180-deg sharp turns are studied by using the analogous naphthalene mass transfer technique. Both passages have square cross section and length-to-height ratio of 8. The passage surface, including top wall, side walls, and partition walls, is divided into 26 segments for the two-pass passage and 40 segments for the three-pass passage. Mass transfer results are presented for each segment along with regional and overall averages. The very nonuniform mass transfer coefficients measured around a sharp 180-deg turn exhibit the effects of flow separation, reattachment, and impingement, in addition to secondary flows. Results for the three-pass passage indicate that heat transfer characteristics around the second turn are virtually the same as those around the first turn. This may imply that, in a multiple-pass passage, heat transfer at the first turn has already reached the thermally developed (periodic) condition. Over the entire two-pass passage, the heat transfer enhancement induced by the single-turn is about 45 to 65% of the fully developed values in a straight channel. Such as heat transfer enhancement decreases with an increase in Reynolds number. In addition, overall heat transfer of three-pass passage ismore » approximately 15% higher than that of the two-pass one. This 15% increase appears to be Reynolds number independent. The pressure loss induced by the sharp turns is found to be very significant. Within the present testing range, the pressure loss coefficient for both passages is Reynolds number dependent. « less
Information structural effects in processing contrastive ellipsis: Eye-tracking evidence from a flexible word order language

Previous experimental work on the processing of clausal ellipsis with contrastive remnants shows a Locality preference – DP remnants are preferentially paired with the most recently encountered DP correlate in the antecedent clause, even in the presence of contrastive prosody or semantic bias favouring a non-local correlate. The Locality effect has been argued to arise from the language processor consulting (default) information-structural representations when pairing remnants and correlates, yet direct evidence for the information structure hypothesis for Locality has been difficult to obtain. Estonian is a flexible word order language that optionally marks Contrastive Topics (CTs) syntactically, while allowing for the linear distance between a CT subject correlate and remnant to be held constant, in order to rule out a Recency explanation for the Locality effect. In an eye-tracking during reading experiment with case-disambiguated subject and object remnants in Estonian, we see asymmetries in the Locality preference (i.e. object advantage) following canonical Verb-second antecedent clauses and subject CT-marking Verb-third clauses. This provides novel evidence for fine-grained information-structural representations guiding the processing of contrastive ellipsis.
Capabilities of Furlable Solar Sails for Asteroid Proximity Operations

Missions have beenproposed inwhich a spacecraft equippedwith a large furlable solar sail transfers to amain-belt asteroid using the fully deployed sail for propulsion and then performs an inspectionmission at the asteroid with the sail fully stowed. This paper examinesways inwhich the partially deployed sail could insteadbe used tomaneuver the spacecraft while in the vicinity of the asteroid,with the goal of improving the science observations that could bemade. Methods are presented for quantifying the performance that can be obtained by taking advantage of the freedom to select the active sail area for two types of hovering problems: one in which the spacecraft is to maintain a fixed position in the rotating sun–asteroid frame and the other in which it is to maintain a fixed position relative to a landmark on the rotating asteroid surface. In both of these problems, the ability to adjust the active sail area greatly expands the range of locations at which the spacecraft can satisfy the specified hover conditions.
Relationship between three discrete-time H ∞ algebraic Riccati equation solutions

This paper presents a proof of a connection between the strong solutions to three algebraic Riccati equations which are associated with the solution of a discrete-time H ∞-optimal control problem. Of these solutions, denoted X∞, Y∞" and Z∞, two parametrize a generator of all γ-suboptimal output-feedback controllers and one is associated with a dual state-feedback problem. The relationship is proved by establishing the existence of a similarity transformation between two symplectic matrix pencils which are associated with two of the Riccati equations. A similar result is known to exist in the continuous-time setting.
Effects of Perspective Taking and Values Consistency in Reducing Implicit Racial Bias

The current study explored the effect of perspective taking and values consistency tasks on reducing implicit racial bias. Using a repeated measures design with a control group, 39 participants, 20 female and 19 males aged from 18-54 years, who identified as White were administered the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure. All participants in the experimental group (n = 19) and control group (n = 20) completed the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire, Modified Modern Racism Scale, Valuing Questionnaire, and a Likert scale. Experimental group participants completed brief values consistency and perspective taking tasks, whereas the control group completed a guided task. A 2 x 4 mixed repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to determine if there was interaction effect between group and trial types and a MANOVA to identify differences in the explicit measures between both groups. Results showed that after the values work and perspective taking exercises, participants in the experimental group recorded shorter mean responses for Inconsistent-Black trial blocks versus Consistent-Black trial blocks compared to the control group. Additionally, a statistically significant impact for interaction between condition and trial type was found for the Consistent-White trial type in the experimental group. Recommendations for future research are presented.
Differential Modulation of Human M1 and M2 Macrophage Activity by ICOS-Mediated ICOSL Triggering

Activated T cells express the inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) that, upon binding to its ubiquitously expressed ligand (ICOSL), regulates the immune response and tissue repair. We sought to determine the effect of ICOS:ICOSL interaction on human M1 and M2 macrophages. M1 and M2 macrophages were polarized from monocyte-derived macrophages, and the effect of a soluble recombinant form of ICOS (ICOS-CH3) was assessed on cytokine production and cell migration. We show that ICOS-CH3 treatment increased the secretion of CCL3 and CCL4 in resting M1 and M2 cells. In LPS-treated M1 cells, ICOS-CH3 inhibited the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and CCL4, while it increased that of IL-23. In contrast, M2 cells treated with LPS + IL4 displayed enhanced secretion of IL-6, IL-10, CCL3 and CCL4. In CCL7- or osteopontin-treated M1 cells, ICOS-CH3 boosted the migration rate of M1 cells while it decreased that of M2 cells. Finally, β-Pix expression was upregulated in M1 cells and downregulated in M2 cells by treatment with ICOS-CH3. These findings suggest that ICOSL activation modulates the activity of human M1 and M2 cells, thereby eliciting an overall anti-inflammatory effect consistent with its role in promoting tissue repair.
A Study of Flare-associated X-Ray Plasma Ejections. III. Kinematic Properties

In this study, we have investigated the kinematic properties of flare-associated X-ray plasma ejections. First, we obtained the speed profiles of well-observed several events and compared them with the GOES soft X-ray flux profiles as well as the HXT hard X-ray flux profiles of their associated flares. Second, we have estimated the Alfvén speed at the observing height of X-ray plasma ejections in order to find whether the X-ray plasma ejection is a reconnection outflow as predicted by standard magnetic reconnection model. Finally, we have estimated the representative speeds of all 137 X-ray plasma ejections and then compared them with the speeds of the coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Our main results are as follows: (1) X-ray plasma ejections usually initially accelerate and then constantly propagate or slowly decelerate; (2) for several well-observed examples, the speed profiles of X-ray plasma ejections are similar to those of the hard X-ray emission profiles; (3) the speed of an X-ray plasma ejection ranges from 30 to 1300 km s-1, with a mean speed of 230 km s-1, and the speed of a CME ranges from 150 to 2000 km s-1 with a mean value of 530 km s -1; (4) there is no statistical correlation between the speeds of X-ray plasma ejections and the corresponding CME speeds; (5) an X-ray plasma ejection seems to have a much shorter acceleration duration (less than 10 minutes) than that of a CME (larger than 30 minutes). On the basis of these results, we suggest that the majority of X-ray plasma ejections are not likely to be the X-ray counterpart of CMEs but outflows generated by magnetic reconnection, at least from the kinematical point of view.
Lung Diseases Detection Using Various Deep Learning Algorithms

The primary objective of this proposed framework work is to detect and classify various lung diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and lung cancer from standard X-ray images and Computerized Tomography (CT) scan images with the help of volume datasets. We implemented three deep learning models namely Sequential, Functional & Transfer models and trained them on open-source training datasets. To augment the patient's treatment, deep learning techniques are promising and successful domains that extend the machine learning domain where CNNs are trained to extract features and offers great potential from datasets of images in biomedical application. Our primary aim is to validate our models as a new direction to address the problem on the datasets and then to compare their performance with other existing models. Our models were able to reach higher levels of accuracy for possible solutions and provide effectiveness to humankind for faster detection of diseases and serve as best performing models. The conventional networks have poor performance for tilted, rotated, and other abnormal orientation and have poor learning framework. The results demonstrated that the proposed framework with a sequential model outperforms other existing methods in terms of an F1 score of 98.55%, accuracy of 98.43%, recall of 96.33% for pneumonia and for tuberculosis F1 score of 97.99%, accuracy of 99.4%, and recall of 98.88%. In addition, the functional model for cancer outperformed with an accuracy of 99.9% and specificity of 99.89% and paves way to less number of trained parameters, leading to less computational overhead and less expensive than existing pretrained models. In our work, we implemented a state-of-the art CNN with various models to classify lung diseases accurately.
Inverse scattering theory of the heat equation for a perturbed one-soliton potential

The inverse scattering theory of the heat equation is developed for a special subclass of potentials nondecaying at space infinity—perturbations of the one-soliton potential by means of decaying two-dimensional functions. Extended resolvent, Green’s functions, and Jost solutions are introduced and their properties are investigated in detail. The singularity structure of the spectral data is given and then the inverse problem is formulated in an exact distributional sense.
Single-degree-of-freedom approach to incorporate axial load effects on pressure impulse curves for steel columns

AbstractIn this paper, the moment-curvature behavior of a steel column under constant axial loading is implemented into a computationally efficient one-dimensional finite-element approach, utilizing Timoshenko beam theory, to determine the dynamic response of steel columns subjected to blasts. Then, a new single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) approach is provided for determining pressure impulse curves for steel columns under constant axial loading. This SDOF approach relies on the newly defined concept of the reduced resistance-deflection function to accurately simulate the PΔ effects and the global instability failure mechanism, which are both caused by the axial load. The aforementioned finite-element approach is then used to thoroughly validate the newly proposed SDOF approach for deriving pressure impulse curves. It is shown that, despite the inherent simplicity of the approach, the newly proposed SDOF approach provides accurate and reliable results.
Experimental investigation of the statistical distribution of single atoms in cavity quantum electrodynamics

The Hanbury Brown–Twiss experiment for a beam of photons or atoms can be performed using counting experiments. We present the statistical distribution of single 133Cs atoms detected by a high finesse microcavity, which acts as a point-like single-atom counter. The distribution of the arrival times of the atoms and the correlation between the atoms was obtained based on the full counting statistics of the beam emitted from the cavity. The bunching behavior of the thermal atomic beams is clearly observable using this type of atom–cavity system. The correlation between the cesium atoms depends on the temperature of the atom cloud, and the corresponding parameters may be found by fitting an experimentally measured curve using the theory of multimode thermal light.
Augmented Planewave Methods

Methods descending from the augmented planewave (APW) method are among the most accurate used in electronic structure calculations. Here several widely used schemes to linearise the secular equation are compiled. These are the linearised augmented planewave (LAPW) method with extensions of the basis set by localised orbitals and the so-called APW + lo method. Some examples highlight the advantages and shortcomings of different approaches.
Interval-class and Order of Presentation Affect Interval Discrimination

Abstract This study examined the connection between the concept interval-class (IC) and aural estimations of intervals. Sequences of five piano-sound or Shepard-tone intervals were used. In each sequence four intervals represented one IC (the context) and one interval represented another IC (the deviant). The participants (N = 36) were asked to select one interval deviating from the other intervals of the sequence. The participants responded according to IC more often when the intervals were played with Shepard tones (average 57.2%) than with piano sounds (30.5%). With piano-sound intervals they were also guided by the actual interval size. Additionally, the participants responded according to IC more often when the context was more consonant than the deviant compared with the opposite order of presentation.
Spectra of conservative matrices

In this paper we study the spectra of conservative matrices and show that the spectrum of any Hausdorff method is either uncountable or finite. In the latter case it is shown that the spectrum consists of either one point or two points. We obtain the sharpest possible Mercerian theorem for Euler methods. We also get some results about the location of conservative matrices with respect to the maximal group of invertible operators. Let wo represent the space of all sequences and let c (co or m) represent the space of convergent sequences (null sequences or bounded sequences). Let B(c) represent the Banach algebra of bounded operators on c with the usual norm topology. Let A=(ank) be any infinite matrix and let, for an x in ow, Ax denote the transformed sequence, provided it exists. Let CA = {x E a): Ax E c}. A is called conservative (coercive) if CA 2 C (CA 2i m). For the properties of conservative (coercive) matrices and Hausdorff methods the reader might refer to [1]. In this paper we first obtain information about the spectrum of a conservative Hausdorff method and use this information to prove that a Hausdorff method is coercive if and only if it is a scalar multiple of Ho which we will define later on. This generalizes the result a-bout right finite Hausdorff methods which appears in [3]. Incidentally we show that the answers to Questions 1 and 4(i) of Rhoades [4] are in the affirmative. Then we discuss the spectral aspects of Mercer's theorem for Euler's methods. These results show that the discussion about the location of Euler's methods in [4] is not correct. Finally we list two open problems about the structure of the spectra of conservative matrices. We wish to thank Professor B. E. Rhoades for many fruitful conversations. A matrix A is called triangular if ank=0 whenever k>n and a triangullar matrix A is called a triangle if ann$O for any n. A denotes the Banach algebra of triangular matrices in B[c], G denotes the group of invertible operators in A and aG the boundary of G in A. The following theorem about coercive triangular matrices has been essentially proved in [5]. Presented to the Society, January 17, 1972; received by the editors November 18, 1971 and, in revised form, February 24, 1972. AMS 1970 subject classifications. Primary 40H05, 40G05; Secondary 47B99. ( American Mathematical Society 1972