Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Superior Vena Cava Flow in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), whose definition, diagnosis and treatment has been the subject of debate in the scientific community for a long time, is the most common neurobehavioral disorder in childhood. There are many studies on the pathophysiology of attention deficit. However, there is no study in the literature based on direct or indirect measurement of cerebral venous circulation in ADHD, and the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment on cerebral venous circulation. Therefore, it was aimed to noninvasively measure superior vena cava (SVC) flow, which is an indirect indicator of cerebral venous flow, by transthoracic echocardiography in patients with ADHD. Methods In the study, 44 healthy children, and 40 ADHD patients who were planned to start on osmotic-release oral system (OROS)-MPH were included. SVC flows were measured in healthy children and before and after drug therapy of ADHD patients. Results SVC flow was found to be higher in ADHD patients compared to healthy children. A significant decrease was found in SVC flow of ADHD patients after OROS-MPH treatment. There was no decrease in SVC flow of patients who did not respond adequately to MPH treatment. Conclusion This first study of SVC flow in children with ADHD showed that ADHD was associated with increased SVC flow and MPH treatment had a reducing effect on this increased SVC flow. We believe that noninvasive, easily measurable, and reproducible SVC flow may be a new focus of interest for future comprehensive studies as a biomarker to support clinical evaluation in the diagnosis and treatment follow-up of ADHD patients.
Advancing Spinal Cord Injury Treatment through Stem Cell Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Cell Types, Challenges, and Emerging Technologies in Regenerative Medicine

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) can lead to significant neurological deficits and lifelong disability, with far-reaching physical, psychological, and economic consequences for affected individuals and their families. Current treatments for SCIs are limited in their ability to restore function, and there is a pressing need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy to promote the regeneration and repair of damaged neural tissue following SCIs. This review article comprehensively discusses the potential of different stem cell types, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), in SCI treatment. We provide an in-depth analysis of the unique advantages and challenges associated with each stem cell type, as well as the latest advancements in the field. Furthermore, we address the critical challenges faced in stem cell therapy for SCIs, including safety concerns, ethical considerations, standardization of protocols, optimization of transplantation parameters, and the development of effective outcome measures. We also discuss the integration of novel technologies such as gene editing, biomaterials, and tissue engineering to enhance the therapeutic potential of stem cells. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of collaborative efforts among various stakeholders in the scientific community, including researchers, clinicians, bioengineers, industry partners, and patients, to overcome these challenges and realize the full potential of stem cell therapy for SCI patients. By fostering such collaborations and advancing our understanding of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, we can pave the way for the development of groundbreaking therapies that improve the lives of those affected by SCIs.
The feasibility and efficiency for constructing arteriovenous fistula with <2 mm vein—a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an efficient hemodialysis access for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The specific threshold of vein diameter still not reached a consensus. Method We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for articles which comparing the treatment outcomes of AVF with 2 mm as vein diameter threshold. Fixed and random effect model were used for synthesis of results. Subgroup analysis was designed to assess the risk of bias. Result Eight high-quality articles were included finally. Among a total of 1,075 patients (675 males and 400 females), 227 and 809 patients possessed <2 mm and ≥2 mm vein respectively. Apart from gender and coronary artery disease (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference in age, diabetes, hypertension or radial artery between maturation and non-maturation groups. The functional maturation rate was lower in patients with <2 mm vein according to fixed effect model [OR = 0.19, 95% CI (0.12, 0.30), P < 0.01]. There was no significant difference in primary [OR = 0.63, 95% CI (0.12, 3.25), P = 0.58] or cumulative patency rates [OR = 0.40, 95% CI (0.13, 1.19), P = 0.10]. Conclusion Vein diameter less than 2 mm has a negative impact on the functional maturation rate of AVF, while it does not affect the primary and cumulative patency rates (12 months).
Maxillary Sinus Septa: Prevalence and Variation with Gender and Location

Introduction: Maxillary sinus septa are partitions of cortical bone dividing the sinus into multiple compartments. Their presence and dimension are of relevance to periodontists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons as well as otolaryngologists. Objective: To determine the prevalence of maxillary sinus septa and its variation with gender and location in sampled Nepali population. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Periodontics, Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre after ethical clearance from Institutional Review Committee. Convenience sampling was done for 433 orthopantomograms (OPGs) with clearly visible maxillary sinus and absence of pathological or developmental changes. Each OPG was observed for presence of septa. Presence or absence of septa was noted along with position and site of septa. Gender of subjects was also noted. Statistical analysis was performed via SPSS 21.0. Results: Among observed radiographs, 148 (34.18%) showed presence of maxillary sinus septa. Septa were more prevalent among males (84, 56.76%) than females 64 (43.24%); with statistically significant difference (P <0.05). Unilateral occurrence (97, 65.54%) of septa was greater than bilateral (51, 34.46%). onclusion: This study may serve as baseline data for prevalence of maxillary sinus septa and may aid in treatment planning during dental implant placements and surgical procedures of maxillary sinus.
An Analysis of Some Factors Affecting Employee Performance at Bank NTB Syariah Praya Branch

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the performance of employees at Bank NTB Syariah Praya Branch. This research is a quantitative study using primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires. The research sample consisted of 30 respondents consisting of NTB Syariah bank employees at the Praya branch. Methods of data analysis in this study using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software. The results showed that partially and simultaneously the variables of organizational culture, motivation and compensation have a significant positive effect on the employee performance of Bank NTB Syariah Praya Branch. Then the coefficient of determination was 81.1%. This means that the independent variable is able to explain the dependent variable by 81.1%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhiikinerja karyawan pada Bank NTB Syariah Cabang Praya.Penelitian ini termasuk penelitiannkuantitatif yang menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari penyebarannkuesioner. Sampel penelitiannsebanyak 30 responden yang terdiri dari karyawan bank NTB Syariah cabang praya. Metode analisis data dalammpenelitian ini menggunakan regresi linierberganda dengan bantuan software SPSS.Hasil penelitiannmenunjukkan bahwa secara parsial dan simultan variabel budaya organisasi, motivasi dan kompensasi berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan Bank NTB Syariah Cabang Praya. Kemudian nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 81,1%. Hal ini berarti bahwa variabel bebas mampuumenjelaskan variabellterikat sebesar 81,1%.
ELUCIDATION OF THE BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN GENETIC BASIS OF LOW INCIDENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO RAICA COMMUNITY OF RAJASTHAN

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the genotypic variables linked to lower type-2 diabetes prevalence in the raica population in Rajasthan, India. Methods: 150 participants from outside the Raica community and 114 participants from it were recruited for this study for ARNT gene and 112 from Raica and 86 from non-Raica for GLUT4 gene. Their age and sex, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and laboratory results for fasting blood glucose were all taken into account. RFLP was used for genetic study. Results: In this study, 114 participants from Raica community and 150 from non-Raica community were recruited. There were 40 females and 74 males in Raica group and 52 females and 98 males in non-Raica group for ARNT gene. For GLUT4 gene, 112 participants were recruited from Raica and 86 participants from non-Raica community. Raica community showed lower number of participants with fasting glucose>126 mg/dl, BMI>23. Allelic distribution of ARNT and GLUT4 was also lower among Raica. Conclusion: The examined genetic variation is equally prevalent in Raica and non-Raica individuals, diabetes circumstances included.
Comparing microsurgical breast reconstruction outcomes following postoperative monitoring techniques: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 2529 patients

Aims: This paper aims to assess the existing evidence regarding oximetry and thermography by comparing postoperative rates of complications following microsurgical breast reconstruction. Methods: A systematic review of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane was completed. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of all included studies was then performed. Results: Fourteen studies were included with a total population of 2,529 female patients who underwent microvascular breast reconstruction, ultimately totaling 3,289 flaps. The mean age for the cohorts included in this study ranged from 48.9 to 57 years of age. A total of 15 complete flap losses were reported. Furthermore, this meta-analysis of proportion showed that total flap loss experienced was 0% (95%CI 0%-100%) for patients monitored with thermography compared to 0% (95%CI 0%-1%) for those monitored with oximetry. Partial flap loss occurred at a frequency of 1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0%-73%] for patients monitored with thermography compared to 1% (95%CI 0%-2%) for those monitored with oximetry. Furthermore, the results of this study showed that thermography prompted a return to the operating room (OR) in 1% (95%CI 0%-73%) of the patients compared to 5% (95%CI 3%-9%) for oximetry. Lastly, the overall complication rate was 12% (95%CI 1%-54%) for patients monitored with thermography compared to 10% (95%CI 4%-21%) for those monitored with oximetry. Conclusion: Ultimately, this meta-analysis concludes that while oximetry monitoring currently has strong evidence for improving flap outcomes, trends in the current data indicate that further studies may demonstrate that thermography may be comparable to oximetry in achieving similar patient outcomes.
A deep learning model for automated kidney calculi detection on non-contrast computed tomography scans in dogs

Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common urinary disorders in dogs. Although a majority of kidney calculi are non-obstructive and are likely to be asymptomatic, they can lead to parenchymal loss and obstruction as they progress. Thus, early diagnosis of kidney calculi is important for patient monitoring and better prognosis. However, detecting kidney calculi and monitoring changes in the sizes of the calculi from computed tomography (CT) images is time-consuming for clinicians. This study, in a first of its kind, aims to develop a deep learning model for automatic kidney calculi detection using pre-contrast CT images of dogs. A total of 34,655 transverseimage slices obtained from 76 dogs with kidney calculi were used to develop the deep learning model. Because of the differences in kidney location and calculi sizes in dogs compared to humans, several processing methods were used. The first stage of the models, based on the Attention U-Net (AttUNet), was designed to detect the kidney for the coarse feature map. Five different models–AttUNet, UTNet, TransUNet, SwinUNet, and RBCANet–were used in the second stage to detect the calculi in the kidneys, and the performance of the models was evaluated. Compared with a previously developed model, all the models developed in this study yielded better dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) for the automatic segmentation of the kidney. To detect kidney calculi, RBCANet and SwinUNet yielded the best DSC, which was 0.74. In conclusion, the deep learning model developed in this study can be useful for the automated detection of kidney calculi.
THE TREATMENT OF HEPATORENAL SYNDROME WITH TERLIPRESSIN: CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION VS INTRAVENOUS BOLUSES A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED STUDY ON SYNDROME

Objective: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a severe complication of cirrhosis, with terlipressin and albumin being the most common treatment. The study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of continuous intravenous infusion vs. intravenous boluses of terlipressin in treating type 1 h. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on cirrhosis patients with type 1 h. Patients were allocated to receive terlipressin via continuous infusion (TERLI-INF group) or intravenous boluses (TERLI-BOL group). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and treatment details were recorded. The primary endpoint was the frequency of drug-related adverse events. Secondary endpoints included therapy responsiveness and 90-day transplant-free survival. Results: Both groups exhibited similar baseline characteristics. While treatment length and cumulative albumin doses were comparable, TERLI-INF patients received lower terlipressin doses. Severe treatment-related adverse events differed between groups. Univariate analysis identified several baseline parameters significantly associated with response to terlipressin. The study supports continuous terlipressin infusion's superiority in treating type 1 h, with lower adverse event rates and improved patient response. Conclusion: The study concludes that continuous intravenous terlipressin infusion is safer and more effective in treating type 1 h in decompensated cirrhosis patients compared to intravenous boluses. Lower terlipressin dosages were effective in continuous infusion, indicating improved safety. The MELD score was an independent predictor of response, and therapy responsiveness was associated with improved 90 d survival.
Combining passive acoustic data from a towed hydrophone array with visual line transect data to estimate abundance and availability bias of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus)

Visual line transect (VLT) surveys are central to the monitoring and study of marine mammals. However, for cryptic species such as deep diving cetaceans VLT surveys alone suffer from problems of low sample sizes and availability bias where animals below the surface are not available to be detected. The advent of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) technology offers important opportunities to observe deep diving cetaceans but statistical challenges remain particularly when trying to integrate VLT and PAM data. Herein, we present a general framework to combine these data streams to estimate abundance when both surveys are conducted simultaneously. Secondarily, our approach can also be used to derive an estimate of availability bias. We outline three methods that vary in complexity and data requirements which are (1) a simple distance sampling (DS) method that treats the two datasets independently (DS-DS Method), (2) a fully integrated approach that applies a capture-mark recapture (CMR) analysis to the PAM data (CMR-DS Method) and (3) a hybrid approach that requires only a subset of the PAM CMR data (Hybrid Method). To evaluate their performance, we use simulations based on known diving and vocalizing behavior of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). As a case study, we applied the Hybrid Method to data from a shipboard survey of sperm whales and compared estimates to a VLT only analysis. Simulation results demonstrated that the CMR-DS Method and Hybrid Method reduced bias by >90% for both abundance and availability bias in comparison to the simpler DS -DS Method. Overall, the CMR-DS Method was the least biased and most precise. For the case study, our application of the Hybrid Method to the sperm whale dataset produced estimates of abundance and availability bias that were comparable to estimates from the VLT only analysis but with considerably higher precision. Integrating multiple sources of data is an important goal with clear benefits. As a step towards that goal we have developed a novel framework. Results from this study are promising although challenges still remain. Future work may focus on applying this method to other deep-diving species and comparing the proposed method to other statistical approaches that aim to combine information from multiple data sources.
Short-Term Forecasting of Electric Vehicle Load Using Time Series, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning Techniques

Electric vehicles (EVs) are inducing revolutionary developments to the transportation and power sectors. Their innumerable benefits are forcing nations to adopt this sustainable mode of transport. Governments are framing and implementing various green energy policies. Nonetheless, there exist several critical challenges and concerns to be resolved in order to reap the complete benefits of E-mobility. The impacts of unplanned EV charging are a major concern. Accurate EV load forecasting followed by an efficient charge scheduling system could, to a large extent, solve this problem. This work focuses on short-term EV demand forecasting using three learning frameworks, which were applied to real-time adaptive charging network (ACN) data, and performance was analyzed. Auto-regressive (AR) forecasting, support vector regression (SVR), and long short-term memory (LSTM) frameworks demonstrated good performance in EV charging demand forecasting. Among these, LSTM showed the best performance with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 4 kW and a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 5.9 kW.
Liquid biopsy for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent and lethal cancer globally. Over 90% of HCC cases arise in the context of liver cirrhosis, and the severity of the underlying liver disease or advanced tumor stage at diagnosis significantly limits treatment options. Early diagnosis is crucial, and all guidelines stress the importance of screening protocols for HCC early detection as a public health objective. As serum biomarkers are not optimal for early diagnosis, liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising tool for diagnosis, prognostication, and patients’ stratification for personalized therapy in various solid tumors, including HCC. While circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are better suited for personalized therapy and prognosis, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and extracellular vesicle-based technologies show potential for early diagnosis, HCC screening, and surveillance protocols. Evaluating the added value of liquid biopsy genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for HCC screening is a key goal in translational research. Somatic mutations commonly found in HCC can be investigated in cfDNA and plasma exosomes as genetic biomarkers. Unique methylation patterns in cfDNA or cfDNA fragmentome features have been suggested as innovative tools for early HCC detection. Likewise, extracellular vesicle cargo biomarkers such as miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs may serve as potential biomarkers for early HCC detection. This review will explore recent findings on the utility of liquid biopsy for early HCC diagnosis. Combining liquid biopsy methods with traditional serological biomarkers could improve the overall diagnostic accuracy for early HCC detection.
Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis (VITT)—Insights from Clinical Cases, In Vitro Studies and Murine Models

An effective worldwide vaccination campaign started and is still being carried out in the face of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While vaccines are great tools to confront the pandemic, predominantly adenoviral vector-based vaccines can cause a rare severe adverse effect, termed vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT), in about 1 in 100,000 vaccinated individuals. VITT is diagnosed 5–30 days post-vaccination and clinically characterized by thrombocytopenia, strongly elevated D-dimer levels, platelet-activating anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies and thrombosis, especially at atypical sites such as the cerebral venous sinus and/or splanchnic veins. There are striking similarities between heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and VITT. Both are caused by anti-PF4 antibodies, causing platelet and leukocyte activation which results in massive thrombo-inflammation. However, it is still to be determined why PF4 becomes immunogenic in VITT and which constituent of the vaccine triggers the immune response. As VITT-like syndromes are increasingly reported in patients shortly after viral infections, direct virus-PF4 interactions might be most relevant. Here we summarize the current information and hypotheses on the pathogenesis of VITT and address in vivo models, especially murine models for further studies on VITT.
A Study of Destination Images of Foreign Tourists to Japan by Analyzing Travel Guidebook and Review Site

Inbound tourism has been paid much attention because it activates national and local economy in Japan, as the number of foreign tourists visiting Japan increased recently. This study investigates destination images of foreign tourists visiting Japan. This study examines with text mining technique two kinds of text, English travel guidebook (lonely planet) and tourist review site (tripadvisor). The text mining analyses included feature analysis and correspondence analysis. In conclusion, the authors found that the difference of destination images of foreign tourists from guidebook and review site was significant and that the images were also different according to the nationality of foreign tourist. The destination image should be modified if the difference might be far from the tourist expectation. 本研究では，海外版旅行ガイドブック（lonely planet）と旅行口コミサイト（tripadvisor）を対象に，その言語内容を解析し，有用な計画情報を抽出する手法を示した．その結果，ガイドブックにおいては，宿泊施設紹介ページの影響が大きく，観光地へのアクセス情報が豊富である一方，形容詞は少ないことが示された．口コミにおいては，買物，食，アニメ・ゲーム関連語が多く，観光客がこれらの内容に対して関心を持っていることが示唆された．さらに，旅行ガイドブックと口コミの観光地ごとの傾向には類似性があることがわかった．観光地ごとにみてみると，"temple"はAsakusa，"maid"と"anime"はAkihabara，"tuna_auction"はGinza-Tsukijiといったように，各観光地のイメージの特徴を抽出することができた．また，Akihabaraに関しては，ガイドブックと口コミのプロットの間にやや距離があることから，ガイドブックに記載されている情報とは異なる特徴を観光客はイメージしているものと推察された．