Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flow Kinematics and Dynamics of the Gulf Stream From Composite Imagery

FLOW KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS OF THE GULF STREAM FROM COMPOSITE IMAGERY Caitlin Patrice Mullen Old Dominion University, 1994 Director: Dr. A. D. Kirwan, Jr. A unique set of contemporaneous satellite-tracked drifters and five-day compos­ ite satellite images of the North Atlantic is studied in order to infer the near-surface flow kinematics and dynamics of the Gulf Stream. Using fractal and spectral anal­ yses, two kinematic models, and a potential vorticity model, detailed comparisons are made between these data sets. Fractal and spectral analyses show that the data set is not fractal, there is no geographic variability, and there is not a strong fractal scaling link between the drifter trajectories and composite temperature fronts as had been postulated by several investigators. These results indicate considerably more work needs to be per­ formed before fractal analysis can relate surface flow characteristics with geometric properties of images. Kinematic analysis of the contemporaneous data set is used to infer kine­ matic properties of the flow field including flow along temperature fronts. This was achieved by using thermal field characteristics obtained from composite images Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. in conjunction with kinematic feature models. Of the two kinematic models used for this phase of the study, it was found that Bower (1991) presents a better feature model than Dutkiewicz et al. (1993). A barotropic potential vorticity model was developed to incorporate some dy­ namics into the analysis of the meandering Gulf Stream. Results show that there is good correlation between the drifter data, composite images, and the model trajec­ tories. There are two central results that have emerged from this study. The first is that considerable caution should be used in inferring fractal properties of both trajectories and images. This is a potentially powerful analysis tool, but, contrary to the claims of other scientists, there is little, if any, scaling link between the flow and surface temperature fields. The other result is that composite imagery and a suitable feature model can be used to infer flow along temperature fronts. This should have major ramifications on the quantitative use of image data. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. To my mother and father, Virginia and George Mullen, who were always there for me.
Wireless Technology for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with a range of behavioral manifestations including social interaction impairment and communication deficit. Abnormal responses to sensory stimuli across multiple modalities are commonly reported and are now a mandatory component of ASD diagnosis as specified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Aberrant reactions to sound were noted in Kanner's original (1943) article describing the ASD phenotype, and recent evidence has revealed that a high proportion of affected children suffer auditory processing deficits that particularly affect speech understanding in the presence of background noise. Identification and appropriate management of hearing difficulties in this population is especially important, as auditory deficits can exacerbate the communication and social problems central to the disorder. This article will review the recent literature exploring the use of wireless hearing technologies in high-functioning ASD children. Preliminary findings suggest that these systems can ameliorate auditory processing difficulties, and in so doing, enhance social interaction and improve educational outcomes for school-aged children with ASD.
Measurements of Magnetic Pulse Bursts During Initial Continuous Current of Negative Rocket‐Triggered Lightning

During the SHandong Triggering Lightning Experiment (SHATLE) in summer of 2014 and 2015 and the Guangdong Comprehensive Observation Experiment on Lightning Discharge (GCOELD) campaign in 2018, we have conducted the observations of the magnetic pulse bursts (MPBs) during the initial continuous current in negative rocket‐triggered lightning. The MPBs are commonly recorded at the main site of SHATLE (970 m from the rocket launch site), but the synchronous magnetic field (B‐field) measurements at the close site of SHATLE (78 m from the rocket launch site) show the slow variations with small MPBs superposing on them. Note that both the charge transfer and the relative brightness increase notably during the appearance of the MPBs. After shifting up the operation frequency of the magnetic sensor, the MPBs can be observed at close distance (80 m from the rocket launch site) obviously in GCOELD. Observations show that the radiation sources of MPBs originate from the breakdown in the vicinity of the leader tip, but the sources of the initial magnetic pulses (IMPs) measured at the very initial stage of triggered lightning are from the radiation of the whole steel wire. The continuous current measured at the channel base during the MPBs cannot reflect the characteristics of breakdown current, because the current is attenuated and dispersed when propagating along the high‐impedance leader channel. The average peak current associated with the MPBs is estimated to be on the order of kiloamperes.
Ovoid amphorae as the first Roman provincial repertoire in Hispania Ulterior (the Guadalquivir valley)

During the first century BC, the Guadalquivir valley joins the group of those producing ovoid amphorae in the Western Mediterranean, as it becomes one of the main exporting areas of agricultural commodities. This development took shape in the Augustan period and later, due to correlation between the necessities demanded by the State and the ability of the southern Hispanic territories to supply them. However, this process takes its first steps even earlier; from the early moments of the first century BC, the Guadalquivir valley apparently began a mass-production of agricultural goods, as is reflected in the amphora repertoire of Ulterior being then produced as the first Romanised provincial amphorae of the region. This article presents the most important ovoid forms produced in the Guadalquivir valley, paying particular attention to their form and their epigraphical features, as well as investigating their distribution in internal and external markets. Some other questions are treated too: the documented production places; the evolution of these products into a standardised format that closely follows the path of the transformation of the Guadalquivir valley into a highly specialised agricultural territory, based on olive-oil manufacture, just as would be case for the economy of the region during early Imperial times.
Forward Modeling and Optimization of Methane Emissions in the South Central United States Using Aircraft Transects Across Frontal Boundaries

The South Central United States is a hot spot for anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions, with contributions from the oil/gas (O&G) and animal agriculture sectors. During frontal weather events, airflow combines enhancements from these emissions into a large plume. In this study, we take CH4 and ethane (C2H6) observations from the Atmospheric Carbon and Transport‐America campaign and adjust O&G and animal agriculture emissions such that modeled CH4 and C2H6 enhancements match the observed plume. Results from the joint CH4‐C2H6 optimization indicate that emissions from the O&G sector are 1.8 ± 0.7 (2σ) times larger than EPA inventory estimates. These results match synthesis work from recent literature and reject the possibility that this increase compared to inventories is due to a potential bias in daytime‐only measurements of these facilities. Successful modeling from this study raises the possibility of using trace gas measurements along frontal crossings to solve for emissions in other regions of the United States.
Use of detachable balloon in the treatment of arteriovenous fistula at a teenage case

Bu yazida distal femoral, travmatik arteriyovenoz fistulu (AVF) olan genc bir bayan hasta sunuldu. Hasta sag alt ekstremitesinde sislik, agri, siyanoz ve ulserlesme sikayetiyle kardiyovaskuler klinigimize basvurdu. Hastanin 10 yil once silah ile yaralanma oykusu vardi. Ayrica yaralanma bolgesinde cerrahi izi vardi. Fizik muayenede sag alt ekstremitede yuzeysel varikoz venlerde sislik ve ulserlesme saptandi. Kalp yetmezligi mevcut degildi. Hastada klinik AVF bulgularindan suphelenildi. Yuksek akimli fistul cok kesitli bilgisayarli tomografi ile saptandi ve anjiyografi ile dogrulandi. Fistul ayrilabilir balon teknigiyle basariyla embolize edildi. Anah tar soz cuk ler: Arteriyovenoz fistul; ayrilabilir balon; embolizasyon. In this article, we present a teenage female with a traumatic, distal femoral arteriovenous fistula (AVF). She was admitted to our cardiovascular clinic with the complaints of swelling, pain, cyanosis and ulceration at her right lower extremity. She had a history of gun shot injury 10-years ago. A skin scar was observed at this region due to surgery. Physical examination revealed swollen superficial varicose veins and ulceration of the right lower extremity. Heart failure was absent. We suspected an AVF with clinical findings. The high-flow fistula was diagnosed using multi-dedector computed tomography and confirmed on angiography. The fistula was successfully embolized with the detachable balloon technique.
Therapeutic Effect of Amaranthus hybridus on Diabetic Nephropathy

Background: Amaranthus hybridus is claimed to be useful in treating dysentery, diarrhoea, hemorrhage of the bowel, ulcers, liver infections and knee pain in Indian traditional system of medicine, and in southern India, the leaves are used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The present research was conducted to evaluate the nephron protective effect of ethanol extract of Amaranthus hybridus leaves in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods: Wister albino rats were induced diabetic by a single dose of STZ (50 mg/kg i.p.). The serum and urine renal function parameters-creatinine, urea, uric acid, albumin and total proteins were measured on 15th day after daily oral administration of Amaranthus hybridus ethanolic leaves extract (AHELE) for 14 days at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. The antioxidant potential of extract was also determined. Hence, the effects of the AHELE treatments on the kidney histological profile in STZ nephrotoxic rats were observed. Results: The present study investigation showed that the AHELE significantly (P<0.001) attenuated elevations in the serum levels of creatinine, urea and uric acid, and urine levels of total proteins and albumin, in diabetic treated rats as compared with diabetic control rats. The extract also improved altered serum total protein associated with diabetes nephropathy. A significant decrease in TBARS (P<0.001), and significant increase in SOD (P<0.001), CAT (P<0.01) and reduced glutathione levels (P<0.001) were observed in the kidney of rats treated with AHELE. Furthermore, the histopathological study of kidney in drug treated rats shows significant protective effect against STZ oxidative stress. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Amaranthus hybridus possesses significant nephronprotective effect against oxidative damage in diabetic rats.
Hand washing practices amongst mothers of under-fives in an urban slum

Background: Hand washing with soap is a cost-effective tool of disease prevention, but most of the time it is overlooked. Use of contaminated hands enhances transmission of germs into body causing ill-health. Mothers clean, prepare, serve and feed the food. If this is coupled with poor knowledge and practice of hand washing it increases risk to spread of diseases to self, other family members especially to under-fives. Present study was conducted to address this issue being a critical factor in disease prevention. The objective of the present study was to determine the knowledge and practices of hand washing amongst mothers of under-fives.Methods: Present cross sectional study was conducted at UHTC, field practice area of Community Medicine, GMC, Latur amongst mothers of under-fives visiting UHTC to avail health services. The data was collected in a predesigned, pretested questionnaire by interviewing them.Results: Out of 204 mothers, 38.24% were from the age group of 24-26 and majority i.e., 69.61% were housewives. 99.02% mothers were aware that unwashed hands can transmit the diseases. Most of the mothers told that clean hands reduces food and water contamination. Maximum i.e., 97.57% mothers washed hands before eating and 71.57% washed before cooking. All the mothers washed hands after visiting toilet. Most mothers used soap and water (85.3%) for hand washing. Significant numbers of mothers, under-fives and other members suffered from diarrhea in last six months (p<0.05). Conclusions: Hand washing practices need to be followed at all critical moments for prevention of the faeco-oral infections.
Controlled Release Mechanism and Antibacterial Effect of Layer-By-Layer Self-Assembly Thyme Oil Microcapsule.

Thyme essential oil-loaded microcapsules (TMS) were fabricated using natural polysaccharide chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA) as the shell material via the method of layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly. The accumulated release rates of thyme oil and microcapsules at 4 °C were 42.50% and 10.16%, respectively. After heating at 100 °C for 5 hr, the release rate of the 0, 2, 4, 6 layers assembled microcapsules were 100%, 48.84%, 28.38%, 19.3%, severally. Microcapsules also had good pH sensitivity in the range of 4 to 10. Antimicrobial function studies showed that the microcapsules are more effective than thyme oil for three tested microorganisms. When the temperature rose from 37 °C to 121 °C, the antibacterial zone of thyme oil gradually decreased from 18.5 ± 0.6 mm to 12.3 ± 0.6 mm, although inhibition rate of microcapsules increased from 87.97% to 99.75%. The antibacterial effect of thyme oil declined with the increase of pH, in terms of microcapsules, the efficiency was better under acidic or alkaline conditions. The thyme oil microcapsules can suppress the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in milk and prolong its shelf life. It was determined that this microcapsule could be a potential alternative as a natural antimicrobial agent in food and pharmaceutical industries. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This work provided release performance and mechanism of layer-by-layer (LBL) thyme oil microcapsule under different conditions, and further studies showed its antibacterial ability to explore how herb essential oils can be potentially applied in food packaging and antibacterial areas.
Effects of Weather Conditions on Satellite Television Cable Network Reception Quality in Warri Metropolis, Delta State, Nigeria

The study examined the effects of weather conditions on satellite television cable network reception quality. The ex-post facto research design was used. The primary data were generated through personal observation/monitoring of Television sets that were connected to the three prominent networks (MYTV, DSTV, and HITV) in Warri. Rainfall stations were established in each of the sample areas and were used to collect rainfall amount between the months of May and August, being rainy season in the location. Additionally, wind speed, humidity, temperature and rainfall data were collected from the archives of the Nigerian Meteorological Agencies office in Warri for 20 years. A total of fifteen (15) TV sets and fifteen modems of MYTV, DSTV and HITV satellite-cable network were utilized for this study. Results showed that there is variation in the trends of climate Original Research Article Imarhiagbe and Ojeh; AJGR, 1(1): 1-21, 2018; Article no.AJGR. 40305 2 parameters in Warri. There is variability in the rainfall, relative humidity as well as the wind speed trends in Warri from 1991-2011. The variations in these climate attributes have effects on the durability and functionalities of satellite cable network in the area. The reception quality for MYTV reduced from 69.8% on days without rainfall to 15.4% on rainy days during the study period, while DSTV signal quality reception was also reduced by rainfall and weather effect to 20.4% on rainy days from 85.6% mean on days without rainfall. HITV signal quality reception of 33.4% on days without rainfall was reduced to 7.2% by the effect of rainfall. Rainfall impairs signal quality. Further, the result revealed that there is a significant variation in cable network reception qualities of MYTV, DSTV and HITV. This is evident from the calculated F-value of 1028.136 which was greater than the critical table-value of 19.49 at 0.05 significant level. The r value shows a correlation of 0.989 between rainfall and MYTV reception quality. However, the R2 value of 0.977 shows that 97.7% variation in the quality of signal reception from MYTV is explained by other weather parameters. The r value shows a correlation of 0.994 between wind speed and DSTV reception quality. However, the R2 value of 0.988 shows that the quality of the signal reception from DSTV is explained by 98.8% dependency on weather parameters. Similarly, the r value shows a correlation of 0.970 rainfall and HITV reception quality. However, the R2 value of 0.942 shows that the quality of the signal reception from MYTV is explained by 94.2% dependency on weather parameters. The policy implications of the findings of this study are that adequate and well-implemented weather monitoring with remote sensing/satellite-based platforms should be captured in the national laws of Nigeria.
Immune Modulation as a Therapeutic Strategy for Atherosclerosis

Coronary artery disease remains a major cause of death globally despite the introduction of novel therapeutics. Experimental evidences in the past decade have proved beyond doubt that innate and adaptive immune responses play an important and complex role in atherosclerosis, contributing to both atheroprotective and proatherogenic effects. The reduction of atherosclerotic lesions in animal models upon immunization with modified low-density lipoproteins has made the development and use of an atheroprotective vaccine a real possibility. Previous studies have used antigenic epitopes including oxidized phopholipid molecules, modified apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB) peptide, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, heat shock proteins and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor to develop a vaccine for atherosclero- sis. In our vaccine development effort, we have identified novel peptide epitopes from self-antigens and pathogens, which have shown promise in preliminary studies. In this review, we discuss the current approaches used for developing an atherosclerosis vaccine and the potential mechanisms of protection afforded by these immunomodulating agents.
Edad de las formaciones travertínicas del flanco meridional de la Sierra de Mijas (provincia de Málaga, Cordilleras Béticas)

Three masses of travertines located on the southern flank of the Sierra de Mijas (Betic Cordillera) have been dated by absolute dating methods: E.S. R. and Uranium Series (ThU). The results relates the age of travertines with their height above the present sea level. Paleoclimatics, hydrogeologicals and neotectonics explications are analized
Vertical variation and temporal trends of extreme precipitation indices in a complex topographical watershed in the Hengduan Mountain Region, China

Spatial–temporal trends of extreme precipitation have great impacts on disaster risks, and relevant studies usually receive much attention. In China, spatial–temporal trends have been analysed in numerous studies based on daily rainfall data; however, the densities of rain gauges in many studies were relatively low, and the effects of complex topography on extreme precipitation were usually not considered, which have lowered the reliability and accuracy of the reported results. In this study, several widely used extreme precipitation indices were chosen, and the spatial–temporal trends of a typical watershed in the Hengduan Mountain Region in Southwest China, the Longchuanjiang watershed, were analysed using the Mann–Kendall trend analysis based on daily rainfall data. The effect of elevation on the extreme precipitation indices based on the high‐intensity rain gauges and the effect of elevation on the temporal trends of extreme precipitation indices were analysed, which have rarely been reported. The results indicated that: (a) significant positive correlations with elevation were reported for annual precipitation and most of the extreme precipitation indices, including PRCPTOT, Rx5day, R95P, R99P, RD, SDII, and CWD, while significant negative correlations were reported for CDD; the relationships between SDII and Rx1day were not significant with elevation; (b) the density of rain gauges in the regions with complex topography can have great impacts on the results; and (c) no significant correlation between the elevation and the temporal trends of extreme precipitation indices were reported. This study highlights the effects of the density of rain gauges and elevation, or topographical factors on the spatial distribution and temporal trends of extreme precipitation indices, which has rarely been reported in previous studies, implying that such effects should be fully taken into consideration in the relevant studies in the future.
Reassessing Southern Ocean Air‐Sea CO2 Flux Estimates With the Addition of Biogeochemical Float Observations

New estimates of pCO2 from profiling floats deployed by the Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) project have demonstrated the importance of wintertime outgassing south of the Polar Front, challenging the accepted magnitude of Southern Ocean carbon uptake (Gray et al., 2018, https://doi:10.1029/2018GL078013). Here, we put 3.5 years of SOCCOM observations into broader context with the global surface carbon dioxide database (Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas, SOCAT) by using the two interpolation methods currently used to assess the ocean models in the Global Carbon Budget (Le Quéré et al., 2018, https://doi:10.5194/essd‐10‐2141‐2018) to create a ship‐only, a float‐weighted, and a combined estimate of Southern Ocean carbon fluxes (<35°S). In our ship‐only estimate, we calculate a mean uptake of −1.14 ± 0.19 Pg C/yr for 2015–2017, consistent with prior studies. The float‐weighted estimate yields a significantly lower Southern Ocean uptake of −0.35 ± 0.19 Pg C/yr. Subsampling of high‐resolution ocean biogeochemical process models indicates that some of the differences between float and ship‐only estimates of the Southern Ocean carbon flux can be explained by spatial and temporal sampling differences. The combined ship and float estimate minimizes the root‐mean‐square pCO2 difference between the mapped product and both data sets, giving a new Southern Ocean uptake of −0.75 ± 0.22 Pg C/yr, though with uncertainties that overlap the ship‐only estimate. An atmospheric inversion reveals that a shift of this magnitude in the contemporary Southern Ocean carbon flux must be compensated for by ocean or land sinks within the Southern Hemisphere.