Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nasogastric Tube Placement, Manipulation, and Fluid Administration on Transcutaneous Ultrasound Visualization and Assessment of Stomach Position in Healthy Unfed and Fed Horses

Simple Summary In horses with colic (abdominal pain), it is vital to be able to identify and remove fluid building up in their stomachs. Ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic that is often used to estimate the size of the stomach in horses with colic, but our knowledge of ultrasound of the stomach in horses with colic is not complete. Because horses with colic may or may not be eating and a veterinarian often passes a stomach tube to help remove or give fluid, we need to know how feeding and the use of a stomach tube affects ultrasound of the stomach to help veterinarians interpret ultrasound of the stomach in horses with colic appropriately. In a group of healthy horses, ultrasonography revealed that feeding, stomach tube placement, and giving fluid, increased the size of the stomach. After fluid was given, it could be consistently identified within the stomach with ultrasound. Based on our findings, if a horse has been eating recently or had a stomach tube passed, the size of the stomach on ultrasound may be increased, unrelated to fluid buildup, and looking for fluid in the stomach may be a better method to diagnose fluid building up. Abstract Knowledge of the effects of feeding and nasogastric tube placement and manipulation on gastric ultrasound is limited. Given the variability in duration since feeding and the ubiquitous use of nasogastric tubes in horses with colic, the interpretation of gastric ultrasound in horses with colic requires an understanding of these effects. Cranial to caudal and dorsal to ventral ultrasonographic dimensions of the stomach were obtained in 10 unfed horses and five fed horses, before and after nasogastric tube placement, after checking for reflux and after administration of 6 L of water in unfed horses. Fed horses’ stomachs were larger in both cranial to caudal and dorsal to ventral dimension than unfed horses. Nasogastric intubation and the administration of water increased ultrasonographic gastric dimensions in fed and unfed horses. Checking for reflux did not consistently decrease ultrasonographic gastric dimension in fed or unfed horses. Fluid was consistently identified in the stomach with ultrasound after 6 L of water. Increases in gastric ultrasound dimensions found in horses that have been recently fed and/or had a nasogastric tube placed can occur without pathologic gastric distension related to colic and should be interpreted in this context. In contrast, the identification of fluid in the stomach on ultrasound occurs consistently with fluid administration and may be more useful than standard ultrasound parameters of gastric dimensions to identify horses with colic likely to have significant gastric reflux.
Variational analysis of soliton scattering by external potentials

Dynamics of the width and center-of-mass position of a matter wave soliton subject to interaction with arbitrary external potential is analyzed using the collective coordinates approach. It is shown that approximation of the trial function and external potential only in the interaction region of the spatial domain is sufficient for adequate description of the soliton scattering process. The validity of the developed approach is illustrated for the Gaussian and Pöschl-Teller potentials.
Combining metabolic surgery with medications for type 2 diabetes: Is there a benefit?

Bariatric surgery has been consistently demonstrated in randomized controlled trials to be the most effective treatment currently available for patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. In spite of this, with the emergence of longer-term data, it is now becoming apparent that some of the metabolic benefits afforded by bariatric surgery fatigue with time, prompting clinicians to re-consider how patients should be managed in the postoperative period. As is seen with many other chronic diseases including peripheral vascular disease as well as some cancers, surgery is seen as a means of inducing disease control with medications being employed to maintain sustained remission. In recent years, there have been remarkable advances in pharmacotherapy for the treatment of T2DM as well as additional agents which can produce clinically significant weight loss. Having recognized the potential need for further treatment following bariatric surgery along with the availability of highly effective medical therapies presents the opportunity to explore a multimodal approach to care, combining medications with surgery to potentially improve long-term outcomes.
Infrared nanospectroscopy characterization of metal oxide photoresists

Abstract. Implementation of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography in high-volume semiconductor manufacturing requires a reliable and scalable EUV resist platform. A mechanistic understanding of the pros and cons of different EUV resist materials is critically important. However, most material characterization methods with nanometer resolution use an x-ray photon or electron beam as the probe, which often cause damage to the photoresist film during measurement. Here, we illustrated the use of non-destructive infrared nanospectroscopy [or nano-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (nano-FTIR)] to obtain spatially resolved composition information in patterned photoresist films. Clear evidence of exposure-induced chemical modification was observed at a spatial resolution down to 40 nm, well below the diffraction limit of infrared light. With improvements, such a nano-FTIR technique with nanoscale spatial resolution, chemical sensitivity, and minimal radiation damage can be a promising candidate for the fundamental study of material properties relevant to EUV lithography.
Monochromatic X-ray Imaging System Using a W/C Multilayer Mirror

The possibility of monochromatic X-ray imaging using a conventional X-ray tube and a tungstencarbon (W/C) multilayer mirror was examined. The W/C multilayer mirror was designed to choose the characteristic X-ray (17.5 keV) generated from an X-ray tube with a molybdenum target and was fabricated by using an ion-beam sputtering deposition system. The X-ray reflectivity and the monochromaticity of the W/C multilayer mirror combined with the X-ray tube were 0.62 and 0.26 keV, respectively. Monochromatic X-ray slit images for a test sample were obtained from the monochromatic X-ray imaging system with a scanning stage. The slit images were combined together, and a full sample image was obtained. The monochromatic X-ray imaging system showed a spatial resolution of 26 lp/mm at 10% MTF, a better contrast, and a better signal-to-noise ratio compared with polychromatic X-ray imaging.
Liapunov stability analysis for PDS control of flexible multi-link manipulators

For flexible multilink manipulators, a nonlinear lumped-parameter model including centrifugal and Coriolis forces is derived on the basis of Hamilton's principle and Galerkin's modal expansion method. A control scheme called PDS (proportional-derivative-strain) control is proposed, which is composed of a conventional PD control and feedback of strain detected at the root of each link. Stability conditions of the closed-loop system are obtained by using the moment equilibrium equation for the root of each link and the direct method of Liapunov. Effects of stabilization of this PDS control scheme are discussed for a linearized model. Experimental results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed PDS control. <<ETX>>
Singular Perturbation Analysis of Energy Control Systems

In this paper the known conditions for the stability of singularly perturbed speed-gradient based control systems are extended to encompass the problems of speed-gradient based energy control of singularly perturbed Hamiltonian systems. General stability results for singularly perturbed nonlinear systems are given, which apply to the energy control of Hamiltonian systems. The application to controlled synchronization of two coupled pendulums is presented for two cases of the appearance of a small parameter in the system: the small inertia of a dynamical coupling link and the small inertia of a torquer. In both cases, comparison between asymptotic theoretical accuracy bounds and computer simulation results is performed.
A new concept of feature-based gauge for coordinate measuring arm evaluation

Articulated arm coordinate measuring machines (AACMM or CMA) have conquered a market share in the actual dimensional metrology field, overall when their role implies the inspection of geometrical and dimensional tolerances in an accurate 3D environment for medium-size parts. However, the unavoidable fact of AACMM manual operation constrains its reliability to a great extent, avoiding rigorous evaluation and casting doubt upon the usefulness of external calibration. In this research, a dimensional gauge especially aimed at AACMM evaluation has been developed. Furthermore, the operator skill will be revealed through the use of this gauge. A set of geometrical features, some of them oriented to evaluate the operator and others the equipment, have been collected for the gauge. The proposed evaluation methodology clearly distinguishes between dimensional and geometrical tolerances (with or without datum references), whereas actual verification standards only consider the former. Next, quality indicators deduced from the measurement results are proposed in order to compare AACMM versus coordinate measuring machine (CMM) performance, assuming that CMM possess the maximum accuracy that AACMM could reach, because CMM combines maximum contact accuracy with minimum operator influence. As a result, AACMM evaluation time could be significantly reduced since this gauge allows us to perform a customized evaluation of only those specific tolerances of interest to the user.
Submanifolds and a pinching problem on the second fundamental tensors

This paper gives a sufficient condition for a submanifold of a Riemannian manifold of nonnegative constant curvature to be totally umbilical. The condition will be given by an inequality which is established between the length of the second fundamental tensor and the mean curvature. Introduction. In a previous paper [4] the present author proved the following theorem. Theorem A. Let M be an n-dimensional, connected, compact hypersurface with constant mean curvature immersed in an (n + l)-dimensional Riemannian manifold of nonnegative constant curvature. If the second fundamental tensor H satisfies (n 1) trace H2 < (trace H)2, then M is a totally umbilical hypersurface and consequently a sphere. In this theorem, if the length of the second fundamental tensor is constant, then we can replace the condition that M is compact by requiring that M is complete. In this case, the estimation in Theorem A is the best possible since Sn~ x E1 in F" + I satisfies (22 l) trace H2 = (trace H)2. In this paper, the author tries to generalize this theorem to a submanifold of any codimension which is immersed in a Riemannian manifold of nonnegative constant curvature. 1. Preliminaries. Let M be an 72-dimensional submanifold of an (22 +p)-dimensional Riemannian manifold M of constant curvature c. The Riemannian connections of M and M ate denoted by V and V respectively, whereas the connection in the normal bundle of M in M is denoted by D. Let N. , • ■ • , N be mutually orthogonal unit normal vectors at a point P £ M and extend them to vector fields in a neighborhood of P. We define H . X (A = 1, 2, • • • , p) to be the tangential component of ^x^ A ^or ^ £ "^f/^ an<^ ca^ ^A tne second fundamental Received by the editors April 13, 1972. AMS (A/OS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 53C40, 53C20.
The metal-insulator phase transition in the strained GdBiTe3

In this work, we investigated the electronic structures and magnetic properties of the GdBiTe3 alloy employing a first-principles all-electron density-functional approach, aiming to understand the magnetic phase stability and electronic structure dependences on the exchange correlation potential and the strain. The results show that the ferromagnetic phase is energetically more stable over the paramagnetic phase and the metal–insulator phase transition occurs upon the lattice distortion via the strain along the perpendicular c direction, which is not influenced by the strength of correlation energy introduced to describe the localized f orbitals. Thermoelectric transport properties are also investigated to reveal that the compressive strain markedly enhances the Seebeck coefficient, which is reduced in comparison with the Bismuth telluride due to the Gd doping.
Simple C*-crossed products with a unique trace

Abstract Let (α, u) denote a cocycle-crossed action of a discrete group G on a unital C*-algebra A, and B = C*r (A, G, α, u) the associated reduced (twisted) C*-crossed product. We discuss the following problem: when is B a simple C*-algebra with a unique trace? To this aim, we introduce the concept of tracially properly outerness of actions.
Racial and ethnic variation in the negativity bias–ideology connection: A registered report

Abstract This is a registered report for a study of racial and ethnic variation in the relationship between negativity bias and political attitudes. Pioneering work on the psychological and biological roots of political orientation has suggested that political conservatism is driven in large part by enhanced negativity bias. This work has been criticized on several theoretical fronts, and recent replication attempts have failed. To dig deeper into the contours of when (and among whom) negativity bias predicts conservatism, we investigate a surprisingly overlooked factor in existing literature: race and ethnicity. We propose that political issues represent threat or disgust in different ways depending on one's race and ethnicity. We recruited 174 White, Latinx, and Asian American individuals (in equal numbers) to examine how the relationship between negativity bias and political orientation varies by race/ethnicity across four domains: policing/criminal justice, immigration, economic redistribution, and religious social conservatism.
Resistance Laws and Prediction Equations for the Depth of the Planetary Boundary Layer

Abstract A further discussion of the resistance laws for barotropic planetary boundary layers is presented. Concrete expressions are obtained for universal functions A(μ0), B(μ0) C(μ0)of Rossby number similarity theory for the Ekman boundary layer as well as of analogous functions for non-steady boundary layers. Prediction equations are proposed, which describe variations of the boundary layer depth for unstable and stable stratifications.
Dielectrophoretic particle dynamics in alternating-current electro-osmotic micropumps

This letter deals with the dynamics of dielectric microparticles in alternating-current electro-osmotic micropumps, which is based on the competitive interplay of inertial, dielectrophoretic, and viscous drag forces. The electric field and the electro-osmotic flow are modeled and computed by means of finite elements and particle trajectories are evaluated taking into account the forces above. Thereby, mean traveling height and velocity depend on driving voltage and frequency, which allows for an effective type of particle manipulation and separation. The obtained particle velocities show good agreement with measured velocities of hollow glass beads in a device realized in SU8/glass technology.
Scattering of electrons and positrons on hydrogen using the Faddeev equations

Scattering of electrons and positrons on a hydrogen atom below the H(n=2) threshold is studied by means of directly solving the modified Faddeev equations in the total angular-momentum representation. Elastic phaseshifts of the e-+H scattering and those of the e++H scattering below the Ps(n=1) threshold are obtained. K-matrix elements for the e++H and p+Ps scattering between the Ps(n=1) and H(n=2) thresholds are calculated. The results are in a good agreement with previous variational calculations.
Making Middle-Class Multiculturalism: a rejoinder

ABSTRACT In this rejoinder, I respond to generative assessments of my book, Making Middle-Class Multiculturalism, by four scholars whose own work inspired its development. I offer thoughts on four main points raised about the book’s analysis of immigration policymaking in postwar Canada: (1) the role of race and class in immigrant selection; (2) the effect of bureaucratic boundary-work on multiculturalism and “Whiteness” as elements of national identity; (3) the role of culture in immigration policymaking; and (4) the limits of bureaucratic discretion.
Small amplitude dust ion-acoustic solitary waves and double layers in a dusty plasma with flat-topped electron distribution

The properties of small but finite amplitude dust ion-acoustic (DIA) solitary waves (SWs) as well double layers (DLs) in a dusty plasma containing warm adiabatic ions, electrons following flat-topped velocity distribution, and arbitrarily (positively or negatively) charged immobile dust are studied. The effects of ion-temperature, resonant electrons, and dust number density are found to significantly modify the criteria for the existence of the DIA SWs and DLs, as well as significantly modify their basic features. It is also shown that the ion-temperature reduces the possibility for the formation of these localized structures, and that their amplitude decreases (increases) with the increase in the negative (positive) dust number density.
Time delay of interplanetary magnetic field penetration into Earth's magnetotail

Many previous studies have demonstrated that the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) can control the magnetospheric dynamics. Immediate magnetospheric responses to the external IMF have been assumed for a long time. The specific processes by which IMF penetrates into magnetosphere, however, are actually unclear. Solving this issue will help to accurately interpret the time sequence of magnetospheric activities (e.g., substorm and tail plasmoids) exerted by IMF. With two carefully selected cases, we found that the penetration of IMF into magnetotail is actually delayed by 1–1.5 h, which significantly lags behind the magnetotail response to the solar wind dynamic pressure. The delayed time appears to vary with different auroral convection intensity, which may suggest that IMF penetration in the magnetotail is controlled considerably by the dayside reconnection. Several unfavorable cases demonstrate that the penetration lag time is more clearly identified when storm/substorm activities are not involved.
Human and Physical Dilemmas in Small-Scale Irrigation Development: Evidence from Climate-Sensitive Northern Ghana

Irrigation is widely accepted as an effective adaptive management strategy for small-scale farmers of traditional rain-fed crops in areas experiencing climate change. These changes include timing of onset of the rainy season and the amount and intensity of rainfall—both issues of concern to rural farmers in northern Ghana. Despite obvious benefits, it is not apparent if farmers in this area perceive irrigation as a viable or attainable option to deal with potential food insecurity related to climate change. In this article, we examine three main issues: (1) dry spells during the early parts of the farming season, (2) impacts of these dry spells on farming systems, and (3) farmer adaptation through different agricultural water management practices. A geographic information system and remote sensing analysis using Landsat 8 and field Global Positioning System data supports findings from seventy-two in-depth interviews with smallholder farmers. Results from this integrated assessment reveal sociocultural and physical barriers to manual irrigation, including labor needs, water source proximity, and size of operational land holding. Increasing climate variability in this region will necessitate adaptation by local farmers; however, we argue that irrigation projects should not be initiated without detailed understanding of local sociocultural contexts. Effectively moving water from source to crop will require integrative knowledge of local hydrogeology and sociocultural norms.
Learning Model for Local Wisdom-based Prophet's Hadith Translation

Google Translate is a famous translation machine among students. It is just that in the Arabic-Indonesian translation, they still need to re-edit the translation. This means that there is a problem with the quality of the machine translation results, so the accuracy still needs to be improved. Therefore, it is essential to research Arabic-Indonesian translation learning. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms of Arabic-Indonesian machine translation errors. In addition, this study also offers the Ngalodern method, Indonesian local wisdom, so that students can improve the quality of Arabic-Indonesian translation. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis and uses an eclectic combination of theories to achieve the objectives of this study. There are three stages of this research. First, providing data through selected questionnaires and interviews. Second, the data analysis uses the translational equivalent method to determine the exact equivalent of meaning, while the distributional method is used to describe the level of grammatical errors. Third, is the presentation of data in the form of a table of the percentage of errors in translation cases in the field of Islam. Ngalodern, Indonesian local wisdom as an effort to improve the quality of Arabic-Indonesian translation is described descriptively. There are two findings from this research namely, The first is a description of translation errors at the level of morphemes, words, phrases, and clauses. Second, Ngalodern learning on Arabic-Indonesian translation with critical literacy based on the Sundanese culture in the field of education. In conclusion, Ngalodern learning can improve the learner's ability to edit Arabic-Indonesian machine translation results.