Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of Organosulfates in Highly Polluted Atmosphere Using Ultra‐High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Organosulfates (OSs) have recently been observed to be a potentially important constituent of secondary organic aerosol (SOA); however, their molecular characterization in highly polluted atmospheres has not been probed in detail. This study thoroughly presents the characterization of OSs in polluted air and demonstrates their seasonal and diurnal variations, formation mechanisms, and contributions to organic aerosol. Atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected from an urban Shanghai site across the winter and summer of 2017. OSs were characterized by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS). Based on exact mass formulae in conjunction with previous chamber studies, hundreds of sulfur‐containing compounds were tentatively identified as OSs. The number and abundance of OSs increased significantly during pollution episodes. The OSs in the clean aerosol samples were dominant in biogenic products, whereas the OSs in the polluted winter samples had distinctive anthropogenic characteristics. Aromatics and long‐chain alkanes from anthropogenic emissions might be their precursors. By using synthesized standards, the total concentrations of 14 quantified OSs ranged 21.6–161 ng m−3 in summer and 5.85–84.3 ng m−3 in winter, respectively. Among these OSs, glycolic acid sulfate was the most abundant species (1.13–122 ng m−3). Further analysis of their seasonal and diurnal variations suggests possible contributions from multiple formation mechanisms, including acid‐catalyzed and NO3‐initiated oxidation reactions. Our results highlight that increased anthropogenic pollutant emissions (e.g., NOx and SO2) can significantly enhance the SOA burden in biogenically influenced urban areas.
Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Middle Eastern Patients

Background and Aims: The Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs), Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), are gastrointestinal autoimmune disorders with many Extraintestinal Manifestations (EIMs). Previously reported incidences of EIMs in IBD patients have ranged from 10% to 50%. The large variation in occurrence of EIMs has been linked to genetic predisposition. Correlations between individual EIMs are unclear. Therefore, we aim to estimate the incidence of EIMs in a Middle Eastern cohort of patients with IBD and examine possible relationships with EIMs. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study involving all patients included in the King Abdulaziz University IBD information system registry between 2013 and 2018. Data on demographics, disease characteristics, and EIMs were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics: the standard Student’s t-test and chi-squared test. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations using STATA software version 11.2 (StataCorp, TX, USA). Results: We reviewed the electronic medical files of 284 patients with confirmed IBD, of which 158 (55.6%) were females, the mean age was 27.8 (±15) years; 146 (51.4%) patients had CD and 138 (48.6%) UC. The overall incidence risk of EIMs was 138 (52.3%) over a mean duration of follow up of 7.3 (±3.9) years. The most common EIM was arthritis (33%), followed by aphthous ulcers (16%). Pyoderma gangrenosum occurred in 8% of patients and appeared to be specific for CD patients (p = 0.002), whereas Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) was more specific for UC (p = 0.001). Certain EIMs appeared to occur together such as arthritis with PSC (p = 0.001). Regression analysis identified disease type (in favor of UC; odds ratio = 0.50, p = 0.03) and age at the time of diagnosis (odds ratio = 1.04, p = 0.001) as the only significant predictors of EIMs. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that more than half of IBD patients have at least one EIM. Contrary to what has often been reported, we found that EIMs occur more commonly in UC than CD. A multidisciplinary assessment is recommended as part of IBD management to improve overall health outcomes.
Empirical determination of the three-dimensional isentropic equation of state of polyethylene

ABSTRACT An isentropic equation of state (Isen-Eos) in a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) consists of four variables of PS, VS, TS and entropy S where the VS, PS and TS are variables satisfying the isentropic condition that S is constant. The typical values of isentropic derivatives at constant S = 21.35 [J/molK] and T = 313.15 [K] are αS = −1.66 × 10−3 [K−1] and γS = 13.8 [10−3 GPa] where αS and γS are isentropic thermal expansion coefficient and thermal pressure coefficient, respectively, which can compare with isobaric thermal expansion coefficient αP = 0.368 × 10−3 (K−1) and γv = 2.4 [10−3 GPa] at T = 313.15 (K). The PHug − VHug data of the Hugoniot in the shock wave compression in HDPE can be predicted by the PS − VS with S = 24.5 (J/molK) in the isentropic equation of state approximately. The temperature THug and entropy SHug in the Hugoniot in the HDPE have also been estimated by the isentropic equations of state and it has been found THug increases with pressure and reaches to about 700 K at 50 (GPa), while SHug increases with pressure in low pressure range and then reaches to constant SHug = 24.5 (J/molK) over 30∼50 GPa. The Grüneisen parameters in HDPE evaluated by SHug = 24.5(J/molK) and the isentropic equation of state are in the range of 1.0–1.5 over 0.93 < V (cm3/g) < 1.04.
Analysis of dental homologies and phylogeny of Paucituberculata (Mammalia: Marsupialia)

The Paucituberculata is an endemic group of South American marsupials, recorded from the early Cenozoic up to the present. In this report, the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Paucituberculata to date is presented. Fifty-seven terminal species were scored for 74 new and re-examined characters. Homologies of dental characters used in previous systematic studies were critically reviewed to evaluate their inclusion in the analysis. Phylogenetic results corroborated two major paucituberculatan clades, Palaeothentoidea and Caenolestoidea, and the main palaeothentoid groupings: Pichipilidae, Palaeothentidae, and Abderitidae. Taxon sampling and reinterpretations of molar cusp and crest homologies played an important role in the generation of new phylogenetic hypotheses. The main differences with respect to previous phylogenies were focused on palaeothentoid relationships: Palaeothentes boliviensis and Pilchenia lucina are not members of Palaeothentidae but instead clustered with Pilchenia intermedia and P. antiqua, forming the sister-group of a Palaeothentidae + Abderitidae clade, and Titanothentes simpsoni, previously considered a palaeothentine, is nested within the Acdestinae clade. Based on the time-calibrated phylogeny, the following stages in the paucituberculatan evolutionary history are suggested: origin of the group, in the Paleocene to early Eocene at the latest, split of Caenolestoidea and Palaeothentoidea clades during the late early to middle Eocene, evolutionary radiation of palaeothentid and abderitid lineages near the Oligocene–Eocene boundary, and decreased diversity and extinction of palaeothentoids during the middle Miocene. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 109, 441–465.
Decentralized Real-Time Optimization of Voltage Reconfigurable Cloud Computing Data Center

Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, and Adaptive Body Biasing are increasingly adopted hardware techniques to improve energy efficiency of multi-core servers by adjusting reconfigurable supply and body bias voltages. Existing algorithms cannot fulfill the potential of the techniques because random variations of workload and background traffic can lead to coupling of voltage configurations over time and hinder effective real-time reconfigurations. This paper proposes a new approach which enables multi-core servers to optimize in real-time their configurations under random traffic variations. The approach asymptotically minimizes the time-averaged energy consumption of cloud computing while maintaining platform stability in a fully decentralized fashion. Lyapunov optimization is employed to decouple and separately optimize the voltage configuration, inter- and intra-server offloading schedules among servers and over time. The voltage configuration which is non-convex is proved to increasingly exhibit convexity with growing workloads. The optimality loss from the non-convexity asymptotically diminishes. Simulations show our approach dramatically reduces the power if the cloud is lightly loaded, or converts the power to processing capacity otherwise. Embraced by theoretical breakthroughs, the approach can potentially revolutionize cloud computing.
Learning to Generate Diverse Questions from Keywords

Diverse text generation has been emerging as an important topic of natural language generation. Traditional studies on question generation mainly investigate how to generate one question based on a given input (one-to-one). In this paper, we focus on a more complex question generation task, i.e., generating a series of questions for each set of keywords (one-to-many). As an effort towards this, we propose a novel neural generative model, which incorporates context information and control signal to produce multiple diverse questions from a given fixed set of keywords. The control signal is designed to increase the diversity of questions by capturing the diverse patterns from the entire dataset. The context information is used to guarantee the generated questions are highly related to the given keywords. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model, we collect a dataset which contains 62835 questions with respect to 12567 sets of keywords. 1 To the best of our knowledge, it’s the first Chinese financial dataset for diverse question generation. The experimental results show that our model outperforms the competitor methods in terms of BLEU and Distinct. The qualitative evaluation indicates that our model is able to generate diverse and meaningful questions.
HUBUNGAN UMUR DAN JUMLAH ANAK TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN METODE KONTRASEPSI DI PUSKESMAS BULAK BANTENG SURABAYA

Kontrasepsi merupakan salah satu alat yang dapat dilakukan masyarakat untuk membantu mengendalikan lajunya pertambahan penduduk. Jumlah pengguna metode kontrasepsi jangka panjang masih rendah dibandingkan non metode kontrasepsi jangka panjang yang peminatnya masih tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap penggunaan metode kontrasepsi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bulak Banteng Surabaya. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik observasional, dengan desain menurut waktumya bersifat cross sectional study. Subjek diambil dari populasi dengan cara simple random sampling. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh faktor setiap variabel bebas terhadap penggunaan metode kontrasepsi jangka panjang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua wanita PUS (Pasangan Usia Subur) berusia 15-49 tahun yang merupakan akseptor KB metode kontrasepsi jangka panjang dan non metode kontrasepsi jangka panjang yang bertempat tinggal di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bulak Banteng Surabaya. Variabel bebas yang digunakan adalah usia dan jumlah anak yang dimiliki responden. Variabel terikat yang digunakan adalah penggunaan metode kontrasepsi. Didapatkan jumlah sebanyak 94 responden. Data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwa usia responden tidak memiliki hubungan dengan penggunaan metode konrasepsi (p=0,074 > α=0,05) sedangkan pada jumlah anak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan penggunaan metode kontrasepsi (p=0,048 < α=0,05).
Knowledge about Intestinal Worm Infection and Helminthiasis in Pregnant Women

Background: Intestinal worm infection brings negative impact in weakening health condition, nutrition, and intelligence. One of the factors that causes intestinal worm infection in pregnant women is the low knowledge of pregnant women about the importance of the food hygiene. This research aims to analyze the correlation between knowledge about intestinal worm infection and helminthiasis of pregnant women. Method: This study used observational cross sectional design. Samples were taken from the second and third trimester pregnant women in Community Health Center Kemusu 2, Boyolali District, Central of Java, Indonesia, as many as 205, with simple random sampling as the sampling technique. Knowledge about intestinal worm infection was measured by questionnaire of knowledge about intestinal worm infection. Data of intestinal worm infection was obtained from laboratory test with native method. The correlation test between knowledge and helminthiasis used rank Spearman’s rho. Conclusion: The knowledge about intestinal worm infection was considered low at 43.9% and the subjects that suffered intestinal worm infection (Ascaris lumbricoides) were 37.1%. There is a correlation between knowledge about intestinal worm infection and helminthiasis of pregnant women (p=0.001). The suggestion from this study is that there is a need to improve the level of knowledge about intestinal worm infection by women empowerment and promotive-preventive program improvement, so that it can reduce the risk of intestinal worm infection in pregnant women.
Morphology does not covary with predicted behavioral correlations of the domestication syndrome in dogs

Domesticated animals display suites of altered morphological, behavioural and physiological traits compared to their wild ancestors, a phenomenon known as the domestication syndrome (DS). Because these alterations are observed to co-occur across a wide range of present day domesticates, the traits within the DS are assumed to covary within species and a single developmental mechanism has been hypothesized to cause the observed co-occurrence. However, due to the lack of formal testing it is currently not well-resolved if the traits within DS actually covary. Here we test the hypothesis that the presence of the classic morphological domestication traits white pigmentation, floppy ears and curly tails predict the strength of behavioural correlations in support of the DS in 78 dog breeds. Contrary to the expectations of covariation among DS traits, we found that morphological traits did not covary among themselves, nor did they predict the strength of behavioural correlations among dog breeds. Further, the number of morphological traits in a breed did not predict the strength of behavioural correlations. Our results thus contrast with the hypothesis that the DS arises due to a shared underlying mechanism, but more importantly, questions if the morphological traits embedded in the DS are actual domestication traits or post-domestication improvement traits. For dogs, it seems highly likely that strong selection for breed specific morphological traits only happened recently in relation to breed formation. Present day dogs therefore have limited bearing of the initial selection pressures applied during domestication and we should reevaluate our expectations of the DS accordingly.
Analysis of a reaction–diffusion SVIR model with a fixed latent period and non-local infections

This paper concerns with a reaction–diffusion susceptible-vaccinated-infectious-recovered model with a fixed latent period. The model is formulated as a non-local and time-delayed reaction–diffusion model due to the fact that an individual infected by the disease in one place may not stay at the same space in the domain due to the movement of human during the incubation period. We then derive the basic reproduction number as the spectral radius of the next infection operator and show that it serves as a threshold role in predicting whether the disease will spread. Further, the explicit formula of basic reproduction number is obtained when all model parameters to be positive constants and the domain to the one-dimensional case. Moreover, we demonstrate the differences in the form of basic reproduction number between the standard incidence and bilinear incidence rate.
Presence and Persistence of Poverty in U.S. Tax Data

This paper presents new estimates of the level and persistence of poverty among U.S. households since the Great Recession. We build annual household data files using U.S. income tax filings between 2007 and 2018. These data allow us to track individuals over time and measure how tax policies affect poverty trends. Using an after-tax household income measure, we estimate that while roughly 1 in 10 people are in poverty in any given year, over 4 in 10 people spent at least one year in poverty between 2007 and 2018. This implies substantial mobility in and out of poverty—for example, 41 percent of those in poverty in 2007 were out of poverty in the following year. Others spend multiple years in poverty or escape poverty only to fall back into it. Of those in poverty in 2007, one-third were in poverty for at least half of the years through 2018.
QoE Analysis in Cache-Enabled Multi-UAV Networks

This paper presents a quality of experience (QoE)-guided content delivery framework in cache-enabled multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks, measured from the content delay index (CDI), which is formulated based on the latency involved in the delivery of contents requested by ground-based mobile users. The mobile users use the cellular devices to raise the content requests. Additionally, multiple UAVs act as aerial base stations to deliver the requested contents to ground-based mobile users. The proposed work aims to maximize the QoE. Additionally, the existing works do not consider the necessity of creating groups of ground-based mobile users based on geographic locations in order to provide contents seamlessly. Therefore, we construct an optimization problem to maximize the average CDI, which is proved as an NP-hard problem. Further, multiple UAVs incur the challenges of placing the UAVs in 3D space over the distributed ground-based mobile users. To solve this NP-hard problem, we propose QoE analysis in cache-enabled multi-UAV networks (QMUN). It functions in three steps. First, it creates clusters for the ground-based mobile users using the K-means algorithm and finds the optimized 2D positions of all the UAVs. Second, it finds the optimized heights of all UAVs before assigning them to the individual cluster. Finally, it infuses proactive content caching and optimizes the cache policy. Therefore, the delay associated with the content delivery is minimized, which leads to the generation of high value of CDI. The results of simulation depict the usefulness of QMUN in terms of average CDI, average throughput, average end-to-end delay, and user satisfaction. Specifically, the results depict that the average CDI of each user improves by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11.04$</tex-math></inline-formula>%, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.46$</tex-math></inline-formula>%, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$17.88$</tex-math></inline-formula>% compared to the QMUN Without Cache (QMUN-WC), Greedy, and Random Selection (RS).
Kepadatan Fitoplankton dan Larva Nyamuk Aedes albopictus pada Tempat Perindukan di Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh

This study was conducted to determine the density index of phytoplankton and Aedes albopictus larvae found in breeding sites. The object of research was phytoplankton and Aedes albopictus larvae taken at Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh. Data was collected in December 2014 and January 2015. This study used a descriptive exploratory design. The research parameters are the type and density of phytoplankton found in various breeding places found at the study site. Data on the density of Aedes albopictus larvae was analyzed using the House and Container Index, and Density Index. This study found 15 species of phytoplankton with the larvae density index was 203 ind/L and phytoplankton density index was 649 ind/L.
Fitting a quart in a pint pot: a comparison of selected alcoholic drinks produced in Nigeria and the UK

Abstract This study compared volume, alcohol by volume (ABV), alcohol units, and health warnings on product labels of selected alcoholic beverages simultaneously produced in Nigeria and the UK. The volume, ABV, alcohol units, and health warnings in a total of 13 alcoholic beverage brands simultaneously produced in Nigeria and the UK were documented from product labels and compared. Alcohol units were calculated by multiplying ABV% with volume (milliliters), divided by 1000. There was variation in volume, ABV, alcohol units, and health warnings on product labels. Beer and stout brands produced in Nigeria were sold in 600 mL bottles containing higher ABV and alcohol units compared with similar brands in the UK sold in 400 mL bottles containing smaller ABV and alcohol units. Pregnancy and drink driving warnings were present on 18.2% of product labels of alcoholic beverages produced in Nigeria. The high ABV, alcohol unit, and absence of health warnings on product labels might explain the high level of alcohol consumed, drunk driving and road traffic accidents in Nigeria. Reducing the ABV and alcohol units in beers and stouts while displaying health warnings on product labels would have the potential for reducing harmful alcohol consumption and related harms in Nigeria and the UK.
Development of an immunobiosensor assay for the beta-adrenergic compound zilpaterol

Abstract A surface plasmon resonance biosensor method was developed to measure zilpaterol residues in sheep urine. A CM-5 sensor chip previously reacted with ethylenediamine to produce an aminoethyl group was coupled with 4-carboxybutyl zilpaterol activated using EDC/NHS. Five polyclonal and four monoclonal antibodies were screened for their suitability to detect low levels of zilpaterol using the biosensor technology. Total binding was greater for polyclonal than monoclonal antibodies, but a less diluted antibody solution was required for polyclonal antibodies. A fixed antibody concentration and various concentrations of zilpaterol were injected to obtain a standard curve for each antibody to allow for B0 and IC50 determination. The stability of the assay was assessed by the consistency of B0 in repeated experiments extending at least six hours. A measure of non-specific binding allowed the assessment of the specificity of the antibody-immobilized ligand interaction. The effect of varying concentrations of urine on B0 and IC50 was evaluated to assess the degree of “matrix” effect that would be present in an assay. Based on these criteria the most promising antibody (2E10, a monoclonal antibody) was selected for further evaluation. This antibody had good sensitivity with IC50=4.47±0.41 ng/ml (n=11) in buffer). Both intra- and inter-assay variation studies showed excellent recovery and reproducibility for concentrations between 2 ng/ml and 8 ng/ml. A comparison of the biosensor method with a previously developed ELISA demonstrated that both methods give equivalent results (slope of the correlation plot = 1.02) with a high correlation (r2=0.91) between them.
Press Release by Medco E&P Malaka on Serambi Indonesia Online News Coverage

The study aims to analyze the public relations work suitability of PT Medco E&P Malaka related to community empowerment and social responsibility on Education and Training of 40 Acehnese Children in PPSDM-Cepu. International Standard Ambulance given for Pidie Jaya and the support from Medco E&P Malaka in the event Sail Sabang 2018 conducted by the company and press-released by Serambi Indonesia online in 2018. A qualitative approach with a case study method was employed in this study. The results showed that the point of view of journalists/media is dissimilar from the point of view of a company in writing a text. When media tend to publish articles based on a press release distributed by a company, then the company’s image and reputation will be affected and become positive.