Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tracking the last elephants in Europe during the Würm Pleniglacial: the importance of the Late Pleistocene aeolianite record in SW Iberia

Abstract In his short joint ventures across the world of vertebrate tracks, Richard Bromley recognized the aeolian sands as unsuitable soft substrates for their preservation. Only after his work in the Balearic Islands, a more systematic study of coastal aeolianites worldwide revealed that these depositional systems could preserve a highly important record of behavioural trace fossils for the evolution of vertebrates, especially in the Pleistocene, including extinct megafauna and the escalation of the Homo. Here we describe coastal aeolianites from the upper Pleistocene of SW Iberia, namely SW Portugal and Gibraltar, with trackways, tracks and trampled surfaces of the last elephants in mainland Europe. Photogrammetric 3 D modelling and analysis of the relevant proboscidean track levels allowed revision of and support for previous ichnotaxonomic identification to Proboscipeda panfamilia and behavioural interpretations of the producer. Smaller and very large trackways and footprints attributed to Palaeoloxodon antiquus are described and discussed according to new and recent, but always rare findings. The seeming progressive and definitive extinction of this species towards southern Iberia, following the same pattern for the replacement of the Neanderthals during the last initial Pleniglacial (until ca. 28 ka), suggests evidence for co-evolution.
Modeling the Shape and Evolution of Normal‐Fault Facets

Facets formed along the footwalls of active normal‐fault blocks display a variety of longitudinal profile forms, with variations in gradient, shape, degree of soil cover, and presence or absence of a slope break at the fault trace. We show that a two‐dimensional, process‐oriented cellular automaton model of facet profile evolution can account for the observed morphologic diversity. The model uses two dimensionless parameters to represent fault slip, progressive rock weathering, and downslope colluvial‐soil transport driven by gravity and stochastic disturbance events. The parameters represent rock weathering and soil disturbance rates, respectively, scaled by fault slip rate; both can be derived from field‐estimated rate coefficients. In the model's transport‐limited regime, slope gradient depends on the ratio of disturbance to slip rate, with a maximum that represents the angle of repose for colluvium. In this regime, facet evolution is consistent with nonlinear diffusion models of soil‐mantled hillslope evolution. Under the weathering‐limited regime, bedrock becomes partly exposed but microtopography helps trap some colluvium even when facet gradient exceeds the threshold angle. Whereas the model predicts a continuous gradient from footwall to colluvial wedge under transport‐limited behavior, fully weathering‐limited facets tend to develop a slope break between footwall and basal colluvium as a result of reduced transport efficiency on the rocky footwall slope. To the extent that the model provides a reasonable analogy for natural facets, its behavior suggests that facet profile morphology can provide useful constraints on relative potential rates of rock weathering, soil disturbance, and fault slip.
Guide to the butterflies of Rissia and adjacent territories (lepidoptera, rhopalocera)

The second of the two volume set "Guide to the butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories" provides information about the butterfly families libytheidae, danaidae, nymphalidae, riodinidae and lycaenidae, occuring in the former Soviet Union - which comprises of approximately one-sixth of the worlds landmass. There is information covering more than 870 species or subspecies, of which nine lycaenid species are described as new to science, and numerous taxonomic innovations are proposed.
Mobility and Proximity in Biological Membranes

Made up of a thin layer of protein and lipid, cell membranes play a vital role in the human body's immunity system. This text covers current research on the structure of cell surface membranes, new techniques and future trends. It analyzes the significance of the proximity of cell surface elements and describes investigative methods for molecular proximities, particularly by flow cytometry. The book focuses on the importance of the electrophysiology of lymphocytes (cells responsible for immunity) in different diseases.
Sistrunk’s operation: Ten years’ experience in a teaching hospital

Introduction: Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is a congenital condition that results from persistence of thyroglossal duct. It commonly presents in the midline neck as a painless nodule. On physical examination, it moves with protrusion of tongue and on swallowing. Meticulous clinical history and physical examination are sufficient to make a correct preoperative diagnosis. Ultrasonography of the neck and fine needle aspiration cytology are other useful tools in the diagnosis. Although a congenital anomaly, it usually presents in the first and second decades of life. The standard treatment of choice for thyroglossal duct cyst is Sistrunk’s operation. The aims of this study are to identify the age of presentation of patients with thyroglossal cyst, its site of occurrence in relation to hyoid bone and to look for the patterns of recurrence after Sistrunk’s operation. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study with 34 patients over a period of ten years operated by a single surgeon. Patients treated by Sistrunk’s operation and confirmed as the thyroglossal duct after histopathology report were included in the study. Their demographic data, age at presentation, surgical treatment and recurrence rate were noted and analysis were made. Results: There was slight male predominance, majority of the thyroglossal cysts were found in the pediatric population and below the hyoid bone, and there were acceptable recurrences. Conclusion: Thyroglossal duct cyst is a disease of children. Sistrunk’s operation is the standard surgical procedure with minimal recurrence.
Phylogenetic farming: Can evolutionary history predict crop rotation via the soil microbiome?

Agriculture has long employed phylogenetic rules whereby farmers are encouraged to rotate taxonomically unrelated plants in shared soil. Although this forms a central tenet of sustainable agriculture, strangely, this on‐farm “rule of thumb” has never been rigorously tested in a scientific framework. To experimentally evaluate the relationship between phylogenetic distance and crop performance, we used a plant–soil feedback approach whereby 35 crops and weeds varying in their relatedness to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were tested in a two‐year field experiment. We used community profiling of the bacteria and fungi to determine the extent to which soil microbes contribute to phenotypic differences in crop growth. Overall, tomato yield was ca. 15% lower in soil previously cultivated with tomato; yet, past the species level there was no effect of phylogenetic distance on crop performance. Soil microbial communities, on the other hand, were compositionally more similar between close plant relatives. Random forest regression predicted log10 phylogenetic distance to tomato with moderate accuracy (R2 = .52), primarily driven by bacteria in the genus Sphingobium. These data indicate that, beyond avoiding conspecifics, evolutionary history contributes little to understanding plant–soil feedbacks in agricultural fields; however, microbial legacies can be predicted by species identity and relatedness.
Tightening torque of implant abutment using hand drivers against torque wrench and its effect on the internal surface of implant

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the torque rendered by a handheld driver and a torque wrench and thereby evaluate its effect on the internal threads of implant. Setting and Design: An in-vitro comparison of implant abutment torque using a digital torque gauge. Materials and Methods: Thirty participants were randomly selected and were asked to torque two samples of mounted abutment analogs, one using a handheld driver and other with a torque wrench. The hex was then attached to the digital torque gauge to record the amount of torque generated and the recorded values were compared. Simultaneously, impressions of the internal threads of implant were taken using light body putty material before and after torque application. The samples were viewed under a stereomicroscope and the measurement of the initial four threads was compared. Statistical Analysis Used: The data was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 20.0 software. The intergroup comparison was done using one sample t-test , and the internal threads were analyzed using ANOVA statistical analysis. Results: The results obtained showed that the torque generated using a handheld driver was higher (27–43 Ncm) than that of torque wrench (28–35 Ncm). Torque wrench values were within the manufacturer's recommendation. The mean of internal thread changes of the handheld driver and torque wrench was 861.033 mm and 864.350 mm, respectively, showing an insignificant difference. One-way ANOVA test showed P < 0.01 and difference of 11 mm for posttreatment hand torque and 14 mm for posttreatment torque wrench values. Conclusions: The mechanical torque instrument showed specified torque values as recommended by the manufacturer. Consequently, the internal threads of the implants did not undergo any significant change using hand tightening or using a torque wrench.
Population and Evolutionary Genetics

The Drosophila claudin Kune-kune is required for septate junction organization and tracheal tube size control . Systematic epistasis analysis of the contributions of protein kinase A-and mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling to nutrient limitation-evoked responses in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Autophosphorylation within the Atg1 activation loop is required for both kinase activity and the induction of autophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 871—882
COVID-19: A Review on Molecular Basis, Pathogenic Mechanisms, Therapeutic Aspects and Future Projections

The SARS-CoV-2 is a recently identified positive sense single stranded RNA virus and member of the coronavirus family of viruses. It is thought to be the etiological factor for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This virus is thought to have originated from bats and acquired ability of human-to-human transmission. While SARS-CoV-2 is relatively benign, it has infected more than half a million people (as of March 29th 2020) worldwide and the number of infected people continues to rise. More than 170 countries have reported COVID-19 positive cases. With a mortality rate of less than both the previous coronavirus outbreaks, COVID-19 has (conversely) caused the death of over 33,980 (as of 29th March, 2020 at 22.00 hours EDT) people worldwide and the number is increasing. Given the enormous impact of this virus on human health and wellbeing and consequent devastating impacts on world trade, economics and quality of life, it is important to understand this virus better and get insight into its pathogenic mechanisms which will aid in devising effective measure to curb its spread and predict future pattern of its interaction with humans. Though very little is known about this SARS-CoV-2 but its mechanisms and patterns of spread can be speculated (with caution, nevertheless) from what we know about its closest relatives SARS-CoV-1 (responsible for SARS-2002 epidemic) and MERS-CoV (responsible for MERS-2012 epidemic). In the present review, we aim at bringing together the coherent and peer reviewed literature about the SARS-CoV-2 and its close relatives and try to understand its infection patterns and reconstruct its pathogenic mechanisms with anecdotes on diagnosis and future directions. We hope that this paper will serve the purpose of being a reliable source of information to scientists, clinicians and general public.
The Effect Double Job of Audit Committee Member in Remuneration Committee on Audit Fees

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of double job member of audit committee in remuneration committee on audit fees. This study refers to the Kalerkar (2012), by modifying the use of control variables and research samples. The dependent variables of this study is audit fees, the independent variable is double job in membership of audit committee at remuneration committee, this study also uses control variables to determine audit fees, there are audit risk, audit complexity, auditor characteristics, and audit committee characteristics. This study uses secondary data from annual reports and financial reports of all banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2017. The research sample was taken by purposive sampling method. The total sample in this study is 41 companies. The analysis method used in this study is the multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that double job in membership of audit committee at the remuneration committee negatively affects the price of audit fees. Keywords: Audit Fees, Audit Committee, Remuneration Committee, Double job member of audit committee in remuneration committee.
Electrical conductivity structure along a few transects over the Indian Lithospheric domains

This paper presents a brief review of the electrical signatures of the subsurface structure of the Indian lithosphere along a few transacts across some of the important geological provinces using modelling results from magnetotelluric (MT) studies. The case studies discussed here includes the Himalayan collision zone, Deccan Volcanic Province, Narmada-son Lineament zone, Dharwar and East India Cratons, Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT). The subsurface electrical models discussed are mostly from broad band and long period MT studies, providing deeper structural information. In the Himalayas, the thrust system, mainly the Main Central Thrust and Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone are reflected as low resistive zones. Several hidden basement fractures/faults are identified in the Deccan Volcanic Province, some of which might have facilitated magma spreading vertically as well as horizontally. The MT models provided a broad view of the plumbing geometry of the Deccan volcanics. An Archean suture zone has been identified in the western Dharwar carton. Electric Moho has been delineated in the Eastern Indian Craton suggesting absence of conducting continental lower crust in this region. MT models in the Kutch region imaged a fluidized zone to which the observed seismicity in the region is shown to be confined. In the south, the Achankovil Shear Zone (ACSZ) in the SGT is reflected as a well-defined north dipping conductive structure, which might have played a significant role in the subduction-collision tectonic processes of the region. Largescale 3D cooperative modelling studies coupled with seismological and gravity models is the key approach to derive a geologically meaningful model of the lithospheric structure, a way forward.
Clinical characteristics and reasons of different duration from onset to release from quarantine for patients with COVID-19 Outside Hubei province, China.

Objective: To find out more characteristics and rules of COVID-19 by analyzing the clinical course of COVID-19 patients in a region outside Hubei province. Methods: 37 cases diagnosed adult COVID-19 cases of general characteristics, history of epidemiology, chronic underlying diseases,clinical symptoms and complications, chest CT, biochemical monitoring, severity assessment, treatment and outcome were retrospectively analyzed, and according to the duration from onset to release from quarantine were divided into 20-day group and > 20-day group, compare the similarities and differences between the two groups. Results: Among the 37 patients, 5 were mild, 30 were moderate, 1 was severe and 1 was critical. All the patients were released from quarantine without death. The average duration from onset to release from quarantine was 20.2±6.6 days, The average length of stay from onset to hospitalization was 4.1±3.7 days, and hospitalization duration average 16.1± 6.2 days. The average age was 44.3±1.67 years. 78.4% of cases were caused by exposure to a confirmed patient or the workplace of a confirmed patient. The main symptoms were cough (67.6%), fever( 62.2%), shortness of breath (32.4%), fatigue (24.3%), sore throat (21.6%,) vomiting or diarrhea (21.6%). The white blood cell count was decreased in 27.0% of the patients, and the lymphocyte count was decreased in 62.2% of the patients, of which 43.5% patients were <0.6 × 109/L. On admission, 86.5% of patients with chest CT showed pneumonia, including some asymptomatic patients. 68.8% of patients showed bilateral infiltration. In the > 20-day group, the average age was 49.9±1.38 years old, and the duration from onset to hospitalization was 5.5±3.9 days. Compared with the ≤20-day group, the age was older and and duration was longer, P < 0.05. All the 7 asymptomatic patients were ≤20-day group. When 37 patients were released from quarantine, the white blood cell count of 16.2% patients was <4.0 × 109/L, and the lymphocyte count of 59.5% patients was <1.1×109/L, and the absolute count of white blood cells and lymphocytes was 5.02 ± 1.34×109/L and 1.03± 0.34×109/L respectively , compared with those on admission, P >0.05. Conclusion: The majority of COVID-19 cases in the study area were mild and moderate, with good clinical outcomes. There were some special characteristics in the clinical process. The reasons of duration from onset to release from quarantine were complex. There was no significant change in the number of granulocytes at the time of release from quarantine compared to the time of admission.
Marketing in Banking Sector and Digital Ecosystems

— Currently, the banking sector is undergoing significant changes due to the development of digital technologies and changes in consumer behavior. In the context of increased competition, banks are looking for new ways to attract and retain customers, focusing on omnichannel service strategies and the development of a digital ecosystem. Thus, there is a need for additional research on customer experience and identification of the most promising areas of interaction with customers in the banking sector. The authors conducted a qualitative study, which included 4 focus groups and 6 in-depth interviews with participants of different ages, as well as a pilot quantitative study of the users most involved in using digital services. The results of the study made it possible to design a customer journey map for different categories of clients, to identify the most significant digital services and potential requests regarding existing and promising platforms and marketplaces.
Seafood Science : Advances in Chemistry, Technology and Applications

Introduction to Seafood Sciences. Fermentation Method in Food and Derivatives. Seafood Cooking Method in Nutritional Quality. Fish Skin as Useful Additives. Fish Protein Coating to Enhance the Shelf Life of Fishery Products. Fish Protein Coating to Enhance the Shelf Life of Fishery Products. Determinationing Technology in Fish Quality and Seafood. Recovery of Fish Protein Using pH Shift Processing. Cold Gelatin for Seafood Restructuration. The Role of Transglutaminase Enzyme in Improving Gel Properties of the Fish Gel. Effect on a Fish Quality and Preservation Technique of Degradation Products of Trimethylamine-N-oxide. Dioxin in Fish. Chitosan: A Booming Bio-Based Nanocomposite in Seafood Industry and Aquaculture. Recent Development in the Area of Shrimp Quality Evaluation, Optimization and a Case Study of Tracebility System. Immune and Antiaging Properties of Bioactives Extracted from Seaweed. Chemistry, Technology and Applications of Food Hydrocolloids from Seaweeds. Arsenic in Seaweeds: Presence, Bioavailability and Specification. Sea Cucumber Aquaculture. Application of Microbial Fermentation in Seaweed Processing. Handling and Processing Technology of Indonesia Seaweeds. Application of Seafood by Products in the Food Industry. Biological Properties of Seafood Processing Byproducts. Freeze-Dried Seafood Products. Selenium-Health Benefit Values as Seafood Safety Criteria. Role of Bacteria in Seafood Products. Fish and Shellfish Diseases.
Morphological Characterization of Prickled and Prickle-free Rubus Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

Caneberry crops (raspberry and blackberry) are globally commercialized specialty crops with a high fresh market value. Field management of canes and harvesting of fruits can be complicated by the presence of prickles (the botanically accurate term rather than spines or thorns) on the stems, petioles, and underside of the leaves. Both field management and fruit harvesting could be simplified by the development of cultivars with prickle-free canes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze and compare prickle development in different Rubus species. Comparisons were made between prickled vs. prickle-free red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.), blackberry (Rubus hybrid), complex hybrid with purple fruit (R. occidentalis × R. idaeus), and the hairy and prickled wineberry (Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim). Samples from stems and leaves with petioles attached were used for imaging. There were distinct differences between prickled vs. prickle-free phenotypes in each species. The images of prickle development suggest that prickles either develop directly from glandular trichomes (in red raspberry and wineberry) or that the signal originates from glandular trichomes (in blackberry). Black raspberry prickle development was similar to that of blackberry, suggesting that prickles developed after a developmental signal from glandular trichomes rather than as a direct development from glandular trichomes. The prickle development in the purple hybrid was unique in the presence of one-sided lumps in the trichomes, which has not been seen in any other Rubus species to date; however, both prickled and prickle-free plants exhibited simple nonglandular trichomes. Unlike previous studies, an increase in the number of simple trichomes was not specific to prickle-free plants, but rather variability among the different genotypes was observed. This study adds to the basic understanding of prickle development in the genus Rubus as a first step in the development of prickle-free versions of important cultivars through gene-editing procedures for improving the ease of field management and harvesting.
The effect of growth hormone on the intracellular amino acid profiles in mammary gland of lactating cows

The New Zealand Society of Animal Production in publishing the conference proceedings is engaged in disseminating information, not rendering professional advice or services. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production and the New Zealand Society of Animal Production expressly disclaims any form of liability with respect to anything done or omitted to be done in reliance upon the contents of these proceedings.
Colorectal tumour characteristics and oncological outcome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be at higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but it is unclear whether they have worse surgical and oncological outcomes compared with patients with sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC). The aim of this paper is to determine whether there are differences in surgical and oncological outcomes following treatment for IBD‐CRC and SCRC.