Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual variation in the advertisement calls of a Neotropical treefrog (Scinax constrictus)

Studies of the variability of signals at different levels are important to resolve issues related to the evolution of a species’ recognition system. We analysed the variation within males, among individuals, and among three breeding seasons in the advertisement calls of Scinax constrictus, a Neotropical hylid frog endemic to the Cerrado of Brazil. We assessed the influence of different temperature ranges and different body condition ranges over a three-year period of breeding season on the acoustical features of the advertisement calls of 62 individuals. Air temperature had negative relationship with call duration and note number. Body condition had a negative relationship with the dominant frequency and positive effects on pulse number and note duration. The acoustic parameters of S. constrictus were stable across breeding seasons. Temporal parameters were highly variable within individuals, whereas the dominant frequency was the most stereotyped property of advertisement calls. Individuals of S. constrictus have sufficient among-male variability, especially for temporal parameters (call duration, number of notes, and note duration), to permit discrimination between conspecific calling males at a reproductive site by statistical analysis. The results highlight the informativeness of non-invasive bioacoustic features for population-level studies and biological conservation.
Ring Chromosome 22, Mood Disorder and Sodium Valproate (A Case Report)

Ring chromosome, also known as ring 22, or r (22), was first reported by Weleber and confirmed by Magenis (Weleber et al., 1968). So far, only a few cases have been described. Its incidence is considered to be one per million in the UK. It arises from terminal breaks on both arms of chromosome 22 followed by fusion. Although familial cases have been described, it is mainly considered to be caused by spontaneous or de novo errors very early in the development of the embryo (Battini et al., 2004). The physical phenotype is not very distinct with mild and variable dysmorphic features. Cognitive aspects are of moderate to severe learning disability. Behavioural aspects are absence of speech and autistic behaviour. Bipolar affective disorder has been described in ring chromosome 22 (Sovner et al., 1996; MacLean et al., 2000).
The impact of two insecticides on predatory ground beetles (Carabidae) in newly‐sown grass

Summary Field scale experiments carried out over three years showed that chlorpyrifos reduced the numbers of several carabid beetle species caught in pitfall traps. Fonofos seed treatment was also shown to affect selected species. Consideration of the biology of individuals of groups of species provided explanations of why some species such as Nebria brevicollis, Notiophilus spp. , Bembidion spp. , and Trechus quadristriatus were severely affected by one or other of the chemicals, whereas other species (e.g. Amara spp., Harpalus spp.) were able to survive or recolonise pastures shortly after chemical application. Measurements of elytral and pronotal widths and counts of mature eggs in N. brevicollis, which was trapped in reduced numbers over a long period, were made and provided some information about the mode of action of these chemicals.
Absolute Versus Relative Fracture Risk

In 1988, Hui et al. reported the important finding that absolute risk for fracture rises with increasing age for the same level of BMD. My co-authors and I agree, and this principle is stated as the first sentence of the Discussion in our paper. We also agree that, although relative risk is important in assessing the strength of the association between BMD and fracture, clinical decisions should be made based on absolute and excess risk. NORA is the first study describing the relationship between BMD and fractures in a very large cohort of postmenopausal women that includes >76,000 women 65 years of age and also >87,000 women between ages 50 and 64, an age group from whom there have been very limited data regarding fracture outcomes. As we have reported, within 1 year after baseline, there were many more fractures in the older women (who were at greater absolute risk than the younger women), although over one-third of the fractures overall and one-fifth of the hip fractures occurred in women <65 years of age. The primary focus of our paper, however, was the relationship between BMD and 1-year fracture outcomes in both younger and older postmenopausal women, also not previously evaluated with such large numbers of individuals. We showed that whether women are <65 or >65 years of age, those with lower BMD have a greater risk of fracture in the next year than those with higher BMD, and that these relative risk relationships are similar in both groups. With longer-term follow-up and larger numbers of reported fractures over time, we will be able to address comparisons of absolute, excess, and relative risk for fracture in NORA participants of different ages, the issue raised by Hui and Johnston in their letter and the subject of an abstract from the NORA study presented at the 2004 ASBMR meeting. I am somewhat troubled by the comment that the title of our paper and the last sentence of the microabstract are “misleading. ” The words, “predictive value of low BMD for fracture outcomes,” imply a relative risk relationship, and in the full abstract, we use the term relative risk in both the results section and in the one-sentence conclusion to indicate what follows in the full paper. With respect, I don’t believe that those who read the paper (or at least the full abstract) will come away feeling misled. The paper speaks for itself.
Survival and Growth of Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus in Saline Groundwaters of West Texas, USA

Abstract. — West Texas saline groundwaters were assessed as potential media for culturing red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. In 30-d bioassays with juvenile red drum (0.4–3.0 g), highest survival was 85% in a 5-ppt (parts per thousand = g/L) salinity, high-sulfate (1,723 mg/L SO4-2), high-calcium (427 mg/L Ca±2) groundwater from a windmill catchment pond in Pecos County. The lowest survival was 0% in a 35-ppt saline groundwater from a gravel pit, also in Pecos County. In complementary bioassays of low-salinity (<5 ppt) groundwaters from the same region, calcium chloride (CaCl2) addition to a 3-ppt. Reeves County ground-water low in Ca±2 resulted in the greatest increase in survival (0–93). It was unclear whether the beneficial effect of CaCl2 was a result of increasing Ca±2 concentration (36–336 mg/L), increasing Cl- concentration (639–1,296 mg/L). or both. The concentration of total dissolved solids (“salinity”) appears to be the single most important consideration in estimating the red drum aquaculture potential of a groundwater, with the optimum salinity being 5–15 ppt. Concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and selenium (Se) tended to be higher in west Texas groundwaters than in typical U. S. surface waters. However, based on current maximum tolerable daily intake recommendations, red drum cultured for 30 d in west Texas groundwaters contained whole-body As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Se concentrations that would not pose a substantial health risk to adult human consumers.
Research on sublevel open stoping recovery processes of inclined medium-thick orebody on the basis of physical simulation experiments

The gently inclined medium-thick orebody is generally viewed as difficult to extract. This paper presents a sublevel open stoping using long-hole with back filling method, particularly for inclined medium-thick orebodies. This method not only changes the temporal sequence of ore stoping and realizes transportation using gravity and trackless devices, but also improves production capacity and efficiency. Nonetheless, this method also has some disadvantages; for example, the orebody has more contact with country rock, and the method has a more complex loss and dilution process. This paper starts with the analysis of the results of physical simulation experiments that examine the interactive relationship among the lower stope footwall dip angle, the footwall surface roughness, draw point interval and production blast ring and concludes their influence on the ore-recovery ratio in each production cycle. Secondly, based on physical simulation results, the multivariate linear fit was carried out on the SPSS using the dimensional analysis method. Thus a statistical model was developed for investigating the influence of gently inclined medium thick orebody, the footwall dip angle, the footwall roughness and interval of draw points on the recovery ratio, which can accurately forecast the ore-recovery ratio under different parameters in the physical simulation process. The optimal structural parameters obtained from physical simulation and statistical analysis was then applied to industrial experiments. Based on the 3D laser scanning during in-suit experiments, it was found that the lower stope had an 82% recovery ratio and an 18% dilution ratio, while the upper stope had a recovery ratio of 85% and a dilution ratio of 12%. Moreover, the production capacity could be up to 600t/d. The physical simulation and industrial experiments both demonstrate that the new mining method can be adopted for the safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick orebodies.
Body shape and size divergence among populations of Poecilia vivipara in coastal lagoons of south‐eastern Brazil

Geometric shape analyses were used to study body shape and size variation among populations of the livebearing fish Poecilia vivipara inhabiting the recently formed coastal lagoons of Grussai and Iquipari in Northern Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The largest components of morphological variation among females were between different habitats in the same lagoon, whereas for males there were larger differences between lagoons than between habitats. The shape differences were mostly localized in the head region and midbody, which indicated different patterns of locomotion and foraging behaviour optimized for the habitat experienced by each population. The pattern of size variation was similar to that of size-independent shape variation.
An efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration in Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) through callus.

The reproducible indirect in vitro regeneration system through callus was developed in Java citronella ( Cymbopogon winterianus ) for genotype Bio-13. Tender leaves from the lower portion of the citronella culms were used as explants. The MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2, 4-D (1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 mg/l) alone or in combination of BAP (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/l) were used for callus induction. For regeneration of plantlets MS media with different concentrations of BAP (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/l) alone or in combination with NAA (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/l) were employed. The induction of organogenic callus was highest in medium containing 5 mg/l 2, 4-D with 99.66 per cent explants showing callus formation. At higher concentration of BAP (0.5 mg/l) shoots were initiated rapidly from the callus within 13 days. The root formation response was best in MS medium containing 3.0 mg/l NAA (83.33 % shoots formed roots within 25 to 30 days). The regenerated plantlets transferred to autoclaved garden soil, soilrite and sand in 1:1:1 proportion and irrigated with half strength MS solution showed 85 per cent survival rate after three weeks.
Exploring Prostate Cancer Patients’ Interest and Preferences for Receiving Genetic Risk Information About Cancer Aggressiveness

The number of cases of aggressive prostate cancer is increasing. Differentiating between aggressive and indolent cases has resulted in increased difficulty for the physician and patient to decide on the best treatment option. Due to this challenge, efforts are underway to profile genetic risk for prostate cancer aggressiveness, which may help physicians and patients at risk for developing aggressive prostate cancer to select an appropriate treatment option. This study explores patients’ interest in receiving genetic results, preference for how genetic risk information should be communicated, and willingness to share results with adult male first-degree relatives (FDRs). A nine-item survey was adapted to assess their beliefs and attitudes about genetic testing for prostate cancer aggressiveness. In addition, participants (n = 50) responded to hypothetical scenarios and questions associated with perceived importance of risk disclosure, preferences for receiving genetic risk information, and sharing of results with FDRs. As the hypothetical risk estimate for aggressive prostate cancer increased, patients’ willingness to receive genetic risk information increased. This study found that most patients preferred receiving genetic risk education in the form of a DVD (76%), one-page informational sheet (75%), or educational booklet (70%). Almost all patients (98%) reported that they would be willing to share their test results with FDRs. The results of this study highlight prostate cancer patients’ desire to receive and share genetic risk information. Future research should focus on assessing the long-term benefits of receiving genetic information for prostate cancer patients and implications of sharing this information with FDRs.
Effects of nitrogen and the plant growth regulator chlormequat on grain size, nitrogen content and amino acid composition of triticale

SUMMARY Field experiments were conducted in Scotland between 1985 and 1987 to examine the responses of mean grain weight and nitrogen content of triticale cultivars to levels of applied nitrogen from 0 to 180 kg N/ha and the plant growth regulator chlormequat. Cultivar differences were seen for both these characters. Mean grain weight generally declined as yield increased, whether with nitrogen or with chlormequat. Nitrogen content of the grain decreased as grain size increased. Nitrogen recovery (g/m2) generally increased with applied nitrogen and was unaffected by chlormequat application. Within a grain sample from an individual treatment, however, grain size was not related to nitrogen content. The response of nitrogen content is interpreted as differential dilution of nitrogen in the grain by different amounts of carbohydrate. This is probably related to the frequent occurrence of shrivelled grain in triticale.
Anurans of the Reserva Ecológica da Michelin, Municipality of Igrapiúna, State of Bahia, Brazil

We studied the richness and distribution of anuran species on different breeding sites at the Reserva Ecologica da Michelin (13° 50' S and 39° 10' W, approximately 90-400 m above sea level), Municipality of Igrapiuna, Bahia State, Brazil. The reserve includes fragments of Atlantic Rain Forest varying from 140 to 650 ha. Five types of environments were sampled: leaf litter inside forest fragments, streams inside forest fragments, dam on the edge of forest fragment, temporary pond inside forest, and temporary ponds inside banana and rubber groves along the eastern boundary of the reserve. We used active and passive sampling methods for surveys of amphibians, between March 2007 and December 2008. We captured 48 species distributed in 10 families (number of species in parentheses): Aromobatidae (1), Brachycephalidae (4), Bufonidae (2), Craugastoridae (1), Centrolenidae (1), Cycloramphidae (3), Hylidae (29), Leiuperidae (1), Leptodactylidae (3), and Microhylidae (3). Temporary ponds presented the highest number of species in reproductive activity (19 species in native forested areas, and 21 in plantation areas), while leaf litter presented the lowest (6 species). Two species were found in bromeliads (Phyllodytes melanomystax and P. luteolus). Twenty-two species were exclusive to fragments of forest, 11 were found only in anthropized areas (dam, and rubber and banana plantations) and 15 in both environments. Aplastodiscus cavicola and Dendropsophus giesleri had their geographic distribution extended to the State of Bahia. Phasmahyla timbo and Chiasmocleis cordeiroi known only from their type localities were found in the reserve.
Denitrification by Cytophaga johnsonae strains and by a gliding bacterium able to reduce nitrous oxide in the presence of acetylene and sulfide

A gliding bacterium (Is-11), isolated for its ability to reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) in the presence of acetylene (C2H2) and sulfide, was able to use nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−), and N2O as terminal electron acceptors for growth. Similarly, of five strains of Cytophaga johnsonae examined, two were capable of complete denitrification. Two strains were unable to reduce nitrate and N2O, respectively, and the remaining strain lacked both nitrate and N2O reductases. However, in this strain the N2O reductase was induced by the presence of nitrite, but not nitrate. Acetylene inhibited N2O reduction but did not affect the reduction of nitrite or nitrate in all of the gliding bacteria tested. Sulfide temporarily inhibited all of the nitrogen oxide reductases. It did not relieve the C2H2 inhibition of N2O reduction in the C. johnsonae strains when tested under the same conditions under which C2H2 inhibition is relieved in Is-11.
STUDIES ON ROOTS. III. AN ANALYSIS OF ROOT GROWTH IN PHLEUM PRATENSE USING PHOTOMICROGRAPHIC RECORDS

THE GROWING ROOT TIP has long been considered a favorable object for experiments on growth and differentiation. In contrast to the shoot it has a relatively simple structure, unencumbered with foliar and floral appendages. The literature on this subject has been well reviewed in the recent papers of Erickson and Sax (1956a, 1956b). In 1939 Sinnott pointed out the suitability for growth studies of the roots produced by certain species of small-seeded grasses. The transparency of the fine roots and the rudimentary character of the root cap permit unobscured microscopic observation of the surface of the living meristem. Investigations on the growth of one of these species, Phleum pratense L. , were reported by Sinnott and Bloch (1939a) and by Brumfield (1942).
Influência da biomassa de leguminosas sobre a produção de repolho em dois cultivos consecutivos

Em estudos de avaliacao do desempenho de culturas em sequencia a adubacao verde, geralmente nao se considera o efeito das raizes dos adubos verdes. Entretanto, tais efeitos podem contribuir para maior entendimento cientifico da adubacao verde. Foram avaliados o efeito da raiz e da parte aerea das leguminosas Crotalaria juncea e Canavalia ensiformis sobre a producao do repolho em dois cultivos. O experimento foi instalado em esquema fatorial (2 x 3) + 2, sendo 2 especies de leguminosas e 3 partes das plantas (raiz, parte aerea ou planta inteira) e 2 tratamentos adicionais (adubacao mineral com 100% ou 50% da dose recomendada de N), em blocos casualizados com 4 repeticoes. A parte aerea do adubo verde foi aplicada em superficie. O cultivo sobre a massa da parte aerea ou da planta inteira de crotalaria ou feijao de porco reduziu a necessidade de adubacao com N-mineral em 50%, mas a producao de repolho foi reduzida com o cultivo sobre o sistema radicular de feijao de porco. Areas em que foram deixadas a parte aerea ou a planta inteira de crotalaria ou feijao de porco resultaram em maiores efeitos residuais sobre o segundo cultivo que a adubacao com N-mineral. O cultivo sobre as raizes destas leguminosas nao resultou em efeito residual diferente da adubacao mineral com 50 ou 100% da recomendacao da adubacao N.
Genetic coupling in mate recognition systems: what is the evidence?

Genetic coupling and coevolution of male and female components have been seen as alternative solutions to the problem of maintaining coordination between the sexes during evolutionary divergence of mate recognition systems. The evidence supposed to provide a distinction between these alternatives is reviewed. In most cases the data are inadequate, but in two examples coupling is clearly absent and in no case is it firmly established as the explanation for the maintenance of coordination. The distinction may only be useful in systems controlled by a few major loci as opposed to polygenic systems.
BERT-INT: A BERT-based Interaction Model For Knowledge Graph Alignment

Knowledge graph alignment aims to link equivalent entities across different knowledge graphs. To utilize both the graph structures and the side information such as name, description and attributes, most of the works propagate the side information especially names through linked entities by graph neural networks. However, due to the heterogeneity of different knowledge graphs, the alignment accuracy will be suffered from aggregating different neighbors. This work presents an interaction model to only leverage the side information. Instead of aggregating neighbors, we compute the interactions between neighbors which can capture fine-grained matches of neighbors. Similarly, the interactions of attributes are also modeled. Experimental results show that our model significantly outperforms the best state-of-the-art methods by 1.9-9.7% in terms of HitRatio@1 on the dataset DBP15K.
Reframing positive and negative: a qualitative exploration of how white students make meaning of cross-racial interaction

Abstract This qualitative study explores how white students make meaning of positive and negative cross-racial interaction, and how these interactions contribute to growth and learning. Utilising the theoretical frameworks of Critical Race Theory and intercultural maturity, this study provides evidence that cross-racial interactions reflect both positive and negative attributes that contribute to growth and learning. How this manifests is outlined in three overarching themes, including: ‘Net-positive’, ‘Awkward, Uncomfortable, Tense’ and ‘The Nature of Positive Interactions’.
The Influence of Spawning Habitat on Natural Reproduction of Muskellunge in Wisconsin

Abstract Many of Wisconsin's native populations of muskellunge Esox masquinongy exhibit declining reproductive success and failing natural recruitment. As a result, self-sustaining populations of muskellunge are diminishing. This study focused on spawning habitat factors that influence egg development and survival and, consequently, the reproductive success of muskellunge. Muskellunge spawning habitat characteristics in lakes with self-sustaining populations were compared with spawning habitat characteristics in lakes that were once self-sustaining but are now maintained by stocking. The hatching success of artificially fertilized eggs was assessed under natural lake conditions. Spawning sites were typically marshy areas in water less than 1 m deep. Characteristics of the spawning habitat influenced successful reproduction. Spawning areas in stocked lakes had low dissolved oxygen (DO; 1.2–5.4 mg/L) at the substrate–water interface, whereas self-sustaining lakes had more variable DO (0.5–9.6 mg/L) with som.
Comments on the Draft Guidelines on the Applicability of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to Horizontal Co-Operation Agreements

1. This paper is submitted on behalf of the European Competition Lawyers Forum (the ECLF) in response to the European Commission’s public consultation on the Draft Guidelines on the Applicability of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to Horizontal Co-operation Agreements (the Draft Guidelines). The ECLF is a group of practitioners in competition law from around 80 law firms across the European Union (see Annex 2).