Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Courage in the Classroom: The Impact of Social Emotional Learning on Student Perceptions of Courage

environments. The first system, the microsystem, encompasses immediate environments in which an individual interacts, such as the school or the home. In an ecological model, the environmental events that have the greatest impact on an individual’s development are those that occur when the individual is present, or in the microsystem (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). The definition of the microsystem is “a pattern of activities, roles, and interpersonal relations experienced by the developing person in a given setting with particular physical and material characteristics” (Bronfenbrenner, 1979, p. 22). The developing person’s perception of the microsystem is as important as any objective properties of that setting, particularly those that the developing person finds meaningful. The activities, interconnections between people, and societal roles filled by individuals in immediate settings need to be examined within the microsystem of the developing person. For this study, the school was the microsystem under investigation. The second system, the mesosystem, is made up of more than one related microsystem in which the developing child is an active participant, such as school and home or school and neighborhood peer group (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). On a more abstract level, a mesosystem can also exist where knowledge and attitudes are apparent in one immediate setting about another immediate setting. When conceptualizing the mesosystem, relationships between microsystems are under consideration. These relationships “can be as decisive for development as events taking place within a given setting” (Bronfenbrenner, 1979, p. 3). In this study, interactions between microsystems were uncovered during data collection in the interview process and were
Garlic Potyviruses Are Translocated to the True Seeds through the Vegetative and Reproductive Systems of the Mother Plant

Garlic lost its ability to produce true seeds millennia ago, and today non-fertile commercial cultivars are propagated only vegetatively. Garlic viruses are commonly carried over from one generation of vegetative propagules to the other, while nematodes and arthropods further transmit the pathogens from infected to healthy plants. A recent breakthrough in the production of true (botanical) garlic seeds resulted in rapid scientific progress, but the question of whether viruses are transmitted via seeds remains open and is important for the further development of commercial seed production. We combined morpho-physiological analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and PCR analysis to follow potyvirus localization and translocation within garlic fertile plants and seeds. Spatial distribution was recorded in both vegetative and reproductive organs. We conclude that garlic potyviruses are translocated to the seeds from the infected mother plant during flower development and post-fertilization, while pollen remains virus-free and does not contribute to seed infection. Therefore, the main practical goal for virus-clean seed production in garlic is the careful maintenance of virus-free mother plants. Although garlic pollen is free of potyviral infection, the male parents’ plants also need to be protected from contamination, since viral infection weakens plants, reducing flowering ability and pollen production.
An intrinsic characterization of the direct product of balls

In this paper, we give a characterization of the direct product of balls by its holomorphic automorphism group. Using a result on the standardization of certain compact group actions on complex manifolds, we show that, for a connected Stein manifold M of dimension n , if its holomorphic automorphism group contains a topological subgroup that is isomorphic to the holomorphic automorphism group of the direct product B of balls in C n , then M itself is biholomorphically equivalent to B .
Polydomain structure and its origins in isotropic-genesis nematic elastomers

We address the physics of nematic liquid crystalline elastomers randomly crosslinked in the isotropic state. To do this, we construct a phenomenological effective replica Hamiltonian in terms of two order-parameter fields: one for the vulcanization, the other for nematic alignment. Using a Gaussian variational approach, we analyze both thermal and quenched fluctuations of the local nematic order, and find that, even for low temperatures, the macroscopically isotropic polydomain state is stabilized by the network heterogeneity. For sufficiently strong disorder and low enough temperature, our theory predicts unusual, short-range oscillatory structure in (i.e., anti-alignment of) the local nematic order. The present approach, which naturally takes into account the compliant, thermally fluctuating and heterogeneous features of elastomeric networks, can also be applied to other types of randomly crosslinked solids.
Outcome of ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm treatment compared between surgical clipping and endovascular coiling: A single-center analysis

The optimal treatment modality for ruptured anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the outcomes of endovascular coiling and surgical clipping to treat ruptured ACoA aneurysms. A retrospective analysis of 213 consecutive patients with ruptured AcoA aneurysms, who were treated with coiling or clipping between January 2010 and December 2020, was conducted. Of the 213 patients, 94 and 119 underwent clipping and coiling, respectively. The mean age was higher in the coiling group than in the clipping group (60.3 ± 13.2 vs. 53.5 ± 13.4, P < .001). The mean diameter of the aneurysmal neck was larger in the clipping group (3.4 mm vs. 3.0 mm, P = .022), whereas the dome-to-neck ratio (1.53 ± 0.52 vs. 1.70 ± 0.60, P = .031) and aspect ratio (1.67 ± 0.51 vs. 1.92 ± 0.77, P = .005) were larger in the coiling group. The prevalence of vasospasm was higher in the clipping than in the coiling group (42.6% vs. 26.9%, P = .016). The coiling group had a shorter mean intensive care unit hospitalization (18.3 vs. 12.1, P = .002) and more frequently showed favorable outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale 4, 5; 57.4% vs 73.1%, P = .016) compared to the clipping group. Multivariable logistic analysis showed that good initial WFNS grade (odds ratio [OR] = 6.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.69–16.65, P < .001), treatment with coiling (OR = 3.67, 95% CI: 1.70–7.90, P = .001), and absence of the need for cerebrospinal fluid diversion (OR = 5.21, 95% CI: 2.38–11.39, P < .001) were independent predictors of favorable outcomes in patients with ruptured ACoA aneurysms. Ruptured ACoA aneurysms can be safely and effectively treated using both clipping and coiling modalities. However, it may be beneficial to consider coiling as the first option for treating these aneurysms.
Home-based digital health technologies for older adults to self-manage multiple chronic conditions: A data-informed analysis of user engagement from a longitudinal trial

Background Ageing populations are resulting in higher prevalence of people with multiple chronic conditions (multimorbidity). Digital health platforms have great potential to support self-management of multimorbidity, increasing a person's awareness of their health and well-being, supporting a better understanding of diseases and encouraging behaviour change. However, little research has explored the long-term engagement of older adults with such digital interventions. Methods The aim of this study is to analyse how 60 older adults with multimorbidity engaged with digital symptom and well-being monitoring through a digital health platform over a period of approximately 12 months. Data analysis focused on user retention, frequency of monitoring, intervals in monitoring and patterns of daily engagement. Results Our findings show that the overall engagement with the digital health platform was high, with more than 80% of participants using the technology devices for over 200 days. The submission frequency for symptom parameters (e.g. blood glucose (BG), blood pressure (BP), etc.) was between three and four times per week which was higher than that of self-report (2.24) and weight (2.84). Submissions of exercise (6.12) and sleep (5.67) were more frequent. The majority of interactions happened in the morning time. The most common time of submission for symptom parameters was 10 am, whereas 8 am was the most common time for weight measurements. Conclusions The findings indicate the patterns of engagement of older adults with complex chronic diseases with digital home-based self-management systems.
Validation of the Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity (GROP) screening criteria

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in infants. The Postnatal Growth and ROP (G-ROP) study proposed new screening criteria for ROP. This study aimed to validate the G-ROP screening criteria in a group of Iranian premature infants who were treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for at least 40 days. Methods: In this retrospective study, we extracted the data pertaining to infants admitted to the NICU from January 2020 to December 2021. We screened all the included infants for ROP based on the Iranian national screening criteria. We applied the G-ROP criteria to our study population, and if no criterion was met, the infant was exempted from ROP screening. We determined the sensitivity and specificity of the G-ROP guidelines for ROP detection, along with its capacity for predicting the requirement for ROP treatment. Moreover, we compared the G-ROP guidelines with the Iranian and North American guidelines for ROP screening. Results: A total of 166 premature infants with complete datasets were included: 130 had ROP, of whom 61 were treated. There were 109 female infants (65.7%). The mean (standard deviation [SD]) birth weight and gestational age were 1080 (256) g and 28.28 (1.97) weeks, respectively. Applying the G-ROP criteria, 127 of 130 infants with ROP were identified (sensitivity, 97.69%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 95.11% – 100%), and of 36 infants without ROP, three were correctly excluded (specificity, 8.33%; 95% CI, 0% – 17.36%). The G-ROP criteria did not fail to identify infants who required treatment for ROP (sensitivity, 100%; 95% CI, 98.29 – 100) and had a specificity of 8.69% (95% CI, 2.04% – 15.34%). Although the Iranian and North American criteria had 100% sensitivity for infants with any stage of ROP, they could not detect infants without ROP (0% specificity). Conclusions: The G-ROP screening criteria had a sensitivity of 100% in identifying infants requiring treatment for ROP in our high-risk group; however, specificity was not sufficiently high. Further studies with larger numbers of referred infants could confirm a decrease in the burden of retinal examinations using these criteria.
Scaling and time inversion for the linear mono‐energetic Boltzmann equation

Some consequences are derived from the existence of a generalized scale transformation and a special 1+1 dimensional Lorentz type transformation for the linear, mono‐energetic Boltzmann equation. The scale transformation gives a kind of renormalization group which leads to scaling properties for transport parameters such as the diffusion length. The Lorentz transformation is connected with time inversion and the averaging property of the collision integral in the Boltzmann equation. It provides the basis for a previously noted exact relation between the solutions of two homogeneous stationary transport equations which essentially differ by the existence of a backward delta distribution in the scattering kernel.
Influence of subsidence after stand-alone anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in patients with degenerative cervical disease: A long-term follow-up study

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of subsidence in patients who performed stand-alone anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) by analyzing the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes. This retrospective study enrolled 53 patients with 79 segments with degenerative cervical disease treated with stand-alone ACDF with ≥5 years of follow-up. Segmental angle (SA), cervical sagittal alignment (CSA), subsidence, and fusion were analyzed. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores and neck disability index (NDI) were also evaluated. Subsidence occurred in 24 (45.2%) patients and 38 segments (48.1%) at the last follow-up. The mean VAS score and NDI had improved in both the subsidence and non- subsidence groups. The mean SA at the last follow-up had increased to 1.3° ± 8.5° in the subsidence group and to 1.5° ± 5.2° in the non-subsidence group compared with the post-operative SA (P < .001). The overall mean CSA at the last follow-up increased over time in both the groups compared with the post-operative CSA (P = .003). The fusion rate at 1 year after surgery was 86.8% and 82.9% in the subsidence and non-subsidence groups, respectively. However, the differences in the SA, CSA, and fusion rates between the groups were not statistically significant (P = .117, .98, and .682, respectively). Subsidence after stand-alone ACDF occurs to a certain capacity; however, it does not appear to significantly influence the radiological and clinical outcomes if foramen decompression is adequately and sufficiently provided in a long-term follow-up study. In contrast, subsidence appears to positively affect the fusion rate in the short-term follow-up.
An Integral Equation Approach to Scattering From a Body of Finite Conductivity

The problem of scattering from a homogeneous body is formulated in terms of two coupled integral equations relating the effective electric and magnetic surface currents Ke and Km. The formulation chosen, in which each equation involves the constitutive parameters of only one medium, is especially suited to the case of a high conductivity scatterer. From the equation for the conducting medium, one can derive. under increasingly restrictive assumptions, first an explicit expression for Km in terms of Ke then a curvature-dependent boundary condition relating the two currents, and finally the usual Leontovich boundary condition. Numerical results for scattering from circular cylinders of small radius show the advantage of the curvature-dependent condition over the Leontovich condition.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Salt-Affected Soils: Mechanistic Understanding of Interplay Factors and Reclamation Approaches

Salt-affected soils contain high levels of soluble salts (saline soil) and exchangeable sodium (alkali soil). Globally, about 932 million ha (Mha), including 831 Mha of agricultural land, is salt-affected. Salinity and sodicity adversely affect soil microbial diversity and enzymatic activities, and thereby carbon and nitrogen dynamics and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils. In this review article, we synthesize published information to understand the impact of salinity and sodicity on GHG production and emissions from salt-affected soils, and how various reclamation amendments (gypsum, phosphogypsum, organic manure, biochar, etc.) affect GHG emissions from reclaimed soils. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions are of greater concern due to their 298 and 28 times higher global warming potential, respectively, compared to carbon dioxide (CO2), on a 100-year time scale. Therefore, CO2 emissions are given negligible/smaller significance compared to the other two. Generally, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are higher at lower salinity and reduced at higher salinity mainly due to: (a) higher ammonification and lower nitrification resulting in a reduced substrate for denitrification; (b) reduced diversity of denitrifying bacteria lowered down microbial-mediated denitrification process; and (c) dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and denitrification processes compete with each other for common substrate/nitrate. Overall, methane (CH4) emissions from normal soils are higher than those of salt-affected soils. High salinity suppresses the activity of both methanogens (CH4 production) and methanotrophs (CH4 consumption). However, it imposes more inhibitory effects on methanogens than methanotrophs, resulting in lower CH4 production and subsequent emissions from these soils. Therefore, reclamation of these soils may enhance N2O and CH4 emissions. However, gypsum is the best reclamation agent, which significantly mitigates CH4 emissions from paddy cultivation in both sodic and non-sodic soils, and mitigation is higher at the higher rate of its application. Gypsum amendment increases sulfate ion concentrations and reduces CH4 emissions mainly due to the inhibition of the methanogenesis by the sulfate reductase bacteria and the enhancement of soil redox potential. Biochar is also good among the organic amendments mitigating both CH4 and N2O emission from salt-affected soils. The application of fresh organic matter and FYM enhance GHG emissions for these soils. This review suggests the need for systematic investigations for studying the impacts of various amendments and reclamation technologies on GHG emissions in order to develop low carbon emission technologies for salt-affected soil reclamation that can enhance the carbon sequestration potential of these soils.
An Ultrastable Porous Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane/Tetraphenylthiophene Hybrid as a High-Performance Electrode for Supercapacitors

In this study, we synthesized three hybrid microporous polymers through Heck couplings of octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS) with 2,5-bis(4-bromophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (OXD-Br2), tetrabromothiophene (Th-Br4), and 2,5-bis(4-bromophenyl)-3,4-diphenylthiophene (TPTh-Br2), obtaining the porous organic–inorganic polymers (POIPs) POSS-OXD, POSS-Th, and POSS-TPTh, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid state 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy confirmed their chemical structures. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that, among these three systems, the POSS-Th POIP possessed the highest thermal stability (T5: 586 °C; T10: 785 °C; char yield: 90 wt%), presumably because of a strongly crosslinked network formed between its OVS and Th moieties. Furthermore, the specific capacity of the POSS-TPTh POIP (354 F g−1) at 0.5 A g−1 was higher than those of the POSS-Th (213 F g−1) and POSS-OXD (119 F g−1) POIPs. We attribute the superior electrochemical properties of the POSS-TPTh POIP to its high surface area and the presence of electron-rich phenyl groups within its structure.
INEQUALITIES AND TOLERANCE LIMITS FOR S-ORDERED DISTRIBUTIONS

Abstract : Define F (subscript s) G F (subscript r) G if F and G have the same median, say the origin and G (superscript -1) F(x) is concave-convex about the origin (G (superscript -1) F(x)/x is increasing (decreasing) in x positive (negative)). Conservative tolerance limits are derived for distributions which are s-ordered with respect to the Laplace distribution. These are especially reasonable for mensuration data. In addition, many inequalities concerning combinations of order statistics are obtained. These results are useful in robustness studies of tolerance limits, estimates and statistical tests derived for specified distributions such as the normal distribution. Some examples are given.
Phytochemical screening, antioxidant properties, anti-apoptotic effects and molecular docking study of Tunisian cleome (Cleome arabica L.) fruits extract under optimized extraction conditions

ABSTRACT This study attempted to optimize the extraction conditions (liquid‒solid ratio, temperature and time) of phenolic yield from Cleome (Cleome arabica L.) fruits extract by the surface response methodology “Box‒Behnken plan” to identify and quantify polyphenolic compounds and test their antioxidant activity. A molecular docking method was developed to clarify the anti-apoptotic effects of bioactive molecules of cleome fruits. Optimal conditions were found at a ratio of 8 ml/g, 4°C and 2 h when the maximum yield was 27.24%. The total phenolic and flavonoid content assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteu and Quercetin methods were 195.20 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight (mg GAE/g DW) and 51.20 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry plant weight (mg QE/g DW), respectively. HPLC and FT-IR protocols revealed the presence of five polyphenolic compounds of which catechin was found to be the most abundant. The antioxidant activity of the extract was quantified by DPPH and FRAP tests, and the IC50 values reached 6.125 mg/ml and 2.9 mg/ml, respectively. In silico analysis confirmed the beneficial effects of phenolic compounds. The results revealed significant antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities of phenolic compounds of cleome fruits and may be useful in the pharmaceutical and food industries with appreciable human health-promoting properties.
Systematic Characterization of Brassica napus HIR Gene Family Reveals a Positive Role of BnHIR2.7 in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Resistance

Hypersensitive-induced response protein (HIR) is a class of plant immune proteins that play pivotal roles in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary resistance. However, there has been no systematic investigation and identification of HIR genes in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Hence, we identified 50 BnHIR genes and classified them into four groups. Subcellular localization prediction suggested that HIR proteins are mainly localized in the mitochondria. Cis-acting elements involved in light and diverse abiotic stress were found in the promoter regions of BnHIR. The majority of BnHIR genes in Groups 1/3/4 were expressed in most examined tissues, especially in leaves and siliques pericarp, while the BnHIR genes in Group 2 were not or had low expression in all detected tissues. In the case of S. sclerotiorum inoculation, HIR genes in Groups 1/3/4 were strongly induced, especially homologous genes in Group 1, which exhibited different expression patterns. Moreover, overexpression of BnHIR2.7 in Arabidopsis thaliana illustrated its prominent resistance to S. sclerotiorum. Our study provides insight into the evolutionary relationships of the HIR family genes in B. napus and lays the foundation for their resistance to S. sclerotiorum in B. napus.
Yield criteria in anisotropic finite elasto-plasticity

The paper deals with several descriptions of the yield criteria, within the constitutive framework of anisotropic finite multiplicative elasto-plasticity. We put into evidence appropriate yield criteria, defined either in stress or strain spaces and we analyse the Eulerian setting attached to Σ-models, first described in relaxed configuration, when Σ represents the Mandel's stress measure or the quasistatic Eshelby stress tensor. We compare our anisotropic model with the elasto-plastic model, usually adopted in computational finite plasticity.