Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A population-based nationwide study on total colectomy for ulcerative colitis and risk of ten prevalent inflammatory or autoimmune diseases

Abstract Background There is growing evidence to support a role of the gut microbiome in the development of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease (IAD). We used total colectomy (TC) for ulcerative colitis (UC) as a model for a significant disruption in gut microbiome to explore an association with subsequent risk of IAD. Methods We identified all patients with UC and no diagnosis of IAD prior to their UC diagnosis in Denmark from 1988 to 2015. Patients were followed from the date of UC to a diagnosis of IAD, death or end of follow-up, whichever occurred first. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of IAD associated with TC, adjusting for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and calendar year of UC diagnosis. Results 30,507 patients with UC (3,155 with TC and 27,352 without) were identified from the Danish National Patient Registry. During 43,266 person-years of follow-up, 2733 patients were diagnosed with an IAD. The risk of any IAD was higher for patients with TC compared to patients without (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.39 (95% CI: 1.24–1.57)). When the analyses were adjusted for exposure to antibiotics, immunomodulatory medicine and biologics (covering 2005–2018), the risk of IAD was still higher for patients with total colectomy (aHR = 1.41 (95% CI: 1.09;1.83)). Disease-specific analyses were weakened by a low number of outcomes. Conclusions The risk of IAD was higher for patients who underwent TC for UC compared to patients who did not. KEY MESSAGES What is already known? o The gut microbiome plays an important role in host immune homeostasis, and changes in gut bacterial diversity and composition may change the individual’s risk of inflammatory and autoimmune disease (IAD). What is new here? o Patients with ulcerative colitis who undergo total colectomy have a higher risk of being diagnosed with IAD, compared to patients with ulcerative colitis who do not undergo total colectomy. How can this study help patient care? o Future research can help uncover the mechanisms responsible for the higher risk of certain IADs after total colectomy. If the microbiome plays a role, modifying the gut microbiome could prove a viable therapeutic strategy to reduce the risk of developing IADs. SUMMARY In this nationwide Danish cohort study of all Danish UC patients diagnosed in the period from 1988 to 2015, the risk of being diagnosed with inflammatory and autoimmune disease is higher for patients who underwent total colectomy compared to UC patients without total colectomy.
Graft Failure After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Its Association With Patient Characteristics and Clinical Events: A Pooled Individual Patient Data Analysis of Clinical Trials With Imaging Follow-Up

BACKGROUND: Graft patency is the postulated mechanism for the benefits of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, systematic graft imaging assessment after CABG is rare, and there is a lack of contemporary data on the factors associated with graft failure and on the association between graft failure and clinical events after CABG. METHODS: We pooled individual patient data from randomized clinical trials with systematic CABG graft imaging to assess the incidence of graft failure and its association with clinical risk factors. The primary outcome was the composite of myocardial infarction or repeat revascularization occurring after CABG and before imaging. A 2-stage meta-analytic approach was used to evaluate the association between graft failure and the primary outcome. We also assessed the association between graft failure and myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, or all-cause death occurring after imaging. RESULTS: Seven trials were included comprising 4413 patients (mean age, 64.4±9.1 years; 777 [17.6%] women; 3636 [82.4%] men) and 13 163 grafts (8740 saphenous vein grafts and 4423 arterial grafts). The median time to imaging was 1.02 years (interquartile range [IQR], 1.00–1.03). Graft failure occurred in 1487 (33.7%) patients and in 2190 (16.6%) grafts. Age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.08 [per 10-year increment] [95% CI, 1.01–1.15]; P=0.03), female sex (aOR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.08–1.50]; P=0.004), and smoking (aOR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.04–1.38]; P=0.01) were independently associated with graft failure, whereas statins were associated with a protective effect (aOR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.63–0.88]; P<0.001). Graft failure was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction or repeat revascularization occurring between CABG and imaging assessment (8.0% in patients with graft failure versus 1.7% in patients without graft failure; aOR, 3.98 [95% CI, 3.54–4.47]; P<0.001). Graft failure was also associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction or repeat revascularization occurring after imaging (7.8% versus 2.0%; aOR, 2.59 [95% CI, 1.86–3.62]; P<0.001). All-cause death after imaging occurred more frequently in patients with graft failure compared with patients without graft failure (11.0% versus 2.1%; aOR, 2.79 [95% CI, 2.01–3.89]; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In contemporary practice, graft failure remains common among patients undergoing CABG and is strongly associated with adverse cardiac events.
Stochastic analysis of steady seepage underneath a water-retaining wall through highly anisotropic porous media

Steady seepage is determined by a head drop upstream/downstream of a water-retaining wall. Due to its erratic variations, hydraulic log-conductivity $Y=\ln K$ is modelled as a stationary random space function (RSF). We deal with a highly anisotropic porous formation, i.e. an axisymmetric medium where the horizontal correlation integral scale of $Y$ is much larger than the vertical one. The goal of computing the resulting flow field within a stochastic framework is complicated by non-uniformity of the mean flow. Simple (closed-form) expressions for the correlation functions of the flow variables as well as the mean head are derived. We use these results to quantify the impact of spatial variability of $Y$ upon the probability that the exit volumetric flow rate downstream of the wall is greater than that obtained by regarding the formation as homogeneous (with constant hydraulic conductivity). In particular, we show that the spatial variability of $Y$ may lead to predictions (and consequently to design choices) which significantly differ from those achieved by regarding the porous formation as homogeneous.
Proﬁtability Analysis of Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia

This research aims to analysis the inﬂuence of the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Non-Performing Financing (NPF),andOperationalCostsandOperatingIncome(BOPO)onReturnOnAssets (ROA)thatrepresenttheProﬁtabilityofShariaCommercialBanksbetweenthe period2016to2020.ThemethodofanalysiswasemployedVECM(VectorError CorrectionModel). Theresultsofdataanalysisshowthatintheshort-termesti-mationonlytheCapitalAdequacyRatioandNon-PerformingFinancingvariables signiﬁcantlyaffecttheROAofShariaBanks. Ontheotherhand,otherindepen-dentvariablessuchasFinancingtoDepositRatioandoperatingexpensesoperatingincomedonotsigniﬁcantlyaffecttheROAofShariabanks. Theresultsofthelong-termestimationoftheCAR,NPF,andBOPOvariableshaveasigniﬁcanteffecton theROAofShariacommercialbanks,andonlytheFDRvariabledoesnotshow asigniﬁcantinﬂuenceontheROAofShariacommercialbanks. Furthermore,in theresultsoftheImpulseResponseFunctioninIslamiccommercialbanks,prof-itabilityrepresentedbyROArespondstoshocksfromtheCAR,FDR,NPF,and BOPOvariablespositivelyandtheVarianceDecompositionresultsintheobser-vationperiodshowthatthemoredominantintheﬁrstperiodistheROAvariable itselfwhichaffectthedevelopmentofROAandinthenextperiodisinﬂuenced byvariationsinthedependentvariableandotherindependentvariables.
Efficacy and Safety of Transdermal Abaloparatide in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis: A Randomized Study

Anabolic therapies, recommended for patients at very high fracture risk, are administered subcutaneously (SC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the abaloparatide microstructured transdermal system (abaloparatide‐sMTS) as an alternative to the SC formulation. This phase 3, noninferiority study (NCT04064411) randomly assigned postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (N = 511) 1:1 to open‐label abaloparatide administered daily via abaloparatide‐sMTS or SC injection for 12 months. The primary comparison between treatment groups was the percentage change in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) at 12 months, with a noninferiority margin of 2.0%. Secondary endpoints included percentage change in total hip and femoral neck BMD, bone turnover markers, dermatologic safety, and new clinical fracture incidence. At 12 months, percentage increase from baseline in lumbar spine BMD was 7.14% (SE: 0.46%) for abaloparatide‐sMTS and 10.86% (SE: 0.48%) for abaloparatide‐SC (treatment difference: −3.72% [95% confidence interval: −5.01%, −2.43%]). Percentage change in total hip BMD was 1.97% for abaloparatide‐sMTS and 3.70% for abaloparatide‐SC. Median changes from baseline at 12 months in serum procollagen type I N‐terminal propeptide (s‐PINP) were 52.6% for abaloparatide‐sMTS and 74.5% for abaloparatide‐SC. Administration site reactions were the most frequently reported adverse events (abaloparatide‐sMTS, 94.4%; abaloparatide‐SC, 70.5%). Incidence of serious adverse events was similar between groups. Mild or moderate skin reactions occurred with abaloparatide‐sMTS with no identifiable risk factors for sensitization reactions. Few new clinical fractures occurred in either group. Noninferiority of abaloparatide‐sMTS to abaloparatide‐SC for percentage change in spine BMD at 12 months was not demonstrated; however, clinically meaningful increases from baseline in lumbar spine and total hip BMD were observed in both treatment groups. © 2023 Radius Health, Inc and The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Multi-center validation of Catquest-9SF visual function questionnaire in Ontario, Canada

Purpose To investigate the psychometric performance and responsiveness of Catquest-9SF, a patient-reported questionnaire developed to evaluate visual function as related to daily tasks, in patients referred for cataract surgery in Ontario, Canada. Methods This is a pooled analysis on prospective data collected for previous projects. Subjects were recruited from three tertiary care centers in Peel region, Hamilton, and Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Catquest-9SF was administered pre-operative and post-operatively to patients with cataract. Psychometric properties, including category threshold order, infit/outfit, precision, unidimensionality, targeting, and differential item functioning were tested using Rasch analysis with Winsteps software (v.4.4.4) for Catquest-9SF. Responsiveness of questionnaire scores to cataract surgery was assessed. Results 934 patients (mean age = 71.6, 492[52.7%] female) completed the pre- and post-operative Catquest-9SF questionnaire. Catquest-9SF had ordered response thresholds, adequate precision (person separation index = 2.01, person reliability = 0.80), and confirmed unidimensionality. The infit range was 0.75–1.29 and the outfit range was 0.74–1.51, with one item (‘satisfaction with vision’) misfitting (outfit value = 1.51). There was mistargeting of -1.07 in pre-operative scores and mistargeting of -2.43 in both pre- and post-operative scores, meaning that tasks were relatively easy for respondent ability. There was no adverse differential item functioning. There was a mean 1.47 logit improvement in Catquest-9SF scores after cataract surgery (p<0.001). Conclusion Catquest-9SF is a psychometrically robust questionnaire for assessment of visual function in patients with cataract in Ontario, Canada. It is also responsive to clinical improvement after cataract surgery.
New Advances in the Modelling of Pulsar Magnetospheres

The wealth of high-energy (E > 50 MeV) and very-high-energy (E > 100 GeV) data accumulated over the past few years have provided unprecedented opportunities to probe pulsar emission models. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has now detected over 200 gamma-ray pulsars of vastly different ages, providing an extensive dataset of spectra and light curves compared to a mere decade ago. Ground-based Cherenkov telescopes deepened our appreciation of the mysterious richness of the pulsar mechanism by a surprise detection of pulsed emission up to 1 TeV from the Crab pulsar. These discoveries position us to make real progress in pulsar theory. A number of studies have developed new and enhanced existing dissipative magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) and particle-in-cell (PIC) codes to solve the global electrodynamics and pursue fundamental questions about magnetospheric particle injection, acceleration, and radiation. While MHD models capture the global aspects of pulsar magnetospheres, the microphysics need to be probed self-consistently by PIC simulations. Some dissipative MHD models consider the current sheet (CS) as an important site for high-energy curvature radiation (CR), while early PIC results point to energy dissipation taking place in the CS, where particles are accelerated by magnetic reconnection and may possibly emit $\gamma$ rays via synchrotron radiation (SR). This is in marked contrast to some older local emission models that studied CR $\gamma$ rays produced in gaps nearer to the spinning neutron star. The universality of these results should become clearer as current computational restrictions are overcome and boundary conditions are refined. Continued and combined polarimetric, spectral, and temporal measurements should aid us in scrutinising these new emission models in our persistent pursuit of a deeper understanding of the pulsar marvel.
Mortality, Survival, and Readmissions During a 12-Month Follow-Up After Hip Fracture: Inpatient Rehabilitation Versus Home Rehabilitation

Abstract Purpose This study compared readmissions, survival, and mortality during a 12-month follow-up period of inpatient rehabilitation and home rehabilitation for older persons who had experienced a hip fracture. Methods This work was retrospective cohort research. Between January 1 and December 30, 2019, the medical records of 280 elderly patients who were admitted to a hospital with a hip fracture were analyzed. Of these patients, 74.3% received inpatient rehabilitation, whereas 25.7% received home rehabilitation. Results In terms of readmissions and death, there were no appreciable differences between the inpatient rehabilitation and home rehabilitation groups. The patients in the inpatient rehabilitation group were older; more likely to need assistance with activities of daily living; and were taking, on average, more prescription drugs on a daily basis than those in the home rehabilitation group. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance In conclusion, as better outcomes were expected for the home rehabilitation group, which on average included less complicated patients, our findings suggest that the home rehabilitation pathway may not be a good alternative to the inpatient rehabilitation pathway.
Functional materials design: octahedral tilts in hybrid n = 1 Ruddlesden–Popper phases

The exciting properties offered by hybrid perovskite-related materials have motivated Liu et al. [(2023). IUCrJ, 10, 385–396] to explore the crystallography of hybrid n = 1 Ruddlesden–Popper phases. Their investigation explores the structures (and symmetries) expected to result from typical distortions and gives design strategies to target specific symmetries.
A Single-Cell Atlas of Small Airway Disease in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

RATIONALE Emerging data demonstrate that the smallest conducting airways, terminal bronchioles (TBs), are reduced by 41% by the time someone is diagnosed with mild (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] stage1) COPD. OBJECTIVES To understand the structural, cellular and extracellular matrix alterations underlying TB loss in COPD and how they might be targeted for therapeutic intervention. METHODS This cross-sectional study of 34 ex-smokers with normal lung function (n=10), GOLD1 (n=10), GOLD2 (n=8), and GOLD4 (n=6) COPD used micro-computed tomography, and non-linear optical microscopy imaging to assess the morphology and extracellular matrix of TBs in 262 lung samples. A subset of 57 TBs across all groups was assessed using imaging mass spectrometry to generate a single-cell atlas of TB pathology. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Compared to ex-smokers the TB airway wall in all GOLD stages was homogenously thickened, but the TB lumen was progressively narrowed with disease severity(p<0.05). Progressive loss of radial tethering due to reduced numbers of alveolar attachments/TB perimeter(p<0.05), was associated with degradation and fragmentation of radial elastic fibers and accumulation of disorganized fibrilar collagen(p<0.05). Single-cell imaging identified adaptive immune cells within the TB wall and M1-like macrophage aggregates and neutrophils in alveolar attachments. TB pathology was associated with the upregulation of genes involved in innate and adaptive immune responses, the interferon response and the degranulation of neutrophils. CONCLUSION Loss of TB alveolar attachments through degradation of elastin, is an important feature of small airway obstruction in mild/moderate COPD, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and treatment.
Biological Control-Parasitoids and Predators Habitat and vertical stratification affect capture of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and biological control of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug

1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeastern Fruit and Nut Tree Research Laboratory, 21 Dunbar Road, Byron, GA, USA, 2United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Watershed Research Unit, PO Box 748, Tifton, GA, USA, 3Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA, 4Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 5Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, USA *Corresponding author, mail: Ted.Cottrell@usda.gov
Characterization of Hybrid FRP Composite Produced from Recycled PET and CFRP

In recent years, carbon fiber has experienced a significant surge in popularity attributed to its exceptional properties, including its high-temperature resistance, mechanical strength, and cost-effectiveness. Many industries have been attracted to the prevalent use of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers or plastics (CFRP). However, the increasing demand for carbon fiber has created a waste recycling problem that needs to be addressed. This research aimed to develop a recycled composite using PET waste as a solution to the growing demand for both materials. The recycled carbon fibers were processed chemically and mechanically to generate power for this process. Various samples were tested with different proportions of CF (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) to analyze their mechanical properties. The recycled composites are examined under tensile test conditions to further explore the waste carbon reinforcement’s effect on polymers’ characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy was also utilized for mechanical morphology evaluations. After analyzing the data, it was found that samples containing 20% CF had the highest elastic modulus value among all the mixes. This is attributed to the reinforcing effect of the fibers. The Elasticity Modulus of the filaments increased with the concentration of CF, reaching its peak at 20% before decreasing. This trend is also apparent in the visual representations. When compared to recycling, the Elasticity Modulus value of 20% CF filament increased by 97.5%. The precise value for CF with a 20% filament is 4719.3 MPa. Moreover, the composite samples were analyzed using SEM to characterize them, and it was discovered that the incorporation of 20% CF/PET filler produced the composition with the highest strength.
Effect of collision and velocity model of lattice Boltzmann model on three-dimensional turbulent flow simulation

ABSTRACT Various collision and velocity models of the lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) were compared to determine their effects on the efficiency of a three-dimensional homogeneous isotropic decaying turbulent flow simulation. We determined that a decrease in the number of velocities, in particular, 13-velocities, which can be used in the quasi-equilibrium lattice Boltzmann and in the multiple-relaxation time models (MRT), could considerably decrease the computational effort. However, decreasing the number of velocities deteriorates the stability and the accuracy of the results. By comparing the collision models, we also determined that the stability of the entropic lattice Boltzmann model (ELBM), and 19- and 27- velocity MRT is much higher than in other models. However, the numerical viscosity introduced by the ELBM underestimates the enstrophy, and the computational effort increases because of the calculation overhead required to solve the additional equations if special care is not given to the calculation.
Trigger Warning Assignment as a Multi-Label Document Classification Problem

A trigger warning is used to warn people about potentially disturbing content. We introduce trigger warning assignment as a multi-label classification task, create the Webis Trigger Warning Corpus 2022, and with it the first dataset of 1 million fanfiction works from Archive of our Own with up to 36 different warnings per document. To provide a reliable catalog of trigger warnings, we organized 41 million of free-form tags assigned by fanfiction authors into the first comprehensive taxonomy of trigger warnings by mapping them to the 36 institutionally recommended warnings. To determine the best operationalization of trigger warnings, we explore state-of-the-art multi-label models, examining the trade-off between assigning coarse- and fine-grained warnings, open- and closed-set classification, document length, and label confidence. Our models achieve micro-F1 scores of about 0.5, which reveals the difficulty of the task. Tailored representations, long input sequences, and a higher recall on rare warnings would help.
ELECTROPHORETIC PROTEIN PATTERN OF Cystoisospora felis

:- CARVALHO FILHO, P.R. de; FLAUSINO, W. ; LOPES, C.W. G. Electrophoretic protein pattern of Cystoisopora felis (Wenyon, 1923) Frenkel, 1977 (Apicomplexa: Cystoisosporinae) sporulated oocysts. [Padrão eletroforético
Macaque Ventral Visual Responses to Diverse Stimuli and during Natural Vision

Studies of vision in the primate brain must contend with a gap between reductionist experiments and the rich context of natural behaviors. I explored the selectivity of macaque ventral visual neurons within a broad stimulus space, leveraging contemporary developments in deep generative image models. Further, I analyzed detailed neuron response properties during freeviewing behavior, developing novel statistical analysis methods and computational models. I found that high-level visual neurons in the inferior temporal cortex, previously thought to code for semantic categories, responded just as strongly to ineffable visual features. During task-free active viewing, neurons throughout the ventral visual pathway responded in ways that comported with the classical view of these neurons as reactive feature detectors. The results suggest that the ventral visual cortex specializes in encoding the present visual input in a category-general way, even during active behavior.