Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STEM Learning: The Way to Construct Undergraduate Students’ Oral Communications Skills in Science Learning

Communication skills are one of the skills that a person must have when entering the world of work. The workforce in a company that lacks mastering 21st century skills will be at a disadvantage to compete globally, and will have difficulty in dealing with challenges that arise along with the with the development of science and technology. So, in higher education such as university, the curriculum, course, and learning should provide the activities that could improve and construct students’ communications skills. STEM is one of the learning approaches that could help to construct students’ communication skills. Research objective is to investigate how is the development of oral science communications skills of undergraduate students in Environmental learning by using STEM learning approaches. The method of this research is qualitative research by the data taken from observation and teaching learning video recording transcriptions. The transcription is coded by the assessment of science communication rubrics adapted from Baltimore University for oral science communication. The data are taken from students’ presentation activities in environmental courses. This research result shows that responsiveness indicators is 88,3%, multimedia supported as technology skills is 83,3%, and conclusions indicators is 50,0%. It could be concluded that STEM learning approaches could be constructed students’ oral communications skills. Responsiveness and multimedia support of oral communications skills indicators are outperformed than conclusion as the least performed of oral communications skills.
Adaptive prescribed performance control of nonlinear output‐feedback systems with unknown control direction

This paper focuses on the output‐feedback tracking control problem for a class of nonlinear systems with both unknown nonlinearities and unknown control directions. An adaptive prescribed performance controller combined with a Nussbaum gain and a dividing line is proposed to solve the problem. Compared with the existing results, (i) both the convergence rate and the ultimate bound of the tracking error can be prescribed; (ii) no approximating structures such as neuro/fuzzy systems are used, regardless of unknown nonlinear functions; and (iii) the computational burden is alleviated in the sense that the iterative calculation of command derivatives is avoided and the number of online learning parameters is largely reduced. Simulation results are given to further illustrate the established theoretical findings.
Individual Differences in Emotion Attenuation Brought by Indirect Replies Is Related to Resting-State Brain Activity

During daily conversations, people prefer indirect replies in face-threatening situations. Existent studies have indicated that recipients tend to perceive the information conveyed by indirect replies as negative and emotion regions are engaged in indirect replies processing in face-threatening situations. In this study, we examined whether indirect replies can reduce recipients’ experience of negative emotion and what are the underlying cerebral structures that may give rise to individual differences in the effectiveness of such replies in attenuating negative emotion. Behavior ratings and resting-stating functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) techniques were combined to explore these questions. We created dialogues expressing refusal or negative opinion with direct/indirect replies. Participants were asked to rate their emotional valence and arousal when they received such replies. The rating scores were used to correlate with spontaneous brain activity. Results showed that indirect replies indeed attenuated recipients’ negative emotion experience. Moreover, the left caudate, the right anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), and the connectivity of rACC and left medial prefrontal cortex (lmPFC) were found to be positively correlated to individual differences in such emotion attenuation. Our findings provide direct empirical evidence for the face-saving function of indirect replies and reveal that the intrinsic brain activities of emotion network and theory of mind (ToM) network are related to individual differences in such emotion attenuation.
Wind tunnel study of the wind turbine interaction with a boundary-layer flow: Upwind region, turbine performance, and wake region

Comprehensive wind tunnel experiments were carried out to study the interaction of a turbulent boundary layer with a wind turbine operating under different tip-speed ratios and yaw angles. Force and power measurements were performed to characterize the variation of thrust force (both magnitude and direction) and generated power of the wind turbine under different operating conditions. Moreover, flow measurements, collected using high-resolution particle-image velocimetry as well as hot-wire anemometry, were employed to systematically study the flow in the upwind, near-wake, and far-wake regions. These measurements provide new insights into the effect of turbine operating conditions on flow characteristics in these regions. For the upwind region, the results show a strong lateral asymmetry under yawed conditions. For the near-wake region, the evolution of tip and root vortices was studied with the use of both instantaneous and phase-averaged vorticity fields. The results suggest that the vortex breakdown p.
Quench protection analysis integrated in the design of dipoles for the Future Circular Collider

The EuroCirCol collaboration is designing a 16 T Nb 3 Sn dipole that can be used as the main bending magnet in a 100 km long 100 TeV hadron-hadron collider. For economic reasons, the magnets need to be as compact as possible, requiring optimization of the cable cross section in different magnetic field regions. This leads to very high stored energy density and poses serious challenges for the magnet protection in case of a quench, i.e., sudden loss of superconductivity in the winding. The magnet design therefore must account for the limitations set by quench protection from the earliest stages of the design. In this paper we describe how the aspect of quench protection has been accounted for in the process of developing different options for the 16 T dipole designs. We discuss the assumed safe values for hot spot temperatures and voltages, and the efficiency of the protection system. We describe the developed tools for the quench analysis, and how their usage in the magnet design will eventually ensure a secure magnet operation.
Source of the low‐altitude hiss in the ionosphere

We analyze the propagation properties of low‐altitude hiss emission in the ionosphere observed by DEMETER (Detection of Electromagnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions). There exist two types of low‐altitude hiss: type I emission at high latitude is characterized by vertically downward propagation and broadband spectra, while type II emission at low latitude is featured with equatorward propagation and a narrower frequency band above ∼fcH+. Our ray tracing simulation demonstrates that both types of the low‐altitude hiss at different latitude are connected and they originate from plasmaspheric hiss and in part chorus emission. Type I emission represents magnetospheric whistler emission that accesses the ionosphere. Equatorward propagation associated with type II emission is a consequence of wave trapping mechanisms in the ionosphere. Two different wave trapping mechanisms are identified to explain the equatorial propagation of Type II emission; one is associated with the proximity of wave frequency and local proton cyclotron frequency, while the other occurs near the ionospheric density peak.
Evaluation of [18F]AlF-EMP-105 for Molecular Imaging of C-Met

C-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in a range of different cancer types, and has been identified as a potential biomarker for cancer imaging and therapy. Previously, a 68Ga-labelled peptide, [68Ga]Ga-EMP-100, has shown promise for imaging c-Met in renal cell carcinoma in humans. Herein, we report the synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of an [18F]AlF-labelled analogue, [18F]AlF-EMP-105, for c-Met imaging by positron emission tomography. EMP-105 was radiolabelled using the aluminium-[18F]fluoride method with 46 ± 2% RCY and >95% RCP in 35–40 min. In vitro evaluation showed that [18F]AlF-EMP-105 has a high specificity for c-Met-expressing cells. Radioactive metabolite analysis at 5 and 30 min post-injection revealed that [18F]AlF-EMP-105 has good blood stability, but undergoes transformation—transchelation, defluorination or demetallation—in the liver and kidneys. PET imaging in non-tumour-bearing mice showed high radioactive accumulation in the kidneys, bladder and urine, demonstrating that the tracer is cleared predominantly as [18F]fluoride by the renal system. With its high specificity for c-Met expressing cells, [18F]AlF-EMP-105 shows promise as a potential diagnostic tool for imaging cancer.
Ultrahigh‐Pressure Acoustic Velocities of Aluminous Silicate Glass up to 155 GPa With Implications for the Structure and Dynamics of the Deep Terrestrial Magma Ocean

We have carried out in situ high‐pressure acoustic velocity measurements of (Fe2+, Al)‐bearing MgSiO3 glass up to pressures of 155 GPa, which confirmed a distinct pressure‐induced trend change in the transverse acoustic velocity (VS) profile around 98 GPa, likely caused by the Si‐O coordination number (CN) change from 6 to 6+. Although it has been reported that the substitution of Fe2+ in MgSiO3 glass induces almost linear velocity reduction up to ∼160 GPa, we revealed that the VS profile of (Fe2+, Al)‐bearing MgSiO3 becomes anomalously steeper above ∼100 GPa and eventually came to be equivalent to MgSiO3 glass above ∼125 GPa. This implies the incorporation of Al into Fe‐bearing MgSiO3 glass significantly facilitates making it far elastically stiffer and thus the densification under pressures well within the Earth's lower mantle. Our results indicate the possible presence of stiff and highly dense silicate melts in deep MOs in the rocky terrestrial planets.
A defined method for differentiating human iPSCs into midbrain dopaminergic progenitors that safely restore motor deficits in Parkinson’s disease

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that primarily affects motor functions; it is caused by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. The therapeutic effects of transplanting human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mDA neural progenitor cells in animal PD models are known and are being evaluated in an ongoing clinical trial. However, However, improvements in the safety and efficiency of differentiation-inducing methods are crucial for providing a larger scale of cell therapy studies. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of dopaminergic progenitor cells derived from human iPSCs by our previously reported method, which promotes differentiation and neuronal maturation by treating iPSCs with three inhibitors at the start of induction. Methods Healthy subject-derived iPS cells were induced into mDA progenitor cells by the CTraS-mediated method we previously reported, and their proprieties and dopaminergic differentiation efficiency were examined in vitro. Then, the induced mDA progenitors were transplanted into 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned PD model mice, and their efficacy in improving motor function, cell viability, and differentiation ability in vivo was evaluated for 16 weeks. Results Approximately ≥80% of cells induced by this method without sorting expressed mDA progenitor markers and differentiated primarily into A9 dopaminergic neurons in vitro. After transplantation in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned PD model mice, more than 90% of the engrafted cells differentiated into the lineage of mDA neurons, and approximately 15% developed into mature mDA neurons without tumour formation. The grafted PD model mice also demonstrated significantly improved motor functions. Conclusion This study suggests that the differentiation protocol for the preparation of mDA progenitors is a promising option for cell therapy in patients with PD.
A Deep Learning Inversion Method for 3-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography Based on Neighborhood Feature Extraction

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is one of the most popular methods in geological exploration. When reconstructing the 3-D resistivity model directly from the apparent resistivity data, it has two main challenges: first, the apparent resistivity data obtained from the survey lines are limited, which is much less than the true model parameters. Second, the sensitivity of the data to the model has uneven spatial distribution. In this article, a novel deep learning algorithm is proposed to reconstruct a 3-D resistivity model directly from apparent resistivity data. The new resistivity inversion deep neural network (DNN) is based on neighborhood feature extraction. By using the limited observational apparent resistivity data profiles, the neighborhood features are extracted through a fully connected network to provide the augmented data so that the spatial correspondence between the input apparent resistivity data and the output resistivity model can be enhanced. A 3-D U-Net convolutional neural network is used to learn the attribute information feature relationship spatially aligned with the resistivity model from these augmented data. After that, the 3-D resistivity model is reconstructed. It is worth to point out that, a depth distance weighting constraint is added into the loss function to balance the sensitivity distribution of the different apparent resistivity data profiles and to improve the imaging effect between apparent resistivity data profiles and areas that far away from these data profiles. Finally, the effectiveness and reliability of the newly proposed DNN are verified through numerical simulations and field tests.
Physical properties of natural rubber latex foams produced with processed mica waste powder and creamed natural rubber latex

Incorporation of finely powdered mica waste into natural rubber latex processed into foam rubber, consuming a minimum amount of energy could contribute to progress towards a greener environment. In this study, mica waste generated in the mining industry was finely powdered and incorporated into creamed natural rubber latex which is an alternative form of concentrated latex manufactured using a green process known as the creaming process. Finely powdered processed mica waste (PMW) was added as a filler into latex varying the loading from 0 to 10 pphr at 2 pphr intervals. The latex foam was then converted into a vulcanized natural rubber latex foam (NRLF). Effects of mica loading on certain properties of the foam rubber produced from creamed natural rubber latex were studied. It was found that the density and hardness of the mica powder incorporated foam rubber increased with increasing filler loading. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies confirmed that no structural changes occurred in natural rubber due to the addition of PMW. The overall results of the study showed the potential of utilization of mica waste and creamed natural rubber latex to manufacture greener natural rubber foam composites in cottage-level foam manufacturing industries.
Dynamical thermal conductivity of suspended graphene ribbons in the hydrodynamic regime

The steady-state behavior of thermal transport in bulk and nanostructured semiconductors has been widely studied, both theoretically and experimentally. On the other hand, fast transients and frequency dynamics of thermal conduction has been given less attention. The frequency response of thermal conductivity has become more crucial in recent years, especially in light of the constant rise in the clock frequencies in microprocessors and terahertz sensing applications. Thermal conductivity in response to a time-varying temperature field starts decaying when the frequency exceeds a cut-off frequency Ωc, which is related to the inverse of phonon relaxation time τ , on the order of 2-10 ps in most bulk semiconductors. Phonons in graphene have much longer phonon relaxation times, which we show leads to far lower Ωc. Our calculations, based on the phonon Boltzmann equation coupled with first-principles dispersion, show that dynamical thermal conductivity of graphene resembles a low-pass filter that decays beyond an Ωc ranging from 100 MHz to 10 GHz, controlled by temperature and ribbon width. The response parallels the Drude model of electrons, but with far lower cut-off. Moreover, the presence of strong normal processes in graphene results in a complex-valued conductivity and gradual transition around Ωc, with the resistive contribution to the heat flux having higher cutoff frequency and smaller phase lag than the hydrodynamic part. The dynamical conductivity will impact dissipation in high-frequency applications of graphene. Our findings also provide a platform for future studies of hydrodynamic transport and wave-like, or second sound, heat transfer by tuning the frequency of the applied temperature field.
From Bad to Worse: Safety Behaviors Exacerbate Eating Disorder Fears

When evaluating ambiguous situations, humans sometimes use their behavior as a source of information (behavior-as-information effect) and interpret safety behaviors as evidence for danger. Accordingly, we hypothesized that eating disorder safety behaviors (restrictive eating, body checking, etc.) might aggravate fear and anxiety in individuals with an eating disorder. The present study tested to what extent eating disorder safety behaviors increase threat perception in individuals with and without an eating disorder. For this, 108 individuals with a self-reported eating disorder diagnosis and 82 healthy controls rated the dangerousness of several short situations. The situations systematically varied in the presence of eating disorder safety behaviors and danger information. As expected, all participants perceived situations in which the protagonist executed an eating disorder safety behavior as more threatening than situations without a safety behavior. This ‘behavior-as-information’ effect was equally strong in individuals with and without an eating disorder. Additionally, safety behaviors strengthened threat perception more in safe situations than in dangerous situations. To conclude, the presence of eating disorder safety behavior can increase threat perception regardless of whether individuals have an eating disorder or not. This makes eating disorder safety behaviors a potential risk factor for the development and maintenance of eating disorder fears.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR MATA KULIAH ALJABAR LINEAR BERBASIS OPEN ENDED

Teaching materials is one important component in learning because teaching materials can be used for independent study. On the other hand, the lack of teaching materials are on open-ended problems leads to an underdevelopment of creativity in learning. With the open-ended problems, students are expected to have more than one solution to solve problems in everyday life, especially in mathematical problem solving. The purpose of this study is to develop teaching materials based on open-ended valildly, practically and effectively in the subject of linear algebra. This research is the development by using Plomp models which consists of three stages: preliminary research, prototyping, and assessment. Data collection technique through observation, questionnaires and tests. The instruments used were observation sheet, questionnaire sheet and a test sheet. Based on result of the research that has been done shows that the teaching materials is based on open-ended in the subject linear algebra that have been developed otherwise valid with a value of 3.43, practice with a value 3,11 or in the percentage reached 77,75%, and effective with value of learning outcomes experiment class (use teaching materials developed) higher than control class.
U–Pb and fission‐track dating of Miocene hydrocarbon source rocks in the Akita Basin, Northeast Japan, and implications for the timing of paleoceanographic changes in the sea of Japan

Middle to Late Miocene organic‐rich siliceous mudstones (Onnagawa Formation) in the Akita Basin, Northeast Japan have been an important target for both paleoceanographic studies and hydrocarbon exploration in Japan. However, the reliable age of their formation has remained poorly constrained. Here, we report new zircon U–Pb and fission‐track ages of the Onnagawa Formation from a previously well‐studied outcrop route in the Yashima area, central Akita Basin. The thin tuff bed in the lower Onnagawa Formation was dated at around 11.6 Ma, whereas thin tuff beds in the upper Onnagawa Formation was dated at 10.4–9.6 Ma. The new age model constrains the base of the succession as older than 15.6–13.8 Ma and the top of the succession as 8.7–8.2 Ma. The results suggest that the lowest part of the succession was deposited before the Onnagawa Stage. The new age model indicates a rapid deposition in the lower Onnagawa Stage. The new age model also clarifies a temporary decrease in the sedimentation rate during 10.9–9.4 Ma, which coincided with a hiatus or slow deposition reported from other areas along the Sea of Japan coast. The new age model also revises the timing of paleoceanographic changes, of the best hydrocarbon source horizon, and of hydrothermal activity responsible for seafloor chemoautotrophic communities in the Akita Basin. This revised timing reveals that the onset of paleoceanographic changes from oxidizing to anoxic bottom environments favorable for hydrocarbon source rock formation was closely related to the tectonic uplift of the Northeast Japan Arc at ~12 Ma, whereas the timing of hydrothermal activity was related to the following extensional tectonics at ~9 Ma. The results of this study thus shed light on hitherto unclarified relationships between tectonics, volcanism, and paleoceanographic changes in the Sea of Japan.
Theoretical Performance of Airborne Coherent Doppler Lidar for Turbulence Detection Using Spectral Width Estimation of Heterodyne-Detected Signal

The theoretical performance of an airborne coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) for turbulence detections is shown. Irregular wind fluctuation, which causes aircraft vertical acceleration, is defined as turbulence. The detection method is based on spectral width estimation of a heterodyne-detected signal. The equations for simulation are derived by referring to the one for a Doppler radar. Performance theory on a CDL is additionally utilized to derive the equations. Probabilities of missed and false hazard indications are simulated with an example set of input parameters. The simulated turbulence detectable range roughly agrees with past experimental results. The contents of this article can contribute to the future establishment of minimum operational performance standards (MOPSs) for turbulence detection using an airborne CDL.