Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Small-scale impacts into rock: An evaluation of the effects of target temperature on experimental results

A series of cratering and catastrophic fragmentation experiments has been performed, involving the impact of aluminum and stainless - steel spheres into warm (∼298K) and cold (∼100K) granodiorite targets. Although some vague hints of a thermal effect might be found in some of the results, in no case was there a substantial difference between the warm and cold series. Since these experiments were well within the strength-dominated regime of impact phenomena, variations due to low target temperatures in more energetic events will probably be negligible. Thus, there appear to be no significant temperature-dependent mechanical effects during impact into solid rock over a wide range of temperatures prevalent in the solar system.
Using high resolution QuickBird imagery for crop identification and area estimation

Imagery from recently launched high spatial resolution satellite sensors offers new opportunities for crop assessment and monitoring. A 2.8-m multispectral QuickBird image covering an intensively cropped area in south Texas was evaluated for crop identification and area estimation. Three reduced-resolution images with pixel sizes of 11.2 m, 19.6 m, and 30.8 m were also generated from the original image to simulate coarser resolution imagery from other satellite systems. Supervised classification techniques were used to classify the original image and the three aggregated images into five crop classes (grain sorghum, cotton, citrus, sugarcane, and melons) and five non-crop cover types (mixed herbaceous species, mixed brush, water bodies, wet areas, and dry soil/roads). The five non-crop classes in the 10-category classification maps were then merged as one class. The classification maps were filtered to remove the small inclusions of other classes within the dominant class. For accuracy assessment of the classification maps, crop fields were ground verified and field boundaries were digitized from the original image to determine reference field areas for the five crops. Overall accuracy for the unfiltered 2.8-m, 11.2-m, 19.6-m, and 30.8-m classification maps were 71.4, 76.9, 77.1, and 78.0%, respectively, while overall accuracy for the respective filtered classification maps were 83.6, 82.3, 79.8, and 78.5%. Although increase in pixel size improved overall accuracy for the unfiltered classification maps, the filtered 2.8-m classification map provided the best overall accuracy. Percentage area estimates based on the filtered 2.8-m classification map (34.3, 16.4, 2.3, 2.2, 8.0, and 36.8% for grain sorghum, cotton, citrus, sugarcane, melons, and non-crop, respectively) agreed well with estimates from the digitized polygon map (35.0, 17.9, 2.4, 2.1, 8.0, and 34.6% for the respective categories). These results indicate that QuickBird imagery can be a useful data source for identifying crop types and estimating crop areas.
Diurnal variation of ionic aerosol species and water-soluble gas concentrations at a high-elevation site in the Japanese Alps

Size-separated atmospheric aerosol particles, acidic gases, and ammonia were collected during the daytime and nighttime at Murododaira (36.6°N, 137.6°E, 2450 m above sea level), Mount Tateyama, Japan in early winter. Non-sea-salt (nss) SO42− in fine fractions (<2.1 μm in diameter) was the most dominant ionic constituent and occupied 44% on average of the ionic mass concentration other than H+. Concentration levels of aerosol ions and water-soluble gases were higher during the day and lower at night. Concentrations of the nighttime aerosol particles and gases (except for SO2) were similar to free-tropospheric background levels at various sites of northern midlatitudes in the literature, suggesting that nighttime data at Murododaira were representative of free-tropospheric conditions. High concentration levels of SO2 at Murododaira were close to those over the northwest Pacific Rim region during the winter season. Molar ratios of nssSO42−/SO2 can be explained by the transport time from the Asian continent, suggesting that a significant source of fine nssSO42− aerosols at Murododaira in early winter could be due to the oxidation of anthropogenic SO2 derived from the Asian continent. The equivalent ratios of nssSO42− to NH4+ in fine particles were close to 0.5 under westerly wind conditions, suggesting the existence of half-neutralized sulfate on average.
A NEW APPROACH ON THE TECTONOMETAMORPHIC MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH P–T PATHS OF THE BARROVIAN-TYPE SILGARÁ FORMATION AT THE CENTRAL SANTANDER MASSIF, COLOMBIAN ANDES

Metamorphic pressure and temperature trajectories are generally used as tools to interpret the tectonic history ofdeformed belts of rocks that record past activity along active plate margins. The pre-Devonian metamorphic sequenceof the Silgara Formation forms part of the ancient basement of the central Santander Massif, including pelitic schists, siliceous schists and intercalation of amphibolites accompanied by marble. This metasedimentary unit has been affected by Barrovian type metamorphism under middle-pressure/high-temperature conditions. This paper presents on the relationship of tectonic processes to pressure-temperature paths development.Detailed petrologic analysis of pelites and related rocks has been used to constrain the P-T history of this region in the eastern colombian cordillera. Mineral assemblages and Geothermobarometric calculations indicate metamorphic temperatures and pressures of 400-600 °C and 4.0-6.5 kbar, respectively.
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Prediction of Soil Nitrogen Supply in Humid Temperate Regions of Canada

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) holds promise for rapid assessment of soil total N and organic C contents, but its ability to predict soil N supply in soils with contrasting physio-chemical properties needs to be evaluated. The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate NIRS predictions of measured soil parameters (total N, organic C, and C/N ratio) and as an indirect indicator of soil N supply, namely corn (Zea mays L.) N uptake and (ii) assess the effect of sample set heterogeneity on NIRS predictions. Soil samples (n = 282 in the total set) were collected between 2000 and 2009 from 52 sites across four Canadian provinces and were allocated to fine- (≥350 g clay kg−1, n = 101) and coarse-textured subsets (<350 g clay kg-1, n = 181). Prediction models were developed using modified partial least squares regression. Prediction precision was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2) and ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD = ratio of standard error of prediction corrected for bias to standard deviation of the reference data used in the validation). For the total set, predictions were reliable for total N, organic C and C/N ratio (0.7 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.9, 1.75 ≤ RPD ≤ 3), and less reliable for soil N supply (R2 < 0.7, RPD < 1.75). Prediction precision for total N, organic C, C/N ratio, and soil N supply increased with set homogeneity (i.e., better in the texture subsets than the total set), resulting in reliable predictions for soil N supply (RPD ≥ 2.00) in the texture subsets. This study demonstrated the possibility of developing reliable NIRS predictive models for total N, organic C, and C/N ratio for soils with contrasting physio-chemical properties, as well as reliable NIRS predictive models for soil N supply within homogeneous texture sets.
Evaluation of CLASS 2.7 and 3.5 Simulations of Snow Properties from the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM4) over Québec, Canada*

AbstractSnow cover simulations from versions 2.7 and 3.5 of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) coupled to the Canadian Regional Climate Model, version 4 (CRCM4), are evaluated over northern Quebec and the larger Quebec domain using in situ and remotely sensed datasets. Version 2.7 of CLASS has been used in the operational version of CRCM4 at Ouranos since 2006. Version 3.5 includes a number of improvements to the snow processes as well as a more realistic parameterization of snow thermal conductivity. The evaluation shows that version 3.5 provides improved simulations of snow water equivalent, density, depth, and snowpack temperature values. However, snowpack density still contains systematic biases during the snow season that need to be addressed. The snow albedo parameterization in CLASS was found to be very sensitive to an empirical snowfall rate threshold for albedo refreshment and does not keep track of the snow accumulation history in estimating the snow surface albedo. A modified albedo schem.
Effects of The Combination of Seluang Fish (Rasbora spp.) and Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma Longifolia Jack) on Systemic Inflammation and Neurotransmitter in Stunting Model Rat (Rattus Novergicus)

Background: Stunting causes growth and development issues which are characterized by a systemic inflammatory response and neurotransmitter disorder. The South Kalimantan natural resources i.e. extracts of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) and seluang fish have the potential as a modified therapy for stunting management.Objective: To analyze the effect of Pasak Bumi and seluang fish administration in overcoming systemic inflammation and neurotransmitter disorders in the stunting rats model.Methods: Rats were divided into six group i.e Positive Control (KP): Stunting rats + placebo + standard feed; (P1): stunting rats + 70% EPB 15 mg/kg body weight (BW) + standard feed; (P2): Stunting rats + DHA 1 mg/kg BW + standard feed; (P3): Stunting rats + EPB 15 mg/kg BW + DHA 1 mg/kg BW + standard feed; (P4): Stunting rats + seluang fish; (P5): Stunting rats + EPB 15 mg/kg BW + seluang fish for 5 weeks; Parameters measured were levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and serotonin.Results: There were significant differences in levels of TNF-α (p = 0.000) and serotonin (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The administration of Pasak Bumi extract and seluang fish was able to inhibit systemic inflammation and neurotransmitter dysregulation.
Transmission-Blocking Vaccines for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: New Progress and Yet New Challenges

Dogs with visceral leishmaniasis play a key role in the transmission cycle of Leishmania infantum to humans in the urban environment. There is a consensus regarding the importance of developing a vaccine to control this disease. Despite many efforts to develop a protective vaccine against CVL, the ones currently available, Leish-tec® and LetiFend®, have limited effectiveness. This is due, in part, to the complexity of the immune response of the naturally infected dogs against the parasite and the complexity of the parasite transmission cycle. Thus, strategies, such as the development of a transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) already being applied to other vector-borne diseases like malaria and dengue, would be an attractive alternative to control leishmaniasis. TBVs induce the production of antibodies in the vertebrate host, which can inhibit parasite development in the vector and/or interfere with aspects of vector biology, leading to an interruption of parasite transmission. To date, there are few TBV studies for CVL and other leishmaniasis forms. However, the few studies that exist show promising results, thus justifying the further development of this approach.
Drug-Related Problems and Pharmacists’ Interventions in Hypertensive Outpatients: A Multicenter Prospective Study in 3 Vietnamese Hospitals

Background: Clinical pharmacists’ interventions (PIs) on drug-related problems (DRPs) in Vietnamese hypertensive outpatients are limited. Objectives: The objective was to investigate the prevalence and nature of DRPs, and factors which are likely to have DRPs, types of PIs, and their acceptance rate in 3 Vietnamese hospitals. Method: A prospective interventional study was conducted over a period of 3 months in 3 hospitals (from October 2021 to March 2022). Clinical pharmacists conducted medication reviews after collecting patient information from prescriptions and patient interviewing, and then identified the DRPs and suggested PIs according to the Vi-Med tool. These DRPs and PIs were reviewed by other superior clinical pharmacists and a consensus meeting with 3 cardiologists. Results: Of 381 patients included, 344 (90.23%) experienced 1 or more DRPs. A total of 820 DRPs were identified with an average of 2.15 DRPs per patient and 415 (50.61%) were hypertension-related issues. The most common DRPs identified were “administration mode” (46.34%), “missing indication” (18.05%), “non-conformity indication” (17.80%), and “dosage” (11.95%). Comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.985, 95% CI: 1.597-9.942, P = 0.003) was the predictor of DRPs. Clinical pharmacists provided 739 PIs and 94.45% were accepted by physicians. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that DRPs were very common in hypertensive outpatients and highlighted the role of clinical pharmacists to identify and resolve DRPs through prompt interventions.
Source analysis of carbon monoxide pollution during INDOEX 1999

A source analysis of carbon monoxide (CO) over the Indian Ocean is presented using marked tracers in a chemistry general circulation model. The model includes a nonmethane hydrocarbon chemistry scheme and has been used at two different resolutions (3.75° × 3.75° and 1.9° × 1.9°). European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts meteorological analyses have been assimilated into the model to represent actual meteorology during February and March of 1999. A comparison with measurements indicates that the model simulates realistic CO distributions. In general, the model performance is more realistic at higher resolution. Discrepancies exist close to the Indian coasts, possibly related to a sea breeze circulation at the Indian west coast, not resolved by the model. Discrepancies are also found in the vicinity of convection at the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The marked tracer study suggests that biofuel use and agricultural waste burning in India are major CO sources for the Indian Ocean north of the ITCZ, with minor contributions from Middle East, China, and Southeast Asia. In the much cleaner boundary layer over the southern Indian Ocean, CO from hydrocarbon oxidation is a dominant source. There are no other regions around the globe where biofuel use and biomass burning contribute so much to the CO mixing ratios. In general, most of the Asian CO over the Indian Ocean remains north of the ITCZ, although some of the CO is transported to the southern hemisphere in the free troposphere near the African east coast.
Effect of vegetation and seasons on the water content of soil climatic conditions of the Atlantic Forest in Southern Brazil

The objetive of this work was monitoring of the soil water content behavior, for grass native field and native forest vegetation cover, in an area characteristic of Atlantic Forest in Southern Brazil. To obtain the soil water content, some electronics tensiometers with pressure transducer were utilized and were placed 0.10, 0.30 and 0.70 m below the soil surface, from October 2010 to May 2011. The values of matric potential, measured by tensiometers, were transformed into soil water content values based on a soil water retention curve for each depth. The obtained results showed that in native fields and native forests, the greatest variations of tension, water content, and water storage in the soil happened at a depth of 0.10 and 0.30 m. At a depth of 0.70 m these variables presented less variations, mainly in native field soil cover. The soil water content was greater in the forested land cover than in the native field. Different seasons throughout the year directly influenced the behavior of analyzed variables. In the summer, the values of soil water tension observed in the forested land cover were higher than those observed in the native field. In the winter season, there was a change in that behavior at depths of 0.30 and 0.70 m and the values of soil water tension became smaller than the forested land cover. Great variations in the soil water tension were observed from October to April (summer), and became steady after May (in the beginning of winter). In the grass native field, most of the time, the greatest soil water content was observed at a depth of 0.10 m followed by depths of 0.70 and 0.30 m, respectively. During dry periods, the greatest soil water content was observed at a depth of 0.70 m, followed by depths of 0.10 and 0.30 m, respectively. In the forest, except for rainy periods, the greatest content of the soil water occurred at a depth of 0.70 m. For the conditions of this study, the total storage of water in the soil was 31.05% greater in the native forest than in the native field.
Collaborative Inquiry for Change and Changing: Advances in Science-Practice Transformations

The overall context of this special issue is that in this volatile, unpredictable, complex, and ambiguous contemporary world, collaboration between researchers of different disciplines, between researchers and practitioners, and between institutions is imperative. This special issue presents seven papers with different approaches to collaborative inquiry. Each one provides a perspective of the way collaborative inquiry can address multilevel, multistakeholder, and longitudinal change in the current dynamic and constantly changing environment in which organizations reside. Taken together, the contributions in this volume make a powerful statement concerning the emerging significance of the collaborative inquiry paradigm and its potential future.
Evaluation of Model-Predicted Top-of-Atmosphere Radiation and Cloud Parameters over Africa with Observations from GERB and SEVIRI

AbstractThis study compared the Regional Atmospheric Climate Model version 2 (RACMO) with satellite data by simultaneously looking at cloud properties and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) fluxes. This study used cloud properties retrieved from Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) data and TOA shortwave and longwave outgoing radiative fluxes measured by one of the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) sensors. Both SEVIRI and GERB resolve the diurnal cycle extremely well with 96 images per day. To test the physical parameterizations of the model, RACMO was run for a domain-enclosing Africa and part of the surrounding oceans. Simulations for July 2006, forced at the lateral boundaries by ERA-Interim reanalyses, show generally accurate positioning of the various cloud regimes but also some important model–observation differences, which the authors tried to reduce by altering model parameterizations. These differences are as follows: 1) TOA albedo differences in clear-sky regions like the Sahar.
Meltwater production due to strain heating in Storglaciären, Sweden

[1] Storglaciaren, northern Sweden, is temperate in most parts except for a cold surface layer in the ablation zone. One of four possible sources for liquid water in temperate ice is melting due to strain heating. Velocity fields are calculated with an ice flow model, so that calculated and observed surface velocities agree. Meltwater accumulation is computed by integrating strain heating along trajectories starting at the surface in the accumulation area and ending at the cold-temperate transition surface in the ablation zone. The distribution of moisture content due to strain heating alone is mapped in a longitudinal section of Storglaciaren. Values reach more than 10 g of water per kilogram ice-water mixture in the lowest parts of the temperate domain. For this moisture content the rate factor is more than 3 times higher than for water-free ice, and therefore water production by strain heating is important for the modeling of temperate and polythermal glaciers.
A search for small comets with the Naval Space Command radar

We have searched for the hypothetical small comets proposed by Frank et al. [1986a, b] and Frank and Sigwarth [1993] using the world's most powerful radar in terms of gain-aperture product. The Naval Space Surveillance System can detect most space objects in low Earth orbit with radar cross sections (RCSs) of 0.1 m 2 or larger; at higher altitudes of the order of 10,000-20,000 km the radar can detect objects with RCSs of 1 m 2 . We carried out detailed first-principle calculations of the RCS of spherical comet using the properties proposed by Frank and Sigwarth [1993]. We find that 8-12 m diameter comets have an average cross section of 0.4 m 2 at the radar frequency (217 MHz), with peaks reaching 1 m -2 . Therefore the Naval radar system has sufficient sensitivity to detect many small comets, especially as they approach low Earth orbit. We estimate that at least 800-5000 small comets should have been detected by the radar during the 37 day search period during fall 1997. None of the more than 12,000 unidentified detections can be explained by small comets. The lack of detection of small comets by the radar can be explained only if small comets have RCSs <0.1% of their assumed physical size (which is unrealistic, given that human technology can match this value only by tailoring a design for a specific radar) or if their impact rate with Earth is some 4 orders of magnitude less than proposed by Frank et al. [1986a] and Frank and Sigwarth [1993].
A possible causal relationship between creep and sliding on Rwaza Hill, southern Rwanda

Stability calculations on a strongly creeping 28o slope on Rwaza Hill in Southern Rwanda reveal an apparent contradiction: terracette formation within the kaolinitic soil mantle should only be possible during hydrological conditions of high phreatic surfaces, for which the entire soil mantle should already have slid down in a translational sliding movement. This apparent contradiction can only be explained if it is accepted that the soil shear resistance can fall temporarily below the residual soil shear strength. A creep experiment confirms the theoretical possibility of this hypothesis. Furthermore, the configuration of the sliding surfaces in the field, consisting in fact of lenses of crumbled earth, shows close affinities with the pattern of potential ruptures in a creeping soil as provided by rheological theory. These data strongly suggest that, on natural slopes, creep should be the ultimate soil mechanical resason for sudden failures.
Dysautonomia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized in its typical presentation by a combination of lower and upper motor neuron symptoms, with a progressive course and fatal outcome. Due to increased recognition of the non-motor symptoms, it is currently considered a multisystem disorder with great heterogeneity, regarding genetical, clinical, and neuropathological features. Often underestimated, autonomic signs and symptoms have been described in patients with ALS, and various method analyses have been used to assess autonomic nervous system involvement. The aim of this paper is to offer a narrative literature review on autonomic disturbances in ALS, based on the scarce data available to date.