Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS IN PIGEONPEA UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS FOR YIELD CONTRIBUTING CHARACTERS

The experimental materials comprised of five lines (females) and twelve testers. Sixty crosses along with parents were evaluated during monsoon 2003 at four locations in two replications. Results revealed that non-additive gene action was more prevalent for almost all traits, as the variances due to specific combining ability (sea) were higher than the general combining ability (gea) variances. The parents ICPL-87119, BDN-20M, ART-8811, BSMR-736 and BSMR-853 had good general combining ability, whereas among the crosses BDN-2 × BDN-2010, BDN-2 × BSMR-853 and BSMR-736 × ART-8811 were the best specific cross combinations for grain yield/plant and plant spread, number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant and number of pods/plant.
The Influence of Lycopene and Other Natural Antioxidants on Refined Sunflower Oil Stability

The effects of lycopene (1000 ppm) and rosemary extract concentrate (R), as (R0.02), (R0.1) alone and in combination with 0.01 % citric acid (CA), 0.01% ascorbyl palmitate (AP), and 0.01% combined (AP+CA) on oxidative stability of refined sunflower oil and lycopene degradation were studied. Oxidative stability was assessed on oil heated in the absence of light and presence of nitrogen at 80°C as measured by peroxide value (PV). (R0.1 AP) showed the highest ability to enhance PV. Rancimate test was used to measure the oxidative stability index (OSI). The synergistic effect was observed in the following order (RAPCA), (RCA), (RAP). Lycopene was found to reduce the OSI compared to the addition of other antioxidant systems with no lycopene. However, the OSI of containing lycopene systems in comparison to control (sunflower oil) was exceedingly high. Lycopene degradation was determined by HPLC. R0.1AP system showed the highest lycopene protective as total lycopene was 10.9 % higher than that of the control sample as the sunflower oil was heated in the absence of light, and in the presence of nitrogen at 80°C for 72 hours. Natural antioxidants such as Lycopene and rosemary extract are useful to retard lipid oxidation in a variety of food products which can act as functional food to protect biological systems in the human body. Keywords— Natural antioxidants, lycopene, rosemary extract, refined sunflower oil, oil oxidation.
Sustainable shellfish aquaculture in Saldanha Bay, South Africa

The carrying capacity for bivalve shellfish culture in Saldanha Bay, South Africa, was analysed through the application of the well-tested EcoWin ecological model, in order to simulate key ecosystem variables. The model was set up using: (i) oceanographic and water-quality data collected from Saldanha Bay, and (ii) culture-practice information provided by local shellfish farmers. EcoWin successfully reproduced key ecological processes, simulating an annual mean phytoplankton biomass of 7.5 µg Chl a l–1 and an annual harvested shellfish biomass of about 3 000 tonnes (t) y–1, in good agreement with reported yield. The maximum annual carrying capacity of Small Bay was estimated as 20 000 t live weight (LW) of oysters Crassostrea gigas, or alternatively 5 100 t LW of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, and for Big Bay as 100 000 t LW of oysters. Two production scenarios were investigated for Small Bay: a production of 4 000 t LW y–1 of mussels, and the most profitable scenario for oysters of 19 700 t LW y–1. The main conclusions of this work are: (i) in 2015–2016, both Small Bay and Big Bay were below their maximum production capacity; (ii) the current production of shellfish potentially removes 85% of the human nitrogen inputs; (iii) a maximum-production scenario in both Big Bay and Small Bay would result in phytoplankton depletion in the farmed area; (iv) increasing the production intensity in Big Bay would probably impact the existing cultures in Small Bay; and (v) the production in Small Bay could be increased, resulting in higher income for farmers.
Osmotic and Ionic Concentrations in Some Alaskan Fish and Goldfish from Different Temperatures

Some marine teleosts in arctic, antarctic, and temperate waters in winter have elevated serum osmotic concentrations due to an organic "anti-freeze" (Scholander et al. 1957; Gordon, Amdur, and Scholander 1962; Potts and Morris 1968; Umminger 1968; deVries and Wohlschlag 1969). In none of these serums is the freezing point as low as the freezing point of seawater; rather, the organic solutes facilitate supercooling. Many subarctic and a few temperate-zone marine fish living at low temperatures have elevated sodium chloride concentration (Woodhead and Woodhead 1959; Pearcy 1961; Gordon 1962; Umminger 1968). The sodium concentration in muscle fibers of marine fish
Incorporating External Annotation to improve Named Entity Translation in NMT

The correct translation of named entities (NEs) still poses a challenge for conventional neural machine translation (NMT) systems. This study explores methods incorporating named entity recognition (NER) into NMT with the aim to improve named entity translation. It proposes an annotation method that integrates named entities and inside–outside–beginning (IOB) tagging into the neural network input with the use of source factors. Our experiments on English→German and English→ Chinese show that just by including different NE classes and IOB tagging, we can increase the BLEU score by around 1 point using the standard test set from WMT2019 and achieve up to 12% increase in NE translation rates over a strong baseline.
Machine Translation Quality: A comparative evaluation of SMT, NMT and tailored-NMT outputs

The present study aims to compare three systems: a generic statistical machine translation (SMT), a generic neural machine translation (NMT) and a tailored-NMT system focusing on the English to Greek language pair. The comparison is carried out following a mixed-methods approach, i.e. automatic metrics, as well as side-by-side ranking, adequacy and fluency rating, measurement of actual post editing (PE) effort and human error analysis performed by 16 postgraduate Translation students. The findings reveal a higher score for both the generic NMT and the tailored-NMT outputs as regards automatic metrics and human evaluation metrics, with the tailored-NMT output faring even better than the generic NMT output.
Terminology-Constrained Neural Machine Translation at SAP

This paper examines approaches to bias a neural machine translation model to adhere to terminology constraints in an industrial setup. In particular, we investigate variations of the approach by Dinu et al. (2019), which uses inline annotation of the target terms in the source segment plus source factor embeddings during training and inference, and compare them to constrained decoding. We describe the challenges with respect to terminology in our usage scenario at SAP and show how far the investigated methods can help to overcome them. We extend the original study to a new language pair and provide an in-depth evaluation including an error classification and a human evaluation.
Key Recommendations

・Background and objectives Japan provides emergency assistance as one of its concrete international humanitarian assistance measures, and Japan Disaster Relief Team (JDR) constitutes the humanitarian aid provided within this framework. When a major disaster occurs overseas, JDR is dispatched in response to a request from the government of the affected country or an international organization. The JDR conducts search and rescue, provides medical assistance, and implements emergency and disaster recovery measures. As a form of Official Development Assistance (ODA) that is clearly identifiable as being from Japan, JDR makes a major contribution to the promotion of Japan's international cooperation efforts. This evaluation represents a comprehensive evaluation of the JDR scheme (excluding the SelfDefense Force Unit).
Behaviour and habitat of the Indian Ocean amphibious blenny, Alticus monochrus

Behaviour and habitat of the Indian Ocean amphibious blenny, Alticus monochrus Alticus monochrus Bleeker is an amphibious blenny that inhabits exposed and moderately exposed rocky shores of Mauritius and other islands of the southwestern Indian Ocean. It remains above the water line on moist or wet substrata over which it migrates vertically and/or horizontally with the tide. Rapid terrestrial locomotion is accomplished by leaping during which the entire body leaves the substratum. When chased into water, it immediately re-emerges. A. monochrus feeds on emerged microscopic algae scraped from the rocks. An ethogram based primarily on field observations is presented. Although A. monochrus performs all feeding, reproductive and agonistic behaviours in air, and consequently is one of the most terrestrial intertidal fishes, its behaviour patterns are similar to those described for other intertidal blennies.
Movement Parallax and Distance Perception in the Grasshopper (Phaulacridium Vittatum (Sjöstedt)): Short Communications

It has sometimes been argued that insects use binocular vision to obtain correct perception of sizes and distances in their visual world (cf. Wigglesworth, 1972). In the praying mantids it has also been claimed that monocular animals essentially lack depth perception (Maldonado, Benko & Isern, 1970). Recently, however, the importance of binocular cues in insect vision has been questioned (Beersma, Stavenga & Kuiper, 1977; Via, 1977) and it has been suggested that insects may use movement parallax as a mechanism for generating veridical space perception (Horridge, 1977). As emphasised by Horridge there is too little evidence at present to allow us to evaluate the idea that movement parallax constitutes an effective mechanism in space perception. Some support in favour of the idea derives from Wallace (1959) who proposed that peering movements of locusts are conducted to obtain parallax information. He also showed that monocular locusts can distinguish different distances, and in a recent study (Collett, 1978) further indications of the role of movement parallax in Schistocerca gregaria are presented. In the present paper this work is extended by an account of a study of jumping behaviour in adult grasshoppers (Phaulacridium vittatum (Sjostedt)). The purpose of the first experiment was to compare the jumping behaviour of binocular animals with that of monocular animals under as normal conditions as possible. Monocular vision was obtained by applying three coats of enamel to one compound eye and the three ocelli. The animals were placed in a small woodenframed cage (30 x 30 x 30 cm), the sides of which were made of wire mesh (diam. 0-3 mm). The observations were conducted on a meadow outside the Neurobiology Department, Canberra between 10.00 and 14.00 hours on sunny February days with temperatures varying between 27 and 32 °C. The results show that the animals generally were very active (in contrast to their behaviour when the cage was placed inside the laboratory where the temperature was about 20 °C). When placed in the sunshine they usually jumped away after a while and then moved into the shadow of the corners of the cage. As a rule the jumps were preceded by the peering behaviour described by Wallace (1959) and seemed to be carefully prepared. The force of the jumps also corresponded to the distance to the surface. When the animals were placed close to the surface (3-4 cm) they made a
A Comparison of Cognitive Colour Processing in Bicultural Bilingual Elementary School Children Residing in the UK and Japan

The ‘Linguistic Relativity hypothesis’ states that speakers of two languages that have differing concepts, may view the world differently when using those languages. Some languages express the notion of colours distinctively and have differing verbal labels for them. English for example does not have separate lexical terminology for light or sky blue and blue, they are both the same colour, albeit with several shades apart. The Japanese language does, and light blue is termed ‘mizu iro’, literally water colour, which distinguishes it from the colour blue which is called ‘ao’. This paper aims to examine whether the consequences of being brought up bilingually in both the English and Japanese languages has an influence on the perception and cognitive processing of blue stimuli. Results showed that despite both groups being brought up bilingually there was no cognitive shift in how the children processed the sets of blue colour pairs. This is probably due to the fact that the children’s L2 speaking frequency did not exceed their L1 speaking times, a situation you would expect for children growing up and being schooled in the L1 country. It is therefore argued that for there to be a cognitive shift in colour processing and perception the children would have to be residing in or have lived in the L2 country for a considerable period. 【
Histological and histochemical study on the large intestine of one-humped camel in Iraq.

The aim of the study was to investigate the histological aspects of the large intestine of adult one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) domiciled in Iraq. To conduct that, large intestines samples of twelve adult camels (six males and six females) obtained directly after animals slaughtering. Tissue specimens from different segments of the intestine (cecum, colon, and rectum) were collected, fixed, processed routinely, and subsequently stained with H&E, Lillies Allochrome, Periodic Acid Schiff, Combined AB–PAS, and Gomori Aldehyde-Fuchsin stains. The microscopic examination showed the composition of tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa layers. Lining epithelium of all segments showed their consistency of simple columnar and goblet cells. Distinctly, the muscularis mucosa separates mucosa from submucosa layers. Tunica muscularis structured of two distinct layers (inner circular and outer longitudinal); the outer layer is organized by three separated bands, that is known as taeniae coli. The histochemically stained sections revealed scattered goblet cells of all segments that were strongly reacted to PAS. Staining with PAS-AB showed negative or faintly bluish stained epithelial cells due to the reaction with AB contents, whereas goblet cells showed toughly positive reaction due to the PAS contents. The gomori Aldehyde-Fuchsin stain showed goblet cells strongly reacted to the acidic, nonsulfated, mucopolysaccharides but columnar epithelium were showing poor reaction toward this stain. the unique structure of large intestine of one-humped camels has investigated and its composed layers have remarkably observed in this work.
The relative influence of in situ and neighborhood factors on reptile recolonization in post‐mining restoration sites

Restoration can be important in slowing, or reducing, rates of biodiversity loss, but needs to consider the factors influencing fauna recolonization as part of the recovery process. Although many studies of factors influencing faunal recolonization have examined the influence of in situ site factors, fewer have examined the influence of neighborhood landscape factors, especially in landscapes with permeable matrices. To assess the relative influence of landscape and site factors on reptile recolonization in a production landscape with a permeable matrix, we surveyed reptiles at intact reference sites and post‐mining restoration sites (3–20 years post‐mining [YPM]) in a forest ecosystem in southwestern Australia. Reptile assemblages in restoration sites never converged on those in reference habitat. Reptile species composition and individual species abundances (>20 detections) in restoration sites were primarily influenced by site factors such as canopy height, litter cover, and coarse woody debris volume, and not by landscape factors. We suggest that the most common reptile species in our study area are primarily influenced by site factors, not landscape factors, and most reptiles detected in restoration sites were present by 3–4 YPM. Therefore, it is likely that habitat suitability is the main barrier to most species' recolonization of restoration sites in landscapes with permeable matrices. Management should continue to focus on restoring microhabitats and vegetation structure, which is similar to reference habitat to promote recolonization of restoration sites by reptiles.
Rapid temperature responses of photosystem II efficiency forecast genotypic variation in rice vegetative heat tolerance.

A key target for rice improvement is the development of heat tolerant varieties. This necessitates high-throughput methodologies for screening of heat tolerance. Progress has been made to this end via visual scoring and chlorophyll fluorescence. However, these approaches demand large infrastructural investments to expose large populations of adult plants to heat stress. To address this bottleneck, we investigated the response of the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII to rapidly increasing temperatures in excised leaf segments of juvenile rice plants. Segmented models explained the majority of the observed variation in this response. Coefficients from these models, i.e. critical temperature (Tcrit ) and the initial response (m1 ), were evaluated for their usability for forecasting adult heat tolerance, measured as vegetative heat tolerance of adult rice plants through visual (stay-green) and chlorophyll fluorescence (ɸPSII) approaches. We detected substantial variation in heat tolerance of a randomly selected set of indica rice varieties. Both Tcrit and m1 were associated with measured heat tolerance in adult plants, highlighting their usability as high-throughput proxies. Variation in heat tolerance was associated with daytime respiration but not photosynthetic capacity, highlighting a role for non-photorespiratory release of CO2 in heat tolerance. To date, this represents the first published instance of genetic variation in these key gas exchange traits being quantified in response to heat stress in a diverse set of rice accessions. These results outline an efficient strategy for screening heat tolerance and accentuate the need to focus on reduced rates of respiration to improve heat tolerance in rice.
The Difference in the Cyclin D1 Expression in Advanced Stage Nasopharyngeal Cancer based on Treatment Response: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer in Indonesia (28.4%). Reports showed that 18.9% of cases came with advanced stage. Chemotherapy play important role in advanced stage. However, patients with the same stage of the disease may have different treatment response, likely due to the different tumor biological characteristics. Cyclin D1 is a protein involved in the cell cycle, which will stimulate proliferation. This study aimed to examine the proportion of cyclin D1 in NPC and its association with treatment response. METHODS a retrospective cohort study was conducted on advanced NPC patients that underwent chemotherapy at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2015 until 2018. Cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry staining was done by antigen retrieval methods using the cyclin D1 NovocastraTM monoclonal antibody. The cyclin D1 expression was evaluated with h-score. Treatment response was reviewed based on the RECIST 1.1 criteria. RESULTS fifteen subjects (48.4%) had a positive expression of cyclin D1. Higher proportion of cyclin D1 positive was found in responsive group compare with non-responsive group (66.7% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.032). Statistically significant difference in mean h-score was observed between the subjects who responded and those who did not respond (116.24 SD57.80 vs. 77.97 SD45.27, p = 0.048). CONCLUSION this study suggests that a higher expression of cyclin D1 is associated with a good treatment response in NPC patients.
Dialysis-specific factors and incident atrial fibrillation in hemodialysis patients

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in end-stage renal disease patients. Besides the traditional risk factors, we aimed to find dialysis-specific factors for developing incident AF. Methods From March 2017 to August 2018, we retrospectively reviewed all outpatient-based prevalent hemodialysis patients in our artificial kidney room, and they were followed up until August 2019. Dialysate calcium concentration (3 versus 2.5 mEq/L), time length (4 versus 3.5 h), frequency (thrice weekly versus twice weekly), dialyzer size (effective surface area of 1.4 m2 versus 1.8 m2), membrane permeability (high flux versus low flux), ultrafiltration rate (mL/kg/hour), and blood flow rate (mL/min) were evaluated. Results Among a total of 84 patients, 15 (17.9%) had newly detected AF with a follow-up period of 21 (13.3–24) months. By performing multivariate Cox regression analysis, blood flow rate (mL/min) and ultrafiltration rate (mL/kg/h) were considered significant factors for developing incident AF (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.977; p = 0.011 and adjusted HR, 1.176; p = 0.013, respectively), while dialysis bath, time length, and frequency, dialyzer size, and membrane type were not considered significant factors. Ultrafiltration cutoff rate of 8.6 mL/kg/h was the best predictive factor for incident AF (area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic [AUC-ROC], 0.746; p < 0.005), while blood flow rate was not considered a significant factor for incident AF in ROC analysis (AUC-ROC, 0.623; p = 0.126). Ultrafiltration rate was largely dependent on interdialytic weight gain (p < 0.005, linear-by-linear association). Conclusion Higher ultrafiltration rate was associated with incident AF in hemodialysis patients.
Acupuncture for tinnitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy/effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of tinnitus. Methods: Four English and four Chinese databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for tinnitus published before 30 September 2018. RCTs applying acupuncture alone compared with conventional treatments, sham acupuncture, or no treatment, as well as acupuncture plus conventional treatments compared with conventional treatments alone, were included. The primary outcome was the visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes included tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) and tinnitus severity index (TSI) scores. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan V5.3 software. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (ref. CRD42018108692). Results: Eight studies involving 504 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed no significant differences in the VAS score (mean difference (MD) = −1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −3.69 to 0.07; p = 0.06) between the acupuncture and control groups. However, favorable effects of acupuncture on changes in THI score (MD = −10.11, 95% CI = −12.74 to −7.48; p < 0.001) and TSI score (MD = −8.36, 95% CI = −8.87 to −7.86; p < 0.001) were found. Conclusion: Acupuncture had no significant effect on the primary outcome of VAS score compared with control treatment; however, positive effects on secondary outcomes (THI and TSI score) were observed in acupuncture versus control groups. Due to the low quality and small sample size of the included trials, the level of evidence was insufficient to draw any definitive conclusions. Further rigorous and high-quality studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to confirm the efficacy/effectiveness of acupuncture for tinnitus.