Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of primary and heterotrophic productivity in an arid lowland river

Three river conceptual models make differing predictions about the major source of primary production in lowland rivers, acknowledging the importance of primary productivity in the ecology and management of lowland rivers. Patterns of primary production in lowland rivers are still an area of considerable uncertainty. The objective of this study was to examine the major sources and transformations of organic matter in an Australian lowland river and compare them to the predictions of existing models. The broad approach adopted was to quantify the contribution from the major ecosystem components and compare these with estimates of system metabolism determined using open water measures of diel oxygen change. Three 4‐km river reaches were selected to represent the extent of variation found along the free‐flowing lowland sections of the Murray River, one of Australia's largest and most regulated rivers. Annual open water gross primary production (GPP) estimates for the Murray R. during this study ranged from 221 to 376 gC m−2 y−1 and were similar to other large rivers. Examination of the net contribution of organic matter to the channel indicates that primary productivity in the Murray R. is derived from a combination of phytoplankton, riparian vegetation and macrophytes, but that the major source varies both spatially and temporally. The present study confirms that the River Continuum Concept (RCC), the Flood Pulse Concept (FPC) and Riverine Productivity Model (RPM) all have some application to Australian lowland rivers, but that synthesis of the models will be difficult until we can incorporate the extent, causes and consequences of primary production variability. This study also highlights the importance of the microbial loop and macrophytes in the ecology of the Murray R. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Study On Internal And External Factors Influencing Manufacturing Company Share Price

The Intention of the study is to discover academic proof associated with the role of internal factors such as Profitability, financial Leverage, and market value in driving a company's stock price. At the same time, this study wanted to evaluate the position of external factors, namely interest rates on stock price movements. The research population are companies in the manufacturing industry group, Indonesia Stock Exchange. By using a purposive-sampling its obtained a total of 280 company data from 56 manufacturing companies in the 2017 to 2021 time period. Data was analized using fixed effect regression model. The finding of the study show that Profitability is able to bring positive and significant movement to stock prices, financial leverageehas a positive anddinsignificant impact on stock prices, while market value has a negative and significant” influence on stock prices, while interest rates significantly move stock prices in the opposite direction.
Westward movement of eddies into the Gulf of Aden from the Arabian Sea

Sea level anomalies ( SLA) from satellite altimetry ( 1993 - 2003) reveal the westward movement of mesoscale eddies in the Gulf of Aden. Inside the gulf the eddies move at a speed of similar to 6.0 - 8.5 cm s(-1), comparable to the first- mode baroclinic Rossby wave speed of 7.2 cm s(-1). We show that the eddies, which enter the gulf from the Arabian Sea, owe their existence to more than one mechanism. Local Ekman pumping in the western Arabian Sea is important during the summer monsoon ( June September). In May and during the latter half of the summer monsoon ( late July to September) and the fall intermonsoon (October), the dominant mechanism is the generation of eddies by the instabilities in the Somali Current and the large eddies associated with it ( Great Whirl and Socotra eddy). During the winter monsoon ( November - April) the dominant mechanism involves the westward propagating Rossby waves generated either in the Arabian Sea by Ekman pumping or along the west coast of India by poleward propagating Kelvin waves. These Rossby waves from the Arabian Sea propagate slower on entering the gulf because of a shallower thermocline in the gulf. Analysis shows that the SLA signal consists of low ( annual and subannual) and high ( similar to 100 - 180 d) frequencies. The low- frequency signal ( mainly annual) shows a discontinuity between 52 degrees E and 60 degrees E. Though the high- frequency signal is seen at all longitudes, a wavelet analysis shows that it was significant only west of 60 degrees E. An energy analysis, based on model simulations, suggests that barotropic instabilities are important during the entire year and that baroclinic instabilities are also important during the summer monsoon.
Behaviour of Unsaturated Aggregated Soil in Oedometric Condition

Natural and agricultural soils usually possess an aggregated structure; in the sense that they are composed of aggregates and large inter-aggregate pores. Under the natural condition, these soils are usually unsaturated and the large pores are easily drained. The present paper looks at the combined effects of soil structure and partial saturation on the mechanical behaviour of aggregated soils. Conventional and suction-controlled oedometer testing are used to evaluate the soil response at different combinations of saturation and the initial soil structure. The soil structure effects are assessed by comparing the behaviour of aggregated to that of the corresponding reconstituted soil. The effects of suction in reconstituted and aggregated soils are evaluated by testing at different levels of suction.
Attenuation Relationships for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes Based on California Strong Motion Data

Attenuation relationships are presented for peak acceleration and response spectral accelerations from shallow crustal earthquakes. The relationships are based on strong motion data primarily from California earthquakes. Relationships are presented for strike-slip and reverse-faulting earthquakes, rock and deep firm soil deposits, earthquakes of moment magnitude M 4 to 8+, and distances up to 100 km.
Simultaneous observations of the Martian atmosphere by Planetary Fourier Spectrometer on Mars Express and Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer on Mars Exploration Rover

[1] In this study we present temperature profiles in the lower atmosphere of Mars from simultaneous observations performed by the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) aboard the Mars Express spacecraft and the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) aboard the Mars Exploration Rovers. Thermal infrared spectra were collected in both the upward and downward looking geometries from the surface and from orbit, respectively. We used two sets of criteria to select PFS observations. These criteria took into account the location around the landing sites of the rovers, the local time (LT), and the solar longitude (Ls) corresponding to the Martian solar day (sol). The first set of criteria included PFS measurements carried out within ±1° in latitude and longitude, within 1 h in local time, and on the same sol. From the restricted set of measurements we conclude that the PFS data are consistent with the Mini-TES data. The next set of criteria covered the area 5° × 5° around the landing sites, within 1 h in local time and within 9 sols. The latter criteria allow us to study the variation of parameters LT, distance, and Ls and their influence on changes of temperature profiles. This comparison for the group with relaxed criteria showed also that local time has strongest effect on temperature differences. The main purpose of this study is to confirm the validity of PFS temperature profiles close to the surface. Atmospheric temperatures below 5 km are retrieved from satellite measurements with a large uncertainty because of poor pieces of information in the wings of the CO2 absorption band at 667 cm−1. The Mini-TES temperature profiles span atmospheric layers below 2 km. The good correspondence observed in a number of cases confirms the possibility of using PFS measurements to investigate the lower atmosphere.
Group Intelligence Recommendation System based on Knowledge Graph and Fusion Recommendation Model

—The challenge of how to further improve the accuracy of the system's recommendations in a data-limited environment is crucial as the use of group intelligence recommendation systems in everyday life increases. Through the fusion of different types of auxiliary information, this study develops a multi-feature fusion model based on the conventional recommendation model by introducing knowledge graphs. It also considers the homogeneity of push results caused by graph convolutional network smoothing when using knowledge graphs, and designs a fusion label propagation algorithm and graph convolution. The multi-feature fusion model had a maximum hit rate of over 80% and a normalised discount gain of up to 43% running time much lower than the conventional graph convolution recommendation model in the representation dimension interval [2, 32], while the fusion label propagation algorithm and graph convolution network model maintained a hit rate and normalised discount gain higher than the conventional model by 2 to 1 under 10 consecutive epochs. With a hit rate and normalised discount gain 2 to 10 percentage points higher than the conventional model, the coverage rate increased to 49.8%. This study is useful for research on group intelligence recommendation systems and can serve as a technical guide for improving the ability of group intelligence systems to make recommendations quickly.
Derivation of contributions of sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols to cloud condensation nuclei from mass size distributions

We have estimated the contributions of mass concentrations of major aerosol species (sulfate, carbonaceous material, and sea salt) to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations from simultaneous measurements of aerosol number size distributions, impactor-derived mass size distributions of aerosol species, and CCN number concentrations (measured at 0.5% supersaturation). Our approach involves the derivation of number size distributions from the impactor data by numerical data inversion from which the mass contributions of sulfate, organic material and sea salt to CCN number concentrations are estimated. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by the results obtained at Point Reyes, California, where we compared the derived number size distributions with directly measured number size distributions. Direct measurements of the CCN concentrations for 0.5% supersaturation showed agreement of ±25% with CCN derived from impactor data. The contribution of sulfate to CCN concentrations was found to be between 20 and 65% versus contribution of organic particles between 4 and 80%. Thus sometimes sulfate can contribute most of the CCN, while at other times organic aerosols dominate the CCN concentrations.
Detecting Change in Forest Floor Carbon

Changes over time in forest soils are important to global C balance and to local ecosystem function. Detecting change in C storage in the forest floor is hampered by high variability and the use of study designs that are not adequate to statistically detect change. Using estimates of variability from previous forest floor studies, mostly conducted in the northern USA and Canada, we conducted statistical power analyses to assess the ability of such studies to detect various magnitudes of change in forest floor C. The studies we surveyed were unable to detect statistically significant changes in forest floor C or mass smaller than 15 to 20%. Studies that remeasure plots or sites (i.e., paired designs) have greater statistical power to detect changes than those in which experimental units are independently located for the two sampling dates. The causal mechanisms of forest floor change influence the magnitude of the change, and accordingly our ability to detect such changes. The direct effects of climate change may be too small to be detectable by current designs, but larger changes in forest floor mass resulting from forest management, changes in tree species, changes in fire regime, or the introduction of earthworms are more likely to be detectable. With paired resampling and more efficient allocation of sampling effort, it should be possible for future studies to detect smaller changes.
Human values and traveler behaviors: metaverse for conferences and meetings

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this article is testing the factors that influence the use of the metaverse for conferences/meetings, the moderating effects of human values and the gender, and the age of users on this relationship. A convenience sampling approach was employed in order to gather data in Korea. The findings revealed that the users accepted the metaverse as a valuable technology in regard to virtually assisting conferences and meetings. The performance expectancy, social influence, and a lack of anxiety were specifically the most significant predictors of behavioral intention about the use of the metaverse for conferences/meetings.
Usability Testing of Memorable Word in Security Enhancing in e-Government and e-Financial Systems

—Most applications increase their security by adding an extra layer to the login process using two-factor authentication (2FA). In Saudi Arabia, One-Time Password (OTP), which is 2FA, is the most common method used as users log in to their accounts. However, some issues have emerged with using OTP as 2FA; these issues from previous research were investigated in the study. Also, the study proposed a new method of account authentication, which is a Memorable Word (MW). MW is the second and short password in which the user enters a certain number of characters instead of the whole password. The study conducted usability testing to compare two 2FA methods, OTP and MW. The study included 60 participants logged into a simulated website using both authentication methods. Then, all participants have to complete the questionnaire. The collected data analyses showed a favourable opinion of the MW method.
Foraminifera and ostracodes across the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary in the Arctice Realm (stratigraphy, palaeobiogeography and biofacies)

Abstract The analysis of samples from numerous Pliensbachian and Toarcian sections from the northern regions of Russia and northern Alaska, as well as published data, allow us to estimate the correlative significance of foraminifera and ostracodes, and to develop an Arctic zonal standard based on these microfauna. During the Late Pliensbachian-Early Toarcian depositional period in the Arctic Basin and northwestern seas of Western Europe, a succession of almost simultaneous biotic and abiotic events occurred: widespread development of black bituminous shale at the beginning of the Early Toarcian, and a microbiota crisis (mass extinction event) in the Northern Hemisphere. The Early Toarcian microbiotic crisis was very sharp in both Arctic and Western European palaeobasins. In the Arctic seas, the generic and family composition of ostracode communities was completely replaced by new taxa. The species composition of foraminiferal assemblages changed considerably, while the generic composition of the foraminifera is only characterized by partial changes. In the Western European seas, the Early Toarcian microbenthos crisis caused taxonomic changes generally at the species level among foraminifera and at the generic level among ostracodes. The comprehensive analysis of the biogeographical distribution of Late Pliensbachian and Early Toarcian foraminifera and ostracodes, as well as Jaccard cluster analysis, allow us to define several biogeographical units within the Arctic and Boreal-Atlantic realms. A pattern of ecological distribution of microbenthos in bathymetric zones in Siberian palaeobasins has been developed, providing the basis for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.
Mercury speciation in surface freshwater systems in California and other areas

Mercury concentrations and speciation were determined in surface water samples from lakes and rivers in California and other areas. The freshwater systems studied ranged from a pristine alpine lake to a system with Hg-contaminated sediments. Dissolved organo-Hg compounds accounted for a majority (up to 89%) of the dissolved Hg in some lakes. Mercury concentration and speciation patterns in rivers were similar to that for lakes. The total Hg levels obtained in this present work, using clean sampling and analytical technologies, were considerably lower than most historical reports
Acquiring Sustainability in The Prospect of Digital Transformation Through Global Brain-Reflective Accounting Practices Application

The current research conceptualizes and validates a model concentrating on how policy initiatives foster the big data management capabilities (BDMC) to achieve sustainability. Additionally, it also pursues to delve into the mediation mechanism of Global brain reflective management accounting practices (GBAP) in the linkage between BDMC and sustainability. Outstandingly, it makes several endeavors to deepen insight on whether the extent of the effect of BDMC on GBAP and the effect of GBAP on sustainability vary resting on specific degree of innovation human resource management (IHRM). The statistical data of a convenient and snowball sample of 612 participants was gathered from a structured and close-ended questionnaire survey. In order to bring forth the proposed hypothesized interconnections, the fundamental analytical instrument utilized was structural equation modeling (SEM). Additionally, multi-group SEM analysis was also applied to corroborate the moderating effects of IHRM. Beyond ameliorating the insight into how intersection of accounting practices and new technologies could make a huge contribution to BDMC enhancement to reach the sustainability paradigm, the observations of this research gave rise to the practical implications for the practitioners in organizational management and policy-makers in promulgating rules in relation to digital transformation implementation within small and medium enterprises.
The Pacific Meridional Mode as a trigger for ENSO in a high‐resolution coupled model

This study investigates El Niño precursors in a high‐resolution version of CCSM3.5. First, using an Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis of all non‐ENSO tropical Pacific variability, we find that the Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) acts as an ENSO trigger 7–9 months prior to large El Niño events in the model, which is consistent with previous model and observational studies. However, because not every PMM event triggers an ENSO event, we also find that PMM appears to be an effective trigger when the western‐to‐central Pacific is preconditioned (i.e., anomalously high sea surface heights or heat content). Second, this study looks at the contribution of western Pacific variability, namely westerly wind bursts (WWBs), as well as all other non‐ENSO variability in the tropical Pacific. We find that the relative importance of low‐frequency climate variability associated with PMM dominates over other non‐ENSO variability between 15°N and 15°S, including high‐frequency atmospheric variability and WWBs, in acting as a precursor to El Niño events.
The Little Human and The Daughter-in-law: Invisibles as Seen Through the Eyes of Different Kinds of People

This chapter focuses on two versions of a single story collected from North-west and North-east Mongolia. The story concerns a daughter-in-law’s relationship with ‘little humans’ (jijig hun) at her in-laws’ house. Although similar in their thematic content, the two stories differ in their endings. In the example from North-west Mongolia, the daughter-in-law successfully rids her in-laws ’house of a little human allowing them to prosper. In the example from North-east Mongolia, the daughter-in-law mistakenly throws a little human into the fire, causing her natal family to perish. At first sight, this divergence could be seen as reflective of the kind of perspectival difference established between a predominantly Buddhist ontology in Western Mongolia and a predominantly shamanist ontology in Eastern Mongolia. But the stories resist being viewed as allegorical texts by which to extract information concerning received ontological differences. Regardless of East/West differences, laypeople across all of Mongolia have varied relationships with aspects of the normally invisible world. We argue that, rather than establish ontological species-specific differentiations, such relations point to shifting scales of different ‘kinds’ of people in Mongolia.
Recent Crustal Deformation in West-Central South America

I use interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) to create maps of crustal deformation along the coast and within the volcanic arc of central South America. I image deformation associated with six subduction zone earthquakes, four volcanic centers, at least one shallow crustal earthquake, and several salt flats. In addition, I constrain the magnitude and location of post-seismic deformation from the afore-mentioned subduction zone earthquakes. I combine InSAR observations with data from the Global Positioning System (GPS) and teleseismic data to explore each source of deformation. I use the observations to constrain earthquake and volcanic processes of this subduction zone, including the plumbing system of the volcanoes and the decadal along strike variations in the subduction zone earthquake cycle. I created interferograms of over 900 volcanoes in the central Andes spanning 1992-2002, and found four areas of deformation. I constrained the temporal variability of the deformation, the depth of the sources of deformation assuming a variety of source geometries and crustal structures, and the possible cause of the deformation. I do not observe deformation associated with eruptions at several volcanoes, and I discuss the possible explanations for this lack of deformation. In addition, I constrain the amount of co-seismic and post-seismic slip on the subduction zone fault interface from the following earthquakes: 1995 Mw 8.1 Antofagasta, Chile; 1996 Mw 7.7 Nazca, Peru; 1998 Mw 7.1 Antofagasta, Chile; and 2001 Mw 8.4 Arequipa, Peru. In northern Chile, I compare the location and magnitude of co-seismic slip from 5 Mw > 7 earthquakes during the past 15 years with the post-seismic slip distribution. There is little post-seismic slip from the 1995 and 1996 earthquakes relative to the 2001 event and other recent subduction zone earthquakes.
A reconsideration of the initial conditions used for stable water isotope models

Many of the “simple models” used to study and explain the global distributions of stable water isotopes assume that the initial isotope content of an air mass can be estimated from local conditions at the oceanic source through the application of a global-scale closure equation. Using a general circulation model fitted with isotope tracer diagnostics, we show that the closure equation is generally invalid at the local scale, leading to a systematic bias in the modeled isotope contents. The quantitative results obtained in earlier simple model studies may need some adjustment in light of this bias, particularly if deuterium excess was used to characterize conditions prevailing at the evaporative source.