Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anti-Aeromonas hydrophila activity and characterisation of novel probiotic strains of Bacillus subtilis isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of giant freshwater prawns.

The antagonistic activity of two Bacillus strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of giant freshwater prawns against Aeromonas hydrophila was evaluated in vitro. The characterisation of the novel probiotic strains of these bacilli was also performed. Bacillus subtilis P33 and 72 were found to have high inhibition activities against the growth of A. hydrophila by two assay methods: paper disc and well diffusion. Probiotic properties, namely acid and bile salt tolerance, autoaggregation, coaggregation, hydrophobicity and adhesion to Caco-2 cells, were further analysed. Survival rates in model gastrointestinal tract condition, viz. pH 2.5 for 3 h and 0.3% bile salt for 24 h, were shown to be more than 95% and 90% respectively. The ability of B. subtilis strains of P33 and P72 to adhere to epithelial cells of the host animal was measured by percentage autoaggregation (35.7 and 42.2%), coaggregation (11.1 and 11.6%), hydrophobicity in n-hexadencane (25.6 and 30.0%), xylene (32.2 and 36.1%), toluene (30.3 and 31.6%), and adhesion to Caco-2 cells (4.21 and 3.23 log cfu/ml respectively). These results indicate that both strains of B. subtilis P33 and P72 can be considered to be good novel probiotic candidates for use in the prawn aquaculture industry.
The Economics of Physician Behavior

Physicians form the core of healthcare markets, with their behavior determining outcomes and costs. My dissertation consists of three chapters that examine the economics of physician behavior. In particular, I examine how the organization of markets, human capital development, and financial incentives influence the treatment decisions that physicians make. In Chapter 1, I examine how the presence of an illegal, secondary market for prescription opioids influences both the prescribing practices of physicians and the equilibrium allocation of these prescriptions. To do so, I develop and estimate a model of physician behavior in the presence of a secondary market with patient search. Estimates demonstrate that cracking down on the secondary market, while useful in controlling the allocation of prescription opioids, will have the unintended consequence of inducing physicians to be even more lenient in their prescribing. In Chapter 2, Janet Currie and I consider the role that education plays in determining a physician’s prescribing habits. Using comprehensive prescription data, we uncover a striking relationship between opioid prescribing and medical school rank. Even within the same specialty and practice location, physicians who completed their initial training at top medical schools write significantly fewer opioid prescriptions than physicians from lower ranked schools. Additional evidence suggests that some of this gradient represents a causal effect of education rather than patient selection across physicians or physician selection across medical schools. Finally, in Chapter 3, Diane Alexander and I examine how the amount a physician is paid influences who they are willing to see. To do so, we exploit large, exogenous changes in Medicaid reimbursement rates to quantify the impact of physician payment on access to treatment and health. We find that increasing Medicaid payments to primary care doctors is associated with improvements in access, better self-reported health, and fewer school days missed among beneficiaries. iii
Molecular characterisation of six badnavirus species associated with leaf streak disease of banana in East Africa

Banana leaf streak disease, caused by several species of Banana streak virus (BSV), is widespread in East Africa. We surveyed for this disease in Uganda and Kenya, and used rolling-circle amplification (RCA) to detect the presence of BSV in banana. Six distinct badnavirus sequences, three from Uganda and three from Kenya, were amplified for which only partial sequences were previously available. The complete genomes were sequenced and characterised. The size and organisation of all six sequences was characteristic of other badnaviruses, including conserved functional domains present in the putative polyprotein encoded by open reading frame (ORF) 3. Based on nucleotide sequence analysis within the reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H-coding region of open reading frame 3, we propose that these sequences be recognised as six new species and be designated as Banana streak UA virus, Banana streak UI virus, Banana streak UL virus, Banana streak UM virus, Banana streak CA virus and Banana streak IM virus. Using PCR and species-specific primers to test for the presence of integrated sequences, we demonstrated that sequences with high similarity to BSIMV only were present in several banana cultivars which had tested negative for episomal BSV sequences.
Systematic revision reveals underestimated diversity of the South African endemic fishfly genus Taeniochauliodes Esben‐Petersen (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)

Taeniochauliodes is the most common and widely distributed fishfly genus in South Africa, with one historically recognized valid species Taeniochauliodes ochraceopennis Esben‐Petersen. The present systematic revision of Taeniochauliodes has found that this genus consists of at least eight species: T. angustus sp.n. , T. attenuatus sp.n. , T. barnardi sp.n. , T. fuscus sp.n. , T. minutus sp.n. , and T. natalensis sp.n. Description of all new species and a redescription of T. esbenpeterseni comb.n. & stat.rev. and T. ochraceopennis are made. These species all have relatively narrowly confined distributions. An interspecific phylogeny of Taeniochauliodes is estimated based on adult morphological data. The historical biogeography of this genus is discussed based on the phylogenetic results and the present distribution of each species, suggesting that the origin of Taeniochauliodes likely dates back to the Late Cretaceous. The earliest branch, which separates T. natalensis sp.n. from the remaining South African species, suggests an early vicariance event occurred between KwaZulu‐Natal and more western parts of South Africa. Furthermore, speciation within Taeniochauliodes is hypothesized to be correlated with fragmentation of its forest habitat during the Plio‐Pleistocene.
Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Anzer Bee Pollen

Seventeen phenolic compounds related to the botanical origins of 13 Anzer pollens from Turkey have been analyzed by RP-HPLC. LOD values of standards were found to be between 0.0192 and 0.1313 mg/L with good linearity (r > 0.9977). The mean content of identified total phenolics ranges from 0.5 mg/100 g pollen to 2.6 mg/100 g pollen. While a common profile of phenolic compounds comprising p-OH benzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin, trans-cinnamic acid, and cis,trans-abscisic acid was detected in all Anzer pollen, catechin was not determined in any of the pollen samples. Furthermore, antioxidant properties of pollens were determined using total phenolic content, FRAP, CUPRAC and DPPH● (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging activity tests. The antioxidant activities showed a marked correlation with total phenolics. Practical Applications Bee-collected pollen is one of the richest and the purest natural food supplements packed by honeybees into granules and subsequently harvested from hives by humans. Bee pollen is composed of nutritionally essential substances such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, mineral substances and trace elements. It also contains considerable amounts of polyphenolic substances, mainly flavonoids, which are regarded as potent antioxidants. Flavonoids can be used to evaluate botanical origin and to set up quality standards for the assessment of nutritional and physiological properties of bee pollen. This paper provides an applicable RP-HPLC method for the determination of 17 phenolic compounds in Anzer pollens and for the investigation of their total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities.
Isolation of high ethanol resistant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Several strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated from different sources. These strains were under taken for ethanol tolerance analysis and growth under stress condition. Exponential phase to various concentrations of ethanol (2–26% v/v) for 1 h was used for isolation of resistant strains. Viable cells were isolated and purified by inoculation of diluted samples on yeast extract peptone agar medium at 30 oC for 24 h. All resistant strains were grown on solid aerobic low peptone medium supplemented with 24% (v/v) ethanol but had variations at growth intensity in this condition. Invertase enzyme activity in yeast isolates was measured and comparing with control samples resistant strains did not show significant difference in the enzyme activity. As resistant strains to ethanol have different content of fatty acids in cell membrane and resistance mechanisms, they can be used in various fields of biotechnology such as ethanol production, recombinant-protein expression, trehalose production and novel drug development.
Effects of dietary level of selenium and grain on digestive metabolism in lambs

The objective was to evaluate the effect of different levels of selenium with two levels of grain corn in the diets on ruminal, postruminal, and total tract digestion of nutrients, ruminal fermentation char - acteristics, and selenium balance in lambs. A split-plot design was used in four periods with repeated Latin square using eight Suffolk × Dorset male lambs with four levels of selenium (sodium selenite, Na 2 SeO 3 ), with- out adding selenium, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mg of selenium/kg dry matter (DM) with 70 and 50% of corn grain in the diet. The four selenium levels affected organic matter as follows: starch, neutral detergent fibre, nitrogen and selenium excretion; selenium ruminal digestion; organic matter, neutral detergent fibre, nitrogen and selenium postruminal digestion; and organic matter, neutral detergent fibre, nitrogen and selenium total tract digestion (P < 0.05). Starch and organic matter flow decreased with 0.6 and 0.9 mg of selenium with the 70% grain diet (P < 0.05). Selenium flow increased linearly with selenium levels (P < 0.01) with both levels of grain. Selenium supplementation increased linearly selenium concentration in ruminal fluid (P < 0.01), but did not affect other ruminal characteristics. Also, selenium absorption and retention was increased by selenium concentrations (P < 0.01). The apparent absorption of selenium increased (31%, P < 0.01) with the 70% grain diet. In conclusion, the high content of nonstructural carbohydrates improved the availability of selenium and 0.9 mg of selenium/kg DM improved the absorption and availability of selenium.
Green Marketing Trek: Drivers, Challenges and Future Directions in Emerging Markets- A Systematic Literature Review

Green marketing is growing in importance as it is tied to the universal goal of sustainable development. Although green marketing is gaining in prominence as a strategic imperative, mixed accounts a bound on its ability to create sustainable competitive advantage. Against this backdrop, this conceptual paper discusses the concept of green marketing, its drivers, challenges and future directions in the context of emerging markets. With the aid of a systematic literature review, this paper discusses market opportunities and challenges, implementation gaps, future directions and misconceptions associated with the adoption and implementation of green marketing. Results of literature review showed that the adoption of green marketing is driven principally by market opportunities, environmental legislation, operating efficiencies and improved profitability. Literature reviewed also notes challenges associated with green marketing implementation such as consumer cynicism, variability in demand of green products and exorbitant investment costs related to green technologies. This paper concludes that successful implementation of green marketing depends on a green vision that meticulously counterbalances the vested interests of key stakeholders in the value chain such as suppliers and customers. Effective green marketing implementation is also contingent on the ability of top management to integrate, coordinate and re-configure corporate competences to achieve green marketing goals. This paper recommends that marketers should resist the green marketing bandwagon but rather focus on understanding implementation imperatives that are preconditions for creation of sustainable competitive advantage. Marketers should also note that green marketing is not a panacea to all marketing challenges as it needs to be supported by sound marketing acumen
Investigation in the effect of using wheat gluten meal on broiler performance.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the nu trition value of wheat gluten meal and its effect on broiler performance. At first, the AMEn, TMEn as well as the nutrient composition of the wheat gluten meal were determine d. Then, five different isocaloric and isonitrogenous rations including 1) Control diet without wheat gluten meal 2) Diet containing 2.5% wheat gluten meal 3) Diet containing 5% wheat gluten meal 4) Diet containing 7.5% wheat gluten meal 5) Diet containing 10% wheat gluten meal were used for 49d in a CRD, with 4 replicates and 20 day-old broiler chicks in each. The results indicated that the weight gain was the highest in the chicks fed with control diet, 2.5% as well as 5% wheat gluten meal(P<0.05). The diet containing 7.5 % wheat gluten meal resulted in the lowest feed consu mption(P<0.05). The best feed conversion ratio was obtained with diets containing 2.5%, 5%, 10 % wheat gluten meal(P<0.05). No significant difference was observe d for mortality rate. In addition to above-mentioned traits, the effe ct of wheat gluten meal on some other traits in broiler performance were determined as follows: The least feed cost per kg of live body weight was caused by diets containing 2.5% and 5% wheat gluten meal(P<0.05). The percentage of breas t weight to carcass weight was the highest in broilers fed with control diet and diets containing 2.5% and 5% wheat gluten meal. The carcass fat percentage turned out to be the highest in broilers fed with diet containing 7.5% wheat gluten meal(P<0.05). However, other traits s uch as thigh percentage, wings percentage and liver weight perce ntage were not statistically influenced by the different diets.
SUPPRESSION OF ROTYLENCHULUS RENIFORMIS BY CROTALARIA JUNCEA , BRASSICA NAPUS , AND TAGETES ERECTA

The effects of Crotalaria juncea , Brassica napus and Tagetes erecta on resistance, allelopathic suppression, and enhancement of nematode antagonists against Rotylenchulus reniformis were examined in a series of greenhouse experiments. Crotalaria juncea and B. napus are poor hosts to R. reniformis as compared to Vigna unguiculata . Tagetes erecta was as good a host for R. reniformis as was Ananas comosus. Crotalaria juncea delayed the development of female nematodes compared to V. unguiculata . Allelopathic effects against R. reniformis were most pronounced in leaf leachate of C. juncea 2 days after incorporation where the viability of the nematode was suppressed to 0.5% as opposed to 60% when the R . reniformis were incubated overnight in leachates of B. napus , T. erecta , A. comosus , sand or distilled water. Amendment with C. juncea was most efficient in enhancing parasitic nematode-trapping fungi, R. reniformis egg-parasitic fungi, vermiform stage parasites, and bacterivorous nematodes compared to B. napus, and T. erecta leaf amendments. Bare soil and 1,3-Dichloropropene treatments suppressed nematode-trapping fungal population densities. Suppression of R. reniformis development on V . unguiculata by these crop amendments was inconclusive due to the short cowpea bioassay period. However, C. juncea amendments enhanced cowpea growth more than did the other soil amendment treatments. Among the crops tested, C. juncea is the most promising cover crop for R. reniformis management.
A new treatment of Pilosella for the Euro-Mediterranean flora

Abstract Bräutigam, S. & Greuter, W. : A new treatment of Pilosella for the Euro-Mediterranean flora [Notulae ad floram euro-mediterraneam pertinentes 24]. — Willdenowia 37:123–137 — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2007 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. doi:10.3372/wi.37. 37106 (available via http://dx.doi.org/) Recognising Pilosella as a genus distinct from Hieracium is justified both from a phylogenetic point of view (a more broadly defined Hieracium, to be monophyletic, would have to include at least two further genera along with Pilosella: Andryala and Hispidella) and for practical considerations. In Hieracium, almost all taxa are apomicts that rarely hybridise, and whenever they do, give rise to new, stable apomictic lines that are customarily given taxonomic recognition as species or subspecies. In Pilosella hybridisation is frequent, gene flow between populations (however defined) is considerable, and the recognition of microtaxa as if they were apomictic lines is unpractical. The classification here proposed rests on a framework of twenty accepted “basic” species (some with subspecies) or species aggregates. Hybrid progenies in which 2-3(-4) of these species or aggregates are believed to have participated are treated as 122 “collective species”, one per known or postulated parental combination. Each of these comprises one recognised species, or sometimes more than one when an included morphotype is stable over a significant, coherent area, or when the offspring of a particular subspecies or microspecies combination deserves recognition. A synopsis of the proposed classification is presented, and required new names and combinations are validated.
First Study about Aquaponic Systems in Albania

There is an increasing demand from the domestic market of Albania and Eastern Europe countries for pesticide-free produce. Since aquaponic systems can produce fish and vegetables intensively throughout the year outdoors in suitable climates or in environmentally controlled greenhouses and land requirements are minimal, systems can be located near urban markets, thereby reducing transportation costs and providing fresh, high quality fish and plants for people living in Albania and other countries of similar climatic conditions.
PENGARUH TEAMWORK DAN BUDAYA KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN YAYASAN TITIAN BUDI LUHUR DI KABUPATEN PARIGI MOUTONG

The study aims to determine and analyze simultaneous influence ofteamwork and work culture on employees’performance at Titian Budi Luhur Foundation in Parigi Moutong District. Method of analysis is quantitative approach with multiple linear regressions. Population and sample involve 49 employees of Titian Budi Luhur foundation in Parigi Moutong District that focus on two business units namely PT. BPR Binartha Luhur and Budi Luhur Saving and Loan Cooperative. The study finds that teamwork and work culturesimultaneously and partially influence employees’ performance in PT. BPR Binartha Luhur and Budi Luhur Saving and Loan Cooperative significantly with R 2 value of 0,583 or58,3 %. This show that independent variables of teamwork and work culture influence the employees’ performance of 58,3% while 41,7% influenced by other variables that are not studied.
L'utilisation de caractères morphologiques dans la diagnose sexuelle des mandibules d'enfants : application à la collection ostéologique de Turin (Italie)

Des caracteres de la tete osseuse et de la mandibule en particulier, ont ete proposes (Loth, Henneberg, 2001a) dont la fiabilite en tant qu’indicateurs du sexe des enfants semblerait valable. Pour cette note, ces caracteres ont ete testes sur une serie de reference, d’âge et de sexe connus, conservee au musee d’Anatomie Humaine de l’Universite de Turin. Les resultats obtenus sont moins performants que ceux proposes par les auteurs de la methode et les caracteristiques biologiques des echantillons testes ne semblent pas etrangers aux variations observees.
Factors affecting susceptibility of farms to crop raiding by African elephants: using a predictive model to mitigate conflict

1. Crop raiding by African elephants Loxodonta africana erodes local tolerance for elephants and thereby impedes conservation efforts, so solutions are urgently required. Within conflict zones, crop raiding is not distributed equally amongst farms, which may be a result of variation in local physical or geographical factors, or in farmers' efforts to defend their fields. Understanding the efficacy of local conflict mitigation methods is important, but few quantitative evaluations exist. 2. Using a comparative survey of raided and non-raided farms in Transmara District, Kenya, and multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses, we explored a range of factors affecting (i) the susceptibility of farms to elephant crop raiding and (ii) the amount of crop damage once elephants had entered a field. 3. The results revealed that farms that had been habitually raided in the past were more likely to be raided during the study period, as were those that were larger and bordered by hedges or fences. Greater guarding effort increased the likelihood that elephants were detected prior to entry and decreased the likelihood of successful crop raiding, as did the use of fire and noise. 4. However, there was an interaction between physical and human factors; larger farms used more advanced barrier methods at the expense of guarding effort. Farmers' efforts did not appear to diminish the damage inflicted once elephants had entered a field. 5. A subsequent experimental test confirmed these results; the application of enhanced early warning and guarding effort on previously raided farms reduced incidents of crop raiding by 89.6% over 2 years in comparison with a control group of farms. 6. Synthesis and applications. These results suggest that early detection of elephants approaching fields, increased guarding effort, and the use of active deterrents could form the basis of an effective mitigation strategy regardless of location and the physical attributes of a farm. Validating the results of predictive models through participatory mitigation trials serves to demonstrate effective solutions to farmers themselves. Researchers and practitioners should be encouraged to replicate such field trials over broader spatial and temporal scales and to find means to encourage farmers to take up appropriate solutions.
Liquid product properties of pyrolyzed bamboo Saw-dusts

Received: 8 August 2018 Accepted: 4 November 2018 Published: 1 October 2018 A pyrolyzer was fabricated for the collection of liquid products from the pyrolysis of untreated bamboo saw dusts fromUPV-Bamboo Enterprise Development Project. Collection and analysis of the liquid productswere performed for two temperature ranges from 490-500C and 550-560C. Based on the generated method from the fabricated pyrolyzer, the yield ranges from 8% to 16%. The analyses included the physicochemical properties of the liquid products such as the pH, viscosity, density, and heating value. For temperature ranges of 490-500C and 550-560C, mean values of pH were 4.47 and 4.30; density values were 1087.37 kg/m and 1066.76 kg/m; viscosity values were 1.32 mm/s and 1.62 mm/s; and heating values were 1.99 MJ/kg and 2.51 MJ/kg respectively. The results showed that there was no signi􀅭icant difference in the pH, viscosity, calori􀅭ic value, and density of the untreated bamboo saw dust with different operating temperatures of the pyrolyzer equipment using a One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) since the p-value of each test were greater than the speci􀅭iedα = 0.05 level of signi􀅭icance.