Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-094: A comparative study of PD-L1 diagnostic assays and the classification of patients as PD-L1 positive and PD-L1 negative

Background: PD-1/PD-L1 directed antibodies are emerging as effective therapeutics in multiple oncology settings. Keynote 001 and Checkmate 057 have shown more frequent response to PD-1 targeted therapies in NSCLC patients with high tumour PD-L1 expression than patients with low or no PD-L1 expression. Multiple diagnostic PD-L1 tests are available using different antibody clones, different staining protocols and diverse scoring algorithms. It is vital to compare these assays to allow appropriate interpretation of clinical outcomes. Such understanding will promote harmonization of PD-L1 testing in clinical practice. Methods: Approximately 500 tumour biopsy samples from NSCLC patients, including squamous and non-squamous histologies, will be assessed using three leading PD-L1 diagnostics assays. PD-L1 assessment by the Ventana SP263 assay that is currently being used in Durvalumab clinical trials (positivity cut off: ≥25% tumour cells with membrane staining) will be compared with the Dako 28-8 assay (used in the Nivolumab Checkmate 057 trial at the 1%, 5% and 10% tumour membrane positivity cut offs), and the Dako 22C3 assay (used in the Pembrolizumab Keynote 001 trial) at the 1% and 50% cut offs). Results: Preliminary data from 81 non-squamous patients indicated good concordance between the Ventana SP263 and Dako 28-8 assays. Optimal overall percent agreement (OPA) was observed between Dako 28-8 at the 10% cut off and the Ventana SP263 assay (OPA; 96%, Positive percent agreement (PPA); 91%, Negative percent agreement (NPA); 98%), where the Ventana SP263 assay was set as the reference. Data on the full cohort will be presented for all three assays, and a lower 95% confidence interval calculated using the Clopper-Pearson method. Conclusions: This study indicates that the patient population defined by Ventana SP263 at the 25% cut off is similar to that identified by the Dako-28-8 assay at the 10% tumour membrane cut off. This, together with data on the 22C3 assay, will enable cross comparison of studies using different PD-L1 tests, and widen options for harmonization of PD-L1 diagnostic testing. Citation Format: Marianne J. Ratcliffe, Alan Sharpe, Anita Midha, Craig Barker, Paul Scorer, Jill Walker. A comparative study of PD-L1 diagnostic assays and the classification of patients as PD-L1 positive and PD-L1 negative. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-094.
Rabies in Ethiopia: Review Article

In Ethiopia, rabies is an important disease that has been recognized for many centuries and it is seen as a public health problem in the country. Fluorescent antibody test is the gold standard diagnostic method in rabies infection. As there is no effective treatment available for the disease, prevention and control of rabies is mainly centered on immunization of all dogs and cats owned by individuals or by the community and destroy ownerless dogs or stray dogs. Early awareness of the community is paramount important. The prevalence rates of rabies were found to be higher soon after dog breeding season. Such an observation indicates that among dogs, transmission of the virus through biting is significant during the breeding season, because there is a high association between dogs during breeding season.Now day canine rabies is a great problem where a number of stray dogs wander around in search of food and come in contact with owned dogs and cats. Generally in the early days rabies was essentially a rural disease in Ethiopia, but latter the disease was introduced to urban when people and their accompanying dogs move to cities and towns. Now a day, the urban rabies is important with fast growing population of dogs as a result of migration of dogs from rural areas attracted by the disposal, butcheries, hotels and abattoirs in the towns.
EFFECT OF LONG-TERM EXERCISE ON WALKING ABILITY IN ELDERLY PEOPLE

In order to clarify the effect of exercise on the walking performance and the muscle volume in lower limbs, elderly athletes long continuing to be trained and untrained elderly were compared with regard to their muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) of m. psoas major, thigh muscle and crus muscle and their walking ability. The subjects used consisted of thirty-six 80's-aged male and 70's-aged female elderly athletes and twenty-four elders having no regular exercise (control male group : CM, control female group : CF). The elderly athletes were further divided into two groups in accordance with their results of Japan Fitness Test (high performance male group : HPM, low performance male group : LPM, high performance female group : HPF, low performance female group : LPF). The walking performance was evaluated by analyzing their walking speed, stride-length and step rate during walking along a 15 m-strip of passage at normal and fast paces using videotaping. The muscle CSA was determined at m. psoas major, thigh muscle (extensors and flexors) and crus muscle (m. tibialis anterior and m. triceps surae) using MRI. As for the walking speed and stride-length at the normal pace, only HPM and HPF showed significantly higher values than CM and CF (male : p<0.05, female : p<0.01). Meanwhile at the faster pace, HPF and LPF showed significantly higher values than CF in female (HPF : p<0.01, LPF : p<0.05) and in the case of males, only HPM have a higher value only of the walking speed than CM (p<0.05). The CSA of m. psoas major in HPM and HPF significantly higher than that in CM and CF (all p<0.05), while in CSAs of knee extensor muscles and m. triceps surae, the statistical differences were not consistent among male and female groups. The results suggested that greater muscle mass of m. psoas major could influence higher walking speed in elderly people, and might be affected by regular exercise training. (Jpn. J. Phys. Fitness Sports Med. 2001,50:149•`158) key word : elderly athlete, psoas major, walking ability
Disclosure of adverse outcomes in medicine: A questionnaire study on voice intention and behaviour of physicians in Germany, Japan and the USA

This study contributes to a better understanding of the determinants of voice expressed by physicians in different cultural settings. Voice, captured as disclosure of adverse outcomes and medical errors, is regarded as important for the reduction of the high rate of adverse events in medicine as compared to other high-risk professions. Within a cross-sectional, cross-cultural questionnaire study we explored the impact of selected individual, situational and organisational determinants for disclosure intention, and the behaviour of 251 physicians at three university hospitals in Germany, Japan and the USA. We found disclosure intention to be the lowest in Japan, while no cross-cultural differences existed for disclosure behaviour. Logistic regression analyses showed that culture moderated the effect of disclosure intention on behaviour. Only in Japan was disclosure behaviour a function of the level of disclosure intention. A written mistake disclosure policy encouraged voice behaviour, while internal attribution of medical errors and paternalism discouraged it.
Family Planning Perceptions and Sustainable Development in Nigeria

There have been concerns on the galloping population growth and its effects on human beings. The world’s population is increasing with significant social and economic implications at the individual, family, and societal levels. Family planning seems to be the potent cornerstone of a worldwide strategy to slow down population growth. However, in developing countries, the perception of the core population is not clear considering the hyper fertility rate in these countries. This study, a household survey, sampled 424 married women, and conducted five in-depth interviews, to examine the relationship between family planning methods and high fertility rate among married women in Nigeria. Health Belief Model was used to explain factors that influenced the perceptions of married women about family planning. Data collected were analysed using percentages for univariate analysis and chi square to test relationships between the variables. The results revealed that 95.5% of the respondents had heard about family planning while 53.3% stated that they had never used it. A greater percentage of them admitted that they refused to adopt family planning for fear of side effects. About 51% of them stated that money was a barrier to the adoption of family planning while 35% of the respondents claimed that their religion did not support it. Linear regression results revealed that significant relationships existed between family perceptions (p< 0.013), and sustainable development variables. Family planning was seen as an important preventive measure against infant and maternal mortality. The study concluded that culture, socio-economic factors and poor knowledge about family planning were major determinants of perceptions about family planning, and its utilisation. The study recommended increased family planning talks during clinical meetings with mothers, and empowerment of women in decision making about family planning within households.
Carcinosarcoma of the Uterus- retrospective review

Poster: "RANZCR ASM 2013 / R-0184 / Carcinosarcoma of the Uterus- retrospective review" by: "G. Govindarajulu1, K. Kerr2, A. Capp1, P. O'Brien1; 1Waratah/AU, 2Newcastle/AU"
Immuno-effect of Serum and Nasal Antibody against Experimental Inoculation with Influenza A-Equi-2 Virus

Thirty-four horses were inoculated intranasally with influenza A-Equi-2 virus to establish a useful guide of vaccine for protective efficacy on horses. Determination of infection was evaluated only serologically by a significant rise in hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody two weeks after virus inoculation. The following results were obtained. Twenty-two horses with a serum HI titer of less than 1:32 were all susceptible to infection. Four of five horses with a serum HI titer of 1:64 and seven horses with a serum HI titer of 1:128 or more were resistant to infection , judging from serological findings. A serum HI titer of 1:128 or more was thought to be an efficient indicator for vaccination on equine influenza. In this study, the 50% protective dose (PD50) was expressed as a serum HI titer of approximately 1:54. Detectable nasal antibody was presumed to play an important role against infection . It was impossible, however, to indicate the level of nasal secretory antibody as clearly as that of serum antibody.
Self-aSSeSSed oral health of elderly uSing complete dentureS

Introduction: with the increase on population longevity and the potential relationship between age and teeth loss, there is a rising need for teeth replacement with complete dentures. The impact of dentures using on older adults oral health is of great importance for general health. Aim: the objective of this study was to evaluate self-assessed oral health of older adults using complete dentures. Methods: the instrument used for this evaluation was GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index) questionnaire, containing 11 specific questions of physical and psychological aspects (such as eating comfort, pain, troubles in biting, chewing or swallowing foods, talking issues, limitation is social contacts, oral health care, self-esteem, appearance). Complete dentures were evaluated according to Nevalainen index, including retention, stability, vertical dimension, articulation and occlusion aspects. Sixty participants (n=60) agreed in participating on the study, from Department of Attention to Older Adults. Results: mean GOHAI score was 25, meaning a low self-perceived oral health. Oral heath was reported as unsatisfactory, despite the quality or time in use of complete dentures or the age the person had when start using dentures. Conclusion: we conclude that GOHAI scores were not affected by dentures stability and retention.
MUTU PENDIDIKAN DAN PEMERATAAN PENDIDIKAN DI DAERAH

All countries in the world realize the importance of education that aims to provide guidance for the survival of a nation. Four things that become a major focal point in improving the education, the distribution of education, quality of education, educational relevance, and efficiency of education management. Increased done should be done thoroughly, not one by one, and other aspects are ignored . However, education quality and equity of education in Indonesia is still lagging behind other countries. One sat improve the quality of education conducted by the State of Indonesia is to set the standard national examination, but still problematic. Then Equitable Education conducted also been a problem with unequal education kualutas in each area. It is necessary to improve education quality and equity of education in Indonesia. It is necessary steps to address the education problem, namely by directed at improving the quality of education in various aspects, and improving education performed evenly in each area.
Design Evaluation And Translation Of Nursing Interventions

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ABO Rh (D) blood group distribution among whole blood donors at two different setups of tertiary care hospitals in North India

Background: The antigens for ABO blood group system are of paramount significance in transfusion medicine as they are the most immunogenic of all the blood group antigens known, followed closely by D antigen of rhesus blood group system. The ABO blood group system has been used in resolving many medico-legal issues related to paternity, by investigators in forensic science or in population studies by anthropologists. ABO-Rh D blood grouping is the commonest test done in blood banking and forms the mainstay of pretransfusion testing and any ABO-incompatible blood transfusion can be associated with acute intravascular hemolysis, renal failure, and even death. Methods: A retrospective study for ABO RhD blood group distribution was carried out on whole blood donors who successfully donated at two different blood centres, hospital I at New Delhi for a period of one year from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2012 and hospital II at Dehradun from January 1, 2013 to 31 December, 2015. Results: It was observed that the frequencies (%) of blood group A, B, O and AB for hospital I and II were A =22.6, 23.4; B=37.8, 35.6; O=29.5, 29.5 and AB=10.1, 11.4 respectively. And at both the centers, Rh D positivity was observed as 94.5% and Rh D negativity as 5.5%. Conclusions: It is advisable to determine the distribution of ABO and Rh D phenotypes among blood donors in each blood centre so as to stock adequate number of respective blood group units and provide timely and adequate blood supply to the needy recipient even in the wee hours.
Biochemical Alteration Induced After Intramuscular Administration of Long Acting Moxifloxacin in Sheep

The present study was conducted with objective to study biochemical alterations induced after single intramuscular administration of long acting moxifloxacin at the dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg body weight in six healthy male sheep. After deep intramuscular injection of moxifloxacin, blood samples in collected K3EDTA at 0, 6, 12 hour and 2, 3,4, 5,6,7th day after treatment were analyzed for biochemical Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (AKP), Acid Phosphatase (ACP), plasma creatinine, plasma Creatine kinase-MB, Blood glucose and Total bilirubin) analysis. The results of the study clearly demonstrated that single intramuscular administration of long acting moxifloxacin in sheep at 7.5 mg/kg body weight did not cause any significant change in values of biochemical parameters in sheep with total absent of clinical signs of adverse reactions or toxicity.
A comparison of antiseptic and disinfectant activity versus slime-positive and slime-negative coagulase-negative staphylococci

Etude de la sensibilite de souches hospitalieres de staphylocoques coagulase negatifs vis-a-vis d'antiseptiques et de desinfectants. Les souches utilisees sont secretrices de mucus ou non. Il apparait que les souches produisant une secretion possederaient un avantage selectif en milieu hospitalier
The contribution of oxidative stress in the protein damage and DNA lesion in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology

Glutathione (GSH) plays an essential role in the intracellular antioxidant defense against the oxidant radicals, especially the -OH radical. To understand the early and progressive cellular changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) development, we investigated reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) status in a double mutated AD transgenic mouse model (B6.Cg-Tg), which carries Swedish amyloid precursor protein mutation (APPswe) and exon 9 deletion of the PSEN1 gene. Likewise, S-glutathionylation (Pr-SSG) is a specific post-translational modification (PTM) of cysteine residues by the addition of glutathione. S-glutathiony 1 ated proteins induced by oxidative stress play an essential role in understanding the pathogenesis of the aging and age related disorder. In addition, 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is one of the major forms of DNA oxidative damage, and is commonly analyzed as an excellent marker of DNA lesions. The purpose of this research was to develop a sensitive method to accurately and rapidly quantify the 8-OHdG by using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF). The method involved the use of specific antibody to detect DNA lesions (8-OHdG) and consecutive fluorescence labeling. Here, we quantified and compared both GSH/GSSG and mixed-disulfide (PrSSG) levels in blood samples and three anatomic positions in the brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus) at 3 age stages (1-, 5-, and 11-month-old) of AD transgenic (Tg)/wild type (WT) mice. The study was designed to characterize and
Medicinal plants used by the tribals of Tirunelveli hills, Tamil Nadu to treat poisonous bites and skin diseases

An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among the ethnic groups (Kani or Kanikaran) in southern western Ghats of India. Traditional uses of 28 plant species belonging to 21 families are described under this study. These tribals are using 14 plants to cure skin diseases and 15 plants to treat poisonous bites. The medicinal plants used by Kani tribes are arranged alphabetically followed by family name, local name, parts used, mode of preparation and medicinal uses.
Staged partial hepatectomy versus transarterial chemoembolization for the treatment of spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma rupture: a multicenter analysis in Korea

Purpose The aim of this study was to identify the prognostic factors and compare the long-term outcomes of staged hepatectomy and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for patients with spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods This study is a multicenter, retrospective analysis of patients with newly diagnosed ruptured HCC. To compare overall survival between staged hepatectomy group and TACE alone group, we performed propensity score-matching to adjust for significant differences in patient characteristics. To identify prognostic factors, the clinical characteristics at the time of diagnosis of tumor rupture were investigated using Cox-regression analysis. Results From 2000 to 2014, 172 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed ruptured HCC were treated in 6 Korean centers. One hundred seventeen patients with Child-Pugh class A disease were identified; of which 112 were initially treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hemostasis and five underwent emergency surgery for bleeder ligation. Of the 112 patients treated with TAE, 44 underwent staged hepatectomy, 61 received TACE alone, and 7 received conservative treatment after TAE. Those that underwent staged hepatectomy had significantly higher overall survival than those that underwent TACE alone before matching (P < 0.001) and after propensity score-matching (P = 0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that type of treatment, presence of portal vein thrombosis, pretreatment transfusion >1,200 mL, and tumor size >5 cm were associated with poor overall survival. Conclusion Staged hepatectomy may offer better long-term survival than TACE alone for spontaneous rupture of HCC. Staged hepatectomy should be considered in spontaneous rupture of HCC with resectable tumor and preserved liver function.
Analysis of protective cellular immune responses against hepatitis C virus.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of liver damage, with virusinduced end-stage disease such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma resulting in a high rate of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is now considerable evidence that CD4+ T cell responses to HCV play an important role in the outcome of infection. However, the functional status of HCV-specific CD4+ve T cells in persistent infection is poorly understood and it may be necessary to use a variety of techniques in their detection and analysis. The aim of my thesis is to determine aspects of cellular immunity that are associated with viral control, here mainly focusing on CD4+ T cell responses. The first data chapter (chapter 3) gives an analysis of RlBA-indeterminate blood donors negative for HCV-PCR in whom HCV-specific T cell responses were identified, typically focused on core-derived peptides, suggesting previous exposure to HCV. I next analyse the cytokine secretion patterns in chronically HCV-infected patients and compare them with those with resolved infection (chapter 4). Using overlapping peptides, I have been able to identify HCV-specific CD4+ T cells in persistent infection that recognise the mainly conserved core region. These cells characteristically produce IFN-y but not IL-2 (IFN-y+/IL-2'). In the next chapter (chapter 5) I show that these cells have lost their ability to proliferate (IFN-y+/IL-2" /proliferation10). i In the final data chapter (chapter 6), I studied the T cell responses in a cohort of seven individuals with antibody-deficiency (CVID), who received early interferon therapy after HCV infection through contaminated y-globulin. Even in the absence of antibody responses, substantial HCV-specific T cell responses could be recovered. The implications of my findings are discussed at the end of each data chapter. A general discussion of the overall findings and future work that may evolve from this work is outlined in chapter 7. Here, I also give some preliminary data on a cohort of acutely HCV-infected individuals with and without HIV infection, showing that HCV-specific CD4+ T cell responses in acute HCV are significantly reduced in coinfection when compared with HCV mono-infection. Overall the data in this thesis provide novel insights into the immune status in specific patient groups, and the functional status of HCV-specific CD4+ T cells in persistent infection.