Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Lactational Performance in Dairy Cows Supplemented with Methionine or Rumen-Protected Choline During the Transition Period

The current study was aimed to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with rumen-protected choline and methionine on dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition and body condition score of transition cows. In this study, 32 Holstein dairy cows which made one parturition at least was used as the animal material. The cows were randomly assigned to four groups according to lactation number, previous lactation milk yield and body condition score before close-up. Cows within each group was fed a basal control (CON) diet (n=8). Cows in treatment group methionine (MET, n=8) were supplemented with 42 g/d of methionine (MetasmartR). Cows in treatment group choline (CHOL, n=8) were supplemented with 75 g/d of rumen protected choline (RPC) source (CholiPEARLTM). Cows in treatment group Mix (MIX, n=8) were supplemented with 75 g/d RPC and 42 g/d methionine. Milk yields and dry matter intakes were determined during the trial as daily. At the results of analyses that were detected; milk yield and composition the highest level in MET group (P<0.028). In conclusion of this study that was determined; the supplementation of methionine to the rations of dairy cows affected milk yield and composition positively.
Non-Hermitian systems and topology: A transfer-matrix perspective

Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians---proposed to describe dissipative systems where the particles have a finite lifetime---exhibit many puzzling properties, strongly contrasting their Hermitian counterparts. In particular, their spectra exhibit extreme sensitivity to boundary conditions and a piling up of all states at the boundary, signalling a breakdown of the conventional bulk-boundary correspondence. The authors study these systems using transfer matrices, whereby they can explain as well as predict the aforementioned features without resorting to numerical computations. This analytical approach allows for a deeper understanding of the topological properties of non-Hermitian systems.
The x-ray telescope of CAST

The CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) has been in operation and taking data since 2003. The main objective of the CAST experiment is to search for a hypothetical pseudoscalar boson, the axion, which might be produced in the core of the sun. The basic physics process CAST is based on is the time inverted Primakoff effect, by which an axion can be converted into a detectable photon in an external electromagnetic field. The resulting x-ray photons are expected to be thermally distributed between 1 and 7 keV. The most sensitive detector system of CAST is a pn-CCD detector combined with a Wolter I type x-ray mirror system. With the x-ray telescope of CAST a background reduction of more than 2 orders of magnitude is achieved, such that for the first time the axion photon coupling constant gaγγ can be probed beyond the best astrophysical constraints gaγγ < 1 × 10−10 GeV−1.
Instructions for use Title Changes in Phlebotomine Sand Fly Species Composition Following Insecticide Thermal Fogging in a Rural Setting ofWestern Panamá

American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, ACL, is a zoonotic disease with a large richness of co-occurring vector species in transmission foci. Here, we describe changes in patterns of phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) species composition at the village of Trinidad de Las Minas, Capira, Panamá, a hyperendemic focus of ACL transmission, subjected to a vector control intervention with insecticide thermal fogging (ITF). Our study setting consisted of 24 houses, 12 subjected to two rounds of ITF and 12 kept as control. During 15 months (April 2010– June 2011) we monitored sand fly species composition and abundance with modified HP light traps inside (domicile) and outside (peridomicile) the studied houses. From 5628 sand flies collected, we were able to identify 5617 of the samples into 24 species, a number of species close to 2561.6, the estimate from the Chao2 Index. The most abundant species were Lutzomya trapidoi (20%), Lu. gomezi (20%) and Lu. triramula (20%). Cluster analyses showed that most of the 24 houses had high similarity in relative abundance patterns of the six most common species, with only few peripheral houses not following the main cluster pattern. We also found that species richness was decreased to 22 species in the fogged houses, of which only 19 were found in the domiciliary environment. Changes in species richness were especially notorious at the end of the wet season. Our results suggest that species richness can decrease following ITF in domiciliary environments, primarily affecting the less common species. Citation: Calzada JE, Saldaña A, Rigg C, Valderrama A, Romero L, et al. (2013) Changes in Phlebotomine Sand Fly Species Composition Following Insecticide Thermal Fogging in a Rural Setting of Western Panamá. PLoS ONE 8(1): e53289. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0053289 Editor: Emma H. Wilson, University of California, Riverside, United States of America Received August 28, 2012; Accepted November 29, 2012; Published January 9, 2013 Copyright: 2013 Calzada et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work received financial support from SENACYT grant CCP06-040, Netropica grant 04-N-2010, Nagasaki University Cooperative Grant and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exist. * E-mail: lchaves@ees.hokudai. ac.jp
O C ] 1 4 M ar 2 01 8 Linear Quadratic Optimal Control and Stabilization for Discrete-time Markov Jump Linear Systems

This paper mainly investigates the optimal control and stabilization problems for linear discrete-time Markov jump systems. The general case for the finite-horizon optimal controller is considered, where the input weighting matrix in the performance index is just required to be positive semi-definite. The necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the optimal controller in finite-horizon is given explicitly from a set of coupled difference Riccati equations (CDRE). One of the key techniques is to solve the forward and backward stochastic difference equation (FDSDE) which is obtained by the maximum principle. As to the infinite-horizon case, we establish the necessary and sufficient condition to stabilize the Markov jump linear system in the mean square sense. It is shown that the Markov jump linear system is stabilizable under the optimal controller if and only if the associated couple algebraic Riccati equation (CARE) has a unique positive solution. Meanwhile, the optimal controller and optimal cost function in infinite-horizon case are expressed explicitly.
CCD QE in the Soft X-ray Range

e2v has previously provided back-illuminated CCDs for several solar observation projects, resulting in a number of key articles on CCD QE in the soft X-ray region. To update these, e2v has arranged for tests on X-ray optimised EMCCDs at a synchrotron. These have shown QE of at least 45% from 40 eV to 2000 eV, with Enhanced process devices having significantly higher QE than Basic process. The measured values were similar to data published from the SDO SXI mission, showing that the e2v process has been stable over many years. The soft X-ray QE measurements show a reasonable fit to the simple layer model for energies > 600 eV. For energies < 100 eV, measurements show slightly lower QE than the model prediction for both Basic and Enhanced processes. For energies 100 eV to 600 eV, measurements show a reasonable fit to the model for the Basic process, but less improvement from the Enhanced process than the model predicts. Comparing the ~80% typical QE for UV-optimised CCDs at 385 nm with the 45% QE measured at 120 eV in this study, there is a discrepancy in QE for two photon energies with the same absorption length measured on CCDs from the same back-thinning process (one type with AR coating, one type without).
Understanding Latent Group Structure of Cryptocurrencies Market: A Dynamic Network Perspective

In this paper, we study the latent group structure in cryptocurrencies market by forming a dynamic return inferred network with coin attributions. We develop a dynamic covariate-assisted spectral clustering method to detect the communities in dynamic network framework and prove its uniform consistency along the horizons. Applying our new method, we show the return inferred network structure and coin attributions, including algorithm and proof types, jointly determine the market segmentation. Based on the network model, we propose a novel \hard-to-value" measure using the centrality scores. Further analysis reveals that the group with a lower centrality score exhibits stronger short-term return reversals. Cross-sectional return predictability further conrms the economic meanings of our grouping results and reveal important portfolio management implications.
Associations Between Forkhead Box L 2 Expression and Ovary Development in Laying Hens

Make sure healthy ovary or follicle is critical for extending egg laying performance in poultry. Transcription factor forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) gene have key role in regulate development of ovary. In the present research, different aged Hy-line Brown hens were maintained to explore relationships between ovarian developing and FOXL2 expression. Through histological observation, different quantities of follicles from various phases of age were observed. It was displayed that FOXL2 expression and number mature follicle were increased as the days of age increased and then decreased. In comparison, the expression of FOXL2 in hypothalamus and eyelid were remained in a relative stable level. Taken together, these data in our research establish a framework for understanding the potential functions of FOXL2 in regulate chicken ovarian developing and may provide a new perspective on the theory and practice to increase egg production or others.
An application of machine learning techniques to galaxy cluster mass estimation using the MACSIS simulations

Machine learning (ML) techniques, in particular supervised regression algorithms, are a promising new way to use multiple observables to predict a cluster's mass or other key features. To investigate this approach we use the \textsc{MACSIS} sample of simulated hydrodynamical galaxy clusters to train a variety of ML models, mimicking different datasets. We find that compared to predicting the cluster mass from the $\sigma -M$ relation, the scatter in the predicted-to-true mass ratio is reduced by a factor of 4, from $0.130\pm0.004$ dex (${\simeq} 35$ per cent) to $0.031 \pm 0.001$ dex (${\simeq} 7$ per cent) when using the same, interloper contaminated, spectroscopic galaxy sample. Interestingly, omitting line-of-sight galaxy velocities from the training set has no effect on the scatter when the galaxies are taken from within $r_{200c}$. We also train ML models to reproduce estimated masses derived from mock X-ray and weak lensing analyses. While the weak lensing masses can be recovered with a similar scatter to that when training on the true mass, the hydrostatic mass suffers from significantly higher scatter of ${\simeq} 0.13$ dex (${\simeq} 35$ per cent). Training models using dark matter only simulations does not significantly increase the scatter in predicted cluster mass compared to training on simulated clusters with hydrodynamics. In summary, we find ML techniques to offer a powerful method to predict masses for large samples of clusters, a vital requirement for cosmological analysis with future surveys.
Eastern Meadowlark, Sturnella magna

SPECIES DESCRIPTION: The Eastern Meadowlark is a ground-nesting passerine of grasslands, pastures and hayfields. The species breeds throughout the eastern United States, Canada’s Maritime Provinces, the desert Southwest, and nearly continuously south to Panama. Individuals breeding in the northern limits of the range are short-distance migrants, often congregating in small flocks and moving south to areas free of snow. The Eastern Meadowlark, like many other birds associated with grasslands, has seen its population fluctuate widely in response to trends in agricultural practices.
Atretic Ovarian Follicles Morphology and Immunolocalization of Active Caspase-3 in Algerian Bedouin Goat (Capra hircus) Ovaries

This study aims to highlight the cellular and molecular events of atresia in the Bedouin goat ovarian follicles. Ovaries collected from slaughterhouses during breeding and non-breeding seasons were submitted to morphological studies and immunolocalization of active caspase-3. The results showed that ovaries were heavier (P<0.05) during the breeding season. The atresia occurred at all stages of follicular development in breeding and non-breeding seasons. At the preantral stage, degeneration affected primarily oocyte and active caspase-3 immunoreactivity was detected in the oocyte with a few staining in follicular cells. At the antral stage, atresia affected in first the granulosa layer cells which were characterized by an abnormal indentation of nuclei and positive active caspase-3 immunolabeling. At the early stage of atresia, the granulosa cells exhibited a few pycnotic nuclei and lost their cellular integrity, by getting scattered; these cells were positive to active caspase-3. At the late stage, the scattered cells invaded the antral cavity and the dead cells were eliminated by phagocytic cells. The oocyte seemed to undertake a long process of atresia via an autophagic pathway and it was the last to die. Finally, the follicle was replaced by a collagen fiber forming a scar of atresia. In conclusion, important morphological changes occurred in atretic follicles mainly in antral stage by apoptosis via caspase-3 signaling pathway, in breeding and non-breeding seasons.
Dynamics of end-pulled polymer translocation through a nanopore

We consider the translocation dynamics of a polymer chain forced through a nanopore by an external force on its head monomer on the trans side. For a proper theoretical treatment we generalize the iso-flux tension propagation (IFTP) theory to include friction arising from the trans side subchain. The theory reveals a complicated scenario of multiple scaling regimes depending on the configurations of the cis and the trans side subchains. In the limit of high driving forces f such that the trans subchain is strongly stretched, the theory is in excellent agreement with molecular dynamics simulations and allows an exact analytic solution for the scaling of the translocation time τ as a function of the chain length N0 and f. In this regime the asymptotic scaling exponents for are , and . The theory reveals significant correction-to-scaling terms arising from the cis side subchain and pore friction, which lead to a very slow approach to from below as a function of increasing N0.
The Euclidean Criterion for Irreducibles

Abstract We recast Euclid's proof of the infinitude of prime numbers as a Euclidean criterion for a domain to have infinitely many atoms. We make connections with Furstenberg's “topological“ proof of the infinitude of prime numbers and show that our criterion applies even in certain domains in which not all nonzero nonunits factor into products of irreducibles.
Macroprudential Policy and Income Inequality

Based on newly available data, we examine the relationship between macroprudential policies (MaPs) and the Gini coefficient of both market income inequality, i.e. the Gini coefficient of income inequality before redistributive policies, and net income inequality, i.e. inequality after redistribution. We run panel regressions for 69 countries over the period 2000 to 2013. Our results show a positive association of the use of some MaPs with both market and net income inequality. In particular, we find that concentration limits, macroprudential reserve requirements and interbank exposure limits have a positive relationship with market income inequality, while loan-to-value (LTV) limits have a positive association with net inequality. The results for other measures are relatively sensitive to specification.
Population density on cowpea cultivars with different growth habits in the Matopiba Region.

The aim of this study was to assess the productive performance of cowpea cultivars with different growth habits as a function of population density in the MATOPIBA region, Brazil. The experiments were carried out in Magalhaes de Almeida, MA in the agricultural season 2014/2015. The cultivars BRS Itaim, BRS Tumucumaque, and BRS Pajeu, which present an erect, semi-erect, and semi-prostrate growth habits, respectively, were assessed.
Long-term outcomes of the WEGENT trial on remission-maintenance for granulomatosis with polyangiitis or microscopic polyangiitis

Objective. The WEGENT trial and other short-term studies suggested that azathioprine or methotrexate could effectively maintain granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) remission. Whether differences in relapse or adverse event rates would appear after discontinuation of those 2 maintenance regimens and longer follow-up remains unknown. Methods. Long-term outcomes for the patients enrolled in the WEGENT trial were analyzed according to their randomization group. Parameters at trial entry were evaluated as potential prognostic factors for death, relapse or damage in multivariate models. Results. Data were returned for 88.8% of the 126 original participants. Median [95% confidence interval] followup was 11.9 [11.3‒12.5] years. For the azathioprine and methotrexate arms, respectively, the 10-year overall survival rates were 75.1% [64.8–86.9] and 79.9% [70.3–90.8] ( P = 0.56), and relapse-free survival rates 26.3% [17.3–40.1] and 33.5% [23.5–47.7] ( P = 0.29). No between-arm differences were observed for relapse, adverse events, damage, survival rates without severe side effects and survival rates without relapse and severe side effects. Considering only the 97 GPA patients, no between-arm survival differences were observed. Relapse-free survival was shorter for GPA than MPA patients but the multivariate analysis retained anti-PR3–ANCA-positivity, and not GPA, as being independently associated with relapse. Conclusion. This long-term analysis confirms that azathioprine and methotrexate are comparable options for maintaining GPA or MPA remission. Despite good overall survival, relapses, adverse events and damage remain matters of concern and further studies are needed to reduce them.
Factors Affecting Quality Of Life in Patients with Hallux Valgus

1 Department of Nursing, Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan 2 Department of Orthopedics, Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan. 1 Department of Nursing, Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung County, Taiwan. 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung County, Taiwan. 3 Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung County, Taiwan. 4 *Professor, Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung County,Taiwan.
Hidden Protectionism: Non-Tariff Barriers and Implications for International Trade

Die globale Finanzkrise und die daraus resultierende Weltwirtschaftskrise 2008-2009 loste eine Debatte uber den zunehmenden Protektionismus aus. Weltweit gerieten Politiker und Entscheidungstrager zunehmend unter Druck, heimische Industrien zu schutzen. Die Moglichkeiten zur Erhohung von Einfuhrzollen sind im Rahmen der WTO-Vorschriften grundsatzlich begrenzt. Diese Studie untersucht, ob die letztgenannten Entwicklungen zu einer zunehmenden Nutzung nicht tarifarer Barrieren als protektionistische Instrumente gefuhrt haben konnten. Die Studie nutzt das Niveau des verborgenen Protektionismus fur die Jahre ab 2009. Es basiert auf einer kurzlich aktualisierten Version der Global Trade Alert Datenbank.
Mir 363-3 p attenuates post-stroke depressive-like behaviors in middle-aged female rats

Women are more likely to develop Post Stroke Depression (PSD) than men and generally do not respond well to anti-depressants with age. This study investigated the effect of microRNA mir363-3p treatment on PSD using a physiologically-relevant animal model. Our previous work showed that mir363-3p treatment, delivered poststroke, effectively reduces infarct volume in the acute phase of stroke in middle-aged females but not males. Middle-aged female Sprague Dawley rats were tested for baseline sensory motor function and depressive-like behaviors, and then subjected to ischemic stroke via middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) or sham surgery. Animals received either control oligos (MCAo+scrambled, Sham+scrambled) or mir363-3p (MCAo+mir3633p, Sham+mir363-3p) treatment 4 h later. Sensory motor function and depressive-like behaviors were reassessed up to 100 d after stroke, and circulating levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) were quantified at regular intervals. Prior to termination, Fluorogold was injected into the striatum to assess meso-striatal projections. MCAo+scrambled animals had impaired sensorimotor performance in the acute phase (5 days) of stroke and developed anhedonia, decreased sociability and increased helplessness in the chronic phase. MCAo+mir363-3p animals showed significantly less sensory motor impairment and fewer depressive-like behaviors. IL-6 and TNF-alpha were elevated transiently at 4 weeks after MCAo in both groups. BDNF levels decreased progressively after stroke in the MCAo+scrambled group, and this was attenuated in the mir363-3p group. The number of retrogradely-labeled SNc and VTA cells was reduced in the ischemic hemisphere of the MCAo+scrambled group. In contrast, there was no interhemispheric difference in the number of retrogradely-labeled SNc and VTA cells of MCAo+mir363-3p treated animals. Our results support a therapeutic role for mir363-3p for long-term stroke disability.
Formal Proof and Analysis of an Incremental Cycle Detection Algorithm

We study a state-of-the-art incremental cycle detection algorithm due to Bender, Fineman, Gilbert, and Tarjan. We propose a simple change that allows the algorithm to be regarded as genuinely online. Then, we exploit Separation Logic with Time Credits to simultaneously verify the correctness and the worst-case amortized asymptotic complexity of the modified algorithm.
New European Wind Atlas: The Østerild balconies experiment

One of the main objectives of the New European Wind Atlas (NEWA) project is to carry out large scale field experiments at a high spatial and temporal resolution, and provide a significant upgrade to the experimental databases currently available. The Østerild balconies experiment aimed at collecting measurements over a relatively flat and semi-forested terrain to quantify the effect of various terrain features on the mean wind field. The experiment was performed at the Østerild test station for large wind turbines in Northern Denmark, from April to August 2016. The two 250 m meteorological towers available at the test site were equipped with balconies, first at 50 m above local ground level, later raised to 200 m. Scanning lidars were placed on each of the balconies, performing horizontal scans over 90° arcs with an east or west orientation depending on the incoming wind direction. The purpose of this study is to describe i) the new filtering method applied to the data, ii) the wind field reconstruction and the iii) utilisation of the derived wind fields to examine the imprint of surface heterogeneity on the mean wind flow. Cloud point data from aerial lidar scans were used to accurately derive the terrain and tree height. The mean wind flow patterns appeared to be heavily influenced by the terrain characteristics at the height of 50 m above ground level.