Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A numerical simulation of Hurricane Bret on 22–23 August 1999 initialized with airborne Doppler radar and dropsonde data

This study concerns the simulation of Hurricane Bret on 22–23 August 1999 with the MésoNH nonhydrostatic, two‐way interactive, quadruple‐nested grid mesoscale model. A 30 h integration, from 0000 UTC 22 August to 0600 UTC 23 August, covers the period of maximum intensity over the Gulf of Mexico and landfall over Texas. Special attention is paid to the initial conditions from which the model is integrated. A balanced vortex, derived from airborne Doppler radar data, is used to replace the ill‐defined cyclone in the large‐scale analysis. In addition, the analysed humidity field over the Gulf of Mexico is modified in accordance with specific dropsonde observations.
Qualification of a chemotherapy-compounding robot

KIRO® Oncology (Kiro Grifols, Spain) is a robotic system for automated compounding of sterile injectable drugs including intravenous cytotoxic treatments. The present article describes the qualification procedure applied prior to production phases. Peristaltic pumps which ensure the reconstitution of drugs were tested with water and NaCl 0.9%. The performance of the robot (accuracy and precision) to prepare bags, syringes and elastomeric pumps was evaluated with three placebo solutions (aqueous, foaming and viscous) using gravimetric controls. Microbiological controls were also performed. The pumps met the requirements set for volumes ranging from 5 to 100 mL. A total of 274 preparations was compounded. For the bags, the filling accuracy was within the limit of ±10% from 1 to 48 mL with aqueous solution, from 0.6 to 48 mL with foaming solution and from 5 to 48 mL with viscous solution. For all syringes and elastomeric pumps, it was within the limit of ±10%. The precision was validated for all preparations, except for bags and syringes prepared with 0.6 and 0.25 mL, respectively. The samples of surfaces and air complied with ISO 5 class environment. Among the 24 gloves tests performed, two presented microbiological growth. All Media fill tests were validated. The qualification procedure led us to exclude injections of any active principle volume strictly lower than 1 mL. The microbiological contamination of operators' gloves remains a critical point. Our operators will be made aware of the issue during the training period.
Observational Constraints on Cardassian Expansion

In this work, we have studied the observational constraints on the Cardassian model for dark energy. We have compared the model with existing supernova data. The dependence of the locations of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) peaks on the parameters of the model have also been studied. We find, in particular, that observational data from Archeops for the location of the first peak and BOOMERANG for the location of the third peak, together with the supernova data, significantly constrain the parameter space.
Numerical Considerations in Simulating a Turbulent Suspension of Finite-Volume Particles

Direct numerical simulation of a dilute suspension offinite-volumespheres requires computation of the time-varying fluid field and updating the particle momenta and positions, taking into account the effects due to particle? particle collisions. Collision calculations are inherently an orderN2poperation, whereNpis the number of particles in the system. Typical simulations contain 105? 106particles making the brute force computation of collisions prohibitively expensive. An alternative algorithm, based on molecular-dynamic-simulation strategies, is proposed in this paper. A second consideration in simulating a finite-volume particle suspension is how the particle forces should be coupled back into the fluid calculation (so-called reverse coupling). Careful consideration of the energy budget for the particle and fluid phases indicates that interpolation schemes for forward and reverse coupling must be symmetric in order to ensure proper behavior of the overall energy balance. Asymmetric interpolation schemes will lead to errors of one plus the error of the least accurate interpolation method per iteration. Of course, global errors may be much larger due to a cumulative effect of the systematic deviation.
Topological insulator: Bi2Se3/polyvinyl alcohol film-assisted multi-wavelength ultrafast erbium-doped fiber laser

We experimentally demonstrate a multi-wavelength ultrafast erbium-doped fiber laser incorporating a μm-scale topological insulator: Bi2Se3/Polyvinyl Alcohol film as both an excellent saturable absorber for mode-locking and a high-nonlinear medium to induce a giant third order optical nonlinear effect for mitigating the mode competition of erbium-doped fiber laser and stabilizing the multi-wavelength oscillation. By properly adjusting the pump power and the polarization state, the single-, dual-, triple-, four-wavelength mode-locking pulse could be stably initiated. For the four-wavelength operation, we obtain its pulse width of ∼22 ps and a fundamental repetition rate of 8.83 MHz. The fiber laser exhibits the maximum output power of 9.7 mW with the pulse energy of 1.1 nJ and peak power of 50 W at the pump power of 155 mW. Our study shows that the simple, stable, low-cost multi-wavelength ultrafast fiber laser could be applied in various potential fields, such as optical communication, biomedical research, and radar system.
Energy resolution of alpha particles in a Micromegas detector at high pressure

The latest Micromesh Gas amplification Structures (Micromegas) are achieving outstanding energy resolution for low energy photons, with values as low as 11% FWHM for the 5.9 keV line of 55Fe in Argon/Isobutane mixtures at atmospheric pressure. At higher energies (MeV scale), these measurements are more complicated due to the difficulty in confining the events in the chamber, although there is no fundamental reason why resolutions of 1% FWHM or below could not be reached. There is much motivation to demonstrate experimentally this fact in Xe mixtures due to the possible application of Micromegas readouts to the Double Beta Decay (DBD) search of 136Xe, or in other experiments needing calorimetry and topology in the same detector. We report on systematic measurements of energy resolution with state-of-the-art Micromegas using a 5.5 MeV alpha source in high pressure Ar/Isobutane mixtures. Values as low as 1.6% FWHM have been obtained. Same measurements in Xe, of which a preliminary result is also shown here, are under progress.
Mass loss from evolved stars. I. Observations of 17 stars in the CO(2-1) line.

Emission in the J = 2--1 line of CO has been observed from the molecular envelopes produced by mass loss from 17 evolved stars, four of which are detected as CO sources for the first time. The sizes of several molecular envelopes have been measured; the cloud around IRC+10216 is about 6' in diameter. At a distance of 290 pc, this corresponds to an envelope radius of 0.25 pc and a crossing time of 14,000 years.
Fluxgate based detection of magnetic nanoparticle dynamics in a rotating magnetic field

We have developed a measurement setup allowing the investigation of the dynamics of magnetic nanoparticle suspensions in a rotating magnetic field. To determine the vector of the sample magnetization, sensitive fluxgate magnetometers are utilized detecting the sample’s stray field. The phase lag between sample magnetization and rotating magnetic field vector is determined via the cross correlation spectrum. The phase lag spectra measured for various rotating field amplitudes on aqueous magnetite nanoparticle suspensions show good agreement with theory if the multidispersity of core and hydrodynamic size is taken into account.
Mathematical modelling for keyhole surgery simulations: a biomechanical model for spleen tissue

There is growing interest in the potential for computer simulations to provide good training materials for abdominal endoscopic or 'keyhole' surgery. This paper describes a preliminary study of the mechanical properties of abdominal (spleen) tissue. We show how experimental force-displacement data can be used to derive a biomechanical model for the tissue as an incompressible, homogeneous, isotropic nonlinear elastic material with an exponential stress-strain law. We also show how the model can be used to predict the response of the tissue to a surgical probe. This involves solving a complicated nonlinear constrained boundary-value problem, and there is a good fit between the computed solution and experimental data.
THE EFFECT OF PINNING CONTROL ON EVOLUTIONARY PRISONER'S DILEMMA GAME

The evolutionary game on graphs provides a natural framework to investigate the cooperation behavior existing in natural and social society. In this paper, degree-based pinning control and random pinning control are introduced into the evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game on scale-free networks, and the effects of control mechanism and control cost on the evolution are studied. Numerical simulation shows that forcing some nodes to cooperate (defect) will increase (decrease) the frequency of cooperators. Compared with random pinning control, degree-based pinning control is more efficient, and degree-based pinning control costs less than random pinning control to achieve the same goal. Numerical results also reveal that the evolutionary time series is more stable under pinning control mechanisms, especially under the degree-based pinning control.
Die Swell in Molten Polymers

The capillary flow properties of two commercial samples of polystyrene (Mw/Mn≈2.5–3.0) and three narrow distribution samples (Mw/Mn≈1.1) have been examined. Viscosity and extrudate diameter were measured as functions of temperature, shear rate, capillary diameter, and capillary length. Shear stress was found to be the primary flow variable controlling the swelling ratio (extrudate diameter/capillary diameter); polydispersity was the primary molecular variable. At low shear stresses the swelling ratio in all samples approached a constant value of approximately 1.10, concomitant with the approach of the viscosity to its Newtonian value. At high shear stresses the first normal stress difference, P11−P22, was calculated from the swelling ratio by the momentum balance method of Metzner et al. The values obtained were too small by several orders of magnitude. An alternative approach, in which the increase in diameter at the exit was attributed to stored elastic energy in the fluid, led to normal stresses of the.
Play-the-winner sampling for selecting the better of two binomial populations

The sequential allocation of treatments by an experimenter is considered for determining which of two binomial populations has the larger probability of success. Of particular interest in this study is a 'Play-the-Winner' (PW) sampling rule which prescribes that one continues with the same population after each success and one switches to the opposite population after each failure. The performance of the PW rule is examined for the selection problem, i.e. for selecting the better population with probability P* when the two singletrial probabilities of success, p and p', differ by at least A*, where P* and i\* are prescribed. A comparison is made between PW sampling and 'Vector-at-a-Time' (VT) sampling. In comparing results a criterion used is the expected number of failures that could have been avoided by using the better population throughout. It is shown for a particular common termination rule that with A* close to zero the PW sampling is superior to VT sampling if and only if I (p +p') > J. Other comparisons are also discussed.
Optimal arrangement of components via pairwise rearrangements

Abstract : The authors introduce the notion of comparison of the criticality of two nodes in a coherent system, and develop a monotonicity property of the reliability function under component pairwise rearrangement. They use this property to find the optimal component arrangement. Worked examples illustrate the methods proposed. Keywords: Optimization; Permutations; Nodes.
Mean oscillation over cubes and Hölder continuity

where R0 is the edge length of C0 and B, b are constants depending only on n. In this paper I show that if u(x) satisfies an inequality of the form (1) with Rn replaced by Rn+e, e>0, then u is Holder continuous with exponent e (this condition is of course also necessary for Holder continuity). Morrey's Lemma then follows as a simple corollary. The method of proof is essentially the same as that of John and Nirenberg and is based on the following decomposition lemma, a proof of which can be found in their paper.
Modulational instability of cylindrical and spherical dust ion-acoustic waves

Using the reductive perturbation method, a cylindrically and spherically modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation describing the slow modulation of the dust ion-acoustic wave amplitude in an unmagnetized dusty plasma is obtained for the first time. The modulational instability of the dust ion-acoustic waves due to the cylindrical and spherical geometry effect is investigated. It is shown that the properties of the modulational instability of dust ion-acoustic wave in a cylindrical and spherical geometry differ from those in a planar one-dimensional geometry.
Mechanism of controlling supersonic cavity oscillations using upstream mass injection

The mechanism of controlling supersonic cavity oscillations using upstream mass injection is investigated by implicit large-eddy simulations of a turbulent flow (M∞ = 2.0, ReD = 105) past a rectangular cavity with a length-to-depth ratio of 2. The mass injection is simulated by specifying a vertical velocity profile of a jet ejecting steadily through a slot placed at the upstream of the cavity leading edge. The results show that the steady upstream mass injection produces significant attenuation of the cavity oscillations, and two primary mechanisms are demonstrated to be directly responsible for the noise suppression: lifting up of the cavity shear layer, and damping of the shear-layer instability. It is found that the case of low mass flow injection investigated is more effective in stabilizing the cavity shear layer than the high mass flow injection. A transition stage might exist between two well-developed oscillating modes, but “mode-switching” is not observed.
Higher order asymptotic computation of Bayesian significance tests for precise null hypotheses in the presence of nuisance parameters

The full Bayesian significance test (FBST) was introduced by Pereira and Stern for measuring the evidence of a precise null hypothesis. The FBST requires both numerical optimization and multidimensional integration, whose computational cost may be heavy when testing a precise null hypothesis on a scalar parameter of interest in the presence of a large number of nuisance parameters. In this paper we propose a higher order approximation of the measure of evidence for the FBST, based on tail area expansions of the marginal posterior of the parameter of interest. When in particular focus is on matching priors, further results are highlighted. Numerical illustrations are discussed.
Effect of Surface Roughness in Parallel-Plate Microchannels on Heat Transfer

In this study, the effect of surface roughness on convective heat transfer in two-dimensional parallel plate microchannels is analyzed numerically for steady-state, single-phase, developing, and laminar air flow in the slip flow regime. Slip velocity and temperature jump at wall boundaries are imposed to observe the rarefaction effect. The effect of triangular roughness elements on Nusselt number are compared to cases with smooth surfaces. The results indicate that increasing surface roughness reduces heat transfer in continuum. However, in slip flow regime, an increase in the Nusselt number with increasing roughness height is observed; this increase being more pronounced at low rarefied flows. It is also found that the presence of axial conduction and viscous dissipation have increasing effects on heat transfer in smooth and rough channels, compared to cases where they are neglected.
Probing stereotypes through students' drawings of scientists

The Draw-A-Scientist Test is an assessment tool devised to explore and measure children’s stereotypical views of scientists. We administered this test to a group of 49 undergraduate and postgraduate students enrolled in a teacher certification program. While this was originally intended as a purely pedagogical exercise, we were struck by the degree to which the drawings so produced resembled, in stereotypical content, those usually produced by children. This suggests that stereotypes of science and scientists formed during childhood, presumably via the influence of the media, remain largely unaffected by the subsequent passage through high school and college, despite the fact that numerous real-life figures of science teachers and scientists are presumably encountered throughout those formative years. We argue that this state of affairs has subtle and far reaching consequences, and is worthy of our collective attention.
Oxygen vacancy tuned Ohmic-Schottky conversion for enhanced performance in β-Ga2O3 solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors

β-Ga2O3 epitaxial thin films were deposited using laser molecular beam epitaxy technique and oxygen atmosphere in situ annealed in order to reduce the oxygen vacancy. Metal/semiconductor/metal structured photodetectors were fabricated using as-grown film and annealed film separately. Au/Ti electrodes were Ohmic contact with the as-grown films and Schottky contact with the annealed films. In compare with the Ohmic-type photodetector, the Schottky-type photodetector takes on lower dark current, higher photoresponse, and shorter switching time, which benefit from Schottky barrier controlling electron transport and the quantity of photogenerated carriers trapped by oxygen vacancy significant decreasing.
Ultrahigh-pressure transitions in solid hydrogen

During the past five years, major progress has been made in the experimental study of solid hydrogen at ultrahigh pressures as a result of developments in diamond-cell technology. Pressures at which metallization has been predicted to occur have been reached (250--300 Gigapascals). Detailed studies of the dynamic, structural, and electronic properties of dense hydrogen reveal a system unexpectedly rich in physical phenomena, exhibiting a variety of transitions at ultrahigh pressures. This colloquium explores the study of dense hydrogen as an archetypal problem in condensed-matter physics.
A beaming model for the OJ 287 periodic optical outbursts

An analytical model for the description of the quasi-periodic optical outbursts observed in the blazar OJ 287 is presented. The astrophysical scenario that can account for the observed double-peaked structure of the cyclic outbursts consists of a pair of supermassive black holes (BHs) in a binary system, both of them creating a jet. The two jets are bent by the interaction of their magnetized plasma with the ambient medium. The combination of this bending with a long-term precession of the jet axes gives rise to a time-dependent orientation of the emitting outflows. The quasi-periodic optical outbursts that we observe arise from the relativistic beaming effect when part of the bent jets is directed toward us. The theoretical result is a light curve that, for a given choice of the model parameters, describes very well the observational data taken over more than a century, and predicts the future behaviour. This successful agreement between model and observations may be further evidence for the presence of binary BH systems in the cores of active galactic nuclei (AGNs).
Arctic sea‐ice evolution as modeled by Max Planck Institute for Meteorology's Earth system model

We describe the evolution of Arctic sea ice as modeled by the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology's Earth System Model (MPI‐ESM). The modeled spatial distribution and interannual variability of the sea‐ice cover agree well with satellite observations and are improved relative to the model's predecessor ECHAM5/MPIOM. An evaluation of modeled sea‐ice coverage based on sea‐ice area gives, however, conflicting results compared to an evaluation based on sea‐ice extent and is additionally hindered by uncertainties in the observational record. Simulated trends in sea‐ice coverage for the satellite period range from more strongly negative than observed to positive. The observed evolution of Arctic sea ice is incompatible with modeled internal variability and probably caused by external forcing. Simulated drift patterns agree well with observations, but simulated drift speed is generally too high. Simulated sea‐ice volume agrees well with volume estimates of the PIOMAS reanalysis for the past few years. However, a preceding Arctic wide decrease in sea‐ice volume starts much earlier in MPI‐ESM than in PIOMAS. Analyzing this behavior in MPI‐ESM's ocean model MPIOM, we find that the modeled volume trend depends crucially on the specific choice of atmospheric reanalysis forcing, which casts some doubt on the reliability of estimates of volume trends. In our CMIP5 scenario simulations, we find a substantial delay in sea‐ice response to increasing CO2 concentration; a seasonally ice‐free Arctic can result for a CO2 concentration of around 500 ppm. Simulated winter sea‐ice coverage drops rapidly to near ice‐free conditions once the mean Arctic winter temperature exceeds −5°C.
A Bayesian Analysis of Directional Data Using the von Mises–Fisher Distribution

ABSTRACT This article presents a Bayesian analysis of the von Mises–Fisher distribution, which is the most important distribution in the analysis of directional data. We obtain samples from the posterior distribution using a sampling-importance-resampling method. The procedure is illustrated using simulated data as well as real data sets previously analyzed in the literature.
Individual Differences in Mentalizing Capacity Predict Indirect Request Comprehension

ABSTRACT People often speak ambiguously, as in the case of indirect requests. Certain indirect requests are conventional and thus straightforward to interpret, such as “Can you turn on the heater? ”, but others require substantial additional inference, such as “It’s cold in here. ” How do comprehenders make inferences about a speaker’s intentions? And what makes a comprehender more or less successful? Here, we explore the hypothesis that comprehenders do so in part by mentalizing—encoding what the speaker knows or believes about the world—and that differences in mentalizing ability predict how well comprehenders draw these inferences. In Experiment 1, we find that comprehenders’ pragmatic interpretations are significantly influenced by a speaker’s inferable knowledge states. In Experiment 2, we find that variability in this effect is explained by individual differences in comprehenders’ mentalizing ability. Finally, in Experiment 3, we find that both effects are robust across different dependent measures of inference.
Steady states in plasma physics—the Vlasov–Fokker–Planck equation

In this paper we investigate the non-linear Vlasov–Fokker–Planck (VFP) equation, a both physically and mathematically interesting modification of Vlasov's equation, which describes a plasma in a thermal bath. We prove existence, uniqueness and representation results for steady states of the VFP equation both in the case of a mollified interaction potential and for the VFP–Poisson system. The uniqueness and representation results are of special interest since they distinguish special solutions of the Vlasov equation.