Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern avoidance in inversion sequences

Abstract A permutation of length n may be represented, equivalently, by a sequence a1a2 • • • an satisfying 0 < ai < i for all z, which is called an inversion sequence. In analogy to the usual case for permutations, the pattern avoidance question is addressed for inversion sequences. In particular, explicit formulas and/or generating functions are derived which count the inversion sequences of a given length that avoid a single pattern of length three. Among the sequences encountered are the Fibonacci numbers, the Schröder numbers, and entry A200753 in OEIS. We make use of both algebraic and combinatorial methods to establish our results. An explicit Injection is given between two of the avoidance classes, and in three cases, the kernel method is used to solve a functional equation satisfied by the generating function enumerating the class in question.
Promoting HPV Vaccination in People with HIV: Factors to Consider

People with HIV (PWH) and their sexual partners have increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Despite recommended HPV vaccination for PWH aged 18–26 years, vaccination rates among PWH remain low. This qualitative study used the Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills (IMBS) model to identify factors influencing the decisions of PWH around promoting HPV vaccination to their sexual partners. Fourteen PWH with diverse sociodemographic characteristics participated in four focus-group discussions. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis; codes and themes included IMBS constructs. For the information construct, the need for improved HPV education emerged as the driving factor for HPV vaccine uptake and discussing HPV vaccines with partners. Focal reasons for being unvaccinated included low knowledge of HPV risk, asymptomatic cancer-causing HPV, HPV vaccines, and vaccine eligibility. Salient factors in the motivation construct included the preventive benefits of HPV vaccination to both self and sexual partners. Salient factors in the behavioral skills construct included: accessing vaccine, low self-confidence and skills for promoting vaccination, relationships with sexual partners, partners’ vaccine hesitancy, and stigma. Race/ethnicity impacted HPV vaccination promotion; important determinants included perceptions of HPV-related diseases as “White people’s diseases” among Black people, and discrimination against those with HPV-related diseases among the Hispanic population.
Composite Ground-Motion Models and Logic Trees: Methodology, Sensitivities, and Uncertainties

Logic trees have become a popular tool in seismic hazard studies. Commonly, the models corresponding to the end branches of the complete logic tree in a probabalistic seismic hazard analysis (psha) are treated separately until the final calculation of the set of hazard curves. This comes at the price that information regarding sensitivities and uncertainties in the ground-motion sections of the logic tree are only obtainable after disaggregation. Furthermore, from this end-branch model perspective even the designers of the logic tree cannot directly tell what ground-motion scenarios most likely would result from their logic trees for a given earthquake at a particular distance, nor how uncertain these scenarios might be or how they would be affected by the choices of the hazard analyst. On the other hand, all this information is already implicitly present in the logic tree. Therefore, with the ground-motion perspective that we propose in the present article, we treat the ground-motion sections of a complete logic tree for seismic hazard as a single composite model representing the complete state-of-knowledge-and-belief of a particular analyst on ground motion in a particular target region. We implement this view by resampling the ground-motion models represented in the ground-motion sections of the logic tree by Monte Carlo simulation (separately for the median values and the sigma values) and then recombining the sets of simulated values in proportion to their logic-tree branch weights. The quantiles of this resampled composite model provide the hazard analyst and the decision maker with a simple, clear, and quantitative representation of the overall physical meaning of the ground-motion section of a logic tree and the accompanying epistemic uncertainty. Quantiles of the composite model also provide an easy way to analyze the sensitivities and uncertainties related to a given logic-tree model. We illustrate this for a composite ground-motion model for central Europe. Further potential fields of applications are seen wherever individual best estimates of ground motion have to be derived from a set of candidate models, for example, for hazard maps, sensitivity studies, or for modeling scenario earthquakes.
Analytical solution of 1-D harmonic response in saturated soil

For the u-w and u-p formulations of 1-D harmonic response in saturated soil, a fourth order equation can be derived through these second order equations by elimination. General solution can be derived by solving this fourth order equation. For a special boundary value problem, analytical solution, which satisfies the boundary conditions, can be reached by solving the linear equations that include these boundary conditions. This analytical solution can be used in several research aspects of dynamic response in saturated soil.
Effectiveness of Fluid and Caffeine Modifications on Symptoms in Adults With Overactive Bladder: A Systematic Review

Overactive bladder (OAB) is prevalent in men and women and negatively impacts physical and psychological health. Fluid and caffeine intake modifications, which are lifestyle modification interventions, are simple methods to manage OAB. However, studies that synthesized both interventions and found scientific evidence are scarce. This review aimed to synthesize scientific evidence on whether fluid and caffeine intake modifications are effective for OAB symptoms. PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, KoreaMed, and RISS (Research Information Sharing Service) were used to search for studies and 8 studies were included. The Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2.0) and ROBINS-I (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions) were used to assess the quality of selected studies. Due to the heterogeneous outcome variables, a meta-analysis was not conducted. Among the 8 included, 7 studies were randomized controlled trials and one was a quasi-experimental study. Four studies assessed urgency. Caffeine reduction was statistically effective for urgency symptoms, but increasing fluid intake was not. Frequency was assessed in 5 studies, which showed decreasing caffeine and fluid intake was effective in treating the symptoms. Urinary incontinence episodes were assessed in 6 studies, and nocturia in 2. Restricting caffeine intake was effective in treating these 2 symptoms, but restricting both caffeine and fluid intake was not. Quality of life (QoL) was examined in 5 studies, and modifying fluid and caffeine intake significantly improved QoL in 2. Although there were limited studies, our review provides scientific evidence that fluid and caffeine intake modification effectively manages OAB symptoms. Further research should examine acceptability and sustainability of interventions in the long-term and enable meta-analysis.
Convergence rate of GMRES on tridiagonal block Toeplitz linear systems

Iterative methods such as generalized minimal residual (GMRES) method are used to solve large sparse linear systems. This paper is considered the GMRES method for solving tridiagonal block Toeplitz linear systems with diagonal blocks, and establishes upper bounds for GMRES residuals. The coefficient matrix becomes an m-tridiagonal Toeplitz matrix, and tridiagonal toeplitz systems are subcases of these systems. Also, we show that the GMRES method on linear system computes the exact solution in at most N steps.
Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability Might Help in Predicting Severe Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing

Simple Summary Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with behavioral, cardiovascular, and metabolic dysfunction. Autonomic changes have also been described in patients with OSA. In this study, we measured the heart rate variability (HRV) on electrocardiogram (ECG) tracings of OSA patients as a measure of cardiac autonomic regulation and putative predictor of disturbed breathing during nighttime. Our findings confirm an altered cardiac autonomic regulation in OSA patients during nighttime and identify a possible role of nighttime HRV in predicting sleep breathing disorders. Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can have long-term cardiovascular and metabolic effects. The identification of OSA-related impairments would provide diagnostic and prognostic value. Heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure of cardiac autonomic regulation is a promising candidate marker of OSA and OSA-related conditions. We took advantage of the Physionet Apnea-ECG database for two purposes. First, we performed time- and frequency-domain analysis of nocturnal HRV on each recording of this database to evaluate the cardiac autonomic regulation in patients with nighttime sleep breathing disorders. Second, we conducted a logistic regression analysis (backward stepwise) to identify the HRV indices able to predict the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) categories (i.e., “Severe OSA”, AHI ≥ 30; “Moderate-Mild OSA”, 5 ≥ AHI < 30; and “Normal”, AHI < 5). Compared to the “Normal”, the “Severe OSA” group showed lower high-frequency power in normalized units (HFnu) and higher low-frequency power in normalized units (LFnu). The standard deviation of normal R–R intervals (SDNN) and the root mean square of successive R–R interval differences (RMSSD) were independently associated with sleep-disordered breathing. Our findings suggest altered cardiac autonomic regulation with a reduced parasympathetic component in OSA patients and suggest a role of nighttime HRV in the characterization and identification of sleep breathing disorders.
Numerical study of flow fields in an airway closure model

The liquid lining in small human airways can become unstable and form liquid plugs that close off the airways. Direct numerical simulations are carried out on an airway model to study this airway instability and the flow-induced stresses on the airway walls. The equations governing the fluid motion and the interfacial boundary conditions are solved using the finite-volume method coupled with the sharp interface method for the free surface. The dynamics of the closure process is simulated for a viscous Newtonian film with constant surface tension and a passive core gas phase. In addition, a special case is examined that considers the core dynamics so that comparisons can be made with the experiments of Bian et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 647, 2010, p. 391). The computed flow fields and stress distributions are consistent with the experimental findings. Within the short time span of the closure process, there are large fluctuations in the wall shear stress. Furthermore, dramatic velocity changes in the film during closure indicate a steep normal stress gradient on the airway wall. The computational results show that the wall shear stress, normal stress and their gradients during closure can be high enough to injure airway epithelial cells.
CBCT assessment of alveolar bone wall morphology and its correlation with tooth angulation in the anterior mandible: a new classification for immediate implant placement

Purpose This study aimed to quantify alveolar bone morphology, demonstrate the relationship between tooth angulation and alveolar bone thickness, and introduce a new classification for anterior mandibular teeth related to immediate implant placement (IIP). Methods Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 211 anterior mandibular teeth were analyzed in sagittal slices to measure the thickness of the facial alveolar bone crest (FAB1) and apex (FAB2), and the lingual alveolar bone crest (LAB1) and apex (LAB2). Tooth angulation was classified as 1°–10°, 11°–20°, and >20° according to the tooth’s long axis and alveolar bone wall. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to evaluate correlations between the variables. Results FAB1 and LAB1 were predominantly thin (<1 mm) (84.4% and 73.4%, respectively), with the lateral incisors being thinnest. At the apical level, FAB2 and LAB2 were thick in 99.5% and 99.1% of cases, respectively. Significant differences were documented in FAB2 (P=0.004), LAB1 (P=0.001), and LAB2 (P=0.001) of all mandibular teeth. At all apical levels of the inspected teeth, a significant negative correlation existed between TA and FAB2. Meanwhile, TA showed a significant positive correlation with LAB2 of the lateral incisors and canines. These patterns were then divided into class I (thick facial and lingual alveolar bone), class II (facially inclined teeth) with subtype A (1°–10°) and subtype B (11°–20°), and class III (lingually inclined teeth) with subtype A (1°–10°) and subtype B (11°–20°). Conclusions Mandibular anterior teeth have predominantly thin facial and lingual crests, making the lingual bone apical thickness crucial for IIP. Although anchorage can be obtained from lingual bone, tooth angulation and tooth types had an impact on IIP planning. Hence, the new classification based on TA and alveolar bone wall may enable rational clinical planning for IIP treatment.
Performance of Autumn and Spring Calving Holstein Dairy Cows with Different Levels of Environmental Exposure and Feeding Strategies

Simple Summary Since there has been an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events (i.e., heavy rains, heat stress) due to climate change, the interaction between feeding and management issues and the required facilities to alleviate environmental effects on animal performance has become relevant. Although there is extensive literature on the implementation of confined vs. mixed (grazing + mixed ration) feeding strategies in dairy systems, most are short-term studies and there is little information on their effects on cow full lactation performance, associated with environmental exposure stress throughout their productive cycle, which depends on their calving season. This manuscript determines and interprets its effects on milk production and composition and energy balance (i.e., body condition score, non-esterified fatty acids, and beta-hydroxybutyrate) during a full lactation in two calving seasons, addressing whole-herd (extensive to whole-farm) feeding and management issues. The results demonstrate that outdoor soil-bedded milk production systems, when well-managed, have a very high milk production potential that could equate to the productive response of improved infrastructure systems (i.e., a compost-bedded pack barn with cooling capacity) under moderately unfavorable environmental conditions (i.e., infrequent heavy rains), but in worse situations (i.e., severe heat waves and frequent heavy rains), performance could be compromised. Abstract Environmental exposure during confinement and feeding strategy affects cow behavior, nutrient utilization, and performance. Milk production and composition, body condition score, non-esterified fatty acids, and beta-hydroxybutyrate were determined during a full lactation in cows submitted to (a) grazing + partial confinement in outdoor soil-bedded pens with shade structures (OD-GRZ); (b) grazing + partial confinement in a compost-bedded pack barn with cooling capacity (CB-GRZ); or (c) total confinement (same facilities as CB-GRZ) and fed TMR ad libitum (CB-TMR). Autumn (ACS) and spring (SCS) calving season cows were used for each treatment, except for CB-TMR (only SCS). In ACS, treatments did not differ in any variable, possibly due to mild weather. In SCS, milk production was higher in CB-TMR than CB-GRZ, which in turn produced more milk than OD-GRZ. Differences coincided with heat waves and/or heavy rains (similar grazing conditions and mixed ration DM intake). Milk fat, protein and lactose yield, protein content, and BCS were higher in CB-TMR, without differences between CB-GRZ and OD-GRZ. Cows in OD-GRZ had impaired energy metabolism. Under moderately unfavorable environmental conditions (ACS), when well-managed, OD-GRZ systems could equate to the productive response of CB-GRZ. However, in worse climatic conditions (SCS), performance could be compromised, especially when compared to TMR systems.
Do piano lessons improve basic temporal controllability of maintaining a uniform tempo

To clarify at what point a skilled pianist's ability surpasses a novice pianist's with regard to basic temporal controllability of maintaining a uniform tempo, skilled and novice pianists tapped a piano keyboard and an aluminum board in equal intervals. They used three types of finger motions for the tapping. The temporal fluctuation in the tapping was analyzed by Fourier analysis to estimate the temporal controllability. As a result, when tapping with a single finger, there was no difference in the controllability between skilled and novice pianists. Skilled pianists had excellent controllability when they coordinated multiple finger motions as well as when they tapped with a single finger. However, novice pianists showed poor control for multiple finger tapping in contrast to single finger tapping. These results suggest that years of piano lessons do not improve basic controllability of maintaining a uniform tempo. They only improve the ability to coordinate multiple finger motions. There were no significant differences between the piano keyboard and the aluminum board for either skilled or novice pianists. It rejected the assumption that novice pianists were unskilled at controlling a piano keyboard.
In a Large Healthcare System in the Bronx, Teleretinal Triaging Was Found to Increase Screening and Healthcare Access for an Underserved Population with a High Incidence of T2DM and Retinopathy

The early treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevents vision-threatening proliferative retinopathy (PDR) and macular edema (DME). Our study evaluates telemedicine (teleretinal) screening for DR in an inner-city healthcare network with a high ethnic diversity and disease burden. Fundus photographs were obtained and graded in a centralized reading center between 2014 and 2016. Patients with positive screenings were referred to a retina specialist. An analysis of sensitivity and specificity and a subgroup analysis of prevalence, disease severity, and follow-up adherence were conducted. In 2251 patients, the ‘1-year’ and ‘Overall’ follow-ups were 35.1% and 54.8%, respectively. Severe grading, male gender, and age were associated with better follow-up compliance. The DR, PDR, and DME prevalence was 24.9%, 4.1%, and 5.9%, respectively, and was significantly associated with HbA1c. The sensitivity and specificity for DR, PDR, and DME were 70% and 87%, 87% and 75%, and 37% and 95%, respectively. No prevalence differences were noted between ethnicities. Annual diabetic eye exam adherence increased from 55% to 85% during the study period. Teleretinal triaging is sensitive and specific for DR and improved diabetic eye exam compliance for underserved populations when integrated into large healthcare networks. The adherence to follow-up recommendations was better among older patients and among those with more severe retinopathy.
Nonlinear behaviour of contained inertia waves

Rotating fluid-filled containers are systems which admit inertial oscillations, which at appropriate frequencies can be represented as inertia wave modes. When forced by a time-dependent perturbation, systems of contained inertia waves have been shown, in a number of experimental studies, to exhibit complex and varied breakdown phenomena. It is particularly hard to determine a forcing amplitude below which breakdowns do not occur but at which linear wave behaviour is still measurable. In this paper, experiments are presented where modes of higher order than the fundamental are forced. These modes exhibit more complex departures from linear inviscid behaviour than the fundamental mode. However, the experiments on higher-order modes show that instabilities begin at nodal planes. It is shown that even a weakly nonlinear contained inertia-wave system is one in which unexpectedly efficient interactions with higher-order modes can occur, leading to ubiquitous breakdowns. An experiment with the fundamental mode illustrates the system's preference for complex transitions to chaos.
Modular forms of half integral weight and the integral of certain theta-functions

Recently G. Shimura [1] constructed modular forms of integral weight from the forms of half integral weight. His construction is rather indirect. Indeed, he proved that the Dirichlet series, obtained from a form of half integral weight, multiplied by a certain L-function, corresponds to a modular form of an integral weight by means of the characterization of modular forms due to Weil.
Argumenthood, pronouns, and nominal feature geometry

This article explores the syntactic and feature-geometric properties of English pronouns, and offers some novel solutions to questions identified by Dechaine a Wiltschko (2002) and Rullmann (2004). Building on work by Cowper a Hall (2003, 2005) and Cowper (2005), we propose denotations and geometrical organizations for features of #, ϕ, and D, and show how these representations and their various syntactic realizations can account for the behaviour of pronouns in English, Halkomelem, and Shuswap. Our analysis provides a consistent interpretation for ϕ, rather than the dual nature proposed by Dechaine a Wiltschko (2002), and eliminates the need for at least one instance of coercion.
COVID-19 팬데믹이 임부의 우울에 미치는 영향

PURPOSE Uncertainty and restrictions on daily life have increased fear, stress, and depression during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Depression is the most common mental health problem in pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of fear and stress related to COVID-19 experienced by pregnant women, as well as their levels of depression, and to examine the factors associated with depression during pregnancy. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, correlational study conducted among 153 pregnant women who visited a maternity hospital in Busan, South Korea. A self-reported questionnaire was used for data collection from December 18, 2021 to March 8, 2022. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. RESULTS Pregnant women experienced a moderate level of fear related to COVID-19, with an average score of 21.55±4.90. The average score for depression during pregnancy was 14.86±11.10, with 50.3% of the participants experiencing depression (≥13). The factors associated with depression during pregnancy were fear of COVID-19, contact with a confirmed case of COVID-19, being in the third trimester of pregnancy, high stress levels due to difficulties experienced from social distancing measures, and unintended pregnancy. These five statistically significant factors explained 35.0% of variance in depression during pregnancy. CONCLUSION Considering the prevalence of depression in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to develop interventions to reduce anxiety by providing correct information and alleviating the stress of social distancing.
The δ Scuti star 38 o1 Eri

We present and discuss 247 high dispersion echelle spectra of the δ Scuti star 38 o1 Eri. We find at least three periods, but all are affected by aliasing problems. We attempt to identify the modes by a technique involving both temporal and spatial pre-whitening. All modes are of high degree, probably l≈4 and l≈7.