Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Rates and Fundamental Obstructions to Non-Euclidean Universal Approximation with Deep Narrow Feed-Forward Networks

By incorporating structured pairs of non-trainable input and output layers, the universal approximation property of feed-forward have recently been extended across a broad range of non-Euclidean input spaces X and output spaces Y. We quantify the number of narrow layers required for these ”deep geometric feed-forward neural networks” (DGNs) to approximate any continuous function in C ( X, Y ) , uniformly on compacts. The DGN architecture is then extended to accommodate complete Riemannian manifolds, where the input and output layers are only deﬁned locally, and we obtain local analogs of our results. In this case, we ﬁnd that both the global and local universal approximation guarantees can only coincide when approximating null-homotopic functions. Con-sequentially, we show that if Y is a compact Riemannian manifold, then there exists a function that cannot be uniformly approximated on large compact subsets of X. Nevertheless, we obtain lower-bounds of the maximum diameter of any geodesic ball in X wherein our local universal approximation results hold. Applying our results, we build universal approximators between spaces of non-degenerate Gaussian measures. We also obtain a quantitative version of the universal approximation theorem for classical deep narrow feed-forward networks with general activation functions.
Letter. An isosymmetric phase transition of orthopyroxene found by high-temperature X-ray diffraction

Abstract High-temperature synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction experiments for the composition of (Ca0.06Mg1.94)Si2O6 have been carried out in the present study to clarify whether orthopyroxene has a transition between low- and high-temperature phases. Our results show that discontinuous changes of unit-cell dimensions and volume occur at 1170 °C during both heating and cooling processes and that the space group of Pbca does not change during this reversible phase transition. These facts indicate a first-order and isosymmetric phase transition. This high-temperature phase is thermodynamically distinct from the low-temperature phase, i.e., orthoenstatite in the Mg-rich portion of Mg2Si2O6- CaMgSi2O6 phase diagram, although they have the same space group.
The Rheological Properties of Bitumen Emulsions Part II—Experimental Characterization

ABSTRACT This article is the second of a series of two that presents a comparison between the rheological properties of bitumen emulsions as measured either by means of efflux time viscometers (NF T66-020 and prEN 12846) or by more fundamental methods using a constant-rate rheometer. In this part, it is shown that bitumen emulsions behave as Casson fluids, described by only two parameters: a (very low) yield stress and a high-shear limiting viscosity. Thus, it was possible to superpose all rheograms for all emulsions on a single master curve of reduced stress (stress divided by yield stress) versus reduced strain rate (strain rate multiplied by high-shear viscosity and divided by yield stress). Comparison between efflux times calculated using the theoretical results derived in part one of the paper, and measured one, showed that reasonable estimates of the efflux times of bitumen emulsions are obtained neglecting their yielding behaviour. Finally, efflux times of bitumen emulsions in standard geometries typically measure their high shear limiting viscosity which is representative of industrial phenomena such as pumping, but do not give information about the behaviour at low strain-rates under static conditions like those found in the coating or drainage processes. Therefore, they remain good quality control tools, but it must be kept in mind that they only characterize part of the rheological behaviour of a bitumen emulsion.
Church synthesis on register automata over linearly ordered data domains

In a Church synthesis game, two players, Adam and Eve, alternately pick some element in a finite alphabet, for an infinite number of rounds. The game is won by Eve if the $$\omega $$ ω -word formed by this infinite interaction belongs to a given language S , called the specification. It is well-known that for $$\omega $$ ω -regular specifications, it is decidable whether Eve has a strategy to enforce the specification no matter what Adam does. We study the extension of Church synthesis games to the linearly ordered data domains $$({\mathbb {Q}},\le )$$ ( Q , ≤ ) and $$({\mathbb {N}},\le )$$ ( N , ≤ ) . In this setting, the infinite interaction between Adam and Eve results in an $$\omega $$ ω - data word, i.e., an infinite sequence of elements in the domain. We study this problem when specifications are given as register automata. Those automata consist in finite automata equipped with a finite set of registers in which they can store data values, that they can then compare with incoming data values with respect to the linear order. Church games over $$({\mathbb {N}},\le )$$ ( N , ≤ ) are however undecidable, even for deterministic register automata. Thus, we introduce one-sided Church games, where Eve instead operates over a finite alphabet, while Adam still manipulates data. We show that they are determined, and that deciding the existence of a winning strategy is in ExpTime , both for $${\mathbb {Q}}$$ Q and $${\mathbb {N}}$$ N . This follows from a study of constraint sequences, which abstract the behaviour of register automata, and allow us to reduce Church games to $$\omega $$ ω -regular games. We present an application of one-sided Church games to a transducer synthesis problem. In this application, a transducer models a reactive system (Eve) which outputs data stored in its registers, depending on its interaction with an environment (Adam) which inputs data to the system.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of HIV-Positive Adolescents Related to HIV/AIDS Prevention in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)

Introduction In sub-Saharan Africa, many adolescents living with HIV adopt behaviors and practices at risk of transmitting this infection. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HIV-positive adolescents regarding the transmission of HIV for the prevention of this disease. Methods Knowledge Attitude Practical Survey (KAP) conducted from June 20 to August 22, 2018 in pediatrics at the University Hospital of Treichville. It included consenting HIV-positive adolescents followed up in the voluntary testing counseling unit. The variables studied related to sociodemographic aspects, knowledge, attitude, and practice relating to the transmission of HIV. The analysis was descriptive. Results The active queue was 349 children, including 210 adolescents. Fifty adolescents (22 boys and 28 girls) participated in the study, a participation rate of 24%. The average age of the participants was 16 years (extreme 10 and 19 years). The respondent was an orphan (38%), a secondary school (58%), and separated living parents in 42%. He stated that he did not know he was infected in 62%, and that he had sex with at least one partner in 54%. He knew the modes of transmission and the means of prevention in 72% of the cases. He knew that an HIV-positive adolescent could transmit the disease in 68%, and that HIV/AIDS was incurable in 40%. 42% of respondents said that an infected person on ARVs was contagious. Twenty-nine respondents who had a partner said they had unprotected sex in 58%. All of the adolescents surveyed said that they did not talk to friends and family about HIV. Conclusion The level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of HIV-positive adolescents regarding HIV/AIDS transmission is insufficient. We suggest setting up a therapeutic HIV/AIDS education program for these adolescents.
Policy Literacy, Barriers, and Gender Impact on Accessibility to Healthcare Services under Compulsory Migrant Health Insurance among Myanmar Migrant Workers in Thailand

Accessibility to health service and experience of healthcare are important factors for public health policymaking. The current study aimed to describe the status of accessibility and barriers to getting care as well as policy literacy among Myanmar migrant workers and ultimately to identify the predictors of accessibility to healthcare services among this population through Thailand's Compulsory Migrant Health Insurance (CMHI). A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from 240 Myanmar migrant workers who were 18 years or older, resided in Songkhla Province, and had Compulsory Migrant Health Insurance. The instrument was a set of questionnaires consisting of a Personal Data Form, Policy Literacy Questionnaire, Barriers to Get Care Questionnaire, and Accessibility to Healthcare Services Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data. The majority of participants had a high level of policy literacy (36.3%), barriers to get care (34.2%), and accessibility to health care services (35.8%). Policy literacy (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), barriers to get care (β = −0.32, p < 0.001), and gender (p < 0.001) were significant predictors of accessibility to healthcare services and could explain 43.2% of the total variance. To increase the accessibility to healthcare services among migrant workers with Compulsory Migrant Health Insurance, public health policymakers are recommended to cooperate more with healthcare staff and the workers' employers to enhance the distribution of information about the health insurance to decrease barriers to get care.
Quantitative analysis of CMTM6 expression in tumor microenvironment in metastatic melanoma and association with outcome on immunotherapy

ABSTRACT Chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6 (CMTM6) modulates degradation of a number of proteins, including programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) by protecting it from ubiquitin-mediated degradation. In this role, it could modulate the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Here, for the first time, we characterize CMTM6 expression in melanoma and evaluate its association with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). We evaluated the expression of CMTM6, PD-L1 and other immune-related proteins in 60 pretreatment biopsies from metastatic melanoma patients who received immunotherapy, in a tissue microarray (TMA) using quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF). Expression of mRNA from control patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was also compared. CMTM6 expression was positively correlated with PD-L1, CD3, CD20, and CD68 markers, at protein (Pearson’s r = 0.53–0.81, all P < .0001) and mRNA (Spearman’s r = 0.15–0.44, all P < .002, except for CD68 where P = .26) levels. CMTM6 protein was associated with longer survival after immunotherapy when measured in the stromal (P = .007) and all the immune compartments tested (T cells, B cells, and macrophages). Multivariable analyses also revealed significant CMTM6 survival associations when measured in stromal (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.12, P = . 001) and CD68-positive (HR = 0.30, P = .043) compartments. Additionally, PD-L1 but not CMTM6 showed prognostic value in control patients. Finally, high CMTM6 and PD-L1 co-expression in the stromal compartment was significantly associated with longer survival in treated patients (P = .028). Consequently, CMTM6 expression shows potential as a predictive factor for ICI treatments.
The Survival Advantage of Females at Premenopausal Age Is Race Dependent in Colorectal Cancer

Background A female prognostic advantage in younger individuals has been demonstrated in various cancers. Several large-scale analyses based on different racial backgrounds have reported inconsistent results in colorectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of sex and age in patients with colorectal cancer of different ethnic groups. Methods We identified 71,812 eligible patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. According to age at diagnosis, the patients were categorized into premenopausal age (≤45 yrs), menopausal age (46–54 yrs), and postmenopausal age (≥55 yrs) subgroups for further analysis. Results Multivariate analysis identified the female survival advantage to be significant in the premenopausal age subgroup (P = 0.002, HR (95% CI): 0.73 (0.60–0.89)), diminished in the menopausal age subgroup (P = 0.09), and absent in the postmenopausal age subgroup (P = 0.96). Furthermore, the female survival advantage at premenopausal age was significant only in white patients (P = 0.001, HR (95% CI): 0.68 (0.54–0.87)) and not in either American Indian/Alaska Native or Asian or Pacific Islander patients. There was a trend of better survival of females in black patients (P = 0.07). Conclusions Sex was a major prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients, especially premenopausal women, and the difference was also associated with race.
Alanylglutamine Relieved Asthma Symptoms by Regulating Gut Microbiota and the Derived Metabolites in Mice

Objective Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease, which seriously affects the life quality of patients, especially children. Alanylglutamine is a nutritional supplement with potential protective and anti-inflammatory effects, but its function in allergic asthma remains elusive. In this study, we focused on the investigations of the roles and functional mechanism of Alanylglutamine in asthma. Methods Ovalbumin (OVA) induction was utilized to establish a mouse asthma model. 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to compare the diversity of intestinal microorganisms under different treatments. Gas chromatography was utilized to screen the intestinal microbe-short-chain fatty acids in the stool. The lung tissue was extracted to determine signaling pathways, including AMPK, NF-κB, mTOR, STAT3, IKKβ, TGF-β, and IL-1β through Western blot or RT-qPCR. Results It was observed that Alanylglutamine reduced the cytokine in OVA-induced allergic asthma mice. H&E staining showed obvious pneumonia symptoms in the asthma group, while Alanylglutamine alleviated the inflammatory infiltration. Alanylglutamine reversed gut microbiota compositions in OVA-induced allergic asthma mice and enhanced the butyric acid level. The protective role of Alanylglutamine may be associated with the gut microbiota-butyric acid-GPR43 pathway in asthma mice. In contrast to the OVA group, Alanylglutamine activated the protein expression of P-AMPK/AMPK and inhibited the protein expression of P-mTOR/mTOR, P-P65/P65, P-STAT3/STAT3, P-IKKβ/IKKβ, TGF-β, and IL-1β, with similar effects from butyric acid. Conclusion The results indicated that Alanylglutamine might be beneficial for asthma, and its effect was achieved through the regulation on microbiota and the derived metabolites. The therapeutic effects might be associated with AMPK, NF-κB, mTOR, and STAT3 signaling pathways. These findings will help identify effective therapeutic direction to alleviate allergic inflammation of the lungs and airways.
MOISTURE SORPTION STUDY ON NIGERIAN FOODS: MAIZE and SORGHUM

Adsorption-desorption behavior of maize and sorghum between aw= 0.10–0.98 at temperatures of 20, 25 and 40C was studied. the grains exhibited type II sorption isotherm. the sorption data were analyzed using six sorption models and the coefficients of determination were between 0.6965–0.9994. the Caurie model gave the poorest fit and the Henderson model the best. Some models were better for adsorption than for desorption. the GAB and BET monolayer moisture contents were not significantly (p > 0.05) different. Monolayer values were temperature-dependent with activation energy from 1.36–10.08 MJ/mol and the maize monolayer values exhibited the highest sensitivity to temperature. Heat of sorption was obtained by applying Claussius-Clapeyron equation to the sorption isotherms at the three temperatures. the heat of sorption decreased with an increase in moisture content and an exponential equation was used to describe the relationship. the processing and storage consequences of this information were discussed.
Polymodal Activation and Desensitization of TRPV1 Receptor in Human Odontoblasts-Like Cells with Eugenol

Dentinal hypersensitivity is a frequent reason for dental consultation, and its pathophysiology has not been fully clarified. Previous findings have made it possible to establish a relationship between the cellular sensory capacity and the activation of the polymodal transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), which is responsible for the nociceptive response and whose desensitization could cause analgesia. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the expression, localization, and functional activity of TRPV1 in human odontoblasts-like-cells (hOLCs) and the effect of eugenol (EUG) on its activation and desensitization. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were obtained from third molars and were characterized using flow cytometry, and their differentiation potential toward the osteoblastic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages was investigated. Subsequently, the hDPSCs underwent odontogenic differentiation for 7, 14, and 21 days, and their phenotype (odontogenic markers dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) and dentin sialoprotein (DSP)) was evaluated using immunofluorescence. The TRPV1 gene expression in hOLCs was estimated using RT-qPCR, and its localization was analyzed using immunofluorescence. Half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) from both eugenol (EUG) and capsaicin (CAP) was determined; in addition, receptor activation was evaluated against chemical, thermal, and pH stimuli. For the statistical analysis, a one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05) was used. After establishing the in vitro model of hOLCs and the membrane location of TRPV1, its chemical activation with EUG and CAP was demonstrated, as well as its thermal activation at ≥ 43°C and with an acidic (<6) or basic pH (between 9 and 12). Receptor desensitization was achieved after 20 min of exposure to two concentrations of EUG (603.5 and 1000 µM). These findings represent a stepping-stone for the construction of a pulp pain study model oriented toward a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity.
Redirecting Metabolic Flux towards the Mevalonate Pathway for Enhanced β-Carotene Production in M. circinelloides CBS 277.49

Carotenoids produced by microbial sources are of industrial and medicinal importance due to their antioxidant and anticancer properties. In the current study, optimization of β-carotene production in M. circinelloides strain 277.49 was achieved using response surface methodology (RSM). Cerulenin and ketoconazole were used to inhibit fatty acids and the sterol biosynthesis pathway, respectively, in order to enhance β-carotene production by diverting metabolic pool towards the mevalonate pathway. All three variables used in screening experiments were found to be significant for the production of β-carotene. The synergistic effect of the C/N ratio, cerulenin, and ketoconazole was further evaluated and optimized for superior β-carotene production using central composite design of RSM. Our results found that the synergistic combination of C/N ratios, cerulenin, and ketoconazole at different concentrations affected the β-carotene productions significantly. The optimal production medium (std. order 11) composed of C/N 25, 10 μg/mL cerulenin, and 150 mg/L ketoconazole, producing maximum β-carotene of 4.26 mg/L (0.43 mg/g) which was 157% greater in comparison to unoptimized medium (1.68 mg/L, 0.17 mg/g). So, it was concluded that metabolic flux had been successfully redirected towards the mevalonate pathway for enhanced β-carotene production in CBS 277.49.
Psychometric Properties of the Abdominal Pain Index (API) in the Iranian Adolescent Population

Considering the high prevalence of abdominal pain in children and adolescents in Iran, it is essential to use appropriate screening tools. One of the most comprehensive, yet concise, tools for this purpose is the Abdominal Pain Index (API). This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the self-report API in adolescents. In this descriptive study, A total of 162 Iranian adolescents in the age range of 12 to 18 years were considered as the sample group, which included two groups of school students (n = 125) and adolescent patients with abdominal pain (n = 37). Clinical sample was selected by the available sampling method, and nonclinical sample was selected by the cluster sampling method. Adolescents in the sample group were selected from both clinical and nonclinical groups in order to evaluate differential validity. Instruments, including API, somatic symptoms subscale of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), were also completed for the participants. Also, to evaluate the construct validity of API, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods were applied. The exploratory factor analysis identified one general factor, and the confirmatory factor analysis results show the model's satisfactory fitting. Also, the researchers' hypothesis, i.e., API is a single-factor model (with five items), was approved. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was satisfactory for the total scale (α < 0.7). This study showed that API could be used with considerable confidence for Iranian children and adolescents with chronic pain.
Wickerhamomyces anomalous: A Rare Cause of Fungemia Causing Febrile Neutropenia in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Candida bloodstream infection is the major cause of increased morbidity and mortality (20–49%) in hospitalized patients in both paediatric and adult age groups. Due to the increase in the number of immunocompromised patients, other important species such as Trichosporon asahii and Debaryomyces hansenii are emerging. One such organism, Wickerhamomyces anomalous, previously known as Pichia anomala (teleomorph stages of several Candida species), is increasingly being reported as a cause of fungemia in neonatal intensive care units and is now increasingly being reported in a lot of immunosuppressive conditions such as interstitial lung disease, endocarditis, enteritis, corticosteroids, and chemotherapy uptake. Though this yeast is ubiquitous in nature, systemic infections from isolated cases and sporadic outbreaks with high mortality have been reported in ICUs, which emphasize the importance to consider this fungus within the diagnostic possibilities. Here, we report a case of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) caused by W. anomalus in a leukemic immunosuppressed patient who was successfully treated by early detection and treatment of this emerging fungus.