Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
R-matrix calculation of dielectronic recombination rate coefficients. Application to Li-like Al

The R-matrix method is used to obtain accurate values of energies and autoionisation widths for intermediate resonance states formed during dielectronic recombination processes. Rate coefficients are calculated for the Al10+ ground state, both in the L-S and intermediate coupling schemes. The effect of the fine structure splitting of the core level is studied using quantum defect theory. The relative importance of dielectronic and direct radiative recombination processes in Al10+ plasmas is discussed.
Oromaxillofacial Surgery: Both a Treatment and a Possible Cause of Obstructive Sleep Apnea—A Narrative Review

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic, sleep-related breathing disorder. It is characterized by a nocturnal periodic decrease or complete stop in airflow due to partial or total collapse of the oropharyngeal tract. Surgical treatment of OSA is constantly evolving and improving, especially with the implementation of new technologies, and this is needed because of the very heterogeneous reasons for OSA due to the multiple sites of potential airway obstruction. Moreover, all of these surgical methods have advantages and disadvantages; hence, patients should be approached individually, and surgical therapies should be chosen carefully. Furthermore, while it is well-established that oromaxillofacial surgery (OMFS) provides various surgical modalities for treating OSA both in adults and children, a new aspect is emerging regarding the possibility that some of the surgeries from the OMFS domain are also causing OSA. The latest studies are suggesting that surgical treatment in the head and neck region for causes other than OSA could possibly have a major impact on the emergence of newly developed OSA, and this issue is still very scarcely mentioned in the literature. Both oncology, traumatology, and orthognathic surgeries could be potential risk factors for developing OSA. This is an important subject, and this review will focus on both the possibilities of OMFS treatments for OSA and on the OMFS treatments for other causes that could possibly be triggering OSA.
The Promising Role of Non-Coding RNAs as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Leukemia

Early-stage leukemia identification is crucial for effective disease management and leads to an improvement in the survival of leukemia patients. Approaches based on cutting-edge biomarkers with excellent accuracy in body liquids provide patients with the possibility of early diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. Non-coding RNAs have recently received a great deal of interest as possible biomarkers in leukemia due to their participation in crucial oncogenic processes such as proliferation, differentiation, invasion, apoptosis, and their availability in body fluids. Recent studies have revealed a strong correlation between leukemia and the deregulated non-coding RNAs. On this basis, these RNAs are also great therapeutic targets. Based on these advantages, we tried to review the role of non-coding RNAs in leukemia. Here, the significance of several non-coding RNA types in leukemia is highlighted, and their potential roles as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets are covered.
Remote optical sensing on the nanometer scale with a bowtie aperture nano-antenna on a fiber tip of scanning near-field optical microscopy

Plasmonic nano-antennas have proven the outstanding ability of sensing chemical and physical processes down to the nanometer scale. Sensing is usually achieved within the highly confined optical fields generated resonantly by the nano-antennas, i.e., in contact to the nanostructures. In this paper, we demonstrate the sensing capability of nano-antennas to their larger scale environment, well beyond their plasmonic confinement volume, leading to the concept of “remote” (non contact) sensing on the nanometer scale. On the basis of a bowtie-aperture nano-antenna (BNA) integrated at the apex of a SNOM (Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy) fiber tip, we introduce an ultra-compact, moveable, and background-free optical nanosensor for the remote sensing of a silicon surface (up to distance of 300 nm). Sensitivity of the BNA to its large scale environment is high enough to expect the monitoring and control of the spacing between the nano-antenna and a silicon surface with sub-nanometer accuracy. This work paves the way towards an alternative class of nanopositioning techniques, based on the monitoring of diffraction-free plasmon resonance, that are alternative to nanomechanical and diffraction-limited optical interference-based devices.
Simple good approximations for the special elliptic functions in standard Fowler-Nordheim tunneling theory for a Schottky-Nordheim barrier

The discovery is reported of simple, good approximate formulas for special elliptic functions that appear in the standard theory of Fowler-Nordheim (FN) [Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 119, 173 (1914)] tunneling through an image-rounded Schottky-Nordheim [W. Schottky, Z. Phys. 15, 872 (1923); L. W. Nordheim, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 121, 626 (1928)] barrier and in the standard FN equation. The FN-exponent correction factor v can be written as v(y)≈1−y2+(1∕3)y2lny, where y is the Nordheim parameter. This formula has a respectable mathematical basis, predicts exact values of v(y) to within 0.33% in 0⩽y⩽1, and can be rewritten to give (after nearly 80years) a simple, reliable algebraic formula for the explicit dependence of v on barrier field. Significant consequences are expected.
Plasmons in three-dimensional superconductors

We study the plasma branch of an homogeneous three-dimensional electron gas in an $s$-wave superconducting state. We focus on the regime where the plasma frequency $\omega_p$ is comparable to the gap $\Delta$, which is experimentally realized in cuprates. Although a sum rule guarantees that the departure of the plasma branch always coincides with the plasma frequency, the dispersion and lifetime of the plasmons is strongly affected by the presence of the pair condensate, especially at energies close to the pair-breaking threshold $2\Delta$. When $\omega_p $ is above $1.7\Delta $, the level repulsion is strong enough to give the plasma branch an anomalous, negative dispersion with a minimum at finite wavelength. At non-zero temperature and at $\omega_p>2\Delta$, we treat in a non-perturbative way the coupling of plasmons to the fermionic excitations, and show that a broadened plasma resonance inside the pair-breaking continuum coexists with an undamped solution in the band gap. This resonance splitting is associated with the presence of multiple poles in the analytic continuation of the propagator of the Cooper pairs.
A customized strategy to design intercalation-type Li-free cathodes for all-solid-state batteries

Abstract Pairing Li-free transition-metal-based cathodes (MX) with Li-metal anodes is an emerging trend to overcome the energy-density limitation of current rechargeable Li-ion technology. However, the development of practical Li-free MX cathodes is plagued by the existing notion of low voltage due to the long-term overlooked voltage-tuning/phase-stability competition. Here, we propose a p-type alloying strategy involving three voltage/phase-evolution stages, of which each of the varying trends are quantitated by two improved ligand-field descriptors to balance the above contradiction. Following this, an intercalation-type 2H-V1.75Cr0. 25S4 cathode tuned from layered MX2 family is successfully designed, which possesses an energy density of 554.3 Wh kg−1 at the electrode level accompanied by interfacial compatibility with sulfide solid-state electrolyte. The proposal of this class of materials is expected to break free from scarce or high-cost transition-metal (e.g. Co and Ni) reliance in current commercial cathodes. Our experiments further confirm the voltage and energy-density gains of 2H-V1.75Cr0. 25S4. This strategy is not limited to specific Li-free cathodes and offers a solution to achieve high voltage and phase stability simultaneously.
Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Neuromodulation of a Rodent's Spinal Cord Suppresses Motor Evoked Potentials

Objective: Here we investigate the ability of low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) applied to the spinal cord to modulate the transmission of motor signals. Methods: Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 10, 250–300 g, 15 weeks old) were used in this study. Anesthesia was initially induced with 2% isoflurane carried by oxygen at 4 L/min via a nose cone. Cranial, upper extremity, and lower extremity electrodes were placed. A thoracic laminectomy was performed to expose the spinal cord at the T11 and T12 vertebral levels. A LIUS transducer was coupled to the exposed spinal cord, and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were acquired each minute for either 5- or 10-minutes of sonication. Following the sonication period, the ultrasound was turned off and post-sonication MEPs were acquired for an additional 5 minutes. Results: Hindlimb MEP amplitude significantly decreased during sonication in both the 5- (p < 0.001) and 10-min (p = 0.004) cohorts with a corresponding gradual recovery to baseline. Forelimb MEP amplitude did not demonstrate any statistically significant changes during sonication in either the 5- (p = 0.46) or 10-min (p = 0.80) trials. Conclusion: LIUS applied to the spinal cord suppresses MEP signals caudal to the site of sonication, with recovery of MEPs to baseline after sonication. Significance: LIUS can suppress motor signals in the spinal cord and may be useful in treating movement disorders driven by excessive excitation of spinal neurons.
The Activity and Variability of the Sun and Sun-like Stars. I. Synoptic Ca II H and K Observations

Synoptic measurements of activity in Sun-like stars have been performed continuously since 1966, and the largest set comes from the Mount Wilson HK project, in the form of the well-known S index. We have been monitoring the activity and variability of the Sun and a large sample of Sun-like stars, in terms of S and absolute flux, since 1994 with the Solar-Stellar Spectrograph (SSS) at Lowell Observatory. Directly inspired by the similar long-term program at Mount Wilson Observatory, the SSS incorporates both an HK spectrograph and an echelle for visible and far-red observations. This is the first of three papers presenting the results of some 20,000 observations of the Sun and Sun-like stars with the SSS. In this paper we describe our program, review the calibration of solar and stellar fluxes to S and the chromospheric emission fraction R′HK, compare our derived stellar activity measures to those from other programs, and discuss the broad characteristics of the activity and variability in our target set, with particular attention to good solar analogs and noncycling stars. In subsequent papers we will discuss the echelle data and present detailed examinations of stars of particular interest.
A new deterministic global optimization method for general twice-differentiable constrained nonlinear programming problems

A deterministic global optimization method that is applicable to general nonlinear programming problems composed of twice-differentiable objective and constraint functions is proposed. The method hybridizes the branch-and-bound algorithm and a convex cut function (CCF). For a given subregion, the difference of a convex underestimator that does not need an iterative local optimizer to determine the lower bound of the objective function is generated. If the obtained lower bound is located in an infeasible region, then the CCF is generated for constraints to cut this region. The cutting region generated by the CCF forms a hyperellipsoid and serves as the basis of a discarding rule for the selected subregion. However, the convergence rate decreases as the number of cutting regions increases. To accelerate the convergence rate, an inclusion relation between two hyperellipsoids should be applied in order to reduce the number of cutting regions. It is shown that the two-hyperellipsoid inclusion relation is determined by maximizing a quadratic function over a sphere, which is a special case of a trust region subproblem. The proposed method is applied to twelve nonlinear programming test problems and five engineering design problems. Numerical results show that the proposed method converges in a finite calculation time and produces accurate solutions.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Biological Markers in Lupus Nephritis

Lupus nephritis is known as one of the most serious manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There is increasing interest in identifying biomarkers to predict flare of lupus nephritis (LN). It is hoped that non-invasive markers of renal disease can be used to predict flares and remission of disease. Recently, two promising biological markers, anti C1q autoantibody, and serum prolactin were addressed as diagnostic and prognostic markers for lupus nephritis. Aim of this study wasto determine the diagnostic and prognostic values of anti-C1q antibodies, and prolactin as simple and easy biological markers for lupus nephritistwo years follow up.Patients and Methods; 60 active SLE patients divided into two groups, group 1;30 patients with active nephritis, and group 2; 30active SLE patientswithout nephritis. All the patients subjected to complete history andphysical examination. The demographic, clinical and laboratory variables and the disease activity index (SLEDAI) were analyzed. Patients with lupus nephritis WHO class III, IV or V received glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide for induction of remission. For all the patients, anti C1q, prolactin, anti ds DNA, C3, C4 were measured. Kidney assessment included, urinary sediments, and protein/creatinin ratio, biopsy only for group 1. The length of the follow up was 2 years.Results; the age of the patients, and the duration of the disease were significant higher in-group 1than in group2 (P< 0.001 for both). No significant difference in two groups considering the sex. Prevalence and level of ant C1q, and prolactin were higher in-group 1 than in-group 2 (P<0.001). Both of them were correlated with the renal score activity at the time of sampling, and at the end of the study.Anti ds DNA did not correlated with the renal activity score. Anti C1q had high sensitivity, and accuracy (86.7%, 0.9) than prolactin (50%, 0.7), versus high specificity of prolactin (100 %). Conclusion; anti-C1q antibodies, and prolactin might be valuable serological biomarkers to reflect kidney involvement and to monitor disease activity of LN. [Samia A. Abdo, Maryam A. Abdurrhmanand Naglaa Farouk, and Takwa Badr younes. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Biological Markers in Lupus Nephritis. Life Sci. J. 2012; 9(2S):336-345]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 38
Improvement of chip design to reduce resonances in subgap regime of Josephson junctions

Excess current peaks in the IV curves of SIS Josephson junctions have been observed by some groups [1–3]. These peaks have the shape of a resonance as a function of voltage. The resonances appear in the subgap regime of the junctions and the subgap current (leakage current) is concealed. The positions of the resonances do not change as a magnetic field is applied to the junctions, but their amplitude decreases when the supercurrent is suppressed. We have measured the subgap current of Al/AlOx/Al junctions and we show that these resonances are due to resonant modes in the chip design which are excited by the ac-Josephson effect. We present a chip design that decreases the amplitude of the resonances to a such degree that the subgap current is quantifiable.
Laminar flow behind a two-dimensional grid

The production of a ‘wake’ behind solid bodies has been treated by different authors. S. Goldstein (1) and S. H. Hollingdale (2) have discussed the laminar wake behind a flat plate, while the wake of a two-dimensional grid has been treated for the turbulent case alone using L. Prandtl's ‘Mischungsweg’ theory by E. Anderlik and Gran Olsson (3), (4).
Diurnal Variation of Water Vapor over the Central Tibetan Plateau during Summer.

The diurnal variation of water vapor over the central Tibetan Plateau during summer was investigated using various observational data and a numerical model. A systematic diurnal cycle of the precipitable water was found in the rawinsonde data. That is, the precipitable water decreased during daytime at the valley area, while it increased over the mountain range. This diurnal cycle is most significant in the pre-monsoon season but it is not clear in the middle of the monsoon season. The horizontal distribution of this diurnal cycle was examined by global objective analysis datasets and GMS-5 satellite data, and the results were found to be consistent with the topographic dependence of the diurnal cycle described above. The systematic diurnal cycle of the water vapor amount is interpreted to be caused by water vapor transport due to the thermally-induced circulation over complex terrain. This diurnal cycle of water vapor can be qualitatively simulated by a two-dimensional numerical model. The dominant horizontal scale of topography of the central Tibetan Plateau is 100 to 300 km, which is close to the most effective scale for water vapor transport as predicted by the simple two-dimensional model.
Interpretation of Time Spectra Measured in High‐Intensity Shear Flows

Fisher and Davies have suggested several mechanisms which can prevent the direct interpretation of time spectra as space spectra by the frozen pattern hypothesis. It is shown that, when various criteria such as that of Lin are satisfied, all but one of these mechanisms, the fluctuation of convection velocity, can be disregarded at high frequencies. An analytical model of this mechanism is constructed and several of its properties examined. On the basis of this model, a correction formula is obtained for the high‐frequency part of the one‐dimensional streamwise spectrum. This is applied to experimental data taken in a curved turbulent mixing layer. It is found that even under extreme circumstances corrections from this source are not likely to exceed 30%.
Characterisation and evaluation of wheat genetic resources for heat stress tolerance using stay-green traits

ABSTRACT Context. Post-anthesis heat stress is a major concern for wheat. Stay-green (SG) can serve as a crucial marker for plant adaptation to it. Though genetic resources provide an invaluable gene pool for crop breeding, collections are still uncharacterised and their potential is yet to be explored. Aim. This study was planned to characterise and evaluate wheat genetic resources, including wild germplasm, for heat stress tolerance using SG traits as selection criteria. Methods. Experiment was conducted with thirty wheat genotypes under late and very late sown environments for 2 years. Genotypes were assessed for SG traits like Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Plant Analysis Development Chlorophyll Meter Reading (SCMR), Leaf Senescence Rate (LSR), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), canopy temperature (CT), phenological traits, morphological traits, yield and its attributes; and characterised into three categories viz., slow senescing, intermediate senescing and fast senescing, based on their rate of senescence. Key results. Results indicate that slow-senescing genotypes had a significantly higher NDVI, SCMR and yield as compared to fast-senescing genotypes. NDVI, SCMR, Fv/Fm, days to heading, days to anthesis, days to maturity, grain weight per spike, 100-grain weight and biomass were significantly positively correlated whereas LSR and CT were significantly negatively correlated with grain yield. From the principal component analysis studies, it was revealed that genotypes with a high SCMR, a low LSR, and a high grain yield were placed together as SG genotypes. Conclusions. This study confirms that genotypes with SG traits performed better under heat stress. Implications. From the wild, genotypes HTW 11 (W), HTW 67 (W) and HTW 6 (W) can be utilised for heat tolerance breedings.
Anti-Inflammatory Actions of G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER) and Brain-Derived Estrogen Following Cerebral Ischemia in Ovariectomized Rats

Simple Summary The overall goal of this study was to examine the role of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 signaling in the regulation of the early inflammatory process following global cerebral ischemia. The results of the study reveal that G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 signaling reduces pro-inflammatory signals and enhances anti-inflammatory signals in the brain at early timepoints after global cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, the study shows that brain-derived estrogen helps to mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 signaling. As a whole, the study demonstrates an important role and synergy of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 signaling and brain-derived estrogen in the control of early inflammatory events after global cerebral ischemia. An increased understanding of the early-stage regulation of inflammation after global cerebral ischemia could lead to new and improved therapies to protect the brain from ischemic damage and improve outcomes after global cerebral ischemia. Abstract Global cerebral ischemia can elicit rapid innate neuroprotective mechanisms that protect against delayed neuronal death. Brain-derived 17β-estradiol (BDE2), an endogenous neuroprotectant, is synthesized from testosterone by the enzyme aromatase (Aro) and is upregulated by brain ischemia and inflammation. Our recent study revealed that G1, a specific G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) agonist, exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic roles after global cerebral ischemia (GCI). Herein, we aimed to elucidate whether G1 modulates the early inflammatory process and the potential underlying mechanisms in the ovariectomized rat hippocampal CA1 region. G1 was found to markedly reduce pro-inflammatory (iNOS, MHCII, and CD68) and to enhance anti-inflammatory (CD206, Arginase 1, IL1RA, PPARγ, and BDNF) markers after 1 and 3 days of reperfusion after GCI. Intriguingly, the neuroprotection of G1 was blocked by the Aro inhibitor, letrozole. Conversely, the GPER antagonist, G36, inhibited Aro-BDE2 signaling and exacerbated neuronal damage. As a whole, this work demonstrates a novel anti-inflammatory role of GPER, involving a synergistic mediation with BDE2 during the early stage of GCI.
FAMILIES OF TRANSVERSE POINCARÉ HOMOCLINIC ORBITS IN 2N-DIMENSIONAL HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS CLOSE TO THE SYSTEM WITH A LOOP TO A SADDLE-CENTER

We prove the theorem: if an n-degrees-of-freedom Hamiltonian system has an equilibrium of the saddle-center type (there is a pair of simple eigenvalues ±iω; the rest of the spectrum consists of eigenvalues with nonzero real parts) with a homoclinic orbit to it then this system, and all those close to it, have transversal Poincare homoclinic orbits to Lyapunov periodic orbits if some genericity conditions are satisfied. These conditions are pointed out explicitly. Thus a new criterion of nonintegrability has been obtained.