Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discrepancies between Self- and Clinical Staff Members' Perception of Cognitive Functioning among Patients with Schizophrenia Undergoing Long-Term Hospitalization

In Japan, long-term hospitalization of patients with schizophrenia is still prevalent, even though the focus of psychiatric care is shifting from hospitals to the community. Difficulties in discharge planning often arise because clinical staff members' functional assessment differs from that of patients' self-assessment. Therefore, we attempted to identify characteristics related to these perceptual differences to promote the development of more effective approaches toward the discharge and societal reintegration of patients with schizophrenia undergoing prolonged hospitalization. Forty-eight long-term inpatients (23 men and 25 women with a mean age of 60.72 years) with schizophrenia were examined using the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale Japanese version (SCoRS-J), Life Skills Profile (LSP), and Profile of Mood States- (POMS-) Brief Form. Differences between patients' self-ratings and clinical staff members' ratings on the SCoRS-J were used to divide patients into overestimators, underestimators, and accurate raters. These groups were then comparatively analyzed. Accordingly, overestimators displayed significantly severe cognitive dysfunction on the SCoRS-J objective ratings (p = .001) and significantly less difficulty on the SCoRS-J subjective ratings (p = .002) as compared to underestimators. Overestimators also scored significantly lower on the communication (p = .012) and responsibility (p = .021) LSP subscales compared to underestimators, and the total LSP score for overestimators was significantly lower compared to accurate raters (p = .036) and underestimators (p = .009). However, underestimators displayed significantly higher confusion on the titular POMS subscale than did overestimators (p = .021). These findings indicate that, among the three groups, overestimators scored lowest for objectively rated functioning. In contrast, underestimators attained the highest functioning; however, they were also confused. Clinical staff should examine how patients' self-perceptions deviate from the perceptions of staff and implement an appropriate approach considering the patient characteristics revealed from the results of this study.
Factors Associated with Daily Completion Rates in a Smartphone-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Objectives Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods are known to have validity for capturing momentary changes in variables over time. However, data quality relies on the completion rates, which are influenced by both participants' characteristics and study designs. This study applied an EMA method using a mobile application to assess momentary moods and stress levels in patients with Moyamoya disease to examine variables associated with EMA completion rates. Methods Adults with Moyamoya disease were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Seoul. Patients with cognitive impairment were excluded. The EMA survey was loaded as a mobile application onto the participants' personal smartphones. Notifications were sent at semi-random intervals four times a day for seven consecutive days. Daily completion rates were calculated as the percentage of completed responses per day; overall completion rates were calculated as the proportion of completed responses per total of the 28 scheduled measures in the study and assessed through a descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis, with mixed modeling to identify the point at which the daily completion rate significantly decreased. Results A total of 98 participants responded (mean age, 41.00 ± 10.30 years; 69.4% female; 75.5% married). The overall completion rate was 70.66%, with no gender or age differences found. The daily completion rate decreased significantly after day 5 (p = 0.029). Conclusions Obtaining a good completion rate is essential for quality data in EMA methods. Strategic approaches to a study design should be established to encourage participants throughout a study to improve completion rates.
High sensitivity of a keystone forage fish to elevated CO2 and temperature

Abstract Sand lances of the genus Ammodytes are keystone forage fish in coastal ecosystems across the northern hemisphere. Because they directly support populations of higher trophic organisms such as whales, seabirds or tuna, the current lack of empirical data and, therefore, understanding about the climate sensitivity of sand lances represent a serious knowledge gap. Sand lances could be particularly susceptible to ocean warming and acidification because, in contrast to other tested fish species, they reproduce during boreal winter months, and their offspring develop slowly under relatively low and stable pCO2 conditions. Over the course of 2 years, we conducted factorial pCO2 × temperature exposure experiments on offspring of the northern sand lance Ammodytes dubius, a key forage species on the northwest Atlantic shelf. Wild, spawning-ripe adults were collected from Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (Cape Cod, USA), and fertilized embryos were reared at three pCO2 conditions (400, 1000 and 2100 μatm) crossed with three temperatures (5, 7 and 10 ˚C). Exposure to future pCO2 conditions consistently resulted in severely reduced embryo survival. Sensitivity to elevated pCO2 was highest at 10 ˚C, resulting in up to an 89% reduction in hatching success between control and predicted end-of-century pCO2 conditions. Moreover, elevated pCO2 conditions delayed hatching, reduced remaining endogenous energy reserves at hatch and reduced embryonic growth. Our results suggest that the northern sand lance is exceptionally CO2-sensitive compared to other fish species. Whether other sand lance species with similar life history characteristics are equally CO2-sensitive is currently unknown. But the possibility is a conservation concern, because many boreal shelf ecosystems rely on sand lances and might therefore be more vulnerable to climate change than currently recognized. Our findings indicate that life history, spawning habitat, phenology and developmental rates mediate the divergent early life CO2 sensitivities among fish species.
Cone Structure Persists Beyond Margins of Short-Wavelength Autofluorescence in Choroideremia

Purpose We studied the relationship between structure and function of the choriocapillaris (CC), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and photoreceptors in patients with choroideremia (CHM). Methods Six CHM patients (12 eyes) and four normal subjects (six eyes) were studied with fundus-guided microperimetry, confocal and nonconfocal adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO), near-infrared and color fundus photos, short wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-AF), and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and angiography (SS-OCTA) images. Cone spacing was represented using Z-scores (standard deviations from the mean at that eccentricity). CC flow voids were defined using a threshold of 1 SD below the normal mean. Results Cone spacing Z-scores were not significantly correlated with distance from the borders of preserved RPE, determined using either the SS-OCT or SW-AF scans. Cone spacing Z-scores were significantly correlated with CC flow voids and retinal sensitivity. Flow voids were abnormal in regions of preserved RPE and increased progressively from within −2° of the preserved area to +2° beyond the border. Visual sensitivity decreased as CC flow voids increased approaching and beyond the border of preserved structure. Conclusions In CHM, cone spacing Z-scores correlated with CC flow voids, and were negatively correlated with retinal sensitivity, suggesting cone degeneration accompanied reduced CC perfusion. Functional cones were found outside the presumed borders of preserved outer-retina/RPE as defined by SW-AF, but not outside the borders determined by SS-OCT. The use of SW-AF to identify the border of preserved structures may underestimate regions with cells that may be amenable to treatment.
Association of autoimmune diseases with celiac disease and its risk factors

Objectives: Autoimmune Diseases (AIDs) are detected in celiac patients. Our purpose was to determine the AIDs that are associated with celiac disease and related risk factors in the Turkish population. Methods: The study included 230 celiac patients who were diagnosed and followed-up in our clinics between 2015-2019. All AIDs that accompanied the celiac disease were recorded, and their association with risk factors was analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 35.6±10.6 years (age range:18-72). A total of 58(25.2%) patients were male and the mean age at onset of disease was 29.1±6.5 years. The duration of disease follow-up was 6.5±4.6 years. One hundred and twenty two (53%) patients were on a strict diet, and 72(31.3%) patients had accompanying AID. Hashimoto thyroiditis was found in 39(17%) patients, asthma in 16(7%) patients as the most common comorbidities. There was a significant relation between AID and female gender, age of diagnosis being <40 years, duration of disease, non-GIS symptoms at the time of admission, and non-employment status. Conclusion: Screening other AIDs in celiac patients are important, especially in individuals who have risk factors. Considering that many AIDs may develop in the future despite dietary compliance, patients should be followed with a multidisciplinary approach.
Is There a Correlation between Severity of Melasma and Quality of Life?

BACKGROUND: Melasma is a common chronic acquired hyper melanosis. It has significant impacts on appearance, psychosocial and emotional distress, hence reducing the quality of life of the affected patients. Melasma quality of life scale (MelasQoL) is a new quality of life (QoL) questionnaire consists of 10 questions, scored from 1 to 7, with higher index scores indicating poor QoL. The severity of melasma can be assessed by the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) score. AIM: We aimed to determine the correlation between the severity of melasma (MASI score) and quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analytic study involving 30 subjects with melasma. The diagnosis was made based on history, clinical features and by Wood’s lamp examination. MASI score was determined to assess the severity of melasma. Subjects answered 10 items of MelasQol questionnaire. All collected data were processed and statistically analysed by Spearman correlation test to determine the association of MASI score with MelasQoL. Association of quality of life with clinical pattern and depth of lesion were analysed by Mann Whitney test. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between MASI score and MelasQoL (p = 0.797; r = 0.049). Likewise, there was no association of quality of life with clinical pattern type (p = 0.12) and depth of lesion (p = 0.92). CONCLUSION: There was no significant correlation between the MASI score and quality of life.
Magnetic resonance evaluation of knee osteoarthritis among the Saudi Population

Background and Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent worldwide joint degenerative disorder with high morbidities and disabilities. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in Arar by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: The prevalence of KOA was studied in Arar through MRI evaluation of randomly chosen sample from patients and their relatives attending the Prince Abdul Aziz Bin Mussad Hospital from October 2015 to November 2016. Results: A total of 410 participants were enrolled in the study [328 (80%) male and 82 (20%) females]. After MRI, 163 participants [39.75% (95% CI) = 35.14 - 44.57%)] were diagnosed with KOA. The prevalence of OA was about 25.6% (95% CI = 20.8 - 31.1%) below the age of 40 years, which was found to increase by age in the enrolled volunteers. KOA prevalence was higher in females than males (75.6% and 27.7% respectively). There was a significant association between the age and genders of the participants and the prevalence of OA (p-value < 0.0001 for both variables). There was also a significant association between the age and gender of the participants and the MRI-estimated grading (p-value < 0.0001 and 0.0044 respectively). Conclusion: KOA is a common disease among Arar young population, especially females. Its prevalence increases by age with higher grades of severity affecting the elderly.
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Everolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation in Japanese Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: Five-Year Real-World Data from the Tokyo-MD PCI Study

Background The long-term safety of first-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was controversial. Purpose The purpose of this study was to establish 5-year real-world data regarding the long-term efficacy and safety of second-generation DES in Japanese patients with ACS. Methods The Tokyo-MD PCI study is a multicenter, observational cohort study enrolling consecutive patients who underwent everolimus-eluting stent (EES) implantation. The 5-year clinical events were compared between the ACS group (n = 644) and the stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) group (n = 1255). The primary efficacy endpoint was ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR), and the primary safety endpoint was the composite of all-cause death or myocardial infarction (MI). Results The median follow-up duration was 5.4 years. The cumulative incidence of ischemia-driven TLR was similar between ACS and SCAD (1 year: 3.0% versus 2.7%; P=0.682, 1–5 years: 2.7% versus 2.9%; P=0.864). The cumulative incidence of all-cause death or MI within 1 year was significantly higher in ACS than in SCAD (7.4% versus 3.8%; P < 0.001); however, ACS did not increase the risk of all-cause death or MI after adjusting confounders (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.260; 95% confidence interval, 0.774–2.053; P=0.352). From 1 to 5 years, the cumulative incidence of all-cause death or MI was not significantly different between ACS and SCAD (11.6% versus 11.4%; P=0.706). The cumulative incidence of very late stent thrombosis was low and similar between ACS and SCAD (0.2% versus 0.2%; P=0.942). Conclusion This real-world registry suggested that EES has comparable long-term efficacy and safety in patients with ACS and SCAD.
ERα Signaling Increased IL-17A Production in Th17 Cells by Upregulating IL-23R Expression, Mitochondrial Respiration, and Proliferation

Women have increased prevalence of Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases, including lupus and multiple sclerosis, and severe asthma. While estradiol and progesterone increased IL-17A production in Th17 cells by inhibiting Let7f miRNA expression and increasing IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) expression, it remained unclear how estrogen signaling through the canonical nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor α (ERα) and/or ERβ, regulated this pathway. We hypothesized that estrogen signaling through ERα increased IL-23R expression and IL-17A production from Th17 cells. To test this hypothesis, naïve T cells from WT female, WT male, Esr1−/− and Esr2−/− female mice were differentiated into Th17 cells. IL-17A production and IL-23R expression were significantly increased in Th17 cells from WT female mice compared to Th17 cells from WT male mice. Deletion of ERα (Esr1−/−), but not ERβ (Esr2−/−), significantly decreased IL-17A production and IL-23R expression in Th17 cells by limiting IL-23R expression in a Let-7f dependent manner. ERα deficiency also decreased Th17 cell proliferation as well as decreased T cell metabolism as measured by ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate and proton leakage. Further, we found that Cox20 expression, a protein involved in mitochondrial respiration through assembly of cytochrome c oxidase in the electron transport chain, was increased in Th17 cells from WT female mice compared to Th17 cells from WT male and Esr1−/− female mice. Inhibition of Cox20 decreased IL-17 production in Th17 cells from WT female mice. Combined these studies showed that ERα signaling increased IL-17A production in Th17 cells by upregulating IL-23R expression and promoting mitochondrial respiration and proliferation.
Genome-Wide Comparisons of Mutations Induced by Carbon-Ion Beam and Gamma-Rays Irradiation in Rice via Resequencing Multiple Mutants

Physical mutagens, such as carbon-ion beams (CIBs) and gamma rays (GRs), induce mutations with high frequency at a relatively low dose and are more user-friendly and environment-friendly in mutation breeding. Previous studies showed that CIBs induced large sized deletions and insertions, and chromosomal rearrangements, whereas GRs induce shorter deletions and insertions, and more frequent base substitutions. However, the difference on the genomic level between CIB- and GR-induced mutations remains to be clarified. In the present study, we re-sequence six mutagenized lines derived from CIB irradiation and four mutagenized lines derived from GRs. A total of 283 and 381 variations are induced in these mutants by CIBs and GRs, respectively, including single base substitutions (SBSs), small insertion and deletions (InDels), multiple nucleotide variants (MNVs). SBSs are the most abundant type of mutation and single base transition is the main form for SBSs. CIB-induced InDels accounted for 25.44% of the total variations, while GR-induced InDels accounted for 17.85%. On the contrary, the frequency of MNVs induced by GRs was approximately 2.19 times that induced by CIBs, which indicates CIBs induced increased InDels, whereas GRs induced increased MNVs. Notably, multiple base deletions (≥5 bp) were induced at a much higher frequency by CIBs than by GRs. We also find mutations induced by CIBs and GRs are unevenly distributed on chromosomes. Unusual high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) mutation regions are discovered by analyzing mutations per 1Mb along the genome. The mutation frequency within the HF regions were significantly higher than the LF regions (P < 0.05). A large majority of SBSs, InDels, and MNVs induced by CIBs and GRs occurred in upstream and downstream regions. Our study compares difference of mutation profiles induced by the CIB irradiation and GR on rice genomes, and give some clues for understanding the mutagenesis mechanism of physical radiation and improving the mutagenesis efficiency.
MiR-409-5p as a Regulator of Neurite Growth Is Down Regulated in APP/PS1 Murine Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease. Recent studies suggest that miRNA expression changes are associated with the development of AD. Our previous study showed that the expression level of miR-409-5p was stably downregulated in the early stage of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice model of AD. We now report that miR-409-5p impairs neurite outgrowth, decreases neuronal viability, and accelerates the progression of Aβ1–42-induced pathologies. In this study, we found that Aβ1–42 peptide significantly decreased the expression of miR-409-5p, which was consistent with the expression profile of miR-409-5p in the APP/PS1 mice cortexes. Plek was confirmed to be a potential regulatory target of miR-409-5p by luciferase assay and Western blotting. Overexpression of miR-409-5p has an obvious neurotoxicity in neuronal cell viability and differentiation, whereas Plek overexpression could partially rescue neurite outgrowth from this toxicity. Some cytoskeleton regulatory proteins have been found to be related to AD pathogenesis. Our data show some clues that cytoskeletal reorganization may play roles in AD pathology. The early downregulation of miR-409-5p in AD progression might be a self-protective reaction to alleviate the synaptic damage induced by Aβ, which may be used as a potential early biomarker of AD.
Neural Field Theory of Corticothalamic Attention With Control System Analysis

Neural field theory is used to analyze attention by extending an existing model of the large-scale activity in the corticothalamic system to incorporate local feedbacks that modulate the gains of neural connectivity as part of the response to incoming stimuli. Treatment of both activity changes and connectivity changes as part of a generalized response enables generalized linear transfer functions of the combined response to be derived. These are then analyzed and interpreted via control theory in terms of stimulus-driven changes in system resonances that were recently shown to implement data filtering and prediction of the inputs. Using simple visual stimuli as a test case, it is shown that the gain response can implement attention by evaluating two main features of the stimuli: the magnitude and the rate of change, by increasing the weight placed on the rate of change in response to sudden changes, while reducing the contribution of stimuli value in tandem. These changes of filter parameters are shown to improve the prediction of the upcoming stimuli based on its recent time course. This outcome is analogous to controller-parameter tuning for performance enhancement in engineering control theory.
Chronic failure in primary care

Overview Ineffective management of heart disease, asthma, diabetes and other chronic diseases costs the Australian health system more than $320 million each year in avoidable hospital admissions. At best, our primary care system provides only half the recommended care for many chronic conditions. Only a quarter of the nearly one million Australians diagnosed with type 2 diabetes get the monitoring and treatment recommended for their condition. Each year there are more than a quarter of a million admissions to hospital for health problems that potentially could have been prevented. Yet each year the government spends at least $1 billion on planning, coordinating and reviewing chronic disease management and encouraging good practice in primary care. Three quarters of Australians over the age of 65 have at least one chronic condition that puts them at risk of serious complications and premature death. Social, economic and environmental changes are the best way to prevent these diseases. But there are much better outcomes where good quality primary care services are in place. Our primary care system is not working anywhere near as well as it should because the way we pay for and organise services goes against what we know works. The role of GPs is vital, but the focus must move away from fee-for-service payments for one-off visits. A broader payment for integrated treatment would help to focus care on patients and long-term outcomes. Primary Health Networks should be given more responsibility for local primary care services. The evidence shows that a consistent, coordinated approach to specific diseases helps primary care more effectively prevent and manage chronic conditions. In regional areas, clear targets and well-designed incentives for disease prevention are vital. Simple reforms can reduce the burden on Australian hospitals, and make patients healthier for longer.