Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Objective Bayesian analysis of spatial data with measurement error

The author shows how geostatistical data that contain measurement errors can be analyzed objectively by a Bayesian approach using Gaussian random fields. He proposes a reference prior and two versions of Jeffreys' prior for the model parameters. He studies the propriety and the existence of moments for the resulting posteriors. He also establishes the existence of the mean and variance of the predictive distributions based on these default priors. His reference prior derives from a representation of the integrated likelihood that is particularly convenient for computation and analysis. He further shows that these default priors are not very sensitive to some aspects of the design and model, and that they have good frequentist properties. Finally, he uses a data set of carbon/nitrogen ratios from an agricultural field to illustrate his approach.
Characteristic length scale for strain fields around impurity cations in perovskites

Lattice parameters have been determined from high-resolution neutron-powder diffraction data collected as a function of temperature for perovskites in the Pr1−xLaxAlO3 solid solution in order to determine the influence of La doping on the Imma↔C2/m transition temperature, Tc∗. A plateau in Tc∗ at ∼150 K extends to x≈0.016±0.002, followed by a linear reduction with increasing LaAlO3 content. The plateau is interpreted in terms of a saturation effect such that there is a composition limit below which the strain fields surrounding individual La3+ ions are isolated in the PrAlO3 matrix and above which they overlap. On this basis the strain fields are estimated to have diameters of ∼16–18 A, which appears to be a characteristic length scale for structural relaxation around dopant atoms and other types of local clusters in oxide perovskites.
Threat analysis model to control IoT network routing attacks through deep learning approach

Most of the recent research has focused on the Internet of Things (IoT) and its applications. The open interface and network connectivity of the interconnected systems under the IoT network make them vulnerable to hackers. A model has been proposed to identify and classify IoT routing attacks. To generate IoT routing datasets, the Cooja simulator is used at first. The IoT routing dataset is then augmented into larger volumes using ADASYN, which is also used to solve the class imbalance problems. A deep learning hybrid model based on a Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network and adaptive Mayfly Optimization Algorithm (LAMOA) was presented for the classification of IoT attacks. The adaptive MOA adjusts the weights in the various layers of the LSTM network and the Fully Connected Layer with SoftMax Classification. As part of the validation process, the proposed model was also compared with benchmark datasets NSL-KDD, BoT-IoT, and IoT-23. Using benchmark datasets, LAMOA achieved 99.94% accuracy for multiclassifications, 99.92% accuracy for binary classifications, and 98.42% accuracy for real-time datasets. Compared to other models, our proposed model significantly improves the accuracy of each attack's classification by 5–10%. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Cosmic ray modulation in high and middle latitudes during solar cycles 22 and 23

Galactic cosmic rays are modulated in the heliosphere primarily by the global merged interaction regions with intense magnetic fields, which leads to a decrease in galactic cosmic rays throughout the heliosphere. Using long-term averages of solar wind (SW) component parameters in addition to cosmic ray count rates of four neutron monitors with different rigidity cutoffs, we analyzed the effect of these SW components on the count rates under different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) disturbance levels. From first-order partial correlation, we found that the IMF-B was the most dominant modulating parameter, especially during quiet conditions and the SW dynamic pressure was more effective during disturbed conditions. The influence of more subtle parameters like wind speed, Bz component, and proton density were masked by these dominant parameters: IMF total B, and SW dynamic pressure.
Genetic Diversity and Structure in a Spanish Grape Germplasm Collection Assessed by SSR Markers

Background and Aims. Vitis vinifera L. is a major global horticulture crop which holds historical connections contributing to the development of human culture. The main objective of the study was to explore the genetic diversity and structure of grapes curated at the germplasm bank of Aragón and link them to cultivar utilization, putative geographic origin, and historical events. Methods and Results. The genetic diversity of the 411 accessions of the Grapevine Germplasm Bank was assessed using 26 SSR markers. SSR markers VVIP31, VMC4F3-1, VVIV67, and VVS2 distinguished the 156 nonredundant genotypes found in the collection. The profiles were compared to the El Encin database, and 105 were identified as known cultivars, of which 93 were Spanish, 12 were from other European origins, and 51 others were not known. The 51 profiles, as they were all collected in Spain, were designated as Spanish unknown for further analysis. To establish a comparative study for principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and structure, we kept 113 identified genotypes from this collection but added 61 representative genotypes with diverse European and oriental origins. Bayesian analysis and PCoA showed four distinct groups of grape cultivars: (1) traditional Spanish wine grape from Aragón or cultivated along the Ebro River, (2) Spanish wine grape, (3) Spanish and oriental table grape, and (4) Italian, Portuguese, French, and German-Slovenian wine grape varieties. Conclusions. The 51 unknown Spanish genotypes were not registered yet in any European commercial list and are of special interest. These genotypes could be ancient cultivars adapted to local climatic and environmental conditions and probably resilient to face the new conditions derived from climate change.
Postglitch behavior of the Crab pulsar : evidence for external torque variations

It is shown that the persistent offset in the spin-down rate of the Crab pulsar following the 1975 glitch is difficult to explain by the usually assumed dynamic coupling between the crust and the superfluid interior. One explanation of the observed behavior is an increase in the external torque caused by a rearrangement of the stellar magnetic field
Low-luminosity radio sources in early-type galaxies

Les observations VLA de 116 galaxies elliptiques et spirales proches sont presentees. Un echantillon de 248 galaxies E et SO, incluant 114 des galaxies observees, est analyse pour determiner la fonction de luminosite radio. La structure des radiosources etendues de ces galaxies est etudiee
Optical transmission and reflection of PdHx thin films

Transmission and reflection data (0.5-5 eV) for 300 AA PdHx thin films (x=0.65, 0.85 and 0.92), hydrogenated under high-pressure conditions are presented and compared with similar data for pure palladium before and after hydrogen desorption. The main difference in transmission data consists of a pronounced peak around 1 eV in the transmission of PdHx compared with the structureless continuously increasing transmission in pure palladium. This confirms the theoretical expectation of Khan and Riedinger (1982) that the inter-band absorption edge in PdH occurs at about 1 eV. The reflectivity data were measurable for PdH0.65 only; samples with higher hydrogen contents (x=0.85 and x=0.92) exhibit a reflectivity below 0.5%, which is thus not quantitatively measurable by the method applied. This high reduction in the reflectivity cannot be explained by the increase in surface roughness only. A possible contribution from hydrogen itself is briefly discussed.
Effect of Child Overweight/Obesity Didactic Session on Resident Confidence and Detection

Objective. To evaluate the impact of an obesity didactic session for pediatric physicians on confidence in counseling and identified overweight/obesity and follow-up recommendations. Methods. Pediatric residents underwent training and completed pre/post online surveys evaluating confidence in obesity prevention and identification. A booster training occurred 1 year later. Pre-/post-training scores were compared using χ2 or Fisher’s exact tests. Electronic medical records data for patients ≥3 years with BMI-for-age percentile ≥85 during 3 months prior/following the training/booster compared frequency of overweight/obesity identification and follow-up recommendations (≤3 months recommended vs longer) using logistic regression adjusting for age and overweight/obese status. Results. Post trainings, improvements in confidence to define/screen for obesity were observed, with a decline between trainings. Overweight/obese identification and follow-up time recommendations improved post-training (identification: 14.2% to 27.4%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54-6.51; follow-up: 48.9% to 58.9%, aOR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.01-2.64), aOR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.10-2.85, and identification remained stable/above pre-training rates both pre-/post-booster (25.8%, aOR = 3.14, 95% CI = 1.53-6.45; and 22.1%, aOR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.25-5.30, respectively). Recommended follow-up time rates continued to rise when measured pre-booster (60.6%, aOR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.10-2.85), then declined (46.0%, aOR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.60-1.52). Conclusion. This didactic session improved resident confidence in defining/screening, identification of overweight/obesity and follow-up recommendations; however, rates of identification remained low. The successes of this intervention support similar didactic sessions in residency programs and identifies opportunities for improved resident/attending education.
Atomic processes in the LPP and LA-DPP EUV sources

We investigate characteristic feature of the atomic radiation from tin plasmas, which allow one to obtain high power EUV emission at λ=13.5nm efficiently. We develop a collisional radiative model of tin ions to calculate steady-state and time dependent ion abundance, level population, and coefficients of radiative transfer of the plasma. The model, which is based atomic data calculated using the Hullac code is refined both theoretically and experimentally. Calculation of the spectral emissivity and opacity are carried out over a wide range of plasma density and temperature, and pumping conditions to obtain high conversion efficiency are discussed.
The effects of a collaborative argumentation intervention on Chinese students’ socioscientific issues decision-making

Abstract This study investigates the effect of group collaborative argumentation on the quality of decision-making on waste incineration of socioscientific issues (SSI). To achieve this, fifty-nine high school students engaged with a lecture-style class that did not use any argumentation activities. They then completed an individual survey aimed at examining individual decision-making, as the pre-test. The participants then received a two-week pedagogical intervention of collaborative argumentation, after which they completed the same survey again, as the post-test. The results showed that, after the argumentation intervention, students made more statements that considered ethical issues and policies. In addition, students defended their positions with more in-depth analysis supported by sufficient and scientific evidence. These findings reveal that argumentation facilitates students’ growth in interdisciplinary thinking and improves the quality of their decision-making on the SSI. Implication was group argumentation will be of great value to the more widespread implementation of the SSI curriculum.
Subwavelength metallic coaxial waveguides in the optical range: Role of the plasmonic modes

A theoretical investigation is presented of the mode propagation and attenuation in a nanometric coaxial waveguide in real metal. By a rapid comparison with other structures, it is established that a coaxial waveguide has propagative modes with very interesting properties: the cutoff wavelengths are very large, they become larger when a perfectly electric conductor is replaced by gold or silver (real metal), and they can be increased when the outer and inner radii are very close one to other. By studying dispersion curves and field structures, it is shown that surface plasmon modes are responsible for these properties. By simply changing the geometrical parameters of the structure, a very large effective index and very low group velocities could be obtained. We also establish that, in spite of the metal losses, a reasonable large propagation length could be obtained (50 µm) which should allow applications for guiding light in nano-optics.
Effect of Carbonyl Cyanide M-chlorophenylhydrazone on Ciprofloxacin Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Hospital-acquired Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Antibiotic resistant and biofilm forming uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae are rising. This study was conducted to evaluate the efflux pump and plasmid mediated efflux genes in ciprofloxacin (CIP) resistant hospital acquired uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Also, to assess the anti-biofilm action of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Uropathogenic E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from Mansoura University Hospitals in Mansoura, Egypt. The effect of Sub- minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CCCP on CIP MIC was evaluated and the MIC decrease factor (MDF) was calculated. The presence of oqxAB and qepA genes was detected by PCR. The effect CCCP on biofilm was detected in strong biofilm formers. 56 and 47 CIP-resistant uropathogenic E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates respectively were detected. Significant MDF by CCCP was observed in 55.3% of these isolates. The qepA gene was only present in E. coli. However, oqxAB genes were found only in K. pneumoniae. Biofilm formation was detected in 58.9% and 72.3% of CIP-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. Biofilm formation was significantly decreased by CCCP. According to these findings, CIP resistance and plasmid-mediated efflux pumps in uropathogenic E. coli and K. pneumoniae are of rising concern. Efflux pump inhibitor CCCP represents a possible option to decrease the biofilm formation in these resistant urinary pathogens.
A review on Arctic sea‐ice predictability and prediction on seasonal to decadal time‐scales

Sea ice plays a crucial role in the Earth's energy and water budget and has a substantial impact on local and remote atmospheric and oceanic circulations. Predictions of Arctic sea‐ice conditions a few months to a few years in advance could be of interest for stakeholders. This article presents a review of the potential sources of Arctic sea‐ice predictability on these time‐scales. Predictability mainly originates from persistence or advection of sea‐ice anomalies, interactions with the ocean and atmosphere and changes in radiative forcing. After estimating the inherent potential predictability limit with state‐of‐the‐art models, current sea‐ice forecast systems are described, together with their performance. Finally, some challenges and issues in sea‐ice forecasting are presented, along with suggestions for future research priorities.
Drop size distribution measured by imaging: determination of the measurement volume by the calibration of the point spread function

Measurement of drop size distributions in a spray depends on the definition of the control volume for drop counting. For image-based techniques, this implies the definition of a depth-of-field (DOF) criterion. A sizing procedure based on an imaging model and associated with a calibration procedure is presented. Relations between image parameters and object properties are used to provide a measure of the size of the droplets, whatever the distance from the in-focus plane. A DOF criterion independent of the size of the drops and based on the determination of the width of the point spread function (PSF) is proposed. It allows to extend the measurement volume to defocused droplets and, due to the calibration of the PSF, to clearly define the depth of the measurement volume. Calibrated opaque discs, calibrated pinholes and an optical edge are used for this calibration. A comparison of the technique with a phase Doppler particle analyser and a laser diffraction granulometer is performed on an application to an industrial spray. Good agreement is found between the techniques when particular care is given to the sampling of droplets. The determination of the measurement volume is used to determine the drop concentration in the spray and the maximum drop concentration that imaging can support.
PREDICTION‐FOCUSED MODEL SELECTION FOR AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS

In order to make predictions of future values of a time series, one needs to specify a forecasting model. A popular choice is an autoregressive time‐series model, for which the order of the model is chosen by an information criterion. We propose an extension of the focused information criterion (FIC) for model‐order selection, with emphasis on a high predictive accuracy (i.e. the mean squared forecast error is low). We obtain theoretical results and illustrate by means of a simulation study and some real data examples that the FIC is a valid alternative to the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for selection of a prediction model. We also illustrate the possibility of using the FIC for purposes other than forecasting, and explore its use in an extended model.
Generating Systematic Supersaturated Designs

Practitioners are routinely faced with distinguishing between factors that have real effects and those whose apparent effects are due to random error. When there are many factors, the usual advice given is to run so-called main-effect designs (Resolution III designs in the orthogonal case), that require at least k + 1 runs for investigating k factors. This may be wasteful, however, if the goal is only to detect those active factors. This is particularly true when the number of factors is large. In such situations, a supersaturated design can often save considerable cost. A supersaturated design is a (fraction of a factorial) design composed of n observations where n < k + 1. When such a design is used, the abandonment of orthogonality is inevitable. This article examines the maximum number of factors that can be accommodated when the degree of the nonorthogonality is specified. Furthermore, interesting properties of systematic supersaturated designs are revealed. For example, such a design may be adequate.
The activated partial thromboplastin time‐clot waveform analysis in hemophilia: Does it help in differentiation?

The clot waveform analysis (CWA) provide valuable information beyond clotting time. The present study was planned to assess whether the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)‐CWA can differentiate between hemophilia A (HA), hemophilia B (HB), or hemophilia A with inhibitors (HAWI).
Exploring the Effect of Cash Bonuses on Employees’ Innovativeness and Creativity in the Nigerian Banking Sector

Employees’ performance is a major concern of organizational leaders, especially those in the human resources department. This paper, therefore, examined the effect of cash bonuses on employees’ innovativeness and creativity in deposit money banks in Nigeria. A self-administered questionnaire was used to source data from a sample of 364 employees working in various categories of nine (9) selected deposit money banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypothesis. The results indicated that cash bonuses have a significant effect on employees’ innovativeness and creativity in deposit money banks in Lagos State, Nigeria (β = 0.701, t = 27.902, p < 0.05). This finding implied that cash bonuses are an essential driver of employees’ innovativeness and creativity in the Nigerian banking industry. The study recommended that the management of deposit money banks in Nigeria manage their organizational reward system to ensure better employee performance. Finally, the study’s limitations include that the sample used in this study only involved nine deposit money banks in Lagos State. Future research should include other banks in the sector. Moreover, future studies should include additional reward system variables that were not included in the present study.
Dynamics in the turbulent wake of a curved circular cylinder

Understanding the physics of turbulent wakes is an essential, yet complex task in the study of turbulent flows. In the present paper we investigate the flow past a curved body of circular cross-section. The inflow velocity is aligned with the curvature of the cylinder and directed towards its convex face. We conduct direct numerical simulations at a Reynolds number of 3900 in order to obtain a fully turbulent wake. The instantaneous vortical structures reveal that the primary vortices are roughly aligned with the curved axis. Despite the presence of isolated splitting events in the frequency of the vortex shedding, there is one single shedding frequency that dominates this process. Velocity time-traces confirm that the shear layers exhibit intermittency, which is manifested as large amplitude fluctuations. The intensity of these instabilities is increased by the secondary flow along the recirculation region, thereby influencing the dynamics of the near wake. Several spots of zero mean velocity reside next to the baseline within the recirculation region, displacing the back-flow region further downstream. It is suggested that this displacement is induced by the secondary flow, in combination with the symmetry boundary condition imposed at the top plane.
Faraday rotation in the VLBI core of BL Lacertae

External Faraday rotation has been detected in both the core and the parsec-scale jet of BL Lac in a four-frequency very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiment. This unexpected result indicates the presence of significant amounts of thermal gas close to the nucleus of this object. The rotation measure (RM) in the jet components is constant, and differs from the currently accepted Galactic RM, indicating that this value (−205 rad m−2) is not applicable to the components in the parsec-scale jet. The similarity of the RM in these jet components leads us to suspect that the jet RM is caused by a foreground screen in our Galaxy, although we cannot rule out a combination of Galactic RM and RM local to the jet. If the jet RM is due solely to the Galaxy, this would mean that the currently accepted value of the foreground RM (−205 rad m−2) is not correct, either because the value changed between 1982 and 1997, or because the assumption of no intrinsic source rotation was incorrect, as it was at our later epoch of observation. Our observations suggest a value of . After correcting for the foreground RM, the core value is −427 rad m−2, which is unexpected since, owing to the weakness of their line emission, BL Lac objects are often assumed to be depleted in gas. The core RM appears to be variable, probably because of the presence of at least two polarized components close to the core the relative contributions of which vary with time.
Turbulent Boundary-Layer Separation in Front of aForward-Facing Step

A review of experiments concerned with the description of the steady flowfield produced by the separation of a turbulent boundary layer ahead of a forward-facing step is presented. The Mach number is restricted to the supersonic range and only two-dimensional flows are investigated. The dependence of the induced pressure field at the wall on Reynolds number, Mach number, and step height is considered. It is shown that the pressure rise in the separation region expressed in normalized form is independent of Mach number and Reynolds number and that the scale for the separation phenomena is the boundary-layer thickness. In addition, it was found that the plateau pressure rise is independent of Reynolds number for the turbulent regime and that the induced side force increases linearly with Mach number.