Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
You Only Look at One: Category-Level Object Representations for Pose Estimation From a Single Example

In order to meaningfully interact with the world, robot manipulators must be able to interpret objects they encounter. A critical aspect of this interpretation is pose estimation: inferring quantities that describe the position and orientation of an object in 3D space. Most existing approaches to pose estimation make limiting assumptions, often working only for specific, known object instances, or at best generalising to an object category using large pose-labelled datasets. In this work, we present a method for achieving category-level pose estimation by inspection of just a single object from a desired category. We show that we can subsequently perform accurate pose estimation for unseen objects from an inspected category, and considerably outperform prior work by exploiting multi-view correspondences. We demonstrate that our method runs in real-time, enabling a robot manipulator equipped with an RGBD sensor to perform online 6D pose estimation for novel objects. Finally, we showcase our method in a continual learning setting, with a robot able to determine whether objects belong to known categories, and if not, use active perception to produce a one-shot category representation for subsequent pose estimation.
Enhancement and spectral shift of optical gain in semiconductors from non-Markovian intraband relaxation

We will investigate some aspects of the phenomenological treatment of transition (line shape) and level broadening arising from phase and energy relaxation of Bloch states, respectively. Calculating the absorption/gain via the spontaneous emission formula and performing the broadening within the latter circumvents certain artifacts for both level and transition broadening. When using k-independent relaxation times, Gaussian (non-Markovian) broadening functions are superior to Lorentzian (Markovian) ones. In contrast to transition broadening, level broadening may even enhance the gain over its whole spectral width. In contrast to Lorentzian transition broadening, Gaussian transition broadening yields a blue shift of the gain maximum. The direction and magnitude of the spectral shift arising from Gaussian level broadening depends on the degree of degeneracy of the electron and hole bands involved. The level broadening can have a significant influence on the carrier statistics, which, consequently, has to be included into a consistent treatment. Thus, the phenomenological model functions depend distinctly on which kind of relaxation process is faster, energy or phase relaxation. For GaAs-like semiconductors, the application of transition broadening-even when using the spontaneous emission formula-to cases of dominant intraband relaxation yields significant numerical deviations from the correct treatment of level broadening. Broadening the energy levels requires an additional convolution integration. We will present an approximation, which yields excellent results for the gain in GaAs-like semiconductors. This enables one to include the significant effects of level broadening without increasing the numerical effort and leads to favorable formulae for experimental data fitting and device modeling.
VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM AND ITS OUTCOME IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS AT A TER- TIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF KARACHI

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) was once considered a rare finding in pediatric population but it has been increasing with recent advances in medical care and technology to diagnose it. This study was conducted to determine the clinical presentation, associated factors and outcome of VTE in hospitalized children in a tertiary care children hospital of Karachi. This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at National Institute of Child Health, Karachi from December 2020 to January 2022. All patients hospitalized with VTE or who were diagnosed to have DVT while at hospital were included in study. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, medical history and laboratory workup was recorded in a semi-structured proforma. Patients were managed by treating physicians as per hospital protocol. Treatment details were recorded along with outcome. A Total of 36 children were diagnosed with VTE. Nine (25%) patients were admitted with clinical features suggestive of DVT while remaining 27 (75%) developed DVT during hospital stay. Median hospital stay of those who developed DVT at hospital was 15 days (IQR 10-30days). Infectious etiology (n=21, 58.3%) was the most common admitting diagnosis followed by central nervous system disorders (n=4, 11.1%). Common clinical features among VTE children were fever, seizures and edema of limbs. Prolonged hospital stay with immobilization and central venous catheterization particularly due to infectious etiology are common factors among children who develop VTE and such patients need to be considered for VTE prophylaxis and treatment.
Negative linear compressibility from rotating rigid units

The possibility of achieving the anomalous property of negative linear compressibility through a mechanism involving the rotations of rigid units is presented and discussed through analytical modelling. It is shown that some rotating rigid units with particular geometric features and connectivities will expand rather than contract in certain directions when a hydrostatic pressure is applied. The conditions required for this anomalous property to be achieved via rotations are elucidated in terms of specific geometric and structural requirements as well as their Poisson's ratio and stiffness properties.
Stability of the milling process

A new technique for determining the stability conditions of delayed differential equations with time-periodic coefficient is presented. The method is based on a special kind of approximation of the delayed term. As a practical application, the stability of the milling process with respect to the technological parameters is analysed, and an unstable zone in the domain of high cutting speed is shown.
Two Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey and Sloan Digital Sky Survey Galaxy Group Density Profiles

We have analyzed the distribution of galaxies in groups identified in the largest redshift surveys available at present: the final release of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey and the first release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our work comprises the study of the galaxy density profiles and the fraction of galaxies per spectral type as a function of the groupcentric distance. We have calculated the projected galaxy density profiles of galaxy groups using composite samples in order to increase the statistical significance of the results. Special care has been taken in order to avoid possible biases in the group identification and the construction of the projected galaxy density profile estimator. The results show that the projected galaxy density profiles obtained for both redshift surveys are in agreement with a projected Navarro, Frenk, and White prediction in the range 0.15 < r/r200 < 1, whereas a good fit for the measured profiles in the whole range of r/r200 is given by a projected King profile. We have adopted a generalized King profile to fit the measured projected density profiles per spectral type. In order to infer the three-dimensional galaxy density profiles, we deproject the two-dimensional density profiles using a deprojection method similar to that developed by Allen and Fabian. From two-dimensional and three-dimensional galaxy density profiles, we have estimated the corresponding galaxy fractions per spectral type. The two-dimensional fraction of galaxies computed using the projected profiles shows a similar segregation of galaxy spectral types as that obtained by Domínguez and coworkers for groups in the early data release of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey. As expected, the trends obtained for the three-dimensional galaxy fractions show steeper slopes than those observed in the two-dimensional fractions.
Joint reliability-importance of two edges in an undirected network

Joint reliability importance (JRI) of two edges in an undirected network is introduced. Concepts of joint failure importance (JFI) and marginal failure importance (MFI), duals of JRI and marginal reliability importance (MRI), are also introduced. The JRI of two edges in an undirected network is represented by the MRI of each edge in subnetworks. Relationships between JRI and MRI, JRI and JFI, and JFI and MFI are presented. From these relationships, it is shown that the JRI is an appropriate quantitative measure of the interactions of two edges in a network, with respect to source-to-terminal reliability. It can also show that the sign of the JRI of two edges can be determined without computing the JRI of these two edges in some special cases. >
Trade and the Location of Two Industries: A Two-Factor Model

We study a two-country two-factor model with free entry and monopolistic competition. There are two industries employing immobile labor as fixed input and mobile capital as marginal input. Firms cannot move across countries, but only move across industries within a country. The two industries can differ in three aspects: factor intensities, transport costs and demand elasticities. The two countries are identical except for size. The production specialization and trade pattern are the results of the interaction of two effects: the market access effect and the wage differential effect.
Simulation of Heat Transfer and System Behavior in a Supercritical CO2 Based Thermosyphon: Effect of Pipe Diameter

This paper deals with the natural convective circulation thermosyphon with supercritical CO 2 flow. New heat transport model aiming at supercritical thermosyphon heat transfer and stability is proposed and numerically studied. Two-dimensional rectangular natural circulation loop model is set up and the effect of pipe diameter is systematically analyzed. Finite volume method is used to solve the conservative equations with supercritical turbulence model incorporated. It is found that supercritical CO 2 thermosyphon can achieve high Reynolds flow as 104―105 even temperature differences between source and sink is small. Stabilized flow is found for larger pipe diameter group due to the developed flow field and enhanced heat transfer. Heat transport at cooler side can be enhanced at higher operating temperature and be critical for the stabilization of the supercritical thermosyphon. Correlations of flow and heat transfer are reexamined and good agreements with classical reports are also obtained in the present study.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE RADON-WIGNER AND FRACTIONAL FOURIER TRANSFORMS

Two recently described transforms are shown to be related. The Radon–Wigner transform is the squared modulus of the fractional Fourier transform. This new theorem may serve to translate signal and image processing results between different signal representations. Some consequences regarding moments are presented, including a new fractional-Fourier-transform uncertainty relation. Implications for processing are suggested.
Enhancing linear regularization to treat large noise

Abstract For solving linear ill-posed problems with noisy data, regularization methods are required. In this paper we study regularization under general noise assumptions containing large noise and small noise as special cases. We derive order optimal error bounds for an extended Tikhonov regularization by using some pre-smoothing. This accompanies recent results by the same authors, Regularization under general noise assumptions, Inverse Problems 27:3, 035016, 2011.
The statistical analysis of a random, moving surface

The following statistical properties are derived for a random, moving, Gaussian surface: (1) the probability distribution of the surface elevation and of the magnitude and orientation of the gradient; (2) the average number of zero-crossings per unit distance along a line in an arbitrary direction; (3) the average length of the contours per unit area, and the distribution of their direction; (4) the average density of maxima and minima per unit area of the surface, and the average density of specular points (i.e, points where the two components of gradient take given values); (5) the probability distribution of the velocities of zero-crossings along a given line; (6) the probability distribution of the velocities of contours and of specular points; (7) the probability distribution of the envelope and phase angle, and hence (8) when the spectrum is narrow, the probability distribution of the heights of maxima and minima and the distribution of the intervals between successive zero-crossings along an arbitrary line. All the results are expressed in terms of the two-dimensional energy spectrum of the surface, and are found to involve the moments of the spectrum up to a finite order only. (1), (3), (4), (5) and (6) are discussed in detail for the special case of a narrow spectrum. The converse problem is also studied and solved: given certain statistical properties of the surface, to find a convergent sequence of approximations to the energy spectrum. The problems arise in connexion with the statistical analysis of the sea surface. (More detailed summaries are given at the beginning of each part of the paper.)
^99mTc-Labeled, Colistin Encapsulated, Theranostic Liposomes for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection

Infectious diseases are still the major issue not only due to antibiotic resistance but also causing deaths if not diagnosed at early-stages. Different approaches including nanosized drug delivery systems and theranostics are researched to overcome antibiotic resistance, decrease the side effects of antibiotics, improve the treatment response, and early diagnose. Therefore, in the present study, nanosized, radiolabeled with ^99mTc, colistin encapsulated, neutral and cationic liposome formulations were prepared as the theranostic agent for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Liposomes exhibited appropriate physicochemical properties thanks to their nano-particle size (between 173 and 217 nm), neutral zeta potential value (about − 6.5 and 2.8 mV), as well as encapsulation efficiency of about 75%. All liposome formulations were radiolabeled with over 90% efficiency, and the concentration of stannous chloride was found as 1 mg.mL^−1 to obtain maximum radiolabeling efficiency. In alamar blue analysis, neutral liposome formulations were found more biocompatible compared with the cationic formulations. Neutral colistin encapsulated liposomes were found to be more effective against P. aeruginosa strain according to their time-dependent antibacterial effect, in addition to their highest bacterial binding capacity. As conclusion, theranostic, nanosized, colistin encapsulated, neutral liposome formulations were found as promising agents for the imaging and treating of P. aeruginosa infections.
On Theories with a Combinatorial Definition of "Equivalence"

The name "combinatorial theory" is often given to branches of mathematics in which the central concept is an equivalence relation defined by means of certain "allowed transformations" or "moves. " A class of objects is given, and it is declared of certain pairs of them that one is obtained from the other by a "move"; and two objects are regarded as "equivalent" if, and only if, one is obtainable from the other by a series of moves. For example, in the theory of free groups the objects are words made from an alphabet a, b, , a-, b', and a move is the insertion or removal of a consecutive pair of letters xx-l or x-lx. In combinatorial topology the objects are complexes, and the allowed moves are "breaking an edge" by the insertion of a new vertex, or the reverse of this process. ' In Church's "conversion calculus"2 the rules II and III are ''moves" of this kind. In many such theories the moves fall naturally into two classes, which may be called "positive" and "negative. " Thus in the free group the cancelling of a pair of letters may be called a positive move, the insertion negative; in topology the breaking of an edge, in the conversion calculus the application of Rule II (elimination of a X), may be taken as the positive moves. In theories that have this dichotomy it is always important to discover whether there is what may be called a "theorem of confluence," namely, whether if A and B are "equivalent" it follows that there exists a third object, C, derivable both from A and from B by positive moves only. A closely connected problem is the search for "endforms," or "normal forms," i.e. objects which admit no positive move. It is obvious that in a theory in which the confluence theorem holds no equivalence class can contain more than one end-form, but there remains the question whether in such a class any random series of positive moves must terminate at the end-form, or whether infinite series of moves may also exist. The purpose of this paper is to make a start on a general theory of "sets of moves" by obtaining some conditions under which the answers to both the above questions are favorable. The results are essentially about "partially-ordered" systems, i.e. sets in which there is a transitive relation >, and sufficient conditions are given for every two elements to have a lower bound (i.e. for the set to be "directed") if it is known that every two "sufficiently near" elements have a lower bound. What further conditions are required for the existence of a greatest lower bound is not relevant to the present purpose, and is reserved for a later discussion.
Norm Inequalities for Ultraspherical and Hankel Conjugate Functions

The notion of conjugate functions associated with ultraspherical expansions and their continuous analogues, the Hankel transforms, was introduced by Muckenhoupt and Stein [14], to which we refer the reader for general background and an excellent discussion of the motivation underlying these notions. The operation of passing from a given function to its conjugate is in many ways analogous to the passage from a function to its Hilbert transform, indeed, Muckenhoupt and Stein proved, among other things, that these operations acting on appropriate weighted Lebesgue spaces, Lp(𝝁), satisfy inequalities of M. Riesz type analogous to those satisfied by the Hilbert transform on the usual Lebesgue spaces, Lv( — ∞, ∞).
Local and Synoptic Environments Associated with Freezing Rain in the Contiguous United States

Abstract Local and synoptic conditions associated with freezing-rain events in the continental United States, as well as the temporal and spatial variability of these conditions, have been documented for the period 1976–90. It had been postulated that the characteristics of the thermodynamic stratification observed during freezing rain would be similar regardless of geographical location. However, through hypothesis testing, it was found that some interregional variability exists in the magnitude of various sounding parameters that the authors felt characterized the important aspects of the thermodynamic profile of freezing-rain environments. This variability seems to be related not only to local effects resulting from terrain variations and nearby water sources, but also from regional differences in synoptic-scale atmospheric environments favorable for freezing rain. These results suggest that freezing-rain forecast techniques, which rely on critical parameters derived for specific geographical locations.
Differential evolution for the optimisation of multi-band white LED light sources

This paper joins the quest for a white-light source based on mixtures of multiple narrow-band light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with the spectrum optimised for high radiant luminous efficacy and good colour-rendering properties. The complexity of the optimisation process increases with the number of LEDs used to create the white-light source. This paper describes an effective approach for mixing narrow-band LED spectra based on differential evolution, a simple and easy to use direct search method. Two MATLAB programs are designed allowing optimisation using the colour-rendering index and colour quality scale systems. Optimal theoretical solutions for four-LED and six-LED mixtures are analysed.
Simple model of reduced electric field in ambipolar regime of dc discharge positive column in hydrogen

We studied the positive column of the dc discharge through analytical modeling. We considered the ambipolar regime when the balance of charged particles is determined only by direct ionization of molecules by electrons and ambipolar escape of them to the discharge chamber walls. The approximation chosen permitted us to solve the balance equation and to obtain simple formulas for the reduced electric field. Our calculation data for the positive column in hydrogen agree well with experimental and theoretical data of other authors.
Visual and Statistical Comparisons of Surface Modeling Techniques for Point-based Environmental Data

Existing studies on spatial interpolation tend to overplay statistical perspective, paying little attention the locality and the visual performance of generated surface models. In an attempt to bridge these gaps in literatures, the authors compared the performance of five surface modelling methods, using a set of integrative criteria including absolute and relative statistical accuracy, visual pleasantness and faithfulness of generated surface models, sensitivity to changing sample size and search conditions, and computational intensity. The modeling methods used were: inverse distance, kriging, linear triangulation, minimum curvature, and radial basis functions. Because terrain relief is one of few environmental attributes whose continuous surfaces can be directly observed through appropriate procedures, we used as input data two sets of elevation points sampled irregularly from a USGS 1:24,000 topographical map covering a hilly area. We found that surface modeling methods, even if statistically accurate, may not always ensure a graphically faithful representation of the reality. The surprising result of this study was that the surface models generated from a larger sample were less statistically accurate than those generated from a smaller sample.
Ni0.6Zn0.4O Synthesised via a Solid-State Method for Promoting Hydrogen Sorption from MgH2

Magnesium hydrides (MgH2) have drawn a lot of interest as a promising hydrogen storage material option due to their good reversibility and high hydrogen storage capacity (7.60 wt.%). However, the high hydrogen desorption temperature (more than 400 °C) and slow sorption kinetics of MgH2 are the main obstacles to its practical use. In this research, nickel zinc oxide (Ni0.6Zn0.4O) was synthesized via the solid-state method and doped into MgH2 to overcome the drawbacks of MgH2. The onset desorption temperature of the MgH2–10 wt. % Ni0.6Zn0. 4O sample was reduced to 285 °C, 133 °C, and 56 °C lower than that of pure MgH2 and milled MgH2, respectively. Furthermore, at 250 °C, the MgH2–10 wt. % Ni0.6Zn0. 4O sample could absorb 6.50 wt. % of H2 and desorbed 2.20 wt. % of H2 at 300 °C within 1 h. With the addition of 10 wt. % of Ni0.6Zn0. 4O, the activation energy of MgH2 dropped from 133 kJ/mol to 97 kJ/mol. The morphology of the samples also demonstrated that the particle size is smaller compared with undoped samples. It is believed that in situ forms of NiO, ZnO, and MgO had good catalytic effects on MgH2, significantly reducing the activation energy and onset desorption temperature while improving the sorption kinetics of MgH2.
Reverberation mapping of active galactic nuclei

Reverberation mapping is a proven technique that is used to measure the size of the broad emission-line region and central black hole mass in active galactic nuclei. More ambitious reverberation mapping programs that are well within the capabilities of Hubble Space Telescope could allow us to determine the nature and flow of line-emitting gas in active nuclei and to assess accurately the systematic uncertainties in reverberation-based black hole mass measurements.