Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review of Literature on Teaching English Vocabularies Through Games to Young Language Learners

In the last two decades, learning English has become a popular activity in Iran (Sadeghi & Richards, 2015). There has been a remarkable increase in the number of private language schools in the country. In Iran, interest in English has risen due to the status of the language as a lingua franca and its necessity for technical, scientific, and economic developments. Meanwhile, vocabulary is deemed as one of the most crucial aspects of learning a language. Currently, vocabularies are taught through traditional methods; therefore, young learners lose their interest over time. This paper aims to substantiate that games are profoundly effective in teaching vocabularies and affect young learners’ motivation and engagement with the language. This paper presents a review of literature on teaching English vocabularies through games to young English language learners in Iran. It discusses the practical instructions of games and how games could be taught more effectively. It describes the suitability and implication of games and how they should be selected and implemented by teachers. Three games are introduced for teaching vocabularies and followed by a discussion on the inherent challenges of teaching vocabularies through games.
Genome Analysis of the Enterococcus faecium Entfac.YE Prophage

Background: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Bacteriophages are widely distributed in various environments. The prevalence of bacteriophages in water sources, especially wastewaters, is naturally high. These viruses affect evolution of most bacterial species. Bacteriophages are able to integrate their genomes into the chromosomes of their hosts as prophages and hence transfer resistance genes to the bacterial genomes. Enterococci are commensal bacteria that show high resistance to common antibiotics. For example, prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci has increased within the last decades. Methods: Enterococcal isolates were isolated from clinical samples and morphological, phenotypical, biochemical, and molecular methods were used to identify and confirm their identity. Bacteriophages extracted from water sources were then applied to isolated Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium). In the next step, the bacterial genome was completely sequenced and the existing prophage genome in the bacterial genome was analyzed. Results: In this study, E. faecium EntfacYE was isolated from a clinical sample. The EntfacYE genome was analyzed and 88 prophage genes were identified. The prophage content included four housekeeping genes, 29 genes in the group of genes related to replication and regulation, 25 genes in the group of genes related to structure and packaging, and four genes belonging to the group of genes associated with lysis. Moreover, 26 genes were identified with unknown functions. Conclusion: In conclusion, genome analysis of prophages can lead to a better understanding of their roles in the rapid evolution of bacteria.
Auto and Cross Correlation Measurements in a Turbine Cascade Using a Digital Correlator

A simple technique has been developed which samples the dynamic image plane information of a schlieren system using a digital correlator. Measurements have been made in the passages and in the wakes of transonic turbine blades in a linear cascade. The wind tunnel runs continuously and has independently variable Reynolds and Mach number. As expected, strongly correlated vortices were found in the wake and trailing edge region at 50 KHz. Although these are strongly coherent we show that there is only limited cross-correlation from wake to wake over a Mach no. range M = 0.5 to 1.25 and variation of Reynolds number from 3 × 105 to 106. The trailing edge fluctuation cross correlations were extended both upstream and downstream and preliminary measurements indicate that this technique can be used to obtain information on wake velocity. The vortex frequency has also been measured over the same Mach number range for two different cascades. The results have been compared with high speed schlieren photographs.Copyright © 1982 by ASME
HVAC CFD Analysis of Air Flow and Temperature Distribution Inside Passenger Compartment

The thermal environment and air quality in a passenger car can affect driver's and passengers' health, performance and comfort. Due to spatial and temporal variation of state variables and boundary conditions in the vehicle cabin, the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) does not have to be designed to provide a uniform environment. This are due to individual differences regarding to physiological and psychological response, clothing insulation, activity, air temperature and air movement preference. Experimental study in vehicle HVAC system can be very costly to be conducted. In order to analyze the air flow and temperature distribution in passengers compartment, a numerical simulation was used in this study to analyze the air flow and temperature distribution of HVAC unit inside Proton Exora passengers compartment, with the air blower speed and air temperature used as parameter, to evaluate the airflow behavior and temperature distribution in the compartment. The simulation data obtained is then compared to the experimental data, showing good agreement between these two methods.
Factors Leading to Secondary School Dropout In Bangladesh: The Challenges to Meet the Sdg’s Targets

Bangladesh is regarded as a success story for rapid economic development and changes in social indicators that have taken place in the last couple of decades. Enrolment in education, especially women's education, has reached a desirable level. However, the dropout rate in secondary education is still a concern, which has not been reduced to the desired level. This research aims to understand better the undisclosed causes of dropout at secondary level schools. The primary data were collected from 790 former secondary school level students and 1580 parents/guardians, enabling in-depth and systematic analysis of the issue. The method used in this study is quantitative with logit analysis. The study results showed that students’ perceptions on education, working experience, low socio-demographic status (SDS), family size, total number of siblings, food deficit, distance of the school, bullied by peers/teachers have a significant effect on increasing the probability of dropping out of school. Contrariwise, parents’ academic support, NGO membership of family members, mobility to the local power structure, and government’s social safety net programmes support are significant variables to reduce the probability of dropping out. The research reveals that financial problems are severely engaged to increase the dropout rate, and non-financial factors together aggressively play a catastrophic role and lead the academic life of the dropout student towards the end. The study suggests authorities for rapid response to reduce dropout, which leads Bangladesh to achieve SDGs targets and eventually become an upper middle-income country by 2041. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 47(2): 173-190, December 2021
Reverse Flow Plume Interference Wind Tunnel Testing For CEV Launch Abort System (LAS)

A wind tunnel test was conducted to provide experimental data to calibrate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) estimates of aerodynamics of a missile with large solid rocket motors with reverse flow nozzles. The test was conducted in the Boeing Poly-sonic Wind Tunnel (PSWT) . It was designed to provide data to calibrate the CFD predictions and to evaluate scaling laws for design of subscale wind tunnel tests representing the aerodynamic interference induced by secondary jet plumes. To meet the CFD calibration objective, wide variations in configuration elements and flow conditions were tested. To meet scaling law evaluations objectives, several different secondary gases and mass flow rates were employed to simulate variations in plume flow properties.
Estimating cation exchange capacity and clay content from agricultural soil testing data

Clay content and the ability to reversibly retain cations affect many essential chemical and physical properties of soil, such as pH buffering and carbon sequestration. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation are also commonly used as criteria in soil classification. However, determination of CEC and particle-size distribution is laborious and not included in routine soil testing. In this study, pedotransfer functions including soil test cations (STCat; Ca2+ + Mg2+ + K+), pH and soil organic carbon (SOC, %) as explanatory variables were developed for estimating CEC, titratable acidity (TA; H+ + Al3+) and clay content (clay, %). In addition, reference values for potential CEC and its components were determined for Finnish mineral and organic soils. The mean of potential CEC extracted by 1 M ammonium acetate at pH 7.0 ranged from 14 (range 6.4−25) in coarse soils to 33 (21−45) cmol(+) kg-1 in heavy clay soils, and from 42 (24−82) in mull soils to 77 (25−138) cmol(+) kg-1 in peat soils. The average CEC of clay and SOC were 27 and 160 cmol(+) kg-1, respectively. Titratable acidity occupied 53% and around 40% of the CEC sites in organic and mineral soils, respectively, evidencing that it is a prominent component of the potential CEC in these predominantly acidic soils. STCat, pH and SOC explained 96% of the variation in potential CEC. STCat and pH can be used in estimating the clay content especially for soils containing over 30% clay. In coarse textured soils, in contrast, SOC hampers the STCat based estimation of clay content.
Dadirri: Reflections on a Research Methodology Used to Build Trust between a Non-Indigenous Researcher and Indigenous Participants

This article reflects on a methodology employed in a PhD research project that set out to investigate sport career transition (SCT) experiences of elite Indigenous Australian sportsmen. The research was necessary as little is known about the transition of this cohort to a life after sport, or their experiences of retirement. A key problem within the SCT paradigm is a presumption that an end to elite sport requires a process of adjustment that is common to all sportspeople—a rather narrow perspective that fails to acknowledge the situational complexity and socio-cultural diversity of elite athletes. With such a range of personal circumstances, it is reasonable to suppose that athletes from different cultural groups will have different individual SCT needs. The researcher is non-Indigenous and mature aged: she encountered a number of challenges in her efforts to understand Indigenous culture and its important sensitivities, and to build trust with the Indigenous male participants she interviewed. An Indigenous methodology known as Dadirri, which emphasises deep and respectful listening, guided the development of the research design. Consistent with previous studies conducted by non-Indigenous researchers, an open-ended and conversational approach to interviewing Indigenous respondents was developed. The objective was for the voices of the athletes to be heard, allowing the collection of rich data based on the participants’ perspectives about SCT. An overview of the findings is presented, illustrating that Indigenous athletes’ experience SCT in complex and distinctive ways. The article provides a model for non-Indigenous researchers to conduct qualitative research with Indigenous people.
Perception of Firefighters on Risk of Exposure to Respiratory Health Hazard: A Qualitative Analysis in Malaysia

Firefighters are exposed to multiple occupational hazards, where one of the hazards is chemical hazard that can affect the respiratory system. However, little is known regarding the perception of firefighters on the source of exposure to respiratory hazards, particularly in Malaysia. This work aims to explore the firefighter’s perspective on respiratory hazard exposure and to examine the compliance of the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). In-depth interviews were employed among 12 firefighters at Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia in September 2020. The interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and of thematic analysis done via the NVIVO 12 programme. All participants were Malay, male, and married. The respiratory hazard exposure perceived can be divided into occupational source (e.g. exposure to smoke from firefighting, fire training, firefight demonstration, commuting, firefight vehicles: chemicals and dust) and non-occupational source (e.g. smoking). Firefighter recognised both the importance of wearing PPE and the fact they are still not compliant in wearing it. They also perceived wearing PPE as burden and having only a limited stock of PPE. Education and training need to be reinforced to strengthen firefighters’ risk perception, hazard identification, and risk assessment of hazards exposure. Strict standard operating procedure (SOP) and supervision during firefighters’ task is crucial to reduce hazard exposure and increase PPE compliance. Systematic and thorough inventory management is needed to ensure adequate PPE supply. Post qualitative analysis, the firefighters’ perception on respiratory hazard exposure was obtained, demonstrating that the analysis is ready for further study.
Fatal cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana mimicking tuberculous brain abscess.

Introduction Cladophialophora bantiana, a neurotropic phaeoid fungus, is the primary agent of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis. The disease more commonly affects immunocompetent males and is associated with a high mortality rate. Case report We report a case of brain abscess caused by Cladophialophora bantiana in a 50-year-old immunocompetent male who presented with headache for two months, weakness of both lower limbs for 15 days, and altered sensorium and aphasia for one day. Contrast-enhanced MRI of the brain showed multiple coalescent abscesses in the right basal ganglia and corpus callosum. Based on clinical and radiological suspicion of tuberculoma, treatment with antitubercular drugs was initiated. A month after discharge, the patient was re-admitted with history of loss of consciousness, altered sensorium, respiratory distress and aphasia. Brain CECT revealed multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the right basal ganglia with mass effect and a leftward midline shift. The patient underwent craniotomy and evacuation of abscess. Direct microscopy of pus aspirated from the lesions showed pigmented septate fungal hyphae, which was identified as C. bantiana in fungal culture. The patient was administered intravenous liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole. However, he died due to multiple organ failure on day 19 after surgery. Conclusions Fungal etiology should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracranial space occupying lesions, regardless of the host immune status. An early diagnosis, together with aggressive medical and neurosurgical interventions are imperative for improving the survival in such patients.
Twitter Voices: Twitter Users’ Sentiments and Emotions About COVID-19 Vaccination within the United States

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has negatively impacted society as a whole. Vaccination became the only reliable solution to overcome the severity of this pandemic. A critical factor to achieve an adequate vaccination coverage is by improving public confidence in immunization. Social media plays an important role in reflecting public perception towards certain topics, such as COVID-19 vaccination. This study aims to evaluate U.S. Twitter users ’ sentiments and emotions towards COVID-19 vaccination, and the changes experienced before and after vaccine rollout. Methods: COVID-19 vaccine related tweets were collected from Twitter ’ s Application Programming Interface. We analyzed tweets from March 11, 2020, to May 17, 2021, and divide them into two groups; before and after the first vaccine was implemented in the U.S. Sentiment analysis, negative binomial regression and linear regression models were used for inferential analysis. Results: A total of 19,654 tweets were extracted. From those, 10,374 and 9,280 tweets were posted before and after COVID-19 vaccine was launched in U.S., respectively. A statistically significant difference was evidenced between the two groups when comparing each individual emotion, and positive and negative sentiments, except for joy. Lastly, a statistically significant increase of the sentiment score in the post COVID-19 vaccine group compared to the pre COVID-19 vaccine group was evidenced. Conclusion: Our findings evidenced that public perception of the COVID-19 vaccine has positively changed over time and suggest that the terms “ trials ” and “ vaccination ” , which were associated to trust, could potentially be used to create targeted educational and promotional schemes to achieve a better vaccination coverage rate.
Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis among the population of southern Kyrgyzstan - A cross-sectional observational study

Introduction and Aim: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by diminished bone strength that increases the risk of fracture in instances of trivial trauma. The objective was to conduct ultrasound bone densitometry in different age groups (18-60 years and older) in southern Kyrgyzstan, to identify and study the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study a total of 1200 participants were included, where 580 men and 620 women were aged between 18-60 years and older. Based on the age, the participants were divided into three groups. Bone mineral density in participants was measured using a SONOST-3000 densitometer model. The study was conducted among the population of the Osh and Jalal-Abad regions. Results: Among the population of Osh state in the first group, normal values were found in 65.0%, osteopenia in 26.0%, and osteoporosis in 9.0% of participants. In the second group, values were significantly higher than in the first group. In the third age group, values exceeded significantly compared to the first and second groups. Similar data were obtained from the population of Jalal-Abad state, but a significant difference was found in the elderly people group with a higher percentage of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Conclusion: The results showed the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in participants of different age categories of Osh and Jalal-Abad states, and especially in the elderly. Depending on the gender distribution, the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in our study is significantly higher in women than in men.
Rapid decay of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in infection-naïve healthcare workers four months after vaccination.

Since December 2019 humanity worldwide has faced one of the worse pandemics of the modern world caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). One of the major structural proteins, abundantly expressed on the SARS-CoV-2 surface, is the spike (S) glycoprotein which mediates the virus invasion into the host cell and represents an important target for antibody production. The S1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein and its receptor binding domain (RBD) were widely used in the serological assays developed for research and diagnostic purposes during this pandemic. Serological tests are easy to perform and represent an efficient tool to assess antibody response post-infection and after vaccination. Specific antibodies are produced by the B cells of the immune system as a response to antigens. 1First, IgM antibodies are produced, which are
ROAD MORTALITY ON TWO SECONDARY ROADS NEAR ABRĂMUŢ LOCALITY, WESTERN ROMANIA: EFFECTS OF YEAR PERIOD AND ROAD SURROUNDING HABITATS

On two local roads situated near Abrămuţ locality in western Romania we studied in the year 2017 the effect of the seasons and the roads` surrounding habitats upon the fauna road mortality. We analyzed both road-killed invertebrates and vertebrates in three seasons (spring, summer and autumn) and on two road segments of the same length, bordered with different habitat types, and situated at only few kilometers from each other. One of the road segments was surrounded with a forest and the other with agricultural terrains. Totally, on the two roads 571 animals were killed by cars, from which 555 were invertebrates and only 16 vertebrates. The number of taxons and the victims` diversity were higher on the road near the forest in each season. In spring and summer the individuals` number was higher near the forest, but in autumn the individuals` number was higher on the road surrounded by agricultural terrains because of the high number of road-killed Heteroptera Pyrrhocoridae. On the road bordered with the forest animals related to humid forested areas were killed, including protected amphibian species. On the road surrounded by agricultural terrains common and generalist animals were killed, but also animals, like bees, attracted by the blooming culture plants. These results clearly indicate the negative effect of the road traffic upon the native fauna, especially on the road bordered with forests, in contrast to the road that crosses agricultural terrains, a fact that should be taken into account when upgrading or constructing new roads.
Immunological (NK-cells, CD3, CD4 and CD8) and Non-Immunological (Lung Hyperinflation and Hyperventilation) and Hormonal; (Hydrocortisone) Effects of Large vs Small Tidal Volume Ventilation as a Lung Protective Strategy during General Anaesthesia

The lung can be injured by positive pressure ventilation. Mechanical stretch triggers a pro-inflammatory response within the first 2 hours in healthy animal models. The benefit of Lung Protective Ventilation (LPV) with low Tidal Volumes (VT), usually 6 mL/kg Predicted Body Weight (PBW), has been strongly beneficial for patients with acute lung injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ALI/ ARDS). There is a concern of the potential injurious role of ventilatory over-distention in patients without lung injury.
Circulating MicroRNA 181a As Biomarker In Breast Cancer, Its Impact On Survival and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transformation

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the world’s most common cancer among women; recent studies have reported that micro RNA 181a may play a significant role in oncogenesis and metastasis through epigenetic post-transcriptional gene regulation. Aim of this study: the detection of miRNA-181a circulating level in females with different stages of breast cancer and to search its role in metastasis through enhancing epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) process as well as its impact on survival. Subjects and Methods: The current research involved 70 women with various stages of breast cancer. Thirty sufferers with metastatic disease and forty sufferers with non-metastatic disease were enrolled in the study. A control group of 20 healthy people was selected. We used qRT PCR to detect miRNA-181a expression in peripheral blood, as well as quantitative PCR to detect TGF-beta, SMAD-4, SNAIL-1, and Bim expression. Results: In metastatic breast cancer, miRNA-181a, TGF-beta, SNAIL-1 and SMAD-4 has been substantially up-regulated relative to patients with non-metastatic disease; whereas in the metastatic versus non-metastatic group, Bim is substantially down-regulated. Up-regulated miRNA181a expression was an important prognosis of progression of the disease and total survival in both metastatic and nonmetastatic groups. Conclusion: TGFβ-SMAD signaling pathway regulates miRNA181a that, in turn, plays a role in promoting tumor aggressiveness and metastasis through epithelial mesenchymal transition, also circulating miRNA 181a could be used as a breast cancer biomarker and to predict survival outcomes. Keyword: Breast cancer – metastasis – miRNA 181a – TGF-β – SNAIL/SMAD