Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiotherapists’ ethical behavior in professional practice: a qualitative study

Background In health professions, ethics is considered a fundamental competence. The increase in clinical autonomy in the field of physiotherapy is associated with an increase in ethical situations in their clinical practice. Objective To explore the ethics of the clinical relationship between physiotherapists and patients, the ethics training received by physiotherapists, and if in the clinical context, physiotherapists identify the necessary attitudes and apply the ethical recommendations of the profession for the ethical situations they experience. Methods A qualitative exploratory and descriptive study was performed with physiotherapists. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed using content analysis, as proposed by Krippendorf. The study protocol was approved by the University of Valencia Ethics Committee of Human Research. Results This study included 15 physiotherapists (66.66% women, average age = 42.2 years), which was sufficient to reach data saturation. We identified four categories: (i) Ethics of the clinical relationship (ethical values, principles, and norms; type of clinical relationship), (ii) Ethics training received (during the physiotherapy studies; current training of students; low importance of ethics in the curriculum), (iii) Necessary attitudes for professional ethical practice (main attitudes were identified: personal attitudes and professional attitudes); (iv) Experiences from professional practice (general; public sector vs. private sector). Conclusion The ethics of the clinical relationship between physiotherapists and patients is determined by the attitudes of the practitioner, which are the result of his or her values and previous experiences; and are very centered on ethics of indication (founded mainly on the principles of Beneficence and Non-Maleficence). It is necessary to improve the ethical training received by physiotherapists, which is poorly focused on professional attitudes.
Impact of Jaw Functional Status on Neck Flexor Endurance among Females

Background: Opening and closing of the mouth, biting, and chewing are all sensory-motor tasks that require both jaw and neck muscles to be contracted simultaneously. The postural stability of healthy people can be modified by changes in the position of the jaw. Objective: To determine the impact of jaw functional status on neck flexor endurance among females and also to determine the association of neck flexion endurance with age and BMI. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study in which the convenient sampling technique was used. It included 32 healthy females between 18-25 years of age. The study was conducted at the skills Lab of Shalamar School of Allied Health Sciences, Lahore. After consent from participants the neck flexor endurance test was performed in two positions: with the resting jaw (position I), and the jaw clenched maximally (position II) in the supine position. Time was recorded by the stopwatch to see how long the participant was able to maintain in these positions. The same test was performed again with five minutes gap in both positions of the jaw. Results: It shows that there was a significant difference in neck holding time between the resting jaw position and clenched jaw position. After five minutes of rest the neck holding time in both positions was decreased but it was statistically not significant. There was weak and inverse relationship between neck flexion endurance and age (r=-0.0264) and weak but direct relationship between neck flexion endurance and BMI (r=0.283) Conclusion: The neck holding time in the clenched jaw position is less than the resting jaw position; this shows that a sensory-motor relationship exists between the neck and jaw. Variation in jaw positioning impacts neck flexor endurance.
Low Doses of β-Caryophyllene Reduced Clinical and Paraclinical Parameters of an Autoimmune Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis: Investigating the Role of CB2 Receptors in Inflammation by Lymphocytes and Microglial

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent inflammatory disease in which the immune system plays an essential role in the damage, inflammation, and demyelination of central nervous system neurons (CNS). The cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) agonists possess anti-inflammatory effects against noxious stimuli and elevate the neuronal survival rate. We attempted to analyze the protective impact of low doses of β-Caryophyllene (BCP) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice as a chronic MS model. Immunization of female C57BL/6 mice was achieved through two subcutaneous injections into different areas of the hind flank with an emulsion that consisted of myelin Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55 (150 µg) and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) (400 µg) with an equal volume. Two intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of pertussis toxin (300 ng) were performed on the animals on day zero (immunizations day) and 48 h (2nd day) after injection of MOG + CFA. The defensive effect of low doses of BCP (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/d) was investigated in the presence and absence of a CB2 receptor antagonist (1 mg/kg, AM630) in the EAE model. We also examined the pro/anti-inflammatory cytokine levels and the polarization of brain microglia and spleen lymphocytes in EAE animals. According to our findings, low doses of BCP offered protective impacts in the EAE mice treatment in a CB2 receptor-dependent way. In addition, according to results, BCP decreased the pathological and clinical defects in EAE mice via modulating adaptive (lymphocytes) and innate (microglia) immune systems from inflammatory phenotypes (M1/Th1/Th17) to anti-inflammatory (M2/Th2/Treg) phenotypes. Additionally, BCP elevated the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and reduced blood inflammatory cytokines. BCP almost targeted the systemic immune system more than the CNS immune system. Thus, a low dose of BCP can be suggested as a therapeutic effect on MS treatment with potent anti-inflammatory effects and possibly lower toxicity.
The Rise and Fall of Laramide Topography and the Sediment Evacuation From Wyoming

The modern topography within the Laramide region consists of high‐relief ranges and high‐elevation low‐relief (HELR) surfaces separated by intraforeland basins. However, the timing and development of this topography within the type‐locality of the Wyoming Laramide province is poorly understood. Previous models suggest that the modern topography is a young feature that was acquired after Laramide tectonism, post‐Laramide burial, and basin evacuation; however, evidence of such a progression is sparse. We present low‐temperature‐thermochronological data from two Laramide uplifts in Wyoming, the Wind River and Bighorn Ranges, which document an early record of Laramide exhumation, subsequent reheating, and significant cooling after 10 Ma. Our results indicate that the Laramide ranges were buried by post‐Laramide Cenozoic basin fill, creating a low‐relief topography by the early Miocene that was reduced due to late Miocene regional incision and basin evacuation. We suggest that HELR surfaces experienced further relief reduction from Pleistocene glaciation.
The Effect of Macroeconomic Factors on Indian Stock Market: An Empirical Evidence

The stock market returns not only depends on the firms’ fundamentals but also depends upon the macroeconomic factors of the economy. The current study focuses on the macro perspective of stock market behavior. It was carried out to analyse the association between Indian stock market and macroeconomic factors such as Exchange Rate, Crude Oil Prices, Index of Industrial Production (IIP), Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR), Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Interest Rate & Inflation, and also to know the effect of these macroeconomic factors on the Indian stock market. The study concludes that correlation between Exchange rate, Crude oil price, FII, SLR, CRR, Interest rate and NIFTY is significant. When it comes to Sensex it was found that correlation is significant with respect to all the macroeconomic variables considered except IIP. Based on the results of Granger Causality test it has been concluded that CRR and FII causes Nifty and CRR causes Sensex. Both Sensex and Nifty in turn, granger cause Interest Rate.
Contextualizing the impact of prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposure on neurodevelopment in a South African birth cohort: an analysis from the socioecological perspective

Background Alcohol and tobacco are known teratogens. Historically, more severe prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) have been examined as the principal predictor of neurodevelopmental alterations, with little incorporation of lower doses or ecological contextual factors that can also impact neurodevelopment, such as socioeconomic resources (SER) or adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Here, a novel analytical approach informed by a socio-ecological perspective was used to examine the associations between SER, PAE and/or PTE, and ACEs, and their effects on neurodevelopment. Methods N = 313 mother-child dyads were recruited from a prospective birth cohort with maternal report of PAE and PTE, and cross-sectional structural brain neuroimaging of child acquired via 3T scanner at ages 8–11 years. In utero SER was measured by maternal education, household income, and home utility availability. The child’s ACEs were measured by self-report assisted by the researcher. PAE was grouped into early exposure (<12 weeks), continued exposure (>=12 weeks), and no exposure controls. PTE was grouped into exposed and non-exposed controls. Results Greater access to SER during pregnancy was associated with fewer ACEs (maternal education: β = −0.293,p = 0.01; phone access: β = −0.968,p = 0.05). PTE partially mediated the association between SER and ACEs, where greater SER reduced the likelihood of PTE, which was positively associated with ACEs (β = 1.110,p = 0.01). SER was associated with alterations in superior frontal (β = −1336.036, q = 0.046), lateral orbitofrontal (β = −513.865, q = 0.046), caudal anterior cingulate volumes (β = −222.982, q = 0.046), with access to phone negatively associated with all three brain volumes. Access to water was positively associated with superior frontal volume (β=1569.527, q = 0.013). PTE was associated with smaller volumes of lateral orbitofrontal (β = −331.000, q = 0.033) and nucleus accumbens regions (β = −34.800, q = 0.033). Conclusion Research on neurodevelopment following community-levels of PAE and PTE should more regularly consider the ecological context to accelerate understanding of teratogenic outcomes. Further research is needed to replicate this novel conceptual approach with varying PAE and PTE patterns, to disentangle the interplay between dose, community-level and individual-level risk factors on neurodevelopment.
Explicitly Accounting for the Role of Remote Oceans in Regional Climate Modeling of South America

The common practice in dynamic downscaling is to nest a higher‐resolution regional climate model (RCM) into a global model that resolves the large‐scale circulation. However, nested RCMs can develop distinct large‐scale features that substantially diverge from those of the driving model. This is especially problematic over regions such as South America (SA), where the climate features strong teleconnection with remote oceans. Here we propose to explicitly resolve the atmospheric processes underlying the teleconnection by expanding the RCM domain to include the influential oceans. Using the coupled RegCM4.3. 4‐CLM4.5 model, RCM simulations designed under the new paradigm demonstrate a substantial improvement of model skills over those using the standard CORDEX SA domain. Analysis of the underlying physical mechanisms indicates that the RCM captures the large‐scale dynamics and climate teleconnections substantially better when it includes the influential oceans. The Big Brother experimental protocol is then used to identify sources of uncertainties and skills, and the results suggest that the nesting practice cannot effectively capture the impact of forcings and processes acting outside the RCM domain. This uncertainty introduces substantial systematic bias to RCM simulations yet is not sampled by existing coordinated regional modeling projects (e.g., CORDEX) due to the use of a single domain focusing over land. Explicitly including oceans within the domain substantially reduces the sensitivity of the SA model climate to domain size/location and promises great potential for RCM applicability in studying regional mechanisms and feedback processes of SA's hydroclimate.
Revealing the Host-Dependent Nature of an Engineered Genetic Inverter in Concordance with Physiology

Broad-host-range synthetic biology is an emerging frontier that aims to expand our current engineerable domain of microbial hosts for biodesign applications. As more novel species are brought to “model status,” synthetic biologists are discovering that identically engineered genetic circuits can exhibit different performances depending on the organism it operates within, an observation referred to as the “chassis effect. ” It remains a major challenge to uncover which genome-encoded and biological determinants will underpin chassis effects that govern the performance of engineered genetic devices. In this study, we compared model and novel bacterial hosts to ask whether phylogenomic relatedness or similarity in host physiology is a better predictor of genetic circuit performance. This was accomplished using a comparative framework based on multivariate statistical approaches to systematically demonstrate the chassis effect and characterize the performance dynamics of a genetic inverter circuit operating within 6 Gammaproteobacteria. Our results solidify the notion that genetic devices are strongly impacted by the host context. Furthermore, we formally determined that hosts exhibiting more similar metrics of growth and molecular physiology also exhibit more similar performance of the genetic inverter, indicating that specific bacterial physiology underpins measurable chassis effects. The result of this study contributes to the field of broad-host-range synthetic biology by lending increased predictive power to the implementation of genetic devices in less-established microbial hosts.
The grass is not always greener in the neighbor's yard: Bayesian and frequentist inference methods for network autocorrelated data

People do not live in isolation. Instead, we constantly interact with others, which affects our actions, opinions, or well-being. Throughout the last decades, the network autocorrelation model has been the workhorse for modeling network influence on individual behavior. In the network autocorrelation model, actor observations for a variable of interest are allowed to be correlated, where a network autocorrelation parameter represents and quantifies the strength of a network influence on the variable of interest. More precisely, an actor’s observation is assumed to be a function not only of a set of explanatory variables but also of the observations for the actor's neighbors, i.e., other actors in the network this actor is tied to. In this thesis, we develop a fully Bayesian framework to estimate the network autocorrelation model and to test multiple hypotheses on the network autocorrelation parameter(s) against each other. Taking the Bayesian route hereto has at least three attractive features that are not shared by classical statistical methods such as maximum likelihood estimation and null hypothesis significance testing. First, the Bayesian approach enables researchers to include previous empirical information about the network autocorrelation parameter through a prior distribution, which may attenuate the underestimation of the network autocorrelation parameter associated with maximum likelihood estimation of the model. Concomitantly, we also derive Bayesian default procedures for situations in which such prior information is completely unavailable. Second, Bayesian techniques do not rely on asymptotic approximations when estimating uncertainty and performing inference about the network autocorrelation parameter but yield accurate results even in case of small networks. Third, using Bayes factors as opposed to null hypothesis significance testing, researchers can test any number of hypotheses on the network autocorrelation parameter and quantify the amount of relative evidence in the data for each tested hypothesis. We provide several such Bayes factors and generalize the presented methodology to test order hypotheses on multiple network autocorrelation parameters, representing the strength of multiple influence mechanisms that may have some connection to the variable of interest. Furthermore, we introduce a discrete exponential family model to analyze network autocorrelated count data for which the network autocorrelation model itself is not well-suited. This novel model permits principled statistical inference without making any potentially limiting distributional assumptions on the marginal or conditional counts but is flexible enough to accommodate a wide range of count patterns. In sum, the methods developed in this thesis allow researchers studying network influence to quantify and test the strength of network influence(s) on a variable of interest in ways that go beyond the current state of the art.
Association between emotional Maturity and academic achievement of adolescent players

The study was planned to investigate the association between emotional maturity and academic achievement of adolescent players. The sample comprised 113 adolescent players (68 boys and 45 girls) of Bhai Mastan Singh Senior Secondary Public School, Sri Muktsar Sahib (Punjab), who were studying in the 11th and 12th classes. All the selected subjects were aged between 16.5 to 19 years. A purposive sampling technique was used to pick the sample. The emotional Maturity Scale created by Pal (1984) was utilized to quantify the emotional maturity of adolescent players. The academic achievement of the adolescent players was measured through the marks obtained in the mid-term examination. The collected data was analysed through Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient at a 0.05 level of significance. A significant moderate positive correlation was discovered between the emotional maturity and academic achievement of adolescent players.
SLOPE FAILURE ANALYSIS OF HAVELIAN LANDSLIDE, ABBOTTABAD PAKISTAN

This research work was undertaken to evaluate the failure analysis of HavelianLandslide which was triggered by rainfall in November, 2015. A site visit was made to collectlandslide matrix material samples. Basic in-situ measurements and laboratory tests were performed onreconstituted samples for determining the basic engineering properties of the samples. Series of directshear tests were conducted on reconstituted samples at in-situ landslide matrix material density byvarying percent saturation to evaluate its likely effect on the mobilized shear strength. Finally theSlope/W software was utilized to calculate the Factor of Safety (FOS) along the probable surfacefailure, by in putting the shear strength parameters corresponding to different degrees of saturation.The analysis revealed that the shear strength of matrix soil decreased with the increase in degree ofsaturation (% age) and slope become critical around 50% degree of saturation.
Optimization Methods for Image Thresholding: A review

Setting a border with the proper gray level in processing images to separate objects from their backgrounds is crucial. One of the simplest and most popular methods of segmenting pictures is histogram-based thresholding. Thresholding is a common technique for image segmentation because of its simplicity. Thresholding is used to separate the Background of the image from the Foreground. There are many methods of thresholding. This paper aims to review many previous studies and mention the types of thresholding. It includes two types: the global and local thresholding methods and each type include a group of methods. The global thresholding method includes (the Otsu method, Kapur's entropy method, Tsallis entropy method, Hysteresis method, and Fuzzy entropy method), and the local thresholding method includes ( Ni-Black method and Bernsen method). The optimization algorithms(Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Bat Algorithm, Modified Grasshopper Optimization, Firefly Algorithm, Cuckoo Search, Tabu Search Algorithm, Simulated Annealing, and Jaya Algorithm) used along with thresholding methods are also illustrated.
Heterostructures Based on Noble Metal Films with Ag and Au Nanoparticles: Fabrication, Study of In Vivo Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Activity

In this work, approaches to the formation of multifunctional film heterostructures based on noble metals for the modification of the surface of implant materials (titanium alloy TiAl6V4 and carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone CFR-PEEK) are developed. Such heterostructures consist of continuous layers of platinum (Pt) or iridium (Ir) and antibacterial components on their surface, namely silver (nanoparticles or discontinuous films) and gold (nanoparticles). Chemical or physical gas-phase deposition methods were used for their preparation. The influence of the concentration and form of the antibacterial component on the antibacterial activity and in vivo biocompatibility of the film structures was evaluated for the first time. Differences in the dynamics of silver dissolution depending on Ag concentration in the sample and the type of bottom surface (the noble metal layer = Ir, Pt or TiAl6V4) surfaces allowed us to better understand the nature of the antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (S. aureus and P. aeruginosa) of Ag/M heterostructures. From in vivo histological studies using rats, the best biocompatibility was shown by the Ag/M heterostructure with a prolonged release of the low fraction of antibacterial component (Ag).