Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilization of the breadfruit tree (Artocarpus altilis) meal in fattening swine diets

A total of 48 pigs of the Yorkland x Duroc hybrid, with initial average liveweight of 27.7 kg, was used for 70 d to evaluate the inclusion of 0, 10, 20, and 30 % of breadfruit tree meal as partial substitute for corn in conventional feedstuffs, for the feeding of fattening swine. An analysis of variance was performed according to one-way design with four treatments and four repetitions. In all the treatments, the maximum viability (100 %) was obtained and there were no differences for the feed intake (175 kg/pig). The treatments with 0 and 10 % of breadfruit tree meal did not differ between themselves for the final liveweight (78.25 and 77.25 kg/pig), average daily gain (ADG) (720 and 707 g/pig), conversion (3.47 and 3.54) and carcass yield (73.85 and 73.36 %). However, with 10 % of breadfruit tree meal, the feed cost/t of liveweight was reduced in 76.94 USD and per carcass ton in 92.97. The diets with 20 and 30 % of breadfruit tree meal reduced the final liveweight (74.25 and 70.33 kg/pig), the ADG (668 and 608 g/pig), and the carcass yield (72.68 and 72.39 %), besides impairing the feed conversion (3.74 y 4.11). It is recommended to use up to 30 % of breadfruit tree meal in fattening swine feedstuffs, even when it would be necessary to have more days in this category. This would permit obtaining productive results similar to those of the conventional diets and reducing the feeding cost, not changing the beef quality. Key words: breadruit tree, fattening swine.
Asymptomatic colonization of Staphylococcus aureus with intermediate resistance to vancomycin harboring vanB resistance gene

Objective: Vancomycin has been used worldwide due to empirical therapy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. As a result a selective pressure that favors the outgrowth of vancomycin intermediate S. aureus clones will be created. This study was carried out to evaluate vancomycin resistance pattern of S. aureus in Jordan. Methods: A total of 1179 samples, including 566 (48%) from human and 613 (52%) from animals were examined for the presence of S. aureus using standard biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of coa gene. Resistance to antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method. Methicillin resistance strains were tested for vancomycin resistance by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), E- test, and the results were confirmed by amplification of van genes, and Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: The prevalence of S. aureus among human source was: 19.35%, 14%, and 8.8% for nasal, nail, and skin, respectively, and for animal sources 27.3%, 5.51%, and 15.86% for milk, nasal, and meat, respectively. Four VISA strains (1.87%) were found to colonize human nares, nails, and skin with vancomycin MIC of 4-8 μg/ml. Van B resistance gene was detected and PFGE with SmaI-digested VISA genomic DNA revealed two different pulsotypes. Conclusion: This is believed to be the first report of VISA strains containing vanB gene isolated from a routine carriage survey. Effective screening directed to persons colonized with VISA should therefore be a priority.
Bioassays for detection of the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophtorales: Entomophtoraceae) in soil from different sites in Bulgaria

Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, larvae were exposed to soil extracted from 16 sites in Bulgaria where natural gypsy moth populations occur. Azygospores of E. maimaiga were produced in larvae exposed to 11 of the soil samples. Host mortality caused by the fungus varied between 3.3 and 43.3%. The percentage of larvae that died from unknown causes ranged from 3.3 to 66.7%. The results of this study show that the fungal pathogen is widely distributed in Bulgaria and is persisting in sites where epizootics have occurred, a precondition for successful and sustainable control of Lymantria dispar.
Phlebotomus and Carrión's Disease

Summary Transmission experiments were undertaken in which wild sandflies, Phlebotomus verrucarum, were fed on rhesus monkeys. The sandflies were caught in the verruga zone, brought to Lima, placed in feeding-cages and applied to the bellies of the monkeys. The technique permits voluntary and natural feeding of the sandflies. In one series, five out of eight monkeys became infected with Bartonella bacilliformis. No skin lesions were produced. Infection was demonstrated by blood cultures, subsequent tests of such cultures in monkeys, and in two instances by immunity tests. While other mechanisms of transmission are theoretically possible, the conclusion is believed warranted that in these experiments transmission occurred by the bites of the sandflies. Several species of South American monkeys were infected by inoculation of cultures. Nodules were produced from which B. bacilliformis was recovered in culture, though blood cultures failed. The infection-rate of wild sandflies is discussed.
227 Compensatory body protein gain in newly weaned pigs.

Hannah Golightly Good afternoon and thank you for joining us for the fourth presentation in a multi-part webinar series by The Ontario Swine Research Network. My name is Hannah Golightly, and I'm a second-year veterinary student here at the Ontario Veterinary College, who has been assisting with the OSRN activities. For those of you who haven't participated in a previous webinar in the series, the OSRN has been formed by faculty at the University of Guelph and representatives from Ontario Pork, OMAFRA and the Swine Veterinary Community. The goal of the network is to enhance and improve the timeliness and accuracy of the U of G swine research results and activities to end-users.
Imaging biological surface topography in situ and in vivo

The creation of accurate three‐dimensional reconstructions of biological surfaces is often challenging due to several inherent limitations of current imaging technologies. These include the inability to image living material, requirements for extensive specimen preparation and/or long image acquisition times, and the inability to image at length scales that are relevant for the study of interfacial phenomena that occur between the organism and its environment. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a new imaging approach that combines the benefits of optical and contact profilometry to image organismal surfaces quickly and without the need for any kind of specimen preparation, thus permitting three‐dimensional visualization in situ. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the utility of this approach by imaging the surfaces of a wide range of live and preserved fish and other species, imaging wet, mucus‐covered surfaces, and presenting quantitative metrics of surface roughness in a variety of natural and engineered materials. Given the numerous wet, sticky, and slimy surfaces that abound in nature and the importance of the interface between species and their environments for the study of numerous biophysical phenomena, we believe this approach holds considerable promise for providing new insights into surface structural complexity in biological systems.
Injuryde-Induced Acute Lung ALX/cAMP/PI3K Pathway in Sodium Channel, Na,K-ATPase via Clearance through Alveolar Epithelial Resolvin D1 Stimulates Alveolar Fluid

Resolvin D1 (7S,8R,17S-trihydroxy-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid) (RvD1), generated from v -3 fatty docosahexaenoic acids, is believed to exert anti-inﬂammatory properties including inhibition of neutrophil activation and regulating inﬂammatory cytokines. In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of RvD1 in modulating alveolar ﬂuid clearance (AFC) on LPS-induced acute lung injury. In vivo, RvD1 was injected i.v. (5 m g/kg) 8 h after LPS (20 mg/kg) administration, which markedly stimulated AFC in LPS-induced lung injury, with the outcome of decreased pulmonary edema. In addition, rat lung tissue protein was isolated after intervention and we found RvD1 improved epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) a , g , Na,K-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) a 1, b 1 subunit protein expression and Na,K-ATPase activity. In primary rat alveolar type II epithelial cells stimulated with LPS, RvD1 not only upregulated ENaC a , g and Na,K-ATPase a 1 subunits protein expression, but also increased Na + currents and Na,K-ATPase activity. Finally, protein kinase A and cGMP were not responsible for RvD1’s function because a protein kinase A inhibitor (H89) and cGMP inhibitor (Rp-cGMP) did not reduce RvD1’s effects. However,
Agronomic evaluation of high-protein and high-oil soybean genotypes for specialty markets

ABSTRACT Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ) are mainly grown for protein and oil purposes. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate maturity group (MG) IV and V soybean genotypes for traits associated with local adaptability (yield, plant height, and maturity), and 2) determine seed protein and oil concentrations, their correlation with yield, and respective heritabilities. A total of 40 MG IV or V genotypes were evaluated in four Arkansas locations in 2008 and 2009. The results showed that the genotype x year x location effect was significant for all traits studied, except maturity. Protein and oil concentrations were negatively correlated (−0.91) and highly heritable (0.89–0.93 and 0.82–0.83, respectively). Four promising high-yielding genotypes with moderately high to high protein or oil levels were identified: R05-4682 (high protein) and R05-4256 (high oil) in the MG IV test, and R05-1772 (high protein) and R05-71 (high oil) in the MG V test. These genotypes could potentially bring added value to Arkansas farmers’ fields.
Isolation And Partial Characterization Of Bacteria Activity Associated With Gorgonian Euplexaura sp. Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has emerged in around the world and has been resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin. The aims of this study were to isolate, to investigate and to characterize bacterial symbionts gorgonian having activity against MRSA. Euplexaura sp. was collected from Panjang Island, Jepara, Indonesia by snorkling 2-5 m in depth. Bacterias were isolated by using spesific media with dilution method. Bacterias were conducted by using the streak method. Antibacterial activity was investigated by overlay method. The potent bacteria was identified by using molecular identification (DNA extraction, electrophoresis, PCR and phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA genes with actinobacteria-spesific primers) and bio-chemical test (among 5 isolated bacteria from gorgonian showed activity against MRSA). The strain PG-344 was the best candidat that has an inhibition zone against MRSA. The result of sequencing bacteria is 100% closely related with Virgibacillus salarius. This becomes a potential new bioactive compounds to against MRSA that can be a new drug discovery.
The cell wall microstructures of syncytia induced by cyst nematodes

Plant parasitic cyst nematodes induce the formation of specialised feeding structures, termed syncytia, from which they feed within the host roots. The multinucleate syncytium initiates from a single host root cell and expands by the local cell wall dissolution of neighbouring cells. In this study, a set of monoclonal antibodies were applied to reveal the microstructures of syncytial cell walls induced by four economically important cyst nematode species, Globodera pallida, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera avenae and Heterodera filipjevi, in their respective potato, soybean and wheat host roots. In situ fluorescence analysis revealed that cell walls of syncytia induced by G. pallida and H. glycines share high structural similarity. Both consisted of abundant xyloglucans, methyl-esterified homogalacturonan and pectic arabinans. In contrast, the walls of syncytia induced in wheat roots by H. avenae and H. filipjevi contain much less xyloglucan but are rich in feruloylated and substituted heteroxylans and arabinans, with variable levels of mixed-linkage glucans and galactans. Further investigations were implemented using a range of cell wall related Arabidopsis xyloglucan and pectic arabinan mutants. In situ analysis was applied on those H. schachtii induced syncytia. The results indicated the strong adaptions during the induction and formation of the syncytia while the cell wall composition of the syncytium was stable. Besides, the syncytial wall pectin methyl-esterification status was shown to fluctuate along with the syncytium development in addition to coping with induced PEG-simulated drought stress. Further analysis was carried out on selected pectic homogalacturonan related mutants, and the fluorescence-based quantifications revealed the complexity of the forming and regulating pectin methyl esterification. Transgenic wheat lines with a root-cap-specific promoter were made via biolistics, in the hope of using this system to further investigate the syncytia formed in wheat, which were shown to be different from the other syncytia analysed.
The Pregnane X Receptor: A Promiscuous Xenobiotic Receptor That Has Diverged during Evolution

Transcription of genes encoding cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) monooxygenases is induced by a variety of xenobiotics and natural steroids. There are marked differences in the compounds that induce CYP3A gene expression between species. Recently, the mouse and human pregnane X receptor (PXR) were shown to be activated by compounds that induce CYP3A expression. However, most studies of CYP3A regulation have been performed using rabbit and rat hepatocytes. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of PXR from these two species. PXR is remarkably divergent between species, with the rabbit, rat, and human receptors sharing only approximately 80% amino acid identity in their ligand-binding domains. This sequence divergence is reflected by marked pharmacological differences in PXR activation profiles. For example, the macrolide antibiotic rifampicin, the antidiabetic drug troglitazone, and the hypocholesterolemic drug SR12813 are efficacious activators of the human and rabbit PXR but have little activity on t.
Abiotic conditions drive significant variability in nutrient processing by a common Caribbean sponge, Ircinia felix

Coral reefs typically occur in oligotrophic waters, where tight recycling of energy and nutrients is essential in order to support their high productivity. Sponges are efficient filter feeders that host diverse and abundant microbial communities that often contain members capable of carrying out complex nutrient transformations. Consequently, sponges often act as significant sources of bioavailable forms of nitrogen and phosphorus while acting as sinks for dissolved organic carbon (DOC). However, little attention has focused on variability of nutrient release by sponges and no studies have reported how abiotic conditions may impact sponge‐driven changes in nutrient concentrations. Here, we show that a common Caribbean sponge, Ircinia felix, is capable of being both a source and a sink for DOC, ammonium, nitrate/nitrite ( NOx− ), and phosphate ( PO43− ). Additionally, we show that abiotic conditions, particularly ambient nutrient availability, seem to explain a significant amount of the variability (R2 range from 0.40 to 0.65). Interestingly, as ambient nutrient concentrations increased, I. felix transitioned from acting as a source to serving as a sink for all nutrient forms measured. We also found I. felix‐associated bacteria exhibit a significantly higher abundance of predicted nitrogen metabolism, carbon fixation, and photosynthetic genes relative to ambient water and sediment. These results suggest that sponges play an important and dynamic role in biogeochemical cycling on reefs, particularly as human activities alter natural nutrient dynamics in coastal systems.
Laboratory assessment for biological control of Tribolium confusum du Val., 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) by entomopathogenic fungi

Bu calisma, 2016 yilinda Ataturk Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi, Bitki Koruma Bolumu (Erzurum, Turkiye)’nde yurutulmustur. Calismanin amaci, yedi entomopatojen fungal ( Beauveria bassiana , Paecilomyces farinosus , Isaria fumosorosea , I. farinosa , Lecanicillium muscarium (2 izolat) ve L. muscarium ekstrakti) izolatlarinin, laboratuvar sartlarinda ( 25±1°C and 75±1% RH ). Tribolium confusum du Val. , 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) erginlerine karsi biyolojik kontrol ajani olarak kullanimlarini tespit etmektir. Fungus izolatlari petri kaplarinda test edilen ergin boceklere karsi iki farkli konsantrasyonda (1x10 5 ve 1×10 7 konidi/mL) sprey sekilde uygulanmistir. Elde edilen sonuclar, uygulamadan 10 gun sonra yedi entomopatojen fungus izolati uygulamasi ile T. confusum erginlerinin olum oranlarinin %34.6’dan %100’e kadar degistigini gostermistir. Entomopatojen fungus izolatlari 1×10 5 ve 1×10 7 konsantrasyonlarinda T. confusum erginlerinde yuksek seviyede olume neden olmustur. Sonuc olarak, test edilen yedi fungal entomopatojenin depolanmis urun zararlilarinin biyolojik mucadelesi icin potansiyel etkiye sahip olabilecegi gozlemlenmistir.
Seed quality behavior of Soybean (Glycine max) as influenced bydifferent packaging materials and storage conditions

A Study was carried out to find out the seed quality behavior of soybean (Glycine max) as influenced by different packaging materials and storage conditions. Soybean seeds were stored in different packaging materials viz., gunny bags, high density polythene bags and vacuum packed bags stored at room temperature (25 ± 2o C) and cold storage (4 ± 1o C) for a period of 18 months. The treatments having six combinations and consisting of different containers viz., gunny bags, high density polythene bags and vacuum packed bags were replicated four times in both cold and ambient storage conditions in completely randomized design. The results of the study revealed that the that the seeds stored in vacuum packed bags maintained the seed quality with least deterioration with respect to all the seed quality parameters compared to seeds stored in gunny bags and high density polythene bags.
EMPIRICAL MODELS FOR DESCRIBING FIRE BEHAVIOR IN BRAZILIAN COMMERCIAL EUCALYPT PLANTATIONS

Modeling forest fire behavior is an important task that can be used to assist in fire prevention and suppression operations. However, according to previous studies, the existing common worldwide fire behavior models used do not correctly estimate the fire behavior in Brazilian commercial hybrid eucalypt plantations. Therefore, this study aims to build new empirical models to predict the fire rate of spread, flame length and fuel consumption for such vegetation. To meet these objectives, 105 laboratory experimental burns were done, where the main fuel characteristics and weather variables that influence fire behavior were controlled and/or measured in each experiment. Dependent and independent variables were fitted through multiple regression analysis. The fire rate of spread proposed model is based on the wind speed, fuel bed bulk density and 1-h dead fuel moisture content (r2 = 0.86); the flame length model is based on the fuel bed depth, 1-h dead fuel moisture content and wind speed (r2 = 0.72); the fuel consumption proposed model has the 1-h dead fuel moisture, fuel bed bulk density and 1-h dead dry fuel load as independent variables (r2= 0.80). These models were used to develop a new fire behavior software, the “Eucalyptus Fire Safety System”.
Review of the family Platyxanthidae Guinot, 1977 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Eriphioidea), with the description of a new genus and a key to genera and species

During recent studies of phylogenetic relationships within Eriphioidea (sensu Ng et al. 2008), we recovered molecularevidence that the genus Platyxanthus A. Milne-Edwards, 1863, was not monophyletic. This prompted detailedmorphological examination of the group, which confirmed that clear differences in characteristics of the carapace, firstmale pleopod, antennae, antennules, epistome, abdomen, and thoracic sternum serve to separate the species of Platyxanthus into three distinct groups. Comparison of the type material of Peloeus cokeri (Rathbun, 1930), (formerly Platyxanthus cokeri) to Peloeus armatus Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842, indicated that P. cokeri is a junior synonym of P. armatus and that Gordonoxanthus Stevcic, 2011 (type species Platyxanthus cokeri Rathbun, 1930) is thus a juniorsynonym of Peloeus. Danielethus n. gen. is described to accommodate Platyxanthus patagonicus A. Milne-Edwards,1863, and Platyxanthus crenulatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1863. A key to the known genera and species of the family Platyxanthidae Guinot, 1977 is provided.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE, PHOTOPERIOD AND DEFOLIATION ON FLOWERING TIME OF LOTUS TENUIS (FABACEAE) IN BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA

SUMMARY The phenological development of crops from emergence to flowering time is largely controlled by temperature and photoperiod. Flowering time is a critical phenological stage for subsequent reproductive phase. Lotus tenuis management in grasslands, pastures and seed production systems is through defoliation and sowing date; however, yet little is known about their effects on flowering time. The data presented in this study were obtained from experiments conducted with L. tenuis during the years 1989 to 2016 under field conditions. Our objectives were to determine if flowering time (a) is affected by sowing date; (b) can be predicted through equations using temperature and photoperiod and (c) is affected by defoliation applied at vegetative stage. Two defoliation intensities were applied, low (LDI) crop height reduced by 54% compared to pre-defoliation crop height and high (HDI), crop height reduced by 75%. The rate of progress from seedling emergence to flowering time (inverse of time from emergence to first flowering, 1/f) was modulated by temperature, photoperiod and photothermal functions. When L. tenuis sowing was delayed from autumn to spring, time from seedling emergence to first flowering decreased from 260 to 100 days. 1/f was linearly related to average temperature (R²=0.75) and photoperiod (R²=0.85) and both variables (R²=0.92). Defoliation retarded flowering time. Flower and pod growth periods were shorter under defoliation than in control one. Defoliation did not cause abortion of flowers and pods. Flower production was fitted to quadratic function of photoperiod. Flowering peak was approximately within 15.2 h. The prediction of flowering time using thermal, photoperiod and photothermal models can provide information about crop management decisions, such as optimal environmental regimes for crop growth through sowing date.