Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brewed in the African pot: the phylogeography of the toothed barnacle Chthamalus dentatus (Chthamaloidea: Chthamalidae)

ABSTRACT The toothed barnacle Chthamalus dentatus has a wide distribution in the intertidal zone along the coasts of Africa, ostensibly occurring from Madagascar and Mozambique in the West Indian Ocean to Senegal in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. We studied the differences in the mitochondrial COI gene of 287 individuals from 15 different locations and found that this taxon, which morphologically is considered a single species, actually compromises three genetically distinct clades – the South African, the Namibian, and the Cameroonian. The genetic differences between these units are similar or larger than those found between different species of Chthamalus. We suggest that the nominal species C. dentatus is a cluster of three cryptic species. These cryptic species are separated by a series of upwelling systems that are likely to act as barriers to the distribution of propagules of C. dentatus. Based on molecular and morphological data, we indicate that C. dentatus is probably a close relative of the Caribbean and Central American species of Chthamalus.
The discrimination and representation of relative and absolute number in pigeons and humans.

ion and one-to-one correspondence (Alilbali & DiRusso, 1999; Boysen et al., 1995). Thus, requiring a key-peck for every flash presentation may have helped subjects keep track of the number of flashes and consequently improved discriminative ability. If behavioural tags play a critical role in the accurate discrimination of flash number in the reproduction procedure, then performance should drop or become more variable when stimulus presentation is made response-
In-motion initial alignment method using Cayley–Kalman filter on special orthogonal group

Aiming at the in-motion initial alignment problem of strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), this paper proposed a precise direct in-motion alignment method based on attitude matrix representation and Cayley–Kalman filter on the special orthogonal group. There are two innovations in this paper. First, as an element of the special orthogonal group S O ( 3 ) , the error attitude matrix is used to construct an in-motion alignment model, and it is transformed into the vector space to represent the attitude error state. The error matrix was used as a state to decrease the influence of the state-dependent problem. Second, this method uses the Cayley transform to replace the Taylor expansion to derive the update equation, which is a no approximation mapping relation to assure accuracy when deriving the filtering algorithm. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the proposed alignment method has advantages over the existing methods in alignment accuracy and alignment time and performs well in the in-motion alignment process of SINS.
Measuring alcohol consumption while watching sport events: a feasibility and validity study comparing ecological momentary assessments and transdermal alcohol monitors

Background: This feasibility and validity study aimed to evaluate and compare ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys and transdermal SCRAM-CAM monitors to measure drinking while watching Australian Rules Football (AFL). Methods: During 29 events, 13 participants wore a SCRAM-CAM monitor while completing EMA surveys. Correspondence in the alcohol levels detected and correlation between the self-reported drinks and transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) were measured. An exit survey assessed participant experiences. Results: Alcohol consumption was self-reported on 24 (83.3%) of 29 events, with an average of 5.0 standard drinks consumed over 2.3 hours. Correspondence in the levels of alcohol detected was good at 0.62. TAC curves showed large-sized correlations to the number of self-reported drinks ( r = 0.55–0.67). Some participants noted discomfort from the SCRAM-CAM, whilst others reported annoyance completing EMA surveys during a match. Conclusions: EMA surveys are a cost effective method for collecting information on drinking as well as contexts and other factors such as harms. A clear benefit of the SCRAM-CAM is the ability to provide detailed information on intoxication trajectories. We suggest that a combination of the two methods will inform the most meaningful approaches for prevention and intervention strategies to reduce harmful drinking among sport spectators.
Avalanches in 2D dislocation systems without applied stresses

We study avalanches in two-dimensional ensembles of discrete dislocations subject to zero or small finite constant external stresses. These systems respond to local perturbations by exhibiting bursts of collective dislocation activity characterised by power-law distributions of various measures of sizes and durations of the avalanches. The cut-offs of these distributions diverge with the system size even for zero applied stresses. The avalanches are found to display slow, glass-like relaxation dynamics following the initial excitation, with the average avalanche shape depending on the avalanche duration.
A Close-form Solution of Absolute Orientation Using Unit Quaternions

The algorithm for traditional absolute orientation is an iterative algorithm which needs relatively accurate iterative initial value.Based on quaternion,a close-form solution is put forward in the paper which is used to calculate absolute orientation parameters without iteration method by way of strict theoretical deduction.The principal theories are as follows.Firstly,the unit quaternion is used to describe the rotational conversion relation of the coordinates.Then the problem about absolute orientation is transformed into a problem about optimization to solve.Finally,a simulation test using analogue data is carried out to validate the correctness and reliability of the algorithm.
Age-Related Changes in Episodic Processing of Scenes: A Functional Activation and Connectivity Study

The posterior-to-anterior shift in aging (PASA) effect is seen as a compensatory model that enables older adults to meet increased cognitive demands to perform comparably as their young counterparts. However, empirical support for the PASA effect investigating age-related changes in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), hippocampus, and parahippocampus has yet to be established. 33 older adults and 48 young adults were administered tasks sensitive to novelty and relational processing of indoor/outdoor scenes in a 3-Tesla MRI scanner. Functional activation and connectivity analyses were applied to examine the age-related changes on the IFG, hippocampus, and parahippocampus among low/high-performing older adults and young adults. Significant parahippocampal activation was generally found in both older (high-performing) and young adults for novelty and relational processing of scenes. Younger adults had significantly greater IFG and parahippocampal activation than older adults, and greater parahippocampal activation compared to low-performing older adults for relational processing—providing partial support for the PASA model. Observations of significant functional connectivity within the medial temporal lobe and greater negative left IFG-right hippocampus/parahippocampus functional connectivity for young compared to low-performing older adults for relational processing also supports the PASA effect partially.
Prevalence of emerging infectious diseases in the Northern region of India

s: Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are continuously affecting a large population day by day, which is a serious issue for human health, well-being, economy, and sustainable development goals. In India, cholera, pneumonia, and dengue are the few examples of EIDs that affects every level of human setup. The current study aimed to evaluate current status and hospitalization due to EIDs in a Northern India. All infections showed different trend of occurrence throughout the study period and maximum EIDs were found in summer and rainy season while no Shigella was found in suspected subjects. This study finally concluded that the incidence of some EIDs are shown decreasing trend of occurrence after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the trend of infection is remains same for most of the EIDs as per previous studies. This study indicates that there might be several loopholes in the sanitization and hygiene related activities in India. Hence, there is an urgent need of awareness and medical camps to eradicate existing EIDs.
Bladder preservation by neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation for muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Introduction In Egypt, bladder cancer (BC) represents about 8.7% of cancers in both sexes. In Egyptian men, it accounts for over 30% of all cancers, which makes it the second most frequent cancer. The standard curative treatment for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has been radical cystectomy (RC) with urinary diversion and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Concomitant chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) in MIBC appears to produce results that are comparable to those of RC. Material and methods Between January 2018 and March 2021, 34 BC- diagnosed patients, who refused RC, were enrolled. They received transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT) followed by 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with gemcitabine, cisplatin, and CCRT. Concomitant chemoradiation therapy with cisplatin, as a chemosensitizer, was administered to patients who experienced a complete response (CR) and a partial response (PR) ≥ 50%. Results Following NACT, CCRT was given to 27 patients (79.45%) who had either a PR > 50% or CR. Seven patients (20.5%) showed PR below 50%, stable disease, or progressive disease; 4 of them underwent RC followed by postoperative radiation. The average follow-up period was 46 months (range: 6–52 months). Twenty-three patients (67.6%) were still alive at the last check-up. Disease-free survival and 3-year overall survival were 70.8% and 65.1%, respectively. Conclusions Bladder preservation provides survival rates comparable to those of MIBC patients, but with a higher quality of life. The findings show good survival rates without metastasis; nevertheless, more multicentre trials with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required to confirm these findings.
A DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE FORWARD SHOCK SPEED IN SUPERNOVA REMNANT 0509–67.5: CONSTRAINTS ON THE AGE, AMBIENT DENSITY, SHOCK COMPRESSION FACTOR, AND ELECTRON–ION TEMPERATURE EQUILIBRATION

Two Hubble Space Telescope narrow-band Hα images separated in time by 1.03 years are used for a proper motion measurement of the forward shock of the LMC supernova remnant 0509–67.5, the only spectroscopically confirmed LMC remnant of Ia origin. We measure a global shock speed of 6500 ± 200 km s−1 and constrain the pre-shock neutral hydrogen density to be 0.084 ± 0.003 cm−3, for a typical mean number of Hα photons produced per neutral hydrogen atom entering the forward shock. Previously published broad Hα line widths from two locations on the rim and our corresponding shock speed measurements are consistent with Balmer shock models that do not include effects of cosmic-ray acceleration. For the northeastern rim location, we limit the post-shock electron temperature to 10% of the proton temperature by also using the broad-to-narrow flux ratio. Hydrodynamic simulations for different initial ejecta density profiles constrain the age and ambient medium density; for an exponential ejecta profile and initial explosion energy of 1.4 × 1051 erg, the remnant’s age is 310 − 30 + 40 ? > years. For all evolutionary models explored, the expansion parameter falls in the range of 0.41–0.73, indicating that the remnant is still firmly in the ejecta-dominated phase of its evolution. Our measured neutral hydrogen density of the ambient medium, combined with the shocked density obtained in Williams et al., disfavors forward shock compression factors greater than ∼7.
Assessing the efficiency of smallholder wool farmers in the changing paradigms of the Free State province of South Africa

The South African population is predicted to increase to almost 66 million by 2030. This necessitates paradigm shifts to improve agricultural efficiency. However, South African wool production has continuously declined over the past three decades. The study analysed the efficiency of smallholder wool farmers and identified the determinants of technical inefficiency in wool production in Thaba ‘Nchu and Botshabelo in the Mangaung Metro (Free State province, South Africa). A multistage sampling technique was used to select 351 participants. A stochastic frontier model was employed to analyse the efficiency of wool farmers. The results indicate that increases in feed and veterinary costs negatively affect the efficiency of smallholder wool production. Wool quality and use of social media were found to have a negative and statistically significant influence on the variation in the inefficiency of wool production (i.e., as these variables increase, inefficiency decreases). Poor extension services and poorly managed farmers’ associations increase the inefficiency of smallholder wool producers. Furthermore, only 7% of smallholder farmers were efficient, and most smallholder wool farmers were not producing at full capacity; there is thus much room to improve production. To increase the efficiency of smallholder wool production in Mangaung, it is recommended that farmers are trained to improve the quality of their wool and, consequently, increase the wool price. Further recommendations include improvement of extension services, better management of farmers’ association
On the occurrence of rare nannoliths (calcareous nannofossils) in the Early Jurassic and their implications for the end‐Triassic mass extinction

A peculiar record of previously undescribed and/or rarely described nannoliths from the Hettangian to lower Pliensbachian of the Llanbdr (Mochras Farm) core, Wales (UK) is documented here. Some of the observed morphotypes are assigned to didemnid ascidians, commonly observed in the upper Rhaetian, as evidence of the resilience of ascidian tunicates during the end‐Triassic mass extinction. One newly described nannolith present throughout the Hettangian and Sinemurian, Quadrifolium hesselboi, is similar to forms previously observed in the upper Rhaetian, and is therefore considered to be a new nannofossil survivor from the end‐Triassic mass extinction. High‐amplitude changes observed in the absolute and relative abundances of nannoliths, schizosphaerellids and coccoliths across the Hettangian suggest a recovery interval from the end‐Triassic crisis spanning the planorbis–liasicus ammonite zones in four distinct steps with high volatility in environmental conditions, followed by the establishment of more stable environmental conditions in the angulata ammonite zone.
Antibiotic Resistance Profiles and ARG Detection from Isolated Bacteria in a Culture-Dependent Study at the Codfish Industry Level

The antibiotic resistance phenomenon horizontally involves numerous bacteria cultured from fresh or processed seafood matrix microbiomes. In this study, the identified bacteria from food-producing processes and industrial environments were screened for phenotypic and genotypic resistance determinants. A total of 684 bacterial strains [537 from processed codfish (Gadus morhua and Gadus macrocephalus) products as salted and seasoned and soaked and 147 from environmental samples] were isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed resistance against tetracycline, oxacillin, and clindamycin in the Staphylococcus genus (both from food and environmental samples) and against beta-lactams (cefotaxime, carbapenems, etc.) and nitrofurans (nitrofurantoin) from E. coli and Salmonella enterica serovar. Enteritidis isolates. One-thousand and ten genetic determinants—tetracycline tetC (25.17%), tetK (21.06%), tetL (11.70%), clindamycin ermC (17.23%), ermB (7.60%), linezolid cfr (8.22%), optrA (3.62%), poxtA (2.05%), and oxacillin mecA (17.37%)—were amplified from Gram-positive resistant and phenotypically susceptible bacteria. Concerning Gram-negative bacteria, the beta-lactam-resistant genes (blaTEM, blaCIT, blaCTX-M, blaIMP, blaKPC, blaOXA-48-like) represented 57.30% of the amplified ARGs. This study found high antibiotic resistance genes in circulation in the fish food industry chain from the macro- to microenvironment. The obtained data confirmed the diffusion of the “antibiotic resistance phenomenon” and its repercussions on the One-health and food-producing systems.
Focused Chest Pain Assessment for Early Detection of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Development of a Cardiovascular Digital Health Intervention

Background: Chest pain misinterpretation is the leading cause of pre-hospital delay in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aims to identify and differentiate the chest pain characteristics associated with ACS. Methods: A total of 164 patients with a primary complaint of chest pain in the ER were included in the study. ACS diagnosis was made by a cardiologist based on the WHO criteria, and the patients were interviewed 48 hours after their admission. Furthermore, every question was analysed using the crosstabs method to obtain the odds ratio, and logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the model of focused questions on chest pain assessment. Results: Among the samples, 50% of them had an ACS. Four questions fitted the final model of ACS chest pain focused questions: 1) Did the chest pain occur at the left/middle chest? 2) Did the chest pain radiate to the back? 3) Was the chest pain provoked by activity and relieved by rest? 4) Was the chest pain provoked by food ingestion, positional changes, or breathing? This model has 92.7% sensitivity, 84.1% specificity, 85% positive predictive value (PPV), 86% negative predictive value (NPV), and 86% accuracy. After adjusting for gender and diabetes mellitus (DM), the final model has a significant increase in Nagelkerke R-square to 0.737 and Hosmer and Lemeshow test statistic of 0.639. Conclusion: Focused questions on 1) left/middle chest pain, 2) retrosternal chest pain, 3) exertional chest pain that is relieved by rest, and 4) chest pain from food ingestion, positional changes, or breathing triggering can be used to rule out ACS with high predictive value. The findings from this study can be used in health promotion materials and campaigns to improve public awareness regarding ACS symptoms. Additionally, digital health interventions to triage patients’ suffering with chest pain can also be developed.
Supervisee Nondisclosure: Does Relational Humility Matter?

Applying the relational humility model to address gaps in the clinical supervision literature, we tested the interpersonal constructs of relational humility, supervisory working alliance, and relational behavior as predictors of supervisee nondisclosure (i.e., clinically-related and supervision-related nondisclosure). We hypothesized that relational humility moderates the relation between supervisory working alliance and supervision-related nondisclosure and that the supervisory working alliance and relational behavior each uniquely predicts supervisee nondisclosure. Self-report data from 312 trainees in the United States receiving clinical supervision across training settings found relational humility, supervisory working alliance, and relational behavior explained over a quarter of the variance in the multivariate construct of supervisee nondisclosure. Relational humility significantly moderated (and amplified) the inverse relation between the supervisory working alliance and supervision-related nondisclosure. The supervisory working alliance and relational behavior did not uniquely predict clinically-related or supervision-related nondisclosure. Results are discussed for their practical, theoretical, and research implications.
Risk factors for developing subglottic and tracheal stenosis from the medical intensive care unit

Endotracheal intubation is a common procedure in the medical intensive care unit (MICU), but it carries risk of complications including, but not limited to, subglottic stenosis (SGS) and tracheal stenosis (TS). Current literature suggests identifiable risk factors for the development of airway complications. This study is a comprehensive evaluation of potential risk factors in patients who developed SGS and TS following endotracheal intubation in our MICU.
Time-dependent relaxation of charge and energy in electronic nanosystems

The study of the dynamics of strongly confined, interacting open quantum systems has attracted great interest over the past years, due to potential applications in nanoelectronics, metrology as well as quantum information. Most recent experimental and theoretical research in this field has shifted attention towards electronic heat currents, recognizing their potential for practical purposes as well as for tests of fundamental theories, and also aiming to control the inevitable heat dissipation of any dynamically operated electronic device. Using the generalized master equation framework and a novel second quantization approach in Liouville space, the research articles discussed in this thesis contribute to the theory of dynamics in electronic nanosystems in two related ways. On the one hand, we study the voltage-switch induced transient electronic charge and heat current out of a single-level quantum dot with strong local Coulomb interaction into a tunnel-coupled reservoir. The first paper discusses how to measure the decay rates governing the transient response of the quantum dot to the voltage switch; the second paper shows how the induced tunneling processes lead to energy dissipation, in time and in the presence of many-body charging effects. On the other hand, we identify a fundamental relation which represents a generalization of hermiticity for the effective Liouvillian governing the dissipative, nonunitary dynamics of a large class of tunnel-coupled, open fermionic quantum systems. Offering a more systematic way to characterize time-dependent decay, two initially surprising observations in the transient heat current out of the quantum dot studied in the papers turn out to be prime manifestations of this relation, and are shown to be of general nature: the existence of a decay rate that only depends on the coupling itself, and the signature of electron-electron attraction in the transient dynamics of systems with repulsive Coulomb interactions.