Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emerging roles of the gut microbiota in cancer immunotherapy

Gut microbiota represents a hidden treasure vault encompassing trillions of microorganisms that inhabit the intestinal epithelial barrier of the host. In the past decade, numerous in-vitro, animal and clinical studies have revealed the profound roles of gut microbiota in maintaining the homeostasis of various physiological functions, especially immune modulation, and remarkable differences in the configuration of microbial communities between cancers and healthy individuals. In addition, although considerable efforts have been devoted to cancer treatments, there remain many patients succumb to their disease with the incremental cancer burden worldwide. Nevertheless, compared with the stability of human genome, the plasticity of gut microbiota renders it a promising opportunity for individualized treatment. Meanwhile, burgeoning findings indicate that gut microbiota is involved in close interactions with the outcomes of diverse cancer immunotherapy protocols, including immune checkpoint blockade therapy, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. Here, we reviewed the evidence for the capacity of gut microflora to modulate cancer immunotherapies, and highlighted the opportunities of microbiota-based prognostic prediction, as well as microbiotherapy by targeting the microflora to potentiate anticancer efficacy while attenuating toxicity, which will be pivotal to the development of personalized cancer treatment strategies.
Immunophenotypic measurable residual disease monitoring in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) offers a survival benefit to adult patients affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, to avoid an overt disease relapse, patients with pre or post transplant persistence or occurrence of measurable residual disease (MRD) may require cellular or pharmacological interventions with eventual side effects. While the significance of multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) in the guidance of ALL treatment in both adult and pediatric patients is undebated, fewer data are available regarding the impact of MRD monitoring, as assessed by MFC analysis, in the allo-HSCT settings. Aim of this article is to summarize and discuss currently available information on the role of MFC detection of MRD in adult ALL patients undergoing allo-HSCT. The significance of MFC-based MRD according to sensitivity level, timing, and in relation to molecular techniques of MRD and chimerism assessment will be also discussed.
Dividend Policy and Shareholder Wealth: Evidence of Malaysia’s Top Five Listed Food and Beverages Companies

Dividend policy is one of the most debated corporate issues due to unresolved dividend policy effects on shareholder wealth. Hence, this research aims to determine the relationship between dividend policy and shareholder wealth in Malaysia's top five listed Food & Beverages (F&B) companies with the largest market capitalization in 2019. The findings enable financial managers to implement an optimum dividend policy by distributing a reasonable dividend to its shareholders and retaining its growth and survival. Secondary data was collected from the annual report of the top five F&B companies for ten years (2009-2018). The Chow Stability Test, Pooled Ordinary Least Square model (POLS) and Hausman Test were utilised to determine the most appropriate model. Accordingly, Fixed Effect Model (FEM) was the best fit in this study. Results showed that Earnings Volatility (EV) and Dividend Per Share (DPS) had a positively significant relationship while the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) negatively correlated with shareholder wealth. Notably, the results show that DPS was the most significant factor associated with shareholder wealth. Future research may employ a larger sample size to increase the number of observations by enhancing the period quarterly and considering other sectors to be examined.
Detection of Isocyanoacetylene HCCNC in TMC-1

The linear HCCNC molecule, an isomer of cyanoacetylene HCCCN, has been detected in TMC-1 with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope using recent laboratory data reported in 1991 by Kruger et al. The column density of HCCNC in TMC-1 is determined to be 2.9(0.2) × 10 12 cm -2 which is 20-60 times smaller than that of HCCCN
Adolescent Girls’ Safety In and Out of School: Evidence on Physical and Sexual Violence from Across Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract This study characterises rates of physical and sexual violence against adolescent girls and compares rates of violence against girls who are enrolled versus unenrolled in school, to contribute to an understanding of the relative risks associated with school attendance. We look at rates of violence across countries that together represent 80 per cent of sub-Saharan Africa’s girls aged 15–19. The analysis shows high rates of violence overall: 28.8 per cent of girls report having experienced physical or sexual violence. However, in none of the 20 countries do adolescent girls enrolled in school report a statistically significantly higher likelihood of having been sexually assaulted than girls not enrolled in schools. Another source of data sees significantly higher rates in just one country. This pattern of results is robust to the inclusion of a range of control variables, and to analysis using different sub-groups. The evidence on physical violence is more mixed. Girls face significant rates of physical and sexual violence whether they are enrolled in school or not. These findings underline the importance of confronting violence against girls both in school and in the community, with tailored programs appropriate to each setting.
Does Construct Type Matter? A Retrospective Review Comparing Outcomes of Distal Radius Fractures Treated with Standard Volar Plating versus Fragment-Specific Fixation

Abstract Background Treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures (DRFs) rests on anatomic internal fixation. Fragment-specific fixation (FSF) is applied when fracture pattern is too complex for standard volar plating (SVP), oftentimes with potential increased risk of complications. We hypothesized that patients undergoing FSF would achieve less wrist range of motion (ROM) with higher risk of complications compared with SVP. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 159 consecutive patients undergoing DRF fixation from 2017 to 2020. Patients < 18 years old, < 8 weeks' follow-up, open fractures, ipsilateral trauma, and fractures requiring dorsal spanning plate were excluded. Patient demographics, specific construct type, AO fracture classification, ROM, and complications were assessed. ROM was calculated using average flexion, extension, supination, and pronation. t -Tests were used to determine differences in ROM among construct types. Results Ninety-two patients met all inclusion criteria: 59 underwent SVP and 33 underwent FSF. Average wrist ROM for patients undergoing SVP was 57 degrees/50 degrees flexion-extension and 87 degrees/88 degrees supination-pronation; average ROM for patients undergoing FSF was 55 degrees/49 degrees flexion-extension and 88 degrees/89 degrees supination-pronation. No significant differences were identified when comparing final wrist flexion ( p = 0.08), extension ( p = 0.33), supination ( p = 0.35), or pronation ( p = 0.21). Overall reoperation rate was 5% and higher for FSF (12%) versus SVP (2%). Highest reoperation rate was observed in the double volar hook cohort (80%; N = 4). Conclusion Construct type does not appear to affect final ROM if stable internal fixation is achieved. SVP and FSF had similar complication rates; however, double volar hook constructs resulted in increased reoperations likely from fixation failure and plate prominence. Level of Evidence Level IV, retrospective review.
Vaccination against Varicella Zoster Virus Infection in Less Developed Regions of Guangdong, China: A Cross-Sectional Serosurveillance Study

Vaccination is the key to prevent varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection in children. Voluntary and self-funded strategies have led to variable vaccination rates against VZV in China. For low-income populations, in particular, the effects of VZV vaccination have been insufficiently estimated. Community-based serosurveillance was conducted in two less developed regions, Zhanjiang and Heyuan, of Guangdong, China. Anti-VZV IgG antibodies in serum were detected by ELISA. The vaccination data were derived from the Guangdong Immune Planning Information System. A total of 4221 participants were involved, of which 3377 were from three counties of Zhanjiang and the other 844 were from one county of Heyuan, Guangdong, China. The total VZV IgG seropositivity rate in vaccinated individuals was 34.30% and 42.76%, while it was 89.61% and 91.62% in non-vaccinated populations of Zhanjiang and Heyuan, respectively. The seropositivity rate increased gradually with age, reaching ~90% in the >20- to 30-year-old group. The VarV vaccination rates of children aged 1–14 years were 60.47% for one dose and 6.20% for two doses in Zhanjiang, and 52.24% for one dose and 4.48% for two doses in Heyuan. Compared with the non-vaccinated group (31.19%) and one-dose group (35.47%), the positivity rate of anti-VZV IgG antibodies was significantly higher in the two-dose group (67.86%). Before the VarV policy was reformed, the anti-VZV IgG positivity rate was 27.85% in the one-dose-vaccinated participants, which increased to 30.43% after October 2017. The high seroprevalence in participants was due to infection of VZV in Zhanjiang and Heyuan, not vaccination against VZV. Children aged 0–5 years are still vulnerable to varicella, so a two-dose vaccination program should be implemented to prevent onward transmission of VZV.
External Positivity of Discrete-Time Linear Systems: Transfer Function Conditions and Output Feedback

This article develops an optimization-based synthesis procedure for fixed-order output-feedback controllers, ensuring a stable closed-loop system with a monotonic step response and rejection of persistent disturbances. This result is based on a unified set of external positivity conditions for discrete-time linear systems. The conditions are derived using an alternative technique for the inverse ${\mathcal {Z}}$-transform of rational transfer functions based on Bell polynomials and a convenient recurrence relation for the impulse response. Our approach yields a necessary and sufficient condition expressed as polynomial inequalities in the transfer function coefficients. Under additional assumptions, we derive a sequence of weaker but numerically more tractable conditions, leading to an efficient controller synthesis procedure.
Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis immunity among healthcare professionals and pregnant women in the Moscow region, Russian federation: A preliminary cross-sectional study

Despite more than 50 years of primary immunization against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus in Russia, complicated illnesses, including fatal ones, still occur. The goal of this preliminary cross-sectional study is to see how well pregnant women and healthcare workers are protected against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. The required sample size (pregnant women and healthcare professionals, as well as pregnant women of two age categories) for this preliminary cross-sectional study was calculated using a confidence value of 0.95 and a probability of 0.05. The required number of participants in each group calculated sample size must be at least 59 people. In the Moscow region (Solnechnogorsk city, Russia), a cross-sectional study of pregnant patients and healthcare professionals interacting with children regularly as part of their job from numerous medical organizations was conducted in the year 2021 (n = 655). Antibodies to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis toxoids and microorganisms were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The STATISTICA and IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 were used to process the study results statistically. Descriptive statistics methods, the Mann–Whitney U-test, discriminant analysis with the stepwise selection and analysis of ROC-curves were applied. IgG against diphtheria was found in 99.5% of pregnant women, tetanus in 91.5%, and pertussis in only 36.5%. According to the results of the discriminant analysis, the value of IgG to pertussis is linked to the value of IgA to pertussis and the gestational periods. Immunity to diphtheria was discovered in 99.1% of medical personnel, tetanus in 96.9%, and pertussis in 43.9%, no significant variations with age. When comparing the levels of immunity of pregnant women and healthcare professionals, it was shown that healthcare workers have greater levels of immunity against diphtheria and tetanus. The novel contribution of this study is that it will reveal the proportion of those vulnerable to pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus among health workers and pregnant women in all age groups under the current national immunization program in Russia. Considering the data obtained from the preliminary cross-sectional study, we believe that it is necessary to conduct a full-scale study on a larger sample and, based on that, make certain changes to the national immunization program in Russia.
DYNAMICS OF GIANT GRAVITONS FROM YOUNG DIAGRAMS

In this dissertation we study the dynamics of excited giant gravitons. Giant gravitons are spherical membranes with a D3-brane dipole charge. Giant gravitons are excited by attaching open strings to them. We develop techniques to compute the one-loop anomalous dimensions of operators in the N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory which are dual to open strings ending on boundstates of sphere giant gravitons. The results presented in this dissertation are applicable to excitations involving an arbitrary number of strings. We consider open strings which carry angular momentum on an S embedded in the S of the AdS5×S background. The problem of computing the one-loop anomalous dimensions is replaced by the problem of diagonalizing an interacting Cuntz oscillator Hamiltonian. We provide evidence that our Cuntz oscillator dynamics show how Chan-Paton factors emerge dynamically.
An Energy Method for Analyzing Magnetoelastic Buckling and Bending of Ferromagnetic Plates in Static Magnetic Fields

Based on an energy method analyses of magnetoelastic buckling and bending of ferromagnetic thin plates in transverse, oblique, and longitudinal fields are performed in this paper. A general expression of the critical magnetic field of the plate in a transverse field is presented. It is shown that the critical magnetic field is not only related to the ratio of the thickness to the cantilevered length, but also to the susceptibility and the demagnetizing 'factors that are primarily dependent on the ratios of the thickness to width and the thickness to the total length, In different cases, main factors that affect the critical magnetic field are discussed. Theoretical predictions agree with experimental results reasonably.
Preconditioning of Summer Melt Ponds From Winter Sea Ice Surface Temperature

Comparing helicopter‐borne surface temperature maps in winter and optical orthomosaics in summer from the year‐long Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate expedition, we find a strong geometric correlation between warm anomalies in winter and melt pond location the following summer. Warm anomalies are associated with thinner snow and ice, that is, surface depression and refrozen leads, that allow for water accumulation during melt. Warm surface temperature anomalies in January were 0.3–2.5 K warmer on sea ice that later formed melt ponds. A one‐dimensional steady‐state thermodynamic model shows that the observed surface temperature differences are in line with the observed ice thickness and snow depth. We demonstrate the potential of seasonal prediction of summer melt pond location and coverage from winter surface temperature observations. A threshold‐based classification achieves a correct classification for 41% of the melt ponds.
Dimensions of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Correlate with Impulsivity and Personality Traits among Youth Patients with Depression

The heterogeneity of symptoms in young patients with major depression disorder makes it difficult to properly identify and diagnose. Therefore, the appropriate evaluation of mood symptoms is important in early intervention. The aim of this study was to (a) establish dimensions of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) in adolescents and young adults and (b) perform correlations between the identified dimensions and psychological variables (impulsivity, personality traits). This study enrolled 52 young patients with major depression disorder (MDD). The severity of the depressive symptoms was established using the HDRS-17. The factor structure of the scale was studied using the principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation. The patients completed the self-reported Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). The three dimensions of the HDRS-17 identified as core in adolescent and young patients with MDD were (1) psychic depression/motor retardation, (2) disturbed thinking, and (3) sleep disturbances/anxiety. In our study, dimension 1 correlated with reward dependence and cooperativeness; dimension 2 correlated with non-planning impulsivity, harm avoidance, and self-directedness; and dimension 3 correlated with reward dependence. Conclusions: Our study supports the previous findings, which indicate that a certain set of clinical features (including the HDRS-17 dimensions, not only total score) may represent a vulnerability pattern that characterizes patients with depression.
Anisotropic rigid rotor potential energy function for H2O–H2

We have calculated the interaction for H2O–H2 at 722 points on a five‐dimensional surface where both molecules are treated as rigid rotators and we have fitted the ab initio points to a 48‐term angular expansion of products of spherical harmonics and rotation matrices. The resulting potential energy function shows strong angle dependence with a large contribution from electrostatic interactions. When averaged over H2 orientations, the resulting water‐atom‐like surface is found to have zero crossing and minimum at similar distances to the corresponding H2O–He surface but to be generally more repulsive at short range and more attractive at long range. The isotropic average of the potential has a zero‐crossing radius σ=3.05 A and a well depth e=49.5 cm−1 at an intermolecular separation Rm=3.52 A.
On the diffusivity of cosmic ray transport

[1] A common assumption in particle transport theory is the assumption of diffusive propagation, corresponding to a linear increase of the mean square displacement of particle orbits with time. In recent years, however, several authors have discovered nondiffusive transport in observations and in test particle simulations. Some analytical theories also predict subdiffusion or superdiffusion of charged particles. In this article, a recently developed test particle code is employed to explore diffusive and nondiffusive transport regimes. For slab, two-component, and isotropic turbulence the simulations are performed for different particle energies. It is demonstrated that, in most cases, cross-field transport is indeed subdiffusive. The level of subdiffusivity is sensitively controlled by the turbulence geometry.
Metacognitive Illusions: A Positivity Effect in Judgments of Learning for Older but Not Younger Adults

The positivity effect for metacognitive judgments (judgments of learning, JOLs) of emotional words in recognition memory was shown in older adults, in contrast to younger adults, who typically displayed the emotional salience effect. This is compatible with the socioemotional selection theory, which suggests the presence of a positive stimulus bias in older adults’ cognitive processes. This study examined whether the positivity effect and age-related differences could be extended to a picture study to determine whether the positivity effect in older adults is robust in the metacognitive domain. Younger and older adults studied negative, positive, and neutral pictures, followed by JOLs and then a recognition test that asked participants to judge whether the picture was shown in the studying stage or not. Age-related differences were found not only in recognition memory performance for emotional pictures but also in JOLs and their accuracy. Younger adults showed an emotional salience effect for both memory performance and JOLs. Older adults’ JOLs showed a positivity effect, but their actual memory performance was influenced by emotion, and this inconsistency between metacognitive judgments and memory performance is a metacognitive illusion. These findings support the cross-material replicability of a positivity bias in older adults in the metacognitive domain and suggest that we should be cautioned about the detrimental effects of this metacognitive illusion in older adults. It illustrates an age difference in the effect of emotion on individual metacognitive monitoring ability.
The distortion of turbulence by a circular cylinder

The flow of grid-generated turbulence past a circular cylinder is investigated using hot-wire anemometry over a Reynolds number range from 4·25 × 103 to 2·74 × 104 and a range of intensities from 0·025 to 0·062. Measurements of the mean velocity distribution, and r.m.s. intensities and spectral energy densities of the turbulent velocity fluctuations are presented for various radial and circumferential positions relative to the cylinder, and for ratios of the cylinder radius a to the scale of the incident turbulence Lx ranging from 0·05 to 1·42. The influence of upstream conditions on the flow in the cylinder wake and its associated induced velocity fluctuations is discussed. For all measurements, detailed comparison is made with the theoretical predictions of Hunt (1973). We conclude the following. The amplification and reduction of the three components of turbulence (which occur in different senses for the different components) can be explained qualitatively in terms of the distortion by the mean flow of the turbulent vorticity and the ‘blocking’ or ‘source’ effect caused by turbulence impinging on the cylinder surface. The relative importance of the first effect over the second increases as a/Lx increases or the distance from the cylinder surface increases. Over certain ranges of the variables involved, the measurements are in quantitative agreement with the predictions of the asymptotic theory when a/Lx [Lt ] 1, a/Lx [Gt ] 1 or |k| a [Gt ] 1 (where k is the wavenumber). The incident turbulence affects the gross properties of the flow in the cylinder wake, but the associated velocity fluctuations are probably statistically independent of those in the incident flow. The dissipation of turbulent energy is greater in the straining flow near the cylinder than in the approach flow. Some estimates for this effect are proposed.