Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of toxicological characteristics of a complex antiemeric drug based on maduramycin and nicarbazine

The aim: to determine the parameters of acute toxicity of the preparative form of an antiemeric agent based on maduramycin and nicarbazine for white mice, white rats and guinea pigs with a single oral administration. Materials and methods. Determination of acute toxicity of the formulation by oral administration was performed on 48 adult male mice, 48 adult nonlinear male rats, 48 adult male guinea pigs. To conduct an experiment on the principle analogues were formed seven experimental and one control group, 6 animal each. The dose of the formulation was calculated individually based on body weight values. It should be noted that the total volume of the emulsion of the formulation administered orally is not exceeded 1.0 cmper 100 gram b. w. Results. Toxicometric parameters of the formulation were calculated by the method of least squares for probit analysis of mortality curves. It was found that the LD50 of the preparative form of antiemeric agent for white mice for a single oral administration is 238.05±28.08 mg/kg, LD16 – 128.71 mg/kg, LD84 – 347.39 mg/kg, LD100 402, 06 mg/kg body weight, respectively. LD50 of the preparative form of antiemeric agent for white rats with a single oral administration is 260.51±28.83 mg/kg, LD16 – 148.39 mg/kg, LD84 – 372.65 mg/kg, LD100 – 428.71 mg/kg body weight, respectively. LD50 of the preparative form of antiemeric agent for guinea pigs for a single oral administration is 275±21.12 mg/kg, LD16 – 201.74 mg/kg, LD84 – 348.25 mg/kg, LD100 – 384.88 mg/kg body weight body respectively. Conclusions. According to SOU 85.2-37-736: 2011 "Veterinary drugs. Determination of acute toxicity” preparative form of a complex antiemeric agent based on maduramycin and nicarbazine on the degree of toxicity can be attributed to moderately dangerous substances (3rd hazard class)
Urban Public Works in Spatial Equilibrium: Experimental Evidence from Ethiopia

This paper evaluates a large urban public works program randomly rolled out across neighborhoods of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We find that the program increased public employment and reduced private labor supply among beneficiaries and improved local amenities in treated locations. We then combine a spatial equilibrium model and unique commuting data to estimate the spillover effects of the program on wages across neighborhoods: under full program roll-out, wages increased by 18.7%. Using our model, we show that welfare gains to the poor are six times larger when we include the indirect effects on private wages and local amenities. JEL Codes: I38, J61, O18, R23. ∗Franklin: Queen Mary University London, s.franklin@qmul.ac. uk. Imbert: University of Warwick, BREAD, CEPR, EUDN and JPAL, c.imbert@warwick.ac. uk. Abebe: World Bank. Mejia-Mantilla: World Bank. We would like to thank Stefano Caria, Emanuela Galasso, Morgan Hardy, Seema Jayachandran, Gabriel Kreindler, Yuhei Miyauchi, Joan Monras, Karthik Muralidharan, Paul Niehaus, Michael Peters, Barbara Petrongolo, Debraj Ray, Marta Santamaria, Gabriel Ulyssea, Eric Verhoogen, Christina Wieser, Yanos Zylberberg, as well as participants at various seminars and conferences for their comments. The paper benefited from early discussions with Miriam Bruhn, Ruth Hill and David McKenzie. All remaining errors are ours. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank, its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. We acknowledge funding from The Jobs Umbrella Multidonor Trust Fund (MDTF) at the World Bank.
Predicting Stock Return with Economic Constraint: Can Interquartile Range Truncate the Outliers?

We find that imposing economic constraint on stock return forecasts based on the Interquartile Range of equity premium can significantly strengthen predictive performance. Specifically, we construct a judgment mechanism that truncates the outliers in forecasts of stock return. We prove that our constraint approach can realize more accurate predictive information relative to the unconstraint approach from the perspective of statistics and economics. In addition, the new constraint approach can effectively defeat CT constraint and CDA strategy. -e three mixed models we proposed can further enhance the accuracy of prediction, especially the mixed model combined with our constraint approach. Finally, utilizing our new constraint approach can help investors obtain considerable economic gains. With the application of extension and robustness analysis, our results are robust.
Regional cerebral blood flow estimated by /sup 133/Xe inhalation

A method is described for estimating the clearance rate and fractional blood flow of the fast (gray matter) compartment of the brain from the first ten minutes of /sup 133/Xe clearance curves, following a one-minute inhalation. Computer-simulated data were used to test the adequacy of the two-compartmental model employed and to evaluate the stability of the parameters in the presence of random noise. A comparison was made between this approach and the previously reported three-compartmental analysis. Regional cerebral blood flow data were obtained on 48 young control subjects and 20 elderly demented patients. Hemispheral, regional, and test-retest variations were determined, as well as differences between the groups.
Bacterial and abiotic decay in waterlogged archaeological Picea abies (L.) Karst studied by confocal Raman imaging and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy

Abstract Waterlogged archaeological Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst] poles were studied by means of confocal Raman imaging (CRI) and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis to determine lignin and polysaccharide composition and distribution in the cell wall. The waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) was submerged under anoxic conditions for approximately 400 years and solely decayed by erosion bacteria (EB). CRI showed that decayed tracheids contain a residual material (RM) with heterogeneous lignin distribution; within the same tracheid RM often contained regions with intensities lower than sound S2 layers up to intensity values as high as the compound middle lamella (CML). CRI revealed strong depletion of carbohydrates in RM which indicated that EB are able to utilise the carbohydrate fraction of the cell wall effectively. Raman bands assigned to lignin did not show any difference between RM and sound S2. This is a hint that EB do not modify the lignin structure. Sound WAW free from EB decay showed evidence of loss of acetyl groups in glucomannan, loss of un-conjugated ester linkages in the lignin-carbohydrate complexes between xylan and lignin, and minor oxidation of the lignin polymer compared to recent reference material. This is evidence for abiotic decay in the course of waterlogging.
Elective Laparoscopic Resections and Laparoscopic Colostomy Reversal Procedures for Diverticular Disease of the Colon

Introduction: Diverticular disease of the colon and its complications is a frequent pathology in representatives of Western civilization. Most often, acute and chronic diverticulitis, bleeding from diverticulums, the formation of strictures and fistulas of the colon develop. Diverticulum perforation is still one of the leading causes of emergency laparotomy and colostomy. The choice of surgical tactics for acute diverticulitis complicated by abscess and peritonitis remains a matter of debate. Even less unambiguous are approaches to determining indications for elective colon resection for diverticular disease. The introduction of laparoscopic technologies into colorectal surgery allowed us to take a fresh look at the elective resection of the colon for diverticular disease. The use of laparoscopic technologies during reconstructive surgery can improve the immediate results of treatment of patients. Aim: Implementation in clinical practice and obtaining own experience of elective laparoscopic surgical interventions in the management of complicated diverticular disease of the colon. Materials and Methods: Fourteen patients with diverticular colon disease were operated using laparoscopic techniques and the formation of a large intestine anastomosis. In five patients (46%), only laparoscopic colon resection was performed with a large intestine anastomosis due to diverticular disease complicated by recurrent diverticulitis. Nine patients (64%) underwent laparoscopically assisted reconstructive surgery for a colostomy formed by a diverticular disease of the colon complicated by acute diverticulitis. patients with diverticular colon disease were operated using laparoscopic techniques and the formation of a large intestine anastomosis. In five patients (46%), only laparoscopic colon resection was performed with a large bowel anastomosis due to diverticular disease complicated by recurrent diverticulitis. Nine patients (64%) underwent laparoscopically assisted reconstructive surgery for a colostomy formed by a diverticular disease of the colon complicated by acute diverticulitis. Results and Discussion: Surgery was successful in all patients. High duration of operations and low blood loss were noted. Colonic anastomosis is formed in all patients. Stapler anastomosis performed in 71% of patients, manual anastomosis in 29% of patients. One patient with a low colorectal anastomosis had a preventive loop ileostomy. Conversions of operative access to laparotomy and postoperative mortality were not. Class II complication developed in one patient. A short duration of the postoperative period and a short stay in the intensive care unit, low intensity of the pain syndrome and early restoration of bowel function were recorded. Conclusion: The resulting experience confirms the need to use laparoscopic techniques in patients with diverticular disease of the colon. A small number of complications and good immediate results allow us to predict a wider use of such operations in patients with diverticular disease.
Characteristics and Meteorological Factors of Severe Haze Pollution in China

A severe haze pollution incident caused by unfavorable weather conditions and a northern air mass occurred in eastern, northern, northwestern, and southwestern China from January 15 to January 22, 2018. To comparatively analyze variations in PM2.5 pollution, hourly monitoring data and 24 hmeteorological data were collected. Air quality observations revealed large spatiotemporal variation in PM2.5 concentrations in Handan, Zhengzhou, Xi’an, Yuncheng, Chengdu, Xiangyang, and Jinan. ,e daily mean PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 111.35 to 227.23 μg·m3, with concentration being highest in Zhengzhou. Hourlymean PM2.5 concentration presented multiple U-shaped curves, with higher values at night and lower values during the day. ,e ratios of PM2.5 to PM10 were large in target cities and the results ofmultiscale geographic weighted regressionmodel (MGWR) and Pearson correlation coefficients showed that PM2.5 had a significant positive or negative correlation with PM10, CO, NO2, and SO2. ,e concentration of PM2.5 was closely related to the combustion of fossil fuels and other organic compounds, indicating the large contribution of secondary aerosols to PM2.5 concentrations. ,e analysis of meteorological conditions showed that low temperature, low wind speed, and high relative humidity could aggravate the accumulation of regional pollutants in winter. Northwestern trajectory clusters were predominant contributions except in Jinan, and the highest PM2.5 concentrations in target cities were associated with short trajectory clusters in winter. ,e potential sources calculated by Weight Potential Source Contribution Function (WPSCF) and Weight ConcentrationWeighted Trajectory (WCWT)models were similar and the highest values of theWPSCF (>0.5) and theWCWT (>100 μg·m3) were mainly distributed in densely populated, industrial, arid, and semiarid regions.
Profitability analysis of smallholder cocoa production in South West Region of Cameroon

Over the years, cocoa production in Cameroon has served as a source of employment for many smallholder farmers. However, aging trees amongst other factors is a limiting factor in the productivity of cocoa. The study compared the economic performances of different crop ages of smallholder cocoa production using primary data obtained by means of semi-structured questionnaires. Multi-stage random sampling was adopted to select 120 farmers. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgetary analysis approaches. The results revealed that cocoa production is male-dominated (89.2%) with limited land ownership (37.5%) and access to extension service (8.3%). It was established that cocoa production was profitable with pooled Net Farm Income (NFI) of 79 485 FCFA/ha and a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of 1.41. Comparing profitability of three different crop-age ranges: 30, the crop aged group 10 - 30 years outperformed the others on all profitability ratios. Thus, it is recommended that for the sustainability of the cocoa sector, farmers should start considering the rehabilitation of their farms only after 30 years. Key words: Profitability, gross margin analysis, cocoa, crop-age performance, Cameroon
Stateful KEM: Towards Optimal Robust Combiner for Key Encapsulation Mechanism

A (1 , n ) -robust combiner combines n cryptography primitives to construct a new primitive of the same type, and guarantees that if any of the ingredient primitive is secure, then the resulting primitive is secure. In recent two decades, robust combiners for various crypto primitives (e.g. public key encryption, oblivious transfer) have been proposed. Very recently, more works on robust combiners for post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism appear to achieve multi-layer of defence, to counter the future threat from Shor’s algorithm running on powerful quantum computers. However, typically such combination of n crypto primitives will sum up running times of all ingredient primitives and thus introduce linear overhead in time complexity, which may be a big burden on server side, since the server has to run key encapsulation mechanism (or key exchange protocol) with every online client. We propose the very ﬁrst robust combiner (of KEMs), with O (1) amortized complexity overhead, which not only breaks the linear boundary, but also achieves optimal complexity. Our experiments also conﬁrm that the performance overhead of our robust combiner of n KEMs is constant (i.e. O (1) ) rather than linear (i.e. O ( n ) ). Our cost is that, the resulting KEM has to maintain a secret dynamic state of ﬁxed and linear size (i.e. O ( n ) ) . We call such KEM as Stateful Key Encapsulation Mechanism (SKEM). SKEM is suitable for two users (or devices), who will have frequent secure communications (e.g. via VPN or SSH). We also formally deﬁne the security formulation for SKEM and prove the security of our proposed SKEM scheme in standard model.
The Dynamics of Referral Hiring and Racial Inequality: Evidence from Brazil

We study how referral hiring contributes to racial inequality in firm-level labor demand over the firm’s life cycle using data from Brazil. We consider a search model where referral networks are segregated, firms are more informed about the match quality of referred candidates, and some referrals are made by nonreferred employees. Consistent with the model, we find that firms are more likely to hire candidates and less likely to dismiss employees of the same race as the founder, but these differences diminish as firms’ cumulative hires increase. Referral hiring helps to explain racial differences in dismissals, seniority, and employer size.
0 Ju l 2 02 1 Local entropy theory and descriptive complexity

We investigate local entropy theory, particularly the properties of having uniform positive entropy and completely positive entropy, from a descriptive settheoretic point of view. We show natural classes of dynamical systems which form Borel sets as well as coanalytic non-Borel sets. In particular, we show that the class of systems with uniform positive entropy and the class of systems with the shadowing property having completely positive entropy is Borel. Meanwhile, the class of mixing systems on a Cantor space is coanalytic but not Borel, and the class of systems on the interval and other orientable manifolds with CPE is coanalytic complete.
Evaluation of Yield Responses of five Water Yam (Dioscorea alata) Genotypes to Varying Rates of NPK (15:15:15) Fertilizer in an Ultisol. Ndaeyo,

Yield responses of five genotypes of Dioscorea alata (TDa 00/00060, TDa 02/00812, TDa 02/00019, TDa 02/00019, TDa 00/00060 and Uyo local), NPK fertilizer rates (300 and 400kg) and three yield components (seed tuber yield, ware tuber yield and total tuber yield (t/ha) were evaluated. Particle size analysis showed that sand fractions was 91.40% and 84.80% at 0-15 and 15-30cm depths, respectively, followed by clay, 6.40 and 10.20%, and silt 2.20 and 5.00% respectively. The soil phosphorus content was high (212.31 and 255.91 at 0-15 and 15-30cm depths, respectively) whereas the organic matter content, total nitrogen, and exchangeable bases were below critical values at both 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depths. Results also revealed that the yield of D. alata genotypes differed significantly (P<0.05) with fertilizer application. Highest seed tuber yield (17.27 t/ha was obtained with TDa 00/00060 at 400kg/ha application rates. While the least (0.97 t/ha) was obtained with local variety at 0kg/ha application rate. Similarly, ware tuber yield was highest (6.23 t/ha) in TDa 00/00060 at 400kg/ha rate but least (1.10 t/ha) in TDa 02/000812 receiving 0kg/ha fertilizer. The total tuber yield was highest 923.50 t/ha) in TDa 00/00060 receiving 400kg/ha fertilizer and least (6.24 t/ha) in local variety receiving 0kg/ha. The finding of this experiment recommends 400kg/ha fertilizer application for optimum production of Dioscorea alata in the area. [Ndaeyo, N. U. , Akpan, E. E. , Bassey, E. E. , Mbong, E. O. , George, U. U. Evaluation of Yield Responses of five Water Yam (Dioscorea alata) Genotypes to Varying Rates of NPK (15:15:15) Fertilizer in an Ultisol. J Am Sci 2021;17(7):39-44]ISSN 15451003 (print); ISSN 23757264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience. org 5.doi:10.7537/marsjas190721.05.
Relationship Between International Factoring and Cross-border Trade: A Granger Causality Approach

Trade finance is integral for international trade as it offers fluidity and safety to the movement of merchandise and services globally. After the financial crisis of 2008–2009, there has been an increase in the use of open accounts, which enhances the possibilities for availing factoring for international trade. International factoring has witnessed considerable growth in the last decade. This article examines the relationship between international factoring and cross-border trade using Granger causality. It also examines the causal relations of international factoring with disaggregated data of cross-border trade of imports and exports. We find a unidirectional causal flow from international trade to international factoring, and a unidirectional casual flow from exports to international factoring. JEL Classification: F10, F30
Narratives of Change: Identity and Recognition Dynamics in the Process of Moving Away From a Life Dominated by Drug Use

The concepts of identity and recovery capital are recognized as being an embedded part of moving away from a life dominated by drug use. However, the link between these two concepts and the effect of broader social structures, and the normative assumptions underpinning the condition of recovery, is less explored. This article focuses on the social practices of everyday life in the foreground of identity formation, meaning that “who I am” is an inseparable part of “what I do. ” A narrative approach was employed to analyze qualitative follow-up data extracted from 48 in-depth interviews with 17 males and females with drug-using experience that were conducted posttreatment on three separate occasions over a period of 2.5 years. Theories of identity formation were employed to analyze the interdependent dynamic between social structure, persona and social resources, and way of life and identity. The analyses identified four narratives related to how people present themselves through the process of changing practices. Following the work of Honneth, we argue that the positive identity formation revealed in these narratives is best understood as a struggle for recognition via the principle of achievement. However, the participants’ self-narratives reflected cultural stories—specified as formula stories—of “normality,” “addiction,” and the “addict,” which work into the concepts of self and confine options of storying experiences during the recovery process. This study demonstrate that the process of recovery is culturally embedded and constitutes a process of adaption to conventional social positions and roles. We suggest challenging dominant discourses related to “addiction as a disease” and “normality” in order to prevent stigma related to drug use and recovery. In so doing, it may contribute to broaden conditions for identity (trans)formation for people in recovery.
A Green Modified Microsphere of Chitosan Encapsulating Dimethyl Fumarate and Cross-Linked by Vanillin and Its Application for Litchi Preservation

A green sustained delivery biomaterial was prepared to encapsulate dimethyl fumarate (DMF) by an emulsion–cross-linking method for sustained release. The average size of the microspheres was 20–150 μm. The highest encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency were 85.7 and 13.2%, respectively. The release of DMF in phosphate buffer saline followed a Fickian diffusion. In addition, the results of inhibition zone showed that DMF-loaded microspheres exhibited antimicrobial and antifungal properties much better than those of CS microspheres. Furthermore, weight loss of treated fruit was reduced insignificantly, and storage time was extended with the stable quality of litchi as compared with that of the control group. Thus, the microspheres were synthesized successfully as a sustained delivery system for DMF, which might have broad prospect and development value in preservation of fruits and vegetables.
Educational Administration Research in Comparative Education, 1995–2018

For the past several decades there has been a solid research and policy consensus that school level leadership is an important lever for school improvement and is an integral component of the policy implementation process. Although broadly concerned with both improvement and policy implementation, the field of comparative education has engaged questions of school level leadership and administration in peer reviewed research unevenly at best. This article is a systematic review of the articles published about school level leadership and administration in 11 comparative education journals from 1995 to 2018. A conceptual organizer developed inductively from analysis of 109 articles is described. This organizer reveals the emphases and omissions of these journals’ engagement of the topic. We conclude by identifying avenues for and benefits to linking comparative education and educational administration research traditions more explicitly, in part by using our conceptual organizer as a potential starting point.
Equidistribution and inequalities for partitions into powers by Alexandru Ciolan

If pk(a,m, n) denotes the number of partitions of n into kth powers with a number of parts that is congruent to a modulo m, then p2(0, 2, n) ∼ p2(1, 2, n) and the sign of the difference p2(0, 2, n)−pk(1, 2, n) alternates with the parity of n, as proven by recent work of the author (2020). In this paper, we place the problem in a broader framework. By analytic arguments using the circle method and Gauss sums estimates, we show that the same results hold for any k ≥ 2. By combinatorial arguments, we show that the sign of the difference pk(0, 2, n) − pk(1, 2, n) depends on the parity of n for a larger class of partitions.