Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diabetic pneumopathy: A study of induced sputum and pulmonary function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective: To evaluate the cellularity, and albumin and interleukin(IL)-1 levels in induced sputum (IS), and to determinerespiratory function parameters in patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus (DM2). Design: A cross-section study in type 2diabetes mellitus. Participants: Patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus and healthy people. Methods: Patients in both groupshad normal chest x-ray findings. Exclusion criteria for bothgroups were: the presence of current pulmonary disease orsequelae, smoking, respiratory atopy, or respiratory infectionin the past 3 months. The study consisted of two sub-studies.In sub-study 1 (SS1), measurements of pulmonary volume andflow, and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) wereperformed. In sub-study 2 (SS2), analysis of cellularity, albumin,and IL-1 in IS was performed. Results: In all, 60 patients(45 women, 75%) with DM2 with a mean age of 59.52 years (SD,9.03) were included in SS1. The DM2 group included 8 patientswith airway obstruction (13.33%) without reversibility withbronchodilators, and 9 with restrictive disease (15.00 %) (p =0.026). The DLCO was reduced in 17 patients (28.33%) in theDM2 group. In the control group, all individuals had valueswithin the reference intervals. Lymphocytosis was found inthe IS of patients with DM2 (p = 0.028). The levels of sputumalbumin showed no statistical difference between the twogroups. Conclusion: Our findings indicate the presence ofpulmonary impairment in DM2, characterized by changes inthe respiratory function and a lymphocytosis in IS.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus type 2; Induced sputum;Lymphocytes.
Abstract—Silicon photonics can provide ultra-compact and high-performance building blocks for integrated laser sources, such as micro-ring resonators, beam combiners and gratings. Integrating III-V gain material with silicon photonic integrated circuits enables the realization of advanced laser sour

Silicon photonics can provide ultra-compact and high-performance building blocks for integrated laser sources, such as micro-ring resonators, beam combiners and gratings. Integrating III-V gain material with silicon photonic integrated circuits enables the realization of advanced laser sources and fully integrated photonics systems for optical communication and sensing applications. The availability of III-V/silicon laser sources operating in the 2-2.5 μm short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength range is very valuable for spectroscopic sensing since many important industrial gases and blood glucose have absorption bands in this wavelength range. In this paper, first we present our latest results on heterogeneously integrated III-V-on-silicon distributed feedback (DFB) laser arrays. A III-V-on-silicon DFB laser array covering the 2.27-2.39 μm wavelength range with 6 nm wavelength spacing is reported. This DFB laser array is employed as the light source for tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy of different gases. A four-channel DFB laser array integrated with a beam combiner is used to perform spectroscopic sensing over a 7nm spectral range without mode hopping at room temperature. Finally, we present our recent advances in widely tunable Vernier lasers based on heterogeneous integration and butt-coupling of the gain section. Continuous tuning near the absorption lines by thermally adjusting the laser cavity length enable highresolution TDLAS measurements together with wide wavelength coverage.
DETAILED STUDY PROTOCOL TITLE: Omega-3 Fatty Acids for MDD with High Inflammation: A Personalized Approach

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and disabling, with a lifetime prevalence of 16.2% (Kessler et al, 2003), and an annual cost over $80 billion in the United States (Greenberg et al, 1990, 2003), exceeding that of many other diseases. The lifetime risk for suicide is over 4-fold greater among the depressed than the nondepressed (Bostwick et al, 2000), and mortality from all causes is 1.5 to 2 times greater in depressed individuals (Hirshfeld et al, 1994). Despite the growing number of marketed antidepressants, between 19-34% of patients with MDD still do not respond to acute antidepressant treatment, 29-46% may fail to achieve and sustain a full remission (Fava and Davidson, 1996), and between 15-50% will have a recurrence of depression despite continuous antidepressant treatment (Fava, 2000). For the relatively large proportion of individuals that does not respond or is intolerant to antidepressants, alternative treatment options are very important.
Evaluation of Medicinal Plant Extract Versus Traditional Medicament Used for Vital Pulpotomy of Primary Molars

Purpose: To evaluate clinically, radiographically and histologically the postoperative success of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) and formocreosl (FC) in pulpotomy procedures for primary teeth. Materials and Method: 70 Primary molars found in 27 patients were selected according to inclusion criteria. In the first part of the study pulpotomy was accomplished in 22 patients having 60 teeth (30 each group) and depending on the type of radicular pulp medicament, the teeth were divided randomly and equally into 2 groups: Group I(FC) and Group II (ABS). Clinical follow up was done after 1,3,6 and 9 months.Periapical radiographs were taken at 3 ,6 and 9 months follow up visits . In the second part of the study 10 primary molars were found in 5 patients planned for extraction due to orthodontic purpose were treated by pulpotomy procedure. Teeth were divided into2 groups(5 each group) and the teeth were extracted after 2 months for observation under light microscope. Results: No statistically significant difference between groups in the overall cumulative clinical or radiographic success at follow up periods. Histopathological examination revealed dentin bridge formation and continuous regular arrangement of odontoblastic layer at the pulp dentin junction along the root length in primary molars treated with ABS while FC specimens revealed Severe pulp hyperemia with thrombus formation at the entrance of pulp canal. Conclusion: ABS can be considered as good natural alternative to FC in primary molars pulpotomy.
EXTENSION OF THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE MODEL TOWARDS ELECTROHYDRODYNAMIC VARIABLE DENSITY FLOWS

The unavailability of suitable closure models for electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flows makes numerical simulation research largely dependant on Direct Numerical Simulations (DNSs). Engineering studies also rely on Reynolds-Averaged NavierStokes (RANS) simulations in order to predict the flow dynamics, often with little success since the small scale physical processes, which have to be parameterized, are not fully understood. A possible alternative is to resort to stochastic turbulence approaches, e.g. the One-Dimensional Turbulence (ODT) model. In contrast to traditional turbulence modelling, where the modelling focuses on the characterization of certain smaller physical length scale effects, ODT is able to resolve all relevant physical scales on a reduced dimension [3, 4]. Physical insight can then be gained via detailed parameter studies, which are feasible due to the more economical computational power required. In this study, a novel formulation for the ODT model is presented. The new approach is based on a previous variable density formulation for closed systems from [6], adapted to cylindrical coordinates [5], and recently extended to incorporate EHD effects as part of the eddy selection process in ODT [7]. The variable density formulation for closed systems has allowed reasonable results for characteristic streamwise heat transfer profiles in pipe flows. Preliminary results for the streamwise bulk Nusselt number profile, obtained with a spatial ODT formulation in a heated pipe flow configuration analogous to [2], are shown in Figure 1(a). The incorporation of EHD effects into the model has also allowed the analysis of incompressible velocity profiles under the influence of electrostatic body forces as in [9], see Figure 1(b). The new model formulation presented here aims to evaluate the heat transfer enhancement produced by EHD body forces in turbulent pipe flows. In this context, relations between the bulk Nusselt and Reynolds number, as well as the EHD number or the electric Reynolds number will be discussed and analysed, as in [8]. Results will also be presented and compared with recent experimental measurements [1]. This work is yet another contribution towards the milestone of achieving a fully consistent formulation for EHD flows in ODT.
Appraisal of challenges encountered by undergraduate technology education students in other degree-awarding institution in North-Eastern Nigeria

The purpose of the study is to appraise the problems often encountered by undergraduate technology education students in other degree awarding institutions in north-eastern Nigeria. Three purposes, research question and hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The area of the study was North-eastern Nigeria and the population of the study comprises of 154 bachelor degree students in the two degreeawarding institutions offering technology education programme Federal Colleges of Education (Technical) in Gombe and Potiskum. The entire population was used for the study. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The instrument has a reliability coefficient of 0.77. One hundred and forty three copies of the instrument were administered, but only 139 were properly filled and returned. Mean was used to analyze the data to answer the research questions, while z-Test was used to analyze the data for testing the three null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings from the study indicate that undergraduate technology education students in other degree awarding institutions are encountering admission, instruction, and examination-related challenges. It is therefore recommended among others that Other degree awarding institutions should organize orientation exercise for their newly admitted students; NUC should ensure that only institutions with adequate facilities are granted the approval to mount degree programmes in technology education; Universities should ensure that the degree results of their affiliate institutions are considered, approved, and released as quickly as possible; Universities should ensure that the graduates of their affiliate institutions are timely mobilized for the NYSC.
DscoreApp: A Shiny Web Application for the Computation of the Implicit Association Test D-Score

Several options are available for computing the most common score for the Implicit Association Test, the so-called D-score. However, all these options come with some drawbacks, related to either the need for a license, for being tailored on a specific administration procedure, or for requiring a degree of familiarity with programming. By using the R shiny package, a user-friendly, interactive, and open source web application (DscoreApp) has been created for the D-score computation. This app provides different options for computing the D-score algorithms and for applying different cleaning criteria. Beyond making the D-score computation easier, DscoreApp offers the chance to have an immediate glimpse on the results and to see how they change according to different settings configurations. The resulting D-scores are immediately available and can be seen in easy-readable and interactive graphs, along with meaningful descriptive statistics. Graphical representations, data sets containing the D-scores, and other information on participants' performance are downloadable. In this work, the use of DscoreApp is illustrated on an empirical data set.
Thermal error controlling for the spindle in a precision boring machine with external cooling across coated joints

Spindles in precision boring machines usually operate without internal cooling, and thermal error in such spindles is nonnegligible and can severely affect the end-processing quality of the machines. This study aims to investigate the effects that external cooling exerts on the thermal behavior of such spindles. A helical tube cooler is taken for external cooling. An analytical thermal resistance model for the grease-coated cooler-housing joint surface, which considers the pressured cambered-flat contact pair and rough metal surface-grease contact, is presented and validated, and a numerical thermal–fluid–solid coupling model for the cooler-spindle system is then established. An evaluation method is put forward to obtain the stability of the thermal error, which determines the boring processing accuracy and thermal equilibrium time, from experimental data. Then, the external cooling was optimally designed based on the simulation results from the numerical model. Experiments show that the designed cooler reduced the thermal equilibrium time by 47.13% and the maximum thermal error by 81.7%, and the proposed model can accurately predict the cooling effect on the spindle thermal behavior. This study not only provides a thermal error control method for the spindle but is expected to advance the theoretical basis of cooling design for complex electromechanical systems.
Flow as an Embodied State. Informed Awareness of Slackline Walking

Flow during exercise has been theorized and studied solely through subjective-retrospective methods as a “scull bound” construct. Recent advances of the radical embodied perspectives on conscious mind and cognition pose challenges to such understanding, particularly because flow during exercise is associated with properties of performer’s movement behavior. In this paper we use the concept of informed awareness to reconceptualize flow experience as a property of the performer-environment coupling, and study it during a slackline walking task. To empirically check the possible relatedness of the behavior-experience complementary pair, two measures were considered. The experiential realm was quantified by the flow short scale and the behavioral realm by the Hurst (H) exponent obtained through accelerometry time series of the legs and the center of body mass (CoM). In order to obtain a coarse-grained insight about the degree of co-varying within the perception-action flow of performers, we conducted correlational and multiple regression analyses. Measures of behavioral variables (H exponents of the dominant, subdominant leg and the CoM, were treated as explanatory, and the flow scale and its subscale (fluency of movements and absorption) scores asresponse variables containing summarized information about perceptual experiences of performers. In order to check for possible mediating or confounding effects of training parameters on the action-perception variables’ covariance, we included two additional variables which measured the degree of engagement of participants with the task. Results revealed that the temporal structure of fluctuations of the dominant leg, as measured by the Hurst exponent, was a strong mediator of effects of training variables and the subdominant leg fluctuations, on the flow scale and the subscale scores. The magnitude of Hurst exponents of both legs was informative about the degree of stability within the performer-environment system. The degree of critical slowing down, as measured by Hurst exponents, consistently co-varied with the flow scale and subscales. The experience of flow during the slackline walking task was dominantly saturated by the perceived fluency of movements and less so by the absorption experience. The stable co-variance of perception-action variables signified the embodied nature of the flow experience.
Differential Expression Profiles and Functional Prediction of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs in Rats After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is mostly caused by trauma. As the primary mechanical injury is unavoidable, a focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms of the SCI-induced secondary injury is necessary to develop promising treatments for patients with SCI. Transfer RNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) is a novel class of short, non-coding RNA, possessing potential regulatory functions in various diseases. However, the functional roles of tsRNAs in traumatic SCI have not been determined yet. We used a combination of sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), bioinformatics, and luciferase reporter assay to screen the expression profiles and identify the functional roles of tsRNAs after SCI. As a result, 297 differentially expressed tsRNAs were identified in rats’ spinal cord 1 day after contusion. Of those, 155 tsRNAs were significantly differentially expressed: 91 were significantly up-regulated, whereas 64 were significantly down-regulated after SCI (fold change > 1.5; P < 0.05). Bioinformatics analyses revealed candidate tsRNAs (tiRNA-Gly-GCC-001, tRF-Gly-GCC-012, tRF-Gly-GCC-013, and tRF-Gly-GCC-016) that might play regulatory roles through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and neurotrophin signaling pathways by targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We validated the candidate tsRNAs and found opposite trends in the expression levels of the tsRNAs and BDNF after SCI. Finally, tiRNA-Gly-GCC-001 was identified to target BDNF using the luciferase reporter assay. In summary, we found an altered tsRNA expression pattern and predicted tiRNA-Gly-GCC-001 might be involved in the MAPK and neurotrophin pathways by targeting the BDNF, thus regulating the post-SCI pathophysiologic processes. This study provides novel insights for future investigations to explore the mechanisms and therapeutic targets for SCI.
Description and visualization of the highly dynamic behavior of the electrorheological effect

When an electrorheological fluid is located between two electrodes and an electrical voltage is applied to them, the particles in the fluid move and form chains along the electric field lines. This phenomenon is called the electrorheological effect. The exact behavior of the particles has not yet been studied completely. Some optical investigations of particle motion or behavior have been performed, but did not take into account the high dynamic range directly after the application of an electric field. This study is intended to help explain how the particles behave when they encounter an electric field and then try to align themselves with it. There is an investigation into how these chains develop in a microchannel within milliseconds. For this purpose, the particle behavior of the electrorheological fluid is investigated with high dynamic imaging using a microscope. A high-speed camera records videos of the first milliseconds at 3000 fps synchronously with the application of an electric field. The results provide a better understanding of the chain formation and particle behavior of the electrorheological effect in the high dynamic range and can be used for the design of electrorheological applications as well as simulations of the particle movement.
The nature of non-equilibrium ultrafast demagnetization in ferromagnetic nickel

It has long been known that ferromagnets undergo a phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic at the Curie temperature, associated with critical phenomena such as a divergence in the heat capacity. A ferromagnet can also be transiently demagnetized by heating it with an ultrafast laser pulse. However, to date the connection between out-ofequilibrium and equilibrium phase transitions was not known, nor how fast the out-of-equilibrium phase transitions can proceed. In this work, by combining time- and angle-resolved photoemission (Tr-ARPES) with time-resolved transverse magneto-optical Kerr (Tr-TMOKE) spectroscopies, we show that the same critical behavior also governs the ultrafast magnetic phase transition in nickel. This is evidenced by several observations. First, we observe a divergence of the transient heat capacity of the electron spin system preceding material demagnetization. Second, when the electron temperature is transiently driven above the Curie temperature, we observe an extremely rapid change in the material response: the spin system absorbs sufficient energy within the first 20 fs to subsequently proceed through the phase transition, while demagnetization and the collapse of the exchange splitting occur on much longer timescales. Third, we find that the transient electron temperature alone dictates the magnetic response. By comparing results obtained from different methods, we show that the critical behaviors are essential for fully explaining the fluence-dependent magnetization dynamics measured using magneto-optical spectroscopy
Determination of the parameters of associates in dimethylformamide using stimulated low-frequency Raman scattering

Stimulated low-frequency Raman scattering (SLFRS) spectrum in dimethylformamide (DMF) was registered in the range from 0.1 to 1 cm-1. SLFRS is a result of the laser pulses interaction with acoustic oscillations of the associates, therefore knowledge of the SLFRS frequency shifts (and consequently associates eigenvibrations frequencies) gives possibility to estimate the size of DMF associates. Scattering was excited by pulses of a ruby laser with a narrow spectral line and recorded by Fabri-Perot interferometers. In the scattering spectrum SLFRS component was recorded with a frequency shift of 0.33 cm–1 (10 GHz), which corresponds to the size of associates of about 150 nm. Simultaneously with the SLFRS, stimulated Brillouin scattering was recorded in the backward scattering spectrum.
Quantum-optical effects of resonant short laser pulse interaction with neon nanosecond discharge plasma in narrow shielded tubes

The interaction of polychromatic radiation of a dye laser with a neon gas-discharge plasma in shielded cylindrical tubes at medium gas pressures (1-30 Torr) near atomic spectral absorption lines of NeI atoms with wavelengths 650.6 and 656.2 nm was experimentally studied. Along the direction of propagation of the laser radiation, a shift in the central frequency of absorption is observed in the presence of inhomogeneities in the plasma column. The character of the optical transmission spectrum near narrow resonances was empirically shown to substantially depend on the density of absorbing atoms in a plasma; if this density exceeds 1012 cm-3, the contour of the transmission spectrum near the absorption resonance acquires a dispersive form. The general laws of the formation of nonstationary plasma transmission spectra depending on the laser power, the density of absorbing atoms, the nature of plasma inhomogeneities along the direction of propagation of laser radiation are examined in detail. The role of nonlinear and coherent effects and phase self-modulation during resonant interaction of short pulses of polychromatic laser radiation with gas-discharge plasma in narrow shielded tubes is discussed.