Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observations of climatologically invariant scale-invariance describing cloud horizontal sizes

The numbers of clouds of a given size is a deﬁning feature of the earth’s atmosphere. As well as cloud area, cloud perimeter p is interesting because it represents the length of the shared interface between clouds and clear-skies across which air and buoyant energy are dissipated. A recent study introduced a ﬁrst-principles expression for the steady-state distribution of cloud perimeters, measured within a quasi-horizontal moist isentropic layer, that is a scale invariant power-law n ( p ) ∝ p − (1+ β ) , 5 where n ( p ) is the number density of cloud perimeters within [ p,p + dp ] and β = 1 . This value of β was found to be in close agreement with output from a high-resolution, large eddy simulation of tropical convection. To further test this formulation, the current study evaluates n ( p ) within near-global imagery from nine full-disk and polar-orbiting satellites. A power-law is found to apply to measurements of n ( p ) , and the value of β is observed to be remarkably robust to latitude, season, and land/ocean contrasts suggesting that, at least statistically speaking, cloud perimeter distributions are determined more by atmospheric 10 stability than Coriolis forces, surface temperature, or contrasts in aerosol loading between continental and marine environments. However, the measured value of β is found to be 1 . 29 ± 0 . 05 rather than β = 1 , indicating a relative scarcity of large clouds in satellite observations compared to theory and high-resolution cloud modeling. The reason for this discrepancy is unclear but may owe to the difference in perspective between evaluating n ( p ) along quasi-horizontal moist isentropes rather than looking down from space. As a test of this hypothesis, numerical simulation output shows that, while β ∼ 1 within isentropes, higher 15 values of β are reproduced for a simulated satellite view. However, the simulated value is a function of the cloud detection sensitivity where little such sensitivity is seen in satellite observations suggesting a possible misrepresentation of the physics controlling cloud sizes in simulations. A power-law also applies to satellite observations of cloud areas covering a range between ∼ 3km 2 and ∼ 3 × 10 5 km 2 , a much wider range of scales than has been previously described in studies that we argue inappropriately treated the statistics of clouds truncated by the edge of a measurement domain.
Preparation and Characterization of Shell-Based CaO Catalysts for Ultrasonication-Assisted Production of Biodiesel to Reduce Toxicants in Diesel Generator Emissions

The environmentally sustainable production of biodiesel is important for providing both a renewable alternative transportation fuel as well as a fuel for power generation using diesel engines. This research evaluates the use of inexpensive catalysts derived from waste materials for converting triglycerides in seed oils into biodiesel composed of fatty acid methyl esters. The performance of CaO catalysts derived from the shells of oysters, mussels, lobsters, and chicken eggs was investigated. The shell-derived powders were calcined with and without the addition of zinc nitrate at 700–1000 °C for 4 h to yield CaO whereas the CaO-ZnO mixed catalyst were prepared by wet impregnation followed by calcination at 700 °C. The catalysts were characterized by XRF, XRD, TGA, SEM, FTIR and GC-MS. The CaO-ZnO catalysts showed slightly better conversion efficiency compared to CaO catalysts for the transesterification of canola oil. The mixed CaO-ZnO catalysts derived mainly from oyster shells showed the highest catalytic activity with >90% biodiesel yield at a 9:1 methanol-to-oil mole ratio within 10 min of ultrasonication. The reduction of toxicant emission from the generator is 43% and 60% for SO2, 11% and 26% for CO, were observed for the biodiesel blending levels of B20 and B40, respectively.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SURGICAL SITE INFILTRATION WITH COMBINATION OF BUPIVACAINE WITH TRAMADOL VERSUS BUPIVACAINE WITH DEXMEDETOMIDINE FOR POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA FOLLOWING ABDOMINAL SURGERY

Background: To compare the efficacy and quality of postoperative analgesia achieved with surgical site infiltration of a combination of Bupivacaine with Tramadol versus Bupivacaine with Dexmedetomidine. Materials and Methods: A prospective randomised study was undertaken in patients posted for elective abdominal surgeries under spinal anaesthesia. 60 patients under ASA I and II were randomly divided into two groups; Group BT: Surgical site infiltration with 2mg/kg Tramadol diluted in 30ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine and Group BD: Surgical site infiltration with 1µg/kg Dexmedetomidine diluted in 30ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine. Result: VAS score was significantly low in the BD group compared to the BT group at 6 hrs, 8 hrs, and 12 hrs with mean VAS score of 2.27 ±0.449 vs 2.67±0.479, 2.7 ± 0.466 vs 3.27 ± 0.691, and 3.3 ± 0.466 vs 3.6 ± 0.498 with a p-value of 0.0015, 0.004 and 0.0192 respectively. The time to reach VAS ≥4 was significantly longer in the BD group compared to the BT group. The time to give 1st rescue analgesia was 10.6 ± 1.631 hours in the BT group and 13.067 ± 1.574 hours in the BD group. Conclusion: Thus, dexmedetomidine and tramadol seem to be an attractive adjuvant to bupivacaine for surgical site infiltration in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries; however, the combination of bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine provides superior pain relief compared to bupivacaine with tramadol.
Snowmass Early Career Frontier Conveners :

Early career members of the HEPA community are a distinct population with a particular vision, perspective, and set of accompanying challenges that di↵er from those of the senior members of the field. Whether early career is defined as students and post-doctoral-equivalent stages or it includes faculty in their early career, what they have in common is a lower, often more vulnerable position in the hierarchy of our field. This, coupled with the fact that they are the source of a majority of the labor of our research, makes them placed to both uniquely contribute to and be a↵ected by the direction of the field in the coming decade.
Ground-based x-ray calibration of the Astro-H/Hitomi soft x-ray telescopes

Abstract. We present the summary of the on-ground calibration of two soft x-ray telescopes (SXT-I and SXT-S), developed by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), onboard Astro-H/Hitomi. After the initial x-ray measurements with a diverging beam at the GSFC 100-m beamline, we performed the full calibration of the x-ray performance, using the 30-m x-ray beamline facility at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency in Japan. We adopted a raster scan method with a narrow x-ray pencil beam with a divergence of ∼15″. The on-axis effective area (EA), half-power diameter, and vignetting function were measured at several energies between 1.5 and 17.5 keV. The detailed results appear in tables and figures in this paper. We measured and evaluated the performance of the SXT-S and the SXT-I with regard to the detector-limited field-of-view and the pixel size of the paired flight detector, i.e., SXS and the SXI, respectively. The primary items measured are the EA, image quality, and stray light for on-axis and off-axis sources. The accurate measurement of these parameters is vital to make the precise response function of the ASTRO-H SXTs. This paper presents the definitive results of the ground-based calibration of the ASTRO-H SXTs.
Outcome of LCP in Treating Diaphyseal Fractures of Radius and Ulna in Adult Patients

Background: LCP can be used in forearm fractures in the conventional plating technique (compression method - principle of absolute stability) for simple transverse or oblique fracture with low soft tissue compromise or in the bridging technique. Locking compression plates have been shown to provide a stronger fixation and perform better than the DCP in older or osteoporotic bone. Objective: To evaluate the outcome of LCP in treating diaphyseal fractures of radius and ulna in adult patients. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation from January to December 2018. Patients with diaphyseal fracture of both bone of forearm, aging 50 years and above, were study population. Total 44 cases were included. Clinical, radiological and functional outcome were assessed and followed up for 24 to 30 (Average 25.27 weeks ± 1.39 weeks). Final functional outcome was done with Anderson criteria. Results: Total 44 patients involved in this study were followed up to one year. Maximum age incidence was found in 51 years-55 years of age. The mean age of the patients was 58.27 years ± 5.68 years ranging from 51 years to 75 years. Out of 44 patients 35 (79.5%) were male and 9 (20.5%) were female. Male to female ratio was 3.86:1. Among 44 cases, 23 (52.3%) had left sided fracture and 21 (47.7%) had right sided fracture. In this study, motor vehicle accident accounted for 23 (52.3%) cases which was the most common cause of injury. Other causes were fall from height in 17 (38.6%) cases and physical assault in 4 (9.1%) in descending order. The mean radiological union time was 12.18 weeks ± 1.53 weeks with 1 case of non-union. Complications were found in 11.4% cases. The mean ROM of flexion-extension and supination-pronation were 133.530 ± 5.440 and 124.410 ± 11.190 respectively at last follow up. The mean Quick DASH score at last follow up was 14.6% ± 7.14%. Out of 44 cases, 22 (50%) were excellent, 21 (47.7%) were good and the remaining 1 (2.3%) was poor. Conclusion: In concluded, use of LCPs represents an effective treatment in terms of union rate, pain and functional outcomes. The major mechanism of these fractures is Motor vehicle accident. Most common fractures in left-side. In this study, the surgical outcomes were excellent in 50% of cases, 21 (47.7%) were good and the remaining 1 (2.3%) was poor. Internal plating gives good functional results in the treatment of forearm diaphyseal fractures, as long as the surgical technique is perfect.
Optimal variables for retrieval products

The increase of satellite instruments sounding the atmosphere will make it very likely that several instruments simultaneously measure either the same vertical profile or vertical profiles related to nearby geo-locations, and users will consult fused products rather than individual measurements. Therefore, the retrieval products should be optimized for the use in data fusion operations, rather than for the representation of the profile. This change of paradigm raises the question if a more functional representation of the retrieval products exists. New variables for the retrieval products are proposed that 10 have several advantages with respect to the standard retrieval products. These variables, in the linear approximation of the forward model, are independent of the a priori information used in the retrieval, allow to represent the profile with any a priori information and can directly be used to perform the data fusion of a set of measurements. Furthermore, the use of these variables allows to reduce to about one third the stored data volume with respect to the use of standard retrieval products.
Attribute Sentiment Scoring With Online Text Reviews : Accounting for Language Structure and Attribute Self-Selection

away from these issues in this paper. However, any correction approaches for reviewer selection and reviewer shading/fake reviews for overall ratings can also be used on the attribute level ratings. In summary, our key contributions are as follows: First, we introduce the problem of attribute level sentiment analysis of text data to the marketing literature, where sentiment is measured beyond merely valence. Second, we recognize that absence of attributes in a review need not mean that the attribute is not important. Finally, we move beyond lexicon based approaches that have been the basis of all of the text analysis work on online reviews to a deep learning approach. We demonstrate that a hybrid CNN-LSTM approach that exploits the spatial and sequential structure of language does best in attribute sentiment analysis, especially so when it comes to “hard” sentences. We note that though we have motivated our problem in the empirical context of online review platforms, the challenges of generating attribute level sentiments from text data and the imputation of sentiment when attributes are not mentioned are both problems with broader application in the context of unstructured text data.
A STUDY OF PALMARIS LONGUS MUSCLE: ITS ANATOMIC VARIATIONS WITH EMBRYOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE

Address for Correspondence: Dr Prathap Kumar J, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Ramaiah Medical College, M S R Nagar, MSRIT post, Mathikere, Bangalore, Karnataka-560054, India. E-Mail: dr.prathapkumar@gmail.com Background: In the present study, variations in the Palmaris longus and the clinical implications of these are discussed. Aim: To study the variations in the Palmaris longus and to discuss the embryological basis, clinical and surgical implications of these variations. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Department of Anatomy of Hassan Institute of Medical Science, Hassan, Dr B.R. Ambedkar Medical college, Bangalore and Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research,Tamaka, Kolar. Thirty formalin fixed cadavers (60 upper limbs); 25 males & 5 female cadavers were dissected for the study and it was conducted over a period of three years, i.e., from 2011-2014. The cadavers with visible trauma, pathology or prior surgeries were excluded from the study. Routine dissection of the upper limb was carried out following the Cunnigham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy. During the dissection of the anterior compartment of forearm, the Palmaris longus muscle was identified & carefully dissected. At first, the origin was confirmed and then, it was traced towards its insertion. Any variations found were noted and photographed. The results were analysed and compared to previous studies. Results: Bilateral absence of palmaris longus was seen in one male cadaver and unilateral (right sided) absence in one female cadaver. Percentage of bilateral absence of palmaris longus is 3.3%. Total absence of palmaris longus is 5%. Right side absence is 3.3%, left side absence is 1.6%. Variations like split tendon of palmaris longus was observed in a female cadaver on right side, bilateral split tendon with fleshy belly in a male cadaver ,reversed belly of right side palmaris longus in a male cadaver . Conclusion: Precise knowledge of variations in the Palmaris longus is essential for surgeons, orthopaedicians, plastic surgeons, anatomists, researchers and interventional radiologist.
Opening Pandora’s box: How to constrain regional simulations of the carbon cycle

Climate projections from global circulation models (GCMs) part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) are often employed to study the impact of future climate on ecosystems. However, especially at regional scales, climate projections display large biases in key forcing variables such as temperature and precipitation, which hamper predictive capacity. In this study we examine different methods to constrain regional projections of the carbon cycle in Australia. We employ a dynamic global vegetation model (LPJ-GUESS) and force it with raw output from CMIP6 to assess the uncertainty 5 associated with the choice of climate forcing. We then test different methods to either bias correct or calculate ensemble averages over the original forcing data to constrain the uncertainty in the regional projection of the Australian carbon cycle. We ﬁnd that all bias correction methods reduce the bias of continental averages of steady-state carbon variables. Carbon pools are insensitive to the type of bias correction method applied for both individual GCMs and the arithmetic ensemble average across all corrected models. None of the bias correction methods consistently improve the change in carbon over time, highlighting the 10 need to account for temporal properties in correction or ensemble averaging methods. Some bias correction methods reduce the ensemble uncertainty more than others. The vegetation distribution can depend on the bias correction method used. We further ﬁnd that both the weighted ensemble averaging and random forest approach reduce the bias in total ecosystem carbon to almost zero, clearly outperforming the arithmetic ensemble averaging method. The random forest approach also produces the results closest to the target dataset for the change in the total carbon pool, seasonal carbon ﬂuxes, emphasizing that machine 15 learning approaches are promising tools for future studies.
Lymphadenopathy) (Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Isolated Intracranial Rosai-Dorfman Disease

Summary: Rosai-Dorfman disease (sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy) rarely affects the intracranial region without involvement of other sites. We report the case of a 68-year-old woman with isolated Rosai-Dorfman disease of the frontal dura. She presented with a new onset seizure. Initial MR imaging showed subtle mild change in the left frontal region. During the ensuing 8 months, a dural mass made its symptomatic and definite MR imaging appearance in the same region. No extracranial lesion was present.
Romantic Relationships and Dating Violence in Adolescents: A Narrative Review

This narrative review briefly summarizes research from the last five years on adolescent romantic relationships and dating violence. Although romantic relationships have oc - curred for approximately 50% of adolescents, only 13 recent studies could be found on that topic. Those included studies on the continuity of the quality of relationships with par - ents, friends and romantic partners as well as both positive and negative outcomes of romantic relationships including sexual satisfaction but also anxiety and hypomania. Dating violence, as a negative outcome, has received more atten - tion in this recent literature (66 papers) including a highly variable prevalence that has averaged 50% across different types of violence including emotional, physical and sexual as well as cyber dating violence. The most extensive litera - ture has addressed risk factors/predictor variables for dat - ing violence including mixed results on gender differences and negative effects of exposure to violence in the family, violent pornography and violent social media. Other pre - dictor variables have involved sports, substance use, casual sex and bullying. Buffers or protective factors for dating violence have been de-escalating verbal conflict and social support. Effective interventions have been parent, internet and school programs. Potential underlying mechanisms are believing in romantic myths about dating violence, infidel - ity, jealousy, peer rejection, depression and elevated cor - tisol. Methodological limitations of this literature include self-selection problems related
ITERATIVE ALGORITHM AND CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS FOR SYSTEMS OF VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES

The aim of this paper is to study several classes of problems of systems of variational inequalities and variational inclusions in Hilbert spaces and Banach spaces, re- spectively. We obtain several existence theorems for systems of variational inequalities and variational inclusions and give the corresponding iterative algorithms together with the con- vergence analysis. The above results are based on the method of three-step projection and the resolvent operator technique. Our works are valuable supplements to [4, 6, 7, 12, 14-16] and relevant literatures.
Do Intermediaries Matter for Stock Returns? A Dynamic Demand System Approach∗

I develop a two-tier asset demand system that incorporates endogenous aggregate allocation and short sales, and propose a two-step estimation procedure with a novel instrument for aggregate estimation, which allows me to exploit both cross-sectional and time-series variation in institutional holdings. The estimated system provides a framework to answer questions related to demand-side effects of financial intermediaries and short sales in both aggregate and individual stock markets. I find institutional demand accounts for a large proportion, if not all, of observed return premiums in size, value and investment. The short leg, while increasingly important, cannot explain observed anomaly returns and the formation of the dot-com bubble. However, short sales do have significant yet disparate pricing impact on stocks with different characteristics. In the aggregate stock market, unobserved aggregate preference and beliefs rather than risk-return balance is the main driver of the return predictability of dividend-price
Ultrasound assessment of cervical status compared to the Bishop score - predicting the success of labor induction using a machine learning-based model.

OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study was to develop a machine-learning-based model for predicting the success of labor induction (IOL). To that end, the clinical and ultrasound parameters that affect the successfulness of labor induction were assessed. Then, a new ultrasound scoring system (USS) was developed and assessed. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective observational study included 192 term women who underwent induction of labor. First, a wide range of clinical and ultrasound pre-induction parameters were recorded. The induction was initiated by endocervical administration of dinoprostone gel (for Bishop score ≤5) or intravenous oxytocin (for Bishop score ≥6). After evaluating ultrasound parameters, we created an ultrasound scoring system and compared it with the Bishop score and clinical parameters. Finally, a comprehensive model using machine learning algorithms for predicting the success of the induction of labor was developed. RESULTS In terms of clinical parameters, this study found that IOL correlates with parity, body mass index (BMI) (both at p<0.05), and the Bishop score (p<0.001). All ultrasound parameters were statistically significant (p<0.05) apart from the posterior cervical angle. However, compared to the Bishop score, the new USS showed a slightly lower sensitivity (0.55 compared to 0.64) but much higher specificity (0.75 compared to 0.44) at a cut-off of 1.66. The proposed model, which can predict 83% of the events correctly, encompasses the Bishop score, USS, and clinical parameters. CONCLUSIONS The findings imply that the model developed in this study, which takes into account clinical parameters (parity, BMI), the ultrasound parameters and the Bishop score and uses machine learning algorithms, yields better results than models using other parameters.
Serological review of etiological specialists related with fetus removal in two Algerian dairy steers reproducing ranches

Abstract In Algeria, there is a lack of information about the frequency and etiology of abortions in breeding cattle. In order to improve this situation, we sent a questionnaire to veterinary practitioners, and followed it up with a serological survey on two dairy farms (A and B) that had reported abortions. The serological survey was undertaken to detect the main abortive agents with particular emphasis on Neospora caninum , a parasite presently classified as one of the most important abortive entities globally, but still ignored in our country. The results of the questionnaire showed that when an abortion occurs, no particular measure is taken by practitioners as a diagnosis of the causative agent is very difficult to achieve due to lack of resources. The serological survey showed an average positive rate of 0, 32.8, 37.5 and 50% respectively for brucellosis, neosporosis, candidiasis and bovine rhinotracheitis in both herds and a rate of 3.2, 9.6 and 29% respectively, for chlamydiasis, salmonellosis and Q fever in farm (B) alone. This preliminary study, therefore, indicates for the first time that neosporosis exists in some Algerian farms and may contribute, either individually or in association with other agents to abortions in breeding cattle.