Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Byzantine Consensus under Fully Fluctuating Participation

The longest-chain paradigm introduced by the Bitcoin protocol allows Byzantine consensus with fluctuating participation where nodes can spontaneously become active and inactive any-time. Since then, there have been several follow-up works that aim to achieve similar guarantees without Bitcoin’s computationally expensive proof of work. However, existing solutions do not fully inherit Bitcoin’s dynamic participation support. Specifically, they have to assume malicious nodes are always active, i.e., no late joining or leaving is allowed for malicious nodes, due to a problem known as costless simulation. Another problem of Bitcoin is its notoriously large latency. A series of works try to improve the latency while supporting dynamic participation. The work of Momose-Ren (CCS 2022) eventually achieved constant latency, but its concrete latency is still large. This work addresses both of these problems by presenting a protocol that has 3 round latency, tolerates one-third malicious nodes, and allows fully dynamic participation of both honest and malicious nodes. We also present a protocol with 2 round latency with slightly lower fault tolerance.
Association Between Air Pollution, Climate Change, and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Recent Scientiﬁc Evidence

Background: Recent studies indicated the possible relationship between climate change, environmental pollution, and Coron-avirusDisease2019(COVID-19)pandemic. Thisstudyreviewedtheeﬀectsof airpollution, climateparameters, andlockdownonthe number of cases and deaths related to COVID-19. Methods: The present review was performed to determine the eﬀects of weather and air pollution on the number of cases and deathsrelatedtoCOVID-19duringthelockdown. Articleswerecollectedbysearchingtheexistingonlinedatabases,suchasPubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, with no limitations on publication dates. Afterwards, this review focused on outdoor air pollution, including PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 , SO 2 , and O 3 , and weather conditions aﬀecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/COVID-19. Results: Most reviewed investigations in the present study showed that exposure to air pollutants, particularly PM 2.5 and NO 2 , is positively related to COVID-19 patients and mortality. Moreover, these studies showed that air pollution could be essential in trans-mittingCOVID-19. Localmeteorologyplaysavitalroleincoronavirusspreadandmortality. Temperatureandhumidityvariablesare negatively correlated with virus transmission. The evidence demonstrated that air pollution could lead to COVID-19 transmission. These results support decision-makers in curbing potential new outbreaks. Conclusions: Overall, in environmental perspective-based COVID-19 studies, eﬀorts should be accelerated regarding eﬀective poli-ciesforreducinghumanemissions,bringingaboutairpollutionandweatherchange. Therefore,usingcleanandrenewableenergy sources will increase public health and environmental quality by improving global air quality. formation can substantially increase the viruses, possibly remaining infectious in aerosols for hours. Many studies have shown that humidity has a primary role in COVID-19 spread. Research conducted in New York found no signiﬁcant relationship between COVID-19 cases and the average humidity (68).
Asymptotic Analysis of Darcy-Brinkman-Boussinesq Model for Convection in Porous Media

In this article, we study the asymptotic behavior of the infinite Prandtl-Darcy number Darcy-Brinkman-Boussinesq system. We derive the asymptotic expansion with respect to the Brinkman-Darcy number, which improves the result obtained by Kelliher, et al. [1].
Correlation Between Individual Child-Level Antibiotic Consumption and Antibiotic-Resistant Among Commensal Escherichia coli: Results from a Cohort of Children Aged 1–3 Years in Rural Ujjain India

Background The global expansion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a serious concern and is increasing worldwide in both pathogenic and commensal bacteria. The study determined the correlation between individual child-level antibiotic consumption and antibiotic resistance among the commensal Escherichia coli (E.coli) in a cohort of 125 children in rural Ujjain, India. Methods During a two-year period between August 2014 and September 2016, stool samples were collected at seven-time points from a cohort of 125 children; aged 1–3. A total of six colonies of E.coli per stool sample were collected for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Antibiotic consumption data was collected during the healthcare-seeking follow–up done during the same period. At each of the seven-time points correlation between antibiotic consumption (Defined Daily Dose-DDD/100 patient-days) and antibiotic resistance (number of resistant isolates) was analyzed independently using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Further, mixed-effects logistic regression models were built to study correlation between child-level consumption of penicillin with the number of E.coli isolates resistant to ampicillin, consumption of cephalosporin with resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, consumption of fluoroquinolones with resistance to nalidixic acid and consumption of cotrimoxazole with resistance to cotrimoxazole. Results Out of 756 illness episodes reported in 125 children 42% were with antibiotic prescriptions and reported a total antibiotic consumption of 55DDD/100 patient-days. The most common antibiotics used were cefixime (J01DD08;72 DDD/100patient/days) followed by ofloxacin (J01MA01;51DDD/100patient-days), cefpodoxime (J01DD13;38DDD/100patient-days) and amoxicillin (J01CA04;28DDD/100patient-days). The highest percentage of resistance was found to the ampicillin (67%) followed by nalidixic acid (52%) and cefotaxime (44%) and when summarized, more than 90% were resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and co-trimoxazole in commensal E.coli isolates. The consumption of cephalosporins showed weak positive correlation with the resistance to cefotaxime (Coefficient±SE=0.13 ± 0.09,p<0.001). Conclusion Our findings showed no correlation between individual-level antibiotic consumption and resistance development in commensal E.coli in a rural community environment.
The relationship between parenting and sexual behavior in adolescents

Adolescence is a period where sexual development begins, therefore adolescent experience unstable emotions with sexual behavior. This causes adolescents to tend to engage in irresponsible sexual behavior. Therefore, parents have a very important role, in this case applying the right parenting style to the development of adolescents. The 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey reported that around 4% of young men had experience of having sexual relations before marriage, namely young men aged 15-19 years. This study aims to analyze the relationship between parenting and sexual behavior in adolescents by using a cross sectional design and the number of samples is 116 adolescents. Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed through the google form. The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between parenting and sexual behavior in adolescents with value = 0.005, value = 0.05 (ρ < α). In this research, the researcher would like to recommend to the next researcher to continue the research by using multivariate analysis to process the data.
Two Roads to Classicality

Mixing and decoherence are both manifestations of classicality within quantum theory, each of which admit a very general category-theoretic construction. We show under which conditions these two 'roads to classicality' coincide. This is indeed the case for (finite-dimensional) quantum theory, where each construction yields the category of C*-algebras and completely positive maps. We present counterexamples where the property fails which includes relational and modal theories. Finally, we provide a new interpretation for our category-theoretic generalisation of decoherence in terms of 'leaking information'.
Phenotype and Neuronal Cytotoxic Function of Glioblastoma Extracellular Vesicles

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal form of brain tumor. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by tumor cells play a critical role in cellular communication in the tumor microenvironment promoting tumor progression and invasion. We hypothesized that GBM EVs possess unique characteristics which exert effects on endogenous CNS cells including neurons, producing dose-dependent neuronal cytotoxicity. We purified EVs from the plasma of 20 GBM patients, 20 meningioma patients, and 21 healthy controls, and characterized EV phenotypes by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, protein concentration, and proteomics. We evaluated GBM EV functions by determining their cytotoxicity in primary neurons and the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. In addition, we determined levels of IgG antibodies in the plasma in GBM (n = 82), MMA (n = 83), and controls (non-tumor CNS disorders and healthy donors, n = 50) with capture ELISA. We discovered that GBM plasma EVs are smaller in size and had no relationship between size and concentration. Importantly, GBM EVs purified from both plasma and tumor cell lines produced IgG-mediated, complement-dependent apoptosis and necrosis in primary human neurons, mouse brain slices, and neuroblastoma cells. The unique phenotype of GBM EVs may contribute to its neuronal cytotoxicity, providing insight into its role in tumor pathogenesis.
Genetic Divergence and Selection of Genitors Aiming to Generate Variability in Common Bean Lines

The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic divergence between common bean strains from the breeding program of the Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique (IIAM)-Zonal Centre (CZC) and to identify potential genitors to generate segregating populations with high average and wide genetic variability. Five common bean lines were evaluated in a randomized block design with three repetitions. The quantitative traits evaluated were leaf area index, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, several pods per plant, 100 seed weight, and yield, while the qualitative traits were growth habit, epicotyl colour, leaf colour intensity, leaf roughness, fresh pod colour, grain colour, grain size, and flower colour. The data obtained were submitted to variance analysis and grouping of means by the Scott-Knott test. The relative importance of characters was evaluated by the Singh. Clustering was performed by the Tocher optimization method and distance projection in the 2D plane, using the generalized Mahalanobis distance as a measure of dissimilarity. The degree of preservation of genetic distances in the 2D plane was assessed by the Cohenetic Correlation Coefficient, distortion, and stress. The LPA54 and Bonus lines were highlighted by direct selection based on the performance per se of their characteristics. Genetic variability was checked for the trait’s days to 50% flowering several of pods per plant, and 100-seed weight and the strains were separated into two groups. The crosses between (G19833, LPA54, Manteiga, and Bonus) with the strain DOR364 there is the potential for obtaining hybrids with higher heterotic effect and segregating populations with high variability. The traits of 100-seed weight, pods per plant, epicotyl colour, and grain size were the most important in the discrimination of the strains
ARC: adaptive ray-tracing with CUDA, a new ray tracing code for parallel GPUs

We present the methodology of a photon-conserving, spatially-adaptive, ray-tracing radiative transfer algorithm, designed to run on multiple parallel graphic processing units (GPUs). Each GPU has thousands of computing cores, making them ideally suited to the task of tracing independent rays. This ray-tracing implementation is speed competitive with approximate momentum methods, even with thousands of ionization sources, without sacrificing accuracy and resolution. Here, we validate our implementation with the selection of tests presented in the ‘cosmological radiative transfer codes comparison project,’ to demonstrate the correct behaviour of the code. We also present a selection of benchmarks to demonstrate the performance and computational scaling of the code. As expected, our method scales linearly with the number of sources and with the square of the dimension of the 3D computational grid. Our current implementation is scalable to an arbitrary number of nodes possessing GPUs, but is limited to a uniform resolution 3D grid. Cosmological simulations of reionization with tens of thousands of radiation sources and intergalactic volumes sampled with 1024^3 grid points take about 30 days on 64 GPUs to reach complete reionization.
A deeper look at the GD1 stream: density variations and wiggles

Using deep photometric data from CFHT/Megacam, we study the morphology and density of the GD-1 stream, one of the longest and coldest stellar streams in the Milky Way. Our deep data recovers the lower main sequence of the stream with unprecedented quality, clearly separating it from Milky Way foreground and background stars. An analysis of the distance to different parts of the stream shows that GD-1 lies at a heliocentric distance between 8 and 10 kpc, with only a shallow gradient across 45 deg on the sky. Matched filter maps of the stream density show clear density variations, such as deviations from a single orbital track and tentative evidence for stream fanning. We also detect a clear under-density in the middle of the stream track at $\varphi_{1}$=-45 deg surrounded by overdense stream segments on either side. This location is a promising candidate for the elusive missing progenitor of the GD-1 stream. We conclude that the GD-1 stream has clearly been disturbed by interactions with the Milky Way disk or other sub-halos.
Accretion Flow Properties of Swift J1753.5-0127 during Its 2005 Outburst

Galactic X-ray binary black hole candidate Swift J1753.5-0127 was discovered on 2005 June 30 by the Swift/BAT instrument. In this paper, we make a detailed analysis of spectral and timing properties of its 2005 outburst using the archival data of the RXTE/PCA instrument. A simultaneous observation of Swift/XRT with PCA is also used to study the broadband features. Here, we study the evolution of the spectral properties of the source from spectral analysis with an additive table model fits file of the Chakrabarti-Titarchuk two-component advective flow (TCAF) solution. From the spectral fit, we extract physical flow parameters, such as the Keplerian disk accretion rate, sub-Keplerian halo rate, shock location, and shock compression ratio, etc. We also study the evolution of temporal properties, such as the observation of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), and the variation of X-ray intensity throughout the outburst. From the nature of the variation of QPOs, and accretion rate ratios (ARRs = ratio of halo to disk rates), we classify the entire 2005 outburst into two harder (hard-intermediate and hard) spectral states. No signatures of softer (soft-intermediate and soft) spectral states are seen. This may be because of a significant halo rate throughout the outburst. This behavior is similar to a class of other short-orbital-period sources, such as MAXI J1836-194, MAXI J1659-152, and XTE J1118+480. We estimate the probable mass range of the source to be in between based on our spectral analysis.
Pion distribution amplitude from Euclidean correlation functions: Exploring universality and higher-twist effects

Building upon our recent study [G. S. Bali et al., �Eur. Phys. J. C 78, 217 (2018)], we investigate the feasibility of calculating the pion distribution amplitude from suitably chosen Euclidean correlation functions at large momentum. We demonstrate in this work the advantage of analyzing several correlation functions simultaneously and extracting the pion distribution amplitude from a global fit. This approach also allows us to study higher-twist corrections, which are a major source of systematic error. Our result for the higher-twist parameter δπ2 is in good agreement with estimates from QCD sum rules. Another novel element is the use of all-to-all propagators, calculated using stochastic estimators, which enables an additional volume average of the correlation functions, thereby reducing statistical errors.
Gamma-ray pulsars: emission zones and viewing geometries

There are now a half-dozen young pulsars detected in high-energy photons by the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO), showing a variety of emission efficiencies and pulse profiles. We present here a calculation of the pattern of high-energy emission on the sky in a model which posits gamma-ray production by charge-depleted gaps in the outer magnetosphere. This model accounts for the radio to gamma-ray pulse offsets of the known pulsars, as well as the shape of the high-energy pulse profiles. We also show that about one-third of emitting young radio pulsars will not be detected due to beaming effects, while approximately 2.5 times the number of radio-selected gamma-ray pulsars will be viewed only high energies. Finally we compute the polarization angle variation and find that the previously misunderstood optical polarization sweep of the Crab pulsar arises naturally in this picture. These results strongly support an outer magnetosphere location for the gamma-ray emission.
Geometry of wrapped M5-branes in Calabi-Yau 2-folds

We study the geometry of M5-branes wrapping a 2-cycle which is special Lagrangian with respect to a specific complex structure in a Calabi-Yau 2-fold. Using methods recently applied to the 3-fold case, we are again able to find a characterization of the geometry, in terms of a nonintegrable almost complex structure and a (2,0) form. This time, however, due to the hyper-K\"ahler nature of the underlying 2-fold, we also have the freedom of choosing a different almost complex structure with respect to which the wrapped 2-cycle is holomorphic. We show that this latter almost complex structure is integrable. We then relate our geometry to previously found geometries of M5-branes wrapping holomorphic cycles and go further to prove some previously unknown results for M5-branes on holomorphic cycles.
Probable Gravitational Microlensing towards the Galatic Bulge

The MACHO project carries out regular photometric monitoring of millions of stars in the Magellanic Clouds and Galactic Bulge, to search for very rare gravitational microlensing events due to compact objects in the galactic halo and disk. A preliminary analysis of one field in the Galactic Bulge, containing {$\sim430,000$} stars observed for 190 days, reveals four stars which show clear evidence for brightenings which are time-symmetric, achromatic in our two passbands, and have shapes consistent with gravitational microlensing. This is significantly higher than the $\sim 1$ event expected from microlensing by known stars in the disk. If all four events are due to microlensing, a 95\% confidence lower limit on the optical depth towards our bulge field is $1.3 \times 10^{-6}$, and a ``best fit" value is $\tau \approx 1.6 \times 10^{-6}/\epsilon$,where $\epsilon$ is the detection efficiency of the experiment, and $\epsilon < 0.4$. If the true optical depth is close to the ``best fit" value, possible explanations include a ``maximal" disk which accounts for most of the galactic circular velocity at the solar radius, a halo which is centrally concentrated, or bulge-bulge microlensing.
CLEAR. I. Ages and Metallicities of Quiescent Galaxies at 1.0 < z < 1.8 Derived from Deep Hubble Space Telescope Grism Data

We use deep Hubble Space Telescope spectroscopy to constrain the metallicities and (light-weighted) ages of massive ( ) galaxies selected to have quiescent stellar populations at 1.0 < z < 1.8. The data include twelve-orbit depth coverage with the WFC3/G102 grism covering ∼8000 < λ < 11,500 Å at a spectral resolution of R ∼ 210 taken as part of the CANDELS Lyα Emission at Reionization (CLEAR) survey. At 1.0 < z < 1.8, the spectra cover important stellar population features in the rest-frame optical. We simulate a suite of stellar population models at the grism resolution, fit these to the data for each galaxy, and derive posterior likelihood distributions for metallicity and age. We stack the posteriors for subgroups of galaxies in different redshift ranges that include different combinations of stellar absorption features. Our results give light-weighted ages of tz∼1.1 = 3.2 ± 0.7 Gyr, tz∼1.2 = 2.2 ± 0.6 Gyr, tz∼1.3 = 3.1 ± 0.6 Gyr, and tz∼1.6 = 2.0 ± 0.6 Gyr for galaxies at z ∼ 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.6, respectively. This implies that most of the massive quiescent galaxies at 1 < z < 1.8 had formed >68% of their stellar mass by z > 2. The posteriors give metallicities of Zz∼1.1 = 1.16 ± 0.29 Z⊙, Zz∼1.2 = 1.05 ± 0.34 Z⊙, Zz∼1.3 = 1.00 ± 0.31 Z⊙, and Zz∼1.6 = 0.95 ± 0.39 Z⊙. This is evidence that massive galaxies had enriched rapidly to approximately solar metallicities as early as z ∼ 3.
Factors Influencing the Use of Digital Marketing by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises during COVID-19

This study aims to identify the factors that influence the use of digital marketing by SMEs in Medellín during COVID-19, proposing five factors that influence the use of these digital tools by 120 SMEs in Medellín, Colombia. The research was carried out under an exploratory factorial analysis, with a quantitative approach and an exploratory-descriptive scope. For data analysis, the levels of association between the constructs of the conceptual model and the intention to use these virtual tools were estimated, using Cramer’s V coefficient. The results identify the benefits perceived by customers, the perceived advantages of using digital tools, and business optimization as the key factors in predicting their acceptance and use. It is concluded that the most used digital marketing strategies are the content and web sites of Instagram and Facebook. As the main implications, the study contributes to understanding the behavior of companies regarding technological change which could help to identify needs and successful strategies that ensure the continuity and sustainability of this business sector. As limitations, the hypotheses were tested in a single context, so it is necessary to compare these results in developed countries to contribute to a global approach. In addition, only marketing professionals who held operational positions were surveyed, so future managers and leaders of the marketing area should be included in the studies.