Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE FIREFLY PSEUDOFLASH IN RELATION TO PHOTOGENIC CONTROL

As reported by Snell and Alexander, lampyrid fireflies exposed to oxygen concentrations of the order of 2% or lower develop a sustained "hypoxic glow," and when subsequently re-exposed to air emit a much brighter and shorter "pseudoflash. " We find that these responses can be independent of the spiracles, and are given by decapitated fireflies, isolated abdomens and excised photogenic organs, showing their independence of central nervous system and tracheae. The hypoxic glowpseudoflash response is also given by the elaterid firefly Pyrophorus and by the larval and pupal photogenic organs of lampyrid fireflies. Since all these organs lack tracheal end cells, these cells cannot, as Snell and Alexander believed, control this type of light production. This, together with other evidence, makes it clear that luminescence is rarely oxygen-limited. Rather, all our observations are consistent with enzyme activation and inhibition in a system of photochemical reactions of the sort proposed by McElroy and Hastings (1.
An Ensemble Model For Human Posture Recognition

Human Body Pose Estimation (HBPE) and HumanBody Posture Recognition(HBPR) have improved significantly in the past decade. Gaining access to huge amounts of data, Kinect camera, neural networks and specifically deep convolutional neural networks (deep convnets) have led to fascinating success in these fields. In this paper we propose an ensemble model for human body posture recognition. Deep convnets are the main building block and fundamental aspect of our proposed model. We leverage deep convnets in two variations to classify postures. First, we use them for an end-to-end training scenario. We perform transfer learning with Imagenet weights on deep convnets with our gathered dataset of RGB images to classify five different postures. Second, we use a pre-trained deep convnet[1] (pose estimator) for estimating human body joints in RGB images. The pre-trained pose estimator has been trained to calculate a total of 17 2D joints coordinates and we utilize these coordinates to train a decision tree-based classifier for classification among five classes. Both variations are examined with different settings. The best settings for both variations are combined together to create our proposed model. More specifically, the classification layers of both variations are stacked together and fed to a logistic regression unit for a better classification result. Transfer learning, training and experiments in this paper are based on only RGB images from our gathered dataset and human body joints coordinates extracted from these images, which conveys that our proposed model does not require depth images or any sensor. Eventually, experimental results on the images show that the proposed model has higher performance than fundamental variations. Specifically, our model is able to correctly recognize the human posture in the majority of the images that one of the two fundamental variations fails to classify. The code for the proposed model and our gathered dataset are available on github1.
Management of Peritonitis as Emergency in a Tertiary Care Center

Background: Peritonitis is defined as inflammation of the peritoneal cavity. This study was done to know the various trends of management in peritonitis cases in Amritsar district of Punjab state of India. Subjects and Methods: In this study 50 cases of peritonitis were screened on the basis of lab investigations, X-rays(chest and abdomen), ultrasonography and abdominal aspiration whenever required. Majority of perforation peritonitis patients presented to emergency with electrolyte disturbances followed by septicemia. Investigations, X-ray chest showed air under diaphragm. Ultrasound showed free fluid,four quadrant aspiration showed nature of peritoneal fluid of perforation. Patients were initially resuscitated and managed with surgery to correct the underlying pathology. Results: Anaemia was present in 12% of cases. 22% of cases presented with septicaemia (TLC>12000/mm3). Four quadrant aspiration analyses which showed that fecal matter was in the aspirate in 36% cases. Clear fluid was present in 22% cases. Bilious fluid was present in 12% cases. Haemorrhagic fluid was present in 4% cases, pus was present in 4% cases. No aspiration fluid was seen in 22% of cases. Conclusion: The most common site for the perforation is Terminal ileum (48.5%), followed by Stomach (31.4%), Duodenum (14.2%), colon (2.8%), jejunum (2.8%). Fever (90%) is the most common post-operative complication followed by Paralytic ileus (70%) and superficial wound infections (50%). post-operative complications are Anemia/ hypoproteinemia (10%), Burst abdomen (2%), Chest infections (10%), and Anastomotic leaks (0%).
Analysis of Different Black Hole Attack Detection Mechanisms for AODV Routing Protocol in Robotics Mobile AdHoc Networks

Robotics Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are comprised of stations having mobility with no central authority and control. The stations having mobility in Robotics MANETs work as a host as well as a router. Due to the unique characteristics of Robotics MANETs such type of networks are vulnerable to different security attacks. Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) is a routing protocol that belongs to the reactive category of routing protocols in Robotics MANETs. However, it is more vulnerable to the Black hole (BH) attack that is one of the most common attacks in the Robotics MANETs environment. In this attack during the route disclosure procedure a malicious station promotes itself as a most brief path to the destination as well as after that drop every one of the data gotten by the malicious station. Meanwhile the packets don't reach to its ideal goal, the BH attack turns out to be progressively escalated when a heap of malicious stations attack the system as a gathering. This research analyzed different BH finding as well as removal mechanisms for AODV routing protocol.
Deep Learning Based Massive-MIMO Decoder

Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (M-MIMO) is one of the key technology for 5th generation (5G) communication systems. Designing of M-MIMO decoder is very complex and challenging task. Recently, deep neural network (DNN) emerges as an alternative way to perform many complex tasks. In this work we have presented a deep learning (DL) based architecture DLNet) for receive signal decoding in Massive-MIMO system. In this we have considered an uplink time-varying Gaussian random MIMO channel perfectly known to the receiver. Based on the knowledge of this MIMO channel and the received signal the proposed DLNet decoder is decoding the messages of all the users. The presented decoder is 50 layer deep neural network. Its architecture is based on the projected gradient descent algorithm. Our simulation result shows, the proposed DLNet decoder for M-MIMO system performs better than other MIMO decoding techniques, by 3 dB bit error rate (BER), atleast 124 times faster and 9 times less complex.
Regression Forest Based RGB-D Visual Relocalization Using Coarse-to-Fine Strategy

Visual relocalization plays an important role in computer vision and robotics. However, feature ambiguities have made it remain challenging. In this work, we propose a novel regression forest based visual relocalization method that is performed in a coarse-to-fine manner. A topological regression tree is proposed to predict ‘coarse’ subscenes where the camera locates. The pixel-coordinates correspondence regression tree is next employed to accomplish the camera pixel-coordinates predictions. By only considering the predictions within the predicted subscenes, we perform ‘fine’ camera relocalization. We further propose to refine the pixel-coordinate predictions with graph-cut, which helps generating better pose hypotheses. We evaluate the proposed method on two public RGB-D datasets, including the 7Scenes (Microsoft) and the 12Scenes (Stanford University) datasets. We observe that the proposed method achieves accurate relocalization results and shows superior to or on-par accuracy with the state-of-the-art methods.
Isolation and Identification of Staphylococci Species from Fermented Salt Fish (Fassiekh)

Fassiekh is one of the fermented fish produced in different parts of Sudan, especially in coastal cities. It is made from the two common Nile fish, locally named Kawara (Alestes spp.) and Kass (Hydrocyonus spp.) which was most preferred by Sudanese consumers. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the Staphylococcus species present in the salted fassiekh produced in Ed Dueim city. Three types of samples (Dry salted fassiekh, Paste fassiekh and Wet salted fassiekh) were collected from different retails in sterile polyethylene bags and stored in ice containers. The laboratory analysis began immediately after arrival using pour plate methods and biochemical tests to evaluate total viable bacterial load and Stataphylococcus spp. (Staph. spp.) existence in fassiekh. Total viable counts were ranged from (4.0×10 3 - 1.8×10 6 cfu/g); Staphylococci counts (1.1×10 3 - 1.9×10 4 cfu/g). Seven isolates belonging to five species were isolated and identified: Staph.saccharolyticus (43.0%) predominate in all samples, and then followed by Staph.epidermidis, Staph.caprac, Staph.carnosus and Staph.schleiferi with the frequency (14.3%) respectively. The results from this study revealed that the unhygienic practices of fasiekh making, and the higher number of bacterial load and staphylococci count may pose hazards to human health. (Arafat M. Goja. Isolation and Identification of Staphylococci Species from Fermented Salt Fish (Fassiekh). Researcher 2013;5(5):81-85). (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub. net/researcher . 12
Influence of Latitude and Elevation on Polymorphism Among Populations of the Corn Leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong and Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in Brazil

Abstract Morphological variations in insects have been shown to be influenced by latitude and elevation. Here we show that these two parameters markedly influence the appearance of the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (DeLong and Wolcott). Leafhopper samples were collected in maize from 27 localities in 10 Brazilian states, with latitudes from 5 to 28° S and elevations from 16 to 1,628 m. D. maidis was the only Dalbulus species found in the samples. Up to 10 males and 10 females of D. maidis from each collection site were evaluated for size, pigmentation, and body weight. Females were always bigger and heavier than the males in the same locality. For both sexes, there was a positive and significant correlation between the morphological variables measured and the latitude and elevation from where specimens were collected. Individuals from higher latitudes (southern region) were bigger, darker, and heavier than those from lower latitudes (northeastern region). There was also a tendency for an increase in body weight, head capsule width, and wing length at higher elevations.
Environmental constraints on Didymosphenia geminata occurrence and bloom formation in Canadian Rocky Mountain lotic systems

The first documented bloom of Didymosphenia geminata in Alberta occurred in 2003, and subsequent field investigations revealed that D. geminata was present in the periphyton of a number of lotic systems, yet did not always form blooms. We sampled 76 sites in Canadian Rocky Mountain National Parks, chosen to provide ranges in exposure to D. geminata propagules and environmental conditions thought to affect D. geminata growth and bloom formation. Generalized linear models were then used to determine environmental constraints on habitat suitability and requirements for blooming and nonblooming populations across the landscape. Didymosphenia geminata was detected at 88% of sites, and of those, 34% had blooms, defined as visible mats of D. geminata stalks. Didymosphenia geminata cell abundance was significantly negatively related to stream velocity, stream order, and total phosphorus concentration, yet there was no significant relationship between D. geminata blooms and any of environmental variables measured.
Defining Irrigation Set Points Based on Substrate Properties for Variable Irrigation and Constant Matric Potential Devices in Greenhouse Tomato

Ongoing research on organic growing media for greenhouse tomato production is driven by the constant changes in the quality, stability, and form of the organic byproducts used in the manufacturing of these media. This study was undertaken to determine ap- propriate irrigation set points for a sawdust-peat mix (SP) under development given that the performance of this substrate appeared to be strongly dependent on appropriate irrigation management. A greenhouse tomato experiment was conducted to compare different irri- gation management approaches for a SP substrate in the spring and summer. Using pre- liminary measurements from an initial experiment (Expt. 1), different irrigation strategies for the SP substrate were compared in a second experiment (Expt. 2): 1) a variable irrigation regime using a timer control (with frequency adjusted as a function of irradiance); 2) ten- siometer control at -1.5 kPa; and 3) two constant substrate water potential devices: -1.1 kPa and -0.9 kPa. An irrigation timer/controller using solar radiation input was used with a rockwool control (RC) substrate. Measurements of plant activity (photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance (gS)), substrate physical and chemical properties, biomass, and yield were obtained. For all irrigation strategies, results indicated that 10% to 20% higher photosynthesis rates and gS values were obtained with the SP substrate compared with RC. Data indicated that moderate drying conditions (matric potential ranging from -2.2 kPa to -1.5 kPa in Expt. 1 and Expt. 2, respectively) relative to container capacity (-0.6 kPa) were beneficial for improving plant photosynthetic activity and allowed the highest yields for the SP substrate. Variable irrigation management showed higher levels of plant activity than constant watering and increased the oxygen concentration in the substrate by '2% in absolute value relative to the constant water potential device. Lower CO2 and N2 Ol evels were also observed with the variable irrigation strategy. On the other hand, maximum nutrient solution savings were achieved with the constant matric potential devices (8% to 31% relative to the RC). This study showed high productivity potential for the SP substrate with suitable irrigation management. Replacing conventional growing media with organic waste-based products using an appropriate irrigation strategy may help to increase the sustainability of the greenhouse industry.
Genetic Variability and Correlation Studies in Cowpea

Genetic variability and correlation coefficients in 40 promising varieties of cowpea were studied. Considerable genetic coefficient of variation, heri-tability and expected genetic advance were present in the varieties studied. Number of pods per plant had the highest genetic coefficient of variation (52.52 per cent.). Heritability was considerable for 100-grain yield, days to flowering, pod length and days to maturity. Expected genetic advance was appreciable for number of bunches, 100-grain weight, pod number, pod length and yield. Hundred-grain weight was found to have high heritability and high genetic advance and as such this character, seems to be of considerable value to the breeder for selection.
Munkovalsaria donacina from grapevines and Desert Ash in Australia

A bitunicate ascomycete bearing brown 1-septate ascospores consistent with the botryosphaeriaceous genera Dothiorella and Spencermartinsia was observed on discarded grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) canes, and in culture was purported to yield a coelomycetous asexual morph in Spencermartinsia. However, morphological studies and amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and portions of the small (18S) and large (28S) subunits of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene identified the ascomycete as Munkovalsaria donacina (Niessl) Aptroot, and revealed that the fungus is neither connected to an asexual morph in Spencermartinsia, nor related to the Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales). Instead, these findings provide the first report of M. donacina from grapevines and Desert Ash (Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia Vahl), extending the range of the taxon to 38 species in 24 families.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF INDIGOFERA LONGIRACEMOSA (FABACEAE)

Objective: An ethnomedicinal plant, Indigofera longiracemosa Boiv. ex Baill. was investigated for preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity. Methods: Preliminary Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity were carried out by standard methods. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of various extracts of the leaves revealed the presence of various classes of compounds such as amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, gum, oil & resins, proteins, phenolic groups, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. Antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanolic leaf extract showed concentration-dependent activity against all the tested bacteria with the zone of inhibition at various concentrations. Conclusion: Thus the findings revealed the medicinal potential of I. longiracemosa against various infectious diseases to develop a drug.
Haematological Changes Following Acute Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infection in Rabbits

This study assessed the haematological changes following acute T. brucei brucei infection in 10 rabbits during a period of six weeks post infection. Six rabbits were inoculated intraperitoneally (IP) with 0.5 mL of blood containing about 1x10 4 trypanosomes and four rabbits served as uninfected control. All infected rabbits developed acute trypanosomiasis with the following clinical signs and symptoms: slight weight loss, intermittent pyrexia, weakness, lethargy, dull and rough coats, pale mucous membranes, enlarged superficial lymph nodes and anaemia. The difference in mean+standard deviation of Packed Cell Volume (PCV), body weight, temperature, Haemoglobin (Hb) Red Blood Cell (RBC) count of infected and control animals were not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, the mean+standard deviation of total White Blood Cell (WBC) count and differential WBC showed significant differences (p<0.05). The mean percentage (%) +standard deviation of neutrophil count were 35.35+10.74 and 55.58+2.46, lymphocyte were 60.52+9.40 and 34.28+4.80. The platelet count varied significantly with 7.44+1.20 and 10.98+0.85. The result from this study showed that T. brucei brucei infection decreases both platelet (Thrombocytopenia) and neutrophil (Neutropenia), while lymphocyte population is increased (lymphocytosis).
Cloning, expression and characterization of xylose isomerase from thermophilic Geobacillus caldoxylosilyticus TK4 strain

Aim: To clone the gene of Xylose isomerase (XyI) from thermophilic Geobacillus caldoxylosilyticus TK4 strain and to express and characterize this enzyme. Methods: XyI gene of Geobacillus caldoxylolyticus was cloned into pET28a(+) vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was purified by using nickel affinity chromatography and characterization of the purified enzyme was done. Results: The recombinant enzyme had 1326 bp and optimum pH and temperature of the XyI were found to be 6.5 and 80°C, respectively. At 4.0-9.0 pH range and 4°C, after 15 days incubation, the enzyme was quite stable. The enzyme retained nearly 80% of its original activity after 3 hours incubation at 60°C and 70°C. In the presence of glucose as substrate, K m and V max values of the XyI were determined as 20.58 mM and 0.67 U/ mg protein, respectively. Conclusion: A XyI gene from Geobacillus caldoxylosilyticus TK4 was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The XyI shared common characteristics with known XyIs in terms of conserved amino acid residues, electrophoretic behaviour and kinetic parameters. The recombinant XyI may be used in industrial applications need high temperatures and low pHs
Forewarning the infestation of Leaf Webber (Glyphodes pyloalis walker) in Mulberry gardens of Kalimpong Area

Periodical recording of mulberry leaf webber, Glyphodes pyloalis population, their damage response on mulberry and abiotic factors viz., maximum and minimum temperatures, maximum and minimum relative humidity and rainfall for two consecutive years was done in 21 plots of Kalimpong area. Multiple regression studies revealed that minimum temperature averaged over 1 log week prior to the day of incidence played an important role for the pest population build up. This model can be used by an extension functionary to inform farmers about likelihood of pest incidence, thus ensuing need based pesticide application
Photon requirement for O2‐Revolution in red (λ= 680 nm) light for some C3 and C4 plants and a C3–C4 intermediate species

Photon requirements for O2-evolution in red (λ=680nm) light (Фr) were measured for six C3 species, one C3-like, C3–C4 intermediate species, and three C4 species, including examples of NADP-malic enzyme and PEP-carboxykinase C4 sub-groups. Variation in Фr within the C3 species was small with a mean value of 7.96 ±0.12 mol photon mol−1 O2, whereas the mean value for the C4 species was 12.27± 1.53 mol photon mol−1 O2, with the lowest value, 9.24 ±0.13 mol photon mol−1 O2, for the PEP-carboxykinase C4 species Spartina townsendii. The C3–C4 intermediate species Panicum milioides had a value of 9.05 ±0.29 mol photon mol−1 O2, approximately 1 mol photon mol−1 O2 greater than the C3 species. The possibility that this extra cost is due to PEP-carboxylase-dependent recycling of CO2 is discussed. No correlation was found between Фr and chlorophyll content or leaf absorptance. Based on white (ФW) and red light measurements of the photon requirement, values in red light were approximately 20% higher than white-light estimates. These results are discussed with reference to accepted mechanisms of energy transduction in thylakoid membranes (Z-scheme), expected inefficiencies and losses during light-harvesting and electron transport reactions, and the influence of respiratory processes.
Saldanha Bay, South Africa III: new production and carrying capacity for bivalve aquaculture

Measurements of NH4, NO3, urea and HCO3 uptake using 15N and 13C stable isotope tracers were undertaken in Saldanha Bay, South Africa, between January 2012 and January 2013. These studies provide the first direct measurements of N utilisation by the plankton in the bay. Primary production in the bay is driven predominantly by the advection of nutrients from the neighbouring shelf environment during upwelling events, with terrestrial and other sources providing minor inputs. New production (NO3-based) was calculated from the f-ratio and total primary production and was used to provide estimates of potential carrying capacity for bivalve culture. Despite the apparent light limitation of NO3 uptake in the winter, the availability of NO3 appeared to exert the major influence on new production throughout the year. In addition, new production was modulated by NH4 availability as shown by the suppression of NO3 uptake by concentrations higher than 1−1.5 mmol m−3. The estimated areal new production of 0.60 g C m−2 d−1 yielded a bay-wide annual estimate of 9 811 t C ha−1 y−1, slightly higher than previous calculations based on physical models. It is estimated that the total annual production of mussels and oysters, respectively, for a 1 000-ha cultivation area is approximately 40 000–53 000 t y−1 (mainly Mytilus galloprovincialis) and 4 600–6 000 t y−1 (Crassotrea gigas). The combined total production figures constitute only 24–31% of the surplus new production. A combined harvestable carrying capacity of 74 000–82 000 t y−1 can be calculated from this surplus. However, from a management and ecological perspective, bivalve culture should be limited to well below this theoretical maximum. Even with this constraint, there appears to be considerable scope for expansion of bivalve farming over the modest, present levels with little jeopardy to ecological integrity.