Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Central Nociceptive Transmission by Manual Pressure Techniques in Patients with Migraine: An Observational Study

Background: Manual pressure in the upper cervical spine is used to provoke and reduce the familiar migraine headache. Information is scarce on the segmental levels, myofascial structure provocation, and reduction occurrences. The required dosage (amount of pressure, number of repetitions, and duration) has not been objectified yet. Methods: Prospective observational study. Thirty patients with migraine were examined interictally. Manual pressure was applied at four sites: the posterior arch of C1, the articular pillar of C2, the rectus capitis posterior major muscle, and the obliquus capitis inferior muscle, bilaterally. On sites where the familiar headache was provoked, the pressure was sustained to induce pain reduction (three repetitions). Provocation of familiar headache (yes/no), headache intensity (numerical pain rating scale), time to obtain a reduction of the headache (seconds), and applied pressure (g/cm2) were recorded. Results: Provocation of the familiar headache occurred at the posterior arches C1 in 92%, and at one of the articular pillars of C2 in 65.3% of cases. At one of the rectus capitis major muscles, the familiar headache was provoked in 84.6% of cases; at one of the oblique capitis inferior muscles, the familiar headache was provoked in 76.9% of cases. The applied mean pressure ranged from 0.82 to 1.2 kg/cm2. Maintaining the pressure reduced headache pain intensity significantly between the start and end of each of the three consecutive trials (p < 0.04). This reduction occurred faster in the third application than in the first application (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Manual pressure at upper cervical segments provokes familiar referred migraine headaches, with low manual pressure. Maintaining the pressure reduces the referred head pain significantly, indicating modulation of central nociceptive transmission.
Interactive comment on “The relative importance of various source regions on East Asian surface ozone” by

This paper presents the relative contribution of various source regions on surface ozone over East Asia using a tagged tracer method with a global-scale chemical transport model. Ozone tracers are tagged from a number of source regions, and the results are presented for East Asian receptor regions by separating the contribution of PBL, FT and ST ozone. My major concern is that the relationships between PBL/FT ozone and individual ozone precursor emissions regions should be further clariﬁed. For ex-ample, FT ozone abundance can result from either inter-continental transport or lofting of local pollution. Simply FT contribution can not tell whether this is
Induced by OFA than by RTX Considerably Higher Levels of CDC Are Ofatumumab (OFA) or Rituximab (RTX): of B Cells Opsonized with Anti-CD20 mAbs Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC) Binding of Submaximal C1q Promotes

The CD20 mAb ofatumumab (OFA) is more effective than rituximab (RTX) in promoting complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of B cells via the classical pathway (CP) of complement. CP activation is initiated by C1q binding to cell-bound IgG. Therefore, we examined the role of C1q in the dynamics of complement activation and CDC of B cell lines and primary cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, reacted with OFA or RTX. C1q binding, complement activation, and colocalization of C1q with cell-bound mAbs were determined by ﬂow cytometry and high-resolution digital imaging. C1q binds avidly to OFA-opsonized Raji and Daudi cells ( K D (cid:1) 12–16 nM) and colocalizes substantially with cell-bound OFA. Cells opsonized with OFA undergo high levels of complement activation and CDC in C1q-depleted serum supplemented with low concentrations of C1q. Under comparable conditions, RTX-opsonized cells bind less C1q; in addition, even when higher concentrations of C1q are used to achieve comparable C1q binding to RTX-opsonized cells, less complement activation and CDC are observed. Greater CDC induced by OFA may occur because C1q is bound in close proximity and with high avidity to OFA, resulting in effective CP activation. Moreover, OFA binds to the small, extracellular CD20 loop, placing the mAb considerably closer to the cell membrane than does RTX. This may facilitate effective capture and concentration of activated complement components closer to the cell membrane, potentially shielding them from inactivation by ﬂuid phase agents
DDDT_A_259369 4115..4129

1College of Science, Chemistry Department, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Toxic and Narcotic Drug, Forensic Medicine, Mansoura Laboratory, Medicolegal Organization, Ministry of Justice, Mansoura, Egypt; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; 4Bioavailability Laboratory, Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; 5Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Cairo 12622, Egypt; 6Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt Background: Electron donor–acceptor interactions are important molecular reactions for the activity of pharmacological compounds. The aim of the study is to develop a charge transfer (CT) complex: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity, and theoretical study. Method and Results: A solid CT complex of neostigmine (NSG) with 2,3-dichloro5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) was synthesized and characterized by infrared spectra, NMR, and UV–visible spectroscopy. The results confirm the formation of a CT complex. The stability of the CT complex between NSG and DDQ in acetonitrile was determined in solution via spectrophotometric measurement, ie, by calculating the formation constant, molar extinction coefficient, and different spectroscopic parameters. The stoichiometry of the formed NSG–DDQ complex was determined using Job's method. The absorption band of the NSG–DDQ complex can be used for the quantification of NSG. Conclusion: The DFT geometry optimization of NSG, DDQ, and the CT complex and the UV comparative study of both theoretical and experimental structures are presented. The experimental results confirm the charge transfer structure. The bacterial study shows that the NSG–DDQ complex has good antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria as well as antifungal activity against Candida albicans.
The effect of pricing strategies on time on market in newly built apartments projects in Stockholm

This study aims to investigate the causal linkage between developers’ pricing strategies and time on market (TOM) in the primary market for residential properties, i.e. a market where the seller is a developer or construction company, since this market differs significantly from the secondary or succession market. Regression models are estimated using a dataset from 11 500 newly built apartment units in the Stockholm, Sweden, sold between June 2010 and March 2018. To describe the investigated data and test the hypothesis if overpricing affects TOM a regression analysis was conducted. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique was applied explaining the size of TOM as a function of changes in a set of characteristics and conditions (independent variables) in one single equation. To measure an objective Degree of Overpricing (DOP), expected price was obtained by using market data and a hedonic price model controlling property attributes and market conditions. DOP is measured as the normalized difference between selling price and expected price. By using a constructed price model when studying the relationship between the price and multiple independent variables, the empirical results show that an increase in variables such as competitive supply, distance from city centre, monthly fee and selling time lead to a decrease in price while higher floor level lead to an increase in price. Looking into the degree of overpricing and its effect on TOM, a Time on Market model was applied. Generally, the empirical results demonstrate that higher DOP results in longer TOM. An increase in competitive supply and monthly fee result in shorter TOM. When it comes to size, smaller apartments seems to sell faster than larger apartments. Different modulations detect varying significances among the independent variables investigated. Overall, the models display a positive correlation between DOP and TOM. The originality and value of this study lies in the analysis of data collected from several development projects. This study is one of the first study that empirically examine the priceTOM relationship in the Stockholm primary housing market.
TOMATO BREEDING IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA - CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES: A REVIEW

Successful tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) production depends on availability of improved cultivars that can withstand biotic and abiotic pressures inflicted by the environment. This paper explores the challenges in tomato breeding and identifies opportunities that can be explored to improve tomato breeding initiatives in Africa. The review focuses on primary sources of information and notes that few existing tomato breeding institutions in Africa can drive a vibrant tomato industry and its downstream enterprises. This is coupled with inadequate breeding policies regarding varietal release and protection, negative effects of climate change, emergence of pests and diseases that impact negatively on tomato production efforts in Africa. There is a chance to tap in the diversity currently existing in wild tomato relatives, and to introduce and strengthen tomato breeding at various research institutes, through capacity building. Furthermore, there is need for Africa to embrace long term breeding strategies such as pre-breeding and the use of modern breeding technologies, if tomato production is to be sustained. Key production challenges in Africa include high incidences of fungal diseases and pests, low soil fertility, limited tomato breeding, climate change induced stresses and lack of adequate inputs due to prohibitive costs. Tomato production opportunities arise as a result of increase in human populations and consequently mounting consumer demands for nutrition and potential use of improved technologies such as CRISPR and gene sequence technologies to produce novel genotypes. J. en aval. Ceci est couplé à des politiques de sélection inadéquates concernant la libération et la protection variétales, les effets négatifs du changement climatique, l’émergence de ravageurs et de maladies qui ont un impact négatif sur les efforts de production de tomates en Afrique. Il est possible d’exploiter la diversité qui existe actuellement chez les parents de tomates sauvages et d’introduire et de renforcer la sélection des tomates dans divers instituts de recherche, grâce au renforcement des capacités. En outre, l’Afrique doit adopter des stratégies de sélection à long terme telles que la pré-sélection et l’utilisation de technologies de sélection modernes, si la production de tomates doit être maintenue. Les principaux défis de production en Afrique comprennent une incidence élevée de maladies fongiques et de ravageurs, une faible fertilité des sols, une reproduction limitée des tomates, des stress induits par le changement climatique et le manque d’intrants adéquats en raison de coûts prohibitifs. Les opportunités de production de tomates résultent de l’augmentation des populations humaines et par conséquent de la demande croissante des consommateurs pour la nutrition et l’utilisation potentielle de technologies améliorées telles que CRISPR et les technologies de séquence de gènes pour produire de nouveaux génotypes.
On the Removal of Skewness by Transformation

SUMMARY We suggest empirical transformations for removing most of the skewness of an asymmetric statistic. These transformations may be used as the basis for accurate confidence procedures or hypothesis tests and can be employed in conjunction with either a normal approximation or the bootstrap. Our approach differs from those of other researchers in that the transformation is monotone and invertible. In this paper we suggest elementary but general transformations for eliminating skewness from the distribution of a Studentized statistic. The transformations are monotone and have simple, explicit inversion formulae, and so are readily applied to confidence interval problems. When the transformations are used in conjunction with the bootstrap, they can produce confidence intervals with particularly low levels of coverage error. That confidence intervals for symmetric statistics have lower coverage error than their counterparts in the case of asymmetry may be deduced from Edgeworth expansions. The first term in an expansion, of size n - 1/2 where n is the sample size, describes the error in the usual normal approximation and is due entirely to skewness. If it can be eliminated, for example by transformation, then the normal approxima- tion will be in error by only O(n- 1). Thus, our method involves transforming one statistic into another, where the distribution is virtually symmetric, applying the normal approximation (or the bootstrap) to the new statistic and then regaining the asymmetry of the original problem by inverse transformation, at the same time retain- ing the high coverage accuracy conferred by applying confidence interval procedures to a symmetric statistic.
Catching values of small-scale fisheries A look at markets, trade relations and fisher behaviour

This thesis explores small-scale fisheries trade, markets and the accompanying relationships. It does so to understand how they contribute to human wellbeing and ecosystem health through fisher's behaviour in the marine environment. The capacity of small-scale fisheries to provide for fisherfolk and wider society is currently challenged by human induced ecological threats such as overexploitation and climate change. Small-scale fisheries are increasingly incorporated into the global trading system, which in part drive these ecological changes. At the same time these fisheries are important providers of food and livelihood security for millions of people worldwide. How to realise better fishery governance approaches and enactment is therefore paramount. This thesis attempts to address knowledge gaps in governance and research that centre around the market and actors within itan area little included in governing fisheries. I draw on the value chain concept and use a mixed methods approach to address three gaps. First, the structure and functioning of small-scale fishery markets and relations. Second, how benefits are distributed in the market and affected by trade relations. Third, I examine how relations and benefit distributions influence fishing behaviour. Case studies are used throughout this thesis drawing on empirical work done in Zanzibar, Tanzania and Iloilo, Philippines. The role of global seafood markets is additionally recognised as a driver of change in all four papers of the thesis. Paper I shows that extending the value chain to combine economic and informal exchanges identifies a wider range of fishery-related sources for human wellbeing within seafood trade. It also highlights more marginal players. Paper II demonstrates how actor's abilities to access economic benefits are impacted by local gender roles and social relations. But these intersect with their value chain position and end-markets. In Paper III local norms appear to play a role in fishing behaviour, more so than market incentives. These dynamics are explored through behavioural economic experiments. Finally Paper IV examines how patronage can have contradictory influences for fisherfolk vulnerability and adaptability. It can also create tensions for overall system resilience when considered at different scales. Overall the thesis contributes to a better understanding of the local to global drivers and interactions in small-scale fisheries trade. The thesis also provides insights into some of the factors influencing the distribution of fisheryrelated benefits. These aspects have all been cited as vital for designing strategies for improving the wellbeing of people reliant on fisheries.
Angiotensin II and tumour necrosis factor a as mediators of ATP-dependent potassium channel remodelling in post-infarction heart failure

Aims Angiotensin II (Ang II) and tumour necrosis factor a (TNF a ) are involved in the progression from compensated hypertrophy to heart failure. Here, we test their role in the remodelling of ATP-dependent potassium channel (K ATP ) in heart failure, conferring increased metabolic and diazoxide sensitivity. Methods and results We observed increased expression of both angiotensinogen and TNF a in the failing rat myocardium, with a regional gradient matching that of the K ATP subunit Kir6.1 expression. Both angiotensinogen and TNF a expression correlated positively with Kir6.1 and negatively with Kir6.2 expression across the post-infarction myocardium. To further identify a causal relationship, cardiomyo- cytes isolated from normal rat hearts were exposed in vitro to Ang II or TNF a . We observed increased Kir6.1 and SUR subunit and reduced Kir6.2 subunit mRNA expression in cardiomyocytes cultured with Ang II or TNF a , similar to what was observed in failing hearts. In patch-clamp experiments, cardiomyocytes cultured with Ang II or TNF a exhibited responsiveness to diazoxide, in terms of both K ATP current and action potential shortening. This was not observed in untreated cardiomyocytes and resembles the diaz- oxide sensitivity of failing cardiomyocytes that also overexpress Kir6.1. Ang II exerted its effect through induction of TNF a expression, because TNF a -neutralizing antibody abolished the effect of Ang II, and in failing hearts, regional expression of angiotensinogen matched TNF a expression. Finally, Ang II and TNF a regulated K ATP subunit expression, possibly through differential expression of Forkhead box transcription factors. Conclusion This study identiﬁes Ang II and TNF a as mediators of the remodelling of K ATP channels in heart failure.
EFFECT OF SOME STIMULANTS AND SPRAYING AMINO ACIDS ON GROWTH AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CUCUMBER PLANTS GROWN UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

The current study was conducted in a greenhouse belongs to the Faculty of Agriculture Farm, Cairo University during 2012/3013 and 2014/2015 early autumn seasons to study the effect of amino acids as foliar application and using four stimulants; viz. , microbial inoculants, mixture of nitrogen fixing bacteria ( Azotobacter sp), phosphate dissolving bacteria ( Bacillus megaterium ) and potassium dissolving bacteria ( Bacillus circulans ), humic acid, effective microorganisms (EM) and yeast strains ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 110) as soil fertilizer on vegetative growth characters and chemical composition of cucumber cv. Safa 62. The experiment treatments which were the combinations between amino acids (0 and 2 g /l) and four stimulants were arranged in a factorial experiment with three replicates in addition to sprayed with tap water (control). Results indicated that spraying cucumber plants with amino acids affected significantly plant height, number of leaves, average leaf area and K content in leaves while, chlorophyll content and dry weight of leaves were not significantly affected in both seasons. However, N content in first season only and P content in second season only in leaves were significantly affected. Differences of P content in first season only and N content in second season only in leaves were insignificant. Stimulants increased plant height, number of leaves/plant, average leaf area, chlorophyll content in leaves, dry weight of leaves and the content of N, P, and K in leaves comparing with control while, the lowest values were recorded. The microbial inoculants and EM gave the highest plant height, number of leaves/plant, average leaf area, chlorophyll content in leaves, dry weight of leaves and the content of N, P, and K in leaves comparing with the other bio-stimulants. Foliar application of amino acids combined with microbial inoculants and also amino acids combined with EM gave the highest values of all vegetative growth characters and chemical composition in leaves in this study comparing with other interaction treatments.
Impurity-induced transition to a Mott insulator in Sr 3 Ru 2 O 7

The electrical, magnetic, and structural properties of Sr$_3$(Ru$_{1-x}$Mn$_x$)$_2$O$_7$ (0 $\leq x \leq$ 0.2) are investigated. The parent compound Sr$_3$Ru$_2$O$_7$ is a paramagnetic metal, critically close to magnetic order. We have found that, with a Ru-site doping by only a few percent of Mn, the ground state is switched from a paramagnetic metal to an antiferromagnetic insulator. Optical conductivity measurements show the opening of a gap as large as 0.1 eV, indicating that the metal-to-insulator transition is driven by the electron correlation. The complex low-temperature antiferromagnetic spin arrangement, reminiscent of those observed in some nickelates and manganites, suggests a long range orbital order.
and Thymocyte Development Function Role in Coordinating Mitochondrial Gene Targeting RhoA Reveals Its Essential

Thymocyte development is regulated by complex signaling pathways. How these signaling cascades are coordinated remains elusive. RhoA of the Rho family small GTPases plays an important role in actin cytoskeleton organization, cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. Nonetheless, the physiological function of RhoA in thymocyte development is not clear. By characterizing a conditional gene targeting mouse model bearing T cell deletion of RhoA, we show that RhoA critically regulates thymocyte development by coordinating multiple developmental events. RhoA gene disruption caused a strong developmental block at the pre-TCR checkpoint and during positive selection. Ablation of RhoA led to reduced DNA synthesis in CD4 2 CD8 2 , CD4 + CD8 2 , and CD4 2 CD8 + thymocytes but not in CD4 + CD8 + thymocytes. Instead, RhoA-deﬁcient CD4 + CD8 + thymocytes showed an impaired mitosis. Furthermore, we found that abrogation of RhoA led to an increased apoptosis in all thymocyte subpopulations. Impor-tantly, we show that the increased apoptosis was resulted from reduced pre-TCR expression and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may be because of an enhanced mitochondrial function, as manifested by increased oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial biogenesis in RhoA-deﬁcient thymocytes. Restoration of pre-TCR expression or treatment of RhoA-deﬁcient mice with a ROS scavenger N -acetylcysteine partially restored thymocyte development. These results suggest that RhoA is required for thymocyte development and indicate, to our knowledge, for the ﬁrst time that ﬁne-tuning
Expurgated Codes for Detecting Jamming in Multi-level Memories

—Robust q -ary codes can efﬁciently detect jamming in multilevel memories when q is a power of two. When q is not a power of two, a binary information word has to be converted and encoded into a q -ary codeword. This conversion expurgates the code; some of the q -ary codewords are never used. Unless properly designed, expurgation can signiﬁcantly degrade the efﬁciency of the code in terms of its error detection capability. This work presents a q -ary robust Quadratic-Sum code for arbitrary q ’s and analyzes the error masking probability of the expurgated code when applied to multilevel memories. It is shown that by wisely designing the converter, this degradation can be minimized, and in some cases, the expurgated code’s efﬁciency can be superior to the one of the original code. This work suggests how to construct a converter to optimize code properties.