Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modulatory Effects of Swimming Training on Hypoxia-Induced Factors in Heart Tissue of Rats Exposed to Chronic Stress

Background: Monitoring cardiac, metabolic, neurological, and aging responses to stressors is critical. This study aimed to investigate the effect of swimming training on HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in heart tissue of rats exposed to chronic stress. Methods: To this end, 30 male Wistar rats (age: 10 - 12 weeks, weight: 220 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into five equal groups of six rats as follows: (1) Con (no treatment for 10 weeks); (2) CS + ST (4 weeks of stress, 4 weeks of swimming); (3) ST: (4 weeks of swimming); (4) CS: (4 weeks of stress); (5) CS-time: (4 weeks of stress, 6 weeks of no treatment). Anxiety-like behaviors were measured by an open field test. Heart tissue was immunohistochemically assessed for HIF-1α expression using a polyclonal antibody. Vascular endothelial growth factor protein levels were also determined using western blot analysis. To analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, One-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used, and P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed that chronic mild stress (CMS) significantly decreased the HIF-1α expression in heart tissue in CS and CS-time groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the result revealed that swimming training significantly increased the level of HIF-1α expression in heart tissue in ST and CS+ST groups (P < 0.05). Although swimming training increased HIF-1α levels in the CS+ST group after a period of four weeks of CMS, these increases were smaller than those observed in ST and control groups (P < 0.05). The results from the One-way ANOVA test also demonstrated that the CMS significantly downregulated the VEGF expression in heart tissue in CS and CS-time groups, whereas swimming training significantly increased its level in ST and CS+ST groups (P < 0.05). Although swimming training increased VEGF levels in the CS+ST group after a period of four weeks of CMS, these increases were smaller than those detected in ST and control groups. Conclusions: Although chronic mild stress had the potential to reduce hypoxia-induced factors in heart tissue, swimming training modified these factors.
Narrative Review: Obesity, Type 2 DM and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea—Common Bedfellows

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and type 2 DM mellitus (T2DM) share obesity as a major risk factor. Furthermore, these conditions share overlapping mechanisms including inflammation, activation of the autonomic nervous system, and hypoxia-linked endocrinopathy. Hence, the pathogenesis of the two conditions may be more closely related than previously recognised. This raises the question of whether treatment of OSA might assist resolution of obesity and/or T2DM. Here, we present a narrative review of the literature to identify clinical and scientific data on the relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea and T2DM control. We found there is a paucity of adequately powered well-controlled clinical trials to directly test for a causal association. While routine screening of all T2DM patients with polysomnography cannot currently be justified, given the high prevalence of sleep disordered breathing in the overweight/obese population, all T2DM patients should at a minimum have a clinical assessment of potential obstructive sleep apnoea risk as part of their routine clinical care. In particular, screening questionnaires can be used to identify T2DM subjects at higher risk of OSA for consideration of formal polysomnography studies. Due to morbid obesity being a common feature in both T2DM and OSA, polysomnography should be considered as a screening tool in such high-risk individuals.
Utilization of Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Testing in Korean Patients Visiting Local Clinics and Hospitals

Small dense low-density cholesterol (sdLDL) has been the focus of studies due to its potential as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the utilization of sdLDL testing by LDL particle size analysis and the prevalence of an sdLDL predominant phenotype in Korean adult patients by visiting local clinics and hospitals. Among 9222 Korean adults (4577 men and 4645 women) with a median age of 62.8 years (interquartile range, IQR 54.5 to 71.8 years) undergoing lipid profile testing using LDL particle size analysis, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dL), hypo HDL cholesterolemia (<40 mg/dL), and hyper LDL cholesterolemia (≥160 mg/dL) was 7.8%, 12.9%, and 0.5%, respectively. The overall prevalence of the sdLDL predominant non-A phenotype of LDL was 46.8% of study subjects. Approximately 32.8% of the study subjects possessed lipid test results that did not exhibit increased risk except for sdLDL (only the sdLDL predominant non-A phenotype as a risk factor). In Korea, sdLDL testing was utilized in patients whose LDL cholesterol level was not increased. Future studies to clarify the clinical significance of this test in the Korean population are needed.
Madrasa education development in Indonesia: The role of government support, human resource improvement and institutional polices

Recently, Madrasa education development, especially in Islamic countries like Indonesia, has become a significant issue that needs the attention of academic and regulators alike. Therefore, the present research examines the impact of government support and human resource (HR) improvement on Madrasa education development in Indonesia. The researchers also investigate the moderating role of institutional policies among the nexus of government support, HR improvement and Madrasa education development in Indonesia. The researchers have followed the primary data collection approach using questionnaires for data collection from the selected respondents. The present article also uses the smart-PLS to evaluate the relations among variables and the validity of the constructs. The results indicate that government support and HR improvement have a positive association with Madrasa education development in Indonesia. The results also revealed that institutional policies significantly moderate among the nexus of government support, HR improvement and Madrasa education development in Indonesia. These outcomes are meaningful for the Madrasa developing and regulating authorities while formulating rules and regulations regarding Madrasa education development in the country. Keywords: Government support, human resource (HR) improvement, Madrasa education development, institutional policies
Partition d'arêts et représentation implicite de graphes

La representation implicite de graphes a ete introduite en 1966 par Breuer afin de calculer l'adjacence dans les graphes a partir de donnees locales encodees par chaque sommet. Dans ce document, on s'est interesse a cette notion pour de nombreuses familles de graphes et en particulier pour les graphes sur surfaces. Afin de pouvoir utiliser les representations implicites existantes sur les forets, on montre tout d'abord l'existence d'une partition des aretes des graphes de genre d'Euler g en trois forets plus un ensemble d'au plus 3g - 3 aretes. On presente une representation implicite pour les arbres de degre interne borne par d ayant n sommets avec des etiquettes de log n + O (log d) bits. Enfin, on decrit une representation implicite pour les graphes planaires et les graphes de genre borne en (2 + 0(1)) log n bits deduite d'une representation implicite pour les graphes de largeur arborescente bornee avec des etiquettes de (1 + 0(1)) log n bits. On utilise une technique similaire afin d'obtenir un schema k-relationnel sur les arbres.
Increased Levels of HbA1c in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes and Depression: A Meta-Analysis of 34 Studies with 68,398 Participants

Glycosylated hemoglobin is used to diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus and assess metabolic control. Depression itself has been associated with high levels of HbA1c in individuals with T2DM. The association between diabetes and depression suggests the usefulness of determining HbA1c as a biological marker of depressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine HbA1c levels in individuals with T2DM with vs. without depression. Additionally, we analyzed the influence of pharmacological treatments, time of evolution, and complications of disease. We performed a literature search in different databases published up to January 2020. A total of 34 articles were included. Our results showed that individuals with T2DM with depression showed increased levels of HbA1c in comparison to individuals with T2DM without depression (d = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.12–0.29, p(Z) < 0.001; I2 = 85.00). We also found that HbA1c levels remained elevated in individuals with T2DM with depression who were taking hypoglycemic drugs (d = 0.20 95% CI: 0.11–0.30, p(Z) < 0.001; I2 = 86.80), in individuals with less than 10 years of evolution (d = 0.17 95% CI: 0.09–0.26, p(Z) = 0.001; I2 = 66.03) and in individuals with complications of the disease (d = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.07–0.26, p(Z) < 0.001; I2 = 58.41). Our results show that HbA1c levels in individuals with T2DM with depression are significantly increased compared to controls with T2DM without depression. Additionally, these levels remained elevated in individuals who were taking hypoglycemic drugs, those with less than 10 years of disease evolution, and those with complications related to diabetes. It is necessary to examine the existence of a diabetes–HbA1c–depression connection.
PCR Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) DNA in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, in Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis, and in Healthy Individuals

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common virus worldwide that is an etiologic agent in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Recent reports have shown the association of EBV with tumorigenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Moreover, EBV has been reported to be present in tonsillar tissues, which suggests a close relationship between viral infections and tonsillar diseases, including chronic tonsillitis. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of EBV DNA in 86 patients with HNSCC, in 70 patients with chronic tonsillitis, and in 144 healthy individuals (control group) and the associations between EBV infection and clinicopathological and demographic characteristics and the use of stimulants in all study groups. The objective of this study was also to analyze the prevalence of coinfection with human papillomavirus (HPV). After prior DNA isolation, EBV detection was performed using an EBV kit by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of EBV infection in patients with HNSCC, patients with chronic tonsillitis, and the control group was 47.7%, 60%, and 24.3%, respectively. Compared to controls, a significantly higher prevalence of EBV in patients with chronic tonsillitis and HNSCC may suggest that EBV is a potential risk factor. No association was found between EBV infection and demographic or clinical data. Further studies are warranted due to inconclusive reports that were mainly related to geographic distribution, sample type, and detection technique. Considering the prevalence of the virus and the risk of serious diseases, attention should be paid to screening diagnosis and prevention of the infection.
Robust adaptive fault‐tolerant control of uncertain linear systems via sliding‐mode output feedback

This paper is concerned with the robust adaptive fault‐tolerant compensation control problem via sliding‐mode output feedback for uncertain linear systems with actuator faults and exogenous disturbances. Mismatched disturbance attenuation is performed via H∞ norm minimization. By incorporating the matrix full‐rank factorization technique with sliding surface design successfully, the total failure of certain actuators can be coped with, under the assumption that redundancy is available in the system. Without the need for a fault detection and isolation mechanism, an adaptive sliding mode controller, where the gain of the nonlinear unit vector term is updated automatically to compensate the effects of actuator faults, is designed to guarantee the asymptotic stability and adaptive H∞ performance of closed‐loop systems. The effectiveness of the proposed design method is illustrated via a B747‐100/200 aircraft model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survey of Interoperability Challenges in the Internet of Vehicles

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an active area for innovation and an essential tool in achieving smart cities through the integration of vehicles with the Internet of Things (IoT). IoV is a distributed network that aids in handling the data generated by vehicular sensors and vehicle-to-everything communication (V2X), thus enabling novel applications such as autonomous driving and platooning while increasing safety and energy efficiency. In IoV, the sensors and the interdependent devices relay critical information for the efficient implementation of real-time applications in the ecosystem. Despite all these advancements, a vital challenge is establishing smooth communication among interconnected devices, concretely, interoperability in the IoV—a deceptively simple notion that is not yet fully addressed to achieve a fully integrated ecosystem. This is mainly because the networked domains, such as home, grid, and health care, are developed in silos, operating independently with diverse processes and protocols. Hence, seamless exchange of information is yet to be achieved across the ecosystem, hindering the maximization of the full promise of IoV. In this paper, we provide an in-depth analysis of the present state of interoperability and comprehensively survey the challenges in IoV. We present a taxonomy of interoperability approaches, review solutions that prior work have proposed, and provide insights on how to address the current challenges. Finally, we identify open problems that persist and future directions for research.
Electoral violence and voter apathy: Peace journalism and good governance in perspective

Throughout election seasons, threats, verbal bullying, hate speech, misinformation, physical attack, and imposed “protection” are all utilised to limit, postpone, or otherwise impact the electoral process, according to Fischer (2002). By examining the role of the media in the portrayal of electoral violence, this research highlighted the struggle for power and state resources in electoral contests. The paper looks at peace journalism as a key component of election coverage for defusing tensions and fostering good governance. Two hypotheses were tested, and no link was found between media reporting on electoral violence, media portrayals of electoral violence, and voters’ perception of good governance. The result demonstrates that the Nigerian media is fair in its coverage of electoral issues, including violence before, during, and after elections, in a balanced and responsible manner. It is all geared towards promoting good governance. The study indicates that journalists are primarily responsible for what readers learn about elections and electoral violence, and audience perception will be shaped by how journalists represent political players and their activities
De Novo Whole-Genome Sequencing and Assembly of the Yellow-Throated Bunting (Emberiza elegans) Provides Insights into Its Evolutionary Adaptation

Simple Summary We report the genomic sequence of Emberiza elegans for understanding the evolutionary mechanisms of environmental adaptation and for studying a more effective genetic monitoring of this species. The E. elegans assembly was approximately 1.14 Gb, with a scaffold N50 of 28.94 Mb. About 15,868 protein-coding genes were predicted, and 16.62% of the genome was identified as having repetitive elements. Our genomic evolution analyses found considerable numbers of adaptive genes that may help the yellow-throated bunting cope with migratory behavior and environmental stressors of diseases. These results provide us with new insights into genomic evolution and adaptation, thus providing a valuable resource for further studies of population genetic diversity and genome evolution in this species. Abstract Yellow-throated bunting is a small migratory songbird unique to the Palearctic region. However, the genetic studies of this species remain limited, with no nuclear genomic sequence reported to date. In this study, the genomic DNA from the bird was sequenced in long reads using Nanopore sequencing technology. Combining short-read sequencing, the genome was well-assembled and annotated. The final length of the assembly is approximately 1.14 Gb, with a scaffold N50 of 28.94 Mb. About 15,868 protein-coding genes were predicted, and 16.62% of the genome was identified as having repetitive elements. Comparative genomic analysis showed numerous expanded gene families and positively selected genes significantly enriched in those KEGG pathways that are associated with migratory behavior adaptation and immune response. Here, this newly generated de novo genome of the yellow-throated bunting using long reads provide the research community with a valuable resource for further studies of population genetic diversity and genome evolution in this species.
An Exploration of Rural–Urban Residence on Self-Reported Health Status with UK Cancer Survivors Following Treatment: A Brief Report

Objective: To explore the effect of rural–urban residence on the self-reported health status of UK cancer survivors following primary treatment. Design: A post-positivist approach utilizing a cross-sectional survey that collected data on demographics, postcode and self-reported health status. Methods: An independent samples t test was used to detect differences in health status between rural and urban respondents. Pearson’s χ2 was used to control for confounding variables and a multivariate analysis was conducted using Stepwise linear regression. Setting: East Midlands of England. Participants: Adult cancer survivors who had undergone primary treatment in the last five years. Participants were excluded if they had recurrence or metastatic spread, started active oncology treatment in the last twelve months, and/or were in receipt of palliative or end-of-life care. Main outcome: Residence was measured using the UK Office for National Statistics (ONS) RUC2011 Rural–Urban Classifications and Health Status via the UK ONS self-reported health status measure. Ethics: The study was reviewed and approved (Ref: 17/WS/0054) by an NHS Research Ethics Committee and the Health Research Authority (HRA) prior to recruitment and data collection taking place. Results: 227 respondents returned a questionnaire (response rate 27%). Forty-five percent (n = 103) were resident in a rural area and fifty-three percent (n = 120) in an urban area. Rural (4.11 ± 0.85) respondents had significantly (p < 0.001) higher self-reported health statuses compared to urban (3.65 ± 0.93) respondents (MD 0.47; 95% CI 0.23, 0.70). Conclusion: It is hoped that the results will stimulate further work in this area and that researchers will be encouraged to collect data on rural–urban residency where appropriate.
Incorporation of the New anti-Octadecaborane Laser Dyes into Thin Polymer Films: A Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence and Infrared Spectroscopy Study

New anti-octadecaborane(22) laser dyes have been recently introduced. However, their application in solid thin films is limited, despite being very desirable for electronics. Spectroscopic methods, photoluminescence (PL), and infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), are here used to reveal structural responses to a temperature change in thin polymer films made of π- and σ-conjugated and non-conjugated polymers and anti-octadecaborane(22) and its tetra-alkylatedderivatives. It has been observed that borane clusters are not firmly fixed within polymer matrices and that their ability for diffusion out of the polymer film is unprecedented, especially at higher temperatures. This ability is related to thermodynamic transitions of polymer macromolecular chains. PL and IRRAS spectra have revealed a clear correlation with β-transition and α-transition of polymers. The influence of structure and molecular weight of a polymer and the concentration and the substitution type of clusters on mobility of borane clusters within the polymer matrix is demonstrated. A solution is proposed that led to an improvement of the temperature stability of films by 45 °C. The well-known spectroscopic methods have proved to be powerful tools for a non-routine description of the temperature behavior of both borane clusters and polymer matrices.
Common Anatomical Variations of Neurovascular Canals and Foramina Relevant to Oral Surgeons: A Review

(1) Background: The anatomical variations of neurovascular canals that are encountered in oral surgery are often overlooked by anatomy textbooks or provided with insufficient information. The aim of this study is to analyze the most common variations, describing their morphology, prevalence and clinical implications. (2) Methods: A review of published literature from the 20th century onwards was performed using the PubMed electronic database as well as anatomical textbooks. The variations being investigated were: retromolar canal (RMC) and foramen (RMF), accessory mental foramen (AMF), midline (MLF) and lateral (MLF) lingual foramina and canalis sinuosus (CS). (3) Results: Anatomical variants of neurovascular canals and foramina have a significant incidence and important clinical implications in the most common oral surgery procedures such as third molar extraction, bone harvesting and implantology. (4) Conclusions: Knowledge of these variables is highly important both for students to have a more accurate anatomical awareness and for professional surgeons to be able to provide better diagnoses and prevent complications during oral surgery techniques.
Oscillation Results for Third Order Nonlinear Neutral Delay Difference Equations

In this paper, via comparison with first order oscillatory difference equations and by a Riccati transformation technique, we will study the oscillatory behavior of third order nonlinear neutral difference equations . We establish some new sufficient conditions which insure that every solution of this equation either oscillates or converges to zero. Our results improve and extend some known results in the literature. Examples are given to illustrate the importance of the results.
A Case Study of a DRAM-NVM Hybrid Memory Allocator for Key-Value Stores

As non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies advance, commercial NVDIMM devices have been made readily available for various computing systems. To efficiently utilize the high-density and high-capacity of NVM, the latest Xeon CPUs support a special Memory Modethat turns the DRAM into a last-level (L4) cache and uses NVM as the user-addressable system memory. Unfortunately, Memory Mode often provides low performance, even slower than when only NVM is used without any DRAM cache. According to our analysis, this is due to the inefficient management of a DRAM cache by the integrated memory controller, which results in high miss rates. This paper proposes a new hybrid memory allocator, called TARMAC. By employing intelligent yet lightweight memory management policies at the memory allocator level, TARMAC manages two different types of memory devices more efficiently, achieving 37% higher cache hit rate, 67% higher throughput, and 40% shorter memory latency than the hardware-based Memory Mode, on average. TARMAC exposes memory interfaces compatible with traditional memory allocators, enabling existing software to use TARMAC without any manual modification.