Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entomofauna of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum l.) in Menoua division, Western Cameroon

Pepper production in Cameroon faces many constraints, including arthropods, which occupy one of the most important places. This study was conducted with the aim of gathering information on the entomofauna of peppers for better decision-making on control methods. To achieve this, an inventory of arthropods in 4 localities in the Menoua pepper production basins was carried out on the "Simbad, "Tibesti" and "Ylusse" varieties. Insects captured weekly using an entomological net and a mouth aspirator were identified in the Agricultural Zoology Laboratory at the University of Dschang. The results showed that insects associated to peppers varied in number and diversity from one locality to another. A total of 4003 Insecta and Arachnida were captured. The Insecta class has 9 orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera, Lepidoptera, Odonata, and Orthoptera) of 85 families. The Order of the Hemiptera is the most representative in terms of individuals (1627) and that of the Diptera the most representative in number of families (27). Pearson's X-squared test shows a significant dependence between different orders of arthropods and the 3 varieties of peppers. The "Simbad" variety proved to be the most sensitive with 48.31%. Although most of these insects are pepper pests, there have been some pollinators, predators and parasitoids. The data collected provide a preliminary basis for any biological or integrated pest management against Capsicum annuum pests in Menoua-Cameroon.
Awareness of Health Workers in Premature Units At Kirkuk City Hospitals Concerning Neonatal Jaundice

Objective: this study aimed to assess the awareness of the health workers in premature units regardingneonatal jaundice at Kirkuk city hospitals, as well as to find out the socio demographic characteristics of thestudy sampleMethodology: A descriptive study was carried out at premature units of Azadi Teaching Hospital, KirkukGeneral Hospital and Pediatric Hospital of Kirkuk city, for a period from the 1st February and up to the 15thof May, 2019 and to achieve the objectives of the study. A non-probability (purposive) sample of (62) healthworkers working at premature unit were recruited. Developed questionnaire was constructed for the purposeof the study which consisted of two parts: the demographic characteristics; awareness part (knowledge andpractices). The data were collected through the use of self- administered technique. They were analyzedthrough the application of descriptive statistical analysis (Frequency, Percentage % and mean score) dataanalysis.Results: The findings of the study indicated that (45.2%) of the staff were from pediatric hospital. (40.3%)were graduated from Nursing Institute, (43.5%) had experience from 1<5 years and (74.2%) had participatedin a training course mostly inside the country. The total grand mean score for the staff awareness (knowledgeand practices) were adequate (1.73). Conclusions and Recommendations: Assessment for the study sample awareness was adequate.Educational programs should be designed to increase the health workers awareness working at pediatricdepartments regarding management of neonatal jaundice especially those with less than 5 years’ experience.
Determination of reaction rate parameters for the acid copper chromate fixation reactions on oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) sapwood

ABSTRACT Acid copper chromate fixation reactions on oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) sapwood were characterized by at least two distinguished reaction periods which differ in their kinetic behavior, particularly reaction rate. In this research, chemical rate equation parameters were studied in detail as a function of chromium fixation time. Theoretically, the kinetic data were distinguished between the adsorption and reduction reactions and consequently, the rate parameters were determined for each stage distinctly. The obtained results showed that at the investigated thermal range (25–33°C), almost for every 3°C increase in temperature the reaction duration has decreased 20.4 min for the first reaction period and 78 min for the second reaction period. Besides that, in all sample replications, up to 58.3% of hydrogen ions function at the reduction reactions of the initial period, demonstrating that acidity (H+ ions) has a major effect on reaction rate constant. Accordingly, adsorption reactions of the hexavalent chromium at the starting point follow a pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction. Different to the adsorption reaction the CrVI reduction reaction is exothermic with a measured exothermal energy of 48.2 kJ/mol.
Four metal–organic frameworks based on a semirigid tripodal ligand and different secondary building units: structures and electrochemical performance

Four new metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), [Co3(TCPB)2(CH3OH)4]·4DMF (1), [Cd3(TCPB)2(H2O)4]·3DMF·19H2O (2), [Mn3(TCPB)2(H2O)2(DMF)2]·2DMF (3), and [Zn2(μ3-OH) (TCPB)(H2O)(DEF)]·3DEF (4) (H3TCPB = 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxyphenoxy)benzene), have been successfully synthesized and structurally characterized. Structural analyses show that complexes 1–3 present two-dimensional (3,6)-connected kgd net topology with the Schlafli symbol of (43)2(46·66·83) based on linear trinuclear M3(COO)6 (M = Co, Cd, and Mn) secondary building units (SBUs) and display distinct one-dimensional (1-D) channels. Complex 4 (Zn-TCPB) exhibits a rare three-dimensional twofold interpenetrated (3,6)-connected rutile topology with the Schlafli symbol of (42·610·83) (4·62)2 based on the tetranuclear Zn4(μ3-OH)2(COO)6 clusters, which shows three different types of 1-D opening channels. In addition, as an anode material, the complex 4 (Zn-TCPB) electrode exhibits an irreversible high capacity in the first discharge process and a reversible lithium storage capacity of up to about 455 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles. This might provide a new method for finding a promising candidate for the electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries.
Effects of nitrogen fertilization on growth and soil nitrogen depletion in cauliflower

To examine the possibilities of reducing fertilizer levels and losses of nitrogen, we studied the effects of amount and timing of nitrogen fertilization on growth parameters and on soil nitrogen depletion in cauliflower. A higher nitrogen supply, calculated as the sum of fertilizer nitrogen and mineral nitrogen at transplanting, resulted in a clear increase in nitrogen uptake by the crop and in a higher crop fresh weight. However, curd fresh or dry weight and looseness of the curd were not affected. Therefore we conclude that total nitrogen supply can be reduced to approximately 250 kg ha−1 without negative effects on yield. An increase in nitrogen supply of 100 kg ha−1 resulted in 17 kg ha−1 more residual soil nitrogen, 52 kg ha−1 more nitrogen in crop residues, 37 kg ha−1 more mineralizable N and 15 kg ha−1 more nitrogen in harvested curds. Changing the timing of nitrogen application, by reducing the application at planting and increasing the second application instead, resulted in a higher curd biomass.
Stability of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water on Storage and its Microbial Inactivation Effectiveness on the Aerobic Microflora Present on Intact Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Leaves

The stability of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water (SAEW) on storage was evaluated. SAEW samples of known initial Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP, mV), pH and available chlorine concentration (ACC, mg/L) were stored at 25°C in different containers and changes of ORP, pH and ACC were monitored daily for a period of 10 days. ORP, pH and ACC were respectively maintained at 900-1000mV, 5-6.5 and 10-30mg/L. SAEW was further evaluated for its microbial inactivation effectiveness on the aerobic microflora present on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) expressed as aerobic plate count (APC) and was compared to Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution. The decontamination was done by dipping spinach samples with or without a pre-washing step into treatment solution for 5min. SAEW (pH 5.5, 25mg/L ACC) achieved a significantly higher microbial reduction than NaOCl solution (pH 9.9, 103mg/L ACC). While pre-washing of spinach in running tap water for 5min increased the microbial reduction by SAEW from 1.3 logo colony forming units (CFU)/g to more than 2 log10 CFU/g at 5min contact time, increasing exposure time did not significantly affect its antimicrobial effectiveness on spinach aerobic microflora.
Study of Customer Loyalty in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Field of Trade in Bulgaria

Research background: In the context of globalization and the increasingly competitive environment, customer loyalty plays an important role in the long-term success of small and medium-sized enterprises. Research by various authors has shown that loyalty is an important customer-oriented marketing tool and is directly dependent on customer satisfaction. Customer loyalty is highly influenced by the quality of the products, the applied price strategy and the good communication between enterprises and customers. Loyalty is the main aim of strategic enterprises marketing planning and is the key to retaining customers. The adoption and application of the loyalty approach in enterprises activity is a prerequisite for increase the trend of customers towards more frequent products consumption and enlarge their desire for more purchases. In connection with solving the problem of customer loyalty, researchers focus on its influencing factors and highlight as most important the following: satisfaction, trust, commitment, customer value and service quality. Purpose of the article: This report clarifies the peculiarities of customer loyalty and based on an analysis of the factors influencing it brings out the main problems of small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of trade in Bulgaria. Methods: The sources that were used include a questionnaire survey of 64 enterprises. The analysis and evaluation are based on statistical methods. Findings & Value added: The findings include identification of problems, related to the customer loyalty in small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of trade in Bulgaria. The study can be used as a model for analysis of customer loyalty in the trade sector.
Recognition of Geranium cruentum sp. nov. (Geraniaceae) resolves a taxonomic conundrum in New Zealand cranesbills

ABSTRACT A new species, Geranium cruentum, is described from New Zealand. Geranium cruentum is distinguished from G. brevicaule by its dark green leaves, broadly elliptic to obovate primary lobes with a deep sinus between the lobes, fewer secondary lobes, conspicuous dark reddish purple-brown blotches, and prominent leaf hair bases. Geranium cruentum is known from a single ostensibly wild collection made in 1993 from the Von River valley, Southland, and despite repeated searches has not been re-collected from the wild. It may be extinct in the wild but is cultivated in several gardens. As it persists ex situ in cultivation its conservation status is assessed as Threatened, Nationally Critical, using the New Zealand Threat Classification System.
Quality indicators in nutrition therapy and clinical outcomes in a neonatal intensive care unit

ABSTRACT Objective To associate quality indicators in nutritional therapy and pre-determined clinical outcomes in a neonatal unit. Methods A total of 81 premature newborns were monitored regarding the time to initiate nutrition therapy, time to meet energy needs, energy and protein adequacy, cumulative energy deficit, adequacy of the nutritional formula and fasting periods; weight gain, the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis, mortality and length of stay in the intensive care unit. The data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences at 5% significance level. Results The time to start enteral nutrition and the calories infused/kg/day were predictors of length of hospital stay F(2.46)=6.148; p=0.004; R2=0.211; as well as the cumulative energy deficit+birth weight+infused calories/kg/day (F=3.52; p<0.001; R2=0.422); cumulative energy deficit+calories infused/kg/day+fasting time for Enteral Nutrition (F=15.041; p<0.001; R2=0.474) were predictors of weight gain. The time to start enteral nutrition, gestational age and birth weight were inversely associated with the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (β=-0.38; β=-0.198; β=-0.002). Early enteral nutrition predisposed to mortality (β=0.33). Gestational age, birth weight and calories infused/kg/day were inversely related to mortality (β=-0.442; β=-0.004; β=-0.08). Conclusions Considering the associations between indicators and outcomes, routine monitoring of the time to start enteral nutrition, energy adequacy, energy deficit and fasting time is recommended.
Application of Open-Hardware-Based Solutions for Rapid Transition From Stationary to the Remote Teaching Model During Pandemic

Contribution: While research indicates usefulness of remote laboratories in teaching of digital hardware systems, their main application is to complement stationary classes. This work presents a low-cost, scalable architecture that supports rapid transformation of teaching to a model based solely on remote access mechanisms. Background: Adaptation of online laboratory solutions from the literature to en-masse teaching of digital circuits is time-consuming and expensive. Solutions that permit cheap and rapid conversion of courses to remote environments seem to be of high value, especially when social distancing renders direct teaching impossible. Intended Outcomes: Demonstration of a flexible and cheap architecture that permits rapid transformation of digital circuits laboratories to the remote environment. Validation of system’s performance and usefulness on a large group of students. Application Design: Remote digital circuits laboratories from the literature are designed to complement stationary classes. For successful teaching during pandemic, a low-cost, flexible, and efficient solution to online laboratory based on commonly available technologies is required. Findings: The proposed remote laboratory architecture enables rapid conversion of on-site teaching to online model, while supporting in-situupgrades and functionality enhancements. The presented solution proved to be a convenient substitute for conventional laboratories during pandemic.
Exchange rates and stock markets in emerging economies: new evidence using the Quantile-on-Quantile approach

This study aims to reconsider the relationship between exchange rate and stock market returns for selected emerging countries. The quantile-on-quantile approach is employed to present an inclusive and detailed image of the association between the variables under investigation. This approach can reveal the heterogeneous and the varying relationship between the variables at different quantiles. The estimation outcome demonstrates that the examined countries' stock market performances are not affected by the exchange rate changes unless certain market conditions are established. The empirical results suggest that the exchange rate flexibility has a crucial role in determining the market returns depending on the bearish or bullish conditions. Considering the asymmetric nature of the relationship between the exchange rate and the stock market, presented results can aid governmental authorities and investors to design dynamic economic policies and investment strategies.
An approach for extraction, characterization and quantitation of microplastic in natural marine snow using Raman microscopy

Marine snow is a predominant form of sinking particulate carbon in the marine water column and represents a mechanism for transporting microplastics to the sea floor. We present a new dual density separation method employing sodium iodide extraction followed by methanol precipitation, specifically designed for microplastic isolation and identification in natural marine snow samples. A total of 59 microscopic particles from eight marine snow samples collected at Avery Point, CT were confirmed as plastics and/or substances containing typical plastic manufacturing additives. Extraction efficiency of this method was determined using polyethylene microspheres of varying sizes (63–75 μm, 212–250 μm and 500–600 μm) yielding 90%, 93% and 98% recoveries, respectively. Residual organic matter which can cause interference in downstream Raman spectroscopic analyses was eliminated by employing a 15% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) digestion step, which caused negligible chemical modifications to the polymer samples. Extensive precautions such as combusted glassware, a microfiltration air hood, and incorporation of process blank samples ensured that airborne microplastic contamination was avoided. A phase contrast microscope equipped with a Raman spectrophotometer system using a 785 nm laser excitation source efficiently identified anthropogenic polymer materials. Unexpectedly, plastic additives such as pigments complicated the identification of polymers but their spectra were successfully interpreted through spectral subtraction and comparison to a database and authentic standards. The protocol described can be applied to detect microplastic in marine snow samples and improve our understanding of the fate of microplastic in the ocean.
Nonthermal Plasma Destruction of Trifluoromethane Using a Dielectric- Packed Bed Reactor

Abstract Nonthermal plasma destruction of trifluoromethane (CHF3) was investigated in a dielectric-packed bed reactor. The experimental parameters were oxygen content, input power, initial CHF3 concentration, argon content, packing material and feed gas flow rate, all of which largely affected the CHF3 destruction efficiency. The increases in the input power, the initial CHF3 concentration and the argon content increased the destruction efficiency while those in the oxygen content above 0.5%(v/v) and in the feed gas flow rate decreased it. As a packing material, alumina beads showed higher CHF3 destruction efficiency than glass beads. The principle CHF3 destruction products were found to be COF- and CO2. Besides these compounds, nitrogen oxides such as NO2 and N2O were identified in the effluent. The main destruction pathways were elucidated with the identified byproducts. The experimental results showed that the dielectric-packed bed reactor was able to effectively destroy CHF3 , suggesting that the nonthermal plasma can be a useful tool for the CHF3 destruction.
Public values assessment as a practice: integration of evidence and research agenda

ABSTRACT Policymakers and public managers need to identify, reflect and decide on public values for given policy issues. This process is defined as public values assessment (PVA). We conduct a systematic literature review (n = 114 studies) on PVA, and employ a Strategy-as-Practice lens to analyse how the activity of PVA takes place in practice. Based on our integration of evidence, we propose a theoretical framework called PVA-as-Practice (PVAP). We conclude by recommending a configuration approach to future public values research to identify the most effective configurations of PVA activities, taking into account the policy issues faced by policymakers and public managers.
The Effect of Circadian Rhytm in Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE The circadian rhythm is the most important of the main rhythms that affect our daily lives and has a significant role in the efficiency of a lot of drugs used in anesthesia. The aim of this study is to prove whether circadian rythm has an effect on spinal anesthesia and, if any, its effect on postoperative analgesic request by retrospectively studying the patients operated under spinal anesthesia. METHODS We conducted the study on patients operated on inguinal hernia and anorectal surgery under spinal anesthesia in general surgery room. The patients were divided into two groups according to the time when they were taken into surgery: between 06.00-12.00 (Group 1) and 12.00- 18.00 (Group 2). Time to first analgesic request, time to start walking, time to first urination, intraoperative and postoperative side effects, intraoperative hemodynamic data, and patient satisfaction were detected and recorded. RESULTS The time to first analgesic request in Group 1 was longer than in Group 2, and this difference was statistically significant. The mean heart rate of the groups was found significantly lower in Group 2 than in Group 1 during measurements at the 25. and 30. minute when compared with their changes over time. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of side effects and the most common side effect was detected to be nausea - vomiting. CONCLUSIONS We found out that the time to first analgesic request after spinal anesthesia was significantly longer in Group 1 than in Group 2.
Mononuclear oxovanadium(Iv) complex containing VO(ONS) basic core: Synthesis, structure, thermal gravimetric analysis, and catalytic property

ABSTRACT Reaction of vanadyl(IV)-acetylacetonate with 3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde 4-methylthiosemicarbazone and 2,2′-bipyridyl in methanol affords a mononuclear oxovanadium(IV) complex containing VO(ONS) basic core. The complex has been characterized by various physicochemical techniques (UV–Vis, IR, and elemental analysis), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray crystal structure determination reveals that the complex crystallizes as triclinic space group P, with unit cell dimensions a = 10.073(2) Å, b = 11.272(3) Å, c = 11.338(3) Å, α = 87.291(2)°, β = 83.440(2)°, γ = 64.003(2)°, V = 1149.5(5) Å3, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0356, wR2 = 0.0867, S = 1.052. The V atom in the complex is octahedrally coordinated, with the tridentate ONS ligand occupying the meridional sites. The nitrogen donor of 2,2′-bipyridyl ligand, occupying an apical position has a trans-labilizing influence, resulting in elongation of the V=O terminal bond. Thermal gravimetric analysis was performed to understand the stability of the complex. The complex shows high catalytic property and selectivity in the epoxidation of cyclohexene with t-butylhydroperoxide as oxidant.
Copper Salts Doped Spiro‐OMeTAD for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

The development of effective and stable hole transporting materials (HTMs) is very important for achieving high‐performance planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, copper salts (cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN) or cuprous iodide (CuI)) doped 2,2,7,7‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) based on a solution processing as the HTM in PSCs is demonstrated. The incorporation of CuSCN (or CuI) realizes a p‐type doping with efficient charge transfer complex, which results in improved film conductivity and hole mobility in spiro‐OMeTAD:CuSCN (or CuI) composite films. As a result, the PCE is largely improved from 14.82% to 18.02% due to obvious enhancements in the cell parameters of short‐circuit current density and fill factor. Besides the HTM role, the composite film can suppress the film aggregation and crystallization of spiro‐OMeTAD films with reduced pinholes and voids, which slows down the perovskite decomposition by avoiding the moisture infiltration to some extent. The finding in this work provides a simple method to improve the efficiency and stability of planar perovskite solar cells.