Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of climate warming on maize production in Timor-Leste: interaction with nitrogen supply

Abstract. Climate change is predicted to decrease crop yields in semi-arid and subtropical regions of the world and this could negatively affect smallholder farmers in the developing world. Previous analysis has suggested that with low fertiliser input, yields of sorghum increased as temperatures increased. We used the wide range of tropical environments in the small mountainous island country of Timor-Leste to evaluate the impact of global warming on maize (Zea mays) yields with (i) no fertiliser input and (ii) increased nitrogen (N) supply. We calibrated the well-tested APSIM-Maize model for the cultivar of maize grown throughout Timor-Leste. We simulated maize yields at four locations with 8 years of reliable weather records, at present temperatures, +1.5°C and +3.0°C, with 0, 40 and 80 kg/ha of added N, with 1.2, 1.9 and 3.8% soil organic carbon (SOC), and with increased duration of the vegetative phase. With no added N, higher temperatures increased yields at the cooler, higher elevation sites and decreased yields at the warmest site near the coast. With fertiliser application, warming temperatures decreased yields or induced no change in simulated yield at all locations. Simulations with three levels of N supply for the four sites, which differed in temperature, showed a strong temperature × N supply interaction on yield. At maximum growing-season temperatures >31°C, yields decreased with increasing temperature at all levels of fertilisation. At maximum growing-season temperatures of 23−31°C, yields increased with increasing temperature with no added fertiliser, were unchanged with the application of 40 kg N/ha, and decreased with increasing temperatures with application of 80 kg/ha N. The changes in yield with temperature and N supply were associated with N uptake by the maize, which showed the same interaction with maximum temperature and N added. SOC acted as a source of N, so that changes in yield induced by temperature and N were similar whether the N was from an organic or an inorganic source. Increasing the duration of the vegetative phase resulted in lower or no change in yields at all sites. We conclude that global warming will increase the yield for low-input smallholder farmers growing maize at maximum growing-season temperatures <31°C, but that micro-dosing with N will increase yields at all locations with mean maximum temperatures of 20−35°C.
Greenland Halibut in the North Atlantic are genetically homogeneous: a response to Roy et al. (2014)

Roy et al. 2014 report panmixia in the Northwest Atlantic in Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), based on 12microsatellite markers. This is a valuable contribution to an understanding of stock structure questions in this benthic species. The authors emphasize the novelty of their result, in contrast with “most previous work in this species, including studiesperformedover similar spatial and temporal scales”, and includes in their list of suchpreviouswork our analysis of mtDNA variation in seven Northwest Atlantic and transatlantic samples (Vis et al. 1997). Roy et al. (2014) characterizeourdata as showing “. little evidence of lineage sorting throughout the species’ range. Notably, however, [they] point to a switch in the abundance rank of the twomost predominant haplotypes within the GSL [Gulf of St. Lawrence] relative to other regions and equate this as additional support for a separate GSL stock. ” [emphasis in bold added]. We did not. In our Discussion we stated, “Three major genotypes are present at approximately equal frequencies in all populations, except that the relative abundances of the two major genotypes are reversed in the [GSL] sample (the difference is not statistically significant). There is no indication that such genetic variation as exists is subdivided among geographic samples. Intermixing among Greenland halibut . appears to be sufficient to produce a single genetically homogeneous population in the North Atlantic. ” Where our UPGMA – neighbor-joining phenograms showGSL as the outlier, we explained, “The relative distinctness of the [GSL] sample reflects the reversal in relative frequency of the two most abundant genotypes. Otherwise, samples from opposite sides of the Atlantic are typically more similar than are geographically contiguous samples from the Northwest Atlantic. ” Roy et al.’s (2014) results are consistent with previous reports of panmixia in Greenland halibut, including ours, based on genetic analyses ofmtDNA (Vis et al. 1997). In our opinion, it would be incorrect to consider this a novel finding.
Viability of aquatic hyphomycete conidia in foam

The viability of aquatic hyphomycete conidia trapped in foam was estimated with tetrazolium bromide. In fresh foam, 76 – 91% of all conidia had at least one viable cell; in old foam, these values were 20 – 43%. The average number of viable cells per conidium was higher in fresh than in old foam. Laboratory-produced conidia of Heliscus lugdunensis and Articulo-spora tetracladia had much higher numbers of viable cells than field-collected conidia. Viability as defined in this study (at least one viable cell per conidium) proved to be an excellent predictor of ability to germinate. Conidia of four species (two Canadian and two Indian strains) did not survive for more than 24 d when exposed to −17 °C, or to freeze – thaw cycles. Persistence of conidia through unfavourable conditions therefore seems limited. Key words: aquatic hyphomycetes, conidia, viability, germination.
Comparison of Spawning Characteristics of Cod (Gadus morhua) Stocks in the North Atlantic

A fundamental problem in studying fish populations is to identify the processes which govern their dynamics and the appropriate scales (in time and space) at which to investigate these processes. One possible way to identify the processes is by describing the life history characteristics and comparing those characteristics for different areas in which the species occurs. Some preliminary results of a comparative study of cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus (L.)) life histories and population dynamics, undertaken by scientists within ICES, are presented to stimulate further development of the initiative. This paper concentrates principally on the timing and location of cod spawning, and briefly summarizes the information available for most of the geographic range of the species in the North Atlantic. It looks in greater detail at the area around the British Isles and at the Scotian Shelf, in order to investigate variability in timing of spawning on a smaller scale. Some conclusions are drawn about the processes and scales which may be appropriate for further investigation.
Some Biochemical, Cytogenetic and Reproductive Studies Associated with the Use of Hormones and Flushing with Lupine Grains in Sheep

2 Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of gonadotropin hormones and flushing with lupine grains on body weight, lambs birth weight, some serum biochemical parameters and cytogenetic analysis of forty adult, healthy Barki ewes of 3-5 years with 45-50 Kg. Ewes were divided into four groups (n = 10 each). The first was the control group, the second was treated with PMSG, the third was treated with PMSG and GnRH hormones and the fourth was supplemented with lupine grains. All groups were fed on ordinary diet allover the gestation period. Blood samples were collected monthly all over the experimental period. The results revealed significant increase in ewes' body weight and lambs' birth weight in the supplemented lupine group comparing to the other groups. In the first and fifth month of the experiment, values of total proteins, albumin and glucose, revealed significant decrease in the hormonal treated groups than in the other two groups. There were significant increases (p<0.05) in the measured levels of lipid profiles as well as hormonal levels of progesterone and cortisol in the all hormonal treated and flushed groups than the control group. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the chromosomal aberrations in the hormonal treated groups than that in the control and flushed groups. It was concluded that use of lupine grains can improve reproductive efficiency in ewes and decrease the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and improve the genetic material.
Nitrogen Mass Fraction and Stable Isotope Ratios for Fourteen Geological Reference Materials: Evaluating the Applicability of Elemental Analyser Versus Sealed Tube Combustion Methods

Thirteen commercially available silicate reference materials (RM) and one in‐house reference material, eleven of which have no previously published values, were analysed for nitrogen mass fraction and isotopic ratios with an Elemental Analyser (EA), and a Sealed Tube Combustion line, coupled to a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). These materials ranged from < 10 μg g−1 to 1% m/m nitrogen mass fractions and δ15N of −0.5 to +19.8‰. Existing nitrogen RM BHVO‐2, MS#5 and SGR‐1b were used to assess the accuracy of the data from the sealed tube combustion line, which was found to be in good agreement with existing published values. In contrast, the EA‐IRMS failed to fully liberate nitrogen from all silicate rocks and minerals (achieving a mean of 44 ± 10% nitrogen yield) resulting in kinetic fractionation of isotope values by −1.4‰ on average. Therefore, sealed tube combustion is better suited for analyses of silicate‐bound nitrogen. The EA worked reliably for organic samples, but care should be taken when using the EA for silicate nitrogen research. Moving forward, it is recommended that BHVO‐2, Biotite‐Fe, FK‐N and UB‐N be used as quality control materials as they appear to be most reproducible in terms of nitrogen mass fraction (relative error < 10%, 1s), and isotopic composition (< 0.6‰, 1s).
Seed germination and in vitro plant regeneration of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth

Parkia biglobosa is an important leguminous forest species which is being threatened of going into extinction in Senegal. To preserve this genetic resource of great economic value, studies on germination were carried out and in vitro conservation option through tissue culture technique was adopted. 100% of germination rate was recorded 2 days after 5 6 h of concentrated H2SO4 treatments and incubation in a growth chamber at 27±1°C. To improve and raise in vitro vegetative multiplication capacities, different concentrations of growth regulators were added alone or in combination in a MS basal medium. Multiplication rate of 3.08 and 3.29 were obtained, respectively, for apex and cotyledonary nodes in a MS medium supplemented with BAP 0.5 mg.L -1 + TIBA 0.1 mg.L -1 . For axillary explants, a rate of 3.58 was recorded for the hormonal combination which consisted of BAP 0.5 mg.L -1 + TIBA 0.5 mg.L -1 + AgNO3 0.5 mg.L -1 . 41.66% of apex and 58.33% of cotyledonary explants were rooted after 24 h of induction treatment with IBA 2.5mg.L -1 whereas 41.66% of axillary bud explants developed roots after 48 h of induction with NAA 1mg.L -1 . During acclimatization achievement, survival rates were respectively 80% for apex and cotyledonary explants and 86.66% for axillary explants.
Pelatihan Coaching Model Grow untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Anggota Organisasi

Organisasi kemahasiswaan terus berkembang menjadi wadah pengembangan diri bagi mahasiswa untuk menyalutkan minat, bakat, keilmuan serta arah profesinya kelak. Dalam berorganisasi, mahasiswa diharapkan memiliki kinerja tinggi agar program kerja yang dijalankan dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Namun realitanya, para anggota yang tergabung dalam Himpunan Mahasiswa Psikologi Universitas Mulawarman diketahui memiliki kinerja yang kurang baik karena banyak menemukan hambatan dan persoalan di organisasi. Dalam hal ini, peran pemimpin sangat dibutuhkan untuk dapat mengatasi dan mengelola anggota agar mampu memperbaiki kondisi tersebut. Di sisi lain, peran pemimpin untuk mengelola para anggota juga dipersepsikan masih kurang sehingga dibutuhkan pelatihan coaching sebagai salah satu metode intervensi pengembangan organisasi. Tujuan dari pelatihan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan para anggota HIMAPSI dalam melakukan coaching model GROW sehingga mampu meningkatkan kinerja para anggota HIMAPSI. Metode pelatihan yang digunakan meliputi uji pretest dan posttest evaluasi pembelajaran, pemaparan materi, diskusi disertai praktik/roleplay coaching model GROW, posttest evaluasi reaksi penyajian trainer dan evaluasi perilaku. Hasil pelatihan ada kenaikan pada tingkat pengetahuan dibuktikan dengan kenaikan skor nilai pre-post dari 60 menjadi 71,6 disertai uji test statistic wilcoxon, diperoleh keterangan bahwa nilai signifikansi (2-tailed) adalah sebesar 0,000 dimana nilai tersebut kurang dari 0.05 (P < 0,05). Maka dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak, yang artinya terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada pengetahuan peserta pelatihan mengenai Coaching Model GROW untuk meningkatkan kinerja.
Haematological Resoponses and Serum Biochemical Indices of Broilers Fed Differently Processed Sorrel Seed (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) Meal in Semi-Arid Region of Nigeria

3 Abstract: Seven weeks feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of differently processed sorrel seed (Hibiscus sabdariffa) meal on the haematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. Five experimental diets were formulated using differently processed sorrel seed meal. One hundred and sixty (160) 7 days old chicks (Anak 2000) were used. The birds were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with 40 birds per treatment and ten (10) birds per replicate. Results of serum biochemistry showed significant differences (P 0.05). However, significant difference (P<0.05) were observed for the haematological parameters though MCHC, MCH and MCV did not differ among treatments. The result showed that incorporation of differently processed sorrel seed meal has no negative effect on the blood biochemical indices and haematology.
Planting geometry of cotton under rain fed condition in the dry land areas of western Tigray

Abstract The yield f cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Tigray is very low because of the lack of improved agronomic practices. Cotton producing farmers (if in row) adopt 90 × 20 cm. However, it is too wide for rain-fed cotton, which means more empty space left in-between the rows, which affect the yield negatively. Objective of this study was to estimate the optimum inter-row and intra-row spacing of cotton under rain fed condition. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design having three replications. The different levels of inter- and intra-row spacing have affected the agronomic traits and the seed cotton yield significantly. The narrow inter row and closer intra row have a higher plant population. The 90 cm inter row have taller (~90 cm) plant than the 60 cm inter row. The wider intra row (25 cm) scored higher (11–13) opened bolls in all the inter rows. The wider plant geometry recorded a higher number of unopened bolls (6). Heavier bolls (11 g) were recorded on the narrow inter-row spacing under all levels of intra-row spacing. Lighter boll weight was in 90 cm row spacing irrespective of the intra rows. Normally, boll weight was reduced as the inter-row spacing increased. Maximum seed cotton yield was recorded on 60 × 10 cm. Lower seed cotton yield was found on 90 × 25 cm. Generally, seed cotton yield was reduced as inter- and intra-row spacing increased. Therefore, the 60 × 10 cm inter and intra row should be recommended for maximum seed cotton yield under rain fed condition.
MICHIGAN PLECOPTERA (STONEFLIES): DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND AN UPDATED SPECIES LIST

The stonefly fauna of Michigan is updated, increasing the number of species verified from the state to 68. Twelve species are reported for the first time while two species of Isogenoides and Taeniopteryx maura (Pictet) are removed. Eight of the nine Nearctic families are represented. Peltoperlidae is the sole family not present in Michigan. Perlodidae (18 species) and Perlidae (17 species) were the most speciose families in the state, and Isoperla (Perlodidae) was easily the most species-rich genus (11). Within the Michigan portion of the four Great Lakes bordering the state, eight species have been obtained from Lake Superior compared to none from Lake Erie and two species total collected from Lake Huron and Lake Michigan. Half (34 species) of the state fauna appears to be distributed only in the northern Lower Peninsula and Upper Peninsula, while 27 species are broadly distributed throughout the state. We discuss, in detail, 25 species that appear to be rare or uncommon and sparsely-distributed. This group includes four species known only from historical records (prior to 1950) and two that are presumably extirpated from the state (Helopicus nalatus (Frison) and Attaneuria ruralis (Hagen)).
WRF‐based dynamical downscaling of ERA5 reanalysis data for High Mountain Asia: Towards a new version of the High Asia Refined analysis

The High Asia Refined analysis (HAR) is a regional atmospheric data set generated by dynamical downscaling of the Final operational global analysis (FNL) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. It has been successfully and widely utilized. A new version (HAR v2) with longer temporal coverage and extended domains is currently under development. ERA5 reanalysis data is used as forcing data. This study aims to find the optimal set‐up for the production of the HAR v2 to provide similar or even better accuracy as the HAR. First, we conducted a sensitivity study, in which different cumulus, microphysics, planetary boundary layer, and land surface model schemes were compared and validated against in situ observations. The technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was applied to identify the best schemes. Snow depth in ERA5 is overestimated in High Mountain Asia (HMA) and causes a cold bias in the WRF output. Therefore, we used Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis (JRA‐55) to correct snow depth initialized from ERA5 based on the linear scaling approach. After applying the best schemes identified by the TOPSIS method and correcting the initial snow depth, the model performance improves. Finally, we applied the improved set‐up for the HAR v2 and computed a one‐year run for 2011. Compared to the HAR, the HAR v2 has a better representation of air temperature at 2 m. It produces slightly higher precipitation amounts, but the spatial distribution of seasonal mean precipitation is closer to observations.
DEMO Fusion Power Plant: Preliminary Sizing Analysis of Power System

EU-DEMO is a European project for the design and construction of the first nuclear reactor able to produce electrical energy thanks to thermonuclear fusion reactions. The electrical power system of this facility is particular demanding for several reasons. First, the electrical power required to operate DEMO is expected to be huge, especially in comparison to a conventional nuclear plant. Moreover, the operations are intrinsically intermittent, thus introducing specific problems in terms of energy balance and grid stability. This paper deals with a first preliminary study about the sizing and the design of the DEMO internal electrical power system, with a specific focus on the steady-state loads necessary to operate the plant. The design results are obtained and verified through a model for power flow analysis, implemented in DIgSILENT PowerFactory.
School-based YPAR: negotiating productive tensions of participation and possibility

ABSTRACT YPAR seeks to position youth as experts on their worlds, investigating issues that affect their lives and then taking action to create solutions. As such, one of the key epistemological principles underpinning YPAR is the robust participation of youth throughout the knowledge creation process. A growing body of literature examines what youth participation looks like in the context of YPAR that is enacted in school settings. Building on this recent work, this paper drills down on the concept of participation as the authors examine the tensions around adult and youth participation that we faced as we engaged with youth and teachers in different participatory studies in urban Ireland, urban USA, and suburban USA. We conclude that, while those who engage in YPAR should seek collective action throughout the process, more often than not YPAR is a dance of intra-action, always shifting and flowing to respond to and take up the evolving and entangled needs, knowledges, and understandings of those involved.
A veszélyeztetett vadon élő fajok szállításának vámhatósági ellenőrzése

Several thousand species have become endangered for the last few decades owing to legal andillegal trading; nonetheless the authorities and the public opinion do not pay proper attention tothis issue. In this paper the authors examined the specifics of legal and illegal trading, the legalbackground and the theoretical background of customs control and the practical experiences.They give an overview of the international and national laws, the international literature and theinternational trends. They analysed in their research the seizure dates of the Hungarian NationalTax and Customs Administration, and interviewed two customs officers in order to know specificsof the illegal trading. According to their research, our country does not play a central role in illegaltrading, nevertheless the value of the illegal market reaches several million Forints.
Classification of final-instar larvae of the Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Characteristics of cephalic structures, spiracles, and skins of final-instar larvae of 42 species of 24 genera of the subfamily Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) are described and illustrated and keys are given for the separation of tribes, genera, and species. An additional two species that were previously described and illustrated are included in the keys for a total of 44.Larval characteristics support most of the tribal, generic, and specific entities defined on the basis of adult characteristics. They place species of the tribe Phaeogenini as the most primitive and suggest a close relationship between them and species of the tribe Gyrodontini. There is no obvious close relationship between larvae of the tribe Platylabini and other tribes of the subfamily. The tribe Ichneumonini appears to be a relatively distinct group, although the inclusion of the genus Syspasis is questioned. The two subtribes, Trogusina and Callajoppina, of the tribe Trogusini are quite distinct from each other and from other groups of the Ichneumoninae; they appear to possibly have different origins, and perhaps each deserves tribal rank. There is a high degree of taxonomic congruence between the adult and larval classifications.