Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caffeine Compromises Proliferation of Human Hippocampal Progenitor Cells

The age-associated reduction in the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) has been associated with cognitive decline. Numerous factors have been shown to modulate this process, including dietary components. Frequent consumption of caffeine has been correlated with an increased risk of cognitive decline, but further evidence of a negative effect on hippocampal progenitor proliferation is limited to animal models. Here, we used a human hippocampal progenitor cell line to investigate the effects of caffeine on hippocampal progenitor integrity and proliferation specifically. The effects of five caffeine concentrations (0 mM = control, 0.1 mM ∼ 150 mg, 0.25 mM ∼ 400 mg, 0.5 mM ∼ 750 mg, and 1.0 mM ∼ 1500 mg) were measured following acute (1 day) and repeated (3 days) exposure. Immunocytochemistry was used to quantify hippocampal progenitor integrity (i.e., SOX2- and Nestin-positive cells), proliferation (i.e., Ki67-positive cells), cell count (i.e., DAPI-positive cells), and apoptosis (i.e., CC3-positive cells). We found that progenitor integrity was significantly reduced in supraphysiological caffeine conditions (i.e., 1.0 mM ∼ 1500 mg), but relative to the lowest caffeine condition (i.e., 0.1 mM ∼ 150 mg) only. Moreover, repeated exposure to supraphysiological caffeine concentrations (i.e., 1.0 mM ∼ 1500 mg) was found to affect proliferation, significantly reducing % Ki67-positive cells relative to control and lower caffeine dose conditions (i.e., 0.1 mM ∼ 150 mg and 0.25 mM ∼ 400 mg). Caffeine treatment did not influence apoptosis and there were no significant differences in any measure between lower doses of caffeine (i.e., 0.1 mM, 0.25 mM, 0.5 mM) – representative of daily human caffeine intake – and control conditions. Our study demonstrates that dietary components such as caffeine can influence NSC integrity and proliferation and may be indicative of a mechanism by which diet affects cognitive outcomes.
Damage to Orbitofrontal Areas 12 and 13, but Not Area 14, Results in Blunted Attention and Arousal to Socioemotional Stimuli in Rhesus Macaques

An earlier study in monkeys indicated that lesions to the mid-portion of the ventral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), including Walker’s areas 11 and 13 (OFC11/13), altered the spontaneous scanning of still pictures of primate faces (neutral and emotional) and the modulation of arousal. Yet, these conclusions were limited by several shortcomings, including the lesion approach, use of static rather than dynamic stimuli, and manual data analyses. To confirm and extend these earlier findings, we compared attention and arousal to social and nonsocial scenes in three groups of rhesus macaques with restricted lesions to one of three OFC areas (OFC12, OFC13, or OFC14) and a sham-operated control group using eye-tracking to capture scanning patterns, focal attention and pupil size. Animals with damage to the lateral OFC areas (OFC12 and OFC13) showed decreased attention specifically to the eyes of negative (threatening) social stimuli and increased arousal (increased pupil diameter) to positive social scenes. In contrast, animals with damage to the ventromedial OFC area (OFC14) displayed no differences in attention or arousal in the presence of social stimuli compared to controls. These findings support the notion that areas of the lateral OFC are critical for directing attention and modulating arousal to emotional social cues. Together with the existence of face-selective neurons in these lateral OFC areas, the data suggest that the lateral OFC may set the stage for multidimensional information processing related to faces and emotion and may be involved in social judgments.
The Relationship Between Chest Imaging Findings and the Viral Load of COVID-19

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical characteristics, radiographic features, and the viral load of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods and Materials: We retrospectively collected 56 COVID-19 cases from two institutions in Hunan province, China. The basal clinical characteristics, detail imaging features and follow-up CT changes were evaluated and the relationship with the viral load was analyzed. Results: GGO (48, 85.7%) and vascular enlargement (44, 78.6%) were the most frequent signs in COVID-19 patients. Of the lesions, 64.3% of the margins were uneasily differentiated. However, no significant correlations were found in terms of leucocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, and C-reactive protein (all P > 0.05). In contrast, the uneasily differentiated margin was negatively correlated with the Ct value (r = −0.283, P = 0.042), that is, an uneasily differentiated margin indicated a lower Ct value (P = 0.043). Patients with a lower Ct value were likely to present a progress follow-up change (P = 0.022). The Ct value at baseline could predict a progress follow-up change with an AUC of 0.685 (Cut-off value = 29.48). All four patients with normal CT findings presented new lesion(s) on follow-up CT scans. Conclusion: The viral load of COVID-19 is negatively correlated with an uneasily differentiated lesion margin on initial CT scan images and the Ct value should noted when making a diagnosis. In addition, following-up CT scans are necessary for patients who presented a normal CT at the initial diagnosis, especially for those with a low Ct value.
Influence of 37 Years of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on Composition of Rhizosphere Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Communities in Black Soil of Northeast China

Increased inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions expected in the future will endanger the biodiversity and stability of agricultural ecosystems. In this context, a long-term fertilizer experiment (37 years) was set up in the black soil of northeast China. We examined interaction impacts of elevated fertilizer and host selection processes on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in wheat rhizosphere soil using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The soil samples were subjected to five fertilization regimes: no fertilizer (CK) and low N (N1), low N plus low P (N1P1), high N (N2), and high N plus high P (N2P2) fertilizer. Long-term fertilization resulted in a significant shift in rhizosphere soil nutrient concentrations. The N fertilization (N1 and N2) did not significantly change rhizosphere AMF species diversity, but N plus P fertilization (N1P1 and N2P2) decreased it compared with CK. Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed that the rhizosphere AMF communities in CK, N1, N2, N1P1 and N2P2 treatments were distinct from each other. The AMF communities were predominantly composed of Glomeraceae, accounting for 30.0–39.1% of the sequences, and the relative abundance of family Glomeraceae was more abundance in fertilized soils, while family Paraglomeraceae were increased in N1 and N2 compared with CK. Analysis shown that AMF diversity was directly affected by soil C:P ratio but indirectly affected by plant under long-term fertilization. Overall, the results indicated that long-term N and P fertilization regimes changed rhizosphere AMF diversity and community composition, and rhizosphere AMF diversity was both affected by soil C:P ratio and plant.
Characterization of the Myxosporean Parasite Isolated from Emaciated Olive Flounders Paralichthys olivaceus on Jeju Island

To investigate the causes of emaciation in cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in Korea. We performed histological examinations and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a new primer set. In most cases, the most severe emaciation was observed in the abdominal area Using PCR on extracted livers, kidneys, spleens, gills, brains, and intestines, we found that areas around the kidneys and intestines were as almost always positive. In significantly emaciated fish, PCR was positive in all internal organs except the gills. In addition, the homology of 812-bp nucleotide sequences of the 28S rRNA gene was more than 99% in emaciated fish. Partial homology with Myxobolus spp. and Cystodiscus axonis, whose data were obtained from GenBank was 86% and 88%, respectively. Histological examinations detected spores in kidneys and intestines but not in other organs. We also performed cohabitation experiments to determine whether infections could be exchanged among species or only within species. Uninfected olive flounder and red sea bream, Pagrus major, cohabitating with emaciated olive flounder showed 100% and 0% cumulative mortality, respectively. Thus the cause of emaciation in cultured olive flounder of Korea is likely due to a new parasite.
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in the United States: Demographic and Socioeconomic Disparities

Background: Obesity's risk increases for low-income, female, young, and Black patients. By extrapolation, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)—a disease associated with body mass index—would potentially display socioeconomic and demographic disparities. Methods: IIH incidence (per 100,000) was investigated with respect to sex, age, income, residence, and race/ethnicity, by querying the largest United States (US) healthcare administrative dataset (1997–2016), the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample. Results: Annual national incidence (with 25th and 75th quartiles) for IIH was 1.15 (0.91, 1.44). Females had an incidence of 1.97 (1.48, 2.48), larger (p = 0.0000038) than males at 0.36 (0.26, 0.38). Regarding age, largest incidence was among those 18–44 years old at 2.47 (1.84, 2.73). Low-income patients had an incidence of 1.56 (1.47, 1.82), larger (p = 0.00024) than the 1.21 (1.01, 1.36) of the middle/high. No differences (χ2 = 4.67, p = 0.097) were appreciated between urban (1.44; 1.40, 1.61), suburban (1.30; 1.09, 1.40), or rural (1.46; 1.40, 1.48) communities. For race/ethnicity (χ2 = 57, p = 2.57 × 10−12), incidence was largest for Blacks (2.05; 1.76, 2.74), followed by Whites (1.04; 0.79, 1.41), Hispanics (0.67; 0.57, 0.94), and Asian/Pacific Islanders (0.16; 0.11, 0.19). Year-to-year, incidence rose for all strata subsets except Asian/Pacific Islanders (τ = −0.84, p = 0.00000068). Conclusion: IIH demonstrates several sociodemographic disparities. Specifically, incidences are larger for those low-income, Black, 18–44 years old, or female, while annually increasing for all subsets, except Asian/Pacific Islanders. Hence, IIH differentially afflicts the US population, yielding in healthcare inequalities.
Exploring Basotho teenage fathers’ experiences of early fatherhood at South African rural high schools

This study explored the early fatherhood experiences of school-going teenage fathers. Informants were four South African Sesotho speaking teenage fathers, aged 17 to 20 years. They responded to semi-structured interviews on their experiences during schooling. Following thematic analysis, results revealed that Basotho teenage fathers are initially fearful of being early fathers and they initially react with denial of parenthood. The early fathers reported experiencing humiliation by schoolteachers and peer rejection, which also harmed their academic performance. Subsequently, the early fathers underwent a transition becoming resilient, choosing to involve themselves in their children’s upbringing and growth, and building positive relationships with their partners.
Exploring the Effects of Different Online Syllabus Formats on Student Engagement and Course-Taking Intentions

Abstract This study explores how different online syllabus formats affect students’ engagement and their course-taking intentions. Using a 2 (format: online learning management system vs. instructor’s website) X 2 (information amount: more vs. less) between-subjects design, an experimental study was conducted with undergraduate students at a large university in the United States Midwest to examine the effects of online syllabus format. This study found that students who read the instructor’s website syllabus were more likely to engage with and take the course than students who received the syllabus through an online learning management system. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Examining how parent and teacher enthusiasm influences motivation and achievement in STEM

Abstract Parents and teachers play an important role in stimulating student motivation. The aim of this study was to examine if both parent and teacher enthusiasm could predict intrinsic motivation toward STEM activities, and if motivation would be associated with improved STEM achievement over one year in a one-year prospective examination of 288 Swedish students in their final year of a Science High School program (143 females and 145 males). Surveys of parent and teacher enthusiasm were collected at baseline, and student intrinsic motivation and GPA in STEM were assessed at baseline and at the end of the year. Baseline GPA and intrinsic motivation as well as follow-up intrinsic motivation were significantly associated with later GPA. Finally, intrinsic motivation mediated the relation between teacher and parent enthusiasm and change in GPA. Findings show the importance of parent and teacher enthusiasm for adolescent’s intrinsic motivation and achievement in STEM.
Effects of interactive metronome on the changes in arm angle and motor timing in the upper extremity during a golf putt

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to examine if motor timing training alters the variability of the upper extremity movement during the golf putt. To improve motor timing, we utilised Interactive Metronome (IM), a software program that is designed to improve the rhythm and timing of intrinsic movements. Twenty participants who were registered in the Korea Ladies Professional Golf Association were randomly assigned to either an IM or control group. The IM group completed 12 motor timing sessions and the control group practised the golf putt swing alone over 12 sessions. Outcome measures, which were measured pre- and post-test, included: 1) arm angle during three parts of the swing section: Arm angle during the setup, impact and finish of the swing and motor timing was measured before and after the intervention. 2) motor timing measures of the right, left and both arms together. Variability of the arm angle was reduced during the putt (F (1,18) = 5.956, p = 0.025) setup. Motor timing of the right (F (1,18) = 4.922, p =. 040) and left (F (1,18) = 4.904, p =. 040) arms improved. This study shows that IM training can improve motor timing in the upper extremity and reduce variability in the arm motion during the golf putt.
Industrialization Without Innovation

The introduction of labor-saving technologies in agriculture can release workers who find occupation in the manufacturing sector. The traditional view is that this structural transformation process leads to economic growth. However, if workers leaving agriculture are unskilled, the labor reallocation process reinforces comparative advantage in the least skill-intensive manufacturing industries. We embed this mechanism in a multi-sector endogenous growth model where only skill-intensive manufacturing industries innovate and generate knowledge spillovers. In this setup, the increase in the relative size of the unskilled-labor intensive industries reduces the incentives to innovate and slows down growth. We test the predictions of the model in the context of a large and exogenous increase in agricultural productivity in Brazil. We use social security data to develop a new measure of the labor input in innovation which is representative at any level of spatial aggregation. We find that regions adopting the new agricultural technology experienced a reallocation of unskilled workers away from agriculture into the least R&D-intensive manufacturing industries. The expansion of low-R&D industries attracted workers away from innovative occupations in high-R&D industries, slowing down local aggregate manufacturing productivity growth.
DRAMD: Detect Advanced DRAM-based Stealthy Communication Channels with Neural Networks

Shared resources facilitate stealthy communication channels, including side channels and covert channels, which greatly endanger the information security, even in cloud environments. As a commonly shared resource, DRAM memory also serves as a source of stealthy channels. Existing solutions rely on two common features of DRAM-based channels, i.e., high cache miss and high bank locality, to detect the existence of such channels. However, such solutions could be defeated.In this paper, we point out the weakness of existing detection solutions by demonstrating a new advanced DRAM-based channel, which utilizes the hardware Intel SGX to conceal cache miss and bank locality. Further, we propose a novel neural network based solution DRAMD to detect such advanced stealthy channels. DRAMD uses hardware performance counters to track not only cache miss events that are used by existing solutions, but also counts of branches and instructions executed, as well as branch misses. Then DRAMD utilizes neural networks to model the access patterns of different applications and therefore detects potential stealthy communication channels. Our evaluation shows that DRAMD achieves up to 99% precision with 100% recall. Furthermore, DRAMD introduces less than 5% performance overheads and negligible impacts on legacy applications.
CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE GUARIBAS BIOLOGICAL RESERVE, PARAÍBA, BRAZIL

The Guaribas Biological Reserve, comprising 4029 ha, is the only Brazilian federal reserve of 4029 ha in the state of Paraiba. It is located about 52 km north of Joao Pessoa and comprises three distinct areas of Atlantic forest and savanna. Botanical study started in 1990 and has revealed a diverse flora of 629 species of vascular plants, broken down as follows: 26 ferns and fern allies in 13 families, 164 Monocotyledons in 19 families, and 439 Dicotyledons in 90 families. The most diverse plant families are the following: Leguminosae (in the broad sense) 78 species; Poaceae 56; Cyperaceae 44; Rubiaceae 31; Asteraceae 21; Malvaceae 20; Melastomataceae 18; and Myrtaceae 15. Keywords: Checklist, Vascular Plants, Guaribas Biological Reserve, Atlantic coastal forest.
Three new species of mites in the genus Olopachys (Acari: Pachylaelapidae) from Trabzon and Artvin Provinces, Turkey

Abstract Three new species of Olopachys are described from Trabzon and Artvin Provinces, Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Two of the species O. digitus sp. nov. and O. semicirculus sp.nov. are described based on the females and males. Males of both species have a characteristic spermatodactyl with a distinct modified process at the base. A new species O. crescentus sp. nov. is described based on the females only. Females of O. crescentus have uniquely modified tubes of the sperm access system which differ from all its congeners.
Effect of aloe powder and extract on production performance and immune function of broiler chickens

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Aloe vera L.on production performance and immune function in broilers.360 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into six groups,each group included six replicates(10 broilers per replicate). The control group(groupⅠ) was fed with basal diet.Treatment groups(group Ⅱ-Ⅵ) were fed with the basal diet supplemented with 600 mg·kg-1 of aloe powder,600 mg·kg-1 of aloe water extract,600 mg·kg-1 of aloe ethanol extract,mixture of aloe water extract(600 mg·kg-1) and ethanol extract(600 mg·kg-1),and 150 mg·kg-1 of chlortetracycline,respectively.The whole of feeding experiment period was 6 weeks.Body weight,feed conversion ratio,the index of immune organs and natural killer cell activity were determined.The results showed that,the body weight of aloe water extract group in 3 and 6 week was significantly higher than control group(P0.05). During the entire period,the feed conversion ratios of aloe water extract group,aloe ethanol extract group were significantly higher than control group(P0.01). Compared to chlortetracycline group,the feed conversion ratio of aloe water extract group was significantly increased(P0.05). Indexes of spleen of aloe powder group,aloe water extract group,aloe ethanol extract group and mixture group were significantly higher than control group in 3 weeks(P0.05). The natural killer cell activities of all the treatment groups in 3 and 6 weeks were significantly higher than control group(P0.01). The natural killer cell activities of the treatments of aloe power,aloe water extract,aloe ethanol extract,mixture of aloe water extract and ethanol extract were significantly higher than the chlortetracycline group(P0.01) in 6 weeks.The conclusion of this study showed that aloe powder,aloe water extract,aloe ethanol extract and mixture of aloe extract could improve production performance and immune function of male broilers,and the effect of aloe water extract was better than others.
Headless compression screw fixation of Jones fractures: a clinical and radiographic comparison study

Background: Promising results have been reported with indication-specific partially threaded screws and variable-pitched headless compression screws. Our objective was to compare clinical and radiographic results of Jones fractures treated with these two screw types. We also evaluated the association of patient and fracture characteristics with surgical failure. Methods: Retrospective review identified all Jones fractures treated with primary intramedullary screw fixation from 1995 through 2015. Chart review yielded patient and fracture characteristics, implants, postoperative course, and serial radiographs for fracture classification (Torg and anatomic zone) and radiographic union. The primary endpoint was surgical failure (delayed union, nonunion, or refracture). Secondary endpoints included time to radiographic union, weight bearing, and pain resolution. Results: Fifty-nine consecutive patients (47 with partially threaded screws and 12 with headless compression screws) with a mean age of 30 yr and follow-up of 9.6 mo were included. The group with partially threaded screws showed more failures (10/47, 21.3% vs. 1/12, 8.3%; P=0.31) and longer time to full weight bearing (4.2 vs. 3.3 wk, P=0.06), without differences in time to radiographic union or pain resolution. Pooled union rate was 96.6%. Conclusions: Factors significantly correlated with failure were age, diabetes, and body mass index, without significant correlation with tobacco or gender. No differences were found between zone II and III fractures. The two groups had similar clinical and radiographic results, both with high union rates. The 21% failure rate with partially threaded screws is concerning and may warrant further investigation. This supports the headless compression screw as a viable Jones fracture treatment. Level of Clinical Evidence: Level III.