Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial Clustering Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of the Fourth Wave in Vietnam

An outbreak of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in China caused by the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARSCoV2) spreads rapidly across the world and has negatively affected almost all countries including such the developing country as Vietnam. This study aimed to analyze the spatial clustering of the COVID-19 pandemic using spatial auto-correlation analysis. The spatial clustering including spatial clusters (high-high and low-low), spatial outliers (low-high and high-low), and hotspots of the COVID-19 pandemic were explored using the local Moran’s I and Getis-Ord’s G* i statistics. The local Moran’s I and Moran scatterplot were first employed to identify spatial clusters and spatial outliers of COVID-19. The Getis-Ord’s G* i statistic was then used to detect hotspots of COVID-19. The method has been illustrated using a dataset of 86,277 locally transmitted cases confirmed in two phases of the fourth COVID-19 wave in Vietnam. It was shown that significant low-high spatial outliers and hotspots of COVID-19 were first detected in the NorthEastern region in the first phase, whereas, high-high clusters and low-high outliers and hotspots were then detected in the Southern region of Vietnam. The present findings confirm the effectiveness of spatial auto-correlation in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the study of spatial clustering of COVID-19. The insights gained from this study may be of assistance to mitigate the health, economic, environmental, and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
WNT 5 A-mediated β-catenin-independent signalling is a novel regulator of cancer cell metabolism

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com WNT5A-mediated β-catenin-independent signalling is a novel regulator of cancer cell metabolism
Measurement of seismometer orientation using the tangential P-wave receiver function based on harmonic decomposition

Accurate determination of the seismometer orientation is a prerequisite for seismic studies including, but not limited to seismic anisotropy. While borehole seismometers on land produce seismic waveform data somewhat free of human-induced noise, they might have a drawback of an uncertain orientation. This study calculates a harmonic decomposition of teleseismic receiver functions from the P and PP phases and determines the orientation of a seismometer by minimizing a constant term in a harmonic expansion of tangential receiver functions in backazimuth near and at 0 s. This method normalizes the effect of seismic sources and determines the orientation of a seismometer without having to assume for an isotropic medium. Compared to the method of minimizing the amplitudes of a mean of the tangential receiver functions near and at 0 s, the method yields more accurate orientations in cases where the backazimuthal coverage of earthquake sources (even in the case of ocean bottom seismometers) is uneven and incomplete. We apply this method to data from the Korean seismic network (52 broad-band velocity seismometers, 30 of which are borehole sensors) to estimate the sensor orientation in the period of 2005−2016. We also track temporal changes in the sensor orientation through the change in the polarity and the amplitude of the tangential receiver function. Six borehole stations are confirmed to experience a significant orientation change (10°−180°) over the period of 10 yr. We demonstrate the usefulness of our method by estimating the orientation of ocean bottom sensors, which are known to have high noise level during the relatively short deployment period.
Listening Ears or Reading Eyes: A Meta-Analysis of Reading and Listening Comprehension Comparisons

In this study, a meta-analysis of reading and listening comprehension comparisons across age groups was conducted. Based on robust variance estimation (46 studies; N = 4,687), the overall difference between reading and listening comprehension was not reliably different (g = 0.07, p = .23). Reading was beneficial over listening when the reading condition was self-paced (g = 0.13, p = .049) rather than experimenter-paced (g = −0.32, p = .16). Reading also had a benefit when inferential and general comprehension rather than literal comprehension was assessed (g = 0.36, p = .02; g = .15, p = .05; g = −0.01, p = .93, respectively). There was some indication that reading and listening were more similar in languages with transparent orthographies than opaque orthographies (g = 0.001, p = .99; g = 0.10, p = .19, respectively). The findings may be used to inform theories of comprehension about modality influences in that both lower-level skill and affordances vary comparisons of reading and listening comprehension. Moreover, the findings may guide choices of modality; however, both audio and written options are needed for accessible instruction.
Resource use efficiency of milk production across different herd sizes of buffaloes and crossbred cows in Middle Gujarat

: The most important objective of any production unit is to co-ordinate and utilize the various resources of production in such a manner that they yield the highest net returns. As farmers are shifting from low input-low output to high input-high output and traditional and subsistence to commercial dairy farming, this study assesses the impact of resources being used optimally through herd size categories by the dairy farmers for buffaloes and crossbred cows in the Middle Gujarat region. The resource use efficiency analysis helps the dairy farmers in taking appropriate decisions regarding resource allocation without using additional resources for enhancing their income. The findings show that on an average, the costs of human labour, green fodder and concentrates had significant influence on milk yield for buffalo milk production while costs of human labour, green fodder, concentrates and veterinary and medical charges had significant influence on milk yield for crossbred cow milk production implying that one per cent increase in the use of these inputs can led to increase in the gross returns from milk. Milk production for buffaloes was in decreasing returns to scale while on an overall basis, milk production for crossbred cows was increasing returns to scale. Further, the difference between MVP and its acquisition unit price for human labour in small category, green fodder in overall category and dry fodder in marginal category in buffalo milk production and price for human labour in medium and overall category and green fodder in large category in crossbred cow milk production were found positive and significant indicating that the dairy farmers have an opportunity to increase their profit by using more of these inputs on their farms. Thus, the study concluded that only in crossbred cows, milk production was size neutral.
The degree of heterogeneity of news consumption in Germany - Descriptive statistics and relations with individual differences in personality, ideological attitudes, and voting intentions

This study aimed to examine the degree of homogeneity versus heterogeneity of individuals’ political information environments across offline and online media types and relations with sociodemographic variables, personality, and political attitudes. In two online surveys, German participants (sample 1: N = 686; sample 2: N = 702) provided information on sociodemographic variables, consumption of political news, and voting intentions, and completed the Big Five Inventory and Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) scales. Results revealed that absolutely homogeneous political news consumption was evident for a small proportion of individuals (2.04% and 0.43%). Openness (positively) and Agreeableness (negatively) exhibited significant associations with the degree of heterogeneity of political information environments across samples. No consistent patterns of relations with either the ideological attitudes of RWA and SDO or voting intentions were observed. The findings shed light on the existence of absolutely homogeneous political information environments and “who” might be prone to a more homogeneous versus more heterogeneous information environment.
1 Thermodynamics and Thermoelectricity

Thermoelectric effects result from the interference of electrical current and heat flow in various materials. This interaction, characterized by a coupling parameter called thermopower, allows the direct conversion of heat to electricity [1–4]; conversely, cooling may be achieved by the application of a voltage across a thermoelectric material. Almost 200 years after the first discoveries in thermoelectrics by Seebeck in 1823 [5–7], it is now again a very active period of observing thermoelectric (TE) phenomena, materials, and their application in devices.The search for green technologies, for example, converting waste heat generated by industrial facilities and car engines into usable power, pushes scientists to pick up “old” effects with new classes of materials with higher TE efficiency to develop practical applications using the advantages of TE power generation. For an overview of a variety of applications, see, for example, the following books and review articles [8–33]. A similar situation was encountered in the late 1950s when the usage of semiconductors as TE materials was the origin for a revival of thermoelectrics [34]. This is directly connected with the investigations by Goldsmid and Douglas [35] and the Ioffe group [36], who considered both thermodynamics and solidstate approaches. They extended the previous developments to the microscopic area, opening the door for material engineering and practical applications [1, 2, 37–55]. A recommendable overview on the early years of TE research had been given by Finn [52, 56, 57]. Historical facts can be found in several textbooks on thermoelectricity, see, for example, [8, 13, 15, 36, 42, 58]. Clearly, thermoelectricity is influencing and has influenced two branches of physics decisively, see Figure 1.1. On the one hand, it all began with investigations of electromagnetism, but the interest started in thermodynamics as well. Here, we would like to give a retrospective view on some of the milestones in the development of thermoelectricity.
Methodology Matters: Comparing Approaches for Defining Persistent Symptoms after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Some people experience persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). A meaningful clinical classification and scientific progress are hampered by a lack of consensus regarding the phenomenology, assessment, and operationalization of PPCS. Here we demonstrate and evaluate how the methodology used to assess and define persistent symptoms after mTBI influences PPCS as a binary outcome. We present empirical data from 15 classification methods reflecting procedures found in the literature and clinical practice. In total, 221 patients with mTBI, 73 patients with orthopedic injuries, and 77 community controls were included in the study. The prevalence rate of PPCS in the mTBI group varied between 10% and 47%, depending on the method used to assess and define unfavorable outcome. There was generally low positive agreement between the different methods; even the two methods yielding the most similar prevalence rates (89.2% overall proportion agreement) agreed on less than half (45.5% positive agreement) of the PPCS cases. Using a liberal but not uncommon threshold for symptom severity, there was a considerable misclassification rate of PPCS in both comparison groups. Our results highlight the importance for researchers to be aware of the limitations of using binary approaches for classification of PPCS. The poor agreement between methods should be considered when (1) interpreting the heterogeneity in the existing PPCS literature and (2) developing new improved methods. An empirically informed consensus regarding classification of PPCS should be a priority for the research community.
Utilitarianism without Utility: A Missed Opportunity in Alfred Marshall's Theory of Market Choice

This article argues that Marshall's theory of market choice was originally elaborated within the classic framework of the use value/exchangeable value dichotomy, with reference to a version of utilitarianism that did not assume measurable utility. The key concepts were those of marginal transaction and consumer surplus or rent, both of which were expressed exclusively in terms of money transfers. Later on, Marshall moved toward an explicitly utilitarian framework by emphasizing the marginal utility of money, possibly because he had stumbled on the problem of the determinateness of marginal demand prices. The article shows that, by moving in this direction, Marshall committed himself to a standpoint that undermined the generality of his approach to consumer behavior and obscured his promising ideas concerning interpersonal comparisons of welfare. It is also argued that this move was actually unnecessary, as the early framework could have enabled Marshall to deal with the problem of determinateness in less restrictive terms.
STRUCTURAL AND PASSIVATING PROPERTIES OF SiNx : H DEPOSITED USING DIFFERENT PRECURSOR GASES

Structural properties of SiNx:H layers deposited with N2+SiH4 or NH3+SiH4 using a MicroWave PECVD system are examined in detail and related to passivating properties. It is shown that the Si-N bond density is an important parameter for both surface and bulk passivation. The lower the Si-N bond density the better the surface passivation. This corresponds to higher Si-H bond densities and a higher refractive index. For maximum bulk passivation there seems to be an optimal Si-N bond density around 1.1×10 cm. The Si-N bond density is related to the relative change in H content during anneal.
Reinterpretation of Malvinoconularia cahuanotensis (Braniša and Vanek) from the Devonian Altiplano and Western Andean Cordillera, Bolivia, South America

Abstract. The holotype of Malvinoconulariacahuanotensis (Branisa and Vanek) (Devonian, Bolivia), the type species of the monospecific genus Malvinoconularia Babcock etal. , is redescribed and refigured. M.cahuanotensis exhibits several gross morphological features that together are uniquely shared with Reticulaconulariabaini (Babcock and Feldmann). In both taxa, the transverse ribs are nodose, the interspaces bear longitudinal ridges (bars or crests) that are collinear (line up) across the transverse ribs, and the longitudinal centerline (midline) of the faces is marked by a subdued ridge. Additionally, the two species may also be similar in the anatomy and external ornament of the corner sulcus. The slightly undulose geometry of the transverse ribs of M. cahuanotensis also is exhibited by certain specimens of Reticulaconularia; however, whether this feature is primary or taphonomic in origin is unclear at present. Together, these similarities suggest that the genus Malvinoconularia probably is a junior synonym of the genus Reticulaconularia. Resumen. REINTERPRETACIONDE MALVINOCONULARIA CAHUANOTENSIS (BRANISAY VANEK) DEL DEVONICODE BOLIVIA, AMERICA DEL SUR. El holotipo de Malvinoconulariacahuanotensis (Branisa y Vanek) (Devonico, Bolivia), la especie tipo del genero Malvinoconularia Babcock etal. , es reinterpretado y refigurado. M. cahuanotensis exhibe varios rasgos morfologicos que en conjunto son compartidos unicamente con Reticulaconulariabaini (Babcock y Feldmann). En ambos taxones las costillas transversas son nodosas, los interespacios poseen aristas longitudinales (barras o crestas) que son colineares a las costillas transversas, y las caras presentan una pequena elevacion externa sobre su linea media. Ademas, estas especies parecen ser similares en la anatomia y ornamentacion externa del surco marginal. La geometria suavemente ondulada de las costillas de M. cahuanotensis es tambien exhibida por ciertos especimenes de Reticulaconularia, aunque aun no es claro si esta caracteristica es primaria o tafonomica en su origen. En conjunto, estas similitudes sugieren que Malvinoconularia es un sinonimo junior de Reticulaconularia.
FACTORS AFFECTING SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF CONSTITUENCY DEVELOPMENT FUNDED PROJECTS IN KENYA: A CASE OF NYANDARUA COUNTY

All over the world governments set aside kitties from which they fund essential public projects. In Kenya Constituency Development Fund was launched in year 2003 with the object of enhancing development at the grassroots. However, it has been established that the funds from the CDF kitty do not ensure completion of developmental projects. Many projects derail in completion while others are abandoned altogether. The study sought to assess the factors affecting the successful completion of the CDF funded projects in Kenya. The study was carried out in Nyandarua County, Kenya. Descriptive research design was adopted. The target population constituted 60 members of CDF Committees. A census survey was employed. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The SPSS software was employed to analyze the collected data. Data was analyzed in form of both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicated that there exists a very strong and positive relationship between funds allocation and successful completion of CDF projects and that there exists a weak and negative relationship between political interest and successful completion of CDF projects. It is recommended that transparency and accountability mechanisms should be put in place and implemented in respect of CDF-funded projects.
A disc corona–jet model for the radio/X-ray correlation in black hole X-ray binaries

The observed tight radio/X-ray correlation in the low spectral state of some black hole X-ray binaries implies the strong coupling of the accretion and jet. The correlation of $L_{\rm R} \propto L_{\rm X}^{\sim 0.5-0.7}$ was well explained by the coupling of a radiatively inefficient accretion flow and a jet. Recently, however, a growing number of sources show more complicated radio/X-ray correlations, e.g., $L_{\rm R} \propto L_{\rm X}^{\sim 1.4}$ for $L_{\rm X}/L_{\rm Edd} \gtrsim 10^{-3}$, which is suggested to be explained by the coupling of a radiatively efficient accretion flow and a jet. In this work, we interpret the deviation from the initial radio/X-ray correlation for $L_{\rm X}/L_{\rm Edd} \gtrsim 10^{-3}$ with a detailed disc corona-jet model. In this model, the disc and corona are radiatively and dynamically coupled. Assuming a fraction of the matter in the accretion flow, $\eta\equiv \dot M_{\rm jet}/\dot M$, is ejected to form the jet, we can calculate the emergent spectrum of the disc corona-jet system. We calculate $L_{\rm R}$ and $L_{\rm X}$ at different $\dot M$, adjusting $\eta$ to fit the observed radio/X-ray correlation of the black hole X-ray transient H1743-322 for $L_{\rm X}/L_{\rm Edd}> 10^{-3}$. It is found that always the X-ray emission is dominated by the disc corona and the radio emission is dominated by the jet. We noted that the value of $\eta$ for the deviated radio/X-ray correlation for $L_{\rm X}/L_{\rm Edd} > 10^{-3}$, is systematically less than that of the case for $L_{\rm X}/L_{\rm Edd} < 10^{-3}$, which is consistent with the general idea that the jet is often relatively suppressed at the high luminosity phase in black hole X-ray binaries.
Task Engagement as Personalization Feedback for Socially-Assistive Robots and Cognitive Training

Socially-Assistive Robotics (SAR) has been extensively used for a variety of applications, including educational assistants, exercise coaches and training task instructors. The main goal of such systems is to provide a personalized and tailored session that matches user abilities and needs. While objective measures (e.g., task performance) can be used to adjust task parameters (e.g., task difficulty), towards personalization, it is essential that such systems also monitor task engagement to personalize their training strategies and maximize the effects of the training session. We propose an Interactive Reinforcement Learning (IRL) framework that combines explicit feedback (task performance) with implicit human-generated feedback (task engagement) to achieve efficient personalization. We illustrate the framework with a cognitive training task, describing our data-driven methodology (data collection and analysis, user simulation) towards designing our proposed real-time system. Our data analysis and the reinforcement learning experiments on real user data indicate that the integration of task engagement as human-generated feedback in the RL mechanism can facilitate robot personalization, towards a real-time personalized robot-assisted training system.
Experiential approaches to sustainability education: towards learning landscapes

Purpose This paper aims to critically reflect the current specialist discourse on experiential approaches to higher education for sustainable development (HESD). Limitations to the current discourse are identified, and as a result, an alternative approach to the study of experiential education (EE) within HESD is suggested. Design/methodology/approach Three research questions are addressed by analysing the literature on EE and experiential learning (EL) within HESD in specialist academic journals. Findings There is a consensus among authors regarding the appropriateness of experiential approaches to HESD. However, limitations to the current discourse suggest the need for an alternative approach to studying EE within HESD. Therefore, this paper proposes the application of the learning landscape metaphor to take a more student-centred and holistic perspective. Originality/value The learning landscape metaphor has previously not been applied to EE within HESD. This alternative conceptualisation foregrounds student perspectives to experiential initiatives within HESD. The holistic approach aims to understand the myriad influences on students learning, while allowing examination of how experiential approaches relate to other educational approaches within HESD.
Determination of gravity anomalies in Java, Indonesia, from airborne gravity survey

The Geospatial Information Agency of Indonesia (BIG) recently carried out an airborne gravity survey mission to support a reliable Indonesian geoid model. The gravity observations covered all the main islands of Indonesia. This paper presents a state-of-the-art for gravity anomalies derivation using airborne gravity mission in Java, Indonesia. The common gravity corrections for deriving the scalar free-air gravity anomalies along the flight trajectory had been estimated using GNSS-derived positions. The corrected data were then filtered using the FIR method in which the cut-off frequency had been predetermined by considering aircraft altitude, geological setting, and instrument’s accuracy. To assess the airborne gravity results, we compared them with the upward continued terrestrial gravity measurements. In addition, we performed crossover analysis and adjusted the estimated biases to the airborne gravity measurements. The accuracy of adjusted airborne gravity anomaly was estimated to 3.37 mGal. In conclusion, the airborne gravity mission provided valuable data needed for further geodesy and geophysics applications