Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Influence of Internal and External Factors on the Entrepreneurial Behavior of UMKM in Northern Kalimantan Province

Increasing entrepreneurial behavior to improve the national economy is of great importance. Approximately 99.9% of the national economy is contributed by the UMKM sector, which also creates job opportunities. Moreover, UMKM contributes 60.34% to the GDP, and there is a potential for further growth as long as the number of entrepreneurs increases. However, the internal aspects of entrepreneurship still lack competence, particularly in entrepreneurial competence and social competence. Entrepreneurial competence encompasses various components rooted in an entrepreneurial background, such as traits, characters, attitudes, social roles, and self-image. External factors, such as training, education, and work experience, also contribute to the development of entrepreneurial skills. Entrepreneurial behavior is the core of entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial value is a prerequisite factor that shapes such behavior. The research method used in this study was qualitative with an associative approach. The study was conducted through a survey, and data analysis employed a descriptive approach. Quantitative analysis included multiple linear regression analysis and an individual parameter significance test (t-test). The study involved 67 young UMKM entrepreneurs in North Kalimantan Province. The results of this study indicate that entrepreneurial values significantly influence entrepreneurial behavior. Furthermore, entrepreneurial behavior has an impact on the continuity of UMKM businesses in North Kalimantan province. Keywords: UMKM, influence, entrepreneurial values, entrepreneurial behavior
A geometrical study of the Arnaboll and Heilam thrust sheets, NW of Ben Arnaboll, Sutherland

Synopsis The geometries of thrusts in the Arnaboll and Heilam sheets, part of the Moine thust zone of NW Scotland, are described using branch line maps, which are the projections on to a map of the lines where thrusts join, and also cut-off maps, which are the projections of where thrusts cut through the strata. The thrusts are shown to have developed in a WNW propagating piggy-back sequence; structures developed on the lower thrusts cut or fold earlier higher level thrusts. Nowhere do thrusts cut down stratigraphy in the transport direction, and a previous claim that the Arnaboll thrust was out of sequence was based on a mis-correlation of thrusts.
Quantitative analysis of scale sensitivity in geographic cellular automata

Geographical Cellular Automata (GCA) approach is based on complexity theory and is widely used in geospatial modeling. A reason for the increasing attention given to GCA models is that they can easily be integrated with rasterbased GIS environment. However, the behavior of the GCA models is affected by uncertainties arising from the interaction between model elements, structures, and the quality of data sources used as model input. The objective of this study is to examine the impacts of model elements on the generated outputs of a GIS-based GCA land-use growth model using sensitivity analysis (SA) approach. The proposed SA method consists of KAPPA index with different spatial metrics. A stochastic GCA model was built to model land use change in the changsha region (Hunan,China). The transition rules were empirically derived from four Landsat-TM (30m resolution) images taken in 1996,1999, 2002 and 2005 that have been resampled to four resolutions (30, 60, 90, 120m). Five different neighbourhood configurations were considered (Moore, Von Neumann, and circular approximations of 2, 3 and 4 cell radii). Simulations were performed for each of the twenty spatial scale scenarios. Results show that spatial scale has a considerable impact on simulation dynamics in terms of both land use area and spatial structure. The spatial scale domains present in the results reveal the nonlinear relationships that link the spatial scale components to the simulation results.
The dynamic relationship between government debt, fiscal consolidation, and economic growth in South Africa: A threshold analysis

Abstract This paper investigates the threshold impact of government debt on economic growth in the presence of fiscal consolidation in South Africa from 1979 to 2022. The autoregressive threshold regime (TAR) model and two-stage least squares (2SLS) are used. The contribution of the paper is on the estimation of the threshold of government debt using the first difference, dummy variables, and the TAR in the presence of fiscal consolidation in South Africa. The TAR provides evidence with the consideration of fiscal consolidation, there is evidence of the U-shape impact of domestic government debt on gross domestic product per person. At a high threshold, there is evidence of an S-shape impact on gross domestic product per person when there is a range threshold. Overall high domestic government debt harms gross product per person and results in fiscal consolidation not being able to stimulate gross domestic product per person. It is recommended for fiscal authorities to not use fiscal consolidation when the domestic government debt is above 60% in South Africa.
Resistance to whitefly mediated by the Mi gene, acylsugars, and zingiberene in tomato

This study aimed to quantify and compare the effects of Mi gene, high leaf levels of acylsugars (AA), and zingiberene (ZGB) individually and in combination, regarding resistance of tomato lines to Bemisia argentifolii. The experiment included 21 genotypes selected simultaneously for high AA and ZGB content, cloned through rooting of axillary shoots with homogeneous sizes, and seven control lines produced from seeds, including 2 genotypes rich in AA (TOM-687 and TOM-688), two genotypes rich in ZGB (TOM-703 and TOM-704), and three lines with low levels of allelochemicals (cv. Santa Clara, TOM-584, and TOM-684), where the TOM-684 line carried the Mi gene. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized complete block design, comprising 28 treatments with 4 replications and 1 plant per plot. The AA and ZGB-rich lines showed higher resistance compared to the other control lines with low levels of allelochemicals, but the TOM-684 control line carrying the Mi gene was more resistant than the non-carriers ('Santa Clara' and TOM-584). The level of resistance conferred by ZGB was similar to that presented by AA. Both ZGB and AA provided higher levels of resistance compared to the Mi gene. The clones selected for both ZGB and AA simultaneously exhibited lower numbers of eggs and nymphs compared to the susceptible controls and were more resistant than the TOM-684 treatment. Overall, the clones even outperformed the lines rich in only one of the allelochemicals, demonstrating a synergistic effect between AA and ZGB for resistance when combined in the same tomato line.
A dislocation model for the earthquake cycle at convergent plate boundaries

SUMMARY A kinematic model for the earthquake cycle at convergent plate boundaries has been constructed on the basis of dislocation theory. We model the lithosphere-asthenosphere system by a stratified semi-infinite medium under gravity, consisting of an elastic surface layer, an intervening layer with Maxwell viscoelasticity, and an elastic substratum. The steady motion of plate convergence is naturally represented by uniform slip at a constant rate on the upper boundary of the descending oceanic plate. The occurrence of interplate earthquakes is regarded as a perturbation of the steady state plate motion, and represented by a periodic sequence of step slips on a finite seismic zone of the plate interface. Based on dislocation theory we can show that the steady slip on the interface deeper than the lithosphereasthenosphere boundary does not contribute to surface deformation in the steady state. Accordingly the surface deformation associated with the earthquake cycle is given by the superposition of viscoelastic responses to the steady slip on the interface shallower than the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, the steady backslip on the seismic zone, and the periodic sequence of seismic slips. We have computed cyclic patterns of vertical displacements at the free surface for two representative cases, taking account of gravity effects. The patterns of vertical displacements differ notably in the latter stage of the cycle depending on whether or not the seismic zone extends through the entire thickness of the lithosphere. After the completion of one earthquake cycle, our model yields a certain amount of permanent deformation resulting from the steady plate convergence. The pattern of the permanent deformation, that is characterized by steep uplift on the continental side, sharp subsidence at the plate boundary, and gentle uplift on the oceanic side, is irrespective of the cyclic process of stress accumulation and release repeated on the seismic zone. The earthquake cycle model developed here provides a possible explanation for the formation of earthquake-origin marine terraces.
Landscape Determinants of Exchangeable Calcium and Magnesium in Ozark Highland Forest Soils

Exchangeable base cations, particularly Ca and Mg, largely govern soil acidity and, consequently, plant species composition in temperate forests. Although studies have identified soil and terrain characteristics affecting exchangeable Ca and Mg, few studies have identified the relative importance of factors affecting Ca and Mg distribution across landscapes. Objectives of this study were to: (i) identify the relative importance of geomorphic and soil properties for exchangeable Ca and Mg concentrations and quantities, and (ii) examine relationships between these properties and tree species abundance. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was applied to 74 pedons sampled across a 3800-ha forested research area in the Ozark Highlands in southeastern Missouri.
Dendrogeochemical distinction between geogenic and anthropogenic emissions of metals and gases near a copper smelter

For countries where metal resources represent an important economic sector, one of the main challenges of environmental research is to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic accumulations of potentially toxic metals in mining districts. The present work aims to evaluate a new environmental monitoring tool combining dendrochronology with natural (Ca, Ca/Mn, δ13C) and anthropogenic (Cd, Pb, 206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/206Pb) geochemical tracers in tree rings in such a region. We compare spruce trees sampled at a control site near Hudson Bay, with those sampled near the Horne smelter active since 1928 in Rouyn-Noranda. The first effect of smelter emissions is detected by the tree-ring carbon isotope records. The δ13C values obtained on trees near the smelter show major changes immediately after 1928. This is due to the presence of atmospheric SO2 which generates a rapid response of the foliar system. The Ca/Mn ratios in tree-ring pairs of 1936–1937 and younger suggest a SO2-related soil acidification. The concentrations in Cd and Pb show a major increase starting in 1944 which coincides with a decrease of the 206Pb/207Pb ratios. The smelter activities likely generated this increase and the apparent delay of 14 years may have been generated mainly by the residence time of metals in airborne particulates, the buffering effect of the soils and, to a lesser extent, perhaps by mobility of heavy metals in tree stems. The 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/206Pb ratios indicate that the growth rings contain at least three types of Pb: natural, derived from the mineral soil horizons; industrial, from coal burning urban pollution; and mining, typical of the volcanogenic massive sulphides treated at the Horne smelter. This new combination of natural and anthropogenic tracers allows recognition of the succession of atmospheric and pedogeochemical changes related to industrial activities in the Rouyn-Noranda mining area.
The Impact of Work-Life Balance on Employee Performance: Examining the
Mediating-Moderating Role of Job Satisfaction and Affective Commitment

The main purpose of this study is to test (1) the influence of work-life balance (WLB) on employee performance (EP), (2) the potential mediating effect of job satisfaction (JS), and (3) the moderating effect of affective commitment (AC) in these relationships. The collected data from 146 employees of a plywood manufacturing company in Indonesia via a self- administered questionnaire survey are subjected to analysis employing the smartPLS-SEM technique. Also, the mediated- moderated procedure recommended by Hayes (2013) is applied to examine the relationships among investigated variables. The results showed that WLB has a significant effect on both EP and JS. Also, AC positively affects EP. Furthermore, the mediational analysis indicated that JS mediates the link between WLB and EP. Moreover, the moderation analysis revealed that AC fails to moderate the effects of WLB and JS on EP.
Strategies for detection of distorted road signs in background noise

Design of an on-board processor that enables recognition of a given road sign affected by different distortions is presented. The road sign recognition system is based on a nonlinear processor. Analysis of different filtering methods allows us to select the best techniques to overcome a variety of distortions. The proposed recognition system has been tested in real still images as well as in video sequences. Scenes were captured in real environments, with cluttered backgrounds and contain many distortions simultaneously. Recognition results for various images show that the processor is able to properly detect a given road sign even if it is varying in scale, slightly tilted or viewed under different angles. Recognition is also achieved when dealing with partially occluded road signs. In addition, the system is robust to illumination fluctuations.
Simulation of groundwater flow in a crystalline rock aquifer system in Southern Ghana – An evaluation of the effects of increased groundwater abstraction on the aquifers using a transient groundwater flow model

Monitored groundwater level data, well logs, and aquifer data as well as the relevant surface hydrological data were used to conceptualise the hydrogeological system of the Densu Basin in Southern Ghana. The objective was to numerically derive the hydraulic conductivity field for better characterization of the aquifer system and for simulating the effects of increasing groundwater abstraction on the aquifer system in the basin. The hydraulic conductivity field has been generated in this study through model calibration. This study finds that hydraulic conductivity ranges between a low of 2 m/d in the middle sections of the basin and about 40 m/d in the south. Clear differences in the underlying geology have been indicated in the distribution of aquifer hydraulic conductivities. This is in consonance with the general assertion that the hydrogeological properties of the aquifers in the crystalline basement terrains are controlled by the degree of fracturing and/or weathering of the country rock. The transient model suggest aquifer specific storage values to range between 6.0 × 10−5 m−1 and 2.1 × 10−4 m−1 which are within acceptable range of values normally quoted for similar lithologies in the literature. There is an apparent subtle decrease in groundwater recharge from about 13% of the annual precipitation in 2005 to about 10.3% of the precipitation in 2008. The transient model was used to simulate responses of the system to annual increment of groundwater abstraction by 20% at the 2008 recharge rates for the period 2009 – 2024. The results suggest that the system will not be able to sustain this level of abstraction as it would lead to a basin wide drawdown in the hydraulic head by 4 m by the end of the prediction period. It further suggests a safe annual increment in groundwater abstraction by 5% under business as usual recharge conditions. Identification and protection of groundwater recharge areas in the basin are recommended in order to safeguard the integrity of the resource under the scenario of increased abstraction for commercial activities in the basin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Method of Collecting and Analyzing Lineaments for Regional‐Scale Fractured‐Bedrock Aquifer Studies

A new method is proposed for collecting and reducing large collections of lineament data. The method consists of three steps: (1) collection of lineament data using multiple observers, multiple observation trials, and several types of imagery; (2) reproducibility tests; and (3) domain overlap analysis. Collection of lineament data and reproducibility tests are performed by overlaying lineament maps drawn by several observers or by superimposing multiple maps prepared by a single observer and identifying lineaments which are coincident (coincident lineaments = lineaments that have azimuths within 5 ± and separation distances are within 1–2 mm at the scale of drawing). Domain overlap analysis is accomplished by measuring the trends of near-vertical fractures at outcrops distributed over the study region and comparing the spatial distribution of these trends with similar-trending coincident lineaments. Lineaments that are not reproducible and are not geographically correlative with fractures are considered unimportant and removed from the data base. The method was applied to a 44 km2 study area in Maine and resulted in a reduction in the lineament data base from 6500 to 217. Transmissivities determined for bedrock wells located within 30 meters of lineaments that are both reproducible and geographically correlative with outcrop-scale fractures are generally higher than the transmissivities of wells located near lineaments that are not separated on the basis of these criteria. Application of the method serves as an important filter by providing a more manageable lineament data base from which to begin detailed field checking and/or geophysical surveys directed toward specific lineaments.
Morphodynamics: Rivers beyond steady state

The morphology of an alluvial river channel affects the movement of water and sediment along it, but in the longer run is shaped by those processes. This interplay has mostly been investigated empirically within the paradigm of Newtonian mechanics. In rivers, this has created an emphasis on equilibrium configurations with simple morphology and uniform steady flow. But transient adjustment, whether between equilibrium states or indefinitely, is to be expected in a world in which hydrology, sediment supply, and base level are not fixed. More fundamentally, water flows and all the phenomena that accompany them are inherently unsteady, and flows in natural channels are characteristically nonuniform. The morphodynamics of alluvial river channels is the striking consequence. In this paper, we develop the essential connection between the episodic nature of bed material transport and the production of river morphology, emphasizing the fundamental problems of sediment transport, the role of bar evolution in determining channel form, the role of riparian vegetation, and the wide range of time scales for change. As the key integrative exercise, we emphasize the importance of physics‐based modeling of morphodynamics. We note consequences that can be of benefit to society if properly understood. These include the possibility to better be able to model how varying flows drive morphodynamic change, to understand the influence of the sediments themselves on morphodynamics, and to recognize the inherent necessity for rivers that transport bed material to deform laterally. We acknowledge pioneering contributions in WRR and elsewhere that have introduced some of these themes.
Tools for Developing Short-Term Study Abroad Classes for Geography Studies

Abstract Short-term international field study is an attractive alternative for many students to traditional, longer-term study abroad programs. We present a discussion of critical planning, administrative, and curricular elements related to the development and implementation of such courses. In doing so, we share a number of checklists and planning tools that other instructors may find helpful in the context of developing their own international field studies courses. In addition, we provide representative examples and experiences from two short-term international courses taught by the authors in the Geography Department at Shippensburg University.
Rayleigh and Love wave anisotropy in Southern California using seismic noise

We study surface wave anisotropy using three‐component frequency‐wave number analysis of 1 year (2012) of ambient seismic noise measured by the Southern California Seismic Network. Significant 2θ and 4θ Rayleigh wave anisotropy is observed over most of the frequency range 15 to 100 mHz (Millihertz). The wide Rayleigh wave illumination and large data volume allow for relatively high precision and sensitivity: the estimation variability above 35 mHz as well as the magnitude of the weakest significant detections is about 0.1%. The estimates are consistent with previous anisotropy studies of the region. We also show preliminary results for Love waves, but ambient Love wave illumination in Southern California may not be sufficient for the approach.
The Impact of Training Courses Implemented By International Organizations and Their Impact on The Performance of Agricultural Staff In Anbar

Training has become a clear feature of developing the performance of institutions, and keeping pace with the rapid developments in all fields. The study aimed to determine the effect of training courses, which were implemented by international organizations, operating in province of Anbar, on the performance of agricultural employees. The study included workers in the agricultural departments in Anbar Governorate, numbering (136 employees). The questionnaire was designed to match the benefits of training and employee performance, and the Spss statistical program was used, with the use of Model: Patrick Kirk for the American expert. The results showed that the best resource for employees was through training courses, with an average score of 2.54, and in the field of orientation for training, use your training results when you return to our departments came first with an average of 2.71, and in terms of performance, decision making with averaged 3.93. The study indicated the positive relationship of performance with the educational level, the number of training courses, and the attitude towards training at a significant level of 0.01. The training depends on determining the training needs of the employee. in addition to the needs of the institution and the department in which he works, the need for the training to be in a timely manner, before the planting season and for the place to be suitable for the trainees, with the selection of the competent trainer with modern and developed information.