Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Portuguese nursing students about blood donation Conhecimento de estudantes portugueses de enfermagem sobre doação de sangue Conocimientos de estudiantes portugueses de Enfermería sobre donación de sangre

Results: The level of knowledge can be classifi ed as very low (interval between donations, waiting time after getting a tattoo or piercing, waiting time after taking iron supplements), low (amount of blood, eating before donation), medium (age and minimum weight, universal donor) and high (cases in which the blood was analyzed). The reasons for not donating blood that gained considerable and great importance were: “Because I have a physical or medical condition that makes me ineligible to donate” and “Because I had a risky sexual behavior”.
The 1600 Huaynaputina Eruption as Possible Trigger for Persistent Cooling in the North Atlantic Region

Abstract. Paleoclimate reconstructions identify a period of exceptional summer and winter cooling in the North Atlantic region following the eruption of the tropical volcano Huaynaputina (Peru) in 1600 CE. Numerical climate simulations indicate a possible eruption-induced mechanism for the persistent cooling in a slowdown of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG) and consequent ocean-atmosphere feedbacks. To examine the possibility of such an eruption-induced cooling mechanism, this study compares simulations with and without volcanic forcing and an SPG shift to reconstructions from annual proxies in natural archives and historical written records as well as contemporary historical observations of relevant climate and environmental conditions. These reconstructions and observations demonstrate patterns of cooling and sea ice expansion consistent with, but not necessarily indicative of, an eruption trigger for the proposed SPG slowdown mechanism. The results point to possible improvements in future model-data comparison studies utilizing historical written records. Moreover, we consider historical societal impacts and adaptations associated with the reconstructed climatic and environmental anomalies.
Zika Virus Non-Structural Protein 1 Antigen-Capture Immunoassay

Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV), a member of the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, typically results in mild self-limited illness, but severe neurological disease occurs in a limited subset of patients. In contrast, serious outcomes commonly occur in pregnancy that affect the developing fetus, including microcephaly and other major birth defects. The genetic similarity of ZIKV to other widespread flaviviruses, such as dengue virus (DENV), presents a challenge to the development of specific ZIKV diagnostic assays. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is established for use in immunodiagnostic assays for flaviviruses. To address the cross-reactivity of ZIKV NS1 with proteins from other flaviviruses we used site-directed mutagenesis to modify putative epitopes. Goat polyclonal antibodies to variant ZIKV NS1 were affinity-purified to remove antibodies binding to the closely related NS1 protein of DENV. An antigen-capture ELISA configured with the affinity-purified polyclonal antibody showed a linear dynamic range between approximately 500 and 30 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of between 1.95 and 7.8 ng/mL. NS1 proteins from DENV, yellow fever virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus showed significantly reduced reactivity in the ZIKV antigen-capture ELISA. Refinement of approaches similar to those employed here could lead to development of ZIKV-specific immunoassays suitable for use in areas where infections with related flaviviruses are common.
Fungal Biovalorization of a Brewing Industry Byproduct, Brewer’s Spent Grain: A Review

The beer industry is a major producer of solid waste globally, primarily in the form of brewer’s spent grain (BSG), which due to its low value has historically been diverted to livestock as feed or to landfills. However, its high moisture content and chemical composition positions BSG as an ideal candidate for further processing with microbial fermentation. Recent research has focused on filamentous fungi and the ability of some species therein to degrade the predominant recalcitrant cellulolignin components of BSG to produce valuable compounds. Many species have been investigated to biovalorize this waste stream, including those in the genuses Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhyzopus, and Trichoderma, which have been used to produce a wide array of highly valuable enzymes and other functional compounds, and to increase the nutritional value of BSG as an animal feed. This review of recent developments in the application of filamentous fungi for the valorization of BSG discusses the biochemical makeup of BSG, the biological mechanisms underlying fungi’s primacy to this application, and the current applications of fungi in this realm.
Learning from Customers: Corporate Innovation along the Supply Chain

This paper studies the effect of supplier-customer relationship on supplier innovation through a knowledge spillover channel. We use the geographical distance between a supplier and its major customers to capture knowledge spillovers along the supply chain. To establish causality, we explore plausibly exogenous variation in distance caused by customer headquarters relocations. In a difference-indifferences framework, we show that knowledge spillovers from customers appear to have a positive, causal effect on supplier innovation. The effect is stronger when the customers are more innovative themselves and are within closer technology proximity with the suppliers. Finally, we show that innovation attributable to knowledge spillovers from customers positively contributes to a firm’s product market performance. Our paper sheds new light on the real effect of knowledge spillovers along the supply chain its enhancement on firm innovation.
Authors response “Improving weather and climate predictions by training of supermodels” by Schevenhoven et al

Recent studies demonstrate that weather and climate predictions potentially improve by dynamically combining different models into a so called “supermodel”. Here we focus on the weighted supermodel the supermodel’s time derivative is a weighted superposition of the time-derivatives :::: time ::::::::: derivatives of the imperfect models, referred to as weighted supermodeling. 5 A crucial step is to train the weights of the supermodel on the basis of historical observations. Here we apply two different training methods to a supermodel of up to four different versions of the global atmosphere-ocean-land model SPEEDO. The standard version is regarded as truth. The first training method is based on an idea called Cross Pollination in Time (CPT), where models exchange states during the training. The second method is a synchronization based learning rule, originally developed for parameter estimation. We demonstrate that both training methods yield climate simulations and weather predictions of 10 superior quality as compared to the individual model versions. Supermodel predictions also outperform predictions based on the commonly used Multi-Model Ensemble (MME) mean. Furthermore we find evidence that negative weights can improve predictions in cases where model errors do not cancel (for instance all models are warm with respect to the truth). In principle the proposed training schemes are applicable to state-of-the-art models and historical observations. A prime advantage of the proposed training schemes is that in the present context relatively short training periods suffice to find good solutions. 15 Additional work needs to be done to assess the limitations due to incomplete and noisy data, to combine models that are structurally different (different resolution and state representation for instance) and to evaluate cases for which the truth falls outside of the model class.
Reconciling Human and Natural Drivers of the Tripole Pattern of Multidecadal Summer Temperature Variations Over Eurasia

The recent summer surface air temperature (SAT) changes over densely populated Eurasia exhibit a non‐uniform pattern with amplified warming over Europe and East Asia (EA) but weak warming over Central Asia (CA), forming a wave train‐like structure. However, the key factors that determine this non‐uniform warming pattern remain unclear. By analyzing observations and model simulations, here, we show that more than half of the SAT multidecadal variations from 1950 to 2014 over Europe‐west Asia and EA may have resulted from external forcing, rather than from internal variability in the Atlantic as previously thought. In contrast, the recent SAT over CA is influenced mainly by internal variations in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Large ensemble model simulations suggest that the forced SAT multidecadal variations over Eurasia are mainly caused by changes in greenhouse gases and aerosols. Our findings provide strong evidence for major impacts of external forcing on multidecadal climate variations over Eurasia.
Interactive comment on “A Radiative Convective Model based on constrained Maximum Entropy Production” by Vincent Labarre et al

Overview: The authors build on the model developed by Herbert et al (2013) (I note that the second and third authors have contributed to the earlier paper) to use the MEP conjecture to develop profiles for convective fluxes and temperatures. They add a further constraint, in explicitly expressing the energy transferred by convection as an upward and downward mass-flux times a quantity resembling moist static energy or some of its components. The atmospheric profiles that they obtain are compared with observations for various regions and sensitivities to atmospheric composition are obtained. The paper is an interesting addition to work already published on MEP, and I would recommend publication subject to the comments below.
S1366728921000286jra 1..15

First-language research suggests that new words, after initial episodic-memory encoding, are consolidated and hence become lexically integrated. We asked here if lexical consolidation, about word forms and meanings, occurs in a second language. Italian–English sequential bilinguals learned novel English-like words (e.g., apricon, taught to mean “stapler”). fMRI analyses failed to reveal a predicted shift, after consolidation time, from hippocampal to temporal neocortical activity. In a pause-detection task, responses to existing phonological competitors of learned words (e.g., apricot for apricon) were slowed down if the words had been learned two days earlier (i.e., after consolidation time) but not if they had been learned the same day. In a lexical-decision task, new words primed responses to semantically-related existing words (e.g., apricon-paper) whether the words were learned that day or two days earlier. Consolidation appears to support integration of words into the bilingual lexicon, possibly more rapidly for meanings than for forms.
(Dis)information Blackouts: Politics and Practices of Internet Shutdowns

Various emerging digital information societies like India exercise Internet shutdowns and information blackouts regularly as a way of dealing with different kinds of crises. These blackouts are justified as countering the misinformation cycles that amplify (dis)information that we have come to characterize as “fake news. ” An immersive ethnography during an Internet shutdowns in India revealed these blackouts are neither absolute nor foolproof because blackouts have multiple back doors that allow different kinds of information to flow through networked and social negotiations. I argue that Internet shutdowns need to be seen as specific exercises of geopolitical and sovereign power and read as performative because they are both inefficient and ineffective in achieving information blackouts. Making a distinction between misinformation and disinformation, I show how these Internet shutdowns do not stop the circulation of fake news but, as infrastructural tools, they enable state (dis)information and propaganda to spread without resistance and thus become potent tools in curbing protests and rightful critique of authoritarian practices.
Economic costs of biological invasions in the United Kingdom

Although the high costs of invasion are frequently cited and are a key motivation for environmental management and policy, synthesised data on invasion costs are scarce. Here, we quantify and examine the monetary costs of biological invasions in the United Kingdom (UK) using a global synthesis of reported invasion costs. Invasive alien species have cost the UK economy between US$6.9 billion and $17.6 billion (£5.4 – £13.7 billion) in reported losses and expenses since 1976. Most costs were reported for the entire UK or Great Britain (97%); country-scale cost reporting for the UK's four constituent countries was scarce. Reports of animal invasions were the costliest ($4.7 billion), then plant ($1.3 billion) and fungal ($206.7 million) invasions. Reported damage costs (i.e. excluding management costs) were higher in terrestrial ($4.8 billion) than aquatic or semi-aquatic environments ($29.8 million), and primarily impacted agriculture ($4.2 billion). Invaders with earlier introduction years accrued significantly higher total invasion costs. Invasion costs have been increasing rapidly since 1976, and have cost the UK economy $157.1 million (£122.1 million) per annum, on average. Published information on specific economic costs included only 42 of 520 invaders reported in the UK and was generally available only for the most NeoBiota 67: 299–328 (2021) doi: 10.3897/neobiota.67. 59743 https://neobiota.pensoft. net Copyright Ross N. Cuthbert et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. RESEARCH ARTICLE Advancing research on alien species and biological invasions A peer-reviewed open-access journal
Vanishing borders: ethnicity and trade costs at the origin of the Yugoslav market

This article exploits the creation of a paradigmatic multi-ethnic state, Yugoslavia, to examine if, to what extent, and why the effect of ethnic ties on trade costs changes over time. We compile and examine a panel of over 550,000 inter-urban price gaps spanning the area of Yugoslavia in the decades before and after the Yugoslav uni? cation of 1918. Controlling for observable trade costs, we ? find that crossing the border between Serbia and Austria-Hungary signifi? cantly increased price gaps before the First World War. Ethno-religious differences explained a large share of this border effect in pre-uni? cation Yugoslavia, but their influence vanished over time. This decline began about twelve years before the uni? cation, and is visible both in city-pairs that were separated by the pre-war border and in those that were not. These patterns suggest that nation-building, rather than a weakening incentive to rely on private order institutions, was the main unifying factor.
Progress in Arabica Coffee Breeding in Ethiopia: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects

Coffee belongs to the family Rubiaceaeand the genus Coffea. Only two species, Coffea arabicaL. and Coffea canephoraPierre, are economically important and widely cultivated in the world. Coffea arabicaL. is believed to have originated in the highlands of south western Ethiopia where it has its center of genetic diversity. The availability of wider genetic variation among endogenous coffee types provide immense possibilities to improvement the crop for any desirable traits of breeding interest. In cognizant to this, coffee breeding program was initiated in1970’s where Coffee Berry Disease (CBD) occurred in Ethiopia for the first time. Germplasm collection, selection and hybridization methods of breeding have been followed since the commencement of the breeding program. In effect, outstanding achievements have been recorded in assembling of 6721 accessions, generation of basic information on genetics of Arabica coffee and release of 40 improved varieties of which six are F1 hybrids. The details of the achievements, challenges and prospects are discussed in this paper.
Incidence of Malaria in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: A Single-Institution Retrospective Review from 2005 to 2020

While there has been a tremendous decline in malaria disease burden in the remote parts of the Malaysia, little is known about malaria incidence in its urban localities. This study aimed to analyse trends of malaria cases in urban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. All suspected cases presented to a university hospital in Kuala Lumpur from January 2005 to December 2020 were examined by microscopy. Infection status was analysed using descriptive statistics and curve estimation analysis. Of 3105 blood films examined, 92 (3%) were microscopically confirmed malaria cases. Plasmodium vivax infections accounted for the majority (36.9%) of all malaria cases. Nearly half (47.8%) of cases were found among foreign cases (P&lt;0.001). The majority of foreign cases were males (86.4%) and came from Southeast Asian countries (65.9%). Curve estimation analysis showed significant decreases of malaria cases due to P. vivax (R2 = 0.598; P&lt;0.001) and Plasmodium falciparum (R2 = 0.0259, P = 0.029), but increase for Plasmodium knowlesi (R2 = 0.325, P = 0.021) during the 16 years. This study revealed that malaria incidence in urban Kuala Lumpur is low and has remained stable since 2005. However, P. knowlesi played a significant role in the increase of overall malaria in the area, highlighting the importance of continued vigilance and improved surveillance.
Capital Investment and Asset Returns in Dynamic Oligopolies

We develop a dynamic multi-consumption good, production-based general equilibrium model with an oligopolistic sector to examine the e¤ects of market power on product and asset markets. Equilibrium investment and production strategically moderate e¤ects of aggregate and sectoral shocks on collusive product price with attendant e¤ects on industry equity risk-premium and Sharpe ratio. The model is calibrated with U.S. aggregate and manufacturing industry data. The oligopoly model provides a better t to product and asset marketsdata compared with the benchmark competitive industry. We nd support for theoretical predictions on the link between industry competition and product and asset market outcomes. Keywords: Oligopoly; capital investment; markups; equity risk premium; Sharpe ratio We thank Franklin Allen, Cristina Arellano, Tim Bresnahan, Laurent Calvert, Adlai Fisher, Lorenzo Garlappi, Tom George, Nils Gottfries, Kris Jacobs, Ravi Jagannathan, Mamoud Medhat, Elisa Pazaj, Valerie Ramey, Enrique Schroth, Sang Seo, Ken Singleton, Roberto Steri, Jincheng Tong, Vijay Yerramilli, participants in seminars at various universities, the Corporate Policies and Asset Pricing (COAP) Annual Conference (2019), the North American Summer Meeting of the Econometric Society (2019), and the Northern Finance Association Meeting (2019) for helpful comments and discussions. We especially thank Stephen Arbogast (ex-Treasurer Exxon-Mobil Chemicals) for detailed discussions on the interaction of rm strategy and asset pricing in dynamic oligopolies. Send correspondence to: Praveen Kumar, C.T. Bauer College of Business, 4750 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204; +1(832)-452-5625; e-mail: pkumar@uh.edu.
Derivation of seawater pCO2 from net community production identifies the South Atlantic Ocean as a CO2 source

Abstract. A key step in assessing the global carbon budget is the determination of the partial pressure of CO2 in seawater (pCO2 (sw)). Spatially complete observational fields of pCO2 (sw) are routinely produced for regional and global ocean carbon budget assessments by extrapolating sparse in situ measurements of pCO2 (sw) using satellite observations. Within these schemes, satellite chlorophyll a (Chl a) is often used as a proxy for the biological drawdown or release of CO2. Chl a does not however quantify carbon fixed through photosynthesis and then respired, which is determined by net community production (NCP). In this study, pCO2 (sw) over the South Atlantic Ocean is estimated using a feed forward neural network (FNN) scheme and either satellite derived NCP, net primary production (NPP) or Chl a to compare which biological proxy is the most accurate. Estimates of pCO2 (sw) using NCP, NPP or Chl a were similar, but NCP was more accurate for the Amazon Plume and upwelling regions, which were not fully reproduced when using Chl a or NPP. Reducing the uncertainties in the satellite biological parameters to estimate pCO2 (sw), illustrated further improvement and greater differences for NCP compared to NPP or Chl a. Using NCP to estimate pCO2 (sw) showed that the South Atlantic Ocean is a CO2 source, whereas if no biological parameters are used in the FNN (following existing annual carbon assessments), this region becomes a sink for CO2. These results highlight that using NCP improved the accuracy of estimating pCO2 (sw), and changes the South Atlantic Ocean from a CO2 sink to a source. Reducing the uncertainties in NCP derived from satellite parameters will further improve our ability to quantify the global ocean CO2 sink.
A Candidate RNAi Screen Reveals Diverse RNA-Binding Protein Phenotypes in Drosophila Flight Muscle

The proper regulation of RNA processing is critical for muscle development and the fine-tuning of contractile ability among muscle fiber-types. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate the diverse steps in RNA processing, including alternative splicing, which generates fiber-type specific isoforms of structural proteins that confer contractile sarcomeres with distinct biomechanical properties. Alternative splicing is disrupted in muscle diseases such as myotonic dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy and is altered after intense exercise as well as with aging. It is therefore important to understand splicing and RBP function, but currently, only a small fraction of the hundreds of annotated RBPs expressed in muscle have been characterized. Here, we demonstrate the utility of Drosophila as a genetic model system to investigate basic developmental mechanisms of RBP function in myogenesis. We find that RBPs exhibit dynamic temporal and fiber-type specific expression patterns in mRNA-Seq data and display muscle-specific phenotypes. We performed knockdown with 105 RNAi hairpins targeting 35 RBPs and report associated lethality, flight, myofiber and sarcomere defects, including flight muscle phenotypes for Doa, Rm62, mub, mbl, sbr, and clu. Knockdown phenotypes of spliceosome components, as highlighted by phenotypes for A-complex components SF1 and Hrb87F (hnRNPA1), revealed level- and temporal-dependent myofibril defects. We further show that splicing mediated by SF1 and Hrb87F is necessary for Z-disc stability and proper myofibril development, and strong knockdown of either gene results in impaired localization of kettin to the Z-disc. Our results expand the number of RBPs with a described phenotype in muscle and underscore the diversity in myofibril and transcriptomic phenotypes associated with splicing defects. Drosophila is thus a powerful model to gain disease-relevant insight into cellular and molecular phenotypes observed when expression levels of splicing factors, spliceosome components and splicing dynamics are altered.