Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Normative blink reflex data for the EyeStat Device in student athletes

Abstract The blink reflex presents a promising, objective, neurophysiologic measure for use in sports-related concussion diagnosis and monitoring. The purpose of this study was to describe blink reflex metrics obtained using the EyeStat across various demographic factors in a group of healthy high school and collegiate athletes. Participants were 975 healthy high school and collegiate athletes ages 13–23 who underwent pre-season baseline blink reflex testing with EyeStat from 2018 to 2020. Separate two- and three-way analyses of variance tested the effects of age, sex and race on each blink reflex parameter including latency (ms), differential latency (ms), time under threshold (ln(ms)), oscillations (qty), and excursions (px). Bivariate correlations demonstrated uniformly negligible (|r|<0.2) inter-measure correlations, except between latency and oscillations (r = −0.37). Latency was significantly slower in males versus females (p = 0.001), while latency in 19–21 year olds (college) was faster as compared to 13–15 year olds (high school) (p = 0.008). Differential latency was faster in females versus males (p = 0.033), and Caucasians had faster differential latency values as compared with African Americans (p < 0.0005). The number of oscillations were significantly higher in females versus males (p < 0.0005), and African Americans demonstrating significantly more oscillations as compared to Caucasians (p = 0.006). Excursions were greater in females compared to males (p = 0.003) and Caucasians demonstrated greater excursions as compared to African Americans (p = 0.008). Natural log of time under threshold resulted in significant differences in race, with Caucasians having lower values compared to African Americans (p = 0.026). The current results provide baseline values when applying this new technology to the assessment and monitoring of concussion.
MODELLING AIRBORNE SOUND TRANSMISSION BETWEEN COUPLED ROOMS

A new method has been developed for the calculation of transmission through walls, including auralization in the receiving room. This has been made as an option in the room acoustic simulation software Odeon version 9. Transmission through multiple walls can be investigated; even walls with different materials on either side and with thickness can be handled. The influence of partial areas with different transmission losses, the volumes of the rooms, and the reverberation times of the rooms are included in the simulation results.
ALU repeat as potential molecular marker in the detection and prognosis of different cancer types: A systematic review

Cancer is a major health issue worldwide. cfDNA integrity has been reported as a potential diagnostic molecular marker for different types of cancer, identifying the importance of liquid biopsy. The aim of this review was to evaluate the prognostic and diagnostic performance of Arthrobacter luteus (ALU) repeat in tumor. Following a thorough review of the literature published from January, 2000 to September 2021, 36 studies were included. All of the study descriptions were analyzed. According to several studies, there were increased concentrations of ALU repetitive elements in cancer patients, while these concentrations were decreased in control, benign, different cancer stage, and other diseases. The total ALU (115 and 247) sequence levels are potential biomarkers for the purpose of investigations and cancer prognosis.
Long-term effect of tillage and weed control on weed dynamics, soil properties and yield of wheat in rice-wheat system.

A field experiment was conducted at Jabalpur during winter seasons of 2001–02, 2002–03, 200304 and 2004–05 to study the influence of tillage and herbicides on weed dynamics, yield and soil properties under rice-wheat system in vertisols. Irrespective of the tillage, population of Phalaris minor and Chenopodium album decreased and that of Avena ludoviciana and Medicago hispida increased over time. Zero tillage reduced the population of P. minor and C. album but increased the population of A. ludoviciana as compared to conventional tillage. Application of clodinafop at 0.06 kg/ha fb 2, 4-D ethyl ester at 0.50 kg/ha effectively controlled both grassy and broad-leaved weeds and produced 77.8% higher grain yield than that of isoproturon 1.0 kg + 2,4-D 0.50 kg/ha. Under moisture stress, zero tillage retained more soil moisture than conventional tillage. Tillage and weed control did not affect the physicochemical properties of soil.
Associated Risks of Cloud Computing for SMEs

Cloud computing is an emerging computing model, which changed the whole picture that distributed computing used to present. Although, Cloud offers great benefits, it introduces a myriad of threats. These threats must be overcome in order to benefit fully from this new computing exemplar. This paper reveals benefits of exploiting cloud computing for small medium enterprises. Additionally, we identified risks associated with leveraging cloud in SMEs. Finally we conclude that a well-defined risk management program that focused on cloud computing is vital for success of SME transformation to cloud.
Local Temporal Regularities in Child-Directed Speech in Spanish.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to characterize the local (utterance-level) temporal regularities of child-directed speech (CDS) that might facilitate phonological development in Spanish, classically termed a syllable-timed language. METHOD Eighteen female adults addressed their 4-year-old children versus other adults spontaneously and also read aloud (CDS vs. adult-directed speech [ADS]). We compared CDS and ADS speech productions using a spectrotemporal model (Leong & Goswami, 2015), obtaining three temporal metrics: (a) distribution of modulation energy, (b) temporal regularity of stressed syllables, and (c) syllable rate. RESULTS CDS was characterized by (a) significantly greater modulation energy in the lower frequencies (0.5-4 Hz), (b) more regular rhythmic occurrence of stressed syllables, and (c) a slower syllable rate than ADS, across both spontaneous and read conditions. DISCUSSION CDS is characterized by a robust local temporal organization (i.e., within utterances) with amplitude modulation bands aligning with delta and theta electrophysiological frequency bands, respectively, showing greater phase synchronization than in ADS, facilitating parsing of stress units and syllables. These temporal regularities, together with the slower rate of production of CDS, might support the automatic extraction of phonological units in speech and hence support the phonological development of children. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21210893.
Interaction of Lipopolysaccharide-Spiked Blood with Anti-Fouling Polymyxin B-Modified Glass

Bacterial endotoxin, also known as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), plays a major role in the initiation of sepsis, a severe inflammatory condition. Removal of the toxin from blood is one accepted method of patient treatment. Polymyxin B (PMB)-modified columns have been employed successfully for this purpose via extra-corporeal blood-flow systems that incorporate a cartridge for toxin removal. Herein we demonstrate that PMB-modified glass beads are able to reduce the presence of LPS competitively with the equivalent fiber column used in a commercial cartridge. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ELISA of released fatty acids from the toxin indicates that PMB does not physically capture or significantly remove LPS from the blood samples. In reality, interaction between the surface-bound PMB and the toxin may lead to disaggregation or monomerization of LPS aggregates. As aggregates are the bioactive form of LPS, it is possible that the monomerization of these entities may be the mechanism by which their toxicity is reduced. Moreover, this work indicates that LPS monomers are stabilized subsequent to disaggregation induced by PMB.
Born into Chaos: The Performance Impacts of Founding Team Composition and the Role of the Founding Environment

We examine how a firm’s founding environment shapes the performance impact of its founding team. Using the context of young ventures, we theorize that the market volatility at firm inception greatly alters the way in which a functionally heterogeneous founding team drives future performance compared with a homogeneous team. We find moderating effects in opposite directions for different performance outcomes: if a firm with a heterogeneous founding team was founded in a volatile environment, it is both more likely to achieve success and more likely to fail. We suggest that the breadth of one’s innovation strategy is a differentiator between the ventures that benefit from those founding conditions and ventures that are harmed. Our results provide impetus for a more nuanced interpretation of founding effects.
Pemanfaatan Bakteri Rhizoplane dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Semai Jelutung (Dyera polyphylla Miq. Steenis.)

Hasil hutan bukan kayu merupakan sumber pendapatan yang penting di hutan tropis, tetapi beberapa jenis pohon penghasil bukan kayu populasinya mengalami penurunan dan terancam kepunahannya karena kegiatan eksploitasi yang terlalu berlebahan. Hal ini meningkatkan perhatian pada jenis jelutung (Dyera polyphylla Miq. Steenis.) karena terjadinya degradasi potensi dalam menghasilkan hasil hutan bukan kayu. Keuntungan dari akar yang berkoloni dengan bakteri rizosfir yang dikenal dengan isilah Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) telah diketahui peranan pentingnya di dalam proses ekosistem, seperti peranannya dalam siklus nutrisi, dan pertumbuhan semai. Asosiasi dari akar tanaman dan fungi yang terdapat di dalam tanah dikenal dengan istilah mikoriza. Objek dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas dari dua jenis Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) jenis Glomus sp. , Gigaspora sp. , dan 13 jenis bakteri rhizoplane (CK32, FL.13.2.1, JW1, JW6, JW9, JW13, JW14, CK26, CK4, JW3a, SB, NT, CR.R1), pada semai jelutung, dibawah kondisi rumah kaca. Perhitungan persentase infeksi akar, pertumbuhan tanaman, kandungan unsur N dan P dilakukan 150 setelah penanaman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase infeksi akar oleh FMA adalah 100%. Perlakuan FMA jenis Glomus sp. secara signifikan meningkatkan pertambahan tinggi tanaman sebesar 18,95% dan pertambahan diameter sebesar 16,16% dari perlakuan tanpa FMA. Perlakuan kombinasi antara bakteri JW 13 dan Glomus sp. meningkatkan berat kering pucuk sebesar 36,28% dan meningkatkan kandungan unsur hara N sebesar 69,59% terhadap kontrol. Kombinasi perlakuan dari bakteri jenis JW1 dan Gigaspora sp. meningkatkan kandungan unsur hara P sebesar 42,05% dari kontrol. Dengan ditemukannya kombinasi dari mikroba yang memiliki banyak manfaat, dapat menjadi rekomendasi di bidang bioteknologi dalam upaya meningkatkan pertumbuahan tanaman.
Efficacy of Intraoperative Vein Graft Storage Solutions in Preserving Endothelial Cell Integrity during Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

(1) Introduction: Intraoperative preservation solutions for saphenous vein grafts may influence the endothelial structure and increase the risk of graft failure after coronary surgery. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of three solutions in maintaining the endothelial cell integrity of venous segments. (2) Methods: We tested the efficacy of physiological saline solution (PSS), heparinized autologous blood (HAB) and DuraGraft® in preserving the endothelium of vein segments by evaluating the degree of endothelial cell apoptosis. Two incubation times (2 and 4 h from harvesting) were used for each solution. The quantification of apoptotic cells was computed as the intensity nuclei/intensity area ratio. (3) Results: After 2 h of ischemia, the degree of apoptosis decreased progressively across the use of DuraGraft, HAB and PSS (p = 0.004), although only the difference between DuraGraft and PSS yielded a statistical significance (p = 0.002). After 4 h, a similar decrease in apoptosis was shown across the three media; however, statistical significance was not reached. The analysis of the elapsed time (2 or 4 h of incubation) showed that this was a relevant factor in maintaining the endothelial structural integrity independently from the storage solution (test for interaction of media and time p = 0.010). (4) Conclusion: Within 2 h of incubation, endothelial structural integrity depended on the incubating medium. DuraGraft better protected the SVG against ischemic-induced apoptosis when compared to saline solution. Prolonged ischemia was associated with extended endothelium damage and none of the studied solutions protected the vein graft.
Current status of experimental models for the study of malaria

Abstract Infection by malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in tropical regions of the world. Despite the availability of malaria control tools such as integrated vector management and effective therapeutics, these measures have been continuously undermined by the emergence of vector resistance to insecticides or parasite resistance to frontline antimalarial drugs. Whilst the recent pilot implementation of the RTS,S malaria vaccine is indeed a remarkable feat, highly effective vaccines against malaria remain elusive. The barriers to effective vaccines result from the complexity of both the malaria parasite lifecycle and the parasite as an organism itself with consequent major gaps in our understanding of their biology. Historically and due to the practical and ethical difficulties of working with human malaria infections, research into malaria parasite biology has been extensively facilitated by animal models. Animals have been used to study disease pathogenesis, host immune responses and their (dys)regulation and further disease processes such as transmission. Moreover, animal models remain at the forefront of pre-clinical evaluations of antimalarial drugs (drug efficacy, mode of action, mode of resistance) and vaccines. In this review, we discuss commonly used animal models of malaria, the parasite species used and their advantages and limitations which hinder their extrapolation to actual human disease. We also place into this context the most recent developments such as organoid technologies and humanized mice.
A study of the requirement for LIF receptor in mouse development and embryonic stem cell self-renewal

The low-affinity leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIF-R) is believed to be required for the biological activities of a family of cytokines including LIF, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), oncostatin (OSM) and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1). These are pleiotropic cytokines which have effects on a variety of cell types. One important property is their ability to maintain embryonic stem (ES) cells in vitro. To evaluate a requirement for LIF-R in mouse development in vivo, mice deficient for LIF-R have been generated via homologous recombination in ES cells. The functions of LIF family of cytokines are dependent on the heterodimerization between LIF-R and gp130 following ligand binding. To ensure a null mutation, 20 kb segment of the lzf-r gene encoding the presumed ligand binding domain has been deleted and replaced by a promoterless Internal Ribosome Entry Site-LacZ-neopolyA (IRESgeopA) cassette. Following homologous recombination, the expression of Pgeo will be under the control of LIF-R promoter. Therefore Pgeo serves as a selectable marker as well as a LIF-R expression reporter in ES cells and during mouse development. Homologous recombination in ES cells was achieved at high frequency (11/58). Germline transmission has been obtained from two independent clones. Expression of the lacZ reporter gene integrated into the targeted locus has been visualized by histological staining for -galactosidase. In vitro in ES cells, -galactosidase activity is predominantly confined to morphologically undifferentiated ES cells, although particular subpopulations of differentiated cells also stain. In vivo, staining is seen in specific regions of the developing nervous system, heart, gut, cartilage and muscles.
Telehealth and Artificial Intelligence Insights into Healthcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Soon after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic was proclaimed, digital health services were widely adopted to respond to this public health emergency, including comprehensive monitoring technologies, telehealth, creative diagnostic, and therapeutic decision-making methods. The World Health Organization suggested that artificial intelligence might be a valuable way of dealing with the crisis. Artificial intelligence is an essential technology of the fourth industrial revolution that is a critical nonmedical intervention for overcoming the present global health crisis, developing next-generation pandemic preparation, and regaining resilience. While artificial intelligence has much potential, it raises fundamental privacy, transparency, and safety concerns. This study seeks to address these issues and looks forward to an intelligent healthcare future based on best practices and lessons learned by employing telehealth and artificial intelligence during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Integrating immersion with GPS data improves behavioural classification for wandering albatrosses and shows scavenging behind fishing vessels mirrors natural foraging

Advances in biologging techniques and the availability of high‐resolution fisheries data have improved our ability to understand the interactions between seabirds and fisheries and to evaluate mortality risk due to bycatch. However, it remains unclear whether movement patterns and behaviour differ between birds foraging naturally or scavenging behind vessels and whether this could be diagnostic of fisheries interactions. We deployed novel loggers that record the GPS position of birds at sea and scan the surroundings to detect radar transmissions from vessels and immersion (activity) loggers on wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans from South Georgia. We matched these data to remotely sensed fishing vessel positions and used a combination of hidden Markov and random forest models to investigate whether it was possible to detect a characteristic signature from the seabird tracking and activity data that would indicate fine‐scale vessel overlap and interactions. Including immersion data in our hidden Markov models allowed two distinct foraging behaviours to be identified, both indicative of Area Restricted Search (ARS) but with or without landing behaviour (likely prey capture attempts) that would not be detectable with location data alone. Birds approached vessels during all behavioural states, and there was no clear pattern associated with this type of scavenging behaviour. The random forest models had very low sensitivity, partly because foraging events at vessels occurred very rarely, and did not contain any diagnostic movement or activity pattern that was distinct from natural behaviours away from vessels. Thus, we were unable to predict accurately whether foraging bouts occurred in the vicinity of a fishing vessel, or naturally, based on behaviour alone. Our method provides a coherent and generalizable framework to segment trips using auxiliary biologging (immersion) data and to refine the classification of foraging strategies of seabirds. These results nevertheless underline the value of using radar detectors that detect vessel proximity or remotely sensed vessel locations for a better understanding of seabird–fishery interactions.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Kimia Berbasis Aplikasi Android pada Materi Larutan Elektrolit dan Nonelektrolit

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan dan kepraktisan modul pembelajaran kimia berbasis aplikasi android pada materi larutan elektrolit dan nonelektrolit. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah model pengembangan Borg dan Gall. Penelitian ini terbatas hanya sampai 5 tahap yaitu riset dan pengumpulan informasi, perencanaan, pengembangan produk awal, uji lapangan produk awal dan revisi produk awal. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 40 siswa kelas X MIPA SMAN 1 Keruak yang diambil secara random proporsional yang terdiri dari 10 siswa kelas X MIPA 1, 10 siswa kelas X MIPA 2, 10 siswa kelas X MIPA 3 dan 10 siswa kelas X MIPA 4. Hasil penilaian kelayakan oleh ketiga validator menggunakan indeks Aiken diperoleh nilai V=0,88 yang menunjukkan bahwa modul pembelajaran kimia berbasis aplikasi android pada materi larutan elektrolit dan nonelektrolit sangat layak untuk diujicobakan. Hasil uji kepraktisan yang diperoleh dari angket respon siswa menunjukkan rata-rata kepraktisan untuk semua aspek sebesar 82% yang berarti bahwa modul yang dikembangkan sangat praktis untuk digunakan. Secara umum, berdasarkan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa modul pembelajaran kimia berbasis aplikasi android pada materi larutan elektrolit dan nonelektrolit yang dikembangkan bersifat sangat layak dan praktis. ÃÂ
EPA-Enriched Phospholipids Alleviate Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Regulating TGF-β Signaling Pathways

Hypertensive nephropathy is a chronic kidney disease caused by hypertension. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been reported to possess an antihypertensive effect, and our previous study suggested that EPA-enriched phospholipid (EPA-PL) had more significant bioactivities compared with traditional EPA. However, the effect of dietary EPA-PL on hypertensive nephropathy has not been studied. The current study was designed to examine the protection of EPA-PL against kidney damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Treatment with EPA-PL for three weeks significantly reduced blood pressure through regulating the renin–angiotensin system in SHRs. Moreover, dietary EPA-PL distinctly alleviated kidney dysfunction in SHRs, evidenced by reduced plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and 24 h proteinuria. Histology results revealed that treatment of SHRs with EPA-PL alleviated renal injury and reduced tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Further mechanistic studies indicated that dietary EPA-PL remarkably inhibited the activation of TGF-β and Smad 3, elevated the phosphorylation level of PI3K/AKT, suppressed the activation of NF-κB, reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-6, and repressed the oxidative stress and the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway in the kidney. These results indicate that EPA-PL has potential value in the prevention and alleviation of hypertensive nephropathy.