Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Color-Contrast of Single Layer Graphene under White Light Illumination Induced by Broad-band Photon Management.

Visualizing and manipulating the optical contrast of single layer graphene (SLG) and other 2D materials has continuously been an interesting topic to understand fundamental light-matter interaction down to atomic thickness. Since the optical properties of SLG can be tuned by gating, demonstrating and manipulating the color contrast of SLG also has significant potential applications in ultra-thin flexible color display. However, previous demonstrations of optical contrast of SLG are mostly limited to reflection intensity contrast under monochromatic illumination using interference effect. The reported spectral contrast in SLG has mostly been narrow-band or at resonant wavelengths, and it required precise thickness control and/or nanolithography that are hardly scalable to large enough area for display applications. In this paper, we demonstrate novel color-contrast optical visibility of SLG under white light using broad-band photon management induced by nanoneedle structured SnOx (x1) transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), which is scalable to large-area color display. The low-temperature fabricated, self-assembled, nanoneedle structured SnOx (x1) thin films help to significantly increase the broadband optical absorption in SLG by enhancing the electromagnetic field and increasing the scattering efficiency at the SnOx/SLG interface. With nanoneedle structured SnOx, the optical absorption in SLG on fused quartz (SiO2) substrate is drastically increased from ~1.4% to >10 % at =560-990 nm (from yellow to near infrared spectral regimes), leading to a clear color contrast to the surrounding region without SLG. The self-assembly approach, rather than sophisticated and costly nanolithography, allows scalable fabrication of large area 2D photonic devices with broadband and highly efficient photon management effect. Therefore, this approach can be further extended to color-tunable TCO/dielectric/SLG 2D photonic devices by adjusting the free carrier concentrations/Fermi levels in the TCO and SLG layers via gating - a stepping stone towards ultra-thin flexible color display technologies utilizing 2D materials and nanostructured thin films.
Recurrence of idiopathic acute pancreatitis after cholecystectomy: systematic review and meta‐analysis

Occult biliary disease has been suggested as a frequent underlying cause of idiopathic acute pancreatitis (IAP). Cholecystectomy has been proposed as a strategy to prevent recurrent IAP. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of cholecystectomy in reducing the risk of recurrent IAP.
Experience of Using Adrenocorticotropic Hormone in the Treatment of Patients With Acute Neuromyelitis Optica Who Failed Systemic Steroids: A Case Series.

OBJECTIVES Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) has a complex pathology. Clinical symptoms, derived from damage to optic nerves and spinal cord, cause optic neuritis and/or longitudinally extensive myelitis. Treatment options are limited. We assessed adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) use in patients developing exacerbations on systemic steroid treatment and declining other treatments. METHODS Patients with NMO who initiated intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) for exacerbations and experienced a subsequent exacerbation on monthly IVMP or had inadequate response to IVMP received ACTH 80 U/d intramuscularly for 7 days (for acute relapse), followed by 80 U every 2 weeks (for long taper down/maintenance). Every 1 to 3 months, relapse, Expanded Disability Status Scale, laboratory, and adverse event assessments were performed. RESULTS Six patients (mean age: 48.6 years; NMO-suggestive clinical/imaging presentations; cerebral spinal fluid revealing no oligoclonal bands; aquaporin-4 positive [n = 5]) were identified: 5 experiencing subsequent exacerbations with monthly IVMP and 1 with inadequate response to IVMP. No relapses occurred during ACTH treatment or taper-down period, laboratory values indicated no safety concerns, and annual follow-up magnetic resonance imagings were stable. Adverse events were generally characterized as improved or unchanged versus with IVMP, although 1 patient reported transient edema (lower extremities) only during ACTH treatment. Potential treatment-related AEs included edema, acne, urinary tract infection, and insomnia and were reportedly less severe with ACTH treatment than IVMP. CONCLUSIONS Adrenocorticotropic hormone treatment for acute NMO was associated with clinical improvement, suggesting that ACTH could have a role in treating acute NMO patients failing IVMP and declining other treatments. Fewer/less severe AEs were observed with ACTH versus IVMP. Larger, controlled clinical studies are needed.
MANAGEMENT OF REFRACTORY LARGE MACULAR HOLE WITH AUTOLOGOUS NEUROSENSORY RETINAL FREE FLAP TRANSPLANTATION.

PURPOSE To investigate the morphological and functional outcome of refractory large macular hole (MH) with autologous neurosensory retinal free flap transplantation. METHODS This case series enrolled 10 patients suffering from refractory large MH at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. All eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy, a neurosensory retinal free flap with a 1.5 to 2-MH diameter was harvested. We used an adhesive agent such as whole blood or Viscoat to assist the stabilization of the retinal free flap and then use tamponade silicone oil to tamponade the vitreous cavity. Silicone oil was removed 6 months postoperatively. Main outcome measures including closure of MH and change in best-corrected visual acuity change were recorded. RESULTS The mean age was 64.9 ± 11.5 years. Before presentation, all cases had received at least two vitreoretinal procedures including vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, and fluid-gas exchange. At last visit, closure of the MH was achieved in 9 of 10 (90%) cases. The mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity and that after 12 months of surgery improved from 1.65 ± 0.43 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution to 0.88 ± 0.49 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION For eyes with refractory or large MH, autologous neurosensory retinal free flap under silicone oil tamponade may provide a new option to improve the anatomical and function outcome, especially in cases where insufficient internal limiting membrane is left.
Predictors of Body Image Perception among African American Women

Obesity is a significant health problem in the US with African American (AA) women having one of the highest prevalence of obesity. Some AA women may equate a larger BMI with a positive body image. The purpose of this cross-sectional descriptive study was to examine the relationship between demographic variables, body image perception, coping behaviors and BMI with a non-probability sample of 191 AA women, 18–40 years old. Participants completed a demographic form and Pulver’s Figure Rating Scale (PFRS). Weight and height were measure and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Significant findings show that chronological age, hypertension, cigarette smoking and BMI were positively associated with body image perception. Using regression analysis, hypertension and BMI were predictors of body image perception. The study findings indicate that chronic illness and BMI impact body image perception.
Relationships Between Perceived Limitations in Stair Climbing and Lower Limb Strength, Body Mass Index, and Self‐reported Stair Climbing Activity

The purpose of this study was to describe the relationships between perceived limitations in stair climbing and self-reported stair climbing activity, muscle strength, and adiposity. The study involved the cross-sectional examination of community-dwelling men (n = 32) and women (n = 107) aged at least 65 years. Perceived limitations in climbing one and several flights of stairs were identified by responses to items of the Short-Form 36. Lower limb strength was indicated by the 5 repetition sit-to-stand test. Adiposity was characterized by body mass index. Stair climbing activity was reflected by self-report of flights climbed daily. Stair climbing limitations were common among the participants. Correlational analysis showed low but significant correlations between stair climbing limitations and stair climbing activity, adiposity, and lower limb strength. Regression analysis demonstrated that the 3 independent variables combined together predicted 36.8% of the variance in limitations in climbing a single flight of stairs, and that the stair flights climbed and lower limb strength explained 22.1% of the variance in climbing several flights of stairs. While the design of the study precludes attributing cause, it appears that stair climbing limitations might be assuaged through reduction of adiposity and augmentation of lower limb strength. Stair climbing activity itself may have a direct or indirect effect on stair climbing limitations.
Long‐term outcomes of percutaneous closure of coronary artery fistulae in the adult: A single‐center experience

Coronary artery fistulae (CAF) are rare congenital cardiac abnormalities. With increasing age, patients with moderate to large fistulae are likely to become symptomatic and encounter complications. Percutaneous closure has been accepted as a safe and effective alternative to surgery; however, information regarding long‐term outcomes in adult patients after transcatheter closure is limited.
Combined individual and family therapy in comparison to treatment as usual for people at‐risk of psychosis: A feasibility study (IF CBT): Trial rationale, methodology and baseline characteristics

Current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for psychosis recommend psychological therapy with or without family intervention for individuals at‐risk of developing psychosis. NICE guidelines have a specific research recommendation to investigate the clinical and cost effectiveness of combined individual and family intervention. We report the rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a feasibility study which aimed to investigate combined Individual and Family Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (IFCBT) for those at‐risk of developing psychosis.
Double-Session Micropulse Transscleral Laser (CYCLO G6) as a Primary Surgical Procedure for Glaucoma

Précis: Double-session micropulse transscleral laser was an effective and safe treatment strategy for eyes that have not undergone glaucoma surgery previously. Purpose: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of double-session micropulse transscleral laser (MP3) as a primary treatment modality for glaucoma. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent MP3 therapy with double sessions in each hemifield, with a follow-up period of at least 6 months, were retrospectively considered. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: GI (no previous glaucoma surgery) and GII (with previous glaucoma surgery). Success was defined by either achieving a final intraocular pressure (IOP) between 6 and 18 mm Hg and an IOP reduction of >20%, or a minimum 50% reduction in the number of glaucoma medications, at the last visit, without any serious complications. Results: Eighty-four eyes were included in the GI group and 101 in the GII group, with the latter demonstrating relatively higher preoperative IOP (31.1±5.4 vs. 26.2±6.9 mm Hg, P<0.001). Final IOP (14.9±5.2 vs. 13.6±4.1 mm Hg, P=0.06), average MP3 treatment time (358.0±50.7 vs. 362.7±67.8 s, P=0.5), and follow-up duration (10.8±5.1 vs. 12.3±5.4 mo, P=0.06) were similar between the groups. The percentage reduction with regard to glaucoma medication was higher in GI than in GII (49.1±28.8 vs. 38.8±30.1%, P=0.02). GI underwent fewer MP3 procedures than GII (1.2±0.5 vs. 1.5±0.8, P=0.002). No hypotony or phthisis bulbi was observed in GI (1 and 2 in GII, respectively). Procedural success was noted in 92.9% of the cases in GI and 87.1% in GII. Conclusions: Double-session MP3 therapy could be considered as a safe and effective procedure to treat glaucoma in eyes that have not undergone any previous glaucoma surgery. Primary eyes achieved a success-rate similar to those with refractory glaucoma with fewer MP3 procedures and fewer glaucoma medications.
Outcomes of Patients Treated With Upfront Cholecystostomy for Severe Acute Cholecystitis

Introduction: Percutaneous cholecystostomy tube (PCT) placement is a treatment method for acute cholecystitis, both in adult patients unsuitable for surgery and those failing to improve with conservative management. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of patients undergoing cholecystostomy. Materials and Methods: A review of consecutive patients who underwent PCT insertion over a 10-year period was performed. Outcomes assessed included cholecystostomy dwell time, tubogram requirement, cholecystostomy reinsertion, cholecystectomy, bile leaks, and mortality. Results: One hundred eight patients (77 male individuals, 31 female individuals) were included. The mean age was 70 years (range: 29 to 93 y). A total of 89 transhepatic and 19 transperitoneal PCTs were inserted. Fifty-nine patients (55%) had a subsequent tubogram to assess cystic duct patency or catheter position. Mean catheter dwell time was 17 days (range: 1 to 154 d). Eleven (10%) required PCT reinsertion. Time to reinsertion ranged from 2 to 163 days (mean=38 d). Fifty-three patients (50%) had no further biliary intervention after removal of the cholecystostomy catheter. One patient required subsequent drainage of a hepatic abscess, and another developed a biloma. Thirty-two patients (30%) underwent cholecystectomy (66% laparoscopic, 34% open). Thirty-day mortality after PCT insertion was 8.3%. Twenty patients (19%) died of non–cholecystostomy-related illness during the 10-year follow-up period. Conclusions: Cholecystostomy is an important treatment method of acute cholecystitis as a bridge to cholecystectomy or as an alternative definitive treatment option in those unsuitable for surgery. A tubogram is not always necessary before tube removal. Cholecystostomy tubes can be removed safely with little risk of bile leak if patients are clinically well, and clean-appearing bile is draining.
IDH2 Mutation Analysis in Undifferentiated and Poorly Differentiated Sinonasal Carcinomas for Diagnosis and Clinical Management

A large number of tumor types arise from the mucosa of the sinonasal cavities. Although presenting clinically distinct behavior, due to poorly differentiated histologic features, they can be difficult to classify correctly. Our aim was to investigate whether IDH2 and IDH1 mutations may be specific to a subset of undifferentiated and poorly differentiated sinonasal carcinomas. A total of 125 tumor samples of 7 different histologic subtypes were analyzed for IDH mutations by sequencing and mutant-specific immunohistochemistry, and the results were correlated to clinical and follow-up data. The highest incidence of IDH2 mutations occurred in sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, with 11/36 (31%) cases affected. However, also, 1/9 neuroendocrine carcinomas, 2/4 high-grade non–intestinal-type adenocarcinomas, and 1/8 poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas carried the IDH2 mutation, whereas 1/48 intestinal-type adenocarcinomas harbored an IDH1 mutation. Immunohistochemical analysis of mutant IDH1/2 produced a number of false-negative results, but also 1 false-positive tumor was found. Disease-specific survival was more favorable in IDH2-mutant versus wild-type cases. Our data suggest that IDH-mutant sinonasal cancers, independent of their histologic subtype, may represent a distinct tumor entity with less aggressive clinical behavior. Clinically, patients with these mutations may benefit from specific IDH-guided therapies.
Qualitative and Quantitative Changes to E. coli During Treatment with Magainin 2 Observed in Native Conditions by Atomic Force Microscopy.

The bacterial membrane has been suggested as a good target for future antibiotics, so it is important to understand how naturally occurring antibiotics like antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) disrupt those membranes. The interaction of the AMP Magainin 2 (MAG2) with the bacterial cell membrane has been well-characterized using supported lipid substrates, unilamellar vesicles, and spheroplasts created from bacterial cells. However, to fully understand how MAG2 kills bacteria, we must consider its effect on the outer membrane found in Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we use atomic force microscopy (AFM) to directly investigate MAG2 interaction with the outer membrane of E. coli and characterize the biophysical consequences of MAG2 treatment under native conditions. While propidium iodide penetration indicates that MAG2 permeabilizes cells within seconds, a corresponding decrease in cellular turgor pressure is not observed until minutes after MAG2 application, suggesting that cellular homeostasis machinery may be responsible for helping the cell maintain turgor pressure despite a loss of membrane integrity. AFM imaging and force measurement modes applied in tandem reveal that the outer membrane becomes pitted, more flexible, and more adhesive after MAG2 treatment. MAG2 appears to have a highly disruptive effect on the outer membrane, extending the known mechanism of MAG2 to the Gram-negative outer membrane.
Favorable Outcomes of a Direct Heart Transplantation Strategy in Selected Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support.

OBJECTIVES Heart transplantation in patients supported by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been associated with poor prognosis. A specific protocol for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management encompassing patient selection, implantation strategy, and preoperative and perioperative treatment is applied at our institution. Our aim was to compare posttransplant outcomes of patients supported or not by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at the time of heart transplantation. DESIGN A large observational single-center retrospective study was conducted. The primary endpoint was overall survival after heart transplantation. Secondary endpoints included death-censored rejection-free survival and the frequency of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-related complications. SETTING One heart transplantation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation high-volume center. PATIENTS All consecutive patients over 18 years old with a first noncombined heart transplantation performed between 2012 and 2016 were included. INTERVENTIONS None (retrospective observational study). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Among the 415 transplanted patients, 118 (28.4%) were on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at the time of transplantation (peripheral, 94%; intrathoracic, 6%). Median time on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before heart transplantation was 9 days (interquartile range, 5-15 d) and median follow-up post heart transplantation was 20.7 months. Posttransplant survival did not differ significantly between the two groups (1-yr survival = 85.5% and 80.7% in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation vs nonextracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients; hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.43-1.11; p = 0.12, respectively). Donor age, body mass index, creatinine clearance, and ischemic time were independently associated with overall mortality, but not extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at the time of heart transplantation. Rejection-free survival also did not significantly differ between groups (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.60-1.23; p = 0.39). Local wound infection was the most frequent complication after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (37% of patients). CONCLUSIONS With the implementation of a specific protocol, patients bridged to heart transplantation on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation had similar survival compared with those not supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Erotic Use of Social Media Pornography in Gratifying Romantic Relationship Desires

Abstract The advent of social media platforms has revolutionized the process of information creation, dissemination and consumption. Although highly debated, pornography consumption on social media is a reality. Building on an acquisition, activation, and application model, this study investigates student’s (n = 379) gratification in romantic relationships as an outcome of their pornography consumption on social media, through the mediating effect of sexual confidence and sexual compulsivity. PROCESS macro was used to analyze the data. Results indicate that the effect of pornography consumption on a viewer’s gratification in a romantic relationship is partially mediated by sexual confidence (β = .0461, p < .001) and sexual compulsivity (β = .420, p < .001). These findings hold important contributions to current literature. Findings also indicate that pornography consumption positively and significantly aids a viewer’s sexual gratification in romantic relationships.
Genetic polymorphism in catechol‐O‐methyltransferase associated with the functional connectivity of frontostriatal circuits in first episode schizophrenia patients

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia have been associated with functional changes in frontostriatal pathways. Dysregulation of the dopamine signal in frontostriatal pathways leads to the symptomology observed in schizophrenia. Although the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) gene, one of the susceptibility genes for schizophrenia, has been associated with dopamine activities in prefrontal and striatal regions, it is still unclear whether the disease state and COMT val158met genotype have an interaction effect on the functional connectivity of frontostriatal pathways. In this study, we evaluated the possible interactions between COMT val158met variations and the disease state on the resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) of frontostriatal pathways in fifty‐one first episode schizophrenia (FES) patients (val/val: 29, met +: 22) with prominent negative symptoms and forty‐eight healthy controls (val/val: 31, met +: 17). Regions of interest were defined by the result of a meta‐analysis of frontostriatal pathways using the Neurosynth database. We found a significant genotype × disease interaction effect on the RSFC between the bilateral anterior cingulate (ACC) and right caudate, which overlapped with the main effect of the disease state. Behavioural regression analysis suggested that RSFC between the right ACC and right caudate correlated with the severity of SANS avolition–apathy scores in patients who were met carriers but not in patients who were val homozygous. Our findings suggest that the RSFC of frontostriatal pathways may differentially affected by an individual's COMT val158met genotype.
The impact of a community‐based music intervention on the health and well‐being of young people: A realist evaluation

Abstract In recent years, music‐based interventions have been utilised as a tool for improving public health, reducing inequalities and promoting well‐being of young people. Although some researchers have begun to draw links between music‐related interventions and positive health outcomes, there is little understanding as to how such effects are produced. Realist evaluations—understanding what works, for whom and under what circumstances—are a particularly apt means by which we can open this ‘black box’. In this paper, we use a realist evaluation to assess a community‐based music initiative designed and implemented to support the well‐being of disadvantaged young people in Scotland. In order to gain perspectives on the range of contextual characteristics, mechanisms and outcomes, we collected quantitative and qualitative data in the form of pre‐ and post‐questionnaires, as well as conducting interviews with beneficiaries and stakeholders. Our findings show that the intervention achieved a positive impact on the self‐confidence, well‐being and engagement of disadvantaged young people. This impact was achieved via an approach personally tailored to the individual needs of the young people; and an organisational environment characterised by trust, whereby young people felt safe to express themselves.