Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Periodic stratification in the Rhine ROFI in the North Sea

The nature of the physical regime in the vicinity of the Rhine ROFI (Region Of Freshwater Influence) has been determined in a series of collaborative observations. Extensive surveys with shipboard CTD/rosette systems have been used to complement time series observations by an array of moorings instrumented with currentmeters, transmissometers and fluorimeters. The observations reveal a highly variable system in which the influence of the freshwater input from the Rhine extends northeastwards from the source and out to 30 km from the coast. The mean flow within this region is generally parallel to the coast (northeastwards) and with surface speeds, determined by the HF radar, of 15-20 cm/s. The residual current at sub-tidal frequencies was strongly correlated with windstress-forcing with a transfer factor of ca. 1%. Water column structure exhibits marked periodic variations particulary on semidiurnal and semi-monthly time scales, the latter highlighted by contrasting post-springs and post-neaps surveys of the ROFI region. Springs tidal stirring was reinforced by strong wind (and wave) mixing which brought about complete vertical homogeneity everywhere except at the Rhine mouth. After the following neaps, and a period of light winds, the water column was observed to have re-stratified over the whole inshore region through the relaxation of the horizontal gradients under gravity and with the influence of rotation as in the model of Ou (1983). The switching of the water column regime between stratified and mixed conditions was observed to markedly change the coupling between low frequency surface and bottom currents and is also reflected in the suspended sediment variations. Generally high levels of seston throughout the coastal boundary layer in the post-springs period were followed by a dramatic reduction especially in the region which re-stratified. An interesting exception was combined occurrence of high turbidity and low salinity in surface waters due to the immediate influence of the Rhine outflow near the source.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and genotyping for population-based cervical screening in developed regions in China

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to assess the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) types and explored an acceptable strategy for cervical screening in Shenzhen, China. A total of 2717 individuals ranging in age from 30–59 years were recruited. Clinical sensitivity and specificity as well as positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were estimated. A triage strategy was regarded as acceptable when the NPV was at least 98.0%. 432 (15.9%) participants presented HPV positive. The five most prevalent HPV types were HPV52 (22.9%), HPV16 (12.7%), HPV53 (10.0%), HPV51 (8.6%), and HPV58 (8.1%). The CIN2+ risks for each HPV type were 40.0% for HPV33, 32.4% for HPV16, 18.2% for HPV58, 13.3% for HPV56, and 11.1% for HPV68 in descending order. Baseline cytology testing combined with HPV16/33/52/58 genotyping met the NPV thresholds at 98.6% with a PPV of 17.9%, demonstrating excellent clinical performance for detecting HPV types in CIN2+ patients. In conclusion, triaging HPV-positive women by baseline cytology combined with HPV16/58/33/52 genotyping is an acceptable strategy for cervical cancer screening in Shenzhen, China.
Deteriorating Outcomes after Meniscal Repair Using the Meniscus Arrow in Knees Undergoing Concurrent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background An increased awareness of the degenerative changes that occur in the knee after meniscectomy has led to efforts to salvage the injured meniscus. Numerous devices have been developed in an effort to provide the dual benefits of a durable meniscal repair and minimal invasiveness. Hypothesis The Meniscus Arrow is comparable to conventional inside-out suture repair in accomplishing long-term healing of meniscal tears. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods This study is an extended follow-up of an original series of 32 patients withoutcomes analysis. All patients underwent meniscal repair with exclusive use of the arrow. All repairs were performed in the context of a concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Follow-up assessment included physical examination, arthrometry, the International Knee Documentation Committee instrument, and the Knee Disorders Subjective History visual analog scale. Intermediate follow-up at a mean of 2.3 years yielded a success rate of 90.6%. The mean follow-up in the present study has been extended to 6.6 years. Results The extended follow-up analysis revealed a substantial attrition in the success rate of this series of patients undergoing meniscal repair with the arrow. A 90.6% success rate at a mean follow-up of 2.3 years deteriorated to 71.4% at 6.6 years. Conclusion This study provides the longest follow-up in the literature of any of the all-inside meniscal repair implants. The Meniscus Arrow demonstrated long-term meniscal healing rates inferior to those found in the literature for inside-out suture repair techniques.
Shanghai Urban Wetland Extraction and Classification with Remote Sensed Imageries Based on A Decision Tree Model

Urban wetland is an important ecological basis of Shanghai and it is characterized with complex properties.In this study,a decision tree based classification method is used to extract and classify the urban wetland information in Shanghai area.The method uses multispectral bands of Landsat-5 TM image as the main variables,and a series of derivative data as the auxiliary inputs,derived from the Landsat-5 TM images by using respectively K-T transformation,IHS transformation,principal component analysis and textural analysis.With these variables in association with the spatial characteristics of the urban wetland in Shanghai,the method builds a decision tree model for urban wetland extraction and classification.The application of the model shows that the total area of the urban wetland in Shanghai is about 1 277.40 km2.The rice cultivated area occupies the highest portion up to 65.30% of the total wetland,and the next the area of rivers,ponds,lakes and reed fields.The decision tree model based method has a relative high precision in the urban wetland extraction and classification.The classification result indicates that the overall accuracy reaches 89.05%,more than 10% increase when compared with the maximum likelihood algorithm.
First Radiocarbon Chronology for Mwoakilloa (Mokil) Atoll, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia

Abstract Given their sheer number and evidence for long-term prehistoric occupation, atolls occupy a unique position in the peopling of the Pacific. However, they have frequently been overlooked in favor of larger islands due to a host of logistical and other issues. Once viewed as marginal environments, current research is now showing that small islands like these may have been more attractive to settlers than once thought. A new research program in Micronesia is dedicated to examining atolls to better develop baseline chronologies and investigate long-term human adaptations. As part of the initial stage of the project, we present the first radiocarbon dates (n=10) from Mwoakilloa (Mokil) atoll, which support a continuous occupation beginning between 1700–1560 cal BP (2σ). When compared to the settlement of other atoll groups in Micronesia such as the Marshall Islands—along with the nearby high volcanic islands of Pohnpei and Kosrae at approximately 2000–1800 yr ago—the dates from Mwoakilloa suggest a nearly contemporaneous or only slightly later occupation. The recovery of faunal material also demonstrates the translocation of at least two animals (Pacific rat and dog) to the island by humans that was coeval with early settlement. Additionally, there is evidence of landscape transformation in the form of a relatively large artificial mound created by debris and platform accumulation unseen elsewhere in central-eastern Micronesia, but common to atolls. These new dates reinforce the notion that Mwoakilloa and other atolls are integral to understanding prehistoric adaptations across the vast Pacific, though many questions still remain such as to the degree of interaction that occurred with nearby islands and whether settlement was continuous or intermittent through time.
STRUCTURE OF THE "AMPHIOXUS SAND" COMMUNITY IN THERMAIKOS BAY (EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN)

SUMMARY The structure of the “Amphioxus sand” community in Thermaikos Bay was studied over a two-year period. The examination of the collected 4,767 specimens revealed the presence of 141 species. Gastropoda and Polychaeta were the dominant taxa. Multivariate analyses showed high similarity, whereas samples discriminated according to sediment granulometry. The degradation of this community was evident in its structure as most of the recorded macrobenthic species characterizes the organically enriched sediments.
UvA-DARE (Digital Polyamine metabolism and activation of lipid signalling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana

The family of polyamine oxidases (PAO) in Arabidopsis ( AtPAO1-5 ) mediates polyamine (PA) back-conversion, which reverses the PA biosynthetic pathway from spermine, and its structural isomer thermospermine (tSpm), into spermidine and then putrescine. Here, we have studied the involvement of PA back-conversion in Arabidopsis salinity tolerance. AtPAO5 is the Arabidopsis PAO gene member most transcriptionally induced by salt stress. Two independent loss-of-function mutants ( atpao5-2 and atpao5-3 ) were found to exhibit constitutively higher tSpm levels, with associated increased salt tolerance. Using global transcriptional and metabolomic analyses, the underlying mechanisms were studied. Stimulation of abscisic acid and jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis and accumulation of important compatible solutes, such as sugars, polyols and proline, as well as TCA cycle intermediates were observed in atpao5 mutants under salt stress. Expression analyses indicate that tSpm modulates the transcript levels of several target genes, including many involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of JA, some of which are already known to promote salinity tolerance. Transcriptional modulation by tSpm is isomer-dependent, thus demonstrating the specificity of this response. Overall, we conclude that tSpm triggers metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming that promotes salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis .
The Tourism Destination Image Formation Process: South Korean Independent Travellers to Australia

This study investigated tourism destination images by Korean independent travellers to Australia. The purpose of the study is to examine aspects of travel motivations, socio-demographic variables and Internet sources that contribute to the destination image of Australia held by Korean independent travellers. A path model was developed using important determinants of the Australian destination image formation process. The study found that destination images were significantly influenced by travel motivations, socio demographics and Internet sources. The results provide a better understanding of the relationship between the variables in the destination image formation process in a Korea and Australia context, and highlight the growing significance of Internet sources.
A Matter of Trust: How Political and Social Trust Relate to the Acceptance of Covid-19 Policies in Germany

ABSTRACT In Germany, the federal and Länder governments have been implementing policies in order to contain the spread of Covid-19 since March 2020. This article examines the effects of political and social trust on the acceptance of these policies. The latter is, in turn, a prerequisite for compliance with public policy. In a multi-level regression analysis based on two waves of survey data collected in May and November 2020, we find that trust relates to the acceptance of anti-pandemic measures. Political trust, i.e. trust in political actors and institutions has a positive effect on acceptance. Social trust, meaning the trust in other citizens is found to reduce acceptance of measures like contact restrictions. In addition, ideological positions influence the effects of both trust variables. The impact of political trust on acceptance increases with increasingly liberal positions in both survey waves, since individuals with these positions might generally be more wary of state interference. We also found an interaction between social trust and ideology during the second wave: the further respondents are on the political right, the more the negative effect of social trust on acceptance is enhanced, as these individuals might favour individualism and self-reliance in general.
Effect of plantation establishment on soil and soil water in southwestern Wisconsin.

Changes in litter weight, soil bulk density, soil nitrogen and organic carbon contents, soil water depletion, and snowpack accumulation were evaluated over 14 years of plantation growth on three different sites. The species studied were white and red pines, white spruce, and European larch, along with unplanted controls.
VFR Travellers - Visiting the Destination or Visiting the Hosts?

Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR) Travel represents a large and significant component of tourism. Despite this, VFR Travel has been largely ignored by marketing practitioners, and has remained underresearched in many domains. VFR Travel tends to be overlooked in marketing campaigns because travellers have been regarded as individuals who cannot be influenced because of their perceived minimal economic impact. However, VFR travellers are not always attracted solely by the hosts. The attractiveness of the destination can also have an influencing role on VFR trips. While little research has been done to examine these issues, this paper utilizes a whole tourism systems model to examine linkages between VFR tourists and destination regions. Comparative analysis compares VFR research undertaken in two different regions in Australia. This approach shows that VFRs are often influenced to embark on VFR trips because of the attractiveness of a destination. As such, while any region can attract VFRs because of the hosts, the attractiveness of a region as a tourist destination can influence the length of stay of visitors and as such, enhance the impact of VFR Travel on a local economy.
Influence of snow on near-surface ground temperatures in upland and alluvial environments of the outer Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories

Relations between snow cover, active-layer thickness, and near-surface ground temperatures were determined in 2005-2009 for a diverse range of alluvial and upland settings in the outer Mackenzie Delta. Here, the snow cover developed primarily by wind redistribution, with its spatial variation controlled by topography in uplands and vegetation height in allu- vial lowlands. Snow cover was the primary influence on freeze-back duration and the mean annual temperature at the top of permafrost (TTOP), with the difference in median TTOP between alluvial (-3.7 °C) and upland (-6.1 °C) settings related to the greater snow depth and soil moisture in the alluvial plain. The active layer was generally deeper in the wet alluvial low- lands, where the average duration of active-layer freeze back (101 days) was nearly double the time taken in the well-drained uplands (55 days). The surface offset (DTS; up to 11 °C) dominated the difference between annual mean air temperature (AMAT) and TTOP (DT). In alluvial terrain, DTS varied with snow depth, but in the uplands, DTS was more consistent from site to site. The small thermal offset (<2 °C) was slightly greater in alluvial terrain than in the uplands. The overall range in DT (2-10 °C) led to a range during the study of 7.2 °C in TTOP at the sites. The range in AMAT was 1.3 °C but up to 1.7 °C in TTOP at any one site. Permafrost was well established throughout the area except adjacent to channels where TTOP was close to 0 °C.
Modelling and numerical simulation of submarine sediment shallow flows: transport and avalanches

This work presents two different types of models to study submarine sediment movements and its numerical discretization by finite volume methods. First, bedload sediment transport models are introduced. They are characterized by the slow movement of the sediment layer. The movement depends on the type of interaction between the fluid and the sediment layer, that generally is very weak. Secondly, a submarine avalanches model is presented. This model takes into account the coupling between the sediment and the fluid layer. The generated tsunamis by a submarine avalanche can be studied with this model. A family of twodimensional finite volume methods is introduced. It is based on the fact that the models are invariant under rotations. Finally, two numerical tests are considered. In the first numerical test the spread angle for a sediment bump is studied. In the second one a submarine avalanche is simulated over a bottom with a rectangular bump.
A Calibration Equation for Combining Dry-Sieving and Laser-Diffraction Techniques for Assessing Grain-Size Distributions of Beach Sands

ABSTRACT Ramsdale, T.M. and Fairweather, P.G. , 2016. A calibration equation for combining dry-sieving and laser-diffraction techniques for assessing grain-size distributions of beach sands. Using laser diffraction to determine sediment grain-size distributions is faster than sieving methods; however, the results of these analytical methods can often differ. Samples are generally only analysed using one method, so the need to convert results, such as for comparison with published values or earlier data collected using different analytical techniques, may arise. To determine a calibration equation for comparing results obtained by laser diffraction to those from test sieves, natural beach-sand samples were processed by both methods and results for mean grain size, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis were compared. There was a strong, linear relationship between methods for mean grain-size values, and calibration between the two methods thus was found to be possible by using the equation: mean grain size (laser diffraction) = 1.441 (test-sieve grain size) − 16.524, in micrometres. Calibration was also possible between values derived for the sorting coefficient: sorting (laser diffraction) = 0.654 (test-sieve sorting) + 0.496. Laser diffraction–derived values were coarser, with wider grain-size distributions (indicating poorer sorting), but distributions were more symmetrical and more peaked when compared to sieving-derived values. Values for sorting coefficient, skew, and kurtosis may be affected by smoothing calculations within the laser-diffraction particle-sizing software. For these processed beach-sand samples, laser diffraction offers a faster method for grain sizing, with the tight mathematical relationship of mean grain-size and sorting values obtained between the two methods tested allowing comparison, if needed, of laser-diffraction values to sieving-derived values. This finding allows the comparison of data across studies, especially to earlier work that did not use laser-diffraction technology.
Field Study of Landslide of Swelling Rock Slope under Artificial Rainfall

In order to study the soil-water interaction mechanism and the cause of landslide of a swelling rock slope under precipitation infiltration,an artificial rainfall test was conducted on two bare swelling rock slopes with different gradients in the Luwangfen test section of the Middle-route of the S-N Water Transfer Project,the responses of infiltration intensity,water content,suction and horizontal displacement of the slope to the rainfall were monitored.The study from the monitored data proves as follows: 1.The gradient of slope and the rain intensity have no influence to the infiltration intensity when the water supply intensity exceeds the infiltration ability of slope.2. In the slope,the soil stratum is affected most severely by rainfall inside the depth of fissures,where the water content fluctuates widely in the course of wetting and drying cycles.3. The matric suction of the superficial layer will be greatly decreased owing to the existence of backwater zone.4. The invasion of water is only one inducement of the failure of a gentle swelling rock slope,while the development of fissures and the weakening of the shearing strength caused by wetting and drying cycles is the essential cause.
ultrasound: an important skill for respiratory physicians

inhalation allergens at age 11. It would therefore be most informative if the authors could provide additional data on the differences between the neonatal anthropometric data of the children with and without ceasarean section, and on the indications for caesarean sections themselves. This issue is of significant importance and of clinical relevance because, if indeed a causal relationship exists between mode of delivery and development of asthma, this would certainly make an argument against elective caesarean section for non-medical reasons. It would seem that there is currently insufficient evidence to infer a causal relationship, but it certainly seems worthwhile sorting this out.
Experimental research on microcrystalling processing of potassic shale

The potassic shale was microcrystally processed by a WJH-1.The characteristics of samples at different processing time were characterized by a laser size distribution apparatus,specific surface area instrument,SEM and XRD.The changes of particle size distribution,including d50 and d97,and the changes of specific surface area and crystal lattice were analyzed.The results show that the exponential decrease of d50 and d97 with time is achieved.The extent of decrease in the prior 1.5 h is max,the d50 decreased by 80.07% and d97 79.68%. The specific surface area increases firstly,decreases soon after and then increases slowly.A better fitting between specific surface area and energy consumption was completed using a quartic polynomial.The lattice distortion occurred,the degree of crystallization is reduced and microcrystalling processing has been take place.
Redefinition of the Lower Cretaceous terrestrial Yixianian Stage and its stratotype candidate in the Luanping basin,northern Hebei,China

The Liying-Wangjiagou section and Majuan section of the Xiguayuan Formation in Luanping County have been studied, and based on a multidisciplinary systematic study, the authors divided the section into four lithologic members, erected the conchostracan biostratigraphic succession (five zones), performed an isochronous correlation between the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning and the Xiguayuan Formation of northern Hebei, analyzed the features of superimposition of sedimentary facies and proved the continuity and cyclic variation of sedimentation. Four third-order sequences have been recognized in the section. Therefore it is proposed that the "Yixianian Stage" and its stratotype be redefined: the Liying-Wangjiagou section be taken as the unit stratotype candidate of the Lower Cretaceous Yixianian Stage, the boundary section of the Dadianzi and Xiguayuan formations as the lower boundary stratotype of Yixianian Stage and the time range of the Xiguayuan Formation of Luanping as the Yixianian Stage. The original lower substage of Yixian defined by the time range of the Dadianzi Formation of Zhangjiagou should be abolished and changed to the Zhangjiagou'an Stage.