Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management of Sclerotinia rot of mustard through bioagents

Systematic studies in laboratory, cage house and multilocation field trials were conducted (2002-03 to 2005-06) to find out the best mixed formulation of bioagent for controlling Sclerotinia rot { Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (ITCC ID No. 5784-04)} of Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea ). Out of twenty four bioagents tried five were selected for their biocontrol potential and effect on yield attributes (germination, vigour index) and grouped into different combinations for testing as seed dresser and foliar sprays. Multilocation field studies in lab and cage conditions revealed that Sclerotinia rot of mustard can be managed by seed treatment (@ 10 g/kg) and foliar spray (@ 0.2%) at 50 DAS with talc based mixed formulation (2 x 108 cfu/g) of Trichoderma hamatum (HP-20) + T. viride (Tv-1) in the ratio of 1 : 1 (w/w) followed by bioagent combination of T. harzianum (TG-1) + Gliocladium virens (Gv). Though both these combinations were statistically at par but mixed formulation of T. hamatum + T. viride were superior at most of the experimental fields. In vitro and cage house studies, some bioagents were effective but had no effect on germination and vigour index. Similarly bioagents when combined had higher potential in checking the disease than alone.
Effect of Organic and Bio N-fertilization on Growth, Productivity of Fig Tree (Ficus Carica, L.).

The present investigation was carried out during 2007 and 2008 seasons to study the effect of organic and bio N-fertilization on growth, productivity of fig trees grown in Ras - Elhekma, Matrouh Governorate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the combined effects of organic manure and bio N-fertilization on growth, productivity of fig tree. Applying poultry manure + azotobacter and poultry manure + azospirillum gave the highest number of new shoot, shoot length, leaf area, total chlorophyll, number of fruit per shoot, yield, fruit volume and fruit length in the two seasons. Also, the same treatments gave the highest TSS, acidity, total and reducing sugars content and leaf minerals content (N, P, K, Ca and Mg %) in the two seasons. The results clarified that poultry manure + azotobacter and poultry manure + azospirillum treatments gained best vegetative growth, productivity and fruit quality under this condition.
Contribution of Delayed Autonomous Selfing to Reproductive Success in Mountain Laurel, Kalmia latifolia (Ericaceae)

Abstract The release of anthers held under tension which catapult pollen onto the stigma near the end of floral life has been proposed as a mechanism for autonomous self-fertilization in normally outcrossing Kalmia latifolia. We examined the importance of this delayed autonomous self-pollination to fruit production and the efficiency of the pollen deposition mechanism under field conditions. By comparing intact open-pollinated flowers with emasculated flowers we found that autonomous self-pollination did not increase fruit production. To evaluate the efficiency of the catapult mechanism of selfing, we compared the relative fruit production of flowers that were hand-pollinated with self-pollen with those that self-pollinated spontaneously. Fruit set was higher in hand-selfed flowers than in the autonomously-selfed flowers, indicating that the natural mechanism of selfing is inefficient. Through the observation of flowers protected from pollinators we determined the natural pattern of floral phenology and anther release. The effect of timing of autonomous selfing on fruit production was assessed by manipulating the time of anther release. The timing of selfing is not related to fruit production and varies widely among flowers. Although autonomous selfing did not contribute to fruit production under natural conditions, it can assure reproduction in the absence of pollinators.
Effect of selected factors on mineral parameters in plasma of cows.

Abstract. Objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of herd, exploitation, management system, and season on blood macro and micro-minerals in cows kept in a mountainous region. The cows were kept in four herds, two exploitation manners, and two systems. Concentrations of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) were significantly differed in the factors of herd and exploitation only, levels of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) showed differences in all factors. Beef animals had higher level of P than dairy exploitation (1.59 mg.L−1 vs. 1.42 mg.L−1; P
Circulation’s Editors’ Picks: Most Important Articles Published Each Week, Part I

Claudication is the most common ischemic symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD), affecting approximately 30% of these patients and limiting pain-free walking in over 2 million Americans. There are 3 treatments available to improve these symptoms, including claudication pharmacotherapy (cilostazol), supervised exercise, and endovascular revascularization, but little data comparing their relative efficacy, harm, and cost-effectiveness. There has been a marked rise in use of invasive (percutaneous) angioplasty and stenting, while PAD exercise programs remain mostly unavailable. The Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization (CLEVER) study is an NHLBI-sponsored comparative effectiveness clinical investigation that randomly assigned 111 patients with aortoiliac PAD (the optimal anatomic site for stenting) to receive 1 of 3 treatments: optimal medical care (OMC, using home exercise and cilostazol), OMC plus supervised exercise (SE), or OMC plus stent revascularization (ST). At 6 months of follow-up (the primary end point), the improvement in peak walking time was greatest for SE, intermediate for ST, and least with OMC (mean change versus baseline 5.8±4.6, 3.7±4.9, and 1.2±2.6 minutes, respectively; P = 0.02 for ST versus OMC; and P = 0.04 for SE versus ST). Diseasespecific quality of life improved with both SE and ST compared with OMC, but the improvement was greater with ST than SE. This study demonstrates that supervised exercise treatment results in superior treadmill walking performance than stent placement for patients with aortoiliac PAD. The longer-term impact of SE and ST on functional status and health economic outcomes in individuals with aortoiliac PAD will be assessed at 18 months.
Effects of insulin deficiency on exercise-induced acute responses in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in mouse gastrocnemius muscles

Nissinen, Tuuli 2014. Effects of insulin deficiency on exercise-induced acute responses in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in mouse gastrocnemius muscles. Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyvaskyla, Master’s Thesis in Exercise Physiology, 102 p. Insulin is a hormone that plays an important role in the regulation of the metabolism of all the main nutrients. Its main function is to stimulate glucose uptake and disposal or utilization by the cells and thus to decrease blood glucose concentration. However, it also inhibits breakdown of proteins and lipids and promotes their synthesis. Type 1 diabetes is a disease in which insulin secretion is impaired because of destruction of pancreatic β-cells. It is characterized by hyperglycemia and increased reliance on fat oxidation. This is seen also as altered gene expression patterns. The purpose of this study was to look into the effects of insulin deficiency on exercise-induced acute responses in the expression of genes and the activation of signaling pathways involved in fatty acid oxidation. Male NMRI mice (n = 64) were randomly assigned into three streptozotocin-induced diabetic and three healthy groups. Two healthy and two diabetic groups performed a single one-hour bout of treadmill running (21 m/min, 2.5 incline) and were sacrificed either three or six hours after exercise. Gastrocnemius muscles were dissected and mRNA expression and protein expression and phosphorylation were analyzed with RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively. PGC-1α mRNA expression increased (p < 0.001) after exercise in both healthy and diabetic mice, but the response was higher in diabetic mice (p < 0.05). PDK4 mRNA expression increased after exercise only in diabetic mice (p < 0.05). Diabetic mice showed a more pronounced response in CPT1B mRNA six hours after exercise compared with healthy exercised mice (p < 0.05). Contrary to mRNA level results, PGC-1α protein content did not change in response to exercise when compared with sedentary counterparts of the same health status. The analysis of AMPK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation did not suggest activation of these pathways in response to exercise. Even a decrease in AMPK phosphorylation was seen six hours after exercise in healthy mice (p < 0.05) while p38 MAPK phosphorylation was decreased in diabetic mice three hours after exercise (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in proteins PDK4, CPT1B, sirtuins 1, 3 and 6, ACC or Cyt c. These results suggest that diabetic mice have more pronounced exercise-induced responses in the expression of genes related to increased fatty acid oxidation. These changes may be mediated by increased PGC-1α activation as no increases were seen in PGC-1α protein expression. The time points were not optimal for protein level analyses and thus, further studies are needed to clarify protein phosphorylation and expression changes and to find out whether the gene expression changes are reflected to the level of substrate metabolism.
EU-Rotate_N - a decision support system - to predict environmental and economic consequences of the management of nitrogen fertiliser in crop rotations.

A model has been developed which assesses the economic and environmental performance of crop rotations, in both conventional and organic cropping, for over 70 arable and horticultural crops, and a wide range of growing conditions in Europe. The model, though originally based on the N_ABLE model, has been completely rewritten and contains new routines to simulate root development, the mineralisation and release of nitrogen (N) from soil organic matter and crop residues, and water dynamics in soil. New routines have been added to estimate the effects of sub-optimal rates of N and spacing on the marketable outputs and gross margins. The model provides a mechanism for generating scenarios to represent a range of differing crop and fertiliser management strategies which can be used to evaluate their effects on yield, gross margin and losses of nitrogen through leaching. Such testing has revealed that nitrogen management can be improved and that there is potential to increase gross margins whilst reducing nitrogen losses.
6 Regulation of Nitrogen Utilization

I. INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with the changes in levels of enzymes and permeases that occur in the yeast cell in response to alterations in the availability of nitrogen sources in the growth medium. In some cases, the presence of a particular nitrogen compound in the growth medium induces the formation of the enzymes required for its utilization. Furthermore, it has long been known that the presence of nitrogen sources that support optimal growth, such as glutamine, asparagine, and ammonia, decreases the level of enzymes required for the utilization of poorer nitrogen sources, such as arginine, proline, and urea; this phenomenon has been called nitrogen catabolite repression (Cooper 1982a; Wiame et al. 1985). I consider this name, which seems to imply that the catabolism of the repressing nitrogen compounds plays a role in the regulation, to be incorrect and patently absurd when applied to ammonia. I therefore refer to the phenomenon that is the subject of this chapter by the neutral term nitrogen regulation. The proteins largely responsible for nitrogen regulation are the products of three genes, GLN3 , URE2 , and GAP1 . Gln3p is the activator of the expression of many genes whose products are responsible for the utilization of diverse sources of nitrogen, including GAP1 , the structural gene for the low-affinity, high-capacity, general amino acid permease, GAP. This permease facilitates the entry into the cell of amino acids capable of inducing the enzymes required for their own degradation and thus for their utilization as general sources of nitrogen. Ure2p disables.
Antibiogram of Escherichia coli strains isolated from food of bovine origin in selected Woredas of Tigray, Ethiopia

Escherichia coli is a food borne pathogen causing a major public health problems. The use of antimicrobials in food animals produces resistant bacteria. To determine antimicrobial resistance of E. coli species isolated from food of bovine origin, a total of 384 of milk samples (n=192) and meat samples (n=192) were collected from different sources in 1:1 ratio in selected Woredas of Tigray, Ethiopia. Samples were cultured on sheep blood agar and sub-cultured on Eosin Methylene and further sub-cultured on Biolog Universal Growth Agar (BUG media). Pure colonies were taken and suspension was made and inoculated into micro plates. The bacteria were identified by BiOLOG Identification system. Antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates was done by disk diffusion method using twenty antimicrobials and minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for resistant isolates. The study revealed that out of 384 samples of milk and meat, E. coli 0157:H7 (10.4%), E. coli, Non 157 STEC (2.6%) and E. coli enterotoxigenic (10.7%) were isolated. Antimicrobial resistance pattern of E. coli isolates (n=91) revealed high resistance against cephalothin (84.6%), chloroamphenicol (83.3%), tetracycline (88.9%), gentamicin (65.9%), but low resistance for sulphoxazole-trimethoprim (16.5%), neomycin (15.4%), streptomycin (29.7%), kanamycin (30.8%), ciprofloxacin (10%), nitrofurantoine (3.3%), norfloxon (3.3%) and ciftriaxone (9.9%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 82 (93.2%) of species. The high prevalence of 0157:H7 and enterotoxigenic and high rates of multiple drug resistance indicate there is a need for timely designing prevention and control strategies. Key words: Antimicrobial, Escherichia coli, meat, milk, resistance, zoonoses.
INSECTICIDE AND PAPAYA LEAF EXTRACT TOXICITY TO MUSTARD APHID (LIPAPHIS ERYSIMI KAL.)

A B S T R A C T Different insecticides and papaya leaf extract were studied for their toxicity and insecticidal activity to mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi). The insecticide Lambda-Cyhalothrin showed higher toxicity with LC50 value 0.57 ppm, followed by Abamectin, Imidalcoprid, Acetmiprid, Chlorpyrifos and Bifenthrin with 0.63, 0.67, 0.82 and 2.0 ppm, respectively. Insecticide resistance was not found in the aphid. Papaya extract showed a good insecticidal activity with LC50 value 87.0 ppm.
ON THE IDENTITY OF ATERGATIS FLORIDUS (LINNAEUS, 1767) AND RECOGNITION OF ATERGATIS OCYROE (HERBST, 1901) AS A VALID SPECIES FROM THE INDIAN OCEAN (CRUSTACEA: BRACHYURA: XANTHIDAE)

Atergatis ocyroe (Herbst, 1801) is separated from Atergatis floridus (Linnaeus, 1767), with which it has been considered a junior synonym for many years. Atergatis ocyroe is the common species of the northern and Western Indian Ocean whereas A. floridus occurs in Southeast Asia, Australia and the western Pacific. Atergatis ocyroe can be separated from A. floridus by marked differences in the carapace colour and patterns, by the degree of swelling of the branchial carapace regions, and by the relative proportions the ischium of the third maxillipeds. In order to stabilise the taxonomy of these two species, a neotype is designated for A. floridus (Linnaeus, 1767) and a lectotype for A. ocyroe (Herbst, 1801).
The mechanism of microalgal adhesion to fungal pellets and its applications

This work is concerned with the use of fungi to harvest microalgae. The ability of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum to harvest cells of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus ssp. was assessed in several experiments designed to elucidate the adhesion mechanism. While A. niger was able to form co-pellets with both C. vulgaris and Scenedesmus ssp. by addition of spores to the algal culture, T. harzianum only produced filamentous mats. When KCl was added to the medium, the supernatant of the co-culture with A. niger and C. vulgaris was opaque compared to the clear supernatant of the co-culture without KCl. This implies that the adhesion of microalgal cells to the fungal hyphae is influenced by electrostatic interactions. Cells of C. vulgaris adhered to the surface of pre-made pellets of both fungal species but the pellets A. niger collected more cells than those of T. harzianum. The capability of fungi to harvest microalgae can be an important aspect of the transition to a biobased society as microalgae is seen as a promising renewable source of both oil and fermentables for the bioenergy industries.
PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF SOME TURKISH GREEN BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) GENOTYPES

This study was conducted to reveal the morphological characterization of 36 green bean genotypes collected in Turkey to find out the suitable genotypes which can be used in breeding programs. Collected plant materials were grown under Antalya ecological conditions and morphological characteristics of genotypes were evaluated in accordance with UPOV criteria. Principles Component Analysis of the data obtained from morphological characterization were conducted. The results indicated that genetic variation among some bean genotypes was not high and results revealed that first three Eigen values could be used to explain the 50% of the variation among genotypes. The genotypes far from each other with respect to dendrogram can be an important source of variance and can be used in prospective breeding programs.
EFFECT OF MOYAMOYA DISEASE ON NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING IN ADULTS

OBJECTIVEMoyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular disorder characterized by progressive occlusion of vessels comprising the circle of Willis, resulting in formation of collaterals that have a cloudy appearance on angiography. Neuropsychological research on the cognitive effects of the disorder in adults has been limited in scope and generalizability; only a few case studies have been published. The current study was intended to more comprehensively document the nature of cognitive impairment in moyamoya disease by assessing a large number of adult cases with a neuropsychological assessment test battery. METHODSThirty-six adult patients with neurodiagnostically confirmed moyamoya disease were given presurgical neuropsychological assessments. RESULTSMean group performances were within normal limits for all measures assessed. The highest rate of impairment was for measures of executive functioning. The lowest rates occurred with memory and perception measures. Cognitive impairment was present in 11 (31%) of the patients; it was judged to be moderate to severe in four patients (11%). Five patients reported a mild level of depression, and two patients reported a moderate level. CONCLUSIONThe present findings suggest that moyamoya disease diagnosed in adults can impair cognition but that the effect is not as severe as in pediatric cases. Executive functioning is most affected. Memory and, to a large extent, intellect are spared. The current pattern of results suggests brain region-behavior correlations that deserve further study.
Population Responses of Surfperch Released from Competition

Previous short—term (behavioral) field experiments revealed that two temperate marine reef fish, black surfperch (Embiotoca jacksoni) and striped surfperch (E. lateralis), compete with one another along a depth gradient. Here we report abundance responses of these viviparous species following 4 yr of sustained release from competition with each other. We tested predictions derived from the short—term experiments concerning the symmetry of interspecific competitive effects on abundance. We also explored among—habitat variation in the occurrence and magnitude of density compensation. Populations of both surfperch species increased on the order of 40% at experimental (competitor—removal) sites; no change in density was detected for either species at unmanipulated control sites. These strong, reciprocal effects on density conformed with our expectations based on behavioral shifts in microhabitat use immediately following competitive release and on correlation analyses between population densities and feeding—associated resources, but not with predictions from habitat shifts (e.g., changes in depth distribution) that occurred shortly after manipulation. Density compensation was detected only in habitats (depths) where behavioral responses to competitive release had occurred (i.e., in shallow reef habitats). The correlation analyses accurately predicted variation in the relative magnitude of density compensation among habitats and among populations; predictions of the absolute changes in density based on the analyses were less accurate. Take together, these results suggest that behavioral experiments may be useful in identifying potential spatial variability in competitive effects on density. “Scaling—up” the results of behavioral experiments to project relative interspecific effects on density will be more problematic, in part because the relative demographic costs of the interaction may not be accurately portrayed.
Toxicity of zinc and the efficacy of antidotes on Labeo rohita , using atomic absorption spectroscopy

A B ST R A C T Zinc is an essential heavy metal for human diet and it plays a significant role in metabolic process. The accumulation of zinc in different organs of Labeo rohita clearly shows that the accumulation directly proportional to the exposure period. In this work an attempt has been made to study the acute toxicity of heavy metal zinc and the effect of antidotes DPenicillamine and Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (EDTA) on the selected organs of the fresh water fingerlings of Labeo rohita using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The concentration patterns in the organs of the fingerlings shows that liver is the major site to metal binding and muscle tissue accumulate least metal concentrations. It has also been observed using absorption spectroscopy that the administration of chelating agent DPenicillamine reduces the zinc concentration in all tissues more effectively than the administration of the chelating agent EDTA.
Risk Correlates of Prevalent HIV, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infections Among Noninjecting Heroin Users

Objective: To examine lifetime correlates of HIV and hepatitis B and C (HBV and HCV) infections among noninjecting heroin users (NIUs). Methods: Between March 1996 and March 2001, 483 eligible NIUs were tested for HIV, HBV, and HCV antibodies and administered structured interviews. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were stratified by injecting history. Results: Among never‐injectors (69.8%), significant (p < .05) correlates were unprotected sex with men who have sex with men (HIV and HBV), unprotected sex with NIUs (HIV), self‐reported syphilis infection (HBV), longer duration of heroin use (HBV and HCV), shorter duration of cocaine use (HIV), blood transfusion before 1986 (HIV), and having been tattooed (HCV). Among former injectors (30.2%), significant correlates were receptive syringe sharing (HIV and HBV), frequent lifetime injection (HCV), longer duration of sexual activity (HBV), and having been tattooed (HCV). Conclusion: Never‐injectors infected with HIV and HBV appear to have become infected mainly through sexual transmission, whereas former injectors appear to have become infected with HIV and HCV mainly though injecting risk and with HBV through both injecting and sexual risk. Interventions targeted at NIUs should prevent unsafe sex as well as the initiation or resumption of injecting. In addition, unhygienic tattooing, which may lead to HCV exposure, should be a focus of prevention efforts.