Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vertical Transmission and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Yeast Isolates from the Oral Cavity, Gut, and Breastmilk of Mother–Child Pairs in Early Life

Yeast acquisition begins at birth; however, the contribution of the mother on yeast transmission to the offspring and associated resistance is yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to explore the vertical transmission of yeasts and their antifungal susceptibility profile in early life. Oral, fecal, and breastmilk samples were collected from 73 mother–child pairs four to twelve weeks after delivery and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol. The isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. The vertical transmission was studied by microsatellite genotyping. Antifungal susceptibility was determined for fluconazole, voriconazole, miconazole, anidulafungin, and nystatin by broth microdilution assay, following CLSI–M60 guidelines. A total of 129 isolates were identified from 53% mother–child pairs. We verified the vertical transmission of Candida albicans (n = three mother–child pairs) and Candida parapsilosis (n = one mother–child pair) strains, including an antifungal resistant strain transmitted from breastmilk to the gut of a child. Most isolates were susceptible to the tested antifungals, with the exception of four C. albicans isolates and one R. mucilaginosa isolate. The vertical transmission of yeasts happens in early life. This is the first work that demonstrated the role of the mother as a source of transmission of antifungal-resistant yeasts to the child.
The Greifswald Post COVID Rehabilitation Study and Research (PoCoRe)–Study Design, Characteristics and Evaluation Tools

(1) Background: COVID-19 is often associated with significant long-term symptoms and disability, i.e., the long/post-COVID syndrome (PCS). Even after presumably mild COVID-19 infections, an increasing number of patients seek medical help for these long-term sequelae, which can affect various organ systems. The pathogenesis of PCS is not yet understood. Therapy has so far been limited to symptomatic treatment. The Greifswald Post COVID Rehabilitation Study (PoCoRe) aims to follow and deeply phenotype outpatients with PCS in the long term, taking a holistic and comprehensive approach to the analysis of their symptoms, signs and biomarkers. (2) Methods: Post-COVID outpatients are screened for symptoms in different organ systems with a standardized medical history, clinical examination, various questionnaires as well as physical and cardiopulmonary function tests. In addition, biomaterials are collected for the analysis of immunomodulators, cytokines, chemokines, proteome patterns as well as specific (auto)antibodies. Patients are treated according to their individual needs, adhering to the current standard of care. PoCoRe’s overall aim is to optimize diagnostics and therapy in PCS patients.
Anomalous migration in simulated oscillatory pressure-driven flow of a concentrated suspension

Simulation by Stokesian dynamics of a suspension of noncolloidal spheres flowing in a monolayer channel under the action of a sinusoidally oscillating axial pressure gradient has been performed. The migration behavior is markedly different from the case of a unidirectional pressure-driven flow, where migration is to the centerline. For a range of the characteristic strain undergone by the suspension in a flow half-cycle, denoted S and defined as the mean axial distance traveled by the suspension divided by the channel half-width, particles are found to migrate away from the flow centerline. Strains of 0.1<S<1.5 are found to yield migration toward the walls for φA,bulk=0.4 and the two ratios of channel width (H) to particle radius (a) studied here, H/a=18.3 and H/a=30.5. A particle is found to interact with the same near neighbors throughout the flow when the migration is toward the walls.
Far-field Fano resonance in nanoring lattices modeled from extracted, point dipole polarizability

Coupling and extinction of light among particles representable as point dipoles can be characterized using the coupled dipole approximation (CDA). The analytic form for dipole polarizability of spheroidal particles supports rapid electrodynamic analysis of nanoparticle lattices using CDA. However, computational expense increases for complex shapes with non-analytical polarizabilities which require discrete dipole (DDA) or higher order approximations. This work shows fast CDA analysis of assembled nanorings is possible using a single dipole nanoring polarizability extrapolated from a DDA calculation by summing contributions from individual polarizable volume elements. Plasmon resonance wavelengths of nanorings obtained using extracted polarizabilities blueshift as wall dimensions-to-inner radius aspect ratio increases, consistent with published theory and experiment. Calculated far-field Fano resonance energy maximum and minimum wavelengths were within 1% of full volume element results. Considering polarizability allows a more complete physical picture of predicting plasmon resonance location than metal dielectric alone. This method reduces time required for calculation of diffractive coupling more than 40 000-fold in ordered nanoring systems for 400–1400 nm incident wavelengths. Extension of this technique beyond nanorings is possible for more complex shapes that exhibit dipolar or quadrupole radiation patterns.
Loading Distribution Effects on Separated Flow Transition of Ultra-High-Lift Turbine Blades

The suction side boundary-layer evolution in two ultra-high-lift low-pressure turbine blade cascades, characterized by the same Zweifel number but two different aerodynamic loading distributions, has been experimentally analyzed under steady and unsteady incoming flows. For the steady inflow case, a suction side boundary-layer separation has been detected for both cascades. Time-mean velocity and unresolved unsteadiness distributions have been exploited to survey the dynamics of the separated flow transition mode. The spectral analysis reveals that only the midloaded cascade is affected by a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability that induces the separated shear layer rollup, which provokes high losses. Results obtained for the unsteady case reveal that linear stability mechanisms drive the amplification of velocity fluctuations carried by wakes with dynamics similar to that characterizing the steady inflow condition. A rollup vortex has been found to be generated for both cascades as a consequence of the wake–shea.
HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION FROM CTA 1

Observations indicate that there is a pulsar in CTA 1 and the pulsar powers a synchrotron pulsar wind nebula (PWN) embedded in a larger supernova remnant. We investigate high-energy photon emission from the CTA 1 in such a case. The emission is divided into pulsed and unpulsed components. For the pulsed emission, we calculate the gamma-ray spectrum in the vacuum outer gap model. For the unpulsed component, we calculate the spectra of nonthermal photons produced in the PWN on the frame of time-dependent pulsar wind model. Our results indicate that high-energy gamma rays are dominated by those produced in the pulsar (i.e., the pulsed component is dominant), but very high energy gamma rays are dominated by those produced in the PWN and will be detected by VERITAS, although the CTA 1 is a weaker TeV emitter.
Conservation and Management of Protected Areas in China and India: A Literature Review (1990–2021)

Protected areas (PAs) are key to biodiversity conservation. As two highly populous and biodiverse countries, China and India are facing similar socioenvironmental pressures in the management of PAs. A comparative analysis of studies of PA policies in these two countries provides an objective assessment of policy concerns. This study involved a bibliometric analysis of studies of PA policies in China and India. Relevant publications were retrieved from the Web of Science and Scopus. The analysis was carried out using the Bibliometrix R Package, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer. The results indicate that PA policies studies in China are growing at an exponential rate, while Indian studies were cited significantly more often. “Environmental protection” was the main focus of the Chinese studies, with top keywords including “forest ecosystem” and “strategic approach”. In India, research was mainly focused on “wildlife management”, and the top keywords were “climate change” and “ecosystem service”. Studies from both countries were concerned with natural resource conservation and endangered species. Studies in India began relatively earlier and were more developed. India focused on people-related themes, while China emphasized strategic approaches. China is improving its system of PA and should learn from India to consider the relationship between environmental protection and people.
The physics of grain-grain collisions and gas-grain sputtering in interstellar shocks

Grain-grain collisions and ion sputtering destroy dust grains in interstellar shocks. An analytical theory is developed for the propagation of shock waves in solids driven by grain-grain collisions, which compares very favorably with detailed numerical calculations. This theory is used to determine the fraction of grain vaporized by a grain-grain collision. Our results predict much less vaporization of colliding grains in interstellar shocks than previous estimates. This theory can also be used to determine the fraction of a colliding grain that melts, shatter, or undergoes a phase transformation to a higher density phase. In particular, the latter two processes can be much more important in interstellar shocks than vaporization. The sputtering of grains by impacting gas ions is reanalyzed based upon extensive laboratory studies and a theoretically derived 'universal'sputtering relation. The analytical results are compared to available experimental studies of sputtering of graphite/amorphous carbon, SiO2, SiC, Fe, and H2O. Sputtering yields for astrophysically relevant materials as a function of impact energy and ion mass are derived. These yields are also averaged over thermal impact spectrum and simple polynomial fits to the resulting yields as a function of temperature are presented. The derived sputtering yields are similar to those adopted in previous studies, except for graphite near threshold where the new yields are much larger due to a lower adopted binding energy. The ion bombardment will amorphitize the surface layers of interstellar grains. It will also convert graphite into hydrogenated amorphous carbon (HAC) to a depth of 10-20 A. It is suggested that these HAC surfaces are the carriers of the 3.4 micrometer absorption feature in the interstellar medium.
Adaptive pedestrian dynamics based on geodesics

Here, we report on a new approach for adaptive path finding in microscopic simulations of pedestrian dynamics. The approach extends a widely used concept based on scalar navigation fields—the so-called floor field method. Adopting a continuum perspective, navigation fields used in our approach correspond to the shortest distances to the pedestrian's targets with respect to arbitrary metrics, e.g. metrics depending on the local terrain. If the metric correlates inversely with the expected speed, these distances could be interpreted as expected travel times. Following this approach, it is guaranteed that virtual pedestrians navigate along the steepest descent of the navigation field and thus follow geodesics. Using the Eikonal equation, i.e. a continuum model, navigation fields can be determined with respect to arbitrary metrics in an efficient manner. The fast marching method used in this work offers a fast method to solve the Eikonal equation (complexity N log N, where N is degree of freedom). Increasing computational efforts with respect to classical approaches only mildly, the consideration of locally varying metrics allows a realistic adaptive movement behavior like the avoidance of certain terrains. The method is outlined using a simple cellular automaton approach. Extensions to other microscopic models, e.g. cellular automata approaches or social force models, are possible.
Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Human Strengths

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Duplex Coating Combing Vanadate-Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxide and Ce-Doped Sol–Gel Layers on Aluminum Alloy for Active Corrosion Protection

In this study, a duplex coating system (LDH-V/SG-Ce) of vanadate-intercalated layered double hydroxide (LDH) and Ce-doped sol–gel (SG) layers was developed for the purpose of active corrosion protection of the aluminum alloy AA2024. ZnAl-LDH film was grown in situ on the surface of an aluminum alloy using a hydrothermal method and intercalated with V2O74− anions as corrosion inhibitors, and sealed with a Ce (III)-doped silane coating using a sol–gel technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used to analyze the microstructure, surface functional groups and structure of the LDH-V/SG-Ce film. The uniform and compact silane layer was covered both in the pores and on top of the LDH film. The results of glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) indicated that V2O74− and Ce (III) ions were loaded in the LDH layer and silane film, respectively. The potentiodynamic polarization results showed that the corrosion current density of the bilayer system in the presence of corrosion inhibitors was reduced to 1.92 × 10−8 A/cm2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results showed that the LDH-V/SG-Ce duplex coating could provide effective protection for the aluminum alloy after being exposed to a corrosive solution for 14 days.
Structure and dynamics of round turbulent jets

Laser‐induced fluorescence and particle streak velocity measurements were conducted to investigate the structure and dynamics of round turbulent jets. The results suggest that the far‐field region of the jet is dominated by large‐scale vortical structures, which appear to be axisymmetric or helical a large part of the time. Entrainment and mixing of the reservoir fluid with the jet fluid is found to be intimately connected with the kinematics of these structures. Unmixed reservoir fluid is found to reach and cross the jet axis.
Peculiar Ca2+ Homeostasis, ER Stress, Autophagy, and TG2 Modulation in Celiac Disease Patient-Derived Cells

Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory intestinal disease caused by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals by genetically predisposed individuals. Constitutive differences between cells from CD patients and control subjects, including levels of protein phosphorylation, alterations of vesicular trafficking, and regulation of type 2 transglutaminase (TG2), have been reported. In the present work, we investigated how skin-derived fibroblasts from CD and control subjects responded to thapsigargin, an endoplasmic reticulum ER stress inducer, in an attempt to contribute to the comprehension of molecular features of the CD cellular phenotype. We analyzed Ca2+ levels by single-cell video-imaging and TG2 activity by a microplate assay. Western blots and PCR analyses were employed to monitor TG2 levels and markers of ER stress and autophagy. We found that the cytosolic and ER Ca2+ level of CD cells was lower than in control cells. Treatments with thapsigargin differently activated TG2 in control and CD cells, as well as caused slightly different responses regarding the activation of ER stress and the expression of autophagic markers. On the whole, our findings identified further molecular features of the celiac cellular phenotype and highlighted that CD cells appeared less capable of adapting to a stress condition and responding in a physiological way.
Does Positive Thinking Help during Difficult Pandemic Times? The Role of Positive Orientation in the Relationship between Fear of COVID-19 and Perceived Stress

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a huge challenge for the modern world. How people perceive themselves and their coping abilities is important for their mental health and well-being. One of the traits that may be important in effectively coping with difficulties is positive orientation: a stable cognitive disposition that is the opposite of depression and is associated with a positive perception of oneself, one’s life, events, and the future. This study aimed to verify the role of positive orientation in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress. A sample of 907 Polish people took part in this study. FOC-6, P Scale, and PSS-10 questionnaires were used in the presented cross-sectional study. The analysis showed that women scored higher in fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress scores than men (Cohen’s d indicated a moderate effect). There was no significant difference in the levels of positive orientation. P Scale results were significantly related to fear of COVID-19 (small effect) only for the whole studied sample, and not for women and men considered separately. Fear of COVID-19 was positively related to the perceived stress score (moderate effect). Positive orientation was negatively related to the PSS-10 scores (also moderate effect) for all tested groups. Fear of COVID-19 and positive orientation were significant predictors of perceived stress scores. The mediation effect of positive orientation was statistically significant, but the effect size was marginally small. Positive orientation is an important predictor of perceived stress, which could be related to the COVID-19 pandemic. People with a positive orientation better cope with the challenges of the pandemic and are optimistic about the future. Working on positive orientation can improve well-being and reduce tension, which is extremely important in difficult pandemic times.
Lethal and sub-lethal effects of Cordyceps fumosorosea on the demography and biochemistry of Phenacoccus solenopsis

ABSTRACT The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, is a highly invasive pest of cotton. The use of entomopathogenic fungi as a bio-pesticide could provide an alternative to current chemical control measures that preserve the environment and biodiversity, and ensures good quality of crops. Lethal, sub-lethal and trans-generational studies are needed to assess the effects of myco-insecticides on such pests. The pathogenicity of different spore concentrations of Cordyceps fumosorosea Wize was assessed against second-instar nymphs by immersion while focusing on lethal (LC50) and sub-lethal (LC30) spore concentration treatments of C. fumosorosea on filial (F0) and first filial (F1) generations. After treatment at LC50 and LC30 spore concentrations of C. fumosorosea, the progeny of P. solenopsis showed reduced nymphal duration, adult longevity and fecundity as compared with controls. Also, total pre-oviposition period (TPOP), adult pre-oviposition period (APOP) and oviposition days (Od) were reduced with the increasing spore concentration of C. fumosorosea. In addition, population growth parameters such as net reproductive rates (Ro) and mean generation time (T) were dramatically reduced. The level of expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), esterases (EST), acid and alkaline phosphatases (ACP, ALP) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) were also examined. Significant expression of EST, GST, ALP, ACP and AChE (7.15, 4.51, 4.54, 2.80 and 8.32 μmol/min of mg/ml protein), respectively were observed at 8 × 107 conidia/mL of C. fumosorosea. Pathogenicity even at sub-lethal doses as well as the production of detoxifying enzymes indicates that C. fumosorosea is the most effective fungus against P. solenopsis.
Direct numerical simulation of free convection over a heated plate

Abstract Direct numerical simulations of free convection over a smooth, heated plate are used to investigate unbounded, unsteady turbulent convection. Four different boundary conditions are considered: free-slip or no-slip walls, and constant buoyancy or constant buoyancy flux. It is first shown that, after the initial transient, the vertical structure agrees with observations in the atmospheric boundary layer and predictions from classical similarity theory. A quasi-steady inner layer and a self-preserving outer layer are clearly distinguished, with an overlap region between them of constant turbulent buoyancy flux. The extension of the overlap region reached in our simulations is more than 100 wall units $ \mathop{ ({\kappa }^{3} / {B}_{s} )}\nolimits ^{1/ 4} $ , where ${B}_{s} $ is the surface buoyancy flux and $\kappa $ the corresponding molecular diffusivity (the Prandtl number is one). The buoyancy fluctuation inside the overlap region already exhibits the $\ensuremath{-} 1/ 3$ power-law scaling with height for the four types of boundary conditions, as expected in the local, free-convection regime. However, the mean buoyancy gradient and the vertical velocity fluctuation are still evolving toward the corresponding power laws predicted by the similarity theory. The second major result is that the relation between the Nusselt and Rayleigh numbers agrees with that reported in Rayleigh–Bénard convection when the heated plate is interpreted as half a convection cell. The range of Rayleigh numbers covered in the simulations is then $5\ensuremath{\times} 1{0}^{7} \text{{\ndash}} 1{0}^{9} $ . Further analogies between the two problems indicate that knowledge can be transferred between steady Rayleigh–Bénard and unsteady convection. Last, we find that the inner scaling based on $\{ {B}_{s} , \hspace{0.167em} \kappa \} $ reduces the effect of the boundary conditions to, mainly, the diffusive wall layer, the first 10 wall units. There, near the plate, free-slip conditions allow stronger mixing than no-slip ones, which results in 30 % less buoyancy difference between the surface and the overlap region and 30–40 % thinner diffusive sublayers. However, this local effect also entails one global, substantial effect: with an imposed buoyancy, free-slip systems develop a surface flux 60 % higher than that obtained with no-slip walls, which implies more intense turbulent fluctuations across the whole boundary layer and a faster growth.