Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for kilometre-scale Neogene exhumation driven by compressional deformation in the Irish Sea basin system

Abstract Large tracts of the NW European continental shelf and Atlantic margin have experienced kilometre-scale exhumation during the Cenozoic, the timing and causes of which are debated. There is particular uncertainty about the exhumation history of the Irish Sea basin system, Western UK, which has been suggested to be a focal point of Cenozoic exhumation across the NW European continental shelf. Many studies have attributed the exhumation of this region to processes associated with the early Palaeogene initiation of the Iceland Plume, whilst the magnitude and causes of Neogene exhumation have attracted little attention. However, the sedimentary basins of the southern Irish Sea contain a mid–late Cenozoic sedimentary succession up to 1.5 km in thickness, the analysis of which should permit the contributions of Palaeogene and Neogene events to the Cenozoic exhumation of this region to be separated. In this paper, an analysis of the palaeothermal, mechanical and structural properties of the Cenozoic succession is presented with the aim of quantifying the timing and magnitude of Neogene exhumation, and identifying its ultimate causes. Synthesis of an extensive apatite fission-track analysis (AFTA), vitrinite reflectance (VR) and compaction (sonic velocity and density log-derived porosities) database shows that the preserved Cenozoic sediments in the southern Irish Sea were more deeply buried by up to 1.5 km of additional section prior to exhumation which began between 20 and 15 Ma. Maximum burial depths of the preserved sedimentary succession in the St George's Channel Basin were reached during mid–late Cenozoic times meaning that no evidence for early Palaeogene exhumation is preserved whereas AFTA data from the Mochras borehole (onshore NW Wales) show that early Palaeogene cooling (i.e. exhumation) at this location was not significant. Seismic reflection data indicate that compressional shortening was the principal driving mechanism for the Neogene exhumation of the southern Irish Sea. Coeval Neogene shortening and exhumation is observed in several sedimentary basins around the British Isles, including those along the UK Atlantic margin. This suggests that the forces responsible for the deformation and exhumation of the margin may also be responsible for the generation of kilometre-scale exhumation in an intraplate sedimentary basin system located >1000 km from the most proximal plate boundary. The results presented here show that compressional deformation has made an important contribution to the Neogene exhumation of the NW European continental shelf.
The Influence of the Lactation Period and the Type of Milk on the Content of Amino Acids and Minerals in Human Milk and Infant Formulas

(1) Background: This study investigated the effect of the lactation period and the type of infant formula on the content of amino acids and selected minerals in an infant’s food; (2) Methods: The study material consisted of breast milk (colostrum, n = 38; transitional milk, mature milk, n = 38) and three types of infant formulas (for first and follow-on feeding). Amino acid content was determined using an automatic amino acid analyzer, while minerals were determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) technique; (3) Results: Breast milk and infant formulas contained a full range of essential amino acids. In most cases, the content of individual amino acids and minerals decreased with increasing lactation. In infant formulas, there were higher contents of phenylalanine, glutamic acid, proline, serine, and tyrosine in follow-on milk (p < 0.05). The EAA/TAA ratio in breast milk and infant formulas was similar, but the milk differed in their qualitative composition. Infant formulas contained levels of individual minerals that were several times higher—especially Mg, Ca, Mn, and Fe. ; (4) Conclusions: Colostrum is more concentrated, and the level of amino acids and minerals is higher in it; as the milk matures, it decreases. In most cases, the content of individual amino acids and minerals is higher in infant formulas than in human milk, which is established through strict Codex Alimentarius procedures to ensure the proper development of infants.
EFECTO DE DOS INOCULANTES MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES (BASE LÍQUIDA Y SÓLIDA) EN EL CULTIVO DEL TRIGO DURO (Triticum durum)

A field research was conducted at the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (INCA), with the objective of testing the effectiveness of two mycorrhizal inoculants, LicoMic® and EcoMic®, compared to the standard fertilization dose as well as a control without biofertilizers or mineral fertilization in hard wheat on a Rhodic Nitisol soil. The mycorrhizal variables: % colonization, % visual density, endophyte weight (mg.g 1 ), total (glomalin) glycoprotein (mg.g -1 soil) and leaf analysis (% N, P and K) were performed, besides yield (t.ha -1 ) and its components: grain number.spike -1 , spike number.m -2 and 1000-grain weight (g). The experimental work was developed on a randomized block two-way classification design with five treatments: 1. absolute control; 2. LicoMic®- recovered seed+50 % N; 3. LicoMic®-sprayed seed+50 kg.ha -1 N; 4. Production control (100 kg.ha -1 N, 54 kg.ha -1 P and 70 kg.ha -1 K); 5. EcoMic®+50 kg.ha -1 N. Results proved the positive action of biofertilizers on mycorrhizal variables, stan- ding out LicoMic®. On the other hand, wheat crop showed an adequate nutritional level on N, P and K macroelement leaf analyses. Yield and its components achieved better results when applying liquid and solid mycorrhizal inoculants followed by mineral fertilization. RESUMEN. En el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agricolas (INCA) se realizo un experimento de campo, con el objetivo de probar la efectividad de dos inoculantes micorrizicos, liquido (LicoMic®) y solido (EcoMic®), en comparacion con la dosis de fertilizacion estandar, asi como un testigo sin biofertilizantes ni fertilizacion mineral en el cultivo de trigo duro sobre un suelo Nitisol Rodico. Se analizaron las variables micorrizicas: porcentaje de colonizacion y densidad visual, masa del endofito (mg.g -1 ), glicoproteina (glomalina) total (mg.g -1 suelo), analisis foliar (% N, P y K), ademas del rendimiento (t.ha -1 ) y sus com- ponentes: numero de granos.espiga -1 ; numero de espigas.m -2 y masa de 1000 granos (g). El trabajo experimental se desarro- llo sobre un diseno de clasificacion doble en bloques al azar con cinco tratamientos: 1. testigo absoluto; 2. LicoMic® recubriendo la semilla+50 % N; 3. LicoMic® asperjado a la semilla+50 kg.ha -1 N; 4. testigo de produccion 100 kg.ha -1 N, 54 kg.ha -1 P y 70 kg.ha -1 K; 5. EcoMic®+50 kg.ha -1 N. Los resultados demostraron la accion positiva de los biofertilizantes sobre las variables micorrizicas, destacandose el LicoMic®. Por otra parte, el cultivo del trigo mostro un nivel nutricional adecuado en el resultado del analisis foliar de los macroelementos N, P y K. El rendimiento y sus componentes fueron mejores con el uso de los inoculantes micorrizicos li- quido y solido seguido de la fertilizacion mineral.
Effects of the Ionic Liquid Structure on Porosity of Lignin-Derived Carbon Materials

Converting lignin into advanced porous carbon materials, with desirable surface functionalities, can be challenging. While lignin-derived carbons produced by pyrolysis at >600 °C develop porosity, they also simultaneously lose nearly all their surface functional groups. By contrast, pyrolysis of lignin at lower temperatures (e.g., <400 °C) results in the formation of nonporous char that retains some surface functionalities. However, copyrolysis of lignin with some ionic liquids (ILs) at lower temperatures offers an opportunity to produce porous carbon materials with both large surface areas and an abundance of surface functional groups. This study investigates the effects of IL properties (solubility, thermal, and ionic size) on the specific surface areas of lignin-derived carbons produced by copyrolysis of lignin and ILs at 350–400 °C for 20 min. It was found that ILs that have bulky anions and small cation sizes can induce porosity in lignin-derived carbons with large surface areas. Among 16 ILs that were tested, [C2MIm][NTF2] demonstrated the best performance; the inclusion of it in the copyrolysis process resulted in lignin-derived carbons with ∼528 m2 g–1 and 0.48 cm3 g–1. Lignin-derived carbons produced using no IL, [C2MIm][NTF2], and [C4MIm][OTF] were further characterized for morphology, interfacial chemical, and elemental properties. The copyrolysis of lignin and [C2MIm][NTF2], and [C4MIm][OTF] resulted in doping of heteroatoms (N and S) on the porous carbon materials during pyrolysis reaction. The present findings contribute to a better understanding of the main property of ILs responsible for creating porosity in lignin carbon during pyrolysis.
Socio-economic impacts of natural disasters: a gender analysis

This document was prepared by Sarah Bradshaw, consultant for the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), under the supervision of the Women and Development Unit, in close collaboration with the Sustainable Development and Human Settlements Division and the ECLAC Subregional Headquarters in Mexico City, in the framework of the Project Improve damage assessment methodology to promote natural disaster mitigation and risk reduction awareness and preparedness in Latin America and the Caribbean" (ITA/99/130). The paper analyses the socio-economic effects of hurricane Mitch using a gender approach and proposes new analysis indicators for crisis situations that may better reflect Women's disadvantageous position relative to men. The first section of the document discusses key concepts used in gender and disaster analysis, in the context of the region and hurricane Mitch. The following section examines the direct and indirect impacts, and looks at how they have affected women, as well as the responses to Mitch at three levels: first, that of individuals and their strategies for coping with the crisis; second, the actions of governments and the coordinated bodies of civil society; and third, reconstruction initiatives carried out by national and international organizations. The final section attempts to draw together the salient points and challenges suggested by the analysis. It also offers some recommendations for integrating this approach into future emergency and reconstruction scenarios and for reducing Women's current vulnerability. "
A methodology for efficiently populating faulted corner point grids with strain

This article describes an algorithm to compute finite strain in faulted corner point grids using the software Havana. The algorithm is based on a simple fault displacement formula, and a volumetric computation of strain in the grid's deformed configuration. The volumetric computation of strain is tested by comparing the finite strain of a 3D trishear model calculated by this method, with that calculated by the tetrahedrons method. The agreement between both methods confirms the validity of the volumetric strain computation. The algorithm is applied to synthetic models of one and three intersecting normal faults, and to a real model with seven faults, the Emerald Field. In all cases the computed finite strain is consistent with the fault network and with the variation of slip along the faults. There is one parameter that affects the computation significantly: the drag radius (rd) or extent of folding across a fault. Low rd models yield high finite strain and strain gradients but limited fault interaction, and vice versa. Using empirical relations between fault throw and damage zone width, rd can be narrowed down and further constrained by evaluating the quality of the grid's restoration. The strain algorithm can be integrated easily into a reservoir modelling workflow and in stochastic modelling. The algorithm provides criteria for conditioning the distribution of deformational features within the reservoir zones affected by faulting, based on the magnitude of finite strain.
Linking Green Human Capital, Green Transformational Leadership, Green Dynamic Capabilities, and Green Innovation: A Moderation Model

Although the notion of green human capital (GHC), as a critical component of green intellectual capital (GIC), has acquired significant attention among researchers and practitioners, its relationship with green innovation (GI) performance continues to remain unclear. The present research aims to address this knowledge gap by distinguishing GI adoption and integration in the context of developing countries, i.e., Morocco. Based on natural resource-based view (NRBV), this study evaluates the direct effect of GHC on GI. Most importantly, this research examines the moderating role of green dynamic capabilities (GDCs) and green transformation leadership (GTL) on the link between GHC and GI. Using a quantitative exploratory approach, data were obtained from 201 knowledge-intensive SMEs in Morocco. PLS Path Modeling (PLS-SEM) is applied to test the hypotheses. The results demonstrated that GTL is a critical underlying mechanism that moderates GHC and GI’s relationship. However, results confirmed the negative moderation of GDCs for the relationship between GHC and GI. This research opens up a new way for environmental management practices that can help knowledge-intensive SMEs to achieve green products and process innovation. Thus, this study incites top management teams (TMT) to give more importance to GHC as a critical source of green business innovation and sustainable competitive advantage.
The Resistance and Virulence Characteristics of Salmonella Enteritidis Strain Isolated from Patients with Food Poisoning Based on the Whole-Genome Sequencing and Quantitative Proteomic Analysis

Objective This paper explores the drug resistance, genome and proteome expression characteristics of Salmonella from a food poisoning event. Methods A multidrug-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis strain, labeled as 27A, was isolated and identified from a food poisoning patient. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing determined the resistance of 27A strain to 14 antibiotics. Then, WGS analysis and comparative genomics analysis were performed on 27A, and the functional annotation of resistance genes, virulence genes were performed based on VFDB, ARDB, COG, CARD, GO, KEGG, and CAZY databases. Meanwhile, based on iTRAQ technology, quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted on 27A to analyze the functions and interactions of differentially expressed proteins related to bacterial resistance and pathogenicity. Results Strain 27A belonged to ST11 S. Enteritidis and was resistant to levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, piperacillin, and ampicillin/sulbactam. There were 33 drug resistance genes, 384 virulence genes and 2 plasmid replicon, IncFIB(S) and IncFII(S), annotated by WGS. Proteomic analysis revealed significant changes in virulence and drug proteins, which were mainly involved in bacterial pathogenicity and metabolic processes. PPI prediction showed the relationship between virulence proteins and T3SS proteins, and PagN cooperated with proteins related to T3SS to jointly mediate the invasion of 27A strain on the human body. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that S. Enteritidis has potential transmission in humans, food, and animals. Conclusion This study comprehensively analyzed the drug resistance and virulence phenotypes of S. Enteritidis 27A using genomic and proteomic approaches. These helps reveal the drug resistance and virulence mechanisms of S. Enteritidis, and provides important information for the source tracing and the prevention of related diseases, which lays a foundation for research on food safety, public health monitoring, and the drug resistance and pathogenicity of S. Enteritidis.
Comparison of Single and Dual Probes for Measuring Soil Thermal Properties with Transient Heating

Storage and transfer of heat in soils is governed by the soil thermal properties and these properties are therefore needed in many agricultural and engineering applications. In this paper we discuss solutions of the heat flow equation applicable to single and dual probe transient heating methods, and describe measurements made on air-dry sand to show how these methods can be used to obtain soil thermal properties. Measurements show that the two methods yield similar values of thermal conductivity. When determining thermal conductivity from the single probe data, it is best to use nonlinear curve fitting and to include a correction term in the model to account for the presence of the probe. Measurements of volumetric heat capacity made by using the dual probe heat-pulse method agreed well with independent estimates obtained using the de Vries method of summing the heat capacities of the soil constituents. The advantage of using the dual probe method together with the appropriate heat-pulse theory rather than the single probe is that all three soil thermal properties, the thermal diffusivity, volumetric heat capacity, and thermal conductivity, can be determined from a single heat-pulse measurement. Instantaneous heat-pulse theory can be used with the dual probe method to determine heat capacity from short duration heat-pulse data, but it should not be used to determine the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity.
Households, settlements, and landscapes in Iron Age, Roman, and early medieval Northumbria : a spatial analysis of North-East England, c. 100 BC-AD 800

This thesis argues that the spatial organisation of the built environment in north-eastern England between c. 100 BC-AD 800 reflects the complexities of culture contact, the transmission of ideas, and social change. It is suggested here that the examination of space and place in Britain between the late Iron Age (c. 100 BC-AD 43), Roman (c. AD 43-410) and Early Medieval (c. AD 410 to 800) periods can be used to analyse the changes and/or continuities in socio-cultural ideas and traditions. Two study regions to the north and south of Hadrian’s Wall within the boundaries of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria are analysed using established and innovative computational techniques to understand what affect, if any, the inhabitants of Iron Age and Roman Britain had on the shape of the Early Medieval built environment. Settlement data was compiled into a Geographical Information System and established spatial analysis techniques that focus on site placement were combined with an innovative use of Visibility Graph Analysis to quantitatively analyse the spatial organisation of households and communities between c. 100 BC and AD 800. Visibility Graph Analysis is used to statistically measure the visual arrangement of built space in order to examine continuities or disruptions to the organisation of structures and settlements. The results alter our understanding of this period by revealing broad continuities in the spatial organisation of the built environment across the analysed time periods. This suggests that regional identity was influential in the formation and use of the built environment in the two study regions between c. 100 BC and AD 800. This has significant implications for understanding how Britain was transformed over the longue duree between the Iron Age and Early Medieval periods. These findings suggest that continuities in the spatial arrangement and organisation of the built environment are indicative of gradual change rather than abrupt disruption, and adds to current debates on how regions of Britain were transformed between late prehistory and the early historic era.
Hydraulic Gradients and Flow Rates of a Shallow Coastal Plain Aquifer in a Forested Riparian Buffer

Water table gradients were measured and saturated flow rates estimated for a hillslope consisting of a tilled upland field and a downslope riparian forest buffer system located in the Gulf-Atlantic Coastal Plain Tifton-Vidalia Uplands. Three years of water table measurements and estimates of saturated hydraulic conductivity were used to evaluate and quantify saturated water flow gradients, directions, and rates. Forest treatments consisting of clear cutting, thinning, and no cutting were examined. The gradient of the water table from the top of the landscape to the bottom varied from 0.9 to 0.2%, less than the 1.5% land slope. The direction of groundwater flow generally followed the land slope. However, during summer months the hydraulic gradient within the forested buffer reversed direction. Water table data indicate the riparian area was saturated from January through March. During this time, flow direction in the shallow aquifer is from the top of the field to the stream bottom. During summer months, high rates of forest evapotranspiration created large water sinks in the shallow subsurface and large local hydraulic gradients. Examination of water table elevations indicates the seasonal water demand of the forest shifts the direction of shallow subsurface aquifer flow. During these periods flow direction within the riparian buffer was from the lowest landscape position to the riparian forest, reversed from winter months. Total subsurface flow within the hillslope was calculated as 35 mm yr–1, 3% of average annual precipitation. Average groundwater linear velocity was calculated as 1.4 mm h–1. Evapotranspiration loss was estimated as 67% of average annual precipitation.
Analyzing Business Feasibility: A Comprehensive Study Using Hamdi's Method

The current study examines the efficacy of Hamdi's method, which utilizes the gold value method (GVM) and the gold index (GI) to calculate business feasibility studies on the financial aspect. The GVM serves as an alternative to the net present value (NPV) method, while the GI acts as a substitute for the profitability index (PI). The objective is to investigate whether the feasibility decision results of Hamdi's method align with the conventional approach, which uses NPV and PI, widely applied in academia. To this end, the researchers conducted a case study on Mr. Win's tofu small industrial business in Pekanbaru. The findings suggest that the feasibility decision outcome using GVM aligns with that of the NPV calculation, and the feasibility decision outcome using GI aligns with that of the PI calculation. As such, Hamdi's method presents a viable option for assessing the feasibility of a business on the financial aspect and contributes to the existing calculation method in this domain.
Microbial Activity in High-Sulfur Reclaimed Coal Mine Overburden Sites

The high-sulfur containing coalmine overburden (OB) dumping ground of the Tirap colliery under the northeastern coalfields in Assam, India, was reclaimed by phytoremediation techniques. Native plant species were planted with line and field methods and by amending with cow dung and unmined soil. In this study, the changes in microbial activity of the reclaimed mine OB wasteland of the Tirap colliery are examined. The enzyme activities of urease, dehydrogenase, and phosphatase were compared over time. Improvements in soil pH, bulk density, and water-holding capacity in the mine OB were found. After four years of reclamation, 1.01% of particles were soil sized (=0.255 mm grain size) with the maximum degradation in the mine OB grain sizes of −20 mm to +12 mm and of +25 mm. A 1,000-fold increase in microbial colony forming units (CFU) in the four years at the remediated site along with an increase in total DNA were evident for the mine OB reclaimed sites. The increase of microbial CFUs in the mine OB was related to a 100- to 2,000-fold increase in enzyme activity for the reclaimed areas. From this investigation, it can be concluded that the improvement of enzyme activities and the increase in microbial populations of reclaimed mine OB will yield information pertaining to the reclamation index of mine OB.