Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complete genome of the barotolerant Listeria monocytogenes RO15 strain and comparison with other strains isolated from food and food processing environments

Background: High pressure processing (HPP; i.e. 100 - 600 MPa pressure depending on product) is a non-thermal preservation technique adopted by the food industry to decrease significantly foodborne pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes, from food. However, susceptibility towards pressure differs among diverse strains of L. monocytogenes and it is unclear if this is related to their genomic content. Here, we tested the barotolerance of 10 different L. monocytogenes strains, from food and food processing environments and widely used reference type strains, to pressure treatments with 400 and 600 MPa. Genome sequencing and genome comparison of the tested L. monocytogenes strains were performed to investigate the relation between genomic profile and pressure tolerance.Results: None of the tested strains were tolerant to 600 MPa. A reduction of more than 5 log10 was observed for all strains after 1 minute 600 MPa pressure treatment. L. monocytogenes strain RO15 showed no significant reduction in viable cell counts after 400 MPa for 1 minute and was therefore defined as barotolerant. Genome analysis of so far unsequenced L. monocytogenes strain RO15, 2HF33, MB5, AB199, AB120, C7, and RO4 allowed us to compare the gene content of all strains tested. This revealed that the three most pressure tolerant strains had more than one CRISPR system with self-targeting spacers. Furthermore, several anti-CRISPR genes were detected in these strains. Pan-genome analysis showed that 10 prophage genes were significantly associated with the three most barotolerant strains.Conclusions: L. monocytogenes strain RO15 was the most pressure tolerant among the selected strains. Genome comparison suggests that there might be a relationship between prophages and pressure tolerance in L. monocytogenes.
Gender Differences in Academic Grades versus Absenteeism for Medical Sciences Students

Background: Learning environment and academic performance can be investigated from various aspects. Numerous interfering factors make this issue a complex one. The aim of this study is to understand the role of absenteeism on the overall score of medical sciences students and to consider the difference between male and female students.Methods: Academic performance was evaluated using the overall grades. Assessments of students and absence rate were tracked in two consecutive semesters (January–April 2019 and September–December of the same year), followed by sequential alignment to evaluate and correlate males (n=43) and females (n=72) results. During the semester, all teaching and assessment methods were unified to both sections to mitigate any confounding results from the teaching method to either section. Academic activities were assessed automatically and subjectively. SEKONIC SR-3500 HYBRID Machine was used to correct and analyze the answers of multiple-choice questions of the Midterm and final examination. Objective marks were compiled with the scores of the subjective answers to generate the final academic degree. These overall marks were correlated and statistically analyzed with the absence rates.Results: Preliminary data of the mean scores between male and female students during three semesters were statistically significant (**** p<0.0001). To correlate marks with absenteeism, the correlation coefficient (r) was in a negative value which indicates an inverse correlation between X (absence rate) and Y data (scores). But, a statistically significant correlation was found in the male section (**p= 0.0011 for the first semester; *p= 0.0255 for the second semester) but no significance was observed with the female scores (p= 0.2041; p=0.1537). Conclusions: The results show that female marks are not solely dependent on class attendance but probably other factors were involved such as self-learning, motivation and group discussion. The female mean scores were significantly higher in five semesters in a row compared to male students. Male overall scores prove to be conditioned with the instructor explanation. The finding indicates a gender variation in the academic performance measured by overall grades taking absenteeism rate into account.
Metabolic mechanism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under different physiological conditions based on non-stationary 13C metabolic flux analysis

Crabtree effect is well known for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and is defined as glucose-induced repression of respiratory flux. Even though a number of hypotheses have been formulated, its triggering mechanisms are still unknown. At present, the information about intracellular metabolic flux can be obtained by the 13C isotope labeling experiments. 13C metabolic flux analysis(13C-MFA) is a traditional method for calculating metabolic flux based on isotopic steady state. Another new method (INST-13C-MFA: Isotopically nonstationary metabolic flux analysis) based on isotope non-steady state is being used by researchers. In this review, we have chemostatized S. cerevisiae at three different dilution rates (D=0.12, 0.22, 0.32 h-1) and obtained the metabolic flux distribution of the intracellular central carbon metabolic of S. cerevisiae using INST-13C-MFA. Combined with the metabolome and metabolic fluxome data, we found obvious metabolic flux shift under the three different physiological states. In this process, pyruvate decarboxylase, ethanol dehydrogenase and acetyl-CoA synthase(AcCoA) catalyzed reactions were key points. Negative correlation between relative flux of embden meyerh of pathway(EMP) and tricarboxylic acid cycle(TCA) and biomass yield, while positive correlation for pentose phosphate pathway(PPP) were observed. Yield of acetate and glycerol did not change significantly, while that of ethanol increased sharply. In the central carbon metabolism (CCM), most of the carbon flux (70%) was directed to the EMP. At the same time, the energy charge increased with dilution rate, and the cell's energy supply mode gradually shifted from oxidative respiration to substrate level phosphorylation mode.
Study of the gas phase composition of plasma produced from N2/O2 mixtures

An expanding thermal plasma, operated on argon, is used to dissociate mixtures of N2 and 02. The particles produced in the plasma interact with each other bath in the gas phase and at the walls of the plasma reactor. It turns out that molecules like NO, N20 and N02 are formed. The goal of this project is to determine the contributions of bath types of interactions to the total chemistry, leading to these new molecules. The conversion of N2 and 02 into NO, N02 and N20 is investigated by varying the ratio of admixed flows of N 2 and 02, keeping the tot al flow constant. For all the different conditions studied, the concentrations of the stable molecules in the plasma are determined with a mass spectrometer. An absolute calibration procedure for this mass spectrometer is presented, which enables to measure the concentrations of the various stable molecules in the plasma within an accuracy of 10 %. At admixed flow fractions of (02)jcp(02 + N2) > 95 %, the observed concentrations of NO can be explained with only gas phase interactions. At lower fractions of admixed 02, surface interactions must be dominant. At low fractions of the admixed 02: (02)jcp(02 + N2) < 5%, no NO is observed at all, when the total pressure in the plasma reactor is higher than 20 Pa. Increasing the admixed 02 results in a quadratic increase of the NO density as a function of the admixed 02 flow. At the same time, a peak in the N20 density is observed for (02)jcp(02 + N2) < 5%. This can be explained by assuming that N20 is formed at the reactor walls and NO is formed by a dissociation of N20 by 0 atoms in the gas phase. The threshold behavior of NO at low fractions of admixed 02 disappears when the pressure is reduced, but the peak in the N20 density does not change significantly. This indicates that an extra gas phase destruction mechanism of NO occurs, most likely N + NO ---+ N2 + 0, which is less efficient at lower pressures. The maximum partial pressure of N 0 is found to be a fraction of 4% of the part i al pressure of N 2 + 02, not strongly dependent on the pressure and admixed total flowsof N2 and 02. This indicates that a balance between NO formation reactions, bath in the gas phase and at the walls of the reactor, and dissociation reactions, in the gas phase, is present.
MusicCohort: Cross-sectional feasibility study of an assessment protocol for student musicians

This study examined the feasibility of employing an assessment battery developed in Germany, investigating mental and physical health of university music students, in Canada. Using a cross sectional design, first-semester music and control students were recruited at two university campuses. Eligibility criteria were: 1) first-semester, full-time undergraduate music major (case) or in another university program (control), 2) over the age of 16. Exclusion criteria were: 1) diagnosis of neurological, orthopaedic or psychological condition, 2) diagnosis of infection or systemic disease, 3) regular consumption of medication for pain or mental health diagnosis, 4) varsity athlete, 5) for controls only, enrollment in music courses where a grade is assigned for music performance (e.g. studio lessons). Both groups completed questionnaires and physical testing, including range of motion, core strength and pressure pain threshold. Data for 19 music and 50 control students were analysed. Musician participants demonstrated tendencies towards poorer mental and physical health. This German protocol is feasible in a Canadian university setting. Canadian music students demonstrate similar mental and physical health outcomes to those in the literature and in the parent study. The results of this feasibility study should be confirmed in a larger study.
An Empirical Study on Expected Return Models with Reference to Bonus Issues and Stock Splits in Indian Share Market

This article will evaluate the Expected Return Models (ERM) in event study methodology in the Indian share market. Three main return models, namely, Market Model (MM), Market-Adjusted Model (MAAM), and Mean-Adjusted Model (MEAM) use with an intension to know the any variations in Average Abnormal Return (AAR) and Cumulative Average Abnormal Return (CAAR) on event day of the bonus issues and stock split actions. Total 240 bonus issues and 200 stock Samples are selected from SP it means that bonus issue impact on stocks changes based on different classifications. Stock Split issue events abnormal returns on event day similar in all models. Still, returns are not the same in all classifications; it means that split issue impact on stocks changes based on different classifications. It is also concluded that bonus and split events results are the same in all three expected return models but results varied in sample classifications.
Ultrafast studies of reactive intermediates

ion of Fl. In benzene, the lifetime of Fl is 100 ± 12 ps, the same as that in cyclohexane, within experimental error, indicating that Fl does not react with benzene before its relaxation to the lower energy triplet state. It is the singlet-triplet equilibrium mixture of Fl which reacts with benzene solvent. The excited fluorenylidene Fl, probed at 370 nm, has a lifetime of 16 ps in cyclohexene. The lifetime is shorter than that observed in cyclohexane and may be an indication that the excited carbene reacts with neat cyclohexene. Reactions of an excited, open shell singlet carbene with alkenes need not be stereospecific as is the case with the lower energy closed shell singlet carbenes. This could be responsible for some of the non-stereospecific product formed in neat alkene. The lifetime of Fl is 19 ps in benzene, similar to the values obtained in acetonitrile and cyclohexane. This indicates that Fl does not react with benzene. 5.2. 4. Methanol The results obtained in methanol (Figure 5.5), an excellent trap of singlet carbenes, differ substantially from those obtained in acetonitrile and cyclohexane. The broad absorption of the DAF excited state is still formed within the laser pulse. The 211 subsequent decay of transient absorbance in the 370 nm region, with a time constant of 11 ps, is not accompanied by the growth of the 415 nm band of Fl. But Fl is readily visible 7 ps after the laser pulse. As the Fl signal decays, a broad new band, centered at 515 nm, forms. The decay of Fl and the growth of the 515 nm band share the same time constant (22 ps). The lifetime of the carrier of the 515 nm band is 5 ps (Figure 5.6). Figure 5.5. Transient spectra were generated by ultrafast LFP (λex = 308 nm) of 9diazofluorene in methanol with time windows of (a) 2–15 ps and (b) 15–40 ps.
Risk of Cerebrovascular Events in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Background: There has been increasing attention on cerebrovascular events (CVEs) following SARS-CoV-2. The goal of this study was to better depict the short-term risk of CVEs and its associated factors among SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized patients. Methods: This multicenter, multinational observational study includes hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients from North and South America (United States, Canada, and Brazil), Europe (Greece, Italy, Finland, and Turkey), Asia (Lebanon, Iran, and India), and Oceania (New Zealand). The outcome was the risk of subsequent CVEs. The counts and clinical details of the patients with and without a CVE were received according to a predefined protocol. Quality, risk of bias, and heterogeneity assessments were conducted according to ROBINS-E and Cochrane Q-test. The risk of subsequent CVEs was estimated for individual states/districts, countries, continents, and within industrialized countries through meta-analyses with random effect models. Bivariate logistic regression was used to determine the parameters with predictive outcome value. The study was reported according to the STROBE, MOOSE, and EQUATOR guidelines. Findings: We received data from 26,133 hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients from 99 tertiary centers in 65 states/districts. A total of 17,774 patients were included in meta-analyses. Among them, 156 patients had a CVE complication—123(78·8%) ischemic stroke, 27(17·3%) intracerebral/subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 6(3·8%) cerebral sinus thrombosis. The meta-analyses indicated an overall 0·3%-1·2% risk of CVEs. Dependency on a ventilator and the presence of ischemic heart disease were predictive of CVEs. Interpretation: Although there is an increased risk of CVEs among SARS-CoV-2 patients, the risk is comparable to other viral infections and critical conditions. Funding: None Declaration of Interest: Neither I (Ramin Zand, corresponding author) nor any of the co-authors have a financial, commercial, legal, or professional relationship with other organizations, or with the people working with them, that could influence our presented research. Ethical Approval: The study receivedapproval bythe Institutional Review Board of Geisinger Health System and other participating institutions when it was required.
Scientific Reports: The Role Of Airborne Moments In The Spread Of The Coronavirus And The Course Of The Pandemic

: A numerical study using Weather Research Forecast model and Lagrangian HYSPLIT dispersion model was conducted to understand the meteorological factors influencing the transport and mixing of the blob of Corona virus-filled micro-particles (of radius 0.12  m) released into the atmosphere due to coughing, sneezing by infected patient. The study is offered as an important contribution demonstrating the role of local atmospheric dynamics in coronavirus spread during the period of March 9 – April 6, 2020 in New York City, the epicenter of the coronavirus in the USA. The results demonstrate that from the initial time of release, the virus can spread up to 30 minutes in air, covering a 200-m radius at a time, moving 1 – 2 km from the original source. Turbulence energy containing large-scale horizontal “rolls” and vertical thermal “updrafts” and “downdrafts” contribute to transport and advection processes, before small-scale turbulent eddies rapidly mix and dilute virus concentration.
Validation of the Developed Eating Activities Questionnaire in Working People with Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study

: Objectives: There are only a few functional evaluations that non-medical personnel can perform and in-terpret without guidance. Here, we have created a questionnaire that focused on eating activities, which can be used to evaluate motor function easily because most people could relate to eating activities. This study aimed to verify the reliability and validity of the developed questionnaire by comparing it with clinical evaluations for upper extremity function. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients who have cerebrovascular disease history with disabilities in the upper limb were included in the study. The questionnaire on eating activities was answered by the patients themselves. Upper extremity function was evaluated with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). Work efficiency was evaluated with the General Aptitude Test Battery. Reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by test-retest reliability. Validity was evaluated using a correlation analysis. Results: The study included 16 participants. The results indicated that all items had sufficient reliability. The correlation between the questionnaire score of the hand and the FMA score of the wrist, hand, and arm was statistically significant. Conclusions: The developed questionnaire was reliable and significantly related to clinical evaluation of upper extrem ity functions. This questionnaire is of great value to patients with stroke to understand their functions.
Agronomic performance of Raphanus sativus L. cultivars grown under different spacings

An ideal spacing between plants should be established for the optimization of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) crops since the plant spatial distribution of plants affects the crop yield. This study was conducted aiming to evaluate the agronomic performance of radish cultivars grown under different spacings. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Field of the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Maranhão, in Codó, MA, Brazil, from June to July 2017. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with five replications, using a 2×2 factorial arrangement. The factors consisted of 2 cultivars (Sparkler Ponta Branca and Saxa) and 2 spacings between plants (5 and 8cm), totaling 20 experimental plots. Data were collected in 6 plants from each experimental plot. The agronomic parameters: total fresh weight (TFW), root fresh weight (RFW), root mean diameter (RMD), root means length (RML), and root yield (RY) of the radish plants were evaluated. The factors (cultivars and spacing between plants) had no significant effect on TFW, RFW, RML, and RMD. The spacing between plants has a significant effect on the yield of radish crops of the cultivar Saxa, and higher yields are found when using the spacing of 5cm.
Infrequent home-cooked meal consumption is related to the inadequacy of dietary fibre and minerals intake among Japanese adults aged 18-64 years: analysis from the 2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey

Background: Consumption of home-cooked meals may lead to better nutritional intake. Few studies have examined the effect of frequency of home-cooked meal consumption on inadequacy of nutritional intake based on nutritional standards. We therefore aimed to examine the association between the frequency of home-cooked meal consumption and nutrient intake inadequacy among Japanese adults.Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the 2015 National Health and Nutrition survey in Japan, involving 921 men and 1300 women aged 18–64 years, a cross-sectional survey. The frequency of home-cooked meal consumption was determined using two questions enquiring about the frequency of eating out and take-away meals. Data on dietary intake were collected using a one-day semi-weighed household dietary record. The inadequacy of each nutrient intake was assessed by comparing estimated average requirement (EAR) level for 14 nutrients and the range of the dietary goal (DG) for seven nutrients according to the 2015 version of the Dietary Reference Intake for Japanese. Participants were stratified into three groups based on the frequency of consuming home-cooked meals. Group differences in EAR and DG were assessed using the covariate and logistic regression analysis, respectively.Results: Among men and women, the proportion of participants who consumed home-cooked meals almost every day and meals prepared out of home at least once a day were 34.9% and 46.8%, and 14.7% and 6.3%, respectively. A higher frequency of consumption of home-cooked meals was associated with higher intake and adequacy of dietary fiber and minerals (iron, calcium, potassium etc.), and with higher intake of vegetables and lower intake of oils.Conclusions: Low frequency of home-cooked meal consumption was associated with insufficient intake of dietary fiber and multiple mineral intakes among Japanese adults. Dietary fiber and mineral intake may need to the focus of interventions aimed at improving nutrient intake in individuals who predominantly eat food prepared away from home.
Expression Analysis of Recombinant Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin in Three Host Systems: E. coli BL21C, Sf insect cell lysate and COS-1 mammalian cells

Mammalian cells are the recommended host for recombinant eukaryotic protein production aimed at incorporation of post-translational modifications for downstream applications. The bacterial system and insect cells are widely used because of ease of technical methodology, economics of production, purification and yield of final protein. The present research objective was expression of recombinant reproductive hormones of animal origin and study of their immunogenic potential for reproductive applications. The equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) is one of the most heavily glycosylated protein amongst all glycoprotein hormone family. Hence, experiments were carried out to observe its expression in the three most popular host systems and it led to comparative studies for their post-translational modifications. The Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG, also called as eCG) gene was cloned in TOPO-TA vector, pIX 4.0 and pTARGET vectors accordingly and expression analysis in E. coli BL21C, Sf insect cell lysate and COS-1 cells was carried out. We observed diverse sizes of recombinant proteins in SDS-PAGE analysis which indicated post-translational modification in mammalian expression system towards the linking of tags as well as side chains in respective host cells. Basic diagnostic immunogenicity tests showed encouraging results, however, no significant in vivo and in vitro activity was observed for the expressed reCG in all the employed host systems.