Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pre-, syn-, and post-imbrication deformation of carbonate slices along the southern Quebec Appalachian front — implications for hydrocarbon exploration

Thrust-imbricated shelf-carbonate slices form a wide but poorly understood part of the southernmost Quebec Appalachian structural front. Comprehensive structural analysis of two slices exposed at surface, the Saint-Dominique and Philipsburg slices, shows that pre- and post-imbrication structures are important in defining the final architecture of the slices. The dominant structural style is characterized by thrusts and associated asymmetrical folds, tear faults, oblique ramps and incipient backthrusts developed during WNW–ESE shortening. A forward-breaking (piggy-back) sequence of thrusting is recognised, as well as minor out-of-sequence thrusting. The complexity and diversity of contractional structures is directly influenced by lithology (bed thickness and shale content). Bedding-parallel slip planes are important in the concentration (activation and reactivation) of deformation, in that there are the loci for veining, faulting, and folding. Recognition of lithostructural units provides guidelines for t.
Stratigraphical relationships and a revised lithostratigraphical nomenclature for the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic rocks of the offshore East Irish Sea Basin

Abstract The Lower Permian and Triassic successions of the offshore East Irish Sea Basin are probably the thickest of the United Kingdom Continental Shelf or UK mainland, but currently, no hierarchical lithostratigraphy exists for this offshore area. A summary is presented of the first comprehensive hierarchical lithostratigraphical nomenclature scheme to be established for the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic rock successions of the offshore East Irish Sea Basin. This scheme, which has been sponsored by interested exploration companies, identifies 25 formal lithostratigraphical divisions following the methodology already established in BGS-UKOOA (British Geological Survey-United Kingdom Offshore Operators’ Association) revisions of North Sea lithostratigraphy. Sixteen new lithostratigraphical names are introduced (nine in the Mercia Mudstone Group, one in the Sherwood Sandstone Group, three each within the Permian and Carboniferous successions). The lithology, wireline log characteristics and nature of the lower boundary are discussed briefly for each lithostratigraphical unit, together with correlations to the adjacent onshore successions where appropriate. Formal definitions of lithostratigraphic units, including type and reference sections are fully documented elsewhere. The aims of this study are to rationalize the existing terminology and to provide a practical scheme that will have the widest acceptance within the oil industry.
Hub overload and failure as a final common pathway in neurological brain network disorders

Abstract Understanding the concept of network hubs and their role in brain disease is now rapidly becoming important for clinical neurology. Hub nodes in brain networks are areas highly connected to the rest of the brain, which handle a large part of all the network traffic. They also show high levels of neural activity and metabolism, which makes them vulnerable to many different types of pathology. The present review examines recent evidence for the prevalence and nature of hub involvement in a variety of neurological disorders, emphasizing common themes across different types of pathology. In focal epilepsy, pathological hubs may play a role in spreading of seizure activity, and removal of such hub nodes is associated with improved outcome. In stroke, damage to hubs is associated with impaired cognitive recovery. Breakdown of optimal brain network organization in multiple sclerosis is accompanied by cognitive dysfunction. In Alzheimer’s disease, hyperactive hub nodes are directly associated with amyloid-beta and tau pathology. Early and reliable detection of hub pathology and disturbed connectivity in Alzheimer’s disease with imaging and neurophysiological techniques opens up opportunities to detect patients with a network hyperexcitability profile, who could benefit from treatment with anti-epileptic drugs.
Temporal and latitudinal trends in the biodiversity of European Atlantic Cenozoic gastropod (Mollusca) faunas. A base for the history of biogeographic provinces

A general overview of the biodiversity of the marine fauna during the Tertiary period is developed in the context of the biogeographical evolution of the European realm. This study combines a reappraisal of the literature with a unique first-hand source of data on the richest marine group (the gastropods) from over a 25 million year period (Early Oligocene to Late Miocene). In total the French deposits have yielded more than 10,000 species from the Eocene to the Upper Miocene. Evidence of significant bias in the fossil record is pointed out for the Palaeocene (Danian) and Upper Eocene (Priabonian). For the period considered (Palaeocene to Late Miocene, ca 50 million years) the second highest diversity is reported in the Late Oligocene. This study reveals also the importance of pre-Miocene extinctions of genera. The Oligocene was when the latitudinal differentiation of the faunas was greatest. The local generic gastropod richness ranges from 59 (Rupelian of Belgium) to 494 (Chattian of Aquitaine). A clear trend towards homogenization appears in the Late Oligocene which leads to the development of a vast biogeographical region named Euro-West Africa. This faunal evolutionary pattern has never been demonstrated before and is a novel feature of the biogeography of the Eastern-Atlantic region.
Geochemical studies at four northern Nevada hot spring areas. [Kyle Hot Springs, Leach Hot Springs, Buffalo Hot Springs, and Beowave Hot Springs]

Water samples from both hot and cold sources in the hydrologic areas surrounding the hot springs were collected and analyzed. Analyses of major, trace, and radio-element abundances of the water samples and of associated rock samples are presented. From this study it is possible that trace- and major-element abundances and/or ratios may be discerned which are diagnostic as chemical geothermometers, complementing those of silica and alkali elements that are presently used. Brief discussions of mixing calculations, possible new chemical geothermometers, and interelement relationships are also included.
The seasonal variation of the CO2 flux over Tropical Asia estimated from GOSAT, CONTRAIL, and IASI

We estimate the CO2 flux over Tropical Asia in 2009, 2010, and 2011 using Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) total column CO2(XCO2) and in situ measurements of CO2. Compared to flux estimates from assimilating surface measurements of CO2, GOSAT XCO2 estimates a more dynamic seasonal cycle and a large source in March–May 2010. The more dynamic seasonal cycle is consistent with earlier work by Patra et al. (2011), and the enhanced 2010 source is supported by independent upper air CO2 measurements from the Comprehensive Observation Network for Trace gases by Airliner (CONTRAIL) project. Using Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) measurements of total column CO (XCO), we show that biomass burning CO2 can explain neither the dynamic seasonal cycle nor the 2010 source. We conclude that both features must come from the terrestrial biosphere. In particular, the 2010 source points to biosphere response to above‐average temperatures that year.
Chapter 4 Geophysical evidence for the structure of the crust and upper mantle of the Tanzania Craton and the Gregory Rift Valley

The past three decades have seen an upsurge in geophysical fieldwork across the East African Rift Valley in Kenya (KRISP: the Kenya Rift International Seismic Project; Prodehl et al . 1994; Fuchs et al . 1997) and in Ethiopia (Project EAGLE: the Ethiopia Afar Geophysical Lithosphere Experiment; Yirgu et al . 2006). In northern Tanzania, in 1994, A. A. Nyblade and co-workers established an array of broadband receivers in northern Tanzania, the Tanzania Broadband Seismic Experiment, TBSE (Nyblade et al . 1996) that, together with interpretation of earlier commercially acquired data, have provided new insights into the present-day structure of the Tanzania Craton and the Mozambique belt. Although in many experiments data have also been acquired for the Western Rift, attention will be confined in the following section to observations on the northern Tanzania and southern Kenya sectors of the Gregory Rift Valley. The interpretation of gravity data alone does not give a unique solution because Bouguer anomalies can reflect lateral changes in: (i) the density of the crust; (ii) the density of the upper mantle; (iii) the depth to the crust/mantle interface, the Moho; or (iv) a combination of these possible variables. Gravity measurements can, when combined with data from seismic experiments and measured rock densities, lead to integrated models for the structure of the crust and upper mantle, but it is relevant to discuss here the results obtained by individual disciplines. Northern Tanzania lies on the southern margin of a broad, regional, negative Bouguer anomaly around 350±50 km wide and with an amplitude of 800 g.u. relative to a background value of −1200 g.u. (Fig. 4.1). The anomaly, which is highest in Kenya and decreases southwestwards, lies slightly to the west of the present-day rift valley, strikes NNE and is superimposed on a wider 1000 km negative …
Age constraints on metamorphism and the development of a metamorphic core complex in Fiordland, southern New Zealand

Fiordland, southern New Zealand, contains two primary geologic components: an elongate core comprising high-pressure (>12 kbar) granulite facies orthogneisses (western Fiordland orthogneiss) and a structurally overlying mid-Paleozoic plutonic-metasedimentary complex with subordinate metavolcanics (Tuhua Sequence). The contact between these two components is a major structural discontinuity or decollement hitherto defined as the Doubtful Sound thrust, but reinterpreted here as a ductile shear zone separating lower and upper crustal plates generated during continental extension. Strongly lineated Lower Cretaceous mylonites occur throughout this zone; they formed prior to separation of New Zealand from Australia (at ∼80 Ma). Continental rifting was accompanied by increased heat flow, silicic to mafic magmatism, and the widespread resetting of mineral isotopic systems. Thus, in terms of its overall tectonic setting and tectonothermal history, Fiordland bears a striking resemblance to the metamorphic core complexes of the North American Cordillera.
The Nonsulfide Zinc Deposit at Accha (Southern Peru): Geological and Mineralogical Characterization

The Accha-Yanque zinc belt is located in the southern Altiplano of Peru, a major zinc-rich metallogenic province hosting a number of economic mineral deposits (porphyry copper and skarn ores). Several nonsulfide-type occurrences, showings, and mineral deposits are situated in a belt, peripheral to the northern, northeastern, and northwestern edge of the Oligocene-(Miocene? ) Yauri-Apurimac batholith. Mineralization is hosted in breccias of both sedimentary and tectonic origin in the limestones of the Middle to Upper Cretaceous Ferrobamba Formation. Primary ores belong to the carbonate replacement deposit type and are at least in part structurally controlled. Currently, the Zn mineralization is almost fully oxidized: the Accha deposit can be assigned to both direct replacement and wall-rock replacement types. The mineralized zone (indicated resources 5.1 Mt @ 8.2% Zn and 0.9% Pb) occupies the hinge of an anticlinal dome that has been exposed by erosion. The southern limb of the structure dips about 55° to the south-southwest, whereas its northern limb is truncated by faults. The nonsulfide concentrations, consisting of a mineralized zone 5 to 20 m thick, are continuous along strike to the west for at least 700 m. The mineralogy of the Accha deposit shares many characteristics with that of the typical carbonate-hosted calamine-type nonsulfide Zn ores. The nonsulfide mineral association consists mainly of smithsonite and hemimorphite replacing both primary ore minerals and carbonate host rocks. Hydrozincite has been detected only in samples near the surface. Smithsonite occurs in zoned concretions with goethite, Mn (hydr)oxides and Zn clays, as well as replacive cement in the limestone intervals. One of the most peculiar nonsulfide Zn minerals at Accha is a sauconite-like, zincian smectite, variably concentrated throughout the deposit. Locally sauconite occurs as replacement of detrital feldspars and/or detrital fragments occurring in marly sediments or in infills of karst cavities. It also replaces both hemimorphite and smithsonite deposited during earlier stages. The age of the supergene products in the whole belt is poorly constrained, although there is geomorphologic evidence that the formation of supergene minerals postdates by more than 10 m.y. the last large-scale secondary enrichment event that terminated with central Andean climatic desiccation at ~15 Ma. The age of the Accha deposit may be consistent with a Pliocene K-Ar date of 3.3 ± 0.2 Ma obtained for supergene alunite from the top part of the leached cap in the nearby Cotabambas Cu deposit.
GOBAI-O2: temporally and spatially resolved fields of ocean interior dissolved oxygen over nearly 2 decades

Abstract. For about 2 decades, oceanographers have been installing oxygen sensors on Argo profiling floats to be deployed throughout the world ocean, with the stated objective of better constraining trends and variability in the ocean's inventory of oxygen. Until now, measurements from these Argo-float-mounted oxygen sensors have been mainly used for localized process studies on air–sea oxygen exchange, upper-ocean primary production, biological pump efficiency, and oxygen minimum zone dynamics. Here, we present a new four-dimensional gridded product of ocean interior oxygen, derived via machine learning algorithms trained on dissolved oxygen observations from Argo-float-mounted sensors and discrete measurements from ship-based surveys and applied to temperature and salinity fields constructed from the global Argo array. The data product is called GOBAI-O2, which stands for Gridded Ocean Biogeochemistry from Artificial Intelligence – Oxygen (Sharp et al., 2022; https://doi.org/10.25921/z72m-yz67); it covers 86 % of the global ocean area on a 1∘ × 1∘ (latitude × longitude) grid, spans the years 2004–2022 with a monthly resolution, and extends from the ocean surface to a depth of 2 km on 58 levels. Two types of machine learning algorithms – random forest regressions and feed-forward neural networks – are used in the development of GOBAI-O2, and the performance of those algorithms is assessed using real observations and simulated observations from Earth system model output. Machine learning represents a relatively new method for gap filling ocean interior biogeochemical observations and should be explored along with statistical and interpolation-based techniques. GOBAI-O2 is evaluated through comparisons to the oxygen climatology from the World Ocean Atlas, the mapped oxygen product from the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project and to direct observations from large-scale hydrographic research cruises. Finally, potential uses for GOBAI-O2 are demonstrated by presenting average oxygen fields on isobaric and isopycnal surfaces, average oxygen fields across vertical–meridional sections, climatological seasonal cycles of oxygen averaged over different pressure layers, and globally integrated time series of oxygen. GOBAI-O2 indicates a declining trend in the oxygen inventory in the upper 2 km of the global ocean of 0.79 ± 0.04 % per decade between 2004 and 2022.
Positive Error Orientation as a Promoter of the Learning Process in Organizations

Objective: through the recognition of how important a procedural approach is to the study of individual learning from errors, in this article, we propose and test a model of orientation to individual learning from one’s own error. Methods: by means of a survey questionnaire involving 298 Brazilian workers, we analyzed the data using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results: we contribute to academic knowledge, first, by modeling and empirically identifying the relationships of positive influence between positive error orientation and error detection, and between error correction and individual learning from error; and second, by the identification of the significant practical importance of positive error orientation for error detection. Con-clusions: we point out implications for investigations concerned with measuring more accurately the individual positive error orientation phenomenon, as well as those that seek to deepen the understanding of the influence of the organizational context on the direction of individual error orientation. As implications for managerial practice, we highlight positive error orientation as a promoter of learning in individuals, which means that managers should include, in the training programs, learning activities about situations of error in the workplace.
Reefal coralline algal build-ups within the Arctic Circle: morphology and sedimentary dynamics under extreme environmental seasonality

ABSTRACT Carbonate frameworks secreted by phototrophic organisms within the Arctic Circle are not well documented. Underwater surveys of the inner-shelf off Troms, northern Norway (70"N), reveal extended fixed algal build-ups which are fringed by rhodolith belts affected by storms. Reefd growth by coralline algae under temperature and light regimes of extreme seasonality is made possible because of a decoupling of carbon fixation during summer and utilization of stored carbon during the period of winter darkness. Although the annual growth of the framework constructing algae is comparatively low, the annual carbonate production rate is similar to subtropical-tropical counterparts because of a remarkably high standing stock. Early diagenetic alteration is restricted to intraparticle cementation processes which start in vivo. Bioerosional destruction is the dominant control on the preservation of high latitude build-ups. Preservation of Holocene autochthonous coralline algal biostromes is enhanced by rapid burial during storm events. Redeposition during storms is the most important process in forming a distinct sedimentary facies zonation.
Resonance of Free-Surface Waves Provoked by Floodgate Maneuvers

AbstractPrediction of damage caused by floodgate maneuvers is treated by the determination of factors amplifying the magnitude of generated damage. The identification of vulnerable areas is obtained by analogy with the water-hammer phenomenon in pressurized pipes. The numerical model is based on the Boussinesq assumption for transient flow in open channels and solved by the Mac-Cormack scheme. Transient flow concerns a rectangular channel where the initial steady state is uniform. Transient regime is provoked by the movement of a floodgate at the upstream extremity of the channel producing sinusoidal fluctuations of depth. A condition of floodgate closure is imposed at the downstream extremity. The applied excitation has permitted analysis of the fluid structure interaction, examination of pulsations provoking the resonance of the free-surface waves, and study of the evolution of depths according to time along the channel. According to the frequency of the movement of the floodgate at the upstream end, di.
Mapping shallow faults at the Evrona playa site using high‐resolution reflection method

A shallow high-resolution seismic reflection survey was carried out at the Evrona playa site in the southern Arava valley, Israel. The aim of the survey was to detect and map faults in the shallow subsurface (upper 100-150 m) and establish the relationship of the morphological features revealed by aerial photographs and surface geological mapping with the faults detected in the subsurface. The survey included three seismic lines shot using the P-wave technique and one SH-wave line, which overlapped one of the P-wave lines. The seismic energy source on all the lines was a sledge hammer. The acquired reflection data were of good quality and did not require special processing efforts. The seismic sections along the lines show a sequence of reflected events within the 8-150 m range. At several locations, continuity of the events is interrupted by a system of faults. These faults form flower structures apparently related to strike-slip motions typical of the region. Comparison of the faults mapped on the seismic sections with those expressed by surface morphological features generally show good correspondence. The results of the seismic survey provide important information for the study of paleoseismicity and seismic hazards in the investigated area.
Understanding the Scale Relationships of Uncertainty Propagation of Satellite Rainfall through a Distributed Hydrologic Model

The study presents a data-based numerical experiment performed to understand the scale relationships of the error propagation of satellite rainfall for flood evaluation applications in complex terrain basins. A satellite rainfall error model is devised to generate rainfall ensembles based on two satellite products with different retrieval accuracies and space‐time resolutions. The generated ensembles are propagated through a distributed physics-based hydrologic model to simulate the rainfall‐runoff processes at different basin scales. The resulted hydrographs are compared against the hydrograph obtained by using high-resolution radar rainfall as the ‘‘reference’’ rainfall input. The error propagation of rainfall to stream runoff is evaluated for a number of basin scales ranging between 100 and 1200 km 2 . The results from this study show that (i) use of satellite rainfall for flood simulation depends strongly on the scale of application (catchment area) and the satellite product resolution, (ii) different satellite products perform differently in terms of hydrologic error propagation, and (iii) the propagation of error depends on the basin size; for example, this study shows that small watersheds (,400 km 2 ) exhibit a higher ability in dampening the error from rainfall to runoff than larger-sized watersheds, although the actual error increases as drainage area decreases.
Detecting Indications of Financial Statement Fraud: a Hexagon Fraud Theory Approach

This study emphasizes on examining the fraud hexagon theory referring to signs of fraud of financial statements, which employs all manufacturing companies listed in the IDX (Indonesia Stock Exchange). However, total selected sample are 153 of the manufacturing industry. The companies are categorized into indicated and not indicated committing fraud in the 2010-2018 period by applying the Beneish M-Score. The findings demonstrated that financial stability, the financial targets, the external pressures, the nature of industry, and CEO duality can be applied to predict fraud of financial statements. Meanwhile, personal financial needs, ineffective monitoring, quality of external auditors, auditor turnover, director turnover, and marginal costs cannot indicate occurrence of the fraud of financial statement. The findings conclude that pressure, ego, and opportunity significantly affect the financial statement fraud. Future research are suggested to consider different proxies for fraudulent financial statements; hence, the accuracy of the proxies can be compared with this study. Moreover, adding other proxies of conspiracy such as bonuses received by managers will be beneficial.