Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of NF-κB DNA Binding by Nitric Oxide

It has been suggested that the NF-kappaB transcription factor family may mediate expression of the gene encoding the cytokine-inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). To establish if nitric oxide (NO) could in turn affect activity of NF-kappaB, the ability of NO-donor compounds to influence NF-kappaB DNA binding activity in vitro was investigated. NO-donor compounds sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) both inhibited the DNA binding activity of recombinant NF-kappaB p50 and p65 homodimers and of p50-p65 heterodimers. Inhibition of NF-kappaB p50 DNA binding by NO-donor compounds involved modification of the conserved redox-sensitive C62 residue, as a C62S p50 mutant was significantly more resistant to SNP-mediated inactivation. Non-reducing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that SNP could inhibit p50 DNA binding by mechanisms other than the formation of intersubunit disulphide bonds involving p50 residue C62. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of a synthetic NF-kappaB p5O peptide containing the C62 residue suggested that NO gas can modify C62 by S-nitrosylation. This study indicates that NO-donors can directly inhibit the DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB family proteins, suggesting that cellular NO provides another control mechanism for modulating the expression of NF-kappaB-responsive genes.
The use of augmented reality for rehabilitation after stroke: a narrative review

Abstract Purpose To explore research relating to the use of Augmented Reality (AR) technology for rehabilitation after stroke in order to better understand the current, and potential future application of this technology to enhance stroke rehabilitation. Methods Database searches and reference list screening were conducted to identify studies relating to the use of AR for stroke rehabilitation. These studies were then reviewed and summarised. Results Eighteen studies were identified where AR was used for upper or lower limb rehabilitation following stroke. The findings of these studies indicate the technology is in the early stages of development and application. No clear definition of AR was established, with some confusion between virtual and augmented reality identified. Most AR systems engaged users in rote exercises which lacked an occupational focus and contextual relevance. User experience was mostly positive, however the poor quality of the studies limits generalisability of these findings to the greater stroke survivor population. Conclusion AR systems are currently being used for stroke rehabilitation in a variety of ways however the technology is in its infancy and warrants further investigation. A consistent definition of AR must be developed and further research is required to determine the possibilities of using AR to promote practice of occupations in a more contextually relevant environment to enhance motor learning and generalisation to other tasks. This could include using AR to bring the home environment into the hospital setting to enhance practice of prioritised occupations before returning home. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION There is a developing body of evidence evaluating the use of various forms of AR technology for stroke rehabilitation. User motivation and engagement in rehabilitation may improve with the use of AR. A clear and consistent definition for AR must be developed. Ongoing work could explore how AR systems support engagement in, and promote motor learning that links to, meaningful occupations.
A cross-sectional study

Abstract Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome and it impairs physical function. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at a higher risk of sarcopenia. The purpose of this study is to explore characteristics of general information and metabolic factors of sarcopenia in patients with T2DM in the northeast of China, and provide information for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in clinical practice. Patients with T2DM aged ≥65 were recruited in Changchun from March 2017 to February 2018. Questionnaires of general information, physical examination, laboratory and imaging examination were conducted. The patients were assigned into sarcopenia group and non-sarcopenia group according to the diagnostic criteria proposed by Asian working group for sarcopenia (AWGS), and the differences between 2 groups were analyzed. A total of 132 participants were included in this study, of which, 38 (28.8%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. 94 (71.2%) were with no sarcopenia. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR: 1.182, 95%CI: 1.038–1.346), trunk fat mass (TFM) (OR: 1.499, 95%CI: 1.146–1.960) and free thyroxine (FT4) (OR: 1.342, 95%CI: 1.102–1.635) were independent risk factors for sarcopenia. BMI (body mass index) (OR: 0.365, 95%CI: 0.236–0.661), exercise (OR: 0.016, 95%CI: 0.001–0.169), female (OR: 0.000, 95%CI: 0.00–0.012), metformin (OR: 0.159, 95%CI: 0.026–0.967) and TSM (trunk skeletal muscle mass) (OR: 0.395, 95%CI: 0.236–0.661) were protective factors for sarcopenia. Sarcopenia in patients with T2DM is associated with increased age, increased TFM and increased FT4 level. Regular exercise, female, metformin administrations, high BMI and increased TSM are associated with lower risk of sarcopenia.
Genomic Selection in Winter Wheat Breeding Using a Recommender Approach

Achieving optimal predictive ability is key to increasing the relevance of implementing genomic selection (GS) approaches in plant breeding programs. The potential of an item-based collaborative filtering (IBCF) recommender system in the context of multi-trait, multi-environment GS has been explored. Different GS scenarios for IBCF were evaluated for a diverse population of winter wheat lines adapted to the Pacific Northwest region of the US. Predictions across years through cross-validations resulted in improved predictive ability when there is a high correlation between environments. Using multiple spectral traits collected from high-throughput phenotyping resulted in better GS accuracies for grain yield (GY) compared to using only single traits for predictions. Trait adjustments through various Bayesian regression models using genomic information from SNP markers was the most effective in achieving improved accuracies for GY, heading date, and plant height among the GS scenarios evaluated. Bayesian LASSO had the highest predictive ability compared to other models for phenotypic trait adjustments. IBCF gave competitive accuracies compared to a genomic best linear unbiased predictor (GBLUP) model for predicting different traits. Overall, an IBCF approach could be used as an alternative to traditional prediction models for important target traits in wheat breeding programs.
Heterochrony: the interplay between development and ecology exemplified by a Paleozoic amphibian clade

Abstract Recent studies have provided detailed insight into life cycles of early amphibians. These ontogenies were diverse and their evolution involved numerous kinds of change, which can now be addressed by comparison of ontogenetic trajectories. The plesiomorphic trajectory included (1) an early period in which a larval, aquatic predator was established, (2) an intermediate period in which the axial skeleton was strengthened, and (3) a final period during which the jaw joint, braincase, and limbs were ossified, producing an adult capable of terrestrial locomotion if completed. Heterochrony, among other factors, enabled the fine-tuning of the ontogenetic formation of ecologically important features (feeding, respiration, locomotion). Most common was a simple truncation of the trajectory that produced aquatic taxa of various kinds, while changes in the ontogenetic sequence often had a deeper impact on morphology. The most fundamental changes were accompanied by multiple heterochronies, resulting in the condensation or unpacking (stretch-out) of developmental events: metamorphosis evolved by an ever closer packing, whereas a novel larval feeding mechanism was established by a pull-apart of numerous critical events.
Effect of Probiotic ThepaxÂ® and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Supplementation on Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of probiotic Thepax® (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 %) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 %) on performance and egg quality of laying hens. Two hundred and ten 63 wk of age Hy-line W-36 hens were used. The birds were assigned seven treatment groups in a randomized complete block design, with three replicates each with ten hens. The hens performance and egg parameters were evaluated on the three 28-d periods. The results of body weight changes, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production, egg weight, shell percent and albumin weight did not indicate any treatment effect (P>0.05). Shell weight, shell thickness, yolk weight and yolk cholesterol were significantly (P=0.05) different among treatment groups. Yolk cholesterol was lower for 3, 5, 6 and 7 treatments compared to the control. The use of probiotic and Saccharomyces cerevisiae th were not affected by production. But, egg quality did improved from 63 to 75 weeks of age.
Phase imaging of transition from classical to quantum plasmonic couplings between a metal nanoparticle and a metal surface

Significance When a metallic nanoparticle is brought within the electron tunneling distance from a metal surface, quantum coupling between the nanoparticle and the surface is anticipated. We show that the quantum effect can be directly observed by imaging the nanoparticle with a high-resolution plasmonic microscope. Direct measurement of the transition in terms of a phase shift induced by the quantum coupling between a metal nanoparticle and a metal surface opens prospective for a biosensing principle with surface plasmon resonance imaging. When a metal nanoparticle is brought near to a metal surface within electron tunneling distance (∼1 nm), classical electromagnetic coupling between the nanoparticle and the metal is expected to transition to quantum coupling. We show that this transition can be observed as a drastic phase change in the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) images of the gold nanoparticles. We study the transition by controlling the distance between the nanoparticles and electrode surface, modeling the impact of the transition on the SPR image in terms of a phase shift and demonstrating detection of microRNA based on the transition from classical to quantum coupling. The work shows that the quantum coupling can be directly visualized in SPR, and the extremely sensitive dependence of the transition on distance leads to a biosensing principle with SPR.
Stomatal development and CO2 : ecological consequences.

• Stomatal density responses by 48 accessions of Arabidopsis, to CO2 enrichment, broadly parallel interspecific observations. • Accessions differing in the degree of stomatal response to both CO2 and drought differed in flower production. Under well watered conditions flowering benefits from a small reduction in stomatal density with CO2 enrichment, but benefits from a large reduction under drought. • Stomatal density increases with altitude in Vaccinium myrtillus but is also strongly influenced by exposure. Exposed plants had higher stomatal densities than plants at the same altitude but in a community of individuals. This difference might be explained by systemic signalling within the plant as mature leaves detect both irradiance and [CO2 ], subsequently controlling the response of stomatal development in developing leaves. • Plants with the highest stomatal densities also had the highest stomatal conductances and photosynthetic rates. This suggests that signalling from mature to developing leaves predetermines the potential of the developing leaf to maximize its photosynthetic potential, including associated features such as nitrogen allocation, during early stages of development in the enclosed bud.
Genetic Diversity of Leafy Liverwort Species (Jungermanniidae, Marchantiophyta) in Poland: Regional Genetic Differentiation of Leafy Liverworts

Abstract For each of 8 species of leafy liverworts, 9-10 populations were sampled in 2-3 regions of Poland. In total, 5 regions were taken into account: the Tatra National Park, Bieszczady Mts. , Białowieża Forest, Pomeranian Lake District, and Suwałki Lake District. Populations of most of the studied species did not show any correlation between genetic differentiation and geographic distances. Clear differences between regional groups of populations were found in only 2 species. The other species showed a complete or partial lack of genetic differentiation between groups of populations from various geographic regions. Generally, however, mountain populations had greater genetic diversity (HT, HS) and coefficient of genetic differentiation (GST) than lowland populations. In the Tatra National Park all the studied liverworts turned out to be more diverse than in the Bieszczady Mts. Białowieża Forest created a uniform group, standing out markedly from mountainous populations but population in this region had slightly smaller genetic diversity, then in the mountains. In the Pomeranian and Suwałki Lake Districts, genetic diversity of liverworts was significantly lower than in mountains. The decrease in diversity in these regions is a likely consequence of habitat fragmentation (causing population depletion) combined with negative effects of urban development. Habitat fragmentation results in genetic drift and inbreeding depression, which cause a decrease in genetic diversity. In the Pomeranian Lake District the level of total diversity (HT) and intra-population diversity (HS) was markedly higher than in the Suwałki Lake District. It may be linked to differences in climate, in the Suwałki Lake District climate is stronger.
Response of Young Olive Trees to Sodium and Boron Excess in Irrigation Water

The influence of sodium and boron excess in the irrigation water on shoot growth and on the distribution of these elements within various leaf types was studied on rooted olive cuttings (Olea europaea L.). 'Lechin de Granada' was more tolerant than 'Manzanillo' to sodium excess, as indicated by greater shoot growth and lower accumulation of sodium, especially in the young leaves. 'Picual' was more tolerant to boron than 'Manzanillo', with less accumulation in adult leaves. The results suggest the avoidance of toxicity by an ionic exclusion mechanism that is more effective in some cultivars than others. Also, the results reveal cultivar differences in the tolerance of olive to sodium and boron excess in the culture medium. The saline tolerance range of crops is very wide, extending from very sensitive species, such as beans, to highly tolerant ones, such as barley and cotton (Maas and Hoffman, 1977). Olive has been described as a tolerant species that may be cultivated in saline soils where other fruit trees cannot grow (El Gaz- zar et al., 1979). However, some symptoms of toxicity and cultivar differences in sus-
A Developmental Model for Predicting Sport Participation among Female Korean College Students

Although participating in regular physical activity has many benefits, female Korean college students tend to have much lower participation rates than their male counterparts. An effective means of increasing physical activity among female college students is sport participation. The purpose of this study is to incorporate three types of psychological needs from self-determination theory as precursor background variables into the theory of planned behavior to predict sport participation among female Korean college students. Our dataset consisted of 494 female undergraduate students attending Kyung Hee University in South Korea. Using structural equation modeling, the direct and indirect effects of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and psychological needs satisfaction such as competency, relatedness, and autonomy were examined. Although attitude towards and perceived behavioral control over sport participation were significantly associated with intention in all three models, subjective norm was not significantly associated with intention in any model. Satisfaction of the psychological needs for competency, relatedness, and autonomy had positive indirect effects on sport participation. This study underscores the importance of addressing the satisfaction of these three basic psychological needs when designing future sport promotion interventions for female college students.
Three New Species of Cosmioneis (Bacillariophyceae) from Hawai'i

ABSTRACT. Cosmioneis Mann et Stickle is a pennate diatom in the family Cosmiondeidaceae and order Naviculales. A single species of this genus (Navicula pusilla W. Sm., now Cosmioneis pusilla (W. Sm.) Mann et Stickle), had been previously reported from the island of Oahu, in the Hawai'ian archipelago. In extensive surveys of algae of subaerial habitats in Hawai'i we collected samples from the islands of Maui and Oahu, from which we distinguished populations of three species of Cosmioneis. Reports from other habitats describe C. pusilla as morphologically variable with valve ends ranging from subrostrate to strongly capitate. Our populations of Cosmioneis showed little variability and were either strongly capitate, rostrate or broadly lanceolate. We discuss the morphology and ecology of Cosmioneis in Hawai'i and propose three new species in this genus, Cosmioneis reimeri, Cosmioneis citriformis and Cosmioneis hawaiiensis. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the new species are provided. New taxa: Cosmioneis reimeri Lowe and Sherwood, Cosmioneis citriformis Sherwood and Lowe, Cosmioneis hawaiiensis Lowe and Sherwood
Pathogenicity Levels of Colombian Strains of Candida auris and Brazilian Strains of Candida haemulonii Species Complex in Both Murine and Galleria mellonella Experimental Models

Candida auris and Candida haemulonii complex (C. haemulonii, C. haemulonii var. vulnera and C. duobushaemulonii) are phylogenetically related species that share some physiological features and habits. In the present study, we compared the virulence of these yeast species using two different experimental models: (i) Galleria mellonella larvae to evaluate the survival rate, fungal burden, histopathology and phagocytosis index and (ii) BALB/c mice to evaluate the survival. In addition, the fungal capacity to form biofilm over an inert surface was analyzed. Our results showed that in both experimental models, the animal survival rate was lower when infected with C. auris strains than the C. haemulonii species complex. The hemocytes of G. mellonella showed a significantly reduced ability to phagocytize the most virulent strains forming the C. haemulonii species complex. Interestingly, for C. auris, it was impossible to measure the phagocytosis index due to a general lysis of the hemocytes. Moreover, it was observed a greater capability of biofilm formation by C. auris compared to C. haemulonii species complex. In conclusion, we observed that C. auris and C. haemulonii complex have different levels of pathogenicity in the experimental models employed in the present study.
Observation of Enhanced Dissociative Photochemistry in the Non-Native Nucleobase 2-Thiouracil

We present the first study to measure the dissociative photochemistry of 2-thiouracil (2-TU), an important nucleobase analogue with applications in molecular biology and pharmacology. Laser photodissociation spectroscopy is applied to the deprotonated and protonated forms of 2-TU, which are produced in the gas-phase using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Our results show that the deprotonated form of 2-thiouracil ([2-TU-H]−) decays predominantly by electron ejection and hence concomitant production of the [2-TU-H]· free-radical species, following photoexcitation across the UVA-UVC region. Thiocyanate (SCN−) and a m/z 93 fragment ion are also observed as photodecay products of [2-TU-H]− but at very low intensities. Photoexcitation of protonated 2-thiouracil ([2-TU·H]+) across the same UVA-UVC spectral region produces the m/z 96 cationic fragment as the major photofragment. This ion corresponds to ejection of an HS· radical from the precursor ion and is determined to be a product of direct excited state decay. Fragment ions associated with decay of the hot ground state (i.e., the ions we would expect to observe if 2-thiouracil was behaving like UV-dissipating uracil) are observed as much more minor products. This behaviour is consistent with enhanced intersystem crossing to triplet excited states compared to internal conversion back to the ground state. These are the first experiments to probe the effect of protonation/deprotonation on thionucleobase photochemistry, and hence explore the effect of pH at a molecular level on their photophysical properties.
INVESTIGATION OF BASIN AND DIRECTIVITY EFFECTS IN BROADBAND SIMULATED GROUND MOTIONS

The ShakeOut exercise utilized broadband simulated ground motions for an Mw 7.8 scenario rupture on the San Andreas fault. We compare motions for the ShakeOut event, two ShakeOut permutations with different hypocenter locations, and a Mw 7.15 Puente Hills blind thrust event beneath downtown Los Angeles, to median predictions from the empirical NGA ground motion prediction equations. In work reported elsewhere the simulated motions were found to attenuate faster with distance than is predicted by the NGA models for most periods. After removing the distance attenuation bias, we find the simulated motions have a depth-dependent basin response similar to the NGA models, but also show complex effects in which stronger basin response occurs when the fault rupture transmits energy into a basin at low angle. Rupture directivity effects scale with the isochrone parameter.
Estimation of mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of Zika virus in Australia: Risks to blood transfusion safety

Background Since 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks have occurred in the Americas and the Pacific involving mosquito-borne and sexual transmission. ZIKV has also emerged as a risk to global blood transfusion safety. Aedes aegypti, a mosquito well established in north and some parts of central and southern Queensland, Australia, transmits ZIKV. Aedes albopictus, another potential ZIKV vector, is a threat to mainland Australia. Since these conditions create the potential for local transmission in Australia and a possible uncertainty in the effectiveness of blood donor risk-mitigation programs, we investigated the possible impact of mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of ZIKV in Australia on local blood transfusion safety. Methodology/Principal findings We estimated ‘best-’ and ‘worst-’ case scenarios of monthly reproduction number (R0) for both transmission pathways of ZIKV from 1996–2015 in 11 urban or regional population centres, by varying epidemiological and entomological estimates. We then estimated the attack rate and subsequent number of infectious people to quantify the ZIKV transfusion-transmission risk using the European Up-Front Risk Assessment Tool. For all scenarios and with both vector species R0 was lower than one for ZIKV transmission. However, a higher risk of a sustained outbreak was estimated for Cairns, Rockhampton, Thursday Island, and theoretically in Darwin during the warmest months of the year. The yearly estimation of the risk of transmitting ZIKV infection by blood transfusion remained low through the study period for all locations, with the highest potential risk estimated in Darwin. Conclusions/Significance Given the increasing demand for plasma products in Australia, the current strategy of restricting donors returning from infectious disease outbreak regions to source plasma collection provides a simple and effective risk management approach. However, if local transmission was suspected in the main urban centres of Australia, potentially facilitated by the geographic range expansion of Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus, this mitigation strategy would need urgent review.