Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Realistic cosmological scenario with non-minimal kinetic coupling

We investigate cosmological scenarios in the theory of gravity with the scalar field possessing a non-minimal kinetic coupling to the curvature. It is shown that the kinetic coupling provides an essentially new inflationary mechanism. Namely, at early cosmological times the domination of coupling terms in the field equations guarantees the quasi-De Sitter behavior of the scale factor: $a(t)\propto e^{H_{\kappa} t}$ with $H_\kappa=1/\sqrt{9\kappa}$, where $\kappa\simeq 10^{-74}$ sec$^2$ is the coupling parameter. The primary inflationary epoch driven by non-minimal kinetic coupling comes to the end at $t_f \simeq 10^{-35}$ sec. Later on, the matter terms are dominating, and the universe enters into the matter-dominated epoch which lasts approximately $0.5H_0^{-1}\sim 0.5\times10^{18}$ sec. Then, the cosmological term comes into play, and the universe enters into the secondary inflationary epoch with $a(t)\propto e^{H_{\Lambda} t}$, where $H_\Lambda=\sqrt{\Lambda/3}$. Note that the present value of the acceleration parameter $q=\ddot a a/\dot a^2$ is estimated as $q_0\simeq0.25$, that is the universe is at the beginning of the epoch of accelerated expansion. Thus, the cosmological model non-minimal kinetic coupling represents the realistic cosmological scenario which successfully describes basic cosmological epochs and provide the natural mechanism of epoch change without any fine-tuned potential.
Vitamin B12 alleviates malathion-induced toxicity in zebra fish by regulating cytochrome P450 and PgP expressions

Abstract The indiscriminate and rampant use of pesticides has raised serious concerns regarding their toxic impact on non-target organisms which underlines need for the development of an effective antidote. Metabolic activation of organophosphate pesticides by the phase I enzyme, cytochrome P450 plays a key role in influencing pesticide-toxicity. In this study, we have investigated the effect of environmentally relevant malathion concentration (100 μg/L) alone and in combination with vitamin B12 on the expression of genes related to xenobiotic metabolism such as CYP enzymes, PgP and the key oxidative stress responsive transcription factor, Nrf2 in zebra fish liver and brain. Expressions of Nrf2-trasncribed antioxidant genes and their activities were also measured. Administration of vitamin B12 successfully revived motor functions by modulation of AchE activity. Mechanistically, vitamin B12 was demonstrated to alleviate oxidative stress which was accompanied by decreased phase-I enzyme cyp3c1 and increased pgp expressions.
BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE HARMONIC OSCILLATIONS IN THE SOLAR CORONA

The detection of multiple mode harmonic kink oscillations in coronal loops enables us to obtain information on coronal density stratification and magnetic field expansion using seismology inversion techniques. The inference is based on the measurement of the period ratio between the fundamental mode and the first overtone and theoretical results for the period ratio under the hypotheses of coronal density stratification and magnetic field expansion of the wave guide. We present a Bayesian analysis of multiple mode harmonic oscillations for the inversion of the density scale height and magnetic flux tube expansion under each of the hypotheses. The two models are then compared using a Bayesian model comparison scheme to assess how plausible each one is given our current state of knowledge.
Spectral properties of the Neumann–Poincaré operator and cloaking by anomalous localized resonance for the elasto-static system

We first investigate spectral properties of the Neumann–Poincaré (NP) operator for the Lamé system of elasto-statics. We show that the elasto-static NP operator can be symmetrized in the same way as that for the Laplace operator. We then show that even if elasto-static NP operator is not compact even on smooth domains, it is polynomially compact and its spectrum on two-dimensional smooth domains consists of eigenvalues that accumulate to two different points determined by the Lamé constants. We then derive explicitly eigenvalues and eigenfunctions on discs and ellipses. Using these resonances occurring at eigenvalues is considered. We also show on ellipses that cloaking by anomalous localized resonance takes place at accumulation points of eigenvalues.
Clinician perspectives on the development of a web portal for remote monitoring of mHealth facilitated dysphagia home exercise: A qualitative study

Abstract Purpose Mobile health (mHealth) technologies for dysphagia management may allow patients to complete rehabilitation exercises from home and their clinicians to remotely monitor them. However, clinicians are rarely formally consulted in the early stages of ideation. This study aimed to determine necessary elements to be included in a clinician web portal that would allow for remote monitoring of patients completing dysphagia exercises using mHealth equipped with surface electromyography (sEMG). Method Ten dysphagia clinicians were consulted individually using convergent interviewing. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis to identify themes and sub-themes. Result Themes identified included: perceived benefits of an mHealth system; clinical uptake of an mHealth system; clinical targets desired; preferred communication method; notification style and frequency; and user interface considerations. There was no consensus regarding clinical targets to display, notification frequency, method of clinician-patient communication, or layout for the user interface. Agreement existed on the importance of the simplicity and customisability for the clinician web portal user interface. Conclusion Lack of consensus on specific elements to be included in a clinician web portal could reflect low clinical exposure to sEMG. This study provides an example of formal end user feedback in the ideation phase of design.
Open Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Splenectomy and Pericardial Devascularization vs. Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Portal Hypertension and Hypersplenism: A Case-Matched Comparative Study

Abstract Aim To compare the short- and long-term treatment outcomes of open radiofrequency ablation combined with splenectomy and pericardial devascularization versus liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal hypertension and hypersplenism. Methods During the study period, the treatment outcomes of consecutive HCC patients with portal hypertension and hypersplenism who underwent open radiofrequency ablation, splenectomy and pericardial devascularization (the study group) were compared with the treatment outcomes of a case-matched control group of HCC patients who underwent liver transplantation. Results The study group consisted of 32 patients, and the control group comprised 32 patients selected from 155 patients who were case-matched by tumor size, age, gender, MELD sore, tumor location, TNM classification, degree of splenomegaly and Child–Pugh staging. Baseline data on preoperative laboratory tests and tumor characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The mean follow-up was 43.2 ± 5.3 months and 44.9 ± 5.8 months for the study and control groups, respectively. Although the disease-free survival rates of the control group were better than those of the study group (P < 0.001), there was no significant difference in the cumulative overall survival time or the incidence of portal vein thrombosis between the two groups (P = 0.670, 0.083). Compared with the control group, the study group had significantly less intraoperative blood loss, and lower incidences of postoperative pleural effusion and pneumonia (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Open radiofrequency ablation, splenectomy and pericardial devascularization for small HCCs with portal hypertension and hypersplenism can be an alternative therapy for a subset of carefully selected patients under the shortage of liver donors.
High-resolution AMI Large Array imaging of spinning dust sources: spatially correlated 8 µm emission and evidence of a stellar wind in L675

We present 25 arcsec resolution radio images of five Lynds Dark Nebulae (L675, L944, L1103, L1111 and L1246) at 16 GHz made with the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager (AMI) Large Array. These objects were previously observed with the AMI Small Array to have an excess of emission at microwave frequencies relative to lower frequency radio data. In L675, we find a flat spectrum compact radio counterpart to the 850 μm emission seen with Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) and suggest that it is cm-wave emission from a previously unknown deeply embedded young protostar. In the case of L1246, the cm-wave emission is spatially correlated with 8 μm emission seen with Spitzer. Since the mid-infrared emission is present only in Spitzer band 4 we suggest that it arises from a population of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules, which also give rise to the cm-wave emission through spinning dust emission.
Prediction of anterior tibiotalar ligament injury: measurement of the angle between the deep posterior tibiotalar ligament and talus on MRI

Background Identification of anterior tibiotalar ligament (aTTL) injury is essential because it influences the surgeon's treatment option and patient prognosis. Purpose To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the angle measurement between the talus and posterior tibiotalar ligament (talus-pTTL) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with arthroscopically proven aTTL injuries. Material and Methods Ankle MRI scans of 67 patients who underwent arthroscopic examination were retrospectively reviewed. The talus-pTTL angle on axial T2-weighted MRI and the medial clear space (MCS) on mortise ankle radiograph were measured. Inter-observer agreement of the measurements was calculated. Also, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were the metrics of diagnostic accuracy. Results AUC was 0.90 for observer 1 with 78.6% sensitivity, 97.4% specificity, 88% accuracy, and 54.7° cutoff value for the talus-pTTL angle. AUC was 0.87 for observer 2 with 85.7% sensitivity, 84.6% specificity, 85.2% accuracy, and 53.7° cutoff value for the talus-pTTL angle. AUC was 0.86 with 82.1% sensitivity, 79.5% specificity, and 80.8% accuracy for observer 1 and 0.79 with 57.1% sensitivity, 92.3% specificity, and 74.7% accuracy for observer 2 for the MCS. Different MCS values and additional capabilities when complemented with the angle measurement showed an increase in diagnostic performances. Intra-observer reliability of MCS and talus-pTTL angle of the two radiologists was excellent. Inter-observer reliability of the two radiologists was excellent for both the talus-pTTL angle (0.95) and the MCS (0.85). Conclusion Measurement of the talus-pTTL angle showed good sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the evaluation of aTTL injury with excellent inter-observer reliability.
The role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in neurofibromatosis type 1

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a frequent cancer predisposition syndrome. The common hallmark of patients with this multisystemic genetic disorder is the formation of peripheral nerve sheath tumors, which can be seen as either dermal, plexiform, and malignant forms. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an essential gene regulation factor and consists of 22–25 nucleotides. MiRNAs are identified to act as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes (oncomirs) in a wide variety of human cancers. They play multiple roles in molecular pathways responsible for tumor homing, progression, and invasion. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) also has a key role in cancer transcriptomics. Altered lncRNA expression levels have been found in various malignancies. This review aims to summarize the role of two noncoding RNA groups, miRNAs and lncRNAs, in NF1 establishment, development, and progression. We also highlight their potential for future clinical interventions and devising new diagnostic tools.
Protective down-regulated states in the human brain: A possible lesson from COVID-19

Significance Late recovery of consciousness following intensive care unit treatment of COVID-19 is a frequent and puzzling phenomenon. Many of these patients showed no signs of structural brain injuries and enjoyed full cognitive function prior to their illnesses. Prolonged coma and recovery accompanied with hypoxia and markedly reduced brain metabolism are also present in certain patients after cardiac arrest and certain vertebrate animals like the painted turtle. The latter have evolved specialized physiological processes to preserve brain function during prolonged coma linked to loss of oxygenation. We postulate the existence of a protective down-regulated state in specific clinical scenarios in humans similar to that observed in anoxia-tolerant vertebrates. Induction of this state suggests new approaches to enhancing coma recovery.
Random Fluid Limit of an Overloaded Polling Model

In the present paper, we study the evolution of an overloaded cyclic polling model that starts empty. Exploiting a connection with multitype branching processes, we derive fluid asymptotics for the joint queue length process. Under passage to the fluid dynamics, the server switches between the queues infinitely many times in any finite time interval causing frequent oscillatory behavior of the fluid limit in the neighborhood of zero. Moreover, the fluid limit is random. In addition, we suggest a method that establishes finiteness of moments of the busy period in an M/G/1 queue.
Enumeration of $n$-fold tangent hyperplanes to a surface

For each $1\leq n\leq6$ we present formulas for the number of $n-$nodal curves in an $n-$dimensional linear system on a smooth, projective surface. This yields in particular the numbers of rational curves in the system of hyperplane sections of a generic $K3-$surface imbedded in \p{n} by a complete system of curves of genus $n$ as well as the number {\bf17,601,000} of rational ({\em singular}) plane quintic curves in a generic quintic threefold.
On the estimates of the derivatives of solutions to nonautonomous Kolmogorov equations and their consequences

We consider evolution operators $G(t,s)$ associated to a class of nonautonomous elliptic operators with unbounded coefficients, in the space of bounded and continuous functions over $\mathbb{R}^d$. We prove some new pointwise estimates for the spatial derivatives of the function $G(t,s)f$, when $f$ is bounded and continuous or much smoother. We then use these estimates to prove smoothing effects of the evolution operator in $L^p$-spaces. Finally, we show how pointwise gradient estimates have been used in the literature to study the asymptotic behaviour of the evolution operator and to prove summability improving results in the $L^p$-spaces related to the so-called tight evolution system of measures.
Keeping a single qubit alive by experimental dynamic decoupling

We demonstrate the use of dynamic decoupling techniques to extend the coherence time of a single memory qubit by nearly two orders of magnitude. By extending the Hahn spin-echo technique to correct for unknown, arbitrary polynomial variations in the qubit precession frequency, we show analytically that the required sequence of π-pulses is identical to the Uhrig dynamic decoupling (UDD) sequence. We compare UDD and Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) sequences applied to a single 43Ca+ trapped-ion qubit and find that they afford comparable protection in our ambient noise environment.
Singular analytic linear cocycles with negative infinite Lyapunov exponents

We show that linear analytic cocycles where all Lyapunov exponents are negative infinite are nilpotent. For such one-frequency cocycles we show that they can be analytically conjugated to an upper triangular cocycle or a Jordan normal form. As a consequence, an arbitrarily small analytic perturbation leads to distinct Lyapunov exponents. Moreover, in the one-frequency case where the $k$ th Lyapunov exponent is finite and the $(k+1)$ st negative infinite, we obtain a simple criterion for domination in which case there is a splitting into a nilpotent part and an invertible part.
Stability index, uncertainty exponent, and thermodynamic formalism for intermingled basins of chaotic attractors

Skew product systems with monotone one-dimensional fibre maps driven by piecewise expanding Markov interval maps may show the phenomenon of intermingled basins. To quantify the degree of intermingledness the uncertainty exponent and the stability index were suggested by various authors and characterized (partially). Here we present an approach to evaluate/estimate these two quantities rigorously using thermodynamic formalism for the driving Markov map.
Role of explosive instabilities in high-β disruptions in tokamaks

Intrinsically explosive growth of a ballooning finger is demonstrated in nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic calculations of high-β disruptions in tokamaks. The explosive finger is formed by an ideally unstable n = 1 mode, dominated by an m/n = 2/1 component. The quadrupole geometry of the 2/1 perturbed pressure field provides a generic mechanism for the formation of the initial ballooning finger and its subsequent transition from exponential to explosive growth, without relying on secondary processes. The explosive ejection of the hot plasma from the core and stochastization of the magnetic field occur on Alfvénic time scales, accounting for the extremely fast growth of the precursor oscillations and the rapidity of the thermal quench in some high-β disruptions.
Impact of early mobilization on the duration of delirium in elderly hospitalized patients: A retrospective cohort pilot study

Development of delirium during hospitalization impairs the activities of daily living in elderly hospitalized patients. In clinical practice, early mobilization from bed is recommended to reduce delirium incidence and hospitalization stay. However, the effects of early mobilization on elderly inpatients with delirium have not been established yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between early mobilization and the duration of delirium in elderly inpatients with delirium. This retrospective cohort pilot study examined 45 participants (23 males, 22 females; mean age: 84.5 ± 6.6 years), who developed delirium during hospitalization. Of the participants, 28 were surgically treated and 17 were non-surgically treated. We classified early or delayed mobilization based on the median number of days until the start of mobilization and compared after propensity score matching to adjust for baseline characteristics. Additionally, we examined the correlation between the number of days until the start of mobilization and the duration of delirium. The duration of delirium was significantly shorter in the early mobilization group, particularly in terms of sitting on the bed and wheelchair use than that in the delayed mobilization group {median: 4.0 [interquartile range (IQR): 2.0–6.0] vs 8.0 [IQR: 7.0–14.5] days, P = . 013; median: 3.0 [IQR: 2.0–5.5] vs 11.0 [IQR: 7.5–14.5] days, P = . 004, respectively}. Moreover, the duration of delirium significantly positively moderate correlated with the time until the start of sitting on the bed and wheelchair use (Spearman r = 0.527; P = .012, Spearman r = 0.630; P = .002, respectively). The results of this study suggest that early mobilization from sitting on the bed or wheelchair use after hospitalization or surgery may shorten the duration of delirium. Because the sample size of this pilot study is small, careful interpretation is needed, and further research is warranted.
THE ROLE OF NUCLEAR STAR CLUSTERS IN ENHANCING SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE FEEDING RATES DURING GALAXY MERGERS

During galaxy mergers the gas falls to the center, triggers star formation, and feeds the rapid growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs). SMBHs respond to this fueling by supplying energy back to the ambient gas. Numerical studies suggest that this feedback is necessary to explain why the properties of SMBHs and the formation of bulges are closely related. This intimate link between the SMBH’s mass and the large scale dynamics and luminosity of the host has proven to be a difficult issue to tackle with simulations due to the inability to resolve all the relevant length scales simultaneously. In this paper we simulate SMBH growth at high-resolution with FLASH, accounting for the gravitational focusing effects of nuclear star clusters (NSCs), which appear to be ubiquitous in galactic nuclei. In the simulations, the NSC core is resolved by a minimum cell size of about 0.001 pc or approximately 10−3 of the cluster’s radius. We discuss the conditions required for effective gas funneling to occur, which are mainly dominated by a relationship between NSC velocity dispersion and the local sound speed, and provide a sub-grid prescription for the augmentation of central SMBH accretion rates in the presence of NSCs. For the conditions expected to persist in the centers of merging galaxies, the resultant large central gas densities in NSCs should produce drastically enhanced embedded SMBH accretion rates—up to an order of magnitude increase can be achieved for gas properties resembling those in large-scale galaxy merger simulations. This will naturally result in faster black hole growth rates and higher luminosities than predicted by the commonly used Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton accretion formalism.
Interpersonal Victimization During Childhood and Adolescence and Educational Attainment in Young Adulthood: A Latent Class Analysis Approach

Previous research relates violent victimization early in life to a wide range of unfavorable outcomes in adulthood, among them a lack of educational attainment. A tendency to conduct separate investigations into violent victimization in different areas of life has so far hampered our understanding of both overall victimization processes and its outcomes. The present study overcomes this issue by investigating the cumulative burden of violent victimization during childhood and adolescence as well as the associations between victimization and educational attainment in young adulthood. The study uses a nationally representative sample of 18 to 19-year-old Norwegian students (n = 3,160) from the school-based UngVold 2007 survey, merged with information from official registers up to 2016 (age 27–28). Using latent class analysis (LCA), we combine retrospective accounts of experiences with parental, peer, and sexual violence during childhood and adolescence with educational attainment in young adulthood. The analyses reveal five classes of violent victimization: (1) non-victims (55.7%), (2) peer victims (16.6%), (3) victims of parental violence (14.5%), (4) victims witnessing domestic violence (5.6%), and (5) polyvictims (experiencing parental, peer, and/or sexual violence: 7.6%). They also show lower educational attainment in all groups reporting victimization through physical contact compared to non-victims, particularly among peer victims and polyvictims. Violence thus seems to impair educational attainment for a large share of the population. The identification of particularly lower education among the polyvictims also show the importance of considering the cumulative burden of violence when deciding on treatment needs and the design of help services for victims.