Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vegetation Carbon Accumulation Driven by Stand Characteristics and Climatic Factors in Subtropical Forests of Southeastern China

ABSTRACT Subtropical forests act as a carbon sink and play an important role in mitigating global warming. However, the understanding of the effects of stand characteristics and climatic factors on forest carbon sequestration capacity remains limited. Based on multiple regression analyses using structural equation modeling and plot-level data of coniferous and broadleaf forests from the national forest resource inventories, our study quantified vegetation carbon accumulation rate (VCAR) and the underlying influence pattern in Zhejiang Province, Southeastern China. The mean VCAR of coniferous and broadleaf forests was 2.30 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 and 4.53 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 during 2004–2009, and 1.56 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 and 1.98 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 during 2009–2014, respectively. Stand characteristics (i.e., change in tree density and mean diameter at breast height) and climatic factors (i.e., mean annual precipitation (MAP), temperature, sunshine hours, and monthly precipitation fluctuation) were the major driving factors on the change patterns of VCAR. All factors, except precipitation fluctuation, had positive effects on VCAR. The positive effects of MAP decreased with the increase in MAP, but the negative effects of precipitation fluctuation increased with the increase in precipitation fluctuation. Precipitation increased with increasing elevation, while the VCAR was lower at lower elevations. Additionally, we found that broadleaf forests could be able to cope better with the negative effects of precipitation fluctuation. Overall, this study provides new insights into the sensitivity and potential of vegetation carbon accumulation for structural development and climate change response in Zhejiang Province to better promote sustainable forestry development.
A Propose of Effective Model For Prediction of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery With Quadruple Serum Biomarkers of Aneuploidy Screening.

Background:Spontaneous preterm delivery (sPTD) is one of the most common global problems causing perinatal morbidity and mortality. However, there is no effective universal screening method for predicting sPTD. Therefore, we want to evaluate the extra benefit of quadruple maternal serum biomarkers for Down syndrome (DS) screening to predict sPTD. Moreover, to propose an effective model to predict sPTD.Results: From total of 2,822 pregnancies who underwent DS screening, 2604 (92.3%) were included in the study. There were 183 (7.02%) pregnant women had randomly measure cervical length. sPTD occurred in 221 (8.5%) of participants, 32 (14.5%) had early sPTD (<34 weeks gestation) and 189 (85.5%) had late sPTD (delivery between 34-36+6 weeks). The median MoM of AFP was significantly higher in women with early sPTD (1.2 VS 1.0, p =0.04), but uE3 had tendency to be lower than the women with term delivery. The most effective model to predict sPTD was the combination of serum AFP level > 1.2 MoM, uE3 level < 0.9 MoM, cervical length <35 mm. and had history of previous preterm delivery which has an AUC of 0.86. Conclusions:An abnormal increase of AFP or decrease of uE3 in quadruple Down syndrome screening showed a predictive ability to predict sPTD with no extra cost. The most effective model to predict sPTD is adding serum quadruple biomarkers with maternal characteristics and cervical length measurement gives a high predictive ability for sPTD.
Women on the Frontline: A Changed Workforce and the Fight Against COVID-19

COVID-19 is a worldwide pandemic, with frontlines that look drastically different than in past conflicts: that is, women now make up a sizeable majority of the health care workforce. American women have a long history of helping in times of hardship, filling positions on the home front vacated by men who enlisted as soldiers during World War I and similarly serving in crucial roles on U.S. military bases, on farms, and in factories during World War II. The COVID-19 pandemic has represented a novel battleground, as the first in which women have taken center stage, not only in their roles as physicians, respiratory therapists, nurses, and the like, but also by serving in leadership positions and facilitating innovations in science, technology, and policy. Yet, the pandemic has exacerbated multiple pain points that have disproportionally impacted women in health care, including shortages in correctly sized personal protective equipment and uniforms, inadequate support for pregnant and breastfeeding providers, and challenges associated with work–life balance and obtaining childcare. While the pandemic has facilitated several positive advancements in addressing these challenges, there is still much work to be done for women to achieve equity and optimal support in their roles on the frontlines.
HOW IS SOCIAL MEDIA USED BY INDONESIAN SCHOOL PRINCIPALS FOR INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP?

Information technology and communication adoption, including social media, remains an interesting research theme in this digital era, especially in a developing country like Indonesia. A survey of principals’ perceptions in Indonesia on the factors that influence the use of social media for instructional leadership serves as the focus of this study. Using a sequential approach, 122 principals responded to the questionnaire which adapted the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) containing six constructs namely perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived attitude, perceived facilitating conditions, subjective norm, and behavioral intention to use technology; and seven of them were interviewed to give further explanations on their perception. The different test was used on for the results of the interview for the quantitative data analysis and thematic analysis. This research finds that the principals’ use of the social media in instructional leadership is considered satisfactory. There is no significant difference regarding the use of social media for instructional leadership based on sex or age, but there is a significant difference based on age in which principals aged more than 50 years have the highest average of TAM. From the interviews, it can be concluded that principals use social media for work to make communication more effective and efficient. The use of social media between the principal and teaching staff proves to be a great way for communication and supervision, not only to report on the teaching and learning process, but also other activities such as administrative reports and financial discussions.
Single-particle measurements of bouncing particles and in situ collection efficiency from an airborne aerosol mass spectrometer ( AMS ) with light-scattering detection

A light-scattering module was coupled to an airborne, compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (LS-AMS) to investigate collection efficiency (CE) while obtaining nonrefractory aerosol chemical composition measurements during the Southeast Nexus (SENEX) campaign. In this instrument, particles scatter light from an internal laser beam and trigger saving individual particle mass spectra. Nearly all of the single-particle data with mass spectra that were triggered by scattered light signals were from particles larger than ∼ 280 nm in vacuum aerodynamic diameter. Over 33 000 particles are characterized as either prompt (27 %), delayed (15 %), or null (58 %), according to the time and intensity of their total mass spectral signals. The particle mass from single-particle spectra is proportional to that derived from the light-scattering diameter (dva-LS) but not to that from the particle time-of-flight (PToF) diameter (dva-MS) from the time of the maximum mass spectral signal. The total mass spectral signal from delayed particles was about 80 % of that from prompt ones for the same dva-LS. Both field and laboratory data indicate that the relative intensities of various ions in the prompt spectra show more fragmentation compared to the delayed spectra. The particles with a delayed mass spectral signal likely bounced off the vaporizer and vaporized later on another surface within the confines of the ionization source. Because delayed particles are detected by the mass spectrometer later than expected from their dva-LS size, they can affect the interpretation of particle size (PToF) mass distributions, especially at larger sizes. The CE, measured by the average number or mass fractions of particles optically detected that had measurable mass spectra, varied significantly (0.2–0.9) in different air masses. The measured CE agreed well with a previous parameterization when CE> 0.5 for acidic particles but was sometimes lower than the minimum parameterized CE of 0.5.
The co-electrolysis of CO2–H2O to methane via a novel micro-tubular electrochemical reactor

Efficient and direct conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbons through electrolysis is a promising approach for energy storage and CO2 utilization. In this study, high temperature co-electrolysis of H2O–CO2 and low temperature methanation processes are synergistically integrated in a micro-tubular reactor. The temperature gradient along the micro-tubular reactor provides favorable conditions for both the electrolysis and methanation reactions. Moreover, the micro-tubular reactor can provide high volumetric factor for both the electrolysis and methanation processes. When the cathode of the micro-tubular reactor is fed with a stream of 10.7% CO2, 69.3% H2 and 20.0% H2O, an electrolysis current of −0.32 A improves CH4 yield from 12.3% to 21.1% and CO2 conversion rate from 64.9% to 87.7%, compared with the operation at open circuit voltage. Furthermore, the effects of the inlet gas composition in the cathode on the CO2 conversion rate and the CH4 yield are systematically investigated. Higher ratio of H:C in the inlet results in higher CO2 conversion rate. Among all the cases studied, the highest CH4 yield of 23.1% has been achieved when the inlet gas in the cathode is consisted of 21.3% CO2, 58.7% H2 and 20.0% H2O with an electrolysis current of −0.32 A.
Rearrangement of Van-der-Waals Stacking and Formation of a Singlet State at $T = 90$ K in a Cluster Magnet

Insulating Nb3Cl8 is a layered chloride consisting of two-dimensional triangular layers of Seff = 1/2 Nb3Cl13 clusters at room temperature. Magnetic susceptibility measurement show a sharp, hysteretic drop to a temperature independent value below T = 90 K. Specific heat measurements show that the transition is first order, with ΔS ≈ 5 J K−1 mol−1 f.u. −1, and a low temperature T-linear contribution originating from defect spins. Neutron and X-ray diffraction show a lowering of symmetry from trigonal Pm1 to monoclinic C2/m symmetry, with a change in layer stacking from –AB–AB– to –AB′–BC′–CA′– and no observed magnetic order. This lowering of symmetry and rearrangement of successive layers evades geometric magnetic frustration to form a singlet ground state. It is the lowest temperature at which a change in stacking sequence is known to occur in a van der Waals solid, occurs in the absence of orbital degeneracies, and suggests that designer 2-D heterostructures may be able to undergo similar phase transitions.
The effects of Temperature and Blending on the Specific Gravity and Viscosity of Jatropha Methyl Ester

The specific gravity and viscosity of biodiesel fuels are key properties in determining the suitability for use of such fuels in diesel engines. Though generally higher than those of #2 diesel fuel (DF2), they have been mostly reduced by blending with DF2 and preheating to achieve comparable values as DF2. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of temperature and blending on specific gravity and viscosity of Jatropha methyl ester, and also investigate the effect of modifying Clements blending equation by substituting volume fraction for mass fraction. Correlation models were developed to predict the variation of specific gravity and viscosity with both temperature and % biodiesel in a blend. Blends of Jatropha methyl ester (JME) and DF2 on volume basis were prepared and investigated in the temperature range 15-60°C together with the pure fuels. Blends B20, B35, B50 and B75 were made. Specific gravity was determined using specific gravity method whereas viscosity was evaluated was determined using the Ostwald viscometer. Specific gravity of JME was found to be generally 4.83% higher than that of DF2. Blending with DF2 lowered the specific gravity significantly, and a correlation model was developed for use to approximate the specific gravity of any JME-DF2 fuel blend. Preheating the fuels lowered the specific gravity as temperature increased. Correlation models were developed to predict the specific gravity of the test fuels as function of both temperature and amount of JME in the blend. Calculating specific gravity using the Specific gravity blending equation proposed by Clements was found to give results within ± 0.5% of the measured values with mass fraction replaced by volume fraction. The viscosity of JME was found to be 42.09% higher than that of DF2. Blending with DF2 resulted in significant viscosity reduction, which varied linearly with the amount of DF2 in the blend. Correlation models were proposed to approximate the viscosity of any blend as a function temperature in the range from 15°C to 60°C, and as a function of % biodiesel. Results showed that blends with up to 50% JME conformed to both specific gravity and viscosity without the need of preheating.
Parenting style and prosocial behaviour among Chinese Preschool children: A moderation model

ABSTRACT The present research examines the relationship between parenting style and the development of prosocial behaviour of preschool children in China and how this relationship is moderated by family income, an everchanging factor caused by rapid economic development in modern China. A total of 188 parents of preschool children responded to the questionnaires covering both family parenting style and prosocial behaviour scales for preschool children. The results showed that democratic parenting style has a significantly positive prediction on the total score and all dimensions of prosocial behaviour whereas neglecting parenting style is significantly and negatively correlated with the total score and dimensions of sharing and comfort in the prosocial behaviour. Authoritarian parenting style negatively predicts the morality dimension of the prosocial behaviour. Moreover, family income significantly moderates the relationship between parenting style and prosocial behaviour. The results suggest the importance of adopting positive parenting style to cultivate preschool children's prosocial behaviour.
Titanium dioxide powder prepared by a sol-gel method

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) powder was prepared by a sol-gel method. Titanium isopropoxide (Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4) and citric acid ((C3H5O(COO)3)H3·H2O) were used as the starting precursors with a mole ratio of 1 : 3. Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) was added to adjust the pH of the mixed final solutions. Co-precipitation powder was obtained with the final solutions at pH = 2, 4 and 6. The powder was dried at 80 C for 24 h and calcined at 400 and 800 C for 2 h with a heating rate of 5 K.minute−. The phase transformation was investigated by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The anatase structure of titanium dioxide was obtained after calcination at 400 and 800 C for 2 h. The microstructure was characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The range of particle size was 0.1-0.5 μm with an irregular particle shape.
Academic Fraud in Online System during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Lampung - Indonesia

This study aims to find indications of academic fraud in the implementation of final semester assessment online from the perspective of diamond fraud theory consisting of four dimensions; pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and capability. This quantitative study with a questionnaire created with Microsoft Form to collect the required data. This research was conducted in Lampung Tengah on December 14, 2020, from 07.30 to 15.00 WIB using the Microsoft Form questionnaire. The number of samples in this study was 81. Respondents in this study were 3 vocational high school students in Lampung Tengah Regency who participated in the final semester assessment online. The data obtained is processed using the line analysis method with Smart PLS 3.3. 2 software. The results showed that pressures and opportunities have no significant effect on academic cheating in the implementation of final semester assessment online. While rationalization and positive ability have a significant effect on academic cheating in the assessment of the final semester online. In addition to the impact of academic fraud, the results of this study provide solutions to reduce the occurrence of academic fraud in Vocational High School students conducted online.
Portable Spectroscopy Calibration with Inexpensive and Simple Sampling Reference Alternatives for Dry Matter and Total Carotenoid Contents in Cassava Roots

The use of standard laboratory methods for trait evaluation is expensive and challenging, especially for low-resource breeding programs. For carotenoid assessment, rather than the standard HPLC method, these programs mostly rely on proxy approaches for quantitative total carotenoid content (TCC) assessment. To ensure data transferability and consistency, calibration models were developed using TCC iCheck and Chroma Meter proxy methods for the adoption of the alternative near-infrared phenotyping method in cassava. Calibration was developed for dry matter content (DMC) using a simple and inexpensive sampling procedure associated with the proxy TCC protocols. The partial least square (PLS) and random forest (RF) models were compared for the two traits, and the correlation (r) between the actual and predicted values in the training and validation (in bracket) sets of r = 0.85 (0.76) and r = 0.98 (0.82) with PLS and RF, respectively, for iCheck, and r = 0.99 (0.96) and r = 0.99 (0.96) with PLS and RF, respectively, for Chroma Meter, was obtained. The calibration result of r = 0.93 (0.83) and r = 0.99 (0.81) using PLS and RF, respectively, was obtained for DMC. This effort is valuable in carotenoids improvement and supports the ongoing effort in adopting portable spectrometers for rapid and cheap phenotyping in cassava.
Perceived Family Function and Associated Predictors in Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Nurses play a key role in the health care system. However, clinical nurses experience different kinds of stressors that might impact the nurses' quality of life or quality of care. Family is one of the main social support resources, and quality family function might improve the quality of care provided by nurses. However, evidence on family function in Chinese clinical nurses is quite limited. Objectives The current study was to evaluate the family function of the Chinese clinical nurses, and to explore associated predicting factors. Methods A multi-center cross-sectional anonymous online survey was carried out. Chinese Family Function Scale was used in the study. Spearman's rank correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, or Kruskal-Wallis H test was performed in the univariate analysis. The pairwise comparison method was used to determine whether the difference was significant between pair groups. Categorical regression (optimal scaling regression) was the main method to analyze factors that had been confirmed to be statistically significant in the univariate analysis. Results Nineteen thousand four hundred and twenty-two nurses completed the online questionnaires. The median of the nurse's perceived family function score was three (Inter-quartile Range: IQR 2–5). The multivariate analysis showed that the highest education level (P <0.001), the hospital level (P <0 .001), rotation shift status (P <0.001), working department (P < 0.001), number of children (P < 0.001), monthly income per family member (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with family function. Moreover, the importance of the factors was the number of children (49.1%), monthly income per family member (20.7%), rotation shift status (12.4%), the highest education level (8.0%), the hospital level (7.6%), and working department (2.4%) in turn. Conclusions The family function was associated with multiple factors, which hints that managers, leaders, and government could make strategies to improve nurses' family function in order to lead nurses to make a balance between family and work. Policymakers, nursing managers, and employers should make strategies such as promoting children-care services, increasing nurses' income, educating and training enough nurses, and building a well-established system of career development to help clinical nurses improve their family function so that to improve the quality of care.
Sustainable Geographical Changes in Rural Areas: Key Paths, Orientations and Limits

Rural differentiation processes have formed the backbone of rural studies. Owing to the strength of rural–urban and local–global relationships, the theoretical approaches to rural restructuring in the Anglo-Saxon world and new rurality in Latin America only have a limited capacity to explain contemporary global phenomena of rural spaces. Due to this, transverse theoretical and methodological approaches have emerged to explain social, environmental and spatial (rural) processes. Here, a new approach is proposed called the individual–global field, based on the individual–global binary category to substitute the traditional relevance of the locality–community–globality association This new approach tries to reinvigorate rural geography in a more flexible way, based on minor theory, to adapt to all the phenomena that can occur globally. In any case, various spatial planes are proposed, dominated by specific socioeconomic processes on which the rural individual would move.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of paddy straw pulp treated using deep eutectic solvent

This study focus on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of paddy straw pulp treated using deep eutectic solvent (DES). DES was synthesized using potassium carbonate and glycerol at different molar ratio under normal atmospheric pressure. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass was carried out at temperature of 120°C for 60 minutes under mass ratio of paddy straw to DES 1:9. The chemical structures of the untreated paddy straw and paddy straw pulp treated with different molar ratio of DES were analyzed using FTIR. The characterization result from FT-IR spectra indicated that the potassium carbonate-glycerol DES deconstructed the structures of paddy straw by removing lignin and hemicellulose during the pulping process. The peak intensity that occurs at region between 900 cm−1 and 1500 cm−1 shows that the presence of elevated level of cellulose after lignocellulosic pulping. From FT-IR analysis, DES could not remove the functional group of lignin and hemicellulose completely but yet expos.