Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Stature of Eastern Indians from Measurements of Tibial Length

Estimation of stature of an individual from tibial length is well tested parameter for identification and reconstruction of an individuals physic, utilized in anthropological research and medico legal cases. Earlier work in Eastern Indian population was done about a century back. Present work is undertaken to assess whether the earlier works done in this population are still applicable at present with reformation of population associated with change in time. The present study was undertaken to deduce a regression equation formulae for prediction of stature from tibial length and vice versa; the authors also wanted to make a comparison (test of significance) of stature and dry tibial length separately for males and females. The present study is based on the measurements of tibial length and body height of total 518 cadavers between 23 to 75 years of age. The maximal tibial length was measured by oblique caliper. The supine length was measured by steel tape. Obtained data was analyzed and attempt was made to find out correlation and to derive a regression formula between tibial length and supine length of an individual. A good correlation of stature was observed with tibial length and it was statistically highly significant. The regression equation for Eastern Indian males is S=71.2333+2.5792 T and that of Eastern Indian females is S = 65.345 + 2.6914 T. The difference between the estimated stature of males by application of the present regression equation and that of Nat [1] or Pan [2] was much less (underestimation of 2.8202 cm and 0.2202 cm respectively). However for females, Nat [1] did not offer any multiplying factor and applying the Pan’s factor and adjusting for the wet tibia, an underestimation of 3.27 cm was obtained. Thus, while Pan’s factor for males closely followed the present regression estimations, which for females yielded a wider difference. Quite paradoxically, Trotter’s and Gleser’s [3] regression equation for black negroes was the closest approximation (apart form the Pan’s multiplication factor for male) of our regression equation and applicable for the population of Eastern India. In conclusion the author(s) opine that to calculate the stature of eastern Indian females, the present regression equation should be used. The results of the present study would be useful for Anthropologists and Forensic Medicine Experts. But, some questions still remain: has the stature of only Eastern Indian females increased since last century? If so why? Is there any evolutionary relation between Eastern Indians and Black Negroes? Much more future studies have to be conducted in different regions of India to come to a definite conclusion.
Seasonal predictability of summer fires in a Mediterranean environment

In this study we explore the seasonal predictability of summer wildfires in a Mediterranean region (north-eastern Spain), developing a multiple linear regression model with antecedent and current-summer drought indices (Standardised Precipitation Index; and Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index). This model is based on the assumption that large summer fires in Mediterranean environments are favoured by current-summer drought (proxy for the climatic factors that affect fuel flammability) and by antecedent wet conditions (proxies for the climatic factors influencing fine fuel availability and connectivity). We test three forecast systems based on (i) seasonal European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) System-4 forecasts; (ii) persistence and (iii) climatology. These approaches are evaluated through a leave-one-out cross-validation over the period 1983–2012. The climatology forecast, which considers only antecedent wet or dry conditions with a time lag of 2 years, shows some amount of skill in simulating above- or below-normal summer fire activity. ECMWF System-4 proves to be of limited added value with respect to the climatology forecast. Finally, the persistence forecast, which is driven by antecedent conditions and drought conditions just before the start of the fire season, allows more satisfactory results (correlation of 0.49). The results suggest that long-term forecasts of above-normal burned area are feasible in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain), information that could be potentially applied also to other Mediterranean-type regions.
Design of Experimental Streams for Simulating Headwater Stream Restoration 1

Huang, Jung‐Chen, William J. Mitsch, and Andrew D. Ward, 2010. Design of Experimental Streams for Simulating Headwater Stream Restoration. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐15. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010. 00467.x
Panel on Dietetic Products , Nutrition and Allergies ( NDA ) ; Scientific Opinion related to the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) , docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) and docosapentaenoic acid ( DPA )

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) of the n-3 LCPUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). Available data are insufficient to establish a UL for n-3 LCPUFA (individually or combined) for any population group. At observed intake levels, consumption of n-3 LCPUFA has not been associated with adverse effects in healthy children or adults. Long-term supplemental intakes of EPA and DHA combined up to about 5 g/day do not appear to increase the risk of spontaneous bleeding episodes or bleeding complications, or affect glucose homeostasis immune function or lipid peroxidation, provided the oxidative stability of the n-3 LCPUFAs is guaranteed. Supplemental intakes of EPA and DHA combined at doses of 2-6 g/day, and of DHA at doses of 2-4 g/day, induce an increase in LDL-cholesterol concentrations of about 3 % which may not have an adverse effect on cardiovascular disease risk, whereas EPA at doses up to 4 g/day has no significant effect on LDL cholesterol. Supplemental intakes of EPA and DHA combined at doses up to 5 g/day, and supplemental intakes of EPA alone up to 1.8 g/day, do not raise safety concerns for adults. Dietary recommendations for EPA and DHA based on cardiovascular risk considerations for European adults are between 250 and 500 mg/day. Supplemental intakes of DHA alone up to about 1 g/day do not raise safety concerns for the general population. No data are available for DPA when consumed alone. In the majority of the human studies considered, fish oils, also containing DPA in generally unknown (but relatively low) amounts, were the source of EPA and DHA. © European Food Safety Authority, 2012.
An Empirical Investigation of the Relationships between Ethical Beliefs , Ethical Ideology , Political Preference and Need for Closure of Dutch-Speaking Consumers in Belgium

In recent years, Belgium has often been cited in the international press in connection with unethical practices. Consequently, the public has started to pay more attention to unethical behavior, as it is almost daily front-page news. This study investigates the ethical judgments of the Dutch-speaking population of Belgium (60% of the total Belgian population). It is based on a representative survey of 286 respondents. An analysis is presented of the relationships between consumers’ ethical beliefs, ethical ideology, Machiavellianism, political preference and the individual difference variable ‘need for closure’. To make international comparison possible, standard measurement tools of proven reliability and robustness are used to measure ethical beliefs (consumer ethics scale), ethical ideology (ethical positioning), Machiavellianism (Mach IV scale) and need for closure. The analysis finds the following. <deel weggelaten>First, a significant relationship exists between ethical ideology (based on idealism and relativism), Machiavellianism, gender and ethical beliefs. Second, individuals with a high need for closure tend to have beliefs that are more ethical as regards possible consumer actions, and score higher on idealism and lower on Machiavellianism, than those with a low need for closure. Third, a correlation exists between political preference and ethical beliefs. Furthermore, a significant relationship exists between ethical ideology and political preference for the two largest political parties. Fourth, individuals with a high and low need for closure have different political preferences for right-wing and left-wing parties.
Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Characterize Floating Point Benchmarks using Hardware Events

The pursuit of improved computing architecture drives continuous innovation to enhance user application performance. One such advancement involves the implementation of floating-point accelerators. However, identifying applications heavily reliant on floating-point operations proves complex due to application intricacies. Selecting optimal workloads for execution on floating-point accelerators can yield significant benefits, including up to a 30% reduction in execution time. In this article, the authors propose a novel approach that leverages machine learning algorithms and meticulous analysis to identify the minimum hardware performance counters necessary for detecting applications with significant utilization of floating-point operations. Our methodology achieves an accuracy of 69% using unsupervised machine learning and 100% using supervised machine learning. By focusing on workloads that stress new CPU designs, this approach streamlines the development and validation of novel computing architectures. It effectively pinpoints ideal candidates for benchmarking new floating-point co-processors, optimizes test execution time, and minimizes power consumption during the validation phase. This research promises to drive advancements in computing architecture, leading to improved application performance and efficiency.
Epidemiologia da leishmaniose visceral no município de Sabará, Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil

The purpose of the present study was to investigate some epidemiological aspects related the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in eight districts of the town of Sabara, in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. We surveyed the local phlebotomine sand fly fauna and the main feeding sources, analyzed the interference of climate variables on the populational fluctuation and verified the rates of natural infection of vector species of VL. The entomological captures were performed with HP light traps, from January 2011 to December 2012, in both intra and peridomiciles of houses located in the following districts of Sabara: Alvorada, Novo Alvorada, Alvorada Velho, Bom Retiro, Nova Vista, Casa Branca, Rio Negro and Ana Lucia. During our study, the plebotomine sand fly population showed a tendency to increase after the rainy period. Four species of phlebotomine sand flies were present, most of them (95.0%) being Lutzomyia longipalpis. Twenty-three percent of them was captured inside the houses. Amongst 28 engorged females, 67.9% had fed on humans (Homo sapiens) and 25% on chicken (Gallus gallus). Leishmania infantum DNA was genotyped in three of nine pooled samples of Lu. longipalpis. Two canine census surveys were performed in the same districts allowing the calculation of the average positivity rate of canine VL, in each year of study, as 4.25% in 2011 and 3.34% in 2012. Fifty among the seropositive dogs for VL faded to euthanasia were randomly selected for parasitological and molecular analyses of tissues (skin, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen, as well as bone marrow aspirates). All those samples gave 100% of positivity by PCR, 76% positivity by myeloculture and 66% positivity by direct parasitological examination. The highest overall positivity (98%) was obtained with lymph nodes, where the infecting parasite was also genotyped as L. infantum. The combined analysis of the human and canine cases of VL and the vector population data in Sabara, allow us to suggest that Alvorada and Nova Vista districts deserve special attention as main risk areas of VL in the city.
Transformation Dynamics of Desertification in Horqin Sandy Land at the Beginning of the 21st Century

Visual interpretation remarks were established by taking TM images in 2000 and 2005 as information source.Then desertification dynamic in Horqin Sandy Land in recent five years is monitored with the help of images and data processing function of GIS.The results showed that desertified land changed from 22423.1 km2 in 2000 to 22422.4 km2 in 2005,only at a reducing rate of 0.14 km2·a-1.This indicated that the constant aggravation of the desertification trend in the study area has been basically controlled and tends to be in a relatively stable state.The degree of transformation dynamics of desertification is different for different types of land,desertification degree has been mitigated evidently for the primary desertified land,and the difference is 958.9 km2 between reversal area and deteriorative area.At the same time,there are 113.3 km2 of non-desertified land desertification at a rate of 22.7 km2·a-1.Therefore,great attention should be paid to this phenomenon.
Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters of Drinking Water in the Schools of Bagnashkali, Palpa, Nepal

This study aims to assess the physicochemical parameters of drinking water in schools in the Bagnashkali Rural Municipality in Nepal according to standard methods. Physicochemical analysis was performed at the Department of Chemistry at Tribhuvan Multiple Campus, Palpa, in March 2022 using samples collected randomly from different schools. The study found that water samples from schools in Bagnashkali meet NDWQS and WHO guidelines as pH (7.28- 7.98), hardness(60-140 mg/L), conductivity (65.3-173.2 µs/cm), alkalinity (46-96.6 mg/L), chloride (0.3-0.7 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (9.12-12.6 mg/L), total dissolved solids (9.12-12.6 mg/L), free CO2 (7.04-10.56 mg/L) and iron (0.017-0.068 mg/L) which were all except for temperature within acceptable limits. The temperature of the water samples in this study ranged from 21°C to 28°C. The study found that the water quality in the selected schools was good and met the acceptable standards in terms of physicochemical parameters.
Depositional δ18O Signatures in Proterozoic Dolostones: Constraints on Seawater Chemistry and Early Diagenesis

ABSTRAcr The Mesoproterozoic Society Cliffs Formation consists of approximately 700 meters of cyclic peritidal dolostones that were deposited on an extensive shallow marine platform Stratigraphic analysis allows thereconstruction of broad hydrologic and paleoenvironmental conditions on the platform Kah in press and sedimentological and paleobiological information help constrain such aspects of the depositional environment as the origin of precipitated carbonate degree of evaporation temperature and timing and environment of early diagenesis Together these observations provide an independent framework within which to examine the geochemical record of carbonate deposition and early diagenesis During evolution of the Society Cliffs platform shoaling and subaerial exposure of a mid ramp intraclastic oolitic grainstone shoal restricted circulation of marine waters within an areally extensive microbial flat Evaporation during periods of restriction resulted in widespreadprecipitation of abiotic seafloorcarbonate precipitates and marine sulfates Early dolomitization of these primary phases isevidenced by a close correspondence of petrographic fabrics preserved in dolomite and early diagenetic chert and by excellentfabric retention during dolomitization of highly soluble evaporite phases Dolomitic rocksof the Society Cliffs Formation retain a pattern of oxygen isotopic variation that reflects regional depositional environments Whereas mid ramp do10stones record the isotopically lightest values 0 0 0 ramp do10stones vary from 0 to 0 values consistent with the isotopic enrichment of marine waters during periods of restriction and evaporation An additional 2 3 0 enrichment of 01S0 in subaerially exposed cycle caps to 3 0 in mid ramp facies and I 0 in inner ramp facies suggests a continued evaporative influence during widespread exposure of the platform Data require that depositional as well as diagenetic variation be accounted for when interpreting the sedimentary record of 0 0 Furthermore evidence that significant primary paleoenvironmental variation in 01S0 can be retained in ProIerozoic dolostones suggests first that isotopic compositions were imparted during early dolomitization and second that samples containing the most enriched ISO abundances cannot a priori be presumed to record least altered isotopic signatures Therefore despite a recognized propensity for alteration when evaluated within an independently derived depositional framework oxygen isotopic compositions of shallow marine dolostone facies may provide important constraints on both the geochemical evolution of marine systems and processes of early diagenesis
The supply of subglacial meltwater to the grounding line of the Siple Coast, West Antarctica

Abstract Recent satellite studies have shown that active subglacial lakes exist under the Antarctic ice streams and persist almost to their grounding lines. When the lowest-lying lakes flood, the water crosses the grounding line and enters the sub-ice-shelf cavity. Modeling results suggest that this additional freshwater influx may significantly enhance melting at the ice-shelf base. We examine the spatial and temporal variability in subglacial water supply to the grounding lines of the Siple Coast ice streams, by combining estimates for lake volume change derived from Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) data with a model for subglacial water transport. Our results suggest that subglacial outflow tends to concentrate towards six embayments in the Siple Coast grounding line. Although mean grounding line outflow is ~60m3 s–1 for the entire Siple Coast, maximum local grounding line outflow may temporarily exceed 300 m3 s–1 during the synchronized flooding of multiple lakes in a hydrologic basin. Variability in subglacial outflow due to subglacial lake drainage may account for a substantial portion of the observed variability in freshwater flux out of the Ross Ice Shelf cavity. The temporal variability in grounding line outflow results in a net reduction in long-term average melt rate, but temporary peak melting rates may exceed the long-term average by a factor of three.
Comparing reconstructed Pleistocene equilibrium‐line altitudes in the tropical Andes of central Peru

Glacier equilibrium‐line altitude (ELA), and the difference between modern and palaeo‐ELA can be interpreted as a proxy for climate change. One issue in ELA reconstruction is that different methods of ΔELA reconstruction may produce a range of results for the same palaeoglacier. When a range of methods is used to reconstruct ELAs across a region, resulting variations may be related to the method rather than the past climate. Palaeoclimatic interpretation of ELAs that were reconstructed by different methods may prompt spurious inferences if the ELA range is the result of methodological differences rather than climatic variation. We address the relationship and degree of variation between methods by comparing terminus‐to‐headwall‐altitude ratio (THAR), accumulation–area ratio (AAR), and accumulation‐area balance ratio (AABR) methods for palaeoglaciers in four valleys in the tropical Andes. Valleys in the eastern cordillera of the Peruvian Andes bordering the Junin Plain (11° S, 76° W, ca. 4100 m a.s.l.) are presently ice‐free but were glaciated repeatedly during the Pleistocene. We use a combination of 90‐m shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) data, 15‐m Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data, and 1:25 000 topographic maps to reconstruct ELAs. Within each of three groups of moraines, map‐based THAR and AABR estimates of ELA tend to be highest, followed by DEM‐derived THAR ELAs, with AAR‐reconstructed ELAs somewhat lower in this region. ELA estimates for the local Last Glacial Maximum (LLGM) range from ca. 4250 to 4570 m a.s. l. , with ΔELAs of ca. −220 to −550 m (depending on valley and method used). Within individual valleys, ΔELAs for the same palaeoglaciers calculated by different methods vary by ± 100 m. ELAs of the LLGM glaciers and those of the largest glaciers to occupy the Junin valleys (> 65 ka) are not markedly different from each other, regardless of the method used in their calculation, which is largely a reflection of the valley hypsometry in the region. Our analysis suggests relatively low decreases in temperature during glacial periods in the region (ca. 2.5± 1°C). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carboniferous (Tournaisian) fish assemblages from the Isle of Bute, Scotland: systematics and palaeoecology

We describe fish assemblages from the Carboniferous (mid‐ to late Tournaisian) Ballagan Formation at two localities, Hawk's Nib and Mill Hole, on the Isle of Bute, Scotland. Fossil material occurs in thin, locally reworked dolomitic limestone beds, interpreted as the deposits of very shallow lakes or lagoons, developed on, or adjacent to, a seasonally dry coastal plain. The mostly disarticulated fossils comprise isolated teeth, mandibles, scales, tesserae, dermal bones, lepidotrichia and vertebrae. The fauna includes rhizodonts (cf. Archichthys portlocki, cf. Strepsodus sauroides), lungfish (Sagenodus sp.), other sarcopterygians (Megalichthys sp.), one shark (Ageleodus pectinatus), climatiiform acanthodians and indeterminate actinopterygians. The Mill Hole assemblage is especially noteworthy because it includes some putative juvenile forms (Archichthys and Sagenodus). A critical review of the habitat preferences of the documented taxa suggests that most were either euryhaline or, in the case of Archichthys, probably endemic to brackish or freshwater settings. The Bute fish beds fall within a crucial evolutionary period during which many fish and other animal groups were infiltrating nonmarine environments, either passively or actively. It may be that lakes and lagoons may have functioned as protected nurseries for juveniles during this wave of colonization.
Innovative Agricultural Approaches of Promoting Food Security in Eritrea: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities for Growth: Proceedings of the Workshop of the Association of Eritreans in Agricultural Sciences (AEAS)

Eritrea is a Sahel country in terms of climate, and rainfall is low and highly variable. Shortage of food is thus a recurrent problem, and food security one of the key issues in development. The present publication presents the results of a nationwide workshop organised in 2006 in Asmara, Eritrea, by the Association of Eritreans in Agricultural Sciences (AEAS). The workshop was attended by over 200 participants from government administration, academia, development circles including NGOs and UN organisations. Specifically, the present publication deals with themes such as biotechnology, non-wood forest products, spate irrigation, the role of women relating to food security, and institutional and organisational aspects of food security. It also contains a chapter with policy recommendations, as well as an extensive summary of the main findings (paper abstracts) in Tigrinya.