Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INFINITELY MANY SOLUTIONS FOR THE DIRICHLET PROBLEM ON THE SIERPINSKI GASKET

We study the nonlinear elliptic equation Δu(x) + a(x)u(x) = g(x)f(u(x)) on the Sierpinski gasket and with zero Dirichlet boundary condition. By extending a method introduced by Faraci and Kristaly in the framework of Sobolev spaces to the case of function spaces on fractal domains, we establish the existence of infinitely many weak solutions.
AN IMPROVED SECOND-ORDER NUMERICAL METHOD FOR THE GENERALIZED BURGERS–FISHER EQUATION

Abstract A second-order in time finite-difference scheme using a modified predictor–corrector method is proposed for the numerical solution of the generalized Burgers–Fisher equation. The method introduced, which, in contrast to the classical predictor–corrector method is direct and uses updated values for the evaluation of the components of the unknown vector, is also analysed for stability. Its efficiency is tested for a single-kink wave by comparing experimental results with others selected from the available literature. Moreover, comparisons with the classical method and relevant analogous modified methods are given. Finally, the behaviour and physical meaning of the two-kink wave arising from the collision of two single-kink waves are examined.
Characterization of in-grown stacking faults in 4H–SiC (0001) epitaxial layers and its impacts on high-voltage Schottky barrier diodes

The density, shape and structure of in-grown stacking faults in 4H–SiC (0001) epitaxial layers have been characterized by cathodeluminescence, photoluminescence and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. These analyses indicate that in-grown stacking faults are of 8H structure, and are generated mostly near the epilayer/substrate interface during chemical vapor deposition. The impact of the stacking faults on the performance of 4H–SiC (0001) Schottky barrier diodes has been investigated. It is revealed that the stacking faults cause the lowering of Schottky barrier height as well as the decrease of breakdown voltage.
Some problems of analytic number theory on arithmetic semigroups

: Let E be a set of primes with density τ > 0 in the set of primes. Write A for the set of positive integers composed solely of primes from E . We discuss the distribution of the integers from A in short intervals, and whether for ﬁxed k ∈ Z there are solutions to m + k = p with m ∈ A , where p denotes a prime, or m + k = n where n has a large prime factor ( > n ξ for ξ > 12 ).
Skin Lesion Segmentation Using Attention-Based DenseUNet

: Skin lesion segmentation in dermoscopic images is still a challenging problem due to the blurry borders and low contrast of the lesions. Deep learning networks, like U-Net, have been successfully used to segment medical images over the past few years, and their performance has improved in terms of time and accuracy. This paper proposes an automated method for segmenting lesion boundaries that combines two architectures (i.e., the U-Net and the DenseNet as backbone) as well as the attention mechanism. Moreover, we also used adaptive gamma correction to enhance the contrast of the image, which considerably enhanced the segmentation results. Furthermore, we trained our model on the ISIC 2016, the ISIC 2017, and the ISIC 2018 datasets. Finally, the qualitative and quantitative experimental results of the skin lesion segmentation are very promising.
Modification of daytime compressional waves by the ionosphere: First results from OERSTED

Ionospheric modulation of compressible hydromagnetic waves has been examined using the scalar magnetic field data obtained from the Oersted satellite and ground magnetic data from the Japanese sector. It is shown that the day side ionosphere introduces significant phase delays for frequencies in excess of about 20 mHz. The phase delay increases with frequency and with increase in the conductivity of the ionosphere. There is also an increase in the amplitude of the wave above equatorial day side ionosphere. The uniformly excellent coherence between the satellite and ground oscillations and systematically good correlation between the filtered time series at the two levels suggests that the compressible hydromagnetic waves are phase coherent over a wide range of latitudes.
Electromagnetic modeling of composite metallic and dielectric structures

Starting from equivalence theorem any composite metallic and dielectric structure can be analyzed by using SIE (Surface Integral Equation). Such integral equations are usually solved by MOM (Method Of Moments). Most of the existing MOM methods for solving SIE are developed for BORs (Bodies Of Revolution). There are only few such methods that can handle structure of arbitrary shape. These methods use sub-domain basis functions defined over the triangles, requiring very large number of unknowns even for simplest problems. Particularly, these methods can not model the multiple junction of metallic and/or dielectric edges and protrusion of wire through the dielectric surface. Hence, most problems of interest in practice can not be successfully analyzed by the existing methods.
Cooperative Games in Stochastic Characteristic Function Form

Additional results are presented in this paper which further extend and modify the theory of cooperative games in characteristic function form so as to encompass situations where the values of the coalitions are random variables with given distribution functions. We reintroduce the prior nucleolus and provide a new characterization of it in terms of an optimal solution to a finite sequence of consistent and bounded NLP problems. From this new characterization it follows immediately that the prior nucleolus is unique for strictly monotone increasing distribution functions. We also extend the notions of objections and counterobjections to these games and construct and study the prior kernel and prior bargaining set PR1i. A new notion of solution for the second part of the play of these games is suggested.
Examination of the accuracy of a tangent linear model

The accuracy of a tangent linear version of a 3-dimensional mesoscale primitive equation model (the PSU/NCAR MM4) is investigated by comparing its results with those produced by identical perturbations introduced in nonlinear forecasts of the original model. Moist physical processes are not considered in this study. For perturbation magnitudes as large as typical current analysis errors, the perturbation tendencies are shown to be very accurately estimated by the tangent linear model (TLM), with greater relative error in a summer case than in a winter one. The evolutions of perturbations in forecasts out to 72 h are also accurately estimated, although the unperturbed lateral boundary conditions that act to sweep perturbations out of the domain are an artificial means of perturbation constraint. It is shown that for many cases it is sufficient to approximate a true TLM by using an infrequent update of the basic state, thereby reducing the amount of stored fields and input required by the TLM software. For perturbations not smaller than one-tenth the size of typical analysis errors, a 30-min update appears sufficient. The TLM accuracy is related to the accuracy of adjoint sensitivity calculations with regard to finite-amplitude perturbations. An example of an adjoint application is shown to have two-digit accuracy for a moderately sized perturbation. All these results indicate that our TLM and corresponding adjoint yield quantitatively accurate results for many important uses. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1993. 00010.x
Curriculum Learning for Compositional Visual Reasoning

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a complex task requiring large datasets and expensive training. Neural Module Networks (NMN) first translate the question to a reasoning path, then follow that path to analyze the image and provide an answer. We propose an NMN method that relies on predefined cross-modal embeddings to ``warm start'' learning on the GQA dataset, then focus on Curriculum Learning (CL) as a way to improve training and make a better use of the data. Several difficulty criteria are employed for defining CL methods. We show that by an appropriate selection of the CL method the cost of training and the amount of training data can be greatly reduced, with a limited impact on the final VQA accuracy. Furthermore, we introduce intermediate losses during training and find that this allows to simplify the CL strategy.
On the global solubility of the Monge-Ampere hyperbolic equations

This paper is devoted to the solubility of the Cauchy problem for the Monge-Ampere hyperbolic equations, in particular, for quasi-linear equations with two independent variables. It is proved that this problem has a unique maximal solution in the class of multi-valued solutions. The notion of a multi-valued solution goes back to Monge, Lie, et al. It is an historical predecessor of the notion of a generalized solution in the Sobolev-Schwartz sense. The relationship between multi-valued and generalized solutions of linear differential equations is established.
Crab giant pulses at low frequencies

We report observations of the Crab pulsar at frequencies in the range of 110-180 MHz. The combination of coherent dedispersion and the narrow synthesised beam of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope resulted in a sensitive observation. Our improved sensitivity and resolution allow us to confirm the presence of a precursor to the interpulse at these frequencies. We also detected more than 1000 giant pulses and find that the interpulse precursor component shows no giant pulse emission. Therefore, we attribute it to a similar emission source as the precursor to the mainpulse. Together these precursors might be the normal emission seen from the majority of radio pulsars. From the dispersion-free giant pulses, we find that the emission rate is \�{}10-20 ? 10-3 s-1 and the scatter timescale in the range of \�{}1.5-5.6 ms. We further find that the radio flux of the pulsar is 6-11 Jy in this frequency range.
“Study of association of serum lipid profile, IL-6, & ADMA levels with subclinical hypothyroidism”

Background & Objectives: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) represents the mildest form of thyroid hormone deficiency and may be associated with adverse consequences. SCH is defined as an elevated serum thyrotropin (often referred to as thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH) level with normal levels of free thyroxine (FT4) that affects up to 10% of the adult population. The identification of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism having an increased cardiovascular risk is of great importance in the present era. The aim of the study was to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: 120 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and 120 age and gender matched healthy euthyroid controls in the age group of 18-70 years were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, and levels of serum biomarkers were estimated in both the groups and further compared using student t-test. Lipid profile was also correlated with the serum ADMA & IL-6 and the results were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism had significantly higher levels of serum TSH, IL-6 and ADMA. Similarly, serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly increased and HDL-C was significantly decreased in SCH patients when compared to the same parameters of controls (p<0.001). Significant positive correlations were found among lipid profile and serum IL-6 & ADMA. Conclusions: The present study concluded that the SCH patients presented increased concentrations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors viz. IL-6, ADMA & lipid profile. The potential benefits of diagnosis and treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism may have possible advantages firstly by preventing the progression to overt hypothyroidism and secondly decrease the risk of death from cardiovascular disease by starting appropriate therapy to improve lipid parameters.
Exploring the Variance Risk Premium Across Assets

This paper explores the variance risk premium in option returns across twenty different futures, including equities, bonds, currencies, and commodities (energy, metals, and grains). We implement a novel model-free methodology that constructs tradable option portfolios, which replicate realized variance. In the period 2006–2020, most assets had significant variance risk premiums, but the realized S&P 500 variance risk premium was not significantly different from zero. Within a particular asset, option prices across different strikes are related to the level of volatility and the correlation of volatility with futures returns. Returns to variance are not associated with systematic risk, but are related to fat tails, consistent with option dealers demanding a premium for holding idiosyncratic volatility risk. Contrary to Bollerslev et al. (2009), we find that option-implied variance does not positively predict underlying futures returns for the majority of assets. However, implied variance does predict returns to variance-sensitive option portfolios.
Endoreversible thermal cycle with a nonlinear heat transfer law

We calculate the efficiency of an endoreversible Carnot‐type cycle in the maximum power regime by using a nonlinear heat transfer law (the so‐called Dulong and Petit’s law of cooling). The results obtained from this model compare well (around 99% in some cases) with observed efficiencies for several power plants. The considered law of cooling includes conductive‐ convective and radiative contributions to the heat exchange between the working fluid and its surroundings. Our calculations improve considerably those obtained by means of a linear heat transfer law for the same power sources. We also analyze a nuclear power plant using an ecological optimization criterion for finite‐time heat engines.
Radiation hard polyimide-coated FBG optical sensors for relative humidity monitoring in the CMS experiment at CERN

This work investigates the performance and the radiation hardness capability of optical thermo-hygrometers based on Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBG) for humidity monitoring in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS), one of the four experiments running at CERN in Geneva. A thorough campaign of characterization was performed on 80 specially produced Polyimide-coated RH FBG sensors and 80 commercial temperature FBG sensors. Sensitivity, repeatability and accuracy were studied on the whole batch, putting in evidence the limits of the sensors, but also showing that they can be used in very dry conditions. In order to extract the humidity measurements from the sensor readings, commercial temperature FBG sensors were characterized in the range of interest. Irradiation campaigns with ionizing radiation (γ-rays from a Co60 source) at incremental absorbed doses (up to 210 kGy for the T sensors and up to 90 kGy for the RH sensors) were performed on sample of T and RH-Sensors. The results show that the sensitivity of the sensors is unchanged up to the level attained of the absorbed dose, while the natural wavelength peak of each sensor exhibits a radiation-induced shift (signal offset). The saturation properties of this shift are discussed.
Examining the Impact of a Cognitive Strategies Approach on the Argument Writing of Mainstreamed English Learners in Secondary School

The stagnation of National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Writing scores demonstrates the need for research-based instruction that improves writing for all students, especially English learners. In this article, we synthesize the literature on effective instructional practices for this diverse group of learners and describe how these strategies are leveraged in a teacher professional development program that has been previously shown to improve students’ argument writing. Then, we share results of a study that focuses on distinct subgroups of secondary English learners students to (a) determine their needs and challenges and (b) examine the impact of a cognitive strategies approach on rhetorical and linguistic aspects of writing at posttest. Results show English learners have considerable challenges with higher-order tasks involved in writing literary arguments and with the linguistic demands of academic writing before receiving the intervention. However, after receiving the intervention, using descriptive statistics and multiple hierarchical linear regression, we show that these students grew in the areas of presentation of ideas, organization, evidence use, and language use. For example, students designated as reclassified English learners (RFEP [Reclassified Fluent English Proficient]) and students who have even more limited English proficiency (designated as EL [English learner] here) show improvements in many aspects of writing, especially in their ability to write claims and use evidence. In contrast, improvements in language use components were more limited for both groups of learners. Moreover, some of the gains due to being in the treatment were significant enough to bring the average EL student close to parity or beyond their EO (English Only) / IFEP (Initial Fluent English Proficient) peers in the control condition at posttest. We conclude by discussing pedagogical implications for English learners.
Direct 4D‐Var assimilation of all‐sky radiances. Part I: Implementation

This article describes a new radiance‐assimilation scheme for microwave‐imager observations, which unifies the treatment of clear‐sky, cloudy and precipitation‐affected situations, giving an all‐sky approach. This became operational in the four‐dimensional variational assimilation (4D‐Var) system of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts in March 2009, replacing a previous approach that assimilated radiances in clear skies and 1D‐Var retrievals of total column water vapour in clouds and precipitation. The new approach employs moist‐physics parametrizations and a multiple‐scattering radiative‐transfer model in the observation operator for all microwave‐imager observations. Observation‐operator accuracy, observation‐error definition and bias correction, basic observational impact, 4D‐Var linearity and stability as well as computational cost are described. Because of careful quality control and relatively large observation errors, the all‐sky system produces a weaker observational constraint on moisture analysis than the previous system. However, in single‐observation experiments in precipitating areas, using the same observation errors as in the previous 1D‐Var retrieval approach, the all‐sky system is able to produce 4D‐Var analyses that are slightly closer to the observations than before. Despite the nonlinearity of rain and cloud processes, 4D‐Var minimizes successfully through the use of an incremental technique. Overall, the quality of the 4D‐Var minimization, in terms of number of iterations and conditioning, is unaffected by the new approach. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
CHARACTERIZATION OF RHIZOBIUM ISOLATES AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS AGAINST FUSARIUM SOLANI AND MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA

This study recovered 15 Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium isolates from nodules of different legume plants (Faba bean, Pea, Soybean, and Clover) grown in nine Egyptian governorates representing the delta region (Menoufia, Gharbia, Suez, Qalubia, Cairo, Sharkia, Behirah, Kafr El-sheikh, and Ismailia). The infectivity test proceeded with all isolates retaining and infecting their hosts, demonstrating that they are Rhizobium cultures. Molecular identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the isolates belonged to two species of Rhizobium, namely Rhizobium leguminosarum (RL1, RL2, RL3, RL4, RL5, RL6, RL7, RL8, RL9, RL10, RL11, RL12, and RL13) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (BJ1 and BJ2). Moreover, PCR based on specific primers was employed to detect nifH gene in the genomes of tested isolates. Most of the isolates exhibited sensitivity toward antibiotics, and were able to produce HCN. The isolates of RL4, RL6, RL9, and RL10 were positive for chitinase activity and exhibited clear zones ranging from weak to sturdy. The antagonism evaluation of Rhizobium isolates against Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina ensued under in vitro conditions. The isolates RL6 and RL9 of R. leguminosarum were the most effective, suppressing more than 50% growth of M. phaseolina. Similarly, the isolates RL4, RL6, RL9, and RL10 revealed the most effective and inhibited more than 50% growth of F. solani. Interestingly, the isolates RL6 and RL9, which exhibited high levels of suppression against M. phaseolina, also displayed high levels of suppression against F. solani.
On properties of predictive priors in linear models

Abstract Utilizing the notion of matching predictives as in Berger and Pericchi, we show that for the conjugate family of prior distributions in the normal linear model, the symmetric Kullback-Leibler divergence between two particular predictive densities is minimized when the prior hyperparameters are taken to be those corresponding to the predictive priors proposed in Ibrahim and Laud and Laud and Ibrahim. The main application for this result is for Bayesian variable selection.
100-fs-level diode-pumped Yb-doped laser amplifiers

Ultrashort pulse lasers with pulse duration on the level of 100 fs can be used for à variety of interesting applications that rely on multiphoton processes or ultrafast dynamics. Up to now, this field was reserved to Ti:sapphire-based laser systems that exhibit a quite complex laser architecture and relatively low laser efficiency. This may be an important reason why such applications could not yet penetrate into large scale industrial applications. We have realized an Yb-doped tungstate-based regenerative amplifier in innovative amplifier architecture. We succeeded to produce 106-fs-pulses at 70μJ and 140 fs at 40 μJ pulse energy, respectively. The average power is on the level of several Watts. The optimized management and exploitation of dispersive and nonlinear effects during the amplification process inside the regenerative amplifier cavity enabled the generation of such short pulses with excellent temporal quality and in an extremely simple and robust laser architecture that is well suited for industrial environments. Applying the same amplifier architecture to an Yb:YAG thin disk regenerative amplifier enabled the generation of pulses as short as 360-fs at high pulse energies exceeding 200 μJ and high average powers of more than 30 W.
Traceability of mass in air to mass in vacuum: results on the correlation between the change in mass and the surface chemical state

For the study of the practical means of a dissemination of the redefined kilogram, measurements on 1 kg mass artefacts were carried out, combining high precision mass determination and element-specific surface chemical analysis by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In a sequence various processes were applied to steel, rhodium and gold artefacts. We studied the transfer from mass in air to mass in vacuum, several steps of hydrogen low-pressure plasma cleaning, cyclic exposure to air and vacuum and the natural contamination in air with time. Values for the gain and loss of mass due to the processes applied are provided. Reversible and irreversible sorption effects could be separated by means of mass determination, XPS and quartz crystal micro-balance. Possible pathways for the traceability of mass in vacuum to mass in air are discussed.
Simple optical waveform monitoring based on SOA and low-bandwidth PIN

A simple and low-cost all-optical equivalent-time sampling system is present. The optical sampling was realized by XGM in SOA and pulse-broadening in low-bandwidth PIN. A system model is funded based on noisy SOA dynamic function and a simplified equivalent electric circuit model about PIN. The sampling-recovery process had been simulated to validate the measuring capability of the sampler. Sampling error caused by ASE noise of SOA, thermal noise of PIN and time-domain jitter of control pulse is discussed too. Simulation results show that SOA XGM sampler can efficiently sample low repetition rate optical short pulse or short pulse with poor stability.