Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antineonatal Fc Receptor Antibody Treatment Ameliorates MOG-IgG–Associated Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Background and Objectives Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disorder (MOGAD) is a rare, autoimmune demyelinating CNS disorder, distinct from multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Characterized by pathogenic immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against MOG, a potential treatment strategy for MOGAD is to reduce circulating IgG levels, e.g., by interference with the IgG recycling pathway mediated by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). Although the optic nerve is often detrimentally involved in MOGAD, the effect of FcRn blockade on the visual pathway has not been assessed. Our objective was to investigate effects of a monoclonal anti-FcRn antibody in murine MOG-IgG–associated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods We induced active MOG35-55 EAE in C57Bl/6 mice followed by the application of a monoclonal MOG-IgG (8-18C5) 10 days postimmunization (dpi). Animals were treated with either a specific monoclonal antibody against FcRn (α-FcRn, 4470) or an isotype-matched control IgG on 7, 10, and 13 dpi. Neurologic disability was scored daily on a 10-point scale. Visual acuity was assessed by optomotor reflex. Histopathologic hallmarks of disease were assessed in the spinal cord, optic nerve, and retina. Immune cell infiltration was visualized by immunohistochemistry, demyelination by Luxol fast blue staining and complement deposition and number of retinal ganglion cells by immunofluorescence. Results In MOG-IgG–augmented MOG35-55 EAE, anti-FcRn treatment significantly attenuated neurologic disability over the course of disease (mean area under the curve and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): α-FcRn [n = 27], 46.02 [37.89–54.15]; isotype IgG [n = 24], 66.75 [59.54–73.96], 3 independent experiments), correlating with reduced amounts of demyelination and macrophage infiltration into the spinal cord. T- and B-cell infiltration and complement deposition remained unchanged. Compared with isotype, anti-FcRn treatment prevented reduction of visual acuity over the course of disease (median cycles/degree and interquartile range: α-FcRn [n = 16], 0.50 [0.48–0.55] to 0.50 [0.48–0.58]; isotype IgG [n = 17], 0.50 [0.49–0.54] to 0.45 [0.39–0.51]). Discussion We show preserved optomotor response and ameliorated course of disease after anti-FcRn treatment in an experimental model using a monoclonal MOG-IgG to mimic MOGAD. Selectively targeting FcRn might represent a promising therapeutic approach in MOGAD.
Highly Stable Artificial Synapses Based on Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions for Neuromorphic Computing Applications

Owing to the limited processing speed and power efficiency of the current computing method based on the von Neumann architecture, research on artificial synaptic devices for implementing neuromorphic computing capable of parallel computation is accelerating. The potential application of artificial synapses composed of ferroelectric tunnel junctions based on metal–hafnium zirconium oxide–metal structure for neuromorphic computing is investigated. Multiple resistance levels are implemented through partial polarization switching control, and synaptic plasticity is successfully imitated based on a high level of device stability and reproducibility. In addition, this device exhibits linear symmetric long‐term potentiation and long‐term depression using a highly variable pulse driving scheme. Finally, the artificial neural network applied with this synaptic device shows high classification accuracy (95.95%) for the Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology handwritten digits.
Clinical characteristics of patients with subacute thyroidits and factors affecting development hypothyroidism after subacute thyroiditis

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is typically a self-limiting, inflammatory disease. Patients can experience hypothyroidism during or after an episode. We examined the clinical characteristics based on laboratory and imaging studies in patients with SAT and possible factors contributing to the development of permanent hypothyroidism after SAT.We retrospectively examined medical records of patients diagnosed with SAT at one medical facility in Turkey. Patients known to have previous thyroid disease, those with <6 months of follow-up after resolution of SAT, and those who lacked sufficient data for analysis were excluded. Of the 283 patients identified 119 met all inclusion criteria. We extracted data on demographics, laboratory tests, neck pain and other symptoms, ultrasonography findings, medication use, and SAT recurrence. We examined the relationships between these variables and development of permanent hypothyroidism.The patients were 42 years old on average, and 78% were women. Most patients (70%) described flu-like symptoms before neck pain started; accordingly, 57% had initially visited a specialty other than endocrinology before SAT was diagnosed, and 28% had received antibiotics for misdiagnosed upper respiratory tract infection. In all, 10 patients (8.4%) developed permanent hypothyroidism after SAT. These patients had received steroids significantly longer than did those without permanent hypothyroidism (mean 17.7 vs. 8.9 weeks; P = .021). Development of hypothyroidism was significantly lower among patients with thyrotoxicosis.The diagnosis of SAT can be challenging. Patients who require longer-term steroids after SAT and who have recurrent SAT should be closely monitored for development of hypothyroidism.
Radio Wave Propagation in the Amazon Jungle - A Tutorial

This tutorial deals with radio wave propagation in a forest environment. Depending on the relative position of the radio stations, three propagation paths should be considered in the analysis of the problem: (a) Both equipments immersed in the jungle; (b) One radio equipment inside and the other on the ground outside the jungle; (c) A radio link between one equipment located in the forest and the other in a plane or helicopter. The optimum frequency for operation in the jung le and an experimental study aiming to estimate the electrical parameters of vegetation are also addressed. Important applications, such as search and rescue, military and scientific missions are mentioned.
Reframing whistleblowing intention: an analysis of individual and situational factors

Purpose This paper aims to reframe the whistleblowing process by examining the individual and situational factors that have been overlooked by prior studies. Ethical climate, public service motivation (PSM), organisation identification and psychological safety are inquired. Design/methodology/approach The present study sample was drawn from a population of Indonesian local governments located in east Java, Indonesia. Particularly, self-administered questionnaires were hand-distributed to the employees in the four local governments. Of 2,169 questionnaires distributed to the employees, 1,687 questionnaires were returned to the researcher. However, the researcher removed 33 returned questionnaires because of poor data quality, such as incomplete answers. Thus, only 1,654 questionnaires were analysed in this study. Findings The findings support the idea of an ethical climate that can encourage the individual to blow the whistle. However, its effect is indirect. The predictive power of ethical climate on the individual’s whistleblowing intentions depends on the meditating roles of PSM, psychological safety and organisation identification. Interestingly, the mediating effects of PSM, psychological safety and organisation identification are extremely acknowledged when individuals have an opportunity to choose internal or external disclosures. Originality/value This study produces a different approach to understanding people’s intentions to report any wrongdoings. This study is dissimilar from prior studies in terms of the theoretical paradigm and research design. Previous studies mostly used students as their experiments. In contrast, the current study recruited employees who work in local governments. This situation fundamentally affects the understanding of the impact of an ethical climate on the individual intention to blow the whistle.
Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: Several Guidelines with Unclear Answers

171 Asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS) is commonly defined as the presence of atherosclerotic narrowing of the proximal internal carotid artery by ≥50% at the level of bifurcation in individuals with no history of recent (within the last six months) ischemic stroke/TIA involving ipsilateral carotid territory. [1] Although the presence of 50%–69% narrowing is considered as moderate stenosis, narrowing ≥70% is generally considered as severe stenosis. [2] However, there are no standard criteria proposed on the severity of stenosis and duration of recent ischemic event and definitions vary among studies depending on the method used for assessment of stenosis. Some criteria also use >60% definition. Table 1 summarises the definitions of all major trials addressing the management of ACS.
Linking drug and food addiction via compulsive appetite

‘Food addiction’ is the subject of intense public and research interest. However, this nosology based on neurobehavioural similarities among obese individuals, patients with eating disorders and those with substance use disorders (drug addiction) remains controversial. We thus sought to determine which aspects of disordered eating are causally linked to preclinical models of drug addiction. We hypothesized that extensive drug histories, known to cause addiction‐like brain changes and drug motivation in rats, would also cause addiction‐like food motivation.
Non-invasive IC tomography using spatial correlations

Non-invasive IC Tomography Using Spatial Correlations by Davood Shamsi We introduce a new methodology for post-silicon characterization of the gatelevel variations in a manufactured Integrated Circuit (IC). The estimated characteristics are based on the power and the delay measurements that are affected by the process variations. The power (delay) variations are spatially correlated. Thus, there exists a basis in which variations are sparse. The sparse representation suggests using the Ll-regularization (the compressive sensing theory). We show how to use the compressive sensing theory to improve post-silicon characterization. We also address the problem by adding spatial constraints directly to the traditional L2-minimization. The proposed methodology is fast, inexpensive, non-invasive, and applicable to legacy designs. Noninvasive IC characterization has a range of emerging applications, including post-silicon optimization, IC identification, and variations' modeling/simulations. The evaluation results on standard benchmark circuits show that, in average, the gate level characteristics estimation accuracy can be improved by more than two times using the proposed methods.
Removal of Arsenic in Groundwater Using Fe(III) Oxyhydroxide Coated Sand: A Case Study in Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Because of its threat to the quality of freshwater resources and human health, arsenic (As) pollution is important to scientific communities and policymakers around the world. The Mekong Delta, Vietnam, is one hotspot of As pollution. Its risk assessment of different environmental components has been well documented; however, very few studies focus on As removal techniques. Considering this information gap, this study aimed to investigate the performance of an innovative and low-cost treatment system using Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) coated sand to remove As(III) from aqueous solution. Batch and column experiments were conducted at a laboratory scale in order to study removal kinetics and efficiency. Experimental results indicated that the adsorption isotherm of As(III) on FeOOH coated sand using Langmuir and Freundlich models have high regression factors of 0.987 and 0.991, respectively. The batch adsorption experiment revealed that contact time was approximately 8 h for rough saturation (kinetic test). The concentration of As(III) in effluents at flow rates of 0.6 L/h, 0.9 L/h, and 1.8 L/h ranged from 1.1 µg/L to 1.7 µg/L. Results from this study indicated that FeOOH coated sand columns were effective in removing As(III) from water, with a removal efficiency of 99.1%. Ultimately, FeOOH coated sand filtration could be a potential treatment system to reduce As(III) in the domestic water supply in remote areas of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta.
Mutual Inductance Identification of IPT System Based on Soft-Start Process

Accurate estimation of mutual inductance in wireless power transfer (WPT) system is a prerequisite for accurate identification of load parameters, which is critical in system constant output and efficiency tracking control. In this article, a general load decoupling method for WPT system considering soft-start process and battery initial voltage is proposed. Moreover, a double-sided LCC topology is used to explain how to calculate the boundary conditions of load decoupling. Based on the proposed load decoupling method, a mutual inductance identification method is proposed for WPT system with double-sided LCC topology. Within the frequency range recommended, the unique solution of mutual inductance can be obtained by solving high-ordered equivalent impedance equation. In this case, there is no need to discuss the situation for multiple solutions. Based on the WPT prototype, the effectiveness of the proposed load decoupling method is verified, and parameter sensitivity of the identification method is analyzed in detail. Finally, the proposed method is experimentally verified. Results show that high identification accuracy can be achieved even when the coils are misaligned. Compared with the existing identification methods, the proposed method does not need any additional switches and auxiliary circuits, which reduces the complexity and system cost effectively.
Revenue Maximization: The Interplay Between Personalized Bundle Recommendation and Wireless Content Caching

In this paper, we explore the interplay between personalized bundle recommendation and cache decision on the performance of wireless edge caching networks. A revenue maximization perspective is provided. To this end, we first examine the quantitative impact of bundle recommendation on the content request probability of different users. We then specify the definition of system revenue, showing its dependence on bundle recommendation and caching policies. With that, a joint bundling, caching and recommendation decision problem is formulated to maximize the achievable system revenue, taking into account the constraints of user-distinguished recommendation quality, recommendation amount, and the cache capacity budget. To solve this non-tractable optimization problem, a divide-then-conquer methodology is adopted. Specifically, we first determine the bundle state per user, on which basis we perform the joint bundle recommendation and caching decision-making, wherein several bundling strategies with different time-complexity are devised. Last but not least, we provide detailed properties analysis for our proposed bundling and joint optimization algorithms. Comprehensive numerical simulations validate the performance enhancement of the designed solutions compared to extensive conventional single-item recommendation oriented benchmarks.
Improving the effectiveness of voice search systems through partial query modification

This paper addresses the importance of improving the effectiveness of voice search systems through partial query modification. A user‐centered experiment was designed to compare the effectiveness of an experimental system using partial query modification feature to a baseline system in which users could issue complete queries only, with 32 participants each searching on eight different tasks. The results indicate that the participants spent significantly more time preparing the modification but significantly less time speaking the modification by using the experimental system than by using the baseline system. The participants found that the experimental system (a) was more effective, (b) gave them more control, (c) was easier for the search tasks, and (d) saved them time than the baseline system. The results contribute to improving future voice search system design and benefiting the research community in general. System implications and future work were discussed.
New Insights into the Epidemiology of Vulvar Cancer: Systematic Literature Review for an Update of Incidence and Risk Factors

Simple Summary Vulvar cancer incidence data were sought from official sources (WHO Cancer Incidence in Five Continents) and studies reporting comparable data. With respect to risk factors, a systematic PubMed search of articles published since 1980 identified 69 original cohort and case-control studies. Information was extracted using a PRISMA predesigned data collection form. Recent advances have provided further evidence in support of the carcinogenic model centred on human papillomavirus infection with different defects of the immune function. Conversely, the model centred on the role of vulvar lichen sclerosus and the often-associated differentiated vulva intraepithelial neoplasia has continued to be understudied. Abstract The aim of this review was an update of vulvar cancer incidence rates and trends and of all known and putative risk factors for the disease. The most recent incidence data were sought from official sources (WHO Cancer Incidence in Five Continents). To obtain an estimate of time trends in some areas, we compared data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents with the few available studies that measured incidence using comparable methods. With respect to risk factors, a systematic PubMed search identified 1585 relevant articles published between 1980 and 2021. Abstracts and full texts were screened. Sixty-nine eligible original cohort and case-control studies were selected. Information was extracted using a PRISMA predesigned form. Nineteen risk factors, or risk factor categories, were investigated by two or more original studies. Solitary, unreplicated studies addressed the putative role of eight more factors. Recent advances have provided further evidence supporting the carcinogenic model centred on human papillomavirus infection with different defects of the immune function. Conversely, the model centred on the role of vulvar lichen sclerosus and the often associated differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia has continued to be epidemiologically understudied. More research on the association between these two conditions and vulvar cancer is a priority.
The Role of Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) Mutation in the Diagnosis and Management of Myeloid Neoplasms

Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a multifunctional protein with both proliferative and growth-suppressive roles in the cell. In humans, NPM1 is involved in tumorigenesis via chromosomal translocations, deletions, or mutation. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with mutated NPM1, a distinct diagnostic entity by the current WHO Classification of myeloid neoplasm, represents the most common diagnostic subtype in AML and is associated with a favorable prognosis. The persistence of NPM1 mutation in AML at relapse makes this mutation an ideal target for minimal measurable disease (MRD) detection. The clinical implication of this is far-reaching because NPM1-mutated AML is currently classified as being of standard risk, with the best treatment strategy (transplantation versus chemotherapy) yet undefined. Myeloid neoplasms with NPM1 mutations and <20% blasts are characterized by an aggressive clinical course and a rapid progression to AML. The pathological classification of these cases remains controversial. Future studies will determine whether NPM1 gene mutation may be sufficient for diagnosing NPM1-mutated AML independent of the blast count. This review aims to summarize the role of NPM1 in normal cells and in human cancer and discusses its current role in clinical management of AML and related myeloid neoplasms.
AN HYBRID MODEL FOR RADIATIVE TRANSFER

Radiative transfer is a phenomenon that has an importance in a wide range of applications from climatology to astrophysics. Depending on the physical regimes involved, a hierarchy of models may be used, each of which having drawbacks and qualities. However, there are still applications for which no model is fully satisfying. An example is ICF (Inertial Confinement Fusion) where dozens of lasers converge on a fuel pellet of the size of a pinehead. This kind of simulation requires a coupling between radiation and other processes and hence one would require a model that is cheap enough in terms of computation cost to carry it out. The M1 model (3) may then seem to be an interesting choice. But the directional complexity of the problem and the fact that the energy is mainly located inside a narrow frequency interval is hardly compatible with this model and one would rather use an (expensive) model such as a kinetic model. In this paper, we introduce an hybrid model that mixes the multigroup-M1 model and a kinetic model. This hybrid model intends to be an extension of both of them and therefore adds degrees of freedom that allows to properly take into account a wide variety of problems. We also show that it possesses important properties including the correct asymptotic limit in the diusion regime and the local decreasing of the total entropy. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 35Q99, 80A99, 85A25.
Prevalence of anaemia and associated factors among people with pulmonary tuberculosis in Uganda

Abstract Anaemia predicts delayed sputum conversion and mortality in tuberculosis (TB). We determined the prevalence and factors associated with anaemia among people with TB at the National Tuberculosis Treatment Centre in Uganda. People with bacteriologically confirmed TB were consecutively enrolled in a cross-sectional study between August 2017 and March 2018. Blood samples were tested for a full blood hemogram, HIV infection, and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts. Anaemia was defined as a haemoglobin level of <13.0 grams per decilitre (g/dl) for males and <12.0 g/dl for females. Of 358 participants, 210 (58.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 53.4–63.8) had anaemia. Anaemia was associated with night sweats, a longer duration of fever, low body mass index (BMI), hyperthermia, high sputum bacillary loads, HIV co-infection, and low CD4 and CD8 counts at bivariate analysis. Factors associated with anaemia at multivariable analysis were low BMI (odds ratio (OR) 2.93, 95% CI 1.70–5.05, P < 0.001), low CD4:CD8 ratio (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.07–6.04, P = 0.035) and microcytosis (OR 4.23, 95% CI 2.17–8.25, P < 0.001). Anaemia may be associated with the features of severe TB disease and should be considered in TB severity scores.