Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An empirical bayesian approach for testing gene expression fold change and its application in detecting global dosage effects

Abstract We are motivated by biological studies intended to understand global gene expression fold change. Biologists have generally adopted a fixed cutoff to determine the significance of fold changes in gene expression studies (e.g. by using an observed fold change equal to two as a fixed threshold). Scientists can also use a t-test or a modified differential expression test to assess the significance of fold changes. However, these methods either fail to take advantage of the high dimensionality of gene expression data or fail to test fold change directly. Our research develops a new empirical Bayesian approach to substantially improve the power and accuracy of fold-change detection. Specifically, we more accurately estimate gene-wise error variation in the log of fold change. We then adopt a t-test with adjusted degrees of freedom for significance assessment. We apply our method to a dosage study in Arabidopsis and a Down syndrome study in humans to illustrate the utility of our approach. We also present a simulation study based on real datasets to demonstrate the accuracy of our method relative to error variance estimation and power in fold-change detection. Our developed R package with a detailed user manual is publicly available on GitHub at https://github.com/cuiyingbeicheng/Foldseq.
Research on YOLOv3 algorithm based on darknet framework

Traffic jams and accidents occur frequently in modern cities. In the context of smart cities, intelligent transportation can be effectively controlled through target detection technology. In view of the problems of slow detection speed and low accuracy of traditional vehicle detection algorithms, a YOLOv3 algorithm based on K-means ++ is proposed. The accuracy of bounding box detection is improved by the K-means ++ algorithm. Compared with the traditional YOLOv3 detection algorithm, the improved algorithm improves the detection speed and accuracy. Experiments show that the improved algorithm has a higher recognition rate for small targets in the actual test, while reducing the false detection rate and improving the accuracy of the algorithm.
Land-Use Conflict in the Gran Chaco: Finding Common Ground through Use of the Q Method

In a world characterized by ongoing overexploitation of finite resources—such as land and forests—stakeholder conflicts over use of remaining resources occur frequently and are likely to intensify. There is increasing awareness of the need to better understand individual stakeholders’ perspectives, which often condition behavior, in order to address conflicts and inform wider policymaking. We used the Q method to capture the perspectives of diverse stakeholders and highlight consensus and distinguishing statements. Our results bring to the fore three main perspectives on deforestation (development, family agriculture, and subsistence) and several points of agreement and disagreement. The strongest disagreement concerns the benefits and costs of deforestation: the development perspective portrays benefits as mutual and costs as marginal, whereas the family agriculture and subsistence perspectives associate no benefits and extreme costs with deforestation—including loss of livelihoods and culture. Nevertheless, stakeholder consensus emerges on other points—especially the need for participatory long-term strategies of land use. This paper shows how the Q method can be applied to better understand land-use conflicts.
Molecular epidemiology of Theileria parva in Zambia: The application of molecular biology techniques to analyse diversity in Theileria parva populations in Zambia

Tlreileria parva is a complex protozoan parasite causing East Coast fever in Eastern and Central Africa. Vaccination using live parasites is an effective control measure and has been used in Zambia based on locally isolated and introduced T. parva stocks. Diversity among T. parva populations was investigated in parasites from two Zambian provinces with different disease epidemiologies and control histories. Isolates from the pre-vaccination era, local and exotic stocks used for vaccination, and one recent field isolate were cloned and passaged in vitro to study genomic stability over time. The results of the data from three genome-wide probes indicate a marked homogeneity and stability among the Zambian isolates in contrast to East African isolates. Results from Southern blot profiles and the polymorphic immunodominant molecule (PIM) sequence analysis suggest a common origin for the Zambian isolates from the pre-vaccination era, except for one isolate (Zam5) from Southern Province. This isolate showed characteristics suggesting a buffalo origin. Assays for genotype characterisation were developed using five allelic markers. Multilocus characterisation revealed identical profiles in a recent Zambian isolate from Southern Province and two components of an exotic cocktail vaccine, indicating the escape of one of the vaccine stocks in the field. Characterisation of T. pat-va field populations by RFLP-PCR assays after immunisation revealed the presence of dominant genotypes from those that had been used for vaccination. Circumstantial evidence for the involvement of one of the exotic vaccine parasites in epidemics in Southern Province is presented and a hypothesis formulated for the rapid spread of this genotype. Analysis of the characterisation data suggested the existence of two groups of T. parva parasites of different origin. The classic T parva group, characterised by a dimorphism of the p 150, p104 and p32 loci and the absence of a p67 insert and a buffalo-derived group which showed a polymorphism of p 150, p104 and p32 and the presence of a p67 insert. There is evidence that recombination occurs, resulting in parasites that have characteristics of both groups. The relevance of these recombinant parasites in the epidemiology of the disease seems low. Characterisation of larger samples from areas of regular buffalo-cattle contact is necessary to clarify this. Sequence analysis of the most discriminative locus (PIM) was undertaken and gene conversion could be the main mechanism generating diversity. A more appropriate nomenclature for T. parva is proposed based on the growing evidence of molecular differences among isolates and stocks.
What is Published in Impact Journals on School Effectiveness? A Systematic Review of Research Results and Methods

A systematic review of 45 articles on school effectiveness (SE) indexed in SJR and JCR (2014–2018) has been conducted. The results obtained show that the quantitative methodology catalyses the greatest number of researches. The articles are mainly published in Q1-Q2 journals with impact factor. The content of the articles reviewed found that, although exist contextual factors that affect the SE, the variables at the school level also have an impact.
Effects of enzyme supplementation on replacing maize with barley in diet of broiler chicks

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of an enzyme complex (Agrozyme®, a cocktail of cellulolytic, amylolytic and proteolytic enzymes) on barley energy content and its nutritive value in broiler diets. In the first experiment, the effect of enzyme on barley energy content was determined using adult Leghorn cockerels. In the second experiment the effects of the enzyme on performance, carcass characteristics and nutrient digestibility of broilers fed diets containing 0, 50 and 100% replacement of diet maize with barley was investigated using 360 one-d-old chicks. Enzyme had no effect on barley energy content (first experiment). During 1 to 21 d, chicks fed diet in which 100% of maize was replaced by barley had lower weight gain than those fed diet in which 50% of maize was replaced by barley. The high barley diet resulted in a significant increase in feed conversion ratio. During 21 to 35 d, chicks fed the maize diets had lower weight gain than those fed barley diets. Enzyme had no effect on weight gain, but feed conversion ratio was improved by enzyme when chicks fed high barley diet. In overall period, enzyme addition had no effect on performance. Carcass and abdominal fat weight was reduced, whereas the small intestine weight was increased when chicks fed diet in which 100% of maize was replaced by barley. Dietary treatments had no effect on dry matter, crude protein and crude fat digestibilities.
Effect of high temperature and recovery from stress on crop–weed interaction

: Biotic and abiotic stresses, either individually or in combination, may affect soybean growth and development negatively, besides competitiveness with weeds. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of heat stress and plant recovery on crop–weed interaction by analyzing growth variables. Experiments were set up as replacement series of soybean with slender amaranth. Treatments followed a factorial scheme, which was composed of heat stress [high temperature (38/22 ± 2 °C) against the control (28/22 ± 2 ºC)] and of proportions of soybean and slender amaranth, i.e., 100:0 (pure stand of soybean), 50:50 and 0:100 (pure stand of slender amaranth). After being submitted to high temperatures, plants were analyzed in terms of their recovery from heat stress. Variables under evaluation were height, leaf area and shoot dry weight. Results led to the conclusion that the weed shows more competitiveness than soybean, regardless of the heat stress. Interspecific competition for soybean and intraspecific competition for slender amaranth influence their height, leaf area and shoot dry weight negatively, while high temperature affects slender amaranth positively.
Weak emergence in the angular dependence of the critical current density of the high temperature superconductor coated conductor REBCO

Extensive critical current density Jc measurements are reported as a function of magnetic field B , temperature T , angle θ between the applied field and the surface of the tape, and strain ε , on a REBCO coated conductor. The strain, εpeakB,T,θ , at which Jcεapp is maximised, is a function of B , T , and θ , which is consistent with weakly emergent behaviour. It is described by the chain model that considers competition between twinned domains with different crystallographic orientations and opposing responses under an applied uniaxial strain. Detailed effective upper critical field Bc2∗T,εapp,θ=0 data are presented that show universal temperature and strain scaling. They lead to an accurate flux pinning relation for the volume pinning force, Fp∝Fp,maxbp1−bq , where b=B/Bc2∗T,εapp,θ=0 and p and q are constants, and are used to help parameterise the scaling behaviour of the angular Jc data more accurately in those cases where Bc2∗ cannot be measured directly. We derive approximate analytic in-field expressions that explain how the fraction, f , of a-domains amongst the a- and b-domains affects the strain dependence of the critical parameters and conclude that in our tape, f = 0.4, and the strain at which Jc is the same in both domains is εJcA=JcB=0.15% . We report a sharp peak in Jc as the applied field approaches alignment with the ab-plane and the unusual result that with it, a suppression of the index of transition N also occurs. We find that the effective upper critical field Bc2* increases as the field angle approaches the ab-plane significantly faster than any available theoretical model for the upper critical field Bc2 . In addition, we conclude that a weak-emergence description is not limited to high temperature superconductors, but also describes some low-temperature superconductors.
The co-evolution of two Chinese mobile short video apps: Parallel platformization of Douyin and TikTok

TikTok is the international twin of China’s mobile short video app, Douyin, and one of the fastest growing short video platforms in the world. Owned by Chinese tech giant, ByteDance, TikTok and Douyin share many similarities in terms of appearance, functionality, and platform affordances; however, they exist in radically different markets and are governed by radically different forces. Unlike other popular mobile media platforms in China and internationally, TikTok and Douyin are neither part of the big three tech giants in China nor the big five in the US. This provides an interesting case study to investigate how an emerging internet company adapts its products to better fit divergent expectations, cultures, and policy frameworks in China and abroad. Using the app walkthrough method informed by platformization of culture production theory, this study highlights the similarities and distinctions between these two platforms. We argue the co-evolution of Douyin and TikTok is a new paradigm of global platform expansion that differs from strategies of regionalization adopted by previous major social media platforms. We contribute to platformization theory by developing the concept of parallel platformization to explain ByteDance’s strategies for surviving in two opposing platform ecosystems in China and abroad.
Variation of Projected Atmospheric Water Vapor in Central Asia Using Multi-Models from CMIP6

Using data from the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive Version 2 (IGRA2) and the Multi Model Ensemble (MME) of four global climate models (GCMs), named CanESM5, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MIROC6, and MRI-ESM2-0, within the framework of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), we analyzed the changes in atmospheric total column water vapor (TCWV) over Central Asia in the future (2021–2100) under SSP-RCPs scenarios: SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP4-3.4, SSP4-6.0, and SSP5-8.5, relative to baseline period (1986–2005). Results showed that the annual mean TCWV from IGRA2 was consistent with the model output from 1979 to 2014 in Central Asia. Besides, the spatial distribution of TCWV in Central Asia during the baseline period was consistent between the models. The regional average value of Central Asia was between 10.8 mm and 12.4 mm, and decreased with elevation. TCWV will increase under different SSP-RCPs from 2021 to 2040, but showed different trends after 2040. It will increase under SSP1-1.9 and SSP1-2.6 scenarios from 2021 to 2050, and decrease after that. It will grow from 2021 to 2055 under SSP4-3.4 scenario, and then stay essentially constant. Under SSP2-4.5 and SSP4-6.0 scenarios, TCWV will rise rapidly during 2021–2065, but the growth will decline from 2065 to 2100. TCWV will continue to increase under SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, and the largest increase is projected under SSP5-8.5 scenario. Change in near-surface temperature (Ts) matched the change in TCWV, but changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration are not significant during 2021–2100. In spite of the large variations in TCWV under different SSP-RCPs, the dominant characteristic in all scenarios shows that a large TCWV increase is demonstrated over areas with small TCWV amounts during the baseline period. On the contrary, increases will be small where the TCWV amounts had been large during the baseline period. The change in TCWV is highly correlated to the increase in Ts in Central Asia. Under SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP4-3.4, SSP4-6.0, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the higher the temperature due to higher radiative forcing, the steeper the regression slope between TCWV and Ts change. It is closest to the theoretical value of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation under SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, but not presented under other scenarios. Spatially, steeper regression slopes during 2021–2100 have been found around the Caspian Sea in the southwest and in the high-elevation areas in the southeast of Central Asia, which is likely related to the abundant local water supply for evaporation.
Differentiated instruction: the diversity of teachers’ philosophy and praxis to adapt teaching to students’ interests, readiness and learning profiles

ABSTRACT Differentiated instruction (DI) addresses academic diversity in order to maximise learning. Although it is theorised as both a philosophy and as a praxis of teaching, it is rarely measured as such. This study examines teacher profiles on differentiated instruction relating to their philosophy and self-reported praxis. The data stem from an exploratory study on differentiated instruction, which served the purpose of creating a valid instrument to measure teachers’ philosophy and teaching approaches relating to academic differences in interests, readiness and learning profiles, namely the DI-Quest instrument. The results reveal three teacher profiles based on five DI-related factors. The patterns are almost identical in primary and in secondary education. Interestingly, if more frequent adaptations to students’ differences in interests, readiness and learning profile are what differentiated instruction aims for, both philosophical factors (namely growth mindset and ethical compass oriented to students) need to be present. Lacking one of these factors, will have less adaptations as a consequence. This study displays the predictive power of teachers’ philosophy about Differentiated Instruction for their daily classroom practices. Consequences for future research, professional development and teacher education are discussed in detail.
First data-driven approach to using individual cattle weights to estimate mean adult dairy cattle weight in the UK

Introduction Knowledge of accurate weights of cattle is crucial for effective dosing of individual animals with medicine and for reporting antimicrobial usage metrics, amongst other uses. The most common weight for dairy cattle presented in current literature is 600 kg, but this is not evidenced by data. For the first time, we provide an evidence-based estimate of the average weight of UK dairy cattle to better inform decisions by farmers, veterinarians and the scientific community. Methods We collected data for 2,747 dairy cattle from 20 farms in the UK, 19 using Lely Automatic Milking Systems with weigh floors and 1 using a crush with weigh scales. These data covered farms with different breed types, including Holstein, Friesian, Holstein-Friesian and Jersey, as well as farms with dual purpose breeds and cross-breeds. Data were used to calculate a mean weight for dairy cattle by breed, and a UK-specific mean weight was generated by scaling to UK-specific breed proportions. Trends in weight by lactation number, DIM and production level were also explored using individual cattle-level data. Results Mean weight for adult dairy cattle included in this study was 617 kg (standard deviation (sd) 85.6 kg). Mean weight varied across breeds, with a range of 466 kg (sd=56.0 kg, Jersey) to 636 kg (sd=84.1, Holsteins). When scaled to UK breed proportions, the estimated mean UK dairy cattle weight was 620 kg. Overall, first-lactation heifers weighed 9% less than cows. Mean weight declined for the first 30 days post-calving, before steadily increasing. For cattle at peak production, mean weight increased with production level. Conclusions This study is the first to calculate a mean weight of adult dairy cattle in the UK based on on-farm data. Overall mean weight was higher than that most often proposed in the literature (600 kg). Evidence-informed weights are crucial as the UK works to better monitor and report metrics to monitor antimicrobial use and are useful to farmers and veterinarians to inform dosing decisions.
Sensorless Speed Tracking of a Brushless DC Motor Using a Neural Network

In this work, the sensorless speed control of a brushless direct current motor utilizing a neural network is presented. This control is done using a two-layer neural network that uses the backpropagation algorithm for training. The values provided by a Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) control to this type of motor are used to train the network. From this PID control, the velocity values and their corresponding signal control (u) are recovered for different values of load pairs. Five different values of load pairs were used to consider the entire working range of the motor to be controlled. After carrying out the training, it was observed that the proposed network could hold constant load pairs, as well as variables. Several tests were carried out at the simulation level, which showed that control based on neural networks is robust. Finally, it is worth mentioning that this control strategy can be realized without the need for a speed sensor.
Mean Drift Forces on Vertical Cylindrical Bodies Placed in Front of a Breakwater

This paper presents a numerical and experimental investigation of the second-order steady horizontal and vertical drift forces acting on cylindrical bodies in regular waves. The examined bodies are either kept restrained in front of a vertical breakwater or are considered free- floating when alone in the wave field. Two principally different approaches for mean drift forces determination are described: the momentum conservation principle and the direct integration of all pressure contributions upon the instantaneous wetted surface of the bodies, whereas, for the solution of the associated diffraction and motion radiation problems, analytical and panel methodologies are applied. The hydrodynamic interaction phenomenon between the bodies and the adjacent breakwater are taken into account by using the method of images. Theoretical and numerical results, concerning the horizontal and the vertical drift forces, are presented and compared with each other. Furthermore, additional comparisons are made with experimental data obtained during an experimental campaign at French research institute for exploitation of the sea (IFREMER), in France.
Analysis and Risk Assessment of PM2.5-Bound PAHs in a Comparison of Indoor and Outdoor Environments in a Middle School: A Case Study in Beijing, China

People spend most of their time in indoors and, as a result, indoor air quality has become an issue of increasing concern. Due to the use of coal and heavy transportation in Beijing, China, concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bound to PM2.5 have risen and caused concerns about health risk, both outdoors and indoors. This study carried out quantitative investigation of PM2.5-bound PAHs in middle school classrooms and estimated the health risk to adolescents. According to the results, indoor PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 20.9 μg/m3 to 257.6 μg/m3, indoor PAH concentrations ranged from 8.0 ng/m3 to 83.0 ng/m3, and both were statistically correlated with outdoor concentrations. Results of diagnostic ratios (DR) and the PMF (positive matrix factorization) model indicated that coal combustion was the main source of PAHs in the classroom environment. The average value of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was estimated to be 1.49 × 10−6, which indicated a potential health risk to students according to USEPA standards. Predictions showed that by 2021–2022, the risk will be reduced to an acceptable level. Results of this study could provide useful information for air pollution control in Beijing and proposing targeted solution against indoor air pollution.
BM-MSCS IMMUNOMODULATORY, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTI-APOPTOTIC AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY ROLES IN MODULATING THE ALTERED TISSUES OXIDATIVE STRESS STATUS IN STZ-DIABETIC RATS: IN COMPARISON TO THE STANDARD INSULIN TREATMENT

1. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt. 2. Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. 3. Virology Department, Ministry of Health, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq. 4. Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sulaymaniyah University, Kurdistan, Iraq. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 17 June 2020 Final Accepted: 19 July 2020 Published: August 2020