Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
preventing of osteoporosis: Applying the Health Belief Model

Background and aim: osteoporosis as a disease, is characterized by low bone mass and loss of bone microstructure known. According to the importance of identifying the preventive behaviors in premenopausal women by nurses and other health personnel, This study aimed to determine the predicting factors of nutritional behaviors for preventing of osteoporosis according to the Health Belief Model was performed. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 147 women aged 35-49 were referred to Health Centers in Bandar Abbas, Iran. A systematic cluster sampling method was applied. Data collection tool was included demographic information, knowledge, health belief model constructs and calcium and vitamin D rich foods frequency questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical, Pearson Correlation and Linear Regression. Findings: The result showed that self-efficacy, perceived benefits, perceived barriers had a significant relationship with nutritional behaviors . Structure barriers predict calcium intake. Also, Structural barriers and perceived benefits were identified as strong predictors for vitamin D. Conclusion: According to the results, The health belief model could become suitable framework for interventional programs, However, taking into account social -cultural factors related to the preventive behaviors could have effective role for improving preventive nutritional measures. Keywords: nutritional behavior, osteoporosis, prevention, health belief model
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Brucella spp. isolated from Iranian patients during 2016 to 2018

Background and Objectives: Brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease with a high prevalence in both animals and humans. The present study was aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Brucella strains isolated from human clinical specimens against commonly used antimicrobial agents. Materials and Methods: A total of 360 blood specimens were collected during 2016–2018 and subjected to culture and Brucella spp. identification. The classical biotyping for Brucella isolates was performed according to Alton and coworker’s guidelines. Antimicrobials susceptibility test carried out using disk diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. Results: In this study, sixty B. melitensis strains were isolated from blood samples (16%) and all them belonged to biovar 1. Majority of the tested antibacterial agents, excepting ampicillin-sulbactam had an effective activity against B. melitensis isolates in E-test (MIC) and disk diffusion method. Moreover, probable resistance to rifampin and ampicillin-sulbactam were observed in 60 (100%), 1 (1.7%), 11 (18.4%) and 2 (3.4%) isolates, respectively. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the efficacy of commonly used antibiotics for brucellosis treatment should be regularly monitored. In conclusion, appropriate precaution should be exercised in the context of antibiotic administration to prevent future antibiotic resistance.
Classification and Detection of Citrus Disease using Feature Extraction and Support Vector Machine (SVM)

In agriculture, plant infections are responsible for the reduction in the production of citrus fruits which causes a major economic loss. In plants, citrus is used as a major source of nutrients like vitamin C throughout the universe. However, ‘Citrus’ diseases badly affect the production and quality of citrus fruits. Over the years, image processing techniques have been widely used for detection and classification of citrus diseases but a novel model for such challenge has not been properly explored. Hence, the need for a model that will be able to label the diseases accordingly. A model for detection and classification of citrus diseases using feature selection and support vector machine (SVM) was developed. The method consists of two primary phases; (a) detection of lesion spots on the citrus fruits; (b) classification of citrus diseases. The citrus lesion spots are extracted by an optimized segmentation method using K-means, which was performed on an enhanced citrus image. The selected features are fed into Support Vector
Computational Repeatability: WikiQuery Case Study

WikiQuery is a system that supports both keyword-based and structured queries (c-queries) over Wikipedia documents. A novel feature of WikiQuery is that it returns answers that span multiple document answers [5]. WikiQuery receives as input a set of Wikipedia documents stored in a MySQL database, and uses these documents to create an in-memory index. Then, given a set of queries, for each query it creates a file containing a list of answer for that query. The goal of our experimental evaluation was to assess the quality of these answers and compare them against the answers returned by the BANKS system [3]. The process to compare the answers returned by the two systems is manual.
Capital Structure and Financial Efficiency: Evidence from Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange of Vietnam

Capital structure and its utilization is one of the most crucial determinants to the growth and development of a business Thomas (2013). However, the level of financial leverage varies across firms and periods of time due to differences in business culture, administration, industry, or business strategy. In principle, there is no theoretically fixed perfect level for the proportion of financial leverage in a firm? s capital structure (Modigliani and Miller, 1958). Various capital structure theories have been mentioned in the literature such as trade-off theory (Miller, 1977) and the pecking order theory (Myers and Majluf, 1984). However, they always come with specific assumptions and contexts which cause the issue of empirical capital structure to remain debatable, especially in terms of an emerging market. Vietnamese stock markets, with a history of less than two decades of development, rapid growth, and with the establishment of derivative market in 2017 (The State Bank of Vietnam, 2017) is regarded as a typical one. Thus, this research aims to investigate the impact of capital structure on firm financial efficiency in Vietnamese listed companies. The panel data were collected from 85 firms listed on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HSX) during the period 2006 to 2017 (excluding the financial sector). The results reveal that short term leverage of listed firms is significantly positively correlated with its financial efficiency.
Inflammation in Alzheimer's disease: Implicating tumor necrosis factor-alpha as a key mediator of disease pathogenesis

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that progressively impairs intellectual and emotional functioning in afflicted individuals. The disease is characterized pathologically by a temporal and spatial advancement of amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation, synaptic degeneration, and neuronal loss. Inflammatory processes have been implicated in initiating and/or propagating AD-associated pathology within the brain, as inflammatory cytokine expression and other markers of inflammation are pronounced in individuals with AD pathology. We utilized the 3xTg-AD mouse model (which harbors pathological features similar to human AD) to first identify inflammatory molecule(s) present in the brain prior to overt classical pathologies. We observed a significant 14.8-fold and 10.8-fold up-regulation in transcript levels of the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), respectively, specifically within the entorhinal cortex of these mice but not age-matched controls. Interestingly, correlative increases in numbers of F4/80-positive microglia/macrophage cells were regionally enhanced with respect to TNF-α and MCP-1 expression within the entorhinal cortex. Both microglia and neurons were found to express TNF-α transcripts. To further define the role of neuronally derived TNF-α in early AD pathogenesis, a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector expressing TNF-α was constructed and stereotactically delivered to “pre-pathologic” 3xTg-AD mice and non-transgenic (Non-Tg) control mice. Neuronal over-expression of TNF-α for 4
Protected areas host important remnants of marine turtle nesting stocks in the Dominican Republic

Abstract Nesting by marine turtles in the Caribbean has declined considerably, mainly because of human exploitation, but there has previously been no monitoring in the Dominican Republic. We present the first detailed assessment of the status of marine turtle nesting in the country, based on surveys during 2006–2010. Nesting populations of hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata and leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea are of regional importance and the green turtle Chelonia mydas is still present, although nesting in low numbers. The two main nesting sites are within protected areas: the Jaragua National Park in the south-west, important for leatherback turtles (mean of 126 nests per season), and Del Este National Park on Saona Island in the south-east, principally for hawksbill turtles (mean of 100 nests per season). Comparison with historical data suggests all rookeries are profoundly reduced in size. Although the main nesting beaches are within protected areas, illegal egg-take and meat consumption continues there, and also elsewhere in the country.
Impact of human pressure and forest fragmentation on the Endangered Barbary macaque Macaca sylvanus in the Middle Atlas of Morocco

Abstract Overexploitation of forests by humans can lead to highly fragmented populations of forest-dependent species that have poor dispersal abilities. We tested the influence of habitat quality, landscape structure and human pressure on densities of the Barbary macaque Macaca sylvanus in the largest wild population, in the Middle Atlas of Morocco. We surveyed 14 forest fragments of 5–142 km2 that are separated from each other by an inhospitable matrix. We estimated the habitat quality of these forest patches by analysing the vegetation structure and the intensity of human pressure. We studied the distribution of forest patches and estimated macaque densities by combining line-transect sampling and complete group counts. We estimated mean density of individuals to be 9 km−2 (range 0.2–23 km−2). Differentiation of forest patches by a principal component analysis did not show any significant relationship between vegetation type and macaque density. A linear regression model showed that human pressure had a negative impact on density and that density responded positively to patch size. Patch shape, connectivity and altitude did not explain variation in population density. The size of this population is estimated to be c. 5,000 individuals. The survival of several small subpopulations is seriously threatened. As the Middle Atlas is the stronghold of this Endangered species, we recommend modifying forestry practices, reducing overgrazing by livestock within forests, and halting clear-cutting of holm oaks.
Scope of vegetable seed production in selected districts of Punjab

The present study was conducted in three districts viz. Ludhiana, Sangrur, and Gurdaspur districts of Punjab. All the vegetable growers producing seeds on commercial scale in these districts were the respondents of the study. The data were collected through mailed questionnaire. The findings supported that total area under vegetable seed production was 18.72 per cent and was likely to increase to 22.14 per cent recording a positive shift of 3.41 per cent over and above discontinuity. Majority of the respondents were interested in increasing area under vegetable seed production from 0.50 - 5.33 acres. The overall scope of vegetable seed production was high.
Random regression models to estimate genetic parameters for milk production of Guzerat cows using orthogonal Legendre polynomials

The objective of this work was to compare random regression models for the estimation of genetic parameters for Guzerat milk production, using orthogonal Legendre polynomials. Records (20,524) of test‑day milk yield (TDMY) from 2,816 first‑lactation Guzerat cows were used. TDMY grouped into 10‑monthly classes were analyzed for additive genetic effect and for environmental and residual permanent effects (random effects), whereas the contemporary group, calving age (linear and quadratic effects) and mean lactation curve were analized as fixed effects. Trajectories for the additive genetic and permanent environmental effects were modeled by means of a covariance function employing orthogonal Legendre polynomials ranging from the second to the fifth order. Residual variances were considered in one, four, six, or ten variance classes. The best model had six residual variance classes. The heritability estimates for the TDMY records varied from 0.19 to 0.32. The random regression model that used a second‑order Legendre polynomial for the additive genetic effect, and a fifth‑order polynomial for the permanent environmental effect is adequate for comparison by the main employed criteria. The model with a second‑order Legendre polynomial for the additive genetic effect, and that with a fourth‑order for the permanent environmental effect could also be employed in these analyses.
Donor-specific transfusions as a way of tolerance induction to living donor kidney transplant

Th e proportion of pts with an excellent graft function (serum creatinine <130 μmol/l) at 1 and 10 years in the DST group was 52.9%, 38.5% and in the control group 33.3% and 28.0%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that in spite of an unavoidable low risk of sensitization, a benefi cial eff ect of DST – a signifi cantly lower incidence of acute rejection, tendency for a better graft survival and graft function and the absence of donor-specifi c antibodies within a long follow-up period – has been observed.
Evaluation of somatic indexes, hematology and liver histopathology of the fish Labrisomus philippii from San Jorge Bay, northern Chile, as associated with environmental stress

Se estudio el estado de salud de individuos de Labrisomus philippii que habitan en la bahia San Jorge (norte de Chile), caracterizada por presentar altas concentraciones de metales pesados. Adicionalmente, se determino las concentraciones de metales en el higado de los peces. Las capturas se realizaron en dos sitios de la bahia: Club de Yates (CY, n = 26) y El Colorado (EC, n = 33), expuesto a elevados y bajos niveles de actividad antropogenica, respectivamente. Los peces fueron capturados mediante buceo apnea e inmediatamente trasladados vivos al laboratorio. Cada pez fue medido (longitud total) y pesado (peso total, eviscerado, higado y gonadas). De cada ejemplar se obtuvo una muestra de sangre obtenida en la region cardiaca. Se determino el factor de condicion (FC), indice hepatosomatico (IH), indice gonadosomatico (IGS) y parametros hematologicos (recuento de leucocitos, monocitos y granulocitos). Adicionalmente, se realizo un analisis histologico del higado de cada ejemplar. La longitud de los peces no se correlaciono con el IH y FC. No hubo diferencias significativas en el FC e IH entre sexos. Los peces del CY mostraron mayores IH y FC. La longitud de los peces se correlaciono positivamente con el numero de linfocitos, y negativamente con los granulocitos, mientras los monocitos no se correlacionaron con la longitud de los peces. Las lesiones mas frecuentes del higado fueron degeneracion vacuolar (62% CY y 30% EC) y esteatosis (23% CY y 17% EC); seguida de necrosis, autolisis, y fibrosis. Los resultados sugieren que las lesiones registradas en los peces capturados en bahia San Jorge, y especialmente en los peces de CY, podrian estar asociadas con contaminacion por metales pesados.
An Account of the Crustacea of Norway

THE monumental work under the above title by Prof. G. O. Sars, of Christiania, is still being added to, although the first parts appeared so long ago as 1890. It is indeed no small task that the distinguished author has set himself. From the first he proposed to give a description of all the species of Crustacea hitherto known from Norway, and furthermore, to accompany the diagnoses by accurate figures of all the forms. There was no doubt that a work so extensive and so profusely illustrated would prove of great value to all systematic workers, but there was also little doubt that the publication would spread over years, and the work extend to hundreds of pages and a great number of plates. This has proved to be the case, for the most recent parts published (parts xxiii. and xxiv. of vol. v., 1908) bring the total up to 1540 pages of letterpress and 724 plates. An Account of the Crustacea of Norway. By Prof. G. O. Sars. Vols. i. –v. Vol i. , Amphipoda. Pp. 708; 248 plates. Vol. ii. , Isopoda. Pp. 270; 104 plates. Vol. iii. , Cumacea. Pp. 115; 72 plates. Vol. iv. , Copepoda Calanoida. Pp. 171; 108 plates. Vol. v. , Copepoda Harpacticoida. (Bergen: Published by the Bergen Museum, 1890–1908.)
Localization of Sugar Residues in the Stomach of Three Species of Monkeys (Tupaiidae glis, Nycticebus cocang and Callithrix jacchus) by Lectin Histochemistry

El estomago de tres especies de primates no humanos fue investigado por histoquimica de lectinas para determinar la afinidad de tincion y los patrones de distribucion de sus residuos de azucar. Todas las regiones gastricas, con pequenas diferencias entre las partes profundas y superficiales de la misma region, eran ricas en N-acetilglucosamina y/o acido neuraminico. Si bien, las regiones superficiales de la mucosa gastrica eran escasas en N-acetilgalactosamina, a-D-glucosa y a-D-manosa, las partes profundas de la mucosa gastrica eran ricas en estos azucares. En conclusion, existe una diferencia entre las mucosustancias de la superficie y celulas mucosas foveolares, celulas mucosas del cuello y celulas de las glandulas gastricas. Esto indica una composicion heterogenea de la mucosa gastrica, o moleculas de moco con variaciones en el grado de glicosilacion de sus cadenas de oligosacaridos en las diferentes celulas, sugieriendo que la afinidad de union de lectinas en la mucosa gastrica se relacionada principalmente con el grado de diferenciacion celular.
THE CANOPY EFFECTS OF Prosopis juliflora (DC.) AND Acacia tortilis (HAYNE) TREES ON HERBACEOUS PLANTS SPECIES AND SOIL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN NJEMPS FLATS, KENYA

The canopy effects of an exotic and indigenous tree species on soil properties and understorey herbaceous plant species were investigated on the Njemps Flats, Baringo district, Kenya. Samples of soil and herbaceous plant species were obtained within the canopies of systematically selected P. juliflora (exotic) and A. tortilis (indigenous) trees, and from adjacent open areas. Standing biomass, frequency and cover of understorey plant species were significantly (P P. juliflora , 82% under A. tortilis and 90% in open areas. All forbs occurred under the canopies indicating that they are more adapted to the shaded microenvironments than grasses. Soils under the tree canopies had significantly (P A. tortilis had significantly (P P. juliflora . The results suggested that A. tortilis trees are more beneficial to soil physical and chemical properties than P. juliflora . Accordingly, the common practice of clearing woody trees indiscriminately to improve grassland for livestock production or for crop cultivation should not be recommended.
Evolutionary Transitions between Sex-Determining Mechanisms: A Review of Theory

The extraordinary diversity of sex-determining mechanisms found in nature is thought to have arisen by the addition, modification or replacement of regulators at the upstream end of the sex-determining pathway. The spread of a novel regulator of sex determination can manifest itself by an evolutionary transition between environmental and genetic sex determination, for example, or between male and female heterogamety. Both kinds of transition have occurred frequently in the course of evolution. In this paper, various evolutionary forces acting on sex-determining mutations that can bias transitions in one direction or the other are reviewed. Furthermore, the adaptive significance of the main modes of sex determination are discussed, and the common principle underlying ultimate explanations for environmental sex determination, genetic sex determination and maternal control over sex determination in the offspring are highlighted. Most of the current theory concentrates on the population-genetic aspects of sex determination transitions, using models that do not reflect the developmental mechanisms involved in sex determination. However, the increasing availability of molecular data creates opportunities for the future development of mechanistic models that will further clarify how selection and developmental architecture interact to direct the evolution of sex determination genes.
The examination of EMG Changes of Students' Trunk Muscles When Carrying Traditional Schoolbags

The purpose of this study was to examine EMG changes in rectus abdominis (RA) and erector spinae (ES) muscles when carrying backpacks, shoulder bags and hand bags (a load equal to 10% of body weight) in male elementary school students. Twenty subjects with mean age of 9.5 years were voluntarily selected. The EMG activity of these muscles was recorded bilaterally by an EMG recorder system during 1 minute of direct standing, immediately after 15 minutes of carrying each bag on a treadmill at 1.1 m/s speed. The analysis of data by ANOVA with repeated measures indicated that shoulder bag carrying induced asymmetrical activity of right and left parts in both RA and ES muscles. The hand bag carrying induced an increase in this asymmetry so that the EMG level in both muscles increased significantly at contra lateral part of the bag and decreased significantly at the ipsilateral part of the bag. While carrying backpacks, the EMG activity level of ES had a slight significant decrease but RA muscle observed a slight significant increase. The EMG activity of right and left parts in both ES and RA muscles was symmetric when carrying backpacks. According to the results of this study, backpacks can be suggested as the best mode of schoolbags, because it minimizes the asymmetry of muscle activity and the physical stress due to carrying schoolbags.