Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fibrin and Marine-Derived Agaroses for the Generation of Human Bioartificial Tissues: An Ex Vivo and In Vivo Study

Development of an ideal biomaterial for clinical use is one of the main objectives of current research in tissue engineering. Marine-origin polysaccharides, in particular agaroses, have been widely explored as scaffolds for tissue engineering. We previously developed a biomaterial based on a combination of agarose with fibrin, that was successfully translated to clinical practice. However, in search of novel biomaterials with improved physical and biological properties, we have now generated new fibrin-agarose (FA) biomaterials using 5 different types of agaroses at 4 different concentrations. First, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects and the biomechanical properties of these biomaterials. Then, each bioartificial tissue was grafted in vivo and histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed after 30 days. Ex vivo evaluation showed high biocompatibility and differences in their biomechanical properties. In vivo, FA tissues were biocompatible at the systemic and local levels, and histological analyses showed that biointegration was associated to a pro-regenerative process with M2-type CD206-positive macrophages. These results confirm the biocompatibility of FA biomaterials and support their clinical use for the generation of human tissues by tissue engineering, with the possibility of selecting specific agarose types and concentrations for applications requiring precise biomechanical properties and in vivo reabsorption times.
Candidate solar-type protostars in nearby molecular cloud cores

IRAS data have been used to examine the vicinity of nearly 100 dense clumps of molecular gas observed in lines of CO and NH3. More than one-third of these molecular cloud 'cores' contain infrared sources that appear to be newly formed, or forming, low mass stars. While about one-third of the infrared sources are associated with visible stars and have properties that resemble T Tauri stars, the remainder of the infrared sources have no optical counterparts and are probably embedded within the molecular cloud itself. These invisible sources lie close to the molecular cloud peaks and have cold, massive shells of material around them. Some of the cores without infrared sources have gas properties similar to those with embedded sources and so may be on the verge of gravitational collapse. The selection of the IRAS sample and its properties are described. The spectral energy distributions of the sources and their nature are discussed along with their physical properties, the properties of cores with and without infrared sources, and the time scale for the evolution of the sources.
Large Deviation Results for Wave Governed Random Motions Driven by Semi-Markov Processes

In this article, we present large deviation results for a model {ξ1 + … + ξ n : n ≥ 1} which is close to a random walk. More precisely, we consider independent random variables {ξ n : n ≥ 1} such that {ξ n : n ≥ 2} are i.i. d. and a different distribution for ξ1 is allowed. We prove large deviation estimates for P(N x ≤ xT) and P(N x < ∞) as x → ∞, where N x : = inf {n ≥ 1: ξ1 + … + ξ n ≥ x}. Moreover, we provide an asymptotically efficient simulation law for the estimation of P(N x ≤ xT) and P(N x < ∞) by Monte Carlo simulation based on the importance sampling technique. These results will be adapted to wave governed random motions driven by semi-Markov processes and we present some simulations. Finally, we study the convergence of some large deviation rates for standard wave governed random motions based on a scaling presented in the literature (see Kac, 1974; Orsingher, 1990).
5-HT2C Receptor Stimulation in Obesity Treatment: Orthosteric Agonists vs. Allosteric Modulators

Obesity is a substantial health and economic issue, and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter system involved in the regulation of body weight. The 5-HT2C receptors (5-HT2CRs), one of 16 of the 5-HT receptor (5-HTRs) subtypes, play a significant role in food intake and body weight control. In this review, we focused on the 5-HTR agonists, such as fenfluramines, sibutramine, and lorcaserin, which act directly or indirectly at 5-HT2CRs and have been introduced into the clinic as antiobesity medications. Due to their unwanted effects, they were withdrawn from the market. The 5-HT2CR positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) can be potentially safer active drugs than 5-HT2CR agonists. However, more in vivo validation of PAMs is required to fully determine if these drugs will be effective in obesity prevention and antiobesity pharmacology treatment. Methodology strategy: This review focuses on the role of 5-HT2CR agonism in obesity treatment, such as food intake regulation and weight gain. The literature was reviewed according to the review topic. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute open-access scientific journals using the following keyword search strategy depending on the chapter phrases: (1) “5-HT2C receptor” AND “food intake”, and (2) “5-HT2C receptor” AND “obesity” AND “respective agonists”, and (3) “5-HT2C receptor” AND “PAM”. We included preclinical studies (only present the weight loss effects) and double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials published since the 1975s (mostly related to antiobesity treatment), and excluded the pay-walled articles. After the search process, the authors selected, carefully screened, and reviewed appropriate papers. In total, 136 articles were included in this review.
Impact of some environmental parameters on phytoplankton diversity in the eastern Al-Hammer marsh / southern Iraq

: Biodiversity is one of the important biological factors in determining water quality and maintaining the ecological balance. In this study, there are 223 species of phytoplankton were identified, and they are as follows : 88 species of Bacillariophyta and were at 44%,70 species of Chlorophyta and they were at 29 %, 39 species of Cyanophyta and they were at 16 %, 12 species of Euglenozoa and they were at 4 %, four species of Miozoa and they were at 3 %, and, Phylum Charophyta and Ochrophyta were only eight and two species, respectively and both of them were at 2%. The common phytoplankton recorded in the sites studied include Nitzschia palea , Scenedesmus quadricauda , Oscillatoria princeps , and Peridinium bipes , These species recorded a significant positive correlation with Ec, Sio3, and WT. Phytoplankton including Gomphosphaeria semen - Vitis , Dicloster acuatus , Tetrastrum heteracanthum , and Dictyocha fibula , recorded a significant positive correlation with NO3, PO4, DO, and PH. Water temperature ranged between 14.200 -33.900 ºc in Al-Mansoury and Al-Sada respectively. Electrical conductivity ranged between 2.790 - 11.900 ms/cm in Al-Sada and Al-Mansoury respectively. PH ranged between7.750-8.600 in Al-Dawody and Al-Mansoury respectively. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ranged between 5.950 -13.000 mg/l in Al-Dawody and Al-Mansoury respectively.WT recorded negative correlation with pH (r= - 0.591), NO3 -2 (r= - 0.463) and DO (r= - 0.603). Nitrate ranged between 0.570-12.200 µg /l in Al-and Al-Sada respectively. Phosphate ranged between 0.003-0.154 µg/l, in Al-Dawody and Al-Mansoury respectively. Silicate ranged between 51.200-198.600 µg /l in Al-Baraka and Al-Dawody respectively. Shannon - Weiner index (H`) ranged between 2.275-3.162 in Al-Dawody and Al-Mansoury respectively. Simpson index ranged between 0.856-0.950 in Al-Mansoury and Al-Sada respectively, while the Evenness index was 0.514-0.933 in Al-Dawody and Al-Baraka respectively. Shannon-Weiner index (H`) recorded a significant positive correlation with the Simpson index .
Comodulation masking release as a function of masking noise‐band temporal envelope similarity in normal hearing and cochlear impaired listeners.

Thresholds for a pure‐tone signal (1000 Hz) were obtained from both normal hearing and hearing‐impaired listeners in a variety of masker conditions. Masking stimuli consisted of five Gaussian noise bands, each 20 Hz wide, and centered on 500, 750, 1000, 1250, and 1500 Hz. Two such base stimuli were created. In the first stimulus set, all noise bands had the same temporal envelope (comodulated). In the second set, each noise band was generated independently of the other bands, and thus each had independent temporal envelopes. Additional masking stimuli were generated by combining the comodulated and independent bands at specific comodulated/independent intensity ratios (CIR = 25, 20, 15, 10, and 5 dB), with overall level of the combined noise bands held constant. The result of increasing CIR was a progressive increase in the similarity of temporal envelopes of the noise bands masking the signal. Compared to threshold for the pure‐tone signal in independent bands of noise, threshold steadily decreased as th.
Surface wave higher-mode phase velocity measurements using a roller-coaster-type algorithm

SUMMARY In order to solve a highly non-linear problem by introducing the smallest a priori information, we present a new inverse technique called the 'roller coaster' technique and apply it to measure surface wave mode-branch phase velocities. The fundamental mode and the first six overtone parameter vectors, defined over their own significant frequency ranges, are smoothed average phase velocity perturbations along the great circle epicentre-station path. These measurements explain well both Rayleigh and Love waveforms, within a maximum period range included between 40 and 500 s. The main idea of this technique is to first determine all possible configurations of the parameter vector, imposing large-scale correlations over the model space, and secondly to explore each of them locally in order to match the short-wavelength variations. The final solution which achieves the minimum misfit of all local optimizations, in the least- squares sense, is then hardly influenced by the reference model. Each mode-branch a posteriori reliability estimate turns out to be a very powerful instrument in assessing the phase velocity measurements. Our Rayleigh results for the Vanuatu-California path seem to agree correctly with previous ones.
Scalable Production and In Vitro Efficacy of Inhaled Erlotinib Nanoemulsion for Enhanced Efficacy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a global concern as one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. The treatment options for NSCLC are limited to systemic chemotherapy, administered either orally or intravenously, with no local chemotherapies to target NSCLC. In this study, we have prepared nanoemulsions of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), erlotinib, using the single step, continuous manufacturing, and easily scalable hot melt extrusion (HME) technique without additional size reduction step. The formulated nanoemulsions were optimized and evaluated for their physiochemical properties, in vitro aerosol deposition behavior, and therapeutic activity against NSCLC cell lines both in vitro and ex vivo. The optimized nanoemulsion showed suitable aerosolization characteristics for deep lung deposition. The in vitro anti-cancer activity was tested against the NSCLC A549 cell line which exhibited 2.8-fold lower IC50 for erlotinib-loaded nanoemulsion, as compared to erlotinib-free solution. Furthermore, ex vivo studies using a 3D spheroid model also revealed higher efficacy of erlotinib-loaded nanoemulsion against NSCLC. Hence, inhalable nanoemulsion can be considered as a potential therapeutic approach for the local lung delivery of erlotinib to NSCLC.
Exon-18-EGFR Mutated Transformed Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) transformation from EGFR mutant adenocarcinoma is a rare entity that is considered to be a new phenotype of SCLC. While transformation from adenocarcinoma (ADC) with EGFR exon 19 deletions and exon 21 L858R point mutations has been described, to our knowledge, no cases of transformation to SCLC from exon-18-mutated ADC have been reported. We reported a clinical case of a patient with exon-18-EGFR-transformed SCLC, and we performed a systematic review of the literature.
Trajectory Planning and Energy Optimization for UAV-Assisted Vehicular Networks in Urban Scenarios

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted edge networks can provide convenient, fast, and flexible services for ground users (GEs) through line-of-sight (LoS) communication, and the Internet of vehicles (IoV) needs to upload and update the information of vehicles effectively to guarantee the safety of road traffic. Therefore, UAV-assisted vehicular networks play a crucial role in some special circumstances. Due to the occlusion of buildings, the communication between UAVs and vehicles in urban scenarios needs to comprehensively consider the LoS communication and non-line of sight (NLoS) communication. In this paper, we investigate the trajectory planning of the UAVs in UAV-assisted vehicular networks to ensure the effective uploading of vehicles' information and minimize the energy consumption of the UAVs. The objective is the cumulative service time of multiple UAVs, considering the continuous movement action and discrete service selection decision. We propose a multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG) algorithm to intelligently tackle the optimization problem. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively guarantee the uploading process of vehicles' information through optimizing the trajectory of UAVs. Moreover, the results verify that the cooperation of multiple UAVs can reduce the completion time of tasks, and the overall energy consumption of the UAVs is lower than that of a single UAV.
Parthenolide Phytosomes Attenuated Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats via Activation of Sirt-1, Nrf2, OH-1, and NQO1 Axis

Nephrotoxicity is a serious complication that limits the clinical use of gentamicin (GEN). Parthenolide (PTL) is a sesquiterpene lactone derived from feverfew with various therapeutic benefits. However, PTL possesses low oral bioavailability. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic protective effects of PTL-phytosomes against GEN-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The PTL was prepared as phytosomes to improve the pharmacological properties with a particle size of 407.4 nm, and surface morphology showed oval particles with multiple edges. Rats were divided into six groups: control, nano-formulation plain vehicle, PTL-phytosomes (10 mg/kg), GEN (100 mg/kg), GEN + PTL-phytosomes (5 mg/kg), and GEN + PTL-phytosomes (10 mg/kg). The administration of PTL-phytosomes alleviated GEN-induced impairment in kidney functions and histopathological damage, and decreased kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). The anti-oxidative effect of PTL-phytosomes was demonstrated by the reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Furthermore, PTL-phytosomes treatment significantly enhanced sirtuin 1 (Sirt-1), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Additionally, PTL-phytosomes treatment exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties in the kidney tissue. These findings suggest that PTL-phytosomes attenuate renal dysfunction and structural damage by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the kidney.
Baroclinic Wave Transitions in the Martian Atmosphere

Abstract Surface pressure data from the Viking Lander mission and from GCM simulations of the martian atmosphere have been analyzed using singular systems analysis. Very regular oscillations are found with frequencies that are distributed bimodally with peaks corresponding to periods of approximately 2–4 days and 5–7 days, respectively. Reconstructions of the amplitudes of the two oscillations are often negatively correlated; i.e., when the amplitude of one oscillation is large, that of the other is small. The GCM simulations show that the negative correlation in the amplitudes of the two oscillations can be explained as a flipping between two different wavenumber modes. In the absence of diurnal forcing in the model, transition from an unrealistically regular high frequency mode to a similarly unrealistic regular low frequency mode occurs at most once during the northern winter season. The diurnal cycle in the model, however, acts in a non-linear sense to stimulate the transitions between the two wavenumbers and thus increases the frequency of mode flipping events. The corresponding simulations bear a closer resemblance to the observations.
Understanding Different Types of Followers’ Engagement and the Transformation of Millennial Followers into Cosmetic Brand Evangelists

Facebook pages of cosmetic products have substantially grown among millennial consumers. This study aims to explore the motivational factors that affect different types of millennial followers’ engagement, including followers on Facebook pages of cosmetic products, and examine different types of millennial followers’ engagement that influence brand evangelism. A quantitative method involving the technique of partial least square structural equation modeling was applied. An online questionnaire was designed to collect data from millennial followers. The results revealed that informational content stimulates active lurkers and passive participants, while entertaining content positively influences only active participants. Social interaction value is influential to active and passive participants. It was found that identification is the motivation factor that drives both active participants and lurkers. Confidence benefits and special treatment benefits were found to be the motivation factor that stimulates all participants. Social benefits substantially influence active participants and lurkers. Interestingly, the followers’ passive participation has a great influence on brand evangelism. This study opposes the notion that active lurkers and passive participants are less important than active participants and supports the literature by revealing the importance of distinguishing between active participants, active lurkers, and passive participants in causing different impacts on brand evangelism.
Fabrication of High-Sensitivity Optical Fiber Sensor by an Improved Arc-Discharge Heating System

We proposed a high-sensitivity optical fiber sensor based on a dual-resonance helical long-period fiber grating (HLPG). The grating is fabricated in a single-mode fiber (SMF) by using an improved arc-discharge heating system. The transmission spectra and the dual-resonance characteristics of the SMF-HLPG near the dispersion turning point (DTP) were studied through simulation. In the experiment, a four-electrode arc-discharge heating system was developed. The system can keep the surface temperature of optical fiber relatively constant during the grating preparation process, which shows an advantage in preparing high-quality triple- and single-helix HLPGs. In particular, benefiting from this manufacturing system, the SMF-HLPG operating near the DTP was successfully prepared directly by arc-discharge technology, without secondary processing of the grating. As a typical application example of the proposed SMF-HLPG, physical parameters such as temperature, torsion, curvature and strain can be measured with high sensitivity by monitoring the variation of the wavelength separation in the transmission spectrum. Therefore, the proposed sensor and its fabrication technology have potential application prospects in practical sensing measurement.
AlexNet‐NDTL: Classification of MRI brain tumor images using modified AlexNet with deep transfer learning and Lipschitz‐based data augmentation

Deep learning is frequently used to classify medical images. Surgeons may know the type of tumor before doing surgery on a patient. Transfer learning was used to alleviate the overfitting issue of deep networks in classification since the training samples, such as a brain MRI dataset, were insufficient. To overcome this issue, We introduce a new deep‐learning methodology for the categorization of MRI brain tumor images. This method combines a unique data augmentation model with modified AlexNet and network‐based deep transfer learning. We used Lipschitz‐based data augmentation on a dataset, and the output of the augmentation model was fed into a modified AlexNet that uses network‐based deep transfer learning to extract features from a dataset. The proposed model is trained and tested using the BraTS 2020 and Figshare datasets. The proposed model's performance is assessed using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, F1‐score, and MCC. The proposed model yields superior results.
Hospitalizations of Chronic Dialysis Patients: A National Study in China

Background: Patients receiving chronic dialysis are usually with multiple comorbidities and at high risk for hospitalization, which lead to tremendous health care resource utilization. This study aims to explore the characteristics of hospitalizations among chronic dialysis patients in China. Methods: Hospital admissions from January 2013 to December 2015 were extracted from a national inpatient database in China. Chronic dialysis, including hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, was identified according to inpatient discharge records and International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) codes. The primary kidney disease, causes of admissions, modalities of dialysis, and comorbidities were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the association of patient characteristics with multiple hospitalizations per year. Results: Altogether, 266,636 hospitalizations from 124,721 chronic dialysis patients were included in the study. The mean age was 54.46 ± 15.63 years and 78.29% of them were receiving hemodialysis. The leading cause of hospitalizations was dialysis access-related, including dialysis access creation (25.06%) and complications of access (21.09%). The following causes were nonaccess surgery (1.89%), cardiovascular disease (1.66%), and infectious diseases (1.43%). One-fourth of the patients were hospitalized more than once per year. Multivariate logistic regression models indicated that the primary kidney disease of diabetic kidney disease (odds ratio [OR]: 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–1.22) or hypertensive nephropathy (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.27–1.40), coronary heart disease (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.14), cancer (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.13–1.30), or modality of peritoneal dialysis (OR: 2.67, 95% CI: 2.59–2.75) was risk factors for multiple hospitalizations. Conclusion: Our study described characteristics and revealed the burden of hospitalizations of chronic dialysis patients in China. These findings highlight the importance of effective and efficient management strategies to reduce the high burden of hospitalization in dialysis population.