Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can Similarity-Based Domain-Ordering Reduce Catastrophic Forgetting for Intent Recognition?

Task-oriented dialogue systems are expected to handle a constantly expanding set of intents and domains even after they have been deployed to support more and more functionalities. To live up to this expectation, it becomes critical to mitigate the catastrophic forgetting problem (CF) that occurs in continual learning (CL) settings for a task such as intent recognition. While existing dialogue systems research has explored replay-based and regularization-based methods to this end, the effect of domain ordering on the CL performance of intent recognition models remains unexplored. If understood well, domain ordering has the potential to be an orthogonal technique that can be leveraged alongside existing techniques such as experience replay. Our work fills this gap by comparing the impact of three domain-ordering strategies (min-sum path, max-sum path, random) on the CL performance of a generative intent recognition model. Our findings reveal that the min-sum path strategy outperforms the others in reducing catastrophic forgetting when training on the 220M T5-Base model. However, this advantage diminishes with the larger 770M T5-Large model. These results underscores the potential of domain ordering as a complementary strategy for mitigating catastrophic forgetting in continually learning intent recognition models, particularly in resource-constrained scenarios.
Don't mention it: An approach to assess challenges to using software mentions for citation and discoverability research

Datasets collecting software mentions from scholarly publications can potentially be used for research into the software that has been used in the published research, as well as into the practice of software citation. Recently, new software mention datasets with different characteristics have been published. We present an approach to assess the usability of such datasets for research on research software. Our approach includes sampling and data preparation, manual annotation for quality and mention characteristics, and annotation analysis. We applied it to two software mention datasets for evaluation based on qualitative observation. Doing this, we were able to find challenges to working with the selected datasets to do research. Main issues refer to the structure of the dataset, the quality of the extracted mentions (54% and 23% of mentions respectively are not to software), and software accessibility. While one dataset does not provide links to mentioned software at all, the other does so in a way that can impede quantitative research endeavors: (1) Links may come from different sources and each point to different software for the same mention. (2) The quality of the automatically retrieved links is generally poor (in our sample, 65.4% link the wrong software). (3) Links exist only for a small subset (in our sample, 20.5%) of mentions, which may lead to skewed or disproportionate samples. However, the greatest challenge and underlying issue in working with software mention datasets is the still suboptimal practice of software citation: Software should not be mentioned, it should be cited following the software citation principles.
Seeing Double: Calibrating Two Jets at Once

Jet energy calibration is an important aspect of many measurements and searches at the LHC. Currently, these calibrations are performed on a per-jet basis, i.e. agnostic to the properties of other jets in the same event. In this work, we propose taking advantage of the correlations induced by momentum conservation between jets in order to improve their jet energy calibration. By fitting the $p_T$ asymmetry of dijet events in simulation, while remaining agnostic to the $p_T$ spectra themselves, we are able to obtain correlation-improved maximum likelihood estimates. This approach is demonstrated with simulated jets from the CMS Detector, yielding a $3$-$5\%$ relative improvement in the jet energy resolution, corresponding to a quadrature improvement of approximately 35\%.
Chromatin regulator Kdm6b is required for the establishment and maintenance of neural stem cells in mouse hippocampus

Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) – a structure important to learning and memory – generate new neurons postnatally and throughout adult life. However, the regulators that enable this lifelong neurogenesis remain incompletely understood. Here we show that the chromatin regulator KDM6B is required for both the establishment and maintenance of NSCs in the mouse DG. Conditional deletion of Kdm6b in embryonic DG precursors results in an adult hippocampus that is essentially devoid of NSCs, and hippocampal-dependent behaviors are defective. Kdm6b-deletion causes precocious neuronal differentiation, and the NSC population fails to become established in the postnatal DG. Using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we observed that Kdm6b-deletion disrupts the transcriptomic signature of NSC maintenance. Furthermore, deleting Kdm6b in adult DG NSCs induces early neuronal differentiation, and the NSC population is not properly maintained. These data illustrate the critical role that Kdm6b plays in adult DG neurogenesis, which may help understand how mutations in this chromatin regulator result in cognitive disorders in human patients.
Ndufs4 knockout induces transcriptomic signatures of Alzheimer’s Diseases that are partially reversed by mitochondrial complex I inhibitor

Mitochondrial dysfunction is well documented in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, whether it instigates the onset of AD remains unclear. We demonstrate that a reduction of complex I activity in wild type (WT) mice caused by a global knockout of Ndufs4, an accessory mitochondrial complex I subunit, was sufficient to induce transcriptomic changes in the brain reminiscent of those observed in AD patients and familial mouse models of AD. Reduced complex I activity affected expression of genes in the networks related to mitochondrial homeostasis, neuronal and synaptic function. Transcriptomic signatures in male and female Ndufs4-/-mice reflected a different severity of AD phenotype. Unexpectedly, these changes were partially rescued by a neuroprotective small molecule mild complex I inhibitor CP2. Consistent with studies in AD mice, CP2 treatment in Ndufs4-/- mice augmented the expression of genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover, synaptic activity, autophagy, redox balance, and reduced expression of genes related to inflammation. Female Ndufs4-/- mice demonstrated a greater reversal of gene expression toward WT mice. These studies provide further support for mitochondria as a causative factor of AD pathophysiology and complex I as a putative therapeutic target.
The genome of Przewalski’s horse (Equus ferus przewalskii)

The Przewalski’s horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) is an endangered equid native to the steppes of central Asia. After becoming extinct in the wild, multiple conservation efforts convened to preserve the species including captive breeding programs, reintroduction and monitoring systems, protected lands, and cloning. Availability of a highly contiguous reference genome is essential to support these continued efforts. We used Oxford Nanopore sequencing to produce a scaffold-level 2.5 Gb nuclear assembly and 16,002 bp mitogenome from a captive Przewalski’s mare. All assembly drafts were generated from 111 Gb of sequence from a single PromethION R10.4. 1 flow cell. The mitogenome contained 37 genes in the standard mammalian configuration and was 99.63% identical to the domestic horse (Equus caballus). The nuclear assembly, EquPr2, contained 2,146 scaffolds with an N50 of 85.1 Mb, 43X mean depth, and BUSCO quality score of 98.92%. EquPr2 successfully improves upon the existing Przewalski’s horse reference genome (Burgud), with 25-fold fewer scaffolds, a 166-fold larger N50, and phased pseudohaplotypes. Modified basecalls revealed 79.5% DNA methylation and 2.1% hydroxymethylation globally. Allele-specific methylation analysis between pseudohaplotypes revealed 226 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in known imprinted genes and loci not previously reported as imprinted. The heterozygosity rate of 0.165% matches previous estimates for the species and compares favorably to other endangered animals. This improved Przewalski’s horse assembly will serve as a valuable resource for conservation efforts and comparative genomics investigations.
PREVALENCE OF MASTITIS AND ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS AMONG DAIRY BUFFALOES IN UBAY, BOHOL, PHILIPPINES

Mastitis is an economically important disease of intensive dairy farming worldwide. Detection using reliable tests is important for its management and control. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and analyze the risk factors for mastitis in the dairy farm of Philippine Carabao Center at Ubay Stock Farm (PCC-USF) in Ubay, Bohol. Data on animal demographics, reproduction status, daily milk yield and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) were obtained from PCC-USF records. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Odds Ratio (OR) at 5% level of significance. Univariate analysis was used to assess the association between putative risk factors & elevated SCC (>200,000 cells/mL). The proportion of mastitis using SCC was 17.9%. The prevalence was lower than those reported in other studies. Specifically, mastitis prevalence was higher in the following groups of buffaloes: American Murrah, 6-7 years old, 1-90 days of lactation, non-pregnant and ≥2 parities (P>0.05). None of the factors investigated were associated with mastitis prevalence which could be attributed to the small sample size of the study. Future studies should be carried out involving large sample sizes and bacteriological examinations to determine animal-level risk factors and implicating microorganisms, respectively.
Elevated prevalence of the global panzootic chytrid strain in Ecuadorian anurans of the Amazonian lowlands

Considerable attention has been directed to studying the infection dynamics of the fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), affecting amphibians in the high elevations of the Neotropics. Lowland forests of the same realm, on the other hand, remain relatively understudied in this context. Herein, an attempt to bridge this gap was made by investigating the occurrence of Bd in several anuran taxa inhabiting the Amazonian lowlands in the northeast of Ecuador. To this end, 207 anurans belonging to 10 different families, 25 different genera, and 55 distinct host species were sampled for Bd DNA in 2008. Data on the taxonomy, morphology (i.e., weight and snout-vent length), and life-long aquatic dependency of hosts (i.e., aquatic index) were also collated to serve as potential predictors of infection prevalence. Genotyping via quantitative PCR revealed the presence of the global panzootic lineage of Bd (Bd-GPL) in the Ecuadorian Amazon. The overall infection prevalence of Bd was determined to be 58%, which is a relatively high prevalence rate of Bd reported for any amphibian population from the lowlands of the Neotropics to date. A total of 88% of sampled anuran families tested positive for the infection at varying proportions. A logistic regression analysis showed a significant negative relationship between host weight and the proportion of Bd infections (p < 0.05). However, no significant associations were observed between host taxonomy, aquatic dependency, or snout-vent length and Bd prevalence. Our findings contribute to the understanding of Bd dynamics in the Neotropical lowlands and emphasize the need for future research on the ecological factors influencing Bd in the Amazon and their implications for amphibian conservation.
GEDRAG VAN ZWARE METALEN IN AANGELEGDE ZUIVERINGSMOERASSEN BEHAVIOUR OF HEAVY METALS IN CONSTRUCTED TREATMENT WETLANDS

s Lesage, E. , Roggeman, S. , De Pauw, N. , Du Laing, G. , Meers, E. , Rousseau, D.P.L. , Tack, F.M.G. and Verloo, M.G. (2003). Copper tolerance of some aquatic macrophytes commonly used for wastewater treatment. In: Book of abstracts of the 1 International Seminar on the Use of Aquatic Macrophytes for Wastewater treatment in Constructed Wetlands, May 8-10, 2006, Lisbon, Portugal, 637. Lesage, E. , Meers, E. , Tack, F.M.G. and Verloo, M.G. (2003). Phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated soil: I Effect of EDTA and citric acid on the bioavailability of heavy metals. In: Book of abstracts of the 6 International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry, September 7-11, 2003, Edinburgh, Scotland, 156.
Characterization of Phenotypic Diversity of Feijoa Fruits of Germplasm Accessions in Brazil

F.D. Sánchez-Mora, Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Univ. Técnica de Manabí, Ecuador; F.D. Sánchez-Mora, L. Saifert, V.S. Petry, A.M. Rojas-Molina, M.E. Lopes, G.G. Lombardi, and R.O. Nodari, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Univ. Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil; M.N. Ciotta, H.N. Ribeiro, and J.P.H.J. Ducroquet, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina S.A. , EPAGRI São Joaquim, Brasil; and K.L. dos Santos, Dep. de Ciências Naturais e Sociais, Campus de Curitibanos, Univ. Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil.
Gone with the wind: Aerial dispersal ofParthenolecanium cornicrawlers in a newly planted grapevine plot

Soft scales nymphs are suspected to propagate grapevine leafroll viruses in the vineyard, while moving from vine to vine, but results of long distance dispersion, especially those due to wind, are poorly known. Thus, a net of sticky cylindrical traps was placed in a newly planted grapevine plot to evaluate aerial dispersal of Parthenolecanium corni (Hemiptera Coccidae) nymphs. The plot was surrounded by vine plots infested by this species. Number of crawlers collected on traps was generally higher on the trap side exposed downwind and depended on population density of neighbouring vines. Coloured glitters of size and weight similar to that of crawlers were used to simulate wind transport. The highest number of glitters was trapped at the prevailing wind sector. A majority of glitters was found on traps close to dispersion cups, and the most remote were collected up to 165 m away from glitter source. Wind dispersal of crawlers was confirmed by colonisation of the new vine plot by P. corni , 2 years after plantation. The settling of P. corni on the young plot displayed no significant structure, as expected from a wind dispersal. Although grapevine leafroll viruses and Grapevine virus A were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in several batches of trapped nymphs, these viruses were not found in vines colonised by P. corni in the new plot within the 4 years following plantation.
Trade negotiations and global relations: emerging players and actors (II)

The EU's development policy seeks to eradicate poverty, promote the sustainable development of developing countries, defend human rights and democracy and promote gender equality and overcome environmental and climate challenges. Development aid is a limited resource. For this reason, the Union is committed to the effectiveness of aid and promotes close relations with partner countries in terms of programming and implementing development actions. With this perspective, the "EU Code of Conduct on the division of labor in the field of development policy" was adopted in 2007, and the "Operational framework on the effectiveness of development aid" was adopted in 2011. These measures are consistent with the international measures undertaken in response to the 2005 Paris Declaration of the OECD, which promotes ownership, harmonization, alignment, results and mutual responsibility in development assistance. Amidst highly anticipated outcomes from ongoing trade talks between US and China, Brexit negotiations outcomes, as well recently concluded NAFTA negotiations, the atmosphere surrounding global trade relations could not be more highly charged. This volume not only illustrates how the changing face, landscape and scene of political economy and international trade relations are significantly impacting financial stability, regulatory, legal and financial related actors; but also highlights and explains how certain actors are contributing in addressing those instabilities which are threatening current global spheres as a result of recent developments.
Neurobiology of Chakras and Prayer

Chakras are a basic concept of yoga but typically are ignored by scientific research on yoga, probably because descriptions of chakras can appear like a fanciful mythology. Chakras are commonly considered to be centers of concentrated metaphysical energy. Although clear physiological effects exist for yoga practices, no explanation of how chakras influence physiological function has been broadly accepted either in the scientific community or among yoga scholars. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that yoga is based on subjective experience, and practitioners often shun objective descriptions. This essay builds on earlier work hypothesizing that inter-cellular gap junction connections provide a physiological mechanism underlying subtle energy systems described in yoga as well as other disciplines such as acupuncture. Three physical aspects of chakras are distinguished that are integrated through gap junction mechanisms and are proposed to have arisen during embryological development. Furthermore, electrical conductance associated with a high concentration of gap junctions could generate phenomena that, when sub-jectively experienced, have the radiant qualities attributed to chakras. This theory provides a scientific rationale for previously unexplained details of chakra theory and offers a new orientation to conceptualizing and studying such subjective phenomena.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Leadership as an emergent group process: A social network study of personality and leadership

A longitudinal study was conducted on a leadership network to explore how Big Five personality characteristics affect receiver ties (being nominated as a leader), sender ties (nominating others as leaders), and similarity effects (nominating similar/different others as leaders). These tendencies were assessed within a group of 41 students across three time points. The findings demonstrated that personality characteristics of both leaders and followers influence the emergence of task and relationship leaders. The findings provide evidence that leadership is a dynamic group process and that integrating leader-centred, follower-centred and relational similarity effects offers a more thorough understanding of the role of personality in the social process of leadership emergence.
Potential contribution of Sulla spinosissima (L.) and Sulla pallida (Desf.) as a forage crop for arid pastures rehabilitation

Mediterranean climate is reported to harbor a wide range of forage legume species. However, little information is available on the potential use of these forages as fodder. We, therefore, conducted a study to evaluate the chemical composition, mineral content, and in vitro dry and organic matter digestibility of two forage legume species from arid pastures located in the Northeast of Morocco: Sulla spinosissima subsp. capitata and Sulla pallida Desf. To our knowledge, this is the �rst report about the nutritive value of these two species. Our results showed a wide variation between selected Sulla species; the phenological stage had a signi�cant effect (p < 0.05) on most evaluated chemical traits and digestibility parameters. Comparatively, Sulla spinosissima L. had higher organic matter digestibility (72.43%OM) at the vegetative stage in correlation with lower acid detergent �ber (ADF) (24.23%DM), lower condensed tannin, (CT) (0.27%DM), and higher crude protein (24.01%DM). Conversely, Sulla pallida Desf. plants with a considerable amount of ADF (40.34%DM) and CT (4.50 %DM) had lower organic matter digestibility (56.09%OM). Both species are mineral-rich and contain satisfactory mean (gram per Kilogram Dry Matter) levels of calcium: 23.25 in Sulla spinosissima L. and 13.75 in Sulla pallida Desf. ; phosphorus 1.01 in Sulla spinosissima L. and 1.53 in Sulla pallida Desf. The results of the present study suggest the suitability of both Sulla species for domestication to enhance pasture productivity and to ensure animal nutrition of small ruminants in arid pastures of Mediterranean area.
Seismic modelling for geological fractures

Based on knowledge of a commutative group calculation of the rock stiffness and on some geophysical assumptions, the simplest fractured medium may be regarded as a fracture embedded in an isotropic background medium, and the fracture interface can be simulated as a linear slip interface that satisfies non‐welded contact boundary conditions: the kinematic displacements are discontinuous across the interface, whereas the dynamic stresses are continuous across the interface. The finite‐difference method with boundary conditions explicitly imposed is advantageous for modelling wave propagation in fractured discontinuous media that are described by the elastic equation of motion and non‐welded contact boundary conditions. In this paper, finite‐difference schemes for horizontally, vertically, and orthogonally fractured media are derived when the fracture interfaces are aligned with the boundaries of the finite‐difference grid. The new finite‐difference schemes explicitly have an additional part that is different from the conventional second‐order finite‐difference scheme and that directly describes the contributions of the fracture to the wave equation of motion in the fractured medium. The numerical seismograms presented, to first order, show that the new finite‐difference scheme is accurate and stable and agrees well with the results of previously published finite‐difference schemes (the Coates and Schoenberg method). The results of the new finite‐difference schemes show how the amplitude of the reflection produced by the fracture varies with the fracture compliances. Later, comparisons with the reflection coefficients indicate that the reflection coefficients of the fracture are frequency dependent, whereas the reflection coefficients of the impedance contrast interface are frequency independent. In addition, the numerical seismograms show that the reflections of the fractured medium are equal to the reflections of the background medium plus the reflections of the fracture in the elastic fractured medium.
: alternative

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as an alternative to ionic liquids (ILs). DESs share with ILs some appealing features, such as low vapor pressure, capability to dissolve reagents insoluble in common organic solvents, and the possibility to tune the overall pH of the medium by replacing one of the constituents of the mixture. Furthermore, DESs can be prepared by combining molecules that come from natural sources ( i.e. , glycerol, glucose), making them biodegradable. DESs have already been used for a variety of reactions and protocols since they were reported for the first time by A. P. Abbott, G. Capper, D. L. Davies, R. K. Rasheed and V. Tambyrajah, Chem. Commun. , 2003, 70, and among the reactions studied, organic oxidation has recently gained much attention. In particular, the recyclability of these ionic compounds makes it possible to achieve anchoring of organic oxidants, such as TEMPO and peroxydisulfate, directly onto one species of the DES mixture components. In addition, their solubility properties play a crucial role in organic oxidation since DESs have the ability to dissolve both organic lipophilic and hydrophilic species, making the oxidation of organic compounds mediated by hydrogen peroxide more efficient. Herein we report the state of the art of this developing field, focusing on the benefits of substituting common organic solvents with DESs, especially in terms of sustainability, enhancement of reactivity, and recyclability.