Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Communication Problems Affecting the Lives of High School 12th Grade Students

Article History: Received 16.05. 2021 Received in revised form 21.10. 2021 Accepted Available online 01.12. 2021 In this study, it is aimed to reveal the communication problems faced by high school 12th grade students in their lives. Semi-structured interview model, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. Interview form was used as data collection tool in the study. The study group of the research consists of 24 high school students in Pendik district of Istanbul province. The data obtained from the interviews have been analyzed using the method of descriptive analysis. The findings obtained in the research are given below: 1The communication problems that high school 12th grade students face with their families are mostly not to understand and to make pressure. 2High school 12th grade students' communication problems with their friends are mostly insecurity, selfishness, gossip and slang speeches. 3The communication problems that high school 12th grade students encounter with their teachers are mostly misunderstanding and humiliating behavior. 4Communication problems that high school 12th grade students encounter in social life are mostly rude behaviors and intolerance. 5According to high school 12th grade students, effective communication should be most within the framework of understanding, listening and respect for each other. © IJERE. All rights reserved
Ameliorative Potential of Biocharcoal on Sodium Azide Toxicity in African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst. Ex. A. Rich) Harms.

The study focused primarily on evaluating the ameliorative potential of biocharcoal on sodium azide toxicity (35 ppm) in African yam bean ( Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst. Ex. A. Rich) Harms. A field experiment was conducted using river sand and mixtures of biocharcoal from Pentaclethra macrophylla , represented by 0 (100 % river sand, control), 25, 50, 75 and 100 % biocharcoal added to ameliorate the toxic effects of sodium azide on African yam bean. Morphological parameters measured include germination percentage, number of leaves and secondary roots, percentage seedling emergence, shoot height, number of branches and number of leaves were recorded. The effect of biocharcoal on the toxicity of sodium azide to soil pH, conductivity, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium contents and microbial community were also recorded. The growth of African yam bean was significantly improved by the application of the biocharcoal as higher plant height, number of leaves, percentage seedling emergence and number of branches were observed when compared with control. Soil conductivity, potassium and phosphorus were significantly higher in the treatments with biocharcoal. No positive effect on soil nitrogen content was observed. Biocharcoal addition adversely affected soil microbial community. Biocharcoal proved to have ameliorative potential however more work is needed to understand the mechanism by which it operates.
Exploring the chelating capacity of 2-hydroxyphenyl-benzimidazole based hybrids with multi-target ability as anti-Alzheimer's agents

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common (60–70%) form of dementia in the elderly population. Its complex and multifactorial nature requires the development of drugs capable of hitting several disease targets, such as cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative stress, deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) and metal ion dyshomeostasis. Two series of hybrids, mimetics of donepezil (DNP) and tacrine (TAC), containing a 2-hydroxyphenyl-benzimidazole (BIM) chelating moiety (DNP-BIM and TAC-BIM), were formerly developed and found to exhibit multi-target ability as anti-AD compounds. Due to the recognized role of metal ions as age triggers of AD, namely responsible for oxidative stress and Aβ aggregation, the copper and zinc chelating capacity is herein evaluated for two DNP-BIM hybrids (PP-BIM and PZ-BIM) and one TAC-BIM (TAC-BIM1) hybrid, as well as the role of copper in their Aβ aggregation inhibitory capacity. The compounds exhibit good chelating capacity towards Cu(II) (pCu ∼ 11) and moderate towards Zn(II) (pZn ∼ 6) in a 50% w/w DMSO/water medium, with the formation of 1 : 1 (MHL) and 1 : 2 (MH2L2, ML2 and MH−1L2) complex species involving the phenolic oxygen and the imidazole nitrogen N(3) of the BIM moiety in the coordination shell. All hybrids are able to improve the inhibition of self-induced Aβ aggregation, probably by ligand intercalation between the β-sheets of Aβ fibrils, with markedly higher inhibitory capacity for the tacrine conjugates than for the donepezil conjugates. Nevertheless, the compounds do no’t seem able to retrieve Cu(II) from Aβ peptide and so they may have no relevant role in Cu(II)-induced-Aβ aggregation.
Effect of hard segments content on the properties, structure and biodegradation of nonisocyanate polyurethane

The present study investigates the biodegradation of synthesized condensation nonisocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs). It was prepared by reacting phenol sulphonic acid and oligooxypropylene diol and formaldehyde and contained different amounts of hard segments (HSs). Polyurethane samples were submitted to biodegradation with microorganisms R-14 and in garden soil. The tensile strength (TS), relative elongation at break and weight loss of the prepared samples were evaluated and their structure and morphology analysed. It was found that maximum decrease of the TS of all tested NIPU samples occurred only after 7 days of biodegradation. Maximum TS decrease attained was approximately 70% and 75%, respectively, for NIPU based on 0.8-mol and 1-mol HS. Moreover, significant decrease of relative elongation at break and weight loss values after biodegradation in culture R-14 for NIPU samples based on 0.9-mol HS and 1-mol HS was observed. Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopic results confirmed that biodegradation occurred in urea or urethane groups. The glass transition of HSs decreased by at least 20°C due to biodegradation, suggesting that this later took place almost only in the crystalline region of NIPU samples.
Chemical Fractionation of Sediment Phosphorus in Residential Urban Stormwater Ponds in Florida, USA

Stormwater ponds collect and transform pollutants (including nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus) in urban runoff and are often hydrologically connected to downstream waters, making it important to maximize their pollutant retention efficiency. A key mechanism for phosphorus (P) removal in stormwater ponds is sedimentation. However, sediment P in stormwater ponds may be present in several chemical forms with varying bioavailability and potential to move from sediments into the overlying water column. The purpose of this study was to characterize the chemical fractions of sediment P in residential urban stormwater ponds, with the goal of better understanding expected movement of P from sediments to water. We used a chemical fractionation scheme to separate sediment P into the following pools: loosely adsorbed and readily available P, Fe- and Al-bound P, Ca- and Mg-bound P, NaOH-exchangeable organic P, and refractory P. From six stormwater ponds in the Tampa Bay, Florida urban area, we found the pool of readily available P was less than 3% of total sediment P, and the refractory P pool was 28–40% of Total P. However, both Fe/Al-bound and Ca/Mg-bound P each accounted for about 18% of total sediment P. These latter pools may become available under anoxic or low pH (<6) conditions, respectively, demonstrating that a change in environmental conditions could cause internal P loading from sediments to pond water.
3D geometric morphometrics analysis of mandibular fragments of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis from the late Miocene deposits of Central Macedonia, Greece.

OBJECTIVES To explore mandibular shape differences between Ouranopithecus macedoniensis and a comparative sample of extant great apes using three-dimensional (3D) geometrics morphometrics. Other objectives are to assess mandibular shape variation and homogeneity within Ouranopithecus, explore the effects of size on mandibular shape, and explore the degree of mandibular sexual size dimorphism in Ouranopithecus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The comparative sample comprises digitized mandibles from adult extant great apes. The 3D analysis includes three datasets: one with landmarks registered on the mandibular corpus and symphysis of mandibles preserving both sides, one on hemimandibles only, and one focused on the ramus and gonial area. Multivariate statistical analyses were conducted, such as ordination analyses (PCA), intra-specific Procrustes distances pairs, pairwise male-female centroid size differences, and correlation analyses. RESULTS The male and female specimens of Ouranopithecus have mandibular shapes that are quite similar, although differences exist. The Procrustes distances results suggest more shape variation in Ouranopithecus than in the extant great apes. Ouranopithecus shows some similarities in mandibular shape to the larger great apes, Gorilla and Pongo. Moreover, the degree of sexual dimorphism in the small Ouranopithecus sample is greater than any of the great apes. Based on our correlation analyses of principal components (PC) with size, some PCs are significantly correlated with size, with correlation varying from moderate to substantial. DISCUSSION This study attempted to understand better the variation within the mandibles of O. macedoniensis and the expression of sexual dimorphism in this taxon in more detail than has been done previously. The overall mandibular morphology of Ouranopithecus shows some similarities to those of the larger great apes, which likely reflects similarities in size. Compared to Gorilla and Pongo, O. macedoniensis shows an elevated degree of morphological variation, although limitations relating to sample size apply. Sexual dimorphism in the mandibles of O. macedoniensis appears to be relatively high, seemingly greater than in Gorilla and high even in comparison to Pongo, but this again is possibly in part an artifact of a small sample size.
Why Can’t I Work in a Green Way? Research on the Influencing Mechanism of Employees’ Labor Intentions

Non-green labor patterns have a negative impact on health and organizational sustainable development. This research proposes a green labor style that takes the sustainable development of employees themselves as the premise, with the protection of their physical and mental health as a long-term goal, that is not only concerned with how to build a reasonable mechanism to guarantee the physical and mental health of employees, but also with the labor protection mechanism of the whole process, from production to output. On the basis of social cognitive theory and the job demands-resources (JD-R) model, this study recruited a sample of 884 Chinese employees to explore the mechanism of their willingness to conduct green labor, including factors such as institutional constraints, boundary management, and organization-based self-esteem (OBSE). The results show that high levels of institutional constraints curbed employee demand for green labor and, in employees, good boundary-management skills acted as a mechanism of resistance against negative constraints. Furthermore, individual OBSE, as a positive psychological resource, could buffer the negative impacts of the organizational scenarios on outcomes.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Are Not a Key Determinant for Zika Virus-Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells

Introduction: ZIKV is a highly neurotropic virus that can cause the death of infected neuroprogenitor cells through mitochondrial damage and intrinsic apoptotic signaling. In this context, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neuronal cell death caused by ZIKV still remains elusive. Objective: We aimed at evaluating the role of these cellular components in the death of human undifferentiated neuroblastoma cell line infected with ZIKV. Results: ZIKV infection resulted in the extensive death of SH-SY5Y cells with the upregulation of several genes involved in survival and apoptotic responses as well as the colocalization of mitochondrial staining with ZIKV Envelope (E) protein. Notably, levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were not altered during ZIKV infection in undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells, and consistent with these results, the treatment of infected cells with the widely studied ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) did not prevent cell death in these cells. Conclusion: Altogether, our results suggest that excessive ROS production is not the main trigger of SH-SY5Y cells death in ZIKV infection.
The Dynamism of Daily Justice: A Person-Environment Fit Perspective on the Situated Value of Justice

Despite the generally positive consequences associated with justice, recent research suggests that supervisors cannot always enact justice, and responses to justice may not be universally positive. Thus, justice is likely to vary in both how much it is received and the employee reactions it engenders. In order to understand the range of justice responses, we develop a dynamic theory of justice by using person-environment fit to take both the value that an individual places in justice and the justice they received into account. Using this framework, we clarify the consequences of congruence versus incongruence in daily justice received and valued, which have implications for treatment discrepancies and subsequent work behavior. We also identify the differences between excess and deficient justice on cognitive and affective responses to justice. Our findings reveal that employees’ experience of justice is more complicated than simply whether the justice they received was high or low on a particular day. Using experience sampling and polynomial regression methods, we observe that not all instances in which employees receive high levels of justice are equivalent. In fact, we find that, depending on justice valued, receiving high levels of justice can be just as detrimental as receiving low levels. Additionally, we find that although both forms of justice misfit (excess and deficiency) cause-negative work outcomes, they affect these outcomes through differential responses to justice — with excess causing increased rumination and deficiency causing decreased positive affect. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for extant justice theory and for supervisor-employee work interactions.
Aerosol radiative effects with MACv2

Abstract. Monthly global maps for aerosol properties of the Max Planck Aerosol Climatology version 2 (MACv2) are applied in an offline radiative transfer model to determine aerosol radiative effects. This model setup cannot address rapid adjustments by clouds, but current evidence suggests their contribution to be small when compared to the instantaneous radiative forcing. Global maps are presented to detail the regional and seasonal variability associated with (annual) global averages. Radiative effects caused by the aerosol presence (direct effects) and by aerosol modified clouds (indirect effects) are examined. Direct effects are determined for total aerosol, anthropogenic aerosol and extracted individual aerosol components. Indirect effects cover the impact of reduced cloud drop sizes by anthropogenic aerosol. Present-day global annual radiative effects for anthropogenic aerosol yield (1) a climate cooling of −1.0 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA); (2) a surface net-flux reduction of −2.1 W m−2; and, by difference; (3) an atmospheric effect of +1.1 W m−2. This atmospheric solar heating is almost entirely a direct effect. On a global basis, indirect effects (−0.65 W m−2) dominate direct effects (−0.35 W m−2) for the present-day climate response at the TOA, whereas the present-day surface radiative budget is more strongly reduced by direct effects (−1.45 W m−2) than by indirect effects (−0.65 W m−2). Natural aerosols are on average less absorbing and larger in size. However, their stronger solar TOA cooling efficiency is offset by a non-negligible infrared (IR) greenhouse warming efficiency. In the sum the global average annual direct forcing efficiencies (per unit AOD) for natural and anthropogenic aerosol are similar: −12 W m−2 per unit AOD for all-sky conditions and −24 W m−2 per unit AOD for clear-sky conditions. The present-day direct TOA impact by all soot (BC) is +0.55 W m−2, when globally and annually averaged. Between +0.25 and +0.45 W m−2 of that can be attributed to anthropogenic sources, depending on assumptions for the preindustrial BC reference state. Similarly, the preindustrial fine-mode reference uncertainty has a strong influence not just on the direct effect but even more on the indirect effect. Present-day aerosol TOA forcing is estimated to stay within the −0.7 to −1.6 W m−2 range (with the best estimate at −1.0 W m−2). Calculations with scaled temporal changes to anthropogenic AOD from global modeling indicate that the global annual aerosol forcing has not changed much over the last decades, despite strong shifts in regional maxima for anthropogenic AOD. These regional shifts explain most solar insolation (brightening or dimming) trends that have been observed by ground-based radiation data.
Characteristics, Functional Properties, and Antioxidant Activities of Water-Soluble Proteins Extracted from Grasshoppers, Patanga succincta and Chondracris roseapbrunner

Water-soluble proteins extracted from two species of grasshoppers, Patanga succincta (WSPP) and Chondracris roseapbrunner (WSPC), were characterized as well as their functional properties and antioxidant activities were investigated. The extraction yield, on a wet weight basis, was 7.35% and 7.46% for WSPP and WSPC, respectively. The most abundant amino acid in both proteins was glutamic acid, followed by aspartic, alanine, and leucine, in that order. The electrophoretic study revealed that proteins with MW of 29, 42, 50, 69, and 146 kDa were the major protein components in WSPP and WSPC. FTIR analysis showed that those proteins remained their structural integrity. The surface hydrophobicity at pH 7 of WSPC was higher than WSPP, but the sulfhydryl group content did not show significant difference between the proteins from two species. Both grasshopper proteins were mostly soluble in strong acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions with a minimum value at pH 4. Those proteins exhibited poor emulsifying properties and foaming capacity, but they had greater foaming stability compared with bovine serum albumin (BSA) (p<0.05). WSPC showed greater DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging activities and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) than did WSPP (p<0.05). Therefore, based on characteristics and functional properties, water-soluble proteins from both edible grasshoppers can be used as an ingredient in food applications.
Comprehensive Analysis of miRNAs and Target mRNAs between Immature and Mature Testis Tissue in Chinese Red Steppes Cattle

Simple Summary MicroRNAs are small molecules that can regulate the relative abundance of their target genes by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target genes at the post-transcriptional level to affect various biological processes, such as biosynthesis, fat metabolism and proliferation, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. Fertility is one of the most important economic traits in livestock production. Bulls require the continuous production of high-quality spermatozoa in abundance. The quality of semen is an exceptionally important factor affecting the fertilization rate of the dairy cow and is also associated with the increasing conception rate in the process of artificial insemination. Therefore, accurately predicting fertility potential for a semen sample from donor bull for artificial insemination is crucial for consistently high reproductive efficiency. The present study performed a genome-wide sequencing analysis of microRNAs and mRNAs between immature and mature testes of Chinese Red Steppes. These results provide novel candidate microRNAs and functional genes related to bull reproduction traits and the networks between microRNAs and target genes, which will provide a useful genetic mechanism and epigenetic information for marker-assisted selection of bulls with excellent sperm quality in the future. Abstract This study aims to screen potential regulators and regulate fecundity networks between microRNAs (miRNAs) and target genes. The bovine testes of immature and mature Chinese Red Steppes were performed by genome-wide analysis of mRNAs and miRNAs. Compared with testicular tissues of newborns, 6051 upregulated genes and 7104 downregulated genes in adult cattle were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The DEGs were significantly enriched in 808 GO terms (p < 0.05) including male gonad development, male genitalia development, spermatogenesis, and sperm motility. Moreover, DEGs were also significantly enriched in 105 KEGG pathways (p < 0.05), including cGMP-PKG signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway. To explore the expression of miRNA-regulated gene expression, 896 differentially expressed target genes negatively regulated with the expression levels of 31 differentially expressed miRNAs (DERs) were predicted and analyzed, and a network-integrated analysis was constructed. Furthermore, real-time PCR was performed to verify the expression levels of DEGs and DERs. Our results identified novel candidate DEGs and DERs correlated with male reproduction and intricate regulating networks between miRNAs and genes, which will be valuable for future genetic and epigenetic studies of sperm development and maturity, as well as providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of male fertility and spermatogenesis in cattle.
Litter mixing effect on decomposition rate and nutrient release: low quality leaves of coastal species

Coastal wetlands are among the most carbon-rich ecosystems in the world. Litter decomposition is a major process controlling soil carbon input. Litter mixing has shown a non-additive effect on the litter decomposition of terrestrial plants particularly of those species having contrasting litter quality. But the non-additive effect has been rarely tested in coastal plants which generally having low-quality litters. We selected three common mangrove species and one saltmarsh species, co-occurring in subtropical coasts, to test whether the non-additive effect occurs when the litters of these coastal species mixing together. We are also concerned whether the changes in the decomposition rate of litter will affect the nutrient contents in waters. A litter-bag experiment was carried out in a glasshouse with single and mixed leaf litters. A non-additive effect was observed in the litter mixtures of mangrove species Aegiceras corniculatum vs. Kandelia obovata (antagonistic) and A. corniculatum vs. Avicennia marina (synergistic). Whereas, the mixture of A. corniculatum (mangrove species) and Spartina alterniflora (saltmarsh species) showed an additive effect. The strength of the non-additive effect was unrelated to the initial trait dissimilarity of litters. Instead, the decomposition rate and mass remaining of litter mixtures were strongly related to the carbon concentrations in litters. Nutrient content in waters was dependent on the decomposition rate of litter mixtures but not on the initial nutrient concentrations in litters. Despite the behind mechanisms were not yet revealed by the current study, these findings have improved our understanding of the litter decomposition of coastal species and the consequent nutrient release.
Antennas

In this course we want to develop equations and techniques for finding antenna radiation and gain patterns. That is, we want to develop equations for   , G   where  and  are orthogonal angles such as azimuth (AZ) and elevation (EL) or angles relative to a normal to the antenna face (as would be used in phased array antennas). We want to be able to produce plots similar to the one shown in Figure 1-1. We want to use the ability to generate antenna patterns to look at beam width, gain, sidelobes and how these relate to antenna dimensions and other factors.