Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fair Data Generation using Language Models with Hard Constraints

Natural language text generation has seen signiﬁcant improvements with the advent of pre-trained language models. Using such language models to predict personal data entities, in place of redacted spans in text, could help generate synthetic datasets. In order to address privacy and ethical concerns with such datasets, we need to ensure that the masked entity predictions are also fair and controlled by application speciﬁc constraints. We introduce new ways to inject hard constraints and knowledge into the language models that address such concerns and also improve performance on this task.
Explaining the Gender Gap in Food Security in Côte d'Ivoire

This study sets out to determine the explanatory factors of food insecurity gap between female-headed households (FHs) and male-headed households (MHs) in Côte d'Ivoire. Using data from the Household Living Standards Survey in Côte d'Ivoire, which the National Institute of Statistics (INS) conducted in 2015, and the inequality decomposition method developed by Oaxaca and Blinder (1973), the study fractions the food insecurity gap between male and POLICY BRIEF Explaining the Gender Gap in Food Security in Côte d'Ivoire N’Guessan Beugré Jonathan1 October 2021 / No.779 1 Email: beugrejonathan@ymail.com / Economic Department of the University Félix Houphouet Boigny, Côte d'Ivoire 2 Policy Brief No.779 female household heads according to explainable characteristics on the other, and according to some other unexplained characteristics. The results show that demographic variables such as household size, single and widow status, and a rural area of residence essentially explain the food insecurity gap between FHs and MHs in Côte d'Ivoire.
EVALUATION OF PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are one of the most common infectious disease seen worldwide and can lead to secondary infections. Most urinary tract infections are treated with broad spectrum antibiotics and sensitivity testing is done only for a limited number of people. Analysing antibiotics prescribing pattern is important to understand emerging antibiotic resistance seen in urinary tract infections causing organism. Objective: To study and analyse the prescription pattern of antibiotics used in the treatment of urinary tract infection. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for a period of 6 months using the data collected from the patient medical records in a tertiary care hospital. Results: We found that out of 114 cases, the most commonly prescribed antibiotic was Amikacin (26.31%) followed by Ceftriaxone (21.92%). Culture sensitivity testing was done only in 17.54% and the rest were treated empirically. The most common organism isolated was E. coli (45%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (25%). Dual therapy was seen among 37.71% of the sample population and the rest were treated with mono therapy. Conclusion: In this study, Aminoglycosides and Cephalosporins were most commonly prescribed. E.coli was the most prominent organism found in the study. Present findings suggest that periodic monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity pattern is necessary to provide optimal therapy. This is in correlation with the findings of the past studies.
Effect of self-ligating brackets on periodontal tissues and inflammatory factors in patients with chronic periodontitis undergoing orthodontic treatment

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the influence of self-ligating brackets (SLBs) on periodontal tissues and inflammatory factors in patients with chronic periodontitis undergoing orthodontic treatment. Methods: We conducted a prospective study on 110 patients with chronic periodontitis and randomly divided them into the research group (n=55) and the control group (n=55). Both groups were treated with straight-wire appliances. Conventional brackets were applied in the control group, while SLBs were adopted in the research group. Moreover, the periodontal status, and the levels of inflammatory factors and prostaglandin E2 in gingival crevicular fluid and serum of both groups were compared before treatment and at 2 months after treatment. Results: At 2 months after treatment, both groups revealed much better results regarding the clinical attachment loss, sulcus bleeding index, gingival recession, plaque index, tooth mobility and gingival recession as compared with those before treatment; more significant changes were identified in the research group (all P<0.01). At 2 months after treatment, both groups demonstrated greatly lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and prostaglandin E2 in gingival crevicular fluid and serum as compared with those before treatment; the levels above were markedly lower in the research group than in the control group (all P<0.01). Conclusion: SLBs for patients with chronic periodontitis undergoing orthodontic treatment can significantly alleviate inflammatory reactions, improve periodontal status and exert favorable effects on teeth.
THE EFFECT OF DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVT

The study examined the effects of demonstration instruction method of teaching Mathematics on the achievement of secondary students in the study area. The study adopted quasi experimental design. The demonstration method was used as experimental group while the lecture method served as the control group. The two methods of instructions were used on the target population of 1876from 24 public secondary schools in the local government area. The sample consists of 120 students randomly selected from 4 co-educational secondary schools using purposive sampling technique.The students in the experimental group were exposed to demonstration instructional method while those in the control group, were exposed to the lecture method for a period of six weeks. The instrument for data collection, tagged “Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT)” was validatedby two specialists from Department ofMathematics Education and Department of Measurement and Evaluation, Delta State University, Abraka. They were requested to determine the appropriateness or otherwise of the questions in the instrument.The reliability coefficient was determined to be 0.76. Three research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. While the research questions were answered using mean scores and standard deviation, the hypotheses were tested using the t-test at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study shows that: there exists significant difference in the learning outcome of students taught with demonstration and those taught with lecture methods of instruction (in favour of those with demonstration). It was also revealed that there is no significant difference in the academic achievement of male and female students that were taught with demonstration method. The study also noted in contrast, that there is significant difference in the academic achievement of male and female students that were taught with lecture method (the identified difference in favour of the male students). The implication of these findings was that demonstration method enhancedstudents interest and achievement in Mathematics irrespective of gender while lecture method makes the learner mere passive listeners and is gender biased. The study recommended among other things that secondary school teachers should be encouraged to discard the use of lecture method and adopt demonstration method of instruction.
The Influence of Service Quality, Perceived Value, Customer Satisfaction and Brand Trust towards Customer Loyalty in Subscription Video on Demand

Due to the pandemic, the subscription of video on demand is increasing. This study provides a framework for customer loyalty of Subscription Video On Demand (SVOD). This study aims to determine how service quality, perceived value, customer loyalty, satisfaction, and brand trust affect SVOD. Data we recollected by using questionnaires through online forms from 200 subscribers of video on demand from Greater Jakarta who had used their expenses to pay the SVOD. Explanatory research method is applied in this research. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and using SmartPLS to analyze the data. According to the data analysis results, satisfaction positively impacted service quality, brand trust, and perceived value. Moreover, loyalty in SVOD influence negatively, whereas brand trust gives a substantially positive influence on loyalty in SVOD.
EIGNN: Efficient Infinite-Depth Graph Neural Networks

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used for modelling graph-structured data in numerous applications. However, with their inherently finite aggregation layers, existing GNN models may not be able to effectively capture long-range dependencies in the underlying graphs. Motivated by this limitation, we propose a GNN model with infinite depth, which we call Efficient Infinite-Depth Graph Neural Networks (EIGNN), to efficiently capture very long-range dependencies. We theoretically derive a closed-form solution of EIGNN which makes training an infinite-depth GNN model tractable. We then further show that we can achieve more efficient computation for training EIGNN by using eigendecomposition. The empirical results of comprehensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets show that EIGNN has a better ability to capture long-range dependencies than recent baselines, and consistently achieves state-of-the-art performance. Furthermore, we show that our model is also more robust against both noise and adversarial perturbations on node features.
Observation and modeling of surface high-Be concentration events in Northern Europe associated with the instability of the Arctic polar vortex in early 2003

Events of very high concentrations of Be cosmogenic radionuclide have been recorded at low-elevation surface stations in the subpolar regions of Europe during the cold season. With an aim to investigate the mechanisms responsible for those peak Be events, and in particular to verify if they are associated with the fast descent of stratospheric air masses occurring during sudden stratospheric warming (SSWs), we analyse Be observations at six sampling sites in Fennoscandia during January-March 2003 when very high Be concentrations were observed 20 and the Arctic vortex was relatively unstable as a consequence of several SSWs. We use the GEOS-Chem chemistry and transport model driven by the MERRA-2 meteorological reanalysis to simulate tropospheric Be over Northern Europe. We show that the model reasonably reproduces the temporal evolution of surface Be concentrations observed at the six sampling sites. Our analysis of model simulations, surface Be observations, atmospheric soundings of ozone and temperature, as well as surface ozone measurements indicates that the Be peak observed 25 in late February 2003 (between 20 and 28 February 2003) at the six sampling sites in Fennoscandia was associated with downward transport of stratospheric vortex air originated during an SSW that occurred a few days earlier (between 18 and 21 February 2003).
STUDY OF PLAQUE VULNERABILITY IN CORONARY ARTERY USING MOONEY–RIVLIN MODEL: A COMBINATION OF FINITE ELEMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside arteries. It is also considered as one of the most serious and common forms of cardiovascular disease which can lead to heart attack and stroke. In the current research, finite element method is used to anticipate plaque vulnerability based on peak plaque stress using human samples. A total of 23 healthy and atherosclerotic human coronary arteries, including 14 healthy and 9 atherosclerotic are removed within 5 h postmortem. The samples are mounted on a uniaxial tensile test machine and the obtained mechanical properties are used in finite element models. The results, including the Mooney–Rivlin hyperelastic constants of the samples as well as peak plaque stresses, are computed. It is demonstrated that the atherosclerotic human coronary arteries have significantly (p < 0.05) higher stiffness compared to healthy ones. The hypocellular plaque, in addition, has the highest stress values compared to the cellular and calcified ones and, consequently, is so prone to rupture. The calcified plaque type, nevertheless, has the lowest stress values and, remains stable. The results of this study can be used in the plaque vulnerability prediction and could have clinical implications for interventions and surgeries, such as balloon angioplasty, bypass and stenting.
An ROC curve analysis of serum PLA2R antibody, glomerular PLA2R, and IgG4 in membranous nephropathy

Membranous nephropathy is a common pathological type of adult nephrotic syndrome. The anti-M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody is considered to be a membranous nephropathy-specific antibody. Membrane nephropathy activity is related to the PLA2R antibody titer. IgG4 plays an important role in membranous nephropathy. This study investigated the role of the serum PLA2R antibody, glomerular PLA2R, and IgG4 in membranous nephropathy. Patients with membranous nephropathy admitted to the hospital and diagnosed by renal biopsy were selected, including 25 cases of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), 14 cases of secondary membranous nephropathy (SMN), and 25 cases of atypical membranous nephropathy (UAMN). An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to determine the level of serum anti-PLA2R antibodies. An immunofluorescence assay (IIF) was performed to measure the glomerular PLA2R expression and the IgG subtype. An ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic value of the serum anti-PLA2R antibodies, glomerular PLA2R, and IgG4 in membranous nephropathy. The deposition positive rates of the serum anti-PLA2R antibodies, glomerular PLA2R, and IgG subtypes were significantly different among IMN, SMN, and UAMN (P < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of their positive expression in diagnosing IMN were 72.00%, 92.00%, 88.00%, 82.05%, 84.62%, and 89.74%, respectively. 88.00% of IMN patients exhibited positive glomerular PLA2R expression with moderately positive IgG4. No SMN or UAMN patients showed positive glomerular PLA2R expression with moderately positive IgA. An ROC curve revealed that the area under the curve of the serum anti-PLA2R antibodies, glomerular PLA2R, and the IgG subtype deposition was 0.860, 0.930, and 0.920, respectively. The sensitivity of the combined detection in IMN was improved. The positive rate of glomerular PLA2R expression in IMN was high, which was mainly IgG4 subtype deposition. UAMN kidney tissue mainly had IgG1 subtype deposition. Serum anti-PLA2R antibody and glomerular PLA2R and IgG subtype positive deposition plays an important role in differentiating diagnosis and evaluating the efficacy of membranous nephropathy.
An Observational Study to Assess the Influence of Advanced Age and Hypertension on Functional Gains of Stroke Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation

Aim: To examine whether advanced age and hypertension influence the functional gains of stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation. Material and methods: This was retrospective observational study Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College, Gaya, India for 18 months. Two hundred patients with thromboembolic strokes were included. The patients were divided into five age groups: below 50 years, 50-60 years, 60-70 years, 70-80 years and above 80 years. They were further classified into the hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups. Patients’ functional performance was assessed on the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) on admission, weekly, and at discharge. For each group the averages of the length of stay (LOS), FIM score, and the efficiency ratio (ER) were obtained from the records. The ER is the difference of discharge to Admission FIM expressed as a fraction of the Length of Stay. Results: There was significant difference (p<0.0003) among the five age groups for the means of ER for the male and female hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients together. The ER for patients below 60 years of age is found to be significantly higher than for patients over 60 years (p<0.00001). The means of the ER are 1.29, and 0.95 with the difference of 0.37 and its standard error of 0.108. Non-hypertensive patients had higher ER compared to the hypertensives for all the age groups (Tables 4a and 4b). This difference is significant for patients younger than 60 years (p<0.01) and older than 80 years (p<0.00001). ER for nonhypertensive patients below age 60 is significantly higher (p<0.05) than for the hypertensives. Among the patients over 60 years of age, there is no significant difference for the ER between non-hypertensives and hypertensives. Conclusion: Younger non-hypertensive patients seem to show better progress with inpatient rehabilitation.
WEB.BM – a web-based river basin management model with multiple time-step optimization and the SSARR channel routing options

ABSTRACT This paper presents the WEB.BM model for multipurpose multireservoir river basin management that uses Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) solver to optimize basin operation over single or multiple time steps, with flexible time step length and optional use of both reservoir and hydrological channel routing. The principal novelty is the capability of the model to solve multiple time step optimization while simultaneously properly accounting for hydrological channel routing as constraints to optimization, which is demonstrated on two numerical tests presented in this paper, which can be used as benchmark by other researchers. There are no other known optimization-based river basin management models with this capability. The model can include multiple reservoirs, hydropower plants, environmental flow targets, return flows from irrigation, diversion volume licences, apportionment agreements between neighbouring states and net evaporation. Operating priorities among users are represented by a selection of user-defined weight factors. The model can be accessed at www.riverbasinmanagement. com.
ANALYSIS OF PHENOTYPIC STABILITY FOR GRAIN YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN BREAD WHEAT

This investigation aimed to study the phenotypic stability and performance across 6 environments of twenty genotypes of grain yield and its components. Combined analysis of variance across environments indicated that, the mean squares due to (E), (G) and G x E were highly significant for all traits studied. Yield performance of each genotype showed different ranking across the studied environments at two seasons ( 2005 (Y1) and 2006 (Y2) ) and the three locations i.e., Gemmeiza (L1), Sers ElLian (L2) and Ettai ElBaroud ( L3). Phenotypic stabilities were computed for number of days to 50% heading, and maturity , plant height, number of spikes/m, number of grains/spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield (ard./fad.). The results revealed highly significant differences among wheat genotypes (G), environments (E) and their interactions. Wheat genotypes differed in their response to the changes in environments. The most stable desired wheat genotypes were 3, 4, 6, 9, 15 and 20 for grain yield. On the other hand, the results confirmed the importance of number of spikes/m in increasing grain yield in wheat that it is a major component for grain yield. Also, these genotypes showed high stable under this study and could be used in breeding programs for improving the productivity of wheat in different environments.
The Rational Choice of Not Applying Project Risk Management in Information Technology Projects

The management of risk is considered a key discipline by the Project Management Institute and the Association for Project Management. However, knowledge of what needs to be done frequently fails to result in action consistent with that knowledge. The reasons for this seem to have received little attention. This study researched the degree of use of project risk management and barriers that prevent IT project managers from using risk management. Interviews and a survey were carried out. The results show that, in one-third of cases, because of the problem of cost justification, no formal project risk management process was applied.
Instrument to evaluate to which extent the operational support information system (OSIS) adds value to the South African Air Force (SAAF)

Since the 1940s, the evaluation of information systems has been the topic of many authors’ research. When taking into account the amount of resources invested in an organisation’s information systems, especially in the present fiscal conditions, then the evaluation of an information system’s success is imperative. Traditionally, monetarybased evaluation measures were used to evaluate the success of an information system, however, these types of measures were found to be inadequate in their attempt to measure the complexity of information systems successfully. Surrogate measures, such as the user’s satisfaction with the information system, were developed to replace monetary-based evaluation measures. These forms of measures are often perceptual by nature and usually encompass the different stakeholders involved in the information system. Information system evaluation measures usually focus on profitable organisations that account for the traditional measures that are monetary-based. However, with the infusion of information technology these days, even non-profit organisations, such as the South African Air Force (SAAF), recognise the importance of the success of information systems, even though monetary return on investment is a not a priority. In the 1980s, a decision was made to develop a system that would support the SAAF’s logistical and operational needs. This decision ultimately led to the development of OSIS. OSIS is a mission-critical system that supports force preparation activities. To date, no independent evaluation on the success of this system has been conducted; therefore an independent evaluation of OSIS was requested This study is dedicated towards the development of an appropriate instrument that can be used to assess the value added by OSIS to the SAAF. Due to the magnitude of such an evaluation, the study only focused on the development of an appropriate instrument, to be used when conducting such an evaluation. A unique research model was constructed to facilitate the research process. The research model required firstly that information regarding OSIS that will have an effect
Land Ownership Inequality and Inequality in Education Attainment in Kenya

Unequal asset ownership accompanies other socioeconomic inequalities so that the disparity in physical possessions, particularly land, is worth a rigorous analysis. The case in point is the inverse relationship that has been reported across countries between unequal landownership and education attainment. In Kenya, inequalities in landownership vary across and within counties, households included. Using data from the Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey and the Kenya Population and Housing Census, the study applies a fractional IV probit regression model to examine the relationship between POLICY BRIEF Landownership Inequality and Inequality in Education Attainment in Kenya