Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Quality Evaluation of Roasted Cashew Nut Kernel: Effect of Roasting Methods

This study was conducted to determine the effect of two roasting methods on the chemical, microbial as well as the sensory qualities of cashew nut kernels. Raw cashew nut was processed to obtain the plain cashew kernels and was divided into two portions which were subjected to different roasting treatments using conventional- air oven and halogen oven at a temperature of 200°C for 40 min, respectively. Proximate analysis showed that the conventional-oven roasted cashew kernel had higher moisture content, protein and crude fiber values of 4.68%±0.18, 18.34±0.94 and 2.11±0.08, respectively than the roasted sample using halogen-oven. In halogen-oven roasted kernel, the fat, carbohydrate, fatty acid and metabolizeable energy contents were higher (45.62±0.98, 2.53±0.08, 30.04±0.95, 39.23±0.85 and 2480.04±21.00, respectively). The mineral analysis indicated that the halogen-oven roasted kernels had higher values except in the case of Magnesium (Mg), which was higher in the conventional-oven roasted cashew nuts. The microbial assessment of the cashew kernels showed that halogen-oven cashew roasted kernel had a reduced value in all the microbiological analysis carried out with the exception of staphylococcus count. However, E. coli was not present in any of the cashew kernel samples. Based on the sensory rating, halogen-oven roasted cashew kernel had the highest overall acceptability sensory rating. It was observed that chemical parameters of fat, fatty acid and metabolizable energy show positive correlation at both (p<0.01) and (p<0.05) for the sensory attributes of color, taste, crispiness, flavor and overall acceptability while the chemical parameters of moisture content protein and crude fibre showed a negative correlation for all the sensory attributes. The results of this study indicated that halogen-oven will be better option for producing nutritious and wholesome roasted cashew nut kernels with acceptable sensory qualities.
Methylmercury exposure and health effects in humans

Environmental Context. Dietary intake of fish and other seafood products is the dominant source of human exposure to methylmercury, a toxicant that can have serious adverse effects on the developing nervous system and may promote heart diseases. The existing evidence of human toxicity should inspire prudent choices in maintaining fish intakes to secure an ample supply of essential nutrients, while at the same time choosing species that are low in mercury concentrations. The combination of essential nutrients and avoidance of this toxic contaminant will benefit brain development and human health in general. In addition, current contamination levels suggest that intensified efforts are needed to reduce and eliminate mercury release to the environment. Abstract. Methylmercury (MeHg) is a worldwide contaminant found in seafood and freshwater fish, which constitute the dominant source of human exposure to this substance. The developing human brain is particularly susceptible to injury caused by MeHg, which easily passes the placental barrier. Epidemiological studies in fishing populations have found subtle though lasting adverse effects on brain functions of children who were exposed prenatally to MeHg from seafood diets. This contaminant also seems capable of promoting the development of heart disease. Fish and seafood also contain important nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids that may provide beneficial effects, thereby possibly counteracting or obscuring the adverse effects of MeHg. This article reviews the existing evidence on MeHg developmental neurotoxicity and the emerging evidence that MeHg may promote the development of heart diseases. MeHg risks may have been underestimated in the past, in part because of the confounding effects of nutrients from seafood and fish. Improved control of mercury release to the environment is indicated. In addition, regulatory agencies should provide better guidance to consumers in maintaining a balanced diet that includes seafood as low as possible in mercury.
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering SEED LIPASES : SOURCES , APPLICATIONS AND PROPERTIES – A REVIEW

This paper provides an overview regarding the main aspects of seed lipases, such as the reactions catalyzed, physiological functions, specificities, sources and applications. Lipases are ubiquitous in nature and are produced by several plants, animals and microorganisms. These enzymes exhibit several very interesting features, such as low cost and easy purification, which make their commercial exploitation as industrial enzymes a potentially attractive alternative. The applications of lipases in food, detergents, oils and fats, medicines and fine chemistry, effluent treatment, biodiesel production and in the cellulose pulp industry, as well as the main sources of oilseed and cereal seed lipases, are reviewed.
Commutative Event Sourcing vs. Triple Graph Grammars

This paper proposes Commutative Event Sourcing as a simple and reliable mechanism for model synchronisation, bidirectional model to model transformations, incremental updates, and collaborative editing. Commutative Event Sourcing is a restricted form of a Triple Graph Grammar where the rules or editing commands are either overwriting or commutative. This restriction gets rid of a lot of Triple Graph Grammar complexity and it becomes possible to implement model synchronisation manually. Thus, you are not restricted to Java as your programming language and you do not need to use a proprietary library, framework, or tool. You do not even have to dig into graph grammar theory.
A three-dimensional velocity of an erupting prominence prior to a coronal mass ejection

We present a detailed three-dimensional (3D) view of a prominence eruption, coronal loop expansion, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) associated with an M4.4 flare that occurred on 2011 March 8 in the active region NOAA 11165. Full-disk Hα images of the flare and filament ejection were successfully obtained by the Flare Monitoring Telescope (FMT) following its relocation to Ica University, Peru. Multiwavelength observation around the Hα line enabled us to derive the 3D velocity field of the Hα prominence eruption. Features in extreme ultraviolet were also obtained by the Atmospheric Imager Assembly onboard the Solar Dynamic Observatory and the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on board the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory - Ahead satellite. We found that, following collision of the erupted filament with the coronal magnetic field, some coronal loops began to expand, leading to the growth of a clear CME. We also discuss the succeeding activities of CME driven by multiple interactions between the expanding loops and the surrounding coronal magnetic field.
Impact of Dark Photon Emission on Massive Star Evolution and Pre-supernova Neutrino Signal

We study the effects of additional cooling due to the emission of a dark matter candidate particle, the dark photon, on the final phases of the evolution of a 15 M ⊙ star and resulting modifications of the pre-supernova neutrino signal. For a substantial portion of the dark photon parameter space the extra cooling speeds up Si burning, which results in a reduced number of neutrinos emitted during the last day before core collapse. This reduction can be described by a systematic acceleration of the relevant timescales and the results can be estimated semi-analytically in good agreement with the numerical simulations. Outside the semi-analytic regime we find more complicated effects. In a narrow parameter range, low-mass dark photons lead to an increase in the number of emitted neutrinos because of additional shell-burning episodes that delay core collapse. Furthermore, relatively strong couplings produce a thermonuclear runaway during O burning, which could result in a complete disruption of the star but requires more detailed simulations to determine the outcome. Our results show that pre-supernova neutrino signals are a potential probe of the dark photon parameter space.
Maddah-Ali-Niesen Scheme for Multi-access Coded Caching

The well known Maddah-Ali-Niesen (MAN) coded caching scheme for users with dedicated cache is extended for use in multi-access coded cache scheme where the number of users need not be same as the number of caches in the system. The well known MAN scheme is recoverable as a special case of the multi-access system considered. The performance of this scheme is compared with the existing works on multi-access coded caching. To be able to compare the performance of different multi-access schemes with different number of users for the same number of caches, the terminology of per user rate (rate divided by the number of users) introduced in [11] is used.
Impact of closing schools on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence using panel data from Japan

The spread of the novel coronavirus disease caused schools in Japan to close to cope with the pandemic. In response to this, parents of students were obliged to care for their children during the daytime when they were usually at school. Does the increase in burden of childcare influence parents mental health? Based on short panel data from mid-March to mid-April 2020, we explored how school closures influenced the mental health of parents with school-aged children. Using the fixed effects model, we found that school closures lead to students mothers suffering from worse mental health than other females, while the fathers mental health did not differ from other males. This tendency was only observed for less educated mothers who had children attending primary school, but not those attending junior high school. The contribution of this paper is to show that school closures increased the inequality of mental health between genders and the educational background of parents.
Speckle Observations of TESS Exoplanet Host Stars: Understanding the Binary Exoplanet Host Star Orbital Period Distribution

We present high-resolution speckle interferometric imaging observations of TESS exoplanet host stars using the NN-EXPLORE Exoplanet and Stellar Speckle Imager instrument at the 3.5 m WIYN telescope. Eight TESS objects of interest that were originally discovered by Kepler were previously observed using the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument. Speckle observations of 186 TESS stars were carried out, and 45 (24%) likely bound companions were detected. This is approximately the number of companions we would expect to observe given the established 46% binarity rate in exoplanet host stars. For the detected binaries, the distribution of stellar mass ratio is consistent with that of the standard Raghavan distribution and may show a decrease in high-q systems as the binary separation increases. The distribution of binary orbital periods, however, is not consistent with the standard Ragahavan model, and our observations support the premise that exoplanet-hosting stars with binary companions have, in general, wider orbital separations than field binaries. We find that exoplanet-hosting binary star systems show a distribution peaking near 100 au, higher than the 40–50 au peak that is observed for field binaries. This fact led to earlier suggestions that planet formation is suppressed in close binaries.
Some Punctured Codes of Several Families of Binary Linear Codes

Two general constructions of linear codes with functions over finite fields have been extensively studied in the literature. The first one is given by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {C}(f)=\{ {\mathrm{ Tr}}({\textit{af}}({x})+{\textit{bx}})_{x \in \mathbb {F}_{q^{m}}^{*}}: {a},{b} \in \mathbb {F}_{q^{m}} \}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is a prime power, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathbb F}_{q^{m}}^{*}= {\mathbb F}_{q^{m}} \setminus \{0\}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, Tr is the trace function from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathbb F}_{q^{m}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathbb F}_{q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}({x})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is a function from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb {F}_{q^{m}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb {F}_{q^{m}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}(0)=0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Almost bent functions, quadratic functions and some monomials on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathbb F}_{2^{m}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> were used in the first construction, and many families of binary linear codes with few weights were obtained in the literature. This paper studies some punctured codes of these binary codes. Several families of binary linear codes with few weights and new parameters are obtained in this paper. Several families of distance-optimal binary linear codes with new parameters are also produced in this paper.
Adversarial Machine Learning in Text Analysis and Generation

The research field of adversarial machine learning witnessed a significant interest in the last few years. A machine learner or model is secure if it can deliver main objectives with acceptable accuracy, efficiency, etc. while at the same time, it can resist different types and/or attempts of adversarial attacks. This paper focuses on studying aspects and research trends in adversarial machine learning specifically in text analysis and generation. The paper summarizes main research trends in the field such as GAN algorithms, models, types of attacks, and defense against those attacks.
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Detection of the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect with SDSS DR15 galaxies

We present a 5.4$\sigma$ detection of the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect using Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and $\it{Planck}$ CMB observations in combination with Luminous Red Galaxy samples from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR15 catalog. Results are obtained using three ACT CMB maps: co-added 150 GHz and 98 GHz maps, combining observations from 2008-2018 (ACT DR5), which overlap with SDSS DR15 over 3,700 sq. deg. , and a component-separated map using night-time only observations from 2014-2015 (ACT DR4), overlapping with SDSS DR15 over 2,089 sq. deg. Comparisons of the results from these three maps provide consistency checks in relation to potential frequency-dependent foreground contamination. A total of 343,647 galaxies are used as tracers to identify and locate galaxy groups and clusters from which the kSZ signal is extracted using aperture photometry. We consider the impact of various aperture photometry assumptions and covariance estimation methods on the signal extraction. Theoretical predictions of the pairwise velocities are used to obtain best-fit, mass-averaged, optical depth estimates for each of five luminosity-selected tracer samples. A comparison of the kSZ-derived optical depth measurements obtained here to those derived from the thermal SZ effect for the same sample is presented in a companion paper.
Univariate polynomials and the contractability of certain sets

We consider the set $\Pi ^*_d$ of monic polynomials $Q_d=x^d+\sum _{j=0}^{d-1}a_jx^j$, $x\in \mathbb{R}$, $a_j\in \mathbb{R}^*$, having $d$ distinct real roots, and its subsets defined by fixing the signs of the coefficients $a_j$. We show that for every choice of these signs, the corresponding subset is non-empty and contractible. A similar result holds true in the cases of polynomials $Q_d$ of even degree $d$ and having no real roots or of odd degree and having exactly one real root. For even $d$ and when $Q_d$ has exactly two real roots which are of opposite signs, the subset is contractible. For even $d$ and when $Q_d$ has two positive (resp. two negative) roots, the subset is contractible or empty. It is empty exactly when the constant term is positive, among the other even coefficients there is at least one which is negative, and all odd coefficients are positive (resp. negative).
Weighted Fuzzy-Based PSNR for Watermarking

One of the problems of conventional visual quality evaluation criteria such as PSNR and MSE is the lack of appropriate standards based on the human visual system (HVS). They are calculated based on the difference of the corresponding pixels in the original and manipulated image. Hence, they practically do not provide a correct understanding of the image quality. Watermarking is an image processing application in which the image's visual quality is an essential criterion for its evaluation. Watermarking requires a criterion based on the HVS that provides more accurate values than conventional measures such as PSNR. This paper proposes a weighted fuzzy-based criterion that tries to find essential parts of an image based on the HVS. Then these parts will have larger weights in computing the final value of PSNR. We compare our results against standard PSNR, and our experiments show considerable consequences.
Catalytic Methanation of Carbon Dioxide by Active Oxygen Material CexZr1−xO2 Supported NiCo Bimetallic Nanocatalysts

A series of active oxygen material CexZr1−xO2-supported NiCo bimetallic nanosized catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation method, which is simple and fit for industrial use with lower cost than other methods. The effect of CeO2/ZrO2 mole ratio, Co metal addition, and PEG-6000 addition were investigated. The catalysts were characterized through X-ray diffraction, H2 thermal-programmed reduction, N2 adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, CO pulse chemisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, oxygen storage capacity, and transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Modifications of the structural and redox properties of these materials were evaluated in relation to their catalytic performances. Particularly, the relationship between the active oxygen sites of the catalysts and their catalytic performances was investigated. The interaction between active metals (Ni and Co) and CexZr1−xO2 support was found to be very important for catalytic performance. The active oxygen site of CexZr1−xO2 can considerably improve catalytic performance. Appropriate Co metal addition also remarkably enhanced the catalytic stability and activity. Moreover, PEG-6000 addition can improve the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and active metal dispersion of catalysts to improve their performances. The nanosized catalyst 15 wt % Ni-5 wt % Co/Ce0.25Zr0. 75O2 prepared by adding 5 wt % PEG-6000 achieved almost 85% CO2 conversion and 98% selectivity to methane at 280°C when the gas hourly space velocity was 10,000 h−1. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2567–2576, 2013
Work Patterns of Software Engineers in the Forced Working-From-Home Mode

The COVID-19 outbreak has admittedly caused a major disruption worldwide. The interruptions to production, transportation and mobility have clearly had a significant impact on the well-functioning of the global supply and demand chain. But what happened to the companies developing digital services, such as software? Were they interrupted as much or at all? And how has the enforced Working-From-Home (WFH) mode impacted their ability to continue to deliver software. We hear that some managers are concerned that their engineers are not working effectively from home, or even lack the motivation to work in general, that teams lose touch and that managers do not notice when things go wrong. At the same time, some companies, like Twitter and Facebook, announce their permanent remote-work policies. In this article, we share our findings from monitoring the situation in an international software company with engineers located in Sweden, USA and the UK, by analyzing archives of commit data, calendar invites and Slack communication, as well as the internal reports of WFH experiences and 18 interviews. We find that company engineers continue committing code and carry out their daily duties without major disruptions, while their routines have gradually adjusted to “the new norm” with new emerging practices and various changes to the old ones.
Sulfur chemistry in the atmospheres of warm and hot Jupiters

We present and validate a new network of atmospheric thermochemical and photochemical sulfur reactions. We use a 1D chemical kinetics model to investigate these reactions as part of a broader HCNO chemical network in a series of hot and warm Jupiters. We find that temperatures approaching $1400\, \mathrm{K}$ are favourable for the production of H2S and HS around $\mathrm{10^{-3}\, bar}$ at mixing ratios of around 10−5, an atmospheric level where detection by transit spectroscopy may be possible. At $\mathrm{10^{-3}\, bar}$ and at lower temperatures, down to $1000\, \mathrm{K}$, mixing ratios of S2 can be up to 10−5, at the expense of H2S and HS, which are depleted down to a mixing ratio of 10−7. We also investigate how the inclusion of sulfur can manifest in an atmosphere indirectly, by its effect on the abundance of non-sulfur-bearing species. We find that in a model of the atmosphere of HD 209458 b, the inclusion of sulfur can lower the abundance of NH3, CH4, and HCN by up to two orders of magnitude around $\mathrm{10^{-3}\, bar}$. In the atmosphere of the warm Jupiter 51 Eri b, we additionally find the inclusion of sulfur depletes the peak abundance of CO2 by a factor of 5, qualitatively consistent with prior models. We note that many of the reactions used in the network have poorly determined rate constants, especially at higher temperatures. To obtain an accurate idea of the impact of sulfur chemistry in hot and warm Jupiter atmospheres, experimental measurements of these reaction rates must take place.
The Capacity of the Amplitude-Constrained Vector Gaussian Channel

The capacity of multiple-input multiple-output additive white Gaussian noise channels is investigated under peak amplitude constraints on the norm of the input vector. New insights on the capacity-achieving input distribution are presented. Furthermore, it is provided an iterative algorithm to numerically evaluate both the information capacity and the optimal input distribution of such channel.
SN 2017hpa: A Nearby Carbon-rich Type Ia Supernova with a Large Velocity Gradient

We present extensive, well-sampled optical and ultraviolet photometry and optical spectra of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2017hpa. The light curves indicate that SN 2017hpa is a normal SN Ia with an absolute peak magnitude of −19.12 ± 0.11 mag and a postpeak decline rate Δm 15(B) = 1.02 ± 0.07 mag. According to the quasi-bolometric light curve, we derive a peak luminosity of 1.25 × 1043 erg s−1 and a 56Ni mass of 0.63 ± 0.02 M ⊙. The spectral evolution of SN 2017hpa is similar to that of normal Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), while it exhibits an unusually rapid velocity evolution resembling that of SN 1991bg-like SNe Ia or the high-velocity subclass of SNe Ia, with a postpeak velocity gradient of ∼130 ± 7 km s−1 day−1. Moreover, its early spectra (t < − 7.9 days) show a prominent C ii λ6580 absorption feature, which disappeared in near-maximum-light spectra but reemerged at phases from t ∼ + 8.7 days to t ∼ + 11.7 days after maximum light. This implies that some unburned carbon may mix deep into the inner layer and is supported by the low C ii λ6580-to-Si ii λ6355 velocity ratio (∼0.81) observed in SN 2017hpa. The O i λ7774 line shows a velocity distribution like that of carbon. The prominent carbon feature, the low velocity seen in carbon and oxygen, and the large velocity gradient make SN 2017hpa stand out from other normal SNe Ia and are more consistent with predictions from a violent merger of two white dwarfs. Detailed modeling is still needed to reveal the nature of SN 2017hpa.