Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Efficacy of Recharge Structures in Augmenting Groundwater Resources in Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh

Groundwater play a vital role in stabilizing Indian agriculture, but its indiscriminate uses is resulting in fast depletion and degradation of this key natural resource. Sustainable groundwater resource management is, therefore, a priority issue before the country. Enhancing artificial groundwater recharge by adopting suitable technological interventions can be an option. Two cavity-type recharge structures with radial-1 filter were designed-1 and installed with village ponds at Kutba and Nirmana villages, and their impact on groundwater was assessed. Recharge rates varied from 382 m3 . day-1 to 906 m3 . day-1 during three test cycles, each of 8 days duration. As estimated, 27,304 m3 surplus water was recharged through the recharge well at Kutba site during December 2017 to March 2018. Similarly, 0.2 m water table rise was recorded beneath and around the structure at Nirmana during monsoon 2018. Results of field investigations revealed that cavity-type recharge structure in combination with a pond and radial filter can be a good option for recharging surplus canal and rainwater for augmentation of water resources in groundwater depleting areas.
The Influence of Nutritive Characteristics and of the Period of Administration of Concentrated Mixture on the Productive Performances of Broilers Raised in Organic System

The objective of this experiment was to assess the nutritional characteristics (metabolisable energy (ME) with values between 2850-3000 kcal, crude protein (CP) from 21 to 17%) and mixture concentrated (MC) administration period (biphasically or triphasically) on the productive performance of broilers raised in organic system. The experiment was conducted on a total of 108 ROSS 308 commercial hybrids for 84 days under specific feeding ecological system. The experimental design consisted of 3 treatments with three replicate cages per treatment. It was found that the higher energy MC 1 caused a lower average daily consumption in offspring of V 1 (43.00 g) compared to broilers of the other two versions, a trend that is maintained in the following phases. Experimental variants V 2 and V 3 which have consumed in the first phase MC 2 with 10% egg in structure obtained a higher average daily gain (23.90 and 23.23 g) in the first phase as well as in the growth and finishing phases. At the age of slaughter (84 days) V 2 stands with 3867.33 g body weight which consumed MC 2 in phase I (with 10% egg in structure), triphasically fed variant, followed by V 3 (3710.96 g) (p> 0.05) biphasically fed. Also the introduction in MC 2 of a protein source of high biological value generated in the first phase an feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.75, respectively 1.80, higher than recorded in V1 2.08. European production index (EPI) shows a high value (161.06) in the version triphasically fed with MC 2 , MC 4 , MC 6 , with values close to the version MC 2 and MC 6 biphasically fed (152.80). The costs of feeding are for V 3 version biphasically fed even if the first phase feeding costs are higher due to the introduction in the MC 2 structure of 10% egg. Given the productive performance and expenses incurred in feeding it should be used in organic farming and growing household a biphasically feeding containing the nutritional requests set.
Respiration in Organic Acid-Forming Molds:Part III. Alteration of the Electron Transport System during Lactate Fermentation in Rhizopus oryzae

Mycelia of Rhizopus oryzae, a lactate forming fungus, were used to study respiration and glucose degradation in this organism. The respiration of the mycelia obtained during an early stage of shake culture growth, when only a little lactate was produced, was completely inhibited by KCN, while the respira tion of the mycelia obtained from older shake cultures, or from surface cultures, regardless of the age, was not inhibited by KCN. These results suggest that energy for growth of Rhizopus oryzae is predominantly obtained by a respiratory system involving cytochromes and that a loss of this system occurs in older shake cultures which then begin to accumu late lactate. This observation was confirmed by the enzymatic studies on cell-free extracts.
Supplementation of rabbit diet with chestnut wood extract: effect on in vitro gas production from three sources of carbohydrates.

In vitro gas production kinetics of barley grain (BG), suga r beet pulp (SBP) and wheat bran (WB) were determined using three different inocula prepa r d from caecum contents of 78 day old rabbits. The first inoculum was prepared from caecum content s of rabbits fed diet supplemented with 0.5% of chestnut wood extract (CWE, 75% of tannins) in the form of powder (POWD), the second one from caecum contents of rabbits which diet were suppleme nted with 0.6% of coated CWE (COAT), while the third one from caecum contents of rabbits not s upplemented with CWE (CONT). The cumulated gas productions over 60 h of incubation were modell e with Gompertz model. The total potential gas productions (parameter “B” of the Gompertz model) w ere higher when BG and SBP were incubated in CONT (300 and 288 ml for BG and SBP, respectively) than in COAT (270 and 264 ml for BG and SBP, respectively) and POWD (278 and 264 ml for BG and SBP, respectively). For WB the highest parameter “B” was obtained when incubated in POWD; however, the differences between inocula were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Maximu fermentation rates (MFR) of BG (21.1 ml/h) and WB (9.7 ml/h) incubated in CONT were greater than t hose incubated in POWD (16.3 and 8.7 ml/h for BG and WB) or COAT (18.5 and 8.1 ml/h for BG and WB ). However, for SBP the greatest MFR was obtained when incubated in POWD (15.1 ml/h), follow ed by CONT (13.3 ml/h) and COAT (11.8 ml/h). The times of maximum fermentation rate (TMFR ) were generally shorter for substrates incubated in POWD (12.6, 7.4 and 8.4 h for BG, SBP and WB, respectively) than those incubated in CONT and COAT (12.9 and 12.9 h for BG, 9.5 and 9.4 ml for SBP and 9.5 and 8.4 ml for WB, respectively). In the first 8 h of fermentation (Ga s8), higher (P<0.05) amounts of gas were produced from substrates incubated in POWD (106, 60 and 35 m l for SBP, WB and BG, respectively) than in CONT (88, 46 and 23 ml for SBP, WB and BG, respecti v ly) and COAT (78, 48 and 23 ml for SBP, WB and BG, respectively). In conclusion, the use of CWE as powder increases the microbial activity of caecal microorganisms and that the effect is gre ate with pectinolytic than with amylolytic or hemicellulolytic microbes and/or enzymes. The simil ar TMFRs and Gas8s of substrates incubated in COAT and CONT suggest that the process of coating w as not very efficient as the CWE was not released at the beginning (in first hours) of incub ation in the rabbit caecum contents.
Activated Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells Trigger Granulocyte Functions via MCP-2 Release12

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells display a broad antimicrobial activity by directly killing infected cells and by inducing an effective adaptive immune response. The activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by aminobisphosphonate drugs such as zoledronic acid (ZOL) results in a massive release of cytokines and chemokines that may induce a bystander activation of other immune cells. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of soluble factors released by ZOL-activated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to induce granulocyte activation. We showed that soluble factors released by ZOL-stimulated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells activate granulocytes by inducing their chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and α-defensins release. Proteomic analysis allowed us to identify a number of cytokines and chemokines specifically released by activated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Moreover, MCP-2 depletion by neutralizing Ab revealed a critical role of this chemokine in induction of granulocyte α-defensins release. Altogether, these data show a Vγ9Vδ2-mediated activation of granulocytes through a bystander mechanism, and confirm the wide ability of Vγ9Vδ2 T-lymphocytes in orchestrating the immune response. In conclusion, an immune modulating strategy targeting Vγ9Vδ2 T cells may represent a key switch to induce an effective and well-coordinated immune response, and can be proposed as a way to strengthen the immune competence during infectious diseases.
Effect of Compensation and Discipline on Employee Performance

This study aims to determine the effect of compensation and work discipline on performance at the Office of Highways and Construction of the Road and Bridge Technical Implementation Unit of North Sumatra Province. This research is associative research. The sample in this study were all employees of the Department of Highways and Construction of the Technical Implementation Unit of the Road and Bridge of North Sumatra Province, totaling 47 people. Data collection techniques used were interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression. The results showed that partially, there was a positive and significant effect between compensation on employee performance. Partially, there is a positive and significant influence of work discipline on employee performance. Simultaneously, there is a significant influence between compensation and work discipline on employee performance. Keywords: Compensation, Work Discipline, Performance
Effects of light intensity and quality on the obligate shade plant Aglaonema commutatum. I. Leaf size and leaf shape

The effect of different light intensities and light qualities were studied on Aglaonema commutatum plants grown in controlled environments. Three light intensities—2.7, 5.4 and 20.0 junolm-2s-1 provided by two light sources (fluorescent and blended-light lamps) were tested on two plant materials of different size. When plants completed their adaptation to low light intensities (2.7 and 5.4 umol m“2s_1) readaptation to high irradiances (20.0 (xmol m-2s_1) was studied. Ten to twelve months were required for a leaf initiated in each light treatment to become fully expanded. The adaptation of this species to low light was far slower than other sun- or shade-plants. Plants grown at 2.7 |xmol m-2s~‘ expanded smaller and thinner leaves, with lower length: width ratio. These responses were affected by the size of the primordia at the beginning of the light treatments. Light quality affected these too but the responses were weak and lacked a defined pattern. The readaptation to high light intensity of plants adapt.
Impact, biology, and ecology of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in the southwestern United States

Eight species of Tamarix were first brought to North America in the 1800s from southern Europe or the eastern Mediterranean region. Many of the species escaped cultivation and by the 1920s invaded about 4,000 ha of riparian habitat in the southwestern United States. By 1987, it was estimated to have increased to at least 600,000 ha. The success of saltcedar in the southwest can be attributed to several factors related to its growth habit, reproduction, water usage, ability to tolerate highly saline conditions, and redistribution of salt from deep in the soil profile to the soil surface. The flowers produce small, numerous, and tufted seeds that can be carried long distances by wind or water. The seeds, however, have a short period of viability, and must come in contact with suitable moisture within a few weeks of dispersal. Unlike obligate phreatophytes, such as willows and cot- tonwoods, saltcedar is a facultative phreatophyte and is often able to survive under conditions where groundwater is inaccessible. The high evapotranspiration rates of saltcedar can lower the water table and alter the floristic composition in heavily infested areas. Mature plants are tolerant to a variety of stress conditions, including heat, cold, drought, flooding, and high salinity. Saltcedar is not an obligate halophyte but survives in areas where groundwater concentrations of dissolved solids can average 8,000 ppm or higher. In addition, the leaves of saltcedar excrete salts that are deposited on the soil surface under the plant, inhibiting germination and growth of competing species. Nomenclature: Saltcedar, Tamarix. / Additional index words: Phreatophyte, invasive weed, riparian ecosystem, Tamarix aphylla, Ta- marix chinensis, Tamarix gallica, Tamarix parviflora, Tamarix ramossissima, TAAAP, TAACH, TAAGA, TAAPA, TAARA.
Is Remaining Indoors an Effective Way of Reducing Exposure to PM2.5 during Biomass Burning Events

Bushfires, prescribed burns and residential wood burning are a significant source of fine particles (PM 2.5 ) affecting the health and well-being of many communities. Despite the lack of evidence, a common public health recommendation is to remain indoors assuming that the home provides a protective barrier against ambient PM 2.5 . The study aimed to assess to what extent houses provide protection against peak concentrations of outdoor PM 2.5 and whether remaining indoors is an effective way of reducing exposure to PM 2.5 . The effectiveness of this strategy was evaluated by conducting simultaneous week-long indoor and outdoor measurements of PM 2.5 at 21 residences in regional areas of Victoria, Australia. During smoke plume events, remaining indoors protected residents from peak outdoor PM 2.5 concentrations, but the level of protection was highly variable ranging from 12-76%. Housing stock (e.g. age of the house) and ventilation (e.g. having windows/doors open or closed) played a significant role in the infiltration of outdoor PM 2.5 indoors. The results also showed that leaving windows and doors closed once the smoke plume abates trapped PM 2.5 indoors and increased indoor exposure to PM 2.5 . Furthermore, for approximately 50% of households, indoor sources such as cooking activities, smoking and burning candles or incense contributed significantly to indoor PM 2.5 .
Microbial Landscapes of Corals and Ctenophores

vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Spatial variation of coral bacteria and implications for coral restoration . 3 Relationship of bacterial community structure and zooxanthellae clade . 6 Bacterial associates of ctenophores . 8 CHAPTER 2: SPATIAL VARIATION OF CORAL BACTERIA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CORAL RESTORATION Marine Ecology Progress Series journal publication . 12 CHAPTER 3: RELATIONSHIP OF BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND ZOOXANTHELLAE CLADE . 13 Materials and Methods . 16 Results . 20 Discussion . 22 CHAPTER 4: BACTERIAL ASSOCIATES OF CTENOPHORES . 31 Materials and Methods . 33 Results . 38 Discussion . 42 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS . 53 Spatial structure of Montrastraea annularis bacterial communities . 54 Impact of sample location and zooxanthellae clade on bacterial community structure.56 Ctenophores contain a distinct bacterial community . 57 Summation . 58 REFERENCES . 59
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Patients of Respiratory Tract Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi

Objectives: The current study was aimed to investigate pathogen burden and antimicrobial susceptibility of conventional use antibiotics against MDR P. aeruginosa Design: In vitro Preclinical study Patients & Methods: Sputum samples were collected by using non probability sampling technique from in-door and out-door patients; total 560 sputum samples were collected. Standard and specific microbiological methods were used to identify the clinical isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by using Kirby Bauer Disc-diffusion method. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines 2019 were used to process the samples. Results: About 155 samples were positive for P. aeruginosa, out of which 95 were positive for MDR P. aeruginosa. Analysis of demographic data showed 39 (n=41%) female and 56 (n=59%) male patients. Majority cases were obtained from 41-60 years of age group, with p- value <0.02. Antibiogram showed resistance pattern of MDR against empirical and conventionally used antibiotics. Highest sensitivity was recorded against Ceftolozane/Tazobactamthat is 94% and highest resistance recorded against Amikacin 48%, followed by Ceftazidime 34%. Conclusion: Ceftolozane/Tazobactam could be an alternative treatment option for MDR P. aeruginosa infections.
Les fossiles de Cro-Magnon (Les Eyzies-de-Tayac, Dordogne) : nouvelles données sur leur position chronologique et leur attribution culturelle

Les squelettes de Cro-Magnon decouverts en 1868 pres des Eyzies-de-Tayac (Dordogne) sont generalement attribues a l’Aurignacien et date de 30 000 BP en reference aux datations C14 des niveaux aurignaciens de l’abri Pataud (Dordogne). Une datation par la methode du carbone 14 en SMA (27 680 ± 270 BP , Beta – 157439) d’une des coquilles de littorine qui leur etait associee demontre que ces fossiles humains seraient dates d’au plus 28 000 BP. Ce resultat demontre que la sepulture de Cro-Magnon ne correspond pas a une sepulture de l’Aurignacien ancien. Plusieurs indices culturels et la datation plaident en faveur d’une attribution a la culture gravettienne.
The Effect of NPK Fertilizer and AM Fungi on the Growth and Yield of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) var. LRA 5166

An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of NPK fertilizer and AM fungi on cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) var LRA 5166. The recommended fertilizer schedule of 80:40:40 kg N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O was followed for the varieties cotton crop. The growth attributes like plant height, plant fresh and dry weights and yield attributes, like number of sympodial branches, bolls etc., were noticed maximum under increased 100 per cent NPK with AM fungi inoculated plants. The plant height, plant fresh and dry weight and yield of inoculated plants that received 50 per cent NPK/ha was on par with the uninoculated plants supplied with 100 per cent NPK/ha.
Evolution of the nuclear genome of ferns and lycophytes

Introduction Analyses of gene expression and function, genetic networks, population polymorphisms, and genome organization at the whole genome level have enabled research on previously intractable questions (reviewed in Wolfe and Li, 2003). Among plant lineages, genomic approaches have been most widely applied in the angiosperms, where significant resources have been developed. Angiosperm studies utilizing genome scale analyses have made several important advances, including the identification of an extensive history of genome duplications (Blanc et al ., 2003; Schlueter et al ., 2004; Cui et al ., 2006), progress in understanding flower development and evolution (Doust et al ., 2005; Whibley et al ., 2006), characterization of the genetics underlying speciation and adaptation (Bradshaw and Schemske, 2003; Rieseberg et al ., 2003; Lai et al ., 2005; Eyre-Walker, 2006), the identification and mapping of recombination hot spots (Drouaud et al ., 2006), and the discovery and role of microRNAs (Bartel and Bartel, 2003; Bartel, 2004). Genomic analyses will undoubtedly continue to provide tests of longstanding questions and offer novel perspectives in biology. For example, modern genomic analyses are capable of explaining the origin of the exceptionally high chromosome numbers of homosporous ferns and lycophytes, a result that will shed light on eukaryotic genome organization and evolution. Although there are rich biological and taxonomic resources for ferns and lycophytes, the genomics of these seed-free plants is still in its infancy, and the tools necessary for genomic studies lag behind those available for seed plants. The first homosporous fern linkage map was published only recently (Nakazato et al ., 2006), whereas a large number of linkage maps for seed plants have accumulated since the 1980s
Lumefantrine-resistant and Piperaquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei show cross-resistance to Primaquine but not to Atovaquone

Background: Malaria affects 300-500 million people annually and kills more than 1 million, with majority of the clinical cases and deaths occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa. Rapid development of drug resistance remains a major challenge in malaria control and has lead to use of combined antimalarial therapies. Resistance to an antimalarial drug may however, be selected for by another drug in which the mechanism of resistance is similar. Objective: This study sought to establish cross-resistance patterns between four antimalarials namely atovaquone (ATQ), primaquine (PMQ), lumefantrine (LM) and piperaquine (PQ) using murine malaria models. Method : The activities of ATQ and PMQ against drug sensitive, PQ and LM-resistant Plasmodium berghei lines was assessed using the 4-day test and 90% index of resistance (I90 ) determined. Results: Analysis of cross-resistance patterns showed a significant decrease in PMQ sensitivity (I 90 of 6.39), and a slight but not significant decrease in ATQ (I 90 of 1.19) activity towards the LM-resistant P.berghei ANKA. Conclusion : PQ-resistance in P. berghei is associated with a significant resistance of PMQ (I 90 of 12.22) and a slight, though not significant reduction in ATQ (I90 of 1.27) efficacy.
Genetic Diversity in Weeds

Weeds growing in cultivated areas are usually characterized as having high phenotype plasticity and genetic adaptability. They are frequently well-adapted to disturbance and often seed prolifically (Adahl et al., 2006). Thus, improving the current knowledge on the genetic diversity of weed populations is a challenge for management, primarily because this variability may be an important tool in determining the adoption and efficiency of weed control methods. Genetic markers may be important to improve current knowledge about important aspects of weeds, and may provide needed information to understand patterns of weed invasion, heritability of traits (e.g. herbicide resistance), taxonomic relationships, point of origin, and gene flow. Studies on genetic diversity both at population and species levels are important for weed management, and represent a source of information about genetic bottleneck effects, fitness, and the number of input events that contributed to a successful introduction (Goolsby et al., 2006; Hufbauer, 2004; Sterling et al., 2004). Improving the knowledge about genetics of weeds can provide vital information for the development of innovative control options (Slotta, 2008).
Anatomo-histopatologia, imuno-histoquímica e análises clínicas de ovinos infectados naturalmente por Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum no estado do Rio de Janeiro

The objective of this study is to identify sheep seropositive for T. gondii and N. caninum infection and evaluate the infection by anatomy-histology, IHC (immune-histochemistry) and clinical analyses. Twenty-seven sheep were selected (19 seropositive for T. gondii , 7 for both parasites, 1 for N. caninum ) by MAT (Modified Agglutination Test) and ELISA. In addition, 119 animals were subjected to hematological and biochemical evaluation. The IHC for identifying T. gondii was performed in 25 sheep with positive serology by MAT. By using Fisher’s exact test, an association between immune- -histochemistry was found in different tissues and different titers used in MAT. McNemar test was used to analyze T. gondii immune reactions in tissues. In this study, lymphopenia, neutrophilia and a decrease in ALT values are parameters that could be used to search for evidence of infection by T. gondii in sheep. However, in animals naturally infected by N. caninum , no significant changes (P>0.05) were observed in hematological and biochemical values by Kruskal-Wallis. Histopathological changes were observed in the tissues of animals infected with the parasites, ranging from mononuclear or poly-morphonuclear inflammatory infiltrate to congestion. From the sheep evaluated by IHC, 52% (12/25) presented positive titers for T. gondii , and the McNemar test revealed that the liver tissue (P=0.500) was the organ with the highest expression in IHC positivity for T. gondii . When comparing the positivity of IHC in different organs related to the dilutions used in MAT, it was found that animals with higher dilution might have a more efficient immune response. IHC used in this study proves the efficiency in the definitive diagnosis and the importance in the identification of T. gondii infection in sheep in the State of Rio de Janeiro.