Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A detailed view of the injection‐induced seismicity in a natural gas reservoir in Zigong, southwestern Sichuan Basin, China

Seismicity at a gas reservoir located in the relatively stable Sichuan Basin, China, mirrors the injection pressure of unwanted water, suggesting that the seismicity is injection induced. Injection under high pressure on a routine basis began on 9 January 2009 and continued to July 2011. During the injection period, over 120,000 m3 of water was pumped under a wellhead pressure of up to 6.2 MPa into the limestone formation of Permian 2.45 to 2.55 km beneath the surface. The injection induced more than 7000 surface‐recorded earthquakes, including 2 M4+ (the largest one was ML4.4), 20 M3+, and more than 100 M2+ events. Data observed by a nearby local seismic network and five temporal stations provide a detailed view of the spatiotemporal distribution of the induced earthquakes. Most events were limited to depths ranging from 2.5 to 4 km, which is consistent with the limestone formation of Permian. In a map view, hypocenters are concentrated in a NNW extended ellipsoidal zone approximately 6 km long and approximately 2 km wide centered approximately at the injection well. Multisources of evidence such as the shear mechanism, pattern of hypocenter distribution, and small elevated pore pressure as compared with the least principal stress in the region show that the induced earthquakes occurred as a result of lowering of the effective normal stress on known or unknown preexisting blind faults which are critically loaded under the regional stress field. Epidemic‐type aftershock sequence modeling results indicate that injection inducing and earthquake triggering are both important during earlier periods of injection, while later periods are dominated by forced (injection‐induced) seismicity.
Rainfall–streamflow–air temperature datasets (and catchment information) available internationally to assist with PUB Decade top-down modelling

One of the purposes of the Top-Down modelling Working Group (TDWG) within the Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB) Initiative of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) is to use available data (including new datasets – e.g. remote sensing products) to test existing rainfall-runoff models and develop new models. As such, effort has been made to collate data for a wide variety of catchments distributed over the globe. The first datasets obtained are for the UK, USA and Australia, yielding a total of 830 catchments. This paper describes the datasets, and presents an example of data analysis techniques that are being used to explore the behaviour of the different catchments represented in the datasets. Work will continue to expand the list of catchments with available data, and any additional datasets will be made available either directly or indirectly through the TDWG website (www.stars.net.au/tdwg).
Science‐Based Decision Making on the Use of Dispersants in the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010, led to the tragic loss of 11 human lives. It also unleashed the largest oil-related environmental disaster in U.S. history and the second largest in recorded history. A failed blowout preventer below the DWH drilling rig caused an unprecedented amount of oil and associated gas to discharge continuously over a period of 3 months. Spill response capabilities were tested to their limits by the continuous and rapid flow of crude oil from the seafloor. Responders turned to information from previous incidents and all available scientific literature to help formulate effective response approaches and deal with unprecedented circumstances. Lessons learned from the 1989 Exxon Valdez incident in Alaska and other major oil spills have taught us that conventional mitigation techniques such as booming, skimming, and mechanical recovery cannot be fully relied upon to prevent oil from reaching shorelines and damaging sensitive ecosystems during a large-scale spill. They also offer insights into the conditions and circumstances in which dispersant application may be more or less effective. Early in the Exxon Valdez spill, for example, alternative response techniques including the use of dispersants and in situ 1
Evolved Cold-Potato Routing Practices

This paper presents a system designed to enhance Quality of Service (QoS) for a global video conferencing service. By a combination of off-the-shelf equipment and open-source software, the proposed system establishes a global service network with efficient cold-potato internal routing techniques. Through 15 years of operational experience, we have developed egress selection heuristics to minimize latency and loss in real-time, end-to-end services. The use of legacy routers and switches guarantees stability and security, while the implementation of specially adapted Route Reflector software provides flexibility. This study highlights the notable enhancements achieved in terms of accurate egress routing placement, latency reduction, and a significant decrease in customer support cases. By sharing our experiences, we aim to contribute valuable insights to the field of network optimization for real-time services.
Lumbar Disc Herniation Detection Based on Gait Analysis

Gait analysis is a simple and effective auxiliary diagnosis method for spinal diseases, and has achieved good results in the detection of Parkinson's symptoms and other medical diagnoses. Recently, gait-based assisted diagnosis of spinal diseases has received extensive attention in the research domain. Therefore, this paper studies the detection method of lumbar disc herniation based on patient gait data for auxiliary diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation. In order to obtain accurate gait features from video data efficiently, the human pose estimation tool OpenPose is used to preprocess the gait video data to obtain human key point sequence data. The gait features are quantized to form the vector representation of gait. According to the temporal characteristics of gait features, a TGAU model based on Transformer and gated attention unit(GAU) is proposed, where the GAU is used to effectively extract the features of gait data and reduce the influence of noise. Finally, we propose a model pre-training method based on transfer learning and use the open source OUMVLP-Pose gait recognition dataset to pretrain and fine-tune the model to enhance the performance. In order to verify the effectiveness of TGAU, we collect the gait video data of 10 patients with lumbar disc herniation and 11 normal people, obtain the gait analysis data through the proposed feature method. Experimental results show that our TGAU model gains higher accuracy than baselines, which demonstrate its effectiveness.
Prescribed-Time Fault-Tolerant Control for Fully Actuated Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems: A Hierarchical Design Approach

The formation control of heterogeneous multiagent systems that are subjected to actuator faults is addressed in this work. To prevent the spread of faults among agents, a hierarchical design approach is utilized. In the upper layer, distributed prescribed-time observers are presented to estimate the leader's trajectory for followers on directed graphs. In the lower layer, adaptive fault-tolerant controllers are provided for the heterogeneous multiagent systems subjected to partial effectiveness loss faults based on the fully actuated system model. Contrary to the results of fault-tolerant control that are already in use, the proposed method enables formation errors to zero within a predetermined time that can be set freely. What is more, the estimated errors of efficiency factors are bounded. Finally, simulation results are provided to show the suggested protocol's availability.
Plants and Soil Contamination with Heavy Metals in Agricultural Areas of Guadalupe, Zacatecas, Mexico

The environmental impact of mine tailings has been largely documented around the world. Deterioration and contamination of soils, groundwater and superficial water as well as alterations in the hydrological systems have been associated with mining wastes (Figueroa et al 2010). Heavy metal contamination of plants, soil and water affects several countries worldwide posing a serious threat to the health of millions of people. Due to its long mining history, Mexico is among the most affected countries by this serious environmental problem.
Analyses of Global Monthly Precipitation Using Gauge Observations, Satellite Estimates, and Numerical Model Predictions

Abstract An algorithm is developed to construct global gridded fields of monthly precipitation by merging estimates from five sources of information with different characteristics, including gauge-based monthly analyses from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, three types of satellite estimates [the infrared-based GOES Precipitation Index, the microwave (MW) scattering-based Grody, and the MW emission-based Chang estimates], and predictions produced by the operational forecast model of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. A two-step strategy is used to: 1) reduce the random error found in the individual sources and 2) reduce the bias of the combined analysis. First, the three satellite-based estimates and the model predictions are combined linearly based on a maximum likelihood estimate, in which the weighting coefficients are inversely proportional to the squares of the individual random errors determined by comparison with gauge observations and subjective assumptions. This c.
A physically based method for correcting temperature data measured by naturally ventilated sensors over snow

Abstract During the snowmelt period in 1998, air-temperature data were acquired at 1 min intervals using different measurement systems as part of a field campaign in the Kärkevagge, Swedish Lapland. A comparison reveals that temperatures from naturally ventilated sensors exceed temperatures from aspirated sensors by as much as 6.2 K. Errors in temperature are closely connected to high values of upwelling shortwave radiation and are larger in periods of low wind speed. Measurement errors result from the instantaneous radiation conditions and propagate over the next measurements due to slow response time of the naturally ventilated sensor. A physically based method is developed for correcting temperature data influenced by radiation errors, which requires additional measurements of wind speed and upwelling shortwave radiation. Coefficients of the correction formula are automatically determined from the erroneous temperature data, so the method is independent of accurate air-temperature measurements. The high quality of the correction method could be validated by accurate psychrometer measurements. One of the most important applications is the computation of sensible-heat fluxes from snow-covered surfaces during the snowmelt period using the bulk-aerodynamic method, which is greatly improved by the new correction method.
Studies on the productive and reproductive performances Soviet Chinchilla and New Zealand White breeds of rabbit the subtropical condition of Tripura.

Productive and reproductive performances of New Zealand White and Soviet Chinchilla breeds of rabbit were studied under the sub-tropical climate of Tripura in India. Data from 261 litters were collected and studied. Both the breeds under study performed equally well. Only the number of service per conception and inter kindling interval were significantly (p<0.01) higher in New Zealand White than Soviet Chinchilla. Both the breed and sex of the rabbit had no significant effect on individual body weight at weaning (d-42) as well as at day of slaughter (d-90). Season of kindling exerted highly significant (p<0.01) effect on service period, kindling interval, and individual weight at weaning (d-42) and at slaughtering age (d-90). Winter season (November-March) was the most favourable season for kindling in terms of both their productive as well as reproductive efficiency where as summer season (April-June) turned to be the most unfavourable season. Age at first fertile service, age at first kindling, gestation period, litter size at birth did not influence by the season of kindling.
Statistical Inference of Electric Fields in Lossy Reverberating Environments Subject to High Intensity Radiated Field and Direct Current Injection

This contribution infers the statistical field properties in lossy electrically large test objects subject to radiated and conducted immunity tests on a simulative and experimental basis. By the example of High Intensity Radiated Field (HIRF) and Direct Current Injection (DCI) the electric field data in a generic test object are calculated and distribution functions are fitted to the sample data. Via statistical hypothesis testing the similarity of theoretical and sample distributions obtained for HIRF and DCI excitations is analyzed. HIRF and DCI sample distributions are compared for simulation results as well as for additional measurements. It is shown that the obtained distributions for HIRF and DCI in general are in accordance with those predicted by reverberation chamber theory, but more general two-parameter distributions lead to an improved fit in lossy reverberating environments. Despite the same underlying distributions, their parameters for certain configurations differ for HIRF and DCI, indicating the different excitation characteristics of both test methods.
Thermal history of Michigan Basin and Southern Canadian Shield from apatite fission track analysis

Apatite fission track ages and confined-length distributions were collected from 38 basement outcrop and 5 basement drillcore samples in order to reconstruct the Phanerozoic thermal history of the Michigan Basin and southern Canadian Shield. The apatite data indicate two periods of thermal activity in the region: Triassic heating/cooling that affected the basin and adjacent shield and Cretaceous or post-Cretaceous heating/cooling that primarily affected the basin. The magnitude, timing, and cause of Cretaceous thermal activity cannot be identified with the present data. Model calculations suggest that some of the shield samples and probably all of the basin samples were heated to temperatures of at least 90C just prior to relatively rapid cooling in the Triassic. Available stratigraphic and geochemical constraints suggest that these elevated temperatures were the result of burial by an additional 2-5 km of late Paleozoic (probably Pennsylvanian and Permian) sediments. It is likely that the basin was buried during the Alleghenian Orogeny as observed for the adjacent Appalachian Basin.
Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation Quality Using N-gram Co-Occurrence Statistics

Evaluation is recognized as an extremely helpful forcing function in Human Language Technology R&D. Unfortunately, evaluation has not been a very powerful tool in machine translation (MT) research because it requires human judgments and is thus expensive and time-consuming and not easily factored into the MT research agenda. However, at the July 2001 TIDES PI meeting in Philadelphia, IBM described an automatic MT evaluation technique that can provide immediate feedback and guidance in MT research. Their idea, which they call an “evaluation understudy” , compares MT output with expert reference translations in terms of the statistics of short sequences of words (word N-grams). The more of these N-grams that a translation shares with the reference translations, the better the translation is judged to be. The idea is elegant in its simplicity. But far more important, IBM showed a strong correlation between these automatically generated scores and human judgments of translation quality. As a result, DARPA commissioned NIST to develop an MT evaluation facilit y based on the IBM work. This utilit y is now available from NIST and serves as the primary evaluation measure for TIDES-sponsored MT research.
Sources of real and nominal exchange rate fluctuations in transition economies

This paper provides an empirical inquiry into the sources of movements of the real and nominal exchange rates in Hungary and Poland for during the 1990:01-1998:02 period. We decompose the exchange rate movements into those attributable to real and nominal shocks, we find that (1) nominal shocks have played a significant role in Poland, but not in Hungary, in explaining real exchange rate movements during the transition period. Instead, real shocks have dominated real exchange movements in Hungary and (2) nominal shocks explain almost all of nominal exchange rate movements in Poland and a sizable portion of nominal exchange rate movements in Hungary. These results are compared with the findings of Lastrapes (1992) and Enders and Lee (1997) for industrial countries. Finally, policy implications of the empirical results as well their lessons for modeling exchange rates in transition economies are discussed.
Low Power Performance Analysis of 16-Bit Vedic Math RISC Processor

The aim of the paper is to design a low-power 16-Bit Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) processor. The processer design with Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) and Multiplier and Accumulator (MAC) is implemented using Vedic Math Sutra. The Vedic Math Sutras lies in their ability to simplify and speed up mathematical calculations. These sutras provide a systematic approach to problem-solving to solve mathematical problems quickly and accurately. Within the 16 sutras Urdhva-Triyagbhyam is one among them which means “vertically and crosswise calculations. Introducing Urdhva-Triyagbhyam Vedic Math Sutra in a 16-Bit RISC processor allows to achieve fast operation with less instruction set. This sutra can be implemented using a sequence of simple instructions to perform the multiplication operation. Therefore, the multipliers and adders are designed using Verilog Hardware Descriptive Language (HDL) and simulated through XILINX Vivado software with Artix 7 board. The work uses three Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) and one half-adder of 16 Bit in multiplier unit to reduce power consumption, delay and Slice/Look Up Table (LUT). In addition, modules like Program Counter, Register Bank and Memory block units are designed within RISC Processor. The proposed architecture emphasizes the utilization of LUT's are 997 through which the power consumption is reduced to 0.18W. Hence the speed of operation, reduction in power consumption, and area are improved
Development of Room Temperature and Cryogenic Strontium Ion Clocks With Low Uncertainties

SummaryWe are developing a transportable room temperature strontium ion clock at the National Research Council Canada (NRC) and a laboratory-based cryogenic strontium ion clock at the University of Toronto. These clocks are designed to minimize the systematic frequency shifts and meet the mandatory accuracy criteria for the redefinition of the SI second. The expected performances of the new optical clocks are compared to the well-characterized NRC strontium ion frequency standard that has been operational for more than a decade.
An exploration of nuptiality patterns in Egypt and the Maghreb countries.

This research studies the nuptiality patterns in Egypt and the Maghreb countries of Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. Despite the importance of nuptiality as a demographic component, it is considerably under studied when compared to fertility, or mortality, particularly in the Arab region. Nuptiality studies in the Arab region are very sparse and marital status is usually analysed in terms of education and age without looking at other potential explanatory variables and interactions. In general, education and employment experiences can enhance autonomy and self-recognition, which in turn change people's expectations and prospective gains from marriage. However, the effect of both education and employment on marriage decisions is rather complex and does not usually follow the expected pattern in all the countries in the region. For example, the persistence of the kinship system, in many countries in the region, which benefits arranged marriage can well limit the role of education and employment on marriage. Such observations invited the elaboration of an analytical framework that takes into account the relationships between different factors that can interact and affect nuptiality. Both the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Pan Arab Project surveys (PAPCHILD) provide national information on some of marriage aspects in the four countries. The data used come from the Egypt DHS 1995, Morocco DHS 1992, Tunisia DHS 1988, and Algeria PAPCHILD 1993. The available data are used to study the nuptiality patterns in the four countries and draw comparisons between them in the light of the proposed fame-work. In addition to the standard DHS questionnaires, the Egypt DHS 1995 includes a women's status module, which provides richer information on the marriage and husband selection process as well as indicators of post marital inter-spousal dynamics. Such information is used to perform an in-depth analysis of nuptiality patterns in Egypt and to study the relationship between the intermediate variables and characteristics of the marriage, as well as with inter-spousal relationships and the post-marital profile of women.
A Review of Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning, Deep Learning, and Machine Learning IIoT and IoTs Solutions

Internet of Things (IoT) is a growing computing trend that encompasses every connected thing. Over the recent years, IoT has recorded an exponential growth, leading to billions of smart devices, and still increasing. In contrast to other computing devices, some IoTs generate large amount of data, however, this has become a source of concern as data could contain users’ privacy which should be protected at all costs against any potential security breach incident. Securing IoT is very significant with its continuous adoption and use, hence, researchers have proposed several security mechanisms and techniques to safeguard and protect IoT systems and devices. Notwithstanding, there are some research gaps that are yet to be addressed irrespective of the relevant contributions made in protection of users’ privacy and confidentiality using IoTs. In this paper, the researcher solely focused on a review of AI approaches leveraged by researchers in protecting the device and data security aspects of privacy specifically for de-centralised architecture based industrial IoT systems (IIOTs) as they are generating large amount of data and are safety critical. The results achieved, unresolved issues and recommendations for future research are contained in this review.
Preliminary sulphur isotope data of diagenetic and vein sulphides in the Lower Palaeozoic strata of Ireland and southern Scotland: implications for Zn + Pb + Ba mineralization

Genetic models for many Irish Lower Carboniferous Zn + Pb ore deposits invoke a dual supply of sulphide. The dominant source is from the bacteriogenic reduction of Lower Carboniferous seawater sulphate, but a significant, minor supply is derived from deep-seated sources. The δ34S range of the latter component varies among the deposits: from the lightest range of —15% to 0% at Keel, to the heaviest of –4% to +14.4% in the Navan/Tatestown area. We hypothesize that such sulphur is leached mainly from diagenetic sulphide minerals in the underlying Lower Palaeozoic sediments. 6”s of pyrite in the Silurian/Ordovician Moffat Shales (—17.1% to —0.6%), and of sphalerite and galena in Lower Palaeozoic-hosted veins at Salterstown (—8.7% to -4.5%) and Wanlockhead (—10.3% to —5.1%) are consistent with the hypothesis. Below the Navan ore deposit, Lower Palaeozoic shales containing minor diagenetic pyrite with a very wide range in δ34S have been found; δ34S is typically heavy (+16%) but extreme values up to +62% are encountered. The general enrichment in δ34S is in accord with the noticeably heavy isotopic composition of deep-seated sulphur in the Navan orebody and its Tatestown satellite. Our preliminary results therefore suggest that geographical variations in the δ34S range of Lower Palaeozoic diagenetic -write_. may have contributed to the isotopic variation in the deep-seated sulphur among the Irish deposits.