Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ab initio calculation of thermoelectric properties in 3d ferromagnets based on spin-dependent electron–phonon coupling

Crossed magneto-thermo-electric coefficients are central to novel sensors and spin(calori)tronic devices. Within the framework of Boltzmann’s transport theory, we calculate the resistivity and Seebeck coefficients of the most common 3d ferromagnetic metals: Fe, Co, and Ni. We use a fully first-principles variational approach, explicitly taking electron-phonon scattering into account. The electronic band structures, phonon dispersion curves, phonon linewidths, and transport spectral functions are reported, comparing with experimental data. Successive levels of approximation are discussed: constant relaxation time approximation, scattering for a non-magnetic configuration, then spin polarized calculations with and without spin–orbit coupling (enabling spin-flips). Spin polarization and explicit electron–phonon coupling are found to be necessary to reach a correct qualitative picture: the effect of spin flipping is substantial for resistivity and very delicate for the Seebeck coefficient. The spin-dependent Seebeck effect is also predicted.
Exploring the Perception of Dental Undergraduate Students and Faculty on Environmental Sustainability in Dentistry: A Cross-Sectional Survey in 26 Dental Schools in Saudi Arabia

There are few published studies assessing dental students’ and faculty’s perception regarding environmental sustainability in dentistry (ESD) and its existence within the dental curricula along with barriers and enablers for its integration. As far as the authors know, no published study has looked into this in Saudi Arabia, and this is what the current study aims to explore. A cross-sectional survey using validated online questionnaires for dental students and faculty was carried out in 26 dental schools in Saudi Arabia. The validated questionnaire utilized 25 questions using Qualtrics (XM) software. Both descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were included in the data analysis. ESD content is not formally embedded within the dental curricula in all 26 included universities in Saudi Arabia. Although the majority of students and faculty members agreed or strongly agreed on the importance of ESD as a whole and the importance of teaching it, more than 82% and 81% of students and faculty, respectively, demonstrated a lack of basic knowledge concerning ESD. The preliminary findings of the current study suggest that there is a high demand for incorporating ESD content in dental education in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this, resources and policy changes are necessary. A top-down approach is needed, including incorporating ESD into dental education standards, using evidence-based practices in revising infection control regulations, and providing institutional support through training, materials, and incentives. National dental associations and governments should provide practical solutions and actively support dental professionals in implementing ESD.
Limit Theorems for the Counting Function of Eigenvalues up to Edge in Covariance Matrices

Abstract We consider the number of eigenvalues which fall into an interval for the complex sample covariance matrices. The central limit theorem and a moderate deviation principle are established when the endpoint of the interval is close to the edge of the spectrum. The proofs depend on the Four Moment Theorem about the local statistics of eigenvalues up to edge, and the rigidity theorem of the eigenvalues for sample covariance matrices.
IMPACT OF COMPETITIVE FLOW ON HEMODYNAMICS OF LIMA-LAD GRAFTING WITH DIFFERENT STENOSIS: A NUMERICAL STUDY

Background and Aims: Competitive flow exists in the native coronary artery when using artery graft in the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), and it is a major factor affecting the long-term patency of the arterial grafts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the competitive flow on hemodynamic characteristics of left internal mammary artery (LIMA). Materials and methods: Seven three-dimensional (3D) LIMA- left anterior decending (LAD) grafting models with different diameter stenosis at the trunk of LAD were reconstructed, including 25%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 75%, 90% and 100%. The boundary conditions of these models were provided by the same lumped parameter model (LPM; 0D sub-model) of cardiovascular circulatory system, which is based on 0D/3D coupling method. Results: The simulation results show that competitive flow decreases when the stenosis rate increases and backflow exists in LIMA during systole when the degree of stenosis is below 50%; the wall shear stress (WSS) of the graft increases from 0.85Pa to 1.79Pa with the increase of the native coronary stenosis degree, while the oscillatory shear index (OSI) decreases from 0.1557 to 0.00213. Conclusions: Competitive flow may produce adverse hemodynamic effects on artery graft, especially when the stenosis degree is below 50%, competitive flow will significantly lead the long-term patency of the artery graft worse because of the backflow, low WSS and high OSI, and the effect of OSI is more obvious than WSS.
Nonparametric confidence limits by resampling methods and least favorable families

On s'interesse au probleme de la construction de limites de confiance d'une fonctionnelle d'une distribution dans un contexte nonparametrique. On presente plusieurs procedures de la literature sur le bootstrap et quelques nouvelles methodes. Ces methodes sont motivees par une reduction appropriee du probleme nonparametrique a un probleme parametrique sans parametre de nuisance a l'aide de la construction d'une famille la moins favorable. On compare toutes les procedures pour determiner l'ordre exact de l'erreur de couverture de chaque methode
A Practical Channel Estimation Strategy for XL-MIMO Communication Systems

Extremely large-scale massive MIMO (XL-MIMO) has been emerged as an innovative technique for future 6G communication. Channel state information (CSI) acquisition is a crucial but challenging task in XL-MIMO wireless systems due to the larger number of base station (BS) antennas. In this letter, we investigate a practical strategy to realize efficient channel estimation for XL-MIMO communication systems with the consideration of hybrid-field channel model. Different from the existing work requiring the specific proportion of the number of far-field and near-field channel paths as a prior knowledge, which is not feasible in practical communications, our method aims to provide a criterion to determine the value of proportion first and then acquire the corresponding estimated channel components. Simulation results show the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed channel estimation method as compared to the benchmarks.
Mechanisms controlling membrane recruitment and activation of autoinhibited SHIP1

Signal transduction downstream of growth factor and immune receptor activation relies on the production of phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) lipids by phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K). Regulating the strength and duration of PI3K signaling in immune cells, Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) controls the dephosphorylation of PI(3,4,5)P3 to generate PI(3,4)P2. Although SHIP1 has been shown to regulate neutrophil chemotaxis, B-cell signaling, and cortical oscillations in mast cells, the role that lipid and protein interactions serve in controlling SHIP1 membrane recruitment and activity remains unclear. Using single molecule TIRF microscopy, we directly visualized membrane recruitment and activation of SHIP1 on supported lipid bilayers and the cellular plasma membrane. We find that SHIP1’s interactions with lipids are insensitive to dynamic changes in PI(3,4,5)P3 both in vitro and in vivo. Very transient SHIP1 membrane interactions were detected only when membranes contained a combination of phosphatidylserine (PS) and PI(3,4,5)P3 lipids. Molecular dissection reveals that SHIP1 is autoinhibited with the N-terminal SH2 domain playing a critical role in suppressing phosphatase activity. Robust SHIP1 membrane localization and relief of autoinhibition can be achieved through interactions with immunoreceptor derived phosphopeptides presented either in solution or conjugated to supported membranes. Overall, this work provides new mechanistic details concerning the dynamic interplay between lipid binding specificity, protein-protein interactions, and activation of autoinhibited SHIP1.
Problem 5.5 Exact controllability of the semi-linear wave equation

In (1), (y(t, ·), yt(t, ·)) is the state and u(t, ·) is the control which acts on the system through the subset ω of Ω. In what follows, we choose the state space and the control space as H 0 (Ω)× L(Ω) and L((0, T )× Ω), respectively. Of course, the choice of these spaces is not unique. But this one is very natural in the context of the wave equation. The space H 0 (Ω)× L(Ω) is often referred to as the energy space. The exact (internal) controllability problem for (1) (in H 0 (Ω)×L2(Ω)) may be formulated as follows: for any given (y0, y1), (z0, z1) ∈ H 0 (Ω) × L(Ω), to find (if possible) a control u ∈ L((0, T ) × Ω) such that the weak solution y of
Different Diet Energy Levels Alter Body Condition, Glucolipid Metabolism, Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites in Adult Beagle Dogs

Diet energy is a key component of pet food, but it is usually ignored during pet food development and pet owners also have limited knowledge of its importance. This study aimed to explore the effect of diet energy on the body condition, glucolipid metabolism, fecal microbiota and metabolites of adult beagles and analyze the relation between diet and host and gut microbiota. Eighteen healthy adult neutered male beagles were selected and randomly divided into three groups. Diets were formulated with three metabolizable energy (ME) levels: the low-energy (Le) group consumed a diet of 13.88 MJ/kg ME; the medium-energy (Me) group consumed a diet of 15.04 MJ/kg ME; and the high-energy (He) group consumed a diet of 17.05 MJ/kg ME. Moreover, the protein content of all these three diets was 29%. The experiment lasted 10 weeks, with a two-week acclimation period and an eight-week test phase. Body weight, body condition score (BCS), muscle condition score (MCS) and body fat index (BFI) decreased in the Le group, and the changes in these factors in the Le group were significantly higher than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The serum glucose and lipid levels of the Le and He groups changed over time (p < 0.05), but those of the Me group were stable (p > 0.05). The fecal pH of the Le and He groups decreased at the end of the trial (p < 0.05) and we found that the profiles of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs) changed greatly, especially secondary BAs (p < 0.05). As SCFAs and secondary BAs are metabolites of the gut microbiota, the fecal microbiota was also measured. Fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing found that the Me group had higher α-diversity indices (p < 0.05). The Me group had notably higher levels of gut probiotics, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides plebeius and Blautia producta (p < 0.05). The diet–host–fecal microbiota interactions were determined by network analysis, and fecal metabolites may help to determine the best physical condition of dogs, assisting pet food development. Overall, feeding dogs low- or high-energy diets was harmful for glucostasis and promoted the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria in the gut, while a medium-energy diet maintained an ideal body condition. We concluded that dogs that are fed a low-energy diet for an extended period may become lean and lose muscle mass, but diets with low energy levels and 29% protein may not supply enough protein for dogs losing weight.
Output-induced subspaces, invariant directions and interpolation in linear discrete-time stochastic systems

We analyze the structure of the class of discrete-time linear stochastic systems in terms of the geometric theory of stochastic realization. We discuss the role of invariant directions, zeros of spectral factors and output-induced subspaces in determining the systems-theoretical properties of the stochastic systems. A prototype interpolation problem for recovering lost state information is discussed and it is shown how it can be solved via Kalman filtering recursions tying together the state processes of a family of totally ordered splitting subspaces.
Plasmodium 18S Ribosomal RNA Biomarker Clearance After Food and Drug Administration–Approved Antimalarial Treatment in Controlled Human Malaria Infection Trials

Abstract Background Sensitive molecular assays, such as quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of Plasmodium 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), are increasingly the primary method of detecting infections in controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) trials. However, thick blood smears (TBSs) remain the main method for confirming clearance of parasites after curative treatment, in part owing to uncertainty regarding biomarker clearance rates. Methods For this analysis, 18S rRNA qRT-PCR data were compiled from 127 Plasmodium falciparum–infected participants treated with chloroquine or atovaquone-proguanil in 6 CHMI studies conducted in Seattle, Washington, over the past decade. A survival analysis approach was used to compare biomarker and TBS clearance times among studies. The effect of the parasite density at which treatment was initiated on clearance time was estimated using linear regression. Results The median time to biomarker clearance was 3 days (interquartile range, 3–5 days), while the median time to TBS clearance was 1 day (1–2 days). Time to biomarker clearance increased with the parasite density at which treatment was initiated. Parasite density did not have a significant effect on TBS clearance. Conclusions The Plasmodium 18S rRNA biomarker clears quickly and can be relied on to confirm the adequacy of Food and Drug Administration–approved treatments in CHMI studies at nonendemic sites.
Calibration of Impairment Severity to Enable Comparison across Somatosensory Domains

Comparison across somatosensory domains, important for clinical and scientific goals, requires prior calibration of impairment severity. Provided test score distributions are comparable across domains, valid comparisons of impairment can be made by reference to score locations in the corresponding distributions (percentile rank or standardized scores). However, this is often not the case. Test score distributions for tactile texture discrimination (n = 174), wrist joint proprioception (n = 112), and haptic object identification (n = 98) obtained from pooled samples of stroke survivors in rehabilitation settings were investigated. The distributions showed substantially different forms, undermining comparative calibration via percentile rank or standardized scores. An alternative approach is to establish comparable locations in the psychophysical score ranges spanning performance from just noticeably impaired to maximally impaired. Several simulation studies and a theoretical analysis were conducted to establish the score distributions expected from completely insensate responders for each domain. Estimates of extreme impairment values suggested by theory, simulation and observed samples were consistent. Using these estimates and previously discovered values for impairment thresholds in each test domain, comparable ranges of impairment from just noticeable to extreme impairment were found. These ranges enable the normalization of the three test scales for comparison in clinical and research settings.
Validation of NWP Mesoscale Models with Swiss GPS Network AGNES

Abstract The importance of water vapor for the hydrological cycle of the earth and the atmosphere is well known but difficult to study and sample. In this respect, the vertically integrated water vapor (IWV) derived from global positioning system (GPS) delay is a potential source of valuable weather information. Because of the relatively dense station distribution, both the temporal and horizontal variability of water vapor are well captured by the GPS. This makes GPS data well suited for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. In this paper the automated GPS network of Switzerland (AGNES) is used for calculation of IWV and for comparison with radiosonde data and two NWP mesoscale models from MeteoSwiss named Local Model (LM) and Swiss Model (SM). Reasonably good agreement between GPS and radiosonde data is reported. It has been identified that in some particular weather situations with low stratus clouds and temperature inversion, the radiosonde significantly overestimates the water vapor amount. The .
Stimulation of non-motor subthalamic nucleus impairs selective response inhibition via prefrontal connectivity

Abstract Given the inconsistent results in the past, there is an ongoing debate whether and how deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus modifies cognitive control processes like response inhibition in persons with Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we examined how the location of the stimulation volume within the subthalamic nucleus affects the performance in an antisaccade task but also how its structural connectivity is related to response inhibition. Antisaccade error rates and latencies were collected in 14 participants on and off deep brain stimulation in a randomized order. Stimulation volumes were computed based on patient-specific lead localizations using preoperative MRI and postoperative CT scans. Structural connectivity of the stimulation volumes with pre-defined cortical oculomotor control regions as well as whole-brain connectivity was estimated using a normative connectome. We showed that the detrimental effect of deep brain stimulation on response inhibition, measured as antisaccade error rate, depended upon the magnitude of the intersection of volumes of activated tissue with the non-motor subregion of the subthalamic nucleus and on its structural connectivity with regions of the prefrontal oculomotor network including bilateral frontal eye fields and right anterior cingulate cortex. Our results corroborate previous recommendations for avoidance of stimulation in the ventromedial non-motor subregion of the subthalamic nucleus which connects to the prefrontal cortex to prevent stimulation-induced impulsivity. Furthermore, antisaccades were initiated faster with deep brain stimulation when the stimulation volume was connected to fibres passing the subthalamic nucleus laterally and projecting onto the prefrontal cortex, indicating that improvement of voluntary saccade generation with deep brain stimulation may be an off-target effect driven by stimulation of corticotectal fibres directly projecting from the frontal and supplementary eye fields onto brainstem gaze control areas. Taken together, these findings could help implement individualized circuit-based deep brain stimulation strategies that avoid impulsive side effects while improving voluntary oculomotor control.
Viscous stratified flow past an object

Diffusion-driven flow occurs when an object with a sloping surface is immersed in a stratified fluid, both of which are stationary in a stable configuration. The influence of this flow is examined on slow vertical fluid motion moving past an object, particularly for a cylinder and a sphere. Analytical solutions for streamfunction and density fields are presented, for which the governing equations are derived using perturbation theory. It is found that the solutions violate far-field flow conditions in a region surrounding the object. This difficulty is similar to that encountered for the Stokes’ streamfunction in a homogeneous viscous flow. An analogous approach to the Oseen’s method is followed here by introducing an "outer region", in which the dynamical balances are slightly different. In this thesis, the "outer solutions" (Oseen-type solutions) for viscous stratified fluid motion around the cylinder are successfully derived using the Fourier transform method. On the other hand, the "inner solutions" (Stokes-type solutions) are derived using a standard approach to solving differential equations. Results show that the outer solutions not only satisfy the conditions at a large radius but also match with the inner solutions at a small radius, based on the matched asymptotic expansions principle. In the case of the sphere, the exact outer solutions based on the same approach appear to be unavailable, but the fundamentals of the outer flow are presented; for instance, the governing equations and the relevant boundary conditions. Despite the unavailability of the exact outer solutions for the sphere, a numerical approach indicates that suitable outer solutions appear to exist. Previous studies have ignored the effect of the diffusion-driven flow on the viscous stratified flow past an object, but here the solutions reveal their relative importance in this parameter regime.
Measuring the Immediate Effects of High-Intensity Functional Training on Motor, Cognitive and Physiological Parameters in Well-Trained Adults

The importance of physical activity has been widely demonstrated both in clinics and in sports. One of the new frontier training programs is high-intensity functional training (HIFT). The immediate effects of HIFT on the psychomotor and cognitive performance of well-trained people are still not clear. This paper aims to evaluate the immediate effects induced by HIFT on blood lactate levels, physical performance in terms of body stability and jump ability, and cognitive performance in terms of reaction time. Nineteen well-trained participants were enrolled in the experimental studies and asked to execute six repetitions of a circuit training. Data were gathered both in a pre-training session and after each one of the circuit repetitions. An immediate significant increase with respect to the baseline was observed during the first repetition, with a further increase after the third one. No effects on jump ability were found, whereas a deterioration in body stability was found. Positive immediate effects on cognitive performance in terms of accuracy and speed in task execution were assessed. The findings can be exploited by trainers during coaching to optimize the design of training programs.