Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precipitation data quality and long‐term water balances within the Moose River Basin, east‐central Canada

Abstract Annual water balance time series (precipitation, runoff, evaporation) for sub‐basins in the southern portion of the Moose River Basin (MRB) of northeastern Ontario and western Quebec previously suggested that both annual evaporation and precipitation increased by ∼2 mm y−1 during the 1918 ‐1994 period. However, summer air temperature data were not consistent with evaporation increases of that magnitude. Suspected inhomogeneities (i.e., non‐climatic steps or trends associated with changes in measurement procedure or site exposure) in precipitation records for the MRB region indicated significant underestimation of annual precipitation prior to 1950. Temporal trends in rehabilitated precipitation datasets obtained from the Meteorological Service of Canada revealed that annual precipitation was essentially constant during the 1918 ‐ 1994 period in the MRB, after several inhomogeneities were accounted for. This contradicts previously reported increases in precipitation for the region, and results indicate that stream/low time series from large river basins can assist assessment of the validity of apparent precipitation trends. Although there were no trends in long‐term annual precipitation and runoff records, preliminary analyses revealed trends at the seasonal scale. In particular, decreased annual snowfall was offset by increased annual rainfall, which is broadly consistent with predicted impacts of climate warming. Annual evaporation appears to have been relatively constant in the southern MRB during the 1918 – 1994 period, despite changes in the partitioning of precipitation between rain and snow and the seasonal timing of precipitation, and slight increases in summer daytime air temperatures.
Oceanographic regime shift during 1997 in Disko Bay, Western Greenland

Data from a long time series of temperature, salinity, and nutrient measurements in Disko Bay (West Greenland) reveal a marked change in the water characteristics during recent years. Seasonal dynamics in the upper 150 m of the water column were highly affected by the seasonality in meteorological conditions, while the deeper water strata were more stable and were primarily influenced by large‐scale circulation patterns. There was a marked increase in the average water temperatures at 200‐m depth in spring 1997, with the long‐term average increasing from 1.30°C to 2.25°C. Weekly data from 1996 to 1997 show that the sudden change in bottom water occurred in April 1997, due to the inflow of a larger proportion of North Atlantic water, which propagated north along the coast before entering the bay. Further support for this inflow was found when tracing the relative proportion of Atlantic water in the bay, using inorganic nutrients. These changes in the oceanography of the bay will not only lead to further glacial retreat but will also affect the local marine ecosystem by changing the relative dominance of major copepod species that overwinter in bottom waters of the bay.
The Moine Thrust Zone: an overview

Summary The geometry of structures within the Moine Thrust Zone are similar to those found in classic thin-skinned tectonic regimes such as the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. The deformation style and strain patterns along the strike of the Moine Thrust Zone are controlled by the position of the floor (or Sole) thrust. The stacking sequence of thrust nappes is from E to W in the direction of transport. Reactivation of some thrusts has caused reversals in the stacking sequence. The mylonites associated with the Moine Thrust have undergone a long and complex history of progressive deformation. Detailed descriptions of the Moine Thrust Zone at Loch Eriboll are given and the relationships of the Moine Thrust Zone to other major Caledonian tectonic features of the NW Highlands are discussed.
Checklist of Phytoplankton of Shendam Reserviour in Plateau State, Nigeria

A qualitative study of phytoplankton flora was carried out in Shendam reservoir, Plateau state of Nigeria. Seventy one species were recorded indicating a fairly low species number when compared to other Nigerian waters. The major groups of phytoplankton found were chlorophyceae, bacilliarophyceae, cyanophyceae and dirophyceae. The study revealed that the reservoir has a high potential for thriving fishery. Journal of Aquatic Sciences Volume 16, April 2001, pp. 61-63 Key words: Phytoplankton, Nigeria
CTM study of changes in tropospheric hydroxyl distribution 1990–2001 and its impact on methane

Impacts of emission changes on hydroxyl (OH) and methane lifetime in the troposphere are studied using an emission inventory for the period 1990–2001 as input to a global Chemical Transport Model (CTM) run with repeated year 2000 meteorology. Global OH is estimated to increase, in average by 0.08% per year, with exception of 1997 and 1998 when deviations from the trend result from unusually large biomass burning emissions. The global OH evolution is highly dependent on the CO to NOx emission ratio, and a statistically significant linear relation between this ratio and the OH concentration is found. However, we find large regional variations of OH distributions and methane loss. One third of a calculated increase in global average methane loss (0.50% per year) can be explained by OH changes resulting from emission changes of CO, NOx and NMVOCs, while two third is due to increases in methane itself.
Geochemistry and Microbial Populations in Sediments of the Northern Baffin Bay, Arctic

The Northern Baffin Bay between Greenland and Canada is a remote Arctic area restricted in primary production by seasonal ice cover, with presumably low sedimentation rates, carbon content and microbial activities in its sediments. Our aim was to study the so far unknown subseafloor geochemistry and microbial populations driving seafloor ecosystems. Shelf sediments had the highest organic carbon content, numbers of Bacteria and Archaea, and microcosms inoculated from Shelf sediments showed highest sulfate reduction and methane production rates. Sediments in the central deep area and on the southern slope contained less organic carbon and overall lower microbial numbers. Similar 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of Archaea and Bacteria were found for the majority of the sites investigated. Sulfate in pore water correlated with dsrA copy numbers of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes and differed between sites. No methane was found as free gas in the sediments, and mcrA copy numbers of methanogenic Archaea were low. Methanogenic and sulfate-reducing cultures were enriched on a variety of substrates including hydrocarbons. In summary, the Greenlandic shelf sediments contain vital microbial communities adapted to their specific environmental conditions.
The influence of vegetation cover on soil organic matter preservation in Antarctica during the Mesozoic

A possible biological component of the explanation for the lack of substantial coal formation on Antarctica between the Late Jurassic and Late Cretaceous is hypothesised. Forcing a process‐based terrestrial biogeochemistry model with climate model simulations for three successive intervals of the Mesozoic [Late Jurassic (150 Ma), mid‐Cretaceous (100 Ma) and Late Cretaceous (65 Ma)], predicts the establishment of productive terrestrial ecosystems with substantial soil carbon pools throughout the land surface of Antarctica between 150 and 65 million years ago. Sensitivity analyses indicate the annual land surface hydrological budget of Antarctica 150–65 Ma was largely balanced due to the effects of canopy transpiration on soil moisture. Post‐depositional erosion and tectonic setting must have played an important role in determining coal preservation on the continent. However, the model results indicate that an active vegetated land surface precluded the preservation of the substantial soil organic carbon inputs by minimising the potential for anaerobic preservation (i.e. water logging).
Menos mulheres, menos jovens, mais incertezas. A transição demográfica no Brasil Rural Meridional

This article analyzes the process of masculinization and aging population of rural southern states of Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná) from the last demographic census data. The author‟s emphasis is on the discussion of some of its possible causes and demonstrate the importance of these phenomena, as well as the debate on the future of rural life in this part of the country. Key-words: Demographic changes, Rural masculinization, Rural aging, Rural Brazil southern. Revista Extensão Rural, DEAER – CCR – UFSM, vol.21, no 2, abrijun de 2014 1 Graduação em Engenharia Agronômica (UFPEL). Mestrado em Sociologia (UFRGS). Doutorado em 2 Bacharelado e Licenciatura em Ciências Sociais (UFPEL). Mestrado e Doutorado em Sistemas de Produção Agrícola 3 Graduando em Agronomia (UFPEL). E-mail:germanogp13@gmail.com Agroecología Sociología y Estudios Campesinos pela Universidad de Córdoba Espanha, UCO, Espanha. Prof. Adjunto da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL). E-mail: saccodosanjos@gmail.com Familiar (UFPEL). Professora Adjunta da UniversidadeFederal de Pelotas (UFPEL). Email: velleda.nadia@gmail.com
Investigation of a Final Palaeolithic Site at Rookery Farm, Great Wilbraham, Cambridgeshire

This paper presents the results of excavations at an Upper Palaeolithic site that was discovered at Rookery Farm, Great Wilbraham, Cambridgeshire in 2002. Diagnostic lithic material – three penknife points – indicates that the site was probably occupied between 12,000 and 11,000 BP, a time of deteriorating climatic conditions. Excavations discovered a small task site, located to take advantage of water and a lithic raw material source. The paper discusses Rookery Farm in relation to other sites of this date and patterns of mobility and settlement across north-west Europe. Résumé Cette étude présente les résultats d'excavations d'un site du paléolithique supérieur qui avait été découvert à Rookery Farm, Great Wilbraham, Cambridgeshireen 2002. Un matériel lithique diagnostique – trois pointes de canif – indique que le site était probablement occupé entre 12 000 et 11 000 avant le présent, époque où les conditions climatiques se détérioraient. Les excavations ont découvert un petit site artisanal, établi là pour tirer avantage de l'eau et d'une source de matière première lithique. Cette étude examine Rookery Farm par rapport aux autres sites de cette date et aux schémas de mobilité et d'occupation à travers le nord-ouest de l'Europe. Résumen Este trabajo presenta los resultados de las excavaciones en un yacimiento del Alto Paleolítico descubierto en Rookery Farm, Great Wilbraham, Cambridgeshire el año 2002. Material lítico diagnóstico – tres puntas de navaja – indica que el yacimiento probablemente estuvo ocupado entre 12,000 y 11,000 BP, un periodo de empeoramiento de las condiciones climáticas. Las excavaciones descubrieron un pequeño yacimiento de trabajo, bien situado para aprovechar fuentes de agua y materia prima lítica. El trabajo examina Rookery Farm en relación con otros yacimientos de esta fecha y los modelos de movilidad y asentamiento en el noroeste de Europa. Zusammenfassung Dieser Beitrag stellt die Ausgrabungsergebnisse einer Spätpaläolithischen Fundstelle vor, die in Rookery Farm, Great Wilbraham, Cambridgeshire 2002 entdeckt wurde. Diagnostische Steinindustrie – drei Federmesserspitzen – zeigt, dass die Fundstelle wahrscheinlich zwischen 12,000 und 11,000 BP, einer Zeit mit sich verschlechternden klimatischen Bedingungen, benutzt wurde. Ausgrabungen erbrachten Hinweise auf eine kleine Workshop Fundstelle in günstiger Lage zu Wasser und Steinrohmaterialien. Der Artikel diskutiert Rookery Farm in Verbindung zu anderen, gleichzeitigen Fundstellen und Mobilitäts- und Besiedlungsmustern in Nordwest Europa.
Climate of the Past

Please find enclosed our revised manuscript entitled “ Millennial hydrological variability in the continental northern Neotropics during MIS3-2 inferred from sediments of Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala ” (Egusphere-2022-787) that we are submitting for your consideration and publication in Climate of the Past. We are utmost grateful for your and the reviewers’ comments, suggestions and insightful considerations, which we tried to follow as much as possible and that helped to significantly improve the manuscript. This revised manuscript contains modifications and corrections according to the suggestions from the anonymous reviewer and Sarah Metcalfe (reviewer #2), as well as comments from Sophie Warken and Rik Tjallingii. The abstract, conclusions and discussion have undergone major modifications in their structure and writing in order to address the questions and comments raised by the reviewers. Specifically, we now provided a data comparison with parallel Site PI-6, which has been studied previously and the benefits of having a higher sedimentation rate and therefore higher resolution at Site PI-2 in the identification of the previously undescribed Greenland Stadials (GS) and Greenland Interstadials (GI) were put in focus. Following the reviewers’ suggestions, we also broaden our discussion and now highlight the role of the Caribbean Low-Level Jet and the North American Monsoon in regional moisture input and runoff variability around Petén Itzá, providing a broader discussion around the climatic mechanisms of the region that has previously been focused on the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Detailed point-by-point changes in response to the reviewers’ comments are provided on the following pages. We hope that you find the revised version suitable for publication in Climate of the Past and are looking forward to hearing from you.
Wind‐driven shelf/basin exchange on an Arctic shelf: The joint roles of ice cover extent and shelf‐break bathymetry

The efficiency of shelf/basin exchange (SBE) in polar regions during summer is strongly moderated by the location of the ice edge relative to underlying topography. Numerical model calculations suggest that upwelling‐favorable winds generate very little SBE so long as the ice edge remains shoreward of the shelf break, but an abrupt onset of shelf‐break upwelling takes place when the ice edge retreats beyond the shelf break. A climatology (1968–2000) of ice conditions from the Canadian Shelf of the Beaufort Sea shows large interannual variability in ice edge extent and duration of ice‐free conditions in summer. Similarly, available hydrographic data reflect a corresponding variability in water mass properties. Under scenarios of climate warming associated with greenhouse gas build‐up, both the extent and duration of summer melt‐back are predicted to increase, and this may have dramatic impacts on SBE and biological productivity.
Nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of shallow marine sediments from the Nankai Trough, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 333

We measured nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times on samples from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 333 Sites C0011, C0012, and C0018. We compared our results to permeability, grain size, and specific surface measurements, pore size distributions from mercury injection capillary pressure, and mineralogy from X‐ray fluorescence. We found that permeability could be predicted from NMR measurements by including grain size and specific surface to quantify pore networks and that grain size is the most important factor in relating NMR response to permeability. Samples within zones of anomalously high porosity from Sites C0011 and C0012 were found to have different NMR‐permeability relationships than samples from outside these zones, suggesting that the porosity anomaly is related to a fundamental difference in pore structure. We additionally estimated the size of paramagnetic sites that cause proton relaxation and found that in most of our samples, paramagnetic material is present mainly as discrete, clay‐sized grains. This distribution of paramagnetic material may cause pronounced heterogeneity in NMR properties at the pore scale that is not accounted for in most NMR interpretation techniques. Our results provide important insight into the microstructure of marine sediments in the Nankai Trough.
Physical Modeling of a Footing on Soft Soil Ground with Deep Cement Mixed Soil Columns under Vertical Loading

Deep cement mixing (DCM) technique is a deep in-situ stabilization technique by mixing cement powder or slurry with soft soils below the ground surface to improve their properties and behavior. Some of DCM treated soft soil grounds are approximately in a plane-strain condition; for example, a fill embankment on DCM improved ground. In this study, a plane-strain physical model was created with instrumentation and used to investigate the bearing capacity and failure mode of a soft soil improved by an end-bearing DCM column group. This study focuses on the observed wedge-shaped shear failure of the model ground and attempts to give an account of the failure. Two different methods are used to calculate the bearing capacity of the model ground, and the computed values are compared with the measured ones. It is found that the simple Brom's method gives a better estimate of the bearing capacity of the present model ground. It is also found that measured data of pore water pressures at different locations in the soft soil indicate coupling between failure of columns and consolidation of the soft soil. This study has presented the first time that a wedge-shaped block failure was observed for pattern of DCM treated soil ground.
Defining critical habitat for large whales in Newfoundland and Labrador waters: design and assessment of a step-by-step protocol

The aim of this study was to develop a procedure to define critical habitat for species at risk under the Species at Risk Act and apply it to blue, fin, and sei whales in an effort to increase our understanding of their habitat use and preference around Newfoundland and Labrador. To achieve this goal, a step-by-step protocol was developed to help scientists and decision makers achieve habitat protection goals for species at risk: Step 1 - natural history description; Step 2 - population concentrations as habitat ranking markers (Candidate Critical Habitats); Step 3 - assessing limiting resources and limiting factors (Protected Critical Habitats); and Step 4 - active monitoring. -- Areas of high population concentrations, including seasonal peaks, for blue, fin, and sei whales were identified through historical shore-based whaling records and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans' cetacean sightings database. These areas were labelled as initial candidate critical habitats and include: the south coast of Newfoundland during spring and summer and the Strait of Belle Isle/Gulf of St. Lawrence during spring for blue whales; coastal Labrador and northeast Newfoundland during summer for fin whales; and the south coast of Newfoundland during summer and coastal Labrador during summer and autumn for sei whales. These regions were demonstrated to have served historically as feeding habitats for all of these species. -- An Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA), using ecogeographical variables (water depth, seabed slope, sea-surface temperature, and chlorophyll concentrations), provided more precise models of habitat suitability and candidate critical habitats. Results of the ENFA indicated that blue whale distribution around Newfoundland and Labrador was found to be mainly correlated with areas of deep water and steep seabed slope, and particularly off the south coast of Newfoundland, with the steepness of the seabed slope. Fin whale and sei whale distribution were correlated mainly with deeper than average waters and colder surface waters. Season-specific critical habitat models were also generated, but were generally low in their predictive accuracy. When the models were challenged with a limited set of aerial survey sighting records that were not used in the ENFA, 64% of blue whale sigh lings (n = 11) and 60% of fin whale sightings (n = 10) were located within core habitat as defined by ENFA. Finally, potential limiting factors were summarized and conditions were highlighted under which these candidate critical habitats should become protected critical habitats.
Presidential Address: Presented 2000 August 28, Chicago, Illinois, USA The eucrite/Vesta story

Abstract— Many lines of evidence indicate that meteorites are derived from the asteroid belt but, in general, identifying any meteorite class with a particular asteroid has been problematical. One exception is asteroid 4 Vesta, where a strong case can be made that it is the ultimate source of the howardite‐eucrite‐diogenite (HED) family of basaltic achondrites. Visible and near‐infrared reflectance spectra first suggested a connection between Vesta and the basaltic achondrites. Experimental petrology demonstrated that the eucrites (the relatively unaltered and unmixed basaltic achondrites) were the product of approximately a 10% melt. Studies of siderophile element partitioning suggested that this melt was the residue of an asteroidal‐scale magma ocean. Mass balance considerations point to a parent body that had its surface excavated, but remains intact. Modern telescopic spectroscopy has identified kilometer‐scale “Vestoids” between Vesta and the 3:1 orbit‐orbit resonance with Jupiter. Dynamical simulations of impact into Vesta demonstrate the plausibility of ejecting relatively unshocked material at velocities consistent with these astronomical observations. Hubble Space Telescope images show a 460 km diameter impact basin at the south pole of Vesta. It seems that nature has provided multiple free sample return missions to a unique asteroid. Major challenges are to establish the geologic context of the HED meteorites on the surface of Vesta and to connect the remaining meteorites to specific asteroids.