Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigations on ionotropic glutamate receptors during neural development

Ionotrope Glutamatrezeptoren (iGluRs) spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der neuronalen Entwicklung. In dieser Arbeit wurde ihre Expression und Funktion in einem \(\it in\) \(\it vitro\)-Stammzellsystem der neuralen Differenzierung untersucht. Dabei wurde zunachst die Expression von iGluRs in undifferenzierten embryonalen Stammzellen (ESCs) auf der mRNA- und Proteinebene analysiert. Zusatzlich wurde die Expression von Kainatrezeptoren in neuroepithelialen Zellen (NEPs) und neuralen Stammzellen (NSCs) untersucht. Desweiteren wurde der Q/R-Edierstatus der AMPAR-Untereinheit GluA2 in ESCs, NEPs, NSCs, Astrozyten und Neuronen analysiert. Anschliesend wurde der exakte Beginn der Q/R-Edierung wahrend der Entwicklung von ESCs zu NEPs bestimmt. Zuletzt wurde die NMDAR-Untereinheit GluN3A mittels siRNA-Transfektion in NSCs herunterreguliert und die Auswirkungen dieses \(\it knockdowns\) durch eine Transkriptomanalyse untersucht.
Distance, dissimilarity, and mean–variance ratios in ordination

Recent advances employing generalized linear models in ecology have led ecological statisticians to argue strongly for the need to re‐evaluate or re‐invent commonly used multivariate analyses in ecology to explicitly address the mean–variance ratios of the underlying species data. This paper re‐evaluates previous work on the importance of aligning distance‐ or dissimilarity‐based methods with the mean–variance ratios of underlying data and extends the analyses to additional simulated data designed to test the specific assertions of model‐based advocates with respect to ordination analysis. Similar analyses are conducted on an observed community dataset where the observed species abundances exhibit a quadratic variance‐to‐mean ratio. The results emphasize two general points with respect to (i) the sensitivity of ordination to species abundance distributions and (ii) the inherently hierarchical nature of community analysis. Previously observed problematic results are shown to result from extremely high between‐community variability in sample unit abundance, and are independent of the underlying species mean–variance ratios. Results for simulated data as well as for observed coral reef community data show similar results. Multivariate analyses of the newly simulated data from two communities along a simulated gradient show excellent results despite the underlying species negative binomial distributions and putatively problematic mean–variance ratios. Problems identified in previously observed results reflect a misunderstanding of the hierarchical nature of ecological communities. Mechanisms operating at the individual species level can manifest at the community level as a different ecological (and statistical) phenomenon. Specifically, uncorrelated or divergent changes in species abundances within communities lead inevitably to dispersion effects at the community level. The hierarchical nature of the analysis is independent of the specifics of the species mean–variance ratios, and would obtain whether species abundances are distributed with uniform, normal, or negative‐binomial distributions. The results presented here demonstrate that suitable ordination of the data accurately represents the ecological response at the community level. However, paired ordinations on non‐standardized and standardized data can elucidate the underlying species‐level changes in abundance as the mechanism driving the change in community dispersion.
The Chinese sleeper (Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877) in Ukraine: New data on distribution

The Chinese sleeper Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877 is one of the most successful alien species in Europe today. This article is a review of the current distribution of the species in Ukraine using published data, own field studies (2005–2016) and collections from museums and colleagues. The Chinese sleeper has been confirmed in the Vistula, Danube, Dniester, Southern Bug and Dnipro river basins, with earlier occurrence (1970s–90s) in the Vistula, Danube and Dniester river basins. As a result, the species is distributed more evenly in these river basins. The Chinese sleeper was first recorded in the Dnipro and Southern Bug river basins in the 21st century; hence, its occurrence is still irregular. Present data suggest that, in some regions, the species could inhabit not only floodplains and bays but also fluvial river sections.
Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity of Purple Sweet Potato Extract with Pressured Liquid Extraction Technique

Abstract. Purple sweet potato is one of natural sources used as alternative natural colorants. This research studied the effect of temperature and solvent pH during extraction on the total phenolics and antioxidant activity of purple sweet potato extract by using pressured liquid extraction (PLE) technique. The experimental design was arranged in a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement; extraction temperature (100, 110, 120 o C), and solvent pH (2, 3, 4) with three replications. The parameter of analysis comprises of determination of total phenolics, antioxidant activity, total anthocyanins, and yield of purple sweet potato extract. The results showed that solvent pH and interaction between temperature and olvents pH significantly affected on total phenolics and yield of purple sweet potato extract. Based on the content of total phenolics, the best treatment was obtained in combination of extraction temperature 100°C with solvent pH 3 which produced yield of extract about 78.13%, total phenolics 532.95 mg GAE/g, antioxidant activity 68.67% and total anthocyanins 1.55 mg CyE/ml. Keywords: Total Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity, Extract of Purple Sweet Potato.
THE ROLE OF Saccharomyces cerevisiae AS MODIFICATION AGENTON THE CASSAVA STARCH

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is group of yeast in food categorized in GRAS. It possesses several of extracellular and intracellular of enzymes beneficial to the tapioca modification. Tapioca has low characteristic of pasting properties that its use in food production was narrow. Modified tapioca could be defined as change of its physical, biochemical, or microbiological properties for the better purpose. The introduction of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in to the cassava starch suspension was investigated in order to evaluate its potential in modifying pasting and physicochemical properties of the starch. Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the various concentrations was inoculated into cassava starch suspension and incubated at room temperature o (30 C ) in facultative aerobic condition for 24, 48, 60 and 72h. The growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was monitored; the pH and starch granules were evaluated. The result showed that there was sign of erosion to the structure of cassava starch granules of the inoculated starch and of which could result in the change of its pasting properties. However, the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was not in high counts which indicated non-optimally growth. It could have been lacking of growth factor, nutrition, or the presence of another microbe as competitor. Thus, the investigation on the present of lactic acid bacteria involved in the fermentation of the cassava starch suspension was needed.
A phylogenetic review of the genus Atopobathynella Schminke, 1973 (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Bathynellacea) with three new species from southeastern India

ABSTRACT To date, the genus Atopobathynella Schminke, 1973, contains 12 Gondwanan species, including two species from India. Three new species of this genus, viz. A. indica sp. nov., A. nelloreensis sp. nov., and A. inopinata sp. nov., from southeastern India are described herein. The various characters and their states in Atopobathynella, in relation to other parabathynellid species known so far, are discussed; especially its closeness with the genus Kimberleybathynella is highlighted. A morphological phylogenetic analysis of the genus Atopobathynella,along with its closely related genus Kimberleybathynella is also done, and the inter-relationships among the 15 species of Atopobathynella and six species of Kimberleybathynella are deduced, using the software PAUP 4.0b10. This analysis, based on 39 unordered characters, has yielded 23 most parsimonious trees, with a length of 138 steps, a consistency index (CI) of 0.3768, a homoplasy index (HI) of 0.6232, a retention index (RI) of 0.6211, and a rescaled consistency index (RC) of 0.2341. The cladogram thus obtained suggests the grouping of ((A.wattsi, A. glenayleensis), (A. readi, ((((A. gascoyneensis, A. hospitalis), A. hinzeae), (((A. compagana, A. chelifera), A. valdiviana), (((A. operculata, A. paraoperculata), A. nelloreensis), (A. indica, A. inopinata)))), (A. schminkei, (((((K. gigantea, K. kimberleyensis), K. argylensis), K. pleochaeta), K. mandorana), K. hexapoda)))), outgroup). It also shows that the five Indian species are nestled between the Australian Atopobathynella and Kimberleybathynella species. The Indian species appear to be much derived as compared to their Australian counterparts. A brief note on the origin of Bathynellacea is also added at the end. www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:18BD9A75-5D38-470F-B8C2-D56F645831C4
A New Species of Lentic Breeding Salamander (Amphibia, Caudata) from Central Japan

Abstract: A new species of salamander, Hynobius mikawaensis, is described from the eastern part of Aichi Prefecture, central Japan. It is a lentic breeder of the so-called H. lichenatus species group, and is phylogenetically closest to H. nigrescens and H. takedai. Morphologically, it differs greatly from H. nigrescens, but is very similar to H. takedai, from which it could be differentiated by some morphological traits such as shorter forelimbs and hindlimbs, but longer axilla-groin length, all relative to snout-vent length. The new species from the southern Pacific side of central Japan is completely separated geographically from H. nigrescens and H. takedai, both from the northern, Japan Sea side, by the intervening high mountains. This north/south disjunctive distributional pattern is highly unique among Japanese fauna. The range of the species is so small that immediate measure of conservation is necessary.
Antioxidant status and thigh meat quality of broiler chickens fed diet supplemented with α-tocopherolacetate, pomegranate pomace and pomegranate pomace extract

Abstract The effects of supplementation with α-tocopherol acetate (α-Toc), pomegranate pomace extract (PPE) and pomegranate pomace (PP) into chicken feed on antioxidant status, oxidation susceptibility and quality of the thigh meat during refrigeration were investigated. During six weeks broiler chickens were fed eight dietary treatments, which included: control diet, α-tocopherol diet (200 mg kg−1), PPE diets (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g kg−1) and PP diets (1, 2 and 3 g kg−1). Feed efficiency was significantly improved by supplementing chickens fed diet with 0.2 g kg−1 PPE. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA) n-3 level was higher in the thigh of broilers fed with α-Toc and PPE diets (except 0.1 g kg−1) than in chickens fed control and PP diets (p < .05). Total phenolic content, lipid peroxidation level and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity in the thigh meat were significantly improved when chickens were fed diets containing α-Toc and PPE (p < .05). Supplementation of different antioxidant preparations into diets had no influence on plasma superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, in contrast, serum lipid peroxidation level was reduced in chickens fed diets supplemented with PPE (except 0.1 g kg−1) and α-Toc. In conclusion, the broiler thigh meat may be successfully enriched with LC PUFA n-3 and its antioxidant potential and quality characteristics may be improved by supplementing diets with 0.2 and 0.3 g kg−1 PPE. Moreover, the antioxidant potential of PPE supplementation was equal to that of α-tocopherol acetate in refrigerated meat.
Original Contribution In vivo protection of synaptosomes from oxidative stress mediated by Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 or 2,2-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride by the glutathione mimetic tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate

D609 (tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate) is a phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C inhibitor that also has been reported to protect rodents against oxidative damage caused by lethal doses of ionizing radiation. We previously showed that D609 mimics glutathione. D609 has a free thiol group, which upon oxidation forms a disulfide. The resulting dixanthate is a substrate for glutathione reductase, regenerating D609. Recent studies from our laboratory have also shown that D609 reduces the Alzheimer amyloid h-peptide (1-42)-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in neuronal cell culture. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that D609 would provide neuroprotection against free radical oxidative stress in vivo. Synaptosomes isolated from gerbils, previously injected intraperitoneally (ip) with D609, were treated with the oxidants Fe 2+ /H2O2 or 2,2-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), which produce free radicals. Synaptosomes isolated from the gerbils ip injected with D609 and treated with Fe 2+ /H2O2 or AAPH showed significant reduction in reactive oxygen species, levels of protein carbonyl, protein-bound hydroxynonenal (a lipid peroxidation product), and 3-nitrotyrosine (another marker of protein oxidation formed by reaction of tyrosine residues with peroxynitrite) compared to oxidative stress in synaptosomes isolated from gerbils that were injected with saline, but treated with Fe 2+ /H2O2 or AAPH. These results are discussed with reference to the potential use of this brain
Characterisation of the ADAMTS family in Xenopus development

Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling by metalloproteinases is crucial during development. The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin type I motifs) enzymes are secreted, multi-domain matrix-associated zinc metalloendopeptidases that have diverse roles in tissue morphogenesis and patho-physiological remodeling. The human family includes 19 members. In this study Xenopus was used as an in vivo model for studying the function of ADAMTSs during development. 19 members of the ADAMTS family were identified in Xenopus. A phylogenetic study and synteny analysis revealed strong conservation of the ADAMTS family, provided a view of the evolutionary history and contributed to a better annotation of the Xenopus genomes. The expression of the ADAMTS family was studied from early stages to tadpole stages of Xenopus with a focus on ADAMTS9 showing expression in neural crest (NC) derivative tissues and in the pronephros ADAMTS9 function was investigated in these structures. ADAMTS9 knock-down does not affect NC migration but causes a phenotype in the pronephros defined by a delay of development from early tailbud stage of pronephric nephrostomes, tubules and duct. Versican, a matrix component substract of ADAMTS9, is expressed in the pronephros at tailbud stage but not at tadpole stage suggesting a transient role during development. The lack of its degradation by ADAMTS9 could be the cause of the delay of pronephros development. The expression of the ADAMTS family as well as other metalloproteinases, ECM components and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases was studied in the skin, the brain and the heart undergoing remodeling during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis, as well as in the heart after ventricular resection to look at regeneration during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis. The results showed specific gene regulation depending on the stage of development and in response to heart injury revealing an important role for the ECM and its remodeling during these processes.
INFLUENCE OF GLYPHOSATE ON SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT RYEGRASS POPULATIONS TO HERBICIDE

ABSTRACT - In Brazil, ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum ) has been identified as resistantto glyphosate, becoming a major problem, especially in crops cultivated in the winterseason. This herbicide can indirectly affect photosynthesis by inhibiting biosynthesisof many compounds. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence ofglyphosate on the physiological profile of susceptible and resistant ryegrasspopulations to the herbicide. The experimental design was completely randomizedwith two treatments (720 and 1,080 g e.a. ha -1 ) and four replications plus control withno treatment. Two ryegrass populations were sown, one susceptible and anotherone resistant to glyphosate. After the treatments, evaluations were carried out at 1,3, 7 and 28 days after application (DAA). Variables analyzed were: CO 2 net assimilationrate, stomatal conductance, CO 2 internal concentration, transpiration, water useefficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. The glyphosate herbicidecaused irreversible damage in a susceptible population which at 28 DAA in allvariables analyzed this population was already dead and it was impossible to analyzeit, but it was shown that the effects of this herbicide were intensified from the thirdday after application. In the case of the resistant population, at 3 DAA in all variables,it suffered significant effects comparing to the control, showing that even with ahigh level of resistance the herbicide can affect its metabolism.
Elemental accumulation in mango (Mangifera indica L.) as a function of maturity stage and variety

ABSTRACT Information about the nutritional status of a plant is a basic prerequisite for its adequate nutrition and is crucial to achieve high-yield productivity. Assessing the annual amount of nutrient that a tree needs to absorb in order to successfully complete a vegetative and reproductive growth is a fundamental step for developing rational fertilization in orchards. We are unaware of any report describing macro- and micronutrient dynamics in fruit at different growth stages of mango. Seven cultivars of mango (Dashehari, Langra, Mahmood Bahar, Menka, Sabri, Sundar Langra and Zardalu) were selected for the study. Different macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium (N,P, K, Ca, and Mg) and micronutrients such as iron, manganese, zinc and copper (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) were analyzed at four growth stages, namelymarble stage, prestone formation stage, stone hardening stage and harvest stage. There was a significant variation in nutrient content of fruits throughout the developmental stages irrespective of cultivars. There was no definite trend of nutrient variation among cultivars but in general, most of the nutrients like N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu were the highest at the marble stage, and Ca and Fe at the stone hardening stage.
Susceptibility of American burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolius) to herbicides and clipping in wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium)

Abstract: American burnweed is an increasingly common annual weed in wild blueberry fields in Atlantic Canada. Knowledge of susceptibility to several common herbicides used in wild blueberry, however, is lacking, and it is unclear how burnweed responds to clipping. Using greenhouse-grown plants, the objectives of this research were to evaluate burnweed susceptibility to various herbicides registered in wild blueberry and to determine the effect of clipping on burnweed lateral branch and flower production. Postemergence broadcast applications of mesotrione, flumioxazin, glufosinate, clopyralid, foramsulfuron, glyphosate, tribenuron methyl, nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron, terbacil, and hexazinone provided >90% control of burnweed. Postemergence spot applications of clopyralid, glyphosate, mesotrione, and nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron to 24 ± 0.3 cm tall burnweed plants caused 60%–97% injury, but <50% of treated plants died. In contrast, spot applications of glufosinate, tribenuron methyl, and foramsulfuron provided complete control of treated plants. Efficacy of postemergence broadcast mesotrione and foramsulfuron applications declined with increasing burnweed plant height, although foramsulfuron provided greater control of plants >10 cm in height than mesotrione. A tank mixture of mesotrione and foramsulfuron was effective on burnweed and may be useful for controlling plants of varying size with broadcast applications in the field. Removal of 25%, 50%, and 75% of aboveground burnweed stems with clipping increased lateral branch numbers relative to untreated control plants, and 100% removal of the aboveground stem was required to prevent lateral branching and flowering. Stem removal through mowing under field conditions will likely have limited effects on burnweed, and herbicides are recommended for burnweed management in wild blueberry.
Responses and feedbacks of burrowing mammals under differently managed rangelands

Bioturbating organisms are known for their benefits to landscapes and ecosystems. Studies have to date largely focussed on invertebrates with very little known about the role burrowing mammals potentially play, especially nocturnally active species. They are thought to be vulnerable to land degradation - such as shrub encroachment and livestock overgrazing - leading to increased negative effects on land productivity through the loss of their associated ecosystem services. In the Kalahari Desert ecosystem of Namibia’s Omaheke Region this study compared the abundance and diversity of burrowing medium-sized nocturnal mammals between neighbouring livestock and wildlife land use types. It postulated that bioturbation by nocturnal mammals is an important feedback mechanism leading to improved soil conditions and therefore improved vegetation productivity. The study used nocturnal road strip counts during the growing and non-growing seasons of 2016 to quantify differences in medium-sized mammal population dynamics. Using high resolution multispectral unmanned aerial vehicle imagery, burrow size and abundance as well as vegetation productivity was estimated. The study found a higher diversity of nocturnal medium-sized mammals on the wildlife reserve. Furthermore, clear seasonal patterns were observed. Whereas total sighting number was similar in the growing season and winter on the wildlife reserve; on the livestock farm, there were significantly more mammals spotted in summer, and far fewer in winter. Notably, we revealed that some species of mammal have clear habitat preferences during the different seasons. Results showed that shrub encroachment had a negative relationship with burrow number on both sites, with the livestock farm particularly susceptible. Importantly some benefits were indicated by areas around larger burrows showing higher vegetative productivity. Overall, the study provided valuable insights into the movements, strategies and potential benefits of these mammals. Further research is needed to determine the precise mechanisms by which the burrowers may provide ecosystem functioning benefits to the land users.
Extra- Adrenal Retroperitoneal Paraganglioma: Report of a Rare Case

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com adrenal paragangliomas, or extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. They are closely related to pheochromocytomas. While pheochromocytomas originate in the core of the adrenal glands, extra-adrenal paraganglioma tumors originate in the ganglia specifically the paraganglia, of the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenal glands are located just above each kidney and are part of the endocrine system. One function of the adrenal glands is to produce hormones called catecholamines, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. The sympathetic nervous system’s main function is to control the organs of the body. Ganglia is a tissue mass of nerve cells. The paraganglia is a small group of chromaphil cells in the abdomen. In 95 percent of cases, extra-adrenal paragangliomas are located in the abdomen regions, but they can also occur in the head, neck, and thoracic regions. They tend to be malignant in more cases than pheochromocytomas. This case report aimed at analyzing the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment outcomes.