Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laser developments and high resolution resonance ionization spectroscopy of actinide elements

Sonnenschein, Volker Laser developments and high resolution resonance ionization spectroscopy of actinide elements Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2014, 176 p. Department of Physics Research Report ISSN 0075-465X; 1/2015) ISBN 978-951-39-6049-0 (paper version) ISBN 978-951-39-6050-6 (electronic version) Diss. Laser development of pulsed Ti:sapphire laser systems has been carried out at the IGISOL facility in the University of Jyväskylä, Finland. To further the applications of Ti:sapphire technology in the domain of resonance laser ionization, several new laser resonator designs have been implemented. Studies for the development of ionization schemes have been simplified by use of a grating-based cavity. For increased spectroscopic resolution a dual-etalon as well as an injection-locked Ti:sapphire laser have been built and characterized. Increased output power of higher harmonics has been achieved with the technique of intra-cavity frequency doubling. Extension to a new frequency domain has been realized using difference frequency mixing. These new developments have been successfully applied in experimental studies at the University of Mainz (Germany), the LISOL facility (Belgium) as well as at IGISOL (Finland). High resolution resonance ionization spectroscopy has been used to study the ground state hyperfine structure of 229Th in an ongoing effort to identify a highly sought after nuclear isomer. Further high resolution work has been carried out on 227Ac as well as several isotopes of plutonium. Systematic studies of the hyperfine structure of natural copper have been employed to determine the accuracy of future in-source laser spectroscopy applications at IGISOL.
Chromonic liquid crystals formed by CI Acid Red 266 and related structures

Chromonic liquid crystals are currently receiving increased attention because they have applications in a wide range of products. In this study, we have compared the chromonic mesophase behaviour of four azo dyes with similar chemical structures. Our objective is to determine if there is an obvious link between mesophase formation and dye chemical structure. Orange G does not form mesophases over the concentration range examined (saturated solution > ~20–30 wt%). The other three compounds all form nematic (N) and hexagonal (H) mesophases, but over very different concentration ranges. X-ray diffraction shows that the ordered Edicol Sunset Yellow (ESY) aggregates present in the mesophases have a single molecule cross section, while those of CI Acid Red have a cross section equivalent to six to eight molecules, probably organised in a ‘water-filled pipes’ structure. NMR quadrupole splittings of 2H2O demonstrate that water binding to the aggregates is similar to that found for surfactant lyotropic mesophases. The sodium (23Na) quadrupole splittings for Orange II and CI Acid Red are similar to the values found for surfactant hexagonal phases, suggesting that most sodium ions are ‘bound’ to the aggregates. This is unlike the behaviour of ESY where only one of the two sodium ions is bound.
AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor with a planar-doped two-dimensional hole gas base grown by molecular-beam epitaxy

A new type of AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor which employs a two‐dimensional‐hole gas base formed by planar doping using molecular‐beam epitaxy has been demonstrated. The base consists of a submonolayer of Be atoms of sheet concentration 0.5–5×1013 cm−2 which is deposited during growth interruption by molecular‐beam epitaxy. Transistor structures exhibit dc current gains up to 700. The effective base transit time is negligible in these transistors and it is postulated that very high speed nonequilibrium transport may occur in the collector region.
Metal–organic frameworks: a new promising class of materials for a high performance supercapacitor electrode

A layered structure Ni-based MOF was synthesized and, for the first time, was used as the electrode material for a supercapacitor. It exhibited large specific capacitance, high rate capability and cycling stability. Capacitances of 1127 and 668 F g−1 can be achieved at rates of 0.5 and 10 A g−1, respectively. At the same time, over 90% performance was retained after 3000 cycles. These excellent electrochemical properties may be related to the intrinsic characteristics of Ni-based MOF materials.
Application Methods of Calcium Supplements Affect Nutrient Levels and Calcium Forms in Mature Tomato Fruits

Abstract The glasshouse study examined the effects of various application methods of calcium (Ca) on the concentration of Ca, magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), and Ca compounds in mature fruits of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. 21Shijibaofen). Calcium was applied by increasing Ca concentration in nutrient solution (10 mM Ca), spraying the mixture solution of 20 mg/L NAA (methyl α-naphthyl acetate) + 0.5% CaCl2 on the first inflorescence and the two leaves upper and lower the first inflorescence during anthesis, and on the fruits of 1-week- and 3-week-old. The results showed that calcium content in the fruit increased significantly in all Ca treatments except spraying Ca on the 3-week-old fruit. However, Ca application decreased concentrations of K, Mg, P, B, and Mn in the fruit. The fraction of Ca pectate in the fruit significantly increased when increasing Ca concentration in nutrient solution and foliar and 1-week old fruit's application of Ca solution. Meanwhile, Ca application increased vitamin C content and decreased the percentage of titratable acidity in the fruit. It is concluded that spraying Ca solution on the leaves during anthesis and spraying Ca on the young fruits are two effective methods to increase Ca content and improve the fruit quality.
Improved oxygen carriers for cleaner energy generation through chemical looping combustion

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is one of the most promising technologies to get sequestration ready CO2 stream, with high overall efficiency and lower energy penalty. The success of the CLC system is dependent greatly on finding suitable oxygen carriers, efficient reactors, coal gasification and many other aspects. Ceria promoted LaMnO3 was evaluated with steady state fixed bed reactor for methane combustion and characterized using XRD, SEM initially and after four reduction-oxidation cycles. Results of multi cycle reduction–oxidation tests showed that the reactivity of oxygen carrier remained high and quite stable after four reduction–oxidation cycles. (Received July 4, 2011; accepted August 29, 2011)
Influence of soil test based integrated fertilization on growth, productivity and quality parameters of rice in Central India

Field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2015-16 at the Research Field of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, JNKVV, Jabalpur to evaluate the influence of soil test based integrated fertilization on growth, productivity and quality of rice. Experiment was laid out in permanent plot with six treatments based on soil test values and targeted yield of rice which were replicated four times in RBD. Experimental soil was medium black having neutral pH, normal EC, low OC and available nitrogen, while medium available phosphorus and potassium. Maximum plant height, leaf area index and crop growth rate of rice at different days were obtained under T6 and minimum in control. The integrated effect of the applied fertilizers significantly increased grain (5753 kg ha-1) and straw (7573 kg ha-1) yields in T6 and deviated by - 4.12 % from higher targeted yield. Minimum grain and straw yields of 2817 and 4367 kg ha-1 were registered under control. Highest contents of total chlorophyll (2.47, 3.72, 2.90 and 2.55 mg g-1) and total carotenoid (1.75, 1.99, 1.76 and 1.67 mg 100-1 g) in leaves were obtained under T6 and minimum in control.
Fragrance mix I and II: results of breakdown tests

Since the late 1970s, a fragrance mix (FM I) consisting of amyl cinnamal, cinnamal, cinnamyl alcohol, eugenol, geraniol, hydroxycitronellal, isoeugenol and oakmoss absolute (Evernia prunastri) has been used as a screening agent for contact allergy to fragrances in the baseline patch test series. In 2005, another mix (FM II) was added, consisting of citronellol, coumarin, farnesol, hexyl cinnamal and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC). Leading allergens are oakmoss absolute and isoeugenol in FM I, and HICC in FM II. The aim of the present study was analyse, if the internal ranking of fragrance allergens has changed in the course of the years, and to analyse cross reactivity between selected fragrance compounds. Retrospective analysis of data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), 1998-2013 (FM I), and 2005-2013 (FM II). The ranking of the most frequent allergens in the FMs is largely unchanged, except for an increase in sensitization to hexyl cinnamal. Limitations of exposure to oakmoss absolute, isoeugenol and HICC in cosmetics and body care products had a positive effect, as confirmed by the declining proportions of sensitized patients. Nevertheless, they remain the most important fragrance allergens in FM I and FM II. FM I and FM II are valuable tools for screening for fragrance allergy. However, a diagnosis of fragrance allergy cannot be made by patch testing with FM I and FM II alone. In case of suspected fragrance allergy and/or positive test reaction to FM I or FM II, testing the full mix breakdown and other fragrance allergens is obligatory. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Untersuchungen an Schlitz- und Mehrdüsenanordnungen bei der Trocknung feuchter Oberflächen durch Warmluftstrahlen†

Fur das Stromungsverhalten des ebenen, auf eine Flache aufprallenden Strahles gelten analoge Gesetzmasigkeiten wie beim runden Strahl. Das gleiche gilt fur die Stoffubertragung. Die Versuchsergebnisse lassen sich dimensionslos darstellen, wobei der Einflus der Strahlgeschwindigkeit, des Abstandes zwischen Duse und Trocknungsgut, der Schlitzweite der Duse und der Rauhigkeit der Gutsoberflache erfast wurde. Bei Mehrdusenanordnungen sind die Stromungsverhaltnisse sehr verwickelt. Die Trocknungsgeschwindigkeit wird dabei auser von der Luftgeschwindigkeit auch von den geometrischen Verhaltnissen stark beeinflust. Auch in diesem Fall konnen die Versuchsergebnisse dimensionslos dargestellt werden.
Potential-induced degradation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 photovoltaic modules

Potential-induced degradation (PID) of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) photovoltaic (PV) modules fabricated from integrated submodules is investigated. PID tests were performed by applying a voltage of −1000 V to connected submodule interconnector ribbons at 85 °C. The normalized energy conversion efficiency of a standard module decreases to 0.2 after the PID test for 14 days. This reveals that CIGS modules suffer PID under this experimental condition. In contrast, a module with non-alkali glass shows no degradation, which implies that the degradation occurs owing to alkali metal ions, e.g., Na+, migrating from the cover glass. The results of dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry show Na accumulation in the n-ZnO transparent conductive oxide layer of the degraded module. A CIGS PV module with an ionomer (IO) encapsulant instead of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate shows no degradation. This reveals that the IO encapsulant can prevent PID of CIGS modules. A degraded module can recover from its performance losses by applying +1000 V to connected submodule interconnector ribbons from an Al plate placed on the test module.
Metal contents and fractionation in contaminated soil after column leaching using [S, S]-EDDS

Abstract Column leaching using [S, S]-ethylene diamine disuccinate ([S, S]-EDDS) on copper tailing soils was carried out to investigate metal content and fractionation after leaching. The soil column was divided into four layers after leaching. Fractionation of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Mn in soil was analyzed using a modified BCR sequential extraction method. Metal contents (Cu, Pb, Ca, Mn) in soil layers increased with the depth of the soil column after leaching in the [S, S]-EDDS treatment. The cumulative extraction efficiency was approximately 43.1% for Cu, 26.8% for Zn, 19.5% for Pb, 10.5% for Ca, 2.07% for Mg, 58.5% for Mn, and 7.92% for Fe. The removal of the reducible fractions of Cu and Mn and the exchangeable fraction of Zn was the most significant in the treatment with [S, S]-EDDS. The exchangeable fraction of Pb was the main fraction that was affected by leaching using [S, S]-EDDS. Distribution of Cu and Mn were severely modified by leaching with [S, S]-EDDS. Percentages of residual fractions of the tested heavy metals in the treatment with [S, S]-EDDS after leaching were much higher than that in the control. Although column leaching using [S, S]-EDDS could remove target metals effectively and impaired their availability, it also dissolved large amounts of major elements and modified the distribution of Mn appreciably.
Phytochemical Screening and Characterization of Olean-18-ene Type Triterpeniod from the Roots of Lantana camara

Lantana camara , commonly called wild or red sage or sleeper weed is the most widely spread species of the genus Lantana traditionally used to treat various diseases such as diarrhea, fever, and stomachache. It has also been reported to show antifungal, antiproliferative, insecticidal, antimicrobial and germicidal activity. Phytochemical screening of the methanol extract revealed the presence of flavanoids, terpenes, saponins and the absence of anthraquinones and alkaloids Silica gel column chromatographic separation of the methanol root extract yielded an olean-18-ene type triterpene. Complete characterization of the isolated compound was done using spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C- NMR, DEPT-135, COSY, HMBC and HSQC).
Study on flowering behaviour of elite mango cultivars in subtropical conditions of Bihar

Flowering is a decisive factor in the productivity of mango. Twenty mango cultivars were studied for the flowering behaviour at Bihar agricultural university, sabour. The perusal of data recorded showed the earliest bud break in cultivar Bombay Green on 19th January followed by Bombai and Zardalu on 26th January. However, SB Chausa, Fazli and Neelum recorded a very late bud break. Maximum numbers of panicles were found in the cultivar Langra (2275) while the minimum number of panicle was found in Neelum (587). Maximum panicle length was observed in SB Chausa (34.5 cm) while minimum was found in Bombay green (17.25 cm) followed by Neelum (20.75 cm). There were differences between cultivars for the date of first flower opening and in the time and duration of peak flowering. There is, therefore, a possibility of carrying out selection for earliness as well as duration of flowering. In terms of the flower types, staminate flowers were first to appear in all the cultivars followed by hermaphrodite one. The cultivar Langra showed maximum percentage of hermaphrodite flower (73.86%) while minimum hermaphrodite flower percentage was found in Swarnarekha.
A Rheological Evaluation of Various Mucus Gels for Use in In‐vitro Mucoadhesion Testing

Gastric mucus, obtained from various sources has been used in many bioadhesion studies, particularly those concerning rheological synergism between mucus and putative mucoadhesives. This study used dynamic oscillatory rheology to compare the behaviour of commercially obtained mucins with mucin samples prepared directly from porcine stomachs, with regard to their use in rheological studies of bioadhesion. All commercial mucins were found to be viscous sols, giving mechanical spectra typical of dilute polymer solutions with a non-ordered polymeric structure rather than the typical viscoelastic behaviour of native mucus, even at concentrations far in excess of those seen in-vivo. Homogenized mucus, containing protease inhibitors, behaved like a viscoelastic gel, giving tan δ values < 1, while a crude mucus sample showed markedly less gellike properties, presumably as a result of degradation processes that had occurred before testing. It was concluded that the homogenized mucus sample was the best rheological model for a mucus gel, and will be used in all further studies. Commercially obtained mucins showed little similarity to native mucus in their behaviour, and are therefore inappropriate models for use in rheological investigations.
Development of an In Situ Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography Instrument for Quantifying Atmospheric Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds

Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) play a significant role in the formation of secondary organic aerosol, but their atmospheric abundance and chemical composition are poorly understood. We have developed a new system for the thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG) that extends its capability to quantitatively speciate SVOCs (semi-volatile TAG) having vapor pressures lower than tetradecane (C14) with hourly time resolution. The key component is a passivated stainless steel fiber filter that quantitatively collects both gas and particle phase organic compounds. A separation between gas and particle phase collection is determined through a difference method by periodically sampling ambient air through a multichannel charcoal denuder that efficiently removes gas-phase compounds. Measurements made with this new instrument will provide constraints on the abundance, chemical composition, and gas-to-particle partitioning of atmospheric SVOCs and provide opportunities to improve our understanding of secondary organic aerosol formation in the atmosphere. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research
Effect of Different Storage and Cooking Methods on Some Biochemical, Nutritional and Sensory Characteristics of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)

Cowpeas stored in a hermetic container, jute bag and nitrogen atmosphere at ambient (temperature 21–3°C, relative humidity 72–86%) for 6 months were evaluated for changes in proximate composition, nutritional and sensory qualities when cooked by different methods. Nitrogen storage effectively preserved the chemical composition of the cowpeas and maintained grain with better cooking characteristics than cowpeas stored in other systems. Cooking methods and the storage conditions influenced the cooking time and significantly affected the thiamine loss, rate of proteolysis, in-vitro protein digestibility and sensory qualities of the cowpeas. Cooking the stored unsoaked cowpeas with local rock salt to reduce cooking time had a deleterious effect on both the nutritional and sensory qualities of cowpeas.
Ultrasonic Microspectroscopy Characterization of AlN Single Crystals

Basic acoustic properties of AlN single crystal Y-cut and Z-cut plates, grown by the physical vapor transport method, were evaluated using ultrasonic microspectroscopy (UMS) technology. A method of determining the acoustical physical constants with two specimens was developed by measuring the velocities of longitudinal and shear waves and leaky surface acoustic waves (LSAWs). We obtained accurate bulk-wave velocities, LSAW velocities and their distributions in the specimen surfaces, and the density with great differences compared with the calculated ones using the reported constants. We also determined the corresponding constants. This UMS technology will contribute to the further development of AlN crystals.
Effects of vesicle size and shape on static and dynamic light scattering measurements

A theoretical description of the effects of size, size distribution, and shape of large unilamellar vesicles on static (SLS) and dynamic (DLS) light scattering measurements is presented. Practical limitations and the relative accuracy of different analysis techniques, such as cumulants, discrete Laplace inversions, and the small-angle approximation, are investigated. It is shown that neither SLS nor DLS information can independently yield a unique size and shape characterization of a vesicle system. However, combined analysis of SLS and DLS measurements, when jointly made on the same sample, can lead to a unique determination of vesicle shape, size, and size distribution.
Diabetic Patients Knowledge and Practice Regarding Annual Visual Checking

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant cause of visual impairment; many diabetics do not have regular eye examinations, although it is known that early diagnosis and reduces the risk of blindness. There were many barriers that prevent diabetics from attending eye clinics. Objectives: To assess knowledge, and practice about ocular complications among diabetic patients and to determine barriers preventing the diabetic patients annual visual checking Methods: A cross-sectional study involving the interview was conducted among 300 diabetic patients attending out patient in Ibn Al Haitham Teaching Ophthalmology Hospital between November 2017 and June 2018. Results: The vast majority of patients (95%) believe that; diabetes could affect their eyes. 67% have their eyes checked up after being diagnosed with diabetes, of which only 33% they examined their eyes if vision got poor. Majority of patients believe that; controlling their blood sugar levels can help preserve their vision (84%). 72% of the total has good knowledge of DM effect on the eye. 55% of patients obtained their knowledge from the doctor and only 2% having obtained this knowledge from Television. Unfortunately only 3% of them check their vision annually 37 % they don’t know treatments available for diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: Diabetic patients’ knowledge of ocular manifestations and the practice of diabetic patients towards eye examination were low, thus required to improve practice towards eye care to prevent visual impairment.
Determinants of Agriculture in Cambodia

—In Cambodia, the agriculture sector is one of the important growth engines. Until recently, the contribution of agriculture was still the highest, higher than manufacturing. Combined with the low contribution of the manufacturing sector, the continuous decline in the level of the GDP contribution from the agricultural output has sparked interest on how to sustain, if not promote, the contribution of this sector. Hence, the objective of this study has been to investigate the factors influencing the agricultural output in Cambodia, with a special interest on the complementarity of the manufacturing-agriculture nexus. We employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model for the period from 1993 to 2016. The empirical finding of long-term coefficients of variables in all models showed that the effects of labor force, education and government service are very significant and important in agriculture output growth. By the way, a few factor such as machinery and arable land have negatively effecting on agriculture growth. Surprisingly, investment clearly play a statistically significant but small negative effect in agriculture output growth in the Cambodia economy since investment in Cambodia is moving slightly from the agricultural sector to the other sectors. Manufacturing output had a negative and significant effect on agricultural output. This finding is rather surprising, considering that most of the manufacturing sector is agriculture-based in Cambodia. Therefore, the government should design policies that could encourage local manufactures to use more local content.