Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of activation protocol on miniscrew-assisted palatal expansion: A systematic review of current evidence

Background and Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to review the effect of different activation protocols of miniscrew-assisted palatal expanders used in the treatment of maxillary skeletal transverse deficiency. Material and methods: A search was conducted in MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library till May 2020. The gray literature was also explored via google scholar and Open Gray. Selection criteria included randomized and prospective clinical trials comparing the outcomes of different activation protocols of miniscrew-assisted palatal expansion. Eligibility criteria were applied, and the authors planned to extract relevant data, and assess the risk of bias using the RoB 2 tool for randomized controlled trials and ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized studies, followed by the assessment of the quality of evidence. Results: As no studies met the inclusion criteria for this review, we discussed the results of prospective clinical trials studying the clinical outcomes of using miniscrew-assisted palatal expansion. Conclusion: To date, there are no high-quality clinical trials comparing the clinical outcomes of different activation protocols of miniscrew-assisted palatal expansion. There is no clear agreement in the literature on the most efficient activation protocol used with the miniscrew-assisted palatal expanders.
Evaluation of the Sub Acute Toxicity of the Stem Bark of Andira inermis

The aqueous methanolic Andira inermis stem bark extract was screened in evaluation of its potential for its toxic effect in a 28 days study using the oral route only. The sub acute study was carried out in Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each; control group (a) received distilled water while the aqueous methanolic Andira inermis stem bark extract treatment groups (b), (c), and (d), received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract respectively, for a period of 28 days, with their intake of feeds, water and signs of abnormality observed. At the end of the sub acute study, the rats were anaesthetized with chloroform and blood collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical and haematological evaluation. And the visceral organs (liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and spleen) excised for weighing and patho-morphological examination. The aqueous methanolic Andira inermis stem bark extract was found to; reduce the intake of water weekly, drop intake of feeds; Original Research Article Egua et al.; EJMP, 32(1): 57-71, 2021; Article no.EJMP. 65577 58 significantly increased the red blood cell count (RBC), the haemoglobin concentration (HB), as well as the pack cell volume (PCV). The renal indices, showed the electrolytes sodium and chloride of the treatment groups (b, c and d) to be significantly different from the control. Urea was noticed to have reduce significantly and creatinine insignificantly. The organs weights across the Andira inermis treatment groups were noticed to be insignificantly (P › 0.05) different from the control for all the organs sampled (Lungs, Liver, Heart and Spleen) except for the kidney (organ weight which was noticed to have increased significantly). The patho-morphologies of the organs showed the heart to be normal, the kidney was normal in the control and the other treatment groups 100 mg 400 mg and 200 mg but a rat (an outlier) in one of the 200 mg group was noticed with tubular necrosis; the liver indicated a non concentration-dependent hepatitis while the lungs and the spleen presented an infective process. It was concluded that, the aqueous methanolic extract of Andira inermis is a safe medicinal plant with the capacity to; raise red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (HB) as well as the pack cell volume (PCV); proffers a nephroprotective property; shrunken spleen; have a hepato-protective property and as well was non toxic to the heart and lungs. These findings warrants further pharmacognostic efficacy experimental research to harness the array of benefits of Andira inermis as discovered in this study.
Attributions of Managerial Decisions, Emotions, and OCB. The Moderating Role of Ethical Climate and Self-Enhancement

In this study, we examined the relationships between employees’ negative internal attributions of their supervisors’ workplace decisions and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as mediated by adverse emotions. The present research also explores the moderating role of organizational ethical climate (OEC) and self-enhancement in OCB. Following two studies conducted on participants recruited from industry, we suggest a nuanced insight into employees’ inferences regarding their supervisors’ decisions in predicting their OCB. The current research addresses this notion by implementing the conceptualization of the attribution-affect-action model, by showing that higher levels of unfavorable internal attributions are associated with higher levels of negative workplace emotions, and that higher levels of negative emotions predict lesser OCB. Additionally, we uncover the way perceived organizational ethical climate moderates the obtained indirect relationship. The relationship between employees’ attributions and reported OCB is attenuated under high levels of egoism- and principle-based OEC (Study 1). Further, our findings show that the effect of OEC on OCB diminishes under high levels of negative attributions (Studies 1 & 2) and that the effect of principle-based OEC on OCB is mitigated given high levels of self-enhancement (Study 2). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Dosimetric study of hypo fractionated adjuvant post mastectomy radiotherapy with and without bolus and assessment of acute toxicity of treatment: a single institution study

Background: Moderate hypo fractionated PMRT is convenient for patients and is particularly beneficial in busy radiotherapy department like in developing nations. Furthermore, PMRT can be given with or without bolus as per institution protocol. The purpose of this study was to do dosimetric comparison of with and without bolus plans in patient undergoing hypo fractionated PMRT and to assess acute toxicity of treatment. Methods: Our study is single institution prospective study done at DMCH cancer center Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Study period was from March 2020 to October 2020 and we included post mastectomy patients irradiated by hypo fractionated regime. After CT simulation and contouring, rapid arc radiotherapy plans were evaluated and DVH analysis was done for PTV and OARs. Acute toxicity was assessed during treatment and 1 month post radiotherapy treatment. Ethical approval was not taken due to COVID 19 pandemic emergency, but also hypofractionated PMRT is standard of care. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS, Version 20.0 Results: A total of 30 patients were analyzed which received mean PTV dose of 42.3Gy in 16 fractions (8 fractions with and 8 without bolus). We were able to achieve adequate PTV coverage in plan sum which included both bolus and non-bolus plan. However, use of bolus resulted in statistically significant increase in low dose volume mainly V4Gy of ipsilateral lung in left sided breast cancer cases. Despite use of bolus no patient had above grade I skin toxicity. Conclusions: Moderate hypo fractionated PMRT with and without bolus is well tolerated with minimal acute side effects. It is important to note that use of bolus results in higher V4Gy volume of ipsilateral lung more precisely in left side breast cancer cases.
DNA Barcoding Evidence of the Tropical Invasive Lineage of Sinanodonta woodiana in Costa Rica

Chinese Pond Mussels (Sinanodonta) are invasive freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) that are now widely distributed in non-native parts of Asia, Europe and, to a lesser extent, the Americas. In the present study, Chinese Pond Mussels were identified in a cox1 DNA barcoding survey of mussels from an aquaculture facility in Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica. These sequences are identical or nearly identical to those of the so-called “tropical invasive lineage” of Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea), probably introduced on aquaculture fish from a hatchery in Taiwan. Identification of the source of these mussels has implications for understanding their ecological adaptations and natural history. To our knowledge there are no assessments of the ecological impacts of Chinese Pond Mussels in Mesoamerica.
Gendered Hegemony in the Visual Discourse of Moroccan EFL Textbooks: A Quantitative Content Analysis

This study analyzes the portrayal of women and men in the visual discourse of Moroccan English as a Foreign Language (MEFL, henceforth). Nine of these textbooks have been sampled to serve this purpose. Although past research has been extensively undertaken to examine the textual discourse of school textbooks, there is up to now a dearth of research geared to analyze their visual contents. This research adopts the analytical techniques of quantitative content analysis to examine the numerical distribution of the two sex groups throughout their pictorial representations. Mapping the visual content of the sampled textbooks, it has been shown that, unlike men, women have been misrepresented both in terms of their visibility (frequency of appearance) as well as in terms of the occupational roles assigned to them. The use of frequency counts, percentages, ratios and chi-square tests have helped unveil imbalanced gender disparities favoring men. The paper ends up presenting the conclusion of this study along with some recommendations.
Supply and Regulation Services Provided by Re-greened Landscapes in the Sahel: Case of Two Villages’ Clusters Dan Saga and Tabofatt in Niger Republic

The objective of this study is to assess the importance of the supply and regulation services provided by the regreened landscapes in certain anthropized areas of Sahel zone. The methodology used is based on a socioeconomic survey coupled with an inventory of woody vegetation in agroforestry parks in two villages’ clusters: Dan Saga and Tabofatt. Ethnobotanical analysis tools and allometric equations are applied on the data collected. These led to three main results. First, a total of 43 and 34 species registered are used in six (6) usages, such as food, forage, technological, energetic, and medicinal uses respectively both in Dan Saga and Tabofatt cluster. Second, the two landscapes contain a remarkable specific flora diversity which contributes not only to soil fertility but also to sequester 6.04±0.236 and 4.5 9±0.568 tCO2.ha-1 respectively at Dan Saga and Tabofatt. And thirdly in the landscapes of two clusters the amount of woody species inventoried, meets the amount of social use requirements. These results show that scaling up of regreening program should focus on promoting useful species through updating the current forest legislation.
Assessment of Bacteriological and Physico-Chemical Quality of Drinking Water in Munesa Woreda, Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Potable and accessible household drinking water is essential means of improving communities’ health both in urban and rural areas. The potability of drinking water is affected by bacteriological and physico-chemical parameters. Thus, cross-sectional study was conducted during September 2015 to June 2016 to assess the bacteriological and physico-chemical quality of drinking water sources in Munesa Woreda, Arsi zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. In total sixty four samples from four different water sources were sampled. Water samples of tap water, protected boreholes, protected springs and household from different sites were collected. The total coliform, fecal coliform, temperature, pH and total dissolved solids were analyzed based on the standard methods prescribed by APHA (2017). The mean counts of total coliform were in the range of 3±2.36 to 30±5.01 (CFU/100 ml) whereas, the mean counts of fecal coliform were found to be 2±1.93 to 22±2.74 (CFU/100 ml). The total and fecal coliforms counts in all water samples were above the recommended limit set by WHO and Ethiopian standard for drinking water quality. However, the results of physico-chemical parameters tested in relation to temperature, pH and TDS were observed within the permissible ranges of national and international standards. The presence of fecal coliforms in the water samples demonstrates the presence of pathogenic organisms that would be a threat to anyone consuming the water. Thus, it can be suggested that regular monitoring of drinking water sources and hygiene promotion programs can improve quality of drinking water in the study area.
Assessing glyphosate concentrations in six reservoirs of Paraíba do Sul and Guandu River Basins in southeast Brazil

Glyphosate is a popular herbicide used worldwide, and several studies consider it to be an environmental hazard affecting human health. The present study aimed to detect glyphosate in six different reservoirs of Paraiba do Sul and Guandu River Basins in Southeast Brazil, used for multiple purposes, including fishery activities and domestic water supply. Ion chromatography was used to analyze the water samples, as it is a fast and environmentally friendly technique to detect glyphosate. Our results revealed that, despite differences related to trophic state, season of the year or distance to urban areas, glyphosate was detected in all reservoirs and in three of them with concentrations above the limit imposed by Brazilian legislation. Among the environmental variables studied, turbidity presented the highest correlation with glyphosate concentrations. The effect of rainfall increasing turbidity in the rivers reinforces the importance of draining waters from surrounding areas that transport glyphosate into the aquatic ecosystems. The detection of the herbicide in the various systems confirms the wide use of this compound in the drainage basins of the studied reservoirs and highlights the importance of water monitoring. Further, the results reveal how urgent and important it is to explore through laboratory experiments the pathways of degradation of this herbicide in tropical and subtropical aquatic environments together with its effects on flora and fauna.
IS HIGHER GOVERNMENT EFFICIENCY BRINGING ABOUT HIGHER INNOVATION?

This research analyzes the impact of government effectiveness on innovation by using unbalanced panel data from the World Bank on 166 countries spanning 1996 to 2018. We analyze the impact of government efficiency on innovation through various panel fixed-effects models, while incorporating control variables such as GDP, education, and industrial structure into the analysis framework. The empirical results conclude that, in our selected countries, government efficiency has a significantly positive impact on innovation output and more importantly verify the positive impact from the improvement of bureaucracy quality on innovation. The evidence again shows the positive impacts of government efficiency on innovation output by addressing endogenous and robustness checking via the series of methods. Furthermore, the heterogeneity and mechanism of this relationship would be explored. Therefore, the research results provide an alternative method for national governments to promote innovation output by improving government effectiveness.
Livestock Banking as Innovative Response to Effects of Recurrent Drought in Pastoralist Communities: the case of Borana, Ethiopia

This article intends to introduce Livestock Banking as an innovative idea that aims at addressing problems pertinent to recurrent drought among the Borana pastoralists in Southern Ethiopia. Borana are pastoralists whose livelihood is dependent on cattle economy. However, pastoralism among the Borana have been under serious pressure from both manmade and natural factors. Some of these factors are recurrent drought and ever degradation of rangeland, the introduction and expansion of farming at the expense of pastoralism, inter-ethnic conflict, neighbours’ annexation over Borana rangeland, government induced development interventions with unforeseen negative effects. The idea of Livestock Banking is, thus, designed to build resilience of the communities against the effect of recurrent drought. This innovative idea is initiated based on the Resilient Africa Network (RAN) call for proposals. In the context of this innovative idea, Livestock Banking refers to a community oriented business organization that keeps, exchanges and produces livestock, invests in improving livestock productivity and marketability, loans live animals and gives it back with profit in cash or in kind when the depositor requests. The bank will also serve as local insurance agent against effects of the re-current drought based on climate forecast. It will participate in preserving best livestock breed and distribute to individual herders up on requests; participate in livestock feed and fodder production; provide veterinary services and trainings to produce professionals in livestock production; have animal product processing factories, invest in livestock fattening, sell quality animal products to international and national markets. Currently, the piloting project of this innovative idea is ongoing.
Recovery Rate of Hyperthyrotropinemia and Its Associated Factors: A Prospective Observational Study

Introduction:Hyperthyrotropinemia (HT) can be transient or permanent. There is no specific protocol in confirmatory tests to discriminate between transient and permanent forms. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of transient HT and the factors that help to discriminate transient from permanent HT. Methods:This was an observational prospective study in all neonates diagnosed with HT referred to the pediatric clinic of Boali Hospital, affiliated to Islamic Azad University Tehran Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, Iran during September 2017 and January 2019. The recovery rate was investigated during a three-month follow-up while withholding medical treatment. Data were analyzed with SPSS Version 22.0. Results: Totally, 80 neonates (65% girls) were enrolled in this study. Among them, 62 participants (77.5%) recovered without any treatment during the three months of follow-up. The recovery rate was significantly higher in term newborns (p < 0.01). The mean weight of recovered neonates (2767.7 ± 440.2 gr) was significantly higher than that of the neonates who did not recover (2141.7 ± 755.2) (p < 0.01). The mean level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) of the recovered neonates (9.4 ± 3.0 mIU/L) was significantly lower than in the neonates who did not recover (22 ± 6.5 mIU/L) (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The outcome of HT became mostly permanent in patients with a higher level of TSH. The prematurity and low birth weight were the influential factors on TSH level, which could indirectly increase the risk of HT permanence.
To determine the correlation between HbA1c and AIP in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aim: to assess the lipid patterns and association of AIP with HbA1c in diabetes patients.Methods: This study conducted in the Department of Medicine, Metro Hospital and Cancer Research Centre, Jabalpur, MP, India from October 2018 to January 2020. Total 160 diagnosed cases of DM type 2 in the age group of 20-70 years were included in this study. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the levels of glycated hemoglobin. Venous blood samples from all the subjects were collected after at least 6 hours fasting and analyzed for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 hours post prandial glucose levels(2hPG), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) & LDL-C analysis was done by standard methods. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated by the formula base 10 logarithm of the ratio of TG to HDL-C.Results: Out of the 160 patients studied, there were 70 males and 90 females. The maximum number of patients was in the age group of 50-60 years. The levels of FBG, TC, TG,VLDL-C LDL-C, HbA1c, AIP, ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C are increased, while the levels of HDL-C are decreased in patients with HbA1c >7% as compared to patients with HbA1c ≤ 7% and these values are highly significant. The patients with HbA1c >7% had dyslipidemia as the most prominent feature in the lipid profile. Direct and significant correlation of HbA1c with FBG, 2Hpg was found.Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present study that patients with poor glycaemic control have a atherogenic lipid profile and Glycated haemoglobin predicts dyslipidemia and atherogenicity.
Physicochemical characterization and genotoxicity of the broad class of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers used or produced in US facilities

Background: Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers (CNT/F) have known toxicity but simultaneous comparative studies of the broad material class, especially those with a larger diameter, with computational analyses linking toxicity to their fundamental material characteristics was lacking. It was unclear if all CNT/F confer similar toxicity, in particular, genotoxicity. Nine CNT/F (MW #1–7 and CNF #1–2), commonly found in exposure assessment studies of U.S. facilities, were evaluated with reported diameters ranging from 6 to 150 nm. All materials were extensively characterized to include distributions of physical dimensions and prevalence of bundled agglomerates. Human bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to the nine CNT/F (0–24 μg/ml) to determine cell viability, inflammation, cellular oxidative stress, micronuclei formation, and DNA double-strand breakage. Computational modeling was used to understand various permutations of physicochemical characteristics and toxicity outcomes. (Continued on next page) © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. * Correspondence: efi4@cdc.gov Kelly Fraser and Vamsi Kodali contributed equally to this work. Health Effect Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, MS-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Fraser et al. Particle and Fibre Toxicology (2020) 17:62 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-020-00392-w
Coming to a doxastic agent1

Fillmore (1975) proposes that using the English deictic motion verb come to describe a motion event is acceptable if some contextually given individual is present at the destination of the motion event. In this paper, I show that the individual must only believe herself to be located at the destination. I argue that the meaning of come thus includes a doxastic, modal component, and develop an analysis in the dynamic semantics of AnderBois et al. (2015).