Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFECT OF SUPPLEMENTING THE DIET WITH CAROTENOIDS-ENRICHED SPIRULINA ALGAE 1. ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND PHSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF DEVELOPED CHICKENS

The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary supplementation with carotenoids-enriched Spirulina platensis algae (SA), flock age on carotenoids concentration in egg yolk, productive performance, egg quality and blood parameters of Bandarah chickens. One hundred and thirty five females with fifteen males from Bandarah chicken strain at 30weeks of age besides the same number from the same chicken strain at 56 weeks of age were housed in floor pens. The birds were weighed and randomly divided into five groups representing the dietary supplementations and commenced four months of laying production. The five experimental bird groups for each age were fed as follow: basal diet without supplementation of SA (control) , basal diet supplemented with 40 mg (group 2), 80 mg (group 3), 120 mg (group 4), 160 mg (group 5) SA/Kg diet. The results showed that there was a linear relationship between dietary SA concentration and carotenoids concentration in egg yolk. Supplementation the diet with 40 mg SA/Kg diet represented highest (P≤0.05) record of egg weight, egg mass and egg production compared to those for other treatment groups regardless of flock age. Moreover, the best significant improvement of feed conversion rate was recorded for group of chickens fed T2 and T5 treatments. The highest values for egg mass and egg production % were observed for interactions of T2 ˟ young age and T5 ˟ old age. Elder flock age represented significant increase for egg weight, egg shell index and yolk weight percentage compared to those for younger one. Also, supplementing the diets with 40 mg SA /Kg diet (T2) and 160 mg SA/Kg diet (T5) reduced(P≤0.05) cholesterol and malonadialdhide. In conclusion, Spirulina platensis algae could be used safety in layer diets at levels of 40mg/kg diet for young flocks and 160 mg/kg diet for old ones for realizing the best productive performance and improving the yolk color and some blood parameters.
Role of Condylar Plate for the Treatment of Intercondylar Fracture of Femur

Original Research Article Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the outcome of the efficiency of the Condylar plate for the treatment of intercondylar fracture of femur. Method: This clinical trial was carried out at tertiary medical college and hospital between June 2014 to June 2015. A total of 40 patients of intercondylar fractures of femur meeting the selection criteria were consecutively included in the sample. Results: During the study, over half (53.3%) of the patients were operated after 1 -2 weeks of receiving the injury, 26.7% before 1 week and 20% after 2-3 weeks of injury. Two-thirds (66.7%) of the patients stayed in the hospital for 2-3 weeks and the rest > 3-4 weeks. After intervention where 40% of the patients had excellent outcome (Insal score > 85), 46.5% good outcome (Insal score between 70-84), and 13.5% fair outcome (Insal score 60 6 9). Conclusion: The outcome of intercondylar fractures of the femur treated by condylar plate demonstrated excellent to good result in majority of the cases. Sixty percent of the cases returned to routine preinjury activities without limitations and one-quarter with mild limitations, in terms of subjective evaluation as well most of the patients had good to excellent outcome.
School-Based Interventions: Targeting Social and Emotional Skills to Increase the College Readiness of Hispanic Students from Underserved Backgrounds. Technical Brief.

Learners from underserved backgrounds tend to show lower levels of college readiness (ACT, 2016a; ACT, 2018). In part to address these disparities, we investigated growth in social and emotional (SE) skills in a cohort of largely Hispanic, high-poverty students who participated in GEAR UP. GEAR UP is a discretionary federal grant program designed to increase the number of low-income students who are prepared to enter and succeed in college. This study suggests that GEAR UP has a positive effect on students’ SE skills and thus on their overall college readiness. It also shows that lower-performing students displayed the greatest improvement in SE skills by the end of the study, closing the gap with higher-performing students. However, we did find that interventions take time to produce change. This is important to note in the current educational reform climate in which interventions are often attempted and abandoned within an academic year or less.
Regional low-temperature fluid flow indicated by quartz mineralization in Silesicum, NE Bohemian massif

The crystalline rocks of the Silesicum unit of the Bohemian Massif host two principal types of hydrothermal quartz veins. Veins associated with granitoids are primarily quartz with wollastonite and epidote and accompanied by hydrothermal alteration of host rocks whereas others are of the more complex “Alpine-type”. L + V + S (liquid + vapour + solid phase) fluid inclusions within quartz crystals contain muscovite and ± calcite (± haematite) as solid phases and homogenisation temperatures are between 124 and 176 °C. Trapped fluids are uniformly of the H2O–NaCl–CaCl2 ± MgCl2 ± KCl system with a salinity between 9.1 and 26.8 mass % (NaCl + CaCl2). The variable Na/Ca ratios result from different intensity of fluid-rock reactions. The ubiquitous muscovite is a product of fluid-rock interactions. Oxygen isotope evidence indicates that the fluids were a mixture of meteoric and marine waters in deep regional-scale convection systems. The studied type of fluids represents a post-Variscan hydrothermal system and shows the extent of migration pathways in the upper crust on the north-eastern edge of the Bohemian Massif.
How Gamification Affects Crowdsourcing: The Case of Amazon Mechanical Turk

Since its very first appearance the concept of crowdsourcing has undergone major variations, coming to include highly heterogeneous phenomena such as Google’s data mining, exchanges on sharing economy platforms (e.g. Airbnb or eBay), contents production within creative communities online (e.g. Wikipedia) and much more. If one assumes a very broad perspective, it is eventually possible to extend the category of crowdsourcing to cover whatsoever phenomena involving the participation of the crowd online, as in fact has been done. On the contrary, I will argue that crowdsourcing – and in particular its microwork branch – represents the specific practice of extending outsourcing processes to a large, low-cost, scalable and flexible workforce, in order to generate greater added value for a supply chain. To develop this analysis, I will especially focus on the case of Amazon Mechanical Turk, and on how the operations carried out on this platform are primarily intended to manage the huge flow of information which spans across a supply chain. The practice of subcontracting to the crowd tasks previously carried out by employees or third-party suppliers highlights how crowdsourcing involves a reshaping of the supply chain, further extending it to a large network of individuals. Through crowdsourcing processes, companies are either able to replace or train AI, integrating human computation skills in algorithmic structures through simple, and oftentimes tedious, microtasks. In this context, processes of gamification are capable to put further downward pressure on already small piece-wages, as long as crowdworkers are rather willing to earn an even lower economic compensation, if it’s associated to challenging tasks; thus, to make a task more enjoyable through gamification could be an effective way to further reduce a supply chain’s expenditures in crowdsourcing, pushing forward labor exploitation practices structurally embedded in this phenomenon.
Study on variability, relationships and path analysis for agro-morphological traits in elite wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm lines under Northern Hill Zone conditions

Article history: Received: 07 Aug., 2019 Revised: 22 Feb., 2020 Accepted: 05 Mar., 2020p: //doi.org/. Citation: Anubhav S, V Rana and HK Chaudhary 2020. Study on variability, relationships and path analysis for agromorphological traits in elite wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm lines under Northern Hill Zone conditions. Journal of Cereal Research 12(1):74-78. https://doi.org/10.25174/2582-2675/2020/92518 htt
Leaf recognition for accurate plant classification.

Plants are the most important living organisms on our planet because they are sources of energy and protect our planet against global warming. Botanists were the first scientist to design techniques for plant species recognition using leaves. Although many techniques for plant recognition using leaf images have been proposed in the literature, the precision and the quality of feature descriptors for shape, texture, and color remain the major challenges. This thesis investigates the precision of geometric shape features extraction and improved the determination of the Minimum Bounding Rectangle (MBR). The comparison of the proposed improved MBR determination method to Chaudhuri’s method is performed using Mean Absolute Error (MAE) generated by each method on each edge point of the MBR. On the top left point of the determined MBR, Chaudhuri’s method has the MAE value of 26.37 and the proposed method has the MAE value of 8.14. This thesis also investigates the use of the Convexity Measure of Polygons for the characterization of the degree of convexity of a given leaf shape. Promising results are obtained when using the Convexity Measure of Polygons combined with other geometric features to characterize leave images, and a classification rate of 92% was obtained with a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network classifier. After observing the limitations of the Convexity Measure of Polygons, a new shape feature called Convexity Moments of Polygons is presented in this thesis. This new feature has the invariant properties of the Convexity Measure of Polygons, but is more precise because it uses more than one value to characterize the degree of convexity of a given shape. Promising results are obtained when using the Convexity Moments of Polygons combined with other geometric features to characterize the leaf images and a classification rate of 95% was obtained with the Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network classifier. Leaf boundaries carry valuable information that can be used to distinguish between plant species. In this thesis, a new boundary-based shape characterization method called Sinuosity Coefficients is proposed. This method has been used in many fields of science like Geography to describe rivers meandering. The Sinuosity Coefficients is scale and translation invariant. Promising results are obtained when using Sinuosity Coefficients combined with other geometric features to characterize the leaf images, a classification rate of 80% was obtained with the Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network classifier. Finally, this thesis implements a model for plant classification using leaf images, where an input leaf image is described using the Convexity Moments, the Sinuosity Coefficients and the geometric features to generate a feature vector for the recognition of plant species using a Radial Basis Neural Network. With the model designed and implemented the overall classification rate of 97% was obtained.
Cheap Options Are Expensive

We show that options written on stocks with low prices are over-priced. This effect is robust to a variety of tests, controlling for common stock- and option- risk characteristics, and to reasonable transaction costs. Natural experiments corroborate this finding; options tend to become relatively more expensive following stock splits; and options on mini-indices are overpriced relative to options written on otherwise identical regular-priced indices. Our evidence suggests that (less sophisticated) retail investors consider options with low underlying prices as good deals due to low prices of such options. Demand pressure from these investors leads to option overpricing.
Differences in financial performance between various categories of hotels in the Visegrad Group countries

Under market economy, financial health of businesses is one of the main determinants in achieving business objectives and building a competitive advantage. The objective of the study is to evaluate differences in the selected financial indicators across the categories of hotels in the Visegrad Group countries. This objective was achieved by testing these differences in the selected financial indicators (CF, EVA, ROE, ROCE, ROA, ROS and many others) for various hotel categories (twoto five-star hotels). Hotel category data (stars) were collected from Booking.com, financial outcomes were obtained directly from the financial statements of the analysed hotels. Testing of differences was carried out by non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon test). Statistically Received: September, 2019 1st Revision: January, 2020 Accepted: May, 2020 DOI: 10.14254/20718330.2020/13-2/19 Journal of International Studies S ci en ti fi c P a pe rs © Foundation of International Studies, 2020 © CSR, 2020 Journal of International Studies Vol.13, No.2, 2020 280 significant differences were found in CF, EVA, ROS, Profit margin, EBITDA margin, EBIT margin, Solvency ratio Asset, Turnover time, Current Liabilities Turnover. The outputs of the analyses reveal that hotels of a higher category show better financial outputs. Therefore, in order to increase their financial performance, lower category hotels should be inspired and focused on the activities of higher category hotels. The study points to the fact that the variable of hotel category should be taken into account in any analytical processes focused on the financial health of hotels.
A conceptual justification and a strategy to advance community-based tourism development

Inequality is growing across the globe. Tourism, as a major global sector with exceptional historical potential for growth and reach, is capable of substantially contributing to the fight against inequality. However, the current system is not doing so. This article, therefore, argues that community-based tourism (CBT) could equally contribute to reducing inequality and complement efforts towards redistribution. Based on extant literature and documents, this article aims to contribute knowledge on the relationship between tourism and development by justifying the CBT approach as one that favours redistribution. The article makes recommendations in support of the shift towards CBT principles.
The Myth of the Lead Arranger’s Share

We make use of Shared National Credit Program (SNC) data to examine syndicated loans in which the lead arranger retains no stake. We find that the lead arranger sells its entire loan share for 27 percent of term loans and 48 percent of Term B loans, typically shortly after syndication. In contrast to existing asymmetric information theories on the role of the lead share, we find that loans that are sold are less likely to become non-performing in the future. This result is robust to several different measures of loan performance and is reflected in subsequent secondary market prices. We explore syndicated loan underwriting risk as an alternative theory that may help explain this result.
The analysis of problem-based learning implementation and its effect on students creative innovative skills in solving rainbow antimagic coloring based on cognitive style

This study aims to determine the application of problem based learning and its effect on students’ creative innovative skills in solving rainbow antimagic coloring based on cognitive style. This study used mixed method which combination of qualitative and quantitative research method. This study used research subjects of 41 students in the experiment class and 32 students in the control class who were students in 3rd semester. Qualitative method is applied to analysis students’ creative innovative skills which used data from test result and phase portraits results while quantitative method is used to statistical analysis. There were differences between control and experiment class when it was given a treatment. In control class used conventional learning while in experiment class, we used problem based learning. The statistical result indicates that the sig (2-tailed) significance of the independent sample t-test in post-test was 0.000 or α ≤ 0.05. it can be concluded that there is an effect of used problem based learning in creative innovative skills on solving rainbow antimagic coloring.
LPM: a latent probit model to characterize the relationship among complex traits using summary statistics from multiple GWASs and functional annotations

Much effort has been made toward understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits and diseases. Recent results from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) suggest the importance of regulatory genetic effects and pervasive pleiotropy among complex traits. In this study, we propose a unified statistical approach, aiming to characterize relationship among complex traits, and prioritize risk variants by leveraging regulatory information collected in functional annotations. Specifically, we consider a latent probit model (LPM) to integrate summary-level GWAS data and functional annotations. The developed computational framework not only makes LPM scalable to hundreds of annotations and phenotypes, but also ensures its statistically guaranteed accuracy. Through comprehensive simulation studies, we evaluated LPM’s performance and compared it with related methods. Then we applied it to analyze 44 GWASs with nine genic category annotations and 127 cell-type specific functional annotations. The results demonstrate the benefits of LPM and gain insights of genetic architecture of complex traits. The LPM package is available at https://github.com/mingjingsi/LPM.
Affect and Autocracy: Emotions and Attitudes in Russia after Crimea

Our understanding of modern authoritarianism lacks a satisfying explanation for the genuine popularity of autocrats. While most of the literature on authoritarianism focuses on coercion, institutional manipulation, or clientelism, many contemporary autocrats clearly enjoy enthusiastic support even in times of economic stagnation or decline. We argue that part of the solution lies in unpacking the role of emotions in building support for rulers. Drawing on a unique panel survey conducted shortly before and after Russia’s annexation of Crimea, we discover that the resulting “rally” around the authoritarian flag involves much more than simply support for the leader or a simple increase in nationalism. Rather, we witness a broad shift in respondents’ emotional orientation. Driven by the shared experience of the Crimean “moment,” this shift improves people’s evaluation of their social, political, and economic surroundings in the present, the future—and even the past. The result is a new explanation of the nonmaterial means through which autocrats may succeed in bolstering their legitimacy.
Social learning through associative processes: a computational theory

Social transmission of information is a key phenomenon in the evolution of behavior and in the establishment of traditions and culture. The diversity of social learning phenomena has engendered a diverse terminology and numerous ideas about underlying learning mechanisms, at the same time that some researchers have called for a unitary analysis of social learning in terms of associative processes. Leveraging previous attempts and a recent computational formulation of associative learning, we analyze the following learning scenarios in some generality: learning responses to social stimuli, including learning to imitate; learning responses to non-social stimuli; learning sequences of actions; learning to avoid danger. We conceptualize social learning as situations in which stimuli that arise from other individuals have an important role in learning. This role is supported by genetic predispositions that either cause responses to social stimuli or enable social stimuli to reinforce specific responses. Our explorations show that, when guided by such predispositions, associative processes can give rise to a wide variety of social learning phenomena, such as stimulus and local enhancement, contextual imitation and simple production imitation, observational conditioning, and social and response facilitation. In addition, we clarify how associative mechanisms can result in transfer of information and behavior from experienced to naïve individuals.
Somatotopic Organization of the Mammalian Pain System and Developmental Mechanisms

Commonly, different regions of sensory maps are used to meet separate functional requirements. For the somatosensory system (which mediates sensation from the skin including touch, pain, and related modalities), the distal limbs have special behavioral importance for exploration and object manipulation. Accordingly, the hands and fingertips show heightened sensitivity for both touch and pain sensation in human subjects. In contrast to the touch system, the neural mechanisms for region-specific pain sensation are poorly understood. Despite over a century of research into the neural basis of pain, past work has not clearly defined the functional organization of the pain system across the body (somatotopic) map. In Chapter 2, we use a novel genetic mouse line to map the organization of one major class of mammalian pain-sensory neurons (the Mrgprd+ non-peptidergic nociceptors) across the body map. While we find no obvious peripheral mechanisms for high sensitivity in the distal limbs (mouse plantar paw skin has a low density of Mrgprd+ terminals, and single-cell arbor areas are comparable between paw and trunk skin), we reveal a novel regionspecific organization in the spinal cord terminal arbors of these neurons. Specifically, paw and trunk neurons grow ‘round’ and ‘long’ arbor morphologies, respectively, such that paw neurons have a wider mediolateral spread in the spinal cord. We show that this region-specific morphology closely correlates with increased signal transmission for paw pain circuits. We conclude that region-specific organization of Mrgprd+ spinal cord terminals provides a possible mechanism for the high pain sensitivity of the distal limbs. In Chapter 3, we investigate potential developmental mechanisms for region-specific arbor morphologies. Disruption of peripheral target innervation does not alter their central arbor morphologies, suggesting that this central somatotopic difference develops independent of cues/processes from the periphery. However, this difference is present from very early developmental stages, suggesting that pre-programming mechanisms might govern this somatotopic pattern. Collectively, this work reveals that region-specific organization is a fundamental principle for the pain system with clear implications for our understanding of pain in both normal and pathological conditions. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Neuroscience First Advisor Wenqin Luo