Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal and Spatial Trends in a Long-Term Study of Gas-Phase PCB Concentrations near the Great Lakes

Atmospheric concentrations of gas-phase polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured at three sites near the Great Lakes as part of the Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN). Air samples were collected every 12 days beginning in November 1990. Mean yearly values ranged from 89 to 370 pg/m3. Concentrations at the more urban site near Lake Erie (Sturgeon Point) were about two times higher than concentrations at the two more remote sites near Lake Superior (Eagle Harbor) and Lake Michigan (Sleeping Bear Dunes). Multiple regression analysis was used to relate atmospheric PCB concentrations to meteorological conditions. As expected, atmospheric temperature had a very significant effect on gas-phase PCB concentrations. Including wind speed and wind direction in the regression analysis improved the predicted values only slightly. Atmospheric levels of PCBs have remained unchanged as a function of time near Lake Superior but have declined slightly over time near Lakes Michigan and Erie. The rate cons.
Temperature trends in the midlatitude summer mesosphere

We have performed trend studies in the mesosphere in the period 1961–2009 with Leibniz‐Institute Middle Atmosphere (LIMA) model driven by European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis below approximately 40 km and adapts temporal variations of CO2 and O3 according to observations. Temperatures in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere vary nonuniformly with time, mainly due to the influence of O3. Here we analyze the contribution of varying concentrations of CO2 and O3 to the temperature trend in the mesosphere. It is important to distinguish between trends on pressure altitudes, zp, and geometrical altitudes, zgeo, where the latter includes the effect of shrinking due to cooling at lower heights. For the period 1961–2009, temperature trends on geometrical and pressure altitudes can differ by as much as −0.9 K/dec in the mesosphere. Temperature trends reach approximately −1.3±0.11 K/dec at zp∼60 km and −1.8±0.18 K/dec at zgeo∼70 km, respectively. CO2 is the main driver of these trends in the mesosphere, whereas O3 contributes approximately one third, both on geometrical and pressure heights. Depending on the time period chosen, linear temperature trends can vary substantially. Altitudes of pressure levels in the mesosphere decrease by up to several hundred meters. We have performed long‐term runs with LIMA applying twentieth century reanalysis dating back to 1871. Again, trends are nonuniform with time. Since the late nineteenth century, temperatures in the mesosphere have dropped by approximately 5–7 K on pressure altitudes and up to 10–12 K on geometrical altitudes.
The Practice of Sustainable Tourism : Resolving the Paradox

Sustainable tourism is a widely used term that has accumulated considerable attention from researchers and policy makers over the past two decades. However, there is still an apparently wide gap between theory and practice in the area. Recent scholarly research has tended to focus on niche areas of alternative tourism rather than address the broader issues and vagaries and paradoxes that appear to plague the broader notion of sustainable tourism. As such, there is a need for a new and pragmatic analysis of sustainable tourism as an overarching idea and how this manifests in practice. The Business of Sustainable Tourism fulfils this need by offering a fresh perspective on sustainable tourism as an umbrella concept with inherent tensions. It presents a way of thinking about tourism based on the notion of finding common ground using the dialectic tradition of philosophy. Dialectics focusses on resolving opposing viewpoints by recognising they have common elements that can be combined into a rational and practical solution over time. As part of this approach, the book examines the strongly apparent tensions within alternative tourism as well as the paradox of continuing growth and other mass tourism related issues. It is divided into three parts, Part I includes chapters discussing the general concept of sustainable tourism, its history, current status and possible futures; Part II includes a range of destination case studies exploring how sustainable tourism has been applied and Part III includes perspectives from the tourism operator view. Given the international content and challenging themes, the book will be appealing internationally to students, researchers and academics in the fields of tourism, geography, sustainability and social science.
APPLICATIONS OF THE FUGLEDE-KADISON DETERMINANT: SZEGÖ’S THEOREM AND OUTERS FOR NONCOMMUTATIVE H p

We first extend properties of the Fuglede-Kadison determinant on a finite von Neumann algebra M to L p (M), any p > 0. Using this we give several useful variants of the noncommutative Szegö theorem for L p (M), including the one usually attributed to Kolmogorov and Krein. As applications, we generalize the noncommutative Jensen inequality, and generalize many of the classical results concerning outer functions (including the elegant classical criteria for inner-outer factorizations), to the noncommutative H p context.
The Effects of Workplace Spirituality on Employee Engagement And Organizational Citizenship Behavior

This study aims at examining the influence of workplace spirituality to employee engagement, and organizational citizenship behavior in three Technical Implementing Units of The Ministry of Education and Culture in West Nusa Tenggara. This research is a quantitative research with a causal approach. The population of this research is all employees at LPMP NTB, BP Paud and Dikmas NTB, and NTB Language Office as many as 150 people. The Data are collected using questionnaires. There are 126 returned questionnaires with the rate of return is by 84 percent. Data received through online and offline are analyzed using SmartPLS Version 3 software. The results show that workplace spirituality had positive and significant effect on the employee engagement and organizational citizenship behavior. The employee engagement also shows positive and significant influence on organizational citizenship behavior among civil servants in the three Technical Implementing Units of The Ministry of Education and Culture in West Nusa Tenggara.
Influence of the hydrologic regime on resource availability in a semi‐arid stream‐riparian corridor

The hydrologic regime of an ecosystem directly affects ecological processes by controlling water availability, but may also have indirect effects by influencing resource availability. To clarify interactions between the hydrologic regime and resource availability, we quantified the timescales over which precipitation and discharge correlated with abundance of dissolved carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the stream–riparian corridor of the San Pedro River, a large desert river. We hypothesized that the hydrologic regime drives regimes of resource availability during flushing events caused by variation in source areas of run‐off generation. We also hypothesized that seasonal droughts may result in accumulation of resources within the catchment. Such accumulations would contribute to high solute concentrations in receiving waters following dry periods. To test these hypotheses, we compiled seasonal datasets over 4–6 years and used regression analyses to determine the temporal extents at which solute concentrations and transformations were correlated with precipitation and stream discharge. Concentrations of most biologically reactive solutes were unrelated to precipitation or discharge, suggesting overlapping influences of myriad biological and transport processes probably operating on event or shorter timescales. Concentration of phosphate [soluble reactive phosphate (SRP)], NO3−: SRP, and NO3−: NH4+ in the stream were positively correlated with precipitation abundance over weeks and up to 2 months, supporting the flushing hypothesis. Microbial processes in floodplain soils responded to precipitation and discharge, suggesting that biological processes may mediate relationships between hydrology and resource availability. In this large, semi‐arid catchment, resource availability is linked to hydrology via hydrologic transport, flowpath characteristics, and biotic processing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Executive Leadership: Requisite Skills and Developmental Processes for Three- and Four-Star Assignments

Abstract : This report describes the investigation of work and skill requirements for three- and four-star general officers. Researchers conducted structured interviews and performed a content analysis to describe the nature of three- and four-star assignments, career paths, and developmental patterns. Requisite skills included consensus building, envisioning, climate setting, self-evaluating, sharing frames of reference, risk taking, and dealing with uncertainty. Implications for executive development are described in terms of level-specific organizational and individual requirements. Executive development, Stratified systems theory, Leadership skills, Career paths, General officers, SST.
High Levels of Circulating Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressive-Like Cells Are Associated With the Primary Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Exploratory Analysis

Background Immunotherapy has become the standard of care for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Some patients experience primary resistance to immunotherapy. Currently, we lack a marker of resistance to immunotherapy. Myeloid-derived suppressive-like cells (MDSCs) can reduce tumor response rate and survival outcomes. Methods This is an exploratory prospective observational study on metastatic NSCLC patients starting immunotherapy. Baseline peripheral blood samples were collected. Monocytic (M)-MDSCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. The main clinical outcomes were tumor response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The association between MDSC levels and tumor response was assessed. The association of PFS with OS was investigated using the Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model. Results Twenty-two patients were included. The median M-MDSC value was higher in patients with progressive disease than patients with stable disease or partial response, p = 0.045. The median MDSC value in the overall population was 1.9. We found worse PFS (HR = 2.51; p = 0.046) and OS (HR = 2.68; p = 0.042) in patients with M-MDSC values higher than the median. Conclusions In this exploratory analysis, high M-MDSC levels are strongly associated with primary resistance to immunotherapy. If validated in larger studies, MDSC levels in blood samples could help to select NSCLC patients for higher benefit from immunotherapy.
Early Detection and Intervention in Audiology

Early intervention (EI) is vital in ensuring children and their families are provided with the necessary support to reach their maximum potential. These services are particularly important in children who are considered at risk for developmental delay as a lack of intervention may have negative consequences on development, school readiness, educational outcomes and vocational opportunities. This chapter deliberates on models of care and their link to early childhood intervention (ECI), with a specific focus on the principles of intervention for children with hearing impairment. A discussion of the different approaches to service delivery of EI is provided, paying careful attention to contextual factors that might influence the intervention process. Considerations around educational access for children with disability in sub-Saharan Africa are highlighted. Lastly, solutions and recommendations for EI for hearing impairment in the South African context are put forward.
REDUCED TEICHMÜLLER SPACESO

Introduction. This paper falls naturally into three parts. In the first, §§1-5, we define and study the reduced Teichmüller space T#{T) of a normalized Fuchsian group T. For a group T of the first kind, T#{T) coincides with the Teichmüller space T(r), and our results are for the most part restatements of results of Bers [6], [8]. For a group F of the second kind, T#{T) coincides with the space S(r) which we studied in [10], and our results continue the research begun in that paper. In the second part . of the paper, §§6-7, we study the finite dimensional spaces T#{T). We show in particular that T#{T) has finite dimension if and only if T is finitely generated. In the final section, we study the reduced Teichmüller space of a Riemann surface. The debt which this paper owes to the work of Ahlfors and Bers is obvious. The author is especially grateful to Professor Ahlfors for introducing him to the study of Teichmüller spaces.
THORAXJNL140913-157602 630..635

REFERENCES 1. Moore RP, Berlowitz DJ, Denehy L, et al. A randomised trial of domiciliary, ambulatory oxygen in patients with COPD and dyspnoea but without resting hypoxaemia. Thorax 2011;66:32e7. 2. Nonoyama ML, Brooks D, Guyatt GH, et al. Effect of oxygen on health quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with transient exertional hypoxemia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;176:343e6. 3. McDonald CF, Blyth CM, Lazarus MD, et al. Exertional oxygen of limited benefit in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mild hypoxemia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:1616e19. 4. Garcia-Talavera I, Hernández C, Macario C, et al. Time to desaturation in the 6-min walking distance test predicts 24-hour oximetry in COPD patients with a PO2 between 60 and 70 mm Hg. Respir Med 2008;102:1026e32.
Development and validation of the short Use of Creative Cognition Scale in studying

This paper reports the development and validation of a short Use of Creative Cognition Scale in studying (UCCS) that was inspired by the Cognitive Processes Associated with Creativity (CPAC) scale. In Study 1, items from two of the six subscales of the CPAC were excluded due to conceptual and psychometric issues to create a 21-item CPAC scale, which was administered to 517 university students. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the 21-item CPAC scale is unidimensional. Five items were selected to create the new unidimensional UCCS. In Study 2, 696 students completed the UCCS and a set of scales measuring related constructs. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the unidimensional structure of the scale. The scale correlated positively with measures of flow, trait intrinsic motivation, adaptive metacognitive traits and positive affect, it correlated negatively with negative affect, and it did not correlate with core maladaptive metacognitive traits. The findings indicate that the scale is a valid and reliable tool for research and monitoring.
Radar measurements of the electromagnetic energy rates associated with the Dynamic Ionospheric Load/Generator

High resolution incoherent‐scatter radar measurements from Sondrestrom, Greenland, are used to evaluate the energy characteristics of the dynamic load/generator throughout the high‐latitude E region. The measurements provide a unique view of E‐region electrodynamics and show for the first time the E‐region processes that dictate ionospheric load/generator behavior. Also, the energy rate associated with the, often assumed, passive ionospheric load is shown for two extended periods of observations to be an overestimate of the actual energy transfer rate, typically by more than a factor of 1.5 for these data. The distribution and partitioning of the energy transfer rate into Joule heating and mechanical energy rates is also evaluated throughout the E region with both showing an altitude‐dependent influence on the energy rates associated with the net load. These estimated quantities provide significant insight into understanding the contributing factors involved in the net transfer of electromagnetic energy between the ionosphere and magnetosphere.
Living on the “edge of the suburbs” of Vancouver: A case study of the housing experiences and coping strategies of recent immigrants in Surrey and Richmond

This study examines the housing experiences and coping strategies of low-income recent immigrants in Richmond and Surrey, two fast-growing outer suburbs of Vancouver where the immigrant population has increased rapidly in the last two decades and where there is a limited supply of affordable rental housing, including public and social housing. The study draws on data from seven focus groups with 88 recent immigrant renters and interviews with 15 key stakeholders, conducted in Vancouver, Richmond, and Surrey in 2010. The evidence indicates that these newly arrived immigrants face numerous difficulties in the rental housing market, such as high rents, overcrowding, and poor-quality housing. Most of these immigrants were spending more than half of their monthly household income on housing, putting them at risk of homelessness. The study's findings suggest that the housing crisis affecting Surrey and Richmond—due to a limited supply of affordable rental housing and high housing costs—makes these two cities challenging regions of Vancouver for newcomers to settle in. Resume Dans cette etude, sont examinees les experiences de logement et les strategies d'adaptation d'immigrants recents a faible revenu a Richmond et Surrey, deux grands quartiers peripheriques de Vancouver en croissance rapide ou la population immigrante a connu une augmentation rapide dans les deux dernieres decennies et ou l'offre de logement locatif abordable est limitee, y compris les logements publics et sociaux. L'etude s'appuie sur des donnees tirees de sept groupes de discussion avec 88 locataires issus de l'immigration recente et des entretiens realises au cours de 2010 aupres de 15 principaux intervenants a Vancouver, Richmond et Surrey. Selon les informations recueillies, les nouveaux immigrants rencontrent de nombreuses difficultes dans le marche du logement locatif, telles que des loyers trop chers, des conditions de surpeuplement et des logements delabres. La plupart de ces immigrants depensaient plus de la moitie du revenu mensuel du menage pour se loger, ce qui pouvait etre un facteur les conduisant vers l'itinerance. A la suite de cette etude, il est possible d'etablir que, compte tenu de la crise du logement qui sevit a Surrey et Richmond en raison d'une offre limitee de logements locatifs abordables et des couts eleves pour se loger, ces deux villes constituent des regions de Vancouver presentant de grands defis pour les nouveaux arrivants qui souhaitent s'y installer.
Modeling bimolecular reactions and transport in porous media

We quantitatively account for the measured concentration profile from a laboratory experiment of bimolecular (A + B → C) reactive transport in a porous medium with a particle tracking (PT) model. The PT results are in contrast to the analytical solution of the continuum scale advection‐dispersion‐reaction equation, which results in an excess quantity of reaction product (C). The approaches differ in the treatment of the mixing zone, the fluctuations due to the low reactant concentrations, and the localized nature of the reaction. The PT can accommodate a range of transport modes with different temporal distributions. An exponential temporal distribution is equivalent to Fickian transport, which we use for the comparison to the laboratory data; a truncated power‐law (TPL) temporal distribution yields a non‐Fickian transport characteristic of heterogeneous media. We study the influence of disorder on the mixing zone and the product concentration profiles via these contrasting transport modes.
Regional, extreme daily precipitation in NARCCAP simulations

Extreme precipitation is a key topic in climate research. As the environment continues its steady increase in temperatures through increased greenhouse-gas emissions, conditions become more favorable for storm development that produce extreme events. This can have devastating effects in the upper Mississippi region, where agriculture dominates the regional economy. To understand trends in extreme precipitation events of future climates, using climate models becomes essential. Because extreme precipitation events predominantly occur through relatively small-scale dynamics, the coarser resolution of global climate models (GCMs) is unable to capture fully such events. Therefore, regional climate models (RCMs) with higher resolution are used to simulate and investigate these events. In order to gain confidence in the models’ ability to simulate future extreme events, we compare model simulations of contemporary climate with observations to determine if simulated extremes are occurring in conditions similar to the observed. The overall objective of this work is to evaluate model performances from contemporary simulations by RCMs participating in the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP). For comparison, we also examine output from a time-slice GCM of comparable resolution and a coarser atmosphere-ocean GCM. This work focuses on the upper Mississippi region for the winter season (December-JanuaryFebruary), when it is assumed that resolved synoptic circulation governs precipitation, comparing 18 years of simulations with observations.
Analysis of the Labor Income of Young Americans in Mexico

Using data from the 2015 Intercensal Survey and the 2010 and 2000 censuses, this study analyzes the labor characteristics of young Americans between the ages of 15 and 29 in Mexico and shows that their wages have been higher than those of Mexican workers of the same age group, although differentials have decreased over time. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition exercises indicate that the unexplained part of the differential is the main determinant of labor outcomes in favor of migrants. We also include a time-fixed effects analysis, stratified by nationality, to control changes in the characteristics of different migrant cohorts and show that the wage advantage of young American workers exists and has decreased through time.
Uncovering the core microbiome and distributions of palmerolide in Synoicum adareanum across 2 the Island Antarctica

: Polar marine ecosystems hold the potential for bioactive compound biodiscovery, based 19 on their untapped macro- and microorganismal diversity. Characterization of polar benthic marine 20 invertebrate-associated microbiomes is limited to few studies. This study was motivated by our 21 interest in better understanding the microbiome structure and composition of the ascidian, Synoicum 22 adareanum , in which the bioactive macrolide that has specific activity to melanoma, palmerolide A 23 (PalA), was found. PalA bears structural resemblance to a combined nonribosomal peptide 24 polyketide, that has similarities to microbially-produced macrolides. We conducted a spatial survey 25 to assess both PalA levels and microbiome composition in S. adareanum in a region of the Antarctic 26 Peninsula near Anvers Island (64° 46'S, 64° 03'W). PalA was ubiquitous and abundant across a 27 collection of 21 ascidians (3 subsamples each) sampled from seven sites across the Anvers Island 28 archipelago. The microbiome composition (V3-V4 16S rRNA gene sequence variants) of these 63 29 samples revealed a core suite of 21 bacteria, 20 of which were distinct from regional 30 bacterioplankton. Co-occurrence analysis yielded several potentially interacting subsystems and, 31 although the levels of PalA detected were not found to correlate with specific sequence variants, the 32 core members appeared to occur in a preferred optimum and tolerance range of PalA levels. Taking 33 these results together with an analysis of biosynthetic potential of related microbiome taxa indicates 34 a core microbiome with substantial promise for natural product biosynthesis that likely interact with 35 the host and with each other.