Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational Methods for Scheduling the Charging and Assignment of an On-Site Shared Electric Vehicle Fleet

We investigate a fleet scheduling problem arising when a company has to manage its own fleet of electric vehicles. Aim is to assign given usage reservations to these vehicles and to devise a suitable charging plan for all vehicles while minimizing a cost function. We formulate the problem as a compact mixed integer linear program, which we strengthen in several ways. As this model is hard to solve in practice, we perform a Benders decomposition, which separates the problem into a master problem and a subproblem and solves them iteratively in an alternating manner. We perform the decomposition in two different ways. First we follow a more classical way, then we enrich the master problem making it stronger but also more complex and the subproblem smaller and simpler to solve. To improve the overall performance, we propose a problem-specific General Variable Neighborhood Search metaheuristic for solving the master problem in earlier iterations. Experimental results show that directly solving the complete mixed integer linear program usually performs well for small to some medium sized problem instances. For larger instances, however, it is not able to find any reasonable primal solutions anymore, while the Benders decomposition scales much better. Especially the variant with the heuristic delivers high quality solutions in reasonable time. The Benders decomposition with the more complex master problem also yields reasonable dual bounds and thus practically relevant quality guarantees for the larger instances.
Solving Fermat-type equations $x^4 + d y^2 = z^p$ via modular Q-curves over polyquadratic fields

We solve the diophantine equations x^4 + d y^2 = z^p for d=2 and d=3 and any prime p>349 and p>131 respectively. The method consists in generalizing the ideas applied by Frey, Ribet and Wiles in the solution of Fermat's Last Theorem, and by Ellenberg in the solution of the equation x^4 + y^2 = z^p, and we use Q-curves, modular forms and inner twists. In principle our method can be applied to solve this type of equations for other values of d.
Frequency distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in Iraqi patients

Infection with the hepatitis B virus can lead to asymptomatic carrier status, developing into severe chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Ten genotypes (A-J) and 46 sub-genotypes have been discovered. As a result, the current study was conducted to determine HBV genotypes in Iraqi patients. RT-PCR was used to determine the highest viral load in infected subjects and then used for screening HBV genotyping. The results showed that HBV genotype distribution among HBV infected patients was as follows: genotypes C, A, B, and D (8.5%, 5%, 4.3%, and 2.1%, respectively). In addition, the value of the viral load was higher with genotype C compared to A, B, and D HBV genotyping. This study concluded that mono-genotypes prevalent in patients infected with HBV and genotype C were more prevalent. In addition to the existence of a relationship between viral load and genotyping.
The effect of mechanical stirring on buoyancy-driven circulations

The theoretical analysis of the energetics of mechanically-stirred horizontal convection for a Boussinesq fluid yields the formula: G(APE) = \gamma_{mixing} G(KE) + (1+\gamma_{mixing}) W_{r,laminar} where G(APE) and G(KE) are the work rate done by the buoyancy and mechanical forcing respectively, \gamma_{mixing} is the mixing efficiency, and W_{r,laminar} is the background rate of increase in gravitational potential energy due to molecular diffusion. The formula shows that mechanical stirring can easily induce a very strong buoyancy-driven overturning cell (meaning a large G(APE)) even for a relatively low mixing efficiency, whereas this is only possible in absence of mechanical stirring if \gamma_{mixing} >> 1. Moreover, the buoyancy-driven overturning becomes mechanically controlled when $\gamma_{mixing} G(KE) >> (1+\gamma_{mixing}) W_{r,laminar}$. This result explains why the buoyancy-driven overturning cell in the laboratory experiments by \cite{Whitehead2008} is amplified by the lateral motions of a stirring rod. The formula implies that the thermodynamic efficiency of the ocean heat engine, far from being negligibly small as is commonly claimed, might in fact be as large as can be thanks to the stirring done by the wind and tides. These ideas are further illustrated by means of idealised numerical experiments. A non-Boussinesq extension of the above formula is also given.
Improved response inhibition induced by attentional capture is associated with physical activity

The ability to stop a response promptly when a stop signal is presented is named response inhibition. It is generally accepted that the process of response inhibition requires a subject to pay attention to the stop instruction and then cancel the action. A wealth of converging evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) can promote response inhibition, but the potential contributions of attentional capture to the relationship between PA and response inhibition are currently unknown. In this study, the standard stop-signal task (SST) and two novel versions of the SST were used to solve this gap. A total of 58 college students were divided into a higher PA group and a lower PA group, respectively. In Experiment 1, the classical SST determined that the participants in the higher PA group displayed a significantly faster stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) than those in the lower PA group. Experiment 2 separated the attentional capture in the SST and revealed that the participants in the higher PA group could detect the signal faster than those in the lower PA group. Experiment 3 further added a stop signal to Experiment 2 and demonstrated that the participants in the higher PA group could more effectively deploy attentional resources to complete the task. Overall, these findings indicate that PA is positively associated with response inhibition and that the positive relationship is associated with effective allocation of attentional resources for faster attentional capture.
The Effects of Mind–Body Exercises on Chronic Spinal Pain Outcomes: A Synthesis Based on 72 Meta-Analyses

An umbrella review of systematic reviews with a meta-analysis was developed to summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of qigong, tai chi, and yoga in chronic spinal pain outcomes. The CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases were searched. Pain, psychological factors, and quality of life (QOL) were the outcomes of interest. The methodological quality of the reviews was evaluated using the AMSTAR-2 tool. The overlap was calculated using the corrected covered area. A total of 72 meta-analyses drawn from 20 systematic reviews were included and often were rated at a critically low quality. The effects of qigong on chronic low back and neck pain (CLBP and CNP, respectively) were inconsistent, although it improved the physical component of QOL after 12 weeks for CNP. Tai chi was superior to the controls in reducing CLBP; no reviews of interest were found on CNP. Yoga was superior to multiple controls in reducing CLBP, but no relevant effects on depression or QOL were found. QOL, anxiety, depression, and general mood improved with yoga for CNP. Inconsistencies arose related to yoga and CNP. Our findings mainly supported the potential effects of yoga and tai chi on pain-related outcomes, psychological factors, and QOL in populations with CLBP and NP. Clinical and methodological considerations were discussed.
Diversity, distribution, and abundance status of small mammalian fauna (Chiroptera: Rodentia: Eulipotyphla) of Manipur, India

The three mammalian orders Chiroptera, Rodentia, and Eulipotyphla constitute the bulk of small mammalian species. In spite of their diversity, numerical preponderance, and widespread distribution, they are the least explored mammals with serious information gap on the diversity and distribution especially in the context of northeastern India. To partially fill this crucial information gap, we conducted two extensive field surveys covering nine districts of Manipur state during 2019 and 2021 resulting in the collection of 62 examples of these groups. Besides, 12 additional examples of bats and shrews from Manipur deposited at the North Eastern Regional Centre (NERC) of ZSI, Shillong and two specimens of rodents deposited in Manipur University in recent times were also examined. Based on these voucher records and field evidences, we report the presence of 38 species of small mammals from the state including 27 species of bats, 10 species of rodents and one species of shrew. Out of these, 12 species of bats have been recorded for the first time from the state. It is expected that the present inventory will expand with further surveys as fossorial rodents and shrews were not adequately sampled during the present studies.
Buildings and welfare

If welfare stigma depends upon social attitudes, only the neediest apply for welfare when they can more easily be seen to do so. Using GoogleMaps' ‘StreetView' feature, this article finds that the approval rate of applications for social assistance is higher in welfare offices with building characteristics that enhance the visibility of entry. A fitting explanation for this finding is that persons looking for social assistance dislike being thought of as ‘welfare cases', and apply more conservatively when others can see it. The effects decline in the rate of poverty, suggesting that the self-reliance norm weakens as poverty increases.
Suppressive Effects of Turmeric Extract on Muscle Atrophy in Dexamethasone-Treated Mice and Myotubes

Sarcopenia is the decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and functions, which decreases the quality of life in elderly people. This study investigated the suppressive effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract (TE) on muscle atrophy in dexamethasone (DEX)-treated mice and C2C12 myotubes. DEX treatment significantly decreased the muscle weight and significantly increased Fbxo32 and Murf1 expression in mice, and these changes were suppressed by the supplementation of an AIN-93 based diet with 2% TE. A similar pattern was observed in FBXO32 and MuRF1 protein expression. In C2C12 myotubes, DEX treatment significantly increased FBXO32 and MuRF1 gene and protein expression, and these increases were significantly suppressed by TE supplementation at a concentration of 200 µg/mL. Furthermore, one of the five TE fractions, which were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography had a similar effect with TE supplementation. The present study proposes the suppressive effect of turmeric on sarcopenia.
Oscillations of a gas pocket on a liquid-covered solid surface

The dynamic response of a gas bubble entrapped in a cavity on the surface of a submerged solid subject to an acoustic field is investigated in the linear approximation. We derive semi-analytical expressions for the resonance frequency, damping, and interface shape of the bubble. For the liquid phase, we consider two limit cases: potential flow and unsteady Stokes flow. The oscillation frequency and interface shape are found to depend on two dimensionless parameters: the ratio of the gas stiffness to the surface tension stiffness, and the Ohnesorge number, representing the relative importance of viscous forces. We perform a parametric study and show, among others, that an increase in the gas pressure or a decrease in the surface tension leads to an increase in the resonance frequency until an asymptotic value is reached.
Liking What You See: A Study on the Motives Behind Instagram Likes

The world has never been more connected than it is today and one key contributor to that fact is the growth of social networking sites. With the sum of about 4.2 billion active users, more than half of the human population, social networking sites have become a highway for information. From holding private conversations to appreciating others’ posts, social media users leave crumbs of information – one of which is a “Like”. ‘Like’ carries a plethora of information, and decoding it offers invaluable insight. This research aims to study the motives behind the act of ‘Liking’ an Instagram post. Following the data collection, an analysis using Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory will be carried out. With it, the researcher concluded that the motives behind ‘Liking’ an Instagram posts are to manage relationship, form an identity, state affinity, provide support, and prompt similar behavior.Keywords: Social media, Instagram, Instagram Like, Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), Motives
Assessment of factors associated with the refusal of recommended thricea weekdialysis in CKD patients: Reality Vs.Recommendations

In developing countries like Pakistan, it is observed that the patients who are on dialysis do not follow the prescribed frequency of dialysis which has increased the morbidity, mortality, and burden on nephrology emergencies. To identify the most common factors associated with the refusal of recommended thrice-a-week dialysis. This observational study was carried out between June 1 and August 14, 2022, in the Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis at the Services Hospital Lahore. The WHO calculator (version 1.1) was used to determine the sample size of 137. The patients in this study comprised those on maintenance twice-weekly hemodialysis who were anuric and advised for thrice-weekly dialysis but declined it. The senior faculty of the nephrology unit created a form with demographic information and a questionnaire to evaluate the likely reasons. The reason was categorized into three categories including socioeconomic psychology and healthcare-related factors. Using the program SPSS, the data was examined (V. 25). Mean and median were used to describe quantitative factors, and frequency or percentage were used to convey qualitative data. Based on the inclusion criteria, a total of 137 people were included in this study. 62% of the sample in our study were men. Our cohort's median age was 49.54 ± 9.50 years. 52% of the participants were in the 36 to 55 age range. 68 % of the patients who declined three times weekly dialysis were married. Only 28% of patients had higher education, while only 46% had a high school diploma and 19% had none at all. 71% of the people in our research were employed, yet the majority made less than twenty thousand PKR per month. Among the healthcare-related factors, the most common factor was the unavailability of dialysis centres (66.2%). From the results of the study, we can conclude that the lack of education and support from the organization they work for, increase responsibilities after married, low socioeconomic status and inadequate healthcare facilities are the major hurdle in compliance for advised thrice a week dialysis. These factors along with the nature of disease cause many psychological problems that further worsen the situation.
Pandanus amaryllifolius Exhibits In Vitro Anti-Amyloidogenic Activity and Promotes Neuroprotective Effects in Amyloid-β-Induced SH-SY5Y Cells

Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques leading to oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and cell death is one of the most accepted pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Pandanus amaryllifolius, commonly recognized as fragrant screw pine due to its characteristic smell, is widely distributed in Southeast Asia and is consumed as a food flavor. In search for potential anti-AD agents from terrestrial sources, P. amaryllifolius was explored for its in vitro anti-amyloidogenic and neuroprotective effects. Thioflavin T (ThT) assay and the high-throughput screening multimer detection system (MDS-HTS) assay were used to evaluate the extracts’ potential to inhibit Aβ aggregations and oligomerizations, respectively. The crude alcoholic extract (CAE, 50 μg/mL) and crude base extract (CBE, 50 μg/mL) obstructed the Aβ aggregation. Interestingly, results revealed that only CBE inhibited the Aβ nucleation at 100 μg/mL. Both CAE and CBE also restored the cell viability, reduced the level of reactive oxygen species, and reversed the mitochondrial dysfunctions at 10 and 20 μg/mL extract concentrations in Aβ-insulted SY-SY5Y cells. In addition, the unprecedented isolation of nicotinamide from P. amaryllifolius CBE is a remarkable discovery as one of its potential bioactive constituents against AD. Hence, our results provided new insights into the promising potential of P. amaryllifolius extracts against AD and further exploration of other prospective bioactive constituents.
GRAND DESIGN AND FLOCCULENT SPIRALS IN THE SPITZER SURVEY OF STELLAR STRUCTURE IN GALAXIES (S4G)

Spiral arm properties of 46 galaxies in the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G) were measured at 3.6 μm, where extinction is small and the old stars dominate. The sample includes flocculent, multiple arm, and grand design types with a wide range of Hubble and bar types. We find that most optically flocculent galaxies are also flocculent in the mid-IR because of star formation uncorrelated with stellar density waves, whereas multiple arm and grand design galaxies have underlying stellar waves. Arm–interarm contrasts increase from flocculent to multiple arm to grand design galaxies and with later Hubble types. Structure can be traced further out in the disk than in previous surveys. Some spirals peak at mid-radius while others continuously rise or fall, depending on Hubble and bar type. We find evidence for regular and symmetric modulations of the arm strength in NGC 4321. Bars tend to be long, high amplitude, and flat-profiled in early-type spirals, with arm contrasts that decrease with radius beyond the end of the bar, and they tend to be short, low amplitude, and exponential-profiled in late Hubble types, with arm contrasts that are constant or increase with radius. Longer bars tend to have larger amplitudes and stronger arms.
Localized Perivascular Therapeutic Approaches to Inhibit Venous Neointimal Hyperplasia in Arteriovenous Fistula Access for Hemodialysis Use

An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access for chronic hemodialysis, but high failure rates restrict its use. Optimizing patients’ perioperative status and the surgical technique, among other methods for preventing primary AVF failure, continue to fall short in lowering failure rates in clinical practice. One of the predominant causes of AVF failure is neointimal hyperplasia (NIH), a process that results from the synergistic effects of inflammation, hypoxia, and hemodynamic shear stress on vascular tissue. Although several systemic therapies have aimed at suppressing NIH, none has shown a clear benefit towards this goal. Localized therapeutic approaches may improve rates of AVF maturation by providing direct structural and functional support to the maturating fistula, as well as by delivering higher doses of pharmacologic agents while avoiding the adverse effects associated with systemic administration of therapeutic agents. Novel materials—such as polymeric scaffolds and nanoparticles—have enabled the development of different perivascular therapies, such as supportive mechanical devices, targeted drug delivery, and cell-based therapeutics. In this review, we summarize various perivascular therapeutic approaches, available data on their effectiveness, and the outlook for localized therapies targeting NIH in the setting of AVF for hemodialysis use. Highlights: Most systemic therapies do not improve AVF patency outcomes; therefore, localized therapeutic approaches may be beneficial. Locally delivered drugs and medical devices may improve AVF patency outcomes by providing biological and mechanical support. Cell-based therapies have shown promise in suppressing NIH by delivering a more extensive array of bioactive substances in response to the biochemical changes in the AVF microenvironment.
POPULATION III STAR FORMATION IN LARGE COSMOLOGICAL VOLUMES. I. HALO TEMPORAL AND PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

We present a semi-analytic, computationally inexpensive model to identify halos capable of forming a Population III star in cosmological simulations across a wide range of times and environments. This allows for a much more complete and representative set of Population III star forming halos to be constructed, which will lead to Population III star formation simulations that more accurately reflect the diversity of Population III stars, both in time and halo mass. This model shows that Population III and chemically enriched stars coexist beyond the formation of the first generation of stars in a cosmological simulation until at least z ∼ 10, and likely beyond, though Population III stars form at rates that are 4–6 orders of magnitude lower than chemically enriched stars by z = 10. A catalog of more than 40,000 candidate Population III forming halos were identified, with formation times temporally ranging from z = 30 to z = 10, and ranging in mass from 2.3 × 105 M☉ to 1.2 × 1010 M☉. At early times, the environment that Population III stars form in is very similar to that of halos hosting chemically enriched star formation. At later times Population III stars are found to form in low-density regions that are not yet chemically polluted due to a lack of previous star formation in the area. Population III star forming halos become increasingly spatially isolated from one another at later times, and are generally closer to halos hosting chemically enriched star formation than to another halo hosting Population III star formation by z ∼ 10.
Sulfur depletion in dense clouds and circumstellar regions - I. H2S ice abundance and UV-photochemical reactions in the H2O-matrix

Aims. This work aims to study the unexplained sulfur depletion observed toward dense clouds and protostars. Methods. We made simulation experiments of the UV-photoprocessing and sublimation of H2 Sa nd H 2S:H2O ice in dense clouds and circumstellar regions, using the InterStellar Astrochemistry Chamber (ISAC), a state-of-the-art ultra-high-vacuum setup. The ice was monitored in situ by mid-infrared spectroscopy in transmittance. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of the ice was performed using a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) to detect the volatiles desorbing from the ice. Results. Comparing our laboratory data to infrared observations of protostars we obtained a more accurate upper limit of the abundance of H2S ice toward these objects. We determined the desorption temperature of H2S ice, which depends on the initial H2S:H2O ratio. UV-photoprocessing of H2S:H2O ice led to the formation of several species. Among them, H2S2 was found to photodissociate forming S2 and, by elongation, other species up to S8, which are refractory at room temperature. A large fraction of the missing sulfur in dense clouds and circumstellar regions could thus be polymeric sulfur residing in dust grains.