Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SEISMIC EVALUATION OF MASONRY MONUMENTS THROUGH THE UTILIZATION OF IN SITU MEASUREMENTS CASE STUDY ON A BYZANTINE BASILICA

This study develops an approach to examine parameters that are used for the estimation of seismic loads for historic buildings. A literature review is presented, and data from the literature and laboratory tests are used to assess the provisions that should be satisfied after the restoration of such buildings. In the analysis, frames with nonlinear properties that model stone masonry plain frames are used to estimate the equivalent seismic acceleration that these frames can resist. To investigate the response of masonry monuments to strong earthquakes, the observed response of many temples is considered during seven earthquakes in Greece, and the response spectra are defined for equivalent damping levels of 5%, 10%, and 20%. The aforementioned approaches are used to examine the possibility of further reducing the considered seismic loads for the evaluation of these structures. Alternative methods for the justified reduction of the seismic force by increasing the behavior factor are proposed. Finally a case study is presented on the initial contsruction stage of a byzantine basilica. In this case, the observed failure of the main roof of the temple and the limitation of damages to the rest of the structure thanks to the use of the findings of the present research is justified.
Object Tracking Using Tracking-Learning-Detection in Thermal Infrared Video

Automatic tracking of an object of interest in a video sequence is a task that has been much researched. Difficulties include varying scale of the object, rotation and object appearance changing over time, thus leading to tracking failures. Different tracking methods, such as short-term tracking often fail if the object steps out of the camera’s field of view, or changes shape rapidly. Also, small inaccuracies in the tracking method can accumulate over time, which can lead to tracking drift. Long-term tracking is also problematic, partly due to updating and degradation of the object model, leading to incorrectly classified and tracked objects. This master’s thesis implements a long-term tracking framework called TrackingLearning-Detection which can learn and adapt, using so called P/N-learning, to changing object appearance over time, thus making it more robust to tracking failures. The framework consists of three parts; a tracking module which follows the object from frame to frame, a learning module that learns new appearances of the object, and a detection module which can detect learned appearances of the object and correct the tracking module if necessary. This tracking framework is evaluated on thermal infrared videos and the results are compared to the results obtained from videos captured within the visible spectrum. Several important differences between visual and thermal infrared tracking are presented, and the effect these have on the tracking performance is evaluated. In conclusion, the results are analyzed to evaluate which differences matter the most and how they affect tracking, and a number of different ways to improve the tracking are proposed.
A Bayesian approach to assessing differential expression of microarray data

Motivated by our biological study, this article aims at assessing differential up- and down-expression of single-slide microarray data. We propose a three-component mixture model to fit orthogonal residuals from regressing logarithm-scaled red channel intensities versus their associated logarithm-scaled green ones as an extension of [Sapir and Churchill, 2000]. A Bayesian approach and a Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure have been utilized to estimate all parameters in the mixture model. The proposed algorithm predicts whether a given gene is differentially expressed based on its posterior odds. For a fixed level of false positives, we provide by simulation the optimal cutoff (in the sense of minimizing the level of false negatives) for the posterior odds of gene expressions that mimic real data. In a simulation study, receiver operation curves show that the proposed approach performs better than the two-component approach that it extends in most cases. Finally, we apply the algorithm to a set of Cyp11a1 knockout mouse microarray data, and it yields a 100% prediction accuracy rate of seven genes checked by northern blot analysis.
Effects of polarization force and fast electrons on DA shock waves in a strongly coupled dusty plasma

Abstract A strongly coupled dusty plasma system consisting of non-thermal electrons, Maxwellian ions, and negatively charged dust in presence of polarization force has been considered. The nonlinear propagation of dust-acoustic shock waves in such a dusty plasma system has been theoretically investigated by employing the reductive perturbation method. The effects of the polarization force and non-thermal electrons, on the properties of these dust-acoustic shock waves are briefly discussed. It is shown that the strong correlation among the charged dust grains is a source of dissipation, and is responsible for the formation of the dust-acoustic shock waves. It has been found that the effects of polarization force and non-thermal electrons significantly modify the basic features of such shock waves. It has been proposed to design a new laboratory experiment, which will be able to identify the basic features of the dust-acoustic shock waves predicted in this present investigation.
Auditory temporal structure processing in dyslexia : processing of prosodic phrase boundaries is not impaired in children with dyslexia

Reading disability in children with dyslexia has been proposed to reflect impairment in auditory timing perception. We investigated one aspect of timing perception—temporal grouping—as present in prosodic phrase boundaries of natural speech, in age-matched groups of children, ages 6–8 years, with and without dyslexia. Prosodic phrase boundaries are characterized by temporal grouping of functionally related speech elements and can facilitate syntactic processing of speech. For example, temporary syntactic ambiguities, such as early-closure structures, are processed faster when prosodic phrase boundaries are present. We examined children’s prosodic facilitation bymeasuring their efficiency of sentence processing for temporary syntactic ambiguities spoken with (facilitating) versus without (neutral) prosodic phrase boundaries. Both groups of children benefited similarly from prosodic facilitation, displaying faster reaction times in facilitating compared to neutral prosody. These findings indicate that the use of prosodic phrase boundaries for speech processing is not impaired in children with dyslexia.
Two views of the Andromeda Galaxy H-alpha and far infrared

A complete H-alpha image of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is presented allowing the first direct measurement of the total H-alpha luminosity which is (7.3 +/- 2.4) x 10(exp 6) solar luminosity. The H-alpha emission is associated with three morphologically distinct components; a large scale star-forming ring, approximately 1.65 deg in diameter, contributing 66% of the total H-alpha emission, a bright nucleus contributing 6% of the total H-alpha emission with the remaining 28% contributed by a previously unidentified component of extended and filamentary H-alpha emission interior to the star forming ring. The correspondence between the H-alpha image and the Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) far-infrared high resolution image is striking when both are convolved to a common resolution of 105 arcsec. The close correspondence between the far-infrared and H-alpha images suggests a common origin for the two emissions. The star-forming ring contributes 70% of the far-infrared luminosity of M31. Evidence that the ring emission is energized by high mass stars includes the fact that peaks in the far-infrared emission coincide identically with H II regions in the H-alpha image. In addition, the far-infrared to H-alpha luminosity ratio within the star-forming ring is similar to what one would expect for H II regions powered by stars of spectral types ranging between O9 and B0. The origin of the filamentary H-alpha and far-infrared luminosity interior to the star-forming ring is less clear, but it is almost certainly not produced by high mass stars.
Spectroscopic charge pumping in Si nanowire transistors with a high-κ/metal gate

The density of interface states has been investigated experimentally on silicon nanowire transistors (SNWTs), with a high-k/metal gate stack. Low temperature measurements down to 25 K have been performed to determine the interface trap energy distribution throughout the Si band gap on nanowire devices. We have shown that SNWTs exhibit a higher trap density together with a modified energy profile as compared to conventional planar devices. Finally these spectroscopic measurements have been compared to electron mobility to complete the analysis and to further understand the impact of the interface on carrier transport.
Stabilization of the Furuta pendulum around its homoclinic orbit

We present an energy based control approach to control the Furuta pendulum. A controller is proposed for swinging the pendulum and raise it to its uppermost unstable equilibrium position. The passivity properties of the system are used as a guideline in the control strategy. The stability analysis is carried out by using a Lyapunov technique.
WEIGHTED NORM INEQUALITIES FOR VILENKIN-FOURIER SERIES

Let S n f be the nth partial sum of the Vilenkin-Fourier series of f ∈ L 1 . For 1 < p < ∞, we characterize all weight functions w such that if f ∈ L p (w), S n f converges to f in L p (w). We also determine all weight functions w such that {S n } is uniformly of weak type (1, 1) with respect to w
Crystal Growth and Properties of Boron Monoarsenide

Boron arsenide, a semiconductor with an energy gap of 1.46 eV, decomposes irreversibly at temperatures above 900 °C, thus limiting the temperature of the crystal growth process. In this work, single crystals of boron arsenide, identified by the x‐ray diffraction method, have been prepared by the chemical transport of polycrystalline boron arsenide in the presence of a temperature gradient. The transported crystals are p type and have a resistivity of approximately 0.01 Ω cm in the temperature range 77–500 °K. The hole concentration and Hall mobility, essentially independent of temperature in the range 77–300 °K, have been estimated to be in the ranges of 1018–1019 cm−3 and 100–400 cm2V−1sec−1, respectively. In spite of the high carrier concentrations, the transported crystals are suitable as substrates for the epitaxial growth of boron arsenide with controlled dopant distribution.
Plasma characterization during laser ablation of graphite in nitrogen for the growth of fullerene-like CNx films

Chemistry, energy, and spatial distributions of species in carbon–nitrogen plasma plumes were investigated to define plasma conditions for growth of carbon nitride CNx films with a fullerene-like structure. Plumes were generated by ablation of graphite using a 248 nm excimer laser in the presence of low-pressure nitrogen. The plumes were investigated using element specific imaging, time-of-flight experiments, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular vibration sequence analyses. Studies showed the importance of plume/substrate interaction in causing secondary excitation phenomena. For N2 pressures within the 5–50 mTorr range, plasmas at the substrate vicinity were found to consist mostly of atomic carbon, CN and C2 molecules. Kinetic energies were calculated within 10–20 eV for mono atomic carbon, 30–55 eV for CN, and 20–40 eV for C2. Excited CN and C2 molecules were generated by laser ablation and by collisions of the plume with the substrate surface. Their vibrational energies were strongly influenced by.
On the L1-solutions of refinement equations with positive coefficients

Let be an expanding matrix and let be a digit set. We study the L1-solutions of the following functional equations: under the conditions all ci > 0 and , where q = |det(A)|. We show that if the equation has an L1-solution, then the solution is positive, bounded, unique up to a constant multiplication and has compact support. With regard to the existence of L1-solutions of the equations, we give a simple sufficient condition for no L1-solutions and a characterization for the existence of L1-solutions. As to their applications, we prove that, if the sum rule on coefficients holds, the equation has an L1-solution.
Measuring East Asian summer monsoon rainfall contributions by different weather systems over Taiwan

Abstract The east Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is characterized by a distinct life cycle consisting of the active, break, and revival monsoon phases. Different weather systems prevail in each phase following the change of large-scale flow regime. During the active phase, midlatitude cold, dry air moving equatorward into the tropics develops eastward-propagating fronts and rainstorms. The western ridge of the North Pacific subtropical anticyclone, which leads to the break phase, suppresses the development of synoptic-scale weather systems but enhances the diurnal heating. In the revival phase, the monsoon trough displaces the anticyclonic ridge northward and increases typhoon activity. This study examines quantitative measurements of climatological rainfall contributed by these weather systems that will help to validate simulations of the EASM climate system and facilitate water management by government agencies. To accomplish this goal, rain gauge measurements in Taiwan were analyzed. It was found that in .
Experimental determination of positron-related surface characteristics of 6H-SiC

The positron work function of 6H-SiC was determined to be −2.1±0.1 eV from an analysis of the energy spectrum of positrons reemitted from the surface. The positron reemission yield, highest in the sample inserted into vacuum after atmospheric exposure and cleaning with ethanol, was significantly reduced after sputtering with 3 keV, 125 μA min Ne+ ions. The yield was not recovered even after annealing at 900 °C, presumably due to the stability of sputter induced defects. Sputtering at lower energies caused a smaller decrease in the reemission yield that was largely recovered after annealing at 850 °C. Analysis using electron induced Auger electron spectroscopy and positron-annihilation-induced Auger electron spectroscopy indicated that the surface was Si enriched after sputtering and C enriched after subsequent annealing. Values of positron diffusion length and mobility in the unsputtered material were extracted from the dependence of the reemission yield on the beam energy. The application of SiC as a fie.
Fe II/Mg II Emission-Line Ratios of QSOs within 0 < z < 5.3

Near-infrared spectra of 13 QSOs located between 4.4 < z < 5.3 were obtained by the OH-airglow suppression spectrograph mounted on the Subaru telescope. The Fe II/Mg II emission-line ratios of the QSOs at various redshifts were examined by applying the same fitting algorithm to the present data together with published or archived spectra. We found a trend of a decreasing Fe II/Mg II ratio from z ~ 5 to 1.5, almost independent of their luminosities. We also confirmed the Baldwin effect on the Mg II emission line.
He's Variational Iteration Method for Solving Hyperbolic Differential Equations

The hyperbolic partial differential equations play a dominant role in many branches of science and engineering. Wave equation is a typical example of hyperbolic, which model problems such as vibrating string fixed at the both ends, longitudinal vibrations in a bar, propagation of sound waves, electromagnetic waves and so on. These equations have attracted much attention and solving the equations have been one of the interesting works for mathematicians. They also occur in the field of computational fluid dynamic (CFD). It is well known that Euler's equations of gas dynamic are hyperbolic partial differential equations. Consider the second order quasiliner partial differential equation.
A note on modelling the capacitated lot-sizing problem with set-up carryover and set-up splitting

The capacitated lot-sizing problem with set-up carryover and set-up splitting (CLSP-SCSS) is formulated as a mixed integer linear program. We define set-up carryover as the production of a product that is continued over from one period to another without incurring an extra set-up. Set-up splitting occurs when the set-up for a product is started at the end of a period and completed at the beginning of the next period. We allow product dependent set-ups. Initial experimentation highlights the importance of including set-up splitting in the CLSP model. In 12 out of the 18 problem instances tested, our model yielded better solutions or removed infeasibility when compared with a CLSP model without set-up splitting.
Role of Fibrinogen in Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Traumatic Brain Injury

Fibrinogen (Fg) is one of the biomarkers of inflammation and a high risk factor for many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Elevated levels of Fg (hyperfibrinogenemia, HFg) are also associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). HFg in blood alters vascular reactivity and compromises integrity of endothelial cell layer that ultimately can result in extravasation of Fg and other plasma proteins. Proteins deposited in extravascular space may form plaques which can lead to neurodegeneration. Among these plasma proteins are amyloid beta (Aβ) and/or cellular prion protein (PrP C ) that can form degradation resistant complexes with Fg and are known to be involved in memory impairment. The purpose of this chapter is to propose and discuss some possible mechanisms involved in HFg-mediated cerebrovascular dysfunction leading to neuronal degeneration during TBI.
Ultrafast polarization dynamics in biased quantum wells under strong femtosecond optical excitation

We observe ultrafast polarization dynamics in strongly internally biased InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells during intense femtosecond optical excitation. In the case of strong enough excitation we demonstrate that the built-in bias field (on the order of MV/cm) can be completely screened by the carriers excited in spatially separated states. The removal of the initial strong bias leads to dynamical modification of the band structure, the electron and hole wave functions, and the absorption coefficient within the duration of the excitation pulse. We show that such an optically induced dynamical screening of the biased quantum well can be described in terms of discharging of a nanoscale capacitor driven by a femtosecond laser pulse. The electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor is released via THz emission. Due to its nonlinearity such a process may lead to emission of a THz pulse with bandwidth significantly exceeding that of the excitation pulse.
About the equivalence of Abraham's and Minkowski's electrodynamics

The old problem of the structure of the energy-momentum tensor of a polarized and magnetized elastic medium is investigated. It is shown that the Minkowski tensor in connection with Eckart's non-symmetric tensor—if one requires that the resulting tensor be symmetric—is equal to the sum of Eckart's symmetric tensor with the Abraham tensor. Both possibilities lead to the same energy-momentum tensor for a closed system. Consequently, the dynamical equations for both combinations are identical and the possibility of distinguishing between the two tensors by observing the Abraham force is out of the question.
Decay of momentum flux in submerged jets

Slender laminar and turbulent, plane and axisymmetric jets emerging from orifices in plane or conical walls are studied at large distances from the orifices. The entrainment of momentum coupled with the entrainment of volume into a jet is determined, and its effect on the flow field is analysed by combining inner and outer expansions with a multiple scaling approach. In turbulent (plane or axisymmetric) jets, the axial velocity decreases more rapidly than predicted by classical boundary-layer solutions, and the momentum flux vanishes as the distance from the orifice tends to infinity. The analysis unveils a source of discrepancies in previous experimental data on turbulent jets. In a laminar plane jet, the momentum flux changes but little. In a laminar axisymmetric jet, the momentum flux changes slowly, yet considerably. When a critical distance from the orifice is approached, the momentum flux in the jet becomes very small, the jet diameter very large, and a toroidal viscous eddy is predicted. The structure of the flow field is briefly discussed.
Stratiform Rain in the Tropics as Seen by the TRMM Precipitation Radar

Abstract Across the Tropics (20°N–20°S), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) indicates that for reflectivities ≥17 dBZ, stratiform precipitation accounts for 73% of the area covered by rain and 40% of the total rain amount over a 3-yr period (1998–2000). The ratio of the convective rain rate to the stratiform rain rate is 4.1 on average at the horizontal resolution of the PR data. Convective rain rates remain constant or decrease as the stratiform contribution to total rain increases, implying that stratiform rain production is not very dependent on the strength of convection. This relationship is especially evident over the ocean, where there are weaker convective rain rates than over land but relatively larger stratiform rain amounts. The ocean environment appears more efficient in the production of stratiform precipitation through either the sustainability of convection by a warm, moist boundary layer with only a weak diurnal variation and/or by the near–moist adiaba.
Role of the Midlatitude Air-Sea Interaction in Orographically Forced Climate

Possible feedbacks between the midlatitude atmosphere and ocean relevant to maintain the mean climatological state in January are examined by using a coupled model with intermediate complexity (ICM), which consists of a 2-layer atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) and a 2.5-layer shallow water ocean model covering the Pacific Ocean. Two series of the numerical experiments including the seasonal cycle were conducted: the experiments using the coupled model (ICM run) and the experiments using the AGCM (AGCM run). In each series of the experiments, the global mountain height was systematically changed; a parameter a that is multiplied to the surface elevation was varied from 0 to 1.4 with the interval of 0.2. The ICM run with a = 1 is regarded as the control run. Comparison of the January climatology between the ICM and the AGCMshows that the upper-level wind and low-level baroclinicity over the western Pacific Ocean increase linearly with a in both models while the sensitivity to change in a is higher in the ICM. This appears to be explained by the following positive feedback; in the coupling system, orographically forced stationary waves at larger a spin up ocean gyres, transporting the warm water near the western boundary that results in an enhancement of local evaporation and precipitation. The latent heat release works to intensify the stationary waves which are responsible to maintain the low-level baroclinicity. The low-level wind, SST and the storm track activity do not change linearly with increasing a. In particular, the storm track strengthens with mountain uplift until a = 0.6 while weakening afterwards. This weakened storm track decelerates the low-level wind downstream, which reduces the wind-driven circulation and the increase in SST around the gyre boundary at the heigher mountain.