Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lack of mutant huntingtin in cortical efferents improves behavioral inflexibility and corticostriatal dynamics in Huntington's disease mice.

Abnormal communication between cerebral cortex and striatum plays a major role in the motor symptoms of Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation of the huntingtin gene (mHTT). Because cortex is the main driver of striatal processing, we recorded local field potential (LFP) activity simultaneously in primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsal striatum (DS) in BACHD mice, a full-length HD gene model, and in a conditional BACHD/Emx-1 Cre (BE) model in which mHTT is suppressed in cortical efferents, while mice freely explored a plus-shaped maze beginning at 20 weeks of age. Relative to wild-type (WT) controls, BACHD mice were just as active across >40 weeks of testing but became progressively less likely to turn into a perpendicular arm as they approached the choice point of the maze, a sign of HD motor inflexibility. BE mice, in contrast, turned as freely as WT throughout testing. Although BE mice did not exactly match WT in LFP activity, the reduction in alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz), and low gamma (30-50 Hz) power that occurred in M1 of turning-impaired BACHD mice was reversed. No reversal occurred in DS. In fact, BE mice showed further reductions in DS theta (4-8 Hz), beta, and low gamma relative to the BACHD model. Coherence analysis indicated a dysregulation of corticostriatal information flow in both BACHD and BE mice. Collectively, our results suggest that mHTT in cortical outputs drives the dysregulation of select cortical frequencies that accompany the loss of behavioral flexibility in HD.
Contribution of women's Income Generating Activities (AGAS) in Household Income: Evidence from Kigoma Urban, Tanzania

An impact of land alienation on tribal economy: an exploratory study of Sundargarh District in Orissa” is intended to give the profile, problems and perspectives of tribals, due to land alienation by the different factors in Sundargarh district of Orissa. The purpose of this study is to have an exploratory study on land alienation and make aware and sensitize to enable the tribal population to preserve immovable land assets from the scrupulous land alienation by the different development projects. This study is a humble attempt in making an original contribution to the nature of land alienation and its impact on tribal economy in Sundargarh district with following objective:To find out to understand tribal early sources of livelihood.To understand the situation of present tribal (land based) economy due to the rampant sponge iron factories in Sundargarh district.To understand the implementation and function of tribal safeguard legislation in the state of Orissa.To understand the local base Non-Government Organizations’ steps to protect the tribal economy in the district.To understand the pros and cons impact of sponge iron factories on the tribal economy (land, water, and the forest)To understand the roles and steps taken by the local base Government Organization to preserve the tribal land right in the district.To know the tribal opinion on rapid growth of sponge iron factories in the district in Orissa.
Open Burn/Open Detonation (OBOD) Area Management Using Lime For Explosives Transformation And Metals Immobilization

Abstract : A common disposal method for munitions stockpiles is Open Burn/Open Detonation (OBOD). These activities are necessary to destroy unserviceable, unstable, or unusable munitions and explosives. Due to the relatively small area of OD facilities, there is a high probability of explosives and heavy metal contamination in the soil. The objective of this demonstration was to evaluate a lime soil amendment management strategy to control active OD area contaminant mobility and promote contaminant degradation that is low cost and minimally resource intensive. A soil treatability study and baseline characterization evaluation were undertaken at the site the OD area of Aberdeen Proving Grounds prior to initiation of the field demonstration. The field demonstration involved adding hydrated lime to the OD area to transform explosive residues and stabilize metals at the site to prevent offsite migration. Lime was further dispersed on the site and mixed with the deeper soils by adding it to the hole dug for the waste munitions before the detonations. Seven amendment methods were evaluated. Effective dispersion was monitored by surface soil sampling after the detonation fallout had settled. The detonations all dispersed the lime along with the crater ejecta. Additional lime was placed in the bottom of the crater prior to pushing the dispersed soil back into the crater.
Broken rails: how privatisation wrecked Britain's railways

In the aftermath of the Hatfield rail crash of October 2000 the railway system was reduced to a state of chaos from which it has still not fully recovered. And it was not just the passengers who suffered; Railtrack, the company that actually owns and manages the tracks, was transformed from a stock market star into a financial basket case; most important of all, as this book makes clear, the folly of splitting the national railway system up into a labyrinth of privatised companies all seeking to profit at the expense of the others, was exposed. Setting his analysis within the broader historical context of Britain's railway industry, Christian Wolmar shows that Hatfield, and the earlier accidents at Southall and Ladbroke Grove, were merely the symptoms of the dysfunctional structure that had been created by privatisation. John Major and his colleagues had destroyed British Rail which, the book argues, was in fact well on the way to creating the most efficent railway system Britain had ever known, and replaced it with a Byzantine system in which hundreds of staff are employed simply to argue with each other about the responsibility for every delay, where knowledge which might improve the efficiency and safety of the network is not shared but jealously guarded, and which requires more public subsidy than the 'inefficient' nationalised system it replaced. The result is the present situation in which the train operators have lost a large slice of their market; the maintenance of the track is in the hands of contractors who grow rich while employing staff who are often inadequately trained and qualified; and, because Railtrack - the one company that is indespensible to the entire system - is entirely reliant upon further injections of public funds, the government now finds itself with all the financial responsibilities it had under the nationalised system while lacking most of the power.
Effect of CYP3A5 and ABCB1 Gene Polymorphisms on Tacrolimus Blood Concentration in Renal Transplant Recipients.

BACKGROUND Tacrolimus (Tac) is a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI). Its therapeutic range is narrow and pharmacokinetic properties vary among patients. CYP3A5 and MDR1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most effective polymorphisms that play an significant role in the pharmacokinetics of Tac. METHODS We investigated the influence of CYP3A5 (A6986G) and MDR1 (C3435T) gene polymorphisms on Tac trough concentration (C0), dose requirements (mg/kg), and dose-adjusted concentrations (ng/mL per mg/kg/d). CYP3A5 [*1/*1 (expresser), *1/*3 (expresser); *3/*3 (non-expresser)] and MDR1 (CC, CT, TT) gene polymorphisms were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction in 67 adult Turkish renal transplant patients. The Tac dose (mg/kg/d) and C0 of each patient was acquired from the patient's file and dose-adjusted concentrations (ng/mL per mg/kg/d) were calculated at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months after transplantation. The correlated serum hematocrit, platelet, urea, creatinine, and albumin were also determined. RESULTS The CYP3A5*1/*3 and CYP3A5*3/*3 allelic frequencies were 5.97% and 94.03%, respectively. There were no patients with the CYP3A5*1/*1 genotype. Tac dose was significantly lower in *3/*3 genotype than in *1/*1 genotype (3rd and 6th months: p ≤ 0.001; 12th month: p ≤ 0.05). Dose-adjusted Tac concentration was statistically higher in the *3/*3 genotype than in *1/*1 genotype at the 3rd and 6th months (p ≤ 0.05). The allelic frequencies of MDR1 CC, CT, and TT were 26.87%, 49.25%, and 23.88%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were detected between MDR1 genotypes and in all analyzed laboratory parameters. CONCLUSIONS CYP3A5 but not MDR1 genetic polymorphisms affected the Tac pharmacokinetics and dose requirements in renal transplant recipients. Pharmacogenetic methods can be used for selecting the initial dose to individualize immunosuppressive therapy.
Recent Trends in Bacteriology of Adult Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis

This study aimed to identify trends in bacteria isolated from Korean adults with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Enrolled were CRS patients who underwent sinus bacterial culture during endoscopic sinus surgery between 2007–2008, 2011–2012, and 2017–2018 (n = 510). Patients’ clinical characteristics, bacterial culture results, and antibiotic resistance were reviewed. The bacteria isolation rate was 76.3% (73.9% for CRS with nasal polyps and 82.8% for CRS without nasal polyps; p = 0.038). In total, 650 strains were isolated, the most common was Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS) (28.0%), followed by Streptococcus species (12.2%), Propionibacterium species (8.0%), Corynebacterium species (7.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.2%), Haemophilus species (5.7%), Klebsiella species (5.1%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.2%). Furthermore, an analysis of the bacterial trends in the three groups showed significant increases over time for the isolation of CNS (p = 0.006), Klebsiella (p = 0.002), and P. aeruginosa (p = 0.007) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella (p < 0.001) and Enterobacter (p = 0.007) species in terms of antibiotics resistance. This study demonstrates that the frequency of CNS, Klebsiella, and P. aeruginosa in CRS patients and the ESBL-producing Klebsiella and Enterobacter species has significantly increased in CRS patients over the last decade.
Introduction to Human Resource Management

Co-written by a lecturer and a practitioner, Banfield & Kay provide academic and practical insights that convey the reality of HRM. Designed specifically for students taking their first introductory module in human resource management, this textbook combines the academic and practitioner perspectives to produce a balanced introduction to the subject. This approach explores how HRM is actually practised and experienced in the workplace, which overcomes the idealistic and partial insights of many textbooks. By taking a truly holistic approach to the subject, this text avoids the presentation of HRM as a separate management function, and instead presents HR processes and challenges as an integral part of any business. The conversational writing style adopted by the authors is ideal for students, and has been highly praised for engaging the reader. The book is divided into 4 parts: The Foundations of HRM (Chapters 1- 3) is followed by Operational Challenges (Chapters 4-8). Key HRM Processes are then examined (Chapters 9-12) before the final part presents three real-life case study chapters (Chapters 12- 15), drawing on the topics covered earlier in the text such as planning, recruitment, selection, redundancy, learning, and training. Within each chapter, care has been taken to encourage students to think critically about the issues. A huge number of real life examples and case studies are included throughout, presenting the reader with opportunities to understand the theory in practice, and bringing the topics to life. A wide range of boxed learning features and a user-friendly writing style ensures the content is fully understood and encourages students to actively engage with the issues raised. The second edition features a new chapter on strategic human resource management. The authors have also undertaken interviews with practitioners from a range of organizations. These range from large public- and private-sector organizations such as Nottingham Trent University and Calor Gas to smaller companies including International Information Systems in Bahrain. These have been written up into a new 'Practitioner Insight' feature in every chapter, providing a reflection on practice from twelve different individuals. In addition a 'Research Insight' feature has been introduced, summarising key papers at relevant points within the chapter and encouraging students to extend their reading by following up these references.
Molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical infection and fecal survey samples in Southern China

Background: The identified rate of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have been increasingly in the clinical infections. Here, a study of analysing the relationship of clinical infectious CRE and fecal carried CRE was performed.Methods: Clinical CRE and fecal CRE were collected from hosiptal in China. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based amplification and sequencing were performed to analyse the carriage of drug-resistant genes and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) technology and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were used to analysis the characteristic of genetic structure of CRE isolates.Results: 99 clinical CRE and 30 fecal CRE were collected, respectively. The top three strains present in the highest proportions were K. pneumoniae (86; 66.67%), E. cloacae (22; 17.05%), and E. coli (11; 8.53%). Most of the isolates were susceptible to colistin (98.45%) and tigecycline (98.45%). blaKPC−2 (96.03%) was the dominant carbapenemase gene in clinical CRE and fecal CRE, followed by blaNDM (52.7%); co-existence of the blaKPC−2 and blaNDM genes was detected in 63 (50.00%) strains. One K. pneumoniae isolate co-producing NDM-5 and mcr-1, and one E. coli isolate co-producing KPC-2, IMP-4, and mcr-1 were detected. Two novel gene cassettes of intI2 were dectected. ERIC genotyping and genomic analysis revealed that K. pneumoniae isolated from clinical infections and fecal survey samples were same clone.Conclusions: This is the first report of comparing the molecular characteristics of CRE isolated from clinical infection and fecal survey samples. we found that fecal carried CRE were closely related to CRE which caused infections.
Seismic performance of RC bridge frames with architectural-flared columns

The design of flared columns is critical to earthquake resistant design of bridges. This report presents an experimental and analytical examination of new details for flared columns, base hinges, and joints. The objective is to achieve an earthquake resistant design and maintain the aesthetic value of the flare without impacting the system performance. This report describes a study which evaluated the dynamic performance of flared columns with gaps and the amount of transverse flare reinforcement that is needed. A shake table was used to test four bents, each with different amounts of confining reinforcement in the flare. The tests examined the dynamic effects as well as column and beam interaction. An analytical non-linear finite element analysis study was performed using the DIANA program for exploring different parameter effects. Using finite element analysis, a strut-and-tie model was then created, capable of predicting the yield, maximum load carrying capacity of the system, and stress in the various parts of the structure.
Downregulation of hsa_circ_005243 induces trophoblast cell dysfunction and inflammation via the β-catenin and NF-κB pathways in gestational diabetes mellitus

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication in pregnancy that poses a serious threat to the health of both mother and child. While the specific etiology and pathogenesis of this disease are not fully understood, it is thought to arise due to a combination of insulin resistance, inflammation, and genetic factors. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special kind of non-coding RNA that have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their diverse activities, including a potential regulatory role in pregnancy-related diseases, such as GDM. Methods: We previously reported the existence of a novel a circRNA, hsa_circ_005243, which was identified by RNA sequencing. In this study, we examined its expression in 20 pregnant women with GDM and 20 normal controls using quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis. Subsequent in vitro experiments were conducted following hsa_circ_005243 knockdown in HTR-8/SVneo cells to examine the role of hsa_circ_005243 in cell proliferation and migration, as well as the secretion of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Finally, we examined the expression of β-catenin and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways to assess their role in GDM pathogenesis.Results: Expression of hsa_circ_005243 was significantly reduced in both the placenta and plasma of GDM patients. Knockdown of hsa_circ_005243 in trophoblast cells significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration ability. In addition, increased secretion of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) was observed after hsa_circ_005243 depletion. Further analyses showed that knockdown of hsa_circ_005243 reduced the expression of β-catenin and increased nuclear NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Conclusions: Downregulation of hsa_circ_005243 may be associated with the pathogenesis of GDM via the regulation of β-catenin and NF-κB signal pathways, suggesting a new potential therapeutic target for GDM.
DESIGN PROCEDURE COMPARED TO FULL SCALE TESTS OF DRILLED SHAFT FOOTINGS

A THEORY WHICH WILL PREDICT THE ULTIMATE RESISTANCE OF A DRILLED SHAFT FOOTING TO OVERTURNING LOADS WAS PRESENTED IN RESEARCH REPORT 105-1 AND WAS CORRELATED WITH MODEL TESTS REPORTED IN RESEARCH REPORT 105-2. IN THIS PAPER THE RESULTS OF FULL-SCALE TESTS ON DRILLED SHAFT FOOTINGS ARE PRESENTED AND COMPARED TO A "TENTATIVE DESIGN PROCEDURE" BASED ON THE PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED THEORY. DESIGN CURVES ARE GIVEN AS A PART OF THE DESIGN PROCEDURE, WHICH RESULT IN EASY APPLICATION OF THE THEORY. ALSO INCLUDED IS AN EXAMPLE PROBLEM AND A SECTION ON ESTIMATING THE SOIL PARAMETERS NECESSARY FOR THE DESIGN OF THESE FOOTINGS. THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY HAVE NOW REACHED THE STAGE WHERE FULL IMPLEMENTATION CAN BE ACHIEVED. /AUTHOR/
EVALUATION OF SAFE PERFORMANCE SECONDARY SCHOOL DRIVER EDUCATION CURRICULUM DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

The primary objective of this Project was to determine the crash reduction potential of a quality, competency-based driver training program known as the Safe Performance Curriculum (SPC). The experimental design called for the random assignment of 18,000 volunteer high school students in DeKalb County Schools, Georgia, to one of the following: (1) Safe Performance Curriculum (SPC)--a 70-hour course including classroom, simulation, range, and on-street training; (2) Pre-Driver Licensing (PDL)--a modified curriculum containing only the minimum training required to obtain a license; (3) Control--no formal driver education in the secondary school. The sample of students were monitored for a period of 2 to 4 years after assignment to assess measures of intermediate and ultimate performance. The primary measures of ultimate performance analyzed were the numbers and types of crashes and violations the students experienced in this time frame. Comparative analyses of SPC vs. PLV vs. Control groups were then made in terms of these ultimate measures. Final detailed analyses showed a statistically significant short-term program effect, with SPC and PDL groups having significantly lower accident and violation means during the first 6 months of licensed driving. However, with an increasing time period of observation, the comparative relative differences between group means decreased and were not statistically significant. Moreover, the short-term effect was additionally offset or neutralized by the earlier licensing of SPC and PDL group students, yielding a net effect of no statistically reliable differences among SPC, PDL, and Control groups of students in overall accident and violation means.
Who might engage in mobile-commerce? Extended tam model and mobile shopper typology

Research into mobile-shopping (MS) is currently the focus of much attention both from scholars and the world of business due to the extent to which mobile devices offer vast business opportunities in all global markets. However, few works have compared the validity of the extended Technology Acceptance Model addressing a range of different typologies of possible mobile-buyers. This research helps to understand the different types of potential m-shoppers and the most important ways to favour their intention to use mobile phones to buy. The goal of this work is twofold: to identify potential m-purchasers based on the reasons and impediments they perceive in mobile shopping, and to highlight major differences in the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with perceived control and subjective norms in the groups of buyers to emerge. These two goals and the representativeness of the sample, particularly with regards to age intervals, are the main contributions toward this kind of analysis. Using a sample of 471 Spanish mobile phone users of different ages who have never bought via the mobile, the research shows the differences in extended TAM model between groups of potential buyers. A structural equations analysis is performed. As a result, the extended TAM model is confirmed. Multisample analysis for four types of potential m-shoppers according to the drivers and impediments to m-shopping (relational, inexperienced, indifferent and transferred buyers) has evidenced that extended TAM does not impact all potential buyers equally.
A Capacity Analysis for the Transmission of Event and Cooperative Awareness Messages in LTE Networks

This paper presents the results of a performance study on cooperative vehicle services in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. By means of radio network simulations, the system capacity and its limiting factors are analyzed for the message types defined by ETSI ITS. For the Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM), the system is limited by the downlink data channel capacity. For the standard scenarios with a 10 Hz sending rate, even a distribution to vehicles in the immediate vicinity can fully load an LTE network. This effect is a consequence of the CAM traffic pattern, where each vehicle continuously sends data which is distributed to all neighboring vehicles. For the simulated LTE unicast connections from the network to the vehicles, this means that the downlink traffic increases with the number of neighbors and is therefore a multiple of the uplink traffic. Although the supported number of vehicles per cell can be increased by strict filtering or lowering of the sending rate, with the exception of special use cases this type of message application results in an extremely high traffic load and seems unsuitable for the transmission over cellular networks as investigated in this paper. However, similar issues with high traffic load also seem to exist in ad-hoc networks and relevant standardization bodies such as ETSI have started to investigate congestion control mechanisms, so that this assessment may need to be reviewed in the future. Event-related messages such as the Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM) generally have a significantly higher information value than CAMs because they are only sent when a concrete condition has been observed. This makes it easier to justify using network capacity to transmit these messages. For DENMs, the number of senders is significantly lower, and the network behavior is stable for typical scenarios. Therefore, the transmission of DENMs over LTE is judged feasible for the relevant use cases. Also, in contrast to the CAM traffic pattern, congestion is a temporary effect with a limited lifetime such that the network load decreases again when the event ends.