Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An absorption‐based approach to improved estimates of phytoplankton biomass and net primary production

The abundance and productivity of phytoplankton constrain energy transfer through marine food webs and the export of organic carbon to the deep ocean. Bio‐optical measurements correlate well with phytoplankton carbon (Cphyto), but the effect of taxonomic variability on this relationship is still uncertain. Here, we explore how changes in phytoplankton community composition influence the relationship between the particulate backscatter coefficient (bbp) and Cphyto and present a new approach to estimate phytoplankton biomass more accurately using bbp. We found that using a fixed scaling factor for the conversion of bbp to Cphyto could lead to the underestimation or overestimation of biomass, depending on the dominant taxonomic group in the phytoplankton community. In addition, we demonstrate how a simple ratio of absorption at two wavelengths can be used to provide a coarse approximation of phytoplankton community composition when scaling bbp to Cphyto, thereby improving the estimation of net primary production.
Evolution and Adaptability of Complex Applications

In these days the applications become more complex that causes maintenance problems while evolving these applications. A change in one part of the application can significantly affect other parts of the application. The next aspect can be related systems which communicate with this application. They must be updated to satisfy their correct functionality. These problems can concern multiple domains, e.g., UML diagrams, XML schema diagrams, relational schemas, APIs, etc. We focus on this problem from the perspective of the MDA, which uses the platform independent model (PIM) for a general view of the problem and the platform specific model (PSM) for particular domains. Moreover, these models can be interconnected and related to each other. We propose novel PSM models from various widely used domains, operations over these models and algorithms for model transformations. Thanks to the MDA principle, it is possible to combine presented models and model a complex application. All models and related algorithms we present were experimentally implemented and tested in the DaemonX framework on real-world data for their verification.
Wheels of Power: Can Free Bicycles for Schoolgirls Free Their Mothers?

We study whether a social program to facilitate girls’ schooling in India increases the autonomy of mothers and other female family members. The program gives every girl in grade 9 a cash amount to purchase a bicycle. This targeted in-kind provision has the effect of lowering the price of educating girls. It also signals the worth of young women. We find a strong empowerment effect on older female family members. The effect is strongest in areas where the program has the biggest impact on girls’ schooling, suggesting that it is an indirect outcome of targeting benefits toward schoolgirls.
A lean manufacturing implementation framework for the Malaysian electrical and electronics industry

Lean manufacturing has gained a lot of attention across the world. However, not much information can be drawn in terms of how it is implemented in Malaysia. The purpose of this study was to develop a framework that would assist the electrical and electronics industry in Malaysia to implement lean manufacturing in a more structured way. In order to achieve this, the implementation of lean manufacturing in this industry was investigated using the survey and case study methods. At the outset, 14 key areas which characterized lean manufacturing were proposed based on a comprehensive review of the literature. They were scheduling, inventory, material handling, equipment, work processes, quality, employees, layout, suppliers, customers, safety and ergonomics, product design, management and culture, and tools and techniques. A survey was then carried out to assess the implementation level of these key areas together with other issues such as the benefits and obstacles of implementing lean manufacturing. It was found that all the key areas were averagely implemented and the relevance of the 14 key areas has been substantiated. Following this, case studies were conducted in four electrical and electronics companies in Malaysia to investigate how they have adopted and embraced lean manufacturing. It was found that the key to implement it lies on their people. Findings and practices obtained from the survey, case studies and literature were then consolidated to formulate a framework for implementing lean manufacturing. The framework consists of three major sections which are foundation, improvement practices, and key areas for continuous improvement. An assessment was then carried out to evaluate the framework and the comments given by the evaluators were used to generate an improved framework. This framework provides a comprehensive view of lean manufacturing and gives important guiding principles for implementing it.
Automatic Swimming Activity Recognition and Lap Time Assessment Based on a Single IMU: A Deep Learning Approach

This study presents a deep learning model devoted to the analysis of swimming using a single Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) attached to the sacrum. Gyroscope and accelerometer data were collected from 35 swimmers with various expertise levels during a protocol including the four swimming techniques. The proposed methodology took high inter- and intra-swimmer variability into account and was set up for the purpose of predicting eight swimming classes (the four swimming techniques, rest, wallpush, underwater, and turns) at four swimming velocities ranging from low to maximal. The overall F1-score of classification reached 0.96 with a temporal precision of 0.02 s. Lap times were directly computed from the classifier thanks to a high temporal precision and validated against a video gold standard. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for this model against the video was 1.15%, 1%, and 4.07%, respectively, for starting lap times, middle lap times, and ending lap times. This model is a first step toward a powerful training assistant able to analyze swimmers with various levels of expertise in the context of in situ training monitoring.
Characterization of Anthocyanins During Ripening of Fruit of Vaccinium corymbosum, L. Cv. Wolcott1

Anthocyanins (Acy) in ripening blueberry fruit of the cv. Wolcott were identified and their amounts estimated spectrophotometrically. Fifteen Acy, all combinations of Mv, Pt, Pn, Dp, and Cy with glu, gal, or arab4 in the 3-position were found in unripe, red fruit. Ripe and overripe fruit contained all these Acy except Pn-gal. Cy-glu and Cy-gal comprised about 40% of the total Acy in unripe fruit, while Mv-glu and Mv-gal constituted about 60% in the overripe fruit. The relative proportions of 3-glucosides, 3-galactosides, and 3-arabinosides remained fairly constant throughout fruit ripening.
Genetic polymorphism of Pit-1 and CSN3 genes in Holstein calves and its associations with calf birth weight

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the polymorphic structures of Pit-1 and CSN3 genes of Holstein calves bred in Gümüşhane province of Türkiye, to determine the distribution of genotype and allele gene frequencies, as well as examine the effects of determined polymorphisms on birth weight of calves. HinfI polymorphisms of Pit-1 and CSN3 genes were identified in DNA isolated from blood samples of 100 Holstein calves used in the study, using the PCR-RFLP method. According to the Hardy–Weinberg genetic equilibrium test, it was observed that the distribution of genotype frequencies of HinfI polymorphisms of Pit-1 genes in the studied population was in equilibrium, but not in equilibrium in terms of CSN3 gene location. The AA, AB, and BB genotype frequencies of the Pit-1 gene in the population were 13.4 %, 40.2 %, and 46.3 %, respectively; the frequency of the A allele was 0.34, while for B allele it was 0.66. The AA, AB, and BB genotype frequencies of the CSN3 gene were found to be 24.5 %, 36.7 %, and 38.8 %, respectively; the frequency of the A allele was 0.43 and the frequency of the B allele was 0.57. According to the Hardy–Weinberg genetic equilibrium test, the distribution of genotype frequencies was in equilibrium in the Pit-1/HinfI polymorphism, but not in the CSN3/HinfI polymorphism. A statistically significant relationship was not found between the genotypes of both polymorphic regions and calf birth weight.
The Trauma of COVID-19–Fueled Discrimination: Posttraumatic Stress in Asian American Adolescents

With the emergence of COVID-19 in China, East and Southeast Asian American (ESEAA) students have reported increased incidents of COVID-19–fueled discrimination in online and offline (in-person) settings. Given the recency of this situation, there is a scarcity of research investigating the impact of COVID-19–related discrimination on ESEAA adolescents’ mental health, especially posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the current study, therefore, we provide evidence regarding the relations of COVID-19–fueled online and offline discrimination to PTSD symptoms in a sample of ESEAA high school students. We discuss study limitations; future recommendations; and implications for school leaders, school counselors, and other educators.
X-ray diffraction and Raman investigations of thickness dependent stress effects on Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 thin films

Microstructure, film orientation, and optical transmission spectra of polycrystalline Nd-modified Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 films were studied as a function of film thickness. Pulsed laser deposition was used for the fabrication of films with thickness from 80to465nm on single-crystal MgO(100) substrates. Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and spectrophotometry measurements were utilized in the film characterization. With the decreasing film thickness, films first oriented with c axis perpendicular to film surface, and then, after some critical thickness, changed to a-axis orientation. At the same time, compressive stress increased up to 1.3GPa and a clear blueshift of the optical absorption edge was found in transmission spectra.
Technological Properties and Composition of Enzymatically Modified Cranberry Pomace

Cranberry pomace obtained after juice production is a good source of dietary fiber and other bioactive compounds. In this study, cranberry pomace was hydrolyzed with Viscozyme® L, Pectinex® Ultra Tropical, Pectinex® Yieldmash Plus, and Celluclast® 1.5L (Novozyme A/S, Denmark). The soluble and insoluble dietary fiber was determined using the Megazyme kit, while the changes in mono-, disaccharide and oligosaccharides’ contents were determined using HPLC-RI; the total phenolic contents were determined by Folin−Ciocalteu’s Assay. Prebiotic activity, using two probiotic strains Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079 and Bifidobacterium animalis DSM 20105, was investigated. The technological properties, such as hydration and oil retention capacity, were evaluated. The enzymatic treatment increased the yield of short-chain soluble saccharides. The highest oligosaccharide content was obtained using Viscozyme® L and Pectinex® Ultra Tropical. All of the tested extracts of cranberry pomace showed the ability to promote growth of selected probiotic bacteria. The insoluble dietary fiber content decreased in all of the samples, while the soluble dietary fiber increased just in samples hydrolyzed with Celluclast® 1.5L. The highest content of total phenolic compounds was obtained using Viscozyme® L and Pectinex® Ultra Tropical (10.9% and 13.1% higher than control, respectively). The enzymatically treated cranberry pomace exhibited lower oil and water retention capacities in most cases. In contrast, water swelling capacity increased by 23% and 70% in samples treated with Viscozyme® L and Celluclast® 1.5L, respectively. Enzymatically treated cranberry pomace has a different composition and technological properties depending on the enzyme used for hydrolysis and can be used in various novel food products.
The Effects of Breed and Residual Feed Intake Divergence on the Abundance and Active Population of Rumen Microbiota in Beef Cattle

Simple Summary This study assessed the effects of breed and feed efficiency on rumen microbiota in a total of 96 beef steers, with three breeds and divergent residual feed intakes. The abundance and activity of the total bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and fungi in the rumens were estimated by measuring the copy numbers of their respective marker genes at both DNA (abundance) and RNA (activity) levels. Our results evidence the effect of breed on four microbial groups. Past studies have been mainly focused on bacteria and archaea, yet ours is the first study to reveal the effect of breed (host genetics) on rumen eukaryotes, suggesting that host genetics can regulate the rumen microbiota as a whole, highlighting the potential of manipulating and obtaining desirable and efficient rumen microbiota using breeding and genetic selection. Abstract To assess the effects of residual feed intake (RFI) and breed on rumen microbiota, the abundance (DNA) and active population (RNA) of the total bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and fungi in the rumen of 96 beef steers from three different breeds (Angus (AN), Charolais (CH), and Kinsella Composite (KC)), and divergent RFIs (High vs Low), were estimated by measuring their respective maker gene copies using qRT-PCR. All experimental animals were kept under the same feedlot condition and fed with the same high-energy finishing diet. Rumen content samples were collected at slaughter and used for the extraction of genetic material (DNA and RNA) and further analysis. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) between the marker gene copies detected for abundance and active populations for all four microbial groups. AN steers had a higher abundance of bacteria (p < 0.05) and a lower abundance of eukaryotes (protozoa and fungi, p < 0.05) compared to KC steers, while the abundance of protozoa (p < 0.05) in the AN cattle and fungi (p < 0.05) in the KC cattle were lower and higher, respectively, than those in the CH steers. Meanwhile, the active populations of bacteria, archaea, and protozoa in the KC steers were significantly lower than those in the AN and CH animals (p < 0.01). This work demonstrates that cattle breed can affect rumen microbiota at both the abundance and activity level. The revealed highly active protozoal populations indicate their important role in rumen microbial fermentation under a feedlot diet, which warrants further study.
Early Season Root and Shoot Growth of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple on Four Rootstocks as Affected by Pruning at Planting1

Apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Smoothee Golden Delicious) on 4 rootstocks Mailing (M) 9, Malling-Merton 106/M 9, MM 106, and seedling, received 4 pruning treatments at planting: no pruning, shoot pruned to 70 cm above graft union and branches removed, root pruned to 1/3 its original volume, or shoot and root both pruned as above, to determine effects on early shoot and root growth. Shoot pruning stimulated rapid new shoot growth and resulted in the highest new shoot relative growth rate and new shoot/total shoot dry weight ratio. Also, shoot pruning, with and without root pruning, resulted in very little root dry weight increase up to 8 weeks after planting, indicating a competitive inhibition of root growth by rapid new shoot growth. Root pruning, with and without shoot pruning, stimulated the greatest amount of new, white root formation soon after planting, but these contributed very little to root dry weight. Shoot- and root-pruned trees had the lowest shoot and root dry weights with all rootstocks. Pruning treatments significantly altered the root/shoot ratios of trees on M 9 and MM 106/M 9, but not on MM 106 and seedling. Shoot pruning of trees on M 9 caused the greatest deviation of root/shoot ratio from unpruned, heavily favoring shoot growth.
Industry Perspectives of the Potential of Wearable Robot for Pipe Installation Work

– The physically demanding nature of construction work exposes workers to ergonomic risks resulting back-related musculoskeletal disorders. Back injuries amongst pipe installers increased by 2.3 times in the last year. Back support exoskeletons are emerging as a potential intervention to address back injuries. Without willingness of construction workers to use back-support exoskeletons, the intervention will not be successful in the construction industry. This paper presents the perception of pipe installers regarding the suitability of a commercially available back-support exoskeleton for pipe installation work. Fourteen pipe installers performed their regular work task with a passive exoskeleton during which they provided their experience with the wearable technology. The results indicate that the benefits of the exoskeleton, barriers to the use of the exoskeleton and modifications to the design of the exoskeleton. Participants perceived health benefits in terms of reduced back stress and recommended employing the exoskeleton for outdoor manual labor activities. There were concerns about the use of the exoskeleton in confined spaces and the compatibility of the exoskeleton with on-site safety provisions. Integration of safety harness with the wearable robot was identified to be an essential modification. The findings showcase willingness amongst the pipe installers to adopt exoskeletons. This study contributes to the existing literature on the suitability of passive back-support exoskeleton in construction.
Identification of poisonous plants and their solutions for traditional livestock in Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Pratama AM, Herawati O, Nuranisa NR, Hanifah N, Wijayanti AD, Rahmatullah S, Nurani E, Budiyanto A. 2021. Identification of poisonous plants and their solutions for traditional livestock in Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 446-452. Local farmers in Bojonegoro District use plants as the main food source and to treat several diseases for their livestock. However, they also comprise a large variety of poisonous plants known by a secondary chemical compound that causes death in the livestock. This study aims to identify the potentially poisonous plants to livestock and their veterinary importance. The study was conducted by interviewing local farmers as we require data as a source of information to provide an overview of their knowledge and experience about poisonous plants that can endanger livestock health. Respondents consisted of 40 local farmers from more than 20 livestock groups in Bojonegoro District. Data were analyzed by Frequency of Citation (Fic), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Frequency of Plant Part (FPP), Symptoms of Poisonous Plants Frequency (SPPF), Livestock Affected Frequency (LAF). A total of nine plants were identified and documented to have poisonous effects on livestock animals, namely leaf of lophatheri (Lophatherum gracile), leaf and tuber skin of cassava (Manihot esculenta), leaf of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), leaf of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), leaf of Chinese albizia (Albizia chinensis), leaf of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), leaf of peanut (Arachis hypogaea), rotten fruit of (jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus), and leaf of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus). Leaf of Lophatherum gracile was the most poisonous plant part for livestock. Furthermore, the leaves of plants are frequently poisonous. Bloating, hypersalivation, frothy mouth, death, and inappetence were among the frequently manifested signs by poisoned livestock. Moreover, this study showed that ruminants species were the most susceptible to poisoned animals. Improper handling of plants for animal feed is thought to trigger poisoning. Therefore a proper feeding preparation is needed before being given as forage. Although those plants can cause toxic effects on livestock, they have tremendous potential to become herbal medicine with the proper formulation.
Search for narrow resonances using the dijet mass spectrum in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV

Results are presented of a search for the production of new particles decaying to pairs of partons (quarks, antiquarks, or gluons), in the dijet mass spectrum in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.0 inverse femtobarns, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2012. No significant evidence for narrow resonance production is observed. Upper limits are set at the 95% confidence level on the production cross section of hypothetical new particles decaying to quark-quark, quark-gluon, or gluon-gluon final states. These limits are then translated into lower limits on the masses of new resonances in specific scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. The limits reach up to 4.8 TeV, depending on the model, and extend previous exclusions from similar searches performed at lower collision energies. For the first time mass limits are set for the Randall-Sundrum graviton model in the dijet channel.
acute effect of common peroneal nerve electrical stimulation on quadriceps maximum activity failure in patient with knee osteo arthritis after ten physiotherapy sessions

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent OA worldwide, particularly in the USA. Studies show that knee OA leads to functional limitations, including problems with weight tolerance during walking, climbing stairs, household activities, and lightweight package transport. Since the quadriceps muscles play a critical role in weight tolerance throughout the knee joint, weakness in these muscles diminishes the capacity to protect the knee and results in knee susceptibility to more physical stress and developed structural injuries. Abnormal quadriceps muscle functioning that often manifests into weakness is part of a movement disorder presumably due to certain neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke, etc., or knee injuries after surgery, arthritis, traumatic injuries, and more. This weakness can originate from atrophy or neural inhibition that prevents maximal activation of the quadriceps muscle. This condition is called arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI), which Hopkins first introduced in 1990. AMI is associated with several causes, including swelling, inflammation, pain, joint stiffness, and structural damage, though the importance of these causes remains unclear. Consistently, this phenomenon is caused by discharging the sensory receptors in the damaged knee joint.