Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Lagrangian‐based analysis of extratropical cyclones. I: The method and some applications

A Lagrangian‐based method of analysis is introduced to examine the space‐time structure and dynamics of extratropical cyclogenesis. the three‐step method involves the calculation of extensive ensembles of trajectories, the evaluation of the Lagrangian time‐trace of physical variables along these paths, and the application of objective selection criteria to identify significant Lagrangian structures. the approach can provide a qualitative depiction of, quantitative information about, and dynamical insight into, key features of mid‐latitude cyclones. In this, the first of a two‐part study, examples are given of the application of the method. A case‐study approach has been adopted and used to identify coherent ensembles of trajectories (CETs) whose dynamics are seminal to an event of Atlantic cyclogenesis, to trace the origin of subsynoptic potential vorticity anomalies, and to analyse stratosphere‐troposphere exchange accompanying extratropical cyclogenesis. In addition, a statistical investigation has been made of the climatology of CETs in the northern hemisphere for one particular winter month. Some consideration has been given to the shortcomings and potential of the method, and its complementarity with other approaches.
Preoperative oral fluoroquinolone antibiotics in elective colorectal surgery to prevent surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Preoperative treatment with oral neomycin combined with erythromycin or metronidazole is recommended to decrease the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) in elective colorectal surgery. However, oral neomycin is not commercially available in Canada, and therefore it is not routinely used. Fluoroquinolones are widely available and have excellent activity against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this systematic review was to identify, critically appraise and summarize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of preoperative use of oral fluoroquinolone antibiotics for the prevention of SSIs in adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection. Methods: Following Cochrane guidelines, we included English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral fluoroquinolones plus routine preoperative intravenous antibiotics against intravenous antibiotics alone from MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials( Ovid) and ClinicalTrials.gov. Results: We included 3 RCTs (1136 patients). Risk of bias was uncertain in 2 trials and high in 1 trial. Preoperative oral fluoroquinolones led to significantly decreased total SSIs (risk ratio [RR] 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32–0.57, I2 = 0%), superficial incisional (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.22–0.68, I2 = 32%), deep incisional (RR 0.19, 95% CI 0.06–0.65, I2 = 0%) and organ/space SSIs (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.12–0.90, I2 = 33%). There was also a significant reduction in anastomotic leaks (RR 0.22, 95% CI 0.06–0.87, I2 = 0%). No antibiotic-related adverse events were reported. Conclusion: This review suggests that preoperative oral fluoroquinolones with intravenous antibiotics are superior to intravenous antibiotics alone for preventing SSIs after colorectal surgery. If neomycin is unavailable, oral fluoroquinolones should be considered as a reasonable alternative. Future trials are required to further compare the relative efficacy of oral antibiotic regimens.
Favorable Conditions for the Development of a Heavy Rainfall Event over Oahu during the 2006 Wet Period

AbstractDuring the 2006 wet period, as eastward-moving transient disturbances passed through a semipermanent low pressure system west of Hawaii, southerly winds east of the low strengthened bringing in higher than usual amounts of moisture from the deep tropics to Hawaii. All five heavy rainfall episodes during the wet period occurred during a southerly wind regime. Favorable conditions for the development of the Kahala Mall flood case on 31 March 2006 are examined. A high low-level θe axis across Hawaii indicated the existence of convective instability over Hawaii. A transient midlatitude trough extending southward merged with the semipermanent subtropical trough. The tropopause folding associated with the deepening subtropical trough contributed to the spinup of the Kona low. The advection of high-PV air in the upper troposphere enhanced upward motion downstream over Hawaii. The Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) simulation shows that latent heat release contributed to an eastward shift of the.
Modifying Text Messages from a Faith-Based Physical Activity Intervention with Latino Adults in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background Text messages are useful for health promotion and can be modified during public health emergencies. Purpose Describe how we developed and implemented a physical activity (PA) text messaging component within a faith-based intervention, modified the text message content in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluated participants’ perceptions of the modified text messages. Research Design and Study Sample PA promotion text messages were delivered to predominately Spanish-speaking, churchgoing Latino adults (n = 284) in Los Angeles, California. In 2020, we modified the messages to disseminate COVID-19-related information and support and share virtual PA resources. Data Collection and Analysis We analyzed quantitative and qualitative survey data to gauge participants’ experiences with the text messages. Results COVID-19 related text messages were a feasible, acceptable addition to a PA intervention for a sample of Latinos. Conclusions Throughout the pandemic, the messages enabled continued communication and support for PA and protection from COVID-19 in a population at high-risk of health inequities.
Convergence of Numerical Solutions to Stochastic Age-Structured System of Two Species with Diffusion

In general, most of stochastic age-structured system of two species with diffusion do not have explicit solutions, thus numerical approximation schemes are invaluable tools for exploring their properties. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a numerical scheme and show the convergence of the numerical approximation solution to the true solution for stochastic age-structured system of two species.
Stability in Terms of Two Measures for Stochastic Differential Equations with Markovian Switching

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the stability in terms of two measures for stochastic differential equations with Markovian switching by using the method of Lyapunov functions. Our new theory can not only be used to show a given system to be stochastically stable in the classical sense, but can also be used to deal with some situations where the classical stability theory is not applicable.
Global properties of interacting disk-type galaxies

Optical, far-IR, and radio observations of global properties are presented for a sample of strongly interacting disk-type galaxies. Global star formation rates (SFRs) for the galaxies span a large range and are, on average, a factor of 2.5 higher than similarly determined global SFRs for isolated spiral galaxies. New star formation occurs preferentially in or near the nuclear regions. H I 21 cm emission-line profiles indicate the presence of anomalous velocity material and chaotic patterns of gas motion in many interacting systems. Few systems show evidence for the presence of a well-organized rotating H I disk such as are seen in isolated spiral galaxies. Neutral hydrogen gas mass-to-blue luminosity ratios are not atypical when compared with isolated spirals. The evidence indicates that local rather than global properties of these galaxies govern the star-formation process. The observations generally support the notion that enhanced SFRs are caused by increased cloud collision rates and dissipative flows of gas to the nucleus. 76 references.
Cough Assessment and Management in Pulmonary Rehabilitation– A Canadian Survey

Abstract Pulmonary rehabilitation is a cornerstone intervention for controlling respiratory symptoms in people with chronic respiratory diseases. Chronic cough affects up to 90% of people with chronic respiratory diseases, however, it is currently unknown whether chronic cough is assessed and/or managed in pulmonary rehabilitation. This study aimed to determine if and how chronic cough is assessed and managed in pulmonary rehabilitation. This was a cross-sectional study. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs in Canada were identified via online websites. A representative from each program was invited to complete an online survey including the following topics: program demographics, assessment and management practices, and barriers and facilitators. Of 133 programs contacted, 31 returned a completed survey (23% response rate). Approximately half (52%) of respondents reported enrolling patients with chronic cough. Of those, 45% reported assessing and 62% reported intervening in chronic cough. Inadequate knowledge of assessment and management techniques was commonly identified to be a barrier and increased education was suggested as a possible facilitator. Based on pulmonary rehabilitation programs that responded to our survey, chronic cough is a prevalent symptom; however, it is scarcely assessed and managed. A need for structured education and the use of standardised strategies were reported as facilitators to the assessment and management of chronic cough in pulmonary rehabilitation.
Repetition effects in memory and truth assessments through the lens of transfer-appropriate processing

ABSTRACT The Transfer-appropriate Processing (TAP) framework has demonstrated enhanced recognition memory when processing operations engaged at encoding and at test match. Our research applied TAP to study the illusory truth effect (ITE). We investigated whether the match/mismatch of evaluative goals at encoding and at test affects the ITE. At encoding, participants saw target words (Experiments 1–3; or full trivia claims Experiments 4–5) and completed an evaluative goal: imagery task or vowel-counting. At test, participants saw target words embedded in trivia claims that were old or new and completed the same (matching) or different (mismatching) evaluative goal that they completed at encoding, before making truth or memory ratings. We found a typical TAP effect for memory judgements when people saw words at encoding, but no TAP effect when people saw claims at encoding. We also found an ITE when people saw claims at encoding, but no ITE when people saw words at encoding (no evidence of TAP moderating truth judgments). Together these results extend both the TAP and ITE literatures, suggesting boundary conditions for TAP and the conditions under which the ITE emerges.
Extended optical line emitting gas in powerful radio galaxies - statistical properties and physical conditions

The statistical results are presented of a search for extended optical emission-line gas in a sample of 38 predominantly powerful, flux-density selected, radio galaxies and of an additional five radio galaxies. The findings establish that spatially extended emission-line gas is common in powerful radio galaxies. Lower limits to the density of the emission-line gas at distances between 5 and 10 kpc from the galaxy nucleus are estimated at 0.1-1/cu cm, and upper limits to the total mass in emission-line gas are estimated at between 5 x 10 to the 7th and 5 x 10 to the 9th solar masses. Narrow emission-line luminosity is strongly correlated with both the total radio luminosity and the radio core power in the sample sources, and the core radio power is strongly correlated with the total radio luminosity. The number of photons required to photoionize the emission-line nebula correlates strongly with the number of ionizing photons emitted by the nucleus. 98 references.
Development of spider micro-structured optical arrays for x-ray optics

The Smart X-Ray Optics (SXO) project comprises a U.K.-based consortium developing active/adaptive micro-structured optical arrays (MOAs). These devices are designed to focus X-rays using grazing incidence reflection through consecutive aligned arrays of microscopic channels etched in silicon. Adaptability is achieved using a combination of piezoelectric actuators, which bend the edges of the silicon chip, and a spider structure, which forms a series of levers connecting the edges of the chip with the active area at the centre, effectively amplifying the bend radius. Test spider structures, have been bent to a radius of curvature smaller than 5 cm, indicating that in complete devices a suitable focal length using a tandem pair configuration could be achieved. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) modelling has been carried out for the optimization of the spider MOA device design. Prototype devices have been manufactured using a Viscous Plastic Processing technique for the PZT piezoelectric actuators, and a single wet etch step using {111} planes in a (110) silicon wafer for both the silicon channels and the spider structure. A surface roughness of 1.2 nm was achieved on the silicon channel walls. Characterisation techniques have been developed in order to evaluate the device performance in terms of the bending of the MOA channels produced by the actuators. This paper evaluates the progress to date on the development of spider MOA's comparing FEA modelling with the results obtained for prototype structures.
A theorem on the distribution of weights in a systematic code

A systematic code of word length n is a subspace of the vector space of all possible rows of n symbols chosen from a finite field. The weight of a vector is the number of its nonzero coordinates; clearly any given code contains a certain finite number of vectors of each weight from zero to n. This set of integers is called the spectrum of the code, and very little is known about it, although it appears to be important both mathematically and as a practical means of evaluating the error-detecting properties of the code. In this paper it is shown that the spectrum of a systematic code determines uniquely the spectrum of its dual code (the orthogonal vector space). In fact the two sets of integers are related by a system of linear equations. Consequently there is a set of conditions which must be satisfied by the weights which actually occur in a systematic code. If there is enough other information about the code, it is possible to use this result to calculate its spectrum.
Conductivity and spin-wave stiffness in disordered systems-an exactly soluble model

An exact discussion is given of the conductivity of disordered resistor networks and of the related problem of spin-wave stiffness in disordered Heisenberg ferromagnets, by considering the special case of the Bethe lattice. For arbitrary substitutional disorder an exact nonlinear integral equation is obtained for a generating function determining the conductivity and spin-wave stiffness in such branching models. An effective medium (coherent potential) approximation is shown to provide an asymptotically exact solution in the limit of high coordination number z. Its extension, to order (1/z)4, is obtained.
Predictors of Adolescents’ Response to a Web-Based Intervention to Improve Psychosocial Adjustment to Having an Appearance-Affecting Condition (Young Person’s Face IT): Prospective Study

Background Adolescents with a condition affecting their appearance that results in a visible difference can be at risk of psychosocial distress and impaired adjustment. Evidence for the effectiveness of existing interventions in improving psychosocial outcomes is limited, and relevant treatment can be difficult to access. Young Person’s Face IT (YPF), a self-guided web-based intervention, has demonstrated potential in reducing social anxiety in adolescents with a visible difference. However, more knowledge is needed about the variables that contribute to variations in intervention effects to identify those who may benefit most from YPF. Objective This study aimed to investigate demographic, psychosocial, and intervention-related variables as predictors of overall intervention effects after adolescents’ use of YPF. Methods We used longitudinal data collected as part of a larger, ongoing mixed methods project and randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03165331) investigating the effectiveness of the Norwegian version of YPF. Participants were 71 adolescents (mean age 13.98, SD 1.74 years; range 11-18 years; 43/71, 61% girls) with a wide range of visible differences. The adolescents completed primary (body esteem and social anxiety symptoms) and secondary (perceived stigmatization, life disengagement, and self-rated health satisfaction) outcome measures at baseline and postintervention measurement. The predictor variables were demographic (age and gender), psychosocial (frequency of teasing experiences related to aspects of the body and appearance as well as depressive and anxiety symptoms), and intervention-related (time spent on YPF) variables. Results Two-thirds (47/71, 66%) of the adolescents completed all YPF sessions and spent an average of 265 (SD 125) minutes on the intervention. Backward multiple regression analyses with a 2-tailed P-value threshold of . 20 revealed that several variables were retained in the final models and predicted postintervention outcome changes. Body esteem was predicted by age (P=.14) and frequency of teasing experiences (P=.09). Social anxiety symptoms were predicted by gender (P=.12), frequency of teasing experiences (P=.03), depressive and anxiety symptoms (P=.08), and time spent on YPF (P=.06). Perceived stigmatization was predicted by age (P=.09), gender (P=.09), frequency of teasing experiences (P=.19), and depressive and anxiety symptoms (P=.06). Life disengagement was predicted by gender (P=.03), depressive and anxiety symptoms (P=.001), and time spent on YPF (P=.14). Self-rated health satisfaction was predicted by age (P=.008). However, the results were limited by relatively low explained postintervention variance, ranging from 1.6% to 24.1%. Conclusions This study suggests that adolescent boys, adolescents who experience higher levels of psychosocial distress related to their visible difference, and adolescents who spend sufficient time on YPF may obtain better overall intervention effects.
Individual and community-level factors associated with iron-rich food consumption among children aged 6–23 months in Rwanda: A multilevel analysis of Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey

Background Iron-rich food consumption has an invaluable effect for neonatal and fetal brain development as well as metabolic activities. Despite the public health importance of the consumption of iron-rich foods, there was no study, that assessed iron-rich food consumption in Rwanda. Therefore this study aimed to assess iron-rich food consumption and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months using Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS). Methods Secondary data analysis was done using RDHS-2019/20. Total weighted samples of 2455 children aged 6–23 months were included. Data coding, cleaning, and analysis were performed using Stata 16. Multilevel binary logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with iron-rich food consumption. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% CI, and p-value <0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Results The prevalence of good iron-rich food consumption was 23.56%(95% CI: 21.92,25.28). Northern province of Rwanda (AOR = 0.26,95%CI: 0.15,0.46), mothers secondary education and above (AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.41, 4.01), married mothers (AOR:1.31, 95% CI: 1.01,1.71), rich wealth status (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.48, 2.86), having post-natal visit (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10,1.91), mothers media exposure (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.52) and drugs given for intestinal parasite (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.80) were associated with iron-rich food consumption. Conclusions This study shows that overall iron-rich foods consumption was low in Rwanda. The residing in the North province, mother’s secondary and higher educational status, married marital status, rich and middle wealth status, having media exposure, drugs given for intestinal parasites, and having child’s post-natal checkup were variables significantly associated with iron-rich food consumption. The region-based intervention will improve the consumption of iron-rich food. In addition, health policies and programs should target educating mothers/caregivers, encouraging parents to live together, improving their wealth status, working on mass media access by the women, and encouraging mothers post-natal checkups to improve iron-rich food consumption.
Correcting for unmeasured heterogeneity in hazard models using the Heckman-Singer procedure

A nonparametric strategy for correcting for unobserved heterogeneity in hazard models is described and used to examine the covariates of child mortality and birth interval length in the Republic of Korea. An attempt is also made "to discover whether the specific allowance for heterogeneity alters covariate effects estimates and conclusions that would have been reached in hazard models that ignore unobserved heterogeneity. " In addition the authors examine "the sensitivity of covariate-effect estimates to the imposition of a specific parametric form on the hazard and the sensitivity to different choices of parametric hazards. [and] offer suggestions about actually estimating such models to the investigator who is concerned about correcting for heterogeneity. " This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at the 1983 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index Vol. 49 No. 3 Fall 1983 p. 420). (EXCERPT)
Age-Related Differences in the Role of Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke

Background and Objectives Reports assessing the association of stroke risk factors with incident stroke have generally assumed a uniform magnitude of associations across the age spectrum, an assumption we assess in this report. Methods Participants enrolled 2003–2007 in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort study who were stroke free at baseline were followed for incident stroke. Associations of traditional stroke risk factors with incident stroke were assessed using (1) proportional hazards analysis based on the baseline age of the participant and (2) Poisson regression analysis assessing associations based on the changing age of the participant during their follow-up (age at exposure). In each analysis, age strata were selected to have a similar number of strokes in each stratum, specifically 45–64, 65–73, and 74+ years for the proportional hazards analysis and 45–69, 70–79, and 80+ years for Poisson regression. Results A total of 1,405 ischemic stroke events occurred among 28,235 participants over a median follow-up of 11.3 years, with a total of 276,074 person-years exposure. For both analytic approaches, the magnitude of the association with stroke was significantly less at older ages for diabetes (hazard or relative risk decreasing from ≈2.0 in younger strata to ≈1.3 in older strata), heart disease (from ≈2.0 to ≈1.3), and hypertension defined at a threshold of 140/90 mm Hg (from ≈1.80 to ≈1.50); however, there was no age-related difference in the magnitude of the association for smoking, atrial fibrillation, or left ventricular hypertrophy. Discussion Hypertension and diabetes are 2 of the more important risk factors for stroke; however, their association with stroke risk appears substantially less at older ages. That the magnitude of the association for smoking, atrial fibrillation, and left ventricular hypertrophy does not decrease with age suggests their relative importance in determining stroke risk likely increases with age.