Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Facilitating and Inhibiting Factors of Clinical Knowledge Sharing among Medical Specialists in University Hospitals

Background: Clinical knowledge sharing (CKS) is one of the key points of knowledge management in the field of health and significantly increases the quality of care and patient safety. It also provides the achievement of an efficient system in hospitals and educational and treatment centers involved in clinical processes in order to make the best clinical decisions. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that facilitate and inhibit CKS among medical specialists in the educational-treatment hospitals in Iran. Methods: This was an applied qualitative study with the conventional content analysis method conducted in 2022. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The participants were 13 medical specialists and sub-specialists working in educational-treatment hospitals of the country, who were selected by purposeful and snowball sampling. The method of data analysis was based on Graneheim and Lundman’s five-step method, which was followed by codes, sub-categories, main categories, and classifications. Results: After conducting the interviews and assessing their content, finally, 193 codes were extracted, which were identified in two general classification of facilitating and inhibiting factors with 92 and 101 concepts, respectively. Facilitating factors in the three main categories of “education in the context of culture, society and university”, “planning and implementation management”, and “behavioral-motivational factors” and inhibiting factors in the four main categories of “infrastructural, policy-making and cultural challenges”, “technological and scientific infrastructural challenges”, “personality-behavioral challenges”, and “financial and non-financial motivations” were classified. Conclusions: The participants of the research pointed out the effective role of CKS in keeping them up-to-date in the use of diagnostic, therapeutic, and even drug prescribing methods. According to their belief, knowledge sharing (KS) in the clinical setting will reduce diagnostic errors and cause the primordial prevention of diseases as well as increase the knowledge and awareness of the society members.
Increased risk of acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a nation-wide cohort study in Taiwan

Introduction Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be particularly vulnerable to the impact of traumatic events, yet the association between ASD and the risk of developing acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate this association, addressing the gap in large-scale evidence on the subject. Methods Conducted as a retrospective and matched cohort study, data was sourced from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan, spanning from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2015. The study included patients aged 18 years or under newly diagnosed with ASD (n=15,200) and compared them with a matched control group (n=45,600). The Cox proportional regression model was employed to assess the risk of acute stress disorder and PTSD. Results Over the 15-year follow-up period, a total of 132 participants developed either acute stress disorder or PTSD. Among them, 105 cases (0.691% or 64.90 per 100,000 person-years) were in the ASD group, while 27 cases (0.059% or 5.38 per 100,000 person-years) were in the control group. The adjusted hazard ratio for the ASD group was significantly higher compared to the control group (25.661 with 95% CI = 15.913-41.232; P < .001). Discussion This study provides compelling evidence that individuals with ASD face an elevated risk of developing acute stress disorder and PTSD. The findings underscore the importance of clinicians recognizing and addressing this vulnerability in ASD individuals exposed to traumatic events. This emphasizes the need for heightened attention to the risk of PTSD and acute stress disorder in the ASD population.
Recent Trends in the Effect of Race and Gender on the Orthopedics Match

Introduction Orthopedics has a reputation for being competitive but not diverse. Leaders of the orthopedics community have been making efforts to increase the participation of women and minorities in the field by raising awareness and strengthening pipeline programs. We aim to explore the trends in the risk of not matching by comparing the proportions of women and underrepresented populations in the applicant pools versus proportions in residency programs. Simultaneously, we aim to evaluate if women or underrepresented population applicants exhibit a lower likelihood of applying to orthopedics compared to male and White applicants. Methods The study received an IRB exemption. The authors collected Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) data books for the years 2015-2016 to 2022-2023 to obtain demographic information on orthopedic residents in training during each of those academic years. The pool of corresponding applicants (for example: residents in training during the 2021-2022 academic year would consist of five classes, made up of applicants from 2016-2017 to 2020-2021) was then tabulated from Electronic Residency Applications Service (ERAS) statistics, which are publicly available on the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) website. The race and gender composition of the applicant pool was compared to that of corresponding enrolled residents to calculate the relative risk (RR) of women not matching compared to men and underrepresented population applicants (Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans) compared to White applicants. ERAS data was subsequently used to calculate the percentages of each demographic applying to all residency programs and orthopedic programs. Results For female applicants into orthopedic residency, they had a similar RR of going unmatched when compared to their male counterparts. In the academic year 2020-2021, there was an exception to this as women had a slightly higher RR of going unmatched. All underrepresented populations had a higher risk of not matching compared to White applicants for all cycles, peaking for residents in training in 2020-2021. The trendline improved for residents in the following year. Throughout the study, women accounted for 46.61% of applicants applying for any residency; however, they only accounted for 16.98% of applicants applying for orthopedic residency. A similar discrepancy is noted among Asian applicants but not Black or Hispanic applicants. Conclusions Underrepresented populations were increasingly less likely to match into orthopedics relative to White applicants until 2021. In the academic year of 2021-2022, there was an improvement in this trend for all studied underrepresented populations. Although the exact explanation for this is unclear, it is associated with the transition to virtual applicant interactions. The female gender did not appear to be a consistent advantage or disadvantage in the match. Women and Asian applicants were less likely to apply to orthopedics than other specialties.
Radiolaria from the Eastern Indian Ocean, DSDP Leg 22

Contribution No. 3102 of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. where lithologic changes were commonplace, such as the cores at Hole 217A, were sampled at much closer intervals. Slides of coarse fraction preparations (>62 microns) were prepared according to the standard techniques described by Riedel (1957). All samples were examined and described in a preliminary way for the purposes of this report. Assemblages from several intervals in the Cenozoic appeared to contain forms which are currently undescribed or whose stratigraphic ranges have not been determined. These forms will be treated in a more detailed investigation of the Leg 22 material and other Indian Ocean cores, which will be undertaken following the publication of this report. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the occurrences at Leg 22 Sites of radiolarian taxa previously known to be stratigraphically useful. These data are discussed and summarized in tabular form in the next section, "Radiolarians at Each Site". Two of the sites, 214 and 216, together recovered continuously cored radiolarianrich sediment representing the Quaternary through upper Eocene. The drilling depths at these two sites have been used as a scale for tabulating the upper and lower limits of the Cenozoic taxa used in this study (see Figure 2). Calcareous microfossils cooccur with Radiolaria in most sections in which Radiolaria are present (see Figure 1). As a result, a correlation can be established between the radiolarian ranges and zonations and the standard nannoplankton and foraminiferal zonations, as has been done in previous reports (Bronnimann et al., 1971). These correlations are presented and discussed in the "Biostratigraphic Synthesis" (Chapter 40). Since much of the eastern Indian Ocean has been presumed to be of pre-Cenozoic age (Smith and Hallam, 1970; Dietz and Holden, 1970; Tarling, 1971; McKenzie and Sclater, 1971), it was anticipated that several of the
Exploiting Maximum Entropy method and ASTER data for assessing debris flow and debris slide susceptibility for the Giampilieri catchment (north‐eastern Sicily, Italy)

This study aims at evaluating the performance of the Maximum Entropy method in assessing landslide susceptibility, exploiting topographic and multispectral remote sensing predictors. We selected the catchment of the Giampilieri stream, which is located in the north‐eastern sector of Sicily (southern Italy), as test site. On 1 October 2009, a storm rainfall triggered in this area hundreds of debris flow/avalanche phenomena causing extensive economical damage and loss of life. Within this area a presence‐only‐based statistical method was applied to obtain susceptibility models capable of distinguishing future activation sites of debris flow and debris slide, which where the main source of failure mechanisms for flow or avalanche type propagation. The set of predictors used in this experiment comprised primary and secondary topographic attributes, derived by processing a high resolution digital elevation model, CORINE land cover data and a set of vegetation and mineral indices obtained by processing multispectral ASTER images. All the selected data sources are dated before the disaster. A spatially random partition technique was adopted for validation, generating 50 replicates for each of the two considered movement typologies in order to assess accuracy, precision and reliability of the models. The debris slide and debris flow susceptibility models produced high performances with the first type being the best fit. The evaluation of the probability estimates around the mean value for each mapped pixel shows an inverted relation, with the most robust models corresponding to the debris flows. With respect to the role of each predictor within the modelling phase, debris flows appeared to be primarily controlled by topographic attributes whilst the debris slides were better explained by remotely sensed derived indices, particularly by the occurrence of previous wildfires across the slope. The overall excellent performances of the two models suggest promising perspectives for the application of presence‐only methods and remote sensing derived predictors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Site characteristics of selected mires and surrounding spruce forests on the Pokljuka plateau

This research focuses on the spruce mires of the Pokljuka plateau, which like raised bogs can also be classified as peat bogs. By using cluster analysis of the phytosociological releves, we have classified the mires into several groups that belong to different syntaxa. Apart from a similar vegetation structure, the defined groups also have specific hydrological and ecological conditions, which emphasises the indicative value of the vegetation. Because of significant differences, the vegetation groups are classified mainly according to the levels of soil humidity, the pH value of the soil, the amount of total carbon and the C/N ratio of the soil. The groups are, apparently, also different according to their average quantities of Ca, H and Al exchangeable cations.
Saudi Female Sexual Dysfunction After Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Background Obesity disrupts the equilibrium of sexual hormones, resulting in decreased sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of substantial weight loss after bariatric surgery on sexual function, psychological health, and the overall quality of sexual life in a group of Saudi females. Method The study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted at King Fahad Hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia. The study included adult female patients who had previously undergone bariatric surgery. We used the Sexual Quality of Life for Female (SQoL-F) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaires to collect data. The study was extended from January 1, 2021, to December 30, 2022. Results A total of 100 participants were included in this study, all the samples underwent vertical sleeve gastrectomy, their mean age was 36.7±9.3, 94% (n=94) of the respondents had high school education or above, 50.0% (n=50) were unemployed, and around 13% (n=13) of the samples had a psychiatric history. Surgery complications were reported in 10% (n=10), which were reported as esophagitis (n=4), gastric ulcer (n=2), gastric stricture (n=1), infection (n=2), and leakage (n=1). The median of the FSFI and SQoL-F was 47.0 and 24.5, respectively. Approximately 66% of the respondents agreed that their sexual lives improved after surgery, 22% did not feel any difference before and after surgery, and 9% witnessed deterioration. In total, 61.0% had female sexual dysfunction (FSD) (25% had no dysfunction afterward, 45% had mild dysfunction, 27% suffered mild to moderate dysfunction, and only 2% had severe dysfunction). Regarding SQoL-F, the mean score was 5.59 for sexual repression, 6.1 for self-worthlessness, 18.56 for sexual and relationship satisfaction, and 16.4 for psychological feelings. Conclusions Bariatric surgery was associated with the improvement of female sexual function.
Recurrence and Survival Following Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Synchronous and Metachronous Peritoneal Metastases of Colorectal Origin

Simple Summary Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has notably improved the 5-year survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with peritoneal metastases (PM). This study investigated recurrence patterns and survival outcomes in patients with synchronous versus metachronous PM following complete CRS+HIPEC. Among 310 patients studied from June 2006 to December 2020, the recurrence rate was 79.7%, and sites were most frequently isolated peritoneal and multifocal recurrence. Recurrence locations did not differ between synchronous and metachronous PM groups. Notably, patients with metachronous PM had a shorter disease-free survival compared to synchronous PM (9.4 vs. 12.5 months, p = 0.01); however, the overall survival was similar. Despite frequent recurrence, especially at extraperitoneal sites, long-term survival was achievable after CRS+HIPEC in CRC patients with PM. Abstract Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has improved the 5-year survival for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with peritoneal metastases (PM). Little is known about recurrence patterns and recurrence rates between synchronous (S) and metachronous (M) PM following CRS+HIPEC. We aimed to describe the recurrence patterns, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in S-PM and M-PM patients after complete CRS+HIPEC. From June 2006 to December 2020, a prospective cohort study included 310 CRC patients, where 181 patients had S-PM (58.4%) and 129 patients had M-PM (41.6%). After a median 10.3-month follow-up, 247/310 (79.7%) patients experienced recurrence, and recurrence sites included isolated peritoneal (32.4%), multifocal (peritoneal and liver and/or lung(s)) (22.7%), isolated liver (17.8%), isolated lung (10.5%) and other (16.6%) sites. Recurrence patterns did not differ between S-PM and M-PM. M-PM patients had an impaired DFS compared to S-PM patients (9.4 months (95% CI: 7.3–12.1) vs. 12.5 months (95% CI: 11.2–13.9), p = 0.01). The median OS was similar for S-PM and M-PM (38.4 months (95% CI: 31.2–46.8) vs. 40.8 months (95% CI: 28.8–46.8), p = 0.86). Despite frequent recurrence at extraperitoneal locations, long-term survival was achievable after CRS+HIPEC in CRC patients with PM. The recurrence patterns and OS did not differ between groups, yet M-PM patients had a shorter DFS.
Studier av kognitiv beteendeterapi och gradvis ökad träning vid ME/CFS är missvisande

Det har publicerats ett flertal studier av kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) och gradvis okad traning vid kroniskt trotthetssyndrom (ME/CFS) utifran en behandlingsmodell som sager att sjukdomen vidmakthalls av kognitiva processer. Trots att studierna varit bristfalliga och modellen saknar vetenskapligt stod, framstalls behandlingarna ofta som evidensbaserade. Studierna ar oblindade och bygger pa subjektiva utfallsparametrar. Det saknas objektiva matt pa foljsamhet. Patientgrupperna ar otydligt definierade och inkluderar ofta trotta patienter med psykiatriska diagnoser. Den bakomliggande modellen har inget teoretiskt stod och motsags av fysiologiska fynd. Enkater fran patientorganisationer visar att KBT inte ger battre resultat an placebo och att gradvis okad traning leder till forsamring. Kognitiv beteendeterapi och grad-vis okad traning vid ME/CFS kan darfor inte betraktas som evidensbaserade interventioner.
Aspartame and diet soda impact on blood sugar and insulin in Wistar rat

Research reports on the safety of Aspartame as a sugar substitute which was intended to reduce the prevalence of metabolic disorders has been inconclusive. Thus, this study is aimed at investigating the effects of aspartame and diet soda on body weight, blood sugar and insulin levels. Thirty seven Wistar rats were divided into: Group 1 (5): control group and administered 5ml of distilled water daily. Groups 2 and 3 (8 each) received high and low doses of diet soda respectively. Groups 4 and 5 (8 each) received high (45 mg/ kg b.w) and low (22.5 mg/kg b.w) doses of aspartame respectively. After 10 weeks, the rats were subjected to an overnight fast for the determination of fasting blood sugar test after which they were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected and the pancreas harvested and put in formal saline for histological analysis. Insulin level was measured using ELISA technique. Results show various morphological changes in the pancreas of all experimental groups, including hypoplastic islet, vascular congestion and ulceration, nerve hypertrophy, amongst others. Body weight was significantly increased in groups given high diet soda (114 ± 0.12g) and aspartame (121 ± 0.17g) when compared with the control (85 ± 0.21g). However, there was no significant difference in fasting blood sugar and insulin levels in all treated groups compared to control. In conclusion, this study has shown that chronic consumption of aspartame and diet soda increased body weight, but no effect on blood sugar and insulin levels. The adverse effects on pancreas morphology suggest impending health implications.
Azimuthal and Radial Variation of Wind-Generated Surface Waves inside Tropical Cyclones

AbstractFor wind-generated waves, the wind-wave triplets (reference wind speed, significant wave height, and spectral peak wave period) are intimately connected through the fetch- or duration-limited wave growth functions. The full set of the triplets can be obtained knowing only one of the three, together with the input of fetch (duration) information using the pair of fetch-limited (duration limited) wave growth functions. The air–sea energy and momentum exchanges are functions of the wind-wave triplets, and they can be quantified with the wind-wave growth functions. Previous studies have shown that the wave development inside hurricanes follows essentially the same growth functions established for steady wind forcing conditions. This paper presents the analysis of wind-wave triplets collected inside Hurricane Bonnie 1998 at category 2 stage along 10 transects radiating from the hurricane center. A fetch model is formulated for any location inside the hurricane. Applying the fetch model to the 2D hurric.
Low Concentrations of Gold Nanoparticles as Electric Charge Carriers in Piezoelectric Cement-Based Materials

Piezoelectric cement-based composites could serve to monitor the strain state of structural elements or act as self-powered materials in structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. The incorporation of piezoelectric materials as an active phase within cement matrices has presented a highly attractive avenue until today. However, their application is challenged by the low electrical conductivity of the hydrated cement matrix. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) possess substantial potential for elevating the free electrical charge within the matrix, increasing its electrical conductivity between the Au NPs and the cement matrix, thereby enhancing the piezoelectric response of the composite. In this sense, the objective of this study is to investigate the effects of incorporating low concentrations of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) (442 and 658 ppm) on the electrical and piezoelectric properties of cement-based composites. Additionally, this study considers the effects of such properties when the material is cured under a constant electric field. Electrical impedance spectroscopy was used to evaluate the polarization resistance and piezoresistive properties of the material. Additionally, open-circuit potential measurements were taken alongside the application of mechanical loads to assess the piezoelectric activity of the composites. The findings revealed a notable decrease in the composite’s total electrical resistance, reaching a value of 1.5 ± 0.2 kΩ, almost four times lower than the reference specimens. In the realm of piezoelectricity, the piezoelectric voltage parameter g33 exhibited a remarkable advancement, improving by a factor of 57 when compared to reference specimens. This significant enhancement can be attributed to both the concentration of Au NPs and the electrical curing process. In summary, the outcomes of this study underscore the feasibility of creating a highly electrically conductive cement-based matrix, using low concentrations of gold nanoparticles as electric charge carries, and indicate the possible piezoelectric behavior of the studied compposite.
Gut–Liver Axis as a Therapeutic Target for Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a liver disease that remains difficult to predict and diagnose, and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully clarified. The gut–liver axis refers to the reciprocal interactions between the gut and the liver, and its homeostasis plays a prominent role in maintaining liver health. It has been recently reported that patients and animals with DILI have a disrupted gut–liver axis, involving altered gut microbiota composition, increased intestinal permeability and lipopolysaccharide translocation, decreased short-chain fatty acids production, and impaired bile acid metabolism homeostasis. The present review will summarize the evidence from both clinical and preclinical studies about the role of the gut–liver axis in the pathogenesis of DILI. Moreover, we will focus attention on the potential therapeutic strategies for DILI based on improving gut–liver axis function, including herbs and phytochemicals, probiotics, fecal microbial transplantation, postbiotics, bile acids, and Farnesoid X receptor agonists.