Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REVISTA AIDIS

Most of the nutrients that are essential for crops, mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, are found in human urine in sufficient quantities, and in most cases, they are more adequate and sustainable even when compared to commercial chemical fertilizers. This work evaluated the growth of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .) and coriander ( Coriandrum sativum ) submitted to the use of human urine as a biofertilizer. A treatment was carried out in the urine using the storage method, as a way to decontaminate pathogens. The experimental design used was a randomized block, with 5 treatments and 4 replicates, which were: T1 – only water; T2 – water + 15% urine; T3 – water + 30% urine; T4 – water + 45% urine; and T5 – water + 60% urine for sunflower cultivation. In relation to coriander, it was used in T1 – only water; T2 – water + 5% urine; T3 – water + 10% urine; T4 – water + 15% urine; and T5 – water + 20% urine. The experiment evaluated for sunflower and coriander the following: stem diameter (SD); Plant Height (PH); Leaf number (LN), Root length (RL) and Total Dry Mass of the Plant (PDM). The T1 and T2 treatments in sunflower cultivation showed higher mean values of SD, PH, LN and PDM. The T2 treatment in the cultivation of coriander showed greater development in relation to the variables SD, PH, LN and PDM. Thus, the results indicate that the crops were able to absorb the nutrients contained in human urine, demonstrating that it is possible to replace chemical fertilizers, causing a reduction in their consumption.
The Effects of Fertilization Regime on the Growth Parameters and Bioactive Properties of Pot-Grown Cichorium spinosum L. Plants

: Cichorium spinosum L. is a wild edible species found mostly in coastal areas of the Medi-terranean basin. In this experiment, seven fertilization treatments varying in the amounts of N:P:K were applied via nutrient solution feeding in pot-grown C. spinosum plants, namely 100:100:100 (C111), 200:100:100 (C211), 200:200:200 (C222), 300:100:100 (C311), 300:200:200 (C322) and 300:300:300 (C333) ppm ratio of N:P:K and control where no fertilizers were added (C0). The growth parameters tested included the number and the fresh and dry weight of leaves, SPAD index, leaf area index (LAI) and specific leaf area (SLA). Bioactive parameters, including the antioxidant (OxHLIA and TBARS assays), anti-inflammatory (RAW 264.7 cell line) and cytotoxic (PLP2, AGS, CaCo2, VERO and MCF7 cell lines) were examined in aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of leaves. Fertilizer treatments benefited the growth parameters of spiny chicory, while the highest antioxidant activity was recorded for the C222 and C311 treatments. The application of fertilizers on C. spinosum plants had positive effects on plant growth, chemical composition and bioactive properties. data curation, N.P., B.P. and M.I. D. ; writing—original draft preparation, N.P., B.P., M.C. and M.I. D. ; writing—review and editing, L.B. and S.A. P.; visualization, S.A. P.; supervision, L.B and S.A. P.; project administration, L.B. and S.A. P.; funding
A Generalizable Approach to Predicting Performance on USMLE Step 2 CK

Introduction The elimination of the USMLE Step 1 three-digit score has created a deficit in standardized performance metrics for undergraduate medical educators and residency program directors. It is likely that there will be greater emphasis on USMLE Step 2 CK, an exam found to be associated with later clinical performance in residents and physicians. Because many previous models relied on Step 1 scores to predict student performance on Step 2 CK, we developed a model using other metrics. Materials and Methods Assessment data for 228 students in three cohorts (classes of 2018, 2019, and 2020) were collected, including the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), NBME Customized Assessment Service (CAS) exams and NBME Subject exams. A linear regression model was conducted to predict Step 2 CK scores at five time-points: at the end of years one and two and at three trimester intervals in year three. An additional cohort (class of 2021) was used to validate the model. Results Significant models were found at 5 time-points in the curriculum and increased in predictability as students progressed: end of year 1 (adj R2 = 0.29), end of year 2 (adj R2 = 0.34), clerkship trimester 1 (adj R2 = 0.52), clerkship trimester 2 (adj R2 = 0.58), clerkship trimester 3 (adj R2 = 0.62). Including Step 1 scores did not significantly improve the final model. Using metrics from the class of 2021, the model predicted Step 2 CK performance within a mean square error (MSE) of 8.3 points (SD = 6.8) at the end of year 1 increasing predictability incrementally to within a mean of 5.4 points (SD = 4.1) by the end of year 3. Conclusion This model is highly generalizable and enables medical educators to predict student performance on Step 2 CK in the absence of Step 1 quantitative data as early as the end of the first year of medical education with increasingly stronger predictions as students progressed through the clerkship year.
Global Attractor for the Navier-Stokes Equations with horizontal filtering

We consider a Large Eddy Simulation model for a homogeneous incompressible Newtonian fluid in a box space domain with periodic boundary conditions on the lateral boundaries and homogeneous Dirichlet conditions on the top and bottom boundaries, thus simulating a horizontal channel. The model is obtained through the application of an anisotropic horizontal filter, which is known to be less memory consuming from a numerical point of view, but provides less regularity with respect to the standard isotropic one defined as the inverse of the Helmholtz operator. It is known that there exists a unique regular weak solution to this model that depends weakly continuously on the initial datum. We show the existence of the global attractor for the semiflow given by the time-shift in the space of paths. We prove the continuity of the horizontal components of the flow under periodicity in all directions and discuss the possibility to introduce a solution semiflow.
Graph Laplacians and discrete reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces from restrictions

ABSTRACT We study kernel functions, and associated reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces over infinite, discrete, and countable sets V. Numerical analysis builds discrete models (e.g., finite element) for the purpose of finding approximate solutions to boundary value problems; using multiresolution-subdivision schemes in continuous domains. In this article, we turn the tables: Our object of study is realistic infinite discrete models in their own right; and we then use an analysis of suitable continuous counterpart problems, but now serving as a tool for obtaining solutions in the discrete world.
Low‐dose Ir‐doped TiO2 supported Pt‐Co bimetallic nanoparticles: A highly active and CO‐tolerant electrocatalyst towards methanol oxidation reaction

Highly stable and cost‐effective electrocatalysts are of importance in regulating energy conversion efficiency and commercial feasibility of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). So far, integrating transition metals into Pt‐based catalysts to enhance their catalytic performances for methanol electro‐oxidation reaction (MOR) at the anode of DMFCs has received significant interest. This study witnessed the first time of depositing Pt3Co1 alloy nanoparticles (NPs) on robust Ti0.9Ir0.1O2 supports utilizing a modified reduction method that used NaBH4 as a reducing agent in the absence of surfactants or stabilizers. This novel combination not only reduces the usage of costly and easily‐deactivated Pt but also significantly improves catalytic activity and poisoning tolerance for MOR. Regarding electrocatalytic performance, the onset potential and the mass activity of the Pt3Co1/Ti0.9Ir0.1O2 catalyst are ~0.1 V vs NHE and 316.16 mA/mgPt, respectively, which are 4.5‐fold lower and 1.5‐fold higher than the corresponding figures for the commercial Pt/C (E‐TEK) catalyst, ~0.45 vs NHE and 206.83 mA/mgPt, indicating superior catalytic activity and CO‐tolerance of the former over the latter. Furthermore, the superior anti‐poisoning ability and stability of the Pt3Co1/Ti0.9Ir0.1O2 catalyst are demonstrated by its 2.2‐fold higher If/Ib ratio in MOR and lower degradation rate in the 60‐min chronoamperometry (CA) and 3000‐cycle scanning tests than the Pt/C counterpart. These enhancements could be abscribed to synergistic influence between the Pt‐Co alloy NPs and the robust Ti0.9Ir0.1O2 support. The addition of Co into the catalyst to promote removal of Pt‐poisoning species as well as the use of highly corrosion‐resistant Ir‐doped TiO2 as a catalyst support play a decisive role in boosting electrochemical behaviors of the Pt3Co1/ Ti0.9Ir0.1O2 catalyst. Generally, the success of this work in synthesizing high‐performance Pt3Co1/Ti0.9Ir0.1O2 catalyst could serve as groundwork for further development of TiO2‐based material supported bimetallic catalysts for applications in the electrochemical catalysis field.
Probability-based preservational variations within the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota (China)

The Chengjiang biota (Yunnan Province, China) is a treasure trove of soft-bodied animal fossils from the earliest stages of the Cambrian explosion. The mechanisms contributing to its unique preservation, known as the Burgess Shale-type preservation, are well understood. However, little is known about the preservation differences between various animal groups within this biota. This study compares tissue-occurrence data of 11 major animal groups in the Chengjiang biota using a probabilistic methodology. The fossil-based data from this study is compared to previous decay experiments. This shows that all groups are not equally preserved with some higher taxa more likely to preserve soft tissues than others. These differences in fossil preservation between taxa can be explained by the interaction of biological and environmental characteristics. A bias also results from differential taxonomic recognition, as some taxa are easily recognized from even poorly preserved fragments while other specimens are difficult to assign to higher taxa even with exquisite preservation.
Amyloid Pathology in the Central Auditory Pathway of 5XFAD Mice Appears First in Auditory Cortex.

BACKGROUND Effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) will hinge on early detection. This has led to the search for early biomarkers that use non-invasive testing. One possible early biomarker is auditory temporal processing deficits, which reflect central auditory pathway dysfunction and precede cognitive and memory declines in AD. Gap detection is a measure of auditory temporal processing, is impaired in human AD, and is also impaired in the 5XFAD mouse model of AD. Gap detection deficits appear as early as postnatal day 60 in 5XFAD mice, months before cognitive deficits or cell death, supporting gap detection as an early biomarker. However, it remains unclear how gap detection deficits relate to the progression of amyloid pathology in the auditory system. OBJECTIVE To determine the progression of amyloid pathology throughout the central auditory system and across age in 5XFAD mice. METHODS We quantified intracellular and extracellular antibody labelling of Aβ 42 in 6 regions of the central auditory system from p14 to p150. RESULTS Pathology appeared first in primary auditory cortex (A1) as intracellular accumulation of Aβ 42 in layer 5 pyramidal neurons by age p21. Extracellular plaques appeared later, by age p90, in A1, medial geniculate body, and inferior colliculus. Auditory brainstem structures showed minimal amyloid pathology. We also observed pathology in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus, a brainstem structure that is outside of the central auditory pathway but which is involved in the acoustic startle reflex. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Aβ 42 accumulation, but not plaques, may impair gap detection.
Acute gouty arthritis attacks induced by a great toe injury: a case report and literature review

: Introduction: Gouty arthritis usually occurs in patients with hyperuricemia and can be induced by a variety of factors. Here, we describe a case of acute gouty arthritis attacks induced by a great toe injury and was successfully treated by benzbromarone and ibuprofen. Patient concerns: A 27-year-old Asian man with hyperuricemia informed us his first metatarsophalangeal joint of left foot began to redness and swelling, accompanied by severe pain presented 8 days after the toenail injury. Diagnoses: Laboratory tests confirmed as gouty arthritis with no signs of infection, but serum uric acid was significantly higher than normal at 523 μmol/L. Interventions: Drug treatment was adopted, including benzbromarone 100 mg daily, ibuprofen pills 75mg twice a day, and sodium bicarbonate tablets 0.5g three times a day. Outcomes: All of his symptoms of acute gouty arthritis attacks gradually disappear after drug treatment for a week and blood uric acid had dropped to 87 μmol/L two weeks later. Conclusion: When patients with a broken great toe present with symptoms of first metatarsophalangeal joint began to redness and swelling, accompanied by severe pain, acute gouty arthritis attacks should also be considered, and the drug treatment is effective.
Understanding the Development of Inclusive Schools

The current emphasis on individualised intervention programmes for students with special needs may not only be impractical, but also undesirable. This book compares and contrasts special needs approaches with school effectiveness strategies. The author sets out theories about inclusive schooling that arise out of a detailed scrutiny of practice. The link between theory and practice will be welcomed by many practitioners. With extensive examples from the field to illustrate Ainscow's ideas, this is an eminently accessible text.
Endovascular treatment versus femoropopliteal bypass surgery for TASC II type C lesions of the superficial femoral artery

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to compare the outcomes of endovascular treatment (ET) and femoropopliteal artery bypass (FPB) in patients with Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) II type C femoropopliteal lesions. Patients and methods: A total of 149 patients with symptomatic TASC II type C femoropopliteal lesions who underwent invasive treatment between January 2012 and January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups as the ET group (n=46; 34 males, 12 females; mean age: 64.3±10.3 years) and the FPB group (n=103; 82 males, 21 females; mean age: 62.9±8.2 years). Primary and secondary patency rates at 6, 12, and 24 months were evaluated. Results: The primary success rates for ET and FPB were 100%. Primary patency at 6, 12, and 24 months were 93.5%, 89.0%, 69.5%, respectively for ET and 86.4%, 81.5%, 72.8%, respectively for FPB (p>0.05). Secondary patency rates at 6, 12, and 24 months were 97.8%, 93.5%, %84.8, respectively for ET and 96.1%, 90.3%, 79.6%, respectively for FPB group (p=0.41). The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the FPB group (p<0.001). The cost of treatment was significantly higher in the FBP group (p=0.02). Conclusion: In TASC II type C patients, ET is a safe therapeutic option with lower in-hospital stay and treatment expenses and similar primary and secondary patency rates to FPB.
Looking forward, looking back: Strategic organization and the business model concept

In the past decade, the business model has emerged as a fundamental strategic and organizational concept. In this essay, we first “look back” to synthesize recent research on designing high-performing business models into two influential research streams. Managerial cognition grapples with the role of holistic mental models and strategic thinking for designing effective configurations of business model attributes. Learning processes address the uncertainties that emerge from the major disruptions that create opportunities for new business models. We then “look forward” to the exciting work on business models that remains for both extending current research and exploring broad societal impacts. Overall, we argue that the business model is rapidly replacing strategy as the most significant source of competitive advantage.
A SYSTEMATIC SEARCH FOR X-RAY CAVITIES IN GALAXY CLUSTERS, GROUPS, AND ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES

We perform a comprehensive study of X-ray cavities using a large sample of X-ray targets selected from the Chandra archive. The sample is selected to cover a large dynamic range including galaxy clusters, groups, and individual galaxies. Using β-modeling and unsharp masking techniques, we investigate the presence of X-ray cavities for 133 targets that have sufficient X-ray photons for analysis. We detect 148 X-ray cavities from 69 targets and measure their properties, including cavity size, angle, and distance from the center of the diffuse X-ray gas. We confirm the strong correlation between cavity size and distance from the X-ray center similar to previous studies. We find that the detection rates of X-ray cavities are similar among galaxy clusters, groups and individual galaxies, suggesting that the formation mechanism of X-ray cavities is independent of environment.
Variation in seagrass meadow respiration measured by aquatic eddy covariance

Accurate daily metabolic estimates of respiration, gross primary production, and net ecosystem metabolism are necessary to assess ecosystem health and blue carbon contributions of vegetated coastal ecosystems. Using our database of 2115 hourly benthic oxygen (O2) fluxes measured by aquatic eddy covariance, we examine how respiration for a Zostera marina seagrass meadow varies through night and day, and how this affects commonly performed metabolic estimates. Respiration decreased linearly by 29% through the night and a corresponding linear increase in daytime respiration coupled with production described by a standard photosynthesis–irradiance curve accurately predicted measured daytime O2 fluxes. Many studies have questioned the widely used assumption in metabolic estimates that nighttime and daytime respiration are constant and equal. However, if respiration can be approximated as we found here by linear relationships, standard means for calculating daily metabolic numbers remain valid if estimates are based on full 24‐h records of flux data.
Interference Mitigation for Cellular Networks: Fundamental Limits and Applications

Interference Mitigation for Cellular Networks: Fundamental Limits and Applications Lei Zhou Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2013 Interference is a key limiting factor in modern communication systems. In a wireless cellular network, the performance of cell-edge users is severely limited by the intercell interference. This thesis studies the use of interference-channel and relay-channel techniques to mitigate intercell interference and to improve the throughput and coverage of cellular networks. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the benefit of the proposed interference mitigation schemes through both information theoretical studies and applications in the cellular network. There are three mains results in this thesis: First, it is shown that for the K-user cyclic Gaussian interference channel, where the kth user interferes with only the (k − 1)th user (mod K) in the network, the Etkin-Tse-Wang power splitting strategy achieves the capacity region to within 2 bits in the weak interference regime. For the special 3-user case, this gap can be sharpened to 1 12 bits by the time-sharing technique. Second, it is shown that for a two-user Gaussian interference channel with an in-band-reception and out-of-band-transmission relay, generalized hash-and-forward together with Han-Kobayashi information splitting can achieve the capacity region of this channel to within a constant number of bits in a certain weak-relay regime. A generalized-degrees-of-freedom analysis in the high signal-to-noise ratio regime reveals that in the symmetric channel setting, each common relay bit improves the sum rate up to two bits. The third part of this thesis studies an uplink multicell joint processing model in which the base-stations are connected to a centralized processing server via ratelimited digital backhaul links. This thesis proposes a suboptimal achievability scheme employing the Wyner-Ziv compress-and-forward relaying technique and successive-interference-cancellation decoding. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that it results in achievable rate regions that are easily computable, in contrast to previous schemes in which the rate regions can only be characterized by exponential number of rate constraints.
General Relativity: an Einstein Centenary Survey

List of contributors Preface 1. An introductory survey S. W. Hawking and W. Israel 2. The confrontation between gravitation theory and experiment C. M. Will 3. Gravitational-radiation experiments D. H. Douglass and V. B. Braginsky 4. The initial value problem and the dynamical formulation of general relativity A. E. Fischer and J. E. Marsden 5. Global structure of spacetimes R. Geroch and G. T. Horowitz 6. The general theory of the mechanical, electromagnetic and thermodynamic properties of black holes B. Carter 7. An introduction to the theory of the Kerr metric and its peturbations S. Chandrasekhar 8. Black hole astrophysics R. D. Blandford and K. S. Thorne 9. The big bang cosmology - enigmas and nostrums R. H. Dicke and P. J. E. Peebles 10. Cosmology and the early universe Ya B. Zel'dovitch 11. Anisotropic and inhomogeneous relativistic cosmologies M. A. H. MacCallum 12. Singularities and time-asymmetry R. Penrose 13. Quantum field theory in curved spacetime G. W. Gibbons 14. Quantum gravity: the new synthesis B. S. DeWitt 15. The path-integral approach to quantum gravity S. W. Hawking 16. Ultraviolet divergences in quantum theories of gravitation S. Weinberg References Index.
Categorical Abstract Algebraic Logic

Following work on abstracting the concept of an algebra to that of an algebraic system and of an ordered algebra to that of an ordered algebraic system, the notion of a flrst-order structure is abstracted to obtain structure systems. The algebraic part of a structure system is an algebraic system rather than an algebra as is the case in the ordinary flrst-order structures. This abstraction is accompanied by the introduction of a suitably modifled notion of a countable flrst-order language with the aim of developing a flrst-order model theory of structure systems and, therefore, axiomatizing classes of structure systems. After introducing some basic constructions on structure systems, including the ultraproduct construction, an analog of ˆ
Evidence on the Existence of Inter-industry Differences in Capital Structure of Leading Indian Companies

The objective of this paper is to provide additional evidence on the inter industry differences in the Capital Structure of leading Indian companies in terms of market capitalization. Comparisons in the capital structure of 15 industrial groups namely Pharmaceutical, Non-Metallic Mineral Products, Power, Electric Equipment, Automotive, Chemical, Construction, Information Technology, Food-Beverages-Tobacco-Alcohol, Consumer Goods, Textile, Service, Metal, Retail/Wholesale and Others identified from 333 companies are made using three gearing ratios i.e. Total Debt to Net Worth ratio (TDNW), Long Term Debt to Net Worth ratio (LTDNW), Short Term Debt to Net Worth ratio (STDNW). One way ANOVA and Post hoc tests are employed for statistical analysis. Construction and Textile industries have a higher level of debt in their capital structure. However, Information Technology and Service industries are identified as least levered ones. Overall, the finding indicates IT and Service industry to be significantly different from other industry groups in case of all the debt ratios.