Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Adjoint Ocean Model Using Finite Elements: An Application to the South Atlantic

Abstract A new inverse model to study the large-scale ocean circulation and its associated heat and freshwater budget is developed. The model relies on traditional assumptions of mass, heat, and salt conservation. A three-dimensional velocity field that is in steady state and obeys geostrophy is derived. Using this flow field, the steady-state advection–diffusion equations for temperature and salinity are solved and the corresponding density is calculated. An optimization approach is used that adjusts reference velocities to get model parameters close to observations so that the velocities are in geostrophic balance with the model density field. In order to allow a variable spatial resolution, the finite-element method is used. The mesh is totally unstructured and the three-dimensional elements are tetrahedra. Climatological hydrographic data, observations of sea surface height (SSH) from satellite altimetry, and wind data are assimilated in the model. The advantages of the finite-element method make it p.
Calibration and accuracy of a particle number measurement system

The particle number method was introduced in the Euro 5/6 light-duty regulation and will also be introduced in the Euro VI heavy-duty regulation. The legislation requires yearly calibration or validation of the particle number systems with monodisperse aerosol for the determination of the particle number concentration reduction factor (PCRF); however, there are some open issues, like the material to be used. In this paper, we describe the new particle number system from AVL (APC) and its calibration procedure which gives repeatability of its PCRFs after 1 year of better than ±6% (two standard deviations of the differences). We show that the most important effect on the calibration results can come from the generation method (material and thermal pre-treatment). The use of neutralizers downstream and upstream of the DMA was found to have a small effect on the results. We also suggest faster and easier procedures for more frequent checks of the proper operation of the systems: (i) the check with polydisperse aerosol with a mean around 50 nm and (ii) the dilution factor check with gases. A third fast way is to compare the systems with a reference system, as two systems measuring at the same sampling position (full dilution tunnel) have <5% differences. Calibrated systems of different manufacturers have <10% differences, while non-(well)-calibrated systems might have >10% differences. Although light-duty legislation requires measurement from the full dilution tunnel, measurement from the partial flow systems (for heavy-duty engines) or directly from the tailpipe is also possible (at least with APC). Finally, the relation between particle number and particulate mass for light-duty and heavy-duty engines of different technologies is shown.
Modelling Organizational Performance Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia: Feature Extraction

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of knowledge sharing and Organizational Learning on Innovation and Organizational Performance, the innovation role as a mediator of knowledge sharing and Organizational. Theoretical framework: Good organizational learning affects organizational performance (Kittikunchotiwut, 2020). Besides, the company need not only source for information from the external environment. Rather, it also needs to search internally to create new ideas and organizational learning conducive and acceptable to the employees (Millmore, 2007). knowledge sharing in the organization ultimately contributes to employee performance Buckley & Carter (2002). Design/methodology/approach: This is causality research with a sample comprising of 217 managers of manufacturing companies in East Java, Indonesia. Primary data were obtained using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire and analyzed using the PLS-SEM approach. Structural equation modeling is employed to explain the relationship between variables and the mediating effects. Findings: The results showed knowledge sharing and organizational learning had a direct effect on innovation and organizational performance. Furthermore, the findings illustrate that innovation was able to mediate the impact of organizational learning on organizational performance, but was unable to mediate knowledge sharing on organizational performance. Research, Practical & Social implications: Knowledge sharing, organizational learning and innovation have been proven to improve organizational performance. Moreover, the managers need to convey a clear message to employees that the organization feels responsible for and appreciates them. The next step of this research topic are investigating spatial factor and changing in social live regarding with organizational performance. Originality/value: This reasearch focusses on studying effect of knowledge sharing and Organizational Learning on Innovation and Organizational Performance, the innovation role as a mediator. The higher the implementation of organizational learning and knowledge sharing, the higher the performance will be. The implementation of knowledge sharing in organizations causes employees to directly interact with their most knowledgeable colleagues, thereby acquiring new ideas and ultimately embracing innovation.
1D hybrid simulations of planetary ion‐pickup: Energy partition

Ion pickup in planetary environments results in unstable newborn ion populations with sufficient free energy to generate electromagnetic plasma waves. Estimates of the SO2+ pickup rates near the Jovian moon, Io, based on ion cyclotron wave observations assumed that the newborn pickup ions lose 50% of their energy to wave growth. Using one‐dimensional initial‐value hybrid simulation, we test this assumption and predict that at most ∼25% of the energy of the newborn ion population is lost to wave growth for conditions at Io. This energy is lost over >1400 SO2+ gyroperiods (∼1 hour), with the majority lost after saturation of the instability. Thus the saturation wave energy is low, at <3% of the newborn ion population's energy. In contrast, newborn ions in cometary environments saturate at substantially higher wave energies (∼30% of the newborn ion population's energy), but do not continue to lose energy afterwards.
Nurses' knowledge, barriers and practice in the care of patients with delirium in the intensive care unit in Poland—A cross-sectional study

Background Delirium is a cognitive disorder that occurs with high frequency in patients in intensive care units and affects patient outcomes. Despite recommendations for monitoring and assessing delirium in the ICU, studies show that it is still not routinely assessed and often remains undiagnosed or misinterpreted as dementia or depression. Aim The aim of this study was (1) to assess nurses' knowledge and clinical practices regarding delirium, (2) to identify the factors associated with nurses' knowledge, and (3) to define barriers to effective control of delirium. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 371 ICU nurses in Poland. Results 53.1% of nurses had never been educated on delirium control resulting in a deficit in knowledge of delirium symptoms, risk factors and complications associated with delirium in ICU patients. Master's degree in nursing (vs. Registered nurses + Bachelor's), female gender, and working in university hospital (vs. other) were positively correlated with nurse's knowledge, while age had a negative impact on knowledge. Delirium is a marginalized state in ICU patients, only 16.4% of nurses assessed delirium routinely and 35.8% assessed delirium occasionally, rarely using validated scales. Barriers to effective delirium control were primarily the lack of a requirement to assess delirium, the difficulty of assessing delirium in intubated patients and nurses' lack of confidence in their ability to use delirium assessment tools. Conclusions There is an urgent need to educate nurses about delirium and to make delirium assessment obligatory in clinical practice. The area of change should also include a hospital policy on delirium monitoring and management. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05384964).
LINEAR AND NONLINEAR DEVELOPMENT OF LOCALIZED DISTURBANCES IN ZERO AND ADVERSE PRESSURE GRADIENT BOUNDARY-LAYERS

Localized disturbances in laminar boundary-layers at Reynolds number Reδ*=950 were studied using direct numerical simulation. Instability mechanisms in both an adverse and zero pressure gradient were investigated by introducing three different three-dimensional disturbances. The first disturbance was centered around a pair of oblique waves in Fourier space, the second around a plane wave, while the third was axisymmetric. For small amplitudes, the first disturbance developed into a wave-packet of oblique waves in adverse pressure gradient and into a streaky structure with a trailing wave-packet in a zero pressure gradient. The second disturbance developed into a wave-packet centered around plane waves in both pressure gradients. The third disturbance developed into a wave-packet of plane waves in adverse pressure gradient and, due to the transient growth mechanism, into a streaky structure in a zero pressure gradient. For finite-amplitude plane wave-packets in a zero pressure gradient, a subharmonic secon.
Photocatalytic Properties of ZnO:Al/MAPbI3/Fe2O3 Heterostructure: First-Principles Calculations

We report on theoretical investigations of a methylammonium lead halide perovskite system loaded with iron oxide and aluminum zinc oxide (ZnO:Al/MAPbI3/Fe2O3) as a potential photocatalyst. When excited with visible light, this heterostructure is demonstrated to achieve a high hydrogen production yield via a z-scheme photocatalysis mechanism. The Fe2O3: MAPbI3 heterojunction plays the role of an electron donor, favoring the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the ZnO:Al compound acts as a shield against ions, preventing the surface degradation of MAPbI3 during the reaction, hence improving the charge transfer in the electrolyte. Moreover, our findings indicate that the ZnO:Al/MAPbI3 heterostructure effectively enhances electrons/holes separation and reduces their recombination, which drastically improves the photocatalytic activity. Based on our calculations, our heterostructure yields a high hydrogen production rate, estimated to be 265.05 μmol/g and 362.99 μmol/g, respectively, for a neutral pH and an acidic pH of 5. These theoretical yield values are very promising and provide interesting inputs for the development of stable halide perovskites known for their superlative photocatalytic properties.
GIS integrated RUSLE model-based soil loss estimation and watershed prioritization for land and water conservation aspects

Land degradation has become one of the major threats throughout the globe, affecting about 2.6 billion people in more than 100 countries. The highest rate of land degradation is in Asia, followed by Africa and Europe. Climate change coupled with anthropogenic activities have accelerated the rate of land degradation in developing nations. In India, land degradation has affected about 105.48 million hectares. Thus, modeling and mapping soil loss, and assessing the vulnerability threat of the active erosional processes in a region are the major challenges from the land and water conservation aspects. The present study attempted rigorous modeling to estimate soil loss from the Banas Basin of Rajasthan state, India, using GIS-integrated Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) equation. Priority ranking was computed for different watersheds in terms of the degree of soil loss from their catchments, so that appropriate conservation measures can be implemented. The total area of Banas basin (68,207.82 km2) was systematically separated into 25 watersheds ranging in area from 113.0 to 7626.8 km2. Rainfall dataset of Indian Meteorological Department for 30 years (1990–2020), FAO based Soil map for soil characterization, ALOS PALSAR digital elevation model for topographic assessment, and Sentinal-2 based land use and land cover map were integrated for modeling and mapping soil erosion/loss risk assessment. The total annual soil loss in the Banas basin was recorded as 21,766,048.8 tons. The areas under very low (0–1 t ha-1 year-1), low (1–5 t ha-1 year-1), medium (5–10 t ha-1 year-1), high (10–50 t ha-1 year-1) and extreme (>50 t ha-1 year-1) soil loss categories were recorded as 24.2, 66.8, 7.3, 0.9, and 0.7%, respectively, whereas the respective average annual soil loss values were obtained as 0.8, 3.0, 6.0, 23.1, and 52.0 t ha-1 year-1. The average annual soil loss among different watersheds was recorded in the range of 1.1–84.9 t ha-1 year-1, being highest (84.9 t ha-1 year-1) in WS18, followed by WS10 (38.4 t ha-1 year-1), SW25 (34.7 t ha-1 year-1) and WS23 (17.9 t ha-1 year-1), whereas it was lowest for WS8 (1.1 t ha-1 year-1). Thus, WS18 obtained the highest/top priority rank in terms of the average annual soil loss (84.9 t ha-1 year-1) to be considered as the first priority for land and water conservation planning and implementation. The quantitative results of this study would be useful for implementation of land and water conservation measures in the problematic areas of the Banas basin for controlling soil loss through water erosion.
A multipath model for T-wave generation by seafloor earthquakes

Seafloor earthquakes create seismoacoustic T waves traveling in the oceanic sound channel. T waves are useful to monitor earthquakes in the oceanic environment, allowing a reduction in detection threshold by at least two levels of magnitude. The physical processes involved in T‐wave generation are not well understood. For example, in the case of a perfectly flat ocean bottom at a depth greater than the sound channel, it is not clear how energy radiated by the source is coupled to the sound channel. Likewise, the relationship between earthquake source depth and moment, and the T‐wave amplitude and duration is not known. This paper investigates the coupling between seismic sources in the solid earth and T waves in the oceanic sound channel. In particular, the extended time duration of theT wave is related to coupling between the source and sound channel over an extended region at the seafloor, and this coupling is shown to be dependent on the seismic source depth. This work builds on previous observations b.
COVID-19 and Breast Cancer in Brazil

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate COVID-19 effects on breast cancer screening and clinical stage at diagnosis in patients of 50–69 years of age receiving care within the public healthcare network (SUS) in 2013–2021 in Brazil and its macro-regions. Methods: This ecological study used Poisson regression to analyze trends in screening and staging. A secondary database was formed using SUS sources: outpatient data system of the SUS network and Oncology—Brazil Panel. Results: There was a reduction in screening, with an annual percent change of −5.9 (p < 0.022). The number of notified cases fell by 31.5% in 2020–2021 compared to 2018–2019. There was a 10.7% increase in the proportion of stage III/IV cases (p < 0.001) in 2020–2021 compared to 2013–2019, now surpassing the number of cases of early stage breast cancer. Conclusion: COVID-19 led to a reduction in breast cancer screening and an expressive increase in advanced tumors in users of the public healthcare network. Urgent interventions in public policies are required as the negative effects of the pandemic on the diagnosis/treatment of breast cancer are becoming apparent even earlier than expected.
Restudy of the structures and interactions of the soliton in the asymmetric Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov equation

Some new exact solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional asymmetric Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov equation are presented using the bilinear method. The solutions to describe the interactions between two dromions, between a line soliton and a y-periodic soliton, and between two y-periodic solitons are included in our results. The detailed behaviour of the interactions is illustrated both analytically and graphically. Our analysis shows that the forms of soliton solutions and interacting properties between two solitons are related to the forms of the parameters and interaction constants.
Boundary Layer Interactions With Compliant Coatings: An Overview

During the past five years, several research programs have been conducted to reexamine the subject of boundary layer interactions with compliant coatings. One of the objectives of the research was to answer the question: Can compliant coatings delay transition and/or significantly reduce turbulence skin friction on bodies at high Reynolds numbers? Several significant developments have been achieved by the many investigators participating in these studies. The purpose of this article is to review the progress in our understanding of compliant coating interactions with laminar, transitional, and turbulent boundary layers. The paper will include some work done prior to the recent five year period and available in the open literature, but will emphasize more recent work, some of which is not as yet published.
Associations between the Self-Reported Likelihood of Receiving the COVID-19 Vaccine, Likelihood of Contracting COVID-19, Discrimination, and Anxiety/Depression by Sexual Orientation

There is limited evolving literature on COVID-19 vaccine uptake and its barriers among sexual minority populations (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer [LGBTQ]), despite their increased COVID-19 risk factors. We assessed the differences in intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine by self-reported likelihood of contracting COVID-19, anxiety/depression, discrimination frequency, social distancing stress, and sociodemographic factors across sexual orientation. An online national cross-sectional survey was conducted in the United States between 13 May 2021, and 9 January 2022, among adults aged ≥18 (n = 5404). Sexual minority individuals had a lower intention of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (65.62%) than heterosexual individuals (67.56%). Disaggregation by sexual orientation, however, showed that gay participants had a higher intention of COVID-19 vaccination (80.41%) and lesbian (62.63%), bisexual (64.08%), and non-heterosexual, non-LGB sexual minority (56.34%) respondents had lower intentions of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine than heterosexual respondents. Sexual orientation significantly moderated the association between the perceived likelihood of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine and the self-reported likelihood of contracting COVID-19, anxiety/depression symptoms, and discrimination. Our findings further underline the importance of improving vaccination efforts and access among sexual minority individuals and other vulnerable groups.
Polarimetric Radar Observation of the Melting Layer in a Convective Rainfall System during the Rainy Season over the East China Sea

During the rainy season over the East China Sea, convective rainfalls often show melting layer (ML) characteristics in polarimetric radar variables. In this research, the appearance ratio of the ML (the ratio of rainfall area accompanied by polarimetric ML signatures) and the variation in height of the level of the ML signature maximum (MLSM level; defined by the level of the rhv minimum in the ML) in a convective rainfall region in a rainfall system over the East China Sea observed on 2 June 2006 were studied using C-band polarimetric radar (COBRA). For this analysis, a method of rainfall type classification that evaluates the presence of an ML in addition to providing conventional convective‐stratiform classification using range‐ height indicator (RHI) observation data was developed. This rainfall type classification includes two steps: conventional convective‐stratiform separation using the horizontal distribution of Zh at 2-km altitude, and ML detection using the vertical profile of rhv at each horizontal grid point. Using a combination of these two classifications, the following four rainfall types were identified: 1) convective rainfall with an ML, 2) convective rainfall with no ML, 3) stratiform rainfall with an ML, and 4) stratiform rainfall with no ML. An ML was detected in 53.9% of the convective region in the rainfall system. Using the same definition, an ML was detected in 83.1% of the stratiform region. The ML in the convective region showed a marked decrease in rhv coincident with an increase in ZDR around the ambient 08C level, as did that in the stratiform region. Melting aggregated snow was the likely cause of the ML signature in the convective region. The average height of the MLSM level in the convective region was 4.64 km, which is 0.46 km higher than that in the stratiform region (4.18 km) and 0.27 km higher than the ambient 08C level (4.37 km).
HPLC-MS-MS quantification of short-chain fatty acids actively secreted by probiotic strains

Introduction Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main by-products of microbial fermentations occurring in the human intestine and are directly involved in the host’s physiological balance. As impaired gut concentrations of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids are often associated with systemic disorders, the administration of SCFA-producing microorganisms has been suggested as attractive approach to solve symptoms related to SCFA deficiency. Methods In this research, nine probiotic strains (Bacillus clausii NR, OC, SIN, and T, Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050, Bifidobacterium breve DSM 16604, Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745) commonly included in commercial formulations were tested for their ability to secrete SCFAs by using an improved protocol in high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS). Results The developed method was highly sensitive and specific, showing excellent limits of detection and quantification of secreted SCFAs. All tested microorganisms were shown to secrete acetic acid, with only B. clausii and S. boulardii additionally able to produce propionic and butyric acids. Quantitative differences in the secretion of SCFAs were also evidenced. Discussion The experimental approach described in this study may contribute to the characterization of probiotics as SCFA-producing organisms, a crucial stage toward their application to improve SCFA deficiency.
Complete description of dynamics in the linear complementary-slackness class of hybrid systems

We introduce the class of linear complementary-slackness systems. The time evolution of these systems typically consists of a series of continuous phases separated by "events" which cause a change in dynamics and possibly a jump in the state vector. The occurrence of events is governed by certain inequalities similar to those appearing in the linear complementarity problem of mathematical programming. The framework we describe is motivated by physical models in which both differential equations and inequalities play a role. We present a precise definition of linear complementary-slackness systems and give sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of solutions. The theory is illustrated by mechanical systems.