Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomics Analyses Reveal Molecular Responses to Cold Stress in Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Seedlings

Coconut is an important tropical and subtropical fruit and oil crop severely affected by cold temperature, limiting its distribution and application. Thus, studying its low-temperature reaction mechanism is required to expand its cultivation range. We used growth morphology and physiological analyses to characterize the response of coconuts to 10, 20, and 30 d of low temperatures, combined with transcriptome and metabolome analysis. Low-temperature treatment significantly reduced the plant height and dry weight of coconut seedlings. The contents of soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD), soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP), proline (Pro), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves were significantly increased, along with the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and the endogenous hormones abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (IAA), zeatin (ZR), and gibberellin (GA) contents. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (9968) were detected under low-temperature conditions. Most DEGs were involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-plant, plant hormone signal transduction, plant–pathogen interaction, biosynthesis of amino acids, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, carbon metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, purine metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Transcription factors (TFs), including WRKY, AP2/ERF, HSF, bZIP, MYB, and bHLH families, were induced to significantly differentially express under cold stress. In addition, most genes associated with major cold-tolerance pathways, such as the ICE-CBF-COR, MAPK signaling, and endogenous hormones and their signaling pathways, were significantly up-regulated. Under low temperatures, a total of 205 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were enriched; 206 DAMs were in positive-ion mode and 97 in negative-ion mode, mainly including phenylpropanoids and polyketides, lipids and lipid-like molecules, benzenoids, organoheterocyclic compounds, organic oxygen compounds, organic acids and derivatives, nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues. Comprehensive metabolome and transcriptome analysis revealed that the related genes and metabolites were mainly enriched in amino acid, flavonoid, carbohydrate, lipid, and nucleotide metabolism pathways under cold stress. Together, the results of this study provide important insights into the response of coconuts to cold stress, which will reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms and help in coconut screening and breeding.
Estimation of NH3 emissions from a naturally ventilated livestock farm using local-scale atmospheric dispersion modelling

Agricultural livestock represents the main source of ammonia (NH3) in Europe. In recent years, reduction poli- cies have been applied to reduce NH3 emissions. In order to estimate the impacts of these policies, robust estimates of the emissions from the main sources, i.e. livestock farms are needed. In this paper, the NH3 emissions were estimated from a naturally ventilated livestock farm in Braunschweig, Germany during a joint field experiment of the GRAMINAE European project. An inference method was used with a Gaussian-3D plume model and with the Huang 3-D model. NH3 concentrations downwind of the source were used to- gether with micrometeorological data to estimate the source strength over time. Mobile NH3 concentration measurements provided information on the spatial distribution of source strength. The estimated emission strength ranged between 6.4±0.18 kg NH3 d 1 (Huang 3-D model) and 9.2±0.7 kg NH3 d 1 (Gaussian-3D model). These estimates were 94% and 63% of what was obtained using emission factors from the German national inventory (9.6 kg d 1 NH3). The effect of deposition was evaluated with the FIDES-2D model. This increased the emission estimate to 11.7 kg NH3 d 1 , show- ing that deposition can explain the observed difference. The daily pattern of the source was correlated with net radiation and with the temperature inside the animal houses. The daily pattern resulted from a combination of a temperature effect on the source concentration together with an effect of vari- ations in free and forced convection of the building venti-
Global Estimates of Average Ground-Level Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations from Satellite-Based Aerosol Optical Depth

Exposure to airborne particles can cause acute or chronic respiratory disease and can exacerbate heart disease, some cancers, and other conditions in susceptible populations. Ground stations that monitor fine particulate matter in the air (smaller than 2.5 microns, called PM2.5) are positioned primarily to observe severe pollution events in areas of high population density; coverage is very limited, even in developed countries, and is not well designed to capture long-term, lower-level exposure that is increasingly linked to chronic health effects. In many parts of the developing world, air quality observation is absent entirely. Instruments aboard NASA Earth Observing System satellites, such as the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), monitor aerosols from space, providing once daily and about once-weekly coverage, respectively. However, these data are only rarely used for health applications, in part because the can retrieve the amount of aerosols only summed over the entire atmospheric column, rather than focusing just on the near-surface component, in the airspace humans actually breathe. In addition, air quality monitoring often includes detailed analysis of particle chemical composition, impossible from space. In this paper, near-surface aerosol concentrations are derived globally from the total-column aerosol amounts retrieved by MODIS and MISR. Here a computer aerosol simulation is used to determine how much of the satellite-retrieved total column aerosol amount is near the surface. The five-year average (2001-2006) global near-surface aerosol concentration shows that World Health Organization Air Quality standards are exceeded over parts of central and eastern Asia for nearly half the year.
The age of the Durine Member of the Durness Limestone Formation at Durness

Synopsis Conodont faunas from the Durine Member of the Durness Limestone Formation have yielded sixteen species. These faunas bear a close resemblance to previously described ones from North America and Scandinavia and suggest an age for the upper part of the Durine Member near the Arenig-Llanvirn boundary. This is somewhat at variance with Poulsens’ suggestion that the whole of the Durine Member is of Llanvirn age.
A large increase of the CO2 sink in the western tropical North Atlantic from 2002 to 2009

[1] Determining a robust trend of surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) for a period shorter than a decade is challenging due to large seasonal variability and a sparsity of data. Here, we estimate the multiannual trend of surface CO2in the region of 19°N–20°N, 65°W–68°W for the period of 2002–2009. We used an unprecedented number of high-quality underway data of the fugacity of CO2 in surface seawater (fCO2SW) collected from 137 cruises using an automated system onboard the cruise ship Explorer of the Seas. The growth rate of fCO2SWwas estimated by two de-seasonalization approaches that showed similar and significantly lower values than the atmospheric increases, leading to a large increase in the CO2 sink. The seasonal difference in the trends was significant, with fCO2SW values in winter showing no increase, while summer fCO2SW values lagged only slightly with the atmosphere. We attribute the lack of an increase in winter fCO2SWvalues to sea surface temperature changes, which are closely correlated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation cycle, and to changes in the mixed layer depth. The slower increase of fCO2SWis also related to decreases in salinity. The 8-year averaged annual net sea-air CO2 flux was −0.06 ± 0.18 mol m−2 yr−1 compared to a climatology that shows a flux out of the ocean of +0.11 mol m−2 yr−1. The increasing flux differs from previous, mostly longer-term results for regional studies and time series stations in the North Atlantic, which suggests a decrease or no change in oceanic CO2 uptake.
The Goban Spur transect: Geologic evolution of a sediment-starved passive continental margin

Leg 80 of the DSDP-IPOD program drilled a transect of four core holes (548–551) across the continent-ocean boundary at Goban Spur, a prominent southwest-trending structural high on the Irish continental slope. Multichannel seismic-reflection profiles show that, during rifting, continental basement rocks of Goban Spur were broken up by northwest-trending listric normal faults to form a series of half-graben basins. Two of these half-grabens were sampled during Leg 80 (Sites 548 and 549). Site 550 was located on the adjacent oceanic crust of Porcupine Abyssal Plain. Site 551 was located on transitional crust at the foot of Goban Spur. The objectives were lo analyze the structural, the depositional, and the paleoenvironmental development of this sediment-starved passive continental margin. At Sites 548 and 549, basement comprises continental Hercynian metasediments of Devonian age; at Sites 550 and 551, the basement is tholeiitic basalt. The oldest syn-rift sediments (Barremian age, or perhaps late Hauterivian) were penetrated at Site 549, lying uuconformably below Aptian? strata. Seismic sequence analysis reveals that Aptian? strata also overlie this unconformity farther northeastward in the basin. An unconformity above the Aptian? section marks the end of rifting and the beginning of sea-floor spreading. An Albian age for the initiation of sea-floor spreading was corroborated at Site 550 where abyssal late Albian chalks rest upon and are interbedded with oceanic basalts, indicating an initial water depth of ∼2,000 m. As sea-floor spreading progressed, Goban Spur subsided rapidly, so that by Cenomanian time, bathyal to abyssal chalks were accumulating at deeper sites. After two periods of partial stagnation in the Aptian-Albian and in the Turonian, chalk deposition in well-oxygenated environments took place at all sites, modified chiefly by shifts in deep-circulation patterns and the calcite compensation depth (CCD), by periodic influx of terrigenous detritus during low stands of sea level (especially in the Cenozoic), and by frequent displacement of older carbonates from the slope to abyssal sites. A number of major unconformities correspond to those most often reported from other widespread locations in the North Atlantic Basin and on surrounding continental shelves and coastal plains. Several unconformities are preserved undisturbed in our cores and can be correlated with sea-level fluctuations, with paleoceanographic events, and with tectonic movements. A thick Quaternary section at Site 548 records prominent fluctuations of glacial-inter-glacial paleoclimates. An even thicker Paleogene section at Site 549 provides unusually well-preserved and uninterrupted sequences suitable for detailed sedimentological and stratigraphic studies.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Taro Leaf Antioxidants Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: An Eco-Friendly Strategy for the Valorization of Crop Residues

Colocasia esculenta L. leaves are considered a by-product of taro cultivation and are discarded as environmental waste, despite their valuable phenolic composition. Their valorization to obtain value-added substances for medicinal, food, and cosmetic applications is the aim of the current work. An ultrasound-assisted extraction was developed for the environmentally friendly and sustainable isolation of taro leaf antioxidants using natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs). Among the utilized solvents, the NaDES based on betaine and ethylene glycol provided the best extraction efficiencies in terms of polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity. Multi-response optimization suggested a solvent-to-solid ratio of 10 mL g−1, a processing time of 60 min, an extraction temperature of 60 °C, and a water content of 33.8% (w/w) as optimal extraction parameters. Leaf extract obtained under these optimum operational parameters demonstrated a strong radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (65.80 ± 0.87%), a high ferric reducing antioxidant power (126.62 ± 1.92 μmol TE g−1 sample), and significant protection against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. The chromatographic characterization of the optimum extract revealed its richness in flavonoids (flavones and flavonols). The outcomes of the present study suggest that the proposed method could serve as a highly efficient and green alternative for the recovery of polyphenols from agricultural wastes.
Comparison of alkenone estimates with other paleotemperature proxies

To a certain degree, all sea surface temperature (SST) proxies suffer from uncertainty due to signal preservation problems and to perturbations by other environmental variables. However, a multiproxy reconstruction is justified because most biases should, in principle, cancel out as they are specific to the biological groups and/or to the analyzed chemical species. Such a multiproxy strategy has proven crucial for calibrating these proxies and is also useful in assessing downcore profiles. Until now there have been only a dozen deep‐sea cores where it is possible to compare directly alkenone‐based SSTs with other paleotemperature records. From this still limited data set the broad picture is of general agreement for the amplitude of changes at low and middle latitudes. The few observed discrepancies suggest that alkenone‐based temperatures are more comparable to those based on Mg/Ca ratios than those obtained through statistical analysis of the foraminiferal distribution. More systematic differences are noted at higher latitudes, where alkenones indicate warmer temperatures during the glacial period than transfer functions based on foraminifera or diatoms. Several reasons have been invoked to resolve the mismatch, but more “ground truthing” work is needed before deciding which temperature changes are the most accurate.
Analysis of Variation of Tin Filter on Noise Values in CT Scan Mastoid Protocol Using CT Scan Single Source: Phantom Study

Since its introduction in 1972, CT Scan technology has developed rapidly from year to year, especially in reducing radiation dose; various technologies have been developed, including dual-energy or dual source technology with a technique of only a quarter of the gantry rotation. The aim of this research is to find out and analyze tin filter variations on noise in the mastoid CT scan protocol using a single source CT scan: phantom study. The method used in this research is Pre-Experimental with Posttest-Only Control Design. The noise value research results showed a difference in noise and SNR values with a p-value (p<0.05), and there was a reduction in radiation dose of 41.95% compared to the standard protocol. NPS values are at a frequency of 0.28, except for the Sn100 protocol. Subjective Analysis by two radiologists with a kappa value of 0.75 indicated that there was a moderate level of agreement. The Tin Filter Sn100 protocol can reduce the radiation dose, and the resulting image quality is good enough for diagnostic purposes, so the Tin Filter Sn100 protocol can be used as a Standard Operational Procedure for Mastoid CT Scan examination at Hermina Depok Hospital. This study has implications that may contribute to refining mastoid CT scanning protocols, leading to improved image quality, reduced radiation exposure, and improved diagnostic capabilities in clinical practice.
Polymer-Based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems for Purines of Established Importance in Medicine

Many purine derivatives are active pharmaceutical ingredients of significant importance in the therapy of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and viral infections. In many cases, their medical use is limited due to unfavorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. These problems can be overcome by the preparation of the prodrugs of purines or by combining these compounds with nanoparticles. Herein, we aim to review the scientific progress and perspectives for polymer-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for purines. Polymeric nanoparticles turned out to have the potential to augment antiviral and antiproliferative effects of purine derivatives by specific binding to receptors (ASGR1—liver, macrophage mannose receptor), increase in drug retention (in eye, intestines, and vagina), and permeation (intranasal to brain delivery, PEPT1 transport of acyclovir). The most significant achievements of polymer-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for purines were found for tenofovir disoproxil in protection against HIV, for acyclovir against HSV, for 6-mercaptopurine in prolongation of mice ALL model life, as well as for 6-thioguanine for increased efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells. Moreover, nanocarriers were able to diminish the toxic effects of acyclovir, didanosine, cladribine, tenofovir, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine.
NASA / CR-2001-211422 ICASE Report No . 2001-43 Piezoelectric Polymers

The purpose of this review is to detail the current theoretical understanding of the origin of piezoelectric and ferroelectric phenomena in polymers; to present the state-of-the-art in piezoelectric polymers and emerging material systems that exhibit promising properties; and to discuss key characterization methods, fundamental modeling approaches, and applications of piezoelectric polymers. Piezoelectric polymers have been known to exist for more than forty years, but in recent years they have gained notoriety as a valuable class of smart materials.
Mapping the Causal Connections among Exchange Rate Indicators and Exchange Rate: New Evidence from NARDL Econometric Approach

The aim of the study is to find out the symmetric or asymmetric relationship betweenthe macroeconomic fundamentals and exchange rate of Pakistani Rupee against the US Dollar which has never been analyzed briefly in previous literature. The NARDL approach hasbeen applied with the selected macroeconomic fundamentals i.e., GDP, foreign reserves, inflation rate, interest rate, oil price, gold price, trade balance, and money supply for thedata analysis. The data of exchange rate and selected macroeconomic fundamentals havebeen taken during the time period of 2011 to 2022 from the official IMF IFS database. Thefindings indicate that foreign reserves and inflation possess an asymmetric relationship withthe exchange rate in long run. The increase in productive inflation only helps to stabilize theexchange rate whereas all other significant variables weakens the Pakistani currency eitherin short -run or long run i.e., decrease in money supply, GDP, inflation and increase in interestrate. The findings will be helpful for the policymakers and economists to implement theirpolicies accordingly to prevent the further depreciation the of Pakistani Rupee against USDollar.
Structure of the Maláguide Complex near Vélez Rubio (Eastern Betic Cordillera, SE Spain)

The Maláguide Complex of the Betic Cordillera represents a tectonic element which mostly underwent brittle deformation during the Alpine orogeny, and that covers the high‐pressure/low‐temperature (HP/LT) complexes of the internal Betic Cordillera. The evolution of this complex can help to determine both when the lower HP/LT complexes began to exhume and the behavior of the upper plate during this process. Moreover, this complex is a key element to understanding the relationships between the late orogenic extension in the internal Betic Cordillera and the coeval compression in the External Zones of the same mountain chain. This paper focuses in the geometry and kinematics of the Alpine structures of this Maláguide Complex in the eastern Betic Cordillera, near the village of Vélez Rubio. We propose that these Alpine structures can be grouped into three main stages. First stage (Paleogene) began with a synmetamorphic slaty cleavage produced in anchizone conditions. This foliation is associated with northward vergent structures and was probably connected with the superposition of the Maláguide Complex over the Alpujárride during the middle Eocene. This first stage ended with the thinning of the Maláguide Complex (Oligocene) by an extensional detachment with a top‐to‐the‐NNW sense of movement. Second stage records the convergence of the External and Internal Zones during the Aquitanian‐Burdigalian. This convergence was a right‐lateral transpression that produced back thrusts and extensional structures that exhumed the HP/LT rocks of the Alpujárride Complex. Third stage corresponds to the evolution from the late Burdigalian to the present‐day, when the Internal and External zones were welded together.
Long‐term patterns and short‐term dynamics of stream solutes and suspended sediment in a rapidly weathering tropical watershed

The 326 ha Río Icacos watershed in the tropical wet forest of the Luquillo Mountains, northeastern Puerto Rico, is underlain by granodiorite bedrock with weathering rates among the highest in the world. We pooled stream chemistry and total suspended sediment (TSS) data sets from three discrete periods: 1983–1987, 1991–1997, and 2000–2008. During this period three major hurricanes crossed the site: Hugo in 1989, Hortense in 1996, and Georges in 1998. Stream chemistry reflects sea salt inputs (Na, Cl, and SO4), and high weathering rates of the granodiorite (Ca, Mg, Si, and alkalinity). During rainfall, stream composition shifts toward that of precipitation, diluting 90% or more in the largest storms, but maintains a biogeochemical watershed signal marked by elevated K and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. DOC exhibits an unusual “boomerang” pattern, initially increasing with flow but then decreasing at the highest flows as it becomes depleted and/or vigorous overland flow minimizes contact with watershed surfaces. TSS increased markedly with discharge (power function slope 1.54), reflecting the erosive power of large storms in a landslide‐prone landscape. The relations of TSS and most solute concentrations with stream discharge were stable through time, suggesting minimal long‐term effects from repeated hurricane disturbance. Nitrate concentration, however, increased about threefold in response to hurricanes then returned to baseline over several years following a pseudo first‐order decay pattern. The combined data sets provide insight about important hydrologic pathways, a long‐term perspective to assess response to hurricanes, and a framework to evaluate future climate change in tropical ecosystems.
Multiple‐objective optimization of drinking water production strategies using a genetic algorithm

Finding a strategy that allows economically efficient drinking water production at minimal environmental cost is often a complex task. A systematic trade‐off among the costs and benefits of possible strategies is required for determining the optimal production configuration. Such a trade‐off involves the handling of interdependent and nonlinear relations for drawdown‐related objective categories like damage to wetland vegetation, agricultural yield depression, reduction of river base flow rates, and soil subsidence. We developed a method for multiple‐objective optimization of drinking water production by combining Busacker and Gowen's [1961] “minimum cost flow” procedure for optimal use of the transport network with a genetic algorithm (GA) for optimization of other impacts. The performance of the GA was compared with analytically determined solutions of a series of hypothetical case studies. Pareto‐optimality and uniqueness of solutions proved to be effective fitness criteria for identifying trade‐off curves with the GA.