Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abbreviations and acronyms

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic negatively impacted cardiothoracic (CT) surgery, with changes in clinical, academic, and personal responsibilities. We hypothesized that the pandemic may disproportionately impact female academic CT surgeons, accentuating preexisting sex disparities. This study assessed sex differences in authorship of 2 major CT surgery journals during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: All accepted submissions to The Annals of Thoracic Surgery and The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery between April and August of 2019 and the same period in 2020 were reviewed. Article type and author characteristics were obtained from the journals. Author sex was predicted using a validated multinational database (Genderize.io) and verified with authors’ institutional and public professional profiles. Results: In total, 1106 submissions were accepted during the 2019 period, whereas 900 articles (18.6% decrease) were accepted during the same period in 2020. Original research articles comprised 33.3% of the 2019 articles but only 4.9% of the 2020 articles. Female authors contributed to 39.3% (23.1% original research and 16.2% nonoriginal articles) and 29.4% (3.3% original research and 26.1% nonoriginal articles) of articles during the 2019 and 2020 periods, respectively. This represents a marked change in the type of articles that female authors contributed to. Conclusions: Early on during the COVID-19 pandemic, the type of articles accepted, and authorship demographic changed. There was a decrease in contribution of female-authored CT surgery articles submitted to both journals, especially for original research. Future research will elucidate the long-term impact of the pandemic on sex disparities in academic productivity. (JTCVS Open 2022;-:1-7) From the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex; Division of General Thoracic Surgery, UCDavis Health, Sacramento, Calif; Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; School of Medicine, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. Received for publication S publication May 9, 202 Address for reprints: Mar Elizabeth St, 4N-464, ouzounian@uhn.ca). 2666-2736 Copyright 2022 The Au ican Association for Thor BY-NC-ND license (http: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.x JTCVS 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 P ro p o rt io n o f A rt ic le s (% ) Proportion of Articles with at Least 1 Female Author in 2019 vs. 2020
An Analysis of Workload and Job Stress on Employee Job Performance

The present study aims to find out the influence of workload through job stress and the influence of job stress through employee performance. The object of the study was used as an analysis unit employee at Clinic X. This study employed a verificative method using an explanatory survey with 63 respondents as samples. The result of the study found that the influence of workload through job stress was in a strong category, which means that job stress had an effect on employee's performance in Clinic X. However, the present study has found out that if the workload is appropriate, then employee's job stress will decrease. Besides, if job stress is increased, the employee performance in Clinic X will increase.
Measuring satisfaction with democracy: how good are different scales across countries and languages?

Abstract The Satisfaction With Democracy (SWD) indicator is very often used in social sciences’ research. However, while there is debate about which concept it measures, the discussion about the size of its measurement errors (how well it measures the underlying concept ‘satisfaction with the way democracy works’) is scarce. Nonetheless, measurement errors can affect the results and threaten comparisons across studies, countries and languages. Thus, in this paper, we estimated the measurement quality (complement of measurement errors) of the SWD indicator for 7 response scales across 38 country-language groups, using three multitrait-multimethod experiments from the European Social Survey. Results show that measurement errors explain from 16% (11-point scale) to 54% (4-point scale) of the variance in the observed responses. Additionally, we provide insights to improve questionnaire design and evaluate the indicator’s comparability across scales, countries and languages.
Molecular Identification of Coxiella burnetii, and Incidence and Risk Factors of Coxiellosis in Bovines of Punjab, Pakistan

Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Usman1,*, Abdul Jabbar1, Saba Usman3, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Husnain1, Nadeem Raza1 and Anwar-ul-Haq4 1Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 2Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 3Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 4Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Lahore, Punjab Article Information Received 21 January 2021 Revised 11 March 2021 Accepted 18 April 2021 Available online 10 September 2021
Do ESG strategies enhance bank stability during financial turmoil? Evidence from Europe

This paper investigates the joint and separate effects of Environmental (E), Social (S), and Governance (G) scores on bank stability. Using a sample of European banks operating in 21 countries over 2005–2017, we find that the total ESG score, as well as its sub-pillars, reduces bank fragility during periods of financial distress. This stabilizing effect holds strongly for banks with higher ESG ratings. These results are confirmed by a differences-in-differences (DID) analysis built around the introduction of the EU 2014 Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD). Our evidence also reveals that, in times of financial turmoil, the longer the duration of ESG disclosures, the greater the benefits on stability. Finally, we show that the ESG–bank stability linkages vary significantly across banks’ characteristics and operating environments. Our findings are robust to selection bias and endogeneity concerns. Overall, they support the regulatory effort in requiring an enhanced disclosure of non–financial information.
Selecting components in a probabilistic hydrological forecasting chain: the benefits of an integrated evaluation

ABSTRACT Probabilistic streamflow forecasts are commonly issued by propagating meteorological ensemble forecasts into a hydrological model. However, a variety of components can be added to the chain to improve forecast skill. For operational centres, it may be easier to follow a modular strategy, and develop these components incrementally. However, only an integrated evaluation, based on the final streamflow forecasts, can ensure all components remain beneficial whatever the chain configuration. Also, it provides helpful guidelines about which developments to prioritise. Here, we consider two ensemble-based extensions, a meteorological grand ensemble and a hydrological multi-model, and two statistical corrections, a pre-processing and a post-processing. These components are opposed to their simpler alternative, and all configurations are evaluated on a common testbed comprising six catchments in the French upper Rhone River. Results show that all four components remain systematically beneficial, thereby validating the modular development strategy. Also, unlike other studies, neither the effect of the pre-processing nor that of the grand ensemble is found to vanish with hydrological modelling, which disputes the idea that all limitations in the input meteorological ensemble forcing can be rectified by a post-processing. However, only the post-processing can ensure the reliability of the streamflow forecasts; hence, it should be systematically prioritised.
Production of Phenol From Liquid Smoke Resulted by the Pyrolysis of Cashew Nut Shells

Cashew nut shell is a waste from cashew nut industry. It contains liquid known as Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) which has similar molecule structure with synthetic phenol Phenol is a material for phenolic resin in preparation of varnish. The aims of this research are to determine the optimum temperature of pyrolysis for producing phenol liquid smoke and knowing the chemical composition of liquid smoke. This research used pyrolysis method at various pyrolysis temperatures were 200, 300, 400 and 500°C, respectively. The gas from the pyrolysis process was then condensed by the condenser until liquid was obtained. The liquid was deposited for 1 week in a separating funnel and then separated to obtain liquid smoke and residue. The volatile compounds of liquid smoke from a cashew nut shell were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the optimum pyrolysis temperature was at 400°C with a yield of 53.4% liquid smoke and the chemical composition of liquid smoke percentage: phenol (36,6%), carbonyl (7,1%), acid (18.8%) respectively. Phenol from liquid smoke resulted by the pyrolysis of cashew nut shells is an alternative material potential for substituting or replacing synthetic phenol from petroleum derivates.
The Relationship between Work Commitment, Work Discipline and Interpersonal Communication with Teacher Work Morale at Elementary Schools in Daha Selatan District

Morale is an effort to maximize work, resulting in success. Teachers need enthusiasm in working so that school goals can be achieved. Many factors influence morale. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between work commitment, work discipline, and interpersonal communication with teachers' morale in public elementary schools by describing and analyzing them. This study used path analysis with a sample of 139 teachers from a population of 220 Public Elementary School teachers in Daha Selatan District. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression methods. The results show that the relationship between work commitment, work discipline, and interpersonal communication with teachers’ work morale is very hig h. It can be concluded that work commitment, work discipline, and interpersonal communication affect teachers’ morale. Other schools can use the results of this study to increase teachers’ morale at school .
Static and fatigue compression behaviour of conventional and auxetic open-cell foam

Abstract This study aims to modify and characterize an open-cell polyurethane foam with a density of ∼28.7 kg/m3 to study the mechanical behavior in static compression and cyclic fatigue. A technique is presented for transforming this type of foam from a conventional state with a positive Poisson's ratio to an auxetic transformed state with a negative Poisson's ratio (density of ∼119.59 kg/m3) via a specially designed device. The results obtained show the degree of influence of the transformation on the mechanical behavior of this type of foam. The cyclic fatigue tests of auxetic foam were carried out under control-displacement for different loading (r) levels (0.725, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85, 0.90 and 0.95). The monitoring of cyclic fatigue damage of auxetic samples allowed tracing the evolution of the stiffness degradation (F/F0 ) as a function of the number of cycles N taking place in two different phases. The hysteresis loops of the different r levels were identified as a function of the number of cycles. The evaluation of the dissipated energy (Ed ) and damping (η) as a function of N was also carried out. The results show that the maximum forces involved between 28 N and 580 N are considerably higher than those previously found in the literature. This leads to a significant dependence of the hysteresis loops, Ed and η of the auxetic foam as a function of the number of cycles and the loading rate, with a remarkable stiffness performance compared to other auxetic foams.
Awareness and Attitude of Forensic Odontology among Undergraduate Dental Students in Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Afghanistan

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of forensic odontology among undergraduate dental students at Kabul university of medical science, Kabul, Afghanistanafter adding this subject in their curriculum Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study is conducted among 150 undergraduate dental students of Kabul University of medical sciences aged 18 and 23 years during the period from December 2020 to February 2021.A questionnaire of Abdul et al. (2019) study was used; the questionnaire consisted of 19 questions that assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of the participants. The questionnaire is divided into three parts: knowledge, attitude and practice. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software, chi-square test. Results: Ninety percent of the participants were aware of the branch of science called forensic dentistry. All the included participants welcomed the idea of adding a module on forensic odontology to the current undergraduate curriculum. Almost 88.7% of the participants were aware that dental record help for identification of deceased person’s age however, The most of undergraduate dental students (90.7%), claim that they have lack of the knowledge related forensic odontology. Most of participants were willing to maintain dental record in their future clinics. Conclusion: Our study showed that the knowledge, attitude, and practice in undergraduate dental students are better since it’s added into curriculum of Kabul University of medical science. However,there are no workshops, seminars, and continuing dental education programs for dental students.There is a need for further exposure and formal training to bring awareness among all health-care providers.
Surface Modification of Commercial Cotton Yarn as Electrode for Construction of Flexible Fiber-Shaped Supercapacitor

In this study, we report on the rational design and facile preparation of a cotton-reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle (cotton-RGO-AgNP) hybrid fiber as an electrode for the building of a flexible fiber-shaped supercapacitor (FSSC). It was adequately characterized and found to possess a well-defined core−shell structure with cotton yarn as a core and a porous RGO-AgNP coating as a shell. Thanks to the unique morphological features and low electrical resistance (only 2.3 Ω·cm−1), it displayed attractive supercapacitive properties. When evaluated in a three-electrode setup, this FSSC electrode delivered the highest linear and volumetric specific capacitance of up to ca. 12.09 mF·cm−1 and ca. 9.67 F·cm−3 with a satisfactory rate capability as well as a decent cycling stability. On the other hand, an individual parallel symmetric FSSC cell constructed by this composite fiber fulfilled the largest linear and volumetric specific capacitance of ca. 1.67 mF·cm−1 and ca. 0.67 F·cm−3 and offered the maximum energy density, as high as ca. 93.1 μWh·cm−3, which outperformed a great number of graphene- and textile yarn-based FSSCs. Impressively, bending deformation brought about quite a limited effect on its electrochemical behaviors and almost no capacitance degradation took place during the consecutive charge/discharge test for over 10,000 cycles. Consequently, these remarkable performances suggest that the currently developed cotton-RGO-AgNP fiber has considerable application potential in flexible, portable and wearable electronics.
Iatrogenic Withdrawal Syndrome in the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcome

Objectives Critically ill children and neonates routinely receive opioids and benzodiazepines for analgesia and sedation in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Prolonged opioid therapy often leads to tolerance and is associated with iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS) when opioids and benzodiazepines are weaned or discontinued. Our aim is to study the incidence, risk factors and outcome of IWS following use of a withdrawal protocol on pediatric patients after cardiac surgery. Methods We prospectively included all postoperative pediatric patients who developed IWS after being assessed by the Withdrawal Assessment Tool (WAT-1) score (WAT-1 ≥3) over 9 months. Unit-based withdrawal management protocol was used. Patients’ outcome was assessed by duration to be completely off opioids & benzodiazepines, duration of ICU and hospital stay. Results 432 patients were admitted during study period. Twenty-five patients (5.8%) developed IWS. The mean age and weight was 15.2 ± 31.4 months and 6.9 ± 7.7 kg respectively. 60% of the patients who developed withdrawal had previous ICU admissions with exposure to sedatives. In the IWS group the mean duration for use of fentanyl and midazolam infusions was 8.6 ± 5.1 & 9.6 ± 6 days respectively. The mean duration for completely stopping opioids and benzodiazepines was 17.2 ± 6.8 days with a mean duration of ventilation of 8.2 ± 6.8 days. The mean ICU and hospital stay for IWS patients was 26.5 ± 21.9 and 31.5 ± 21.1 days respectively. There was statistically significant difference in the mean age, and duration of use of sedatives between the patients who developed IWS and those who did not with P-value of 0.003 and < 0.0001, respectively. Conclusion Withdrawal syndrome after pediatric cardiac surgery prolongs ICU and hospital stay. Our data shows that younger age and longer duration for use of sedatives seem to be risk factors for developing withdrawal syndrome.
Satisfacción del profesorado con la formación en servicio online: aproximaciones desde la usabilidad pedagógica

En los escenarios formativos, la usabilidad resulta fundamental para avanzar con mayor seguridad en la aprehensión de los contenidos formativos. La usabilidad pedagógica indica la satisfacción con la formación recibida, a partir de la valoración del diseño, la navegabilidad y los contenidos brindados por la plataforma virtual. Este estu-dio presenta una experiencia formativa evaluada por 152 docentes de educación superior participes de un curso ofertado por una universidad peruana. Se sigue un diseño metodológico combinado, de encuesta y entrevista. Los resultados obtenidos avalan el alto novel de satisfacción de los docentes respecto a la usabilidad de los recursos online. Este aspecto evidencia la importancia de considerar las características y motivaciones de los participantes en la planificación formativa a fin de contribuir a las re-flexiones que posibilitan la continuidad formativa en dichos entornos. De la misma forma, la valoración satis-factoria con la formación recibida en línea indica no solo una adaptación pertinente de los recursos a sus necesidades, sino también la adquisición de mayores niveles de madurez en el dominio de competencias digitales. Por este motivo, se reclama la interacción constructiva de la práctica pedagógica, así como la transferencia de la propuesta a otros contextos similares.
Two Design Principles for the Design of Demonstrations to Enhance Structure–Property Reasoning

Structure–property reasoning (SPR) is one of the most important aims of chemistry education but is seldom explicitly taught, and students find structure–property reasoning difficult. This study assessed two design principles for the development of structure–property reasoning in the context of demonstrations: (1) use of a POE task (predict–observe–explain) and (2) use of the domain-specific particle perspective, both to increase student engagement and to scaffold micro-level modeling. The aim of the demonstration series was to teach structure–property reasoning more explicitly to pre-university students (aged 15–16). Demonstrations pertained to the properties of metals, salts and molecular compounds. The SPR instrument was used as a pretest and posttest in order to gain insight into the effects on structure–property reasoning. In addition, one student (Sally) was followed closely to see how her structure–property reasoning evolved throughout the demonstrations. Results show that after the demonstrations students were more aware of the structure models at the micro-level. The students also knew and understood more chemical concepts needed for structure–property reasoning. Sally’s qualitative data additionally showed how she made interesting progress in modeling micro-level chemical structures. As we used conventional demonstrations as a starting point for design, this could well serve as a practical tool for teachers to redesign their existing demonstrations.
Crop rotation in no‐till soils modifies the soil fatty acids signature

Analysis of whole‐soil fatty acids (WSFA) was used to characterize no‐till productive agricultural soils associated with different crop rotation managements on the Argentinean pampas, over two sampling seasons. Crop rotation (CR) treatment was compared with soybean monocropping (MC). Soils from nearby natural environments (NE) were used as reference treatments. The objective of this study was to characterize the soil lipid signature and seek putative markers of agricultural management. NE sites had greater concentration of total WSFA than agricultural sites, but no differences between CR and MC were identified. NE sites were characterized by straight chain and mono‐unsaturated fatty acids, such as 16:1ω5c, an established biomarker for arbuscular mycorrhiza. Comparing lipid profiles using multivariate methods allowed a comprehensive comparison among treatments. The CR and NE soil samples were more alike than those of MC, with several fatty acids in common. CR soils were associated with mixed, branched and hydroxylated fatty acids. MC profiles appeared to be enriched by 16:010Me and 18:1ω7c fatty acids, which could be potential treatment markers. Thus, use of the WSFA approach to study soil lipid signature appeared to be a sensitive method to characterize soil health and soil use and management. However, some of the fatty acids do not come from living cells but from soil organic matter, which sets a limitation on interpretation in terms of the microbial community but expands the biological origin of the soil lipid signature to any biological matter, alive or death, which is a constitutive part of the soil under study.
Routines, Generative Systems Analyzed as a Function Based on Time and Innovation

This study aims to propose a model to study organizational routines as a generative system based on time and innovation. Routines are intrinsically related to resources orchestration processes, learning, know-how accumulation and organizational expertise. Over time, combined with innovations, in-process, or via technological artifacts, routines may contribute to diversifying the portfolio of outputs able to add value to a company result. The study follows a qualitative approach, with an applied nature, and was made through multiple case studies. Data collection was through semi-structured interviews and was beaconed by protocol subject to peers validation. The main contribution is the model which is proposed to understand routines as a generative system able to diversify the outputs or organizational actions enhancing the results arisen from innovations. Results have confirmed the relation between routines and resources orchestrations process, incorporation and development of innovations, and organizational learning.