Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear electrophoresis of a tightly fitting sphere in a cylindrical tube

We investigate electrophoresis of a tightly fitting sphere of radius $R-h_{0}$ on the axis of a circular tube of radius $R$ , using lubrication theory and ideas due to Schnitzer & Yariv (Phys. Fluids, vol. 26, 2014, 122002). The electrical charge clouds on both the cylindrical wall and the surface of the sphere are assumed thin compared to the gap between the sphere and cylinder, so that charge clouds do not overlap and ion exclusion effects are minimal. Nevertheless, non-uniform pumping of counter-ions within the charge clouds leads to a change in the ionic concentration outside the charge clouds in the narrow gap between sphere and cylinder. The electro-osmotic slip velocities at the two surfaces are modified, leading to a decrease in the electrophoretic velocity of the sphere at low Péclet numbers and an increase in the velocity at high Péclet numbers. When the field strength $E_{0}$ is low, it is known that the electrophoretic velocity $U_{0}$ is proportional to $E_{0}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}_{s}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}_{c})$ which is zero when the zeta potential $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}_{s}$ on the sphere surface is equal to the zeta potential $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}_{c}$ on the cylinder. The perturbation to the above low field strength electrophoretic velocity (at high Péclet number) is predicted to be proportional to $E_{0}^{3}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}_{s}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}_{c})^{2}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{s}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{c})$ , where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{s}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{c}$ are the surface charge densities on the sphere and cylinder. The choice of materials with similar or identical zeta potentials (and surface charge densities) for the cylinder and sphere should therefore facilitate the observation of velocities nonlinear in the field strength $E_{0}$ , since the reference linear electrophoretic velocity will be small.
Letter Order is Encoded by Open-Bigrams

Based on priming patterns in the same-different task, Kinoshita and Norris (2013) concluded that OpenBigrams do not exist. Their claim relied on a discrepancy between the data and “match scores” from Open-Bigram models. A match score specifies how much input the Open-Bigrams activated by the prime provide to the target Visual Word Form. However, previous same-different experiments indicate that priming arises within a sublexical level of representation (Kinoshita & Norris, 2009). Hence a metric which measures input to a lexical representation, such as the match score, is inappropriate for the same-different task. We show that priming can be accurately modeled based on the two types of nonretinotopic, sublexical representations proposed by the SERIOL model: Abstract-Letters and OpenBigrams. We find that the same-different data actually provide strong evidence for the existence of Open-Bigrams. Introduction A recent article (Kinoshita & Norris, 2013) claims to disprove the existence of Open-Bigrams. However, this rumor of the death of Open-Bigrams is quite premature, as shown here. We first review the data and discuss why the metric used by the authors to evaluate the existence of Open-Bigrams is wholly inappropriate for the same-different task used in their experiments. We then specify a new metric, based on the sublexical representations proposed by the SERIOL model: Open-Bigrams and AbstractLetter representations (Whitney, 2001). This metric provides an excellent fit to the extant data from the same-different task (Kinoshita & Norris, 2009, 2013). In the same-different task, the subject sees a referent letter string, which is then replaced by a target letter string. The subject’s objective is to specify whether the referent and target are identical (independent of letter case). The target is preceded by a masked prime, which varies in its relationship to the target. In the following, we specify a prime in terms of the position of its letters in the target, with ‘d’ specifying a letter not in the target. Target length is given in parentheses. For example, the prime ‘hcrgn’ for the target ‘change’ is denoted 21d54(6). Priming for a given condition is always calculated with respect to an all-different prime of the same number of letters. For example, 213 is compared to ddd. Kinoshita and Norris (2013) present data for the following conditions: 21(2), 213(3), 23(7), 24(7), 26(7), 32(7), and 62(7). Because the prime conditions are unique without the target length, we drop the length in the following discussion. In conditions where the relevant manipulation is not centered with respect to the target, the mirror-image manipulation was also tested. For example, the 213 condition is actually the average of primes 213 and 132. For simplicity, we refer to this as the 213 condition. The experiments yielded the following results: strong priming for 21 and 213 (~50 ms), weaker priming for 23, 24, and 26 (~25 ms), and even weaker priming for 32 and 62 (~15 ms). Within each priming level, facilitation was equivalent across conditions. For example, priming was equivalent for 23, 24, and 26.
The MASSIVE Survey XIII. Spatially Resolved Stellar Kinematics in the Central 1 kpc of 20 Massive Elliptical Galaxies with the GMOS-North Integral Field Spectrograph

We use observations from the GEMINI-N/GMOS integral field spectrograph (IFS) to obtain spatially resolved stellar kinematics of the central ∼1 kpc of 20 early-type galaxies (ETGs) with stellar masses greater than 1011.7 M⊙ in the MASSIVE survey. Together with observations from the wide-field Mitchell IFS at McDonald Observatory in our earlier work, we obtain unprecedentedly detailed kinematic maps of local massive ETGs, covering a scale of ∼0.1–30 kpc. The high (∼120) signal-to-noise ratio of the GMOS spectra enables us to obtain two-dimensional maps of the line-of-sight velocity and velocity dispersion σ, as well as the skewness h3 and kurtosis h4 of the stellar velocity distributions. All but one galaxy in the sample have σ(R) profiles that increase toward the center, whereas the slope of σ(R) at one effective radius (Re) can be of either sign. The h4 is generally positive, with 14 of the 20 galaxies having positive h4 within the GMOS aperture and 18 having positive h4 within 1Re. The positive h4 and rising σ(R) toward small radii are indicative of a central black hole and velocity anisotropy. We demonstrate the constraining power of the data on the mass distributions in ETGs by applying Jeans anisotropic modeling (JAM) to NGC 1453, the most regular fast rotator in the sample. Despite the limitations of JAM, we obtain a clear χ2 minimum in black hole mass, stellar mass-to-light ratio, velocity anisotropy parameters, and circular velocity of the dark matter halo.
Modified ratio estimators using robust regression methods

ABSTRACT When there is an outlier in the data set, the efficiency of traditional methods decreases. In order to solve this problem, Kadilar et al. (2007) adapted Huber-M method which is only one of robust regression methods to ratio-type estimators and decreased the effect of outlier problem. In this study, new ratio-type estimators are proposed by considering Tukey-M, Hampel M, Huber MM, LTS, LMS and LAD robust methods based on the Kadilar et al. (2007). Theoretically, we obtain the mean square error (MSE) for these estimators. We compared with MSE values of proposed estimators and MSE values of estimators based on Huber-M and OLS methods. As a result of these comparisons, we observed that our proposed estimators give more efficient results than both Huber M approach which was proposed by Kadilar et al. (2007) and OLS approach. Also, under all conditions, all of the other proposed estimators except Lad method are more efficient than robust estimators proposed by Kadilar et al. (2007). And, these theoretical results are supported with the aid of a numerical example and simulation by basing on data that includes an outlier.
Effects of Human Growth Hormone on the Porto-Arterial Concentration Differences of Glucose and Amino Acids in the Newborn Piglet

It is known that growth hormone (GH) increases the mitotic index of duodenal crypt cells. In early life, such an effect could be of particular importance for the functional development of the intestine in terms of absorptive capacity. In this study, osmotic mini pumps were introduced into the abdominal cavity of newborn piglets. The pumps permitted a continuous infusion of either recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) at a rate of 0.1 lU GH x kg-1 x 24 h or of vehicle. After 7 days of treatment, a bolus of amino acids and glucose was infused into the duodenum. Following this bolus, there was a prompt rise in the plasma concentration of both amino acids and glucose, especially in blood withdrawn from the portal vein. Thus, when the differences in concentrations of both amino acids and glucose between portal and arterial blood plasma were calculated, these differences reached maximum values between 30 and 60 minutes after the bolus. In animals treated with GH, maximum values occurred at a lower level than in control animals. These reductions were in the order of 60% (P >0.01) if calculated over the first hour of absorption. From this study, it might be concluded that GH does not improve the absorptive capacity of the small intestine in newborn piglets. Instead, GH seems to reduce the absorption dynamics of glucose and amino acids. The reason for this is obscure, but could imply a specific effect of GH on enterocyte function.
Isotope Dilution Studies of the Effect of Insulin and Diabetes on Glucose Transfer Rates

Summary A review is presented of isotopic dilution and other techniques designed to study the effect of the diabetic state and insulin on glucose transfer rates. Since in man the required blood sampies from the liver cannot be obtained, tracer methods remain the sole means of investigating glucose kinetics. Aseries of techniques involving administration of 14C-glucose has been devised for this purpose. Critical analysis of these procedures led to a revised concept of the exchangeable body glucose mass; an operational definition recognising delayed inter mixing in principle was substituted for attempts to set up models of compartmental structure. Although each tracer technique is beset with certain limitations, methods using either tracer injection or infusion appear to be capable of yielding valid data, if properly selected according to the type of information desired.
Clinical Characteristics, and Time Course of Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibodies in Thai Patients with Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Distinction Between Patients of Rapid- and Slow-Onset

In order to study the clinical characteristics, time course of 13 cell function and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD65Ab) in Thai patients with adult-onset Type 1 diabetes and to examine the distinctive features between patients with rapid-and slow-onset, 61 Thai patients with Type 1 diabetes who had age of disease onset at or after 20 years were studied. All patients were treated with insulin at the time of study and had fasting C-peptide levels 0.33 nmol/l. Twenty-six (42.6%) were in rapid-onset and 35 (57.4%) were in slow-onset groups. Fourty-four of 61(70.5%) were male. About three-fourths had body mass index (BMI) <19 kgm2 at the time of insulin therapy. Only 7 of 61(11.5%) patients had ketoacidosis at first presentation. Five patients had associated autoimmune thyroid disease and 10 (16.7%) patients had family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives. GAD55Ab was positive in 31 patients (50.8%); 10 (38.5%) were in rapid-onset and 21(60.0%) were in slow-on-set groups. GAD65Ab particularly of high levels were persistently elevated during 3—4 years follow-up period. The persistence of GAD55Ab were not associated with changes in fasting C-peptide levels. At the time of insulin dependency, there were no distinctive clinical features between rapid-and slow-onset patients except higher fasting C-peptide (0.08 0.08 vs. 0.14 0.10 nmol/l; p=0.023) and GAD55Ab levels (19.6± 17.4 vs. 46.1 U/mI; p = 0.036) in slow-onset patients. Fasting C-peptide levels of patients in the latter group were also demonstrated to be higher after 3—4 years of follow-up. In conclusion, most Thai patients with adult-onset Type 1 diabetes in this study were male and had significant degree of weight loss and lean BMI prior to insulin therapy. The presence of GAD65Ab did not predict clinical features or rate of 13 cell loss. Patients in rapid-onset group had lower fasting C-peptide and GAD65Ab levels than those of slow-on-set group which confirms the slower process of 3 cell failure in the latter.
Serum Bioactive and Immunorective Follicle Stimulating Hormone During Chronic Treatment with Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist in Elderly Men

Summary Chronic administration of GnRH agonists "down regulates" the pituitary and decreases LH and FSH serum levels. Changes in the bioactivity of FSH have not been adequately assessed under such treatment, for lack of a proper test. We examined serum changes under GnRH agonist treatment among 12 healthy elderly men suffering only from benign prostatic hypertrophy, for up to one year, using a modification of a granulosa cell bioassay for the de termination of FSH bioactivity. While radioimmunoassay-FSH decreased, we noticed a significant increase in the bio activity of this hormone. The clinical importance of this in crease is discussed.
Raf-1 Activation Stimulates Proliferation and Inhibits IGF-Stimulated Differentiation in L6A1 Myoblasts

Our previous work has demonstrated that the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), acting through a single receptor, stimulate both proliferation and differentiation of L6A1 myoblasts. This unique model system has enabled us to closely examine the switch that regulates these two opposing responses. We have previously shown, using specific inhibitors of the IGF•-l signal transduction pathway, that the mitogenic response is mediated by the Ras/Raf/MAP kinase pathway and the myogenic response by the P1 3kinaseIp70ssk pathway (Coolican SA, Samuel DS, Ewton DZ, McWade F], Florini JR. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 6653—62). In that study we found that PD098059, an inhibitor of MEK activation, inhibited the proliferative response, but dramatically enhanced IGF-stimulated differentiation which was associated with elevation of p7056k activity. Since there have been reports of elevation of Raf-1 activity in PD098059-treated L6 myoblasts, and stimulation of p7OSSk activity in cells expressing an activated Raf-1, it was important to determine whether or not Raf-1 elevation plays a role in the myogenic response. To test this, we have transfected L6A1 myoblasts with ARaf-1 :ER, an estradiol-regulated form of oncogenic Raf-1. We found that activation of Raf-1 by estradiol resulted in increased phosphorylation of p42 and p44 MAP kinases and stimulation of proliferation. In contrast, Raf-1 activation inhibited all measured aspects of the myogenic response: myogenin expression, creatirie kinase elevation, and fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes. In addition, we found no elevation of p7OSSk activity upon Raf••1 activation. These results indicate the following: (1) stimulation of myogenic differentiation by PD098059 treatment is not simply due to the elevation of Raf-1, (2) Raf-1 has a positive role in the MAP kinase pathway and myoblast proliferation, and (3) Raf-1 activation inhibits myogenesis, possibly by forcing cells to remain in the proliferative state.
Periods of continuous maps on some compact spaces

The objective of this paper is to provide information on the set of periodic points of a continuous self-map defined in the following compact spaces: (the n-dimensional sphere), (the product space of the n-dimensional with the m-dimensional spheres), (the n-dimensional complex projective space) and (the n-dimensional quaternion projective space). We use as main tool the action of the map on the homology groups of these compact spaces.
Effects of Nw-Nitro l-Arginine Methyl Ester on the Response to NaCl Load in Hyper- and Hypothyroid Rats

Summary We assessed the effects of the inhibition of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthesis with A^-nitro-L-ar- ginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on water and sodium han dling after NaCl load containing the inhibitor at 0,0.5, 5 and 50mg/kg in conscious control, hyper-and hypothyroid rats. L-NAME at 0.5mg/kg caused a similar decrease in diuresis and natriuresis in control and hypothyroid rats, whereas no changes were seen in the hyperthyroid group. The saline load with 5 mg/kg of L-NAME produced no significant changes with respect to the 0 dose in any variable in control and hypothyroid rats, but increased natriuresis in the hyperthy roid group. The highest dose of L-NAME (50 mg/kg) in creased the diuretic and natriuretic response in control and hyperthyroid groups, whereas in the hypothyroid group no urinary variable was significantly modified with respect to the 0 dose. These results indicate that the antidiuretic and antinatriuretic effects of L-NAME at low doses are suppressed in hyperthyroid rats, whereas the diuretic and natriuretic effects at high doses are absent in hypothyroid rats. Our findings suggest that the modulatory role of NO on sodium and water excretion is affected in both thyroid dis orders. In addition, the highest dose of L-NAME killed hy perthyroid rats, indicating that NO plays an essential role for life in hyperthyroidism.
Effective preconditioners for iterative solutions of large-scale surface-integral-equation problems (Büyük ölçekli yüzey integral denklemi problemlerinin iteratif çözümleri için etkin öniyileştiriciler)

EFFECTIVE PRECONDITIONERS FOR ITERATIVE SOLUTIONS OF LARGE-SCALE SURFACE-INTEGRAL-EQUATION PROBLEMS Tahir Malas Ph.D. in Electrical and Electronics Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Levent Gürel March 2010 A popular method to study electromagnetic scattering and radiation of threedimensional electromagnetics problems is to solve discretized surface integral equations, which give rise to dense linear systems. Iterative solution of such linear systems using Krylov subspace iterative methods and the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) has been a very attractive approach for large problems because of the reduced complexity of the solution. This scheme works well, however, only if the number of iterations required for convergence of the iterative solver is not too high. Unfortunately, this is not the case for many practical problems. In particular, discretizations of open-surface problems and complex real-life targets yield ill-conditioned linear systems. The iterative solutions of such problems are not tractable without preconditioners, which can be roughly defined as easily invertible approximations of the system matrices. In this dissertation, we present our efforts to design effective preconditioners for large-scale surface-integral-equation problems. We first address incomplete LU (ILU) preconditioning, which is the most commonly used and well-established
On sections of commutative group schemes

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Physico-Chemical Properties of Low Density Lipoproteins in Normolipidemic Asian Indian Men

The present study investigated whether a predisposition to high frequency of small, dense low density lipoproteins (LDL) could be an additional coronary risk factor in migrant Asian Indians. Ninety-three normolipidemic (fasting plasma cholesterol levels (cid:17) 240 mg/dl and triglyceride levels <250 mg/dl) adultAsian Indian men residing in the U.S. were compared to a group of 59 Caucasian men for the prevalence of LDL electrophoretic patterns A and B (size of major LDL peak (cid:18) 255 A for LDL pattern A and <255 Afor LDE pattern B). Compared to the Caucasians, the Asian Indians had larger LDE size (mean SD; 260.1 12.8 A vs 267.7 11.4 A, respectively; p = 0.0002), an increased frequency of LDL pattern A (59% vs 85 %, respectively) and a lower frequency of LDL pattern B (41 % vs 15 %, respectively) (p = 0.0005). The difference in LDL size in the two study groups persisted after adjusting for the various confounding variables, such as age, plasma triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and dietary habits. We conclude that compared to Caucasians, Asian Indian men have larger LDL particles and a lower prevalence of LDL phenotype B in the presence of normolipidemia. Therefore, we exclude a genetic predisposition to atherogenic LOl. phenotype as a factor contributing to the high incidence of coronary heart disease in migrant Asian Indians.
The Significance of Hyperphagia and Diet Composition on the Metabolism inVentromedial Hypothalamic Lesioned Male Rats

Summary The metabolic consequences of ventromedial hypothalamic lesion were studied in a group of aged male rats which were obese and had decreased response to insulin. The effects of hyperphagia and ventromedial hypothalamic lesion per se were separated by comparing experimental animals fed isocalorical-ly with controls and animals fed ad libitum. Ventromedial hypothalamic lesion as such led to increases in the glucose conversion to fatty acid and in lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue. Protein catabolism as reflected by plasma urea levels, was enhanced. The lipoprotein lipase activity in heart tended to be lower after VMH lesion. These metabolic changes were amplified in the VMH lesioned rats fed ad libitum. The liver glycogen content was lowered by VMH lesion, but this effect was abolished by hyperphagia. In parallel experiments the influence of diet composition was studied by feeding similar groups with diet of high fat con tent. The glucose incorporation in fatty acids was in all groups markedly and similarly inhibited by the high fat diet. The increase in lipoprotein lipase activity in heart and adipose tissue of control rats with high fat intake could not be demonstrated in any of the groups with ventromedial hypothalamic lesion. The plasma urea level in the control group was not affected by the diet, but tended to increase in the ventromedial hypothalamic lesioned groups on high fat intake. These findings demonstrate that the well known metabolic effects of ventromedial hypothalamic lesions are also manifest in obese insulin resistant male rats. Further more, the responses to changes in diet composition are different from those of the control rats.