Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topside ionospheric electron temperature and density along the Weddell Sea latitude

It has been well known that the ionospheric electron density Ne is greater in the summer nighttime than daytime around the Weddell Sea region, which is named Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA). This paper for the first time reports unusual increases (decreases) of the daytime (nighttime) electron temperature Te at about 830 km altitude over the WSA latitudes probed by Tatiana‐2 during December 2009 to January 2010. Concurrent measurements at 660–830 km altitude observed by Tatiana‐2, Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER), and Formosa Satellite 3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (F3/C) reveal the anticorrelation between Te and Ne along the WSA latitudes in the daytime and nighttime. Based on F3/C Ne along the WSA latitudes observed at various local times, the associated Te values are computed. The Tatiana‐2 and DEMETER observations as well as the computed results show that Te yield the maximum values over the WSA region during daytime and over the Indian and Atlantic Ocean area during nighttime. The maxima or minima in F3/C Ne and the computed Te reveal eastward phase shifts.
Contract Design and Stability in Matching Markets

We develop a model of many-to-many matching with contracts which subsumes as special cases many-to-many matching markets and buyer-seller markets with heterogeneous and indivisible goods. In our setting, in contrast to results for the setting of many-to-one matching with contracts, preference substitutability is sufficient and necessary to guarantee the existence of a nonempty lattice of stable allocations. Several fundamental structural results, such as the rural hospitals theorem, extend to our setting. We apply these results to derive a novel condition on preferences, weaker than substitutability, that is sufficient for the existence of a lattice of stable allocations in the context of many-to-one matching with contracts; extensions of this condition yield rural hospitals and strategy-proofness results. We also develop a theory of language for many-tomany matching markets with contracts, and show a natural tradeoff between expressiveness and stability: bundling makes a contractual language less expressive, but encourages substitutability of agents’ preferences over contracts. JEL Codes: C78, C62, D4, L14
The Relationship Between Mobile Service Quality, Perceived Technology Compatibility, and Users' Perceived Playfulness in the Context of Mobile Information and Entertainment Services

There is a growing body of research into mobile information and entertainment services in recent years. Using an extended Technology Acceptance Model perspective, this study explored the effect of mobile service quality and its compatibility to mobile technology on users' perceived playfulness toward these services. Mobile Service Quality and Perceived Technology Compatibility were found to influence users' Perceived Playfulness. Furthermore, Perceived Technology Compatibility significantly mediated the relationship between Mobile Service Quality and Perceived Playfulness. This suggests that service attributes need to be aligned with mobile phone functionalities to enhance user's Perceived Playfulness. In addition, Perceived Usefulness, Ease of Use, and Personalization are the three most important service quality aspects that influenced Perceived Playfulness.
Bioremediation Potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 on Crude Oil Spill Polluted Marshland and Terrestrial Soil Treated with Oil Spill Dispersant

Aim: To investigate bioremediation potentiality of Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 on crude oil Polluted Marshland and Terrestrial Soil treated with oil spill dispersant Study Design: The study employs experimental design, statistical analysis of data and interpretation. Place and Duration of the Study: Soil samples were collected from K-Dere, Gokana L.G. A, and were transported to the Microbiology Laboratory of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria for analyses while Oil spill dispersant (OSD/LT and OSD/Seacare) were from Barker and Hughes Nig Ltd (formally mil park Nigeria limited), all in Rivers state, Nigeria. This investigation study lasted for 28 days and sampling was done every 7day period. Methodology: Eight experimental set up were carried out using Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 as the bio-augmenting organism in terrestrial and marshland soil contaminated with two Oil spill dispersant (OSD/LT and OSD/Seacare) separately. Controls for the two soil types were made without organism and treatment. Its bioremediation potential on the pollutants and two types of soil were monitored for 28 days. The setup was tilled twice a week to provide moisture and more oxygen for the organisms to thrive. Analysis of pH, Temperature, Moisture content, Total Hydrocarbon Content, Total Heterotrophic Bacteria, Dispersant Utilizing Bacteria was carried out at weekly intervals. Results: The pH of both soils ranged from 5.75 to 7.37; temperature from 270C to 340C; moisture content 03 to 0.6 across the soil samples. Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) showed a steady decline from day 1 – 28. The percentage (%) bioremediation rates of polluted soils were as follows: Terrestrial soil+OSD/Seacare+Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 69.4% > Terrestrial soil+OSD/LT+ Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 65.9% > Marshland soil+OSD/Seacare+ Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 52.6% > Marshland soil+OSD/Seacare+ Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 47.6%. Dispersant utilizing bacterial count in marshland and terrestrial soil ranged from 6.013 to 7.338 log10Cfu/g and 6.045 to 7.301 log10Cfu/g respectively from Day 1 to 28. Conclusion: From the investigation, it revealed that Oil spill dispersants are more degradable in terrestrial soil than marshland soil. OSD/Seacare is more biodegradable than OSD/LT in both terrestrial and marshland soil augmented with Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570. Thus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KX828570 have been found to be a potential bioremediation agent in oil spill dispersant polluted marshland and terrestrial soil.
The Stanford Log-linear POS Tagger 1 supports two optimization methods , where one is IIS

Maximum entropy (Maxent) is useful in natural language processing and many other areas. Iterative scaling (IS) methods are one of the most popular approaches to solve Maxent. With many variants of IS methods, it is difficult to understand them and see the differences. In this paper, we create a general and unified framework for iterative scaling methods. This framework also connects iterative scaling and coordinate descent methods. We prove general convergence results of IS methods and analyze their computational complexity. Based on the proposed framework, we extend a coordinate descent method for linear SVM to Maxent. Results show that it is faster than existing iterative scaling methods. keywords Maximum entropy, Iterative scaling, Coordinate descent, Natural language processing, Optimization
Integrating spatial gene expression and breast tumour morphology via deep learning

images at a × 20 magnification. ST-Net takes a 224 × 224-pixel patch of the image centred on each spot—corresponding to around 150 × 150 µ m 2 —and predicts the log expression of the 250 target genes. The window used by ST-Net is slightly larger than the size of the spots (100 × 100 µ m 2 ). Using leave-one-patient-out cross validation, we computed the root mean squared error and Pearson's correlation between the predicted and observed log expression of each
EcoEvoApps: Interactive Apps for Teaching Theoretical 3 Models in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

31 Theoretical models are fundamental in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEB), but they can be 32 difficult to teach in undergraduate classrooms because students come in with inconsistent 33 mathematical training and varying attitudes towards mathematics. A promising way to make 34 these models more approachable is to use active learning exercises that allow model exploration
Rice genotypic variation in methane emission patterns under irrigated culture

Anthropogenic emission of methane under anaerobic condition of irrigated rice fields, is a global concern contributing to global warming more than any other greenhouse gases. A field experiment was conducted with eight rice genotypes to identify the genotype(s) with low methane emission coupled with high yielding potential. Emissions of methane were measured from all treatments using manual operated closed chamber technique following standard guidelines and CH4 concentrations in the collected air samples were measured by gas chromatography. Methane emissions during different growing stages of rice ranged between 43.6 and 579.2 mg CH4 m-2 d-1 and showed a higher emission at maximum tillering to flowering stages, while peaks in CH4 fluxes were observed in 67 DAT for short duration and 84 DAT in long duration rice genotypes. Root biomass and growth duration showed significant positive correlation with methane emission (p BR16> BINA dhan-6> BRRI dhan29> BINA dhan-10> BRRI dhan28> BRRI dhan55> BINA dhan-17. Yield scaled methane emission decreased by 14-45% in response to different rice genotypes. Employing yield scaled methane emission can address both climate change and national food demand.
Impact of Mining on Forests and Its Biological Diversity at Kirandul Iron Ore Mines, Dantewada, South Bastar, Chhattisgarh: A Case Study

Mining activities have several impacts on the environment. In our study, emphasis was given to assess biodiversity in one of the leading iron ore mining sites of Bailadila-Kirandul Iron Ore Mines (KIOM) of Dantewada District, South Bastar of Chhattisgarh. Habitat fragmentation, loss and deforestation are highly prevalent in the area. However, the study reveals high species richness of 110 and 253 plant species in core and buffer zone respectively. Canopy cover was found to be within 10 to 40% and in places in the buffer zone canopy cover with > 40% was recorded. Species diversity index indicates the instability of vegetation structure in the area with indices of 1.44 in core and 1.88 in buffer zone. Although species richness is high, about 10 floral species (7 herbs, 3 trees) are recorded under REET (Rare Endangered Extinct Threatened) species while locally endangered floral species are 6 and locally critically endangered are 4. Similarly, 208 faunal species belong to 10 faunal groups was recorded out of which 34 species are listed in different Schedules of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Therefore, it is an urgent need for planning to undertake appropriate management strategies to conserve biodiversity in the area.
TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE

In the course of evolution, proteins show a remarkable conservation of their three-dimensional structure and their biological function, leading to strong evolutionary constraints on the sequence variability between homologous proteins. Our method aims at extracting such constraints from rapidly accumulating sequence data, and thereby at inferring protein structure and function from sequence information alone. Recently, global statistical inference methods (e.g. direct-coupling analysis, sparse inverse covariance estimation) have achieved a breakthrough towards this aim, and their predictions have been successfully implemented into tertiary and quaternary protein structure prediction methods. However, due to the discrete nature of the underlying variable (amino-acids), exact inference requires exponential time in the protein length, and efficient approximations are needed for practical applicability. Here we propose a very efficient multivariate Gaussian modeling approach as a variant of direct-coupling analysis: the discrete amino-acid variables are replaced by continuous Gaussian random variables. The resulting statistical inference problem is efficiently and exactly solvable. We show that the quality of inference is comparable or superior to the one achieved by mean-field approximations to inference with discrete variables, as done by direct-coupling analysis. This is true for ( i ) the prediction of residue-residue contacts in proteins, and ( ii ) the identification of protein-protein interaction partner in bacterial signal transduction. An implementation of our multivariate Gaussian approach is available at the website http://areeweb.polito. it/ricerca/cmp/code.
Presumed Inhibitory Neurons in the Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex : Visual Response Properties and Functional Interactions With Adjacent Neurons

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , December 1, 2004; 16 (12): 2597-2637. Neural Comput. E. Curti, G. Mongillo, G. La Camera and D. J. Amit Coded Random Memories Mean Field and Capacity in Realistic Networks of Spiking Neurons Storing Sparsely [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , November 2, 2005; 25 (44): 10299-10307. J. Neurosci. T. Hirabayashi and Y. Miyashita Depending on the Feature Configuration within a Whole Object Dynamically Modulated Spike Correlation in Monkey Inferior Temporal Cortex [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , November 7, 2007; 27 (45): 12292-12307. J. Neurosci. D. Zoccolan, M. Kouh, T. Poggio and J. J. DiCarlo Trade-Off between Object Selectivity and Tolerance in Monkey Inferotemporal Cortex [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , February 21, 2008; 0 (2008): bhn015v1-bhn015. Cereb Cortex B. Anderson, R. E.B. Mruczek, K. Kawasaki and D. Sheinberg Effects of Familiarity on Neural Activity in Monkey Inferior Temporal Lobe
The Trickle-Down E(cid:11)ect: Web Caching and Server Request Distribution

Web proxies and Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) are widely used to accelerate Web content delivery and to conserve Internet bandwidth. These caching agents are highly e(cid:11)ective for static content, which is an important component of all Web-based services. This paper explores the e(cid:11)ect of ubiquitous Web caching on the request patterns seen by other components of an end-to-end content delivery architecture, including Web server clusters and interior caches. In particular, object popularity distributions in the Web tend to be Zipf-like, but caches disproportionately absorb requests for the most popular objects, changing the reference properties of the (cid:12)ltered request stream in fundamental ways. We call this the trickle-down e(cid:11)ect. This paper uses trace-driven simulation and synthetic traf-(cid:12)c patterns to illustrate the trickle-down e(cid:11)ect and to investigate its impact on other components of a content delivery architecture, focusing on the implications for request distribution strategies in server clusters.
AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction

: Organizations invest heavily in developing and maintaining websites to meet various transactional (e.g., online purchases) and non-transactional (e.g., influencing brand attitude and disseminating product information organizational goals. In considering non-transactional outcomes—specifically brand attitude formation and information dissemination—one finds that two literature streams emerge, although they present different recommendations. First, cognitive attitude formation research recommends designing interfaces to promote an efficient experience that takes less time and requires less movement among webpages. On the other hand, the mere exposure literature recommends that longer durations and more exposure to related ideas should improve non-transactional outcomes. To understand the relationship between these two perspectives, we tested related hypotheses in a within-subjects observational experiment with a follow-up survey 10 days later. Building on theory regarding task characteristics, we also included goal-directedness as a hypothesized moderating variable. We found that more time spent on a website was associated with greater brand attitude improvement and product knowledge retention, but that more webpage views was associated with reduced product knowledge. In addition, the task type influenced the relationships between webpages viewed and brand attitude and between time spent and product knowledge retention.
A Place next to Satoshi – Foundations of Blockchain and Cryptocurrency Research in Business and Economics

Blockchain technology has become an ubiquitous phenomenon. While the topic originated in computer science, the business and economics literature was comparatively slow to pick up on it. To better understand the academic basis, current developments and future research avenues of the discourse, I analyse 467 blockchain and cryptocurrency articles and their 9,672 cited references from the fields of business and economics, which I gather from the Web of Science Core Collection. Five major strands of research are identified through factor analysis. They are reviewed and their interrelation is mapped using social network analysis. I find that research on I) market efficiency and economics and II) asset pricing and valuation is relatively mature and focuses on cryptocurrencies, while research on III) the principles and applications of blockchain technology, IV) transactions and anonymity and V) monetary theory and policy lacks maturity. I point out potential paths for future research and conclude that this young field of research still leaves plenty of room for manoeuvre. A scientific place next to Nakamoto (2008) is still available for existing, emerging and new research streams.
Harmonic grammar with linear programming

Harmonic Grammar (HG) is a model of linguistic constraint interaction in which well-formedness is calculated as the sum of weighted constraint violations. We show how linear programming algorithms can be used to determine whether there is a weighting for a set of constraints that fits a set of linguistic data. Our associated software package HaLP provides a practical tool for studying large and complex linguistic systems in the HG framework, and thus it can be valuable for comparing HG’s linear model to the model of constraint ranking assumed in Optimality Theory. We describe the translation from linguistic systems to linear systems, and we report on some recent work modeling HG typologies using HaLP.
MIT Sloan School of Management

Online feedback mechanisms harness the bi-directional communication capabilities of the Internet in order to engineer large-scale word-of-mouth networks. Best known so far as a technology for building trust and fostering cooperation in online marketplaces, such as eBay, these mechanisms are poised to have a much wider impact on organizations. Their growing popularity has potentially important implications for a wide range of management activities, such as brand building, customer acquisition and retention, product development
Assessment of Seasonal Changes in Abiotic and Zooplankton Communities in Highly and Moderately Alkaline Sandhills Lakes

Regionally proximate waters in the Sandhills of Nebraska are known to have distinctive alkaline conditions. However, little is known about the seasonal variability that exists for abiotic conditions and zooplankton communities within these same waters. This study assessed two highly alkaline and four moderately alkaline lakes for seasonal trends in conductivity, turbidity, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and nitrate, as well as zooplankton biodiversity and density. These findings indicate that each water has seasonally dynamic conditions and communities. Future reporting should identify the season of collection and expand the temporal collection to more accurately characterize these waters. Additionally, managers should not assume that proximate waters demonstrate similar seasonal variation.
How Feedback Can Improve Managerial Evaluations of Model-Based Marketing Decision Support Systems

Marketing managers often provide much poorer evaluations of model-based marketing decision support systems (MDSSs) than are warranted by the objective performance of those systems. We show that a reason for this discrepant evaluation may be that MDSSs are often not designed to help users understand and internalize the underlying factors driving the MDSS results and related recommendations. Thus, there is likely to be a gap between a marketing manager’s mental model and the decision model embedded in the MDSS. We suggest that this gap is an important reason for the poor subjective evaluations of MDSSs, even when the MDSSs are of high objective quality, ultimately resulting in unreasonably low levels of MDSS adoption and use. We propose that to have impact, an MDSS should not only be of high objective quality, but should also help reduce any mental model-MDSS model gap. We evaluate two design characteristics that together lead model-users to update their mental models and reduce the mental model-MDSS gap, resulting in better MDSS evaluations: providing feedback on the upside potential for performance improvement and providing specific suggestions for corrective actions to better align the user's mental model with the MDSS. We hypothesize that, in tandem, these two types of MDSS feedback induce marketing managers to update their mental models, a process we call deep learning, whereas individually, these two types of feedback will have much smaller effects on deep learning. We validate our framework in an experimental setting, using a realistic MDSS in the context of a direct marketing decision problem. We then discuss how our findings can lead to design improvements and better returns on investments in MDSSs such as CRM systems, Revenue Management systems, pricing decision support systems, and the like.
Chapter 4: Northern spotted owl habitat and populations: status and threats

The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1990 (USFWS 1990). Providing adequate amounts of suitable forest cover to sustain the subspecies was a major component of the first recovery plan for northern spotted owls (USFWS 1992) and a driver in the basic reserve design and old-forest restoration under the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP, or Plan) (USDA and USDI 1994). The reserve design included large contiguous blocks of late-successional forest, which was expected to be sufficient to provide habitat for many interacting pairs of northern spotted owls. As such, the selection of reserves generally favored areas with the highest quality old-growth forests, but some areas of younger forest were also included with the expectation that they would eventually develop suitable forest structure characteristics and contribute to spatial patterns that would sustain spotted owl populations.
Configuring Hierarchical Layouts to Address Research Questions

We explore the effects of selecting alternative layouts in hierarchical displays that show multiple aspects of large multivariate datasets, including spatial and temporal characteristics. Hierarchical displays of this type condition a dataset by multiple discrete variable values, creating nested graphical summaries of the resulting subsets in which size, shape and colour can be used to show subset properties. These 'small multiples' are ordered by the conditioning variable values and are laid out hierarchically using dimensional stacking. Crucially, we consider the use of different layouts at different hierarchical levels, so that the coordinates of the plane can be used more effectively to draw attention to trends and anomalies in the data. We argue that these layouts should be informed by the type of conditioning variable and by the research question being explored. We focus on space-filling rectangular layouts that provide data-dense and rich overviews of data to address research questions posed in our exploratory analysis of spatial and temporal aspects of property sales in London. We develop a notation ('HiVE') that describes visualisation and layout states and provides reconfiguration operators, demonstrate its use for reconfiguring layouts to pursue research questions and provide guidelines for this process. We demonstrate how layouts can be related through animated transitions to reduce the cognitive load associated with their reconfiguration whilst supporting the exploratory process.