Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the recreational shore fishery in the Goukamma Marine Protected Area

ABSTRACT Ten years (1993–2002) of shore fishing catch and effort data collected during routine patrols in the Goukamma Marine Protected Area in the Western Cape Province were analysed. Of a total of 35 species recorded, the most common were backtail, Diplodus sargus capensis (39%), and galjoen, Dichistius capensis (25%). These species dominated most years of the study period. Mean overall annual catch per unit effort by number and weight remained relatively constant over the period. Up to 30% of the recorded catches of top species were smaller than the minimum legal size limits. Although catches of most of the top species contained <7% immature specimens, 98% of recorded dusky kob, Argyrosomus japonicus, and 87% of white steenbras, Lithognathus lithognathus, were immature. Blacktail and galjoen showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in mean annual weight over the period. Inherent sampling biases associated with compliance-orientated fisheries monitoring procedures limited the potential of the collected data.
EVIDENCE BASED PHARMACOTHERAPY AGAINST THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A TARGETED HYPOTHESIS-DRIVEN DRUG DEVELOPMENT

The SARS-CoV-2 prevailed as a regional health threat and emerged into a pandemi effecting the sectors of global economy and welfare as well. The cause of this rapid morbidity is reported due to impeccable capability of these zoonotic pathogens to transmit. The probable events occurring at cellular level in the areas of respiratory tract are postulated under three phases: Phase-I: Asymptomatic phase, Phase-II: Symptomatic phase, Phase-III: Progressive-Terminal phase taking around 1-14 days to show the symptoms varying from Mild, Moderate and Severe. Based on the review and evaluation of various pathogenicity factors and pathophysiology pathways of the SARSCoV2, the therapeutic agents targeting the viral proliferation only are postulated under 2 categories as the following: Anti-viral Agents such as Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Darunavir/Ritonavir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Hydroxychloroquine&Chloroquine. Agents with No reported evidence of therapeutic effects include Oseltamivir, Umifenovir, Baloxavir, Nitazoxanide, Azithromycin, ACE Inhibitors or ARBs. The major limitation for COVID-19 pandemic being a novel viral disease has no specific standard therapy yet. In this hypothesis-driven study, the authors have listed the aspects for targeting certain specific pathways/sites of action for drug/vaccine development which include Immune Modulatory Agents such as Interferon beta-B1, Interleukin Inhibitors, Statins, Notch Signaling Inhibitors, Soluble ACE2R, ACE2 Receptor Blockers, Spike Cleavage Inhibitors, Furin Inhibitors, ADAM17 Inhibitors, PAI-1, TMPRRS2 Inhibitors. This hypothesis-driven study intervenes the various possible approaches to find if any of the old agents might be effective in management/prevention/eradication for this new disease.
KEY FACTORS AFFECTING MOBILE BANKING ADOPTION AMONG BANKS’ CUSTOMERS IN SUDAN

The accelerated advancement in technology resulted to the appearance of Self Service Technology (SST). Different forms of SST are presented in the banking Sector. This study aimed to identify the main factors that influence the adoption of Mobile Banking (M-banking) service in Sudan, we mainly focused on integrated Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) constructs, which are perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk and perceived trust. 181 bank’s customers in Sudan were sampled for responding, all of them were M-banking service users. Factor analysis and regression technique were employed to investigate the relationship among variables. Our results revealed that customers’ intention to use M-banking in Sudan is influenced strongly by perceived trust, perceived ease of use and perceived risk. Perceived usefulness was found to be with no influence on the intention to use M-banking service among customers of Sudanese banks.
In Vitro and Intracellular Activities of Omadacycline against Staphylococcus aureus Isolates

Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of serious bacterial infections worldwide [1, 2]. Skin and skin structure infections have increased in recent years, and the most frequent bacteria were S. aureus or other Gram-positive bacteria [2, 3]. Effective management of serious skin infections often is complicated by antibiotic resistance, in particular Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), which accounts for nearly half of all isolates from skin and skin structure infections in the United States [4]. Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is the most common infectious disease leading to hospitalization and mortality among all age groups, especially the elderly [5, 6]. While S. aureus only is isolated in approximately 2% of cases of CAP, identification of S. aureus as a cause of CAP is associated with poor outcomes and increased mortality [1] and has been reported to be the cause of co-infection in 39%-45% of patients hospitalized with influenza [7].
Diskretni plinski kavitacijski model z upotevanjem vpliva

Prehodni kavitacijski tok pare v cevi vzbudi padec tlaka na parni tlak kapljevine. Podan je kratek oris metode karakteristik, temu slede osnove nestalnega kapljevinskega trenja in prehodnega kavitacijskega toka v cevi. Glavni cilj tega prispevka je predstavitev novega plinskega kavitacijskega modela (DPKM) z upotevanjem vplivov nestalnega trenja. Rezultati izraèuna so primerjani z rezultati meritev v laboratoriju. Upotevanje nestalnega trenja v DPKM da bolj natanène raèunske rezultate. © 2005 Strojniki vestnik. Vse pravice pridrane. (Kljuène besede: sistemi cevni, udari vodni, tok kavitacijski, modeli kavitacijski diskretni plinski, trenje nestalno)
Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and mineral content of onion Allium cepa L

This experiment was conducted to find the influence of both organic and mineral fertilizer on the quality and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) and also on the macro and micro element contents of onion bulb. Cattle manure was applied at 0, 20, 40 and 60 t/ha. Nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium was applied at the recommended dose of 120:100:150 with half of the recommended rate of NPK. Yield, yield components and macro-micro element contents were measured. In the first year, bulb width and number of storage leaf were influenced significantly by the treatments. In the second year, applications affected onion yield significantly but bulb number, fleshy thickness, bulb weight, bulb height, number of storage leaf, number of shoot tip and number of dried leaves were not influenced statistically. In the first year, treatments influenced K content, but did not influence N, P, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn contents of the onion bulb. In the second year, the treatments influenced Na content, but did not influence the others. Key words: Onion, organic fertilizer, mineral fertilizer, yield, macro elements, micro elements.
Radio-tracking observations on ranging and foraging patterns by kinkajous (Potos flavus) in French Guiana

ABSTRACT Two kinkajous (Potos flavus) were equipped with radio-transmitters and tracked during a 14- and a 7-day period in a primary forest of French Guiana. Both individuals were strictly nocturnal. They moved between food patches (flowering or fruiting trees) during c. 65% of the night, visited food trees during c. 20%, while the remaining time was devoted to rest. Rest time tended to peak in the middle of the night, whereas distances travelled peaked at the beginning and the end of the night. Minimum and maximum home range areas, estimated from minimum area and minimum convex polygon methods respectively, reached 15.7 and 17.6 ha in the female, 26.6 and 39.5 ha in the male. Mean daily activity area amounted to 5.5 ha in the female, 11.3 ha in the male. Distances travelled in a night averaged 1495 m for the female, 2540 m for the male. In contrast to the female, the male used the periphery more intensively than the centre of its home range. Both individuals occupied several roosts located in the canopy, but one far more frequently than the others. The male's roosts were all situated in the periphery of the home range. Kinkajous were observed feeding on flowers or fruits of 15 plant species. Among the 10 species exploited for fruits, at least seven were dispersed. Dispersal distances averaged 200 ± 75 m (13 seed dispersal occurrences for 16 defecations), while seed transit time varied from 45 min to 3 h 35 min. P. flavus appears to be nocturnal, solitary, a generalist fruit and flower-eater and an important seed dispersal agent.
Insectivorous and open-cup nester bird species suffer the most from urbanization

Capsule Urbanization effects in an Eastern European city depend on feeding and breeding traits of bird communities with stronger negative effects on more specialized traits. Aims To assess how urbanization affects feeding and breeding traits of bird communities in Cluj (Romania). Methods Based on a stratified random sampling we selected 61 study squares of 200 × 200 m for bird surveys representing the following habitats: suburban, residential and apartment complex (representing an increasing urbanization gradient). We carried out bird censuses in both breeding and wintering seasons. The observed bird species were classified according to their feeding guilds and nesting sites. Results Insectivorous and open-cup nesting species were most abundant in suburban areas. Omnivorous species richness was not related to urbanization gradient. Species showed similar patterns of distribution during breeding and winter with respect to feeding habits. However, in case of nesting preferences, species richness of cavity nesters increased with urbanization gradient in winter, but decreased in the breeding season. Conclusions Food and nesting site availability are key drivers in limiting more specialist species in utilizing city centres. Future studies should assess the effect of how green areas can counteract such negative effects of increasing urbanization in the context of such specialist trait limitations.
Effects of land use change and management on the European cropland carbon balance

We model the carbon balance of European croplands between 1901 and 2000 in response to land use and management changes. The process‐based ORCHIDEE‐STICS model is applied here in a spatially explicit framework. We reconstructed land cover changes, together with an idealized history of agro‐technology. These management parameters include the treatment of straw and stubble residues, application of mineral fertilizers, improvement of cultivar species and tillage. The model is integrated for wheat and maize during the period 1901–2000 forced by climate each 1/2‐hour, and by atmospheric CO2, land cover change and agro‐technology each year. Several tests are performed to identify the most sensitive agro‐technological parameters that control the net biome productivity (NBP) in the 1990s, with NBP equaling for croplands the soil C balance. The current NBP is a small sink of 0.16 t C ha−1 yr−1. The value of NBP per unit area reflects past and current management, and to a minor extent the shrinking areas of arable land consecutive to abandonment during the 20th Century. The uncertainty associated with NBP is large, with a 1‐sigma error of 0.18 t C ha−1 yr−1 obtained from a qualitative, but comprehensive budget of various error terms. The NBP uncertainty is dominated by unknown historical agro‐technology changes (47%) and model structure (27%), with error in climate forcing playing a minor role. A major improvement to the framework would consist in using a larger number of representative crops. The uncertainty of historical land‐use change derived from three different reconstructions, has a surprisingly small effect on NBP (0.01 t C ha−1 yr−1) because cropland area remained stable during the past 20 years in all the tested land use forcing datasets. Regional cross‐validation of modeled NBP against soil C inventory measurements shows that our results are consistent with observations, within the uncertainties of both inventories and model. Our estimation of cropland NBP is however likely to be biased towards a sink, given that inventory data from different regions consistently indicate a small source whereas we model a small sink.
Growth and Resource Use of Maize, Pigeonpea and Maize/Pigeonpea Intercrop in an Operational Research Watershed

SUMMARY Growth and interception of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) in a maize/pigeonpea intercrop and sole maize and sole pigeonpea crops grown in large plots in an operational research watershed at ICRISAT research centre were compared. Growth and yield of the maize crop, in pure stands and in intercrop, were not significantly different. Efficiency of dry matter production, calculated from the relations between dry matter production and cumulative intercepted PAR, was highest for the maize/pigeonpea intercrop, followed by sole maize and sole pigeon-pea, proving the utility of such intercrops in making better use of resources in the Semi-Arid Tropics (SAT).
Spatiotemporal variation in acorn production and damage in a Spanish holm oak (Quercus ilex) dehesa

Aim of study. There is a lack of knowledge about spatio-temporal patterns of acorn production in dehesas, especially regarding the influence of different agents causing acorn damage. We examined the spatial and temporal variability on acorn production and damage in four stands within a dehesa farm in 1997, 1998 and 1999. Area of study. The study was carried out in a 1800 ha dehesa farm of Caceres province, western Spain. Material and Methods. Acorns were sampled by means of seed traps placed in the canopy of six holm oak trees per stand. Acorn collected in it were counted and assessed for damage by Curculio weevils, Cydia moths and the bacterial pathogen Brenneria quercina . Main results. Mean acorn production for the whole study period was 44.60 acorns m -2 , which did not vary significantly either among stands or among years. The variability among individual trees was very high (0-300 acorns m -2 ). The rate of infestation by Curculio was 7.64 ± 10.72 %, by Cydia was 1.76 ± 3.33 %, whereas 10.29 ± 16.12 % of acorns were infested by Brenneria . We found no significant spatial differences, but the rates of acorn loss by insects varied among years. These rates were independent of annual acorn production and there was no correlation among damages by different pests, except between Curculio and Cydia in two crop years. Research highlights. It can be concluded that acorn crops are synchronized at the within-farm level and that the temporal variation in acorn damages can be independent of crop size. Keywords: Acorn production; Brenneria; Curculio; Cydia; dehesa; Quercus ilex; spatio-temporal variation.
Temperature effects on morphological integrity and Ca 2+ signaling 1 in freshly isolated mouse microvascular endothelial cell tubes

33 To study Ca 2+ signaling in the endothelium of murine resistance microvessels, we determined in 34 vitro stability of endothelial cell (EC) tubes freshly isolated from abdominal muscle feed arteries 35 of male and female C57BL/6 mice (5-9 mo, 25-35 g). We tested the hypothesis that [Ca 2+ ] i 36 responses to muscarinic receptor activation would increase with temperature. Intact EC tubes 37 (length, 1-2 mm; width, 65-80 µm) were isolated using gentle enzymatic digestion with 38 trituration to remove smooth muscle cells. A freshly isolated EC tube was secured in a chamber 39 and superfused at 24 (room temperature), 32 or 37 ºC. Using Fura-2 dye, [Ca 2+ ] i was monitored 40 (F 340 /F 380 ratio) at rest and in response to bolus doses of ACh (20 nmol to 200 µmol). 41 Morphological integrity of EC tubes was preserved at 24 ºC and at 32 ºC. Based upon the Ca 2+ 42 K D ’s we determined for Fura-2 (174 nM at 24 ºC and 146 nM at 32 ºC), resting [Ca 2+ ] i remained 43 stable for 180 min at both 24 and 32 °C (27±4 nM and 34±2 nM, respectively) with peak 44 responses to ACh (20 µmol) increasing from ~220 nM at 24 ºC to ~500 nM at 32 ºC (p<0.05). 45 There was no difference in responses to ACh between EC tubes from males vs. females. When 46 EC tubes were maintained at 37 ºC (typical in vivo temperature), resting [Ca 2+ ] i increased by 47 ~30% within 15 min and gaps formed between individual ECs as they retracted and extruded 48 dye, precluding further study. We conclude that EC tubes enable Ca 2+ signaling to be evaluated 49 in freshly isolated endothelium of murine resistance microvessels. While Ca 2+ responses are 50 enhanced ~2-fold at 32 vs. 24 ºC, the instability of EC tubes at 37 ºC precludes their study at 51 typical body temperature.
HEMATOPOIETIC TOXICITY OF Loranthus europaeus CHLOROFORM EXTRACT: In-vivo STUDY

Methanolic extract of some mistletoe species exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against cultured human tumor cell line in-vitro. However, the genetic toxicity of Loranthus europaeus is not well defined. In this study, chloroform extract of L. europaeus was prepared and used for the investigation of the genotoxic effects of different doses, administered orally, on bone marrow and peripheral blood cells of mice. Results showed that treatment with large dose of the extract decreases the mitotic index and increase chromosomal aberration compared to vehicle treated animals and comparable to that produced by methotrexate. The high dose of the extract also significantly decreases the total and differential WBC count compared to both the lower dose and methotretxate. In conclusion, the chloroform extract of L. europaeus shows pronounced gene toxicity with increasing the dose when administered orally to mice.
Differential effects of contrasting phenotypes of a foundation legume shrub drive plant–plant interactions in a Mediterranean mountain

Questions: Are variable effects of different phenotypes of foundation plant species on subordinates across contrasting habitat conditions (with varying stress and disturbance levels) due to either varying environmental conditions or heritable differences in traits between phenotypes? To evaluate the contribution of environmental effects we quantified the effects of contrasting phenotypes of a foundation legume shrub on their subordinate species across exposure (drought stress) and grazing conditions. Location: A sub-alpine xerophytic community of western Mount Lebanon, Lebanon. Methods: For two phenotypes of the spiny cushion shrub Onobrychis cornuta ,a facilitative phenotype that occurs in concave topographies (mesic soil) and a competitive phenotype that occurs in convex topographies (xeric soil), we quantified cushion traits, environmental conditions and subordinate plant species abundances (within and outside the cushions) for the two phenotypes in northern (low stress) and southern (high stress) exposures, and with and without grazing. Relative interaction index (RII) for subordinate species richness and abundance was calculated in the eight treatment combinations and a correspondence analysis (CA) was conducted on species composition. Results: Drought stress exacerbated phenotypic effects in southern exposure, with loose phenotypes being more facilitative and tight phenotypes more competitive than in northern exposure. This was related to both changes in cushion traits of the two phenotypes and to an increase in the pool of subordinate species sensitive tocushion effects.In contrast, grazing increased cushionpositiveeffects of both phenotypes through the occurrence of indirect facilitation, with loose phenotypes becoming more facilitative and tight phenotypes less competitive. This was due both to changes in cushion traits of the two phenotypes and to their shared spiny phenotype limiting grazing effects. Conclusions: Because increasing stress from northern to southern exposure did not increase competitive effects of either phenotype, and because the cessation of grazing did not cancel out differences in facilitative effects between phenotypes, neither drought stress nor grazing disturbance appeared to be the main drivers of the observed phenotypic effects on subordinate species across habitats. We conclude that differences in phenotypic effects of this legume shrub are very likely due to heritable differences in traits between phenotypes.
Comparison of Salt and Drought‐Stress Effects on Maize Growth and Yield Formation with Regard to Acid Invertase Activity in the Kernels

The long-term effects of salt stress (11 dS m−1) and drought stress (35 % WHC) were investigated for two maize genotypes, focusing on the relation between metabolic changes around the time of pollination and the impact on yield determinants at maturity. The relatively salt-resistant hybrid Pioneer 3906 and the relatively drought-resistant hybrid Fabregas were compared. The experiments were conducted in large plastic containers in a vegetation hall in two consecutive years (2011 and 2012). Plant height and leaf area were significantly reduced under both stress conditions. The transpiration rate was only slightly reduced under drought stress; but under salt stress, a significant reduction occurred 40–53 days after sowing. As a significant increase in sucrose concentrations was observed in the salt-treated maize kernels 2 days after pollination, the availability of assimilates was not limiting and the plants could afford to save water by reduced stomatal opening. Although under both stress conditions the soluble acid invertase activity was reduced 2 days after pollination, concomitantly, an increase in hexose concentrations was observed. Thus, in these experiments, the delivery of hexoses by acid invertase activity did not limit kernel development. Differences in grain yield at maturity between salt and drought stress were most likely caused by salt-specific effects (Na+ toxicity), Fabregas being more affected than Pioneer 3906.
Genetic analysis for seed germination, callus induction and survival of rice under salt at in vitro conditions

The genetics of salt tolerance in rice was investigated both at seed germination and in seed/seedling derived calli using six parents diallel analysis. , excluding reciprocals. Test materials involved tolerant (CSR-5 and CSR-10), moderately tolerant (NDR-501 and SAR-41) and susceptible (IET12860 and IET 11149) genotypes. Rate of germination index (RGI), germination stress index (GSI) at seedling phase, fresh and dry weight (FW and DW) of calli, corresponding survival ratio of callus were studied for their combining ability and gene action. Analyses revealed both additive and non-additive gene effects for most of the traits: the former being more pronounced than later, especially under stress medium: for fresh and dry callus weight and callus survival under controled condition, both additive and non-additive gene effects were equally important. The genotypes like CAR-10, CSR=5 (tolerant) and NDR-501 (moderately tolerant) were found to be the best combiners under both Control (CM) and salt medium (SM). The crosses like CSR-10 x CSR-5, CSR-5 x NDR- 501, NDR-501 x IET 12860 and NDR-501 x IET 11149 exhibited maximum SCA effects for fresh and dry weight of calli in control medium and salt medium and its terminal survival under CM.