Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Zimbabwean men relating to prostate cancer

Background Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death in Zimbabwe. However, screening for prostate cancer is opportunistic as population-based screening is not available. Objectives This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of men living in Harare, Zimbabwe relating to prostate cancer. Method A door-to-door survey took place in Mufakose, Harare. Each household was included, and men, 40 years and older, were convenience sampled until realisation of the calculated sample size of 269 (n = 269). A researcher-administered questionnaire collected the data, analysis was performed with descriptive statistics, and Chi-square tested statistically significant differences between the variables. Results The majority of the sample (53.2; n = 143) was between 40 years old and 49 years old. Most (74.5%; n = 201) did not know what prostate cancer was, but the total sample (100%; n = 269) indicated that prostate cancer could lead to death. Only 50.6% (n = 136) were of the opinion that men should be screened; most (87.7%; n = 236) had never been screened. A Chi-square test of independence found a statistically significant difference between educational level and having had prostate cancer screening, χ2 (1) = 47.881, p < 0.000. Conclusion As confirmed by other studies, the respondents had limited knowledge of prostate cancer, but had a positive attitude towards the disease, as most were willing to go for screening. There had been only a small percentage screened previously, and less than half returned to learn the results. Contribution The study emphasises the role of primary health clinics as it could be an ideal setting to teach men about prostate cancer and its screening, and provide screening services in Zimbabwe.
Diurnal Variation in Urban Heat Island Intensity in Birmingham: The Relationship between Nocturnal Surface and Canopy Heat Islands

Urban heat islands have garnered significant attention due to their potential impact on human life. Previous studies on urban heat islands have focused on characterizing temporal and spatial variations over longer periods of time. In this study, we investigated the urban heat island (UHI) in Birmingham from September 2013 to August 2014 using higher temporal resolution SEVIRI satellite surface temperature data along with data from the Birmingham Urban Climate Laboratory (BUCL) meteorological station and the UK Meteorological Office meteorological station. Our aim was to characterize the diurnal variations in the surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) and canopy urban heat island intensity (CUHII) and to explore their relationship under the influence of three factors (day/nighttime, season, and wind speed) using regression analysis. Our findings reveal that SUHII and CUHII exhibit relatively stable patterns at night but vary significantly during the day with opposite diurnal trends. In addition, SUHII and CUHII were more variable in spring and summer but less variable in winter. During the nighttime, SUHII represents CUHII with high confidence, especially during spring and summer, but less so during the cold season. In addition, SUHII represents CUHII with greater confidence under low-wind conditions. This study deepens our understanding of the diurnal dynamics of urban heat islands and the influence of atmospheric conditions on the relationship between surface and canopy heat islands in urban areas. The results of this study can be used for heat island studies in cities that lack high-precision observation networks and to guide sustainable urban development.
Mass versus count. Pronominal gender in regional varieties of Germanic languages

This article explores systems of pronominal gender, and partly also gender systems in general, across several regional varieties of Germanic languages, where the semantic basis underlying the distribution of animate (masculine, feminine) and inanimate neuter pronouns (gender) corresponds to the well known categorization of nomináis in mass versus count (the hammer he versus the milk it). Such systems are attested in regional varieties of English, Danish, Dutch, Frisian and German. It will be argued that the existence of such systems and their relationship to the systems of pronominal gender found in the standard varieties can be understood and explained against the background of the scale or hierarchy of individuation. A brief cross-linguistic survey complements the discussion of Germanic dialects.
Iceland: How Could this Happen?

This paper reviews economic developments in Iceland following its financial collapse in 2008, focusing on causes and consequences of the crash. The review is presented in the context of the Nordic region, with broad comparisons also with developments elsewhere on the periphery of Europe, in Greece, Ireland, and Portugal. In some ways, however, Iceland resembles Italy, Japan, and Russia more than it resembles its Nordic neighbors or even Ireland. The paper also considers the uncertain prospects for reforms and restoration as well as the possible effects of the crash on social, human, and real capital and on long-run economic growth.
Foreign language enjoyment and foreign language classroom anxiety among Chinese learners of German

This study examines both the foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and the foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) of 201 Chinese university students of non-German majors who were learning the German language. A questionnaire based on the FLE scale and the FLCA scale was employed to examine the participants’ classroom emotions as well as other learner- and teacher-related variables. Participants reported a higher level of FLE than FLCA, with these two emotions being negatively correlated. Also, regression analysis showed that FLE can be strongly predicted by teacher-related variables, while FLCA is predicted by learner-related variables. Moreover, qualitative analysis of the open-ended questions in the questionnaire showed that learners’ FLE in the German classroom was boosted by their sense of achievement in learning a new language and frequent interaction between the participants and their teachers and classmates. At the same time, the relatively high demands of German language learning and frequent exams resulted in higher FLCA. The findings suggest that teachers could organize diverse classroom activities and integrate more culture-related content to enhance their students’ FLE. Meanwhile, they could also adopt more flexible methods of assessment and provide clearer instructions thereon to help students to be more prepared, thereby ameliorating their FLCA. FUNDING INFORMATION. This study was supported by the National Social Science Fund of China (Grant No. 19WZXB011) and the Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 22YJC740047).
Shelf fronts and tidal stirring in greater cook strait, new-zealand

RÉSUMÉ M. J. Bowman •, A. C. Kibblewhite b, S. M. Chiswell •, R. A. Murtagh a a Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA. b Physics Department, University of Auckland, New Zealand. Received 9/8/82, in revised forrn 15/11/82, accepted 3/12/82. Numerical tidal simulations and hydrographie data from two austral summer (January 1980 and 1981) cruises were used to study tidal mixing variations, upwelling and circulation in the shelf seas of central New Zealand. Four classes of fronts were identified; the Cape Farewell upwelling front, two tidal mixing fronts spanning Cook Strait, a plume front bounding an intrusion of subtropical water driven into Cook Strait from the northwestern approaches, and a shelf break front east of Cook Strait. Bulk stratification correlated well with the hfu stratification index (r,.,0.6); potential energy deficit and surface to bottom temperature differences less well (r"'. 53 and. 38, respectively); potential energy deficit showed sorne tendency to follow the bathymetry. A critlcal value of the stratification index s"' 1. 5 (c.g.s. units) appeared to separate mixed from stratified water at the tidal mixing fronts, in good agreement with results obtained in other semi-enclosed shelf seas in temperate latitudes. The data suggest that prevailing patterns of stratification can be considerably modified by the variable and often strong winds that frequent the region. Oceanol. Acta, 1983, 6, 2, 119-129. Mélanges par la marée et fronts hydrologiques sur le plateau continental du détroit de Cook, Nouvelle-Zélande. Des simulations numériques de la marée et les données hydrologiques recueillies lors de deux campagnes de l'été austral Uanvier 1980 et 1981), ont été utilisées pour étudier les variations du brassage par la marée, le phénomène d'upwelling et la circulation dans les mers du plateau continental du centre de la Nouvelle-Zélande. Quatre types de fronts ont été mis en évidence : le front de l'upwelling du Cap Farewell, deux fronts transversaux dans le détroit de Cook associés au mélange par la marée, un front en panache limitant une intrusion d'eau subtropicale en provenance du Nord-Ouest, et un front au bord du plateau continental à l'est du détroit de Cook. Le gradient vertical moyen de densité est bien corrélé avec l'indice de stratification (hju 3), ce qui n'est pas le cas du déficit en énergie potentielle et de l'écart de température entre la surface et le fond. Le déficit en énergie potentielle tend à suivre la bathymétrie. Aux fronts de mélange par la marée, la séparation entre les eaux bien mélangées et les eaux stratifiées correspond à des valeurs critiques de l'indice de stratification s-1,5 (unités c.g.s.). Cette valeur de l'indices est en bon accord avec les résultats obtenus pour d'autres mers semi-fermées à des latitudes tempérées. Les résultats suggèrent que les traits généraux de la stratification peuvent être facilement modifiés par les vents variables et souvent violents de cette région. Oceanol. Acta, 1983, 6, 2, 119-129. 0399-1784/1983/119/S 5.00/ «:>Gauthier-Villars 119
A longitudinal study of incident hypertension and its determinants in Indian adults aged 45 years and older: evidence from nationally representative WHO-SAGE study (2007–2015)

Objectives Hypertension (HT) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of HT among adults aged 45 years and older in India and its associated risk factors. Methods This study used longitudinal data from the Indian sample of the first and second waves of the World Health Organization Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (WHO-SAGE). A bivariate analysis using Pearson's chi-square test was done to examine the associations of individual, lifestyle, and household characteristics with HT status reported in Wave 2. Incident HT changes were analyzed by adjusting for various covariates in the generalized estimating equation (logit link function) with an exchangeable correlation matrix and robust standard errors. Results The study found that during the 8-year period from 2007 to 2015, the incidence of HT in individuals aged 45 years and over was 20.8%. Pre-hypertensive individuals had an overall incidence rate of 31.1 per 1,000 [95% confidence interval (CI): 26.20–35.9] and a 2.24 times higher odds ratio: 2.24 (95% CI: 1.65–3.03) of developing incident HT compared to those who were normotensive. Adults aged 45 years and older, overweight/obese individuals, and women were more at risk of incident HT. Conclusion One in five individuals had developed HT over 8 years, with a greater risk of incident HT among women than men. Pre-hypertensive individuals were at a greater risk of developing incident HT compared to normotensive individuals. The study recommends comprehensive and effective management of pre-HT to tackle the burden of HT.
The Correlations Between Clinical Characteristics and Inflammation Markers with Chest X-rays in COVID-19 Patients at Ulin Hospital

Background: Chest x-ray is one of the parameters used to estimate the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), and respiratory index (PaO­/FiO2) can also predict the disease severity. Other parameters, like inflammation markers, have also been used as predictors for prognosis. Based on those considerations, this study aimed to examine their connection and find their correlation.Methods: This was an analytic observational retrospective study. The samples were moderate-critical COVID-19 patients in Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin from July to December 2021 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical tests were used to see the relationship between clinical characteristics and inflammation markers with chest X-rays using various scoring systems (Brixia, sRALE, and modified Soetomo score). Results: The total number of subjects was 67. The data analysis found that the severity of the disease had a significant relationship with the severity of the chest x-ray (P<0.001). The PF ratio also had a significant negative correlation (P<0.001) with the severity of the chest x-ray. For inflammation markers, NLR, CRP, and LDH significantly correlated with a chest x-ray. The patient's outcome was also associated with a chest X-ray (P<0.015). Conclusion: There were significant correlations between clinical characteristics and inflammation markers on the chest X-ray severity, and sRALE was a better scoring system to assess chest X-ray severity than other scoring systems.
Measurements of the elastic and anelastic properties of sandstone flooded with supercritical CO2

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) injection on the elastic and anelastic properties of sandstone at seismic and ultrasonic frequencies. We present the results of the low‐frequency and ultrasonic experiments conducted on water‐saturated sandstone (Donnybrook, Western Australia) flooded with scCO2. The sandstone was cut in the direction perpendicular to a formation bedding plane and tested in a Hoek triaxial pressure cell. During the experiments with scCO2, the low‐frequency and ultrasonic systems and the pump dispensing scCO2 were held at a temperature of 42°C. The elastic parameters obtained for the sandstone with scCO2 at seismic (0.1 Hz–100 Hz) and ultrasonic (∼0.5 MHz) frequencies are very close to those for the dry rock. The extensional attenuation was also measured at seismic frequencies for the dry, water‐saturated, and scCO2‐injected sandstones. The applicability of Gassmann's fluid substitution theory to obtained results was also tested during the experiments.
Tiny Object Tracking With Proposal Position Enhancement

Tiny object tracking is challenging due to the target's weak appearance and features. The current state-of-the-art approach for this task uses probabilistic regression based on discriminative correlation filters (DCF) to predict regression scores. However, the probabilistic regression equally relies on the position and size of the proposal box. In this letter, we point out that the position is of greater importance relative to the size when regressing the tiny object. To this end, we introduce the receptive field distance to define the quality of the proposal box, which places more emphasis on the position. By incorporating quality as an additional important factor for Monte Carlo sampling, the number of high quality proposals can be effectively increased, leading to regression optimization. Moreover, we propose a network to generate quality scores for proposals. The combination of probability and quality scores serves as a selection criterion for the optimal proposal, and can boost the tiny object tracking performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Discourses of Digitalisation and the Positioning of Workers in Primary Care: A Norwegian Case Study

Primary health services are subjected to intensified digitalisation to transform care provision. Various smart and assistive technologies are introduced to support the growing elderly population and enhance the opportunities for independent living among patients in need of continuous care. Research has shown how such digitalisation processes evolve at the intersection of different and often competing discourses, oriented towards service efficiency, cost containment, technological innovation, client‐centred care, and digital competence development. Often, increased technology use is presented as a solution to pressing problems. However, how discourses are negotiated in work contexts and their mechanisms of social inclusion/exclusion in evolving work practices have received less attention. This article examines how care workers in the primary health sector are discursively positioned when care technologies are introduced in the services. We employ a perspective on discourses and subject positions in analysing strategic documents and interviews with care workers in a large Norwegian city. We show how managerial discourses that focus narrowly on the implementation and mastery of single technologies provide limited spaces for workers to exert influence on their work situations, while discourses that emphasise professional knowledge or broader technological and organisational aspects provide a variety of resources for workers’ agency. The way care workers adopt and negotiate subject positions varies based on their tasks and responsibilities in the organisation. We discuss the need to move beyond “solutionism” in efforts to digitalise care work in order to provide inclusive spaces supporting the contributions of various worker groups.
Genetic Concordance in Primary Cutaneous Melanoma and Matched Metastasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Studying primary melanoma and its corresponding metastasis has twofold benefits. Firstly, to better understand tumor biology, and secondly, to determine which sample should be examined in assessing drug targets. This study systematically analyzed all the literature on primary melanoma and its matched metastasis. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched multiple medical databases for relevant publications from January 2000 to December 2022, assessed the quality of the primary-level studies using the QUIPS tool, and summarized the concordance rate of the most reported genes using the random-effects model. Finally, we evaluated the inter-study heterogeneity using the subgroup analysis. Thirty-one studies investigated the concordance of BRAF and NRAS in 1220 and 629 patients, respectively. The pooled concordance rate was 89.4% [95% CI: 84.5; 93.5] for BRAF and 97.8% [95% CI: 95.8; 99.4] for NRAS. When high-quality studies were considered, only BRAF mutation status consistency increased. Five studies reported the concordance status of c-KIT (93%, 44 patients) and TERT promoter (64%, 53 patients). Lastly, three studies analyzed the concordance of cancer genes involved in the signaling pathways, apoptosis, and proliferation, such as CDKN2A (25%, four patients), TP53 (44%, nine patients), and PIK3CA (20%, five patients). Our study found that the concordance of known drug targets (mainly BRAF) during melanoma progression is higher than in previous meta-analyses, likely due to advances in molecular techniques. Furthermore, significant heterogeneity exists in the genes involved in the melanoma genetic makeup; although our results are based on small patient samples, more research is necessary for validation.
STAT2 Controls Colorectal Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Anti-Cancer Drugs

Simple Summary Despite recent improvements in survival rates, colorectal cancer is still responsible for millions of premature deaths worldwide. A better understanding of the steps that lead from chronic inflammation to cancer progression could offer new therapeutic options and save many lives. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) in colorectal cancer by taking advantage of experimental mouse models and three-dimensional tumoroids. Our results indicate that STAT2 promotes colorectal cancer by various mechanisms and that anti-cancer drugs could easily kill tumor cells lacking STAT2. It is conceivable that future therapeutic strategies for colorectal cancer might try to mitigate the actions of STAT2 to improve the treatment outcome in affected patients. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant socioeconomic burden in modern society and is accountable for millions of premature deaths each year. The role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2)-dependent signaling in this context is not yet fully understood, and no therapies targeting this pathway are currently being pursued. We investigated the role of STAT2 in CRC using experimental mouse models coupled with RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) data and functional assays with anti-cancer agents in three-dimensional tumoroids. Stat2−/− mice showed greater resistance to the development of CRC in both inflammation-driven and inflammation-independent experimental CRC models. In ex vivo studies, tumoroids derived from Stat2−/− mice with the multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mutant allele of the adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) locus exhibited delayed growth, were overall smaller and more differentiated as compared with tumoroids from ApcMin/+ wildtype (WT) mice. Notably, tumoroids from ApcMin/+ Stat2−/− mice were more susceptible to anti-cancer agents inducing cell death by different mechanisms. Our findings clearly indicated that STAT2 promotes CRC and suggested that interventions targeting STAT2-dependent signals might become an attractive therapeutic option for patients with CRC.
Artificial intelligence-driven systems engineering for next-generation plant-derived biopharmaceuticals

Recombinant biopharmaceuticals including antigens, antibodies, hormones, cytokines, single-chain variable fragments, and peptides have been used as vaccines, diagnostics and therapeutics. Plant molecular pharming is a robust platform that uses plants as an expression system to produce simple and complex recombinant biopharmaceuticals on a large scale. Plant system has several advantages over other host systems such as humanized expression, glycosylation, scalability, reduced risk of human or animal pathogenic contaminants, rapid and cost-effective production. Despite many advantages, the expression of recombinant proteins in plant system is hindered by some factors such as non-human post-translational modifications, protein misfolding, conformation changes and instability. Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a vital role in various fields of biotechnology and in the aspect of plant molecular pharming, a significant increase in yield and stability can be achieved with the intervention of AI-based multi-approach to overcome the hindrance factors. Current limitations of plant-based recombinant biopharmaceutical production can be circumvented with the aid of synthetic biology tools and AI algorithms in plant-based glycan engineering for protein folding, stability, viability, catalytic activity and organelle targeting. The AI models, including but not limited to, neural network, support vector machines, linear regression, Gaussian process and regressor ensemble, work by predicting the training and experimental data sets to design and validate the protein structures thereby optimizing properties such as thermostability, catalytic activity, antibody affinity, and protein folding. This review focuses on, integrating systems engineering approaches and AI-based machine learning and deep learning algorithms in protein engineering and host engineering to augment protein production in plant systems to meet the ever-expanding therapeutics market.