Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinant Factors in the Effective Leadership of Secondary Schools: The Diminishing Trust Culture by Educators

The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinant factors in the effective leadership of secondary schools in Uganda. Factor Analysis was employed to appropriately identify variables for inclusion in subsequent analytical procedures. The use of an eigenvalue cut-off point of 1.0, as suggested by Kaiser, resulted in four factors which were then rotated using varimax rotation before the use of correlation and regression analyses to determine their significance. Factor analysis results revealed that there are four significant factors that determine effective leadership of secondary schools in Uganda. Further subsequent analysis then indicated that only three of the factors significantly determine effective leadership in schools which are; (i) the head teacher’s ability to acquire instructional materials [β = . 246, t = 2.902, p < 0.004]; (ii) their ability to supervise and manage the school [β = . 175, t = 2.111, p < 0.037]; and (iii) their influence over teaching and student assessment [β = . 544, t = 8.872, p < 0.0001]. The study documents the factors that have been empirically identified as key to the effective leadership of secondary schools in Uganda and therefore closes the gap on what should practically be done by stakeholders and especially educators to effectively lead schools and produce results. Keywords: Leadership Effectiveness, Trust Culture, Trust Gap, Teaching DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-33-10 Publication date: November 30 th 2020
Salicylate stimulates the degradation of high-molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas saccharophila P15

Pseudomonas saccharophila P15 was isolated from soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and previously was reported to degrade a variety of low- and high-molecular weight PAH. Strain P15 grows on phenanthrene by a known pathway in which salicylate is an intermediate. Preincubation with phenanthrene and downstream intermediates through salicylate stimulated PAH dioxygenase activity and initial rates of phenanthrene removal, suggesting that salicylate is the inducer of these activities. Salicylate also greatly enhanced initial rates of removal of fluoranthene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, and benzo[a]pyrene, high-molecular weight substrates that strain P15 does not use for growth.The specific rate of removal of benzo[a]pyrene was at least 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of the four-ring compounds and nearly 5 orders of magnitude lower than that of phenanthrene. The mineralization of phenanthrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, and benzo[a]pyrene was stimulated by preincubation with phenanthrene or salicylate, although significant mineralization of phenanthrene, benz[a]anthracene, and chrysene occurred in uninduced cultures. Further experiments with chrysene indicated that chrysene does not appear to induce its own mineralization. The results suggest that P. saccharophila P15 expresses a low level of constitutive PAH metabolism which is inducible to much higher levels and that high-molecular weight PAH metabolism by this organismmore » is induced by the low-molecular weight substrate phenanthrene and by salicylate. « less
Laboratory and Field Scale Evaluation of Geochemical Controls on Groundwater Transport of Nitroaromatic Ammunition Residues

Sorption to soils and sediments of nitroaromatic explosives may be due to interactions with natural organic matter (NOM) or complex formation with clays, which strongly depends on the type of exchangeable cations, i.e., the base saturation of the clays. We examined the relative importance of these two processes for NAC sorption at aquifer material and evaluated the potential of decreasing or enhancing the mobility of NACs in contaminated aquifers by stimulated cation exchange. Generally, sorption on NOM of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and related nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) was low compared to sorption at clays, and no evidence for specific interactions with NOM was found. Adsorbed NOM hardly affected the complex formation of NACs with clays. NAC sorption at pure clays and at aquifer material depended on the K+-saturation of these materials. Typical aquifer material containing ≤1% NOM and 3−5% clays exhibited similar sorption features than pure clay minerals, suggesting that NAC sorption to the bulk aqu.
The sensory profile and consumer preference for ten speciality cheeses

The sensory characteristics that determined consumer preference for 10 speciality cheeses were investigated. These cheeses were chosen to reflect a wide range of speciality cheeses now available on the Irish market offering a diverse range of sensory characteristics. Descriptive analysis was carried out by 15 trained assessors who used a vocabulary of 47 terms to quantitatively describe cheese appearance, odour, flavour and texture. Analysis of variance found significant differences between cheeses (p <.05) on the first seven principle components (which accounted for 85% of the explained variation) obtained from Principal Components Analysis of the sensory data. A total of 198 consumers related their preferences for the cheeses on a nine point hedonie scale. Internal preference mapping illustrated individual consumers' preferences for the cheeses. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the sampled consumer population was heterogeneous by identifying seven clusters of consumers with different preferences and demonstrated that there exists cr market for the sensory characteristics of each of the cheeses. Partial Least Squares regression was carried out to relate the sensory character of the cheeses with consumer preference scores. Gruyere, the preferred cheese of three clusters of consumers (and the most preferred cheese overall), was distinguished by a ‘fruity’ odour, a ‘balanced’ and ‘sweet’ flavour and a ‘firmness’ texture. Blue Shropshire, the preferred cheese of two clusters of consumers (hut the least liked cheese overall) was characterized by a ‘mouldy’ odour, an ’acidic’, ‘astringent’ and ‘mouldy’ flavour and cr ‘crumbly’ texture. Finally, socioeconomic data were obtained from a consumer questionnaire. These data pointed to some interesting relationships between socioeconomic variables and consumer preferences.
Carbon Dynamics of Surface Residue– and Root‐derived Organic Matter under Simulated No‐till

No-till practices have the potential to increase soil organic C, but little is known about the relative contribution of surface residue and roots to soil organic C accumulation. In a simulated no-till experiment, we studied the fate of 14 C-labeled surface residue and in situ roots during a 1-yr incubation. Soil samples collected during the incubation were chemically dispersed and separated into five particle size and density fractions. The organic C, 14 C, and total N content of each fraction was determined. Alkali traps were used to measure 14 C losses due to respiration. After 360 d, 66% of the 14 C contained in the surface residue on Day 0 had been respired as 14 CO 2 , 11% remained in residue on the soil surface, and 16% was in the soil. In comparison, 56% of the root-derived 14 C in the soil was evolved as 14 CO 2 and 42% remained in the soil. The large (500-2000 μm) and small (53-500 μm) particulate organic matter (POM) fractions together contained 11 to 16% of the initial root-derived 14 C in the soil. In contrast, POM contained only 1 to 3% of the inital surface residue-derived 14 C. These data show dear differences in the partitioning of surface residue- and root-derived C during decomposition and imply that the beneficial effects of no-till on soil organic C accrual are primarily due to the increased retention of root-derived C in the soil.
Do Prime Brokers Intermediate Capital?

In this paper, I show that prime brokers play an important role in intermediating capital to hedge funds. Specifically, I document that a fund's performance, relative to peers that share the same prime broker, is a first-order determinant of fund flows. I decompose the standard performance-flow relationship into two components: (1) flows that respond to overall rank, and (2) flows that respond to relative (within prime broker) rank. Strong relative rank drives fund in-flows, while poor overall rank drives out-flows. These results suggest that prime brokers intermediate about 40% of the standard performance-flow relationship.
The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Dysfunctional Attitudes Toward Mate Selection and Emotional Adjustment in Female Students

Introduction: Emotional adjustment and people's attitudes about spouse selection are essential factors that can make a marriage successful or failed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on dysfunctional attitudes toward mate selection and emotional adjustment in female students. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with a control group. Thirty female students were assigned into two experimental and control groups (n = 15 in each group). The experimental group received eight sessions of 90 minutes under schema therapy interventions. For data collection, Attitudes about Romance and Mate Selection Scale (ARMSS) and Emotional Adjustment Measure (EAM) were used. Data were analyzed using an analysis covariance test. Results: Results of covariance analysis showed a significant improvement in the number of dysfunctional attitudes toward the mate selection (P < 0.01) and emotional adjustment (P < 0.01) at the post-test. It can be stated that there are significant changes between the experimental and control groups in the Posttest. Conclusions: Findings showed that schema therapy improves dysfunctional attitudes toward mate selection and emotional adjustment in female students. These interventions can be used to increase people's preparation to start a marriage and to develop useful attitudes and expectations.
Sludge production and oxygen demand in nutrient removal activated sludge systems

Results of model simulations indicate that without the assumption of COD loss, predictions of oxygen consumption and volatile suspended solids production are significantly over-estimated for biological excess phosphorus removal (BEPR) activated sludge systems (and to a lesser extent anoxic-aerobic systems). These systems apparently consume less oxygen and produce less volatile solids than aerobic systems for the same amount of COD removal. A general model for biological nutrient removal systems has recently been presented by Barker and Dold. Three mechanisms for COD loss are suggested, based on results of COD balances for different types of activated sludge system. Model simulation results with and without the assumption of COD loss are discussed, as well as the influence of influent COD composition on predictions of volatile suspended solids concentration/production and oxygen consumption.
Synthesis and Structure of N-Ethoxycarbonyl-N′-O-Methoxyphenylthiourea

N-ethoxycarbonyl-N′-o-methoxyphenylthiourea was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, TG-DTA analysis, IR, and 1H NMR spectrum, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound crystallizes as a planar molecule in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, with a = 9.690(2)Å, b = 8.595(2)Å, c = 15.944(4)Å, α = 90°, β = 106.467(4)°, γ = 90°, and Dcalc = 1.326 g/cm3 for Z = 4. Intramolecular H-bonds promote the stability of the title compound and change the coordination ability of the thiourea ligand. Intermolecular N─H…S H-bonds link pairs of two molecules.
Diminishing Effectiveness of Happiness Interventions: Positive Psychology Stumbles on the Dodo Verdict

Some positive psychologists claim that quantitative research leads to the most effective interventions for the intentional pursuit of happiness. A similar claim made in psychotherapy research resulted in failure; fifty years of experimental research has not improved psychotherapy outcomes. In this essay it is argued that the explosion in happiness studies of the last twenty years did has not improved effect sizes of happiness interventions. The supposed epistemological superiority of positive psychologists has not produced more effective happiness advice. This should not be taken as an encouragement to throw the baby out with the bathwater. If we follow current reasoning in psychotherapy research, we can conclude that positive psychological research can correct misguided or counterproductive happiness advice, but will not offer definitive answers. The individuals making his their own choices on the basis of a personal life philosophy count. A further conclusion is that happiness interventions should not just be about acquiring skills to correct the affective system in our brains, so that we are able to overcome our negativity bias or hedonic adaptation. Intervention should also be about following our emotional action tendencies; promoting doing to do more of what feels right to us and avoiding what causes pain.
Soluble organic carbon in a biosolids-amended mollisol

Organic matter can be mobilized from many sources and transported in soil by precipitation, snowmelt, and water table fluctuations. Knowledge of the potential fluxes of soluble organic C in different kinds of soil is essential to improve global C budgets. We characterized the soluble and suspendable organic matter in a biosolids-amended fine, smectitic, mesic Cumulic Vertic Endoaquoll under two vegetation treatments: switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and cottonwood-poplar hybrid (Populus × euramericana-clone NC-5326). Soil organic C (OC) that was dispersed in 0.1 mM CaCl 2 was fractionated according to molecular weight and polarity using dialysis membranes and XAD-8 resin chromatography. Under both types of vegetation, addition of biosolids increased the amount of soluble OC (SOC) in the soil, particularly under switchgrass. Biosolids application shifted the molecular-weight distribution of SOC to lower weights (<14 000 Da). The concentrations of hydrophilic OC fractions exceeded those of hydrophobic OC in all treatments, although biosolids application increased the levels of both fractions. As the rate of biosolids addition increased, the 0 to 5 cm zone yielded smaller concentrations of extractable colloidal organic compounds than the 5 to 25 cm zone, and we attributed this to the high amounts of soluble salts introduced by biosolids application. A sequential extraction experiment showed that large amounts of colloidal organic compounds could be mobilized from the soil only after removal of the soluble salts. Our results suggest that biosolids amendments could increase the mobilization of hydrophilic, low-molecular-weight compounds in a soil while at the same time limiting the mobility of organic colloids.
Corrosion inhibition of aluminum alloy in H3PO4 solution using para-thiazolidinone derivatives

The influence of p-thiazolidinone derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for aluminum alloy in 3 MH3PO4 solution has been studied by weight-loss and galvanostatic polarization techniques. A significant decrease in the corrosion rate of aluminum was observed in the presence of these investigated inhibitors. The inhibition efficiency of these derivatives increases with increasing the inhibitor concentration but decreases with increasing temperature. The inhibition efficiency values of the examined derivates follow the order: 5(-4-methoxyphenylazo)-3-phenylamino2-thioxo-4 thiazolidinone (e) > 5(-4-methylphenylazo)-3-phenylamino-2-thioxo-4thiazolidinone (d) > 5(-4-hydrophenylazo)-3-phenylamino-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone (c)> 5(-4-chlorophenylazo)3-phenylamino-2-thioxo-4thiazolidinone (b) > 5(-4-nitrophenylazo)-3-phenylamino-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone (a). The galvanostatic polarization studies revealed that these compounds behave as mixed-type inhibitors. The effect of temperature on corrosion inhibition has been .
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CONTINUOUS DRYING OF GRAINS IN A SPOUTED BED DRYER

ABSTRACT A mathematical model for a continuous spouted bed dryer has been presented to predict moisture content, air and grain temperatures as well as energy consumption. To better understand the interactive influence of processes in each region of the spouted bed, solution schemes for the spout and downcomer were treated separately. The behavior of dryer was investigated experimentally and found that the dryer behaved differently from an ideal plug flow. The drying rate as simulated by the model is almost constant during grain movement in the dryer. Absence of airflow in the downcomer leads to a tempering process that takes place in the downcomer while intense heat and mass transfer occurs mainly in the spout due to the high airflow rate there. Furthermore, by considering the predicted grain temperature history as one of the indicators of product quality, one can, in principle, design appropriate successive processes in a continuous spouted bed dryer to minimize product damage.
Exploring Psychological Therapists’ Experiences of Working With Clients Who Perceive Themselves as Living in Poverty: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

This study seeks to understand how therapists experience their work with clients who selfrefer as living in poverty. Poverty is very rarely highlighted within counselling psychology publications and very little empirical research exists relating to how therapists understand this phenomenon. The under researched nature of poverty is surprising given this issue is becoming a topic of current debates alongside a rise in the number of individuals living in poverty and self-referring for therapy. The present study highlights a range of difficulties that therapists may face whilst working with clients living in poverty, how these difficulties may affect the work and how such difficulties are managed. The aim of these findings is to increase current knowledge about what is possible within the world of therapy and to raise awareness from which practitioners, students, training institutions and policy makers could become more informed. Eight psychotherapists took part in semi-structured interviews and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used in analysing the data. The results elicited three superordinate themes: the first, “Resilience in the struggle to engage with therapeutic work”, the second theme involved “Struggling to promote social activism” and thirdly, “Navigating multiple challenges and barriers’. The findings are examined in light of how they illuminate and diverge from various aspects of poverty-related literature and research. Suggestions are made for training, supervision, and practice, and for future research relating to poverty and mental health.
BEHAVIOR STUDY OF SOME COMMERCIAL NONIONIC COMPOUNDS IN COMPARISON WITH ANIONIC SURFACTANT

The surface tension of aqueous surfactant solutions was measured as a function of temperature at various bulk concentrations for homogeneous series of polyoxyethylene (n) cotton seed fatty acid [Co(EO)n] (where n = 20, 40, and 80 units) as nonionic surfactants and the anionic sodium oleic sulfonate (SOS). The critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface density ΓH, and thermodynamic quantity changes associated with the adsorption and micellization were deduced. CMC values were influenced by both hydrophilic chain length and temperature. It has been found that the trend of ΓH of the tested nonionic samples resembles that of the anionic SOS due to their huge polar head groups. values of the tested nonionic surfactants are lower than that of the anionic surfactant due to the dehydration of the EO chains of the former in addition to the electrostatic repulsion acting between the head groups of the latter. possesses lower values than due to the crowding of the hydrocarbon chains acting inside the micelle. The variations of surface tension with temperature as well as entropy with concentration show the probability of nonionic surfactants (with long EO chains) behaving the same as ionic surfactants.
Click Chemistry and Radical Polymerization : Potential Loss of Orthogonality

The noncatalyzed cycloaddition of azides with electron-poor olefins was investigated in conditions mimicking those of living radical polymerization. The pathway of this reaction was investigated, and model reactions were designed to study this reaction with various types of monomers (N-isopropylacrylamide, dimethylacrylamide, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and styrene). We found that the azide undergoes 1,3-cycloaddition with the double bond of these monomers, in the absence of catalyst, at high temperatures (60 °C) and for long reaction times. This side reaction can be of dramatic significance as it impairs the orthogonality of copper-catalyzed azide−alkyne cycloaddition (“click chemistry”); short polymerization time and low temperatures should be targeted to limit these side reactions.
Effects of Phosphatic Biofertilizer with Inorganic and Organic Sources of Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Lentil

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of phosphatic biofertilizer with inorganic or organic sources of P on lentil ( Lens culinaris Medikus ) (var. Binamasur 2), Phosphatic biofertilizer (PB). All the fertilizers and cowdung were applied on the basis of soil test values and Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS). Mixed cultures of two phosphate solubilizing bacteria were used as phosphatic biofertilizer (PB). PB was applied as liquid form with lentil seeds before sowing. Phosphatic biofertilizer with inorganic or organic sources of P influenced the growth and yield attributes and yields of lentil at both the locations. Phosphatic biofertilizer with 50% P from TSP gave the highest seed and stover yields as well as total P uptake by lentil compared to the 100% P from TSP. The results revealed that 50% inorganic or organic sources of P can be saved by the integrated using of phosphatic biofertilizer for the lentil cultivation in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2. 14819 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 225-230 2012
Lignans and Lipophilic Extractives in Norway Spruce Knots and Stemwood

Summary The hydrophilic and lipophilic extractives in the heartwood of knots from 7 Norway spruce trees were analysed by GC, GC-MS and HPSEC. The knots contained extremely large amounts of lignans, 6–24% (w/w), with hydroxymatairesinol comprising 65–85% of the lignans. Even the knots of the young trees contained 4–8% (w/w) of lignans. The variation in the amount of lignans was large among knots, both within a single tree and between trees. In addition to the lignans, knots also contained 2–6% (w/w) of a complex mixture of lignan-like compounds with 3, 4 and even up to 6 phenyl propane units, here called oligolignans. The amounts of lignans in the knots were similar in the radial direction from the pith into the outer branch, but decreased dramatically outwards in the branch, almost disappearing after 10–20 cm. The ratio of the 2 epimers of hydroxymatairesinol differed between different knots and even within the knot. A new spruce lignan, nortrachelogenin, or its enantiomer, wikstromol, was detected in knots from trees in northern Finland as opposed to samples from southern Finland. The amount of lipophilic extractives was small compared to the amount of hydrophilic extractives in the knots. Five of the dead knots contained more resin acids and free diterpenyl alcohols than ordinary stemwood. In the other knots, the amount of lipophilic extractives was on the same level as stem heartwood. The stem sapwood contained larger amounts of esterified fatty acids than the knots.