Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of fungi on tissues of Livistona chinensis

Ninety-one species of saprobic fungi were identified from decaying leaves and petioles of Livistona chinensis. Leaves of L. chinensis were dominated by two species of Pseudospiropes during the first month, and subsequently by Lachnum palmae and Zygosporium echinosporum. Appendicospora hongkongensis and Oxydothis elaeicola dominated on petiole tips, midpetioles and petiole bases of the palm. The frequency of occurrence and the relative abundance of the latter two species increased during the first 4 months. Astrosphaerie/la bakariana dominated the petiole tips and mid-petioles after 10 months of decay. Fungi with sporadic dominance include Cocoicola livistonicola and Verticillium cf. dahliae on petiole tips, and Oxydothis obducens on mid-petioles and petiole bases. A correspondence analysis performed for fungi occurring on different tissue types revealed distinct clusters, corresponding to leaves and petiole parts. The high percentage of fungal taxa confined to the leaves or petiole parts indicated that saprobic palmicolous fungi exhibit tissue specificity.
The Role of the Parkinson’s Disease associated Protein DJ-1 in the Development of Diet-induced Obesity in Mice

DJ-1 is a multifunctional, stress-responsive protein. Mutations in the DJ-1 gene are associated with inherited forms of Parkinson’s disease. In our studies, DJ-1 emerged as a candidate protein from a proteome analysis investigating alterations in the hypothalamus in response to a short-term high-fat diet intervention. Validation experiments showed that high-fat feeding influences post-translational modifications of DJ-1 and that the loss of Dj-1 accelerates the development of diet-induced obesity in mice.
Influence of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield, Quality and Nutrient Status of Drilled rabi fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of integrated nutrient management practices on yield, quality and nutrient status of drilled rabi fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) during the year 2016-17 at College Agronomy Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. Twelve treatment combinations comprising of various integrated nutrient management practices were tested in randomized block design with four replications in sandy loam type of soil having slightly alkaline pH, low organic carbon and available nitrogen content, medium available phosphorus and high available potassium status. Results shown that treatment with 100 % N from vermi compost + bio NPK @ 1 lit ha-1 produced significantly higher seed yield which was found comparable with all the treatments barring those applied with 50 % RDF along with 50% N from compost or vermi compost as well as 50 % RDF + 25% N from compost and vermi compost. Significantly highest microbial population was also found in the same treatment. Though available nitrogen and phosphorus were remained unaffected by IMN treatments, nitrogen content in seed and its uptake in seed as well as in stover had been affected significantly. Conversely, only phosphorus uptake in stover was found significantly vary due to different INM practices.
Phylogeography and ecological niche modeling unravel the evolutionary history of the African green toad, Bufotes boulengeri boulengeri (Amphibia: Bufonidae), through the Quaternary

Recent integration of ecological niche models in phylogeographic studies is improving our understanding of the processes structuring genetic variation across landscapes. Previous studies on the amphibian Bufotes boulengeri boulengeri uncovered a surprisingly weak intraspecific differentiation across the Maghreb region. We widely sampled this species from Morocco to Egypt and sequenced one nuclear and three mitochondrial (mtDNA) genes to determine the level of genetic variability across its geographic range. We evaluated these data with ecological niche modeling to reveal its evolutionary history in response to climate change during the Quaternary. Our results highlight some mtDNA phylogeographic structure within this species, with one haplogroup endemic to coastal Morocco, and one haplogroup widely distributed throughout North Africa. No or little genetic differentiation is observed between isolated populations from the Hoggar Mountains, the Sabha district and the islands of Kerkennah and Lampedusa, compared to others populations. This can be explained by the expansion of the distribution range of B. b. boulengeri during glacial periods. This might have facilitated the species’ dispersal and subsequent gene flow between most North African localities.
Reconstructing Species Relationships within the Recently Diversified Genus Odontites Ludw. (Orobanchaceae): Evidence for Extensive Reticulate Evolution

Premise of research. Odontites is an herbaceous genus composed of 27 species, mostly distributed around the Mediterranean Basin. As a first step toward studying species diversification within this genus, our goals were to (i) test previous hypotheses about phylogenetic relationships among species; (ii) assess whether the closely related genera Bartsiella, Bornmuellerantha, Macrosyringion, and Odontitella should be included in Odontites; and (iii) detect potential events of reticulate evolution. Methodology. We estimated phylogenetic relationships based on nuclear (ITS and ETS) and chloroplast (psbA-trnH, trnC-ycf6, and trnL-trnF) DNA regions. Our sampling included 184 individuals representing 25 out of the 27 species of Odontites. We also counted chromosomes in five species and measured nuclear genome sizes in 139 individuals of 21 species. Pivotal results. We showed that Bartsiella and Bornmuellerantha should be returned to Odontites, while Odontitella was confirmed as distinct. Macrosyringion requires further investigations. Several phylogenetic incongruences were identified, suggesting two cases of hybrid speciation (in O. maroccanus and O. violaceus) and several introgression events. These events were very diverse in terms of number of individuals involved, species co-occurrence, direction of introgression, and incidence of genome doubling. We obtained new chromosome numbers for O. hispidulus (2n=4x=40) and O. powellii (2n=2x=20), and no relation between nuclear genome size and chromosome number was found. Conclusions. We inferred hybrid speciation and various introgression events, and polyploidy was also detected. Odontites appears as an interesting genus to study species diversification, providing a group of closely related species that display, e.g., morphological, ecological, or phenological character variation; cases of study at different temporal stages in the diversification process; and several contact zones between species.
PHENOLICS ACIDS, FLAVONOIDS, ASCORBIC ACID, β-GLUCANS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN MEXICAN WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOMS

Five wild edible mushrooms (Amanita caesarea, Boletus edulis, Cantharellus cibarius, Lactarius indigo and Ramaria sp.) from Mexico were studied for their total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, gallic acid, and cinnamic and chlorogenic acids. B. edulis showed the highest contents, expressed in dry weight, of flavonoids (0.92 mg of quercetin equivalents/g), total phenolic acids (8.66 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g), chlorogenic acid (1001.67 μg/g) and cinnamic acid (10.68 μg/g), and it also presented the greatest antioxidant activity (48.6% DPPH scavenging activity and 59.48% reductive power) among the species analyzed. Overall, the Mexican wild edible mushrooms had high concentrations of chlorogenic and ascorbic acids and flavonoids. This study constitutes the first report in Mexico about nutraceuticals from wild edible mushrooms.
Relationship Between Antibiotic Resistance with Spa Gene Polymorphism Coding Protein A and its Typing with PCR-RFLP Technique in S. aureus Isolated from Foodstuffs

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of hospital and community acquired infections. Food borne diseases are an important problem in public health. Protein A is a protein 42 KDa, which is expressed in all strains of this bacterium. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between antibiotic resistances with spa gene polymorphism. Methods: A total of 1,050 food samples were collected during 8 months in Hamedan, Iran. Food samples were evaluated for the presence of spa genes of S. aureus. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion agar. After extraction of genomic DNA, nuc and spa genes were detected. Finally, with the PCR-RFLP method, spa typing was performed. The relationship between the antibiotic resistance rate and Spa types were analyzed by the SPSS software. Results: Results showed that the 98 cases (9.33%) of S. aureus were isolated. The most frequent resistance was observed against tetracycline (8.41%). Spa gene was reported in all isolates and 4 different patterns of spa gene was seen. Furthermore, a significant correlation between different strains isolated from diverse foodstuffs and different patterns of spa (P < 0.05) was also found. In addition, the relationship between resistance to different antibiotics with obtained types showed that there is a significant correlation between resistance to erythromycin (P = 0.014) and clindamycin (P = 0.016) with different spa types. Conclusions: In regards to the increased resistance to antibiotics in strains isolated from foodstuffs, rapid and accurate typing of S. aureus to identify transmission of the infectious organisms is very important. Molecular typing of Spa protein can prevent epidemics and reduce the infections and costs of nosocomial infections.
Heterosis studies in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Heterosis was estimated over better parent, respectively among 45 F1 hybrids for yield and related traits. The most desirable cross combination viz., KS-227 x Roma for fruit yield plant-1 also showed desirable better parent heterosis for days to first picking and fruit size. The cross combinations Local x Marglobe (number of primary branches plant-1), DVRT-1 x S-II (average fruit weight), Arka Vikas x KS-227 (plant height), Marglobe x Roma (flesh thickness), KS-227 x Roma (number of fruits plant-1), VLT-32 x Roma (total soluble solids) and VLT-32 x Shalimar-I (Vitamin C) showed highest better parent heterosis. These cross combinations also revealed high per se performance.
Wood Anatomical Structures of Tropical Acacias and its Implication to Tree Breeding

Some species in the genus of Acacia were introduced in tropical regions mostly for supplying raw material for forest industries, such as pulp and paper, sawn timber and wood energy. Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, China, India, Philipines, and Thailand were reported as the countries concern for Acacia plantations in the tropic areas [1]. The establishment of Acacias plantations were practiced either by large scale plantation companies or by smallholder grower.
Programming of macrophages by apoptotic cancer cells inhibits cancer progression through exosomal PTEN and PPARγ ligands

Apoptotic cell clearance by phagocytes is essential in tissue homeostasis. We demonstrated that conditioned medium (CM) from macrophages exposed to apoptotic cancer cells inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion of cancer cells with the acquisition of cancer-stem–like traits. Apoptotic 344SQ (ApoSQ) cell-induced PPARγ activity in macrophages caused increased PTEN levels, secreted in exosomes. ApoSQ-exposed CM from PTEN knockdown cells failed to enhance PTEN in recipient 344SQ cells, restore cellular polarity, and exert anti-EMT and anti-invasive effects. The CM which deficient of PPARγ ligands could not reverse the suppression of PPARγ activity and PTEN and consequently failed to the prevent EMT process. Moreover, single injection of ApoSQ cells inhibited lung metastasis in syngeneic mice with enhanced PPARγ/PTEN signaling both in tumor-associated macrophages and tumor cells. PPARγ antagonist GW9662 reversed PTEN signaling and anti-metastatic effect. Thus, apoptotic cancer cell therapy may offer a new strategy for the prevention of metastasis.
Prebiotic potential of xylooligosaccharides derived from finger millet seed coat

ABSTRACT The present study deals with the enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from water-soluble xylan (WSX) extracted from finger millet CO9 seed coat and the evaluation of its prebiotic potential. The yield of XOS was 72%, when the WSX of the finger millet seed coat was treated with commercially available xylanase of Thermomyces lanuginosus. The XOS obtained when analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography–evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) indicated a degree of polymerization (DP) of 2 and Electro Spray Ionization Mass Spectra (ESI-MS) revealed xylobiose as the major sugar. The presence of β-glycosidic linkages of XOS was identified by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies. The XOS exhibited an antioxidant activity of 75% and prebiotic efficacy. Prebiotic activity in the presence of probiotic strains was strain specific and differences in the prebiotic activity score (PAS) between strains were evident. The cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus plantarum grown on the XOS from finger millet seed coat showed strong antibacterial activities against four pathogenic microorganisms compared with commercial XOS. Finger millet seed coat represents an abundant and alternative source for the extraction of xylan and its use for prebiotic XOS production.
Reproductive biology of the Salema, fish Sarpa salpa (Osteichthyes: Sparidae) along the eastern coast of Libya.

In the current work, the overall ratio between males and females of Sarpa salpa was 1:0.32. The first sexual maturity of males was recorded at length group (21.124cm) by 66.6% and the female was recorded at length group (24.1-27) by 50%. Ovaries of S. salpa were examined. The smallest mature female had a total body length of 29 cm and 387.73 gm weight with absolute fecundity of 2,978,440 eggs. The largest female had total body length of 39 cm and body weight of 918.86 gm with absolute fecundity 1,685,729 eggs. Based on the results of maturity stages, gonadosomatic indices (G.S.I) and ova diameters, the study showed clearly that spawning season of S. salpa in the Libyan coast of the Mediterranean waters extends from October to December. Keyword: Sarpa salpa, Salema fish, reproduction, Mediterranean Sea
Performance of modern and old, European and national potato cultivars in different environments

Little information on the comparative yield of the main potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum) used in Brazil is available. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of modern and old, European and Brazilian potato cultivars in different environments. Two experiments were carried in the field in 2013, in Brazil: in Guarapuava, in the state of Paraná, from January to April; and in Brasília, the Federal District, from August to November. Treatments consisted of six cultivars (origin, year of release): Bintje (European, 1910), Monalisa (European, 1982) and Agata (European, 1990); Baronesa (Brazilian, 1955), Catucha (Brazilian, 1995) and BRS Clara (Brazilian, 2010), arranged in complete blocks at random, with four replications, in both areas. Growth cycle, total and commercial yield (number of tubers and mass), tuber average weight and tuber dry matter content were evaluated. We observed significant differences in yield among cultivars, both in Guarapuava and in Brasilia. We also observed that increases in yield in Brazil are possible, the modern cultivars having higher yield potential than old cultivars. No significant differences in yield were detected between European and Brazilian cultivars, in none of the growing zones. We suggest that the use of imported cultivars by Brazilian potato growers is related to factors not associated to yield.
Broad-Scale Morphometric Diversity in the Lake Minnow Eupallasella percnurus (Cyprinidae : Pisces)

The lake minnow Eupallasella percnurus is distributed throughout a vast area that includes most of Europe and northern Asia and displays a wide range of morphological variation, which resulted in five distinguished subspecies. There are no previous conclusive morphometric analyses of samples from different parts of the distribution area. This paper presents results of multidimensional analyses of morphometric characters of 19 widely scattered populations of the species. The results of the analyses show considerable inter-population differences. Morphometric evidence suggests that three morphologically different groups exist within the studied species. The population from the Volga river basin represents a distinct species tentatively called the ‘Volga lake minnow’. The populations from Poland; central, northern and northeastern Russia; and northern Kazakhstan form a group closely related to the nominative subspecies E. percnurus percnurus, whereas populations from southeastern Russia (including Sakhalin) and Hokkaido probably form a separate subspecies.
Horizontal and vertical movements of white marlin, Kajikia albida, tagged off the Yucatán Peninsula

Original Article Horizontal and vertical movements of white marlin, Kajikia albida, tagged off the Yucatán Peninsula J. J. Vaudo*, M. E. Byrne, B. M. Wetherbee, G. M. Harvey, A. Mendillo Jr , and M. S. Shivji The Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA Keen M International, Av Rueda Medina 318, Centro Supmza. 001, Isla Mujeres, Quintana Roo 77400, Mexico *Corresponding author: tel: þ1 (954) 262 3677; fax: þ1 (954) 262 4098; e-mail: jvaudo@nova.edu Current address: School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Phenological characterization and development of fava beans

Fava bean ( Phaseolus lunatus L.) is a crop of social and economic importance in the Northeast region of Brazil. However, this crop usually has low yields due to inadequate management. Based on the above, this work describes the phenology and development of 'Moita' fava beans in the municipality of Teresina-PI. The experi­ment was installed at the Colegio Tecnico de Teresina da Universidade Federal do Piaui, in the municipality of Teresina-PI, from July to October 2014. The experiment occupied an area of 200 m 2 . Seeds of 'Moita' fava bean were cultivated, with a specific growth habit. The spacing used was 1 m between rows and 0.5 m between plants. Five replicates were used, each containing 10 plants. The cultivar 'Moita' of fava beans presents on average eighteen stages of development, being twelve vegetative stages and six reproductive stages. From sowing to the R1 stage (pre-flowering), 41.26 days were required and from R1 to R6 (maturation of the first pod), another 47.88 days. The maturation of the pods is not uniform, from the beginning to the end of the harvest were 24 days. The fava-bean plant has average height of 14.12 cm when in V1 (first open trifoliate leaves) and reaches on average 78.29 cm in height in the R6.
Effects of Different Inoculation Regimes of Torulaspora delbrueckii and Oenococcus oeni on Fermentation Kinetics and Chemical Constituents of Durian Wine

This work evaluated the effects of inoculation time of Oenococcus oeni on the kinetics of fermentation and chemical constituents of durian wine produced using a non-Saccharomyces yeast, Torulaspora delbrueckii. The growth of T. delbrueckii in mixed-culture fermentations was significantly adversely affected by the presence of O. oeni, and the growth of malolactic bacteria was also affected by the metabolism of yeast during fermentation. The level of ethanol produced in simultaneous alcoholic and malolactic fermentation (SIM, 6.93%, v/v) was comparable to that in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC-1118 control (6.75%, v/v); both levels were relatively higher than that in the T. delbrueckii Biodiva control (6.39%, v/v) and the other two sequential fermentations (oenococci inoculated after four and seven days of alcoholic fermentation, SEQ 4th, 6.34% and SEQ 7th, 6.33% v/v respectively). The final concentrations of organic acids and esters in the mixed-culture wines were correlated with the inoculation time of O. oeni. SIM produced relatively higher levels of ethyl esters (ethyl esters of hexanoate, octanoate, decanoate and lactate) and acetate esters (ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate) than those in SEQ 4th, SEQ 7th and the Biodiva control. This suggests that SIM would contribute fruity aroma properties to and modulate the mouthfeel of durian wine. The production of 3-(ethylthio)-1-propanol could compensate for the weak onion-like odour caused by the decrease in initial volatile sulphur compounds. Overall, this research suggests that SIM treatment is an effective way to produce durian wine with higher ester production.
In Vitro Evaluation of Bio-Control Agents and Fungicides against Ganoderma lucidum Causing Basal Stem Rot of Arecanut

: Basal stem rot or Ganoderma wilt caused by Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis Ex.Fr.) Karst is one of the major constraints in arecanut cultivation in Assam, India. Pure culture of Ganoderma was isolated from fruiting bodies of diseased arecanut palms. Twenty-two Trichoderma spp. and twelve Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates were prepared from rhizosphere of healthy arecanut palms from different locations. The study was carried out during 2012-13 and 2013-14. Dual culture study revealed that among the Trichoderma spp. , T. viride Tv-16 isolate, produced maximum reduction in radial growth of G. lucidum (88.56%) followed by Ta-7 and Ta-10 with 88.26 and 84.07 per cent inhibition over control after 144 hrs of incubation respectively. Among the twelve isolates of P. fluorescens , Pf6 was most effective, followed by Pf10 with 77.55 and 77.33 per cent inhibition over control, respectively. Seven fungicides were assayed for their efficacy against the test pathogen at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 per cent concentration. Among the systemic fungicides, hexaconazole 5EC and tridemorph 80EC completely inhibited the growth of G. lucidum at all the concentrations. Among the contact fungicides, mancozeb 75%WP (86.11% inhibition over control) gave maximum control against the pathogen. Compatibility study of fungicides with T. viride Tv-16 revealed that the systemic fungicides, carbendazim 50%WP, hexaconazole 5%EC and tridemorph 80%EC were highly sensitive to T. viride with 100 per cent inhibition at all the tested concentration. Non-systemic fungicide mancozeb 75%WP was found to be compatible, whereas copper oxychloride 50%WP and captan 50%WP showed low to moderate degree of compatibility with T. viride Tv16.
Biological studies on brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee

The biology of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis, was studied on brinjal variety Punjab Sada bahar. The different parameters of biology viz. incubation period, larval period, pupal period, oviposition, fecundity, adult longevity and sex ratio were studied during different months i.e. June, August and October. The results revealed that there was significant difference in duration of all the biological parameters during three different seasons and minimum duration of incubation period (3.19 days), larval period (11.31 days), pupal period (7.11 days) was observed during August when mean temperature and relative humidity was 29.5 oC and 79.25 per cent respectively. The total life span was observed to be short during August followed by June and October.
Inflammation and Leukocyte Responses Induced by Subcutaneous Turpentine Inoculation of Young Alligator Mississippiensis.

O b j e c t i v e s . 62 Materials and Methods. 63 Results Gross and Microscopic Skin Lesions.73 Leukocytes.97 D i s c u s s i o n . 121 Summary. 151 Bibliography . 152 V i t a . 172