Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of lactating cows in commercial Austrian dairy farms: interrelationships between different efficiency and production traits, body condition score and energy balance

Abstract This study examines the relationship between efficiency, energy balance and related traits like milk yield, feed intake (DMI), body weight and body condition score (BCS). Data was derived in the project ‘Efficient Cow’ to develop efficiency traits for Austrian cattle breeding (6105 cows, 161 farms, one-year data collection). The following efficiency traits were considered: body weight efficiency as ratio between energy corrected milk (ECM) to metabolic body weight, feed efficiency (kg ECM per kg DMI) and energy efficiency expressed as ratio between energy in milk to energy intake. The higher the proportion of Red Holstein (RH) in Fleckvieh (FV), the more (efficiently) milk was produced, but also at the expenses of body fat reserves. The negative energy state of Holstein Friesian (HF) and the FV groups with highest RH proportion lasted approximately twice as long as of the least efficient Brown Swiss. All genotypes regained lost body tissue during whole lactation. The high yielding groups required a higher concentrate proportion in late lactation to regain body condition. In early lactation, high efficiency was accompanied by the loss of body weight and BCS. Body condition stagnated longer on the lowest level and was more conform to energy balance than body weight. In conclusion, high efficiency required an increasing partitioning of nutrients to milk yield inclusive mobilisation. Breeding for higher efficiency would exacerbate catabolic state including problems with health and fertility. This highlights the necessity of a broader definition of efficiency in cattle breeding involving parameters like BCS, health and fertility traits. HIGHLIGHTS In early lactation, high efficiency co-occurs with loss of body weight and body condition score Breeding for higher efficiency exacerbates body tissue mobilisation and negative energy balance A broader definition of efficiency involving parameters like body condition score, health and fertility traits is necessary in cattle breeding
THE ROLE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN CONSTRAINING EARNING MANAGEMENT

This study examines whether corporate governance measured by audit quality, ownership structure, and board of commissioners quality has an effective role in constraining earnings management in Indonesia. The sample of this research is 163 companies in non-financial sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2014-2018. Regression analysis is used to test the research hypothesis. Discretional accruals were used to measure earning management. The results show that the audit firm’s reputation as a proxy of audit quality has a negative significant influence (at the 5% level) on earning management practices. Contrary to the hypothesis, we found that the size of the board of commissioners has a positive significant influence (at the 5% level) on earnings management. These findings provide practical advice for the government and shareholders in providing effective corporate governance mechanisms in constraining earnings management.
Pengaruh Kompetensi, Pelatihan dan Pengembangan Karir Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect partially and simultaneously competence, training and career development on employee performance at PT. Angkasa Pura II (Persero) Kualanamu Branch Office. This study uses an associative approach, which is research conducted to determine the effect or relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The population and sample in this study were employees of the Electrical And Mechanical Facility Division at PT. Angkasa Pura II (Persero) Kualanamu Branch Office, amounting to 60 people. The data collection technique used a questionnaire, while the data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that partially competence has a significant effect on employee performance. Partially training does not have a significant effect on employee performance. Partially career development has a significant influence on employee performance. And simultaneously competence, training and career development have a significant influence on employee performance at PT. Angkasa Pura II (Persero) Kualanamu Branch Office.
COVID-19 Enhanced Diminishing Sensitivity in Prospect-Theory Risk Preferences: A Panel Analysis

Based on unique panel data from a five-wave internet survey in Japan, we show how the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic affected people’s prospect-theory risk preferences, especially in the loss domain. The panel analysis indicates that with the spread of the pandemic, diminishing sensitivity becomes stronger for the participants’ value and probability weighting functions. Thus, due to the pandemic, (i) people become less sensitive to an increase in losses and feel less pain due to losses, especially large ones; and (ii) they become more pessimistic towards tail loss risks, and more optimistic towards non-tail loss risks. One implication is that people have become less cautious of the risks of suffering large non-tail losses, which might retard the recovery of society.
Polymorphisms of exon 10 in the BPI gene and its association analysis with some reproductive traits and partial immune indexes in Meishan pigs

This study was conducted to detect polymorphisms of BPI gene exon 10 by PCR-RFLP in Meishan pigs and their associations with some important cytokine levels (IL-1s, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TGF-1s, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and reproductive traits (total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), birth litter weight (BLW), and weaning litter weight (WLW)), with the aim of identifying effective genetic markers for molecular breeding. The results revealed three genotypes, including AA, AB, and BB, with the trend of AA > BB > AB in reproductive traits. Pigs with the AA genotype were significantly higher than the AB genotype in TNB and IFN-γ (P 0.05). Comprehensive analysis indicated that the polymorphisms of exon 10 in the BPI gene have significant genetic effects on some reproductive traits and cytokines in Meishan pigs, for which the AA genotype was demonstrated to be the favorable genotype, which could be used as potential genetic markers for in-depth research and examination.
Intellectual capital and business model: a systematic literature review to explore their linkages

PurposeIn the last decades, business and management scholars have given great attention to intellectual capital (IC), which could seem a mature topic, having arrived at its third wave of studies. However, its intersections with the business model (BM) remain an under-investigated topic, and the authors wanted to investigate two research questions (RQs): how the literature addressing IC and BM has evolved so far in the business and management domains? What are possible future research trends of business and management studies regarding IC and BM? Design/methodology/approachThis study answers these questions through a systematic literature review (SLR) of 74 peer-reviewed articles in the area of business and management. First, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate what is the current trend of such publications and what are the most relevant articles, authors, countries and journals. Then, a content analysis was performed to aggregate and systematize the results and identify future lines of research.FindingsResults show that most of the studies conducted to date are focused on the aspects of value creation and value capture, with a primary focus on investigating the relationship between IC and firms' performances (e.g. economic, financial and organizational). Originality/valueThe relationship between IC and BM has been quite neglected by the literature, or at least it leaves room for further research lines. For example, little is known about how firms use the various IC assets to leverage new forms of value proposition, new target markets or new sources of revenues. This is one of the first papers systematizing the current body of knowledge on this topic and drawing future lines of research.
Leucas dhonimalayensis (Lamiaceae), A New Species from Peninsular India

Leucas dhonimalayensis Sunojk. & K.P. Vimal (Lamiaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from the Dhoni Hills of the Western Ghats in Peninsular India. It is placed in sect. Astrodon. The morphological characters that distinguish it from the most similar species L. beddomei and L. hirta are given. Information on the distribution and habitat ecology of L. dhonimalayensis is also provided.
Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria Mitigating Soil Salinity Stress in Plants

Soil deterioration has led to problems with the nutrition of the world’s population. As one of the most serious stressors, soil salinization has a negative effect on the quantity and quality of agricultural production, drawing attention to the need for environmentally friendly technologies to overcome the adverse effects. The use of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can be a key factor in reducing salinity stress in plants as they are already introduced in practice. Plants having halotolerant PGPB in their root surroundings improve in diverse morphological, physiological, and biochemical aspects due to their multiple plant-growth-promoting traits. These beneficial effects are related to the excretion of bacterial phytohormones and modulation of their expression, improvement of the availability of soil nutrients, and the release of organic compounds that modify plant rhizosphere and function as signaling molecules, thus contributing to the plant’s salinity tolerance. This review aims to elucidate mechanisms by which PGPB are able to increase plant tolerance under soil salinity.
BREAKING UP DORMANCY OF ADANSONIA DIGITATA L. SEEDS AND REGENERATION OF PLANTLETS FROM STEM NODAL SEGMENTS IN VITRO

In Yemen, there are only three trees of Adansonia digitata L. which is adopted in this study. Natural regeneration and independent germination of Adansonia digitata is poor although it is one of the tallest trees in the world that was recorded to live about 4000 years. Unfortunately, the tree is a subject of extinction. In the present study, the seeds of Adansonia digitata L. were pretreated with full and half strength of hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric acids for one and/or two hour as a mean of scarificationtobreakthedormancyoftheseeds.Seedswerethensurfacesterilizedandallowedtogerminateonhormone–freeMS basal salts culture medium in vitro. The obtained seedlings were used as a source of nodal segments explants for propagation in vitro. Results of the present study have shown that all of the acid treatments overcame seed dormancy and enhanced seed germination in various degrees. The percentage of seed germination increased from 18.6% in the control group to 86.6% using a pretreatment of half strength sulfuric acid for one hour. The germinated seeds grown into seedlings of a mean of 11.1 centimeter after 8 weeks of growth. Stem nodal segments were cultured on agar solidifiedMSbasalsaltssupplementedwithvarious concentrations of benzyle adenine (BA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The maximum regenerant shoot length (15.1±03 cm) was obtained with 8 mg/l BA plus 0.5 mg/l NAA while The maximum number of leaves per regenernt reached up (7.2±0.2) using 10 mg/l BA + 1.0 mg/l NAA.The obtained regenerants developed roots on the same culture media. They were acclimatized for one week and then transferred to soil.
Evaluation of additive effect of feed additives in crossbred cows under in vitro and in vivo conditions

The Study was conducted to evaluate the additive effect of selected feed additives (Glycerol, a mixture of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE), a mixture of probiotics and rumen protected methionine (RPM) under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The optimum dose of pre-mixture of feed additives (PFA) was evaluated by in vitro gas production technique in two stages. The marginal increase in Y-max and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) for each incremental increase in PFA was compared graphically and it was found to be 1.7 %. In in vivo trial, 12 crossbred HF cows were equally divided into 3 groups based on milk yield and average days in lactation. The optimized dose of PFA was added to the concentrate supplements without (T1) or with buffer (T2), control group (CG) was fed with the basal diet (roughage: concentrate ratio of 60:40). Results indicated that PFA with or without buffer had no significant effect on nutrient intake and digestibility. Fat corrected milk yield (FCM), milk fat, total solids (TS) and milk protein were significantly (P Lass Than 0.01) increased in TGs than that of CG. From the results, it may be concluded that optimized PFA had an additive effect on milk production efficiency but not on nutrient intake and digestibility. Further, different groups of feed additives can be evaluated for additive effect, which may pave the way for commercial product preparation.
Isotropic plasma atomic layer etching of Al2O3 using a fluorine containing plasma and Al(CH3)3

Nanofabrication techniques with atomic level precision are needed for advancement to smaller technology nodes in the semiconductor industry. Thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) is currently being developed to isotropically etch material for future applications. In this Letter, an alternative plasma-based ALE process for isotropic etching of Al2O3 is introduced involving SF6 plasma and trimethylaluminium [TMA, Al(CH3)3] pulses, providing higher etch rates and lower processing temperatures than conventional thermal ALE. This process illustrates that a fluorine-containing plasma can serve as a viable reactant for ALE and that plasmas—besides their conventional use in anisotropic ALE—can be employed for isotropic ALE. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements confirmed saturation of both SF6 plasma and TMA half-cycles, which results in an etch per cycle (EPC) of 3.1 ± 0.1 A at 260 °C. The isotropic nature of the plasma ALE process was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy analysis of Al2O3-coated 3D trench structures after performing ALE cycles. A mechanism of fluorination by F radicals and ligand exchange reactions involving TMA is proposed for this plasma ALE process based on observations from infrared spectroscopy, which are supported by reactant synergy analysis. This work establishes the benefits that a plasma can deliver for isotropic ALE.
Types of Shelter and Covering Materials Influencing Growth, Pigment, and Nutrient Concentrations of Baby Rubber Plants (Peperomia obtusifolia)

The cultivation of ornamental plants under different types of shelter and covering materials which reduce light intensity, resulting in morphological and physiological changes, needs to be evaluated before any large-scale use of such types of shelter covers. Baby rubber plants were grown in pots filled with peat under four different shelters and covering materials as follows: MG (multitunnel greenhouse with thermo-reflective aluminised screen), BG (buried solar greenhouse with thermo-reflective aluminised screen), NH (net house covered only with antipest mesh) and NH-AS (net house with antipest mesh and thermo-reflective aluminised screen). At the end of the experiment, the growth parameters and color of leaves, as well as photosynthetic and nutritional parameters, were assessed for each treatment. Baby rubber plants grown under NH-AS showed the highest values for growth parameters. The absence of shading in a net house may result in photoinhibition, reducing the growth and increasing the values of red (R) and blue (B) in leaves, which may be related to the increase of anthocyanin synthesis. The low level of radiation intercepted in the multitunnel and the buried greenhouse increased chlorophyll, N and P leaf concentration, while for K concentration, there was no clear trend and Na and Cl leaf concentration were similar under the different types of shelter. We concluded that the production of baby rubber plants under net house with antipest mesh and thermo-reflective aluminised screen is the best option to maximise the market value of baby rubber plants.
A Frog in Every Pan: Information Discreteness and the Lead-lag Returns Puzzle

We re-examine the puzzling pattern of lead-lag returns among economically linked firms. Our results show these patterns are driven largely by investors’ tendency to ignore information that arrives continuously in small amounts. In contrast, when information with the same cumulative returns arrives in discrete amounts, it is quickly incorporated into price. Consistent with investors’ belief revision being colored by a representativeness heuristic, the price adjustment process is more complete when a signal is more representative of the underlying news. Our results indicate that how information manifests itself can drive return predictability, irrespective of the nature of the economic linkage between firms.
First record of Epipompilus excelsus (Bradley, 1944) (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) as a koinobiont ectoparasitoid of Ariadna mollis (Holmberg, 1876) (Araneae, Segestriidae)

EpipompilusKohl comprises 52 species of wasps that are parasitoids of spiders; 16 species occur in the Neotropical region and 36 species occur in the Australian region. The biological knowledge of this genus is limited and its interactions and host spiders are still incipient. Here, we report some behavioural and biological characteristics ofE.excelsus, a parasitoid of the tube-dwelling spiderAriadnamollis. We observed anE.excelsusfemale attacking an adult female ofA.mollisin São Paulo, Brazil. We photographed daily the larval development of the wasp, from the egg stage to adult emergence. The entire developmental cycle of the wasp took 24 days. This period was shorter than the developmental periods of wasps belonging to other genera of Pompilidae. Although all species within Pompilidae use spiders as host, they present great behavioural diversity, characterized by different ethological sequences. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the Neotropical species ofEpipompilusexhibit biological characteristics similar to the Australian species, acting as a koinobiont ectoparasitoid, but displays differences in larval morphology. Studies on other species could elucidate the extent of these differences and similarities, contributing to our understanding of the evolutionary history ofEpipompilus, and consequently of Pompilidae.
Machine versus human translation outputs: Which one results in better reading comprehension among EFL learners?

efl university students in general and Iranian efl university learners in particular, specifically in the commencement of their study at bachelor degree prefer to have their assigned English texts translated into mother tongue since they do not have a good command of the language. Machine translation (mt) has recently turned into a favorite tool for all students including efl ones since it is free and readily available. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the effect of mt output on such students. To achieve this goal, two sample texts in students’ mother tongue were selected and translated into English by a proficient human translator whose native language was English and by an mt system (Google Translate). Next, 167 homogenous efl freshman students were given a proficiency test and 152 homogenous ones randomly assigned to two groups, namely, control and experimental groups. The control group was given the human translation (ht) and the experimental group was exposed to machine translation. Using an independent t-test, indicated that there was a negligible difference between mentioned groups. That is, mt has improved to such an extent that it can compete with the issn 1832-4215 Vol. 16, no.2 Pages 69–84 https://doi.org/10.29140/jaltcall.v16n2. 342
Parameter identification of a class of nonlinear multidelay systems with piecewise constant delays

This paper deals with the parameter estimation of an important class of nonlinear time‐delay systems with a piecewise constant delay function. The developed procedure is based on a generalization of the hybrid of block‐pulse functions and Taylor polynomials. The operational matrix of integration related to the generalized hybrid functions is constructed. Furthermore, an upper bound with respect to the L2‐norm for the generalized hybrid functions is acquired, and convergence of the generalized hybrid functions is demonstrated. The merits of the hybrid basis are implemented to convert the problem under examination into an algebraic system. The methodology of least squares is adopted for solving the acquired algebraic system. An illustrative example is included in order to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the designed method. It is shown that the proposed approach provides accurate estimates for the desired parameters. The current approach reduces the computation complexity of the identification process.
Predicting Future Disease Burden in a Rapidly Changing Climate.

The interplay of a rapidly changing climate and infectious disease occurrence is emerging as a critical topic, requiring investigation of possible direct, as well as indirect, connections between disease processes and climate-related variation and phenomena. First, we introduce and overview three infectious disease exemplars (dengue, influenza, valley fever) representing different transmission classes (insect-vectored, human-to-human, environmentally-transmitted) to illuminate the complex and significant interplay between climate disease processes, as well as to motivate discussion of how Sandia can transform the field, and change our understanding of climate-driven infectious disease spread. We also review state-of-the-art epidemiological and climate modeling approaches, together with data analytics and machine learning methods, potentially relevant to climate and infectious disease studies. We synthesize the modeling and disease exemplars information, suggesting initial avenues for research and development (R&D) in this area, and propose potential sponsors for this work. Whether directly or indirectly, it is certain that a rapidly changing climate will alter global disease burden. The trajectory of climate change is an important control on this burden, from local, to regional and global scales. The efforts proposed herein respond to the National Research Council’s call for the creation of a multidisciplinary institute that would address critical aspects of these interlocking, cascading crises.