Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure and stratigraphy of the New Caledonia Basin

The New Caledonia Basin is a major bathymetric feature extending northwest from Taranaki, New Zealand, between the Challenger Plateau/Lord Howe Rise and the Norfolk Ridge. Interpretations of gravity data and seismic refraction velocities indicate that crustal thinning did not proceed to formation of ocean crust. Rifting was pre-Cenozoic, and may be pre-Cretaceous. Major transverse or transform faults may have accommodated oblique rifting. Cenozoic volcanism was influenced by these earlier structures. Channels and turbidites within the Plio-Pleistocene section reveal the continuation of a submarine distributary system from the Taranaki continental shelf. Seismic stratigraphy, the volume and thicknesses of sediment observed, and the likely maturation levels suggest potential for hydrocarbon accumulations.
Influence of solar variability, CO 2 and orbital forcing between 1000 and 1850 AD in the IPSLCM4 model

Abstract. Studying the climate of the last millennium gives the possibility to deal with a relatively well-documented climate essentially driven by natural forcings. We have performed two simulations with the IPSLCM4 climate model to evaluate the impact of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI), CO2 and orbital forcing on secular temperature variability during the preindustrial part of the last millennium. The Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature of the simulation reproduces the amplitude of the NH temperature reconstructions over the last millennium. Using a linear statistical decomposition we evaluated that TSI and CO2 have similar contributions to secular temperature variability between 1425 and 1850 AD. They generate a temperature minimum comparable to the Little Ice Age shown by the temperature reconstructions. Solar forcing explains ~80% of the NH temperature variability during the first part of the millennium (1000–1425 AD) including the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA). It is responsible for a warm period which occurs two centuries later than in the reconstructions. This mismatch implies that the secular variability during the MCA is not fully explained by the response of the model to the TSI reconstruction. With a signal-noise ratio (SNR) estimate we found that the temperature signal of the forced simulation is significantly different from internal variability over area wider than ~5.106 km2, i.e. approximately the extent of Europe. Orbital forcing plays a significant role in latitudes higher than 65° N in summer and supports the conclusions of a recent study on an Arctic temperature reconstruction over past two millennia. The forced variability represents at least half of the temperature signal on only ~30% of the surface of the globe. This study suggests that regional reconstructions of the temperature between 1000 and 1850 AD are likely to show weak signatures of solar, CO2 and orbital forcings compared to internal variability.
40Ar/39Ar age of material returned from asteroid 25143 Itokawa

The Hayabusa mission to asteroid 25143, Itokawa, brought back 2000 small particles, which most closely resemble material found in LL4‐6 chondrites. We report an 40Ar/39Ar age of 1.3 ± 0.3 Ga for a sample of Itokawa consisting of three grains with a total mass of ~2 μg. This age is lower than the >4.0 Ga ages measured for 75% of LL chondrites but close to one for Y‐790964 and its pairs. The flat 40Ar/39Ar release spectrum of the sample suggests complete degassing 1.3 Ga ago. Recent solar heating in Itokawa's current orbit does not appear likely to have reset that age. Solar or impact heating 1.3 Ga ago could have done so. If impact heating was responsible, then the 1.3 Ga age sets an upper bound on the time at which the Itokawa rubble pile was assembled and suggests that rubble pile creation was an ongoing process in the inner solar system for at least the first 3 billion years of solar system history.
Nonparametric Tests for Serial Independence Based on Quadratic Forms

Tests for serial independence and goodness-of-fit based on divergence notions between probability distributions, such as the Kullback-Leibler divergence or Hellinger distance, have recently received much interest in time series analysis. The aim of this paper is to introduce tests for serial independence using kernel-based quadratic forms. This separates the problem of consistently estimating the divergence measure from that of consistently estimating the underlying joint densities, the existence of which is no longer required. Exact level tests are obtained by implementing a Monte Carlo procedure using permutations of the original observations. The bandwidth selection problem is addressed by introducing a multiple bandwidth procedure based on a range of different bandwidth values. After numerically establishing that the tests perform well compared to existing nonparametric tests, applications to estimated time series residuals are considered. The approach is illustrated with an application to financial returns data.
Site selectivity of the boring Rogerella isp. infesting Cardiaster granulosus (Goldfuss) (Echinoidea) in the type Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous, Belgium)

A burrowing spatangoid echinoid (heart urchin), Cardiaster granulosus (Goldfuss), from the type area of the Maastrichtian Stage (Upper Cretaceous) in Belgium, was infested only in the plates of the ambulacral petals by acrothoracian barnacle borings, Rogerella isp. This infestation was after the death and exhumation of the echinoid. The distribution of Rogerella may indicate the azimuth of current flow at the time of exhumation prior to final burial. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of Different Lentil Genotypes in Southern Belt of Bangladesh

An experiment was conducted to study on the performance of 76 lentil genotypes that are suitable to cultivate under the southern belt of Bangladesh (AEZ–13). The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. Correlation co–efficient was done to identifying the best relationship among the characters and path coefficient was also used to determine the direct and indirect relationships between yield and certain characters in 76 lentil genotypes. The data were analyzed statistically and means were adjudged by DMRT at 5% level of probability. Results revealed that genotypes had a significant control in all the studied characters at 1% level. Among the genotype, BD–3818 requiring more time for plant maturity (102.50 days) while it was also recorded the maximum pods and seeds (154.90 plant –1 and 2.0 pod -1 , respectively) as well as higher grain yield (173.70 g line –1 plot –1 ). So the genotype BD-3818 would be most suitable productive genotype and may be useful in improving seed yield of lentil under the southern belt of Bangladesh (AEZ-13). Correlation co–efficient and path analysis also revealed that highly significant positive correlations were detected between first and 50% flowering (r= 0.925**) and also between grain yield and biological yield (r = 0.821**) while path analysis demonstrated that grain yield had the highest positive direct effects (0.8373) and the higher negative direct effect was -0.1904 in respect of days to 50% flowering with an average residual effect of 0.2839. Above result indicated that 50% flowering is the main yield contributing traits and it suggested that the delay flowering significantly increased the grain yield. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i1. 22162 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(1): 139-144 2014
Raman scattering of perovskite SmScO3 and NdScO3 single crystals

We report an investigation of perovskite-type SmScO3 and NdScO3 single crystals by Raman scattering in various scattering configurations and at different wavelengths. The reported Raman spectra, together with the phonon mode assignment, set the basis for the use of Raman scattering for the structural investigation of rare earth (RE) scandates. Further to the phonon signature, a fluorescence signal is observed for both scandates and is particularly intense for NdScO3 when using a 488 or 514 nm excitation line. A comparison of Raman spectra of RE-scandates with literature Raman data on orthorhombic perovskites shows that the frequency of particular modes scales with the orthorhombic distortion in terms of the rotation (or tilt) angle of the ScO6 octahedra.
Spatial variations in the winter heat flux at SHEBA: estimates from snow-ice interface temperatures

Abstract The temperature of the snow-ice interface was measured every 2.4 h throughout winter 1997/98 at 30 locations near the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) camp in the Beaufort Sea. Measurements were obtained from young ice, ridges, refrozen melt ponds and ice hummocks. Average snow depths at these locations were 567 cm, while mean interface temperatures ranged from −8° to −25°C, with minimums varying from −12° to −39°C. Interface temperatures were linearly related to snow depth, with increasing scatter at greater depths. The conductive heat flux during the winter, Fc , was estimated for each location using air and interface temperatures, snow depths and measured snow thermal conductivities. Fc was integrated to determine total heat loss for the winter at each site. Losses varied by a factor of four, with variations over short distances (10 m) as large as the variations between ice floes. Spot measurements along traverse lines confirm that large variations in interface temperature are common, and imply that small-scale spatial variability in the conductive flux is widespread. A comparison of the dependence of Fc on snow depth and ice thickness based on our observations with the dependence predicted by a one-dimensional theoretical model suggests that spatial heterogeneity may be an important issue to consider when estimating the heat flux over large aggregate areas. We suggest that the small-scale variability in the conductive flux arises because the combined snow and ice geometry can produce significant horizontal conduction of heat.
Quantum field theory of dilute homogeneous Bose-Fermi mixtures at zero temperature: General formalism and beyond mean-field corrections

We consider a dilute homogeneous mixture of bosons and spin-polarized fermions at zero temperature. We first construct the formal scheme for carrying out systematic perturbation theory in terms of single particle Green’s functions. We especially focus on the description of the boson-fermion interaction. To do so we need to introduce the renormalized boson-fermion T matrix, which we determine to second order in the bosonfermion s-wave scattering length. We also discuss how to incorporate the usual boson-boson T matrix in mean field approximation to obtain the total ground-state properties of the system. The next-order term beyond mean field stems from the boson-fermion interaction and is proportional to aBFk F . The total ground-state energy density to this order is the sum of the kinetic energy of the free fermions, the boson-boson mean-field interaction, the usual mean-field contribution to the boson-fermion interaction energy, and the first bosonfermion correction beyond mean field. We also compute the bosonic and the fermionic chemical potentials, the compressibilities, and the modification to the induced fermion-fermion interaction. We discuss the behavior of the total ground-state energy and the importance of the correction beyond mean field for various parameter regimes, in particular considering mixtures of 6 Li and 7 Li and of 3 He and 4 He. Moreover, we determine the modification of the induced fermion-fermion interaction due to the effects beyond mean field. We show that there is no effect on the depletion of the Bose condensate to first order in the boson-fermion scattering length aBF .
STEREO observations of shock formation in the solar wind

During solar minimum, the majority of shocks observed at 1 AU are associated with interactions between fast and slow streams, appearing as the pressure ridge between the streams narrows, and as the fast mode speed becomes smaller than the velocity jump between streams. Shocks are believed to strengthen when following shock waves catch up with the leading shock. STEREO observations confirm this behavior for very weak shocks. We can also put limits on the location of the shock‐forming region by examining the periods of alignment between Venus and STEREO. In a period in which we see nine shocks at 1 AU, we see no shocks at 0.72 AU. Hence, stream interactions from 0.72 AU to 1 AU are responsible for the development of most of the shocks observed at 1 AU during solar minimum.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Maximum Diameter of Impacting Liquid Droplets

The maximum diameter a droplet that impacts on a surface will attain is the subject of controversy, notably for high-velocity impacts of low-viscosity liquids such as water or blood. We study the impact of droplets of simple liquids of different viscosities, and a shear-thinning complex fluid (blood), for a wide range of surfaces, impact speeds, and impact angles. We show that the spreading behavior cannot simply be predicted by equating the inertial to either capillary or viscous forces, since, for most situations of practical interest, all three forces are important. We determine the correct scaling behaviors for the viscous and capillary regimes and, by interpolating between the two, allow for a universal rescaling. The results for different impact angles can be rescaled on this universal curve also, by doing a simple geometrical correction for the impact angle. For blood, we show that the shear-thinning properties do not affect the maximum diameter and only the high-shear rate viscosity is relevant. With our study, we solve a long-standing problem within the fluid-dynamics community: We attest that the spreading behavior of droplets is governed by the conversion of kinetic energy into surface energy or dissipated heat. Energy transfer into internal flows marginally hinders droplet spreading upon impact.
Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume V - heterogeneous reactions on solid substrates

Abstract. This article, the fifth in the ACP journal series, presents data evaluated by the IUPAC Subcommittee on Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation for Atmospheric Chemistry. It covers the heterogeneous processes on surfaces of solid particles present in the atmosphere, for which uptake coefficients and adsorption parameters have been presented on the IUPAC website in 2010. The article consists of an introduction and guide to the evaluation, giving a unifying framework for parameterisation of atmospheric heterogeneous processes. We provide summary sheets containing the recommended uptake parameters for the evaluated processes. Four substantial appendices contain detailed data sheets for each process considered for ice, mineral dust, sulfuric acid hydrate and nitric acid hydrate surfaces, which provide information upon which the recommendations are made.
Water and Radioactive Tracer Flow in a Heterogeneous Field‐Scale System

A coupled field‐scale aquifer pumping and water infiltration test was conducted at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory in order to evaluate subsurface water and contaminant transport processes in a heterogeneous flow system. The test included an aquifer pumping test to determine the storage properties of the aquifer and the state of confinement of the aquifer (∼190 m below land surface), and a vadose zone infiltration test to determine vertical moisture and radioactive tracer migration rates. Pump test results indicated that the Snake River Plain Aquifer was locally unconfined with a transmissivity ranging from 5.57 × 105 to 9.29 × 104 m2day. Moisture monitoring with neutron probes indicated that infiltrating water was initially transported vertically through the upper basalt layer of the vadose zone, primarily through fractures and rubble zones, at an average rate of 5 m/day (based on vertical distance traveled and first arrival of water at the monitoring points). Analysis of breakthrough curves for a conservative tracer allowed estimation of the arrival of the peak concentration and yielded an average velocity of 1 m/day. The migration velocities from the neutron probe and tracer tests are in good agreement given the scale of the test and difference in analysis techniques. None of the data sets showed a correlation between migration velocity (arrival time) and distance from the point source, but they strongly indicate preferential flow through discrete fractures. Upon reaching the first continuous sedimentary interbed layer in the basalt formation, water flow was diverted laterally along the interbed surface where it spread outward in primarily three areas corresponding to topographic lows on the interbed surface, and slowly infiltrated into the interbed. The nonpredictable movement of water and tracer through specific fractures underlying the site suggests that a priori prediction of trans‐missive fractures in this media is not possible. Results do suggest that the continuous sedimentary interbed layers, in general, impede vertical water flow and contaminant migration.
Slip vectors and fault mechanics in the Makran Accretionary Wedge, southwest Pakistan

The Makran is a broadly east–west trending arcuate accretionary wedge currently forming where the oceanic floor of the Gulf of Oman is being subducted north-northeastward beneath the south Asian margin. Two traverses across the Makran Coast Ranges, extending about 80 km inland from the coastline (which lies about 100 km north of the wedge front), show that the structure of this region is dominated by large back-rotated south directed thrust faults and associated folds. Related structures include duplexes, fault gouge containing Reidel shears, and melange along fault zones. These structures are cut by later north directed backthrusts, out-of-sequence south directed thrusts, and apparently conjugate sets of NNE trending sinistral and NW trending dextral strike-slip faults. Slip vectors were determined from slickenlines, fiber lineations, gouge fabrics, and Riedel shears. Vectors from early thrusts and bedding-parallel slip surfaces, corrected for tectonic rotation, form a broad south directed concentration lying between the normal to the regional strike (varying from 160° to 180°) and the present plate convergence vector (200°). Locally, the concentration is bimodal. This pattern may represent the interaction between plate forces and body forces in the accretionary wedge. The late thrusts have widely variable slip vectors and stair-step off the early thrusts. They overlap in orientation and slip vector with gently dipping sinistral strike-slip faults, suggesting that they also stair-step in plan off the latter. The steep strike-slip faults represent the final tectonic stage, involving minor N-S shortening and longitudinal extension. These three stages probably occurred in sequence in any one area but migrated diachronously southward as the wedge grew.
Algorithms for finding and proving balanced Q2 identities

This paper has three major parts: (1) A search algorithm is presented for finding mod 2 identities involving certain sums of products of the the familiar quintuple product in one variable, called balanced Q identities. The method involves row reduction of large matrices whose columns contain the mod series coefficients of the Q terms. The fact that the search is finite is based on an invariant conjecture. These mod 2 identities are lifted to integer equations by forcing the appropriate signs. All such tentative Q identities can be written as T 2 identities, where T is the familiar triple product of Jacobi. (2) A proof algorithm is presented, where the truth of a tentative T 2 identity is ascertained by expressing that identity as a linear combination of several (true) identities obtained by correctly choosing the values in a fundamental six parameter formula. (3) A massive implementation of both the search algorithm and the proof algorithm is discussed, including data, statistics, pitfalls, and an elaboration of some of the new identities found, including several infinite parametric families of four term Q identities. –Dedicated to our friend Ron Graham
Structure-Preserving Low Multilinear Rank Approximation of Antisymmetric Tensors

This paper is concerned with low multilinear rank approximations to antisymmetric tensors, that is, multivariate arrays for which the entries change sign when permuting pairs of indices. We show which ranks can be attained by an antisymmetric tensor and discuss the adaption of existing approximation algorithms to preserve antisymmetry, most notably a Jacobi algorithm. Particular attention is paid to the important special case when choosing the rank equal to the order of the tensor. It is shown that this case can be addressed with an unstructured rank-$1$ approximation. This allows for the straightforward application of the higher-order power method, for which we discuss effective initialization strategies.
A new relationship between radar cross-section and ocean surface wind speed using ERS-t scatterometer and buoy measurements

Abstract The ERS–I spacecraft scatterometer, C-band VV polarization, acquired radar cross-section measurements over the global oceans during 1992 and 1993. We investigate the cross-section dependence on mean wind speed U using collocated buoys within ±25km of the scatterometer cells. These collocated measurements result in over 75000 matches in two diITerent oceanic regions. The buoys measure hourly mean wind speeds from 0·2–10 mS 1 and 0·2–18ms -1 in the equatorial Pacific Ocean and at mid-latitudes off the North American coasts, respectively. We present experimental evidence for a new and compact exponential model dependence on wind speed. The previously used power–law form inadequately characterizes the cross-section measurements based on a single index over a large wind speed range. The cross-sectional slope varies from about zero dB/ms-1 at high wind speeds U=18ms -1 and small incidence angles 0=20° to about 1·3dB/ms -1 at low wind speeds U=3ms -1 and large incidence angles, 0=55°. The CMOD4 model si.
A MEASURE OF SIMILARITY BETWEEN GRAPH VERTICES . WITH APPLICATIONS TO SYNONYM EXTRACTION AND WEB SEARCHING

Abstract. We introduce a concept of similarity between vertices of directed graphs. Let GA and GB be two directed graphs with respectively nA and nB vertices. We define a nA × nB similarity matrix S whose real entry sij expresses how similar vertex i (in GA) is to vertex j (in GB) : we say that sij is their similarity score. In the special case where GA = GB = G, the score sij is the similarity score between the vertices i and j of G and the square similarity matrix S is the self-similarity matrix of the graph G. We point out that Kleinberg’s “hub and authority” method to identify webpages relevant to a given query can be viewed as a special case of our definition in the case where one of the graphs has two vertices and a unique directed edge between them. In analogy to Kleinberg, we show that our similarity scores are given by the components of a dominant vector of a non-negative matrix and we propose a simple iterative method to compute them. Potential applications of our similarity concept are manifold and we illustrate one application for the automatic extraction of synonyms in a monolingual dictionary.
Compensated Compactness, Separately Convex Functions and Interpolatory Estimates between Riesz Transforms and Haar Projections

We prove sharp interpolatory estimates between directional Haar projections and Riesz Transforms. We apply those to prove a conjecture of L. Tartar that arose within the theory of compensated compactness. To provide a frame of reference for the analytical estimates addressed in this paper we briefly review the core ideas of compensated compactness as developed by Murat and Tartar.