Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ports in Proximity: Competition and Coordination among Adjacent Seaports

Contents: Preface Introduction, Theo E. Notteboom, CA(c)sar Ducruet and Peter W. de Langen Part I Conceptualization of Ports in Proximity: Revisiting inter-port relationships under the new economic geography research framework, CA(c)sar Ducruet, Theo E. Notteboom and Peter W. de Langen Ports in proximity, proximity in ports: towards a typology, Peter V. Hall and Wouter Jacobs Port regions and globalization, CA(c)sar Ducruet Path dependency and contingency in the development of multi-port gateway regions and multi-port hub regions, Theo E. Notteboom. Part II The Governance of Ports in Proximity: Proximity and port governance, Brian Slack, Elisabeth Gouvernal and Jean Debrie Regional integration and maritime range, Arnaud Lemarchand and Olivier Joly Does the EU port policy strategy encompass 'proximity'? , Athanasios A. Pallis and Patrick Verhoeven. Part III The North-American Case: Corridors and Gateways: Gateways are more than ports: the Canadian example of cooperation among stakeholders, Robert J. McCalla Port-hinterland divergence along the North-American eastern seaboard, Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Changqian Guan Competitiveness of green gateways: a blueprint for Canada, Claude Comtois and Brian Slack. Part IV The European Case: Coordination in a Competitive Market: A best practice in cross-border port cooperation: Copenhagen MalmA port, Peter W. de Langen and Michiel H. Nijdam rethinking proximity: new opportunities for port development. The case of Dunkirk, Antoine FrA(c)mont and ValA(c)rie Lavaud-Letilleul Italian port authorities approaching the post-reform: the Liguran case, Claudia Caballini, Laura Carpaneto and Francesco Parola A geographical perspective on port performance in the United Kingdom, 1999a "2007, Anthony Beresford and Stephen Pettit External influences on the Humber estuary ports, the largest concentration of activity in the UK, John Mangan, Amy Proctor and David Gibbs. Part V The Asian Case: Major Changes in Port Systems' Hierarchies: Port competition paradigms and Japanese port clusters, Masato Shinohara Port challenge in Northeast Asia: Korea's 2-hub port strategy, Sung-Woo Lee and Geun-Sub Kim Hong Kong in transition from a hub port city to a global supply chain management centre, James J. Wang List of references Index.
Bilateral breast adenocarcinomas with EML4–ALK fusion in a patient with multiple metastases successfully treated with crizotinib: is lung the primary site?

Breast metastases from non-mammary cancers are rare, especially when they appear synchronously. Clinically, it is vitally important to accurately diagnose these patients, as this will directly influence their treatment and survival. We present a very rare and complex case of bilateral breast adenocarcinomas with an EML4–ALK fusion, which was diagnosed as bilateral breast metastases of non-small-cell lung cancer by immunohistochemistry and comprehensive genomic investigation. The patient was successfully treated with an ALK inhibitor (crizotinib); symptoms improved quickly after initiation of crizotinib therapy, and a partial response was observed after 3 months. The experience of diagnosis and treatment of this case indicates the importance and necessity of genomic investigations in such patients, and suggests that we need to consider the rare possibility of this kind of metastasis in order to provide optimal treatment.
Central venous catheter removal versus in situ treatment in neonates with coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia.

OBJECTIVE To determine how often neonates with coagulase-negative staphylococcal (CONS) bacteremia can be treated successfully without removing the central venous catheter (CVC). METHODS A cohort study of CONS bacteremia and CVCs was conducted in infants in a neonatal intensive care unit in a 5-year period (1994 through 1998). CONS bacteremia was defined as at least two positive blood cultures within 3 days of each other. RESULTS Fifty-six infants had early removal CVC (ER-CVC) within 3 days, and 63 infants had late removal CVC (LR-CVC) >3 days after the first positive blood culture. All cases of CONS bacteremia were treated with vancomycin. There was no significant difference between infants in the ER-CVC and LR-CVC groups in terms of recurrence of bacteremia or case fatalities. CONS bacteremia of >3 days duration was more frequent in LR-CVC patients than ER-CVC patients: 43% vs. 13% (relative risk, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 7.2). CONS bacteremia was successfully treated without CVC removal in 46% of LR-CVC cases. Seventy-nine percent of LR-CVC cases with CONS bacteremia lasting 1 or 2 days were treated successfully without CVC removal. The success rate decreased to 44% with a 3- to 4-day duration of bacteremia. None of 19 infants with CONS bacteremia lasting >4 days was treated successfully until CVCs were removed. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged CONS bacteremia was avoided by early removal of CVCs. Retention of CVCs was successful in 46% of neonates with CONS bacteremia in whom it was attempted, but it was never successful if bacteremia lasted >4 days.
A comparative study of awareness methods for peer‐to‐peer distributed virtual environments

The increasing popularity of multi‐player online games is leading to the widespread use of large‐scale Distributed Virtual Environments (DVEs) nowadays. In these systems, peer‐to‐peer (P2P) architectures have been proposed as an efficient and scalable solution for supporting massively multi‐player applications. However, the main challenge for P2P architectures consists of providing each avatar with updated information about which other avatars are its neighbors. This problem is known as the awareness problem. In this paper, we propose a comparative study of the performance provided by those awareness methods that are supposed to fully solve the awareness problem. This study is performed using well‐known performance metrics in distributed systems. Moreover, while the evaluations shown in the literature are performed by executing P2P simulations on a single (sequential) computer, this paper evaluates the performance of the considered methods on actually distributed systems. The evaluation results show that only a single method actually provides full awareness to avatars. This method also provides the best performance results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zroznicowanie zespolu jaworzyny gorskiej z jezycznikiem Phyllitido-Aceretum w Polsce

BODZIARCZYK, J. 2002. Phytosociological differentiation of Phyllitido-Aceretum community in Poland. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica Polonica 9: 187-218. Krakow. PL ISSN 1640- 629X. ABSTRACT: Numerical classification of 114 releves from Poland showed clear geographical dif- ferentiation of Phyllitido-Aceretum Moor 1952 community. Three main geographical races were described: the first from uplands, the second from the Pieniny and Beskidy Mts and the third from the Bieszczady Mts. Upland race was divided into poor form with Fagus sylvatica and more fertile form with Tilia platyphyllos. In the second race two regional variants were distnguished, the first from the Pieniny Mts with big share of Abies alba and the second from the Beskidy Mts. In the Pieniny Mts variant with Cardamine impatiens was additionally distinguished as the most dynamic and rich in species community. The results of the study supplied new data on differen- tiation of Phyllitido-Aceretum in Poland and confirmed earlier findings about geographical diver- sity of this association.
Three of a kind? The special case of Australia's Island Councils

In common with many other countries, Australian local government policymakers have focussed heavily on improving financial sustainability and operational efficiency through structural change and other modes of systemic reform. However, this system-wide approach cannot adequately deal with small island councils due to their sui generis characteristics. In an effort to fill this gap in the literature, this article examines the financial sustainability of Australia’s three island councils – Flinders, Kangaroo and King – over the period 2008–2013 in order to determine whether alternative organisational arrangements may be better suited to their unique circumstances. In so doing, our study contributes to the literature by providing the first empirical analysis of the financial viability of Australia’s island councils while considering the need for an alternative organisation entity in an effort to enhance their long-term financial sustainability.
Understanding the Volatility of the Canadian Exchange Rate

In this Commentary, we document the nature of the Bank of Canada’s current monetary policy regime by focusing on the following questions: what are the historical determinants of the Canadian–US dollar nominal exchange rate, and can they be used in real-time forecasting applications? We find that the current real exchange rate is more useful than commodity prices for forecasting changes in the nominal exchange rate. In fact, short-run forecasts based on the real exchange rate are as good as random-walk forecasts according to which the future exchange rate is expected to be the same as today’s. Strikingly, medium- and long-run forecasts based on the real exchange rate are superior to random-walk forecasts. We argue that these findings reflect the fact Bank of Canada and the U.S. Federal Reserve System follow similar inflation-targeting regimes and neither actively manages exchange rates. A fundamental question is whether Canadian policymakers are satisfied with the current inflationtargeting regime. A cost of the current regime is that it allows for very volatile nominal and real exchange rates. A benefit is that consumers and firms can avoid many of the changes in prices and wages that would be required if the nominal exchange rate did not adjust in a flexible manner. In this Commentary, we take no stand on the merits of the current regime. Instead, we highlight the tradeoffs that policymakers face. Evaluating the costs and benefits of those tradeoffs should play an important role in the process leading to the Bank of Canada’s next five-year agreement with the government.
Assessment of stress in the inclusion of nursing students in hospital practice.

OBJECTIVE To verify the presence of stress among undergraduate nursing students in different stages of hospital practice. METHOD Descriptive, cross-sectional study addressing 86 nursing students in their 6th, 7th, and 9th semesters in 2011. An instrument developed by Costa and Polak for the Assessment of Stress Among Nursing Students was used. It is composed of six domains: performance of practical activities, professional communication, time management, environment, professional training, and theoretical activity. RESULTS Most participants were women (95%) and the average age was 23 years old. A total of 84% of students passed the program's courses and 91% participated in extracurricular activities. Stressors are present during the entire program but intensify when students are introduced to care practice with an emphasis on the domain of professional training; related stress was high in all the semesters. The scores concerning the practical activity domain were higher only in the 6th semester. There were statistically significant levels at 0.01 and 0.10 in the difference in the averages in the domains of training and time management, respectively, between the semesters. As the students advance in the program, scores obtained in the domains presented by AEEE change. As stress can interfere in the performance and learning of nursing students, coping strategies should be devised to enable them to deal with stress during the program.
Extra Lives: Why Video Games Matter

No parece sorprender a nadie el silencio que suele imponerse a la hora de ubicar el videojuego en una perspectiva crítica. El fenómeno puede interpretarse, en gran medida, como índice del lógico desarrollo de una cultura popular consolidada según los principios industriales del capitalismo; aquella sobre la que Theodor Adorno y Max Horkheimer vertieron acusaciones como la, tan certera, de que el régimen industrial que la hacía posible se afanaba en negar la condición artística de sus “productos”, porque afirmarla sólo reducía su rentabilidad.
Simulation numérique de la trempe à l'eau d'une pièce forgée de grande dimension : effet de la macroségrégation et de la taille des grains

La presence des heterogeneites chimique, appelee macrosegregation, et la variation de la taille de grains sont deux defauts principaux qu’on observe dans des blocs d’aciers de grandes dimensions. Ces defauts influencent grandement la microstructure, en particulier la proportion des phases, qui ultimement determine la severite de la distorsion de la piece finale ainsi que ses proprietes mecaniques. Afin de reduire le taux de non-conformite dans les pieces produites, il est important de quantifier l’impact des variations de la composition chimique et taille de grain sur la proportion des phases formees lors de la trempe. Dans ce projet, l’effet de la variation en composition chimique et taille de grains sur l’evolution de la microstructure lors de la trempe d’un bloc d’acier de grandes dimensions a ete predit en utilisant le logiciel de simulation par elements finis, Forge® NxT 1,1. Actuellement, ce genre de simulation n’est peu ou pas encore applique aux lingots de grandes dimensions. Une nouvelle methode pour la simulation des lingots de grandes tailles ayant une composition heterogene et taille de grains differentes est proposee. Il est montre que la macrosegregation et la variation de la taille de grains ont un impact significatif sur le temps de debut et de fin de transformation ainsi que la fraction volumique des phases. La validation des resultats de simulation a ete effectuee sur des eprouvettes prises a differentes localisations (surface, quart et coeur) du bloc d’acier etudie. Des tests de dilatometrie et diffraction des rayons X ont ete utilises afin de determiner la fraction volumique de la martensite, bainite et d'austenite residuelle pour chaque condition experimentale. Les resultats de la simulation ont ete compares aux donnees experimentales.
Sailing in Rough Water: Market Volatility and Corporate Finance

This paper examines how market volatility affects corporate financing transactions. Firms face substantial uncertainty with respect to the price, demand, and aftermarket costs associated with raising public capital. The ability to hedge this risk effectively is critical to the efficient financing of firms' capital needs. Using monthly U.S. equity-related financing transactions from 1970 to 1998, I find that market volatility dampens financing transactions, particularly among small or unseasoned firms. Periods of above-normal market volatility are associated with a significant 13 percent decline in the frequency of IPO transactions and a 21 percent decline in the number of IPO dollars raised. Increased market volatility generates greater underwriting fees, but does not affect IPO underpricing. The findings are most consistent with Mandelker and Raviv's (1977) model of costly distribution risk-bearing.
Modélisation et analyse mathématique de problèmes d'interaction fluide-structure

Cette these traite des problemes d'interaction fluide-structure. Deux familles de problemes sont presentees : l'interaction entre une structure elastique et un fluide incompressible et l'interaction entre une structure elastique et un fluide compressible. La structure est immergee dans le fluide et l'ensemble evolue dans une cavite fixe bornee. Le mouvement du solide se compose d'un mouvement rigide (translation et rotation) et d'un mouvement elastique. Dans l'equation du mouvement solide, on ajoute un terme qui regularise la deformation elastique. Apres avoir justifie le modele etudie, on montre des resultats d'existence de solutions faibles definies tant qu'il n'y a pas de chocs entre la structure et la paroi de la cavite et tant que des conditions de non-interpenetration et de preservation de l'orientation du solide sont satisfaites.
Likelihood-Ratio-Based Confidence Sets for the Timing of Structural Breaks

We propose the use of likelihood‐ratio‐based confidence sets for the timing of structural breaks in parameters from time series regression models. The confidence sets are valid for the broad setting of a system of multivariate linear regression equations under fairly general assumptions about the error and regressors, and allowing for multiple breaks in mean and variance parameters. In our asymptotic analysis, we determine the critical values for a likelihood ratio test of a break date and the expected length of a confidence set constructed by inverting the likelihood ratio test. Notably, the likelihood‐ratio‐based confidence sets are more precise than other confidence sets considered in the literature. Monte Carlo analysis confirms their greater precision in finite samples, including in terms of maintaining accurate coverage even when the sample size or magnitude of a break is small. An application to postwar U.S. real gross domestic product and consumption leads to a shorter 95% confidence set for the timing of the “Great Moderation” in the mid‐1980s than previously found in the literature. Furthermore, when taking co‐integration between output and consumption into account, confidence sets for structural break dates become even shorter and suggest a “productivity growth slowdown” in the early 1970s and an additional large, abrupt decline in long‐run growth in the mid‐1990s.
Shades of grey : community responses to chronic environmental lead contamination in Broken Hill, New South Wales

Lead contamination is one of an extensive list of chronic environmental hazards which are being faced by an increasing number of communities worldwide. The potential biophysical effects of young children's exposure to relatively low levels of lead are widely recognised. In response to this awareness, policies and programs are being designed and implemented with the aim of reducing potential lead exposure. In addition to their significance for children's biophysical health, the success of these policies also have implications for the well-being of the children, families, and communities involved. This thesis argues that an understanding of the ways in which communities respond to environmental lead contamination is important for the development and implementation of appropriate interventions. This thesis examines community responses to chronic environmental lead contamination in Broken Hill, Australia, a community which is also dealing with mining industry retrenchments. It examines the nature of cognitive and behavioural coping responses, and the resulting effects on the health and well-being of the community and community members. It also examines how responses to the retrenchments interact with the community responses to lead contamination in a cumulative manner, and how mediating factors interact with the community response process. In order to shed light on this complex process, this interdisciplinary study draws together environmental stress and coping, social impact assessment, public health, and community responses to environmental contamination theory. Fieldwork conducted over nine months during six visits included the use of participant ob~ervation and in-depth interviews with parents with young children, retrenched workers and their families, and other Broken Hill residents. Interviews were also held with representatives of organisations. The research method proved to be useful for meeting the research aim, and for respecting research participants and the sensitive nature of the research topic.
A Wind Dependent Desert Aerosol Model: Radiative Properties

Abstract : This report presents a desert aerosol model that predicts aerosol radiative properties during background and severe dust storm conditions. The model treats the desert aerosol as an external mixture of natural carbon, water soluble and sand particles. The sand consists of two kinds of particles, pure quartz and quartz contaminated with a small amount of hematite. Mie calculations are performed using different size distributions and indices of refraction for each type of particle, and then a volume-weighting scheme is used to obtain the radiative properties of the aerosol as a whole. Attenuation coefficients, single scattering albedo and asymmetry parameter are given for 68 wavelengths between 0.2 and 300 micro. The results indicate that extinction is wavelength dependent for background conditions, but increases and becomes nearly constant for dust storm conditions. Indices of refraction, Desert aerosol, Aerosol modeling, Single scattering albedo, Radiative transfer, Optical properties.
Gastrointestinal injury associated with NSAiD use: a case study and review of risk factors and preventative strategies

: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents and are among the most commonly used classes of medications worldwide. However, their use has been associated with potentially serious dose-dependent gastrointestinal (GI) complications such as upper GI bleeding. GI complications resulting from NSAID use are among the most common drug side effects in the United States, due to the widespread use of NSAIDs. The risk of upper GI complications can occur even with short-term NSAID use, and the rate of events is linear over time with continued use. Although gastroprotective therapies are available, they are underused, and patient and physician awareness and recognition of some of the factors influencing the development of NSAID-related upper GI complications are limited. Herein, we present a case report of a patient experiencing a gastric ulcer following NSAID use and examine some of the risk factors and potential strategies for prevention of upper GI mucosal injuries and associated bleeding following NSAID use. These risk factors include advanced age, previous history of GI injury, and concurrent use of medications such as anticoagulants, aspirin, corticosteroids, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Strategies for prevention of GI injuries include anti-secretory agents, gastroprotective agents, alternative NSAID formulations, and nonpharmacologic therapies. Greater awareness of the risk factors and potential therapies for GI complications resulting from NSAID use could help improve outcomes for patients requiring NSAID treatment.
The Carbon Cycle: Simple Ocean Carbon Cycle Models

Simple ocean carbon cycle models can be used to calculate the rate at which the oceans are likely to absorb CO{sub 2} from the atmosphere. For problems involving steady-state ocean circulation, well calibrated ocean models produce results that are very similar to results obtained using general circulation models. Hence, simple ocean carbon cycle models may be appropriate for use in studies in which the time or expense of running large scale general circulation models would be prohibitive. Simple ocean models have the advantage of being based on a small number of explicit assumptions. The simplicity of these ocean models facilitates the understanding of model results.
Collection-5 MODIS Land Surface Temperature Products Users' Guide

This document is a living document that describes the Collection-5 MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) products. It is revised as progress is made in the development and assessment of the LST products. Described is the current state of the MODIS LST products. The purpose of the document is to give the potential user of LST products an understanding of the MODIS LST products and the data in those products. The MODIS LST products MOD11_L2, MOD11A1, and MOD11B1 have been validated at stage 1 with in situ measurements in more than 50 clear-sky cases in the temperature range from-10 o C to 58 o C and the column water vapor range of 0.4-4cm, most of them presented in published papers (Wan et al. More validation activities are under way. Please use the March 2006 version of the Users' Guide for the descriptions of V4 Terra MODIS LST products (named starting with MOD11) and V4 Aqua MODIS LST products (named starting with MYD11).