Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal Work, Child Feeding, and Nutrition in Rural Tanzania

There has been an increasing interest among researchers in the relationship between women’s working conditions in developing nations and the nutrition of their children. The concern is that women’s participation in production activities may have negative consequences for the nutritional well-being of their children, the assumption being that if they are active in production they have less time to spend on child care and feeding. Most of the research on this issue has examined women wage earners working outside their homes [1, 2]. but it has been argued that women working in agricultural production on their own farms also may not have enough time for child care. This is particularly a problem for African women who have a heavy workload in agriculture [3]. Some researchers, however. have demonstrated positive effects of women’s work on child nutrition [4, 5]. These effects may be even more pronounced when women are working in food production. since household food availability may he affected more directly. Thus. there appear to he opposing effects of women’s agricultural work: one is the negative effect of time constraints on child care and feeding; the other is a positive effect on household food availability, which may influence child feeding and nutrition in a positive way. We examined both of these lines of argument in a study in an area of Tanzania characterized by a net surplus of food and. at the same time, a fairly high frequency of child malnutrition [6]. The study focused on finding reasons for this apparently paradoxical situation. One hypothesis was that women’s lack of time for child care and feeding due to a heavy work load was one of the factors contributing to child malnutrition. A recent paper from this study [6] described the gender division of labour and men’s contribution to household food and nutrition. It also described some of the positive effects of women’s work on the food situation in the household. This paper examines in more detail the work that women are doing, and especially its possible negative effects on child feeding and nutrition. The study
Ability Grouping and Mathematics Education

Introduction Ability grouping in education has long been the subject of debate. The discussion is particularly relevant to middle and secondary mathematics education, as mathematics, more than any other subject, tends to be taught in homogeneously grouped classes (Loveless, 1998; Boaler, Dylan & Brown, 2000). Many studies of ability grouping have focused on questions of equity, and the negative effects on children who are taught in low-ability classes (Slavin 1990; Oakes, 1995). Other studies have found that some grouping systems have benefits for learners (Kulik & Kulik, 1992). This paper focuses on the effect on students of ability grouping in mathematics classes, and what the implications of such groupings are for education in New Zealand.
A multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial on REmote iSchemic conditioning In patients with acute STroke (RESIST) – Rationale and study design

Rationale Remote ischaemic conditioning, applied in the prehospital setting and continued in-hospital, may improve functional outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage. Aims To evaluate whether combined remote ischaemic per- and postconditioning can improve long-term functional outcome in acute ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage patients. Methods and design Danish multicentre, prospective, randomised, patient-assessor blinded, sham-controlled study. Adult patients with a putative stroke identified prehospital with symptom duration <4 h, who are independent in daily activities will be randomised 1:1 to remote ischaemic conditioning or Sham-remote ischaemic conditioning. The treatment protocol will be five cycles, each consisting of 5 min with a blood pressure cuff inflation and 5 min with a deflated cuff placed on the upper extremity. The cuff pressure for remote ischaemic conditioning will be 200 mmHg–285 mmHg according to the individual systolic blood pressure and 20 mmHg sham-remote ischaemic conditioning during inflation. The study is approved as an acute study and consent is waived in the acute phase. Sample size estimation: For a 7% increased odds for a beneficial shift on the modified Rankin Scale at a significance level of 5% and power of 90%, 1000 patients with a target diagnosis of acute ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage and a total of 1500 patients with a prehospital presumed stroke will be included. Study outcomes: The primary outcome will be the modified Rankin Scale score measured at three-month follow-up (analysed using ordinal logistic regression). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03481777.
Relación entre hemólisis con la presencia y cuantificación de inmunoglobulinas en hematíes, en la anemia hemolítica autoinmune Relation between hemolysis with presence and quantification of immunoglobulin in red blood cells in cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A group of 135 patients was studied: 111 adults and 24 children presenting hot autoimmune hemolytic anemia (HAIHA) The erythrocyte characterization and the number of immunoglobulin molecules by red blood cells was determined by ELISA. In 51 patients the pattern of IgG subclasses was investigated. The hemolysis intensity was classified by the hemoglobin concentration, the reticulocytes count and the figures of plasma haptoglobin. In
Calculation of isoeffective doses and the α /β value by comparing results following radiosurgery and radiotherapy for arteriovenous malformations of the brain

Object The authors sought to assess the relationship between obliteration rate and different dose parameters following fractionated radiotherapy for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). A comparison of the results of radiosurgery and radiotherapy for AVMs was made to calculate the best fit α/β value, which would then be used as a model for predicting the treatment outcome, independent of the number of fractions applied. Methods Data from 1453 patients were analyzed: 1154 treated with radiosurgery and 300 with fractionated radiotherapy. The relationships between dose and obliteration rate after 3 years were calculated, and the best fit curve to the empirical results was defined. The higher the dose per fraction, biologically effective dose, and the lower the total dose, the higher the obliteration rate. The isoeffective doses when comparing radiotherapy and radiosurgery independent of the α/β value could not be defined. The dose per fraction had the best predictive value, independent of the number of fracti.
Long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and risk factors for cardiovascular disease within a cohort of older men in Perth

While there is clear evidence that high levels of pollution are associated with increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, the biological mechanisms that would explain this association are less understood. We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Air pollutant concentrations were estimated at place of residence for cohort members in the Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing Health in Men Study. Blood samples and blood pressure measures were taken for a cohort of 4249 men aged 70 years and above between 2001 and 2004. We examined the association between 1-year average pollutant concentrations with blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and total homocysteine. Linear regression analyses were carried out, with adjustment for confounding, as well as an assessment of potential effect modification. The four pollutants examined were fine particulate matter, black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. We found that a 2.25 μg/m3 higher exposure to fine particulate matter was associated with a 1.1 percent lower high-density cholesterol (95% confidence interval: -2.4 to 0.1) and 4.0 percent higher serum triglycerides (95% confidence interval: 1.5 to 6.6). Effect modification of these associations by diabetes history was apparent. We found no evidence of an association between any of the remaining risk factors or biomarkers with measures of outdoor air pollution. These findings indicate that long-term PM2.5 exposure is associated with elevated serum triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol. This requires further investigation to determine the reasons for this association.
Randomized controlled trial combining constraint-induced movement therapy and action-observation training in unilateral cerebral palsy: clinical effects and influencing factors of treatment response

Introduction: Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) improves upper limb (UL) motor execution in unilateral cerebral palsy (uCP). As these children also show motor planning deficits, action-observation training (AOT) might be of additional value. Here, we investigated the combined effect of AOT to CIMT and identified factors influencing treatment response. Methods: A total of 44 children with uCP (mean 9 years 6 months, SD 1 year 10 months) participated in a 9-day camp wearing a splint for 6 h/day and were allocated to the CIMT + AOT (n = 22) and the CIMT + placebo group (n = 22). The CIMT + AOT group received 15 h of AOT (i.e. video-observation) and executed the observed tasks, whilst the CIMT + AOT group watched videos free of biological motion and executed the same tasks. The primary outcome measure was bimanual performance. Secondary outcomes included measures of body function and activity level assessed before (T1), after the intervention (T2), and at 6 months follow-up (T3). Influencing factors included behavioural and neurological characteristics. Results: Although no between-groups differences were found (p > 0.05; η2 = 0–16), the addition of AOT led to higher gains in children with initially poorer bimanual performance (p = 0.02; η2 = 0.14). Both groups improved in all outcome measures after the intervention and retained the gains at follow up (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.02–0.71). Poor sensory function resulted in larger improvements in the total group (p = 0.03; η2 = 0.25) and high amounts of mirror movements tended to result in a better response to the additional AOT training (p = 0.06; η2 = 0.18). Improvements were similar irrespective of the type of brain lesion or corticospinal tract wiring pattern. Conclusions: Adding AOT to CIMT, resulted in a better outcome for children with poor motor function and high amounts of mirror movements. CIMT with or without AOT seems to be more beneficial for children with poor sensory function. Trial registration: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 22nd August 2017 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03256357).
Effect of periodontal therapy on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic periodontitis with the evaluation of HbA1c

Context: In the recent years, a two-way correlation has been postulated between periodontitis and systemic conditions. One such condition is diabetes mellitus (DM). Several studies have demonstrated a close relationship between DM and chronic periodontitis. Aims: To assess the effect of periodontal therapy and scaling and root planing (SRP) on the metabolic control in type 2 DM patients with chronic periodontitis based on the estimation of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Settings and Design: A prospective, comparative, clinical study was performed on 50 patients suffering from type 2 DM with moderate, generalized chronic periodontitis. The study period was 6 months. Type 2 moderately controlled diabetic patients with glycated hemoglobin values within the range of 6-8% were selected. Patients with major diabetic complications, history of any antibiotic intake or periodontal treatment within the last 4 months, and smoking habits were excluded. Materials and Methods: The parameters recorded were gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and glycated hemoglobin. The recordings were done at baseline and 6 months after scaling and root planing procedures. HbA1c was measured by NycoCard Reader. Statistical Analysis Used: Karl-Pearson coefficient test, Z-test, and paired t-test. Results: Reductions in all the clinical parameters were observed and were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.005). Conclusions: Scaling and root planing resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the clinical parameters and HbA1c. So, periodontal treatment should be included in the management of diabetic patients.
The Relationships of the Unisex Edition of the ACT Interest Inventory (UNIACT) and Selected Variables to Grade Point Average in a Professional Pharmacy Program

Pharmacy school administrators have been interested for some time in selection procedures for admitting students most likely to succeed academically. They have used variables such as aptitude tests, psychological examinations, interest tests, and grade point averages to try to predict this success. Scores on the American College Test (ACT), Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), and Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) and high school and college grade point averages are among those variables that have been investigated as predictors of academic success in schools of pharmacy (15). Several studies found that aptitude tests had some predictive
Health and safety aspects of textile workers from Solapur (India) textile industries

Introduction: Textile sector in India plays an important role in the country's economy, providing employment to a significant population in rural and urban areas. Objectives: This paper focuses on health and safety aspects of textile workers in Solapur City (one of the key textile cluster) in the state of Maharashtra, India. Methodology: A sample of 180 workers from the identified textile industries of Solapur city were assessed for their generalphysique, muscle tone, lung condition, and eyesight using different techniques. The study aimed at developing a framework for understanding risks to textile workers resulting from lack of health and safety standards in companies. Results: Findings showed that most of the workers have been affected by respiratory problems, increase in muscle tone, eye problems and musculoskeletal problem. It has been also observed that job security or regular work impacts positively to the worker’s long term body health. However, there is an immediate need to adopt and implement measures in accordance with Indian Factories Act (OHSAS 18001/ILO-OSH 2001) which includes directions and procedures in respect of industrial installations, work environment and occupational health and safety guidelines.
Alcohol use disorders in Europe: A comparison of general population and primary health care prevalence rates

Abstract Aims. Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are prevalent in Europe but occurrence in primary care and the proportion of treated cases are understudied. This study reports prevalence of AUDs and their treatment in European primary health care settings and compares them with general population estimates. Procedure. We sampled 358 general practitioners (GPs, refusal rate: 56.4%) across six European countries (Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Poland, and Spain) who assessed 13,003 patients including providing AUD diagnoses. A subsample of 8,476 patients (refusal rate: 17.8%) was interviewed subsequently, assessing DSM-IV AUD diagnoses via the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Final AUD diagnoses combined GP and patient interview information. Findings. Past year AUDs were prevalent with 11.8% (95% CI: 11.2–12.5%) across all regions, which is 1.6 times the European general population AUD estimate. Of those diagnosed with AUDs, 17.7% (95% CI: 15.4–20.0%) received professional help. Compared to general population estimates, AUDs and their treatment were more prevalent in primary care settings in most countries, with disproportionally high AUD rates in Italy and Spain and unexpectedly low AUD rates in Hungary. Conclusions. We found higher prevalence and treatment rates of AUDs in primary health care compared to general population surveys, with large variability between the observed countries.
Smoking Bans and Education in the Mississippi Delta

As awareness of the dangers of secondhand smoke has grown, jurisdictions around the United States have instituted a variety of measures to discourage smoking and to protect non-smokers. In Mississippi, to date, smoking is prohibited by law in state buildings, and various municipal governments have approved prohibitions on smoking in public places, including some in the Delta region in the northwestern corner of the state. Using data from two telephone surveys of 11 Delta counties, the effect of education on both smoking behavior and on support for a comprehensive smoking ban in the respondent's community are assessed. Completing college is associated with substantially lower rates of smoking and substantially higher support for a local smoking ban. The question of whether smoking bans have an educational effect and reduce smoking behavior is also addressed, although a clear link could not be established. Generally, support for smoking bans is strong in Delta counties, with over two-thirds of respondents at all educational levels indicating they favor a local smoking ban.
Students' Perceptions of Grammar Teaching and Learning in English Language Classrooms in Libya

The use of grammar teaching in the field of second language acquisition has been extensively studied, but there is a lacuna in the literature, regarding the students' perception of its importance. To investigate this aspect, the study was conducted on a group of 15 students studying in Semester Five, in the English Language Department of Misurata University, Libya. The students were interviewed in groups of three with nine specific questions, and the responses were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The findings revealed that although they all came from the same cultural, linguistic and educational backgrounds, they had different perceptions regarding the form focused instruction of grammar. The information gathered is of considerable significance to ESL teachers who intend to meet students' needs as well as reduce conflicts caused by different perspectives between teachers and students regarding whether or not grammar teaching should be encouraged in the classroom.
THE ETIOLOGY OF CHRONIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS: EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES WITH SUGGESTIONS FOR A MORE RATIONAL FORM OF TREATMENT

A year ago we believed we had isolated the organism responsible for at least a prominent part in the cause of chronic ulcerative colitis of the so-called idiopathic type.1 The organism was obtained with sterile swabs through the proctoscope from the depths of an ulcer of the colon, after the latter had been thoroughly cleansed by repeated washings and the top of the ulcer had been carefully wiped with a preliminary swab. Cultures of stools failed to yield the organism but in cultures of the rectal discharge of mucus, pus and blood it was often found as the vastly predominating bacterium. The material obtained was cultured immediately in warm dextrose brain broth,2blood agar and lactose agar and incubated for twenty-four hours. All mediums were titrated to apH 7.4. The organism isolated in this way as the predominating bacterium and often in pure cultures is a gram-positive, lancet shaped
Evaluation of positive serological screening test rates in blood donors with ABO and Rh type blood groups

Background: Blood transfusion is a life-saving method in emergencies. However, it also carries the risk of pathogen transmission, which is called transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs). All donated blood samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV), anti-human immunodeficiency virus antigens (anti-HIV½) and syphilis using Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test. This study was designed and carried out to determine the seroprevalences of TTIs among blood donors with different ABO and Rh blood groups. Identification of a relation between different blood groups and TTIs was anticipated. Methods: All blood donors data obtained from the Blood Center of Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital between January 2013 and October 2018 are analyzed retrospectively. Serum samples were examined for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV½, and VDRL. Results: HBsAg and anti-HIV½ positivity positivity rates were not statistically different according to ABO blood groups (p>0.05). Anti-HCV positivity rates are partially statistically significant (p<0.05). While the incidence of anti-HCV in patients with AB Rh (+) cases was significantly higher than that of 0 Rh (+), A Rh (+) and AB Rh (+) groups, no significant difference was found for the other analyzed blood groups (p>0.05). VDRL positivity rates did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Seropositive cases, as reported by Rh type blood group; HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV½, and VDRL positivity rates were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: No significant relationship was found among TTIs and ABO and Rh type blood groups. For blood transfusion safety, screening tests should always and carefully be performed.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH KNOWLEDGE REGARDING OVARIAN CANCER AND OVARIAN CANCER SCREENING AMONG FEMALE STAFF IN UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, MALAYSIA

ABSTRACT Background: Ovarian cancer counts as the 5 th most common cancer among women in Malaysia. Screening available does not cut down the fatality rates and usually detected at a late stage. Many vague risk factors were associated with ovarian cancer, causing late detection. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 217 female staff in Universiti Putra Malaysia from April to July 2015. Data were collected via self-administered questionnaire which was developed for this study. Chi-square test was used for data analyses. Result: The level of knowledge and attitude regarding ovarian cancer were poor with a value of 53.5% and 69.1% respondents respectively. The main source of information was books and magazines followed by newspapers and brochures. Significant associations found between level of knowledge regarding ovarian cancer with occupation (ρ<0.005) and family income (ρ<0.005). Significant associations were found between attitude level regarding ovarian cancer with occupation (ρ=0.001) and hormone replacement therapy use (ρ=0.016). Conclusion: Knowledge and attitude related to ovarian cancer were low among the female staff in Universiti Putra Malaysia. Targeted education should be implemented to improve level of knowledge among staffs. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Ovarian cancer