Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms controlling the microchemistry and composition of fish otoliths

Understanding the growth and composition of otoliths continues to be a fundamental challenge for chemists and biologists. Since the recognition of the daily increment pattern in the 1970s, there has been a growing interest in otolith microstructure. The purpose of my Ph.D. dissertation was to understand the mechanisms controlling otolith microchemistry and the factors affecting metal uptake in fish otoliths. In Chapter 2, I utilized chemical and spectroscopic analyses of vaterite and aragonite growth in sagittal otoliths of lake trout in an effort to better understand the crystalline growth process. I was also interested in learning about the elemental partitioning of metals. Chapter 3 investigated the nucleation of otoliths to determine how otoliths crystallized and if there was a catalyst that would help the crystallization. I also wanted to see how that affected elemental uptake. A preliminary study, conducted on walleye (Sander vitreus) endolymph and otolith composition is also included where the fractionation of metals is investigated. In Chapter 4, metal partitioning between otolith and endolymph of two freshwater species: lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and burbot (Lota lota) is studied. In this chapter I also analyzed blood and surface water to give new insights on the partitioning of metals between these filters. Lastly, Chapter 5 explored the turnover rates of barium and strontium in the blood, bones, whole bodies and otoliths of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) using enriched isotope tracers (strontium and barium). The ultimate goal of this research is to improve the ability of scientists to use otolith microchemical investigations for fisheries-related research and management.
Enhanced ethanol and glucosamine production from rice husk by NAOH pretreatment and fermentation by fungus Mucor hiemalis

Ethanol production from rice husk by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using Mucor hiemalis was investigated. To reach the maximum ethanol production yield, the most important influencing factors in the pretreatment process, including temperature (0-100°C), NaOH concentration (1-3 M), and the pretreatment time (30-180 min), were optimized using an experimental design by a response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum ethanol production yield of 86.7 % was obtained after fungal cultivation on the husk pretreated with 2.6 M NaOH at 67°C for 150 min. This was higher than the yield of 57.7% obtained using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as control. Furthermore, fermentation using M. hiemalis under the optimum conditions led to the production of a highly valuable fungal biomass, containing 60 g glucosamine (GlcN), 410 g protein, and 160 g fungal oil per each kg of the fungal biomass.
Leakless privacy-preserving multi-keyword ranked search over encrypted cloud data

Aim: During the last decade, various type of cloud services have encouraged individuals and enterprises to store personal data in the cloud. Despite its flexibility, cost efficiency, and convenient service, protecting security and privacy of the outsourced data has always been a primary challenge. Although data encryption retains the outsourced data’s security and privacy to some extent, it does not permit traditional plaintext keyword search mechanisms, and it comes at the cost of efficiency. Hence, proposing an efficient encrypted cloud data search service would be an important step forward. Related work focuses on single keyword search and even those which support multi-keyword search suffer from private information leakage. Methods: Our proposed method, employs the secure inner product similarity and our chaining encryption notion. The former helps to provide sufficient search accuracy and the latter yields the privacy requirements. Results: In this paper, we address the problem of leakless privacy-preserving multi-keyword ranked search over encrypted cloud data (LRSE), and our new contributions address challenging problems of search pattern, and cooccurrence information leakage in the cloud. Conclusion: Our security and performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme guarantees a high level of privacy/security and efficiency.
CLE DICHOTOMIQUE ET IDENTIFICATION DES TIQUES (Acari : Ixodidae) PARASITES DU BETAIL AU MAGHREB

The known fauna of livestock in the Maghreb consists of 15 established species. Five other species recorded seem to be introduced by imported animals. In this paper, dichotomous keys are given for species and subspecies of the genus Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis parasite of livestock in North Africa. For the ticks of the other genera which are represented by only one species, we provide an identification description. Notes on geographical distribution, host and period of activity are provided. RESUME Nous presentons dans ce travail une cle dichotomique pour l’identification des tiques adultes parasites du betail dans les pays de l’Afrique du Nord. Dans ces pays, la faune de tiques retrouvees sur le betail est formee essentiellement de 15 especes appartenant a 6 genres. D’autres especes, signalees rarement au Maghreb, semblent etre introduites par les animaux importes. Cette cle, qui est la synthese des descriptions bibliographiques auxquelles nous ajoutons nos propres observations, concerne les tiques du genre Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus et Haemaphysalis. Pour les autres genres representes par une seule espece au Maghreb, nous nous contentons uniquement de leur description. Enfin, pour chaque espece, nous presentons un apercu sur sa distribution, ses hotes et son activite.
ESTUDO DOS PARÂMETROS HEMATOLÓGICOS EM FRANGOS DE CORTE

STUDY OF THE HAEMATOGOGICAL PARAMETERS IN BROILERS. The use of hematology and blood chemistry represents a tool of great usefulness to establish a definitive diagnosis, allowing for the guiding and to deepening of the nature of physiopathologic situations that affect poultry. Several poultry illnesses provoke alterations in the hematological parameters, which are little studied in Brazil. The objective of this study was to observe hematological changes that occur in the blood of cut broilers raised in experimental conditions from the 1st to the 52nd day of age. The collections of blood were taken on the 1st, 10th, 24th, 26th, 31st, 38th, 45th and 52nd days of age of the poultries. The leucocytes values observed in the birds to the 45 and 52th days of age, haematocrit, haemoglobin, trombocytes, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, plasmatic proteins, lymphocytes, heterophils, monocytes, basophils and eosinophils being similar to the value of references considered normal. The leucocytes values observed for the birds on the 10th, 24th, 26th, 31st and 32nd days of age, the total number of erythrocytes and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were lower and the value mean corpuscular volume was higher to the those values of references. This study demonstrated that the age of the birds, environmental conditions and different areas or countries are factors that can affect the study of the haematological parameters.
Visualization of cellular mechanisms regulating differential neuronal synapse formation

Visualization of Cellular Mechanisms Regulating Differential Neuronal Synapse Formation. (August 2004) Joshua Paul Neunuebel, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Mark J. Zoran Over thirty years ago electrical coupling was observed in embryonic cells prior to chemical communication. This temporal relationship of electrical coupling preceding functional chemical neurotransmission occurs throughout neurogenesis, prompting the idea that gap junctional coupling synchronizes the synaptogenic establishment of functional neural networks. Helisoma neuronal pairs treated with trophic factors exhibit increased electrical coupling and subsequently delay the formation of inhibitory chemical connections. Studies in this thesis addressed the mechanism regulating this inverse relationship between electrotonic and chemical communication. Synaptogenesis between two neurons from the Helisoma buccal ganglia, B110 and B19, were examined using alternative culturing conditions that were either exposed to or deprived of trophic factors. Incubating neuronal pairs in trophic factors induced transient electrical synapses and postponed the formation of chemical connections. In electrically coupled neuronal pairs, presynaptic secretory vesicles were recruited to the sites of presynaptic contact, but did not respond to calcium elevation (i.e., photolytic release of calcium from NP-EGTA) with neurotransmitter release. These and other studies demonstrated that transient electrical coupling does not disrupt calcium handling or postsynaptic responsiveness. Rather, electrotonic coupling delays chemical synaptic
Histopathological Studies of Red Spot Disease of the Japanese Eel(Anguilla japonica)-I

Pseudomomas anguilliseptica infection of the Japanese eel is a new disease that was confirmed in 1971 and named red spot disease. This disease has prevailed in spring and autumn and has resulted in mass mortalities. Histopathological studies were made on 55 diseased eels that had petechial hemorrhages in the body surface and fins. Anatomically they showed congestive swelling of liver, atrophy of spleen, kidney, and pericard-epicarditis. Histopathological studies indicated that infected lesions appeared in dermis, subcutaneous adipose tissue, interstitial tissue of the body musculature, vascular walls, bulbus arteriosus and heart. In such lesions bacteria multiplied profusely and resulting inflammation was serous exuda tion and cellular infiltration-proliferation composed of activated mesenchymal cells, wandering, large mononuclear cells, large juvenile cells and a small number of neutrophils. Many minute hemorrhages occurred in affected dermal loose connective tissue, and small hemorrhages occurred in the intraepithelial papillary tissue. In the stages of generalized infection to the septic condition various pathological changes were observed in the visceral organs, that is, congestive edema and intensive fatty degeneration of the hepatic cells in the liver; the reactions mixed with serous exuda tion, tissue liquefaction and cellular proliferation in the spleen; infectious glomerulitis, activation of the reticulo-endothelial cells lining sinusoids, and atrophy of the hematopoietic tissue in the kidney. On the basis of these findings diseased eels manifested with petechial hemorrhages in the body surface are thought to be in an advanced condition of the disease.
Acoustic Resource Partitioning in Anuran Communities

WILBUR, H. M. 1971. The ecological relationship of the salamander Ambystoma laterale to its all-female, gynogenetic associate. Evolution 25:168-179. -. 1972. Competition, predation, and the structure of the Ambystoma-Rana sylvatica community. Ecology 53:3-21. 1976. Density-dependent aspects of metamorphosis in Ambystoma and Rana sylvatica. Ecology 57:1289-1296. 1977. Propagule size, number, and dispersion pattern in Ambystoma and Asclepias. Amer. Natur. 111:43-68.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA ON HIGH­FAT DIET AND STREPTOZOTOCIN­ INDUCED NON­GENETIC RAT MODEL OF TYPE 2 DIABETES: BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL EVIDENCES

Naturaceutical antioxidants in the diet have antidiabetic potential and prevent oxidative damage associated with diabetic pathogenesis. The present study explores the beneficial effects of Butea monosperma (BM) flower extract on high fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)–induced diabetes in rats. Diabetes was induced by feeding HFD for 2 weeks followed by a single injection of STZ (40 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally). BM was given orally at a dose of 300 mg/kg for 4 weeks after diabetes induction. At the end of experiment blood was drawn and their pancreas tissues were dissected. The level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFAs), low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) and very low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (VLDL‐C) increased while insulin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) level decreased in HFD/STZ group, which were augmented by BM. Moreover, BM significantly decreased levels of thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl ( PC), and increased level of glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant e nzymes [glutathione‐s‐transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT)] in the pancreas of HFD/STZ group. These results were supplemented by histopathological examination in pancreas. Our study reveals that BM, as a powerful antioxidant, prevents diabetic complications and oxidative damage in non‐ genetic rat model of type 2 diabetes.
Optimising the duration of floating row cover period to minimise the incidence of tomato yellow leaf curl disease and maximise yield of tomato

The influence of polyester cover on tomato crops was evaluated to determine its effectiveness in reducing the incidence of tomato yellow leaf curl disease and on tomato yield. Uncovered plots were compared in a randomised block design with 14 treatments having different durations of cover. The identification of begomovirus was carried out by polymerase chain reaction, cloning and complete nucleotide sequencing of viruses from infected plants. Disease incidence was high in plots covered for less than 3 weeks with no significant differences among these treatments and those that were left uncovered. In the three treatments with the longest duration of cover, no disease was recorded but yield was significantly decreased. The optimum covering period was 6–7 weeks, providing protection against disease (10% incidence) and maintaining high yields (3 kg per plant). Floating row covers can play a major role in reducing begomovirus-induced diseases by reducing exposure to whiteflies which transmit these viruses. The current work appears to be the first attempt to optimise the cover period by sequentially removing covers from crops to analyse the consequences in terms of crop biomass, yield and disease and to explore the interactions between these parameters.
A preliminary study about lymphocyte subset of water buffalo calves.

The aim of this study was to monitor the age related variation of the T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of water buffalo calves. Additionally, lymphocytes and neutrophils percentage was measured. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against bovine lymphocyte cell surface antigens CD4, CD8 and WC1 (γ/δ) were tested in sequential peripheral blood samples prepared from 36 different aged water buffalo calves. Results showed the percentage of positive stained cells expressing CD4, CD8 and WC1 (γ/δ), as determined by flow cytometry. The subsets proportions varied significantly (P< 0.05) from the youngest age groups to the older ones as CD4+ increased while CD8+ and WC1+ decreased. The present study shows that the T-cell subpopulations are present in peripheral blood of buffalo calves as well as veal calves. Furthermore, there is a half reduction of neutrophil : lymphocytes ratio at the age of 5 months.
The effectiveness of diabetes education in rural clinical practice

Objective: Type 2 Diabetes affects approximately 10% of the population in the United States. Diabetes is associated with acute and long-term complications are more severe. Studies are providing a correlation between better self-care actions and a reduction of undesired diabetes outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a diabetes self-management education (DSME) program on glycemic control that was expected to improve staff knowledge and diabetes outcomes. Methods: This study conducted a quality improvement design. Providers and nursing staff in three primary care clinics were recruited. Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT) and HbA1c were measured pre and post intervention. Results: Data from 15 staff participants were analyzed. The mean score for the pre-test was 81% while the mean score for the post-test was 87%. A paired t -test revealed t = 1.533, df = 3.998 and p = . 160. The HbA1c percentage mean over 6 months decreased by 0.02% and subsequently in 3 months by 0.17%. The Friedman rank sum test was used to compare the differences, χ 2 (2) = 14.79, p < . 001. Post-hoc analysis identified a statistical significance in the HbA1c from implementation to post implementation. Conclusions: There was an increase in the percent score in the provider and nursing staff knowledge after implementation of the DSME program. A decrease in percent change of the HbA1c was identified over the three- month implementation period. This study demonstrated that the implementation of a DSME program may contribute to improved glycemic control.
Seasonal Age and Sex Structure of Rana perezi Assessed by Skeletochronology

Seasonal age structure assessed by skeletochronology was studied in a population of Rana perezi from northwest Spain (Galicia). Age was determined for individual frogs by counting the number of lines of arrested growth (LAG) in cross-sections taken from phalanges. Life span differed between the sexes; the maximum longevity of males and females was 5 and 6 years, respectively. Body sizes of males are smaller than those of females. Sexual dimorphism in external morphology becomes apparent in the majority of males at one year of age, whereas females reach maturity one year later. The age structure of males was similar among seasons, whereas female age structure was different in spring (the breeding season) in relation to summer and autumn. These results are discussed in relation to breeding behavior.
Differential antimicrobial activity of the various crude leaves extracts of Sesame radiatum against some common pathogenic micro-organisms

Concern about the rising prevalence of antibiotics resistant strains pathogenic micro-organisms has been expressed in the last three decades. However, intensive studies on extracts and biologically active compounds isolated from medicinal plants have also doubled in the last decade. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Sesame radiatum leaves were studied for in-vitro antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion method. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) phytochemical screening showed the presence of essential oils mainly the phenolic and carboxylic acids groups. The ethanolic extract mildly inhibited the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Candida albicans, while there was no inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aurogenosa and Escherichia coli. However, aqueous extract exhibited no inhibitory effect on all the five tested micro-organisms.
Differential Response of Male Oriental Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Colored Traps Baited with Methyleugenol

The response of male oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, to colored plastic bucket traps baited with methyleugenol was determined in a commercial guava, Psidium guajava L. , orchard. When traps were placed close together on stakes, white and yellow traps caught the largest number of flies, whereas green, red, and black caught the fewest. When traps were placed in guava trees, no significant difference in fly captures occurred, although white traps caught the most flies and the same general trend in trap efficiency occurred. Results suggest that the attractiveness of traps is due primarily to intensity of reflected light. The potential for improving trap efficiency in D. dorsalis monitoring and control programs is discussed.
Factors associated with breast-self examination practice and mammogram breast density among Malaysian women

Introduction: Breast cancer is globally known to be the commonest cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Screening tools which include breast-self examination (BSE), clinical breast examination and mammography are well-recognised to aid the detection of breast cancer among high risk women. Thus, our study was aimed to evaluate breast cancer and BSE awareness and practice, and to perform mammography screening among women who attended community breast cancer awareness and screening programme. Methods: Data was collected cross-sectionally from 2,021 women during community services from September 2013 until December 2015. Results: Majority of the women had previously attended health education on breast cancer (56.3%) and had been taught BSE techniques (61.4%), but only 38.6% performed BSE monthly. Factors associated with regular BSE practice were older age, higher education level, being married, higher monthly income, had attended health education on breast cancer, and had been taught BSE techniques. A subset of 130 high-risk women had underwent mammography screening and majority had heterogenously dense and normal mammogram findings. Conclusion: These findings suggested that regular breast cancer awareness campaigns is needed to strengthen breast cancer knowledge and to emphasise BSE techniques. Such campaigns should target younger women and those with low socioeconomic status.
Testing a Conceptual Model of Soil Emissions of Nitrous and Nitric Oxides

n ve s ti ga tors from many diverse disciplines—agron om i s t s , a tm o s ph e ric ch em i s t s , eco l ogi s t s , geoch em i s t s , m eteoro l ogi s t s , and microbi o l ogi s t s — a ll stu dy em i s s i ons of n i trous ox i de (N 2 O) and nitric ox i de (NO) from soi l s . Th ei r com m on interest in soil em i s s i ons of n i trogen ox i des stem s f rom the attem pt to answer the fo ll owing qu e s ti on s : • Are em i s s i ons of N 2 O and NO from soils of su f f i c i en t m a gn i tu de to sign i f i c a n t ly affect the regi onal and gl ob a l bu d gets of these gases in the atm o s ph ere ,a n d , i f s o , do these em i s s i ons also sign i f i c a n t ly affect gl obal warm i n g and the ch emical processes of ozone (O 3 ) pr odu cti on in the tropo s ph ere and ozone de s tru cti on in the stra to sph ere ?
Studi Sitotaksonomi pada Genus Zingiber A Cytotaxonomic Study in the Genus Zingiber

The objective of the study was to know the taxonomic structure of the genus of Zingiber based on cytological characters such as ratio of number, shape and size of chromosome. Zingiber specimens were mainly from Bogor botanical garden. There were seven species studied, Z. amaricans Nor. , Z. aromaticum Val. , Z. cassumunar Roxb. , Z. gramineum Bl. , Z. officinale Roxb. , Z. ottensii Val. and Z. zerumbet (L.) J.E. Smith. Z. officinale (local name: Jahe) consinsting of 4 varieties, big ginger (jahe gajah), red ginger (jahe merah), small ginger (jahe emprit) and blue-dark browny ginger (jahe wulung). Species identification was based on the literature such as of Backer and Bakhuizen van den Brink (1968), Holttum (1950), and Burkill (1935). Semi permanent squash method using acetoorcein dye was used to prepare the sample (Darnaedi, 1991; Okada, 1981; Robert and Short, 1979). The results of the study indicate that the number of chromosomes of all species studied were the same, 2n=32. The length size of the first chromosome pair was about 2μm. The shape of the chromosomes was mostly metacentric. Length and shape of each pair of chromosomes were hard to be determined accurately using this method, so that the chromosomal karyotype map unable to be constructed in this study. Giemsa C-banding method might be used to solve the problems. © 2000 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta