Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPOWERMENT

The present study focuses on the relationship between empowerment and burnout. It examines that whether or not empowerment affect burnout in a negative way. The data were collected through a questionnaire returned by the employees in nineteen seperate companies operating in different sectors in Konya Industrial Area, including the first five hundred and the second five hundred largest industrial establishments in Turkey. The results of Pearson correlations and regression analyses indicated that empowerment are significantly and negatively related to burnout.
Distributional Consequences of Climate Change Impacts on Energy Demand across Italian Households

The paper evaluates the distributional implications of climate-induced temperature changes on energy demand and energy poverty in Italy. We use two different simulation approaches that make it possible to analyze to what extent general equilibrium substitution and income effects moderate or amplify the first-order changes induced by climate change. Climate change impacts are regressive. While rich households reduce expenditure on heating fuels more than the poor, less affluent households increase electricity expenditure relatively more. For a given income level, whether households increase or decrease
Fractal and euclidean geometric generalization of normal and restenosed arteries

Euclidean geometry characterizes regular objects, while fractal geometry studies irregular objects. Building on previous work, it will be developed a generalization of all normal and diseased arterial prototypes in experimental models of restenosis in porcine based on fractal and euclidean measures. Fractal dimension and number of spaces occupied by parts and the whole in the generalized Box Counting space were evaluated in 10 normal and 10 restenosed arteries. Based on these spatial limits, it was developed a computer simulation of all the possibilities of spatial occupation of the layers (islands), determining all the possible arterial prototypes. The normality presented values below 100 on the surface of its three islands, while restenosis presents values equal to or greater than 100 in at least one of its three islands. The generalization makes possible to determine a total of 44267 arteries: 36770 restenosed and 7497 normal. The geometric self-organization of the parties with respect to the whole artery, assessed by fractal and euclidean simultaneous measures, allows to determine a finite number of fractal arterial prototypes. It makes possible to differentiate restenosis and normality, as well as quantifying their evolution; so its implementation could reduce costs in experimental models.
Screening Status as a Determinant of Choice of Colorectal Cancer Screening Method: A Population-Based Informed Survey

Objectives: Fecal blood testing is a noninvasive alternative to colonoscopy for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and is preferred by a substantial proportion of individuals. However, participant-related determinants of the choice of screening method, particularly up-to-date screening status, remain less studied. We aimed to determine if up-to-date screening status was related to choosing a fecal blood test over colonoscopy. Setting: Participants in the population-based cross-sectional survey study Bus Santé in Geneva, Switzerland – aged 50–69 years. Design: Cross-sectional survey study using mailed questionnaires inquiring about CRC screening method of choice after providing information on advantages and disadvantages of both screening methods. We used multivariable logistic regression models to determine the association between up-to-date CRC screening status and choosing fecal blood testing. Key results: We included 1,227 participants. Thirty-eight percent of participants did not have up-to-date CRC screening. Overall, colonoscopy (54.9%) was preferred to fecal blood testing (45.1%) (p < 0.001) as screening method of choice. However, screening method choices differed between those with (65.6% colonoscopy and 34.4% fecal blood testing) and without up-to-date CRC screening (36.5% colonoscopy and 63.5% fecal blood testing). Not having up-to-date CRC screening was associated with a higher probability of choosing fecal blood testing as screening method (odds ratio = 2.6 [1.9; 3.7], p < 0.001) after adjustment for the aforementioned confounders. Conclusions: Not having up-to-date screening was independently associated with fecal blood testing as the preferred method for CRC screening. Proposing this method to this subpopulation, in a context of shared decision, could potentially increase screening uptake in settings where it is already high.
Half-space Gaussian symmetrization: applications to semilinear elliptic problems

Abstract We consider a class of semilinear equations with an absorption nonlinear zero order term of power type, where elliptic condition is given in terms of Gauss measure. In the case of the superlinear equation we introduce a suitable definition of solutions in order to prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution in ℝN without growth restrictions at infinity. A comparison result in terms of the half-space Gaussian symmetrized problem is also proved. As an application, we give some estimates in measure of the growth of the solution near the boundary of its support for sublinear equations. Finally we generalize our results to problems with a nonlinear zero order term not necessary of power type.
An Agent-Based Model of the Local Spread of SARS-CoV-2: Modeling Study

Background The spread of SARS-CoV-2, originating in Wuhan, China, was classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The governments of affected countries have implemented various measures to limit the spread of the virus. The starting point of this paper is the different government approaches, in terms of promulgating new legislative regulations to limit the virus diffusion and to contain negative effects on the populations. Objective This paper aims to study how the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is linked to government policies and to analyze how different policies have produced different results on public health. Methods Considering the official data provided by 4 countries (Italy, Germany, Sweden, and Brazil) and from the measures implemented by each government, we built an agent-based model to study the effects that these measures will have over time on different variables such as the total number of COVID-19 cases, intensive care unit (ICU) bed occupancy rates, and recovery and case-fatality rates. The model we implemented provides the possibility of modifying some starting variables, and it was thus possible to study the effects that some policies (eg, keeping the national borders closed or increasing the ICU beds) would have had on the spread of the infection. Results The 4 considered countries have adopted different containment measures for COVID-19, and the forecasts provided by the model for the considered variables have given different results. Italy and Germany seem to be able to limit the spread of the infection and any eventual second wave, while Sweden and Brazil do not seem to have the situation under control. This situation is also reflected in the forecasts of pressure on the National Health Services, which see Sweden and Brazil with a high occupancy rate of ICU beds in the coming months, with a consequent high number of deaths. Conclusions In line with what we expected, the obtained results showed that the countries that have taken restrictive measures in terms of limiting the population mobility have managed more successfully than others to contain the spread of COVID-19. Moreover, the model demonstrated that herd immunity cannot be reached even in countries that have relied on a strategy without strict containment measures.
Chromosomal Aneuploidy Associated With Clinical Characteristics of Pregnancy Loss

Objective Embryonic aneuploidy is found in about half of sporadic pregnancy losses and the associations between the chromosomal aneuploidy and clinical characteristics of pregnancy loss remain unclear. The aims of this study were to evaluate the associations between chromosomal aneuploidy of products of conception (POC) and clinical features of pregnancy loss. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 1,102 women experienced singleton pregnancy loss and underwent chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) detection of POC in our hospital. The results of molecular karyotypes and clinical features including maternal age, history of pregnancy loss, gestational age, vaginal bleeding and ultrasonographic findings were extracted from the medical records. χ2 test was used to compare categorical data between groups. Results 631 (57.26%) POC specimens were detected to be chromosomal aneuploidy. Aneuploid rates were significantly higher in women >35 years (P < 0.001) and pregnancy loss <11 gestational weeks (P = 0.044), but the rates of sex chromosome abnormalities and triploid were significantly higher in women ≤35 years (P < 0.001, P = 0.002) and the rates of viable autosomal trisomy and sex chromosome abnormalities were significantly high in those women with pregnancy loss ≥11 weeks (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Aneuploid rate was overall similar between the sporadic and the recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) (P = 0.404), but the rate of sex chromosome abnormalities was higher in women with sporadic pregnancy loss (P = 0.03). Aneuploid rates were higher in subjects with yolk sac or embryo than in those without (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001). Conclusion Advanced maternal age is mainly associated with autosomal trisomy, while sex chromosome abnormalities and triploid might be more likely to occur in younger women. Aneuploidy rates might be no association with previous pregnancy loss except for sex chromosome abnormalities. Pregnancy loss without yolk sac or embryo might be less related to embryonic aneuploidy, and other factors should be emphasized.
Leaf Phenological Stages of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Have Conserved Photosynthetic Efficiencies but Contrasted Intrinsic Water Use Efficiencies at High Light Intensities

Leaf senescence in source leaves leads to the active degradation of chloroplast components [photosystems, chlorophylls, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco)] and plays a key role in the efficient remobilization of nutrients toward sink tissues. However, the progression of leaf senescence can differentially modify the photosynthetic properties of source leaves depending on plant species. In this study, the photosynthetic and respiratory properties of four leaf ranks of oilseed rape describing leaf phenological stages having different sink-source activities were analyzed. To achieve this, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble proteins, Rubisco amounts, and the light response of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters coupled to leaf gas exchanges and leaf water content were measured. Photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and electron transfer rates, Rubisco and chlorophyll levels per leaf area were gradually decreased between young, mature and senescent leaves but they remained highly correlated at saturating light intensities. However, senescent leaves of oilseed rape had a lower intrinsic water use efficiency compared to young and mature leaves at saturating light intensities that was mainly due to higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rate with respect to stomatal density and net CO2 assimilation. The results are in favor of a concerted degradation of chloroplast components but a contrasted regulation of water status between leaves of different phenological stages of winter oilseed rape.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF AGGRESSIVE TAX BEHAVIOR TO THE COST OF EQUITY IN THE FAMILY COMPANY

The aim of the research is to investigate the effect of tax aggressive behaviour toward the cost of equity, using moderating by family ownership. Examination was conducted for manufacturing firms in Indonesia Stock Exchange for period 2010-2013, there were 224 company-year sample. The analytical method used is fixed panel analysis. Results of study suggest that tax avoidance have negative influence on cost of equity. This result is in contrast to results of previous studies. The results of this study explained that the measurement of tax avoidance which showed aggressive tax behavior based on discretionary on book tax difference (BTD). Discretionary on BTD is regarded as earnings management in taxes or a tax planning so it is seen as a positive by the shareholders. Moderation family ownership on tax avoidance in the relationship with the cost of equity shows positive results. These results show that family ownership tend to behave taxes aggressively and it is viewed negatively by shareholders for management raises their rent extraction.
A TANK Model of Fiscal Policy Uncertainty∗

To demonstrate the transmission channels of fiscal policy uncertainty, we build a Two-Agent New Keynesian (TANK) model with stochastic volatility shocks. First, a TANK model highlights the importance of the labor market on the transmission of uncertainty to households, reinforcing real consequences that uncertainty shocks have on the economy. Next, we show that these shocks can be amplified giving the combination of fraction of hand-to-mouth agents on the economy and their risk-aversion characteristics. Extending our analysis to a developing country, comparing results for the US and Brazil, we are able to understand what attributes of a country lead to different results, which is manly driven by the hand-to-mouth agent wealth characteristics. The model also allows us to understand how government spending can be manged to ease the negative impact on households, demonstrating how a policy that generates similar outcomes on output can harm agents constitution level. JEL: E12, E23, E32, E52, E62.
From Standard Weather Stations to Virtual Micro-Meteorological Towers in Ungauged Sites: Modeling Tool for Surface Energy Fluxes, Evapotranspiration, Soil Temperature, and Soil Moisture Estimations

One of the benefits of training a process-based, land surface model is the capacity to use it in ungauged sites as a complement to standard weather stations for predicting energy fluxes, evapotranspiration, and surface and root-zone soil temperature and moisture. In this study, dynamic (i.e., time-evolving) vegetation parameters were derived from remotely sensed Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery and coupled with a physics-based land surface model (tin-based Real-time Integrated Basin Simulator (tRIBS)) at four eddy covariance (EC) sites in south-central U.S. to test the predictability of micro-meteorological, soil-related, and energy flux-related variables. One cropland and one grassland EC site in northern Oklahoma, USA, were used to tune the model with respect to energy fluxes, soil temperature, and moisture. Calibrated model parameters, mostly related to the soil, were then transferred to two other EC sites in Oklahoma with similar soil and vegetation types. New dynamic vegetation parameter time series were updated according to MODIS imagery at each site. Overall, the tRIBS model captured both seasonal and diurnal cycles of the energy partitioning and soil temperatures across all four stations, as indicated by the model assessment metrics, although large uncertainties appeared in the prediction of ground heat flux, surface, and root-zone soil moisture at some stations. The transferability of previously calibrated model parameters and the use of MODIS to derive dynamic vegetation parameters enabled rapid yet reasonable predictions. The model was proven to be a convenient complement to standard weather stations particularly for sites where eddy covariance or similar equipment is not available.
BiOX/BiOY (X, Y = F, Cl, Br, I) superlattices for visible light photocatalysis applications

The BiOX/BiOY (X, Y = F, Cl, Br, I, X ≠ Y) systems have been investigated as possible visible light photocatalysts in contrast with the BiOX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) systems by using hybrid density functional calculations. All the BiOX/BiOY systems have indirect bandgaps, and all the bandgaps of BiOX/BiOY systems we considered are between the bandgaps of BiOX and BiOY systems. The calculated bandgaps for BiOF/BiOCl, BiOF/BiOBr, BiOF/BiOI, BiOCl/BiOBr, BiOCl/BiOI, and BiOBr/BiOI are respectively 3.86, 3.41, 2.74, 2.99, 2.30, and 2.23 eV. The maximum absorption wavelength increases in the order of BiOF, BiOF/BiOCl, BiOCl, BiOF/BiOBr, BiOCl/BiOBr, BiOBr, BiOF/BiOI, BiOCl/BiOI, BiOBr/BiOI, and BiOI. The conduction band edges for all the BiOX/BiOY systems originate from Bi 6p states, but the valance band edges are contributed by different electronic states. Besides, the relative positions of X p states and Y p states for BiOX/BiOY systems are different, which should be attributed to the different p orbital energies of X and Y atoms. Due to the conduction band maximum is lower than the hydrogen reduction potential, all the BiOX and BiOX/BiOY systems are thermodynamically unfavorable for hydrogen production. Meanwhile, owing to the suitable bandgaps and band edge positions, the BiOF/BiOI, BiOCl/BiOBr, BiOCl/BiOI, and BiOBr/BiOI superlattices are possible visible light photocatalysts for degradation of organic pollutants.
Wildlife Trade Policy and the Decline of Wildlife

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is the international agreement that regulates international trade in wildlife to prevent its decline. Little is known about the effectiveness of its trade restrictions and bans. Combining the largest available panel database on wildlife population sizes of vertebrates with the history of species’ inclusion into CITES, we find that populations increase by 20% after their species’ inclusion into CITES. This effect is driven by populations in countries with thorough enforcement. Outright trade bans increase wildlife, but restrictions that incentivize sustainable use have more immediate positive effects.
The Political Economy of the International Tax Transparency Agenda in the G20/OECD Context

This paper empirically analyses the motives underlying progress in implementing multilateral tax transparency standards. The results point to the protection of domestic special interests as a potential motive behind slower and less rigorous implementation. In particular, jurisdictions with a significant share of global offshore wealth and to some extent those that host shell company activity, progress less in adopting and implementing the AEOI and EOIR standards. High tax jurisdictions seem to make more progress, while those with significant wealth held offshore seem to lag behind. These special interest considerations, however, may have declined over time as participation became more global and compliance improved. There is also evidence that reputational motives and preceding bilateral collaboration mattered for the speed and comprehensiveness of participation.
Replication Redux: The Reproducibility Crisis and the Case of Deworming

In 2004, a landmark study showed that an inexpensive medication to treat parasitic worms could improve health and school attendance for millions of children in many developing countries. Eleven years later, a headline in The Guardian reported that this treatment, deworming, had been “debunked. ” The pronouncement followed an effort to replicate and re-analyze the original study, as well as an update to a systematic review of the effects of deworming. This story made waves amidst discussion of a reproducibility crisis in some of the social sciences. In this paper, I explore what it means to “replicate” and “reanalyze” a study, both in general and in the specific case of deworming. I review the broader replication efforts in economics, then examine the key findings of the original deworming paper in light of the “replication,” “reanalysis,” and “systematic review. ” I also discuss the nature of the link between this single paper's findings, other papers’ findings, and any policy recommendations about deworming. Through this example, I provide a perspective on the ways replication and reanalysis work, the strengths and weaknesses of systematic reviews, and whether there is, in fact, a reproducibility crisis in economics.
Inequality and the Value of Public Natural Capital

We study how income inequality affects the social value of a dynamic public good, such as natural capital. Our theory shows that both intra- and intertemporal inequality affect the social value of public natural capital. The direction and size of the effects are driven by the degree of substitutability between the public and private consumption goods. While the value of the public good increases (decreases) with intratemporal income inequality in the case of complements (substitutes), it increases (may decrease) with intertemporal income inequality for complements and Cobb-Douglas (substitutes). A problem of major relevance for the accounting of public natural capital as required by international treaties is to transfer values between study and policy contexts, or to up-scale values from study sites to the national scale. Our theory provides closed-form adjustment factors that allow controlling for differences in study and policy contexts.
Gender Differences in Performance Under Competition: Is There a Stereotype Threat Shadow?

The gender gap in income and leadership positions in many domains of our society is an undisputed pervasive phenomenon. One explanation for the disadvantaged position of women put forward in the economic and psychology literature is the weaker response of women to competitive incentives. Despite the large amount of literature trying to explain this fact, the precise mechanisms behind the gender difference in competitive responsiveness are still not fully uncovered. In this paper, we use laboratory experiments to study the potential role of stereotype threat on the response of men and women to competitive incentives in mixed-gender competition. We use a real effort math task to induce an implicit stereotype threat against women in one treatment. In additional treatments we, respectively, reinforce this stereotype threat and induce a stereotype threat against men. In contrast to much of the literature we do not observe that women are less competitive than men, neither when there is an implicit nor when there is an explicit stereotype threat against women. We attribute this to two factors which differentiates our experiment from previous ones. We control, first, for inter-individual performance differences using a within-subject design, and, second, for risk differences between non-competitive and competitive environments by making the former risky. We do find an adverse stereotype threat effect on the performance of men when there is an explicit stereotype threat against them. In that case any positive performance effect of competition is nullified by the stereotype threat. Overall, our results indicate that a stereotype threat has negative competitive performance effects only if there is information contradicting an existing stereotype. This suggests that the appropriate intervention to prevent the adverse effect of stereotype threat in performance is to avoid any information referring to the stereotype.
Quantifying the Impact of Economic Sanctions on International Trade in the Energy and Mining Sectors

Capitalizing on the latest developments in the gravity literature, we utilize two new datasets on sanctions and trade to study the impact of economic sanctions on international trade in the mining sector, which includes oil and natural gas. We demonstrate that the gravity equation is well suited to model bilateral trade in mining and find that sanctions have been effective in impeding mining trade. Our analysis reveals that complete trade sanctions have reduced bilateral mining trade by about 44 percent on average. We also document the presence of significant heterogeneity in the effects of sanctions on mining trade across mining industries and across sanction episodes/cases, depending on the sanctioning and sanctioned countries, the type of sanctions used, and the direction of trade flows. We take a close look at the impact of recent sanctions on Iran and Russia.