Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of socioeconomic status and other factors affecting patient-graft survival in patients undergoing liver transplantation

Background and Aim Liver transplantation is performed in increasing numbers due to advances in surgical techniques and the introduction of diverse immunosuppressive drugs. The present study aims to analyze the effects of socioeconomic status and education level on patient and graft survival, in addition to all these factors. Material and Methods All patients aged 18 years and above who underwent consecutive liver transplantation at the Liver Transplantation Unit of Department of General Surgery at the Dokuz Eylül University Hospital and whose data were available were included in this study. Results Incompliance was noted in 68.3% of the 278 patients. On the other hand, patient compliance did not have a significant effect on graft and patient survival. However, decreased levels in the parameters, such as education status, vocational status and socioeconomic status, were found to be correlated with patient compliance. A significant correlation was not found between these factors and patient and graft survival. Conclusion Although a direct effect of socioeconomic status on patient and graft survival could not be shown the significant association of vocational status and education status which determine socioeconomic level with parameters other than patient and graft survival may affect the success of liver transplants.
Determination of Phytochemical Profile of Allium tuncelianum and Evaluation of Its Antiproliferative Effect on Various Human Cell Lines

In this study, Allium tuncelianum, one of the endemic garlic species growing in Anatolia, was investigated for its phytochemical content. LC-MS/MS, HPLC, GC-MS, GC-FID and ICP-OES techniques were used for this purpose. Major phenolic components of Allium tuncelianum were found to be malic acid (3322.6 μg/g), kainic acid (626.8 μg/g), cinnamic acid (69.15 μg/g), fumaric acid (13.02 μg/g) and catechin (3933.3 μg/g). The main components of volatile oil, on the other hand, were detected as diallyl disulfide (28.30%), diallyl trisulfide (30.90%) and allyl methyl trisulfide (9.44%). The fatty acid composition of the plant was revealed as oleic acid (27.19%), linoleic acid (19.46%) and elaidic acid (3%) whereas high content of potassium (4207± 67 mg/kg), calcium (518± 35 mg/kg) and magnesium (376 ± 20 mg/kg) was determined as the minerals. Moreover, cytotoxic effects of ethanol/water and hexane/chloroform extracts of the plant were evaluated in prostate, colon, cervical and breast cancer cell lines and cytotoxicity of both extracts were detected for all the cell lines studied. Therefore, we conclude that Allium tuncelianum may be a new phytotherapy agent with its rich phytochemical content and anticancer activity. Research Article Article History Received : 04.07. 2019 Accepted : 11.09. 2019
Violation of Politeness Principle On Students Speech In Multicultural Society: Sosiopragmatic Study

Students at Al Asror MTs get special lessons about good morals. Ideally, all utterances obey the rules of politeness. However, it is often found students who are suspected of violating the rules of politeness. Allegedly, violations are motivated by nonlinguistic factors. This study aims to analyze and explain the factors that cause violations of politeness in student speech in multicultural societies. This approach uses a pragmatic and descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection using the method of refer to and capable. Data analysis uses the pragmatic equivalent method. The results of the analysis showed 45 speeches violated the tact maxim; 10 speeches violating the generosity maxim; 13 speeches violating the approbation maxim; 24 speeches violating the agreement maxim; 26 speeches violate the modesty maxim; and 7 speeches violating the simpathy maxim. Violations are motivated by non-linguistic factors, namely social, geographical, social distance between speakers, family, and psychological.
Toward a More Sustainable Coffee Production:the Implementation Capacity of Indonesian Standard Coffee

This paper contributes to the literature on the emerging trend of Southern sustainability standards and certifications as a reaction to the Northern-based private standards by businesses and non goverment organization (NGOs). It particularly analyzes the implementation capacity of Indonesian Standard Coffee (ISCoffee) as a public standard and certification initiated by the Indonesian government. We analyze the opportunities and barriers in the process of implementing ISCoffee and examine whether ISCoffee can become a viable alternative to Northern-based private standards and certification. We first concluded that the implementation capacity of ISCoffee is low, because of weak administrative structures, and communication and coordination deficiencies. Second, we conclude that ISCoffee will unlikely being able to solve smallholder-related problems in the coffee sector such as limited access to market, insufficient capital, and underdeveloped farmer organizations. Finally, we conclude that ISCoffee - on the short term - will not manage to become a viable alternative to Northern-based private standards and certifications.
OPTH_A_207376 921..925

Dalia Mohamed Fawzy Mohamed Nihal Adel Hassan Amr Abdellatif Osman Moataz Hamed Osman 1Department of Ophthalmology, National Institute of Diabetes, Cairo, Egypt; 2Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Purpose: To evaluate subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) using spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT). Materials and methods: Ninety eyes were divided into three equal groups: group A, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with no DME; group B, NPDR having DME; and group C, non-diabetic patients. The central subfield retinal thickness (CSRT) and SFCT were measured using spectral domain OCT. Results: There was a moderate negative correlation between age and SFCT in group B (r=−0.455, P=0.012). We found no significant correlation between best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and SFCT in all groups (for groups A, B, and C, respectively: r=0.189, P=0.316; r=−0.195, P=0.302; and r=−0.181, P=0.337). There was no significant correlation between duration of diabetes and SFCT (r=−0.118, P=0.534 and r=−0.136, P=0.475 for groups A and B, respectively). The CSRT was 229.13±16.2, 336.4±74.85, and 223.13±16.9 μm in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The mean SFCTwas 260.6±49.2, 259±50.8, and 252±50 μm in groups A, B, and C, respectively. We found no significant correlation between CSRT and SFCT in all groups (for groups A, B, and C, respectively: r=−0.049, P=0.796, r=0.239, P=0.204, r=−0.021, P=0.914). There was no significant difference in SFCT between group B (DME) on one hand and groups A and C on the other hand (P=0.9 and 0.59, respectively). Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between CSRT and SFCT in DME. Choroidal thickness assessment is not an indicator of the severity of DME and cannot be used as a monitor of its progression.
An Improved Backward/Forward Sweep Power Flow Method Based on a New Network Information Organization for Radial Distribution Systems

This paper presents a load flow algorithm based on the backward/forward sweep principle, flexible with network topology changes, with an improvement in ensuring a minimum number of searching for connections between nodes in the calculation sequence in the forward and the backward sweep, by organizing the radial distribution system information into a main line and its derivations. The proposed load flow analysis is easy to implement and does not require the use of any complex renumbering of branches and nodes, or any matrix calculation, with the only use of linear equations based on Kirchhoff’s formulation.
Significance and frequency of sports and recreational activities in the demographic structure: middle-aged people

An important factor for any person is recreation or physical activity. It is well known that the effects of recreation certainly affect the psychophysical state of man, as well as the social environment, social intelligence, and more specifically, overall health. A groups of people who do not exercise are frequent, especially in middle age. In terms of physical activity, they mean all those contents that become acceptable to all populations. With the development of modern technology and the accelerated pace of life, it has also contributed to the development of modern awareness of the importance of sports activities in the daily life of modern man. The authors of the paper conducted research on an increasingly topical topic in the World, how much physical activity is present in the category of middle age. The research was carried out in Novi Sad (Serbia) in 2018, and through the processing of data in the SPSS program 23.00. The starting hypothesis of the research was confirmed that groups of middle-aged subjects less practiced daily sports and recreational activities. Also, the theoretical aspects (obtained by the bibliographic-speculative method) of the importance of practicing sports and recreational activities for human life will be presented in the paper, through the consideration of many domestic and
Trust and Distrust in Nigerian Supply Chain Relationships

Abstract Purpose- To date, most of the literature on trust and distrust reveal a paucity of studies about Nigerian Supply chain relationships. Specifically, this paper attempts to address this gap by examining how trust is developed and repaired in supply chain relationships. Design/methodology/approach- Within the scope of this paper, an interpretivist approach was adopted in response to calls for qualitative studies on supply chain relationships. Face to face semi-structured interviews with 12 supplier/customers active in Nigerian trade provided insights into the importance of trust and distrust in enduring supply chain relationships. Data was analysed using iterations from interviews held with the respondents. These iterations demonstrate the key role trust plays in developing and maintaining supply chain relationships whereas distrust deters cooperative relationships. Findings- Key factors were considered in developing an understanding of how trust and distrust mechanisms affect the coordination of supply chain performance. Three distinct types of trust-calculus based trust (CBT), identification based trust (IBT) and knowledge based trust (KBT) are considered to play an important role in maintaining and developing fruitful relationships. Conversely, the repair of two levels of distrust-calculus based distrust and identification based distrust is crucial to enduring supply chain relationships. Research limitations/implications- The importance of taking trust and distrust seriously stems from its unique contextual embeddedness. This study fills a gap in the literature by providing insights into how potential customers and suppliers can leverage on trust to improve their supply chain capacities while suggesting remedial actions when trust is violated. Originality- The paper enriches the view that trust and distrust are crucial in explaining Nigerian supply chain relationships. In a broader context, the complementary relationships between both mechanisms highlight the social advantage of trusting behaviour in overall performance of supply chains.
The bright side of lending by state owned banks: Evidence from Japan

This paper investigates the effect of lending by state owned banks on real investment and employment for publicly traded industrial firms in Japan, focusing on a period that covers the Japanese financial crisis in the 1990s. The paper finds that increases in lending by state owned banks lead to both higher levels of real investment and employment growth, in non-crisis periods. Further, increases in state owned bank lending has strong incremental effects on investment during the crisis. Firms that are most credit constrained also benefit from increases in state owned bank lending. In contrast, little evidence is found for incremental employment effects of state owned bank lending during the crisis, or for more credit constrained firms. Our results demonstrate the lending by state owned banks can be consistent with the social view of such lending. _____________________________________________________________________ The authors thank comments from Michael Brennan, Bruce Grundy, Derek Neal, David Yermack, seminar participants at Deakin University, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, National University of Singapore, Queensland University of Technology, University of Adelaide, University of Melbourne, and conference participants at the Econometric Society Australasian Meeting. This paper was earlier titled ‘The effect of state owned bank lending on investment and employment: evidence from Japan. ’ Dept. of Finance, NUS Business School, Mochtar Riady Building, 15 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 117592. E-mail: linyupeng@nus.edu. sg Dept. of Finance and Risk Management Institute, National University of Singapore, Mochtar Riady Building, 15 Kent Ridge Drive, Singapore 117592. E-mail: bizas@nus.edu. sg c The University of Adelaide Business School, South Australia, Australia 5005. E-mail: takeshi.yamada@adelaide.edu. au The bright side of lending by state owned banks: Evidence from Japan
Nigerian Economic Performance: Exploring Dynamics of Exchange Rate, Inflation and Economic Output

This study explores the dynamic interaction between exchange rate, inflation and economic output in Nigeria between 1999 and 2017 using Vector Error Correction (VEC) granger causality test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Results establish that there is unidirectional causality running from economic output (GDP) to exchange rate in Nigeria. The study further confirms that exchange rate significantly exerts a long run positive impact on economic performance in the country, while the impact of inflation on economic output in the long run is found to be negative. Furthermore, economic output exerts a negative impact on both inflation and exchange rate, but inflation positively influences exchange rate. Another evidence reveals that in the long run, exchange rate depreciation impacts positively on economic output, while inflation impacts negatively on output. The assertion that exchange rate depreciation leads to positive economic performance could be attributed to the positive long run effect of real sector development. Thus, the study suggests that policymakers should initiate measures that could aid financial and real sector development. Also, it is suggested that promoting the habit of consuming made in Nigeria goods, through awareness programmes and quality control measures could mitigate the inflationary effect of the external sector on Nigerian economy.
The Pronunciation of Kedayan

This paper describes the pronunciation of Kedayan, a minority indigenous language spoken in Brunei Darussalam that is closely related to Brunei Malay. Kedayan has 17 consonants and 3 vowels. One distinct feature of Kedayan, marking it as quite different from varieties of Malay such as Standard Malay and Brunei Malay, is the absence of /r/. However, the informant whose speech is analysed here does sometimes pronounce words with a medial [ɾ], suggesting she may be influenced by the pronunciation of Malay.
Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Pregnant Women with Hepatic Cirrhosis

Aim The reproductive hormone levels and systemic physiology of women with hepatic cirrhosis are altered. Existing data have indicated the adverse effects of cirrhosis on both the mother and the fetus. Pregnancy is successful in most of the patients with chronic liver disease. But maternal and fetal complication rates are still high for decompensated hepatic cirrhosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical features, etiological factors, medications, morbidity, mortality, and obstetric outcomes of pregnant women with hepatic cirrhosis. Methods Pregnant women, who were diagnosed with maternal hepatic cirrhosis and followed up in our clinic between 2014 and 2017, were retrospectively evaluated. The pregnant women that had been followed up for hepatic cirrhosis were classified as compensated disease and decompensated disease. Eleven cases were included in this period. Results The mean age of cases was 33.5 ± 5.5 years. The mean gravida number was 3.2 ± 1.1, and the mean parity number was 1.7 ± 1. Six cases were in the compensated cirrhosis stage, and 5 cases were in the decompensated cirrhosis stage. A pregnancy with decompensated cirrhosis was terminated after the fetal heart sound was negative in the 9th week of pregnancy. Spontaneous abortus occurred in one case (<20 weeks). The mean gestational week of the 9 cases was 33.3 ± 6.2. Two of the 9 cases delivered birth vaginally. Seven cases delivered by cesarean section. The mean first- and fifth-minute APGAR scores were 6.6 ± 1.41 and 8.2 ± 1.56, respectively. The mean birth weight was 2303 ± 981 g. Among 9 cases with live birth, 6 had compensated cirrhosis and 3 had decompensated cirrhosis. In the second trimester, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed to all patients in terms of esophageal varices. Endoscopic band ligation was performed in 3 cases with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The postpartum mortality did not occur. Discussion. Pregnancy is not recommended for patients with hepatic cirrhosis due to high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The pregnancy course of cases with cirrhosis changes according to the stage of liver injury and severity of disease. Although the delivery method is controversial, delivery by cesarean section is recommended for patients with esophageal varices by the reason of bleeding from varices after pushing during labor. The bleeding risk must be kept in mind as coagulopathy is common in hepatic diseases. The maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality rates have been decreased by the current developments in hepatology, prevention of bleeding from varices with drugs and/or band ligation, improvement in liver transplantation, and increasing experience in this issue.
Baseline susceptibility of major sucking pests of hill crops in north western Himalayan region

Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) are the three major sucking pests that infect hill crops in North Western Himalayan region and cause severe yield losses. Chemical management tactics are the widely practiced methods for management of these pests in the locality. However, knowledge about the efficacy of different pesticides against these native populations is lacking. In view of this, seven insecticides against whitefly and six against aphids were tested for their bio-efficacy under laboratory conditions. The results showed that, field populations of greenhouse whitefly were highly susceptible to three insecticides; Thiomethaxam> Imidacloprid> Pymetrozine with LC50 values 12.30, 18.62 and 22.38 ppm respectively. Whereas, LC50 values of botanical insecticides NSKE and nimbicidine were very high; 524.81ppm and 4365.16ppm respectively, indicating their non-suitability against greenhouse whitefly management. The susceptibility for B. brassicae, a major pest of crucifers is in the following order; Thiomethaxam> Imidacloprid> Indoxacarb> Pymetrozine> Nimbicidine> NSKE and Thiomethaxam was the most toxic insecticide with LC50 and LC90 values as low as 0.024ppm and 0.25ppm respectively. Green peach aphid (M. persicae) was highly susceptible to Thiomathaxam and was followed by Pymetrozine, indoxacarb, Imidacloprid, Nimbicidine and NSKE respectively. The LC50 values of Thiomethaxam and Pymetrozine were at par with a recorded value of 2.54ppm and 2.57ppm, respectively. The three sucking pests under study are well known for their resistance development mechanisms against several groups of insecticides. But, the level of susceptibility that was recorded in our study indicates presence of susceptible population of these sucking pests in Indian Himalayan region that could help to maintain a refugee or buffer populations against development of insecticide resistant strains.
Polyherbal extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Moringa oleifera, Gongronema latifolium and Ocimum gratissimum may substitute insulin requirement in the long term management of type 1 diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is the most challenging metabolic disorder resulting in multiple complications. It cannot be cured but needs only to be managed. Vernonia amygdalina (VA), Moringa oleifera (MO), Gongronema latifolium (GL) and Ocimum gratissimum have each been used traditionally in the management of diabetes mellitus. Thus, the study was aimed at evaluating the antidiabetic activity of the combined ethanolic leaf extracts of the four plants. Ethanolic extracts of the individual plant extracts were administered at 500 mg/kg b.w. , while the 4 plant extracts were given at doses of 125 mg/kg each making 500 mg/kg b.w. Insulin (INS) was administered at 5I U/kg b.w. After 28 days of treatment with the extracts, Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), serum glucose and hepatic glucose reduced, while serum insulin and c-peptide levels were elevated when compared with NC and INS. The results showed that polyherbal treatment with the four plant extracts possesses significant antidiabetic activity, which could have resulted from the synergistic activities of secondary metabolites in each plant. Thus, justifying its traditional claim and endorsing it as a promising long term therapy in the management of diabetes mellitus over INS. Citation: Efiong E.E. , Itam E.H. , Igile G.O. , Mgbeje B. , Ebong P.E. , 2014. Polyherbal extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Moringa oleifera, Gongronema latifolium and Ocimum gratissimum may substitute insulin requirement in the long term management of type 1 diabetes. The Journal of Toxicology and Health. Photon 104, 423-429. All Rights Reserved with Photon. Photon Ignitor: ISJN22947439D607705032014
Statistical response of middle atmosphere composition to solar proton events in WACCM-D simulations: the importance of lower ionospheric chemistry

<p>Atmospheric effects of solar proton events (SPEs) have been studied for decades, because their drastic impact can be used to test our understanding of upper stratospheric and mesospheric chemistry in the polar cap regions. For example, odd hydrogen and odd nitrogen are produced during SPEs, which leads to depletion of ozone in catalytic reactions, such that the effects are easily observed from satellites during the strongest events. Until recently, the complexity of the ion chemistry in the lower ionosphere (i.e., in the D region) has restricted global models to simplified parameterizations of chemical impacts induced by energetic particle precipitation (EPP). Because of this restriction, global models have been unable to correctly reproduce some important effects, such as the increase in mesospheric HNO<sub>3</sub> or the changes in chlorine species. Here we use simulations from the WACCM-D model, a variant of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, to study the statistical response of the atmosphere to the 66 strongest SPEs which occurred in the years 1989&#8211;2012. Our model includes a set of D-region ion chemistry, designed for a detailed representation of the atmospheric effects of SPEs and EPP in general. We use superposed epoch analysis to study changes in O<sub>3</sub>, HO<sub>x</sub> (OH + HO<sub>2</sub>), Cl<sub>x</sub> (Cl + ClO), HNO<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub> (NO + NO<sub>2</sub>) and H<sub>2</sub>O. Compared to the standard WACCM which uses an ion chemistry parameterization, WACCM-D produces a larger response in O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> and a weaker response in HO<sub>x</sub> and introduces changes in HNO<sub>3</sub> and Cl<sub>x</sub>. These differences between WACCM and WACCM-D highlight the importance of including ion chemistry reactions in models used to study EPP. &#160;</p>