Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct Medical Costs of Venous Thromboembolism and Subsequent Hospital Readmission Rates : An Administrative Claims Analysis From 30 Managed Care Organizations

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common medical condition comprising deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). VTE is of particular importance in the hospital setting since more than half the cases of VTE are accounted for by institutionalization, with 24% of the cases attributable to hospitalization for surgery. In the absence of prophylaxis, the incidence of objectively confirmed, hospital-acquired DVT ranges from 10% to 40% in the medical and general surgical population to as high as 40% to 60% in patients who have undergone orthopedic surgery. Furthermore, What is already known about this subject
Major uses of land in the United States : summary for 1969

This report summanzes the extent and distribution of major land uses in the United States and, by comparison with earlier land use inventories, documents the changes and trends in land utilization. The entire land area of the country is broadly classed as cropland, grassland pasture, forest land, special uses, and other land. Numerous subclasses reflect component agricultural and nonagricultural uses. Distribution patterns and trends are shown by aggregating and comparing acreages of individual uses at the regional and national levels. State-by-state acreages in various component uses are presented in appendix tables. Among principal sources of data used were reports and records of the Bureau of the Census, U. S. Department of Commerce; Bureau of Land Management, U. S. Department of the Interior; and several agencies of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Supplemental data were obtained from numerous other Federal and State agencies.
COX-2 Inhibitors: A Review

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly used class of medications in the United States. Seventeen million Americans use them as an analgesic on a daily basis. In spite of their widespread use, they are not without adverse effects. Almost 15% of users complain of gastrointestinal side effects, including dyspepsia, nausea, and vomiting, and approximately 1% to 4% of users experience serious gastrointestinal complications such as hemorrhage every year, costing about US$15,000 to US$20,000 per hospitalization. The overall cost of treatment for gastrointestinal adverse events associated with NSAID use in the United States is estimated to exceed US$2 billion annually. The first NSAID, sodium salicylate, was discovered in 1763. However, the side effects associated with the use of salicylates, particularly the gastrointestinal toxicity, led to the introduction of nonsalicylate NSAIDs in the 1950s and 1960s. The newest generation of NSAIDS, called COX-2 inhibitors, has recently been developed as part of the continuing effort to maximize the anti-inflammatory properties of NSAIDs while diminishing their toxicity. The Food and Drug Administration has not approved the use of COX-2 inhibitors in patients younger than 18 years.
Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients With Surgical Breast Cancer: Risks and Outcomes

Background The Caprini risk assessment model has been validated in breast cancer surgery patients. However, its utility in our population has not been described. This study evaluated the benefits and risks of the Caprini risk stratification tool and the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the 30-day postoperative period among surgical female patients with breast cancer who were hospitalized during their treatment. Methodology This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data of all surgical patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer who were hospitalized between January and December 2018. Caprini score, treatment information, and 30-day outcome of prophylaxis were collated and analyzed using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results A total of 167 female patients with breast cancer aged 19 to 75 years were hospitalized during the study period. All patients had invasive ductal carcinoma, and the majority (76.6%) were premenopausal. Two fatal VTE events occurred during hospitalization, giving a 30-day incidence of 1.2%. There was no adverse event from chemoprophylaxis. Conclusions VTE is rare in hospitalized surgical patients with breast cancer undergoing routine pharmacologic and mechanical prophylaxis. The Caprini tool can identify extremely low-risk patients who require no prophylaxis.
Plasma β‐synuclein, GFAP, and neurofilaments in patients with malignant gliomas undergoing surgical and adjuvant therapy

We analyzed the longitudinal concentrations and prognostic roles of plasma β‐synuclein (β‐syn), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament proteins (NfL and NfH) in 33 patients with malignant gliomas, who underwent surgical and adjuvant therapy. GFAP and NfL levels were increased in patients with glioblastoma compared to cases with other tumors. β‐syn, NfL and NfH increased after surgery, whereas GFAP decreased at long‐term follow‐up. β‐syn and neurofilament concentrations were influenced by surgery and/or radiotherapy regimens. GFAP and neurofilament levels were significantly associated with survival. Plasma neuronal and astrocytic biomarkers are differentially altered in malignant glioma types and displayed distinct trajectories after surgical and adjuvant therapy.
Multi-omics analysis revealing the interplay between gut microbiome and the host following opioid use

ABSTRACT Opioid crisis is an ongoing epidemic since the past several decades in the United States. Opioid use-associated microbial dysbiosis is emerging as a key regulator of intestinal homeostasis and behavioral responses to opioid. However, the mechanistic insight into the role of microbial community in modulating host response is unavailable. To uncover the role of opioid-induced dysbiosis in disrupting intestinal homeostasis we utilized whole genome sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, and mRNA sequencing to identify changes in microbiome, metabolome, and host transcriptome respectively. Morphine treatment resulted in significant expansion of Parasuterella excrementihominis, Burkholderiales bacterium 1_1_47, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterorhabdus caecimuris and depletion of Lactobacillus johnsonii. These changes correlated with alterations in lipid metabolites and flavonoids. Significant alteration in microbial metabolism (metabolism of lipids, amino acids, vitamins and cofactors) and increased expression of virulence factors and biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) were observed in microbiome of morphine-treated animals. In concurrence with changes in microbiome and metabolome extensive changes in innate and adaptive immune response, lipid metabolism, and gut barrier dysfunction were observed in the host transcriptome. Microbiome depleted mice displayed lower levels of inflammation, immune response and tissue destruction compared to mice harboring a dysbiotic microbiome in response to morphine treatment, thus establishing dysbiotic microbiome as mediator of morphine gut pathophysiology. Integrative analysis of multi-omics data highlighted the associations between Parasutterella excrementihominis, Burkholderiales bacterium 1_1_47, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterorhabdus caecimuris and altered levels of riboflavin, flavonoids, and lipid metabolites including phosphocholines, carnitines, bile acids, and ethanolamines with host gene expression changes involved in inflammation and barrier integrity of intestine. Omic analysis also highlighted the role of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus johnsonii, metabolites flavonoids and riboflavin that were depleted with morphine as important factors for intestinal homeostasis. This study presents for the first time ever an interactive view of morphine-induced changes in microbial metabolism, strain level gut microbiome analysis and comprehensive view of changes in gut transcriptome. We also identified areas of potential therapeutic interventions to limit microbial dysbiosis and present a unique resource to the opioid research community.
Global Estimate of Human Brucellosis Incidence

Brucellosis is a major public health concern worldwide, especially for persons living in resource-limited settings. Historically, an evidence-based estimate of the global annual incidence of human cases has been elusive. We used international public health data to fill this information gap through application of risk metrics to worldwide and regional at-risk populations. We performed estimations using 3 statistical models (weighted average interpolation, bootstrap resampling, and Bayesian inference) and considered missing information. An evidence-based conservative estimate of the annual global incidence is 2.1 million, significantly higher than was previously assumed. Our models indicate Africa and Asia sustain most of the global risk and cases, although areas within the Americas and Europe remain of concern. This study reveals that disease risk and incidence are higher than previously suggested and lie mainly within resource-limited settings. Clarification of both misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis is required because those factors will amplify case estimates.
Urban-rural inequalities and spatial arrangement of informed choice of family planning in Ethiopia: Further analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey

Background Ethiopia has made satisfactory progress in improving maternal and child health over the past two decades. The introduction of family planning through informed choice is one of the main strategies to improve maternal and child health. However, this positive progress may have masked the significant urban-rural disparities in informed choice for family planning. Objective To identify factor contributing to observed urban-rural disparities and to determine the spatial distribution of informed family planning choices in Ethiopia. Methods The study used information from 3,511 women currently using contraceptives (rural-2685 and urban-826) as per recent Ethiopian demographic health survey cross-sectional data. Spatial and descriptive, bivariable, and multivariable logit-based decomposition analysis methods were used. Results The spatial configuration of uninformed choice was clustered. The primary cluster (LLR = 34.8, p-value<0.001) was located at the southern portion of Amhara region that covers east & west Gojjam, south Gondar and south Wollo administrative zones. The magnitude of informed choice was 12 percent higher in urban residents compared to rural residents. Urban-rural gap was attributed to variations in characteristics (74%). Place of family planning offer i.e., private health facility, being aged between 35 and 49 years, and having visited to health facility in the last 1 year are found decrease the urban-rural gap of informed family planning choice by 15%, 9% and 5% respectively. Conversely, being aged between 25 and 34 years, being a listener to radio has increased the gap by 9% and 12% respectively. Conclusion The variables being private health facility visitors, being aged between 35 and 49 years and having visited health facilities in the last one year are found to increase the gap of informed family planning choices between urban and rural residents Besides, the spatial distribution of uninformed family planning choices is non-random.
Remote sensing of ocean colour and targeting of fish schools from airborne sensors

Studying the well known pelagic school of oil sardine and mackerel in the Arabian sea of the Indian Ocean. A high productivity is reported in the oceanic waters of Cochin preceding SW monsoon. A remote sensing experiment was carried out in the oceanic waters over North of Cochin coast involving vessel-based sea truth data collection synchronous to aircraft overflights during October, November and December 1981.
Mighty Men: A Pilot Test of the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Faith-Based, Individually Tailored, Cluster-Randomized Weight Loss Trial for Middle-Aged and Older African American Men

Two in five African American men have obesity, but they are underrepresented in community-based weight loss interventions. This pilot effectiveness trial examines the acceptability and feasibility of the first weight loss study for African American men that includes randomization and individual tailoring. Using a community-based, cluster-randomized, longitudinal parallel group design, four churches were randomized to a control condition or a weight loss condition. Each church received physical activity equipment, a coordinator, and small group physical activity sessions. A total of 71 African American men (mean age: 58.5) enrolled and received a Fitbit, Bluetooth-enabled scale, a t-shirt, gift cards for participation, and 45 min of small group physical activity led by a certified personal trainer. Men in the weight loss condition also received 45 min of health education and individually tailored SMS text messages. Multiple metrics suggest that Mighty Men was feasible, yet the acceptability of the intervention components was mixed. Participants in both the weight loss and control conditions lost weight between zero and 6 months (p < .001), but body fat (p = .005) and visceral fat percentage (p = .001) of men in the weight loss condition decreased while men in the control condition did not (p < .05). An increase in physical activity was seen among men in the weight loss condition (p = .030) but not among men in the control condition (p < .05). It is acceptable and feasible to conduct a 6-month weight loss intervention with African American men that includes randomization and individually tailored text messages.
Prevalence, molecular markers, and outcome of bronchial squamous carcinoma in situ in high‐risk subjects

Bronchial squamous carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a preinvasive lesion that is thought to precede invasive carcinoma. We conducted prospective autofluorescence and white light bronchoscopy trials between 1992 and 2016 to assess the prevalence, molecular markers, and outcome of individuals with CIS and other preneoplastic bronchial lesions. Biopsies were evaluated at multiple levels and selected biopsies were tested for aneuploidy and DNA sequenced for TP53 mutation. Thirty‐one individuals with CIS were identified. Twenty‐two cases of CIS occurred in association with concurrent invasive carcinomas. Seven of the invasive tumors were radiographically occult. In two cases, CIS spread from the focus of invasive carcinoma into contralateral lung lobes, forming secondary invasive tumors. In nine cases, CIS occurred as isolated lesions and one progressed to invasive squamous carcinoma at the same site 40 months after discovery. In a second case, CIS was a precursor of carcinoma at a separate site in a different lobe. In seven cases CIS regressed to a lower grade or disappeared. High level chromosomal aneusomy was often associated with TP53 mutation and with invasive carcinoma. CIS most often occurs in association with invasive squamous carcinoma and may extend along the airways into distant lobes. In rare cases, CIS may be observed to directly transform into invasive carcinoma. CIS may be indicative of invasive tumor at a separate distant site. Isolated CIS may regress. Molecular changes parallel histological changes in CIS and may be used to map clonal expansion in the airways.
Association of chocolate consumption with neurological and cardiovascular outcomes in atrial fibrillation: data from two Swiss atrial fibrillation cohort studies (Swiss-AF and BEAT-AF).

AIM To assess the associations of chocolate consumption with neurocognitive function, brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cardiovascular outcome in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS We analysed data from patients of two prospective multicentre Swiss atrial fibrillation cohort studies (Swiss-AF) and (BEAT-AF). Assessments of MRI findings and neurocognitive function were performed only in the Swiss-AF population (in 1727 of 2415 patients [71.5%] with a complete data set), as patients enrolled in BEAT-AF were not systematically evaluated for these outcomes. Otherwise, the two cohorts had an equivalent set of clinical assessments. Clinical outcome analysis was performed in 3931 patients of both cohorts. Chocolate consumption was assessed by questionnaire. Patients were categorised as no/low chocolate consumption (No/Low-Ch) ≤1 servings/week, moderate chocolate consumption (Mod-Ch) >1-6 servings/week, and high chocolate consumption (High-Ch) >6 servings/week, respectively. Brain lesions were evaluated by MRI. Assessment of cognitive function was performed by neurocognitive functional testing and included global cognition measurement with a cognitive construct score. Cerebral MRI and cognition were evaluated at baseline. Cross-sectional associations between chocolate consumption and MRI findings were analysed by multivariate logistic regression models and associations with neurocognitive function by multivariate linear regression models. Clinical outcome events during follow-up were recorded and assessed by a clinical event committee. The associations between chocolate consumption and clinical outcomes were evaluated by Cox regression models. The median follow-up time was 6 years. RESULTS Chocolate consumption was not associated with prevalence or volume of vascular brain lesions on MRI, nor major adverse cardiac events (ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death). However, No/Low-Ch was independently associated with a lower cognitive construct score compared to Mod-Ch (No/Low-Ch vs. Mod-Ch: coeff. -0.05, 95% CI -0.10-0), whereas other neurocognitive function tests were not independently associated with chocolate consumption categories. In addition, there was a higher risk of heart failure hospitalisation (No/Low-Ch vs. Mod-Ch: HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01-1.52) and of all-cause mortality (No/Low-Ch vs. Mod-Ch: HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06-1.58) in No/Low-Ch compared to Mod-Ch. No significant associations with the evaluated outcomes were observed when High-Ch was compared to Mod-Ch. CONCLUSION While chocolate consumption was not associated with MRI findings and major adverse cardiac events in an atrial fibrillation population, No/Low-Ch was associated with a lower cognitive construct score, higher risk of heart failure hospitalisation and increased all-cause mortality compared to Mod-Ch. CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier: NCT02105844.
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells differentiation induction with MAPK/ERK inhibitor fails to support repair processes in the chronically demyelinated CNS

Remyelination failure is considered a major obstacle in treating chronic‐progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies have shown blockage in the differentiation of resident oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) into myelin‐forming cells, suggesting that pushing OPC into a differentiation program might be sufficient to overcome remyelination failure. Others stressed the need for a permissive environment to allow proper activation, migration, and differentiation of OPC. PD0325901, a MAPK/ERK inhibitor, was previously shown to induce OPC differentiation, non‐specific immunosuppression, and a significant therapeutic effect in acute demyelinating MS models. We examined PD0325901 effects in the chronically inflamed central nervous system. Treatment with PD0325901 induced OPC differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes with high morphological complexity. However, treatment of Biozzi mice with chronic‐progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with PD0325901 showed no clinical improvement in comparison to the control group, no reduction in demyelination, nor induction of OPC migration into foci of demyelination. PD0325901 induced a direct general immunosuppressive effect on various cell populations, leading to a diminished phagocytic capability of microglia and less activation of lymph‐node cells. It also significantly impaired the immune‐modulatory functions of OPC. Our findings suggest OPC regenerative function depends on a permissive environment, which may include pro‐regenerative inflammatory elements. Furthermore, they indicate that maintaining a delicate balance between the pro‐myelinating and immune functions of OPC is of importance. Thus, the highly complex mission of creating a pro‐regenerative environment depends upon an appropriate immune response controlled in time, place, and intensity. We suggest the need to employ a multi‐systematic therapeutic approach, which cannot be achieved through a single molecule‐based therapy.
PRS-ing Forward to Identify Genetic Risk in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

approach to replicating their results, it is notable that even for the set of 475 persistently altered smoking genes that achieved significance across each study time point, only 41% (n=195) of these genes were also significant in both independent replication cohorts. This level of replication is not surprising for transcriptomic data, which captures many complex signals but can be susceptible to confounding in both cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs. Althoughmultiple stages of replication in this study provide confidence in the 195 fully replicated smoking-associated genes, further studies will be necessary to tease out adaptive versus maladaptive responses to cigarette smoke as well as the lingering consequences of smoke exposure on human health.
Do cervical stabilization exercises change the effects of conventional exercises in patients with Parkinson’s disease?

ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this study was to examine whether cervical stabilization exercises (CSEs) change the effects of conventional exercises (CEs) in patients with PD. Methods Twenty-five patients with PD were randomized into two groups. While the experimental group (EG) received CSEs in addition to CEs, the control group (CG) received only CEs. Both programs lasted 8 weeks. Eighteen participants were able to complete the study. The outcomes were the changes in posture, cervical joint position sense (JPS), balance assessment, 10-m walking tests (10MWT), and the Timed Up & Go (TUG) test. Results At the end of the study, significant improvement was observed in both groups in terms of trunk rotation angle and pelvic asymmetry, the time parameter of TUG, and the 10MWT (p < 0.05). In the EG, greater improvement was detected in the Berg Balance Scale, static posturography, postural alignment, JPS, and the cadence parameter of TUG (p < 0.05). Discussion CEs and CSEs could improve walking speed and posture in patients with PD, but if CSEs are added to CEs, greater improvements could be achieved in JPS and postural control. (Clinical Trials ID: NCT03854747)
The removal of distractors in a multidistractor complex span task

ABSTRACT Forgetting is an important phenomenon in working memory. Understanding forgetting could offer a window into the very core of cognition. According to the removal hypothesis, forgetting occurs because distractors interfere with memory traces, and this interference can be actively removed. In the decay refresh hypothesis, forgetting occurs because the memory trace decays with time and can be recovered by refreshment. In the present study, a multidistractor complex span task was designed to directly test the cause of forgetting. The free time after a particular distractor and the total free time were manipulated, with the priming effect of the repeated distractor as a detector. The results showed that a longer free time after the first distractor weakened the priming effect, but a longer total free time had no influence. These results supported the removal hypothesis. The forgetting of distractors was not due to decay but due to removal. The trace of a distractor would be removed when it stops being processed. The removal of a distractor occurs when individuals have free time directly after it, whereas the free time after another distractor is not beneficial.