Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are refraction attributes more useful than refraction tomography

A seismic attribute is any measure that helps to better visualize or quantify features of interest in seismic data. Several refraction attributes, in addition to seismic velocity, can be readily computed from the first arrivals in seismic data. Refraction attributes can be usefully employed in the geotechnical characterization of the near surface. The major effect of tomography is largely cosmetic because it rarely improves resolution. Numerous refraction tomograms, which range from the geologically improbable to the very detailed, can satisfy the travel time data to sufficient accuracy. In the initial or reconnaissance stage, refraction attributes can be used to compute detailed starting models and to resolve non-uniqueness inherent in refraction tomography. Whereas refraction tomography non-uniquely models the single attribute of seismic velocity, this study demonstrates that the additional model parameters of scaled density ratio and P-wave modulus strength can be readily computed from combinations of refraction attributes. The spatially extensive refraction attributes can then be integrated with quantitative borehole and other geotechnical data using multivariate geostatistics. It is concluded that more useful quantitative geotechnical models of the near surface can be obtained by employing a wider range of attributes than the seismic velocity alone.
3D Inversion of Gravity Data for Large Regions in Spherical Coordinates: Early Results for the Australian Region

To perform a realistic 3D inversion of gravity data covering a significant proportion of the Earth’s surface, it is necessary to take into account the curvature of the Earth. We have developed an algorithm for inverting gravity data in spherical coordinates and have demonstrated this using data covering the continental mass of Australia and surrounding ocean areas. The density structures evident in the crust and uppermost mantle of the resultant 3D inversion model are in broad agreement with knowledge of the geological features for the region and with variations in the depth to the Moho that are present in the AusMoho model.
Distribution of Esp Virulent Gene Among Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Clinical Samples from Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado - Ekiti, Nigeria

Infection with Staphylococcus aureus has been considered a major problem in hospitals. The clinical importance of S. aureus is attributed to notable virulence factors and genetic diversity. The study aimed to investigate the distribution of (Enterococal Surface Protein) esp virulent gene and different genotypes in some clinical isolates obtained from Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti. A total of 100 clinical isolates were collected and screened out of which 75 samples with good S. aureus yield were used for this study. 34 (45.3%) were from males and 41 (54.7%) were from females. The isolates were drawn from across several age groups and sample types. Result of antibiotic susceptibility test against 75 S aureus isolate showed 64.0%, 58.7%, 54.7%, and 52.0% of the isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, rocephin, and perfloxacin respectively. Conversely 88.0% of the isolate shows resistance to ampiclox 78.7% to zinnacef, 70.7% to amoxicillin, 64.0% to erythromycin, 64.0% to gentamycin and 56.0% to septrin. Using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), virulent genes esp formed clusters in S. aureus isolates used in this study. Virulence diversity was observed among isolates. The genetic typing was carried out by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) using OPT06 and OPHO6, primers. In conclusion there exist different genotypes among the S. aureus isolates used in this study revealing high level of genetic diversity occurrence among S. aureus isolates. The DNA fingerprint revealed high genetic diversity among isolates irrespective of their sources.
Evaluation of a Coupled Snow and Energy Balance Model for Zhadang Glacier, Tibetan Plateau, Using Glaciological Measurements and Time-Lapse Photography

Abstract We present a new open-source, collaborative “COupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and MAss balance model” (COSIMA) that is evaluated for Zhadang glacier, Tibetan Plateau. The model is calibrated, run, and validated based on in situ measurements and atmospheric model data from the High Asia Refined analysis (HAR) over the period April 2009 to June 2012. Results for the model runs forced by both in situ measurements and HAR agree well with observations of various atmospheric, glaciological, surface, and subsurface parameters on the glacier. A time-lapse camera system next to the glacier provides a 3-year image time series of the mean transient snow line altitude and the snow cover pattern, which is used for the spatial and temporal validation of the model. The model output corresponds very well to the observed temporal and spatial snow cover variability. The model is then run for a 10-year period of October 2001 to September 2011 forced with HAR data. In general, the radiation components dominate the overall energy turnover (65%), followed by the turbulent fluxes (31%). The generally dry atmosphere on the Tibetan Plateau causes sublimation to be responsible for 26% of the total mass loss. A proportion of 11% of the surface and subsurface melt refreezes within the snowpack.
Early Castration in Horses Does Not Impact Osteoarticular Metabolism

The castration of stallions is traditionally performed after puberty, at around the age of 2 years old. No studies have focused on the effects of early castration on osteoarticular metabolism. Thus, we aimed to compare early castration (3 days after birth) with traditional castration (18 months of age) in horses. Testosterone and estradiol levels were monitored from birth to 33 months in both groups. We quantified the levels of biomarkers of cartilage and bone anabolism (CPII and N-MID) and catabolism (CTX-I and CTX-II), as well as of osteoarthritis (HA and COMP) and inflammation (IL-6 and PGE2). We observed a lack of parallelism between testosterone and estradiol synthesis after birth and during puberty in both groups. The extra-gonadal synthesis of steroids was observed around the 28-month mark, regardless of the castration age. We found the expression of estrogen receptor (ESR1) in cartilage and bone, whereas androgen receptor (AR) expression appeared to be restricted to bone. Nevertheless, with respect to osteoarticular metabolism, steroid hormone deprivation resulting from early castration had no discernable impact on the levels of biomarkers related to bone and cartilage metabolism, nor on those associated with OA and inflammation. Consequently, our research demonstrated that early castration does not disrupt bone and cartilage homeostasis.
Moisture Migration and Recharge Pattern of Low-Permeability Thick Cohesive Soil in Northern Margin of the Jianghan Plain

An extremely low hydraulic conductivity of cohesive soil causes a low transport rate of water and solute, with a time-consuming result, as we all know. Stable isotopes (δD and δ18O) and in situ monitoring systems of the data about soil water, rainfall, and groundwater were used to analyze the soil moisture migration pattern, using a conceptual model in the field test site, simulated by Hydrus 1D. The results show that multiple rainfalls’ accumulations can cause the water to recharge from soil moisture to micro-confined groundwater, gradually. The soil moisture dynamic change is composed of a dehydration period and absorption period; the cohesive soil water content below 5.0 m was affected by the micro-confined groundwater level and dehydrated in advance due to the level decline. The thick cohesive soil profile can be divided into a shallow mixing zone (0–2 m), steady zone (2–5 m), and deep mixing zone (5–15 m). The effective precipitation recharge was 234 mm and the average infiltration recharge coefficient (Rc) was 0.1389, but the water exchange between the cohesive soil moisture and groundwater was 349 mm in two hydrological years. This paper reveals the moisture migration and recharge pattern of low-permeability thick cohesive soil in a humid area with a micro-confined groundwater aquifer; this is of great significance for groundwater resources evaluation and environmental protection in humid climate plain areas.
Comparison of Two Heuristic Algorithms for Correlation Clustering Problem Solving

This paper compares two heuristic algorithms for solving the correlation clustering problem (CCP). CCP is solved for undirected and unweighted simple signed graphs, where error functional is combination of intercluster and intracluster errors, which is NP-complete. A detailed description of the strategy of our algorithm SGClusta is given. The main focus is on comparing the well-known iterated local search (ILS) algorithm and SGClusta on model data. The results of computational experiments demonstrate that these algorithms are comparable in terms of the error value, however, SGClusta is significantly faster.
Impact of Corporate Governance Attributes on Dividend Payout: A Study of Indian Corporate Sector

The paper examines the impact of corporate governance attributes on the dividend payout of Indian corporate sector. The study considered corporate firms from five major sectors which are pharmaceutical, FMCG, automobile, textile and IT. The top fifteen firms have chosen for the sample which are listed on S&P BSE Index from the year 2010-11 to 2019-20. The collected data has been analyzed using GLS regression technique. Some variables of corporate governance such as board size, board independence and ownership structure taken as independent variables and dividend payout ratio is considered as dependent variable. The results of the study exhibited that there is significant and positive impact of corporate governance elements on dividend policy except board independence which is negatively associated to dividend payout. The study revealed that corporate governance practices aid to eliminate agency problem between management and shareholders.
The Impact of Future Climate Change on China's Food Security

This paper analyzes the positive and negative impacts of future climate change on agricultural production in China,explores adaptive countermeasures in response to climate change,identifies the impacts of agricultural meteorological disasters on food security,and makes a simulation analysis on the impacts on food security with different scenarios of climate change and adaptive measurements.The simulation results shows that the decline in grain yields owing to temperature rise would bring some unfavorable impacts on grain production in China,and,except in Northeast China,grain production will decline in other five regions in China,which poses a major threat to China's food security in future.Seasonal drought in some provinces would affect regional food security in the arid and semi-arid regions of northern and northwestern China.Adaptive countermeasures in response to climate change help achieve the purpose of avoiding disadvantages.The promotion of double cropping system of rice in the Yangtze River Basin and the rest of South China could take the advantage of the temperature rise,and the accumulated temperature rise in these regions could significantly increase rice yield.The introduction of new varieties and technological improvement play an important role in improving the national grain production.The application of combined countermeasures would make more significant achievements for the increase in the grain production in China.
The third introduced species of amber snail (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Succineidae) from Japan

The Succineidae Beck, 1837 are a family of terrestrial mollusks that are increasingly transported worldwide in horticultural trade. Succineids are extremely difficult to identify morphologically, especially if collected from locations beyond their native range and in the absence of knowledge of their native provenance. In this study, we report an unidentified species of the Succineidae in a flower bed of Petunia sp. , Ariake, Tokyo, Japan. A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene was sequenced, and the shell and genital morphologies were compared with those of other similar species. This is the third succineid species introduced in Japan, as a species found in the field.
Stress and Right Prefrontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Interactive Effects on Visual Working Memory and Learning

Stress impacts prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity and modulates working memory performance. In a recent study, stimulating the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) interacted with social stress in modulating participants’ working memory. More specifically, stress disrupted the enhancing effects of dlPFC tDCS on working memory performance. The current study aimed to further explore these initial findings by randomizing healthy females to four experimental conditions (N = 130); stimulation (right dlPFC tDCS vs. sham) and stress manipulation (social stress vs. control). Participants performed cognitive tasks (i.e., visual working memory task and a visual declarative memory task) at baseline and post-stimulation. They also completed self-report measures of stress and anxiety. A significant stimulation × stress interaction was evident in the declarative memory (One-Card Learning, OCL) task, while working memory performance was unaffected. Though tDCS stimulation and stress did not interact to affect working memory, further research is warranted as these initial findings suggest that immediate visual-memory learning may be affected by these factors. The limited number of earlier studies, as well as the variability in their designs, provides additional impetus for studying the interactive effects of stress and tDCS on human visual learning.
Structural equation modeling to estimate treatment adherence based on the light triad of personality and sense of coherence in patients with type-2 diabetes: examining the mediating role of psychological well-being

Background The current study investigated the relationship between the light triad of personality and self-coherence with treatment adherence in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Psychological well-being was considered a mediator variable in this SEM assessment. Method A cross-sectional study by convenience sampling was conducted, and 368 patients with T2DM were recruited from 10 private practice and general hospitals from May to November 2021 in Gilan province, Iran. The Reef’s Psychological Well-being Questionnaire, the Light Triad Rating Scale, and Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence Scale were used for data collection. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the model fitness and identify direct/indirect relationships among variables. Data were analyzed by the SPSS (Version 26) and AMOS software (Version 24). Results The average score of light triads, sense of coherence, psychological well-being, and treatment adherence were 70.36 ± 25.55, 108.25 ± 37.68, 57.03 ± 23.84, and 106.81 ± 39.61, respectively. Model fit statistics suggest that the measurement model fits the data well: χ2 (146, N = 368) = 314.011 (p < 0.001). The SEM results showed that the light triad of personality (β = 0.12) and self-coherence (β = 0.14) were positively associated with treatment adherence. Anxiety, the light triad of personality (β = 0.12), and self-coherence (β = 0.14) affect treatment adherence indirectly through psychological well-being. Conclusion The analysis of the SEM revealed that the suggested model had a suitable goodness of fit. So, using self-coherence and psychological well-being structures in designing interventional programs is recommended to optimize treatment adherence in patients with T2DM.
Analyses on Surface Radiation Budget in Northern Tibetan Plateau

Using GAME/Tibet (GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment in the Tibetan Plateau) IOP data of 1998, K↓(downward shortwave radiation), K↑(upward shortwave radiation), L↑(upward longwave radiation), L↓(downward longwave radiation), R_(n)(net radiation flux) and surface reflectance of pre- and mid- and post-summer monsoons in the northern Tibetan plateau are analyzed in this paper. Some new results are obtained in the northern Tibetan plateau.
APPLICATION TO METEOROLOGICAL DATA ASSIMILATION

Meteorological models are used to predict the weather, study atmospheric processes, and provide input to decision makers on the consequences of increased greenhouse gas emissions to the Earth’s climate. Predictions of future atmospheric states are accomplished as an initial value or marching problem, where the initial atmospheric state is specifi ed and the variables are advanced in time using numerical techniques. The challenge of data assimilation in meteorology is to estimate, based on a set of limited observations of varying types, the complete three- dimensional atmospheric state at a given time to provide an initial value for a meteorological model. The observations used to help estimate the atmospheric state are obtained from a variety of sensors and platforms. Both rawinsondes, often called radiosondes, and surface stations provide routine in situ observations of pressure, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed and direction. A rawinsonde is a balloon-borne measurement system that provides a vertical profile of the variables several times a day, while surface observations are taken only at the surface but provide observations at hourly intervals. Ships and buoys also provide routine observations near the water surface at hourly intervals. Commercial aircraft in some countries often provide in situ observations along their flight legs, with vertical profiles provided at their departure and arrival locations. Unfortunately, these in situ observations are unevenly distributed over the Earth, being much more dense over land areas and in the northern hemisphere. Remotely sensed observations from satellites and radars provide additional data sources for estimating an initial atmospheric state. Satellite observations of radiances cover large swaths of several hundred kilometers in width as the satellite circles the globe from pole to pole. These data provide greatly improved coverage over the APPLICATION TO METEOROLOGICAL DATA ASSIMILATION
A routing method with the approach of reducing energy consumption in WSNs with the Jellyfish Search (JS) optimizer algorithm and unequal clustering

Wireless sensor networks are among the most common communication tools used in military and civilian fields. These networks consist of many tiny devices called sensor nodes. Each node has processing capability and different types of memory, transmitter, radio frequency receiver, and power supply. In addition, nodes house sensors and actuators. Batteries usually power sensor nodes and need to operate longer without their presence. In most cases, changing or recharging the battery for sensor nodes is very difficult or even impossible. Designing routing protocols in wireless sensor networks is challenging due to network limitations, with an emphasis on energy efficiency. The proposed method uses a hierarchical routing mechanism to optimize routing using asymmetric clustering. The sensor nodes are asymmetrically clustered in the proposed method, and the cluster heads are selected using the Jellyfish Search (JS) optimizer algorithm. The problem of optimal clustering is an optimization problem, so in this research, the Jellyfish Search algorithm is used to provide the most optimal clusters in routing. Due to the utilization of a search mechanism based on chaos theory in the Jellyfish Search optimization, the proposed method exhibits high accuracy in clustering and optimal routing within wireless sensor networks. Evaluations indicate that the proposed method achieves lower energy consumption and longer network lifetime compared to GWO, MO-PSO, WGWO, and HMBCR algorithms.
Study of the normal force and velocity influence on the fused silica scratching mechanisms with a-alumina grit at atomic scale via Reaxff reactive 
molecular dynamic simulations

: The fused silica is an optical glass material employed in several industries, which is usually grinded and polished to obtained ultra-smooth surface. α-alumina is often employed to get this surface. The scratching testing is a powerful technique to assess the process conditions that provoke the process induced damages. Normal force applied on abrasives and sliding velocity are main parameters to be considered in the scratching testing. Although the scratching mechanical mechanisms of the fused silica have previously been studied in depth, its chemical mechanisms have poorly been analysed. In this paper, the Reaxff reactive molecular dynamic simulation is used to study these mechanical and chemical mechanisms in various scratching processes under different velocities and normal loads. The results showed dissimilar types of scratching (penetration, penetration with dragging and dragging) according to the velocity and normal force. The scratching depth was higher at larger normal force and slower velocity.
Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis in Addisamba and Amarit District of West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Regional State

Cross sectional study was conducted in Addisamba and Amarit district of West Gojjam administrative zone from November 2011 to May 2012 to determine the current prevalence rate of bovine trypanosomosis. In the parasitological survey, blood samples of 392 cattle were examined using a buffy coat technique. The PCV value of each animal was also measured using hematocrit reader. The overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was found to be 1.02% and it consists of 0.9 and 1.2 in Addisamba and Amarit, district peasant associations, respectively. The positive cases were due to Trypanosoma vivax. The mean PCV value (%) of parasitaemic and aparasitaemic animals during the study period were 25±2.16 SD and 26±4.19 SD with a no significance difference (p >0.05). The study also demonstrated no variations in prevalence among different age groups and between both sexes which were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Infection rate in poor body condition animals were not higher than good body condition animals and statistically were insignificant (p > 0.05). The present prevalent study generated valuable information on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis in the study area. Although the present study revealed low prevalence, implementing control of trypanosomosis with an integrated approaches have paramount importance in the study sites.