Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Selection and Identification of Nitrogen Fixation Rhizospheric and Endophytic Bacteria from Maize ( Zea Mays L.) Grown on the Soil

— N-free medium (Nfb, LGI and Burks) were used to isolate bacteria having nitrogen fixation characteristics. Quantitative measurement by colorimetric methods helped to select the best isolates of nitrogen-fixing and IAA biosynthesis. The result of isolation was a total of 30 rhizopheric and 150 endophytic isolates having the both abilities. Sixty isolates having good biofertilizer activity were chosen to study. Isolates strains have both nitrogen fixation produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in vitro. Six selected isolates had 16S rDNA sequences similarities with bacterial strains in data of GenBank with the values ranging between 94% and 99% of similarity in which includes strains of Enterobacter ludwigii DNL14, Enterobacter kobei DNT5, Bacillus pumilus DBT4, Klebsiella pneumoniae DNR5, Lactobacillus plantarum DLR6, Pseudomonas nitroreducens DND5. Especially, strains of endophytic isolates root maize origin as Klebsiella pneumoniae DNR5 biofertilizer activities synthesized average highest as NH4 (5.64 mg/L) and IAA (5.29mg/L) which can be exploited for enhancing soil fertility and plant growth.
Structural and Mutagenic Analysis of Metallo- (cid:2) -Lactamase IMP-18

IMP-type metallo- (cid:2) -lactamases (MBLs) are exogenous zinc metalloenzymes that hydrolyze a broad range of (cid:2) -lactams, includ-ing carbapenems. Here we report the crystal structure of IMP-18, an MBL cloned from Pseudomonas aeruginosa , at 2.0-Å resolution. The overall structure of IMP-18 resembles that of IMP-1, with an (cid:3)(cid:2) / (cid:2)(cid:3) “folded sandwich” conﬁguration, but the loop that covers the active site has a distinct conformation. The relationship between IMP-18’s loop conformation and its kinetic properties was investigated by replacing the amino acid residues that can affect the loop conformation (Lys44, Thr50, and Ile69) in IMP-18 with those occupying the corresponding positions in the well-described enzyme IMP-1. The replacement of Thr50 with Pro considerably modiﬁed IMP-18’s kinetic properties, speciﬁcally those pertaining to meropenem, with the k cat / K m value increased by an order of magnitude. The results indicate that this is a key residue that deﬁnes the kinetic properties of IMP-type (cid:2) -lactamases.
JointInflammationin the

For in vivo labeling of granulocytes anti-granu locyte monoclonal antibodies, both 1231and 99mTchave been applied to bone and joint imaging (33,34). Studies indicate that the antibody labeling does not affect gran ulocyte function such as chemotaxis or superoxide gen eration (35). In a study of 45 patients, including 25 with suspected bone/joint infection, excellent results
This information is current as Subsets Polar Opposites : Erk Direction of CD 4 T Cell

Effective immune responses depend upon appropriate T cell differentiation in accord with the nature of an infectious agent, and the contingency of differentiation depends minimally on TCR, coreceptor, and cytokine signals. In this reverse genetic study, we show that the MAPK Erk2 is not essential for T cell proliferation in the presence of optimum costimulation. Instead, it has opposite effects on T-bet and Gata3 expression and, hence, on Th1 and Th2 differentiation. Alternatively, in the presence of TGF-b, the Erk pathway suppresses a large program of gene expression, effectively limiting the differentiation of Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. In the latter case, the mechanisms involved include suppression of Gata3 and Foxp3, induction of Tbx21, phosphorylation of Smad2,3, and possibly suppression of Socs2, a positive inducer of Stat5 signaling. Consequently, loss of Erk2 severely impeded Th1 differentiation while enhancing the development of Foxp3 +-induced T regulatory cells. Selected profiles of gene expression under multiple conditions of T cell activation illustrate the opposing consequences of Erk pathway signaling. T he differentiation of T cells in response to infectious agents constitutes an essential step in effective immune responses. Minimally, Ag-stimulated T cells can take on one of four programs of cytokine production and effector function: IFN-g–secreting Th1 cells effective against viruses and intracellular microbes, IL-4–secreting Th2 cells most effective against hel-minths, IL-17–secreting Th17 cells effective against extracellular microbes, and induced regulatory T cells (iTregs) that limit inflammation and autoimmunity (1). These differentiation programs are engaged in response to cytokines and the conditions of Ag presentation, but the T cell-intrinsic signaling pathways that are operative are not entirely understood. The signaling pathway from membrane-bound receptors to the activation of Erk is found in every cell type in metazoan species. Erk interacts with many substrates and regulators to modulate signal transduction in the cytoplasm, as well as to program gene expression in the nucleus (2, 3). It constitutes a highly connected node in the matrix of cell signaling. The effects include cell-cycle progression, lineage specification and cellular differentiation, survival , chemotaxis, learning and memory, and the elaboration of cell-type–specific functions. The two Erk isoforms appear to act additively in cell cycle control (4); a loss of Erk1 (Mpk3) function reveals few phenotypic changes, whereas even a hemizygous loss of Erk2 (Mpk1) causes embryonic lethality in some strains of mice (5–8). The origin of Erk2 loss-of-function lethality was due, in part, to failure of the polar …
Weighting methods for population‐based case–control studies with complex sampling

Summary. Complex sample designs, involving stratified and/or multistage sampling with sample weighting, along with frequency matching, are used to select controls or cases for case–control studies. Examples that motivated this paper are the Kaposi sarcoma case–control study that was conducted in Sicily and the US kidney cancer case–control study. Survey design‐based approaches can be inefficient for the analysis of case–control studies with frequency matching. We propose a weighting method that post‐stratifies control sample weights to the estimated population distribution of the matching variables among cases. This weighting maintains the efficiency of frequency matching. The method proposed is evaluated by using simulation studies and is applied to the two case–control studies.
Potassium release and fixation in old Brahmaputra and Ganges tidal floodplain soils of Bangladesh

Plant availability of soil K is controlled by dynamic interactions among solution, exchangeable and nonexchangeable pools. Potassium (K + ) directly released from primary K-bearing minerals can contribute to plant nutrition. The objective of this research was to assess short-term K + release and fixation on Barisal silt (Barisal) and Chhiatasilty clay loam (BAU-Bangladesh Agricultural University) soils, which are intensively cropped with rice. Potassium sorption and desorption properties and the contributions of exchangeable K + (EK) and nonexchangeable K + (NEK) pools to K + dynamics of the soil-solution system was measured using a modified quantity-to-intensity (Q/I)
University of Birmingham Early and late effects of semantic distractors on electroencephalographic responses during overt picture naming

This study investigated the nature of the interference effect of semantically related distractors in the picture-word interference paradigm, which has been claimed to be caused by either competition between lexical representations of target and distractor or by a late response exclusion mechanism that removes the distractor from a response buffer. EEG was recorded while participants overtly named pictures accompanied by categorically related versus unrelated written distractor words. In contrast to previous studies, stimuli were presented for only 250 ms to avoid any re-processing. ERP effects of relatedness were found around 290, 470, 540, and 660 ms post stimulus onset. In addition, related distractors led to an increase in midfrontal theta power, especially from about 440 to 540 ms, as well as to decreased high beta power between 40 and 110 ms and increased high beta power between 275 and 340 ms post stimulus onset. Response-locked analyses showed no differences in ERPs, however increased low and high beta power for related distractors in various time windows, most importantly a high beta power increase between − 175 and − 155 ms before speech onset. These results suggest that the semantic distractor effect is a combination of various effects and that the lexical competition account and the response exclusion account each capture a part, but not all aspects of the effect.
Thiopental and Nuclear Factor (cid:1) B: Some Questions

To the Editor:—In their very interesting study, Loop et al. demonstrate an inhibitory effect of thiopental on nuclear factor B (NFB) activation in T cells. However, we missed some essential background information in the discussion. First, the concentration of thiopental used in this study is much higher than plasma concentrations noted in clinical practice or in other models presenting inhibitory effects of thiopental on interferon (IFN) production. Second, the fact that thiopental suppresses NFB translocation in T cells may not directly reflect general immune suppression. Regulation of cytokines in T cells is simplified in this article and may lead to false interpretation. Therefore, it would be helpful to give some more information beyond that provided by the authors in their statement that “other transcription factors may be involved. ” Cytokine expression is regulated in a cell-type and stimuli-specific manner. This might explain why Loop et al. were not able to demonstrate any effect of propofol on cytokine production or NFB activation, whereas Takaono et al. describe inhibition of interleukin 6 (IL-6) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells after propofol treatment. In the same study, thiopental (up to 200 g/ l) had no significant effect on IL-6 production. Furthermore, the ability of transcription factors to bind DNA and modulate gene transcriptions is tightly regulated in normal cells. There are four transcription factors that play a major role in the regulation of inflammatory gene expression: activator protein 1, activating transcription factor 2, signal transducers and activators of transcription, and NFB (and, in T cells, nuclear factor of activated T cells [NFAT]). The pattern of their activation regulates expression of inflammatory mediators. Inhibition of one transcription factor may include enhanced activation of another factor. Loop et al. show that thiopental reduces the production of IL-2, IL-6, and IFNin phorbol-12-myristate-13acetate–stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The authors conclude that this is due to the inhibitory effect of thiopental on NFB activation. However, the transcription of IL-2 and IFNrequires the activation of NFAT and activator protein 1 more than that of NFB. This is of importance since NFAT is also required for transcription of IL-10, an antiinflammatory cytokine induced by thiopental. In this regard it also must be mentioned that the regulation of IFNseems to be different in Jurkat cells than in “normal” T cells. In addition, the presentation of NFAT binding in the presence of other anesthetics would have been very interesting since it has been shown that ketamine decreases cytokine production in whole blood preparations at concentrations comparable to those used by Loop et al. Furthermore, it has been shown that ketamine suppresses endotoxin-induced NFB activation in other models. Therefore, it is surprising that Loop et al. do not see any effect of ketamine on NFB activation in T cells or on cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Matlab-based finite difference frequency domain modeling and its inversion for subsurface sensing

This dissertation focuses on the application of finite difference frequency domain method at propagation and scattering in lossy, inhomogeneous media for forward and inverse electromagnetic problems. The research is roughly split into two parts. The first part develops the forward modeling referred as Matlab-based FDFD method for the electrical field distribution in the inhomogeneous media for subsurface sensing. The suggested approach for solving the sparse and large matrix equation is one of the Krylov subspace iterative methods: Parameter-tuned Loose-General Minimum Residue (P-LGMRES) method which speed up computation without extra memory requirement relative to LGMRES method. The Matlab-based FDFD model has been validated by theoretical analysis and numerical experiments, and its accuracy has been compared to other models used in the literature. The highlight of this forward modeling is its ability to handle the complicated inhomogeneous media with easy implementation, which is essential to subsurface sensing such as breast tumor detection since body tissues are always heterogeneous. The forward modeling serves to estimate field distribution and for error analysis, the function of inverse modeling is to detect and reconstruct objects based on measured data. The traditional inversion algorithm more or less depends on the Green Function which is difficult to derive for complicated geometry. The FDFD-based inversion algorithm developed in this study avoids having to calculate the Green Function by utilizing the matrix equation characteristic to construct relation between any two points of interest in the inverse problem. This algorithm is examined by the traditional Green function-based Born Approximation (GFBA) inversion model and other numerical experiments such as the objects detection in half space and the breast tumor detection. The algorithm's good performance suggests that FDFD-based inversion technique is a promising technique for location and detection of the subsurface objects without extensive calculation of complicated Green functions with reasonable computational time.
Unrepresented Litigants in Modern Courts – Ordeal by Combat

Self-represented litigants in England and Wales, as well as many other countries, form a large heterogeneous proportion of the population. In contrast, the justice system provides for the whole population a standard platform that cannot accommodate the variability in education, ability, personal characteristics and circumstances. In addition, there are high barriers to access, including high costs, excessive formalities and unclear interpretation of the law. These barriers are prevalent even in venues of justice designed to be public-friendly. To provide justice for all, the legal system needs to assimilate latest scientific findings on individual differences and minimise barriers to access.
Synthetic Photosensitizer in Periodontal Antimicrobial-Photodynamic Therapy: Evolution and Biological Role in Clinical Protocols

The Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (A-PDT) provides the presence of photosensitizing agents and chromophores, particular dyes in suspension or liquid phase mixture, and the presence of a light with a specific wavelength. Their interaction is able to determine at subgingival level and in areas of complex clean ability, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and singlet oxygen atoms. The lights used in PDT have usually 380-700 nm of wavelengths, and are overall Lasers. Articles, for this overview, have been analyzed from database of PubMed, ResearchGate, Scopus and texts and materials available at the university library system (SBA-UNIMI) in the period between 1995-2019. All material prior to 1995 was excluded, excluding historical revisions and milestone papers. Hematoporphyrin ester and Hematoporphyrin in hydrochloric acid, Toluidine Blue, Methylene Blue, Poli-L-Lysine and Chlorin E6 conjugated, Green Indocyanine, Fenotiazine chloride are the most used in periodontal A-PDT. There is an urgent need to focus in vitro studies and assessments on the progressive standardization of protocols. These parameters can provide a global and accepted clinical and scientific validation to a therapy that integrates, completes and improves the vision of mini-invasiveness requirements in the knowledge of modern nonsurgical periodontology and are targeted to perform severe clinical protocol design.
Genotype and Phenotype Patterns of Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1 Resistance to Enfuvirtide during Long-Term Treatment

The human immunodeﬁciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide has recently been introduced into clinical practice and has exhibited efﬁcient anti-HIV-1 activity in combination with other antiretroviral agents. In the present study, we addressed the effect of long-term treatment with enfuvirtide on the intrahost evolution of HIV-1. The genotype and phenotype patterns and the relative replication capacity (rRC) of enfuvirtide-resistant HIV-1 mutants were evaluated in samples from 11 subjects (7 virological nonresponders and 4 responders) who received the compound for more than 1 year in combination with different regimens. Selection of one or more mutations clustering in a sequence (amino acids 36 to 45) of the gp41 N-terminal heptad repeat was observed in samples from the seven virological nonresponders gp41 downstream from the HR domains. The point mutation introduced was conservative. Both ampliﬁed products were puriﬁed of the primers and used as templates in two different single-primer ampliﬁcation reactions, each with a speciﬁc external primer (BsaBI and HpaI, respectively), in order to obtain single-stranded ampliﬁcation products. Five microliters each of these reaction mixtures was incubated together in the same tube at 25°C for 1 h ofannealing, and then the mixture was added to a standard PCR mixture with the external primers BsaBI and HpaI. Thirty-ﬁve ampliﬁcation cycles were performed. Under these conditions, the separate but partially overlapping ampliﬁed products were joined and their products incorporated the deletion of the N-HR–C-HR sequence and introduced a novel SnaBI site in its place. The ﬁnal ampliﬁed product was puriﬁed, restricted with BsaBI and HpaI, and ligated into the correspondingly cut pNL mod vector. Positive clones were subsequently raised and sequenced bidi- rectionally. One of them (pNL (cid:5) HR) was grown for plasmid puriﬁcation; the modiﬁed HIV-1 molecular clone bore the deletion of the fusion peptide–N-HR– C-HR portion of the gp41 ectodomain, the introduction of a unique SnaBI restriction site across the splice site, and no other modiﬁcation in the original viral sequence. Once this prototype clone was reconstituted by the insertion of exogenous HR sequences, replication competence was restored. Recombinant Five thousand U87 cells CXCR4 were seeded in each well of round-bottom 96-well plates and for 16 h. For each molecular clone recombinant the HR the NL4/3 clone, 30 ng the plasmid transfected onto the cells in each well using Lipofectin reagent Technologies, instructions manufacturer. two replicate wells for each recombinant were incubated in normal
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVA AND IVERMECTIN VERSUS ALBENDAZOLE ON EXPERIMENTAL TRICHINELLOSIS IN MICE By

Anthelminthics are used for trichinellosis elimination in intestine and encysted larvae in muscles. This study evaluated the effects of Nigella sativa , ivermectin versus albendazole on experimental trichinellosis. One hundred and twenty mice were orally infected with 200 larvae of T. spiralis/ mouse. Drugs were tested against mature worms in the small intestine at 7 days post infection (dpi) and encysted larvae at 35 dpi. Parasitological assessment by counting of adult worms and encysted larvae was done as well as histopathologically. Biochemical measur-ing of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein, albumin, globulin, and urea, creatinine and creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) values was done. High significant reductions in mean adult count was detected in N. sativa prophylactic, ivermectin and albendazole treated mice with efficacies of 45.9%, 97.4% & 83.6% respectively with mild significant reduction in N. sativa treated mice with percent reduction 26.5%. At 35 dpi, there was high significant reduction in mean larval count as compared to the control infected mice with reduction of 43.7%, 65.3%, 99.4% & 80% in N. sativa prophylactic, N. sativa treated, ivermectin and albendazole respectively. Reduction of AST, ALT, urea, creatinine and CPK levels but total proteins increased in all treated mice compared to corresponding infected non-treated ones. Ivermectin gave the best results and continued for treating T. spiralis.
High-Sensitivity Troponin I and Coronary Computed Tomography in Symptomatic Outpatients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease Insights From the PROMISE Trial

OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to examine associations between concentrations of high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) (measured by using a single-molecule counting method) and obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in 1,844 stable, symptomatic outpatients with suspected CAD randomized to undergo coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the PROMISE (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain) trial. BACKGROUND Elevated concentrations of hsTnI are associated with CAD in patients with myocardial infarction. The meaning of hsTnI concentrations in stable symptomatic outpatients is not well understood. METHODS Clinical characteristics and CTA results (including coronary artery calcium [CAC] scores) were expressed across hsTnI quartiles. Determinants of hsTnI concentration were identi ﬁ ed. Multivariable logistic regression identi ﬁ ed independent predictors of obstructive CAD 50 ( $ 50% stenosis in any vessel) and CAD 70 ( $ 70% stenosis or $ 50% left main). RESULTS The median hsTnI concentration was 1.5 ng/l; nearly all (98.5%) subjects had measurable hsTnI, and 6.1% had concentrations $ 99th percentile concentration for this assay (6 ng/l). Higher CAC scores, as well as more prevalent and diffuse CAD, was seen in upper hsTnI quartiles (all p < 0.001). Independent predictors of hsTnI concentrations included age, sex, and CAC score (all p < 0.05). After adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, log-transformed
Efﬁcient interpolation and evolution of parton distribution functions

We present an efﬁcient numerical solution of the DGLAP equations for single and double parton distribution functions (PDFs and DPDs), based on the Chebyshev interpolation of these functions. For PDF evolution, our method allows for a higher numerical accuracy using a considerably smaller number of grid points compared to other methods. The DPD evolution is realized using an affordable number of grid points, and allows for two independent renormalization scales for the two partons. Both methods include NNLO DGLAP kernels and ﬂavor matching.