Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the nature and role of the lower crust in the volcanic front of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and its fore-arc region, southern and central Mexico

With the main objective of further constraining models that debate how and where magmas are generated in the Mexican subduction factory, how they ascend through the overlying viscous layers, and how and where they interact with the traversed crust to produce the diversity of the magmas that compose the system, the nature of the lower crust and its immediate surroundings under the volcanic front of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB), as well as its fore-arc in southern Mexico, are analyzed and integrally characterized in this work. The study is mainly based on the analysis of geophysical and geological existing and new data, as well as on our new data obtained from deep-seated xenoliths. Taken as that part of the crust located from the Moho to a depth of 20–25 km below the surface, it is concluded from our analysis that all of the lower crust in the study area should be in the granulite facies, if geophysical modeling correctly predicted temperatures of 700–800oC for its base, and a crustal thickness varying between 40 and 45 km. Xenoliths and surface geology information, when integrated to tectonic modeling, support the notion that most of the lower crust under the eastern and central sectors of the TMVB should be of Mesoproterozoic age, and tectonically overlapped by Paleozoic and Mesozoic juvenile crust in the central sector and its corresponding fore-arc region. It is also concluded in this work, in agreement with recent seismological high resolution studies, that the apparent differences existing between geophysical modeling and the P-T conditions required to generate the primary andesitic, dacitic and adakitic magmas that characterize the TMVB in the study area, may be resolved if the angle of the slab that extends northward and beyond the fl at segment is increased substantially, thus creating optimal thermal and rheological conditions in a mantle wedge under the volcanic front much thicker than currently accepted. These conditions would increase the temperature of the entire subduction system to values that would permit the generation of such primary magmas by partial melting of the basaltic part of the subducting slab, the mantle wedge, and the mafi c lower crust.
Characterization of wave climate and extreme events into the SW Spanish and Wales coasts as a first step to define their wave energy potential

ABSTRACT Rangel- Buitrago, N. , Anfuso, G. , Alvarez, O. , Phillips, M. , Thomas, T. , M. Forero. 2013. Characterization of wave climate and extreme events into the SW Spanish and Wales coasts as a first step to define their wave energy potential. Proceedings 13th International Coastal Symposium (Durban, South Africa), Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 70, pp. 314–319, ISSN 0749-0208. The characterization of wave climate and extreme events is a key issue for planning coastal and offshore activities. The energy sector is obliged to use alternative sources directed towards environment friendly renewable energy. Ocean waves constitute a potential source of this kind of energy and detailed knowledge of site specific wave climates constitutes the first step in developing a wave energy system. Consequently, this work deals with the analysis of wave climate at Cadiz (SW Spanish Atlantic coast) and Tenby (S Wales, UK). At the former site, wave records include 22 years of data covering the period between 1987 and 2008. Offshore wave climate showed clear cyclic variations in average monthly significant wave height (Hs). Waves were usually low (Hs<0.8 m, Cadiz - Hs<1.0 m, Tenby) from May to August (late spring to summer), reaching minimum values in August (Hs = 0.6 m Cadiz - Hs = 1.0 m Tenby). Winter waves rapidly increased in height, reaching peak values (Hs = 1.2 m, Cadiz, Hs = 2.1 m, Tenby) between December and January. Energy patterns calculated using the equation of wave energy flux, showed monthly averages at Cadiz and Tenby of circa 5 kW/m and 15 kW/m respectively that reached average values of 37 kW/m and 155 kW/m respectively, during winter. Despite this, Atlantic coastal locations receive less attention when compared with other coastlines around the world since they are considered to be relatively calm areas. Wave power values recorded in this research suggest that the SW Spanish Atlantic and South Wales coastal areas are potential sources of renewable energy.
ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines and the European society of cardiology committee for PRAC

Sidney C. Smith, Jr, MD, FACC, FAHA, FESC, Chair; Alice K. Jacobs, MD, FACC, FAHA, Vice-Chair; Cynthia D. Adams, MSN, APRN-BC, FAHA; Jeffery L. Anderson, MD, FACC, FAHA; Elliott M. Antman, MD, FACC, FAHA[‡][1]; Jonathan L. Halperin, MD, FACC, FAHA; Sharon Ann Hunt, MD, FACC, FAHA; Rick Nishimura,
[Guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation. Executive summary].

With Atrial Fibrillation: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines and Policy Conferences (Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in Collaboration With the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology
Education and the World's Most Rapid Fertility Decline in Iran

A first analysis of the Iran 2006 census results shows a sensationally low fertility level of 1.9 for the whole country and only 1.5 for the Tehran area (which has about 8 million people). The lowest total fertility rate of 1.3 was recorded for Gilan and Mazandaran provinces. In a recent study, Abbasi-Shavazi and McDonald (2006) emphasized the likely role of greatly improved female education in this trend. However, this hypothesis has not been thoroughly tested and they have not yet provided any formal analysis on this important factor. In the conclusions they express the expectation that fertility in Iran would continue to fall well below replacement level. This paper follows up on the Abbasi-Shavazi and McDonald (2006) paper in two important ways: 1) It presents fertility estimates based on the 2006 census which indicate a substantial further fertility decline; and 2) it presents reconstructions (back to 1970) and projections (to 2030) of the population of Iran by age, sex and level of educational attainment. It decomposes quantitatively to what extent this precipitous fertility decline can be attributed to the rapidly increasing educational attainment of women, and draws more general conclusions for theories of fertility decline.
Morphological evolution of the pectoral girdle of pterosaurs: myology and function

Abstract The musculature of the pectoral region of representative rhamphorhynchoid (Campylognathoides) and large pterodactyloid (Anhanguera) pterosaurs was reconstructed in order to examine the function of various muscles and the functional consequences of the evolution of the advanced pectoral girdle of large pterodactyloids. The reconstructions suggest that m. supracoracoideus was not an elevator of the wing, but instead depressed and flexed the humerus. m. latissimus dorsi, m. teres major, m. deltoides scapularis, and m. scapulohumeralis anterior were wing elevators. Comparison of the origin, insertion and function of muscles in the rhamphorhynchoid and the large pterodactyloid suggests that the evolution of the advanced pectoral girdle: (1) straightened the pull of m. pectoralis, m. deltoides scapularis and m. teres major, improving their function in wing elevation; (2) allowed ligaments rather than muscles to resist the tendency of those muscles to move the scapula; and (3) braced the pectoral girdle against the vertebral column so that the tendency of m. latissimus dorsi and of aerodynamic lift on the wing to move the scapulocoracoid medially and dorsally, thereby compressing the thorax, could be resisted. The osteological and myological complexity of the advanced pectoral girdle, its uniqueness among tetrapods and its association with other complex osteological features argue that the advanced pectoral girdle is a synapomorphy complex of a single clade of large pterodactyloids, rather than a mere correlate of large size evolved convergently in various lineages.
Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic implications of the Late‐Quaternary sediment record of Vico volcanic lake (central Italy)

A 15‐m‐long sediment core recovered from the Lago di Vico caldera lake in central Italy has been the subject of macrofacies description and sedimentological (organic carbon content, grain size and mineralogy) investigation. The results have been integrated with the pollen data from the same core in order to provide a regional climatic and environmental history, with inferences on past lake levels and on moisture and temperature regimes. Radiometric (14C and 40Ar/39Ar) dating, biostratigraphical considerations and tephra analyses provide a chronological framework and indicate that the sequence spans the last 90 000 yr. Several moist periods have been identified that were characterised by enhanced weathering by hydrolysis of the catchment rocks. These alternated with relatively dry phases associated with lowering of lake‐levels. The lowest hydrolysis efficiency of the whole record, accompanied by notable aeolian deposition, was attained during the last glacial phase but moisture conditions were such that the lake‐level did not decrease, probably owing to reduced temperatures. Evidence for cool climate also emerges for the early Pleniglacial. The highest available moisture was achieved within the Holocene at 5 kyr BP. The Late Holocene does not show either increase of aridity or degradation of the vegetation cover, until at least Roman times. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytosociological Studies of the vegetation of Sarsawa Hills District Kotli, Azad Jammu & Kashmir

Patterns of species composition and diversity in the lesser Himalayan subtropical forests of Kashmir were studied in relation to environmental variables and underlying anthropogenic influence. Pinus-Poa-Maytenus, Myrsine-Themeda, Pinus, ColebrookiaThemeda-Dodonaea, Themeda-Carissa-Adhatoda, Themeda-Dodonaea-Eriophorum, Adhtoda-Themeda, Carissa-Myrsine-Themeda, Carissa-Themeda-Dodonaea, DodonaeaCarissa-Pinus communities were identified at different altitudinal ranges. Soil pH varied from 6.80 to 7.33, organic matter varied from zero to 4.30, Potassium (K) varied from 40 ppm to 80 ppm and Phosphorus (P) varied from 1.25 ppm to 11.25 ppm. Severe erosion and grazing intensity was observed at all the study sites. A very low species richness varying from 10 to 17 was recorded indicating degraded forest structure. Comprehensive forest conservation policy with practical implementations is utmost necessity in order to conserve the rapidly depleting forest resources of the area.
This item is the archived peer-reviewed author-version of: Toward a balanced framework to evaluate and improve the internal functioning of nonprofit economic development business incubators : a study in Belgium

Non-profit organizations, such as economic development incubators, may adapt the balanced scorecard and strategy map in their efforts to improve their internal functioning. In this paper, we employ qualitative research among non-profit economic development incubators in Antwerp, Belgium, to modify these tools. By adapting these frameworks, we extend the current incubator literature where predominantly individual measures (such as tenant survival or the incubator’s occupancy rate) are employed to evaluate incubator performance. Incubator managers and their funding organizations may use our adapted strategy map and balanced scorecard to uncover the incubator’s internal processes that need improvement. The evaluation tools allow them to go beyond the objective and individual performance measures that often are used to evaluate the incubator’s performance. The tools can also be used to benchmark several incubators and help funding organizations to make more informed resource allocation decisions.
This item is the archived peer-reviewed author-version of: Holothuria triterpene glycosides : a comprehensive guide for their structure elucidation and critical appraisal of reported compounds Reference:

Reference: Puspitasari Yunita Eka, de Bruyne Tessa, Foubert Kenn, Aulanni’am Aulanni’am, Pieters Luc, Hermans Nina, Tuenter Emmy.Holothuria triterpene glycosides : a comprehensive guide for their structure elucidation and critical appraisal of reported compounds Phytochemistry reviews ISSN 1572-980X 21:4(2022), p. 1315-1358 Full text (Publisher's DOI): https://doi.org/10.1007/S11101-021-09783-Z Full text (Publisher's DOI): https://doi.org/10.1007/S11101-022-09815-2 To cite this reference: https://hdl.handle. net/10067/1822000151162165141
An evaluation of geographical information systems for surface water studies in the Badia region of Jordan

Three applications of Geographical Information Systems for surface water studies in the Badia region of Jordan are presented, hi the first application, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area was generated from the available contour maps. The channel drainage network was enforced into the created DEM to ensure accurate emplacement of the extracted drainage network. The channel drainage network was extracted from the DEM at a threshold value of 250 pixels. At this threshold, the drainage density of the extracted channel network is equivalent to the wadis network on the topographic maps In the second application, a hydrologically-oriented GIS database was developed. The database aimed to provide detailed description of the watershed characteristics and the hydrological processes relevant to surface water studies. A menu-driven application was built on the database to extract and analyse the database information at the sub- watershed level. The third application involved building a spatial model for generating surface runoff hydrographs from the rainfall data. The model applies GIS data structure and the raster processing techniques to simulate the rainfall-excess generation and flow routing processes. The distributed structure of the model allows for representing the hydrological processes and modelling the watershed response at the level of details that fits the resolution of the available data.
Powtarzalność i odtwarzalność wyników oceny rezonansu magnetycznego kręgosłupa lędźwiowego u kandydatów na pilotów samolotów Interrater and Intrarater Reliability of Lumbar Spine Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Military Aircraft Pilot Candidates

SUMMARY Background. The development of diagnostic imaging facilitates evaluation of spinal anatomy, but there is no fullcorrespondence between morphologic and pathologic changes observed in radiographic studies and clinical findings.The aim of the study was to: 1. Evaluate the degree of signal intensity and degenerative changes of intervertebral discs in thelumbar spine on MRI. 2. Estimate interrater reliability of classification of pathology between experienced and inexperiencedmedical doctors. Material and method. The sample consisted of 89 persons aged between 18 and 21 years. MRI scans of the lumbar spinewere evaluated by the use of a console for digital analysis by three medical doctors with different levels of experience. Results. Evidence of dehydration of intervertebral disc was found in 3.37%-4.49% at the L4-L5 level, and in 13.48%-15.73%of cases at the L5-S1 level. Interrater reliability ranged from full agreement at levels where degenerative changes are rarelyobserved to fair and poor agreement at L4-L5 and L5-S1. Intrarater reliability showed full agreement on higher levels to good a ndvery good at l4-l5 and l5-S1 levels. Interrater reliability concerning the degree of degenerative changes was 0.6 for Th12 to L4,but was poor at L4-L5 and L5-S1. Intrarater reliability ranged from full agreement at higher levels to poor at L3-L4-L5 andmoderate at L5-S1.
Rocas Verdes ophiolites, southernmost South America: remnants of progressive stages of development of oceanic-type crust in a continental margin back-arc basin

Abstract The Mesozoic Rocas Verdes are a group of mafic igneous complexes in the southernmost Andes. They consist of pillow lavas, dykes and gabbros, interpreted as the upper parts of ophiolites formed along mid-ocean-ridge-type spreading centres that rifted the southwestern margin of the Gondwana continental crust, during the onset of spreading in the South Atlantic, to form the mafic igneous part of the floor of a back-arc basin behind a contemporaneous convergent plate boundary magmatic arc. Mafic dykes and gabbros intrude older continental lithologies along both flanks of the Rocas Verdes, and these same leucocratic country rocks are engulfed in the Rocas Verdes mafic complexes. These relations indicate that the Rocas Verdes ophiolites formed in place and are autochthonous. Zircon U/Pb ages, as well as both chemical and lithostructural characteristics of these ophiolite complexes, suggest that the Rocas Verdes basin formed by ‘unzipping’ from the south to the north, with the southern part beginning to form earlier, and developing more extensively, than the northern part of the basin. The Rocas Verdes ophiolites contain a wealth of information about progressive stages of continental rifting during back-arc basin formation, magmatic and metamorphic processes along mid-ocean-ridge-type spreading centres, and as analogues to Archaean greenstone belts.
This item is the archived peer-reviewed author-version of: Functional diversity and assembly rules of two deciduous seasonal forests in Southeastern Brazil Reference:

Deciduous seasonal forests (DSFs) have a peculiar floristic composition, with species capable of surviving periods of high water deficit in the year. Our goal was to demonstrate that abiotic filters lead to the assembly of two DSFs communities that have high floristic dissimilarity. For this, we carry out the environmental characterization of the areas and use the CWM, FRic and FDis indices for regional recognition of functional patterns. The local assessment of the assembly rules was carried out using null models. We found differences in the FRic and FDis indeces between the areas, which was attributed to the different floristic influences exercised on the communities. However, in both, the typical attributes of dry formations were dominant (CWM), indicating that, on the regional scale of study, the dry season acts as a filter in the composition of species in the communities. On a local scale, stochastic dispersion was identified as the most influential mechanism in the assembly of communities. We conclude that deterministic and stochastic processes act in the assembly of the studied communities, and the proportion of each of these depends on the scale, with abiotic filtration predominating on a regional scale and stochastic dispersion events on a local scale.
Breaking the Rules: Anticipation of Norm Violation in a Binary‐Choice Trust Game

Studying a binary-choice trust game, we find that trustors who consider trustees to be obligated to reciprocate are ceteris paribus less willing to trust. We argue that norm-orientated trustors anticipate that they will experience negative emotions should trustees violate the obligation to reciprocate. In order to avoid norm violation, trustors lower their willingness to trust. An additional binary-choice trust game, in which subjects act as trustors and subsequently as trustees, reveals that the obligation that trustors assign to the trustee role may be based on social projection.
Protective Effect of Ginsenoside CK against Autoimmune Hepatitis Induced by Concanavalin A

Ginsenoside CK, a kind of rare ginsenoside transformed from protopanaxadiol saponins extracted from the genus Panax, has been proven to possess favorable bioactivities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, and hepatoprotective effects. The current study is targeted to determine the effect of ginsenoside CK on hepatitis induced by concanavalin A (Con A). Mice were treated with different dosages of ginsenoside CK for 7 days, and Con A (15 mg/kg) was intravenously injected to induce autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) after the last administration. The results demonstrated that pretreatment with ginsenoside CK (40 mg/kg) could obviously ameliorate the increase in serum indicators related to liver function such as AST, ALT, and ALP, and hepatic lesions induced by Con A. Meanwhile, ginsenoside CK suppressed hepatocyte apoptosis, which was observed in pathological data, and immunoblotting results showed that the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and other proteins was regulated by CK. Furthermore, the release of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 in mice with AIH were lowered by the administration of 40 mg/kg of ginsenoside CK. Furthermore, ginsenoside CK elevated the gene expression of Nrf2 and Sirt1 and augmented downstream target genes such as HO-1. In addition, a significant inhibition effect of the TLR4/NF-κB signal was observed in 40 mg/kg CK-pretreated mice compared with the model group. To sum up, the results indicated that ginsenoside CK has a notable hepatoprotective effect against AIH by activating Sirt1/Nrf2 and suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
A unique collaboration between 3 national hip arthroplasty registries with 280,201 THRs

countries. The posterior approach was used in 91% of cases in Denmark, 60% in Sweden, and 24% in Norway. Cemented THRs were used in 46% of patients in Denmark, in 89% of patients in Sweden, and in 79% of patients in Norway. Of the 280,201 primary THRs, 9,596 (3.4%) had been revised. 10-year survival was 92% (95% CI: 91.6–92.4) in Denmark, 94% (95% CI: 93.6–94.1) in Sweden, and 93% (95% CI: 92.3–93.0) in Norway. In Denmark, 34% of the revisions were due to dislocation, as compared to 23% in Sweden and Norway. Replacement of only cup or liner constituted 44% of the revisions in Denmark, 29% in Sweden, and 33% in Norway. Interpretation This unique common Nordic collaboration has shown differences between the countries concerning demographics, prosthesis fixation, and survival. The large number of patients in this database significantly widens our horizons for future research.