Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clustering GCG: a viable option for unified dark matter-dark energy?

We study the clustering Generalized Chaplygin Gas (GCG) as a possible candidate for dark matter-dark energy unification. The vanishing speed of sound 0cs2 = ) for the GCG fluid can be obtained by incorporating higher derivative operator in the original K-essence Lagrangian. The evolution of the density fluctuations in the GCG+Baryon fluid is studied in the linear regime. The observational constraints on the model are obtained using latest data from SNIa, H(z), BAO and also for the fσ8 measurements. The matter power spectra for the allowed parameter values are well behaved without any unphysical features.
Diffractive microlensing – I. Flickering planetesimals at the edge of the Solar system

ABSTRACT Microlensing and occultation are generally studied in the geometric optics limit. How-ever, diﬀraction may be important when recently discovered Kuiper-Belt objects (KBOs)occult distant stars. In particular the eﬀects of diﬀraction become more important asthe wavelength of the observation and the distance to the KBO increase. For suﬃcientlydistant and massive KBOs or Oort cloud objects not only is diﬀraction important butso is gravitational lensing. For an object similar to Eris but located in the Oort cloud,the signature of gravitational lensing would be detected easily during an occultation andwould give constraints on the mass and radius of the object.Key words: Kuiper Belt — Solar System : minor planets, asteroids — Solar System :Oort Cloud — Solar System : gravitational lensing 1 INTRODUCTIONBailey (1976) ﬁrst argued that small bodies in the dis-tant solar system could be detected through stellar occulta-tions. Roques et al. (1987) developed the treatment of occul-tation by irregular bodies including diﬀraction. More recentlywith the discovery of the population of Kuiper Belt objects(Kuiper 1951; Jewitt 1999), several research groups have be-gun searching for more distant and smaller bodies through oc-cultations (Roques & Moncuquet 2000; Bickerton et al. 2008;Roques et al. 2009). Because Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs)typically subtend small angles, the diﬀraction of radiationaround the objects may be important even at visible wave-lengths and naturally more important at longer wavelengths(Roques et al. 1996). The discovery of more distant and moremassive KBOs such as Eris (Brown et al. 2005) begs the ques-tion of whether gravitational lensing of background stars bylarge KBOs and objects in the Oort cloud (Oort 1950) is im-portant. Cooray (2002) argued that for distant massive KBOsand Oort cloud objects lensing may be important; further-more, Gaudi & Bloom (2005) argued that GAIA could mea-sure the astrometric displacement from microlensing by anplanet more massive than a few Jupiters within 10
A WISE CENSUS OF YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS IN CANIS MAJOR

With the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), we searched for young stellar objects (YSOs) in a 100 deg2 region centered on the lightly studied Canis Major star-forming region. Applying stringent magnitude cuts to exclude the majority of extragalactic contaminants, we find 144 Class I candidates and 335 Class II candidates. The sensitivity to Class II candidates is limited by their faintness at the distance to Canis Major (assumed as 1000 pc). More than half the candidates (53%) are found in 16 groups of more than four members, including four groups with more than 25 members each. The ratio of Class II to Class I objects, NII/NI, varies from 0.4 to 8.3 in just the largest four groups. We compare our results to those obtainable with combined Two Micron All Sky Survey and post-cryogenic Spitzer Space Telescope data; the latter approach recovers missing Class II sources. Via a comparison to protostars characterized with the Herschel Space Observatory, we propose new WISE color criteria for flat-spectrum and Class 0 protostars, finding 80 and 7 of these, respectively. The distribution of YSOs in CMa OB1 is consistent with supernova-induced star formation, although the diverse NII/NI ratios are unexpected if this parameter traces age and the YSOs are due to the same supernova. Less massive clouds feature larger NII/NI ratios, suggesting that initial conditions play a role in determining this quantity.
Aggregating quantum repeaters for the quantum internet

The quantum internet holds promise for accomplishing quantum teleportation and unconditionally secure communication freely between arbitrary clients all over the globe, as well as the simulation of quantum many-body systems. For such a quantum internet protocol, a general fundamental upper bound on the obtainable entanglement or secret key has been derived [K. Azuma, A. Mizutani, and H. -K. Lo, Nat. Commun. 7, 13523 (2016)]. Here we consider its converse problem. In particular, we present a universal protocol constructible from any given quantum network, which is based on running quantum repeater schemes in parallel over the network. For arbitrary lossy optical channel networks, our protocol has no scaling gap with the upper bound, even based on existing quantum repeater schemes. In an asymptotic limit, our protocol works as an optimal entanglement or secret-key distribution over any quantum network composed of practical channels such as erasure channels, dephasing channels, bosonic quantum amplifier channels, and lossy optical channels.
Zero-shot Cross-Language Transfer of Monolingual Entity Linking Models

Most entity linking systems, whether mono or multilingual, link mentions to a single English knowledge base. Few have considered linking non-English text to a non-English KB, and therefore, transferring an English entity linking model to both a new document and KB language. We consider the task of zero-shot cross-language transfer of entity linking systems to a new language and KB. We find that a system trained with multilingual representations does reasonably well, and propose improvements to system training that lead to improved recall in most datasets, often matching the in-language performance. We further conduct a detailed evaluation to elucidate the challenges of this setting.
Luminosity Evolution in Cluster Galaxies from z = 0.41 to z = 0.02

HST archive images of the cluster CL 0939+4713 (z = 0.41), together with ground-based images of Coma (z = 0.02), have been used to make a direct comparison of the structural properties of the early-type galaxies in these clusters. This well-matched pair of images has similar rest-frame filter passband, nearly identical resolution in physical units (~0.7 kpc), and samples a similar physical size in the cluster (~1 Mpc). Furthermore, galaxies of a given luminosity have comparable signal-to-noise (integrated S/N = 100 at MB = -21) in each image. We apply a two-dimensional fitting algorithm convolving empirical point-spread functions with analytical models for bulge (r1/4 law) and disk (exponential) components. Some combination of these models provide a good representation of most of the galaxies. The luminosity-effective radius relation for bright ellipticals (MB < -19.5) shows very small dispersion and has the same slope in both clusters emphasizing the cluster-to-cluster homogeneity of the early-type galaxy population. However, the relations are offset from one another by 0.64 ± 0.26 ± 0.08 mag (random and systematic uncertainties, respectively), so that a galaxy of a given size in CL 0939+4713 is more luminous by this amount than its counterpart in Coma. This result may be interpreted as the effect of the aging of the constituent stars in these galaxies, i.e., passive evolution between redshift 0.41 to 0.02. This effect is consistent with the change in luminosity predicted for a single burst stellar population formed at z ~ 1.2 or earlier. A potentially important result detected at the 2 σ level (which is subject to contamination by field galaxies) is that the disk components of galaxies in the higher redshift cluster are brighter by 0.50 ± 0.26 mag than those in Coma, which follow reasonably well the Freeman central surface-brightness relation for local field galaxies.
Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in an Urban Area. Changes in COPD Ten Years on

Purpose The prevalence of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Spain has been evaluated in the last ten years by EPISCAN in 2007 and EPISCAN II in 2017. This study describes changes in the prevalence of COPD in an urban region of Spain in the last 10 years, its risk factors and underdiagnosis. Patients and Methods Participants from the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Spain) were selected from both studies up to the age of 80 years. A descriptive analysis of their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as by gender, was conducted. COPD was defined by a post-bronchodilator ratio <0.70. Results The prevalence of COPD in the Autonomous Community of Madrid increased non-significantly from 11.0% (95% CI: 8.9–13.5%) to 12.1% (95% CI: 9.6–15.1, p=0.612). However, the prevalence by gender showed an increase in women (5.6% to 14.7%, p<0.001) and a decrease in men (17.6% to 9.8%, p=0.08). Underdiagnosis was reduced from 81.0% to 67.9% (p=0.006), although with greater underdiagnosis in women (86.4% in EPISCAN and 100% in EPISCAN II). Smoking was higher in men than in women in EPISCAN (31.2% vs 23.0%, p<0.01) but with no differences by gender in EPISCAN II (25.5% men vs 26.0% women, p=0.146). Age, smoking, low BMI, and a sedentary lifestyle were consistently associated with COPD. Conclusion In 10 years in Madrid, there have been no changes in the global prevalence of COPD, but there have been important changes in women, with an increase in its prevalence, smoking habit and underdiagnosis.
Evaluation of Magnesium-Phosphate Particle Incorporation into Co-Electrospun Chitosan-Elastin Membranes for Skin Wound Healing

Major challenges facing clinicians treating burn wounds are the lack of integration of treatment to wound, inadequate mechanical properties of treatments, and high infection rates which ultimately lead to poor wound resolution. Electrospun chitosan membranes (ESCM) are gaining popularity for use in tissue engineering applications due to their drug loading ability, biocompatibility, biomimetic fibrous structure, and antimicrobial characteristics. This work aims to modify ESCMs for improved performance in burn wound applications by incorporating elastin and magnesium-phosphate particles (MgP) to improve mechanical and bioactive properties. The following ESCMs were made to evaluate the individual components’ effects; (C: chitosan, CE: chitosan-elastin, CMg: chitosan-MgP, and CEMg: chitosan-elastin-MgP). Membrane properties analyzed were fiber size and structure, hydrophilic properties, elastin incorporation, MgP incorporation and in vitro release, mechanical properties, degradation profiles, and in vitro cytocompatibility with NIH3T3 fibroblasts. The addition of both elastin and MgP increased the average fiber diameter of CE (~400 nm), CMg (~360 nm), and CEMg (565 nm) compared to C (255 nm). Water contact angle analysis showed elastin incorporated membranes (CE and CEMg) had increased hydrophilicity (~50°) compared to the other groups (C and CMg, ~110°). The results from the degradation study showed mass retention of ~50% for C and CMg groups, compared to ~ 30% seen in CE and CEMg after 4 weeks in a lysozyme/PBS solution. CMg and CEMg exhibited burst-release behavior of ~6 µg/ml or 0.25 mM magnesium within 72 h. In vitro analysis with NIH3T3 fibroblasts showed CE and CEMg groups had superior cytocompatibility compared to C and CMg. This work has demonstrated the successful incorporation of elastin and MgP into ESCMs and allows for future studies on burn wound applications.
Detection of gamma-ray emission in the region of the supernova remnants G296.5+10.0 and G166.0+4.3

months of accumulated observations by the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescopein the region of the supernova remnants G296.5+10.0 (PKS 1209-51/52) and G166.0+4.3 (VRO 42.05.01) are analyzed. GeV emission is detected coincident with the position of the sources at the ≃ 5σ and 11σ levels above the background, respectively, for the best-fit spectral and spatial scenar- ios. The gamma-ray spectrum of the sources can be described with a power-law in energy. G166.0+4.3 shows a soft GeV spectrum while that of G296.5+10.0 is flat (in the νFrepresentation). The origin of the gamma-ray emission from the sources is explored. Both leptonic and hadronic mechanisms can account for the high-energy emission from G296.5+10.0, while a leptonic scenario is preferred for G166.0+4.3.
TEACHER BELIEFS AND PRACTICES: EVIDENCE FROM UNTRAINED TEACHERS IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BASIC SCHOOLS IN MFANTSEMAN MUNICIPALITY OF GHANA

To gain a better understanding of untrained teachers’ beliefs, and how that corresponds with their reported classroom practices, a survey was conducted with untrained teachers in public and private basic schools in Ghana. The study collected data through the survey design using a questionnaire which was administered to 188 untrained teachers in rural and urban basic schools. The data were analysed using Means and Standard Deviations to compare the teachers’ beliefs and practices in the two school types. Pearson-Correlation was used to find out any relationship between the teachers’ beliefs and their reported practices. Furthermore, Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to find out differences in beliefs, teaching practices and the school type. The results show that most of the untrained teachers held on to direct transmissive beliefs more than constructive beliefs. There were also inconsistencies in the relationship between beliefs and reported practices. However, there were statistically significant differences between the beliefs of untrained teachers in public and those in private schools about teaching and learning. Implication and recommendations for in-service teacher education programmes have been discussed.
Some remarks on the Cauchy problem

where u is a vector-valued function with N components ; A k and B are matrices of order N , infinitely differentiable with respect to t and x (x i , x 2 , ••• , x 1). Consider the Cauchy problem for this equation with given initial value at t = 0 . We say that the Cauchy problem for (1. 1) is w ell posed for the future in the space 6 , if i ) for any given in itial value u(x, 0) E 6 , there exists a unique solution u(x , t)E 6 t > 0 , which takes the given initial value at t= 0 , i i) this linear mapping u(x, 0)--> u(x , t) is continuous from 6x into 6 , . Here 6 is the space of all infinitely differentiable functions with customary topology, (see L. Schwartz [8 ]) 1 ) : f li —> 0 in 6,
Credit Shocks and Allocative Eﬃciency during a Financial Crisis ∗

This paper studies the eﬀect of credit supply shocks on aggregate labor productivity during a ﬁnancial crisis. Using data on the universe of Italian manufacturing ﬁrms, we decom-pose aggregate productivity growth in changes in average productivity of incumbents, labor share reallocation among incumbents, entry, and exit. We estimate the impact of industry-speciﬁc exogenous credit supply shocks on each component. We ﬁnd that credit supply tightening entails a drop in average productivity, counterbalanced by the reallocation of labor towards more productive ﬁrms, and no signiﬁcant eﬀect on the contribution of entry and exit to productivity growth. The oﬀsetting response of reallocation is stronger in ex ante more ﬁnancially constrained industries.
Stock exchange market activities and Economic Development: Evidence from the Nigerian economy

The study examined the impact of stock exchange market activities on economic development in Nigerian economy. The study employs multiple regressions as a technique to measure the effect of stock exchange market development on the Nigerian economy. The Secondary Data used were into market capitalization (CAP), all share index (ALLSHARE) and total volume of transaction (TNOV) and were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, 2019. The technique of data analysis used was the ordinary least square (OLS) method of estimation. Findings reveals that the market capitalization (CAP) had a positive relationship with GDP, with the relationship being statistically insignificant. ALLSHARE has a positive and significant relationship with GDP. TNOV has a positive and significant relationship with GDP. Therefore, it was recommended that Government should help to restore confidence to the market through regulatory authorities which will portray transparency, fair trading transactions and dealing in the stock exchange and consequently improve economic development. The SEC and NSE should put a very good advocacy programme in place to encourage and awaken Nigerians’ interest in the capital market as this will boost local participation in the market and as well enable local investors to absorb shares offloaded by foreign investors any time there was perceived economic instability. investigated the relationship between capital market development and economic growth using data on GDP (proxy for economic growth), market capitalization ratio, value traded ratio and stock market turnover ratio (proxies for capital market development) over the period 1981-2014. the vector error correction model, the study shows that in the short-run, market capitalization ratio and turnover ratio have significant negative effect on aggregate national output (GDP). The study also shows positive effect of value traded ratio as well as negative effect of inflation rate on GDP though not significant. The long-run estimate shows that all the exogenous variables have significant negative impact on GDP and that changes in market capitalization ratio, value traded ratio and turnover ratio produce more than proportionate changes in GDP. With an adjustment speed of about 91.12 per cent, the model presents an inherent capacity to overcome short-run disequilibrium. The Granger causality test shows evidence of causal impact of market capitalization ratio, value traded ratio and turnover ratio on aggregate national output. The study further shows uni-directional causality from GDP to inflation. The paper established therefore that stock market development constitutes a significant determinant of economic growth in Nigeria.
Statistics Analysis the Effect of DiSTAD Learning Model on the Critical Thinking Skill and Learning Motivation

This study aims to determine the statistical analysis of the influence of the DiSTAD learning model on critical thinking skills, learning motivation, critical thinking skills and learning motivation. Data analysis using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. The techniques used in data collection are test and non-test. The test technique is used to determine critical thinking skills and non-test techniques (quesioner) are used to determine the learning motivation of students. The results show that DiSTAD learning model gives a significantly positive effect to the critical thinking skills and it is shown by the output value of the t-test (5,529) (significance < 0.05). DiSTAD learning model gives a significantly positive effect to the student learning motivation, and it is shown by the output value of the t-test (5,531) (significance<0.05). The implementation of DiSTAD learning model gives a significantly more positive effect to the critical thinking skills and student learning motivation, and it is shown by the output value of the F-test (34,040) (significance < 0.05). This is an open acces article under the CC-BY license.
Discourse Marking and Gender Correlation in the Jebli Speech Community

Discourse markers (henceforth DMs) in Spoken Arabic were researched quite extensively over the last decade (Ahmed, 2014; Al-Batal, 1994; Alrajhi, 2019; Bidaoui, 2015; Gaddafi, 1990; Laaboudi, 2021, etc.). The focus in most of these studies ranges from the functions of discourse markers to indexation of social meaning (Bidaoui, 2015; Laaboudi, 2021). Thus, focus was on the discourse markers in use in Bni Zeroual Arabic (BZA) and their correlation with gender, an understudied area in Arabic linguistics in that the studies that have investigated the correlation of DMs with gender in the Arab world are scarce, and those that refer to gender mostly compare the frequency of their use among men and women (Ahmed, 2014). This study investigates DMs and gender and explores how this social determinant impacts the choices of discourse markers used in natural conversations. The main thrust of this paper is that DMs index the social type, personae and stance of the speaker. Accordingly, the goal of the paper is three-fold: (i) identify the discourse markers in use in the speech community; (ii) investigate their correlation with gender; (iii) highlight how discourse markers function as “loci of indexically linked social meaning” (Campbell-Kibler, 2010).
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, the Netherlands on behalf of the Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Sentinel Surveillance Laboratory Group

In the Netherlands, the national immunization program includes 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) for all newborns born after April 1, 2006. We compared the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and patient and disease characteristics before PCV7 introduction (June 2004–June 2006) with those after PCV7 introduction (June 2008–June 2010). Culture-con ﬁ rmed IPD cases were identi ﬁ ed by 9 sentinel laboratories covering ≈ 25% of the Dutch population. Signi ﬁ cant declines in overall IPD incidence were observed in children <2 (60%) and in persons >65 (13%) years of age. A trend toward gradual increases in non–PCV7 serotype IPD infections was observed in all age groups; the largest increases were among persons 50–64 (37%) and >65 (25%) years of age. In adults, the proportion of immunocompromised persons increased among IPD patients. Overall, deaths from IPD decreased from 16% to 12% because of a lower case-fatality rate for persons with non–PCV7 serotype IPD.
Using Active Queries to Infer Symmetric Node Functions of Graph Dynamical Systems

Developing techniques to infer the behavior of networked social systems has attracted a lot of attention in the literature. Using a discrete dynamical system to model a networked social system, the problem of inferring the behavior of the system can be formulated as the problem of learning the local functions of the dynamical system. We investigate the problem assuming an active form of interaction with the system through queries. We consider two classes of local functions (namely, symmetric and threshold functions) and two
Noisy Cognition and Intertemporal Choice*

The most widely-studied and robust deviations of intertemporal choice behavior from the exponential discounted utility paradigm are typically conceptualized as resulting from non-standard preferences. We experimentally study the hypothesis that many of these patterns are instead largely driven by noisy cognitive processes, which lead people to implicitly treat different time delays alike to some degree. In our experiments, we measure cognitive uncertainty, which captures people’s awareness of their noisiness. In the data, cognitive uncertainty strongly predicts various core empirical regularities, such as why people often appear very impatient over short horizons, why per-period impatience is smaller over long than over short horizons, why discounting is hyperbolic even when the present is not involved, and why choices violate transitivity. A model of noisy cognition also makes two new predictions, which we test and confirm: discounting is more hyperbolic when a decision is more complex, and cognitive uncertainty is strongly predictive of following expert advice.