Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blood Safety in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Literature Review

Background: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) faces severe malaria, postpartum haemorrhage, malnutrition and sickle cell disease that require transfusion. The latter poses immunological, infectious, metabolic and hemodynamic risks to recipients. Objective: To present transfusion safety in the DRC through data from the literature. Methods: This review consists of listing the various articles and abstracts published
Associations of Dietary Inflammatory Potential with Esophageal Precancerous Lesions and Esophageal Squamous-Cell Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study

Chronic inflammation plays a central role in the progression from esophageal precancerous lesions (EPLs) to esophageal squamous-cell cancer (ESCC). However, few studies have investigated the relationship between the overall inflammatory potential of diets and EPLs and ESCC. We aimed to study the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and EPLs and ESCC. As part of the National Cohort of Esophageal Cancer (NCEC) in China, 3967 residents (1993 men and 1974 women) aged from 40 to 69 years living in Yanting County received free gastroscopy screenings from 2017 to 2019. Dietary intake during the past year was assessed at enrollment of the cohort before screening and DII scores were calculated based on 28 food parameters. EPLs (classified into mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia) and ESCC were histologically confirmed by biopsy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the associations of DII scores with EPLs and ESCC. A total of 312 participants were diagnosed with EPLs (226 with mild dysplasia, 40 with moderate dysplasia, and 46 with severe dysplasia) and 72 were diagnosed with ESCC. A statistically significant positive association was observed between DII scores and overall EPLs (ORT3 vs. T1 = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.01–2.09); the association was similar but not statistically significant for mild dysplasia (ORone-unit-increment = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.95–1.34) and for moderate and severe dysplasia combined (ORone-unit-increment = 1.15, 95%CI = 0.87–1.51). The association with ESCC was similar in magnitude but not significant, likely due to the small number of cases. In this cross-sectional study of a population in China at high risk of ESCC, DII scores were positively associated with odds of EPLs and ESCC. Consumption of anti-inflammatory foods may be beneficial to prevent EPLs and ESCC.
Effect of Supply Chain Management Practice on Operational Performance in the Case of Bedele Brewery Share Company

: The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supply chain management practices on operational performance of Bedele brewery Share Company. The dimensions of SCM practices examined in this study were strategic supplier partnership, customer relationship management, level of information sharing, quality of information sharing and internal lean practice. The metrics for measuring the company’s operational performance was the lead time. Quantitative research approach was used for this study to determine the effect of supply chain management practices and operational performance of BBS. c. Descriptive and explanatory research design employed for the study. Probability sampling technique particularly stratified and simple random sampling method was used to enables the researcher to use his discretion in selecting samples from the target population. Using a total of 33 questionnaires; the primary data was collected from 184 employees. The data was collected by using 5 point Likert Scale type questionnaire and then the collected data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25. From the result of the analysis it was concluded that there was strong positive and significant correlation between SCM practices and overall operational performance since the SCM practices included in this study explained by 80.9% of the variability of the operational performance of the company. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that, Bedele brewery share company should strive to involve its key suppliers in planning and goal setting, create long term agreement with key strategic suppliers, interact with customers to set reliability, responsiveness, and other standard work for the organization, to be informed on the changing needs in order to improve their understanding with their trading partners and to work on improving quality of information sharing practices across the supply chain timely with its supplier.
Evaluating the Sensitivity, Specificity, and Accuracy of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Bing AI, and Bard Against Conventional Drug-Drug Interactions Clinical Tools

Background AI platforms are equipped with advanced ‎algorithms that have the potential to offer a wide range of ‎applications in healthcare services. However, information about the accuracy of AI chatbots against ‎conventional drug-drug interaction tools is limited‎. This study aimed to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Bing AI, and Bard in predicting drug-drug interactions. Methods AI-based chatbots (ie, ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Microsoft Bing AI, and Google Bard) were compared for their abilities to detect clinically relevant DDIs for 255 drug pairs. Descriptive statistics, such as specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV), were calculated for each tool. Results When a subscription tool was used as a reference, the specificity ranged from a low of 0.372 (ChatGPT-3.5) to a high of 0.769 (Microsoft Bing AI). Also, Microsoft Bing AI had the highest performance with an accuracy score of 0.788, with ChatGPT-3.5 having the lowest accuracy rate of 0.469. There was an overall improvement in performance for all the programs when the reference tool switched to a free DDI source, but still, ChatGPT-3.5 had the lowest specificity (0.392) and accuracy (0.525), and Microsoft Bing AI demonstrated the highest specificity (0.892) and accuracy (0.890). When assessing the consistency of accuracy across two different drug classes, ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 showed the highest ‎variability in accuracy. In addition, ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Bard exhibited the highest ‎fluctuations in specificity when analyzing two medications belonging to the same drug class. Conclusion Bing AI had the highest accuracy and specificity, outperforming Google’s Bard, ChatGPT-3.5, and ChatGPT-4. The findings highlight the significant potential these AI tools hold in transforming patient care. While the current AI platforms evaluated are not without limitations, their ability to quickly analyze potentially significant interactions with good sensitivity suggests a promising step towards improved patient safety.
IFNγ-Producing B Cells Play a Regulating Role in Infection-Mediated Inhibition of Allergy

Simple Summary The hygiene hypothesis suggests that some infections may inhibit the development of allergic diseases, but the mechanism remains unclear. This research demonstrated the important role of cytokine-producing B cells in the infection-mediated modulation of allergic responses. Using chlamydia as a model pathogen, we showed that the adoptive transfer of B cells isolated from chlamydia-infected mice, unlike those from naïve mice, could effectively inhibit allergic airway eosinophilia and mucus overproduction, as well as Th2 cytokine responses. Intracellular cytokine analysis showed that B cells from chlamydia-infected mice produced higher levels of IFNγ than those from naïve mice. The inhibitory effect of the adoptively transferred B cells on allergic reactions was virtually abolished by the simultaneous blockade of IFNγ using a monoclonal antibody, which suggested that B cells modulated by chlamydial lung infection could have an inhibitory effect on airway allergic responses via the production of IFNγ. The results provide new insights into the targets related to the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Abstract The hygiene hypothesis suggests that some infections may inhibit the development of allergic diseases, but the mechanism remains unclear. Our previous study has shown that Chlamydia muridarum (Cm) lung infection can inhibit local eosinophilic inflammation induced by ovalbumin (OVA) through the modulation of dendritic cell (DC) and T cell responses in mice. In this study, we explored the role of B cells in the chlamydial-infection-mediated modulation of allergic responses. The results showed that adoptive transfer of B cells isolated from Cm-infected mice (Cm-B cells), unlike those from naïve mice (naïve B cells), could effectively inhibit allergic airway eosinophilia and mucus overproduction, as well as Th2 cytokine responses. In addition, total IgE/IgG1 and OVA-specific IgE/IgG1 antibodies in the serum were also decreased by the adoptive transfer of Cm-B cells. Intracellular cytokine analysis showed that B cells from Cm-infected mice produced higher levels of IFNγ than those from naïve mice. More interestingly, the inhibiting effect of adoptively transferred Cm-B cells on allergic reactions was virtually abolished by the simultaneous blockade of IFNγ using a monoclonal antibody. The results suggest that B cells modulated by chlamydial lung infection could play a regulatory role in OVA-induced acute allergic responses in the lung via the production of IFNγ. The results provide new insights into the targets related to the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
A Highly Sensitive Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Based on a Monoclonal Antibody Specific to Thermal Stable-Soluble Protein in Pork Fat for the Rapid Detection of Pork Fat Adulterated in Heat-Processed Beef Meatballs

Abstract Processed foods containing pork fat tissue to improve flavor and gain economic benefit may cause severe issues for Muslims, Jews, and vegetarians. This study aimed to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on a monoclonal antibody specific to thermal stable-soluble protein in pork fat tissue and apply it to detect pork fat tissue in heat-processed (autoclave, steam, roast, and fry) beef meatballs. To develop a sensitive iELISA, the optimal sample pre-cooking time, coating conditions, primary and secondary dilution time, and various buffer systems were tested. The change in the iELISA sensitivity with different 96-well microtiter microplates was confirmed. The detection limit of iELISA performed with an appropriate microplate was 0.015% (w/w) pork fat in raw and heat-treated beef. No cross-reactions to other meats or fats were shown. These results mean that the iELISA can be used as an analytical method to detect trace amounts of pork fat mixed in beef.
Microbiological profile of bloodstream infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns at a tertiary referral hospital in Amazon, Brazil

ABSTRACT Background: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are a global health issue, leading to high mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients. Methods: A retrospective, observational and descriptive study was conducted by reviewing blood culture records collected from patients with suspected BSI, between January 2017 and December 2019. Results: The most frequent antimicrobial resistant (AMR) pathogens were methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) (40%), methicillin-resistantS. epidermidis (MRSE) (9.5%), and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (35.3%). Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of continued vigilance and advocate for the rational use of antimicrobial agents.
Modelling the frequency of contacts in a shrunken world

Based on a new substantial Swiss survey of ego-centric networks this paper analysis the im-pact of precisely measured geographical distance on the frequency and shares of different modes of interaction between the respondents and their contacts (face-to-face, phone, email and SMS texting). Geographical distance matters to how people interact today, as it did in the past (Mok and Wellman, 2007). The effort involved in the different modes of contact (face-to-face, phone, email and SMS) matches qualitatively the strength of the distance decay in the frequency of those interactions. The qualitative results are confirmed in structural equation model allowing for panel/multi-level nature of the data set. The patterns of the shares follow these differential distance decays. The frequency of face-to-face visits and their shares fall quickest with distance. While email frequency is unaffected by distance, its share rises fastest with it. The reverse is true for SMS messaging, which stays stable in terms of share, while only slowly falling with distance in terms of frequency. The high starting frequency of phoning translates into growing shares, even if the absolute frequencies fall with distance.
Determining the Effects of Selected Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yields of Tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>: Var. Rio Grande Tomatoes) in Mundri West County, Western Equatoria State, South Sudan

Worldwide, the demand for agro-organic foods that are healthy, nutritious, and environmentally friendly is increasing dramatically across all nations among consumers. Tomatoes being one of the dietary requirements in almost every meal is not exceptional and its availability in the market all year round is very important to farmers as well as consumers because it is highly demanded as a vegetable par excellence; which is either eaten raw in salads, cooked or processed into liquid ingredients. This study investigates the impact of chicken, goat, and cow manure treatments on tomato plant growth response to height, leaf length, and width, as well as fruit yield. The experimental field trials were conducted over two planting seasons in Mundri West County. It followed a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) approach, consisting of four blocks. Each block contained three treatments replicated four times and a control group. The data of measured parameters from all 16 plots were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using the Gen Stat 14th Edition software. The findings indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) among all the different organic manure applications on tomato plant growth parameters compared to the control group. Chicken manure resulted in the tallest tomato plants (30.1 and 37.9 cm), longest leaves (9.9 and 10.4 cm), and widest leaves (2.
A Study Exploring Different Modalities to Integrate Learning Objectives in Games

This research aims to provide further insight on how to design effective educational games by exploring whether the integration of educational content through game mechanics, text, or a combination of both text and game mechanics is more effective in teaching the learning outcomes in games. The results of the study show that all three methods led to information assimilation. The study showed that the participants did not necessarily learn better through a combination of text and game mechanics as compared with those who were exposed to learning objectives integrated into the game only through text or game mechanics. Some learning objectives were better learned when they were integrated through text while others through game mechanics.
Development of Short Duration, Tolerance to High Temperature and Bipolaris Leaf Blight, and Moderately Susceptible to Blast Disease of Wheat Genotype with Trials in Various Agroecological Zones in Bangladesh

Wheat production in Bangladesh faces to the detrimental effects of biotic and abiotic stresses that have been exacerbated by climate change. The development of short duration, high temperature and disease tolerant wheat variety is the most importance to produce higher yield combating the deleterious effects of the stresses. Some wheat lines (line was expressed by E) were evaluated at the different research stations of Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI) and farmers’ fields in consecutively three years under irrigated timely sowing (ITS) and irrigated late sowing (ILS) conditions. The days to heading (DH), days to maturity (DM), plant height (PH), spikelet spike-1 (SPS), grain spike-1 (GPS), thousand grain weight (TGW), and grain yield were depicted comparatively higher in ITS and ILS than ITS, but the severity of Bipolaris leaf blight (BpLB) and blast diseases were exhibited lower in BAW 1194 (E9) line than check varieties and other lines same conditions (BAW = Bangladesh Advanced Wheat). Those phenotypic and yield contributing characters, and BpLB and blast diseases were also observed lower in ILS than other genotypes. Further, E9 exhibited the lower percentage of yield loss in the ILS compared to ITS than check and other genotypes indicated its high temperature tolerance. In addition, E9 exhibited relatively higher grain yield than other genotypes in the candidate variety demonstration and multiplication yield trials. Therefore, BAW 1194 line may be released as a short duration, tolerance to high temperature and BpLB, and moderately tolerance to blast disease wheat variety to accelerate wheat production.
Upper Ordovician and Silurian stratigraphy in Sequatchie Valley and parts of the adjacent valley and ridge, Tennessee

Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Regional setting ---------------------------------------------------------------------Present investigation ____________________ ----_____________________________ -----____ Previous investigations ___________________ ---_______ --______ -__ --------------------Stratigraphy ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Inman Formation --------------------------------------------------------------------Leipers Limestone -------------------------------------------------------------------Strata of Richmondian Age -----------------------------------------------------------Sequatchie Formation ------------------------------------------------------------Shellmound Formation ________________ ---________________________________ -------Rockvvood Fortnation -----------------------------------------------------------------Depositional environments and regional sedimentary facies ----------------------------------Previous investigations ________ -------_____________________________________ --______ -Depositional environments in the Chattanooga area -------------------------------------Application to Sequatchie Valley ------------------------------------------------------~easured sections -----------------------------------------------------------------------References -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Physical Ageing of Amorphous Poly(lactic acid)-Indapamide System Studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

The process of isothermal and non-isothermal physical ageing of amorphous polylactide (PLA) with the active pharmaceutical ingredient, indapamide (IND), was investigated. A PLA–IND system with a 50/50 weight ratio was obtained and characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the 50/50 (w/w) mixture, two glass transitions were observed: the first at 64.1 ± 0.3 °C corresponding to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PLA, and the second at 102.6 ± 1.1 °C corresponding to the Tg of IND, indicating a lack of molecular mixing between the two ingredients. The PLA–IND system was subjected to the isothermal physical ageing process at different ageing temperatures (Ta) for 2 h. It was observed that the highest effect of physical ageing (enthalpy relaxation change) on IND in the PLA–IND system occurred at Ta = 85 °C. Furthermore, the system was annealed for various ageing times at 85 °C. The relaxation enthalpies were estimated for each experiment and fitted to the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) equation. The KWW equation allowed for the estimation of the relaxation time and the parameter describing the distribution of relaxation times of the isothermal physical ageing process of IND in the PLA–IND system. The physical ageing of the PLA–IND mixture (50/50) was also discussed in the context of heat capacity. Moreover, the activation energy and fragility parameters were determined for the PLA–IND (50/50) system.
Parallel Losses of Blue Opsin Correlate with Compensatory Neofunctionalization of UV-Opsin Gene Duplicates in Aphids and Planthoppers

Simple Summary Hemiptera is one of the largest and most diverse insect orders, yet our knowledge about visual opsin evolution in this group remains preliminary. This study provides an updated survey of visual opsin genes in the Hemiptera, which reveals that the subfamily of blue-sensitive opsin receptor genes has been independently lost in planthoppers and aphids. Moreover, in both groups, tandem duplication of UV-sensitive opsins produced sister paralogs that diverged by maintaining ancestral UV sensitivity versus shifting to blue sensitivity and thereby likely compensating for the loss of the blue-sensitive opsin subfamily. The study further shows that these parallel trajectories at the level of gene family evolution are associated with mostly convergent changes at the level of protein sequence evolution. Abstract Expanding on previous efforts to survey the visual opsin repertoires of the Hemiptera, this study confirms that homologs of the UV- and LW-opsin subfamilies are conserved in all Hemiptera, while the B-opsin subfamily is missing from the Heteroptera and subgroups of the Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhyncha, i.e., aphids (Aphidoidea) and planthoppers (Fulgoroidea), respectively. Unlike in the Heteroptera, which are characterized by multiple independent expansions of the LW-opsin subfamily, the lack of B-opsin correlates with the presence of tandem-duplicated UV-opsins in aphids and planthoppers. Available data on organismal wavelength sensitivities and retinal gene expression patterns lead to the conclusion that, in both groups, one UV-opsin paralog shifted from ancestral UV peak sensitivity to derived blue sensitivity, likely compensating for the lost B-opsin. Two parallel bona fide tuning site substitutions compare to 18 non-corresponding amino acid replacements in the blue-shifted UV-opsin paralogs of aphids and planthoppers. Most notably, while the aphid blue-shifted UV-opsin clade is characterized by a replacement substitution at one of the best-documented UV/blue tuning sites (Rhodopsin site 90), the planthopper blue-shifted UV-opsin paralogs retained the ancestral lysine at this position. Combined, the new findings identify aphid and planthopper UV-opsins as a new valuable data sample for studying adaptive opsin evolution.
Contributions to the Eocene climate record of the Antarctic Peninsula

18 O values of bivalve shell from the La Meseta Formation on Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, indicate ~10°C of cooling during the Eocene, much of which took place in two comparatively short intervals (~52 Ma and ~41 Ma). A short-term excursion to significantly more negative δ 18 O values appears to correlate with the middle Eocene climatic optimum of Bohaty and Zachos, and a rapid ensuing shift to much more positive values may reflect cooling associated with a proposed short-lived glacial advance. Late middle-late Eocene temperatures are universally cooler than lower in the section, but average values do not suggest freezing conditions. High-resolution records indicate a decrease in seasonality through the section, with significantly cooler summers in the late Eocene. Pebbly mudstone containing early Oligocene dinoflagellates immediately overlies La Meseta Formation sands, suggesting the potential for glacio-marine deposition at or near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Citation: Ivany, L.C. (2007), Contributions to the Eocene climate record of the Antarctic Peninsula, in Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World – Online Proceedings of the 10 th