Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Circadian Regulation of Nutrient Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disease

Obesity and other metabolic diseases are major public health issues that are particularly prevalent in industrialized societies where circadian rhythmicity is disturbed by shift work, jet lag, and/or social obligations. In mammals, daylight entrains the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to a ≈24 h cycle by initiating a transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) of molecular clock genes. The downstream impacts of the TTFL on clock-controlled genes allow the SCN to set the rhythm for the majority of physiological, metabolic, and behavioral processes. The TTFL, however, is ubiquitous and oscillates in tissues throughout the body. Tissues outside of the SCN are entrained to other signals, such as fed/fasting state, rather than light input. This system requires a considerable amount of biological flexibility as it functions to maintain homeostasis across varying conditions contained within a 24 h day. In the face of either circadian disruption (e.g., jet lag and shift work) or an obesity-induced decrease in metabolic flexibility, this finely tuned mechanism breaks down. Indeed, both human and rodent studies have found that obesity and metabolic disease develop when endogenous circadian pacing is at odds with the external cues. In the following review, we will delve into what is known on the circadian rhythmicity of nutrient metabolism and discuss obesity as a circadian disease.
Assessing homogeneity of land surface air temperature observations using sparse‐input reanalyses

State‐of‐the‐art homogenisation approaches for any test site rely upon the availability of a sufficient number of neighbouring sites with similar climatic conditions and a sufficient quantity of overlapping measurements. These conditions are not always met, particularly in poorly sampled regions and epochs. Modern sparse‐input reanalysis products which are constrained by observed sea surface temperatures, sea‐ice and surface pressure observations, continue to improve, offering independently produced surface temperature estimates back to the early 19th century. This study undertakes an exploratory analysis on the applicability of sparse‐input reanalysis to identify breakpoints in available basic station data. Adjustments are then applied using a variety of reanalysis and neighbour‐based approaches to produce four distinct estimates. The methodological independence of the approach may offer valuable insights into historical data quality issues. The resulting estimates are compared to Global Historical Climatology Network version 4 (GHCNMv4) at various aggregations. Comparisons are also made with five existing global land surface monthly time series. We find a lower rate of long‐term warming which principally arises in differences in estimated behaviour prior to the early 20th century. Differences depend upon the exact pair of estimates, varying between 15 and 40% for changes from 1850–1900 to 2005–2014. Differences are much smaller for metrics starting after 1900 and negligible after 1950. Initial efforts at quantifying parametric uncertainty suggest this would be substantial and may lead to overlap between these new estimates and existing estimates. Further work would be required to use these data products in an operational context. This would include better understanding the reasons for apparent early period divergence including the impact of spatial infilling choices, quantification of parametric uncertainty, and a means to update the product post‐2015 when the NOAA‐CIRES‐DOE 20CRv3 sparse input reanalysis product, upon which they are based, presently ceases.
Asymmetric role of human capital and trade liberalization in the economic growth of Pakistan: Fresh evidence from the nonlinear analysis

Human capital and trade liberalization are playing a central role in growth theories. However, the link between human capital, trade liberalization, and economic growth remains a challenging question due to the inconclusive results of the previous studies. Paper contributes to this debate through asymmetric links among human capital, trade liberalization, and economic growth by incorporating labor and capital for Pakistan's economy by applying the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model. Results suggest that the positive and negative asymmetric impact of trade liberalization and human capital on growth substantially vary in the short and long run. In the long run, the increased trade liberalization hurts economic growth, while increased human capital has a minimal positive impact on economic growth in the short and long run. The implications of this paper are for economists and policymakers to strengthen the role of human capital and trade liberalization for Pakistan.
The Reliability and Validity of Speech-Language Pathologists’ Estimations of Intelligibility in Dysarthria

This study examined the reliability and validity of speech-language pathologists’ (SLP) estimations of speech intelligibility in dysarthria, including a visual analog scale (VAS) method and a percent estimation method commonly used in clinical settings. Speech samples from 20 speakers with dysarthria of varying etiologies were used to collect orthographic transcriptions from naïve listeners n=70 and VAS ratings and percent estimations of intelligibility from SLPs n=21. Intra- and interrater reliability for the two SLP intelligibility measures were evaluated, and the relationship between these measures was assessed. Finally, linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between the naïve listeners’ orthographic transcription scores and the two SLP intelligibility measures. The results indicated that the intrarater reliability for both SLP intelligibility measures was strong, and the interrater reliability between the SLP ratings was moderate to excellent. A moderate positive relationship between SLPs’ VAS ratings and percent estimations was also observed. Finally, both SLPs’ percent estimations and VAS ratings were predictive of naïve listeners’ orthographic transcription scores, with SLPs’ percent estimations being the strongest predictor. In conclusion, the average SLP percent estimations and VAS ratings are valid and reliable intelligibility measures. However, the validity and reliability of these measures vary between SLPs.
Role of Iron and Iron Overload in the Pathogenesis of Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Hematological Malignancies

Iron is an essential trace metal necessary for the reproduction and survival of fungal pathogens. The latter have developed various mechanisms to acquire iron from their mammalian hosts, with whom they participate in a continuous struggle for dominance over iron. Invasive fungal infections are an important problem in the treatment of patients with hematological malignancies, and they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of invasive clinical infections in these patients is complex, and the treatment, which must occur as early as possible, is difficult. There are several studies that have shown a possible link between iron overload and an increased susceptibility to infections. This link is also relevant for patients with hematological malignancies and for those treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The role of iron and its metabolism in the virulence and pathogenesis of various invasive fungal infections is intriguing, and so far, there is some evidence linking invasive fungal infections to iron or iron overload. Clarifying the possible association of iron and iron overload with susceptibility to invasive fungal infections could be important for a better prevention and treatment of these infections in patients with hematological malignancies.
Computer Simulations of Dislocations (Oxford Series on Materials Modelling)

1. Introduction to crystal dislocations Atomistic Models 2. Fundamentals of atomistic simulations 3. Case study of static simulation 4. Case study of dynamic simulation 5. More about periodic boundary conditions 6. Free energy calculations 7. Finding transition pathways PART 2 Continuum Models 8. Peierls-Nabarro model of dislocations 9. Kinetic Monte Carlo method 10. Line Dislocation Dynamics 11. The Phase Field method
Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential of Bioactive Compounds from Rhinacanthus nasutus Cell Suspension Culture

The potential benefits of natural plant extracts have received attention in recent years, encouraging the development of natural products that effectively treat various diseases. This is the first report on establishing callus and cell suspension cultures of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz. A yellow friable callus was successfully induced from in vitro leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1 mg/L 1-naphthalene acetic acid. A selected friable callus line was used to establish the cell suspension culture with the same medium. The antioxidant assays showed that the leaf- and ethanolic-suspension-cultured cell (SCC) extracts exhibited high antioxidant potential. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity revealed by the MTT assay demonstrated potent antiproliferative effects against the oral cancer cell lines ORL-48 and ORL-136 in a dose-dependent manner. Several groups of compounds, including terpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, quinones, and stilbenes, were identified by UHPLC–QToF–MS, with the same compounds detected in leaf and SCC extracts, including austroinulin, lucidenic acid, esculetin, embelin, and quercetin 3-(2″-p-hydroxybenzoyl-4″-p-coumarylrhamnoside). The present study suggests the value of further investigations for phytochemical production using R. nasutus cell suspension culture.
Breastfeeding Duration and High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study of Seven Provinces in China

This study was aimed to investigate the associations between breastfeeding duration and blood pressure (BP) levels, BP Z scores and high BP (HBP) in children and adolescents. A total of 57,201 participants including 29,491 boys and 27,710 girls aged 7–18 years were recruited from seven provinces in China in 2012. HBP was defined as BP levels of ≥95th percentiles of the referent age-, sex-, and height-specific population. Breastfeeding duration was divided into non-breastfeeding, 0–5 months, 6–12 months, and >12 months. Information on demographic, parental or family factors and dietary behaviors was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression models were applied to assess the relationships of breastfeeding duration with BP levels and BP Z scores and with HBP, respectively. Stratified analyses were performed to further investigate the potential subgroup-specific associations. The reported prolonged breastfeeding (>12 months) rate was 22.53% in the total population. After full adjustment, compared to the non-breastfeeding group, breastfeeding for 6–12 months was correlated with 0.43 (95% CI: −0.75, −0.11) and 0.36 (95% CI: −0.61, −0.12) mmHg lower levels of SBP and DBP, respectively. Similar decrease trends were found for BP Z scores. Prolonged breastfeeding (>12 months) was associated with 1.33 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.58) and 1.12 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.33) higher odds of HBP in boys and girls, respectively. Based on nationally representative data, there was no evidence that a longer duration of breastfeeding is protective against childhood HBP. Breastfeeding for 6–12 months may be beneficial to BP, while prolonged breastfeeding durations might increase the odds of HBP in children and adolescents.
The Combined Effect of Birth Weight and Lifestyle on Clustered Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents: A National School-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: Due to the adverse effects of cardio-metabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in children and adolescents on their current and later life health, and the growing evidence that birth weight and lifestyle have on CMRFs, we aimed to estimate the combined effect of birth weight and lifestyle on clustered CMRFs in children and adolescents. Methods: We enrolled 11,509 participants aged 7–18 years old in a national school-based cross-sectional study in seven provinces in China in 2013. Information on CMRFs was collected through anthropometric measurements and blood sample testing. Information on birth weight, lifestyle and other basic information were investigated through children and adolescents’ as well as parents’ questionnaires. The generalized linear mixed model was applied to estimate the odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the associations between CMRFs, clustered CMRFs and birth weight, lifestyle, and the combinations of birth weight and lifestyle. Results: Overall, the prevalence of clustered CMRFs was 3.6% in children and adolescents aged 7–18 years, higher in boys (4.4%) than girls (2.9%). The combination of LBW/ideal lifestyle (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.07–3.72) was associated with higher risk of clustered CMRFs, as well as in adolescents aged 13–18 years and in boys. The combination of HBW/poor lifestyle (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.13–2.68) was related to elevated risk of clustered CMRFs, especially in children aged 7–12 years. Conclusions: CMRFs in Chinese children and adolescents is concerning, ideal lifestyle could weaken the association of birth weight with clustered CMRFs, especially in younger age, indicating that programs to prevent abnormal birth weight or poor lifestyle or both among children and adolescents may reduce CMRFs in China.
Students' conceptual change in electricity and magnetism using simulations: A comparison of cognitive perturbation and cognitive conflict

The purpose of this study was to investigate Ethiopian physics undergraduate students' conceptual change in the concepts of electric potential and energy (EPE) and electromagnetic induction (EMI). A quasi-experimental design was used to study the effect of cognitive perturbation using physics interactive simulations (CPS) in relation to cognitive conflict using physics interactive simulations (CCS). Data were collected by using the modified Diagnostic Exam of Electricity and Magnetism (DEEM). ANCOVA was conducted on the scores of 45 students on the modified DEEM test to compare the effectiveness of the CCS and CPS. The results showed a significant difference between the two classes of the post-test scores on the DEEM test, (1, 36) = 4.66, p = 0.04, partial eta squared = 0.12. Consequently, it was concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between CPS and CCS in changing students' alternative conceptions towards scientific conceptions favoring CPS. Medium practical difference between the two classes was estimated by the partial eta squared effect size. To characterize and compare improvement of the students' conceptual learning in both treatment classes, Hake's average normalized gain 〈g〉 from pre- to post-scores were analyzed. It is suggested that in abstract conceptual areas of electricity and magnetism, in which most students have inappropriate and counterproductive responses, cognitive perturbation through interactive simulations is more effective than cognitive conflict through interactive simulations in facilitating conceptual change, and, thus, can improve classroom instruction in the area. Recommendations are also suggested for guiding future research in this area. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach
Examining the Utility of a Sleep Resource in Transdiagnostic Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy: An Observational Study

Patients seeking transdiagnostic internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (T-ICBT) for anxiety or depression often have sleep difficulties. A brief resource that includes sleep psychoeducation and strategies for improving sleep (e.g., stimulus control and sleep restriction) may address comorbid insomnia without the need for an insomnia-specific ICBT course. This observational study explored patient use and feedback of a brief sleep resource available to all patients (n = 763) enrolled in an 8-week T-ICBT course. Overall, 30.1% of patients (n = 230) reviewed the resource and were older, more engaged with the ICBT course (i.e., more likely to complete the program, more logins, and greater number of days enrolled in the course) and had higher pretreatment insomnia symptoms than those who did not review the resource. Resource reviewers did not report larger improvements in symptoms of insomnia than non-reviewers, even among patients with clinical levels of insomnia, and average insomnia levels remained above the clinical cutoff at posttreatment. While patients were satisfied with the resource and it was beneficial to some patients, more research is needed to further explore how it may be integrated into T-ICBT and how therapists can encourage the use of the resource among patients who may benefit from the resource.
Unsteady Aerodynamic Response of a Two-Dimensional Airfoil at High Reduced Frequency

An experimental technique is described which corroborates the predictions of several new analyses of the unsteady response of an airfoil to high frequency flow fluctuations. The periodically fluctuating flowfield was produced by the natural shedding of vortices from a transverse cylinder to yield a reduced frequency of 3.9 based on airfoil semichord. Unsteady pressure measurements were made on an instrumented airfoil mounted downstream and above the turbulent wake of the cylinder. These unsteady pressures were found to be in good agreement with current compressible theories and show a chordwise variation of pressure phase angle which is not predicted by the incompressible analysis of Sears. Large reductions of the unsteady lift and phase angle were also observed for large airfoil incidence angles.
Mechanical properties and microstructure of Fuji apple peel and pulp

ABSTRACT The mechanical characteristics of apples are crucial to the mechanization of apple production. In this study, the mechanical characteristics of the Fuji apple with the largest crop yield were studied by testing the tensile strength, compression strength, shear strength, bending strength, hardness, friction coefficient, and microstructure. The obtained minimum values of the elastic modulus, yield strength, shear strength, bending strength, and compressive strength were 5.0 ± 0.52, 2.2 ± 0.15, 0.45 ± 0.02, 0.062, and 2.4 ± 0.21 MPa, respectively, all located at the maximum radial radius of the pulp. The hardness decreased gradually with storage time: the hardness of the pulp after 28 days was 0.16 ± 0.02 MPa. The static friction coefficients against TPU (Thermoplastic Urethane) rubber and aluminum alloy materials were 0.88 ± 0.03 and 0.14 ± 0.003, respectively. The microstructure of the peel and pulp changed significantly after damage. The regular shape was destroyed, and the cells deformed and ruptured. The changes in the microstructure were consistent with the changes in the macromechanical properties, so the reliability of the test data could be verified.
Receiving Genomic Sequencing Results through the Victorian Undiagnosed Disease Program: Exploring Parental Experiences

Rare diseases cumulatively affect a significant number of people, and for many, a diagnosis remains elusive. The Victorian Undiagnosed Disease Program (UDP-Vic) utilizes deep phenotyping, advanced genomic sequencing and functional studies to diagnose children with rare diseases for which previous clinical testing has been non-diagnostic. Whereas the diagnostic outcomes of undiagnosed disease programs have been well-described, here, we explore how parents experience participation in the UDP-Vic and the impact of receiving both diagnostic and non-diagnostic genomic sequencing results for their children. Semi-structured interviews ranging in length from 25 to 105 min were conducted with 21 parents of children in the program. Ten participants were parents of children who received a diagnosis through the program, and eleven were parents of children who remain undiagnosed. Although the experiences of families varied, five shared themes emerged from the data: (1) searching for a diagnosis, (2) varied impact of receiving a result, (3) feelings of relief and disappointment, (4) seeking connection and (5) moving towards acceptance. The findings demonstrate the shared experience of parents of children with rare disease both before and after a genomic sequencing result. The results have implications for genetic counselors and clinicians offering genomic sequencing and supporting families of children with rare diseases.
Surface Modification of WE43 Magnesium Alloys with Dopamine Hydrochloride Modified GelMA Coatings

As biodegradable medical implants, magnesium alloys have attracted great concerns due to their desirable biological and mechanical performances. Nevertheless, the overfast degradation rate of magnesium alloys makes it difficult to make full use of their potential in medical sciences. Therefore, it is a hot issue to control the degradation rate and functionalize the magnesium alloys via surface modifications. Herein, methacrylate gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel was adopted as coatings on the surface of WE43 magnesium alloys to control the degradation behaviors of magnesium alloys. Inspired by mussels, dopamine (DOPA) hydrochloride was adopted to modify GelMA to further functionalize the coatings. The compositions, swelling properties, degradation behaviors, and morphologies of samples were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and immersion test. It was shown that GelMA-DOPA composites could be obtained and the swelling and degradation behaviors of magnesium alloys could be controlled by adjusting the compositions of GelMA and DOPA. Furthermore, the GelMA-DOPA hydrogel coatings can be tightly bonded to the Mg alloys.
Characterization, potential and conservation of Pisang Kates (Musa cv. ABB), a unique local banana cultivar from Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Hapsari L, Damaiyani J, Yulistyarini T, Auliya I, Gusmiati LH, Zaro RM. 2022. Characterization, potential and conservation of Pisang Kates (Musa cv. ABB), a unique local banana cultivar from Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3521-3532. Characterization of local banana (Musa spp.) germplasm is fundamental for identification and provides information on traits that support their sustainable conservation and optimum utilization. This study aims to characterize and discuss the potential and conservation of Pisang Kates,a local cultivar originatingfrom Tutur, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. The observed characteristics include morphology, molecular, agronomy and yield performance, leaf anatomy and stomata, pollen morphology and viability, fruit total soluble solids and nutrients. Results showed that Pisang Kates hasa unique fruit shape ovoid to globose, weight of40-150 g, appear solitary and randomly attached directly to peduncle, like papaya. It was molecularly by Internal Transcribed Spacer barcode confirmed as ABB genotype. It is tolerant to drought and banana bunchy top virus, but susceptible to wilts. Leaf anatomy has three palisades and isodiametric polygonal epidermals. Leaf stomata is amphistomatic, tetracytic on adaxial,and paracytic on abaxial. Pollen unit is monad, very large, subspheroidal, monocolpate aperture, granulum ornamentation, and low viability. Fruit moderately sweet with nutrient contents equal to dessert banana. Pisang Kates has potential as one serving consumer size fruit, ornamental fruit plant, female parent for breeding,and pioneer plant for rehabilitation programs. Both ex-situ and on-farm conservation strategies of this valuable local banana genetic resource are encouraged.