Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A hybrid Meta-heuristic solution for Energy-Efficient routing in Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Network 

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has been adopted as an emerging networking paradigm within Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). SDN enables WSNs with self-configuration and programmable control to dynamically and efficiently manage the network functionalities. Generally, in WSN, smart sensing devices suffer from the low battery issue and they may be deployed in such environments where frequent recharge is not possible after the deployment. Therefore, this work focuses on energy-efficient routing problem considering Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks (SD-WSN) architecture. In SD-WSN, Control Server (CS) assigns the tasks to selected Control Nodes (CNs) dynamically. Thus, the CNs' selection process is developed as one optimization (NP-Hard) problem to make the network functional. To solve this problem effectively, a nature-inspired algorithm i.e., Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is hybridized with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in order to improve its convergence and overall performance. This hybrid variant of GWO is dedicated to offering a Balanced clustering (BC) based routing protocol, this variant is referred to as HGWO-BC. Further, to solve the problem effectively, a fitness function is designed that considers several parameters e.g., intracluster distance, CS to CNs distance, nodes' residual energy, and cluster size. Thus, the proposed approach performs balanced, energy-efficient, and scalable clustering and prolongs the network life-time. To verify its effectiveness, an exhaustive simulation study is done. Comparative results show that the HGWO-BC approach outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches concerning network life-time, residual energy, network throughput, and convergence rate.
A high accuracy diffusion kinetics formalism for random multicomponent alloys: application to high entropy alloys

Abstract In this paper, a new, lighter, version of the highly accurate Moleko, Allnatt and Allnatt formalism for describing both tracer (self) and collective diffusion kinetics in multicomponent random alloys is presented. Verification of the resulting expressions is performed by means of kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. The accuracy of the new formalism is much higher than that of the combined Manning and Holdsworth and Elliott formalism discussed recently. Using this formalism the possible range of the tracer diffusion ratio of the highest to the lowest atomic component is examined for equiatomic (or near equiatomic) binary, ternary, quaternary and quinary alloys. It is shown that in the random alloy model, the correlation effect is the highest with a reduction of the fastest tracer diffusion by 40–55%, when moving from two pure metals to their equiatomic binary alloy. By adding the third component (with an intermediate mobility) this effect can be further increased with a possible total reduction of the fastest tracer diffusion by up to 70% (depending on the combinations of mobilities), while adding the fourth component brings this reduction up to 80% and with a possible maximum of up to 85% reduction for the 5-component alloy (again depending on the combinations of mobilities). But the slowest diffusing components are not affected by this. This suggests that kinetics arguments alone are not enough for explaining the sluggish diffusion observed of all atomic components in (equiatomic) high-entropy alloys.
Parental Drinking, Mental Health, and Education; The Association with Offspring’s Recurring contact with Healthcare Services for Anxiety/Depression. A longitudinal Combined HUNT Survey and Health Registry Study

Background and aims: Previous research have shown that certain risk constellations of parental drinking, mental health, and years of education were prospectively associated with increased risk of offspring receiving a diagnosis and/or treatment for anxiety/depression. We know less about how such constellations may relate to other aspects of offspring’s mental health -- including recurring healthcare utilization. We examined offspring's recurring utilization of healthcare services for these disorders, as measured both by the duration of and the number of contacts with services during a 7-year study period, as a function of parental risk constellations.Design: Longitudinal cohort design combining health survey and registry data. Participants and setting: The sample included 8773 offspring from 6696 two-parent families who participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study in Norway. Measurements: The exposures were five constellations of parental risks, derived previously from latent profile analysis, characterized by drinking frequencies and quantities, years of education, and mental health. The outcomes were the number of years in contact with, and the total number of contacts with the healthcare services for anxiety/depression in offspring as recorded in healthcare registries during 2008-2014. Associations were examined using zero-inflated negative binomial regression models while accounting for demographics and offspring’s early mental health.Results: Parental risk constellations were not significantly associated with offspring’s’ recurring use of healthcare services for anxiety and depression during the study period, neither in terms of the number of utilization years or the number of contacts. These were primarily a function of offspring’s own characteristics, such as male gender and early mental health problems. Conclusions: Parental risk constellations were not prospectively associated with recurring utilization of healthcare services for anxiety and depression disorders among the offspring during the 7-year study period; offspring from 4 risky constellations were no more likely to use such services for longer period of time or to use them on more occasions than offspring from the low-risk constellation. Seen in conjunction with previous research, parental risk constellations may be thus more informative for understanding the etiology of offspring’s anxiety/depression, than for understanding of other aspects, including recurrence of healthcare utilization in offspring.
Teachers’ Attempts to Respond to Students’ Lived Experiences

ABSTRACT How science teachers attend to key features of teaching scientific phenomena and the overlap with students’ lives is the focus of this study. Our conceptual framework is informed by work on resource pedagogies, which examines how teachers build on students’ language and stories of their lived experiences as a meaningful way to build content knowledge in a discipline. We examined 38 secondary science teachers’ instruction, then purposefully selected 3 teachers who rated highest in being responsive to students’ lived experiences in classroom discussions for an in-depth analysis. We observed 1 unit of instruction in each teacher’s classroom and conducted interviews to examine teachers’ pedagogical reasoning with students’ resources. The findings suggest responsive practices teachers used to draw on students’ lived experiences when planning and enacting phenomena-based instruction.
OMI-observed HCHO in Shanghai, China during 2010–2019 and ozone sensitivity inferred by improved HCHO / NO2 ratio

Abstract. In recent years, satellite remote sensing has been increasingly used in the long-term observation of ozone (O3) precursors and its formation regime. In this work, formaldehyde (HCHO) data from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) were used to analyse the temporal and spatial distribution of HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) in Shanghai from 2010 to 2019. HCHO VCDs exhibited the highest value in summer and the lowest in winter, the high-VCD concentrated in western Shanghai. Temperature largely influence HCHO by affecting the biogenic emissions and photochemical reactions, and industry was the major anthropogenic source. The satellite observed formaldehyde to nitrogen dioxide ratio (FNRSAT) reflects that the O3 formation regime had significant seasonal characteristics and gradually manifested as transitional ozone formation regime dominated in Shanghai. The uneven distribution in space was mainly reflected as the higher FNRSAT and surface O3 concentration in rural area. To compensate the shortcoming of FNRSAT that it can only characterize O3 formation around satellite overpass time, correction of FNRSAT was implemented with hourly surface FNR and O3 data. After correction, O3 formation regime showed the trend moving towards VOC-limited in both time and space, and regime indicated by FNRSAT can better reflect O3 formation for a day. This study can help us better understand HCHO characteristics and O3 formation regime in Shanghai, and also provide a method to improve FNRSAT for characterizing O3 formation in a day, which will be significant for developing O3 prevention and control strategies.
The physical characteristics and anthropometric measurements among different gestational age of newborn infants

Background: Prematurity or short gestational age is associated with increased neonatal mortality and morbidity. In low income or developing countries precise gestational age is still frequently not known and making the identification of premature newborns is not easy. The aim of this study was to investigate the physical characteristics and anthropometric measurements to estimate gestational age of newborn infants. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we included 90 pregnant women, 27 were preterm with gestational age 28-36 weeks, 55 were term with gestational age 37-41 weeks and remaining 8 were post term with gestational age 42-43 weeks. After normal delivery the physical characteristics and anthropometric measurements were recorded in all 90 singleton live newborns. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS windows version 20.0 software. Results: The physical characteristics namely sole creases, ear firmness, skin texture, skull firmness, hair texture and anterior Fontenelle were well developed in term and post term newborns as compared pre term newborns babies. All the anthropometric measurements such as length of infants, birth weight, head circumference, chest circumference and crown rump length were significantly higher in newborns of post term (p<0.0001) and term (p<0.001) groups as compared to newborns in preterm group. Conclusions: It is concluded from this study that the physical characteristics and anthropometric measurements in generally have increased with the advancement of gestational age. Hence, physical characteristics and anthropometric measurement can be used to estimate the gestational age of newborn babies.
An Analysis of Factors Influencing Indonesia’s Leading Agricultural Commodities Export to India

Indonesia's trade balance to India had been decreasing since 2013. That has been affected by the downward trend in agricultural export value of Indonesia. This problem has raised Government’s attention to increase the export performance. This research aimed to analyze the determinants of Indonesia’s leading agricultural commodities export to India. Panel data regression model was explored to analyze secondary data of the range year 2001 to 2017. The factors examined in this study were India’s real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, Rupiah exchange rate, export price of Indonesia agricultural commodities and India’s import tariff. Model testing used the Chow, Hausman and Lagrange tests to compare and select the best model. The determinant of the variables testing used statistical and classical assumption tests. The results showed that India’s real GDP per capita has positive influence to the export value which means an increase in the purchasing power of trading partners would increase the value of exports. The Rupiah exchange rate has negative influence to the export value which means that the depreciation of rupiah to dollar causes a decrease in the export value. The export price of Indonesia’s agricultural commodities have positive influence on the export value, however the tariff has no effect. The policy that can be suggested to the government is to provide support and encourage domestic producers to increase exports to India.
PENGARUH PROMOSI DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN KARIR KARYAWAN PADA PT. BERASTAGI BINTANG ASIA MEDAN

This research is a quantitative descriptive study with a questionnaire instrument conducted at PT Berastagi Bintang Asia Medan. The sampling technique was a total sampling of 85 people. Based on the F test results, it can be concluded that the variables of job promotion and competence simultaneously have a significant effect on the career development of employees of PT Berastagi Bintang Asia Medan. Furthermore, the t test results show that job promotion and competence partially have a significant effect on the career development of PT Berastagi Bintang Asia Medan employees.
Robust optimal investment strategy of DC pension plans with stochastic salary and a return of premiums clause

Abstract In this paper, we investigate a robust optimal investment problem for a defined contribution (DC) pension plan with a return of premiums clause, taking account of the inflation risk and the salary risk. The members in the pension plan continuously contribute a fixed proportion of their stochastic salaries into the pension fund and receive the benefits at retirement time. Due to a return of premiums clause, the members who die in the accumulation phase have the right to withdraw their accumulated premiums. The pension fund manager can invest the wealth of the fund into a financial market consisting of a risk-free asset, an inflation-indexed bond and a stock. The manager is assumed to be ambiguity-averse and attempt to maximize the expected utility of the terminal wealth in each alive member’s pension account under the worst-case scenario. By adopting a new state variable which represents the accumulated premiums and using dynamic programming approach, we derive the robust optimal investment strategy and the corresponding value function. Finally, the effects of the stochastic salary, the return of premiums clause and the attitude about the model uncertainty on the robust optimal investment strategy are illustrated by mathematical and numerical analysis.
Refugia during the last glacial period and the origin of the disjunct distribution of an insular plant

Although many phylogeographic studies have focused on continental refugia, the roles of islands as refugia have long been overlooked. In this study, we conducted phylogeographic studies of a plant with insular distribution, Microtropis japonica, to elucidate the potential roles of islands as refugia during recent glacial periods. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that two remote groups of Japanese islands (the Izu and Ryukyu Islands) were refugia for M japonica.
Hydropower Potential in near Future Climate over Burundi (East Africa) : A Case study of Rwegura Catchment

This paper assessed the near future projected hydropower potential over Rwegura catchment hosting, up to date, the biggest hydropower plant of Burundi. Observed and gridded data were considered over the period 1981 − 2010 while simulations from eight selected Regional Climate Models (RCM) provided by Africa−CORDEX program were used over a period spanning from 1981 to mid−21 century. Two emission scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 were considered, and RCM data were downscaled at local climate using Empirical Statistical Downscaling method and bias adjusted using Quantile Delta Mapping method. Trends were detected through Mann-Kendall’s test *Corresponding author: E-mail: manirakiza celest@yahoo.fr; Manirakiza et al.; JENRR, 7(1): 51-65, 2021; Article no.JENRR. 65052 while Pettitt’s test was adopted for break point detection. Regression based statistical model was utilized for streamflow prediction. The findings revealed a decrease in rainfall over the northern highlands while a general increase in temperature was detected all over the study area. At Rwegura catchment, 22.8 m/s was estimated as low flow in the 90 percentile over the current period. Furthermore, the projected changes in hydropower potential showed that decreases of 11% and 16% are expected by 2050 over Rwegura catchment respectively under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The projected decrease detected in hydropower potential may affect negatively the lifestyle of the population. Therefore, all policymakers in the energy sector of Burundi can plan alternative solutions to alleviate inconveniences of the projected decrease in hydropower energy.
Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Women with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer in Kenya: Utility of Ki67

Background: Ki67 levels have been shown to have good predictive value in breast cancer treatment. There is paucity of data on Ki67 levels in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in Kenya. This study evaluated the utility of Ki67 in predicting response to NACT. Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out at Kenyatta National Hospital between December 2017 and January 2019 onpatients with locally advanced breast cancer. We recruited 61 women through consecutive sampling technique. Data collected included patient demographics, pre-treatment tumor size, Ki67 levels and tumor biology. After 3 cycles of first-line chemotherapy, ultrasonography was used to determine response. Data were analyzed by SPSS for proportion of change in tumor size. The response was correlated with tumor biology and pretreatment levels of Ki67 using chisquare at a 95% confidence interval. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The response rate after 3 cycles of NACT was 39.4%, sensitivity and specificity of Ki67 levels were 70.8% and 43.2% respectively with a cut-off value of 32.5%. Conclusions: Ki67 was found to predict response in our context at a rate of 39.4% at 20% cutoff after 3 cycles. Keywords: Ki67, Breast cancer, Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Study on Millimeter-Wave SIW Rectenna and Arrays With High Conversion Efficiency

A novel aperture-coupled patch rectenna backed by a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity operated at 35 GHz for millimeter-wave power transmission (MMPT) with high conversion efficiency is presented in this article. A four-element SIW patch array with a harmonic suppression function based on the barbell-type defect ground structure (DGS) is proposed as the receiving antenna; thus, the low-pass filter in the rectifying circuit can be omitted. The Schottky diode is parallel-mounted in the rectifying circuit, which has a measured rectifying efficiency of 61.2% with a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$500~\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> load when the received power is 100 mW. The maximum conversion efficiency of the rectenna element is 60.9% when the received power is 79.4 mW. Additionally, 4–8-and 16-element rectenna arrays are also investigated to obtain high direct current power. When the power density is 9.2 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>, the conversion efficiencies of the rectenna element, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array are 50.5%, 44.1%, 41.9%, 38.9%, respectively. The measured conversion efficiency of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> rectenna array at 35 GHz is 49.2% when the input power is 1259 mW. The low profile and easy integration of the studied rectenna will make it easy to expand its use to large-scale arrays for high-power MMPT applications.
Pedestrian Crash Exposure Analysis Using Alternative Geographically Weighted Regression Models

In order to develop a sustainable, safe, and dynamic transportation system, proper attention must be paid to the safety of pedestrians. The purpose of this study is to analyze the surrogate measures related to pedestrian crash exposure in urban roads, including the use of sociodemographic characteristics, land use, and geometric characteristics of the network. This study develops pedestrian exposure models using geographical spatial models including geographically weighted regression (GWR), geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR), and geographically weighted Gaussian regression (GWGR). In general, the results of the GWPR model show that the presence of a bus station, population density, type of residential use, average number of lanes, number of traffic control cameras, and sidewalk width are negatively associated with increasing the number of crashes. In this study, in order to identify traffic analysis zones (TAZ) based on the observed and predicted crash data, spatial distance-based methods using GWPR outputs have been used. This study shows the dispersion and density of pedestrian crashes without possessing the volume of pedestrians. Comparison of the performance of GWPR and Poisson models shows a significant spatial heterogeneity in the analysis.
Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization and Bio-organics on Growth and Yield of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek](Abstract)

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy farm, S.K. N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan) during kharif 2014 on loamy sand soil. The experiment comparising of four levels of phosphorus (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) and five bio-organics (control, PSB, VAM, vermicompost @ 2 t/ha and vermicompost @ 2 t/ha + VAM) thereby making 20 treatment combinations was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice. Mungbean variety “RMG-268‟ was used as a test crop. Results showed that every increase in level of phosphorus upto 40 kg/ha significantly increased the growth and yield attributing characters of mungbean viz., plant height, number of branches/plant and crop dry matter accumulation at all the stages, number and weight of root nodules/plant, CGR, number of pods/plant, grains/pod and test weight over preceding levels. It also registered significantly higher grain (1190 kg/ha), straw (2360 kg/ha) and biological yield (3549 kg/ha) of mungbean in comparison to 20 kg/ha and control. However, it was found at par with 60 kg P2O5/ha, wherein the maximum values of most of the growth and yield attributes and yields were obtained. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration in grain and straw and their uptake by crop and protein content in grain were also improved significantly upto 40 kg P2O5/ha. This level of phosphorus fertilization fetched 15.4 and 69.5 per cent higher net returns over 20 kg/ha and control, respectively with the highest B: C ratio of 2.48. Every increase in level of phosphorus upto 40 kg/ha significantly increased the available P2O5 in soil after harvest of the crop over lower levels. Agronomic efficiency and apparent recovery of P showed declining trend with increasing level of phosphorus. Results further showed that application of vermicompost @ 2 t/ha + VAM recorded the highest values of most of the growth and yield determining characters of mungbean among all the bio-organics. It also produced 48.1, 62.9 and 57.8 per cent higher grain yield than control, respectively and showed superiority in enhancing nutrient concentration in grain and straw and their uptake, phosphorus use efficiency and organic carbon and P2O5 in soil after crop harvest. Dual application of vermicompost + VAM attained the highest net returns of ` 49249/ha that were 10.3, 14.1, 19.1 and 49.7 per cent more than vermicompost alone, PSB, VAM and control, respectively.