Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Old Habits Die Hard: Exploring the Effect of Supply Chain Dependency and Culture on Performance Outcomes and Relationship Satisfaction

This paper examines the effect of dependency and culture on relationship performance and satisfaction in an interdependent supply chain. Several studies have empirically tested the relationship between dependence and outcomes but none, to our knowledge, have included the multifaceted construct of organisational culture as a mediating variable. This paper takes a theory-building, longitudinal case-study approach using mixed methods to understand the dynamic between dependence and culture and proposes that interdependence will lead to collaborative organisational cultures over the long term (over five years) and this will positively influence relationship performance and satisfaction. However, our study finds that the rhetoric does not match the reality: interdependence in a supply chain relationship does not necessarily lead to a collaborative culture. It appears that firms use the term “collaborative” as another term for risk management, are still wedded to transactional mechanisms rather than relational mechanisms, and are opportunistic in their behaviour when the opportunity presents itself. We also find that collaborative culture is more apparent at the operational level but missing at the strategic level. When a true collaborative culture is absent, satisfaction and performance decline; when it is present, these increase. We propose that when a culture of true collaboration exists this is more stable over time but when this is missing the culture fluctuates between relational and transactional practices.
Modern pterobranchs: observations on their behaviour and tube building

Summary There is a considerable difference in the ultrastructure of fusellar tissue between fossil graptolites and modern pterobranchs. The phylogenetic significance of these differences is uncertain. It was thought that the ultrastructure of the earliest, and therefore probably the simplest, stage of formation of the pterobranch prosiculum might provide additional relevant clues. The larva escapes from the original dome-shaped seal by producing a hole, and immediately produces a series of fuselli around the aperture. The zooid uses the cephalic shield to construct the tube. The size of the original fuselli is very variable, but soon achieves adult size. The fuselli are very similar to those of adult erect tubes, and have oblique sutures. There is much extraneous material incorporated into the wall. It is proposed that the fibrils of the stroma of the coenecium somehow mature after they have been secreted. Histochemical tests suggest that the stroma contains a considerable amount of acid and sulphated mucopolysaccharides. Tests for chitin and keratin have been uniformly negative. Similar positive histochemical reactions have been achieved on the cephalic shield. Adult tube building and repair are reported for the first time.
Sedimentary characters during the Late Devonian in Tacheng area and their tectono-paleogeography signification.

According to the analysis of sequence and sedimentary characters, four sedimentary facies, turbidite, shallow marine, littoral and marine-continental alternating facies have been recognized from the corss-sections in the north of Tacheng area, composing a coarse upward sedimentary association. Study on paleocurrent direction and depositional evolution shows that the north Tacheng area was located to north of the Chengjisi-Taerbahatai fold belts during the early Late Paleozoic and was characterized by a north-opening continental margin that developed a sedimentary system including deep marine, shallow marine, littoral to marine-continental alternating facies. The palaeogeographic pattern in Tacheng area of Northwest Junggar probably consists of a uplift zones of the Early Paleozoic Chengjisi-Taerbahatai fold belts in the south and a north-opening continental margin in the north during the early Late Paleozoic.
Seal-marking methods

For many years, in the course of fisheries investigations, large numbers of fish have been marked by means of numbered metal tags. Other marking methods, such as dyeing, branding and clipping of fins, have all been tried but found to be either unsuitable, or difficult of application, or less satisfactory in some way. Since 1924 the Discovery Committee has marked some thousands of whales. For this purpose it has been found convenient to use stainless steel tubes which are fired into the blubber and remain firmly embedded until the whale is captured and dismembered by the whalers. Whale marking is in fact limited to this method, because these immense animals cannot be caught and later released. In the case of seals it is unlikely that marks shot into the blubber would prove successful because their skin and blubber is thinner than that of whales and, as seals haul out on land and ice at intervals, the mark would soon be torn out.
Predicting Postoperative Intraocular Lens Dislocation in Cataract Surgery via Deep Learning

A critical yet unpredictable complication following cataract surgery is intraocular lens dislocation. Postoperative stability is imperative, as even a tiny decentration of multifocal lenses or inadequate alignment of the torus in toric lenses due to postoperative rotation can lead to a significant drop in visual acuity. Investigating possible intraoperative indicators that can predict post-surgical instabilities of intraocular lenses can help prevent this complication. In this paper, we develop and evaluate the first fully automatic framework for the computation of lens unfolding delay, rotation, and instability during surgery. Adopting a combination of three types of CNNs, namely recurrent, region-based, and pixel-based, the proposed framework is employed to assess the possibility of predicting postoperative lens dislocation during cataract surgery. This is achieved via performing a large-scale study on the statistical differences between the behavior of different brands of intraocular lenses and aligning the results with expert surgeons’ hypotheses and observations about the lenses. We exploit a large-scale dataset of cataract surgery videos featuring four intraocular lens brands. Experimental results confirm the reliability of the proposed framework in evaluating the lens’ statistics during the surgery. The Pearson correlation and t-test results reveal significant correlations between lens unfolding delay and lens rotation and significant differences between the intra-operative rotations stability of four groups of lenses. These results suggest that the proposed framework can help surgeons select the lenses based on the patient’s eye conditions and predict post-surgical lens dislocation.
POPULATION DYNAMICS

ABSTRACT This chapter reviews aspects of population dynamics that may be conceptually important for biological control of mosquitoes. Density dependent population regulation among immature stages has important implications for biological control of mosquito populations, primarily because it can lead to compensatory or overcompensatory mortality due to additions of a biological control agent. This can result in control efforts leading to no change in the target population, or actual increases in the target population, respectively. Density dependent effects, and compensatory or overcompensatory mortality, appear to be most common in mosquitoes from container or highly ephemeral habitats. In permanent ground water habitats generalist predators appear to limit mosquito populations and so render mortality additive. Thus, biological control in permanent ground water habitats seems to have the highest likelihood of producing a satisfactory result. A central premise of classical biological control is that pest populations are reduced by enemies to stable equilibrium levels that are both below the pre-control equilibrium level, and well below the level producing detrimental effects. This premise results in predictions that successful biological control is likely to involve specialist enemies (usually parasitoids), with short generation times relative to the victim, high rates of successful search, rapid rates of increase, and needing only a few victims to complete their life cycle. These predictions largely fail for mosquito systems, in which successful biological control seems to be associated with generalist enemies that can kill a large portion of the target population, often causing local extinction, and can persist in the absence of the target organism. Biological control of mosquitoes appears to be inherently unstable, thus contrasting sharply with classical biological control. This review suggests a need for better data on density dependent regulation of mosquito populations.
Mission planning for operational data acquisition campaigns with the {sup casi}

The compact airborne spectrographic imager (casi) is a “pushbroom” style airborne remote sensing instrument which has been used for a variety of applications suited to its high performance, portability, flexibility in choice of spectral bands and imaging combinations, image geocoding capabilities, low-cost data acquisition, and relative ease of use and processing. Accordingly, the casi offers a versatile tool to the environmental monitoring specialist. As the casi may be configured to operate in either spatial or spectral mode the user decides which is most appropriate for the needs of a particular study. Spatial mode is appropriate for identifying and mapping attributes spatially using a priori spectral knowledge whereas spectral mode is well suited to identifying detailed spectral characteristics of a feature. The hyperspectral acquisition mode is a combination of both spatial and spectral operations, where contiguous spatial and spectral information are collected. The array of imaging possibilities provided by the casi requires the user to make many decisions. Yet, the options provided by the casi are not the only issues that need to be addressed pre-flight. Other considerations are flight azimuth, positioning of flight lines, sun angle, differential correction of airborne GPS data, and possible collection of pseudo-invariant features (PIFs) with a spectroradiometer. The above issues need to be addressed to reduce sun “hot spots”, sun glint, minimize bidirectional effects, and improve image mosaicking. Data may be acquired to optimize use of a downwelling irradiance sensor, real-time attitude sensing using either a vertical gyroscope or Inertial Navigation System, and differential GPS measurements. The goal of this paper is to provide a general “guide” for airborne casi remote sensing mission planning that will facilitate the acquisition of quality imagery for forestry, water, environmental, and mapping applications.
Microbial Biofacies in Hot-Spring Sinters: A Model Based on Ohaaki Pool, North Island, New Zealand

ABSTRACT Ohaaki Pool was the main hot spring in the Broadlands-Ohaaki geothermal area before recent anthropogenic modification. The alkaline Na-HCO3-Cl water, which discharged at 95°C with a flow rate of 10 l·s-1, flowed down a broad discharge apron into the Waikato River. The discharge apron was inhabited by thriving microbial communities that included Calothrix, Phormidium, and numerous Synechococcus. These microbes mediated the construction of columnar stromatolites around the edge of Ohaaki Pool, oncoids in the discharge channel, and intercalated stratiform stromatolites, "Conophyton", and coccoid microbial mats on the distal part of the discharge apron. All the microbes were variably replaced and encrusted by amorphous silica while alive or shortly after death. Consequently, fabrics in the siliceous sinters around Ohaaki Pool are controlled by the growth patterns and composition of the microbial community. For example, the Calothrix-dominated community gave rise to stratiform stromatolites that are characterized by alternating erect and prostrate laminae. Conversely, the Synechococcus-dominated communities formed mats that produced dense, white siliceous laminae. The Phormidium-Synechococcus community constructed the "Conophyton". Platy, skeletal, and blocky calcite crystals are found in, around, and between the siliceous stromatolites that formed around Ohaaki Pool, the proximal part of the discharge apron, and in the oncoids. Although minor calcite is found locally in the stratiform stromatolites on the discharge apron, there is no evidence that microbes played any role in calcite precipitation.
A Review on Recycled Aggregates for the Construction Industry

The essence of modern development is closely linked with conservation of natural resources by preventing environmental degradation as construction materials are increasingly judged by their ecological characteristics. Concrete, the most versatile material for construction, is playing a significant role in the growth of infrastructural and industrial segments but it has been claimed that concrete is not an environmentally-friendly material due to its destructive resource consuming nature and the possibly severe environmental impact after its use. It will, however, remain the major construction material being used worldwide. In order to study closely and in brief related studies in the field of recycling of hardened concrete or the use of recycled aggregates this literature review was carried out. Recycled aggregates are still not conventionally used in the construction industry but still a lot of work has been done on recycling of hardened concrete and continuous improvements are required to optimize this. Some of the research studies on the properties, uses, shortcomings and behavior of recycled aggregate have also been highlighted.
E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty‐first Century The 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture

Ethnic diversity is increasing in most advanced countries, driven mostly by sharp increases in immigration. In the long run immigration and diversity are likely to have important cultural, economic, fiscal, and developmental benefits. In the short run, however, immigration and ethnic diversity tend to reduce social solidarity and social capital. New evidence from the US suggests that in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods residents of all races tend to ‘hunker down’. Trust (even of one's own race) is lower, altruism and community cooperation rarer, friends fewer. In the long run, however, successful immigrant societies have overcome such fragmentation by creating new, cross-cutting forms of social solidarity and more encompassing identities. Illustrations of becoming comfortable with diversity are drawn from the US military, religious institutions, and earlier waves of American immigration.
Bringing the Inside Out: Enhancing Authenticity and Positive Identity in Organizations

Definition and Core Assumptions About Authenticity . 150 Review of Research on Authenticity in Organizations . 152 Links Between Authenticity and Positive Identity . 154 Authenticity and Private Regard . 156 Becoming More Authentic . 157 Pathway 1: Deepening Self-Awareness . 158 Pathway 2: Peeling Off Masks, or Revealing More of the "True Self" . 159 Pathway 3: Authentication . 160 Avenues for Future Research: Complicating the Model. 162 165
Petrophysical characterization of a heterolithic tidal reservoir interval using a process-based modelling tool

Heterolithic lithofacies in the Jurassic Tilje Formation, offshore mid-Norway, consist of three components – sand, silt and mud intercalated at the centimetre scale – and are generally difficult to characterize petrophysically with core and wireline data. A near-wellbore model of the lower part of the Tilje Formation in the Heidrun Field is constructed to illustrate the application of these results to formation evaluation studies. The sedimentological model is developed by detailed parameterization of a cored well interval and the petrophysical properties are based on core plug data, taking into account sampling bias and length scale. The variation in petrophysical properties as a function of sample volume is examined by calculating the representative elementary volume. The sensitivity of the representative permeability values to the contrast between the three components is studied and gives a better understanding of the flow behaviour of this system. These results are used to rescale the core plug data to a representative value and thereby quantify the uncertainty associated with the wireline-based estimates of porosity and horizontal permeability and to give an improved estimate of the kv/kh ratio.
soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor is a novel biomarker predicting acute exacerbation in COPD

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory condition, and progresses with acute exacerbations. (AE). During AE, levels of acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and inflammatory cells in the circulation increase. Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) levels increase in acute viral and bacterial infections and in diseases involving chronic inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of suPAR in predicting diagnosis of AE of COPD (AE-COPD) and response to treatment. Methods: The study population consisted of 43 patients diagnosed with AE-COPD and 30 healthy controls. suPAR, CRP, and fibrinogen levels were measured on the first day of hospitalization and on the seventh day of treatment. Results: We found that fibrinogen ( P  0.001), CRP ( P  0.001), and suPAR ( P  0.001) were significantly higher in patients with AE-COPD than in healthy controls. Fibrinogen ( P  0.001), CRP ( P = 0.001), and suPAR ( P  0.001) were significantly decreased by the seventh day of treatment. However, the area under receiver operator characteristic curve showed that suPAR is superior to CRP and fibrinogen in distinguishing AE-COPD. There was a correlation between fibrinogen, CRP, and suPAR. However, only fibrinogen was a powerful predictor of suPAR in multiple linear regression. In multiple logistic regression, only suPAR and fibrinogen were strong predictors of AE-COPD ( P = 0.002 and P = 0.014, respectively). Serum suPAR was negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( r =- 478, P = 0.001). Conclusion: suPAR is a marker of acute inflammation. It is well correlated with such inflammation markers as CRP and fibrinogen. suPAR can be used as a predictor of AE-COPD and
A path forward: Improving Internet routing security by enabling zones of trust

Although Internet routing security best practices have recently seen auspicious increases in uptake, ISPs have limited incentives to deploy them. They are operationally complex and expensive to implement, provide little competitive advantage, and protect only against origin hijacks, leaving unresolved the more general threat of path hijacks. We propose a new approach that achieves four design goals: improved incentive alignment to implement best practices; protection against path hijacks; expanded scope of such protection to customers of those engaged in the practices; and reliance on existing capabilities rather than needing complex new software in every participating router. Our proposal leverages an existing coherent core of interconnected ISPs to create a zone of trust, a topological region that protects not only all networks in the region, but all directly attached customers of those networks. Customers benefit from choosing ISPs committed to the practices, and ISPs thus benefit from committing to the practices. We compare our approach to other schemes, and discuss how a related proposal, ASPA, could be used to increase the scope of protection our scheme achieves. We hope this proposal inspires discussion of how the industry can make practical, measurable progress against the threat of route hijacks in the short term by leveraging institutionalized cooperation rooted in transparency and accountability.
The effect of metformin treatment on volumes of free-living physical activity and sedentary behaviour: A post-hoc analysis of the PRE-D trial

ABSTRACT Perceived physical exertion is increased when exercise is performed on metformin treatment, but the clinical relevance of this is unknown. In this post hoc analysis of a randomized, controlled trial, we investigated whether metformin treatment was associated with lower levels of free-living physical activity. Ninety individuals with overweight/obesity (BMI>25 m2/kg) and HbA1c-defined prediabetes (39-47 mmol/mol) were randomized to treatment with dapagliflozin (SGLT2-inhibitor; 10 mg once daily, n=30), metformin (850 mg twice daily, n=30) or no treatment (control, n=30) for 13 weeks in a parallel-group, open-label trial. Before (baseline), during (6 weeks) and immediately after (13 weeks) cessation of treatment, a 6-day assessment of physical activity and sedentary behaviour was performed using accelerometer-based physical activity monitors. Intention-to-treat analyses revealed no within-group changes or differences in change between the groups for any measures of physical activity or sedentary behaviour at neither 6 nor 13 weeks. Short-term metformin treatment does not reduce free-living physical activity level in individuals with overweight/obesity and HbA1c-defined prediabetes.
Two-scale modeling of unsaturated water flow in a double-porosity medium under axisymmetric conditions

In this paper the development and experimental validation of a numerical model of two-dimensional unsaturated flow in a double-porosity medium is presented. The model is based on the coupled formulation for flow in macro- and micropores obtained by homogenization. It was applied to simulate the axisymmetrical tension disk infiltration experiments that were carried out in a double-porosity medium. The physical model was a three-dimensional periodic structure, composed of porous spheres made of sintered clay and embedded in Hostun fine sand HN38. The hydraulic parameters of both porous materials were determined by inverse analysis of independent infiltration experiments performed on sand and sintered clay. The effective parameters of the double-porosity medium were calculated from the solution of the local boundary value problem, obtained from the homogenization procedure. The cumulative infiltration curve and the global dimensions of the humidified zone obtained from the numerical solution are in good agre.
Virtual reality in managing dental pain and anxiety: a comprehensive review

Objectives This study aimed to identify, analyze, and summarize the clinical efficacy of virtual reality (VR) distraction therapy for oral treatment in different hospital settings in contrast to medical interventions that induce anxiety and pain. Furthermore, this review aimed to determine the implications for research and clinical practice of VR distraction therapy. Data This review investigated the clinical efficacy of VR in the oral treatment of procedural pain or anxiety. Quality assessment of the included studies was conducted. A narrative synthesis of the collected data was performed. Sources Literature studies from six electronic databases were searched for a comprehensive review, namely, the Cochrane Oral Health’s Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central), MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Study selection One thousand five hundred twenty-two patients aged between 0 and 60 years who used VR during dental treatment were included in this review. Among these studies, 8 and 14 studies comprised adult and pediatric patients. Conclusion Overall, the reviewed studies underscore the efficacy of VR to mitigate pain and anxiety in the context of dental treatment. VR is an innovative pain and anxiety management approach that facilitates dental treatment patients to immerse themselves in a virtual world while using distractions to reduce pain and anxiety. Clinical significance VR is an effective and novel non-pharmacological method of behavioral management that contributes to improving medication safety for dental patients. VR as a distractive approach can reduce the fear associated with medical interventions and prevent severe pain sensitivity, anxiety, and medical avoidance among adults and children.