Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding de-anchoring of inflation expectations. Evidence from Chile

Anchoring of inflation expectations is an important factor for central banks to reach an inflation target and, indeed, several scholars have studied the extent to which they are anchored in different economies. Some of them discuss the impact of structural factors, such as the adoption of inflation targeting and central bank transparency, and others if short-term economic news affect long-term inflation expectations. The present paper, on the other hand, applies Chilean survey data to investigate determinants of de-anchored expectations. Two complementary exercises are conducted with panel estimations. The first one aims at finding idiosyncratic and common shocks that may explain de-anchored expectations. It turns out that different factors explain negative and positive de-anchoring. Particularly, the central bank’s published forecasts affect the positively de-anchored ones, while expectations to the future monetary police seem to affects those below the target. The second exercise consists of four illustrative estimations, which are conditional on whether inflation expectations were anchored or not the previous period. The output gap and food prices may trigger a deanchoring and positively de-anchored expectations may be re-anchored by surprise changes in the policy rate and a negative change in the business sentiment. The results suggest that the central bank may have some effect on reducing de-anchored long-term inflation expectations, while increasing them seems to be more difficult. Hence, when evaluating policy options and communication, a higher weight should be appointed to the risk of negative de-anchoring compared to the positive one.
Preliminary palynostratigraphy of the Permiart -Lower Triassic sediments in Jameson Land and Scoresby Land, East Greenland

The presumed Carboniferous, Permian and Lower Triassic sediments of Jameson Land and Scoresby Land, have been palynologically investigated. Four main assemblages are recognised which form the basis for a coarse stratigraphy. The Lower Permian Potonieisporites assemblage occurs in all palynologically productive fine-grained sediments from the Gurreholm Dai and the Mesters Vig Formations. The lowermost part of these sediments in Skeldal may be of latest Carboniferous age. An Upper Permian Vittatina assemblage characterises the lower part of the Foldvik Creek Formation. An Upper Permian / Lower Triassic Protohaploxypinus assemblage occurs in the upper part of the Foldvik Creek Formation. The Lower Triassic Wordie Creek Formation contains a Taeniaesporites assemblage. The preliminary investigation suggests a gradual change in the palynoflora. This again points to presence of a complete or almost complete sedimentary transitional sequence from the Upper Permian to the Lower Triassic.
ESTIMATION OF WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION OF THE CROPSYST MODEL FOR RICE UNDER NITROGEN AND IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT

Simulation of yield response to water and fertilizer plays a key role in improving the efficiency of agricultural water. In this regard, the purpose of this study is the calibrating and validating of the CropSyst model to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation on the growth of rice in the crop field at the Rasht Rice Research Institute between 2014 and 2015. Three irrigation treatments (continuous, around five and eight days) were considered as the main factors and the amount of nitrogen in four levels (0, 90, 120, and 150 kg N ha-1) as a sub-factor. Based on the evaluation results it can be concluded that the CropSyst model, with the normalized root mean squared error (RMSEn) 7 and 15% with explanation factor, R2 of 0.73–0.84 for simulating the rice grain yield, and also RMSEn 9 and 10%, R2 of 0.77–0.82 for simulating the biological yield, had the appropriate accuracy of the simulations. According to RMSEn 1 and 0.8%, R2 of 0.58–0.73 for simulating the leaf area index, suggested a moderate simulation. These results showed that a reasonable estimate of the model as the efficiency of a model for the grain yield, biological yield, and LAI were 0.87, 0.98, and 0.80, respectively.
Role of garlic (Allium sativum) as feed supplements in poultry industries: An overview

Garlic (Allium sativum) is considered as wonder drug of the medicinal world due to its multifunctional beneficial aspect. Garlic constitutes at least 33 sulphur containing compounds, several enzymes, amino acids, and minerals. Over the past few years, garlic has been utilized as potential feed supplement in order to improve the growth performances and other biochemical properties of broiler chicken. The supplementation of garlic in basal diet has significantly increased the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of broilers. Previous studies have suggested the pivotal role of garlic as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in poultry industries. This review overviews the studies investigated in the recent years for improving the growth performances and other important parameters of poultry.
In Vitro Identification of Low Glycemic Index (GI) White Rice using Nutriscan GI Analyzer

The Glycemic Index (GI) of food is a measure of glucose releases rate upon consumption of a specified quantity and plays vital role in diabetes management. The GI and digestibility of rice starch depends upon its amylose and amylopectin content and structure. Looking to the availability of diverse rice landraces and genetic variability in IGKV, Raipur, an effort was made to screen the selected rice genotypes for their GI values. A simple in vitro method for predicted Glycemic Index (PGI) determination using “Nutiscan Glycemic Index Analyser” was standardized. Four white and one brown grains of rice (Oryza sativa) varieties were used to determine PGI together with influencing traits. Glycemic response of selected rice varieties varied from 55 to 68 units which categories them as low to medium GI rice type. Carbohydrate, apparent amylose content and crude fibre content varied from 83.3% to 89%, 23.7% to 25.2% and 0.39% to 2.11% respectively. The genetic determinants and allelic variations of marker RM190 for the waxy gene have also shown variations for tested rice genotypes. The allele in low pGI genotype, Chhattisgarh Madhuraj Dhan-55 (CGMD-55) is intermediate type with ~110-115 bp compare to that of 105-110 bp for Swarna and ~122-126bp for IR64. The PGI value of white grain of one of the tested rice landrace of Chhattisgarh named as CGMD-55 belonging to Gurmatiya group was lowest i.e. 55 units. The local landrace from Chhattisgarh, portrayed lower rate of starch digestibility compare to other improved popular rice varieties in consumption and help in diabetes management.
Pretrial settlement with reference-dependent preferences (Preliminary draft-Please do not cite)

We consider the pretrial settlement model of Bebchuck (1984), where trial results from information asymmetry between the parties, and assume that the plaintiff exhibits reference-dependent preferences as proposed by Kőszegi and Rabin (2007). We find that reference-dependent preferences increase the likelihood of settlement. A higher judgment award increases the likelihood of settlement for sufficiently low probability of winning the trial for the plaintiff and a high degree of loss aversion. Higher litigation costs have ambiguous effects on the likelihood of settlement. We consider several extensions: Under the British rule the likelihood of settlement is larger for a high degree of loss aversion. Reference-dependent preferences for the defendant increases the likelihood of settlement for a high probability of winning the trial for the defendant. For the incentive to gather and reveal information, reference-dependent preferences increase the incentive to gather information. The informed party has no incentive to voluntarily reveal her type.
Pathogenesis, pathology and chemotherapy of experimental Legionella pneumophila infection

Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of a severe, often fatal pneumonic illness known as Legionnaires' disease. The mechanisms by which L. pneumophila attaches to U937 (transformed human-like fibroblasts) were investigated. Experimental parameters for adherence assays were established prior to blocking studies designed to identify microbial adhesins and/or eukaryotic receptors that mediate bacterial attachment to target cells. Results from these studies indicated that a lectin-like component(s) associated with L. pneumophila may be responsible, at least in part, for microbial adherence to these eukaryotic host cells. Erythromycin is the drug of choice for the treatment of clinical legionellosis; however, difficulties with this antibiotic have been reported resulting in the need to seek alternative therapeutic regimens. In these studies, the effect of clinically relevant antibiotics that inhibited bacterial cell wall, protein and DNA synthesis of this pathogen was evaluated in vitro by growth and viability studies as well as morphologically by negative stain, scanning and thin-section electron microscopy. Of those tested, cefotaxime, an antibiotic of limited value in clinical trials, was most effective. The pathogenicity of L. pneumophila was assessed by LD$\sb{50}$ and bacterial growth estimations in the chick embryo animal system in ovo. In addition, histopathological and electron microscopic examination of the cellular and sub-cellular pathology induced in the organs of embryos previously infected with 100 times the yolk sac (YS)LD$\sb{50}$ of L. pneumophila was made as a prelude to chemotherapeutic treatment with a range of clinically putative antimicrobial agents. The promising new quinolone derivative, ciprofloxacin, was most effective in these trials. Results from these studies may be indicative of novel preventative and control measures for the therapy of human Legionnaires' disease.
The Privateness of Public Expenditure: A model and empirics for the Indian states

We study the public/private divide within the public sector by investigating the privateness of public expenditure by Indian states. To consider the role of targetable private goods in the composition of public budgets, we focus on how variation in income and in electoral competitiveness across space and time affects the price of the political support that can be generated using private or public goods. There are two main predictions: (1) the ratio of expenditure on targetable private goods publicly supplied to public goods expenditure is a decreasing function of average income; and (2) budgetary expenditure on public goods becomes more important in the budget as electoral competitiveness (and the salience of swing voters) rises. To consider these hypotheses, we construct a new measure of public spending on targetable private goods from detailed line item state budget data that became available in 1988, and a new (to India) measure of electoral competitiveness that reflects the extent to which multi-party constituencies may swing among contesting candidates. The cointegrating relation that emerges from a pooled mean group error-correction model confirms these predictions for richer states, suggesting a virtuous circle in which development and political competitiveness enlarge the role of public goods in state budgets. In lower income states, however, these effects are more muted or even reversed, consistent with a greater emphasis by governing coalitions in these states on maintaining the loyalty of core supporters. Counterfactuals illustrate the difference in the quantitative effects of growth and competitiveness on the privateness of public expenditure across higher and lower income regions. JEL Codes: H42, H72, O53, C23.
Conditioning and Anxiety Disorders 1 RUNNING HEAD: CONDITIONING AND ANXIETY DISORDERS Revisiting classical conditioning as a model for anxiety disorders: A conceptual analysis and brief review

For almost a century now, conditioning research has provided important insights in the etiology and treatment of anxiety disorders. Nevertheless, doubts were raised about whether anxiety disorders are related to conditioning. In this paper, I focus on distinguishing different claims about the relation between anxiety disorders and conditioning as well as ways of evaluating the merits of these claims. More specifically, a distinction is made between the claim that anxiety disorders are conditioning effects and the claim that anxiety disorders are due to a specific type of conditioning mechanism (i.e., the formation and activation of S-R associations, S-S associations, or propositions). Based on a brief review of the literature, I clarify which pieces of evidence are relevant for which claims and illustrate that different claims are differentially supported by the available evidence. Finally, I discuss two strategic reasons for conceptualizing anxiety disorders as conditioning effects rather than as effects of a particular conditioning mechanism.
IS SMARTPHONE ADDICTION RELATED TO LONELINESS?

This research is aimed to observe the relation of loneliness with Smartphone addiction. This research used survey methodology with quantitative approaches. The population of this research are smart phone users with sample those users in Jakarta amount of 100 respondents with age range from 16 to over 30 years old. The instrument used to measure the loneliness in this research is Russel instrument and the instrument used to measure Smartphone addiction is the instrument that modified from Zahrani’s instrument which refers to Griffiths Theory. The sample collected with accidental sampling. The result of this research shows that there is no significant relation between loneliness with Smartphone addiction, with r value about 0,175 and P>0, 05.
The Relationship Between Market Orientation and Business Performance: a Brazilian Meta-Analysis

Market orientation has emerged as a significant antecedent of performance and is presumed to contribute to long-term success. The growing number of academic studies on market orientation and the mixed findings they report complicate efforts among managers and academics to identify the antecedents and outcomes of this construct. To investigate the impact of this predictor, a national meta-analysis was conducted, aggregating a sample size of 4537, and findings suggest that the relationship between market orientation and business performance is positive and strong. The empirical evidence also shows that the relationship between market orientation and, on the other side, innovation, customer orientation and organizational learning (as endogenous variables) is positive and significant. This study shows that market orientation is a critical component of business performance and offers evidence of the effectiveness of the implementation of the marketing concept. On the basis of the findings, the author concludes with a discussion of the implication for practice and marketing academy.
Capillary Electrophoresis of Small Molecules and Ions

Capillary electrophoresis is a relatively new technique for analytical chemists. Its importance is increasing. This book offers an introduction to CE, focusing mainly on the applications of CE to small molecules, in such a way to make CE understandable and clear. The authors have developed and evaluated many CE methods over the years, and assembled huge quantities of data, which are presented in this book. The authors provide a critical interpretation of selected industrial applications of CE rather than a listing of relevant information. This book should be useful to analytical chemists with an interest in CE, at every level of professional involvement with the technique and at every level of study in the chemistry curriculum.
Digital Leaners: la competencia digital de los estudiantes universitarios

Este articulo presenta un analisis del perfil del estudiante universitario en la era digital. Una era en la que la evolucion tecnologica ha generado importantes repercusiones en todas las areas de la sociedad, y que, en concreto, en educacion superior no solo ha conllevado cambios en las instituciones educativas sino que tambien ha influido en las caracteristicas del actual estudiante. En primer lugar, se realiza una revision teorica acerca de las diferentes definiciones y caracteristicas que se les atribuye a esta generacion. Estudiantes que han nacido ya en esta era digital, y a los cuales se les asocian ciertas caracteristicas, como su marcada alfabetizacion digital, su necesidad de estar conectados permanentemente o su inmediatez. Por el contrario, se presentan tambien algunos estudios que cuestionan o matizan estas caracteristicas. Por ultimo, se aborda el tema de la competencia digital del estudiante universitario. Mas alla de la existencia de una “generacion digital”, la universidad debe desarrollar estrategias adecuadas que permitan asegurar que los estudiantes desarrollan la competencia digital durante su etapa formativa. En este apartado se realiza una aproximacion a este tema y se plantean algunas reflexiones al respecto. Abstract This article presents an analysis of university student profile in the digital age, an era in which technological change has made significant impact on all areas of society, especially in higher education. Changes have not only had an impact on educational institutions but have also influenced the characteristics of the current student. In the article, a theoretical review about the various definitions and characteristics that are attributed to this generation has been made, treating the following topics: students who have already been born in this digital age and are associated with certain characteristics such as their strong digital literacy, the need to be permanently connected or immediacy. However, there are also some studies that question or clarify these features. Finally, it addresses the issue of digital competence of university student. Beyond the existence of a "digital generation", university must develop appropriate strategies that ensure that students develop digital competence during its formative stage. This section makes an approach to this issue and raises some thoughts about it.
Evaluation of fungicides against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Incitant of collar rot of chickpea

The efficacy of fungicides (7 systemic, 4 non-systemic and 6 combo) was tested at different concentrations of 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 ppm against S. rolfsii on PDA by poisoned food technique in vitro condition and seed treatment with fungicide under pot experiment. It was concluded that systemic fungicides like, Hexaconazole 5% EC, Propiconazole 25% EC and combo products Tubaconzole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG, Captan 70% + Hexaconazole 5% WP, Propiconazole 13% + Difenoconazol and Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% showed complete inhibition of the pathogen at all the concentrations tested. Whereas, the non-systemic fungicide Mancozeb 75%WP, Thiram 75% WS and Propineb 70% WP was found inhibitive only at higher concentrations (100 ppm) against S. rolfsii under in vitro condition. Similar results was found in case of seed treatment with fungicide under pot experiment.
Ivermectin and albendazole withdrawal period in goat milk

SUMMARY Theaimthis study was to determine the excretion profile of albendazole and ivermectin residues in milk from goats submitted to antiparasitic treatment. Twenty-four Brazilianmongrel lactating and pluriparous goats, maintained extensively on native pasture were orally treatedwith albendazole or ivermectin. Milk samples were collected before and after vermifuges application, in the days 0, 2, 3 e 4 to albendazole and 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 to ivermectin. The vermifuges residues were detected by high performance liquid cromatography with ultravioletdetector. The amount of residues contained in themilk was decreasing in function of time. The mean daily rates of decrease of albendazole residues were 63.34%, 40.18 and 100.0%, from the 2ndto the 4thday, respectively; on the 3rdday after treatment, 50% of the samples showed concentrations ≥ 47.61 μg. mL–1, and on the 4thday, no sample had albendazole residue. The amount excreted of ivermectin was similar between the 3rdand 21stday when all samples presented values ≥ 51.90 μg. mL-1; on the 35th day, 50% of the samples showed values above of recommended levels, and on the 42nd day, no sample had detectable ivermectin residue. In conclusion, the milk of Brazilian mongrel goats treated orally with albendazole or ivermectin does not contain its respective residues in detectable amounts from the 4th and 42nddays, respectively, after antiparasitic treatment.
Rinkite–nacareniobsite-(Ce) solid solution series and hainite from the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex: occurrence and compositional variation

Rinkite–nacareniobsite-(Ce) and hainite from Ilímaussaq, South Greenland (Ce) are present (Petersen 2001). The complex is the type locality for the latter three minerals. Rinkite and nacareniobsite-(Ce) belong to the rinkite group of minerals together with mosandrite, whereas the other mineral pair of interest in this work, hainite and götzenite, belong to the rosenbuschite Na-bearing disilicates enriched in Ti, Nb, Zr and/ or REE (including Y) are typical minerals in agpaitic nepheline syenites both as rock forming minerals and in pegmatites. In the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, vuonnomite, lomonosovite, murmanite, hiortdahlite, rosenbuschite, epistolite, rinkite and nacareniobsiteRinkite–nacareniobsite-(Ce) solid solution series and hainite from the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex: occurrence and compositional variation*
Stakeholder Importance and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment

We investigate whether stakeholder importance perceived by the board leads to better corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and whether changes in CSR, due to exogenous shocks to stakeholder importance, affect firm value. Taking the adoption of state-level constituency statutes as a quasi-natural experiment, we find that firms increase CSR after the adoption and the effect is stronger for firms with more severe conflict of interest between shareholders and stakeholders. We also find that increased CSR performance following constituency statutes adoption leads to increases in firm performance and valuation, providing new evidence of a positive causal relation between CSR and firm performance and valuation. Overall, our paper suggests that the awareness of boards of the stakeholders’ interest is effective in governing firms to perform the proper type of CSR that satisfies both stakeholders and shareholders and reduce the conflict of interests between them.
Improving Human-Computer Interface Design through Application of Basic Research on Audiovisual Integration and Amplitude Envelope

Quality care for patients requires effective communication amongst medical teams. Increasingly, communication is required not only between team members themselves, but between members and the medical devices monitoring and managing patient well-being. Most human–computer interfaces use either auditory or visual displays, and despite significant experimentation, they still elicit well-documented concerns. Curiously, few interfaces explore the benefits of multimodal communication, despite extensive documentation of the brain’s sensitivity to multimodal signals. New approaches built on insights from basic audiovisual integration research hold the potential to improve future human–computer interfaces. In particular, recent discoveries regarding the acoustic property of amplitude envelope illustrate that it can enhance audiovisual integration while also lowering annoyance. Here, we share key insights from recent research with the potential to inform applications related to human–computer interface design. Ultimately, this could lead to a cost-effective way to improve communication in medical contexts—with signification implications for both human health and the burgeoning medical device industry.