Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CLASSIFICATION OF UAV-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRIC POINT CLOUDS OF RIVERINE SPECIES USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS: A CASE STUDY IN THE PALANCIA RIVER, SPAIN

Abstract. The management of riverine areas is fundamental due to their great environmental importance. The fast changes that occur in these areas due to river mechanics and human pressure makes it necessary to obtain data with high temporal and spatial resolution. This study proposes a workflow to map riverine species using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery. Based on RGB point clouds, our work derived simple geometric and spectral metrics to classify an area of the public hydraulic domain of the river Palancia (Spain) in five different classes: Tamarix gallica L. (French tamarisk), Pinus halepensis Miller (Aleppo pine), Arundo donax L. (giant reed), other riverine species and ground. A total of six Machine Learning (ML) methods were evaluated: Decision Trees, Extra Trees, Multilayer Perceptron, K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest and Ridge. The method chosen to carry out the classification was Random Forest, which obtained a mean score cross-validation close to 0.8. Subsequently, an object-based reclassification was done to improve this result, obtaining an overall accuracy of 83.6%, and individually a producer’s accuracy of 73.8% for giant reed, 87.7% for Aleppo pine, 82.8% for French tamarisk, 93.5% for ground and 80.1% for other riverine species. Results were promising, proving the feasibility of using this cost-effective method for periodic monitoring of riverine species. In addition, the proposed workflow is easily transferable to other tasks beyond riverine species classification (e.g., green areas detection, land cover classification) opening new opportunities in the use of UAVs equipped with consumer cameras for environmental applications.
Transformative Education in the Canadian Carceral Context

Prison education is often cited as the only redeeming experience in an otherwise cruel environment. While educational programs are found in prisons across Canada, they are often guided by philosophies of punishment, risk, and security rather than more transformative frameworks. In addition to prison staff and management who struggle to find value in education for education’s sake, the physical spaces in which learning takes place in prison also interfere with efforts at promoting agency and autonomy amongst incarcerated students. In this paper, we conceptualize the prison classroom as a performative space and demonstrate ways in which prison classrooms can become critical public spheres. We review theoretical literature on performative space, specifically in relation to prison education classrooms. We then examine the dynamics of: (1) navigating institutional policies and practices when teaching inside carceral spaces; and (2) the constraints that structure the carceral classroom. Finally, we take up the program Walls to Bridges as a case study example to demonstrate these findings and the transformative power of prison education.
Buffered Versus Non Buffered Lignocaine with Adrenaline for Pain Control in Hand Surgery: A Comparative study

Background and Objectives: Patients with hand injuries and other conditions presenting to ER or office are usually given local anaesthesia to evaluate the case or perform a certain procedure. Lignocaine in various concentrations with or without adrenaline is used. Lignocaine with adrenaline is shown to be more acidic than plain lignocaine of similar concentration causing more pain. Sodium bicarbonate has been shown to decrease the pH of lignocaine hence decrease the pain related to injection. So this study is carried out to compare buffered (sodium bicarbonate) and plain lignocaine with adrenaline for pain control and analgesia for patients undergoing hand surgery. Material and methods: Patients in the age group of 18-60 years were divided into two groupsa control group (receiving lignocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline) and a study group (receiving carbonated lignocaine with adrenaline) and were evaluated for pain at the site of injection, onset of action of the anesthetic and its duration of analgesia and anaesthesia. Results: A total of 38 patients were included, 19 in each group. There was a significant difference in the pain score at time of injection between study group and control group (median,range: 2( 1-5) and 7(49) respectively ) with p<0.001. However, there was no significant difference in terms of onset of action, duration of anaesthesia and return of pain sensation. One patient developed swelling over wrist joint who received buffered solution. Conclusion: Local anesthetics used routinely in hand department should be buffered with sodium bicarbonate to reduce pain on injection of drugs in the patients.
OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS Distribution of bacterial uropathogens and their susceptibility patterns over 12 – year ( 2001-2013 )

This article is available from: www.iajaa. org Background. The increased emergence of new resistant strains in most human pathogens has become one of the most serious global health threat. Empirical treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI’s) has become difficult in many parts of world. Therefore, local susceptibility patterns of uropathogens is of great importance to achieve cure and reduce the misuse of empirical antibiotics. This study presents the incidence of uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in West bank of Palestine .
Reduction of Acrylamide Formation In Potato Chips By Gamma Irradiation and Some Pretreatments Processing

This work aims to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation doses (0, 3, 5 and 7 kGy), soaking in citric acid (0.5 and 1%) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) (1 and 2 %) at 30 and 60 min on the formation of acrylamide in potato chips. The treated potato slices were fried at 185 ± 5oC for 6 -7 min in an electric fryer with palm oil. The untreated potato chips had higher acrylamide content than the treated potato chips. The highest level of acrylamide was found in the samples containing the highest reducing sugars; followed by those contained the moderate level of reducing sugars and the highest level of asparagine. The chemical composition of the chips was determined at zero time and after cold storage at 4 ±1oC for 30 and 60 days of potato tuber. Furthermore, changes were noted in the percentage of reducing sugars, asparagine content and acrylamide concentration after the cold storage periods. The results showed that the formation of acrylamide depend on the frying condition and chemical composition of the samples in particular on the sugar and asparagine content. Moreover, these results indicated that use of soaking in 2% calcium chloride and 1% citric acid for 60 min may reduce the formation of acrylamide. Meanwhile, irradiation dose at 5 kGy was the best dose for reducing acrylamide formation.
The Effect of Agility, Foot-Eye Coordination, and Balance on Dribbling Ability: An Ex Post Facto Research at Balai Baru Football Academy Padang

The lack of dribbling ability is the focus in this study since it becomes one of factors of the achievement at Balai Baru Football Academy (SSB Balai Baru) in Padang. This ability is influenced by several factors such as agility, foot-eye coordination and balance. This research aimed to reveal the effect of exogenous variables directly, causality, and simultaneously toward dribbling ability. This study employed quantitative research design with path analysis approach. Population of the research was 22 players or the total number of Balai Baru football academy players ranging from 9 -12 years old. The technique of sampling used was purposive sampling with the total number of sample were 19 players. The data then were obtained through the arrowhead agility test to measure agility; shoot-on-target to measure foot-eye coordination; bass test to measure balance; and the short dribbling test to measure dribbling ability. The results show that: (1) agility directly and significantly influenced toward dribbling ability; (2) foot-eye coordination directly and significantly influenced toward dribbling ability; (3) balance has direct and significant influence toward dribbling ability; (4) agility indirectly influences dribbling ability through balance; (5) foot-eye coordination indirectly influences dribbling ability through balance; (6) agility, foot-eye coordination and balance influence dribbling ability simultaneously. Based on the results, it is highly suggested to train agility, foot-eye coordination, and balance in order to improve dribbling ability of football players especially those who are in 9-12 years Old.
Comparison of clinical characteristics and inflammatory cytokines between hypoxemic and non-hypoxemic human adenovirus 55 pneumonia

Background Human adenovirus (HAdV) can cause severe community-acquired pneumonia, but there are few studies on the associated cytokine patterns. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between inflammatory cytokine and severity of adenovirus pneumonia. Methods This was a prospective observational study. We evaluated pneumonia patients admitted to the Armed Forces Capital Hospital in Korea. On admission, blood samples were acquired from patients who showed signs of pneumonia. HAdV infection was diagnosed using Real-Q RV detection Kit, and types of HAdV were confirmed by nucleotide blast analysis. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to quantify the serum levels of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, γ-interferon (IFN-γ), and IL-10]. We evaluated clinical characteristics and cytokine patterns. Results Of 74 pneumonia patients, respiratory specimens from 43 tested positive for HAdV-55, and the other 31 tested negatives. The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the HAdV group. The serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IFN-γ were all significantly higher in the HAdV group. Of the 43 HAdV pneumonia patients, 6 evidenced PaO2/FiO2 (PF) ratio <300, and 37 did not. Compared to the non-hypoxemic group, the hypoxemic group showed significantly lower lymphocyte and monocyte counts, and increased IL-6 and IFN-γ concentrations. Logistic regression analysis showed that the IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ were significantly associated with hypoxemia in the HAdV group. The IL-6, and IFN-γ levels correlated significantly with the PF ratio. Conclusions We found that the levels IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ were significantly associated with hypoxemia in patients with HAdV-55 pneumonia.
Effect of occupational stress and remote working on psychological well-being of employees: an empirical analysis during covid-19 pandemic concerning information technology industry in hyderabad

Purpose : In the aftermath of national lockdown due to Covid-19, several organizations were forced to opt remote working, which provides several challenges and opportunities to the employees and employer. The reason for carrying out this empirical study is that the subject is new, challenging, and occupational stress exists everywhere; also, inadequate research has been reported on such type of studies. This empirical study reports the results of the effect of occupational stress and remote working on employees' psychological well-being in the Information Technology industry. Methodology : The effect of seven independent occupational stress-causing factors including workload, peer, physiological factors, role ambiguity, organization climate, psychological factors and job satisfaction, and an independent factor, remote working, on the dependent factor of psychological well-being of employees in Information Technology industry was measured. The psychological well-being was measured with six subscales – environment mastery, positive growth, positive relations, self-acceptance, autonomy, and purpose of life. The independent factors were measured using a survey instrument, a structured undisguised questionnaire, whereas dependent factors were measured with a shortened version of 18-item Ryff's scale. The inferences of the outcome were made using appropriate statistical procedures. Findings : The multiple regression analysis results revealed independent factors like peer, role ambiguity, organization climate, and job satisfaction are significantly influencing the psychological well-being of the employees in the Information Technology Industry. There are minor statistically significant gender and age group differences that are affecting the psychological well-being of employees as observed. Implications : The study implies that wherever possible, the remote working options need to be worked out by the employer, in all the sectors to reduce the stress and enhance the psychological well-being of employees. Originality : Till now, no researcher has reported such type of empirical study, and the available literature is limited to occupational stress in general, without suggesting how remote working affects the psychological well-being of employees in particular.
Lymph node status after sentinel node biopsy followed by axillary lymph node dissection among breast cancer patients: a population-based study

Background: Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for breast cancer patients is performed if there are metastases in sentinel nodes (SNs). However, ALND does not seem to provide a therapeutic benefit for breast cancer patients with few involved SNs and the current literature indicates that patients with <3 positive SNs are overtreated if ALND is performed. Luminal A-like tumors are recommended chemotherapy if ≥4 lymph node metastases (LNMs) are present. The extent to which patients with luminal A-like tumors with ≥4 LNMs could be potentially undertreated with adjuvant chemotherapy if the indication for ALND is set to >2 positive SNs is unclear. Aim: To quantify the group of luminal A patients with ≥4 LNMs who risk being undertreated with adjuvant chemotherapy and to investigate if the ratio between positive SNs and the total amount of examined SNs can provide additional information of the axillary tumor burden. Material and methods: Patients in Region Västra Götaland with clinically node-negative breast cancer who had undergone sentinel node biopsy (SNB) followed by ALND were analyzed and the SNB findings were compared to the results from the ALND. The potentially undertreated luminal A group was quantified. The ratio of positive to total SNs and its ability to describe the axillary tumor burden was evaluated using Pearson’s chi-square test. Results and conclusion: 16 (17.6%) of the 91 patients with luminal A-like tumors had ≥4 LNMs and 2 of these had >2 positive SNs leaving 14 patients (15.4%) with <3 positive SNs and ≥4 LNMs. The ratio of positive SNs to the total amount of SNs examined was significant in a multivariable analysis for predicting ≥4 LNMs among luminal A-like patients (p=0.027). This was also true for all subtypes combined (p<0.001). Our results indicate that about one sixth of patients with luminal A-like tumors may be undertreated with adjuvant chemotherapy due to a falsely low axillary staging if the indication for ALND is set to >2 positive SN. The SN ratio could be effective at identifying many of these patients.
DEVELOPING A MODEL TO IMPROVE THE PREDICTION OF DAILY SOLAR RADIATION FOR THE PREDICTION OF REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

Three modification of the Hargreaves and Samani (HS) model were proposed to account for the effect of the atmospheric vapor on the prediction of the global solar radiation. The predicted values of the solar radiation using the three models and the values of the original HS model were compared to the measured solar radiation using root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute bios error (MABE), mean bios error (MBE) and the T-test in pairs. The results showed that the first model M1, and the second model M2 performed better than the original HS. The T- test results showed that there are no significant differences between the means values of the two models prediction and the mean value of the measured solar radiation. The MBE for both M1 and M2 indicates a tendency to slightly over estimate the solar values for M1, and a slight under estimation of the M2 prediction. The model M1 increased the values of the ETo predicted using the FPM than the original HS model and thus solved the problem of ETo under estimation by FPM. It is recommended to use M1 for application where over predictions is safer such as evapotranspiration prediction and use M2 where under prediction is safer such as solar radiation prediction for thermal solar application and solar collectors.
The effect of sand deposits on the growth and morphology of ammophila breviligulata

(1) The effects of sand deposition on the growth and morphology of Ammophila breviligulata were studied in the field. (2) Both belowand above-ground biomass increased as depth of sand-burial increased. On stable dunes compared with mobile ones, a greater below-ground biomass was supported by a relatively smaller above-ground biomass. (3) Leaf area was directly related to sand burial. Peak leaf area of 23.5 cm2 g-1 fresh weight occurred with 22 cm of sand burial. Plant height increased exponentially with increased sand burial and reached a maximum of 64.5 cm with 59 cm of sand. (4) The number of buds per tiller, the number of rhizomes per plant, the internode length on vertical rhizomes, and the number of horizontal rhizomes, all increased with increased sand burial. (5) The concentration of chlorophyll in leaves increased exponentially with increased burial. Maximum total chlorophyll (2-3 mg g-1 fresh weight) was found in plants buried to a depth of 23 cm. (6) Most increases in plant cover were found where sand accumulated, while most of the decreases were on stable sites. A multiple regression, in part based on sand burial, accounted for 57% of the variance associated with changes in cover.
Evaluation of Ribonuclease (RNAse) Activity in the Sera of Women with Breast Tumor.

In this study 125 patients with breast tumors (61 patients with benign breast tumors, 64 patients with malignant breast tumors) with age range between (20-75) years collected from Center of Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Azady Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk City from November 2016 to end of May 2018 and matched with 50 healthy women as control group. Serum RNAse activity and total protein (albumin, globulin) concentration were estimated in all patients (benign and malignant) and compared to control group. The present observational study has shown a significant elevation in serum RNAase activity in cases of breast carcinoma and benign breast lesions as compared to control, which can use RNAse as tumor marker for breast tumor.
Impact of Changes in Exchange Rate on Stock Market: An Empirical Evidence from Indonesia

The study examines the impact of changes in exchange rate on stock market the case of Indonesia. The quantitative approach is used to find out the connection among the two quantifiable variables fluctuations of the exchange rate and share market. The exchange rate of Indonesia is presented through the real effective rate of exchange while for share market; the time series of share market returns has been gathered. The study uses the ARDL model in order to determine whether the time series of fluctuations in the rate of exchange predict share market. The findings of the current study suggest that in the context of Indonesia, the long-term relationship between rate of exchange fluctuations and share market has been established.
Role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of bone marrow edema of the knee

Background Bone marrow edema (BME) has not been recognized as a significant pain generator or as a primary contributor to disease until recently. BME is characterized by a nonspecific pattern of ill-defined high signal intensity on short-tau inversion recovery and T2-weighted MRI and low signal intensity on T1-weighted images. Objective To assess the value of diffusion-weighted MRI in the diagnosis and evaluation of BME at the knee region. Patients and methods This study was conducted on 130 patients referred with clinical suspicion of knee edema with or without history of trauma. They were divided into group ‘A,’ with lesions less than 15 mm, and group ‘B,’ with lesions greater than 15 mm. Their ages ranged between 9 and 75 years, with a mean age of 42 years. There were 43 females and 87 males. Results Between groups A and B, we found that bone marrow lesions (BMLs) were approximately two times larger on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps than on fat-saturated (FS) proton density (PD)-weighted turbo spin echo images. The most important value of adding the ADC-derived maps in routine MRI examination of the knee is to show additional BMLs that only can be detected at the ADC maps but could not be detected at the FS PD. Approximately 27 more lesions in 27 patients and one patient with two more lesions were detected. These nonconcordant lesions accounted totally for 29 more BMLs. Conclusion MRI is the mainstay of diagnosis, staging, and management plan of knee traumatic and nontraumatic disorders. ADC maps are more sensitive than corresponding FS PD-weighted turbo spin echo images allowing for detection of significantly more and larger BMLs. In addition, they represent a valuable add-on in knee imaging protocols.
The Effect of Temporal Gap on the Combination of Auditory Information

Past research has indicated different models of combination may be activated when an individual perceives information as coming from the same source (Treisman, 1998; Ernst, 2004). Moreover, auditory perception research has indicated that a temporal window of integration exists around sounds that are separated by 160 ms or less (Yabe et al, 1998). The current experiment investigated if predictions from an independent decisions model would hold when multiple sounds were played with a gap more or less than 150 ms. We hypothesized that when the gap between cues was 150 ms, the independent decisions model prediction would differ significantly from the observed data, but that a significant difference would not be found when comparing a much larger time gap condition data against the independent decisions model prediction. 36 participants completed three blocks where they were provided with either one or two auditory cues and asked to lateralize the cues to either the left or right side. Blocks differed in terms of number of cues (one or two) and time gap between the cues in the multiple cue blocks (150 ms or 500 ms). Results indicated that the 150 ms gap and 500 ms gap condition both significantly differed from the predictions of the independent decisions model. This finding implies that multiple auditory cues will be integrated in a localization task even with a gap between the cues up to 500 ms. THE EFFECT OF TEMPORAL GAP ON THE COMBINATION OF AUDITORY INFORMATION