Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VOLATILIZAÇÃO DE AMÔNIA EM PASTAGEM ADUBADA COM FONTES NITROGENADAS

A adubacao nitrogenada e essencial para o aumento de producao de forrageiras, porem a fonte de nitrogenio (N) e fatores como o manejo podem ocasionar elevadas perdas de amonia (NH 3 ) por volatilizacao. O presente trabalho foi conduzido com objetivo de quantificar as perdas de N por volatilizacao de NH 3 em fontes nitrogenadas em pastagem. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Unidade Universitaria de Cassilândia-MS, utilizando o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos (ureia; ureia revestida com polimero; ureia com inibidor de urease; e nitrato de amonia) e cinco repeticoes. Em todos os tratamentos foi aplicada a dose equivalente a 100 kg ha -1 de N. Para a quantificacao da volatilizacao de N-NH 3 foram utilizados absorvedores de espumas, colocados a 1,0 cm da superficie do solo. As perdas de N-NH 3 por volatilizacao foram menores quando utilizou-se ureia com inibidor de urease [N-(n-butil) tiofosforico triamida] e ureia com polimero, quando comparadas ao uso da ureia convencional. A ureia com NBPT retardou o pico de volatilizacao em dois dias em relacao a ureia convencional.
The permeability of fontainebleau sandstone to gases and liquids

ABSTRACT Klinkenberg-corrected gas permeability (k∞) and liquid permeability (kl) are usually considered equal and used to describe the intrinsic permeability of reservoirs. In this study, permeabilities of 30 outcrop Fontainebleau sandstones were measured using nitrogen gas and distilled water at room temperature. As a result, k∞ was times larger than kl, presence of liquid-matrix coupling and thin water films were considered to be the primary reasons. A universal permeability model based on percolation network model was introduced and the simulated permeability was obtained to compare kl and k∞, which indicated that k∞ was more suitable for characterizing the intrinsic permeability.
Effect of preparation and storage conditions on physical and chemical properties of puree, puree juices and cloudy juices obtained from pumpkin with added Japanese quince and strawberries.

When evaluated in terms of taste, smell or active ingredients, pumpkin in itself is not very attractive as a raw material. Hence it seems recommendable to blend pumpkin with other fruits. The pumpkin chosen for the experiments was of the variety ‘Karowita’. The aim of the study was to compare the physical and chemical properties of pumpkin samples based on different storage conditions. Pumpkin puree, puree juice and cloudy juices containing Japanese quince and strawberries were evaluated for their physical and chemical properties initially and after three months storage at temperatures of 4 °C and 30 °C. Cloudy juices were prepared with pectolytic preparation. The extract dry matter in all the samples was at a similar level. Puree and puree juice had considerably higher viscosity than cloudy juices. The highest quantities of bioactive compounds were detected in slightly processed samples (puree, puree juice and cloudy juices) stored at 4 °C . Increased content of polyphenols was observed in puree and puree juice after storage. However, in the remaining samples, there was observed a decrease in the content of the compounds. A considerable decrease in carotenoids took place in samples subjected to pressing, where the amount of assayed carotenoids in puree was 5.24 mg/100 g fresh matter (FM), 4.15 mg/100 g FM in puree juice, and 0.18-0.47 mg/100 g FM in cloudy juices. The pressing also caused a significant decrease in colour parameters. Three months of storage showed markedly decreased contents of carotenoids and vitamin C.
Simulation and Experimental Research on Electrochemical Machining of Cross Groove

The cross groove and its array structure are widely used in the aviation industry and the friction surface texture. Due to its unique advantages, the electrochemical machining (ECM) has broad prospects in the processing of special-shaped holes and grooves. In this work, the planar ECM of a single cross groove was taken as the object, and a cathode with an internal waist-shaped cross groove structure was designed. Further, and a three-dimensional multi-physics field coupling model was established based on the turbulent bubble flow model by coupling the model of an electric field and fluid heat transfer. The model was used to solve and analyze the bubble rate, temperature, and current density distribution in the machining equilibrium state. Thereafter, the orthogonal experiments were carried out, and the results were obtained. From the results, it was observed the groove contour quality was good, the machining process was stable, and the applied voltage and feed speed had significantly influenced the machining accuracy. Finally, the experiment produced a cross groove with an average entrance width of 2.66 mm and a bottom width of 2.35 mm.
Quality Analysis of Antimicrobial Restriction Policy in Pediatrics

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are coordinated programs developed in recent years to promote the appropriate use of antimicrobials and reduce microbial resistance. One important action for a successful ASP is the implementation of an antimicrobial policy restriction. Objective: The study analyzed the quality of target-antimicrobial requisitions after the introduction of an antimicrobial policy restriction for children. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and three pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). An ASP was implemented in October 2016, and 14 target antimicrobials were selected to be prescribed after pre-approval by a pediatric infectious disease specialist. All requisitions were analyzed according to indication, antimicrobial type, dose, duration, and collection of cultures before administration. There were no exclusion criteria for requisition analysis. Results: Between October 2016 and December 2017, 1,173 patients were admitted to the units with 120 requisitions of target antimicrobials. Sepsis (43/120; 35.8%) was the most common indication, followed by respiratory infections (23/120; 19.2%) and infections in two or more sites (11/120; 9.2%). The most common target antimicrobials requested were meropenem (68/120; 56.7%), amphotericin B lipid formulations (12/120; 10%), teicoplanin (11/120; 9.2%), and linezolid (11/120; 9.2%). In 98 (81.7%) cases, previous cultures before antimicrobial administration were collected. An infectious agent was detected in 52 of the 98 cultures (53.1%), and Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria represented 50% and 26.9% of all positive samples, respectively. Besides, 111 (92.5%) requisitions were approved. In five refused requisitions, a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial was prescribed after further discussion; four were refused due to lack of information, and in one case, the de-escalation of the antimicrobial was possible. No mistake regarding dosage and duration was detected. Conclusions: We found a high-quality rate of target antimicrobial requisition. Antimicrobial policy restriction could contribute to improving the quality of antimicrobial prescription, even in NICUs and PICUs.
Simultaneous determination of isoniazid and pyrazinamide in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography

Purpose: To develop and validate a new high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA) in plasma. Methods: A 150 μL aliquot of plasma was mixed with 75 μL of 10 % trichloroacetic acid containing 100 mg/L of acetanilide as the internal standard (IS). After vortex mixing and centrifugation, 100 μL of the supernatant was reacted with 20 μL of 0.1 % trans-cinnamaldehyde for 10 min, and then 40 μL of 1M ammonium acetate was added. Finally, 20 μL was injected into the HPLC system. HPLC analysis was performed on reversed phase C18 column. The initial composition of the mobile phase was 4 % acetonitrile, and 96 % of 20 mM 1-hexane sulfonic acid (PH 2.7) delivered at a flow rate 1 mL/min. Results: All calibration curves were linear (r 2 > 0.997). The method was accurate, and relative error (RE) was < 4.5 % for both drugs. Intra-day and inter-day precision was good for both drugs, with the highest relative standard deviation (RSD) being 8.51 %. The lower limit of quantification was 0.60 mg/L for isoniazid and 3.00 mg/L for pyrazinamide. Conclusion: The method proposed here is precise, accurate, fast, simple and suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of INH and PZA simultaneously. Keywords: HPLC, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Plasma, Simultaneous analysis
Multi-Oxygenated Organic Compounds in Fine Particulate Matter Collected in the Western Mediterranean Area

The chemical characterization of aerosols, especially fine organic fraction, is a relevant atmospheric challenge because their composition highly depends on localization. Herein, we studied the concentration of multi-oxygenated organic compounds in the western Mediterranean area, focusing on sources and the effect of air patterns. The organic aerosol fraction ranged 3–22% of the total organic mass in particulate matter (PM)2.5. Seventy multi-oxygenated organic pollutants were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, including n-alkanones, n-alcohols, anhydrosugars, monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, and keto-derivatives. The highest concentrations were found for carboxylic acids, such as linoleic acid, tetradecanoic acid and, palmitic acid. Biomarkers for vegetation sources, such as levoglucosan and some fatty acids were detected at most locations. In addition, carboxylic acids from anthropogenic sources—mainly traffic and cooking—have been identified. The results indicate that the organic PM fraction in this region is formed mainly from biogenic pollutants, emitted directly by vegetation, and from the degradation products of anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic pollutants. Moreover, the chemical profile suggested that this area is interesting for aerosol studies because several processes such as local costal breezes, industrial emissions, and desert intrusions affect fine PM composition.
Molybdenum in glasses containing vitrified nuclear waste

Immobilisation of molybdenum in high level nuclear waste glasses melted under oxidising, neutral and reducing conditions has been studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). Molybdenum is present in all cases in the hexavalent oxidation state as the tetrahedral MoO 2- 4 molybdate species, with a Mo-Q contact distance of ∼1.77 A contrary to suggestions that melting under reducing conditions can lower the Mo oxidation state. Additional studies on the early stages of incorporation of calcined high level waste into the borosilicate base glass show that a low melting point CsLiMoO 4 phase, in which molybdenum is also present as MoO 2- 4 , is readily formed. The MoO 2- 4 groupings are not immobilised within the polymeric borosilicate network, instead they are likely to he located in extra framework cavities, together with network modifier cations. The MoO 2- 4 units are therefore readily available for incorporation into molybdate containing crystalline material, known as yellow phase, which is observed in vitrified high level waste. The glasses melted under oxidising, neutral and reducing conditions have been heat treated and the formation of powellite molybdates analogous to yellow phase was observed. Interestingly, samples prepared from glasses melted under reducing conditions showed increased powellite nucleation. STEM indicates that this may be because the powellite molybdates are nucleating on metallic silver particles which are present in the reduced melts.
Overmodulation Index Optimization Method for Torque Quality Improvement in Induction Motor Field-Weakening Control

The overmodulation canimprove the utilization of dc-link voltage in the induction motor (IM) field-weakening (FW) control, thereby extending the maximum output torque. Nevertheless, the high modulation index (MI) will cause severe torque ripple. To figure out the relation between the torque ripple and MI, the amplitude of torque ripple with different MI is calculated quantitatively. Then, a torque quality evaluation function (TQEF) is designed to evaluate the torque quality in overmodulation-FW region by considering both fundamental torque extension and torque ripple suppression. On this basis, a modulation index optimization module is proposed for the maximum TQEF value realization. The analysis shows that the studied method could achieve the optimal trade-off between the fundamental torque extension and the torque ripple suppression. The TQEF value of the studied method is higher than that of the conventional six-step voltage method and the inscribed circle voltage method, meaning that the torque quality is optimized. Finally, the effectiveness of the studied method is verified experimentally on an advanced RISC machines (ARM)-based 3.7 kW IM platform.
Impacts of Domestic Savings and Domestic Investment on Economic Growth: An Empirical Study for Pakistan

The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the dynamic impacts of domestic savings and domestic investment on economic growth of Pakistan by using annual data spanning from 1973 to 2018. After being confirmed that all the variables are stationary at first difference and have long-run cointegrating association, this study employed Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) approach to estimate long-run elasticities. The empirical findings reveal that domestic savings are negatively and domestic investment is positively associated with economic growth in Pakistan. In a nutshell, the results convey that domestic savings are dampening the economic growth figures and domestic investment is contributing to economic growth figures of Pakistan. The results of causality analyses report bidirectional causal link between domestic savings and economic growth and a unidirectional causal association between economic growth and domestic investment. Based on these empirical findings some policies are recommended to accelerate economic growth and for the long term sustainability of economic growth in Pakistan.
Insights into the Catalytic Activity of Barium Carbonate for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for the performance improvement of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. However, catalyst with high activity, easy fabrication process, and low cost is still a daunting challenge. In this work, low-cost BaCO3 nanorods have been demonstrated as efficient electrocatalysts toward the ORR in alkaline media for the first time. The activity of BaCO3 nanorods can be further enhanced by hybridizing with reduced graphene oxide (BaCO3/rGO). The mechanism of ORR on the surface of BaCO3 catalyst was investigated via in situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy (in situ EC-Raman). Our findings suggest that the barium ions on the surface of catalyst play a key role in the adsorption of oxygen molecules and the formation/decomposition of intermediates. This work provides an important insight into the catalytic activity of BaCO3 for ORR, which can serve as a guide for the design of alkali-earth metal-carbonate-based catalyst.
The Role of Anisotropic Exchange in Single Molecule Magnets: A CASSCF/NEVPT2 Study of the Fe4 SMM Building Block [Fe2(OCH3)2(dbm)4] Dimer

The rationalisation of single molecule magnets’ (SMMs) magnetic properties by quantum mechanical approaches represents a major task in the field of the Molecular Magnetism. The fundamental interpretative key of molecular magnetism is the phenomenological Spin Hamiltonian and the understanding of the role of its different terms by electronic structure calculations is expected to steer the rational design of new and more performing SMMs. This paper deals with the ab initio calculation of isotropic and anisotropic exchange contributions in the Fe(III) dimer [Fe 2 (OCH 3 ) 2 (dbm) 4 ]. This system represents the building block of one of the most studied Single Molecule Magnets ([Fe 4 RC(CH 2 O) 3 ) 2 (dpm) 6 ] where R can be an aliphatic chain or a phenyl group just to name the most common functionalization groups) and its relatively reduced size allows the use of a high computational level of theory. Calculations were performed using CASSCF and NEVPT2 approaches on the X-ray geometry as assessment of the computational protocol, which has then be used to evinced the importance of the outer coordination shell nature through organic ligand modelization. Magneto-structural correlations as function of internal degrees of freedom for isotropic and anisotropic exchange contributions are also presented, outlining, for the first time, the extremely rapidly changing nature of the anisotropic exchange coupling.
The representation of winter Northern Hemisphere atmospheric blocking in ECMWF seasonal prediction systems

The simulation and prediction of winter Northern Hemisphere atmospheric blocking in the seasonal prediction systems from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is analysed. Blocking statistics from the operational November‐initialised seasonal hindcasts are evaluated in three generations of models: System3, System4, and System5 (SEAS5). Improvements in the climatological representation of blocking are observed in the most recent model configurations, with reduced bias over North Pacific and Greenland. Minor progress is seen over the European sector, where SEAS5 still underestimates the observed blocking frequency. SEAS5 blocking interannual variability is underestimated too and is proportional to the climatological frequency, highlighting that a negative bias in the blocking frequency implies an underestimation of the interannual variance. SEAS5 predictive skill and signal‐to‐noise ratio remain low, but interesting positive results are found over Western and Central Europe. Improved forecasts with reduced ensemble spread are obtained during El Niño years, especially at low latitudes. Complementary experiments show that the statistics of blocking are improved following atmospheric and oceanic resolution increase. Conversely, they remain largely insensitive to coupled model sea‐surface temperature (SST) errors. On the other hand, the implementation of stochastic parameterisations tends to displace blocking activity equatorward. Finally, by comparing seasonal hindcasts with climate runs using the same model, we highlight that the largest contributors to the chronic underestimation of blocking are persistent errors in the atmospheric model. It is also shown that SST errors have a larger impact on blocking bias in climate runs than in seasonal runs, and that increased ocean model resolution contributes to improved blocking more effectively in climate runs. Seasonal forecasts can thus be considered a suitable test‐bed for model development targeting blocking improvement in climate models.
Experimental Study on Ethane Ignition Delay Times and Evaluation of Chemical Kinetic Models

The ignition delay times of ethane were measured using a high-pressure shock tube at different pressures (p = 1.2, 5.0, and 20.0 atm) and equivalence ratios (ϕ = 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) with different argon diluent ratios. Correlations of the measured ignition delay times were provided. The measurements were compared to calculations from several representative chemical kinetic models to evaluate their performances. Results showed that Aramco Mech 1.3 could well reproduce the measured ignition delay times over a wide range, while GRI Mech 3.0 significantly overpredicted the measurements at stoichiometric and high equivalence ratio. To find out the reasons for the differences and similarities of the mechanisms on calculating the ignition delay time of ethane, sensitivity analysis and reaction pathway analysis were conducted. It is observed that the mechanisms have similar pathway for ethane consumption, while they have significant differences for ethyl radical decomposition reactions. Results also indicated that.
Effect of precipitation inhibitors on supersaturation and solubility of furosemide

: Furosemide is a widely used diuretic drug for the treatment of edema associated with heart, liver cirrhosis, renal diseases and hypertension. It is a Class IV drug with low aqueous solubility and low permeability according to Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS). Furosemide was chosen as a model drug to examine the effect of polymeric precipitation inhibitors (PPIs) on the supersaturation and solubility. Solubility and concentration change of furosemide as a function of time at pH 1.2 and 6.8 were determined to show the effects of PPIs on furosemide solubility. The 24 h equilibrium solubility of furosemide was 0.017 ± 0.004 and 3.62 ±0.201 mg/mL at pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 buffer solutions, respectively. PPI type and concentration (0.05%, 0.25%) did not increase furosemide solubility at pH 1.2. However, both hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidoneK17 (PVPK17) at two concentrations increased furosemide solubility at pH 1.2 and 6.8. In addition, viscosity of solutions was in the range of 2.2-3.7 centipoise, and it was not influenced by PPIs concentrations. Our results showed that designing supersaturated formulations using PPIs can be useful and promising to enhance solubility of furosemide.
Empirical Path Loss Model in City-forest Environment for Mobile Communications

—The feasible choice of a propagation model for a given wireless system depends on environment type among other factors. Thus, it is a crucial decision on radio network planning. This current proposal is a new methodology applied for LTE systems that includes: to ﬁnd optimal parameters of a propagation model that minimizes Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and maximizes Grey Relation Grade and Mean Absolute Percentage Error, (GRG-MAPE) in a city-forest environment through the use of metaheuristic optimization such as Cuckoo Search (CS). The results, quantitatively analyzed by RMSE and GRG-MAPE, show a better accuracy of optimized model in comparison with the original version and even with Stanford University Interim (SUI) model.