Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for the Competitive Athlete

In late 2019, a previously unidentified novel strain of coronavirus was identified as the cause of several cases of pneumonia in Wuhan, China. “Coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19), declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), has been responsible for hundreds of thousands of cases worldwide, with sustained or widespread transmission initially occurring in China, South Korea, Iran, Italy, and Japan, then spreading to the majority of Europe and the United States. COVID-19 enters the body through the same cell receptors as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and is distantly related to Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Bats appear to be the primary source, given the similarity in RNA sequencing to 2 bat coronaviruses. Typical features of the illness include fever, fatigue, cough, and myalgias. Although athletes are younger and have fewer comorbidities than the general population, and therefore are at lower risk for severe disease or death, preventing the transmission of COVID-19 is necessary to protect those at high risk of death and to slow the pandemic so that health care systems do not exceed their capacities. Sports medicine providers involved in the care of competitive athletes should be aware of the prevention strategies for COVID-19, common symptoms for the disease, potential treatment options, and when it may be safe to return to athletic participation after infection.
Passive exposure attenuates distraction during visual search.

Distractions are ubiquitous in our sensory environments. How do we keep them from capturing attention? Existing research has focused primarily on mechanisms of strategic control or statistical learning, both of which require knowledge (explicit or implicit) of what features belong to distractors before suppression occurs. Here, we test the hypothesis that task-free exposure to stimuli is sufficient to attenuate their effect as distractors later on. In 3 experiments, subjects were exposed to either colored or achromatic circles on "circle displays" interleaved with "target search displays. " Later, new distractors were introduced into the search displays using colors from the circle displays. We consistently found that passively viewed colors produced less interference when introduced as new visual search distractors. We conclude that learning during passive exposure was due to habituation mechanisms that attenuate sensory responsivity to recurring stimuli, allowing attention to operate more efficiently to select task-relevant targets or novel stimuli. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
The AGT Haplotype of the ESR2 Gene Containing the Polymorphisms rs2077647A, rs4986938G, and rs1256049T Increases the Susceptibility of Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion in Women in the Chinese Hui Population

Background Estrogen has an important role in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). Polymorphisms of the ESR1 gene and the ESR2 gene have been identified as risk factors for URSA, but with varied associations in Chinese populations. This study aimed to compare the role of gene polymorphisms of ESR1 and ESR2 and the risk of URSA in the Chinese Hui and Chinese Han populations. Material/Methods Chinese Hui women (n=171) and Chinese Han women (n=234) with URSA were compared with healthy controls (n=417) matched by ethnicity and age. Genotyping was performed using direct sequencing and identified three polymorphisms of the ESR1 gene (rs9340799, rs2234693, and rs3798759) and three polymorphisms of the ESR2 gene (rs207764, rs4986938, and rs1256049). The association between ESR1 and ESR2 gene polymorphisms and the risk of URSA was evaluated statistically using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results No association was detected between the allelic, dominant, and recessive models of ESR1 and ESR2 gene polymorphisms and the risk of URSA in Chinese Han and Hui populations (p>0.05). The distribution of the AGT haplotype containing ESR2 gene polymorphisms rs2077647A, rs4986938G, and rs1256049T was significantly reduced in patients with URSA compared with controls in the Chinese Hui population (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.14–0.62; p=0.0009; padj=0.005). Conclusions The AGT haplotype of the ESR2 gene containing the polymorphism rs2077647A, rs4986938G, and rs1256049T (ESR2 hapAGT) was a protective factor for URSA in women in the Chinese Hui population when compared with the Chinese Han population.
Optimal Covid-19 Quarantine and Testing Policies

We study quantitatively the optimality of quarantine and testing policies; and whether they are complements or substitutes. We extend the epidemiological SEIR model incorporating an information friction. Our main finding is that testing is a cost-efficient substitute for lockdowns, rendering them almost unnecessary. By identifying carriers, testing contains the spread of the virus without reducing output. Although the implementation requires widespread massive testing. As a byproduct, we show that two distinct optimal lockdown policy types arise: suppression, intended to eliminate the virus, and mitigation, concerned about flattening the curve. The choice between them is determined by a ‘hope for the cure’ effect, arising due to either an expected vaccine or the belief that the virus can be eliminated. Conditional on the policy type, the intensity and duration of the intervention is invariant to both the tradeoff between lives and output and the aversion to GDP variations: the optimal intervention path depends mostly on the virus dynamics.
RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND THE DIFFUSION OF INFORMATION AND BEHAVIOR IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: EVIDENCE FROM RURAL CHINA

This paper investigates how social networks affect renewable energy technology adoption. We distinguish between two channels through which social networks may play a role: the diffusion of information, and the diffusion of behavior. We conduct a survey on biogas technology adoption in rural China to identify individuals’ networks. We find that both the diffusion of information and behavior drive farmers’ technology adoption. In addition, we find heterogeneous social network effects. Friends and relatives or individuals that are trusted affect adoption through the diffusion of information, while less trusted individuals such as government officials affect adoption through the diffusion of behavior.
On the Time Inconsistency of International Borrowing

This paper analyzes international borrowing and lending in an optimal growth model with adjustment costs for investment. We study the relation between optimal savings and investment, and the current account, in the transition towards the balanced growth path, and derive the implications of financial openness for both the transition path and the balanced growth path. A comparison with financial autarky reveals that, to the extent that countries start from different initial conditions, and there is pre-commitment to debt repayment, financial openness is beneficial for both “poor” and “rich” countries, as it allows them to engage in mutually beneficial inter-temporal trade. During the adjustment process, relatively “poor” countries experience higher consumption and investment compared to autarky, and thus cumulate current account deficits. There is an inter-temporal tradeoff, in that they experience lower steady state consumption, due to the need to service their accumulated foreign debt. The opposite happens in relatively “rich” countries. The inter-temporal tradeoffs implied by financial openness result in a time inconsistency problem. “Poor” countries reach a point in the adjustment process at which it is welfare improving to renege on their commitment to repay their foreign debt. In the absence of sufficient pre-commitment mechanisms, international lenders anticipate these incentives, and international borrowing and lending are driven to zero. This time inconsistency problem can thus explain both the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle and the Lucas paradox that capital does not flow from “rich” to “poor” countries. Credible sanctions in the case of default and ceilings on international borrowing are analyzed as partial solutions to the time inconsistency problem of international borrowing.
Survey Measurement Errors and the Assessment of the Relationship between Yields and Inputs for Smallholder Farmers: Evidence from Mali∗

Assessing how agricultural inputs usage relates to land productivity in smallholder farmers system is key to understanding how to improve land productivity and design sound agricultural policies. Many studies, examining the relationship between land productivity and agricultural inputs, rely on self-reported production, which has been shown to be prone to non-classical measurement errors, hence biasing the parameter estimate of the relationship. Due to survey logistics and resources constraints, few household surveys collect data of agricultural production via objective methods such as crop cut and when they do, the method is not implemented at full scale. This work considers an alternative approach to estimate the relationship between yields and agricultural inputs based on a measure of yields obtained via machine learning prediction of crop cut yields using self-reported yields as a covariate. Using data from a methodological experiment on sorghum and, a nationally representative survey conducted in Mali, our study demonstrates that it is possible to obtain a measure of sorghum yields free of non-classical measurement errors, which result in a less biased assessment of the relationship between yields and inputs. We discuss how parameter estimates of the relationship of yields with land area, but also with seeds quantity and labor, are affected by the alternative measures of yields. We also consider the implications for survey design when the machine learning approach is used. JEL Codes: C53, C83, Q12.
Water quality of a Temple pond (Khajod) of Surat District, India

Khajod temple pond is located in Khajod village of Surat District of Gujarat. Water quality parameters (temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), magnesium hardness, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chloride, phosphate, silicate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonical nitrogen) of pond for aquaculture were analyzed for a period of six months from December 2011 to May 2012. Correlation coefficients were also studied for inter-relationship. Results of study indicated that the pond could be used for fisheries and even recreation, after managing the pond for water quality.
PSYCHOACOUSTIC OPTIMIZATION OF A FEEDBACK CONTROLLER FOR ACTIVE NOISE CANCELLING HEADPHONES

In this paper different cost functions are studied for the optimization of FIR filters as minimum variance controllers in active noise cancelling headphones. The resulting controllers are implemented in a headphones prototype and their attenuation performances are measured using a dummy-head. The measurements are then compared and evaluated in terms of psychoacoustic objective metrics, in order to establish which one of the cost functions relates more closely to the human perception of noise.
CNAS: CHANNEL-LEVEL NEURAL ARCHITECTURE SEARCH

There is growing interest in automating designing good neural network architectures. The NAS methods proposed recently have significantly reduced architecture search cost by sharing parameters, but there is still a challenging problem of designing search space. We consider search space is typically defined with its shape and a set of operations and propose a channel-level architecture search (CNAS) method using only a fixed type of operation. The resulting architecture is sparse in terms of channel and has different topology at different cell. The experimental results for CIFAR-10 and ImageNet show that a fine-granular and sparse model searched by CNAS achieves very competitive performance with dense models searched by the existing methods.
The Effects of Allium sativum and Piper Nigrum on the Growth Perfomance and Packed Cell Volume of Broiler Chicks

This research was carried out to investigate the effect of Allium sativum (garlic) and Piper nigrum (black pepper) on growth performance and PCV of broiler chicks. Sixty Abor acre broiler chicks of mixed sexes at four weeks old were used in this research, they were randomly allocated to four treatments. Those in group A served as control and were given chick mash and water only, group B received 1g of garlic powder mixed in 100g of chick mash, group C also received 1g of black pepper powder mixed in 100g of chick mash while group D were fed 0.5g of garlic and 0.5g black pepper powder mixed in 100g of chick mash. The experiments lasted for eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, the result of the study revealed that birds fed with mixture of garlic (0.05g) and black pepper (0.5g) powder recorded a significant (P<0.05) mean weight 2005g, followed by those fed garlic powder with mean weight 1884g. Birds that were fed black pepper recorded mean weight 1589g while the control group produced the least mean weight of 1338g. Analysis of variance showed no statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between the Packed Cell Volume of birds fed with black pepper powder compared to those of control, garlic and mixture of garlic and black pepper group of broiler. Birds fed with black pepper powder had the highest PCV value of 40.979, followed by those fed with mixture of garlic and black pepper powder 38.593. Broilers fed with 1g of garlic powder recorded PCV level of 37.178 while control group recorded the least value of 35.692. The result of this research indicated that black pepper boosted PCV in broiler and its mixture with garlic also enhanced body weight when incorporated in the right proportion.
Oral hygiene practices among patients seen in the general outpatient clinic of a tertiary health center

Introduction: Over the years, incidence of dental diseases has significantly decreased in most developed countries because they have adopted a healthy lifestyle with established effective oral preventive health programs but in most developing countries, the reverse is the case. Materials and Methods: This was a crosssectional study conducted between February and May 2017. One hundred and ten adults seen in the General Outpatient Clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, were consecutively recruited, and a pretested questionnaire was administered by trained assistants. Results: There were 59 (53.6%) males and 51 (46.4%) females with maletofemale ratio of 1.2:1. Toothbrush with paste (46.4%) was the most common material for oral cleaning; and majority changed their toothbrush after 4–11 months. The frequency of oral cleaning was mostly twice per day (43.6%), and the duration was from 2 to 20 min with mean of 5.6 ± 3.4 min. Only 13.1% use dental floss, and 35 (31.8%) of the respondents use mouthwash. Majority of the respondents across the educational qualification subgroups spent 4 min or more in oral cleaning; however, this observation was not statistically significant (Chisquare [χ2] = 4.773, df = 3, P = 0.202); similarly tooth picking for food debris was common among all the subgroups though this was not statistically significant (Fisher's exact test = 5.844, P = 0.089). Wooden toothpick was commonly used across all educational subgroups; whereas use of dental filaments were observed among those with tertiary qualification (χ2 = 27.215, df = 7, P = 0.000). Conclusion: Oral hygiene practices poor in our patients, the use of dental filaments for teeth picking was unacceptably low.
Effects of Long-Term High-Fat Diet and Its Reversal on Lipids and Lipoproteins Composition in Thoracic Duct Lymph in Pigs

Background This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of a long-term high-fat diet on lipids and lipoproteins composition in thoracic duct lymph in pigs. Material/Methods We examined lymph taken from the thoracic duct from 24 female white sharp-ear pigs, divided into 3 experimental groups fed different diets for 12 months: (a) the control group, fed the standard balanced diet; (b) the HFD group, fed an unbalanced, high-fat diet, and (c) the reversal diet group (RD), fed an unbalanced, high-fat diet for 9 months and then a standard balanced diet for 3 months. Results Lymph analysis after 12 months of fixed diets revealed significantly higher concentration of proteins in the HFD group in comparison to the control and RD groups. Examination of lymph lipoproteins fractions showed that the high-fat diet in the HFD group in comparison to control group caused an increase in cholesterol, phospholipids, and proteins content within HDL and chylomicrons. There were also more proteins within HDL in the HFD group in comparison to the RD group and more triglycerides within chylomicrons in the HFD group in comparison to the control group. Conclusion A long-term high-fat diet resulted in changed structure of HDL and chylomicrons in the thoracic duct lymph. Alterations in HDL composition suggest that a high-fat diet enhances reverses cholesterol transport. Changes in chylomicrons structure show the adaptation to more intense transport of dietary fat from the intestine to the liver under the influence of a high-fat diet. Reversal to a standard balanced diet had the opposite effects.
PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING, ANTICANCER AND APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY OF GRAVIOLA (ANNONA MURICATA) FRUIT EXTRACT AGAINST HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HepG-2) CELLS

To examine the phyto-constituents present in A. muricata fruit pulp, and to assess the anticancer potential followed by apoptotic studies on HepG-2 cell line. Aqueous, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Hexane and Methanol extracts of dragon fruit pulp were analysed by qualitative phytochemical profiling and anti-proliferation activity. Further, the apoptotic study of methanol extract treated HepG-2 cells by nuclear staining using AO, DNA fragmentation, ATR and GC-MS spectral analysis for methanol extract was carried out. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of acids, alkaloids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, phenols, protein, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenoids in aqueous extract. Likewise, acids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, steroids and tannins were present in chloroform extract. On the other hand acids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, phenols, protein and tannins were present in ethyl acetate extract. Similarly, acids, alkaloids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, protein, saponins and tannins were present in hexane extract, and acids, alkaloids, carbohydrate, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, protein, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenoids were present in methanol extract. Dose dependant anti-proliferative assay revealed that, The IC 50 value was 62.699 µǥ/ml in aqueous extract, 63.710 µǥ/ml in chloroform extract, 20.617 µǥ/ml in ethyl acetate extract, 44.553 µǥ/ml in hexane extract and 13.104 µǥ/ml in methanol extract at 24 h incubation. Methanol fruit extract of A. muricata showed intense fragments of nucleus as signs of apoptosis by AO staining. Apoptosis can be visualized as a ladder pattern of 100-200 bp due to DNA cleavage by the activation of a nuclear endonuclease by standard agarose gel electrophoresis. The results of ATR revealed the presence of alkyl halides, amines, carboxylic acids, phenols and alcohols. GC-MS results revealed 11 volatile compounds present in methanol extract. Methanol extracts of A. muricata has confirmed hopeful anticancer activity against human liver cancer (HepG-2) cells by in vitro method.
Expression and Function of Toll-Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, and Glioma

Background Toll-like receptor (TLR) family members are part of the major pathogen-recognition system for innate immunity. TLR10, the only remaining orphan receptor with an unknown ligand, has been poorly studied in tumors, and its functional and clinical relevance are unclear. Material/Methods We analyzed TLR10 expression data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) by established computational approaches (UALCAN, GEPIA, CGGA, and TIMER) and confirmed them by immunohistochemistry analysis. Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that TLR10 was most highly expressed in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBC), acute myeloid leukemia (LAML), and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. A data-mining study also revealed that TLR10 levels were positively correlated with WHO grade in glioma, and patients with high TLR10 levels showed shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) times than patients with low TLR10 levels. TISIDB and TIMER data showed that TLR10 expression was significantly positively correlated with immune infiltrates, especially infiltrating levels of B cells. Importantly, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that TLR10 expression was a potential biomarker for distinguishing CNS-DLBC (also known as primary central nervous system lymphoma, PCNSL) from GBM. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that TLR10 could serve as a promising theranostic target for patients with glioma and is a potential biomarker for distinguishing PCNSL from GBM.
Lactation and mothers post-partum weight change. An analysis of maternal depletion in Bangladesh.

The effects of lactation and reproductive patterns (parity and duration since last birth) on maternal postpartum weight change were investigated using data from the Determinants of Natural Fertility Survey which took place in the Matlab Thana study area in rural Bangladesh. A moderately malnourished population of women were followed monthly from October 1975 through January 1980 to collect data on weight breast feeding and pregnancy status. Information on mothers weight change was available for 905 postpartum segments (contributed by 829 different women). Women were included until they conceived again (N = 88) were last weighed (N = 611) or until they reached 18 months postpartum (N = 206). 6741 weight change observations were made. The median duration of breast feeding was 32.1 months. Duration postpartum mothers lagged weight and seasonality were each modeled. The women began a pregnancy-lactation segment at an average weight of 41.3 kg. Weight gain during pregnancy averaged only 4.3 kg. Over 4 kg were typically lost in the month following delivery; there was no change in the 2nd month; and the average weight loss amounted to roughly 250 gm 6 months after delivery. Weight loss in months 7-12 averaged 206 and 181 gm.month among women who were fully and partially lactating respectively. Mean weight gain among those who were not breast feeding averaged 169 495 and 140 gm in months 2-6 7-12 and 13-18 respectively. Both full and partial breast feeding were associated with a weight loss of approximately 235 gm/month more compared with women who were not breast feeding. Weight gains occurred in December through June followed by losses in July through November. Women for whom a valid weight at conception (N = 673) was available were on average 500 gm heavier at the time of delivery than those for whom weight at conception was missing. The womans prior reproductive patterns determined her weight at delivery and women with high parity and short preceding interpregnancy intervals enjoyed significant advantages.
Do genes matter in sleep?-A comprehensive update

Abbreviations: EEG: Electroencephalogram; PSG: Polysomnogram; REM: Rapid Eye Movement; NREM: Non Rapid Eye Movement; AD: Autosomal Dominant; AR: Autosomal Recessive; RLS: Restless Leg Syndrome; SNP: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms; VNTR: Variable Number Tandem Repeat; MAO: Monoamine Oxidases; COMT: Catechol-O-Methyltransferase; TNF: Tumor Necrosis Factor; BDNF: Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; SLC: Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 3; ADA: Adenosine deaminase; PRNP: Prion Protein Gene; GNAZ: Guanine Nucleotidebinding protein G(z) subunit alpha