Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological State and Low Immunity during Corona Season in KSA

Background: In March 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 as pandemic with very high incidence of case-fatality, after that COVID-19 Pandemic was found in China, Europe and USA where these regions were the most affected areas. The new virus attack patients with low-immunity than healthier population causing many psychological conditions. In this study, we aimed to assess prevalence of patient have low immunity symptoms, determine general psychological state in corona season, and demographic factors affecting both variable. Methodology: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in kingdom of Saudi Arabia (General population) from 19/7/2020 till 25/10/2020. The study depended on online self-report questionnaire which assessing demographic factors including age and nationality besides disease-related information. Results: We had received 228 responses to our questionnaire where three quarter of them were female (75.9%). 21.1% of the participants were between 19-25 years old while 19.7% were between 36-40 while most of the sample had bachelor (73.7%). It was found that the most common symptoms were having trouble sleeping, low energy, felling tired, having to change the diet and having asthma where 8.8% had at least one symptom, 8.3% had two symptoms and 14.2% had 3 or more symptoms. Considering psychological status, we had found that the most common symptoms reported by participants were concerning about future, the always need for naps and caffeine, afraid of getting sick, afraid of worsen health, and extreme mood change. It was found that gender had a significant effect on developing both low immunity and poor psychological status (P=0.029, 0.02) where female seems to have more low immunity and poorer psychological status than male. Age is another significant factor in determining low immunity and poor psychological status (P=0.026, 0.001) where younger participants reported more symptoms of low immunity and poor psychological than older participants where the most affected age interval was 19-25 years old. Conclusion: we had found high prevalence of low immune status and poor psychological status which were more associated with females and younger populations. Moreover, there is a significant correlation between poor psychological status and low immune status.
Teachers' perspectives on factors of female students' outperformance and male students' underperformance in higher education

PurposeThis paper attempts to explore possible contributing factors of females' outperformance and males' underperformance in the higher education in Pakistan from teachers' perspective. The central question of the study is what are the key factors that affect female and male students' educational performance at the university level? Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as a framework, we attempted to predict differentials of the perceived “female outperformance” and “male underperformance” in higher education. We carried out the study by employing quantitative research methods.Design/methodology/approachThe data for the study come from 253 teachers from University of the Punjab-largest and oldest University in Pakistan. We used a structured questionnaire for data collection. The analysis was carried out with the help of ANN model. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data.FindingsThe testing results of ANN indicated 85.3% of teachers' perception was correctly predicted on various dimensions of performance differentials across female and male students in higher education.Research limitations/implicationsThe study banks on primary data collected from teachers of the University of University of the Punjab, Pakistan. Thus, the study's universe was limited to one university – University of Punjab. It is purely based on a quantitative approach employing ANN.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study have several significant implications, i.e. it makes a significant contribution to the existing body of scholarly texts on the issue of gender reverse change in academic performance in higher education.Originality/valueThe findings of this research, derived from primary data in Pakistan context, qualify this research as an original one. We also claim that this study is one of the first studies on gender reverse change in academic performance among graduate students in a public sector university of Pakistan employing ANN.
Interactions of clomazone plus pendimethalin mixed with propanil in rice

Abstract A study was conducted at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center's H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the interaction between a prepackage mixture of clomazone plus pendimethalin applied at 0, 760, 1,145, or 1,540 g ai ha–1 mixed with propanil at 0, 1,120, 2,240, or 4,485 g ai ha–1. A synergistic response occurred when barnyardgrass was treated with all rates of clomazone plus pendimethalin mixed with either rate of propanil evaluated at 56 d after treatment (DAT). Unlike barnyardgrass, an antagonistic response occurred in yellow nutsedge used as a control when treated with 760 and 1,540 g ha–1 of clomazone plus pendimethalin mixed with 1,120 or 22,40 g ha–1 of propanil at 28 DAT; however, 1,145 g ha–1 of clomazone plus pendimethalin mixed with 4,485 g ha–1 of propanil resulted in a neutral interaction. At 28 DAT, rice flatsedge treated with all herbicide mixtures resulted in neutral interactions. The synergism of clomazone plus pendimethalin applied at 1,540 g ha–1 mixed with propanil applied at 2,240 or 4,485 g ha–1 to control barnyardgrass resulted in an increased rough rice yield compared with 760 or 1,145 g ha–1 of clomazone plus pendimethalin mixed with propanil applied at 1,120 or 2,240 g ha–1. These results indicate that if barnyardgrass and rice flatsedge are present in a rice field the prepackage mixture of clomazone plus pendimethalin mixed with propanil can be an option for growers. However, if yellow nutsedge infest the area other herbicides may be needed. Nomenclature: clomazone; pendimethalin; propanil; barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ; rice flatsedge, Cyperus iria (L.); yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus (L.); rice, Oryza sativa (L.)
The roles of consumer entitlement, persuasion knowledge, and perceived product knowledge on perceptions of sales pressure

ABSTRACT Consumer perceptions of sales pressure (POSP) often lead to negative outcomes for salespeople and the firm. The Information Age has provided unprecedented resources for consumers in their quest for knowledge and consumers have become increasingly entitled. This research uses a consumer sample to test a model of antecedents to POSP. The results indicate that consumer entitlement is positively related, while persuasion knowledge is negatively related, to POSP. Further, perceived product knowledge moderates the relationship between persuasion knowledge and POSP. These findings improve our understanding of the understudied construct of POSP, and have implications for the sales interaction.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED USING CITRUS SINENSIS PEEL EXTRACT AGAINST PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM DISEASED TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.)

Among all the noble nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles have gained boundless interests because of their unique properties such as chemical stability, catalytic and most important antimicrobial activities. This study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity of phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles against bacteria pathogens isolated from diseased tomato plant leaves. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Citrus peel extract and the formation of nanoparticles was monitored using spectrophotometer. Diseased tomato plant leaves were obtained from a farm located at Ovia North-East Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria for the isolation of bacteria pathogens. The isolated bacteria include Pseudomonas sp. and Enterobacter sp. Antibacterial testing using the phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles was carried out via the agar well diffusion method on the test isolates. Zones of inhibition of 10 and 8 mm were obtained for Enterobacter and Pseudomonas species respectively by 100 µl nanoparticles treatment after 24 hours of incubation. This indicated that the phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles have antibacterial activity against the bacterial pathogens. Further studies should be carried out to determine the mode of action of silver nanoparticles and the potential of the test nanoparticles in plant disease management. The potential of members of the genus, Enterobacter as causative agents of plant diseases should be further investigated.
Analysis of Strain Partitioning in Intercritically Deformed Microstructures via Interrupted Tensile Tests

Intercritically deformed steels present combinations of different types of ferrite, such as deformed ferrite (DF) and non-deformed ferrite (NDF) grains, which are transformed during the final deformation passes and final cooling step. Recently, a grain identification and correlation technique based on EBSD has been employed together with a discretization methodology, enabling a distinction to be drawn between different ferrite populations (NDF and DF grains). This paper presents a combination of interrupted tensile tests with crystallographic characterization performed by means of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), by analyzing the evolution of an intercritically deformed micro-alloyed steel. In addition to this, and using the nanoindentation technique, both ferrite families were characterized micromechanically and the nanohardness was quantified for each population. NDF grains are softer than DF ones, which is related to the presence of a lower fraction of low-angle grain boundaries. The interrupted tensile tests show the different behavior of low- and high-angle grain boundary evolution as well as the strain partitioning in each ferrite family. NDF population accommodates most of the deformation at initial strain intervals, since strain reaches 10%. For higher strains, NDF and DF grains behave similarly to the strain applied.
Evaluation Follicular Fluid Cytokines in Patients with Risk Factor for Development of Ovarian Hyper Stimulation Syndrome

Aim of Study: Study the level of IL17 and IL23 in the follicular fluid and their relation with hyper stimulationsyndrome.Materials/Method: Eighty five who include (85 subject divided into 2 groups, control group whom includedinfertile female with male factor infertility (55) and case group whom infertility due to poly cystic ovariansyndrome (30) attended IVF centre.Samples collected were follicular fluid, the follicular fluid has been collected in Eppendorf tube then storedat -20c to be used for ELISA test to determine concentration of IL 23 and IL 17 in follicular fluid. The resultswere analyzed using the IBM SPSS analytic software.Results: the mean of interleukin (IL17) 96.11, Standard deviation 78.46 in the patients group. While themean of interleukin (IL 17) for control 6.15, Standard deviation 14.33. There was a significant differencebetween polycystic and male factor infertility. P value < 0.005 both of them groups Poly cystic and malefactor.Conclusions: High concentration of follicular fluid IL -17 is positively associated with e disease of polycystic ovary (POCS).
Protective Effect of Chemically Characterized Polyphenol-Rich Fraction from Apteranthes europaea (Guss.) Murb. subsp. maroccana (Hook.f.) Plowes on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

Apteranthes europaea (Guss.) Murb. subsp. maroccana (Hook.f.) Plowes (A. europaea) is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicines to treat various diseases including hepatic pathogenesis. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of chemically characterized polyphenol-rich fraction from A. europaea on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. The chemical characterization of A. europaea polyphenol-rich fraction was carried out using HPLC-DAD (high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode-array detector (DAD)). Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce liver injuries in mice as described in previous works. A polyphenol-rich fraction from A. europaea was used at a dose of 50 mg/Kg to study its hepatoprotective effect. Next, histopathological and biochemical alterations were investigated. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of several phenolic compounds: gallic acid, methyl gallate, rutin, ferulic acid, and resorcinol. Regarding the mice treated with a polyphenol-rich fraction from A. europaea up to 50 mg/Kg and carbon tetrachloride, no significant biochemical nor histological alterations occurred in their liver; meanwhile, serious biochemical and histopathological changes were noted for liver recovered from the mice treated with carbon tetrachloride only. In conclusion, A. europaea extract is a promising source of hepatoprotective agents against toxic liver injury.
Surgical and Oncological Outcomes of Robotic Resection for Sigmoid and Rectal Cancer: Analysis of 109 Patients from A Single Center in China

Background: Robotic colorectal surgery has been increasingly performed in recent years. The safety and feasibility of its application has also been demonstrated worldwide. However, limited studies have presented clinical data for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) receiving robotic surgery in China. The aim of this study is to present short-term clinical outcomes of robotic surgery and further confirm its safety and feasibility in Chinese CRC patients.Methods: The clinical data of 109 consecutive CRC patients whoreceived robotic surgery at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between June 2016 and May 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics,tumor traits, treatment details, complications, pathological details, and survival status were evaluated.Results: Among the 109 patients, 35 (32.1%) had sigmoid cancer, and 74 (67.9%) had rectal cancer. Thirty-seven (33.9%) patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Ten (9.2%) patients underwent sigmoidectomy, 38 (34.9%) underwent high anterior resection (HAR), 45 (41.3%) underwent low anterior resection (LAR), and 16 (14.7%) underwent abdominoperineal resection (APR). The median surgical procedure time was 270 min (range 120 - 465 min). Pathologically complete resection was achieved in all patients. There was no postoperative mortality. Complications occurred in 11 (10.1%) patients, including 3 (2.8%) anastomotic leakage, 1 (0.9%) anastomotic bleeding, 1 (0.9%) pelvic hemorrhage, 4 (3.7%) intestinal obstruction, 2 (1.8%) chylous leakage, and 1 (0.9%) delayed wound union. At a median follow-up of 17 months (range 1–37 months), 1 (0.9%) patient developed local recurrence and 5 (4.6%) developed distant metastasis, with one death due to disease progression.Conclusions: Our results suggest that robotic surgery is technically feasible and safe for Chinese CRC patients, especially for rectal cancer patients who received neoadjuvant treatment. A robotic laparoscope with large magnification showed a clear surgical space for pelvic autonomic nerve preservation in cases of mesorectal edema.
Structural studies of zirconia and yttria doped zirconia for analysing it phase stabilization criteria

In this work, the target of zirconia with 2-inch diameter is prepared from the powder form having a particle size 5 µm by giving 4 tonnes of pressure in the hydraulic press. The prepared target is sintered at 1000-degree Celsius for 10 hrs. Yttria-stabilized zirconia target is also obtained in a similar process. The structural properties of both targets are investigated using Ɵ-2Ɵ geometry of X-ray diffractometer system. The changes in structure are studied in doped and undoped zirconia. The structural findings are showing the transformation of phase with doping. These studies help to understand the structural properties of zirconia with and without doping for technological application.
Medication adherence early after stroke: using the Perceptions and Practicalities Framework to explore stroke survivors’, informal carers’ and nurses’ experiences of barriers and solutions

Background Secondary prevention medication after stroke reduces risk of recurrence, but adherence is often poor. Stroke survivors’, carers’ and nurses’ perspectives of early post-stroke medication adherence are unexplored. Aim The aim of this study was to explore stroke survivors’, carers’ and nurses’ views and experiences about adhering to medication early after post-stroke hospital discharge. Methods Qualitative individual and group interviews, utilising the Perceptions and Practicalities Framework, were employed. Nine people <2 months post-stroke, three carers and 15 nurses from one UK stroke unit participated. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. Results There were four main themes with two sub-themes. (1) Perceptions of medication taking after stroke. Factors affecting adherence included depression, imperceptible benefits and concerns about adverse effects. (2) Perceptions about those at higher risk of poor medication adherence. Nurses suggested that poor adherence might be more likely in those living alone or with previous non-adherence. (3) Practicalities of taking medication early after stroke; these included post-stroke disabilities, cognition, polypharmacy and lack of information. (4a) Practicalities of addressing poor medication adherence during the hospital stay. Solutions included multidisciplinary co-ordination, but nurses and stroke survivors described suboptimal use of opportunities to promote adherence. (4b) Practicalities of addressing poor medication adherence post-discharge. Solutions included modifications and support from carers, but stroke survivors reported difficulties in evolving systems for taking medications. Conclusions Stroke survivors and informal carers lack knowledge and support needed to manage medication early after discharge. Nurses’ opportunities to promote medication adherence are under-exploited. Medication adherence strategies to support stroke survivors early after discharge are needed.
C-Reactive Protein As a Triage Test in Guiding Who Should Get a Confirmatory Test For Pulmonary Tuberculosis Diagnosis Among Adults: A Case-Control Proof-of-Concept Study From Urban Tanzania

Background: The current screening tools for tuberculosis (TB) are inadequate resulting in insufficient TB case detection and continued community transmission of TB.As the world in geared into finding missing TB cases, new strategies are called for to aid in rapid identification of TB cases. This study aimed to evaluate the role C-reactive protein (CRP)in triaging for who to get a definitive test for active pulmonary TB diagnosis in urban Tanzania.Methods: A case–control study was conducted among pulmonary TB (PTB) patients and contacts without active PTB. The diagnosis of PTB was performed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and culture. Blood was collected from cases and controls for measuring CRP levels during recruitment. We compared socio-demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory parameters obtained during recruitment and performed diagnostic accuracy analyses for CRP. Results: Out of all 193 study participants who were involved in final analysis, 147 (76.2%) were males. Pulmonary TB cases had significantly lower median BMI than controls (median 17.4 kg/m2 [IQR: 15.8–19.2 kg/m2] vs., 24.9 kg/m2 [IQR: 22.1–28.5 kg/m2), p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in prevalence of HIV between PTB cases and controls i.e., 13.33% vs., 11.7%, p = 0.48. CRP was significantly higher in PTB cases vs., controls (median 67.8 mg/L, [IQR: 36.5– 116.9 mg/L] vs., 1.55 mg/L, [IQR: 0.59–6.0mg/L], p = 0.003). Furthermore, CRP at cut-off ≥ 10mg/L were associated with best combination of sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of 89.9%, 95% CI: 82.2-95.0, 80.9%, CI: 71.4-88.2 and 0.85, 95%CI: 0.80-0.90 respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for fever, night sweats and body mass index showed that CRP above 10mg/L was significantly associated with PTB, aOR 5.2, 95% CI 1.2-22.8. Conclusions: CRP at cut-off ≥ 10mg/L can be used to screen pulmonary TB. These findings can be used to improve TB screening algorithm by incorporating CRP in combination with TB symptoms to identify patients who need further confirmatory TB tests. However, additional prospective studies are required to support our findings and contribute into policy recommendations on use of CRP in a screening algorithm for pulmonary TB.
BUCCAL FILM: A NOVEL APPROACH FOR ORAL MUCOSAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Buccal drug delivery especially refers to the delivery of drugs through the buccal mucosal membrane lining of the oral cavity. For geriatric and pediatric patients who undergo difficulties in swallowing conventional oral solid dosage forms, the buccal film is a better alternative. The buccal film is appropriate for the drugs which experience high first-pass metabolism and is used for enhancing bioavailability with reducing dosing frequency to mouth plasma peak levels, which thus limit side-effects and make it cost-effective. It enhances the efficacy of API in the oral cavity after the contact with less saliva as contrasted to tablets, without chewing and no need for water for administration. This review briefly describes the advantages and limitations of buccal film, an anatomical structure of oral mucosa, highlighting the mechanisms of drug permeation, formulation technologies, methodology in evaluating buccal film, and recent advances of the buccal film as a tool for drug delivery for various treatments.
Beyond halo mass: quenching galaxy mass assembly at the edge of filaments

We examine how the mass assembly of central galaxies depends on their location in the cosmic web. The Horizon-AGN simulation is analysed at z ∼ 2 using the DisPerSE code to extract multi-scale cosmic filaments. We find that the dependency of galaxy properties on large-scale environment is mostly inherited from the (large-scale) environmental dependency of their host halo mass. When adopting a residual analysis that removes the host halo mass effect, we detect a direct and non-negligible influence of cosmic filaments. Proximity to filaments enhances the build-up of stellar mass, a result in agreement with previous studies. However, our multi-scale analysis also reveals that, at the edge of filaments, star formation is suppressed. In addition, we find clues for compaction of the stellar distribution at close proximity to filaments. We suggest that gas transfer from the outside to the inside of the haloes (where galaxies reside) becomes less efficient closer to filaments, due to high angular momentum supply at the vorticity-rich edge of filaments. This quenching mechanism may partly explain the larger fraction of passive galaxies in filaments, as inferred from observations at lower redshifts.