Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Surface Soil Moisture Estimates in Humid Regions by an Enhanced Remote Sensing Technique

Using optical remote sensing data to downscale microwave soil moisture is currently a crucial technique for producing fine‐resolution soil moisture data set at large scales. Conventional soil moisture downscaling models are mainly developed and evaluated in arid or semi‐arid regions, but have serious limitation in humid regions. To improve soil moisture estimates under a wide range of climate regimes, this study developed a nonlinear enhanced soil moisture downscaling model and evaluated it at a typical microwave resolution over the contiguous China. The enhanced model clearly outperforms the conventional approach in estimating surface soil moisture by reducing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) from 0.175 vol/vol to 0.075 vol/vol under wet climate. Finally, soil moisture downscaling is conducted by applying such models (built at the 25‐km scale) at a finer (1‐km) resolution. Validation result of downscaled soil moisture against in situ data set demonstrates the advantage of the enhanced model.
Reference evapotranspiration estimation with k-Nearest Neighbour and Artificial neural network models using different climate input variables in the semi-arid environment

Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET o ) is an important issue for agricultural water management and irrigation planning. This study investigated the performance of k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models to estimate daily ET o using four combinations of climatic data. Four input combinations of daily meteorological data during 1996-2015 in the Middle Anatolia region were applied for model training and testing. The results of ET o estimation with kNN and ANN models were compared with the FAO Penman Monteith equation. The results of ET o values demonstrated that the kNN model had better performances than the ANN model in all combinations. The statistical indicators of the kNN model showed ET o values with MSE, RMSE, MAE and R 2 ranging from 0.541-0.031 mm day -1 , 0.735-0.175 mm day -1 , 0.547-0.124 mm day -1 , 0.900-0.994 in the testing subset. Therefore, the kNN model can be recommended for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration with full and limited climatic data.
Copper Removal by Enterobacter cloacae strain IrSuk1, Enterobacter cloacae strain IrSuk4a, and Serratia nematodiphila strain IrSuk13 Isolated from Sukolilo River-Indonesia

Copper is one of the pollutants found in Sukolilo river due to industrial activities surrounding this area. The concentration of copper in this river has exceeded the threshold causing the death of organisms in the sea and various diseases. The presence of copper in the environment continually causes bacteria to develop copper removal mechanism by accumulation and biosorption so that copper removal occurs. Waste treatment by using indigenous bacteria is an effective and economical way to remove copper from the environment. This study aims to isolate and characterize bacteria from the Sukolilo River. Selected bacterial isolates were tested for copper accumulation and biosorption potential. The growth medium used was Luria Bertani with the addition of CuSO4. Bacterial identification was carried out based on the 16S rDNA gene. Bacterial resistance was tested by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value. The ability of copper accumulation and biosorption is measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of bacterial isolation from Sukolilo River have obtained three bacterial isolates with the MIC values of 9 mM CuSO4 and coded by strains IrSuk1, IrSuk4a, and IrSuk13. Each bacterial strain has high similarities with Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter cloacae strain subsp. dissolvens, and Serratia nematodiphila strain LMG 2683 respectively with a value of 96.68%, 98.31%, and 99.03%. Copper quantities accumulated by that three bacterial strain are of 0.96 mg, 0.85 mg,1.89 mg per gram dry weight of cells, respectively. The efficiency of copper biosorption by strains IrSuk1, IrSuk4a, and IrSuk13 was 68.78%, 68.34%, and 68.47%, respectively.
Microbial and oxidation characteristics of refrigerated chicken patty incorporated with moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MLP) on physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of chicken patties during cold storage. For MLP extracts, methanolic extract exhibited flavonoid and total phenolic contents of 48.0 and 2010.3 mg/kg, respectively. The aqueous extract of MLP showed high (16.7 mm) and mild (8.7 mm) antimicrobial activity (inhibition zones) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. In chicken patties, the pH, peroxide value (PV), sensory properties, and microbiological characteristics were all affected (P ≤ 0.05) by the incorporation of MLP into the patty formula. The PV and bacterial counts were decreased (P ≤ 0.05) with the increase in MLP concentration; however, their values were increased (P ≤ 0.05) with the progress of storage period. Moderate level (50 g/kg) of MLP was good (P ≤ 0.05) in retarding lipid peroxidation and inhibiting microbial growth without affecting the sensory quality of stored chicken patties.
The magnitude of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- producing Enterobacteriaceae from clinical samples in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background The rapid spread of resistance among extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is a serious problem around the world. It results in serious clinical complications in humans and has become a global threat. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in different clinical samples in Ethiopia. Methods A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library. All identified observational studies reporting the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae from clinical samples in Ethiopia were included. Four authors independently extracted data and analysed using R software version 3.6. 1 and STATA statistical software version 13. A random-effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Ethiopia. Results Of 142 articles reviewed, 14 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the different clinical specimens in Ethiopia was 49 % (95 % CI: 39, 60). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the leading ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae followed by Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii with a prevalence of 74, 67 and 60 %, respectively. ESBL-producing isolates showed a high rate of resistance to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, Amoxicillin clavulanic acid (AMC), ampicillin and aztreonam. The better options for the treatment of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are amikacin and Imipenem. Conclusion The magnitude of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in different clinical samples in Ethiopia is alarmingly high and represents a threat to human health. Hence, a coordinated effort needs to be implemented for the prevention and control of these Enterobacteriaceae .
Mobility improvement of 4H-SiC (0001) MOSFETs by a three-step process of H2 etching, SiO2 deposition, and interface nitridation

4H-SiC(0001) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and MOS capacitors were fabricated by the following procedures: H2 etching, SiO2 deposition, and nitridation, and their electrical characteristics were evaluated. Substantially low interface state densities (4–6 × 1010 cm−2 eV−1) and high channel mobilities (80–85 cm2 V−1 s−1) were achieved by N2 annealing or NO annealing after H2 etching and SiO2 deposition. The threshold voltage of the MOSFETs fabricated with N2 annealing was shifted negatively when the oxide was formed by deposition. On the other hand, normally-off operation and high channel mobility were compatible for the MOSFETs fabricated with NO annealing.
Effect of Co-Flow Jet Characteristic on the Aerodynamic Performance of an Airfoil

This paper demonstrates the impact of Co Flow Jets (CFJ) on airfoil performance. CFJ airfoils are an active airfoil performance enhancing method which uses injection and suction on the airfoil leeward side. Our research shows that better lift augmentation, higher stall angle and drag reduction is achieved when the injection point of the jet is located close to the point of maximum thickness. This method provides superior performance compared to passive augmenting methods and can be integrated with unified jet-based lift and thrust systems. We analyzed CFJ airfoils based on NACA 2414 by varying location of injection slots on the airfoil. It is essential to give the basic theory behind the working of this performance improvement methodology and to perform 2-D steady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the various CFJ airfoils at low speed. The lift, drag and jet momentum coefficients have been obtained from the CFD data and are used to compare the airfoils in this study. The location of the injection slot location is varied to compare performance.
Adverse events following immunization: orchestrated outcome of mothers' knowledge and behavior on vaccination practices

Background: Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are a common occurrence in children after vaccination and can lead to loss of trust in the immunization program. Fear of AEFIs is a major factor implicated in ‘Vaccine Hesitancy’ as seen in countries with high vaccination coverage and low burden of vaccine preventable diseases. The study aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers regarding AEFI and its impact on vaccination of their children Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional survey was conducted at the immunization clinic of a tertiary care hospital of western India. Mothers attending the immunization clinic were interviewed using a validated questionnaire. A sample size of 221 was derived based on the incidence of common AEFIs. Results: Awareness of AEFI was present in 86.4% participants while only 28% mothers confirmed that information regarding AEFIs was given to them at the time of immunization. Though awareness of minor side effects like fever (98%) and local reaction (85%) was good, less than 15% of the mothers were aware of serious AEFIs such as seizures and anaphylaxis. Only 66% mothers indicated that they would first consult their doctor in case of an adverse effect. Knowledge regarding true contraindications to vaccination was poor. Conclusions: Awareness of the possibility of AEFI was good and trust in immunization as a vital health intervention was intact. Awareness about serious AEFIs which necessitate prompt management was inadequate while that for minor side effects was satisfactory. Healthcare seeking behavior of mothers to serious AEFIs was appropriate.
Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Factors Affecting It among Old Age Population of Rural Area of Pakistan

Although Obstructive sleep apnea is now recognized as one of the major public health problems because of the improvement in standards of life, however, with increasing its prevalence, it adversely affects the quality of life. So, our study was set to assess the prevalence of OSA and the factors that affect it. This may make new opportunities available by which we could bring a decline in OSA incidence after measuring its prevalence and identification of factors that affect it. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a nearby rural area of (THQ) Tehsil Headquarter Hospital, Phalia, Punjab for around three months from August 2020 to October 2020. Data was collected with the help of two questionnaires including a self-structured proforma and STOP scale. People with age less than 51years and more than 60 years were excluded and only people with age above 50 years and below 61 years were included. Data analysis was accomplished with the help of SPSS version 25 and various tests including the Chi-square test, Independent Sample t-test, and One-Way ANOVA were applied to assess the study variables. Results of the study showed an overall high prevalence of OSA higher risk (41.7% participants had a higher risk of development of OSA) Association, between OSA risk and age groups (p=0.001) and between OSA risk and Educational status (0.000) was significant statistically, while it was not significant between OSA risk and gender (p=0.394). The difference in score on the STOP scale was significant, across gender (p=0.032), three age groups (p=0.002), and four levels of education (p=0.000). Our study indicates an increased prevalence of higher risk for OSA development particularly among men, higher age, and lower education. So, proper planning is required to deal with the increasing prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea.
DNA intensity and genetic diversity of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) to determine an elite low lipase line

Abstract. Angkat NU, Siregar LAM, Basyuni M, Afandi D, Syahputra I. 2021. DNA intensity and genetic diversity of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) to determine an elite low lipase line. Biodiversitas 22: 900-905. The acidification of palm oil due to lipase activity in the mesocarp is assessed under genetic control. Three molecular markers have been established to gauge the lipase gene in oil palm. Lower lipase activity is desired for good quality edible oil. This study aims to identify the genetic diversity by screening groups/families to determine an elite low lipase genotype of oil palm. Genetic diversity and population structure of 15 groups of oil palm were investigated by using three specific markers with GenAlex 6.502 software. Results show that the Polymorphic Informative Content (PIC) value of markers was around 0,985-0,993, which indicates that these markers are effective in determining the diversity of lipase activity in oil palm. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that genetic diversity varies within individuals (54%), among individuals (31%), and among population (15%). The value of number of alleles (Na), number of effective alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and number of allele migration (Nm) indicate that the genetic diversity in this population is relatively low. Phylogenetic analysis identified two main groups as high lipase and low lipase activity groups based on DNA intensity.
Interaction of Hydrogen Atoms with Vacancies and Divacancies in bcc Iron

The paper presents the results of both ab initio and thermodynamic analysis of vacancy and divacancy formation and hydrogen interaction with them in alpha (bcc) iron. Ab initio calculations were performed by DFT method using LAPW in WIEN2k package. Monovacancy formation energy was found to be 2.15 eV and divacancy binding energy 0.22 ± 0.01 eV. Equlibrium fraction of vacancies bound into divacancies is of the order of 10–5 even at the highest temperatures close to bcc → fcc transformation point. Hydrogen has a strong interaction with monovacancies (vacancy-hydrogen binding energy decreasing from 0.60 to 0.31 eV for the first–fifth H atom inside a single vacancy) but has only a small effect on divacancy formation energy that is equal to 0.28, 0.19 and 0.17 for the case of joining of VH + V, VH + VH and VH2 + VH2, respectively. This means that the presence of hydrogen cannot significantly increase the equilibrium concentration of divacancies.
Ulva fasciata-mediated preparation of zinc oxide nanocrystalline for one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 6-amino-3-methyl-4-phenyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile

ZnO has been successfully prepared by a simple co-precipitation method using sodium hydroxide, zinc acetate as precursor and Ulva fasciata polysaccharides as capping agent. Characterization using FTIR, XRD and SEM-EDS indicated the successful formation of ZnO nanocrystalline with crystallite size of 27.01 nm. In order to promote ZnO as a green catalyst, its application for one-pot multicomponent pyranopyrazole synthesis has been performed. Several reaction conditions have been investigated, and the highest yield (98%) was observed in the use of 10% mole of ZnO at room temperature for 90 min reaction time in aqueous medium to produce 6-amino-3-methyl-4-phenyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile.
Performance of sixteen Prunus rootstocks budded with the nectarine cultivar ‘Big Top’ and grown under root asphyxia conditions

The influence of 16 Prunus rootstocks on agronomical and basic fruit quality parameters of 'Big Top' nectarine was tested in a trial located in the Ebro Valley (Zaragoza, Spain), on a heavy and calcareous soil typical of the Mediterranean area. Six peach-almond hybrids (Adafuel, Adarcias, Garnem, GF 677, PADAC 9902-01 and Rootpac 70), one P. persica x P. davidiana hybrid (Cadaman), five hexaploid plums [P. insititia (Adesoto 101, PM 44 AD, PM 105 AD, PM 150 AD) and P. domestica (Penta)], three plum x peach-almond hybrid rootstocks (PADAC 04-01, PADAC 04-03 and PADAC 99-05), and one almond-plum hybrid [P. cerasifera x P. amygdalus (Rootpac-R)] were budded with the nectarine cultivar 'Big Top' during the summer of 2007. Trees were established in the field during the winter of 2008-2009. By the fourth year after planting, growing conditions had generated varying levels of tree mortality; the highest with Garnem, PM 44 AD and Penta, whereas all Adarcias, PADAC 04-01, Rootpac 70 and Rootpac R trees survived well. The lowest vigor was induced by PM 105 AD and PM 150 AD, while the highest vigor was exhibited by Adafuel, although differences were not significant when compared to Cadaman, PADAC 04-01, PADAC 9902-01, PADAC 99-05 and Rootpac 70. Yield efficiency was highest for PM 105 AD and lowest for Adafuel, although differences with the other rootstocks were not significant. Cumulative yield was highest for GF 677 and PADAC 04-01 and lowest for PM 150 AD, although they did not significantly differ when compared to the other rootstocks. The medium to highly vigorous rootstocks
Equation of State for Fe‐9.0 wt% O up to 246 GPa: Implications for Oxygen in the Earth's Outer Core

To constrain the amount of oxygen in Earth's outer core, the equation of sate (EoS) for Fe‐9 wt% O (Fe‐9O) was measured up to ∼246 GPa using the dynamic compression technique. The shock velocity (Us) and particle velocity (up) relationship can be described by Us=4.07(21)+1.62(7)up . Using the ideal mixing model, the isothermal equation of state for Fe‐9O at 300 K was fitted to the third‐order Birch‐Murnaghan EoS with bulk modulus K0=163.6(17) GPa and its pressure derivative K0′=4.11(6) . Based on the EoS of Mie‐Grüneisen, the calculated adiabat coincides with our experimental data when its Grüneisen parameters are given by γ0=2.3,q=0.3 . Using the determined parameters, bulk sound velocities were obtained from the Hugoniot data. By comparing the pressure‐density profiles and sound velocities of Fe‐O system with the preliminary reference Earth model, it was determined that the oxygen‐rich composition does not provide a good match to the observations in the Earth's outer core.
A general inverse control model of a magneto-rheological damper based on neural network

Because of the nonlinear hysteresis characteristics of the magneto-rheological damper, the damper’s inverse model has disadvantages of low fitting accuracy and poor practicality. Therefore, in this study, an optimized genetic algorithm has been proposed to optimize the back propagation neural network’s initial weights and threshold. Compared with other damper controllers, the proposed inverse model improves the control current’s prediction accuracy and tracks the desired damping force in real time. Moreover, the proposed inverse model and designed fuzzy controller are applied to the 1/4 vehicle suspension system simulation. The obtained results show that the optimized neural network model can be applied to a practical control. The root mean square value of body acceleration of semi-active suspension is lower than that of passive suspension under different road excitation. This method provides a foundation for the accurate modeling and semi-active control of the magneto-rheological damper.
Lake sedimentary processes and vegetation changes over the last 45k cal a bp in the uplands of south‐eastern Amazonia

This study addresses paleoclimate influences in a southern Amazonia ecotone based on multiproxy records from lakes of the Carajás region during the last 45k cal a bp. Wet and cool environmental conditions marked the initial deposition in shallow depressions with detrital sediments and high weathering rates until 40k cal a bp. Concomitantly, forest and C3 canga plants, along with cool‐adapted taxa, developed; however, short drier episodes enabled expansion of C4 plants and diagenetic formation of siderite. A massive event of siderite formation occurred approximately 30k cal a bp under strong drier conditions. Afterwards, wet and cool environmental conditions returned and persisted until the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The LGM was marked by lake‐level lowstands and subaerial exposure. The transition from the LGM to the Holocene is marked by the onset of oscillations in temperature and humidity, with an expansion of forest and canga plants. Cool taxa were present for the last time in the Carajás region ~ 9.5–9k cal a bp. After 10k cal a bp, shallow lakes became upland swamps due to natural infilling processes, but the current vegetation types and structures of the plateaus were acquired only after 3k cal a bp under wetter climatic conditions.
Ethyl 6-(4-chloro­phen­yl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,4-di­hydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxyl­ate

The title compound, C16H17ClO4, is a derivative of 3,4-di­hydro-2H-pyran-4-one in which the root moiety forms a dihedral angle of 49.36 (5)° with the pendent chloro­benzene ring. The crystal structure features weak methyl-C—H⋯O(ring carbon­yl) contacts, leading to an R22(12) ring motif, and benzene-C—H⋯O(ester) interactions, leading to a supra­molecular chain along the b axis, to form a three-dimensional network.
Performance Analysis of LDPC Decoding Techniques

Low density parity checking codes (LDPC) are one of the most important issues in coding theory at present. LDPC-code are a type of linear-block LDPC-codes. Channel coding might be considered as the finest conversant and most potent components of cellular communications systems, that was employed for transmitting errors corrections imposed by noise, fading and interfering. LDPC-codes are advanced coding gain, i.e., new area in coding. the performances of LDPC-code are similar to the Shannon-limiting, this led to the usage of decoding in several applications in digital communications systems, like DVB-S2 and WLAN802.1. This paper aims to know what is LDPC,what its application and introduce encoding algorithms that gives rise to a linear encoding time and also show that the regular and irregular LDPC performance and also introduce different methods for decoding LDPC. I discuss in detail LDPC decoding algorithm: bit flipping algorithm, as a type from hard decision . belief propagation algorithm, sum product algorithm and minimum sum algorithm as examples from soft decision . I expect that at least some students or researchers involved in researching LDPC codes would find this paper helpful.