Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilization of immediate postpartum intrauterine device and its associated factors among women who gave birth in public hospitals in West Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

Background The utilization of an immediate postpartum intrauterine device (IPPIUD) during the postpartum period helps women to realize their desire for birth spacing and prevent unplanned pregnancies. However, many postpartum mothers do not undergo immediate postpartum family planning in developing countries, including Ethiopia, which consequently increases the risk of unplanned pregnancies and pregnancy-related complications. Objective To assess the utilization of an IPPIUD and its associated factors among women who gave birth in public hospitals in the West Wollega Zone in 2022. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 605 postpartum mothers who delivered their baby between 15 April and 15 May 2022 at public hospitals in the West Wollega Zone, Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study subjects, and the data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire, which was then entered into EpiData Entry version 4.6 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science version 26 for analysis. The variable with a p-value of ≤ 0.05 with an adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals was used to declare statistically significant association. Result The prevalence of the utilization of the IPPIUD among respondents who gave birth in West Wollega public hospitals within 48 h was 27.2% (95% CI, 23.7–30.9). Age ranging between 25 and 34 years (AOR = 4.27, 95%CI:1.68–10.85), early initiation of antenatal care (ANC; AOR = 1.91, 95%CI: 2.8–10.01), adequate knowledge of IPPIUD (AOR = 4.71, 95%CI: 2.63–6.63), favorable attitude toward family planning (AOR = 3.35, 95%CI: 2.07–5.44), planning of pregnancy (AOR = 2.21, 95%CI: 1.37–4.11), and counseling (AOR = 4.14, 95%CI: 2.60–6.68) were factors that were significantly associated with the utilization of IPPIUD. Conclusion According to the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (mini EDHS 2019), the utilization of an immediate postpartum intrauterine device was low, that is, 35%. Age of respondents, early initiation of antenatal care, favorable attitude toward, planning of pregnancy, adequate knowledge of, and counseling on IPPIUD utilization were significantly associated with the mother’s utilization of immediate postpartum intrauterine device. Thus, the zonal health office and health professionals should work toward encouraging all the women who gave birth at public hospitals to the utilization of immediate postpartum intrauterine devices by improving awareness among the women in that specific zone through counseling to increase the uptake of IPPIUD.
Early Middle Pleistocene Transitions: The Land-Ocean Evidence

The Early–Middle Pleistocene transition (around 1.2 to 0.5 Ma) marks a profound shift in Earth’s climate state. Low-amplitude 41 ka climate cycles, dominating the earlier part of the Pleistocene, gave way progressively to a 100 ka rhythm of increased amplitude that characterizes our present glacial—interglacial world. This volume assesses the biotic and physical response to this transition both on land and in the oceans: indeed it examines the very nature of Quaternary climate change. Milankovitch theory, palaeoceanography using isotopes and microfossils, marine organic geochemistry, tephrochronology, the record of loess and soil deposition, terrestrial vegetationa! change, and the migration and evolution of hominins as well as other large and small mammals, are all considered. These themes combine to explore the very origins of our present biota.
Opposition “strategy mobility” – a dimension still missing in the critical policy mobility literature

ABSTRACT Critical policy mobility research has transformed the field of policy transfer and diffusion studies. Scholars from critical epistemological traditions in different disciplines such as geography, sociology, political economy and public policy have examined the politics of policy transfer for more than a decade. Apart from challenging the affirmative normative assumptions underlying traditional policy transfer research (“policy learning”), scholars have taken a wide variety of policy actors and agencies into account, considered South-South and South-North policy circulation and recognized the relevance of policy mutation and failure. While transnational actors involved in policy mobility and issues of global governance have moved higher on the agenda in the recent past, opposition forces and resistance to policy mobility organized across borders remain on the margins. A new focus on opposition “strategy mobility” is required to address actors and agencies that aim to roll back past policy mobility processes, or to prevent new efforts to promote policy transfers. Examples from diverse and highly contested policy areas like gender, climate mitigation and public health serve to illustrate the innovative potential of a new focus on strategy mobility to enhance the understanding of the contested character of policy mobility, and to yield a new perspective of global policy conflict studies.
The Role of Autophagy in Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease Management

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), or diabetic nephropathy (DN), is one of the most prevalent complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and causes severe burden on the general welfare of T2DM patients around the world. While several new agents have shown promise in treating this condition and potentially halting the progression of the disease, more work is needed to understand the complex regulatory network involved in the disorder. Recent studies have provided new insights into the connection between autophagy, a physiological metabolic process known to maintain cellular homeostasis, and the pathophysiological pathways of DKD. Typically, autophagic activity plays a role in DKD progression mainly by promoting an inflammatory response to tissue damage, while both overactivated and downregulated autophagy worsen disease outcomes in different stages of DKD. This correlation demonstrates the potential of autophagy as a novel therapeutic target for the disease, and also highlights new possibilities for utilizing already available DN-related medications. In this review, we summarize findings on the relationship between autophagy and DKD, and the impact of these results on clinical management strategies.
Evapotranspiration rates and crop coefficients for a restored marsh in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, USA

The surface renewal method was used to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) for a restored marsh on Twitchell Island in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, USA. ET estimates for the marsh, together with reference ET measurements from a nearby climate station, were used to determine crop coefficients over a 3‐year period during the growing season. The mean ET rate for the study period was 6 mm day−1, which is high compared with other marshes with similar vegetation. High ET rates at the marsh may be due to the windy, semi‐arid Mediterranean climate of the region, and the permanently flooded nature of the marsh, which results in very low surface resistance of the vegetation. Crop coefficient (Kc) values for the marsh ranged from 0·73 to 1·18. The mean Kc value over the entire study period was 0·95. The daily Kc values for any given month varied from year to year, and the standard deviation of daily Kc values varied between months. Although several climate variables were undoubtedly responsible for this variation, our analysis revealed that wind direction and the temperature of standing water in the wetland were of particular importance in determining ET rates and Kc values. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observational evidence for aerosol invigoration in shallow cumulus downstream of Mount Kilauea

Knowledge of how marine boundary layer (MBL) shallow cumulus clouds respond to changes in aerosol is central to understanding how MBL clouds modulate the climate system. Mount Kilauea on the island of Hawaii began erupting in 2008 injecting substantial SO2 into the marine boundary layer creating a unique natural laboratory. Examining data from approximately 600 passes of the A‐Train downstream of Mount Kilauea over a 3 year period and separating data into aerosol optical depth quartiles, we find an unambiguous increase in marine boundary cloud top height and an increase in surface wind speed as aerosol increases while the radar reflectivity does not change substantially. We conclude that increased aerosols may have caused invigoration of the MBL clouds. Additionally, we find that increases in sub 1 km cloud fraction combined with increasing aerosol explain the increased visible reflectance suggesting that evidence for the so‐called first aerosol indirect effect should be reexamined.
Biofilms in Periprosthetic Orthopedic Infections Seen through the Eyes of Neutrophils: How Can We Help Neutrophils?

Despite advancements in our knowledge of neutrophil responses to planktonic bacteria during acute inflammation, much remains to be elucidated on how neutrophils deal with bacterial biofilms in implant infections. Further complexity transpires from the emerging findings on the role that biomaterials play in conditioning bacterial adhesion, the variety of biofilm matrices, and the insidious measures that biofilm bacteria devise against neutrophils. Thus, grasping the entirety of neutrophil–biofilm interactions occurring in periprosthetic tissues is a difficult goal. The bactericidal weapons of neutrophils consist of the following: ready-to-use antibacterial proteins and enzymes stored in granules; NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS); and net-like structures of DNA, histones, and granule proteins, which neutrophils extrude to extracellularly trap pathogens (the so-called NETs: an allusive acronym for “neutrophil extracellular traps”). Neutrophils are bactericidal (and therefore defensive) cells endowed with a rich offensive armamentarium through which, if frustrated in their attempts to engulf and phagocytose biofilms, they can trigger the destruction of periprosthetic bone. This study speculates on how neutrophils interact with biofilms in the dramatic scenario of implant infections, also considering the implications of this interaction in view of the design of new therapeutic strategies and functionalized biomaterials, to help neutrophils in their arduous task of managing biofilms.
Further evidence of a two‐level mesopause and its variations from UARS high‐resolution Doppler imager temperature data

[1] The temperature data from the High Resolution Doppler Imager on board the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite are used to study mesospheric dynamics. Data spread over 7 years (1992–1998) in the height region of 75–105 km are analyzed to study the seasonal and long-term changes in the mesopause height and temperatures. During December solstice (1992), the mesopause is at the high level of 100 km in the Northern Hemisphere with a temperature of 190 K, and around 40°S, the mesopause changes to a low level of 88 km with a cool temperature (150 K) of 40 K less than the high-level mesopause. In June solstice (1993), the mirror image of this pattern is observed. This kind of two-level mesopause structure is consistently seen during all solstices at the same height and the transition occurring at the same latitudes. The high-level mesopause with temperatures of 180–190 K and the low-level mesopause with temperatures of 140–150 K are observed. The two-level mesopause is not observed in equinoxes, and a single-level mesopause is seen around 100-km altitude in both hemispheres. The annually averaged temperature data show 5 K warming of high-level mesopause during 1992 and 1993, which may be due to Pinatubo volcanic aerosols. This warming is comparable but less than the 9 K warming at 100-km height observed by She et al. [1998] at 41°N. The time series analysis of temperature at 99 km shows a decrease of 1.2 ± 0.15 K/yr over the equatorial region during 1992–1998. The lowest mesopause temperatures at northern high latitudes are observed between May and August, which is consistent with the period of polar mesosphere summer echo observed by using VHF radar at these latitudes.
LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical characteristics of Donggou ophiolites in Zamashi area of northern Qilian Mountain

Donggou ophiolite occurs in Zamashi area along the eastern segment of northern Qilian orogenic belt.The ophiolite is mainly composed of pyroxene peridotite,gabbro and mafic volcanic rocks,making up a relatively complete ophiolite unit.Singlegrain zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotopic dating of mafic volcanic rocks yielded a weighted average age of 499.3±6.2 Ma,which represents the ophiolite formation age,equivalent to Late Cambrian.According to geochemical studies,the ophiolite mafic volcanic rocks are of tholeiitic series,the chondrite-normalized REE patterns are nearly of flat-type;the(La/Yb)N ratios are between 0.97 and 1.26;the trace element distribution patterns basically show flat curves with the exception of a few large-ion lithophile elements(Ba,Rb,U,K);Nb,Ta,Zr,Hf have not experienced loss,suggesting geochemical characteristics of mid-ocean ridge basalt(N-MORB);in Zr-Zr/Y and Ti/100-Zr-3Y tectonic discrimination diagrams,all the samples fall into the MORB area formed in mid-ocean ridge.A comparative study of the region shows that the ophiolite and Yushigou as well as Cuancigou ophiolite jointly constitute the spreading ridge-type ocean ophiolite.
Financing of investments and public procurement in the Provincial Municipality of Picota, Peru

The objective of this scientific article is to determine the relationship between investment financing and public procurement in the Provincial Municipality of Picota, Peru. It is a quantitative study, applied, descriptive-correlational, non-experimental design, comprised of 42 collaborators of the municipality. The instrument used was the questionnaire. The most relevant results showed that the level of investment financing in the municipality is medium in 76%, the level of public procurement is medium in 64%, and there is a relationship between the components of investment financing and public procurement, whose significance was less than P-value 0.01. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between investment financing and public procurement, supported by a bilateral significance of . 001 < 0.01. Moreover, the Pearson correlation was strong positive at . 745. Therefore, the following alternative hypothesis was accepted: The relationship between investment financing and public procurement in the Provincial Municipality of Picota is significant.
Feasibility of a Health Coach Intervention to Reduce Sitting Time and Improve Physical Functioning Among Breast Cancer Survivors: Pilot Intervention Study

Background Sedentary behavior among breast cancer survivors is associated with increased risk of poor physical function and worse quality of life. While moderate to vigorous physical activity can improve outcomes for cancer survivors, many are unable to engage in that intensity of physical activity. Decreasing sitting time may be a more feasible behavioral target to potentially mitigate the impact of cancer and its treatments. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and preliminary impact of an intervention to reduce sitting time on changes to physical function and quality of life in breast cancer survivors, from baseline to a 3-month follow-up. Methods Female breast cancer survivors with self-reported difficulties with physical function received one-on-one, in-person personalized health coaching sessions aimed at reducing sitting time. At baseline and follow-up, participants wore the activPAL (thigh-worn accelerometer; PAL Technologies) for 3 months and completed physical function tests (4-Meter Walk Test, Timed Up and Go, and 30-Second Chair Stand) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) self-reported outcomes. Changes in physical function and sedentary behavior outcomes were assessed by linear mixed models. Results On average, participants (n=20) were aged 64.5 (SD 9.4) years; had a BMI of 30.4 (SD 4.5) kg/m2; and identified as Black or African American (n=3, 15%), Hispanic or Latina (n=4, 20%), and non-Hispanic White (n=14, 55%). Average time since diagnosis was 5.8 (SD 2.2) years with participants receiving chemotherapy (n=8, 40%), radiotherapy (n=18, 90%), or endocrine therapy (n=17, 85%). The intervention led to significant reductions in sitting time: activPAL average daily sitting time decreased from 645.7 (SD 72.4) to 532.7 (SD 142.1; β=–112.9; P=.001) minutes and average daily long sitting bouts (bout length ≥20 min) decreased from 468.3 (SD 94.9) to 366.9 (SD 150.4; β=–101.4; P=.002) minutes. All physical function tests had significant improvements: on average, 4-Meter Walk Test performance decreased from 4.23 (SD 0.95) to 3.61 (SD 2.53; β=–.63; P=.002) seconds, Timed Up and Go performance decreased from 10.30 (SD 3.32) to 8.84 (SD 1.58; β=–1.46; P=.003) seconds, and 30-Second Chair Stand performance increased from 9.75 (SD 2.81) to 13.20 completions (SD 2.53; β=3.45; P<.001). PROMIS self-reported physical function score improved from 44.59 (SD 4.40) to 47.12 (SD 5.68; β=2.53; P=.05) and average fatigue decreased from 52.51 (SD 10.38) to 47.73 (SD 8.43; β=–4.78; P=.02). Conclusions This 3-month pilot study suggests that decreasing time spent sitting may be helpful for breast cancer survivors experiencing difficulties with physical function and fatigue. Reducing sitting time is a novel and potentially more feasible approach to improving health and quality of life in cancer survivors.
Evolutionary Economic Geography

The chapter gives a brief overview of the most recent literature on Evolutionary Economic Geography (EEG). We describe how EEG has provided new and additional insights on a number of topics that belong to the core of the economic geography discipline: why do industries concentrate in space, how do clusters operate and evolve, how are innovation networks structured in space and how do they evolve over time, what types of agglomeration externalities induce urban and regional growth, how do regions diversify, and how do institutions and institutional change matter for the development of new growth paths in regions.
Identification and discovery of imaging genetic patterns using fusion self-expressive network in major depressive disorder

Introduction Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental illness, with severe symptoms that can significantly impair daily routines, social interactions, and professional pursuits. Recently, imaging genetics has received considerable attention for understanding the pathogenesis of human brain disorders. However, identifying and discovering the imaging genetic patterns between genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and brain imaging data still present an arduous challenge. Most of the existing MDD research focuses on single-modality brain imaging data and neglects the complex structure of brain imaging data. Methods In this study, we present a novel association analysis model based on a self-expressive network to identify and discover imaging genetics patterns between SNPs and multi-modality imaging data. Specifically, we first build the multi-modality phenotype network, which comprises voxel node features and connectivity edge features from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), respectively. Then, we apply intra-class similarity information to construct self-expressive networks of multi-modality phenotype features via sparse representation. Subsequently, we design a fusion method guided by diagnosis information, which iteratively fuses the self-expressive networks of multi-modality phenotype features into a single new network. Finally, we propose an association analysis between MDD risk SNPs and the multi-modality phenotype network based on a fusion self-expressive network. Results Experimental results show that our method not only enhances the association between MDD risk SNP rs1799913 and the multi-modality phenotype network but also identifies some consistent and stable regions of interest (ROIs) multi-modality biological markers to guide the interpretation of MDD pathogenesis. Moreover, 15 new potential risk SNPs highly associated with MDD are discovered, which can further help interpret the MDD genetic mechanism. Discussion In this study, we discussed the discriminant and convergence performance of the fusion self-expressive network, parameters, and atlas selection.
Lower Cambrian coeloscleritophorans (Ninella, Siphogonuchites) from Xinjiang and Shaanxi, China

Abstract Ninella tarimensis from the Lower Cambrian Yurtus Formation of western Xinjiang, China, is shown to be a relative of the halkieriids and siphogonuchitids. These are known principally from dispersed sclerites, presumably secreted by slug-like organisms that were an abundant component of the Cambrian benthos. The sclerites of N. tarimensis are relatively small, strongly recurved and usually possess an upper surface ornamented with transverse sculpture. The lower surface is more or less smooth and is joined to the upper surface via steep faces that may be grooved. The apertural region is quadrate in outline and bears a circular foramen. Ninella is fairly widespread and is known from elsewhere in China (Guizhou and Shaanxi Provinces) and from Kazakhstan. A brief description of the siphogonuchitid scleritome is also presented, based on dispersed sclerites and shells from the Lower Cambrian of Shaanxi Province, China. Formal synonymy of the sciotaxa Siphogonuchites, Dabashanites, Lopochites, and Maikhanella as Siphogonuchites is proposed.
Earth probe total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS): data products user's guide

This document is a guide to the data products derived from the measurements made by the Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (EP/TOMS), and processed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It discusses the calibration of the instrument, the algorithm used to derive ozone values from the measurements, uncertainties in the data, and the organization of the data products. The data begin July 25, 1996 and are ongoing at the time of this publication. These data are being archived at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC)
Departures from the local inverse barometer model at periods of 5 days in the central South Atlantic

Tide gauge data from Ascension and St. Helena in the central South Atlantic, supplemented by altimeter data from the TOPEX/POSEIDON mission, suggest that the local inverse barometer (LIB) model for the forcing of sea level variability by means of air pressure changes is not applicable within a narrow band of the variability spectrum with periods of approximately 5 days. This is in contrast to other sections of the wider frequency band spanning approximately 0.05 to 0.5 cycles/d, wherein the data are either consistent with approximate LIB response or at least suggest no departures from the LIB model of similar magnitude. These results have similarities to findings from Pacific gauges obtained over a decade ago, but so far, no comparisons have been to data from other ocean areas. They are also qualitatively similar to predictions for the region from a recent global barotropic numerical model. The anomalous part of the spectrum coincides in frequency with the Madden and Julian (1972, 1973) 5-day pressure wave in the atmosphere. If that global scale forcing is responsible for both the Atlantic and Pacific departures from the LIB model around 5 days, then similar features should be observable in tide gauge data from other tropical areas.