Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Visual Object Tracking with Natural Language Region Proposal Network

Tracking with natural-language (NL) specification is a powerful new paradigm to yield trackers that initialize without a manually-specified bounding box, stay on target in spite of occlusions, and auto-recover when diverged. These advantages stem in part from visual appearance and NL having distinct and complementary invariance properties. However, realizing these advantages is technically challenging: the two modalities have incompatible representations. In this paper, we present the first practical and competitive solution to the challenge of tracking with NL specification. Our first novelty is an NL region proposal network (NL-RPN) that transforms an NL description into a convolutional kernel and shares the search branch with siamese trackers; the combined network can be trained end-to-end. Secondly, we propose a novel formulation to represent the history of past visual exemplars and use those exemplars to automatically reset the tracker together with our NL-RPN. Empirical results over tracking benchmarks with NL annotations demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Knowledge of Tuberculosis: A Survey among Tuberculosis Patients in Omdurman, Sudan

A cross-sectional study was conducted in different health settings in Greater Omdurman Province with the objective of measuring the patients' knowledge about tuberculosis and its treatment. One thousand tuberculosis patients were randomly selected. Results revealed general unawareness with the disease and its treatment among the interviewees. Only 36.2% of them had satisfactory knowledge about tuberculosis and its treatment. The level of this knowledge was inversely proportional with respondent's age. Males (38.7%) were more knowledgeable than females (31.4%). The level of satisfactory knowledge increased with increasing educational level. Respondents treated at health facilities implementing the National Tuberculosis Programme guidelines (34.5%) were more knowledgeable compared to those treated at general hospitals and private clinics where there is no commitment to the guidelines (23.1%). Increasing coverage of programme implementation to include general hospitals and private sector, the designing of special health educational programmes and interventions directed toward tuberculosis patients to increase their general awareness about the disease and its treatment were recommended. Key wards: National Tuberculosis Programme, Sudan, Greater Omdurman Province, Knowledge, guidelines.
Prospects for the characterization of the VHE emission from the Crab nebula and pulsar with the Cherenkov Telescope Array

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next generation instrument for the very high energy gamma-ray astrophysics domain. With its enhanced sensitivity in comparison with the current facilities, CTA is expected to shed light on a varied population of sources. In particular, we will achieve a deeper knowledge of the Crab nebula and pulsar, which are the best characterized pulsar wind nebula and rotation powered pulsar, respectively. We aim at studying the capabilities of CTA regarding these objects through simulations, using the main tools currently in development for the CTA future data analysis: gammapy and ctools. We conclude that, even using conservative Instrument Response Functions, CTA will be able to resolve many uncertainties regarding the spectrum and morphology of the pulsar and its nebula. The large energy range covered by CTA will allow us to disentangle the nebula spectral shape among different hypotheses, corresponding to different underlying emitting mechanisms. In addition, resolving internal structures (smaller than ∼0.02° in size) in the nebula and unveiling their location, would provide crucial information about the propagation of particles in the magnetized medium. We used a theoretical asymmetric model to characterize the morphology of the nebula and we showed that if predictions of such morphology exist, for instance as a result of hydrodynamical or magneto-hydrodynamical simulations, it can be directly compared with CTA results. We also tested the capability of CTA to detect periodic radiation from the Crab pulsar obtaining a precise measurement of different light curves shapes.
AlgaeDICE: Policy Gradient from Arbitrary Experience

In many real-world applications of reinforcement learning (RL), interactions with the environment are limited due to cost or feasibility. This presents a challenge to traditional RL algorithms since the max-return objective involves an expectation over on-policy samples. We introduce a new formulation of max-return optimization that allows the problem to be re-expressed by an expectation over an arbitrary behavior-agnostic and off-policy data distribution. We first derive this result by considering a regularized version of the dual max-return objective before extending our findings to unregularized objectives through the use of a Lagrangian formulation of the linear programming characterization of Q-values. We show that, if auxiliary dual variables of the objective are optimized, then the gradient of the off-policy objective is exactly the on-policy policy gradient, without any use of importance weighting. In addition to revealing the appealing theoretical properties of this approach, we also show that it delivers good practical performance.
Landscape Complexity for the Empirical Risk of Generalized Linear Models

We present a method to obtain the average and the typical value of the number of critical points of the empirical risk landscape for generalized linear estimation problems and variants. This represents a substantial extension of previous applications of the Kac-Rice method since it allows to analyze the critical points of high dimensional non-Gaussian random functions. We obtain a rigorous explicit variational formula for the annealed complexity, which is the logarithm of the average number of critical points at fixed value of the empirical risk. This result is simplified, and extended, using the non-rigorous Kac-Rice replicated method from theoretical physics. In this way we find an explicit variational formula for the quenched complexity, which is generally different from its annealed counterpart, and allows to obtain the number of critical points for typical instances up to exponential accuracy.
X-shooter Spectroscopy and HST Imaging of 15 Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z ≳ 2

We present a detailed analysis of a large sample of spectroscopically confirmed massive quiescent galaxies (MQGs; log(M*/M⊙) ∼ 11.5) at z ≳ 2. This sample comprises 15 galaxies selected in the COSMOS and UDS fields by their bright K-band magnitudes and followed up with Very Large Telescope (VLT) X-shooter spectroscopy and Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/WFC3 HF160W imaging. These observations allow us to unambiguously confirm their redshifts, ascertain their quiescent nature and stellar ages, and reliably assess their internal kinematics and effective radii. We find that these galaxies are compact, consistent with the high-mass end of the stellar mass–size relation for quiescent galaxies at z = 2. Moreover, the distribution of the measured stellar velocity dispersions of the sample is consistent with the most massive local early-type galaxies from the MASSIVE Survey, showing that evolution in these galaxies is dominated by changes in size. The HST images reveal, as surprisingly high, that 40% of the sample has tidal features suggestive of mergers and companions in close proximity, including three galaxies experiencing ongoing major mergers. The absence of velocity dispersion evolution from z = 2 to 0, coupled with a doubling of the stellar mass, with a factor of 4 size increase and the observed disturbed stellar morphologies, supports dry minor mergers as the primary drivers of the evolution of the MQGs over the last 10 billion yr.
Distribution-Induced Bidirectional Generative Adversarial Network for Graph Representation Learning

Graph representation learning aims to encode all nodes of a graph into low-dimensional vectors that will serve as input of many computer vision tasks. However, most existing algorithms ignore the existence of inherent data distribution and even noises. This may significantly increase the phenomenon of over-fitting and deteriorate the testing accuracy. In this paper, we propose a Distribution-induced Bidirectional Generative Adversarial Network (named DBGAN) for graph representation learning. Instead of the widely used Gaussian assumption, the prior distribution of latent representation in our DBGAN is estimated in a structure-aware way, which implicitly bridges the graph and content spaces by prototype learning. Thus discriminative and robust representations are generated for all nodes. Furthermore, to improve their generalization ability while preserving representation ability, the sample-level and distribution-level consistency are well balanced via a bidirectional adversarial learning framework. An extensive group of experiments is then carefully designed and presented, demonstrating that our DBGAN obtains remarkably more favorable trade-off between representation and robustness, and meanwhile is dimension-efficient, over currently available alternatives in various tasks.
Outcome of Vascular Trauma at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad

Background: Vascular trauma is a common cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Its incidence has increased considerably during last 40 years. There are few accurate quantitative data available presently on the nature and outcome of these injuries. The present study was undertaken to analyze the outcome of vascular trauma. Study Design: Descriptive study Study Place and Duration: It conducted at Surgical Unit IV, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad from June 2007 to December 2009. Materials and Methods: All 32 patients who suffered a vascular injury requiring surgical intervention were included. Primary vascular repair was carried out where possible; if not interposition vein graft was placed. Early liberal fasciotomy was considered as and when required. Patients with isolated venous trauma and patients with obviously unsalvageable lower extremity injury requiring primary amputation were excluded from the study. Results: There were 28 males and 4 females with mean age of 25±3 years. Firearm injuries account for 60% of all cases, followed by road traffic accidents injuries. The femoral artery was the most frequently injured, constituting 25% of all cases. Interposition vein graft was done in 19 (59.4%) patients and primary end-to-end anastomosis was done in 9 (28.1%) patients. Lateral repair was done in 3 (9.4%) patients while in one (3.1%) patient prosthetic graft was used. Limb amputation rate was 6.25% and mortality rate was 15.6%.
Managing the metabolic adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs in patients with psychosis

Summary Antipsychotic medications are widely prescribed and carry a variable propensity to cause weight gain and its attendant sequelae – hyperglycaemia, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. These metabolic risks, along with smoking and poor lifestyle habits, occur between two and five times more often in patients with psychosis than in the general population. early detection and intervention for cardiometabolic risks, and a judicious tailoring of the use of antipsychotic medications can help to improve long-term outcomes in these patients.
Chitosan-Catalyzed Aggregation during the Biomimetic Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles.

Silicate is polymerized in the presence of chitosan to form novel silica−chitosan nanoparticles in weakly acidic solution under ambient conditions. Both the turbidity of the silica solution and the average hydrodynamic diameter of the silica nanoparticles increased dramatically after the addition of chitosan. The initial stage of silica formation closely observed fourth-order kinetics. The latter transformation of colloidal nanoparticles approximated an exponential growth pattern during slow aggregation. Chitosan did not significantly change the rate of silica synthesis and the size of the individual nanoparticles, but it facilitated an aggregation of the composite nanoparticles by 1 order of magnitude faster than for pure silica nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the composite nanoparticles grew in three dimensions and became clusters and aggregates within a shorter time. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated that the composite nanoparticles increased from as small as 1 nm to 32 nm .
PREDICTION OF ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION, BASED ONSPIRITUAL HEALTH OF COLLEGE STUDENTS, ILAM UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

ABSTRACT Introduction: point of view, in this regard, and spiritual health, as one of health, because it is the integration of other dimensions, and involve two later, and religious. Methods: consisted of all students of ILAM University of Medical Sciences, in the year 1393, at the University, were enrolled. In this research, stratified sampling, was used. A the sample was selected. In this research, three questionnaires: demographic characteristics, and Alison PULUTZIN spiritual health questionnaire, and a questionnaire on the quality of higher education in York (1995), wa Discussion: higher education, solidarity and spiritual health, there is a significant positive And male students assess the quality of higher education, was some that, between male and female students, in terms of spiritual health, there are significant differences. Also, the results of simple linear regression analysis showed that the prediction quality asse higher education students, according to their spiritual health, is significant. Conclusions: the quality of higher education, as predicted; And, accordingly, students, in their assessment of the quality of education, the university plans to use it effectively.
Influence of duck species and cross-breeding on sensory and quality characteristics of Alabio and Cihateup duck meat

The current study was designed to assess the effect of strain on lipid content, fatty acid profile, and sensory attributes of duck meat derived from two duck strains, Alabio and Cihateup strain, and their crossbreeds (sex ratio 1:1). The groups evaluated were as follow: AA (Alabio ♂ × Alabio ♀), CC (Cihateup ♂ × Cihateup ♀) and the crossbreeding of AC (Alabio ♂ × Cihateup ♀) and CA (Cihateup ♂ × Alabio ♀). Analysis of the chemical composition and sensory properties of meat was assessed on thigh muscles. The crossbreeds were characterized by the lowest fatness (P < 0.05). The crossbreeds had greater (P < 0.05) percentage total saturated fatty acids, whereas CA crossbreed had the highest total saturated fatty acid level (P < 0.05). Based on the hedonic test, no differences (P > 0.05) existed among the treatments with regard to meat taste, while meat from AC was preferred (P < 0.05) by panelists over the other groups with respect to aroma and overall acceptability. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that AC meat had lower off-odor intensity, and on average panelists positively differentiated (P < 0.05) AC meat. Overall, our data suggest that AC duck meat resulted in more desirable quality attributes.
Stereometry Study of Septomarginal Trabecula in Equines

There were studied in 30 heart horses, with age between two and six years, 18 males and 12 females without history of cardiac problems, the septomarginal trabecula which were classified in number, dimension, constitution and tissue organization in order to provide data to morphophysiological studies and to surgical clinic. Were removed fragments from the middle third of the trabecular structures and subsequently fixed in Bouin solution for 24 hours. The fragments of trabecula were subjected to conventional histological technique, cut to a thickness of 5 μm and stained with modified Mallory’s trichrome. The septomarginales trabecules, varied macroscopically in six types of insertion, being in simple form (13.33%), with double form (26.67%), triple form (16.67%), quadruple form (10%), branched form (16.67%) and irregular form (16.67%). Microscopically the septomarginales trabecules showed constituted of striated muscle tissue (69.37%), connective tissue (25.27%), cardiac conduction myofibers (5.33%) and discrete number of vessels. Considering the results, it was concluded that in the equine septomarginal trabecula have different proportions between the constituent tissues and forms of insertion, establishing a standard of proper arrangement for the species.
A systematic review of the Alcohol norms literature: A focus on context

Objective: To proffer a theoretically driven assessment of the validity of research which examines alcohol-related normative beliefs. Methods: A systematic review of 68 articles matching the inclusion criteria, published between 1970 and 2013. Results: Potential causes of deviations in research findings are identified and compelling gaps in our knowledge with regards to the influence of participant gender, age and contextual factors are highlighted and discussed in relation to the broader literature. Conclusions: It is proposed that a standardization of research approaches and alcohol intake measures are required in order to increase the validity of present research and enable useful comparisons between studies. Further attention to key, potentially mediatory variables is also highlighted as important for increasing research validity with a view to facilitating the improvement of interventions.
Missing data in randomised controlled trials: a practical guide

Objective: Missing data are ubiquitous in clinical trials, yet recent research suggests many statisticians and investigators appear uncertain how to handle them. The objective is to set out a principled approach for handling missing data in clinical trials, and provide examples and code to facilitate its adoption. Data sources: An asthma trial from GlaxoSmithKline, a asthma trial from AstraZeneca, and a dental pain trial from GlaxoSmithKline. Methods: Part I gives a non-technical review how missing data are typically handled in clinical trials, and the issues raised by missing data. When faced with missing data, we show no analysis can avoid making additional untestable assumptions. This leads to a proposal for a systematic, principled approach for handling missing data in clinical trials, which in turn informs a critique of current Committee of Proprietary Medicinal Products guidelines for missing data, together with many of the ad-hoc statistical methods currently employed. Part II shows how primary analyses in a range of settings can be carried out under the so-called missing at random assumption. This key assumption has a central role in underpinning the most important classes of primary analysis, such as those based on likelihood. However its validity cannot be assessed from the data under analysis, so in Part III, two main approaches are developed and illustrated for the assessment of the sensitivity of the primary analyses to this assumption. Results: The literature review revealed missing data are often ignored, or poorly handled in the analysis. Current guidelines, and frequently used ad-hoc statistical methods are shown to be flawed. A principled, yet practical, alternative approach is developed, which examples show leads inferences with greater validity. SAS code is given to facilitate its direct application. Conclusions: From the design stage onwards, a principled approach to handling missing data should be adopted. Such an approach follows well-defined and accepted statistical arguments, using models and assumptions that are transparent, and hence open to criticism and debate. This monograph outlines how this principled approach can be practically, and directly, applied to the majority of trials with longitudinal follow-up.
A Cross Sectional Analysis Of Dietary Practices And Nutrition Status Of Female Undergratuate Students At Kenyatta University, Kenya

Background The rapid changes in eating habits and lifestyles in Kenya have resulted to the overweight/obesity transition. Students are likely to make poor food choices which may affect their nutrition status during the beginning of college and this may continue throughout their life. This study aimed to establish the dietary practices, assess nutrition status based on body mass index and the relationship between selected dietary practices and nutrition status of female undergraduate students at Kenyatta University, Kenya.Method s: The study adopted a cross-sectional analytical design involving sample of 422 female undergraduate students randomly selected from Kenyatta University. Food Frequency Questionnaire and the Minimum Dietary Diversity – Women were used to assess dietary practices. Weight and height were measured to assess the nutrition status of the female students.Results The results showed that 64.0% of the participants had consumed ≥ 5 food groups while 36% had consumed <5 food groups over a period of 24 hours. In terms of nutrition status, 68.4% of the participants had normal BMI while 23.9% were overweight, 5.55% were underweight and 2.3% were obese MDDS-W was significantly associated with nutrition status (p=0.044). Conclusion The results illustrated unhealthy eating habits and sub-optimal nutrition status among a significant number of the female students. Policy makers should scale up interventions that would help improve dietary practices of women of reproductive age particularly university students.
Intimate P artner Violence and Unintended Pregnancy in Azerbaijan, Moldova, and Ukraine

Objectives: The study examines the relationship between intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy in three countries of the former Soviet Union, where abortions were safe, easily available to women, and often used as a form of birth control. Methods: The study uses data from the nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Moldova (2005), Azerbaijan (2006), and Ukraine (2007). The original sample size is restricted to ever-married (or cohabitating) women of reproductive age (N=1,620 in Azerbaijan, N=1,377 in Moldova, and N=545 in Ukraine) who completed the survey‟s Domestic Violence Module and who had a pregnancy in the past five years. Using multinomial logistic regression, the study compares outcomes of last pregnancy (wanted birth, unintended birth, and abortion) by exposure to lifetime intimate partner violence committed by the most recent partner. Results: Women who ever experienced physical or sexual violence from their partners showed consistently higher risks of unintended pregnancy across the three countries. After adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, lifetime contraceptive use, and previous use of abortions, the study found that women with a history of intimate partner violence demonstrated higher risks of their last pregnancy ending in abortion (aRRR=2.1, 95% CI=1.4, 3.2 in Azerbaijan and aRRR=1.6, 95% CI=1.1, 2.3 in Moldova) or in unwanted live birth (aRRR=4.8, 95% CI=1.8, 12.7 in Ukraine). Conclusions: Women exposed to physical or sexual violence from their partners demonstrated significantly higher risks of unintended pregnancy compared with women never exposed to intimate partner violence. The study emphasizes the need for developing programs that integrate reproductive health and intimate partner violence components to reduce the risk of unintended births and abortions among women living with abusive partners in countries of the former Soviet Union.