Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DIVERSE COMMUNITIES, COMMON CONCERNS: ASSESSING HEALTH CARE QUALITY FOR MINORITY AMERICANS FINDINGS FROM THE COMMONWEALTH FUND 2001 HEALTH CARE QUALITY SURVEY

This report presents the results of a survey on the care experiences of patients of various racial and ethnic backgrounds. The survey reveals that on a wide range of health care quality measures minority Americans do not fare as well as whites. African Americans, Asian Americans, and Hispanics are more likely than whites to experience difficulty communicating with their physician, to feel that they are treated with disrespect when receiving health care, to experience barriers to access to care, and to feel they would receive better care if they were of a different race or ethnicity. The report provides recommendations based on the results of the survey, including placing a greater emphasis on cultural and linguistic competence.
Single split-course Cycle of CHOP Chemotherapy resulting in long-term disease-free Survival in a Patient with advanced and aggressive T-cell Non-

Summary We describe the successful chemotherapy of a patient with high-grade, high-risk T-cell-Non-Hodgkins lymphoma with only one standard-dose CHOP-chemotherapy given in a split-course fashion at a seven-day interval. The atypical and incomplete chemotherapy in this patient was mandated by extraneous circumstances, the patient being in septic multiorgan failure at initial therapy. Due to the slow physical recuperation of the patient, timely continuation of the planned chemotherapy protocol was impossible. Staging examinations during the recovery process then surprisingly showed a complete pathological remission of all lymphoma manifestations. Therefore, no further therapy was given. The patient has now been in complete remission for more than ten years. We attempt an interpretation of this counter-intuitive course of disease by taking the unique constellation of medical and haematological features into account that were present at the beginning of therapy. The case history vividly documents the wide variability in the clinical course of patients with Non-Hodgkins lymphoma dependent on coexisting medical conditions, histological and molecular characteristics, and form of chemotherapy chosen. The truly fortuitous clinical observation made in this case may serve as reminder of the necessity to develop a better understanding of inter-individual differences in lymphoma biology before anti-lymphoma is instituted.
Stellenwert der autologen Chondrozytentransplantation (ACT) in der Behandlung von Knorpelschäden des Kniegelenks – Empfehlungen der AG Klinische Geweberegeneration der DGOU

Zusammenfassung Die autologe Chondrozytentransplantation oder -implantation (ACT/ACI) stellt ein anerkanntes und etabliertes Verfahren zur Behandlung lokalisiert vollschichtiger Knorpelschäden des Kniegelenks dar. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit der Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Klinische Geweberegeneration“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DGOU) beschreibt zunächst die Biologie und Funktionsweise des gesunden Gelenkknorpels, die aktuelle Kenntnislage zu den möglichen Folgen eines primären Knorpelschadens und anschließend den geeigneten Indikationsbereich der ACT. Zusammenfassend besteht vor dem Hintergrund der derzeitigen Evidenzlage die Indikation zur ACT bei symptomatischen Knorpelschäden ab einer Defektgröße von 3–4 cm2, bei jungen und sportlich aktiven Patienten ab 2,5 cm2. Fortgeschrittene degenerative Gelenkveränderungen stellen die wichtigste Kontraindikation dar. Neben wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen werden die Ergebnisse klinischer Studien, sowie die Vor- und Nachteile der ACT im Rahmen dieser Übersicht dargestellt und diskutiert.
Vocal tract dimensional characteristics of professional male and female singers with different types of singing voices

This study investigated the relationship between the singers’ singing voice classification and their vocal tract length, volume, and vowel formant frequencies. Five tenors, 5 baritones, 13 sopranos, and 5 mezzo-sopranos were included in this study. This study used the acoustic pharyngometer (ART) to measure the length and volume of the participants’ vocal tract. The first three formant frequencies of vowels produced by the participants were analyzed with Praat. The results showed that higher singing voice types have higher formant frequencies. Baritones had greater vocal tract volume than tenors. These indicated that, besides vocal tract length, vocal tract volume may also affects the formant formation, and thus the singing voice classification.
Spectrum of Chest Radiographic Findings of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Virus Infection in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients in Siriraj Hospital

Objective: To evaluate chest radiographic findings of hospitalized pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection in Siriraj Hospital, during June to August 2009. Methods: A total of 43 hospitalized pediatric patients with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection between June and August 2009 were included. Initial and follow up chest radiographs were retrospectively reviewed by two pediatric radiologists. Radiographic abnormalities were evaluated in pattern, distribution, and extension. Associated pleural abnormality, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and hilar lymphadenopathy were also reviewed. Results: Of 43 included cases, 22 were males and 21 were females, whose age ranged from 6-168 months (mean 75.58, median 74). Negative chest radiograph were found in 3 of 43 cases (6.98%). Most common radiographic abnormalities were peribronchial opacification (93.02%), patchy opacification (79.07%) and confluent opacification (13.95%). These lesions tended to be multifocal (73.42%), bilateral (74.83%) and centrally located (43.36%). Most of the cases improved clinically after medical treatment although, one of our cases died from superimposed ARDS. Most of the cases had clinical improvement after medical treatment with an average length of stay 10.8 days, although, one of them died from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Conclusion: Most of hospitalized pediatric patients with H1N1 influenza virus infection had abnormal chest radiographs. The most common pattern was peribronchial opacification followed by patchy opacification and confluent opacification which trended to be multifocal, bilateral and centrally located.
Automatic trading using stochastic methods

In this thesis, we develop algorithms for automatic trading and execution strategies for institutional investors. In the first part, we develop optimal execution strategies for traders who trade continuously using only market orders and account for stochastic trading impact. There are a great variety of impacts in the electronic trading market which may affect the performance of trading strategies in a direct or indirect manner. To understand the way of measuring and taking control of the effects potentially caused by these impacts, some of traders opt to simulate the impacts by using mathematical models such as stochastic control theories. These attempts help traders to find solutions, such as how to develop an optimal execution strategy by solving Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations and how these strategies affect trading. In the second part, we focus on a new market, the cryptocurrencies’ market, and find out the pairs trading strategies for the buy-side investors. We introduce the traditional trading model, Almgren-Chriss model in Chapter 2, and use it to benchmark the performance of the strategies we proposed. Chapters 3 and 4 illustrate how agents or sell-side traders interact in the market when stochastic market impacts and latency impact are modelled. We also explore the numerical methods and closed-form expression to obtain the optimal execution strategy. In Chapter 5, we analyse how to execute by using co-integrated pairs trading as a buy-
Behaviour and effects of peripheral olfactory ensheathing cells transplanted at the site of acute spinal cord injury

Mammalian olfactory neurons are replenished from a progenitor pool in the PNS and extend axons into the CNS throughout adult life. This capacity for neurits outgrowth has been attributed in part to olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), glia that fasciculate olfactory axons in both the PNS and the CNS. When transplanted at or near the site of spinal cord injury (SCI) in rodents, OECs from the olfactory bulb of rodents and humans have elicited regeneration and remyelination of damaged axons, sometimes with concomitant functional recovery. As a result, OECs have emerged as candidates for autologous transplantation to repair human SCI, and Phase I clinical trials are underway. OECs from the olfactory bulb have been isolated and examined in culture and after transplantation into animal SCI for more than a decade; however, their behaviour upon transplantation remains ambiguous, as they lack a defining molecular marker, and the mechanism of OEC-mediated repair of SCI remains debatable. More pertinent to the use of OECs in the clinic is the dearth of experiments testing the efficacy of OECs derived from the lamina propria (LP-OECs), the source of OECs for clinical autotransplantation. Here, LP-OECs were purified from GFP-expressing mice and transplanted at the site of acute dorsolateral funiculus crush in immunosuppressed rats and mice; spinal cords were examined histologically at 48h, 7d, 28d and 60d (rats) and 28 d (mice). LP-OECs had limited survival and migration in both rats and mice: after 28d, LP-OECs were confined to the lesion site in both species, and no LP-OECs were encountered in rat spinal cords after 60d. However, LPOECs prevented cavitation and altered astrogliosis: after 28d, the lesion sites of LP-OEC transplanted animals contained many axons, as well as Schwann cells and new blood vessels, both of which might provide a scaffold for axonal growth. Serotonergic and noradrenergic
Preclinical exploration of novel small molecules as anticancer agents in triple-negative and HER2/neu-positive breast cancers

Tamoxifen is a mainstay in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients. While tamoxifen’s efficacy has been attributed to induction of tumor cell growth arrest and apoptosis by inhibition of ER signaling, recent evidence indicates that tamoxifen possesses ER-independent antitumor activities. Here, we use OSU-03012, a small-molecule inhibitor of phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK-1) to address the hypothesis that PDK-1/Akt signaling represents a therapeutically relevant target to sensitize ER-negative breast cancer to tamoxifen. OSU-03012 sensitized both ER-positive MCF-7 and ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells to the antiproliferative effects of tamoxifen in an ER-independent manner. Flow cytometric analysis of phosphatidylserine externalization revealed that this augmented suppression of cell viability was attributable to a marked enhancement of tamoxifeninduced apoptosis by OSU-03012. Mechanistically, this OSU-03012-mediated sensitization was associated with suppression of a transient tamoxifen-induced elevation of Akt phosphorylation, and enhanced modulation of the functional status of multiple Akt downstream effectors, including FOXO3a, GSK3α/β, and p27. The 12 growth of established MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts was suppressed by 50% after oral treatment with the combination of tamoxifen (60 mg/kg) and OSU-03012 (100 mg/kg), whereas OSU-03012 and tamoxifen alone suppressed growth by 30% and 0%, respectively. These findings indicate that the inhibition of PDK-1/Akt signaling to sensitize ER-negative breast cancer cells to the ER-independent antitumor activities of tamoxifen represents a feasible approach to extending the use of tamoxifen to a broader population of breast cancer patients. Considering the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies for ER-negative breast cancer patients, this combinatorial approach is worthy of continued investigation.
A Novel Marker Demonstrating Endothelial Dysfunction in Behçet's Disease, YKL-40

Background: To evaluate the relationship between disease activity and levels of YKL-40 in patients with Behcet’s disease (BD). Methods: Twenty five active and twenty six inactive BD patients and 24 age and gender matched healthy control subjects were included in the study. Serum YKL-40 levels were measured using Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ng/mL). Disease activity was assessed using Behcet’s Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF). Results: Serum YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in patients with active BD and inactive BD compared to the control group (respectively p<0.001, p< 0.001). There were no significant differences between active and inactive BD groups in terms of levels of YKL-40 (p=0.9). According to Pearson’s analysis, YKL-40 levels were significantly positively correlated with Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and skin lesions of BDCAF scores. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that serumYKL-40 level was significantly higher in active and inactive BD compared to healthy controls. However, the groups with active and inactive disease had no significant difference with respect to YKL-40 level. In addition, there existed a significant correlation between serum YKL-40 level and ESR, CRP, and BDCAF’s skin scores.
Intestinal parasites in AIDS and HIV-positive patients in Uberlandia Minas Gerais Brazil.

The prevalence of intestinal parasites was assessed in samples of AIDS and HIV-positive patients in Uberlandia Minas Gerais Brazil and compared with the prevalence in an HIV-negative control group of patients. Parasite prevalence was determined through the retrospective analysis of medical files for 291 patients cared for at the Federal University of Uberlandias Clinical Hospital Infirmary of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases between January 1990 and December 1994. There were 238 people with AIDS and 53 with HIV infection. Relevant data on these patients were compared to that for a control group comprised of 897 other attended patients. Based upon the analysis of patients fecal matter 16.4% of the patients with AIDS 9.4% of HIV-infected patients and 7.7% of the control group were diagnosed with parasites. AIDS patients were aged 4-60 years HIV-infected patients 22-23 years old and the control group patients 1-76 years. Approximately 80% of the AIDS and HIV-infected patients were male compared to only 58.7% of the control group. In the AIDS patient group there were 32 cases of monoparasitism 5 cases of biparasitism and 2 cases of polyparasitism. AIDS patients had significantly more parasites than did members of the control group.
Passive smoking and low birthweight [letter]

Studies have demonstrated a significant relationship between passive smoking and low birthweight. Here the authors present evidence from Shanghai where few young mothers smoked. All 1163 babies born between June 1 and Dec 31 1981 and living in the neighborhoods of Nan-Jing Western Road and Yan-An Western Road in Jing-An District Shanghai were selected for study. A self-administered questionnaire was posted to every childs home to be completed by the parents or guardians. No mothers were smokers. Of 1058 infants 764 (72.2%) were born into households with 1 smoker or more; in 612 (57.8%) cases the father smoked. Passive exposure of the mother to tobacco smoke was estimated by the daily cigarette consumption of the father and by total family members respectively. The table shows that passive smoke was not significantly related to either mean birthweight or the rate of low birthweight. Possible confounders including infants sex parity fathers education maternal age at birth and average income were examined with multiple linear and logistic regressions: no factors were found to change the results. Our study does rule out the maternal antenatal smoking effect. But the causes of fetal growth retardation are complicated and many physiological and environmental factors related to low birthweight may also be associated with passive exposure to tobacco smoke. To clarify the issue these factors need to be taken into consideration in designing further studies. (authors modified)
Interactive functional networks in microbiota

The aim of this thesis was to elucidate how various microbial communities work, with a focus on next generation sequencing data. The introduction in chapter 1 focuses on the history of biology, how the field of systems biology arose, and how the rise of nucleic acid sequencing has shaped a completely new field (among others), the microbiome research. In chapter 2, an overview is given how the microbiota can be studied, in connection to metabolic syndrome and its sub-pathologies, including obesity, type II diabetes, elevated blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. We summarize which different methodologies (16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics) can be used to investigate the microbiome with different foci, and how as a next step the microbiome can be modelled, in vitro and in silico. Chapter 3 describes the genome and transcriptome of the rat gut commensal Romboutsia ilealis CRIBT. We characterized genomic properties, including those related to metabolism and sporulation abilities. The transcriptome allowed us to investigate the organism’s carbohydrate degradation abilities, including its potential regulation. Chapter 4 is an investigation of an in vitro fermentation system, inoculated with human faecal material and the potential prebiotic Isomalto/malto-polysaccharides. The metatranscriptome of this system gave an insight into which genes are involved in the carbohydrate degradation, and which different types of organisms are involved and potentially need to cooperate for a full utilization of this carbohydrate. In chapter 5, the cow rumen microbiota is investigated under different feeding regimes. The metatranscriptome of the cow rumen microbiota showed distinct patterns depending on the ratio of starch or cellulose enriched feed components, namely maize vs. grass silage. The increase in starch led to a decrease in methane emissions of the cow rumen microbiota, which was reflected in the metatranscriptomics data. Most notably, lower expression levels of genes encoding for proteins involved in methanogenic pathways of the rumen archaeon Methanobrevibacter smithii was observed. The last chapter, the general discussion, mainly discusses the research described in this thesis with a focus on the relevant issues with modelling microbial communities, as well as overall scientific integrity in relationship with microbiome research.
BREECH PRESENTATION AND CESAREAN SECTION IN TERM NULLIPAROUS WOMEN

Objective: To examine pregnancy outcome in nulliparous women with single term breech presentation. Methods: Two departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the same hospital used different approaches to deliver nulliparous women with singleton breech presentation at term. One department (A) delivered by trial of labor and the other (B) delivered by elective cesarean section. Prospectively and blinded to obstetric condition, parturients were assigned to either department in a systematic alternate fashion. The study period covered 8 years (1985-1992). The pregnancy outcome parameters examined were: Apgar score, intra- and postpartum death and maternal and neonatal morbidity. Neonatal morbidity was classified in three major categories: non-neurological trauma, neurological signs and respiratory problems. Results: The study included 264 women of whom 135 delivered in department A and 129 in department B. Department A had 35 vaginal and 100 cesarean births and department B 10 vaginal and 119 cesarean births. There was no intra-partum death and the only post-partum death occurred among vaginal deliveries. The Apgar score was significantly worse at 1 and 5 min in vaginally delivered babies of department B. Neonatal morbidity was significantly more frequent after vaginal births (P < 0.01). Maternal morbidity was significantly higher following cesarean sections (P < 0.01). Babies of vaginal deliveries had significantly higher non-neurological trauma (P < 0.01) and pathological neurological signs (P < 0.01) than those delivered by the abdominal route. Conclusion: The level of risk for mother and child in the nulliparous with term singleton breech, suggests cesarean section as the preferred route of delivery.
Placenta Accreta: A Mini Review

Placenta accreta is a potentially life threatening condition where chorionic villi invade into the myometrium. Based on the degree of invasion, it has been graded into three categories; accrete when chorionic villi attach to myometrium rather than being restricted to deciduas basal is, increta when they invade into the myometrium and percreta when they invade through the myometrium.Among the patients with abnormal placental attachment, placenta accrete comprise of 81.6%, increta of 11.8% and percreta of 6.6% [1].
PS-042 Myokine Irisin Is Down-regulated In Fetal Growth Restriction

Background/aim Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) causes adaptations that program future propensity to obesity-related metabolic diseases, partly due to mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle, which is the major site of postprandial glucose disposal. Furthermore, IUGR fetuses present with compromised thermoregulation and susceptibility to hypothermia at birth, due to diminished insulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Irisin has recently been introduced as a novel myokine, which induces browning of the subcutaneous adipose tissue and consequent thermogenesis, while improving glucose metabolic parameters, such as insulin sensitivity and signalling. We aimed to prospectively investigate fetal circulating irisin concentrations in IUGR versus normal pregnancies and correlate them with various perinatal factors. Subjects and methods Plasma irisin concentrations were determined by ELISA in 50 mixed arteriovenous cord blood samples from IUGR (n = 30) and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA, n = 20) singleton full-term pregnancies. Results Fetal irisin concentrations were lower in IUGR cases, compared to AGA controls (p = 0.031). No association was recorded between cord blood irisin concentrations and maternal age, parity, gestational age, delivery mode or fetal gender in both groups. Conclusions The well-documented impaired skeletal muscle metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in IUGR fetuses may account for their irisin deficiency, which may be part of the fetal programming process, leading to increased susceptibility to later development of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Furthermore, irisin down-regulation may represent an additional mechanism underlying the susceptibility of IUGR infants to hypothermia at birth, by inducing less “browning” of their already diminished subcutaneous adipose tissue and consequently less non-shivering thermogenesis at birth.