Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of Mental Health Nurse Consultants on the care of general hospital patients experiencing concurrent mental health conditions: An integrative literature review

Abstract Mental Health Nurse Consultants are advanced practice mental health nurses who consult with nurses and other health professionals in a general hospital setting. The aim of this review was to analyse and synthesize the available evidence related to the impact of Mental Health Nurse Consultants on the care of general hospital patients experiencing concurrent mental health conditions. The integrative literature review method was utilized as it allows for the inclusion and integration of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research which produces a synthesized understanding of data to inform practice, policy, and research. The Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses guided the search strategy. All published studies examining the impact of clinical consultations provided by Mental Health Nurse Consultants on the mental health care of general hospital patients were included. The 19 selected articles were from North America, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Europe. Fifteen were quantitative, three were qualitative, and one used mixed methods. The findings highlight the role is generally positively received by hospital staff. The results indicate that clinical consultations provided by Mental Health Nurse Consultants (i) may improve patient experiences of mental health conditions, (ii) influence aspects of care delivery, (iii) are valued by staff, particularly nurses, and (iv) increase staff competence and confidence in the provision of mental health care. The review highlighted significant limitations of the available evidence, the need for contemporary discussion and debate of MHNC theory and practice, and further evaluation of the role to inform future service delivery.
Combination of Two Synchrotron Radiation-Based Techniques and Chemometrics to Study an Enhanced Natural Remineralization of Enamel

The limitations to assess dental enamel remineralization have been overcome by a methodology resulting from the appropriate combination of synchrotron radiation-based techniques on both, infrared microspectroscopy and micro X-ray diffraction, with the help of specific data mining. Since amelogenin plays a key role in modulating the mineralization of tooth enamel, we propose a controlled ion release for fluorapatite structural ions (Ca2+, PO43–, and F–, also including Zn2+) by using weak acid and weak base ion-exchange resins in the presence of amelogenin to remineralize the surface of etched teeth. This combination provides the necessary ions for enamel remineralization and a guide for crystal growth due to the protein. Remineralized tooth samples were analyzed by applying the indicated methodology. The synchrotron data were treated using principal component analysis and multivariate curve resolution to analyze the mineral layer formed in the presence and absence of amelogenin. The remineralizing treatment created a fluorapatite layer free of carbonate impurities and with a similar orientation to that of the natural enamel thanks to amelogenin contribution.
P300 Following Four Voluntarily Regulated Yoga Breathing Practices and Breath Awareness

Attention was influenced by yoga breathing in previously published research. Each yoga breathing practice uniquely modifies specific breath characteristics. Differences in the study designs, assessment methods and interventions resulted in difficulty in comparing effects between yoga breathing practices. This study aimed (i) to compare four yoga breathing practices on attention using an auditory oddball task and (ii) to determine cardiac autonomic activity associated with attention using heart rate variability. P300 event related potential was recorded simultaneously with heart rate variability before and after 18-minute periods each of (i) high frequency yoga breathing (with increased breath frequency), (ii) bellows yoga breathing (with increased depth of respiration), (iii) alternate nostril yoga breathing (with alternate nostril patency), (iv) bumblebee yoga breathing (with prolonged exhale), (v) breath awareness (with attention to the breath) and (vi) quiet seated rest as control in 38 yoga experienced males (average age ± SD; 24.08 ± 4.01 years). The six sessions were on separate, randomly allocated days. The P300 peak amplitude recorded at Pz was significantly increased after four yoga breathing practices (Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc tests, repeated measures ANOVA). No significant changes were noted in heart rate variability following yoga breathing or control sessions. These findings suggest that the four yoga breathing practices increase the attentional neural resources engaged for this auditory oddball task, irrespective of the characteristic of breath uniquely regulated in the four yoga breathing practices.
Amenders and Avoiders: an examination of guilt and shame for toddlers and their older siblings

ABSTRACT Guilt- and shame-prone responding were examined in a sample of 146, 18-month-old toddlers and their older siblings (M = 49.5 months, SD = 10.4) during mishap tasks which were used to differentiate both toddlers and their older siblings into Amenders (low avoidance) and Avoiders (high avoidance). Toddlers and older siblings classified as Amenders expressed more concern and were less distressed by the mishap than Avoiders. Children were divided into four groups: Amender-Amender (older sibling-toddler), Amender-Avoider, Avoider-Avoider, and Avoider-Amender to examine differences in sibling interaction and moral development. Older siblings in the Avoider-Avoider group were significantly more aggressive and less empathic toward toddlers than older siblings in the Avoider-Amender group. Toddlers in the Amender-Amender, Amender-Avoider, and Avoider-Amender groups showed significant gains in moral regulation from 18 to 24 months whereas toddlers in the Avoider-Avoider group did not. In contrast, while older siblings were generally high on moral regulation when toddlers were 18 months, this was not the case for older siblings in the Avoider-Avoider group, who had lower moral regulation scores that significantly increased over time. Findings are discussed with respect to the significance of sibling socialisation for toddlers’ developing moral sensibility.
Farm Productivity and Household Market Participation: Evidence from LSMS Data

We analyze the correlation between farm productivity and market participation using comparable household data from Tanzania, Vietnam and Guatemala. Each farm’s input use and output levels provide a within-sample measure of relative productivity, which we relate to that household’s level of participation in local markets using a wide range of agricultural, demographic and infrastructural variables as controls and as instruments in two-stage regressions. Results indicate that, controlling for differences in market access and the underlying determinants of market participation, households with higher productivity have greater participation in agricultural markets. In contrast, households with greater rates of market participation do not consistently demonstrate higher levels of relative productivity. This result holds only in Vietnam and Guatemala, however. In the Tanzania sample we find no significant correlation in either direction. Combining household surveys in this way offers a promising approach to testing the robustness of key hypotheses across countries and over time.
Does being conceived by assisted reproductive technology influence adult quality of life?

Abstract Numerous studies have investigated the physical health and development of children and adolescents conceived with assisted reproductive technology (ART). Less is known about the quality of life of ART-conceived adults. This study explores the contributions of being conceived with ART and psychosocial cofactors present in young adulthood to the quality of life of adults aged 22–35 years. Young adults conceived through ART or natural conception (NC) completed questionnaires which included a standardized measure of quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life – Brief assessment (WHOQoL-BREF)) when aged 18–28 years (T1) and again when aged 22–35 years (T2). The WHOQoL-BREF has four domains: (i) Physical, (ii) Psychological, (iii) Social relationships and (iv) Environment. A total of 193 ART-conceived and 86 NC individuals completed both questionnaires. When accounting for other cofactors in multivariable analyses, being ART-conceived was strongly associated with higher scores (better quality of life) on the Social relationships, and Environment WHOQoL-BREF domains at T2. In addition, less psychological distress, a better relationship with parents, a better financial situation, and perceptions of being about the right weight at T1 were associated with higher scores on one or more of the WHOQoL-BREF domains at T2. In conclusion, being ART-conceived can confer advantages in quality of life in adulthood, independent of psychosocial cofactors.
Endosomal phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate controls synaptic vesicle cycling and neurotransmission

Neural circuit function requires mechanisms for controlling neurotransmitter release and the activity of neuronal networks, including modulation by synaptic contacts, synaptic plasticity, and homeostatic scaling. However, how neurons intrinsically monitor and feedback control presynaptic neurotransmitter release and synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling to restrict neuronal network activity remains poorly understood at the molecular level. Here, we investigated the reciprocal interplay between neuronal endosomes, organelles of central importance for the function of synapses, and synaptic activity. We show that elevated neuronal activity represses the synthesis of endosomal lipid phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate [PI(3)P] by the lipid kinase VPS34. Neuronal activity in turn is regulated by endosomal PI(3)P, the depletion of which reduces neurotransmission as a consequence of perturbed SV endocytosis. We find that this mechanism involves Calpain 2‐mediated hyperactivation of Cdk5 downstream of receptor‐ and activity‐dependent calcium influx. Our results unravel an unexpected function for PI(3)P‐containing neuronal endosomes in the control of presynaptic vesicle cycling and neurotransmission, which may explain the involvement of the PI(3)P‐producing VPS34 kinase in neurological disease and neurodegeneration.
Acidic nanoparticles protect against α‐synuclein‐induced neurodegeneration through the restoration of lysosomal function

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age‐related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, associated with the accumulation of misfolded α‐synuclein and lysosomal impairment, two events deemed interconnected. Protein aggregation is linked to defects in degradation systems such as the autophagy‐lysosomal pathway, while lysosomal dysfunction is partly related to compromised acidification. We have recently proven that acidic nanoparticles (aNPs) can re‐acidify lysosomes and ameliorate neurotoxin‐mediated dopaminergic neurodegeneration in mice. However, no lysosome‐targeted approach has yet been tested in synucleinopathy models in vivo. Here, we show that aNPs increase α‐synuclein degradation through enhancing lysosomal activity in vitro. We further demonstrate in vivo that aNPs protect nigral dopaminergic neurons from cell death, ameliorate α‐synuclein pathology, and restore lysosomal function in mice injected with PD patient‐derived Lewy body extracts carrying toxic α‐synuclein aggregates. Our results support lysosomal re‐acidification as a disease‐modifying strategy for the treatment of PD and other age‐related proteinopathies.
X-RAY SPECTRAL VARIABILITY IN NGC 3783

NGC 3783 was observed for approximately 210 ks by Suzaku and in this time showed significant spectral and flux variability at both short (20 ks) and long (100 ks) timescales. The full observation is found to consist of approximately six “spectral periods” where the behavior of the soft (0.3–1.0 keV) and hard (2–10 keV) bands are somewhat distinct. Using a variety of methods we find that the strong warm absorber present in this source does not change on these timescales, confirming that the broadband variability is intrinsic to the central source. The time-resolved difference-spectra are well modeled with an absorbed power law below 10 keV, but show an additional hard excess at ≈20 keV in the latter stages of the observation. This suggests that, in addition to the variable power law, there is a further variable component that varies with time but not monotonically with flux. We show that a likely interpretation is that this further component is associated with variations in the reflection fraction or possibly ionization state of the accretion disk a few gravitational radii from the black hole.
Sensitivity of rift tectonics to global variability in the efficiency of river erosion

Significance The efficiency of erosion in leveling relief mainly depends on climate and strength of exposed rocks. However, whether erosion is sufficiently efficient to influence the architecture of a tectonic plate boundary remains a topic of debate. Here, we analyze continental rift landscapes reworked by river incision to assess a globally representative range of fluvial erosion efficiency. We then simulate crustal extension exposed to surface processes acting within this documented range. We find that more efficient erosion favors the growth of half-grabens over horsts, which can explain contrasting tectonic styles across the Basin and Range province and the East African Rift. This suggests that variability in Earth’s geological structures partly reflects variability in hydrological conditions and associated surface processes.
Neural Algorithms and Circuits for Motor Planning.

The brain plans and executes volitional movements. The underlying patterns of neural population activity have been explored in the context of movements of the eyes, limbs, tongue, and head in nonhuman primates and rodents. How do networks of neurons produce the slow neural dynamics that prepare specific movements and the fast dynamics that ultimately initiate these movements? Recent work exploits rapid and calibrated perturbations of neural activity to test specific dynamical systems models that are capable of producing the observed neural activity. These joint experimental and computational studies show that cortical dynamics during motor planning reflect fixed points of neural activity (attractors). Subcortical control signals reshape and move attractors over multiple timescales, causing commitment to specific actions and rapid transitions to movement execution. Experiments in rodents are beginning to reveal how these algorithms are implemented at the level of brain-wide neural circuits. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 45 is July 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Urination Frequency Ranges in Healthy Women

Background Limited information on the normal range of urination frequencies in women is available to guide bladder health promotion efforts. Objectives This study used data from the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey to (a) estimate normative reference ranges in daytime and nighttime urination frequencies in healthy women based on two operational definitions of “healthy” and (b) compare urination frequencies by age, race/ethnicity, and fluid intake. Methods A secondary analysis of cross-sectional interview data collected from female participants was performed using less restrictive (“healthy”) and strict (“elite healthy”) inclusion criteria. All analyses were weighted to account for the BACH sampling design. Normative reference values corresponding to the middle 95% of the distribution of daytime and nighttime urination frequencies were calculated overall and stratified by age, race/ethnicity, and fluid intake. Generalized linear regression with a log-link was used to estimate rate ratios of daytime and nighttime urination frequencies by age, race/ethnicity, and fluid intake. Results Of the 2,534 women who completed the BACH follow-up interviews, 1,505 women met healthy eligibility criteria, and 300 met elite healthy criteria. Overall, reference ranges for urination frequencies were 2–10 times/day and 0–4 times/night in healthy women and 2–9 times/day and 0–2 times/night in elite healthy women. Women ages 45–64 years, but not 65+ years, reported a greater number of daytime urination than those aged 31–44 years, whereas women 65+ years reported a greater number of nighttime urination. Black women reported fewer daytime urination and more nighttime urinations than White women. Women who consumed less than 49 oz daily reported fewer daytime and nighttime urinations than those who drank 50–74 oz; drinking 75+ oz had only a small effect on urination frequencies. Discussion Normative reference values for daytime and nighttime urination frequencies were similar in women using strict and relaxed definitions of health. These results indicate a wide range of “normal” urination frequencies, with some differences by age, race/ethnicity, and fluid intake. Future research is needed to examine urination frequencies in minority women and whether fluid intake amount and type influence the development of lower urinary tract symptoms.
Bite-size introduction to canine hematologic malignancies

Abstract Hematologic malignancies are frequently diagnosed in dogs and result in a spectrum of clinical signs associated with specific disease types. The most frequently encountered hematologic tumors in dogs include lymphoma, lymphoid and myeloid leukemias, and mast cell, plasma cell, and histiocytic neoplasias. Coupled with the heterogeneous presentations of the different categories and subtypes of canine hematologic malignancies, outcomes for these tumors are also variable. Considering this, appropriate treatment options range from active surveillance to curative intent approaches harnessing surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiation-based modalities. The underlying pathology of many of these diseases bears remarkable resemblance to that of the corresponding diagnosis made in human patients. We introduce some of the pathogenic drivers of canine hematologic cancers alongside their clinical presentations. An overview of standard-of-care therapies for each of these diseases is also provided. As comparative oncology gains recognition as a valuable setting in which to investigate the pathogenesis of neoplasia and provide powerful, clinically relevant, immunocompetent models for the evaluation of novel therapies, the number of clinicians and scientists participating in cancer research involving dogs is expected to increase. This review aims at providing an introductory overview of canine hematologic malignancies.
Why do Beijing Universities play important roles in regional innovation systems? Based on resource-based view

Universities are not only the pool that generates graduates and technologies, but they are also important actors in industry by carrying out university-industry collaborations or creating new firms. Since Chinese openness and economic reform started in 1978, Beijing has achieved large successes in terms of knowledge creation, technology diffusion and university spin-offs (USOs), such as Tsinghua Tongfang of Tsinghua University and Founder Group of Peking University. The purpose of this study is to provide insight into the relationships between universities and regional innovation systems (RIS), based on the case of Beijing, China. Consequently, the authors discussed how and why Beijing universities might affect RIS in terms of academic resources, industrial resources, political resources, geographical proximity and academic entrepreneurship. Furthermore, several policy implications for universities and regional governments were drawn from the experience of Beijing. Key words: University, regional innovation systems (RIS), university spin-offs (USOs), university-industry collaborations, Beijing.
Monetary Policy Shocks and Firm-Level Equity Returns: A Panel Data Study of Malaysia

This paper investigates the effect of monetary policy shocks (domestic and international monetary policy) on Malaysian firm-level equity returns in a dynamic panel data framework. The results of the study revealed that firms’ stock returns have responded negatively to monetary policy shocks. Interestingly, the effect of domestic monetary policy shocks also have differential effects, having a statistically significant impact on small firms’ equity returns, but not on large firms’ stock returns. The effect of monetary policy shocks also varies according to the subsector of the economy in which firms are operating. The effect of international monetary policy upon equity returns is also heterogeneous by firm size and subsector of economic activity.
Not all is lost: Functional recovery in older adults following emergency general surgery

Not all is lost for older adults who experience functional decline following EGS admission – half will recover to independence. Fluctuations in function in the years following EGS may represent opportunities for interventions to promote rehabilitation and recovery. BACKGROUND Although functional decline and death are common long-term outcomes among older adults following emergency general surgery (EGS), we hypothesized that patients' postdischarge function may wax and wane over time. Periods of fluctuation in function may represent opportunities to intervene to prevent further decline. Our objective was to describe the functional trajectories of older adults following EGS admission. METHODS This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of all independent, community-dwelling older adults (age ≥65 years) in Ontario with an EGS admission (2006–2016). A multistate model was used to examine patients' functional trajectories over the 5 years following discharge. Patients were followed as they transitioned back and forth between functional independence, use of chronic home care (in-home assistance for personal care, homemaking, or medical care for at least 90 days), nursing home admission, and death. RESULTS We identified 78,820 older adults with an EGS admission (mean age, 77 years; 53% female). In the 5 years following admission, 32% (n = 24,928) required new chronic home care, 21% (n = 5,249) of whom had two or more episodes of chronic home care separated by periods of independence. The average time spent in chronic home care was 11 months, and 50% (n = 12,679) of chronic home care episodes ended with a return to independence. For patients requiring chronic home care at any time, the probability of returning to independent living during the subsequent 5 years ranged from 36% to 43% annually. CONCLUSION Not all is lost for older adults who experience functional decline following EGS admission. Half of those who require chronic home care will recover to independence, and one-third will have a durable recovery, remaining independent after 5 years. Fluctuations in function in the years following EGS may represent a unique opportunity for interventions to promote rehabilitation and recovery among older adults. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic and Epidemiologic; Level III.