Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pseudoinvariant Feature Selection Using Multitemporal MAD for Optical Satellite Images

Pseudoinvariant features (PIFs) are ground objects with invariant or near-invariant reflectance during data acquisition. The extraction of PIFs from optical satellite images generally plays a crucial role in relative radiometric normalization (RRN) and landcover change detection. Previous studies extract PIFs from bitemporal images while can generally obtain satisfactory results. However, they do not fully consider the problem of inconsistent PIF selection caused by performing pairwise PIF selection on more than two images. To decrease this inconsistency problem, a novel method called multitemporal and multivariate alteration detection (MMAD) is proposed. This method is based on a weighted generalized canonical correlation analysis, which solves canonical coefficients for multivariable and multitemporal data, thereby resulting in consistent PIF selection and RRN. In addition, a new weighting scheme based on pixel similarity, image quality, and temporal coherence is introduced into MMAD to reduce the sensitivity of PIF selection to landcover changes and to stably distinguish PIFs from non-PIFs. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of several multitemporal images acquired by Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre 5 are conducted to evaluate the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over related methods in terms of extracted PIF quality and radiometric consistency, particularly for image sequences with considerable landcover changes.
Dairy constraint analysis in Eritrea, with special emphasis on Asmara and surrounding dairy farms.

The objective of the study was to analyse the historical background and identify constraints of the dairy sub-sector in Eritrea. The population of interest consisted of dairy farmers located in and around the capital Asmara. Thirty dairy farmers were randomly selected and interviewed. Data on herd composition and breed, type and source of feed, type of mating, dairy housing, health, farmers' status, milk production and marketing, problems and constraints faced by dairy farmers were collected. Secondary data obtained from ASMDFCA were also subjected to cluster analysis to classify farmers according to their characteristic features (profile characteristics). Farmers were grouped with farmers of the same character. Interviewed farmers were characterised based on location, herd size, health, and farmers' status. Average herd size and lactation length were 1S.4±11 animals and 6-7 months, respectively. Common feed types used in the study area were cultivated forage, purchased forage, vegetable waste, grazing, hay/straw, industrial by-product, and compound feeds. Dairy farmers vary in their access to forage. A high proportion of peri-urban farmers has access to cultivated forage while a large proportion of urban farmers has access to purchased forage. Usage of cultivated and purchased forage was associated with location (p<O.OS). Natural, AI and combined systems of mating were used by 86.7%, 3.3%, and 10% of farmers, respectively. Both urban and periurban farmers use in-door systems of housing. Foot and mouth disease (FMD), lumpy skin disease, nutritional disorders, mastitis, abortion, tuberculosis and digital problems were the most prevalent diseases. Dairying was considered by a majority (73%) of farmers as a primary means of income but by 27% as a part time means of earning additional income. A large amount (67%) of milk produced was marketed through formal channels while the rest (23%) was sold directly to consumers. Three clusters with respectively, 47.04%, 4S.06% and 7.91% urban and 37.13%, 61.S6% and 1.3% peri-urban farmers were identified. Clusters 1,2, and 3, had 1O±0.6, S±O.S and 23±1.82 cows, respectively and produced 49.7±3.4Skg, 24.3±3.02kg and 117±10.73 kg of milk/farm/day. Shortage ofland and feed, and lack of co-ordination were
Review of Applications of Density Functional Theory (DFT) Quantum Mechanical Calculations to Study the High-Pressure Polymorphs of Organic Crystalline Materials

Since its inception, chemistry has been predominated by the use of temperature to generate or change materials, but applications of pressure of more than a few tens of atmospheres for such purposes have been rarely observed. However, pressure is a very effective thermodynamic variable that is increasingly used to generate new materials or alter the properties of existing ones. As computational approaches designed to simulate the solid state are normally tuned using structural data at ambient pressure, applying them to high-pressure issues is a highly challenging test of their validity from a computational standpoint. However, the use of quantum chemical calculations, typically at the level of density functional theory (DFT), has repeatedly been shown to be a great tool that can be used to both predict properties that can be later confirmed by experimenters and to explain, at the molecular level, the observations of high-pressure experiments. This article’s main goal is to compile, analyze, and synthesize the findings of works addressing the use of DFT in the context of molecular crystals subjected to high-pressure conditions in order to give a general overview of the possibilities offered by these state-of-the-art calculations.
Remote sensing of vegetation dynamics in West Africa

Vegetation dynamics and the lives of millions of people in West Africa are closely interlinked with each other. The high annual variability of the phenological cycle considerably affects the agricultural population with late rainfalls and droughts, often resulting in serious food crises. On the other hand, the rapidly growing population has a great need for space due to expanding cities and a low agricultural efficiency. This situation, together with a changing climate, has had a strong impact on vegetation dynamics in West Africa and will play a major role in the future. The dynamic nature of vegetation in the region has attracted a lot of remote-sensing-based research in the past 30 years and has lead to heated discussions. This review article gives a comprehensive overview of the studies on remotely sensed vegetation dynamics in West Africa. After an introduction to the specific situation for vegetation dynamics in West Africa, the applied sensors and their suitability for the region are outlined. Research on the assessment of different plant parameters, on phenological metrics as well as on the monitoring of agricultural areas is outlined and discussed. Furthermore, a major part of this review is dedicated to the analyses undertaken to assess vegetation trends in West Africa over the past 30 years and their potential human and climatic causes. Finally, identified research gaps and challenges for future studies are discussed.
The psychological impacts of content moderation on content moderators: A qualitative study

Content moderation generally refers to the practice of monitoring user generated content and applying a set of rules defining what is acceptable. As a result, Content Moderators (CMs) are responsible for reviewing and removing harmful online material, which has the potential to cause psychological harm. However, little is known about the perceived impacts of the job. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 commercial CMs who were exposed to child sexual abuse material (CSAM) as part of their job. Interviews were analysed using framework analysis to investigate any psychological impacts. Results demonstrated that CMs manifested with a range of symptoms consistent with experiencing repeated trauma. This included experiencing intrusive thoughts of CSAM, triggered by situations with similar contexts to those encountered at work, avoidance of children and negative cognitive and emotional effects such as cynicism, anxiety and detachment. These symptoms fit into a framework of post traumatic and secondary traumatic stress and suggest CMs wellbeing and exposure to stressful stimuli may be comparable to professionals working in the emergency services or caring professions, such as social workers. These personnel are at heightened risk of various problems including compassion fatigue, vicarious trauma and burnout. Companies which employ moderators should learn from these comparable professions and provide psychoeducation and trauma-informed care to CMs which have been demonstrated to help mitigate these challenges.
STAIR and STAIR/NT as a Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress: A Systematic Review

Background: Current guidelines recommend phase-based approaches such as Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation/ Narrative Therapy (STAIR/NT) for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following complex traumatization. However, to date there is no systematic review on the efficacy of STAIR as initial treatment phase and STAIR/NT. Methods: Searching various databases, we conducted a systematic review on studies with and without control condition investigating the efficacy of STAIR, STAIR/NT, and their adaptations. Results: Overall, k = 10 studies (including 5 studies with control condition) on STAIR/-adaptations and k = 5 studies (including 4 studies with control condition) on STAIR/NT/-adaptations were identified. In 7 studies on STAIR/- and 4 studies on STAIR/NT/-adaptations, samples consisted of at-risk groups for complex traumatization. Both STAIR/- and STAIR/NT/-adaptations revealed positive effects on posttraumatic stress, affective dysregulation, and interpersonal problems. When compared to passive and active control conditions, STAIR/- and STAIR/NT/-adaptations were equally or more effective. Discussion: Findings on the efficacy of STAIR/- and STAIR/NT/-adaptations are mixed. Evidence is limited by the small number of studies, heterogeneous adaptations, often uncontrolled study designs, subclinical samples, and small sample sizes. Future studies should investigate the efficacy of STAIR/NT among patients with complex PTSD.
The Effect of Fermented Grains (koji) on Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Chicken Breasts

This study investigated the tenderizing and flavor-enhancing effects of koji, a fermented grain cultured with a single microorganism, on chicken breasts during curing. Chicken breasts were cured with different ingredients, including 4% (w/w) curing agent (GC), 5% (w/w) Aspergillus oryzae with rice (FR), A. oryzae with soybean (FS), and Bacillus subtilis with soybean (BS) for 4 h at 4 °C prior to cooking. After the superheated steam procedure, all samples were cooked in a convection oven, and their physicochemical properties were analyzed. Koji-treated samples exhibited significantly higher expressible moisture due to the degradation of the protein matrix (p < 0.05). Texture profile analysis showed that the tenderness of koji-treated samples was significantly higher than that of GC (p < 0.05). Furthermore, koji-treated samples were regarded as tenderer, and they were preferred over GC (p < 0.05) in the sensory evaluation. Principal attributes analysis revealed that the overall preference for koji-treated samples was highly correlated with umami, juiciness, and tenderness (p < 0.05). Overall, this study provides insights into applying koji as a potential curing treatment to improve the eating quality of chicken breasts. Koji can be used as a novel technology in the food industry to improve taste and tenderness simultaneously.
Efficacy of Single-Dose Praziquantel for the Treatment of Schistosoma mansoni Infections among School Children in Rwanda

Preventive chemotherapy with single-dose praziquantel is the WHO-recommended intervention strategy to eliminate schistosomiasis as a public health problem in endemic countries. Surveillance of drugs used in mass drug administration (MDA) programs is recommended to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing transmissions. After a decade-long implementation of a school-based MDA program in Rwanda, we conducted efficacy surveillance of single-dose praziquantel MDA against S. mansoni infection. Two weeks before MDA, stool examinations were performed to screen MDA-eligible school children (n = 4998) for S. mansoni infection using the Kato–Katz technique, and 265 (6.5%) children tested positive for the infection. All children received praziquantel and albendazole as preventive chemotherapy through the MDA campaign. Infected children were enrolled and followed for efficacy monitoring, and stool examination was repeated after three weeks post-MDA (n = 188). Before treatment, 173 (92%) had a light infection, and 15 (8%) had a moderate infection intensity. The primary and secondary outcomes were parasitological cure and egg reduction rates at three weeks post-treatment. The overall cure and egg reduction rates for S. mansoni infection were 97.9% (95% CI = 94.6–99.4) and 97.02%, respectively. Among the 173 children with light infection intensity, 170 (98.3%, 95% CI = 95.0–99.6) were cured, and among the 15 children who had moderate infection intensity, 14 (93.3%) were cured. No significant association between cure rate and pre-treatment infection intensity was observed. We conclude that single-dose praziquantel is efficacious against light-to-moderate S. mansoni infection. Preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel effectively reduces schistosome reservoirs and transmission among school-age children.
BUILDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CULTURE ORGANIZATION AND CLIENTS IN THE CROSS-BORDER MARKET

Koncepcja relacji w zakresie wspolpracy transgranicznej w dziedzinie kultury zostala uznana za bardzo wazną w globalnych dokumentach strategicznych Unii Europejskiej od ponad dwoch dekad. Coraz cześciej znajduje to odzwierciedlenie w polityce kulturalnej poszczegolnych panstw i - co bardzo wazne - menedzerowie kultury odpowiedzialni za ksztaltowanie oferty kulturalnej w euroregionach są coraz bardziej zainteresowani tą koncepcją. Pomimo coraz wiekszej uwagi poświecanej temu zagadnieniu zarowno wśrod praktykow, jak i teoretykow zarządzania, w zadnym z tych dokumentow i innych prac nie znajdziemy treści bezpośrednio związanych z transgranicznym polsko-czeskim rynkiem uslug kulturalnych. Luka ta byla bezpośrednim impulsem do podjecia badan w tej dziedzinie. W oparciu o poglebione wywiady przeprowadzone z 50 ekspertami z polskiej i czeskiej strony Euroregionu Beskidy, mozliwości adaptacji koncepcji marketingu relacji w dzialających organizacjach kulturalnych na polsko-czeskim transgranicznym rynku uslug kulturalnych zostaly uznane. Przeprowadzone badania pokazują, ze polscy i czescy menedzerowie instytucji kultury roznią sie pod wzgledem kluczowych instrumentow marketingu mix. Ich zdaniem powinny one miec podstawowe zastosowanie na etapie wzmacniania wiezi, lącząc organizacje kulturalną z polskimi i czeskimi odbiorcami oferty kulturalnej. Wedlug polskich ekspertow kluczowym narzedziem budowania relacji (wzmacniania wiezi) jest komunikacja marketingowa, natomiast zdaniem czeskich respondentow bedą to dzialania związane z ksztaltowaniem produktu.
Does physical therapy impact clinical outcomes after lumbar decompression surgery?

Objectives: The objectives of our study were to (1) determine if physical therapy (PT) impacts patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) after lumbar decompression surgery and (2) determine if PT impacts postsurgical readmissions or reoperations after lumbar decompression surgery. Methods: Patients >18 years of age who underwent primary one- or two-level lumbar decompression at our institution were identified. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, surgical outcomes (all-cause 90 days readmissions and 90 days surgical readmissions), and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) were compared between the groups. Multivariate linear regression was utilized to determine the individual predictors of 90 days readmissions and PROMs at the 1-year postoperative point. Alpha was set at P < 0.05. Results: Of the 1003 patients included, 421 attended PT postoperatively. On univariate analysis, PT attendance did not significantly impact 90-day surgical reoperations (P = 0.225). Although bivariate analysis suggests that attendance of PT is associated with worse improvement in physical function (P = 0.041), increased preoperative Visual Analogue Scale leg pain (0 = 0.004), and disability (P = 0.006), as measured by the Oswestry Disability Index, our multivariate analysis, which accounts for confounding variables found there was no difference in PROM improvement and PT was not an independent predictor of 90-day all-cause readmissions (P = 0.06). Instead, Charlson Comorbidity Index (P = 0.025) and discharge to a skilled nursing facility (P = 0.013) independently predicted greater 90-day all-cause readmissions. Conclusions: Postoperative lumbar decompression PT attendance does not significantly affect clinical improvement, as measured by PROMs or surgical outcomes including all-cause 90 days readmissions and 90-day surgical readmissions.
Influence of metabolic syndrome and lifestyle factors on thyroid nodules in Chinese adult men: a cross-sectional study

Introduction Given the high prevalence of thyroid nodules and the potential for malignancy, it is imperative to understand the various factors that contribute to their development. This study aimed to explore the relationship between metabolic syndrome, lifestyle, and thyroid nodules in adult men in southern China. Methods This study enrolled a total of 183,990 subjects at a medical examination center in a general hospital in southern China between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome, lifestyle factors, and thyroid nodules. Furthermore, structural equation modeling elucidated the intricate relationships among these variables. Results The prevalence of thyroid nodules among Chinese adult males was 14.9%. Several factors were identified as risk factors for thyroid nodules, including advanced age, irregular meal time, smoking or quitting smoking, quitting drinking, heavy manual labor, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and centripetal obesity, and those belonging to ethnic minorities and drinking alcohol were found to be protective factors against thyroid nodules. Structural equation modeling highlighted metabolic syndrome's mediating role amidst lifestyle influences on thyroid nodules. Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid nodules in Chinese adult males is relatively moderate to low. The factors identified in this study can help clinicians identify high-risk patients and develop targeted screening strategies for the timely detection of thyroid nodules. However, further mechanistic research and longitudinal studies are necessary to explore the underlying causes and establish causal relationships.
Stabilization of Chen-Lee system with uncertainty and external perturbation via UDE-based control method

The stabilization of Chen-Lee system with uncertainty and external perturbation is investigated in this paper. Firstly, a suitable filter is presented, by which the uncertainty and external perturbation can be estimated asymptotically. Secondly, two uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE)-based controllers are proposed and applied to realize the stabilization problem of such system. Finally, numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the obtained results.
Factors Associated With Malnutrition in Hospitalized Cancer Patients in a National Oncology Center in Conflict-Affected Settings in Sana’a, Yemen: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background Cancer can significantly impact the nutritional status of patients, which can worsen related complications and reduce the effectiveness of treatment. Malnutrition is a common complication among cancer patients, especially among older adults. This study aims to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among hospitalized cancer patients and identify factors associated with malnutrition. Methodology and methods The cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 296 cancer patients admitted to the National Oncology Referral Center in Sana'a, Yemen, between February 1 and March 31, 2022. Malnutrition was diagnosed through clinical assessment and screening tools such as screening tools, body mass index (BMI), weight loss percentage, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to assess factors associated with malnutrition. Results Of the 296 patients included in the analysis, most were female 225 (76.0%), and the mean age was 45.8 years. The prevalence of undernutrition, as determined by the BMI score, was 48 (16.2%). The prevalence of malnutrition was higher in females 37 (16.4%) compared to males 11(15.5%). The data indicated that 49% of hospitalized patients had experienced weight loss of 5% or more. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that single (AOR=12.93, 95% CI: 1.17-142.77) or widowed (AOR=11.51, 95% CI: 1.05-126.03) marital status, weight loss (AOR=7.56, 95% CI: 3.00-18.69), stomach cancer (AOR=6.77, 95% CI: 1.66-27.70), and breast cancer (AOR=2.60, 95% CI: 1.12-6.03) were associated with an increased risk of malnutrition. Conclusions The study highlights the importance of evaluating and addressing the nutritional status of cancer patients, especially at the beginning and during treatment, to improve their clinical outcomes. Prospective studies are recommended to further investigate this issue.
Differential impact of hospital and community factors on breadth and depth of hospital population health partnerships

Abstract Objective The aim was to identify hospital and county characteristics associated with variation in breadth and depth of hospital partnerships with a broad range of organizations to improve population health. Data Sources The American Hospital Association Annual Survey provided data on hospital partnerships to improve population health for the years 2017–2019. Design The study adopts the dimensional publicness theory and social capital framework to examine hospital and county characteristics that facilitate hospital population health partnerships. The two dependent variables were number of local community organizations that hospitals partner with (breadth) and level of engagement with the partners (depth) to improve population health. The independent variables include three dimensions of publicness: Regulative, Normative and Cultural‐cognitive measured by various hospital factors and presence of social capital present at county level. Covariates in the multivariate analysis included hospital factors such as bed‐size and system membership. Methods We used hierarchical linear regression models to assess various hospital and county factors associated with breadth and depth of hospital‐community partnerships, adjusting for covariates. Principal Findings Nonprofit and public hospitals provided a greater breadth (coefficient, 1.61; SE, 0.11; p < 0.001 and coefficient, 0.95; SE, 0.14; p < 0.001) and depth (coefficient, 0.26, SE, 0.04; p < 0.001 & coefficient, 0.13; SE, 0.05; p < 0.05) of partnerships than their for‐profit counterparts, partially supporting regulative dimension of publicness. At a county level, we found community social capital positively associated with breadth of partnerships (coefficient, 0.13; SE, 0.08; p < 0.001). Conclusions An environment that promotes collaboration between hospitals and organizations to improve population health may impact the health of the community by identifying health needs of the community, targeting social determinants of health, or by addressing patient social needs. However, findings suggest that publicness dimensions at an organizational level, which involves a culture of public value, maybe more important than county factors to achieve community building through partnerships.