Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth process modeling of semiconductor nanowires for scale-up of nanomanufacturing: A review

To keep up with the increasing need for nanomanufacturing (NM), research on the scale-up of NM has become an emerging field of study. This review article first discusses the author understanding on research classification of scale-up NM research, which entails scale-up process research and scale-up methodology research. The scale-up methodology research includes establishing modeling, simulation, and control methodologies that enable and support economic production at commercial scale. Since NM process modeling provides the basis for process monitoring and control, guided inspection and sensing strategy, and more-efficient experimental design strategy for robust synthesis of nanomaterials, semiconductor nanowire growth is used as an example to review different process modeling strategies for scalable NM. The modeling strategies from the existing literature on nanowire growth studies are summarized into four categories: (i) physical modeling; (ii) statistical modeling; (iii) physical-statistical modeling; and (iv) cross-domain modeling and validation. In addition to illustrating modeling approaches in the literature, suitable domains of applications for each modeling strategy are discussed. Two potential areas worthy of efforts in future research are highlighted.
Sensitivity of the Total Power Radiometer with Periodic Absolute Calibration

The total power radiometer is an attractive choice for imaging applications due to its high sensitivity and simple configuration. However, available theoretical results are inadequate to allow an accurate radiometer performance prediction in the presence of receiver gain fluctuations and other receiver characteristics with nonuniform fluctuation power spectra. An improved analysis of the total power radiometer Delta T is presented in terms of the receiver output fluctuation power spectral density and a transfer function due to postdetection filtering and periodic calibration. Verification of this analysis is obtained by measuring the fluctuation power spectrum of a 94-GHz receiver and comparing the predicted Delta T with a direct measurement. Numerical results including application to an example radiometer system are presented. These results indicate that the total power radiometer should function well in short integration time, periodically calibrated radiometer systems.
Evaluation of the Potential Effect of Cry1Ab Expressing Straw on ICR Mice

Cry1Ab toxin has been effectively integrated into crops such as rice and cotton for pest control, and the safety evaluation of transgenic rice has attracted widespread attention. Nevertheless, the effects of transgenic rice straw on animal model are still unclear. Hence, the present study conducted an integrated analysis to evaluate the unintended effects of transgenic rice straw expressing Cry1Ab protein on the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice under 90-day treatment. The results indicated that Cry1Ab rice straw had no significant effects on the behavior and body weight of mice. In addition, physiological indicators, including hemogram, blood biochemistry, apoptosis rate, and calcium ion concentration of the blood lymphocytes, displayed no alterations under Cry1Ab protein stress. Similarly, Cry1Ab rice straw had no adverse effects on several antioxidase activities (i.e., catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and acetylcholine esterase). Moreover, we recorded that Cry1Ab stress did not adversely impact the sperm quality and follicular development of male and female ICR mice. Collectively, this integrated analysis indicates that Cry1Ab rice straw has no adverse or toxic effects on ICR mice after 90-day treatment and provides multi-level perspectives to assess the safety of genetically modified crops on non-target mammals.
Characterizing Nutrient Management Effect on Yield of Sweet Sorghum Genotypes

Consequences of crop management and cultivar choice strategies are important to attain higher stalk and juice yield in sweet sorghum. Here we characterize and contrast the management responses for stalk yield, extractable juice and brix content of open pollinated sweet sorghum genotypes bred in the All India Coordinated Sorghum Improvement Project (AICSIP). Field experiments were undertaken at four locations i.e., Coimbatore, Solapur, Akola and Pantnagar in India using a combination of cultivars, plant populations and nutrient treatments. Detailed measurements of stalk and juice yield were recorded at harvest time. The pooled analysis indicated that except for the variability due to nitrogen rate application, the other two factors (culivar and plant population) were statistically non-significant in terms of cane yield, juice yield and brix reading. Both cane and juice yield increased with increasing rates of nitrogen application. The association between stalk yield and juice yield were explained using a linear regression model.
Innovating in Science and Engineering or 'Cashing In' on Wall Street? Evidence on Elite STEM Talent

Using detailed data on recipients of bachelor's degrees from MIT between 2006 and 2012, I examine the selection of students into finance or science and engineering (SE they are also more likely to join fraternities and sororities, a decision typically made at college entry. Sizable differences in academic performance begin in freshman year and persist throughout college. The 2008 financial crisis, which substantially reduced the availability of entry-level positions in finance, prompted some students with relatively low college-entry qualifications to major in S&E instead of management or economics and/or to improve their academic performance. But there is no evidence that those with top qualifications changed their skill development in response to the crisis. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the preferences and skills of graduates who pursue finance are not comparable to those of graduates who choose a career in S&E.
PFA concrete: near surface absorption properties

Water absorption properties of concrete made with ordinary (OPC) and rapid–hardening Portland cement ( RHPC), and both cements blended with pulverized fuel ash ( PFA), were studied for a design strength range of 25–70 N/mm2 at ages of 28 and 180 days, and with a number of curing conditions of varying relative humidity and temperature. It was found that with standard curing in water at 23°C, PFA enhanced the quality of concrete as judged by absorption properties. RHPC/PFA blends performed better than OPC alone, but blends with OPC gave better results than RHPC. Air curing greatly increased absorption, but this was no worse for PFA concrete than OPC or RHPC concrete. PFA concrete responded better than OPC concrete to curing temperature. The optimum PFA content varied with concrete type, curing regime and age.
Writing Units or Decades First in Two Digit Numbers Dictation Tasks: The Case of Arabic—An Inverted Language

This study investigated the effect of educational level and of the syntactic representation of numbers in Arabic on the task of transcoding two-digit numbers from dictation. The participants were primary, junior-high, and high school pupils and higher education students. All spoke Arabic as a mother tongue. They performed a transcoding task, namely writing two-digit numbers from dictation. Units first\decades first writing patterns were collected depending on the differential syntactic structures of the two-digit number dictated (decades first: whole tens; units first: teen numbers; identical units and decades, remaining two-digit numbers). The findings reveal that in general, Arabic speakers adopt a decades-first writing pattern for two-digit numbers, especially when it is consistent with the syntactic structure of two-digit numbers, as in whole-tens numbers. This decade-first writing pattern is more evident and consistent in junior-high school, high school, and higher education than in primary school due to the improvement in mathematical skills and second and third languages. However, this pattern is modulated by the syntactic complexity of the unit–decade structure. This complexity is more pronounced in two-digit numbers whose processing is more dependent on numerical syntax. Thus, whole-tens numbers, teen numbers, and identical-decade–unit numbers are less complex than the remaining two-digit numbers.
Canine Mesenchymal Cell Lyosecretome Production and Safety Evaluation after Allogenic Intraarticular Injection in Osteoarthritic Dogs

Simple Summary Recently, mesenchymal stromal cells have been proposed as a valid approach for treating osteoarthritis diseases, mainly due to the secretion of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles known as secretome. In this paper, an injectable freeze-dried pharmaceutical powder containing canine mesenchymal stromal cells-secretome (Lyosecretome) has been formulated, and in vitro potency experiments were conducted. Furthermore, the Lyosecretome was applied in dogs affected by osteoarthritis to assess its safety. Results indicated that intra-articular injection of allogeneic Lyosecretome is safe and does not induce an adverse response, thus paving the way for future studies regarding the efficacy. Abstract In recent years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown promise as a therapy in treating musculoskeletal diseases, and it is currently believed that their therapeutic effect is mainly related to the release of proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs), known as secretome. In this work, three batches of canine MSC-secretome were prepared by standardized processes according to the current standard ISO9001 and formulated as a freeze-dried powder named Lyosecretome. The final products were characterized in protein and lipid content, EV size distribution and tested to ensure the microbiological safety required for intraarticular injection. Lyosecretome induced the proliferation of adipose tissue-derived canine MSCs, tenocytes, and chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner and showed anti-elastase activity, reaching 85% of inhibitory activity at a 20 mg/mL concentration. Finally, to evaluate the safety of the preparation, three patients affected by bilateral knee or elbow osteoarthritis were treated with two intra-articular injections (t = 0 and t = 40 days) of the allogeneic Lyosecretome (20 mg corresponding 2 × 106 cell equivalents) resuspended in hyaluronic acid in one joint and placebo (mannitol resuspended in hyaluronic acid) in the other joint. To establish the safety of the treatment, the follow-up included a questionnaire addressed to the owner and orthopaedic examinations to assess lameness grade, pain score, functional disability score and range of motion up to day 80 post-treatment. Overall, the collected data suggest that intra-articular injection of allogeneic Lyosecretome is safe and does not induce a clinically significant local or systemic adverse response.
Direct Transfer to Angiosuite in Acute Stroke

Time to reperfusion is one of the strongest predictors of functional outcome in acute stroke due to a large vessel occlusion (LVO). Direct transfer to angiography suite (DTAS) protocols have shown encouraging results in reducing in-hospital delays. DTAS allows bypassing of conventional imaging in the emergency room by ruling out an intracranial hemorrhage or a large established infarct with imaging performed before transfer to the thrombectomy-capable center in the angiography suite using flat-panel CT (FP-CT). The rate of patients with stroke code primarily admitted to a comprehensive stroke center with a large ischemic established lesion is <10% within 6 hours from onset and remains <20% among patients with LVO or transferred from a primary stroke center. At the same time, stroke severity is an acceptable predictor of LVO. Therefore, ideal DTAS candidates are patients admitted in the early window with severe symptoms. The main difference between protocols adopted in different centers is the inclusion of FP-CT angiography to confirm an LVO before femoral puncture. While some centers advocate for FP-CT angiography, others favor additional time saving by directly assessing the presence of LVO with an angiogram. The latter, however, leads to unnecessary arterial punctures in patients with no LVO (3%–22% depending on selection criteria). Independently of these different imaging protocols, DTAS has been shown to be effective and safe in improving in-hospital workflow, achieving a reduction of door-to-puncture time as low as 16 minutes without safety concerns. The impact of DTAS on long-term functional outcomes varies between published studies, and randomized controlled trials are warranted to examine the benefit of DTAS.
Effects of Deep Tillage and Irigation Regimes on Sugarbeet Yield in Iran

Deep tillage and irrigation are two soil management practices being used separately to alleviate water shortage for growing crops on soils with tillage induced hard pans. A split- block design with three replications was used to study the effects of subsoiling and irrigation intervals on sugarbeet yield, yield characteristics, soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance and water use efficiency. Three irrigation intervals of 7, 10 and 14 days were applied with tillage treatments of only mouldboard ploughing with no subsoiling (control), subsoiling to a depth of 30-35 cm plus mouldboard ploughing and subsoiling to a depth of 40-45 cm plus mouldboard ploughing. Results indicated that deep tillage reduces soil bulk density, cone index and percent of root branching and increases root length, root diameter, sugarbeet yield (about 25%) and water use efficiency (about 26%). As irrigation intervals increased sugarbeet yield and water use efficiency decreased 29 and 20%, respectively, however, root sugar content increased 14%. Results also indicated that the best treatment was subsoiling to a depth of 40-45 cm plus mouldboard ploughing with 10 day irrigation intervals and the subsoiling was effective at least for three years.
Full wave network representation for rectangular, circular, and elliptical to elliptical waveguide junctions

In this paper, two contributions to the study of the elliptical waveguides are given: an efficient technique to obtain the modal spectrum for elliptical waveguides and the analysis of the junctions between rectangular, circular, or elliptical to elliptical waveguides. In addition to theoretical results, experimental results are also presented finding good agreement between prediction and measurement.
Factorial Analysis of Lead Bioextracted Using Mixed Cultures of Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans on Galena

This paper presents lead bioextraction using mixed cultures of Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans (ATF) and Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans (ATT) on galena. The effect of leaching time at constant leaching temperature and ore mass-input were investigated. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analysis of the galena used was carried out to evaluate the phases in the ore. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out on reaction residues generated at different leaching times. The XRD analysis of the ore shows that it was composed of phases such as PbS, ZnS, ZnO and Cu64O with PbS dominating. The results of the experiment indicate that the concentrations of extracted lead increases with increase in the leaching time which ranged from 70 - 420 hrs. SEM of reaction residues show in some cases slight slimy substances suspected to be secretion from the microbes. A multivariate empirical model was derived, validated and used for the factorial analysis of extracted lead. The validity of the derived model expressed as; ξ - 0.258 = 0.0162 ɤ + 0. 0002ϑ - 0.001₰ was rooted on the core model expression ξ - 0.258 = 0.0162 ɤ + 0. 0002ϑ - 0.001₰ where both sides of the expression are correspondingly approximately equal. Regression model was used to generate results, and its trend of distribution was compared with that from experiment and derived model as means of verifying its validity. The results associating this verification translated into very close alignment of curves and significantly similar trend of data point’s distribution for experimental (ExD), derived model (MoD) and regression model-predicted (ReG) results. Evaluations from generated results indicated that extracted lead concentration per unit leaching time and final solution pH as obtained from experiment, derived model & regression model were 0.0171, 0.0162 & 0.0190 g/dm3 hr-1 and 6.386, 6.0467 & 7.1083 respectively. The standard errors in predicting the extracted lead concentrations for each values of the leaching times and final solution pHs as obtained from experiments, derived model & regression model-predicted results were 0.3666, 0.0003 & 6.901 x 10-5 and 1.7626, 1.3135 & 1.5437 respectively. The model operates with a confidence and reliability level range: 91-99.86 % at recorded deviation range: 0.14 - 8.51 (of the model-predicted extracted lead concentration from experimental results).
Theory of Fruit Firmness Sorting by Impact Forces

ABSTRACT THE impact forces of fruit striking a rigid surface were considered as a means for nondestructive determination of firmness. Impact forces were simulated with a simple elasticity model. Shape characteristics were evaluated as firmness predictors for variations in elasticity, mass, radius of curvature, and contact speed. The time characteristic (peak force)/(time to peak force squared) was sensitive to elasticity and relatively insensitive to fruit size. Frequency characteristics in the range 250 to 340 Hz exhibited a threshold relationship with elasticity and moderate sensitivity to size. All characteristics were sensitive to the speed at contact. Performance of several filter circuits to sense the designated frequency components was simulated. A Chebyshev filter gave better response than a biquad filter.
Shake-The-Box for multi-pulse tomographic systems: towards high seeding density particle tracking in high speed flows

A turbulent boundary layer flow with adverse pressure gradient in air at 36 m/s is investigated by means of a multi-pulse tomographic system. The acquisition strategy allows for the recording of short time-resolved sequences using four pulses with a time separation of a few microseconds. The experimental setup consists of a dual-imaging system and a dual-double cavity laser emitting orthogonal polarization directions to separate the four pulses. The Shake-The-Box 3D particle tracking technique, recently introduced for time-resolved investigations, is applied to the multi-pulse data. The iterative particle tracking strategy is investigated in the present study; the processing approach takes advantage of the ghost-free tracking possibility offered by the use of the dual-imaging system. Furthermore, a correction scheme to compensate for the vibrations between the two independent imaging systems is discussed, together with a method to accurately identify the position of the wall within the measurement domain. Results show that approximately 70,000÷80,00 tracks can be reconstructed in the measurement volume, enabling the evaluation of highly spatially resolved boundary layer profiles and dense velocity fields suitable for spatial gradients evaluation.
Polymer dispersed liquid crystal fiber optic electric field probe

Polymer dispersed liquid crystal inserted between two multimode optical fiber end faces forms the basis of an electric field probe. This probe has an active volume of about 0.001 mm/sup 3/ and approximates a point measurement. The linear relation between detector output and electric field in the 600 V/cm to 800 V/cm range is adequate for most electric power distribution systems. As the contrast ratio of this transducer is large, it can also be used as a safety on-off detector for high-voltage equipment.
Technological and Sensory Quality and Microbiological Safety of RIR Chicken Breast Meat Marinated with Fermented Milk Products

Simple Summary The use of meat from hens after the end of the laying period is limited due to their inferior sensory properties compared to the meat of young slaughter birds, mainly due to the age of the hens. Therefore, we are looking for effective methods of softening the meat of laying hens after the end of the annual laying use. One way to reduce the hardness of hen meat after the laying period is to marinate it with fermented milk products. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of marinating with buttermilk and sour milk on the quality of Rhode Island Red (RIR) hen meat after the first year of laying use. In the conducted research, it was found that marinating hen meat after the first year of laying with fermented milk products has a beneficial effect on the characteristics of raw and roasted meat. Roasted hen meat was characterised by a brighter colour, lower hardness, and better microbiological quality, and had greater overall acceptability. The obtained results allow us to conclude that marinating hen meat with fermented milk products creates new opportunities and prospects for the culinary use of the meat of RIR hens after one year of laying use. Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the effect of marinating with fermented milk products (buttermilk and sour milk) on the physical characteristics, microbiological quality, and sensory acceptability of Rhode Island Red (RIR) hen meat after the first year of laying use. The hen breast meat was marinated with fermented dairy products, buttermilk and sour milk, by the immersion method for 12 h at 4 °C. The assessed features included the quality of raw and roasted marinated and non-marinated meat in terms of physical characteristics (marinade absorption, water absorption, pH, L*, a*, b* colour, shear strength, texture profile analysis (TPA) test), microbiological parameters, and sensory characteristics. Bacteria were identified by the mass spectrometry method (MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper). Marinating meat with fermented dairy products lightened the colour, decreased the value of shear force, reduced hardness and chewiness, and limited the growth of aerobic bacteria and Pseudomonas spp. Additionally, after heat treatment, the number of identified aerobic bacteria families in the marinated in buttermilk and marinated in sour milk groups was smaller than in the non-marinated muscle group. The sensory evaluation showed a beneficial effect of marinating with buttermilk and sour milk on the tenderness, juiciness, and colour of roasted meat.
Variability of Heat and Water Fluxes in the Red Sea Using ERA5 Data (1981–2020)

The study of heat and water fluxes is one of the most essential components for understanding the interactions and exchanges between the ocean and atmosphere. Heat transfer across the air–sea interface is an important process in ocean–atmosphere dynamics. In this study, a 40-year (1981–2020) high-resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) ERA-5 reanalysis dataset from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is used to estimate the variability and trends of heat and water flux components in the Red Sea. The results show that the surface net heat flux is negative (loss) in the Northern Red Sea (NRS) and positive (gain) in the Southern Red Sea (SRS). The highest seasonal surface net heat flux is observed in the spring and early summer, while the lowest is reported in the winter. A significant linear trend is found in the surface net heat flux over the NRS and SRS, with values of about −0.12 ± 0.052 (W/m2)/yr and +0.20 ± 0.021 (W/m2)/yr, respectively. The annual mean surface net water flux loss to the atmosphere over the entire Red Sea is +1.46 ± 0.23 m/yr. The seasonal surface net water flux peak occurs in winter as a result of the northeast monsoon wind, which increases evaporation rate over the whole length of the Red Sea. The highest surface net water flux (+2.1 m/yr) is detected during 2020, while the lowest value (+1.3 m/yr) is observed during 1985.