Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New option for management of HIV-1 infection in treatment-naive patients: once-daily, fixed-dose combination of rilpivirine-emtricitabine-tenofovir

: Fixed-dose combination tablets have become an important therapy option for patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Fixed-dose combination rilpivirine-tenofovir-emtricitabine is a recently approved therapy option that has been extensively studied within the treatment-naïve population. When compared with efavirenz-based therapy, improved tolerability with rilpivirine-based therapy was balanced by higher rates of virologic failure to provide similar overall efficacy rates within the intention-to-treat analysis. As a result, providers will need to balance the potential for improved tolerability with fixed-dose combination rilpivirine-tenofovir-emtricitabine against a higher potential for virologic failure, particularly among patients with baseline viral loads above 100,000 copies/mL. Current treatment guidelines have recommended that fixed-dose combination rilpivirine-tenofovir-emtricitabine be an alternative therapy option for treatment-naïve patients and advise caution in those patients with high viral loads at baseline. Similar to other non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens, there are a number of drug interaction concerns with fixed-dose combination rilpivirine-tenofovir-emtricitabine that will necessitate monitoring and, in some cases, appropriate management. Additionally, the emergence of drug resistance to fixed-dose combination rilpivirine-tenofovir-emtricitabine has been well documented in clinical studies and close attention will be necessary in order to protect current and future therapy options. Overall, fixed-dose combination rilpivirine-tenofovir-emtricitabine is poised to provide an important therapy option for patients when appropriately applied.
Classification of State Transition by Using a Microwave Doppler Sensor for Wandering Detection

Abstract—With global aging, people who require care, such as people with dementia (PwD), are increasing within many developed countries. And PwDs may wander and unconsciously set foot outdoors, it may lead serious accidents, such as, traffic accidents. Here, round-the-clock monitoring by caregivers is necessary, which can be a burden for the caregivers. Therefore, an automatic wandering detection system is required when an elderly person wanders outdoors, in which case the detection system transmits a ‘moving’ followed by an ‘absence’ state. In this paper, we focus on the transition from the ‘resting’ to the ‘absence’ state, via the ‘moving’ state as one of the wandering transitions. To capture the transition of the three states, our method based on the hidden Markov model (HMM) is built. Using our method, the restraint where the ‘resting’ state and ‘absence’ state cannot be transmitted to each other is applied. To validate our method, we conducted the experiment with 10 subjects. Our results show that the method can classify three states with 0.92 accuracy.
Disruption of hippocampal – prefrontal cortex activity by dopamine D 2 R-dependent LTD of NMDAR transmission

Functional connectivity between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) is essential for associative recognition memory and working memory. Disruption of hippocampal–PFC synchrony occurs in schizophrenia, which is characterized by hypofunction of NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated transmission. We demonstrate that activity of dopamine D2-like receptors (D2Rs) leads selectively to long-term depression (LTD) of hippocampal–PFC NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission. We show that dopamine-dependent LTD of NMDAR-mediated transmission profoundly disrupts normal synaptic transmission between hippocampus and PFC. These results show how dopaminergic activation induces long-term hypofunction of NMDARs, which can contribute to disordered functional connectivity, a characteristic that is a hallmark of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA DENGAN PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ARIAS

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas model pembelajaran ARIAS untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi larutan penyangga dan hidrolisis. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 12 Semarang tahun pelajaran 2012/2013. Analisis data menggunakan statistik parametrik, dilengkapi dengan uji ketuntasan klasikal dan analisis deskriptif. Keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa diukur dari hasil jawaban uraian siswa dan di analisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut dapat dikatakan bahwa keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa kelompok eksperimen lebih baik daripada siswa kelompok kontrol. Rata-rata keseluruhan penguasaan siswa tiap indikator pada kelas eksperimen 2,67 yang berarti penguasaanya cukup. Sedangkan pada kelas kontrol rata-ratanya 1,47 yang berarti penguasaannya sangat rendah. Rerata keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa pada kelompok eksperimen mencapai 70,5% dengan kategori baik sedangkan kelompok kontrol hanya mencapai 35,4% dengan kategori jelek. Jadi dapat disimpulkan penerapan model pembelajaran ARIAS efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa kelas XI IPA SMAN 12 Semarang
The Bézout matrix in the Lagrange basis

A recent paper by Amiraslani, Corless, Gonzalez-Vega and Shakoori studies polynomial algebra by values, without first converting to another basis such as the monomial basis. Their methodology is driven by a desire to avoid ill-conditioning in such changes of basis. In this talk I expand on some details from that paper, namely the construction and use of the Bezout matrix directly from given polynomial values. We here show details of the construction of common roots of polynomials directly from the eigenvectors of the constructed Bezout matrix. Introduction In [8] it was shown how to compute common simple isolated roots of bivariate polynomials given in monomial basis. In this paper we first discuss the structure of the Bezout matrix and its nullspace in Lagrange basis. We will then show how to take advantage of the elegant structure of the null space to compute common roots of a bivariate polynomials given by their values at known points. For the context and philosophy of the material see [1]. 1 How to compute Derivatives If polynomial p(x) of degree d is given by its values on distinct points x0, x1, . , xn, then the values of the derivatives can be calculated by means of a particular matrix D for which D  p0 p1 p2 . pn  =  p0 p1 p2 . pn  , (1) where pi = p(xi) and pi = p (xi), for 1 ≤ i ≤ n. The matrix D depends only on the distinct interpolation points xi, and can be constructed in O(n2) operations. To find D, consider the Lagrange polynomials Li(x) and
JURNAL ILMIAH PENDIDIKAN PROFESI GURU

Lack of facilities and infrastructure limited teacher in utilizing science and technology and science become a factor causing learning loss. Strong and simultaneous collaboration between all educational personnel must be improved to realize the freedom of learning in Indonesian. The purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of coping strategies, self-efficacy, and scientific attitudes on science learning outcomes. The population in this study was 270 grade V elementary school student. The study sample totaled 159 students who were determined by proportional random sampling technique. Coping strategy data, self-efficacy data and scientific attitude data were collected with questionnaire sheets. Data on science learning outcomes are collected with an objective test in the form of a multiple choice test. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 program-assisted multiple liner regression. The rcount value of coping strategies, self-efficacy, scientific attitudes and simultaneously greater than the rtable value. This shows that there is a significant positive influence between coping strategies on science learning outcomes. There is a significant positive influence between self-efficacy on science learning outcomes. There is a significant positive influence on scientific attitudes towards science learning outcomes. Simultaneously there is a significant positive influence of coping strategies, self-efficacy, and scientific attitudes on student science learning outcomes. Thus, it was concluded that there was a significant influence between coping strategies, self-efficacy and scientific attitudes on the results of science learning for fifth grade students of elementary school.
Contingent Existence and Iterated Modality

Boris Kment’s Modality and Explanatory Reasoning is a rich and rewarding book. Along the way to his conclusions about the cognitive function of modal concepts and their relation to explanation, Kment presents many ideas which are of great independent interest. One example is in chapters 4 and 5, where Kment develops an admirably rigorous theory of worlds as classes of propositions (proper classes, in the case of metaphysically possible worlds). The most distinctive features of this theory stem from contingentism, the view that some things could have failed to exist, in the sense that there could have been nothing identical to them. According to Kment, propositions about contingent existents are themselves contingent, and thus worlds, as classes of propositions, end up being contingent as well. So far Kment agrees with many other authors, including Adams (1981) and Stalnaker (2012). But there is one important point on which Kment agrees with Adams and disagrees with most other authors who have considered these questions. According to him, one upshot of all this contingency is that we have reject certain widely-accepted principles of propositional modal logic involving iterated modal operators. Abbreviating ‘it is metaphysically necessary that φ’ as ‘□φ’ and ‘it is metaphysically possible that φ’ as ‘◇φ’, the schemas Adams and Kment reject include the following:
On the parity conjecture for abelian surfaces

Assuming finiteness of the Tate–Shafarevich group, we prove that the Birch–Swinnerton–Dyer conjecture correctly predicts the parity of the rank of semistable principally polarised abelian surfaces. If the surface in question is the Jacobian of a curve, we require that the curve has good ordinary reduction at 2‐adic places.
Language Development, Literacy Skills, and Predictive Connections to Reading in Finnish Children With and Without Familial Risk for Dyslexia

Discriminative language markers and predictive links between early language and literacy skills were investigated retrospectively in the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia in which children at familial risk for dyslexia have been followed from birth. Three groups were formed on the basis of 198 children’s reading and spelling status. One group of children with reading disability (RD; n = 46) and two groups of typical readers from nondyslexic control (TRC; n = 84) and dyslexic families (TRD; n = 68) were examined from age 1.5 years to school age. The RD group was outperformed by typical readers on numerous language and literacy measures (expressive and receptive language, morphology, phonological sensitivity, RAN, and letter knowledge) from 2 years of age onward. The strongest predictive links emerged from receptive and expressive language to reading via measures of letter naming, rapid naming, morphology, and phonological awareness.
Choosing Not to Choose: Understanding the Value of Choice

Our ability to make choices is fundamental to our sense of ourselves as human beings, and essential to the political values of freedom-protecting nations. Whom we love; where we work; how we spend our time; what we buy; such choices define us in the eyes of ourselves and others, and much blood and ink has been spilt to establish and protect our rights to make them freely. Choice can also be a burden. Our cognitive capacity to research and make the best decisions is limited, so every active choice comes at a cost. In modern life the requirement to make active choices can often be overwhelming. So, across broad areas of our lives, from health plans to energy suppliers, many of us choose not to choose. By following our default options, we save ourselves the costs of making active choices. By setting those options, governments and corporations dictate the outcomes for when we decide by default. This is among the most significant ways in which they effect social change, yet we are just beginning to understand the power and impact of default rules. Many central questions remain unanswered: When should governments set such defaults, and when should they insist on active choices? How should such defaults be made? What makes some defaults successful while others fail? Cass R. Sunstein has long been at the forefront of developing public policy and regulation to use government power to encourage people to make better decisions. In this major new book, Choosing Not to Choose, he presents his most complete argument yet for how we should understand the value of choice, and when and how we should enable people to choose not to choose. The onset of big data gives corporations and governments the power to make ever more sophisticated decisions on our behalf, defaulting us to buy the goods we predictably want, or vote for the parties and policies we predictably support. As consumers we are starting to embrace the benefits this can bring. But should we? What will be the long-term effects of limiting our active choices on our agency? And can such personalized defaults be imported from the marketplace to politics and the law? Confronting the challenging future of data-driven decision-making, Sunstein presents a manifesto for how personalized defaults should be used to enhance, rather than restrict, our freedom and well-being.
Ambient Air Pollution and Adult Asthma Incidence in Six European Cohorts (ESCAPE)

BACKGROUND Short-term exposure to air pollution has adverse effects among patients with asthma, but whether long-term exposure to air pollution is a cause of adult-onset asthma is unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association between air pollution and adult onset asthma. METHODS Asthma incidence was prospectively assessed in six European cohorts. Exposures studied were annual average concentrations at home addresses for nitrogen oxides assessed for 23,704 participants (including 1,257 incident cases) and particulate matter (PM) assessed for 17,909 participants through ESCAPE land-use regression models and traffic exposure indicators. Meta-analyses of cohort-specific logistic regression on asthma incidence were performed. Models were adjusted for age, sex, overweight, education, and smoking and included city/area within each cohort as a random effect. RESULTS In this longitudinal analysis, asthma incidence was positively, but not significantly, associated with all exposure metrics, except for PMcoarse. Positive associations of borderline significance were observed for nitrogen dioxide [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.21 per 10 μg/m3; p = 0.10] and nitrogen oxides (adjusted OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.08 per 20 μg/m3; p = 0.08). Nonsignificant positive associations were estimated for PM10 (adjusted OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.23 per 10 μg/m3), PM2.5 (adjusted OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.23 per 5 μg/m3), PM2.5absorbance (adjusted OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.19 per 10-5/m), traffic load (adjusted OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.30 per 4 million vehicles × meters/day on major roads in a 100-m buffer), and traffic intensity (adjusted OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.30 per 5,000 vehicles/day on the nearest road). A nonsignificant negative association was estimated for PMcoarse (adjusted OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.14 per 5 μg/m3). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest a deleterious effect of ambient air pollution on asthma incidence in adults. Further research with improved personal-level exposure assessment (vs. residential exposure assessment only) and phenotypic characterization is needed.
Commissioning And Validation Of Analytical And Monte Carlo Based Dose Calculation Algorithms For Proton Spot Scanning

COMMISSIONING AND VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL AND MONTE CARLO BASED DOSE CALCULATION ALGORITHMS FOR PROTON SPOT SCANNING by JATINDER SAINI December 2017 Co-Advisor: Dr. Charles Bloch Co-Advisor: Dr. Jacob Burmeister Major: Medical Physics Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Purpose: Accurate dose calculation is one of the necessary components of radiation therapy. While the commercially available photon dose calculation algorithm offerings have improved considerably in the last decade, proton dose calculations are still performed using analytical dose calculation algorithms. The goal of this work is to validate a newly available commercial Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculation algorithm using measurements and simulations in Geant4 Applications for Emission Tomography (GATE) software. A secondary goal is to compare and contrast the performance of the pencil beam analytical algorithm against the MC algorithm. Finally, GATE simulations are used to evaluate a newly available ceramic marker for ocular melanoma proton therapy. Methods: Analytical and MC beam models of a full 360 degree gantry at the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance proton therapy center were commissioned in the RayStation treatment planning system. Measurements were performed using a variety of detectors
The Possible Role of Vitamin D in Suppressing Cytokine Storm and Associated Mortality in COVID-19 Patients

Objectives To investigate the possible role of Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency via unregulated inflammation in COVID-19 complications and associated mortality. Design The time-adjusted case mortality ratio (T-CMR) was estimated as the number of deceased patients on day N divided by the number of confirmed cases on day N-8. The adaptive average of T-CMR (A-CMR) was further calculated as a metric of COVID-19 associated mortality in different countries. A model based on positivity change (PC) and an estimated prevalence of COVID-19 was developed to determine countries with similar screening strategies. Mean concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in elderly individuals in countries with similar screening strategies were compared to investigate the potential impact of Vit D on A-CMR. We analyzed data showing a possible association between high C-Reactive Protein (CRP) concentration (CRP ³ 1 mg/dL) and severe COVID-19. We estimated a link between Vit D status and high CRP in healthy subjects (CRP ³ 0.2 mg/dL) with an adjustment for age and income to explore the possible role of Vit D in reducing complications attributed to unregulated inflammation and cytokine production. A may exist. We observed an inverse correlation (correlation coefficient ranging from -0.84 to -1) between high CRP and 25(OH)D. Age and the family income status also correlated to high CRP and subjects with higher age and lower family income presented more incidences of high CRP. Our analysis determined a possible link between high CRP and Vit D deficiency and calculated an OR of 1.8 with 95%CI (1.2 to 2.6) among the elderly (age ³ 60 yo) in low-income families and an OR of 1.9 with 95%CI (1.4 to 2.7) among the elderly (age ³ 60 yo) in high-income families. COVID-19 patient-level data shows a notable OR of 3.4 with 95%CI (2.15 to 5.4) for high CRP in severe COVID-19 patients.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Randomized Clinical Trial of Laparoscopic Versus Open Repair of the Perforated Peptic Ulcer : The LAMA

Background Laparoscopic surgery has become popular during the last decade, mainly because it is associated with fewer postoperative complications than the conventional open approach. It remains unclear, however, if this benefit is observed after laparoscopic correction of perforated peptic ulcer (PPU). The goal of the present study was to evaluate whether laparoscopic closure of a PPU is as safe as conventional open correction. Methods The study was based on a randomized controlled trial in which nine medical centers from the Netherlands participated. A total of 109 patients with symptoms of PPU and evidence of air under the diaphragm were scheduled to receive a PPU repair. After exclusion of 8 patients during the operation, outcomes were analyzed for laparotomy (n = 49) and for the laparoscopic procedure (n = 52). Results Operating time in the laparoscopy group was significantly longer than in the open group (75 min versus 50 min). Differences regarding postoperative dosage of opiates and the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain scoring system were in favor of the laparoscopic procedure. The VAS score on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7 was significant lower (P \ 0.05) in the laparoscopic group. Complications were equally distributed. Hospital stay was also comparable: 6.5 days in the laparoscopic group versus 8.0 days in the open group (P = 0.235). Conclusions Laparoscopic repair of PPU is a safe procedure compared with open repair. The results considering postoperative pain favor the laparoscopic procedure.
Publishing as Prostitution? Choosing between One's Own Ideas and Academic Failure

Survival in academia depends on publications in refereed journals. Authors only get their papers accepted if they intellectually prostitute themselves by slavishly following the demands made by anonymous referees who have no property rights to the journals they advise. Intellectual prostitution is neither beneficial to suppliers nor consumers. But it is avoidable. The editor (with property rights to the journal) should make the basic decision of whether a paper is worth publishing or not. The referees should only offer suggestions for improvement. The author may disregard this advice. This reduces intellectual prostitution and produces more original publications. Copyright 2003 by Kluwer Academic Publishers
1 Neural Vector Spaces for Unsupervised Information Retrieval

We propose the Neural Vector Space Model (NVSM), a method that learns representations of documents in an unsupervised manner for news article retrieval. In the NVSM paradigm, we learn low-dimensional representations of words and documents from scratch using gradient descent and rank documents according to their similarity with query representations that are composed from word representations. We show that NVSM performs beer at document ranking than existing latent semantic vector space methods. e addition of NVSM to a mixture of lexical language models and a state-of-the-art baseline vector space model yields a statistically signicant increase in retrieval eectiveness. Consequently, NVSM adds a complementary relevance signal. Next to semantic matching, we nd that NVSM performs well in cases where lexical matching is needed. NVSM learns a notion of term specicity directly from the document collection without feature engineering. We also show that NVSM learns regularities related to Luhn signicance. Finally, we give advice on how to deploy NVSM in situations where model selection (e.g., cross-validation) is infeasible. We nd that an unsupervised ensemble of multiple models trained with dierent hyperparameter values performs beer than a single cross-validated model. erefore, NVSM can safely be used for ranking documents without supervised relevance judgments.
Likelihood inference for a fractionally cointegrated vector autoregressive model (revision v9)

We consider model based inference in a fractionally cointegrated (or cofractional) vector autoregressive model with a restricted constant term, based on the conditional Gaussian likelihood. The model equations generate a process Xt which, under suitable conditions on the parameters, is fractional of order d and cofractional of order d b; that is, there exist vectorsfor which � 0 Xt is fractional of order d b; and no other fractionality order is possible. We consider the model de…ned by 0 1=2 we prove that the estimator ofis asymptotically mixed Gaussian and estimators of the remaining parameters are asymptotically Gaussian. We also …nd the asymptotic distribution of the likelihood ratio test for cointegration rank, which is a functional of fractional Brownian motion of type II extended by u (d0 b0) . If b0 < 1=2 all the estimators are asymptotically