Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Soil Management on Organic Carbon Content and Aggregate Stability

Abstract Soil cultivation influences organic carbon storage and soil structures. To evaluate the impact of different soil‐management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) pools and aggregate stability in black soils, SOC in whole soil, various size aggregates, and density‐separated fractions from three long‐term experiments (20 years) was examined. The three soil‐management systems were grassland (GL), bare land (BL), and croplands. The croplands had two treatments: nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application (NP) and NP together with organic manure (NPM). The SOC in the 0‐ to 10‐cm layer decreased in the order NPM>GL>NP>BL and also declined with the soil depth. The SOC of GL increased by 9.7% as compared to NP after 20 years of natural vegetation restoration. The SOC of NPM increased by 11% over NP after 13 years of organic manure application. The percentages of water‐stable aggregate (>0.25 mm) (WSA>0.25mm) decreased in the order GL>BL>NPM>NP in the top 0‐ to 20‐cm horizon. WSA>2mm, the most important fraction for carbon (C) storage in GL and NPM, accounted for 33 and 45% of the whole soil for GL in the depths of 0–10 and 10–20 cm, respectively, and 25 and 18% for NPM in the same soil layers. A significant positive correlation was found between the C stored in WSA>2mm and total SOC (r=0.81, P<0.05) and between the mean weight diameters (MWD) of aggregates and total SOC (r=0.78, P<0.05). Water‐stable aggregate0.25–2mm was the largest fraction of WSA>0.25mm, ranging from 54 to 72% for the 0‐ to 10‐cm layer and 46 to 71% for the 10‐ to 20‐cm layer; thus these aggregates would play a major role in soil sustainability as well as the resistance to soil erosion. The organic carbon (OC) of heavy fraction (HF) accounted for 94–99% of the OC in the WSA0.25–2mm, whereas free particulate organic matter (fPOM) and occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) contributed a minor fraction of the OC in the WSA0.25–2mm, suggesting that C sequestration in HF could enhance the stability of aggregates and C pools in black soil.
Utilization of Electronic Information Resources by Students of Tertiary Institutions in Taraba State, Nigeria

This study examined the utilization of electronic information resources by students of tertiary institutions in Taraba State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to find out the types of electronic information resources (EIRs) available in the tertiary institutions, to determine the extent of utilization of the available electronic information resources and the satisfaction derived from the utilization of electronic information resources in the institutions. Quantitative research method, with cross sectional survey design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised the three higher institutions with available and functional electronic information resources namely: Taraba State University, Federal University, Wukari and Taraba State College of Nursing and Midwifery with 10748 registered users who constituted the population and out of these, 370 users were randomly selected from the libraries. Research advisor table 2006 was used in determining the sample size of the study. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, via Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Findings revealed that various types of electronic information resources were available in the tertiary institutions under study, these include: e-books, e-journals, e-mails, online databases, CD-ROMs among others. It was also found that the extent of utilization of the available EIRs was moderate and majority of the users were satisfied with the EIRs provided in their institution libraries. The study also founda statistically significant relationship between accessibility and utilization of electronic information resources in the surveyed institutions x 2 (10, N=327) =12.447, P> 0.05.
Transforming linoleic acid into a nanoemulsion for enhanced activity against methicillin susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus

The activity of antibacterial agents can be enhanced by transforming them into the nano form. The aim of this study was therefore to enhance the antibacterial activity of linoleic acid (LA) against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) by formulating it as a nanoemulsion (NE). The mean globule diameter, polydispersity index and zeta potential of the optimized LA NE containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC) as a stabilizer were 75.14 ± 3 nm, 0.145 ± 0.01 and 45.7 ± 1.27 mV respectively. The turbidity absorbance, conductivity and viscosity were 1.773 ± 0.69, 0.0508 ± 0.006 mS cm−1 and 92.74 ± 2.17 mPas respectively, and the formulation was stable at 4 °C for 3 months. The LA NE was non-toxic and exhibited a 205-fold greater increase in the antibacterial activity than plain LA against S. aureus and MRSA. The fractional inhibitory concentration values indicated that the combination of LA and BAC had a synergistic effect. The molecular modeling studies revealed better stability of the LA–BAC system than LA with other surfactants. Bacterial protein degradation and cell morphology studies confirmed that the antibacterial activity of LA NE was due to cell membrane damage. These findings suggest that the developed LA NE could be a promising non-antibiotic drug containing antibacterial nano delivery system.
A Long-Term, Real-Life Parkinson Monitoring Database Combining Unscripted Objective and Subjective Recordings

Accurate real-life monitoring of motor and non-motor symptoms is a challenge in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The unobtrusive capturing of symptoms and their naturalistic fluctuations within or between days can improve evaluation and titration of therapy. First-generation commercial PD motion sensors are promising to augment clinical decision-making in general neurological consultation, but concerns remain regarding their short-term validity, and long-term real-life usability. In addition, tools monitoring real-life subjective experiences of motor and non-motor symptoms are lacking. The dataset presented in this paper constitutes a combination of objective kinematic data and subjective experiential data, recorded parallel to each other in a naturalistic, long-term real-life setting. The objective data consists of accelerometer and gyroscope data, and the subjective data consists of data from ecological momentary assessments. Twenty PD patients were monitored without daily life restrictions for fourteen consecutive days. The two types of data can be used to address hypotheses on naturalistic motor and/or non-motor symptomatology in PD.
Fresnel–Arago fifth law of interference: the first description of a geometric phase in optics

ABSTRACT The Fresnel–Arago laws of interference are five laws describing the interference of polarized light and published in 1819. The fifth law has been systematically forgotten in almost all available references published during the last century, leading to the common, but incorrect, belief that Arago and Fresnel gave only four laws of interference. The fifth law describes the existence of an additional phase of 180 , not due to path or speed differences, in linearly polarized beams that undergo certain polarization transformations in double refracting crystals. Two years later, Fresnel provided a complete explanation for this unexpected phase, showing that he had a good understanding of what can unequivocally be pointed out as the first description of a geometric phase in optics.
Dielectric Properties of PNN-PZT Ceramic Nanocomposites

Abstract The (1-x)Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3 (PNN-PZT) ceramic nanocomposites were fabricated via the bimodal particle sizes concept between nanosized PNN and micron-sized PZT powders. Crystal structure, microstructure and dielectric properties of all samples were investigated as a function of composition via a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dielectric spectroscopy techniques. It was found that, in general, the perovskite structure was formed. Broad dielectric transition maxima and high dielectric constant over a wide temperature range were obtained and could be attributed to the densification and compositional fluctuation derived from the employed bimodal particle size precursors.
Effect of Social Media Influencer Marketing on Consumers’ Purchase Intention and the Mediating Role of Credibility

Abstract A new digital marketing tool that has emerged today is that of social media influencer marketing. Social media influencers are those individuals who shape consumers’ perceptions regarding a brand or product through photos, videos and other updates on social media platforms. This research paper is an attempt to identify the effect of various attributes of social media influencers on their credibility and eventually on purchase intention of consumers in Delhi NCR, India. An online questionnaire was used to collect data through Google Forms and the size of the sample was 76. Quota sampling technique was used, and structural equation modeling through SmartPLS 3 was used for data analysis. The findings reveal that trustworthiness, information quality and entertainment value have significant direct effects on the credibility of influencers as well as significant indirect effects on the purchase intention of consumers. Also, the purchase intention of consumers is directly affected by an influencer’s trustworthiness and credibility.
Supramolecular Networks in Crystals of Metal(II) Complexes with Water-Soluble Salicylaldehyde-2-sulfobenzoylhydrazone Anion Ligand

A new water-soluble salicylaldehyde-2-sulfobenzoylhydrazone Schiff base anion ligand (HL-) has been designed and synthesized. The reaction of HL- with Zn(OAc)2·2H2O, CoCl2·6H2O, MnCl2·4H2O, NiSO4·7H2O, and Cu(OAc)2·H2O or CuBr2 led to the formation of five novel binuclear complexes, namely, [Zn2(L2-)2(H2O)4](H2O)4 (1), [Co2(L2-)2(H2O)4](H2O)4 (2), [Mn2(L2-)2(H2O)4](H2O)4 (3), [Ni2(L2-)2(H2O)4](H2O)2 (4), and [Cu2(L2-)2(H2O)2](H2O)12 (5), which were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, and X-ray crystallography. Structural investigations of complexes 1−5 revealed that the introduction of a hydrophilic group −SO3- to the benzoyl ring of salicylaldehyde-benzoylhydrazone facilitates intermolecular infinite hydrogen-bonding interactions, which lead to the formation of supramolecular networks and a dodecameric water cluster in the crystalline solid 5. Moreover, the electronegative −SO3- group in the ligand acts as a counteranion to balance the charge of frameworks, causing the ligand to coordin.
Web accessibility for citizens with reduced capacities on science portals: evaluation of MCTIC and Ciência Viva

ABSTRACT This investigation aims to study the accessibility of science dissemination web portals, focusing on citizens with some form of disability or limitation. Based on the theoretical framework developed by the Spanish Infoparticipa project and other similar studies that examine Brazil and Portugal, we analyse the two most important science dissemination portals in these two countries. The method is based on the design of a set of indicators that enable access to information by users with various physical limitations or disabilities to be measured, and which are subsequently verified through specific questionnaires. The analysis of the science dissemination portals examined here shows that there is still a deficit in terms of access to science information by all citizens, with the imposition of more specific accessibility rules being desirable.
Chemical composition of the background aerosol at two sites in southwestern and northwestern China: potential influences of regional transport

Concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), selected trace elements and water-soluble (WS) ions were determined for samples collected from August 2004 to February 2005 to assess the aerosol background at two remote sites in China. The OC and EC concentrations in PM10 from near the Tibetan Plateau at Zhuzhang (ZUZ) were comparable with other background sites, averaging 3.1 and 0.34 μg m-3, respectively, with no pronounced seasonality. At Akdala (AKD) on northern margin of the Zhungaer Basin, the average concentrations were similar (mean OC = 2.9 μg m-3 and EC = 0.35 μg m-3), but the concentrations were higher in winter. The aerosol mass at both sites was dominated by OC and SO4-2, but a stronger contribution from soil dust was observed at AKD. At ZUZ, NO3. showed a unique weather-related fluctuation in PM10 with a periodicity of ˜ 1 week. Anthropogenic sources in the Sichuan Basin and southeastern Yunnan Province evidently influence ZUZ in summer and autumn while pollutants from Russia and the Chinä CMongolia border affect AKD nearly all year. The identification of these upwind sources demonstrates that transboundary transport needs to be taken into account when assessing air quality in remote parts of China.
Achieving ultra-strong Magnesium–lithium alloys by low-strain rotary swaging

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) with deformation strain significantly larger than one is effective to strengthen metals and alloys. However, such a method will not work for Mg alloys due to their low deformability. In view of this problem, we propose a new alloy strengthening scheme of low-strain deformation, which is to introduce massive twins and stacking faults in coarse grain interior by rotary swaging (RS) at room temperature. By using this scheme, we successfully prepared an ultra-light bulk Mg-Li alloy with new strength record. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT IMPACT STATEMENT This paper explored a new strengthening way of low deformation strain for metals and alloys and successfully prepared a strongest ultra-light Mg–Li alloy by low-strain rotary swaging process.
Equilibrium pressures over the systems bismuth trisulfate‐dibismuthmonoxydisulfate and dibismuthmonoxydisulfate‐dibismuthdioxymonosulfate. Slow transformation between two crystalline forms of dibismuthmonoxydisulfate

Equilibrium total pressures over the named solid systems were obtained in a static system. Simultaneous establishment of equilibrium (4) by platinum black catalyst mixed with the solids allows the data to be represented in terms of the equilibria (1), (2), and (3). Bi2(SO4)3=β‐Bi2O(SO4)2+SO3, (1) ΔH°=38.39, ΔS°=43.9, Tm=785, Bi2(SO4)3=α‐Bi2O(SO4)2+SO3, (2) ΔH°=33.71, ΔS°=38.1, Tm=760, β‐Bi2O(SO4)2=Bi2O2SO4+SO3, (3) ΔH°=41.93, ΔS°=37.3, Tm=950, SO3=SO2+1/2 O2. (4) The enthalpy (kcal mol−1) and entropy changes (cal K−1 mol−1) are assigned to the middle of the range of temperatures covered Tm (K). The unusually sluggish transformation between the low temperature α and a new high temperature β form of Bi2O(SO4)2 allowed equilibrium pressures for equilibrium (1) to be determined below the transformation temperature Tt, where the β form is metastable, as well as above Tt. Pressure data for equilibria (1) and (2) gave Tt=811±2 K. Annealing‐x‐ray diffraction methods gave Tt=808±3 K. The entropy change for t.
Engaging young people in early psychosis services – a challenge for social work

ABSTRACT Gaining an understanding as to why youth engage or disengage with Early Psychosis Services (EPS) is important for social workers providing interventions to young people. The aim of the focus group study reported here was to explore the lived experience of six young people engaging with an EPS. Five key themes were identified as influencing engagement: hospital experiences and transition to the community EPS, experiences with EPS provision, stigma and involuntary treatment status, substance use, and the influence of family and social support. Identifying these factors can assist social work practitioners to develop interventions that encourage engagement with services.
Quantitative Absorption Spectroscopy of a Single Gold Nanorod

The spectrally- and polarization-resolved absorption cross-sections of a single gold nanorod have been investigated using the spatial modulation spectroscopy technique. The ensemble of its optical features, that is, longitudinal and transverse surface plasmon resonances and interband absorption, has been quantitatively characterized. The results are compared with numerical simulations using the discrete dipole approximation and the finite element method, yielding information on the investigated nanorod size and shape.
A Parallel Packed Memory Array to Store Dynamic Graphs

The ideal data structure for storing dynamic graphs would support fast updates as well as fast range queries which underlie graph traversals such as breadth-ﬁrst search. The Packed Memory Array (PMA) seems like a good candidate for this setting because it supports fast updates as well as cache-eﬃcient range queries. Concurrently updating a PMA raises challenges, however, because an update may require rewriting the entire structure. This paper introduces a parallel PMA with intra-and inter-operation parallelism and deadlock-free polylogarithmic-span operations. Our main observation is that the PMA is well-suited to concurrent updates despite occasionally requiring a rewrite of the entire structure because 1) most of the updates only write to a small part of the structure and 2) the worst case is highly parallel and cache-eﬃcient. To evaluate our data structure, we implemented Parallel Packed Compressed Sparse Row (PPCSR), a dynamic-graph processing framework that extends the Ligra interface with graph updates. We show that PPCSR is on average about 1 . 6x faster on graph kernels than Aspen, a state-of-the-art graph-streaming system. PPCSR achieves up to 80 million updates per second and is 2 − 5x faster than Aspen on most batch sizes. Finally, PPCSR is competitive with Ligra and Ligra+, two state-of-the-art static graph-processing frameworks.
Characteristics of Recent Aftershocks Sequences (2014, 2015, 2018) Derived from New Seismological and Geodetic Data on the Ionian Islands, Greece

In 2014–2018, four strong earthquakes occurred in the Ionian Sea, Greece. After these events, a rich aftershock sequence followed. More analytically, according to the manual solutions of the National Observatory of Athens, the first event occurred on 26 January 2014 in Cephalonia Island with magnitude ML = 5.8, followed by another in the same region on 3 February 2014 with magnitude ML = 5.7. The third event occurred on 17 November 2015, ML = 6.0 in Lefkas Island and the last on 25 October 2018, ML = 6.6 in Zakynthos Island. The first three of these earthquakes caused moderate structural damages, mainly in houses and produced particular unrest to the local population. This work determines a seismic moment tensor for both large and intermediate magnitude earthquakes (M > 4.0). Geodetic data from permanent GPS stations were analyzed to investigate the displacement due to the earthquakes.
Accuracy of nonparametric density estimation for univariate Gaussian Mixture Models: a Comparative Study

Flexible and reliable probability density estimation is fundamental in unsupervised learning and classification. Finite Gaussian mixture models are commonly used for this purpose. However, the parametric form of the distribution is not always known. In this case, non-parametric density estimation methods are used. Usually, these methods become computationally demanding as the number of components increases. In this paper, a comparative study of accuracy of some nonparametric density estimators is made by means of simulation. The following approaches have been considered: an adaptive bandwidth kernel estimator, a projection pursuit estimator, a logspline estimator, and a k-nearest neighbor estimator. It was concluded that data clustering as a pre-processing step improves the estimation of mixture densities. However, in case data does not have clearly defined clusters, the pre-preprocessing step does not give that much of advantage. The application of density estimators is illustrated using municipal solid waste data collected in Kaunas (Lithuania). The data distribution is similar (i.e., with kurtotic unimodal density) to the benchmark distribution introduced by Marron and Wand. Based on the homogeneity tests it can be concluded that distributions of the municipal solid waste fractions in Kutaisi (Georgia), Saint-Petersburg (Russia), and Boryspil (Ukraine) are statistically indifferent compared to the distribution of waste fractions in Kaunas. The distribution of waste data collected in Kaunas (Lithuania) follows the general observations introduced by Marron and Wand (i.e., has one mode and certain kurtosis).
Alkalinization Scenarios in the Mediterranean Sea for Efficient Removal of Atmospheric CO2 and the Mitigation of Ocean Acidification

It is now widely recognized that in order to reach the target of limiting global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels (as the objective of the Paris agreement), cutting the carbon emissions even at an unprecedented pace will not be sufficient, but there is the need for development and implementation of active Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) strategies. Among the CDR strategies that currently exist, relatively few studies have assessed the mitigation capacity of ocean-based Negative Emission Technologies (NET) and the feasibility of their implementation on a larger scale to support efficient implementation strategies of CDR. This study investigates the case of ocean alkalinization, which has the additional potential of contrasting the ongoing acidification resulting from increased uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the seas. More specifically, we present an analysis of marine alkalinization applied to the Mediterranean Sea taking into consideration the regional characteristics of the basin. Rather than using idealized spatially homogenous scenarios of alkalinization as done in previous studies, which are practically hard to implement, we use a set of numerical simulations of alkalinization based on current shipping routes to quantitatively assess the alkalinization efficiency via a coupled physical-biogeochemical model (NEMO-BFM) for the Mediterranean Sea at 1/16° horizontal resolution (~6 km) under an RCP4.5 scenario over the next decades. Simulations suggest the potential of nearly doubling the carbon-dioxide uptake rate of the Mediterranean Sea after 30 years of alkalinization, and of neutralizing the mean surface acidification trend of the baseline scenario without alkalinization over the same time span. These levels are achieved via two different alkalinization strategies that are technically feasible using the current network of cargo and tanker ships: a first approach applying annual discharge of 200 Mt Ca(OH)2 constant over the alkalinization period and a second approach with gradually increasing discharge proportional to the surface pH trend of the baseline scenario, reaching similar amounts of annual discharge by the end of the alkalinization period. We demonstrate that the latter approach allows to stabilize the mean surface pH at present day values and substantially increase the potential to counteract acidification relative to the alkalinity added, while the carbon uptake efficiency (mole of CO2 absorbed by the ocean per mole of alkalinity added) is only marginally reduced. Nevertheless, significant local alterations of the surface pH persist, calling for an investigation of the physiological and ecological implications of the extent of these alterations to the carbonate system in the short to medium term in order to support a safe, sustainable application of this CDR implementation.