Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
D ec 2 01 0 Out-of-equilibrium phase transitions in the HMF model : a closer look

We provide a detailed discussion of out-of-equilibrium phase transitions in the Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model in the framework of Lynden-Bell’s statistical theory of the Vlasov equation. For two-levels initial conditions, the caloric curve β(E) only depends on the initial value f0 of the distribution function. We evidence different regions in the parameter space where the nature of phase transitions between magnetized and non-magnetized states changes: (i) for f0 > 0.10965, the system displays a second order phase transition; (ii) for 0.109497 < f0 < 0.10965, the system displays a second order phase transition and a first order phase transition; (iii) for 0.10947 < f0 < 0.109497, the system displays two second order phase transitions; (iv) for f0 < 0.10947, there is no phase transition. The passage from a first order to a second order phase transition corresponds to a tricritical point. The sudden appearance of two second order phase transitions from nothing corresponds to a second order azeotropy. This is associated with a phenomenon of phase reentrance. When metastable states are taken into account, the problem becomes even richer. In particular, we find a new situation of phase reentrance. We consider both microcanonical and canonical ensembles and report the existence of a tiny region of ensembles inequivalence. We also explain why the use of the initial magnetization M0 as an external parameter, instead of the phase level f0, may lead to inconsistencies in the thermodynamical analysis.
Prediction of Blended Yarn Evenness and Tensile Properties by Using Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression

Abstract The present research work was carried out to develop the prediction models for blended ring spun yarn evenness and tensile parameters using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and multiple linear regression (MLR). Polyester/cotton blend ratio, twist multiplier, back roller hardness and break draft ratio were used as input parameters to predict yarn evenness in terms of CVm% and yarn tensile properties in terms of tenacity and elongation. Feed forward neural networks with Bayesian regularisation support were successfully trained and tested using the available experimental data. The coefficients of determination of ANN and regression models indicate that there is a strong correlation between the measured and predicted yarn characteristics with an acceptable mean absolute error values. The comparative analysis of two modelling techniques shows that the ANNs perform better than the MLR models. The relative importance of input variables was determined using rank analysis through input saliency test on optimised ANN models and standardised coefficients of regression models. These models are suitable for yarn manufacturers and can be used within the investigated knowledge domain.
E P ] 1 7 O ct 2 01 8 The Tunguska Event Revisited

The 1908 June 30 Tunguska Event (TE) is one of the best studied cases of a cosmic body impacting the Earth with global effects. However, still today, significant doubts are casted on the different proposed event reconstructions, because of shortage of reliable assets and uncertainties of available data. In the present work, we would like to revisit the atmospheric fragmentation of the Tunguska Cosmic Body (TCB) by taking into account the possibility that a metre-sized fragment caused the formation of the Lake Cheko, located at about 9 km North-West the epicentre. Our work favours the hypothesis that the TCB was a rubblepile asteroid composed by boulders with very different materials with different mechanical strengths, density, and porosity. The TCB was divided at least into two pieces by a close encounter with the Earth, short before the impact with our Planet: the main body (∼ 60 m diameter) produced the well-known airburst that devastated more than 2000 km2 of Siberian taigá, while the secondary one (6− 10 m diameter) fell without fragmentation in the Kimchu river region and excavated a ∼ 50 m depression, which presently hosts the Lake Cheko. This hypothesis requires that the secondary body was an extremely compact stone with high mechanical strength (∼ 300 MPa). It is a high, but not unrealistic, value, as shown by a similar case that occurred in 2007 near the village of Carancas (Peru). An extreme compactness is not necessary, if one considers that the crater excavation could be enhanced by the explosion of permafrost-trapped methane released and ignited during the impact process. In this case, a smaller fragment (∼ 2 m) with an average mechanical strength could reach the ground without fragmentation and is sufficient to excavate the Lake Cheko. We exclude the hypothesis of a single cosmic body ejecting a metre-sized fragment during or shortly before the airburst, because the resulting lateral velocity of such a large boulder was not enough to deviate to reach the alleged impact site. INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Bianchi 46, 23807, Merate (Italy). Email: luigi.foschini@inaf.it. CNR Istituto di Scienze Marine, Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna (Italy) INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna (Italy) Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126, Bologna (Italy)
Efﬁcacy of Supplementation of α -Amylase-Producing Bacterial Culture on the Performance, Nutrient Use, and Gut Morphology of Broiler Chickens Fed a Corn-Based Diet 1

A trial was conducted to evaluate the efﬁcacy of an Escherichia coli strain producing α -amylase of Bacillus stearothermophilus on growth performance, nutrient use, and the morphology of the small intestine of broilers fed a corn-based diet. One hundred thirty-ﬁve 1-d-old chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly divided into 3 groups and treated as follows: (i) basal diet (control); (ii) basal diet and water supplemented with an E. coli strain that produced amylase, and (iii) basal diet and water supplemented with an E. coli strain that produced amylase plus bacterial hemoglobin. At 21 d of age, supplementation of E. coli improved daily gain ( P < 0.05) and feed conversion ( P < 0.01). At the end of the trial, birds supplemented with water containing bacteria consumed more and grew faster ( P < 0.05) and had better feed conversion
Strategic Orientation of Romanian Healthcare Organizations from a Contingency Theory Perspective Based on Porter's Generic Strategy Model

Under limited financial and human resources, factors such as technological progress, increased life expectancy, and increased medical needs argued that health organizations should define their strategic direction in line with these challenges. The purpose of this paper is to determine the types of competitive advantage that Romanian healthcare organizations seek, as well as the types of organizational strategy, according to Porter’s Generic Strategy Model, from a Contingency Theory Perspective For this purpose, the collection and analysis of primary data, resulting from the answers provided by a sample relevant to the topic addressed, respectively, employees from the health system were enrolled. Scales measuring the orientation of health organizations toward obtaining competitive advantages through differentiation and through costs, as well as the range of strategic activities, were validated by exploratory factor analysis, and for the analysis of the results used the independent samples t test; additionally, one-way multivariate analysis of variance (One-Way MANOVA) and Hotelling’s T2 test were also used. The results of the research highlighted that, in general, healthcare units aim to achieve superior performance compared to competitors by differentiating the products/services offered, rather than reducing costs, and the tendency to aim to achieve one (or both) type(s) of competitive advantage, as well as the scope of strategic activities in which it is achieved, differ according to several contingency factors, including location in a certain geographical area, the type of health organization, and their age and size.
A Robust Approach for Modeling Bighorn Sheep Habitat

Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) are endemic to dry, mountainous regions of North America, but many populations were extirpated shortly after European colonization. Consequently, reintroducing bighorn sheep has been a major undertaking throughout the western United States. GIS has been used to evaluate bighorn sheep habitat since the 1990’s. In this study, we developed habitat-use models for female bighorn sheep using GIS and logistic regression. We created habitat models for two study areas in north-central Utah, which classified 85.2 to 95.9% of bighorn locations correctly. When the habitat models were extrapolated to areas with bighorn sheep and validated with known bighorn locations, they correctly classified 94.0 to 95.4% of locations. We found slope and tree cover to be robust variables that accurately predicted habitat-use of bighorns. Our results provide managers with a tool to predict habitat-use of bighorn sheep at a landscape scale.
A P ] 6 F eb 2 01 3 REGULARITY PROPERTIES OF NONLOCAL MINIMAL SURFACES VIA LIMITING

We prove an improvement of flatness result for nonlocal minimal surfaces which is independent of the fractional parameter s when s → 1−. As a consequence, we obtain that all the nonlocal minimal cones are flat and that all the nonlocal minimal surfaces are smooth when the dimension of the ambient space is less or equal than 7 and s is close to 1. The purpose of this paper is to study some regularity properties of nonlocal minimal surfaces as they approach the classical minimal surfaces. Let n > 2 and s ∈ (0, 1). Given two non-overlapping (measurable) subsets A and B of Rn, we define L(A,B) := ∫
Effects of Rumen-Protected Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestion, Nitrogen Utilisation and Plasma Amino Acid Profiles of Liaoning Cashmere Goats

Simple Summary Dietary methionine deficiency can limit the body growth and cashmere production of cashmere goats, leading to excessive nitrogen (N) excretion. This study demonstrated that rumen-protected methionine supplementation improved the growth performance of cashmere goats and reduced their manure N excretions and plasma urea N levels during the seasonal growth of cashmere fibres. The formulation of diets supplemented with rumen-protected methionine can enhance the utilisation of N and maximise the production capacity of cashmere goats. Abstract This study determined the effects of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) utilisation and plasma amino acid profiles of Liaoning cashmere goats during cashmere fibre growth. Twenty-four yearling male cashmere goats (body weight: 35.41 ± 1.13 kg) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: a corn–soybean meal basal diet deficient in methionine (negative control, NC) and a basal diet supplemented with 1, 2 and 3 g/kg of RPM. The RPM supplementation quadratically increased the average daily gain (ADG) and decreased the feed to gain ratio (p = 0.001) without affecting the final body weight and dry matter intake. In particular, compared to NC, 2 g/kg RPM supplementation increased the ADG by 35 g/d (p < 0.001) and resulted in the lowest feed to gain ratio (p < 0.001). RPM increased the apparent total tract digestibility of N and decreased the faecal N levels, both in a linear fashion (p = 0.005). Urinary N levels did not have an effect, but the N retention levels increased linearly with PRM (p = 0.032). Moreover, the RPM decreased the plasma urea N levels (p < 0.001) and increased the plasma Met levels quadratically (p < 0.001). In conclusion, RPM supplementation in the diet of cashmere goats can enhance the utilisation of N and improve ADG during the cashmere fibre growing period, and 2 g/kg of RPM in the diet is suggested.
EXPERIMENT 4

1. Measure the position and velocity of an object that is moving with: a. A constant velocity, and b. Constant acceleration 2. Explore the relationships between position, velocity and acceleration, 3. Analyze the graphs of position and velocity vs. time for a cart’s motion, 4. Explain how the slope of the velocity graph relates to the acceleration of the object, 5. Analyze the motion of an object in free fall, and 6. Measure the acceleration of gravity of an object in free fall
Perturbation of mRNP biogenesis reveals a dynamic landscape of the Rrp6-dependent surveillance machinery trafficking along the yeast genome

ABSTRACT Eukaryotic cells have evolved a nuclear quality control (QC) system to monitor the co-transcriptional mRNA processing and packaging reactions that lead to the formation of export-competent ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs). Aberrant mRNPs that fail to pass the QC steps are retained in the nucleus and eliminated by the exonuclease activity of Rrp6. It is still unclear how the surveillance system is precisely coordinated both physically and functionally with the transcription machinery to detect the faulty events that may arise at each step of transcript elongation and mRNP formation. To dissect the QC mechanism, we previously implemented a powerful assay based on global perturbation of mRNP biogenesis in yeast by the bacterial Rho helicase. By monitoring model genes, we have shown that the QC process is coordinated by Nrd1, a component of the NNS complex (Nrd1-Nab3-Sen1) involved in termination, processing and decay of ncRNAs which is recruited by the CTD of RNAP II. Here, we have extended our investigations by analyzing the QC behaviour over the whole yeast genome. We performed high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to survey a large collection of mRNPs whose biogenesis is affected by Rho action and which can be rescued upon Rrp6 depletion. This genome-wide perspective was extended by generating high-resolution binding landscapes (ChIP-seq) of QC components along the yeast chromosomes before and after perturbation of mRNP biogenesis. Our results show that perturbation of mRNP biogenesis redistributes the QC components over the genome with a significant hijacking of Nrd1 and Nab3 from genomic loci producing ncRNAs to Rho-affected protein-coding genes, triggering termination and processing defects of ncRNAs.
16 S rRNAgene-basedanalysis ofmucosa-associated bacterial communityand phylogeny in the chickengastrointestinal tracts : fromcrops to ceca

communityand phylogeny in the chickengastrointestinal tracts: fromcrops to ceca Jianhua Gong, Weiduo Si, Robert J. Forster, Ruilin Huang, Hai Yu, Yulong Yin, Chengbo Yang & Yanming Han Food Research Program, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada; Lethbridge Research Center, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China; and Maple Leaf Foods Agresearch, Guelph, ON, Canada
2 1 D ec 2 01 8 RIGIDITY SEQUENCES , KAZHDAN SETS AND GROUP TOPOLOGIES ON THE INTEGERS by Catalin Badea

— We study the relationships between three different classes of sequences (or sets) of integers, namely rigidity sequences, Kazhdan sequences (or sets) and nullpotent sequences. We prove that rigidity sequences are non-Kazhdan and nullpotent, and that all other implications are false. In particular, we show by probabilistic means that there exist sequences of integers which are both nullpotent and Kazhdan. Moreover, using Baire category methods, we provide general criteria for a sequence of integers to be a rigidity sequence. Finally, we give a new proof of the existence of rigidity sequences which are dense in Z for the Bohr topology, a result originally due to Griesmer.
America's Economic Way of War: War and the US Economy from the Spanish-American War to the Persian Gulf War

1. A century of war 2. The economics of war 3. The Spanish-American War 4. The Philippine-American War 5. World War I 6. World War II 7. The Korean War 8. The Cold War 9. The Vietnam War 10. The Persian Gulf War 11. The American way of war.
Mandibular Spatial Reorientation and Morphological Alteration of Crouzon and Apert Syndrome.

BACKGROUND From infancy to adulthood, the mandible develops increased ramus height, prominence of the chin, and laterally widened gonial angles. In Crouzon and Apert syndromes, both relative retrognathia and prognathic jaws have been reported. Growth is influenced by a variety of factors, including the growth and relative position of the skull base, functional coordination, and the spatial influence of the laryngopharynx. Thus, this study aimed to explore in detail the evolution of the mandible in both syndromes and its relationship with the entire facial structure and skull base. METHODS One hundred twenty-three preoperative computed tomographic scans (Crouzon, n = 36; Apert, n = 33; control, n = 54) were included and divided into 5 age subgroups. Computed tomographic scans were measured using Materialise software. Cephalometrics relating to the mandible, facial structures, and cranial base were collected. Statistical analyses were performed using t test and statistical power analysis. RESULTS In Crouzon syndrome, the angle between the cranial base and gnathion was increased prior to 6 months of age by 10.29 degrees (P < 0.001) and by adulthood to 11.95 degrees (P = 0.003) compared with normal. After 6 months of age, the distance between bilateral mandibular condylions (COR-COL) was narrower by 15% (P < 0.001) in Crouzon syndrome compared with control subjects. Before 6 months of age, Apert COR-COL decreased 16% (P < 0.001) compared with control subjects and 13% (P = 0.006) narrower than Crouzon. During 2 to 6 years of age, Apert mandibular ramus height caught up to, and became longer than, Crouzon by 12% (P = 0.011). The nasion-sella-articulare angle of the Apert skull was 5.04 degrees (P < 0.001) less than Crouzon overall. CONCLUSIONS In Crouzon syndrome, the changes of the spatial relationship of the mandible to the cranial base develop earlier than the mandibular shape deformity, whereas in Apert syndrome, the spatial and morphological changes are synchronous. The morphological changes of the mandible are disproportional in 3 directions, initially significant shortening of the mandibular width and length, and, subsequently, reduced height. Crouzon has more shortening in mandibular height compared with Apert, reflecting the more shortened posterior cranial base length. The narrowed angle between the mandible and the posterior cranial base in Apert skulls is consistent with the more limited nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airway space.
Ju l 2 00 7 Giant magnon bound states from strongly coupled N = 4 SYM

We calculate in a very simple way the spectrum of giant magnon bound states at strong coupling in N = 4 SYM, by utilizing the description of the field theory vacuum in terms of a condensate of eigenvalues of commuting matrices. We further show that these calculations can be understood in terms of the central charge extension that permits the calculation of BPS masses in the Coulomb branch of N = 4 SYM. This paper shows further evidence that the strong coupling expansion of the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions can be done systematically from first principles, without the assumption of integrability.
Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathology, immunobiology and advances in diagnosis, vaccine designing and control strategies – a comprehensive review

Abstract Nipah (Nee-pa) viral disease is a zoonotic infection caused by Nipah virus (NiV), a paramyxovirus belonging to the genus Henipavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. It is a biosafety level-4 pathogen, which is transmitted by specific types of fruit bats, mainly Pteropus spp. which are natural reservoir host. The disease was reported for the first time from the Kampung Sungai Nipah village of Malaysia in 1998. Human-to-human transmission also occurs. Outbreaks have been reported also from other countries in South and Southeast Asia. Phylogenetic analysis affirmed the circulation of two major clades of NiV as based on currently available complete N and G gene sequences. NiV isolates from Malaysia and Cambodia clustered together in NiV-MY clade, whereas isolates from Bangladesh and India clusterered within NiV-BD clade. NiV isolates from Thailand harboured mixed population of sequences. In humans, the virus is responsible for causing rapidly progressing severe illness which might be characterized by severe respiratory illness and/or deadly encephalitis. In pigs below six months of age, respiratory illness along with nervous symptoms may develop. Different types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays along with molecular methods based on polymerase chain reaction have been developed for diagnostic purposes. Due to the expensive nature of the antibody drugs, identification of broad-spectrum antivirals is essential along with focusing on small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). High pathogenicity of NiV in humans, and lack of vaccines or therapeutics to counter this disease have attracted attention of researchers worldwide for developing effective NiV vaccine and treatment regimens.
Stigma and Quality of Life in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer.

OBJECTIVES To identify groups of participants with high and low levels of stigma and to examine the influence of stigma on social support, social constraints, symptom severity, symptom interference, and quality of life (QOL). SAMPLE & SETTING 62 individuals with lung cancer were identified and recruited from a comprehensive cancer center in the southeastern United States. METHODS & VARIABLES Participants completed a questionnaire that included demographic information and measures of stigma, symptom severity and interference, social support, social constraints, and QOL. IBM SPSS Statistics TwoStep Cluster Analysis was used to identify high- and low-stigma groups. Independent sample t tests were used to compare differences between the groups. RESULTS 22 participants had a high level of stigma; they had significantly higher symptom severity on feeling distressed, problems remembering things, and feeling sad, and greater symptom interference related to mood, relations with others, and enjoyment of life. Participants also had significantly higher levels of social support and lower social constraints. Stigma was significantly related to lower levels of QOL. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nurses should be aware that stigma may influence various factors throughout the disease trajectory; they can privately assess individuals with lung cancer for access to social supports, feelings of stigma, and QOL, and make appropriate referrals as needed.
PHD IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT RESEARCH : WHAT IS ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE ? THE CASE OF TQM

The ultimate test of any PhD is how it contributes to knowledge. However, other criterion must still be met in order to satisfy the requirements of a PhD in Construction Management. In order to demonstrate the process undertaken towards contribution, this paper highlights the two steps of the research process that were utilised, the positivist and phenomenological approaches as two distinct methodologies. The aims of the paper are two fold. First to highlight the general requirements of meeting the PhD criteria in Construction Management research, and second, to match the specific criteria of contribution to knowledge with illustrative examples by exploring the application and theory development. Using the topic of 'Total Quality Management' in the fields of ' Operations Management' and 'Construction Management' as prime examples, the research undertaken and contribution made in achieving in obtaining the PhD are presented. Examples of the required criteria are illustrated. This paper can be of benefit to researchers in the writing up phase of the PhD in clarifying what constitutes the contribution to knowledge