Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shapes of orthotropic plates for minimum energy concentration

Abstract Orthotropic materials are now frequently used in engineering design. There is thus a need to understand the effects of optimal shape design with these materials. Stiffness as well as strength are direction-dependent, and designs that are rather different from optimal shapes should be expected with isotropic materials. This is confirmed in this paper. However, for minimum energy concentration and one load case, optimal designs still exhibit uniform energy density. For orthotropic materials, an extensive study is performed, including design dependence on the analysis modeling. In the last part of the paper, combinations with thickness and ori-entational optimization are included. It is concluded that established methods can be directly extended.
Fluctuations and anomalous transport in tokamaks

This is a review of what is known about fluctuations and anomalous transport processes in tokamaks. It mostly considers experimental results obtained after, and not included in, the reviews of Liewer [Nucl. Fusion 25, 543 (1985)], Robinson [in Turbulence and Anomalous Transport in Magnetized Plasmas (Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France, 1986), p. 21], and Surko [in Turbulence and Anomalous Transport in Magnetized Plasmas (Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France, 1986), p. 93]. Therefore much of the pioneering work in the field is not covered. Emphasis is placed on results where comparisons between fluctuations and transport properties have been attempted, particularly from the tokamak TEXT [Nucl. Technol. /Fusion 1, 479 (1981)]. A brief comparison of experimentally measured total fluxes with the predictions of neoclassical theory demonstrates that transport is often anomalous; fluctuations are thought to be the cause.The measurements necessary to determine any such fluctuation‐driven fluxes are described. The diagnostics used to measure these quantities, together with some of the statistical techniques employed to analyze the data, are outlined. In the plasma edge detailed measurements of the quantities required to directly determine the fluctuation‐driven fluxes are available. The total and fluctuation‐driven fluxes are compared: the result emphasizes the importance of edge turbulence. No model adequately describes all the measured properties. In the confinement region experimental observations are presently restricted to measurements of density and potential fluctuations and their correlations. Various distinct turbulence features that have been observed are described, and their characteristics compared with the predictions of various models. Correlations observed between these fluctuations and plasma transport properties are summarized. A separate section on magnetic fluctuations shows there is very little information available inside the plasma, generally prohibiting quantified comparisons between fluctuation levels and transport. Both coherent and turbulent magnetic fluctuations are addressed, and the differences between low and high plasma pressure (low and high beta) are noted. The contributions of alternate confinement devices, such as stellarators and reversed field pinches, to understanding tokamak anomalous transport are discussed. Finally, future directions are proposed.
Derating of Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor Due to Rotating Harmonics in Power Voltage Supply

This paper presents a method for determining the load capacity of three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors supplied with a balanced distorted voltage containing rotating harmonics (1st, 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th,.). The method is based on the dependence of the motor load capacity on the load power losses in the rotor cage. The load capacity was determined based on motor short-circuit measurements made for frequencies equal to harmonic frequencies. To evaluate the load capacity, a factor with the proposed name Harmonic Losses Factor (HLF) was introduced. Its expression is a generalization of the well-known HVF expression. However, it has been shown that a more accurate estimation of the load capacity is obtained using the sum of load power losses in the rotor cage from higher harmonics. Measurements and calculations were carried out for a low-voltage squirrel-cage motor with a rated power of 22 kW and a synchronous speed of 1500 rpm. Calculations showed that the derating power curves given in the IEC 60034-17 and NEMA MG1 standards are incorrect for the tested motor.
A Generalized Zero-Shot Learning Scheme for SSVEP-Based BCI System

The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) has been widely used in building multi-target brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) based on electroencephalogram (EEG). However, methods for high-accuracy SSVEP systems require training data for each target, which needs significant calibration time. This study aimed to use the data of only part of the targets for training while achieving high classification accuracy on all targets. In this work, we proposed a generalized zero-shot learning (GZSL) scheme for SSVEP classification. We divided the target classes into seen and unseen classes and trained the classifier only using the seen classes. During the test time, the search space contained both seen classes and unseen classes. In the proposed scheme, the EEG data and the sine waves are embedded into the same latent space using convolutional neural networks (CNN). We use the correlation coefficient of the two outputs in the latent space for classification. Our method was tested on two public datasets and reached 89.9% of the classification accuracy of the state-of-the-art (SOTA) data-driven method, which needs the training data of all targets. Compared to the SOTA training-free method, our method achieved a multifold improvement. This work shows that it is promising to build an SSVEP classification system that does not need the training data of all targets.
Cancer Vaccines for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the subtype of breast cancer with the poorest outcomes, and is associated with a high risk of relapse and metastasis. The treatment choices for this malignancy have been confined to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, due to a lack of expression of the canonical molecular targets. Immunotherapy has been recently changing the treatment paradigm for many types of tumors, and the approach of evoking active immune responses in the milieu of breast tumors through cancer vaccines has been introduced as one of the most novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Accordingly, a number of vaccines for the treatment or prevention of recurrence have been developed and are currently being studied in TNBC patients, while none have yet received any approvals. To elucidate the efficacy and safety of these vaccines, we performed a systematic review of the available literature on the topic. After searching the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases, a total of 5701 results were obtained, from which 42 clinical studies were eventually included based on the predefined criteria. The overall quality of the included studies was acceptable. However, due to a lack of reporting outcomes of survival or progression in some studies (which were presented as conference abstracts) as well as the heterogeneity of the reported outcomes and study designs, we were not able to carry out a meta-analysis. A total of 32 different vaccines have so far been evaluated in TNBC patients, with the majority belonging to the peptide-based vaccine type. The other vaccines were in the cell or nucleic acid (RNA/DNA)-based categories. Most vaccines proved to be safe with low-grade, local adverse events and could efficiently evoke cellular immune responses; however, most trials were not able to demonstrate significant improvements in clinical indices of efficacy. This is in part due to the limited number of randomized studies, as well as the limited TNBC population of each trial. However, due to the encouraging results of the currently published trials, we anticipate that this strategy could show its potential through larger, phase III randomized studies in the near future.
Optically thick, time-dependent spherical accretion onto a black hole. I. Equations and numerical methods

Accretion onto a compact object is almost certainly the mechanism powering many of the observed powerful X-ray sources, and may also be the key to the luminosity from the nuclei of active galaxies and QSOs. We consider here the equations for fully relativistic, optically thick, spherical, time-dependent accretion onto a black hole, and an approach to their numerical solution. Radiation energy transport is treated in the diffusion approximation, and magnetic dissipative heating is included. An implicit algorithm with a fixed Eulerian spatial mesh is presented, allowing accurate treatment of flow for which the time scales vary rapidly with radius. Examples of accretion flows which are optically thin at large radii, and which are optically thick everywhere, are given. These low solutions were all found to quickly converge to steady state. With no magnetic dissipation, the net escaping luminosities are much less than the Eddington luminosity. With dissipation however, net luminosities near the Eddington luminosity can be readily achieved.
Flying rebound: consequences of the imposed flying sufficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Political measures during the COVID-19 pandemic forced consumers to cancel flights, resulting in significant decreases of their individual greenhouse gas emissions. This paper introduces the concept of imposed flying sufficiency and asks whether this could lead to a flying rebound. Imposed flying sufficiency describes that external factors, such as political measures during the pandemic, force consumers to reduce their flights. The term flying rebound refers to the gap between the emissions that could be potentially saved due to flying sufficiency and the actualized emissions savings due to adjusted flying behavior. A major contribution of this paper is combining the economic mechanisms with moral-psychological aspects of rebound effects in an experimental study. In a 2 (with/without economic hint) × 2 (with/without ecological hint) between-subjects experimental study, this paper analyzes how the awareness of monetary savings and the awareness of ecological consequences affect consumers’ flying intentions. The study reveals an interaction effect of these two aspects: While awareness of the monetary savings will increase flying intentions, awareness of the ecological consequences will buffer this effect. Furthermore, the degree to which consumers feel flight shame, strongly moderates the economic and ecological hints’ impact. Finally, the paper provides implications for managers and policymakers.
Improvement of Alternaria Leaf Blotch and Fruit Spot of Apple Control through the Management of Primary Inoculum

Alternaria spp. is the causal agent of apple leaf blotch and fruit spot, diseases of recent appearance in Spain. The overwinter inoculum of Alternaria spp. is the source of primary infections in apple, thus the aim of this work was to optimize the control of infection through two environmentally friendly inoculum-management strategies, the removal of winter fallen leaves and the treatment of leaves with the biological agent Trichoderma asperellum to inhibit or prevent inoculum development in commercial orchards. The results of commercial orchard trials showed that leaf aspiration and application of T. asperellum on the ground have efficacy to reduce fruit spot between 50 and 80% and leaf blotch of between 30 and 40% depending on the year. The efficacies on the reduction of leaf blotch were slightly lower than of fruit spot. Disease reduction has been related to a reduction of total spores released during the season. Results of dynamics of spore release indicate that factors influencing spore release were rainfall and temperature. In conclusion, the use of environmentally friendly strategies combined with standard fungicides, and with monitoring environmental conditions, might allow a reduction in the number of phytosanitary applications, thus achieving the goal of reducing their use.
DETECTION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED RICE LOCALLY AVAILABLE IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cereal crop that provides food to half of the world's population. Pakistan's traditional and premium quality rice is mostly exported to Europe. Transgenic or genetically modified rice (GM RICE) has been developed in the USA, China, and other countries, like herbicide-tolerant Liberty-Link rice (LLRICE06, LLRICE62, LLRICE601) and insect-resistant Bt-63. International and national biosafety regulations allow countries to stop the import of any genetically modified organism (GMO) due to its possible safety concerns. PCR-based methods are recommended for the accurate detection of GM rice. Qualitative PCR is used to detect the presence or absence of GMOs in a rice sample. The objective of this study was to check the presence of GMOs in the rice samples collected from rice-growing areas in Punjab. Eighty-two rice samples were collected randomly from various markets/locations in rice-growing areas of Punjab for this study. Twelve bulks were prepared to represent eighty-two rice samples. The CTAB method was used to extract the DNA from rice samples to analyze it. PCR of rice bulk samples was performed using primers specific for SPS, CP, p35S, tNOS, nptII, Hpt and Bt 63 rice. Positive and negative controls were included in each PCR. Primers specific for chloroplast (CP) and Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) genes were used to confirm DNA quality for amplification. Then, primers specific for the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and the Agrobacterium nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator were used for the detection of GM rice through PCR, neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) and Hygromycin phosphotransferase (Hpt) were used as a selectable marker and Bt 63 rice was used in insect resistance. The gel electrophoresis of PCR was conducted using a DNA ladder and then taking of the image was through gel documentation system for visualization and analysis. According to the results, all the rice bulks representing the eighty-two rice samples were negative for p35S, tNOS, nptII, Hygro and Bt 63 rice event. These findings are encouraging and demonstrate that rice grown in kalar track of Punjab, Pakistan, is non-GMO. Such surveillance and monitoring would be largely beneficial to maintain the purity of our traditional non-GM rice and to avoid any possible mixing of GM rice seeds, especially at the time of import. All these efforts will ensure and protect our national share in the international trade of rice.
Proper Motion of Binary Pulsars as a Source of Secular Variations of Orbital Parameters

The proper motion of a binary pulsar gradually changes the apparent geometrical orientation of its orbital plane. Consequently, the derived values of the projected semimajor axis of the orbit and the longitude of orbital periastron have systematic errors that limit the precision of fundamental tests of relativistic gravity in the strong gravity field regime unless this effect is taken into account. On the other hand, possible observation of this effect with relativistic contributions calculated using general relativity may provide a tool for determining the orbital inclination and the longitude of the ascending node of the binary. This same technique may also be used in optical spectral observations of binary stars that possess a sufficiently high-quality determination of their radial velocity curve.
F-modules: applications to local cohomology and D-modules in characteristic p>0.

Let F: Ä-mod -* Ä-mod be the Frobenius functor of Peskine-Szpiro [PSz], 1.1. 2. An F-module, or, more accurately, an FÄ-module is a pair (Jt, 0), where M is an Ä-module and : M » F ( J f ) is an -module isomorphism. F-modules form an abelian category (Definition 1.1). It should be noted that our notion of F-module is, in a sense, dual to the notion of level (R, F)-module of Hartshorne-Speiser [HaSp], Sec.l. It has been known that local cohomology modules of R with support in any ideal / c R have the property that they are isomorphic to their own images under the Frobenius functor and this fact has been used, for example, by Hartshorne-Speiser [HaSp], Huneke-Sharp [HuSh], Peskine-Szpiro [PSz] and Sharp [Sh] to study local cohomology, but a systematic theory of modules having this property has not been constructed. One of our main goals in this paper is to develop such a theory.
Clarification of contesting results for the total magnetic moment of Ni/Cu(001)

The aim of this work is to give an experimental answer to the ``contesting results'' concerning the magnetic moments of ultrathin Ni layers. The total magnetic moment of ultrathin Ni/Cu(001) films from 4 to 20 monolayers is measured by an ultrahigh vacuum compatible high-${T}_{c}$ SQUID magnetometer and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The magnetization of all Ni films is close to the bulk value for all thicknesses confirming recent theoretical predictions and experiments but contradicts former experimental findings reporting strongly reduced magnetic moments. A reduction of the Ni moment to $0.46{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}/\mathrm{atom}$ is only measurable by capping a 4 monolayer film with Cu. This is dicussed in terms of enhanced surface and reduced interface magnetic moments attributed to hybridization effects between Ni and Cu.
A partition property of simplices in Euclidean space

In a series of papers, Erdos et al. [E] have investigated this property. They have shown that all Ramsey sets are spherical, that is, every Ramsey set is contained in an appropriate sphere. On the other hand, they have shown that the vertex set (and, therefore, all its subsets) of bricks (d-dimensional parallelepipeds) is Ramsey. The simplest sets that are spherical but cannot be embedded into the vertex set of a brick are the sets of obtuse triangles. In [FR1], it is shown that they are indeed Ramsey, using Ramsey's Theorem (cf. [G2]) and the Product Theorem of [E]. The aim of the present paper is twofold. First, we want to show that the vertex set of every nondegenerate simplex in any dimension is Ramsey. Second, we want to show that for both simplices and bricks, and even for their products, one can in fact choose n(r, B) = c(B)logr, where c(B) is an appropriate positive constant. The paper is organized as follows. In ? 2, super-Ramsey property is introduced. This notion is stronger than being Ramsey. It is shown that the direct product of super-Ramsey sets is super-Ramsey. In ? 3, it is shown that if every edge of an n-dimensional simplex is between 1 e and 1 + e with e = e(n) being a sufficiently small positive number, then it can be embedded into a brick, i.e., into the direct product of two-element sets. In ? 4, it is proved that given a nondegenerate simplex with edge lengths aij, 1 0, there exists some super-Ramsey simplex whose edge lengths vi verify la 2_-v2jI
Genomic Epidemiology of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in Cyprus from November 2020 to October 2021: The Passage of Waves of Alpha and Delta Variants of Concern

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 resulted in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has had devastating repercussions for public health. Over the course of this pandemic, the virus has continuously been evolving, resulting in new, more infectious variants that have frequently led to surges of new SARS-CoV-2 infections. In the present study, we performed detailed genetic, phylogenetic, phylodynamic and phylogeographic analyses to examine the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Cyprus using 2352 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from infected individuals in Cyprus during November 2020 to October 2021. During this period, a total of 61 different lineages and sublineages were identified, with most falling into three groups: B.1. 258 & sublineages, Alpha (B.1.1.7 & Q. sublineages), and Delta (B.1.617.2 & AY. sublineages), each encompassing a set of S gene mutations that primarily confer increased transmissibility as well as immune evasion. Specifically, these lineages were coupled with surges of new infections in Cyprus, resulting in the following: the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Cyprus, comprising B.1. 258 & sublineages, during late autumn 2020/beginning of winter 2021; the third wave, comprising Alpha (B.1.1.7 & Q. sublineages), during spring 2021; and the fourth wave, comprising Delta (B.1.617.2 & AY. sublineages) during summer 2021. Additionally, it was identified that these lineages were primarily imported from and exported to the UK, Greece, and Sweden; many other migration links were also identified, including Switzerland, Denmark, Russia, and Germany. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Cyprus was characterized by successive introduction of new lineages from a plethora of countries, resulting in the generation of waves of infection. Overall, this study highlights the importance of investigating the spatiotemporal evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the context of Cyprus, as well as the impact of protective measures placed to mitigate transmission of the virus, providing necessary information to safeguard public health.
IMPLICATIONS OF USING GRAB FOOD APPLICATIONS ON CONSUMER SATISFACTION

The emergence and explosion of the internet in this technological era has provided an online business platform for services and products. One of them is the food delivery industry. Online food delivery is a service that allows customers to purchase food from a website or mobile app and have it delivered to their home. This study aims to determine and explain the effect of purchasing experience on customer trust and customer satisfaction with Grab Food customers. The choice of location for this research considers that customers who usually buy food using Grab Food are customers whose market segments are in large urban communities. The exogenous variable in this study is the buying experience, while the endogenous variable is customer trust and satisfaction. This study provides insight into customer satisfaction with mobile food delivery apps from the new norm of a COVID-19 scalable perspective. The quality of the application website and the convenience of using the application are revealed as important factors that significantly affect customer satisfaction during the pandemic.
Reinforcement Learning-Based Near Optimization for Continuous-Time Markov Jump Singularly Perturbed Systems

The design of a suboptimal controller for continuous-time Markov jump singularly perturbed systems with partially unknown dynamics is studied in this brief. With fast and slow decomposition technique, the original Markov jump singularly perturbed systems are decomposed into fast and slow subsystems as a new attempt. On this basis, an offline parallel Kleinman algorithm and an online parallel integral reinforcement learning algorithm are presented to cope with the different subsystems, respectively. Meanwhile, the controllers obtained by the above two algorithms are used to design the suboptimal controllers for original systems. Furthermore, the suboptimality of the proposed controllers is also discussed. Finally, an example of the electric circuit model is shown to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method.