Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficiency Upgrade of Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles’ Energy Management Strategies by Online Systemic Management of Fuel Cell

In this article, an approach for boosting the efficiency of energy management strategies (EMSs) in fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles using an online systemic management of the fuel cell system (FCS) is put forward. Unlike other similar works which solely determine the requested current from the FCS, this article capitalizes on simultaneous regulation of current and temperature, which have different dynamic behavior. In this regard, first, an online systemic management scheme is developed to guarantee the supply of the requested power from the stack with the highest efficiency. This scheme is based on an updatable three-dimensional map which relates the requested power from the stack to its optimal temperature and current. Second, two different EMSs are used to distribute the power between the FCS and battery. The EMSs’ constraints are constantly updated by the online model to embrace the stack performance drifts owing to degradation and operating conditions variation. Finally, the effect of integrating the developed online systemic management into the EMSs’ design is experimentally scrutinized under two standard driving cycles and indicated that up to 3.7% efficiency enhancement can be reached by employing such a systemic approach. Moreover, FCS's health adaptation unawareness can increase the hydrogen consumption up to 6.6%.
Doses e métodos de aplicação de nitrogênio em girassol

A sunflower field experiment was carried out during the growing seasons of 1991/92; 92/93 and 93/94, on an Typic Eutrorthox. The applied levels of nitrogen (N) were 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1 and the application methods were: 1. incorporated/moldboard plow (broadcasted with incorporation with moldboard plow down to 30 cm depth before sowing); 2. incorporated/disk bars (broadcasted with incorporation with disk bars before seedbed preparation); 3. incorporated/grade/split (30% of N broadcasted with incorporation with disk bars before seedbed preparation and the remaining N 30 days after the sunflower emergency). The effect of different levels and methods of N supply were evaluated through grain yield, weight of 1,000 achenes, plant height, and stem diameter. Phosphorus and potassium were applied together with N fertilization. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with split-plots and four replicates, with N rates in the main plots and methods in the split-plots. A density of 42,857 plants ha-1 occupied a total area of 3,528 m2. Grain yield increased with N levels up to 90 kg ha-1, while the economic level was obtained with 17.5 kg ha-1 of N. The highest grain yield and 1,000 achenes weight were achieved during the 1993/94 season, while the highest plant height and stem diameter were obtained in 1991/92. Different methods of N application did not affect grain yield. On the other hand, the greatest 1.000 achenes weight was obtained with the incorporated/grade/split method of N incorporation. However, for the other variables N incorporation with moldboard plow gave greater values.
Exhibition attachment: effects on customer satisfaction, complaints and loyalty

ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship among dimensions of exhibition attachment, customer satisfaction, complaints and loyalty by constructing the structural model on the theories of place attachment and American Customer Satisfaction Index. The model tested on attendees participating the Chinese Beauty Exposition showed that (1) Dimensions of exhibition attachment significantly and positively influences customer satisfaction and loyalty; (2) Dimensions of exhibition attachment indirectly positively affect customer loyalty and negatively influence complaints through satisfaction; (3) Affective attachment has stronger negative impact on customers complaints than functional dependence does. Based on these findings, both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Violence and the crime drop

According to the Crime Survey for England and Wales, violence fell dramatically between 1995 and 2013/14. To improve understanding of the fall in violent crime, this study examines long-term crime trends in England and Wales over the past two decades, by scrutinizing the trends in (a) stranger and acquaintance violence, (b) severity of violence, (c) age groups, and (d) sexes. It draws on nationally representative, weighted data from the Crime Survey for England and Wales, and examines prevalence, incidence and crime concentration trends. The overall violence fall was driven by a decline in the victimization of young individuals and/or males perpetrated by acquaintances since 1995. Stranger and acquaintance violence followed different trajectories, with the former beginning to drop post 2003/4. Falls in both stranger and acquaintance violence incidence rates were led by a reduction in victims over time. Counting all incidents reported by the same victim (instead of capping at five incidents) significantly affects trends in stranger violence but not in acquaintance violence. In relation to the distributive justice within the crime drop, this study provides unique evidence of equitable falls in acquaintance violence but inequitable falls in stranger violence. These findings highlight the need to examine violence types separately and point to a number of areas for future research.
The effects of rabbit grazing on regeneration of sheoaks, Allocasuarina verticilliata and saltwater ti‐trees, Melaleuca halmaturorum, in the Coorong National Park, South Australia

Sheoaks and saltwater ti-trees regenerate poorly within the Coorong National Park unless they are protected from grazing mammals. The age structure of these tree populations suggests that both species regenerated vigorously in the 1950s when myxomatosis kept rabbit numbers low. Experiments demonstrated that unprotected seedlings are quickly found and eaten by rabbits, particularly if alternative foods are scarce. Sufficient numbers of ti-trees are presently recruited to ensure the persistence of that species, but a programme of rabbit control would be necessary to enable natural regeneration to perpetuate the sheoak population in the Coorong National Park.
Records of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing birds (Aves) in Rhode Island, USA

Abstract Incidental to studies on Lyme disease in Rhode Island, a total of 531 birds represented by 68 species, was collected and examined for the presence of ticks and other ectoparasites. Of these birds, a total of 230, comprising 36 species, harbored ticks in the pre-adult stage. In all 1,174 ticks were collected. Tick burden ranged from 1 to 76 specimens per bird. Ixodes scapularis Say was the species most commonly encountered (n=1,005). Other species included Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard) (n=69), Ixodes muris Bishopp and Smith (n=57), Ixodes dentatus Marx (n=23), Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (n=2), and Ixodes cookei Packard (n=1). Of the 36 species of birds harboring ticks, only 3 species, the Common Yellowthroat Geothylypsis trichas (L.), Veery Catharus fuscescens (Stephens) and Carolina Wren Thryothorus ludovicianus (Lathum), served as hosts to 90% of the ticks collected. However, the small number of birds collected for several of the species represented precludes statistical comparison of many species. Dermacentor variabilis nymphs on an American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla L.) and a Mourning Dove [Zenaida macroura (L.)] as well as an I. cookei larva on a Gray Catbird [Dumetella carolinensis (L.)] constitute new host records. This study surveys for the first time avian hosts for ticks within Rhode Island, and demonstrates that birds play an important role in the life cycle of ticks.
Variação sazonal do fitoplâncton e parâmetros ambientais no Canal do Rio Palmital, Baía da Babitonga, Sul do Brasil Seasonal variation of phytoplankton and environmental parameters in the channel of the river Palmital, Babitonga Bay, Southern Brazil

Studies on potential production, spatial and seasonal variations, main groups of phytoplankton and determinant environmental conditions are essential for developing strategies for the conservation of estuaries. This study aimed to analyze the spatial and seasonal variation of phytoplankton and their interaction with environmental parameters in the Palmital river channel (Babitonga Bay - SC). In the area of the river channel, it was conducted four campaigns (May, August, November 2009, and February 2010) at three points. Both surface and bottom layers of water were analyzed for composition and abundance of phytoplankton, dissolved nutrients and physico-chemical parameters. Pennate and centric diatoms were the dominant components of the phytoplankton community, followed by dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. Skeletonema costatum and Odontella sinensis were the most abundant species, especially in summer. Other genera were numerically important: Coscinodiscus, Cyclotella, Thalassionema, Navicula, Pleurosigma, Actinoptychus and Diploneis. Large amount of benthic taxa recorded in this study is due to the low depth associated with local circulation. In summer occurred a bloom of Skeletonema costatum. Significant correlations between the environmental variables and the phytoplankton abundance were observed in this pioneering work in the Palmital river area, suggesting further studies.
Characterization of Pseudomonas solanacearum biovars based on membrane protein patterns

(.) Comparisons of P. solanacearum to three other nonfluorescent pseudomonads and to four pathovars of Xanthomonas campestris showed close similarity within the first group, contrasting to clear separation from xanthomonads. Virulent, extracellular polysaccharide-producing isolates of P. solanacearum and nonfluidal forms of those same strains had similar protein patterns
Critical taxonomic analysis of Dichoropetalum, Johrenia, Zeravschania and related genera of Umbelliferae-Apioideae-Peucedaneae

Abstract Pimenov, M. G. , Kljuykov, E. V. & Ostroumova, T. A. : Critical taxonomic analysis of Dichoropetalum, Johrenia, Zeravschania and related genera of Umbelliferae-Apioideae-Peucedaneae. — Willdenowia 37: 465–502. — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2007 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. doi:10.3372/wi.37. 37208 (available via http://dx.doi.org/) During critical investigation of the Umbelliferae in the Near East, N Africa and Europe some additional species were found to be putative relatives of Johrenia and the Peucedanum segregate Johreniopsis. A comparative multivariate analysis of 41 species, based on 32 morphological diagnostic characters, revealed a revised taxonomic grouping of the species. The forgotten generic name Dichoropetalum, typified by D. alpinum, is restored to accommodate a group of 26 SW Asian and Mediterranean species, including species of the former genera Johreniopsis and Holandrea (now regarded as sections), as well as some Peucedanum and Johrenia species. We recognize six sections in Dichoropetalum, of which three are described as new. Two species of Johreniopsis, poorly known before, are transferred to Zeravschania. Johrenia, on the contrary, is regarded as a genus with five species only. Johrenia westii, which requires further investigation, belongs most probably to the genus Ferulago. 28 new nomenclatural combinations are validated and lectotypes are designated for several names.
Characteristics and pathogenicity of Pythium spp. associated with root rot of tomatoes in soilless culture in Brittany, France

Pythium species cause necrotic lesions and root rots on tomato in soilless culture. Epidemiological studies conducted in Brittany, France, revealed the precocity and the frequency of the contamination of tomato roots by these fungi, even in symptomless roots. The colonization, estimated by culture-plate methods, could reach levels as high as 10 5 propagules/gram of root. The frequent occurrence of Pythium with filamentous non-inflated sporangia, representing 75% of the total isolates, was observed during both latent infections and necrotic phases. Those Pythium spp. , grouped as Pythium F, induced variable necrotic lesions in tomato roots in soilless culture. This group, which had been overlooked previously in favour ofknown pathogenic species such as P. ultimum var. ultimum, can be pathogenic to tomato plants and therefore form a component of a potential disease complex.
Succession following wildfire in coastal heathland (Nadgee Nature Reserve N.S.W.)

Changes in coastal heath vegetation were measured for 6 years following a wildfire and the data compared with the pre-fire vegetation. For the first 2 years changes were related to time; after that environmental factors dominated the process of regeneration. During the first 4 years plant species spread rapidly and maximum species diversity per plot was reached 4 years after the fire. About the same time many species consolidated their position in the community; this being shown by cover levels greater than before the fire for some species. Six years after the fire the vegetation is still dynamic and very different when compared with the heath before burning.
Modulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Signaling by Endogenous Sphingolipid Mediators*

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional growth factor that plays a critical role in tissue repair and fibrosis. Sphingolipid signaling has been shown to regulate a variety of cellular processes and has been implicated in collagen gene regulation. The present study was undertaken to determine whether endogenous sphingolipids are involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway. TGF-β treatment induced endogenous ceramide levels in a time-dependent manner within 5–15 min of cell stimulation. Using human fibroblasts transfected with a α2(I) collagen promoter/reporter gene construct (COL1A2), C6-ceramide (10 μm) exerted a stimulatory effect on basal and TGF-β-induced activity of this promoter. Next, to define the effects of endogenous sphingolipids on TGF-β signaling we employed ectopic expression of enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism. Sphingosine 1-phosphate phosphatase (YSR2) stimulated basal COL1A2 promoter activity and cooperated with TGF-β in activation of this promoter. Furthermore, overexpression of YSR2 resulted in the pronounced increase of COL1A1 and COL1A2 mRNA levels. Conversely, overexpression of sphingosine kinase (SPHK1) inhibited basal and TGF-β-stimulated COL1A2 promoter activity. These results suggest that endogenous ceramide, but not sphingosine or sphingosine 1-phosphate, is a positive regulator of collagen gene expression. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Smad3 is a target of YSR2. TGF-β-induced Smad3 phosphorylation was elevated in the presence of YSR2. Cotransfection of YSR2 with wild-type Smad3, but not with the phosphorylation-deficient mutant of Smad3 (Smad3A), resulted in a dramatic increase of COL1A2 promoter activity. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a direct role for the endogenous sphingolipid mediators in regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway.
Quantifying effects of phytoplankton on the heat budgets of two large limnetic enclosures

Summary 1. The aestival heat budgets of two large limnetic enclosures within a small lake in the English Lake District were studied. During summer, these enclosures had different nutrient supplies and consequently different phytoplankton populations. 2. As initial temperature profiles were similar and the incoming surface heat and momentum fluxes for the two enclosures were identical, subsequent changes in the heat budget were assumed to be induced by the biological differences between the enclosures. The proposed mechanism is an increased surface absorption of solar radiation leading to extra surface warming and a consequent excess loss of heat to the atmosphere through long-wave emittance and sensible and latent heat fluxes, conservatively estimated to be of the order of 10–30 W m−2. 3. Theoretical calculations show that potential effects on a heat budget could be considerably larger than those observed here. The inherent non-linearity of the heat fluxes implies that such effects will be more important in warmer lakes than in colder ones. 4. Thermocline depth and strength were also altered by the response to differences in phytoplankton. 5. Any changes in climate or in nutrient loading from the catchment which substantially affect abundance or timing of phytoplankton populations in a lake will consequently also change the thermal structure of the lake.
A review of the potential impact of dietary endocrine disrupters on the consumer

Endocrine disrupters, in particular xenoestrogens, have been implicated in a broad array of environmental effects. Their presence in food, either as natural components (e.g. phytoestrogens) or chemical contaminants (e.g. xenoestrogenic pesticides) have been implicated in a number of human effects (e.g. declining sperm count). We present calculations which ranks the importance of the different classes of dietary endocrine disrupters, and show that only phytoestrogens are likely to have a health impact.
Effect of temperature on the population growth of Bactrocera tau (Walker) (Dipt., Tephritidae)

The developmental thresholds and number of degree‐days needed to complete development were determined for the immature stages and the preovipositional period of the pumpkin fly, Bactrocera tau at 6 constant temperatures (19, 22, 25, 28, 31 and 34 °C). They are (threshold/degree‐days) 9.32 °C/15.75 for the eggs, 6.67°C/113.82 for the larvae, 9.30°C/144.35 for the pupae and 8.56°C/180.8 for the preovipositional period. Developmental rate was related to temperature by a sigmoid curve. Gross and net fecundity, and fertility were greatest at 25 °C, although daily fecundity and fertility were greatest at 28 °C. Intrinsic and finite rates of population increase were greatest at 28 °C.
Nutritional qualities of corn cob and waste paper incubated with edible mushroom

Studies were conducted to evaluate corn cob and waste paper cultured with edible mushroom (Pleurotus sajor) as a means of improving their nutritive value for livestock animals. Waste paper and corn cob were 14.2 and 47.7% DM respectively. Crude fibre degradation was 25.0% for corn cob and 7.21% for waste paper which was intermediate to 34.0 and 10.30% of the untreated samples. Digestibility of the fungus treated paper and corn cob were assessed using 24 Wistar Albino rats. Dry matter digestibility of the paper and the corn cob were improved by incubating with the mushroom with an increase of 30 and 40% waste paper and corn cob respectively. The crude protein digestibility and crude fibre digestibility were improved by incubation with mushroom compared with untreated samples. It was concluded that such biodegradation and the concurrent 30.2 and 27.8 percentage unit increases in crude protein digestibility of corn cob and waste paper may in fact improve the nutritive value for livestock with no detriment to the health (organ and blood) of the animals.
Changes in the lipids of flour induced by treatment with chlorine dioxide or chlorine, and on storage

Fatty acid composition of wheat flour oils was measured by gas chromatography, and results were presented either as fractions of the total C16 and C18 acids or, by application of an internal standard, as the percentage of each acid in the original oils. Flour treated with chlorine dioxide (up to 120 p.p.m.) and stored for periods up to 15 weeks showed no changes in the fatty acid composition of the mixed oil extracted successively by light petroleum and acetone. Heavier treatment resulted in significant oxidative changes. After 27 weeks' storage, however, both untreated and lightly treated flour (up to 33 p.p.m. of ClO2) showed changes in the acetone—but not in the light petroleum—extracts. These findings were correlated with measurements of the induction periods of whole flours when heated in oxygen at 100°, both treatment and storage diminishing the induction periods. Chlorine treatment of the flour caused decreases in linoleic acid contents of the extracted mixed oils at all levels of treatment. The effect on induction period was complex, but in general chlorine treatment caused long induction periods, which diminished during storage less than those of untreated flour. The significance of these results is discussed.
An Investigation of Pre-Service Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Animals and Empathy Toward Humans: Implications for Humane Education Development

ABSTRACT In the last 20 years, humane education (HE) has undergone a paradigm shift from a simple animal welfare education model to a teacher-led positive education approach that cultivates kindness, love, and empathy in children and youth. While teachers’ humane attitudes are considered a prerequisite for HE program success in school settings, their attitudes toward animals have received little attention to date. This study investigated pre-service teachers’ humane attitudes toward animals and assessed whether and to what extent these attitudes are correlated with empathetic tendencies as well as variables such as gender and current and previous pet ownership. A total of 226 pre-service teachers in Hong Kong completed the Animal Attitude Scale (AAS) and the Davis Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). The results showed that pre-service teachers showed moderate concern for the humane treatment of animals, and a difference in humane attitude was identified based on sex: female pre-service teachers tended to express more humane attitudes than their male counterparts. Moreover, pre-service teachers with greater tendencies toward warmth and compassion demonstrated a more welfare-oriented attitude toward animals. The results of the current study support using HE as a positive education approach and imply that the provision of training for pre-service teachers and teachers should be given higher priority by humane educators. Humane educators are recommended to recruit pre-service teachers as HE program instructors in their research projects.
Gastronomic clusters in an Ecuadorian tourist destination: the case of the province of Manabí

PurposeGastronomy is currently becoming a predominant factor for understanding and taking part in the cultural heritage of a destination. The enjoyment of culinary pleasures has become a primary motivating factor when choosing a travel destination. Gastronomy is, therefore, a fundamental part of the satisfaction that the traveller experiences when visiting a location.Design/methodology/approachData collection for the research was based on the completion of fieldwork with a sample of tourists who visited the Ecuadorian province of Manabí. Based on this understanding and completed fieldwork, the study analyses the gastronomic experiences of tourists visiting the province of Manabí (Ecuador). Findingsstudy shows the existence of three types of tourists, based on their higher or lower interest in the local gastronomy when travelling: survivors, enjoyers and experiencers. The results also reveal that there are different levels of satisfaction regarding local gastronomy in terms of interest and the previous cultural motivation of the tourist.Practical implicationsThe characterisation of the different tourist segments identified and the assessments that these dictate regarding the destination’s gastronomy allow tourist managers to develop and offer tourist products adapted to the wishes and needs of tourists.Originality/valueResearch involves the innovation in the use of segmentation models for culinary tourism widely considered in Europe but applied in this case to developing countries in Latin America.