Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From PBS to PSM: The Shape of „New” Public Media in the Baltic States

Although PSM is a vitally important part of the politics of the European Union, in reality the future of public service media in several countries is quite uncertain. Lists of PSM problems of new EU member countries in various research papers and monitoring reports is starting to resemble a boring refrain, as the situation hasn’t changed for more than ten years. PSM in the Baltic States seems to be stuck in a situation of insufficient funding and in constant threat of political influence. Problems with the quality of content, inevitable decrease in audience and difficulty finding the required funds in state budget asks the question – does society need PSM, and if it does – what shoud PSM be like? Every discussion about the situation surrounding PSM eventually leads to the question – what is the main remit of PSM and what defines the public benefit provided by PSM. During the economic recession these questions gained topicality, as projects of PSM transformation were developed in the Baltic States at the time. To find out the answer the question of PSM efficiency, the article analyzes documents and data of Baltic PSM, and compares systems of PSM finance and governance. Using documents and discussional analysis of PSM development concept work group, the article evaluates a case study of the building process of Latvian “new public media” in context of public media development in Estonia and Lithuania.
ON REMOVING INTERLOPER CONTAMINATION FROM INTENSITY MAPPING POWER SPECTRUM MEASUREMENTS

Line intensity mapping experiments seek to trace large-scale structures by measuring the spatial fluctuations in the combined emission, in some convenient spectral line, from individually unresolved galaxies. An important systematic concern for these surveys is line confusion from foreground or background galaxies emitting in other lines that happen to lie at the same observed frequency as the “target” emission line of interest. We develop an approach to separate this “interloper” emission at the power spectrum level. If one adopts the redshift of the target emission line in mapping from observed frequency and angle on the sky to co-moving units, the interloper emission is mapped to the wrong co-moving coordinates. Because the mapping is different in the line of sight and transverse directions, the interloper contribution to the power spectrum becomes anisotropic, especially if the interloper and target emission are at widely separated redshifts. This distortion is analogous to the Alcock–Paczynski test, but here the warping arises from assuming the wrong redshift rather than an incorrect cosmological model. We apply this to the case of a hypothetical [C ii] emission survey at and find that the distinctive interloper anisotropy can, in principle, be used to separate strong foreground CO emission fluctuations. In our models, however, a significantly more sensitive instrument than currently planned is required, although there are large uncertainties in forecasting the high-redshift [C ii] emission signal. With upcoming surveys, it may nevertheless be useful to apply this approach after first masking pixels suspected of containing strong interloper contamination.
The GENIE Neutrino Monte Carlo Generator: Physics and User Manual

GENIE is a suite of products for the experimental neutrino physics community. This suite includes i) a modern software framework for implementing neutrino event generators, a state-of-the-art comprehensive physics model and tools to support neutrino interaction simulation for realistic experimental setups (the Generator product), ii) extensive archives of neutrino, charged-lepton and hadron scattering data and software to produce a comprehensive set of data/MC comparisons (the Comparisons product), and iii) a generator tuning framework and fitting applications (the Tuning product). This book provides the definite guide for the GENIE Generator: It presents the software architecture and a detailed description of its physics model and official tunes. In addition, it provides a rich set of data/MC comparisons that characterise the physics performance of GENIE. Detailed step-by-step instructions on how to install and configure the Generator, run its applications and analyze its outputs are also included.
Geometric constraints on potentially singular solutions for the 3-D Euler equations

We discuss necessary and sufficient conditions for the formation of finite time singularities (blow up) in the incompressible three dimensional Euler equations. The well-known result of Beale, Kato and Majda states that these equations have smooth solutions on the time interval (0,t) if, and only if lim/t{r_arrow}T {integral}{sup t}{sub 0} {parallel}{Omega}({center_dot},s){parallel}{sub L}{sup {infinity}} (dx)dx < {infinity} where {Omega} = {triangledown} X u is the vorticity of the fluid and u is its divergence=free velocity. In this paper we prove criteria in which the direction of vorticity {xi} = {Omega}/{vert_bar}{Omega}{vert_bar} plays an important role.
Use of ICT Supported Interventions for Occupational Stress Management: A Systematic Review of Published Studies

—Problem: Occupational stress has become a key source of stress among the working population which has created numerous negative impacts on the community and of worldwide organizations, and they are expected to become a major health hazard in the forthcoming decades. Objective: This article aims at providing a systematic review and a descriptive evaluation of the interventions supported by ICT (Information and Communication Technology) for occupational stress management. Methods: A systematic review of three databases (Scopus, Web of Science and MEDLINE) was carried out using broad search queries and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed to ensure a transparent and replicable process. Results: This article provides a quantitative and qualitative description of 20 studies about occupational stress interventions supported by ICT. The following factors were considered for the analysis: the form of the intervention, the focus of the intervention, and efficacy of the intervention. Conclusions: The systematic review demonstrated that ICT supported stress management interventions are effective in most of the situation. It is also highlighted that a clear gap appears to exist between work-stress theories and ICT applications available for occupational stress management.
A computational investigation of graph reconstruction

First proposed in 1941 by Kelly and Ulam, the Graph Reconstruction Conjecture has been called the major open problem in the field of Graph Theory. While the Graph Reconstruction Conjecture is still unproven it has spawned a number of related questions. In the classical vertex graph reconstruction number problem a vertex is deleted in every possible way from a graph G, and then it can be asked how many (both minimum and maximum values) of these subgraphs are required to uniquely reconstruct G (up to isomorphism). This problem can then be extended to k-vertex deletion (for 1 ≤ k ≤ |V (G)|), and to k-edge deletion (for 1 ≤ k ≤ |E(G)|). For some classes of graphs there is known a formula to directly compute its reconstruction numbers. However, for the vast majority of graphs the computation devolves to brute force exhaustive search. Previous computer searches have computed the 1-vertex-deletion reconstruction numbers of all graphs of up to 10 vertices, as well as computing 2-vertex-deletion reconstructibility of all graphs on up to 9 vertices. In this project I have developed and implemented an improved algorithm to compute 1-vertex-deletion reconstruction numbers with an O(|V (G)|) speedup, allowing their computation for all graphs of up to 11 vertices. In addition the ability to compute arbitrary k-vertex and edge deletion reconstruction numbers has been implemented, leading to many new results in these areas.
Contrast Medium Use in Computed Tomography for Patients Presenting with Headache: 4-year Retrospective Two-Center Study in Central and Western Regions of Ghana

Background Contrast medium (CM) administration during computed tomography (CT) enhances the accuracy in the detection and interpretation of abnormalities. Evidence from literature also validate the essence of CM in imaging studies. CT, by virtue of its ubiquity, ease of use, speed, and lower financial footprint, is usually the first investigation in cases of headache. Through a multicenter retrospective analysis, we compared findings of contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) to noncontrast-enhanced CT (NCECT) head examinations among patients presenting with headache. Methods A multicenter retrospective analysis of four years' CT head examination data at two radiology centers located in Central and Western Regions of Ghana were reviewed. Records of patients who presented with headache as principal complaint between January 2017 and December 2020 were reviewed. A total of 477 records of patients with headache were identified, retrieved and evaluated. A Chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to compare the CECT and NCECT groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was computed to assess association between CECT and each CT findings. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. Results A significant proportion of the patients was females (51.8% in CECT and 60% in NCECT). The NCECT group (40.06 ± 14.76 years) was relatively older than the CECT group (38.43 ± 17.64 years). There was a significant difference between the CECT and NCECT in terms of age (p=0.002) and facility CT was performed (p < 0.0001). The rate of abnormalities was higher in CECT (43.5%, 166/382) compared NCECT (37.9%, 36/95). There was no significant association between CT head findings and contrast enhancement. Conclusion CECT examination accounted for 5.6% increase in the detection of head abnormalities. Efforts required to establish local standard operation procedures (SOPs) for contrast medium use especially in CT head examinations. Further studies to improve the knowledge of agents, mechanism of action, and safety of contrast media used among practitioners in Ghana is recommended.
Sleeping with the enemy. Partners’ political attitudes and risk of separation

Does politics conflict with love? We aim at answering this question by examining the effect on union dissolution of partners’ (mis)match on political preferences, defined as self-reported closeness, intention to vote, or vote for a specific party. Previous studies argued that partners’ heterogamy may increase risk of union dissolution because of differences among partners in lifestyles, attitudes, and beliefs, and/or because of disapproval from family and community members. We posit that similar arguments can apply to political heterogamy and test the effect of this new heterogamy dimension using UK data from the British Household Panel Study (BHPS) and the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS). The data offer a unique opportunity to disentangle the role of heterogamy by political preferences from the effects of heterogamies in other domains (e.g., ethnicity and religiosity) and from that of other partners’ characteristics, while also covering a long period of time (from 1991 to 2021). The data also allow to implement a more specific analysis about the referendum on UK’s permanence in the European Union (known as the Brexit referendum). We find a positive effect of political preferences heterogamy on union dissolution. In addition, diverging opinions on the Brexit referendum is associated to higher chances of partnership break-up.
Estimation of Breeding Parameters from Phenotypic Data of F4:5 RIL in Ethiopian Malt Barley (Hordeum distichum L.) Breeding Population

The critical stage for any breeder is the selection of crossing parents to drive improved inbred for subsequent breeding cycles. In our study, we estimate breeding parameters such as mid-parent value (MPV), variances among and within crosses, the heritability of relevant traits and their correlations, the usefulness of crosses, and regression of cross means on MPV. 900 F4:5 Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from 30 crosses were tested together with their parental lines in a modified split-plot p-rep design at two locations. The analysis revealed significant genetic variation among parents, crosses, and RIL for almost all traits. Heritability for parents ranged from 49.50% (malt extract) to 93.60% (plant height) and heritability for crosses ranged from 29.52% (grain protein concentration) to 87.0% (days to maturity), whereas heritability for RIL was the lowest with 27.40% for beta-glucan and the highest to 73.60% for thousand kernel weight, respectively. Significant ( P < 0 . 01 ) genotypic correlations with high impact for practical breeding were found between malting traits. Accordingly, the genotypic correlation ranged from −0.73 to 0.78 whereas the phenotypic correlation ranged from −0.60 to 0.65, respectively. Significant ( P < 0 . 01 ) regression of cross-mean on MPV where R2 ranges from 0.27 to 0.70 and is higher than 0.5 for most of the traits demonstrates that cross means can accurately be predicted from MPV and selection among crosses at an early stage is highly effective. Based on the usefulness criterion, 16 superior crosses were identified compared to the planet as the actual leading malt variety. Starting from a simple additive genetic model with random mating, we discuss deviations from the initial model and their impact on the actual estimates implying how to design a state-of-the-art cereal breeding program.
FWU Journal of Social Sciences, Winter 2020, Vol.14, No.4, 12-25 Teacher Educators’ Epistemological Beliefs and their Implications for Teacher Education Itbar Khan University of Malakand

Research has consistently shown that teachers’ epistemological beliefs have a significant impact on their teaching and teacher effectiveness in the teachinglearning process. This study investigated epistemological beliefs (EBs) of teacher educators in higher education institutions and teacher education institutes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). The study aimed at identifying teacher-centered and learners’ centered EBs, examine the relationship of EBs and gender, find out the relationship of teachers’ qualification with the EBs of teacher education, and explore differences between the EBs of teacher educators of public universities and RITEs. Of the 212 teacher educators of the study population, the data were collected through stratified random sampling from 145 respondents. Epistemological beliefs questionnaire (EBQ) and a scale for demographics were used for gathering data from the research participants. Percentages, Mean, One way ANOVA and Pearson r was used for data analysis. Findings of the study show that a majority of the teacher educators believed that the structure of knowledge is simple, half of the teacher educators believed that knowledge is certain. Similarly, a majority of the teachers did not believe in authority as a source of knowledge and considered that the ability to learn is not innate. A majority of the respondents did not agree that learning is a quick process. There was no significant difference in the EBs of male and female teacher educators; there was no significant difference in the EBs of teachers from universities and RITES, except in the dimension of the stability of knowledge, wherein educators from RITEs have unsophisticated beliefs and there is no significant effect of experience on the epistemological beliefs of teacher educators.
The evolution of galaxy clustering since z= 3 using the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey: the divergence of passive and star-forming galaxies

We use the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey to trace the evolution of galaxy clustering to z = 3. Using photometric redshifts derived from data covering the wavelength range 0.3–4.5 μm, we examine this clustering as a function of absolute K-band luminosity, colour and star formation rate. Comparing the deprojected clustering amplitudes, we find that red galaxies are more strongly clustered than blue galaxies out to at least z = 1.5, irrespective of rest-frame K-band luminosity. We then construct passive and star-forming samples based on stellar age, colour and star formation histories calculated from the best-fitting templates. The clustering strength of star-forming galaxies declines steadily from r0 � 7h −1 Mpc at z � 2t or0 � 3h −1 Mpc at z � 0, while passive galaxies have clustering strengths up to a factor of 2 higher. Within the passive and star-forming subsamples, however, we find very little dependence of galaxy clustering on K-band luminosity. Galaxy ‘passivity’ appears to be the strongest indicator of clustering strength. We compare these clustering measurements with those predicted for dark matter haloes and conclude that passive galaxies typically reside in haloes of mass M ≥
Magnetotransport and de Haas–van Alphen measurements in the type-II Weyl semimetal TaIrTe 4

The layered ternary compound ${\mathrm{TaIrTe}}_{4}$ has been predicted to be a type-II Weyl semimetal with only four Weyl points just above the Fermi energy. Performing magnetotransport measurements on this material we find that the resistivity does not saturate for fields up to 70 T and follows a $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\sim}{B}^{1.5}$ dependence. Angular-dependent de Haas--van Alphen measurements reveal four distinct frequencies. Analyzing these magnetic quantum oscillations by use of density functional theory calculations we establish that in ${\mathrm{TaIrTe}}_{4}$ the Weyl points are located merely $\ensuremath{\sim}40--50$ meV above the chemical potential.
HERSCHEL DETECTION OF DUST EMISSION FROM UV-LUMINOUS STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT 3.3 ≲ z ≲ 4.3

We report the Herschel/SPIRE detection of dust emission arising from UV-luminous (L ≳ L*) star-forming galaxies at 3.3 ≲ z ≲ 4.3. Our sample of 1913 Lyman break galaxy (LBG) candidates is selected over an area of 5.3 deg2 in the Boötes field of the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey. This is one of the largest samples of UV-luminous galaxies at this epoch and enables an investigation of the bright end of the galaxy luminosity function. We divide our sample into three luminosity bins and stack the Herschel/SPIRE data to measure the average spectral energy distribution (SED) of LBGs at far-infrared (FIR) wavelengths. We find that these galaxies have average IR luminosities of (3–5) × 1011 L☉ and 60%–70% of their star formation obscured by dust. The FIR SEDs peak at λrest ≳ 100 μm suggesting dust temperatures (Td = 27–30 K) significantly colder than that of local galaxies of comparable IR luminosities. The observed IR-to-UV luminosity ratio (IRX ≡ LIR/LUV) is low (≈3–4) compared with that observed for z ≈ 2 LBGs (IRXz ∼ 2 ≈ 7.1 ± 1.1). The correlation between the slope of the UV continuum and IRX for galaxies in the two lower luminosity bins suggests dust properties similar to those of local starburst galaxies. However, the galaxies in the highest luminosity bin appear to deviate from the local relation, suggesting that their dust properties may differ from those of their lower-luminosity and low-redshift counterparts. We speculate that the most UV-luminous galaxies at this epoch are being observed in a short-lived and young evolutionary phase.
A NEW FUNDAMENTAL PLANE FOR RADIATIVELY EFFICIENT BLACK-HOLE SOURCES

In recent years, it has been found that several low/hard states of X-ray binaries (XRBs) follow an “outliers” track in the radio–X-ray correlation ( and b ∼ 1.4), which is much steeper than the former universal track with b ∼ 0.6. In this work, we compile a sample of bright radio-quiet active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and find that their hard X-ray photon indices and Eddington ratios are positively correlated, which is similar to that of XRB outliers, where both bright AGNs and XRB outliers have bolometric Eddington ratios ≳ 1%LEdd (LEdd is Eddington luminosity). The Eddington-scaled radio–X-ray correlation of these AGNs is also similar to that of XRB outliers, which has the form of L5 GHz/LEdd∝(L2–10 keV/LEdd)c with c ≃ 1.59 and 1.53 for AGNs and XRBs, respectively. Both the positively correlated X-ray spectral evolution and the steeper radio–X-ray correlation can be regulated by a radiatively efficient accretion flow (e.g., disk–corona). Based on these similarities, we further present a new fundamental plane for XRB outliers and bright AGNs in black-hole (BH) mass, radio, and X-ray luminosity space: with a scatter of σR = 0.51 dex. This fundamental plane is suitable for radiatively efficient BH sources, while the former plane proposed by Merloni et al. and Falcke et al. may be most suitable for radiatively inefficient sources.
A CATALOG OF BROAD ABSORPTION LINE QUASARS IN SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY DATA RELEASE 5

We present a catalog of 5039 broad absorption line (BAL) quasars (QSOs) in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 5 (DR5) QSO catalog that have absorption troughs covering a continuous velocity range ⩾2000 km s−1. We have fitted ultraviolet (UV) continua and line emission in each case, enabling us to report common diagnostics of BAL strengths and velocities in the range −25, 000 to 0 km s−1 for Si iv λ1400, C iv λ1549, Al iii λ1857, and Mg ii λ2799. We calculate these diagnostics using the spectrum listed in the DR5 QSO catalog, and also for spectra from additional SDSS observing epochs when available. In cases where BAL QSOs have been observed with Chandra or XMM-Newton, we report the X-ray monochromatic luminosities of these sources. We confirm and extend previous findings that BAL QSOs are more strongly reddened in the rest-frame UV than non-BAL QSOs, and that BAL QSOs are relatively X-ray weak compared to non-BAL QSOs. The observed BAL fraction is dependent on the spectral signal-to-noise ratio (S/N); for higher S/N sources, we find an observed BAL fraction of ≈ 15%. BAL QSOs show a similar Baldwin effect as for non-BAL QSOs, in that their C iv emission equivalent widths decrease with increasing continuum luminosity. However, BAL QSOs have weaker C iv emission in general than do non-BAL QSOs. Sources with higher UV luminosities are more likely to have higher-velocity outflows, and the BAL outflow velocity and UV absorption strength are correlated with relative X-ray weakness. These results are in qualitative agreement with models that depend on strong X-ray absorption to shield the outflow from overionization and enable radiative acceleration. In a scenario in which BAL trough shapes are primarily determined by outflow geometry, observed differences in Si iv and C iv trough shapes would suggest that some outflows have ion-dependent structure.
High-multipole excitations of hydrogen-like atoms by twisted photons near a phase singularity

We calculate transition amplitudes and cross sections for excitation of hydrogen-like atoms by the twisted photon states, or photon states with angular momentum projection on the direction of propagation exceeding ℏ. If the target atom is located at distances of the order of atomic size near the phase singularity in the vortex center, the transition rates into the states with orbital angular momentum l f > 1 become comparable with the rates for electric dipole transitions. It is shown that when the transition rates are normalized to the local photon flux, the resulting cross sections for l f > 1 are singular near the optical vortex center. The relation to the ‘quantum core’ concept introduced by Berry and Dennis is discussed.