Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural heterogeneity of the midcrust adjacent to the central Alpine Fault, New Zealand: Inferences from seismic tomography and seismicity between Harihari and Ross

Determining the rates and distributions of microseismicity near major faults at different points in the seismic cycle is a crucial step toward understanding plate boundary seismogenesis. We analyze data from temporary seismic arrays spanning the central section of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand, using double‐difference seismic tomography. This portion of the fault last ruptured in a large earthquake in 1717 AD and is now late in its typical 330 year cycle of Mw∼8 earthquakes. Seismicity varies systematically with distance from the Alpine Fault: (1) directly beneath the fault trace, earthquakes are sparse and largely confined to the footwall at depths of 4–11 km; (2) at distances of 0–9 km southeast of the trace, seismicity is similarly sparse and shallower than 8 km; (3) at distances of 9–20 km southeast of the fault trace, earthquakes are much more prevalent and shallower than 7 km. Hypocenter lineations here are subparallel to faults mapped near the Main Divide of the Southern Alps, confirming that those faults are active. The region of enhanced seismicity is associated with the highest topography and a high‐velocity tongue doming at 3–5 km depth. The low‐seismicity zone adjacent to the Alpine Fault trace is associated with Vp and Vs values at midcrustal depths about 8 and 6% lower than further southeast. We interpret lateral variations in seismicity rate to reflect patterns of horizontal strain rate superimposed on heterogeneous crustal structure, and the variations in seismicity cutoff depth to be controlled by temperature and permeability structure variations.
Tidewater glaciers: frontal flow acceleration and basal sliding

Abstract A numerical glacier-flow model (finite-element method) is used to suggest the processes that control the flow behind the calving front of a tidewater glacier. The model is developed for grounded calving glaciers and includes an effective-pressure-dependent sliding law The sliding law is implemented by adding a soft basal layer with a variable viscosity The model is applied on Hansbreen, a tidewater calving glacier in Svalbard. Comparison between modeled surface velocities and observed velocity data shows good agreement. We conclude that the flow of a grounded calving glacier can be modeled with an effective-pressure-dependent sliding law
Interannual Variation of Annual Subduction Rate in the North Pacific Estimated from a Gridded Argo Product

AbstractSpatiotemporal variability of the subduction rate in the North Pacific from 2005 to 2012 is examined based on the Argo observational data. The subduction rate in the subtropical North Pacific varies significantly from year to year between 25 and 50 Sverdrups (Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1), and it is well correlated with the Pacific decadal oscillation. The temporal change of the subduction rate is largely determined by that of the late winter mixed layer depth through the lateral induction term. The increase (decrease) in the subduction rate in the subtropical mode water areas accompanies densification (lightening) of the mode density class of the subducted water. The subduction rate variability in the central mode water and eastern subtropical mode water regions is anticorrelated as found in the previous study using the output from an ocean GCM. The subduction rate in the central mode water density range changes dramatically, which is very large in 2005 and 2010 but almost disappears in 2009. The subduc.
Losing Place: Refugee Populations and Rural Transformations in East Africa

List of Maps Figures and Tables Abbreviations Acknowledgments Credits Chapter 1. Refugees and Rural Transformation Chapter 2. Migration and Agrarian Change on Border Lands Chapter 3. Integration and the Cultivation of a Hard Life Chapter 4. Resettlement and Positions of Poverty Chapter 5. Exile and the Perils of Pastoralism Chapter 6. Asylum and the Making of Home Terrain Chapter 7. Repatriation and the Search for Home Chapter 8. Concluding Reflections Bibliography Census of Wad el Hileau Glossary
Interdental Papilla Regeneration: The Updates on Several Techniques

Abstract The procedure for regenerating interdental papilla is complex and technique-sensitive. However, the patient demand to reduce black triangle has dramatically increased in recent years. This article aimed to review the most recent surgical techniques on interdental papilla regeneration by reporting studies published from 2016 to 2021. A literature search was performed in electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science using the following keywords: “interdental papilla regeneration,” “papillary reconstruction,” “surgical papillary regeneration,” and “hyaluronic acid injection. ” Studies that have involved surgical techniques for interdental papilla regeneration as well as less invasive surgical procedure such as hyaluronic acid injections are comprehensively reviewed in this article. Techniques such as tunnelling and coronally advanced flap appear to have better success rate compared to other techniques. In view of graft, connective tissue graft resulted in successful interdental papilla regeneration with papillary fill maintained over long-term compared to concentrated growth factors. A less invasive option would be hyaluronic acid injection, but with less success rate compared to surgical procedures. However, the results were limited by the lack of standardised method to measure successful interdental papilla regeneration. This article comprehensively reviews the updates on interdental papilla regeneration techniques.
Echinococcus multilocularis genetic diversity based on isolates from pigs confirmed the characteristic haplotype distribution and the presence of the Asian-like haplotype in Central Europe

Abstract Introduction The aim of the study was to determine the genetic diversity of Echinococcus multilocularis in pigs in highly endemic areas in Poland, as well as to attempt to confirm the occurrence and geographical distribution of haplotypes characteristic for these areas, which were previously described on the basis of examination of adult tapeworms isolated from foxes. Material and Methods Twenty samples of E. multilocularis larval forms were obtained from pigs’ livers in four provinces of Poland. Genetic analyses were conducted on sequences of two mitochondrial genes: cox1 and nad2. Results Seven haplotypes were found for the cox1 gene (OQ874673–OQ874679) and four haplotypes for nad2 (OQ884981–OQ884984). They corresponded to the haplotypes described earlier in foxes in Poland (some of them differing only in one nucleotide). The analysis showed the presence of the Asian-like haplotype in both the cox1 and nad2 genes. The remaining haplotypes were grouped in the European clade. The geographical distribution of haplotypes identified in the pig samples was noticed to bear a similarity to the distribution of haplotypes previously isolated from foxes in the same regions. Conclusion The characteristic geographical distribution of E. multilocularis haplotypes in Central Europe (including the presence of the Asian-like haplotype) previously described in the population of definitive hosts (foxes) has now been confirmed by the analysis of samples from non-specific intermediate hosts (pigs).
Teaching writing to English language learners: two science teachers’ perspectives and practices

Abstract Writing is fundamental to science and integral to its practice. This study examined two sixth-grade science teachers’ perspectives on and practices in teaching writing to English language learners (ELLs). Both teachers were interviewed on their beliefs about and experience in teaching writing to ELLs in science. They were also each observed once per week for their writing instruction over one semester. All writing samples produced by the ELLs during the semester were collected. Qualitative analysis of the data revealed that both teachers recognized the importance of writing to science but provided few opportunities for extended writing and limited writing instruction to ELLs. The teachers cited ELLs’ disinterest in science and lack of writing proficiency, as well as their own lack of time and preparedness to teach writing, as the main reasons for not making writing a priority in their teaching practice, for having lower expectations for ELLs, and for not offering substantive language/literacy support to ELLs. These findings indicate that the lofty goal of literacy-science integration remains largely unfulfilled, despite nearly two decades of strong push for border crossing by both science and literacy educators. They suggest that a reenvisioning of the relationship between literacy and science is needed to ensure effective science instruction for ELLs and other students in need of language/literacy support.
Age of Initiation of the India‐Asia Collision in the East‐Central Himalaya: A Discussion

In their recent article, Zhu et al. (2005) provide new data on the stratigraphy and provenance of the Paleogene terrigenous strata in the Zhepure Shan Range of the Tethyan Himalayas, southern Tibet, using petrographic and geochemical whole-rock and single-grain techniques. Observed changes in the sandstone composition, according to the authors, indicate the onset of the India-Asia collision and the first development of the foreland basin immediately south of the India-Asia suture zone, which occurred at Ma. The authors pre50.6 0.2 sent valuable new geochemical data for the Paleogene clastic rocks in southern Tibet, including their source areas and tectonic affinity, which they use to interpret the geotectonic history of the Tethyan Himalaya. The aim of the present discussion is to point out several erroneous claims and conclusions made by the authors that have a considerable effect on the interpretation of regional stratigraphy, lithofacies, the closing of the Tethys seaway, and the initiation of the India-Asia collision. The authors reject most of the conclusions reached by Wang et al. (2002), which were derived from a study of the same stratigraphic sequence at the same location (Qumiba section; for details, see fig. 1). The location of the section, as given in Wang et al. (2002), was based on a Chinese military map, and the location given by Zhu et al. (2005), using a GPS locator, was not correct, but their section is the same one studied by Wang et al. (2002; see fig. 1). The main objective of the Wang et al. (2002)
Cloud Detection Using Satellite Measurements of Infrared and Visible Radiances for ISCCP

Abstract The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) began in 1983 to collect and analyze weather satellite radiance datasets to produce a new global cloud climatology as part of the World Climate Research Programme. This paper, the first of three, describes the cloud detection part of the ISCCP analysis. Key features of the cloud detection algorithm are 1) use of space and time radiance variation tests over several different space and time domains to account for the global variety of cloudy and clear characteristics, 2) estimation of clear radiance values for every time and place, and 3) use of radiance thresholds that vary with type of surface and climate regime. Design of the detection algorithm was supported by global, multiyear surveys of the statistical behavior of satellite-measured infrared and visible radiances to determine those characteristics that differentiate cloudy and clear scenes and how these characteristics vary among climate regimes. A summary of these statistical res.
Study of Recent Variation in Weak Rainfall over Japan Using 31-Year AMeDAS Dataset

Linear regression analysis was applied to the time series of hourly rainfall data between June and September for 31 years to elucidate the features of weak rainfall over Japan. Many stations exhibiting a significant positive trend in the frequency of weak rainfall (1-5 mm h-1) were localized in the Hokkaido district. In contrast, there were only a few stations with a significant positive trend in weak rainfall over regions other than Hokkaido; however, many stations exhibited a significant positive trend in heavy rainfall exceeding 25 mm h-1. Thus, there existed a clear geographical contrast between the two regions.
Speech Features of Children with Mild Intellectual Disabilities

The aim of the study is to identify the speech features of children with mild intellectual disabilities (ID) vs typically developing children (TD) based on the complex approach that includes perceptual, phonetic, linguistic, and spectrographic methods. The participants of the study were 60 Russian-speaking children aged 5–7 years: 20 children with ID and 40 children with TD. The peculiarities of the structure of dialogues between adult and children with ID and TD were described. Perceptual study showed that native speakers recognize the meaning of words of children with ID worse vs TD children. Listeners classify the emotional speech of children with ID with higher accuracy than the emotional speech of TD children. Spectrographic analysis revealed higher values of pitch and the duration of words and vowels in words of spontaneous and emotional speech of children with ID vs TD children.
Do We Speak to Robots Looking Like Humans As We Speak to Humans? A Study of Pitch in French Human-Machine and Human-Human Interactions

Robot-directed speech refers to speech to a robotic device (speakers, computers, etc.). Studies have investigated the phonetic and linguistic properties of this type of speech and shown that, humans tend to change their pitch when talking to a robot vs to a human. Parallelly, it has shown that the anthropomorphism of the devices affects the social aspect of interaction. However, none have investigated the effect of the device’s human-likeliness on linguistic realizations. This study proposes to fill this gap by comparing the effect of anthropomorphism in speech directed at a speaker vs a humanoid robot vs a human by analyzing the F0 values and range in the three conditions, and how these parameters change throughout the conversation. The data from 52 native speakers of French show that robot-directed speech shares several pitch tendencies with speaker-directed speech, which in its turn is situated between human- and robot-directed speech.
Cognitive Load Measurement with Physiological Sensors in Virtual Reality during Physical Activity

Many Virtual Reality (VR) experiences, such as learning tools, would benefit from utilising mental states such as cognitive load. Increases in cognitive load (CL) are often reflected in the alteration of physiological responses, such as pupil dilation (PD), electrodermal cctivity (EDA), heart rate (HR), and electroencephalography (EEG). However, the relationship between these physiological responses and cognitive load are usually measured while participants sit in front of a computer screen, whereas VR environments often require a high degree of physical movement. This physical activity can affect the measured signals, making it unclear how suitable these measures are for use in interactive Virtual Reality (VR). We investigate the suitability of four physiological measures as correlates of cognitive load in interactive VR. Suitable measures must be robust enough to allow the learner to move within VR and be temporally responsive enough to be a useful metric for adaptation. We recorded PD, EDA, HR, and EEG data from nineteen participants during a sequence memory task at varying levels of cognitive load using VR, while in the standing position and using their dominant arm to play a game. We observed significant linear relationships between cognitive load and PD, EDA, and EEG frequency band power, but not HR. PD showed the most reliable relationship but has a slower response rate than EEG. Our results suggest the potential for use of PD, EDA, and EEG in this type of interactive VR environment, but additional studies will be needed to assess feasibility under conditions of greater movement.
PanoVerse: automatic generation of stereoscopic environments from single indoor panoramic images for Metaverse applications

We present a novel framework, dubbed PanoVerse, for the automatic creation and presentation of immersive stereoscopic environments from a single indoor panoramic image. Once per 360° shot, a novel data-driven architecture generates a fixed set of panoramic stereo pairs distributed around the current central view-point. Once per frame, directly on the HMD, we rapidly fuse the precomputed views to seamlessly cover the exploration workspace. To realize this system, we introduce several novel techniques that combine and extend state-of-the art data-driven techniques. In particular, we present a gated architecture for panoramic monocular depth estimation and, starting from the re-projection of visible pixels based on predicted depth, we exploit the same gated architecture for inpainting the occluded and disoccluded areas, introducing a mixed GAN with self-supervised loss to evaluate the stereoscopic consistency of the generated images. At interactive rates, we interpolate precomputed panoramas to produce photorealistic stereoscopic views in a lightweight WebXR viewer. The system works on a variety of available VR headsets and can serve as a base component for Metaverse applications. We demonstrate our technology on several indoor scenes from publicly available data.
Multimodal Prediction of User's Performance in High-Stress Dialogue Interactions

High-Stress interactions include cases in which decisions must be made, communicated, and agreed upon in a short amount of time to avoid dire consequences. Such interactions can be a source of different multimodal signals indicating participant cognitive and emotional states, which can vary with factors such as the difficulty of the interaction. By utilizing behavioral cues, a multimodal deep neural network (with audio, video, and text modalities) was developed to predict the performance of users in these interactions. An ablation study was conducted to compare impact of different modalities. Our best model can predict the user performance with 73% accuracy in a 3-class classification task.
Three-dimensional indirect boundary element method for deformation and gravity changes in volcanic areas : Application to teide volcano (Tenerife, Canary Islands)

[1] Most deformation models of volcanoes assume that the Earth is a linear, elastic, isotropic and homogeneous half-space, although some volcanic areas are associated with significant relief. We investigate the effects of topography on surface deformation and gravity changes caused by a magma intrusion in the Earth's crust. A three-dimensional (3-D) indirect boundary element method (IBEM) that incorporates realistic topographic features is developed in order to perform this analysis. Our results show that the topography alters both the magnitude and pattern of the deformation and gravity signal. As an example of realistic topography, we consider a spherical source of dilatation located at 4 km depth below Teide volcano summit (Tenerife, Canary Islands) in order to simulate the deformation and gravity changes that could be observed at Tenerife if a hypothetical intrusion occurred in the volcanic system. This approach gives a picture of the 3-D topographic effect at Teide that can provide insight in order to improve the geodetic monitoring of the volcano.
Marketing Mix Pengaruhnya terhadap Volume Penjualan pada PT. Manado Sejati Perkasa Group

Pemasaran merupakan pendorong untuk meningkatkan penjualan sehingga tujuan perusahaan dapat tercapai, dalam melaksanakan aktivitas pemasaran, setiap perusahaan berupaya untuk menetapkan strategi pemasaran dan target market -nya. Strategi pemasaran tersebut adalah strategi tentang bauran pemasaran ( marketing mix ). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh produk, harga, promosi dan tempat terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan pada perusahan PT. Manado Sejati Perkasa Group. Metode penelitian adalah asosiatif yang bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh antar variabel, dan pengambilan data menggunakan survey. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling , dan analisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk, promosi, harga dan tempat secara simultan dan parsial berpengaruh terhadap volume penjualan. Hasil uji menunjukan tempat merupakan variabel yang dominan dalam penelitian ini. Saran yang dapat penulis berikan sebagai berikut: Manajemen PT. Manado Sejati Perkasa Group sebaiknya memberikan perhatian pada strategi promosi dan tempat untuk meningkatkan volume penjualan dan melakukan evaluasi terhadap strategi produk dan harga yang kurang memberikan kontribusi terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan agar keseluruhan strategi pemasaran dapat memberikan kontribusi yang optimal. Kata kunci :produk, harga, promosi, tempat, volume penjualan
Universal time dependence of nighttime F region densities at high latitudes

Coordinated EISCAT, Chatanika, and Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar observations have revealed that in the auroral zone, the nighttime F region densities vary substantially with the longitude of the observing site: EISCAT's densities are the largest and Millstone Hill's are the lowest. The nighttime F region densities measured by the individual radars are not uniform: the regions where the densities are maximum are the so-called “blobs” or “patches” that have been reported previously. The observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the nighttime densities are produced in significant amounts not by particle precipitation, but by solar EUV radiation, and that they have been transported across the polar cap. The observed differences can be explained by the offset of the geographic and geomagnetic poles. A larger portion of the magnetospheric convection pattern is sunlit when EISCAT is in the midnight sector than when Chatanika is. In winter, when Millstone Hill is in the midnight sector, almost all the auroral oval is in darkness. This universal time effect, which was observed on all coordinated three-radar experiments (September 1981 to February 1982), is illustrated using two periods of coincident radar and satellite observations: November 18–19, and December 15–16, 1981. These two periods were selected because they corresponded to relatively steady conditions. Dynamics Explorer (DE) measurements are used to aid in interpreting the radar observations. DE 1 auroral images show what portion of the oval was sunlit. DE 2 data are used to measure the ion drift across the polar cap. Because the altitude of the ionization peak was high, the decay time of the F region density was substantially longer than the transit time across the polar cap. The southward meridional wind that was observed coincidentally with the ionization patches at Chatanika and EISCAT contributed to the maintenance of the F region by raising the altitude of the peak. DE 2 Langmuir probe measurements of electron density clearly showed a UT dependence, the same as that in the radar measurements.