Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONVECTION IN SCALED TURBINE INTERNAL COOLING PASSAGES WITH ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING ROUGHNESS

Additive manufacturing processes, such as direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), enable creation of novel turbine cooling internal passages and systems. However, the DMLS method produces a significant and unique surface roughness. Previous work in scaled passages analyzed pressure losses and friction factors associated with the rough surfaces, as well as investigated the velocity profiles and turbulent flow characteristics within the passage. In this study, the heat transfer characteristics of scaled additively manufactured surfaces were measured using infrared (IR) thermography. Roughness panels were CNC machined from plates of aluminum 6061 to create near isothermal roughness elements when heated. Fluid resistance differences between the aluminum roughness panels and roughness panels constructed from ABS plastic using the same roughness patterns from McClain et al. (2020) were investigated. Finally, the overall thermal performance enhancements and friction losses were assessed through calculation of surface averaged “global thermal performance” ratios. The global thermal performance characterizations indicate results in-line with those found for traditional commercial roughness and slightly below traditional internal passage convection enhancement methods such as swirl chambers, dimples, and ribs. The passages investigated in this study do not include compressibility effects or the long-wavelength artifacts and channel geometric deviations observed by Wildgoose et al. (2020). However, the results of this study indicate that, based on the roughness augmentation alone, artificial convective cooling enhancers such as turbulators or dimples may still be required for additively manufactured turbine component cooling.
Physical and compositional characteristics of cheese and yogurt made from partially demineralized milk protein concentrate

The milk protein concentrate (MPC) has been extensively studied; however, the MPC partial demineralization through the diafiltration (DF) and its effect on MPC ability to produce milk coagulate products has not been fully explored; therefore, it was considered studying the MPC demineralization process with DF and evaluate the effect of this treatment on the compositional and textural characteristics of enzymatically and acid-coagulated products. The MPC of ultrafiltration was diafiltered by two cycles, later this MPC was used to make a fresh cheese, a set yogurt and stirred yogurt. The application of a single DF cycle removed 22.2% of the ashes and 8.12% of the MPC calcium, but no statistically significant differences were present (P> 0.05) between the application of two DF cycles. The cheeses with MPC undergone to one cycle and two cycles of DF were less hard and presented less resistance to chewing, and the set yogurt showed lower springiness values due a total solids and calcium content, that was affected by DF. These phenomena increased the coagulation time and the formation of weaker gels. The DF achieved the maximum milk demineralization in a single cycle.
Recommendation on Live-Streaming Platforms: Dynamic Availability and Repeat Consumption

Live-streaming platforms broadcast user-generated video in real-time. Recommendation on these platforms shares similarities with traditional settings, such as a large volume of heterogeneous content and highly skewed interaction distributions. However, several challenges must be overcome to adapt recommendation algorithms to live-streaming platforms: first, content availability is dynamic which restricts users to choose from only a subset of items at any given time; during training and inference we must carefully handle this factor in order to properly account for such signals, where ‘non-interactions’ reflect availability as much as implicit preference. Streamers are also fundamentally different from ‘items’ in traditional settings: repeat consumption of specific channels plays a significant role, though the content itself is fundamentally ephemeral. In this work, we study recommendation in this setting of a dynamically evolving set of available items. We propose LiveRec, a self-attentive model that personalizes item ranking based on both historical interactions and current availability. We also show that carefully modelling repeat consumption plays a significant role in model performance. To validate our approach, and to inspire further research on this setting, we release a dataset containing 475M user interactions on Twitch over a 43-day period. We evaluate our approach on a recommendation task and show our method to outperform various strong baselines in ranking the currently available content.
A Language-Based Method for Assessing Symbolic Boundary Maintenance between Social Groups

When the social boundaries between groups are breached, the tendency for people to erect and maintain symbolic boundaries intensifies. Drawing on extant perspectives on boundary maintenance, we distinguish between two strategies that people pursue in maintaining symbolic boundaries: boundary retention—entrenching themselves in pre-existing symbolic distinctions—and boundary reformation—innovating new forms of symbolic distinction. Traditional approaches to measuring symbolic boundaries—interviews, participant-observation, and self-reports are ill-suited to detecting fine-grained variation in boundary maintenance. To overcome this limitation, we use the tools of computational linguistics and machine learning to develop a novel approach to measuring symbolic boundaries based on interactional language use between group members before and after they encounter one another. We construct measures of boundary retention and reformation using random forest classifiers that quantify group differences based on pre- and post-contact linguistic styles. We demonstrate this method's utility by applying it to a corpus of email communications from a mid-sized financial services firm that acquired and integrated two smaller firms. We find that: (a) the persistence of symbolic boundaries can be detected for up to 18 months after a merger; (b) acquired employees exhibit more boundary reformation and less boundary retention than their counterparts from the acquiring firm; and (c) individuals engage in more boundary retention, but not reformation, when their local work environment is more densely populated by ingroup members. We discuss implications of these findings for the study of culture in a wide range of intergroup contexts and for computational approaches to measuring culture.
Bilingual advantages in executive functioning: Evidence from a low-income sample

Recent research suggests that bilinguals might exhibit advantages in several areas of executive function, including working memory, inhibitory control, and attentional control. However, few studies have examined potential bilingual advantages within lower socioeconomic status (SES) populations. Here we addressed this gap in the literature by investigating whether low-SES Spanish–English bilingual preschoolers exhibited advantages in executive function relative to two monolingual control groups (English, Spanish). Across three experiments, bilingual children exhibited superior performance on two different measures of visual–spatial memory, as well as measures of inhibitory and attentional control. These results suggest that bilinguals exhibit broad advantages in executive function during the preschool years, and these advantages are evident within a disadvantaged, low-SES population.
Reply on RC1-2

L7: ”Intense upwelling coincides with deep mixed layers”: is this really unique? Are the layers deep? R: We find that the pattern of intense upwelling coinciding with deep mixed layers in the seasonal cycle is unique to the HUS. As shown in fig. 2e of the manuscript, the Humboldt system is the only of the four major EBUS that reveals a positive temporal correlation between MLD and upwelling intensity. We will add a clarifying sentence to the manuscript. L11: In contrast to previous studies, reduced phytoplankton growth due to enhanced upwelling of cold waters and lateral advection are second-order drivers of low surface chlorophyll concentrations”: not sure what previous studies were asserting. R: We will rephrase this section and be more precise. We find that lateral advection plays a role for phytoplankton biomass (and hence in the ’seasonal paradox’). This finding confirms previous studies by Messie and Chavez (2015), Lachkar and Gruber (2011) that address the importance of lateral advection for phytoplankton biomass build-up in Peru and other EBUS because of the inverse relationship of advection and water residence time. With respect to the role of temperature limitation due to cold surface waters in winter, Echevin et al. (2008) stated based on a sensitivity study that it was negligible in the Peruvian system and did not include the associated analyses (figure) on temperature limitation in their results. We here add our model results in terms of temperature limitation (temperature growth factor), as we do find an effect, even though it is of second order. We will reword and replace the above sentence with the following text (L11-13): ”The effect of advection on the build-up of phytoplankton biomass, though of secondorder, is consistent with previous findings for the Peruvian system and other EBUS, with enhanced offshore export opposing the coastal build-up of biomass. In addition, we find that upwelling brings up relatively colder water and slightly slows down the build-up of phytoplankton biomass. ” L15: what about the role of nutrient enrichment? It could be reduced under climate change. See Echevin et al. (2020). R: We agree that nutrients might be reduced under climate change due to increasing stratification and potentially weakening upwelling. As discussed in our manuscript (L156-158 and L341-343), our results suggest that the system in its present state is not nutrient-limited. Although surface DIN concentration shows a clear seasonal cycle, it is not the limiting factor of phytoplankton growth, even when concentrations are lowest in summer. Unless future nutrient concentrations drop substantially below 'summer levels', we expect that other limiting processes (dilution, light condition) would dominate the impact of reduced nutrients. Therefore, a dominant role of reduced nutrient supply in case of a weakening of upwelling seems less likely than other effects of increasing stratification. We will expand on the role of a potentially reduced nutrient supply in the climate change section.
Determinants of debt financing in South African state-owned entities

Using debt to finance investments is a common feature in the balance sheets of state-owned entities (SOEs). The greater the degree of financial leverage, the higher the proportion of debt resulting in greater interest payments that negatively affect the earnings attributable to shareholders. This paper considers the determinants of debt financing in light of the debt crisis that the South African economy faces and, more so, the public sector and its validity under capital structure theories. The data set was analyzed for the financial period from 1995 to 2020 of thirty-three commercial SOEs in South Africa. Multiple regression models were tested using the Generalized Method of Moments estimator. The results highlighted that significant variables affecting state-owned entities’ debt levels are profitability, age, growth opportunities, liquidity, probability of bankruptcy, and non-debt tax shield. The policy recommendations are that the government prioritizes reducing debt levels for South Africa to develop and achieve sustainable development. The changes in firm-specific factors that affect the optimal capital structure and the entity’s value must be considered.
Single-crystalline graphene radio-frequency nanoswitches

Growth of monolayer single-crystalline graphene (SCG) using the low-pressure chemical vapor deposition method is reported. Graphene’s superb quality and single-crystalline nature were characterized and verified by Raman microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and carrier mobility measurement. Radio-frequency (RF) nanoelectromechanical switches based on coplanar waveguide double-clamped SCG membrane were achieved, and the superb properties of SCG enable the switches to operate at a pull-in voltage as low as 1 V, with switch time in the nanosecond regime. Owing to their single-crystalline nature, the switches’ lifetime (>5000 times) is much longer than that of polycrystalline graphene ones reported. The RF devices exhibit good isolation (−30 dB at 40 GHz (Ka band)), which can be further improved by SCG’s conductivity variation due to actuation voltage.
Adoption of E-Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Role of Age and Gender

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in the complete disruption of the learning ecosystem across the world. The sudden shift from the class room learning to the use of virtual platforms has not only made an unprecedented impact on the learning style of the students, but has also resulted in the problem of adoption of the same. Thus, with the significant surge in the usage of e-learning mechanism, the researchers even tend to predict the continued usage of the digital learning platforms post pandemic due to its accelerated usage and adoption by the learners and teachers as well across the age and gender. Therefore, the present research seeks to study the factors influencing e-learning adoption by the students in the context of the pandemic. Further, it would examine the moderating influence of age and gender for the adoption of e-learning using the UTAUT model with extended constructs like computer anxiety, attitude, and technology anxiety.
Machine Learning for Terminal Procedure Chart Change Detection

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Two-Sided Cultural Fit: The Differing Behavioral Consequences of Cultural Congruence Based on Values Versus Perceptions

How do people establish and maintain cultural fit with an organization? Prior research has offered two perspectives that have heretofore been conceptually disconnected. One focuses on personal values, whereas another emphasizes perceptions of the cultural code. We develop a theoretical account that integrates these approaches by linking them to distinct mechanisms and behavioral consequences of cultural fit. We propose that value congruence—the match between one’s values and those that prevail in an organization—relates to the mechanism of group attachment and shapes behavior when one periodically steps back from day-to-day interactions, assesses one’s identification with an organization, and determines whether to stay or voluntarily depart. In contrast, we argue that perceptual congruence—the degree to which one implicitly understands an organization’s prevailing values and norms—relates to the mechanism of interpersonal coordination and influences behavior when one engages in routine peer interactions. Accordingly, we theorize that these two forms of cultural fit relate to distinct behaviors, voluntary exit and linguistic conformity with peers, respectively. Drawing on email and survey data from a midsized technology firm, we find support for our theory and discuss the implications of our findings for research on person-culture fit, dual-process models of culture and cognition, and the pairing of surveys with digital trace data. Funding: This work was supported by the Berkeley Culture Center, the Cortese Distinguished Chair in Management, the Grether Chair of Business Administration and Public Policy.
Servant Leadership and Employee Advocacy: The Mediating Role of Psychological Empowermentand Perceived Relationship Investment

The current study examines how servant leadership relates with employee advocacy behaviors through the mediating role of psychological empowerment and perceived relationship investment (PRI). Through a quantitative survey with 357 employees who work for a variety of organizations in Chile, the study’s results indicated that servant leadership plays a critical role in fostering psychological empowerment and PRI, which in turn encourage employee advocacy behaviors. Relevant theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
What's the Situation with Situated Visualization? A Survey and Perspectives on Situatedness

Situated visualization is an emerging concept within visualization, in which data is visualized in situ, where it is relevant to people. The concept has gained interest from multiple research communities, including visualization, human-computer interaction (HCI) and augmented reality. This has led to a range of explorations and applications of the concept, however, this early work has focused on the operational aspect of situatedness leading to inconsistent adoption of the concept and terminology. First, we contribute a literature survey in which we analyze 44 papers that explicitly use the term “situated visualization” to provide an overview of the research area, how it defines situated visualization, common application areas and technology used, as well as type of data and type of visualizations. Our survey shows that research on situated visualization has focused on technology-centric approaches that foreground a spatial understanding of situatedness. Secondly, we contribute five perspectives on situatedness (space, time, place, activity, and community) that together expand on the prevalent notion of situatedness in the corpus. We draw from six case studies and prior theoretical developments in HCI. Each perspective develops a generative way of looking at and working with situatedness in design and research. We outline future directions, including considering technology, material and aesthetics, leveraging the perspectives for design, and methods for stronger engagement with target audiences. We conclude with opportunities to consolidate situated visualization research.
Two New Localities of Astyanax Cavefish Plus

The Astyanax species complex has two morphs: a blind, depigmented morph which 19 inhabits caves in México and an eyed, pigmented surface-dwelling morph. The eyed morph can also 20 be found in caves, sometimes hybridizing with the cave morph. This species complex has arguably 21 become the most prominent model system among cave organisms for the study of evolutionary 22 development and genomics. Before this study, 32 caves were known to be inhabited by the cave 23 morph, 30 of them within the El Abra region. The purpose of this study was to conduct new surveys 24 of the area and to assess some unconfirmed reports of caves presumably inhabited by troglomorphic 25 fish. We describe two new localities, Sótano del Toro #2 and Sótano de La Calera. These two caves 26 make a single hydric system together with the previously described cave of Sótano del Toro. The 27 system is inhabited by a mixed population of troglomorphic, epigeomorphic and presumably 28 hybrid fish. Furthermore, Astyanax cavefish and the mysid shrimp Spelaeomysis quinterensis show a 29 phylogeographic convergence that supports the notion that the central Sierra de El Abra is a 30 biogeographical region that has influenced the evolutionary history of its aquatic community across 31 species. The presumptive location of its boundaries, which may limit cave-to-cave or surface-to-cave 32 gene flow, are identified. 33
How to Do Human Evaluation: Best Practices for User Studies in NLP

Many research topics in natural language pro-001 cessing (NLP), such as explanation genera-002 tion, dialog modeling or machine translation, 003 require evaluation that goes beyond standard 004 metrics like accuracy or F 1 score toward a 005 more human-centered approach. Therefore, 006 understanding how to design user studies be-007 comes increasingly important. However, few 008 comprehensive resources exist on planning, 009 conducting and evaluating user studies for 010 NLP, making it hard to get started for re-011 searchers without prior experience in the ﬁeld 012 of human evaluation. In this paper, we summa-013 rize the most important aspects of user studies 014 and their design and evaluation, providing di-015 rect links to NLP tasks and NLP speciﬁc chal-016 lenges where appropriate. We (i) outline gen-017 eral study design, ethical considerations, and 018 factors to consider for crowdsourcing, (ii) dis-019 cuss the particularities of user studies in NLP 020 and provide starting points to select question-021 naires, experimental designs and evaluation 022 methods that are tailored to the speciﬁc NLP 023 tasks. Additionally, we offer examples with 024 accompanying statistical evaluation code in R 025 throughout, to bridge the gap between theoret-026 ical guidelines and practical applications. 1 027
Parsing Speech for Grouping and Prominence, and the Typology of Rhythm

Humans appear to be wired to perceive acoustic events rhyth-mically. English speakers, for example, tend to perceive alternating short and long sounds as a series of binary groups with a ﬁnal beat (iambs), and alternating soft and loud sounds as a series of trochees. This generalization, often called the ‘Iambic-trochaic Law’ (ITL), although viewed as an auditory universal by some, has been argued to be shaped by language experience. Earlier work on the ITL had a crucial limitation, in that it did not tease apart the percepts of grouping and prominence, which the notions of iamb and trochee inherently confound. We explore how intensity and duration relate to percepts of prominence and grouping in six languages (English, French, German, Japanese, Mandarin, and Spanish). The results show that the ITL is not universal, and that cue interpretation is shaped by language experience. However, there are also invariances: Duration ap-pears relatively robust across languages as a cue to prominence (longer syllables are perceived as stressed), and intensity for grouping (louder syllables are perceived as initial). The results show the beginnings of a rhythmic typology based on how the dimensions of grouping and prominence are cued.
Traditional Chinese medicine Zizhu ointment alleviates inflammatory activity during wound healing in diabetic rats

Diabetic ulcers are a severe complication in patients with diabetes that often lead to amputation. The etiology of diabetes-induced wound healing impairment is multi-faceted. Persistent inflammation and deficient tissue regeneration have been suggested to impair wound healing in diabetes patients. Although new therapeutic approaches have been developed, many chronic wound treatments remain unsatisfactory, and more promising therapeutics are urgently needed. We thus developed diabetic wounding models with or without bacterial infection in rats that are optimized for testing a traditional Chinese medicine-Zizhu ointment. We observed increased proinflammatory markers and decreased angiogenesis in both non-infected and infected diabetic wounded rats. These changes were normalized by Zizhu ointment. Additionally, activation of Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were observed in diabetic wounded rats, whereas Zizhu ointment significantly inhibited activation of these proteins. Our results suggest that Zizhu ointment promotes wound healing by inhibiting the inflammatory response.