Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Family burden in alcohol dependence: A study in north-eastern India -

Background: Substance abuse and dependence besides affecting the individual also has substantial impact upon the family. It puts the whole family through a physical, psychological, emotional and financial stress. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the various socio-demographic variables of alcohol-dependent patients as well as their primary care givers and evaluate the severity and pattern of family burden among them. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional single interview case study done at Silchar Medical College and Hospital Assam after obtaining permission from ethics committee. Briefly, 50 cases were selected serially from the Psychiatry Outpatient department fulfilling the ICD-10 criteria of alcohol dependence syndrome and the primary care givers of these cases were assessed to evaluate the pattern and severity of family burden which was assessed via family burden interview scale. Results: Majority of alcohol dependence cases were from the age range of 35 to 44 years (44%) while their primary care givers from 30 to 39 years (44%). Most of cases had their spouses (74%) as the primary care givers and 10–14 years of alcohol dependence (34%). Majority the primary care givers suffered from moderate type of family burden especially in area such as disruption of routine family activity, recreation and family interaction. Higher family burden was associated with equal to or more than 15 years of alcohol dependence which was statistically significant in most of the areas. Higher subjective burden was also observed when the primary care givers were spouse, cases were from rural areas, having nuclear family type with being illiterate/primary educated, belonging to lower/lower socio-economic group, and were financially dependent on others (unemployed/housewives). Conclusion: The severity of family burden is greatly influenced by the socio-demographic variables of the families as well as the duration of the substance dependence of the cases.
Mechanisms of Apoptosis in Cancer: Regulatory Role of Caspases

Die vorliegende Arbeit gewahrt Einblick in biochemische Signalwege, die in verschiedenen Zellsystemen zu apoptotischem Zelltod nach Behandlung mit Zytostatika fuhren. Die Arbeit uberspannt zwei Bereiche: die Identifizierung des initiierenden Signalweges bei Zytostatika-induzierter Apoptose in der humanen B-Zell Lymphom Zellinie BJAB und Einblick in Apoptose-bezogene Ereignisse, die durch Zytostatikabehandlung induziert werden. Die Verifizierung, das Zytostatikabehandlung nicht nur das Zellwachstum hemmt sondern auch Apoptose induziert, ist der erste Schritt. Der erste Bereich behandelt spezifische Ereignisse/Proteine die mit der Apoptose assoziiert sind: Um den initiierenden Signalweg bei Zytostatika-induzierter Apoptose zu bestimmen, wird die Kaskade der apoptotischen Ereignisse am Endpunkt der Apoptose beginnend aufgedeckt: Zytostatika-induzierter Zelltod wurde mittels Trypan-Blau Farbung untersucht und die Quantifizierung ergab, das etwa 60% der behandelten BJAB-Zellen nach 72 Std. sterben. Weitere Charakteristika der Apoptose wurden, dem Signalweg aufwarts folgend, mittels immunchemischer, biochemischer und zellbiologischer Methoden untersucht. Die Fragmentierung der DNA wurde durch durchfluszytometrische Analyse bestimmt; Aktivierung der Caspasen wurde sowohl durch WesternBlot Analyse als auch in Caspase-spezifischen Aktivitats-Assays detektiert. Hierdurch wird gezeigt, das wahrend der Apoptose die DNA degradiert wird, was in einer gesteigerten Zahl hypodiploider Zellen resultiert, die bis zu 60% nach 72 Std. erreichen. Eines der Caspase-Substrate, Poly-(ADP-Ribose)-Polymerase (PARP), wird spezifisch wahrend der Zytostatika-induzierten Apoptose in BJAB-Zellen gespalten, was durch Western-Blot Analyse gezeigt wird. Desweiteren werden Caspase-3-, Caspase-9und Caspase-8-Aktivierung mittels Western-Blot Analyse detektiert. Die Prozessierung der Caspase-8 warf die Frage auf, welches der Startpunkt der Caspase-Kaskade bei Zytostatika-induzierter Apoptose ist, da Caspase-8 im allgemeinen als die am Anfang der Protease-Kaskade stehende Initiator-Caspase bei der CD95/Fas induzierten Apoptose betrachtet wird. Der Zusammenbruch des mitochondrialen Membranpotentials, ein Ereignis, das oberhalb der Aktivierung von Caspase-9 gelegen ist, wurde mittels durchfluszytometrischer Analyse untersucht unter Gebrauch des Farbstoffes JC-1 (5,5 ,6,6 -tetrachloro-1,1 ,3,3 -tetraethyl-benzimidazolylcarbocyanin iodide), der sensitiv auf Veranderungen im mitochondrialen Membranpotential reagiert. Fur BJAB-Zellen konnte ein signifikanter Verlust des mitochondrialen Membranpotentials gezeigt werden, der in 80% der mit Taxol-behandelten und 60% der Epirubizin-behandelten Zellen nach 72 Std. nachgewiesen wurde. Um im weiteren die Rolle der Caspase-8 Prozessierung zu untersuchen, wurden stabil transfizierte Zellen, die eine dominantnegative Mutante des Adaptermolekuls FADD (Fas assoziiertes Protein mit Todesdomane) exprimieren, eingesetzt. FADD ist notwendig zur Formierung des Todes-indu-
Göç Eden Gebe Kadınların Planlı Davranış Kuramına Göre Doğum Öncesi Bakım Almaya Yönelik Niyet ve Tutumlarını Etkileyen Etmenler Factors Affect Immigrant Women’ Attitudes and Intentions About Receiving Antenatal Care Based on Planned Behavior Theory

Amac: Bu calismanin amaci goc eden gebe kadinlarin planli davranis kuramina gore dogum oncesi bakim almaya yonelik niyet ve tutumlarini etkileyen etmenlerin incelenmesidir. Gerec ve Yontem: Arastirma tanimlayici tipte olup, Şubat 2012- Mayis 2012 tarihleri arasinda yurutulmustur. Calismanin orneklemini, Turkiye’nin cesitli bolgelerinden goc etmis 83 gebe kadin olusturmustur. Veri toplama araci olarak arastirmacilar tarafindan literatur dogrultusunda olusturulmus anket formu ve “Dogum Oncesi Bakim Olcegi (DOBO)” kullanilmistir. Bulgular: Gebelerin dogum oncesi bakim olceginden aldiklari puan ortalamasi 148.72±36.14’dur. Gebe kadinlarin yas ortalamasi (n=83) 27.38± 5.75. Etnik koken dogum oncesi bakim olceginden alinan puanlari etkilemektedir (X2=7.05, p=0.02). Gebelerin eslerinin egitimi dogum oncesi bakim olceginden alinan puanlari etkilemektedir (X2=13.84, p=0.00). Saglik calisanlari ile iletisimde zorluk yasama (U=230.500, p=0.01) dogum oncesi bakim olceginden alinan puanlari etkilemektedir. Sonuc: Egitim duzeyi, kararlari alma durumlari, birlikte yasanan kisiler, gebelik sayisi, gelir durumu, saglikla ilgili konularda insanlara danisma, etnik koken, mezhep, iletisim degiskenlerinin dogum oncesi bakim alma konusunda niyet ve tutumlari etkiledigi belirlenmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Davranis, dogum oncesi bakim, dogum oncesi bakim olcegi, gebe kadin, gocmenlik. Aim: The purpose of this study was to factors affect immigrant women’ attitudes and intentions about receiving antenatal care based on planned behavior theory. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted between the dates February-May 2012. Sample was 83 immigrant pregnant women migrated from various regions of Turkey. “Antenatal Care Scale” and a questionnaire, developed by researchers based on literature, were used for data collection. Results: Antenatal care scale mean scores was 148.72 ± 36.14. Average age of pregnant women (n = 83) was 27.38 ± 5.75. It is found that ethnicity has an effect on antenatal care scale scores (X2=7.05, p= 0.02). Educational level of the husbands has an effect on antenatal care scale scores (X2=13.84, p= 0.00). Difficulties in communication with health professionals has an effect on the antenatal care scale scores (U= 230.500, p=0.01). Conclusion: It was determined educational level, participation in decision making process, number of persons in household, number of pregnancy, income status, seeking consultation about health-related issues, ethnicity, denomination, and communication have influence on attitudes and intentions about receiving antenatal care. Key Words: Antenatal care scale, behavior, immigration, pregnant women, prenatal care.
Assessment of serological markers for the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis

「自己免疫性膵炎臨床診断基準2006」に血清IgG4が血清学的診断項目として採用された．IgG4の本疾患に対する感度は80%程度，膵癌を対象とした特異度は98%と非常に高い．しかし，IgG4陽性膵癌例も存在し疾患特異的ではない．IgGは感度70%，特異度75%であった．非特異的自己抗体，抗核抗体，リューマチ因子の陽性率はそれぞれ60%，20%∼30%程度であるが，疾患特異的自己抗体，抗SS-A抗体，抗SS-B抗体，抗ミトコンドリア抗体はほとんど陽性となることはなかった．各血清マーカーの同一検体による比較検討ではIgG4の診断能が最も優れていた．抗核抗体，リューマチ因子を追加測定することにより診断能はさらに向上したが，IgGを追加しても向上を認めなかった．しかしIgG4が保険適応されていない現状ではIgGが測定される機会が多く，抗核抗体，リューマチ因子を追加測定することが現実的と考えられる．
Knowledge and Attitude towards HIV/AIDS among transsexuals in Kuantan, Pahang

Introduction: Lack of knowledge and negative attitude towards HIV/AIDS may be the risk factors for HIV infection among transsexuals. Research on knowledge and attitude towards HIV infection in transsexual communities is very limited at both local and international levels. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude towards HIV infection among the male-to-female transsexual community in Kuantan, Pahang. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from July to August 2014 among 33 male-to-female transsexuals in Kuantan, Pahang. Convenience sampling was used. Participants who gave consent answered a self-administered questionnaire. Data obtained was analyzed with descriptive statistics, χ2-test, and independent sample t test. Results: The majority of the subjects in this study were 29 years and below (48.5%), Muslims (93.9%), and had completed up to secondary education (60.6%). Most of them were sex workers (60.6%), and had relatively low income (no income to RM 3000, mean of RM1528). A total of 87.9% of the subjects demonstrated good knowledge and also positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS. Level of education was significantly associated with scores in knowledge (p=0.01). Conclusions: Despite the positive outcome from this study, misconceptions towards HIV/AIDS still exist among transsexuals. Education and interventions from multiple directions on HIV/AIDS are essential to deliver the correct information to this population, so as to emphasize prevention, early detection, and holistic medical care. Transsexuals also require attention from religious bodies and non-governmental organizations to help them in employment, financial, spiritual, and psycho-social issues.
Changing landscape of immuno-oncology: CAR-T therapy and PD1/PDL1 blockade

The current field of cancer treatment is undergoing a revolution. The influx of novel therapies derived from basic research on the immune system has shifted the landscape of modern medicine. Immunotherapy seeks to use the body’s own immune system as a medium to terminate neoplastic cells. This is performed by manipulating the immune system into either targeting cancer antigens or breaking down barriers towards T cell infiltration. The former mechanism uses CAR-T cells as an instrument to target specific cancer neo-antigens. CAR-T cells begin as T cells derived from a patient’s immune system. These cells are removed from the body and engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) through a process of viral transduction. This CAR allows the T cell to recognize and bind to a specific antigen of interest. In most cases, the antigen is present on cancer cells. The T cells, now expressing the CAR receptor, are transplanted back into the body of the patient and proceed to target cancer cells. This therapy has been used in hematological malignancies to great effect. Applying CAR-T cells to solid tumors is an ongoing process, but has been difficult to establish due to the immunosuppressive aspects of the tumor microenvironment. As such, combining CAR-T cells with traditional anticancer therapies has been proven to be efficacious in treating patients with solid tumors. In general, immunosuppression is a large problem in the treatment of v cancer. Cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment express receptors that downregulate tumor-targeting actions of the immune system. The discovery of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) allowed researchers to create novel antibodies that inhibit immunosuppression. PD1 located on T cells, binds to PDL1 on cancer and stromal cells. This interaction induces exhaustion and anergy in infiltrating T cells, thereby prevent T cells from targeting cancer cells. As such, the newly approved checkpoint blockade antibodies, Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab, block this interaction and allow T cells to carry out their targeting function. CAR-T cells and checkpoint blockade have both seen immense success in clinical trials and are currently being used the clinic. Nonetheless, development of these therapies for different types of cancers is an ongoing process and one that will require immense effort on behalf of the medical and pharmaceutical establishment .
Effect of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (250/50 g) or salmeterol (50 g) on COPD exacerbations

0954-6111/$ see front matter a 200 doi:10.1016/j.rmed. 2008.04. 019 Summary Objectives: COPD exacerbations are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study evaluated the effect of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 250/50 and salmeterol 50 mg twice daily on moderate to severe exacerbations. Methods: Patients received standardized treatment with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 250/50 during a 1-month run-in, followed by randomization to fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 250/50 or salmeterol for 12 months. Moderate to severe exacerbations were defined as worsening symptoms of COPD requiring treatment with oral corticosteroids, antibiotics, or hospitalization. Results: In 782 patients with COPD (mean FEV1 Z 0.94 0.36 L, 33% predicted normal), treatment with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 250/50 significantly reduced (1) the annual rate of moderate to severe exacerbations by 30.5% compared with salmeterol (1.06 and 1.53 per subject per year, respectively, p < 0.001), (2) the risk of time to first exacerbation by 25% (hazard ratio Z 0.750, p Z 0.003) and (3) the annual rate of exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids by 40% (p < 0.001). Clinical improvements observed during run-in treatment with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 250/50 were better maintained over 12 months with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 250/50 than salmeterol. Adverse events were reported for
Chronic obstructive bronchitis in a fodder farming setting

Les atteintes respiratoires en milieu agricole sont dominees, en termes de frequence et de gravite, par les bronchopneumopathies chroniques obstructives. Dans le Doubs, en milieu agricole fourrager, la prevalence de la bronchite chronique chez les actifs agricoles se situe aux alentours de 10 %, et pres de 6 % chez les non-fumeurs. Elle est deux fois plus elevee que dans une population temoin de sujets non exposes. Sa frequence est plus elevee chez l'homme, augmente avec l'âge et avec l'altitude. Une etude longitudinale a permis d'observer que les agriculteurs de sexe masculin âges de plus de 45 ans alteraient anormalement vite leur VEMS. Differentes etudes realisees dans le Doubs ont permis d'identifier des arguments epidemiologiques, fonctionnels et immunologiques en faveur de mecanismes immunoallergiques. Notamment, la bronchite chronique obstructive (BCO) survient beaucoup plus frequemment chez les agriculteurs ayant des antecedents de poumon de fermier ou des antecedents de symptomes respiratoires aigus semi-retardes par rapport a l'exposition. En revanche, il n'y a pas de lien evident entre BCO et intensite de l'exposition antigenique (quantite totale de fourrage manipule). En revanche, il existe un relation entre l'exposition aux actinomycetes thermophiles (antigenes du poumon de fermier) et la BCO. La frequence des precipitines seriques est plus elevee chez les agriculteurs porteurs d'une BCO que chez les agriculteurs asymptomatiques. Enfin, les agriculteurs non fumeurs porteurs d'une BCO, sans argument pour un poumon de fermier, ont un profil fonctionnel et une formule cellulaire alveolaire d'alveolite allergique extrinseque apres test de provocation aux extraits de foin moisi. Ces arguments plaident pour l'intervention de mecanismes immunoallergiques dans cette bronchite chronique agricole qui semble bien differente de la bronchite chronique tabagique.
Care of Children and Young Families With Cardiopulmonary Disorders Families of children with congenital heart disease: A literature review

In 2000 and 2002, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute launched two initiatives to encourage treatment innovations and research on children with heart disease and their families. Since then, no systematic reviews have examined the evidence regarding the impacts of having a child with congenital heart disease (CHD) on families. This review synthesized key findings regarding families of children with CHD, critiqued research methods, described what has been done, and provided recommendations for future inquiry. Databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL, Family & Society Studies Worldwide, Women’s Studies International, and PsycINFO. The literature search followed the PRISMA guidelines. As a result, ninety-four articles were reviewed. Four major themes were derived: parents’ psychological health, family life, parenting challenges, and family-focused interventions. In conclusion, while they found parents having psychological symptoms, researchers did not explore parents’ appraisals of what led to their symptoms. Research is needed to explore parents’ experiences and expectations.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT SOSIAL EKONOMI DENGAN ANGKA KEJADIAN TB PARU BTA POSITIF DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PETERONGAN JOMBANG TAHUN 2012 (THE RELATION OF ECONOMIC SOCIAL WITH OCCURERENCE NUMBER LUNGS TUBERCULOSIS WITH POSITIVE BTA IN THE DISTRICT OF PUSKESMAS PETERONGAN JOMBANG 2012)

Lungs tuberculosis was an infectious disease that caused by basil mycobacterium tuberculosis. In Indonesia, lungs tuberculosis still became society’s disease with occurrence number was still high. Lungs tuberculosis was influenced by many factors, such as individual characteristic, economic social, house environment and health facilities that not optimal. Research’s purpose was to know the relation of economic social with occurrence number of lungs tuberculosis with positive BTA in district of Puskesmas Peterongan. This research was correlation analytic closes cross sectional. Population was every lungs tuberculosis patients with positive BTA that became patient in Puskesmas Peterongan. Sample was 30 respondent that were chosen by using simple random sampling technique. Independent variable was economic social (education, job, income), dependent variable was number of event of lungs tuberculosis with positive BTA. Data collection with questioner and patient clinical observation with sputum examination. Then analyzed used statistic test rank spearman with significant grade < 0,05 and statistic test Regression. The result of statistic test showed the values of education level (pValue = 0,000, rho = 0,626),job (pValue = 0,002, rho = -0,535), income (pValue = 0,001, rho = -0,572), including the R. Square
Administration of Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) during an Orthotopic Heart Transplant

A 56yr old female with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and a remote unsubstantited history of lupus anticoagulant presented for orthotopic heart transplant. During the decannulation, the cardiopulmonary pass pump showed signs of clot. Simultaneously Bispectral Analysis neurological monitoring indicated a sudden and significant deterioration. The Neuro-interventional service diagnosed diffuse clot of the cerebral circulation and attempted treatment with Tissue Plasminogen Activator administration and mechanical thrombolysis.
Compound words in movie conversation "The silver linings playbook" by David O'russell

A compound word is a combination of two or more words that produce a new meaning. Remember to think that the importance of word in a sentence. Talk about words, the use of compound words are often found in the communication process, therefore researcher is interested in analyzing more about it. In this research, researchers focused more on analyzing compound words found in "The Silver Linings Playbook" movie by David O‟Russell. Through the movie, many compound words have been found, so the researcher will answer several research problems of this research, including (1) what are types of compound words in "The Silver Linings Playbook" movie by David O'Russell (2) what are functions of compound words in "The Silver Linings Playbook" movie by David O'Russell and (3) how the meaning of compound word contained in "The Silver Linings Playbook" movie by David O'Russell classified. The method used in this research is qualitative-descriptive, because in the process of data analysis needs a detailed description based on the characteristics of compound words. The theory used as the basis for data analysis is Haspelmath, which is about the types of compound words, the theory by Bauer is about the functions of compound words, and the theory by Ullmann is about the classification of meanings of compound words. Data collected through a transcript process first, then continued to identify and classify data based on the type, function and meaning of compound words. The results of this research show that 60 compound words were found from all the conversations in "The Silver Linings Playbook" movie by David O‟Russell. Based on the three research problems, there are 5 types of compound words, they are 22 of endocentric compounds, 36 of exocentric compounds, 1 of affix compound, and 1 of coordinative compound. Then, the researchers found 5 categories of compound words‟s function, including 37 of compound nouns, 3 of compound verbs, 7 of compound adjectives, 8 of compound adverbs, and 5 of other form classes. In classifying the meaning of compound words, the researcher found two kinds, including 22 of transparent meaning and 38 of opaque meaning.
Platelet profile and its correlation to paediatric patients with acute malaria in a tertiary care hospital

Introduction: Few studies are available as regards status of platelets in malaria in paediatric patients. Objectives: To correlate factors such as age, type of malaria species and degree of parasitaemia with the degree of thrombocytopenia and to correlate the mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width with the malaria species. Method: A prospective observational study was conducted on patients 1 to 17 years of age admitted to the department of paediatrics of a tertiary level hospital from January 2014 to November 2014 with a history of acute fever (less than 5 days) and peripheral blood smear positive for malarial parasites with the rapid diagnostic test. A detailed history and examination of the patients along with the demographic profile was entered in the predesigned proforma. Automated Coulter haematology analyser (Abacus) was used for investigations. The data was analysed by SPSS 16 statistical analysis. Comparison among three groups of continuous data was done using a One-way ANOVA, whereas data not conforming to normal distribution were compared by a Kruskal-Wallis Test. Categorical data were compared using Pearson Chi-Square Test. Results: There were 105 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 60% had vivax malaria, 33% had falciparum malaria and the rest had mixed malaria. Thrombocytopenia was present in 85%, severe thrombocytopenia ( Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia was present in 85% of patients, the degree of thrombocytopenia correlating significantly with the degree of parasitaemia and the type of malaria. The MPV but not the PDW correlated significantly with the type of malaria species. (Key words: Malaria, thrombocytopenia, rapid diagnostic test, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width). Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health , 2016; 45 (2):107-110 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4038/sljch.v45i2. 8117