Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Var gene transcription and clinical disease manifestation in African P. falciparum malaria field isolates

II Declaration . IV Acknowledgements . V Abbreviations . VI Table of contents . VIII Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 P. falciparum malaria general background . 2 1.1.1 Global burden of P. falciparum malaria . 2 1.1.2 P. falciparum lifecycle . 3 1.1.3 Antigenic variation . 8 1.2 PfEMP1 and var genes . 10 1.2. 1 PfEMP1 repertoire . 10 1.2. 2 Var gene structure . 11 1.2. 3 Var gene groups . 14 1.2. 4 Type 3 var genes . 17 1.2. 5 Var gene recombination . 19 1.2. 6 Timing of var gene expression. 20 1.2. 7 Activation and silencing of var genes . 21 1.2. 8 Var gene switching . 22 1.3 P. falciparum and adhesion. 24 1.3. 1 P. falciparum adhesion phenotypes . 24 1.3. 2 PfEMP1-mediated adhesion phenotypes: cytoadhesion . 25 1.3. 3 PfEMP1-mediated adhesion phenotypes: rosetting. 30 1.3. 4 PfEMP1-mediated adhesion phenotypes: platelet mediated clumping. 32 1.3. 5 PfEMP1-mediated immunomodulation . 33 1.4 P. falciparum malaria disease manifestation. 34 1.4. 1 P. falciparum malaria disease manifestation in African children . 34 1.4. 2 Definitions of clinical childhood disease used in this analysis . 36 i) Cerebral malaria . 36 ii) Uncomplicated malaria. 37 iii) Hyperparasitaemia. 37 1.4. 3 PfEMP1 and severe malaria in children . 38 1.4. 4 P. falciparum placental malaria . 40 1.4. 5 PfEMP1 and placental malaria . 42 1.5 Aims of the thesis. 44
Exploring the Moderating Effect of Quality Management Practices towards Supply Chain Performance in Malaysia Automotive Industry

This article reports a study designed to explore the state of supply chain management in the Malaysian automotive industry by examining the moderating effect of quality management practices towards the relationship between supply chain strategy and supply chain performance. This study is accomplished by using survey questionnaire that was answered by 65 respondents from Malaysian automotive components manufacturing firms. This study used the SPSS tool to test the hypotheses. The study found that quality management practices act as a quasi moderator towards relationship between supply chain strategy and supply chain performance. This study also empirically proved that for highly quality management practices, it can be as a strategy for improvement of supply chain performance. Implications of the finding are further elaborated.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN PERPAJAKAN DAN PENERAPAN SELF ASSESMENT SYSTEM TERHADAP KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK PADA KPP PRATAMA JAKARTA PANJARINGAN

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Pengetahuan Perpajakan dan Penerapan Self Assesment System terhadap Kesadaran Wajib Pajak serta dampaknya terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Sempel yang diteliti berjumlah 100 responden. Pengambilan sempel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan perhitungannya menggunakan program SPSS. Pengujian penelitian menggunakan uji parsial dan uji simultan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan perpajakan secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesadaran wajib pajak, penerapan self assesment system secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesadaran wajib pajak wajib, pengetahuan perpajakan dan self assesmnet system secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesadaran wajib pajak, pengetahuan perpajakan secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak, self assesment system secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak, kesadaran wajib pajak secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak, pengetahuan perpajakan, penerapan self assesment system dan kesadaran wajib pajak secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Hasil pengujian anova menunjukan mediasi kesadaran wajib pajak menambah pengaruh dari pengetahuan perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak, hasil pengujian anova mediasi kesadaran wajib pajak menambah pengaruh dari penerapan self assesment system terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Kata kunci ; Kepatuhan, Kesadaran, Pengetahuan, Self assesment system.
Hosts’ Responses to Parasitic Eggs: Which Cues Elicit Hosts’ Egg Discrimination?

Many hosts of the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) exhibit egg recognition, and reject parasitic eggs. How do hosts discriminate cuckoo eggs from their own? Hosts might be able to recognize their own eggs using the specific pigment pattern on the outer eggshell surface, which may serve as a cue for recognition. We tested if patterns of egg pigments (spottedness) contain this information by manipulating spot density of great reed warbler eggs (Acrocephalus arundinaceus). We also manipulated the colour of eggs when the original spot pattern remained the same. Spot density (approximately 15–75%) did not significantly affect rejection rate (8–20% rejection), but when spots fully covered the eggs, i.e. the eggshell was plain dark brown, rejection rate increased abruptly to 100%. A loglinear model revealed the significant influence of colour on rejection rates, although there was no interactive effect between spottedness and colour. Our results strongly support the differential use of egg markers in host’s egg discrimination, suggesting that spot density has limited importance compared to eggshell colour.
Core collections of plant genetic resources.

METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS FOR DEVELOPING CORE COLLECTIONS: Hierarchical Approaches to the Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Crop Plants USE OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF DATA IN DEVELOPING CORE COLLECTIONS: Developing a Coffee Core Collection Using the Principal Components Score Strategy with Quantitative Data MANAGING AND TESTING CORE COLLECTIONS: USING CORE COLLECTIONS: Core Collections for Gene Banks With Limited Resources CONCLUSION: Future Directions.
Improvement of soil and substitution of nitrogen with green-manure crops on follow-up sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum).

Four green-manure crops, viz prickly Sesban or local dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata L.), african dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata L.), indigo (Indigofera tinctoria L.) and sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), were evaluated to test therr efficacy in biomass production, improvement of soil and substitution of N on the follow-up sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). After ploughing green-manure crops, 3 levels of nitrogen (80, 120 and .160 kg N/ha) and 1 control treatment were tested on the succeeding sugarcane crop. Crotaiaria juncea was the flrst suitable green-manure for fast growth at all the growth stages. Total biomass production of Sesbania rostrata and Crotalaria juncea was equal. Total N and the available P and S status of the soil increased slightly on use of green-manure crops. Green-manure crops in the presence or absence of nitrogen had no significant effect on sugarcane, but nitrogen independently of greenmanure crops affected the yield of sugarcane significantly.
Feeding pigs on industrial type farms aimed at obtaining large amounts of ω-3 fatty acids.

The presence of a large amounts of saturated fatty acids in foods (dairy products, fatty meats) and especially LDL cholesterol, is considered as one of the main causes of many diseases in humans, where cardio-vascular diseases take priority. For these reasons, in today’s modern society is increasing the intake of foods that contain a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 fatty acids, because it has been clearly proven that they have very beneficial effects on health. The aim of our experiment was to investigate whether the addition of only 3% of extruded flaxseed (rich in n-3 PUFA) in the pigs’ diet during the last 12 weeks of the final fattening, could be achieved obtaining of large amounts of n-3 fatty acids in raw meat, with improvement of mutual relations between n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. The second objective was to examine is there any impact of this modified diet on blood count and biochemical parameters (enzymes: AST, ALT, AP and total amount of cholesterol and its individual fractions LDL and HDL, triglycerides) in pigs’sera. After pigs reached body weight of about 60kg, we formed groups of 10 pigs in each pen. In the experimental group, feeding of pigs was based on the use of concentrated feed for final fattening that contained 3% flax seed (at the expense of reduced amounts of soybean meal). The control group was fed on the usual way. After reaching slaughter weight of 110 kg, pigs were sent to slaughter. Based on physico-chemical investigations of row meat samples (M. quadriceps and M. longissimusthoracis) taken from slaughtered animals from both groups, we found a statistically significant increase in the quantity of n-3 fatty acids in the meat of experimental animals compared to the control group. Based on hematological and biochemical tests, we found an increased level of “good” HDL cholesterol in the experimental animals’ sera.
Pollination of cultivated plants in the tropics.

This bulletin, based on contributions from various contributors and edited by Dr. D.W. Roubik, introduces the reader to various aspects of natural and insect pollination. It discusses the pollinators themselves, and the ecological and economic importance of pollination, as well as applied pollination in temperate, tropical oceanic islands and mainland tropics, and alternatives to artificial pollinator populations. Prospects for the future are also discussed. Chapter 2 deals with successful pollination with pollinator populations, the evaluation of pollinators and floral biology and research techniques. The behaviour of pollinators and plant phenology and various case studies on the preparation of pollinators for use in tropical agriculture are also discussed. A glossary and various appendices regarding cultivated and semi-cultivated plants in the tropics, pollination contracts and levels of safety of pesticides for bees and other pollinators are included.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Educative Story Books and Face-to-Face Education on Anxiety of Hospitalized Children

1 MSc in Exercise Physiology, Sabzevar Education, Sabzevar, Iran. 2 MSc in Nursing Education, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran 3 MSc in Nursing Education, Schools of Nursing and Midwifery, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran 4 Assistant Professor, School of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 5 BSc in Public Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran * Corresponding author: Shahrbanoo Talebi, MSc in Nursing Education, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. E-mail: shtalebi12@yahoo.com Received: 23 Oct 2015 Accepted: 05 Jun 2016
CCK concentration and tryptic activity in early stages of finfish larvae

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Interaktionen zwischen dem gastrointestinalen Hormon Cholecystokinin und der Aktivitat des pankreatischen Enzyms Trypsin in larvalen Stadien mariner Fischarten untersucht. Die Moglichkeit der Manipulation der larvalen Trypsinaktivitat wurde direkt durch die Applikation des Hormons CCK-8s und indirekt durch die Verabreichung des pflanzlichen Proteins phytohemagglutinin (PHA), dass als Stimulans fur die CCK Ausschuttung bekannt ist, getestet. Die Behandlung erfolgte durch zwei Verabreichungsmethoden. Larven von Heilbutt und Hering erfuhren einmalige Behandlungen durch in vivo Mikroinjektionen (�micro-tube feeding�) in den larvalen Darm. Eine langere Behandlung wurde an Dorschlarven angewandt, welche taglich in CCK-8s Losungen verschiedener Konzentrationen gebadet wurden. Daten von Standardlange, Trockengewicht, CCK Konzentration und Trypsinaktivitat wurden von jeder einzelnen Fischlarve erhoben. Der �micro-tube feeding� Applikationstyp wurde als eine geeignete Methode zur Simulation von Einzelfutterungsereignissen in Fischlarven evaluiert. Fur Langzeituntersuchungen eignet sich die Behandlung durch wiederholtes Baden in einer Losung mit dem gewunschten Verabreichungsstoff besser. Zwischen der Entwicklung der CCK Konzentration und der Trypsinaktivitat konnte ein Feedback Mechanismus an marinen Fischlarven erstmalig gezeigt werden. Eine einzelne Hormonbehandlung mit CCK-8s reicht aus, um die endogene Trypsinaktivitat zu manipulieren. Durch einzelne Mikroinjektionen mit PHA wurde ein stimulierender Effekt auf die CCK Konzentration erreicht, doch moglicherweise bedarf es wiederholter Behandlungen mit diesem Protein, um auch eine erhohte Trypsinsekretion zu erzielen.
Selected topics in cancer modeling : genesis, evolution, immune competition, and therapy

Preface List of Contributors Genetic and Epigenetic Pathways to Colon Cancer: Relating Experimental Evidence with Modeling / N. L. Komarova, D. Wodarz, C. R. Boland, and A. Goel From Kinetic Theory for Active Particles to Modelling Immune Competition / A. Bellouquid and M. Delitala Towards Microscopic and Nonlocal Models of Tumour Invasion of Tissue / M. Lachowicz Nonlinear Renewal Equations / B. Perthame and S. K. Tumuluri A Game Theoretical Perspective on the Somatic Evolution of Cancer / D. Basanta and A. Deutsch Nonlinear Modeling and Simulation of Tumor Growth / V. Cristini, H. B. Frieboes, X. Li, J. S. Lowengrub, P. Macklin, S. Sanga, S. M. Wise, and X. Zheng Tumour Cords and Their Response to Anticancer Agents / A. Bertuzzi, A. Fasano, A. Gandolfi, and C. Sinisgalli Modeling Diffusely Invading Brain Tumors: An Individualized Approach to Quantifying Glioma Evolution and Response to Therapy / R. Rockne, E. C. Alvord Jr., M. Szeto, S. Gu, G. Chakraborty, and K. R. Swanson Multiphase Models of Tumour Growth / S. Astanin and L. Preziosi The Lymphatic Vascular System in Lymphangiogenesis, Invasion and Metastasis: A Mathematical Approach / M. S. Pepper and G. Lolas M for Invasion: Morphology, Mutation and the Microenvironment / A. R. A. Anderson Methods of Stochastic Geometry, and Related Statistical Problems in the Analysis and Therapy of Tumour Growth and Tumour-Driven Angiogenesis / V. Capasso, E. Dejana, and A. Micheletti Mathematical Modelling of Breast Carcinogenesis, Treatment with Surgery and Radiotherapy, and Local Recurrence / H. Enderling and J. S. Vaidya Predictive Models in Tumour Immunology / P.-L. Lollini, A. Palladini, F. Pappalardo, and S. Motta Dynamically Adaptive Tumour-Induced Angiogenesis: The Impact of Flow on the Developing Capillary Plexus / S. R. McDougall Dynamic Irregular Patterns and Invasive Wavefronts: The Control of Tumour Growth by Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes / A. Matzavinos Multiscale Modelling of Solid Tumour Growth / H. M. Byrne, I. M. M. van Leeuwen, M. R. Owen, T. Alarcon, and P. K. Maini
Effects of midazolam supplementation on ketamine anaesthesia in butorphanol-xylazine premedicated horses

Clinically healthy horses (6) were utilized to evaluate the effect of midazolam supplementation on ketamine anaesthesia in horses premedicated with butorphanol and xylazine. Midazolam supplementation resulted in to slight increase in duration of anaesthesia and a significant improvement in the quality of analgesia, muscular relaxation and depth of anaesthesia with out producing any adverse effect on cardiorespiratory system.
Effect of Salicylic Acid and Brassinolide on Yield and Quality Traits of Chickpea Seeds

A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and brassinolide (BS) applied as foliar spray at vegetative and reproductive stages on yield and quality of chickpea seeds. The results showed significant differences in seed yield and quality attributes viz. protein, methionine and carbohydrate between untreated and treated chickpea seeds. The seed yield increased significantly by treatment with both regulators sprayed at both stages; the maximum yield enhancement was observed in plants sprayed with 40 ppm BS at reproductive stage. Carbohydrate content remained either same or decreased except in the 50 ppm SA sprayed crop at vegetative stage. The protein content decreased with brassinolide treatment but increased in response to salicylic acid. The methionine content increased significantly due to spray with salicylic acid and brassinolide at both stages. Quality improvement in chickpea seeds in terms of increased content of metabolites studied coupled with higher seed yield point out to the beneficial effect of salicylic acid. Yield enhancement was observed with the application of brassinolide.
Preneoplasia of the breast : a new conceptual approach to proliferative breast disease

Chapter 1: The Normal breast Chapter 2: Fibrocystic change and miscellaneous "non-neoplastic" epithelial and stromal lesion Chapter 3: Metaplastic changes and their neoplastic counterparts Chapter 4: Percutaneous breast biopsy Chapter 5: Pathological diagnosis in minimal invasive biopsy Chapter 6: Pathological diagnosis in surgical specimens Chapter 7: Basic principles of benign proliferative breast disease Chapter 8: Usual ductal hyperplasia Chapter 9: Sclerosing adenosis and other forms of adenosis Chapter 10: Radial scar Chapter 11: Papilloma Chapter 12: Adenoma of the breast and variants Chapter 13: Adenoma of the nipple Chapter 14: Adenomyoepithelial tumors Chapter 15: Fibroepithelial tumors Chapter 16: Inflammatory conditions of the breast Chapter 17: Basic principles of precursor lesions of breast cancer Chapter 18: Flat epithelial atypia Chapter 19: Atypical ductal hyperplasia Chapter 20: Ductal carcinoma in situ Chapter 21: Lobular neoplasia Chapter 22: The cytology of preneoplastic disease Chapter 23: Hormonal and genetic risk factors Chapter 24: Treatment for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ Chapter 25: Risk adapted therapy of ductal carcinoma in situ Chapter 26: Cytogenetic concepts of intraductal proliferative breast disease and invasive breast cancer Chapter 27: Pleiotropic functions of eht erbB oncogene family in breast cancer development and progression
Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification

Introduction to Freshwater Algae. Freshwater Habits of Algae. Coccoid and Colonial Cyanobacteria. Filamentous Cyanobacteria. Red Algae. Flagellated Green Algae. Non-Motile Coccoid and Colonial Green Algae. Filamentous and Plant-Like Green Algae. Conjugating Green Algal Filaments and Desmids. Photosynthetic Euglenoids. Eustigmatophyte, Raphidophyte, and Tribophyte Algae. Non-Scaled Golden Algae. Haptophyte Algae. Synurophyte Algae. Centric Diatoms. Araphid and Monoraphid Diatoms. Symmetrical Naviculoid Diatoms. Eunotioid and Aysmmetrical Naviculoid Diatoms. Keeled Raphid Diatoms. Dinoflagellates. Cryptophyte Algae. Brown Algae. Use of Algae in Environmental Assessments. Control of Nuisance Algae.
Characterization of Alachlor and Atrazine Desorption from Soils

Herbicide desorption isotherms may be affected by the amount of nondesorbable herbicide present in soil. Nondesorbable alachlor (as determined after methanol extraction) generally increased on a Waukegan silt loam (Typic Hapludolls) and a Ves clay loam (Udic Haplustolls) during five 0.01 M CaCl2 desorptions. Atrazine was totally extracted with methanol from the Waukegan soil after one desorption using 0.01 M CaCl2. However, after five desorptions with 0.01 M CaCl2 an average of 5.5 and 15.5% of the total recovered atrazine from two atrazine application rates was methanol nondesorbable from the Waukegan and Ves soils, respectively. Freundlich desorption isotherms adjusted for nondesorbable herbicide accounted for as much as 71 % of the difference between adsorption and desorption isotherms. Only a portion of the hysteresis observed can be attributable to nondesorbable herbicide.
Technological capabilities and cost efficiency as antecedents of foreign market entry

This work explores which factors increase firms' propensity to enter into international markets. The study draws on the resource-based view and assesses the effect played by firms' technological capabilities and cost structures on entry. While many research papers consider those two factors to be independent one from the other, this study focuses on their interactive effect. Empirical analysis covers the whole population of Spanish pharmaceutical firms over the period 1995-2004. By using data on trademarks filed at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), the study identifies those firms that have entered the US market with branded products. Then, the study uses a hazard model to empirically estimate which firms' resources and capabilities affect the probability of entry. Results show that firms can maximize the likelihood of entry in foreign markets by pursuing hybrid competitive strategies that combine together scope economies and cost efficiency.
The influence of the CYP1A2 polymorphism on the effect of caffeine ingestion and mouth rinsing on 3km cycling performance

PURPOSE: The objectives were to determine the effects of caffeine ingestion and mouth rinsing on cycling performance, and to assess whether the CYP1A2 gene is related to the size of the performance effects. METHODS: Thirty-eight recreational cyclists completed four simulated 3-kilometer time trials (TT). Subjects ingested either 6mg/kgBW of caffeine or placebo one hour prior to each TT. Additionally, 25 ml of 1.14% caffeine, or placebo solution was mouth rinsed before each TT. Treatments were: placebo ingestion+placebo rinse (Placebo), placebo ingestion+caffeine rinse (Rinse), caffeine ingestion+caffeine rinse (Ingestion+Rinse), caffeine ingestion+placebo rinse (Ingestion). Subjects were genotyped and classified as AA homozygotes or C allele carriers for the rs762551 polymorphism in CYP1A2. Magnitude based inferences were used to evaluate treatment differences. RESULTS: Both Ingestion+Rinse (‘likely’) and Ingestion (‘possibly’) improved performance compared to Placebo. Performance differences between Ingestion+Rinse and Ingestion and between Rinse and Placebo were ‘likely trivial. ’ C allele carriers experienced greater gains (‘likely’) with Ingestion compared to AA homozygotes. Additional analyses revealed that caffeine intake conferred larger benefits for subjects that performed trials prior to 10am. CONCLUSIONS: Caffeine ingestion, but not mouth rinse, improved cycling performance. C allele carriers experienced the largest improvement in performance with caffeine ingestion, especially prior to 10am.
Molecular diagnosis and chemotherapy of Trypanosoma evansi in Nili-Ravi buffaloes at district Okara (Pakistan).

A total of 144 blood samples were collected from apparently emaciated and anemic Nili-Ravi buffaloes in and around Livestock Experiment Station Bahadurnagar Okara during December, 2008 to May, 2009 including all age groups and either sex. They were screened for the presence of trypanosomes through stained (HemacolorTM, Merck) thin blood smears. The cases were confirmed as T. evansi through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA of the trypanosomes was isolated using trizol reagent. The assay employed primers ESAG 6/7 specific for 237 bp fragment from T. evansi genomic DNA which was subsequently electrophorised and analyzed on UV transilluminator. Eight samples (5.5%) were positive microscopically while 16 samples (11.11 %) were found positive through PCR, indicating the specificity and sensitivity of PCR for surveying the disease in epidemiological studies. All the diseased buffaloes were treated with diminazene aceturate (FA.TRY.BANIL R.T.U., FATRO, Italy @ 3.5 mg/ kg body weight). The treated animals were found negative for the parasite both microscopically as well as through PCR, 48 hours post injection indicating the sensitivity of this drug to T. evansi in buffaloes.