Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On multiply-exponential write-once Turing machines

AbstractInthisworkweanalyzethemultiply-exponentialcomplexityclassesforwrite-onceTuringmachines,i.e. machinesthatcanwritetoagiventapecellatmostonce. We show that k–DExpWOSpace = k–DExpWOTime = k–ExpTimeandthenondeterministiccounterpart. Foralternatingmachinesweshowthatk–AExpWOTime = k–AExpTime = k-1–ExpSpace.Keywords: computationalcomplexity,write-onceTuringmachine1. IntroductionTheideaofwrite-oncemachineswasﬁrststudiedbyHaoWang[1]in1957.ThosemachinesareanalogoustotheTuringmachines,withtheexceptionthatwriting is possible only to blank spaces; this model ﬁts manytypes of storagewhichareusedbothtodayandhistorically,forexamplepunchcardsandtapesand recordable optical discs (CD-R, DVD-R etc.). Those machines are equiv-alent to Turing machines with respect to the languages they accept. In thispaperwecharacterizesomecomplexityclassesofwrite-oncemachinesandshowwhat are the corresponding complexity classes for the usual Turing machines.Additionally,weconsiderafurtherrestrictionofwrite-oncemachines,thatareallowedtowriteonlyattheendofthetape,andshowthatthisclassofmachinesisnotuniversal.2. KnownresultsIn 1960 Lee [2] has shown many useful conversions of programs for usualTuring machines to programs for write-only machines with their complexities.SubsequentlyRivestandShamir[3]haveshownacodingschemewhichallowsfor eﬃcient simulation of updates; one of their most important results is thata value can be stored in a way which permits t updates at the expense ofincreasing the storage size asymptotically t=logt times. We will be using this
Dynamic flow scheduling for Power-efficient Data Center Networks

Power-efficient Data Center Networks (DCNs) have been proposed to save power of DCNs using OpenFlow. In these DCNs, the OpenFlow controller adaptively turns on and off links and OpenFlow switches to form a minimum-power subnet that satisfies traffic demand. As the subnet changes, flows are scheduled dynamically to routes composed of active switches and links. However, existing flow scheduling schemes could cause undesired results: (1) power inefficiency: due to unbalanced traffic allocation on active routes, extra switches and links may be activated to cater to bursty traffic surges on congested routes, and (2) Quality of Service (QoS) fluctuation: because of the limited flow entry processing ability, switches cannot timely install/delete/update flow entries to properly schedule flows. In this paper, we propose AggreFlow, a dynamic flow scheduling scheme that achieves power efficiency in DCNs and improved QoS using two techniques: Flow-set Routing and Lazy Rerouting. Flow-set Routing achieves load balancing and reduces the number of entry installment on switches by routing flows in a coarse-grained flow-set fashion. Lazy Rerouting maintains load balancing and spreads rerouting operations over a relatively long period of time, reducing the burstiness of entry installment/deletion/update on switches. We built a NS3 based fat-tree network simulation platform to evaluate AggreFlow's performance. The simulation results show AggreFlow reduces power consumption by about 18%, achieves load balancing and improved QoS (i.e., low packet loss rate and reducing the number of processing entries for flow scheduling by 98%), compared with baseline schemes.
Linear Algebraic Approach for Home Markings in Live and Bounded Equal Conflict Systems

The paper proposes a linear algebraic based approach to finding a set of home markings in a bounded and live Equal Conflict System. Our algorithm is based on the theory of T-invariants, controlled-siphons and traps. The idea is to decompose the initial net in a certain subset of T-components, which are Choice-Free nets, find a set of live and potentially reversible markings for them and then compose these markings along the set of shared places. We also prove that the algorithm has NP complexity.
The effect of combretastatin A4 disodium phosphate and 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid on water diffusion and blood perfusion in tumours

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of the vascular disrupting drugs combretastatin A-4 disodium phosphate (CA4DP) and 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) on the intra/extracellular volume fraction of water and blood perfusion in tumours using MRI. Methods and materials. Mice with C3H mammary carcinomas underwent repeated MRI T2-weighted imaging, water-diffusion and perfusion measurements before and up to 6-hours following CA4DP and DMXAA treatment. Results. CA4DP treatment caused an increase in water diffusion in those tumour areas that presented the lowest blood perfusion, however this appeared only after five hours. The blood perfusion in highly perfused tumour regions decreased immediately after administration of CA4DP. DMXAA treatment caused an early decrease in water diffusion in the low-perfused tumour segments and followed by a subsequent decrease in the remaining part of the tumour. The blood perfusion decreased early in all parts of the tumour. Conclusion. The effect of CA4DP and DMXAA on tumour blood flow was comparable. The reduction in regional blood flow caused by CA4DP in the whole tumour segment occurred early, however, changes in ADC after DMXAA appeared more extended and earlier than after CA4DP treatment, especially in tumour areas already suffering from a low blood perfusion.
Among three different executive functions, general executive control ability is a key predictor of decision making under objective risk

Executive functioning is supposed to have an important role in decision making under risk. Several studies reported that more advantageous decision-making behavior was accompanied by better performance in tests of executive functioning and that the decision-making process was accompanied by activations in prefrontal and subcortical brain regions associated with executive functioning. However, to what extent different components of executive functions contribute to decision making is still unclear. We tested direct and indirect effects of three executive functions on decision-making performance in a laboratory gambling task, the Game of Dice Task (GDT). Using Brand's model of decisions under risk (2006) we tested seven structural equation models with three latent variables that represent executive functions supposed to be involved in decision making. The latent variables were general control (represented by the general ability to exert attentional and behavioral self-control that is in accordance with task goals despite interfering information), concept formation (represented by categorization, rule detection, and set maintenance), and monitoring (represented by supervision of cognition and behavior). The seven models indicated that only the latent dimension general control had a direct effect on decision making under risk. Concept formation and monitoring only contributed in terms of indirect effects, when mediated by general control. Thus, several components of executive functioning seem to be involved in decision making under risk. However, general control functions seem to have a key role. They may be important for implementing the calculative and cognitively controlled processes involved in advantageous decision making under risk.
Improving Attitudes and Perceived Competence in Caring for Dying Patients: An End‐of‐Life Simulation

AIM The aim of this study was to assess learning outcomes from a simulation on providing care to a critically ill patient from whom care is ultimately withdrawn. BACKGROUND Nursing students have anxiety and low perceived competence for caring for dying patients. Effective strategies for teaching communication, assessment, and basic nursing skills are needed. METHOD A pretest‐posttest design compared perceived competence and attitudes in caring for dying patients with three separate cohorts of undergraduate nursing students performing the simulation. RESULTS The cohorts had significantly improved scores on the perceived competence (p < .001) and attitude (p < .01) measures following the simulation. Reliability for a new instrument to assess perceived competence in caring for dying patients was also established. CONCLUSION This study's simulation offers a robust teaching strategy for improving nursing students’ attitudes and perceived competence in caring for dying patients.
Improving the Effectiveness of Information Retrieval with Clustering and Fusion

1 This work was done while the author worked for Microsoft Research China as a visiting student. ABSTRACT Fusion and clustering are two approaches to improving the effectiveness of information retrieval. In fusion, ranked lists are combined together by various means. The motivation is that different IR systems usually emphasize different query features when determining relevance and therefore retrieve different sets of documents. In clustering, documents are clustered either before or after retrieval. The motivation is that closely associated documents tend to be relevant to the same query so that it is likely to retrieve more relevant documents by clustering. In this paper, we present a novel fusion technique that can be combined with clustering to achieve consistent improvements. Our method involves three steps: (1) clustering, (2) re-ranking, and (3) fusion. Experiments show that our approach is more efficient than conventional approaches.
Automatic identification of words with novel but infrequent senses

We propose a statistical method for identifying words that have a novel sense in one corpus compared to another based on differences in their lexico-syntactic contexts in those corpora. In contrast to previous work on identifying semantic change, we focus specifically on infrequent word senses. Given the challenges of evaluation for this task, we further propose a novel evaluation method based on synthetic examples of semantic change that allows us to simulate differing degrees of sense change. Our proposed method is able to identify rather subtle simulated sense changes, and outperforms both a random baseline and a previously-proposed approach.
The Generation of Overtides in Flow Around a Headland in a Low Inflow Estuary

The Damariscotta River in midcoast Maine is a weakly stratified estuary characterized by several constrictions and channel bends that affect tidal asymmetry and material transport. Microstructure and current velocity measurements were collected at a cross-channel transect in the northern reach of the estuary during spring and neap tidal conditions to study the effects of a channel bend immediately upstream of a constricted sill on intratidal dynamics. During the flood phase, a counterclockwise gyre is formed upstream of the headland, which enhances landward-directed flow in the channel and is countered by seaward-directed flow over the shallow shoal. Semidiurnal and quarter-diurnal patterns of lateral advection and stress divergence emerge in the surface layer because of these secondary flows. Lateral advection effects dominate the dynamics in neap tide, and although they are stronger in spring tide, they are partially obscured by bottom friction forces that are proportional to the along-channel velocity squared. A novel harmonic decomposition technique is introduced to determine the relative importance of advection and stress divergence on quarter-diurnal velocity generation, and their implications to neap/spring variability in estuarine water quality are discussed.
Protein Kinase Signal-Regulated Kinase Mitogen-Activated and Activation of Vav, Rac, and Extracellular Morphological Changes of Human T Cells CD46/CD3 Costimulation Induces

Efﬁcient T cell activation requires at least two signals, one mediated by the engagement of the TCR-CD3 complex and another one mediated by a costimulatory molecule. We recently showed that CD46, a complement regulatory receptor for C3b as well as a receptor for several pathogens, could act as a potent costimulatory molecule for human T cells, highly promoting T cell proliferation. Indeed, we show in this study that CD46/CD3 costimulation induces a synergistic activation of extracellular signal-related kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase. Furthermore, whereas T lymphocytes primarily circulate within the bloodstream, activation may induce their migration toward secondary lymphoid organs or other tissues to encounter APCs or target cells. In this study, we show that CD46/CD3 costimulation also induces drastic morphological changes of primary human T cells, as well as actin relocalization. Moreover, we show that the GTP/GDP exchange factor Vav is phosphorylated upon CD46 stimulation alone, and that CD46/CD3 costimulation induces a synergistic increase of Vav phosphorylation. These results prompted us to investigate whether CD46/CD3 costimulation induced the activation of GTPases from the Rho family. Indeed, we report that the small GTPase Rac is also activated upon CD46/CD3 costimulation, whereas no change of Rho and Cdc42 activity could be detected. Therefore, CD46 costimulation profoundly affects T cell behavior, and these results provide important data concerning the biology of primary human T cells. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 167: 6780–6785.
Constraints or Cooperation? Determinants of Secondary Forest Cover Under Shifting Cultivation

This study examines the drivers of land use in a shifting cultivation system with forest fallow. Forest fallow provides on-farm soil quality benefits, local hydrological regulation, and global public goods. An optimal control model demonstrates that farmers have an incentive to fallow less than is socially optimal, though market failures limiting crop production can have a countervailing effect by encouraging fallow. An econometric model estimated using data from the Brazilian Amazon suggests that fallowing does not result from internalization of local fallow services but instead is associated with poor market access and labor and liquidity constraints.
A corner and straight line matching localization method for family indoor monitor mobile robot

The hybrid localization method of straight line matching, corner matching and odometry is proposed to resolve the difficult localization problems of mobile robot operating in family indoor environment. Localization of robot is a challenge problem which involves of determining robot positioning relative to objects in the environment. The system is implemented using National Instrutment Labview platform to gain satisfied real time performance with CompactRIO support. Robot detects environment using a 2D laser range finder with TCP/IP protocol. Line feature extraction process include area divided, iterative end point fit (IEPF) and a least square technique is introduced. Based on line feature, straight lines and corners as geometry features are obtained. The detected straight lines and corners are matched with the global straight lines and corners to obtain the robot position/orientation value. The odometry localization algorithm, straight line localization algorithm and corner localization algorithm are discussed. Different weight values are distributed to straight lines, corner and odometry according to the error model. As a result stable localization is achieved with position and orientation resolution as 50mm, 5 degree. A good performance for the method is also achieved with cycle time as 120ms. Experiment shows the effectiveness of the hybrid localization method.
Resource allocation for non-real-time services in OFDM-based cognitive radio systems

We study the resource allocation (RA) problem in a multiuser OFDM-based cognitive radio (CR) system for non-realtime (NRT) applications in which average user data rates are to be maintained proportionally. In contrast to existing algorithms designed for multiuser OFDM systems, which are unable to guarantee users proportional rates when applied in a CR system, the proposed optimal RA algorithm ensures that CR user rates are maintained in proportion to predefined target rates while at the same time providing an improved system throughput.
Coupling Effects Between Unstructured WAVEWATCH III and FVCOM in Shallow Water Regions of the Great Lakes

The modeling of waves in shallow environments in the Great Lakes is challenging because of irregular coastlines and bathymetry, as well as complicated meteorological forcing. In this paper, we aim to provide insight into the physics of storm surge-wave interaction within shallow water regions of the Great Lakes under strong wind events. Extensive hindcast analysis using the 3Dcirculation model FVCOM v3.2. 2 and the third-generation spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III v4.18 was conducted on unstructured meshes for each of the Great Lakes. The circulation and wave models are coupled through a file-transfer method and tested with various coupling intervals. We conducted evaluations for four storm events and three long-term (seasonal) test cases. Time series, spatial plots and statistics are provided. Data exchange of radiation stress, water elevation and ocean currents were tested in both two-way and one-way coupling regimes in order to assess the influence of each variable. The meteorological input forcing fields are WRF model at 1-12km resolution. Statistical analysis is performed in order to evaluate the model sensitivity to wind input, physics packages and surge-wave coupling effects.
Intraoperative brain shift estimation using vessel segmentation registration and tracking

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would have been impossible without the great support and assistance from my committee members and colleagues in the Medical Image Processing (MIP) lab and Biomedical Modeling Lab (BML). Many of them have helped me in different aspects and encouraged me consistently throughout all these years to complete this work. First of all, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my advisors, Dr. Benoit Dawant and Dr. Michael Miga. Dr. Dawant offered me a great opportunity to study at Vanderbilt University since 2005. From that time, he teaches me image processing techniques, as well as the methodology to deal with research problems. He shows me how to break down the research problems and tackle them one by one, which benefits me most. In the past five years, he spent lots of evenings and weekends to help me on papers. When there are challenges ahead, he always encourages me to try out new ideas. When there are difficulties on the way, he always gives his hand. He is an advisor who advises, a mentor who guides, and a coach who demonstrates using his own behavior. I could not ask for more as a student. Dr. Miga gave me lots of excellent lectures on finite element modeling. This helped me a lot to understand my research problems and backgrounds of our project. He always had good ideas and kept on giving me very valuable suggestions on every weekly meeting, five years in a row. His insights, and dedication to our project, are essentially the cornerstone of this project. It is no doubt that this dissertation will go nowhere without his enthusiasm and guidance. Thompson provided me invaluable data set in this whole world. His hardworking attitude inspired me to work harder and think more. Dr. Fitzpatrick taught me Medical Image Registration course, which is one of the core techniques in this dissertation. What I have learned from him will definitely benefit my whole research career. Finally, I want to address warm acknowledgement to Dr. Bodenheimer for his great support on my dissertation. One course he taught me, special topics on graphics, truly broaden my horizon. I still remember the nights I spent to accomplish a project involving image segmentation using level sets at my first year. His valuable suggestions since my proposal stage really helped me a lot and I sincerely thank him for his time and …
Variable packet size buffered crossbar (CICQ) switches

One of the most widely used architectures for packet switches is the crossbar. A special version of it is the buffered crossbar, where small buffers are associated with the crosspoints; this simplifies scheduling and improves its efficiency and QoS capabilities to the point where the switch needs no internal speedup. Furthermore, by supporting variable length packets throughout a buffered crossbar: (a) there is no need for segmentation and reassembly (SAR) circuits; (b) no speedup is necessary to support SAR; and (c) synchronization between the input and output clock domains is simplified. In turn, the lack of SAR and speedup mean that no output queues are needed, either. In this paper we present an architecture, a chip layout and cost analysis, and a performance evaluation of such a 300 Gbps buffered crossbar operating on variable-size packets. The proposed organization is simple yet powerful, it can be implemented using modern technology, and, as the performance results demonstrate, it clearly outperforms unbuffered crossbars.
Fortran M: A Language for Modular Parallel Programming

FORTRAN M is a small set of extensions to FORTRAN 77 that supports a modular approach to the design of message-passing programs. It has the following features. (1) Modularity. Programs are constructed by using explicitly declared communication channels to plug together program modules called processes. A process can encapsulate common data, subprocesses, and internal communication. (2) Safety. Operations on channels are restricted so as to guarantee deterministic execution, even in dynamic computations that create and delete processes and channels. Channels are typed, so a compiler can check for correct usage. (3) Architecture Independence. The mapping of processes to processors can be specified with respect to a virtual computer with size and shape different from that of the target computer. Mapping is specified by annotations that influence performance but not correctness. (4) Efficiency. FORTRAN M can be compiled efficiently for uniprocessors, shared-memory computers, distributed-memory computers, and networks of workstations. Because message passing is incorporated into the language, a compiler can optimize communication as well as computation.
Traffic Prediction Algorithm for a Speculative Network Processor

To support real-time applications, for instance Voice-over-IP, network infrastructure has to provide high bandwidth as well as short endto-end latency. To cope with both, network processors (NP) are selected. Current NP support transmission rates of OC-48. However, due to sequential packet layer processing, processing delay is not optimized. To solve this problem, speculative packet processing is applied, which requires accurate traffic prediction. In this article, we present a flexible dynamic protocol stack prediction algorithm which is well-suited for accurate traffic prediction and simulations show that it can sustain traffic bursts as well as transitions to changed traffic characteristics.