Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forgeabilité des aciers inoxydables austéno-ferritiques

Les aciers inoxydables duplex presentent une microstructure biphasee dans laquelle se melent austenite et ferrite. Leurs caracteristiques mecaniques elevees ainsi que leur bonne tenue en corrosion en font des candidats serieux pour remplacer les aciers inoxydables austenitiques. Malheureusement, la faible forgeabilite de ces alliages rend la fabrication de toles particulierement critique. En effet, le phenomene de " crique de rive " est frequemment rencontre au cours des etapes du laminage a chaud. Par consequent, cela necessite des operations supplementaires comme le decoupage des rives, ce qui aboutit a une augmentation des couts de production. Les differents facteurs influencant la ductilite a chaud de ces aciers sont passes en revue afin d'identifier " les zones d'ombres ". La synthese bibliographique revele deux zones d'ombres : d'une part, le manque d'un essai de ductilite a chaud permettant de discriminer differentes microstructures en terme de resistance a la propagation de fissure a haute temperature ; et d'autre part l'absence de donnees quantitatives concernant la partition de la deformation entre la ferrite et l'austenite lors des etapes de mise en forme a chaud. La methode du travail essentiel de rupture a ete appliquee a hautes temperatures. Il a ete demontre que ce concept est fiable et discriminant pour quantifier la resistance a la propagation de fissure a haute temperature. Cette methode permet egalement de generer un parametre physique pertinent pour optimiser les microstructures par rapport a un mode de mise en forme donne. La technique conventionnelle de micro-grilles a ete adaptee de maniere a cartographier a haute temperature les deformations a l'echelle de la microstructure. Cette technique fournit en plus des resultats qualitatifs concernant les mecanismes de deformations, des donnees quantitatives a propos de la partition de la deformation entre la ferrite et l'austenite. Ces donnees peuvent etre utilisees afin de valider les modeles qui predisent le comportement a chaud des aciers duplex pendant les premieres etapes du laminage a chaud. Les deux outils developpes au cours de cette etude permettent de proposer des solutions pour eviter le phenomene de " crique de rives ".
Improved seasonal forecast skill of pan-Arctic and regional sea ice extent in CanSIPS version 2

This study assesses the forecast skill of the Canadian Seasonal to Interannual Prediction System (CanSIPS) version 2 in predicting Arctic sea ice extent on both the pan-Arctic and regional scales. In addition, the forecast skill is compared to that of CanSIPS version 1. Overall, there is a net increase of forecast skill when considering detrended data due to the changes made in the development of CanSIPSv2. The most notable improvements are for forecasts of late summer and autumn target months that have been initialized in the months of April and May which, in previous studies, have been associated with the spring predictability barrier. By comparison of the skills of CanSIPSv1 and CanSIPSv2 to that of an intermediate version of CanSIPS, CanSIPSv1b, we can attribute skill differences between CanSIPSv1 and CanSIPSv2 to two main sources. First, an improved initialization procedure for sea ice initial conditions markedly improves forecast skill on the pan-Arctic scale as well as regionally in the Central Arctic, Laptev Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, and Barents Sea. This conclusion is further supported by analysis of the predictive skill of the sea ice volume initialization field. Second, the change in model combination from CanSIPSv1 to CanSIPSv2 (exchanging the constituent CanCM3 model for GEM-NEMO) improves forecast skill in the Bering, Kara, Chukchi, Beaufort, East Siberian, Barents, and the Greenland, Iceland, and Norwegian (GIN) Seas. In Hudson and Baffin Bay, as well as the Labrador Sea, there is limited and unsystematic improvement in forecasts of CanSIPSv2 as compared to CanSIPSv1.
Surgical Challenges in Infective Endocarditis: State of the Art

Infective endocarditis (IE) is still a life-threatening disease with frequent lethal outcomes despite the profound changes in its clinical, microbiological, imaging, and therapeutic profiles. Nowadays, the scenario for IE has changed since rheumatic fever has declined, but on the other hand, multiple aspects, such as elderly populations, cardiovascular device implantation procedures, and better use of multiple imaging modalities and multidisciplinary care, have increased, leading to escalations in diagnosis. Since the ESC and AHA Guidelines have been released, specific aspects of diagnostic and therapeutic management have been clarified to provide better and faster diagnosis and prognosis. Surgical treatment is required in approximately half of patients with IE in order to avoid progressive heart failure, irreversible structural damage in the case of uncontrolled infection, and the prevention of embolism. The timing of surgery has been one of the main aspects discussed, identifying cases in which surgery needs to be performed on an emergency (within 24 h) or urgent (within 7 days) basis, irrespective of the duration of antibiotic treatment, or cases where surgery can be postponed to allow a brief period of antibiotic treatment under careful clinical and echocardiographic observation. Mainly, guidelines put emphasis on the importance of an endocarditis team in the handling of systemic complications and how they affect the timing of surgery and perioperative management. Neurological complications, acute renal failure, splenic or musculoskeletal manifestations, or infections determined by multiresistant microorganisms or fungi can affect long-term prognosis and survival. Not to be outdone, anatomical and surgical factors, such as the presence of native or prosthetic valve endocarditis, a repair strategy when feasible, anatomical extension and disruption in the case of an annular abscess (mitral valve annulus, aortic mitral curtain, aortic root, and annulus), and the choice of prosthesis and conduits, can be equally crucial. It can be hard for surgeons to maneuver between correct pre-operative planning and facing unexpected obstacles during intraoperative management. The aim of this review is to provide an overview and analysis of a broad spectrum of specific surgical scenarios and how their challenging management can be essential to ensure better outcomes and prognoses.
Is Incretin-Based Therapy Ready for the Care of Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes?

Significant data suggest that overt hyperglycemia, either observed with or without a prior diagnosis of diabetes, contributes to an increase in mortality and morbidity in hospitalized patients. In this regard, goal-directed insulin therapy has remained as the standard of care for achieving and maintaining glycemic control in hospitalized patients with critical and noncritical illness. As such, protocols to assist in management of hyperglycemia in the inpatient setting have become commonplace in hospital settings. Clearly, insulin is a known entity, has been in clinical use for almost a century, and is effective. However, there are limitations to its use. Based on the observed mechanisms of action and efficacy, there has been a great interest in using incretin-based therapy with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists instead of, or complementary to, an insulin-based approach to improve glycemic control in hospitalized, severely ill diabetic patients. To provide an understanding of both sides of the argument, we provide a discussion of this topic as part of this two-part point-counterpoint narrative. In the point narrative preceding the counterpoint narrative below, Drs. Schwartz and DeFronzo provide an opinion that now is the time to consider GLP-1 receptor agonists as a logical consideration for inpatient glycemic control. In the counterpoint narrative provided below, Drs. Umpierrez and Korytkowski provide a defense of insulin in the inpatient setting as the unquestioned gold standard for glycemic management in hospitalized settings. —William T. Cefalu, MD Editor in Chief, Diabetes Care
ACCEPTED VERSION

16 Commercial lignite-derived products, sold mainly as humate preparations, are widely 17 promoted as plant growth stimulants leading to higher crop yields. These products are 18 also claimed to improve key indicators of soil health including soil pH and microbial 19 biomass. In a glasshouse setting, we investigated the effect of six lignite-derived 20 amendments applied at the manufacturer’s recommended rate on the early-stage 21 growth of two pasture species, lucerne (Medicago sativa) and ryegrass (Lolium 22 multiflorum Lam.). We used two soil types common to south-eastern Australia, and 23 following an eight week growing period, assessed soil pH, microbial biomass carbon 24 and mycorrhizal colonization as key indicators of soil health. We hypothesised that 25
Fuelwood uses and properties of nitrogen - fixing trees

World deforestation and reforestation values are cited, and the inereasing need for fuelwood tree plantings is noted. Tropical reforestation involves about 1 milhion hectares annually, of which less than 20% is believed to survive. Estimated tropical fuelwood needs alone, however, require 3 million hectares annually. Fuelwood remains the most cost-effective source of energy for rural poor, and charcoal demands are increa- sing worldwide. World deforestation is occurring priniarily iii the tropics (10-20 million ha/year), largely in relation to fuelwood demands (1,200 millionm 3 /yr). The loss ofnewly planted forests to fire is stressed as a serious problem, notably for pine and eucalypt forests. It is suggested that over haif the 650 known species of nitrogen-fixing trees (NFT) are suitable for fuelwood and charcoal, and many have wide present use. The fuelwood properties of 32 major NFT species are given, together with information on their uses and environmental constraints. Leucaena data are used to illustrate that tree age and density have little effect on calorific values, but have major influence on inoisture content and specific gravity of the wood. It is stressed that caloriiic values should be quoted for the bone-dry wood, and then readjusted downward to reflect moisture in the wood as burned. The need is stressed for yield data from NFT biomass plantings at high densities, with appropriate controls of loeally-important trees (including non-fixing trees, notably eucalyptus). Disadvantages are cited for monocultural plantings of single fuelwood species, and advantages suggested for mixed plantings of NFT species together with high-yielding trees that lack the abiity te Lix nitrogen.
Assessment of feed resources and determination of mineral status of livestock feed in Meta Robi District,West Shewa zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

The study was carried out in Meta Robi district, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State to identify the types and sources of feeds, constraints in feed production, transportation, utilization and supply, estimate annual feed produced, maintenance requirement, annual feed balance and determine the mineral status of natural pasture and soil samples. Secondary data sources and field observations, key informants discussions and semi-structured questionnaire interview were employed to generate data. The district was stratified into upper, mid and lower altitudes and a total of 90 respondents (upper=30, mid=30 and lower=30) were randomly selected and interviewed individually. Samples of feed and soil were collected from three altitudes during the dry and wet seasons and their mineral concentrations were determined. The results of the study indicated that the major feed resources were grazing of natural pasture (58.9%), wheat straw (42.4%), barley straw (30%) and hay (21.1%). During the dry season, 90% of the respondents feed their animal crop residues, hay (58.8%) and stubble grazing (56.1%). Natural pasture was the major feed source during the wet season. Most respondents (46.7%) had their own natural pasture lands, 86.7% produced crop residues from their crop land whereas only 25.6% were producing improved forages. The major constraints related to livestock feed were shortage of grazing land, absence of feed processors and retailers, shortage of technologies in feed production and lack of awareness of the respondents. The total maintenance DM of feed requirement of the animals per year in the district was 388,859.8 tons while the actual DM of feed production was 212,047.15 tons. The total DM of feed produced per year fulfilled the maintenance requirement of the animals only for 6.54 months of the year. Concentrations of most minerals in the soil were above the critical level of plant growth and most macro minerals in the feed were below the requirement of dairy animals while micro minerals were above the requirement of dairy animals except Mn. Alternative feed production technologies such as development of improved forages, efficient feed utilization technologies (eg. provision of chopper) and natural pasture land improvement measures should be taken. To compensate the mineral deficiency of natural pasture, improved forages with better yield and mineral contents should be provided for livestock. Provision of common salt and/or locally available natural soil as mineral source should be encouraged.
In the Shadow of the Mushroom Cloud: Nuclear Testing, Radioactive Fallout and Damage to U.S. Agriculture

In the 1950’s the United States conducted scores of nuclear tests at the Nevada Test Site just northwest of Las Vegas. Each test was a controlled catastrophic event that created tremendous amounts of radioactive matter. Much of this radioactive pollution deposited across large portions of the continental U.S. This paper uses annual county level deposition of radioactive material as an exogenous shock to agricultural productivity and measures adjustments the agricultural sector made in response to damage caused by this radioactive pollution. This paper finds that radioactive fallout from atmospheric tests conducted in Nevada directly altered agricultural production. Fallout led to large reductions in wheat yields, caused farmers to alter their production decisions in the subsequent years, and may have led to permanent changes in long run agricultural production. 1
A Cognitive View of Policing

Prevailing views suggest that adverse policing outcomes are driven by problematic police officers and deficient policies. This study highlights an overlooked factor – cognitive demands inherent in police work. A training designed to improve officer decision-making under stress and time pressure, two key cognitive demands, lead to 23% fewer uses of force and discretionary arrests, and 11% fewer arrests of Black civilians. The results demonstrate the power of leveraging behavioral science insights to make policing more effective and equitable
Relationship between Marital Status and Mental Workload with Work Stress for Work From Home Workers

Introduction: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the work culture in Indonesia has changed. Many companies are implementing the Work From Home (WFH) system. This can cause a dilemma for the workforce due to the assumption that home is a place to rest, not to work. The benefits can be felt since the implementation of Work From Home (WFH). However, there are also negative impacts can be felt by the workforce due to disturbances outside of work. Conflicts between families are also common. The purpose of this study is to determine the strong relationship between marital status and mental workload with work stress in Work From Home (WFH) workers. Methods: This study is a survey research and used a cross-sectional study. The sample in this study is total population of workers in the Group of Digital BolaSport Kompas Gramedia Jakarta, which is 20 people. The variables used in this study were marital status, mental workload, and work stress. The data in this study were obtained by filling out questionnaires about individual characteristic (marital status), mental workload, and work stress. Results: Most of the workers have not married status (60%), high mental workload (55%), and medium work stress (55%). The correlation coefficient value between marital status and work stress is 0.373. Meanwhile, between mental workload and work stress it is 0.667. Conclusion: In Work From Home workers, there is a weak relationship between marital status and work stress. Besides that, there is a strong relationship between mental workload and work stress.
Student Participation in Reading Classes in a Swedish Compulsory School for Students Diagnosed with Intellectual Disability

This paper presents a mini-ethnographic case study of student participation in reading classes in a Swedish compulsory school for pupils with intellectual disabilities (CSID). All children have equal rights to good education and there is a need for more research in these schools. The result is interesting for the field of inclusive education since the same students should be welcomed and included in mainstream school classrooms. The Participation Model’s (TPM’s) criteria for participation (acceptance, accessibility, autonomy, belonging, interaction, and involvement) were used, both as a definition of participation and as an analytical instrument. Six lessons were observed, and a student questionnaire was performed. The school offered a variety of reading classes weekly. The results indicated that most participation criteria were met. Observing and analysing a series of lessons offered a richer picture of student participation than just looking at one activity. The easy access to support from assistants and special education needs teachers also indicated both access to participation criteria and the risk of limiting other participation criteria. This study highlights more dilemmas; for example, when a high degree of the accessibility criterion was met, possibilities of interaction between students could also be limited.
Causes, consequences, and cures of myopic loss aversion - An experimental investigation

Myopic loss aversion (MLA) has been established as one prominent explanation for the equity premium puzzle. In this paper we address two issues related to the effects of MLA on risky investment decisions. First, we assess the relative impact of feedback frequency and investment flexibility (via the investment horizon) on risky investments. Second, given that we observe higher investments with a longer investment horizon, we examine conditions under which investors might endogenously opt for a longer investment horizon in order to avoid the negative effects of MLA on investments. We find in our experimental study that investment flexibility seems to be at least as relevant as feedback frequency for the effects of myopic loss aversion. When subjects are given the choice to opt for a long or short investment horizon, there is no clear preference for either. Yet, if subjects face a default horizon (either long or short), there is rather little switching from the one to the other horizon, showing that a default might work to attenuate the effects of MLA. However, /if/ subjects switch, they are more often willing to switch from the long to the short horizon than vice versa, suggesting a preference for higher investment flexibility.
OM PR DICTORS OF SAVING THE B S FOR LAST Save the Best for Last I: Young Adults Demonstrate Negative Time Preference- A Replication and Extension

Generally, immediate outcomes are preferred to delayed outcomes, and in economics, this phenomenon is referred to as positive time preference. If positive time preference is normative, when asked to schedule a set of outcomes, a person should typically prefer a worsening sequence (i.e., choose to start with the best outcome, and end with the worst outcome). Several studies have shown that when a choice is among a sequence of outcomes, people typically exhibit negative time preference (i.e., they prefer an improving series of events). In the current studies college students responded to hypothetical questions via an online survey. Study 1a was a replication and extension of procedures described by Loewenstein and Prelec (1991, section II). Response patterns like those of Loewenstein and Prelec were observed, in that the percentage of participants who saved the best for last decreased when the interval between activities in the sequence increased. In Study 1b participants were surveyed about their preference for the order in which they would experience hypothetical outcomes with sequences of different sizes (e.g., three activities to sequence or eight). As array size increased, the percentage of participants who saved the best for last, or generated a perfectly improving sequence, decreased. In Study 2, 192 college students responded to questions involving categorically different outcomes (e.g., noxious stimuli, food, exercise, schoolwork, leisure) via an online survey. A smaller percentage of participants saved the best for last relative to prior studies, but the percentage was highest when sequences involved noxious stimuli or food.
Structure of the Assynt window, Moine Thrust Zone and relationship of thrusts to alkaline igneous complexes, Caledonian orogeny, NW Scotland

Abstract The Moine Thrust Zone forms the Caledonian orogenic thrust front where the Moine Supergroup metamorphic rocks have been thrust westward across the Laurentia plate stable foreland, comprising Archean-Proterozoic granulite and amphibolite facies rocks (Lewisian gneisses), with unconformably overlying Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic Torridonian clastic sediments and Cambrian-Ordovician passive margin sedimentary rocks. Four major thrusts beneath the Moine thrust in the Assynt window include the (i) Ben More Thrust, which places the Loch Ailsh syenite intruded into Lewisian basement and Cambrian-Ordovician sedimentary rocks over the Sole thrust sheet, (ii) Glencoul thrust, which places Lewisian basement and folded cover rocks over Cambrian-Ordovician sedimentary rocks, (iii) Borralan thrust, which carries a large alkaline syenite intrusion beneath the Ben More roof thrust and (iv) the Sole thrust sheet, which carries imbricated Cambrian-Ordovician sedimentary rocks and lamprophyre sills over the stable foreland. Three further thrust sheets within the Lewisian basement gneisses are now recognised through restoration of balanced cross-sections, which were responsible for doming of the Assynt window. Although the Moine thrust is mapped as a single line on the map it encompasses, (a) deep ductile shear zone formed of mylonites derived from hangingwall Moine schists, footwall Cambrian quartzites and Ordovician limestones, and basement Lewisian gneisses, (b) roof thrust of the Glencoul and Ben More Thrust sheets and (c) brittle out-of-sequence motion where the Moine schists have been thrust over mylonites, which directly overlie the stable foreland (Knockan Crag).
Class Library Support for Workflow Environments and Applications

Workflow systems are receiving increased attention as they intend to facilitate the operations of enterprises by coordinating and streamlining business activities. The need for automated support and operational models that allow workflow applications to coordinate units of work across multiple servers—according to business defined rules and routes—is becoming critical for the proper management of such activities. In this paper, we describe a Transaction-Oriented Workflow Environment (TOWE) for programming workflow activities. The novelty of our approach resides in the proposed unified abstraction, class libraries, to support workflow activities. The fundamental concept used in the TOWE system is based on the symbiosis of object-oriented programming and interprocess communication concepts. In TOWE, the concurrency abstractions are represented by process objects, active objects acting as processes, which involve asynchronous, location-independent, and application specific process