Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PAED: Zero-Shot Persona Attribute Extraction in Dialogues

Persona attribute extraction is critical for personalized human-computer interaction. Dialogue is an important medium that communicates and delivers persona information. Although there is a public dataset for triplet-based persona attribute extraction from conversations, its automatically generated labels present many issues, including unspecific relations and inconsistent annotations. We fix such issues by leveraging more reliable text-label matching criteria to generate high-quality data for persona attribute extraction. We also propose a contrastive learning- and generation-based model with a novel hard negative sampling strategy for generalized zero-shot persona attribute extraction. We benchmark our model with state-of-the-art baselines on our dataset and a public dataset, showing outstanding accuracy gains. Our sampling strategy also exceeds others by a large margin in persona attribute extraction.
An Air-Sea Interaction Theory for Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Steady-State Maintenance

Abstract Observations and numerical simulators of tropical cyclones show that evaporation from the sea surface is essential to the development of reasonably intense storms. On the other hand, the CISK hypothesis, in the form originally advanced by Charney and Eliassen, holds that initial development results from the organized release of preexisting conditional instability. In this series of papers, we explore the relative importance of ambient conditional instability and air-sea latent and sensible heat transfer in both the development and maintenance of tropical cyclones using highly idealized models. In particular, we advance the hypothesis that the intensification and maintenance of tropical cyclones depend exclusively on self-induced heat transfer from the ocean. In this sense, these storms may be regarded as resulting from a finite amplitude air-sea interaction instability rather than from a linear instability involving ambient potential buoyancy. In the present paper, we attempt to show that reasona.
HOW TO WRITE MATHEMATICS

As a mathematics major, you need to know many things in order to get started in the world of mathematics. These things include mathematical concepts, definitions, theorems, and proofs. Equally important is the knowledge of how to write your ideas, solutions, and proofs. Some students are surprised by this. They ask, “Why do I need to learn to write if I am a mathematics major? ” The answer is that writing is important in just about all fields, and certainly in mathematics. You need to learn to write so that others can follow your work. The goal of mathematical writing is clear communication of mathematical ideas. Mathematical writing is accurate, precise, and concise. In general, writing is a skill that can and should be worked on, and it is a skill that can be improved with practice. Writing about a subject goes hand-in-hand with learning about the subject. Mathematics is a challenging field in which these general principles of writing are of critical importance.
Optical Tomography for Media with Variable Index of Refraction

Optical tomography is the use of near-infrared light to determine the optical absorption and scattering properties of a medium M ⊂ R. If the refractive index is constant throughout the medium, the steady-state case is modeled by the stationary linear transport equation in terms of the Euclidean metric and photons which do not get absorbed or scatter travel along straight lines. In this expository article we consider the case of variable refractive index where the dynamics are modeled by writing the transport equation in terms of a Riemannian metric; in the absence of interaction, photons follow the geodesics of this metric. The data one has is the measurement of the out-going flux of photons leaving the body at the boundary. This may be knowledge of both the locations and directions of the exiting photons (fully angularly resolved measurements) or some kind of average over direction (angularly averaged measurements). We discuss the results known for both types of measurements in all spatial dimensions. RESUMEN Tomografia optica es el uso de luz infrarroja proxima para determinar la absorcion optica y las propriedades de dispersion de un medio M ⊂ R. Si el indice de refracion es constante a traves del medio, el caso estado “steady” es modelado por la ecuacion de transporte linear 72 Stephen McDowall CUBO 11, 5 (2009) estacionaria en terminos de la metrica Euclideana y fatores los cuales nao sao obsorvidos o dispersados viajando a lo largo de lineas retas. En este articulo expositorio consideramos el caso de indice de refracion variable donde las dinamicas son modeladas escribiendo la ecuacion de transporte e terminos de la metrica Riemanniana; en la ausencia de interaccion, fotones siguen las geodesicas de esta metrica. Los datos que uno tiene es la medida del flujo out-going de fotones dejando el cuerpo en la frontera. Esto puede ser conocido de la localizacion y las direciones de los fotones existentes (mediciones completamente angulares) o alguna clase de promedio sobre direccion ( mediciones angularmente promediadas). Nosotros discutimos los resultados conocidos para ambos tipos de mediciones en todas las dimensiones espaciales.
Office-Visit Heart Rate and Long-Term Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

An elevated heart rate at admission or discharge is known to be associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The association between post-discharge average office-visit heart rate and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with AMI has rarely been studied. We analyzed data for 7840 patients from the COREA-AMI registry who had their heart rates measured at least three times after hospital discharge. The office-visit heart rates were averaged and categorized into four groups by quartiles (<68, 68–74, 74–80, and >80 beats per minute). The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. During a median of 5.7 years of follow-up, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) affected 1357 (17.3%) patients. An average heart rate higher than 80 bpm was associated with an increased incidence of MACE compared to the reference average heart rate of 68–74 bpm. When dichotomized into <74 or ≥74 bpm, a lower average heart rate was not associated with MACE in patients with LV systolic dysfunction, in contrast to those without LV systolic dysfunction. An elevated average heart rate at office visits after AMI was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Heart rate monitoring at office visits after discharge provides an important predictor related to cardiovascular events.
Phytochemical Analysis, In-vitro, and In-silico Antibacterial Activity of Stembark Extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill and Perr

Bacterial infections subsequently leading to antibiotic resistance has been a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide especially in developing countries with high poverty rate and poor healthcare system. Thus, prompting the prospect in alternative therapy such as medicinal plants. In the present study, we evaluated the antibacterial action of stem bark extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus (AL) Guill and Perr. as applied in folkloric medicine for antibacterial purposes. The phytochemicals present in the plant extract were identified and quantified, followed by the determination of the antibacterial effects of the extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Molecular docking study was carried out to ascertain the inhibitory effects of compounds from AL against bacterial enzymes. Alkaloids (7.17% ±0.60), saponins (11.33% ±3.18), and flavonoids (31.01% ±4.04) were detected. A maximum ZI was observed for E. coli compared to S. aureus at the highest extract concentration (100 mg/mL) with amoxicillin having superior ZI at 50 mg/mL concentration. The MIC against E. coli and S. aureus were 12.5 mg/mL and ≤ 6.25 mg/mL respectively while the MBC was>100 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL respectively. Among the identified compounds, IX exhibited the least binding affinity (BA) (7.2 kcal/mol) and inhibition constant (Ki) (5 µM) against UDP-N-acetylglucosamine Enolpyruvyl Transferase (Mur A) compared to all the other targets. AL demonstrated antibacterial activity evidenced by the bacterial growth inhibition, bactericidal potential, and in-silico study revealing high affinity of the bacterial enzymes for the identified compounds, thereby supporting the acclaimed antibacterial use of the plant in folkloric medicine.
Analysis of Interpretability and Generalizability for Power Converter Fault Diagnosis Based on Temporal Convolutional Networks

Despite the success of data-driven converter fault diagnosis methods, interpretability and generalizability limit the further promotion of data-driven methods in industrial applications. Therefore, to improve the accuracy in face of out-of-distribution problems and increase the confidence of power converter fault diagnosis, it is essential to understand the change and decision mechanism inside the deep model. First, we construct a general temporal convolutional network (TCN) to visualize the diagnostic process, which has been proven effective in power converter fault diagnosis. Then, the effect of hyperparameters on generalizability is analyzed under typical power converter disturbances. Finally, the concern area of the model for the current in the fault decision is interpreted intuitively by gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM), and the feature maps generated by the different channels are analyzed from multiple perspectives. The visualization results help to understand the complex structure of neural networks and can support the design of model to improve generalizability.
Digital Teaching Materials Based on Attention Relevance Confidence Satisfaction Substance Pressure Material

Teaching materials that are commonly used during the science learning process are printed teaching materials, so digital teaching materials are developed based on attention relevance confidence satisfaction (ARCS) on substance pressure material. Alessi and Trolip development model used in this research has 3 stages which include planning, design and development. The alpha test stage, results of the development of digital teaching materials found that ARCS based digital teaching materials were declared valid with a score of 71.48%, the beta test stage, the practical ARCS-based digital teaching material results given by three students in the high, medium and low categories get an average score of 80% which is included in the practical category and ARCS-based digital teaching materials were effective in improving class VIII student learning outcomes after the pretest and posttest were carried out and the N-gain result was 0.61 in the medium category. so that ARCS-based digital teaching materials on substance pressure material are declared valid, practical and effective
Magnetized centrifugal winds

It is argued that for steady, axisymmetric, non-relativistic magneto-centrifugal winds, not only the boundary and criticality conditions but also the current-closure condition are of crucial significance as global conditions in resolving the acceleration-collimation problem. In Sakurai's numerical models, the split-monopole field adopted at the surface of the source provided the most favourable condition for global collimation of the flow, by making the domain of anti-collimating flow with outgoing electric current degenerate into an infinitely thin boundary layer at the equator, and hence suppressing the explicit appearance of the current-closure condition. For more general or realistic boundary conditions at the source, it is shown that the current-closure condition yields a two-component structure (with the return current at least in part in a volume current, not totally a sheet current) as a natural consequence of the transfield equation in the asymptotic domain. This equation, combined with the Bernoulli (and other) integrals, requires the wind to tend asymptotically to a ‘quasi-conical’ structure, as a natural consequence of the flow particles’ becoming more and more ballistic as a result of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) acceleration. This is a result that the Poynting energy flux diminishes to zero along each field line. The criticality problem is solved for magneto-centrifugal winds, to give the eigenvalues of the Alfvenic distance and other quantities at the fast magnetosonic surface, situated somewhere between the subasymptotic and asymptotic domains.
Review of Educational Benefits of Game Jams: Participant and Industry Perspective

There are some studies on the educational potential of game jams, but their number seems insufficient given the hundreds of thousands of game jam participants every year. What emerges as the largest research gap is the game industry perspective: its involvement in game jamming and motivations for doing so. This study is a reaction to this research gap. Current research defined some educational benefits of game jams, but how these benefits are relevant for the game industry is radically underresearched. Clarifying this missing link might be essential to the widespread use of game jams as platforms for collaboration between the academia and the game industry. This explorative study answers the following questions: What do we know about the learning outcomes of game jams for participants? How are (or are not) those outcomes relevant for the game industry? How and why do (or do not) video game studios engage with game jams? If so, are the studios also motivated by educational benefits? Our paper is based on a systematic review of resources from 10 academic databases using search operators and pre-defined criteria, and also on direct data collection from the video game industry. The study suggests that game jams can improve soft and hard skills that the video game industry appreciates. Also, the findings suggest that the video game industry is aware of game jams’ educational benefits and that these benefits are one of the main motivators for game companies to get involved in game jams.
A Novel Method for Treating Distal Radius Diaphyseal Metaphyseal Junction Fracture in Children

Background The treatment of distal radius diaphyseal metaphyseal junction (DMJ) fracture in children is a clinical problem; several treatments are available, but none are very effective. Therefore, this study aimed to report a novel method for treating this fracture using limited open reduction and transepiphyseal intramedullary fixation with Kirschner wire. Material/Methods From January 2018 to December 2019, a total of 15 children (13 boys and 2 girls) with distal radius DMJ fractures with a mean age of 10 years (range: 6–14 years) were included in the study. The operation time, incision length, and X-ray radiation exposure were precisely recorded. All children were followed up regularly. At the final follow-up, clinical outcomes were evaluated according to Price criteria, and complications were recorded. Results The mean operation time of the 15 children was 21.4 min, and the mean incision length was 1.9 cm. The intraoperative X-ray was performed 3.7 times on average. The mean radiographic union of fracture was 4.7 weeks, and the mean time to remove the Kirschner wire was 4.8 weeks for radial instrumentation and 4.7 months for ulnar instrumentation. According to the Price grading evaluation system, clinical outcome was excellent in 14 cases and good in 1 case. Moreover, there were no major complications related to loss of reduction, malunion, nonunion, and physeal arrest of the distal radius. Conclusions Limited open reduction and transepiphyseal intramedullary fixation with Kirschner wire are effective for treating distal radius DMJ fracture in children, which has the advantages of simple surgical procedures, short operation time, small incision, and less radiation exposure, making it an excellent choice for treating this fracture.
Variability in Planar FeFETs—Channel Percolation Impact

We examine the origins of threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {TH}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variability in planar ferroelectric FETs (FeFETs) considering process variations and source–drain channel percolation. Using a percolation-aware physics-based multidomain FeFET model, we are able to capture the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> statistics measured on fabricated devices across different channel dimensions. We show that the bimodal <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> distribution observed in large devices can be explained by percolation, while the transition to monomodal distribution in scaled devices is qualitatively reproduced by the overlapping Pelgrom-type and percolative variabilities in the model. We further demonstrate that in terms of device geometry, the percolation-related FeFET <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variability is minimized for a channel aspect ratio equal to 1.
The medial cortical ratio as a risk factor for failure after surgical fixation of proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients

Objectives This study aims to investigate whether the medial cortical ratio (MCR) is associated with fixation failure in patients undergoing plate-screw fixation due to proximal humeral fracture. Patients and methods Between May 2011 and October 2020, a total of 93 patients (25 males, 68 females; mean age: 74.2±5.3 years; range, 65 to 92 years) who were operated for a proximal humeral fracture were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups during follow-up: patients with fixation failure (n=18) and patients with intact fixation (n=75). After radiological analysis, the MCR and fracture type were recorded. The effects of MCR and fracture type on the development of failure were evaluated. Results The mean follow-up was 41.3±4.7 (range, 18 to 66) months. There was no significant correlation between fixation failure and MCR in either group (p=0.535). However, the risk of fixation failure increased by seven-fold in patients with MCR greater than 0.09 compared to the other patients. In addition, the fracture type was significantly more severe in the failed fixation group than the intact fixation group (p<0.001). Conclusion Surgical treatment of proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients still remains a challenge for surgeons due to the high failure rate. In elderly patients scheduled for surgery to treat a proximal humerus fracture, a reverse shoulder arthroplasty may be a reasonable choice to avoid reoperation due to fixation failure in elderly with three-part or more fragmented fractures and high MCR.
Time series analysis of survival and oviposition cycle duration of Anopheles funestus (Giles) in Mozambique

Background Survival and gonotrophic cycle duration are important determinants of the vectorial capacity of malaria vectors but there are a limited number of approaches to estimate these quantities from field data. Time-series of observations of mosquitoes at different stages in the life-cycle are under-used. Methods Anopheles funestus mosquitoes were caught using various methods over a 7.6-year period in Furvela, Mozambique. Survival and oviposition cycle duration were estimated using (i) an existing time-series approach for analysing dissections of mosquitoes caught in light-traps, extended to allow for variability in the duration of the cycle; (ii) an established approach for estimating cycle duration from resting collection data; (iii) a novel time-series approach fitted to numbers and categories of mosquitoes caught in exit-traps. Results Data were available from 7,396, 6,041 and 1,527 trap-nights for exit-traps, light-traps and resting collections respectively. Estimates of cycle duration varied considerably between the different methods. The estimated proportion of female mosquitoes surviving each day of 0.740 (95% credible interval [0.650–0.815]) derived from light-trap data was much lower than the estimated daily survival of male mosquitoes from the model fitted to exit-trap data (0.881, 95% credible interval [0.747–0.987]). There was no tendency for the oviposition cycle to become shorter at higher temperature while the odds of survival of females through the cycle was estimated to be multiplied by 1.021 for every degree of mean weekly temperature increase (95% credible interval [0.991–1.051]). There was negligible temperature dependence and little inter-annual variation in male survival. Discussion The time-series approach fitted to the exit-traps suggests that male An. funestus have higher survival than do females, and that male survival was temperature independent and unaffected by the introduction of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). The patterns of temperature dependence in females are at variance with results of laboratory studies. Time series approaches have the advantage for estimating survival that they do not depend on representative sampling of mosquitoes over the whole year. However, the estimates of oviposition cycle duration were associated with considerable uncertainty, which appears to be due to variability between insects in the duration of the resting period, and the estimates based on exit-trap data are sensitive to assumptions about relative trapping efficiencies.
Silicene-derived phases on Ag(111) substrate versus coverage: Ab initio studies

Silicene is systematically investigated as an epitaxial overlayer on an Ag(111) substrate based on the ab initio density functional theory. The geometry and stability of five silicene-silver adsorbate systems with four coincidence lattices, √ 7 × √7 on √13 × √13, 3 × 3 on 4 × 4, 2 × 2 on √7 × √7, and √7 × √7 on 2 √ 3 × 2√3, are related to the Si coverage, biaxial strain, and preparation conditions. Their phase diagram is calculated for varying chemical potential of the Si reservoir. The scanning tunneling microscopy images calculated for the optimized atomic geometries agree with those observed experimentally. The destruction of the original honeycomb symmetry and the strong adsorbate-substrate interaction significantly influence the electronic structure. Four peeled-off silicene sheets show conical linear bands, with small gaps. However, the band edges of the 3 × 3 on 4 × 4 geometry cannot be explained in terms of gap opening between Dirac cones for symmetry reasons. We confirm the conclusion that the linear bands observed by ARPES are due to folded Ag bands.
‘We Remember Them’: A Mixed Methods Study of Posttraumatic Growth, Collective Efficacy, and Agency among Survivors of Mass Violence in Isla Vista, California

ABSTRACT Mass violence in the United States has been shown to cause trauma for survivors. These events may also create for survivors the experience of posttraumatic growth (PTG), the facets of which include personal strength, appreciation for life, new possibilities in life, spiritual change, and enhanced relationships with others. However, the role of collective efficacy and agency in the development of PTG following mass violence remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between PTG and experiences of collective efficacy and agency among survivors of the Isla Vista, California tragedy of 2014. The mixed methods objective was to explore the interpretive context within which the agency and collective efficacy experiences occurred. Quantitative data collected in a questionnaire (n = 166) were used to inform the collection of qualitative interview data (n = 12). Participating in therapy, organizing community events, and making the decision to either leave or stay in Isla Vista positively correlated with PTG based on hierarchical regression analysis. Themes of personal agency, the importance of role, and participating in collective action emerged from interviews. This study offers unique methodological approaches to using mixed methods data to understand the experiences which contributed to PTG among survivors of a mass shooting.