Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cervical accelerometry in preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Cervical accelerometry with digital signal processing (DSP) can identify signals that are consistently associated with swallowing during feeding of infants. It is shown that these signals, called initial discrete sounds (IDSs), become more uniform with advancing postmenstrual age (PMA) in healthy preterm infants. The objectives of this study were to determine if cervical accelerometry and DSP at a higher sample rate than previously used (22kHz versus 16kHz), in conjunction with a DSP software package that allows manipulation of the sound files, would improve the accuracy of the previously developed variance index (VI) method of analyzing accelerometric information. The modified VI method was then used to measure developmental differences in the IDS morphology of infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). VIs were calculated for 24 feeding studies of infants of between 32 and 39 weeks PMA: 12 studies on healthy preterm infants (n=10: three males, seven females; mean gestational age [GA] 28.6 weeks, SD 0.4; mean birth weight [BW] 1080g, SD 82; PMA mean 35.2 weeks, SD 0.6) and 12 studies on infants with BPD (n=7: five males, two females; GA 27.1 weeks, SD 0.4; BW 911g, SD 71; PMA 36.2 weeks, SD 0.6). There was a significant inverse correlation between VI and PMA for the healthy preterm group (r=0.66, m=‐2.31/week, p=0.02). There was no significant correlation between VI and PMA for the BPD cohort. The VI of infants with BPD was significantly different from that of infants without BPD (p< 0.007, multiple regression analysis, interaction PMA×Group). Additionally, using our modified VI technique, 100% of swallows were found to have the expected IDS signals.
Liquid formulations of Acetobacter diazotrophicus L1 and Herbaspirillum seropedicae J24 and their field trials on wheat

Viability of the plant growth promoting bacteria A. diazotrophicus L1 and H. seropedicae J24 stored as liquid formulation was evaluated by studying the effect of growth medium, preservation medium and temperature. They were grown in molasses medium with the addition of NH4Cl (0.1% w/v). Cells were harvested at 10,000 rpm for 30 min and washed in phosphate buffer. They were then preserved at 4°C and 25°C with isotonic solutions of different substances. Efficacy of liquid formulations stored for different periods was tested on wheat crop by pot assay and field trials. The best growth medium was found to be 3% molasses supplemented with 0.1% (w/v) NH4Cl. Trehalose, gum arabica and polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG 300) provided better protective effects than other protective substances. Addition of L-ascorbic acid (0.02% w/v) to preservation media would improve the effectiveness of protective substances. After 8–9 months of storage at 4°C, A. diazotrophicus L1 and H. seropedicae J24 cells preserved in gum arabica (5% w/v) and PEG 300 (5% w/v), respectively maintained their viability and efficacy of plant growth promotion. Bacterial cultures of different ages in these liquid formulations exhibited different plant growth promoting traits up to 240 days. Similarly, they significantly promoted the wheat plant growth compared to untreated control. There was significant difference in growth, grain yield and dry matter (straw yield) of wheat with these formulations. This ascertained the efficacy of A. diazotrophicus L1 and H. seropedicae J124 in liquid-based formulation. Thus, gum arabic and polyethylene glycol could be used to develop a stable liquid formulation of A. diazotrophicus L1 and H. seropedicae J24 as a commercial product.
Learning from Sparse and Delayed Rewards with a Multilayer Spiking Neural Network

Biological brains still far exceed artificial intelligence systems, both in terms of control capabilities and power consumption. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are a promising model, inspired by neuroscience and functionally closer to the way neurons process information. While recent advancements in neuromorphic hardware allow energy efficient synthesis of spiking networks, the training of such networks remains an open problem. In this work we focus on reinforcement learning with sparse and delayed rewards. The proposed architecture has four distinct layers and addresses the limitation of previous models in terms of scalability with input dimensions. Our SNN is evaluated on classical reinforcement learning and control tasks and is compared to two common RL algorithms: Q-learning and deep Q-network (DQN). Experiments demonstrate that the proposed network outperforms Q-learning on a task with six-dimensional observation space and compares favorably to the evaluated DQN configurations in terms of stability and memory requirements.
TRADER: Trace Divergence Analysis and Embedding Regulation for Debugging Recurrent Neural Networks

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) can deal with (textual) input with various length and hence have a lot of applications in software systems and software engineering applications. RNNs depend on word embeddings that are usually pre-trained by third parties to encode textual inputs to numerical values. It is well known that problematic word embeddings can lead to low model accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new technique to automatically diagnose how problematic embeddings impact model performance, by comparing model execution traces from correctly and incorrectly executed samples. We then leverage the diagnosis results as guidance to harden/repair the embeddings. Our experiments show that TRADER can consistently and effectively improve accuracy for real world models and datasets by 5.37% on average, which represents substantial improvement in the literature of RNN models.
Association and Path Analysis Under Four Environments in Chickpea

Correlation and path analysis were studied for ten characters in thirty chickpea genotypes. Character association studies indicated that total dry matter per plant, number of pods per plant and number of secondary branches per plant were having highly significant positive association with grain yield while, number of pods per plant was negatively associated with days to 50% flowering in all the environments studied. However, path coefficient analysis revealed that total dry matter per plant had highest direct effect on grain yield followed by harvest index and high indirect effects through number of secondary branches per plant, number of primary branches per plant and plant height.
Prosopagnosia in a preschool child with Asperger syndrome

We investigated a male, aged 4 years 11 months, who fulfilled the criteria of Asperger syndrome). In addition to the typical pattern of autistic symptoms, psychological testing revealed prosopagnosia in tasks for face recognition and matching. Prosopagnosia was also present when he tried to identify the faces of his parents and himself in photographs whenever these were presented with photographs of other persons. Although impairment in reciprocal social interaction in individuals with Asperger syndrome is closely correlated to their impaired perceptional abilities in non‐verbal communication, especially facial expression, overt prosopagnosia seems to be a rare neuropsychological symptom in persons with autistic disorders.
Evaluation on protective effects of sucralfate on H. pylori-VacA-IgY in animal experiments.

Objective To evaluate the protective effects of sucralfate on anti-H.pylori VacA immunoglobulin yolk(VacA IgY)intragastrically and provide experimental basis for preparation of oral-administration IgY.Method The recombinant vacuolate cytotoxin antigen(VacA)was expressed in engineering bacteria DH5α-vacA-pQE30 and purified.VacA IgY was prepared by inoculating purified VacA in Lohman hens and then depurated.Mice infected by H.pylori were intragastrically administered 30% sucralfate and IgY solutions of different concentrations.The chronic inflammatory reaction of gastric mucosa was observed to evaluate the protective effects of sucralfate on VacA IgY in stomach.Result Intragastric administration with 0.5 mg IgY plus 30% sucralfate per day could effectively prevent and cure the injury of gastric mucosa caused by H.pylori infection.The protective effect of VacA IgY group containing 30% sucralfate was eight times as that of the groups without sucralfate.Conclusion 30% or higher concentration of sucralfate can enhance the tolerance of VacA IgY to low pH value and pepsin intragastrically and may be an ideal protectant for IgY.
Different forms and frequencies of soybean oil supplementation do not alter rumen fermentation in grazing heifers

Over the productive cycle, the performance of cattle in grazing systems may be compromised, and feed supplementation is a strategy to establish nutritional balance and maximise the performance of grazing animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different supplementation frequencies (i.e. daily supplementation (DS) versus Monday, Wednesday and Friday (MWF)) with different forms of soybean oil (i.e. soybean grain (SG), soybean oil (SO) and rumen-protected fat (RPF)) on the nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation of heifers grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pastures. Twelve crossbred heifers (1/4 Nellore × 1/4 Santa Gertrudis × 1/2 Braunvieh) with an initial bodyweight of 236.3 ± 27.6 kg were distributed in a completely randomised design with a factorial arrangement 3 × 2 (three diets and two supplementation frequencies). There was no interaction among the SO form or supplementation frequency on dry matter intake and dry matter digestibility (P > 0.05). The animals supplemented with SG exhibited lower nitrogen intake and absorption compared with animals that were fed SO (P 0.05). Forms of SO affected the rumen pH; animals fed SO showed pH values similar to those of animals receiving SG but lower values than animals fed RPF (P < 0.05). Animals supplemented with DS exhibited higher levels of rumen ammonia nitrogen relative to those supplemented MWF. The reduction of supplementation frequency (from DS to MWF k) in our experimental conditions can be used to increase the efficiency of pasture utilisation without effects in fermentation activity of the rumen microbial population. Supplementation with SO is a strategy to increase propionic acid concentration and reduce A : P ratio, which is an indicator of improvement of the efficiency of the ruminal energy utilisation.
The mRNA Expression Level of Rice Chloroplast ATP Synthase Response to Gibberellin

By using mRNA differential display, gene expression patterns in rice induced by plant hormone gibberellin were investigated. From 50 combinations of anchor and arbitrary primers, twenty one tagged cDNA fragments were obtained and screened the fragments by reverse Northern. Five positive cDNA fragments were cloned and sequenced. One of which was shown to encode sequences for rice chloroplast ATP synthase. Northern blot analysis indicated that the upregulation of this gene occurs at the transcriptional level in rice after gibberellin treatment for 16 h, suggesting that chloroplast ATP synthase may play a role in rice response to gibberellin.
Neuropathy

The Neuropen, a new and simple de\ice for assessing p~-riphcral neuropathy, was testing against established clinical testing methods. One hundred and twenty-four paticnl~ diabetic patients were assessed using the Neuropen, which conlains a I Og monofilament at one end and a neurotip at the other end. The Neuropen is unique because it conlains a spring mechanism for the pin-prick test which is calibrated to exert a standardised force of 40g, which should provide a more accurate and reproducible testing method. Other clinical testing methods included the Vibration Perception lbreshold (VPT) using a Neurothesiometer, and the Neuropathy Disability Score (JI;US), derived from assessment of ankle reflexes, vibration, pain and temperature sensation. Patients were categorised as having normal or abnormal sensation for each method (abnormal: VPT;., 25 V, NDS ~ 6/10, inability to feel both the monoftlament and the neurotip for the Neuropen). Compared to the NDS, the Neuropen had a 82% sensithity and a 68% specificity, and compared against the VPT these values were Kl.S% and 71.4% respectively. Ninetyfour% of patients with severe neuropathy (NDS? 9/10) also had an abnormal Neuropen result, and a strong association was found between a history of ulceration and an abnormal Neuropen score (p < 0.001 ). Although the Neuropen misdiagnoses a small number of patients, it is a highly sensith·e tool for diagnosing neuropathy, which associates well with other ~'Stablished methods. To conclude. the Neuropen is an effective and simple device which could be a useful screening tool for neuropathy in the daily clinical practice.
Optimum Temperature and Light Conditions for Culturing Nostoc commune and Their Effects on the Functional Compound Scytonemin

Nostoc commune is not only one of the traditional edible fungi in China,but also a natural multi-functional product.Artificial culture may change its growth and the accumulation of functional compounds.In present study,we attempted to establish the optimal conditions of temperature and light for the artificial culture of a local strain of N.commune in Ningbo,and to probe the effects of temperature,light,and ultraviolet radiation on the production of the functional compound scytonemin.The results showed that the optimal conditions of temperature and light were 25 ℃ and 25 μE/(m2.s). At the same light intensity conditions,the growth of N.commune was faster at lower temperatures than at higher ones,whereas no significant changes occurred upon the light intensity.The temperature and light affected the production of scytonemin with the lowest quantity of 150μg/g accumulated at the optimum temperature and light conditions.Higher light intensity and temperature,rather than light photoperiod,significantly improved the production of scytonemin,reaching 120% when the light intensity was doubled from 25 to 50μE/(m2.s). The appropriate ultraviolet radiation at moderate strength could also effectively promote scytonemin production.
Gross Motor Function Classification System and outcome tools for assessing ambulatory cerebral palsy: a multicenter study

The relationships between different levels of severity of ambulatory cerebral palsy, defined by the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and several pediatric outcome instruments were examined. Data from the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), Pediatric Orthopaedic Data Collection Instrument (PODCI), temporal‐spatial gait parameters, and oxygen cost were collected from six sites. The sample size for each assessment tool ranged from 226 to 1047 participants. There were significant differences among GMFCS levels I, II, and III for many of the outcome tools assessed in this study. Strong correlations were seen between GMFCS level and each of the GMFM sections D and E scores, the PODCI measures of Transfer and Mobility, and Sports and Physical Function, Gait Velocity, and Oxygen Cost. Correlations among tools demonstrated that the GMFM sections D and E scores correlated with the largest number of other tools. Logistic regression showed GMFM section E score to be a significant predictor of GMFCS level. GMFM section E score can be used to predict GMFCS level relatively accurately (76.6%). Study data indicate that the assessed outcome tools can distinguish between children with different GMFCS levels. This study establishes justification for using the GMFCS as a classification system in clinical studies.
Population studies, phenology and quality of mashbean and maize as influenced by planting geometry and nutrient management under intercropping system

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season 2012. The results indicated that population studies, (except, mortality %) days taken to tasseling and maturity, nitrogen contents, yields per hectare, protein content and protein yield in maize were superior in maize+mashbean intercropping systems than their sole cropping. Likewise, paired planting geometry (except, population studies) and fertility level of 100% NPK+Zn+PSB resulted into higher values of above mentioned parameters than their respective counterparts. In mashbean, population studies, days taken to tasseling, and maturity, nitrogen contents, yields per hectare, protein content and protein yield were statistically higher under normal planting (except, days taken to tasseling, and maturity) and fertility level of 100% NPK+Zn+PSB,(except, mortality %) than their respective counterparts.
Impact of Incremental Delays in Appropriate Therapy on the Outcomes of Hospitalized Adult Patients with Gram‐negative Bloodstream Infections: “Every day matters”

Serious bloodstream infections (BSIs) are often caused by Gram‐negative (GN) bacteria in hospitalized patients. Treatment of these infections has been further complicated by the continued rise and spread of drug‐resistant pathogens, including carbapenem resistant (CR) strains of Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Maternal fever at birth and non‐verbal intelligence at age 9 years in preterm infants

To test the hypothesis that characteristics of perinatal infection are associated with long‐term cognitive limitations among preterm infants, we analyzed data from 294 infants (142 females, 152 males) ≤1500g birthweight and <37 completed weeks of gestation who were examined at age 9 years. We identified 47 children (20 females, 27 males) who had a non‐verbal Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K‐ABC) scale standard value below 70, i.e. more than 2 SDs below the age‐adjusted mean. The 247 children (122 females, 125 males) with a score ≥70 served as control participants. Maternal nationality and education, and low gestational age were significantly associated with a K‐ABC non‐verbal standard value <70. Both neonatal brain damage (intraventricular hemorrhage) and long‐term sequelae (cerebral palsy [CP], diagnosed at age 6 years) were significantly associated with a below‐normal non‐verbal K‐ABC score. Maternal fever at birth was present in five cases (11%) and eight controls (3%; odds ratio 3.6, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 11.4). Clinical chorioamnionitis and preterm labor and/or premature rupture of membranes (as opposed to toxemia and other initiators of preterm delivery) were also more common among cases than control participants. When adjusting for potential confounders such as gestational age, maternal education and nationality, and CP, the risk estimate for maternal fever remained unchanged (3.8, 0.97 to 14.6). We conclude that perinatal infection might indeed contribute to an increased risk for long‐term cognitive deficits in preterm infants.
Outcome of pseudoseizures in children and adolescents: a 6‐year symptom survival analysis

Outcome was studied of all children and adolescents with pseudoseizures without epilepsy, who were referred and treated as in‐patients and/or day patients in the tertiary psychiatric ward at Birmingham Children's Hospital, UK between 1988 and 1994. Information was derived from case‐note data. Freedom from seizures for six months was defined as ‘cure’, as no recurrences after this period were noted. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was used. Seventeen patients were identified: 15 females and two males; mean age at presentation to the tertiary psychiatric service was 12 years 9 months (SD 26 months; range 8 years 3 months to 15 years 9 months). Fourteen participants recovered and resumed regular school attendance. Three were lost to follow‐up due to being referred on to other agencies before recovery because they became too old for the service. Recovery followed an exponential distribution, with a mean symptom survival time following treatment of 1.5 years. These results are consistent with a treatment effect. Younger age at presentation, female sex, having more types of seizures, and not receiving both in‐patient and outpatient treatment were associated with better outcome. The deteriorating prognosis with age at treatment suggests prompt identification may be important in ensuring a good outcome.
Infant sucking ability, non‐organic failure to thrive, maternal characteristics, and feeding practices: a prospective cohort study

This prospective study examined the relation of neonatal sucking to later feeding, postnatal growth, maternal postpartum depression, and feeding practices. Healthy infants of at least 37 weeks gestational age were recruited. At 1 week of age, a strain‐gage device was attached to the infant's cheeks during sucking to identify sucking efficiency. Two‐hundred and two infants (100 males, 102 females; mean age 39.6 weeks, SD 1.1 weeks) with efficient sucking and 207 (101 males, 106 females; mean gestational age 39.4 weeks, SD 1.2 weeks) with inefficient sucking were identified. Growth was measured at 2, 6, 10, and 14 months. Mothers completed a feeding questionnaire and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at the same testing points. While 18 infants (5%) showed a downward shift in growth, their clinical picture did not present as non‐organic failure to thrive (NFTT). Inefficient neonatal sucking did not predict postnatal growth, later feeding difficulties, nor maternal feeding practices, but concurrent inefficient feeding did. Maternal depression did not affect feeding practices, infant feeding abilities, nor growth, suggesting that the importance of maternal postpartum depression in association with feeding may be less than previously assumed. The term NFTT, therefore, merits reexamination and a more focused definition.
ACSM Position Stand: The Recommended Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility in Healthy Adults

the effect. As a result of specificity of training and the need for maintaining muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility of the major muscle groups, a well-rounded training program including aerobic and resistance training, and flexibility exercises is recommended. Although age in itself is not a limiting factor to exercise training, a more gradual approach in applying the prescription at older ages seems prudent. It has also been shown that aerobic endurance training of fewer than 2 d·wk -1 , at less than 40-50% of V·O 2 R, and for less than 10 min -1 is generally not a sufficient stimulus for developing and maintaining fitness in healthy adults. Even so, many health benefits from physical activity can be achieved at lower intensities of exercise if frequency and duration of training are increased appropriately. In this regard, physical activity can be accumulated through the day in shorter bouts of 10-min durations. In the interpretation of this position stand, it must be recognized that the recommendations should be used in the context of participant's needs, goals, and initial abilities. In this regard, a sliding scale as to the amount of time allotted and intensity of effort should be carefully gauged for the cardiorespiratory, muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility components of the program. An appropriate warm-up and cool-down period, which would include flexibility exercises, is also recommended. The important factor is to design a program for the individual to provide the proper amount of physical activity to attain maximal benefit at the lowest risk. Emphasis should be placed on factors that result in permanent lifestyle change and encourage a lifetime of physical activity.