Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.

BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2021 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors related to cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Each of the 27 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cognitive Performance among People with Chronic Use of Opioids for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain.

OBJECTIVE Opioids, often prescribed for chronic non-cancer pain, may adversely affect cognition. Research has not been synthesised in recent years, during which time academic interest has increased. This study presents meta-analyses on cognitive performance in people taking opioids for CNCP. METHODS We ran systematic literature searches in EMBASE, Medline, and PsycINFO. Eligible studies included people taking opioids for CNCP and an opioid-free group (i.e., case-control) or session (e.g., pre-post), and objective cognitive assessments. Using random-effects meta-analyses, we computed pooled effect sizes for differential task performance for each study design across five domains (motor performance, attention, working memory, executive functions, memory). RESULTS Seventeen studies were included. Case-control studies covered 3 control types (healthy, CNCP, taper-off). Pre-post studies were grouped into 5 follow-ups (4-6 and 6-9 weeks; 3, 6, and 12 months). Effect sizes ranged from 0.02-0.62. Cases showed small magnitude impairments in attention and memory compared with healthy controls. Although limited by small sample sizes, there was no clear evidence of impairment in cases compared with opioid-free controls with CNCP. Cases showed some cognitive improvements from opioid-free baseline to follow-up. Effects were strongest for attention and working memory, and were apparent from 4 weeks to 6 months follow-up. Other effects were small and non-significant. CONCLUSIONS Opioid therapy for CNCP did not worsen cognitive performance and improved it for some domains. People who take opioids for CNCP may evidence deficits in attention and memory, but this is unlikely to translate to global impairment and likely relates to pain more so than opioids.
Safety and Efficacy of Perioperative Intravenous Meloxicam for Moderate-to-Severe Pain Management in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of perioperative meloxicam IV 30 mg on opioid consumption in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Design Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects In total, 181 adults undergoing elective primary TKA. Methods Subjects received meloxicam 30 mg or placebo via an IV bolus every 24 hours, the first dose administered prior to surgery as part of a multimodal pain management protocol. The primary efficacy parameter was total opioid use from end of surgery through 24 hours. Results Meloxicam IV was associated with less opioid use versus placebo during the 24 hours after surgery (18.9 ± 1.32 vs 27.7 ± 1.37 mg IV morphine equivalent dose; P < 0.001) and was superior to placebo on secondary endpoints, including summed pain intensity (first dose to 24 hours postdosing, first dose to first assisted ambulation, and first dose to discharge) and opioid use (48–72 hrs., 0–48 hrs., 0–72 hrs., hour 0 to end of treatment, and the first 24 hours after discharge). Adverse events (AEs) were reported for 69.9% and 92.0% of the meloxicam IV and placebo groups, respectively; the most common AEs were nausea (40% vs. 59%), vomiting (16% vs 22%), hypotension (14% vs 15%), pruritus (15% vs 11%), and constipation (11% vs 13%). Conclusions Perioperative meloxicam IV 30 mg as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen for elective primary TKA reduced opioid consumption in the 24-hour period after surgery versus placebo and was associated with a lower incidence of AEs typically associated with opioid use.
Long-term immunogenicity after measles vaccine vs. wild infection: an Italian retrospective cohort study

ABSTRACT The persistence of specific IgG after measles infection and after measles vaccination has not been sufficiently investigated. Current evidence suggests that immunity after the disease is life-long, whereas the response after two doses of measles-containing vaccine declines within 10–15 years. This study evaluated the proportion of individuals with detectable anti-measles IgG in two groups, those vaccinated with two doses of anti-MMR vaccine and those with a self-reported history of measles infection. Among the 611 students and residents who were tested, 94 (15%) had no detectable protective anti-measles IgG. This proportion was higher among vaccinated individuals (20%; GMT = 92.2) than among those with a self-reported history of measles (6%; GMT = 213.3; p < .0001). After one or two MMR vaccine booster doses, the overall seroconversion rate was 92%. An important proportion of people immunized for measles did not have a protective IgG titer in the years after vaccination, but among those who had a natural infection the rate was three-fold lower. This finding should be considered in the pre-elimination phase, given the resurgence of measles cases among individuals who after being vaccinated lost their circulating IgG after several years, especially if they failed to receive a natural booster.
Rheological behaviour of processed avocado pulp emulsions

Shear rate vs. shear stress data were obtained on avocado pulp in water emulsions using a concentric cylinder rheometer and fitted to a power law model. Dilution, as volume fraction of water, had a pronounced effect on the apparent viscosity of the pulp emulsions and the Richardson equation, (η R = exp.(aφ)) for the emulsion viscosity fitted the data well. A mean slope coefficient, a, of 4.57 can be used as a first approximation. Enzymatic treatment (40°C, 1 h), is slightly more effective than thermal treatment (65°C, 1 h), in reducing the initial apparent viscosity of the pulp-water emulsions.
Should Lymph Nodes Be Retrieved in Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma? A Collaborative Korea–Japan Study

Simple Summary Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) is the second most common primary hepatic malignant tumor after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of lymph node metastases (LNM) detected at surgery for IHCC has been reported as 25–50%, and lymph node metastasis is known to be significantly associated with poor survival outcomes. However, the oncologic value of lymph node dissection in resected IHCC is still controversial. According to the present Korea–Japan international collaborative study, it was found that surgical retrieval of more than four lymph nodes (≥4 LNs) could improve survival outcome in resected IHCC with LNM. Based on preoperatively detectable parameters, a nomogram was established to predict LNM to suggest tailored intraoperative LN management in patients with IHCC. Further prospective research is needed to validate the present surgical strategy in resected IHCC. Abstract Background: This study was performed to investigate the oncologic role of lymph node (LN) management and to propose a surgical strategy for treating intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). Methods: The medical records of patients with resected IHCC were retrospectively reviewed from multiple institutions in Korea and Japan. Short-term and long-term oncologic outcomes were analyzed according to lymph node metastasis (LNM). A nomogram to predict LNM in treating IHCC was established to propose a surgical strategy for managing IHCC. Results: A total of 1138 patients were enrolled. Of these, 413 patients underwent LN management and 725 did not. A total of 293 patients were found to have LNM. The No. 12 lymph node (36%) was the most frequent metastatic node, and the No. 8 lymph node (21%) was the second most common. LNM showed adverse long-term oncologic impact in patients with resected IHCC (14 months, 95% CI (11.4–16.6) vs. 74 months, 95% CI (57.2–90.8), p < 0.001), and the number of LNM (0, 1–3, 4≤) was also significantly related to negative oncologic impacts in patients with resected IHCC (74 months, 95% CI (57.2–90.8) vs. 19 months, 95% CI (14.4–23.6) vs. 11 months, 95% CI (8.1–13.8)), p < 0.001). Surgical retrieval of more than four (≥4) LNs could improve the survival outcome in resected IHCC with LNM (13 months, 95% CI (10.4–15.6)) vs. 30 months, 95% CI (13.1–46.9), p = 0.045). Based on preoperatively detectable parameters, a nomogram was established to predict LNM according to the tumor location. The AUC was 0.748 (95% CI: 0.706–0.788), and the Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test showed p = 0.4904. Conclusion: Case-specific surgical retrieval of more than four LNs is required in patients highly suspected to have LNM, based on a preoperative detectable parameter-based nomogram. Further prospective research is needed to validate the present surgical strategy in resected IHCC.
Dual Profile of Environmental Enrichment and Autistic-Like Behaviors in the Maternal Separated Model in Rats

Background: Environmental Enrichment (EE) has been suggested as a possible therapeutic intervention for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. Although the benefits of this therapeutic method have been reported in some animal models and human studies, the unknown pathophysiology of autism as well as number of conflicting results, urge for further examination of the therapeutic potential of EE in autism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of environmental enrichment on autism-related behaviors which were induced in the maternal separation (MS) animal model. Material and Methods: Maternally separated (post-natal day (PND) 1–14, 3 h/day) and control male rats were at weaning (PND21) age equally divided into rats housed in enriched environment and normal environment. At adolescence (PND42–50), the four groups were behaviorally tested for direct social interaction, sociability, repetitive behaviors, anxiety behavior, and locomotion. Following completion of the behavioral tests, the blood and brain tissue samples were harvested in order to assess plasma level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and structural plasticity of brain using ELISA and stereological methods respectively. Results: We found that environmental enrichment reduced repetitive behaviors but failed to improve the impaired sociability and anxiety behaviors which were induced by maternal separation. Indeed, EE exacerbated anxiety and social behaviors deficits in association with increased plasma BDNF level, larger volume of the hippocampus and infra-limbic region and higher number of neurons in the infra-limbic area (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that environmental enrichment has a significant improvement effect on the repetitive behavior as one of the core autistic-like behaviors induced by maternal separation but has negative effect on the anxiety and social behaviors which might have been modulated by BDNF.
The Impact of a Widely Publicized Celebrity Suicide on Suicide-Related Internet Search Activity

Abstract Objective Media reporting of celebrities’ deaths by suicide are prone to suicide contagion effects. The aim of the current study is to examine whether the widely publicized celebrity suicide of Ari Behn in Norway was associated with changes in search activity of suicide-related terms. Method Search activity data for the terms “suicide,” “Ari Behn suicide,” “how to suicide,” and “suicide prevention” were retrieved from Google Trends. We analyzed data as an interrupted time series and used T-tests to compare means before and after the suicide. Crude linear models examining the association between searches for “suicide” over time and an adjusted model controlling for searches after “Ari Behn suicide” were built. The models were tested with structural change tests. Results A significant increase in search activity for “suicide” (p = < .001), “Ari Behn suicide” (p = .002), and “how to suicide” (p = .006) was found after the suicide. Searches for “suicide prevention” were not significant (p = .11). The structural change test was significant both for the model that did not control for explicit searches (p = <.001) and for the model controlled for explicit searches (p = <.001). Conclusions A recent widely publicized suicide in Norway was associated with increases in Google searches for suicide. No indications of the Papageno effect were found. The media should be cautious when reporting about the suicides of prominent public persons. Compliance with generally accepted media reporting guidelines may need more attention. HIGHLIGHTS We found a significant increase in search activity for suicide related terms. More attention should be devoted to careful media reporting on celebrity suicides. Media should consider the volume of publicity carefully.
Increased Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake Is Inversely Associated with Subclinical Inflammation in Healthy Elderly Men, Based on the 2015–2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

(1) Background: Subclinical inflammation as a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases was clinically measured using C-reactive protein (CRP) level. (2) Methods: This study was cross-sectionally designed based the 2015–2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The ratio of daily omega-3 fatty acids to energy intake (ω3FA ratio) was classified into four quartile groups (Q1, <0.3%; Q2, 0.3%–<0.6%; Q3, 0.6%–<1.0%; and Q4, ≥1.0% in both sexes). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between the ω3FA ratio and subclinical inflammation defined as CRP levels ≥3 mg/dL. (3) Results: The ω3FA ratio in subjects without and with subclinical inflammation was 0.8% and 0.7% in men (p-value = 0.001), and 0.8% and 0.8% in women (p-value = 0.491), respectively. The prevalence of subclinical inflammation in males decreased with increasing quartile of ω3FA ratio (12.9%, 9.6%, 7.4%, and 7.7%, p-value = 0.033), while female prevalence was not significant among quartile groups. Compared to Q1, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for subclinical inflammation of Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 0.740 (0.465–1.177), 0.564 (0.341–0.930), and 0.549 (0.317–0.953) in males, and 1.066 (0.653–1.741), 1.105 (0.600–1.718), and 0.934 (0.556–1.571) in females after full adjustment. (4) Conclusion: The ω3FA ratio is associated with subclinical inflammation in men.
Neuropsychological functioning in patients with interstitial lung disease

Abstract Objective We undertook the present study to investigate the cognitive status of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and its relationship to pulmonary function and cardiovascular efficiency. Method Fifty-one patients with a diagnosis of ILD [mean duration = 3.13 years (SD = 3.01)] received a respiratory examination, including spirometry and the six-minute walk test, and completed a neuropsychological assessment including several cognitive domains. Eighty-eight healthy individuals matched on age, education, and gender, completed the neuropsychological test battery. Results Patients performed more poorly than their healthy peers on cognitive tasks related to verbal and visual memory, visual perception, and working memory, but not attention, processing speed and executive functioning. Stepwise linear regression analyses showed that exercise-related measures (heart rate, oxygen saturation and distance walked) predicted performance on neuropsychological tests of psychomotor speed, verbal memory and word production. Additionally, an index of pulmonary function, specifically, lung diffusion capacity, predicted performance on selective and sustained attention and word generation. Conclusion The present preliminary findings may have implications for the quality of life and treatment compliance of patients with ILD and warrant further study with a larger sample of patients.
Improved Detection of Postoperative Residual Meningioma with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET Imaging Using a High-resolution Research Tomograph PET Scanner

Purpose: PET with somatostatin receptor ligand [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide ([68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC) is an established method in radiotherapy planning because of the improved detection and delineation of meningioma tissue. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of supplementary [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET in patients with a 3-month postoperative MRI reporting gross-total resection (GTR). Experimental Design: Thirty-seven patients with a histologically proven meningioma and GTR on postoperative MRI were prospectively referred to [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET. Detection and volume measurements of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC-avid lesions in relation to the primary tumor site were recorded. Residual tumor in suspicious lesions suggested by [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET was verified by (i) tumor recurrence/progression on subsequent MRI scans according to the Response Assessment of Neuro-Oncology criteria, (ii) subsequent histology, and (iii) follow-up [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET scan. Results: Twenty-three PET scans demonstrated [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC-avid lesions suspicious of residual meningioma, where 18 could be verified by (i) tumor progression on subsequent MRI scans (n = 6), (ii) histologic confirmation (n = 3), and (iii) follow-up [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET scans confirming the initial PET findings (n = 9) after an overall median follow-up time of 17 months (range, 9–35 months). In contrast, disease recurrence was seen in only 2 of 14 patients without [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC-avid lesions (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET in detecting meningioma residue was 90% [95% confidence interval (CI), 67–99], 92% (95% CI, 62–100), and 90% (95% CI, 74–98; P < 0.0001), respectively. Conclusions: The majority of patients with GTR on 3-month postoperative MRI may have small unrecognized meningioma residues that can be detected using [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET.
Iron(III) metal–organic frameworks as solid Lewis acids for the isomerization of α-pinene oxide

A series of Fe3+-containing porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), including the commercial iron trimesate Basolite F-300 or Fe(BTC) (BTC: 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) and the synthetic iron terephthalate MIL-88B (Fe3O(BDC)3X, X = Cl, OH, BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate), iron naphthalenedicarboxylate MIL-88C (Fe3O(NDC)3X, X = Cl, OH, NDC = 1,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate), iron trimesate MIL-100 (Fe3O(BTC)2X, X = Cl, OH) and iron azobenzenetetracarboxylate soc-MOF(Fe) or MIL-127 (Fe6O2(Tazb)3X2, X = Cl, OH, Tazb = 3,3′,5,5′-azobenzenetetracarboxylate; MIL stands for Materials from Institut Lavoisier), have been tested for the rearrangement of α-pinene oxide to camphonelal and isopinocamphone in the absence of solvent. Conversions of about 10% with 50% selectivity towards camphonelal were obtained. This catalytic performance has been compared with that of the copper trimesate Basolite C-300 or HKUST-1 of formula Cu3(BTC)2 and the aluminium terephthalate Basolite A-100 or MIL-53(Al) of formula Al(OH)(BDC) as well as with some homogeneous (ZnCl2, Cu(NO3)2, Al(NO3)3) and heterogeneous (Fe3+-exchanged Y-zeolite) Lewis acids. Fe(BTC) also exhibits catalytic activity for the rearrangement of other epoxides (styrene, cyclohexene and norbornene oxides) under solventless conditions. Some partial deactivation of the Fe(BTC) with a slight degradation of the structure has nevertheless been observed.
Verrucomicrobial methanotrophs: ecophysiology of metabolically versatile acidophiles

ABSTRACT Methanotrophs are an important group of microorganisms that counteract methane emissions to the atmosphere. Methane-oxidising bacteria of the Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria have been studied for over a century, while methanotrophs of the phylum Verrucomicrobia are a more recent discovery. Verrucomicrobial methanotrophs are extremophiles that live in very acidic geothermal ecosystems. Currently, more than a dozen strains have been isolated, belonging to the genera Methylacidiphilum and Methylacidimicrobium. Initially, these methanotrophs were thought to be metabolically confined. However, genomic analyses and physiological and biochemical experiments over the past years revealed that verrucomicrobial methanotrophs, as well as proteobacterial methanotrophs, are much more metabolically versatile than previously assumed. Several inorganic gases and other molecules present in acidic geothermal ecosystems can be utilised, such as methane, hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide, ammonium, nitrogen gas and perhaps also hydrogen sulfide. Verrucomicrobial methanotrophs could therefore represent key players in multiple volcanic nutrient cycles and in the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from geothermal ecosystems. Here, we summarise the current knowledge on verrucomicrobial methanotrophs with respect to their metabolic versatility and discuss the factors that determine their diversity in their natural environment. In addition, key metabolic, morphological and ecological characteristics of verrucomicrobial and proteobacterial methanotrophs are reviewed.
Do some viruses use growth hormone, prolactin and their receptors to facilitate entry into cells?

The molecular evolution of pituitary growth hormone and prolactin in mammals shows two unusual features: episodes of markedly accelerated evolution and, in some species, complex families of related proteins expressed in placenta and resulting from multiple gene duplications. Explanations of these phenomena in terms of physiological adaptations seem unconvincing. Here, I propose an alternative explanation, namely that these evolutionary features reflect the use of the hormones (and their receptors) as viral receptors. Episodes of rapid evolution can then be explained as due to “arms races” in which changes in the hormone lead to reduced interaction with the virus, and subsequent changes in the virus counteract this. Placental paralogues of the hormones could provide decoys that bind viruses, and protect the foetus against infection. The hypothesis implies that the extensive changes introduced into growth hormone, prolactin and their receptors during the course of mammalian evolution reflect viral interactions, not endocrine adaptations.