Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Possible Susceptibility Genes for Intervention against Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity

Recent therapeutic advances have significantly improved the short- and long-term survival rates in patients with heart disease and cancer. Survival in cancer patients may, however, be accompanied by disadvantages, namely, increased rates of cardiovascular events. Chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction is an important side effect of anticancer therapy. While advances in cancer treatment have increased patient survival, treatments are associated with cardiovascular complications, including heart failure (HF), arrhythmias, cardiac ischemia, valve disease, pericarditis, and fibrosis of the pericardium and myocardium. The molecular mechanisms of cardiotoxicity caused by cancer treatment have not yet been elucidated, and they may be both varied and complex. By identifying the functional genetic variations responsible for this toxicity, we may be able to improve our understanding of the potential mechanisms and pathways of treatment, paving the way for the development of new therapies to target these toxicities. Data from studies on genetic defects and pharmacological interventions have suggested that many molecules, primarily those regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and metabolism, contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiotoxicity induced by cancer treatment. Here, we review the progress of genetic research in illuminating the molecular mechanisms of cancer treatment-mediated cardiotoxicity and provide insights for the research and development of new therapies to treat or even prevent cardiotoxicity in patients undergoing cancer treatment. The current evidence is not clear about the role of pharmacogenomic screening of susceptible genes. Further studies need to done in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
Measuring Association Between Labels and Free-Text Rationales

In interpretable NLP, we require faithful rationales that reflect the model’s decision-making process for an explained instance. While prior work focuses on extractive rationales (a subset of the input words), we investigate their less-studied counterpart: free-text natural language rationales. We demonstrate that *pipelines*, models for faithful rationalization on information-extraction style tasks, do not work as well on “reasoning” tasks requiring free-text rationales. We turn to models that *jointly* predict and rationalize, a class of widely used high-performance models for free-text rationalization. We investigate the extent to which the labels and rationales predicted by these models are associated, a necessary property of faithful explanation. Via two tests, *robustness equivalence* and *feature importance agreement*, we find that state-of-the-art T5-based joint models exhibit desirable properties for explaining commonsense question-answering and natural language inference, indicating their potential for producing faithful free-text rationales.
Aspects of two-dimensional dilaton gravity, dimensional reduction, and holography

We discuss aspects of generic 2-dimensional dilaton gravity theories. The 2-dim geometry is in general conformal to $AdS_2$ and has IR curvature singularities at zero temperature: this can be regulated by a black hole. The on-shell action is divergent: we discuss the holographic energy-momentum tensor by adding appropriate counterterms. For theories obtained by dimensional reduction of the gravitational sector of higher dimensional theories, for instance higher dimensional $AdS$ gravity as a concrete example, the 2-dimensional description dovetails with the higher dimensional one. We also discuss more general theories containing an extra scalar field which now drives nontrivial dynamics. Finally we discuss aspects of the 2-dimensional cosmological singularities discussed in earlier work. These studies suggest that generic 2-dim dilaton gravity theories are somewhat distinct from JT gravity and theories "near JT".
Comparison of Bacterial Microbiota in Raw Mare’s Milk and Koumiss Using PacBio Single Molecule Real-Time Sequencing Technology

Koumiss is a traditional fermented raw mare’s milk product. It contains high nutritional value and is well-known for its health-promoting effect as an alimentary supplement. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial diversity, especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB), in koumiss and raw mare’s milk. Forty-two samples, including koumiss and raw mare’s milk, were collected from the pastoral area in Yili, Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China. This work applied PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to profile full-length 16S rRNA genes, which was a powerful technology enabling bacterial taxonomic assignment to the species precision. The SMRT sequencing identified 12 phyla, 124 genera, and 227 species across 29 koumiss samples. Eighteen phyla, 286 genera, and 491 species were found across 13 raw mare’s milk samples. The bacterial microbiota diversity of the raw mare’s milk was more complex and diverse than the koumiss. Raw mare’s milk was rich in LAB, such as Lactobacillus (L.) helveticus, L. plantarum, Lactococcus (Lc.) lactis, and L. kefiranofaciens. In addition, raw mare’s milk also contained sequences representing pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus succinus, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Klebsiella (K.) oxytoca, and K. pneumoniae. The koumiss microbiota mainly comprised LAB, and sequences representing pathogenic bacteria were not detected. Meanwhile, the koumiss was enriched with secondary metabolic pathways that were potentially beneficial for health. Using a Random Forest model, the two kinds of samples could be distinguished with a high accuracy 95.2% [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.98] based on 42 species and functions. Comprehensive depiction of the microbiota in raw mare’s milk and koumiss might help elucidate evolutionary and functional relationships among the bacterial communities in these dairy products. The current work suffered from the limitation of a low sample size, so further work would be required to verify our findings.
Primary Prevention Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators: A Townsville District Perspective

Background: Despite major advances in treating patients with severe heart failure, deciding who should receive an implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) remains challenging. Objective: To study the risk factors and mortality in patients after receiving an ICD (January 2008–December 2015) in a regional hospital in Australia. Methods: Eighty-two primary prevention patients received an ICD for ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM, n = 41) and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM, n = 40) with 4.8-yrs follow-up. One patient had mixed ICM/NICM indications. Ventricular arrhythmias were assessed using intracardiac electrograms. Statistical analysis compared the total population and ICM and NICM groups using Kaplan-Meier for survival, Cox regression for mortality predictors, and binary logistic regression for predictors of ventricular arrhythmias (p < 0.05). Results: Major risk factors were hypercholesterolemia (70.7%), hypertension (47.6%), and obesity (41.5%). Severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was found exclusively in NICM patients (23.7%, p = 0.001). Mortality was 30.5% after 4.8-yrs. The majority of patients (n=67) had no sustained ventricular arrhythmias yet 28% received therapy (n = 23), 18.51% were appropriate (n = 15), and 13.9% inappropriate (n = 11). Patients receiving ≥2 incidences of inappropriate shocks were 18-times more likely to die (p = 0.013). Three sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) (3.7%) were prevented by the ICD. Conclusion: Patients implanted with an ICD in Townsville had 30.5% all-cause mortality after 4.8-yrs. Only 28% of patients received ICD therapy and 13.9% were inappropriate. OSA may have contributed to the fourfold increase in inappropriate therapy in NICM patients. Our study raises important efficacy, ethical and healthcare cost questions about who should receive an ICD, and possible regional and urban center disparities.
Meeting the challenge of yellow rust in cereal crops

Meeting the challenge of yellow rust in cereal crops: proceedings of the regional conference on Yellow Rust in the central and West Asia and North Africa region, 8-14 May 2001, Karaj, Iran , Meeting the challenge of yellow rust in cereal crops: proceedings of the regional conference on Yell. , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
SysML models: studying safety and security measures impact on performance using graph tainting

Designing safe, secure and efficient embedded systems implies understanding interdependences between safety, security and performance requirements and mechanisms. In this paper, we introduce a new technique for analyzing the performance impact of safety/security implemented as hardware and software mechanisms and described in SysML models. Our analysis approach extracts a dependency graph from a SysML model. The SysML model is then simulated to obtain a list of simulation transactions. Then, to study the latency between two events of interest, we progressively taint the dependency graph according to simulation transactions and to dependencies between all software and hardware components. The simulation transactions are finally classified according to which vertex taint they correspond, and are displayed according to their timing and related hardware device. Thus a designer can easily spot which components need to be re-modeled in order to meet the performance requirement. A Rail Carriage use case studied in the scope of the H2020 AQUAS project illustrates our approach, in particular how tainting can handle the multiple occurrences of the same event.
Practical Family Challenges of Remote Schooling during COVID-19 Pandemic in Finland

The COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020 caused the rapid introduction of remote schooling in many countries. This transition caused a variety of challenges to families, encompassing organizing home workspaces, setting up computing equipment, and, for many parents, managing their own remote working in parallel with the schooling arrangements. This paper describes the findings from an online survey (n = 114) and an in-depth interview study (n = 14) conducted in Finland during the COVID-19 remote schooling phase. Focusing on issues surrounding technology usage in the family setting, we report on the array of applications parents and children were required to manage, strategies to share ICT equipment within families, spatial organizational issues and the high levels of flexibility needed from parents and other stakeholders to enable the remote schooling.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in microRNAs action as biomarkers for breast cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently described as small noncoding RNAs that are involved in numerous crucial physiological processes, such as cell cycles, differentiation, development, and metabolism. Thus, dysregulation of these molecules could lead to several severe disorders, including breast cancer (BC). Ongoing investigations in malignant growth diagnostics have distinguished miRNAs as promising disease biomarkers. As with any other mRNAs, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA sequence encoding for miRNA (miR-SNPs) indeed lead to potential changes in the function of miRNA. In this study, miR-SNPs located in different miRNA sequence regions, which have been associated with BC in different ways, and the potential mechanisms of how these miR-SNPs develop the risk of the disease were discussed.
Comments to Loewe et al. - Growth of Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) European provenances in central Chile

Abstract: The author replies to the article by Loewe Munoz et al. (2016), published on Aug 29, 2016 in iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, shortly commenting the choice of a Lombardy provenance of Pinus pinea L. used in the field trial experiment test at issue.
Efficient End-to-end Learning of Cross-event Dependencies for Document-level Event Extraction

Document-level event extraction is important for indexing the most important information in a document to facilitate downstream tasks such as information retrieval or question answering. However, it is a challenging task because it requires the understanding of event and entity coreference, and capturing arguments that span across different sentences. Existing works on event extraction generally confine on extracting events from single sentences, which fail to capture the relationships between the event mentions at the scale of a document, as well as the event arguments that appear in a different sentence than the event trigger. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end model leveraging Deep Value Networks (DVN), a structured prediction algorithm, to efficiently capture cross-event dependencies for document-level event extraction. Experimental results show that our approach achieves comparable performance to CRF-based model on ACE05, while enjoys significantly higher efficiency.
OPAL: Offline Primitive Discovery for Accelerating Offline Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved impressive performance in a variety of online settings in which an agent's ability to query the environment for transitions and rewards is effectively unlimited. However, in many practical applications, the situation is reversed: an agent may have access to large amounts of undirected offline experience data, while access to the online environment is severely limited. In this work, we focus on this offline setting. Our main insight is that, when presented with offline data composed of a variety of behaviors, an effective way to leverage this data is to extract a continuous space of recurring and temporally extended primitive behaviors before using these primitives for downstream task learning. Primitives extracted in this way serve two purposes: they delineate the behaviors that are supported by the data from those that are not, making them useful for avoiding distributional shift in offline RL; and they provide a degree of temporal abstraction, which reduces the effective horizon yielding better learning in theory, and improved offline RL in practice. In addition to benefiting offline policy optimization, we show that performing offline primitive learning in this way can also be leveraged for improving few-shot imitation learning as well as exploration and transfer in online RL on a variety of benchmark domains. Visualizations are available at this https URL
What’s in an Ecology? A Review of Artifact, Communicative, Device and Information Ecologies

Decades of research have examined human-computer interaction with or across multiple (computational) artifacts as artifact ecologies, communicative ecologies, device ecologies, information ecologies, and other related conceptualisations. Although rich on observations and concepts, the works are largely self-contained and focused on using and developing concepts internally, with little ambitions toward synthesizing and strengthening what we know about these different theoretical concepts. In this paper we take stock of the literature on ecologies et al. in HCI and CSCW with the aim of identifying key positions, differences, similarities, and sub-concepts, as well as opportunities moving forward. From a reviewed corpus of 129 publications we consolidate 54 concepts into four influential positions and identify cross-cutting themes, conceptual gaps and challenges moving forward. In addition, we discuss issues related to the disconnected nature and theoretical quality of the concepts and how that impacts implicit theorising within our research community.
CRECIMIENTO DEL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) EN FUNCIÓN DE LA SALINIDAD DEL AGUA DE RIEGO CON FERTILIZACIÓN NITROGENADA

espanolEl agua es un recurso para la agricultura, urbano e industrial y es insuficiente en zonas con clima semiarido en el nordeste de Brasil. El agua salina debe considerarse una alternativa para la expansion de las zonas agricolas con riego. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del riego con agua salina y fertilizacion nitrogenada en el crecimiento del girasol (Helianthus annuus L.) cv. EMBRAPA 122-V2000. El estudio se desarrollo en un invernadero de la Universidad Federal de Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brasil, entre abril y julio de 2012. El diseno experimental fue totalmente al azar con tres repeticiones, en arreglo factorial 5×5; niveles de salinidad del agua de riego con conductividad electrica (ECa) de 0.7, 1.7, 2.7, 3.7 y 4.7 dS m-1 (25 °C) y dosis de N de 50, 75, 100, 125 y 150 mg kg-1, en 75 unidades experimentales. Las variables evaluadas durante el ciclo de crecimiento fueron: altura de la planta, diametro del tallo, numero de hojas, area foliar, inicio de floracion, apertura maxima de la inflorescencia, diametro interno y externo del capitulo floral, y contenido de clorofila. Los resultados con ECa de 0.7 dS m-1 decrecieron linealmente. La interaccion salinidad del agua del riego y fertilizacion nitrogenada no fue significativa en las variables, excepto en la altura de la planta 15 d despues de la siembra. Las variables de la floracion se retardaron con el aumento de la salinidad del agua de riego y el contenido de clorofila disminuyo, pero aumento con el N. EnglishWater is a resource for agriculture, urban and industrial activities. It is insufficient in the arid climate areas in the north east of Brazil. Saline water is as an alternative to the expansion of agricultural irrigation areas. Our objective was to assess the effect of irrigation with saline water and nitrogen fertilization on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cv. EMBRAPA 122-V2000 growth. This study was carried out in a greenhouse at the Campina Grande Federal University, Paraiba, Brazil, between April and July 2012. The experimental design was completely random with three replications in a 5×5 factorial arrangement; salinity levels in irrigation water, with electrical conductivity (ECa) of 0.7, 1.7, 2.7, 3.7 and 4.7 dS m-1 (25 °C) and N doses of 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mg kg-1 as factors, in 75 experimental units. The variables evaluated during the growth cycle were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, flowering onset, maximum inflorescence opening, inner and external flower diameter, and chlorophyll content. The results with ECa of 0.7 dS m-1 linearly decreased. The salinity of the irrigation water and nitrogen fertilization interaction was not significant in the evaluated variables, except for the plant height 15 d after sowing. The flowering variables were delayed as the salinity of the irrigation water increased and chlorophyll content decreased, but increased with N.
The Problem of Central Nervous Reorganization After Nerve Regeneration and Muscle Transposition

IN THIS paper Roger W. Sperry identifies and evaluates, from laboratory experiments and from clinical evidence, the various factors that determine whether abnormally innervated or transposed end-organs can function adaptively, i.e., whether plastic reorganization within the central nervous system actually occurs. The evidence is considered both from the practical and from the theoretical viewpoints. Previously this problem had received attention largely because of its bearing on basic theoretical questions concerning subjects such as central nervous plasticity and adaptability, anatomical localization of central readjustments, equipotentiality versus specificity of central reflex associations, peripheral versus central control of motor coordinations, the innate versus acquired nature of central and peripheral relations, selectivity of nerve regeneration and termination, manner of ontogenetic development of connections between center and periphery. The work which forms the basis of Sperry's own research contributions in the problems under discussion was done as a graduate student (1937 to 1941) in the Zoology Department of the University of Chicago, working under Professor Paul A. Weiss; the papers issuing from the work were in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Ph. D. Although strong evidence was accumulating in the Chicago laboratory and elsewhere against specificity of neuronal connections as tested by surgical rearrangements between nerve centers and periphery, Sperry's own work demonstrated lack of plasticity of basic motor patterns; motor patterns to limbs he found to be fixed and rigid. These were stirring times in the history of developmental biology in general, and of developmental neurobiology in particular. Spemann's revolutionary work had been done a decade earlier: the Nobel Prize was awarded to him in 1935. Many basic issues were under debate and experiment. That of specificity and selectivity versus plasticity or non-selectivity in the ontogenetic and regenerative formation of neuronal circuits or neuron-target cell interaction was particularly prominent. Anti-Sherringtonian; non-connectionist ideas were fashionable in the late 1930s, as were doubts about the genetic control of the development of neuronal networks or instinctual behavior. The climate of opinion was not favorable to the view that motor nerves and muscles were not fully interchangeable. During the second World War, Weiss, with his extensive background and fertile insight into neurodevelopmental processes, devoted himself to research on the repair of nerve injuries, using techniques especially devised to
Cognitive Processing Impacts High Frequency Intracranial EEG Activity of Human Hippocampus in Patients With Pharmacoresistant Focal Epilepsy

The electrophysiological EEG features such as high frequency oscillations, spikes and functional connectivity are often used for delineation of epileptogenic tissue and study of the normal function of the brain. The epileptogenic activity is also known to be suppressed by cognitive processing. However, differences between epileptic and healthy brain behavior during rest and task were not studied in detail. In this study we investigate the impact of cognitive processing on epileptogenic and non-epileptogenic hippocampus and the intracranial EEG features representing the underlying electrophysiological processes. We investigated intracranial EEG in 24 epileptic and 24 non-epileptic hippocampi in patients with intractable focal epilepsy during a resting state period and during performance of various cognitive tasks. We evaluated the behavior of features derived from high frequency oscillations, interictal epileptiform discharges and functional connectivity and their changes in relation to cognitive processing. Subsequently, we performed an analysis whether cognitive processing can contribute to classification of epileptic and non-epileptic hippocampus using a machine learning approach. The results show that cognitive processing suppresses epileptogenic activity in epileptic hippocampus while it causes a shift toward higher frequencies in non-epileptic hippocampus. Statistical analysis reveals significantly different electrophysiological reactions of epileptic and non-epileptic hippocampus during cognitive processing, which can be measured by high frequency oscillations, interictal epileptiform discharges and functional connectivity. The calculated features showed high classification potential for epileptic hippocampus (AUC = 0.93). In conclusion, the differences between epileptic and non-epileptic hippocampus during cognitive processing bring new insight in delineation between pathological and physiological processes. Analysis of computed iEEG features in rest and task condition can improve the functional mapping during pre-surgical evaluation and provide additional guidance for distinguishing between epileptic and non-epileptic structure which is absolutely crucial for achieving the best possible outcome with as little side effects as possible.