Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks

Wireless rechargeable sensor networks have become a hot research issue as it can overcome the limited energy bottleneck of wireless sensor networks owing to the recent breakthrough of wireless power transfer technology. Though network lifetime is prolonged and sensor nodes can sustain immortally, the issue of network robustness is overlooked, yielding most theoretical work unsuitable for practical applications when confronting with unpredictable packet loss. In this paper, we address the network robustness issue by maximizing the charging utility in a risk-averse view. First, we build a risk-averse model based on the concept of CVaR (Conditional Value at Risk), which trades-off charging utility and risk aversion for quantifying robustness. Then, we propose a spatial discretization scheme to construct a charging route for mobile charger, which can reduce computational overhead. Afterwards, a path optimization scheme is designed to further improve the charging utility. We convert the original problem into the submodular function maximization problem and propose a method with a performance guarantee while maximizing the system robustness. Finally, testbed experiments and simulations are conducted, and the results demonstrate that our schemes outperform comparison algorithms by at least 22.4% in effective energy in the presence of risks to guarantee system robustness.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of the Lebanese Community toward Food Adulteration

Food adulteration is the purposeful act of decreasing the quality of food goods offered for sale, whether by adding or replacing inferior substances or by the removal of some valuable ingredient. A limited number of studies have explored the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) concerning food adulteration in Lebanon. The objectives of the present study were to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of identifying adulteration in the process of food purchase by Lebanese adult consumers, and to identify factors associated with food adulteration. An online survey (n = 499) was administered among Lebanese adults aged 18 years and above. Results showed that the majority had a low food adulteration knowledge score (73.1%). During shopping, fewer than half of the participants checked the ingredients (42%) and nutrition facts label (33.9%). Regression analyses showed that six predictors were significantly associated with participants’ knowledge scores including gender, age, marital status, education (undergraduate and master degree) and employment status (student). The results of this study show that knowledge and practices of identifying adulteration in the process of food purchase by consumers are lacking among most respondents. Increasing knowledge, awareness and motivation to identify food adulteration products during food shopping will empower consumers to improve buying practices, especially for the public with a lower level of education.
Compton scattering of blackbody photons by relativistic electrons

We present simple and accurate analytical formulae for the rates of Compton scattering by relativistic electrons integrated over the energy distribution of blackbody seed photons. Both anisotropic scattering, in which blackbody photons arriving from one direction are scattered by an anisotropic electron distribution into another direction, and scattering of isotropic seed photons are considered. Compton scattering by relativistic electrons off blackbody photons from either stars or CMB takes place, in particular, in microquasars, colliding-wind binaries, supernova remnants, interstellar medium, and the vicinity of the Sun.
Gender Relations and Social Reintegration of Rape Survivors in South Kivu: An Analysis of Favorable and Unfavorable Factors for Reintegration

ABSTRACT Stereotypical beliefs about male honor often impede the social reintegration of rape victims. We conducted a qualitative study in Kalehe territory in the province of South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo, to understand strategies that facilitate the continuity of married life despite dishonor due to the rape of their wife. We interviewed men and women in eight couples separately. Our respondents implemented marital survival mechanisms that had not been thought out or planned. These strategies mainly involved a symbolic acceptance of women after rape. In our sample, some men remained in their marriages despite the perceived economic, sexual, and identity-related emasculation that made them less than men. Others engaged in polygamy. The presence of children born of rape made it difficult to their mothers for social reintegration. However, female children born from rape seemed to better reintegration than boys because of house chores, and marriage, from which their stepfather would benefit a bride price. The boys, on the other hand, were considered as herders and a potential danger associated with their biological fathers. In conclusion, our study shows that, although women reintegrated their matrimonial homes, they experience violence due to the hegemonic masculine socialization and patriarchal foundations.
Linked in the dark: A network approach to understanding information flows within the Dutch Telegramsphere

ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that the stricter content moderation policies imposed by mainstream social networking sites (SNSs) stimulated the growth of low-moderated but relatively open discussion platforms such as Telegram. Despite Telegram’s growing popularity among (deplatformed) digital exiles, and high potential for news dissemination, information consumption, mobilization, and radicalization, little is known about information flows with respect to politically and socially relevant topics within the Telegramsphere. We scrutinize the Telegramsphere as an information-sharing ecosystem of current affairs by uncovering how information flows indicated by content-overlap and shared users influenced the structure of Telegram networks and shaped communities over time. Using state-of-the-art web-mining, neural topic modeling, and social network analysis techniques on a unique data set that spans the full messaging history (N = 2,033,661) of 174 Dutch-language public Telegram chats/channels, we show that over time, conspiracy-themed, far-right activist, and COVID-19-sceptical communities dominated the Dutch Telegramsphere of current affairs. Our findings raise concerns with respect to Telegram’s polarization and radicalization capacity in the context of consuming socially and politically relevant information online.
The “toothbrush-relic”: evidence for a coherent linear 2-Mpc scale shock wave in a massive merging galaxy cluster?

Some merging galaxy clusters host diffuse extended radio emission, so-called radio halos and relics. Here we present observations between 147 MHz and 4.9 GHz of a new radio-selected galaxy cluster 1RXS J0603.3+4214 (z=0.225). The cluster is also detected as an extended X-ray source in the RASS. It hosts a large bright 1.9 Mpc radio relic, an elongated ~2 Mpc radio halo, and two smaller radio relics. The large radio relic has a peculiar linear morphology. For this relic we observe a clear spectral index gradient, in the direction towards the cluster center. We performed Rotation Measure (RM) Synthesis between 1.2 and 1.7 GHz. The results suggest that for the west part of the large relic some of the Faraday rotation is caused by ICM and is not only due to galactic foregrounds. We also carried out a detailed spectral analysis of this radio relic and created radio color-color diagrams. We find (i) an injection spectral index of -0.6 to -0.7, (ii) steepening spectral index and increasing spectral curvature in the post-shock region, and (iii) an overall power-law spectrum between 74 MHz and 4.9 GHz with \alpha=-1.10 \pm 0.02. Mixing of emission in the beam from regions with different spectral ages is probably the dominant factor that determines the shape of the radio spectra. Changes in the magnetic field, total electron content, or adiabatic gains/losses do not play a major role. A model in which particles are (re)accelerated in a first order Fermi process at the front of the relic provides the best match to the observed spectra. We speculate that in the post-shock region particles are re-accelerated by merger induced turbulence to form the radio halo as the relic and halo are connected. The 1RXS J0603.3+4214 merger is probably more complex than the "simple'" binary merger events that are thought to give rise to symmetric double radio relics.
The staircase method: integrals for periodic reductions of integrable lattice equations

We show, in full generality, that the staircase method (Papageorgiou et al 1990 Phys. Lett. A 147 106–14, Quispel et al 1991 Physica A 173 243–66) provides integrals for mappings, and correspondences, obtained as traveling wave reductions of (systems of) integrable partial difference equations. We apply the staircase method to a variety of equations, including the Korteweg–De Vries equation, the five-point Bruschi–Calogero–Droghei equation, the quotient-difference (QD)-algorithm and the Boussinesq system. We show that, in all these cases, if the staircase method provides r integrals for an n-dimensional mapping, with , then one can introduce q ⩽ 2r variables, which reduce the dimension of the mapping from n to q. These dimension-reducing variables are obtained as joint invariants of k-symmetries of the mappings. Our results support the idea that often the staircase method provides sufficiently many integrals for the periodic reductions of integrable lattice equations to be completely integrable. We also study reductions on other quad-graphs than the regular lattice, and we prove linear growth of the multi-valuedness of iterates of high-dimensional correspondences obtained as reductions of the QD-algorithm.
The dust content of high-z submillimeter galaxies revealed by Herschel ,

We use deep observations taken with the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS), on board the Herschel satellite as part of the PACS evolutionary probe (PEP) guaranteed project along with submm ground-based observations to measure the dust mass of a sample of high-z submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). We investigate their dust content relative to their stellar and gas masses, and compare them with local star-forming galaxies. High-z SMGs are dust rich, i.e. they have higher dust-to-stellar mass ratios compared to local spiral galaxies (by a factor of 30) and also compared to local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs, by a factor of 6). This indicates that the large masses of gas typically hosted in SMGs have already been highly enriched with metals and dust. Indeed, for those SMGs whose gas mass is measured, we infer dust-to-gas ratios similar or higher than local spirals and ULIRGs. However, similarly to other strongly star-forming galaxies in the local Universe and at high-z ,S MGs are characterized by gas metalicities lower (by a factor of a few) than local spirals, as inferred from their optical nebular lines, which are generally ascribed to infall of metal-poor gas. This is in contrast with the large dust content inferred from the far-IR and submm data. In short, the metalicity inferred from the dust mass is much higher (by more than an order of magnitude) than that inferred from the optical nebular lines. We discuss the possible explanations of this discrepancy and the possible implications for the investigation of the metalicity evolution at high-z.
Influence of Information-Based Continuous Care on Disease Control and Treatment Compliance of Elderly Diabetic Patients

Background The incidence of diabetes is increasing year by year. For elderly diabetic patients, poor blood glucose control and worsening immune function greatly increase the risk of complications, which will seriously affect their quality of life. Purpose This paper primarily clarifies the influence of information-based continuous care on disease control and treatment compliance of elderly diabetic patients. Methods From December 2018 to December 2021, 106 elderly diabetic patients were selected, and their clinical data were retrospectively studied. Patients were grouped according to the type of care they received: an observation group (OG) comprising 56 cases receiving information-based continuous care and a control group (CG) including 50 cases treated with routine nursing. The two cohorts of patients were compared regarding disease control, treatment compliance, glucose and lipid metabolism (GLM), and self-management. Results After analysis, it was found that the disease control and treatment compliance were statistically higher in OG compared with CG. OG also showed significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) after nursing that were all lower compared with CG. In terms of self-management, OG outperformed CG in diet, exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and adherence to medical regimens. Conclusions Information-based continuous care has beneficial effects on disease control and treatment compliance of elderly diabetic patients and can help control blood sugar and optimize patients' self-management level, with high clinical promotion value.
Stability analysis of the Biot/squirt models for wave propagation in saturated porous media

This work is concerned with the Biot/squirt (BISQ) models for wave propagation in saturated porous media. We show that the models allow exponentially exploding solutions, as time goes to infinity, when the characteristic squirt-flow coefficient is negative or has a non-zero imaginary part. We also show that the squirt-flow coefficient does have non-zero imaginary parts for some experimental parameters. Because the models are linear, the existence of such exploding solutions indicates instability of the BISQ models. This result calls on a reconsideration of the widely used BISQ theory. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the 3D isotropic BISQ model is stable when the squirt-flow coefficient is positive. In particular, the original Biot model is unconditionally stable where the squirt-flow coefficient is 1.
Extreme variability modelling of overdispersed germination count experiments

Germination tests are carried out for a wide variety of purposes in weed control. The variability in seed germination counts raises the overdispersion problem. The objective of this study is to compare different approaches used in solving overdispersion and to offer practical solutions to researchers. The data sets were created from seed germination counts, which examined the allelopathic effect of white cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) on the germination of some culture and weed seeds. Methanol and aqueous concentrations (30%, 40%, 50%) of dry and fresh white cabbage were used. Assuming the Poisson distribution in the generalized linear mixed model, overdispersion problem was determined in redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.), lamb’s quarters ( Chenopodium album L.) and sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) Equidispersion was determined in corn ( Zea mays L.) and it was perfectly adapted to the Poisson distribution. In order to overcome the overdispersion problem, generalized Poisson distribution outperformed negative binomial distribution. The increase concentration in the generalized Poisson in weeds, fresh cabbage methanol and aqueous applications were very effective reducing germination (p < 0.05). The best results in weed seeds were obtained at 50%. Unlike weeds, 30% concentration of dry cabbage methanol and aqueous were considered as the upper limit in order not to adversely affect germination in Z. mays and B. vulgaris. Consequently, in germination tests, the problem of overdispersion is inevitable as a result of excessive variability. For germination count data, generalized Poisson distribution is viable option and powerful alternative to accurately describe mean-variance relationship
Multigroup Monte Carlo Reactor Calculation with Coarse Mesh Finite Difference Formulation for Real Variance Reduction

The coarse mesh finite difference (CMFD) formulation has been applied to Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in order to mitigate the issue of large real variances of pin power tallies in full-core problems. In this work, a parallelized multigroup (MG) two-dimensional (2-D) MC code named PRIDE (Probabilistic Reactor Investigation with Discretized Energy), which is capable of handling lattices of square pin cells within which circular substructures can be modeled, has been developed as a tool for the investigations of the new method. In this code, a scheme to construct a CMFD linear system is based on the MC tallies of coarse mesh average fluxes and the net currents at coarse mesh interfaces. These tallies are accumulated over the MC cycles to get more stable CMFD solutions which are used for feedback to MC fission source distribution (FSD). The feedback scheme in this code employs a weight adjustment of fission source neutrons for the next MC cycle that is to reflect the global CMFD FSD into the MC FSD. The performance of CMFD feedback has been investigated in terms of the number of inactive cycles required for the convergence of FSD and also the reduction of real variances of local property tallies in active cycles. The applications to 2-D multigroup full-core pressurized water reactor problems have demonstrated that the MC FSD converges considerably faster and the real variances of pin powers are smaller by a factor of 4 with CMFD FSD feedback. It is also noted that the large real variances of pin powers are caused mainly by the global assembly-wise fluctuations of power distributions in a large core rather than local fluctuations.
Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed PEEK/HA Composite Filaments

The incorporation of bioactive ceramic into polyether ether ketone (PEEK) was expected to improve the bioinertia and hydrophobicity of pure PEEK, further facilitating osseointegration and bone ingrowth. However, the addition of bioceramic also changes the anisotropy of mechanical properties and failure mechanism of composite. Therefore, three-dimensional printed (3D-printed) PEEK/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite filaments with differing proportions (HA content: 10–30 wt%) were prepared using physical mixture and melting extrusion processes. The tensile elastic modulus and tensile strength of composite filaments were tested experimentally. These microscopic models, with multiple diameter variations and differing dispersity of HA particles, were built to estimate mechanical properties using finite element analysis. Based on a generalized version of Hooke’s Law, the influence of diameter variation and particle clustering on the elastic modulus was evaluated. The mathematical relationship between the elastic modulus and volume fraction of the bioceramic was established using the Halpin–Tsai model. The results showed that with an increase in HA content from 10 wt% to 30 wt%, the elastic modulus of the composite increased from 2.36 GPa to 2.79 GPa, tensile strength decreased from 95 MPa to 74 MPa, and fracture elongation decreased from 63% to 23%, presenting brittle fracture failure. When the dispersion of particles was uniform, the elastic modulus was less affected by diameter variation, but the modulus anisotropic coefficient was greatly affected by the composition ratio, particle diameter, and dispersity. Hence, 3D-printed PEEK/HA composite filaments can meet the strength requirements of human bone, and understanding the influence of mechanical anisotropy plays a very important role in the design, manufacture, and clinical application of medical implants.
Preprint typeset in JHEP style-HYPER VERSION Cavendish-HEP-12 / 18 QCD Jet Rates with the Inclusive Generalized k t Algorithms

We derive generating functions, valid to next-to-double logarithmic accuracy, for QCD jet rates according to the inclusive forms of the kt, Cambridge/Aachen and anti-kt algorithms, which are equivalent at this level of accuracy. We compare the analytical results with jet rates and average jet multiplicities from the SHERPA event generator, and study the transition between Poisson-like and staircase-like behaviour of jet ratios.
An Online Efficiency Optimized Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

A reasonable energy management strategy (EMS) for a hybrid power system can effectively optimize the critical indicators of the system. In this article, a multi-level EMS that can improve the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) was proposed. Focused on the energy distribution, a system overall efficiency optimization model was built first. Then, to reduce the computational burden caused by solving the optimization model, an instantaneous optimal search (IOS) algorithm with better online performance was proposed. Thus, the corresponding load demand power distribution strategy that can optimize the system overall efficiency can be designed. Hardware in the loop (HiL) experimental results indicated that the proposed EMS can realize optimization of the FCHEV energy utilization rate compared with other traditional strategies. To further validate that the proposed strategy can contribute to the practical application of the fuel cell electric vehicle, a 1.2-kW hybrid electric vehicle was built in the laboratory. Results of the vehicle driving tests indicated that the designed EMS can effectively optimize the overall efficiency of the FCHEV hybrid power system, which can help to contribute to the application of FCHEVs.
The Dawes Review 2: Nucleosynthesis and Stellar Yields of Low- and Intermediate-Mass Single Stars

Abstract The chemical evolution of the Universe is governed by the chemical yields from stars, which in turn are determined primarily by the initial stellar mass. Even stars as low as 0.9 M⊙ can, at low metallicity, contribute to the chemical evolution of elements. Stars less massive than about 10 M⊙ experience recurrent mixing events that can significantly change the surface composition of the envelope, with observed enrichments in carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, and heavy elements synthesized by the slow neutron capture process (the s-process). Low- and intermediate-mass stars release their nucleosynthesis products through stellar outflows or winds, in contrast to massive stars that explode as core-collapse supernovae. Here we review the stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis for single stars up to ~ 10 M⊙ from the main sequence through to the tip of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). We include a discussion of the main uncertainties that affect theoretical calculations and review the latest observational data, which are used to constrain uncertain details of the stellar models. We finish with a review of the stellar yields available for stars less massive than about 10 M⊙ and discuss efforts by various groups to address these issues and provide homogeneous yields for low- and intermediate-mass stars covering a broad range of metallicities.
Indo-Pacific Variability on Seasonal to Multidecadal Time Scales. Part II: Multiscale Atmosphere–Ocean Linkages

AbstractThe coupled atmosphere–ocean variability of the Indo-Pacific domain on seasonal to multidecadal time scales is investigated in CCSM4 and in observations through nonlinear Laplacian spectral analysis (NLSA). It is found that ENSO modes and combination modes of ENSO with the annual cycle exhibit a seasonally synchronized southward shift of equatorial surface zonal winds and thermocline adjustment consistent with terminating El Nino and La Nina events. The surface winds associated with these modes also generate teleconnections between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, leading to SST anomalies characteristic of the Indian Ocean dipole. The family of NLSA ENSO modes is used to study El Nino–La Nina asymmetries, and it is found that a group of secondary ENSO modes with more rapidly decorrelating temporal patterns contributes significantly to positively skewed SST and zonal wind statistics. Besides ENSO, fundamental and combination modes representing the tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) are found to .