Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symptomatic treatments of some common diseases of fancy Pigeons in Bangladesh

Diseases of fancy pigeons in Bangladesh is common and this happens mostly in winter months, December to February. Pigeon rearers’ normally face by lime faeces and sudden death, which resemble with Newcastle disease, pox, diarrhoea and catch cold. Out of 20 diseases the observed data were 30% for bacterial, 20% viruses, 15% were rearing problem, protozoan and vitamin deficiency 10% and fungal, Mycoplasma and food related diseases were only 5% and rest 25% were not identified. Paralysis is common in pigeons which occurs by bacteria; twisted neck by virus, bacterium and vitamin and egg bound for holding of pigeons and bacterium. Preventive measures are better for protecting such kinds of diseases but this practice carried out to some extent is in most farms. Government provides some common medicines mainly pox vaccines, but not available for the people. In Bangladesh most farmers are not more conscious about their fancy pigeons and do not bother with the death of pigeons. The farmers are getting medicines especially multivitamins and common antibiotics like renamycin (Renata), oxy-doxy (Opsonin), cosumix plus (Novartis), ESB3 (Novartis) and cipcin (Biopharma). Traditionally they use some common medicines and sometimes homoeopathic treatments and that result worst. All diseases are treated on symptoms, not diagnostic and most of the farmers are not well known about diseases. Precautions give better returns to the farmers. Using one antibiotic for three days gives good results in some farms. The ND titer of the pigeons’ blood is maintained in only one farm in Pabna, Bangladesh which is remarkable. In pigeons normal titer in blood is above 9 and below 5 then needs to apply vaccine. The sequence of diseases are bacterium > virus > rearing > protozoa and vitamin > fungus, Mycoplasma, food.
Asymmetrical Reproductive Isolation between Drosophila albomicans and D. nasuta

The species status of the taxa, Dmsophila albomicans and D. nasuta, has been an issue because no obvious reproductive isolation has been reported. For both D. albomicans and D. nasuta females, although the mating speeds differed in the single-choice mating tests, without time limitation the successful mating percentage of intraspecific crosses was the same as that of interspecif-ic ones. However, by comparing "multiple-choice", "dual-choice", and "single-choice" experiments, there is evidence for female mating preference and male-male interactions in D. albomicans. These 2 components of sexual selection were not observed in D. nasuta. The implication of this asymmetrical premating sexual behavior in D. albomicans on the speciation history of this species is discussed.
Chemical composition of seeds of date fruit cultivars of United Arab Emirates

Date seeds from five cultivars at kimri stage (fully mature fruit, but still having green colour) of maturity grown in the United Arab Emirates were analyzed for proximate, amino acid and mineral composition. The average ash, protein and fat contents were 1.5, 6. and 9.0%, respectively. Among the macro-elements, the potassium concentration was the highest (538.5, mg/100g), followed in descending order by phosphorus (181.1), magnesium (132.8) and calcium (155.5). The sodium concentration (5.0) was the lowest among the macro-elements. Of the micro-elements, zinc was present in the highest concentration (4.94), followed in descending order by iron (3.81), manganese (3.60) and copper (1.21). The amino acids profile of date-seed proteins was comparable to the FAO/WHO reference pattern. Oleic acid was the predominant fatty acid (56.1%) in date seed fat, followed by palmitic acid (11.9%), linoleic acid (11.6%). lauric acid (8.3%), myristic acid (6.0%) and stearic acid (2.6%). The data showed that date seeds could be a potential raw material for animal feeds.
A Preliminary Assessment of Angiosperm Flora of Bangladesh Police Academy

The paper focuses on the qualitative assessment of angiosperm flora of Bangladesh police academy, Rajshahi conducted during January 2012 to December 2012. A total of 302 species belonging to 243 genera under 84 families were recorded. Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons) is represented by 69 families, 214 genera and 271 species, whereas Liliopsida (Monocotyledons) by 15 families, 29 genera and 31 species. Fabaceae is the largest family in Magniliopsida represented by 35 species and, in Liliopsida, Poaceae is the largest family with 9 species. For each species botanical name, local name, habit, relative occurrence, voucher number and family were provided.
Entwicklung eines Sulfolobus-E. coli Shuttle-Vektors basierend auf dem Plasmid pRN1

A restriction endonuclease activity from Sulfolobus islandicus REN2H1 was purified by phosphocellulose and cation exchange chromatography. The enzyme cuts DNA at the recognition site GCwGC as could be shown by restriction analysis of plasmids and short synthetic duplex DNA. The cleavage occurs after the first guanosine base and is inhibited by 5-methylcytosine methylation. The restriction activity is saltsensitive and has an optimal activity around 70 C.
CASE STUDY: Multiple-Study Analysis of the Effect of Live Yeast on Milk Yield, Milk Component Content and Yield, and Feed Efficiency

ABSTRACT A data set with dietary information and production responses was compiled from 14 research trials conducted internationally (160 observations representing 1,615 cows) that tested the effect of dietary inclusion of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077). Diet and feed analysis data for each study were entered into CPM (Cornell, Penn, Miner) Dairy 3.0. 8 to estimate dietary nutrient parameters. Mean milk yield was 31.56 kg (SD = 6.45) with 3.75% milk fat (SD = 0.34) and 3.02% true protein (SD = 0.15). Mixed model analysis was conducted with CPM nutrients as main effects. Number of cows per treatment was included as a weighting factor, and experiment was included as a random effect. Live yeast significantly improved (P 100 DIM (33.81 vs. 32.83 kg; P 0.10) of live yeast on DMI. Although milk fat and protein content were slightly lower with the inclusion of live yeast, both milk fat yield (1.28 vs. 1.25 kg/d; P
Structural and functional investigations of Leishmania oligosaccharides and the predominant surface glycoprotein, Gp63

Leishmania express a predominant surface glycoprotein, gp63, having endoprotease activity. Characterization of this activity precludes any discussion regarding its potential function during the different life-stages of the parasite. Using insulin B-chain as the substrate, gp63, isolated from L. major and L. mexicana amazonensis prom~stigotes, displayed distinct pH optima of7.0 and 5.0, respectively. Gp63, from both species of Leishmania was i:. ~apsible of digesting large proteins at pH 5. 0 provided the proteins had been denatured. Gp63 was found to have a broad substrate specificity, cleaving primarily on the amino side of hydrophobic &nd polar residues with no other apparent structural requirement. The Y.m of L. major gp63 was 63 μM when a 13 amino acid peptide was used as the substrate. Further investigation of gp63 was concerned with the functional significance of its N-linked oligosaccharides. Leishmania major promastigotes, when grown in the presence oftunicamycin (TM), produced a plasma membrane bound, proteolytically active gp63 with a lower mol. wt. than the native glycoprotein. However, this lower mol. wt. form of gp63 continued to be recognized by concanavalin A (Con A), suggesting that inhibition of N-linked glycosylation was not complete. Metabolic labeling of gp63, using S-methionine, demonstrated that in the range of 5-10 μg m1· TM, only the lower mol. wt. form was synthesized, suggesting that inhibition was complete and that lectin binding was likely due to the GPI anchored sugars. Removal of the oligosaccharides fromL. major and L. mexicana amazonensis promastigotes using endo-J3-N-acetylglucosamidase F, caused gp63 to shift to a lower molecular weight, but again did not affect the proteolytic activity. However, this deglycosylated enzyme continued to bind Con A until subsequently treated with periodate. The latttr oxidation reaction resulted in complete loss of Con A binding without inhibiting the protease activity or the substrate specificity of gp63. Removal of the oligosaccharides also did not affect the susceptibility of gp63 to proteolytic digestion by either autolysis or cathepsin D. These findings indicate that the N-linked oligosaccharides of gp63 are not essential for folding, transport, maintenance of enzyme activity or resistance to proteolysis.
Pathogenic variability in Pyricularia grisea at a rice blast "hot spot" breeding site in Eastern Colombia

Forty-five international races of Pyricularia grisea, representing all nine race groups, were identified in a «hot spot» breeding site (Santa Rosa) in Colombia, with the largest number included in the IA group. The international race system did not fully describe the virulence spectrum of the isolates, since several races could be further differentiated into different pathotypes when local commercial cultivars were used as differentials. Compatibility was present in the pathogen population for at least 13 known resistance genes and resistance sources tested. Frequency of virulent phenotypes on the 42 cultivars tested ranged from 0.0 to 0.86, with no cultivar susceptible to all isolates. The lowest compatibility frequencies were associated with combinations of resistance genes
Mineralization of organic material and bacterial dynamics in Mississippi River plume water

Net remineralization rates of organic matter and bacterial growth rates were observed in dark-bottle incubation experiments conducted in July–August and February with water samples collected from sites in the Mississippi River plume of the Gulf of Mexico. Our objectives were to measure site-specific degradation rates of labile dissolved and particulate organic matter, quantify the potential importance of bacteria in these processes, and examine the kinetics of degradation over time. Unfiltered samples, and samples treated to remove (or dilute out) particles larger than bacteria, were enclosed in 9-1 bottles and incubated in the dark for 3–5 d. Respiration rates and inorganic compound accumulation rates were higher in summer than in winter and were highest in unfiltered surface samples at sites of intermediate salinities where phytoplankton were most abundant. The ratio of ammonium accumulation to oxygen removal in summer experiments suggested that the mineralized organic material resembled “Redfield” stoichiometry. Chemical fluxes were greater in bottles containing large (>1–3 μm) particles than in the bottles with these particles removed, but bacterial activities were generally similar in both treatments. These results suggest that particle consumers were an important component of total organic matter degradation. However, these experiments may have underestimated natural bacterial degradation rates because the absence of light could affect the production of labile organic substrates by phytoplankton. In agreement, with this hypothesis, bacterial growth rates tended to decrease over time in summer in surface plume waters where phytoplankton were abundant. In conjunction with other data, our results indicate that heterotrophic processes in the water column are spatially and temporally dependent on phytoplankton production.
Controlling Relative Humidity in Modified Atmosphere Packages of Tomato Fruit

The feasibility of controlling relative humidity in modified atmosphere pack- ages using compounds possessing Type III sorption isotherm behavior was studied. Ten grams each of dry sorbitol, xylitol, NaCl, KCl, or CaCl 2 sealed with one mature- green tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) fruit at 20C in simulated packages for 48 days resulted in stable relative humidities of ≈75%, 80%, 75%, 85%, and 35%, respectively. Relative humidity was a function of the ratio of chemical to fruit mass. Relative humidities within control packages were in the range of 96% to 100% through- out the experiments. A simple system that uses spunbonded polyethylene pouches for the application of this humidity control method to packages is described. The storage life of packaged red-ripe tomato fruit at 20C was extended from 5 days using no pouch to 15 to 17 days with a pouch containing NaCl, mainly by retardation of surface mold development.
Modelling the effects of cropping systems and their spatial distribution on phoma stem canker on Winter OilSeed Rape and the adaptation of fungal pathogen populations responsible for the disease (Leptosphaeria maculans) to cultivar resistances.

One of the main control methods to manage phoma stem canker is the use of cultivars with specific or quantitative resistances. However, specific resistances lack durability. Other control methods can be used to manage the disease: chemical and cultural control methods (tillage to limit the quantity of primary inoculum on infected stubble, adaptation of the sowing date and rate, organic nitrogen supply to limit crop's receptivity to infections). The spatial and temporal combination of genetic, cultural and chemical control methods in a region makes it possible to better control the disease, to preserve the efficiency of specific resistant cultivars as well as economic profit for farmers, and to satisfy environmental and toxicological exigencies of integrated crop management. Given the considered scales and the number of technical operations that have to be taken into account, experiments are difficult, or simply impossible to set up to test control strategies. A model has been developed to test cropping systems that address these issues: SIPPOM-WOSR, a Simulator for Integrated Pathogen Population Management, for Winter OilSeed Rape. SIPPOM consists of 5 sub-models simulating i) primary inoculum production, ii) ascospore dispersal, iii) crop growth and attainable yield, iv) dynamics of pathogen population genetic structure, and v) infection and relative yield loss. Output variables are disease severity index and the associated yield loss, yield, gross margin, energetic cost of cultural practices and Treatments Frequency Index, as well as the genetic structure of pathogen populations, under the effect of four evolutionary forces (migration, selection, recombination, and Allee effect). An experiment has been set up to collect data on disease recurrence, and formalisms, as effect of quantitative resistance on disease severity or attainable yield calculation, have been completed with data from other experimentations. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out to study the sensitivity of sub-models to parameter variations. Examples of simulation illustrate how SIPPOM can be used to test integrated and durable disease control strategies.
Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler finishers fed diets supplemented with Roxazyme G and exogenous phytase

A 21-day feeding trial involving 480, 4-week old unsexed Abhor Acre broilers was carried out in a completely randomised design to evaluate performance, carcass characteristics and cost benefit of broiler finishers fed iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous corn-soyabean based enzyme supplemented diets. Diet 1 had no supplemented Roxazyme G and phytase (T1-basal diet). The other three diets are: T2-Roxazyme G (0.2g/kg), T3-basal diet +Phytase (1g/kg) and T4-basal diet +Roxazyme G and Phytase (0.2g/kg and 1g/kg) inclusion. The objective was to observe whether addition exogenous enzymes individually or as a mixture improved efficiency of broiler finisher production. The results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) across the dietary treatments for daily feed intake, weight gain and FCR. The values obtained were in the range of 137.9g, 1191.9g and 1.45 respectively. There were no significant difference (p>0.05) in carcass weight of birds on T4, T2 and T1 but birds fed both Roxazyme G and phytase had heaviest carcass weight of 1533.3g . However, birds fed diets supplemented with phytase alone had significantly lower carcass weight and dressing yield to other dietary treatments. The cut up parts were not significantly different (p>0.05) except the weights of the head, drumstick and breast meat. The cost analysis showed that it is not profitable to include the enzymes in the practical broiler finishers’ diet used in this study. There was no need to include the above enzymes in the diet of broilers at finishing phase as the birds at this stage can efficiently utilize nutrients in their feed.
STEROIDS AND TRITERPENE FROM THE BARK OF UNONOPSIS GUATTERIOIDES R. E. FR. (ANONNACEAE)

The phytochemical study of the bark of the stalk from Unonopsis guatterioides (Annonaceae) led to the isolation of the triterpene polycarpol, a substance with biological activities described in the literature, and a mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Steroids are reported for the first time in this species. The substances were characterized based on the interpretation of their 1H, 13 C NMR data and MS.
Identifying the demographic determinants of population growth rate: a case study of red‐billed choughs Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax

Summary 1. Identifying which age-specific demographic rates underlie variation in a population’s growth rate ( λ ) is an important step towards understanding the population’s dynamics. Using data from a 20-year study of marked individuals, we describe patterns of demographic variation and covariation in the Scottish red-billed chough population ( Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax ), and investigate which demographic rates have the greatest projected and realized influence on λ . 2. Survival, the probability of breeding and breeding success varied with age in this population. Data were sufficient to estimate year-specific probabilities of first-year, second-year and adult (all ages over 2) survival and mean breeding success. A population trajectory modelled using these parameter estimates closely matched census data, suggesting that estimates and simplifying assumptions were sufficient to accurately describe important demographic processes. 3. Elasticity analyses based on stage-classes for which year-specific survival was estimable suggested that λ was more elastic to variation in adult survival than first- or second-year survival or breeding success. These ranks were consistent across all 15 years for which λ could be estimated directly, although the elasticity of adult survival declined with population growth. 4. Survival and breeding success were positively correlated across years. λ remained most sensitive to adult survival when this demographic covariation was incorporated into elasticity analyses. 5. However, elasticities calculated from a fully age-structured model suggested that λ was more elastic to variation in first- and second-year survival than to survival at any individual older age class. These ranks were robust to realistic demographic variation, but sensitive to postulated patterns of demographic covariation. We emphasize that covariation should be measured and incorporated into elasticity analyses, and that estimated elasticities must be interpreted in the context of the way in which stage-classes are defined. 6. Of the demographic rates in which we quantified between-year variation, first-year survival varied most, followed by second-year survival, breeding success and adult survival. These rates consequently contributed more equally to variation in λ than elasticities predicted. Overall, variation in λ was caused primarily by variation in survival rather than breeding success, and variation in prebreeding survival accounted for 56% of the total variation in λ .
Accounting for effort when comparing tropical fisheries in lakes, river-floodplains, and lagoons

Data from fishing effort fishermen. 59 tropical fisheries which were artisanal and multispecies in character indicated that was a major determinant of yield. Effort was defined as number of full- and part-time The largest subset, which comprised 31 African lake fisheries, conformed to a function related to the Schaefer model. Data from different lakes were thus treated as samples from a hypothetical multispccies fishery. The model explained 75% of the variance in log(yield). The residuals were correlated (P < 0.05) with log(morphoedaphic index). The effort model and the morphoedaphic index jointly explained 80% of the variance in log(yield). A function to account for the nonlinear effect of fishing effort was proposed for sets of fisheries conforming to the model. Data from river-floodplain and lagoon fisheries were very similar and were best described by the same effort model. Differences in the model parameters for these fisheries compared to those of lakes suggested differences in effective effort. A “precision improvement index” was proposed to compare the predictive value of models with different predictors and transformations. A comparison of the predictability of yields revealed that, dcspitc variation in sociocconomics, commercialization, and biological productivity between fishcries, this crude effort measurement was more important than indices of productivity for these sets of fisheries. Future progress in predicting and understanding collection of variables that relate to the fishery and parable systems.
EFFECT OF DEEP FREEZING OF PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS CULTURES ON THEIR SURVIVAL AND PATHOGENICITY

The maintenance of Phytophthora infestans cultures isolates from blighted potato, frozen in liquid nitrogen, was studied in two experiments. The effects of deep freezing and acclimatization pre-treatment at different temperatures on culture survival and stability of virulence and aggressiveness were evaluated. The best survival of cultures maintained for three months in liquid nitrogen was expressed, when cultures were acclimatized before freezing at 7°C. The survival of frozen cultures was significantly worse in comparison with control combinations stored on rye-agar and rye-agar under paraffin oil for short time (in experiment I – 40 days, in experiment II – three months). The virulence spectrum of frozen cultures after thawing was more narrow than that one observed before culture freezing. However this virulence spectrum did not differ significantly from virulence range of control cultures. The level of aggressiveness of culture stored in liquid nitrogen did not differ significantly from control cultures as well. The virulence spectrum and aggressiveness level of cultures frozen in liquid nitrogen were significantly higher after two passages of thawed cultures on potato tissues than after single passage.