Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The importance of meaningful participation: health benefits of volunteerism for older adults with mobility-limiting disabilities

Abstract Volunteerism has been increasingly recognised as a health promotion activity for older adults. However, volunteerism has largely been the domain of those who are in good health with few to no physical limitations, and there is limited information about the experiences of older adults with disabilities. This study explores why older adults with mobility-limiting disabilities engage in volunteer work and their perceptions of the personal benefits of volunteering. Twenty older adults, from three Midwest towns in the United States of America, participated in semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews. Participants in this study identified as having serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs due to a health condition and had volunteered in the last year. Participants were selected purposively for maximum variation in terms of type of disability/impairment, race, gender and age. The constant comparative method of analysis was used to identify themes from their discussions. When asked about why they volunteer and the personal benefits of volunteering, participants discussed seeking out activities that were meaningful to them for both altruistic and more self-directed reasons. They identified a number of physical and emotional health benefits that they saw as directly and indirectly related to being able to participate in these meaningful activities. Findings from this study suggest that, for older adults with disabilities who are interested in volunteer activities, volunteerism can be a beneficial health promotion activity and a potential mechanism for increasing opportunities for meaningful inclusion and participation in their communities.
Ageing and the economy: a literature review of political and policy mechanisms

ABSTRACT Population ageing, and the decline in the working-age population, represent a profound global demographic shift. What political consequences do ageing populations have for the economies of advanced democracies? To address this question, we carry out a wide-ranging, systematic literature review using network-based community detection algorithms and manual coding to select almost 150 articles. We find that research in this area typically focuses on a few mechanisms and is therefore – by design – unable to identify gaps in existing knowledge or assess interactions between different strands of literature. Our review suggests that ageing has important implications for a variety of domains including electoral behaviour, social policy preferences, and public spending. Taken together, the political consequences of population ageing are likely to have previously overlooked and indirect impacts on economic outcomes. Future research should, therefore, examine how population ageing shapes political dynamics and policy choices in ways that also affect the economy.
Cartography of Southern Feminisms: Contributions of decolonial feminisms and community feminisms

This work is based on a theoretical research study on Southern Feminisms and Social Intervention developed at the National University of Mar del Plata, Argentina. The South is understood as a metaphor for human suffering systematically caused by the oppression and domination of an imperialist, capitalist, colonial and patriarchal North. It is a very powerful geo-corporate-political and epistemological metaphor because it reveals and problematises the devices used for oppression and domination. This article uses cartography as a methodology to make explicit the analytical and interpretative matrices present in decolonial feminisms and community feminisms. It also makes explicit the criticisms that these feminisms make of hegemonic-academic-Western feminism. Contributions from feminist experiences in Australia and New Zealand are included and the specific contributions of Southern Feminisms to the theory and practice of social work are made explicit.
Identifying Market Structure: A Deep Network Representation Learning of Social Engagement

With rapid technological developments, product-market boundaries have become more dynamic. Consequently, competition for products and services is emerging outside the product-market boundaries traditionally defined based on Standard Industrial Classification and North American Industry Classification System codes. Identifying these fluid product-market boundaries is critical for firms not only to compete effectively within a market but also to identify lurking threats and latent opportunities outside market boundaries. Newly available big data on social media engagement presents such an opportunity. The authors propose a deep network representation learning framework to capture latent relationships among thousands of brands and across many categories, using millions of social media users’ brand engagement data. They build a brand–user network and then compress the network into a lower-dimensional space using a deep autoencoder technique. The authors evaluate this approach quantitatively and qualitatively and visually display the market structure using the learned representations of brands. They validate the learned brand relationships using multiple external data sources. They also illustrate how this method can capture the dynamic changes of product-market boundaries using two well-known events—the acquisition of Whole Foods by Amazon and the introduction of the Model 3 by Tesla—and how managers can use the insights that emerge from this analysis.
Determination of the Stress Responses and Mineral Compositions of Some Common Wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salt Treatment

1Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University Univ., Agr. Faculty, Field Crop and Horticulture Dep. , Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan 2,3,4Selcuk University, Agriculture Faculty, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Konya, Turkey 1https://orcid.org/0000–0002–3276–0106 2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7378-4406 3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3795-4575 4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7147-7875 *Corresponding authors e-mail: hasancan194@yahoo.com. tr
Sea Lice Are Sensitive to Low Frequency Sounds

The salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis is a major disease problem in salmonids farming and there are indications that it also plays a role in the decline of wild salmon stocks. This study shows the first ultrastructural images of pathological changes in the sensory setae of the first antenna and in inner tissues in different stages of L. salmonis development after sound exposure in laboratory and sea conditions. Given the current ineffectiveness of traditional methods to eradicate this plague, and the strong impact on the environment these treatments often provoke, the described response to sounds and the associated injuries in the lice sensory organs could represent an interesting basis for developing a bioacoustics method to prevent lice infection and to treat affected salmons.
Molecular Tools for Diagnosis and Surveillance of Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Endemic Areas

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) including the hookworms Necator americanus and Ancylostoma spp. , Ascaris lumbricoides, and Trichuris trichiura affect over 1.5 billion people worldwide and are estimated to have caused 1.9 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). With the concerted effort in expanding and improving targeted mass drug administration (MDA) programs over the past decade, along with decreasing prevalence, infections in several endemic areas tend to be of low intensity. Conventional microscopy-based methods recommended for the detection of STH in parasitological surveys have been shown to be less sensitive in these low-intensity settings. As communities progress towards STH elimination through MDA and improved sanitation, there is a pressing need for highly sensitive techniques that detect the true prevalence of STH to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing programs and interventions. Molecular methods that involve analysis of DNA rather than the morphology of the organism are highly sensitive and specific, allowing for both quantitation and species discrimination. The following review discusses different sample collection strategies, pre-processing steps, DNA extraction platforms, and nucleic acid detection methods available for diagnosis and surveillance of STH. We have contrasted the utility of these molecular tools against conventional microscopy-based methods currently used in most endemic settings. While the detection methods are primarily qPCR based, several newer technologies have also become available along with automation and increased throughput, making these molecular tools increasingly cost-effective and potentially amenable for use in low-resource settings.
Atypical dental wear patterns in individuals exhumed from a medieval Islamic necropolis of Santarém (Portugal)

To infer the diet and cultural behaviours of Islamic communities during the medieval period in Portugal, 43 adult skeletons (13 females, 27 males, and 3 individuals of undetermined sex) from the medieval Islamic necropolis of Santarém were analysed. A total of 779 teeth were macroscopically observed to score dental wear and dental alterations as enamel chipping, notching, transversal grooves observed on the mesiodistal occlusal surfaces (TGMOS), and lingual surface attrition of the maxillary anterior teeth (LSAMAT). Occlusal wear was moderate. Chipping was recorded in 13.08% (98/749) teeth from 28 individuals, and notching affected 3.87% (29/749) belonging to 17 individuals. Five sub jects have transverse grooves, observed on the mesiodistal occlusal surfaces in 3% (23/750) of the teeth. LSAMAT was observed in 41.25% (66/160) of the anterior upper teeth belonging to 20 individuals. Combinations of different alterations were investigated: LSAMAT–chipping, LSAMAT–TGMOS, and LSAMAT–chipping–TGMOS. These could be related to hard food, extra-masticatory behaviours, chewing unknown substances, or trauma.
Infiltration reduction characteristics and a simplified calculation model of film hole irrigation during interference infiltration *

The infiltration types of film hole irrigation (FHI) can be divided into film hole free infiltration (FHFI) and film hole interference infiltration (FHII). Numerical simulations were carried out with HYDRUS to investigate the influence of soil texture (ST), film hole diameter (D), film hole spacing (S) and water depth above the film hole (H) on the cumulative infiltration under two infiltration types of FHFI and FHII. The results showed that the amount of FHII was reduced significantly compared to that of FHFI. ST, D and S are the dominant factors affecting the infiltration reduction volume (ΔI). The relationship between ΔI and the time after interference (t − t0) is a proportional function (R2 ≥ 0.96), and its proportional coefficient has a good power function relationship with D and S. The power function coefficients have large differences for different ST, and the range of variation is 0.1–191, whereas there is little difference between the power function index of D and S; the average values were 2.6 and −2.5, respectively. A simplified calculation model of infiltration reduction was established, and the estimation accuracy was high (RMSE = 0.017 L, EF = 0.980). This research can provide a reference for the calculation of the irrigation water volume of the FHI.
Effect of Perioperative Systemic Dexamethasone on Pain, Edema, and Trismus in Mandibular Fracture Surgery: A Randomized Trial

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract The authors’ aim was to evaluate the effect of perioperative systemic dexamethasone (DXM) administration on postoperative pain, edema, and trismus in mandibular fracture patients. The authors conducted a prospective randomized study of 45 patients with one or 2 noncomminuted fractures of the dentate part of the mandible. All patients underwent surgery for intraoral miniplate fixation. Patients in the study group were given a total of 30 mg DXM, while patients in the control group received neither DXM nor placebo. Only paracetamol and opioids were served as analgesics. Pain severity was assessed using the visual analog scale. The effect in facial swelling was measured in centimeters and analyzed as percentage change. Trismus was evaluated as the difference in maximal mouth opening by measuring interincisal distance in millimeters. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to determine the statistical significance of differences between the groups. Thirty-four patients were included in the statistical analysis. The visual analog scale score was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group at 18 hours postoperatively (P = 0.033). Significant differences in edema or trismus were not found postoperatively between the DXM and control groups. In conclusion, perioperative DXM decreases postoperative pain in mandibular fracture patients when nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not used, but it does not seem to be effective in reducing edema or trismus.
Effect of Ca(NO3)2 coating on chemical and mechanical properties and bruise susceptibility of Golden Delicious and Red Delicious apples during storage

Effect of coating with calcium nitrate in three concentrations (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 wt%) on chemical and mechanical properties, and impact behaviour of two apple cultivars (Golden Delicious (GD) and Red Delicious (RD)) during time (0, 2, and 4 months) was studied. Moisture content, pH, titratable acidity, °Brix, organoleptic properties, modulus of elasticity (E), yield stress, yield strain, and toughness were measured. The effect of impact loads was determined by measuring bruise volume (BV) and bruise susceptibility (BS). The results showed that pH and °Brix significantly increased, while titratable acidity, E, yield strain, toughness, and BV decreased during storage time. As Ca(NO3)2 concentration increased, titratable acidity, E, yield strain and yield stress increased and pH decreased (P < 0.05). Highest and lowest values for °Brix were observed in GD treated with 1.0% Ca(NO3)2 after four months (13.31) and GD treated with 0.5% Ca(NO3)2 at the first day (10.65), respectively. Maximum E was obtained in GD treated with 1.0% Ca(NO3)2 on the first day (2130 kPa) and this sample also showed the lowest BS after four months of storage (2.82 mL J−1), while the uncoated GD had the highest BS on the first day (7.11 mL J−1).
Design of a Forming Process for Increasing the Contact Length of Corrugated Plates in Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

In molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) systems, it is known that the shape of corrugated plates has a significant influence on performance, durability, and cost. A corrugated plate with a repeating open trapezoidal-shaped slot supports membrane electrode assembly and provides a gas flow channel. To increase the efficiency of the MCFC, the slot between the corrugated and center plates has a relatively large contact length. However, increasing the contact length of the slot increases the risk of necking or fracture generation at the corner of the slot. Therefore, we focus on the development of forming technology of corrugated plate which has large contact length of slots without any necking or fracture. To this end, numerical simulation was conducted to determine the appropriate process and tool design. In the simulation, to capture shear fracture during the forming process of slots, the normalized Cockroft–Latham ductile fracture model was used. The critical value for slitting and fracture was evaluated by comparing the deformed shapes in the slitting plane obtained from experimental and simulation results. Based on simulation results, a reasonable design concept of the two-stage forming process was suggested to increase the contact length of the slot without necking or fracture. In addition, the experiment results confirmed the validity of the proposed forming process and tool design.
Trajectory planning for vehicle collision avoidance imitating driver behavior

To ensure that autonomous vehicles satisfy the requirements of the traffic environment, vehicle driving ability, and desired driver experience during obstacle avoidance, this paper proposes a trajectory planner that considers three aspects: driving passability, regional safety, and driving acceptance. Multiresolution state lattices and Bézier curve fitters are applied to a state lattice framework to generate candidate obstacle avoidance trajectory clusters. Trajectory evaluation is then carried out in the above three aspects by using trajectory passability, safety and driver behavior proximity, and a trajectory evaluation function is designed to evaluate and screen trajectory clusters. The trajectory passability is checked by the vehicle motion capability set, which is established based on the vehicle dynamics model. The trajectory safety is evaluated by the potential field function between the fitted trajectory and the vehicle driving environment boundary with consideration of the inevitable collision state. The parameters of the vehicle motion state for the fitted trajectory are matched with the driving data of real drivers with different driving styles to evaluate the proximity between the trajectory and driver behavior. The rationality and effectiveness of different driving styles of trajectory planners are verified by vehicle tests under different vehicle velocities and different obstacle disturbances.
Language Situation among the Armenians of Baghdad: A Sociolinguistic Study

This study investigates the language situation of the Armenian language among the Armenians of Baghdad. The researcher examines the domains of language where the Armenians use their ethnic language and the factors that support them use their ethnic language side by side with Arabic language. The researcher uses a pilot questionnaire that helped her to create a community profile which gives information about the community. She uses a sociolinguistic questionnaire, which is formed by the information taken from pilot questionnaire, to answer the main questions of the study. She distributed the questionnaire to 50 participants from different demographic background from Armenian community. The study concludes that the Armenians of Baghdad still preserve their ethnic language and use it restrictedly at home, church and in social religious events. The study also finds that the home, the family and the church are the major factors that maintain the Armenian language among the community in Baghdad. It also shows other factors that maintain the Armenian language such as schools, institutions, and the historic events that live in the memory of the community that contribute to the language maintenance.
Power quality issues: Power supply interruptions as key constraint to development in Ekiti State, Nigeria

The power quality issues in the world today are critical to the development of different nations. Prosperity of each nation depends on availability of constant power supply and the quality of supply of power is very important to the required developments in world in the past, the present and the future. Constant power supply is a major challenge in Africa particularly in Nigeria where the generated power is less than thirty percent of the required power. The metrics of power quality are voltage sag, flickers, spikes, harmonics, notching, transients and interruptions. This paper reviewed power quality issues and the interruptions as they affect the development of the State. The level of interruptions in Ekiti State was thoroughly examined and the causes of power interruption in the State were investigated. The method used was the collection of data in respect of power interruptions on Ekiti feeders from the Benin distribution company, assessment of the collected data through simple programming as a command for plotting the graphs through the use of MATLAB 2015 depicting the behavioural pattern of the interruption for a period of six months in 2016. The result shows that the interrelationship between the interruptions and development particularly as it affects domestic consumers, small and medium scale enterprise adversely. Recommendations were suggested with the objective of solving the problems being set up by interruptions in the State and these include installation of reactors, automatic voltage regulators and effective tap changing system on the lines, busses and transformer substation respectively.
Diagnosis, Screening and Treatment of Osteoporosis –A Review

Osteoporosis is the multifactorial skeletal disease that leads to fracture risk in individuals. It is characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density leading to increased fracture risk. It is often silent and only known when fractures occur in the elderly leading to death. The reason is that the disease is always underdiagnosed and not treated properly. It affects men and women, but women are more susceptible to it due to estrogen deficiency. Osteoporosis is diagnosed based on the fragility fractures, low bone mineral density assessed by DEXA scan. Pharmacological (anti-resorptive and anabolic drugs) and lifestyle modifications (dietary intake, weight-bearing exercise, hip protectors, and fall prevention measures) are helpful in the prevention and treatment of Osteoporosis. Clinicians must take proper measures in finding out the patients who are at higher risk of Osteoporosis and providing treatment by either diagnosing or by screening the previous history of fracture risk in the patients. This article provides an overview of the diagnosis, screening, and treatment of Osteoporosis.
Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices for Achieving Green Architecture Concepts in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Solid waste is one of the social and environmental challenges that urban areas are facing. The study assesses the state of solid waste in Addis Ababa during 2016–2020 to provide implications for achieving green architecture concepts through better management of solid waste and its economic contribution. The study uses secondary and primary data. Quantitative and qualitative data are analyzed through descriptive statistics and context analysis, respectively. The result reveals that most solid waste is generated from households, followed by commercial centers, street sweeping, industries/factories, hotels, and hospitals, respectively. From 2016 to 2020, an average of 80.28% of solid waste is collected, whereas 19.72% of the waste is not collected. There are little or no efforts made to segregate solid waste at the source. The generated waste is disposed of in the Reppi open landfill. Together with Ethiopian electric power (EEP) and the City Government of Addis Ababa, waste has been converted to energy since 2019. The study suggests minimizing waste from its source by reducing generation, composting, reusing, recycling, waste-to-energy strategy, and well-designed buildings to achieve the concept of green architecture in Addis Ababa through better solid waste management.