Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Responses of Korean Pine to Proactive Managements under Climate Change

Proactive managements, such as the resistant and the adaptive treatments, have been proposed to cope with the uncertainties of future climates. However, quantifying the uncertainties of forest response to proactive managements is challenging. Korean pine is an ecologically and economically important tree species in the temperate forests of Northeast China. Its dominance has evidently decreased due to excessive harvesting in the past decades. Understanding the responses of Korean pine to proactive managements under the future climates is important. In this study, we evaluated the range of responses of Korean pine to proactive managements under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenarios from four General Circulation Models (GCMs). We coupled an ecosystem process-based model, LINKAGES, and a forest landscape model, LANDIS PRO, to simulate scenarios of management and climate change combinations. Our results showed that the resistant and the adaptive treatment scenarios increased Korean pine importance (by 14.2% and 42.9% in importance value), dominance (biomass increased by 9.2% and 25.5%), and regeneration (abundance <10 years old increased by 286.6% and 841.2%) throughout the simulation. Results indicated that proactive managements promoted the adaptability of Korean pine to climate change. Our results showed that the variations of Korean pine response to climate change increased (ranging from 0% to 5.8% for importance value, 0% to 4.3% for biomass, and 0% to 85.4% for abundance) throughout the simulation across management scenarios. Our result showed that regeneration dictated the uncertainties of Korean pine response to climate change with a lag effect. We found that the effects of proactive managements were site-specific, which was probably influenced by the competition between Korean pine and the rare and protected broadleaf tree species. We also found that the adaptive treatment was more likely to prompt Korean pine to migrate into its suitable habitats and promoted it to better cope with climate change. Thus, the adaptive treatment is proposed for Korean pine restoration under future climates.
Öğrencilerin Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık ve Kültürel Zekâya İlişkin Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi

Bu calismanin amaci kulturlerarasi duyarlilik ve kulturel zekâ arasindaki iliskilerin Turk ve uluslararasi ogrenci goruslerine gore incelenmesidir. Arastirmanin calisma grubu 2016-2017 egitim ogretim yili bahar doneminde Turkiye genelindeki universitelerde egitim goren 337 Turk ve uluslararasi ogrenciden olusmaktadir. Nicel arastirma yontemleriyle desenlenen arastirmada veri toplama araci olarak “Kulturlerarasi Duyarlilik Olcegi” ve “Kulturel Zekâ” olcegi kullanilmistir. Ogrencilerden toplanan veriler aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, t-testi, ANOVA, dogrulayici faktor analizi, Pearson korelasyon ve regresyon analizi ile cozumlenmistir. Bulgular Turk ve uluslararasi ogrencilerin kulturlerarasi duyarlilik puan ortalamasinin orta, kulturel zekâ puan ortalamasinin ise yuksek oldugunu gostermistir. Bulgular ayni zamanda Turk ve uluslararasi ogrencilerin kulturlerarasi duyarlilik ve kulturel zekâ algi duzeylerinin yas, egitim durumu ve ogrencinin uyruguna gore anlamli bir farklilik gostermedigini ortaya cikarmistir. Uluslararasi ogrencilerin kulturel zekâ algi duzeyleri cinsiyete gore farklilasmazken, Turk ogrencilerin kulturel zekâ algi duzeylerinin cinsiyete gore farklilastigi gorulmustur. Pearson korelasyon analizi sonuclari degiskenler arasinda anlamli, pozitif ve orta duzeyde bir iliskinin oldugunu gostermistir. Regresyon analizi ise, kulturlerarasi duyarliligin kulturel zekânin anlamli bir yordayicisi oldugunu ortaya cikarmistir.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES REGARDING VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING IMAM HUSSEIN MEDICAL CITY IN KARBALA 2018

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. It is significantly associated with skeletal and non-skeletal problems. Prevention can be maintained mainly by effective sun exposure or supplementation and to lesser extent by dietary intake. To determine the magnitude of knowledge and practice of women towards vitamin D deficiency. Methods: A cross-sectional study, purposive sample of 442 women were approached who attended consultants’ clinics of Imam Hussein Medical City in Karbala. Data collection done between March 2 and June 30, 2018 through direct interviews using a special questionnaire prepared for the purpose of the study. Results: Less than half (45.2%) of the women had heard about vitamin D; their source of information was from relatives and friends then from health care provider. The mean score for the participants’ knowledge about VDD was 4.25 out of 9.0 (47%). It has a significant association with higher educational levels and urban residence. There is no significant difference regarding age, marital status or occupation. The mean score for the participants’ practice about vitamin D deficiency was 2.53 out of 5 (50.71%). There is no influence of practice score by socio-demographic factors. Conclusion: Overall knowledge towards vitamin D deficiency was suboptimal. Improving practices towards VD is directly related to increase knowledge about it that indicates the need to increase public awareness about the problem, encourage appropriate way of sun exposure, consumption of vitamin D rich food and taking supplementation when sun exposure is difficult.
Self-assembly of three-dimensional nucleic acid nanostructures

Patterning complex 3D features at the nanoscale offers potential applications for a wide range of fields from materials to medicine. While numerous methods have been developed to manipulate nanoscale materials, these methods are typically limited by their difficulty in creating arbitrary 3D patterns. Self-assembly of nucleic acids has emerged as a promising method for addressing this challenge due to the predictability and programmability of the material and its structure. While a diversity of DNA nanostructures have been designed by specifying complementarity rules between strands, creation of 3D nanostructures requires careful design of strand architecture, and patterns are often limited to a volume of 25 x 25 x 25 nm3 Here, we address the challenges in structural DNA nanotechnology by developing a modular DNA "brick" approach. These bricks are short, single-stranded oliogomers that can self-assemble in a single-pot reaction to a prescribed 3D shape. Using this modular approach, we demonstrate high efficiency in 3D design by generating 100 distinct, discrete 3D structures from a library of strands. We also created longrange ordering of channels, tunnels, and pores by growing micron-sized 3D periodic crystals made from DNA bricks. Finally, we applied this approach to control over 30,000 unique component strands to selfassemble into cuboids measuring over 100 nm in each dimension. These structures were further used to pattern highly complex cavities. Together, this work represents a simple, modular, and versatile method for 3D nanofabrication. This unique patterning capability of DNA bricks may enable development of new applications by providing a foundation for intricate and complex control of an unprecedented number of independent components. Thesis Supervisor: Peng Yin, Ph.D. Title: Professor of Systems Biology
Individual Particle Characteristics, Optical Properties and Evolution of an Extreme Long‐Range Transported Biomass Burning Event in the European Arctic (Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard Islands)

This paper reports an exceptional biomass burning (BB) advection event from Alaska registered at Ny‐Ålesund from 10 to 17 July 2015 with particular interest on the influence of the airborne particle characteristics on the optical properties of the aerosol during the event. To this purpose we considered two DEKATI 12‐stage aerosol samples spanning the entire advection and analyzed them by scanning electron microscopy techniques. Aerosol chemical data and microphysical properties were also evaluated in order to correlate any change of individual particle characteristics with the bulk properties of the aerosol. The results of individual particle analysis depict a complex event characterized by a first phase (P1) of massive input of BB carbonaceous particles (i.e., tar balls, popcorn refractory particles, and organic particles), and by a second phase (P2) dominated by inorganic salts. The peculiar feature of this BB event is the exceptionally large grain size of the subspherical organic particles at the beginning of the event with respect to the background. At these conditions a significant increase of the scattering efficiency may occur even for a small increase of the size parameter. Results of the simulation of the complex refractive indices (n‐ik) confirm this evaluation. Aerosol evolution during the event resulted from the combination of three distinct occurrences: (a) progressive rotation of air mass circulation toward non‐BB source areas, (b) development of a thick fog layer in the planetary boundary layer, and (c) sea salt spray direct advection of local/regional provenance.
Success factors in football: an analysis of the German Bundesliga

ABSTRACT Knowledge of success factors in professional football is critical. However, the identification of the success factors primarily focused on English and Spanish leagues. In this paper, three seasons of the German Bundesliga (2014/2015 until 2016/2017) with a total of 918 matches were analysed. To facilitate a more precise analysis of success factors, only close matches were included and the home and away team perspective was analysed separately. Therefore, 29 variables were included in a generalised ordered logit approach. The results showed that defensive errors, market value, goal efficiency, shots from counter attacks, shots on target and total shots have the greatest impact. Furthermore, crosses showed a negative relationship with success. Besides, the opponent and home advantage are important contextual effects. Overall, 11 and 12 variables are significant, respectively. Duel success is only significant for away teams and a higher market value seems to have a more positive impact for them. This study provides novel data and contributes to prior results from other European leagues. Future research should further investigate the impact of ball possession and distance covered. Coaches should focus on accuracy rather than on quantity as well as train fitness (physically and mentally) to lower the risk of errors.
Invisible experiences, muted voices, and the language socialization of Québec, migrant-background students

ABSTRACT This case study examines the second language socialization of migrant-background (MB) students (n = 8) enrolled in a Greater Montréal public primary school, where the language of instruction is French. This examination includes MB students’ experiences learning French and learning through French, and the impact of their knowledge of other languages on their academic experiences. Teachers’ beliefs, perceptions, and experiences working with MB students were also investigated to outline participants’ needs and challenges in this school context. Data collection included classroom observations (approx. 13 hours), observations of students’ in-class peer interactions, six teacher interviews, two focal group interviews with students, and two individual interviews with parents. Findings reveal that learners were socialized to be French speakers, but as non-native speakers, they are also socialized as deficient French speakers. Students’ other languages were not valued or viewed as a resource, although findings include signs that students secretly used these resources to support their learning.
Export Diversification, Margins and Economic Growth at Industrial Level: Evidence from Thailand

This paper examines the relationship between export diversification, export margins and economic growth at the industry level using Thailand as a case study during 2002&#8211;16. Our results show that the effects of export diversification and margins on economic growth vary across industries. Export diversification helps boost growth only in some sectors, including electronics, automotive and chemicals, plastic and rubber, while in the processed food, and textiles and apparel industries, specialisation matters more in promoting growth. In almost all industries, a non&#8208;linear relationship between diversification and economic growth is not revealed, except in textiles and apparel. The diversification is crucial in enhancing the impact of exports on growth only in the processed food and textiles and apparel industries. Expansion of intensive margins plays an important role in boosting growth in key industries within Thailand. The role of extensive margins, both in terms of new products and new market destinations, in promoting economic growth is limited. For extensive margins (new products), it is found to be significant in boosting economic growth only in processed food and textiles and apparel, while in the case of extensive margins (new market destinations), its significance in boosting growth is revealed only in the electronics sector.
Human Uptake of Eggshell Powder as an Alternate Source of Calcium

Calcium (Ca) plays important structural and physiological roles in our body. Usually, our body meets up its Ca need from dietary sources. In developing countries like Bangladesh, most of the people cannot afford Carich foods. So, Ca supplements are generally prescribed to deficient individual that usually costs high. It is, therefore, necessary to find out an alternative and cheap source of Ca supplement especially in Bangladesh. Considering the above facts, the main focus of this study was to explore the possibility of using the egg shell as a source of Ca. In his study, discarded eggshells were collected, washed, decontaminated properly and ground to a fine powder. Washing with tap water followed by 10 min boiling completely decontaminated the eggshells. On an average 3.45, 5.91, 4.5 and 4.55 g of eggshell powder (ESP) per shell were obtained from a domesticated fowl, domestic duck, white leghorn, and rhode island red, respectively. Particle size was measured using scanning electron microscope and the size ranged between 3.47-5.94 μm. The Ca contents were found as 38.65, 35.0, 24.85 and 35.73 g in domesticated fowl, domestic duck, white leghorn, and rhode island red, respectively per 100 g of ESP. Taking daily Ca requirements into account, we observed that powder from almost half of an eggshell is sufficient to fulfill the daily Ca need. The amount of magnesium (Mg) in 100 g ESPs was found to be 45.37, 32.48, 45.17 and 45.27 mg and that of iron (Fe) was 35.07, 33.47, 31.91 and 33.06 mg in domesticated fowl, domestic duck, white leghorn, and rhode island red, respectively. Various toxic heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) contents remained below the detection level in ESP samples. Organoleptic tests revealed that the ESP does not have any objectionable effects on the texture and flavor of ESP-fortified foods and juice. These results suggested that the ESP can be used as an alternative and important cheap source of Ca and other beneficial micronutrients for human being. However, it is necessary to create the awareness and public perception regarding the use of EPS.
A Comparative Study of Test Takers’ Performance on Computer-Based Test and Paper-Based Test Across Different CEFR Levels

Computer-based test (CBT) and paper-based test (PBT) are two test modes to the test takers that have been widely adopted in the field of language testing or assessment over the last few decades. Due to the rapid development of science and technology, it is a trend for universities and educational institutions striving rather hard to deliver the test on a computer. Therefore, research on the comparison between these two test modes has attracted much attention to investigate whether the PBT could be completely replaced. At the same time, task difficulty is always a key element to reflect test takers’ performances. Numerous studies have laid a solid foundation and guidance about the comparative study of test takers’ performance on CBT and PBT, but there still remains a scarcity from the perspective of task difficulties with different Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) task levels in particular. This study, therefore, compared the test takers’ performance on both CBT and PBT across tasks with different CEFR levels. A total of 289 principal recommended high school test takers from Macau took the pilot Test of Academic English (TAE) at a local university. The results indicated that there was a difference between test takers’ performance on different test modes across different CEFR levels, but only CEFR A2 level showed a statistically difference between CBT and PBT. And since science and technology are continuously developing, it is essential for the university to consider switching the test mode from PBT to CBT.
Applied Anatomy and Computed Tomography of the Abdominal Wall of the Dog

The aim of our work was to provide a detailed anatomy of the abdominal wall of the hybrid dogs with concerning to the canalis inguinalis of both sexes. The abdominal muscles, the obliquus externus and internus abdominis, transversus abdominis and rectus abdominis muscles were dissected. The nerves of the abdominal wall, nerve costoabdominalis, nerve iliohypogastricus cranialis, nerve iliohypogastricus caudalis, nerve ilioinguinalis and nerve cutaneus femoris lateralis were investigated. The arteries of the abdominal wall, artery epigastrica cranialis, artery epigastrica caudalis, artery circumflexa ilium profunda, artery costoabdominalis dorsalis, artery abdominalis cranialis, artery abdominalis caudalis, artery epigastrica cranialis superficialis and artery epigastrica caudalis superficialis were demonstrated. Our results recorded that artery abdominalis cranialis gave cranial and caudal branches; the cranial branch accompanied the lateral ramus of nerve costoabdominalis. The cutaneous branch of nerve ilioinguinalis accompanied the branch that originated from the artery circumflexa ilium profunda and passed through the fascia of the thigh until the level of the stifle joint region. In two cases, we found that, there was a connecting branch between the lateral ramus of nerve iliohypogastricus caudalis and the lateral ramus of the nerve ilioinguinalis. The lateral boundary of the canalis inguinalis was formed by the aponeurosis of the muscle obliquus externus abdominis, while the medial boundary was formed by the lateral surface of the muscle rectus abdominis and it was directed caudolaterally.
Education and inequality in digital opportunities : differences in digital engagement among Finnish lower and upper secondary school students

The purpose of this work is to broaden the debate on digital technology in education by emphasising the digital affordances enabled by these technologies instead of focusing on the integration of digital devices and learning materials and digital pedagogy into educational practices. Digital action potentials are not equally open to everyone, requiring the scrutinisation of digital inequality as a relative issue limiting the abilities of individuals to benefit from these opportunities. In the context of education, this dissertation concentrates on the social structures affecting the unequal distribution of digital engagement which determines individual's positioning in relation to digital affordances. These theoretical backgrounds construe the following research questions: To what extent do social structures, specifically gender, age, and educational choices, determine the digital engagement of 12–22-year-old Finns? And, to what extent and in what ways does digital engagement accumulate, as exhibited by certain individuals more than others among Finnish lower and upper secondary school students? An empirical part answering these questions consist of five original articles utilising two samples of Finnish lower and upper secondary school students. In total, the 11,820 students' digital usage habits and digital skills are analysed through multivariate statistical methods. Gender as a social category appears to be producing differences in students’ digital engagement. The results indicate that gender differences in digital engagement among Finnish lower and upper secondary school students are largely domain-specific and related to gendered preferences and interests. In other words, tendencies towards the ways of experiencing digital technology and potential digital affordances appear to be gendered. Because the patterns of these preferences appear clearly in the data concerning lower and upper secondary school students, they are likely to develop during the early years of childhood and youth. Age, even among young people, has an impact on both digital skills and usage. The importance of age as an independent variable is explained by the increasing versatility of students’ use of digital technology as they grow older. It is the diversity of digital experiences, in particular, that enriches young people's digital
Learners’ Perception of an Institution’s Reputation: Quantitative Evidence from the OUM 2014 Tracer Study

The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between curriculum, assessment system, teaching staff, facilities, knowledge and skills, effectiveness of study programmes against the learners' perception of the institution’s reputation at Open University Malaysia (OUM). The data was derived from an online tracer study conducted by the Ministry of Education (MOE), Malaysia via a set of standard questionnaire, which in part, evaluates the responses from Malaysian graduates on the reputation of their alma maters. This paper presents the results of the study conducted on a total of 1,273 respondents of the 2014 batch of OUM graduates. A total of 933 usable data from the online survey was used for analysis. Focus group discussion was undertaken to provide justification for the content validity of the instrument. A regression analysis was conducted and the result shows that assessment system, teaching staff, and effectiveness of study programmes have a significant effect on learners' perception of the institution’s reputation. [ABSTRACT BY AUTHORS]
Living - Donor Liver Transplantation at King Hussein Medical Center : Donor Complications and Outcome in the First 100 Donors

Objective: To present our experience in the first 100 live liver-donors done at King Hussein Medical Center with emphasis on donor postoperative complications and possible risk factors predisposing to complications. Methods: Over a period of 11 years 100 live-liver donors underwent surgery. Demographic, clinical and perioperative data of these donors were collected. Postoperative complications were registered and classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Statistical analysis was used to identify potential patients’ or grafts’ factors associated with complications. Results: The mean age of donors was 30.71±7.17 and mean body mass index was 24.50± 2.56. Three procedures were abandoned after laparotomy. 71 underwent right hepatectomy, 12 right hepatectomy with inclusion of middle hepatic vein, 11 left hepatectomy and 3 left lateral sectorectomy. The overall complication rate was 36% with most of these being minor grade I and II (26%) complications. 9 patients developed grade III complications while one patient had grade IVa. The mortality rate was zero. Older age and higher body mass index were identified as potential risk factors for complications. Gender, graft type, estimated future liver remnant, inclusion of middle hepatic vein and preoperative biochemical profile were not found in this study to correlate with occurrence of complication. Conclusion: Strict donor selection and meticulous surgical procedure remain the only modifiable factors in donor hepatectomy. Continuous transparent clinical audit is mandatory to identify potentially preventable adverse outcomes.