Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ionospheric storm time dynamics as seen by GPS tomography and in situ spacecraft observations

[1] During major geomagnetic storms anomalous enhancements of the ionospheric density are seen at high and middle latitudes. A number of physical mechanisms have been invoked to explain these storm time density anomalies including an expansion of high-latitude electric plasma convection to midlatitudes, thermospheric neutral winds, and changes in the ionospheric composition. However, it remains unclear which mechanism plays the dominant role in the formation of storm time density anomalies, partly because of insufficient coverage of the measurements of global electric convection and thermospheric winds at midlatitudes. This paper describes a novel technique for extracting the storm time E × B convection boundary from in situ measurements of plasma bulk motion obtained by LEO DMSP satellites. The convection boundary estimated from the DMSP data during major magnetic storm of 20 November 2003 has been compared with the global distributions of the ionospheric plasma deduced from characteristics of GPS signals acquired by a ground-based network of GPS receivers. The tomographic inversion of GPS data using a three-dimensional time-dependent inversion technique reveals the spatial and temporal evolution of the storm time density anomaly. Comparison between the tomographic reconstructions of the ionospheric plasma distributions and in situ DMSP measurements of plasma bulk motion suggests that the convective flow expanded low enough in latitude to encompass, in part, the formation of the midlatitude TEC anomaly. Some features of the TEC dynamics observed during the 20 November 2003 storm, however, suggest that mechanisms other than the expanded ionospheric convection (such as thermospheric neutral winds) are also involved in the formation of the midlatitude anomaly.
survival status and predictors of mortality among severely acute malnourished children  5 years of age admitted to stabilization centers in gedeo Zone: a retrospective cohort

ethiopia Abstract: Despite the existence of standard protocol, many stabilization centers (SCs) continue to experience high mortality of children receiving treatment for severe acute malnutrition. Assessing treatment outcomes and identifying predictors may help to overcome this problem. Therefore, a 30-month retrospective cohort study was conducted among 545 randomly selected medical records of children  5 years of age admitted to SCs in Gedeo Zone. Data was entered by Epi Info version 7 and analyzed by STATA version 11. Cox proportional hazards model was built by forward stepwise procedure and compared by the likelihood ratio test and Harrell’s concordance, and fit-ness was checked by Cox–Snell residual plot. During follow-up, 51 (9.3%) children had died, and 414 (76%) and 26 (4.8%) children had recovered and defaulted (missed follow-up for 2 consecutive days), respectively. The survival rates at the end of the first, second and third weeks were 95.3%, 90% and 85%, respectively, and the overall mean survival time was 79.6 days. Age  24 months (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 2.841, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.101–7.329), altered pulse rate (AHR = 3.926, 95% CI = 1.579–9.763), altered temperature (AHR = 7.173, 95% CI = 3.05–16.867), shock (AHR = 3.805, 95% CI = 1.829–7.919), anemia (AHR = 2.618, 95% CI = 1.148–5.97), nasogastric tube feeding (AHR = 3.181, 95% CI = 1.18–8.575), hypoglycemia (AHR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.279–5.87) and treatment at hospital stabilization center (AHR = 4.772, 95% CI = 1.638–13.9) were independent predictors of mortality. The treatment outcomes and incidence of death were in the acceptable ranges of national and international standards. Intervention to further reduce deaths has to focus on young children with comorbidities and
Submarine evidence of the Aavatsmark and Dahl Glaciers fluctuations in the Kaffiøyra region, NW Spitsbergen

Although the terrestrial marginal zones of some glaciers on Spitsbergen are rela− tively well described, we are largely ignorant about the morphology of their submarine forefields. Initial reconnaissance of the forefields of the Aavatsmark and Dahl glaciers in the Kaffioyra region and soundings made in that of the Hans Glacier (southern Spitsbergen) indicate the occurrence of sea−floor push−moraines which can be as much as 3 m high. Their lateral separation is considered to denote annual recession rates. They appear to result from cyclical annual advances of ice−cliffs during winters when the deposits are risen up at the contact of the ice with the sea−floor. The development of the major forms may be related to surge. There is some evidence that certain elements in the sea−bed morphology date from the Little Ice Age (LIA). Key wor ds: Arctic, Svalbard, glacier, push−moraines.
trategies for the production of high-content fructo-oligosaccharides hrough the removal of small saccharides by co-culture or successive ermentation with yeast

Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) obtained by fermentation of sucrose may be purified at large-scale by continuous chromatography (Simulated Moving Bed: SMB). In order to improve the efficiency of the subsequent SMB purification, the optimization of the fermentative broth composition in salts and sugars was investigated. Fermentations conducted at reduced amount of salts, using Aureobasidium pullulans whole cells, yielded 0.63 ± 0.03 g of FOS per gram of initial sucrose. Additionally, a microbial treatment was proposed to reduce the amount of small saccharides in the mixture. Two approaches were evaluated, namely a co-culture of A. pullulans with Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and a two-step fermentation in which FOS were first synthesized by A. pullulans and then the small saccharides were metabolized by S. cerevisiae. o-culture uccessive fermentation accharomyces cerevisiae Assays were performed in 100 mL shaken flasks and further scaled-up to a 3 L working volume bioreactor. Fermentations in two-step were found to be more efficient than the co-culture ones. FOS were obtained with a purity of 81.6 ± 0.8% (w/w), on a dry weight basis, after the second-step fermentation with S. cerevisiae. The sucrose amount was reduced from 13.5 to 5.4% in total sugars, which suggests that FOS from this culture broth will be more efficiently separated by SMB.
Comparison of Joint Canada‐U.S. Ocean Wave Investigation Project synthetic aperture radar data with internal wave observations and modeling results

Comparisons are made of L band and X band SAR images with in situ measurements of surface currents and surface wave spectral perturbations for two of the Joint Canada-U.S. Ocean Wave Investigation Project internal wave data sets. Predicted and observed perturbations show agreement to within approximately a factor of 2 for L band, while the agreement at X band is much less satisfactory. Comparison of predicted microwave backscatter at X band with near-surface radar measurements indicates large discrepancies even when surface tilt and specular reflection effects are included in the model. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) X band modulations compare favorably with near-surface radar measurements for range-traveling internal waves, but for other directions, the SAR modulations are smaller than the near-surface radar measurements. Simultaneous X and L band SAR images show comparable internal wave modulations.
Early Cambrian braid‐delta deposits, MacKenzie Mountains, north‐western Canada

Latest Neoproterozoic to earliest Cambrian strata in north‐western Canada provide an example of a pre‐vegetation braid‐delta depositional system. Depositional environments represented in the succession include braided fluvial and braid‐delta distributary channels, aeolian dune fields and interdistributary lagoons/bays, as well as mouth bar, beach to shoreface, and prodelta to distal shelf settings. Three formations have been investigated: the Ingta Formation formed in wave‐dominated nearshore to offshore shelf environments with little or no apparent deltaic influence, whereas the overlying Backbone Ranges and Vampire formations contain an extensive record of braid‐delta deposits ranging from braidplain to distal prodelta facies. On the braid‐plain, river channels reached widths of up to several kilometres. Such channels terminated seaward in braid deltas that showed some shoreline protuberance and were characterized by fluvial‐dominated mouth‐bar deposition with lesser wave influence; wave‐dominated deltaic successions are rare in the succession. Interdeltaic areas were characterized by wave‐dominated prograding shorelines. Interdistributary lagoons probably formed primarily in abandoned distributary channels. Delta‐front/prodelta deposits are silt‐rich and contain abundant soft‐sediment deformation, including slumps. The deposits in these formations illustrate the significantly different nature of sedimentation prior to the advent of land plants. This is illustrated in the dominance of braided fluvial deposition and of silt‐rich offshore facies that may have resulted from enhanced aeolian transport of loess. The non‐actualistic effects of limited bioturbation and extensive microbial binding apparently exerted relatively little control on the distribution of facies. However, the absence of extensive bioturbation is manifest in pristine preservation of primary sedimentary structures, while the hypothesized latest Proterozoic‐earliest Cambrian decline in microbial binding may be reflected in the upward increase in the abundance of sole marks in the succession.
ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst

We study how the intersection between skin tone and sex shapes intergenerational mobility of economic resources in Mexico. Using two recent social mobility surveys, we estimate the rank persistence and transition matrices by sex combined with skin tone groups. First, we ﬁnd no di ﬀ erences in intergenerational mobility patterns between light-skin men and women. Second, the colorist mobility pattern observed in previous literature a ﬀ ects men and women di ﬀ erently. Namely, while women of intermediate and dark-skin tonalities have a lower expected rank than their light-skin peers, only men of the darkest tonalities su ﬀ er from the same penalization. Thirdly, women of intermediate and darker skin tones have lower persistence rates at the top of the distribution of economic resources than men of the same skin tonality.
ميحرلا نمحرلا اللها مسب Molecular Characterization of Pasteurella multocida Vaccine Strains By:

The present study was carried out to study the national haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine strains at their molecular level. The vaccine is bivalent contain Pasteurella multocida serotype E:2 and B:2. The vaccine strains were obtained from Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Product, Soba. Culture characteristic and colonial morphology was ascertained in common laboratory media. The bacterial strains were characterized by using sodium-dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SDSPAGE, western blotting and by using PCR for capsular serotyping. Firstly, the two strains were characterized by SDS-PAGE technique. The bacteria were cultured in liquid media, and then the bacterial whole cell lysates were prepared. SDS-PAGE was carried out for both strains and the proteins bands were stained with coomassie brilliant blue. Then the molecular weights of the proteins bands were determined; they were 175 kDa, 165 kDa, 150 kDa, 123 kDa, 102kDa, 90 kDa, 85 kDa, 70 kDa, 64 kDa, 60 kDa, 51 kDa, 42 kDa, 37 kDa, 22 kDa and16 kDa. The protein profiles of both vaccine strains were similar. P. multocida strains protein profiles were investigated by immunoblotting using specific hyperimmune sera prepared in rabbits. Immunostaining with enzyme conjugate was done after transfer of proteins in nitrocellulose acetate paper. Eight proteins in whole cell lysate, of approximately 175 kDa, 102 kDa, 90 kDa, 85 kDa, 70 kDa, 42kDa, 37 kDa, and 16 kDa, were recognized by the sera.
Cross-tropopause transport over the eastern Mediterranean

[1] The transport of air from the troposphere to the stratosphere over the eastern Mediterranean Sea and the neighboring countries up to the Black Sea is investigated, using a trajectory model and analyzed winds from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. It is found that in summer the upper troposphere in this region is influenced by both westerly winds in the Polar Front Jet (PFJ) and southerly winds at the western flank of the upper level anticyclones over the Arabian and Asian heat lows. The convergence of these airflows accelerates the horizontal wind and increases the horizontal and vertical wind shear, creating a jet streak within the Subtropical Jet Stream (STJ) and deep tropopause folds. Clear-air turbulence, caused by horizontal deformation and the vertical wind shear along the STJ, and consequently turbulent mixing of tropospheric and stratospheric air near the tropopause region, appears to contribute strongly to the cross-tropopause transport over the eastern Mediterranean in summer.
Modeling fine‐scale soil surface structure using geostatistics

There is widespread recognition that spatially distributed information on soil surface roughness (SSR) is required for hydrological and geomorphological applications. Such information is necessary to describe variability in soil structure, which is highly heterogeneous in time and space, to parameterize hydrology and erosion models and to understand the temporal evolution of the soil surface in response to rainfall. This paper demonstrates how results from semivariogram analysis can quantify key elements of SSR for such applications. Three soil types (silt, silt loam, and silty clay) were used to show how different types of structural variance in SSR evolve during simulated rainfall events. All three soil types were progressively degraded using artificial rainfall to produce a series of roughness states. A calibrated laser profiling instrument was used to measure SSR over a 10 cm × 10 cm spatial extent, at a 2 mm resolution. These data were geostatistically analyzed in the context of aggregate breakdown and soil crusting. The results show that such processes are represented by a quantifiable decrease in sill variance, from 7.81 (control) to 0.94 (after 60 min of rainfall). Soil surface features such as soil cracks, tillage lines and erosional areas were quantified by local maxima in semivariance at a given length scale. This research demonstrates that semivariogram analysis can retrieve spatiotemporal variations in soil surface condition; in order to provide information on hydrological pathways. Consequently, geostatistically derived SSR shows strong potential for inclusion as spatial information in hydrology and erosion models to represent complex surface processes at different soil structural scales.
Incoherent scatter radar‐FAST satellite common volume observations of upflow‐to‐outflow conversion

Incoherent scatter radar measurements from the Sondrestrom Research Facility and the European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard radar have been combined with all‐sky images, polar convection measurements, and FAST particle and field measurements to quantify the contribution of different magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling processes to the extraction efficiency of ions from the ionosphere. Upflowing ions are traced from their source vertically and horizontally to determine where and when they are likely to intersect the acceleration region observed by FAST. The duration and location of auroral emissions are used to estimate the size and duration of the acceleration region. The upflow‐to‐outflow efficiency is estimated for three periods of polar cap boundary intensifications and streamers during substorm recovery and steady magnetospheric convection. The extraction efficiency of conics ranges between 0.1%, for the lowest amplitude of broadband extremely low frequency waves, and 5%, for the highest‐amplitude waves sampled. Simultaneous measurements of all‐sky images and magnetic field‐aligned radar measurements show that the most intense ion upflux occurs adjacent to the boundary of intense electron precipitation characteristic of polar cap boundary intensifications and streamers, suggesting that the most efficient acceleration mechanisms couple ionospheric heating at F region altitude with dispersive Alfvén waves that grow from horizontal gradients in electric field and conductivity.
North Atlantic SSTs as a Link between the Wintertime NAO and the Following Spring Climate

AbstractIn this paper a potential seasonally lagged impact of the wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the subsequent spring climate over the European region is explored. Supported by the observational indication of the wintertime NAO–spring climate connection, a modeling approach is used that employs the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) as a stand-alone model and that is also coupled with a mixed layer ocean in the North Atlantic. Both observational and modeled data indicate a pattern of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in North Atlantic as a possible link between wintertime NAO and climate anomalies in the following spring. The SST pattern is associated with wintertime NAO and persists through the following spring. It is argued that these SST anomalies can affect the springtime atmospheric circulation and surface conditions over Europe. The atmospheric response is recognized in observed as well as in modeled data (mean sea level pr.
STRATIGRAPHY OF THE MERGUI BASIN, ANDAMAN SEA: IMPLICATIONS FOR PETROLEUM EXPLORATION

Nine formations from the Mergui Basin, Andaman Sea, are described in detail: the Ranong, Yala, Payang, Tai, Kantang, Surin, Trang, Thalang and Takua Pa Formations. Of these, the Ranong, Yala, Tai, Surin and Thalang are described for the first time, while the Payang, Kantang, Trang and Takua Pa are redefined and formally described. The Mergui Basin is a transtensional back-arc basin, which formed in the Oligocene due to the onset of steady and increasingly oblique convergence between the Indian and SE Asian Plates and the formation of associated strike-slip faults. The geological history of the Mergui Basin and surrounding areas is briefly summarised. Major similarities between the Mergui Basin and the petroleum-rich North Sumatra Basin are noted, and the petroleum potential of the Mergui Basin is briefly assessed.
Estimation of the impact of I/O forwarding on application performance

: In high performance computing architectures, the I/O forwarding technique is often used to alleviate contention in the access to the shared parallel ﬁle system servers. Intermediate I/O nodes are placed between compute nodes and these servers, and are responsible for forwarding requests. In this scenario, it is important to properly distribute the number of available I/O nodes among the running jobs to promote an eﬃcient usage of these resources and improve I/O performance. However, the impact diﬀerent numbers of I/O nodes have on an application bandwidth depends on its characteristics. In this report, we explore the idea of predicting application performance by extracting information from a coarse-grained aggregated trace from a previous execution, and then using this information to match each of the application’s I/O phases to an equivalent benchmark, for which we could have performance results. We test this idea by applying it to ﬁve diﬀerent applications over three case studies, and ﬁnd a mean error of approximately 20%. We extensively discuss the obtained results and limitations to the approach, pointing at future work opportunities.
Self-supervised adaptation for on-line script text recognition

We have recently developed in our lab a text recognizer for on-line texts written on a touch-terminal. We present in this paper several strategies to adapt this recognizer in a self-supervised way to a given writer and compare them to the supervised adaptation scheme. The baseline system is based on the activation-verification cognitive model. We have designed this recognizer to be writer-independent but it may be adapted to be writer-dependent in order to increase the recognition speed and rate. The classification expert can be iteratively modified in order to learn the particularities of a writer. The best self-supervised adaptation strategy is called prototype dynamic management and gets good results, close to those of the supervised methods. The combination of supervised and self-supervised strategies increases accuracy again. Results, presented on a large database of 90 texts (5,400 words) written by 38 different writers are very encouraging with an error rate lower than 10%.
1 Design , Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Alkoxycarbonyl-3-Anilinoindoles as a New Class of Potent Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization

Ro m a g noli, Ro m eo, P r e ncipe, Filippo, Oliva, Paola, Kima t r ai S alvador, M a ri a, Bra nc ale, Andr e a , Fe rla , S alva to r e ORCID: h t t p s ://o rcid.o r g/000 0-0 0 0 2-5 9 1 89 2 3 7, H a m el, E r n e s t , Viola, Gia m pie t ro, Bor tolozzi, Rob e r t a , Pe r soons, Lee n tje, Balza rini, Jan, Lieke n s, S a n d r a a n d Sc hols, Dominiqu e 2 0 2 0. Design, syn t h e sis a n d biological ev alu a tion of 2-alkoxyca r bo nyl-3-a nilinoindole s a s a n e w cl as s of po t e n t inhibi to r s of t u b ulin polym e riza tion. Bioorg a nic Ch e mis t ry 9 7 , 1 0 3 6 6 5. 1 0.1 0 1 6/j.bioor g.20 2 0.10 3 6 6 5 file
Quantifying patterns of brain activity : distinguishing unaffected siblings from participants with ADHD and healthy individuals Running title : Quantifying patterns of brain activity

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Microthermal gradients and ecological implications in Dorset rivers

Microthermal gradients, involving significant variations in temperature over distances of a few centimetres to a few metres, were investigated in the water column and substratum of the River Frome and Bere Stream in Dorset, UK, which are groundwater dominated streams fed by chalk aquifers. In many of the sections surveyed, strong lateral contrasts of up to c. 7 °C were evident as a consequence of solar heating of shallow channel margin zones and thin surface layers isolated by floating vegetation from the main body of flow. Shading by instream, emergent and riparian vegetation, and by river banks also caused significant microthermal gradients in the water column. Detailed logging of temperatures in the substratum at selected sites revealed damping of variation with increasing depth below the bed surface, seasonal reversal in bed temperature gradients and considerable local variation in the substratum temperature profiles of a pool-riffle sequence. The latter did not conform to the pattern expected from advective heat transfer associated with downwelling of water at the riffle head and upwelling at the tail, and measurements of interstitial flow velocities and particle size suggested more complex flow circulation and heat transfer. There was some evidence that the microthermal gradients identified were of ecological significance. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.