Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supplemental material: Conditional Linear Regression

Our algorithm works primarily on terms: we consider the terms {tj}j=1 to be atomic sets of data, whose weights |tj | are the number of points (or probability mass) satisfying the terms. The ideal condition {x : c∗(x) = 1} is denoted by Igood; we also use Igood to denote the collection of terms of the DNF c∗: {ti : ti is a term of c∗}, so the number of terms in Igood is t. From the perspective of Charikar et al. (2017), we treat Igood as our “good data,” with the other points being arbitrary bad data. The algorithm computes regression parameters wj for each term tj , and clusters these parameters. The parameters are iteratively recomputed in a coordinate system centered on each of the clusters; since the quality of the approximation we obtain scales with the radius of the parameter space we consider, this centering improves the quality of the estimates we obtain. Eventually, our algorithm is going to suggest a list of candidate parameters ŵ, with one of them approximating w∗. Then, using the residuals of each candidate ŵ as labels, we learn a corresponding ĉ and evaluate its quality in order to select a good pair to output. Towards realizing this strategy, we need to compute approximations to the regression parameters that are not too impacted by the presence of terms outside the desired DNF.
VOTING, CIVIC DUTY AND TRANSACTION COSTS IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES

This paper examines the determinants of electoral participation. We analyze attitudes to both referenda and voting in national elections. Sample survey data are obtained from the Eurobarometer survey of transition countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The empirical results suggest that electoral participation increases with age, income and education. But attitudinal variables, associated with civic duty, are also important and in particular confidence in the free market economy and satisfaction with the general development of the country impact positively on electoral participation. JEL Classification: H26, K42.
Investigating the Peer Effect of Corruption*

When an individual believes that the majority of peers behave in a corruptive manner, is he/she more likely to corrupt? And if so, then what motivates an individual to follow the behavior of others more: knowing that the majority behaves in a corruptive manner or the willingness to fulfill the expectations of one’s peers? I use a one-shot reverse public goods experiment to provide answers to these questions. In the experiment, subjects have an opportunity to withdraw money from a Common Pool. Withdrawal of money benefits the subject but imposes small externalities on each member of the group. Before they make their withdrawal decision, I manipulate subjects’ beliefs about the behavior of other participants. I also investigate which type of expectations, empirical or normative, influences the choice to adopt corruptive behavior more. The results suggest the existence of a peer effect of corruption. Empirical expectations are found to be the main source of anti-social behavior of subjects.
Investors Have Feelings Too

We experimentally investigate the relationship between an investor and a project manager. Project managers choose from a pool of projects, the success probabilities of which are uncertain. Information about the future success probability of a project is gained by observing its outcome. Investors can change projects, but also have to change project managers if they want to do so. An additional joint project or a voluntary transfer precedes their interaction. We hypothesize that investors favor projects that are managed by project managers with whom they have shared positive experiences in the past, even though these past experiences do not provide any information about a project’s success probability. The role of this social element is isolated using a control treatment in which the role of the project manager does not exist. Interaction through a voluntary transfer plays a clear and significant role in the investors’ decision making, whereas the influence of merely sharing a positive or negative experience proves more complex.
University of Glasgow Terrier Team at the TREC 2019 Deep Learning Track

For TREC 2019, we focus on combining deep learning methods with traditional information retrieval methods, by using deep learning score as an extra feature in the re-ranking process. In particular, we explore the effectiveness of using deep learning techniques based on the state-of-the-art BERT contextual language models, as well as taking into account alternative query reformulations in the re-ranking process. We submitted three runs to the document ranking task: ( uogTrDNN6LM , uogTrDSS6pLM , and uogTrDSSQE5LM ) where all three runs deploy deep learning method and the LambdaMART learning-to-rank method. Our results show that uogTrDNN6LM is competitive, performing above the TREC median in terms of MAP and NDCG, yet a simple untrained DFR query expansion run was more effective.
IDST at TREC 2019 Deep Learning Track: Deep Cascade Ranking with Generation-based Document Expansion and Pre-trained Language Modeling

This paper describes our participation in the passage and document ranking tasks of TREC 2019 Deep Learning Track. We propose a two-stage cascade ranking pipeline by taking the advantages of sequence-to-sequence generation and pre-trained language modeling. Firstly, we use a simple and effective index-based method to retrieve a collection of candidate passages. To overcome the vocabulary mismatch problem, we propose a query generation method for document expansion based on the pointer-generator model, where each passage is expanded with a set of generated queries for higher recall in the retrieval of candidate passages. Then we pre-train a BERT language model with a new sentence prediction objective, and adopt a pointwise ranking strategy for re-ranking the remained candidate passages. Our cascade ranking method achieves the best results among all participants on both the passage ranking and document ranking tasks, according to the official evaluation metric NDCG@10.
From “ heroes working in the public interest ” to “ guerriglieri del web ” : The Role of Culture in British , Italian and German Editorials Addressing the NSA Scandal

Opinion discourse can be regarded as an encounter of different, partially contradictory relationships between discourse participants constructed through the editorial voice. The author tries to establish a consensus over the negotiated matter with the reader, while at the same time claiming authority over the correct description and evaluation of an event. One very polarizing topic is the issue of global surveillance and whistleblowing. More intriguing, however, is the way editorialists get their opinions across. To what extent does the social context of a news culture influence the selection of topics, the perspective and the expression of opinion? The research project presented in this paper attempts to give insights into the role that culture plays in designing editorials in Britain, Italy and Germany. The aim of this paper is to present a model of how culture-induced style differences can be made empirically measurable and comparable.
Exploring the Consistency of Segment-level and Video-level Predictions for Improved Temporal Concept Localization in Videos

Compared with the previous video-level classiﬁcation, the YouTube-8M video understanding challenge of 2019 mainly focuses on temporally localizing the entities from videos. Speciﬁcally, human-veriﬁed segment-level annotations are provided for learning temporal localization models. This paper mainly introduces our system designed for the challenge. Speciﬁcally, we consider utilizing the consistency between segment&video-level predictions and en-sembling different feature aggregation methods, such as variants of NetVLAD, Soft-Bag-of-Feature, Gated-Bag-of-Feature, Fisher Vector and Average Pooling. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our system on this task. Equipped with the proposed system, we achieve 0.82620 in terms of MAP@100,000, ranking 2-nd among all submissions in the challenge.
Guideline for Survey, Investigation, and Design of Black Spot Location (SID-BSL) and Its Application in Lampung Province, Indonesia

In connection with the government's obligation to take responsibility for ensuring the safety of traffic and road transport for road users, it is necessary to conduct Surveys, Investigations, and Design of Black Spot Location (SID-BSL) to reduce traffic accident. Hence a guideline in conducting SID-BSL is needed. In this study, the author compiled a simple technique of prioritization for SID-BSL procedure and applies it to a research on National Roads in the Lampung Province. The technique of prioritization is simplified with four phase activities namely Preparation, Initial Analysis, Detail Survey, and Detail Analysis. The analysis technique is based on the ranking of Black Spot Locations using weighted accident number (WAN). Application procedure is applied on 237 events of accident on the National Roads in Lampung Province resulting five selected BSLs to be treated according to the availability of funds.
UCSD MOLECULE PAGES Cdc7l1

Cdc7 (Cell division cycle 7), also known as Hsk1 in fission yeast, is an important serine/threonine kinase, whose sequence is conserved from yeasts to mammals. The kinase activity of Cdc7 is regulated during the cell cycle by an activation subunit Dbf4 (also known as Dfp1/Him1 in fission yeast and ASK in mammals,) via heterodimer formation between the two. Cdc7 was first identified in budding yeast as a temperature-sensitive mutant (cdc7ts) defective in cell cycle progression. The budding yeast cdc7ts cells arrest immediately before the onset of S phase at the non-permissive temperature, but resume growth and complete S phase in the absence of ongoing protein synthesis upon return to the permissive temperature. Cdc7 plays a conserved, pivotal role in triggering origin firing through phosphorylation of MCM (mini-chromosome maintenance) proteins. It facilitates the loading of Cdc45 and other replisome factors onto the pre-replicative complex, to generate active replication forks. In addition, it regulates other chromosomal transactions including DNA damage checkpoint, meiotic recombination, bypass DNA synthesis and histone functions. Selective induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells, but not in normal fibroblasts, after Cdc7 inhibition has provoked the effort in the development of Cdc7 inhibitors as potential anti-cancer drugs. Indeed, studies to date have suggested human Cdc7 as a new promising target in cancer therapy.
Book Reviews: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Long-Range Policy Planning in Education. Paris, France: Author, 1973. 391 pp. $7.75

AB üyeliğine hazırlanan Orta ve Doğu Avrupa ülkelerinin kamu alımları alanındaki düzenlemeleri Avrupa Konseyi’nin “Kamu Alımları Direktifleri”yle uyumlu hale getirilmelidir. Kamu alımlarına ilişkin AB düzenlemeleri, ayrıca, ihtilafların çözümüne ilişkin iki Direktifi de (“Remedies Directives”) kapsamaktadır. “İhtilafların Çözümüne İlişkin Direktifler” (kısaca İhtilaf Direktifleri), öngördükleri inceleme usulleriyle, doğru ve şeffaf bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmeyen kamu alımlarındaki aksaklıkların düzeltilmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. İhtilafların Çözümüne İlişkin Direktifler’in genel amacı, etkin ve hızlı düzeltim usullerinin oluşturulmasıdır.
In People we Trust

We analyse the determinants of personal trust using World Values data. To a considerable extent the same factors determine trust in developing countries as richer ones. Thus the state of democracy, health and age impact on interpersonal trust in all countries and in general for different groups within society as does latent trust. However, we find only partial evidence for a systematic impact of religion on trust. The evidence does suggest that Catholic countries are less trusting than non Catholic ones and vice versa for Muslim countries, but the impact of Protestantism appears context specific.
Long term mental health effects of the 2004 tsunami : A prospective study of Norwegian tourists exposed to the disaster

Objective To study changes in religious beliefs and pre- dictors of such changes in a community sample exposed to a natural disaster, and to investigate whether religiosity was linked to post-disaster mental distress or life satisfaction. Methods An adult population of 1,180 Norwegian tourists who experienced the 2004 tsunami was surveyed by a postal questionnaire 2 years after the disaster. Data inclu- ded religiosity, disaster exposure, general psychopathol- ogy, posttraumatic stress and life satisfaction. Results Among the respondents, 8% reported strength- ening and 5% reported weakening of their religious beliefs. Strengthening was associated with pre-tsunami mental health problems (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.12–2.95) and post- traumatic stress (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.22–2.16). Weaken- ing was associated with younger age (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96–1.00) and posttraumatic stress (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.23–2.41). Two years after the tsunami, 11% of the sample considered themselves to be positively religious. There were no significant differences in posttraumatic stress, general psychopathology or life satisfaction between religious and non-religious groups. Conclusions Religion did not play an important role in the lives of Norwegian tsunami survivors in general. Respondents who had the greatest disaster exposure were more likely to report changes in religious beliefs in both directions. Religious beliefs did not prevent post-disaster long-term mental distress, and religiosity was not related to higher levels of life satisfaction.
Honest and Lying Types

The literature on migratory typing presents many strategies for mixing typed and untyped code. Two 5 strategies, natural and transient , are especially interesting because they guarantee type soundness and 6 do not limit the expressiveness of untyped code. Despite these commonalities, however, the strategies 7 oﬀer vastly diﬀerent guarantees and performance tradeoﬀs. Their complementary strengths suggest the 8 need for a combination. 9 My work to date has developed novel methods for understanding the semantics and performance of 10 migratory typing systems. I propose to leverage this expertise to: (1) design a semantics that supports 11 interoperability between natural and transient, (2) implement the semantics
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Nanorods as Antimicrobial Agents: Particle Size Influence

The aim of this study is to find out about the antibacterial activity of a variety of ZnO nanostructures, along with their derivative nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and nanorods (ZnO NRs) against numerous clinic strains of Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella typhi (S. typhi), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) as well as Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumonia (Strept. pneumonia) bacteria. ZnO NPs and ZnO NRs were efficiently synthesized by using sol-gel and hydrothermal strategies, respectively. Various properties, consisting of the morphology, structure and optical, had been described by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy analysis. This check was performed in Mueller-Hinton agar. The impact of different particle sizes and morphologies of ZnO nanomaterials on the growth of bacteria was measured. In the antibacterial assay, each type of ZnO nanostructure showed effective inhibition. The findings showed that ZnO NRs exhibited more efficient antibacterial activity than that of ZnO NPs agents. This was once the case for both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria. Hence, the study indicated that the antibacterial of ZnO NRs against Strept. Pneumonia was similar to those for S. typhi. However, depending on the particle size effect of ZnO nanostructure, it was found that ZnO NPs showed much less antibacterial activity towards S. typhi than ZnO NRs did.
Integration of a step gauge measurement capability at the PTB Nanometer Comparator – concept and preliminary tests

To meet the increasing uncertainty demands for the calibration of tactile coordinate measuring machines the PTB aims to provide calibrated artefacts with an uncertainty in the range of 30 nm. Therefore, the Nanometer Comparator will be upgraded with a tactile sensor system to add the capability to measure step gauges. A concept of the integration of a tactile sensor into the machine setup is presented and two different sensors were analysed by repetitively contacting a gauge block face. With a sensor based on a silicon flexure and two fibre interferometers a (1) repeatability of less than 7 nm was achieved.
Zoonotic Transmission of mcr-1 Colistin Resistance Gene from Small-Scale Poultry Farms, Vietnam

We investigated the consequences of colistin use in backyard chicken farms in Vietnam by examining the prevalence of mcr-1 in fecal samples from chickens and humans. Detection of mcr-1–carrying bacteria in chicken samples was associated with colistin use and detection in human samples with exposure to mcr-1–positive chickens.
How Much Sodium Should We Eat?

Introduction: Sodium, an important dietary requirement, is essential to many physiologic processes. High sodium intake affects serious health issues such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease, the largest cause of death globally. Consequently, many health organizations have recommended substantial reductions in sodium intake, to as little as 1,500 mg/d. Yet limited understanding exists for the entire range of the effect of sodium between high intake and the recommendations. Methods: We built a simulation using equations from the Uttamsingh model of the renal system to simulate the long-term mean arterial pressure (MAP) across sodium intake ranges. We used another existing physiology simulation platform, HumMod-3.0. 4, for comparison. We compared the simulation results with empirical studies done on the global population. Results: We find a linear increase in MAP for consumption above 4,000 mg/d, but nearly constant MAP between 1,200 and 4,000 mg/d. Below 1,200 mg/d, the system cannot maintain homeostasis. Conclusion: Supporting the U-shape theory of sodium intake, which posits that too-high and too-low sodium intake rates increase cardiovascular disease risks, our results suggest that the homeostatic regulation by antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone transitions from sodium retention to sodium excretion at around 4,000 mg/d (a value that varies across individuals and conditions), indicating sodium saturation and evolutionary optimality. Our findings are consistent with recent empirical studies on large populations globally. We suggest that the current low-level recommendations are not supported by this physiologic model analysis and would require more compelling evidence.
PERCEIVED SECURITY, SUBJECTIVE NORM, SELF-EFFICACY, INTENTION, AND ACTUAL USAGE TOWARDS E-PAYMENT AMONG UPM STUDENTS

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors contributing to the intention to adopt e-payment among students of Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). This research focuses on perceived security, subjective norm and self-efficacy as the independent variables developed based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The relationships between variables with the intention to adopt e-payment are then explored in this study. Next, the correlation between intention to adopt e-payment and the actual usage of e-payment is also examined. In addition, the gender difference in the intention to adopt e-payment among UPM students is determined in this research. A total of 200 UPM students participated in this study which they are drawn by using systematic sampling. The data are collected through a set of self-administered questionnaire. The findings demonstrate that UPM students have moderate level of perceived security towards e-payment system. However, the subjective norm and self-efficacy of UPM students regarding e-payment are of high level. Meanwhile, UPM students have a high level of intention to adopt e-payment but only moderate level for the actual usage of e-payment. This study further finds out that there is no gender difference in the intention to adopt e-payment among UPM students. Lastly, the findings of this study conclude that perceived security (r=0.620, p=0.000), subjective norm (r=0.0.269, p=0.000) and self-efficacy (r=0.264, p=0.000) are significantly related to intention to adopt e-payment among UPM students. Meanwhile, the intention to adopt e-payment has strong positive effect on the actual usage of e-payment (r=0.708, p=0.000). Therefore, it will help the e-payment service providers, industry players, policy makers and consumers in determining the key predictors of intention to adopt e-payment. Future researches are recommended to also study about the adoption on business side and take into account of other factors for more comprehensive understanding on intention to adopt e-payment among consumers
Time-constrained access control for mobile devices

In this thesis, a novel concept to unlock smartphones was elaborated. It enables an alternative time-constrained session on the smartphone for short access. Before the concept was developed, existing research about smartphone usage, unlock behaviors and non-standard unlock methods was explored. The final concept was implemented as an installable Android application afterwards. The prototype application called SnapApp combines the two already known unlock methods PIN and slide-to-unlock in one lockscreen. The user can decide to either get full access by prompting PIN or to get constrained short access by using slide-to-unlock. A longitudinal field study was conducted by installing the prototype on the smartphones of 18 participants, who tested the new lockscreen for a duration of 30 days. Results revealed that SnapApp was able to reduce PIN prompts by 20% in total, which also saved valuable time. The security was not impaired, as the majority of the users has individually configured the maximum session lengths, the expirations of available short sessions and the blacklists, which contain apps protected of usage during short access. This was also confirmed by the feedback questionnaires of the study. SnapApp can be adapted to different user needs and was thereby equally accepted by PIN, pattern and swipe users. Besides, the prototype requires no further hardware or sensors and can thus be installed on any Android smartphone.
The semantic relationship between movement and enjoyment in groovy music: an ERP study

The desire to move while listening to music, referred to as groove, is a widely observed phenomenon. Groove is thought to be associated with enjoyment such that music that makes people want to move typically is highly enjoyed. Ratings between groove and enjoyment of music are strongly correlated however, people do not think of enjoyment when defining of groove. Given this discrepancy between these explicit tasks we investigated the relationship between groove and enjoyment using an implicit task, specifically semantic priming. We also recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) data to compare the N400 event related potential (ERP) components, a negative potential that indexes a semantic association between two stimuli. Music rated as high groove and low groove was followed by target words that were either related to moving, unrelated to moving, related to enjoyment or unrelated to enjoyment while participants completed a word discrimination task. The amplitudes of the N400 component were compared in a repeated measures ANOVA to determine if the musical stimuli primed for the target words. The analysis indicated an association between high groove music and enjoyment words, but no association between high groove music and movement words. This would indicate the groove and enjoyment are inherently connected and our definition of groove as being a desire to move to music may be imposed onto the music. Future research is need to explain why groove would not be associated with movement, despite being define by it. MOVEMENT AND ENJOYMENT IN MUSIC 3 The semantic relationship between movement and enjoyment in groovy music: an