Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying species and hybrids in the genus juglans by biochemical profiling of bark

The biochemical profiling of flavonoids in the bark of winter shoots was conducted with the purpose of ecological management of implicit environmental threats of invasions of the species of the genus Juglans and their hybrids under naturalization. Six species of Juglans, introduced into forests and parks of Kyiv, were studied, namely, J. ailantifolia Carriere, J. cinerea L. , J. mandshurica Maxim. , J. nigra L. , J. regia L. , and J. subcordiformis Dode, cultivar J. regia var. maxima DC. ′Dessert′ and four probable hybrids (♀J. subcordiformis × ♂J. ailantifolia; ♀J. nigra × ♂J. mandshurica; ♀J. cinerea × ♂J. regia and ♀J. regia × ♂J. mandshurica). Due to the targeted introduction of different duration, the invasive species are at the beginning stage of forming their populations, sometimes amounting to naturalization. The species-wise specificity of introduced representatives of different ages (from one-year-old seedlings to generative trees), belonging to the genus Juglans, was determined. J. regia and J. nigra are the richest in the content of secondary metabolites; J. cinerea and J. mandshurica have a medium level, and J. ailantifolia and J. subcordiformis-a low level. On the contrary, the representatives of J. ailantifolia and J. subcordiformis are the most diverse in the content of secondary metabolites. Hybrid forms are notable for the decreased content of flavonoids, which may have a considerable impact on their individual resistance and ecological flexibility. The latter circumstance should be considered in the ecological management of walnut plantings in Kyiv. The results of biochemical profiling of secondary metabolites from winter shoot bark demonstrated that six investigated species belonged to four sections: Juglans, Cardiocaryon, Rhysocaryon, and Trachycaryon. The hybrids were usually grouped by the sections, represented by the paternal component in the hybrid pair. However, recent results of complete genome sequencing were used by the scientists to prove a relevant evolutionary role of the phenomenon of hybridization in the genus Juglans between the species, separated in the modern areas between the American and Eurasian continents, in particular, the ones, introduced into the Kyiv plantings. The revealed genomic mosaicism forms a new impression about phylogenetic relations within the genus. The possibility of using the biochemical profiling of winter shoot bark for some utilitarian needs (including the determination of the content of useful biologically active substances and detecting the advantages of hybrids by their performance features) is discussed
Improving Patient Satisfaction in the Medical-Surgical Setting

Practice Problem: Patients’ experiences at hospitals are multidimensional, and their satisfaction with the service is linked to the quality of patient care provided. In evaluating the quality of care of a hospital, the nursing handoff of patients, and the engagement efforts of healthcare staff is an important element of patient satisfaction. PICOT: In adult medical-surgical patients, does the implementation of nursing bedside handoff reports, compared to the current method of nursing practice desk handoff reports, improve patient satisfaction scores by 10% within two months? Evidence: After reviewing 103 articles, 12 were relevant to this project, and included observation of an acute care setting and a focus on patient satisfaction. Intervention: The patients’ satisfaction and experience in the medical-surgical unit were measured by assessing the pretest and posttest evaluations with the Bradley inpatient (I-PAHC) and outpatient (O-PAHC) questionnaire. Outcome: The results of the paired sample t-test revealed that patients’ satisfaction levels with nurses (t (25) =-4.606, p < . 05) and satisfaction levels with physicians (t (25) = -6.024, p < . 05), both significantly improved after the intervention. In a regression model examining the relationship between the postintervention measure of nurse satisfaction and the overall hospital rating score, no clinical significance was noted between the two variables (R = 0.128, F (1, 24) = 3.538, p > . 05). Conclusion: The project illuminated the need to continue educating nurses bi-annually to sustain the hospital's practice change and improve patient satisfaction. Time for more interprofessional collaboration should be provided for staff to be able to balance their time between bedside care and other tasks to learn evidence-based techniques related to patient satisfaction.
Comparative Study of Different Ethiopian Propolis: In Vivo Wound Healing, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Physicochemical -Properties and Mineral Profiles

Introduction: Propolis is one of the natural beehive products and a sticky material pro-duced by honeybees to protect their hives from bacterial and fungal infections.Aim: The objective of this study is to investigate the wound healing, antioxidant, antibac-terial, physicochemical, and mineral profiles of propolis collected from three different regions in Ethiopia: Asela, Sheka, and Gambela.Methods: Physicochemical properties and mineral profiles were determined using stan-dard analytical methods; antibacterial examination was determined using the disk-diffusion method; antioxidant properties were examined using spectrophotometric method; and a rodent model was used to investigate the wound healing properties of propolis.Results: Ethiopian propolis has physicochemical properties, such as moisture (3.64%–6.69%), ash (2.05%–3.54%), soluble substances (45.28%–71.85%), insoluble substances (28.15%–54.74%), saponification value (82.27–127.89), conductivity (0.13–0.24), pH (4.82–5.49), waxes (7.80%–8.89%), acid value (10.07–35.14), ester value (63.84–107.03), and melting point (63.03–83.95). Minerals found in propolis were Na, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Co. The inhibition zone (mm) for the antibacterial properties range from 6.55 ± 0.20 to 10.21 ± 0.16 (water extract) and 7.09 ± 0.06 to 12.06 ± 0.03 (ethanol extracts). The phenolic contents of propolis in Asela, Sheka, and Gambela were 63.09 ± 3.55, 72.26 ± 7.65, and 82.07 ± 3.72 mg GAE/g, respectively. The flavonoid contents of propolis in Asela, Sheka, and Gambela were 24.42 ± 0.53, 17.26 ± 0.35 and 22.68 ± 0.94 mg QE/g, respec-tively, which also have good antioxidant activities. The inhibition concentration values of 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and ascorbic acid in propolis in Asela, Sheka, and Gambela were 18.13 ± 0.002, 12.17 ± 0.002, 22.07 ± 0.001 and 15.20 ± 0.002 (μgml−1), respectively. There was a significant difference between the four treatments. The wound area in propolis in Asela, Sheka, and Gambela (mm2) on day 14 was 0.51 ± 0.01, 0.60 ± 0.01, 0.49 ± 0.01, respectively. The highest wound improvement (%) was 84.49 ± 0.20 (propolis in Gambela), followed by propolis in Asela (83.75 ± 0.33) and Sheka (80.88 ± 0.32). Conclusion: Propolis collected from Ethiopia has various wound healing, antioxidant, antibacterial, physicochemical properties and mineral profiles. These properties and profiles make it a good candidate in the food industry, pharmaceutical industry, and in traditional healing practices.
Sickle Cell Anemia With Special Reference To Penicillin Prophylaxis In A Rural Hospital Of Central India

Research questions: clinical, epidemiological and Hematological characteristics of a cohort of children with sickle cell anemia attending a specialist out-patient clinic in a rural hospital? Objectives:1. To study the pattern, type and frequency of crises/ infections in sickle cell anemia children.2. To observe the effect of intervention (penicillin prophylaxis, folic acid, regular follow up) on the pattern of crisis and infections in disease 3. To study the hematological values in sickle cell anemia children at recruitment.4. To correlate hemoglobin and hematocrit values to number of crisis/ infections in disease.5. To study the effect of intervention on academic performance in disease.Study design: prospective studySetting: Study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, sawangi (wardha)Participants: Children up to14 years of age.Study variables: Age, sex, clinical profile. Hematological profile, scholastic performance, penicillin prophylaxisResults: A prospective study on 131 children revealed that 44.27% were of disease and 55.73% were traits. Most patients, in both disease and trait, belonged to the age group of 4-8 years comprising 47.32% of total patients. Patients of lower socio-economic status constitute the most common class in both in disease (67.24%) and trait patients (65.75%). Recurrent fever (51.14%) was the most common symptom in both group, Splenomegaly (44.27%) was the most common sign. Patients with sickle cell disease presented most commonly with vaso-occlusive crisis (51.72%) of which hand-foot syndrome was most common (20.69%). Hemoglobin less than 5gm% and age group 0-4yr is associated with highest number of crisis or infection but there is statistically significant decrease in episodes of crisis/infection following penicillin prophylaxis
Asymmetrical Social Influence in Freely Interacting Groups: A Test of Three Models

Using freely interacting mock juries, this study tested the predictions of 3 different models of social influence: social impact theory, the other-total ratio, and the social influence model. All 3 models use faction size as the basis for their predictions. On the basis of the predeliberation verdict preferences of 879 female students, groups were composed using all possible nonunanimous verdict compositions (e.g., 5 members for "guilty," 1 for "not guilty," etc.) for 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-person groups. Each group deliberated and reached a group verdict for an attempted murder case, and postdeliberation verdict and probability-of-guilt judgments were obtained from the individual group members. The results showed that faction size affected the relative amount of both majority and minority influence. However, faction size effects differed substantially depending on the verdict supported by the particular faction. Thus, the predictions of even the most accurate model could presumably be improved by modifications allowing for additional interpersonal factors. Social influence has played a central role in social psychology ever since its beginnings as an area of study (Allen, 1965; Moscovici, 1985). Much of the early work focused almost exclusively on majority influence or conformity (e.g., Asch, 1956; Festinger, 1954;Sherif, 1936). The results of this early research using communication-restricted environments clearly indicated how majorities can influence the opinions and behaviors of minorities. However, more recent research under somewhat similar conditions has demonstrated that minorities can influence majorities (Maass & Clark, 1984; Moscovici, 1976; Nemeth, 1986). The work on majority influence has tended to focus on social comparison processes (Festinger, 1954) and the greater magnitude of both informational and normative pressure that can be brought to bear by a majority, as compared to a minority (Deutsch & Gerard, 1955). Larger subgroups of people both contain more information and have a greater ability to apply negative sanctions to those who deviate from normatively cor
Effect of Different Types of Fertilizer Application on the Soil Fertility of Oil Palm Reclamation Soil under Polyculture System

To evaluate the effect of different fertilizer application on soil fertility under polyculture cropping system (okra, water spinach and yard long bean), a field experiment was conducted in the oil palm reclamation soil at the research farm in ICA UTM-Pagoh. There were five treatments involved which were: (T1) no fertilizer, (T2) organic fertilizer, (T3) inorganic fertilizer, (T4) organic inorganic compound fertilizer and (T5) organic + inorganic fertilizer. The initial and final soil samples were collected to study the effect of different types of commercial fertilizer application on soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture content, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio, soil organic matter (SOM), bulk density and nutrients (P and K) contents in the soil surface layer (0–15 cm) of the experimented site for 14 weeks. Results showed that the soil pH was the lowest with an average of 6.05 units in T5 and was significantly higher in T1 (8.23 units). The EC value in T5 is the highest with 172.4 ds/m and lowest in T1 with an average of 25.5 ds/m. T5 showed the highest soil moisture and soil organic matter with 15.81% and 4.01% respectively. The combine application of organic and inorganic fertilizers has increased SOC and TN values compared with the T1 (control) specifically, which resulted in 3.7% and 0.33% of SOC and TN concentrations, respectively (). Bulk density showed no significant different among all the treatment with the highest value was in T4 (1.22g/cm3) and lowest in T3(1.05g/cm3). The average amounts of C/N ratio ranged from 11.11 to 13.60 between all treatments with the highest ratio in T4 (13.6). The average P and K contents were highest in T5 (1564.7 mg/kg and 1056.2 mg/kg). Thus, it showed that the application with the mixture of organic and inorganic fertilizer (T5) improved the soil condition.
Capturing the Impact of 2018 European Drought and Heat Using OCO-2 Solar-Induced Fluorescence

The European heatwave of 2018 led to record-breaking temperatures and extremely dry conditions in many parts of the continent resulting in widespread decrease in agricultural yield, early tree-leaf senescence, and increase in forest fires in Northern Europe. Our study aims to capture the impact of the 2018 European heatwave on terrestrial ecosystem through the lens of a highresolution solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) data acquired from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) satellite. SIF is proposed to be a direct proxy for gross primary productivity (GPP) and thus can be used to draw inferences about changes in photosynthetic activity in vegetation due to extreme events. We explore spatial and temporal SIF variation and anomaly during spring and summer months across different vegetation types (agriculture, broadleaved forest, coniferous forest, and mixed forest) during the European heatwave of 2018 and compare it to non-drought conditions (most of Southern Europe). About one-third of Europe’s land area experienced a consecutive spring and summer drought in 2018. Comparing 2018 to mean (2015-2017) conditions, we found a change in intra-spring season SIF dynamics for all vegetation types, with lower SIF during the start of spring followed by an increase in fluorescence from mid-April. Summer, however, showed a significant decrease in SIF. Our results show that particularly agricultural areas were severely affected by the hotter drought of 2018. Furthermore, the intense heat wave in Central Europe showed about 31% decrease in SIF values during July and August as compared to the mean over three previous years. Furthermore, our MODIS and OCO-2 comparative results indicate that especially for forests, OCO2 SIF has a quicker response and possible higher sensitivity to drought in comparison to MODIS’s fPAR and NDVI when considering shorter reference periods, which highlights the added value of remotely sensed solar-induced fluorescence for studying the impact of drought on vegetation.
The GluK4 Kainate Receptor Subunit Regulates Mood, Memory and Excitotoxic Neurodegeneration

Though the GluK4 kainate receptor subunit shows limited homology and a restricted expression pattern relative to other kainate receptor subunits, its ablation results in distinct behavioral and molecular phenotypes. To study the function of GluK4, I generated a global GluK4 knockout mouse line by crossing a germline-expressed cre transgenic mouse line with a GluK4-floxed mouse line in which exon 16 of GRIK4, the gene encoding GluK4, was flanked by lox-P sites (floxed). Thorough characterization of GluK4 expression in the resulting knockout mice using RT-PCR and a custom-designed anti-GluK4 antibody revealed that GRIK4 mRNA expression persisted though GluK4 protein expression was ablated. In keeping with genome-wide studies in humans that have implicated GluK4 in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, I found that GluK4 mice displayed reduced anxiety, increased risk-taking behavior, reduced depressive behavior, impaired sensorimotor gating, and hyperlocomotion relative to wild-type mice. GluK4 knockout mice also demonstrated impaired fear memory and spatial memory. Furthermore, my findings indicate that GluK4 is a key mediator of excitotoxic neurodegeneration: GluK4 knockout mice showed robust neuroprotection in the Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA3) region of the hippocampus following intrahippocampal injection of kainate, a potent excitotoxin, and widespread neuroprotection throughout the hippocampus following hypoxia-ischemia. Molecular and biochemical analysis of kainate-and sham-treated wild-type and GluK4 knockout hippocampal tissue revealed that GluK4 may act through the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) pathway to regulate the molecular cascades that lead to excitotoxicity. Finally, I found preliminary evidence to suggest that GluK4 may regulate hippocampal seizure activity following intraperitoneal injection of kainate. Together, these findings suggest that GluK4 may be relevant to the understanding and treatment of human neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. To my family. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Much of the work described herein was performed in collaboration with Anna Kruyer, a fellow graduate student in the Strickland lab. Once she joined me on this project, the quality and efficiency with which experiments were executed increased exponentially. Her dynamic insight and deft bench skills were invaluable, as were her good humor and persistence in the face of disaster. Many of these experiments were two-person jobs; Anna often quietly took on the work of four. My mentor Sid Strickland gave me the latitude that I needed to pursue far-fetched ideas, and reigned me back in if I got off-course without saying I-told-you-so. His good humor, coupled with his sincere interest in his lab members, fostered such a welcoming lab environment that I knew I wanted …
The Midgut Ultrastructure of the Sand Fly Vector, Phlebotomus Langeroni (Diptera: Psychodidae)

The midgut ultrastructure of Phlebotomus langeroni, the vector of visceral leismaniasis was studied by the transmission electron microscope. The midgut region warrants a special investigation since it is directly relevant to the development of Leishmania promastigotes. Observations performed on females at time-intervals following a bloodmeal were analyzed and compared. The epithelium of the midgut consisted of a single layer of columner cells surrounded by the basal lamina. Under which there is a musculature consisted of circular and longitudinal fibers. The cells were characterized by large nuclei, densely packed microvilli, and intricate basal labyrinth. The cytoplasm was filled with numerous mitochondria. Morphological changes occurred in the cellular structures during the blood digestion process. The peritrophic matrix was present up to 3 days after the bloodmeal and completely disintegrated at day 4 after bloodmeal. At day 6 after bloodmeal, lipid inclusions were few within the cell cytoplasm and vacuoles were depicted. At day 8, the area of the microvilli was greatly reduced probably due to reduced functional activity along with the end of the digestive cycle. The changes depicted in the midgut of P. langeroni during the process of blood digestion were comparable to those described for other hematophagous dipterans.
Some Effects of Infrared Irradiation on the Mortality of Immature Insects in Kernels of Rough Rice

Samples of rough rice containing all stages of rice weevils, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), lesser grain borers, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), were treated with a gas-fired infrared heater. Various intensities of heat, irradiation periods, and ages of immature insects were employed and their effects on insect emergence determined. The rice weevil was most susceptible to infrared treatments, followed by the Angoumois grain moth, and the lesser grain borer was most resistant. The data indicated that emergence of all three species was stimulated by treatments at the lower temperatures. In the intermediate temperature range, emergence decreased as intensity increased. However, in the high temperature range, emergence was reduced as the intensity diminished. In the low temperature range, only the rice weevil showed a lower emergence as intensity was decreased.
Rational Design of a Triple-Layered Coaxial Extruder System: in silico and in vitro Evaluations Directed Toward Optimizing Cell Viability

Biofabrication is a rapidly evolving field whose main goal is the manufacturing of three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden constructs that closely mimic tissues and organs. Despite recent advances on materials and techniques directed toward the achievement of this goal, several aspects such as tissue vascularization and prolonged cell functionality are limiting bench-to-bedside translation. Extrusion-based 3D bioprinting has been devised as a promising biofabrication technology to overcome these limitations, due to its versatility and wide availability. Here, we report the development of a triple-layered coaxial nozzle for use in the biomanufacturing of vascular networks and vessels. The design of the coaxial nozzle was first optimized toward guaranteeing high cell viability upon extrusion. This was done with the aid of in silico evaluations and their subsequent experimental validation by investigating the bioprinting of an alginate-based bioink. Results confirmed that the values for pressure distribution predicted by in silico experiments resulted in cell viabilities above 70% and further demonstrated the effect of layer thickness and extrusion pressure on cell viability. Our work paves the way for the rational design of multi-layered coaxial extrusion systems to be used in biofabrication approaches to replicate the very complex structures found in native organs and tissues.
Is Autonomy Always Beneficial for Work Engagement? A Six-year Four-Wave Follow-Up Study

Work engagement is expected to result from job resources such as autonomy. However, previous results have yielded that the autonomy–work engagement relationship is not always particularly strong. Whereas previous longitudinal studies have examined this relationship as an average at a specific point in time, this study examined whether this relationship is different within individuals from one time to another over the years. Furthermore, experiences of work engagement are expected to affect how employees benefit from autonomy, but no studies have so far investigated whether the initial level of work engagement affects the autonomy–work engagement relationship. This study aimed to first identify the different kinds of longitudinal relationship patterns between autonomy and work engagement, and then to investigate whether the identified relationship patterns differ in terms of the initial mean level of work engagement. The four-wave study was conducted among Finnish managers (n = 329) over a period of six years. Multilevel regression mixture analysis identified five relationship patterns. Four of the patterns showed a positive predictive relationship between autonomy and work engagement. However, the relationship was statistically significant in only one of these patterns. Furthermore, when the initial mean level of work engagement was high, autonomy related more strongly to work engagement. However, an atypical pattern was identified that showed a negative association between autonomy and work engagement. In this pattern, the mean level of work engagement was low. Consequently, autonomy may not always enhance work engagement; sometimes this relationship may even be negative.