Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Domestic use of salt shows high salt consumption in Black Africans and Indian Asians associated with a very low awareness level of national salt guidelines.

The high risk of hypertension and CVD among ethnic groups in the UK poses a challenge to health professionals and researchers. Reports show that the South Asian and African–Caribbean populations in the UK have a higher risk of developing chronic diseases such as hypertension and/or blood pressure, diabetes, CVD, heart disease and kidney failure than the majority UK population (). Currently, there is no data to explain the higher risk of CVD in ethnic groups in the UK, and this makes it difficult to develop health promotion and public health messages designed for this population. In an effort to determine the reason for the observed increased risk of hypertension and CVD, the present survey was set up to measure the amount of salt used in cooking and added during eating by two ethnic groups (African–Caribbeans and Asians of Indian origin) for comparison with the reported domestic usage of salt in the general UK population, and to determine the level of awareness of guidelines on salt intake in these ethnic populations. A dietary survey questionnaire was designed and used to assess the domestic usage of salt among African–Caribbeans and Asians of Indian origin (120 subjects) in Leeds and surrounding areas. Identifying the subjects included booking appointments for interviews and giving out the questionnaires. The questionnaire had both quantitative and qualitative questions, most of which were closed ended questions. Subjects were recruited from churches, markets and hair dressing salons, being locations where the various ethnic groups in the UK could be identified and questionnaires could be handed in personally. In addition, a random selection of 16 families (40 individuals, mostly women) (12 children aged under 16 and 28 adults aged between 20 and 45 were given salt of their choice to use for a period of 2 weeks, after which the unused salt was collected for weight difference to establish the amount used. Of the respondents, 90% indicated that they always added salt during cooking, while 14% added salt on the table in addition to that added during cooking. 28% of the subjects used more than 8 g of salt in cooking alone (figure 1 below). The average amount of salt used in cooking was 7.24 g/d per individual excluding any ‘hidden’ salt intake from marinates, breakfast cereals and other foods.
Don’t Blame the Data, Blame the Model: Understanding Noise and Bias When Learning from Subjective Annotations

Researchers have raised awareness about the harms of aggregating labels especially in subjective tasks that naturally contain disagreements among human annotators. In this work we show that models that are only provided aggregated labels show low confidence on high-disagreement data instances. While previous studies consider such instances as mislabeled, we argue that the reason the high-disagreement text instances have been hard-to-learn is that the conventional aggregated models underperform in extracting useful signals from subjective tasks. Inspired by recent studies demonstrating the effectiveness of learning from raw annotations, we investigate classifying using Multiple Ground Truth (Multi-GT) approaches. Our experiments show an improvement of confidence for the high-disagreement instances.
PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI KOTA SERANG, PROVINSI BANTEN

Abstrak : Kota Serang mengalami perubahan fungsi dalam waktu relatif sangat singkat. Semula Serang merupakan kota kecamatan. Pada Tahun 2000, saat Provinsi Banten mekar dari Provinsi Jawa Barat, Serang berubah menjadi ibukota provinsi Banten. Pada Tahun 2007, Serang berubah lagi menjadi kota otonom. Perubahan tatus dari bukan kota menjadi kota berakibat pada perubahan orientasi pembangunan wilayah dari perdesaan menjadi perkotaan, sehingga lahan pertanian beririgasi teknsi yang subur terancam terkonversi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan penggunaan lahan kota Serang sebelum menjadi ibukota provinsi Banten, setelah menjadi ibukota provinsi Banten dan setelah menjadi kota otonom, dan memprediksi perubahan penggunaan lahan kota Serang hingga Tahun 2030 saat berakhirnya RTRW. Perubahan penggunaan lahan dianalisis melalui metode tumpang susun peta penggunaan lahan tahun 1993-2000, tahun 2000-2007, dan 2007-2016. Prediksi perubahan penggunaan lahan dilakukan dengan bantuan perangkat lunak NetLogo Versi 5.3. 1 dengan transisi perubahan penggunaan lahan tahun 2000-2007. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lahan sawah secara terus menerus mengalami pengurangan, dan sebaliknya lahan permukiman mengalami peningkatan. Laju perubahan pada Tahun 1993-2000 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan periode Tahun2000-2007 dan Tahun 2007-2016. Pada Tahun 2030 luas lahan sawah akan tersisa 6.679,85 ha dan lahan permukiman berkembang menjadi 6.316,96 ha. Bila tidak dilakukan pengendalian, lahan sawah diperkirakan akan habis terkonveri pada tahun 2068.
holsteins favor bull offspring Biased Milk Production as a Function of Fetal Sex, and Calving Difficulty

In a previous study from 2014 it was found that US Holstein cows that gave birth to heifer calves produced more milk than cows having bull calves. We wanted to assess whether this is also true for Danish cattle. Data from 578 Danish Holstein herds were analysed with a mixed effect model and contrary to the findings in the US, we found that cows produced higher volumes of milk if they had a bull calf compared to a heifer calf. We found a significantly higher milk production of 0.28% in the first lactation period for cows giving birth to a bull calf, compared to a heifer calf. This difference was even higher when cows gave birth to another bull calf, so having two bull calves resulted in a difference of 0.52% in milk production compared to any other combination of sex of the offspring. Furthermore, we found that farmer assisted calvings were associated with a higher milk yield. Cows with no farmer assistance or with veterinary assistance during the most recent calving produced less milk. There were also indications that dams would favor a bull fetus by decreasing milk production during the second pregnancy if the calf born in the first parity was a heifer. We hypothesize that size of calves is a confounding factor for milk production. However, calving weight was not available in the present data set to test this hypothesis.
Simple Approximation for Thermal Diffusion in Simple Approximation for Thermal Diffusion in Ionized Gas Mixtures Ionized Gas Mixtures

A simple approximation for thermal diffusion in gas mixtures was recently proposed [1]. This approximation was based upon relations valid for rigid spheres. It is therefore appropriate for molecules with steep repulsive potentials, but not for ionized species interacting via the Coulomb potential. Here we formulate an analogous approximation for ionized species and free electrons. The resulting thermal diffusion coefficients differ in sign from those for hard molecules
Targeted proteomic quantitation of NRF2 signaling and predictive Targeted proteomic quantitation of NRF2 signaling and predictive biomarkers in HNSCC biomarkers in HNSCC

The NFE2L2 (NRF2) oncogene and transcription factor drives a gene expression program that promotes cancer progression, metabolic reprogramming, immune evasion, and chemoradiation resistance. Patient strati ﬁ cation by NRF2 activity may guide treatment decisions to improve outcome. Here, we developed a mass spectrometry – based targeted proteomics assay based on internal standard – triggered parallel reaction monitoring to quantify 69 NRF2 pathway components and targets, as well as 21 proteins of broad clinical signi ﬁ cance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We improved an existing internal standard – triggered parallel reaction monitoring acquisition algorithm, called SureQuant, to increase throughput, sensitivity, and precision. Testing the optimized platform on 27 lung and upper aerodigestive cancer cell models revealed 35 NRF2 responsive proteins. In formalin-ﬁ xed paraf ﬁ n-embedded HNSCCs, NRF2 signaling intensity positively correlated with NRF2-activating mutations and with SOX2 protein expression. Protein markers of T-cell in ﬁ ltration correlated positively with one another and with human papilloma virus infection status. CDKN2A (p16) protein expression positively correlated with the human papilloma virus oncogenic E7 protein and con ﬁ rmed the presence of translationally active virus
Becker Digital

Purpose: Maternal depression and neighborhood characteristics are known to be associated both with each other and with adolescent mental health outcomes. These exposures are also subject to change throughout the life of a child. This study sought to identify multi-trajectories of maternal depression (MD) and self-reported neighborhood collective efﬁcacy (NCE) over a 12-year period and determine whether these trajectories are differentially associated with adolescent mental health
/ Preferences for work and leisure: Is labor supply a function of what workers prefer?

The assumption that utility maximization determines individual employment outcomes and labor supply is central to neoclassical labor market theory and inspired a whole culture of leisure literature, which links the supply of labor to individual preferences. In this study, we use data from the World and European Value Surveys to test whether individual preferences for work vs. leisure are related to employment outcomes. We employ a multilevel logit model to test this proposition at the extensive margin, i
The moderating e ﬀ ect of tax risk on the relationship between tax avoidance and ﬁ rm risk: empirical evidence in the French context

Purpose – This paper aims to study the impact of tax avoidance on corporate risk. It also examines the moderating impact of taxrisk ontherelationship between tax avoidanceand ﬁ rmrisk. Design/methodology/approach – Based on available information in the DATASTREAM database about a sample of French ﬁ rms listed in the CAC 40 from 2010 to 2022, the study uses the feasible generalized least squares method to investigate the impact of tax avoidance on ﬁ rm risk and the moderating impact of tax risk. To check the robustness of our results, the authors changed the measurement of variables to identify potential biases and they signi ﬁ cantly mitigated the endogeneity concerns using instrumental variable regression. Additional estimations were performed, ﬁ rst by using book-tax differences (BTD) and its components, i.e. temporary and permanent, and second by retesting hypotheses of years before the outbreak of thecorona virus disease2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Findings – The results show that tax avoidance negatively affects the ﬁ rm risk while tax risk has a positive effect on ﬁ rm risk. More importantly, tax risk moderates the negative impact of tax avoidance on the ﬁ rm risk. When tax avoidance is associated with a high level of tax risk, it leads to a high ﬁ rm risk. Accordingly, tax avoidanceshould be considered in conjunction with tax risk when studying theeffect put on the ﬁ rmrisk.Further analysesindicatethattaxriskmoderatesthenegativerelationshipbetweenpermanentBTDand ﬁ rmrisk. Research
Gazing at Owls? Human-strigiform Interfaces and their Role in the Construction of Gravettian Lifeworlds in East-Central Europe

ABSTRACT This paper develops a new perspective on human-owl relations in the Pavlovian, a regional group of the early Gravettian of East-Central Europe. It argues that the regular representation of owls in figurative art and ornamentation in this context must be understood as a result of unique conditions of encounter and interaction emerging at the intersection of Southern Moravian early MIS 2-environments, Pavlovian sociocultural practice, and owl presence and behaviour. It is shown that the diverse and tree-rich environments of East-Central Europe, and the Pavlovian Hill region in particular, provided highly favourable living conditions for a rich owl community. In conjunction with Pavlovian settlement behaviour which produced large-scale aggregation sites and seems to have been associated with a more sedentary mode of life, humans were thus particularly exposed to owls that likely dominated the nightly soundscapes of the region. This coincides with the fact that many of the present owl species are resident birds and aligns with compelling evidence for a pronounced ‘sense of place’ in the region's early Gravettian. The paper therefore suggests considering the saliency of negotiating the owl theme in the Pavlovian as an expression of the general eco-cultural entanglement of humans and owls in this setting. I argue that human-owl relations in the Pavlovian might have ultimately been fashioned by a shared sense of place.
ANNALES DE L’INSTITUT FOURIER

— For a smooth curve B over a ﬁeld k = k with char( k ) = p , for every complete intersection X B in B × Spec k P nk of type ( d 1 ,.,d c ), we prove weak approximation of adelic points of X B by k ( B )-points at all places of (strong) potentially good reduction, if the Fano index is (cid:62) 2 and if p > max( d 1 ,.,d c ). This also applies to specializations of complex Fano manifolds with Picard rank 1 and Fano index 1 away from “bad primes”.
Nutritional Intake and Frailty among Older Adults in India

of nutrition has been identified as one of the most important factors in developing of age-related diseases such as frailty, however the study of same is largely ignored within the health policy landscape for older people in India. Using data from Wave 2 of The Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE), the proposed study estimates the prevalence of frailty among older adults and analyses if inadequate intake of nutrition has significant association with frailty among older people in India. Prevalence of frailty in the older adults was estimated to be approximately 35%. The study results highlight that the percentage of frail older adults is highest in the age group 80 and above (64%) and among the widowed (47.9%) and poorest (44%) groups. The older adults with adequate food access and the ones consuming adequate quantity of fruits had significantly lower odds of being frail. The study highlights the need for a multifaceted approach that includes nutritional interventions, policies aimed at reducing food insufficiency, and targeted interventions to improve the health of vulnerable populations such as the oldest old, widowed, and the poor.
Survey Analysis of Regional Name, Use and Availability of Gnaphalium affine at Jeonnam Province

In order to establish basic data for the succession and development of use culture of Gnaphalium affine, a traditional rice cake plant resource, this study was carried out with a survey on 259 women aged 60 or over living 18 city and county in Jeonnam province. The results are summarized as follows. All respondents in the survey did not know the standard name of Gnaphalium affine. 178 repondents (68.7%) knew the plant name called in the local area. The frequency was higher in the order of Jebissuk (37.5%) > Gaessuk (21.2%) > Seorissuk (19.7%) > Gyessuk (4.3%) > Goissuk (1.9%), including duplicate responses. Of the 178 respondents who responded that they could distinguish it, 82.6% knew only one species, and 17.4% knew two in Gnaphalium affine. 62.3% of respondents said they ate dishes made from Gnaphalium affine, and 62.3% had experience cooking Gnaphalium affine. 61.8% of respondents said they ate rice cake made from Gnaphalium affine, and 40.2% had experience making rice cake with Gnaphalium affine. Edible taste of Gnaphalium affine was evaluated as ‘delicious and sticy taste (4.75)’and ‘above sticky (4.89)’according to criterion level 5.0. The final eating period was followed from 1951-1970 (33.1%) > 1971-1990 (29.4%) > 1991-2010 (17.5%) > after 2011 (13.8%) > before 1950 (10.0%), respectively. As a result, it is very necessary that the standard name of Gnaphalium affine is spread widely and the use culture is succeeded and active.
Customers’ purchase decisions and service-level sustainability information

This paper investigates whether customers’ purchase decisions are associated with service-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions information and with customers’ general sustainability awareness. We survey customers in rail transport and capture their purchase decisions via their willingness to pay a price premium (WTPP) for a service. We use three scenarios which vary according to the service-level GHG emissions information provided at the time of purchase. We analyze 115 responses using rank correlations and difference-in-means tests. We find that 25% to 37% of respondents show a WTPP and that the average price premium (PP) is 2.57% to 5.05% of the price of the service. The results show that service-level GHG emissions information is not associated with customers’ WTPP or PP. But consistent with previous research, customers’ general sustainability awareness is positively associated with the WTPP and PP. Our findings imply that sustainable purchase decisions are more likely encouraged via raising awareness about sustainability issues and creating knowledge about environmental concerns than via provision of sustainability information on a product level. Policy makers should thus trade-off costly information provision with (lack of) benefits from encouraging customers’ sustainable purchase decisions.
INTEGRATIVE CONCEPTUAL REVIEW

Recent research provides evidence that, contrary to implicit assumptions in much of the strategic human resource management (SHRM) literature, human resource (HR) systems and practices are in fact enacted with substantial variation across units even within organizations, with such variation largely a function of the line managers involved in implementing HR practices in the units under their supervision. While instrumental in demonstrating the critical role that line managers play in facilitating the causal chain linking organizations’ HR practices with intended employee and organizational outcomes, we contend that the focus of this research on HR practice implementation as a singular and unidimensional characterization of line managers’ involvement in human resource management (HRM) represents an oversimplification on several counts. Broadly, we propose that this focus fails to account for the varied nature of line managers’ downward influences in the context of HRM. Thus, we integrate insights from research on HR practice implementation, workforce differentiation, and autonomous strategic behavior to develop a more complete understanding of line managers’ downward involvement in HRM. Based on our synthesis of relevant insights from these literatures, we propose a research agenda focusing on questions spanning four broad areas with the aim of fostering and guiding future SHRM scholarship to further our understanding of the antecedents, processes, and consequences associated with line managers’ influences on HR system content and process in organizations.
Agenda-Setting Effects During Times of Social Disruption: The Influence of Mass Media and Personal Experiences on Societal Concerns

Using an 8-wave panel survey of German citizens, the present study investigates the media’s agenda-setting power in the context of the disruptive coronavirus pandemic. By examining how societal concerns are influenced by mass media and personal experiences, this study shows differences regarding the health, political, and economic dimensions of the crisis. Only health-related societal concerns were influenced by the perceived issue salience in the media. Societal concerns regarding the economy were shaped by individuals’ evaluation of the adequacy of the perceived issue salience in the media and thus not by the media agenda per se. In contrast, societal concerns regarding restrictions on fundamental rights were strongly influenced by people’s personal experiences. Variations in the role of mass media and personal experiences over the course of the pandemic can be traced back to changes in the severity of the crisis and its different phases.
Evaluation of remote-sensing-based models of gross primary productivity over Indian sal forest using flux tower and MODIS satellite data

ABSTRACT Forest plays a significant role in regulating the carbon budget and mitigating climate change in long term. However, lack of spatially explicit and accurate information on carbon exchange components from diverse forest ecosystem types in India limits carbon budgeting on a regional scale. Remote-sensing-driven ecosystem models are well-established tools for estimating gross primary productivity (GPP) over large areas but they are seldom found erroneous if implemented without proper calibration of biome-specific parameters. The present study evaluates the combined use of eddy covariance (EC) data and satellite-derived variables for estimating GPP over large areas. Four remote-sensing-driven models, (i) temperature–greenness (TG) model, (ii) greenness–radiation (GR) model, (iii) light use efficiency (LUE) model, and (iv) remote-sensing-based LUE (LUERS) model, were parameterized with EC measurements and compared with 8-day Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) GPP products for a moist Shorea robusta forest in northern part of India. EC observed 8-day average GPP varied from 5.38 to 12.42 g C m−2 day−1. Among the four tested models, TG model had the highest root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.28 g C m−2 day−1, while GR and LUERS models had moderate RMSE of 0.99 g C m−2 day−1 and 0.98 g C m−2 day−1, respectively. The closest GPP estimate was given by LUE model with RMSE of 0.93 g C m−2 day−1. The RMSE for all four models were four times lower than that of MODIS GPP. Lower maximum LUE (and uncertainty in the environmental scalar used in MODIS GPP algorithm could have contributed to higher RMSE. More accurate modelling of GPP can help in better understanding of forest ecological functions with the changing climate.
PGVT: Pose-Guided Video Transformer for Fine-Grained Action Recognition

Based on recent advancements in transformer-based video models and multi-modal joint learning, we propose a novel model, named Pose-Guided Video Transformer (PGVT), to incorporate sparse high-level body joints locations and dense low-level visual pixels for effective learning and accurate recognition of human actions. PGVT leverages the pre-trained image models by freezing their parameters and introducing trainable adapters to effectively integrate two input modalities, i.e., human poses and video frames, to learn a pose-focused spatiotemporal representation of human actions. We design two novel core modules, i.e., Pose Temporal Attention and Pose-Video Spatial Attention, to facilitate interaction between body joint locations and uniform video tokens, enriching each modality with contextualized information from the other. We evaluate PGVT model on four action recognition datasets: Diving48, Gym99, and Gym288 for fine-grained action recognition, and Kinetics400 for coarse-grained action recognition. Our model achieves new SOTA performance on the three fine-grained human action recognition datasets and comparable performance on Kinetics400 with a small number of tunable parameters compared with SOTA methods. Various ablation studies are performed which verify the benefits of our new designs.
Dynamic Eﬀects of Monetary Policy Shocks on Macroeconomic Volatility ∗

We develop a VAR that allows the estimation of the impact of monetary policy shocks on volatility. Estimates for the US suggest that an increase in the policy rate by 1% is associated with a rise in unemployment and inﬂation volatility of about 15%. Using a New Keynesian model, with search and matching labour frictions and Epstein-Zin preferences we show that these volatility eﬀects are driven by the coexistence of agents’ fears of unemployment and concerns about the (in) ability of the monetary authority to reverse deviations from the policy rule with the impact magniﬁed by the agents’ preferences.