Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of health-related quality of life in the general population

Objective To evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the general population in China and research on the predictive factors of HRQoL by using the short form 36 item (SF-36) questionnaire. Methods Using large sample data of health status cross-section survey from general population of nine provinces and municipalities (Jiangsu, Anhui, Gansu, Qinghai, Fujian, Beijing, Jilin, Jiangxi and He'nan) from December 2005 to January 2007,8448 samples in accord with sample data from 1% nationwide population survey in 2005 were randomly selected with sex and age structures, which could representative the general population of China. The relationship between HRQoL score and socio-demographic characteristics,behavior and health-related factors were studied by using variables single factor analysis,and found out the predictive factors of HRQoL by using multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results All sub-scales scores were similar trend of change between Chinese general population and Hong Kong general norm. Single factor analysis showed that the decreasing of HRQoL score was related with sex, age, marital status, education level, occupation, sleep time, exercise habit, body mass index and past history of chronic disease. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that there were differences among significant predictive factors of each domain of SF-36;in all eight domains, the first six significant predictive factors have twelve indexes. Among them, the predictive factors of age increase, low-level exercises, past history of chronic disease, farmers, inoccupation people, students,women, less sleep time and low weight leaded to the decrement in HRQoL score, married and higher education were protective factors for HRQoL. Conclusion Age, sex, marital status, education level, occupation, sleep time, exercise habit, body mass index and past history of chronic disease were the predictive factors for HRQoL. Key words: Health-related quality of life; SF-36; Multiple stepwise regression analysis; Predictive factors
OBSERVATIONS ON INTRASPECIFIC LARVAL COMPETITION IN THREE HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES OF FLY PUPARIA

Abstract Though they may hatch on any part of a housefly (Musca domestica L.) pupa, most larvae of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) and Muscidifurax raptor G. & S. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) move to the host’s ventral abdominal area, and those of Spalangia cameroni Perk. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to the dorsal side of the abdomen, before feeding extensively. As many as 25 larvae of N. vitripennis can mature on a medium-sized housefly pupa; if more are present initially, those that hatch last usually die from starvation after the host has been consumed. In contrast, usually only one larva of M. raptor or S. cameroni matures on a host; this is often the larva that hatches first, because it attacks all parasite eggs that it encounters while moving over the fly pupa soon after hatching. Larval crowding in M. raptor or S. cameroni, unlike that in N. vitripennis, does not affect the sex ratio of the survivors.
Effects of two levels of phosphorus intake on performance and faecal phosphorus excretion of dairy cows

Zusammenfassung Einflus von zweierlei P-Aufnahme auf Leistungen und P-Ausscheidung im Kot von Milchkuhen Zwei Gruppen von je 26 Milchkuhen erhielten als Grundration Grassilage und Maissilage und dazu Milchleistungsfutter nach Leistung. In der einen Gruppe erhielt jede Kuh taglich 6 g P mit dem Mineralfutter, wahrend das Milchleistungsfutter 4.3 g P/kg T enthielt. In der anderen Gruppe war Phosphat weder dem Mineralfutter noch dem Milchleistungsfutter zugesetzt, welches deshalb nur 3,6 g P/kg T enthielt. Im Mittel betrug die P-aufnahme 68 bzw. 60 g je Kuh und Tag. Keine Unterschiede in Leistung, Gesundheit und Fruchtbarkeit wurden wahrend des zwei Jahre dauernden Versuches beobachtet bei durchschnittlich 7500 kg Milch je Kuh und Jahr. Nahe der Laktationsspitze wurde bei 10 Kuhen jeder Gruppe die Kotmenge indirekt bestimmt mittels Chromoxid als Marker. Der Unterschied in der P-Aufnahme in Hohe von 13 g/Tag spiegelte sich in einem entsprechenden Unterschied in der P-Ausscheidung mit dem Kot wider. Offenbar war ein Ausgleich der P-Bilanz auch in diesem Stadium moglich. Es wird die Schlusfolgerung gezogen, das bei Milchleistungen von 7500 kg je Kuh und Jahr Phosphat-Zulagen weder zum Mineralfutter noch zum Milchleistungsfutter erforderlich sind, sofern ein nativer P-Gehalt in der Gesamtration von 3.3 g je kg Trockensubstanz nicht unterschritten wird.
Effect of processing and storage of brined white (Nabulsi) cheese on fat and cholesterol oxidation

Brined white (Nabulsi) cheese was studied for cholesterol oxidation and for oxidative and hydrolytic rancidities during cheese processing, during storage in closed transparent and light-protected glass jars at room temperature for 3, 6 and 9 months and during storage on an open tray exposed to atmospheric air and light for 1, 2 and 3 weeks. The peroxide value (PV), free fatty acid (FFA) content and 7-ketocholesterol level were determined. The cheese processing steps (curd formation, salting and boiling in brine) had no significant effect on PV, FFAs and 7-ketocholesterol. However, the storage conditions had a significant effect (p ≤ 0.5) on these parameters. Peroxides were not detected or were very low in the freshly boiled cheese, while the FFA content was 2.9 g kg−1. The PV and FFA content increased to approximately 5 meq kg−1 and 11 g kg−1 respectively after 9 months of storage in transparent or light-protected jars. The 7-ketocholesterol level was 1.2 µg g−1 in the freshly boiled cheese and reached maximum values of 2.3 and 5.2 µg g−1 after 9 months of storage in light-protected and transparent jars respectively. Cheese samples displayed on an open tray showed a higher increase in PV, FFAs and 7-ketocholesterol than samples stored in closed jars, reaching values of 6.1 meq kg−1, 6.8 g kg−1 and 8.8 µg g−1 respectively after 3 weeks of storage. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
How Cross-boundary Disruption-from-above Superseded Incumbents’ Sustaining Innovation in the Mobile Industry: Qualitative, Graphical and Computational Insights

This study of the transformation of the mobile device industry examines how cross-boundary disruption (XBD) superseded the incumbents' sustaining innovation, which helps explain the rapid rise of Apple and Google Android and the equally rapid fall of Nokia and other incumbents between 2007 and 2013. Four concatenated strategic factors limited the incumbents' capacity to adapt: (1) incumbents' market myopia about latent unserved needs of the high-end customer segment, (2) incumbents' dynamic capabilities gaps for meeting these needs, (3) demand shift timing of high-end customers toward the disruptors' radically innovative products, and (4) the rapid growth of novel ecosystems around the disruptors' technology platforms. Graphical interpretation further elucidates these concatenated strategic factors and suggests computational implications. The paper's qualitative, graphical and computational insights help formulate a conceptual framework of XBD-from-above, which contributes to theory development about inter-industry disruption and transformation.
Stand age influence on litter mass of Pinus nigra plantations on dolomite hills in Hungary

In Hungary, plantations of Pinus nigra Arn. (Austrian pine) involve large areas of dolomite rock grasslands and have caused the impoverishment or local extinction of the original flora. In addition to these conservation concerns, an important economic problem is the flammability of these forests. Fire risk depends on the amount of accumulated flammable organic components. Thus, the purpose of our research was to quantify the mass of litter accumulated in Austrian pine stands and to examine the correlation between litter mass, stand age, and slope aspect. Forty-eight sampling sites were selected with stand ages ranging from 21 to 108 years. Stands represented four age classes and three exposure types. At each sampling site, litter mass was determined in the following three fractions: needles, branches, and cones. The litter fractions showed their maximum quantities in age class 61–80 years (needles = 17 560 kg/ha, branches = 2764 kg/ha, and cones = 2960 kg/ha). For the needle litter, a significant increase.
Induction and origin of hepatocytes in rat pancreas

2-[4(2,2- Dichlorocyclopropyl )phenoxy]2-methyl propionic acid (ciprofibrate), a peroxisome proliferator , induced hepatocytes in the pancreas of adult male F-344 rats when added to their diet at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight for 60-72 wk. These cells are morphologically indistinguishable from hepatic hepatocytes and were usually localized adjacent to islets of Langerhans with extensions into surrounding acinar tissue. A significant increase in the volume density of peroxisomes, together with immunochemically detectable amounts of two peroxisome-associated enzymes, was observed in pancreas with hepatocytes of rats maintained on ciprofibrate. Uricase-containing crystalloid nucleoids, specific for rat hepatocyte peroxisomes, were present in pancreatic hepatocytes. These structures facilitated the identification of cells with hybrid cytoplasmic features characteristic of pancreatic acinar and endocrine cells and hepatocytes. Such cells are presumed to represent a transitional state in which pancreas specific genes are being repressed while liver specific ones are simultaneously expressed. The presence of exocrine and/or endocrine secretory granules in transitional cells indicates that acinar/intermediate cells represent the precursor cell from which pancreatic hepatocytes are derived.
β‐Aminobutyric Acid‐induced Resistance in Brassica juncea against the Necrotrophic Pathogen Alternaria brassicae

β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) pretreatment of Brassica plants protected them against the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria brassicae. The achieved resistance level was much higher than that seen after salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pretreatments. BABA pretreatment to the leaves, 1 day before inoculation, led to an inhibition of the oxidative burst and a decrease in SA levels, but did not influence lipoxygenase activity nor cause callose deposition at the site of inoculation. Expression of two marker genes of the SA and JA pathways, namely PR1 and PDF1.2, was enhanced in response to BABA pretreatment. Our results indicate that BABA-induced resistance is mediated through an enhanced expression of pathogenesis-related protein genes, independent of SA and JA accumulation.
Producer–Scrounger Games in a Spatially Explicit World: Tactic Use Influences Flock Geometry of Spice Finches

Group-foraging animals can either search for their food (producer) or search for opportunities to join the food discoveries of others (scrounger). To maximize food returns, producers should distance themselves from potential competitors whereas scroungers should increase proximity to potential producers. We investigated the extent to which playing one or the other tactic aAected an individual’s location in captive flocks of ground-feeding spice finches (Lonchura punctulata) as they foraged for hidden clumps of food on an aviary floor. We constrained some individuals to use the producer tactic by pre-training them to find food hidden under lids. Constrained producers foraged significantly further from the center of flocks than constrained scroungers. Flocks with many scroungers were significantly more compact than flocks with fewer scroungers. The results are consistent with published simulations of spatially explicit producer‐scrounger models and suggest that the use of producer and scrounger foraging tactics be included as a factor that aAects an individual’s position within foraging groups.
Optimized enzymatic hydrolysis and pulsed electric field treatment for production of antioxidant peptides from egg white protein

1 Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People’s Republic of China. 2 Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA. 3 College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130025, People’s Republic of China. 4 Institution of Hydrology and Water Conservancy of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, People’s Republic of China.
TIME-LAPSE VIDEO OBSERVATIONS ON SEXUAL PLASMOGAMY IN THE RED ALGA BOSTRYCHIA

In the red alga Bostrychia moritziana, release of spermatia is triggered by slight osmotic shock; they emerge under pressure apparently generated by swelling of the mucilaginous sheath. Spermatia adhere tenaciously to trichogynes of the carpogonium. Adhesion triggers spermatial mitosis, which is complete in about 30–45 min; there is no cytokinesis and the binucleate spermatium becomes vacuolated. The delicate, dynamic trichogyne cytoplasm contains complex membranous components and vacuoles. At the contact zone, the trichogyne and spermatial wall erode, forming a pore, and cytoplasmic continuity (plasmogamy) is achieved after about 50–70 min. Many trichogynes rupture during these events because of inadequate structural connection with the spermatia. Normally, both spermatial nuclei enter the trichogyne in sequence; rarely, both nuclei enter together. Entrance is rapid, and the nuclei often become thin and greatly elongated as each squeezes through the narrow pore into the trichogyne. Once inside, each nucl.
Studies on Meloidogyne javanica infestation on roma tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) under different soil amendments

The effect of different soil amendments on infestation of Meloidogyne javanica on roma tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) was investigated at the Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu, Nigeria using pot experiment. Completely randomized design was used for experiment and data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). All significant differences observed were separated using Fisher's least significant difference (F-LSD). The parameters measured were plant height (cm) at 50% flowering, number of leaves at 50% flowering, number of fruits per plant at harvest, weight (g) of fresh fruit at harvest, number of galled roots per plant and number of galls per root per plant. The study revealed that there exist significant (P 0.05) effect on weight of fresh fruit at harvest and number of galled roots per plant. Results further showed that soil amended with organic materials (poultry droppings, grass ash and Rice husk ash) at the range of 10 to 20 t/ha were good for optimum growth, performance and control of root-knot nematode of tomato. Therefore, farmers are advised to use 20 t/ha for optimum growth and control of root knot nematode on roma tomato.
Climate-Driven Interannual Variability in Net Ecosystem Exchange in the Northern Great Plains Grasslands

Abstract The Northern Great Plains grasslands respond differently under various climatic conditions; however, there have been no detailed studies investigating the interannual variability in carbon exchange across the entire Northern Great Plains grassland ecosystem. We developed a piecewise regression model to integrate flux tower data with remotely sensed data and mapped the 8-d and 500-m net ecosystem exchange (NEE) for the years from 2000 to 2006. We studied the interannual variability of NEE, characterized the interannual NEE difference in climatically different years, and identified the drought impact on NEE. The results showed that NEE was highly variable in space and time across the 7 yr. Specifically, NEE was consistently low (−35 to 32 g C · m−2 · yr−1) with an average annual NEE of −2 ± 24 g C · m−2 · yr−1 and a cumulative flux of −15 g C · m−2. The Northern Great Plains grassland was a weak source for carbon during 2000–2006 because of frequent droughts, which strongly affected the carbon balance, especially in the Western High Plains and Northwestern Great Plains. Comparison of the NEE map with a drought monitor map confirmed a substantial correlation between drought and carbon dynamics. If drought severity or frequency increases in the future, the Northern Great Plains grasslands may become an even greater carbon source.
The Host Range, Life-Cycle and Host-Parasite Relationships of Meloidoderita Sp.1)

The host range and life cycle of Meloidoderita sp. , found in Maryland and the first member of this genus reported outside of the Soviet Union, were studied. All known hosts of Meloidoderita sp. are in the Polygonaceae and none of those of M. kijanovae were parasitized. The time required to complete a life cycle from J2 toJ2 was 23 days at 31 °, and 28 days at 28° (day) and 22° (night). The unique transformation of the uterus into a sclerotized cystoid body containing eggs is discussed. Eggs within cystoid bodies could not be induced to hatch and the J2'S they contained were nonviable. Unlike the females, males develop outside plant roots; they were never associated with females or their egg sacs. Infection by nematodes of Meloidoderita sp. stimulates the formation of a definite altered cell complex in host plant roots. These transformed cells take the configuration of a slightly hypertrophied sheet of pericycle cells extending laterally and longitudinally from the nematode head which is always lodged in an endodermal cell.
ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA DAS PLANTASPlathymenia reticulata, Hymenaea courbaril E Guazuma ulmifolia

A fitoterapia e utilizada ha milhares de anos pela medicina popular. Tendo em vista o grande uso dos produtos naturais, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar in vitro a atividade antimicrobiana da Hymenaea courbaril , Plathymenia reticulata e Guazuma ulmifolia , sobre microrganismos padrao Gram-positivos, Gram-negativos e Candida albicans . Realizou-se a triagem da atividade antimicrobiana pela tecnica de difusao em agar empregando-se o metodo de difusao em poco e determinou-se a concentracao inibitoria minima (CIM) para os extratos da P. reticulata e H. courbaril , mediante a utilizacao de estreptococos do grupo mutans (EGM) e Staphylococcus sp . Os extratos apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana para os microrganismos Gram-positivos, mas nao inibiram os microrganismos Gram-negativos e a Candida albicans . Na concentracao de 0,63 mg/mL, 84,7% dos Staphylococcus sp foram inibidos pela P. reticulata , enquanto 54,0% desses isolados foram inibidos pela H. courbaril na concentracao de 2,5 mg/mL. Para os EGM, a CIM da P. reticulata e H. courbaril foi de 1,25mg/mL sobre 45,0% e 35,0% desses isolados, respectivamente. A G. ulmifolia , P. reticulata e H. courbaril apresentaram uma atividade antimicrobiana potencial que sugere novas avaliacoes experimentais a fim de avaliar a toxicidade e a acao farmacologica, possibilitando torna-las alternativas no controle microbiano.
The indirect estimation of the digestibility of pasture herbage III. Regressions of digestibility on faecal nitrogen concentration: effects of species and individuality of animal and of the method of determining digestibility upon the relationships

1. A 36-day continuous digestibility trial with three steers and three sheep fed fresh pasture herbage was carried out during May and June, 1960. For all animals the digestibilities of herbage organic matter (O.m.) were estimated both by collection of faeces and by administering standard quantities of chromium sesquioxide (Cr203) twice daily and determining concentrations of Cr203 in faeces. In a further 36-day trial during August and September 1960, three steers and three cows were used; with the steers, digestibilities were estimated by both methods but with the cows by the Cr203 method only. 2. Regression equations were obtained relating O.m. digestibility to the percentage of nitrogen (N) in faecal O.m. When digestibilities were estimated by the same method the same regression coefficients could be fitted to the data from each of the steers and sheep in the spring trial. A similar result was found with the data from each of the steers and cows in the summer trial. 3. In each equation different constant terms were required for each animal, which differed significantly between individuals but not between species or class of animal. Data obtained from an examination of the relationship of g. N excreted per 100 g. feed dry matter to g. N intake per 100 g. feed dry matter indicated that differences between the constant terms could be linked with variations between animals in the excretion of metabolic faecal N.
Immunological Identification of Site of Vitellin Synthesis in Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium malcolmsonii

Abstract Shanju, S. and Geraldine, P. 2009. Immunological identification of site of vitellin synthesis in freshwater prawn Macrobrachium malcolmsonii. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 36: 141–146. The site of vitellin synthesis in the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium malcolmsonii, was examined immunologically using the antibodies raised against the vitellin purified from mature ovaries of M. malcolmsonii. In double diffusion test, single precipitin lines were found between center well containing immune serum and peripheral wells containing purified vitellin, ovarian homogenate, female hepatopancreas and female hemolymph. The precipitin lines were continuous suggesting that immune serum precipitated the proteins of complete identitiy. Immunoelectrophoretic and immunoblotting studies reveal positive reaction in ovary, egg, female hemolymph and female hepatopancreas but not in male hemolymph, male hepatpancreas, gill and muscle. These results suggest hepatopancreas as possible site of yolk protein synthesis in freshwater prawn M. malcolmsonii.
Growth Inhibition of Soil Fungi by Insecticides and Annulment of Inhibition by Yeast Extract or Nitrogenous Nutrients

SUMMARY: Seventeen fungal species from Wisconsin prairie soils were grown on Czapek nutrient media that had been treated with the insecticides aldrin, lindane, parathion, phorate or carbaryl. All five insecticides inhibited to some extent the growth of most fungal species; this inhibition was a result of a particular insecticide---fungus combination. Threshold concentrations of insecticides, at which no decrease in growth of Aspergillus fumigatus or Fusarium oxysporum occurred, differed for each insecticide and also for each of the two fungi. Since most of the insecticides had some fungicidal effect, it was not surprising that none of the 17 fungi was able to utilize any of the insecticides as a carbon or phosphorus source. Carbaryl or aldrin at 20 μg. /ml. inhibited growth of F. oxysporum by 37 to 44%. However, the addition of yeast extract, asparagine, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphamate to the culture media resulted in a complete suppression of the growth inhibitory effect of carbaryl and that of aldrin to a large extent. Replacement of yeast extract with a vitamin mixture had no effect; fungal growth was still inhibited.