Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Oxidation and Hot Corrosion Resistance of 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV Stainless Steel at 650 °C by a Novel Glass-Ceramic Coating

A novel glass-ceramic coating was applied onto the 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV stainless steel. The oxidation and corrosion behaviors of coated and uncoated steels were comparatively investigated in air and in the presence of NaCl + Na2SO4 eutectic deposits at 650 °C, respectively. Protective scales formed on the surface of stainless steel prevented the severe oxidation of the alloy. Catastrophic hot corrosion occurred on the steel when a salt film was attached, producing loose iron oxide layers and internal corrosion zone. The glass-ceramic coating acted as a barrier that effectively hindered the invasion of corrosive species during the oxidation and hot corrosion tests.
A Guide to Practical Human Reliability Assessment

1. How to Use This Book 2. Human Reliability Assessment in Risk Assessment 3. The HRA Process (Ten Extensive Subsections) 4. Contemporary Issues and Futures 5. Human Error Data 6. Validation of HRQ Techniques 7. Human Factors Checklists 8. Error Mechanisms and Error Reduction Mechanisms 9. Case Studies
What Can Be Learned From Studies on Delay in Construction

Over many years, delay has emerged one of the most significant problems in the construction industry, so much so that the causes have been investigated in numerous studies in different developing countries. Poor project management has been cited by a number of investigators as the main reason. However, despite such consensus, there are usually no clear recommendations demonstrating how project management practice could be improved. Moreover, the majority of recommendations made in the existing studies are general in nature and do not lead to a focus on a specific area. None of them are devoted to solving the difficulties associated with particular causes. It is further argued that delays do not arise purely because of tangible causes, as usually assumed in delay studies, but rather the underlying theory of project management may play a role in this regard. Finally, the paper argues that the utility of further traditional studies on delay is limited. 1 Civil Engineer, MSc, PhD Student, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, 4th Floor, Maxwell Building, Salford, M5 4WT, UK. A.O. Alsehaimi@pgr.salford.ac.uk 2 Professor of Theory Based Lean Project and Production Management, SCRI, University of Salford, School of the Built Environment, Salford, M5 4WT, UK, L.J.Koskela@salford.ac.uk EYWORDS: delay, construction industry, project management, project management theory
THE ELECTRONIC FLIGHT BAG: A MULTI-FUNCTION TOOL FOR THE MODERN COCKPIT

Abstract : This research is intended to inform the reader about Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs). After an explanation of an EFB, a description of its development history, and short discussions of EFBs and human factors engineering and EFB products currently available in the aviation industry, the article discusses current and future display technologies -- the heart of the Electronic Flight Bag. The article continues by discussing the many potential applications of EFBs for general aviation and military aviation, as well some specific military benefits of their use. After reviewing some of the advantages and disadvantages of modifying cockpits to incorporate these devices, the author makes an argument for a cohesive joint effort during the design and implementation phases of EFBs. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are offered. The two appendices are designed to give examples of the many phases of flight an EFB can enhance. The examples are laid out in the form of two simulated flights. The first flight represents a peacetime cargo mission of a C-5 mission from Davis-Monthan AFB in Tucson, Arizona, to Eglin AFB in Fort Walton Beach, Florida. The second mission depicts a notional combat search and rescue (CSAR) mission flown by two A-10s into Iraq. This section is written in the first person from the perspective of Sandy 2, the wingman of a flight of two A-10s.
Gene networks and canonical pathways associated with a favorable blood pressure response after CPAP treatment: the HIPARCO score post hoc analysis

Background: Several studies report an association between microRNAs (miRNAs) and hypertension or cardiovascular disease. In a previous study, we observed a cluster of three miRNAs (miR-378a-3p, miR-100-5p, and miR-486-5p) functionally associated with the cardiovascular system that predicted a favorable blood pressure response to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in patients with resistant hypertension (RH) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (HIPARCO score). However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying this. Thus, the aim of the present study was to perform a post hoc analysis to investigate the genes, functions and pathways related to the previously found HIPARCO-score miRNAs. Methods: We performed an enrichment analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The genes potentially associated with the miRNAs were filtered based on their confidence level. Particularly for cardiovascular disease, only the genes regulated by at least two of the miRNAs were studied. Results: We observed that the miRNAs studied regulate 200-249 molecules associated with several functions and diseases, including extracranial solid tumors and abdominal neoplasms, among others. The cardiac hypertrophy and NF-kB signaling pathways were identified as the cardiovascular pathways most influenced by these three miRNAs. Conclusions: Considering this, the mechanisms by which CPAP treatment decreases the blood pressure in OSA patients with RH could be related to these pathways. Further investigations will be necessary to confirm these findings, contributing to the elucidation of new therapeutic targets in patients that do not respond to CPAP treatment.
Effects of eddy currents in transformer windings

The effects of eddy currents in transformer windings are considered, and a method is derived for calculating the variation of winding resistance and leakage inductance with frequency for transformers with single-layer, multilayer and sectionalised windings. The method consists in dividing the winding into portions, calculating the d.c. resistances and d.c. leakage inductances of each of these portions, and then multiplying the d.c. values by appropriate factors to obtain the corresponding a.c. values. These a.c. values are then referred to, say, the primary winding and summed to give the total winding resistance and leakage inductance of the transformer. Formulas are derived and quoted for calculating the d.c. resistances and leakage inductances of the winding portions. Theoretical expressions are derived for the variation with frequency etc. of the factors by which the d.c. values must be multiplied to obtain the corresponding a.c. values. These expressions are presented in the form of graphs, permitting the factors to be read as required.
Body-Worn Cameras Improve Law Enforcement Officer Report Writing Accuracy

With cameras becoming ubiquitous in society, it is becoming more important for law enforcement officers (LEOs) to have video recordings of civilian contacts recorded from their own perspectives. This was a prospective study of a convenience sample of LEOs who completed several scenarios and wrote a use-of-force report on one of the scenarios from memory. The LEOs then reviewed their body-worn-camera (BWC) recording of the scenario and amended their reports, as they felt necessary. The 11 LEOs had an average of 2.63 minor errors (range 0-7), 5.4 moderate errors (0-14), and 0.9 major errors (range 0-3) corrected by their BWC recording review in our study. This included 21 errors related to miscounting, mis-sequencing, or omitting force, warnings, compliance, or other important descriptors of the use of force. Point-of-view BWC recording review improved the accuracy of the LEOs’ report writing, leading to the correction of important errors from the LEO’s original reports. Keywords: Body-worn camera, BWC, law enforcement, point-of-view, POV, use of force, report writing, memory TASER International, Inc. (TASER) provided funding and material support for this study. Dr. Ho is the Medical Director for TASER. Dr. Dawes is a consultant to TASER. Dr. Heegaard is a member of TASER’s Scientific and Medical Advisory Board (SMAB). Mr. Brave is the National/International Litigation Counsel for TASER and is the Legal Advisor to the SMAB and the TASER Training Board. Dr. Ho, Dr. Heegaard, and Mr. Brave own shares of stock in TASER. Dr. Paetow and Dr. Weston have no conflicts to declare.
Mitigating and Preparing for Disasters: A Survey of Memphis Organizations

To my parents, Alhaji R. O. Sadiq and Alhaja B. A. Sadiq for emphasizing the importance of good education. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My deep appreciation goes to my dissertation chair, Dr. Waugh, and other members of my dissertation committee-Drs. Cummings, Noonan, Olshansky, and Weible-for making this dissertation a success. Dr. Bateman, my colleagues (Public Policy doctoral class of 2004), and faculty and staff of Andrew Young School of Policy Studies for your unflinching support. I would also like to thank my wonderful wife, Christina for her love, patience, encouragement, and support. My unalloyed appreciation goes to my parents, Alhaji R. O. Sadiq and Alhaja B. A. Sadiq for bringing me to this world and providing the best education for me. My appreciation goes to Dr. and Mrs. Oladunjoye and their children. Much gratitude goes to Taiwo, Ola, Abdu, Paul, and my siblings for their love and prayers. Finally, I thank the Almighty for making this endeavor a successful one.
Arcing-fault models for low-voltage power systems

An arcing fault is a dangerous form of short circuit that may have a low current magnitude. In the case of such faults, the magnitude of the current is limited by the resistance of the arc and may also be limited by the impedance of a ground path. This lower level fault current is often insufficient to immediately trip overcurrent devices, resulting in the escalation of the arcing fault, increased system damage, tremendous release of energy, and threat to human life. Despite modern advances in system protection, people are critically injured or killed each year when they are in the vicinity of an arcing fault that is either accidentally physically initiated or initiated through a glow-to-arc transition. The initial phase of an ongoing arcing-fault research project was to review the pioneering work, dating back to the 1920s. The historical evolution of arc modeling for low-voltage systems and a summary of the electrical aspects and the physics involved in arcing faults were reviewed in a companion paper (1999). After a comprehensive literature search was completed, today's better analytical tools facilitated the development of new arc models with current-dependent arc voltages. A current-dependent arc voltage better represents the arcing phenomenon than the assumed arc voltage associated with previous instantaneous arc models.
Mars Sample Handling and Requirements Panel (MSHARP)

In anticipation of the return of samples from Mars toward the end of the first decade of the next century, NASA's Office of Space Sciences chartered a panel to examine how Mars samples should be handled. The panel was to make recommendations in three areas: (1) sample collection and transport back to Earth; (2) certification of the samples as nonhazardous; and (3) sample receiving, curation, and distribution. This report summarizes the findings of that panel. The samples should be treated as hazardous until proven otherwise. They are to be sealed within a canister on Mars, and the canister is not to be opened until within a Biosafety Hazard Level 4 (BSL-4) containment facility here on Earth. This facility must also meet or exceed the cleanliness requirements of the Johnson Space Center (JSC) facility for curation of extraterrestrial materials. A containment facility meeting both these requirements does not yet exist. Hazard assessment and life detection experiments are to be done at the containment facility, while geochemical characterization is being performed on a sterilized subset of the samples released to the science community. When and if the samples are proven harmless, they are to be transferred to a curation facility, such as that at JSC.
CHARACTERIZATION OF CATALYTIC COMBUSTOR TURBULENCE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON VANE AND ENDWALL HEAT TRANSFER AND ENDWALL FILM COOLING

Endwall heat transfer distributions taken in a large-scale low speed linear cascade facility are documented for mock catalytic and dry low NOx (DLN) combustion systems. Inlet turbulence levels range from about 1.0 percent for the mock Catalytic combustor condition to 14 percent for the mock dry low NOx combustor system. Stanton number contours are presented at both turbulence conditions for Reynolds numbers based on true chord length and exit conditions ranging from 500,000 to 2,000,000. Catalytic combustor endwall heat transfer shows the influence of the complex three-dimensional flow field, while the effects of individual vortex systems are less evident for the mock dry low NOx cases. Turbulence scales have been documented for both cases. Inlet boundary layers are relatively thin for the mock catalytic combustor case while inlet flow approximates a channel flow with high turbulence for the mock DLN combustor case. Inlet boundary layer parameters are presented across the inlet passage for the three Reynolds numbers and both the mock catalytic and DLN combustor inlet cases. Both midspan and 95 percent span pressure contours are included. This research provides a well-documented database taken across a range of Reynolds numbers and turbulence conditions for assessment of endwall heat transfer predictive capabilities.
Recent stress history effects in clays and associated improvements to the BRICK model

It is known that the stiffness of many soils is higher at small strains than at the large strains used in typical triaxial testing. Understanding this initial high stiffness and the factors affecting it is key to accurate displacement predictions. The recent stress history (RSH) effect describes how the stiffness degradation curve at small strains is affected by the immediately preceding stress path. The effect is usually described in terms of stress path rotation angle between an approach path and the shear probe upon which stiffness degradation is measured. The principle aim of the work was to investigate the relationship between the RSH effect, approach path length, and time dependent effects in more detail. A combination of physical testing and simulations with the BRICK constitutive model were used to achieve this. This has shown that in multistage testing the residual RSH effect from the first test increased the stiffness exhibited in the second, thus masking the natural behaviour. In addition the stress path rotation from consolidation to testing caused a stiffness reduction in the first test. This effect, newly termed recent consolidation history (RCH), was found to be degraded by the first test and so did not impact on the second. When allowance was made for these effects trends seen in the literature were supported. Due to the complex stress paths used in the physical testing, a number of improvements were required to the strain rate dependent (SRD) BRICK model to allow accurate simulations to be run. These included implementation of a bisecting iteration within the strain calculations, and a coordinate decent routine to allow creep and creep rupture to be modelled. The model was then used to simulate the physical tests to allow more insight into the interplay between the effects identified in the physical testing, ultimately supporting the conclusions drawn.
Control of Systems Subject to Constraints

Every operating control system must deal with constraints. On the one hand, the range and rate of change of the input or manipulated variable is limited by the physical nature of the actuator (saturation limits). On the other hand, process state variables or outputs (pressures, temperatures, voltages) may not be allowed to exceed certain bounds arising from equipment limitation, safety considerations, or environmental regulations. A rich theory exists for designing controllers - both linear (H2/H∞, LQG, LTR, pole-placement) and nonlinear (nonlinear H∞, control, feedback linearization, sliding mode control, gain scheduling). However, none of these popular and fashionable controller design techniques account for the presence of input or output constraints. Although occasionally these constraints may be neglected, in general, they lead to design and operating problems unless they are accounted for properly. In traditional control practice, overrides or mode selection schemes are used to deal with output constraints: they switch between a "bank" of controllers, each of which is designed to achieve a specific objective. In both cases (saturation limit and mode selection), a control input nonlinearity is introduced into the operating system. Despite its significance, the study of the constrained control problem has received far less attention than the traditional unconstrained (linear and nonlinear) control theory. With few exceptions, most of the controller design techniques for constrained systems are by-and-large ad-hoc, with very little guarantees of stability, performance and robustness to plant model uncertainty. The objective of this thesis is to take a broad approach towards the constrained control problem. One part of the thesis is devoted to the development of a systematic and unifying theory for studying the so-called Anti-Windup Bumpless Transfer (AWBT) problem. The other part aims towards the development of a general novel approach for the synthesis of a robust model predictive control (MPC) algorithm.
ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT TOWARD LEARNING ORGANIZATION IN A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY

The purpose of this research is to study the characteristics of a learning organization and then to determine the factors which would allow a private university to achieve such status. The study considers five aspects of the organizationâ€™s subsystems based upon Michael J. Marquardtâ€™s theory: learning, organization, people, knowledge and technology. The research adopted a qualitative research procedure. A survey was administered to collect all faculty and staffâ€™s perspectives, and analyze them using the Learning Organization Profile. The results were used to formulate questions for interviews with four of the universityâ€™s top executives. The university being studied was found to have a high degree of learning organization, in compliance with the five aspects framework. Thirteen influencing factors and six vulnerabilities were identified. The concept of organization development toward learning organization as defined in this study can be applied to other types of organizations. The methodology used in the study can be adapted to identify supporting factors and weaknesses, and then to initiate appropriateÂ projects which would lead to successful implementation. To cite this document: Suntaya Dararat and Teera Taechamaneestit, "Organization development toward learning organization in a private university", International Journal of Cyber Society and Education, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 19-30, 2015. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi. org/10.7903/ijcse.1245
The characteristics and perception of small wind system noise

The UK has committed to sourcing 15% of its energy from renewable sources by 2020 and wind turbines have the potential to contribute towards this target. Due to the Feed-In-Tariffs introduced by the UK Government in 2010, the potential uptake of micro-generation methods such as small wind is likely to increase. However, many barriers exist which prevent widespread implementation, such as noise concerns. There is little work available in the open literature quantifying the problem because much of the existing research focuses on large scale turbines. The need for an increase in interdisciplinary research in this area has also been called for. This research fills the gap in the literature by seeking to better understand the noise levels generated by small wind systems, the characteristics of the noise and people’s reactions to this noise. The research is interdisciplinary, incorporating engineering, to measure, characterise and model the noise from small wind systems and psychology, to identify the type of people who are most likely to perceive the noise. Environmental noise measurements have been taken at small wind system installations to quantify and characterise the noise levels. This work included an assessment of the attenuation of the noise. Studies have been carried out on individuals living close to small wind system installations, as well as individuals being played recordings of wind turbine noise to investigate the level and type of noise they perceive and to link this to an individual’s attitude towards wind turbines, personality traits and symptom reporting. CFD has been used to model the flow fields around 2D blade sections to identify the likely noise mechanisms associated with small wind systems by observing the turbulent regions near the aerofoil wall. Finally, a comparison of the three methods has been carried out to identify that the overall level of small wind system noise is low but it is the nature of the sounds that increase the likely perception of the noise.
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Severefarmer's lung following a workplace challenge. Scand J Work Environ Health 1992;18:327-8. A severe attack of farmer's lung developed in a dairy farmer after a workplace challenge. The patient showed full recovery after corticosteroid therapy. If a workplace challenge is considered necessary in the diagnosis of farmer's lung, care should be taken to avoid unnecessarily heavy exposure to the offending antigens.
The effects of phonetic environment on English /æ/ among speakers of Mexican heritage in Michigan

This study investigates whether coarticulatory effects on the pronunciation of /ae/ display previously unattested patterns in the English of Mexican Americans from Lansing, Michigan. The analysis is based on wordlist data from sixteen lifelong residents of Michigan who are also native speakers of English. Findings show extreme raising of /ae/ pre-nasally—a feature that is prevalent in local Anglo speech—in female respondents under 25. T-tests reveal no statistically significant raising of /ae/ before nasals in the other ten speakers, however, providing a counterexample to Labov’s hypothesis that some raising of /ae/ in a pre-nasal environment occurs in almost every dialect of American English (Labov 1994: 197). These results concur with Thomas (2001), who found a lack of /ae/-raising in a prenasal environment in Mexican American speakers of English in Texas. Results for other phonetic environments agree with previous sociophonetic and laboratory phonology findings.