Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 30 GeV dimuon excess at ALEPH

A simple variation of a two-Higgs-doublet model is proposed to describe the $30\,{\rm GeV}$ dimuon excess reported by Heister in his reanalysis of $Z \to \bar bb$ events in ALEPH data taken in 1992-95. The heavier CP-even Higgs $H$ is the $125\,{\rm GeV}$ Higgs boson discovered at the LHC. The model admits two options for describing the dimuon excess: (1) The lighter CP-even Higgs $h$ and the CP-odd state $\eta_A$ are approximately degenerate and contribute to the $30\,{\rm GeV}$ excess. (2) Only the $h$ is at $30\,{\rm GeV}$ while the $\eta_A$ and $H$ are approximately degenerate at $125\,{\rm GeV}$. The ALEPH data favor option 1. Testable predictions are presented for LHC as well as LEP experiments. A potential no-go theorem for models of this type is also discussed.
The two-component giant radio halo in the galaxy cluster Abell 2142

We report on a spectral study at radio frequencies of the giant radio halo in A2142 (z=0.0909), which we performed to explore its nature and origin. A2142 is not a major merger and the presence of a giant radio halo is somewhat surprising. We performed deep radio observations with the GMRT at 608 MHz, 322 MHz, and 234 MHz and with the VLA in the 1-2 GHz band. We obtained high-quality images at all frequencies in a wide range of resolutions. The radio halo is well detected at all frequencies and extends out to the most distant cold front in A2142. We studied the spectral index in two regions: the central part of the halo and a second region in the direction of the most distant south-eastern cold front, selected to follow the bright part of the halo and X-ray emission. We complemented our observations with a preliminary LOFAR image at 118 MHz and with the re-analysis of archival VLA data at 1.4 GHz. The two components of the radio halo show different observational properties. The central brightest part has higher surface brightess and a spectrum whose steepness is similar to those of the known radio halos, i.e. $\alpha^{\rm 1.78~GHz}_{\rm 118~MHz}=1.33\pm 0.08$. The ridge, which fades into the larger scale emission, is broader in size and has considerably lower surface brightess and a moderately steeper spectrum, i.e. $\alpha^{\rm 1.78~GHz}_{\rm 118~MHz}\sim 1.5$. We propose that the brightest part of the radio halo is powered by the central sloshing in A2142, similar to what has been suggested for mini-halos, or by secondary electrons generated by hadronic collisions in the ICM. On the other hand, the steeper ridge may probe particle re-acceleration by turbulence generated either by stirring the gas and magnetic fields on a larger scale or by less energetic mechanisms, such as continuous infall of galaxy groups or an off-axis merger.
Beyond the linear analysis of stability in higher derivative gravity with the Bianchi-I metric

The study of stability of gravitational perturbations in higher derivative gravity has shown that at the linear level the massive unphysical ghost is not generated from vacuum if the initial seed of metric perturbation has frequency essentially below the Planck threshold. The mathematical knowledge indicated that the linear stability is supposed to hold even at the nonperturbative level, but in such a complicated case it is important to perform a verification of this statement. We compare the asymptotic stability solutions at the linear and full nonperturbative levels for the Bianchi-I metric with small anisotropies, which can be regarded as an extreme, zero frequency limit of a gravitational wave. As one should expect from the combination of previous analysis and general mathematical theorems, there is a good correspondence between linear stability and the nonperturbative asymptotic behavior.
Two Types of Long-duration Quasi-static Evolution of Solar Filaments

In this Letter, we investigate the long-duration quasi-static evolution of 12 pre-eruptive filaments (four active region (AR) and eight quiescent filaments), mainly focusing on the evolution of the filament height in 3D and the decay index of the background magnetic field. The filament height in 3D is derived through two-perspective observations of Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO). The coronal magnetic field is reconstructed using the potential field source surface model. A new finding is that the filaments we studied show two types of long-duration evolution: one type comprises a long-duration static phase and a short, slow rise phase with a duration of less than 12 hr and a speed of 0.1–0.7 km s−1, while the other one only presents a slow rise phase but with an extremely long duration of more than 60 hr and a smaller speed of 0.01–0.2 km s−1. At the moment approaching the eruption, the decay index of the background magnetic field at the filament height is similar for both AR and quiescent filaments. The average value and upper limit are ∼0.9 and ∼1.4, close to the critical index of torus instability. Moreover, the filament height and background magnetic field strength are also found to be linearly and exponentially related with the filament length, respectively.
Financial Intermediation and the Funding of Biomedical Innovation: A Review

We review the literature on financial intermediation in the process by which new medical therapeutics are financed, developed, and delivered. We discuss the contributing factors that lead to a key finding in the literature—underinvestment in biomedical R&D—and focus on the role that banks and other intermediaries can play in financing biomedical R&D and potentially closing this funding gap. We conclude with a discussion of the role of financial intermediation in the delivery of healthcare to patients. * We thank Christa Bouwman (the editor), an associate editor, Jash Jain, and Anjan Thakor for helpful comments. We also thank Jayna Cummings for editorial assistance. † MIT Sloan School of Management, Laboratory for Financial Engineering (LFE), Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), and NBER. ‡ University of Minnesota – Carlson School of Management and MIT LFE. January 2023 © 2023 by Andrew W. Lo and Richard T. Thakor Page 1 of 73 All Rights Reserved
The bound fraction of young star clusters

Context. The residual gas within newly formed star clusters is expelled through stellar feedback on timescales ≲ 1 Myr. The subsequent expansion of the cluster results in an unbinding of a fraction of stars, before the remaining cluster members can re-virialize and form a surviving cluster. Aims. We investigate the bound fraction after gas expulsion as a function of initial cluster mass in stars M_(ecl) and gauge the influence of primordial mass segregation, stellar evolution and the tidal field at solar distance. We also assess the impact of the star-formation efficiency e_(SFE) and gas expulsion velocity v_g. Methods. We perform N-body simulations using Sverre Aarseth’s NBODY7 code, starting with compact clusters in their embedded phase and approximate the gas expulsion by means of an exponentially depleting external gravitational field. We follow the process of re-virialization through detailed monitoring of different Lagrange radii over several Myr, examining initial half-mass radii of 0.1 pc, 0.3 pc and 0.5 pc and M_(ecl) usually ranging from 5 × 10^3 M_⊙ to 5 × 10^4 M_⊙. Results. The strong impact of the relation between the gas expulsion timescale and the crossing time means that clusters with the same initial core density can have very different bound fractions. The adopted e_(SFE) = 0.33 in the cluster volume results in a distinct sensitivity to v_g over a wide mass range, while a variation of e_(SFE) can make the cluster robust to the rapidly decreasing external potential. We confirm that primordial mass segregation leads to a smaller bound fraction, its influence possibly decreasing with mass. Stellar evolution has a higher impact on lower mass clusters, but heating through dynamical friction could expand the cluster to a similar extent. The examined clusters expand well within their tidal radii and would survive gas expulsion even in a strong tidal field.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF HAND WASHING BEHAVIOR TOWARDS DIARRHEA CASES IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN

Introduction: Hand washing is one of the current clean and healthy living behaviours that is a world concern. The problem of bad-hand washing behaviour not only occurs in developing countries but also in developed countries where most people still forget the importance of washing hands. The prevalence of diarrhoea among children aged 5-14 years reaches 182.338 (6.2%). The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between hand-washing behaviour and cases of diarrhoea in school-age children at Angkasa 2 Elementary School. Methods: This research method is quantitative, with a descriptive correlation research design, and uses a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study was 63 respondents taken by purposive sampling. Data collection used questionnaires and observation sheets, analyzing data using a Chi-square test. Results: 73.01% of respondents had good hand-washing behaviour, while 26.98% had less hand-washing behaviour. Then, the respondents with good diarrhoea cases were 69.84%, and those with fewer diarrhoea cases were 30.15%. The statistical test showed a relationship between the variables of hand-washing behaviour with cases of diarrhoea (p =<0.001). Conclusions: There is a relationship between hand-washing behaviour and cases of diarrhoea in school-age children at Angkasa 2 elementary school. Hand washing is the most important basic technique in preventing and controlling the transmission of diarrheal diseases. It is necessary to have good facilities and knowledge about hand-washing, and the delivery of messages must be done recur so that understanding can align with these behavioural practices.
The sharp bound of the third Hankel determinants for inverse of starlike functions with respect to symmetric points

We study the sharp bound for the third Hankel determinant for the inverse function $f$, when it belongs to of the class of starlike functions with respect to symmetric points.Let $\mathcal{S}^{\ast}_{s}$ be the class of starlike functions with respect to symmetric points. In the article proves the following statements (Theorem): If $f\in \mathcal{S}^{\ast}_{s}$ then\begin{equation*}\big|H_{3,1}(f^{-1})\big|\leq1,\end{equation*}and the result is sharp for $f(z)=z/(1-z^2). $
Theoretical studies on mechanical and electronic properties of s-triazine sheet

Abstract Mechanical and electronic properties of s-triazine sheet are studied using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The in-plane stiffness and bulk modulus for s-triazine sheet are found to be less than that of heptazine. The reduction can be related to the nature of the covalent bonds connecting the adjacent sheets and the number of atoms per unit cell. The Poisson’s ratio of s-triazine sheet is half the value to that of graphene. Additionally, the calculated values of the two critical strains (elastic and yielding points) of s-triazine sheet are in the same order of magnitude to that for heptazine which was calculated using MD simulations in the literature. It is also demonstrated that s-triazine sheet can withstand larger tension in the plastic region. These results established a stable mechanical property for s-triazine sheet. We found a linear relationship of bandgap as a function of bi-axial tensile strain within the harmonic elastic region. The reduced steric repulsion of the lone pairs (px-, py-) causes the pz-like orbital to shift to high energy, and consequently an increase in the bandgap. We find no electronic properties modulation of the s-triazine sheet under electric field up to a peak value of 10 V/nm. Such noble properties may be useful in future nanomaterial applications.
The Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Gamiguibi-Tang versus Hwangryunhaedok-Tang for Patients with Insomnia Disorder Based on a Randomized Controlled Trial

(1) Insomnia is associated with poor quality of life and loss of productivity, and is a significant economic burden on society. Gamiguibi-tang (GGBT) is the most frequently prescribed herbal medicine for insomnia treatment. Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HHT) is used as an insured herbal medicine for insomnia in the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) system. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of GGBT versus HHT in patients with insomnia disorders based on clinical trial data; (2) Methods: The EuroQol five-dimension scale (EQ-5D) was used to estimate quality-adjusted life-years (QALY). Direct and non-direct medical costs and lost productivity costs were estimated. The cost-effectiveness of GGBT was compared with HHT treatments over six weeks from a societal perspective; (3) Results: A total of 81 patients who underwent GGBT (n = 56) and HHT (n = 25) treatment completed the clinical trial. The EQ-5D score improved significantly more in the GGBT than in the HHT group (0.02 vs. −0.03, p < 0.05). The QALYs for six weeks were slightly greater in GGBT (0.0997) than in the HHT group (0.0987); however, the total costs incurred were approximately 9% less in GGBT ($934) than in the HHT group ($1029). GGBT was found to be a more economically dominant treatment option compared to HHT for treating insomnia; (4) Conclusions: Among herbal medicines, GGBT may be a cost-effective option for treating insomnia from a societal perspective in Korea.
The Dynamics of Importer-Exporter Connections

I develop a trade model featuring importer-exporter connections. In the model, importers differ in productivity, final demand elasticity, and substitutability of inputs. Importers invest in expanding the set of potential exporters and choose from which to source. The model delivers three novel predictions. The lower final demand elasticity and the higher substitutability of inputs of an importer: (i) the lower the growth rate in importer’s connections, (ii) the more likely are connections to be discontinued, and (iii) the lower the trade value growth per surviving connection. I provide evidence in favor of these predictions by using customs transaction data from Colombia. JEL: D21, F10, F14, F23, L14
Muon spin relaxation studies of incommensurate magnetism and superconductivity in stage-4 La2CuO4.11 and La1.88Sr0.12CuO4

We report muon spin relaxation (μSR) measurements using single crystals of oxygen-intercalated stage-4 La 2 CuO 4 . 1 1 (LCO:4.11) and La 1 . 8 8 Sr 0 . 1 2 CuO 4 (LSCO:0.12), in which neutron scattering studies have found incommensurate magnetic Bragg reflections. In both systems, zero-field μSR measurements show muon spin precession below the Neel temperature T N with frequency 3.6 MHz at T→0, having a Bessel function line shape, characteristic of spin-density-wave systems. The amplitude of the oscillating and relaxing signals of these systems is less than half the value expected for systems with static magnetic order in 100% of the volume. Our results are consistent with a simulation of local fields for a heuristic model with (a) incommensurate spin amplitude modulation with the maximum ordered Cu moment size of ∼0. 36μ B , (b) static Cu moments on the CuO 2 planes forming "islands" having typical radius 15-30 A, comparable to the in-plane superconducting coherence length, and (c) the measured volume fraction of magnetic muon sites V μ increasing progressively with decreasing temperature below T N towards V μ ∼40% for LCO:4.11 and 18% for LSCO:0.12 at T→0. These results may be compared with correlation lengths in excess of 600 A and a long range ordered moment of 0.15′0. 05μg measured with neutron scattering techniques. In this paper we discuss a model that reconciles these apparently contradictory results. In transverse magnetic field μSR measurements, sensitive to the in-plane magnetic field penetration depth λ a b , the results for LCO:4.11 and LSCO:0.12 follow correlations found for underdoped, overdoped and Zn-doped high-T c cuprate systems in a plot of T c versus the superconducting relaxation rate σ(T→0). This indicates that the volume-integrated value of n s /m* (superconducting carrier density / effective mass) is a determining factor for T c , not only in high-T c cuprate systems without static magnetism, but also in the present systems where superconductivity coexists with static spin-density-wave spin order.
G-warm inflation

A warm inflationary universe in the context of Galileon model or G-model is studied. Under a general formalism we study the inflationary dynamics and the cosmological perturbations considering a coupling of the form G(ϕ,X)=g(ϕ) X. As a concrete example, we consider an exponential potential together with the cases in which the dissipation and Galilean coefficients are constants. Also, we study the weak regime given by the condition R<1+3gHϕ̇, and the strong regime in which 1<R+3gHϕ̇. Additionally, we obtain constraints on the parameters during the evolution of G-warm inflation, assuming the condition for warm inflation in which the temperature T>H, the conditions or the weak and strong regimes, together with the consistency relation r=r(ns) from Planck data.
Tuning phase stability and short-range order through Al doping in 
(CoCrFeMn)100−xAlx
 high-entropy alloys

For (CoCrFeMn)$_{100-x}$Al$_{x}$ high-entropy alloys, we investigate the phase evolution with increasing Al-content (0 $\le$ x $\le$ 20 at.%). From first-principles theory, the Al-doping drives the alloy structurally from FCC to BCC separated by a narrow two-phase region (FCC+BCC), which is well supported by our experiments. We highlight the effect of Al-doping on the formation enthalpy and electronic structure of (CoCrFeMn)$_{100-x}$Al$_{x}$ alloys. As chemical short-range order (SRO) in multicomponent alloys indicates the nascent local order (and entropy changes), as well as expected low-temperature ordering behavior, we use thermodynamic linear-response within density-functional theory to predict SRO and ordering transformation and temperatures inherent in (CoCrFeMn)$_{100-x}$Al$_{x}$. The predictions agree with our present experimental findings, and other reported ones.
Comment on"Inferring broken detailed balance in the absence of observable currents"

In this reply, we resolve the apparent discrepancy raised in the"Comment on Inferring broken detailed balance in the absence of observable currents"[arXiv:2112.08978v1]. We stress that the non-instantaneous transition paths originate from the choice of a decimation process non-local in time, in contrast to the decimation process described in our original work, which commutes with time-reversal. Therefore, the example using such a non-local decimation procedure, which indeed gives rise to spurious time-irreversibility, does not invalidate our main result, which was rigorously derived and proven mathematically. We hope this reply highlights the subtlety of the different choices for decimating time series data which is pivotal for a correct understanding of the thermodynamics of small systems.
Development of Sense of Coherence Stability in the AGORA Healthy Ageing Study

Sense of coherence (SOC) is a psycho-social trait formed in childhood or adolescence, allowing individuals to be more resilient to daily life stressors, stay well, and improve their personal health. Although SOC remains stable after the age of thirty, only a few studies investigated its stability in adulthood. The aim was to investigate the development of SOC over time in 489 participants and its association with age, gender, educational level, or negative life events. The study was performed as part of the Healthy Ageing project of the Academic Collaborative Centre AGORA, a longitudinal study involving four municipalities of Eastern Netherlands. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to monitor the SOC of the elderly in 2008, 2010, and 2013, using the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (SOC-13). The analysis included repeated-measures ANOVA analysis and bivariate analysis using Pearson’s chi square test. We found no statistically significant variation in SOC over time (F (2, 282) = 2.99, p = 0.052) and no significant association with age (F (2, 282) = 2.851, p = 0.06), gender (F (2, 282) = 0.845, p = 0.43), or educational level (F (2, 282) = 0.708, p = 0.49). SOC remained stable in the elderly population, even if they experienced negative events over their lifespan.
Experimental study of weak antilocalization effects in a high-mobilityInxGa1−xAs/InPquantum well

The magnetoresistance associated with quantum interference corrections in a high mobility, gated ${\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}s}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{I}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{P}$ quantum well structure is studied as a function of temperature, gate voltage, and angle of the tilted magnetic field. Particular attention is paid to the experimental extraction of phase-breaking and spin-orbit scattering times when weak anti-localization effects are prominent. Compared with metals and low mobility semiconductors the characteristic magnetic field ${B}_{\mathrm{tr}}=\ensuremath{\Elzxh}/4\mathrm{eD}\ensuremath{\tau}$ in high mobility samples is very small and the experimental dependencies of the interference effects extend to fields several hundreds of times larger. Fitting experimental results under these conditions therefore requires theories valid for arbitrary magnetic field. It was found, however, that such a theory was unable to fit the experimental data without introducing an extra, empirical, scale factor of about 2. Measurements in tilted magnetic fields and as a function of temperature established that both the weak localization and the weak antilocalization effects have the same, orbital origin. Fits to the data confirmed that the width of the low field feature, whether a weak localization or a weak antilocalization peak, is determined by the phase-breaking time and also established that the universal (negative) magnetoresistance observed in the high field limit is associated with a temperature independent spin-orbit scattering time.
Effects of Different Concentrations of Oil Mist Particulate Matter on Pulmonary Fibrosis In Vivo and In Vitro

Highlights What are the main findings? OMPM exposure induced lung lesions and PF in rats. What is the implication of the main finding? OMPM exposure induced PF via TGF-β1/Smad3 and TGF-β1/p38 MAPK signaling pathways. OMPM exposure induced fibrotic phenotypes in the BEAS-2B cell line. OMPM exposure activated the differentiation of the HFL-1 cell line. OMPM exposure led to the BEAS-2B cell line being able to induce the differentiation of the HFL-1 cell line. Abstract Oil-mist particulate matter (OMPM) refers to oily particles with a small aerodynamic equivalent diameter in ambient air. Since the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) has not been fully elucidated, this study aims to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of the adverse effects of exposure to OMPM at different concentrations in vivo and in vitro on PF. In this study, rats and cell lines were treated with different concentrations of OMPM in vivo and in vitro. Sirius Red staining analysis shows that OMPM exposure could cause pulmonary lesions and fibrosis symptoms. The expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, and collagen I was increased in the lung tissue of rats. The activities of MMP2 and TIMP1 were unbalanced, and increased N-Cadherin and decreased E-Cadherin upon OMPM exposure in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, OMPM exposure could activate the TGF-β1/Smad3 and TGF-β1/MAPK p38 signaling pathways, and the differentiation of human lung fibroblast HFL-1 cells. Therefore, OMPM exposure could induce PF by targeting the lung epithelium and fibroblasts, and activating the TGF-β1/Smad3 and TGF-β1/MAPK p38 signaling pathways.