Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cannabidiol for the treatment of cannabis use disorder: Phase IIa double-blind placebo-controlled randomised adaptive Bayesian dose-finding trial

Background— There is a substantial and unmet clinical need for pharmacological treatment of cannabis use disorders. Cannabidiol (CBD) could offer a novel treatment but it is unclear which doses might be effective or safe. from cannabis by 0.27 days per week (95% Interval Estimate= -0.09, 0.64). CBD was well tolerated with no severe adverse events and 94% completed treatment. Interpretation— In the first randomised clinical trial of CBD for cannabis use disorder, 400mg and 800mg CBD were safe and more effective than placebo at reducing cannabis use. Trial registration— https://www.clinicaltrialsregister. eu/ctr-search/trial/2013-000361-36/GB a novel indication for CBD. Trials testing a single dose against placebo may fail to select the most effective dose for that indication. Therefore, in this study we conducted a Phase IIa trial to identify potentially effective doses and eliminate ineffective doses using an adaptive Bayesian design. Bayesian methods are advantageous for adaptive clinical trials due to their efficiency, flexibility and ability to make use of all available evidence in a formal and principled way. As a result, they can reduce the amount of resources and participant burden required when conducting clinical trials. Furthermore, Bayesian analyses provide direct probabilistic measures of the likelihood of a hypothesis (i.e. that a treatment is more effective than placebo), given the evidence provided by the data. As such they provide results that can be more clinically meaningful than frequentist analyses, which test of the likelihood of the data given the null hypothesis (i.e. that a treatment does not differ from placebo). We selected a dose range informed by previous clinical trials of oral CBD 30,31 of 200mg, 400mg and 800mg daily for four weeks. Our primary objective was to identify which (if any) dose of CBD was most effective at reducing cannabis use compared to placebo. cannabis use disorder severity in a study testing 15 different biological and self-report measures of cannabis use. Urine samples were collected at site visits using temperature monitored cups to ensure compliance (Galle pot, Synergy Health, Abergavenny, UK). They were stored in 10ml polypropylene tubes at -80°C prior to analysis using Liquid Chromotography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry by ABS Laboratories (Hertford, UK) with a lower limit of THC-COOH quantification of 1 ng/ml. Self-reported days abstinent from cannabis were assessed weekly using the Timeline Follow-back method. 38 The primary endpoint was a reduction in urinary THC-COOH:creatinine concentrations and/or increased days per week abstinent from cannabis for CBD versus placebo during treatment, evidenced by posterior probabilities exceeding Pr = 0.9. All primary endpoint data were double-entered independently by two researchers and
Relationship between glycerol administration to livestock 24 h before sacrifice and indicators of physiological and oxidative stress

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral administration of glycerol, as a source of energy, to steers 24 h before slaughter on biochemical indicators of physiological and oxidative stress. Fifty Zebu x Swissor Simental-cross steers were selected at random at the finalizing stage impending slaughter. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein before administering the treatments and 24 h afterward. After sacrifice, samples of the Longissimus dorsi muscle were collected. Biochemical indicators evaluated in bovine serum were hematocrit (VGA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate (LAC), cortisol (COR), glucose (GLU), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHT), creatine kinase enzyme (CK), free non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), antioxidant activity (FRAP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and glutathione peroxidase reaction (GSH-Px). The variables evaluated in meat were TBARS, FRAP, pH, texture and shelf life. Analysis of the stress biomarkers evaluated in bovine serum did not reveal differences (P>0.05) between treatments T0 and T1 for the variables COR, VGA, GLU, NEFA, BHT or CK. There were, however, differences between sampling times for the variables FRAP (P = 0.021) and GSH (P = 0.006). The indicators FRAP and TBARS in the sampled meat were not different (P>0.05) between treatments. Meat pH changed over time (P=0.0002), but not its texture (P>0.05). It is concluded that the administration of glycerol as an energy supplement 24 h before sacrifice did not modify the balance of physiological constants of the evaluated steers, nor did it produce significant changes in shelf life of meat.
An Analysis of Personality Traits of Indonesian Start-Up Entrepreneurs Based on Social Media Footprint

The objective of this research was to analyze the personality traits of successful Indonesian start-up entrepreneurs whose businesses were in the top 200 based on start-upranking.com. Using IBM Watson Personality Insights, the Big Five personality traits from 27 samples were measured. The Big Five personality traits include openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and mean comparison. Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the difference in personalities between genders, while the Spearman test was utilized to identify the correlation between education level and personalities. The results revealed that Indonesian start-up entrepreneurs tended to be more open, more conscientious, moderate in extraversion, less agreeable, and more neurotic (O+, C+, E, A-, N+). There was no personality difference in different genders and no correlation between education level and personality traits either. The results of this study should serve as a point of departure for future studies on start-up entrepreneurs’ personality traits in Indonesia. Additionally, future studies are suggested to employ a larger number of samples from different countries. Keywords: angel investors, big five personality traits, Indonesian entrepreneurs, social media analysis, start-up
When does spatial diversification usefully maximise the durability of crop disease resistance?

Maximising the durability of crop disease resistance genes in the face of pathogen evolution is a major challenge in modern agricultural epidemiology. Spatial diversification in the deployment of resistance genes, where susceptible and resistant fields are more closely intermixed, is predicted to drive lower epidemic intensities over evolutionary timescales. This is due to an increase in the strength of dilution effects, caused by pathogen inoculum challenging host tissue to which it is not well-specialised. The factors that interact with and determine the magnitude of this spatial effect are not currently well understood however, leading to uncertainty over the pathosystems where such a strategy is most likely to be cost-effective. We model the effect on landscape scale disease dynamics of spatial heterogeneity in the arrangement of fields planted with either susceptible or resistant cultivars, and the way in which this effect depends on the parameters governing the pathosystem of interest. Our multi-season semi-discrete epidemiological model tracks spatial spread of wild-type and resistance breaking pathogen strains, and incorporates a localised reservoir of inoculum, as well as the effects of within and between field transmission. The pathogen dispersal characteristics, any fitness cost(s) of the resistance breaking trait, the efficacy of host resistance, and the length of the timeframe of interest, all influence the strength of the spatial diversification effect. These interactions, which are often complex and non-linear in nature, produce substantial variation in the predicted yield gain from the use of a spatial diversification strategy. This in turn allows us to make general predictions of the types of system for which spatial diversification is most likely to be cost-effective, paving the way for potential economic modelling and pathosystem specific evaluation. These results highlight the importance of studying the effect of genetics on landscape scale spatial dynamics within host-pathogen disease systems.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Loyalitas Muzakki Melalui Kepuasan Muzakki Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) Kota Serang

This study aims to determine (1) the quality of service does not directly affect the loyalty of muzakki; (2) the quality of service had a significant effect on muzakki satisfaction; (3) muzakki satisfaction has a direct effect on muzakki loyalty; (4) muzakki satisfaction is able to mediate the quality of service and muzakki loyalty. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all muzakki of BAZNAS Serang City. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling obtained by 65 muzakki. The results showed that: (1) the quality of service does not directly affect the loyalty of muzakki, as evidenced by the significance value of 0,140 > 0,05 and the regression coefficient of 0,134; (2) the quality of service had a significant effect on muzakki satisfaction, evidenced by a significance value of 0,000 < 0,05 and a regression coefficient of 0,530; (3) muzakki satisfaction has a direct effect on muzakki loyalty, as evidenced by the significance value of 0,000 < 0,05 and a regression coefficient of 0,721; (4) muzakki satisfaction is able to mediate the quality of service and muzakki loyalty.
Multiple independent origins of intermediate species betweenSorbus aucupariaandS. hybrida(Rosaceae) in the Baltic region

Populations intermediate between the diploid and sexual Sorbus aucuparia and the tetraploid and facultative apomictic Sorbus hybrida are scattered in coastal regions of southern Scandinavia. Our aims were to investigate whether these populations were of local and independent origins, whether they were morphologically and molecularly distinct from each other and whether they could give rise to constant offspring by apomixis. Six intermediate populations from the Baltic Sea basin were studied for variation at nuclear and plastid microsatellite loci, for morphological differentiation patterns, and for ploidy level by flow cytometry. Seeds were sown to check for constancy with the mother plants. Three populations from Gotland and possibly the small population from Uppland were in each case fixed for a unique combination of genetic markers, had restricted variation in leaf shape and were morphologically divergent from each other. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the four genetically monomorphic populations were consistently triploid. Cultivation showed that offspring from trees within two of the monomorphic populations had leaf shapes closely similar to the mother individuals. In contrast, a population from Gotland and a population from Aland were variable at molecular marker loci and were variable in leaf shape. The three monomorphic Gotland populations and possibly also the Uppland population propagate asexually by apomixis, and they have independent origins. The two variable populations are apparently composed of hybrids that have been formed repeatedly and independently between individuals of the two parental species growing at the same sites. One of the Gotland apomicts has already been described as Sorbus teodori. Sorbus faohraei Hedren & J.Levin and Sorbus atrata Hedren & J.Levin are described as new apomictic species from Gotland. (Less)
Dissecting the sharp response of a canonical developmental enhancer reveals multiple sources of cooperativity

Developmental enhancers integrate graded concentrations of input transcription factors (TFs) to create sharp gene expression boundaries. Here we examine the hunchback P2 (HbP2) enhancer which drives a sharp expression pattern in the Drosophila blastoderm embryo in response to the transcriptional activator Bicoid (Bcd). We systematically interrogate cis and transfactors that influence the shape and position of expression driven by HbP2, and find that the prevailing model, based on cooperative binding of Bcd to HbP2 is not adequate. We demonstrate that other proteins, such as pioneer factors, mediator and histone modifiers influence the shape and position of the HbP2 expression pattern. By comparing our results to theory, we assess how higher-order cooperativity and energy expenditure impact boundary location and sharpness. Our results emphasize that the bacterial view of transcription regulation, where pairwise interactions between regulatory proteins dominate, must be re-examined in animals, where multiple molecular mechanisms collaborate to shape the gene regulatory function.
Genetic Characterization of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Germplasm for Quantitative Traits through Principal Component Analysis

Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L) Czern&Coss] is an important oilseed crop of Brassicaceae family which accounts more than 70 % under rapeseed and mustard. The Brassicaceae, contains about 3500 species and 350 genera, is one of the 10 most economically important plant families. Rapeseed-mustard comprising eight different species viz. Indian mustard, toria, yellow sarson, brown sarson, gobhisarson, karanrai, black mustard and taramira are being cultivated in 53 countries spreading all over the world. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is the second most important oilseed crop International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 5 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Open Source Cross-Sectional Asset Pricing

We provide data and code that successfully reproduces nearly all crosssectional stock return predictors. Our 319 characteristics draw from previous meta-studies, but we differ by comparing our t-stats to the original papers' results. For the 161 characteristics that were clearly significant in the original papers, 98% of our long-short portfolios find t-stats above 1.96. For the 44 characteristics that had mixed evidence, our reproductions find t-stats of 2 on average. A regression of reproduced t-stats on original longshort t-stats finds a slope of 0.90 and an R2 of 83%. Mean returns aremonotonic in predictive signals at the characteristic level. The remaining 114 characteristics were insignificant in the original papers or are modifications of the originals created byHou, Xue, and Zhang (2020). These remaining characteristics are almost always significant if the original characteristic was also significant.
Deterministic Coherence-Based Performance Guarantee for Noisy Sparse Subspace Clustering using Greedy Neighbor Selection

Sparse subspace clustering (SSC) using greedy- based neighbor selection, such as matching pursuit (MP) and orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP), has been known as a popular computationally-efficient alternative to the conventional ℓ1-minimization based solutions. Under deterministic bounded noise corruption, in this paper we derive coherence-based sufficient conditions guaranteeing correct neighbor identification using MP/OMP. Our analyses exploit the maximum/minimum inner product between two noisy data points subject to a known upper bound on the noise level. The obtained sufficient condition clearly reveals the impact of noise on greedy-based neighbor recovery. Specifically, it asserts that, as long as noise is sufficiently small and the resultant perturbed residual vectors stay close to the desired subspace, both MP and OMP succeed in returning a correct neighbor subset. Extensive numerical experiments are used to corroborate our theoretical study. A striking finding is that, as long as the ground truth subspaces are well-separated from each other, MP-based iterations, while enjoying lower algorithmic complexity, yields smaller perturbed residuals, thereby better able to identify correct neighbors and, in turn, achieving higher global data clustering accuracy.
Evaluation of Onion Varieties Using Spring-sowing Method in Aomori Prefecture

The distribution of domestic onions decreases due to the off-crop season of large production areas such as Hokkaido, Saga, and Hyogo from late June until early September, while imported products compensate to meet the market needs during this period. In Aomori, a conventional autumn-sowing cultivation technique is normally used for growing onions; however, production in this area is not so common because of low yield (due to the bad-weather conditions) and/or competition with garlic cultivation in the same area and the same season. Our preliminary study showed that a number of cultivars could be successfully harvested from mid-July if the seeds were sown in February and the seedlings were planted in April in the Tsugaru region— namely the ‘Spring-sowing technique’. In this study, a 3-year trial was conducted with the aim of choosing suitable varieties for the February-sowing technique. ‘Queru-tama’ and ‘Marusou’ could be harvested in mid-July and showed a sufficient yield and low rate of rotten bulbs. ‘Kita-momiji 2000’ and ‘Okhotsk 222’ were harvested from late July to early August and showed high yields. These two varieties were characterized as suitable varieties for storage and long-term shipping. ‘Quergold’ contained markedly high levels of quercetin glycosides; thus, this variety may be characterized as ‘a high-functional variety’. We showed an effective method for the multifaceted visual evaluation of cultivars using radar chart graphs in order to adjust to the various needs of growers and consumers.
Coastal Wind Measurements and Power Assessment Using a LIDAR on a Pier

Abstract This paper reports the first LIDAR measurements obtained on a fishing pier in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. A laboratory was built to monitor the vertical structure, time and directional variability of winds in the transitional region between the ocean and the continent. A meteorological station provided pressure, temperature, wind and humidity data. Prevailing winds tend to blow from the NE along the coastline, strongly influenced by the South Atlantic Subtropical High Pressure center. Sea and land breezes had significant amplitude. The offshore wind component (sea breeze) was generally active from 11:00 to 20:00 h; the onshore component (land breeze) from 22:00 to 09:00 h. Weak vertical shear and increasing wind speeds were typically observed in the early afternoon, while stronger shear and the highest wind speeds tend to occur in the late afternoon. Winds profiles from the ocean sector were usually more intense and less sheared. The average power of wind turbines was estimated. The local resource is nearly 2.5 times greater than that of a site located 9.3 km inland. The use of coastal laboratories was demonstrated to be a cost-saving solution for long-term monitoring of the country's wind resources.
The time course of different surround suppression mechanisms

What we see depends on the spatial context in which it appears. Previous work has linked the reduction of perceived stimulus contrast in the presence of surrounding stimuli to the suppression of neural responses in early visual cortex. It has also been suggested that this surround suppression depends on at least two separable neural mechanisms, one ‘low-level’ and one ‘higher-level,’ which can be differentiated by their response characteristics. In a recent study, we found evidence consistent with these two suppression mechanisms using psychophysical measurements of perceived contrast. Here, we used EEG to demonstrate for the first time that neural responses in the human occipital lobe also show evidence of two separable suppression mechanisms. Eighteen adults (10 female and 8 male) each participated in a total of 3 experimental sessions, in which they viewed visual stimuli through a mirror stereoscope. The first session was used to definitively identify the C1 component, while the second and third comprised the main experiment. ERPs were measured in response to center gratings either with no surround, or with surrounding gratings oriented parallel or orthogonal, and presented either in the same eye (monoptic) or opposite eye (dichoptic). We found that the earliest ERP component (C1; ∼60 ms) was suppressed in the presence of surrounding stimuli, but that this suppression did not depend on surround configuration, suggesting a low-level suppression mechanism which is not tuned for relative orientation. A later response component (N1; ∼160 ms) showed stronger surround suppression for parallel and monoptic stimulus configurations, consistent with our earlier psychophysical results and a higher-level, binocular, orientation-tuned suppression mechanism. We conclude that these two surround suppression mechanisms have distinct response time courses in the human visual system, which can be differentiated using electrophysiology.
Characterization of Arabidopsis heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) gene family and microarray analysis of gene expression in response to temperature extremes

ABSTRACT (cont.): Transgenic analysis showed that the tight regulation of cytosolic Hsc70-1 expression is essential to viability of plants and that increased BiP-2 protein levels enhanced the survival of seed after heat stress. Microarray analysis identified genes that are commonly induced or repressed in response to temperature extremes. The expression patterns of the genes in the microarray also suggested that the membrane components and the photosynthetic apparatus are primary targets for temperature stresses.
The geography of innovation and development: global spread and local hotspots

Through successive industrial revolutions, the geography of innovation around the globe has changed radically, and with it the geography of wealth creation and prosperity. Since the Third Industrial Revolution, high incomes are increasingly metropolitan, leading to a renewal of inter-regional divergence within countries. These metropolitan areas are also hotbeds of innovation. At the same time, global networks for the production and delivery of goods and services have expanded greatly in recent decades. The globalization of production is mirrored in the globalization of innovation. The paper argues that the emerging geography of innovation can be characterised as a globalized hub-to-hub system, rather than a geography of overall spread of innovation and illustrates these trends using patent data. Although much attention has been given to explaining the rise and growth of innovation clusters, there is as yet no unified framework for the micro-foundations of the agglomeration and dispersion of innovation. In addition, there appear to be strong links between growing geographical inequality of innovation and prosperity, particularly within countries. This is particularly relevant in the context of declining overall research productivity, which could be driving growing geographical concentration. All in all, there is a rich agenda for continuing to investigate the relationship between the geography of innovation, economic development and income distribution.