Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lower Bounds for Leakage-Resilient Secret-Sharing Schemes against Probing Attacks

Historically, side-channel attacks have revealed partial information about the intermediate values and secrets of computations to compromise the security of cryptographic primitives. The objective of leakage-resilient cryptography is to model such avenues of information leakage and study techniques to realize them securely. This work studies the local leakage-resilience of prominent secret-sharing schemes like Shamir's secret-sharing scheme and the additive secret-sharing scheme against probing attacks that leak physical-bits from the memory hardware storing the secret shares. Consider the additive secret-sharing scheme among $k$ parties over a prime field such that the prime needs $\lambda$-bits for its binary representation, where $\lambda$ is the security parameter. We prove that $k$ must be at least $\omega(\log\lambda/\log\log\lambda)$ for the scheme to be secure against even one physical-bit leakage from each secret share. This result improves the previous state-of-the-art result where an identical lower bound was known for one-bit general leakage from each secret share (Benhamouda, Degwekar, Ishai, and Rabin, CRYPTO–2018). This lower bound on the reconstruction threshold extends to Shamir's secret-sharing scheme if one does not carefully choose the evaluation places for generating the secret shares. For this scheme, our result additionally improves another lower bound on the reconstruction threshold $k$ of Shamir's secret-sharing scheme (Nielsen and Simkin, EUROCRYPT–2020) when the total number of parties is $\mathcal{O}(\lambda\log\lambda/\log\log\lambda)$. Our work provides the analysis of the recently-proposed (explicit) physical-bit leakage attack of Maji, Nguyen, Paskin-Cherniavsky, Suad, and Wang (EUROCRYPT–2021), namely the “parity of parity” attack. This analysis relies on lower-bounding the “discrepancy” of the Irwin-Hall probability distribution.
Students' beliefs towards written CF and their impact on writing accuracy in EFL class: A Pakistani EFL context

The effectiveness of different types of written CF to improve EFL learners’ writing accuracy has been an issue which has currently received a lot of attention in EFL field. The current study is the continuation of that focus by probing whether beliefs about written CF are varied between the university students of two different contexts. Whether differences of beliefs between two groups have impact on students’ uptake and retention. The study also investigated whether there are differences in the types of written CF that is the most useful and effective in two different contexts. By comparing students’ contexts and investigating beliefs about written CF, this study investigated the topic from cognitive perspective which is in contrast to the previous studies on cognitive perspective. Quantitative approach was used to collect data through five point Likert Scale questionnaire and writing prompts. Regarding writing prompts, the study used a pre-test, post-test, and delayed posttest, second delayed post-test design where written CF was given after the pre-test and the initial post-test. The students were placed in two groups according to their preferred written CF: direct CF group, indirect CF group and third was control group, hence; given no written CF. Findings of the current study revealed that there were marginal differences in beliefs of both groups of the students (urban and rural). Findings also indicated that types of the written CF which is the most effective were different between urban and rural students. Besides, beliefs about written CF were found to have impact on uptake and retention on the rural students but not on the urban students. The results of this study contribute the understanding about which social factors may have more impact on written CF. The contribution to the theory and research have been provided. Practical suggestions for pedagogy and future research have also been given.
Multi-decadal (1953–2017) rock glacier morphodynamics analysed by high-resolution topographic data in the Upper Kauner Valley, Austria

Abstract. Permafrost is being degraded worldwide due to the change in external forcing caused by climate change. This has also been shown to affect the morphodynamics of active rock glaciers. We studied these changes, depending on the analysis, on nine or eight active rock glaciers with different characteristics in multiple epochs between 1953 and 2017 in Kauner Valley, Austria. A combination of historical aerial photographs and airborne laser scanning data and their derivatives are used to analyse surface movement and 3D displacements. In general, the studied landforms show a significant acceleration of varying magnitude in the epoch 1997–2006 and a volume loss to varying degrees throughout the investigation period. Besides, we detect rock glaciers that show indication of inactivation. By analysing meteorological data (temperature, precipitation and snow cover onset and duration), we are able to identify possible links to these external forcing parameters. The combined investigation of horizontal and vertical 3D displacements shows that these are temporally decoupled on some rock glaciers. The catchment-wide survey further reveals that, despite the general trend, timing, magnitude and temporal peaks of morphodynamic changes indicate a slightly different sensitivity, response or response time of individual rock glaciers to fluctuations and changes in external forcing parameters.
A Surgical Pen-Type Probe Design for Real-Time Optical Diagnosis of Tumor Status Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid

A surgical microscope is large in size, which makes it impossible to be portable. The distance between the surgical microscope and the observation tissue is 15–30 cm, and the adjustment range of the right and left of the camera is a maximum of 30°. Therefore, the surgical microscope generates an attenuation (above 58%) of irradiation of the optical source owing to the long working distance (WD). Moreover, the observation of tissue is affected because of dazzling by ambient light as the optical source power is strong (55 to 160 mW/cm2). Further, observation blind spot phenomena will occur due to the limitations in adjusting the right and left of the camera. Therefore, it is difficult to clearly observe the tumor. To overcome these problems, several studies on the handheld surgical microscope have been reported. In this study, a compact pen-type probe with a portable surgical microscope is presented. The proposed surgical microscope comprises a small and portable pen-type probe that can adjust the WD between the probe and the observed tissue. In addition, it allows the adjustment of the viewing angle and fluorescence brightness. The proposed probe has no blind spots or optical density loss.
Comparison the Effectiveness of “Cognitive Behavioral Treatment” and “Unified Trans diagnostic Treatment” on Emotional Expression and Fear of Intimacy in Children of Divorce

Introduction: Divorce exposes adolescent children to severe physical, emotional, and social crises. Methods of reducing health-related problems include “Cognitive Behavioral Treatment” and “Unified Trans Diagnostic Treatment”. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of “Cognitive Behavioral Treatment” and “Unified Trans Diagnostic Treatment” on emotional expression and fear of intimacy in children of divorce. Methods: Present study was a semi-experimental with pretest and posttest design with control group. The research population was children of divorce referring to the psychological service clinics of Bandar Abbas city in year of 2019. Number of 51 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into three groups (each group 17 people). The research instrument was including the demographic form, “Emotional Expression Questionnaire” and “Descutner and Thelen Fear of Intimacy Scale”. In the present study, face validity and reliability were investigated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the instruments. The experimental groups received 10 sessions of 70 minutes with the methods of “Cognitive Behavioral Treatment” and “Unified Trans Diagnostic Treatment”, respectively and the control group didn’t received training. Data were analyzed in SPSS.19. Results: The methods of “Cognitive Behavioral Treatment” and “Unified Trans Diagnostic Treatment” in comparison to the control group led to increase emotional expression and decrease fear of intimacy in children of divorce (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two methods in increasing emotional expression and decreasing fear of intimacy (P>0.05). Conclusions: Both “Cognitive Behavioral Treatment” and “Unified Trans Diagnostic Treatment” were effective in improving emotional health-related characteristics, especially increased emotional expression and decreased fear of the intimacy of children of divorce. Therefore, health experts and therapists can use the methods to increase emotional expression and decrease fear of intimacy.
Developing Effective Senior Nurse Leaders

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to measure structural empowerment (SE) and capture short-term changes in perception for senior nurse leaders before and after a formal development experience. BACKGROUND The body of literature related to SE in senior nurse leaders is limited. Applying the SE concept to senior levels of nursing leadership provides a vehicle to impact nurse leader retention and ultimately the organization beyond singular units. METHODS The Advanced Leadership Program (ALP) was designed in collaboration with the American Nurses Association to support personal and professional development for senior nurse leaders. The sample included 28 participants from the United States and the United Kingdom over a 6-month period. RESULTS The effect of the intervention was seen in the postintervention survey rating SE higher in 5 of 7 domains as compared with the preintervention survey, reduction in overall turnover, and improvements in patient experience scores. Additionally, the participants evaluated the program in top categories, and comments were highly positive around peer support, improved working relationships, and expectations. CONCLUSION The ALP has shown promise in strengthening SE for senior nurse leaders by supporting leadership skill development, follow-up training, and peer network development.
Entrepreneurship and family support in nursing students from Brazil and Chile

Methods: A cross-sectional study with data from students from fi ve higher education institutions, collected from March to September 2018. A form, a General Enterprising Tendency (GET) test and a Perceived Family Support Inventory (Inventário de Percepção de Suporte Familiar IPSF) were used for sociodemographic assessment. Simple logistic regression models and multinomial regression models were adjusted.
Examining the Determinants of Contraceptive Use in Northern Nigeria

Background: The Northern part of Nigeria, has higher rates of child marriage, lower levels of contraceptive use, lower rates of antenatal care, fewer births delivered in a health facility, and higher total fertility rates and adolescent fertility rates than Southern regions. The purpose of this study is to identify predictors of current and intentions to use contraception, among young women of Northern Nigeria. Methods: The data analyzed in this study are from 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, part of the Demographic and Health Survey by USAID. Results: Participants (N = 10066) ranged in age from 15 to 24 (mean = 19, sd = 2.76) from the three northern regions of Nigeria, primarily lived in rural areas (68.7%, n = 7107). We found that, 83.3 percent of the sample had heard of modern contraceptive methods, though only 3.6 (n = 357.2) were currently using a modern contraceptive method, and 43.4 (n = 4286.4) intended to use them. Conclusion: The primary predictors of contraceptive use include literacy, wealth, educational levels, being the decision maker regarding contraceptives, age of first sex, wanting more children, and decisional autonomy in the home. Since the literacy is low, interventions should utilize pictures and radio programs, traditional and religious leaders, and incorporate men.
Knowledge Of Malaria Prevention And Practices In A Near-year-round Malaria Endemic Community In West Africa: The Impact Of A Decade Of Sustained Malaria Control Programme

Effective control of malaria in Sub-saharan Africa has always been slowed down by lack of adequate knowledge on transmission, modes of prevention and control. Ten years after commencement of a renewed malaria control initiative‘roll back malaria’ (RBM) on the continent, this study was set up to assess the impact of the programme in an endemic city through knowledge and practices of malaria control. The study was carried out between October and December 2009 and was cross-sectional in nature involving 3171 adult women who were selected from households using systematic sampling methods. Quantitative information such as age, educational level, marital status, occupation number of children, and knowledge of malaria prevention and practices were obtained using structured and semi structured questionnaires, while qualitative information was obtained using focussed and in-depth group discussions to complement quantitative data. Over 99% of the respondents were aware of malaria as a disease popularly called Osuala but only 63.3% considered it a serious disease of public importance. At least 16.5% of the respondents had no clear knowledge about malaria prevention. Factors affecting knowledge about malaria prevention in the community were illiteracy, poverty and unemployment, and cultural beliefs. Health education should be strengthened on malaria prevention while efforts to intensify on formal and informal adult education strengthened in order to realise the objectives of RBM initiative in the community and hence that of Africa at large. *Corresponding author:
Membrane Stabilization, Albumin Denaturation, Protease Inhibition, and Antioxidant Activity as Possible Mechanisms for the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) K. Heyne (FREPP) Stem Bark

: In view of the rising global death rate associated with inflammatory diseases, a cost-friendly, more effective and safer drug with lesser side effect is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate membrane stabilization, albumin denaturation, protease inhibition and antioxidant activities as possible mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effects observed in stem-bark of flavonoid-rich extract of Peltophorum pterocarpum (FREPP). The antioxidant activities were assessed using three various assays hydrogen peroxide, Nitric oxide (NO) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities. The mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effect of FREPP was determined by membrane stabilization models, test of albumin denaturation, protease inhibitor assay, while the total flavonoid was examined using the aluminium chloride colorimetric test. The ability of FREPP to inhibit membrane lyses of RBC was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. At 0.1, 0.4, 0.8 mg/mL, FREPP inhibited hypotonicity-induced haemolysis by 61.03%, 76.84% and 83.84% respectively. FREPP was effective in inhibiting albumin denaturation in a concentration dependent manner having the highest inhibition of 69.89% at 50 µg/mL. Protease activity was significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced across varying concentrations as against the control. It can be inferred from these results that FREPP has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and the mechanisms of the activity may be attributed to its richness in flavonoids known to inhibit lysis of the membrane, albumin denaturation and protease activity.
Evaluation of Predictive Value of Uterine Artery Doppler Indices versus Histopathology Sampling in Detection of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Users

Background: Contraceptive intrauterine device (IUD) is a successful method of contraception that has been used for more than 30 years. However, it is associated with excessive uterine bleeding, that might cause iron deficiency anaemia, making CIUD use inconvenient for many women especially those with severe menstruation. Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate the correlation between abnormal uterine bleeding in IUD with endometrial sampling. Methods: Study included 120 women from the obstetrics and gynaecology departments of Zagazig University Hospitals, divided into three groups: Group I included 40 women who used intrauterine coipper (TCu-380A) and complained of menorrhagia or menometrorrhagia. Group II included 40 womenusing CIUD and not complaining of abnormal uterine bleeding. Group III included 40 women complaining of vaginal discharge or requesting CIUD insertion, and not complaining of abnormal uterine bleeding as a control group. Results: PI and RI were significantly lower in IUD-induced irregular bleeding than in IUD-induced women who did not complain of abnormal vaginal bleeding. Conclusion: Endometrial biopsy has no role in predicting the abnormal uterine bleeding cause. Transvaginal ultrasonography findings can be efficiently used to classify women at risk of experiencing excessive uterine bleeding following CIUD insertion and to make a preliminary diagnosis, thus, notify the pathologists.
IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE INGREDIENTS IN SONCHUS OLERACEUS BY HPLC AND GC/MS

This study aims to evaluate the successive extraction of the active ingredients and their anticancer activity of arial parts (stem, leaves and flowers) of S. oleaceous. Therefore, Sonchus oleraceus aerial parts were subjected to a successive extraction by using solvent of different polarities; each fraction was evaluated for its anticancer. Each active extract was farther biogided fractionated to determine and identify the active compound/s present in each sub-fraction. All the tested species were extracted using four solvents: hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. Phenols, flavonoids and tannins were quantified for all extracts. The chemical analysis proved it to will be a good source of protein, fat and carbohydrates. The results showed that the percentages of moisture content (92.72%), ash content (15.14%), crude protein (25.94%), crude lipid (4.05%) and carbohydrate (54.87%) respectively of the S. oleraceus L. the highest content of total phenolic (TP), total flavonoid (TF) and total tannin (TT) was obtained by methanol fraction. The active ingredients were evaluated as well employing gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data showed the identification of ten volatile compounds in hexane fraction of the Sonchus oleraceus, among them two were found to be the major components 9 Octadecenamide (CAS) 40.92% and 1 Hexacosanol 21.01%. The HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds confirmed that the water fraction of Sonchus oleraceus L detected high amounts of pyrogallol and chlorogenic respectively. The result showed that pronounced cytotoxic activity of cancer cells at 100 μg/ml in aqueous fraction in breast cancer (94.8%), while in Methanol extract in Colon Carcinoma (88%) On the other hand, ethyl acetate fraction of the Sonchus Oleraceus showed the highest percentage of colon cancer cells (82.6%) and breast cancer (80%), while the ethyl acetate extract in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line showed moderate effect (46.3%). Thus, our results highlight of Sonchus oleraceus L for its possible clinical use to oppose malignancy development against mostly breast and colon cell line as a bio agent in pharmaceutical industries.
Agent-Based Simulation for Evaluation of Contact-Tracing Policies Against the Spread of SARS-CoV-2

The decline of active COVID-19 cases in many countries in the world has proved that lockdown policies are indeed a very effective measure to stop the exponential spread of the virus. Still, the danger of a second wave of infections is omnipresent and it is clear, that every policy of the lockdown has to be carefully evaluated and possibly replaced by a different, less restrictive policy, before it can be lifted. Tracing of contacts and consequential tracing and breaking of infection-chains is a promising and comparably straightforward strategy to help containing the disease, although its precise impact on the epidemic is unknown. In order to quantify the benefits of tracing and similar policies we developed an agent-based model that not only validly depicts the spread of the disease, but allows for exploratory analysis of containment policies. We will describe our model and perform case studies in which we use the model to quantify impact of contact tracing in different characteristics and draw valuable conclusions about contact tracing policies in general.
A Guide for Oncology Nurses

Diet may play a significant role in cancer prevention, disease progression, and treatment tolerance. An in-depth search of the literature revealed limited information geared toward nurses about diet assessment methods used in research. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the evidence regarding diet assessment methods important in oncology studies. The method used varied based on the study size, duration, and research question. For example, studies focusing on mean nutrient intake of a group used a 24-hour dietary recall, estimated food diary or dietary record, or food frequency questionnaire. Studies investigating usual nutrient intake predominately used multiple 24-hour dietary recalls, dietary records, biomarkers, or food frequency questionnaires. Measuring dietary intake accurately in a cost-effective manner is a difficult task. Selection of the appropriate assessment tool is critical for the generation of quality data. Oncology nurses are increasing their involvement in nutrition research, and the findings from this review may promote a better understanding of the published and ongoing research in this important field of study. Diet Assessment Methods: A Guide for Oncology Nurses
Characterization of genetic diversity of an invasive Lessepsian Migrant, Nemipterus randalli Russell, 1986 from its native and non-native regions using mitochondrial DNA marker

This study assessed and compared the genetic diversity of Nemipterus randalli across its native and non-native regions analysing the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region. Including all the geographical population samples, 68 haplotypes were observed with an average haplotype diversity value of 0.92±0.04. Relatively, a smaller number of haplotypes was observed in the invasive range of the Mediterranean Sea. All other native geographical samples showed high haplotype and nucleotide diversity values. A significant high genetic differentiation value was observed between the native population samples of India and the invasive samples of the Mediterranean Sea. In the median-joining network tree, N. randalli from the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea formed a single haplogroup while other samples from India are clustered into two haplogroups.