Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased Demand of Obese Women for Protectins, Maresin, and Resolvin D1 in the Last Trimester of Pregnancy

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological state during which inflammation occurs. This complex biological response is necessary for the implantation process as well as delivery. In turn, its suppression during gestation favors the normal course of the pregnancy. Therefore, the presence of pro-resolving mediators, EPA and DHA derivatives, The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the levels of anti-inflammatory resolvins and their precursors in different trimesters of pregnancy with consideration of the women’s weight, including overweight and obese women before pregnancy. Methods: A total of 78 women participated in this study; the mean age and BMI before pregnancy were 32.3 ± 5.52 and 27.73 ± 6.13, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups, considering their BMI before pregnancy. The extraction of eicosanoids was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The levels of all studied parameters showed statistically significant differences between the study group (SG) and the control group (CG) in the different trimesters of pregnancy. Over the course of pregnancy, the levels of protection (PDX), maresin, resolvins (RvD1, RvE1), and their precursors differed in relation to the trimester of pregnancy and the division into groups considering the correct body weight before pregnancy. Results: Overweight or obese women had significantly lower levels of RvE1 in the third trimester and their precursors compared to normal-weight women. While the levels of PDX and RvD1 were significantly higher, this may be due to both a lower intake of products rich in omega-3 fatty acids by obese women and an increased need of obese women’s bodies to quench chronic inflammatory processes associated with obesity. Conclusions: Both EPA and DHA derivatives are involved in calming down inflammation during pregnancy, which was observed.
Ceftazidime/Avibactam and Meropenem/Vaborbactam for the Management of Enterobacterales Infections: A Narrative Review, Clinical Considerations, and Expert Opinion

This comprehensive review examines the unique attributes, distinctions, and clinical implications of ceftazidime–avibactam (CAZ-AVI) and meropenem–vaborbactam (MEM-VAB) against difficult-to-treat Enterobacterales infections. Our manuscript explores these antibiotics’ pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, antimicrobial activities, in vitro susceptibility testing, and clinical data. Moreover, it includes a meticulous examination of comparative clinical and microbiological studies, assessed and presented to provide clarity in making informed treatment choices for clinicians. Finally, we propose an expert opinion from a microbiological and a clinical point of view about their use in appropriate clinical settings. This is the first review aiming to provide healthcare professionals with valuable insights for making informed treatment decisions when combating carbapenem-resistant pathogens.
TAXONOMY OF ALBIAN GAVELINELLIDAE (FORAMINIFERA) FROM THE LOWER SAXONY BASIN, GERMANY

Abstract: The family Gavelinellidae was one of the most widespread and abundant groups of benthic foraminifers in the Cretaceous. This group evolved in the Early Cretaceous and became dominant in the Aptian and Albian together with some other families of Rotaliina. The reasons for this evident evolutionary success are unclear, and even the taxonomy and palaeoecology of the group are still a matter of debate. This paper goes ‘back to basics’ and begins by adjusting the terminology, description and evaluation of gavelinellid species identified during high‐resolution studies of the Albian Kirchrode borehole in the Lower Saxony Basin. This is the type area of Reuss' classical (1863) monograph on foraminifera from north German Hils and Gault. In order to avoid terminological misunderstandings, a new definition of test orientation applied to gavelinellids is used. The ventral side is described here as the side that bears the aperture or its extension along the margin, and the dorsal side is the opposite side of the test. The interpretative relationship of the test to the substrate is, therefore, avoided. Albian gavelinellids from the Kirchrode II borehole are represented by two genera, Berthelina and Lingulogavelinella, and six species. The morphology of most gavelinellids, including all documented taxa, is indistinct, which is the main reason for their confusing taxonomy. Species often show strongly overlapping characters, and variability within the species may be comparable or even higher than the variability between different taxa. Morphological details are usually the only features enabling the identification of species. The detailed description and photographic documentation of identified gavelinellid taxa presented herein is based on investigations of over 14 000 individuals augmented by comparative studies of various archival collections. Several diagnostic characters of gavelinellid tests, useful for taxonomic identification, are discussed and compared.
Prediction of Tubal Rupture in Ectopic Pregnancy Using Methotrexate Treatment Protocols and Hematological Markers

Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy complication in which the embryo implants outside the uterine cavity. Although medical treatment is chosen first, sometimes a rupture may occur, and surgical treatment may be required. The parameters to predict rupture have been the subject of many studies. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of different methotrexate protocols in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy and determine the parameters and methotrexate treatment protocols that can predict the risk of rupture. A total of 128 patients diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy were included in this study. Patients were separated into three categories based on their treatment protocols. Regarding the occurrence of rupture, all three groups were compared. The hematological parameters and methotrexate treatment protocols were analyzed and compared between groups. The mean age was 31.9 years. Parity was significantly higher in patients who received multiple doses of methotrexate compared to the other groups. There were significant variations observed among the groups regarding parity, initial β-hCG values, hematocrit (HTC), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p = 0.048, p < 0.001, p = 0.019, and p = 0.047, respectively). According to receiver operating characteristic analysis, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels were significantly associated with histopathologically confirmed tubal rupture (p < 0.05). NLR levels should be examined in ectopic pregnancy, and the possibility of rupture should be considered in cases with high NLR levels. The potential of NLR to predict ectopic pregnancy rupture should be explored in multicenter prospective studies.
Longitudinal dispersion of suspended particles in oscillatory currents

This study has investigated theoretically longitudinal dispersion of suspended fine particles with settling velocity and revealed the dispersing behavior from the initial to the stationary stages in tidal oscillatory currents. A Stokes layer of the oscillatory current plays a remarkably significant role on dispersion of settling particles when the mixing time in cross-section is larger than the period of tidal oscillation. When the settling velocity exceeds a certain value, however, the dispersion coefficient of particles decreases with increasing settling velocity. In an oscillatory current with linear profile, settling velocity of dispersing particles decreases the value of the dispersion coefficient all over the values of the settling velocity.
A Route to Understanding the Ethane Adsorption Selectivity of the Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 in Ethane–Ethylene Mixtures

Ethylene production has a negative environmental impact, with its separation step being one of the major contributors of pollution. This has encouraged the search for energy-efficient alternatives, among which the adsorptive separation of ethane and ethylene stands out. ZIF-8 is a molecular sieve that is potentially useful for this purpose. It is selective to ethane, an exceptional property that remains unexplained. Furthermore, the adsorption of ethane and ethylene above room temperature, such as at steam cracking process outlet temperatures, has not been addressed either. This work aims to fill this knowledge gap by combining experiments at very low volumetric fillings with density–functional theory modelling methods. Adsorption isotherms of ethane and ethylene on ZIF-8 at pressures below 0.3 bar and 311 K, 333 K, and 363 K were measured using zero-length column chromatography. The low-pressure domain of the isotherms contains information on the interactions between the adsorbate molecules and the adsorbent. This favors the understanding of their macroscopic behavior from simulations at the atomic level. The isosteric enthalpy of adsorption of ethane remained constant at approximately −10 kJ/mol. In contrast, the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption of ethylene decreased from −4 kJ/mol to values akin to those of ethane as temperature increased. ZIF-8 selectivity to ethane, estimated from ideal adsorbed solution theory, decreased from 2.8 to 2.0 with increasing pressure up to 0.19 bar. Quantum mechanical modelling suggested that ethylene had minimal interactions with ZIF-8, while ethane formed hydrogen bonds with nitrogen atoms within its structure. The findings of this research are a platform for designing new systems for the adsorptive separation of ethane and ethylene and thus, reducing the environmental impact of ethylene production.
Urban Growth and Transport: Understanding the Spatial Temporal Relationship

This paper describes how public transport and urban growth are strongly related. In fact, there is a reciprocal relationship between transport and urban growth. In order to understand this relationship, it is necessary to analyze urban spatial temporal changes and their related causes and effects. An extensive evidence-based and scientific description of the relationship between urban growth and transport is presented in this paper. This relationship is specifically explored for Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia, applying spatial temporal analysis techniques from remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Spatial and statistical analyses have been used to analyze and relate urban growth and transport spatial temporal indicators. Results indicate a strong reciprocal relationship between urban growth and transport in Jeddah City. The paper found that transport infrastructure expansion strongly correlates with population growth, spatial expansion and land use change. Results also reveal that population growth has increased urban trips and the consequent travel demand, and there is imbalance between travel demand and transport infrastructure supply that explains the increase in congestion. This study also points out a strong significant influence of transport infrastructure on spatial temporal expansion and land use change. It is found that highways and main roads have stronger influence on spatial expansion and land use change in comparison with secondary roads. Although, this study provides significant information for transport and urban development policies, further research is encouraged to use spatial statistical analysis and dynamic modeling to study the reciprocal relationship between urban growth and transport.
Inelastic Solution for Power Law Fluid with Taylor Galerkin-Pressure Correction Finite Element Method: Axisymmetric Contraction Flows

In this study we examine the flow of inelastic fluids with various shear properties in axisymmetric contractions with various contraction ratios are selected as 4:1, 6:1 and 8:1 with both rounded-corner and sharp. Particular attention is paid to the effect of shear thickening and shear thinning upon the solution behavior. Power-law inelastic model is employed coupling with the conservation of momentum equation and continuity equation. The numerical simulation of such fluid is performed by using the Taylor Galerkin pressure correction (T-G/P-C) finite element algorithm. The effects of geometry structure and many factors such as Reynolds number (Re) and the parameters of power law model are presented in this study. Particularly, in this study we are focused on the influence of these factors on the solution components and the level of convergence. This research was a comparative study between sharp and rounded-corner contraction geometries with a ratio of 4:1, and to another comparative study among sharp contraction geometries with ratios of 4:1, 6:1, and 8:1. The practical implications of this study focused on vortex length and the impact of varying the parameters of the power law model and the Reynolds number (Re) on it for 4:1 contraction flow. The study dealt with the effect of different geometries on the rates of convergence of velocity and pressure as well as the characteristics of axial velocity and pressure on the axis of symmetry.
Mapping the crust in southeastern Germany using Rayleigh waves in the period range 6–16 S

Rayleigh waves generated from seismic events in southern Germany and recorded at the broad-band GRF array, have been analyzed. The group velocities have been determined from 6 to 16 s along more than 100 carefully selected seismic paths. A regionalization method, based on the classical approach for surface wave propagation, has been applied to this data set. The lateral heterogeneities, inferred from the lateral variations of the group velocities after the 2-D inversion present an excellent correlation with the known geological features. The effects on group velocities involved by these lateral heterogeneities may exceed {plus minus}10%. Azimuthal anisotropy might exist beneath the region in agreement with earlier results inferred from P{sub n}-wave travel times.
Late quaternary terraces between ship creek and the Whakapohai River, South Westland, New Zealand

Abstract Three terraces are preserved in the narrow coastal strip between Ship Creek and the Whakapohai River, and are named respectively Knights Point Terrace (140-147 m a.s.l.), Sardine-1 Terrace (56-60 m) and Sardine-2 Terrace (24-32 m). Both the Kni.ghts. Point and Sardine-2 Terraces are underlain by marine sediments deposited durmg mterglaclal hIgh stands of sea level. The Sardine-l Terrace is underlain by river gravel resting on lake silts, and it is uncertain whether it was formed in a glacial or interglacial period. Conflicting He dates, which include samples from each terrace both younger and older than the limits of dating (c. 40,000 years), suggest that all the terraces are older than 40,000 years but that the material collected for dating has been contaminated by modern carbon. Based largely on altimetric comparison with levels in north Westland, the following correlations are suggested: Sardine-1 Terrace Waimean or Terangian Stage Sardine-1 Terrace Oturian Stage Knights Point Terrace pre-Tera.
Identifying person misfit using the person backward stepwise reliability curve (PBRC)

The goal of the present study was to propose a visualization of aberrant response patterns based on the idea put forth by the Cronbach-Mesbach curve. First, an index of person reliability is developed using the K-R 20 formula followed by a backward stepwise procedure in which one person at a time is deleted from the model. Observations for which reliability is no longer monotonically increasing suggest that they are candidates for aberrant responding. Using data from the quantitative domain of a national aptitude test the proposed visualization technique was demonstrated. The external validity of the procedure was tested by contrasting the person fit reliability estimates with those derived from other indices of aberrant responding such as the Ht. Results indicated that individuals not covarying with other individuals concerning their response patterns and concordance to the measurement of a unified latent trait were identified by both the present procedure and Ht and U3 at a rate of 100%. By plotting those individuals using Person Response Curves (PRCs) results confirmed the lack of monotonicity in the relationship between item difficulty and person skill. Consequently, results confirm the usefulness of the present methodology as an index for identifying responders who manifest themselves with aberrant responses and who are not conducive to the measurement of the latent trait.
Diffusion in MgO at high pressure: Implications for lower mantle rheology

Theoretical calculations of diffusion in periclase were performed to model the rheological properties of the lower mantle. Gibbs free energy values derived from molecular dynamics simulations using a non‐empirical interatomic potential to accurately predict diffusion in MgO at zero pressure. Diffusion coefficients were computed for pressures and temperatures up to 140 GPa and 5000 K. We find that Mg vacancies required for diffusive transport are likely extrinsic (due to impurities), and the resulting O vacancies would then be too few to support bulk O transport. Estimates of viscosity from these results are consistent with those inferred for the lower mantle from geophysical observations if grain boundary diffusion is responsible for O transport.
Pre‐Pliocene Extension around the Gulf of California and the transfer of Baja California to the Pacific Plate

Late Miocene (12–5 Ma) extension around the edges of the Gulf of California has been alternatively attributed to “Basin and Range” extension, back arc extension, or development of the Pacific-North America plate boundary. This extension was ENE directed and similar in structural style to extension in the Basin and Range province. Timing constraints permit nearly synchronous onset of this deformation in a belt extending SSE from northernmost Baja California to the mouth of the gulf. Where this extensional faulting continued through Pliocene time to the present, synchronous with motion on the modern transform plate boundary in the Gulf of California, no change in direction of extension can be resolved. Revised constraints on Pacific-North America plate motion support the development of this late Miocene extension as a component of Pacific-North America displacement that could not be accommodated by strike-slip displacement along the existing plate boundary west of the Baja California peninsula. This scenario implies that transfer of Baja California from the North America plate to the Pacific plate was a gradual process, beginning about 12–10 Ma, when motion of the Pacific plate relative to North America was partitioned into separate regimes of strike-slip and dip-slip displacement on opposite sides of Baja California.
Using on‐nadir spectral reflectance to detect soil surface changes induced by simulated rainfall and wind tunnel abrasion

The surface susceptibility to erosion (erodibility) is an important component of soil erosion models. Many studies of wind erosion have shown that even relatively small changes in surface conditions can have a considerable effect on the temporal and spatial variability of dust emissions. One of the main difficulties in measuring erodibility is that it is controlled by a number of highly variable soil factors. Collection of these data is often limited in scale because in situ measurements are labour‐intensive and very time‐consuming. To improve wind erosion model predictions over several spatial and temporal scales simultaneously, there is a requirement for a non‐invasive approach that can be used to rapidly assess changes in the compositional and structural nature of a soil surface in time and space. Spectral reflectance of the soil surface appears to meet these desirable requirements and it is controlled by properties that affect the soil erodibility.
Exploring Utilization and Establishing Reference Intervals for the Apolipoprotein B Test in the Korean Population

We investigated the reference intervals for Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), a valuable biomarker for cardiovascular diseases, in Korean adults who had undergone health check-ups and showed normal lipid levels under traditional lipid tests, including total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, along with ApoB. We compared the findings with different cutoffs for ApoB from international clinical guidelines. Among a total of 264,105 traditional lipid test sets, only 464 (0.2%) included ApoB tests, indicating underutilization of this test in health check-up clinics in Korea. From these 464 samples, 334 ApoB results (164 men and 170 women) with normal traditional lipid test results were used to establish reference intervals. Using the parametric method (mean ± 2 SD), the reference intervals ranged from 46 to 134 mg/dL for men and 49 to 129 mg/dL for women. Employing the non-parametric method (central 95th percentile value), the reference intervals ranged from 50 to 131 mg/dL for men and 51 to 127 mg/dL for women. The prevalence of high ApoB did not significantly differ by sex when considering the established reference intervals for each sex and the cutoffs recommended by international clinical guidelines. This study enhances knowledge on ApoB reference intervals in the Korean population, and it will in aid test result interpretation for clinicians and laboratories.
Soil degradation processes and plant colonization in abandoned terraced fields overlying pumice tuffs

The state of soil degradation/regeneration in abandoned agricultural terraced fields over pumiceous tuffs has been assessed in this paper. In an initial stage, the relationships between soil types, surface microfeatures as indicators of soil degradation, physicochemical properties, plant colonization and vegetation structure were studied by means of multivariate statistical analyses (PCA, DCA, CCA and TWINSPAN®). Aerial photographs interpretation, DEMs and field surveys allowed us to identify 47 different environments for abandoned fields along 7 altitudinal transects (33 abandoned field terraces). In each study site, an inventory of the existing plant species and of morphological surface microfeatures were also made, by the line‐intercept method.
Formation of garnet clusters during polyphase metamorphism

Pre‐Alpine garnets of Variscan age from metapelitic basement units in Northern Italy were strongly retrogressed at near‐surface conditions prior to Alpine contact metamorphism. The replacement by sheet silicates caused a significant volume increase during retrogression, producing pervasive fracturing. Up to several hundreds of angular fragments formed from each crystal. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis documents a maximum misorientation of ~22° of some fragments as a result of local rotation during fracturing. New garnet growth is observed on the garnet fragments during contact metamorphic overprinting, resulting in garnet clusters. Fragments can be identified due to calcium‐rich domains. Fragment orientations were inherited, and only minor new nucleation occurred. These garnets develop features typically associated with multiple nucleation models, but here they reflect multiple metamorphic events. We propose that clusters can be indicative of multiple metamorphic events, which were separated by a period of intense retrograde alteration.