Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mirror, Mirror on My Phone: Investigating Dimensions of Self-Face Perception Induced by Augmented Reality Filters

The main use of Augmented Reality (AR) today for the general public is in applications for smartphones. In particular, social network applications allow the use of many AR filters, modifying users’ environments but also their own image. These AR filters are increasingly and frequently being used and can distort in many ways users’ facial traits. Yet, we still do not know clearly how users perceive their faces augmented by these filters. In this paper, we present a study that aims to evaluate the impact of different filters, modifying several facial features such as the size or position of the eyes, the shape of the face or the orientation of the eyebrows, or adding virtual content such as virtual glasses. These filters are evaluated via a self-evaluation questionnaire, asking the participants about the personality, emotion, appeal and intelligence traits that their distorted face conveys. Our results show relative effects between the different filters in line with previous results regarding the perception of others. However, they also reveal specific effects on self-perception, showing, inter alia, that facial deformation decreases participants’ credence towards their image. The findings of this study covering multiple factors allow us to highlight the impact of face deformation on user perception but also the specificity related to this use in AR, paving the way for new works focusing on the psychological impact of such filters.
Blending technique‐determined distinct structured sodium alginate‐based films for cinnamon essential oils controlled release

Sodium alginate (SA) bio‐based films with gelatin (G₀) and Tween 80 (T) as emulsifiers for controlled release of cinnamon essential oils (CEOs) were fabricated via mechanical stirring emulsifying–blending technique (MB) and homogenized emulsifying‐blending technique (HB). Morphology results depicted distinct microstructures of MB‐prepared film (MBF) with symmetric porous oil‐rich cross‐sections, whereas HB‐prepared film (HBF) with asymmetric cross‐section consisted of compact polymer‐rich phase on top side (A) and porous oil‐rich phase on bottom side (B). The mechanical properties of HBF were significantly superior compared with MBF (p < .05). The diffusion coefficient (D) representing the release rate of CEO presented no significant difference between CEO releasing through A and B of MBF, whereas D of CEO releasing through A of HBF was significantly smaller than through B of HBF and A of MBF (p < .05). Moreover, D of CEO releasing through A of HBF decreased significantly with the increase in SA content (p < .05). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The blending technique‐controlled distinct structured films could be potentially applied as controlled release food packaging protecting the food inside. Sodium alginate content could also be potentially applied as control factor for controlled release food packaging protecting the food inside.
The Relationship between Dentofacial Vertical Pattern and Bite Force Distribution among Children in Late Mixed Dentition

Background: Digital bite measurement systems such as the T-Scan III allow for the computerized measurement of occlusal force distribution. This study aimed to establish the relationship between dentofacial vertical pattern and bite force distribution among children in late mixed dentition. Materials and Methods: In total, 86 children (45 male, 41 female) aged between 9 and 11 years with short (n = 28), medium (n = 28), and long (n = 30) facial heights were included in this study. The height, weight, age, and gender were recorded. Occlusal bite force distribution and time of occlusal cycle were recorded using a T-Scan III device (Tekscan Corp. Boston, MA, USA). The bite force distribution was compared among facial types using a One-Way ANOVA and post hoc test, a linear regression model with time of occlusion as dependent variable was developed. Results: No significant differences were observed in occlusion time between genders. Children with long facial height had a significantly lower anterior bite force distribution (p < 0.05) and significantly higher posterior bite force distribution (p < 0.05) than those with average or short facial height. Age, gender, height, and weight had no significant association with time of the occlusal cycle. Conclusion: Children with an increased vertical facial height have a more posterior distribution of force than children with average or short facial heights in the late mixed dentition.
OBSERVED SHIFT AND MERGE OF HYDROLOGICAL REGIMES IN THE SOTA CATCHMENT, BENIN; AN EVIDENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Sub-Saharan Africa have low resilience capacities to the challenges of climate change. This study is aimed at assessing climate trends and regime shifts at the Sota Catchment, Benin. Long term rainfall and river discharge were analyzed from 1950-2010 in order to generate patterns of changes in the basin. Analysis of the hydro-meteorological were based on the two prominent vegetation zones (Sudan and Guinea Savannah) in the catchment. The rainfall and discharge data were subjected to regime shift analysis and Standardized Precipitation Indices (SPI) were computed. Downward trend of precipitation was observed in the Guinea and Sudan vegetation zones of the catchments from 1970. Rainfall and runoff amount at the two assessed vegetation zones was different in the Guinea and Sudan zone up till 1970. Clear merge of rainfall and runoff amount and patterns was witnessed between the two vegetation zones at 2007. This calls for attention of scientists and policy makers in the region to deploy necessary adaptation measures based on such clear evidence of climate change.
A comprehensive review of solar‐driven desalination technologies for off‐grid greenhouses

This paper is motivated by the crisis of freshwater in remote areas around the world and responds to the growing need for sustainable food production in arid lands. It focuses on utilizing solar energy to yield freshwater from the sea or brackish water with less environmental impacts, for greenhouses, which can produce sustainable food all over the year. The integration of various solar‐driven desalinations such as solar still, humidification‐dehumidification, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and multieffect and multistage flash with greenhouses are evaluated, for better sustainability towards greenization. The paper first discusses the specifications of solar‐driven desalinations and compares their advantages and limitations. Then, different types of greenhouses are introduced, and their total water requirement is discussed based on their locations, crop type, greenhouse technology, irrigation type, and environmental conditions, as well as their cooling and heating strategies. Later, the existing integration of solar‐driven desalinations with greenhouses are reviewed, and their advantages and limitations are deliberated. Finally, the paper discusses the criteria to be considered when selecting solar‐driven desalinations for greenhouses and presents a detailed comparison between the water production rate and cost as well as the energy consumption of these systems. In the end, the most appropriate combinations of solar‐driven desalinations with greenhouses are recommended based on their water requirement and production cost.
Multivariate Time Series Analysis for Driving Style Classification using Neural Networks and Hyperdimensional Computing

In this paper, we present a novel approach for driving style classification based on time series data. Instead of automatically learning the embedding vector for temporal representation of the input data with Recurrent Neural Networks, we propose a combination of Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC) for data representation in high-dimensional vectors and much simpler feed-forward neural networks. This approach provides three key advantages: first, instead of having a “black box” of Recurrent Neural Networks learning the temporal representation of the data, our approach allows to encode this temporal structure in high-dimensional vectors in a human-comprehensible way using the algebraic operations of HDC while only relying on feed-forward neural networks for the classification task. Second, we show that this combination is able to achieve at least similar and even slightly superior classification accuracy compared to state-of-the-art Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based networks while significantly reducing training time and the necessary amount of data for successful learning. Third, our HDC-based data representation as well as the feed-forward neural network, allow implementation in the substrate of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs). SNNs show promise to be orders of magnitude more energy-efficient than their rate-based counterparts while maintaining comparable prediction accuracy when being deployed on dedicated neuromorphic computing hardware, which could be an energy-efficient addition in future intelligent vehicles with tight restrictions regarding on-board computing and energy resources. We present a thorough analysis of our approach on a publicly available data set including a comparison with state-of-the-art reference models.
Neighboring Atom Collisions in Solid-State High Harmonic Generation

High harmonic generation (HHG) from solids shows great application prospects in compact short-wavelength light sources and as a tool for imaging the dynamics in crystals with subnanometer spatial and attosecond temporal resolution. However, the underlying collision dynamics behind solid HHG is still intensively debated and no direct mapping relationship between the collision dynamics with band structure has been built. Here, we show that the electron and its associated hole can be elastically scattered by neighboring atoms when their wavelength approaches the atomic size. We reveal that the elastic scattering of electron/hole from neighboring atoms can dramatically influence the electron recombination with its left-behind hole, which turns out to be the fundamental reason for the anisotropic interband HHG observed recently in bulk crystals. Our findings link the electron/hole backward scattering with Van Hove singularities and forward scattering with critical lines in the band structure and thus build a clear mapping between the band structure and the harmonic spectrum. Our work provides a unifying picture for several seemingly unrelated experimental observations and theoretical predictions, including the anisotropic harmonic emission in MgO, the atomic-like recollision mechanism of solid HHG, and the delocalization of HHG in ZnO. This strongly improved understanding will pave the way for controlling the solid-state HHG and visualizing the structure-dependent electron dynamics in solids.
Gut Microbiota in Canine Idiopathic Epilepsy: Effects of Disease and Treatment

Simple Summary There is evidence that supports the existence of a gut-brain axis system through which bi-directional communication occurs between gut bacteria and the brain. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in humans and dogs. The role of microbiota in epilepsy remains unknown but it has been suggested that it is a possible influence of gut bacteria in controlling seizures. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in gut microbiota from dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and the possible effect of antiepileptic drugs on the modulation of the composition of this microbiota. In comparison with control dogs, drug-naive epileptic individuals showed a significantly reduced abundance of GABA and SCFAs-producing bacteria, as well as bacteria associated with reduced risk for brain disease. Moreover, the use of phenobarbital or imepitoin monotherapy during one month in epileptic dogs did not modify the gut microbiota composition. These results open up the possibility of studying probiotic interventions in epilepsy. Considering the phylogenetic and metabolic similarities in intestinal microbiome between humans and dogs, this study contributes to the understanding of epilepsy both in human and veterinary medicine. Abstract Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in humans and dogs. The structure and composition of gut microbiome associated to this disorder has not yet been analyzed in depth but there is evidence that suggests a possible influence of gut bacteria in controlling seizures. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in gut microbiota associated to canine idiopathic epilepsy (IE) and the possible influence of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on the modulation of this microbiota. Faecal microbiota composition was analyzed using sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene in a group of healthy controls (n = 12) and a group of epileptic dogs both before (n = 10) and after a 30-day single treatment with phenobarbital or imepitoin (n = 9). Epileptic dogs showed significantly reduced abundance of GABA (Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonadaceae, Pseudomonas and Pseudomona_graminis) and SCFAs-producing bacteria (Peptococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Anaerotruncus) as well as bacteria associated with reduced risk for brain disease (Prevotellaceae) than control dogs. The administration of AEDs during 30 days did not modify the gut microbiota composition. These results are expected to contribute to the understanding of canine idiopathic epilepsy and open up the possibility of studying new therapeutic approaches for this disorder, including probiotic intervention to restore gut microbiota in epileptic individuals.
Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli in Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) has become a global threat. In hospital settings, the association of CR-GNB with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a critical public health concern owing to their high resistance rate to most antibiotics. The present study aims to identify the frequency of carbapenem-resistance and to determine the rate of multidrug resistance (MDR), extensive drug resistance (XDR) and pan-drug resistance (PDR) among CR-GNB infections in VAP. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the disk diffusion method and the detection of carbapenemases was screened using the imipenem-E test and the modified carbapenem-inactivation method (mCIM). The isolates were verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of blaNDM, blaSPM, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaGIM genes. 89.5%, 14%, 17.5%, 10.5%, 3.5% of isolates exhibited the presence of blaNDM, blaVIM, blaSPM, blaIMP and blaGIM, respectively. 76%, 17% and 7% of isolates were PDR, XDR, and MDR, respectively. Carbapenem-resistance genes were identified in a significant percentage and blaNDM was the most predominant gene. All isolates were highly resistant to most antibiotics. This health concern has proven to be a big challenge in developing countries such as Egypt, as it is associated with high morbidity, high mortality, and raised healthcare costs.
Evaluation of mycological profile of onychomycosis in a tertiary care centre in Bareilly

Onychomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of nails which is not associated with significant morbidity and mortality but it can have negative impact on patient's emotional, social and occupational functioning. The affected nail can also serve as a chronic reservoir and can communicate the fungal infection to family members this makes onychomycosis an important public health problem. Treatment regimen and duration depends on the etiological agent. So, for the timely initiation of appropriate and effective treatment knowledge of etiological agents causing onychomycosis is required. This study was conducted to improve the knowledge of demographic and mycological profile of onychomycosis in Bareilly region. 74 nail specimens of suspected onychomycosis were evaluated clinically, KOH examination and fungal culture was done. Onychomycosis was present in 59.46% by culture and /or KOH examination. Fingernails and toenails were infected in 24.32% and 41.89% respectively and remaining 6.75% had both. Principal causative agents were dermatophytes (43.47%) with Trichophyton mentagrophytes being the most common (19.56%). In 15 (32.60%) cases, candida species and in 11 (23.91%) cases non-dermatophyte moulds have been isolated as the sole causative agent. This study demonstrated dermatophytes as the main agents causing onychomycosis in our region, as well as proves the importance of performing direct examination and culture in diagnosis of onychomycosis.
The effect of filter type and porosity on total suspended sediment determinations

Most methods for determining total suspended solids (TSS) in water are gravimetric, with sediment collection via filtration through glass fiber filters or cellulose ester membranes. Filters of both types with pore sizes ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 μm have been used in earlier studies to assess TSS concentrations. It is not clear whether results obtained with these different types of filters with distinct pore sizes are comparable. We aim to compare TSS results obtained with cellulose ester membranes and glass fiber filters with effective pore sizes ranging from 0.4 to 3 μm. Water samples collected in different aquatic environments in the Amazon River system and dilutions of Amazon floodplain sediments in distilled water (from 100 to 20 000 mg L−1) were analyzed for TSS. Paired TSS values obtained with cellulose ester membranes and glass fiber filters of similar porosities were highly correlated. The slope regression lines obtained with these paired results for specific porosities were close to one indicating that both types of filters yielded similar results. Regardless of the type of filter, the different porosities (from 0.4 to 3.0 μm) resulted in similar TSS concentrations. We conclude that the range of filter types and porosities considered here are suitable for TSS determinations and the results obtained with them should be comparable between studies. This conclusion supports comparisons of future results with previously obtained TSS information with the above mentioned filter types. It also serves as a guide for choosing the appropriate filter in future environmental studies.
Effect of Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) Essential Oil on Energy Reserves and Biomarkers in Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) from Tebessa (Algeria)

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Thymus vulgaris cultivated in Tebessa (Northeast Algeria) and to evaluate its potential larvicidal activity against fourth instar larvae of Culex pipiens L. , 1758. A total of 20 fourth instar larvae of C. pipiens were exposed to a variety of concentrations (25-200 ppm) in laboratory according to the standard procedure portrayed by World Health Organization. The effects were examined on the mortality, the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), gluhatione (GSH) rate and the biochemical composition (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) of larvae body, respectively. The EO yield calculated from the dry matter of the aerial part of the plant was 1.58 %. Its chemical composition has been analyzed by the GC and GC-MS systems. A chemical constituent of 18 compounds was identified in the oils of T. vulgaris compounds representing to 99.94 %. Bioassay test revealed that this essential oil exhibited larvicidal properties as they could induce 100 % mortality in the larvae of C. pipiens at the concentrations of 200 ppm. Biomarker measurments in treated larvae (LC25 and LC50) revealed no effect on AChE activity, activation of detoxification system as showed by an increase in GST activity and a decrease in GSH rate. The biochemical compositions show that the essential oil affected the energy reserves with a marked effect on proteins and lipids. Lastly, our results proved the potential use of this natural material as an alternative to synthetic insecticides for controlling mosquitoes.
Natural convection cooling process from two identical porous‐covering electronic components

In the present work, we focus to study numerically the natural convection cooling process from two identical electronic components located on the bottom wall of a two‐dimensional cavity. Each electronic component is covered by a porous medium with finite thickness. The conservation equations governing the problem are discretized using the finite volume method and the SIMPLER algorithm is used to handle the nonlinear character of conservation equations. Calculations were carried out for the following control parameters: the porous/fluid thermal conductivity ratio (1 ≤ RkP1 ≤ 100), the Darcy and Rayleigh numbers (10−1 ≤ Da ≤ 10−6, 103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), the first porous‐cover thickness (0.05 ≤ e1 ≤ 0.3), and the separation distance between components (0.2 ≤ S ≤ 1) to highlight their influence on the cooling process. The results show that under specific values of the Darcy and Rayleigh numbers and in the limiting case of a high value of the porous/fluid thermal conductivity ratio (RkP1 = 100), a decrease in the maximum components temperature, up to 95%, is observed by increasing the porous‐cover thickness from 0.05 to 0.3. In addition, by increasing the permeability, the Rayleigh number or the separation distance, an improvement in the cooling process of the two components greater than or equal to 22% is achieved.
The Value of Occupational Therapy Student Participation in University-Based Student-Run Free Clinics in the United States

Abstract While student-run free clinic (SRFC) participation is well-documented among many health professions, no study has comprehensively characterized occupational therapy student participation. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand both the current presence as well as educational impact of occupational therapy student participation in university-based SRFCs in the United States (U.S). Data collection occurred through a national survey and semi-structured interviews. Surveys were sent to representatives (e.g. program directors, faculty advisors, and student leaders) at all 190 accredited occupational therapy schools. Of these, 118 responded, for an overall response rate of 62.1%. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of physician’s assistant, medical, pharmacy, and occupational therapy students (N=9). Results showed that 12.7% of schools contributed volunteers to at least one SRFC (N=15). Themes included that occupational therapy students provided a unique perspective to the interprofessional team, educated other students about occupational therapy’s scope, and demonstrated strong patient interviewing skills. They also learned from opportunities to explore future career possibilities, engage in interdisciplinary teamwork, and practice skills in a safe space. Occupational therapy programs have a relatively low rate of participation (12.7%) in SRFCs compared to other health professions nationally. However, occupational therapy and other health professional students report that occupational therapy student participation creates important educational opportunities. These opportunities may strengthen occupational therapy’s role in interprofessional team-based care, especially within the emerging practice area of primary care.