Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Fibroblast Growth Factor with Severity of Asthma

To evaluate the level of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in serum of asthmatic Iraqi patients and to generaterelationship between FGF2 and pulmonary function in serum of all member. FGF2 was determined in seventyIraqi subjects; 30 diagnosed with asthma and 40 healthy subjects were registered in the revision. The age ofpatients and control ranged between (25-55) years. The level of FGF2 was assessed in serum by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The levels of FGF2 displayed significantly increase inasthmatic group associated with control group (p < 0.01). Among asthmatic Iraqi patients, increase level ofFGF2, indicate the significant relationship between fibroblast growth factor 2 and asthma.
Military Outlay and Economic Growth: The Scenarios of Lake Chad Basin Countries of the Republic of Chad and Nigeria

This study examined the relationship between military outlay and economic growth in the Lake Chad Basin countries of Nigeria and the Republic of Chad respectively by testing the causal link between these two principal variables. The data ranges used for Nigeria and Chad were 1981-2019 and 1983-2019 respectively. The econometric method employed for this study was the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bounds approach to cointegration. The results revealed that Nigeria’s military outlay exerted a positive and insignificant relationship with economic growth. However, the Republic of Chad’s military outlay had a positive and significant link with economic growth. The results of the causality test showed that there was no causal relationship between real GDP per capita and military outlay in both Nigeria and the Republic of Chad. These findings for Nigeria and Chad imply that they can pursue the policy objectives of defence and economic growth independently. The study, thus, recommends that the policymakers of the governments of both countries should pursue the policy objectives of defence and economic growth independently. and Independent Corrupt Practices and other Related Offences Commission (ICPC), charged with the responsibility of fighting corruption should rise to the occasion and track down military officials that divert defence funds for individual gains in Nigeria.
Charge-diffusion-filtration models for transport across the endothelial barriers and in the interstitial space

Charge-Diffusion-Filtration Models for Transport across the Endothelial Barriers and in the Interstitial Space by Bin Chen Dr. Bingmei Fu, Examination Committee Chair Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada, Las Vegas Vascular endothelium is the principal barrier to, and regulator of, material exchange between circulating blood and the body tissues. Both the endothelial surface glycocalyx and the glycosaminoglycans in the tissue carry negative charge. However, none o f the previous studies considered these charge effects on water and solute transport across the endothelium and in the tissue. It is important to understand how charge affects the water and solute transport across the endothelial barriers and in the interstitium because it may provide strategies for controlling transport o f charged or uncharged macromolecules in drug delivery. In the first part o f this dissertation, to investigate the mechanisms o f how surface properties o f the endothelial cells control the changes in microvessel permeability, the charge-diffusion model developed by Fu et al. (2003b) for the interendothelial cleft with a negatively charged surface glycocalyx layer is extended to include the filtration due to hydrostatic and oncotic pressures across the microvessel wall, as well as the electrical potential across the surface fiber layer. This charge-difftision-filtration model provides a
Model-Free Predictive Current Control of SPMSM Drives Using Extended State Observer

Conventional predictive control (PC) has been employed for machine drives due to good dynamic response and easy implementation. However, the disturbance caused by machine parameter mismatch is one of main barriers to its widespread application. In order to deal with this issue, this work proposes a novel model-free predictive current control (MFPCC) for surfaced permanent magnet synchronous machines (SPMSM). The contribution of this work is that a novel extended state observer (ESO) is proposed and the proposed MFPCC only utilizes the input and output knowledge of the plant without using any machine parameter in controller, which can effectively suppress the disturbances. In addition, the effect of the initial machine inductance parameter mismatch on the conventional ESO of MFPCC is analyzed in detail. The proposed MFPCC is validated and compared against three methods, namely PC without ESO, PC using ESO, and MFPCC using ESO. The experimental results have been carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed MFPCC.
Escape rooms' pedagogical potential from female future teachers’ perspectives

Fast and easy Internet and knowledge access by just a click are some of the characteristics of the twenty first century. This means that this knowledge has been acquired fast and superficially. Thus, discernment turns into something ephemeral, because there is not a profound examination of the aspects dealt with. This is caused by the enormous quantity of information found that, in many cases, does not reflect reality. In this sense, teachers can find multitasking students that can perform many activities but without reflexively undertaking them. Education tries to solve these type of problems so the learning-teaching process is as significant as possible. Therefore, future teachers should always have tools for keeping students’ attention, as well as to raise interest in the studied subjects. Within these new tools, escape rooms are, because they not only increase students’ motivation but also encourage teamwork and reflexive learning, as the tasks to be solved are complex. However, as male and female present different perspectives towards gamification, in this work, escape rooms have been studied applying a gender perspective. In the University of Seville, Spain, a descriptive-interpretative exploratory study took place intending to analyse future female teachers’ conceptions about escape rooms. A 17-item questionnaire was applied to 99 female students of the Degree in Primary Education. Results show that subjects highly valued the ludic part of the escape rooms as a didactic activity, which fosters significant learning. Students also appreciated that the activity was close to their reality and that it was integrating students’ interests in the Primary Education classroom. The main conclusion of the study is that, even if there is room for improvement and there is a need to make them more appealing to female students, escape rooms are considered an excellent educative resource as well as an adequate alternative teaching methodology.
High-Resolution Feature Pyramid Network for Automatic Crater Detection on Mars

Crater detection is widely used in terrain relative navigation, which can help scientists target a spacecraft's position and estimate the age of a planet. However, high-performance crater detection still remains a very challenging problem because of the complex data distribution, especially when there are lots of small craters. To address these issues, we present an end-to-end deep convolution neural network called high-resolution feature pyramid network (HRFPNet) to well detect impact craters. In the network, a new adaptive anchor calculation and label assignment (AACLA) algorithm is designed to solve the problem of ``anchor-sensitive'' small craters that cannot be balanced sampled for training, which affects the detection results of small craters. Then, a new backbone with feature aggregation module is presented to enhance the feature extraction capabilities and to preserve the features of small craters in deep neural network, and a new regression loss function called balanced regression loss (BRL) is also applied for the coordinate regression of small craters, which avoid the inaccurate size prediction of small objects due to the large difference of the regression loss value between the small craters and other craters. In addition, we build a crater detection dataset called the Mars day crater detection (MDCD) dataset that contains 500 images with 12,000 craters, which can be downloaded from the website: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4750929/. We conduct extensive experiments based on the public and MDCD datasets, and the results show that the proposed network achieves the state-of-the-art results; especially, it achieves high performance in detecting small craters.
Acehnese Attitudes Towards Their Heritage Language: A Qualitative, Inter-Generational Study

Due to the dominant position of Indonesian as the national and official language, local languages have been less favoured amongst their native speakers. Even one of the most widely used languages in Aceh Province, Acehnese seems to be neglected by younger generations, especially in urban areas. This study investigates the practice, attitudes, and maintenance of the Acehnese language. Three generations of Acehnese women were interviewed in-depth on their language use. Most respondents, in this study, still use Acehnese in their daily communication. All respondents in the first generation and most in the second generation obtain a positive attitude towards Acehnese by using it. Only one informant in the third generation had a negative attitude towards it. She claimed that she spoke Acehnese a little but seemed reluctant to answer questions in Acehnese during the interviews. Third generation speakers are beginning to shift from their heritage language Indonesian. They are aware of wanting to maintain Acehnese for generations to come, even the third generation who speak less Acehnese because they fear of losing it in the future.
Understanding the Effects of Sample Preparation on the Chemical Structures of Petroleum Imaged with Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy

This study addresses the effect of sample preparation conditions on the structural integrity and composition of heavy hydrocarbon mixtures imaged by non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM). We designed and prepared a set of organic molecules mimicking well-accepted key characteristics of heavy oil asphaltenes including molecular architecture, molecular weight, boiling point, atomic H/C ratio and bond strength. We deliberately focused on multi-core molecule structures with long aliphatic linkers as this architecture was largely absent in previous nc-AFM studies of petroleum samples. The results confirm that all these molecules can be successfully imaged and remain intact under the same preparation conditions. Moreover, comparison with ultra-high resolution FT ICR-MS of a steam-cracked tar asphaltene sample suggests that the single molecules identified by nc-AFM span the entire molecule spectrum of the bulk sample. Overall, these results suggest that petroleum molecules within the scope of chosen molecules studied herein can be prepared intact and without bias and the imaged data can be representative.
The Sanctity of Life and the Right to Die: Social and Jurisprudential Aspects of the Euthanasia Debate in Australia and the United States

This paper reviews social and legal issues in the current euthanasia debate. Focusing on Australia and the United States, the author argues that the legalization of physician-assisted suicide ("PAS") and/or active voluntary euthanasia ("AVE") is inevitable within the short to medium term, given recent developments which have undermined the sanctity of life ethic. Legal factors supporting this assessment include the changing definition of death, the growth of a legallyrecognized right to self-determination extending to the withdrawal of life-support, and the recognition by some courts that life support may be withdrawn without consent because life is considered to be futile. The law, in turn, reflects broader changes in prevailing social philosophies that have been greatly influenced by rising individualism, the technological revolution in medicine and the promotion of debate through television and other media. Public opinion polls, the fragmentation of medical opinion over PAS/AVE and the declining influence of churches are also creating the conditions under which legalization would be a viable social policy. This paper reviews the emerging jurisprudence establishing a fight to die in Australia, the United States and the Netherlands. In view of the likelihood of PAS/AVE reform, the author argues that it is vital to articulate a stable philosophical basis for PAS/AVE which will provide a principled basis for any further incremental derogation from the sanctity of life ethic.
Drying and extraction of astaxanthin from pink shrimp waste (Farfantepenaeus subtilis): the applicability of spouted beds

Astaxanthin (3,3-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4-dione) is a ketocarotenoid, oxidized form of β-carotene being responsible for the pink to red pigmentation and widely distributed in aquatic animals such as shrimp, salmon, trout, and lobster (Stepnowski et al., 2005; Higuera-Ciapara et al., 2006; Pu et al., 2011; Ambati et al., 2014). Astaxanthin has important applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries and as a source of pigmentation in aquiculture feed (Higuera-Ciapara et al., 2006; Sachindra et al., 2007; Dhankhar et al., 2012; Prameela et al., 2017). The pigment is also considered in medical and biomedical studies and applications due to its biological function as a vitamin A precursor and its high antioxidative effects (Lorenz & Cysewski, 2000; Guerin et al., 2003; Yang et al., 2016; Prameela et al., 2017). Ot has been reported that Astaxanthin has up to 10 times the antioxidant activity of other carotenoids such as zeaxanthin, lutein, canthaxanthin and β-carotene; and 100 times more that of α-tocopherol (Miki, 1991; Naguib, 2000; Silva et al., 2015).
Sleep as a mediator in the context of emotional problems in adolescents with IBD: A pilot study

Background: Sleep has an impact on daily life. Particularly among adolescents with IBD, adequate sleep seems to be important, as the disease itself and the associated symptoms can cause distress and impair daytime functioning. However, often parental and youth reports differ regarding perceived sleep problems of adolescents. Besides sleep problems, depression and anxiety are often prominent in young IBD patients. To date, the interplay between sleep, anxiety/depression symptoms and IBD is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to (1) evaluate sleep problems in adolescents suffering from IBD, (2) compare adolescents’ sleep quality and impairments according to self- and parental reports, and (3) investigate the interaction between IBD symptomatology, emotional problems and sleep disturbances. Methods: 29 adolescents (age 10 - 22; M = 14.44 , SD = 1.78 ) with IBD and their parents took part in the study. Adolescents and parents completed questionnaires concerning sleep, emotional problems, and IBD symptomatology. Results: Especially overtiredness, insomnia symptoms, and nightmares play a prominent role regarding sleep problems in youths. Self-rated sleep problems and parental ratings were inconsistent, particularly for nightmares (Z = -2.12; p = .034). However, other ratings concerning emotional problems and sleep, especially anxiety and nightmares, were significantly related(r = .426, p = .034), even though we found no mediation effect for the association between IBD, nightmares and anxiety. Discussion: The present study revealed the importance of sleep and emotional well-being for adolescents suffering from IBD. Moreover, it became clear that the role of anxiety in youths suffering from IBD and sleep problems is not sufficiently answered yet. Not only emotional behavior but also sleep should be addressed when diagnosing IBD or during treatment of IBD. In addition, these results show the need for further investigation regarding the differences between parental and self-reports concerning sleep problems in young IBD patients.
Efficient Photoacoustic Conversion in Optical Nanomaterials and Composites

Photoacoustic pulses generated by pulsed laser irradiation have the characteristics of high frequency and wide bandwidth, which are desirable for imaging and sensing. Efficient photoacoustic composites have been developed for fabricating photoacoustic transmitters capable of generating high‐amplitude ultrasound. Here, recent advances in photoacoustic transmitters are reviewed from an application perspective, starting with the fundamental aspects of photoacoustic generation. The topics discussed include various composite materials for photoacoustic generation, and their applications such as high‐amplitude therapy, imaging and sensing, and photoacoustic waveform control.
A Low-Complexity Multicast Scheduling for D2D-Aided F-RANs Using Network Coding

Traditional studies on Instantly Decodable Network Coding (IDNC) focus on optimizing IDNC metrics, i.e., completion time or decoding delay, in broadcast scenarios in which all user-devices (UDs) want the same files. The problem of joint optimization over two interdependent parameters, i.e., transmitting user-devices (UDs) and IDNC was traditionally tackled by finding the set of feasible cooperation between UDs. This, however, requires high computational complexity, which is not feasible. This work, instead, develops low complexity, yet optimal, solution to the problem using graph theory in practical multicast scenarios where UDs are interested in different subsets of files. Specifically, the proposed method studies the condition for generating important UDs’ feasible cooperation that can minimize the IDNC metric under investigation while considering the effect of unwanted files on the performance of IDNC schemes for multicast sessions. Numerical results show that the proposed method outperforms the benchmark method in terms of completion time and decoding delay with significant reduction in the computational complexity.
Lead-Free Halide Double Perovskites: A Review of the Structural, Optical, and Stability Properties as Well as Their Viability to Replace Lead Halide Perovskites

Perovskite solar cells employ lead halide perovskite materials as light absorbers. These perovskite materials have shown exceptional optoelectronic properties, making perovskite solar cells a fast-growing solar technology. Perovskite solar cells have achieved a record efficiency of over 20%, which has superseded the efficiency of Gräztel dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) technology. Even with their exceptional optical and electric properties, lead halide perovskites suffer from poor stability. They degrade when exposed to moisture, heat, and UV radiation, which has hindered their commercialization. Moreover, halide perovskite materials consist of lead, which is toxic. Thus, exposure to these materials leads to detrimental effects on human health. Halide double perovskites with A2B′B″X6 (A = Cs, MA; B′ = Bi, Sb; B″ = Cu, Ag, and X = Cl, Br, I) have been investigated as potential replacements of lead halide perovskites. This work focuses on providing a detailed review of the structural, optical, and stability properties of these proposed perovskites as well as their viability to replace lead halide perovskites. The triumphs and challenges of the proposed lead-free A2B′B″X6 double perovskites are discussed here in detail.
Improvement of Soil Chemistry Characteristic of Upland with Rock Phosphate, Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and Farm Yard Manure For Increase of Soybean Yield

The experiment aims to know the role of rock phosphate, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and farm yard manure application in improve quality of acid upland and its influence to soybean yield. Experiment was conducted in the greenhouse using Ultisols from Kentrong at 2001 year. Factorial experiment design with two factors was used in randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factors was rock phosphate dosages i.e. : 0; 30; 60; 90 kg P ha -1 , and the second factor was combination of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and farm yard manure (FYM) i.e. : without PSB and FYM (control); PSB ( Pseudomonas fluorescens ); FYM 10 t ha -1 , and PSB+FYM. Results indicated that rock phosphate and combination of PSB and FYM application increased available P and decrase exchangeable Al of soils, increase nutrient uptake N, P, nodulation and grain yield of soybean. Application of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and farm yard manure combination with rock phosphate 30 kg P ha -1 dosages average increase grain yield soybean 23.5% compared with control. Grain yield of soybean 87% affected by variables of available P soils (X 1 ), nutrient uptake N (X 4 ) and P (X 5 ), with multiple regression equation : Y = 0.241 + 0.03900 X 1 + 0.00470 X 4 + 0.04263 X 5 .
Comparison of Sevelamer and Calcium Carbonate in Prevention of Hypomagnesemia in Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a life-threatening disease with numerous complications. Hemodialysis (HD) patients are prone to magnesium deficiency due to malnutrition, which can cause cardiovascular complications and increase mortality. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of sevelamer and calcium carbonate, as phosphate binders, on serum levels of magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus in HD patients. Methods: A parallel clinical trial was conducted on 54 patients undergoing HD at Kosar Hospital of Semnan. The inclusion criteria were end-stage renal disease (ESRD), alternative HD treatment for at least 3 months 3 times a week, and serum phosphate levels greater than 4.5 mg/dL. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups of sevelamer (n = 27) and calcium carbonate (n = 27). If the participants were taking a phosphate binder, they were asked to stop it for 3 weeks. Participants in the sevelamer group received 800 mg of sevelamer at most three times a day and those in the calcium carbonate group were treated with 500 mg of calcium carbonate at most 3 times a day. Before and 3 months after the intervention, the serum levels of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were measured through the Arsenazo method using the Pars Azmun kit in the Selectra auto-analyzer. Twenty-one patients in the sevelamer group and 22 patients in the calcium carbonate group finished the study. Results: The results showed that calcium carbonate and sevelamer increased serum magnesium level by 0.20 (P = 0.028) and 0.26 (P = 0.002), on average, which were statistically significant. The administration of calcium carbonate did not significantly change serum calcium levels (P = 0.53), whereas sevelamer reduced serum calcium levels by 0.23 (P = 0.017), on average. This reduction was statistically significant. The results also indicated that none of the calcium carbonate (P = 0.099) and sevelamer (P = 0.543) caused significant changes in serum phosphorus levels. The study findings showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of changes in the serum levels of magnesium (0.590), calcium (0.116), and phosphorus (0.113). Conclusions: Both drugs (Sevelamer and calcium carbonate) prevented hypomagnesemia and increased serum magnesium levels, but no significant differences were found in blood levels of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium compared to the two drugs. Considering the effect of magnesium on cardiovascular diseases, increasing the serum magnesium levels through the administration of calcium carbonate and sevelamer can prevent the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases. However, none of the studied drugs was superior to the other in this regard.