Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Humic Acid on the Transport of Two Types of Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Quartz Sand

In this study, transport and retention behaviors of the two types of nZnO prepared with separate manufacturing methods were compared/analyzed according to the presence/absence of Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) adsorbed into the sand surface and the SRHA suspended in bulk solution, and to changes in the solution ionic strength (0.1–10 mM) in sand-repacked water-saturated columns. In the absence of suspended SRHA, nZnO-1 breakthrough was observed only in SRHA-coated soil, and the breakthrough amount decreased with the increase in the ionic strength (23.8% to 17.2% at 0.1 mM to 10 mM, respectively). In contrast, nZnO-2 breakthrough was not observed over the entire ionic strength range, regardless of the SRHA sand coating. With the presence of suspended SRHA, neither nZnO-1 nor nZnO-2 showed a significant difference in the breakthrough amount regardless of sand coating or ionic strength. However, the breakthrough amount of nZnO-1 was higher than that of nZnO-2 (51.5% versus 37.7% at 10 mM with 1 mg/L SRHA). From confirming the difference in transport between the two types of nZnO, the amount of SRHA adsorbed into nZnO-1 was less than the amount adsorbed into nZnO-2 (0.29 mg/g versus 0.64 mg/g at 10 mM with 1 mg/L SRHA). This result was considered to be due to the larger nZnO-1 breakthrough amount than the nZnO-2 breakthrough amount, which was caused by the larger amount of suspended SRHA that could occupy the deposition sites in the nZnO-1 suspension. Because the rate of SRHA deposition on the sand surface was higher than on nZnO, nZnO transport improved in the presence of suspended SRHA, and changed according to the amount of suspended SRHA.
Comparison of model types for prediction of seafloor trawlability in the Gulf of Alaska by using multibeam sonar data

4 Alaska Regional Office National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA P.O. Box 21668 Juneau, Alaska 99802 Abstract—Many rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) inhabit rugged areas of seafloor that are inaccessible to survey trawl gear. Their utilization of such habitat makes estimation of their abundance difficult. Furthermore, it is often difficult to assess whether habitat is trawlable or untrawlable and to estimate the spatial extent of both habitat types. To help determine trawlability for the continental shelf in the Gulf of Alaska, we used multibeam sonar data collected in the area during 2011, 2013, and 2015. These data were used to derive 3 characteristics of the seafloor: oblique incidence backscatter strength (Sb oblique), seafloor ruggedness, and bathymetric position index. Habitat type was categorized as trawlable or untrawlable through analysis of video from deployed drift cameras. We tested the effectiveness of the use of these seafloor characteristics in prediction of habitat trawlability with 4 types of models: generalized linear model, generalized additive model, boosted regression tree, and random forest. All 4 models perform moderately well at predicting trawlability across the shelf, and results from all of them indicate that Sb oblique is the most important characteristic in discriminating between trawlable and untrawlable habitat. These results indicate that multibeam sonar data can help determine habitat type, information that in turn can help improve habitatspecific estimates of biomass of marine fish species.
Temperature‐dependent synthesis of Mn3O4 nanostructures by microwave irradiation method for high‐performance supercapacitors

Nanostructured Mn3O4 electrodes were synthesized via a simple and rapid one‐step microwave irradiation route, using manganese (II) nitrate hexahydrate and hydrazine hydrate. Four different morphologies (plate‐like, hexagonal‐like, rice‐like, and sphere‐like) were obtained by changing the reaction temperature such as 125°C, 150°C, 175°C, and 200°C (denoted as Mn‐125, Mn‐150, Mn‐175, and Mn‐200). Various analytical techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller, Raman, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis were utilized to characterize the physicochemical properties of the prepared electrodes. The average crystallite sizes of the Mn‐125, Mn‐150, Mn‐175, and Mn‐200 samples were ~32.3, ~28.8, ~31.7, and ~28.9 nm, respectively. To evaluate the electrochemical properties of the Mn3O4 nanostructures for supercapacitors, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements were performed. Remarkably, the hexagonal‐like Mn3O4 electrode showed a higher specific capacitance of 449.98 F g−1 at a lower current density of 1 A g−1 and showing outstanding cyclic permanence (95% capacitance retention 5000 cycles) than the other nanostructures.
Post‐fire behaviour of structural stainless steel

Stainless steel offers excellent mechanical properties as well as corrosion resistance and performs better in a fire compared to carbon steel in that it retains its strength and stiffness for a longer duration. The current paper is focussed on the post‐fire condition, which has only received limited attention to date from the research community. The motivation for the work is to show that stainless steel elements which have been exposed to fire can be re‐instated with minimal additional costs in a short time frame. The paper proceeds with a description of recent material tests into the residual properties of grade 1.4301 austenitic stainless steel, following exposure to elevated temperature. Two different types of test are added to this available data. Firstly, a series of tensile tests are completed on coupons taken from a loaded stainless steel beam previously examined under fire conditions. Secondly, a set of virgin coupons (i.e. which have not been previously heated or tested) are exposed to different levels of elevated temperature and cooling procedures. This is with a view to understanding the ability of structural elements made from this material to survive a fire and continue in service. The results are then employed along with other data obtained from the literature to conduct a detailed study into the design considerations.
Decomposing the Oxygen Signal in the Ocean Interior: Beyond Decomposing Organic Matter

In the subsurface ocean, O2 depleted because of organic matter remineralization is generally estimated based on apparent oxygen utilization (AOU). However, AOU is an imperfect measure of oxygen utilization because of O2 air‐sea disequilibrium at the site of deepwater formation. Recent methodological and instrumental advances have paved the way to further deconvolve the processes driving the O2 signature. Using numerical model simulations of the global ocean, we show that the measurements of the dissolved O2/Ar ratio, which so far have been confined to the ocean surface, can provide improved estimates of oxygen utilization, especially in regions where the disequilibrium at the site of deepwater formation is associated with physical processes. We discuss applications of this new approach and implications for the current tracers relying on O2 such as remineralization ratios, respiratory quotients, and preformed nutrients. Finally, we propose a new composite geochemical tracer, [O2]bio* combining dissolved O2/Ar and phosphate concentration. Being insensitive to photosynthesis and respiration, the change in this new tracer reflects gas exchange at the air‐sea interface at the sites of deepwater formation.
The Landscape of PDK1 in Breast Cancer

Simple Summary Approximately 2,261,419 new cases of breast cancer (BC) and 684,996 BC-related deaths are estimated to occur in 2020 globally. New individualized therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for affected patients. The aim of our review was to assess the potential role of targeted PDK1 therapies in BC. We hope the information provided on clinical trials of PDK1-targeted therapies will benefit researchers and clinicians in the breast cancer field. Abstract Given that 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) plays a crucial role in the malignant biological behaviors of a wide range of cancers, we review the influence of PDK1 in breast cancer (BC). First, we describe the power of PDK1 in cellular behaviors and characterize the interaction networks of PDK1. Then, we establish the roles of PDK1 in carcinogenesis, growth and survival, metastasis, and chemoresistance in BC cells. More importantly, we sort the current preclinical or clinical trials of PDK1-targeted therapy in BC and find that, even though no selective PDK1 inhibitor is currently available for BC therapy, the combination trials of PDK1-targeted therapy and other agents have provided some benefit. Thus, there is increasing anticipation that PDK1-targeted therapy will have its space in future therapeutic approaches related to BC, and we hope the novel approaches of targeted therapy will be conducive to ameliorating the dismal prognosis of BC patients.
Scale validation for home office work scale (HOWS) assessment during the COVID - 19 pandemic

Background information : Due to the expansion of the new Coronavirus (COVID-19), many countries have adopted social isolation as a preventive measure to contain the disease. Staying at home led to the adaptation of many professional activities to work at home (Home Office) in order to make possible the continuity and creation of new work systems, but it also affected the routine of the home and the way of working, allowing substantial changes in people's behavior, justifying this study. Objective: To validate the scale for assessing the impact on human behavior in working conditions in the Home Office due to social isolation. Method: Data collection was done online, using a specific computational tool (google forms) for this type of research. The initial sample was 1083 volunteers. After collection, a database was created for statistical analysis of the data and validation of the instrument. Two statistical criteria were used, the Factor Loads of the Main
Empowering leadership in hospitality and tourism management: a systematic literature review

Purpose This study aims to review the empirical studies on empowering leadership in hospitality and tourism and proposes an associated research agenda. Design/methodology/approach A disciplined selection process using transparent inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in a final sample of 25 empirical studies. The research results from these studies were systematically analyzed using content analysis. Findings The synthesis of these articles highlights that: studies on empowering leadership in hospitality and tourism are mainly based on motivational theories and theories with a social orientation; empowering leadership has been examined within various cultures mostly using quantitative methods; multiple instruments are used to measure empowering leadership; and empowering leadership is a variously defined construct that has been found to promote creativity and innovation, service performance and various employee attitudes and behaviors. Research limitations/implications The authors provide an integrated framework for empowering leadership in hospitality and tourism contexts, proposing theoretical implications and directions for further research. Practical implications This review identified growing research interest in empowering leadership in diverse hospitality and tourism contexts, as well as an increasing impetus to understand how leaders can effectively empower their subordinates. Originality/value The study provides a systematic understanding of empirical research examining the theoretical frameworks, antecedents, mediators, moderators and consequences of empowering leadership in various hospitality and tourism contexts. Significant opportunities remain for further research to address the gaps and limitations discovered.
Probiotics and Trained Immunity

The characteristics of innate immunity have recently been investigated in depth in several research articles, and original findings suggest that innate immunity also has a memory capacity, which has been named “trained immunity”. This notion has revolutionized our knowledge of the innate immune response. Thus, stimulation of trained immunity represents a therapeutic alternative that is worth exploring. In this context, probiotics, live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host, represent attractive candidates for the stimulation of trained immunity; however, although numerous studies have documented the beneficial proprieties of these microorganisms, their mechanisms of action are not yet fully understood. In this review, we propose to explore the putative connection between probiotics and stimulation of trained immunity.
Developments in the Market for Employment Websites in the U.S

Abstract With the wide-spread adoption of the Internet, websites that host job boards and CV banks have become important intermediaries in the labor market. Despite their popularity and conflicting evidence about their effectiveness, we know relatively little about the market for these websites and about their decision making. We address this void in two ways. First, we document how the market for employment websites evolved in the U.S. Second, we explore how a rapid expansion of Craigslist into local markets in the U.S. impacted market concentration and decision-making of competing websites.
User Identification Leveraging Whispered Sound for Wearable Devices

The increasingly popular usage of wearable devices provides users with the ability to continuously track their health conditions or physical activities. For instance, the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor embedded on smart watches could be utilized to collect sensing data, which can be mined to monitor people's heart rate or hand gestures. Such system is however vulnerable to user spoofing, in which a user distributes his/her device to other users such that the data collected from these users could be claimed to be his/her own. Thus, it is critical to identify the user for many wearable devices, allowing the sensing data to be labeled properly. Existing approaches mainly focus on targeting the unlocking of mobile devices or performing continuous user verification based on the human's behavior traits. In this paper, we propose a user identification system by leveraging the user's whispered sound to mitigate user spoofing for wearable devices. Our system exploits the contact microphone placed into contact with the body to capture the user's whispered sound which travels through the person's body for user identification. Given the captured acoustic data, our system first identifies frames which contain whispered events from the recording. Our system then calculates acoustic features from the identified whispered frames to determine whether the voice is collected when the microphone is on the body. Moreover, to make our system robust, we assign different quality weights to the whisper's phonemes by considering their consistency (i.e., intra user's differences) and distinctiveness (i.e., inter user's differences) simultaneously. Our experiments demonstrate that our user identification system is robust and accurate across various scenarios.
Determinants of societal and academic recognition: Evidence from randomised controlled trials

Given the increasing importance of recognition in academia and the vital role of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in medical research and clinical decisions, this study verifies how RCTs’ academic and societal impacts are affected by visibility factors, subjects and methodological validity. This study concentrated on a sample of 446 RCTs indexed in Scopus and evaluated by Cochrane reviewers in terms of their methodological validity. The altmetrics, bibliometric and bibliographical information were extracted from Altmetric.com and Scopus, and the contributing countries’ development ranks were obtained from the United Nations Development report. The linear regression analyses revealed that citations and altmetrics depend on some subjects. They are also affected by publication year and journals’ previous reputation. Citations are also affected by keyword counts and reference counts. Keyword counts and contributing countries’ developmental rank also predict the tweet counts. While none of the methodological validity dimensions were found to predict citations, ‘Incomplete Outcome Data’ and ‘Random Sequence Generation’ significantly, though slightly, affect Mendeley Readership and tweets, respectively. By confirming the dependence of RCTs’ recognition on some methodological validity features and attention-inducing characteristics, the study provides further evidence on the interaction of quality and visibility dynamisms in the recognition network and the complementary role of societal mentions for academic citation.
Validation and Clinical Application of a New Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) Method for Dalbavancin Quantification in Human Plasma

Dalbavancin (DBV) is an intravenous long-acting second-generation glycolipopeptide antibiotic with high efficacy and excellent tolerability, approved for use in the treatment of Gram-positive skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI). Nevertheless, little is known about its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties in real life, which is also due to technical challenges in its quantification in human plasma, preventing an effective application of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). In fact, DBV has a high affinity to plasma proteins, possibly resulting in poor recovery after extraction procedure. The aim of this study was to validate a simple, cheap and reliable HPLC-MS method for use in TDM, in accordance with FDA and EMA guidelines. The optimized protein precipitation protocol required 50 μL of plasma, while chromatographic analysis could be performed in 12 min/sample. This method fulfilled the guidelines requirements and then, it was applied for routine DBV TDM in patients receiving off-label high doses (two 1500 + 1500 mg weekly infusions instead of 1000 + 500 mg), with normal renal function or undergoing hemodialysis: continuous hemodiafiltration caused a relevant reduction in DBV exposure, while intermittent dialysis showed comparable DBV concentrations with those of patients with normal renal function. This confirmed the eligibility of the presented method for use in TDM and its usefulness in clinical practice.
Low energy reactions of halo nuclei

Halo nuclei are extreme nuclear states consisting of one or more weakly-bound valence nucleons spatially decoupled from a tightly bound nuclear core. The weakly bound nature of the halo dominates the reaction probability, but the specific reaction mechanisms depend also on the core and target nuclei. Despite of the inherent complexity of the reaction process, simple two-body models and direct reaction theories can be used to extract useful information of the structure of the halo nucleus and its dynamics. These ideas are discussed using selected experiments of Coulomb barrier reactions with one- and two- neutron halo systems.
Set-Valued T-Translative Functions and Their Applications in Finance

A theory for set-valued functions is developed, which are translative with respect to a linear operator. It is shown that such functions cover a wide range of applications, from projections in Hilbert spaces, set-valued quantiles for vector-valued random variables, to scalar or set-valued risk measures in finance with defaultable or nondefaultable securities. Primal, dual, and scalar representation results are given, among them an infimal convolution representation, which is not so well known even in the scalar case. Along the way, new concepts of set-valued lower/upper expectations are introduced and dual representation results are formulated using such expectations. An extension to random sets is discussed at the end. The principal methodology consisted of applying the complete lattice framework of set optimization.
Two Sides of Quantum-Based Modeling of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions: Mechanistic and Electronic Structure Aspects of the Hydrolysis by Glutamate Carboxypeptidase

We report the results of a computational study of the hydrolysis reaction mechanism of N-acetyl-l-aspartyl-l-glutamate (NAAG) catalyzed by glutamate carboxypeptidase II. Analysis of both mechanistic and electronic structure aspects of this multistep reaction is in the focus of this work. In these simulations, model systems are constructed using the relevant crystal structure of the mutated inactive enzyme. After selection of reaction coordinates, the Gibbs energy profiles of elementary steps of the reaction are computed using molecular dynamics simulations with ab initio type QM/MM potentials (QM/MM MD). Energies and forces in the large QM subsystem are estimated in the DFT(PBE0-D3/6-31G**) approximation. The established mechanism includes four elementary steps with the activation energy barriers not exceeding 7 kcal/mol. The models explain the role of point mutations in the enzyme observed in the experimental kinetic studies; namely, the Tyr552Ile substitution disturbs the “oxyanion hole”, and the Glu424Gln replacement increases the distance of the nucleophilic attack. Both issues diminish the substrate activation in the enzyme active site. To quantify the substrate activation, we apply the QTAIM-based approaches and the NBO analysis of dynamic features of the corresponding enzyme-substrate complexes. Analysis of the 2D Laplacian of electron density maps allows one to define structures with the electron density deconcentration on the substrate carbon atom, i.e., at the electrophilic site of reactants. The similar electronic structure element in the NBO approach is a lone vacancy on the carbonyl carbon atom in the reactive species. The electronic structure patterns revealed in the NBO and QTAIM-based analyses consistently clarify the reactivity issues in this system.
Specifying the Nature of the Victim-Offender Overlap: A Gendered Analysis of Victimization and Offending Subtypes

ABSTRACT A robust correlation exists between victimization and adolescent offending, but questions remain about how strongly subtypes of victimization may influence offending as well as the relative impact of victimization versus non-victimization adversities on offending. Drawing on General Strain Theory, we argue that interpersonal victimization may promote several types of offending more strongly than other adverse childhood experiences, that physical victimization by parents may have a particularly strong influence on offending, and that these relationships may depend partly on gender. Using a nationally representative sample of 10–17-year-olds, we test a priori hypotheses concerning the association between victimization and offending among males and females. Net of controls, results reveal that physical victimization by parents is more strongly related to violent offending than other forms of physical victimization and that property victimization is associated with both violent and property offending. Results suggest the victimization-offender overlap applies to both males and females, but victimization does not explain a significant portion of the gender gap in offending. Implications of this research are that an accurate portrayal of the victim-offender overlap requires consideration of victimization and offending subtypes and that prevention efforts should be guided by trauma-informed care paying particular attention to family dynamics.