Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advantages and disadvantages between allograft versus autograft in anterior cruciate ligament replacement

The number of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries keeps rising year after year. The rise has a lot to do with the number of women and youth involved in sports. With the rise in ACL injuries, so many people are trying to identify the options available for ACL reconstruction. There are a few options available to these people, one being an allograft reconstruction, and the other an autograft reconstruction. In an allograft reconstruction the surgeon uses a harvested cadaver tendon that has been frozen to maintain it freshness. The other option for a reconstruction graft is the autograft. In an autograft reconstruction the graft is taken from the patient themselves and used as the new ACL. In this procedure, the tendon is harvested from the patient prior to the ACL reconstruction. As both surgeries have their pros and cons, this review will identify the most up-to-date advantages and disadvantages for both allograft and autograft procedures in ACL replacement.
Managing the duality: managerial challenges in an ICT-intensive ‘professionalised services’ model

This paper unites two streams of enquiry: ‘managerial work’ and ‘professional services call centres’. The ‘role of the manager’ is an under researched area in call centre studies though the ‘managerial regime’ has been frequently invoked while describing the info-normative control mechanisms. Additionally, there is a paucity of discussion on professional services call centres since much of the commentaries are situated in the context of mechanistic or mass-customised service delivery models. A call centre employing professionals is distinctive in its nature. A professional workforce is required to work in an information communication technology (ICT)-dominated ecosystem where their autonomy and discretion is constrained. This paper captures the voice of the General Manager (GM) of a health contact centre (HCC) and critically examines the impact of the work organisation on the managerial role. This case study sheds light on the key competencies of the GM who is required to negotiate the duality of the work organisation – preserving the established practices of the nursing workforce and transitioning them into the efficiency-driven environment of a call centre.
Practical Approach to Model Trip Chaining

The need to model trip chaining has been discussed widely in the travel demand literature, but new approaches generally have been limited to academic research. Trip chaining was modeled in an actual urban area model. The model was developed for Boise, Idaho, on the basis of a household survey of 1,600 households. For this model, a tour was defined as a sequence of trip segments that start at home and end at home. The model distinguishes between two main types of tours: A tour that includes one or more work destinations is defined as a work-related tour (WRT); all other tours are defined as nonwork-related tours (NWRT). A model system was developed by assuming the hierarchy of the model components. The highest-level model estimates auto ownership for the household. On the basis of auto ownership, the frequency of WRT is estimated, and on the basis of the frequency of WRT, the frequency of NWRT is modeled. These three model components produce the number of WRT and NWRT for each household. All subsequent models are estimated at the tour level. The WRT model system includes work destination choice model, tour type model including the number of stops on the way to and from work and midday trips, and secondary destination choice model for all nonwork destinations. The NWRT model was developed in the same way with some structural differences.
Modes of Corona Discharges in Air

Corona discharges in air exist under several distinctive forms, either pulsative or stable. The properties of different corona modes are analyzed as they appear in a cylindrical distorted field. Differences between dc and ac excitations are emphasized. Corona discharges may produce energy loss without detectable radio noise or high noise at low energy loss, depending upon their form of appearance. The different withstands of asymmetric gaps under different polarities also find their explanation in corona mechanism.
Real-time sound localization using time difference for human robot interaction

Abstract This paper suggests an algorithm that can detect the direction of sound source at real time. The algorithm uses the time difference or phase difference in the sound source from the three microphones, which are located with difference of 120 degree between two microphones. In addition, sound source tracing algorithm having shorter execution time than that of an existing algorithm is proposed to fit the real-time service robot. Our algorithm has almost correct result within range of an error of ± 6 degree. In consideration of the states of reverberation, echo and the altitude of sound source, if the algorithm is improved, then better efficiency will be expected.
Calculation of radio loss in forest environments by an empirical formula

This paper focuses on the calculation of radio loss in forest environments. In the study, an optimum four‐layered forest model is proposed for the calculation of radio loss in forest environments. This optimum four‐layered forest model is obtained by modifying a commonly used model consisting of homogeneous and isotropic dielectric layers placed over a conducting flat earth. The dielectric constant of tree trunks is obtained from published papers, and the equivalent dielectric constant of the tree canopy is calculated with the equivalent dielectric constant technique. After comparing the numerical results with those obtained from measurement data, it is found that there is good agreement between the numerical results and the measurement data. Based on the numerical results, an empirical formula is developed by using the least square curve‐fitting method. This empirical formula is suitable for the calculations of radio loss in forest environments in a frequency range of 1–100 GHz. This formula also provides a simple, fast, accurate, and inexpensive method for calculating the radio loss in forest environments. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 474–480, 2001.
Molecular identification of the morphologically cryptic Asian common treefrogs (Anura: Rhacophoridae, Polypedates leucomystax complex) in Thailand

New amphibian species in Southeast Asia have been continuously reported. However, the diversity of amphibians in this region is underestimated due to the prevalence of cryptic species. Recent molecular studies revealed that many amphibian species in Southeast Asia including Polypedates leucomystax comprised cryptic species. In this study, we reveal the cryptic diversity within P. leucomystax complex in Thailand. The 16S rRNA gene (588 to 621 bp) was analyzed from 218 specimens in 54 provinces of Thailand. Then, a different region of 16S (376 to 379 bp) was analyzed using 19 selected sequences from the first analyses and six tadpole from GenBank. Based on phylogenetic analyses, the first tree showed P. leucomystax complex was a monophyletic group. Our specimen collection fell within four clades; A-clade (P. leucomystax), B-clade (Polypedates sp.), C-clade (P. megacephalus) and E-clade (P. discantus). The most intraspecific p-distances were less than or equal to 0.03 while the interspecific p-distance were greater than 0.03. Moreover, the second phylogenetic analysis showed that six tadpole sequences were clustered in the clades of P. cf. mutus1, P. braueri and Polypedates sp. We found P. megacephalus and P. leucomystax were the dominant species in Indochinese and Sundaic subregions, respectively. Furthermore, the B-clade could be considered as a new clade because their genetics differred from the others. Our results concluded that there was cryptic diversity within Asian common treefrogs in Thailand. Molecular identification using 16S marker in our study provided reliable results to identify this cryptic species and will be useful for further studies in population genetics and biogeography.
A QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY ON THE REUSE OF TREATED SEWAGE IN TAMAGAWA CHANNEL

Under the serious circumstances of water supply in big cities, effluents from sewage works are recently reused at various places. The aim of this study is to consider the problems in the reuse of treated sewage. Tamagawa Channel in Tokyo was chosen as the object of the study. Treated sewage has been discharged into Tamagawa Channel since 1986.Various information was obtained through questionnaires sent to inhabitants who live near the channel. The contents of this questionnaire were attribute of repliers, recognition for Tamagawa Channel, valuation of reusing treated sewage, and so on. Three important problems in the reuse of treated sewage were found through the questionnaire; odour of treated sewage, insufficient water flow, prejudice against treated sewage. Color of treated sewage or generation of mosquitoes may be other problems. The quality of treated sewage should be improved to make the reuse of treated sewage more prevalent.
SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION FOR WATER TABLE CONTROL AND POTATO PRODUCTION

For three crop seasons (1995-1997), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) were grown in the field to evaluate the use of an automatically controlled subsurface drip (SDI) irrigation system with conventional semi-closed seepage irrigation (subirrigation). Both the SDI irrigation system and the automated irrigation control system performed well, and crop yields produced exceeded the industry average each year. The field water table responded more quickly to irrigation with SDI, and the water table was more accurately controlled at the desired level. Potato yields were statistically similar with the two irrigation systems, although 36% less irrigation water was applied with SDI, despite water requirements for filtration and flushing to prevent emitter plugging. The continuous injection of a commercially available irrigation line cleaner prevented the buried irrigation emitters from plugging throughout the crop season. Emitter flow rate reductions occurred whenever irrigation was interrupted for extended periods of time, but flow rates recovered within days of the resumption of regular irrigations and chemical water treatment. Energy required for irrigation pumping was about 70% higher with SDI, despite lower volume of water applied, because the operating pressure was much higher than with seepage irrigation. Estimated cost to convert an existing seepage system to SDI is $990/ha.
MOKSLAS – LIETUVOS ATEITIS SCIENCE – FUTURE OF LITHUANIA Verslas XXI amžiuje Business in XXI century

Considering increased competition nowadays, businesses strive to gain competitive advantage, increase their economic indicators, work productivity and efficiency, reduce costs and get other benefits through implementation of integrated information systems. By improving internal processes and financial performance of the company, the general business performance could be influenced by the deployment of such information system (IS). In order to identify tangible and intangible benefits of IS implementation, influence on business performance, business processes and areas that are being affected, analysis of scientific literature, research synthesis and generalizations have been made.
How Do Engineering Managers Evaluate Technologies for Acquisition? A Review of the Electronics Industry

Abstract: This article presents technology evaluation and acquisition practices in the U.S. electronics manufacturing industry. Through these results a process of technology evaluation and acquisition for engineering managers is explained. The results are acquired through a survey of the U.S. electronics manufacturing industry. An engineering manager can use this article to develop a technology evaluation and acquisition strategy based on the goals of his/her company.
Experimental and computational fluid dynamics investigation of the efficiency of an unshrouded transonic high pressure turbine

This article presents an experimental and computational study of the efficiency of an unshrouded transonic turbine. This research formed part of the EU Turbine Aero-Thermal External Flows II programme. The experiments were performed in the Oxford Turbine Research Facility (previously the Turbine Test Facility at QinetiQ, Farnborough). This facility is an engine scale, short duration, rotating transonic facility, in which M, Re, T gas / T wall , and N / T 01 are matched to engine conditions. For these experiments, the MT1 turbine stage was installed. Historically, turbine efficiency measurements are conducted in steady state adiabatic facilities. However, short-duration facilities allow simultaneous aerodynamic and heat transfer measurements with a significant reduction in cost. An efficiency measurement system was developed for this investigation, and this is briefly described. The system allows efficiency to be evaluated to bias and precision errors of approximately ±1.45 per cent and ±0.16 per cent, respectively, to 95 per cent confidence. The results of accurate area surveys of the turbine inlet and exit flows are presented and discussed. At the turbine exit, data were taken at two traverse planes, approximately 0.5 and 4.5 rotor axial chords downstream of the rotor. The turbine efficiency was experimentally evaluated based on the data at both planes, using a number of mixing models, which are discussed and compared. The experimental result of turbine efficiency is also compared to that estimated from a mean-line prediction. Full-stage steady and unsteady computational fluid dynamics of the experiment using the Rolls-Royce HYDRA code was conducted and is also presented. The predicted and measured rotor exit flow-fields are compared at both downstream traverse planes.
Evolution of phase change memory characteristics with operating cycles: Electrical characterization and physical modeling

The authors report an improvement in electrical characteristics with operational cycles of phase change memory cells having Ge2Sb2Te5 as the active material. An increase in amorphous-state resistance and threshold voltage and decrease in crystalline-state resistance with cycling are observed, which can be explained by gradual compositional change of the memory material driven by the energy input during programming operations. It is also found that melting of the active volume is critical for such improvement in the electrical characteristics. A physical model is proposed based on an expanding cell active volume with operating cycles to self-consistently explain the reported electrical data.The authors report an improvement in electrical characteristics with operational cycles of phase change memory cells having Ge2Sb2Te5 as the active material. An increase in amorphous-state resistance and threshold voltage and decrease in crystalline-state resistance with cycling are observed, which can be explained by gradual compositional change of the memory material driven by the energy input during programming operations. It is also found that melting of the active volume is critical for such improvement in the electrical characteristics. A physical model is proposed based on an expanding cell active volume with operating cycles to self-consistently explain the reported electrical data.
“Making an impact”: a profile of a business planning competition in a university

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the issues experienced in the delivery of a business challenge to a cohort of business undergraduate students at the University of Glamorgan. The challenge involved initiating and running a “real” business and returning a profit within a week. The students worked in groups of up to eight and were given start up capital. The paper seeks to evaluate the impact of the business challenge in terms of changing entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviour, and to examine the skills competencies acquired by the individual students.Design/methodology/approach – The study employs a mixed method approach to examine the respondent experience. The basis of the investigation involved a semi‐structured questionnaire undertaken on completion of the challenge. In total, in excess of 50 students completed the research instrument. The questionnaire enabled the authors to quantitatively explore the overall impact of the business challenge by student age and gender. In addition, the semi struct.
Psychosocial supports utilized by caregivers of patients with dementia in South western Uganda: A qualitative investigation

Background Patients with dementia experience problems ranging from mild to severe impairments in daily life activities. In Uganda, like in most other low and middle-income countries, families are a cornerstone in providing care to patients with dementia. Serving as a caregiver for a person with Alzheimer’s disease is a physically, emotionally and financially demanding role, that is associated with increased stress, depression, fatigue, and financial strain. These have often resulted in elder abuse or neglect of the patients. Currently, data on psychosocial supports available to caregivers of patients with dementia in Uganda is not available.Methods We conducted a qualitative assessment of the psychosocial supports available to caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in southwestern Uganda, including the content of the formal and informal support interventions and by whom they are delivered.Results Medical practitioners provide educational support on the diagnosis and prognosis of dementia, but may not provide emotional support in the form of counseling to caregivers of patients with dementia. Caregivers in Southwestern Uganda, receive unstructured emotional and instrumental support from sources outside of the medical system such as family and community, which leave the Caregivers in confusion.Conclusions The medical care system offers some information about the clinical presentation of Alzheimer’s disease but little or no psychosocial support to the Caregivers of patients with the disease. This has implications for how families and Caregivers cope with the day-to-day care of patients with Alzheimer’s disease in Uganda and calls for institutionalization of structured psychosocial support for Caregivers to improve the care given to Alzheimer’s patients.
Dynamic Analysis of Rigid Airport Pavements with Discontinuities

A finite element procedure for the dynamic analysis of rigid airport pavements with discontinuities is presented. The analysis procedure considers the dynamic interaction between aircraft and a rigid pavement. The rigid pavement is modeled as a series of discontinuous, thin‐plate finite elements resting on a viscoelastic foundation. At the discontinuities, the load transfer devices are modeled as vertical springs, the stiffness of which depends on the dowel properties and the dowel‐concrete interaction. The viscoelastic foundation is modeled by distributed springs and dashpots. The moving aircraft loads are represented by masses supported by linear spring and dashpot systems, which have specified horizontal velocities and accelerations. Numerical results obtained from the analytical formulation presented are compared with available analytical solutions and experimental data. A parametric study is conducted to determine the effects of the various parameters on the dynamic response of jointed rigid pavement.
Infiltration Under Surge Flow Irrigation

ABSTRACT THE effect of intermittent application on infiltration rate was investigated. It was concluded that the intermittent application of water will increase the hydraulic gradient of infiltration and at the same time may result in consolidation of the soil. If the rate of consolidation is high enough to offset the effect of increased hydraulic gradient then the intermittent application will reduce the infiltration rate. On previously consolidated soils the intermittent application of water will increase the infiltration rate. The intake rates during the first irrigation of two cultivated soils were measured in the field for both continuous and surge flow irrigation. It was concluded that increasing the off-time in surge flow irrigation may increase the reduction of intake rate, but the process will be limited.
Semianalytical Solution to Richards' Equation for Layered Porous Media

Traditional finite-difference and finite-element solutions to Richards' equation can exhibit stability problems and mass balance errors when sharp saturation fronts migrate across material interfaces. Several semianalytical solutions to Richards' equation have been developed for layered media, but none allow for arbitrary constitutive relationships between capillary pressure, water saturation, and relative water permeability. This paper develops a more general semianalytical solution to Richards' equation that can simulate unsaturated flow in layered media and utilize arbitrary constitutive relationships. Based on a combination of the Runge-Kutta and shooting methods, initial-boundary-value problems are solved for layered systems without experiencing the types of stability problems commonly associated with numerical models. The proposed numerical scheme is computationally efficient and numerically stable, and it compares favorably with other analytical solutions. Results of two example simulations demonst.
Recycling of Spent Mushroom Substrates by Aerobic Composting to Produce Novel Horticultural Substrates

The mushroom industry in the United Kingdom, the country's second largest user of horticultural peat, considers it important to examine alternative materials. Reflecting this objective, a series of trial were conducted to examine whether SMS could hygienically and rapidly be recomposted and reused as a peat alternative for mushroom casing. Alternative horticultural uses of recomposted SMS, such as greenhouse crop substrates, also were considered. Analyses were conducted on leaching, physical and chemical factors, mushroom yields, disease generation, and the economics of different approaches.
Preservation Of Murals On Salt Loaded MasonryVaults By Electromigration

Salt induced deterioration of murals in churches has increased within the last decades in Denmark. However, no lasting preservation method has been found. Either murals are repainted by conservators or placed in climate chambers which give the deterioration a break. Ion migration in a solution in an applied electric DC field is termed electromigration and is a well known and accepted transport process. In wet porous clay brick masonry, which most Danish church vaults consist of electro migration is expected to be an efficient transport mechanism for ion extraction out of the vaults. This idea was tested in the present work. Electromigration experiments in bricks with low NaCl concentration (spiked into the brick by soaking) showed that it is possible to clean a brick to its initial ion content new from the factory. An experimental setup which is applicable under real conditions and with ion contents corresponding to heavily polluted church vaults (1.4 weight% chloride) showed significantly decreasing ion contents as a function of time. Experiments are ongoing to reach a harmless ion content which is thought to be a matter of duration and optimization of experimental conditions. Simultaneously with the electromigration process varying extends of acid and base is produced due to electrode reactions. Clarifying experiments showed extreme pH changes and pointed out the need for developments of electrode setups to avoid these changes. New experiments with the developed electrode units reduced the pH changes remarkably, which make the method usable in connection with cultural heritage. On the basis of successful laboratory results electrokinetics for extraction of ions from masonry vaults might be the missing lasting method to extract the damaging salts and thereby preserve the murals.