Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hematological values in bradypus variegatus (Schinz, 1825) from creatories of the Belém metropolitan region

The blood tissue is made up of three main cell types: erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells) and platelets (thrombocytes), suspended in a liquid phase named plasma. In addition to the cells, blood is composed of proteins, inorganic and organic substances, hormones and various components. The captive condition can also predispose the animal to a number of conditions, making it necessary to carry out laboratory tests for the biomonitoring of the animals. Among these tests, the complete hemogram stands out. This is done to assess the general health, guiding and deepening the nature of pathophysiological situations besides its utility as an aid to diagnosis and prognosis of certain diseases. The objective of this study is to describe the hematological values of brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus). Hence, eleven adult animals of both sexes (seven males and four females) at appropriate health conditions were used in the experiment. Blood was collected from the cephalic vein and analyzed through veterinary hematology counter. The evaluate hematological parameters included total count of erythrocytes and leukocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, average corpuscular volume, average corpuscular hemoglobin, average corpuscular hemoglobin concentration differential leukocyte count and platelet count. In general, the values did not differ from few studies in the literature. However, the score of platelets was greater in males than in females. The results achieved in the study can serve as a basis in determination and interpretation as hematologic references to brown-throated sloths in Para Amazon.
Seasonal and Latitudinal Response of New Zealand Sea Surface Temperature to Warming Climate Since the Last Glaciation: Comparing Alkenones to Mg/Ca Foraminiferal Reconstructions

Dual proxies were used to estimate paleo sea surface temperatures (SST) for the Bay of Plenty, north of New Zealand. U37K′ and Mg/Ca in the planktonic foraminifera Globogerina bulloides reconstruct SST for the growth seasons for the organisms they are based upon. U37K′ SST (summer) were consistently ~ 3.5 °C warmer than Mg/Ca (spring), suggesting that Bay of Plenty SST during the last glacial maximum (LGM) was 17.3 °C in summer and 13.8 °C in spring. Combining these results with published data based on the same proxies from other sites around New Zealand shows cooling of 3–4 °C in both seasons at all sites in the LGM relative to the Holocene. This indicates that overall, glacial surface water cooling was similar in subtropical and subpolar waters in both spring and summer. This contrasts with published foraminiferal assemblage reconstructions suggesting greater subantarctic cooling during the LGM. Deglacial warming across the region was characterized by changes in both seasonal and latitudinal temperature differences. Warming began in subtropical waters at ~21 ka, ~ 1.5 ka earlier than in subantarctic water. In the Bay of Plenty, the seasons maintained a consistent offset, while in Hawke Bay, springs stayed cold while summers warmed until after the Antarctic Cold Reversal. In contrast, subantarctic spring SST warmed rapidly, causing temperature differences to decrease between the Chatham Rise (subantarctic) and subtropical sites, possibly caused by shifting westerly winds. The use of multiple proxies enhances our understanding by adding a seasonal component to the glacial story of climate change in the southwest Pacific Ocean.
Comparison of rainfall products over sub-Sahara Africa

An ever-increasing number of rainfall estimates is available. They are used in many important applications such as ﬂood/drought monitoring, water management, or climate monitoring. Such data are especially valuable in sub-Saharan Africa, where rainfall has considerable socioeconomic impacts and the gauge and radar networks are sparse. The choice of a rainfall product can signiﬁcantly inﬂuence the performance of such applications. This study reviews previous works, evaluating or comparing rainfall products over different partsofsub-SaharanAfrica.Threetypesofrainfallproductsareconsidered:thegauge-only,thesatellite-based,andthereanalysisones.Inadditiontotheglobalrainfallproducts,weincludedthreeregionalonesspeciﬁcally developed for Africa: the African Rainfall Climatology version 2 (ARC2), the Rainfall Estimate version 2 (RFE2), and the Tropical Applications of Meteorology Using Satellite Data and Ground-Based Observations (TAMSAT)AfricanRainfallClimatologyandTimeSeries(TARCAT). Thegaugedensity,theorography,andtherainfallregime,whichvarywiththeclimateandtheseason,inﬂuencetheperformanceoftherainfall products. This review does not focus on comparing results, as many other publications doing so are already available. Instead, we propose this review as a guide through the different rainfall products available over Africa, and the factors inﬂuencing their performances. With this review, the reader can make informed decisions about which products serve their speciﬁc purpose best.
Our approach to pathology of sentinel lymph nodes for melanoma Author affiliations

As a concept sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) seems attractive in that it attempts to identify the first lymph node, rather than the nearest node, draining a particular anatomic area where a tumour has arisen. Pathological assessment can then indicate whether metastases are present and the procedure is either a strong prognostic indicator or possibly therapeutic in itself. These comments apply to any tumour type but with melanoma the pathological procedure is more problematic and any benefits above prognosis and staging are not universally accepted. The procedure does give accurate staging without the extra morbidity of regional node dissection (RND) and many patients gain psychological support from the information gained.
Seasonal Variations in Atmospheric Composition as Measured in Gale Crater, Mars

The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument onboard the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover measures the chemical composition of major atmospheric species (CO2, N2, 40Ar, O2, and CO) through a dedicated atmospheric inlet. We report here measurements of volume mixing ratios in Gale Crater using the SAM quadrupole mass spectrometer, obtained over a period of nearly 5 years (3 Mars years) from landing. The observation period spans the northern summer of MY 31 and solar longitude (LS) of 175° through spring of MY 34, LS = 12°. This work expands upon prior reports of the mixing ratios measured by SAM QMS in the first 105 sols of the mission. The SAM QMS atmospheric measurements were taken periodically, with a cumulative coverage of four or five experiments per season on Mars. Major observations include the seasonal cycle of CO2, N2, and Ar, which lags approximately 20–40° of LS behind the pressure cycle driven by CO2 condensation and sublimation from the winter poles. This seasonal cycle indicates that transport occurs on faster timescales than mixing. The mixing ratio of O2 shows significant seasonal and interannual variability, suggesting an unknown atmospheric or surface process at work. The O2 measurements are compared to several parameters, including dust optical depth and trace CH4 measurements by Curiosity. We derive annual mean volume mixing ratios for the atmosphere in Gale Crater: CO2 = 0.951 (±0.003), N2 = 0.0259 (±0.0006), 40Ar = 0.0194 (±0.0004), O2 = 1.61 (±0.09) x 10‐3, and CO = 5.8 (±0.8) x 10‐4.
Sustainable Utilization of Wetlands Resources in Selected Areas of Nyamira County, Kenya

Researches on wetland utilization in Kenya focus more on wetlands located in the ASALs and Lowland areas giving less emphasis to those in high agricultural potential highland areas. This paper examined the utilization of Sironga and Nyabomite wetlands resources in the high potential agricultural areas of Nyamira County. The specific objective established the resources and their uses. Purposive sampling was used in selecting study areas and key informants. Simple random sampling was used in selecting household heads. Data was obtained through the administration of 126 questionnaires of which 115 was used for analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data was presented using statistical tables, percentages and photographs. The common wetland resources utilization practices in the area are brick making activities and crop production. Traditionally, the wetlands provided place for conducting rituals and ceremonies. The following recommendations ought to be prioritized: identification of key stakeholders and assessment of their interests; emphasis on afforestation of the wetlands with trees that are friendly to the environment and adoption of alternative sources of livelihoods. The recommendations of this paper are useful in the sustainable utilization of wetland resources in Nyamira County and other high agricultural potential areas.
Non-destructive testing investigation of gaps in thin Glare laminates

ABSTRACT The manufacturing of Fibre Metal Laminates, consisting of alternating layers of pre-preg fibre and metal is complex, and defects can be introduced during manufacturing. The automation of the manufacturing steps is vital for future Glare production, and specific defects have to be considered. Among them, gaps between pre-preg plies represent a potential risk for the mechanical performances of the laminate. In this paper/research, non-destructive testing based on ultrasonic inspections are performed on Glare with pre-preg gaps in order to extend and improve the current state of the art to different pre-preg gap widths, depths, and lay-ups. Firstly, gaps were introduced in Glare specimens. Then, a conventional C-scan ultrasonic inspection is performed. In order to overcome the current limitations of a top or planar view of the laminates, the evaluation of the depth of the gaps in the laminates is performed by means of phased array ultrasonic testing. Finally, images of the laminate cross-section have been collected in order to provide a meaningful evidence of the ultrasonic-based analysis. Results from different Glare and gap widths and depths show the accuracy of the proposed investigation which is able to provide a detailed assessment of the gap occurrences also for very thin laminates.
Comparative evaluation of effect of Olanzapine and Quetiapine on body weight and body mass index (BMI) in psychotic patients at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nepal

Background: Atypical antipsychotics are currently the most frequently prescribed class of drugs for psychotic illness. Weight gain and obesity are more problematic with atypical antipsychotics than with typical antipsychotics. Since weight gain contributes to non-compliance with treatment and may lead to medical morbidity, it is important to know and compare the weight gain associated with the use of most commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotics olanzapine and quetiapine at our set up. Objective: Comparative evaluation of changes in body weight and body mass index (BMI) of psychotic patients treated with olanzapine and quetiapine in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nepal. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nepalgunj Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Nepalgunj, for a period of 6 months between July to December 2014. A total of 40 patients suffering from psychotic disorders were included in the study and randomly allocated in two groups: Group-I (20 patients) received tablet olanzapine (10–15 mg/day) and Group-II (20 patients) received tablet quetiapine (200–600 mg/day). Patients were followed upto 6 weeks. All values were expressed in mean ± SD. The changes in body weight and BMI were measured at 0 and 6 weeks. Statistical analysis was done by using paired and unpaired T-test. p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Result: Mean weight in group receiving olanzapine at 0 and 6 weeks was 54.59±6.72 kg and 58.75±6.76 kg, respectively and in quetiapine group was 55.37±5.63 kg and 57.18±5.93 kg, respectively (p 0.05). Conclusion: Both olanzapine and quetiapine showed increase in body weight and BMI in psychotic illness patients during the study period. But intergroup comparison revealed no significant difference between the groups.
Tabaquismo y cáncer colorrectal

Background: Latest reports had related smoking habit with an increased incidence of colorectal cancer. Objective: To evaluate smoking habit in patients with colorectal cancer surgery. Design: Retrospective analysis. Material: 169 patients with colorectal cancer operated between May 2004 and May 2007. Exclusion criteria: benign pathology, extracolonic neoplasia, cancer polyp. Methods: Smoking was analyzed as a risk factor of colorectal cancer. Also were evaluated: age, cigarette/day index, diagnosis, cancer location, tumor TNM stage, type of surgery, hospital staying, immediate postoperative morbidity. Results: 51 patients with colorectal cancer with curative resection were treated. (Exclusion: 151). Incidence of smokers was 29%, with 22 cigarettes/day (5-60) and average age was 63 years (41-77), mostly males (53%). In non-smokers average age was 69.2 years (27-90) and 58% were females. Conclusions: Smoking incidence was low in this series. Although and according to literature, patients were younger in smokers, mainly males. No difference in morbidity and tumoral location was found. Tumoral stage trended to be earlier in smoking patients. Further, larger and epidemiologic studies are needed to support this findings.
SUB-ALTITUDE THERMO HYGHROMETRIC COMPARISON IN URBAN AND RURAL AREA IN HIGH-ALTITUDE TROPICAL CLIMATE BY RPA/DRONE

It is known that different types of land use and occupation (urban, industrial, rural, forest) alter the balance of energy between the surface and the atmosphere. The comparison between surface and sub-altitude climatology data in urban and rural areas has still been few studied. In this way, the proposed study aims to analyze and compare the values of temperature and relative humidity of the air near the surface (1.5m high) and at different heights (50m and 190m of the surface) in urban and rural areas in Sao Carlos (SP), during nighttime in winter episodes, by means of termo-hygrometer coupled in a quadricopter (four propellers) Remotely-Piloted Aircraft (RPA/Drone). The flight in the urban area was carried out on 07/13/2018 and in the rural area on 07/26/2018 between 19:30 and 20:30. The results showed that in the urban area at night time the temperature and relative humidity of the air are higher near the surface in relation to the sub-altitude data. In the rural area at night time the air temperature is lower and the relative air humidity is higher to the surface compared to the sub-altitude data.
Effect of mercerization on the physico-chemical properties of matured and seasoned Cocos nucifera fibers for making sustainable composites

This study is mainly focused to exploit the potential of the leftover Cocos nucifera fibers that remains after taking the fruit. These fibers are extracted and are seasoned under sunlight for 120 days before using them for the study. Alkaline treatment on the fibers and its effect on the moisture content, density and chemical composition are studied by conducting characterization techniques. Characterization studies such as Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and Thermo-gravimetric studies are conducted to determine to the micro-structural characterization changes that have taken place as a result of mercerization on the matured and seasoned fibers. It is seen from the FTIR studies that the hydrogen bond energy of the untreated fibers doubled from 3.938 kJ to 7.875 kJ along with corresponding increase in hydrogen bond distance upon mercerization. Removal of amorphous components in fibers guarantee improved adhesion between fibers and matrix during composite fabrication. X-ray diffraction studies and thermogravimetric analysis show 16.75% increase in crystalline index and enhanced thermal stability respectively upon mercerization. Removal of gummy amorphous polysaccharides after mercerization causes reduction in decomposition temperature to a lower temperature of 462 °C from 485 °C. This study thus concludes that matured and seasoned Cocos nucifera fibers can be potentially used as polymeric reinforcements and their properties can be enhanced after mercerization to produce relatively stronger, light weight sustainable composites like automobile interiors, packaging cases and mobile phone covers.
The Intermittency of Wind‐Driven Sand Transport

Wind‐blown sand is the main driver of dune development and dust emission from soils and is thus of fundamental importance for geomorphology, ecology, climate, and air quality. Even though sand transport is driven by nonstationary turbulent winds, and is thus inherently intermittent, current parameterizations in atmospheric models assume stationary wind and continuous transport. We draw on extensive field measurements to show that neglecting saltation intermittency causes biases in the timing and intensity of predicted fluxes. We present a simple parameterization that accounts for saltation intermittency and produces substantially improved agreement against measurements. We investigate the implications of accounting for transport intermittency in atmospheric models by analyzing 35 years of hourly wind speed data from climate simulations. We show that accounting for intermittency leads to significantly different predictions of sand mass fluxes throughout the year, with potential implications for timing and intensity of dust emission.
Bringing Unconventional Greens from Fodder to Fork: A Review

About 600 species constitute the global diversity in vegetable crops but only one fourth is utilized as a major vegetable crop and rest are named as underutilized, underexploited, unconventional, minor, rare vegetables or so on (Pandey et al., 2014). In nature, there are many underexploited greens with promising nutritive value, which can nourish the ever-increasing human population. Many of them are tolerant to adverse climatic conditions. India is blessed with diverse agroclimatic conditions with a vast resource of vegetable greens, many of which are still under-exploited (Kowsalya and Mohandas, 1999). Many traditional and underutilized vegetable crops are an essential source of vitamins and micronutrients and thus a valuable component to attain nutritional International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 10 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
The rise and fall of biodiversity offsetting in the Lodge Hill large-scale housing development, South East England

In this paper, we aim to shed light on the geographies that led both to the selection of Lodge Hill for the construction of a large-scale housing development and to the subsequent attempt to use biodiversity offsetting to compensate for its environmental impacts. We draw on extensive fieldwork from 2012 to 2016, and diverge from previous studies on offsetting by focusing less on issues related to metrics and governance and shifting our analytic attention to the economic and urban geographies surrounding the Lodge Hill case. We argue that this approach can offer not only an empirically grounded account of why offsetting is being selected to address the impacts of specific urban development projects, but also an in-depth understanding of the factors that determine offsetting’s actual implementation on the ground. Viewing the Lodge Hill case through the frame of urbanization allows us to better grasp the how, why and when particular alliances of actors contest and/or support the implementation of biodiversity offsetting. Our analytical lens also helps exposing the fragility of neoliberal natures and the roles inter-capitalist competition and species biology and ecology can play on the success or failure of neoliberal policies.
Identifying and Quantifying the Impacts of Advected North African Dust on the Concentration and Composition of Airborne Fine Particulate Matter in Houston and Galveston, Texas

Every summer, large‐scale dust plumes emerge from the west coast of North Africa, cross the Atlantic, enter the Caribbean Basin, and on occasion pass over the southern United States. We show that such dust events significantly increase the concentration and alter the chemical composition of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in southern Texas. Between 1 August and 13 September 2014, PM2.5 was sampled daily at Clinton Drive, an industrial location in Houston, and at Galveston located on the Gulf of Mexico coast that is not directly/significantly impacted by local and regional pollution sources. Between 17–25 August, average PM2.5 concentrations nearly doubled when a large dust‐laden African air mass moved through the region. Using ground‐based measurements, satellite observations, and modeling tools, we demonstrate that this massive influx of mineral dust greatly reduced the relative abundance of pollutants in Houston where aerosols are otherwise dominated by local and regional emissions. Chemical mass balance modeling estimated that African dust contributed 19–48% of PM2.5 during the 9‐day dust episode. Moreover, African dust was present throughout the measurement period even on days outside the main dust event contributing an estimated ~8% of PM2.5 which suggests that it may be a normal summertime component in this region. These measurements agree closely with inferences of “fine dust” based on a generic soil composition in the IMPROVE (National Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) network. Our detailed protocol supports the conclusion that African dust affects a wide region of the South, Southeast, and East Coast United States.
New records of several rare spider species (Araneae) from south-eastern Poland

The paper presents new data on seven rare spider species in Poland: Anelosimus vittatus, Clubiona corticalis, Nusoncus nasutus, Pocadicnemis carpatica, Pseudicius encarpatus, Pseudomaro aenigmaticus and Talavera thorelli. Their current locations is presented on maps. Moreover, the figures illustrating the main diagnostic features of Clubiona corticalis, Pseudomaro aenigmaticus and Talavera thorelli are included.
Response of rice to different organic and inorganic nutrient sources at Parwanipur, Bara district of Nepal

In order to reach an optimum and sustainable production, growers must know the fertilizing nutrient sources and their application rates. The present study aimed to determine the effect of different organic and inorganic source of fertilizers on growth and performance of rice. A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agriculture Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal during summer season of 2013. Rice variety ‘Hardinath 1’ was used in these experiments. Treatments included a combination of organic and inorganic nutrients at eight rates (control, recommended dose of NPK, ½ NPK+FYM 10 t ha-1, ½ NPK+20 cm crop residue, ½ NPK+Chicken manure 10 t ha-1, ½ NPK+Vermicompost 10 t ha-1, FYM 10 t ha-1 and FYM 20 t ha-1). The experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Treatments produced significant results for plant height, number of tillers per square meter, panicle length and grain yield but thousands grains weight was insignificant. Result showed that application of half of recommended N: P2O5: K2O from the inorganic fertilizer sources along with soil incorporation of 20 cm crop residue produced significantly higher value for plant height, number of tillers per square meter, panicle length and Grain yield. Treatments did not produce significant effect on after harvest soil properties: pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content.