Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel phases and field theoretical methods in quantum gases

We study quantum phases and transitions in ultra-cold quantum gases, beyond the scope of conventional condensed matter systems. The study focuses on three major thrusts. The first thrust is the study of cold ensembles of bosonic or fermionic atoms in the higher orbital bands of optical lattices. Orbital and topological quantum physics is systematically explored for various lattice geometries, to be outlined below. The second is the low dimensional spin-imbalanced fermions in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase. We analyze its thermal instability towards Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transitions driven by different topological defects at finite temperature. The third is the theoretical search for a mechanism to achieve a Bose-Einstein crystal phase for bosons in the ground state. A new class of two-body interactions characterized by strong momentum-dependence is found to give rise to such a quantum state. It is different than but related to the long-debated concept of supersolidity. The first thrust forms the main part of the dissertation. Meta-stable phases of high orbital bosons and fermions have been explored for different lattice geometries such as square and bipartite lattices. Exotic Mott and superfluid phases are studied in both one and two dimensions. Quantum and thermal phase transitions, associated with time reversal symmetry breaking and their experimental signatures are discussed. In particular a quantum ``disordered" superfluid phase, beyond the mean field description, is found in one dimension. The challenging problem of probing time reversal symmetry breaking is solved. Besides, a one-dimensional fermionic optical ladder with coupled s- and p-orbitals is shown to mimic spin-orbit interactions and exhibit topological insulator and topological superconducting phases. Charge fractionalization is shown to be realizable in such an sp-orbital ladder.
Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2′-Fucosyllactose Modulates Local Viral Immune Defense by Supporting the Regulatory Functions of Intestinal Epithelial and Immune Cells

Human milk contains bioactive components that provide protection against viral infections in early life. In particular, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) have key regulatory roles in the prevention of enteric viral infections. Here we established an in vitro model to study the modulation of host responses against enteric viruses mimicked by poly I:C (pIC). The effects of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′FL), abundantly present in human milk, were studied on IEC and/or innate immune cells, and the subsequent functional response of the adaptive immune cells. IEC were pre-incubated with 2′FL and stimulated with naked or Lyovec™-complexed pIC (LV-pIC). Additionally, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) alone or in co-culture with IEC were stimulated with LV-pIC. Then, conditioned-moDC were co-cultured with naïve CD4+ T helper (Th)-cells. IEC stimulation with naked or LV-pIC promoted pro-inflammatory IL-8, CCL20, GROα and CXCL10 cytokine secretion. However, only exposure to LV-pIC additionally induced IFNβ, IFNλ1 and CCL5 secretion. Pre-incubation with 2′FL further increased pIC induced CCL20 secretion and LV-pIC induced CXCL10 secretion. LV-pIC-exposed IEC/moDC and moDC cultures showed increased secretion of IL-8, GROα, IFNλ1 and CXCL10, and in the presence of 2′FL galectin-4 and -9 were increased. The LV-pIC-exposed moDC showed a more pronounced secretion of CCL20, CXCL10 and CCL5. The moDC from IEC/moDC cultures did not drive T-cell development in moDC/T-cell cultures, while moDC directly exposed to LV-pIC secreted Th1 driving IL-12p70 and promoted IFNγ secretion by Th-cells. Hereby, a novel intestinal model was established to study mucosal host-defense upon a viral trigger. IEC may support intestinal homeostasis, regulating local viral defense which may be modulated by 2′FL. These results provide insights regarding the protective capacity of human milk components in early life.
Paleohistological inferences of thermometabolic regimes in Notosuchia (Pseudosuchia: Crocodylomorpha) revisited

Abstract. Notosuchia is a group of mostly terrestrial crocodyliforms. The presence of a prominent crest overhanging the acetabulum, slender straight-shafted long bones with muscular insertions close to the joints, and a stable knee joint suggests that they had an erect posture. This stance has been proposed to be linked to endothermy, because it is present in mammals and birds and contributes to the efficiency of their respiratory systems. However, a bone paleohistological study unexpectedly suggested that Notosuchia were ectothermic organisms. The thermophysiological status of Notosuchia deserves further analysis, because the methodology of the previous study can be improved. First, it was based on a relationship between red blood cell size and bone vascular canal diameter tested using 14 extant tetrapod species. Here we present evidence for this relationship using a more comprehensive sample of extant tetrapods (31 species). Moreover, contrary to previous results, bone cross-sectional area appears to be a significant explanatory variable (in addition to vascular canal diameter). Second, red blood cell size estimations were performed using phylogenetic eigenvector maps, and this method excludes a fraction of the phylogenetic information. This is because it generates a high number of eigenvectors requiring a selection procedure to compile a subset of them to avoid model overfitting. Here we inferred the thermophysiology of Notosuchia using phylogenetic logistic regressions, a method that overcomes this problem by including all of the phylogenetic information and a sample of 46 tetrapods. These analyses suggest that Araripesuchus wegeneri, Armadillosuchus arrudai, Baurusuchus sp. , Iberosuchus macrodon, and Stratiotosuchus maxhechti were ectothermic organisms.
ELT lecturers’ communicative language teaching approach in directing students’ emotions in distance learning

The study investigated whether, and how, Communicative Language Teaching Approaches (CLTA) significantly influenced students’ academic emotions and achievement in self-directed distance learning. The participants were 76 university students in Denpasar. The data were collected through exam results and two questionnaires. Questionnaire A measured students’ learning intentions, self-encouragement, and motivation, while questionnaire B was the DASS 21. Pearson Correlation was used to analyze the effect of CLTA on student learning intention and performance, and their perception of depression, anxiety, and stress. Descriptive analysis was also performed to examine the students’ levels of negative emotions toward their academic experience. The quantitative results showed a significantly positive correlation between lecturers’ content-based instruction (CBI) and learning intention, rob (0.536) rcv (0.226); lecturers’ communicative language teaching (CLT) correlated positively with learning encouragement, rob (0.655) rcv (0.226); and lecturers’ task-based language teaching (TBLT) correlated positively with motivation, rob (0.671) rcv (0.226). This means that the CLTA strategy strongly and positively encouraged students to study and decreased the students' experiences of negative emotions. The study revealed that the more intensively the CLTA is applied, the fewer students feel depressed, and the better the students’ achievement is. The study suggests that CLTA activates affective, cognitive, and conative norms even in online learning environments.
The Effect of Personality Traits And Financial Literation On Financial Behavior

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the influence of personality traits and financial literacy on financial behavior in young entrepreneurs of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Tasikmalaya City. The research method used is quantitative research methods. Data collection obtained through questionnaires, interviews, observation and literature study. The population in this study were 3,599 MSME Entrepreneurs in the City of Tasikmalaya. By using purposive sampling technique, the sample of this research is the beginner entrepreneurs of UMKM Kota Tasikmalaya who have just operated ≤ 5 years, as many as 30 entrepreneurs. The results of the study either partially or simultaneously, personality traits and financial literacy have a significant influence on financial behavior.
Thermally activated charge fluctuations in GaAs double quantum dots

In this thesis, laterally defined GaAs quantum dots and double quantum dots are investigated by means of real-time charge sensing. A quantum dot charge sensor, adjacent to the investigated double dot system, detects single electron tunneling with sensitivities exceeding that of QPC-based charge sensing systems by far. The experimental setup is characterized in detail and optimized with respect to bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio. Software tools required for data analysis are developed in combination with a simulation program, capable of creating artificial real-time data for test and characterization purposes. The experiments described in this work led to the discovery of an intrinsic effect in double quantum dots - thermally activated, meastable charge state switching. A new feature arises in the charge stability diagram of a double quantum dot due to tunneling processes between double dot system and leads. These processes occur in the region between two associated triple points of the charge stability diagram, where originally stable charge configurations are expected. This effect is characterized in detail with respect to coupling to electron reservoirs, as well as inter-dot coupling and temperature dependence. An extension of the orthodox model of double quantum dots is developed, capturing nearly all experimentally observed features. A concrete prediction of this model is the presence of four different charge states that participate in the process of metastable charge state switching. The experimental observation of switching between four different charge configurations is presented and the implications and possible influences of this effect (e.g. loss of coherence) on other experiments are discussed. Furthermore, this work treats the implementation of spin relaxation time measurements on single electrons, similar to previously performed experiments. This work is motivated by the expected anisotropy of spin relaxation with respect to an external magnetic field. In addition, these experiments are motivated by the previously observed effect of spin-dependent tunneling into a empty quantum dot, where tunneling into the excited spin state is suppressed considerably. These experiments involve gate pulsing techniques, which are required to load and unload electrons from a quantum dot on a millisecond timescale. The realization of such pulsing sequences is demonstrated in several experiments. The Zeeman splitting of the quantum dot ground state is resolved over a wide range of magnetic fields, which is an important ingredient for spin relaxation time measurements and allows for extracting the electron g-factor in GaAs, as well as investigating the effect of spin-dependent tunneling. Finally, first spin relaxation time measurements are presented, demonstrating the successful execution of this experiments and paving the way for further experiments to study the anisotropy of spin relaxation in GaAs quantum dots.
Nasal verbalization of the Kanayatn Dayak Language

This research aims to study the feature of nasals in the Kanayatn Dayak language, spoken in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, and whether they are replacive or additive to particular initial phonemes of the root. The data were collected by recording and interviewing five informants of 45-55 years old native speakers of Kanayatn Dayak. Through the descriptive linguistics approach to describe the linguistic features of the nasals, this study revealed that the feature could be both replacive and additive, depending on the initial phoneme of the root word the nasals enter. These replacive and additive nasal verbalization processes function as class-maintaining and class-changing based on the root class to the nasals attached. As a replacive, the nasal verbalization process replaces the first phoneme of the root with nasals /m-/, /n-/, /ŋ-/, and nasal /ɲ-/. As additive verbalization, it is added to first phoneme of the root by employing allomorph /ma-/ and alternant /m-/, allomorph /am-/, allomorph /an-/ and alternant /n-/, and nasal /ŋ-/ and allomorph /ŋa-/. The replacive nasal verbalization makes the first phoneme of root covert. It is replaced with the replacive nasals. Then, the additive verbalization process maintains the first phoneme of the root staying overt. As a result, these additive nasals also create double homorganic-nasal oral consonants at the first phoneme of the verbs. The verbalization process involving additive allomorph only maintains the first phoneme of the root staying overt. In complex word formation, nasal verbalization creates active transitive and intransitive verbs.
Martian Atmospheric Thermal Structure and Dust Distribution During the MY 34 Global Dust Storm From ACS TIRVIM Nadir Observations

The Thermal InfraRed channel in honor of professor Vassili Ivanovich Moroz (TIRVIM) of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite onboard ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter has continuously monitored the Martian atmosphere from 13 March 2018 until 2 December 2019, covering almost a complete Martian Year (MY). In the nadir mode of observations, infrared spectra obtained by TIRVIM in the spectral range 600–1,300 cm−1 permit retrievals of vertical temperature profiles from the surface up to 60 km of altitude, surface temperatures and column aerosol optical depths. Here we report the retrieved atmospheric thermal structure and the column dust content during the global dust storm (GDS) of MY 34 monitored from Ls = 182.2° to Ls = 211.8° (Solar Longitude), capturing the evolution of the GDS and the response of the atmospheric thermal structure to the changing dust loading. The global storm caused asymmetric atmosphere heating, predominantly in the southern hemisphere, and changed diurnal contrast of atmospheric thermal structure. We also observe a reduced diurnal contrast of surface temperatures at the peak of the GDS.
Greater Transplant-free Survival in Patients Receiving Obeticholic Acid for Primary Biliary Cholangitis in a Clinical Trial Setting Compared to Real-World External Controls.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The POISE randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial demonstrated that obeticholic acid (OCA) reduced biomarkers associated with adverse clinical outcomes (ALP, bilirubin, AST, ALT) in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The objective of this study was to evaluate time to first occurrence of liver transplant or death in OCA-treated patients in the POISE trial and open label extension versus comparable non-OCA-treated external controls. METHODS Propensity scores were generated for external control patients meeting POISE eligibility criteria from two registry studies (Global PBC and UK PBC) using an index date randomly selected between the first and last date (inclusive) on which eligibility criteria were met. Cox-proportional hazards models weighted by inverse probability of treatment assessed time to death or liver transplant. Additional analyses (Global PBC only) added hepatic decompensation to the composite endpoint, and assessed efficacy in patients with or without cirrhosis. RESULTS Over the 6-year follow-up, there were 5 deaths/liver transplants in 209 subjects in the POISE cohort (2.4%), 135/1381 patients in the Global PBC control (10.0%), and 281/2135 patients in the UK PBC control (13.2%). The hazard ratios (HR) for the primary outcome were 0.29 (95% CI 0.10, 0.83) for POISE vs Global PBC, and 0.30 (95% CI 0.12, 0.75) for POISE vs UK PBC. In Global PBC: HR=0.20 (95% CI 0.03, 1.22) for patients with cirrhosis, and HR=0.31 (95% CI 0.09, 1.04) without cirrhosis; HR was 0.42 (95% CI 0.21, 0.85) including hepatic decompensation. CONCLUSION Patients treated with OCA in a trial setting had significantly greater transplant-free survival than comparable external control patients.
Urban–Rural Fringe Long-Term Sequence Monitoring Based on a Comparative Study on DMSP-OLS and NPP-VIIRS Nighttime Light Data: A Case Study of Shenyang, China

Urban–rural fringes, as special zones where urban and rural areas meet, are the most sensitive areas in the urbanization process. The quantitative identification of urban–rural fringes is the basis for studying the social structure, landscape pattern, and development gradient of fringes, and is also a prerequisite for quantitative analyses of the ecological effects of urbanization. However, few studies have been conducted to compare the identification accuracy of The US Air Force Defence Meteorological Satellite Program’s (DMSP) and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) nighttime light data from the same year, subsequently enabling long time series monitoring of the urban–rural fringe. Therefore, in this study, taking Shenyang as an example, a K-means algorithm was used to delineate and compare the urban–rural fringe identification results of DMSP and VIIRS nighttime light data for 2013 and analyzed the changes between 2013 and 2020. The results of the study showed a high degree of overlap between the two types of data in 2013, with the overlap accounting for 75% of the VIIRS data identification results. Furthermore, the VIIRS identified more urban and rural details than the DMSP data. The area of the urban–rural fringe in Shenyang increased from 1872 km2 to 2537 km2, with the growth direction mainly concentrated in the southwest. This study helps to promote the study of urban–rural fringe identification from static identification to dynamic tracking, and from spatial identification to temporal identification. The research results can be applied to the comparative analysis of urban–rural differences and the study of the ecological and environmental effects of urbanization.
Algebraic and topological properties of an amalgamated algebra along an ideal

Let $f:A \rightarrow B$ be a ring homomorphism and let $J$ be an ideal of $B$. In this paper, we study the amalgamation of $A$ with $B$ along $J$ with respect to $f$, a construction that provides a general frame for studying the amalgamated duplication of a ring along an ideal, introduced by D'Anna and Fontana in 2007, and other classical constructions (such as the $A+ XB[X]$, the $A+ XB[\! [X]\! ]$ and the $D+M$ constructions). In particular, we completely describe the prime spectrum of the amalgamation and, when it is a local Noetherian ring, we study its embedding dimension and when it turns to be a Cohen-Macaulay ring or a Gorenstein ring.
Extended learning experiences in online classes: an interpretative phenomenological analysis (Experiencias de aprendizaje ampliado en las clases en línea: un análisis fenomenológico interpretativo)

ABSTRACT This study aimed at examining Japanese college students’ extended learning experiences in an emergency online learning environment during the Covid-19 pandemic through adopting an interpretative phenomenological analysis, or IPA. Data from 124 weekly journal entries of 15 purposefully selected students and observation notes of two instructors made during a 10-week term were analysed following the IPA approach. Results revealed that students perceived both advantages and obstacles inherent in online learning. When encountering obstacles, the students experimented with several measures to overcome the obstacles and manage their emotions and so improve learning behaviours. Students experienced different emotional and cognitive states throughout the term. The results obtained suggest that those who see extended and flexible learning opportunities in emergency online learning and have positive psychology tend to pass through the states of anxiousness and frustration rather quickly and develop confidence in online learning at an early stage, whereas others who stay mostly frustrated and do not see advantages of online learning tend not to take advantage of the extended learning opportunities offered by online learning.
Reconstructive approaches to one- and two-electron density matrix theory

i Dedication . iii Acknowledgements . iv List of Tables . xi List of Figures . xiv List of Symbols . xix List of Acronyms . xxi Papers Published . xxiii 1 Density matrices and electronic structure theory 1 1.1 Reduced descriptions of electronic structure . 1 1.2 The representability problem . 10 1.3 Description and outline of the present work . 15 1.4 References . 22 2 Properties of reduced density matrices 30 2.
Volume doubling measures and heat kernel estimates on self-similar sets

This paper studies the following three problems: when does a measure on a self-similar set have the volume doubling property with respect to a given distance? Is there any distance on a self-similar set under which the contraction mappings have the prescribed values of contractions ratios? And when does a heat kernel on a self-similar set associated with a self-similar Dirichlet form satisfy the Li-Yau type sub-Gaussian diagonal estimate? These three problems turn out to be closely related. The author introduces a new class of self-similar set, called rationally ramified self-similar sets containing both the Sierpinski gasket and the (higher dimensional) Sierpinski carpet and gives complete solutions of the above three problems for this class. In particular, the volume doubling property is shown to be equivalent to the upper Li-Yau type sub-Gaussian diagonal estimate of a heat kernel.
Optical nonlinearities near single photon level with a quantum dot coupled to a photonic crystal cavity

Title of Document: OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES NEAR SINGLE PHOTON LEVEL WITH A QUANTUM DOT COUPLED TO A PHOTONIC CRYSTAL CAVITY Deepak Sridharan, Doctor of Philosophy 2011 Directed By: Professor. Edo Waks Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Over the last decade, exponential increase of information bandwidth over the internet and other communication media has increased the total power consumed by the devices associated with information exchange. With ever increasing number of users, and packing of a higher number of devices onto a chip, there is a great need for reduction in not only the power consumption of the devices but also the costs associated with information transfer. Currently, the benchmark in the energy consumption per logic operation is at femtojoule level and is set by the CMOS industry. However, optical devices based on single photon emitters coupled to a microcavity have the potential to reduce the optical power dissipation down to attojoule levels wherein only few 10s of photons are consumed for a logic operation. This work presents our theoretical and experimental efforts towards realization of all optical device based on the enhanced nonlinearities of a single photon emitter in a photonic crystal cavity. We show that a single quantum dot coupled to a photonic crystal cavity can be used to route an incoming optical beam with optical power dissipation of 14 attojoules, corresponding to only 65 photons. This value is well below the operational level for current CMOS devices indicating the potential for chip based optical transistors for reduction in energy consumption. The single photon emitters that we use to create the nonlinearity are the quantum dots, which are semiconductor nanostructures that exhibit a discrete energy spectrum. The interaction of the quantum dot, with light confined inside a photonic crystal cavity, results in strong atom-photon interactions which can be used for ultra-low power all optical switching. The strong interactions between a quantum dot and photonic crystal cavity can be further utilized to realize quantum computation schemes on a chip. I also describe techniques for integrating this transistor into an optical circuit, and discuss methods for post fabrication tuning to make reconfigurable active photonic devices that implement optical data processing at low light levels. OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES NEAR SINGLE PHOTON LEVEL WITH A QUANTUM DOT COUPLED TO A PHOTONIC CRYSTAL CAVITY