Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Propagation Speed of Degenerate Diffusion Equations with Time Delay

We are concerned with a class of degenerate diffusion equations with time delay describing population dynamics with age structure. In our recent study [ Nonlinearity , 33 (2020), 4013–4029], we established the existence and uniqueness of critical traveling wave for the time-delayed degenerate diffusion equations, and obtained the reducing mechanism of time delay on critical wave speed. In this paper, we now are able to show the asymptotic spreading speed and its coincidence with the critical wave speed c ∗ ( m , r ) of sharp wave, and prove that the initial perturbation or the boundary of the compact support of the solution propagates at the critical wave speed c ∗ ( m , r ) for the time-delayed degenerate diffusion equations. Remarkably, different from the existing studies related to spreading speeds, the time delay and the degenerate diffusion lead to some essential difﬁculties in the analysis of the spreading speed, because the time delay makes the critical speed of traveling waves slow down in a more complicated fashion such that the critical speed cannot be determined by the characteristic equation, and the degenerate diffusion causes the loss of regularity for the solutions. By a phase transform technique we construct upper and lower solutions with semi-compact supports and then we determine the asymptotic spreading speed. Furthermore, we propose a brand-new sharp-proﬁle-based difference scheme to handle large variation of degenerate diffusion ( u m ) xx near the sharp edge and carry out some numerical simulations which perfectly conﬁrm our theoretical results.
A multi-instrument fuzzy logic boundary-layer top detection algorithm

Understanding the boundary-layer height and its dynamics is crucial for a wide array of applications spanning various ﬁelds. Accurate identiﬁcation of the boundary-layer top contributes to improved air quality predictions, pollutant transport assessments, and enhanced numerical weather prediction through parameterization and assimilation techniques. Despite its signiﬁcance, deﬁning and observing the boundary-layer top remains challenging. Existing methods of estimating the boundary-layer height encompass radiosonde-based methods, radar-based retrievals, and more. As emerging boundary-layer observation 5 platforms emerge, it is useful to reevaluate the efﬁcacy of existing boundary-layer top detection methods and explore new ones. This study introduces a fuzzy-logic algorithm that leverages the synergy of multiple remote-sensing boundary-layer proﬁling instruments. By harnessing the distinct advantages of each sensing platform, the proposed method enables accurate boundary-layer height estimation both during daytime and nocturnal conditions. The algorithm is benchmarked against radiosonde-derived boundary-layer top estimates obtained from balloon launches across diverse locations in Wisconsin, Oklahoma, and 10 Louisiana during summer and fall. The ﬁndings reveal notable similarities between the results produced by the proposed fuzzy-logic algorithm and traditional radiosonde-based approaches. However, this study delves into the nuanced differences in their behavior, providing insightful analyses about the underlying causes of the observed discrepancies. The fuzzy-logic boundary-layer top detection algorithm, called BLISS-FL, is released publicly fostering collaboration and advancement within the research community.
Social Image Concerns and Pro-Social Behavior

Using longitudinal data on the entire population of blood donors in an Italian town, we examine how donors respond to an award scheme which rewards them with “medals” when they reach certain donation quotas. Our results indicate that donors significantly increase the frequency of their donations immediately before reaching the thresholds for which the rewards are given, but only if the prizes are publicly announced in the local newspaper and awarded in a public ceremony. The results are robust to several specifications, sample definitions, and controls for observable and unobservable heterogeneity. Our findings are consistent with social image concerns being a primary motivator of pro-social behavior, and indicate that symbolic prizes are most effective as motivators when they are awarded publicly. Because we do not detect a reduction in donation frequency after the quotas are reached, this incentive based on social prestige leads to a net increase in the frequency of donations.
Spatially coordinated conservation auctions: A framed field experiment focusing on farmland wildlife conservation in China

How best to incentivize land managers to achieve conservation goals in an economically and ecologically effective manner is a key policy question that has gained increased relevance from the setting of ambitious new global targets for biodiversity conservation. Conservation (reverse) auctions are a policy tool for improving the environmental performance of agriculture, which has become well‐established in the academic literature and in policy making in the US and Australia. However, little is known about the likely response of farmers to incentives within such an auction to (1) increase spatial connectivity and (2) encourage collective participation. This paper presents the first framed field experiment with farmers as participants that examines the effects of two features of conservation policy design: joint (collective) participation by farmers and the incentivization of spatial connectivity. The experiment employs farmers in China, a country making increasing use of payments for ecosystem services to achieve a range of environmental objectives. We investigate whether auction performance—both economic and ecological—can be improved by the introduction of agglomeration bonus and joint bidding bonus mechanisms. Our empirical results suggest that, compared to a baseline spatially coordinated conservation auction, the performance of an auction with an agglomeration bonus, a joint bidding bonus, or both, is inferior on two key metrics—the environmental benefits generated and cost effectiveness realized.
Relationships Among Employees’ Job Attitudes of Perceived Supervisory Support, Job Involvement, and Organisational Commitment

: Organisational commitment has been shown to influence various work outcomes like job performance and turnover intention. Thus, understanding its antecedents has been an essential preoccupation of many researchers. However, research linking organisational commitment to the other job attitude variables has been scant, especially in frontier markets like Tanzania. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among job attitudes of perceived supervisory support, job involvement and organisational commitment of employees in Tanzania. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 190 employees. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used to establish the relationships while the Hayes’ Process Tool was used to test for the mediation effect. The results indicated that both job involvement and perceived supervisory support significantly positively affect organisational commitment and that perceived supervisory support was the most influential predictor. Job involvement significantly but partially mediated the relationship between perceived supervisory support and organisational commitment. The findings call for organisational managers to design and implement measures aimed at enhancing supervisors’ supervising and supporting capacity in order to build the committed workforce required for the attainment of the organisation’s vision and mission.
An overview of the 29 May 2012 Kingfisher supercell during DC3

On 29–30 May 2012, the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry experiment observed a supercell thunderstorm on the southern end of a broken line of severe storms in Oklahoma. This study focuses on an approximately 70 min period during which three mobile Doppler radars operated and a balloon‐borne electric field meter, radiosonde, and particle imager flew through the storm. An overview of the relationships among flash rates, very high frequency (VHF) source densities, and Doppler‐radar‐derived storm parameters is presented. Furthermore, the evolution of the flash distribution relative to the midlevel storm's kinematics and microphysics is examined at two times during a period of rapid storm intensification. The timing of increases in VHF counts in the 8–10 km above ground level (agl) layer, which contained the largest VHF source counts, is similar to the timing of increases in updraft mass flux, in updraft volume, and in graupel volume at approximately 5–9 km agl. Although some increases in VHF source counts had little or no corresponding increase in one or more of the other storm parameters, at least one other parameter had an increase near the time of every VHF increase, a pattern which suggests a common dependence on updraft pulses, as expected from the noninductive graupel‐ice electrification mechanism. A classic bounded weak lightning region was observed initially during storm intensification, but late in the period it appeared to be due to a wake in the flow around the updraft, rather than due to a precipitation cascade around the updraft core as is usually observed.
7 CHAP T ER Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Dengue Virus Infection in Primary Human Macrophages; Balancing Higher Fusion against Antiviral Responses

The dogma is that the human immune system protects us against pathogens. Yet, several viruses, like dengue virus, antagonize the hosts’ antibodies to enhance their viral load and disease severity; a phenomenon called antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. This study offers novel insights in the molecular mechanism of antibody-mediated enhancement (ADE) of dengue virus infection in primary human macrophages. No differences were observed in the number of bound and internalized DENV particles following infection in the absence and presence of enhancing concentrations of antibodies. Yet, we did find an increase in membrane fusion activity during ADE of DENV infection. The higher fusion activity is coupled to a low antiviral response early in infection and subsequently higher infection efficiency. Apparently, subtle enhancements early in the viral life cycle cascades into strong effects on infection, virus production and immune response. Importantly, and in contrast to other studies, the antibody-opsonized virus particles do not trigger immune suppression and remain sensitive to interferon. Additionally, this study gives insight in how human macrophages interact and respond to viral infections and the tight regulation thereof under various conditions of infection.
The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context

Objectives: Dating violence is a widespread social problem with increasing prevalence among adolescents. The perceived severity of dating violence is an important factor related to key aspects of this type of violence, such as acceptability, justification, attitudes toward intervention, and victims’ willingness to seek help. The aim of this study was to validate an instrument to assess the perceived severity of dating violence in a sample of adolescents: the Perceived Severity of Adolescent Dating Violence (PS-ADV) scale. Method: Two groups of high school students, one with 621 adolescents (47.2% females) and another with 300 (50% females), aged 13-18 years were selected by a two-stage stratified sampling procedure. Results: The results indicated that the PS-ADV scale has excellent internal consistency ( α = .89) and a clear one-factor latent structure (CFI = .96, TLI = .94, RMSEA [90% CI] = .074 [.062, .087]). For validity, the PS-ADV scores were related negatively to victim-blaming attitudes and ambivalent sexism (hostile and benevolent sexism), and positively to empathy (empathic concern, perspective taking, fantasy). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the PS-ADV scale is a psychometrically sound measure for assessing the perceived severity of dating violence among adolescents.
Title Risk of Clinically Relevant Pharmacokinetic-based Drug-drug Interactions with Drugs Approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Between 2013 and 2016

A total of 103 drugs (including 14 combination drugs) were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration from 2013 to 2016. Pharmacokinetic-based drug interaction profiles were analyzed using the University of Washington Drug Interaction Database and the clinical relevance of these observations was characterized based on information from New Drug Application reviews. CYP3A was involved in approximately 2/3 of all drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Transporters (alone or with enzymes) participated in about half of all interactions, but most of these were weak-to-moderate interactions. When considered as victims, eight new molecular entities (NMEs; cobimetinib, ibrutinib, isavuconazole, ivabradine, naloxegol, paritaprevir, simeprevir, and venetoclax) were identified as sensitive substrates of CYP3A, two NMEs (pirfenidone and tasimelteon) were sensitive substrates of CYP1A2, one NME (dasabuvir) was a sensitive substrate of CYP2C8, one NME (eliglustat) was a sensitive substrate of CYP2D6, and one NME (grazoprevir) was a sensitive substrate of OATP1B1/3 (with changes in exposure greater than 5-fold when co-administered with a strong inhibitor). Approximately 75% of identified CYP3A substrates were also substrates of P-gp. As perpetrators, most clinical DDIs involved weak-to-moderate inhibition or induction. Only idelalisib showed strong inhibition of CYP3A, and lumacaftor behaved as a strong CYP3A inducer. Among drugs with large changes in exposure (≥ 5-fold), whether as victim or perpetrator, the most represented therapeutic classes were antivirals and oncology drugs, suggesting a significant risk of clinical DDIs in these patient populations.
Being Treated With Respect and Dignity? d Perceptions of Home Care Service Among Persons With Dementia

Objective: Studies on the quality of home care services (HCS) offered to persons with dementia (PwDs) reveal the prevalence of unmet needs and dissatisfaction related to encounters and a lack of relationships with staff. The objective of this study was to enhance knowledge of the perceptions of PwDs regarding their treatment with dignity and respect in HCS over time. Design: A mixed longitudinal cohort study was designed to study trends in the period between 2016 and 2018 and compare the results between PwDs (cases) and persons without dementia (controls) living at home with HCS. Setting and Participants: Persons aged 65 years and older with HCS in Sweden. Methods: Data from an existing yearly HCS survey by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (NBHW) was used. The focus was on questions concerning dignity and respect. NBHW data sets on diagnoses, medications, HCS hours, and demographic information were also used. We applied GEE logistic and cumulative logit regression models to estimate effects and trends of interest after controlling for the effects of age, gender, self-rated health, and number of HCS hours. Results: Over the study period, 271,915 (PwDs ¼ 8.1%) respondents completed the survey. The results showed that PwDs were signi ﬁ cantly
Model Fusion through Bayesian Optimization in Language Model Fine-Tuning

Fine-tuning a pretrained model for downstream tasks is a widely-adopted technique, which is known for its adaptability and reliability across various domains. Despite its conceptual simplicity, fine-tuning entails several engineering choices such as the selection of hyperparameters and the determination of checkpoints from an optimization trajectory. To tackle the difficulty of choosing the best model among multiple ones obtained from those choices, one of the effective solutions is model fusion, which combines multiple models on a parameter space. On the other hand, we observe a large discrepancy between loss and actual metric values where a loss is often used to pick out models to fuse. While the loss is generally differentiable and thus easier to optimize, the consideration of metrics is often a preferable goal to improve model performance. In response, we present a novel model fusion technique, optimizing a desired metric as well as a loss using Bayesian Optimization ( BO ). Moreover, combining the multi-objective BO into model fusion, we devise a bilevel framework, composed of BO models for hyperparameter optimization and model fusion. Experiments across various downstream tasks validate decent performance improvements achieved using our BO -based model fusion method.
Socio-economic status and constraints faced by indigenous cattle owners under field conditions in western Maharashtra

The data for present investigation "Socio-economic Status and Constraints Faced by Indigenous Cattle Owner Under Field Conditions in Western Maharashtra" was collected from the different cattle owners from the Kolhapur, Sangli, Satara, Pune and Solapur district of Maharashtra who was rearing indigenous cattle mainly Sahiwal, Gir, Tharparkar, Red Sindhi and Rathi breeds which are mainly famous as milch purpose breeds during the year 2021-22. The 30 cattle owners from each district i.e., total 150 cattle owners were selected randomly. The study observed that majority of 52.00 percent cattle owners had medium size family, 30.67 percent were had large size family, 58.00 percent cattle owners belonged from the middle age group. Among all the cattle owners, 32.00 percent had higher secondary education. About 32 percent cattle owners had small farmers they had 1.1 to 2 ha. of land holding. Annual income of cattle owners was low, medium and high 18.67 percent, 52.67 percent and 28.66 percent respectively. Majority of the cattle owners had Gir cattle (944) followed by Sahiwal cattle (667) in their herd. Majority of the cattle owners had 11-20 cattle. Social participation of cattle owners was highest i.e. 78.00 percent in Dairy co-operative and lowest i.e. 48.00 percent in Gram Panchayat. Majority of cattle owner’s main occupation was Dairy + Agriculture i.e. of 44.00 percent. About 32.00 percent cattle owners had more than 11-15 years of experience in dairying. Majority (94.00%) of cattle owners faced problem of lack of knowledge of processing of milk and other products from cow dung and urine. About 84.67 percent cattle owners had lack of knowledge of scientific management practices of cattle and faced non availability of technical person problem. The 72.67 percent fetch low market prices, 65.33 percent cattle owners faced problem of high cost of improved seed of fodder. The 64.67 percent cattle owners faced difficulties in transportation. About 64.00 percent cattle owners faced reproduction problem in their cattle. About 52.00 percent, 48.67 percent and 44.67 percent cattle owners faced problem of non-availability of grazing land, non-availability of land for loose housing and lack of knowledge of processing and preservation of fodder, respectively.
Palaeontologia Electronica

Trilobite moult assemblages preserved in the fossil record show high variability in moulting behaviour and their resulting moult configurations. The reasons for this variability, and the impacts it might have had on trilobite evolutionary trajectories, are unknown and have rarely been investigated quantitatively. A large dataset of trilobite moult traditional morphometric measurements is presented and statistically analysed for associations between moulting behaviour and morphometry. Results indicate little significant statistical association between the two; only between moulting behaviour (usually generalised moult configuration) and the variances and means of thoracic tergite number, thoracic length, and pygidial width. Anterior cranidial width, cranidial length, cephalothoracic joint width, thoracic width, pygidial length, and total body length all have non-significant associations with moulting behaviour. Moult specimens showing inversion of the librigenae generally have more thoracic tergites, a correspondingly longer thorax, and a narrower pygidium. Thoracic tergite count and pygidium measurements may have multimodal distributions. Principal Components Analyses and Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling analyses suggest that moulting behaviour groups show minor differences in the extent of their morphometric variation, but little difference in the region of morphospace they occupy. This may indicate that trilobite species using Salter’s mode of moulting had more constrained morphologies, potentially related to facial suture fusion in some groups. Overall, these results do not suggest a strong association between moulting behaviour variation and morphometry in trilobites, leaving open for further study the mystery of why trilobites were so variable in their moulting, and whether this contributed to their long evolutionary reign or ultimate extinction.
RUBBER HAND ILLUSION AND AFFECTIVE TOUCH: A Systematic Review

The feeling of owning a body part is often investigated by conducting and manipulating the rubber hand illusion, a three-way integration of vision, touch, and proprioception. In the last decade, more research on the role of interoception, the sense of the body's’ internal state, in the illusion has been made. One of the studied factors has been the affective touch, a caress-like, gentle, touch that is performed at a slow specific speed (1-10 cm/sec). Affective touch activates the C tactile afferents which send interoceptive signals to the brain, specifically the insula. The present systematic review investigated the role affective touch has on the strength of the rubber hand illusion. A range of electronic databases was searched for papers reporting research findings published in English before March 20, 2020. Twelve different articles were identified, but only five papers met the inclusion criteria. This thesis looked at the results from these five different studies and compared the effect of affective touch and discriminative, regular, touch have on the rubber hand illusion to see whether there is a significant difference. The results could not show a main effect of stroking velocity, site of stimulation, or social touch, which are components of affective touch. The results was based on four different measurements, the subjective experience of the illusion, pleasantness ratings, proprioceptive drift, and temperature difference in the skin. Opposed what was hypothesized, it could not be demonstrated that affective touch would induce a stronger rubber hand illusion than discriminative touch.
Antagonistic potential of Trichoderma spp. evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions against Alternaria spp. responsible for early blight of tomato in Algeria

Mohammedi, A. , Trachi, S. , Ayad, D. , Messgo-Moumene, S. , Boureghda, H. & Bouznad, Z. (2022). Antagonistic potential of Trichoderma spp. evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions against Alternaria spp. responsible for early blight of tomato in Algeria. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 28 (4) , 626–635 In recent years, many studies have shown that Alternaria early blight bio control became an alternative strategy to protect a wide range of economically important crops. Among the most damaging diseases of tomato in Algeria, three species have been identified as: Alternaria solani , A. linariae and A. grandi and considered among major constraint. As a control approach, this research was carried out to assess antagonistic activity of Trichoderma atroviride and T. asperellum against these three species of Alternaria genus and realised in vitro, in vivo , and greenhouse conditions. In vitro results showed that the mycelial growth of Alternaria spp. was reduced by both Trichoderma species. Under in vivo conditions, early blight symptoms were reduced to 65.9% in pre-treated plants. Results of two years of greenhouse experiments indicate that T. atroviride reduced disease severity by 64.6% and 59.7% in 2017-2018 and improved productivity by 44.2% and 44.6%. This study showed that the antagonistic activity of the two Trichoderma species has a bio-stimulant effect to protect tomato plants by enhancing its defence system and productivity.