Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
All-Optically Controlled Topological Current Switcher Based on Silicene-Like Nanoribbons

Low-dimensional topological insulator materials, such as silicene-like 2-D materials, have wide applications in electronic, spintronic, and optoelectronic nanodevice, by utilizing their topologically protected edge states. In theoretical studies, Floquet theorem is usually employed in the nanosystems under light irradiation with high-frequency approximation, which may not be accessible in experimental research. In this work, we study the quasienergy spectra and edge-state transport of silicene-like nanoribbons under low-frequency light irradiation (in visible wavelengths), by extracting the zero-photon component from the nonperturbative Floquet bands. These silicene-like nanoribbons undergo topological phase transition from quantum spin Hall (QSH) to quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator under circularly polarized light, accompanied by helical edge modes to chiral ones. The propagation direction of edge-mode current in QAH nanoribbons can be switched by left-/right-circularly polarized (LCP/RCP) light, and such a current-switching effect is then confirmed in heterojunction composed of QSH and QAH nanoribbons. Based on the all-optically controlled current-switching effect, we design a three-terminal current switcher, with one input terminal, two output ones, and central device irradiated by LCP/RCP light. Conductance and real-space local current distribution of the proposed nanosystem reveal that the input current can indeed be switched into specific output terminal by LCP/RCP light. The proposed current switcher changes the electron movement very quickly, and we believe that it would have potential applications in high-speed photoelectric nanodevices.
Ranks of elliptic curves over Z_p^2-extensions

Let $E$ be an elliptic curve with good reduction at a fixed odd prime $p$ and $K$ an imaginary quadratic field where $p$ splits. We give a growth estimate for the Mordell-Weil rank of $E$ over finite extensions inside the $\mathbb{Z}_p^2$-extension of $K$.
Cyclic Stochastic Optimization: Generalizations, Convergence, and Applications in Multi-Agent Systems

Stochastic approximation (SA) is a powerful class of iterative algorithms for nonlinear root-finding that can be used for minimizing a loss function, L(θ), with respect to a parameter vector θ, when only noisy observations of L(θ) or its gradient are available (through the natural connection between root-finding and minimization); SA algorithms can be thought of as stochastic line search methods where the entire parameter vector is updated at each iteration. The cyclic approach to SA is a variant of SA procedures where θ is divided into multiple subvectors that are updated one at a time in a cyclic manner. This dissertation focuses on studying the asymptotic properties of cyclic SA and of the generalized cyclic SA (GCSA) algorithm, a variant of cyclic SA where the subvector to update may be selected according to a random variable or according to a predetermined pattern, and where the noisy update direction can be based on the updates of any SA algorithm (e.g., stochastic gradient, Kiefer–Wolfowitz, or simultaneous perturbation SA). The convergence of GCSA, asymptotic normality of GCSA (related to rate of convergence), and efii
Temperature-reflection II: Modular Invariance and T-reflection

In this paper, we present robust evidence that general finite temperature quantum field theory (QFT) path integrals are invariant under reflecting temperatures to negative values (T-reflection), up to a possible anomaly phase. Our main focus is on two-dimensional conformal field theories (2d CFTs) on the two-torus. Modular invariance for 2d CFT path integrals follows from demanding invariance under redundant encodings of the two-torus shape in the path integral. We emphasize that identical logic implies 2d CFTs are invariant under T-reflection, up to phases. We compute T-reflection anomaly phases for certain 2d CFT path integrals via a continuation, and via an extension of modular forms from the upper half-plane to the double half-plane. Crucially, they perfectly agree. Requiring QFT path integrals to be invariant under redundant encodings of the spacetime geometry implies (i) that 2d CFTs are both modular and T-reflection invariant and (ii) that general QFT path integrals are invariant under T-reflection. This quite board argument suggests T-reflection phases may indicate previously unnoticed anomalies and consistency conditions for general QFT.
Hypergeometric function and modular curvature

We first show that hypergeometric functions appear naturally as spectral functions when applying pseudo-differential calculus to decipher heat kernel asymptotic in the situation where the symbol algebra is noncommutative. Such observation leads to a unified (works for arbitrary dimension) method of computing the modular curvature on toric noncommutative manifolds. We show that the spectral functions that define the quantum part of the curvature have closed forms in terms of hypergeometric functions. As a consequence, we are able to obtained explicit expressions (as functions in the dimension parameter) for those spectral functions without using symbolic integration. A surprising geometric consequence is that the functional relations coming from the variation of the associated Einstein-Hilbert action still hold when the dimension parameter takes real values.
Radiomics Modeling of Catastrophic Proximal Sesamoid Bone Fractures in Thoroughbred Racehorses Using μCT

Simple Summary Mitigating the risk of catastrophic injuries in the horse racing industry remains a challenge. Non-invasive methods such as CT imaging in combination with machine learning could be used to screen horses at risk of injury, but there remain questions on the feasibility of such an approach. In this work, we investigated whether machine learning models could be developed from in vitro harvested μCT images of intact proximal sesamoid bones to predict whether the bone was from a horse that suffered a catastrophic injury or from a control group. The average accuracy in differentiating whether a sesamoid bone came from a case or control horse using our approach was 0.754. Our work suggests it may be possible to develop similar models using CT images of horses in the clinical setting. Abstract Proximal sesamoid bone (PSB) fractures are the most common musculoskeletal injury in race-horses. X-ray CT imaging can detect expressed radiological features in horses that experienced catastrophic fractures. Our objective was to assess whether expressed radiomic features in the PSBs of 50 horses can be used to develop machine learning models for predicting PSB fractures. The μCTs of intact contralateral PSBs from 50 horses, 30 of which suffered catastrophic fractures, and 20 controls were studied. From the 129 intact μCT images of PSBs, 102 radiomic features were computed using a variety of voxel resampling dimensions. Decision Trees and Wrapper methods were used to identify the 20 top expressed features, and six machine learning algorithms were developed to model the risk of fracture. The accuracy of all machine learning models ranged from 0.643 to 0.903 with an average of 0.754. On average, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest (RUS Boost), and Log-regression models had higher performance than K-means Nearest Neighbor, Neural Network, and Random Forest (Bagged Trees) models. Model accuracy peaked at 0.5 mm and decreased substantially when the resampling resolution was greater than or equal to 1 mm. We find that, for this in vitro dataset, it is possible to differentiate between unfractured PSBs from case and control horses using μCT images. It may be possible to extend these findings to the assessment of fracture risk in standing horses.
Robust Wafer Classification With Imperfectly Labeled Data Based on Self-Boosting Co-Teaching

Wafer classification is a critical task for semiconductor manufacturing. Most conventional algorithms require a large-scale perfectly labeled dataset to train accurate classifiers. In practice, it is usually difficult or even impossible to collect perfect labels without errors, and the classification accuracy in the presence of imperfectly labeled data would degrade. To facilitate robust wafer classification with noisy labels, we propose a novel self-boosting co-teaching (SB-CT) approach. Specifically, we iteratively correct the wrong labels by using the predictions of two classifiers that are jointly trained with noisily labeled data. To make the proposed method of practical utility, we develop a novel method to accurately estimate the noise rate, and adopt a probability scaling technique to further improve the classification accuracy. As demonstrated by the experimental results based on two industrial datasets, the proposed SB-CT approach achieves superior accuracy over other conventional methods.
Spectral analysis of Morse-Smale flows, II: Resonances and resonant states

abstract:The goal of the present work is to compute explicitly the correlation spectrum of a Morse-Smale flow in terms of the Lyapunov exponents of the Morse-Smale flow, the topology of the flow around periodic orbits and the monodromy of some given flat connection. The corresponding eigenvalues exhibit vertical bands when the flow has periodic orbits. As a corollary, we obtain sharp Weyl asymptotics for the dynamical resonances.
Evaluation of Histopathological Diagnosis and Determination of Grades and Stages in Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent neoplasm in women. According to American Cancer Society in 2019, an estimated 268,600 new cases of invasive breast cancer was diagnosed among women in USA. In Bangladesh, breast cancer has rapidly become the number one cancer in female pushing cervical cancer to second position. Objective: To evaluate histopathological diagnosis and determination of grades and stages in breast cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive type of study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Rajshahi Medical College. Forty-five untreated cases of breast cancer were included in this study between the period of July 2019 to June 2021 and paraffin embedded sections were obtained from representative mastectomy specimen. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain followed by evaluation of angiogenesis by using CD34 antibody. Results: According to histopathological grade 51.1% belonged to grade III followed by 28.9% grade II and 20% grade I. Histological stage showed most of the cases was stage II (48.9 %) followed by stage I (26.7 %) then stage III (24.4 %). Upon statistical analysis, a significant relation was obtained between MVD with increasing histologic grades and stages. Conclusion: In conclusion we can say that histological stage showed most of the cases was stage II followed by stage I then stage III.
RELATIVE COMPLETE REDUCIBILITY AND NORMALIZED SUBGROUPS

We study a relative variant of Serre’s notion of $G$-complete reducibility for a reductive algebraic group $G$. We let $K$ be a reductive subgroup of $G$, and consider subgroups of $G$ that normalize the identity component $K^{\circ }$. We show that such a subgroup is relatively $G$-completely reducible with respect to $K$ if and only if its image in the automorphism group of $K^{\circ }$ is completely reducible. This allows us to generalize a number of fundamental results from the absolute to the relative setting. We also derive analogous results for Lie subalgebras of the Lie algebra of $G$, as well as ‘rational’ versions over nonalgebraically closed fields.
HERIC-Based Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter for Leakage Current Suppression in PV Systems

Leakage current can flow through the transformerless photovoltaic (PV) systems because of no galvanic isolation. This undesirable current results in more losses, electromagnetic interferences, and total harmonic distortion. This article presents a hardware-based method to suppress the leakage current in transformerless cascaded H-bridge (CHB) based PV systems. The proposed scheme uses high-efficient and reliable inverter concept in CHB converters for the first time. Using this idea and proper utilization of ac-side filters leads to leakage current suppression in individual cells and, thus, the whole system. In contrast to the most existing solutions, the proposed technique can be easily extended to CHB inverters with an arbitrary number of voltage levels. Moreover, this solution is applicable in the system's conditions with unequal parasitic capacitances and unequal dc-link voltages of H-bridge cells. The validity of the proposed solution is verified by several simulations in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment. Then, the experimental results on a five-level CHB inverter are presented to confirm the theoretical and simulation results.
Positive Dehn Twist Expressions for some New Involutions in the Mapping Class Group II

The well-known fact that any genus g symplectic Lefschetz fibra- tion X 4 ! S 2 is given by a word that is equal to the identity element in the mapping class group and each of whose elements is given by a positive Dehn twist, provides an intimate relationship between words in the mapping class group and 4-manifolds that are realized as symplectic Lefschetz fibra- tions. In this article we provide new words in the mapping class group, hence new symplectic Lefschetz fibrations. We also compute the signatures of those symplectic Lefschetz fibrations.
Convergence of positive operator semigroups

We present new conditions for semigroups of positive operators to converge strongly as time tends to infinity. Our proofs are based on a novel approach combining the well-known splitting theorem by Jacobs, de Leeuw and Glicksberg with a purely algebraic result about positive group representations. Thus we obtain convergence theorems not only for one-parameter semigroups but for a much larger class of semigroup representations. Our results allow for a unified treatment of various theorems from the literature that, under technical assumptions, a bounded positive $C_0$-semigroup containing or dominating a kernel operator converges strongly as $t \to \infty$. We gain new insights into the structure theoretical background of those theorems and generalise them in several respects; especially we drop any kind of continuity or regularity assumption with respect to the time parameter.
Propri\'et\'es de maximalit\'e concernant une repr\'esentation d\'efinie par Lusztig

Let $\lambda$ be a symplectic partition, denote Jord^{bp}($\lambda$) the set of even positive integers i which appear in $\lambda$, and let a map $\epsilon:Jord^{bp}(\lambda) \to {\pm 1}$. The generalized Springer's correspondence associates to $(\lambda,\epsilon)$ an irreducible representation $\rho(\lambda,\epsilon)$ of some Weyl group. We can also define a representation $\underline{\rho}(\lambda,\epsilon)$ of the same Weyl group, in general reducible. Roughly speaking, $\rho(\lambda,\epsilon)$ is the representation of the Weyl group in the top cohomology group of some variety and $\underline{\rho}$ is the representation in the sum of all the cohomology groups of the same variety. The representation $\underline{\rho}$ decomposes as a direct sum of $\rho(\lambda',\epsilon')$ with some multiplicities, where $(\lambda',\epsilon')$ describes the pairs similar to $(\lambda,\epsilon)$. It is well know that $(\lambda,\epsilon)$ appears in this decomposition with multiplicity one and is minimal in this decomposition. That is, if $(\lambda',\epsilon')$ appears, we have $\lambda'>\lambda$ or $(\lambda',\epsilon')=(\lambda,\epsilon)$. Assuming that $\lambda$ has only even parts, we prove that there exists also a maximal pair $(\lambda^{max},\epsilon^{max})$. That is $4(\lambda^{max},\epsilon^{max})$ appears with positive multiplicity (in fact one) and, if $(\lambda',\epsilon')$ appears, we have $\lambda^{max}>\lambda'$ or $(\lambda',\epsilon')=(\lambda^{max},\epsilon^{max})$.
Grossberg-Karshon twisted cubes and hesitant walk avoidance

Let $G$ be a complex semisimple simply connected linear algebraic group. Let $\lambda$ be a dominant weight for $G$ and $\mathcal{I} = (i_1, i_2, \ldots, i_n)$ a word decomposition for an element $w = s_{i_1} s_{i_2} \cdots s_{i_n}$ of the Weyl group of $G$, where the $s_i$ are the simple reflections. In the 1990s, Grossberg and Karshon introduced a virtual lattice polytope associated to $\lambda$ and $\mathcal{I}$, which they called a twisted cube, whose lattice points encode (counted with sign according to a density function) characters of representations of $G$. In recent work, the first author and Jihyeon Yang prove that the Grossberg-Karshon twisted cube is untwisted (so the support of the density function is a closed convex polytope) precisely when a certain torus-invariant divisor on a toric variety, constructed from the data of $\lambda$ and $\mathcal{I}$, is basepoint-free. This corresponds to the situation in which the Grossberg-Karshon character formula is a true combinatorial formula in the sense that there are no terms appearing with a minus sign. In this note, we translate this toric-geometric condition to the combinatorics of $\mathcal{I}$ and $\lambda$. More precisely, we introduce the notion of hesitant $\lambda$-walks and then prove that the associated Grossberg-Karshon twisted cube is untwisted precisely when $\mathcal{I}$ is hesitant-$\lambda$-walk-avoiding.
U-shaped impacts of institutional quality and ICT penetration on economic growth: Evidence from selected emerging countries

Abstract This research aims to consider determinants of economic growth, such as financial development, institutional quality, and information and communication technology (ICT) penetration, which have been explored separately in previous studies and have produced mixed findings in different regions. Using the two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator for a dynamic panel dataset of 35 selected emerging countries, several research findings could be drawn as the following. First, both ICT penetration and institutional quality have significantly positive effects on economic growth. On the contrary, economic development could be hampered by financial development. Second, there are the U-shape and inverted U-shape relations for the cases of institutional quality and ICT penetration on economic growth, respectively. Third, the interaction effect of ICT penetration and financial development could enhance economic growth while the negative impact of financial development on economic development is amplified by the high level of institutional quality. These findings are robust to the global financial crisis control and the use of an alternative ICT proxy when setting up the approach of principal component analysis. Given these findings from emerging countries, some policy challenges that policy-makers should address by simultaneously considering each growth driver, such as financial development, ICT evolution, and institutional quality and interactions between them, as well as the non-monotonic effect of ICT penetration and institutional quality to facilitate economic growth.
Bone Metastases of Diverse Primary Origin Frequently Express the VDR (Vitamin D Receptor) and CYP24A1

Active vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) is known to exert direct anti-cancer actions on various malignant tissues through binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR). These effects have been demonstrated in breast, prostate, renal and thyroid cancers, which all have a high propensity to metastasise to bone. In addition, there is evidence that vitamin D catabolism via 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) is altered in tumour cells, thus, reducing local active vitamin D levels in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to assess VDR and CYP24A1 expression in various types of bone metastases by using immunohistochemistry. Overall, a high total VDR protein expression was detected in 59% of cases (39/66). There was a non-significant trend of high-grade tumours towards the low nuclear VDR expression (p = 0.07). Notably, patients with further distant metastases had a reduced nuclear VDR expression (p = 0.03). Furthermore, a high CYP24A1 expression was detected in 59% (39/66) of bone metastases. There was a significant positive correlation between nuclear VDR and CYP24A1 expression (p = 0.001). Collectively, the VDR and CYP24A1 were widely expressed in a multitude of bone metastases, pointing to a potential role of vitamin D signalling in cancer progression. This is of high clinical relevance, as vitamin D deficiency is frequent in patients with bone metastases.
Characteristics of Newborns Treated for Acute Omphalitis at the University Hospital of Split 2015 – 2019

Objectives − The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical and laboratory data in neonates treated for acute omphalitis at the time of admission at the University Hospital of Split. Patients and Methods − All neonates treated for acute omphalitis from January 1st 2015 to December 31st 2019 were included in this study. Results − There were 97 neonates included, of whom 58 (59.79%) were males. The median age at admission was 7 days. The most common clinical sign was periumbilical redness in 70 (72.16%), followed by umbilical discharge in 49 (50.52%) neonates. In 62 (63.92%) neonates bacteria were isolated from the umbilical stump swab. The most common microorganism isolated was methicilin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in 21 (33.87%) neonates followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae in 15 (24.19%), and Escherichia coli in 14 (22.58%) cases. Antibiotics were given to all neonates. In all neonates treatment and clinical course were uneventful, without mortality. Conclusion − Neonatal omphalitis was not a frequent cause of hospitalization in the entire group of hospitalized patients at the Department of Pediatrics of the University Hospital of Split (0.75%). Acute omphalitis had a mild clinical course and redness of the periumbilical area, together with the presence of umbilical cord discharge, predominated in the clinical presentation. It is necessary to educate the population and medical staff continuously on the importance of maintaining newborn hygiene and proper umbilical cord care.
Exercise, Mediterranean Diet Adherence or Both during Pregnancy to Prevent Postpartum Depression—GESTAFIT Trial Secondary Analyses

Targeting lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy is crucial to prevent the highly prevalent postpartum depression and its consequences. In these secondary analyses of an intervention trial to investigate the effects of concurrent exercise training on postpartum depression, we aimed to investigate the potential role of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence on the exercise effects. A total of 85 pregnant women met the per-protocol criteria (exercise n = 46, control n = 39). The exercise program was delivered in 60 min sessions, 3 days/week, from the 17th gestational week until birth. Women’s dietary habits were assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. The Mediterranean Food Pattern (an MD index) was derived from it to assess MD adherence. We used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale to assess postpartum depression. The postpartum depression score was not statistically different between control and exercise groups (p > 0.05). A higher consumption of fruits (β = −0.242, p = 0.022), lower intake of red meat and subproducts (β = 0.244, p = 0.020), and a greater MD adherence (β = −0.236, p = 0.027) were associated with lower levels of postpartum depression. Greater adherence to the MD during pregnancy was associated with fewer depressive symptoms and a lower risk of postpartum depression. Postnatal depression was not reduced by prenatal exercise. Promoting fruit consumption while controlling the intake of red meat during pregnancy might prevent postnatal depression.