Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Symbolic Power of Place Names: The Case of the River Olše/Olza/Łolza in Northeastern Czechia

It is not uncommon for place names to become symbols of national identity. Once in that position, such names often play a significant symbolic role in national and local politics. It is less common, however, for actual place name usage to significantly contradict declared place name preferences such that for official purposes people prefer a name variant that they do not use themselves. This article describes an instance of just such cognitive dissonance in a trilingual region in the Czech-Polish borderlands. As will be shown, arguments over which variant to use in this region have been marked by ongoing debates about multilingualism in the linguistic landscape. The parallel usage of the names Olše/Olza/Łolza for the local river shows how important place names can be in articulating national belonging in spite of actual place name usage. The analysis is based on the results of a survey conducted on a large population sample. The questionnaire results are supplemented by interviews and secondary literature.
A Survey of Grade 5 and 6 Pupils’ Attitudes Toward Reading

Abstract Using the adapted version of the Elementary Reading Attitudes Survey by McKenna and Kear, 177 Grades 5–6 pupils in Bamban, Tarlac were surveyed to determine their attitudes toward reading. The survey confirmed the hypothesis that gender is indeed a determinant of the pupils’ attitudes toward reading. While girls were found to have more positive attitudes toward reading, it was also found that as age increases, positive reading attitudes decline. This poses a challenge to educators in providing opportunities to develop more permanent positive attitudes toward reading as a lifelong habit.
Phenotypic and genetic differentiation of two major phylogeographical lineages of arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus in the Lena River, and surrounding Arctic drainages

Two phylogeographical lineages of arctic grayling, Thymallus arcticus , in Siberia are extensively characterized based on both molecular genetic (mtDNA control region sequences) and phenotypic (12 meristic characters) data. One lin- eage, occurring in the delta region of the Lena River as well as all other Arctic draining rivers sampled, corresponds to the subspecific taxon Thymallus arcticus pallasii , whose type locality is the Kolyma River. This taxon is proposed to be a postglacial colonizer of the Lena delta. The second lineage occurs throughout the rest of the Lena basin and is proposed to have survived in a glacial refugium in the middle reaches of the Lena. These lineages form reciprocally monophyletic groups based on mtDNA sequences (net divergence 3.2%), a relationship that is concordant with phe- notypic data, and thus reflects distinct taxa. The upper Lena taxon is given the preliminary name of Thymallus arcti- cus lenensis . Phylogenetic analysis, together with previously published data from North America, reveals that mtDNA sequences from North American populations group within the diverse clade corresponding to T. a. pallasii in Siberia. Despite the relatively close genetic relationship of most North American haplotypes with those in north- ern Siberia, inferences of fragmentation between the continents are supported, but bidirectional movements between the two continents are seen as likely. Despite inclusion in the clade representing T. a. pallasii in Siberia, the source of the relatively divergent Nahanni refuge haplotypes in North America is not resolved. Otherwise, inferences of postglacial expansion across several thousand kilometres are well supported within North America, but only smaller-scale colonization events among drainages are supported in Siberia. © 2006 The Linnean Society of Lon- don, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 88 , 511-525.
Research into cognition and numerical thinking in Colombia (Investigación sobre cognición y pensamiento numérico en Colombia)

ABSTRACT The article presents the results of a literature review that covered various study types and contributions made on cognition and numerical thinking in Colombia. After conducting a search in different sources, 84 relevant documents were selected and analysed in detail. Three categories were created: (i) subjects and lines of research; (ii) teacher training; and (iii) contributions to teaching and learning processes in the classroom. The results of the study indicate that in Colombia there is a prevalence of studies that focus on proposals addressing needs in mathematics classes. There is also a significant amount of studies on cognitive, semiotic and sociocultural perspectives. A gap between these two types of studies is also presented. Some considerations for future research on the topic are outlined at the end of the article.
Dynamic State Estimation for Microgrid Structures

Abstract In this article, the dynamic state estimation of the islanded microgrids problem is addressed. The electrical network and energy sources are represented as a set of Nonlinear Differential Algebraic Equations, with the aim to capture the nonlinear phenomena and a novel solution, by using a variation of the Kalman Filter ad hoc for differential algebraic systems, is presented. In this representation, the state is given by the voltage phasors at each bus and the variables related to the energy sources. The proposed algorithm permits not only to effectively obtain an estimate of the state variables but also it allows to recover these variables during the microgrid transient behavior. Moreover, the estimation may be carried out using fewer measurements than those needed by conventional static estimators. The performance of the proposed dynamic state estimator is evaluated via numerical experiments using two practical microgrids containing wind power and hydroelectric generators. This novel method has been tested for load variations and wind speed changes demonstrating its capabilities and efficiency.
Occurrence of Hirudinea species in a post urban reach of a Patagonian mountain stream

Temporal (May 2005 to February 2006) and habitat distribution (pools and riffles) of Hirudinea species was analyzed at a post urban reach from Esquel stream (Chubut province, Patagonia, Argentina). Site was located 5.7 km downstream a Waste Treatment Plant. Mean values of nutrients: ammonia, nitrates and soluble reactive phosphate, as well water conductivity, turbidity and total suspended solids indicated physical and organic pollution. Leeches assemblage was composed by the glossiphonids: Helobdella scutifera Blanchard, 1900, H. michaelseni (Blanchard, 1900), H. simplex (Moore, 1911), Helobdella sp. , H. hyalina Ringuelet, 1942, H. obscura Ringuelet, 1942 and the semiscolecid Patagoniobdella variabilis (Blanchard, 1900). From these H. hyalina and H. obscura are new records for Chubut province. Helobdella hyalina (810 ind.m-2) and H. simplex (465 ind. m-2) clearly dominated the assemblage at the reach. Only H. simplex displayed a spatial preference being significantly more abundant in pools than in riffle habitats (p<0.001). Species recruitment occurred mostly at September, December and March when juveniles were very abundant. Although several species of Helobdella were able to live in the disturbed section of the stream, only H. simplex and H. hyalina sustained large populations at the site and can be considered as tolerant to organic enrichment. This information is valuable to future studies on stream condition assessment in mountainous areas in Patagonia, and in other areas in which these species are present.
Corner's rules revisited: ontogenetic and interspecific patterns in leaf–stem allometry

We studied interspecific and ontogenetic relationships between the size of a leaf and the primary diameter of the internode bearing it. Although these two variables are known to be strongly correlated across species, the form of this relationship has not been studied. In a re-analysis of published data on interspecific comparisons of 69 temperate tree species, we showed the existence of a strong relationship between twig cross-sectional area (before secondary growth) and surface area of leaves borne by it, within each of three morphological groups, deciduous angiosperms, evergreen angiosperms, and gymnosperms. Within each of these groups, this relationship is isometric: across species, primary cross-sectional area of the stem increases proportionally with leaf surface area. When we consider the relationship between the cross-sectional area of a twig and the surface area of one leaf borne by it, the y-intercepts for this relation are different for the three groups. However, when total leaf surface area per first-year shoot is considered, no differences remained between gymnosperms and evergreen angiosperms, but deciduous angiosperms continued to be distinct. This difference between deciduous and evergreen groups could be due to differences in leaf volume (evergreen species have thicker leaves than deciduous) or in traits related to a trade-off between life span of leaves and their physiological behaviour. We present results of the first quantitative study of the relationship between leaf size and primary diameter of the stem during ontogeny. Both these parameters increase during development of the plant from seedling to adult. For the four tree species examined, the relationship between primary cross-sectional area of the stem and leaf surface area is also isometric. These results bear on a functional interpretation of the relationship between leaf and stem dimensions, suggesting that vascular supply is directly proportional to the requirements of leaves supported by the stem.
School Choice and the Polarization of Public Schools in A Global City: A Bourdieusian GIS Approach

ABSTRACT Over the past three decades, urban sociologists have shed light on the intensifying social inequality between the wealthiest and poorest neighborhoods in global cities; yet limited research has been done to illuminate the relationships between urban polarization and school choice (i.e., where parents choose schools for their children). This study sociospatially examines the patterns of secondary school choice in the global city of Toronto to illuminate the relationship between urban polarization and school choice. In doing so, this study combines Pierre Bourdieu’s sociospatial theory with a geographic information systems (GIS) approach. Overall, we found that popular schools and schools with specialized choice programs tend to be located in high-status neighborhoods, defined as neighborhoods with residents in the top 20% of family income, home prices, education attainment, and representation from the dominant culture. We also show that mobile students who choose popular schools or highly sought-after specialized programs tend to come from advantaged neighborhoods. Meanwhile, local students who choose a regular school in their neighborhood tend to come from low-status neighborhoods. With a new interdisciplinary approach, this study contributes to a more spatialized understanding of how social inequality and polarization account for school choice.
Short-term effects of local river restoration on morphology, flow field, substrate and biota

The objective of this paper is to analyse the short-term effects of restoration on river morphology, flow field, substrate and biota. One of the aims of the restoration measures is to arrest the degradation of the river Drau, which has caused technical (instability of bank protection measures) and ecological (loss of dynamic river reaches with alternate bars) problems. The restoration programme consists of several measures such as digging a new side channel on the right side, leaving an island and erection of groins on the left side of the main channel. These were made to keep the entrance open. After a two year monitoring programme the results of the analysis show that with respect to the river morphology, flow field and substrate, positive and negative effects were recorded, whereas for the ecology, positive effects were in general documented. Repeated morphological surveys using an echosounder showed that within a year without major flood events the main channel aggraded on average about 16 cm and the upper parts of the island degraded by up to 1 m. The groin pools became partially filled due to their function as sediment traps for finer material during low flows. Subsequent, measurements performed after several floods showed that degradation reduced the amount of aggradation by 50%. Flow velocity measurements demonstrated the effects of groins and their inability to force the main flow path to the side channel. In contrast with the main channel, the side channel was characterized by highly variable sediment grain sizes and dynamic morphological changes. The lower shear stresses and higher growth of algae in the side channel were associated with higher numbers of species of macroinvertebrates. Population studies showed significantly higher densities of fish species in this reach with a side channel than in any other river reach. Forty species of birds were observed, seven of which were typical water-related species, and the number of plant species increased from 48 to 118.
Development of Learning Models for Programming Algorithms and Structure of Data I for E-Learning Assistance

This research aims to develop a learning model of Programming Algorithms and the Data I Structure of e-learning assistance. Research and development of this model will produce products in the form of print modules, learning designs and e-learning assisted media for Algorithms and Data I Structure courses. Development of learning models for Programming Algorithms and Structure of Data I for e-learning assistance using the Dick and Carey model design modified with the Trollip and Alessi models. The steps taken in the development of this model are preliminary research, planning and model development, validation, evaluation and revision of the model, and implementation of the model. Validation results from experts consisting of 93% learning design experts, 95% material experts, and 87% of media experts recommend that this development model is used in learning Programming Algorithms and Structure of Data I. As for the implementation of individual trials are achieved 95% achievement, a small group trials reaching 95%, and a field test achieved 96% success. The conclusion of the expert validation process and the results of trials, that the development of learning models of Programming Algorithms and Structure of Data I for e-learning assistance is feasible to be used in learning. Keywords—learning models, algorithm, e-learning.
Pathologies in information bottleneck for deterministic supervised learning

Information bottleneck (IB) is a method for extracting information from one random variable $X$ that is relevant for predicting another random variable $Y$. To do so, IB identifies an intermediate "bottleneck" variable $T$ that has low mutual information $I(X;T)$ and high mutual information $I(Y;T)$. The "IB curve" characterizes the set of bottleneck variables that achieve maximal $I(Y;T)$ for a given $I(X;T)$, and is typically explored by maximizing the "IB Lagrangian", $I(Y;T) - \beta I(X;T)$. In some cases, $Y$ is a deterministic function of $X$, including many classification problems in supervised learning where the output class $Y$ is a deterministic function of the input $X$. We demonstrate three caveats when using IB in any situation where $Y$ is a deterministic function of $X$: (1) the IB curve cannot be recovered by maximizing the IB Lagrangian for different values of $\beta$; (2) there are "uninteresting" trivial solutions at all points of the IB curve; and (3) for multi-layer classifiers that achieve low prediction error, different layers cannot exhibit a strict trade-off between compression and prediction, contrary to a recent proposal. We also show that when $Y$ is a small perturbation away from being a deterministic function of $X$, these three caveats arise in an approximate way. To address problem (1), we propose a functional that, unlike the IB Lagrangian, can recover the IB curve in all cases. We demonstrate the three caveats on the MNIST dataset.
Poor outcomes after dabigatran-associated intracranial hemorrhage despite idarucizumab reversal

Abstract Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is the most deadly bleeding complication associated with anticoagulation. The efficacy of idarucizumab in treating dabigatran-associated ICH in the real world is uncertain. We sought to assess patient outcomes in this sick population. This was a 2-year prospective observational study of functional neurologic status in patients who received idarucizumab following dabigatran-associated ICH across three tertiary Canadian hospitals. The primary outcome was disability on the modified Rankin scale thirty days after antidote administration. Five patients received idarucizumab for dabigatran-associated ICH. The median time to idarucizumab administration was 43 minutes (range: 2–163 minutes). Four patients were dead at 30 days. The fifth patient was in a minimally conscious state with hemiparesis requiring full nursing care. Three patients were transitioned to palliative care based on their advanced directives and dismal prognosis as determined by the treating team. High quality care should not include idarucizumab when it is unlikely to achieve patients’ previously stated goals of care. However, rapid administration of this expensive antidote is often necessary when information is incomplete.
Value or Quality? Differences in Airlines’ Customer Satisfaction Strategies across National Markets

Abstract Global strategists suggest to deploy a value for money strategy both in emerging and developed markets. This study uses reviews from 24,926 airline passengers across 29 countries, and investigates in a multi-country context how value for money and service quality perceptions influence customer satisfaction. This study also advances strategic-fit research of value-for-money marketing strategies on an international level by theorizing and empirically investigating the moderating influence of a country’s economic condition and hedonic value orientation on customer satisfaction. The results clearly oppose an emerging versus developed world thinking.
More people, more active, more often

centres are running innovative GP referral schemes. The Physical Activity Task Force, in a consultation paper More People, More Active, More Often, invite suggestions and views on their proposals for developing a strategy aimed at encouraging more people to enjoy a physically active lifestyle. Research findings show very low levels of physical activity yet scientific evidence demonstrates the health benefits of regular moderate activity. The paper identifies six groups with special needs
Policy capacity and Singapore’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Despite its excellent public healthcare system and efficient public administration, Singapore has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. While fatalities in the city-state remain low and contact tracing efforts have been largely successful, it has nonetheless experienced high rates of infection and the emergence of large infection clusters in its foreign worker dormitories. This paper analyses this dual-track policy outcome – low fatalities but high infection rates – from a policy capacity perspective. Specifically, the policy capacities that had contributed to Singapore’s low fatality rates and effective contact tracing are identified while the capacity deficiencies that may have caused its high rates of infection are discussed. In doing so, I argue that the presence of fiscal, operational and political capacities that were built up after the SARS crisis had contributed to Singapore’s low fatality rate and contact tracing capabilities while deficiencies in analytical capacities may explain its high infection rate.
CELL WALL METABOLISM DURING RIPENING AND STORAGE OF NONCLIMACTERIC SOUR CHERRY (PRUNUS CERASUS L., CV. KÁNTORJÁNOSI)

Ripeness: The colour of green (ripeness stage I), pit hardening (II), light red (a, b) (III, IV), red (V) and dark red (VI) sour cherry fruits ( Prunus cerasus cv. Kantorjanosi) were characterised by CIELAB L*, a* and b* values. L* and b* decreased as a function of ripeness, a* intensively increased between green (I) and pit hardening (II) stages. The cell wall of green fruit was intact, but the electron dense cytoplasm concentrated along the cell wall and showed a number of degradation signs. The pit hardening stage (II) resulted in more structural break down in the cytoplasm and in the cell wall. Large numbers of plastoglobuli were in the plastids resulting in chloroplast-gerontoplast conformation. The most striking feature of light red fruits is the dissolution of the walls. Middle lamellae almost completely disappeared. In ripe fruits, the wall degradation was even more prominent. The regular structure of the cytoplasm had almost completely disappeared. The total pectin content between pit hardening a.
Pathogenesis of Dengue viral infections

Dengue viral infections are one of the most important mosquito borne viral infections in the world. There are four dengue virus serotypes (DEN1-4) which are closely related. Initial infection with a particular serotype is known as primary infection, which is usually asymptomatic or results in mild disease manifestations. Although cross reactive T cells and cross reactive antibodies have been shown to contribute to disease pathogenesis, these mechanisms alone do not explain the immunopathological mechanisms leading to severe disease. However, studies have suggested that immunopathological, host genetic and viral factors all contribute to the occurrence of severe disease. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the quality of dengue specific immune responses in patients with acute severe and asymptomatic dengue infection, to determine the immune correlates of severe clinical disease and protection. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4038/sljid.v1i1. 2987 Sri Lankan Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol.1(1) 2011: 2-8
The luxury of doing nothing: inferring luxury from idleness display in travel setting

ABSTRACT Extant studies on luxury have focused on exploring motivations and service attributes behind the consumption of luxury travel brands. However, the underlying psychological mechanism of how customers develop a luxury perception of hospitality and tourism brands has received scant attention. By identifying scarcity of time as a significant factor behind luxury perception development, the current study argues that observers are more likely to perceive travel experiences as luxurious when they observe idleness rather than busyness. This perception is mediated by high social status inference on the part of the current user.
A Machine Learning Approach for Predicting DDoS Traffic in Software Defined Networks

Software Defined Networks (SDN) paradigm was introduced to overcome the limitations of the traditional network such as vendor dependencies, inconsistency policies, etc. It becomes a promising network architecture that provides the operators more control over the network infrastructure. The controller also called the operating system of the SDN has the centralized control over the network. Despite all its capabilities, the introduction of various architectural entities poses many security threats to SDN layers. Among many such security issues, Distributed Denial of Services (DDoS) is a rapidly growing attack that poses a tremendous threat to SDN. It targets to the availability of the network, by flooding the controller with spoofed packets. It causes the controller to become paralyzed, and thereby the entire network becomes destabilize. Therefore, it is essential to design a robust DDoS detection mechanism to prevent the control plane attack. In this regard, we have used seven Machine Learning techniques to accurately classify and predict different DDoS attacks like Smurf, UDP flood, and HTTP flood. Experimental results with proper analysis have been presented in this work.