Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Ice Flow in the Bare Ice Area near the Allan Hills in Victoria Land, Antarctica

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, U.S.A. Abstract: The mechanism of accumulation of a large number of meteorites in the bare ice area near the Allan Hills in South Victoria Land has been investi­ gated by surveying a triangulation chain of 20 stations, 15 km in total length, during the 1978-79 and 1979-80 field seasons. The horizontal and vertical components of surface velocities of the ice sheet in the bare ice area at 18 sta­ tions and the parameters of surface strains at 18 triangles of the chain were obtained. The horizontal velocity of the ice sheet at the station farthest from the datum point is 2.51 m/year and the velocity vector principally points in a northeast direction which is perpendicular to the contour lines. The magnitude of hori­ zontal velocities gradually decreases from a maximum at station 20 to nearly zero at the stations near the Allan Hills. The vertical movements of the bare ice are emergent at a rate of 4.5 cm/year on the average in the region of high me­ teorite accumulation, while in the area of the further inland the vertical ice flow shows small submergence velocities. Ablation rates are ranging from 4.2 to 7.0 cm/year with an average of 5.7 cm/year and are balanced on the average by the emergent velocity of the ice in the meteorite accumulation area. Compres­ sive strains are predominant in most of the triangle areas and the horizontal dilatation of each triangle area is negative (horizontal convergence). These characters of ice flow are favorable for accumulation of a large number of meteorites on the bare ice surface in a small area, and also support a pro­ posed hypothesis by NAGATA (1978) on the mechanism of concentration of Yamato meteorites within the Meteorite Ice Field near the Yamato Mountains in East Queen Maud Land, where the triangulation survey has also shown an upward flow of ice.
Tissue-specific knockout in Drosophila neuromuscular system reveals ESCRT’s role in formation of synapse-derived extracellular vesicles

Tissue-specific gene knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful approach for characterizing gene functions in animal development. However, this approach has been successfully applied in only a small number of Drosophila tissues. The Drosophila motor nervous system is an excellent model system for studying the biology of neuromuscular junction (NMJ). To expand tissue-specific CRISPR to the Drosophila motor system, here we present a CRISPR-mediated tissue-restricted mutagenesis (CRISPR-TRiM) toolkit for knocking out genes in motoneurons, muscles, and glial cells. We validated the efficacy of this toolkit by knocking out known genes in each tissue, demonstrated its orthogonal use with the Gal4/UAS binary expression system, and showed simultaneous knockout of multiple redundant genes. Using these tools, we discovered an essential role for SNARE pathways in NMJ maintenance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the canonical ESCRT pathway suppresses NMJ bouton growth by downregulating the retrograde Gbb signaling. Lastly, we found that axon termini of motoneurons rely on ESCRT-mediated intra-axonal membrane trafficking to lease extracellular vesicles at the NMJ. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this study, we developed a tissue-specific Cas9 toolkit that enables gene knockout specifically in motor neurons, glial cells, and muscle cells, the three cell types of the Drosophila peripheral motor system. Complementary to existing RNAi methods, this versatile tissue-specific knockout system offers unique advantages for dissecting gene functions at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Using these tools, we discovered that SNARE-mediated secretory pathways are required to maintain the integrity of the NMJ and that ESCRT components play critical yet differential roles in the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles, bouton growth, and membrane turnover at the NMJ. This CRISPR toolkit can be applied to study many biological questions in the neuromuscular system.
Diagnostic accuracy of tumor markers for malignant pleural effusion: a derivation and validation study.

Background The utility of tumor markers (TMs) for differentiating malignant pleural effusion (MPE) from benign pleural effusion (BPE) has been a subject of controversy. The majority of published studies are single center designed and lack validation. We performed a derivation and validation study in China to evaluate the diagnostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as well as carbohydrate antigen (CA) 15-3, CA 19-9 and CA 125 to differentiate between MPE and BPE. Methods Three hundred and twenty seven pleural effusion (PE) and paired serum samples were collected from consecutive patients with MPE or BPE in Beijing (174 patients, derivation) and Wuhan (153 patients, validation) during the same period. The concentrations of four TMs were tested using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay technology. The performance of the TMs was analyzed by standard receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results The levels of four TMs were significantly higher in MPE than in BPE and the corresponding serum. The concentrations of CEA and CA 15-3 were more stable than the concentrations of CA 125 and CA 19-9. CEA was the best single marker for discriminating MPE from BPE. With a specificity of 100% in the total population, the highest sensitivity (37.8%) using serum was found in CEA. In addition, CEA presented 19.8% sensitivity in PE and 18.0% sensitivity in the Δ(PE-serum). For CA 15-3, the sensitivity was 32.4% in PE, 15.3% in the PE/serum ratio and 25.2% in the Δ(PE-serum). Conclusions CEA and CA 15-3 rather than CA 125 and CA 19-9 are more reliable to differentiate between MPE and BPE. The use of the Δ(PE-serum) value in TMs, such as CEA and CA 15-3, may improve the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis etiology of PE.
T cells expressing the gammadelta receptor are essential for Th2-mediated inflammation in patients with acute exacerbation of asthma.

OBJECTIVE: T lymphocytes have a central regulatory role in the pathogenesis of asthma. The objective of this study was to characterize immunologically the activation stage of asthma and the functional profile of lymphocytes from induced sputum, with particular emphasis on gammadelta T cells. METHODS: Induced sputum was collected from 10 patients with acute exacerbation of asthma, and from healthy controls. The expression of activation markers on freshly isolated induced sputum lymphocytes and T-cell subsets was analyzed by double immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. Fas ligand (FasL) was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The phenotype of gammadelta T-cell subpopulations was tested by A13 and BB3 monoclonal antibodies. In this context, the functional profile of gammadelta T cells was tested in a chromium releasing test. RESULTS: A significantly decreased proportion of alphabeta T cells and an increased proportion of gammadelta T cells, CD56+ cells and CD8+ gammadelta T cells were found in asthma patients compared with healthy controls. In asthmatic patients, there is a significantly increased proportion of T cells expressing CD69 and CD25 antigen. After stimulation of gammadelta T cells, an increased expression of intracellular tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL10 cytokines were found at higher levels than controls. Interferon-gamma was observed at similar levels in asthma patients and healthy controls. Freshly isolated T-cell receptor (TCR) gammadelta+ cells exhibited an increased percentage of FasL in our patient group. FasL mRNA was detected in TCR gammadelta+ cells before and after IL2 stimulation. TCR gammadelta+ cells were cytotoxic against the K562 cell line. This natural killer activity was mediated by the A13-positive subpopulation. CONCLUSION: The presence of cytokines producing gammadelta cells in induced sputum of asthmatic patients is consistent with regulatory activities. These cells display also cytotoxic function.
Explorer Regulators encoded in the Escherichia coli type III secretion system 2 gene cluster influence expression of genes within the locus for enterocyte effacement in enterohemorrhagic E . coli O 157 : H 7

Citation for published version: Zhang, LH, Chaudhuri, RR, Constantinidou, C, Hobman, JL, Patel, MD, Jones, AC, Sarti, D, Roe, AJ, Vlisidou, I, Shaw, RK, Falciani, F, Stevens, MP, Gally, DL, Knutton, S, Frankel, G, Penn, CW & Pallen, MJ 2004, 'Regulators encoded in the Escherichia coli type III secretion system 2 gene cluster influence expression of genes within the locus for enterocyte effacement in enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157 : H7' Infection and Immunity, vol 72, no. 12, pp. 7282-7293. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.72. 12.7282-7293.2004
Rice field fisheries: a resource for Cambodia

Small-scale fisheries in and around rice fields in the lowland areas of Cambodia are greatly underestimated and undervalued. Their contribution to the protein requirements of the poor rural households is significant. In Svay Rieng province, they could provide 65-75% of the animal protein requirements of these households. The value could well be around 40% of the value of rice production. It is, therefore, important that these natural stocks and the fisheries are managed well and that developmental activities explicitly consider their impact on these fisheries.
Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar: Models, Focusing and Experiments

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a remote sensing technique that allows the generation of microwave images of the Earth surface, independently of weather condition and of sun illumination. SAR sensors can be either mounted on spacecrafts (spaceborne systems) or placed on airplanes (airborne systems). In this thesis the study of problems related to the use of airborne SAR is addressed. The thesis is organized in five chapters and Chapter 1 presents the basic rationale of SAR technique. The assumption that the sensor flight path is a straight line is adopted in the first chapter, which is preliminary to the subsequent analysis, and allows introducing the formalism adopted in Chapters 2-5, where the assumption of straight flight path, not realistic for airborne systems, is relaxed, and the original results of this thesis are presented. Airborne SAR acquisition model is deeply analyzed, and realization of an efficient airborne raw data simulator, which represents a useful tool for mission planning, SAR system design and inversion algorithm testing, is presented (Chapter 2). The analysis of the airborne acquisition model allows also highlighting problems related to airborne SAR focusing. In particular, a quantitative analysis of the accuracy achievable by airborne SAR images is performed; extension to the repeat pass airborne interferometry is also included (Chapter 3). Such an analysis allows, on one side, quantifying the airborne repeat pass interferogram phase accuracy in terms of the expected motion measurement system accuracy (Chapter 3); on the other side, designing a new efficient airborne SAR processor (Chapter 4). Theoretical results presented in Chapter 3 are, finally, validated by an airborne differential interferometry experiment carried out by using real data (Chapter 5).
Narrowing of the upwelling branch of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation and Hadley cell in chemistry‐climate model simulations of the 21st century

Changes in the width of the upwelling branch of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation and Hadley cell in the 21st Century are investigated using simulations from a coupled chemistry‐climate model. In these model simulations the tropical upwelling region narrows in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. The narrowing of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation is caused by an equatorward shift of Rossby wave critical latitudes and Eliassen‐Palm flux convergence in the subtropical lower stratosphere. In the troposphere, the model projects an expansion of the Hadley cell's poleward boundary, but a narrowing of the Hadley cell's rising branch. Model results suggest that eddy forcing may also play a part in the narrowing of the rising branch of the Hadley cell.
Closure of "Behavior of Laterally Loaded Piles: I-Single Piles"

An analysis is presented for the horizontal displacement and rotation of a vertical pile subjected to lateral loading and moment, and situated in an ideal elastic mass. Influence factors are presented for a wide range of pile flexibilities and length-to-diameter ratios, for both free-head and fixed-head piles. Comparisons between the elastic solutions and the corresponding solutions obtained from the subgrade reaction theory show that the latter considerably overestimates the displacement and rotation of the pile, but gives a reasonable estimate of the moments in the pile. The elastic analysis is extended to include the effect of local yield between the soil and the pile; the load-displacement relationship for relatively flexible piles is found to be markedly influenced by local yield. The characteristics of behavior indicated by the theoretical solutions agree reasonably well with those reported from measurements on full-scale piles.
Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation

A theory of expectations is used to explain how music evokes various emotions for readers interested in cognitive science and evolutionary psychology as well as music. The psychological theory of expectation that David Huron proposes in "Sweet Anticipation" grew out of experimental efforts to understand how music evokes emotions. These efforts evolved into a general theory of expectation that will prove informative to readers interested in cognitive science and evolutionary psychology as well as those interested in music. The book describes a set of psychological mechanisms and illustrates how these mechanisms work in the case of music. All examples of notated music can be heard on the Web. Huron proposes that emotions evoked by expectation involve five functionally distinct response systems: reactive responses (which engage defensive reflexes); tension responses (where uncertainty leads to stress); predictive responses (which reward accurate prediction); imaginative responses (which facilitate deferred gratification); and appraisal responses (which occur after conscious thought is engaged). For real-world events, these five response systems typically produce a complex mixture of feelings. The book identifies some of the aesthetic possibilities afforded by expectation, and shows how common musical devices (such as syncopation, cadence, meter, tonality, and climax) exploit the psychological opportunities. The theory also provides new insights into the physiological psychology of awe, laughter, and "spine-tingling chills. " Huron traces the psychology of expectations from the patterns of the physical/cultural world through imperfectly learned heuristics used to predict that world to the phenomenal qualia experienced by those who apprehend the world.
Distribution and composition of suspended biogenic particles in surface waters across Subarctic and Arctic Seas

[1] Suspended biogenic particles were examined across Subarctic and Arctic Seas during the Canada-Three-Oceans (C3O) program in the summers of 2007 and 2008. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON), biogenic silica (bSiO2), and size-fractionated chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations were measured within the euphotic zone throughout five domains: Eastern Subarctic North Pacific (ESNP), Bering and Chukchi Seas (BE-CH), Southern Beaufort Sea and Canada Basin (BS-CB), Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA), and Baffin Bay and Labrador Sea (BB-LS). Despite large variability along the sampling transect and vertically throughout the euphotic zone, domain averages of depth-integrated POC and PON were relatively invariant across the ESNP, BE-CH, CAA, and BB-LS, ranging from 546 to 670 mmol m−2 (POC) and 101 to 154 mmol m−2 (PON), but were much lower in BS-CB (199 and 78 mmol m−2, respectively). In contrast, depth-integrated bSiO2 averages were highest in BE-CH and CAA (>100 mmol m−2), intermediate in ESNP and BB-LS (34–48 mmol m−2), and low in BS-CB (6 mmol m−2). Similarly to the bSiO2 distribution, the biomass of the >5 μm chl a size-fraction averaged 68–69% of total chl a in BE-CH and CAA, 56% in BB-LS, and 22–23% in ESNP and BS-CB. Ratios of bSiO2:PON averaged 1.10–1.30 in BE-CH and CAA, 0.30–0.34 in ESNP and BB-LS, and 0.08 in BS-CB. This study highlights the relative importance of siliceous phytoplankton such as diatoms in BE-CH and CAA, smaller nonsiliceous cells in BS-CB and ESNP, and a mixed assemblage of variably sized phytoplankton with a less siliceous component in BB-LS.
O Efeito Halloween no Mercado Acionário Brasileiro

The Halloween effect relates to the notion that stock market returns tend to be higher in the period from November to April than from May to October. In this study, we analyze the robustness of this trading strategy taking into account the individual returns of stocks traded in the Brazilian stock market during the period from August 1994 to June 2014. Using standard dummy regression approach introduced by Bouman and Jacobsen (2002), our results suggest the existence of the Halloween effect in the Brazilian market, which has shown to be economically and statistically significant, with a positive sign and a slight drop trend over the past few years. In addition, when reassessing these results using the "Superior Predictive Ability Test" of Hansen (2005), we have found that an investment strategy based on the Halloween effect generates a statistically significant returns superior to a buy-and-hold strategy when the effects of data-snooping when data-snooping effects are not neglected in the stock returns series, as in Bouman and Jacobsen (2002).
Passive Geolocation of Low-Power Emitters in Urban Environments Using TDOA

Abstract : Low-power devices are commonly used by the enemy to control Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs), and as communications nodes for command and control. Quickly locating the source of these signals is difficult, especially in an urban environment where buildings and towers can cause interference. This research presents a geolocation system that combines several geolocation and error mitigation methods to locate an emitter in an urban environment. The proposed geolocation system uses a Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) technique to estimate the location of the emitter of interest. Using sensors at known locations, TDOA estimates are obtained by cross-correlating the signal received at all the sensors. A Weighted Least Squares (WLS) solution is used to estimate the emitter's location. If the variance of the location estimate is too high, a sensor is detected as having a Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) path from the emitter, and is removed from the geolocation system and a new position estimate is calculated with the remaining sensor TDOA information. The performance of the system is assessed through modeling and simulations. The test results confirm the feasibility of identifying a NLOS sensor, thereby improving the geolocation system's accuracy in an urban environment.
External geophysics, Climate and Environment Groundwater arsenic contamination on the Ganges Delta: biogeochemistry, hydrology, human perturbations, and human suffering on a large scale

Over the last several decades, much of population of Bangladesh and West Bengal switched their water supply from surface water to groundwater. Tragically, much of the region’s groundwater is dangerously contaminated by arsenic, and consumption of this water has already created severe health effects. Here we consider how groundwater flow may affect arsenic biogeochemistry and we compare the vertical patterns of groundwater chemistry at our intensive study site with the average values across the country. Detailed hydraulic data are presented from our field site that begins to characterize the groundwater flow system. To
Ruminative response scale for eating disorders: bifactor model and measurement invariance in a Portuguese community sample

ABSTRACT The Ruminative Response Scale for Eating Disorders (RRS-ED) measures ruminative thought content specifically related to eating disordered themes, assessing two domains of rumination, brooding and reflection. This study aims to examine the factor structure of the RRS-ED in a Portuguese community sample, using correlated two-factor models, unifactorial and bifactor models and test for invariance across sex. A sample of 535 adults (179 male; 356 female) filled out the RRS-ED. A subsample (n=347) answered additional measures of repetitive negative thinking and eating psychopathology. The bifactor model of the RRS-ED provided the best fit, demonstrating a reliable general rumination factor. Also, the bifactor model of the RRS-ED was invariant across sex. RRS-ED showed moderate to strong correlations with negative perseverative thinking and eating psychopathology. Both domain-specific factors of RRS-ED were associated with higher levels of eating psychopathology. Findings indicate that RRS-ED is a reliable and valid measure to assess the ruminative response from the general population in Portugal, showing initial evidence that supports the use of a total score of RRS-ED as an overall measure of rumination, while specific factor scores should be reported with caution. Future studies are needed to replicate the findings and further corroborate the unidimensionality of the RRS-ED.
Bailando++: 3D Dance GPT With Choreographic Memory

Our proposed music-to-dance framework, Bailando++, addresses the challenges of driving 3D characters to dance in a way that follows the constraints of choreography norms and maintains temporal coherency with different music genres. Bailando++ consists of two components: a choreographic memory that learns to summarize meaningful dancing units from 3D pose sequences, and an actor-critic Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) that composes these units into a fluent dance coherent to the music. In particular, to synchronize the diverse motion tempos and music beats, we introduce an actor-critic-based reinforcement learning scheme to the GPT with a novel beat-align reward function. Additionally, we consider learning human dance poses in the rotation domain to avoid body distortions incompatible with human morphology, and introduce a musical contextual encoding to allow the motion GPT to grasp longer-term patterns of music. Our experiments on the standard benchmark show that Bailando++ achieves state-of-the-art performance both qualitatively and quantitatively, with the added benefit of the unsupervised discovery of human-interpretable dancing-style poses in the choreographic memory.
Agricultural Pollution: Environmental Problems and Practical Solutions

1. Agriculture and Pollution. 2. Nitrates and Nitrogen Loss. 3. Phosphorus. 4. Soil Erosion. 5. Organic Wastes. 6. Gaseous Emissions. 7. Pesticides. 8. Genetic Modification. 9. Policy Strategies for Reducing Pollution.
Climate Change and Agriculture in India: Studies from Selected River Basins

List of Tables. List of Figures. List of Maps. List of Abbreviations. Foreword M. S. Swaminathan. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Socio-economic Assessment of Climate Impacts in Agriculture 2. Methodologies for Quantifying Climate Change Impacts 3. Climate Change and Impacts: Godavari River Basin 4. Climate Change and Impacts: Krishna River Basin 5. Climate Change and Impacts: Cauvery River Basin 6. Technologies, Adaptation Costs and Cost of Uncertainty Associated with Climate Change 7. Climate Change and Socio-economic Impact Assessment: A Way Forward. Notes. Appendix. Bibliography. About the Authors. Index