Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University of Birmingham Unequal treatment: health care experiences and needs of patients with cancer from minority ethnic communities

This study aimed to explore the health care experiences of members of minority ethnic groups regarding the patients with cancer. A grounded theory approach and semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 50 respondents who represented the largest minority ethnic groups in a metropolitan UK city. These included 35 patients with cancer from African-Caribbean, Irish, Pakistani, Indian, Bangladeshi and Chinese communities, eight of their carers; and seven community bilingual advocates involved in supporting members of minority ethnic groups who had cancer. Respondents’ experiences of health care were highly variable. Some patients had positive experiences of certain aspects of care, including emotional support from advocates. However, the basic needs of many patients were commonly not met. Effective access to appropriate care, information and communication was compromised, including at critical times such as when imparting a cancer diagnosis or discussing treatment options. Continuing care was characterised by a lack of service responsiveness and flexibility across care pathways and social services, with patients often unaware of their entitlement to support related to their cancer. The study provided continuing evidence of institutional racism and inequality in patients’ experience of health care. Service providers and policy makers should focus on improving elementary quality of care for all as a matter of urgency.
Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak, Kualitas Pelayanan dan Sanksi Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak di KPP Pratama Makassar Barat

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kesadaran wajib pajak, kualitas pelayanan, dan sanksi pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak dalam menyampaikan Surat Pemberitahuan (SPT) Tahunan Orang Pribadi selama masa pandemi covid-19 di KPP Pratama Makassar Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif yang berlandaskan sifat positivisme. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah purposive sampling dengan menggunakan rumus slovin. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wajib pajak orang pribadi yang terdaftar di KPP Pratama Makassar Barat. Penelitian dilakukan kepada 77 responden wajib pajak menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara tertulis serta Google Form. Teknik analisis data berupa analisis regresi berganda dengan metode Ordinary Least Square dengan menggunakan bantuan SPSS Ver.21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesadaran wajib pajak, kualitas pelayanan, dan sanksi pajak berpengaruh secara bersama-sama terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak.Kesadaran wajib pajak berpengaruh secara parsial dengan arah positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh secara parsial dengan arah positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Sanksi pajak berpengaruh secara parsial dengan arah positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak
Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) extinction on the Australian mainland in the mid-Holocene: multicausality and ENSO intensification

Based on a review here, the most recent Tasmanian devil remains on the mainland date from between 3000 and 4000 years BP in three isolated populations. A widely promulgated recent date within the last 500 years is rejected. Previous studies have found the arrival of the dingo (>3500 BP) to be the only suitable coincident extinction cause, although Aboriginal cultural changes have also been recently implicated. I propose that increased climate variability associated with the onset of the El Niño Southern Oscillation after 6000 BP and a subsequent intensification ca 3000 BP was also a causative factor. Other causes are not rejected, but rather all are placed within a multicausal model. Tasmanian devils are particularly susceptible to climate variability because they are the only specialised scavenger in Australia. Specialised scavengers are mostly limited by variability in the availability of carrion, and this would have increased significantly with ENSO. The fossil record (and persistence in Tasmania) indicates a range contraction of Tasmanian devils from the late Pleistocene onwards towards isolated refugia into those parts of the country least affected by ENSO related climate variability.
and interleukin-17, and increased expression of interleukin-10 during the first week after calving

Peripartum, and especially during the transition period, dairy cows undergo dramatic physiological changes. These coincide with an increased risk of disease during the first 2 wk after calving and have been linked to dairy cows failing to achieve production as well as reproductive targets. Previous evidence suggests that these physiological changes affect the immune sys-tem and that transition dairy cows experience some form of reduced immunocompetence. However, almost all of these studies were undertaken in high-production, housed dairy cows. Grazing cows have much lower levels of production and this study aimed to provide clarity whether or not the dysfunctional attributes of the peripartum immune system reported in high production housed cows are evident in these animals. Therefore, cell culture techniques, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR were applied to analyze the cellular composition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from transition dairy cows as well as the performance of these cells in an in vitro assay. First, a combination of in vitro stimulation and quantitative PCR for cytokines was validated as a quantifiable immunocompetence assay in 29 cattle and a correlation of quantitative PCR and ELISA demonstrated. Second, the relative number of T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, B cells, γδ T cells, natural killer cells, and monocytes in peripheral blood was measured, of which B cells and natural killer cells increased in number postcalving (n = 29) compared with precalving. Third, following in vitro stimulation cytokine profiles indicated decreased expression of IFNγ, tumor necrosis factor, and IL-17 and increased expression of IL-10 wk 1 after calving, which later all returned to precalving values (n = 39). Additionally, treatment of transition cows with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (i.e., carprofen) administered on d 1, 3, and 5 postcalving (n = 19; untreated control n = 20) did not affect the cytokine expression at any time point. In conclusion, an immunocompetence assay has been developed that highlights a characteristic expression pattern for IFNγ, tumor necrosis factor, IL-17, and IL-10 that reflects a state of reduced immunocom-petence in moderate-yielding pasture-based transition cows after calving, which is similar to that described for higher-yielding housed cows.
The ∼1830 Ma Trans-Hudson hairpin from paleomagnetism of the Wapisu gneiss dome, Kisseynew Domain, Manitoba

The Wapisu gneiss dome is located in the northeastern part of the Kisseynew Domain of the Trans-Hudson Orogen (THO) in north-central Manitoba. The dome is circular, about 6 km in diameter, with steeply-dipping flanks. It is composed of upper amphibolite-facies gneisses derived from turbiditic sediments, with leucogranitic sill-like intrusions that were metamorphosed, starting at about 1830 Ma. Alternating field and thermal step demagnetization of 153 specimens from 17 sites around the perimeter of the dome isolated a characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) direction of D = 346.6°, I = 78.9° (α95 = 5.3°, k = 46, N = 17) that gives a pole of 119.5° W, 75.8° N (dp = 9.5°, dm = 10.0°). Unblocking temperatures and saturation isothermal remanence analyses show that the ChRM resides mostly in single to pseudosingle domain magnetite or titanomagnetite, with minor hematite commonly present and with minor pyrrhotite present in the leucogranites. The ChRM is found to be postfolding with >>99.9% confidence, indi.
The First Boat People

Introduction Prologue 1. Going to Sunda: Lower Pleistocene transcontinental migration 2. Pleistocene population growth 3. From Sunda to Sahul: transequatorial migration in the Upper Pleistocene 4. Upper Pleistocene migration patterns on Sahul 5. Palaeoenvironments, megafauna and the Upper Pleistocene settlement of Central Australia 6. Upper Pleistocene Australians: the Willandran people 7. Origins: a morphological puzzle 8. Migratory time frames and Upper Pleistocene environmental sequences in Australia 9. An incomplete jigsaw puzzle Appendices References.
Some effects of suspended sediment stratification on an oceanic bottom boundary layer

A suspended-sediment-induced, stably stratified oceanic bottom boundary layer is examined with the Mellor-Yamada level II turbulence closure model. The boundary layer equations are coupled through the eddy diffusion coefficients for momentum and mass. The bottom boundary layer of the Florida Current is modeled using flow and sediment properties as input parameters. Model results indicate that the boundary layer response to a suspended sediment concentration gradient is to reduce appreciably the level of turbulence. Turbulent kinetic energy and eddy conductivity are reduced by about 40% and 25%, respectively, and bottom stress is reduced by approximately 45%. Increases of veering angle of ≅5°, together with enhancement of the Ekman-like nature of the current spiral with sediment-induced stability, are noted. The boundary layer adjusts to the reduced turbulence level by a decrease in the slope of the velocity profile and by diminution of the thicknesses of the boundary layer and contained logarithmic layer by as much as 50%. The predictions are consistent with findings from studies of stably stratified atmospheric boundary layers and sediment-carrying channel flows. The velocity field near the bottom of a neutrally stratified bottom boundary layer is governed by the relationship U = (u*/κ) ln z/z0. To recover the predicted velocity distribution from this relationship in the sediment-stratified case, von Karman's constant κ must be reduced by about 15%. The model, however, treats κ as an internal constant. Similarity theory suggests that a more appropriate expression for the near-bottom velocity field in the sediment-stratified bottom boundary layer is U = (u*/κ)(ln z/z0 + A ∫Z0z dz/L(z)) where the Monin-Obukhov length L = z/Rƒ, A = 5.5, and Rf is the flux Richardson number. For the thermally stratified atmospheric boundary layer, L(z) is nearly constant, which yields the familiar log-linear profile. Our model predicts that in the sediment-stratified bottom boundary layer, L is nearly linear in z (i.e., Rƒ ≅ const). This yields U ≅ (u*/k′) ln z/Z0, where κ′ = κ/(1 + ARƒ) and κ′ may be interpreted as a modified von Karman constant. The results suggest that u* values inferred from logarithmic speed profiles in sediment-laden flows may be significant overestimates of the actual u*.
Coaggregation of DISC1 and mutant huntingtin dysregulates PDE4 in Huntington’s disease by

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a representative polyglutamine (polyQ) disease caused by aberrant expansion of the polyQ tract in Huntingtin (Htt). While motor impairment mediated by polyQ-expanded Htt has been intensively studied, molecular mechanisms for non-motor symptoms such as psychiatric manifestations in HD remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that Htt forms a ternary protein complex with DISC1 and cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), which regulates PDE4 activity. The pathogenic sequestration of amyloidogenic DISC1 into mutant Htt aggregates by cross-seeding is observed in the brains of HD patients and those of the R6/2 model that represents the polyQ pathology of HD. Consequently, the R6/2 model shows a PDE4 fraction becoming out of physiological control by DISC1, aberrantly increasing the activity of PDE4. Importantly, exogenous expression of DISC1 that binds to PDE4, but not mutant Htt, normalizes PDE4 activity and ameliorates anxiety-like phenotypes in the R6/2 model. Together, we propose that cross-seeding of mutant Htt and DISC1 and resultant changes in PDE4 may underlie the pathology, in particular the mental manifestations, of HD.
Diurnal and seasonal variations of the small‐, intermediate‐, and large‐ion concentrations and their contributions to polar conductivity

Simultaneous measurements of the concentrations of small, intermediate and large ions and of polar conductivity of both polarities were made at a height of 1 m above ground at Pune (18° 32′N, 73° 51′E, 559 m above msl), India during February 1990 to January 1991. Diurnal and seasonal variations of concentrations of ions of all three categories show their peak values in the morning hours throughout the year. Concentrations of all categories of ions are higher during the nighttime as compared to that during the daytime and are higher in winter than in other seasons. Although small-ion concentrations show only a small change, intermediate- and large-ion concentrations undergo a change of up to 1 to 2 orders of magnitude over a period of a year. Most of the time, our observations do not exhibit any inverse relationship between the small- and large-ion concentrations. The results have been explained in terms of the stability of the lower atmosphere and accumulation of radioactive gases, aerosols, etc., below nocturnal inversions. The diurnal and seasonal variations of the percentage contribution of three different categories of ions to the polar conductivity show that although contribution of small ions is dominant for most of the day, contributions of intermediate and large ions become very large in the morning hours, especially in winter. Diurnal variations of the mean values of polar conductivity calculated from the ion concentrations are compared with those of the measured values of polar conductivity. The two values show good agreement during the daytime when the polar conductivity is small. However, the measured values of polar conductivity are always higher than its calculated values during nighttime or in the morning hours when polar conductivity is large.
Ethnomedicinal Importance of Family Lamiaceae and Family Ethnomedicinal Importance of Family Lamiaceae and Family Rosaceae Among Local Communities of Dir Kohistan, Khyber Rosaceae Among Local Communities of Dir Kohistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

The present study was conducted to document the medicinal uses of Family Lamiaceae and Rosaceae in Dir Kohistan during the summer of 2016. Field visits were arranged to different resource-based areas of Dir Kohistan and plants were identified according to their phytogeographic locations. The study revealed that nine species of the family Lamiaceae and seven species of the family Rosaceae are used by the local community for the treatment of human ailments. They utilized these plants through personal experiences and ancestral prescriptions. The plants were used for different health disorders like kidney pain, lung infections, jaundice, as carminative, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiseptic, laxative, febrifuge, sedative and astringent agent. The study revealed that the medicinal flora of the area is under high pressure and was threatened locally due to population growth, habitat degradation, tourism, marketing pressure, over exploitation and unscientific methods of collection from their natural habitat.
Estimating vertical tectonic movement using sediment texture

We demonstrate a new method of detecting, and quantifying, vertical sea-floor movements caused by tectonic uplift from a large earthquake, based on grain-size data from two cores from Petone foreshore, Wellington Harbour, New Zealand. An earthquake of magnitude 8+ raised the shores of Wellington Harbour about 2 m in AD 1855, according to historical records. This event has been recognized in two nearshore cores as a sharp decrease in mud content of 15-20% at 3.75 and 4.25 m below the sea floor (bsf). The decrease is attributed to decreased water depth resulting in higher nearshore wave-induced energy levels. The two levels in the core have been dated approximately by 14C, palynology and variations in heavy metal concentrations and are consistent with a date of AD 1855 for the abrupt shallowing of the foreshore. We infer that the mud-depth relationship has probably been affected since European colonization (post-AD 1840) by increased sediment input into the harbour. Chronological markers in the two cores suggest that rates of sediment accumulation have increased by a factor of at least ten, from ∼2 mm yr-1 prior to AD 1855 to 30 mm yr-1 since then.
Assessment of alternative protection layers for a geomembrane - geosynthetic clay liner (GM-GCL) composite liner

A protection layer is required above geomembrane (GM) – geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) landfill liners to limit physical damage (GM strains and GCL thinning) from an overlying granular drainage layer. A 150 mm thick layer of sand has been found to provide excellent protection at a vertical pressure of 250 kPa. However, the use of sand may not be practical in many cases. Experimental results are presented where the effectiveness of alternate protection systems above one particular GM–GCL liner were examined with 50 mm coarse gravel at an applied vertical pressure of 250 kPa. A 150 mm thick layer of compacted clay and a 150 mm thick layer of rubber tire shreds with a nonwoven needle-punched geotextile (570 g/m2) were found to limit the geomembrane strains and GCL extrusion to acceptable levels. Layered geotextiles performed much better than single layers of geotextiles. A layered geocomposite, with a thick nonwoven needle-punched geotextile in the middle to provide cushioning and stiffer woven geotextiles on.
On robust and reliable automated baseline corrections for strong motion seismology

Computation of displacements from strong motion inertial sensors is to date an open problem. Two distinct methodologies have been proposed to solve it. One involves baseline corrections determined from the inertial data themselves and the other a combination with other geophysical sensors such as GPS. Here we analyze a proposed automated baseline correction algorithm using only accelerometer data and compare it to the results from the real‐time combination of strong motion and GPS data. The analysis is performed on 48 collocated GPS and accelerometers in Japan that recorded the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku‐oki earthquake. We study the time and frequency domain behavior of both methodologies. We find that the error incurred from automated baseline corrections that rely on seismic data alone is complex and can be large in both the time and frequency domains of interest in seismological and engineering applications. The GPS/accelerometer combination has no such problems and can adequately recover broadband strong motion displacements for this event. The problems and ambiguities with baseline corrections and the success of the GPS/accelerometer combination lead us to advocate for instrument collocations as opposed to automated baseline correction algorithms for accelerometers.
Soil organic carbon stocks of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Robust and accurate regional estimates of C storage in soils are currently an important research topic because of ongoing debate about human-induced changes in the terrestrial C cycle. Widely available geoprocessing tools were applied to estimate native soil organic C (SOC) stocks of Rio Grande do Sul state in southern Brazil to a depth of 30 cm from previously sampled soil pedons under undisturbed vegetation. The study used a statewide comprehensive soil survey comprising a small-scale soil map, a climate map, and a soil pedon database. Soil organic C stocks under native vegetation were calculated with two different approaches: the Tier 1 method of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and a refined method based on actual field measurements derived from soil profile data. Highest SOC stocks occurred in Neossolos Quartzarenico hidromorfico (Aquents), Organossolos Tiomorficos (Hemists), Latossolos Brunos (Udox), and Vertissolos Ebânicos (Uderts) soil classes. Before human use of soils, most C was stored in the Latossolos Vermelhos (Udox) and Neossolos Regoliticos (Orthents), which occupy a large area of Rio Grande do Sul. Generally, IPCC default reference SOC stocks compared well with SOC stocks calculated from soil pedons. The total SOC stock of Rio Grande do Sul was estimated at 1510.3 Tg C (5.8 kg C m -2 ) by the IPPC method and 1597.5 ± 363.9 Tg C (7.4 ± 1.9 kg C m -2 ) calculated from soil pedons. The SOC digital map and SOC database developed in this study provide crucial background information for state-level contemporary assessment of C stocks and soil C sequestration programs and initiatives.
Satellite and ground-based observations of auroral energy deposition and the effects on thermospheric composition during large geomagnetic storms: 1. Great geomagnetic storm of 20 November 2003

[1] This report describes thermospheric composition and particle precipitation changes that occurred during the period of the great geomagnetic storm of 20–21 November 2003, an event that was associated with the passage of a magnetic cloud past the Earth. These changes are compared to those observed during geomagnetic activity on 17 November 2003 and during the intervening quieter period. The data used are obtained from (1) ground-based magnetometers, an imaging riometer, a scanning Doppler imaging Fabry-Perot, and photometers from stations in Alaska, (2) photometers from Canadian sites, (3) NOAA POES and DMSP particle sensors, and (4) the TIMED Global Ultraviolet Imager far UV sensor. The composition changes associated with the input of auroral particle and Joule energy showed larger depletions in atomic oxygen on 20 November than on the other nights and greater changes than are seen in the Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter (NRLMSIS) model atmosphere. NRLMSIS does better in reproducing the changes during the great magnetic storm with its long duration auroral energy input than during the shorter time duration geomagnetic activity that occurred on 17 November. During the nights with the largest changes in composition the input of Joule energy dominates over auroral particle energy. It is shown that the particle energy distributions associated with the 20–21 November storm in the period around and after the passage of the magnetic cloud had lower average energies and were enhanced at energies below 0.1 keV than those that caused auroral displays on the preceding days.
Direct influence of ring current on auroral oval diameter

The inside diameter of the auroral oval (conceived as marking the boundary between closed and polar cap field lines) is known to vary with storm intensity, as measured by the Dst index. Part of this variability may result from storm-associated changes in solar wind pressure and/or from storm-associated changes in location of the nightside neutral line (inner edge of neutral sheet). The magnetospheric B field is also directly distorted (stretched outward) by the stormtime ring current so as to increase the amount of polar cap magnetic flux. The magnitude of this last effect on auroral oval diameter is estimated from a simple model in the present work for storms of various intensities. The prototype for an empty magnetosphere in this effort is Dungey's model (dipole plus uniform southward Bz ≈ −9.0 cos6Λ* μT, with Λ* being the invariant latitude of the quiettime auroral oval). Addition of a ring current field ΔBz(r0) with Dst < 0 moves the circular neutral line outward (to a larger radial distance r0 in the equatorial plane) but simultaneously increases the amount of polar cap magnetic flux. The consequent increase in auroral oval diameter can be calculated (in closed form for sufficiently simple ΔBz models) by magnetic flux bookkeeping. In the present model, this increase (≡ −2 ΔΛ*) is typically about 4° ± 1° for each −100 nT of Dst.