Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using the Supercell Polarimetric Observation Research Kit (SPORK) to Examine a Large Sample of Pretornadic and Nontornadic Supercells

Previous work examining dual-polarization (dual-pol) radar signatures of supercells has shown that differential reflectivity (ZDR) column area, hailfall area and specific differential phase (KDP)–ZDR separation angles may differ between tornadic and nontornadic storms. However, these signatures often can be difficult to quantify quickly enough to enable their use in forecasting operations, and little work has been done examining how these characteristics vary with environmental parameters in large samples of observed storms. This paper introduces the Supercell Polarimetric Observation Research Kit (SPORK) as an update to our automated ZDR arc-detection algorithm. This update adds the capability to identify ZDR column and inferred hailfall signatures in supercells automatically, and quickly quantify their characteristics. Dual-pol metrics calculated by SPORK are compared to manually calculated dual-pol metrics from previous work. SPORK is run on a large sample of supercells to examine whether SPORK-calculated dual-pol metrics exhibit the same differences between tornadic and nontornadic supercells seen in manual analyses. Storm-mean dual-pol metrics obtained from SPORK also are used to evaluate how supercell dual-pol metrics vary with different environmental parameters. Results from SPORK support previous findings that tornadic supercells have larger ZDR column areas, smaller hailfall areas, and larger KDP–ZDR separation angles than nontornadic storms. Additionally, ZDR columns tend to be larger and deeper in more conditionally unstable environments. Hailfall areal extents are larger in environments with lower environmental 0ºC levels, higher LCLs and LFCs, and less SRH. Separation angles are larger in environments with larger low-level shear vectors, SRH and lower lifted condensation levels (LCLs) and levels of free convection (LFCs). However, none of these correlations exceed r = 0.52. Overall, our results indicate that SPORK can quantify supercell dual-pol signatures accurately enough to detect potentially useful differences between dual-pol signatures of pretornadic and nontornadic supercells, and provide a first look at how dual-pol signatures vary with environmental characteristics in a large sample of supercells.
Recent advances in analytical satellite theory

Recent work on analytical satellite perturbation theory has involved the completion of a revision to 4th order for zonal harmonics, the addition of a treatment for ocean tides, an extension of the treatment for the noninertial reference system, and the completion of a theory for direct solar-radiation pressure and earth-albedo pressure. Combined with a theory for tesseral-harmonics, lunisolar, and body-tide perturbations, these formulations provide a comprehensive orbit-computation program. Detailed comparisons with numerical integration and observations are presented to assess the accuracy of each theoretical development.
Voices beyond the numbers: a systematic review of qualitative studies of disproportionality in special education

Abstract Researchers in the field of special education has voiced concerns about the disproportionality of diverse students identified for special education services for decades. However, most of the recent research has focused on showing this issue using quantitative data. The voices beyond the numbers are imperative in better understanding this decades long phenomenon. Unfortunately, these voices are rarely present within the context of disproportionality in special education. The present study reports a systematic review of qualitative articles to highlight findings in the literature to contextualize current quantitative data and provide a more representative picture of the phenomenon in the U.S. Results show the over and underrepresentation of students of color in special education according to the voices of educators, family members, and others supporting these students.
Characterisation of Reference Materials for In Situ Rb‐Sr Dating by LA‐ICP‐MS/MS

We present Rb and Sr mass fraction and 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio measurement results for four reference materials (RMs) obtained from the Service d'Analyse des Roches et des Minéraux (SARM), Nancy, France: Mica‐Mg, Mica‐Fe, GL‐O and FK‐N. These four RMs have different chemical compositions spanning the range of those of most K‐bearing feldspars and micas, making them potential calibration materials for in situ Rb‐Sr dating of natural minerals by LA‐ICP‐MS/MS. Selected grains and flakes from the four RMs present variable degrees of heterogeneity observable by SEM‐EDS and EPMA imaging, and chemical mapping. This heterogeneity is mainly related to inclusions of minerals within flakes and grains and to chemical substitutions linked to crystallographic control and alteration processes. The Mica‐Mg RM is the least affected. The powders available at the SARM were analysed by ID‐TIMS (87Sr/86Sr and Sr) and ID‐MC‐ICP‐MS (Rb) after digestion and separation. The mean 87Rb/86Sr ratios are 155.6 ± 4.7% (2s, as for other RMs) for Mica‐Mg, 1815 ± 14% for Mica‐Fe, 36.2 ± 11% for GL‐O and 69.9 ± 5.9% for FK‐N. The mean 87Sr/86Sr ratios are 1.8622 ± 0.36% (2s, as for other RMs) for Mica‐Mg, 7.99 ± 13% for Mica‐Fe, 0.75305 ± 0.12% for GL‐O, and 1.2114 ± 0.17% for FK‐N. The four RMs each show dispersion in 87Sr/86Sr and Rb and Sr mass fractions, to degrees that differ between RMs and that reflect the heterogeneity of their original crystals. The most heterogeneous RMs are GL‐O and Mica‐Fe. The calculated mean Rb‐Sr isotopic ages are 521 ± 24 Ma for Mica‐Mg, 287 ± 55 Ma for Mica‐Fe, 89.2 ± 9.9 Ma for GL‐O and 512 ± 30 Ma for FK‐N. The proposed age for Mica‐Fe may be unreliable due to the elevated dispersion of individual analysis linked to the highly radiogenic composition of the biotite and to the presence of numerous mineral inclusions. We recommend use of these proposed working values of 87Sr/86Sr and 87Rb/86Sr ratios and associated uncertainties when using the four RMs for in situ Rb‐Sr dating by LA‐ICP‐MS/MS. The availability of these four well‐characterised RMs will allow progress in the development and application of the Rb‐Sr dating approach by LA‐ICP‐MS/MS.
Performance Analysis of a Vertical FSO Link with Energy Harvesting Strategy

In this paper we investigate the application of free space optical (FSO) communications, energy harvesting, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as key technology enablers of a cost-efficient backhaul/fronthaul framework for 5G and beyond (5G+) networks. This novel approach is motivated by several facts. First, the UAVs, acting as relay nodes, represent an easy-to-deploy and adaptive network that can provide line-of-sight between the base stations and the gateways connected to the core network. Second, FSO communications offer high data rates between the UAVs and the network nodes, while avoiding any potential interference with the 5G radio access networks. Third, energy harvesting in the optical domain has the potential to extend the UAVs’ battery life. Nevertheless, the presence of atmospheric turbulence, atmospheric attenuation, and pointing errors in the FSO links severely degrades their performance. For this reason an accurate yet tractable modelling framework is required to fully understand whether an UAV-FSO backhaul/fronthaul network with energy harvesting can be applied. To this end, we consider a composite channel attenuation model that includes the effect of turbulence fading, pointing errors, and atmospheric attenuation. Using this model, we derive analytical closed-form expressions of the average harvested energy as a function of the FSO link parameters. These expressions can be used to improve energy harvesting efficiency in FSO link design. We have applied our proposed expressions to evaluate the energy harvested in vertical FSO links for a variety of real scenarios under a modified on-off keying (OOK) scheme optimized for energy harvesting. From the simulations carried out in this paper, we demonstrate that significant values of harvested energy can be obtained. Such performance enhancement can complement the existing deployment charging stations.
STABILITY AND COALESCENCE OF MASSIVE TWIN BINARIES

Massive stars are usually found in binaries, and binaries with periods less than 10 days may have a preference for near equal component masses (“twins”). In this paper we investigate the evolution of massive twin binaries all the way to contact and the possibility that these systems can be progenitors of double neutron star binaries. The small orbital separations of observed double neutron star binaries suggest that the progenitor systems underwent a common envelope phase at least once during their evolution. Bethe & Brown proposed that massive binary twins will undergo a common envelope evolution while both components are ascending the red giant branch (RGB) or asymptotic giant branch (AGB) simultaneously, also known as double-core evolution. Using models generated from the stellar evolution code EZ (evolve zero-age main sequence), we determine the range of mass ratios resulting in a contact binary with both components simultaneously ascending the RGB or AGB as a function of the difference in birth times, Δτ. We find that, even for a generous Δτ = 5 Myr, the minimum mass ratio q min = 0.933 ? > for an 8 M ⊙ ? > primary and increases for larger mass primaries. We use a smoothed particle hydrodynamics code, StarSmasher, to study specifically the evolution of q = 1 common envelope systems as a function of initial component mass, age, and orbital separation. We also consider a q = 0.997 system to test the effect of relaxing the constraint of strictly identical components. We find the dynamical stability limit, the largest orbital separation where the binary becomes dynamically unstable, as a function of the component mass and age. Finally, we calculate the efficiency of ejecting matter during the inspiral phase to extrapolate the properties of the remnant binary from our numerical results, assuming the common envelope is completely ejected. We find that for the nominal core masses, there is a minimum orbital separation for a given component mass such that the helium cores survive common envelope evolution in a tightly bound binary and are viable progenitors for double neutron stars.
Genre-based teaching cycle and instructional design for teaching texts and mandated curriculum contents

This study aimed to construct a genre-based teaching (GBT) model for accommodating the Indonesian EFL curriculum. Anchored in two current GBT cycles developed by Derewianka and Jones (2016) and Chappell (in preparation), a modified GBT cycle and the following instructional design model were constructed. This design-based study conducted its first two stages: the analysis of practical problems and the development of solutions based on the existing knowledge. The practical problem analysis was executed through four exploratory studies of the analyses of instructional documents, open-ended reflective questions, English textbooks, and literature. The exploratory studies reveal context-specific problems of GBT implementation which suggest the need for the provision of a GBT model to guide the enactment of teachers’ GBT practices. The development of solutions was achieved by carefully modifying a GBT cycle informed by principled eclecticism and designing a series of instructional steps which offer three strands for teaching texts and systematic ways for integrating the mandated contents of the Indonesian EFL curriculum. The constructed GBT model is to provide a systematic instructional organization for teaching texts, developing English language skills, and incorporating varied mandated instructional contents of the Indonesian EFL curriculum and to illustrate a construction process of a GBT model to accommodate varied contents of EFL curriculum.
The Anthropic Principle in Psychology and Human Choise

We introduce a model of a subject facing a choice of an alternative out of a set. The model ties together three aspects of human activity: behavioral, mental, and neural-computational. Parameters of this model cannot be estimated experimentally. Thus, a problem arises of determining them by means of theoretical considerations. Similar problems appeared in cosmology as well: the values of the fundamental constants necessary for constructing models of the Universe cannot be determined empirically. One possible solution is to use the "anthropic principle," that is, an abstract statement which allows narrowing the number of combinations of values. We show that a similar methodological gambit can be used in psychology. We formulate an abstract statement and find the parameters of the model with its help. Here we establish the relation of this model to other theories of choice and to experimental psychology. Then we demonstrate that our model is formally isomorphic to the process of gradual minimization of work lost by a heat engine system. The existence of such an isomorphism supports a hypothesis that mental phenomena are related to macro-characteristics of an ensemble of neuron states. KEYWORDS: choice; computation; decision theory; ethical cognition; mathematical psychology; model building; parameter estimation; probability; rationality.
Internal Audit Effectiveness: A Pilot Study Analysis at Malaysian Public Sector

Vol. Abstract The effectiveness of the internal audit function is essential to improve the performance of public sector by the way of the internal auditor’s ability to detect and correct any defects and remain corrected. Thereby, this research aims is to examine the direct relations effects of competence of internal auditor, independence of internal auditor, and the effectiveness of internal control system towards the effectiveness of internal auditor in Malaysian Public Sector namely Malaysian Federal Statutory Bodies (MFSB). In addition, this study employed moderating variable (management support) to test the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. The researcher adopted quantitative research method. This research paper was based on the pilot test that being conducted on 30 respondents where the questionnaires were distributed via respondent’s electronic mail. The research findings revealed that the independence of internal auditor is the most important determinants of internal audit effectiveness. Besides, the interaction between management support and independence of internal auditor is also one of the important determinants of internal audit effectiveness in Malaysian Public Sector. As this research only employed a small number of respondent, further researcher should employed more respondent in their analysis to generate more reliable result.
The development of independence of people living with dementia while performing an artistic painting activity

This study explored the practice and spacing-of-practice effects in people living with dementia during an artistic painting activity. The video recordings of 23 participants were systematically observed during their first and fourth session of the activity. Improvements in independence, engagement, and well/ill-being expressions were analyzed from the first to the fourth session. Moreover, it was analyzed whether a group who had practiced three times a week (n = 12) improved more than a group who had practiced once a week (n = 13). Participants became more independent as they practiced, but the spacing of the sessions did not show any significant effect. Participants with severe dementia showed greater independence improvements than participants with mild to moderate dementia, although they required significantly more assistance throughout the entire study. The positive rates in active engagement and well/ill-being expressions suggest that artistic painting activities promote the motivation and well-being of participants, including those in the severe stage of dementia.
Acta Polytechnica

In this article we have used the 2D fluid turbulence numerical model, ESEL, to simulate turbulent transport in edge tokamak plasma. Basic plasma parameters from the ASDEX Upgrade and COMPASS tokamaks are used as input for the model, and the output is compared with experimental observations obtained by reciprocating probe measurements from the two machines. Agreements were found in radial profiles of mean plasma potential and temperature, and in a level of density fluctuations. Disagreements, however, were found in the level of plasma potential and temperature fluctuations. This implicates a need for an extension of the ESEL model from 2D to 3D to fully resolve the parallel dynamics, and the coupling from the plasma to the sheath.
Genome characterization of a uropathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate PA_HN002 with cyclic di-GMP-dependent hyper-biofilm production

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause various types of infections and is one of the most ubiquitous antibiotic-resistant pathogens found in healthcare settings. It is capable of adapting to adverse conditions by transforming its motile lifestyle to a sessile biofilm lifestyle, which induces a steady state of chronic infection. However, mechanisms triggering the lifestyle transition of P. aeruginosa strains with clinical significance are not very clear. In this study, we reported a recently isolated uropathogenic hyper-biofilm producer PA_HN002 and characterized its genome to explore genetic factors that may promote its transition into the biofilm lifestyle. We first showed that high intracellular c-di-GMP content in PA_HN002 gave rise to its attenuated motilities and extraordinary strong biofilm. Reducing the intracellular c-di-GMP content by overexpressing phosphodiesterases (PDEs) such as BifA or W909_14950 converted the biofilm and motility phenotypes. Whole genome sequencing and comprehensive analysis of all the c-di-GMP metabolizing enzymes led to the identification of multiple mutations within PDEs. Gene expression assays further indicated that the shifted expression profile of c-di-GMP metabolizing enzymes in PA_HN002 might mainly contribute to its elevated production of intracellular c-di-GMP and enhanced biofilm formation. Moreover, mobile genetic elements which might interfere the endogenous regulatory network of c-di-GMP metabolism in PA_HN002 were analyzed. This study showed a reprogrammed expression profile of c-di-GMP metabolizing enzymes which may promote the pathoadaption of clinical P. aeruginosa into biofilm producers.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of corporate governance influencing CSR disclosure in banking. Implementing good corporate governance allows the company's stakeholders to receive accurate and transparent information about the company's internal conditions through CSR disclosure. Thus, good corporate governance can affect the company's relationship with its stakeholders to maintain long-term sustainability. The research sample obtained was 180 companies from banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period. A multiple linear regression test was used to test the research model. The study results found that foreign ownership, state ownership, size of the board of commissioners, and the proportion of women on the board of commissioners significantly positively affected CSR.Meanwhile, the proportion of foreign members on the board of commissioners is known to have a significant adverse effect on CSR. In addition, the results showed that diffusion ownership, the size of the board of directors, the proportion of women on the board of directors, chairman of the board of directors, chairman of the board of commissioners, and the proportion of foreign members on the board of directors did not affect CSR. However, there are differences in the level of information disclosed. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the characteristics of corporate governance used in this study do not fully affect CSR disclosure in banks. This research enriches the existing literature, considering that the banking sector is often excluded from CSR studies because of its specific legal regulations and perceived small environmental impact. In addition, in developing countries, very few studies still analyze the effect of board characteristics on bank CSR disclosures. Furthermore, this study emphasizes important implications for the banking sector, shareholders, and regulatory bodies
Connecting the Dots: Comparing SPH Simulations and Synthetic Observations of Star-forming Clumps in Molecular Clouds

The gravitational collapse of a giant molecular cloud produces localized dense regions, called clumps, within which low-mass star formation is believed to occur. Recent studies have shown that limitations of current observing techniques make it difficult to correctly identify and measure properties of these clumps that reflect the true nature of the star-forming regions. In order to make a direct comparison with observations, we produced synthetic column density maps and a spectral-line cube from the simulated collapse of a large 5000 solar mass molecular cloud. The synthetic observations provide us with the means to study the formation of star-forming clumps and cores in our simulation using methods typically used by observers. Since we also have the full 3D simulation, we are able to provide a direct comparison of ‘observed’ and ‘real’ star-forming objects, highlighting any discrepancies in their physical properties, including the fraction of cores which are gravitationally bound. We have accomplished this by studying the global properties of the star-forming objects, in addition to performing a direct correlation of individual objects to determine the error in the observed mass estimates. By correlating the clumps found in the simulation to those found in the synthetic observations, we find that the properties of objects derived from the spectral-line data cube were more representative of the true physical properties of the clumps, due to effects of projection greatly impacting the estimates of clump properties derived from two-dimensional column density maps.
Discrete-Time Markov Chains: Two-Time-Scale Methods and Applications

Prologue and Preliminaries. - Introduction, Overview, and Examples. - Mathematical Preliminaries. - Asymptotic Properties. - Asymptotic Expansions. - Occupation Measures. - Exponential Bounds. - Interim Summary and Extensions. - Applications. - Stability of Dynamic Systems. - Filtering. - Markov Decision Processes. - LQ Controls. - Mean-Variance Controls. - Production Planning. - Stochastic Approximation.
Characteristics of hiss‐like and discrete whistler‐mode emissions

The characteristics of hiss‐like and discrete (rising and falling tones) whistler‐mode waves in the lower‐band wave frequency range (0.1–0.5 of equatorial electron gyrofrequency) are investigated using waveform data from near‐equatorially orbiting multiple THEMIS spacecraft outside the plasmasphere. Statistical results show that wave polarization properties of hiss‐like emissions are similar to rising tones, but are significantly different from falling tones. The magnetic wave amplitudes of hiss‐like bands and rising tones are generally larger than those of falling tones. Wave normal angles of broadband hiss‐like emissions and rising tones tend to be quasi field‐aligned, whereas falling tones are very oblique. Importantly, discrete emissions including rising and falling tones are predominantly observed in the region of lowfpe/fce(the ratio of plasma frequency to electron gyrofrequency), whereas hiss‐like bands alone preferentially occur in the region of highfpe/fce. These important features of hiss‐like and discrete whistler‐mode emissions should be considered when evaluating their interactions with energetic electrons.