Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combining SEM and Mercury Intrusion Capillary Pressure in the characterization of pore-throat distribution in tight sandstone and its modification by diagenesis: A case study in the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China

Determining the characteristics of pore-throat structures, including the space types present and the pore size distribution, is essential for the evaluation of reservoir quality in tight sandstones. In this study, the results of various testing methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pressure-controlled porosimetry (PCP) and rate-controlled porosimetry (RCP), were compared and integrated to characterize the pore size distribution and the effects of diagenesis upon it in tight sandstones from the Ordos Basin, China. The results showed that reservoir spaces in tight sandstones can be classified into those with three types of origins (compaction, dissolution, and clay-related) and that the sizes and shapes of pore space differ depending on origin. Considering the data obtained by mercury injection porosimetry and the overestimation of pore radii by pressure-controlled porosimetry, the full-range pore size distribution of tight sandstones can be determined by combining data from PCP with corrected RCP data. The pore-throat radii in tight sandstone vary from 36 nm to 200 μm, and the distribution curve is characterized by three peaks. The right peak remains similar across the sample set and corresponds to residual intergranular pores and dissolution pores. The middle and left peaks show variation between samples due to the heterogeneity and complexity of nano-scale throat bodies. The average micro-scale pore content is 33.49%, and nano-scale throats make up 66.54%. The nano-scale throat spaces thus dominate the reservoir space of the tight sandstones. Compaction, dissolution, carbonate cementation, and clay cementation have various effects on pore-throats. Compaction and carbonate cementation decrease pore body content. Pore-bridging clay cementation decreases throat space content. As pore-lining clay cementation preserves pore space.
Influence of Soil Type and Rocky Outcrops on the Species Distribution in a Woody Plant Community at Brazilian Semiarid

Cerrado is a biome that holds many phytophysiognomies, influenced by the edaphic factors, where the type of substrate is strongly related to the established vegetation. This study aims to verify on how soil physicochemical properties, as well as the presence of rocky outcrops, influence the species distribution of woody plants in a Cerrado fragment located in deep soils and tabular relief at Serra do Boqueirao (289 m elev.) Lavras da Mangabeira municipality (6o72′24″ S; 38o97′73″ W), Northeastern Brazil. Every individual with a DNS ≥ 3 cm in 12 sampling units with an area of 12 × 30 m (0.432 ha) was sampled. PAST v. 3.23 software was used in the Main Component analyses. The physical and chemical analyses of the soil were made with samples collected at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths. Differences in diversity, hierarchy and dominance volume of woody plant populations were found between sites with or without the presence of rocky outcrops. The soil has a tendency for water erosion and the aluminum saturation reached values of concentration of 7.9 cmolc dm-3, with a pH value between 4.1-4.2 in rocky environments. The obtained results suggest that Q. parviflora and A. occidentale probably have some kind of resistance to the toxicity of aluminum in soil with a pH value below 5.0.
A Conversation Analysis of Repair Strategies in Indonesian Elementary EFL Students

This study aimed to investigate the types of repair strategies and techniques of repair initiation used by Indonesian Elementary EFL students during the classroom interaction with their teacher. The participants were Elementary EFL students at the beginner level. By using qualitative research, the study used four types of repair strategies by Schegloff, Jefferson, and Sacks (1977) and techniques of repair initiation from Finegan (2008). The data sources were in the form of video recorded of classroom interactions that were transcribed by applying Jefferson Transcription Notation (2004). The findings of the study revealed that the students used all types of repair strategies. The most frequently is OISR which obtained 23 occurrences (37.1%). Besides, the three techniques were found in the conversation. Asking question toward the problem is the dominant one which occurred 31 (50.0%). Another technique was revealed which is giving possible understanding toward the problem. The results of the present study indicate that the speakers produced the trouble source more which affected the recipient to initiate asking for the repair. It means that the trouble source identified by the teacher, but the students did the repair. The trouble source that appeared was affected by the students’ proficiency and the lack of knowledge that they had toward the topic. Also, the teachers initiated asking for explanation to raise the students’ ability in terms of their English knowledge and speaking fluency. However, the teacher should consider that the students should have a chance to repair their trouble source or problem by themselves.
Salt tolerance of potato genetically engineered with the Atriplex canescens BADH gene

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is among the top staple foods in the world, and salinity adversely affects its yield and quality. To improve salt tolerance in potato, the present study is focused on the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of potato by the Atriplex canescens betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) gene driven by single, double, and triple CaMV 35S promoters. The study led first to the detection of seven lines containing the BADH gene followed by the identification of T-DNA insertions via DNA hybridization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The salt tolerance was found to be promoter dependent, as the lines with triple promoters showed a higher resistance than those tranformed with single and double promoters. The transgenic lines showed lower content of H2O2 and malondialdehyde and a lower relative electrical conductivity than wild-type plants. Furthermore, these lines also showed higher proline and chlorophyll content. In silico analysis confirmed that the A. canescens BADH protein had a remarkable tendency to interact with sodium ions and water molecules like other BADH proteins. Taken together, the overexpression of BADH under triple CaMV 35S promoters enhanced salt tolerance of potato.
Insecticide Resistance and Detoxification Enzymes Activity in Nilaparvata lugens Stål Against Neonicotinoids

The Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) is one of the most destructive pests of rice crops in Asian. To assess the resistance of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and nitenpyram, N. lugens exposed to each pesticide up to 15 generations. Results showed that the resistance of N. lugens increased significantly against imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and nitenpyram (neonicotinoids) under selection pressure. There was a 118.07-fold increase in resistance against imidacloprid, 90.37-fold against thiamethoxam, 217.81-fold against clothianidin, and 34.09-fold against nitenpyram in 15th generation as compared to F0. Based on fold increase, imidacloprid and clothianidin subjected for enzymatic analysis and results showed that enzyme activity involves resistance development against neonicotinoids. Cytochrome P450, esterase, and GST had significantly higher activity as the generation passes under the selection pressure of imidacloprid and clothianidin. There was a significant correlation existed between GST, and esterase activity, when compared to LC50 of imidacloprid. GST, esterase and P450 showed a significant correlation with LC50 of clothianidin. The results showed that detoxification enzymes play an important role in insecticide detoxification. When the mixture of imidacloprid and clothianidin tested results showed that the mortality exerted was similar to control when imidacloprid and clothianidin resistant populations were exposed.
Greenhouse gas emissions due to land use change in Brazil from 1990 to 2015: comparison of methodological approaches

Net CO 2 emissions due to land-use change (LUC) resulting from the conversion of natural forest vegetation in Brazil were analyzed over 25 years (1990-2015). Recognized data sources were studied and emission values were compared. Our analysis included LUC emissions over time, which were stratified by biome. In addition, implications for the fulfillment of commitments assumed by Brazil in the Paris Agreement were discussed. Net LUC greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 1990 to 2015 totaled 26GtCO 2 eq. These values were published and updated officially on the National Emissions Registration System. Another renowned source of information regarding Brazil’s GHG emissions is the System for Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals Estimates, which is managed by the Climate Observatory. Although this platform uses a different methodology, it displayed total values that were very similar to the official estimates, except for some differences between individual biome emissions. The Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database, which is based on reports of forest resources, reported lower values of about 21GtCO 2 eq, thereby showing significant differences among biomes when compared to the two aforementioned sources. Amazonia was responsible for 65% to 80% of all emissions domestic during the studied period. Considering these reductions and the commitments assumed by Brazil (43% reduction in emissions by 2030), the country is expected to reach its goal and contribute to the Paris Agreement. All three analyzed data sources reported estimates for CO 2 emissions with differences of up to 18%. The Amazon biome contributed the most to emissions over the studied period, regardless of the source. All analyzed reports displayed reductions in LUC CO 2 emissions in Brazil for the last few years of analysis. These results indicate the possibility of Brazil fulfilling the commitments established by the Paris Agreement. The main differences among the methodologies analyzed are due to the vegetation cover mapping approaches.
Four Decades of Household Food Purchases: Changes in Inequalities of Nutritional Quality in France, 1971-2010

[eng] Socioeconomic inequalities affect all areas of consumption. Disparities in food consumption have nutritional consequences that may contribute to social inequalities in health. Drawing on 40 years of representative data at the household level (1971-2010), this paper examines changes in the major food groups and nutritional quality in at-home consumption by income and education. In a global trend of improving nutritional quality over the period, the study provides evidence of a positive trend for all income quartiles and for four levels of education. Inequalities were significant at the beginning of the period but on the decline in the 2000s: they were very pronounced between education levels in the 1970s but appear to be on the verge of disappearing by 2010; according to income level, they were limited and on the decline until 2010, but still persist.
The Motivating and Constraining Factors of Congressional Court-Curbing

One of the ways the U.S. Congress attempts to constrain the Supreme Court’s decision-making is through the introduction of Court-curbing legislation, or bills that seek to limit judicial power. Since the bills are rarely enacted, they are typically considered position-taking endeavors that members point to as evidence of their responsiveness to constituent concerns and public opinion. However, there is a link between the introduction of Court-curbing bills and ideological disagreement with the Court. An underexplored research question in Court-Congress relations is why Congress responds to ideologically adverse decisions with Court-curbing legislation instead of other types of responses, such as override legislation. Of further interest is when the bills are position-taking endeavors or strategic attempts to shape public policy and influence the ideological content of judicial decisions. Accordingly, this study analyzes the introduction of Court-curbing legislation by Congress at both the institutional and individual member levels from 1975-2008 (94 th -110 th Congresses). Using Poisson and logistic regression analysis, the study first tests if ideological disagreement with judicial decisions and institutional conditions restricting the legislature’s ability to override decisions—specifically legislative gridlock—influence if and how many Court-curbing bills are introduced by Congress and individual members to pursue policy preferences. Second, the models are re-estimated to test the conclusions of recent case studies that the content of Court-curbing legislation changes based on whether members are positiontaking or pursuing policy preferences.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR): expanding indications to low-risk patients

Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common cardiac valve disease in developed countries. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for the treatment of severe symptomatic AS is an accepted therapy option for elderly patients with symptomatic severe AS. Nowadays, TAVR has revolutionized the treatment of AS with an exponential growth worldwide. Both the development of new generation valves and the experience of the operating teams have contributed significantly to decrease the complications rate after TAVR. Several randomized trials have reported similar short- and mid-term results, and even better than surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients with high- or intermediate-risk. In addition, two comparison trials in low-risk patients have reported promising results. Therefore, in the future TAVR indications will expand, treating younger and younger patients, with less comorbidities and lower risk. However, the long-term durability of percutaneous prostheses is a matter of debate. The aim of this manuscript is to review available data that support to treat AS in low-risk patients and provide our perspective on the topic.
Impact of Customer Orientation and Quality of Service on Trust and Customer Loyalty

Improving the quality of the interrelation among banks and customers can encourage customer loyalty. The study aims to explore the relationship between customer orientation, service quality, customer trust and loyalty. This study used causality research which explained the causal relationship between research variables. The questionnaire was distributed to respondents who were customers in Palembang with a purposive sampling method. Data analysis was carried out by testing the construct validity and reliability. Path analysis using SPSS version 22.00 is used as a data analysis tool. The research findings explain that orientation of customer is significantly and positively related to trust. Quality of service is significantly and positively related to trust. Then, trust is significantly and positively related to loyalty. The results of this study could be a reference for bank managers to remain committed to providing services to customers.
Do the Market Analysts’ Earnings Forecast Errors Matter with Earnings Management in the U.S. Banking Industry?

A number of past studies focus on the relationship between earnings management and meeting or beating analysts’ forecasts. As Payne and Robb (2000) put it in the Wall Street Journal: “While the problem of earnings manipulation is not new, it has swelled in a market that is unforgiving of companies that miss their estimates. , that failed to meet its so-called “numbers” by one penny, and lost more than six percent of its stock value in one day. ” The evidence that stock markets will negatively respond to news of those firms unable to meet analysts’ forecasts is widely supported (Brown 1993; Skinner and Sloan 2002; Kinney, Burgstahler and Martin 2002). Based on this, firms have motivations to manage earnings to meet analysts’ forecasts to avoid market penalties (Burgstahler and Eames 2006; Degeorge, Patel and Zeckhauser 1999; Payne and Robb 2000; Robb 1998). These studies, however, have their limitations based on the following points of view. Firstly, these studies make no clear distinction between ex ante and ex post reported earnings that deviate from the analysts’ forecasts in examining the issue (Burgstahler and Eames 2006; Dreman and Berry 1995; Brown 1993; Payne and Robb 2000; Matsumoto 2002). As a matter of fact, observing the degree to which ex ante earnings deviate from market expectations is the real reason for inducing earnings management. Then, the result of beating market expectations (i.e., posting reported earnings as being equal to or higher than analysts’ forecasts) should be achieved as a result. Secondly, most research on the issue of beating market expectations as an incentive to motivate firms to engage in earnings management mainly focuses on non-financial industries. We argue that this phenomenon will also exist in the banking industry – a regulated industry. Accordingly, by using data for 107 U.S. commercial banks during the period 2001 to 2004, we adopt a logit model to examine whether banks have incentives to manage earnings upward to meet market analysts’ earnings forecasts.
Towards Measuring the Severity of Depression in Social Media via Text Classification

Psychologists have used tests or carefully designed survey questions, such as Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), to identify the presence of depression and to assess its severity level. On the other hand, methods for automatic depression detection have gained increasing interest since all the information available in social media, such as Twitter and Facebook, enables novel measurement based on language use. These methods learn to characterize depression through natural language use and have shown that, in fact, language usage can provide strong evidence in detecting depressive people. However, not much attention has been paid to measuring ﬁner grain relationships between both aspects, such as how is connected the language usage with the severity level of depression. The present study is a ﬁrst step towards that direction. First, we train a binary text classiﬁer to detect “depressed” users and then we use its conﬁdence values to estimate the user’s clinical depression level. In order to do that, our system has to ﬁll the standard BDI depression questionnaire on users’ behalf, based only on the text of users’ postings. Our proposal, publicly tested in the eRisk 2019 T3 task, obtained promising results. This oﬀers very interesting evidence of the potential of our method to estimate the level of depression directly form user’s posts in social media.
Effects of Drought Stress on Growth and Accumulation of Proline in Five Rice Varieties (Oryza Sativa L.)

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of drought stress on growth and accumulation of proline in five rice varieties namely BRRI dhan-30, BRRI dhan-32, BRRI dhan-34, BRRI dhan-38 and BRRI dhan-56 and to characterize them on the basis of their behavior of drought tolerance. Drought stress caused the decrease of growth like root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, the ratio of root-shoot length. Among the rice varieties, BRRI dhan-56 showed the lowest decrease of growth of plant. BRRI dhan-56 showed the least decrease of water content in both root and shoot. On the other hand, the accumulation of proline was increased in five rice varieties under stress. BRRI dhan-56 showed the highest (3.7folds) increase in the accumulation of proline in leaf under stress. This study suggests that BRRI dhan-56 may possess drought tolerance characteristics while BRRI dhan-30, BRRI dhan-32, BRRI dhan-34 and BRRI dhan-38 may be drought sensitive based on their growth and proline accumulation behavior.
Vortex-induced vibration of elastically connected multiple circular cylinders in a side-by-side arrangement in steady flow

Article history Received: 2 December 2019 Accepted: 27 December 2019 Published Online: 31 December 2019 Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of multiple circular cylinders elastically connected together in a side-by-side arrangement subject to steady flow is investigated numerically at a low Reynolds number of 150 and a mass ratio of 2. Simulations are conducted for two-, fiveand ten-cylinder systems over a wide range of reduced velocities. The aim of the study is to identify the high-amplitude response range of the reduced velocity for the multiple degree of freedom vibration system and identify the difference between the responses of the singleand multiple-degree-of-freedom vibrations. Unlike the single cylinder case, distinct lock-in between the response frequency and any of the structural natural frequencies in a wide range of reduced velocity is not observed in the multiple-cylinder cases. Instead, the response frequency increases continuously with increasing reduced velocity. High response amplitudes are found when the response frequency is between the first and the highest modal frequencies. In a multiple-cylinder system, the single-mode response, where the vibration is dominated by one mode, can be only found in low reduced velocity range. In the single-mode branch, the dominance of a single mode shape in the response can be clearly identified except at the boundary reduced velocity between two modes. The maximum response amplitude occurs in the multiple-mode response and interaction between the vortices in the wake of the cylinders is strong when the response amplitudes are high.
Population structure of Geodorum densiflorum (Orchidaceae) in relation to habitat disturbance and vegetation characteristics

Nurfadilah S. 2020. Population structure of Geodorum densiflorum (Orchidaceae) in relation to habitat disturbance and vegetation characteristics. Biodiversitas 21: 1422-1431. Habitat disturbance can have large impacts on the persistence, survival, and growth of plant populations, particularly for orchids, one of the most threatened plant families. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of habitat disturbance on the population of a terrestrial orchid, Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr, in terms of its population structure which is important in determining population viability for the species survival. The species occurred in three habitat types (disturbed habitat i.e. totally converted habitat into cananga plantation, burnt habitat, and undisturbed habitat). Plots of 2 m x 2 m were established in these three habitat types and the population structure of G. densiflorum in these three habitat types was analyzed. After analysis, three population types could be distinguished (i) 'regressive population' in disturbed habitat characterized by the absence of seedlings and dominated by generative adults, (ii) 'dynamic population' in burnt habitat characterized by a large proportion of young individuals (seedlings and juveniles) relative to the adults, and (iii) 'normal population' in undisturbed habitat characterized by the prevalence of adults but a small proportion of young individuals. The variation in the population structure of G. densiflorum appears to be related to the difference in vegetation characteristics of the three habitat types. The absence of seedlings of G. densiflorum in disturbed habitat was related to the grasses dominating vegetation that could inhibit seedling recruitment of G. densiflorum. Grasses were absent and hardly occurred in burnt habitat and undisturbed habitat allowing seedling recruitments of G. densiflorum in these habitat types. The highest seedling proportion and density of G. densiflorum were observed in burnt habitat as burning can remove aboveground biomass and reduce competition with surrounding vegetation providing safe microsites for seedling establishment and recruitment. The present study has implication in the orchid conservation and provide recommendation for the orchid conservation (i) to avoid totally converted habitat as it had consequences on the absence of seedling recruitment (ii) to perform mowing and managed burning to increase seedling recruitment of G. densiflorum which is important for population enlargement, persistence, and survival.