Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lessons Learned from Case Studies of Six High-Performance Buildings

Commercial buildings have a significant impact on energy use and the environment. They account for approximately 18% (17.9 quads) of the total primary energy consumption in the United States (DOE 2005). The energy used by the building sector continues to increase, primarily because new buildings are added to the national building stock faster than old buildings are retired. Energy consumption by commercial buildings will continue to increase until buildings can be designed to produce more energy than they consume. As a result, the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Building Technologies Program has established a goal to create the technology and knowledge base for marketable zero-energy commercial buildings (ZEBs) by 2025.
Räumliche und zeitliche Variabilität des mineralischenBodenstickstoffs unter Mähstandweiden mit Mutterkühen

Durch verminderte Bewirtschaftungsintensitat ist das Risiko von N-Verlusten auf Weiden offenbar deutlich zu verringern. Im Fall von Mahstandweiden kann jedoch ein raumlich stark differenzierter Nahrstoffruckfluss uber Exkremente auch bei extensiver Bewirtschaftung ein hoheres Verlustrisiko bedingen. In einem Versuch mit Mutterkuhen auf einer Mahstandweide wurde die Variabilitat des mineralischen Bodenstickstoffs in Abhangigkeit unterschiedlicher Bewirtschaftungsintensitat (a1: 1,1 GV ha–1 keine N-Dungung, a2: 1,8 GV ha–1 120 kg N ha–1, beide Stufen: Nachsaat mit Lolium perenne und Trifolium repens und PK-Dungung nach Bodenuntersuchung) und Weidebereiche zwischen und innerhalb von Teilbereichen der Weide untersucht und die N-Verlagerung geschatzt und bewertet. Das Merkmal Nmin-Menge im Boden war durch den Faktor Weidebereich und auf der Stufe Trankeflache von der Bewirtschaftungsintensitat beeinflusst. Unter den Trankeflachen wurden 4–6fach hohere Nmin-Mengen erfasst als unter den Graseflachen. In der winterlichen Sickerperiode kam es unter den Trankeflachen zu einer Nitrat-Verlagerung in die Schicht 60–90 cm. Die Werte stiegen von 2–3 g m–2 im November auf ca. 10 g m–2 im April. Nahrstoffverlagerungen konnten bis 2,5 m Bodentiefe festgestellt werden. Neben der grosraumigen Variabilitat (Tranke, Graseflache) war eine hohe Variabilitat kleinraumig innerhalb der Trankeflachen und auf den Graseflachen gegeben. Unter den Graseflachen konnte bei einer intensiven Beprobung (160 Proben 40 m–2) der Schicht 0–10 cm bis zu 4 Proben mit 7–10 g m–2 Nmin gefunden werden. Diese Werte entsprechen denen alterer Harnstellen und ergeben eine Harnstellendichte von (0,1 St. m–2).
Nursing plants in peatland restoration : on their potential use to alleviate frost heaving problems

Peatland restoration measures usually require the rewetting of the disturbed ecosystem. In northern latitudes, the increase in wetness of the bare peat substrate causes frost heaving. In this paper, we described the problem of frost heaving in cutover peatlands and an array of means whereby it can be diminished. Several avenues of research should be pursued with the use of nursing plants to reduce frost heaving and promote Sphagnum establishment and growth. For large scale restoration of peatland ecosystems, Polytrichum strictum appears to be a good potential nursing plant to Sphagnum. However the importance of competition between polytric and Sphagnum is unknown and we do not know under which conditions the association is beneficial or not.
Photonic integrated circuits for optical logic applications

The optical logic unit cell is the photonic analog to transistor-transistor logic in electronic devices. Active devices such as InP-based semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) emitting at 1550 nm are vertically integrated with passive waveguides using the asymmetric twin waveguide technique and the SOAs are placed in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) configuration. By sending in high-intensity pulses, the gain characteristics, phase-shifting, and refractive indices of the SOA can be altered, creating constructive or deconstructive interference at the MZI output. Boolean logic and wavelength conversion can be achieved using this technique, building blocks for optical switching and signal regeneration. The fabrication of these devices is complex and the fabrication of two generations of devices is described in this thesis, including optimization of the mask design, photolithography, etching, and backside processing techniques. Testing and characterization of the active and passive components is also reported, confirming gain and emission at 1550 nm for the SOAs, as well as verifying evanescent coupling between the active and passive waveguides. In addition to the vertical integration of photonic waveguides, Esaki tunnel junctions are investigated for vertical electronic integration. Quantum dot formation and growth via molecular beam epitaxy is investigated for emission at the technologically important wavelength of 1310 nm. The effect of indium incorporation on tunnel junctions is investigated. The tunnel junctions are used to epitaxially link multiple quantum dot active regions in series and lasers are designed, fabricated, and tested. Thesis Supervisor: Leslie A. Kolodziejski Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering
A review of biofilms in domestic plumbing

Several factors have been shown to favor biofilm formation in water distribution systems, including the capability of bacteria to resist disinfectants, improper use of disinfectants, the nature and concentration of biodegradable substances, temperature, and plumbing materials. To date, most research relating to drinking water biofilms has focused on the materials that make up the distribution system before water enters the consumers— plumbing systems. However, drinking water should also meet the necessary quality requirements at the point of consumption even though domestic plumbing systems are usually not constructed from the same materials that are used to construct distribution systems. This article provides a review of the current literature related to the analysis of biofilms found or produced in domestic plumbing systems and highlights the microorganisms identified as well as causes and strategies for control.
A TEMPORAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE BUTTERFLY KICK PLACEMENT FOLLOWING A BREASTSTROKE START AND TURN.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether an early or late placement of the butterfly kick during the arm pull-down is more effective in terms of breaststroke start and turn performance between female and male swimmers. Overall the timing of the kick placement does not appear to influence the effectiveness of the underwater phase following a breaststroke start or turn. Therefore the style selected by swimmers may be as a result of individual preference. Females overall start performance was improved by using an early placement.
Analisis kinerja surat berharga setelah penawaran perdana (IPO) di Indonesia

Numerous studies examined the performance of initial public offerings in some countries. The studies documented two phenomenon: short-run underpricing and long-run underperformance. The purpose of this study is to investigate stocks performance after Initial Public Offerings (IPO) in Indonesia. Monthly abnormal return was used as a proxy for performance using Market-Adjusted Model. The short term performance is based on the 3 months performance and the long-term performance is based on 24 months. The number of the sample is 78 company that issued IPO in 1994 – 1997. Results from one sample t-test show that in the short run there are large positive mean and median excess returns of 39.07 percent and 21.04 percent respectively. The long run mean abnormal return was dropped until –238.83 percent and –243.22 percent respectively for stocks that were bought in the initial market and in the aftermarket. This result is consistent with studies in numerous countries. In the long run, the performance was underperformed. Result from paired comparison t-test confirms that in the long run the performance was worse (underperformed) than in the short run.
Outcomes of cardiac resynchronisation therapy in patients with heart failure with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Background Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is beneficial in selected patients with heart failure (HF) in normal sinus rhythm (NSR). We sought to evaluate the impact of CRT with or without atrioventricular junction (AVJ) ablation in patients with HF with concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) Methods and results Literature was searched (inception through 30 August 2017) for observational studies that reported outcomes in patients with HF with CRT and AF that reported all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Thirty-one studies with 83, 571 patients were included. CRT did not decrease mortality compared with internal cardioverter defibrillator or medical therapy alone in patients with HF and AF with indications for CRT (OR: 0.851, 95% CI 0.616 to 1.176, p=0.328, I2=86.954). CRT-AF patients had significantly higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality than CRT-NSR patients ([OR: 1.472, 95% CI 1.301 to 1.664, p=0.000] and [OR: 1.857, 95% CI 1.350 to 2.554, p=0.000] respectively). Change in left ventricular ejection fraction was not different between CRT patients with and without AF (p=0.705). AVJ ablation, however, improved all-cause mortality in CRT-AF patients when compared with CRT-AF patients without AVJ ablation (OR: 0.485, 95% CI 0.247 to 0.952, p=0.035). With AVJ ablation, there was no difference in all-cause mortality in CRT-AF patients compared with CRT-NSR patients (OR: 1.245, 95% CI 0.914 to 1.696, p=0.165). Conclusion The results of our meta-analysis suggest that AF was associated with decreased CRT benefits in patients with HF. CRT, however, benefits patients with AF with AVJ ablation.
Construction industry and women: a review of the barriers

The UK construction industry has a particularly low participation rate for women. Currently there are over 11 million women employed in the UK, accounting for almost 50% of the work force. However, despite increases in the number of women employed in the construction over the past decade, they still constitute only 9% of the work force. This means that the construction industry will continue to be male dominated. It is found that women are confronted by a significant number of barriers, beginning with difficulties in joining the field of construction through to capturing the most senior position in the organisation’s hierarchy. In this context , this paper presents a review of the literature on the current status of women in the construction; in particular, it discusses the barriers which prevent women’s entry and retention in the construction industry.
Male-Biased In-water Population of Loggerhead Turtle (Caretta caretta) in Dalyan, Turkey as a Possible Important Marine Turtle Area in the Mediterranean

In this study, we present the first in-water monitoring results of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in Köyceğiz-Dalyan specially protected area (SPA), Turkey. The capture-mark-recapture (CMR) study encompassed a total of 113 capture events of 88 individuals across two sampling years. The majority of the population was adults (88.6%) with a highly male-biased (70.5%) sex ratio. Our results indicate that some of the overwintering individuals also contribute to the nesting population in the region. Biometric characteristics of captured individuals were also presented. Additionally, we found the population to be under heavy anthropogenic threats with 54.5% of the captured individuals exhibiting results of previous anthropogenically caused injuries. Our results suggest that Köyceğiz-Dalyan SPA is an important overwintering and foraging area for loggerhead turtles, which is currently an indexed nesting site for loggerhead turtles in the Mediterranean. Given the possible feminization effects of climate change on future marine turtle populations, the male-biased population in the study area is of the greatest importance, and together with having an indexed nesting site, the area should therefore be regarded as an important marine turtle area.
Incubator, technology, and innovation centres in Switzerland: features and policy implications

Only since the early 1990s, when unemployment rates in Switzerland soared to unprecedented levels, has federal technology and innovation policy begun to design their activities with regard to employment and the establishment of new firms. Now, all across the country, private as well as public incubator facilities, technology and innovation centres have begun to spring up. This paper starts by describing the theoretical and methodological background of a survey of incubator, technology and innovation (ITI) centres. In a first step, all cantonal offices for economic promotion were asked to report and to describe incubator facilities, technology and innovation centres within their realm. In a second step a selection of centres were analysed in depth. The key findings are that: (1) ITI centres are most commonly established by a combination of public and private initiatives; (2) the main motive for the creation of ITI centres is to promote startups and the innovative potential; (3) most ITI centres offer space to rent and make available joint amenities; (4) ITI centres are predominantly in manufacturing, services, and development activities; their level of technology input is high or very high; and (5) the spatial reach of most of the ITI centre is on the region. Together with selected foreign experiences, some conclusions and recommendations for the operation of such centres are formulated.
Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Berbasis Kompetensi di Kantor Pemerintah Kota Bandar Lampung

Competence is one of the key variables that determine the performance of an employee. This study aims to provide an overview of competency-based human resource development in the Office of the City of Bandar Lampung. The method used is descriptive with inductive approach. Data collection is done by observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed qualitatively namely through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that the competency-based human resource development in the Office of the City of Bandar Lampung not achieve optimal results. This is shown by the results of performance appraisal that does not reflect the actual achievement of an employee. Factors that cause less successful efforts of competency-based human resource development is due to the low culture of learning and development practices that do not associate the results of planning activities, training, assessment, and job-oriented competence development
Effect of antenatal maternal anxiety on the reactivity of fetal cerebral circulation to auditory stimulation, and early child development

Introduction/Objective. Antenatal maternal anxiety (AMA) can have negative impact on a child? s preand postnatal development. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of AMA on changes in fetal blood flow through the middle cerebral artery (MCA) after acoustic stimulation, on birth outcome, and on early child development. Methods. Forty-three women in the third trimester of pregnancy and their children were enrolled into a longitudinal prospective study. The AMA (state and trait) was assessed using Spielberger? s questionnaire. The MCA blood flow was assessed using Doppler ultrasound before and after the defined acoustic stimulus. The data regarding neonatal body weight, Apgar score, first step and word appearance, estimated speech? language (ESLD), sensory-motor (ESMD), and social-emotional (ESED) development at the age of three were collected. Results. Fetuses from mothers with high state and trait anxiety had slower reaction time and higher relative pulsatility index after defined auditory stimulation. There are more preterm deliveries, lower scores on ESLD, ESMD, and ESED in mothers with high State-Trait Anxiety Inventory personality trait (STAI-T) compared to low. There is a negative correlation between reaction time, relative pulsatility index, STAI-T and ESLD. Conclusions. High levels of antenatal maternal trait anxiety could have a negative effect on both fetal reactivity to sound stimulation and early child development.
A Method of Identifying Supersonic Projectiles Using Acoustic Signatures.

Abstract : There was a need to investigate the feasibility of attaching a device to the existing Remote Equipment Target System (RETS) such that RETS would be able to identify the type of projectile that struck the target. A concept was developed to identify projectiles acoustically by measuring some characteristics of N-Wave produced from the projectile's sonic boom. High fidelity microphones were positioned to provide N-Wave profiles. The distance between the sonic boom's source and the microphone was the most important parameter. An array of six low-fidelity microphones was used to locate the projectile location. By utilizing the sonic boom arrival times and knowledge of the spatial locations of the low-fidelity microphones, the location of the projectile relative to the high-fidelity microphones was determined. The concept development was broken into three phases - feasibility, data collection, and finally validation and verification of the concept's functionality. A prototype unit called a Round Discrimination System (RDS) was fabricated and field tested in the validation verification phase. The RDS unit was transported to the 7th ATC in Germany for a demonstration. This report provides details of each phase of the development program and the results of the onsite demo in Germany.
Platform scams: Brazilian workers’ experiences of dishonest and uncertain algorithmic management

This article discusses how Brazilian platform workers experience and respond to platform scams through three case studies. Drawing from digital ethnographic research, vlogs/interviews of workers, and literature review, we argue for a conceptualization of “platform scam” that focuses on multiple forms of platform dishonesty and uncertainty. We characterize scam as a structuring element of the algorithmic management enacted by platform labor. The first case engages with when platforms scam workers by discussing Uber drivers’ experiences with the illusive surge pricing. The second case discusses when workers (have to) scam platforms by focusing on Amazon Mechanical Turk microworkers’ experiences with faking their identities. The third case presents when platforms lead workers to scam third parties, by engaging with how Brazilian click farm platforms’ workers use bots/fake accounts to engage with social media. Our focus on “platform scams” thus highlights the particular dimensions of faking, fraud, and deception operating in platform labor. This notion of platform scam expands and complexifies the understanding of scam within platform labor studies. Departing from workers’ experiences, we engage with the asymmetries and unequal power relations present in the algorithmic management of labor.
Aquatic Biological Diversity Responses to Flood Disturbance and Forest Management in Small, Forested Watersheds

We examined riparian system responses to an extreme rainfall event on 1–4 December 2007, in eleven small watersheds (mean area—13.2 km2) from 2008–2016 at debris flow, high flood, and low flood reaches (all extended overbank flows). Macroinvertebrate responses followed expected outcomes after extreme disturbance including increasing chironomids and other multi-voltine species. A core assemblage of twenty abundant and common species-maintained populations even after debris flow (likely by recolonizing quickly) with total richness during project of 253 including 183 rare species (<0.01 total abundance) supporting an annual turnover of species from 22 to 33%. Primary disturbance changes to habitat were declines in shade and in-channel wood at all reaches, more strongly at debris flow reaches. Macroinvertebrate communities across disturbance intensities became increasingly similar after the storm. Combined effects of the flood reducing channel complexity and previous logging decreasing in-channel wood recruitment from riparian systems, limits habitat complexity. Until this feature of forested watershed streams returns, there appears to be a ceiling on reach scale aquatic biological diversity.
TCP Selective Acknowledgement Options

TCP may experience poor performance when multiple packets are lost from one window of data. With the limited information available from cumulative acknowledgments, a TCP sender can only learn about a single lost packet per round trip time. An aggressive sender could choose to retransmit packets early, but such retransmitted segments may have already been successfully received.
Epistemic cultures : how the sciences make knowledge

A Note on Transcription 1. Introduction 1.1. The Disunity of the Sciences 1.2. The Cultures of Knowledge Societies 1.3. Culture and Practice 1.4. The Structure of the Book 1.5. Physics Theory, and a First Look at the Field 1.6. Issues of Methodology, and More about the Field 2. What is a Laboratory? 2.1. Laboratories as Reconfigurations of Natural and Social Orders 2.2. From Laboratory to Experiment 2.3. Some Features of the Laboratory Reconsidered 3. Particle Physics and Negative Knowledge 3.1. The Analogy of the Closed Universe 3.2. A World of Signs and Secondary Appearances 3.3. The"Meaninglessness" of Measurement 3.4. The Structure of the Care of the Self 3.5. Negative Knowledge and the Liminal Approach 3.6. Moving in a Closed Universe: Unfolding, Framing, and Convoluting 4. Molecular Biology and Blind Variation 4.1. An Object-Oriented Epistemics 4.2. The Small-Science Style of Molecular Biology and the Genome Project 4.3. The Laboratory as a Two-Tier Structure 4.4. "Blind" Variation and Natural Selection 4.5. The Experiential Register 4.6. Blind Variation Reconsidered 5. From Machines to Organisms: Detectors as Behavioral and Social Beings 5.1. Primitive Classifications 5.2. Detector Agency and Physiology 5.3. Detectors as Moral and Social Individuals 5.4. Live Organism or Machine? 5.5. Are There Enemies? 5.6. Physicists as Symbionts 5.7. Taxonomies of Trust 5.8. Primitive Classifications Reconsidered 6. From Organisms to Machines: Laboratories as Factories of Transgenics 6.1. A Science of Life without Nature? 6.2. Organisms as Production Sites 6.3. Cellular Machines 6.4. Industrial Production versus Natural (Re)production 6.5. Biological Machines Reconsidered 7. HEP Experiments as Post-Traditional Communitarian Structures 7.1. Large Collaborations: A Brief History 7.2. The Erasure of the Individual as an Epistemic Subject 7.3. Management by Content 7.4. The Intersection of Management by Content and Communitarianism 7.5. Communitarian Time: Genealogical, Scheduled 8. The Multiple Ordering Frameworks of HEP Collaborations 8.1. The Birth Drama of an Experiment 8.2. Delaying the Choice, or Contests of Unfolding 8.3. Confidence Pathways and Gossip Circles 8.4. Other Ordering Frameworks 8.5. Reconfiguration Reconsidered 9. The Dual Organization of Molecular Biology Laboratories 9.1. Laboratories Structured as Individuated Units 9.2. Becoming a Laboratory Leader 9.3. The Two Levels of the Laboratory 9.4. The"Impossibility" of Cooperation in Molecular Biology 10. Toward an Understanding of Knowledge Societies: A Dialogue Notes References Index