Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery in mammals: a targeted‐gene approach

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have rarely been exploited in nonhuman and nonmodel organism genetic studies. This is due partly to difficulties in finding SNPs in species where little DNA sequence data exist, as well as to a lack of robust and inexpensive genotyping methods. We have explored one SNP discovery method for molecular ecology, evolution, and conservation studies to evaluate the method and its limitations for population genetics in mammals. We made use of ‘CATS’ (or ‘EPIC’) primers to screen for novel SNPs in mammals. Most of these primer sets were designed from primates and/or rodents, for amplifying intron regions from conserved genes. We have screened 202 loci in 16 representatives of the major mammalian clades. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) success correlated with phylogenetic distance from the human and mouse sequences used to design most primers; for example, specific PCR products from primates and the mouse amplified the most consistently and the marsupial and armadillo amplifications were least successful. Approximately 24% (opossum) to 65% (chimpanzee) of primers produced usable PCR product(s) in the mammals tested. Products produced generally high but variable levels of readable sequence and similarity to the expected genes. In a preliminary screen of chimpanzee DNA, 12 SNPs were identified from six (of 11) sequenced regions, yielding a SNP on average every 400 base pairs (bp). Given the progress in genome sequencing, and the large numbers of CATS‐like primers published to date, this approach may yield sufficient SNPs per species for population and conservation genetic studies in nonmodel mammals and other organisms.
Human-AI teaming: leveraging transactive memory and speaking up for enhanced team effectiveness

In this prospective observational study, we investigate the role of transactive memory and speaking up in human-AI teams comprising 180 intensive care (ICU) physicians and nurses working with AI in a simulated clinical environment. Our findings indicate that interactions with AI agents differ significantly from human interactions, as accessing information from AI agents is positively linked to a team’s ability to generate novel hypotheses and demonstrate speaking-up behavior, but only in higher-performing teams. Conversely, accessing information from human team members is negatively associated with these aspects, regardless of team performance. This study is a valuable contribution to the expanding field of research on human-AI teams and team science in general, as it emphasizes the necessity of incorporating AI agents as knowledge sources in a team’s transactive memory system, as well as highlighting their role as catalysts for speaking up. Practical implications include suggestions for the design of future AI systems and human-AI team training in healthcare and beyond.
Heavy Metal Content of Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) in Green Mussels (Perna viridis) and Sediments of Sawojajar Waters, Brebes

Green mussel (Perna viridis) is one of the spesies in Bivalve class which filter the food particles from their surroundings. As filter feeder, it captured anything including plankton, detritus, and even heavy metals. Heavy metals content in green mussels could become dangerous due to the bioaccumulation process. This research aimed to determine the levels of heavy metals Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) not only in the tissues of green mussels but also in the sediments of Sawojajar waters, Brebes; current study also determined the feasibility of green mussels for consumption in the perspective of food safety. The method used in this research was a field survey method which conducted in June 2022. The analysis method used AAS refers to the American Public Health Association (APHA) with laboratory tests conducted at the Productivity and Aquatic Environment Laboratory of IPB. The results showed that the content of heavy metal Cd in green mussel samples was at 0.19 mg.kg-1 which was meet the threshold concentration. Whereas, the heavy metal Cr in green mussels’ tissue exceeded the threshold of chromium concentration at 0.21 mg.kg-1. In addition, the heavy metal content of Cd and Cr in sediment were still meet the threshold concentration at 3.2 mg.kg-1 and 0.13 mg.kg-1 respectively. In terms of food safety, the EDI (Estiate Daily Intake) value based on the results of heavy metals Cd and Cr concentrations was 0.11 and 0.13 µg. kg-1.day-1 respectively. The result indicated that these heavy metals concentration had low risk in causing health issue. In the same way, the target hazard value (THQ) of Cd and Cr were not exceeded the RfD (Reference Dose) at 0.109 and 0.036 respectively. These value of THQ for both Cd and Cr indicated low risk in causing cancer and the green mussels are meet the food safety standard
On locally essentially bounded divergence measure fields and sets of locally finite perimeter

Abstract Chen, Torres and Ziemer ([9], 2009) proved the validity of generalized Gauss–Green formulas and obtained the existence of interior and exterior normal traces for essentially bounded divergence measure fields on sets of finite perimeter using an approximation theory through sets with a smooth boundary. However, it is known that the proof of a crucial approximation lemma contained a gap. Taking inspiration from a previous work of Chen and Torres ([7], 2005) and exploiting ideas of Vol’pert ([29], 1985) for essentially bounded fields with components of bounded variation, we present here a direct proof of generalized Gauss–Green formulas for essentially bounded divergence measure fields on sets of finite perimeter which includes the existence and essential boundedness of the normal traces. Our approach appears to be simpler since it does not require any special approximation theory for the domains and it relies only on the Leibniz rule for divergence measure fields. This freedom allows one to localize the constructions and to derive more general statements in a natural way.
Application of H/ᾱ Decomposition to Limited and Dual-Polarimetric 3D SAR Data of Civilian Vehicles

This paper investigates the feasibility of scattering mechanism identification from limited synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for civilian vehicles. Wide-angle 3D SAR imaging is considered with limitations in both frequency/look-angle and polarization samples. Accordingly, the two main problems, namely, sparse reconstruction of wide-angle data and identification of scattering mechanisms using two polarization channels, are jointly addressed. A methodology involving compressed-sensing (CS) imaging, processing of sub-aperture images, and application of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H/\bar {\alpha }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> decomposition to the dual-circular polarization (DCP) mode is proposed. The 2D and 3D maps of entropy <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(H)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and alpha-angle <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\bar {\alpha })$ </tex-math></inline-formula> parameters and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H/\bar {\alpha }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> classification results are evaluated by using simulation and the real GOTCHA dataset. The approach is tested with a complementary situation that consists of back-projection (BP) imaging of complete data plus decomposition of full-polarimetric (FP) data. A good correlation between full-available and most-limited cases, i.e., BP-FP vs. CS-DCP, is observed especially for the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\bar {\alpha }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> signatures. The results indicate a reasonably accurate retrieval of canonical mechanisms from a very small subset, i.e., about 0.23% of the total samples of each DCP channel.
Modeling Surfzone/Inner-shelf Exchange

Abstract : The time-scales exchange of the processes in the surfzone ( 10 min) and inner-shelf (hours+) are quite different. The interaction of these processes governs this exchange, and depends on the waves, wind, tide, and stratification. To study exchange between the surfzone and inner-shelf, the specific objectives are to: 1. Develop a model appropriate for studying surfzone/inner-shelf exchange by coupling the wave-resolving surfzone model funwaveC and ROMS. funwaveC has been validated for surfzone waves, currents, drifter and tracer dispersion, and runup. Finite-crest length wave breaking is incorporated into the model and thus it resolves rip current forcing mechanisms. The wave-averaged ROMS model (appropriate for the inner-shelf and some surfzone applications) incorporates all the inner-shelf exchange mechanisms, including those that are wave-induced. Two potential coupling paths will be explored. 2. Test and calibrate the model with coupled surfzone & inner-shelf observations from the ONR funded HB06 & IB09 experiments led by the PI. Both experiments had significant surfzone and inner-shelf dye, temperature, wave, current, and turbulence observations with which to compare to the coupled surfzone-inner shelf model. The observations of dye, temperature, and current vertical structure from the outer surfzone to inner-shelf will provide a challenging test for the model. 3. Use the model to diagnose mechanisms of tracer exchange and determine their importance given different incident wave, wind, stratification, tide, and coriolis conditions that would be appropriate for various regions in the world of interest to the Navy. This work will quantitatively improve out ability to make predictions of the fate of pollutants and contaminants, in addition to other tracers, in the nearshore region.
The effects of body dissatisfaction and depression levels on the dietary habits of university students in southern China during COVID-19

Introduction The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 has impacted people’s lives greatly. The spread of the pandemic has restricted many everyday social lives. Some studies have shown that strict risk control during the pandemic threatens people’s mental health and eating habits. University students vulnerable to mental health problems may have more prominent mental health and eating disorders during the pandemic. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between body dissatisfaction, depression, body mass index, and emotional eating among university students in the context of the pandemic in southern China. It provides a theoretical basis for developing future approaches to improve depression and emotional eating among university students. Methods A total of 1,135 university students were recruited for the study. All participants completed anthropometric, body dissatisfaction, eating behavior, and depression level surveys. Results The study finds that female students have higher levels of body dissatisfaction, depression, and emotional eating than male students. University students in the high body dissatisfaction group had higher levels of depression. Depression level (β = 0.33, p < 0.01), body dissatisfaction (β = 0.22, p < 0.01), sex (β = 0.16, p < 0.01), and income (β = 0.06, p < 0.01) were significant predictors of emotional eating. Fundamentally, this study highlights the impact of body dissatisfaction on depression and emotional eating. Discussion The potential to improve depression and emotional eating among university students by improving their levels of body dissatisfaction was demonstrated.
Optimizing handball-specific means to achieve the objectives of physical education and school sports at the 8th grade level

Allocating short time to physical education classes in the curriculum, 2 hours per week, for students who do not have inclination and skills, and the short time given covers in a small way the accomplishment of physiological and psychomotor effects, which are necessary for students during school, because they are in a period of growth which extends throughout life. This research, which took place all through the school year during Physical Education and sports classes, shows the increase in motor and somatic indices, which confirms that the proposed means are effective and have led to an optimal development of students who were part of this experiment. Within research, the objectives of physical education are achieved through high indices of physical and motor development, the implementation of a wide range of basic and specific handball skills, the establishment of the habit of practicing physical exercises in students' spare time, the acquisition of new knowledge related to the organization and the progress of the game.
Magnetic signatures of plasma interaction and induction at Callisto: The Galileo C21, C22, C23, and C30 flybys

We apply a combination of analytical modeling, hybrid simulations, and data analysis techniques to provide a comprehensive study of magnetometer data from four Galileo flybys of Callisto (C21, C22, C23, and C30) that have never been discussed in the literature before. Callisto's distance to the center of Jupiter's magnetospheric current sheet varied considerably from flyby to flyby. Therefore, the relative strength of the magnetic field perturbations due to Callisto's plasma interaction with Jupiter's magnetosphere and induction within Callisto's subsurface ocean drastically changed as well. During C21, a strong magnetic field perturbation along the corotation direction was detected in Callisto's geometric plasma shadow. This enhancement can be explained with Callisto's steady state plasma interaction only, if the upstream flow possessed a nonnegligible component away from Jupiter. During C22, Galileo only grazed Callisto's Alfvén wings which were elevated out of the flyby plane due to the ambient magnetospheric field orientation. During C23, the combination of an inclined flyby trajectory and finite gyroradius effects caused Callisto's observed Alfvén wings to be slightly asymmetric between both hemispheres. During C30, a discontinuity with a surface normal pointed toward Jupiter was detected within Callisto's geometric plasma shadow, similar to the earlier C10 flyby. Due to strong plasma interaction and an unfavorable flyby geometry (C21), a large closest approach altitude (C22), or weak inducing field (C23 and C30), no discernible induction signatures were observed during these four flybys. Based on data from all available Galileo flybys, we determine requirements on future flyby geometries that must be satisfied for an identification of Callisto's subsurface ocean in magnetometer data.
Development of Inquiry Learning Model-Oriented Learning Tools on Plant Tissue Structure and Function Materials to Train Students' Creative Thinking Ability

This research is a development research that aims to produce learning tools in the form of Learning Implementation Plans (RPP), Student Worksheets (LKPD) and Creative Thinking Tests oriented to inquiry learning models that are, practical and effective, so that they can be used in the learning process. The results showed that the quality of the products produced based on practicality aspects in limited trials met very practical criteria with an average value of 95. In the broad trial it met very practical criteria with an average score of 100 and the response assessment of learners got a score of 50 on the limited trial and a score of 101 on the broad trial. The results of the creative thinking test field test are limited to the average value of the pretest answers, namely the Elaboration indicator at 5.3%, then the Fluency indicator at 3.3%, then Flexibility at 3.1% and the lowest is Originality at 0.2%. The average results of the post-test answers to students' creative thinking ability in the limited test found that the most percentage was the Fluency indicator at 15.9%, then the Elaboration indicator at 12.6%, then Flexibility at 6.3% and the lowest was Originality at 1%. In the main field test, the average value of the pretest answer is the Fluency indicator of 2.9%, then the Elaboration indicator of 2.6%, then Flexibility of 2.4% and the lowest is Originality, which is 0.1%. The average result of the post-test answers to the creative thinking ability of students in the main field test was found that the most percentage was the Fluency indicator of 5.2%, then the Elaboration indicator of 4.8%, then Flexibility of 3.9% and the lowest was Originality, which was 1%.
Association between sedentary behavior and risk of cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment among the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Existing evidence on the association between sedentary behavior (SB) and cognitive function remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study investigated the association between SB and the risk of cognitive decline (CD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly. Methods A comprehensive search was independently conducted by two researchers (XC and GQ) in seven electronic databases, including Medline (via PubMed), China Biology Medicine, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and VIP database for Chinese technical periodicals, covering studies published from the inception of database to June 2023. Studies that investigated the relationship between SB and the risk of CD or MCI in the elderly were included. The quality of the literature was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) assessment tools. The combined effect size analysis, subgroup analysis, and publication bias assessment were performed using STATA 14.0. Results A total of 13 cross-sectional and 6 cohort studies involving 81,791 individuals were included, comprising 17 high-quality studies and 2 medium-quality studies. We found that SB was significantly associated with an increased risk of CD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.69, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.47–1.94] or MCI (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.14–1.56) among the elderly. Subgroup analysis stratified according to comorbidity, lifestyle, family structure, publication year, and region showed statistical differences between groups, and the consistency of the results revealed the sources of the heterogeneity. Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that SB is positively associated with the risk of CD or MCI in the elderly, providing a higher level of evidence for the promotion of healthy behaviors by clinicians and health policymakers. Due to the number and quality of the included articles, more high-quality longitudinal studies are needed to further confirm our findings.
Microbial-Transferred Metabolites of Black Tea Theaflavins by Human Gut Microbiota and Their Impact on Antioxidant Capacity

Theaflavins (TFs), the primary bioactive components in black tea, are poorly absorbed in the small intestine. However, the biological activity of TFs does not match their low bioavailability, which suggests that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in their biotransformation and activities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biotransferred metabolites of TFs produced by the human gut microbiota and these metabolites’ function. We profiled the microbial metabolites of TFs by in vitro anaerobic human gut microbiota fermentation using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. A total of 17 microbial metabolites were identified, and their corresponding metabolic pathways were proposed. Moreover, full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the TFs altered the gut microbiota diversity and increased the relative abundance of specific members of the microbiota involved in the catabolism of the TFs, including Flavonifractor_plautii, Bacteroides_uniformis, Eubacterium_ramulus, etc. Notably, the antioxidant capacity of the TF sample increased after fermentation compared to the initial sample. In conclusion, the results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the microbial metabolites and antioxidant capacity of TFs.
The Effect of Current and Speed on Melt Erosion at Rail-Armature Contact in Railgun

In this paper, launch experiments are performed to investigate the effect of current and speed on current melt erosion with a 20-mm caliber lab-scale railgun. Armatures are kept in bore by using payload separated method to keep recovered armatures intact. Launch experiments with different current magnitudes are conducted, while speed is limited within 150 m/s by heavy payloads. Launch experiments are conducted at different speeds at the same current magnitude. The desired speed was achieved by adjusting the mass of payload for each test. Erosion results with increasing current and speed are summarized. Location of peak erosion depth and erosion amounts under the effect of current and speed are analyzed based on current simulation and profile measurement. The current melt erosion starts at the side edge near the midpoint of the armature in the longitudinal axis direction. Then, this erosion spreads longitudinally forward to the leading edge along the sides and transversely to midline of armature surface under the influence of current but moves toward to trailing edge under the influence of speed. Higher current and speed will facilitate the corresponding erosion propagation. The location of the peak erosion depth appears to be stable in space for the increasing current magnitude, which is consistent with stationary current simulation at upslope current stage, but gradually moves toward to the trailing edge as speed increases. This may because location of peak current density moves toward to the trailing edge due to the velocity skin effect. Measurement results of mass loss indicate that the amount of material eroded increases substantially with current, and less so with speed. Furthermore, the propagation trend of current melt erosion is discussed.
Identification of Salivary Metabolic Signatures Associated with Primary Sjögren’s Disease

Sjögren’s disease (SjD) is the second most prevalent autoimmune disorder that involves chronic inflammation of exocrine glands. Correct diagnosis of primary SjD (pSjD) can span over many years since disease symptoms manifest only in advanced stages of salivary and lachrymal glandular destruction, and consensus diagnostic methods have critical sensitivity and selectivity limitations. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we determined the composition of metabolites in unstimulated saliva samples from 30 pSjD subjects and 30 participants who do not have Sjögren’s disease (non-Sjögren’s control group, NS-C). Thirty-four metabolites were quantified in each sample, and analysis was conducted on both non-normalized (concentration) and normalized metabolomics data from all study participants (ages 23–78) and on an age-restricted subset of the data (ages 30–70) while applying false discovery rate correction in determining data significance. The normalized data of saliva samples from all study participants, and of the age-restricted subset, indicated significant increases in the levels of glucose, glycerol, taurine, and lactate, as well as significant decreases in the levels of 5-aminopentanoate, acetate, butyrate and propionate, in subjects with pSjD compared to subjects in the NS-C group. Additionally, a significant increase in choline was found only in the age-restricted subset, and a significant decrease in fucose was found only in the whole study population in normalized data of saliva samples from the pSjD group compared to the NS-C group. Metabolite concentration data of saliva samples from all study participants, but not from the age-restricted subset, indicated significant increases in the levels of glucose, glycerol, taurine, and lactate in subjects with pSjD compared to controls. The study showed that NMR metabolomics can be implemented in defining salivary metabolic signatures that are associated with disease status, and can contribute to differential analysis between subjects with pSjD and those who are not affected with this disease, in the clinic.