Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulations of cortical networks using spatially extended conductance‐based neuronal models

The Hodgkin–Huxley model of action potential generation and propagation, published in the Journal of Physiology in 1952, initiated the field of biophysically detailed computational modelling in neuroscience, which has expanded to encompass a variety of species and components of the nervous system. Here we review the developments in this area with a focus on efforts in the community towards modelling the mammalian neocortex using spatially extended conductance‐based neuronal models. The Hodgkin–Huxley formalism and related foundational contributions, such as Rall's cable theory, remain widely used in these efforts to the current day. We argue that at present the field is undergoing a qualitative change due to new very rich datasets describing the composition, connectivity and functional activity of cortical circuits, which are being integrated systematically into large‐scale network models. This trend, combined with the accelerating development of convenient software tools supporting such complex modelling projects, is giving rise to highly detailed models of the cortex that are extensively constrained by the data, enabling computational investigation of a multitude of questions about cortical structure and function.
SIPFormer: Segmentation of Multiocular Biometric Traits With Transformers

The advancements in machine vision have opened up new avenues for implementing multimodal biometric identification systems for real-world applications. These systems can address the shortcomings of unimodal biometric systems, which are susceptible to spoofing, noise, nonuniversality, and intraclass variations. Besides, ocular traits among various biometric traits are preferably used in these recognition systems due to their great uniqueness, permanence, and performance. However, segmenting visual biometric features under unconstrained situations remains challenging due to a variety of variables, such as Purkinje reflexes, specular reflections, eye gaze, off-angle pictures, poor resolution, and numerous occlusions. To overcome these challenges, this research presents a novel framework called SIPFormer, comprising the encoder, decoder, and transformer blocks to simultaneously segment three ocular traits (sclera, iris, and pupil) using its discriminative multihead self-attention mechanism. Besides, we used the large publicly available iris database reflecting different unconstrained acquisition settings, with inherent noise effects such as scanner artifacts, intensity and illumination variations, motion blur, and occultations caused by eyelashes, eyelids, and eyeglasses. Furthermore, the simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed SIPFormer model, where it achieved the mean Dice similarity coefficient scores of 0.9018, 0.9176, and 0.9229 for segmenting the sclera, iris, and pupil classes, respectively.
Velocity Bias in a Λ Cold Dark Matter Model

We use a high-resolution N-body simulation to study the velocity bias of dark matter halos, the difference in the velocity fields of dark matter and halos, in a flat low-density cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model. The high force, 2 h-1 kpc, and mass, 109 h-1 M☉, resolution allows dark matter halos to survive in very dense environments of groups and clusters, making it possible to use halos as galaxy tracers. We find that the velocity bias, bv,12, measured as a ratio of pairwise velocities of the halos to that of the dark matter, evolves with time and depends on scale. At high redshifts (z ~ 5), halos generally move faster than the dark matter on almost all scales: bv,12(r) ≈ 1.2, r > 0.5 h-1 Mpc. At later moments, the bias decreases and gets below unity on scales less than r ≈ 5 h-1 Mpc: bv,12(r) ≈ (0.6-0.8) at z = 0. We find that the evolution of the pairwise velocity bias follows and probably is defined by the spatial antibias of the dark matter halos at small scales. The one-point velocity bias, bv, defined as the ratio of the rms velocities of halos and dark matter, provides a more direct measure of the difference in velocities, because it is less sensitive to the spatial bias. We analyze bv in clusters of galaxies and find that halos are "hotter" than the dark matter: bv = 1.2-1.3 for r = (0.2-0.8)rvir, where rvir is the virial radius. At larger radii, bv decreases and approaches unity at r = (1-2)rvir. We argue that dynamical friction may be responsible for this small positive velocity bias (bv > 1) found in the central parts of clusters. We do not find significant systematic difference in the velocity anisotropy of halos and the dark matter. The velocity anisotropy function, β, of dark matter particles can be approximated as β(x) = 0.15 + 2x/(x2 + 4), where the distance x is measured in units of the virial radius.
Stiffness and Creep Properties of HRS-BC Powered by Palm Shell Gasification in Dryer Unit

Roads are infrastructure that is very important in supporting people’s daily lives. With the high growth rate of traffic, the traffic load will cause damage to the road pavement in the form of deformation (rutting) and fatigue. The performance of an HRS-BC asphalt mixture was investigated to determine the asphalt’s resistance to damage. HRS-BC asphalt mixture specimens were produced by a palm shell AMP and by a diesel AMP. The performance of the HRS-BC asphalt mixture was tested in the laboratory with indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) and dynamic creep test. The results showed that the HRS-BC asphalt mixture sample produced by the palm shell AMP had better stiffness than the HRS-BC asphalt mixture produced by the diesel AMP. Both the samples of the HRS-BC asphalt mixture produced by the palm shell AMP and by the diesel AMP were not deformed when given a standard load of 100 kPa and 3,600 load repetitions.
The Impact of Personal Lifestyle and Personal Innovativeness on Insta Shopping Purchase Intention

Social commerce (s-commerce) is an evolving concept that has become an inspirational area of research due to the continued development and breakthroughs of social interactions and social media platforms. This study examines the moderating effect of perceived risks and overall trust on the intention to buy. Moreover, it tests the impact of consumers’ lifestyles and personal innovativeness on perceived risks and trust. We surveyed 267 active social commerce users and analyzed the responses using SmartPLS3.0 by applying structural equation modeling. The results show a significant impact of consumers’ lifestyles, personal innovativeness, and trust on behavioral intention. However, consumers’ perceived risks do not influence users’ decisions to use Insta shopping.
Epidemiological Model of COVID-19 based on Evolutionary Game Theory: Considering the Viral Mutations

With the prevalence of COVID-19 infection, the use of mathematical models for infectious diseases has attracted considerable attention. In a previous study, human behavioral strategies are represented using evolutionary game theory and integrated with the SIR model of the COVID-19 epidemic. However, actual COVID-19 infection has an incubation period. In addition, due to viral mutations, the number of infected people is higher in the second and subsequent epidemics than in the first one. In this study, the previous study that uses evolutionary game theory to represent human behavioral selection in the SIR model is extended to the SEIR model. Then, considering the viral mutations, the relationship between the number of infected people and the risk of infection is formulated. The simulation results indicate that, by increasing the infection rate as the infection spread, the maximum number of infected people at each infection peak continued to increase until the maximum number of simultaneously infected people is reached. This finding indicates that the number of infected people is affected by the higher infection rate caused by the virus mutation.
Co-Expression of Chaperones for Improvement of Soluble Expression and Purification of An Anti-HER2 scFv in Escherichia Coli

Background: Single-chain fragment variable (scFv) is one of the most commonly used antibody fragments. They offer some advantages over full-length antibodies, including better penetration to target tissues. However, their functional production has been a challenge for manufacturers due to the potential misfolding and formation of inclusion bodies. Here we evaluated the soluble expression and purification of molecular chaperone co-expression. Materials and Methods: E. coli BL21(DE3) cells were co-transformed with the mixture of plasmids pKJE7 and pET22b-scFv by the electroporation method. First, L-arabinose was added to induce the expression of molecular chaperones, and then IPTG was used as an inducer to start the expression of anti-HER2 scFv. The effect of cultivation temperature and IPTG concentration on soluble expression of the protein with or without chaperones was evaluated. The soluble expressed protein was subjected to native purification using the Ni-NTA affinity column. Results: SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the successful co-expression of anti-HER2-scFv and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE chaperones. Co-expression with chaperones and low-temperature cultivation synergistically improved the soluble expression of anti-HER2 scFv. Co-expression with chaperone also exhibited an approximately four-fold increase in the final yield of purified soluble protein. Conclusion: The combination of co-expression with chaperones and low temperature presented in this work may be useful for the improvement of commercial production of other scFvs in E. coli as functionally bioactive and soluble form.
Low-Dimensional Cohomology Groups of the Lie Algebras W(a, b)

In this article, we determine one-dimensional (Leibniz) central extensions, the derivation algebra, and the automorphism group of the infinite-dimensional Lie algebra W(a, b) (for a, b ∈ ℂ) which is the semidirect product Lie algebra of the Witt algebra and its tensor density module I(a, b).
Evolution of Plasma Species and Heat–Shield Temperatures from Hayabusa Reentry Observation

Emission signatures of the Hayabusa capsule reentry, acquired by the Australian Ultraviolet Spectrograph instrument on the NASA DC-8 mission over the South Australian Woomera landing site on 13 June 2010, are analyzed to identify thermal characteristics of the shock layer and the ablative heat-shield performance. The spectral range 330 to 470 nm of the Australian Ultraviolet Spectrograph instrument contains signatures of the air plasma species nitrogen and the ablation-related species cyanogen. The time-resolved evolution of averaged species number densities, vibrational and rotational plasma temperatures, and the heat-shield surface temperature are deduced through a multiparameter error-minimization analysis based on the European Space Agency plasma radiation database PARADE. The plasma temperatures indicate nonequilibrium conditions for cyanogen at altitudes above 70 km and equilibrium conditions after peak heating. Two separate thermal protection system activity periods are identified by the analysis.
Real-Time Scheduling with Predictions

The recent revival in learning theory gives us improved capabilities for accurate predictions and increased opportunities for performance enhancement. This work extends the research agenda of augmenting algorithms with predictions to one of the central scheduling problems – soft real-time scheduling on single and parallel machines to minimize the mean response time. We design an algorithm, PEDRMLF (Predictions Enhanced Dynamic Randomized MultiLevel Feedback), that incorporates job size predictions, achieving an optimal competitive ratio under perfect predictions and the best-known competitive ratio under any predictions. PEDRMLF is the first algorithm that simultaneously achieves optimal consistency and bounded robustness. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm performs close to the theoretically optimal bound while consistently outperforming state-of-the-art benchmarks.
Twistors and multipole moments

The 2n multipole moment of a stationary electromagnetic or linearized gravitational field on Minkowski space may be described by a spinor field of rank 2n on Minkowski space. The rank 2n and 2n — 2 spinor fields are connected by first order differential equations. In particular, each field satisfies the twistor equation. The multipoles up to the 2n level may be coded into a 2n index symmetric twistor satisfying certain algebraic constraints. It is possible to obtain the multipole spinors as elements of the tensor algebra over the ten-dimensional vector space of spinors αA´B´ satisfying the twistor equation. A sequence of spin 1 fields containing arbitrary parameters is constructed. On performing the relevant charge integrals the independent components are the multipole spinors. It is easy to examine this construction from the twistor point of view. The multipole twistors are obtained as contour integrals of the holomorphic function describing the field. These give rise to two-surface integrals at future null infinity for the multipole spinors. There is an underlying Lie algebra structure which provides a connection with the work of Geroch on multipoles defined at space-like infinity. It is conjectured that the two types of multipole are identical. The multipole twistors for Kerr type linearized gravitational fields are computed. These agree with the usual results. The formalism suggests ways in which it might be possible to extend the multipole definitions to non-stationary fields and curved asymptotically flat backgrounds.
Topological electronic structure in half-Heusler topological insulators

topological order is due to a single band inversion at the point. In native states, these half-Heuslercompounds are identiﬁed as being topologically nontrivial semimetals, or nontrivial metals, or trivial insula-tors, which can be turned into insulating thin ﬁlms on suitable substrates. Our analysis reveals a straightforwardrelationship which connects the band inversion strength extent of deviation from the critical point to theatomic charge of constituents and the lattice parameter. Our ﬁndings suggest a general method for identifying
Thermal Wave Based on the Thermomass Model

In times comparable to the characteristic time of the energy carriers, Fourier's law of heat conduction breaks down and heat may propagate as waves. Based on the concept of thermomass, which is defined as the equivalent mass of phonon gas in dielectrics, according to the Einstein's mass-energy relation, the phonon gas in the dielectrics is described as a weighty, compressible fluid. Newton mechanics has been applied to establish the equation of state and the equation of motion for the phonon gas as in fluid mechanics, because the drift velocity of a phonon gas is normally much less than the speed of light. The propagation velocity of the thermal wave in the phonon gas is derived directly from the equation of state for the phonon gas, rather than from the relaxation time in the Cattaneo―Vernotte (CV) model (Cattaneo, C., 1948, "Sulla Conduzione Del Calore," Atti Semin. Mat. Fis. Univ. Modena, 3, pp. 83―101; Vernotte, P., 1958, "Paradoxes in the Continuous Theory of the Heat Equation, " C. R. Acad. Bulg. Sci., 246, pp. 3154―3155). The equation of motion for the phonon gas gives rise to the thermomass model, which depicts the general relation between the temperature gradient and heat flux. The linearized conservation equations for the phonon gas lead to a damped thermal wave equation, which is similar to the CV-wave equation, but with different characteristic time. The lagging time in the resulting thermal wave equation is related to the wave velocity in the phonon gas, which is approximately two orders of magnitude larger than the relaxation time adopted in the CV-wave model for the lattices. A numerical example for fast transient heat conduction in a silicon film is presented to show that the temperature peaks resulting from the thermomass model are much higher than those resulting from the CV-wave model. Due to the slower thermal wave velocity in the phonon gas, by as much as one order of magnitude, the damage due to temperature overshooting may be more severe than that expected from the CV-wave model.
Variability Constraints on Blazar Magnetic Fields

Abstract Synchrotron self-Compton (SSC), external Compton, and hadronic models of blazar emission all invoke particle acceleration at relativistic shocks as the dissipation mechanism seeding their non-thermal X-ray and gamma-ray emission. Studies of diffusive acceleration at such relativistic shocks are more sparse than those pertaining to their non-relativistic counterparts. This paper presents acceleration time results from the theory of relativistic shock acceleration that are pertinent to AGN observations. This temporal information interfaces critically with the observed rapid variability of blazars. Very recent theoretical results are presented, where it is determined that acceleration times can never become arbitrarily short in relativistic shocks, but are dominated by diffusion in the downstream region and couple to the particle's gyroperiod. This fundamental bound links to the variability timescale to generate a firm lower bound to the environmental magnetic field of blazars such as Mrk 421. Consistency of such a bound with SSC spectral models and flare decay times is discussed.
Nano photoconductive switches for microwave applications

This paper addresses the interaction between light wave technologies and semiconductors devices at the nanoscale. Research works aiming at the development of emerging 1D and 2D nano materials such as nanodots, nanowires, nanotubes and nanoribbons open the way to overcome the performances bottleneck of conventional microwave photoconductive switches. Such new materials offer new opportunities for the confinement of light/matter interaction and exhibit interesting energy band diagram in an optical wavelength spectrum covering visible to NIR. Strong material interests stays for the generation of very high local density of carriers in contrast with a high dark resistivity, in association with a high carrier mobility. These challenges can be reached today thanks to nanotechnology processes with a high compatibility constraint with submicrometer light coupling solutions and microwave devices and circuits technologies. Modeling and design tools dedicated to photoconductive effect description at nanometer scale, for its implementation in passive and active components must be set up in order to exalt this effect for microwave signal processing functionalities such as switching, generation, amplification and emission over a large frequency bandwidth. This paper will report on latest demonstrations of high performance photoconductive switches for high frequency applications at 0. 8μm and 1. 5μm based on LT-GaAs, GaAs nanowires and GaInAsSb semiconductor materials.
Measurement of Wave Velocity in Cortical Bone by Micro-Brillouin Scattering Technique: Effect of Bone Tissue Properties

Hypersonic wave velocity was measured in the cortical bone of bovine femur using a micro-Brillouin scattering technique. Using thin plate specimens, wave velocities propagating in the bone axis direction were measured. Next, focusing on the hydroxyapatite (HAp), which is one of the main components of bone, we estimated the relationship between wave velocity and HAp content. The decalcification caused a clear wave velocity decrease from 5.06×103 to 3.28×103 m/s, showing the strong effects of HAp on the elasticity of bone. The micro-Brillouin scattering technique would be helpful for the evaluation of bone characterization in a small area.
Robustness analysis of nominal Model Predictive Control for nonlinear discrete-time systems *

Abstract Input-to-State Stability properties of a system subject to additive disturbances are studied under the assumption that the origin of the nominal system is an asymptotically stable equilibrium. The analysis is developed also for systems with a discontinuous dynamic equation. The obtained results are used to establish robustness properties for perturbed systems controlled with a Model Predictive Control law designed for the nominal model.
Numerical modeling of initially turbulent wakes with net momentum

This paper presents results from the first fully three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of initially turbulent wakes with net momentum in unstratified and density stratified fluids. The initial conditions contain a super-position of an initially axisymmetric mean streamwise velocity profile plus a spectrally specified fluctuation velocity field with initially incoherent phases to model initial turbulence. To provide evidence in favor of their validity, we compare results from these simulations with previous measurements behind towed bodies in wind tunnels and towing tanks, and also compare with theories of turbulent wakes. Comparisons with laboratory flow experiments provide agreement, both with statistical quantities and vortex structures and evolution. We subsequently investigate open questions by analysis of the fully three-dimensional flow. Coherent vortices in stratified wakes have their origins in the vortex geometry of the mean wake flow, and do not require stratification or coherent seedin.
On a model representation for certain spatial-resonance phenomena

It has been observed that standing surface waves in water may be excited by acoustic fields of very much higher frequency. No special relationship between the two frequencies appears to be required, but there is such a relationship between the spatial variations of the acoustic and surface wave modes. Another requirement is that the lower frequency should be comparable with the resonant and width of the acoustic response of the system. An explanation of such phenomena is proposed and is tested on a somewhat idealized model by the use of techniques which could be extended to deal with more realistic situations. The model serves to explain qualitatively the available experimental observations. It is suggested that the phenomenon of spatial resonance is not confined to the interaction between water waves and acoustic fields, but may occur generally in systems having modes with related spatial patterns but greatly different frequencies.
An Overview of Received Results on MRT, MCT, and PSVT Spatial Ability Tests in Virtual Environments

This paper summarizes our research regarding spatial skills in virtual environments. According to the results, by using the Gear VR, significantly better rates of correct answers can be achieved in the case of females, left-handed, or older students. The rates of correct answers are also better on the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test with the Gear VR. The design of virtual environments positively affects the probabilities of correct answers on the spatial ability tests. This set-up consists of a perspective camera rotated either −45°, 0°, or 45°, with a contrast ratio of 1.5:1 or 3:1 while using a head-mounted display device. In addition, the probability of correct answers and test completion times are not independent and the latter is significantly affected by the used display device, type of test, and gender of the user. The combination of a 75° field of view, a 45° camera rotation, and a 3:1 contrast ratio significantly increases test completion times.
Mapping Properties of Pseudodifferential Operators on Manifolds with Bounded Geometry

We investigate classes of uniform pseudodifferential operators on Riemannian manifolds with bounded geometry. We prove that operators belonging to the classes are bounded in function spaces of Hardy–Sobolev–Besov type defined on the manifold. The classes contain the powers of the Laplace–Beltrami operators so we get the fractional lift property for the function spaces.