Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computing the Hit Rate of Similarity Caching

Similarity caching allows requests for an item $i$ to be served by a similar item i’. Applications include recommendation systems, multimedia retrieval, and machine learning. Recently, many similarity caching policies have been proposed, but still we do not know how to compute the hit rate even for simple policies, like SIM-LRU and RND-LRU that are straightforward modifications of classic caching algorithms. This paper proposes the first algorithm to compute the hit rate of similarity caching policies under the independent reference model for the request process. In particular, we show how to extend the popular time-to-live approximation in classic caching to similarity caching. The algorithm is evaluated on both synthetic and real world traces.
On Abel’s Problem and Gauss Congruences

A classical problem due to Abel is to determine if a differential equation $y^{\prime}=\eta y$ admits a non-trivial solution $y$ algebraic over $\mathbb C(x)$ when $\eta $ is a given algebraic function over $\mathbb C(x)$. Risch designed an algorithm that, given $\eta $, determines whether there exists an algebraic solution or not. In this paper, we adopt a different point of view when $\eta $ admits a Puiseux expansion with rational coefficients at some point in $\mathbb C\cup \{\infty \}$, which can be assumed to be 0 without loss of generality. We prove the following arithmetic characterization: there exists a non-trivial algebraic solution of $y^{\prime}=\eta y$ if and only if the coefficients of the Puiseux expansion of $x\eta (x)$ at $0$ satisfy Gauss congruences for almost all prime numbers. We then apply our criterion to hypergeometric series: we completely determine the equations $y^{\prime}=\eta y$ with an algebraic solution when $x\eta (x)$ is an algebraic hypergeometric series with rational parameters, and this enables us to prove a prediction Golyshev made using the theory of motives. We also present two other applications, namely to diagonals of rational fractions and to directed two-dimensional walks.
Non-equilibrium ionisation in supernova remnants : the case of Tycho.

Une modelisation numerique detaillee de l'emission RX emanant du reste de supernova Tycho est presentee en utilisant le modele W7 de Nomoto K. et al. (1984, Astrophys. J., 286) de l'explosion d'une naine blanche comme condition initiale pour suivre simultanement l'evolution hydrodynamique et la structure d'ionisation du milieu interstellaire. Les spectres RX resultants sont ensuite compares avec les observations par le satellite EXOSAT. Les incertitudes physiques presentes dans la modelisation des restes de supernovae sont ensuite discutees et rattachees aux erreurs possibles dans les parametres qui y sont derives
Genetic Diversity of Fowlpox Virus and Putative Genes Involved in Its Pathogenicity

This study aims at determining molecular candidates using comparative genomics to differentiate between the diphtheritic and cutaneous forms of FPV infection, in addition to their association with the pathogenicity of the virus. Full-genomic analyses of multiple fowlpox strains, including field viruses, isolated between 1960s and 2019, and vaccine strains showed the genetic diversity due to regional differences. ABSTRACT To determine the genomic variations of fowlpox virus (FPV)—the largest, very ancient, and still harmful avian virus—the complete genomes of 21 FPVs were analyzed. The genomes showed low genetic diversity relative to their overall size. Our studies revealed that FPVs could phylogenetically be divided into two clades, based on their regional distribution, and comparative analysis showed that 40 putative proteins of FPV were associated with geographic differences in viruses, viral pathogenicity, or the onset of diphtheritic lesions. The strain, classified into a subgroup different from others in the genomic analysis, showed relatively low pathogenicity in chickens, and the onset of diphtheritic lesions was observed to be caused only by the specific strain. Despite genetic differences, some commercial vaccines are protective against virulent strains, and intact reticuloendotheliosis virus inserted into field FPV strains was activated but there was no enhancement of the pathogenicity of FPV. These findings will expand our knowledge of the viral proteome and help us understand the pathogenicity of FPV. IMPORTANCE This study aims at determining molecular candidates using comparative genomics to differentiate between the diphtheritic and cutaneous forms of FPV infection, in addition to their association with the pathogenicity of the virus. Full-genomic analyses of multiple fowlpox strains, including field viruses, isolated between 1960s and 2019, and vaccine strains showed the genetic diversity due to regional differences. Comparative genomic analysis offered the clues related to viral virulence. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because we are the first to perform such an elaborate study that compares 21 FPVs to study and highlight their diversity, despite the high level of homology between them. Our results shall help provide insights for tackling FPV that has been taking a toll on the poultry for years now.
The nonlinear evolution of internal tides. Part 1: the superharmonic cascade

Abstract In non-uniform stratification, horizontally propagating internal waves with the vertical structure of a single mode self-interact to excite superharmonics. Baker & Sutherland (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 891, 2020, R1) showed that a vertical mode-1 parent wave of sufficiently small amplitude dominantly excites a vertical mode-1 superharmonic with double the horizontal wavenumber. Through theory, assuming a parent wave of sufficiently small amplitude, they showed that the superharmonics grew and decayed periodically due to the parent forcing frequency being off-resonant with the natural frequency of the superharmonic. Here, we extend this theory to allow for larger parent wave amplitudes and/or stronger resonant forcing, as would occur at lower latitudes, where the influence of background rotation is small. The resulting coupled system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is shown to well predict the evolution of the internal tide as determined in fully nonlinear numerical simulations. With strong nonlinear forcing, successive superharmonics grow to non-negligible amplitudes in what we call the ‘superharmonic cascade’. The phase relationship between the superharmonics is such that when superimposed, the internal tide transforms into a solitary wave train, consistent with the predictions of well-established shallow-water models, particularly that of the Ostrovsky equation, which is an extension of the Korteweg–de Vries equation accounting for background rotation. This work thus gives new insight into internal solitary wave generation. The model equations have less restrictive assumptions than models based upon shallow-water theory, and because they are quickly solved, these provide a potentially powerful new tool to examine the nonlinear evolution of the internal tide.
Fifty Years of Observations on Anolis Lizards at Barro Colorado Island, Panama

Abstract: I present the results of 50 yr (1971–2020) of annual censuses of Anolis apletophallus on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. The main objectives were to assess why abundance in end-of-the-year censuses varied substantially from year to year and why it declined over time. Abundance was negatively correlated with annual rainfall, 90% of which occurs in the wet season when eggs are laid. Lizard abundance is indirectly linked to rainfall through the interaction between Anolis eggs and their major predator, Solenopsis ants. More eggs are killed by ants when rainfall is relatively high because ants are more active and encounter more eggs than when rainfall is relatively low. While rainfall accounts for variability in abundance, it has not changed over time and thus may not account for the overall decline in abundance. Model selection of AICc analyses identified two other factors correlated with abundance. Abundance was positively correlated with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) lagged by 1 yr. High SOI (and high abundance) is associated with cool and wet La Niña conditions and low values with dry and warm El Niño conditions. The prediction that low abundance is associated with dry and warm El Niño conditions (low SOI) conflicts with the negative correlation between abundance and rainfall where low abundance is associated with high rainfall. Moreover, abundance was negatively correlated with Tmin (minimum annual temperature). The mechanism by which increasing Tmin during the census period is linked to declining abundance is unknown. Three climatic factors are correlated with lizard abundance, but none of them explain why abundance has declined. A third objective was to examine the relationship between species richness and species dominance of Anolis communities with respect to rainfall patterns. Tropical forests typically have a maximal richness of 7–8 species. Our study sites in Panama have high species richness, but Anolis apletophallus individuals made up ≥96% of all records, an unexpected level of species dominance. Comparisons among sites suggest that the number of Anolis species in a community is related to annual rainfall, and dominance is related to seasonality of rainfall. Dry forests have few Anolis species and wet forests have as many as 7–8 species. Forests with short wet seasons (months with >100 mm rainfall) have a high likelihood that individuals of one species will dominate the community.
Ecological role of the Eurasian otter, Lutra lutra (Mustelidae, Carnivora) as a seed dispersal species for riparian vegetation in Iberian fresh waters

Abstract. Endozoochory is a mutualistic interaction between plants and animals. Such a relationship has rarely been examined in the Eurasian otter Lutra lutra. This study aimed to assess the use and electivity of fruit by this carnivore, along with the viability of ingested seeds. Otter spraints and fruit were collected from the River Bullaque (Guadiana River basin, central Spain) in June and September 2018-2019. A high occurrence of fruit (> 40%) was found in spraints during September. Otters ingested fruit in June from only one plant species: Iberian bushweed Flueggea tinctoria (Phyllanthaceae); whereas seeds ingested in September belonged to four plant species: apple mint Mentha suaveolens (Lamiaceae), common hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, dog rose Rosa canina and elmleaf blackberry Rubus ulmifolius (three Rosaceae species). According to the environmental availability, otters displayed avoidance for mint and rose, neutral selection for hawthorn and preference for blackberry. Germination was unsuccessful for mint seeds, whereas germination was the highest for blackberry (37%; 49% for blackbird Turdus merula, a well-known frugivorous species). Otters appear to display an ecological role as seed dispersers for riparian vegetation in Iberian fresh waters. These findings provide insights into this endozoochorous co-evolution between plants and Carnivora.
A Sustainable Model for Effective Employee Relations in Contemporary Organizations

Employee relation has emerged as a major point of concern for human resource practitioners. This paper investigated all the possible variables affecting employee relations in the organization through an extensive literature review. A review framework was adopted to fulfill the research objectives of the proposed study. The implications of mediating and moderating variables will be helpful for the manager in building the values and culture by developing the relation of employer-employer. Previous studies have found occasional constructs on the employee relation for a sustainable organization. These study insights on the important variables help in building a strong relationship with employee and employer for sustainable growth. This study focuses on the variables of employee relation which gives strength to employee-employer relations in line with sustainability.
The Housing Boom and Its Effect on Farmland Acreage

This paper examines farmers land ownership decision to keep their farmland or sell the acreage to a non-agricultural enterprise. The boom in housing demand during the early 21st century caused a subsequent rise in land demand by housing construction companies. This, in turn, has significant effects on farmer's choice to sell their farmland endowment and leave farming. Data from several public sources, including the USDA-NASS, U.S. Census, BLS, and BEA-REIS, is used to analyze the relationship of farm acreage with housing permit values. The Arellano-Bond dynamic panel estimator is used within a GMM framework to examine land ownership behavior of forward-looking farmers. Results indicate that a rise in demand for new housing significantly influences a farmer's behavior to transfer agricultural acreage out of farming.
Adverse Effect of Work Role Stress on Family Role Conflict Among Married IT Professionals in India

Work role stress is one of the major problems that influence family role conflict of information technology (IT) professionals. The purpose of the paper is to examine the relationship between work role stress and family role conflict among married employees in the IT sector. The data is collected from 227 married IT professionals employed in different IT companies across India. The data is analysed with the help of descriptive statistics, correlation, factor analysis, and multiple regression through SPSS 21.0 software, AMOS for structural equation model (SEM) analysis. The results of the study revealed that all the determinants of work role stress do not affect family role conflict of married IT professionals. Determinants such as workload and work schedules influence family role conflict. In addition, the study findings bring out the relation between the determinants of work role stress and family role conflict. This study is important to IT companies as it helps to provide useful insights in managing family role conflict of married IT professionals.
The Effect of Aquatic Plyometric Training on Jump Performance Including a Four-week Follow-up in Youth Female Volleyball Players

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the effect of aquatic plyometric training (APT) on jump performance in volleyball players. Twelve female athletes (16.6 ± 0.9 years) were assessed through the following jump tests: spike height (SH), squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) and CMJ with an arm swing (CMJA). Jump height in each test and the eccentric utilization ratio (EUR) were the outcome measures. APT consisted of sets of drop jumps for 6 weeks (2 sessions/week) at a water depth of 0.75 m. Tests were performed at the beginning of a five-week pre-season period, before and after APT, and four weeks later for the follow-up. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to analyze data and Hedges’ g to estimate effect size (ES). Performance of all jumps did not change from baseline to Pre-APT. Performance improved in SH (p < 0.001, ES: 1.09), the SJ (p = 0.045, ES: 0.76) and the CMJA (p < 0.001, ES: 0.78) after APT when compared to Pre-APT. No changes were observed after the follow-up period. In conclusion, including six weeks of APT in the training routine of youth volleyball players improved performance of a sport-specific task (SH), the SJ and CMJA, with gains preserved after a four-week follow-up.
External Workload Compared Between Competitive and Non-Competitive Matches for Professional Male Soccer Players

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the external load in competitive (official) and non-competitive matches (friendly, training and modified-sided games) in professional soccer players. Time-motion data for 10 elite male soccer players (age = 20.1 ± 2.1 years; body height = 178.8 ± 5.9; body mass = 71.4 ± 7.3; % body fat = 11.0 ± 1.1 and VO2max = 55.96 ± 3.3) from a professional Spanish first division team were recorded during official (n = 12), friendly (n = 7) and training (n = 6) matches and a 5 vs. 5 + goalkeepers modified-sided game (n = 3). GPS devices were used to monitor players’ external loads: total distance covered, distance covered at different speeds (<13.9 km·h-1, >14, >18, >21 and >25 km·h-1), peak speed (km·h-1), and the number of accelerations and decelerations (1.5–2.5 m·s-2, 2.5–4 m·s-2 and 4–8 m·s-2). One-way analysis of variance of the magnitude-based inference was used to determine differences between matches. Data indicated that official matches scored statistically higher peak speeds (ES = 1.40–2.20). In modified-sided games more total distance was covered at <13.9 km·h-1 and >14 km·h-1 than in regular matches (ES = 0.72–2.21), but lower distances were covered at >21 km·h-1 and >25 km·h-1 than in official and friendly matches (ES = 0.51–2.53) and at >25 km·h-1 than in training matches (ES = 0.92). Likewise, the modified-side games showed a greater number of accelerations and decelerations than other types of matches (ES = 1.46–2.51). This work shows that friendly and training matches, in conjunction with modified-side games, are suitable tools to prepare soccer players for official matches.
The Effect of Arm Dominance on Knee Joint Biomechanics During Basketball Block Shot Single-Leg Landing

Abstract Single arm blocking is a key component of successful basketball defence. The player uses either their dominant or non-dominant arm to block the ball landing on a common leg. Understanding how the bio-physical loads of the landing leg change as a function of the blocking arm will provide insights into potential injury risk of the lower limb. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arm dominance on the biomechanical variables of injury risk of the lower limb, specifically the knee joint during the single-leg landing in female basketball players. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected from fourteen female basketball athletes (20.85 ± 1.35 years, 1.69 ± 0.06 m, 60.37 ± 7.75 kg), each performing three trials of a dominant arm and non-dominant block jump landing on the dominant leg. The results showed significantly higher anterior and medial ground reaction force, knee joint flexion and abduction and lateral knee force during the dominant arm landing (p < 0.05). These findings highlight potential injury risk and the need for the player to be more proficient at dominant arm block-shot landing. The player should aim to develop a larger landscape of technique to meet the demands of the game and facilitate a more effective and safer landing strategy.
Sheaves on manifolds : with a short history "Les débuts de la théorie des faisceaux" by Christian Houzel

A Short History: Les debuts de la theorie des faisceaux. - I. Homological algebra. - II. Sheaves. - III. Poincare-Verdier duality and Fourier-Sato transformation. - IV. Specialization and microlocalization. - V. Micro-support of sheaves. - VI. Micro-support and microlocalization. - VII. Contact transformations and pure sheaves. - VIII. Constructible sheaves. - IX. Characteristic cycles. - X. Perverse sheaves. - XI. Applications to O-modules and D-modules. - Appendix: Symplectic geometry. - Summary. - A.1. Symplectic vector spaces. - A.2. Homogeneous symplectic manifolds. - A.3. Inertia index. - Exercises to the Appendix. - Notes. - List of notations and conventions.
Radar detection based on compound-Gaussian model with inverse gamma texture

The coherent radar detection against a background of compound-Gaussian clutter with inverse gamma texture is studied and three detectors: One-step generalised likelihood ratio test (1S-GLRT), maximum a posteriori GLRT (MAP-GLRT) and two-step GLRT (2S-GLRT) are proposed. The detectors have the same structure with their test statistics and modified thresholds, respectively, related to the scale and the shape parameters of the texture, which can also be formulated in a matched filter (MF) form. Subsequently, the performance assessments are given by their probability of detection and probability of false alarm. The authors find that the probability of false alarm is dependent on the shape parameter, meaning the detectors have no CFAR property. When the shape parameter and the number of the integrated radar pulses satisfy certain condition, it has no relation with the shape parameter and then the detectors have CFAR property. Finally, simulation results show that: (i) 1S-GLRT and MAP-GLRT have the same performance for fixed probability of false alarm and 2S-GLRT bears slightly bad performance; (ii) the performance of 1S-GLRT is much closer to the adaptive coherence estimator (ACE) and is better than that of the Kelly GLRT and (iii) the 1S-GLRT is robust when parameter estimation errors exist.
Intrinsic phase separation in superconducting K0.8Fe1.6Se2 (Tc = 31.8 K) single crystals

Temperature dependent single-crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD) in transmission mode probing the bulk of the newly discovered K0.8Fe1. 6Se2 superconductor (Tc = 31.8 K) using synchrotron radiation is reported. A clear evidence of intrinsic phase separation at 520 K between two competing phases, (i) a first majority magnetic phase with a ThCr2Si2-type tetragonal lattice modulated by the iron vacancy ordering and (ii) a minority non-magnetic phase having an in-plane compressed lattice volume and a weak superstructure, is reported. The XRD peaks due to the Fe vacancy ordering in the majority phase disappear on increasing the temperature to 580 K, well above phase separation temperature, confirming the order–disorder phase transition. The intrinsic phase separation at 520 K between a competing first magnetic phase and a second non-magnetic phase in the normal phase both having lattice superstructures (that imply different Fermi surface topology reconstructions and charge densities) is assigned to a lattice-electronic instability of the K0.8Fe1. 6Se2 system typical of a system tuned at a Lifshitz critical point of an electronic topological transition that gives a multigap superconductor tuned to a shape resonance.
Seesaw fluctuations in ozone between the North Pacific and North Atlantic

Late winter surface pressure anomalies over the North Pacific and North Atlantic fluctuate from year to year in a seesaw. This Aleutian-Icelandic seesaw modulates the upward propagation of planetary waves into the stratosphere, thereby causing year-to-year fluctuations in the ozone layer . We first derive the Aleutian-Icelandic seesaw index from the 40-year re-analyses (ERA-40) compiled at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF). February column ozone derived from two decades of satellite ozone observations is then regressed upon the Aleutian-Icelandic index to uncover the seesaw ozone signature. The regression map obtained is contrasted with the ozone regression map associated to the Arctic Oscillation. Both the quasi-stationary and the transient eddy components of ozone are influenced by the seesaw, in a manner consistent with the seesaw imprint upon upper-tropospheric meteorological fields. The year-to-year variations in the February-mean ozone over the Aleutian and Icelandic sectors, which are anti-correlated, are shown to be dominated by the seesaw.
Low-Shot Learning and Pattern Separation using Cellular Automata Integrated CNNs

Traditionally, deep convolutional neural networks are computationally expensive to train and require large amounts of data samples. In this article, we explore the use of pre-trained cellular automata as a substitute for convolutional layers. We propose a specialized cellular automata system with multilayered attributes and kernels to better harness its inherent spatio-temporal processing capabilities. An architecture search, combining deep Q-learning with a speciated genetic algorithm, is used to optimize the kernels and identify cell attributes. Experiments under low-shot conditions demonstrate that the cellular automata-integrated CNN outperforms compact state-of-the-art CNN models by 6-10% on static image datasets and 8-12% on temporal image sequence datasets.