Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell metabolism, tumour diagnosis and multispectral FLIM

Fluorescence guided diagnosis of tumour tissue is in many cases insufficient, because false positive results are interfering with the outcome. Discrimination between tumour and inflammation could be therefore difficult. Improvement of fluorescence diagnosis through observation of cell metabolism could be the solution, which needs a detailed understanding of the origin of autofluorescence. However, a complex combination of fluorophores give rise to the emission signal. Also in PDD (photodynamic diagnosis) different photosensitizer metabolites contribute to the fluorescence signal. Therefore, the fluorescence decay in many cases does not show a simple monoexponential profile. In those cases a considerable improvement could be achieved when time-resolved and spectral-resolved techniques are simultaneously incorporated. The discussion will focus on the detection of NADH, FAD and 5-ALA induced porphyrins. With respect to NADH and FAD the discrimination between protein bound and free coenzyme was investigated with multispectral FLIM in normal oral keratinocytes and squamous carcinoma cells from different origin. The redox ratio, which can be correlated with the fluorescence lifetimes of NADH and FAD changed depending on the state of the cells. Most of the investigations were done in monolayer cell cultures. However, in order to get information from a more realistic in vivo situation additionally the chorioallantoismembrane (CAM) of fertilized eggs was used where tumour cells or biopsies were allowed to grow. The results of theses measurements will be discussed as well.
Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Evidence of Construct Validity in Argentinians

Suicide is a global public health problem. The goal of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the measurement of suicide severity based on the Columbia suicide severity rating scale. We worked with a sample of 516 Argentinean adults, aged 18 to 75. The fit of a measurement model that differentiates between the various degrees of suicidal severity was verified. The specified model returns fit values above the suggested cut-off points, both for the occurrence and frequency indicators. The internal consistency indices from the composite reliability coefficient also show values above the cut-off points for both occurrence and frequency. Finally, evidence of construct validity was obtained from the relationship with external variables. The results are consistent with the theory, showing stronger effects of hopelessness on suicidal ideation compared to suicide attempts. Overall, evidence of construct validity for the measurement of suicidal severity is presented, a contribution that is essential in remedying the lack of studies on suicide in the region and promoting prevention strategies.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Comparison of Immune-Complex-Mediated Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis and C3 Glomerulopathy

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is subdivided into immune-complex-mediated glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN) and C3 glomerulopathy (C3G). Classically, MPGN has a membranoproliferative-type pattern, but other morphologies have also been described depending on the time course and phase of the disease. Our aim was to explore whether the two diseases are truly different, or merely represent the same disease process. All 60 eligible adult MPGN patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2017 in the Helsinki University Hospital district, Finland, were reviewed retrospectively and asked for a follow-up outpatient visit for extensive laboratory analyses. Thirty-seven (62%) had IC-MPGN and 23 (38%) C3G (including one patient with dense deposit disease, DDD). EGFR was below normal (≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in 67% of the entire study population, 58% had nephrotic range proteinuria, and a significant proportion had paraproteins in their serum or urine. A classical MPGN-type pattern was seen in only 34% of the whole study population and histological features were similarly distributed. Treatments at baseline or during follow-up did not differ between the groups, nor were there significant differences observed in complement activity or component levels at the follow-up visit. The risk of end-stage kidney disease and survival probability were similar in the groups. IC-MPGN and C3G have surprisingly similar characteristics, kidney and overall survival, which suggests that the current subdivision of MPGN does not add substantial clinical value to the assessment of renal prognosis. The high proportion of paraproteins in patient sera or in urine suggests their involvement in disease development.
What Keeps Social Entrepreneurs Happy? Exploring Personality, Work Design, External Support, and Social Impact as Resources of Social Entrepreneurs’ Mental Well-Being

Social entrepreneurship (SE) is a new form of entrepreneurship dedicated to the creation of social value for its beneficiaries, either as a for-profit or not-for-profit enterprise. While, over the years, research has yielded notable insights regarding, e.g., social entrepreneurial nascence and motivations or contextual factors (dis-)favoring SE activity, not much is known about the resources social entrepreneurs have to maintain their mental well-being (MWB), which is essential for successfully accomplishing their social missions. The current study takes a psychological view, identifies four resource clusters (personality, work design, external support, and provision of social impact), and integrates these to empirically explore their predictive values for job-specific and general MWB. Building on a representative sample of South African social entrepreneurs from Gauteng and Limpopo Provinces, we apply structural equation modeling and find positive effects on social entrepreneur’s MWB in all resource clusters. Moreover, comparing for-profit and not-for profit social entrepreneurs yields differences in the levels and mechanisms of their MWB resources. Despite notable limitations, such as using cross-sectional data and a limited sample generalizability, our work offers the first framework shedding light on social entrepreneurs’ MWB-resources that can serve as a basis for future research and help SE-support programs to sustainably promote social entrepreneurs’ MWB.
Partitioning tropical heat and moisture budgets into cumulus and mesoscale components: implications for cumulus parameterization

Abstract Results from recent heat and moisture budget studies of tropical mesoscale convective systems have been used to partition the total heating in tropical disturbances into cumulus and mesoscale components The mesoscale component refer to that part of tropical cloud systems which contains mesoscale anvil circulations, viz., a mesoscale updraft in an upper-tropospheric cloud shield extending from near the 0°C level to near the 0°C level to near the tropopause and a mesoscale downdraft in the lower troposphere. The cumulus component, which is determined as a residual, consists of contributions from cumulus elements of all sizes, ranging from deep cumulonimbus to shallow cumulus; however, deep cumulus effects predominate in the tropical disturbances studied here. The method of partitioning requires an estimate of the fraction of f of the total rainfall in tropical disturbances produced by mesoscale anvil systems. The total apparent heat source Q1, and moisture sink Q2 of Yanai and others and the mesosc.
Wall-less liquid pathways formed with three-dimensional microring arrays

This paper describes a method to construct microfluidic pathways without physical walls—wall-less microchannels. Compared to the previous wall-less microfluidics based on two-dimensional patterns, this method uses three-dimensional ring arrays and two immiscible liquids. The distant rings generate free-standing liquid pathways in order to minimize liquid surfaces contacted to solid walls. In the experimental study, we reduced the liquid-solid interface area per volume to 17.3% of that of the conventional microchannels with squared cross-sections. We envision that this aspect would be significant in micro/nano-fluidics, whose surface-area-to-volume ratio is extremely large.
On the properties of discrete adjoints of numerical methods for the advection equation

This paper discusses several aspects related to the consistency of the discrete adjoints of upwind numerical schemes. Both linear (finite differences, finite volumes) and nonlinear (slope and flux‐limited) discretizations of the one‐dimensional advection equation are considered. The analysis is focused on uniform meshes and on explicit numerical schemes. We show that the discrete adjoints may lose consistency near the points where upwinding changes, near inflow boundaries where another numerical scheme is employed, and near the locations where the slope/flux limiter is active in the forward simulation. Numerical results are presented to support the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivalued fractals in b-metric spaces

Fractals and multivalued fractals play an important role in biology, quantum mechanics, computer graphics, dynamical systems, astronomy and astrophysics, geophysics, etc. Especially, there are important consequences of the iterated function (or multifunction) systems theory in several topics of applied sciences. It is known that examples of fractals and multivalued fractals are coming from fixed point theory for single-valued and multivalued operators, via the so-called fractal and multi-fractal operators. On the other hand, the most common setting for the study of fractals and multi-fractals is the case of operators on complete or compact metric spaces. The purpose of this paper is to extend the study of fractal operator theory for multivalued operators on complete b-metric spaces.
Detection of real periodicity in the terrestrial impact crater record: quantity and quality requirements

Aims. To determine the quantity and quality requirements for the terrestrial impact crater data which would allow reliable detection of real periodicity. Methods. Artificial impact crater data samples of different size and accuracy are simulated. Erosion is considered, as well as the effect of the unknown ratio between periodic and aperiodic impacts. The probabilities for detecting real and false periodicities are solved with the Rayleigh test from these simulated data. Results. Reliable detection of real periodicity is currently impossible – unless all impacts on Earth have been periodic.
The Acute Optic Neuritis Network (ACON): Study protocol of a non-interventional prospective multicenter study on diagnosis and treatment of acute optic neuritis

Optic neuritis (ON) often occurs at the presentation of multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). The recommended treatment of high-dose corticosteroids for ON is based on a North American study population, which did not address treatment timing or antibody serostatus. The Acute Optic Neuritis Network (ACON) presents a global, prospective, observational study protocol primarily designed to investigate the effect of time to high-dose corticosteroid treatment on 6-month visual outcomes in ON. Patients presenting within 30 days of the inaugural ON will be enrolled. For the primary analysis, patients will subsequently be assigned into the MS-ON group, the aquapotin-4-IgG positive ON (AQP4-IgG+ON) group or the MOG-IgG positive ON (MOG-IgG+ON) group and then further sub-stratified according to the number of days from the onset of visual loss to high-dose corticosteroids (days-to-Rx). The primary outcome measure will be high-contrast best-corrected visual acuity (HC-BCVA) at 6 months. In addition, multimodal data will be collected in subjects with any ON (CIS-ON, MS-ON, AQP4-IgG+ON or MOG-IgG+ON, and seronegative non-MS-ON), excluding infectious and granulomatous ON. Secondary outcomes include low-contrast best-corrected visual acuity (LC-BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG levels, neurofilament, and glial fibrillary protein), and patient reported outcome measures (headache, visual function in daily routine, depression, and quality of life questionnaires) at presentation at 6-month and 12-month follow-up visits. Data will be collected from 28 academic hospitals from Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Europe, North America, South America, and Australia. Planned recruitment consists of 100 MS-ON, 50 AQP4-IgG+ON, and 50 MOG-IgG+ON. This prospective, multimodal data collection will assess the potential value of early high-dose corticosteroid treatment, investigate the interrelations between functional impairments and structural changes, and evaluate the diagnostic yield of laboratory biomarkers. This analysis has the ability to substantially improve treatment strategies and the accuracy of diagnostic stratification in acute demyelinating ON. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05605951.
SN 1983V in NGC 1365 and the Nature of Stripped Envelope Core-Collapse Supernovae

We present CCD photometry and low-resolution spectra of the spectroscopic Type Ic supernova SN 1983V in NGC 1365. Photometry in the B band spans nearly 250 days after maximum light, while the spectra cover the photospheric epoch, from 9 days before up to 38 days after B maximum. We also compile and discuss infrared photometry that has been published elsewhere. The photometric evolution of SN 1983V is analyzed in comparison with other Type Ic supernovae and with SN 1983N and SN 1993J. The spectroscopic evolution is described, line identifications are proposed, and evidence for H, He, and Si is discussed. The photometric evolution of SN 1983V suggests that it is a close relative of SN 1983N and SN 1993J, events for which it is supposed that the external layers comprising most of the He/H and H shells, respectively, were lost before the explosion. The mass-to-energy ratios of SN 1983V and SN 1993J are substantially different if estimated from the expansion velocities. However, the similarity of the B light curves suggests that if the masses and mass-to-energy ratios are not similar, then the mass of SN 1983V has to be large enough to compensate for the higher mass-to-energy ratio. The latter possibility contradicts the standard scenarios that describe these events and implies a precise fine-tuning of the masses and mass-to-energy ratios of the two supernovae. This contradiction, however, could be resolved if a significant fraction of the inner ejecta containing 56Ni does not follow the decrease in density expected for a spherically symmetric, homologous expansion.
Case report: ATIC-ALK fusion in infant-type hemispheric glioma and response to lorlatinib

Introduction Infant type hemispheric gliomas are a rare tumor with unique molecular characteristics. In many cases these harbor mutations in receptor tyrosine kinase pathways and respond to targeted therapy. Here we describe the case of an infant with this type of tumor with a novel ATIC-ALK fusion that has responded dramatically to the ALK inhibitor lorlatinib, despite being refractory to standard chemotherapy. Case description The infant was initially treated with standard chemotherapy and found to have an ATIC-ALK fusion. When surveillance imaging revealed progressive disease, the patient was switched to the ALK-inhibitor lorlatinib at 47 mg/m2/day. The patient demonstrated a significant clinical and radiographic response to the ALK inhibitor lorlatinib after just 3 months of treatment and a near complete response by 6 months of therapy. Conclusion The ALK inhibitor lorlatinib is an effective targeted therapy in infant type hemispheric glioma patients harboring ATIC-ALK fusion.
Gauging response time distributions to examine the effect of facial expression inversion

Introduction We used images of facial expressions (FEs) of emotion in a speeded Same/Different task to examine (i) distributional characteristics of response times (RTs) in relation to inter-stimulus similarity and (ii) the impact of inversion on FE processing. Methods Stimuli were seven emotion prototypes, posed by one male and one female, and eight intermediate morphs. Image pairs (N = 225) were presented for 500 ms, upright or inverted, in a block design, each 100 times. Results For both upright and inverted FEs, RTs were a non-monotonic function: median values were longest for stimulus pairs of intermediate similarity, decreasing for both more-dissimilar and more-similar pairs. RTs of “Same” and “Different” judgments followed ex-Gaussian distributions. The non-monotonicity is interpreted within a dual-process decision model framework as reflecting the infrequency of identical pairs, shifting the balance between the Same and Different processes. The effect of stimulus inversion was gauged by comparing RT-based multidimensional scaling solutions for the two presentation modes. Solutions for upright and inverted FEs showed little difference, with both displaying some evidence of categorical perception. The same features appeared in hierarchical clustering solutions. Discussion This outcome replicates and reinforces the solutions derived from accuracy of “Different” responses reported in our earlier companion paper. We attribute this lack of inversion effect to the brief exposure time, allowing low-level visual processing to dominate Same/Different decisions while elevating early featural analysis, which is insensitive to face orientation but enables initial positive/negative valence categorization of FEs.
The Hall Effect in the Viscous Flow of Ionized Gas between Parallel Plates under Transverse Magnetic Field

The electrical conductivity of an ionized gas is anisotropic in the presence of magnetic field (Hall effect). The conductivity is expressed by a tensor in the same form for both fully and partially ionized gases. By the use of modified Ohm's law and conventional magnetohydrodynamical equations the incompressible viscous flow between parallel plates under the transverse magnetic field is analyzed and an exact solution is obtained when the magnetic Reynolds number is small. The numerical results reveal a remarkable effect of anisotropy of conductivity. The acceleration and deceleration of viscous ionized gas under combined electric and magnetic fields are also calculated.
Association of Cognitive Deficit with Glutamate and Insulin Signaling in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Cognitive deficit is a frequent non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD) with an unclear pathogenesis. Recent research indicates possible involvement of insulin resistance and glutamate excitotoxicity in PD development. We investigated cognitive performance and the brain glutamate and insulin signaling in a rat model of PD induced by bilateral intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Cognitive functions were assessed with Passive Avoidance (PA) and Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and proteins involved in insulin (insulin receptor - IR, phosphoinositide 3 kinase - pI3K, extracellular signal-regulated kinases-ERK) and glutamate receptor (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptos-AMPAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor - NMDAR) signaling was assessed in the hippocampus (HPC), hypothalamus (HPT) and striatum (S) by immunofluorescence, Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Three months after 6-OHDA treatment, cognitive deficit was accompanied by decreased AMPAR activity and TH levels (HPC, S), while levels of the proteins involved in insulin signaling remained largely unchanged. Spearman’s rank correlation revealed a strong positive correlation for pAMPAR-PA (S), pNMDAR-pI3K (HPC) and pNMDAR-IR (all regions). Additionally, a positive correlation was found for TH-ERK and TH-pI3K, and a negative one for TH-MWM/errors and pI3K-MWM/time (S). These results suggest a possible association between brain glutamate (but not insulin) signaling dysfunction and cognitive deficit in a rat PD model, detected three months after 6-OHDA treatment.
Stratified turbulence dominated by vortical motion

We present numerical simulations of stably stratified, vortically forced turbulence at a wide range of Froude numbers. Large-scale vortical forcing was chosen to represent geophysical vortices which break down at small scales where Coriolis effects are weak. The resulting vortical energy spectra are much steeper in the horizontal direction and shallower in the vertical than typical observations in the atmosphere and ocean, as noted in previous studies. We interpret these spectra in terms of the vertical decoupling which emerges in the strongly stratified limit. We show that this decoupling breaks down at a vertical scale of $U/N$, where $N$ is the Brunt–Väisälä frequency and $U$ is a characteristic horizontal velocity, confirming previous scaling arguments. The transfer of vortical energy to wave energy is most efficient at this vertical scale; vertical spectra of wave energy are correspondingly peaked at small scales, as observed in past work. The equilibrium statistical mechanics of the inviscid unforced truncated problem qualitatively predicts the nature of the forced–dissipative solutions, and confirms the lack of an inverse cascade of vortical energy.
Temporal characterization of attosecond XUV fields

Building on the concepts developed for femtosecond metrology, this paper proposes a unified perspective of different techniques for the temporal characterization of attosecond XUV fields. These techniques rely on the conversion of the field to be characterized into a continuum electron wavepacket replica, through single-photon photoionization of an atom. A dressing laser field is then used as an ultrafast phase modulator on this wavepacket, for instance allowing one to shear or to streak it in energy. We present different ways of using this time-nonstationry filter with a multi-PHz bandwidth to characterize attosecond electron wavepackets, and hence attosecond fields.
Recent results in hyperring and hyperfield theory

This survey article presents some recent results in the theory of hyperfields and hyperrings, algebraic structures for which the sum of two elements is a subset of the structure. The results in this paper show that these structures cannot always be embedded in the decomposition of an ordinary structure (ring or field) in equivalence classes and that the structural results for hyperfields and hyperrings cannot be derived from the corresponding results in field and ring theory.