Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Anisotropy and Polarization of Stress-Induced Microwave Radiation Changes in Granite and Their Significance for Seismic Remote Sensing

Incidence angles (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and polarization modes (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) are the essential factors for detecting earthquake (EQ)-related microwave radiation anomalies. However, their influences are still not well studied. In this article, research was carried out to simulate the observation of satellite on EQ under different <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The microwave observation experiments were performed on granite samples pressed with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> from 0° to 30°, as well as vertical (v) to horizontal (h) polarizations under weak radiation environment. It was found that the stress-induced changes (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta T_{\mathrm {B}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) in the samples’ microwave brightness temperature (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{\mathrm {B}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) are anisotropic and polarized. It was observed that the trends of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta T_{\mathrm {B}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> may be reversed under different <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), with a probability of 57.14% (14.29%). The magnitude of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta T_{\mathrm {B}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at h is also prone to greater changes than that at v, with a probability of 67.86%. Theoretical analysis was performed based on crystal optics, Fresnel formulas, and dielectric physics. This phenomenon may relate to the combined action of piezoelectric effect, extension and contraction of ionic bonds, and turning-direction polarization. The sensitivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{\mathrm {B}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to the change in permittivity was analyzed by theoretical simulation in order to reveal the effects of modification in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula> on the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{\mathrm {B}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> change in stress of rock. For rocks with permittivity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon =\,\, 7 - i0.3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the most and least sensitive <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> are near 52° at h polarization and 69° at v polarization, respectively. Finally, the significance of these results was discussed.
Surface Area of Activated Carbon Determined by the Iodine Adsorption Number

Abstract The specific surface area determination of activated carbons by means of the low-temperature argon adsorption (the BET method) was compared with the measurement of the surface area based on the adsorption of I2 from the aqueous KI solution. It is proposed to recalculate the iodine adsorption number for the BET surface area. It is shown that the SIN method can be used for a quick estimation of the structure development of porous carbonaceous materials.
Exploring the problems faced by school going and non-school going street children

Like all other children, street children have the basic right to develop, survive and thrive. A street child in India is someone "for whom the street has become his or her habitual abode and/or source of livelihood; and who is inadequately protected, supervised, or directed by responsible adults. Due to various push or pull factors they come to live on the streets and take on the full responsibilities of caring for themselves, including working to provide for and protecting themselves. Though street children do sometimes bind together for greater security, they are often exploited by employers and the police. With the objective to identify the problems faced by street children of Lucknow city, the present study was conducted at various crowded places of Lucknow city, Uttar Pradesh, India.The sample for the study was identified using snowballing sampling technique. The final sample comprised of 100 street children (81 boys and 19 girls) 6 to 12 years old. Result reveals that majority (82.60%) of the school going street children were boys while only 17.39 per cent girls attended school. It is evident from the data that the major proportion (47.0%) of the children were under 8-10 years followed by 10-12 years with 35.0% and a mere 18.0% under 6-8 years. Lack of access to basic medical facilities was the problem faced by majority (84.0%) of the street children in their day to day lives while the problems experienced by them while being on street were asking for explanation for being on street by the passer-by as reported by 48.0 percent children followed by Scolding (30.0%) and 22.0 per cent children reported that they were even abused verbally while being on street.
PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY OF BROILER CHICKS FED DIETS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PALM OIL AND TANNIA TUBER MEAL

Seven all purpose diets coded treatment A to G containing 0% to 2.5% palm oil and 20% tannia tuber meal were compared in an experiment done at Gregorio Araneta University Foundation Experimental Station in the Philippines, using 210 unsexes (Sanders) one – day – oil broiler chicks. The chicks were raised in 21-slated poultry pens (10 birds/pen) of 85 x 117 x 27cm in length, width and height, respectively and the pen temperature (T oF) maintained between 95 oF and 65 oF according to the ages of the birds. The chicks were fed for 49 days. Improvement on production criteria were observed (P 0.05) observed among the experimental chicks on daily water and feed intake values. Significant effects were noted on live weight at slaughter, dressing percentage and cut–up yield percentage (P Journal of Applied Chemistry and Agricultural Research Vol. 7 2000-2001: pp. 1-16
Analysis of a polydisperse aqueous spray from a high-speed spinning disk atomizer

The analysis covers experiments made using flat rotating disks of 2, 3 and 5 cm diameter having controlled matt working surfaces. Rotational speeds varied from 19 000-70 000 rev/min and water feed rates were 0.121, 0.421 and 0.771 g/s. The independent variation of Sauter mean diameter (S.m.d.) and of maximum droplet diameter with disk size, liquid flow rate and rotational speed were found and the general correlation is expressed using dimensionless groups. The extent of the dispersion is numerically expressed as a Rosin-Rammler distribution constant. Good correlation was found between both (a) S.m.d. and (b) maximum droplet diameter, and the appropriate products of dimensionless groups. The distribution constant is expressed empirically in terms of speed and flow rate, but the correlation is less satisfactory than in the case of (a) and (b). No information is given on the mode of fracture, but limitations of the analytical method are explored.
Experimental Study of Model Biogas Catalytic Steam Reforming: 2. Impact of Sulfur on the Deactivation and Regeneration of Ni-Based Catalysts

To investigate the effect of sulfur in biogas on steam reforming, the effectiveness and deactivation behavior of Ni-based catalysts in the presence of H2S are experimentally studied. A model biogas, using a constant molar ratio of CH4/CO2 = 1.5, is contacted to supported nickel catalysts in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reformer. Various partial pressures of H2S, in the range of 15−145 ppm, are introduced to the feed gas, and the catalyst activity is characterized in terms of methane conversion. Tests are carried out at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range of 700−900 °C. The results show that the catalyst activity strongly depends upon operating temperature. The effectiveness of the H2S concentration on catalyst deactivation behavior also differs for various operating temperatures, which shows a stronger effect at 800 °C compared to 700 or 900 °C. To investigate the impact of the type of catalyst, a comparison of two different catalysts is carried out. To study the regenerability of the catalyst, .
Boron drug delivery via encapsulated magnetic nanocomposites: a new approach for BNCT in cancer treatment

Ortho-carborane cages have been successfully attached to modified magnetic nanoparticles via catalytic azide-alkyne cycloadditions between 1-R-2-butyl-Ortho-C2B10H10(R = Me, 3; Ph, 4) and propargyl group-enriched magnetic nanoparticles. A loading amount of 9.83 mmol boron atom/g starch-matrixed magnetic nanoparticles has been reached. The resulting nanocomposites have been found to be highly tumor-targeted vehicles under the influence of an external magnetic field (1.14T), yielding a high boron concentration of 51.4 µg/g tumor and ratios of around 10 : 1 tumor to normal tissues.
A Comparison of Procedural Safety Training in Three Conditions: Virtual Reality Headset, Smartphone, and Printed Materials

Virtual reality (VR) experiences are receiving increasing attention in education and training. Some VR setups can deliver immersive VR training (e.g., on multiple projected screens), while others can deliver nonimmersive VR training (e.g., on standard desktop monitors). Recently, consumer VR headsets make it possible to deliver immersive VR training with six-degrees-of-freedom tracking of trainees’ head as well as hand controllers, while most smartphones can deliver nonimmersive VR training without the need for additional hardware. Previous studies compared immersive and nonimmersive VR setups for training, highlighting effects on performance, learning, presence, and engagement, but no study focused on contrasting procedural training with (immersive) VR headsets and (nonimmersive) smartphones. This article conducts a comparison of these two VR setups in the aviation safety domain. The considered training concerned door opening procedures in different aircraft and included a virtual instructor. In addition, we compared the two VR setups with the traditional printed materials used in the considered domain, i.e., safety cards. Results show that both VR setups allowed gaining and retaining more procedural knowledge than printed materials, and led to higher confidence in performing procedures. However, only the VR headset was considered to be significantly more usable than the printed materials, and presence was higher with the VR headset than the smartphone. The VR headset turned out to be important also for engagement and satisfaction, which were higher with the VR headset than both the printed materials and the smartphone. We discuss the implications of these results.
Covid-19 School Closures and Parental Labor Supply in the United States

We examine the role of school closures in contributing to the negative labor market impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. We collect detailed daily information on school closures at the school-district level, which we merge to individual level data on various employment and socio- demographic characteristics from the monthly Current Population Survey from January 2019 through May 2020. Using a difference-in-differences estimation approach, we gauge how the intensity of school closures affects the labor supply of mothers and fathers of young school-age children. We find evidence of non-negligible labor supply reductions, particularly among mothers. These impacts prove robust to endogeneity checks and persist after accounting for other social-distancing measures in place.
BiLuNetICP: A Deep Neural Network for Object Semantic Segmentation and 6D Pose Recognition

The ability of understanding a scene and predicting the pose of objects has attracted significant interests in recent years. Specifically, it is used with visual sensors to provide the information for a robotic manipulator to interact with the target. Thus, 6D pose estimation and object recognition from point clouds or RGB-D images are important tasks for visual servoing. In this article, we propose a learning based approach to perform 6D pose estimation for robotic manipulation using a BiLuNetICP pipeline. It consists of a multi-path convolutional neural network (CNN) for semantic segmentation on RGB images. The network extracts the object mask and uses it to merge with the depth information to perform 6D pose estimation by the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. We collected our own dataset for training and evaluate with Intersection over Union (IoU). The proposed method is able to provide better results compared with Unet++ using a small amount of training data. For the robotic grasping application, we test and evaluate our approach using a HIWIN 6-axis robot with Asus Xtion Live 3D camera and our structured-light depth camera. The experimental results demonstrate its efficiency in computation and the high success rate in grasping.
A MTPA Control Strategy for Mono-Inverter Multi-PMSM System

Making electrical driving systems cheaper, lighter, and more reliable is the consistent pursuit of current research and development. Mono-inverter multipermanent magnet synchronous motor systems tend to share the static converters in electromechanical systems by connecting machines in parallel. This type of system has an obvious advantage in overall weight and cost. In this article, we have proposed a new maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control strategy for a MIMPMSM system, which supports three or more machines in parallel and works both in motor mode and brake mode. The calculation of the MTPA point minimizing the overall joule loss of the system is also given. The synchronization condition, stability, and optimal efficiency of the system are strictly proven. This new control structure is simple making current single PMSM systems easy to upgrade to support the MIMPMSM system. The experiment has demonstrated its feasibility, stability, and improvements in efficiency.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF TRADE IN OIL DERIVATIVES IN SERBIA BY APPLYING THE FUZZY AHP-TOPSIS METHOD

The problem of analyzing trade efficiency is topical, significant and very complex. Multi-criteria decision-making has been increasingly used recently. With that regard, this paper analyzes the efficiency of trade in oil derivatives in Serbia with integrated application of the Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS method. The results of this study show that of all the observed criteria (earnings, assets, capital, sales and net profit), the most significant are employees` earnings and capital respectively, and that the most effective companies are Daki Petrol, Oil Industry of Serbia (NIS), and Horizon Petrol. The most inefficient companies are Eko Serbia, Lukoil and Naftachem. In order to improve their efficiency in the future, it is necessary to manage assets, capital, sales and profits as efficiently as possible. Likewise, it is imperative that employees' earnings are at an “acceptable level” in accordance with the business conditions in a given business environment.
Direct numerical simulation of solidifying liquid turbulence using the phase-field model

We realized a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the turbulent ﬂow of liquid along a solid wall with solidiﬁcation by incorporating the phase-ﬁeld model. The combination of DNS and phase-ﬁeld model can clarify the mechanism of modulation of a turbulent boundary layer of liquid solidifying upon a solid wall and assist in constructing a prediction method in the future. The simulations allow observation of turbulent ﬂow along a solid wall surface that grows with the solidiﬁcation of a ﬂowing liquid under an undercooling condition. In the ﬂow ﬁeld, turbulence structures such as velocity streaks and quasi-streamwise vortices were noted to diminish, and the turbulent ﬂow tended to be laminar. In contrast, there were no changes in the turbulence statistics in the region above the growing solid–liquid interface. The solidiﬁcation structure had a bent shape, which was caused by the e ﬀ ects of advection downstream and growing in the upstream direction owing to the undercooled ﬂuid ﬂowing from upstream. The wall surface grew non-uniformly depending on the local ﬂow patterns and temperature distribution caused by turbulence structures close to the wall surface. The complex shape of the wall surface, which was observed during simulation, was originally triggered by the initial distribution of the turbulence structures. Sweep events in the high-speed streaks relatively expedited the growth of the solidiﬁcation structures, which then modiﬁed the turbulence structures. The interaction between the turbulence structure and solidiﬁcation structure promotes laminarization of the ﬂuid ﬂow.
Postural and respiratory function of the abdominal muscles: A pilot study to measure abdominal wall activity using belt sensors

BACKGROUND: The abdominal muscles play an important respiratory and stabilization role, and in coordination with other muscles regulate intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) to stabilize the spine. OBJECTIVE: To examine a new, non-invasive method to measure activation of the abdominal wall and compare changes in muscle activation during respiration while breathing under a load, and during instructed breathing. METHODS: Thirty-five healthy individuals completed this observational crossover study. Two capacitive force sensors registered the abdominal wall force during resting breathing stereotype, instructed breathing stereotype and under a load. RESULTS: Mean abdominal wall force increased significantly on both sensors when holding the load compared to resting breathing (Upper Sensor: P< 0.0005, d=-0.46, Lower Sensor: P< 0.0005, d=-0.56). The pressure on both sensors also significantly increased during instructed breathing compared to resting breathing (US: P< 0.0005, d=-0.76, LS: P< 0.0005, d=-0.78). CONCLUSIONS: The use of capacitive force-sensors represent a new, non-invasive method to measure abdominal wall activity. Clinically, belts with capacitive force sensors can be used as a feedback tool to train abdominal wall activation.
A Novel, Efficient Implementation of a Local Binary Convolutional Neural Network

In order to reduce the computational complexity of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the local binary convolutional neural network (LBCNN) has been proposed. In the LBCNN, a convolutional layer is divided into two sublayers. Sublayer 1 is a sparse ternary-weighted convolutional layer, and Sublayer 2 is a 1 $\times$ 1 convolutional layer. With the use of two sublayers, the LBCNN has lower computational complexity and uses less memory than the CNN. In this brief, we propose a platform that includes a weight preprocessor and layer accelerator for the LBCNN. The proposed weight preprocessor takes advantage of the sparsity in the LBCNN and encodes the weight offline. The layer accelerator effectively uses the encoded data to reduce computational complexity and memory accesses for an inference. When compared to the state-of-the-art design, the experimental results show that the number of clock cycles are reduced by 76.32%, and memory usage is reduced by 39.41%. The synthesized results show that the clock period is reduced by 4.76%; the cell area is reduced by 46.48%, and the power consumption is reduced by 40.87%. The inference accuracy is the same as that of the state-of-the-art design.
Investigating the role of virtual social networks in non-syllabus studies

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of virtual social networks and the non-syllabus studies of students at Payame Noor University in Izeh city of Iran. The research is purposeful and applied in terms of survey method. Out of 1200 students from Payame Noor University of Izeh city, 316 students were selected and analysed using Krejcie and Morgan's tables. Two questionnaires were used to collect the data of virtual networks and non-syllabus study. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation coefficient, single-sample t-test and independent t-test were used. The results of this study showed that the correlation coefficient between the amount of social networks usage and the rate of study of non-teaching resources was statistically significant (P <0.01). As a result, with the increasing use of social networks by students, their non-syllabus study rates also increase. Also, the average use of social networks and student non-syllabus was 56.90 and 45.30 respectively, so the amount of social network use and non-syllabus study among students was lower than the criterion. The amount of T calculated for using social networks and non-syllabus studies in male and female students was 1.5 and 0.37 respectively, which shows that there is no significant relationship between these two relationships. Acceptance of virtual social media has not been overlooked in recent years, so if academics and administrators lose sight of the extent and the positive and negative factors of the use of virtual social networks among their students and society, they will lose a huge amount of money.
Quantifying the Estimation and Abundance of Plant Diversity of Shigar Valley, Gilgit -Baltistan, Pakistan

The studies were carried out from July 2017 to March 2018 in Shigar valley different Union Councils. The area lies between 7444 feet to 11694 feet from Above sea level in the Alpine zone including, Niali Nallah, Laxar Nallah, Nallah, Markuja union, Marapi union, Chorkah union, Gulapur. The study sites were randomly selected based on (1) herbs or shrubs land on the field periphery, (2) open grassland and arable land associated with sparse vegetation on rocks, stones, (3) forest land and open lands associated with sparse tree vegetation catchment of river and (4) forest land and arable land associated with dunes and rocky terrain. The quadrate method was used to record of vegetation from the selected study sites. A total of 59 plants species both medicinally and economically important were recorded at four study sites of CKNP and revealed that 30 herbs followed by 14 trees, 11 kinds of grass, and 4 shrubs respectively the dominant tree species recorded from all habitat types were Juniper sexcelsa, Elaeagnus ambulate, Morus alba, Salix Wilhelmina and Populus nigra. The most common herbs recorded were Artimisa brevifolia, Tanacetum, Echinops echinatus, Capparis sponsia, Ephedra intermedia, Peganum harmala, Daucus carota, Medicago sativa, Typha lotifuliya and Astragalus rhizanthus. The dominant shrubs were Rosa webbina, Hippophae rhamnoides, Sophora Molis and Myricaria germanica. The grasses recorded in the study area were Poa Alpina, Setaria Viridis, Hetropogon contortus, Cynodon dactylon, Taraxacum oritinlis, Trifolium repens and Cascuta reflexa. These plants are also used by local communities for fuelwood and timber. This study will be beneficial for locals and governments for the protection and conservation of this indigenous flora as well as fauna in the future.