Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonprofit Financial Response to Immigration

Nonprofit organizations are important actors in local communities, providing services to vulnerable populations and acting as stewards for charitable contributions from other members of the population. An important question is whether nonprofits spend or receive additional revenues in response to changes in the populations they serve. Because immigrant populations both receive and contribute to nonprofit resources, changes in immigrant numbers should be reflected in changing financial behavior of local nonprofits. Using data from the National Center for Charitable Statistics and the American Community Survey, we study whether nonprofit financial transactions change in response to changes in the local immigration population, the nature of the change, and the degree to which these changes vary by nonprofit type. Findings suggest that nonprofit financial behavior changes with growth and decline in immigrant populations underscoring the importance of nonprofits as service providers and contribute to an understanding of how organizations respond to external forces.
Prescribed Water Intake in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.

Prescribed Water Intake in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease The effect of increased water intake on kidney cyst growth in patients with polycystic kidney disease was compared for two groups randomly assigned to either prescribed or ad libitum water intake. Over 3 years, there was no difference in height-corrected total kidney volume between the groups.
Effect of Lantana camara essential oil on embryogenesis and postembryonic development of the blowfly, Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) following egg treatment

ABSTRACT Chrysomya megacephala is a vector for many pathogens and causes myiasis in vertebrates. In the present investigation, essential oil (EO) of Lantana camara was analysed by GC-MS to determine its chemical composition. Furthermore, this oil was tested against the eggs of C. megacephala to examine its ovicidal effect. Compositional analysis of EO revealed major components in the EO were α- pinene, caryophyllene, Geranyl acetate, and eucalyptol. Results of the contact toxicity are encouraging, as this EO proved fatal against blowfly eggs at 1 and 2 µl doses in a dose-dependent manner. Latent effects were also noticed in the progeny eclosed from treated eggs, leading to larval and pupal toxicity, reduced pupariation, pupal-adult intermediate formation, and suppressed emergence. We also report for the first time about the juvenoid nature of L. camara oil. Our result on the significant negative effects of L. camara EO on C. megacephala embryonic survival suggests that it can be considered in future designs of green pesticides against dipterans.
Assembly of Polyiodide Networks with Cu(II) Complexes of Pyridinol-Based Tetraaza Macrocycles

Polyiodide networks are currently of great practical interest for the preparation of new electronic materials. The participation of metals in the formation of these networks is believed to improve their mechanical performance and thermal stability. Here we report the results on the construction of polyiodide networks obtained using Cu(II) complexes of a series of pyridinol-based tetraazacyclophanes as countercations. The assembly of these crystalline polyiodides takes place from aqueous solutions on the basis of similar structural elements, the [CuL]2+ and [Cu(H–1L)]+ (L = L2, L2-Me, L2-Me3) complex cations, so that the peculiarities induced by the increase of N-methylation of ligands, the structural variable of ligands, can be highlighted. First, solution equilibria involving ligands and complexes were analyzed (potentiometry, NMR, UV–vis, ITC). Then, the appropriate conditions could be selected to prepare polyiodides based on the above complex cations. Single-crystal XRD analysis showed that the coordination of pyridinol units to two metal ions is a prime feature of these ligands, leading to polymeric coordination chains of general formula {[Cu(H–1L)]}nn+ (L = L2-Me, L2-Me3). In the presence of the I–/I2 couple, the polymerization tendency stops with the formation of [(CuL)(CuH–1L)]3+ (L = L2-Me, L2-Me3) dimers which are surrounded by polyiodide networks. Moreover, coordination of the pyridinol group to two metal ions transforms the surface charge of the ring from negative to markedly positive, generating a suitable environment for the assembly of polyiodide anions, while N-methylation shifts the directional control of the assembly from H-bonds to I···I interactions. In fact, an extended concatenation of iodine atoms occurs around the complex dimeric cations, the supramolecular I···I interactions become shorter and shorter, fading into stronger forces dominated by the orbital overlap, which is promising for effective electronic materials.
New species of Nearctic oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini).

Twenty nine new species of cynipid oak gall wasps from the Nearctic region (America north of Mexico) are described: Andricus archboldi Melika Abrahamson, sp. nov., A. catalinensis Melika, Nicholls Stone, sp. nov., A. chapmanii Melika Abrahamson, sp. nov., A. chiricahuensis Melika, Nicholls Stone, sp. nov., A. coconinoensis Melika, Nicholls Stone, sp. nov., A. columbiensis Melika, Nicholls Stone, sp. nov., A. cooki Melika, Nicholls Stone, sp. nov., A. fitzpatricki Melika Abrahamson, sp. nov., A. highlandensis Melika, Nicholls Stone, sp. nov., A. mellificus Nicholls, Stone Melika, sp. nov., A. menkei Melika Abrahamson, sp. nov., A. mogollonensis Melika, Nicholls Stone, sp. nov., A. nichollsi Melika Stone, sp. nov., A. schickae Nicholls, Melika Stone, sp. nov., A. torreyaensis Melika Abrahamson, sp. nov., A. williami Melika, Nicholls Stone, sp. nov., Antron lovellae Melika, Nicholls Stone, sp. nov., A.tomkursari Melika, Nicholls Stone, sp. nov., Dryocosmus archboldi Melika Abrahamson, sp. nov., Loxaulus virginianae Melika Buss, sp. nov., Neuroterus alexandrae Nicholls Melika, sp. nov., N. aliceae Melika, Nicholls Stone, sp. nov., N. bussae Melika Nicholls, sp. nov., N. oblongifoliae Nicholls, Stone Melika, sp. nov., N. quaili Melika, Nicholls Stone, sp. nov., N. rosieae Melika, Nicholls Stone, sp. nov., N. stonei Melika Nicholls, sp. nov., Zapatella abrahamsoni Melika, sp. nov., Z. brooksvillei Melika Abrahamson, sp. nov. Alternate asexual and sexual generations are described for four species, Andricus archboldi Melika Abrahamson, sp. nov., A. fitzpatricki Melika Abrahamson, sp. nov., A. schickae Nicholls, Melika Stone, sp. nov., Neuroterus aliceae Melika, Nicholls Stone, sp. nov. Descriptions, diagnoses, plus information on biology and host associations are given for all new species. All taxa are supported by morphological data; matching of generations is established using DNA sequence data. We also demonstrate that Neuroterus niger var. alimas Kinsey should be considered as a nomen dubium.
Personalist ruling parties in democracies

ABSTRACT This study introduces a new data set on personalism in ruling parties across the world’s democracies. We conceptualize party personalism as the extent to which parties are vehicles to advance leaders’ personal political careers such that the leader has more control over the party than do other senior party elites and compare this concept with related ones. After describing the measurement strategy and demonstrating measurement reliability and validity, we show the global and historical patterns of ruling party personalism in the past three decades. We then use this measure to examine whether personalist ruling parties shape two outcomes relevant to the quality of democracy: political polarization and citizen satisfaction with democracy. We show that when leaders backed by a personalist political party win power, political polarization increases; we do not find that party personalism influences citizen support for democracy, however. Our findings suggest that the election of leaders supported by personalist political parties sets in motion meaningful political changes, though not in all the domains observers have proposed. We close this study by discussing additional areas in which our data can be used in future research.
Entrepreneurial Leadership Talent - an empirical research for keyfactors

An academic curiosity to investigate talent and enlighten talent development on entrepreneurial leaders motivated an empirical survey in 2012 on 55 entrepreneurs and their innate talent as well as their learned talent. Moreover, entrepreneurship has considerable governmental attention according to the economic impact on society and future welfare. The talent and especially the talent development appeared to be tightly connected to the individual entrepreneur? s professional possibilities to achieve success in the entrepreneurial field. In addition, the survey outlines that talent development on entrepreneurial leadership progress over time from surrounding problem solving connected to the entrepreneur? s individual enterprise niche towards a more general and overall attitude in which the entrepreneurs demonstrate increased leadership skills. Furthermore, the role models and the life events of the entrepreneurs turned out to be devastating important to understand how the entrepreneurial leader performs. By analyzing the research results, the key factors to successful talent developing are outlined: First, the main key factor is the time used with passion in active and natural environment on the topic, which follow the tracks of Herbert Simon. Second, the talent should be spotted in a very early age in matter to develop the talent to its full potential. And third, in matter to understand, interpret and assist with talent development, it is necessary to distinguish between the psychological variable and the psychological invariable of personality elements.
Predictors and Assessment of Hospice Use for End-Stage Renal Disease Patients in Taiwan

Objectives: Hospice and early palliative care are generally considered as an alternative and supportive care to offer symptoms relief and optimize the quality of life among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, but hospice care remains underutilized. This study aimed to examine patient and health system characteristics and develop a patient assessment scale to evaluate ESRD patients for hospice care after the implementation of non-cancer hospice care reimbursement policy in 2009 in Taiwan. Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using nationwide population-based datasets. Adult long-term dialysis patients between 2009 and 2012 were included. Multivariable logistic regression and the Firth penalized likelihood estimation were used to estimate the likelihood of receiving hospice care. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and C-statistic were calculated to determine the optimal models for a patient assessment of hospice use. Results: Patients who were older, comorbid with anemia (odds ratio [OR] 3.53, 95% CI 1.43–8.70) or sepsis (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.08–2.44), with longer dialysis durations, more hospitalizations (OR 4.68, 95% CI 2.56–8.55), or primary provider care with hospice (OR 5.15, 95% CI 2.80–9.45) were more likely to receive hospice care. The total score of the patient assessment scale of hospice care was 0–28 with a cut-off value of 19 based on the results of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Conclusion: Given the “Patient Right to Autonomy Act” implemented in Taiwan in 2019 to promote the concept of a “good quality of death”, this patient assessment scale may help health professionals target ESRD patients for hospice care and engage in shared decision making and the advance care planning process.
SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Coinfections in Ferrets

Influenza A viruses cause severe morbidity and mortality during each influenza virus season. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human population offers the opportunity to potential coinfections of both viruses. ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and seasonal influenza viruses are cocirculating in the human population. However, only a few cases of viral coinfection with these two viruses have been documented in humans with some people having severe disease and others mild disease. To examine this phenomenon, ferrets were coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and human seasonal influenza A viruses (IAVs; H1N1 or H3N2) and were compared to animals that received each virus alone. Ferrets were either immunologically naive to both viruses or vaccinated with the 2019 to 2020 split-inactivated influenza virus vaccine. Coinfected naive ferrets lost significantly more body weight than ferrets infected with each virus alone and had more severe inflammation in both the nose and lungs compared to that of ferrets that were single infected with each virus. Coinfected, naive animals had predominantly higher IAV titers than SARS-CoV-2 titers, and IAVs were efficiently transmitted by direct contact to the cohoused ferrets. Comparatively, SARS-CoV-2 failed to transmit to the ferrets that cohoused with coinfected ferrets by direct contact. Moreover, vaccination significantly reduced IAV titers and shortened the viral shedding but did not completely block direct contact transmission of the influenza virus. Notably, vaccination significantly ameliorated influenza-associated disease by protecting vaccinated animals from severe morbidity after IAV single infection or IAV and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, suggesting that seasonal influenza virus vaccination is pivotal to prevent severe disease induced by IAV and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection during the COVID-19 pandemic. IMPORTANCE Influenza A viruses cause severe morbidity and mortality during each influenza virus season. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human population offers the opportunity to potential coinfections of both viruses. The development of useful animal models to assess the pathogenesis, transmission, and viral evolution of these viruses as they coinfect a host is of critical importance for the development of vaccines and therapeutics. The ability to prevent the most severe effects of viral coinfections can be studied using effect coinfection ferret models described in this report.
LA‐ICP‐MS/MS Single‐Spot Rb‐Sr Dating

Due to developments in reaction cell technologies, it is now possible to collect large 87Rb/86Sr and 87Sr/86Sr data sets using LA‐ICP‐MS/MS. Until now, LA‐ICP‐MS/MS Rb‐Sr ages were constrained using conventional isochrons on a contiguous set of Rb‐Sr data. In this contribution, we present a straightforward procedure on how to measure, calculate and validate Rb‐Sr ages from individual laser spots even from detrital grains devoid of context. This approach does not only allow provenance studies of detrital micas, but also furthermore opens the opportunity to produce age maps with unprecedented spatial resolution, both for zoned single crystals and targeting different textural domains. The main challenge for calculating single‐spot Rb‐Sr ages is the estimation of the initial 87Sr/86Sr composition, if it cannot be constrained through analysis of a paragenetic phase. In this case, we propose to use a range of geologically relevant initial 87Sr/86Sr compositions rather than one fixed value: (1) 0.703 ± 0.003 (for mantle derived magmatic rocks), (2) 0.715 ± 0.015 (for evolved magmatic rocks) and (3) 0.730 ± 0.030 (for crustal rocks). Modelling shows that the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the targeted material delineates the accuracy and precision of single‐spot Rb‐Sr ages. If the measured Sr isotopic composition is sufficiently radiogenic [87Sr/86Sr of > 1.0 for scenario (1) to > 4.5 for scenario (3)], the calculated age and its uncertainty are not significantly influenced by the initial 87Sr/86Sr composition. Using Mica‐Mg as the primary reference material, single‐spot Rb‐Sr dating was tested on biotite (Mount Dromedary, La Posta, McClure Mountain), muscovite (Högsbo) and a nano‐powder tablet (Mica‐Fe) that we further propose using as secondary reference materials for Rb‐Sr geochronology.
A limited review of finite element models developed for brain injury biomechanics research

In this paper, finite element models developed at Wayne State University to study impact injury biomechanics of the human brain were reviewed. The complexity of these models has been augmented significantly over the years in order to allow each new version of the model to address additional clinical phenomena or to make site-specific correlation between the computer model and biological data. Even though all available data have been used for validation of the latest model, it can only be considered partially validated because there is a lack of quantitative data for a complete validation. Nevertheless, useful information has been derived from model predictions. New and higher quality experimental or real world data are needed for making continued improvement to computer models so that they can accurately predict the risk of brain injury in a given impact.
Beam–Wave Resynchronization Method of the Nonperiodic Meander Line and Folded-Waveguide SWS for TWTs

A beam–wave resynchronization (BWRS) method is proposed by changing the structural parameters of the nonperiodic (NP) slow wave structure (SWS) to reduce the phase velocity of the wave for traveling-wave tubes (TWT) application. The mathematical model and analysis for the BWRS method are introduced to investigate what condition the NP meander line SWS (ML-SWS) and the NP folded-waveguide SWS (FW-SWS) should satisfy so that the corresponding TWT can have a good output performance. As the applications, the NP zigzag ML-SWS and the concentric arc FW-SWS are designed according to the method, which is also compared with that designed according to the phase velocity synchronization (PVS). The simulated results show that, by using the BWRS method, the max output power (efficiency) of the zigzag ML-SWS TWT can be improved from 56.7 (18.9%) to 76.26 W (25.4%), and the bandwidth can be expanded from 6 to 10 GHz in the Ka-band. Furthermore, the max output power (efficiency) of the concentric arc FW-SWS TWT can be improved from 199 (27.6%) to 237 W (32.9%), and the bandwidth can be expanded more than twice in the W-band as before. These results indicate that the BWRS method is beneficial for the improvement of the output power and electron efficiency and may be beneficial for wider bandwidth.
Integrated view and comparative analysis of baseline protein expression in mouse and rat tissues

The increasingly large amount of proteomics data in the public domain enables, among other applications, the combined analyses of datasets to create comparative protein expression maps covering different organisms and different biological conditions. Here we have reanalysed public proteomics datasets from mouse and rat tissues (14 and 9 datasets, respectively), to assess baseline protein abundance. Overall, the aggregated dataset contained 23 individual datasets, including a total of 211 samples coming from 34 different tissues across 14 organs, comprising 9 mouse and 3 rat strains, respectively. In all cases, we studied the distribution of canonical proteins between the different organs. The number of canonical proteins per dataset ranged from 273 (tendon) and 9,715 (liver) in mouse, and from 101 (tendon) and 6,130 (kidney) in rat. Then, we studied how protein abundances compared across different datasets and organs for both species. As a key point we carried out a comparative analysis of protein expression between mouse, rat and human tissues. We observed a high level of correlation of protein expression among orthologs between all three species in brain, kidney, heart and liver samples, whereas the correlation of protein expression was generally slightly lower between organs within the same species. Protein expression results have been integrated into the resource Expression Atlas for widespread dissemination. Author summary We have reanalysed 23 baseline mass spectrometry-based public proteomics datasets stored in the PRIDE database. Overall, the aggregated dataset contained 211 samples, coming from 34 different tissues across 14 organs, comprising 9 mouse and 3 rat strains, respectively. We analysed the distribution of protein expression across organs in both species. We also studied how protein abundances compared across different datasets and organs for both species. Then we performed gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses to identify enriched biological processes and pathways across organs. We also carried out a comparative analysis of baseline protein expression across mouse, rat and human tissues, observing a high level of expression correlation among orthologs in all three species, in brain, kidney, heart and liver samples. To disseminate these findings, we have integrated the protein expression results into the resource Expression Atlas.
Anti-Staphylococcal Activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oil against Planktonic and Biofilm Cells Isolated from Canine Otological Infections

The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil (CZEO) and their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus strains isolated from canine otitis. First, the CZEO chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS). External otitis samples collected from dogs were submitted to staphylococcal isolation, followed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identification. The antimicrobial action was tested against the isolates using the disk-diffusion and microdilution methods. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated by CZEO-based concentrations, subMIC for biofilm formation and supraMIC against preformed biofilm, quantified by crystal violet (CV) staining and CFU counting. The chemical analysis revealed that (E)-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and (E)-cinnamyl acetate were the main compounds in the CZEO, representing 77.42, 8.17 and 4.50%, respectively. Two strains of three different species, S. saprophyticus, S. schleiferi and S. pseudintermedius, were identified. The disk-diffusion test showed an inhibitory zone diameter, ranging from 34.0 to 49.5 mm, while the MIC and MBC values were around 500 and 1000 µg/mL. SubMIC demonstrated an inhibition on biofilm formation against 4 out the 6 strains tested. On mature biofilm, the CZEO-based supraMIC groups had slightly change on biomass, however, the biofilm cell viability decreased the CFU in 3 magnitude orders.
Current state of bacterial community of Lake Ladoga

Abstract The data are presented on a quantitative assessment of the bacterioplankton community of Lake Ladoga and total bacterial numbers dynamic in the period from 2009 to 2019. The trophic state of the lake and water quality in different areas have been characterized by microbiological parameters. Maximum concentrations of microorganisms and highest water temperatures were commonly observed in the shallow coastal area (Volkhov Bay, up to 6.40 ×106 cells ml−1), and minimum – in the deepest part of the lake (ca. 0.45 ×106 cells cm−3). The bacterial abundances correlate with water temperatures both within each year of observations and over the whole study period. The trophic state of the lake expressed by the total bacterial numbers during summer seasons closely matches the state during the first decade of the 21st century. In the period of 2009-2019, the trophic state varied from oligo-mesotrophic in the hypolimnion of deep-water areas to mesotrophic eutrophic in the shallow southern coastal area, which corresponds to the trophic state indicated by chlorophyll-a concentrations. Within the previous decade (2000-2008), the waters of Lake Ladoga were “clean” and “especially clean”, while during the 2017-2019 period, water masses all over the lake can be identified as “especially clean”. From 2017 to 2019 the coccoid forms of bacterial cells prevailed over rod-shaped cells comprising 57.6 ±5.1% (2017), 64.4 ±4.5% (2018), 61.1 ±4.6% (2019), which imply the high quality of the waters.