Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asset Prices and Alternative Characterizations of the Pricing Kernel

In a continuous-time representative investor economy with an exogenously given information process, asset prices are derived for alternative characterizations of the pricing kernel. In addition to the characterization of forward prices in a general representative investor economy a detailed analysis of forward prices for the HARA-class is given. In particular, analytical and numerical solutions of forward prices are derived for a representative investor with non-constant relative risk aversion. The derived asset prices are consistent with empirically well documented characteristics as mean reversion and random volatility. Hence, they are viable alternatives to the geometric Brownian motion.
Many-electron effect to the dynamical polarization of silicene-like two-dimension Dirac materials

We discuss the dynamical polarization with finite momentum and frequency in the presence of many-electron effect, including the screened Coulomb interaction, self-energy and vertex correction. The longitudinal conductivity, screened Coulomb interaction, and the response function are calculated. The behavior of the Dirac Fermions, including the propagation of the charge density which exhibits the causality, affects largely the low-temperature physical properties of the Dirac semimetal, like the silicene. For the polarization-related quantities (like the dielectric function), the method of standard random phase approximation (RPA) provides the non-interaction results (ignore the many electron effect), for a more exact result, we discuss the self-energy and the vertex correction for the two-dimension Dirac model. We found that, after the self-energy correction, the longitudinal conductivity increase compared to the noninteracting one in optical limit. For the renormalization treatment, the ultraviolet cutoff is setted as $\Lambda=t$ in our calculations, i.e., within the range between two Van Hove singularities where the density of states divergent logarithmically. %The $\Lambda$ is indeed a non-universal parameter and can also be choiced larger than arbitary ${\bf q}$ or $\omega$. The (corrected) screened Coulomb interaction and the response function are also discussed. Our results are helpful to the application of the Dirac materials (or the Weyl semimetal) in spintronics or valleytronics.
Single-cell monitoring of dry mass and dry density reveals exocytosis of cellular dry contents in mitosis

Cell mass and composition change with cell cycle progression. Our previous work characterized buoyant mass accumulation dynamics in mitosis (Miettinen et al., 2019), but how dry mass and cell composition change in mitosis has remained unclear. To better understand mitotic cell growth and compositional changes, we develop a single-cell approach for monitoring dry mass and the density of that dry mass every ∼75 seconds with 1.3% and 0.3% measurement precision, respectively. We find that suspension grown mammalian cells lose dry mass and increase dry density following mitotic entry. These changes display large, non-genetic cell-to-cell variability, and the changes are reversed at metaphase-anaphase transition, after which dry mass continues accumulating. The change in dry density causes buoyant and dry mass to differ specifically in early mitosis, thus reconciling existing literature on mitotic cell growth. Mechanistically, the dry composition changes do not require mitotic cell swelling or elongation. Instead, cells in early mitosis increase lysosomal exocytosis, and inhibition of exocytosis prevents the dry composition from changing. Overall, our work provides a new approach for monitoring single-cell dry mass and composition and reveals that mitosis is coupled to extensive exocytosis-mediated secretion of cellular contents.
Aging and Vocabulary Scores : A Meta-Analysis Paul Verhaeghen

Vocabulary scores were examined in a total of 210 articles, containing 324 independent pairings of younger and older adults, from the 1986–2001 issues of Psychology and Aging. The average effect size, favoring the old, was 0.80 SD. Production tests yielded smaller effects (0.68 SD) than multiple-choice tests (0.93 SD). Both age and education were found to be partially independent determinants of performance in production tests; age effects disappeared in multiple-choice tests as soon as education was taken into account. In addition, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised Vocabulary subtest (D. Wechsler, 1981) was also found to be sensitive to the Flynn effect (J. R. Flynn, 1987; i.e., increasing test scores with advancing birth year). The results question the approach of using age-group equality in vocabulary scores as a check on sample equivalence.
Study on Impact Response of Reactive Powder Concrete Beam and Its Analytical Model

The aim of this study was to experimentally examine the impact response of a RPC (Reactive Powder Concrete) beam and develop an analytical model to represent its impact response. Thus, a drop hammer impact test was performed to investigate the influence of drop height of the hammer on the impact response of the RPC beam. Subsequently, a static flexural loading test was conducted to find out the residual load carrying capacity of the RPC beam after impact loading. In the impact analysis, the two degrees of freedom mass-spring-damper system model was used. The analytical results were in good agreement with the experimental results when high damping for the local response at the contact point was assumed.
A Comparative study on the S- values of cow and buffalo ghee calculated using equations specified in ISO (17678) method of determining the milk fat purity by gas chromatographic analysis of triglycerides

: Cow and buffalo ghee samples were prepared from the milk collected from the locations in eastern, western, southern, and northern parts of the country. Ghee prepared so was subjected to triglyceride analysis using gas-liquid chromatography and S- limits were calculated using the equations specified in the ISO method. All the five S- limits, as specified in the standard for cow milk, got deviated on both the lower and upper side of the limits in the case of the cow as well as buffalo ghee samples of all four regions. Buffalo ghee samples were found to have a higher upper S- total (ST) limit ranging from 109.34 to 118.21 in the samples from all four regions, whereas lower value was slightly less (94.06 to 94.59) than the lower range specified in the standard for buffalo ghee samples from eastern, northern and southern region samples. A similar trend was observed in the case of s- limit (S4) specified for the detection of Palm oil and beef tallow. In cow ghee also the S- values showed a trend of deviation from the standard.
Secondary emissions of aldehydes from consumer products in the presence of ozone

A variety of consumer products tend to coat indoor surfaces during their use and, because of their composition, consume ozone and release volatile oxidized organic compounds. Laboratory experiments were conducted to quantify the ozone reaction probability, and yields of aldehydes from the interactions of ozone with three categories of consumer products: cooking oils, personal hygiene products, and cleaning agents. Upon exposed to ozone at a range of 100~200 ppb for 3 h, ten products coating an inert surface generated secondary emissions of C1-C10 aldehydes except acetaldehyde and heptanal, with nonanal as the most prominent compound. Cleaners and cooking oils emitted aldehydes with summed yields ranging from 0.1 to 0.6. All personal hygiene products except soap exhibited low aldehyde yields. Unsaturated fatty acid esters, such as oleic, linoleic, and linolenic esters, common constituents in oils and soaps, are likely responsible for relatively high secondary emission rates of aldehydes in residences.
Single-pulsed supercontiuum generation in millimeter pieces of a birefringent microstructured silica fiber under femtosecond laser injection

Microstructured optical fibers (MOF) are a new generation of optical fibers that have a huge flexibility on choosing the location of the zero dispersion wavelength, λZD which can be chosen to be very close to the visible and even in the visible, allowing soliton propagation in the near infrared. Moreover, the nonlinearity of silica with femtosecond radiation produces a broadening of the spectra, which is called supercontinuum (SC), due to several nonlinear effects, as self phase modulation (SPM), cross phase modulation (XPM), dispersive wave generation and stimulated Raman scattering. I focused my work on the study of visible dispersive waves generated when a special phase matching condition between initial input pulse and some wave in the normal dispersion regime is fulfilled.
Causes, effects and potential measures of cost deviations in high-rise building projects in Egypt

Abstract Cost deviation is a global issue that has negative impacts on projects, stakeholders and the industry. Egypt, a developing nation with the rising demand for high-rise buildings is also plagued with the issue. It is inevitable that high-rise buildings cost more than low-rise buildings, further accentuating the needs to study cost deviation from all angles, which was previously absent. Therefore, this study aims to provide an overall perspective (causes, effects and measures) of cost deviation in high-rise building projects in Egypt by adopting both quantitative (questionnaire survey) and qualitative (brain storming sessions) approaches. The questionnaire survey has been administered among various construction practitioners (project manager, consultant, quantity surveyor, site engineer) with experiences in high-rise building projects, while the brainstorming session involved expert panels from the industry. Findings from the 106 questionnaires have revealed inflation as the major cause of cost deviation that has the most effect on profit loss for the contractor. Government and project-based measures with great collaboration has been proposed to address the issue. The overall perspective (causes, effects, measures) provided in this study would be of interest to the local construction stakeholders, as well as foreign investors towards improving the cost performance of high-rise building projects in Egypt.
Probing for quantum speedup in spin-glass problems with planted solutions

The availability of quantum annealing devices with hundreds of qubits has made the experimental demonstration of a quantum speedup for optimization problems a coveted, albeit elusive goal. Going beyond earlier studies of random Ising problems, here we introduce a method to construct a set of frustrated Ising-model optimization problems with tunable hardness. We study the performance of a D-Wave Two device (DW2) with up to 503 qubits on these problems and compare it to a suite of classical algorithms, including a highly optimized algorithm designed to compete directly with the DW2. The problems are generated around predetermined ground-state configurations, called planted solutions, which makes them particularly suitable for benchmarking purposes. The problem set exhibits properties familiar from constraint satisfaction (SAT) problems, such as a peak in the typical hardness of the problems, determined by a tunable clause density parameter. We bound the hardness regime where the DW2 device either does not or might exhibit a quantum speedup for our problem set. While we do not find evidence for a speedup for the hardest and most frustrated problems in our problem set, we cannot rule out that a speedup might exist for some of the easier, less frustrated problems. Our empirical findings pertain to the specific D-Wave processor and problem set we studied and leave open the possibility that future processors might exhibit a quantum speedup on the same problem set.
The Coronal Monsoon: Thermal Nonequilibrium Revealed by Periodic Coronal Rain

We report on the discovery of periodic coronal rain in an off-limb sequence of Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly images. The showers are co-spatial and in phase with periodic (6.6 hr) intensity pulsations of coronal loops of the sort described by Auchère et al. and Froment et al. These new observations make possible a unified description of both phenomena. Coronal rain and periodic intensity pulsations of loops are two manifestations of the same physical process: evaporation/condensation cycles resulting from a state of thermal nonequilibrium. The fluctuations around coronal temperatures produce the intensity pulsations of loops, and rain falls along their legs if thermal runaway cools the periodic condensations down and below transition-region temperatures. This scenario is in line with the predictions of numerical models of quasi-steadily and footpoint heated loops. The presence of coronal rain—albeit non-periodic—in several other structures within the studied field of view implies that this type of heating is at play on a large scale.
Shock propaganda, asset quality and lending behaviour

In this paper, we employ the 2014 geopolitical conflict in Eastern Ukraine as a negative shock to banks' assets and examine its impacts on banking sector. We find that banks are hit by the conflict more severely if they granted more loans in the conflict areas as of 2014 Q1. Consequently, in the onset of the unrest, more exposed banks experience a sharper increase in troubled assets and a deeper reduction in credit supply compared to less affected counterparts. Additionally, the shock in the East can be transmitted to other markets through the interconnectedness among banks and branches but the spillover is mitigated by the market - conflict distance. Further analysis provides evidence for the "flight to headquarters" effect in credit allocation whereby more affected banks tend to cut lending more in the markets which are farther away from the headquarters.
Psychometric properties and factorial invariance of the satisfaction with life scale in Latino immigrants in Chile, Spain, and United States

Background: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is the most widely used instrument to assess subjective well-being in different populations. Aim: The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the psychometric properties and the factorial invariance of the SWLS in Latino immigrants living in Chile, Spain, and the United States. Method: A total of 662 participants over the age of 18 and who have lived in the host country for more than a year participated. Results: The results provide evidence of good internal consistency through Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. Also, there is evidence for the unifactorial structure of the instrument through confirmatory factor analysis and its invariance at the configural, metric, and scalar. Conclusions: It is concluded that SWLS is an invariant and reliable measure to study life satisfaction in Latino immigrants in western countries. en el país de acogida. Resultados: Los resultados entregan evidencia de una buena consistencia interna a través del alfa de Cronbach y el omega de McDonald, también se provee soporte a la estructura unifactorial del instrumento mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio y finalmente se prueba que la escala es invariante a nivel configural, métrico y escalar. Conclusión: Se concluye que la SWLS es una medida invariante y fiable para estudiar la satisfacción con la vida en inmigrantes latinos en países occidentales.
The three-dimensional structure of sunspots : I. The height dependence of the magnetic field

Aims. We investigate the height dependence of the magnetic field of a sunspot, which has been until now a controversial issue. Methods. Full-Stokes profiles of a sunspot, derived from infrared spectro-polarimetric measurements, were investigated. The magnetic field strength, inclination and azimuth were obtained using an inversion code. The results from two different spectral lines deliver the height dependence of the magnetic vector field. Vertical current densities and helicities as well as the vertical derivative of the vertical component of the magnetic field strength are calculated using Maxwell’s equations. Results. Inside the spot, the total magnetic field strength decreases with height, even in the outer penumbra, where the opposite trend was reported by other investigators. Outside the spot, the field strength increases with height apart from at a few small locations. This result is interpreted in terms of magnetic canopies. Magnetic field lines are less inclined in higher layers everywhere in the field of view. In the umbra, the vertical component of the magnetic field decreases by values in the range 0.5–2.2 G km −1 , depending on the applied method. Mean values in the inner penumbra are smaller than in the umbra. In the outer penumbra, the vertical magnetic component increases independently of the local intensity distribution. A pore close to the spot exhibits a more rapid decrease with height than the spot itself. The electric current densities and helicities depend on the fine structure of the sunspots. Typical values of the current densities vary in the range ±40 mA m −2 . The mean values are −11 mA m −1 for the umbra and − 2m A m −1 for the penumbra, respectively, but the propagated errors are of the same order as the mean values. There are indications that the radial structure of the penumbra is related to enhanced current densities, but at the present resolution we are unable to establish a correlation with local intensity fluctuations. Conclusions. If the spatial resolution is sufficiently high, electric current densities and helicities could be applied as reliable diagnostic tools for understanding penumbral fine structure.
Accumulation of zinc, copper and manganese in soil fertilized with pig manure and urea in Southern State of Santa Catarina (Brazil).

This study evaluates changes in the Zn, Cu and Mn contents of a typical red clay Ultisol in the municipality of Braco do Norte, SC, Brazil during a corn ( Zea mays ) and oat ( Avena sativa ) crop cycle for a no-tillage system. The soil was fertilised with pig slurry and mineral fertilizer (urea), and swine deep bedding, at two rates: using the recommended dose of N and twice for the corn crop. Six measurements were made at depths of 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm, during the corn crop cycle in the 2007 / 8 harvest. In general, increases in the Zn, Cu and Mn contents occurred in soil with applications of pig manure. During the corn cycle, higher Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations were found in the surface layer (0-15 cm), and these values decreased with depth. For the treatment using fertilization with the deep bedding system twice the N recommendation (BD2x) in the soil surface layer, the highest Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations were observed. Although the levels of these elements were higher in the surface layer, their levels are not considered critical for environmental toxicity risks.
Malaria prevalence and health-seeking behaviour in two Niger Delta communities

The persistence of malaria in Nigeria is a source of public health challenge and this has resulted in various treatment-seeking behaviour among the citizenry. Many factors have been shown to influence the choice of healthseeking behaviour and of particular importance are the socio-economic and cultural factors which differ a lot from different communities in Nigeria. In order to win the war against malaria, it is important to identify these factors in the various communities. The study was designed to determine the prevalence of malaria and treatment-seeking behaviour of the people living in Azikoro Town and Aluu community of Bayelsa and Rivers States respectively. A prospective community based study was conducted on a sample size of 203 and 282 persons in Azikoro Town and Aluu Community respectively using rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit and well-structured questionnaires to retrieve socio-demographic information from respondents. Data collected was analysed using SPSS package. The results showed 12.3%and 10.8% prevalence rate in Aluu community and Azikoro town respectively with highest prevalence occurring among age groups 20-29 (6.4 %) and 10-19 (5.4 %) respectively. Various methods ranging from insecticides use to herbal medicines were employed by the people for prevention and treatment of malaria. The study revealed the prevalence of malaria and measures employed by the people in the two communities for the prevention and treatment of malaria. There is need for continuous sensitization and public awareness programmes for the prevention and treatment of malaria in the country.
A striking confluence between theory and observations of high-mass X-ray binary pulsars

We analyze the most powerful X-ray outbursts from neutron stars in eleven Magellanic high-mass X-ray binaries and three pulsating ultraluminous X-ray sources. Most of the outbursts rise to Lmax which is about the level of the Eddington luminosity, while the remaining more powerful outbursts also appear to recognize that limit when their emissions are assumed to be anisotropic and beamed toward our direction. We use the measurements of pulsar spin periods PS and their derivatives ṖS to calculate the X-ray luminosities Lp in their faintest accreting (“propeller-line”) states. In five cases with unknown ṖS, we use the lowest observed X-ray luminosities, which only adds to the heterogeneity of the sample. Then we calculate the ratios Lp/Lmax and we obtain an outstanding confluence of theory and observations from which we conclude that work done on both fronts is accurate and the results are trustworthy: sources known to reside on the lowest Magellanic propeller line are all located on/near that line, whereas other sources jump higher and reach higher-lying propeller lines. These jumps can be interpreted in only one way, higher-lying pulsars have stronger surface magnetic fields in agreement with previous empirical results in which ṖS and Lp values were not used.
INSTITUTIONAL BARRIER, LEARNING THROUGH EXPERIENCE AND NETWORK TIES, AND FDI LOCATION

What organizational learning mechanisms matter particularly in the relationship between institutional barriers and FDI location choice in emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs)? To answer this question, this study examines the impact of both formal and informal institutional barriers on the location choice of EMNEs, and the moderating effect of organizational learning on the above focal relation. We argue that EMNEs can leverage organizational learning to facilitate their international market entry; however, there exist different kinds of organizational learning mechanisms and they matter in different ways. For example, organizational learning can be at least two types: experiential learning and network learning. We proposed hypotheses on how the above two types of learning shape the effect of two types of institutional barriers on entry location. These hypotheses are tested via a dataset we collect from Chinese public-listed manufacturing companies. Empirical results indicate that EMNEs prefer countries with proximate culture and with less formal institutional risk. Moreover, we find a strong impact from experiential learning (learning from FDI experience) than network learning (learning from alliance networks). Importantly, firms with higher level of FDI experience are more likely to enter countries with both higher formal and informal institutional barrier; while firms with higher level alliance network tie with foreign partners are only more likely to choose countries with more risky formal institution. Implications, limitations and future research directions are addressed.