COMPARATIVE GROSS, HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON LUNGS OF ASEEL AND VANARAJA BREEDS OF POULTRY

COMPARATIVE GROSS, HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON LUNGS OF ASEEL AND VANARAJA BREEDS OF POULTRY By Bhupendar kumar Dewangan Aseel breed is well known for its pugnacity, high stamina, majestic gait and dogged fighting qualities. It is domesticated mostly by tribal people for cock fighting in southern part of Bastar district of Chhattisgarh and adjoining parts of Andhra Pradesh. Vanaraja crossbreed have been evolved at ICAR project directorate on poultry, Hyderabad. Vanaraja has attractive feather pattern, better survivability, low cost of rearing and high disease tolerance. Lungs plays an important role in stamina, so to explore the gross, histomorphological and histochemical characters of lungs, present investigation was undertaken. The experiment was conducted on 28 apparently healthy birds belonging to grower (7 Aseel and 7 Vanaraja) and adult (7 Aseel and 7 Vanaraja). Tissues collected from these birds were subjected to gross, histomorphological and histochemical studies by employing Haematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's Trichrome, Gomori’s, Verhoeff’s, PAS and PAS Alcian blue staining technique. Body weight was significantly higher in growers and adult of Vanaraja. Percentage contribution of lung to the body weight and weight specific volume of lung were significantly higher in Aseel than Vanaraja. Characteristically, there were impressions of ribs on dorsal surface of lungs. The ventral surface of lung was covered by pleura. Weight and volume of left lung were more than right lung in both the breeds. Length of the lungs was more in adult Aseel than Vanaraja. While, thickness and width were more in Vanaraja than Aseel. The parenchyma of the lung revealed the bronchial system, the blood vessels and nerve plexuses in the stroma. The bronchial system was divisible in to primary or mesobronchi, secondary, tertiary or parabronchi, infundibula, atria and air capillaries. Histologically, diameter of bronchi was significantly higher in Vanaraja than Aseel. Primary bronchi were lined by folded mucous membrane; folds were taller in Vanaraja than Aseel. The epithelial lining of the folds was pseudo stratified cilliated type with goblet cells. Cartilaginous plates were seen in wall of primary bronchi up to the middle of lung. Thickness of cartilaginous plates was more in Vanaraja than Aseel. Secondary bronchi were more or less similar to that of primary bronchi, however cartilaginous plate was absent and mucosal folds height was less. Aseel, showed lower mucosal folds than Vanaraja. Aggregation of lymphatic nodules were revealed in lamina propria of primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi. Tertiary bronchi were separated from each other by interlobular septae. The diameter, wall thickness and epithelial height were more in Vanaraja than Aseel. Epithelial lining was columnar to cuboidal. Numbers of atria arosed from parabronchi/ tertiary bronchi lined by cuboidal to squamous epithelium. Its diameter was more in Vanaraja to that of Aseel. Further it continued as infundibulum, atria and air capillaries. These were the major component of parenchyma. Air capillaries were highly intermingled with pulmonary blood vessels especially at perilobular areas. The diameter of air capillaries was ranging from 7.61 μm to 10.74 μm. It was larger in Vanaraja than Aseel. While, the number of air capillaries per field was significantaly higher in Aseel. In general different types of connective tissue fibers were more and coarser in Aseel than Vanaraja. These fibers were also increased with advancement of age. In general, the density of collagen fibers was more in comparison to elastic and reticular fibers in both the groups. Moderate to intense PAS reaction were noticed in the epithelium of the primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi as well as in the muscles bundles. Acid mucopolysaccharides were variable in different segments of lungs. Date: (S.P. Ingole) Major Advisor