Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remdesivir: the first FDA-approved anti-COVID-19 Treatment for Young Children

Following the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, finding efficient forms of treatment is seen as a priority for both adults and children. On April 25, 2022, remdesivir has become the first United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved COVID-19 treatment for young children, specifically ≥28-days-old children, weighing ≥3 kilograms, who are either hospitalized or non-hospitalized, showing a high risk for progression to severe COVID-19 (prone to hospitalization or death). This new approval, which expands its already FDA-approved use in adults to young children, is supported by the CARAVAN study (a phase 2/3 single-arm, open-label study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of remdesivir (GS-5734™) in participants, from birth to < 18 years of age, with COVID-19). This study is in progress, with an estimated primary completion in February 2023. While positive effects of remdesivir have been ascertained through various studies, controversy has surrounded remdesivir since its initial FDA approval in 2020 due to the contradictory results obtained by various studies. However, many case reports state its positive effects on the outcome of the patients, encouraging an optimistic vision for the future.
Ulinastatin alleviates pulmonary edema by reducing pulmonary permeability and stimulating alveolar fluid clearance in a rat model of acute lung injury

Objective(s): Previous studies have shown that ulinastatin (UTI) alleviates pulmonary edema in acute lung injury (ALI) caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), although the mechanism behind this action is uncertain. This research aimed to identify the fundamental mechanism by which UTI alleviates pulmonary edema. Materials and Methods: We established a model of acute lung injury (ALI) in rats by using LPS as the inciting agent.The control, LPS, and LPS+UTI groups were each comprised of a specific number of randomly selected Wistar rats. We evaluated lung injury and determined pulmonary edema. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in BALF and the expression levels of α1Na, k-ATPase, β1Na, K-AtPase, α-ENaC, β-ENaC, γ-ENaC, Zonula occludens (ZO)-1, Occludin, Caludin-5, PI3K, Akt, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-ƘBwere identified in lung tissues. Results: The presence of UTI was associated with a reduction in lung pathological alterations, lung injury scores, the lung W/D ratio, and MPO activity, in addition to the improved gas exchange (P<0.01). Furthermore, UTI alleviated EB leakage and stimulated AFC (P<0.01). Importantly, UTI increased the expression of ZO-1, Occludin, Caludin-5, α1Na, K-ATPase, β1Na, K-AtPase, α-ENaC, β-ENaC, and γ-ENaC (P<0.01). Furthermore, UTI inhibited the inflammatory response, enhanced the expression of PI3K and Akt and hindered TLR4, MyD88, and NF-ƘB expression (P<0.01) in lung tissues. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that UTI attenuated pulmonary edema by reducing pulmonary permeability and promoting AFC through inhibiting the inflammatory response, and the mechanism is related to promoting PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-ƘB signaling pathways.
Assessment of infection prevention and control readiness for Ebola virus and other diseases outbreaks in a humanitarian crisis setting: a cross-sectional study of health facilities in six high-risk States of South Sudan

Introduction the study was conducted to assess the readiness and capacity of the core components of infection prevention and control and water, sanitation and hygiene in health facilities to effectively contain potential outbreaks of Ebola virus and other diseases in South Sudan. Methods it is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted in health facilities in six high-risk States of the country from September 2020 to December 2021. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with Microsoft Excel software. Results one hundred and fifty-one (151) health facilities with a total bed capacity of 3089 were enrolled into the study. Overall, the least prepared infection prevention and control, water and sanitation core components in ascending order were the coordination committee structure (13.19%), guidelines and SOPs (21.85%), vector control (22.02%), staff management (30.63%), and training received (33.64%). The best prepared components in descending order were integrated disease surveillance and response capacity (69.83%), medical waste management system (57.12%) and infrastructure compliance (54.69%). Conclusion the findings of this study which is comparable to those of other studies in similar settings validates the perception that Infection Prevention and Control/Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (IPC/WASH) capacity and readiness is inadequate in South Sudan. To scale up these core components, we recommend development and implementation of a comprehensive and long-term infection prevention and control strategic plan as part of the country’s broader health sector recovery planning.
The sensitivity of acute flaccid paralysis surveillance - the case of South Sudan: retrospective secondary analysis of AFP surveillance data 2014-2019

Introduction South Sudan has made quite impressive progress in interrupting wild poliovirus and maintaining a polio-free status since the last case was reported in 2009. South Sudan introduced different complementary strategies to enhance acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity of the surveillance system using the WHO recommended surveillance standard and highlight the progress and challenges over the years. Methods we conducted a retrospective, descriptive, quantitative study design and used the available secondary AFP surveillance database. Results the overall non-polio AFP rate was 6.2/100,000 children under 15 years old in the study period. The stool adequacy was maintained well above the certification level of surveillance. The two main surveillance performance indicators were met at the national level throughout the study period. In contrast, only five out of ten states persistently attained and maintained the two main surveillance performance indicators throughout the study period, while in 2019 all states achieved except for Jonglei state. During the analysis period, no wild poliovirus was isolated except two circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus Type 2 (cVDPV2) cases in 2014 and one Immunodeficiency Vaccine Derived Poliovirus Type 2 (iVDPV2) case in 2015. However, on average, three cases were classified as polio compatible with each year of the study. Conclusion South Sudan met the two key surveillance performance indicators and had a sensitive AFP surveillance system during the period studied. We recommend intensifying surveillance activities in the former conflict-affected states and counties to maintain polio-free status.
Progress with COVID-19 vaccination in the WHO African Region in 2021

Introduction as of end 2021, ten different vaccines have received Emergency use listing by the World Health Organisation. The vaccination response to the COVID pandemic started in February 2021 in the WHO African Region. WHO proposed a national coverage target of fully vaccinated population of 40% by the end of December 2021. This manuscript attempts to review the progress in the roll-out of COVID-19 vaccination in the African Region. Methods we analysed the aggregate COVID-19 vaccine uptake and utilization data from the immunisation monitoring databases set up by countries and shared with the WHO Regional Office for Africa. Results as of 31 December 2021, a total of 340,663,156 doses of COVID-19 vaccine were received in 46 countries in the African Region. The weekly average doses administered was 4,069,934 throughout the year. In the same period, a total of 114,498,980 persons received at least one dose, and 71,862,108 people were fully vaccinated, amounting to 6.6% of the total population in the Region. Only 5 countries attained the target of 40% full vaccination coverage. Disaggregated information was not available from all countries on the number of persons vaccinated by gender, and according to the priority population groupings. A total of 102,046 cases of adverse events following immunisation (AEFIs) were reported among which 6,260 (6.1%) were labelled as severe AEFIs. Conclusion COVID-19 vaccination coverage remains very low in the African Region, with all but 5 countries missing the 40% coverage target as of December 2021. Countries, donors and partners should mobilise political will and resources towards the attainment of the coverage targets. Countries will need to implement vaccination efforts using tailored approaches to reach unreached populations. The reporting gaps indicate the need to invest on efforts to improve the capture, analysis and use of more granular program data.
Leaf area index and fruit yield of seedless watermelon depending on spacing between plants and N and K applied by fertigation.

The experiment was conducted in Tupa-SP, Brazil, whose geographic coordinates are latitude 21o56' 05" S, longitude 50o30' 49" W and altitude of 524 m, with objective of to evaluate the effect of application of doses of N and K by fertigation combined with plant spacing in seedless watermelon Shadow. The experimental design was a randomized block, in a split plot, with three repetitions. The main treatments corresponded to doses of application of N and K by fertigation (75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of 106,4 and 118 kg ha of N and K, respectively) . The secondary treatments corresponded to the spacing between plants of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m, while the spacing between lines was fixed in 2.0 m. Seedlings were transplanted in 08-05-2008, when presented a leaf not cotyledonary completely grown. Were evaluated the leaf area index (LAI), commercial and total productivity of watermelon and total and commercial number of fruits. The spacing between plants of 0.5 m had greater LAI than the other spacings until half of the crop cycle, greater productivity and total number of fruits (42091.08 kg ha and 8394.09 fruits ha, respectively) and productivity and number of commercial fruits (40191.26 kg ha and 7709 17 fruits ha, respectively), indicating that there was a possible relationship between IAF until this stage and crop productivity. The N and K dose recommended for application by fertigation is 75% or the hybrid Shadow. Additional keywords: Population of plants, Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus, fertigation. Cientifica, Jaboticabal, v.39, n.1/2, p.25–33, 2011
Wan-Jun Bai1,2,#, Xing-Guang Luo3,#, Bao-Hua Jin1, Kang-Sheng Zhu1,4, Wen-Yan Guo1, Xiao-Que Zhu1, Xia Qin1,

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder prevalent in schoolage children. At present, however, its etiologies and risk factors are unknown. Transmembrane α-amino3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor regulatory protein γ-8 (TARP γ-8, also known as calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 8 (CACNG8)) is an auxiliary AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunit. Here, we report an association between TARP γ-8 and ADHD, whereby adolescent TARP γ-8 knockout (KO) mice exhibited ADHD-like behaviors, including hyperactivity, impulsivity, anxiety, impaired cognition, and memory deficits. Human single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis also revealed strong associations between intronic alleles in CACNG8 genes and ADHD susceptibility. In addition, synaptosomal proteomic analysis revealed dysfunction of the AMPA glutamate receptor complex in the hippocampi of TARP γ-8 KO mice. Proteomic analysis also revealed dysregulation of dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmissions in the prefrontal cortices of TARP γ-8 KO mice. Methylphenidate (MPH), which is commonly used to treat ADHD, significantly rescued the major behavioral deficits and abnormal synaptosomal proteins in TARP γ-8 KO mice. Notably, MPH Received: 12 June 2022; Accepted: 24 August 2022; Online: 26 August 2022 Foundation items: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81872848, 81803509), National Major Special Project on New Drug Innovation grant (2018ZX09711001-004-003), CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2019-I2M-5-055), Hebei Natural Science Foundation (H2019206038), National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFA0801603), and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BE2019707) #Authors contributed equally to this work *Corresponding authors, E-mail: kongdezhi@hebmu.edu. cn; weizhang@hebmu.edu. cn This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright ©2022 Editorial Office of Zoological Research, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Bai et al. Zool. Res. 2022, 43(5): 851−870 https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn. 2095-8137.2022. 122 significantly reversed the up-regulation of Grik2 and Slc6a3 in the prefrontal cortex. MPH also significantly improved synaptic AMPAR complex function by up-regulating other AMPAR auxiliary proteins in hippocampal synaptosomes. Taken together, our results suggest that TARP γ-8 is involved in the development of ADHD in humans. This study provides a useful alternative animal model with ADHD-like phenotypes related to TARP γ-8 deficiency, which has great potential for the development of new therapies.
Effectiveness of a specific physical therapy program for Charcot-Marie-Tooth on sleep quality, pain perception, and nocturnal cramps: a pilot study

Introduction Chronic pain, nocturnal cramps, and sleep alterations are prevalent symptoms and signals in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease patients. Sleep and pain are bidirectionally related and physical therapy can improve the binomial sleep and pain/nocturnal cramps. Therefore, we hypothesized that the application of a specific physical therapy program for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease would improve sleep quality, pain perception, and nocturnal cramps. Material and Methods A non-randomized controlled study that included 9 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease patients (intervention group - physical therapy program) and 8 controls (active control group - booklet on sleep hygiene). The intervention lasted 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The effects were evaluated ten days before (baseline) and ten days after the intervention (post). Our primary outcome was sleep quality (subjective and objective, assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index and actigraphy, respectively); and secondary outcomes were pain perception (brief pain inventory) and nocturnal cramps (self-report). Results The program was able to improve the subjective sleep quality ( p =0.005) and nocturnal cramps ( p <0.001) but had no effect on actigraphy data ( p >0.05) neither on pain perception ( p >0.05). Conclusion Our initial hypothesis was partially corroborated: the improvement in subjective quality of sleep and nocturnal cramps is already beneficial for the health promotion of the volunteers in this study affected by the disease. Our findings may serve as a basis for future research to develop a program focused on the treatment of analgesia, which can improve pain perception and alter the objective quality of sleep.
Understanding aortic valve repair through Ozaki procedure: A review of literature evidence

Aortic valve neocuspidization (AV Neo) using glutaraldehyde‐treated autologous pericardium was first reported by Ozaki et al. in 2007. This technique has become an alternative to tissue and mechanical valve in selected patients as long‐term anticoagulation is not required and shows promising midterm results and durability.
A lower Pliocene Erymnochelyini turtle (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) from the Democratic Republic of Congo

The presence of a pleurodiran turtle putatively attributable to Erymnochelys madagascariensis (i.e., the only representative of Erymnochelyini that is part of the current biodiversity) or to a closely related form was recognized, in the early 1990s, for the Lower Pliocene record of the Sinda‐Mohari region (Democratic Republic of Congo). The material attributable to it was restricted to postcranial remains. Although some elements of the anterior region of the skull were subsequently found, this taxon had not been analyzed in detail until now. Knowledge about Erymnochelyini has increased remarkably since the 1990s and, especially, during the 21st century. The taxon from the Democratic Republic of Congo is here analyzed in detail, not only considering current knowledge about the lineage but also incorporating new material into this study, highlighting several partial skulls. Thus, it corresponds to one of the members of this lineage represented by a greater number of skulls. It is attributed to a new taxon, Mokelemys mbembe gen. et sp. nov., being the only representative of Erymnochelyini currently known for the Pliocene record.
Injecting Alone: Practices and Preferences among People Who Inject Drugs in New York City

Abstract Injecting alone is a suspected risk factor for opioid overdose death among people who inject drugs (PWID). Better understanding of PWID’s injecting practices and preferences could guide pragmatic harm reduction and overdose prevention interventions. We investigated injection practices and preferences among PWID attending syringe services programs (SSPs). We surveyed 108 PWID with opioid use disorder from 3 New York City SSPs between November 2020 and August 2021 to ascertain harm reduction service preferences. This secondary analysis examined injection behavior preferences, reasons for these preferences, and self-reported non-fatal lifetime overdoses. Slightly more participants preferred injecting alone (56%) than with someone present (44%), but most in both groups inject alone most of the time (97% vs 52%, p < 0.01). Commonly reported reasons for preferring to inject alone were privacy (82%) and not wanting to be judged (78%), whereas many preferred to inject with others to have someone present in case of overdose (92%), for camaraderie (69%), and to share drugs (65%). Those preferring to inject alone (vs. with someone present) self-reported higher mean number of lifetime overdoses (3.1 vs 2.6), but differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, most participants injected alone regardless of preference. While not associated with prior non-fatal overdose, injection preference likely carries risk for future overdose. Participants preferred injecting alone to avoid shame or injecting with others in case of overdose, which can inform public health interventions that support both preferences. Reducing stigma while facilitating rapid overdose response can mitigate the risk of fatal overdose.
Activatable Multimodal Probes for In Vivo Imaging and Theranostics.

Multimodal imaging, which harnesses two or more imaging modalities to produce complementary anatomical and molecular information of a living subject, has become as a powerful tool in both basic biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. The progresses in multimodal imaging are paralleled by the advances in multimodal probes, particularly activatable multimodal imaging probes that can generate concurrent switches in different imaging modality signals upon interaction with a molecular target. These probes are extremely promising for in vivo imaging. In this minireview, we summarize the recent progress in activatable multimodal probes for in vivo imaging and cancer theranostics, focusing on their design principle, signal activation mechanism and biomedical applications. The current challenges and perspective for future developments of activatable multimodal probes are also briefly discussed. We wish that this minireview can provide inspirations in the design of other activatable multimodal probes for improving in vivo imaging and theranostics.
Untying a Gordian knot: Exploring the nomological network of resilience.

OBJECTIVE This study investigates the relations of resilience with coping, personality traits, emotional intelligence, sense of coherence and maladaptive personality traits. METHOD The study employs network analysis techniques to the study of resilience, showcasing how these methods can estimate a model that is simple to interpret while still retaining the most important relations, and that can even suggest the direction of causality despite using a cross-sectional design (N=305). RESULTS The results highlight several important variables that should be considered for fostering resilience, foremost among them the use of positive reappraisal coping, sense of coherence, and the social management aspect of emotional intelligence. CONCLUSIONS The results successfully replicated known associations between resilience and other psychological constructs (emotional intelligence, personality, sense of coherence, coping) and shed light on relations between resilience and maladaptive personality traits. Network analysis considered all these constructs together, so as take into account the complex pattern of relations between them and offer a bird's eye view of the whole network of associations centred on resilience. The resulting model is parsimonious and easy to interpret, while still striving to preserve the complexity of the variables' inter-relations.
The association of age and adverse events of PEG‐asparaginase in a pediatric tertiary care hospital; a retrospective review

Pediatric patients have a better survival rate for lymphoid malignancies than adolescents and young adult patients (AYA) and current evidence suggests that asparaginase plays a role in improved response to treatment. This study aimed to evaluate if increasing age as a continuous variable demonstrated increasing toxicities to PEG‐asparaginase (PEG‐ASP) for those patients treated at a tertiary care pediatric hospital.
The Recurrence of Cervical Precancerous Lesion Among HIV Positive and Negative Ethiopian Women After Cryotherapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background Early testing and treatment is among the successful strategies for the prevention and control of cervical precancerous and invasive cancer, and a paramount for women with HIV. In Ethiopia, visual inspection with acetic acid for screening and cryotherapy treatment is commonly practiced, though the recurrence of the precancerous lesion after treatment has not been well documented. Objective This study was aimed to estimate the association of HIV status and the recurrence of cervical precancerous lesion after cryotherapy among Ethiopian women. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study from January to April 2021. The time to the incidence of recurrence was compared between HIV positive and HIV negative women. Cox regression models were used to adjust the analyses for potential confounders, and only women treated with cryotherapy after a positive Visual Inspection with Acetic acid (VIA) screening test were included. Results A total of 140 eligible patient cards were included in the analysis with the median follow-up of 15.5 months. The overall recurrence rate was 15.7% (22/140), with a greater proportion among HIV negative women, 19.0% (4/21) than HIV positive 15.1% (18/119). Prolonged use of corticosteroid and higher age were the major significant predictors of a higher likelihood of recurrence. The recurrence of screening positive lesion was higher among women aged above 39 years (hazard ratio (HR) of 11.94 (95% CI, 1.07-133.04; P = .04), and women with prolonged use of corticosteroid (HR = 7.82, 95% CI = 1.04-58.75; P = .046) than their counterparts. Conclusion The recurrence of cervical precancerous lesion after cryotherapy was higher than the expert panel report by WHO with a higher proportion among women of old age and prolonged corticosteroid use. Cryotherapy showed a satisfying performance against the recurrence of cervical disease diagnosed through VIA. To substantiate, our findings, further prospective cohort study is also recommended.