Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
XPS study of metal-sulfur bonds in metal-alkanethiolate materials

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS) has been used to investigate the nature of the chemical bond occurring at the interface between an adsorbed alkanethiol and a metal. Both thiolate-capped colloids and metal-thiolate layered compounds have been studied. Only one sulfur species was found. and the S 2s binding energy BE) was found to depend on the nature of the metal. XPS peaks ascribed to Ag and Au core levels are not sensitive to the oxidation state of the metal.
Simulating the Response of Drought–Tolerant Maize Varieties to Nitrogen Application in Contrasting Environments in the Nigeria Savannas Using the APSIM Model

This paper assessed the application of the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM)–maize module as a decision support tool for optimizing nitrogen application to determine yield and net return of maize production under current agricultural practices in the Nigeria savannas. The model was calibrated for two maize varieties using data from field experiments conducted under optimum conditions in three locations during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. The model was evaluated using an independent dataset from an experiment conducted under different nitrogen (N) levels in two locations within Southern and Northern Guinea savannas. The results show that model accurately predicted days to 50% anthesis and physiological maturity, leaf area index (LAI), grain yield and total dry matter (TDM) of both varieties with low RMSE and RMSEn (%) values within the range of acceptable statistics indices. Based on 31-year seasonal simulation, optimum mean grain yield of 3941 kg ha−1 for Abuja, and 4549 for Kano was simulated at N rate of 120 kg ha–1 for the early maturing variety 2009EVDT. Meanwhile in Zaria, optimum mean yield of 4173 kg ha–1 was simulated at N rate of 90 kg ha−1. For the intermediate maturing variety, IWDC2SYNF2 mean optimum yields of 5152, 5462, and 4849 kg ha−1, were simulated at N application of 120 kg ha−1 for all the locations. The probability of exceeding attainable mean grain yield of 3000 and 4000 kg ha−1 for 2009EVDT and IWDC2SYNF2, respectively would be expected in 95% of the years with application of 90 kg N ha−1 across the three sites. Following the profitability scenarios analysis, the realistic net incomes of US$ 536 ha–1 for Abuja, and US$ 657 ha−1 for Zaria were estimated at N rate of 90 kg ha−1 and at Kano site, realistic net income of US$ 720 ha–1was estimated at N rate of 120 kg ha−1 for 2009EVDT.For IWDC2SYNF2, realistic net incomes of US$ 870, 974, and 818 ha−1 were estimated at N application of 120 kg ha−1 for Abuja, Zaria, and Kano respectively. The result of this study suggests that 90 kg N ha−1 can be recommended for 2009EVDT and 120 kg N ha–1 for IWDC2SYNF2 in Abuja and Zaria while in Kano, 120 kg N ha−1 should be applied to both varieties to attain optimum yield and profit.
Food safety and product development

The safety of meat products can not only be controlled by reducing the risk of contamination, but also by inhibiting the growth of pathogens during handling and storage. During product-development or product adjustment safety hurdles should be added to prevent growth of pathogens. The products should contain 'intrinsic safety'. Studies over the past ten years have shown that microbial stability and food safety can be achieved with the addition of sodium lactate.
Quantitative Sørensen–Dice Indexed Damgård–Jurik Cryptosystem For Secured Data Access Control In Cloud

Data Access Control has become a demanding issue in cloud storage systems. Access control is the protection method to control who can view or access the information in computing scenarios. Some techniques have been designed formost of the security strategiesprovidedtotheclients accessingtheuploadeddata. AQuantitative Sørensen–Dice Indexing Damgård–Jurik Cryptosystem based Data Access Control (QSDIDJC-DAC) method is introduced to avoid the illegitimate data access in the cloud server. Initially, the QSDIDJC-DAC method comprises five processes, namely registration, key generation, authentication, encryption and decryption for data access. At first, the clientsregister their information to the cloud server. After that, the cloud server generates the key pairs (i.e., public key, private key). Then the client encrypts the data with the general public key and sends it to the cloud server for storing the data. During the data access, the user transmits the request to the cloud server. Upon receiving the request, the authentication server verifies the cloud user is a legitimate user using the Quantitative Sørensen–Dice similarity coefficient with higher authentication accuracy. The Similarity Coefficient matches the requested user with user information stored in the cloud server on the time of registration. Based on the similarity value, the legitimate and illegitimate users are correctly identified with minimum time consumption. After performing the verification process, the cloud server allows legitimate users to access the data. Subsequently, the client decrypts the data with the help of their private key. This helps to enhance the data access control in the cloud server with a better security level. Experimental assessment is carried out on factors such as authentication accuracy, computation time and data confidentiality rate with recognize to some of the cloud users and thedata.
Ankle Sprain in Young Athletes: A 2-Year Retrospective Study at a Multisport Club

Objective The present study aimed to analyze ankle sprains in young athletes of basketball, futsal, artistic gymnastics, trampoline, tennis, judo, and volleyball over 2 seasons. Methods Data of 529 athletes in the 1 st year and of 495 athletes in the 2 nd year of analysis were investigated from the injury record database of a sports club. The following data were considered: the demographic characteristics (age, body mass, height, and sex), the mechanism (contact or noncontact), the severity, the moment at which the injury occurred, and the recurrence. Also, the incidence rate, the injury risk of the first ankle sprain, and the incidence rate ratio between sports were calculated. Results The athletes sustained 124 ankle sprains in the 2 years of analysis. The majority occurred during training (76.6%) and lead to absence from sports practice (75.8%). The injury recurrence was low: 2 athletes (1.6%) had a recurrence in the same year and 5 (4.0%) in the following year. The incidence rate (0.79 to 12.81 per 1,000 hours) and the injury risk (1.14 to 19.44%) varied among sports. Volleyball, basketball, and futsal presented the highest injury rate incidence. Tennis, gymnastics, and trampoline showed the lowest injury rate incidence. Judo showed an incidence rate different from those of basketball and volleyball in the 1 st year and similar to those of other sports in the 2 nd year. Conclusion Ankle sprain greatly impacted sports practice and presented characteristics that differ among the investigated sports. These findings may contribute to developing preventive injury programs.
Burden of Uncontrolled Hyperglycemia and Its Association with Patients Characteristics and Socioeconomic Status in Philadelphia, USA

Purpose: To examine the burden of uncontrolled hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and their characteristics in a large urban city. Methods: A randomized sample of 4993 patients with DM ≥18 years old who received routine health care in a large university teaching hospital in the city of Philadelphia was analyzed. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia was classified as blood hemoglobin A1c >8%. The associations of uncontrolled hyperglycemia with sociodemographic and cardiovascular factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results: The results show that patients 18–54 years had the highest prevalence of uncontrolled hyperglycemia (36.0%), followed by those at age 55–64 (30.9%), 65–74 (22.9%), and ≥75 (20.6%) years (p<0.0001). Unadjusted hyperglycemia was significantly associated with patients with increased total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio (odds ratio [OR]=1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33–1.90, p<0.001), and with prevalent coronary heart disease (OR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.16–1.67, p=0.001). Patients living in neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic status (SES) had significantly higher uncontrolled hyperglycemia rates across the city (r=0.52, R2=0.27, p=0.03). Conclusions: Findings of this study is one of the first studies to address that younger adults had higher rates of uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Further attention should be paid to the challenges of controlling DM in younger adults and patients who live in neighborhoods with lower SES.
Understanding, Choosing, and Unifying Multilevel and Fixed Effect Approaches

Abstract When working with grouped data, investigators may choose between “fixed effects” models (FE) with specialized (e.g., cluster-robust) standard errors, or “multilevel models” (MLMs) employing “random effects. ” We review the claims given in published works regarding this choice, then clarify how these approaches work and compare by showing that: (i) random effects employed in MLMs are simply “regularized” fixed effects; (ii) unmodified MLMs are consequently susceptible to bias—but there is a longstanding remedy; and (iii) the “default” MLM standard errors rely on narrow assumptions that can lead to undercoverage in many settings. Our review of over 100 papers using MLM in political science, education, and sociology show that these “known” concerns have been widely ignored in practice. We describe how to debias MLM’s coefficient estimates, and provide an option to more flexibly estimate their standard errors. Most illuminating, once MLMs are adjusted in these two ways the point estimate and standard error for the target coefficient are exactly equal to those of the analogous FE model with cluster-robust standard errors. For investigators working with observational data and who are interested only in inference on the target coefficient, either approach is equally appropriate and preferable to uncorrected MLM.
Business Environment and Start-Up in Indonesia:Empirical Evidence from Province-level Data

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Effect of the Business Environment on Start-up in Indonesia. This study specifically examines the effect of Gross Regional Domestic Product, Per Capita Expenditure, Unemployment Rate, Total Population, Computer Users and Individual Internet Users which are used as business environment indicators on the existence of startup businesses in 17 Indonesian Provinces during the 2013-2018 period using panel data regression analysis tools to prove that GRDP, Total Population, Computer Users and Internet Users have a positive and significant effect on the existence of start-up businesses in Indonesia. Meanwhile, expenditure per capita and the unemployment rate have a negative effect on the existence of start-up businesses in Indonesia
Exploring Malay Culture in Madrasah Learning: Revealing the Value of Malayness in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Curriculum

Research on Malay culture has been carried out a lot, but seeing it in its application in the madrasah Tsanawiyah curriculum has not yet been found. This study aims to determine the implementation of Malay culture as a vision of Riau 2020 in the 'Madrasah Tsanawiyah' educational curriculum in Riau Province. This research is a descriptive study that describes the implementation of the Riau Malay culture in the educational curriculum in all Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Riau Province. This research was conducted at Madrasah Tsanawiyah in 12 districts/cities in Riau Province, involving 24 heads of Madrasah Tsanawiyah. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire and the data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 39% of the Riau Malay culture in the Madrasah Tsanawiyah education curriculum in Riau Province was accommodated and implemented in the curriculum. The application of Malay culture is very urgent to be disseminated in the Madrasah Tsanawiyah curriculum in Riau Province, by the Education Office and the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Riau Province to develop this local wisdom in the community.
Investigating the effect of land use changes on soil erosion using RS-GIS and AHP-Fuzzy based techniques (Case Study: Qaresu Watershed, Ardabil, Iran)

The intensity of soil erosion to occur in a region depends on multiple factors including climatic conditions, elevation, terrain, soil type, and land use. Among these factors, land use is one of the particular importance as it reflects the outsized role of humans in the exacerbation of erosion condition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of land use changes on soil erosion in Qaresu watershed, using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques, a watershed with an area of ​​4370.8 km2 located in the center of Ardabil province, northwest of Iran. For this purpose, the 1985 and 2015 Landsat images captured by TM and OLI-TIRS sensors were used to develop the land use maps of the watershed area using the maximum likelihood method. The erosion zoning maps were then developed by integrating the maps of land use, slope, lithology, distance from roads, distance from streams, precipitation, and soil using the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method after an AHP-based weighting stage. The results showed that in the 30-year period from 1985 to 2015, the region has experienced a decrease in the area of forest, dry farming, and rangeland land uses and an increase in the area of land uses defined as urban, barren, irrigated farming, and water cover. In total, dry farming and rangeland were the largest land-uses in the studied area. According to the developed erosion zoning maps, in 1985, 14.4% and 36.84%, and in 2015, 15.64% and 32.3% of the studied area belonged to high and very high risk zones in terms of erosion potential, respectively. In defined two periods, high risk and very high risk zones were mostly positioned over dry and irrigated farmlands.
Antibiogram of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk sold in Kathmandu district

The emergence of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms and the presence of such isolates in milk pose a great risk to public health. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and assess the microbial quality of milk. For this, a total of 70 milk samples were collected and the total bacterial count (TBC) was determined. E. coli and S. aureus were isolated using their respective selective media while antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method. The TBC showed that the raw milk samples contained two-fold higher microbial load while the pasteurized milk samples contained four-fold higher microbial loads than the standard guidelines. A total of 62 isolates were identified from culture-positive milk samples of which 32 were E. coli and 30 were S. aureus. A significant correlation was observed between microbial load and the organism isolated (r = 0.339, p<0.01). All S. aureus isolates were susceptible to Chloramphenicol while 40% were resistant to Cefoxitin, indicating the presence of Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Also, 12 multidrug resistant (MDR) S. aureus were identified. While for E. coli, all were susceptible to Chloramphenicol but resistant to Ampicillin. Also, 9 MDR E. coli were detected. Higher resistance was observed among isolates from the raw milk samples than the pasteurized milk. It can be concluded that the milk produced by smallscale farms and dairy industries of Kathmandu district are of poor quality. Hence, routine microbial quality assessment and antimicrobial resistance monitoring should be followed to safeguard public health.
Spherical and rod-like dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals by sodium periodate oxidation: Optimization with double response surface model and templates for silver nanoparticles

A novel double response surface model is used first time to optimize a regioselective process to prepare spherical di- aldehyde cellulose nanocrystals (SDACN) and rod-like dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals (RDACN) via one-step sodium pe- riodate (NaIO4) oxidation. The influence of four preparation factors (solid-liquid ratio, NaIO4 concentration, reaction time and temperature) on the yields and aldehyde contents of the final products were evaluated. For comparison, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals (CN-M and CN-S) were prepared by hydrochloric/formic acid hydrolysis and sulfuric acid hydrolysis, respectively. The RDACN shows high crystallinity of 82%, while SDACN presents low crystallinity due to the high degree of oxidation. Thus, SDACN has poorer thermal stability than RDACN and CN-M, but higher than CN-S. Compared to CN-M, SDACN with higher aldehyde contents as templates is beneficial to deposit more Ag nanoparticles with diameters of 30±4 nm and the resultant nanohybrids exhibit good antibacterial activities against both Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus.
Risk factors associated with hypertension in Bhutan: findings from the National Health Survey

PurposeThis study examined the risk factors associated with hypertension in Bhutan.Design/methodology/approachThe cross-sectional data of 30,889 adults from the National Health Survey of Bhutan was used in this study. Multivariable regression accounting for the complex survey design was performed to identify the risk factors. The backward elimination approach was applied in the multivariable analysis.FindingsThe prevalence of hypertension was 17%. Increasing age, being female, being previously married, higher wealth status, past alcohol use, having diabetes, loneliness, health service use and low vegetable intake was associated with increased hypertension risk, whereas, higher education level, being employed and residing in the eastern region was associated with reduced risk. Age, gender, education, wealth status, diabetes status, loneliness and health service use were common factors in all the regions. Marital status and vegetable intake were associated with hypertension in the western and central regions, and alcohol use in the eastern and central regions.Originality/valueAffecting around one-sixth of the population, hypertension is a significant public health problem in Bhutan. Interventions to improve health education and access, motivate healthy lifestyles, and reduce harmful alcohol use, and strategies to create health-promoting social and built environments are needed to curb the hypertension epidemic and its consequences.
Changes in the Compound and Bioactivity of Suaeda japonica Makino Extract by Different Harvesting Time

This study was the change of compound and bioactivity were analyzed by different harvesting time (May, August, and November) of Suaeda japonica Makino. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of S. japonica were the highest at about 22.81 mg GAE/g and 4.56 mg QE/g, respectively, in the S. japonica harvested in Nov. Also, the contents of quercetin, showed the highest content in Nov harvested S. japonica . In addition, the antioxidative activity of each extract from S. japonica changed depending on harvesting time. For S. japonica harvested in Nov showed the highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. From the NO inhibition assay, the S. japonica harvested in Nov had shown the highest anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, consideration of the optimal harvesting time for S. japonica could be an important factor attributing to its natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and the optimal harvesting time was confirmed especially to be in Nov.
Mediating Role of Affective Organizational Commitment on the Relationship between Training and Employee’s Performance: a Case of Civil Society Organizations

In a competitive business environment, organizational performance depends upon employees’ performance and their capabilities which can be enhanced through effectual tools like, training to boost knowledge, behaviour and skills of employees. This research aims to investigate the effect of training on employees’ performance directly and indirectly mediated through affective organizational commitment in the civil society organizations of Pakistan. Convenient sampling technique was used and the sample of 219 employees was selected out of 569 total employees from different CSOs Offices of Punjab by using Krejcie and Morgan table. Descriptive statistics, correlation and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyse the data. The results demonstrated that training has a positive and significant impact on employees’ performance. Further, an effective organizational commitment was found to have significant mediation in the relationship between employees’ performance and training. Thus, the study suggested that training should be the part of civil society organization to boost the organizational commitment which will affect the employee performance.
The Occupational Status of Translators and Interpreters in Turkey: Perceptions of Professionals and Translation Students

Bu calismanin amaci, profesyonel mutercim ve tercumanlarin ve Turkiye’de bir devlet universitesinde lisans programina kayitli ogrencilerin mutercim ve tercumanlarin mesleki statuleri, mutercim-tercumanlik lisans programi mufredati ve mutercim tercumanlarin yasadigi zorluklara iliskin algilarini incelemektir. Arastirmanin calisma grubu, Turkiye’nin guneyinde yer alan bir devlet universitesinde Mutercim-Tercumanlik bolumune kayitli 24 lisans ogrencisi ve Turkiye’de farkli illerde gorev yapan 12 profesyonel mutercim tercumandan olusturmaktadir. Calismanin verileri ogrencilerle ayri ayri gerceklestirilen yuz yuze ve cevrimici yari-yapilandirilmis gorusmeler ve mutercim-tercumanlara cevrimici uygulanan bir anket araciligiyla toplanmistir. Calisma, cevirmenlerin statusu konusunda profesyonel mutercim ve tercumanlarin ve mutercim tercumanlik bolumu ogrencilerinin kuvvetli bir fikir birliginde olduklari, bu baglamda cevirmenlerin mesleki statusunun dusuk olarak algilandigi sonucuna ulasmistir. Calisma ayni zamanda profesyonel mutercim ve tercumanlarin ve ogrencilerin goruslerinin karsilastirilmasi sonucunda, mutercim-tercumanlik ogrencilerinin lisans egitimleri sirasinda bir ceviri alaninda uzmanlasmalarinin oneminin altinin cizildigini gostermistir. Calismadan elde edilen veriler, Turkiye’de Mutercim-Tercumanlik bolumu lisans duzeyinde verilen egitimin ve mutercim ve tercumanlarin algilanan statusunun kapsamli bir resmini ortaya koymustur. Elde edilen sonuclar isiginda, mutercim-tercumanlik lisans egitiminin durumu ve mutercim tercumanlarin statulerinin gelistirilmesi konularinda birtakim onerilerde bulunulmustur.
Effect of modified packaging and low temperature on post harvest life of 'Khasi' mandarin

The fruits of 'Khasi' mandarin were treated with various combinations of modified packaging and low temperature treatments and kept for storage. The fruits were analysed for physico-chemical characters at 5 days interval. Colour development increased, TSS and total sugar increased marginally but declined towards later part of storage while weight of fruit, juice content and ascorbic acid decreased with storage period. Fruits from polythene bag + KMnO 4 as well as 4-5°C temperature treatments were found to be better than fruit from other treatments.