Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS ON METABOLISM IV. RENAL FUNCTION AND ADRENOCORTICAL ACTMTY AS FACTORS IN THE NITROGEN EXCRETION ASSAY FOR ENDOTOXIN* BY L. JOE

An injection of either heat-killed Salmonella typMmurium or the lipopolysaccharide from any one of several different Gram-negative bacteria prevents or lowers, depending upon dosage, the increase in urinary nitrogen excreted by mice in response to an injection of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) (1). All available evidence points to the fact that endotoxin is responsible for this effect and that the quantity required is inversely proportional to the toxicity of the specific preparation employed. The underlying physiological basis for this action of endotoxin, however, remains obscure. In order to place the problem in clearer perspective, the following facts have been established: (a) Fasted female mice weighing about 20 gm excrete in an overnight period (17 hours) between 13 and 14 mg urinary nitrogen. This quantity is depressed slightly but not by a statistically significant amount following intraperitoneally administered endotoxin at dosage levels sublethal but toxic for mice (2). (b) Fasted mice injected subcutaneously with 0.5 to 8 units of ACTH (Armour's acthar gel) excrete overnight about 29 mg urinary nitrogen (2). (c) Fasted mice injected subcutaneously with 5 mg cortisone acetate excrete overnight about 21 mg urinary nitrogen (2). (d) An LDa0 dose of endotoxin fails to alter the urinary nitrogen excreted after an injection of cortisone while a toxic but sublethal dose of endotoxin either prevents completely or lowers in proportion to dose the elevation in nitrogen excreted after an ACTH injection. It is the latter effect that serves as the previously described assay for endotoxin (1). It is reasonable to assume from reports in the literature (3) that the rise in urinary nitrogen excreted by normal mice given ACTH results, at least in
I.V. DICLOFENAC IN POST-THORACOTOMY PAIN

We have studied the efficacy of a continuous i.v. infusion of diclofenac 2 mg kg' 1 124 h given for 2 days after major thoracic surgery in 30 patients in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design. The patients were able to obtain additional pain relief as on demand morphine bo/uses. In the diclofenac group, the consumption of morphine was reduced by 60% during the first and by 76% during the second day after operation compared with the control group. Overall, analgesia was also superior in the diclofenac group. Arterial oxygenation was significantly greater and the arterial ? CO 2 increased less during the first day after operation in the diclofenac group compared with the control group. Diclofenac had no significant effect compared with placebo on blood loss or on any bleeding or platelet test. Urine output was significantly less during the first day after operation in the diclofenac group compared with the control group, but was normal on the second day after operation; plasma creatinine concentrations were unchanged. I.v. diclofenac infusion combined with opioids delivered via a patient-controlled analgesia device seems a valuable method of pain relief after thoracic' surgery in patients in whom more invasive tech-niques, such as extradural local anaesthetics and opioids, cannot be used. However, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be used cautiously, if at all, in patients who are at risk of acute renal failure.
The pro-tumorigenic effect of CXCL14-expressing fibroblasts depends on Nos1-derived nitric oxide signaling

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are recognized as important regulators of cancer growth. Signaling mediating these effects are thus emerging as candidate drug targets. The chemokine CXCL14 was recently identified as a potent inducer of a pro-tumoral phenotype of fibroblasts. This study aimed at identifying downstream factors involved in maintenance of the pro-tumoral functions of CXCL14-expressing fibroblasts. We show that Nos1 is up-regulated in CXCL14-expressing fibroblasts, and in fibroblasts stimulated with CXCL14. Upregulation of Nos1 appears to be a response to oxidative stress, characterized by activation of Nrf2- and Hif1 α -signaling. Impairment of nitric oxide production by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Nos1 and by use of nitric oxide/ Nos inhibitors reduced the growth of CXCL14-fibroblasts. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated down-regulation of Nos1 in CXCL14-fibroblasts significantly reduced their tumor-promoting effects following co-injections with prostate cancer or breast cancer cells. Analyses of tumors demonstrated significantly reduced macrophage infiltration in tumors with Nos1 downregulation in CXCL14-fibroblasts, and revealed lymphangiogenesis as a novel component of CXCL14-promoted tumor growth. Collectively, the data identify oxidative stress-induced Nrf2 and Hif1 α , Nos1 and nitric oxide as components of a pro-tumoral signaling network of CXCL14-stimulated fibroblasts, and define Nos1 as a candidate point of interference for fibroblast-directed cancer therapies. (NIH-CXCL14) in tissue culture and animal xenograft models and identified Nos1 as a novel component of the intracellular signaling that contributes to the tumor-promoting effects of CXCL14-expressing fibroblasts. different experimental These thereby demonstrate that enhanced Nos1 expression is causally linked to the tumor-supportive capacity of CXCL14-fibroblasts and particularly involved in the early phase of tumor development. suggest regulation of macrophage infiltration as one contributing mechanism. under Nos/NO inhibition . NIH-ctr ( □ ) and NIH-CXCL14 ( ■ ) cells were cultured for three days in serum-reduced medium alone or serum-reduced medium supplemented with HCl (vehicle), the Nos inhibitor L-NNA ( A ) or the NO scavenger PTIO ( B ). The growth of fibroblasts, NIH-ctr and NIH-CXCL14, was studied after transfection of non-targeting siRNA (siCtr) or Nos1 -specific siRNA. After transfection of the cells, medium was changed to serum-reduced condition and cultures were maintained for three days ( C ) or for the indicated number of days ( D ). Data are staining to abundant staining) was applied to evaluate the immunohistochemistry signals in the core of the tumor. Quantifications are derived from analyses of seven tumors of each of the experimental groups. Data in ( A, B ) are expressed as the means ± S.E. M. **, p < 0.01 (one-way ANOVA). Scale bars in ( A, B ) are 100µm.
Prognostic Factors and Survival Rates in Early-stage Cervical Cancer Patients Treated with Radical Hysterectomy and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy

Objectives: To evaluate prognostic factors and survival rates in early-stage cervical cancer patients who had been treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy (RHPL). Materials and Methods: Medical records and pathologic findings of 177 cervical cancer patients who had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IA2-IIA and underwent RHPL at Buddhachinaraj Phitsanulok Hospital from January 2005 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathologic variables and treatment data were collected. Results: Among 177 patients, mean age was 49.9 ± 11.0 years. The median follow-up time was 42 months. Twenty-five patients had a recurrence and 7 patients died from disease. A five-year disease free survival (DFS) rate and a 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate were 89% and 96.6%, respectively. The independent prognostic factors for DFS were increasing age and pelvic lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.06; 95%CI 1.02-1.10, and HR 4.63; 95%CI 1.21-17.64, respectively). No significant differences in FIGO stage, histology, positive surgical margin, parametrial involvement, pelvic lymph node metastasis, deep stromal invasion, lymph vascular space invasion, and tumor size were identified as independent prognostic factors for CSS. However, adenocarcinoma (AC) patients with parametrial involvement, pelvic lymph node metastasis, and postoperative treatment followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) had a significantly worse survival outcome than those with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (HR 11.87; 95%CI 1.46-46.20, HR 7.00; 95%CI 1.55-31.66, and HR 7.20; 95%CI 1.57-32.85, respectively). Conclusion: Early-stage cervical cancer patients who underwent RHPL showed good survival rates. The independent prognostic factors for DFS were increasing age and pelvic lymph node metastasis whereas no prognostic factors for CSS were found. Furthermore, parametrial involvement, pelvic lymph node metastasis, and postoperative treatment followed by CCRT were likely to be predictors for poorer survival outcomes in AC than those in SCC.
Indole-3-acetic acid-regulated genes in Rhizobiumetli CNPAF512

In the rhizosphere and their interaction with plants rhizobia encounter many different plant compounds, including phytohormones like auxins. Moreover, some rhizobial strains are capable of producing the auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). However, the role of IAA for the bacterial partner in the legume– Rhizobium symbiosis is not known. To identify the effect of IAA on rhizobial gene expression, a transposon (mTn 5gusA - oriV ) mutant library of Rhizobium etli , enriched for mutants that show differential gene expression under microaerobiosis and/or addition of nodule extracts as compared with control conditions, was screened for altered gene expression upon IAA addition. Four genes were found to be regulated by IAA. These genes appear to be involved in plant signal processing, motility or attachment to plant roots, clearly demonstrating a distinct role for IAA in legume– Rhizobium interactions.
Matching Learning Activities with Mode of Delivery: Developing Robust Hybrid Instruction Using Nicenet 1

— The extended debate over the effectiveness of online versus face-to-face classroom instruction reaches a consensus and found combining face-to-face and online strategy (hybrid) is preferable than opting for either mode alone. As a result, hybrid instruction has gained popularity, as it combines the strengths of face-to-face and online instruction. However, our current understanding of this mode of delivery is still in its infancy despite the ubiquity of hybrid instruction in the realm of higher education. For instance, finding what learning activities are best conducted face-to-face and what learning activities flourish online remains largely unexplored in the EFL (English as a Foreign Language) classroom. To appropriately match learning activities and mode of delivery, two different types of hybrid methods were developed using Nicenet for teaching the unit English Grammar. Participants were divided into two cohorts. The first group attended hybrid type 1 during the first three sessions and attended hybrid type 2 the following three sessions. The second group did the reverse. Such a design enabled all participants to experience both models of hybrid instruction. At the end of the study, participants were required to fill in a questionnaire designed to gauge their perceptions on the suitability of the learning activities relative to the mode of delivery. Follow up interviews were also conducted with a number of sample participants. It was found that lectures and presentation of group discussion are best conducted face-to-face, whereas group discussion, quizzes, and assignment submissions are better conducted online. Online and face-to-face consultations with the lecturer can be equally viable.
Expression, and Synapse Formation Modulation of NKG2D Ligands, GM1 Response to Imatinib Mesylate Involves Targets to NK Cell-Mediated Lysis in The Decreased Susceptibility of Bcr/Abl

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a clonal multilineage myeloproliferative disease of stem cell origin characterized by the presence of the Bcr/Abl oncoprotein, a constitutively active tyrosine kinase. In previous studies, we have provided evidence that Bcr/Abl overexpression in leukemic cells increased their susceptibility to NK-mediated lysis by different mechanisms. In the present study, using UT-7/9 cells, a high level Bcr/Abl transfectant of UT-7 cells, we show that the treatment of Bcr/Abl target by imatinib mesylate (IM), a speciﬁc Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, hampers the formation of the NK/target immunological synapse. The main effect of IM involves an induction of surface GM1 ganglioside on Bcr/Abl transfectants that prevents the redistribution of MHC-related Ag molecules in lipid rafts upon interaction with NK cells. IM also affects cell surface glycosylation of targets, as assessed by binding of speciﬁc lectins resulting in the subsequent modulation of their binding to lectin type NK receptor, particularly NKG2D. In addition, we demonstrate that the tyrosine kinase activity repression results in a decrease of MHC-related Ags-A/B and UL-16-binding protein expression on Bcr/Abl transfectants UT-7/9. We show that NKG2D controls the NK-mediated lysis of UT-7/9 cells, and IM treatment inhibits this activating pathway. Taken together, our results show that the high expression of Bcr/Abl in leukemic cells controls the expression of NKG2D receptor ligands and
The effect of cognitive and affective aspects on usability

Abstract Studies on customer’s needs, desires and preferences have become highly important in the product design and development process. One consideration in usability is the cognitive aspect, which is related to the accommodation and evaluation of human cognitive capabilities, limitations and tendencies. In addition to the cognitive aspect, a recent study has shown that the affective aspect has been considered in the evaluation of product usability. Thus, both cognitive and affective aspects are deemed to be important for product design and the development process. Inherently, both aspects deliver complete human and product interaction and experience. However, studies that consider the affective process as a complement to the cognitive process for usability are relatively rare. To address this gap, this study discusses how an integrative framework of the cognitive and affective aspects can be applied to a product for usability assessment via empirical studies on e-commerce and e-learning platforms. The sample involved 230 respondents, using purposive sampling. The result shows that both cognitive and affective aspects have a significant effect, although with different weights. The affective aspect has been shown to improve product usability and user’s acceptance.
Phraseology in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching

This book addresses the key role of phraseology in second language acquisition and instruction. It is divided into three main sections: Extracting and Describing Phraseological Units investigates the role played by native and learner corpora in the extraction and description of multiword units, two initial and crucial steps in informing language pedagogy; Learning Phraseological Units deals with the learning aspect, an oft-neglected yet essential dimension of phraseology in second/foreign language pedagogy, this section also addresses issues in new literacies; and Recording and Exploiting Phraseological Units focuses on pedagogical tools, notably monolingual and bilingual dictionaries and textbooks. This stimulating collection presents cutting edge research in the field and identifies major avenues for future theoretical and applied work. It is of particular relevance to researchers and teachers interested in the patterned nature of language.
Environmental Toxicology GLOBAL CYTOSINE METHYLATION IN DAPHNIA MAGNA DEPENDS ON GENOTYPE, ENVIRONMENT, AND THEIR INTERACTION

: The authors characterized global cytosine methylation levels in 2 different genotypes of the ecotoxicological model organism Daphnia magna after exposure to a wide array of biotic and abiotic environmental stressors. The present study aimed to improve the authors ’ understanding of the role of cytosine methylation in the organism ’ s response to environmental conditions. The authors observed a signi ﬁ cant genotype effect, an environment effect, and a genotype (cid:2) environment effect. In particular, global cytosine methylation levels were signi ﬁ cantly altered after exposure to Triops predation cues, Microcystis , and sodium chloride compared with control conditions. Signi ﬁ cant differences between the 2 genotypes were observed when animals were exposed to Triops predation cues, Microcystis , Cryptomonas , and sodium chloride. Despite the low global methylation rate under control conditions (0.49 – 0.52%), global cytosine methylation levels upon exposure to Triops demonstrated a 5-fold difference between the genotypes (0.21% vs 1.02%). No effects were found in response to arsenic, cadmium, ﬁ sh, lead, pH of 5.5, pH of 8, temperature, hypoxia, and white fat cell disease. The authors ’ results point to the potential role of epigenetic effects under changing environmental conditions such as predation (i.e., Triops ), diet (i.e., Cryptomonas and Microcysti s), and salinity. The results of the present study indicate that, despite global cytosine methylation levels being low, epigenetic effects may be important in environmental studies on Daphnia . Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;9999:1 – 6. # 2015 SETAC
Does the structure (tunnelled vs. free-roam) and content (if-then plans vs. choosing strategies) of a brief online alcohol intervention effect engagement and effectiveness? A randomised controlled trial

Background. Despite the potential of brief online interventions for reducing alcohol consumption, their effectiveness may be compromised by low levels of engagement and the inclusion of ineffective behaviour change techniques. Purpose. To test whether (i) a tunnelled version of an intervention (where the content is delivered in a pre-specified order) leads to greater engagement and greater reductions in alcohol consumption than a free-roam version (where the content can be viewed in any order) and (ii) forming if-then plans linking strategies to cut down with high-risk situations leads to greater reductions in alcohol consumption than only choosing strategies to cut down. Methods: Participants (N = 286 university staff and students) were randomly allocated to one of four versions of a brief online alcohol intervention in a 2 (structure: tunnelled vs. free-roam) by 2 (planning: strategies vs. if-then plans) factorial design. Engagement (pages visited, time) was recorded automatically. Alcohol consumption (weekly units) was assessed at baseline and one- and six-month follow-up. Results. Participants who received the tunnelled version viewed significantly more pages and spent significantly more time on the website than those who received the free-roam version. Significant reductions in alcohol consumption were observed at follow-up; however, neither the structure of the intervention or planning had a significant effect on reductions in alcohol consumption. Conclusions. Tunnelled online interventions can increase engagement, but this may not translate into greater changes in behaviour. Further experimental research using factorial designs is needed to identify the key behaviour change techniques to include in brief online interventions.
Comparative performance of stump and root trainer raised teak plantations in humid Kerala

: Teak is predominant timber species of the tropics on account of its diverse wood qualities. Stump (shoot- root cuttings) has been the conventionally followed planting material for teak. Recently, root trainer grown seedlings are also used for teak cultivation. However, the efficiency of these two techniques has not been tested at the field level. In this context, a field trial was designed to compare the growth performance of stump and root trainer grown teak stands at six years of age situated at Karakkad, Kalady range, Malayattoor forest division, Kerala. Observations on growth attributes like total tree height, bole height and diameter at breast height (DBH), stand basal area and volume were recorded. The root trainer origin stand 2 -1 registered significantly higher total tree height (7.40 m), bole height (3.45 m), DBH (8.79 cm), stand basal area (6.83 m ha ) 3 -1 and stand volume (36.31 m ha ) than that of plantation established by stump. Crown diameter and survival (%) showed a modest influence on the planting material. However, stand leaf area index (1.20) showed a significantly better performance by the root trainer based teak stands. The observations converge to the conclusion that root trainer based teak cultivation has potential growth advantages and hence can be suggested for future large scale planting programs.
Immunoscore Signature Predicts Postoperative Survival and Adjuvant Chemotherapeutic Benefits in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objective: The aim of this study was to construct the immunoscore (IS) to facilitate the prediction of postoperative survival and benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: A total of 249 patients who received radical esophagectomy at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were divided into training set and testing set. Eighty-nine patients with ESCC from TCGA database were enrolled into the validation set. Myeloid cells in tumor microenvironment were evaluated by immunohistochemistry or CIBERSORT, and then were included into a LASSO Cox regression model to construct the immunoscore. The predictive value of the immunoscore for prognosis after surgery or ACT was analyzed. Results: The immunoscore was constructed by four types of myeloid cells including macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, and dendritic cells and was demonstrated as IS=2^ (0.527719*Mφ −0.2604269*MC-0.4812935*DC-0.4519706*Neu). The overall survival was significantly different between two immunotypes, which were divided according to the immunoscore, in all sets ( P <0.001, P =0.005, and P =0.002, respectively). Immunotype A was identified as an independent predictor for survival benefit in all three sets (HR=2.068, P =0.005; HR=2.028, P =0.007; HR=6.474, P =0.007; respectively). In patients who received ACT, immunotype A was significantly related to longer overall survival both in the training set ( P <0.001) and in the testing set ( P =0.011). The nomogram based on immunotype and other clinicopathological factors showed good efficiency of predicting response to ACT. Finally, several important cytokines and pathways were highly enriched in immunoscore A subgroup. Conclusion: The immunoscore was an effective prognostic predictor in ESCC for patients undergoing surgical resection and receiving ACT.
ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL: Diferencias en el Control Metabólico entre Adolescentes y Adultos con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 en el Hospital San Juan De Dios, de Marzo a Agosto 2007.

Introduction: it had demonstrated anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-fungal, and spasmogenic vasodilator action of Pluchea carolinensis. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of Pluchea carolinensis tincture in the treatment of chronic edematous gingivitis. Methods: one hundredtwenty four patients aged between 15 and 18 years, with chronic gingivitis it studied in the Periodontics Service of Manuel Angulo Farrán Dental Clinic, Holguin municipality. The sample was divided into two groups randomly. The control of local irritants was determined. The control group was treated with copper sulphate and the study one with phytomedicine. The gingiva and gingival bleeding clinical features at 7, 14, 21 and 30 days were assessed. Results: the dental plaque behaved similarly in both groups, showing favorable changes in the gums after seven days, bleeding was reduced after 30 days. Regarding the inflammation, significant results in the study group, at 14 and 30 days were observed. Considering papillary gingivitis better results were showed, although diffuse gingivitis improved over time. Conclusions: the use of Pluchea carolinensis tincture reduced the accumulation of plaque, gingival bleeding and improved gingival tissue response, which proved more effectivess in marginal and papillary gingivitis.