Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mann-Kendall Examination and Application in the Analysis of Precipitation Trend

In this paper,the characteristics and trend of precipitation changed with year and month were analyzed based on the meteoro- logical data from 1958 to 2006 of the four weather stations in Benxi area by Mann-kendall test.The results showed that the precipitation in Benxi area showed an increasing tendency over the past 50 years.In Benxi and Caohekou,the abrupt change of precipitation occurred in 1978,1986 and 1976,respectively.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of Comaneci/Cascade temporary neck bridging devices for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms

Background The temporary neck bridging devices represented by Comaneci and Cascade are a type of promising endovascular device for the treatment of intracranial bifurcation or wide-necked aneurysms. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the efficacy and safety of Comaneci/Cascade devices for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Methods We performed a systematic literature search on articles in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science that evaluated the efficacy and safety of Comaneci/Cascade devices for endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analytics (PRISMA) guideline. We extracted the characteristics and treatment related information of patients included in the study, recorded the rate of technical success, procedural related complications, and angiographic outcomes. The angiographic outcome was evaluated based on Raymond Roy classification, and adequate occlusion was defined as Raymond Ray I + II. Results Nine studies comprising 253 patients with 255 aneurysms were included. Among them, eight studies were conducted in Europe, one study was conducted in the USA. All these studies were retrospective. 206 aneurysms (80.78%) were ruptured. The vast majority of patients with ruptured aneurysms did not receive antiplatelet therapy. The rate of technical success was 97.1% (95% CI, 94.9 to 99.3%, I2 = 0%). The rate of periprocedural clinical complications was 10.9% (95% CI, 5.4 to 22.1%, I2 = 54%). The rate of complete occlusion (RR1) and adequate occlusion (RR1 + RR2) on immediate angiography after the procedure were 77.7% (95% CI, 72.7 to 83.2%, I2 = 35%) and 98% (95% CI, 95.9 to 100%, I2 = 0%) respectively. The rate of complete occlusion (RR1) and adequate occlusion (RR1 + RR2) on the last follow-up angiography were 81.2% (95% CI, 69.2 to 95.2%, I2 = 81%) and 93.7% (95% CI, 85.6 to 100%, I2 = 69%) respectively, with follow-up range from 3 to 18 months. 22/187 (11.76%) cases of aneurysms progressed during the follow-up period. 39/187 (20.86%) cases of aneurysms received additional treatment during the follow-up period. No fatal complications occurred during the treatment. Conclusion The Comaneci/Cascade device can be used as an auxiliary treatment for intracranial aneurysms, with a good occlusion effect, but the incidence of complications still needs to be monitored.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Convolutional Neural Network in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Polyps and Cancer

Background/Aims: Convolutional neural networks are a class of deep neural networks used for different clinical purposes, including improving the detection rate of colorectal lesions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the performance of convolutional neural network–based models in the detection or classification of colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and other related databases. The performance measures of the convolutional neural network models in the detection of colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer were calculated in the 2 scenarios of the best and worst accuracy. Stata and R software were used for conducting the meta-analysis. Results: From 3368 searched records, 24 primary studies were included. The sensitivity and specificity of convolutional neural network models in predicting colorectal polyps in worst and best scenarios ranged from 84.7% to 91.6% and from 86.0% to 93.8%, respectively. These values in predicting colorectal cancer varied between 93.2% and 94.1% and between 94.6% and 97.7%. The positive and negative likelihood ratios varied between 6.2 and 14.5 and 0.09 and 0.17 in these scenarios, respectively, in predicting colorectal polyps, and 17.1-41.2 and 0.07-0.06 in predicting colorectal polyps. The diagnostic odds ratio and accuracy measures of convolutional neural network models in predicting colorectal polyps in worst and best scenarios ranged between 36% and 162% and between 80.5% and 88.6%, respectively. These values in predicting colorectal cancer in the worst and the best scenarios varied between 239.63% and 677.47% and between 88.2% and 96.4%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic varied between 0.92 and 0.97 in the worst and the best scenarios in colorectal polyps, respectively, and between 0.98 and 0.99 in colorectal polyps prediction. Conclusion: Convolutional neural network–based models showed an acceptable accuracy in detecting colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer.
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: When confronted with a public health emergency, signiﬁcant innovative treatment protocols can sometimes be discovered by medical doctors at the front lines based on repurposed medications. We propose a statistical framework for analyzing the case series of patients treated with such new protocols, that enables a comparison with our prior knowledge of expected outcomes, in the absence of treatment. The goal of the proposed methodology is not to provide a precise measurement of treatment efﬁcacy, but to establish the existence of treatment efﬁcacy, in order to facilitate the binary decision of whether the treatment protocol should be adopted on an emergency basis. The methodology consists of a frequentist component that compares a treatment group against the probability of an adverse outcome in the absence of treatment, and calculates an efﬁcacy threshold that has to be exceeded by this probability, in order to control the corresponding p -value and reject the null hypothesis. The efﬁcacy threshold is further adjusted with a Bayesian technique, in order to also control the false positive rate. A random selection bias threshold is then calculated from the efﬁcacy threshold to control for random selection bias. Exceeding the efﬁcacy threshold establishes the existence of treatment efﬁcacy by the preponderance of evidence, and exceeding the more demanding random selection bias threshold establishes the existence of treatment efﬁcacy by the clear and convincing evidentiary standard. The combined techniques are applied to case series of high-risk COVID-19 outpatients that were treated using the early Zelenko protocol and the more enhanced McCullough protocol.
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Background: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) and acute stenting and angioplasty is a topic consistently debated due to concerns over safety and efficacy. Tirofiban is a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa used throughout the world now more commonly used during MT. We report the analysis of all AIS patients treated with Eptifibatide + MT vs. Tirofiban + MT. Methods: Using a prospectively collected endovascular database at a CSC between 2013 and 2019, workflow, and outcomes were recorded. Patients are given Tirofiban, and patients given Eptifibatide were analyzed to obtain baseline demographics, modified Ranking Scale (mRS) at discharge, and 90 days follow up, pre and post thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI), mortality rate, and hemorrhage rates. Results: A total of 571 MT patients were treated: of those, 89 patients (average age 69.25 ± 14.21, 25.84% female) with underlying intracranial atherosclerosis were treated with a GpIIb/IIIa inhibitor. Analysis of 40.45% (36/89) patients treated with Tirofiban + MT and 59.55% (53/89) patients with Eptifibatide + MT was performed. There was no statistically significant difference in NIHSS upon admission (p = .441). Four patients (11.11%) in the Tirofiban + MT cohort had symptomatic hemorrhage versus four patients (7.55%) in the Eptifibatide + MT cohort (p = .564). There was no significant difference in mortality (p = .573) or final recanalization (p = .678) between the two cohorts. Conclusion: Tirofiban use in MT does not increase the risk of symptomatic hemorrhages or mortality compared to Eptifibatide use in MT with acute stenting. Large prospective studies are warranted to confirm the safety/efficacy of Tirofiban in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy and acute stenting.
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Studies using data from the United States suggest religious organizational involvement is more beneficial for health than secular organizational involvement. Extending beyond the United States, we assess the relative impacts of religious and secular organizational involvement on self-rated health cross-nationally, accounting for national-level religious context. Analyses of data from 33 predominantly Christian countries from the 2005–2008 World Values Survey reveal that active membership in religious organizations is positively associated with self-rated health. This association’s magnitude is higher than the magnitude of associations between many memberships in secular organizations and health. The positive association between involvement in religious organization and self-rated health is moderated by national levels of religious pluralism such that positive associations are primarily found in nations high in religious diversity. These results replicated in a sample of 21 majority-Christian nations from the 2010–2014 World Values Survey.
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This study evaluates the relationship between the changes in proportion of migration-related queries reported by Google Trends and changes in volume of migration flows between origin and destination countries. The study assesses if cost-free Google Trends improves the prediction of international migratory flows, and whether it could be proposed as a tool for organizations and policymakers. Previous research has used the activity of email users and other online services to track human mobility. At the same time, IP geolocation linked to Google Search has proven to be efficient in geographically tracking outbreaks of illnesses, as well as predicting changes in economic indicators and travel patterns. This research draws from both experiences. It uses a regression analysis of time series data to compare the popularity of migration related queries introduced to Google Search in Colombia, Argentina and Peru, to changes in a quantity of residents’ registrations in Spain, performed by immigrants proceeding from these countries between the years 2005 and 2010. The results show a significant correlation and weak to moderate predictability for the lags of several months depending on the particular country. The findings demonstrate that trends in queries to Google Search provided by Google Trends might constitute a useful predictor of migration flows. At the same time, it indicates the need for further technological developments to improve analytical capacities.
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: This paper investigates the relationship between business strategy and cost stickiness under di ﬀ erent ownership. Using the data from listed ﬁrms in China from 2002 to 2015, we ﬁnd that ﬁrst, ﬁrms with di ﬀ erent strategies exhibit di ﬀ erent cost behavior. The cost stickiness of choosing a di ﬀ erentiation strategy is higher than that of choosing a low-cost strategy. Second, management expectations will a ﬀ ect cost stickiness. Optimistic expectations will increase cost stickiness, while pessimistic expectations will reduce cost stickiness. Third, management expectations can adjust the relationship between business strategy and cost stickiness in terms of government-created advantages (GCAs). If management expectations tend to be optimistic, the cost stickiness is higher with a di ﬀ erentiation strategy than with a low-cost strategy. If management expectations tend to be pessimistic, then cost stickiness is higher with a low-cost strategy than with a di ﬀ erentiation strategy. Finally, the state-owned equity a ﬀ ects the extent of the e ﬀ ect of a di ﬀ erentiation strategy on cost stickiness. State-owned ﬁrms, which receive more GCAs than non-state-owned ﬁrms, have stronger cost stickiness than non-state-owned ﬁrms, even if both categories of ﬁrms use more di ﬀ erentiation strategy.
Encapsulation of Nano Carotenoids; Evaluation of Stability and Safety

Nanotechnology is considered to be new tools for delivering health giving substances to reach the right part of the body. Now consumers may choose to eat food products containing microencapsulated ingredients, which set up to work on providing specific health benefits to the target area. The impact of nanotechnology in the food industry has become more apparent over the last few years with the potential to revolutionize the agricultural and food industry with new tools for the molecular treatment of diseases, rapid disease detection, enhancing the ability of plants to absorb nutrients. etc. (Joseph and Morrison 2006).
HUMPBACK WHALES OFF PERU: NEW RECORDS AND A RATIONALE FOR RENEWED RESEARCH

New records indicate that some Area I humpback whales are present in coastal upwelling waters off Peru and Chile during the austral summer, and thus apparently fail to migrate to the Antarctic. Also, south of tropical breeding grounds of Area I (Gorgona Island, SW Ecuador, northern Peru) humpbacks may enter inshore waters more frequently than hitherto believed, possibly to feed. Such valuable incidental observations stress the need to resume systematic research on humpbacks and other large whales in Peru which ceased with the end of whaling in 1985. It is recommended that the recent access to a Peruvian oceanographic vessel, as platform of opportunity for cetacean sightings, be programmed for the long-term and cover all months and both neritic and pelagic habitats. Dedicated surveys with smaller vessels should be planned as investigations progress. Besides collecting distributional data, abundance estimation, monitoring of strandings and net entanglements, inventory of historical data and samples, biopsy tissue sampling for genetic analysis and photo-ID studies should be initiated.
Strongyloides stercoralis : current perspectives

: Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode parasite with a global distribution. Most infected individuals have few or no symptoms. Strongyloidiasis is of primary medical importance, and fatal disease can occur in infected people who become immunosuppressed/ immunocompromised through the administration of steroids or because of coinfection with human T-lymphotropic virus I. Often, misdiagnoses of strongyloidiasis in patients leads to expensive, nonspecific, invasive diagnostic techniques, including endoscopy, barium swallow, cancer biopsies, chest X-rays, and computerized tomography (CT) scans. Delayed treatment for strongyloidiasis brings in medical complications, such as vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, weight loss, pulmonary abnormalities, and septicemia. Chronic infection is difficult to diagnose by standard stool examination; hence, a reliable recombinant antigen-based serodiagnosis is important. Though albendazole and thiabendazole reduce the burden of the disease, they are not effective in an immunocompromised host. Ivermectin has the advantage of eradicating the disease, even in an immunocompromised host, with fewer side effects compared to albendazole. However, drug treatment is a temporary solution since reinfection can often occur. Thus, developing effective vaccine candidate antigens is imperative to stop the disease.
Metabolic and vascular origins of the BOLD effect: Implications for imaging pathology and resting‐state brain function

The blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) phenomenon has profoundly revolutionized neuroscience, with applications ranging from normal brain development and aging, to brain disorders and diseases. While the BOLD effect represents an invaluable tool to map brain function, it does not measure neural activity directly; rather, it reflects changes in blood oxygenation resulting from the relative balance between cerebral oxygen metabolism (through neural activity) and oxygen supply (through cerebral blood flow and volume). As such, there are cases in which BOLD signals might be dissociated from neural activity, leading to misleading results. The emphasis of this review is to develop a critical perspective for interpreting BOLD results, through a comprehensive consideration of BOLD's metabolic and vascular underpinnings. We demonstrate that such an understanding is especially important under disease or resting conditions. We also describe state‐of‐the‐art acquisition and analytical techniques to reveal physiological information on the mechanisms underlying measured BOLD signals. With these goals in mind, this review is structured to provide a fundamental understanding of: 1) the physiological and physical sources of the BOLD contrast; 2) the extraction of information regarding oxidative metabolism and cerebrovascular reactivity from the BOLD signal, critical to investigating neuropathology; and 3) the fundamental importance of metabolic and vascular mechanisms for interpreting resting‐state BOLD measurements. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:231–246.
Temperature amelioration of synthetic turf surfaces through irrigation

Researchers have found that the surface temperatures of synthetic turf playing surfaces are significantly higher than natural turfgrass surfaces when exposed to sunlight. Reports indicate the surface temperatures of traditional synthetic turf can as much as 35-60 °C higher than natural turfgrass surface temperatures. Surface temperatures of infill synthetic turf systems have been reported to be as high as 93°C on a day when air temperatures were 37°C. Researchers have concluded that the heat transfer from the surface to the sole of an athlete's foot is significant enough to contribute to greater physiological stress that may result in serious heat related health problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate various methods of reducing the surface temperature of synthetic turf surfaces. Various irrigation and tarping regimes were used in an effort to reduce surface temperature. Infill was also amended with calcined clay in an effort to increase the water holding capacity and potential evaporative cooling of the infill media. Many of the regimes tested were initially very successful in lowering surface temperature to that of natural turfgrass; however, these low temperatures could not be maintained for periods of time equal to the length of standard sporting events, although synthetic surfaces receiving irrigation did measure lower in surface temperature after 3 hr compared to unirrigated synthetic surfaces.
Genome-wide association studies identify loci controlling specialized seed metabolites in Arabidopsis

Abstract Plants synthesize specialized metabolites to facilitate environmental and ecological interactions. During evolution, plants diversified in their potential to synthesize these metabolites. Quantitative differences in metabolite levels of natural Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions can be employed to unravel the genetic basis for metabolic traits using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here, we performed metabolic GWAS on seeds of a panel of 315 A. thaliana natural accessions, including the reference genotypes C24 and Col-0, for polar and semi-polar seed metabolites using untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. As a complementary approach, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of near-isogenic introgression lines between C24 and Col-0 for specific seed specialized metabolites. Besides common QTL between seeds and leaves, GWAS revealed seed-specific QTL for specialized metabolites, indicating differences in the genetic architecture of seeds and leaves. In seeds, aliphatic methylsulfinylalkyl and methylthioalkyl glucosinolates associated with the ALKENYL HYDROXYALKYL PRODUCING loci (GS-ALK and GS-OHP) on chromosome 4 containing alkenyl hydroxyalkyl producing 2 (AOP2) and 3 (AOP3) or with the GS-ELONG locus on chromosome 5 containing methylthioalkyl malate synthase (MAM1) and MAM3. We detected two unknown sulfur-containing compounds that were also mapped to these loci. In GWAS, some of the annotated flavonoids (kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside) were mapped to transparent testa 7 (AT5G07990), encoding a cytochrome P450 75B1 monooxygenase. Three additional mass signals corresponding to quercetin-containing flavonols were mapped to UGT78D2 (AT5G17050). The association of the loci and associating metabolic features were functionally verified in knockdown mutant lines. By performing GWAS and QTL mapping, we were able to leverage variation of natural populations and parental lines to study seed specialized metabolism. The GWAS data set generated here is a high-quality resource that can be investigated in further studies.
Medium-low pressure metamorphism and P-T paths in Danba domain, Sichuan province of the western China.

Danba Domain is in the convergent junction of North China block, Yangtze block and Qiangtang block. There are Medium pressure barrovian type metamorphic zones and low pressure Buchan metamorohic sequences. The study is of great theoretic and dynamic significance in understanding the formation of Songpan - Ganzi orogen and the crust evolution. On the basis of geothermbarometry, we set up P-T paths and calculated the geothermal gradient for each of the metamorphic zones. The results show that both the barrovian and the Buchan metamorphic rocks have clockwise P-T paths but there are difference in geothermal gradient. Combined with the field, mineral assemblages and metamorphic reactions, we think that there do exist barrovian and Buchan zones in Danba domain and that different geothermal gradient may indicate various tectonic settings.