Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction between Bitumen and Fines in Oil Sands Extraction System: Implication to Bitumen Recovery

Colloidal interactions between bitumen and fines, extracted directly from oil sand ores, were investigated with zeta potential distribution measurement and surface force measurement using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Fines from good processing ores exhibit a negligible attachment to bitumen surfaces, due to hydrophilic nature of the fines. Fines from poor processing ores exhibit a stronger attachment to bitumen surfaces by an attractive hydrophobic force between bitumen and fines, due to hydrophobic nature of the fines and the presence of high concentration divalent cations in the processing water. Les interactions colloidales entre les bitumes et les fines, extraits directement des minerais de sables bitumineux, ont ete etudiees par la mesure de la distribution du potentiel zeta et la mesure de force de la surface a l'aide d'un microscope a force atomique (AFM). Les fines provenant de minerais a taux de recuperation eleve montrent une liaison negligeable aux surfaces de bitume, en raison de la nature hydrophile des fines. Les fines provenant de minerais a faible taux de recuperation montrent un plus grande liaison aux surfaces de bitume causee par une force hydrophobe attractive entre le bitume et les fines, en raison de la nature hydrophobe des fines et de la presence d'une haute concentration de cations divalents dans le traitement de l'eau.
Analysis of Heterosis in Indian bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet)

An experiment was conducted involving 10 diverse parents and their 24 hybrids obtained by line x tester mating design laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed presence of ample variability for fifteen quantitative traits studied. The cross combination GP-167 x Katargam exhibited highest mean values and standard heterosis over check variety Gujarat Papadi-1 for green pod yield per plant followed by GP-167 x GNIB-21 and GP-189 x GNIB-21. The hybrids GP-167 x Katargam and GP-167 x GNIB-21 were also superior considering heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis. These hybrids had high heterotic effects over better parent as well as standard check. The cross combination GP-kh-64 x Kapasi exhibited highest per se performance and standard heterosis for seed yield per plant followed by GP-kh-120 x Katargam and GP-158 x Manchhi. The superior hybrids may be advanced to obtain transgressive segregants and purelines for higher green pod yield per plant. As the development of hybrid variety is not possible in Indian bean, diallel selective mating system may be adopted for improvement of remaining traits followed by some sort of biparental mating and recurrent selection.
Second Generation Sol‐Gel Encapsulated Lipases: Robust Heterogeneous Biocatalysts

The original procedure for the encapsulation of lipases in sol-gel materials produced by the fluoride-catalyzed hydrolysis of mixtures of RSi(OCH3)3 and Si(OCH3)4 has been improved considerably. This involves higher enzyme loading, variation of the alkylsilane precursor, and the use of additives such as isopropyl alcohol, 18-crown-6, Tween 80®, methyl-β-cyclodextrin and/or KCl. A dramatic increase in enzyme activity is observed. The sol-gel lipase immobilizates are also excellent catalysts in the kinetic resolution of chiral alcohols and amines, recycling without any substantial loss in enantioselectivity and a residual activity of 70% being possible even after 20 reaction cycles.
Effect of CuCl_2 loading on CuCl_2-La(NO_3)_3/AC adsorbents for ethylene separation from the mixed-gas of ethylene/ethane

The influence of loading amount of CuCl2 on the performance of CuCl2-La(NO3)3/AC for separation of ethylene from ethylene/ethane mixed-gas was investigated.The result of XRD showed that CuCl2 surpported on the activated carbon was reduced to CuCl after calcination,which could improve the adsorbability of ethylene.The specific surface area of adsorbentsdecreased gradually with the increase of loading amount of CuCl2 due to the pore blockage of activated carbon by the formed CuCl,resulting in the decrease of physical adsorption capacity.However,the chemical adsorption became dominating gradually with the loading amount of CuCl2 increasing due to the increase of the selective adsorption of CuCl for ethylene,which increased the ethylene adsorption amount,and improved the separation factor greatly.For the adsorbent with the optimized loading mass fraction of CuCl2 of 25%,the maximum ethylene adsorption capacity and separation factor of ethylene/ethane,1.580 mmol·g-1 and 5.28,respectively,were obtained.
Airborne in situ characterization of dry aerosol optical properties in a multisource influenced marine region

In situ data from the 2nd Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) were used to describe the aerosol opticalproperties in a marine environment perturbed by continental sources, such as the outflow of European aerosol and dustoutbreaks from North Africa. The data consist of airborne measurements made with an integrating nephelometer andabsorption photometer. The cases investigated in theACE-2 experiment included vertical profiles flown in dusty, polluted and clean airmasses.While it was possible to describe the extensive optical properties (scattering and absorption coefficients) for the cleancases in a more general way, the polluted and dusty cases showed much variability from case to case. The intensiveproperties (single-scattering albedo andA° ngstroöm exponent) showed little variability with height, in agreement withother studies. A key result in this paper is the strong relationship between single-scattering albedo and transport timefor the polluted cases. Calculations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) made using in situ measurements showed that in the marine-dominatedairmasses the contribution from the free troposphere (FT) to the total columnar AOD is not negligible. In the pollutedcases, the marine boundary layer (MBL) dominated the contribution to the total AOD, when this was topped by a cleanFT. In the cases when pollution outbreak in the MBL was accompanied by a dusty FT, most of the columnar AOD wasdue to the dust layer. Assessment of the horizontal variability of the aerosol field, achieved by employing the dry scattering coefficient asproxy data, showed that there was variability in the aerosol concentration at scales below the airmass scale in whichthe aerosol was embedded. This shows that the concept that the aerosol concentration varies horizontally at the samescale as the airmass can lead to significant errors in the aerosol modelling schemes, in particular on the estimates of theimpact of aerosols on the Earth’s radiative balance.
Spectral mismatch correction and spectrometric characterization of monolithic III–V multi‐junction solar cells

III–V monolithic multi‐junction (MJ) solar cells reach efficiencies exceeding 30% (AM 1.5 global) and have applications in space and in terrestrial concentrator systems. The subcells of monolithic MJ cells are not accessible separately, which presents a challenge to measurement systems and procedures. A mathematical approach is presented which enables a fast way of spectral mismatch correction for MJ cells, thereby significantly reducing the time required for calibration. Moreover, a systematic investigation of the I–V parameters of a MJ solar cell with variation of the incident spectrum is possible, herein called ‘spectrometric characterization’. This analysis method visualizes the effects of current limitation and shifting of the operating voltage, and yields precise information about the current‐matching of the subcells. MJ cells can hereby be compared without the need to match the current of the structures to a reference spectrum in advance. Further applications of the spectrometric characterization are suggested, such as for the determination of the radiation response of the subcells of MJ space solar cells or for the prediction of the annual power output of terrestrial MJ concentrator cells. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of cracks on chloride diffusion in concrete

To explore the influence of cracks on chloride diffusion in concrete,a simulated marine environment test is designed,measuring the chloride ion content of the pre-cracking components through different wet-dry cycles.The experimental results show that the depth of chlorine ions convection region is 15~25 mm.Macro crack aggravated chloride ions transportation and thereby provided conditions for the two-dimensional diffusion of chloride ions based on the cracks as new interface.The chloride diffusion coefficient model is presented considering the time decay,crack width and chloride ion binding coefficient by analyzing and simulating the experimental data.
A Study on the Comparison of Geometrical-Mechanical Intelligence Games Activities that are Conducted with Concrete Materials and in Computer Environment

Accepted: 18.11. 2020 In this study it was aimed to determine the effect of geometricalmechanical intelligence games activities that are conducted with concrete materials and in computer environment on the spatial visualization and mental rotation skills of prospective teachers and to examine the opinions of prospective teachers about the activities. The research was conducted with mixed-method research. The study group consists of 49 prospective teachers. The obtained quantitative data were collected with “Differential Aptitude Test” and “Mental Rotation Test” and qualitative data were collected with “Open-Ended Questionnaire”. In the analysis of obtained quantitative data, paired samples t-test and one-way analysis of covariance were used and in the analysis of qualitative data, content analysis was used. According to the findings in the research, it was determined that the activities that are conducted both with concrete materials and in computer environment significantly increased the spatial visualization and mental rotation skills of prospective teachers. In addition to this, it was determined that there was not a difference between the increases in the spatial visualization and mental rotation skills of prospective teachers after the activities were conducted. Furthermore, prospective teachers stated that they had fun while performing the activities, the activities developed their visual/spatial intelligence, threedimensional thinking and establishing a part-whole relationship, increased their attention and concentration and thought and decided faster and more accurate in the second time they were answering the spatial ability tests.
Piston-cylinder calibration at 400 to 500 MPa: A comparison of using water solubility in albite melt and NaCl melting

Abstract A crushable alumina-pyrex-NaCl solid-media assembly for the piston-cylinder apparatus was calibrated by NaCl melting at 500 MPa, 920 °C, and used to assess a new calibration technique based upon the solubility of water in albite melt at 400 to 500 MPa, 800 and 1200 °C. Use of the “difference from 100” technique to measure water solubility with the electron microprobe produces a calibration accuracy of ± 25 MPa. Both calibration techniques agree and demonstrate that the real pressure is 50 MPa greater than the nominal pressure. The water solubility in albite calibration is advantageous because it can be used to demonstrate that pressure, temperature, and time have no effect on the pressure calibration. Additionally, a single capsule containing albite + water can act as an in situ pressure monitor in solid-media assemblies containing other experiments. These calibrations demonstrate that the piston-cylinder apparatus can be used reliably at middle-to-upper crustal conditions for long-duration experiments.
Effect of foliar application of different potassium formssupported by zinc on leaf mineral contents, yield and fruit quality of "Balady" mandrine trees

This study was carried out during two successive seasons 2010 and 2011 on 13 years old Balady mandarin trees budded on sour orange rootstock and spaced at 4×4 meters apart. Trees were grown in sandy soil at Giza Governorate. Foliar spraying with different potassium forms and as well as potassium nitrate (KNO ), 3 mono potassium phosphate (MKP) and potassium thiosulfate (KTS) at different concentration supported with chelated zinc at 0.5% for all treatments were applied on the trees either pre or post bloom. The obtained results showed that all potassium forms supported with Zn induced a remarked promotion in leaf mineral status. Also potassium forms enhanced yield and fruit physical and chemical characteristics compared with control trees. The best results with regards to foliar application were obtained by MKP at 1.5% concentration with 0.5% chelated Zn which superior to improve leaves nutritional status. Whereas, enhanced yield and fruit physical and chemical characteristics were obtained by sprayed both KNO and KTS at 1.5% concentrations 3 with 0.5% chelated zinc.
The Primarily Study of Effect of Acid-Al on the Germination of Soaked Buckwheat Seeds

Buckwheet seeds were soacked with different concentration of KMnO_4(0.1%;0.3%;0.5%) for different time (1min;3min;5min)to determine the effect of KMnO_4 on germination of buck wheat seeds.The results showed that KMnO_4 inhibits obviously seed germination,and the ratio of germination reduces for increasing along with eoneentration of KMnO_4 and the time of soaking seeds.
Electrical Conductivity Study of Resin Synthesized From Salicylic Acid, Butylenediamine and Formaldehyde

The present paper reports the electrical conductivity study of a resin. The resin salicylic acidbutylenediamine- formaldehyde (SBDF) was synthesized by the condensation of salicylic acid and butylenediamine with formaldehyde in the presence of a hydrochloric acid catalyst with molar proportion 1:1:2.The purity of newly synthesized terpolymer has been tested and confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique. Terpolymer resin was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and UVVisible spectral studies. The number average molecular weight of the resin was determined by non-aqueous conductometric titration. Viscometric measurements in Dimethylformamide (DMF) have been carried out in order to ascertain the characteristics functions and constants of SBDF terpolymer. Electrical conductivity measurements have been carried out to ascertain the semiconducting nature of the terpolymer resin.
Depression Among Internally Displaced People After February 22,2006 In Al-Diwaniya Governorate

Background Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are those who have been forced from their home but, unlike refugees, remain within the borders of their own countries. Mental health is recognized as a key public health issue for conflict-affected populations. Studies revealed high levels of depression among IDPsAims of the studyThis study aims to identify the prevalence rate of depression among IDPs who left their homes after the bombing of the Al-Askari Shrine in Samara and now are resettled in AL-Diwaniyah governorate.Also to study the prevalence rate of depression in relation with some socio- demographic variables (such as age, sex, marital status, occupation, and education). Also measuring the severity of depression among those people.MethodsOne hundred ten IDPs have been randomly selected in one area of Al-Diwaniya governorate (Insaf village) from a period of august 2nd, 2012 to January 2nd,2013. The presence of depression was diagnosed by using a semi â€“structured interview schedule based on ICD-10, diagnostic criteria for depression ,and its severity was rated by Beck depression inventory. The patients group was matched for age and sex with control group to achieve comparability.ResultsThe result showed that the prevalence rate of depression in IDPs was 34.5% compared with 16.4% among their matched control group and this result was statistically significant. The rate of depression was higher for females than males ,with some differences in depression rate among socio-demographic variable. And According to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) , the majority of our depressive patients(60%) were of moderate severity of depressionConclusionsDepression is common in IDPs .
Donor-like interface trap generation in pMOSFET's at room temperature

The generation of donor-like interface traps under room temperature bias stress is observed. This generation process is insensitive to the gate polarity, hot carrier stress, and positive charge formation in the gate oxide. It requires the simultaneous presence of boron- and water-related species. The generated interface traps are nonuniformly distributed along the channel. >
Structural phase transitions and mixing behaviour of the Ba-aluminate (BaAl2O4)-Sr-aluminate (SrAl2O4) solid solution

Abstract Phase transitions in the BaAl2O4-SrAl2O4 solid solution have been analysed as a function of temperature and composition using infrared (IR) powder absorption spectroscopy. The improper ferroelectric phase transition P6322 → P63 (2A superstructure) in the BaAl2O4 end-member can be detected through a change in slope of the wavenumbers of hard modes at ~450 K. A change in line widths at ~520 K appears to correlate with the development of diffuse intensity in a*-b* planes of electron diffraction patterns reported elsewhere in the literature. The same shift in wavenumber of hard modes is not observed in spectra from samples with compositions corresponding to 60, 80 and 90% of BaAl2O4 component, but a change in line widths at ~500 K has been tentatively explained in terms of a different phase transition, from a P6322 parent structure to a P63 (√3A superstructure) product. Strain analysis of published high-temperature lattice parameter data suggests that the hexagonal → monoclinic transition in Sr-rich members of the solid solution may consist of two discrete transitions, and a sequence R6322 → C2 → P21 is suggested. The second transition could be related to instabilities in the hexagonal solid solution. Autocorrelation analysis of the IR spectra reveals a large positive deviation from linear behaviour across the solid solution, which is interpreted in terms of microscopic strain effects. These microscopic strains are probably responsible for the different transformation behaviour shown by samples with different compositions across the solid solution.
On the estimation of atomic charges by the X-ray method for some oxides and silicates

Based on accurate X-ray diffraction intensity data collected from spherically shaped single crystals, net atomic charges and electron density distributions have been studied for MnO, Mn2SiO4, Mg2Si2O6, LiAlSi2O6 and CaMgSi2O6. Examination of various procedures for determining atomic charges in a given structure has led to the conclusion that the following approach appears to be most reliable. (1) For cations: the number of electrons in the sphere of radius ER, effective distribution radius, which is defined according to the characteristics of radial distribution functions or difference-Fourier maps, is calculated. (2) For oxygen atoms: with the cation charges fixed at the values obtained from the above procedure and the total charge of the crystal constrained to be neutral, oxygen charges are estimated from least-squares refinements using atomic scattering factors. The final charges of atoms examined are less ionic than the corresponding formal ones: those of Li, O, Mg, Al, Si, Ca and Mn are respectively + 0.7 (1), -1.1 to -1.5, + 1.4 (1) to + 1.8, + 2.4(1), + 2.2 (1) to + 2.6, + 1.4 (2) and + 1.2 (1) to + 1.6 e. Residual electron densities between Si and O have been clearly observed in difference-Fourier maps after charge refinements for crystals of LiAlSi2O6, CaMgSi2O6 and Mg2Si2O6.
Correlation between the hydrophobic nature of monosaccharides and cholates, and their hydrophobic indices

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface areas, which are the surface areas occupied by CH and CH2 groups and by OH, COO– and ether oxygen groups, respectively, are calculated for monosaccharides and cholates using the computer program developed by Hermann. Hydrophobic indices, defined by the surface-area ratio of the hydrophobic to hydrophilic groups, correlate well with the partition coefficients of the polystyrene–water system for monosaccharides and with values of the critical micelle concentration for cholates. These facts indicate that the concept of hydrophobic index is important in considering hydrophobic interactions of flat molecules in aqueous solutions.
The influence of layered compounds on the properties of starch/layered compound composites

Glycerol-plasticized starch films were modified by addition of various layered compounds as fillers, two being of natural origin (kaolinite, a neutral mineral clay, and hectorite, a cationic exchanger mineral clay) and two synthetic (layered double hydroxide, LDH, an anionic exchanger, and brucite, having a neutral structure). The effects of the filler type and the plasticizer were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry. The storage modulus was higher for kaolinite > brucite > hectorite than for LDH starch composites. However, only the hectorite filler presented a shift of the interplanar basal distance to higher values, which represents the intercalation of glycerol molecules between the clay layers. The glycerol intercalation is minimized in plasticized–oxidized starch films where the oxidized starch chains are preferentially intercalated. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
The Impact of Assistive Technology on Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.

The purpose of this research was to review the assistive technology (AT) specific assessment models and instruments that have been developed for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in order to provide an overview of the strategies to be employed in rehabilitation and education. Three electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies investigating children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and the use of assistive technology to assist with speech difficulties, little social interaction, and poor motor skills. Relevant studies were independently reviewed and appraised by three reviewers. Methodological quality was quantified using the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's levels of evidence. In total, 21 studies were included in the review. We argue that there is a need to develop a more thorough guide for AT professionals in the process of AT assessment for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.