Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recursive Carrier Interferometry Aided High Data Rate OFDM Systems With PAPR Suppression, Phase Noise Rejection, and Carrier Frequency Offsets Compensation

In this paper, we propose two groups of recursive codes, namely the Hadamard recursive carrier interferometry (HRCI) codes and diagonal recursive carrier interferometry (DRCI) codes, to simultaneously reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and suppress the phase noises and residual carrier frequency offset (RCFO) for high-speed orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. We exploit the recursion property of the Hadamard and diagonal matrices to constitute the proposed HRCI code and DRCI code using the carrier interferometry (CI) code, and present the system model in details to spread OFDM symbols in the frequency domain. Then, we prove that both HRCI and DRCI generation matrices keep their invertibility during the recursions. As a direct result of the new code design, the phase intervals are enlarged and the signals are shifted in the time domain, thus both the PAPR and the phase noises are reduced, and the RCFO can be mitigated. Moreover, the enlarged phase intervals enable the transceiver blocks including the channel estimator, which estimate the phase noise based on the received signals, to improve the performance. Furthermore, we present the expressions for the HRCI and DRCI embedded transmitted and received signals, and derive the analytical signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) expressions for bit error rate (BER) performance analysis. Then, we analyze the effects of presented codes on the phase differences and provide the computational complexity analysis. Numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of our theoretical analysis of SINR. Additionally, under different parameter settings, which consider the working conditions of practical systems, we demonstrate that the presented robust HRCI and DRCI coded OFDM systems can suppress the PAPR satisfactorily and better BER performances can be achieved by the recursive CI-aided spread OFDM systems with phase noise rejection and RCFO compensation when compared with counterpart systems.
Visual Performance after a Unilateral or Bilateral Implantation of Enlarged Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lens in Patients with Cataract: A Prospective Clinical Trial

Purpose To investigate visual performances after a unilateral or bilateral implantation of enlarged depth-of-focus intraocular lens in patients with cataract. Methods In this prospective study, uneventful phacoemulsification and TECNIS® Symfony intraocular lens implantation were performed in 20 eyes of 17 patients. At postoperative 1, 4, and 12 weeks, the logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution visual acuity at far, intermediate, and near distances and the spherical equivalent in manifest refraction and automated refraction were measured. A questionnaire was used to investigate glare, spectacle dependency, and satisfaction at 12 weeks. The mean numerical error and mean absolute error were compared between intraocular lens formulas to assess the best-fit formula. Results The logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution visual acuity significantly improved to 0.02 at far, 0.02 at intermediate, and 0.27 at near distances at 12 weeks (p < 0.05). Spherical equivalent was −0.79 D on automated refraction and was significantly lower than −0.26 D measured on manifest refraction. Patients' satisfaction score was 9.06, 8.94, and 6.65 for far, intermediate, and near distances, respectively. Near glasses were required in 5 patients and 2 patients complained of photic phenomenon. Visual performances were not significantly different between bilateral and unilateral implanted patients. No patients reported bilateral imbalance due to unilateral surgery. The mean numerical error was closest to 0 D using the Barrett Universal II formula. The mean absolute error was not significantly different between these formulas. Conclusion Unilateral or bilateral implantation of the enlarged depth-of-focus intraocular lens seems to be equally effective in improving visual performances in patients with cataract.
Preparation and Functional Properties of Linseed Protein Products Containing Differing Levels of Mucilage

The functionality of two high-mucilage protein concentrates (HMPC) prepared from linseed and linseed expeller cake by extracting and coprecipitating the mucilage with protein was compared with those of a low-mucilage flour (LMF), a protein concentrate (LMPC), and a protein isolate (LMPI) in simple systems. The HMPC samples had better water absorption and emulsifying properties, higher foaming capacity, but lower nitrogen solubility, oil absorption, and foam stability than LMF and LMPC. They also registered higher values of viscosity and emulsification characteristics than LMPI.
The Parasitoids of Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) in Sivas

The objective of this study was to determine parasitoids attacking the apple ermine moth (Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller) in Sivas. Ten parasitoid species belonging to hymenopteran families of Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae, Encrytidae and Elasmidae and a dipteran family Tachinidae were found. Parasitoid guilds, their effect on the population of Yponomeuta malinellus and their importance in biological control are discussed.
Mites (Acari: Mesostigmata, Sarcoptiformes and Trombidiformes) Associated to Soybean in Brazil, Including New Records from the Cerrado Areas

ABSTRACT In Brazil, soybean Glycine max (L.) Merril crops are subjected to incidence of several pests, which are mainly insect species. However, the occurrences of other pest species are growing. In this context, outbreaks of phytophagous mites are becoming more frequent. Nevertheless, records of mites in such crop are available only for Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul states. Thus, this work gathers all information published about the diversity of mites found in soybean in Brazil, and also new records of mite species made on samplings taken from the central Cerrado area. In the whole, occurrence of 44 species of plant mites in soybean has been recorded in Brazil. Data from prior studies and the results of this work present the tetranychid Mononychellus planki (McGregor) as the mite species most frequently occurring in the Brazilian soybean crops. A large portion of Phytoseiidae species has occurred in crops from Rio Grande do Sul state. In addition, spontaneous soybean has hosted almost half of the phytoseiid species sampled in Cerrado region. High diversity of Tarsonemidae has been found in the cultivated soybean. More studies about soybean mites are needed to clarify the damage potential of phytophagous mites and the biological role of predatory mites in this crop.
Interaction Between Ingested Feed and the Digestive System in Poultry

Abstract Nutritionists rely on the assumption that feed is digested in a manner which is independent of both the ingredient matrix of the diet and the genetics and physiological status of the bird. This fact is evident when observing feed formulation in the poultry industry and in particular the manner in which energy and amino acid specifications are met through ingredient mixing. Such assumptions about digestion may not be entirely valid, however. Additivity of metabolizable energy, for example, is a fundamental tenet of poultry nutrition which is beginning to look less and less secure. The reasons stem from a lack of recognition of the differences in intestinal maintenance energy costs placed on the bird through use of specific ingredients and, more importantly, the role of intestinal microflora in energy and protein utilization. This paper attempts to highlight some recent (and some not so recent) findings which suggest that our reliance on the current formulation systems may overstate their robustness to dietary changes.
The Utility of Cervical Spine Bracing as a Postoperative Adjunct to Single-level Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery

Background Context: Use of cervical bracing/collar subsequent to anterior cervical spine discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is variable. Outcomes data regarding bracing after ACDF are limited. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to study the impact of bracing on short-term outcomes related to safety, quality of care, and direct costs in single-level ACDF. Study Design/Setting: This retrospective cohort analysis of all consecutive patients (n = 578) undergoing single-level ACDF with or without bracing from 2013 to 2017 was undertaken. Methods: Patient demographics and comorbidities were analyzed. Tests of independence (Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test), Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon tests, and logistic regressions were used to assess differences in length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition (home, assisted rehabilitation facility-assisted rehabilitation facility, or skilled nursing facility), quality-adjusted life year (QALY), surgical site infection (SSI), direct cost, readmission within 30 days, and emergency room (ER) visits within 30 days. Results: Among the study population, 511 were braced and 67 were not braced. There was no difference in graft type (P = 1.00) or comorbidities (P = 0.06–0.73) such as obesity (P = 0.504), smoking (0.103), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hypertension (P = 0.543), coronary artery disease (P = 0.442), congestive heart failure (P = 0.207), and problem list number (P = 0.661). LOS was extended for the unbraced group (median 34.00 + 112.15 vs. 77.00 + 209.31 h, P < 0.001). There was no difference in readmission (P = 1.000), ER visits (P = 1.000), SSI (P = 1.000), QALY gain (P = 0.437), and direct costs (P = 0.732). Conclusions: Bracing following single-level cervical fixation does not alter short-term postoperative course or reduce the risk for early adverse outcomes in a significant manner. The absence of bracing is associated with increased LOS, but cost analyses show no difference in direct costs between the two treatment approaches. Further evaluation of long-term outcomes and fusion rates will be necessary before definitive recommendations regarding bracing utility following single-level ACDF.
The digestibility and voluntary intake by sheep of six tropical grasses

The digestibility and voluntary intake of Chloris gayana, Digitaria decumbens, Panicimum maximum var tricboglume, Paspalm dilatatum, Pennisetm Clanhtinum, and Setaria splendih were measured with sheep in metabolism pens. All grasses were grown under the same conditions and cut at the same time. Each grass was cut after growing for 28, 70, and 98 days in the summer and then again (except for P. dilatatum) after 42, 70, and 105 days in the following autumn. Four successive 28-day regrowths of each grass (two cuts only for P. dilatatum) were also harvested during the summer. All 55 cuts were artificially dried and fed at the same time, each cut being fed to eight sheep. Differences in dry matter and organic matter digestibility between grass species were relatively small with a maximum mean difference of six digestibility units between S. splendida and P. clandestinzrm. For the 28-day regrowths S. splendida was 5.1 digestibility units higher but with the more mature regrowths the difference was 6.8 digestibility units. The mean voluntary intake of dry matter of S. splendida and P. clandestinum was 9 and 11 per cent lower than that of D. decmbens (P<0.01) with the largest differences in voluntary intake between grasses occurring at the mature stages of growth. Large differences were found between grass species in both the slope and intercept of regressions relating voluntary intake to dry matter digestibility.
Variation in chromosome number and the basic number of subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae)

The chromosome numbers of 21 genera and 44 species of subfamily Epidendroideae belonging to tribes Sobralieae, Epidendreae, Malaxideae and Vandeae, and subtribe Dendrobiinae, were determined. Chromosome numbers varied from 2n = 24 in Malaxis pubescens to 2n = c. 240 in Epidendrum cinnabarinum. A revision of the chromosome numbers known for the subfamily was also performed, aimed at determining the basic numbers of the genera, subtribes and tribes. The first counts for 31 species and six genera of tribe Sobralieae and subtribe Ponerinae are presented. The basic number for each genus was evaluated. A predominance of x = 20 in genera of Epidendreae and Arethuseae, x = 19 in Vandeae and subtribe Dendrobiinae and x = 15 and 21 in Malaxideae was observed. Other tribes were more variable. A wide occurrence of x = 19 and 20 in Epidendroideae and of x = 21 in at least one genus of all tribes suggests that disploidy of one or a few chromosomes has played a decisive role in the establishment of the basic karyotypes. The karyotype variability observed in the subfamily is discussed in light of current phylogenetic proposals for the family. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 163, 234–278.
Development of a time-dependent hurricane evacuation model for the New Orleans area : research project capsule.

Revealed preference is the traditional method to collect hurricane evacuation behavior data. However, revealed preference surveys, as they are currently administered, have the disadvantage that they are unable to collect time-sensitive and policy-sensitive data needed to test evacuation policies. Since time-sensitive and policy-sensitive data is necessary for effective evacuation demand modeling and no methods currently exist to collect such data, this study reports on the development and testing of a candidate procedure to address this need. The procedure involves using the stated choice approach to data collection adapted to collect dynamic information and enhance the realism of each scenario by presenting it in audio-visual form on a DVD. Nine hypothetical storms were presented in audio-visual form through a series of time-dependent scenarios to a random sample of respondents in the New Orleans metropolitan area. The new method was evaluated by collecting data using both new and traditional methods and comparing their cost and their ability to produce good evacuation models. In the new method, survey respondents watched animations of storm scenarios and stated how they believed they would behave in each time interval as t he storm approached, while in the traditional method they reported on their actual behavior during Hurricane Gustav, which made landfall near New Orleans in 2008. Results indicate that the new stated-choice method is easy to use and effective in collecting time-dependent and policy-sensitive data but costs 25 percent more than the traditional method. The new method appears to have the potential of evolving into a survey instrument that can be used by researchers and practitioners working in hurricane evacuation modeling.
Composição química e digestibilidade de fenos tratados com amônia anidra ou uréia

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the changes on the chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst ex. A. Rich) Stapf, jaragua (Hyparrhenia rufa Ness Stapf) hays, harvested following the seed ripening stage and treated with anhydrous ammonia (3.0% DM) or urea (5.4% DM). The data showed that anhydrous ammonia and urea decreased NDF and hemicellulose contents with the same efficiency. The treatments did not change ADF, cellulose, and lignin contents. It was observed an increase in the nitrogen as compounds, TN and ADIN due to the ammoniation. The ADIN/TN ratio was reduced due to the ammoniation. The IVDMD increased due to the changes observed in the chemical composition of the fiber, and the increase of the readily digestible nitrogen of the hays.
Regional application of PnET‐N‐DNDC for estimating the N2O source strength of tropical rainforests in the Wet Tropics of Australia

In contrast to the significant importance of tropical rainforest ecosystems as one of the major sources within the global atmospheric N2O budget (2.2–3.7 Tg N yr−1), regional estimates of their N2O source strength are still limited and highly uncertain. To contribute toward more reliable estimates of the N2O source strength of tropical rainforest ecosystems on a regional scale, we modified a process‐oriented biogeochemical model, PnET‐N‐DNDC, and parameterized it to simulate C and N turnover and associated N2O emissions in and from tropical rainforest ecosystems. Model modifications included: (1) new parameterizations associated with plant physiology and soil hydrology and the addition of algorithms relating daily leaf litterfall to water stress as well as to daily rainfall to account for the effects of heavy rainfall damage; (2) the development of a denitrifier activity index that depends on soil moisture conditions and influences N turnover by denitrification; and (3) the addition of a biological N fixation algorithm. Daily simulated N2O emissions based on site data were in good agreement (model efficiencies up to 0.83) with field observations in the Wet Tropics of Australia and Costa Rica. The model was even able to reproduce the highly dynamic pattern of N2O emissions with short‐term increases during the wet season. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the PnET‐N‐DNDC model was sensitive to changes in soil properties such as pH, clay content, soil organic carbon and climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature. By linking the PnET‐N‐DNDC model to a geographic information systems database, tropical rainforests in a 9000 km2 area of the Wet Tropics of Australia are estimated to emit 962 t N2O‐N yr−1 (2.4 kg N2O‐N ha−1 yr−1) between July 1997 and June 1998.
Diel integration of food quality by Daphnia: Luxury consumption by a freshwater planktonic herbivore

The chemical content of living algal food is an important determinant of zooplankton herbivore fitness. Previous studies have restricted diets to a single food type presented over multiple body mass turnover times; these have established that phosphorus content is one factor closely associated with growth of some zooplankton. In nature, however, algal P content and other potentially important dimensions to food quality vary in space and time. It would be unlikely for a grazing animal to experience a single constant food type over a major portion of its life. Many grazers likely experience diel variation in food quality associated with their vertical migration through nutritional gradients. It is not known how long‐term growth under fluctuating food relates to growth rates expected for single, constant food types. We tested whether grazers could integrate over daily variation in their food and thus realize body growth rates higher than would be expected from growth determined on single constant food types alone. We found that Daphnia magna grow near maximal rates when exposed to high‐quality food for half or less of the day. These results suggest that nutritional gradients associated with vertical migration bear close examination. They also strongly suggest that some form of diel P storage in zooplankton, a form of luxury consumption, occurs, and allows for integration over temporal variation in supply of this essential dietary ingredient.
Substance Dependence, Abuse, and Treatment of Jail Inmates, 2002: (482222006-001)

In 2002 more than two-thirds of jail inmates were found to be dependent on or to abuse alcohol or drugs, based on data from the Survey of Inmates in Local Jails, 2002. Two in five inmates were dependent on alcohol or drugs, while nearly 1 in 4 abused alcohol or drugs, but were not dependent on them. Estimates of substance dependence or abuse were based on criteria specified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV).
Demographic decline of the last surviving Moroccan dorcas gazelles Gazella dorcas massaesyla in M'Sabih Talaa Reserve, Morocco

Abstract The formerly widespread but now Vulnerable dorcas gazelle Gazella dorcas has declined markedly during the last 2 decades. The semi-captive population in M'Sabih Talaa Reserve, west-central Morocco, is genetically distinct and may be the last remnant of the Moroccan dorcas gazelle G. dorcas massaesyla. The last estimate of the size of this population was c. 200, in 1996. To assess the current population we used line-transect distance sampling to survey this population over five seasons from April 2008 to August 2009. The estimated population declined from 113 to 87 individuals from April to November 2008, increased to 111 in February 2009 (primarily because of recruitment), declined to 99 from February to April 2009, and to 95 by August 2009. These results indicate a decline of nearly 50% in < 15 years. The main conservation actions required for this subspecies are the suppression of poaching and feral dogs, the creation of other reserves to receive dorcas gazelles from M'Sabih Talaa (to avoid loss of the single population from a catastrophic event), and the implementation of a genetic management programme.
Radical Scavenging Activity of the Japanese Traditional Food, Amazake

The traditional Japanese beverage amazake was evaluated as a possible treatment for oxidative stress. For this purpose, the radical scavenging activities of four kinds of amazake were investigated by determining diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical, galvinoxyl radical and superoxide anion radical quenching activities using a spectrophotometric method and an electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. ESR measurements were used to assess the superoxide anion radical scavenging activity by employing dimethylpyrroline N-oxide as a spin trapping reagent. The ferricyanide-reducing activity and chelating activity were evaluated spectroscopically. The results indicated that amazake made from brown rice had stronger radical scavenging, metal chelating and metal reducing activities than amazake produced from white rice and sake cake (by-product of sake).
Patient Reported Experience in a Pediatric Emergency Department

Objectives: To describe patient-reported experience in a pediatric emergency department (ED) and determine: (1) whether there are differences between the experience children report in comparison to their parents; and (2) whether factors such as time of visit (day, evening, night) and ED census are associated with patient experience. Methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional survey of children ≥8 years of age and the parents/guardians of children 0 to 17 years who visited a pediatric ED using a validated patient experience measure. The proportion of respondents for each question indicating that an aspect of their care could have been improved was calculated as problem scores for each survey item. The primary outcome was the overall problem scores for all respondents combined and for children and parents separately. Results: A total of 237 parents and 109 children completed surveys. The areas with the highest problem scores identified by both parents and children were: having enough to do while waiting to be seen (53.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 48.1, 58.8) and when to restart usual activities (34.7; 95% CI: 29.7, 40.0). There were meaningful differences in problem scores between children and parents including: doctors and nurses explaining what they were doing (parents: 19; 95% CI: 14.3, 24.7, child 40.4; 95% CI: 31.2, 50.2) and privacy when examined and treated (parents: 17.3; 95% CI: 12.8, 22.9, child: 36.7; 95% CI: 27.8, 46.5). Conclusion: There are differences in reported experience between children and their parents. This highlights the importance of including children when assessing patient experience in a pediatric setting.