Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast transient photoinduced absorption in silicon nanocrystals: Coupling of oxygen-related states to quantized sublevels

The authors have studied transient photoinduced absorption in single monolayers of oxidized silicon nanocrystals. Transient photoinduced absorption measurements along with optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) emission reveal that the light-absorption process takes place in defects related to strong PL emission, suggesting that the photoexcited carriers are in oxygen-related interface states. They have time-resolved ultrafast relaxation paths in oxygen-related states and quantized sublevels, which have important implications in the understanding of fundamental optical properties for this system.
On the role of special relativity in general relativity

Abstract The existence of a definite tangent space structure (metric with Lorentzian signature) in the general theory of relativity is the consequence of a fundamental assumption concerning the local validity of special relativity. There is then at the heart of Einstein's theory of gravity an absolute element which depends essentially on a common feature of all the non‐gravitational interactions in the world, and which has nothing to do with space‐time curvature. Tentative implications of this point for the significance of the vacuum solutions in general relativity, and for the issue of quantising gravity, are briefly examined.
Congruences satisfied by Apéry-like numbers

HENG HUAT CHAN∗, SHAUN COOPER† and FRANCESCO SICA‡ ∗Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore Block S17, 10, Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119076 Singapore matchh@nus.edu. sg †Institute of Information and Mathematical Sciences Massey University, Private Bag 102904 North Shore Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand s.cooper@massey.ac. nz ‡Mathematics and Computer Science, Mount Allison University 67 York Street, Sackville, NB, E4L 1E6, Canada fsica@mta.ca
Soil bacterial communities are influenced by soil chemical characteristics and dispersal limitation in commercial strawberry production systems

Abstract Bacterial communities play multiple functional roles in soil that have positive and negative feedbacks on plant health. However, relatively few studies have focused on the ecology of soil bacterial communities in commercial strawberry production systems. The objective of this study was to determine if ecological processes influencing soil bacterial communities are consistent among commercial strawberry production locations and plots within the same geographic region. Soil samples were collected using a spatially explicit design from three plots in two commercial strawberry production locations in the Salinas Valley region of California. Soil carbon, nitrogen, and pH were measured for each of the 72 soil samples and bacterial communities were characterized using 16 S rRNA sequencing. Multivariate analyses showed bacterial community composition was differentiated between the two strawberry production locations. Analyses of communities within plots demonstrated soil pH and nitrogen were significant predictors of bacterial community composition in one of the three sampled plots. Bacterial communities displayed spatial structure in two plots at one location based on a significant increase in community dissimilarity with increasing spatial distance. Null model analyses identified a lack of phylogenetic turnover among bacterial communities in all plots, but a greater frequency of dispersal limitation in the two plots where spatial structure was also observed. Overall, this work suggests that ecological factors influencing soil bacterial communities are not consistent among different strawberry production locations or plots which may impact the ability to predict or manage the effect of soil microbiomes on strawberry health.
Long-term optical spectrophotometric monitoring of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)

We observed comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) at 4.6-2.9 AU pre-perihelion and 2.8-12.8 AU post-perihelion with optical long-slit spectroscopy. Emission bands of CN, C 3 , C 2 and NH 2 have been covered. Emission of C 3 was detected up to 7.0 AU, and CN could be followed up to 9.8 AU post-perihelion. Spatial column density profiles of the radicals have been used to derive effective parent Haser scale lengths for heliocentric distances beyond 3 AU. Production rates were derived based on these Haser scale lengths. The observations of CN are in agreement with HCN as the major parent molecule of this radical at large distances from the Sun (i.e. beyond ∼3 AU). We compare the measured CN production rate to sublimation rates of HCN from a simple nucleus sublimation model. The variation of CN production rates with changing heliocentric distance gives no indication for sublimation from the interior and is consistent with very little thermal lag of the nucleus.
Algorithms for state bounding in large-scale systems

A class of linear and time-invariant large-scale systems under unknown input signals and measurement errors is considered. No assumptions about statistical properties of the unknown quantities are made. the uncertainty is modelled through bounds that define ellipsoids in which lie unknown initial conditions and unknown ellipsoidal tubes containing signal trajectories. the state estimation problem consists of determining on-line the smallest sets in the state space in which the unknown system state lies. Two hierarchical estimation algorithms are proposed and compared, namely the ‘completely decentralized with interaction measurements’ (CDIM) algorithm and the two-level hierarchical with interaction measurements (THIM) algorithm. the THIM algorithm leads to smaller estimating sets owing to additional co-ordinator-level information.
Critiquing Models of Emotions

This article provides the first systematic empirical examination of four major genres of theories concerning the nature and rise of the corpus of human emotions with more than 2,000 statistical tests of five hypotheses. The distinction between evolutionary-universal and other ``secondary'' emotions is empirically uninformative for all five cultures. Next, the emotion-wheel theory of Plutchik receives no empirical support. All palette theories fail four empirical tests. More than 90 empirical tests fail to support Kemper and Turner in assuming that many secondary emotions arise through complex combinations of primary emotions due to socialization. The Johnson-Laird and Oatley hypothesis of five universal clusters of emotions is also tested and rejected. Researchers need to rethink the heuristic value of dichotomizing and lumping emotions in categories such as universal, primary, basic, secondary, tertiary, and so forth. There are clear empirical advantages to differentiating between emotions with three dimensions rather than two dimensions.
Be-10 abundance and the age of cosmic rays - A balloon measurement

The isotopic composition of cosmic ray Be, B, C, and N has been studied using a new range versus total light technique. Special emphasis has been placed on the Be isotopes and, in particular, on the radioactive isotope /sup 10/Be whose mean lifetime against decay (tau/sub d/=2.2 x 10/sup 6/ yr) makes it an ideal ''clock'' with which to measure the cosmic-ray age. The experiment was carried by balloon on 1973 August 15 to atmospheric depths ranging from 3.5 to 5.0 g cm/sup -2/ residual atmosphere for a total exposure time of 23 hr. The mass resolution achieved by the experiment is given by sigma/sub A/=0.047 A. The importance of correcting the data for interactions in the detector, for varying energy windows (roughly 150 to 450 MeV per nucleon) for different isotopes, and most importantly for production and destruction of nuceli in nuclear interactions in the atmosphere is discussed. The data are compared with those of other experimenters. The results indicate the survival of (55 +- 20) % of the /sup 10/Be in the arriving cosmic rays. In the leaky box model, this is interpreted in terms of a mean cosmic-ray confinement time given by tau/sub e/=5(+6, -3) x 10/supmore » 6/ yr, which corresponds to a mean density, n=0.7 (+1.0, -0.4) atoms cm/sup -3/, of matter in the confinement volume. « less
The abundance discrepancy – recombination line versus forbidden line abundances for a northern sample of galactic planetary nebulae

We present deep optical spectra of 23 galactic planetary nebulae, which are analysed in conjunction with archival infrared and ultraviolet spectra. We derive nebular electron temperatures based on standard collisionally excited line (CEL) diagnostics as well as the hydrogen Balmer jump and find that, as expected, the Balmer jump almost always yields a lower temperature than the [O III] nebular-to-auroral line ratio. We also make use of the weak temperature dependence of helium and O II recombination line ratios to further investigate the temperature structure of the sample nebulae. We find that, in almost every case, the derived temperatures follow the relation T e (CEL) ≥ T e (BJ) ≥ T e (He I) ≥ T e (O II), which is the relation predicted by two-component nebular models in which one component is cold and hydrogen-deficient. T e (O II) may be as low as a few hundred Kelvin, in line with the low temperatures found for the hydrogen-deficient knots of Abell 30 by Wesson, Liu and Barlow. Elemental abundances are derived for the sample nebulae from both CELs and optical recombination lines (ORLs). ORL abundances are higher than CEL abundances in every case, by factors ranging from 1.5 to 12. Five objects with O 2+ abundance discrepancy factors greater than 5 are found. DdDm 1 and Vy 2-2 are both found to have a very large abundance discrepancy factor of 11.8. We consider the possible explanations for the observed discrepancies. From the observed differences between T e (O III) and T e (BJ), we find that temperature fluctuations cannot resolve the abundance discrepancies in 22 of the 23 sample nebulae, implying some additional mechanism for enhancing ORL emission. In the one ambiguous case, the good agreement between abundances derived from temperature-insensitive infrared lines and temperature-sensitive optical lines also points away from temperature fluctuations being present. The observed recombination line temperatures, the large abundance discrepancies and the generally good agreement between infrared and optical CEL abundances all suggest instead the existence of a cold hydrogen-deficient component within the 'normal' nebular gas. The origin of this component is as yet unknown.
Solar Rotation Effects in Earth's and Mars' Thermospheric Densities as Revealed by Concurrent MAVEN, Swarm‐C, and GOES Observations

The responses of Earth's and Mars' thermospheric densities to quasi‐periodic (∼27‐day) solar rotation variations in flux were measured contemporaneously by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites, and Swarm‐C satellites. While large solar rotation variability is found in both planetary thermospheres, correlation analyses performed on over 6 years of observations reveal that, independently of extreme ultraviolet flux level, Earth's daytime density response is about 10%–50% larger than Mars' at a similar density level. Important altitude dependencies in the density sensitivity to the solar rotation in solar flux are found in the Martian thermosphere, while the terrestrial thermosphere is shown to exhibit only small (±5%) day/night and latitude variations in the response. Detailed analyses focused on correlative periods in 2015–2016 and 2020 indicate important solar cycle effects in the sensitivities of both planetary thermospheres, with increased slopes under low solar flux conditions. These results provide important new insights into processes relevant to the interpretation of the sources of short‐term density variability in Mars' and Earth's thermospheres associated with solar drivers and point to the need for targeted modeling efforts along with dedicated data analyses to help resolve current unknowns in thermal balance processes.
Doubled Haploid Rice Lines Production through Anther Culture of F1 Derived from Abiotic Stress Tolerant Parents

Anther culture is one of the feasible technologies for accelerating rice breeding programs. This research aimed at determining the anther culture ability and doubled-haploid plants production of eight F1s derived from single crosses between indica rice parents that had a single or multiple abiotic stresses tolerance. The experiment was conducted using completely randomized design (CRD) with 15 replications. Medium for callus induction was based on N6 + 2.0 mg L-1 NAA +0.5 mg L-1 kinetin + 1 mM putrescine, while the regeneration medium was based on MS + 0.5 mg L-1 NAA + 2.0 mg L- kinetin 1 + 1 mM putrescine. Medium for rooting was MS + 0.5 mg L-1 IBA. The results indicated that all F1 populations gave varied responses to callus induction and plant regeneration. The F1populations from HS4-11-1-2/B13926E-KA-23 had higher anther culture ability compared to other seven F1 populations as indicated by the efficiency in callus formation and plant regeneration. Overall, the number of doubled haploid individuals (DHs) obtained was 158. F1 populations using HS4-11-1-2 as female parent, HS4-11-1-2/B13926E-KA-23 and HS4-11-1-2/CG8-93-1-1 contributed 45.4% and 34.9% doubled haploid individuals, respectively. The developed DHs lines need to be morphologically and agronomically characterized as well as screened under different combinations of abiotic stress to identify high-yielding and abiotic stress tolerant individuals for further rice breeding program.
Couples’ housework division among immigrants and natives – the role of women’s economic resources

ABSTRACT Previous literature has intensively examined gender differences in housework hours among couples. However, analyses on immigrant couples are rare, despite the highly uneven division of their household labor. By testing competing theoretical explanations, this study focused on the impact of immigrant wives’ labor market integration on couples’ division of housework time. Using longitudinal representative data for Germany from 1995–2019, we applied fixed effects estimations to examine the effect of immigrant and native-born wives’ income and labor market entry on the housework time of both wives and husbands. Immigrant wives barely adjusted their housework times due to relative or absolute income changes, which can be explained by immigrant couples’ traditional orientation together with their lower social and labor market integration. Among native-born wives, increasing housework time with increasing relative income – a behavior also possibly determined by traditional gender values – was observed only when they earned more than 60 percent of the couples’ total income. Furthermore, the high gender differences in housework time gave immigrant husbands flexibility to respond to their wives’ labor market integration, as proposed by the relative resources perspective.
Dexamethasone-Induced Fatty Acid Oxidation and Autophagy/Mitophagy Are Essential for T-ALL Glucocorticoid Resistance

Simple Summary Reduced response to glucocorticoids (GCs, such as dexamethasone, Dex), first-line drugs employed during therapy induction, is considered a poor prognosis factor for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients. Here, the effects of Dex in patient-derived T-ALL cell lines were analyzed. Dex primarily targeted and rapidly accumulated in mitochondria, eventually causing a metabolic switch from glycolysis and glutaminolysis towards lipolysis and increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO), mitochondrial extra energization, and increased ROS production. Finally, mitochondrial damage/fission and autophagy/mitophagy were observed. Prevention of either FAO or autophagy greatly sensitized both T-ALL cells to Dex, which can be used to overcome GC resistance in T-ALL. Abstract ALL is a highly aggressive subtype of leukemia that affects children and adults. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a critical component of the chemotherapeutic strategy against T-ALL. Cases of resistance to GC therapy and recurrent disease require novel strategies to overcome them. The present study analyzed the effects of Dex, one of the main GCs used in ALL treatment, on two T-ALL cell lines: resistant Jurkat and unselected CCRF-CEM, representing a mixture of sensitive and resistant clones. In addition to nuclear targeting, we observed a massive accumulation of Dex in mitochondria. Dex-treated leukemic cells suffered metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis and glutaminolysis towards lipolysis and increased FAO, along with increased membrane polarization and ROS production. Dex provoked mitochondrial fragmentation and induced autophagy/mitophagy. Mitophagy preceded cell death in susceptible populations of CCRF-CEM cells while serving as a pro-survival mechanism in resistant Jurkat. Accordingly, preventing FAO or autophagy greatly increased the Dex cytotoxicity and overcame GC resistance. Dex acted synergistically with mitochondria-targeted drugs, curcumin, and cannabidiol. Collectively, our data suggest that GCs treatment should not be neglected even in apparently GC-resistant clinical cases. Co-administration of drugs targeting mitochondria, FAO, or autophagy can help to overcome GC resistance.
Airfoil Self-Noise Generated in a Cascade

Self-noise from fans and rotors is generated by blade boundary-layer turbulence interacting with the trailing edges of the blades. Previous theories describing this mechanism have considered only an isolated airfoil and have shown that acoustic scattering from the sharp trailing edge is responsible for the sound that propagates to the far field. In aeroengine applications, fans or stators have relatively high solidity, and there will be acoustic scattering from adjacent hlades as well as the blade locally excited by the flow. The theory is given for self-noise from a fan modeled as a linear cascade of semi-infinite flat plates. The magnitude of the self-noise mechanism is compared with the field that would he generated by a single airfoil without adjacent blade scattering.
The Generation, Turbulent Transfer and Deposition of the Sea-Salt Aerosol

Abstract An atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) model is used to address problems involving the generation, turbulent transport, and deposition of giant sized (1–25 μm) sea-salt aerosol. The surface aerosol generation rate is taken from the production flux expressions developed by Monahan. A simplified second-moment closure formulation for turbulent transport is used, while dry deposition fluxes are computed as functions of Stokes' settling speed and the rate of inertial impaction of particles across the viscous sublayer. Initially we investigate, starting from first principles, whether the model can develop reasonable sea-salt volume distributions at several different Beaufort wind forces Using the empirical expressions for generation and deposition fluxes, we permit an initially aerosol-free ABL to fill by diffusion until the volume distributions approach equilibrium. , we then compare these distributions with the classic Woodcock observations. Further experiments are conducted in which we explore the dynam.
Bounds for surface solitary waves

In these notes we give proofs of some properties of surface solitary waves. Assuming the existence of solitary-wave solutions to the nonlinear boundary-value problem (P) defined below, it is shown (i) that the wave is a wave of elevation alone, and (ii) that at large distances it is asymptotic to a uniform supercritical stream (i.e. the Froude number , where c is the speed of the stream, h is its depth, and g is the gravity constant). We also deduce a number of inequalities relating F2 to a/h, where a is the maximum displacement of the free surface from its value at infinity. In particular, it is shown for the wave of greatest height that 1·480 < F2 < 2.
First Observation of the Blue Optical Lines of Francium

We report here the first wave-length measurements in the second resonance doublet of francium, D1'(7s2S1/2-8p2P 1/2) and D2'(7s2S1/2-8p2P 3/2), carried out by collinear fast-beam laser spectroscopy. The transition wave numbers are D1' = 23112.9603(50) cm-1 and D2' = 23658.3058(40) cm-1, corresponding to a 8p fine-structure splitting of δW8p = 545.3454(70) cm-1. In addition the hyperfine structure in both lines and the isotope shift in the D2' line for the isotopes 212,213,220,221Fr have been measured. The results are discussed with special emphasis on the analysis of the atomic structure in the heaviest alkali element and compared with theoretical predictions, as well as the only earlier spectroscopic data on francium obtained in the first resonance doublet.
Balanced Dynamics of Mesoscale Vortices Produced in Simulated Convective Systems

Abstract Long-lived, mesoscale convective systems are known to occasionally produce mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) in the lower to middle troposphere with horizontal scales averaging 100–200 km. The formation of MCVs is investigated using fully three-dimensional cloud model simulations of idealized, mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), initialized with a finite length line of unstable perturbations. In agreement with observations, the authors find that environmental conditions favoring MCV formation exhibit weak vertical shear confined to roughly the lowest 3 km, provided the Coriolis parameter (f) is chosen appropriate for midlatitudes. With f = 0, counterrotating vortices form on the line ends, positive to the north and negative to the south with westerly environmental shear. The MCV and end vortices are synonymous with anomalies of potential vorticity (PV). Using PV inversion techniques, the authors show that the vortices are nearly balanced, even with f = 0. However, the formation of mesoscale v.
A Unified Approach to Quadrature Rules with Asymptotic Estimates of Their Remainders

The starting point of this paper is a theorem, based on the theory of functions of a complex variable, which essentially gives a representation of the remainder in a quadrature rule as a contour integral. From this theorem it is shown how most of the well-known interpolatory and non-interpolatory quadrature rules may be derived. Some new quadrature rules are also given. The latter part of the paper is devoted to the evaluation of asymptotic estimates of the remainder, by consideration of particular examples. It is shown how this asymptotic analysis frequently gives excellent estimates of the remainder.
On the Defect of Compactness for the Strichartz Estimates of the Schrödinger Equations

Abstract In this paper, we prove that every sequence of solutions to the linear Schrodinger equation, with bounded data in H1( R d), d⩾3, can be written, up to a subsequence, as an almost orthogonal sum of sequences of the type h−(d−2)/2nV((t−tn)/h2n, (x−xn)/ hn ), where V is a solution of the linear Schrodinger equation, with a small remainder term in Strichartz norms. Using this decomposition, we prove a similar one for the defocusing H1-critical nonlinear Schrodinger equation, assuming that the initial data belong to a ball in the energy space where the equation is solvable. This implies, in particular, the existence of an a priori estimate of the Strichartz norms in terms of the energy.