Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathology Resident Evaluation During the Pandemic: Testing and Implementation of a Comprehensive Online Pathology Exam

Despite global digitization, evaluating pathology trainees by paper exams remains the norm. As new social distancing practices require new ways of administering exams, we assessed the viability of an online format for in-house exams from the resident and examiner perspectives. First, pathology residents participated in a practice exam, while staff who were experienced in creating exams were given an online exam-creation demonstration. Subsequently, residents completed a formal 3-hour online exam comprised of multiple-choice, matching, short answer, and whole slide images in place of the paper exam regularly used to evaluate trainees. The experience of the participants was evaluated by surveys. Eighteen residents completed the practice exam; 67% were receptive to the new format and 94% were in favor of moving to digital exams. Seven staff evaluated the digital format and 6 were in favor of it. For the formal online in-house exam, 20 residents participated and 14 completed the survey. Feedback was generally positive with the most common issue being slow-loading digital slides. Exam scores stratified by postgraduate training years in a statistically significant manner, showing positive correlation with resident training level. The online exam format was preferred over paper exams by trainees, with support from both staff and trainees for a permanent transition. Online exams have clear advantages, but technical issues should be addressed before widespread implementation. Our study demonstrates that online exams are a feasible alternative for trainee assessment, especially in socially distanced environments.
Soil nematodes status of crude oil polluted sites in Bodo community, Gokana Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

Crude oil spill destroys biodiversity and adversely impacts the physicochemical characteristics of the terrestrial and aquatic environments. The population characteristics of soil nematodes can serve as indicators of alterations in the terrestrial environment. To determine the effects of crude oil spillage on the soil nematode fauna status; a study was carried out at an impacted area in Gokana Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. 60 soil samples were randomly collected vertically (30 from the unpolluted sites and 30 from the polluted sites) at designated depths of 0-5 cm, 6-10 cm and 11-15 cm with the aid of a calibrated soil corer. Soil samples were taken to the laboratory for nematode extraction using the Baermann’s extraction technique and the sieving method. Physiochemical parameters of the soil samples were determined using standard laboratory techniques. A total of 340 nematodes (from 11 genera) were recovered in the soil samples comprising; 169 (49.7%) nematodes from polluted sites and 171 (50.3%) nematodes from the unpolluted sites. There was slight variability in nematode species diversity, richness and abundance in the polluted and unpolluted sites (p>0.05). Crude oil pollution influenced soil nematodes community composition while anthropological interferences such as farming influenced the successional trend of which was reflected in the maturity index values obtained from the study. Key words: Crude oil, soil nematodes, biodiversity, polluted sites and maturity index.
Feeding habits and mobility of Equus conversidens and E. mexicanus from La Presita Blanca, State of San Luis Potosí, México

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to determine the feeding habits and home range of fossil horses (Equus conversidens and E. mexicanus) from La Presita Blanca, San Luis Potosí, central México. For this purpose, we used carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotope ratios. We compared 87Sr/86Sr from horses with strontium ratios of La Presita Blanca plants and soils to identify if these animals were local or came from elsewhere. The δ13C values indicate that E. conversidens specimen consumed C4 plants and E. mexicanus was a mixed feeder. In this case, carbon isotopic values reflect only the animal’s feeding preferences and not the type of vegetation that existed in La Presita Blanca during the Pleistocene. Furthermore, δ18O values and strontium isotopic ratios show that E. conversidens was an animal that could be local to the Campo Volcánico de San Luis Potosí whereas E. mexicanus came from another region.
Evaluating Plant-Available Potassium in Different Soils Using a Modified Sodium Tetraphenylboron Method

Finding a uniform method to evaluate plant-available potassium (K) in a variety of soils has been a challenge. In this study, the sodium tetraphenylboron (NaBPh4) method was modified and compared with the conventional ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) method to evaluate K availability to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in soils with different K fertilities. The amount of K extracted using NaBPh4 was influenced by extraction time and concentrations of NaCl and NaBPh4. Without NaCl, the NaBPh4 method with low concentrations of NaBPh4 (0.001 and 0.003 mol L−1) could only extract soluble and exchangeable soil K, equivalent to three sequential extractions using the NH4OAc method, whereas the NaBPh4 method with a high NaBPh4 concentration (0.2 mol L−1) could extract all the NH4OAc-extractable K and some easily released nonexchangeable K (NEK) in soils. Easily released NEK contributed significantly to K uptake by ryegrass. Soil K availability estimated using the 60-min (r2 = 0.83-0.92) and 120-min (r2 = 0.84-0.94) modified NaBPh4 methods correlated well to the K removed by one to eight crops of ryegrass. The 60-min modified NaBPh4 method without NaCl (0.2 mol L−1 NaBPh4 + 0.01 mol L−1 EDTA) was suitable for evaluating K availability to plants in a variety of soils, whereas the NH4OAc method was only suitable for evaluating K availability in soils of the same type or with similar K-buffering capacities, but not in soils with variable K buffer capacities or in which the NEK contribution to plant K uptake varied.
Autonomy and Specificity in Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Mexico

Author(s): Corral, Carolina; Gine, Xavier; Mahajan, Aprajit; Seira, Enrique | Abstract: We explore heterogeneity in soil quality, lack of knowledge and autonomy as explanations for the low adoption of improved agricultural practices using a ran-domized field experiment that combined localized soil analyses, tailored input rec-ommendations, extension services and an in-kind grant. We find that while neither the degree of recommendation specificity (plot vs cluster level) nor the extent of au-tonomy (defined as the freedom of choice in spending the in-kind grant) had any effect on adoption during the intervention, farmers with autonomy had substan-tially higher adoption of improved practices two years after the intervention ended.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN PENINGKATAN PROFESIONAL GURU TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Process during the Covid-19 pandemic which was carried out at home in accordance with a government circular in order to break the chain of the spread of Covid 19. "Unpreparedness of all elements, one of which is that teachers in learning are a big obstacle too, there is a change in teaching and learning from Being face-to-face being online requires readiness from all elements. Therefore, the leadership of school principals and teacher professionals are two factors among other factors that can affect teacher performance during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method with a total sample of 42 teachers. The data collection technique used a questionnaire with a Likert scale. Data were analyzed using simple and multiple correlation and regression techniques. The results showed that the influence of the principal's leadership and professional teachers was very dominant on the teacher's performance at SD Asy-Syifa 2 Bandung with a level of influence of 52.1%, and the remaining 47.9% was determined by other factors. So it can be concluded that the better the leadership of the principal and the professional improvement of teachers, the better the teacher's performance.
Diferencial de desempenho dos estudantes cotistas no Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes: evidências sobre as instituições de ensino superior federais

The performance differential between quota and non-quota students at the National Exam for Evaluating Student Achievement between 2013-2015 is investigated using data from the National Institute for Pedagogical Studies, as well as whether there is a heterogeneous effect between the types of available quotas: ethnic-racial, income, public school, combination, and others. Two methods were used: Balancing by Entropy and Matching by Propensity Score (Pareamento por Escore de Propensão – PEP) for multiple treatments. The results show that the quota effect was significant, but negative on the gross grade. In the multiple treatment model, there is a negative and significant effect on ethnic-racial, income, and others quotas. However, they were positive and significant in public and combination schools. It is concluded that the performance is affected in a heterogeneous way depending on the type of quota. In addition, on average, quota students perform below non-quota ones in ENADE.
A Comprehensive Study of the Neuropharmacological Profile of Methanol Leaf Extract of Aloe vera and Identification of Associated Neuroprotective Compounds through Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Analysis

The objective of this study is to determine the neuropharmacological activities of the methanol extract of Aloe vera leaf and identify the potential bioactive compounds present in the same responsible for the activities through Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The study is done on Wistar albino rats and composed of 5 groups, methanol extract of Aloe vera leaf at 200, 400, 800 mg/kg, normal saline (control) and standard drugs Phenytoin and Diazepam. Antiepileptic activities are done using maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazole induced convulsion models and anxiolytic sedative activities using the staircase test, actophotometer test and sleep prolongation test. The chemometric analysis is performed using Clarus 500 Perkin Gas Chromatograph coupled with a mass detector, Turbo mass gold–Perkin Elmer Turbomass 5.1 spectrometer with an Elite-1 (100 % dimethyl polysiloxane), 30 m×0.25 mm ID×0.25 μm of the capillary column. The results demonstrated anxiolytic potential at 200 and 400 mg/kg and sedative activity at 800 mg/kg comparable to Diazepam. The methanolic extract of Aloe vera leaf at 800 mg/kg displayed antiepileptic activity compared to Phenytoin. The Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of phytol (23.76), alpha-tocopherol (4.67), maltol (3.69), humulene (6.58), caryophyllene (2.73), n-hexadecanoic acid (2.16), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (3.70), squalene (3.51), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (2.12), which are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds. These plant derived bioactive compounds are demonstrated to have antianxiety, antiepileptic, sedative hypnotic and neuroprotective potential in neurodegenerative models and might serve as future prospective drug candidates in neurodegenerative disorders).
Determination of Complete Melting and Surface Premelting Points of Silver Nanoparticles by Molecular Dynamics Simulation

A molecular dynamics simulation based on the embedded-atom method was conducted at different sizes of single-crystal Ag nanoparticles (NPs) with diameters of 4 to 20 nm to find complete melting and surface premelting points. Unlike the previous theoretical models, our model can predict both complete melting and surface premelting points for a wider size range of NPs. Programmed heating at an equal rate was applied to all sizes of NPs. Melting kinetics showed three different trends that are, respectively, associated with NPs in the size ranges of 4 to 7 nm, 8 to 10 nm, and 12 to 20 nm. NPs in the first range melted at a single temperature without passing through a surface premelting stage. Melting of the second range started by forming a quasi-liquid layer that expanded to the core, followed by the formation of a liquid layer of 1.8 nm thickness that also subsequently expanded to the core with increasing temperature and completed the melting process. For particles in the third range, the 1.8 nm liquid laye.
Classification of BTn-groups over perfectoid rings

In this work, we investigate p-divisible groups over integral perfectoid rings by focussing on the relevant p-power torsion subgroups, which are instances of BTn-groups. We use results of Lau and Anschutz-Le Bras to show that such groups can be described by semi linear algebra objects which live over the tilt of the ground ring. These objects are called BKn-modules. From this classification, we deduce that in our setting every BTn-group can be lifted to a p-divisible group. In the case of local perfectoid rings, we find an explicit description of this data in terms of orbits with respect to a certain group operation. By the connection between BT1-groups and F-Zips, this contains the classification of F-Zips ober a perfect field of characteristic p as a special case. We also deal with globalization aspects of this results. We show that BKn modules can be glued with respect to a certain topology which is fine enough to depict the classifying stack of BKn-modules as a quotient stack. Moreover, we consider our constructions with respect to the finer p-complete arc topology. This topology has a basis consisting of products of perfectoid valuation rings of rank at most 1. Finally, we show globalization results for this topology. In particular, BKn-modules over a perfect ring can be glued together and the resulting stack has a description as a quotient stack. Assuming a conjecture, analogous results are proved for general perfectoid rings.
Does Polarized Political Environment Hamper Foreign Investors? The Evidence from Parliamentary Democracies

The socio-political characteristics of the host environment influence investment decisions. The complexity of the political setup strengthens the need for advanced research in the field. The main contribution of this article is to identify the party polarization as a separate dimension of the political system. This paper examines the relationship between the foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and the host country political factors: the party polarization and the political stability. Besides constructing the political polarization index in a traditional way, authors also formulate a novel measure, which explicitly shows the divergence of political parties on economic actions. By using the manifesto data of 50 parliamentary democracies based on fixed effects model, authors conclude that political polarization is an important socio-political factor which has been previously neglected in literature while addressing the determinants of foreign investments. The paper shows that the effect of political polarization on FDI inflows changes for country groups of different institutional and development indicators. Authors underline the importance of political instability in tackling the polarization impact on capital flows. Accounting together the two variables, the authors find a negative significant effect on FDI.
The Impact of Climate Change on the Cost of Bank Loans

We find that firms in locations with higher exposure to climate risk, as measured by drought conditions, pay significantly higher spreads on their bank loans. Exploiting the economic link between a firm and its customers, we also show that the exposure of a firm’s customers to climate risk increases that firm’s cost of borrowing. Cross-sectional analysis indicates that the effect is driven by the long-term loans of poorly rated firms. Overall, our evidence suggests a slow increase in lenders’ attention to climate risk and that lenders have yet to fully understand and price all dimensions of this risk.
Zur Biosynthese der Pipecolinsäure in Phaseolus vulgaris

Um Aussagen über die Herkunft des N-Atoms in der Pipecolinsäure machen zu können, wurde an Pflanzen von Phaseolus vulgaris Lysin-[2-14C,α-15N] und Lysin-[2-14C,ε-15N] verfüttert. Aus den Inkorporations-Versuchen geht hervor, daß die α-Aminogruppe des Lysins wesentlich besser in die Pipecolinsäure eingebaut wird als die ε-Aminogruppe.
Knowledge about Emergency Contraception Pills among Primary Health Care Doctors in Baghdad\Al-Karkh Sector

Background: Unintended pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of problems especially when woman is not in her optimal health for childbearing. The problem of unintended pregnancy and its complication can be reduced by the use of emergency contraception. Objective: To explore the knowledge of health care doctors in Baghdad/Al Karkh, Iraq regarding emergency contraception pills. Participants and Method: A structured questionnaire was distributed to a total of 390 primary health care doctors (obstetrics and gynecology specialists, general practitioners and family physicians). The questionnaire contained two main domains: demographic characteristics and knowledge about EC. Results: The majority of the sample were females 287 (73.6%), and the general practitioner (41.8%), family medicine specialists (34.6%). about one third of them were in age 40–49 years old, 72.1% of the physicians have no training about emergency contraceptive. Conclusion: A deficit in knowledge shown by health care physicians lead to an insufficient use of emergency contraceptive pills methods.
Viscoelasticity, Nonlinear Shear Start-up, and Relaxation of Entangled Star Polymers

We report on a detailed rheological investigation of well-defined symmetric entangled polymer stars of low functionality with varying number of arms, molar mass of the arms, and solvent content. Emphasis is placed on the response of the stars in simple shear, during start-up, and for relaxation upon flow cessation. To reduce experimental artifacts associated with edge fracture (primarily) and wall slip, we employ a homemade cone-partitioned plate fixture which was successfully implemented in recent studies. Reliable data for these highly entangled stars could be obtained for Weissenberg numbers below 300. The appearance of a stress overshoot during start-up with a corresponding strain approaching a value of 2 suggests that in the investigated shear regime the stars orient but do not stretch. This is corroborated by the fact that the empirical Cox–Merx rule appears to be validated, within experimental error. On the other hand, the (shear) rate dependent steady shear viscosity data exhibit a slope smaller t.
Virulence Characteristic of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Isolates

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) merupakan penyebab kolibasilosis pada unggas, salah satu penyakit pernapasan yang menyebabkan permasalahan yang serius di industri perunggasan. APEC dapat mengakibatkan tingginya jumlah kematian dan angka afkir, penurunan produksi, dan tingginya biaya pengobatan. Manifestasi kolibasilosis yang biasa terjadi adalah airsacculitis, perihepatitis, dan perikarditis. Serotipe APEC yang banyak diidentifikasi di lapangan adalah O1K1, O2K1, dan O78K80. Embryo lethality assay (ELA) adalah salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui virulensi serotipe APEC. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik virulensi isolat APEC berbagai serotipe. Lima isolat APEC serotipe O1K1, O2K1, O78K80, O157H7, dan unknown serotype digunakan untuk pengujian virulensi dengan menginokulasikan bakteri ke dalam cairan alantois telur ayam berembrio spesific pathogenic free (TAB SPF) umur 12 hari. Masingmasing serotipe dibutuhkan telur sebanyak 10_butir, dengan dosis bakteri 100-500 CFU/ 0.1 ml. Candling dilakukan setiap hari, sampai umur embrio 18 hari, untuk menentukan jumlah kematian dan perubahan lesi patologi. Setelah diamati selama 6 hari, persentase TAB yang mati setelah diinokulasi dengan APEC serotipe O1K1, O2K1, unknown serotype adalah 100% (10/10), serotipe O78K80 90% (9/10), dan serotipe O157H7 70% (70%). Seluruh ayam yang mati mengalami lesi patologi adanya hemoragi daerah kranial dan ektremitas. Seluruh isolat E. coli dalam penelitian ini memiliki virulensi tinggi.
Preparation of Active Resveratrol Dimeric Derivatives by Oxidative Coupling Reaction Using AgOAc as Oxidant

Oxidative coupling reaction of resveratrol in methanol using silver acetate as oxidant gave seven resveratrol dimeric derivatives 1~7. Their structures and relative configurations were determined on the basis of spectral analysis, and their formation mechanisms were discussed, respectively. Among them, compounds 3, 4 and 5 were determined as new stilbene dimers, and compounds 6 and 7 were synthesized as natural compounds for the first time. All the compounds were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activities.
Study on Relationship between Calcium and Iron and Dietary Life

Relationship between the dietary life and calcium and iron intake was studied on 185 female junior college students living primarily in metropolitan Tokyo. Following results were obtained. 1) Calcium and iron intake (78.1% and 78.2%) was lower than RDA. 2) Various food intake was analysed by classifying them into three groups ; (less than 60%), (60 ~ 90%), (more than 90% of RDA) ; that of legumes, green and yellow vegetables, other vegetables, fish, meat and eggs with iron intake (p <0.05). 3) A questionnaire survey revealed that many students of the high calcium group (more than 90% of RDA) drank much milk, and that those of the high iron group had good appetites, were careful to take more number of food items compared to the other group, and came from multiple generation families. Jpn. J. Nutr. , 49 (1) 17~24 (1991)
Development of a new detector and DAQ systems for iBIX

Abstract A new photon-counting 2D detector and time-of-flight (TOF) data-acquisition (DAQ) electronics were developed as a system for iBIX diffractometer in J-PARC. The detector system is composed of two ceramic ZnS/ 10 B 2 O 3 scintillator sheets, 256×2 wavelength-shifting (WLS) fibers, eight 64 ch multi-anode photomultipliers (PMT), a high-speed 512-channel amplifier and discriminator, and a 512-channel encoder module with FPGA for time and position determination. The scintillator sheets have high detection efficiency, 30% and 45% at 1.8 A for 0.2 and 0.3 mm in thickness, respectively. The WLS fibers (0.5-mm square type) are arranged along X and Y directions with gaps of 0.02 mm; therefore the size of one pixel is 0.52 mm. The PMT have 17% of quantum efficiency for the light from WLS fibers. The detective region (133×133 mm 2 ) has more than 66% in the front face of the detector. The amplifier and discriminator module has 300 MHz of frequency band, fixed gain (60), and 20–300 mV of discriminator level. The encoder module has many coincidence modes including various pattern-matching methods and a centroid-computation method. The pulse-pair resolution is 4–5 μs. For the DAQ module, we can use both of histogram and event modes for measurement. The recording rate is 5×10 5 events/s for the event mode. Maximum number of the time-channel bins is 4096 for the histogram mode.
Specific surface energies and dissolution behavior of aspirin crystal

The displacement velocity of each crystalline face of aspirin on dissolution in distilled water was determined by using large single crystals grown from ethanolic solution. It was found that each crystalline face of aspirin has its own displacement velocity. The specific surface energies for those crystalline surfaces in water and in vacuo were calculated from a set of atom-atom pairwise potential functions. The relative rate of diminution of surface area on dissolution of the crystal can be correlated to the sensitivity of the surface energy to the polarity of the solvent.