Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Residual stress concentrations in a stainless steel slot-weld measured by the contour method and neutron diffraction

Arc-welding involves the deposition of molten filler metal and the localised input of intense heat. The surrounding parent material and, in the case of multi-pass welds, previously deposited weld metal, undergoes complex thermo-mechanical cycles involving elastic, plastic, creep and viscous deformations. These processes result in the development of large residual stress gradients around the welded region, which can be particularly detrimental to the structural integrity of plant components. The present study examines aggregated weld bead start and stop stress concentration effects in a three pass slot weld specimen that was designed to represent a multi-pass weld repair (without any original weld). The specimen design comprised a Type 316L stainless steel base-plate of nominal dimensions (300 × 200 × 25) mm3 with a 100 mm long by 10 mm deep central slot filled with 3 stringer manual metal arc weld beads, laid one on top of another. Residual stresses in three orthogonal directions were measured by neutron diffraction on a plane cutting through the centre of the plate, parallel to the welding direction, to show concentrations of tensile stress at both the weld start and stop positions. The transverse component of residual stress on the same plane in a second, nominally identical, specimen was mapped using the contour method. By applying two independent measurement techniques the residual stress field within the specimen type was determined with an increased level of confidence. Maximum transverse stress values of about 200 MPa at the weld start position and 300 MPa at the weld stop position were found. Peak tensile stresses in the longitudinal direction of 370 and 460 MPa were measured using neutron diffraction at the weld start and stop positions, respectively. The stresses measured by the contour method and neutron diffraction were in reasonable overall agreement with each other. However, the comparisons pointed to the possible presence of cutting artefacts in the contour results.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
PREDICTING THE ABRASION RESISTANCE OF TOOL STEELS BY MEANS OF NEUROFUZZY MODEL

This work considers use neurofuzzy set theory for estimate abrasion wear resistance of steels based on chemical composition, heat treatment (austenitising temperature, quenchant and tempering temperature), hardness after hardening and different tempering temperature and volume loss of materials according to ASTM G 65-94. Testing of volume loss for the following group of materials as fuzzy data set was taken: carbon tool steels, cold work tool steels, hot work tools steels, high-speed steels. Modelled adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is compared to statistical model of multivariable non-linear regression (MNLR). From the results it could be concluded that it is possible well estimate abrasion wear resistance for steel whose volume loss is unknown and thus eliminate unnecessary testing.
Lyman Break Galaxies and the Lyα Forest

We use hydrodynamic cosmological simulations to predict correlations between Lyα forest absorption and the galaxy distribution at redshift z ≈ 3. The probability distribution function (PDF) of Lyα flux decrements shifts systematically toward higher values in the vicinity of galaxies, reflecting the overdense environments in which these galaxies reside. The predicted signal remains strong in spectra smoothed over 50-200 km s-1, allowing tests with moderate-resolution quasar spectra. The strong bias of high-redshift galaxies toward high-density regions imprints a clear signature on the flux PDF, but the predictions are not sensitive to galaxy baryon mass or star formation rate, and they are similar for galaxies and dark matter halos. The dependence of the flux PDF on galaxy proximity is sensitive to redshift determination errors, with rms errors of 150-300 km s-1 substantially weakening the predicted trends. On larger scales, the mean galaxy overdensity in a cube of 5 or 10 h-1 Mpc (comoving) is strongly correlated with the mean Lyα flux decrement on a line of sight through the cube center. The slope of the correlation is ~3 times steeper for galaxies than for dark matter as a result of galaxy bias. The predicted large-scale correlation is in qualitative agreement with recently reported observational results. However, observations also show a drop in the average absorption in the immediate vicinity of galaxies, which our models do not predict even if we allow the galaxies or active galactic nuclei within them to be ionizing sources. This decreased absorption could be a signature of galaxy feedback on the surrounding intergalactic medium, perhaps via galactic winds. We find that a simplified "wind" model that eliminates neutral hydrogen in spheres around the galaxies can marginally explain the data. However, because peculiar velocities allow gas at large distances to produce saturated absorption at the galaxy redshift, these winds (or any other feedback mechanism) must extend to comoving radii of ~1.5 h-1 Mpc to reproduce the observations. We also discuss the possibility that extended Lyα emission from the target galaxies "fills in" the expected Lyα forest absorption at small angular separations.
Ieee Information Theory Society Newsletter President's Column from the Editor It Society Member Wins Ieee Medal for Contributions to Reliable Data Transmission including Code Con- Structions and Soft Decision Decoding for Contributions to Nonparametric Algorithms and Classification Systems for Machi

In this letter, we explain the importance of the 2ndorder asymptotic theory for channel coding and its mathematical structure via the information spectrum method, which provides an unified viewpoint for the 2nd-order asymptotic theory in information theory. Further, we treat applications to quantum cryptography, folklore in source coding, ans security analysis.
Susceptibility of Campylobacter hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis to antimicrobial agents and characterization of quinolone-resistant strains.

OBJECTIVES To study the susceptibility of Campylobacter hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis to several antimicrobial agents and to investigate the mechanisms of nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance. METHODS The disc diffusion method was employed to study the susceptibility of 49 C. hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis strains of reindeer and bovine origin to 12 different antimicrobial agents. In addition, the MICs of nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin were determined. The nucleotide sequence of a 270 bp fragment of the gyrA gene was determined in ciprofloxacin-susceptible and -resistant strains. The effect of a multidrug efflux pump inhibitor Phe-Arg-beta-naphthylamide (PA beta N) on the MICs of ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid was also studied. RESULTS The only decreased susceptibility for antimicrobial agents of this study was observed for sulphonamide compound and streptomycin (24% and 32% of the strains, respectively), and this phenomenon was observed exclusively in the bovine strains. In sequence studies, a Thr-86-->Ile change was found in strains with MICs of ciprofloxacin of > or = 64 mg/L, but this mutation was absent in strains with lower resistance levels. The use of PA beta N did not affect the MIC of ciprofloxacin but decreased the MIC of nalidixic acid 2-4-fold. CONCLUSIONS The Finnish C. hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis strains are susceptible to a majority of the antimicrobials of veterinary importance. The mechanism of ciprofloxacin resistance at lower levels (< or = 32 mg/L) is not associated with a specific mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyrA gene. Finally, there are distinct differences in the mechanisms of ciprofloxacin resistance compared with nalidixic acid resistance within the studied species.
The LIMSI ARISE system for train travel information

In the context of the LE-3 ARISE (Automatic Railway Information Systems for Europe) project we have been developing a dialog system for vocal access to rail travel information. The system provides schedule information for the main French intercity connections, as well as, simulated fares and reservations, reductions and services. The goal is to obtain high dialog success rates with a very open dialog structure, where the user is free to ask any question or to provide any information at any point in time. In order to improve the performance with such an open dialog strategy, we make use of implicit confirmation using the callers wording (when possible), and change to a more constrained dialog level, when the dialog is not going well. In addition to own assessment, the prototype system undergoes periodic user evaluations carried out by the our partners at the French Railways.
Assessing Test Data Adequacy through Program Inference

ELAINE J. WEYUKER Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences Despite the almost universal reliance on testing as the means of locating software errors and its long history of use, few criteria have been proposed for deciding when software has been thoroughly tested. As a basis for the development of usable notions of test data adequacy, an abstract definition is proposed and examined, and approximations to this definition are considered. Categories and Subject Descriptors: D.2. 5 [Software Engineering]: Testing and Debugging. F.3. 1 [Logics and Meanings of Programs]: Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs; 1.2. 2 [Artificial Intelligence]: Automatic
Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, properties, toxicology, applications and perspectives

In recent years the outbreak of re-emerging and emerging infectious diseases has been a significant burden on global economies and public health. The growth of population and urbanization along with poor water supply and environmental hygiene are the main reasons for the increase in outbreak of infectious pathogens. Transmission of infectious pathogens to the community has caused outbreaks of diseases such as influenza (A/H5N1), diarrhea (Escherichia coli), cholera (Vibrio cholera), etc throughout the world. The comprehensive treatments of environments containing infectious pathogens using advanced disinfectant nanomaterials have been proposed for prevention of the outbreaks. Among these nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) with unique properties of high antimicrobial activity have attracted much interest from scientists and technologists to develop nanosilver-based disinfectant products. This article aims to review the synthesis routes and antimicrobial effects of Ag-NPs against various pathogens including bacteria, fungi and virus. Toxicology considerations of Ag-NPs to humans and ecology are discussed in detail. Some current applications of Ag-NPs in water-, air- and surface- disinfection are described. Finally, future prospects of Ag-NPs for treatment and prevention of currently emerging infections are discussed.
Active Vibration Control of a CMOS-MEMS Nano-Newton Capacitive Force Sensor for Bio Application Using PZT

This paper reports the design of an optimal controller to prevent suppressvertical vibration due to undesired out of plane excitations generated by environment or gripper during manipulation for a CMOS-MEMS Nano-Newton capacitive force sensor applied for biomedical applications. Undesired out of plane excitations generated by environment or gripper during manipulation is the most prevalent source of vertical vibration in this type of sensors. To suppress the vibrational movement a PZT 5A is used as actuation mechanism. Discrete element method DEM model and Modal analysis were used to find dominant natural frequencies and mode shape vectors. To eliminate out of plane excitation an optimal linear quadratic regulator is proposed using By State-Space formulation. Simulation results illustrate that by employing optimum LQR control approach the maximum disturbance input is suppressed less than 0.7 sec with acceptable range of control voltage amplitude.
Casual Creators

Many creativity tools exist to support task-focused creativity, but in recent years we have seen a ﬂourish-ing of autotelic creativity tools, which privilege the enjoyable experience of explorative creativity over task-completion. Because these tools are much smaller in scope, less commercially signiﬁcant, and less ”serious” than their larger siblings, they have been overlooked in academic research. This paper coins the term ”Casual Creators” for these tools, and provide a deﬁnition to identify tools that belong to this category. We also identify the particular design considerations that arise from autotelic creativity, and propose a number of strong de-sign patterns that serve those considerations, patterns which are demonstrated by case studies of software built with those patterns. We believe that once this ﬁeld is identiﬁed and named, the currently-isolated practitioners who make these casual creators will be able to share knowledge, like these design patterns, and develop a community of practice.
Microstructural Abnormalities Were Found in Brain Gray Matter from Patients with Chronic Myofascial Pain

Myofascial pain, presented as myofascial trigger points (MTrPs)-related pain, is a common, chronic disease involving skeletal muscle, but its underlying mechanisms have been poorly understood. Previous studies have revealed that chronic pain can induce microstructural abnormalities in the cerebral gray matter. However, it remains unclear whether the brain gray matters of patients with chronic MTrPs-related pain undergo alteration. In this study, we employed the Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) technique, which is particularly sensitive to brain microstructural perturbation, to monitor the MTrPs-related microstructural alterations in brain gray matter of patients with chronic pain. Our results revealed that, in comparison with the healthy controls, patients with chronic myofascial pain exhibited microstructural abnormalities in the cerebral gray matter and these lesions were mainly distributed in the limbic system and the brain areas involved in the pain matrix. In addition, we showed that microstructural abnormalities in the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) had a significant negative correlation with the course of disease and pain intensity. The results of this study demonstrated for the first time that there are microstructural abnormalities in the brain gray matter of patients with MTrPs-related chronic pain. Our findings may provide new insights into the future development of appropriate therapeutic strategies to this disease.
Ultrasonic monitoring of recrystallization: An example of in-situ process control with NDE

Technology development in materials science, electrical engineering, NDE, mechanical engineering, and computer science, makes it possible to produce advanced materials of designed microstructure and properties. A control model for materials processing with NDE technology was proposed and a prototype of the high temperature EMAT measurement system was built. The example studied is the ultrasonic monitoring of recrystallization in 5XXX aluminum alloys. There are two distinguished textures in aluminum alloys, i.e., recrystallization texture and rolling texture. These two textures change in opposite directions during the hot rolling process: the rolling process will produce rolling texture, while the annealing process produces recrystallization texture. The control goal of the hot rolling process is to produce predefined texture and microstructure. Texture information is inferred from ultrasonic velocity measurements and the microstructure information is inferred from ultrasonic attenuation measurements. Several models in interdisciplinary fields are proposed and preliminary verification experimental results were presented. A pattern recognition technique was introduced to process OIM raw data, which results in a new algorithm to extract texture information. A new model was proposed to model the texture evolution during annealing. Several pieces of computer software were developed to process experimental data and to implement the models proposed.
Space efficient system for whole‐body exposure of unrestrained rats to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields

The aim of this study was to design, implement and analyze a space‐efficient setup for the whole‐body exposure of unrestrained Wistar rats to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields at 900 MHz. The setup was used for 2 years in a cocarcinogenesis study and part of it for 5 weeks in a central nervous system (CNS) study. Up to 216 rats could be placed in separate cages in nine different exposure chambers on three racks requiring only 9 m2 of floor area (24 rats per m2). Chambers were radial transmission lines (RTL), where the rats could freely move in their cages where food and drinking water was provided ad libitum except during RF exposure periods. Dosimetrical analysis was based on FDTD computations with heterogeneous rat models and was validated with calorimetrical measurements carried out with homogeneous phantoms. The estimated whole‐body average specific absorption rates (SAR) of rats were 0 (sham), 0.4, and 1.3 W/kg in the cocarcinogenesis study and 0 (sham), 0.27, and 2.7 W/kg in the CNS study with an estimated uncertainty of 3 dB (K = 2). The instantaneous and lifetime variations of whole‐body average SAR due to the movement of rats were estimated to be 2.3 and 1.3 dB (K = 1), respectively. Bioelectromagnetics 30:120–128, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HAMLET Interacts with Lipid Membranes and Perturbs Their Structure and Integrity

Background Cell membrane interactions rely on lipid bilayer constituents and molecules inserted within the membrane, including specific receptors. HAMLET (human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) is a tumoricidal complex of partially unfolded α-lactalbumin (HLA) and oleic acid that is internalized by tumor cells, suggesting that interactions with the phospholipid bilayer and/or specific receptors may be essential for the tumoricidal effect. This study examined whether HAMLET interacts with artificial membranes and alters membrane structure. Methodology/Principal Findings We show by surface plasmon resonance that HAMLET binds with high affinity to surface adherent, unilamellar vesicles of lipids with varying acyl chain composition and net charge. Fluorescence imaging revealed that HAMLET accumulates in membranes of vesicles and perturbs their structure, resulting in increased membrane fluidity. Furthermore, HAMLET disrupted membrane integrity at neutral pH and physiological conditions, as shown by fluorophore leakage experiments. These effects did not occur with either native HLA or a constitutively unfolded Cys-Ala HLA mutant (rHLAall-Ala). HAMLET also bound to plasma membrane vesicles formed from intact tumor cells, with accumulation in certain membrane areas, but the complex was not internalized by these vesicles or by the synthetic membrane vesicles. Conclusions/Significance The results illustrate the difference in membrane affinity between the fatty acid bound and fatty acid free forms of partially unfolded HLA and suggest that HAMLET engages membranes by a mechanism requiring both the protein and the fatty acid. Furthermore, HAMLET binding alters the morphology of the membrane and compromises its integrity, suggesting that membrane perturbation could be an initial step in inducing cell death.
Solid phase equilibria in the Au-Ga-As, Au-Ga-Sb, Au-In-As, and Au-In-Sb ternaries

The Au-Ga-As, Au-Ga-Sb, Au-In-As, and Au-In-Sb ternaries were surveyed using x-ray powder diffraction to determine which metallic phases exist at equilibrium with the III-V compound semiconductors. In closed, small-volume systems (i.e., formation of gas-phase products was prevented), Au does not react with GaAs but does react with the other III-V’s investigated to produce Au-group III intermetallic compounds and another solid phase containing the group V element. However, each semiconductor formed pseudobinary systems with at least two different intermetallic compounds. The bulk phase diagrams determined in this study provide frameworks within which much of the experimental data in the literature concerning the products of reactions at Au/III-V interfaces can be understood.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: the proportion of chronic hepatitis B patients with normal alanine transaminase ≤40 IU/L and significant hepatic fibrosis

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) may lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and premature death. Elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) levels ≥ the upper limit of normal (ULN) are a major determinant for initiating anti‐viral therapy; however, ALT levels alone may not be predictive of hepatic fibrosis.
Low-energy ion beamline scattering apparatus for surface science investigations

We report on the design, construction, and performance of a high current (monolayers/s), mass-filtered ion beamline system for surface scattering studies using inert and reactive species at collision energies below 1500 eV. The system combines a high-density inductively coupled plasma ion source, high-voltage floating beam transport line with magnet mass-filter and neutral stripping, decelerator, and broad based detection capabilities (ions and neutrals in both mass and energy) for products leaving the target surface. The entire system was designed from the ground up to be a robust platform to study ion-surface interactions from a more global perspective, i.e., high fluxes (>100 µA/cm2) of a single ion species at low, tunable energy (50–1400±5 eV full width half maximum) can be delivered to a grounded target under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The high current at low energy problem is solved using an accel-decel transport scheme where ions are created at the desired collision energy in the plasma source, extracted and accelerated to high transport energy (20 keV to fight space charge repulsion), and then decelerated back down to their original creation potential right before impacting the grounded target. Scattered species and those originating from the surface are directly analyzed in energy and mass using a triply pumped, hybrid detector composed of an electron impact ionizer, hemispherical electrostatic sector, and rf/dc quadrupole in series. With such a system, the collision kinematics, charge exchange, and chemistry occurring on the target surface can be separated by fully analyzing the scattered product flux. Key design aspects of the plasma source, beamline, and detection system are emphasized here to highlight how to work around physical limitations associated with high beam flux at low energy, pumping requirements, beam focusing, and scattered product analysis. Operational details of the beamline are discussed from the perspective of available beam current, mass resolution, projectile energy spread, and energy tunability. As well, performance of the overall system is demonstrated through three proof-of-concept examples: (1) elastic binary collisions at low energy, (2) core-level charge exchange reactions involving 20Ne+ with Mg/Al/Si/P targets, and (3) reactive scattering of CF 2 + /CF 3 + off Si. These studies clearly demonstrate why low, tunable incident energy, as well as mass and energy filtering of products leaving the target surface is advantageous and often essential for studies of inelastic energy losses, hard-collision charge exchange, and chemical reactions that occur during ion-surface scattering.
Controller Agent for distributed C2 organization

Controller Agent is key component to build the test-bed for command and control (C2) organization, and its duty is to hold operation of the whole organization. The Controller agent acts as a decision-maker (DM) and is capable of flexible autonomous actions in this environment in order to meet its design objectives. In this paper, we advanced architecture of controller agent embedded in test-bed for C2 organization. Within the architecture, there exist three kinds of operation: Environment Sensing, Planning / scheduling and Information Communication. Each of the three operations is one of the charges of controller agent‥