Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Kind of Speech Styles in Allan Plenderleith’s “The Bunker (2017)” Movie

This research aimed to find out the kind of speech styles in “The Bunker (2017)” directed by Allan Plenderleith. This research used descriptive method according to Martin Joos’ theory. The data were taken from The Bunker (2017) movie. The data were analyzed by watching the movie as much as possible and trying to understand all of the conversations occur in the movie. All the subtitles in the movie will be transcribed, so that they become movie scripts. Then, the writers categorized several dialogues in the movie that showed the kind of speech styles in The Bunker (2017) and the kind of speech styles appears between the two main characters, John and Margaret. The results of the research showed that the kind of speech styles in The Bunker (2017) among others is: an intimate style, a casual or an informal style, a consultative style, and a formal style. An intimate style is the style that always used between the main characters, because they are a mother and her son.
Intercomparison Study of the Impact of Climate Change on Renewable Energy Indicators on the Mediterranean Islands

The enhanced vulnerability of insular regions to climate change has been recently recognized by the European Union, which highlights the importance of undertaking adaptation and mitigation strategies according to the specific singularities of the islands. In general, islands are highly dependent on energy imports which, in turn, feature a marked seasonal demand. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in these regions can therefore fulfill a twofold objective: (i) to increase the renewable energy share for global decarbonization and (ii) to reduce the external energy dependence for isolated (or interconnected) systems in which this can only be achieved with an increase of the renewable energy share. However, the increase in renewable technologies makes energy generation more dependent on future climate and its variability. The main aim of this study is to analyze future projections of wind and photovoltaic potential, as well as energy productivity droughts, on the main Euro-Mediterranean islands. Due to the limitations in land surface available in the islands for the installation of renewable energy capacity, the analysis is extended to offshore wind and photovoltaic energy, which may have an important role in the future increases of renewable energy share. To that end, we use climate variables from a series of simulations derived from Euro-CORDEX (Coordinated Downscaling Experiment) simulations for the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios. A special effort is performed to normalize projected changes and the associated uncertainties. The obtained normalized changes make it easier the intercomparison between the results obtained in the different islands and constitute condensed and valuable information that aims to facilitate climate-related policy decision making for decarbonization and Blue Growth in the islands.
A comparative analysis of physiological and functional effectiveness of speech and music perception among musicians and non-musicians

The purpose of the study is to compare at the physiological and functional levels, the effectiveness of speech and music perception among musicians and non-musicians. The study was conducted in 2018 in Ningbo University in Zhejiang Province (China) on 235 students aged 20-21. The results showed that in the experimental group, when perceiving music, symmetrical hemisphere interaction parameters dominate (p ≤ 0.05), in both groups, right-hand parameters dominate in speech perception. The third group showed a difference in the depth of decrease in the amplitude of the alpha rhythm with respect to the resting state (p ≤ 0.03) in the low-frequency range when listening to a fragment of Slavic folklore. The interaction of the cerebral hemispheres determines a high result in the processing of music. The latter manifested itself when listening to Slavic music: the width of the alpha-1 range is wider when listening in comparison with the state of rest.
Two phenological variants of Terminalia alata coexist in a dry dipterocarp forest

Two morphological variants of Terminalia alata (Combretaceae) differed in leaf flushing phenology and spatial distribution in a Cambodian deciduous forest. The hairy-type trees displayed leaf exchange behavior in the middle of the dry season. The glabrous type flushed new leaves 3 months after the wet season started. The leafless period of the hairy type was estimated to be <1 month, whereas that of the glabrous type lasted more than 5 months. The landscape-scale leaf exchange behavior was similar to that of the hairy type. The two types showed clear spatial separation. The hairy type was limited to flat areas with deep soils. The dominance of the glabrous type in hilly areas with shallow soils suggests that it is adapted to water-limited environments. The abundance of the glabrous type in hilly areas and its unique leaf phenology probably influence the carbon, energy and water balance at the landscape level.
Postemergence Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays) with Nicosulfuron Combinations

Field studies were conducted at Carbondale and Belleville, IL to evaluate weed control in corn with a total POST herbicide program. Nicosulfuron was applied at 24 and 35 g/ha alone and in combination with 2,4-D, dicamba, bromoxynil, bentazon, atrazine, and bentazon, bromoxynil, and dicamba plus atrazine. Nicosulfuron controlled 98 to 100% of giant foxtail both years at both locations. Control of giant foxtail was reduced when nicosulfuron at 24 g/ha was applied as a tank-mix with atrazine, and with bentazon, bromoxynil, or dicamba plus atrazine at Belleville in 1991. Also, bentazon plus atrazine with nicosulfuron at 35 g/ha reduced control of giant foxtail. Control of common lambsquarters, jimsonweed, and velvetleaf was dependent on nicosulfuron rate, companion herbicide, and growing conditions. Nicosulfuron alone or as a tank-mix with the companion herbicides controlled redroot pigweed 100% at both sites both years but control of yellow nutsedge was less than 50%. Corn yield was related to level of weed control obtained in most instances.
Effect of cooking locally available common bean (Obwelu) on iron and zinc retention, and pumpkin (Sweet cream) on provitamin A carotenoid retention in rural Uganda

Abstract Pumpkin is a potential rich source of vitamin A precursors called provitamin A carotenoids (PVACs), while common bean is a potential rich source of iron and zinc. This study evaluated the effect of cooking locally available pumpkin, Sweet cream (Cucurbita moschata) on PVACs retention in Uganda. Furthermore, the effect of cooking locally available common bean, Obwelu (Phaseolus vulgaris) on iron and zinc retention was evaluated. Expert caregivers from the local community cooked pumpkin by either boiling or steaming, while common bean was cooked by either boiling with prior soaking or boiling without prior soaking. PVACs in raw and cooked pumpkin were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while iron and zinc in raw and cooked common bean were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Conversion of PVACs into vitamin A retinol activity equivalents (RAE) was calculated using the Institute of Medicine (2001) recommendations for the bioconversion of PVACs into vitamin A. Micronutrient retention was measured using true retention. β‐carotene, α‐carotene, and vitamin A content in raw pumpkin was 1,704 µg/100 g, 46 µg/100 g and 1,437 µgRAE/100 g, respectively. Either boiling or steaming pumpkin resulted in over 100% retention of PVACs and vitamin A. Iron and zinc retention for boiled common bean with prior soaking was 92.2% and 91.3%, respectively. Boiling common bean without prior soaking resulted in 88.4% and 75.6% retention of iron and zinc, respectively. In conclusion, to retain a high proportion of PVACs caregivers should be advised to cook Sweet cream by either boiling or steaming, while to retain a high proportion of iron and zinc, Obwelu should be prepared by boiling with prior soaking.
Divergent selection for fat index in Pannon Ka rabbits: genetic parameters, selection response

The objective of this study was to estimate the response to selection for total body fat content of rabbits measured by computer tomography (CT). A divergent selection experiment was performed using Pannon Ka rabbits, which were previously selected for number of kits born alive. The so-called zero generation consisted of 351 Pannon Ka rabbits, from which the index, total body fat volume (cm3) divided by the body weight (kg), was measured. Rabbits with low and high fat index values were selected to form the parent groups of the lean and fat lines, respectively. The lines consisted of 55-72 females and 35-47 males, depending on the line and generation. After three generations, the rabbits were evaluated by means of a single trait animal model. The fat index showed a moderate heritability estimate (0.28±0.03). The magnitude of the common litter effect was small (0.10±0.02). The breeding values averaged per generation provided slightly asymmetrical responses. Based on the results, the divergent selection was successful in confirming that CT is a very suitable method for performing selection for body composition traits.
Effect of tropical plant foliage on the control of methane production and in vitro ruminal protozoa population

In order to evaluate the effect of tropical plant foliage on the control of methane production and protozoa population, an experiment under in vitro conditions was carried out, where the foliage of 12 trees was used and compared to the control of Star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis). Plants evaluated were: Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Samanea saman, Albizia lebbeck, Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera, Pithecellobium dulce, Cordia alba, Guazuma ulmifolia, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Tithonia diversifolia plant material (pm) 10 and Tithonia diversifolia pm 23. Methane production and protozoa population were determined. Regarding the ability of producing methane, plants were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) plants able to reduce, at a great extent, methane production in the rumen, (3) group integrated by Enterolobium cyclocarpum, and (4) plants that can be used for reducing the ruminal methanogenesis, but at a low extent. All plants reduced the protozoa population and its populations were: 4.5; 3.7; 4.5; 4.6; 4.6; 4.5; 4, 4,6; 6; 6; 5; 6 and 9 x 106 cells.mL-1 for S. saman, A lebbeck, T. diversifolia pm 23, C. alba, L. leucocephala, P. dulce, M. oleifera, G. sepium, G. ulmifolia, T. diversifolia pm 10, E. cyclocarpum and C. nlemfuensis, respectively. It can be concluded that the evaluated plants can be used in the animal diet for reducing methane production and ruminal protozoa population. Key words: fermentation, rumen, trees, secondary metabolites
Another New Lygodium-Boring Species of the Musotimine Genus Siamusotima (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) from China

Abstract. Siamusotima disrupta Solis, n. sp. , is a stem-boring musotimine from China. It was discovered in the stems of several Lygodium Sw. species (Lygodiaceae) during exploration for biological control agents of Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. , the Old World climbing fern. This is the second report of a stem-boring pyraloid larva with a unique, cup-like modification of the anal segment. The larval morphology of S. disrupta is compared with that of the previously described S. aranea Solis and Yen. Observations on life history are presented; the adult has not been captured in the wild.
Relationship of in vitro and in planta screening: improving the selection process for biological control agents against Fusarium root rot in row crops

Abstract Fusarium root rot in row crops is typically managed by cultural practices and fungicide seed treatments. Biological control using microbial agents is another option but needs further development for improved disease management. Screening to identify biocontrol agents are crucial. However, relationships among the steps and how to improve the screening process are unresolved questions. Strains of Burkholderia (4), Bacillus (5) and Trichoderma (26) were studied in vitro against six Fusarium pathogens. All the bacteria and five selected Trichoderma strains were tested in planta in the greenhouse against diseases of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium oxysporum. Burkholderia ambifaria C628, Bacillus simplex R180, and all Trichoderma isolates showed high reduction in disease levels in corn, soybean and wheat, ranging from 16 to 63%. Responses of the biocontrol agents during in vitro and in planta screening did not always correlate. In vitro and in planta tests should be considered independently in selecting biocontrol candidates.
Homing and platform responses to entry: Historical evidence from the U.S. newspaper industry

Funding information Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Abstract Research summary: We examine how heterogeneity in customers' tendencies to single-home or multi-home affects a platform's competitive responses to new entrants in the market. We first develop a formal model to generate predictions about how a platform will respond. We then empirically test it, leveraging a historical setting: TV station entry into local U.S. newspaper markets from 1945 to 1963. A notable feature of this setting is a quasi-natural experiment: the staggered geographic and temporal rollout of TV stations that was temporarily halted during the Korean War. We find that platform firms indeed take their customers' homing tendencies into account in their responses to competition: after a TV station enters the newspaper market, newspaper firms with more singlehoming consumers had lower subscription prices, circulations, and advertising rates. Managerial summary: The theoretical and empirical results in our paper suggest that platform firms operating in multi-sided market settings need to consider their customers' single-homing and multi-homing tendencies. Heterogeneity in these tendencies is an important demand-side factor to consider when formulating responses to a competitor's entry. Received: 23 December 2018 Revised: 31 August 2020 Accepted: 11 September 2020
Retrograde Transport and ATG-4.2-Mediated Maturation Cooperate to Remove Autophagosomes from the Synapse

Autophagy is spatially compartmentalized in neurons, with autophagosome biogenesis occurring in the axon and degradation in the cell body. The mechanisms that coordinate autophagosome formation, trafficking and degradation across the polarized structure of the neuron are not well understood. Here we use genetic screens and in vivo imaging in single neurons of C. elegans to demonstrate that specific steps of autophagy are differentially required in distinct subcellular compartments of the neuron. We demonstrate that completion of autophagosome biogenesis and closure at the synapse are necessary for dynein-mediated retrograde transport. We uncover a role for UNC-16/JIP3/Sunday Driver in facilitating autophagosome retrograde transport. Through forward genetic screens we then determine that autophagosome maturation and degradation in the cell body depend on removal of LGG-1/Atg8/GABARAP from autophagosomes by the protease ATG-4.2. Our studies reveal that regulation of distinct ATG4 proteases contributes to the coordination of autophagy across subcellular regions of the neuron. HIGHLIGHTS and eTOC Blurb Autophagosome closure, but not maturation, occurs locally at presynaptic sites Retrograde transport of autophagosomes requires the motor adaptor UNC-16/JIP3 The autophagy protease ATG-4.2, but not the related ATG-4.1, is required for autophagosome maturation and degradation Defects in retrograde transport and maturation genetically interact and enhance accumulation of autophagosomes in presynaptic regions
Maximizing the effect of visual feedback for pronunciation instruction

Visual feedback, in which learners visually analyze acoustic speech characteristics, has been shown to significantly improve pronunciation, but extant research has varied widely with respect to the target feature, length of the intervention, and type of intervention. This study presents a comparative analysis of three methods of visual feedback for L2 segmental pronunciation instruction. These methods, all focused on training voice onset time for English-speaking learners of Spanish, differed in duration of instruction (i.e., short and long) and the nature of each intervention (i.e., phonemes presented simultaneously or sequentially). Results show that while all forms of visual feedback significantly improve L2 Spanish pronunciation, evidenced by a reduction in voice onset time, the greatest improvement was found following both longer treatments and a sequential approach. Theoretical and pedagogical implications are discussed.
E2Clab: Exploring the Computing Continuum through Repeatable, Replicable and Reproducible Edge-to-Cloud Experiments

Distributed digital infrastructures for computation and analytics are now evolving towards an interconnected ecosystem allowing complex applications to be executed from IoT Edge devices to the HPC Cloud (aka the Computing Continuum, the Digital Continuum, or the Transcontinuum). Understanding end-to-end performance in such a complex continuum is challenging. This breaks down to reconciling many, typically contradicting application requirements and constraints with low-level infrastructure design choices. One important challenge is to accurately reproduce relevant behaviors of a given application workflow and representative settings of the physical infrastructure underlying this complex continuum. In this paper we introduce a rigorous methodology for such a process and validate it through E2Clab. It is the first platform to support the complete analysis cycle of an application on the Computing Continuum: (i) the configuration of the experimental environment, libraries and frameworks; (ii) the mapping between the application parts and machines on the Edge, Fog and Cloud; (iii) the deployment of the application on the infrastructure; (iv) the automated execution; and (v) the gathering of experiment metrics. We illustrate its usage with a real-life application deployed on the Grid’5000 testbed, showing that our framework allows one to understand and improve performance, by correlating it to the parameter settings, the resource usage and the specifics of the underlying infrastructure.
Thioproline Protection of Crops Against Herbicide Toxicity

Thioproline (L-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid) partially protects sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. ‘DK 42Y’] seedlings against the herbicides tridiphane [2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)oxirane] and alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] in controlled environment chambers. Thioproline alone inhibits plant growth at concentrations above 10−5 M. Its phytotoxicity is intermediate between the two herbicide antidotes OTC (L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid) and flurazole [phenylmethyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-5-thiazolecarboxylate]. The two thiazolidine antidotes increased thiol content of excised corn (Zea mays L. ‘DK T 1100’) seedling roots whereas thiol content was decreased by the two herbicides. While thioproline or OTC partially offset tridiphane-induced decreases in thiol content, none of the antidotes effectively circumvented the reduced thiol content resulting from alachlor treatment.
Response of Tropical Cyclone Formation and Intensification Rates to Climate Warming in Idealized Simulations

There is currently no theory for the rate of tropical cyclone (TC) formation given a particular climate, so our understanding of the relationship between TC frequency and large‐scale environmental factors is largely empirical. Here, we explore the sensitivity of TC formation and intensification rates to climate warming in a series of highly idealized cloud‐permitting simulations, in which TCs form spontaneously from a base state of rest on an f‐plane. The simulations reveal a nonmonotonic relationship between the time taken for a TC precursor disturbance (a “seed”) to form and the prescribed sea surface temperature (SST), with moderately long seed emergence times at both ends of the SST range tested (292 and 304 K) and a shorter seed emergence time at the middle value of SST (298 K). Genesis potential indices (GPIs) exhibit a different response to warming: either a monotonic increase if the potential intensity and midtropospheric relative humidity are used or relatively little sensitivity if the saturation deficit is used as the humidity variable. The sensitivity of elapsed time between a TC seed disturbance and TC genesis to surface warming is, however, generally well captured by GPIs, especially those that depend on the saturation deficit. The maximum intensification rate of TCs increases strongly with warming, particularly during the second half of the intensification process. Notably, storms intensify much more rapidly with increasing temperature than is predicted by extant theory based on potential intensity, suggesting that TCs in a warmer climate may intensify even more rapidly than recent studies suggest.
Change in Total Electron Content During the 26 December 2019 Solar Eclipse: Constraints From GNSS Observations and Comparison With SAMI3 Model Results

We report spatiotemporal variation in the total electron content (TEC) in ionosphere caused by the 26 December 2019 annular solar eclipse, seen over most of the Southeast Asia. Sparsely distributed network of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sites located on the continental parts and on islands documented the transhemispheric coellipse changes in the ionospheric electron density. A significant depletion in TEC of ~6–8 TECU (1 TECU = 1 × 1016 electrons m−2) is observed along the path of the eclipse shadow. Simulations using the SAMI3 model are consistent with the observations of TEC depletion. The model also predicted a magnetically conjugate region of marginal increased TEC of ~0.2–0.3 TECU around northern Japan and adjacent Pacific Ocean, which is also consistent with the ground‐based GNSS observations in that region.
Weak relationships of parasite infection with sexual and life‐history traits in wild‐caught Texas field crickets (Gryllus texensis)

Sex differences in immune investment and infection rate are predicted due to the divergent life histories of males and females, where females invest more toward immunity due to the fitness consequences of a reduced lifespan and males allocate less toward immunity due to increased resource investment in traits critical to sexual selection. Consequently, males are expected to fight infection less adeptly, resulting in higher parasite loads relative to females across all taxa. Wild animals rarely face a single parasite within their given environment, yet nearly all studies on sex‐biased infection rates have focused on a single host–parasite relationship. Here, we investigate how simultaneous natural infections of ecto‐ and endosymbionts (i.e. both parasitic and phoretic taxa) correlate with sex biases in host immune response and reproductive investment in a field‐caught cricket, Gryllus texensis. Our comprehensive analysis found no significant sex differences in two measures of immune response (melanization and nodulation), and found no strong evidence of a sex bias in the prevalence or intensity of parasitism by the three most common parasites infecting wild G. texensis field crickets (Eutrombidiidae, gregarines, and nematodes). Two traits related to female fitness, egg number and egg size, showed no relation to parasitic infection; however, males having wider heads and poorer body condition were significantly more infected by eutrombidiid mites, gregarines, and nematodes. Despite frequent predictions of male‐biased parasitism in the literature, our results concur with many other studies indicating that the divergent life histories of males and females alone are not sufficient to explain natural infection rates in wild insects.