Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Harvest Method Influences Color Stability of Longissimus Lumborum Steaks from Bos indicus Cattle

Brazil is a major beef exporter to countries where religious slaughter without stunning is mandatory. Fresh beef color influences consumers’ purchase decisions, and harvest method influences beef quality attributes, such as color, water holding capacity, pH, and lipid oxidation. Beef color is a breed-specific trait, and the excitable temperament of Bos indicus cattle can affect fresh meat color. Nonetheless, the effects of harvest method on color and oxidative stabilities of beef from Bos indicus cattle have not been investigated yet. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the impact of harvest method on color and oxidative stabilities of longissimus lumborum (LL) steaks from Bos indicus beef cattle. The LL muscles (24 h post-mortem) were obtained from 12 Nellore bull carcasses, harvested by either captive bolt stunning (CBP; n = 6) or without stunning (NST; n = 6). The muscles were fabricated into 2.54-cm steaks, aerobically packaged, and stored for 9 d at 4°C in darkness. Myoglobin concentration was analyzed on d 0, whereas pH, instrumental color, lipid oxidation, and water holding capacity were evaluated on d 0, 3, 6, and 9. While CBP and NST steaks exhibited similar (P > 0.05) myoglobin concentration (4.84 mg/g in CBP; 4.84 mg/g in NST), CBP steaks exhibited greater (P < 0.05) surface redness and color stability than their NST counterparts throughout the storage. On the other hand, NST steaks exhibited greater (P < 0.05) pH, yellowness, and water holding capacity than CBP steaks. Overall, the lightness and lipid oxidation were greater (P < 0.05) in NST steaks than their CBP counterparts. These results indicated that harvest method influences surface discoloration and oxidative stability of fresh LL steaks from Bos indicus cattle.
Meat and Muscle BiologyTM Introduction

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of marbling texture on consumer and trained sensory panel ratings of beef strip loin steaks from 3 USDA quality grades. Beef strip loins (n = 117) were selected from 3 quality grades [Top Choice (Modest00 – Moderate100 marbling), Low Choice (Small00 – Small100 marbling), and Select (Slight00 – Slight100 marbling)] to equally represent three different marbling texture groups: fine, medium, and coarse, via visual appraisal. There were no quality grade × texture interactions (P > 0.05) for all of the traits evaluated. Consumers (n = 104) rated all marbling texture groups similar (P > 0.05) for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall liking, as well as rated a similar (P > 0.05) percentage of samples from each marbling texture group acceptable for each palatability trait. Moreover, consumers indicated no preference (P > 0.05) among marbling texture groups for visual desirability or likelihood to purchase. However, trained sensory panelists rated coarse marbled steaks higher (P < 0.05) than fine or medium marbled steaks for both beef flavor intensity and sustained juiciness, as well as higher (P < 0.05) for initial juiciness than medium textured steaks. There were no differences (P > 0.05) among marbling texture groups for Warner-Bratzler shear force, slice shear force, and pressed juice percentage. Low Choice steaks were rated higher (P < 0.05) than Select steaks by consumers for tenderness, flavor liking, and overall liking, but similar (P > 0.05) to Top Choice. Results from this study indicate marbling texture had no impact on consumer evaluations of eating quality and only minimal effects on trained sensory panel palatability ratings and therefore provides no palatability-based evidence for the exclusion of coarse marbled carcasses from current and future branded beef programs.
A Publication of the Association of Management MEASURING THE CONTEXT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS USE

An important research stream in information systems (IS) is predicting and explaining technology acceptance among users. This has been and remains of clear importance to system developers and IS managers, and is therefore of interest to the IS research community. It is known that the context in which a system is used affects the determinants of the user’s acceptance of it. Two new multi-item constructs are developed and validated to measure the extent to which a user is using a system within each of two such contexts: utilitarian, where the system has some useful application, and recreational, where the system is being used for enjoyment. Context definitions were used to create 14 candidate items which were initially refined by a series of pre-study interviews, refined further in a study of four systems, and validated in one applied testing situation. The resulting scales exhibit good psychometric properties reliability and convergent, discriminant and factorial validity, and show a high correlation with self reported context of use. The scales will be of use to researchers working in the area of technology adoption.
A Publication of the Association of Management DIMENSIONS OF DISTRIBUTIVE FAIRNESS RELATED TO IS RESOURCES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH USER SATISFACTION WITH THE IS DEPARTMENT KAILASH JOSHI UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI ,

Distributive fairness plays an important role in the MIS context in determining user attitudes. This paper investigates the different dimensions of distributive fairness, and their impact on the IS quality issues and users’ satisfaction with the IS department. Drawing from prior literature, this paper identifies and empirically validates three dimensions of distributive fairness in the IS context: fairness in resource allocation (RA), fairness in process outcomes (PO), and fairness in information access design (IAD). Results confirm that these dimensions are distinct, and they influence users’ perception of IS quality dimensions and user satisfaction with the IS department (USISD) to different degrees. Especially, PO is found to be the most important factor that influences IS success dimensions. In addition, the results reveal that system quality and service quality directly affect USISD, but information quality influences USISD indirectly through system quality. Overall, the proposed model is found to explain 68% of USISD, which is quite good for behavioral studies. The results also highlight the important role of IS professionals in acting fairly and responsively to user needs as well as endeavoring to build good quality systems to achieve greater USISD.
Lithospheric Deformation and Asthenospheric Flow Associated With the Isabella Anomaly in Southern California

Both laboratory experiments and seismic observations indicate that the solid Earth is composed of strongly anisotropic materials and its dynamics can be better constrained by exploring seismic anisotropy. Due to the limited number and poor depth resolution of currently available seismic anisotropy measurements, tectonic regimes of upper mantle deformations beneath Southern California still remain enigmatic and controversial. Here we present high‐resolution three‐dimensional models of P wave azimuthal and radial anisotropy in the crust and upper mantle beneath Southern California obtained by a joint inversion of local‐seismic and teleseismic P wave data. Our results reveal significant depth‐dependent anisotropy in which fast orientations in the lithospheric mantle closely follow the strike of the San Andreas fault and those in the asthenosphere are characterized as a predominantly circular pattern centered in the robust high‐velocity Isabella anomaly beneath the Great Valley. The Isabella anomaly is possibly a remnant of the fossil Farallon slab and is currently experiencing a tectonic regime of lithospheric downwelling, contributing to the development of a circular asthenospheric flow. High‐velocity anomalies are revealed below 300‐km depth beneath areas surrounding the Great Valley, which may reflect the delaminated lithospheric segments. Different rifting processes may take place beneath the Inner Borderland and the Salton Trough whose developments are possibly related to regional mantle upwelling and lithospheric stretching, respectively.
DYNAMIC MODULUS OF ASPHALT CONCRETE IN TENSION AND TENSION- COMPRESSION AND DISCUSSION

TEST PROCEDURES WERE DEVELOPED TO MEASURE THE DYNAMIC MODULUS OF ASPHALT CONCRETE IN TENSION AND IN TENSION--COMPRESSION. THE PROCEDURES ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE FOR DETERMINING THE DYNAMIC MODULUS AND PHASE LAG IN COMPRESSION. THE ASPHALTIC CONCRETE MIXES STUDIED WERE MADE WITH A DENSE-GRADED AGGREGATE AND TWO ASPHALT CEMENT CONSISTENCIES. IT WAS FOUND THAT BETWEEN DYNAMIC TENSION OR TENSION-COMPRESSION MODULI ON THE ONE HAND AND THOSE OF DYNAMIC COMPRESSION ON THE OTHER, DIFFERENCES ARE INSIGNIFICANT FOR TERMPERATURES OF 40--70 F AND LOADING FREQUENCIES OF 1--16 CPS, WHILE AT 70--100 F AND 1 CPS THE FORMER AVERAGE 1/2--2/3 THOSE OF THE LATTER. DIFFERENCES FOR PHASE LAG TENDED TO BE PRONOUNCED.
Memory analysis for H.264/AVC scalable extension encoder

In this paper, the first overall memory analysis for H.264/AVC scalable extension (SVC) is presented. Since the dependency among layers is a major discrepancy between SVC and H.264/AVC, the hardware design about them is quite different. Therefore, we analyze the memory bandwidth and memory access requirement of different coding flows for SVC. Based on the analysis results, we deduce that the frame-level method enjoys the best performance. With some improvements from previous work and proposal by our observation, the external memory access could be further reduced by at least 53% than initial design. Furthermore, through our analysis, a solution is provided for the trade-off between internal memory storage and external memory bandwidth in hardware design.
CALIOP observations of the transport of ash from the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in April 2010

[1] The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) is an elastic backscatter lidar carried on the CALIPSO satellite. CALIOP observations between 15 and 20 April 2010 of volcanic ash plumes following the eruption of the Icelandic Eyjafjallajokull volcano are reported here. While CALIOP has limited spatial coverage due to nadir-only sampling, ash plumes were observed by CALIOP over a wide region - from the North Atlantic Ocean to eastern Europe - during both day and night. Due to its nadir-only view, however, CALIOP did not sample the densest ash plumes which were observed by passive satellite sensors and ground-based lidar. Lidar depolarization and spectral backscatter signatures are used to discriminate ash layers from clouds. Most ash was observed in thin layers of laminar appearance with thicknesses ranging from 0.4 km to a little more than 1 km and at relatively low altitudes, between 1 and 7 km. Most layers reported here produced strong lidar depolarization, indicating a predominance of ash over sulfate aerosol in the plumes. Estimates of lidar extinction-to-backscatter ratio allow the retrieval of profiles of ash optical properties. Layers were observed with mean optical extinction ranging from 0.03 km−1 to nearly 1 km−1. Combined with an estimate of mass extinction efficiency, mass concentration profiles can also be estimated. These observations of the three-dimensional dispersion of the plume are complementary to observations from passive satellite instruments and ground-based lidars, and can be useful for verification of dispersion models such as those used by the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers.
Cognition

Not every item in a stimulus ensemble equally contributes to the perceived ensemble average. Rather, items with feature values close to the ensemble mean (inlying items) contribute stronger compared to those items whose feature values are further away from the mean (outlying items). This nonuniform weighting process, named robust averaging, has been interpreted as evidence against an optimal integration of sensory information. Here, however, we show that robust averaging naturally emerges from an optimal integration process when sensory encoding is efficiently adapted to the ensemble statistics in the experiment. We demonstrate that such a model can accurately fit several existing datasets showing robust perceptual averaging in discriminating low-level stimulus features such as orientation. Across various feature domains, our model accurately predicts subjects’ decision accuracy and nonuniform weighting profile, and both their dependency on the specific stimulus distribution in the experiments. Our results suggest that the human visual system forms efficient sensory representations on short time-scales to improve overall decision performance.
Do Password Managers Nudge Secure (Random) Passwords?

Passwords are the most popular authentication method due to their simplicity and widespread adoption. However, the prevalence of password reuse undermines its security. A promising strategy to mitigate the risks of password reuse is to use random passwords generated and stored by password managers, yet many users do not use them. Many web browsers have built-in password managers that employ nudges at the time of password creation. These nudges aim to persuade the selection of more secure random passwords; however, little is known about which designs are most effective. We study ( n = 558) the efficacy of nudges used by three popular web browsers: Chrome, Firefox, and Safari. Our results suggest Safari’s nudge implementation is significantly more effective than the others at nudging users to adopt a randomly generated password. We examine factors that may contribute to the adoption of randomly generated passwords, reasons that people adopt a randomly generated password (or not), as well as discuss elements of Safari’s nudge design that may contribute to its success. Our findings can be useful in informing both future password manager nudge designs and interventions to encourage password manager use.
A cross sectional study to find out the magnitude of “at risk” children (showing growth faltering/decline) among under-five population attending anganwadi centres in Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh

Malnutrition is the most widespread condition affecting the health of children. Scarcity of suitable foods, lack of purchasing power of the family as well as traditional beliefs and taboos about what the baby should eat, often lead to an insufficient balanced diet, resulting in malnutrition. Any child is considered “at risk” of malnutrition if he/she was present with any one or more of the factors like, low birth-weight, multiple pregnancies: twins, triplets, birth order of five and above, pregnancy in the mother before the child is 9 months old, recent measles, whooping cough, diarrhoea or other serious illness, history of malnutrition or death in a ABSTRACT
On the spot: using mobile devices for listening and speaking practice on a French language programme

This paper presents and discusses the initial findings of a mobile language learning project undertaken in the context of an undergraduate distance‐learning French language programme at The Open University (UK). The overall objective of the project was to investigate students’ experiences when using their own portable devices for additional listening and speaking practice within a course. Experience data were collected via weekly online questionnaires, recorded oral feedback and email. The use of iPods and MP3 players was quickly adopted by project participants; but whilst the challenge and the authentic aspect of doing activities on the phone appealed to some learners, we conclude that other learners will need to be helped towards recognising the specific value of this type of practice as a stepping stone towards authentic communication. We suggest further areas of investigation and potential applications.
Evaluating the Impacts of Marine Protected Areas on Ecological Processes in Benthic Fisheries: Applying Ecosystem-Based Strategies to Fisheries Management

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly employed worldwide to conserve marine resources. However, information on the role of governance mechanisms, in particular those associated with compliance, in shaping ecological condition inside MPAs at the regional scale remains deficient. An exploratory data analysis was conducted to evaluate links between strategies used to promote compliance with MPA regulations (e.g. incentives and penalties) and indicators of ecological condition, including biomass and density of commercial fish species, fish functional groups and coral cover in 21 MPAs across 13 different countries and territories in the greater Caribbean region. The strategies used to promote compliance with MPA regulations were correlated with indicators of ecological condition. For example, MPAs in which a larger number of incentives and penalties are present in the governance system are associated with higher commercial fish biomass and density as compared to those with fewer penalties and incentives available to promote compliance. Although most MPAs in the greater Caribbean use penalties to enforce compliance, our results suggest incentives may also be an important governance strategy for ensuring efficacy of protected areas in conserving key species. Alternatively, the presence of a high number of penalties and incentives in governance systems may also be indicative of greater state capacity and political will in these MPAs resulting in better managed MPAs. Further research is necessary to evaluate results of the exploratory data analysis presented in this study with a more in depth analysis of the de facto use of the regulations evaluated and their
Detecting hospital-acquired infections Ehrentraut, Claudia

Hospital-acquired infections pose a significant risk to patient health, while their surveillance is an additional workload for hospital staff. Our overall aim is to build a surveillance system that reliably detects all patient records that potentially include hospital-acquired infections. This is to reduce the burden of having the hospital staff manually check patient records. This study focuses on the application of text classification using support vector machines and gradient tree boosting to the problem. Support vector machines and gradient tree boosting have never been applied to the problem of detecting hospital-acquired infections in Swedish patient records, and according to our experiments, they lead to encouraging results. The best result is yielded by gradient tree boosting, at 93.7 percent recall, 79.7 percent precision and 85.7 percent F1 score when using stemming. We can show that simple preprocessing techniques and parameter tuning can lead to high recall (which we aim for in screening patient records) with appropriate precision for this task.
Hierarchy Theorems for Probabilistic Polynomial Time

We show a hierarchy for probabilistic time with one bit of advice, specifically we show that for all real numbers 1 /spl les/ /spl alpha/ /spl les/ /spl beta/, BPTIME(n/sup /spl alpha//)/l /spl sube/ BPTIME(n/sup /spl beta//)/l. This result builds on and improves an earlier hierarchy of Barak using O(log log n) bits of advice. We also show that for any constant d > 0, there is a language L computable on average in BPP but not on average in BPTIME (n/sup d/). We build on Barak's techniques by using a different translation argument and by a careful application of the fact that there is a PSPACE-complete problem L such that worst-case probabilistic algorithms for L take only slightly more time than average-case algorithms.
Jet-Topography Interactions Affect Energy Pathways to the Deep Southern Ocean

AbstractIn the Southern Ocean, strong eastward ocean jets interact with large topographic features, generating eddies that feed back onto the mean flow. Deep-reaching eddies interact with topography, where turbulent dissipation and generation of internal lee waves play an important role in the ocean’s energy budget. However, eddy effects in the deep ocean are difficult to observe and poorly characterized. This study investigates the energy contained in eddies at depth, when an ocean jet encounters topography. This study uses a two-layer ocean model in which an imposed unstable jet encounters a topographic obstacle (either a seamount or a meridional ridge) in a configuration relevant to an Antarctic Circumpolar Current frontal jet. The authors find that the presence of topography increases the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) at depth but that the dominant processes generating this deep EKE depend on the shape and height of the obstacle as well as on the baroclinicity of the jet before it encounters topography. I.
Operational testing of hydrological simulation models

ABSTRACT A hierarchical scheme for the systematic testing of hydrological simulation models is proposed which ties the nature of the test to the difficulty of the modelling task. The testing is referred to as operational, since its aim is merely to assess the performance of a model in situations as close as possible to those in which it is supposed to be used in practice; in other words, to assess its operational adequacy. The measure of the quality of performance is the degree of agreement of the simulation result with observation. Hence, the power of the tests being proposed is rather modest, and even a fully successful result can be seen only as a necessary, rather than a sufficient, condition for model adequacy vis-a-vis the specific modelling objective. The scheme contains no new and original ideas; it is merely an attempt to present an organized methodology based on standard techniques, a methodology that can be viewed as a generalization of the routine split-sample test. Its main aim is to accommod.
The Importance of Knowing Your Project, Program, and Portfolio Management Maturity: PPPMM

The world today depends on projects: almost a third of the world economy is generated through projects [1]. For many organizations, projects ensure their future and allow them to survive and grow. Projects can be seen in the construction of a new factory to launch a new product, the restructuring of a recently acquired company, the development and implementation of a computerized application, and achievement of many other strategic objectives. A thorough analysis of the world scene shows that failures to plan and execute projects properly have serious negative impacts on business results. For example, a study by the Standish Group [2], which has analyzed the efficiency of management of software projects in the U.S. since 1994, shows that the project success rate today in this area is still very low: 37%.
Usability of digital libraries: A study based on the areas of information science and human-computer-interaction

Purpose – The conception, planning and implementation of digital libraries, in any area of knowledge, demand innumerable studies in order to verify and guarantee their adequacy to the users' necessities. Such studies find methodological, conceptual and theoretical support in some areas of knowledge, such as human‐computer‐interaction (HCI) (usability studies, in particular) and information science (IS) (especially studies about users' necessities and behavior in information search and use). This research, therefore, intends to integrate concepts and techniques from these two areas, that is, to analyze the usability of the InfoHab digital library, having as theoretical base the constructivist model of user study proposed by Carol Kuhlthau and the criteria of usability established by Jacob Nielsen.Design/methodology/approach – In order to do so, a qualitative study with six users with different levels of academic formation and experience in the use of recovery systems was developed. Data were collected thro.