Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Cervical Dilatation At Which Women Present In Labor And Subsequent Rate Of Caesarian Section.

BACKGROUND Increasing rate of caesarean section is becoming an epidemic worldwide. This study was conducted to compare rate of caesarean section between women presenting in labor with cervical dilatation less than 4 cm to those with cervical dilatation 4 cm or more. METHODS This study was conducted at Aga Khan Hospital for Women, Karimabad. Women with singleton pregnancy and cephalic presentation at term in spontaneous labour were included. Patients were divided in two groups: early presenters with cervical dilatation less than 4 cm and late presenters with cervical dilatation of 4 cm or more. Primary outcome measured was rate of caesarean section, while secondary outcomes were duration of labour, APGAR score and any neonatal complication. RESULTS Medical records of 442 women were reviewed. Difference in mean age of women presenting early in labour was of 2 years (26.8±4.7 vs 28.4±4.5) which was significant (p-value 0.01). More than two thirds of primiparas presented early (69.0% vs 31%) in labour and early presenters had longer labour (p-value <0.001). 62% of early presenters had artificial rupture of membrane compared to 41% of late presenters and nearly 73% required analgesia (p-value <0.001). Caesarean section rate was 10.5% in early and 1.8% in late presenters that was significant (p-value <0.001). APGAR score of both groups was comparable. CONCLUSIONS Integrated midwifery services and antenatal classes may help in education of labouring women and their understanding of labour process and so that low risk women can be monitored at home and come to hospital in active labour.
Alcoholism and the menstrual cycle

iv This study investigated whether alcohol consumption varies as a function of menstrual cycle, distress symptomatology and global stress in moderately drinking young women at high and low (HR, LR) risk for alcoholism by virtue of family history. Eighty-two normally menstruating women (52 LR and 30 HR) completed several personality inventories and then monitored their alcohol intake, physical and affective distress symptoms and global stress level daily over two consecutive menstrual cycles. Subjects were unaware that their menstrual cycles were being monitored. The findings for personality measures were negative. The results confirmed the presence of increased physical distress symptomatology during the preand menstrual phases but did not show any variation in negative affect or global stress ratings throughout the menstrual cycle. HR subjects were aware that they were at higher risk for alcoholism and they consumed more alcohol. However, alcohol consumption was not related to the menstrual cycle, distress symptoms, or global stress. Subjects reported that they drank most frequently with others for pleasure enhancement and rarely for pain or tensionreduction. Subjects also drank more on weekends than weekdays. These findings suggest that the menstrual cycle does not play an etiological role in the development of alcoholism in women. It would appear that social factors influence alcohol consumption in young healthy nonalcoholic women.
Board Size, Ownership Diffusion, Gender Diversity, Media Exposure, dan Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Indeks SRI-KEHATI yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2017)

This study aims to analyze the effect of board size, ownership diffusion, gender diversity, and media exposure to CSR disclosure. The population in this study is the SRI-KEHATI index company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2013-2017. The total sample obtained using purposive sampling technique is as many as 50 samples, consisting of 10 companies for 5 years. The analysis technique used in this study is panel data regression analysis.The results of the study show that partially, the board size affects the disclosure of corporate social responsibility and results in a negative direction. Meanwhile, ownership diffusion, gender diversity, and media exposure have no effect on disclosure of corporate social responsibility. Keywords: Board Size, Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD), Gender Diversity, Media Exposure, and Ownership Diffusion.
Analysis of Stock Market Efficiency in Emerging Markets: Evidence from BRICS

This study aims at examining the efficiency of stock returns of BRICS markets. Here we consider the daily data from 25th September 1997 to 31st March 2018. This study employs variance ratio tests for linear dependencies and BDSL test for nonlinear dependence. Further, the entire period of study is divided into sub-periods such as pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis periods to understand the level of efficiency in different time periods. The results of variance ratio tests show that Brazil and China markets are weak-form efficient in all time periods while Russia and South Africa are a weak form efficient in the full period, crisis and post-crisis periods but not in pre-crisis period. With regard to Indian stock markets, the markets are found to be weakly efficient during pre-crisis and crisis period while market inefficiency is observed in full period and post-crisis period. However, the results of the nonlinear test show that all the BRICS markets are rejecting the random walk hypothesis due to the nonlinear dependence in all time periods of study.
Implications of Demographic, Religious, and Enrollment Trends for the Footprint of Faith-Based Schools Globally

Faith-based schools play an important role today in the provision of education globally. Are the schools likely to continue to play such a role in the future? If so, where is that role likely to be most prominent? This paper considers these questions on the basis of long-term demographic, religious, and school enrollment trends. The trends suggest that enrollment in faith-based schools will continue to grow rapidly, as has been the case over the last few decades. But there will also be a fundamental shift, with a rising concentration of students in faith-based schools located in Africa. This may have implications given the learning crisis affecting the continent.
Indexing of ground water vulnerability in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh using GIS based agricultural drastic model

Agricultural activities especially application of fertilizers, pesticides and fumigants have been identified as one of the non-point sources of pollutants which leach various pollutants from agricultural land through the unsaturated zone and groundwater zone gives rise to contamination to groundwater and soil, which poses serious detrimental risk in rural areas. To assess the groundwater vulnerability and analyze the risk, research was carried out in Agricultural areas of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh. The GIS-based Agricultural vulnerability indexing method (DRASTIC) is selected in this study, which identifies vulnerability zones and is helpful in formulation of strategies to mitigate adverse impact of factors responsible for ground water pollution. Seven DRASTIC layers using parameters such as groundwater influencing parameters were created. Rates and weights were assigned to each parameter layer. By overlapping the layers in ArcGIS, the aquifer vulnerability map was prepared. By multiplying each parameter rate by its weight and adding for all layers Agricultural DRASTIC index number is determined. The results indicated that the Agricultural vulnerability Index in the study area ranged from 72-196 is determined. The developed maps are validated with nitrate concentrations. Different parameters like EC, pH, Ca, Mg, K Na, and NO3 was estimated and correlated to estimate the degree of association. It was observed from the developed Agricultural vulnerability maps for Guntur District that 10.56% of the study area falls under low vulnerable zone, 39.98% under moderate zone and 49.46% under high vulnerable zone due to agricultural leachates in cropped areas.
Profile of Metabolic Syndrome at CNHU HKM Cotonou

The metabolic syndrome combines morphological, physiological and biochemical abnormalities that evolve over time, predisposing the affected person to atherosclerosis and its complications. The purpose of our work was to determine the clinical and biological profile of metabolic syndrome in patients received for medical examination according to WHO criteria. This was a retrospective study over a 1-year period: from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2018. The information collected was clinical (sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric data, initial blood pressure, cardiovascular history) and biological data (fasting blood glucose level, lipid test). Two thousand six hundred and two patients visited during the study period, including 291 patients (11.18%) for a reason that may evoke the metabolic syndrome but 115 files were retained for this study. The age of the patients was 58.39 ± 10.02 years with extremes ranging from 32 to 81 years old. Metabolic syndrome was found in 77 patients, or 66.9% of patients who had consulted for a reason that might suggest this diagnosis. 44.3% had 3 criteria for definition; 19.1% had 4 criteria and 3.5% had 5 criteria. All patients have benefited a mono, bi or antihypertensive therapy associated with antidiabetic or hypolipemic treatment. Metabolic syndrome better predicts cardiovascular risk than analysis of individual risk factors. Its prevention involves diet which must be hyposodium, hypolipidic, without fast sugar and daily physical activities.
Understanding Social Media Use and Engagement Among Dermatology Patients to Inform Dermatological Prevention and Care in Vietnam: Cross-sectional Study

Social media has emerged as a common source of dermatological information. Monitoring the patterns of social media use and engagement is important to counteract the limitations of social media. However, evidence in Vietnamese dermatology patients is lacking. This study aimed to explore social media use and engagement by dermatology patients and to identify factors associated with social media use and engagement. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 519 participants at the Vietnam National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology during September to November 2018. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, social media use, and social media engagement were collected. Multivariate logistic and tobit regression models were used to identify factors associated with social media use and engagement. Interest in information about “cosmetic, beauty, and skincare techniques” was the greatest (184/519, 46.2%). The mean engagement score was 8.4 points (SD 2.4 points). Female patients were more likely to use social media (odds ratio [OR] 2.23, 95% CI 1.23-4.06) and be interested dermatological information on social media (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.35-7.09). Women also had higher social media engagement scores (coefficient=0.68, 95% CI 0.17-1.18). Higher social media engagement scores were related with Instagram use (coefficient=0.58, 95% CI 0.00-1.15) and higher credibility scores for “family members” (coefficient=0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.26) and “dermatology companies” (coefficient=0.22, 95% CI 0.04-0.39). This study discovered high social media usage among dermatology patients. However, only moderate utilization and credibility levels were reported regarding the use of social media as a source of dermatological information. More efforts should focus on involving dermatologists in the development of individualized information on social media targeting specific groups of dermatology patients.
Predicting the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams using Artificial Neural Networks

In this research study, the artificial neural networks approach is used to estimate the ultimate shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams with transverse reinforcement. More specifically, surrogate approaches, such as artificial neural network models, have been examined for predicting the shear capacity of concrete beams, based on experimental test results available in the pertinent literature. The comparison of the predicted values with the corresponding experimental ones, as well as with available formulas from previous research studies or code provisions highlight the ability of artificial neural networks to evaluate the shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams in a trustworthy and effective manner. Furthermore, for the first time, the (quantitative) values of weights for the proposed neural network model, are provided, so that the proposed model can be readily implemented in a spreadsheet and accessible to everyone interested in the procedure of simulation.
Intergenerational inequalities in mortality-adjusted disposable incomes

This article analyses the development of inequalities between the generations in France using a composite indicator including income and life expectancy. Mortalityadjusted disposable income has greatly increased over the generations. However, a breakdown by sex shows that this increasing trend is attributable to rapid growth in women’s income, while men’s income has stagnated for all cohorts born since 1946.
Singular optimal control problems with recursive utilities of mean‐field type

In this paper a second‐order necessary condition for singular optimal controls with recursive utilities of mean‐field control systems is investigated. For our mean‐field singular control problem, the second‐order adjoint system is not a single mean‐field backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE), but a matrix‐valued system, which consists of three classical BSDEs. Based on this observation, a new second‐order expansion of cost functional Yε is proved and also the stochastic maximum principle. Our method is appropriate for a large class of mean‐field singular optimal control problems.
Recent Advancements in the Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method for Determining Residual Stresses

The hole-drilling Strain-Gage method is a widely used and cost-effective technique for the evaluation of residual stresses. The test method is standardized by ASTM E837-13a, which defines the scope, measurement range, minimum requirements of instrumentation, test procedure, and algorithms and coefficients for the computation of uniform and non-uniform stress distribution. However, the standardized test method presents some limitations regarding the scope and measurement range; moreover, some typical errors involved in the measurements are not taken into account, i.e., errors due to the hole eccentricity, the local plasticity, the intermediate thickness, and the hole-bottom chamfer, which can affect the results in some cases. Also, the standard does not provide the user with a complete guide regarding the evaluation of the uncertainty connected with this type of measurement. The paper presents a more general approach that allows the correction of some errors and overcomes and some limitations of the ASTM E837-13a test method, contributing to greater accuracy of the test results.
PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ SELF-REGULATED LEARNING STRATEGY, MOTIVATION, AND REVISION BEHAVIORS IN EFL ACADEMIC WRITING

The present study explored pre-service teachers’ self-regulated learning strategy and motivation in EFL academic writing. A further aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between their self-regulated learning strategy and motivation as well as to explore the revision behaviors in English academic writing. A questionnaire was administered to 56 pre-service teachers (PST) majoring English language education. The questionnaire covered 16 items of questions regarding self-regulated learning strategy comprising environmental process, behavioral process, and personal process, as well as motivation. PSTs’ revisions of academic writing were also assessed using writing revision categories to identify their revision behaviors. Descriptive analyses indicated that participants were moderate to high in their self-regulated learning strategy and motivation toward their writing activities. Furthermore, the result showed that despite the fact that self-regulated learning strategy in the aspect of environmental strategy and personal strategy did not significantly correlate with motivation, behavioral strategy significantly correlated with motivation. In addition to this, among the revision categories, the aspects of organization, citation, mechanics, language use, and references were the most common categories of revisions, while content and format were the least ones. The study might have implication on the PST’s EFL academic writing instruction. Keywords: self-regulated learning strategy, motivation, revision, EFL academic writing
Police officer disability sensitivity training

This paper presents a systematic research review regarding disability sensitivity training programmes provided to police officers. Thirteen databases between 1980 and 2015 were searched. After records were screened, 19 full-text studies were assessed. Three studies met the eligibility criteria. Quality appraisal was undertaken using the McMaster tool. Data were synthesised qualitatively using narrative summaries. Limited evidence for the effectiveness of training programmes in improving knowledge and skills of police officers towards people with disabilities exists. This review highlights the need for custom-designed training with a demonstrated evidence base. Further research should be conducted to develop, implement and evaluate such programmes.
The association of self-reported schoolwork pressure, family factors and self-efficacy with psychosomatic problems

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between self-reported schoolwork pressure and family factors with psychosomatic problems, and to investigate possible moderators of these associations. We examined self-efficacy as a personal resource that may be directly associated with psychosomatic problems, as well as serve as a moderator between stress exposure and psychosomatic problems. Furthermore, we examined sex as a possible moderator. The data were collected in 2010 among 2,004 pupils, aged between 13 and 15 years, in all schools in the municipality of Karlstad, Sweden. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that self-efficacy did not moderate the relationships between any of the school- and family-related factors and psychosomatic problems. However, self-efficacy had a direct effect on psychosomatic problems. Based on the results from the study, we concluded that health promoting and preventive work by the school health team should focus on strengthening pupils’ self-efficacy and target schoolwork pressure. Special attention needs to be given to girls and adolescents living with a single parent or no parents.
Implications of Partial Information for Econometric Modeling of Macroeconomic Systems

Representative models of the macroeconomy (RMs), such as DSGE models, frequently contain unobserved variables. A finite-order VAR representation in the observed variables may not exist, and therefore the impulse responses of the RMs and SVAR models may differ. We demonstrate this divergence often is: (i) not substantial; (ii) reflects the omission of stock variables from the VAR; and (iii) when the RM features I (1) variables can be ameliorated by estimating a latent-variable VECM. We show that DSGE models utilize identifying restrictions stemming from common factor dynamics reflecting statistical, not economic, assumptions. We analyze the use of measurement error, and demonstrate that it may result in unintended consequences, particularly in models featuring I (1) variables.
Correlates of general wellbeing among Bhutanese youths

ABSTRACT There are growing rates of international refugees being displaced worldwide, but there is limited understanding of how new waves of refugee youths are adjusting and adapting upon resettlement. The purpose of this study is to examine the wellbeing of newly resettled Bhutanese refugee youths in the United States. The impact of familial social capital and acculturation identity was assessed. The results indicate that perceived familial social capital quality and the degree of ethnic identification had a significantly positive correlation with general wellbeing.
The Effect of Aromatherapy with Lavender Essential Oil on Anxiety and Stress in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Background: Depression and anxiety are among the most common mental disorders before and after surgery. Aromatherapy is a treatment that has grown substantially in recent years in comparison with other complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) to relieve anxiety. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of inhaling lavender essence on the physiological and psychological status of patients who are candidates for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 60 patients who were undergoing CABG surgery at the hospitals of Artesh Jomhory Eslami (AJA) University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Patients who met specific inclusion criteria were selected and randomly allocated into two groups: a control group that inhaled room air and an experimental group that inhaled from a piece of cotton impregnated with two drops of lavender essence. This intervention was done on the morning of surgery. To evaluate these measures, a Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire was filled out by the patient before and after the intervention. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: After the intervention, the study results showed statistically significant differences between the two study groups in heart rate (mean = 78.83, P = 0.02) and anxiety level (mean = 6.63, P = 0.02). However, the differences between the two groups were not significant regarding stress level (mean = 8.63, P = 0.55) and other physiological variables. Conclusions: Inhalation aromatherapy is an effective method for reducing the heart rate and the level of anxiety in patients before CABG surgery. Given that the physiological and psychological health of patients are important responsibilities for nurses, aromatherapy can be considered a safe and effective relaxation method before invasive interventions. Learning this method is recommended for students and nurses.
Micro‐by‐micro interactions: How microorganisms influence the fate of marine microplastics

Microorganisms drive the biogeochemical cycles that link abiotic and biotic processes in the aqueous environment and are intricately associated with plastic debris. The presence of microplastics in water and sediment introduces new concerns as small particle size allows for increased pathways of microplastics in the food web and element cycles. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge on microbe‐plastic interactions and summarize the potential impact of biogeochemical processes on plastic distribution, cycling, transport, and sedimentation. We explore how microbe‐plastic interactions influence the exposure of consumers to microplastics and plastic degradation products. Key methods used to elucidate biofilm development, microbial biodegradation, and microplastic detection in the aqueous environment are discussed. Finally, we comment on potential future questions and research directions needed to further define the role of microorganisms in the environmental fate of microplastics.