Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on time of anthesis and dehiscence in different genotypes of guava in winter and rainy season crops

The studies relating to pollination and fruit setting conducted on five-year-old, 10 different guava genotypes, namely Bangalore seedling Selections (6/10, 6/12, 17/7), Sardar seedlings Selections (4/10, 4/12, 6/8), Hisar Surkha, Hisar Sufeda, Dharwad and Sardar (control) revealed that variable percentage of anthesis/dehiscence at the same time in different genotypes. Peak period of anthesis and dehiscence from 6.30 to 8.30 AM was observed in all the genotypes during both the seasons. The percentages of flower opening in rainy season were negligible in the morning compared to winter season. Lesser percentage of anthesis during early morning in rainy season over the winter might be due to low temperature required for anthesis during August-September.
Delayed ripening of ‘Bartlett’ pears treated with nitric oxide

Summary Preclimacteric European pears (Pyrus communis L. ‘Bartlett’) were either untreated or treated with 10 μl l–1 nitric oxide (NO) at 20°C for 2 h and then kept at 20°C. Other lots were treated with 0, 10 or 50 μl l–1 NO for 12 h. In pears treated with 10 μl l–1 NO for 2 h the ethylene climacteric was delayed 4 d, maximum ethylene production decreased by 28% and firmness and colour changes had a 2 d delay. An additional treatment with 10 μl l–1 NO after 4 d decreased ethylene production even further (48%). In contrast, pears treated with 50 μl l–1 NO for 12 h displayed a 719-fold increase in ethylene biosynthesis 1 d following treatment. This sharp increase in ethylene emission, characteristic of a stress response, did not accelerate the normal progress of ripening-related events. In fruit treated with 10 and 50 μl l–1 NO for 12 h, yellowing was delayed 2 d in comparison with control fruit while the softening rate was almost unaffected. Thus, different ripening processes are not influenced in the same fashion by NO treatments. Results suggest a time × concentration effect when NO is applied.
Genetic Variability and Character Association in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)

Genetic variability, heritability (h2), genetic advance, character association and path analyses were carried out in 35 accession of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). The observations were recorded on 13 characters. The high phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficience of variation was observed high for yield and fruit weight, while, the lowest phenotypic and genotypic coefficience of variation were observed for number of days to first female flower anthesis followed by number of day to 50% male flower anthesis and number of days to 50% female flower anthesis. High heritability along with high expected genetic advance were recorded for number of days to 50% female tlower anthesis, TSS and number of days to first male tlower anthesis. Yield has positive and significant correlation with fruit weight, fruit diameter, length, flesh thickness and rind thickness at both phenotypic and genotypic level. The fruit weight, fruit diameter, length, flesh thickness and rind thickness had positive correlation coefficient among themselves. Higher and positive direct effect on yield was exerted by fruit diameter followed by number of fruits, fruit weight and rind thickness. Direct selection based on fruit diameter and fruit weight results in an appreciable improvement for total yield. Besides direct selection for fruit yield, indirect selection through the fruit length and number of fruits should be considered for further improvement of yield.
IDENTIFICATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL COMPONENTS OF VITEX SPECIES IN IRAN

حور سابعزيگنا يميظع 1 نك ديفس همطاف ، 2 داز مج ابيز ، ۲ يكيناخ يشخباضرملاغ و 3 1 نشراك يوجشناد رون مايپ هاگشناد دشرا يسا ) نارهت دحاو ( ،عتارم و اهلگنج تاقيقحت هسسؤم وضع و e-mail: rouhangiz_azimi@yahoo.com 2 يملع تأيه ياضعا عتارم و اهلگنج تاقيقحت هسسؤم 3 رون مايپ هاگشناد يملع تأيه وضع هديكچ سنج Vitex هريت زا Lamiaceae و يلامش هركمين يريسمرگ قطانم رد دراد يگدنكارپ يبونج . دودح 250 هنوگ هتخانش نآ زا تسا هدش و شرتسگ ت يدادع زا هنوگ قطانم ات نآ ياه يم همادا زين هلدتعم دباي . يژولوفروم تايصوصخ يسررب لگ ،هقاس ،گرب و وفروموركيم ياهيسررب رانك رد لگ هساك ول كيژ هنوگ راهچ روضح V. agnus-castus ، V. pseudo-negundo ، V. negundo, و V.
Effect of research activity on the success of American robin nests

We investigated researcher effects on the success of American robin (Turdus migratorius) nests from 1993 through 1995 in La Plata County, southwest Colorado. We handled the contents of 56 nests in 1993, 33 nests in 1994, and 20 nests in 1995. In these nests, which we refer to as touched nests, each egg was handled one time, and each chick was handled for about 3 minutes every 1-3 days. We made no attempt to mask our scent, such as with use of rubber gloves. With the use of a mirror on an extension pole, we monitored an additional 14 nests in 1993, 12 nests in 1994, and 21 nests in 1995 that we did not touch. Although we monitored nests that we could not reach, in the analyses we included only nests that we could have touched, ≤3.7 m high. In 1993, a significantly greater proportion of touched nests was successful in fledging at least one robin (57.1%) than untouched nests (21.4%, P < 0.05). Similarly, in 1994, 60.6% of touched nests were successful whereas 8.3% of untouched nests were successful (P < 0.01). In 1995, when we controlled for nest height by touching every other nest that was ≤3.7 m, success between touched and untouched nests was similar (35.0% for touched nests and 23.8% for untouched nests). Our results strongly suggest that monitoring nests and handling eggs and chicks did not affect negatively the success of American robin nests at our study site.
Dissipation and Decontamination of Cypermethrin and Fluvalinate Residues in Okra

Dissipation and decontamination of cypermethrin (50 and 100 g ai ha−1) and fluvalinate (40 and 80 g ai ha−1) have been studied in okra fruits. Initial deposits of 0.274 and 0.382 mg kg−1 of cypermethrin at 50 and 100 g a.i. ha−1 treatments, dissipated to 0.013 and 0.020 mg kg−1 in 15 days after third application with respective half-life values of 3.4 and 3.5 days and waiting periods of 2 and 3 days. Fluvalinate recorded initial deposits of 0.091 and 0.126 mg kg−1, which dissipated below detectable level (<0.005 mg kg−1) in 15 days. The half-life values were 2.5 and 2.3 days. As the initial deposits in both the doses were less than MRL, a safe waiting period of 1.0 day is suggested. Washing of okra fruits with tap water removed cypermethrin residues to the extent of 41.2–48.3% in 0 day samples and 37.1–46.0% in 5th day samples. In case of fluvalinate, the extent of removal was 38.0–44.2% in 0 day and 32.4–41.8% and 5th day samples.
Taxonomic Considerations on the Red-Headed Scale Fungi in Japan

各種のカイガラムシの体表に橙紅色のスポロドキアを形成する菌について,従来分類学的に混乱があり,わが国でもしょうこう病菌,赤虫生菌,桃色虫生菌,赤死病菌,およびFusarium nivale (Aspidioti)の5種が記録されている。 そしてこれら菌種の類別の根拠はスポロドキアの色彩,形状と,大型分生胞子の大きさ,形状とにあった。 著者は21種類のカイガラムシからこの種の菌を31株集め,虫体上に形成されたスポロドキアの色彩,形状,さらに分離した培養基中での大型分生胞子の大きさ,形状などについて調査した。 その結果,F. nivaleと同定された1菌株を除いては,前述の諸点から供試菌株を分類することは不合理であることが判明した。 また従来の報告をあわせて検討した結果,前記和名のつけられた4菌種は1種に統一するのが適当であるとの結論を得た。 さらに著者は2菌株について虫体上に形成された子のう殼を観察し,この菌がNectria属に入ることを確認した。 以上の結果から,これらの菌をNectria episphaeriaに統一することを適当と認め,和名にはしょうこう菌が適切であると考察した。
Motor Neuron-Specific Restoration of SMN in Two SMA Mouse Models: Insights into the Role of Motor Neurons in Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) results from α-motor neuron loss in the spinal cord due to low levels of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein, required for proper spliceosome assembly. The reduced levels of SMN cause muscle atrophy and ultimately death in the most severe cases. Although mouse models of SMA recapitulate many features of the human disease, it is still unclear whether their phenotypes are primarily due to motor neuron deficits. If so, motor neuron-selective restoration of normal SMN levels should have a great positive impact on SMA mice. To test this, we first exogenously raised normal human SMN in severe SMA mice that die perinatally, by driving its expression selectively in motor neurons with an Hb9 promoter. We found no extension of survival. We detected motor neuronal-SMN protein expression in Hb9-SMN transgenic mice from mid embryogenesis to postnatal day 6. However, mRNA for transgenic SMN was undetected by late embryogenesis. These results suggest that expression of Hb9-SMN declines before SMN levels are most needed perinatally. Second, we increased endogenous motor neuronal-SMN expression following embryonic Hb9-dependent Cre recombination of a conditional hybrid mutant allele (Smn res) in another severe SMA mouse model (SMA7-like). Cre recombination irreversibly transforms the Smn res allele to WT. We confirmed that recombination of Smn res occured exclusively in the spinal cord. Yet, unlike a previous study that used choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) as a driver on the same mice, we found no improvement in survival, weight, motor behavior or presynaptic neurofilament iii accumulation. However, like in ChAT Cre+ SMA mice, we detected rescue of endplate size and mitigation of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) denervation status. Real time-PCR showed that the expression of spinal cord SMN transcript was sharply reduced in Hb9 Cre+ SMA mice relative to ChAT Cre+ SMA mice. This suggests that our lack of overall phenotypic improvement was most likely due to an unexpectedly poor recombination efficiency driven by Hb9 Cre. Nonetheless, the low levels of SMN were sufficient to rescue two NMJ structural parameters indicating that these motor neuron cell-autonomous phenotypes are very sensitive to changes in motor neuronal-SMN levels. iv DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated, first of all, to the Families of SMA Organization (fSMA) for their perseverance, devotion, commitment, hard work and, support to all of those afflicted by Spinal Muscular Atrophy and their families; for promoting and supporting basic and translational research to find treatments and ultimately a cure for …
The transcriptomic response to irinotecan in colon carcinoma bearing mice preconditioned by fasting

Background Irinotecan use is limited due to severe toxicity. Preconditioning by fasting (PBF) protects against side effects of irinotecan while preserving its antitumor activity. The mechanisms underlying the effects of PBF still need to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the transcriptional responses of PBF on irinotecan in both tumor and healthy liver tissue. Experimental approach Male BALB/c mice were subcutaneously injected with C26 colon carcinoma cells. Twelve days after tumor inoculation, two groups were fasted for three days and two groups were allowed food ad libitum (AL). Subsequently, both groups received one dose of irinotecan. Twelve hours after administration mice were sacrificed and blood, tumor and liver tissue were harvested. Blood samples were analyzed to determine liver, kidney and bone marrow function, tissues were used for transcriptome analyses. Key results The AL irinotecan group showed worsened organ function and decreased leukocyte numbers. These effects were abated in PBF animals. PBF led to an altered transcriptional response in the liver of irinotecan-treated mice, including decreased cellular injury and increased stress resistance. Hepatic metabolism of irinotecan was also significantly changed due to PBF. The transcriptional response of tumor tissue observed after PBF was hardly affected compared to AL fed animals. Conclusions Transcriptional changes after PBF to irinotecan treatment showed an improved protective stress response in healthy liver but not in tumor tissue, including changes in irinotecan metabolism. These data help to unravel the mechanisms underlying the effects of fasting on irinotecan and help to improve outcome of chemotherapeutic treatment in cancer patients.
TNF-α, TNF Receptors and Their Complex Implications in Therapy

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), also called cachectin or cachexin, is a naturally occurring cytokine produced by activated macrophages and monocytes, and to a smaller scale by Tlymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, fibroblasts and astrocytes. It has both inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles effectuated through its action on tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (TNFR2). TNF-α overexpression (especially of TNFR1 mediated actions) or under expression (especially of TNFR2 mediated actions) may Review Article Churchill et al.; AJI, 4(1): 36-50, 2020; Article no.AJI. 57464 37 contribute to several diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and juvenile inflammatory arthritis. Several anti-TNF therapies are proven to be beneficial in these diseases, including etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab and golimumab. Biological responses of TNF-α include inflammation, apoptosis, immunomodulation, tissue repair, antiviral and antitumor activity and mediation of endotoxin-induced septic shock, recruitment of inflammatory cells including neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes to sites of infection; and cell activation through action on different receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2). Low grade chronic inflammation occurs in several other diseases including atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Researchers have explored whether anti-TNF therapies can be helpful in these diseases too. Both positive and negative effects of anti-TNF therapies have been observed in these diseases. These observations suggest that TNF-α and TNF receptors system have an incredibly complex pathophysiologic role, and hence blockade of this pathway results in complex effects on different organ systems. In this review we have explored the myriad effects on various organ systems due to TNF blockade, including COVID-19.
Taxonomy and systematics of large-sized deer of the genus Praemegaceros PORTIS, 1920 (Cervidae, Mammalia)

A taxonomical and systematic revision of the cervid genus Praemegaceros PORTIS is proposed in the article. The genus Praemegaceros is known from the Pleistocene of Europe, from some Mediterranean islands and from the eastern Mediterranean area. It includes fi ve mainland species and an insular small-sized species. The type species, Praemegaceros dawkinsi, from the Middle Pleistocene of England and Northern France, is a small descent of the larger, Late Villafranchian P. obscurus. Three parallel lineages within the genus Praemegaceros are designated as subgenera: Praemegaceros, Orthogonoceros and Nesoleipoceros. Megaceroides JOLEAUD is suggested as an inappropriate genus name for this group of cervids, because Megaceroides is typifi ed by the strongly specialised, endemic North African species M. algericus
FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION OF ADULT YELLOWFIN TUNA (THUNNUS ALBACARES) AND ITS REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY IN THE INDIAN OCEAN BASED ON JAPANESE TUNA LONGLINE FISHERIES AND SURVEY INFORMATION

Environmental influence on yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) distribution and reproductive ecology was analyzed using long line fisheries and oceanographic data in the Indian Ocean for the period of 1953 – 1997. Data were obtained from National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries and the National Oceanographic Data Center, respectively. Hooking rates, sexual maturity and larval density were compared with thermocline depth and depth-specific data on temperature, salinity, oxygen and nutrients using geographic information system (GIS) application and simple numerical analyses in order to describe their relationships. Results predicted optimum range for every environmental parameter at each respective life stages of yellowfin tuna. It was found out that water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and thermocline depth influenced the distribution of adult yellowfin tuna while, temperature and dissolve oxygen concentration influenced spawning activities. For the larvae, temperature, dissolved oxygen and thermocline depth were also considered important factors. Other environmental parameters studied had more influence on intermediary factors that affects the distribution as well.
Combinative toxicity of copper and zinc on sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus Juvenile

The combinative toxicity of Cu2+ and Zn2+ to the juveniles of the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) was tested by using the method of equitoxic ratio mixing, and the effects of combinative toxicity were evaluated with the Marking’s additive index (AI). The results showed: When the Apostichopus japonicus juveniles were exposed to equitoxic mixture, the median lethal concentrations (LC50) of Cu 2+ at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours to the Apostichopus japonicus juveniles were 0.3517, 0.2833, 0.2495 and 0.2348 mg/L respectively, and LC50 of Zn 2+ were 5.0610, 3.2234, 2.4696 and 2.1635 mg/L, respectively. Thus it proved that Cu2+ had higher toxicity than Zn2+. The AI value of Cu 2+ with Zn2+ at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours to the Apostichopus japonicus juveniles were -0.9315, -1.4990, -1.8342 and -2.0652, respectively. The combinative toxicity of Cu2+ with Zn2+ at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were all antagonistic effects, and antagonism increased with exposure time going.
Isolation of Candida africana in oral candidiasis: First report among cancer patients in Iran

Background and Purpose: Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is a fungal infection of the oral cavity caused by the members of C. albicans complex. Although C. africana, as a part of the complex, is considered to be mostly responsible for the development of vulvovaginal candidiasis, it may be associated with a wider clinical spectrum. Case report: This report described two cases diagnosed with oral candidiasis during the receipt of treatment for malignancies. Conventional and molecular tests were performed on the samples collected from the patients’ oral cavities. The test results revealed C. africana as the causative agent of oral candidiasis. Furthermore, in vitro antifungal susceptibility test indicated the full susceptibility of all C. africana isolates to caspofungin. However, the data were also suggestive of the resistance against fluconazole and amphotericin B. Caspofungin was used as the main antifungal agent for the treatment of oral candidiasis, resulting in the improvement of thrush in patients. The resistance of C. africana to fluconazole and amphotericin B suggests the necessity of performing in vitro susceptibility testing on the isolates for the selection of appropriate antifungal agents. Conclusion: As the findings indicated, the achievement of knowledge regarding C. africana as an emerging non-albicans Candida species and its antifungal susceptibility profile is crucial to select antifungal prophylaxis and empirical therapy for oral candidiasis in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. None: non
Purine Alkaloids of the Fruits of Camellia sinensis L. and Coffea arabica L. during Fruit Development

The amounts of two purine alkaloids, caffeine and theobromine, in the fruit of tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) increased markedly during the growing season until the fruit was full-ripened and dried. In the dry fruit, the pericarp contained the most alkaloids, but there were also considerable amounts in the seed coat and, to a lesser extent, the fruit stalk and the seed. The shed seeds also contained significant amounts of the alkaloids, especially in the seed coats. In contrast with the dry fruit of tea, seeds and pericarp of coffee ( Coffea arabica L.) fruit contained a considerable amount of caffeine and a small amount of theobromide. A small amount of theophylline was also present in the pericarp of the ripened fruit. Relationships between growth and purine alkaloid content in tea and coffee fruits and their roles during seed formation are discussed.
Resolving the timescales of magmatic and hydrothermal processes associated with porphyry deposit formation using zircon U–Pb petrochronology

Understanding the formation of economically important porphyry-Cu-Au deposits requires the knowledge of the magmaticto-hydrothermal processes that act within the much larger underlying magmatic system and the timescales on which they occur. We apply high-precision zircon geochronology (CA-ID-TIMS) and spatially resolved zircon geochemistry (LA-ICP-MS) to constrain the magmatic evolution of the underlying magma reservoir at the Pliocene Batu Hijau porphyry-Cu-Au deposit. We 15 then use this extensive dataset to assess the accuracy and precision of different U-Pb dating methods of the same zircon crystals. Emplacement of the oldest preto syn-ore tonalite (3.736 ± 0.023 Ma) and the youngest tonalite porphyry cutting economic Cu-Au mineralisation (3.646 ± 0.022 Ma) is determined by the youngest zircon grain from each sample, which constrains the duration of metal precipitation to less than 90 ± 32 kyr. Overlapping spectra of single zircon crystallisation ages and their trace element distributions from the pre-, syn and post-ore tonalite porphyries reveal protracted zircon crystallisation together with 20 apatite and plagioclase within the same magma reservoir over >300 kyr. The presented petrochronological data constrains a protracted early >200 kyr interval of melt differentiation and cooling within a large heterogeneous magma reservoir leading up to ore formation, followed by magma storage in a highly crystalline state and chemical and thermal stability over several 10s of kyr during which fluid expulsion formed the ore deposit. Irregular trace element systematics suggest magma recharge or underplating during this final short time interval. 25 The comparison of high precision CA-ID-TIMS results with in-situ LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology data from the same zircon grains allows a comparison of the applicability of each technique as a tool to constrain dates and rates on different geological timescales. All techniques provide accurate dates but with variable different precision. Highly precise dates derived by the calculation of the weighted mean and standard error of the mean of zircon dates obtained by in-situ techniques can lead to ages of unclear geological significance that are older than the maximum ages of emplacement given by 30 the CA-ID-TIMS ages of the youngest zircons in each sample. significantly older suggested emplacement ages than those determined by high-precision CA-ID-TIMS geochronology. This lack in accuracy of the weighted means is due to the protracted nature of zircon crystallisation in upper crustal magma reservoirs, suggesting that standard errors should not be used
The Role of Renal Ultrasound on the Management of Children with First Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the commonest bacterial infections in the pediatric population. It is estimated that 8% girls and 2% boys will acquire UTI during childhood [1]. 5-12% of children ages between 2 months to two years with high grade fever, are having a diagnosis of UTI. 20-30% of the children will develop another episodes between 6-12 months after the first episode of UTI [2]. UTI is one of the most important risk factors in the development of renal insufficiency or end stage renal disease [3], so early diagnosis and intervention is needed to preserve renal function of the growing kidney. However, contraversy and lack of consensus have been encountered in the management of UTI, including its diagnosis, radiological investigations and the use of antibiotic therapy [4]. The assessment and follow-up of children with UTI have been revised in the recent years, and the new guidelines recommends limitation of invasive radiological procedures and encourages performing investigations only in children at risk [5,6]. On the other hand, in recent years the clinical value of routine renal ultrasound (RUS) in the management of children with first UTI has been questioned [7]. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the role of routine RUS in the management of children with first uncomplicated UTI who were admitted at Prince Ali Bin Al-Hussein Hospital (PAH)-Jordan.