Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spironolactone Utilization among Patients with Reduced and Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure

Background: Spironolactone is a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist indicated for the management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In a previous clinical trial, spironolactone significantly lowered the incidence of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations among HF patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Real world utilization of spironolactone in HFrEF and HFpEF is unknown. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from FDA’s Sentinel System. We identified patients with HFrEF or HFpEF using diagnosis and procedure codes from a previously validated algorithm. We required patients to be continuously enrolled in the 183 days prior to HF diagnosis. Follow-up started on the day of HF diagnosis and ended at the earliest occurrence of a spironolactone dispensing, disenrollment, death, or end of data. We calculated the proportion of spironolactone utilization, and for those initiating treatment, we estimated the dose and duration of the first continuous treatment episode. Results: Among 2,009,529 HFrEF patients, 57.8% were male, and mean age was 73.8 ± 12.1 years. Among 9,257,514 HFpEF patients, 42.7% were male, and mean age was 73.0 ± 12.1 years. The proportion of spironolactone utilization following HFrEF diagnosis was 20.7% versus 7.6% after HFpEF. The median time (days) to initiation of spironolactone after HFrEF diagnosis was 90 (IQR: 19–385) versus 286 (IQR: 57–851) after HFpEF diagnosis. The median duration (days) of first treatment episode in HFrEF patients was 120 (IQR: 44–321) and 114 (IQR: 32–301) for HFpEF patients. The median dose was similar (25 mg/day) for both HF cohorts. Conclusion: Findings of low real-world utilization of spironolactone from our large, geographically, and demographically diverse multi-site study in the US are consistent with reports from smaller studies in the literature. Similar spironolactone dosing and duration were observed in both the HFpEF and HFrEF cohorts. Future research characterizing spironolactone treated and untreated HFpEF cohorts will be needed to identify treatment gaps.
Inertial waves in a differentially rotating spherical shell

Abstract We investigate the properties of small-amplitude inertial waves propagating in a differentially rotating incompressible fluid contained in a spherical shell. For cylindrical and shellular rotation profiles and in the inviscid limit, inertial waves obey a second-order partial differential equation of mixed type. Two kinds of inertial modes therefore exist, depending on whether the hyperbolic domain where characteristics propagate covers the whole shell or not. The occurrence of these two kinds of inertial modes is examined, and we show that the range of frequencies at which inertial waves may propagate is broader than with solid-body rotation. Using high-resolution calculations based on a spectral method, we show that, as with solid-body rotation, singular modes with thin shear layers following short-period attractors still exist with differential rotation. They exist even in the case of a full sphere. In the limit of vanishing viscosities, the width of the shear layers seems to weakly depend on the global background shear, showing a scaling in ${E}^{1/ 3} $ with the Ekman number $E$ , as in the solid-body rotation case. There also exist modes with thin detached layers of width scaling with ${E}^{1/ 2} $ as Ekman boundary layers. The behaviour of inertial waves with a corotation resonance within the shell is also considered. For cylindrical rotation, waves get dramatically absorbed at corotation. In contrast, for shellular rotation, waves may cross a critical layer without visible absorption, and such modes can be unstable for small enough Ekman numbers.
A Survey For Planetary-mass Brown Dwarfs in the Taurus and Perseus Star-forming Regions

We present the initial results from a survey for planetary-mass brown dwarfs in the Taurus star-forming region. We have identified brown dwarf candidates in Taurus using proper motions and photometry from several ground- and space-based facilities. Through spectroscopy of some of the more promising candidates, we have found 18 new members of Taurus. They have spectral types ranging from mid-M to early-L, and they include the four faintest known members in extinction-corrected Ks, which should have masses as low as ∼4–5 MJup according to evolutionary models. Two of the coolest new members (M9.25, M9.5) have mid-IR excesses that indicate the presence of disks. Two fainter objects with types of M9–L2 and M9–L3 also have red mid-IR colors relative to photospheres at ≤L0, but since the photospheric colors are poorly defined at >L0, it is unclear whether they have excesses from disks. We also have obtained spectra of candidate members of the IC 348 and NGC 1333 clusters in Perseus that were identified by Luhman et al. Eight candidates are found to be probable members, three of which are among the faintest and least-massive known members of the clusters (∼5 MJup).
Super-Eddington accretion discs with advection and outflows around magnetized neutron stars

We present a model for a super-Eddington accretion disc around a magnetized neutron star taking into account advection of heat and the mass loss by the wind. The model is semi-analytical and predicts radial profiles of all the basic physical characteristics of the accretion disc. The magnetospheric radius is found as an eigenvalue of the problem. When the inner disc is in radiation-pressure-dominated regime but does not reach its local Eddington limit, advection is mild, and the radius of the magnetosphere depends weakly on the accretion rate. Once it approaches the local Eddington limit the disc becomes advection-dominated, and the scaling for the magnetospheric radius with the mass accretion rate is similar to the classical Alfvén relation. Allowing for the mass loss in a wind leads to an increase in the magnetospheric radius. Our model can be applied to a wide variety of magnetized neutron stars accreting close to or above their Eddington limits: ultra-luminous X-ray pulsars, Be/X-ray binaries in outbursts, and other systems. In the context of our model we discuss the observational properties of NGC 5907 X-1, the brightest ultra-luminous pulsar currently known, and NGC 300 ULX1, which is apparently a Be/X-ray binary experiencing a very bright super-Eddington outburst.
Understanding the newly observed $\Omega_c$ states through their decays

The strong and radiative decay properties of the low-lying $\Omega_c$ states are studied in a constituent quark model. We find that the newly observed $\Omega_c$ states by the LHCb Collaboration can fit in well the decay patterns. Thus, their spin-parity can be possibly assigned as the following: (i) The $\Omega_c(3000)$ has $J^P=1/2^-$ and corresponds to the narrow $1P$ mixed state $|1^2P_{\lambda}\frac{1}{2}^-\rangle_1$, its partner $|1^2P_{\lambda}\frac{1}{2}^-\rangle_2$ should be a broad state with a width of $\sim 100$ MeV. (ii) The $\Omega_c(3050)$ and $\Omega_c(3066)$ can be assigned to be two $J^P=3/2^-$ states, $|1^4P_{\lambda}\frac{3}{2}^-\rangle$ and $|1^2P_{\lambda}\frac{3}{2}^-\rangle$, respectively. (iii) The $\Omega_c(3090)$ can be assigned as the $|1^4P_{\lambda}\frac{5}{2}^-\rangle$ state with $J^P=5/2^-$. (iv) The $\Omega_c(3119)$ might correspond to one of the two $2S$ states of the first radial excitations, i.e. $|2^2S_{\lambda\lambda}\frac{1}{2}^+\rangle$ or $|2^4S_{\lambda\lambda}\frac{3}{2}^+\rangle$.
Satellites: Orbits and Missions

Introduction Keplerian motion 1.1 Preamble 1.2 Acceleration 1.3 Central acceleration 1.4 Newtonian acceleration 1.5 Keplerian motion : trajectory and period 1.6 The three anomalies 1.7 Representation of the anomalies 1.8 Integrals of motion 1.9 Historical note on universal attraction 1.10 Annex : Ellipses Satellites on keplerian orbit 2.1 Gravitational field 2.2 The N-body and the two-body problem 2.3 Orbital parameters 2.4 Case of quasi-circular orbits 2.5 Keplerian period Satellites on real orbit (perturbed) 3.1 Perturbing forces 3.2 Terrestrial gravitational field (geopotential) 3.3 Perturbations and satellite altitude 3.4 Perturbation method : presentation 3.5 Perturbation method : resolving 3.6 Perturbation method applied to geopotential (J2 term) 3.7 Perturbation method applied to geopotential (general case) 3.8 Different definitions of the period 3.9 Notes on precession motion 3.10 Historical note on geodesy 3.11 Terrestrial geoid 3.12 Annex : Sphere of influence 3.13 Annex : Lagrangian points 3.14 Annex : Legendre's functions 3.15 Annex : Spherical trigonometry 3.16 Annex : Astronomical constants Orbit / Earth / Sun relative motion 4.1 Orbit motion 4.2 Earth motion 4.3 Apparent Sun motion 4.4 Geosynchronism 4.5 Sun-synchronism Orbit and track of the satellite 5.1 Satellite position on its orbit 5.2 Satellite track on circular orbits 5.3 Classification of satellite orbits 5.4 Classification of satellite missions 5.5 Annex : Satellite velocity on circular orbit 5.6 Annex : Duration of the satellite visibility 5.7 Annex : Notions of map projections Orbit relative to the Sun 6.1 Precession cycle 6.2 Overpass time for a Sun-synchronous satellite 6.3 Annex : Duration of the solar eclipse Orbit relative to the Earth 7.1 Constraints for the repeat cycle 7.2 Repeat cycle for a Sun-synchronous satellite 7.3 Repeat cycle for a LEO non-Sun-synchronous satellite 7.4 Repeat cycle for MEO and GEO satellites 7.5 Study of the track grid 7.6 Repeat cycle index 7.7 Variation of the altitude 7.8 Frozen orbit Views from the satellite 8.1 Swath of the instruments 8.2 Viewing geometry related to the swath 8.3 Pixel deformation 8.4 Swath track for a LEO satellite 8.5 View from a GEO satellite Temporal and angular sampling 9.1 Sampling strategy 9.2 Target-satellite direction 9.3 Target-Sun direction 9.4 Sun-target-satellite geometry 9.5 Monthly tables of sampling Satellite of Mars 10.1 Presentation of Planet Mars 10.2 Geodetical and astronomical data 10.3 Satellites on real orbits (perturbed) 10.4 Representation of the track 10.5 Orbits related to the Sun 10.6 Orbits related to Mars 10.7 Views from the satellite 10.8 Temporal and angular sampling 10.9 Annexes related to martian satellites Satellites of other celestial bodies 11.1 Planets of the Solar System 11.2 Geodetical and astronomical data (planets) 11.3 Satellites of planets on real orbits 11.4 Track of planet satellite 11.5 Natural moons of the Solar System 11.6 Geodetical and astronomical data (moons) 11.7 Satellites of natural moons on real orbits 11.8 Track of natural moon satellites Bibliography Index
Assessing the Calibration of Naive Bayes Posterior Estimates

Abstract : In this paper, we give evidence that the posterior distribution of Naive Bayes goes to zero or one exponentially with document length. While exponential change may be expected as new bits of information are added, adding new words does not always correspond to new information. Essentially as a result of its independence assumption, the estimates grow too quickly. We investigate one parametric family that attempts to downweight the growth rate. The parameters of this family are estimated using a maximum likelihood scheme, and the results are evaluated.
Crystal Structure of CYP3A4 Complexed with Fluorol Identifies the Substrate Access Channel as a High-Affinity Ligand Binding Site

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is a major human drug-metabolizing enzyme, notoriously known for its extreme substrate promiscuity, allosteric behavior, and implications in drug–drug interactions. Despite extensive investigations, the mechanism of ligand binding to CYP3A4 is not fully understood. We determined the crystal structure of CYP3A4 complexed with fluorol, a small fluorescent dye that can undergo hydroxylation. In the structure, fluorol associates to the substrate channel, well suited for the binding of planar polyaromatic molecules bearing polar groups, through which stabilizing H-bonds with the polar channel residues, such as Thr224 and Arg372, can be established. Mutagenesis, spectral, kinetic, and functional data confirmed the involvement but not strict requirement of Thr224 for the association of fluorol. Collectively, our data identify the substrate channel as a high-affinity ligand binding site and support the notion that hydrophobic ligands first dock to the nearby peripheral surface, before migrating to the channel and, subsequently, into the active site.
Identifying Prerequisite Courses in Undergraduate Biology Using Machine Learning

Many undergraduate students who matriculated in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) degree programs drop out or switch their major. Previous studies indicate that performance of students in prerequisite courses is important for attrition of students in STEM. This study analyzed demographic information, ACT/SAT score, and performance of students in freshman year courses to develop machine learning models predicting their success in earning a bachelor’s degree in biology. The predictive model based on Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) showed a better performance in terms of AUC (Area Under the Curve) with more balanced sensitivity and specificity than Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Neural Network (NN) models. An explainable machine learning approach called break-down was employed to identify important freshman year courses that could have a larger impact on student success at the biology degree program and student levels. More important courses identified at the program level can help program coordinators to prioritize their effort in addressing student attrition while more important courses identified at the student level can help academic advisors to provide more personalized, data-driven guidance to students.
Grasp Learning: Models, Methods, and Performance

Grasp learning has become an exciting and important topic in robotics. Just a few years ago, the problem of grasping novel objects from unstructured piles of clutter was considered a serious research challenge. Now, it is a capability that is quickly being incorporated into industrial supply chain automation. How did that happen? What is the current state of the art in robotic grasp learning, what are the different methodological approaches, and what machine learning models are used? This review attempts to give an overview of the current state of the art of grasp learning research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems, Volume 14 is May 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Under-Recognized Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Refractory Kawasaki Disease: A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing

Recognition of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in patients with refractory Kawasaki disease (KD) can be challenging. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of MAS in patients with refractory KD and to compare the characteristics of refractory KD and MAS. Medical records of 468 patients diagnosed with KD from January 2010 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Of the 468 KD patients, 63 were enrolled in the study as a refractory KD group (n = 59) and an MAS group (n = 4). The incidence of MAS was 0.8% (4/468) in patients with KD and 6.3% (4/63) in patients with refractory KD. Compared to the refractory KD group, the MAS group had higher frequencies of incomplete KD, hepatosplenomegaly, third-line treatment, and MAS screening, and showed lower levels of albumin. No significant differences were found in other clinical and laboratory findings. In addition to four patients with MAS, five patients with refractory KD who received third-line treatment showed severe systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction, but only one in five patients underwent MAS screening, including ferritin levels. In conclusion, given the relatively high incidence of MAS in children with refractory KD and the similar phenotype between refractory KD and MAS, we propose that MAS screening should be included in routine laboratory tests for refractory KD.
Zonally asymmetric influences of the quasi-biennial oscillation on stratospheric ozone

Abstract. The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), as the dominant mode in the equatorial stratosphere, modulates the dynamical circulation and the distribution of trace gases in the stratosphere. While the zonal mean QBO signals in stratospheric ozone have been relatively well documented, the zonal (longitudinal) differences in the QBO ozone signals have been less studied. Using satellite-based total column ozone (TCO) data from 1979 to 2020, zonal mean ozone data from 1984 to 2020, three-dimensional (3-D) ozone data from 2002 to 2020, and ERA5 reanalysis and model simulations from 1979 to 2020, we demonstrate that the influences of the QBO (using a QBO index at 20 hPa) on stratospheric ozone are zonally asymmetric. The global distribution of stratospheric ozone varies significantly during different QBO phases. During QBO westerly (QBOW) phases, the TCO and stratospheric ozone are anomalously high in the tropics, while in the subtropics they are anomalously low over most of the areas, especially during the winter–spring of the respective hemisphere. This confirms the results from previous studies. In the polar region, the TCO and stratospheric ozone (50–10 hPa) anomalies are seasonally dependent and zonally asymmetric. During boreal winter (December–February, DJF), positive anomalies of the TCO and stratospheric ozone are evident during QBOW over the regions from North America to the North Atlantic (120∘ W–30∘ E), while significant negative anomalies exist over other longitudes in the Arctic. In boreal autumn (September–November, SON), the TCO and stratospheric ozone are anomalously high from Greenland to Eurasia (60∘ W–120∘ E) but anomalously low in other regions over the Arctic. Weak positive TCO and stratospheric ozone anomalies exist over the South America sector (90∘ W–30∘ E) of the Antarctic, while negative anomalies of the TCO and stratospheric ozone are seen in other longitudes. The consistent features of TCO and stratospheric ozone anomalies indicate that the QBO signals in TCO are mainly determined by the stratospheric ozone variations. Analysis of meteorological conditions indicates that the QBO ozone perturbations are mainly caused by dynamical transport and also influenced by chemical reactions associated with the corresponding temperature changes. QBO affects the geopotential height and the polar vortex and subsequently the transport of ozone-rich air from lower latitudes to the polar region, which therefore influences the ozone concentrations over the polar region. The geopotential height anomalies associated with QBO (QBOW–QBOE) are zonally asymmetric with clear wave number 1 features, which indicates that QBO influences the polar vortex and stratospheric ozone mainly by modifying the wave number 1 activities.
ON THE DISSIPATION RATE COEFFICIENT IN HOMOGENEOUS ISOTROPIC DECAYING AND FORCED TURBULENCE

The normalized non-dimensional von K\'arm\'an-Howarth equation for isotropic homogeneous decaying and forced steady turbulence is integrated to obtain expressions for the dissipation rate coefficient $C_{\epsilon}=(L \epsilon)/ ^{3/2}$, where $L$ denotes the longitudinal integral length scale, $\epsilon$ the mean dissipation rate and $ $ the mean variance of the longitudinal velocity fluctuations. For decaying turbulence the final exact expressions for $C_{\epsilon}$ for the low and high Reynolds number limit depend on the decay exponent $n$, which is known to depend on the initial velocity structure at the turbulence production. The dependence on $n$ leads to a non-universal coefficient. The expressions for the steady forced case depend on the forcing mechanism and thus are not universal either. Nonetheless, a lower value and considerably less scatter as compared to the decaying turbulence case should be expected when similiar forcing algorithms are employed.
Browsing or buying: A serial mediation analysis of consumer’s online purchase intentions in times of COVID-19 pandemic

The role of digitization and globalization have changed consumers’ online buying behaviors, specifically in the times of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. This seriously influences the online retail industry in developing countries that are already struggling to move toward digital trading through e-business. Pakistan being a developing country is no exception, and it is, therefore, pertinent to examine factors that contribute to digital trading. Employing theories of reasoned action and the technology acceptance model, this study aims to investigate how personal innovativeness and perceived usefulness impact consumers’ online purchase intentions through a serial mediational model. The data were collected through an online survey from 410 respondents. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the proposed model. This study showed significant results for the direct effect of personal innovativeness and perceived usefulness on online purchase intentions as well as the indirect serial effect via internet browsing and attitude toward online purchasing. The study results have some important practical implications for selling firms, especially in the times of COVID-19. The study suggests that online retailers should be more responsive to the aforementioned factors to facilitate consumers to spend more time browsing, which influences consumers’ interest and intention to make online purchases. As the social distancing and lockdown approaches were implemented in Pakistan and other parts of the world, the trend toward online purchases has increased. Due to this shift in the overall purchasing behavior of consumers and the potential for strong growth in e-commerce, organizations need to consider the post-COVID situation to expand their business in an online platform for addressing the future pandemic crisis.
Proportion of Extrapulmonary MDR-TB Confirmed by GeneXpert® in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, West Java, Indonesia Year 2012–2021

As the third-highest country with tuberculosis (TB) incidence worldwide in 2020, Indonesia has increasing TB cases resistant to various anti-TB therapy or multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB, and ranked fifth for its high incidence reported in Global Tuberculosis Report 2020. Moreover, extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) is rising, and data studies on EPTB with MDR-TB in Indonesia are scarce. This study aimed to explore the proportion of extrapulmonary MDR-TB among TB cases in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. A descriptive retrospective and cross-sectional study design were conducted, retrieving medical records from all suspect MDR-TB adult patients examined by GeneXpert®, at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, West Java period 2012–2021. Those with EPTB were further analyzed, and the demographic data was collected as well as clinical history, behavioral history, sites of extrapulmonary MDR-TB, and drug resistance. Of a total 7,013 TB cases, 1,900 (27.1%) were MDR-TB cases, of whom 0.08% (n6) were extrapulmonary MDR-TB cases and 0.16% (n11) were combined with PTB. The main characteristics of cases with extrapulmonary MDR-TB were median age 27-year-old (range 25–34), male gender (64.7%), underweight BMI (84.6%), and predominantly were primary cases (35.3%). The anti-TB drug resistance in MDR-TB were pre-XDR-TB (11.7%), XDR-TB (5.6%), MDR-TB (42%), and RR-TB (40.7%). Although the proportion of extrapulmonary MDR-TB among all TB cases is small (0.2%), this disease can’t be ignored and has a great potential to be explored. Most of them are rifampicin-resistant. Further studies need to include a larger population to have more overview of MDR-TB with EPTB.