Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An e Y cient mammalian cell-free translation system supplemented with translation factors

Development of an e Y cient cell-free translation system from mammalian cells is an important goal. We examined whether supplementation of HeLa cell extracts with any translation initiation factor or translational regulator could enhance protein synthesis. eIF2 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2) and eIF2B augmented translation of capped, uncapped and encephalomyocarditis virus-internal ribosome entry site-promoted mRNAs. eIF4E speci W cally stimulated capped mRNA translation, while p97, a homologue to the C-terminal two-thirds of eIF4G, increased uncapped mRNA translation. When the HeLa cell extract was supplemented with a combination of eIF2, eIF2B, and p97, the capacity to synthesize a protein from an uncapped mRNA became comparable to that from the capped counterpart stimulated with a combination of eIF2, eIF2B, and eIF4E. A dialysis method rendered the HeLa cell extract capable of synthesizing proteins for 36 h, and the yield was augmented when supplemented with initiation factors. In contrast, the productivity of a rabbit reticulocyte lysate was not enhanced by this method. Collectively, the translation factor-supplemented HeLa cell extract should become an important tool for the production of recombinant proteins. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Inferring the COVID-19 infection fatality rate in the community-dwelling population: a simple Bayesian evidence synthesis of seroprevalence study data and imprecise mortality data

Abstract Estimating the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection fatality rate (IFR) has proven to be particularly challenging –and rather controversial– due to the fact that both the data on deaths and the data on the number of individuals infected are subject to many different biases. We consider a Bayesian evidence synthesis approach which, while simple enough for researchers to understand and use, accounts for many important sources of uncertainty inherent in both the seroprevalence and mortality data. With the understanding that the results of one's evidence synthesis analysis may be largely driven by which studies are included and which are excluded, we conduct two separate parallel analyses based on two lists of eligible studies obtained from two different research teams. The results from both analyses are rather similar. With the first analysis, we estimate the COVID-19 IFR to be 0.31% [95% credible interval (CrI) of (0.16%, 0.53%)] for a typical community-dwelling population where 9% of the population is aged over 65 years and where the gross-domestic-product at purchasing-power-parity (GDP at PPP) per capita is $17.8k (the approximate worldwide average). With the second analysis, we obtain 0.32% [95% CrI of (0.19%, 0.47%)]. Our results suggest that, as one might expect, lower IFRs are associated with younger populations (and may also be associated with wealthier populations). For a typical community-dwelling population with the age and wealth of the United States we obtain IFR estimates of 0.43% and 0.41%; and with the age and wealth of the European Union, we obtain IFR estimates of 0.67% and 0.51%.
Relations between the United States of America and Italy in the post-Cold War period: a defense-industrial perspective

This article analyzes U.S.-Italian relations after 1989 from a defence-industrial perspective. It argues that the concentration and internationalization of the Italian defence industry, particularly through the creation of Finmeccanica, influenced bilateral relations by introducing a new element into defence industrial cooperation between the two countries. Military procurement programs involving American and Italian governments and industries, based on several memorandums of understanding, have become an important component of transatlantic relations. In turn, these programs are influenced by the broader military and political relations between the United States and Italy, which have been particularly intense regarding Italy’s contribution to U.S.-led crisis management operations in Europe, Central Asia and the greater Mediterranean. The paper argues that there is a two-way relationship between defence industrial cooperation and politico-military cooperation.
Family violence in Canada: A statistical profile

Results from the 2014 General Social Survey (GSS) on victimization show that of the 19.2 million Canadians in the provinces who had a current or former spouse or common law partner, about 4% (760,000 individuals) reported having been physically and/or sexually abused by their partner during the preceding five years. This was significantly fewer than what was reported a decade earlier in 2004 (7%).
Sound Postcards in Forced Displacement: Changes in the Social Fabric of Victims of the Armed Conflict in Colombia Based on an Analysis of Their Sound Environments

The objective of this study was to analyse the changes in social fabric caused by the armed conflict in Colombia among people who had been the victims of forced displacement and who when arriving in the new places participate in a musical-social programme. The study was conducted using testimonies from interviews and in the form of sound postcards , an ethnographic research tool. Twenty-one interviews with 14 interviewees in the Music for Reconciliation (MFR) programme of the Batuta National Foundation (BNF) and their families were analysed, and 70 sound postcards , revealing the meaning of interviewees’ sonic landscapes, or soundscapes , in their everyday lives. Their sound environments were found to have changed significantly; having been rural before forced displacement they became urban, and there were also changes in interviewees’ social bonds with people and relationships to objects in the environment. The study reveals a significant change in their sound landscapes before and after forced displacement and analyses the impact of these sonic landscapes and their meaning in the everyday lives of the participants. Finally, the use of sound postcards highlights MFR music centres as places where displaced people can be helped to form new bonds. The sound environment
A Decomposition of Total Variation Depth for Understanding Functional Outliers

Abstract There has been extensive work on data depth-based methods for robust multivariate data analysis. Recent developments have moved to infinite-dimensional objects, such as functional data. In this work, we propose a notion of depth, the total variation depth, for functional data, which has many desirable features and is well suited for outlier detection. The proposed depth is in the form of an integral of a univariate depth function. We show that the novel formation of the total variation depth leads to useful decomposition associated with shape and magnitude outlyingness of functional data. Compared to magnitude outliers, shape outliers are often masked among the rest of samples and more difficult to identify. We then further develop an effective procedure and visualization tools for detecting both types of outliers, while naturally accounting for the correlation in functional data. The outlier detection performance is investigated through simulations under various outlier models. Finally, the proposed methodology is demonstrated using real datasets of curves, images, and video frames.
Septate Pattern on Precontrast T1-Weighted Melanoma of the Sinonasal Tract: Value of a

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Various tumors of the sinonasal tract can exhibit high signal intensity on T1WI. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of a septate pattern on precontrast T1WI for diagnosing sinonasal melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospectively, 3 observers independently reviewed MR images of 31 histologically proved sinonasal melanomas with special attention to the presence or absence of a septate pattern on precontrast T1WI, deﬁned as alternating hyperintense and hypointense striations on precontrast T1WI. For comparison, we evaluated the prevalence of a septate pattern on precontrast T1WI in 106 nonmelanomatous sinonasal malignant tumors with 16 different histologic types. We also tried to identify the histopathologic features responsible for the septate pattern on precontrast T1WI. RESULTS: Twenty-seven (87.1%) of 31 sinonasal melanomas showed hyperintense foci on T1WI, among which a septate pattern on precontrast T1WI was seen in 23 (74.2%), while 22 (20.8%) of 106 nonmelanomatous malignant tumors demonstrated hyperintense foci on T1WI, among which only 3 (2.8%) showed a septate pattern on precontrast T1WI. The sensitivity, speciﬁcity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of a septate pattern on precontrast T1WI for the diagnosis of sinonasal melanoma were 74%, 97%, 88%, 93%, and 92%, respectively. Although limited due to the retrospective nature, 4 of 23 histologically reviewed sinonasal melanomas revealed an uneven distribution of melanin with alternating melanin and ﬁbrous bands within the tumors. CONCLUSIONS: A septate pattern on precontrast T1WI might be an adjunctive imaging ﬁnding for the diagnosis of sinonasal melanoma. This might be attributed histologically to an uneven distribution of melanin and hemorrhage within the tumors. ABBREVIATIONS
Dynamics of demand-side and supply-side responses to Front-of-Pack nutrition labels in Europe

The EU food market is characterized by the presence of several Front-of-Pack (FOP) nutrition labels, some of which have been very recently introduced. While the EU Commission proposed to harmonize and possibly mandate the use of FOP labels, agreement on which label to adopt is far from being achieved. This review explores the main issues related to the adoption of FOP nutrition labels from both the demand-side and the supply-side perspective with the aim of providing an updated evidence-based roadmap for the development of future studies on FOP labelling, that can contribute to extend scientific evidence and guide future EU food policies.
A credit-money and structural perspective on the European crisis : why exiting the euro is the answer to the wrong question

This paper presents an analysis of the crisis combining a Marxian and a Financial Keynesian perspective. Both are framed in a long-run, structural perspective of the capitalist dynamics. Each crisis erupts because of the contradictions in the idiosyncratic factors explaining the ascent. We are experiencing the crisis not of a generic Neoliberalism or a void financialisation, but of a money manager capitalism, which was built upon a concentration without centralisation of capital, new forms of corporate governance, aggressive competition, a capital market inflation, indebted consumption. A world able to gain in new forms the same good (or rather, bad) old exploitation, to provide internally demand, and to present itself as a stable Great Moderation. It can be characterised as a financially privatised Keynesianism, based on a new monetary policy and a new autonomous demand driving the process, a configuration which was necessarily unsustainable. Its crisis is evolving from a Great Recession to a Lesser Depression.
Gas exsolution and gas invasion in peat Towards a comprehensive modelling framework

Increasing climatic stresses accelerate the degradation of highly organic soils, like peat, by increasing their drying rate above the water table and their decomposition rate under water. Recent experimental studies provide evidence of the consequences of these processes on the hydro-mechanical properties of peat. However, modelling the experimental evidence in a comprehensive framework remains challenging, especially in the case of anaerobic degradation, which is accompanied by gas generation, exsolution and expansion, into an initially saturated matrix of soil. In this research study, experimental results from undrained isotropic unloading on artificially gas-charged peat samples are combined with data from drying tests on the same peat, in an attempt to develop a unified framework encompassing the two desaturation processes. As a first approximation, simple compression laws depending on the average stress acting on the soil skeleton are used to simulate the experimental results. The comparison between experimental data and model simulations suggests the possibility of modelling gas expansion similar to the gas invasion process occurring on drying. The modelling approach, stemming from unsaturated soil mechanics, is meant to offer a possible framework to include the hydro-mechanical consequences of the effects of degradation of peats in the engineering analysis.
Purposes and Challenges of Integrating ICT in English Language Teaching in Nepalese Context

This phenomenological study explores how English language teachers become information and communication technology (ICT) literate and why they make use of ICT in English language class and to find out the challenges in integrating ICT in English language teaching (ELT). For this purpose, two secondary-level English teachers were selected purposively, and in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique. The findings drawn from the lived experience of the teachers reveal that teachers become ICT literate and updated by taking formal classes, training, and teaching their students; they make use of ICT in ELT for students' language development, motivation, and autonomy. The challenge of keeping the students on the right track is the major challenge English language teachers encounter while integrating ICT in ELT. Though there are challenges, every English language teacher should try to teach the English language integrating ICT.
University of Birmingham Improved scheme of membership function optimisation for fuzzy air-fuel ratio control of GDI engines

: This paper researches an improved scheme of Membership Function Optimisation (MFO) for fuzzy Air-fuel Ratio (AFR) control of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines based on Correspondence Analysis (CA). This PI-like Fuzzy Knowledge-Based Controller (FKBC) optimised by the proposed scheme can further optimise AFR control performance while maximising conversion efficiency of the Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) to eliminate the exhaust emissions in real-time. Different from the conventional experience-based Membership Function Design (MFD) method for an FKBC, the proposed MFO scheme uses CA approach and can visualise the relationship between engine step gain scenarios and designed MF patterns to precisely determine its scalar parameters for AFR regulation of GDI engines. Within this context: 1) Specialised MFs for self-adaptive AFR control system of a GDI engine are designed with weight distribution. 2) Based on designed scalar parameters, the CA model with taxonomic dimensions is built for acquiring a customised MF to counter transient scenario changes more effectively. 3) The engine controller with the proposed scheme is real-time validated in a production V6 GDI engine, and its advantage in terms of engine transient control performance is further demonstrated by comparing with a benchmark controller designed based on experience.
Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia Brain Perfusion in Asphyxiated Newborns

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Induced hypothermia is thought to work partly by mitigating reperfusion injury in asphyxiated term neonates. The purpose of this study was to assess brain perfusion in the first week of life in these neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, MR imaging and ASL-PI were used to assess brain perfusion in these neonates. We measured regional CBF values on 1–2 MR images obtained during the first week of life and compared these with values obtained in control term neonates. The same or later MR imaging scans were obtained to define the extent of brain injury. RESULTS: Eighteen asphyxiated and 4 control term neonates were enrolled; 11 asphyxiated neonates were treated with hypothermia. Those developing brain injury despite being treated with induced hypothermia usually displayed hypoperfusion on DOL 1 and then hyperperfusion on DOL 2–3 in brain areas subsequently exhibiting injury. Asphyxiated neonates not treated with hypothermia who developed brain injury also displayed hyperperfusion on DOL 1–6 in brain areas displaying injury. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that ASL-PI may be useful for identifying asphyxiated neonates at risk of developing brain injury, whether or not hypothermia is administered. Because hypothermia for 72 hours may not prevent brain injury when hyperperfusion is found early in the course of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, such neonates may be candidates for adjustments in their hypo-thermia therapy or for adjunctive neuroprotective therapies.
Impaired 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 action underlies enthesopathy development in the Hyp mouse model of X-linked hypophosphatemia

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by high serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels, resulting in impaired 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) production. Adults with XLH develop a painful mineralization of the tendon-bone attachment site (enthesis), called enthesopathy. Treatment of mice with XLH (Hyp) with 1,25D or an anti–FGF23 Ab, both of which increase 1,25D signaling, prevents enthesopathy. Therefore, we undertook studies to determine a role for impaired 1,25D action in enthesopathy development. Entheses from mice lacking vitamin D 1α-hydroxylase (Cyp27b1) (C–/–) had a similar enthesopathy to Hyp mice, whereas deletion of Fgf23 in Hyp mice prevented enthesopathy, and deletion of both Cyp27b1 and Fgf23 in mice resulted in enthesopathy, demonstrating that the impaired 1,25D action due to high FGF23 levels underlies XLH enthesopathy development. Like Hyp mice, enthesopathy in C–/– mice was observed by P14 and was prevented, but not reversed, with 1,25D therapy. Deletion of the vitamin D receptor in scleraxis-expressing cells resulted in enthesopathy, indicating that 1,25D acted directly on enthesis cells to regulate enthesopathy development. These results show that 1,25D signaling was necessary for normal postnatal enthesis maturation and played a role in XLH enthesopathy development. Optimizing 1,25D replacement in pediatric patients with XLH is necessary to prevent enthesopathy.
Development of Self-discovery and Exploration (SDE) Integrated Low Level Organism Taxonomy Teaching Materials to Improve Students’ Critical Thinking Skills

This research aims to improve students’ critical thinking skills through the development of self-discovery and exploration (SDE) teaching materials for low-level taxonomy of organisms. This material is a modiﬁed version that combines the concepts of Discovery Learning with the mapping of the Indonesian National Qualiﬁcation Framework. The Indonesian National Qualiﬁcation Framework consists of six tasks: Routine Tasks, Critical Journal Review, Critical Book Report, Mini-Research, Project and Idea Generation. This research is classiﬁed as research and development (R&D) under the ADDIE approach. Data collection techniquesthroughinterviews,questionnaires,mediatestresults,andeffectiveness tests.Interviewsheets,questionnaires,effectivenesstestsandmediaeffectiveness testswereusedasresearchinstruments.Researchdatawereanalyzedbycalcu-latingthepercentageofthemediaeffectivenesstestandtheeffectivenessofthe mediainimprovingstudents’criticalthinkingskills.Resultsshowedthatthere wasasigniﬁcantdifferenceincriticalthinkinglearningoutcomesbetweenexper-imentalandcontrolgroupsclasseswithtcountof29.453onMoneramaterial, 23,204 on Protista material, and 15,214 on Fungi material, while ttable of 1,697 on Sig. (2-Tailed) of 0.000 which indicates tcount > ttable; The acquisition of critical thinking results for experimental class students on each of these materials was 85.40%, 78.41%, 75.88% in the very high category, while control class students were 31.66%, 27.95%, 49.89% in the low category. Thus, it can be concluded that the teaching materials developed are effective in improving students’ Critical Thinking Skills.
Actions that protect: Promoting sexual and reproductive health and choice among young people in India

This paper synthesises the evidence on the sexual and reproductive health situation of young people in India and explores what we know about underlying factors that place them at risk of or protect them from unsafe and unwanted sexual and reproductive health experiences. The picture that emerges suggests that substantial proportions of young people experience risky or unwanted sexual activity do not receive prompt or appropriate care and experience adverse reproductive health outcomes. Contextual factors such as poverty gender imbalances and lack of education or livelihood opportunities clearly increase the vulnerability of youth. Other factors at the family community and facility level may also exacerbate risk. While young peoples knowledge and awareness about sexual and reproductive health is increasing much of this knowledge remains superficial and ridden with myths misperceptions and a sense of invulnerability. Gender power imbalances make risky behaviours acceptable encourage secrecy and fear of disclosure and inhibit negotiation among partners. Lack of communication with parents and other trusted adults similarly keeps young people ill informed and unlikely to receive parental support or counsel in relation to sexual matters. Sexuality education remains inadequate and irrelevant to young peoples needs and services remain inaccessible unacceptable unaffordable and of indifferent quality. Several encouraging signs are however evident. The sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents and young people are on the national agenda. There is growing recognition that young people themselves must be given a role in articulating designing implementing and evaluating such programmes. Finally experiences of a few programmes already exist that appear to successfully respond to young peoples sexual and reproductive health needs in innovative and acceptable ways. The paper concludes by recommending on the basis of available evidence a core set of promising actions that protect. (authors)
Fabrication and Characterization of PVC-Based Nanofiber Membranes for Water Filtration Application

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dissolved in N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and filled with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) has been studied for water treatment applications due to the material being hydrophobic, rigid, and biodegradable. However, it does not have antibacterial properties. The chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) as a natural antibacterial polymer are added into PEO/PVC blend to fabricate nanofiber membranes for well water filtration. We investigate the effects of adding PEO and CSNPs to PVC on the morphology, tensile properties, water contact angle, and water filtration efficiency of the nanofiber membranes. The PEO-PVC polymer solutions are dissolved in DMAC by varying concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% PEO (w/w), then fabricated to be the nanofiber membranes by the electrospinning technique. The PEO/PVC membrane’s contact angle decreases with the PEO concentration and by adding 1% CSNPs. This trend aligns with the average nanofiber diameter but is opposite to the tensile strength. The 1% CSNPs/4% PEO/PVC membrane has shown 78% and 92% efficiency in filtering Coliform and Colitinja bacteria in the well water,
l-state Solutions of the Relativistic and Non-Relativistic Wave Equations for Modified Hylleraas-Hulthen Potential Using the Nikiforov-Uvarov Quantum Formalism

An exact analytical and approximate solution of the relativistic and non-relativistic wave equations for central potentials has attracted enormous interest in recent years. By using the basic Nikiforov-Uvarov quantum mechanical concepts and formalism, the energy eigenvalue equations and the corresponding wave functions of the Klein–Gordon and Schrodinger equations with the interaction of Modified Hylleraas-Hulthen Potentials (MHHP) were obtained using the conventional Pekeris-type approximation scheme to the orbital centrifugal term. The corresponding unnormalized eigen functions are evaluated in terms of Jacobi polynomials.