Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new technique for estimating outgoing longwave radiation using infrared window and water vapor radiances from Kalpana very high resolution radiometer

A new technique for estimating the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from the radiances observations in the infrared window (WIN; 10.5–12.5 μm) and water vapor (WV; 5.7–7.1 μm) channels onboard the geostationary operational Indian National Satellite (INSAT) Kalpana has been developed. The OLR is estimated from the WIN and WV radiances via genetic algorithm (GA). The transfer functions that relate OLR and narrowband radiances (WIN and WV) were developed using radiative transfer model. It is shown that inclusion of the WV information in the development of transfer function significantly reduces the OLR retrieval error as compared to the single WIN channel approach. The analysis shows that the model OLR may be retrieved within 2.5 Wm−2 rmse using WIN and WV channels, which is smaller than the rmse by earlier methods used for OLR estimation using two channels (WIN and WV). GA technique shows the clear advantage over multi‐channel regression in the OLR retrieval from WIN and WV radiances.
Satellite remote sensing of rangelands in Botswana II. NOAA AVHRR and herbaceous vegetation

Abstract NOAA-7 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) global-area coverage (GAC) data for the visible and near-infrared bands were used to investigate the relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the herbaceous vegetation in three representative rangeland types in eastern Botswana. Regressions between Landsat MSS band-7/band-5 ratios and field measurements of the cover of the live parts of herbaceous plants, above-ground biomass of live herbaceous plants and bare ground were used in conjunction with MSS data in order to interpolate the field data to 144 km2 areas for comparison with blocks of nine AVHRR GAC pixels. NOAA NDVI data were formed into 10-day composites in order to remove cloud cover and extreme off-nadir viewing angles. Both individual NDVI composite data and multitemporal integrations throughout the period May 1983-April 1984 were compared with the field data. In multiple linear regressions, the cover and biomass of live herbaceous plants and bare .
ROUMAITE, (Ca,Na,□)3(Ca,REE,Na)4(Nb,Ti)[Si2O7]2(OH)F3, FROM ROUMA ISLAND, LOS ARCHIPELAGO, GUINEA: A NEW MINERAL SPECIES RELATED TO DOVYRENITE

Roumaite, (Ca,Na‚□) 3 (Ca,REE,Na) 4 (Nb,Ti)[Si 2 O 7 ] 2 (OH)F 3 , a new mineral species, occurs as a late-stage product in cavities of peralkaline nepheline syenites on Rouma Island, in the Los Archipelago, in Guinea; associated minerals are aegirine, albite, analcime, arfvedsonite, catapleiite, a eudialyte-group member, microcline, sodalite, sphalerite, steacyite and villiaumite. Roumaite is monoclinic, space group Cc , with cell parameters a 7.473(2), b 11.294(2), c 18.778(4) A, β 101.60(2)°, V 1552.5(6) A 3 , Z = 4. The modular structure of roumaite consists of stacks of tobermorite-like layers, “octahedral” layers and disilicate groups; it is closely related to dovyrenite.
Tracing a mantle plume: Isotopic and trace element variations of Galápagos seamounts

Isotopic and trace element analyses of basalts dredged from across the Galápagos Platform confirm the previously established east facing horseshoe pattern of depleted geochemical signatures at the center of the archipelago and more enriched signatures along the periphery. Statistical analysis of the isotopic data indicates that geochemical variations in the Galápagos cannot be explained by mixing between only the plume and the depleted asthenosphere. Instead, four isotopically distinct end‐members must be interacting to account for the subtleties of the Sr, Nd, Pb, and He isotopic data. Three of the components are geographically restricted: one in the south, one in the central region, and one in the north. These three plume components then mix with the fourth component, depleted mantle, which is indistinguishable from the MORB source. The central component resembles the high 3He/4He mantle reservoir that may be common to many plumes and has variously been called PHEM, FOZO, and C by others. Whereas this mantle reservoir appears to make a minor contribution to the composition of most hot spot systems, it may constitute the main body of the Galápagos plume. Geographic distribution of the end‐members suggests that the plume is centered near Fernandina ∼92°N but may be significantly diluted by depleted mantle even near the main conduit. The geochemically distinct end‐members trace an eastward mantle flow, manifested as decreasing contributions of the plume in the direction of plate motion. The plume may be tilted by shear in the asthenosphere from plate motion and ambient mantle flow. As it is bent, the plume thermally entrains surrounding upper mantle, resulting in the horseshoe‐shaped distribution of depleted and enriched material. The end‐members may also outline a deep, strong lateral flow of mantle toward the Galápagos Spreading Center, supplying plume material to the ridge system. Overall, our results suggest that the Galápagos hot spot is both compositionally and dynamically complex owing to its tectonic setting adjacent to a mid‐ocean ridge.
Topographically induced height errors in predicted atmospheric loading effects

[1] Atmospheric pressure variations are known to induce vertical displacements of the Earth's surface with magnitudes large enough to be detected by geodetic observations. Estimates of these loading effects are derived using global reanalysis fields of surface pressure as input. The input surface pressure has a minimum spatial sampling, which does not capture true surface pressure variations due to high topographic variability in some regions. In this paper, we investigate the effect that unmodeled topographic variability has on surface pressure estimates and subsequent estimates of vertical surface displacements. We find that the estimated height changes from the topographic surface pressure can be significant (2–4 mm) for sites in regions of high topographic variability. When we compare the estimated height changes to Global Positioning System residuals from the 2005 International Terrestrial Reference Frame Realization, we find that the heights derived from the topographic surface pressure, versus those from the normal surface pressure, perform better at reducing the scatter on the height coordinate time series.
Sediment Conditioning with Organic and/or Inorganic Carbon Sources as a First Step in Alkalinity Generation of Acid Mine Pit Lake Water (pH 2−3)

Laboratory scale microcosm studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of controlled in situ saprobization of lake sediments as one opportunity for deacidification of artificial shallow lakes resulting from open cast lignite mining located in southeast Germany. Under lasting anoxic conditions iron and sulfate were removed from the lake water as a result of microbial iron- and sulfate reduction together with a subsequent precipitation of insoluble sulfide minerals to the lake sediment. The 2 L closed system microcosms were made up of a model of the sediment/water interface. They were filled with lake water and sediment and treated subsequently with different organic and/or inorganic carbon sources in combination with wheat straw. Just the water was characterized initially and finally 8 weeks later. The rise of pH together with acidity consumption was observed. In the microcosms treated with wheat straw and pyruvate, ethanol, Carbokalk, or Pfezi-granula the pH rose to 5.5 and 7.0, respectively, and iro.
GESTCO case study 2a-1 : storage potential of the Bunter Sandstone in the UK sector of the Southern North Sea and the adjacent onshore area of eastern England

This case study, is the published product of the GESTCO project - a study by the British Geological Survey (BGS) and eight other organisations; BGR, BRGM, GEUS, GSB, IGME, NITG-TNO, NGU and Ecofys. GESTCO is an acronym for European Potential for Geological Storage of CO2 from fossil fuel combustion. The goal of this project is to determine whether geological storage of CO2 is a viable method of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion, capable of widespread application.
Chemical-mineralogical characterization of historical bricks from Ferrara: an integrated bulk and micro-analytical approach

Abstract In this paper we present bulk X-ray fluorescence-X-ray diffraction (XRF/XRD) and microanalytical scanning electron microscope-electron microprobe analysis (SEM-EMPA) data on historical bricks from Medieval or Renaissance buildings of Ferrara (NE Italy) to provide insights into the nature and provenance of the raw material as well as clues on the sintering techniques. Chemical data indicate that the starting materials were obtained by mixing high Cr-Ni clay and subordinate sand (both quarried from the Po river alluvial deposits) with the possible introduction of a Na-rich flux component. Thin-section observation, XRD and micro-analytical data indicate the presence of key accessory phases such as pyroxene, amphibole, epidote and rare olivine in the pre-fired mineral assemblage, confirming the utilization of the Po river sediments. Recognition of neo-formation firing phases (e.g. melilite, wollastonite), together with composition of micas, amphiboles and interstitial glasses, indicate kiln temperatures between c. 800 and 1000 °C. This provides guidelines for making new compatible and durable bricks to be utilized for restoration, and contributes to the preservation of historical masonry.
Survival prognosis model for elderly women with epithelial ovarian cancer based on the SEER database

Objectives We aimed to analyze the risk factors of elderly women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) using data on the SEER database, and to generate a nomogram model their 1-, 3-, and 5-year prognoses. The resulting nomogram model should be useful for clinical diagnoses and treatment. Methods We collected clinical data of women older than 70 years with epithelial ovarian cancer (diagnosed on the basis of surgical pathology) from the SEER database including datasets between 2010 and 2019. We randomly grouped the data into two groups (7:3 ratio) using the R language software. We divided the independent prognostic factors obtained by univariate and multi-factor Cox regression analyses into training and validation sets, and we plotted the same independent prognostic factors in a nomogram model of overall survival (OS) at 1, 3, and 5 years. We used the C-index, calibration curve, and area under the curve to validate the nomograms. We further evaluated the model and its clinical applicability using decision curve analyses. Results We identified age, race, marital status, histological type, AJCC staging, differentiation degree, unilateral and bilateral tumor involvement, number of positive lymph nodes, chemotherapy, surgery, sequence of systemic treatment versus surgery, and time from diagnosis to treatment as independent prognostic factors for elderly women with EOC (P < 0.5). The C-indexes were 0.749 and 0.735 in the training and validation sets, respectively; the ROC curves showed that the AUC of each prognostic factor was greater than 0.7; and, the AUC values predicted by the line plot were similar in the training and validation sets. The decision curves suggest that this line plot model has a high clinical value for predicting overall survivals at 1, 3, and 5 years in elderly women with EOC. Conclusion The nomogram model in this study can provide an accurate assessment of the overall survival of women older than 70 years with EOC at the time of the first treatment, and it provides a basis for individualized clinical treatment.
And Yet it Moves : The Eﬀect of Election Manifestos on Party Policy Images

This paper estimates the eﬀect of parties’ election statements on voter perceptions of party policy positions. It reveals robust evidence that campaign policy announcements do inﬂuence party images: as a result of the campaign, party policy brands shift in the direction of the platform. Hence, it challenges the conclusion in Adams et al. (2011) that voters do not adjust their perception of parties’ positions to campaign statements, and shows that their results stem from an inadequate empirical strategy. This paper makes a key contribution to our understanding of elections, since it provides empirical evidence that election campaigns are useful for voters to identify changes in parties’ policy preferences. It also opens avenues for further research that the results in Adams et al. had discouraged from, such as analyses of the factors that explain variation in the relevance of campaign statements. Word
Meltwater flux and runoff modeling in the ablation area of Jakobshavn Isbræ, West Greenland

Abstract The temporal variability of surface snow and glacier melt flux and runoff are investigated for the ablation area of Jakobshavn Isbræ, West Greenland. High-resolution meteorological observations both on and outside the Greenland ice sheet were used as model input. SnowModel, a physically based spatially distributed meteorological and snow evolution modeling system, is used to simulate the temporal variability of Jakobshavn Isbræ accumulation and ablation processes for 2000/01–2006/07. Winter snow depth observations and MODIS satellite-derived summer melt observations are used for model validation of accumulation and ablation. The modeled interannual runoff variability varied from 1.81 × 109 m3 (2001/02) to 5.21 × 109 m3 (2004/05), yielding a cumulative runoff at the Jakobshavn Glacier terminus of ∼2.25 to ∼4.5 m w.e. The average modeled Jakobshavn runoff of ∼3.4 km3 a−1 was merged with previous estimates of Jakobshavn ice discharge to quantify the freshwater flux to Illulissat Icefjord. For both runoff and ice discharge the average trends are similar, indicating increasing (insignificant) influx of fresh water to Ilulissat Icefjord for the period 2000/01–2006/07. This study suggests that surface runoff forms a minor part of the overall Jakobshavn freshwater flux to the fjord: about 7% (∼3.4 km3 a−1) of the average annual freshwater flux of ∼51.0 km3 a−1 originates from the surface runoff.
In situ stress determination from hydraulic injection test data

Laboratory and field results have shown that the orientation of a hydraulically propagated fracture is not always perpendicular to that of the minimum principal stress but may be influenced by local weakness planes such as preexisting natural fissures: the lower the flow rate, the stronger the weakness planes influence. This observation has led to a new stress determination method based on the measurement of the normal stress supported by fracture planes, with various dips and strikes. This new method provides means to evaluate the precision of the stress determination and can be applied to situations in which none of the principal stresses is vertical. When all the fracture planes are parallel to the borehole axis, the method is still applicable if fast flow rate reopening pressures can be measured and if the principal stress directions are assumed to be independent of depth. Validity of the method is illustrated by analyzing results from two sets of data, one of which has been discussed previously in the literature.
Comptes Rendus Géoscience Sciences de la Planète

The Laopanga hot spring deposits along the “Cameroon Volcanic Line” (CVL) are distinctive in being both siliceous sinter and travertine, made up of immature amorphous silica and mainly calcite, and associated with detrital deposits such as claystone, sandstone and conglomerate. Their age range from Plio-Pleistocene to Actual. Sr concentrations (17 to 2304 ppm) suggest an enrichment by epithermal outflows. δ 13 C and δ 18 O values, ranging respectively from 1.5‰ to 2.9‰ V-PDB and − 10.1‰ to − 6‰ V-PDB, reflect a high temperature of the parent solution (40 °C) related to an elevated geothermal gradient. The europium anomalies values (Eu/Eu*: 0.54–1.78) indicate the temperature variation of precipitated deposits related to distance of the deep hot water flow. The chemical ∗ Corresponding author.
Homoeopathic medicines modulate inflammatory functions and Homoeopathic medicines modulate inflammatory functions and adhesion receptor expression in human blood cells: An in vitro adhesion receptor expression in human blood cells: An in vitro study study

Abstract Background:Background: Homoeopathic medicines are used extensively for the treatment of many human diseases and are shown to affect immune cell functions. However, our understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of such medicines and associated mechanisms of action remains limited. Objectives:Objectives: The present study aims to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Arsenic album, Rhus toxicodendron, Hepar sulphuris and Bryonia alba on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes. Materials and Methods Materials and Methods: In this work, neutrophils and monocytes were treated with different homoeopathic dilutions of 30C potency separately, followed by stimulation with the LPS, to examine the immunomodulatory effects of these medicines. Flow cytometry-based expression analysis of different surface markers was assessed, gene expression dynamics was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and protein secretion was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultsResults: A significantly decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α both at transcript levels as well as protein levels with reduced expression of the pathogen recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors (TLR)-2, and TLR-4 in LPS-stimulated neutrophils and monocytes were observed. Similarly, there was a reduction in reactive oxygen species production and expression of activation markers such as CD44, CD69 and CD62L in stimulated cells in the presence of the homoeopathic medicines. A differential level of expression of cell adhesion receptors (e.g., integrin β 1, β 3 and α v) which mediate migration of immune cells in the tissues was observed in stimulated cells. ConclusionConclusion: We found that homoeopathic medicines have a significant effect against LPS-induced inflammatory response in innate immune cells and provide empirical support for their beneficial effects.
Clinical effects of COVID-19 vaccines on chronic spontaneous urticaria patients: a study on two Turkish centers

The relationship between CSU and vaccines is reported in the literature. The post-vaccine clinical effect of COVİD-19 vaccines on CSU patients is still unclear. we aimed to evaluate clinical effects of COVID-19 Vaccines on CSU patients. CSU patients under treatment and follow-up in our outpatient clinic were evaluated retrospectively. To determine disease activity the urticaria activity score over seven days (UAS7) was used. The details of demographic information, CSU treatment, history of COVID-19 infection and exacerbation of urticaria during infection, COVID-19 vaccinations, type of vaccine, side effect reaction time after vaccination, hospital admission requirement were also assessed. Total of 190 patients with a mean age of The mean age of patients was 41,7±14,0 years (range = 18–72) were enrooled. The patient sample consisted of 50 males and 140 females (male/female ratio 1:2.8). 181 (CoronaVac 77, Pfizer-BioNTech 104) patients were vaccinated. Urticarial exacerbation was occurred in 25 patients. The median UAS value was 5 before vaccination, it was 12 in patients with post-vaccine urticaria. Two patients had angioedema and one patient had anaphylaxis after vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech. COVID-19 vaccination in the CSU can be considered safe. Cases with urticarial exacerbation appear to be transient and can be managed by antihistamine and/or systemic steroid therapies. More extensive studies are needed for the relationship with CSU and post-coronavirus vaccination anaphylaxy.
Mass‐loading asymmetry in upstream region near Mars

The measurements carried out by the electric field probe onboard the PHOBOS-2 spacecraft reveal that the mass-loading taking place in the solar wind far upstream of the Martian bow shock is dependent upon the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field. The asymmetry of mass-loading is caused by H + pickup ions originating from the extended cold hydrogen Martian exosphere and reflected from the bow shock. The distribution of pickup protons in the upstream region is analysed in a test particle approach, which seems to be confirmed by the Phobos data
High spatial and temporal organization of changes in precipitation over Germany for 1951–2006

Temporal changes in daily precipitation observed at more than 2300 stations in Germany during the second half of the 20th century are analysed. Compared to other studies, this analysis is based on a very high spatial density of observation locations and complete areal coverage of Germany. Changes in four precipitation characteristics are investigated: (1) total amount of seasonal and monthly precipitation, (2) mean and 95% quantile (q95) of daily precipitation, (3) transition probabilities to quantify wet and dry spells, and (4) precipitation amounts for a 7‐day event with return period 100 years. For all parameters, strikingly clear trend patterns in space and time (of the year) emerged. Stations with increasing and decreasing trends are never found in direct neighbourhood, but are well separated from each other. Changes are season and even month specific. These clear spatial and temporal patterns are an expression of the organization of precipitation mechanisms over Germany. These findings add a note of caution in regard to trend analyses: Spatially and temporally aggregated trend studies might not disclose the complete range of changes and might miss important details. Interestingly, the variability of daily precipitation has changed in parallel with the mean behaviour: Those regions and seasons that show an increase in mean show also an increase in standard deviation, leading to a disproportional increase in heavy precipitation. In addition, there is a tendency towards higher persistence, in particular, longer wet spells in winter, spring, and autumn, and longer dry spells in summer. If these trends continue, there will be an increasing potential for floods in winter and spring, and increasing problems for water availability in summer in regions that show signs of water stress today.
Feasibility Test of Multifrequency Radiometric Data Assimilation to Estimate Snow Water Equivalent

Abstract A season-long, point-scale radiometric data assimilation experiment is performed in order to test the feasibility of snow water equivalent (SWE) estimation. Synthetic passive microwave observations at Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) frequencies and synthetic broadband albedo observations are assimilated simultaneously in order to update snowpack states in a land surface model using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). The effects of vegetation and atmosphere are included in the radiative transfer model (RTM). The land surface model (LSM) was given biased precipitation to represent typical errors introduced in modeling, yet was still able to recover the true value of SWE with a seasonally integrated rmse of only 2.95 cm, despite a snow depth of around 3 m and the presence of liquid water in the snowpack. This ensemble approach is ideal for investigating the complex theoretical relationships between the snowpack proper.