Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochemical alterations in healthy and infected stem bark of mango genotypes infected by black banded disease

In this study, the level of total sugars, total phenols and total alkaloids were studied in the healthy and infected stem bark of six genotypes. Biochemical analysis of healthy and infected bark of mango showed that there was considerable decrease in the reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, total sugars and total alkaloids content of infected bark. While phenol content of the infected bark showed considerable increase as compared to the healthy bark. In the present study, the contents of total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars were higher in healthy bark of all the genotypes and decreased in infected bark.
Enzyme-Modified Screen-Printed Electrodes for Assaying Glucose, Ethanol, Lactate and Starch in Fermentation Media

Screen-printed electrodes modified by glucose oxidase, alcohol oxidase, lactate oxidase and γ-amylase immobilized into cross linked bovine serum albumin gel were produced for application in monitoring fermentation processes. The analytical and metrological characteristics of biosensors based on the developed electrodes were determined. Samples of fermentation mass and alcohol products were assayed. Statistical analysis of the results showed the values of glucose, ethanol, lactate and starch contents, determined using the developed multi-channel system and by reference methods, to differ insignificantly.
Genetic variability studies on yield and yield contributing traits in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper

An experiment was conducted to estimate the genetic variability on twenty-eight genotypes of blackgram (seven parents and twenty-one F1’s) during kharif2017 in RBD at Research cum Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. Variability was studied for twelve quantitative characters. From the present investigation it was found that all the characters showed significant variation for all the traits except for days to 50% flowering. GCV and PCV estimates were observed high for seed yield per plant followed by biological yield per plant and plant height.
Cross-cultural, developmental psychology: integrating approaches and key insights

Like psychology more broadly, developmental psychology has long suffered from a narrow focus on children from WEIRD societies—or those that are Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic. In this review, we discuss how developmental scientists have sought to correct this bias through two complementary approaches: one centered on detailed, ethnographic investigations of child development within populations (increasing the depth of our understanding) and one focused on larger, multi-site studies that test children on standardized tasks across populations (increasing breadth) . We review key papers from each of these approaches, describe how they are currently practiced, and discuss their strengths and weaknesses. Next, we highlight exemplary papers from the adult literature that offer useful insights, namely the importance of formal modeling and a greater focus on studying variation at multiple levels of analysis. We end by outlining best practices for future waves of cross-cultural, developmental science. Overall, we argue that a more integrated perspective, combining the strengths of the breadth & depth approaches, can help better elucidate the developmental origins of human behavioral diversity.
Interactive comment on “A synthetic ice core approach to estimate ion relocation in an ice field site experiencing periodical melt; a case study on Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard” by C. P. Vega et al

The authors truly value the general and specific comments and suggestions made by the referees which have been very helpful when revising the manuscript. We thank the time taken by the referees and we appreciate their detailed review. We agree in most of the comments made by the referees, and we have included their valuable suggestions in the revised version (Supplement) as long as it was possible. Each of our responses has been noted as CV. following each of the referee’s comments.
Anterior Chamber Architectural Changes and Ocular Biometry Following Laser Iridotomy in Primary Angle Closure Suspects

Background: Angle closure glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world.Prophylactic peripheral iridotomy widens the already narrow angle which makes the eye susceptible to sudden rise in intraocular pressure. The aim of this study was to study the change in refractive error,axial length(AXL),central anterior chamber depth(CACD) and intraocular pressure(IOP) following Nd-YAG peripheral iridotomy (PI) in primary angle closure suspects(PACS). Materials and Methods:100 eyes of 50 patients were included in the study conducted in a tertiary eye care hospital in Coimbatore. IOP was recorded using Goldmannapplanation tonometer, AXL and CACD were recorded using Tomey OA2000.Gonioscopy was done using Goldmann 3 mirror lens.Changes in Best corrected visual acuity, IOP,axial length(AXL),and central anterior chamber depth(ACD) were analysed,prior to and 1 week after the laser procedure. Results:The mean age of the subjects was 54.62years. A significant fall in mean IOP was noted following laser.Significant increase in mean CACD,decrease in mean axial length and a small hyperopic shift in the refraction were noted. Conclusion:IOP reduction after Nd-Yag PI causes a significant increase in central anterior chamber depth. Key Word: Laser Peripheral Iridotomy, Angle Closure disease -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 02-04-2020 Date of Acceptance: 18-04-2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
One-year follow-up of The Incredible Years Parents and Babies Program: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background: The foundation of a healthy life begins in pregnancy and early adversity can have detrimental long-term consequences for affected children. Objective: This paper examines the effects of the Incredible Years Parents and Babies program (IYPB) at one-year follow-up when offered as a universal parenting intervention to parents with newborn infants. Method: We conducted a pragmatic, two-arm, parallel pilot randomized controlled trial; 112 families with newborns were randomized to IYPB intervention (n = 76) or usual care (n = 36). The IYPB program is a group intervention with eight two-hour sessions. Follow-up outcomes collected a year after the intervention ended include parental stress, depression, well-being, reflective function, sense of competence, and child cognitive and socio-emotional development. Results: There were no intervention effects on any of the primary or secondary parent-reported outcomes at one-year follow-up when the children were 18 months old. When examining the lowest-functioning mothers in moderator analyses, we found that mothers assigned to the IYPB group reported significantly lower scores for the interest and curiosity subscale of the parent reflective function scale than control mothers (β=-1,07 [-2.09,-0.06]). Conclusion: We found no long-term effects of the IYPB when offered as a universal intervention for a relatively well-functioning group of parents with infants in a setting with a high standard of usual care. The intervention was developed for more vulnerable families in settings with a low level of universal care and the program may be effective for families in those circumstances.
Genetic Analysis of Boaa Content in Lathyrus Sativus L

Genetic analysis of BOAA content was done in five crosses using generation mean. An investigation of this nature for determination of gene action utilizing six generations was taken up for the first time in this crop. Fixable additive gene effect was observed in cross P5 × P6 and predominantly additive gene effect in cross P2×P4. in two crosses (P3×P4 and P5×P3) out of five crosses, predominantly nonadditive gene effect was operating along with significant additive × additive interaction in cross P 5 × P 3. Predominance of fixable effects in majority of the crosses indicated that it would be amenable to early generation selection.
On the Regulation of the Respiration in Reptiles

1. In two species of Lacerta ( L. viridis and L. sicula ) the effects on respiration of body temperature (changes in metabolic rate) and of CO2 added to the inspired air were studied. 2. Pulmonary ventilation increases when body temperature increases. The increase is brought about by an increase in respiratory frequency. No relationship is found between respiratory depth and temperature. 3. The rise in ventilation is provoked by the needs of metabolism and is not established for temperature regulating purposes (in the temperature interval 10°-35°C). 4. The ventilation per litre O2 consumed has a high numerical value (about 75, compared to about 20 in man). It varies with the body temperature and demonstrates that the inspired air is better utilized at the higher temperatures. 5. Pulmonary ventilation increases with increasing CO2 percentages in the inspired air between o and 3%. At further increases in the CO2 percentage (3-13.5%) it decreases again. 6. At each CO2 percentage the pulmonary ventilation reaches a steady state after some time (10-60 min.) and is then unchanged over prolonged periods (1 hr.). 7. The respiratory frequency in the steady state decreases with increasing CO2 percentages. The respiratory depth in the steady state increases with increasing CO2 percentages. This effect of CO2 breathing is not influenced by a change in body temperature from 20° to 30°C. 8. Respiration is periodically inhibited by CO2 percentages above 4%. This inhibition, causing a Cheyne-Stokes-like respiration, ceases after a certain time, proportional to the CO2 percentage (1 hr. at 8-13% CO2), and respiration becomes regular (steady state). Shift to room air breathing causes an instantaneous increase in frequency to well above the normal value followed by a gradual decrease to normal values. 9. The nature of the CO2 effect on respiratory frequency and respiratory depth is discussed, considering both chemoreceptor and humoral mechanisms.
1 Numerical Computation of Second Derivatives with Applications to Optimization Problems

Newton’s method is applied to the minimization of a computationally expensive objective function. Various methods for computing the exact Hessian are examined, notably adjoint-based methods and the hyper-dual method. The hyper-dual number method still requires O ( N 2 ) function evaluations to compute the exact Hessian during each optimization iteration. The adjoint-based methods all require O ( N ) evaluations. In particular, the fastest method is the direct-adjoint method as it requires N evaluations as opposed to the adjoint-adjoint and adjoint-direct methods which both require 2 N evaluations. Applications to a boundary-value problem are presented.
Response of Global Tropical Cyclone Activity to Increasing CO2: Results from Downscaling CMIP6 Models

Global models comprising the sixth-generation Coupled Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) are downscaled using a very high-resolution but simplified coupled atmosphere–ocean tropical cyclone model, as a means of estimating the response of global tropical cyclone activity to increasing greenhouse gases. As with a previous downscaling of CMIP5 models, the results show an increase in both the frequency and severity of tropical cyclones, robust across the models downscaled, in response to increasing greenhouse gases. The increase is strongly weighted to the Northern Hemisphere, and especially noteworthy is a large increase in the higher latitudes of the North Atlantic. Changes are insignificant in the South Pacific across metrics. Although the largest increases in track density are far from land, substantial increases in global landfalling power dissipation are indicated. The incidence of rapid intensification increases rapidly with warming, as predicted by existing theory. Measures of robustness across downscaled climate models are presented, and comparisons to tropical cyclones explicitly simulated in climate models are discussed.
Economic feasibility of small scale garlic peeler

Garlic is widely used as a condiment, for medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations. Traditional methods of garlic peeling are laborious, time and cost intensive. In this paper, major focus has been laid on testing economic feasibility of small scale developed garlic peeler as our markets are mainly dominated by small scale manufacturing and processing units. Taking into account the manual peeling, the process is highly laborious and time consuming and also there occurs shortage of labor during peak seasons, ultimately adding more cost to peeling operation. Moreover, already available units for garlic peeling are costly and not affordable by small scale entrepreneurs. So, the developed garlic peeling machine will be substantial in serving the small scale entrepreneurs and processing units.
Variability, heritability and genetic advance studies in French marigold (Tagetes patula L.)

A field experiment was conducted at Main Experimental Station of Department of Horticulture, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The healthy seedlings were transplanted at a spacing of 30cm X 30cm. The observations were recorded from five plants selected randomly in each genotype per replication for 10 characters namely, plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), plant spread (cm), number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, days taken to flower bud initiation, duration of flowering (days), number of flowers per plant, flower weight (g) and flower yield per plant (g). Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences for all the ten characters. In general, estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were found to be higher than their corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). High broad sense heritability coupled with high genetic advance was reported for number of flowers per plant (h2 = 99.62%, GA = 59.78) and flower yield per plant (h2 = 99.53%, GA = 133.82), showing additive gene effects and shows the effectiveness of selection of these characters.
Physical and chemical properties of soils in Banaskantha district under groundnut cultivation

The current investigation was aimed to study the physical and chemical properties of soils of Banaskantha district under groundnut cultivation, Gujarat, India. One hundred forty surface soil samples (0-15 cm) from various groundnut growing fields (Ten samples from each taluka) of Banaskantha were collected during May, 2018 by using multistage stratified random sampling. The collected soil samples were analyzed for various physical and chemical properties viz., soil texture, electrical conductivity, soil reaction, organic carbon, available P2O5 and K2O by adopting standard analytical procedure. The majority of soils of this tract were found loamy sand and their texture varied from sandy to sandy loam. The soils of Banaskantha district were neutral to mildly alkaline in reaction and no salinity hazards (more than 98 per cent samples were categorized under normal range of soil salinity having EC 83 per cent soil samples were categorized under low organic carbon content). On the basis of nutrient index, the soils of this region were found low in organic carbon (1.171), marginal in available phosphorus (1.821) and adequate in available potassium (2.221).
Effect of different irrigation and fertigation levels on fruit quality parameters in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) cv. Phule Mosambi

Water and nutrient use efficiency are primary requirements for optimum and sustained citrus productivity. The interactive effect of irrigation and fertigation levels on fruit quality parameters of 10-year-old sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) cv. Phule Mosambi was studied in factorial randomized block design with nine treatment combinations and control with surface irrigation and band placement of conventional fertilizers. The interaction effects in the treatment T1 (I1F1) i.e. irrigation level I1-100% etc. through drip along with fertigation level F1-100% RD through WSF recorded significantly the maximum juice, optimum TSS, higher ascorbic acid, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total sugars and A grade fruit yield. There was also a significant influence of T1 (I1F1) on per cent A grade fruit yield.
The Southern Hemisphere Midlatitude Circulation Response to Rapid Adjustments and Sea Surface Temperature Driven Feedbacks

Rapid adjustments—the response of meteorology to external forcing while sea surface temperatures (SST) and sea ice are held fixed—can affect the midlatitude circulation and contribute to long-term forced circulation responses in climate simulations. This study examines rapid adjustments in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) circulation using nine models from the Precipitation Driver and Response Model Intercomparison Project (PDRMIP), which perform fixed SST and coupled ocean experiments for five perturbations: a doubling of carbon dioxide (2xCO2), a tripling of methane (3xCH4), a fivefold increase in sulfate aerosol (5xSO4), a tenfold increase in black carbon aerosol (10xBC), and a 2% increase in solar constant (2%Sol). In the coupled experiments, the SH eddy-driven jet shifts poleward and strengthens for forcings that produce global warming (and vice versa for 5xSO4), with the strongest response found in austral summer. In austral winter, the responses project more strongly onto a change in jet strength. For 10xBC, which induces strong shortwave absorption, the multimodel mean (MMM) rapid adjustment in DJF jet latitude is ~75% of the change in the coupled simulations. For the other forcings, which induce larger SST changes, the effect of SST-mediated feedbacks on the SH circulation is larger than the rapid adjustment. Nevertheless, for these perturbations the magnitude of the MMM jet shift due to the rapid adjustment is still around 20%–30% of that in the coupled experiments. The results demonstrate the need to understand the mechanisms for rapid adjustments in the midlatitude circulation, in addition to the effect of changing SSTs.
Evaluation of cluster front line demonstration trials on greengram (Vigna radiata) in Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu

Cluster front line demonstrations (CFLDs) is a novel approach to provide a direct interface between researcher and farmer for the transfer of technologies developed by them and to get direct feedback from farming community. Thus, FLDs provide an opportunity to researchers and extension personnel for understanding the farmer’s resources and requirement to fine tune and/or modify the technologies for easy adaptability at farmers’ fields. The CFLDs on Greengram were conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dindigul during kharif season in village of Ottupatti in Attur Block. All 50 demonstrations on greengram crops were carried out in area of 20 ha by the active participation of farmers with the objective to demonstrate the improved technologies of pulses production potential. The improved technologies consisting use of improved variety, seed treatment with Pseudomonas flurocensence, integrated weed management and insects and diseases. FLD recorded higher yield as compared to farmer’s local practice. The improved technology recorded average yield of 742 kg/ha in demonstration plot of variety CO 8 at village Ottupatti in Attur block of Dindigul district.
Laminar-flow design for a Mach-6 quiet-flow wind tunnel nozzle

A high Reynolds-number Mach-6 wind-tunnel nozzle has been designed for a new quiet-flow Ludwieg tube. The quiet-flow nozzle is designed to maintain laminar boundary layers on the nozzle walls as far downstream as possible. Transition onset is estimated using the e method. A very long nozzle with gentle curvature is used to reduce Görtler instability. Early transition would occur in adiabatic nozzles of this type, due to the first-mode TS instability. The first mode is controlled with an isothermal wall temperature that is high near the throat and tapers to ambient near the exit. The crossflow instability is eliminated through use of an axisymmetric nozzle. The e method predicts that a quietflow Reynolds number in excess of 13 million can be achieved in a prototype nozzle that is 2.61 m (103 inch) long and 0.23 m (9 inch) in diameter, at 10 atm. (1.03 × 10 Pa) total pressure. This performance would be about twice that of the existing Langley Mach-6 quiet-flow nozzle. At the same pressure, a nozzle that is 10 m (33 ft) long and 0.61 m (24 in.) in diameter is predicted to have a quiet Reynolds number of more than 36 million, a value sufficient to allow reproducing many flight experiments.
Soybean growth and yield response to integrated nutrient management under soybean-maize crop sequence in Typic haplustert soils of Maharashtra

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years in 2016-17 and 2017-18 at the Research Farm of Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (Maharashtra) to evaluate the effects of inorganic nutrients on the crop growth and yield under diversified soybean-maize cropping system. The treatments applied to monsoon season soybean were, S1 RDF (30:75:30 NPK kg ha), S2 50 % RDN + 50 % RDN through vermicompost, S3 50 % RDN + 50 % RDN through FYM, S4 50 % RDN + 50 % RDN through compost and S5 50 % RDN + 50 % RDN through soybean straw + Trichoderma viride @ 1 kg ha to soybean. These treatments were replicated four times in randomized block design. The study revealed that, soybean growth characters, yield attributes, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index were significantly improved with application of RDF (30:75:30 NPK kg ha) through chemical fertilizers. However, the application of 50% RDN + 50% RDN through vermicompost also improved all parameters equally, thus giving way to conclude that application of 50% RDN through inorganics + 50% RDN through vermicompost can to be the most feasible integrated nutrient management system which possess the potential to replace the source of nitrogen through organics.
Performance of rice varieties for higher yield under organic farming in Jharkhand, India

Performance of modern cultivars in terms of yield under organic farming differs from that of conventional system. As the demand for organic rice is increasing, so to maintain high productivity, there is a need to evaluate modern high yielding rice varieties under organic farming systems. A field experiment was conducted at research farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Jharkhand with an objective to evaluate yield attributes, yield and economics of different rice varieties under organic farming in the region of Jharkhand. The soil of experimental plot was sandy clay loam in texture having average carbon (6.16 Kg/ha), nitrogen (254.78 kg/ha), phosphorous (39.59 Kg/ha) and potassium (208.26 Kg/ha) with soil pH 6.04. Field experiments were carried out using randomized block design replicated thrice involving twelve treatments with twelve rice varieties viz. BVD 203, Birsa Dhan 201, Birsa Vikas Sugandha 1, BVD 110, Sahbhagidhan, Birsamati, Anjali, Lalat, M.T. U. 1010, Akshay, Pusa Sugandha and Naveen. Result of the study revealed that maximum no. of effective tillers per m2 (256.67) was observed in Birsamati, no. of grains per panicle (113.00) was observed in Lalat, no. of unfilled grains per panicle (37.67) was observed in Sahbhagidhan, panicle length (26.80 cm) was observed in Lalat. M.T. U. 1010 recorded the highest 1000 grain wt. (24.09 g), panicle wt. (3.95 g), grain yield (40.22 kg/ha), straw yield (62.96 kg/ha), harvest index (39.01%), gross return (93669 ₹/ha), net return (56057 ₹/ha) and B:C ratio (1.49) can be recommended under organic rice production in the region of Jharkhand (India).