Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Hygienic Status in Food Serving Establishment

| This study was conducted to evaluate the bacteriological safety of raw and cooked meat products represented by Aerobic Plate Count, Enterobacteriaceae, Coliforms, E. coli and Staph. aureus counts as well as determination of pH, TVBN and TBA of a totally examined 110 samples (20 each of shish tawook, kofta, fillet and escalope pane, besides, 30 swabs (10 each of hands, food contact surfaces and cutting knifes). The obtained results in this study indicated that the Overall reduction the bacterial counts of the above-mentioned organisms according to their prevalence in the different products under study were significantly reduced by 2, <1, 1, and <2 log10cfu/g in raw examined samples of shish tawook, kofta, fillet and escalope pane treated with 5% vinegar as compared with raw untreated samples, respectively. In addition, cooked treated aforementioned sample types with vinegar 5% showed significant reduction represented by 2, 1, <2 and 1 log10cfu/g when compared with cooked untreated samples. So, using of vinegar either in raw or cooked products leads to a significant reduction in the number of bacteria contaminating products. Hand swab before cleaning and sanitizing recorded 3.31±0.52 (100%), 2.54±0.92 (100%), 2.47±0.74 (60%), <1 (0.0%) and 2.12±0.55 (80%), while after cleaning it was recorded 2.39±0.5 (100%), 1.59±0.25 (60%),1.36±0.24 (40%), <1 (0.0%) and 1.74±0.62 (60%). Surfaces swab recorded 3±1.04 (100%), 1.5±0.96 (50%), 2.06±1.49 (20%), <1 (0.0%) and 2.3±1.18 (30%), before cleaning and 1.73±1.02 (100%), <1, <1, <1 and (30%) 2±0.7 log10cfu/g after cleaning. Knife swabs recorded 3.35±0.76 (100%), 2.68±0.68 (50%), 2.5±0.91 (40%), <1and 2.25±1.0 (70%) before cleaning, while after cleaning they were recorded 1.77±1.19 (100%), 2.59±0.16 (20%), <1, <1and 1.97±0.58 for the aforementioned bacterial counts, respectively. Salmonella was not isolated from any of the examined samples or swabs. Meanwhile, chemical analysis of pH, TVB-N and TBA recorded 0.04±0.02, 11.86±1.24 and 5.86±0.18 for shish tawook; 0.05±0.02, 6.6±2.19 and 6.12±0.31 for kofta; 0.04±0.03, 7.22±2.49 and 5.62±0.13 for fillet and 0.41±0.16, 13.18±2.15 and 5.96±0.49 for escalope pane, respectively. Significance differences (P<0.05) were obvious between raw and cooked samples and for some extent between treated and non-treated one. meat,
Increasing Impaired-Driving Enforcement Visibility: Six Case Studies

Research has shown that an effective way to reduce impaired driving is to increase the perceived risk of being stopped and arrested by law enforcement if driving while impaired. One of the most successful strategies for doing this is the coupling of intense and highly visible enforcement with publicity about the enforcement campaign. The term “high-visibility enforcement” (HVE) is used to describe law enforcement efforts aimed at deterring unsafe driving behavior by increasing the public’s perception of being caught, arrested, and prosecuted. Two common enforcement strategies of HVE operations are sobriety checkpoints and saturation patrols. Checkpoints concentrate law enforcement officers at the roadside to identify impaired drivers passing through. Saturation patrols involve an increased number of officers patrolling a limited area where impaired driving is prevalent. Both use highly visible elements (such as a concentration of law enforcement officers, bright lights, signs, and marked patrol cars) to heighten their visual impact. Enforcement efforts must be supported by an equal amount of publicity and communications. Publicity regarding the operations also raises awareness, and the perception of increased likelihood of detection of impaired driving. Research has indicated that HVE operations that are well-publicized, conducted frequently, and have high visibility deter impaired driving. This report presents six case studies of HVE programs currently operating in the United States. Three operate at the county level—Anoka County, Minnesota; Charles County, Maryland; and Pasco County, Florida. One operates at the city level in Escondido, California. One operates in a region of a State (Southeast Wisconsin). One operates in six States (Delaware, Kentucky, North Carolina, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia) and the District of Columbia. Each case study includes discussion of the HVE program’s history, enforcement strategies, visibility elements, operation, resources, use of media, educational components, funding, support from political leaders and the community, barriers encountered, and strengths of the program. Some case studies include statistics on the HVE operations (e.g., number of checkpoints, number of officers per saturation patrol) and impaired-driving crashes, arrests, and/or convictions before and after the program began. The report is intended to provide information on impaired driving HVE programs for regional, State and local agencies considering incorporating HVE strategies into their efforts to curb impaired driving or to modify existing HVE programs.
Making Companies Safe: What Works?

This report attempts to answer two important questions about health and safety regulation. First, it considers whether, in trying to change the way companies and their senior officers conduct themselves in relation to health and safety, the Government should introduce new legislation; or whether instead it is just as effective for the Government to adopt voluntary codes of conduct, which have no legal basis and no capacity for outside enforcement. Second, in relation to the law that currently exists, it considers what techniques regulatory bodies should use to ensure that companies and other employers actually comply with it. It assesses whether compliance is best obtained through, on the one hand inspections and investigations with the threat of the imposition of formal enforcement notices and prosecution, or, on the other hand, through education and other forms of contact with duty holders in which regulators inform them about what they should do and encourage them to take action where necessary, but with no or little threat of actual enforcement. The report tries to answer these questions by undertaking a comprehensive review of the available published research and considers what the evidence tells us about the relative effectiveness of (a) the use of the "law" to obtain improvements in health and safety and (b) various regulatory techniques and approaches that exist to ensure companies comply with existing health and safety law.
Towards a Theory of IS Support-Related Activity

Information systems (IS) support department has become one major source of knowledge for organizational end-users (employees) as organizations increasingly adopt complex and integrated information technologies. Despite its significance to IS post-adoptive use, IS support-related activity remains under-studied. This study aims at developing an integrative conceptualization of IS support-related activity by drawing on IS use and adaptation theory. We conducted an in-depth qualitative study in the organizational support of a new procurement system and analyzed 591 service interactions between IS support personnel and end-users. Our data analysis suggests that IS support-related activity is a multifaceted phenomenon that comprises a set of increasingly complex behaviors, including technology-oriented behaviors, user-oriented behaviors, and activities that IS personnel undertake to adapt to the technology-user-business context. In particular, IS support personnel were found performing three major types of IS support activity -informating, diagnosing, and boundary-spanning â which were associated with IS use behavior and required different types of knowledge in IS support context. This study contributes to IS literature by developing a comprehensive view of IS support-related activity, extending existing conceptualizations that exclusively focuses on technology or on human agency. The findings highlight the complexity and dynamics in IS post-implementation era, and present an urgent need to evaluate the challenges in and competence required for IS support work.
How accurately can sitting and the intensity of walking and cycling be classified using an accelerometer on the waist for the purpose of the “Global recommendations on physical activity for health”?

The society has become more sedentary and has developed a lack of physical activity, therefore increasing health risks. Feedback is needed to change these behaviours. For this feedback, first accurate monitoring is needed: sedentary behaviour must be classified as well as the intensity of physical activity. In this report a State of the Art analysis is performed to compare different classification techniques and finally two methods, both using an accelerometer on the waist, are worked out. These methods are Integral of the Modulus of the Accelerometer (IMA) classification and a machine learning technique (MLT): support vector machine (SVM). These methods are then applied in a laboratory experiment to study their quality. A measurement setup is made to create a dataset of the following activities: standing, sitting, lying, walking (2.4 - 7.5 km/h) and cycling (10.1-19 km/h). This dataset (n=15) is analysed and classified using Matlab for both methods. The IMA method was unable to monitor sedentary behaviour, but could classify the physical activity (PA) intensity with an accuracy of 66%. The SVM method within subjects was able to monitor sedentary behaviour with an accuracy of 91±20% and the classification of the PA intensity has an accuracy of 94±5%. For between subjects the accuracies decrease to 71±13% for PA intensity accuracy and 45±35% for the sedentary behaviour classification. IMA was implemented in the old feedback system, monitoring the overall daily amount of physical activity, but can significantly be outperformed by replacing it with the current SVM implementation. At this moment however, SVM can only be used to improve the old system, it cannot yet be used to create new additions to the feedback system, such as the implementation of the feedback of the sedentary behaviour and specific physical activity intensities. New methods and properties of the current SVM system have been found that might increase the accuracies of the between subject analysis and therefore might enable SVM to become applicable for the extra feedback options.
Flexible Robot Manipulators: Modelling, simulation and control

* Chapter 1: Flexible manipulators - an overview * Chapter 2: Modelling of a single-link flexible manipulator system: Theoretical and practical investigations * Chapter 3: Classical mechanics approach of modelling multi-link flexible manipulators * Chapter 4: Parametric and non-parametric modelling of flexible manipulators * Chapter 5: Finite difference and finite element simulation of flexible manipulators * Chapter 6: Dynamic characterisation of flexible manipulators using symbolic manipulation * Chapter 7: Flexible space manipulators: Modelling, simulation, ground validation and space operation * Chapter 8: Open-loop control of flexible manipulators using command-generation techniques * Chapter 9: Control of flexible manipulators with input shaping techniques * Chapter 10: Enhanced PID-type classical control of flexible manipulators * Chapter 11: Force and position control of flexible manipulators * Chapter 12: Collocated and non-collocated control of flexible manipulators * Chapter 13: Decoupling control of flexible manipulators * Chapter 14: Modelling and control of space manipulators with flexible links * Chapter 15: Soft computing approaches for control of a flexible manipulator * Chapter 16: Modelling and control of smart material flexible manipulators * Chapter 17: Modelling and control of rigid-flexible manipulators * Chapter 18: Analysis and design environment for flexible manipulators * Chapter 19: SCEFMAS - An environment for simulation and control of flexible manipulator systems
Quantifying Vermont Transportation Safety Factors: Young Drivers and Departure from Lane

In Vermont, between 1999 and 2003, 25 to 30% of major crashes involved young drivers under the age of 21 years. Young drivers are at increased risk for crashing due to their inexperience driving and propensity for risky behavior. In this research the authors identify factors which increase the likelihood of young drivers being at fault and those factors which contribute to more severe (fatal or incapacitating) crashes involving young drivers. The authors combined all drivers from single vehicle crashes and all at fault drivers involved in head-on collisions in Vermont to create a departure from lane crash dataset for 2003-2008. Because departure from lane crashes often involve vehicles colliding with fixed objects, this crash type is associated with a high degree of severity and is thus a priority for safety research. The research objective was to identify factors that impact departure from lane crash severity. Driver distraction is assumed to be an important factor in many crashes, including departure from lane. Addressing the effect of distracted driving, in addition to other contributing factors, on departure from lane crash severity was the second primary objective of this study.
Design of a Bayesian Recommender System for Tourists Presenting a Solution to the Cold-Start User Problem

Recommender systems aim to provide users with personalised recommendations of items based on their preferences. Such systems have during the last 15 years been applied in many domains and have enjoyed an increased popularity both in research communities and commerce. In this thesis our overlying aim is to work towards creating a recommender system for tourists visiting Trondheim. We begin this work by addressing the cold-start user problem, which is the problem of giving high-quality recommendations to new users who the system has little or no information about. The problem is severe in the tourist domain where the majority of users are cold-start users. To properly address the problem, we present a systematic literature review of the recommender system literature identifying nine types of solutions to the cold-start user problem. We evaluate the solution types in context of the tourist domain, and find that using demographic user data is the best solution in this domain. We include this solution as a part when we propose a design of a location-aware Bayesian recommender system for tourists visiting Trondheim.
Demand Analysis for Residential Water Supply Systems in Hong Kong

Accurate estimates of probable maximum simultaneous demand are essential for sizing the water supply plants and piping systems of high rise residential buildings cost-effectively and eco-efficiently. This paper surveyed the water usage patterns through face-to-face interviews and simple on site measurements from some typical high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong and investigated the probable maximum demands of domestic appliances in terms of fixture units determined at an allowable failure rate of 1% of the peak hourly demands. The fixture units of a WC, a washbasin, a shower, a kitchen sink and a 5 L washing machine were quantified and compared with the current design values. The results showed that the latter must be reviewed. This study hence provides a useful source of reference for the optimisation of water supply and piping systems in high-rise residential buildings.
Performance of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum var hortense L.) Genotypes and their Genetic Variation, Genetic Advance, Character Association and Path Analysis for Pod, Seed and Quality Characters

Garden pea (Pisum sativum var. hortense L.) which belongs to the family Leguminosae, is one of the most popular vegetable crops grown all over the world, both for fresh market and the food processing industry. In India, it is grown on an area of 530,000 hectares with a total production of 5,345,000 MT (NHB, 2016-2017). West Bengal is the sixth largest garden pea producing state and accounts for 3.5% of the total production of peas in the country. It is a self-pollinating, diploid crop with chromosome no. 2n = 14 In order to best exploit the available genetic wealth in the crop, the information would have paramount important. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to study the best performing variety, nature and magnitude of genetic variability inherently present in the genotypes, and also to ascertain the degree and direction of relationship between yield and its component characters and the direct and indirect effects of various component characters on the yield of twelve genotypes of pea. High GCV and PCV were recorded for total chlorophyll content followed by green pod yield and number of leaves per plant. Heritability was high (>60 %) for all the characters except pod set per inflorescence, shelling percentage and protein content which exhibited medium heritability. The pod yield was significantly and positively correlated with pod weight, pod girth, pericarp thickness, seed weight per pod, number of pods per plant and weight of 100 seeds. The path coefficient analysis using the phenotypic correlation coefficient among the pair of characters showed that number of pods per plant had the highest positive direct effect on yield. At last it could be concluded that PSM-3 and PSM5 are best performing varieties for this region according to green pod yield. K e y w o r d s
Evolution of Plasmodium vivax populations in border areas of the Greater Mekong Subregion during malaria elimination

Background: Countries within the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) of Southeast Asia have committed to eliminating malaria by 2030. Although malaria situation has greatly improved, Plasmodium vivax remains at international border regions. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of transmission dynamics, knowledge on the evolution of P. vivax populations after the scale-up of control interventions will guide more effective targeted control efforts. Methods: We investigated genetic diversity and population structures in 206 longitudinally collected P. vivax clinical samples in two international border areas at the China-Myanmar border (CMB, n=50 in 2004 and n=52 in 2016) and western Thailand border (n=50 in 2012 and n=54 in 2015). Parasites were genotyped using 10 microsatellite markers. Results: Despite intensified control efforts, genetic diversity in the four populations remained high (HE = 0.66-0.86). The proportions of polyclonal infections showed substantial decreases to 23.7 and 30.7% in the CMB and western Thailand, respectively, with corresponding decreases in the multiplicity of infection. Consistent with the shrinking map of malaria transmission in the GMS over time, there were also increases in multilocus linkage disequilibrium, suggesting of more fragmented and increasingly inbred parasite populations. There were considerable genetic differentiation and subdivision with the four tested populations. Various degrees of clustering were evident between the older parasite samples collected in 2004 at the CMB with the 2016 CMB and 2012 Thailand populations, suggesting some of these parasites had shared ancestry. In contrast, the 2015 Thailand population was genetically distinctive, which may reflect a process of population replacement. The moderately large effective population sizes and proportions of polyclonal infections highlight the necessity of further coordinated and integrated control efforts on both sides of the borders in the pursuit of malaria elimination. Conclusions: With enhanced control efforts on malaria elimination, P. vivax population in the GMS has fragmented into a limited number of clustered foci, but the presence of large P. vivax reservoirs still sustains genetic diversity and transmission. These findings provide new insights into P. vivax transmission dynamics and population structure in this area.
Border enforcement, aid and migration.

This thesis addresses the issue of policy effects on domestic and international migration, considering in particular the case of Mexican migration. The first essay investigates the effect of U.S. border enforcement on the net flow of Mexican undocumented migration. Such effect is theoretically ambiguous, given that increases in border controls deter prospective migrants from cross ing the border illegally, but lengthen the U.S. permanence of current ones. It estimates border enforcement's net impact on migration inflow using a sample of potential and current illegal migrants. U.S. border enforcement significantly reduces the net flow of undocumented migration. However, the reduction in net flow is more than half the size of the decrease in inflow. The second essay models the short and medium-run impact of aid on migration, considering alternatively the effect of unconditional and conditional cash transfers to financially constrained households. Data from the evaluation of a Mexican development program, Progresa, are used to estimate the effect of the grant on migration. The empirical analysis shows that the program is associated with an increase in international migration, which is also a positive function of the potential transfer size. Conditional grants in the form of secondary school subsidies reduce the short-term migration probability. Progresa does not seem to increase medium-term migration. The final chapter reviews the approaches employed to estimate Treatment on the Treated Effects (TTEs) using experimental data in the presence of non-compliers. It discusses the types of parameters that can be identified using the Progresa data. It uncovers new parameters that have not been estimated so far, based on the fact that a group of eligible households did not receive the program transfer in the initial stages of its implementation. It proposes alternative estimating procedures to identify counterfactuals in the presence of non-compliers for users of the Progresa data. It complements the theoretical part with an empirical application by estimating the effect of Progresa on school enrolment.
The Effect of Polyhydroxy Fullerene Derivative on Human Myeloid Leukemia K562 Cells

The use of nanomedicines for cancer treatment has been widespread. Fullerenes have significant effects in the treatment of solid tumors. Here, we are going to study the effects of hydroxylated fullerene C60(OH)n(n = 18–22) treatment on chronic myeloid leukemia cell proliferation and investigate its toxicity. The results showed that hydroxylated fullerene C60(OH)n (n = 18–22) at low concentrations (less than 120 μM) not only had apparent toxic side effects, but also promoted the growth of K562 cells, while a high concentration of C60(OH)n had different degrees of inhibition on K562 cells. When the concentration is higher than 160 μM, the K562 cells showed morphological changes, the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased, the cell cycle was blocked in the stage of G2-phase, and cell apoptosis occurred, which may cause apoptosis, autophagy, and a variety of other damage leading to cell death. Meanwhile, it also indicated that its inhibition of solid tumors might be related to the tumor microenvironment; we verified the safety of fullerene without apparent cellular toxicity at a specific concentration.