Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Volunteering with the Elderly: Job Expectations of College Students

Institutions of higher education support students’ preparation for careers through volunteer service learning experiences. The benefits of volunteer work for college students is well documented, but a limited numbers of studies have examined the consequences of college student volunteer work in the field of aging. The need for gerontological professionals will continue to rise as the rapid growth of the aging population continues. Although colleges and universities offer gerontology or related majors, many students do not consider working with older adults or studying the psychosocial changes that come with age. The current study investigated whether volunteering in the field of aging affected students’ job-related feelings and desire to work with older adults upon graduation. A convenience sample of college students at a large university in a southern city was utilized. The study included 30 participants who volunteered to work with older adults one hour a day for a total of 30 hours. The results revealed that volunteering with older adults positively influenced students’ desire to be employed in gerontological jobs upon graduation but the results were not statistically significant. However, a statistical significance was found with volunteer work positively influencing college students’ job-related feelings toward working with older adults. Therefore, collegiate programmers need to consider how to incorporate experiential activities that include working with elderly populations if students are to alter presupposed opinions regarding gerontological occupations.
Effects of Biomass Burning on Stratocumulus Droplet Characteristics, Drizzle Rate, and Composition

This study reports on airborne measurements of stratocumulus cloud properties under varying degrees of influence from biomass burning (BB) plumes off the California coast. Data are reported from five total airborne campaigns based in Marina, California, with two of them including influence from wildfires in different areas along the coast of the western United States. The results indicate that subcloud cloud condensation nuclei number concentration and mass concentrations of important aerosol species (organics, sulfate, nitrate) were better correlated with cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) as compared to respective above‐cloud aerosol data. Given that the majority of BB particles resided above cloud tops, this is an important consideration for future work in the region as the data indicate that the subcloud BB particles likely were entrained from the free troposphere. Lower cloud condensation nuclei activation fractions were observed for BB‐impacted clouds as compared to non‐BB clouds due, at least partly, to less hygroscopic aerosols. Relationships between Nd and either droplet effective radius or drizzle rate are preserved regardless of BB influence, indicative of how parameterizations can exhibit consistent skill for varying degrees of BB influence as long as Nd is known. Lastly, the composition of both droplet residual particles and cloud water changed significantly when clouds were impacted by BB plumes, with differences observed for different fire sources stemming largely from effects of plume aging time and dust influence.
Forecaster Perceptions and Climatological Analysis of the Influence of Convective Mode on Tornado Climatology and Warning Success

Tornadogenesis occurs in a variety of storm types, or convective modes, each having a unique climatology and challenges in their detection and warning. Some warnings result in false alarms, meaning that no tornado occurred within the warning polygon. We used a mixed-methods approach to assess how convective mode––discrete supercell, cell in cluster, cell in line, or quasi-linear convective system (QLCS)––affects the tornado climatology and National Weather Service (NWS) procedures within three County Warning Areas (CWAs): Memphis (MEG), Nashville (OHX), and Morristown (MRX), Tennessee. We used three data sets: tornadoes (2003–2014) categorized by convective mode, false alarms (2012–2016) categorized by convective mode, and eleven interviews of NWS forecasters. The CWAs had no significant difference in mode frequency when removing replication from multiple-tornado events. However, when outbreaks were included, discrete supercell and QLCS signals were identified in MEG and OHX, respectively. Convective mode, season, and time of day were strongly associated. Tornadic discrete supercells followed a traditional severe weather pattern of spring and daytime occurrences and caused fewer false alarms. More QLCS tornadoes happened at night and in winter. Cells in lines and clusters accounted for larger proportions of events in the false-alarm data set than the tornado data set. Forecasters noted challenges in detecting tornadoes in convective modes other than discrete supercells, including short-lived QLCS tornadoes. Key forecaster concerns other than convective mode included storm speed, outbreaks, and lack of ground-truthing at night. Forecasters differed in their motivation to either warn on every tornado or avoid false alarms. Key Words: climatology, false alarm, QLCS, supercell, tornado.
Temperature sensitivity of decomposition of soil organic matter fractions increases with their turnover time

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an indicator of soil fertility. Global warming accelerates SOC decomposition, consequently, resulting in land degradation. Characterization of the response of SOC decomposition to temperature is important for predicting land development. A simulation model based on temperature sensitivity (Q10) of SOC decomposition has been used to predict SOC response to climate warming. However, uncertain Q10 leads to substantial uncertainties in the predictions. A major uncertainty comes from the interference of rainfall. To minimize this interference, we sampled surface (0–5 cm) soils along an isohyet across a temperature gradient in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. The Q10 of bulk soil and the four soil fractions, such as light fraction (LightF), particulate organic matter (POM), hydrolyzable fraction (HydrolysF), and recalcitrant fraction (RecalcitF), were studied by 14C dating. Turnover time follows the order: LightF < POM < bulk soil < HydrolysF < RecalcitF. The Q10 follows the order: LightF (1.0) = POM (1.0) < HydrolysF (3.63) < bulk soil (5.93) < RecalcitF (7.46). This indicates that stable fractions are much more sensitive to temperature than labile fractions. We also suggest that protection mechanisms rather than molecular composition regulate SOC turnover. A new concept 'protection sensitivity' of SOC decomposition was proposed. Protection sensitivity relates to protection type and primarily controls Q10 variation. A simulation model based on the Q10 of individual fractions predicted SOC change and land development in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau in the next 100 years much effectively as compared to simulations based on one‐pool model (Q10 = 2) or bulk soil (Q10 = 5.93).
Lateral correlation of sediment facies in the Panuke and Venture fields, Scotian Basin: implications for reservoir connectivity

Gamma logs and conventional core have been correlated in Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous deltaic successions from closely spaced wells in two areas of the Scotian Basin: around the Panuke and Cohasset fields, and the West Venture-Venture fields. In the PanukeCohasset area, the Como P-21, Panuke B-90, Cohasset A-52, Balmoral M-32, and Lawrence D14 wells, located 3–8 km apart, have been correlated in the upper part of the Missisauga Formation and the Cree Member of the Logan Canyon Formation. In the West Venture-Venture area, the West Olympia O-51, West Venture N-91, West Venture C-62, Venture B-52, and Venture H-22 wells, located 2.5 to 11.5 km apart, have been correlated in the Lower Member of the Missisauga Formation. This precise correlation of cores is provided by lithologically similar transgressive surfaces in the form of shelf lag deposits or coals. In both areas, they make effective benchmarks with which to correlate equivalent packages above and below these surfaces, but some transgressive surfaces are of limited extent, and may represent delta progradation and subsequent distributary switching rather than regional changes in sea level. Further correlation indicates that major sandstone packets are laterally correlative (15 km in the Panuke–Cohasset area, and up to 27 km in the West Venture–Venture area), but commonly show lateral changes in lithofacies. For example, at the top of the Missisauga Formation tidal channel sandstones bioturbated by Ophiomorpha at Panuke B-90 pass laterally into thin-bedded by-passing river-mouth turbidites at Cohasset A-52 and thicker bedded delta-front turbidites at Lawrence D-14, over a distance of 15 km. In the Venture Field, lateral continuity is determined by the margins of incised valleys, however continuous sandstone packages that overly the valleys can be correlated up to 27 km, implying that reservoir connectivity may not be limited by the incised valleys. The application of a standard lithofacies scheme in well correlation provided useful information about reservoir shape and conductivity.
Subsurface Drip Lateral Line Depths to Protect against Root Intrusion

Root intrusion into emitters poses a threat to the lifespan of subsurface drip irrigation systems. In an attempt to address this problem, an experiment was conducted on spring wheat (Mengmai 30) grown in soil columns installed in a greenhouse to study the effects of lateral line depths to reduce root intrusion into emitters. The soil columns are rectangular containers, and the dimensions were 15 cm, 60 cm, 100 cm. The soil matric potential at a 20 cm depth immediately over (lateral line depth <20 cm), under (lateral line depth >20 cm), or next to (lateral line depth = 20 cm) the drip emitters was used to schedule the subsurface drip irrigation regime. Five different lateral line depths, with depths of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm, were maintained. The lateral line depths influenced the spring wheat root distribution, emitter flow rate, root intrusion, and spring wheat yield and quality. Results indicated that the shallower the lateral line depth, the more root was distributed in the surface layer. Root density values increased with soil depth. The emitter flow rate (eventual flow rate divided by the initial flow rate) increased as the lateral line depth decreased. All the treatments had root intrusion except 50 cm treatment. Root intrusion increased as the lateral line depth decreased. The lowest root intrusion rate (0%) was achieved with a lateral line depth of 50 cm. The greatest relative yield was achieved with a lateral line depth of 30 cm. After root intrusion and yield were both considered, the lateral line depth of 30–40 cm was a better choice.
Non-linear flow through rockfill embankments

ABSTRACT This article considers experimental data from throughflow investigations conducted on rockfill dams and adds to the state of the art in the study discipline of non-linear flow through rockfill medium, which previously has been limited to permeameter studies. The experimental program consisted of throughflow tests conducted on three different rockfill dam model setups comprising of a large-scale test conducted on a 6 m high homogenous rockfill dam and 1:10 and 1:5 scale models of the same tested in laboratory settings. The test dams were composed of uniformly graded rockfill with median particle sizes ranging from 10.2 to 350 mm. Based on statistical analysis conducted on the experimental data sets, a general non-Darcy type power-law describing non-linear flow through homogenous rockfill dams is proposed. Also, some of the well-known power-law relationships from the available literature are validated employing the experimental data sets.
Sensitivity of land precipitation to surface evapotranspiration: a nonlocal perspective based on water vapor transport

The sensitivity of precipitation over land to surface evapotranspiration (ET) is among the most uncertain issues in land‐atmosphere interactions. Past studies have mostly investigated this issue locally, and it remains a challenge to assess the nonlocal impacts. Here, we use a moisture tracking method and statistical analyses to quantify the sensitivity of precipitation to both local and nonlocal ET. It is found that, in a point‐to‐point sense, boreal summer precipitation is more sensitive to local ET than nonlocal ET for about 2/3 of land areas, while for about 1/5 land areas, precipitation is sensitive to ET of more than 1,000 km away. Remote sensitivities are generally an order of magnitude smaller than local sensitivities, but their combined effect could be large and useful, especially for regions without significant local sensitivities. Future studies of land‐atmosphere interactions should be careful when making local assumptions.
Safeguarding rural Australia : addressing masculinity and violence in rural settings : consequences of violent harm in a rural Australian context : analysis of secondary data analysis

This report is an update of an earlier one produced in January 2010 (see Carrington et al. 2010) which remains as an ePrint through the project’s home page. The report considers extant data which have been sourced with respect to some of the consequences of violent acts, incidents, harms and risky behaviour involving males living in regional and remote Australia and which were available in public data bases at production.
Country-specific determinants of horizontal and vertical intra-industry agri-food trade: the case of Bulgaria and Romania

The article analyses patterns and country-specific determinants of agri-food trade of Bulgaria and Romania with the European Union. As literature focusing on agricultural aspects of the topic is limited, the paper seeks to contribute to the literature by providing up to date results and suggestions as well as by identifying the determinants of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade of the Bulgaria and Romania after EU accession. Results suggest that intra-industry agri-food trade is mainly of vertical nature, referring to trade of different quality products. Results verify that determinants of horizontal and vertical IIT are similar and suggest that economic size and FDI are positively, while factor endowments and distance are negatively related to both sides of IIT. Results are mainly in line with the majority of empirical literature in the field.
Parent motivation to enroll in parenting skills programs: A model of family context and health belief predictors.

In this study, the authors tested a heuristic model of health belief and family context factors associated with parent inclination to enroll in parenting skills programs. They collected data from 1,192 rural midwestern parents of 5th graders. Results support a basic model including health belief constructs derived from the health belief model (I. M. Rosenstock, 1966)-perceived teen problem susceptibility, problem severity, program benefits, and program barriers-and an expanded model incorporating the indirect effects of several family context variables-household income, parent education, number of children, child problem behaviors, and past parenting resource use. Perceived program benefits, program barriers, and past parenting resource use showed the strongest influence on the parents' inclination to enroll. Implications for practitioners are discussed.
Husband alcohol expectancies, drinking, and marital-conflict styles as predictors of severe marital violence among newlywed couples

The prospective effects of husband drinking, husband alcohol expectancies, and couple's marital-conflict style on husband alcohol-related aggression and severe violence in the 1st year of marriage were examined. Drinking predicted alcohol-related aggression, but husband's expectancy that alcohol causes aggression did not. Alcohol expectancies did predict severe violence in the marriage; however, the husband's belief that alcohol causes aggression was negatively related to the amount of severe violence. Alcohol expectancies interacted with marital conflict such that high amounts of severe violence were associated with men in high conflict marriages who did not have the expectancy that alcohol causes aggression. Additionally, in high conflict marriages, husband drinking was related to the amount of severe violence. Results are discussed in terms of alcohol-expectancy measures tapping general constructs of tolerance and attitudes toward antinormative behavior.
An Observational Prospective Study of Maternal Genital Tract Injuries during

The present study was conducted in tertiary care teaching institute. It was a two years study from August 2010 to July 2012. This was carried out to find out the incidence and causes of various types of maternal genital tract injuries during vaginal birth in labour. A total of 2064 cases were analyzed, maternal injuries such as perineal tear and vulval lacerations, vaginal lacerations, cervical tears, Para-urethral tears, vulval hematoma were observed and documented. The overall incidence of maternal injuries in the present study was 255/2064 cases (12.35%).
Stress Infantil e Desempenho Escolar: avaliação de crianças de 1ª a 4ª série de uma escola pública do município de São Paulo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o stress em criancas de 1a a 4a serie, de uma escola publica do municipio de Sao Paulo e ainda comparar a presenca ou ausencia do stress com o respectivo desempenho escolar, das criancas. 342 criancas foram avaliadas pela Escala de Stress Infantil (ESI). O desempenho escolar das criancas foi obtido a partir da media de conceitos (A, B, C, D e E) fornecidos pelos professores, em sete disciplinas. E, para fins de tratamento estatistico, o desempenho escolar passou a se configurar nos seguintes criterios: forte (A), medio (B) e fraco (C). Os resultados nao apontaram diferencas estatisticamente significativas. Porem, os dados mostraram que 30,1% das criancas apresentaram stress e, das criancas estressadas, 38,2% apresentaram desempenho fraco.
Effect of fluoride in drinking water on children's dental caries

Objective To study the relationship between the fluoride in drinking water and the prevalence of children's dental caries,and try to find the suitable concentration of fluoride in drinking water for dental caries prevention.Methods Epidemiologic methods were used to investigate the prevalence of children's dental caries in Xinhua(drinking water fluoride mean and range in mg/L:0.36±0.11,0.19-0.76,children aged 8-13 years old,290) and Wamiao(2.46±0.80,0.57-4.50,222 children aged 8-14 years old). Children were divided into nine subgrouups according to the drinking water fluoride:0 5,0 5-,1 0-,1.5-,2.0-,2.5-,3.0-,3.5 and ≥4.0? mg/L.To explore the dose-response relationship between the drinking water fluoride and the prevalence of children's dental caries,and calculate the BMDL(the Lower-Bound Confidence Limit on BenchMark Dose). Results As the fluoide in drinking water increased the prevalence of children's dental caries reduced gradually when the fluoride in drinking water below 2.72? mg/L,but there were positive relationship when drinking water fluoride over 2.72? mg/L.The dose-response relationship between the fluoride in drinking water and the prevalence of children's dental caries was a U-shape.Considering the complicated cause of dental caries and other sources of dietary fluoride,the RfD(reference value dose)were calculated to be 1.55? mg/L and 1.29? mg/L.Conclusion The suitable concentration of fluoride in drinking water for prevention dental caries was 1.0-1.5? mg/L in the investigated area.
Implementing Prior Learning Assessment to Promote Adult College Completion

This action research case study explores how community college leaders in the U.S. purposefully engaged strategies to gain institutional support for implementing prior learning assessment (PLA) practices. The researcher collaborated with leaders from three community colleges to co-create interventions to support PLA implementation in order to promote adult college completion focused on three key areas: (1) faculty and staff engagement/development; (2) student outreach/support, and; (3) infrastructure, policies/processes. This study used Rogers’ (2003) diffusion of innovations theory to better understand campus-based PLA implementation. Findings show that community college leaders used the following strategies to gain institutional support to implement PLA: (1) engaging cross-functional stakeholders; (2) disseminating knowledge to solidify institutionalization; (3) aligning the innovation to the college’s mission and vision, and; (4) implementing more structure and simplifying processes. Conclusions drawn from this study suggest that a diffusion of an innovation theory model aids in the implementation of PLA. Moreover, the study demonstrates that positionality and creating a reflective, supportive and consistent holding space supports successful PLA implementation. Keywords: prior learning assessment, community colleges, action research, diffusion of innovations, adult learners
First-Generation College Students

This qualitative phenomenological study was conducted to examine the perceived impact of roommate pairings within university housing, specifically the first-generation college students’ residential experience and its influence on their first-year experience. Conducted at a faith-based, liberal arts university in the southeast, this study captured and shared the stories of its participants and their lived experiences as first-generation college students living with randomly assigned continuing-generation roommates. The research question for the study addressed what effect first-generation college students perceive being paired with continuinggeneration students in university housing has on their overall first-year experience. The conceptual framework for this study was guided by Alexander Astin’s inputenvironment-outcome (I-E-O) model. Participants’ generational status defined the input, their residential experience and roommate pairing defined the environment, and an examination of their overall first-year experience defined the outcome. This study used a survey and follow-up semi-structured interviews to capture the impact of roommate pairings as perceived by participants. The participants’ responses were organized and analyzed using the predetermined categories of academic success, social integration, retention, and student development. The primary finding of this study revealed a mixed opinion concerning the perceived impact of pairing roommates of different generational statuses during the first year of college. The results demonstrated: 1) an indirect influence of intergenerational roommate pairings on