Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genotype Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus and Demographic Features of The Patients in The Province of Karabük

ÖZ Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce: Aziz Ahmad Hamidi MD, Karabük University Karabük Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Karabük, Turkey Phone: +90 532 697 40 02 E-mail: azizahmadhamidi@gmail.com ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4108-0847 Re cei ved: 27.06. 2020 Ac cep ted: 30.09. 2020 ©Copyright 2020 by Viral Hepatitis Society / Viral Hepatitis Journal published by Galenos Publishing House. Amaç: Hepatit C virüsü (HCV) infeksiyonu olan olgularda HCV genotip dağılımının belirlenmesi ve hastaların demografik bilgilerin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Hastanemiz mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarında Ocak 2016-Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında HCV genotiplendirmesi yapılan erişkin hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Olguların yaş ve cinsiyeti geriye dönük olarak hastane kayıtlarından incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 169 olgunun %63’ü kadın olup yaş ortalaması 63,4±16,1 idi. Olguların %85,8’inde genotip1b, %4,2’inde genotip 1a, %0,6 2’inde genotip 2, %3’ünde genotip 3 ve %11’inde genotip 4 sapanmıştır. Genotip 1 olgularında yaş ortalaması (62,2±14,6) ve kadın cinsiyeti genotip 1 dışı olgulara göre belirgin olarak yüksek bulunmuştur. Yıllar içinde genotip 1b’de azalma saptanmazken genotip 4’te hafif bir artış belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Genotip 1b en yaygın genotip olarak saptanmıştır. Hastaların ileri yaşta olup kadın cinsiyetinin daha fazla olması epidemiyolojik açıdan dikkati çekmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Genotip, hepatit C virüsü, viral infeksiyon Objectives: It was aimed to determine the distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes among patients who had HCV infection, and to identify the demographic characteristics of these patients. Materials and Methods: Adult patients who underwent HCV genotyping between January 2016 and December 2019 in the microbiological laboratory of our hospital were included in the research. The age and gender of the patients were investigated retrospectively from the hospital registry. Results: 63% of the 169 patients who were included in the study were female and the mean age was 63.4±16.1. It was found out that of the patients, 85.8% were with genotype 1b, 4.2% with genotype 1a and 0.62% with genotype 2, while 3% of them had genotype 3 and 11% of them had genotype 4. It was determined that the mean age (62.2±14.6) and rate of female gender of patients who had genotype 1 was significantly higher than other patients. Whereas genotype 1b did not decline over the years, a slight increase was determined in genotype 4. Conclusion: It was found out that genotype 1b, was to be the most frequent genotype. The fact that most of the patients were female as well as they were elderly is epidemiologically remarkable.
The role of photoionization in negative corona discharge

The effect of photoionization on the negative corona discharge was simulated based on the needle to plane air gaps. The Trichel pulse, pulse train, electron density and the distribution of electric field will be discussed in this manuscript. Effect of photoionization on the magnitude and interval of the first pulse will be discussed for different applied voltages. It is demonstrated that the peak of the first pulse current could be weakened by photoionization and a critical voltage of the first pulse interval influenced by photoionization was given.
PREVALENCE OF RISK FACTORS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS AMONG FEMALES AGED 35 YEARS AND ABOVE IN SAUDI ARABIA

Dr. Manal Abdulaziz Murad 1 , Dr. Ashraf A. Amir 2 , Dr. Hoda Jehad Abousada 3 , Dr. Hussam Mahmoud Baeissa 4 , Dr. Saleh Sameer Ashgar 5 , Dr. Rahaf Abdulaziz Alharbi 6 , Dr. Raghad Abdulaziz Alharbi 7 , Dr. Ghaliah Amin Thiga 8 , Dr. Fatimah Hassan Alzubaidi 9 , Dr. Jameelah Mohammed Alzaheri 10 , Dr. Raffal Taleb Mohammed Fareede 11 , Dr. Muhanna Farhan Al Osaimi 12 , Dr. Seham Salem Almohammadi 13 , Dr. Sama Ahmad Alostaz 14 and Dr. Majd Ali Alghanem 15
THE ONTOLOGY OF ARABIC CURRICULUM AT PESANTREN ATTAHDZIB JOMBANG

Some pesantrens have accommodated the madrasah or formal school education programs, both the curriculum and the learning methods. One of them is pesantren Attahdzib. This article aimed to describe, analyze, and interpret the ontology of Attahdzib Islamic boarding school curriculum, the process of implementing the curriculum, and the problems of its implementation. It was a qualitative research with descriptive analysis. The results showed that the the curriculum was implemented through some methods such as sorogan, bandongan or wetonan, and memorization. There were 2 types of education systems established in pesantren Attahdzib, namely diniyah education, and formal education. The problems faced in the implementation of curriculum were some teachers’ disciplinary problem, the learning evaluation that sometimes considered hard and burden on students, and the formal schools’ extra-activities that sometimes obstructed the pesantren’s teaching and learning process.
Leverage, Corporate Governance and Real Earnings Management: Evidence from Korean Market

Purpose: This study examines how corporate governance (CG) and leverage simultaneously influence real earnings management (REM). Methodology: We employed CG score (CGS), total, short-term, and long-term debt ratios as independent variables, and REM metrics as dependent variables. We include ordinary least-squares (OLS) panel data regressions, residual test, and interaction analysis in our study. Findings: While a significant positive relationship existed between leverage and REM, CG had a negative effect on real manipulations. Our results from the interaction analysis and residual test show that CG is a key player in explaining the relationship between leverage and REM. We also find that firms with a low-level of CG were more likely to conduct REM activities than those with a high-level CG. Research limitations/implications: These results imply that the reduction in opportunistic behavior of managers in the presence of strong CG could decrease the leverage of firms and REM activities and improve the quality of their earnings. Moreover, shareholder rights and audit organizations were the prominent CG characteristics influ-encing REM activities, as they enforce additional monitoring of financial reporting quality and increase audit standards. CG strategies mitigate the corporate corruption scandals through the adoption of high-quality accounting and financial norms in reporting and management. Thus, executives decrease their incentives to conduct REM activities and leverage cannot be used freely as a mechanism to manipulate earnings, given firms’ leverage position is audited and reviewed by the financial committee in firms with strong CG. For future research, the authors suggest including the degree of leverage as a disaggregation sample and adding the degree of cost stickiness. Originality/value: Several studies have investigated either the relationship between (1) REM and leverage, or (2) REM and CG, including leverage as a control variable. Our study, extends this bilateral relationship to simultaneous relationship between leverage, CG, and REM. Moreover, we investigate the predominant CG characteristics that influence the association among leverage and REM. We conduct interaction analysis and residual effect to investigate if CG should be considered as a determinant variable in the recurrence of REM activities of managers. We include firms with high- and low- levels of CG to show which firms are leveraged.
Heat transfer across the wall of dividing wall columns

We address heat transfer across the wall of the dividing wall column. Heat flows through the column are analysed and used to identify regions of the wall at which the horizontal heat transfer has beneficial and detrimental effects. The results of a case study show that energy savings of the order of 10% are possible by installing insulation at the appropriate part of the dividing wall
Capparis Decidua Edgew (Forssk.) Stem Extract Alleviates the Water Stress Perturbations in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) at Early Growth Stage

Water shortage is one of the major limiting factors of crop productivity worldwide. This study was planned to explore the impact of Capparis decidua stem extract on wheat varieties (FSD-2008, 12066 and 13348) under water stress condition. Water deficit condition negatively impacted the seedling germination, growth, photosynthetic pigments and ions uptake capacity. Water limited condition significantly (p≤0.05) increased time to attain 50% germination, lipid peroxidation, H2O2 and enhanced the antioxidant mechanism to overcome the oxidative stress. Different concentrations of C. decidua extract i.e. Not Soaking (NS), 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% were used for seed priming. It improved the negative effects of water stress and amended plant germination and growth by enhancing photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging mechanism. The 20% and 30% C. decidua stem extract remained effective in mitigating the induced water stress effects in the tested cultivars. It was found that C. decidua stem extract significantly (p≤0.05) improved germination, growth Mg +2 and Fe +2 uptake in the wheat varieties under study. It is concluded that C. decidua phytoextract is an influential agent to ameliorate water stress effects in wheat at early growth stage.
Academic Supervision of School Principals and Teacher Performance: A Literature Review

The principal must be able to manage the performance of teachers in his school. In carrying out their responsibilities in managing performance, school principals contribute to improving overall teacher performance in an effort to get better results. The research will be conducted under the title Academic Supervision of School Principals and Teacher Performance. The aim is to find out the extent of the influence of the principal's academic supervision on teacher performance. Education policy must be supported by education practitioners who are at the forefront, namely teachers through their interactions in education. The involvement of all components of education (teachers, principals, communities, and school committees) through good planning and realizing the educational programs that are launched is very necessary. Academic supervision conducted by the Principal has a positive and significant effect on changes in teacher performance. Teacher performance can be improved if the academic supervision of the principal in the form of leadership and supervision is improved.
Online food delivery portals during COVID-19 times: an analysis of changing consumer behavior and expectations

Purpose: This study aims to understand the consumer behavior in the context of online food delivery services that has become crucial for all the players in the market to meet their bottom line, especially given the fact that COVID-19 has altered the mindset of consumers The current perception was addressed and analyzed to understand the trends So, this study examined various parameters such as e-services quality, food quality (FQ), safety measures (SM), customer satisfaction (CS) and customer loyalty (CL) in correlation to each other Design/methodology/approach: An online survey was conducted for users of the online food delivery services to understand the intentions during the month of June 2020 The total number of responses gathered were 201 The responses collected were analyzed based on the constructs formed for the following tests: reliability, convergent and discriminant analysis Also, principal component analysis was performed to ensure that the variables are correlated to each other This ensured that the structural equation model built is valid and of best fit The hypotheses were tested for the discussed variables, and the results were presented accordingly Findings: The research has indicated that FQ plays a vital role for CS which indirectly influences CL Also, the SM adopted by a restaurant and delivery service will help retain their customer base, thus ensuring loyalty Practical implications: The study will help managers of restaurants and online food platforms reorient their business model and framework according to the parameters that affect the mindset of the consumer and also help improve the retention of their customer base Originality/value: This study is original in nature and takes onto account the COVID-19 situation The study provides insights for online food platforms to touch mainly the pain points and insights by the consumer which will aid in developing new strategies for business development and customer retention in the future © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited
Degradation and Metabolite Profiling of Benz (a) Anthracene, Dibenz (a, h) Anthracene and Indeno [1, 2, 3-cd] Pyrene by Aspergillus terricola

ABSTRACT Mycoremediation of low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is well studied. This study highlights the degradation of high molecular weight PAH (HMW-PAHs): Benz (a) anthracene (BAA), Dibenz (a, h) anthracene (DBA), and Indeno pyrene (IND) by Aspergillus terricola var americanus. The metabolism of the HMW-PAHs by this fungus was investigated in liquid submerged culture added with 60 mg/L of each compound. Depletion of BAA, DBA, and IND was 94.80, 90.16, and 93.80%, respectively, after 10 days of culture. Fungal broth solvent extracts were analyzed for the presence of metabolites by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and the extracellular enzymes produced were also assayed. The coexistence of two metabolic pathways, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and ligninolytic pathway were identified. A high laccase activity was observed in BAA cultures on day 4 when compared to other PAH's studied. In conclusion, A. terricola might be a promising fungus for bioremediation of HMW-PAH mixtures co-metabolically.
The Impact of PCAOB Auditing Standard No. 5, the PCAOB Inspection Regime, and the Great Recession on Audit Fees and Audit Quality

We investigate the coinciding effects of the implementation of Auditing Standard No. 5 (AS5), the change in the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board’s (PCAOB) inspection regime, and the Great Recession on the audit fees and audit quality of accelerated filers. AS5 took effect in November 2007 and promulgated a top-down, risk-based audit approach to SOX 404(b) audits of accelerated filers. Concurrently, the PCAOB adopted a stricter approach to its inspections of audit firms, which encouraged them to improve audit quality and reduce audit fees. Moreover, the Great Recession pressured audit firms to reduce fees. We find that, following the three events, audit fees decreased and quality increased for accelerated filers. We also find that audit fees and audit quality increased for non-accelerated filers, although these filers were not directly affected by AS5.
Very Low Carbohydrate Diet Effect on Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Stage-IV Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Patients

Background: The stage-IV Colorectal adenocarcinoma patients who cannot be treated with any conventional cancer treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy) belong to the best supportive care group. Very low carbohydrate diet reduces the glucose supply to the cancer cells through the specific metabolic pathway called the Warburg effect. The cancer cell may “starve” and limit the growth that can be measured by the reduction of the systemic inflammation reaction using modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS). This study aimed to prove that a very low carbohydrate diet may reduce the systemic inflammation score in adenocarcinoma patients with best supportive care. Methods: Randomized controlled trial of two groups, 12 participants in one groupwere given the diet of very low carbohydrate for three weeks, and the other12 participants in control group were given normal diet. All of the participants were given a diet with the amount of calorie according to their respective needs.We measured serum albumin and C Reactive Protein (mGPS) before and after the intervention. Results: We found statistically significant reduction of modified Glasgow Prognostic Score in the intervention group. Conclusion: The growth of the stage-IV colorectal adenocarcinoma measured by the systemic inflammation indicators was reduced by giving very low carbohydrate diet.
Operatıon and Management of Trıcycle (Keke Napep) As a Mean of Publıc Transport in Mınna, Nıgerıa

Tricycle (KEKE NAPEP) as a mean of public transport in Nigeria has come to stay and becoming a dominant mean for public transport in Minna, Nigeria. This paper aimed to assess the operation and management of Tricycle as a means of public transport in Minna. Two separate structured questionnaires were used to collect data on the operators and passengers perceptions on the tricycle operations. The result was subjected to a hypothetical test, using ANOVA and Chi-Square, and descriptive technique as a method of analysis. The findings reveal that a high percentage (38.2%) of KEKE NAPEP ownership is on the hire purchase agreement, and there are high maintenance expenses (67.6%). Also, possible recommendations were provided on how to curb the identified challenges, which include; ACOMORAN should mediate between her members and investors in seeking loans and conclusion of hire purchasing agreement. Furthermore, they should ensure favourable loan tenure for her members; the government should subsidise spare parts and ensure proper road maintenance so that the rates of wear and tear of vehicles part are reduced.
BCD Adder Designs Based on Three-Input XOR and Majority Gates

Lots of emerging techniques can natively realize majority-of-three (MAJ) gates. Although enhanced gates such as exclusive-OR (XOR) gates can be implemented by several MAJ gates, there exists much efficient XOR design which directly derived by the physical attributes of emerging techniques. In this brief, we proposed multi-digit binary coded decimal (BCD) adder designs represented based on three-input exclusive-OR (XOR3) and MAJ gates. BCD adder is widely used in financial, commercial, and industrial computing. We implemented the designs using quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology. The proposed logic representations are validated using different types of binary adders as well as QCA design strategies. The introduction of XOR3 gates is conducive to achieve compact logic representations, which positively affect both the area and delay of QCA layouts. Compared with the existing best designs, the proposed 1-digit BCD adder has 50% less area and 10% less delay, and the 8-digit BCD adder has a $3.42\times $ improvement of area-delay product.
TAX GAP AS A TOOL FOR MEASURING VAT EVASION IN THE EU COUNTRIES

VAT is one of the most decisive tax revenues sources in the EU Member States. Due to financial frauds and insufficient tax system, there is a billion loss of EUR every year in the European budget. The article deals with the impact of the tax evasion on economies of the EU Member States. By applying the top-down approach, we observed tax gaps as a quantifier of tax evasion from 2004 to 2017. The period around the economic crisis in 2009 was examined in more detail, as there was a sharp change in the evolution of tax gaps. We constructed a regression model, which examined the relationship of the tax gap and VAT tax revenues to selected determinants of tax evasion. The results showed that tax gaps in the Member States have been growing every year. We also found that there is an increase in tax revenues, but tax liabilities increase to greater extent.
Dust Accumulation, Heavy Metal Content and Stomata Morphology of Some Medicinal Plants at Rock Quarrying Locations at Lokpaukwu, Nigeria

Aims: This study evaluated the effect of rock quarrying on dust accumulation, heavy metal content and stomata features of some medicinal plants at Lokpaukwu, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: Sample collection was carried out at the quarry sites in Lokpaukwu, followed by laboratory analyses which were conducted in the Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicines and Centre for Energy Research and Development (CERD), University of Nigeria, Nsukka between January and March, 2019. Methodology: Five (5) commonly used medicinal plants were selected and collected from the two pollution sites (A and B). Same species collected 20 km away from the sites served as control. Clearing method was employed in foliar micro-analysis while heavy metal accumulation in the samples was estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results: The study showed considerable variation in dust load among the plants from each study site. This led to some observed physiological anomalies– occlusion of stomata pores, plasmolysis, Original Research Article Ogbonna et al.; IJECC, 10(12): 540-549, 2020; Article no.IJECC. 62679 541 and shrunk epidermal cells. Quantitative stomata parameters were also affected as plants from polluted sites had narrower pores and more number of stomata than the control. Concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Cu) in plants collected from dust polluted sites were also higher than those from the control location. For example, lead and cadmium concentration in most of the plants were in this order: site A > site B > site C. Conclusion: These findings have further validated reports of earlier researchers on the deleterious effects of dust pollution as a result of quarrying activities on plant health. Strict compliance to precautionary and mitigation measures by both the inhabitants and quarry companies are recommended for safer environment and good health.
Mixed extracts of green tea and orange peel encapsulated and impregnated on black tea bag paper to be used as a functional drink

Summary Herbal drinks have been considered among the known groups of functional drinks. The aim of this study was to encapsulate green tea and orange peel extracts using double emulsion followed by complex coacervation to be used in the preparation of a functional drink. All of the microcapsule formulations were spherically prepared without cracks in the walls and their sizes increased by decreasing the ratio of the core to the wall. Microcapsules under the best conditions of this study were used to coat the paper of a bag containing black tea. The results showed that theaflavin and its ratio to thearubigin as the quality indices for black tea have increased in comparison with the sample without encapsulation. This study resulted in the production of encapsulated mixed extracts of green tea and orange peel that can be used later for the preparation of a functional drink.
Do Materialistic Adolescents Ruminate More About Their Social Media Posts?

Previous research suggests that ruminating on social media content is associated with greater mental distress (Yang et al., 2018). This study examined whether materialistic value orientation (MVO)—prioritizing values and goals related to consumerism, consumption, and social status—predicted social media rumination in a sample of diverse adolescents in a two-wave cross-lagged design. A cross-lagged analysis among 119 adolescents indicated that MVO at Wave 1 predicted greater social media rumination 4 months later at Wave 2, but social media rumination at Wave 1 did not predict MVO at Wave 2. Cross-lagged results suggested that MVO may lead to greater social media rumination over time for diverse adolescents. Adolescents with MVO could benefit from interventions to reduce the effects of their need for external validation and maladaptive rumination, as external validation and maladaptive rumination are linked to behaviors and thoughts that can be harmful to mental health.