Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geometric compression of invariant manifolds in neural nets

We study how neural networks compress uninformative input space in models where data lie in $d$ dimensions, but whose label only vary within a linear manifold of dimension $d_\parallel 1$. We test these predictions for a stripe model where boundaries are parallel interfaces ($d_\parallel=1$) as well as for a cylindrical boundary ($d_\parallel=2$). Next we show that compression shapes the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) evolution in time, so that its top eigenvectors become more informative and display a larger projection on the labels. Consequently, kernel learning with the frozen NTK at the end of training outperforms the initial NTK. We confirm these predictions both for a one-hidden layer FC network trained on the stripe model and for a 16-layers CNN trained on MNIST, for which we also find $\beta_\text{Feature}>\beta_\text{Lazy}$. The great similarities found in these two cases support that compression is central to the training of MNIST, and puts forward kernel-PCA on the evolving NTK as a useful diagnostic of compression in deep nets.
Quantifying the trade‐off between carbon sequestration and albedo in midlatitude and high‐latitude North American forests

Afforestation is a viable and widely practiced method of sequestering carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, because of a change in surface albedo, placement of less reflective forests can cause an increase in net‐absorbed radiation and localized surface warming. This effect is enhanced in northern high latitudes where the presence of snow cover exacerbates the albedo difference. Regions where afforestation could provide a climate benefit are determined by comparing net ecosystem production and net radiation differences from afforestation in midlatitude and high latitude of North America. Using the dynamic vegetation model Integrated Biosphere Simulator, agricultural version (Agro‐IBIS), we find a boundary through North America where afforestation results in a positive equivalent carbon balance (cooling) to the south, and a negative equivalent carbon balance (warming) to the north. Including the effects of stand age and fraction cover affect whether a site contributes to mitigating global warming.
Staging Mass Participation Marathons in Heritage Tourism Destinations: Seeing Through the Eyes of Distance Runners

This study attempted to explore how World Heritage sites and mass participation marathons may have an effect on each other. Feedback and comments of marathon runners (N=530) who participated in the World Heritage Himeji Castle Marathon and the Mt. Fuji Marathon were content analyzed to investigate: (a) How runners perceive the image of a World Heritage site featured in a marathon; (b) How is a value proposition that bundles heritage and marathon experiences accepted by runners. The findings showed that despite the featured World Heritage status appearing to be the key element in designing the value proposition, operational elements and social interaction elements also played vital roles in the value cocreation process. Aiming to use heritage tourism resources as a differentiating factor, marathon organizers need to ensure the quality of operational elements and better involve local businesses and residents as active participants.
Response of Pigeonpea Varieties to Time of Sowing During Rabi Season

Pigeonpea is one of the major crops which attract the farmers with its significant yields despite its demand in market. Moreover, full potential from Pigeonpea can be exploited by selecting suitable variety and optimum time of sowing during Rabi . But the information on the optimum date of sowing and suitable variety for Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.)) as post rainy season crop is meagerly available in literature. Hence, the present experiment is aimed to identify the optimum date of sowing and high yielding suitable Pigeonpea variety for Rabi. In this connection, a field experiment on ‘Response of Pigeonpea varieties to time of sowing during Rabi’ is carried out by considering four dates of sowing viz., September second fortnight(D1), October first fortnight(D2), October second fortnight(D3) and November first fortnight(D4) and three varieties viz., LRG- 41(V1), TRG- 22(V2) and ICPL- 85063(V3) using a Randomized Block Design with factorial concept in three replications for three successive years from 2010 to 2013. From the results, it can be inferred that TRG-22 and LRG-41 are better among the varieties suitable for post-rainy season. The second fortnight of September is identified as an optimum time of sowing during post-rainy season.
Aerosol removal and cloud collapse accelerated by supersaturation fluctuations in turbulence

Prior observations have documented the process of cloud cleansing, through which cloudy, polluted air from a continent is slowly transformed into cloudy, clean air typical of a maritime environment. During that process, cloud albedo changes gradually, followed by a sudden reduction in cloud fraction and albedo as drizzle forms and convection changes from closed to open cellular. Experiments in a cloud chamber that generates a turbulent environment show a similar cloud cleansing process followed by rapid cloud collapse. Observations of (1) cloud droplet size distribution, (2) interstitial aerosol size distribution, (3) cloud droplet residual size distribution, and (4) water vapor supersaturation are all consistent with the hypothesis that turbulent fluctuations of supersaturation accelerate the cloud cleansing process and eventual cloud collapse. Decay of the interstitial aerosol concentration occurs slowly at first then more rapidly. The accelerated cleansing occurs when the cloud phase relaxation time exceeds the turbulence correlation time.
Development and validity evidence for the resident-led large group teaching assessment instrument in the United States: a methodological study

Purpose Despite educational mandates to assess resident teaching competence, limited instruments with validity evidence exist for this purpose. Existing instruments do not allow faculty to assess resident-led teaching in a large group format or whether teaching was interactive. This study gathers validity evidence on the use of the Resident-led Large Group Teaching Assessment Instrument (Relate), an instrument used by faculty to assess resident teaching competency. Relate comprises 23 behaviors divided into 6 elements: learning environment, goals and objectives, content of talk, promotion of understanding and retention, session management, and closure. Methods Messick’s unified validity framework was used for this study. Investigators used video recordings of resident-led teaching from 3 pediatric residency programs to develop Relate and a rater guidebook. Faculty were trained on instrument use through frame-of-reference training. Resident teaching at all sites was video-recorded during 2018–2019. Two trained faculty raters assessed each video. Descriptive statistics on performance were obtained. Validity evidence sources include: rater training effect (response process), reliability and variability (internal structure), and impact on Milestones assessment (relations to other variables). Results Forty-eight videos, from 16 residents, were analyzed. Rater training improved inter-rater reliability from 0.04 to 0.64. The Φ-coefficient reliability was 0.50. There was a significant correlation between overall Relate performance and the pediatric teaching Milestone (r=0.34, P=0.019). Conclusion Relate provides validity evidence with sufficient reliability to measure resident-led large-group teaching competence.
Beyond traditional therapies: a network meta-analysis on the treatment efficacy for chronic phantom limb pain.

BACKGROUND Phantom limb pain (PLP) frequently affects individuals with limb amputations. When PLP evolves into its chronic phase, known as chronic PLP, traditional therapies often fall short in providing sufficient relief. The optimal intervention for chronic PLP remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this network meta-analysis (NMA) were to examine the efficacy of different treatments on pain intensity for patients with chronic PLP. EVIDENCE REVIEW We searched Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, and CINAHL EBSCO, focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated interventions such as neuromodulation, neural block, pharmacological methods, and alternative treatments. An NMA was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The primary outcome was pain score improvement, and the secondary outcomes were adverse events. FINDINGS The NMA, incorporating 12 RCTs, indicated that neuromodulation, specifically repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, provided the most substantial pain improvement when compared with placebo/sham groups (mean difference=-2.9 points, 95% CI=-4.62 to -1.18; quality of evidence (QoE): moderate). Pharmacological intervention using morphine was associated with a significant increase in adverse event rate (OR=6.04, 95% CI=2.26 to 16.12; QoE: low). CONCLUSIONS The NMA suggests that neuromodulation using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may be associated with significantly larger pain improvement for chronic PLP. However, the paucity of studies, varying patient characteristics across each trial, and absence of long-term results underscore the necessity for more comprehensive, large-scale RCTs. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023455949.
Assessment of Production and Reproductive Performances of Cattle and Husbandry Practices in Bench-Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

The research was conducted to characterize the performances of cattle, to assess farmer preferences for cattle traits and to identify the husbandry practices and major constraints. Mean for age at puberty age at first services and age at first calving cows was 44.01±11.0 months, 41.47±5.6 months and 50.87±7.0 months, respectively. Average daily milk yield and lactation length was reported 2.06±0.5 liters and 278.03±77.9 days respectively. Source of cattle feeds is natural pasture, crop residues and aftermath. In all the season, wet and dry season cattle were allowed to graze entirely on natural pasture on communal and private grazing land. Rivers springs, borehole water and dam/pond and rain water were the main sources of water for their cattle. Shortage of water was not common and watering frequency cattle usually drink freely per day. Cattle’s house separated and not far from family house at night to protect them from cold, rain, predators. Calves were always housed separated from their dams in a barn constructed as an expansion of the main houses. Uncontrolled breeding is dominantly practiced. The major diseases reported were, trypanosomosis, black leg, anthrax and bovine pasteurellosis in order of their importance. They included shortage of grazing land 73.3%, shortage of feed 51.4% in the months of January, February and March, scarcity of labor 50.8%, and water scarcity 35% low productivity 32.7% and disease 28.8% were the main constraints. The overall livestock production system in the area was identified as crop-livestock (mixed) production management system.
Dietary Patterns and Fertility

Simple Summary The link between diet and fertility has already been unraveled. Lifestyle, in particular a healthy diet, may improve fertility both in men and in women. Worldwide diet has changed, and this condition may partially explain the reduced global fertility rate. This review analyzes the principal different dietary patterns and their influences on fertility. Specifically, the Mediterranean diet seems to have a positive influence on fertility, while the Western diet and Westernized diets (such as Middle Eastern and Asian diets) seem to have a negative influence on fertility. Summarizing the results, a diet rich in saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, animal proteins, and carbohydrates with a high glycemic index is strictly correlated with male and female infertility. On the contrary, a diet rich in plant proteins, vegetables, fruits, and antioxidants (carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, flavonoids, and polyphenols) may improve fertility. The examination of the molecular mechanisms by which different diets impact fertility may lead to more personalized treatments in infertile couples. Moreover, these results may encourage public health policies that promote healthy dietary patterns. Abstract Diet has a key role in the reproductive axis both in males and females. This review aims to analyze the impacts of different dietary patterns on fertility. It appears that the Mediterranean diet has a predominantly protective role against infertility, while the Western diet seems to be a risk factor for infertility. Moreover, we focus attention also on dietary patterns in different countries of the World (Middle Eastern diet, Asian diet). In particular, when analyzing single nutrients, a diet rich in saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, animal proteins, and carbohydrates with high glycemic index is highly associated with male and female infertility. Finally, we evaluate the effects of vegetarian, vegan, and ketogenic diets on fertility, which seem to be still unclear. We believe that comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in infertility will lead to more effective and targeted treatments for infertile couples.
Behavioral log analysis with statistical guarantees

Scalability is a major challenge for existing behavioral log analysis algorithms, which extract finite-state automaton models or temporal properties from logs generated by running systems. In this work we propose to address scalability using statistical tools. The key to our approach is to consider behavioral log analysis as a statistical experiment. Rather than analyzing the entire log, we suggest to analyze only a sample of traces from the log and, most importantly, provide means to compute statistical guarantees for the correctness of the analysis result. We present two example applications of our approach as well as initial evidence for its effectiveness.
How Sentiment Impacts the Success of Blockchain Startups - An Analysis of Social Media Data and Initial Coin Offerings

The blockchain technology is subject to intensive discourse on social media. One example is the promotion of Initial Coin Offerings (ICO) as a new financial instrument for startups. As ICOs are generally low-regulated, potential investors and entrepreneurs are faced with decision-making under uncertainty. This uncertainty might be partially offset by social factors. Based on established behavioral, economic and information systems theory, we investigate how different social media channels are linked to the capitalization of blockchain startups. We present empirical evidence from online search trends, financial data and a corpus of 231,758 tweets related to 524 ICOs. Our results suggest that higher search volume, positive sentiment and the increased use of emotive language on Twitter are linked to a high capitalization. The results are relevant for startups and potential ICO investors.
Stable fixation of an ultra-short femoral neck-preserving hip prosthesis: a 5-year RSA, DXA, and clinical prospective outcome study of 48 patients

Background and purpose We previously showed promising primary stability and preservation of bone stock with the ultra-short neck-loading hip implant in total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcome, implant stability, and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods 50 patients were treated with the ultra-short neck Primoris hip implant at baseline and 48 were available for evaluation at 5-year follow-up. 5 different patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including hip-specific scores, disease-specific and generic quality of life outcome measures, and an activity score were used. Furthermore, implant stability using radiostereometric analysis (RSA) and assessment of periprosthetic BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were applied. Results By 1-year follow-up, all PROMs showed improvements and remained high at 5-year follow-up. After initial distal translation (subsidence) and negative rotation around the z-axis (varus tilt) the implant showed stable fixation at 5-year follow-up with no further migration beyond 12 months. In the regions of interest (ROI) 3 and 4, BMD remained stable. In ROI 2, further bone loss of 12% was found at 5-year follow-up. Conclusion Clinical outcome including PROMs was satisfying throughout the 5-year follow-up period. The hip implant remains stable with both bone preservation and loss 5 years after surgery.
Análisis de la situación actual de la raza de lidia. Conservación de los encastes en peligro de extinción

The lidia breed dates back to the Middle Ages in our country and it is constituted by 5 castas, 16 encastes and 6 genetic lines. In recent years, the lidia cattle has been reduced due to the economic crisis, which has led many farmers to reduce or replace their animals for more profitable breeds. Despite the fact that the breed is not considered endangered by MAGRAMA, a census carried out in 2010 yielded alarming data: 16 encastes in danger of extinction (with less than 1000 cows each). The demonstrated genetic importance of lidia cattle requires a greater coordination between the organisms and entities involved in their exploitation and, at the same time, the establishment of a center for lidia breed study and conservation, with a germplasm bank with a enough volume of genetic material to ensure their survival.
Variability of oxygen requirements in critically ill COVID-19 patients

Background The global scarcity of medical oxygen has proven to be catastrophic during the surges in COVID-19 cases over the past two years, with the heaviest burden felt in low- and middle-income countries. Despite its criticality, data and analyses of oxygen consumption, even for typical clinical cases, are missing. Consequently, planning oxygen needs, particularly with variable surges in COVID-19 cases, has presented a substantial challenge to policymakers and hospital decision-makers. Methods We performed a sub-analysis of the COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium database assessing the oxygen consumption requirements of COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units between February 2020 and October 2021. We calculated descriptive statistics for oxygen flow-rates, stratified by oxygen supplementation method, and developed a multi-state model for estimating the frequency, therapy duration, probability of transition, and number of oxygen therapy modes per patient. Results Overall, 12 429 patients from 35 countries received oxygen support on at least one day of their hospitalisation. Of the patients with measurable flow rates, 6142 received invasive mechanical ventilation, 838 received high-flow nasal oxygen, and 257 received both modalities. The median flow rate for mechanical ventilation was 3.2 L per minute (interquartile range (IQR) = 2.0–4.9), with a median duration of 12 days (IQR = 6–24), while the median flow rate for high-flow nasal cannula was 40 L per minute (IQR = 15–55), with a median duration of three days (IQR = 2-6). Conclusions Oxygen consumption among critical COVID-19 patients varies by mode of delivery (invasive ventilation vs high-flow nasal cannula), across patients, and over treatment duration. Therefore, it is essential that health facilities routinely monitor oxygen utilization to better inform oxygen delivery system design and regular supply planning. Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: CTG2021-01 ACTRN12620000421932.
Les transformations de la végétation du bassin parisien par la modélisation des données polliniques holocènes

La synthese palynologique du Bassin parisien repose sur un corpus de 91 sequences de fonds de vallees qui resume l’histoire de la vegetation holocene regionale. Parmi elles, 22 ont ete utilisees pour reconstruire quantitativement le couvert vegetal, en utilisant un nouveau modele de reconstitution des paysages, REVEALS. Il corrige la relation non lineaire entre pollen et vegetation et permet ainsi de convertir les assemblages polliniques en surfaces de couverture relatives aux differents taxons vegetaux. Les dynamiques de ces plantes, ou groupes de plantes, reconstituent alors l’evolution de la structure des paysages du Bassin parisien durant l’Holocene.
Effect of Biological and Chemical phosphorus Fertilizers on yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) in different water stress conditions

The effects of biological fertilizer and chemical phosphorus fertilizer in different irrigation (water stress)on yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) were studied in a field experiment at Tehran university . A factorial split experiment based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications was followed in the study. Water stress treatmentsin three levels (irrigation after 75mm (normal irrigation(a1)), 100mm (moderate stress (a2)) and 125mm (sever stress(a)) evaporation from A class pan were the main plots, and two levels of biological fertilizers (application(b1) and non application(b2) ) together with chemical phosphorus fertilizers in four levels (0 (c1),75 (c2),150 (c3) and 225 (c4) kg/ha) as the factorial were sub plots. Results indicated that biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers had a significant influence on growth, yield and yield components however cob diameter and ear length was not significantly affected by utilization of chemical phosphorus fertilizers and biological fertilizer s. The result showed that different irrigation and interaction between irrigation and biological fertilizers had significant effect on number of grain per ear.Results showed that applying the combined chemical phosphorus fertilizer with biological fertilizer can be practical and helpful method to increase maize yield and reduce the environmental pollution.
Major trauma in working-age adults in New Zealand.

AIM To describe the demographic and injury profile of major trauma among 20-65-year-old New Zealanders. METHODS A retrospective analysis of routinely collected data from the New Zealand Major Trauma Registry for the period 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2020 was conducted. Sex, age and ethnicity-based rates were then calculated using census-based population estimates to compare the rates of injury across different demographic groups. RESULTS Of the 4,186 major trauma incidents among 20-65-year-olds in New Zealand during the 3-year period reviewed, 235 died (5.6%). Males accounted for 77% of those injured. Māori (New Zealand's Indigenous population) had significantly higher rates of major trauma (79.2 per 100,000; 95% confidence interval [CI] 74.4-84.3) compared to non-Māori (44.4 per 100,000; 95% CI 42.9-46.0). The most common cause of injury was transport-related incidents (63%; n=2,632/4,186), followed by falls (19%; n=788/4,186). CONCLUSIONS Demographic characteristics have a significant relationship with major trauma injuries among 20-65-year-old New Zealanders. Continued injury prevention efforts focussing on males, Māori and transport incidents are required. Interventions that improve the safety of roads, such as lane separators, speed limits and raised intersections, should be implemented in high-crash-risk areas to reduce risk.