Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association study between disrupted in schizophrenia 1(DISC1)gene polymorphism and schizophrenic and different subtype depressive patients

Objective To explore the association between disrupted in schizophrenia 1(DISC1) gene polymorphism and schizophrenia and different subtype depression.To verify if DISC1 gene is the common predisposing gene for schizophrenia and depression.Methods The genotypes and alleles in 260 cases of schizophrenic patients,96 cases of depressive patients with psychotic symptoms,124 cases of depressive patients without psychotic symptoms,and 100 normal controls were examined with polymerase chain reaction(PCR),denaturing polyacrylamide gel elcctmphoresis separation technique.The association was analyzed between DISC1 gene single nncleotide polymorphisms(SNP) locus rs821616 and schizophrenia and different subtype depression.Results The frequeneies of the genotypes T/T,A/T,and A/A were 3.5%,28.0%and 69.5%respectively,the frequencies of alleles T and A were 9.6%and 90.4% respectively in schizophrenia group.The frequencies of the genotypes T/T,A/T,and A/A were 3.1%,24.0% and 72.9% respectively,the frequencies of alleles T and A were 15.6% and 84.4% respectively in depression 1 group;The frequencies of the genotypes T/T,A/T,and A/A were 2.4%,23.4% and 74.2% respectively,the frequencies of alleles T and A were 15.3% and 84.7% respectively in depression 2 group;The frequencies ofthe genotypes T/T,A/T,and A/A were 1.0%,16.0% and 83.0% respectively,the frequencies of alleles T and A were 17.0% and 83.0% respectively in control group.There were significant differences in the frequencies of the genotypes (Chi-Square=8.072,P=0.045)and alleles(Chi-Square=8.564,P=0.036) of DISC1 gene among the four groups with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test.After pairwise comparison each other in the four groups we found that there were significant differences in the frequencies of the genotypes(Z=-2.802,P=0.005)and alleles(Z=-2.837,P=0.005) of DISC1 gene between patients with schizophrenia and normal controls with non-parametric Mann-Whitney test(two-tailed),there were no significant differences between other groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Our results suggest that DISC1 gene polymorphism is associated with schizophrenia significantly,but it is not associated with different subtype depression.This finding do not support the viewpoint that DISC1 gene is the common predisposing gene for schizophrenia and depression. Key words: Schizophrenia; Depression; DISC1 gene; Polymorphism; Association study
Impact of varying densities of jungle rice on rice productivity

In order to assess the impact of varying densities of jungle rice (Echinochloa colona) on rice, a field experiment was conducted at Directorate of Weed Science Research, Jabalpur farm in Kharif 2005 and 2006. With increasing population density of E. colona from 50 to 400 plants/m2, there was a significant reduction in LAI, biomass production as well as grain yield of rice due to competition from weed plants for growth factors like light, nutrients and space etc. The reduction in dry matter was to the tune of 32% with a E. colona density of 400 plants/m2 as compared to pure rice crop. Though the chlorophyll content of rice decreased with increasing density of E. colona but it maintained a higher chlorophyll content than E. colona. The increasing densities of E. colona significantly decreased various yield attributes of rice with the effect being more drastic on effective tillers/m2. The reduction in grain yield varied from 48 to 86% as the density of E. colona increased from 50 to 400 plants/m2.
Nutritional Effects of Soybean Root Architecture in a Maize/Soybean Intercropping System

In the present study, two soybean genotypes differing in root architecture were employed to evaluate the effects of soybean root architecture on N and P nutrient status and crop growth in a maize/soybean intercropping system. The results showed that land equivalent ratio (LER), biomass and N/P content of crops significantly increased in the maize/soybean intercropping system. LER was also higher in maize intercropped with Baxi10, the soybean genotype with a shallow root system, than that in maize intercropped with Bendi2, the soybean genotype with a deep root system, indicating that soybean root architecture may play an important role in the maize/soybean intercropping system. The greater LER in the legume-grass intercropping system (such as the maize/soybean intercropping system) could be mainly attributed to the greater N uptake as indicated by the competition ratio of maize to soybean (CRms), while the differences in LER between maize intercropped with different soybean genotypes might have resulted from different soil P uptake. Soybean genotype with a shallower root system was advantageous not only for soil P uptake but also for N uptake by both crops.
Analysis of Simple Cave Communities Ill. Control of Abundance

In several cave-stream populations of Stygonectes spinatus and Gammarus minus, but not Asellus holsingeri, there was a large drop in abundance during spring high water. A long-lasting rather than short-term distributional change, this drop in abundance occurred despite the fact that the amount of food available is greatest during spring high water. Stygonectes species are less abundant than G. minus, largely because of the former's higher washout rate. This explains the rather difficult-to-grasp fact that the older cave species are less common. Experiments in an artificial stream indicate that washout rate is density- dependent, at least in G. minus, with some density-independent washout occurring under extreme environmental conditions. Washout is increased by increasing current velocity, increasing density, decreasing the size of the animals, or reducing the amount of available food.
Excitatory amino acid-evoked release of endogenous adenosine from rat neocortex.

Excitatory amino acids (EAAs) are neurotransmitters in the neocortex; they have also been implicated in excitotoxic neuronal death during hypoxia/ischemia, hypoglycemia, and seizures. It has been suggested that the inhibitory neuromodulator, adenosine, protects against EAA-mediated neurotoxicity. (A) Both K$\sp{+}$ and glutamate released adenosine from cortical slices; NMDA, kainate and quisqualate also evoked receptor-mediated release of adenosine. K$\sp{+}$-evoked adenosine release was diminished in Ca$\sp{2+}$-free medium, while EAA agonist-evoked release was not, although kainate appeared to release adenosine from separate Ca$\sp{2+}$-dependent and independent pools. K$\sp{+}$-evoked adenosine release was partly mediated indirectly through the release of an endogenous EAA acting at NMDA receptors; ($\sp3$H) NA release was not. NMDA was 33 times more potent at releasing adenosine than ($\sp3$H) NA. NMDA-evoked ($\sp3$H) NA release was abolished by TTX, indicating that action potentials were essential; TTX only decreased adenosine release by 35%. Block of adenosine release by the uncompetitive antagonist, Mg$\sp{2+}$, was overcome by high concentrations of NMDA; block of ($\sp3$H) NA release was not overcome by high NMDA concentrations. These results suggest that maximal adenosine release requires activation of only a small fraction of available NMDA receptors (i.e. there are spare receptors for NMDA-evoked adenosine release). Released adenosine may not be neuroprotective against NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity; however, it may provide an inhibitory threshold that must be overcome before NMDA-mediated neurotransmission can proceed maximally. Adenosine may help to maintain the selectivity of NMDA-mediated processes. (B) The EAA receptors mediating adenosine release are not located on presynaptic terminals because EAA agonists did not release adenosine from cortical synaptosomes. However, L-glutamate did release adenosine but this was mediated by the Na$\sp{+}$-dependent transport of glutamate into the synaptosomes and not by EAA receptors. Unlike cortical slices, adenosine released from synaptosomes by glutamate was derived from a released nucleotide (not ATP or cyclic AMP). This non-receptor-mediated process was not observed in intact cortical slices, possibly because it is overwhelmed by receptor-mediated release. Nevertheless, this adenosine arises directly from glutamatergic nerve terminals so that it would be in an appropriate location to act at inhibitory presynaptic receptors and inhibit further release of glutamate.
Studies on the Acyl Glycosides from Leucoseptrum japonicum (MIQ.) KITAMURA et MURATA

Two new acyl glycosides, leucosceptosides A (IV) and B (V), have been isolated from Leucosceptrum japonicum (MIQ.) KITAMURA et MURATA, together with martynoside (III), acteoside (I) and an acteoside isomer (II). The structures of IV and V were determined to be 2-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethyl) 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-(4-O-caffeyl)-glucopyranoside and 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylethyl) 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl (1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, respectively, on the basis of chemical and spectral data.
EFFECT OF RHIZOBIUM STRAINS AND PHOSPHORUS ON GROWTH OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) AND SURVIVAL OF RHIZOBIUM AND P SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA

Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of Rhizobium leguminosarum strains (TAL-377, TAL-379 and TAL-102) alone and in combination with Phosphorus on soybean. The parameters studied were survival of Rhizobium at pod filling stage and after harvesting, and root/ shoot dry and fresh weight of soybean under natural condition. Surface stererilized soybean seeds var. NARC-4 were sown in earthen pots filled with soil and sand 1:3. Phosphorus (P) was applied as single super phosphate (SSP) at the time of sowing in the soil. Soybean seeds were inoculated with Rhizobium strains as seed coating just before sowing. The effect of growth was highly significant (α 0.05) with an increase in root/shoot dry and fresh weight in plants with mixture of Rhizobium inoculums with phosphorus on soybean. Among three strains TAL-102 performed well as compared to TAL-377 and 379 Rhizobium strains. The CFU count of Rhizobium and P solubilizing bacteria was found maximum both at pod filling and after harvesting stage when Rhizobium strains and P was applied in mixed culture. A mixture of effective strains with phosphorus is a promising way for enhancing the growth of legume crops.
Population Dynamics of Reba Carp Cirrhinus Reba From Indus River, Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan

Present work was done from Indus River, Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan to evaluate the present stock of Cirrhinus reba Suhni (Reba carp) for first time. Since the assessment of stocks deliver the important knowledge of stocks of commercially important fish species to the fisheries managers to make better strategic plans for sustainable exploitation. Data based on length-frequency was obtained from October 2015 to March 2016, a total of 463 pairs of length-weight were measured. Minimum length was measured to 13cm, maximum length was 29cm and the average length of 17cm was measured with minimum weight of 15g, maximum weight of224g and67g was the average weight. Obtained results of length-weight relationship wereR = 0.817, a = 0.037 and b = 2.557. Growth parameters were computed as L∞ = 29.40 cmandk = 0.240year using ELEFAN method in FISAT computer package. Growth performance index (∅) was calculated as∅ = 2.317year. Total mortality Z, natural mortality M and fishing mortality F was estimated asZ = 0.630year, M= 0.617yearandF=0.012year respectively. Using (E = F/Z) the exploitation ratio was obtained as E=0.019year. Current fishing mortality rate of 0.012 was smaller than the target biological reference points (Fopt) of M (0.617). While MSY was recorded as; 8.144 tonsyear-1 which showed the higher results than 0.031 tons year-1ofcurrent catch. This study concluded that the C. reba confronting poor health though the stocks found not to be overexploited in the region. Key-words: Stock Assessment, Crirrhinus reba, Growth, Biological Reference Points, Length-Weight Relationship, Mortality INTRODUCTION Pakistan freshwaters are home of About 186 inland fish species (Khan et al.,2008). Amongst them Palla (Taenualosa ilisha),Rohu (Labeo rohita), Dahi (Labeo calbasu), Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Morakhi (Cirrhinus cirrhosus), Thaila (Gibelion catla), Mahseer (Tor putitora) Mundha/Shakur (Amiacalva), Silver carp (Hypophthhalmichthys molitrix), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), Khagga (Rita rita), Seengara (Sperata sarwari), tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), Reba carp (Cirrhinus reba) have most significant commercial values (Khan et al., 2008). In comparison of mutton, beef and chicken fish meat is considered as safe, healthy diet and one of the main sources of protein, swifter fat, vitamins and minerals (Astawan 2004). Many of the fishermen families rely economically on fisheries (MFD 2012), about 180000 people depends for their livelihood on fisheries sector (Fourth National Report 2009). *Author for Corresponding: <khadim.memon@salu.edu. pk>, 1College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266003, P.R China, 2Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan ©2020 Zoological Society of Bangladesh DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v48i1. 47878
Persistence of Endosulfan Residues In/On Knol-Khol (Brassica Caulorapa L,) At Medium Altitude Hills

The spraying of endosulfan 0.075, 0.1 and 0.2 percent resulted into average deposits of 7.5, 10.6 and 15.3 ppm on knobs and 13.2, 46.3 and 61.8 on leaves respectivley. These deposits reached below tolerance level of 2 ppm in 7–10 days. The half life values ranged from 1.3 to 3.3 days and waiting period from 2.5 to 9.6 days in field condition. When knobs were stored in a room and in fridge the persistence of endosulfan was longer than field condition. Washing and cooking could mitigate the residues below tolerance level only at 0.07% concentration.
The impact of Hurricane Hugo on forest frogs in Puerto Rico

Hurricane Hugo caused extensive damage to the Luquillo Experimental Forest in September 1989. Individually marked Eleutherodactylus coqui were monitored in two study plots from January 1987 through October 1990. Survivorship estimates of adults for the period including the storm were within the normal range from previous years. Juveniles suffered severe reductions, primarily among the smaller size classes. By October 1990 adult population density had increased fourfold over prehurricane levels, although adults were smaller. Juvenile numbers also appeared to be increasing, but had not yet reached prehurricane densities. The rapid increase in density may have resulted from an increase in retreat sites and a decrease in invertebrate predators. Auditory censuses suggested that density changes for other species ranged from a 14 percent increase for the relatively common E. hedricki to an 83 percent decrease for the relatively rare E. richmondi.
Metabolism of Squamate Reptiles: Allometric and Ecological Relationships

We used multiple regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between metabolic rate and three independent variables-mass, temperature, and standard or resting state-for squamate reptiles. For comparisons among adults of different species, mass raised to the . 80 power explains 88% of the variation in metabolic rate. (The .80 mass exponent is significantly greater than the .75 predicted by theoretical considerations.) A further 8% of the variation in metabolic rate is explained by body temperature and whether the lizard is in a standard or resting metabolic state. Residuals were used to determine whether metabolic rates varied as a function of phylogenetic relationship or ecological grouping. Familial associations explained 16% of the variation in metabolic rate for varanids, lacertids, iguanids, colubrids, scincids, xantusiids, gekkonids, and boids. More variation (45%) was explained when lizards were partitioned into four ecological categories: day-active predators, hervibores, reclusive predators, and fossorial predators. A single equation relating metabolic rate to mass is thus inappropriate to estimate the metabolism of squamates. For intraspecific comparisons, the mass exponents of the relationship between metabolic rate and mass are significantly lower than . 80 for 25 of 28 data sets. Estimating the metabolic rates of juvenile squamates from equations based on comparisons among species is thus invalid. Moreover, there is significant variability among mass exponents among the 14 species that met the statistical requirements for analysis of covariance, and a common mass exponent cannot be assumed for intraspecific comparisons.
IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOMATOLACTIN CELLS IN THE PITUITARY GLAND OF THE CARP FISH (CYPRINUS CARPIO)

Somatolactin (SL) cells were immnuocytochemicaly identified and localized using Avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC), as well as ultrastructurally characterized in the pituitary gland of the carp fish (Cyprinus carpio). The results indicated that SL-immunoreactive (ir) cells showed strong and specific cytoplasmic granular immunoreactivity to antiserum for goldfish SL, but were negative to periodic acid Schiff reagent. The distribution of SL-ir cells were restricted to the area of pars intermedia (PI) in carp fish adenohypohysis and were organized in two forms 1) discontinuous cell cords surrounding the neurohypophyseal branches and 2) small groups or isolated cells in between the parenchyma of the PI. The SL-ir cells were polygonal, triangular or spindle-shaped with many cytoplasmic processes. The nucleus of SL cells was large in size, spherical and contained a prominent nucleolus. Ultrastructurally, SL cells were irregularly outlined with elongated processes directed towards the neurohypophysis or blood vessels. The secretory granules were heterogeneous in shape and size, with high or medium electron-dense material. Some granules were fused to form polymorphic or irregular mass characteristic of SL cells. The SL cells showed highly developed rER with parallel cisternae and euchromatic nucleus indicated high active protein secreting cells.
Vertical Circulation and Release of Kinetic Energy during the Development of Hurricane Hazel into an Extratropical Storm

The thermal structure of the atmosphere over the eastern and central parts of the U. S. on October 15, 1954, when the tropical hurricane “Hazel” entered the American continent and rapidly was transformed into an extratropical cyclone of great intensity, is analyzed by the aid of upper air charts and vertical cross sections. The field of divergence and vertical velocity is determined from the horizontal wind field at different levels for the synoptic time October 15, 1500 GCT, and the results are used for computing the precipitation in the region of strongest ascent of the warm and moist air of the tropical disturbance and for a determination of the release of kinetic energy in the whole region due to vertical solenoidal circulations associated with the general sinking of the cold polar air masses and the simultaneous ascent of the warm tropical air masses. The production of kinetic energy is also computed directly from the work done by the horizontal pressure forces in the same area. Both methods give a production of kinetic energy of about 19 times 10 10 kilojoules or 19 times 10 20 ergs per second over an area 366 times 10 4 km 2 large. Only a small part of the energy released is again dissipated due to friction in the same area, whereas the essential part is exported outwards from the source region, thus furnishing the surrounding atmosphere with large amounts of kinetic energy. In the last section some general conclusions are made concerning the budget of kinetic energy in the whole Northern Hemisphere, considering the net effect of the disturbances in the westerlies, the mean meridional circulations, the mean meridional flux of kinetic energy and the frictional dissipation. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1958. tb01982.x
Usages et mésusages des sclérosants veineux et analyse de disproportionnalité des effets indésirables dans la base de pharmacovigilance de l'OMS

La classe therapeutique des sclerosants veineux (SV) est utilisee en France dans le traitement des complications de l’insuffisance veineuse. Suite a la survenue d’effets indesirables graves, une reevaluation benefice-risque de cette classe therapeutique a ete initiee en fevrier 2017 par l’ANSM. Lors d’un precedent rapport, un usage hors-AMM de l’Aetoxisclerol® (polidocanol), le principal SV utilise en France, a ete identifie. Afin de quantifier et de preciser ce mesusage, nous avons realise un questionnaire qui a ete envoye aux pharmacies a usage interieur de tous les etablissements de sante en France. Il a permis de mettre en evidence un fort mesusage des SV dans des indications telles que le traitement des varices œsophagiennes, des malformations vasculaires et des varicoceles en particulier avec les hauts dosages. Il existe dans le monde de nombreuses substances qui sont utilisees en tant que SV (polidocanol, tetradecyl sulfate de sodium, ethanolamine, glycerine chromee…). Ils sont consideres comme egalement efficaces mais leur profil de tolerance n’a jamais ete compare. Nous avons donc effectue une analyse de disproportionnalite a partir de la base de pharmacovigilance de l’OMS, qui nous a permis de comparer les signaux de pharmacovigilance associes entre chaque SV et plusieurs effets indesirables d’interet. Nous avons mis en evidence une association plus importante entre les evenements thrombo-emboliques (veineux ou arteriels), les troubles neurologiques et visuels ainsi que les arythmies cardiaques avec le polidocanol, alors que le tetradecyl sulfate de sodium est associe a plus de reactions allergiques et d’ulcerations cutanees.
Species Diversity and the Community Characteristics of Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forest in Longwang Mountain

Species diversity of plant communities in Longwang Mountain was studied by using seperately 2 index of richness index( R1,R2),diversity indices( D,H) and evenness index( J1,J2). The results showed that the deciduous broad-leaved forest in this area had rich plant species. Among them,the number of shrub species were the most and the herb were the least. It totaled 54 families,91genera and 140 species( including variations)of vascular plant species. The vertical structure of community was relatively beautifully layered which could be divided into tree layer,shrub layer,herb layer,and a definite number of interstratum plants besides. The dominant species in tree and herb layer were quite obvious,but the dominant species in the shrub layer of the differences was the opposite. The change trend of richness index( R1and R2) 、diversity index( D and H) and evenness index( J1and J2) were the same( shrub layer tree layer herb layer). T-test results showed that the differences of the species richness and diversity between all layers were significantly. The evenness index between the shrub layer and the other layers has no significant difference,while the evenness index of the tree and shrub layer were relatively significant.