Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disclosure of enterprises' environmental violations: evidence from Chinese public supervision

Environmental violation by enterprises is a common problem in environmental management worldwide. To restrict enterprises' environmental pollution behaviors, China has implemented a public supervision system based on environmental information publicity, which guides the public to participate in environmental governance and supervises enterprises' environmental pollution behaviors. This study exploits a quasi-natural experiment based on the disclosure policy of the Pollution Information Transparency Index in China from 2008 and the difference-in-differences method to evaluate the disclosure effect of public supervision on enterprises' environmental violations, and to examine its environmental benefits and their realization path. We find that the public supervision system is conducive to the disclosure of enterprises' environmental violations. At the same time, public supervision has achieved the expected environmental benefits, mainly realized by reducing enterprises' output to reduce polluting emissions, and this mechanism is more obvious for high-polluting enterprises.
Interferometric measurement of tropospheric phase fluctuations at 86 GHz on antenna spacings of 24 m to 288 m

Measurements with the IRAM interferometer of tropospheric phase fluctuations at 86 MHz, on baselines 24-288 m, are reported. The data are used to derive phase structure function vs. baseline length, Allan variance and one-dimensional temporal phase power spectra. On average, the phase variance has a (baseline) 1.42 dependence, with the power law index changing between day and night. The one-dimensional phase power spectra vary with temporal frequency f as f -2.1 . The Fourier transform of the phase time series on a single baseline gives the approximate phase behaviour on other baselines
EXTREME DUST DISKS IN Arp 220 AS REVEALED BY ALMA

We present new images of Arp 220 from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array with the highest combination of frequency (691 GHz) and resolution (0.″36 × 0.″20) ever obtained for this prototypical ultraluminous infrared galaxy. The western nucleus is revealed to contain warm (200 K) dust that is optically thick (τ434 μm = 5.3), while the eastern nucleus is cooler (80 K) and somewhat less opaque (τ434 μm = 1.7). We derive full width at half-maximum diameters of 76 × ⩽ 70 pc and 123 × 79 pc for the western and eastern nucleus, respectively. The two nuclei combined account for ( (calibration) (systematic))% of the total infrared luminosity of Arp 220. The luminosity surface density of the western nucleus ( in units of L☉ kpc−2) appears sufficiently high to require the presence of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) or a “hot starburst,” although the exact value depends sensitively on the brightness distribution adopted for the source. Although the role of any central AGN remains open, the inferred mean gas column densities of (0.6–1.8) × 1025 cm−2 mean that any AGN in Arp 220 must be Compton-thick.
Une bijection simple pour les cartes orientables

Cori et Vauquelin ont montre que les cartes planaires pointees sont en bijection avec les arbres bien etiquetes. Dans le present article, nous presentons une bijection plus simple dans ce cas planaire et qui s'etend en genre superieur. De plus cette bijection nous permet de montrer que la distribution des etiquettes des arbres bien etiquetes s'interprete comme la distribution des distances a la racine dans les quadrangulations biparties. On obtient ainsi un modele simple pour un probleme de distances dans des geometries aleatoires etudie en physique mathematique.
FAR-INFRARED LINE SPECTRA OF ACTIVE GALAXIES FROM THE HERSCHEL/PACS SPECTROMETER: THE COMPLETE DATABASE

We present a coherent database of spectroscopic observations of far-IR fine-structure lines from the Herschel/Photoconductor Array Camera and Spectrometer archive for a sample of 170 local active galactic nuclei (AGNs), plus a comparison sample of 20 starburst galaxies and 43 dwarf galaxies. Published Spitzer/IRS and Herschel/SPIRE line fluxes are included to extend our database to the full 10–600 μm spectral range. The observations are compared to a set of Cloudy photoionization models to estimate the above physical quantities through different diagnostic diagrams. We confirm the presence of a stratification of gas density in the emission regions of the galaxies, which increases with the ionization potential of the emission lines. The new [O iv] /[O iii] versus [Ne iii] /[Ne ii] diagram is proposed as the best diagnostic to separate (1) AGN activity from any kind of star formation and (2) low-metallicity dwarf galaxies from starburst galaxies. Current stellar atmosphere models fail to reproduce the observed [O iv] /[O iii] ratios, which are much higher when compared to the predicted values. Finally, the ([Ne iii] + [Ne ii] )/([S iv] +[S iii] ) ratio is proposed as a promising metallicity tracer to be used in obscured objects, where optical lines fail to accurately measure the metallicity. The diagnostic power of mid- to far-infrared spectroscopy shown here for local galaxies will be of crucial importance to study galaxy evolution during the dust-obscured phase at the peak of the star formation and black hole accretion activity ( ). This study will be addressed by future deep spectroscopic surveys with present and forthcoming facilities such as the James Webb Space Telescope, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, and the Space Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics.
Comprehensive Structure of the Female Marine Water-Strider Asclepios annandalei Distant, 1915 from Pranburi River Estuary, Thailand: New Information for the Genus Asclepios

The objective of this study was to describe the structure and histochemistry of the systemic organs in the female marine water-strider Asclepios annandalei from Pranburi river estuary, Thailand. Results from this study revealed for the first time that the integumentary system of this species consisted of three layers including epicuticle, exocuticle and endocuticle. The muscular system apparently contained only skeletal muscle along the body. In the urinary system, we observed well-developed Malpighian tubules, each of which was covered with the simple cuboidal epitheliums. These epitheliums also contained the secretory granules that were reacted positively with periodic acid Schiff (PAS). The digestive system of this species was composed of three distinct parts including foregut, midgut and hindgut. The respiratory system was composed of the respiratory organ, which was rarely found near the integument system. This organ was lined with a simple squamous epithelium. Two regions of nervous system, i.e., frontal ganglion connected to the eye structure and ventral nerve cord, were found. Each ganglion basically consisted of two layers, outer cortex and inner medullae. The outer cortex contained three types of cells, including neurosecretory cells, neuroglial cells and neurons. The cytoplasmic inclusion of neurosecretory cells contained secretory granules, which reacted positively with PAS, indicating the presence the glycoprotein. The neuroglia and neuron were also observed in the inner medullae layer. The female reproductive system (the ovarian structure, the reproductive tract and the accessory organ) of this gerrid species was seen under histological sections. The well-developed integument system and Malpighian tubule as well as the abundant respiratory organ is a characteristic of this species, which might be useful for the adaption to the estuarine condition.
Satellite galaxies in hydrodynamical simulations of Milky Way sized galaxies

Collisionless simulations of the CDM cosmology predict a plethora of dark matter substructures in the halos of Milky Way sized galaxies, yet the number of known luminous satellites galaxies is very much smaller, a discrepancy that has become known as the ‘missing satellite problem’. The most massive substructures have been shown to be plausibly the hosts of the brightest satellites, but it remains unclear which processes prevent star formation in the many other, purely dark substructures. We use highresolution hydrodynamic simulations of the formation of Milky Way sized galaxies in order to test how well such self-consistent models of structure formation match the observed properties of the Galaxy’s satellite population. For the first time, we include in such calculations feedback from cosmic rays injected into the star forming gas by supernovae as well as the energy input from supermassive black holes growing at the Milky Way’s centre and its progenitor systems. We find that non-thermal particle populations quite strongly suppress the star formation efficiency of the smallest galaxies. In fact, our cosmic ray model is able to reproduce the observed faint-end of the satellite luminosity function, while models that include only the effects of cosmic reionization, or galactic winds, do significantly worse. Our simulated satellite population approximately matches available kinematic data on the satellites and their observed spatial distribution. We conclude that a proper resolution of the missing satellite problem likely requires the inclusion of non-standard physics for regulating star formation in the smallest halos, and that cosmic reionization alone may not be sufficient.
INTERNAL DYNAMICS AND MEMBERSHIP OF THE NGC 3603 YOUNG CLUSTER FROM MICROARCSECOND ASTROMETRY

We have analyzed two epochs of HST/WFPC2 observations of the young Galactic starburst cluster in NGC 3603 with the aim to study its internal dynamics and stellar population. Relative proper motions measured over 10.15 yrs of more than 800 stars enable us to distinguish cluster members from field stars. The best-fitting isochrone yields AV = 4.6–4.7 mag, a distance of 6.6–6.9 kpc, and an age of 1 Myr for NGC 3603 Young Cluster (NYC). We identify pre-main-sequence/main-sequence transition stars located in the short-lived radiative–convective gap, which in the NYC occurs in the mass range 3.5–3.8 M☉. We also identify a sparse population of stars with an age of 4 Myr, which appear to be the lower mass counterparts to previously discovered blue supergiants located in the giant H ii region NGC 3603. For the first time, we are able to measure the internal velocity dispersion of a starburst cluster from 234 stars with I < 18.5 mag to σpm1D = 141 ± 27μas yr−1 (4.5 ± 0.8 km s−1 at a distance of 6.75 kpc). As stars with masses between 1.7 and 9 M☉ all exhibit the same velocity dispersion, the cluster stars have not yet reached equipartition of kinetic energy (i.e., the cluster is not in virial equilibrium). The results highlight the power of combining high-precision astrometry and photometry, and emphasize the role of NYC as a benchmark object for testing stellar evolution models and dynamical models for young clusters, and as a template for extragalactic starburst clusters.
Understanding the nature of luminous red galaxies (LRGs): connecting LRGs to central and satellite subhaloes

We develop a novel abundance matching method to construct a mock catalog of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) in SDSS, using catalogs of halos and subhalos in N-body simulations for a LCDM model. Motivated by observations suggesting that LRGs are passively-evolving, massive early-type galaxies with a typical age >5Gyr, we assume that simulated halos at z=2 (z2-halo) are progenitors for LRG-host subhalos observed today, and we label the most tightly bound particles in each progenitor z2-halo as LRG ``stars''. We then identify the subhalos containing these stars to z=0.3 (SDSS redshift) in descending order of the masses of z2-halos until the comoving number density of the matched subhalos becomes comparable to the measured number density of SDSS LRGs, n=10^{-4} (h/Mpc)^3. Once the above prescription is determined, our only free parameter is the number density of halos identified at z=2 and this parameter is fixed to match the observed number density at z = 0.3. By tracing subsequent merging and assembly histories of each progenitor z2-halo, we can directly compute, from the mock catalog, the distributions of central and satellite LRGs and their internal motions in each host halo at z=0.3. While the SDSS LRGs are galaxies selected by the magnitude and color cuts from the SDSS images and are not necessarily a stellar-mass-selected sample, our mock catalog reproduces a host of SDSS measurements: the halo occupation distribution for central and satellite LRGs, the projected auto-correlation function of LRGs, the cross-correlation of LRGs with shapes of background galaxies (LRG-galaxy weak lensing), and the nonlinear redshift-space distortion effect, the Finger-of-God effect, in the angle-averaged redshift-space power spectrum.
Internet-Mediated Technologies and Mixed Methods Research: Problems and Prospects

This article provides an examination of a range of mixed methods research projects that employ Internet-mediated technologies (IMT) for data collection. Using a case study approach, this article allows for the uncovering of a process by which IMTare used as a data collection medium in mixed methods praxis. Under the theoretical position of medium theory, the impact of how going online and changing the ‘‘mode’’ of traditional research will be explored. Advantages, drawbacks, as well as ethical issues that emerge for mixed methods using the online medium are highlighted throughout the article. Finally, implications and directions for future research using IMTare discussed.
A Unifying Field in Logics: Neutrosophic Logic.

The author makes an introduction to non-standard analysis, then extends the dialectics to neutrosophy  which became a new branch of philosophy. This new concept helps in generalizing the intuitionistic, paraconsistent, dialetheism, fuzzy logic to neutrosophic logic  which is the first logic that comprises paradoxes and distinguishes between relative and absolute truth. Similarly, the fuzzy set is generalized to neutrosophic set. Also, the classical and imprecise probabilities are generalized to neutrosophic probability.
An Assessment of the Transition to Virtual Learning in the OECS

This project employed a descriptive survey design to understand the characteristics of education systems and practitioners in the OECS in the application of virtual teaching as a response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The findings outline some of the major challenges associated with regional efforts to successfully integrate ICTs in education. There appears to be consensus that Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) can well support ambitions for improving equity of access to education, as well as the quality and the relevance of education. What this assessment reveals, is that there is wide disparity in the region with respect to approaches to adopting and adapting to VLEs. // This paper places emphasis on the importance of teachers’ online pedagogical skills and technological skills as essentials to the successful implementation of technological interventions. It also explores the question of what constitutes an effective VLE and applied a technology matrix to evaluate the effectiveness of e-platforms employed during the transition to online instruction in the OECS. Broadly, this research presents a snapshot of what the experience has been in the OECS region with the rapid transition to online learning. Generally, the findings reveal that as was the case with many other countries the education systems of the OECS were inadequately poised to transition smoothly to online learning.
Mass–density relationship in molecular cloud clumps

We study the mass–density relationship n ∝ mx in molecular cloud condensations (clumps), considering various equipartition relations between their gravitational, kinetic, internal and magnetic energies. Clumps are described statistically, with a density distribution that reflects a lognormal probability density function in turbulent cold interstellar medium. The clump mass–density exponent x derived at different scales L varies in most of the cases within the range −2.5 ≲x≲−0.2, with a pronounced scale dependence and in consistency with observations. When derived from the global size–mass relationship for set of clumps, generated at all scales, the clump mass–density exponent has typical values −3.0 ≲x(γglob) ≲−0.3 that depend on the forms of energy, included in the equipartition relations, and on the velocity scaling law, whereas the description of clump geometry is important when magnetic energy is taken into account.
Longitudinal Relationships Between Social Connection, Agency, and Emotional Well-Being: A 13-Year Study

ABSTRACT Social connection and agency are typically conceptualized as antecedents of well-being, yet the relative contributions of each for well-being are not yet well known. Moreover, whether or not well-being can lead to social connection and agency has not received sufficient research attention. In the present study, we test longitudinal effects of social connection, agency, and emotional well-being over a time span encompassing 13-years and four quadrennial measurement waves (total N = 22,980). Controlling for age and gender, random-intercept cross-lagged structural equation modelling suggested that earlier emotional well-being significantly predicted future agency and social connection. Similarly, earlier agency predicted future emotional well-being and social connection. However, contrary to previous findings, earlier social connection did not significantly predict emotional well-being or agency in the future. These results suggest that building emotional well-being, in addition to agency, may lead to the best social, emotional and cognitive well-being outcomes.
Guided-wave frequency doubling in surface periodically poled lithium niobate: competing effects

We carried out second-harmonic generation in quasi-phase-matched α-phase lithium niobate channel waveguides realized by proton exchange and surface periodic poling. Owing to a limited ferroelectric domain depth, we could observe the interplay between second-harmonic generation and self-phase modulation due to cascading and cubic effects, resulting in a nonlinear resonance shift. Data reduction allowed us to evaluate both the quadratic nonlinearity in the near infrared as well as the depth of the uninverted domains.
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: A Review of a Rare Case of Biventricular Phenotype

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a rare hereditary structural heart disease, with various phenotypes, which mostly affects the right ventricle of the heart, resulting in fibrofatty replacement of the heart muscles and a proclivity to create spontaneous malignant cardiac arrhythmias that may lead to sudden death. Most previous reports were noted on young people. We report a case of its biventricular phenotype in a 61-year-old heavy truck driver who has a current medical history of diabetes mellitus and smoking and was incidentally diagnosed based on the Padua criteria after presenting to the hospital with complaints of lightheadedness and syncope. He eventually had an implantable cardioverter defibrillator, hence preventing death. We were able to correctly diagnose the case and prevent sudden cardiac death by instituting the necessary management.
Correlation of Circadian Rhythms of Heart Rate Variability Indices with Stress, Mood, and Sleep Status in Female Medical Workers with Night Shifts

Purpose Heart rate variability (HRV) indices have been used as stress indicators. Rare studies investigated the associations of circadian rhythms of the HRV indices with the stress, mood, and sleep conditions in populations under stress. Methods In total 257 female participants (203 shift workers and 54 non-shift workers) were included. All the participants completed a structured questionnaire to assess the stress, mood, and sleep conditions and performed 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram monitoring on the day away from shifts. Using epochs of 1-min or 5-min beat-to-beat intervals, the HRV indices (SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, LF/HF, and LFnu, SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2) were plotted as a function of time and fitted into cosine periodic curves, respectively. Three mathematical parameters based on the cosine periodic curves were extracted, MESOR (M, overall averages of the cosine curve), amplitude (A, amplitude of the peak of the cosine curve), and acrophase (θ, latency to the peak) to quantify the circadian rhythms of the HRV indices. Multivariable linear regression models were used to reveal the associations of these parameters with the clinical assessments of stress, mood, or sleep conditions, as well as with the 24-h averages of the HRV indices. Results The parameters M and A of SDNN, RMSSD, LF, and HF, and θ of LF/HF and LFnu significantly differ between shift and non-shift workers. The parameter θ of LF/HF positively correlates with the severity of stress and anxiety. The parameter A of LF/HF and LFnu also positively correlates with daytime sleepiness and sleep fragmentation. In addition, the parameters M and A instead of θ of SDNN, RMSSD, LF, LF/HF, and LFnu significantly correlate with the 24-h averages of HRV indices. Conclusion The circadian rhythms of the HRV indices over 24 hours can, to some extent, predict the severity of stress, emotion and sleep conditions in female populations under stress.
Board Diversity, Sustainability Report Disclosure and Firm Value

Based on inconsistent with previous research, this study aims to prove the effect of the board of directors’ diversity factors on the firm value through the sustainability report disclosure as the mediating variables empirically, this study aims to prove the effect of the board of director’s diversity factors on the firm value through the sustainability report disclosure as the mediating variables empirically. The multiple linear regression is performed on the financial data of 256 non-financial firms on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample was determined using the purposive sampling method. This study found that sustainability report disclosure can mediate the board of directors’ effect on tenure and nationality diversity’s effect on the firm value. This study combines several boards of directors’ diversity factors into one, consisting of gender, age, tenure, educational level, and nationality, and empirically proves the theories used in this study.