Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the robustness of multilateration of ionoacoustic signals for localization of the Bragg peak at pre-clinical proton beam energies in water

Objectives. The energy deposited in a medium by a pulsed proton beam results in the emission of thermoacoustic waves, also called ionoacoustics (IA). The proton beam stopping position (Bragg peak) can be retrieved from a time-of-flight analysis (ToF) of IA signals acquired at different sensor locations (multilateration). This work aimed to assess the robustness of multilateration methods in proton beams at pre-clinical energies for the development of a small animal irradiator. Approach. The accuracy of multilateration performed using different algorithms; namely, time of arrival and time difference of arrival, was investigated in-silico for ideal point sources in the presence of realistic uncertainties on the ToF estimation and ionoacoustic signals generated by a 20 MeV pulsed proton beam stopped in a homogeneous water phantom. The localisation accuracy was further investigated experimentally based on two different measurements with pulsed monoenergetic proton beams at energies of 20 and 22 MeV. Main results. It was found that the localisation accuracy mainly depends on the position of the acoustic detectors relative to the proton beam due to spatial variation of the error on the ToF estimation. By optimally positioning the sensors to reduce the ToF error, the Bragg peak could be located in-silico with an accuracy better than 90 μm (2% error). Localisation errors going up to 1 mm were observed experimentally due to inaccurate knowledge of the sensor positions and noisy ionoacoustic signals. Significance. This study gives a first overview of the implementation of different multilateration methods for ionoacoustics-based Bragg peak localisation in two- and three-dimensions at pre-clinical energies. Different sources of uncertainty were investigated, and their impact on the localisation accuracy was quantified in-silico and experimentally.
The Snapdragon Genomes Reveal the Evolutionary Dynamics of the S-Locus Supergene

Abstract The genus Antirrhinum has been used as a model to study self-incompatibility extensively. The multi-allelic S-locus, carrying a pistil S-RNase and dozens of S-locus F-box (SLF) genes, underlies the genetic control of self-incompatibility (SI) in Antirrhinum hispanicum. However, there have been limited studies on the genomic organization of the S-locus supergene due to a lack of high-quality genomic data. Here, we present the chromosome-level reference and haplotype-resolved genome assemblies of a self-incompatible A. hispanicum line, AhS7S8. For the first time, 2 complete A. hispanicum S-haplotypes spanning ∼1.2 Mb and containing a total of 32 SLFs were reconstructed, whereas most of the SLFs derived from retroelement-mediated proximal or tandem duplication ∼122 Mya. Back then, the S-RNase gene and incipient SLFs came into linkage to form the pro-type of type-1 S-locus in the common ancestor of eudicots. Furthermore, we detected a pleiotropic cis-transcription factor (TF) associated with regulating the expression of SLFs, and two miRNAs may control the expression of this TF. Interspecific S-locus and intraspecific S-haplotype comparisons revealed the dynamic nature and polymorphism of the S-locus supergene mediated by continuous gene duplication, segmental translocation or loss, and TE-mediated transposition events. Our data provide an excellent resource for future research on the evolutionary studies of the S-RNase-based self-incompatibility system.
The coverage of indicators of sensitive and specific intervention programs and prevalence of stunting under-five children: A cross-sectional study in Aceh Province, Indonesia.

Background: The prevalence of stunting children under-five in Aceh Province is still high due to multiple factors, including the sub-optimal coverage of intervention programs. Aim: This study aimed at finding out the correlation between the coverage of indicators of sensitive and specific intervention programs with prevalence of stunting in Aceh. Methods: A cross-sectional design analyzed secondary data from the Indonesia nutritional status survey and program coverage data in 13 regencies/cities in Aceh Province. The dependent variable was the prevalence of stunting. Meanwhile, the independent variable covered 20 sensitive and specific intervention program indicators. We apply STATA 16 to analyze the correlation between sensitive and specific coverage and stunting prevalence. Results: The coverage of indicators of pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency (CED) receiving supplementary feeding, young children with diarrhea receiving zinc supplementation, parents taking parenting classes, and participation in the health insurance program had a significant correlation with prevalence stunting in Aceh (r = -0.57; r = -0.50; r = -0.65; and r = -0.60). Conclusion: Intervention measures to avert childhood stunting in Aceh should include strengthening supplementary feeding programs for mothers and toddlers, supplementation to prevent toddler diarrhea, and counseling parents on parenting and health insurance.
JAK inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis

ABSTRACT Introduction JAK (Janus kinase) is a type of non-receptor tyrosine kinase that includes JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and Tyk2. Currently, there are five JAK inhibitors approved for treating rheumatoid arthritis. These inhibitors vary in their selectivity for different JAK isoforms. Area covered This review outlines the mode of actions and the results of Phase III trials of the JAK inhibitors which have been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert commentary JAK inhibitors have the potential to finely tune immunity and inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The in vitro data indicates that IL-6 signaling is suppressed by all JAK inhibitors, while tofacitinib exhibits the most extensive suppression of cytokines via the JAK pathway. Peficitinib suppresses common gamma cytokines, and filgotinib suppresses interferon. Furthermore, baricitinib and upadacitinib appear to be inclined toward suppressing interferon and the IL-12 family. Despite their specific target profiles, any of these drugs can inhibit other JAKs if their blood levels surpass a certain threshold. As a result, predicting in vivo selectivity remains a challenging task. JAK inhibitor seems to be a vital treatment option for difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis patients, and it is expected that precision medicine approaches will enhance its effectiveness in the future.
Shortcomings of reusing species interaction networks created by different sets of researchers

Given the requisite cost associated with observing species interactions, ecologists often reuse species interaction networks created by different sets of researchers to test their hypotheses regarding how ecological processes drive network topology. Yet, topological properties identified across these networks may not be sufficiently attributable to ecological processes alone as often assumed. Instead, much of the totality of topological differences between networks—topological heterogeneity—could be due to variations in research designs and approaches that different researchers use to create each species interaction network. To evaluate the degree to which this topological heterogeneity is present in available ecological networks, we first compared the amount of topological heterogeneity across 723 species interaction networks created by different sets of researchers with the amount quantified from non-ecological networks known to be constructed following more consistent approaches. Then, to further test whether the topological heterogeneity was due to differences in study designs, and not only to inherent variation within ecological networks, we compared the amount of topological heterogeneity between species interaction networks created by the same sets of researchers (i.e., networks from the same publication) with the amount quantified between networks that were each from a unique publication source. We found that species interaction networks are highly topologically heterogeneous: while species interaction networks from the same publication are much more topologically similar to each other than interaction networks that are from a unique publication, they still show at least twice as much heterogeneity as any category of non-ecological networks that we tested. Altogether, our findings suggest that extra care is necessary to effectively analyze species interaction networks created by different researchers, perhaps by controlling for the publication source of each network.
Validation of direct CT measurement of malrotation in femoral neck fractures: A bone model study

Background While postoperative malrotation in the subtrochanteric region is a well-known problem, malrotation after osteosynthesis in proximal femoral fractures has not been extensively studied. In this context, many methods for perioperatively assessment of femoral torsion have been described, but none of them is applicable in the basicervical region of the proximal femur. As an important difference in femoral neck fractures, the discontinuous neck fails to serve as a significant “pointer” for measurements and malfunctions to be placed in relation to the condylar plane. Considering postoperative maltorsion at any location as a substantial negative effect on patients’ outcome and functional expectations, precise and patient-friendly rotation measurement standards in femoral neck fractures are desired in clinical practice. Recently, a novel computed tomography (CT) based geometric technique was described named “direct measurement” with promising results covering this diagnostic disparity, but still requires validation. Thus, we aimed to validate the previously described technique using a controlled range of displacement in a femoral neck fracture Sawbone® model. Methods and findings A goniometer was designed to set retro- and anteversion of the proximal femur in a reproducible manner. Prospectively, all femurs underwent a CT scan and were measured 3D for displacement. The interclass correlation between the CT measurements and the goniometer measurements was calculated and was found to be very high (1.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.99–1.00; p < 0.001). For the mean of all measurements, the Pearson’s correlation was 1.00 (p < 0.001). No significant differences in the measurements of both investigators were observed, with 20° of retroversion not significant (-1.20 ± 1.71; 95% confidence interval: -2.43–0.03; p = 0.054). Conclusion This CT-based 3D measurement technique may allow for perioperative malrotation assessment in basicervical femoral neck fractures and appears to be feasible in femoral neck fractures when it comes to rare cases of osteosynthesis. Further investigations are still needed to define the thresholds of malrotation provoking functional impairment after osteosynthesis in basicervical femoral neck fractures.
Can the positive buffer the negative? Testing the impact of protective childhood experiences on adjustment in adults following trauma exposure

ABSTRACT Background It is unclear if protective childhood experiences (PCEs), like emotional support and economic stability, exert influence on adulthood adjustment. Prior research suggests PCEs can promote childhood resilience through increased social connection. In contrast, research has demonstrated potential life-long negative impacts of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on psychological health. This study examined the role of PCEs and ACEs in psychological symptoms following potentially traumatic events (PTE) in adults. Methods Participants (N = 128) were adults admitted to two Level 1 Trauma Centers following violence, motor-vehicle crashes, or other accidents. Participants reported childhood experiences and completed assessments of depression, PTSD, and social support at one, four, and nine months post-PTE. Results Structural Equation Modeling was used to simultaneously model PCEs and ACEs as predictors of psychological symptoms over time, with potential mediation through social support. PCEs overall did not directly affect psychological symptoms nor indirectly through social support. However, the emotional support component of PCEs had an indirect effect on psychological symptoms at baseline through social support. ACEs predicted greater psychological symptoms at baseline and over time. Conclusion PCEs consisting of childhood emotional support indirectly promote adjustment in adults after PTEs through initial social support, while ACEs exert direct effects on psychological symptoms.
WELL-POSEDNESS FOR TWO TYPES OF GENERALIZED KELLER-SEGEL SYSTEM OF CHEMOTAXIS IN CRITICAL BESOV SPACES

In this paper, we study two types of generalized Keller-Segel system of chemotaxis. We establish the global existence and uniqueness of solutions to the semilinear Keller-Segel system of doubly parabolic type and the nonlinear nonlocal type Keller-Segel system with data in Besov spaces. Moreover, we prove the stability of solution to the first type. Our main tools are the $L^p-L^q$ estimates for $e^{-t(-\triangle)^{\theta/2}}$ in Besov spaces and the perturbation of linearization.
Operational Weather radar in the United States : Progress and opportunity

Abstract The NEXRAD operational system consisting of a network of WSR—88D radars is now operational within the 50 states, as well as Puerto Rico and Guam. This technology has been enthusiastically received by weather forecasters in all regions and climatic regimes of the country. Improvements in short—term weather forecasting and nowcasting have resulted, but the potential for further improvement is also great. Many of the advantages of the system are associated with its quantitative and precise digital data, but problems related to accuracy of precipitation estimation, contamination of Doppler radar products by ground clutter, and the range folding of velocity data all deserve attention. These problems and others are being addressed by the Operational Support Facility of the triagencies: the National Weather Service, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the Department of Defense. Further improvements to the system, in both hardware and software, will greatly enhance its capabilities for the future. T.
Aerosol stratification, optical properties and radiative forcing in Venice (Italy) during ADRIEX

This study presents ground‐based measurements of aerosol optical properties and solar radiation performed in Venice (Italy) within the Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact Experiment (ADRIEX). The measurement site is of particular interest due to its location at the eastern border of the polluted Po Valley and constituting the northern edge of the Mediterranean basin. Lidar observations showed a stratified structure of aerosols in the lower troposphere (0–4 km), with more than 40% of the aerosol optical depth due to aerosol above the local planetary boundary layer (about 1 km thick). Different aerosol vertical distributions and optical and microphysical properties were observed to develop under the influence of the various advection regimes encountered during ADRIEX. Sunphotometer measurements indicated fine particles (radius < 1 µm) as dominating the light extinction, confirming the main aerosol source in the region as anthropogenic. Photometric data also revealed a relatively low aerosol absorption (i.e. a single‐scattering albedo > 0.92 at 440 nm), this being comparable to those found in other urban/industrial sites in Europe and USA, and slightly lower than those characterizing central America and Asia. Overall, the aerosol optical properties measured at Venice during ADRIEX translate into a summertime mean daily aerosol forcing between − 10 and − 14 W m−2 at the surface and between − 4 and − 8 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation

Modern web services use in-memory caching extensively to increase throughput and reduce latency. There have been several workload analyses of production systems that have fueled research in improving the effectiveness of in-memory caching systems. However, the coverage is still sparse considering the wide spectrum of industrial cache use cases. In this work, we signiﬁcantly further the understanding of real-world cache workloads by collecting production traces from 153 in-memory cache clusters at Twitter, sifting through over 80 TB of data, and sometimes interpreting the workloads in the context of the business logic behind them. We perform a comprehensive analysis to characterize cache workloads based on trafﬁc pattern, time-to-live (TTL), popularity distribution, and size distribution. A ﬁne-grained view of different work-loads uncover the diversity of use cases: many are far more write-heavy or more skewed than previously shown and some display unique temporal patterns. We also observe that TTL is an important and sometimes deﬁning parameter of cache working sets. Our simulations show that ideal replacement strategy in production caches can be surprising, for example, FIFO works the best for a large number of workloads.
Output feedback stabilization of systems with non-linear actuators

An output feedback controller is developed to provide stabilization for feedback-linearizable systems with asymptotically-stable non-linear actuators. The controller consists of a globally-bounded state feedback and a high-gain observer. It is established that if the actuator dynamics are sufficiently fast, then the developed output feedback controller will stabilize the origin of the closed-loop system regardless of how fast the observer is. A simulation example is included to illustrate the developed theory.
Prominence fine structures in a magnetic equilibrium. III. Lyman continuum in 2D configurations

Aims. We discuss the behaviour of the Lyman continuum profiles studied on the gr id of 2D vertical-thread models for prominence fine structures. Methods. Multilevel non-LTE transfer calculations for a 12-level plus continuum hydrogen model atom are used. Results. Since the Lyman continuum is formed in regions with different temperatures for different orientations between the magnetic field direction and the line-of sight our Lyman con tinuum modelling, together with additional information from Lyman lines, represents a very useful tool for the determination of the thread structure. Conclusions. A comparison between our theoretical Lyman continuum models between 800 A and 911 A with the observed values shows that such a modelling can give interesting new constraints on the temperature structure in prominence threads.
Distribution of the magnetic anisotropy energy of an array of self-ordered co nanodots deposited on vicinal Au(111) : X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements and theory

S. Rohart,1 V. Repain,1 A. Tejeda,1 P. Ohresser,2 F. Scheurer,3 P. Bencok,4 J. Ferre,5 and S. Rousset1 1Laboratoire Materiaux et Phenomenes Quantiques, Universite Paris 7, UMR CNRS 7162, case 7021, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris, France 2Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation du Rayonnement Electromagnetique, Universite Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 130, bâtiment 209D, 91400 Orsay, France 3Institut de Physique et Chimie des Materiaux de Strasbourg, UPR CNRS 7504, 23 rue de Loess, 67037 Strasbourg, France 4European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Boite Postale 220, 38043 Grenoble, France 5Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Universite Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8502, 91405 Orsay, France Received 6 September 2005; revised manuscript received 22 November 2005; published 17 April 2006
Thermal force on aerosol particles

With a method previously applied to thermal transpiration and planar radiometric force, the force on a spherical aerosol particle in a gas which sustains a temperature gradient is analyzed. Expressions for thermal force and thermal velocity span all values of the particle Knudsen number and show the effect of imperfect accommodation. The results are compared with other theories and with experimental data.
FIAMM return persistence analysis and the determinants of the fees charged

ABSTRACT Since the sixties, many classification techniques both from statistics and other scientific disciplines have been used to predict corporate failure. Multivariate linear discriminant analysis, however, continues to be one of the main reference methods principally because it is easy to apply and interpret. AdaBoost is a machine learning technique which works by combining a large number of simple classifiers to achieve a high level of accuracy in classification problems. Although the efficiency of this method has been proved in various application fields, it is unknown in the economic-business area. The aim of this study is to present AdaBoost as a classification technique which can be successfully used in failure forecasting. Correspondingly, it has been applied to a sample of 1.180 Spanish firms and has proved to be more accurate than discriminant analysis.
logical reasoning type - Explain or Resolve

state-of-the-art models on these two testing sets, and ﬁnd recent powerful transformer-based pre-trained language models have an excellent ability to exploit the biases in the dataset but have difﬁculty in understanding and reasoning given the non-biased data with low performance close to or slightly better than random guess. These results show there is a long way to equip deep learning models with real logical reasoning abilities. We hope this work would inspire more research in future to adopt similar split technique and evaluation scheme when reporting their model performance. We also show by ﬁrst ﬁne-tuning on a large-scale dataset RACE then ﬁne-tuning on ReClor, the models could obtain signiﬁcant improvement, showing the potential of transfer learning to solve reasoning tasks.
Ohmic Processing: Temperature Dependent Electrical Conductivities of Lemon Juice

Development of new technologies for thermal food treatment is still of great industrial and scientific interest. Ohmic heating is one of these new technologies. In this study, lemon juice was heated on a laboratory scale static ohmic at different voltage gradients in the range of 30–55V/cm. The voltage gradient was statistically significant on the ohmic heating rates for lemon juice (P < 0.05). Measurements were made from 20 to 74oC and showed a linear increase in electrical conductivity values with increasing temperature. The ohmic heating system performance coefficients were in the range of 0.54–0.92.
Efficacy of mechanical, cultural and chemical methods on weed suppression and yield of lentil

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2007–08 and 2008–09 on the mollisols of Pantnagar (Uttrakhand). Twelve treatments consisted of two tillage practices (zero and conventional), two varieties (small seeded-Pant L-4 and bold seeded- Pant L-5) and three levels of weed management (weedy check, hand weeding, (HW) 30 DAS and pendimethalin 1 kg/ha as PRE) were set out in split plot design keeping tillage practices and variety in the main plot and weed management practices in sub plots with four replications. Results revealed that zero tillage recorded higher weeds density viz, Cyperus rotundus and total dry matter of weeds per unit area than that of conventional tillage. Weed density and dry weight remained unaffected under both the varieties. Hand weeding done at 30 DAS controlled the weeds more effectively than PRE application of pendimethalin 1 kg/ha. Conventional tillage out yielded zero tillage. Most of the yields attributing characters were higher in conventional tillage. Small seeded variety Pant L-4 gave significantly higher grain yield than that of bold seeded Pant L-5 during both the years. HW 30 DAS and PRE application of pendimethalin 1 kg/ha being on par produced significantly more grain yield of lentil than weedy check during the first year at 30 DAS out yielded remaining weed management practices.