Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence of increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes and ketoacidosis among children in the Republic of Srpska in period 2017–2022 with special focus on COVID-19 global pandemic years

Background and objectives Primary focus of the research was to determine the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the period from 2017 to 2022, and whether COVID-19 had an impact on the increase in the number of newly diagnosed children with diabetes type 1 under the age of 15 in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina). In the period 2001–2016 the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus was 11/100,000, with an annual increasing rate of 14.2%. Methods Available data from pediatric endocrinology clinics, in the Republic of Srpska, on the number of newly diagnosed patients with diabetes mellitus in the period from January 1, 2017 until December 31, 2022 were used. A retrospective analysis was performed, and the capture-recapture method was used for the final assessment, and the obtained result corresponds to about 99% of the population. Results The total number of children in the group of 0–14 years of age diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus in this period was 183, of which 96 (52.46%) were boys, and 87 (47.54%) were girls. The average age at which diabetes mellitus was diagnosed was 8.3 ± 3.9 years. Average incidence of diabetes in the period 2017–2022 was 19/100,000 (95% CI 13.1–25.0). The highest incidence was 28.7/100,000 in 2020, the first year of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Out of a total of 183 newly diagnosed cases in the period 2017–2022, 73 (39.9%) were diagnosed with ketoacidosis upon admission. The largest number of newly diagnosed children was recorded in the group of children aged 10–14 years. Conclusion In the last 6 years, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children under the age of 15. With an incidence of 19.4/100,000 in the Republic of Srpska, we entered the group of countries with high-risk for diabetes. Further steps must focus on the education of the entire society in order to recognize the symptoms of the disease in time and prevent the occurrence of ketoacidosis, which could significantly reduce the burden on health systems, especially in times of global pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Association of Bone Turnover Markers with Muscle Function, Falls, and Frailty in Older Women in Long-Term Care

Background Osteoporosis and sarcopenia commonly coexist in older adults. There is strong evidence that bone and muscle impact each other through mechanical and biochemical cross-talk. Objectives We sought to investigate the relationship between the markers of bone remodeling including the C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and procollagen type 1 N propeptide (P1NP) with muscle function, falls, and frailty in older women residing in long-term care (LTC) facilities. Design A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Setting Residents of LTC. Participants One hundred seventy-eight older women with osteoporosis. Measurements We measured and analyzed baseline CTX, P1NP, gait speed, sit to stand time, history of falls, and frailty index. Results Participants had a mean age of 86.7 years and BMI of 27.6 kg/m^2. The correlation (r) of CTX with gait speed and sit to stand test, as indices for muscle function, were −0.193 (p=0.0163) and 0.152 (p=0.0507), respectively. Additionally, CTX level was significantly associated with history of falls (p=0.0068), recurrent falls (p=0.0260), and frail phenotype (p=0.0126). P1NP did not have a significant association with gait speed, sit to stand test, and history of falls; however, it was associated with frail phenotype (p=0.0137). Most findings persisted after adjusting for age. Conclusions In older women residing in LTC facilities, CTX was associated with gait speed, falls history, and frail phenotype, whereas P1NP was only associated with frail phenotype. These findings suggest a relationship between bone remodeling and muscle function.
Avaliação de modelos probabilísticos para chuvas intensas nas mesorregiões do estado de Pernambuco

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar como as distribuições de variáveis aleatórias de Gumbel, Log-Normal de dois parâmetros, Generalizada de Valores Extremos, Fréchet máximos, Weibull com dois e três parâmetros, Gama, Pearson tipo III e Log-Pearson tipo III se ajustam aos eventos de precipitação máxima diária anual (PMDA), em cada mesorregião do estado de Pernambuco. Foi utilizada uma série de PMDA para cada mesorregião pernambucana, a partir de dados obtidos na APAC e na ANA. Para avaliar a qualidade de aderência das distribuições, foram utilizados os testes de aderência de Anderson Darling (AD), Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), o teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson (? 2) e o coeficiente de determinação (R2). O Método da Verossimilhança apresentou uma melhor qualidade de ajuste que o Método dos Momentos. A distribuição de Log-Pearson tipo III obteve o melhor ajuste para as mesorregiões da Zona da Mata e do Agreste, enquanto que a distribuição de Pearson tipo III obteve melhor aderência ao Sertão e ao São Francisco, e a Região Metropolitana do Recife a distribuição Generalizada de Valores Extremos foi a que obteve a melhor aderência. Dentre os testes de aderência utilizados o teste do Qui-Quadrado de Pearson foi considerado o mais restritivo.
Optimization of High Density Planting with Drip Irrigation in Rabi Onion

Irrigation scheduling is necessary for increasing onion production in an Agro-climatic zone III A and B of Bihar, where water is becoming scarce gradually and a limiting factor for onion production. Field experiments were conducted during the Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at the experimental farm, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, Nalanda. The objectives were to standardize high density planting with drip irrigation and to study the yield performance and storability on onion in Nalanda region. The treatments consisted of factorial combination of three irrigation intervals (2, 4 and 6 days) and four population densities (2000000, 1333333, 1000000 and 666666 plants/ha) corresponding to 10 x 5, 10 x 7.5, 10 x 10 and 15 x 10 cm respectively. The experiments were laid out in randomized block design replicated three times. Results revealed that the highest marketable yield was significantly favoured by 2 days interval followed by 4 days. However, lower plant spacing 10 x 5 cm recorded higher plant height, minimum maturity days, grass and marketable bulb yield were significantly higher with plant spacing 10 x10 cm followed by 15 x10 cm. The marketable bulb yield was significantly higher with interaction of T7 (10 x10 cm with 2 days irrigation interval) 1000000 plant density and 2 days irrigation interval than other treatment combinations. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that 2 days interval irrigation with a plant density of 1000000 (10x10 cm) plants per hectare can be practised for maximum onion bulb yield.
A Review of Literature Related to Movements of Adult Salmon and Steelhead Past Dams and Through Reservoirs in the Lower Snake River.

Abstract : A synthesis of published and unpublished literature on the upstream migration of adult salmon and steel head Oncorhynchus mykiss, with particular reference to passage through reservoirs and over dams, was prepared as part of an evaluation of fish passage through the lower Snake River. Most of the information on adult migrations in the Snake and Columbia rivers was collected on chinook salmon 0. tshawytscha and steel head. The amount of flow, temperature and turbidity of the water, and partial barriers are natural factors that affect the rate of migration and survival of upstream migrants. Human- caused alterations in flow, temperatures, and turbidities through the construction of dams and creation of reservoirs may be beneficial or detrimental to migrants, depending on the amount of change from natural and the fishes' ability to adapt. Dams and reservoirs placed in the migration path of adult salmon and steel head usually create unique passage problems because the structures and discharges differ and the stocks of fish involved change from one section of the river to the next.
The effect of ceramic surface conditioning on bond strength of metallic brackets: An in vitro study

OBJECTIVE: To compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets bonded to three different types of ceramic surfaces (feldspathic ceramic, lithium disilicate ceramic, and zirconia), conditioned with either hydrofluoric acid or sandblasting, using Assure® Plus All bonding agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 72 monolithic CAD/CAM ceramic specimens were divided into six groups of 12 samples. Three groups (G1: feldspathic ceramic, G3: lithium disilicate ceramic, G5: zirconia surfaces) were conditioned with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid, while the remaining three (G2, G4, G6; with ceramic type in the same order as the previous three groups) were prepared with 50 μm aluminum oxide sandblasting. Premolar brackets were bonded using light-cured Assure® Plus All. The SBS and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were recorded and submitted to inferential analysis using one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis tests, respectively. The significance level was set at 5% (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: The mean SBS values for the three different ceramic groups conditioned with hydrofluoric acid (G1: 7.2 ± 1.5 MPa, G3: 9.3 ± 2.3 MPa, G5: 8.5 ± 2.0 MPa) were significantly higher than those obtained for the groups prepared by sandblasting before bonding (G2: 7.5 ± 1.8 MPa, G4: 4.4 ± 2.0 MPa, G6: 4.3 ± 2.8 MPa). CONCLUSIONS: The hydrofluoric acid treatment produced a favorable SBS for all three examined ceramic types before bracket bonding with Assure® Plus All. In comparison, sandblasting yielded a satisfactory SBS only with feldspathic surfaces. Furthermore, the ARI indicated a higher frequency of mixed-adhesive failures except for lithium disilicate conditioned with sandblasting. Therefore, using hydrofluoric acid is likely to be especially recommended when the clinician is not aware of the brand of ceramic restorative material.
The clocks run at slightly different speeds. Clashing timeframes in COVID-19 health risk governance

Abstract Decision-making processes in times of crisis are rarely scrutinised. In this study we open up the ‘black box’ of regional COVID-19 decision-making. From March 2020 to June 2021, we had the unique opportunity to do (mostly) on-site ethnographic research and watch the unfolding of COVID-19 decision-making, as this took place in meetings. This enabled us to examine how timeframes played a key role within an important decision-making forum in the Netherlands: the ‘regional safety authority’, responsible for regional crisis and disaster management. Our study highlights how timeframes structure the ways in which normative choices and dilemmas are considered and political decisions are made. We identify three timeframes that ‘perform’ a specific temporality: the ‘no time to waste’ frame, the ‘taking the time’ frame and the ‘future time’ frame. These timeframes form a specific composition of (1) patterns of action, (2) objects at risk, and (3) values that feature in decision-making. We reveal how the ‘no time to waste’ frame dominated decision-making, producing a solitary focus on a rather narrow concept of safety, while other timeframes and other voices, measures and values were marginalised. We argue that timeframes can and should be negotiated and made explicit in a balanced approach to governing a pandemic or other types of long-term crisis.
LFD-Net: Lightweight Feature-Interaction Dehazing Network for Real-Time Remote Sensing Tasks

Currently, remote sensing equipments are evolving toward intelligence and integration, incorporating edge computing techniques to enable real-time responses. One of the key challenges in enhancing downstream decision-making capabilities is the preprocessing step of image dehazing. Existing dehazing methods usually suffer from steep computational costs with densely connected residual modules, as well as difficulties in maintaining visual quality. To tackle these problems, we designed a lightweight atmosphere scattering model based network structure to extract, fuse, and weight multiscale features. Our proposed LFD-Net demonstrates strong interpretability by exploiting the gated fusion module and attention mechanism to realize feature interactions between multilevel representations. The experimental results of LFD-Net on SOTS dataset reach an average frequency per second of 54.41, approximately eight times faster than seven most popular methods with equivalent metrics. After image dehazing by LFD-Net, the performance of object detection is significantly improved. The mean average precision when IoU = 0.5 (mAP@0.5) based on YOLOv5 is improved by 4.73% on DAIR-V2X dataset, which verified the practicability and adaptability of LFD-Net for real-time vision tasks.
SELECTION OF STABLE WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Wheat is a globally significant cereal crop crucial for ensuring food security. Plant breeders strive to enhance yield potential by developing optimized and stable genotypes. In Pakistan, an agricultural country facing food security challenges, annual multi-environment trials (MET)’s systematic conduct transpire across various research stations in Punjab province. Precise data analysis of these trials is paramount in strengthening the national agricultural research system. The primary objective of this study was to identify stable wheat genotypes by analyzing data from MET trials in 31 distinct environments within the Punjab province during 2020–2021. The study comprised 50 wheat genotypes laid out under an alpha lattice design. The collected data underwent an analysis based on additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) in combination with other stability measures. The findings revealed that genotype G41 (HYT100-27) exhibited superior performance, ranking within the top five across all five stability measures. Likewise, G27 (TWS17042) and G22 (HYT100-100) genotypes have four stability measures recommending these. Notably, G1 (HYT100-74) demonstrated the highest average yield across all locations and gained support from two additional stability measures. Therefore, G41, G27, G22, and G1 emerged as the most stable and productive genotypes among all those studied. Regarding the environments, MLSI proved the most desirable, followed by RARL. Conversely, the ARFG and ARFK resulted as the least ideal environments.
Effect of dates of sowing on growth and yield of groundnut crop.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of dates of sowing on growth and yield of groundnut crop during the summer season taking five promising varieties of the region. Results revealed that the number of pods per plant, pod yield, kernel yield and leaf area index had significantly varied due to variation in dates of sowing. The maximum number of pods per plant and pod yield obtained when the crop was sown on 20 January. The kernel yield and leaf area index were maximum when the crop was sown on 5 February ; maximum leaf area index was recorded on 65 DAE which was significantly higher in comparison to 20 January or 20 February sown crop. The study suggests that under sub-tropical humid climate it is better to sow the groundnut crop within the first week of February.
Transcriptome Signature of Immature and In Vitro-Matured Equine Cumulus–Oocytes Complex

Maturation is a critical step in the development of an oocyte, and it is during this time that the oocyte advances to metaphase II (MII) of the meiotic cycle and acquires developmental competence to be fertilized and become an embryo. However, in vitro maturation (IVM) remains one of the limiting steps in the in vitro production of embryos (IVP), with a variable percentage of oocytes reaching the MII stage and unpredictable levels of developmental competence. Understanding the dynamics of oocyte maturation is essential for the optimization of IVM culture conditions and subsequent IVP outcomes. Thus, the aim of this study was to elucidate the transcriptome dynamics of oocyte maturation by comparing transcriptomic changes during in vitro maturation in both oocytes and their surrounding cumulus cells. Cumulus–oocyte complexes were obtained from antral follicles and divided into two groups: immature and in vitro-matured (MII). RNA was extracted separately from oocytes (OC) and cumulus cells (CC), followed by library preparation and RNA sequencing. A total of 13,918 gene transcripts were identified in OC, with 538 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between immature OC and in vitro-matured OC. In CC, 13,104 genes were expressed with 871 DEG. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed an association between the DEGs and pathways relating to nuclear maturation in OC and GTPase activity, extracellular matrix organization, and collagen trimers in CC. Additionally, the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor gene (LHCGR) showed differential expressions between CC-MII and immature CC samples. Overall, these results serve as a foundation to further investigate the biological pathways relevant to oocyte maturation in horses and pave the road to improve the IVP outcomes and the overall clinical management of equine assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
A combination of strongly associated prothrombotic single nucleotide polymorphisms could efficiently predict venous thrombosis risk

Background Venous thrombosis (VT) is multifactorial trait that contributes to the global burden of cardiovascular diseases. Although abundant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provoke the susceptibility of an individual to VT, research has found that the five most strongly associated SNPs, namely, rs6025 (F5 Leiden), rs2066865 (FGG), rs2036914 (F11), rs8176719 (ABO), and rs1799963 (F2), play the greatest role. Association and risk prediction models are rarely established by using merely the five strongly associated SNPs. This study aims to explore the combined VT risk predictability of the five SNPs and well-known non-genetic VT risk factors such as aging and obesity in the Hungarian population. Methods SNPs were genotyped in the VT group (n = 298) and control group (n = 400). Associations were established using standard genetic models. Genetic risk scores (GRS) [unweighted GRS (unGRS), weighted GRS (wGRS)] were also computed. Correspondingly, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for genetic and non-genetic risk factors were estimated to explore their VT risk predictability in the study population. Results rs6025 was the most prevalent VT risk allele in the Hungarian population. Its risk allele frequency was 3.52-fold higher in the VT group than that in the control group [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.52, 95% CI: 2.50–4.95]. Using all genetic models, we found that rs6025 and rs2036914 remained significantly associated with VT risk after multiple correction testing was performed. However, rs8176719 remained statistically significant only in the multiplicative (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.07–1.64) and genotypic models (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.14–2.73). In addition, rs2066865 lost its significant association with VT risk after multiple correction testing was performed. Conversely, the prothrombin mutation (rs1799963) did not show any significant association. The AUC of Leiden mutation (rs6025) showed better discriminative accuracy than that of other SNPs (AUC = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.57–0.66). The wGRS was a better predictor for VT than the unGRS (AUC = 0.67 vs. 0.65). Furthermore, combining genetic and non-genetic VT risk factors significantly increased the AUC to 0.89 with statistically significant differences (Z = 3.924, p < 0.0001). Conclusions Our study revealed that the five strongly associated SNPs combined with non-genetic factors could efficiently predict individual VT risk susceptibility. The combined model was the best predictor of VT risk, so stratifying high-risk individuals based on their genetic profiling and well-known non-modifiable VT risk factors was important for the effective and efficient utilization of VT risk preventive and control measures. Furthermore, we urged further study that compares the VT risk predictability in the Hungarian population using the formerly discovered VT SNPs with the novel strongly associated VT SNPs.
Human Dimensions of Madagascar's Marine Protected Areas

We conducted a socio-economic assessment in thirteen communities within or adjacent to Madagascar's Marine Protected Areas (MPAs); Nosy Atafana MPA in the Mananara Nord biosphere reserve; Tampolo, Tanjona, and Masoala MPAs in the Masoala National Park, and the recently designated Sahamalaza MPA. Socio-economic information was gathered using several techniques, including household surveys, resource user key informant interviews, community leader key informant interviews, and oral histories. Communities varied considerably in regards to their dependence on marine resources. Communities in the Masoala and Tanjona marine parks had a relatively high dependence on fishing and gleaning (particularly for octopus and sea cucumber). Communities in Sahamalaza had moderate dependence on marine resources and Sahasoa, near Nosy Atafana, had a relatively low dependence. We found that fishing effort in several of our study sites was comparable to moderately exploited sites in Kenya (Cinner and McClanahan, 2006). However, it will be necessary to examine fishing effort relative to the size of fishing ground to have a better overall impression of fishing pressure across the study sites. Strategies to improve management in Madagascar's marine parks may include: (1) presenting consistent and transparent socioeconomic and ecological monitoring to communities to clearly demonstrate the effects of conservation on community livelihoods; (2) forming cross-scale linkages between national, provincial, and local governance institutions to promote resilience to social and ecological disturbances.
Estimation of Average Years of Schooling for Japan, Korea and the United States

This paper presents a new dataset of education stock for Japan, Korea and the US. This dataset has three major advantages over exiting ones such as Barro and Lee (2000), Kim and Lau (1995) and Nehru, Swanson and Dubey (1995). First, this paper's dataset covers nearly one hundred years while all the existing dataset do several decades in the postwar period. Second, this paper provides more detailed information such as average years of schooling by gender, age and levels of education. Third, more accuracy is guaranteed by exhaustive study on original dataset and careful treatments.The author hopes that future researchers use this paper's dataset as a 'public good' to analyze the macroeconomic role of education.
Study of Torsional and Stiffness Properties of the RC Buildings with Shear wall and Steel Bracing with Lateral Loadings

The equivalent static analysis and response spectrum analysis were performed for sixteen different models with different positioning of lateral load resisting systems in building. For the development of seismic response curve of the represented model is presented in tabular form and graphically shown in figure. Seismic response curve has been generated according to the response spectra curve of IS 1893:2016. The following parameters are compared between Equivalent Static Method and Response Spectrum Method with different positions of shear wall, braces and combined system in each model.