Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLE OF GINGER RHIZOME (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) EXTRACT: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTI DIABETIC ACTIVITY IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

In the current work, the antidiabetic potentials of silver nanoparticle of ethanolic extaract of ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale) (SNEG) were studied in rats. Now a days a vast research is going in the field of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles as they have very potent application in the development of novel delivery system, In present work a economic and very favourable method is described for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale rhizome through silver nitrate solution is used for the evaluation of antidiabetic activity. Various analytical methods such as Atomic Force Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were employed for monitoring the formation of nanoparticles. Presence of silver nanoparticles with an average size of 123.8 nm was revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy. The crystalline nature of synthesized nanoparticles was done by X-ray diffraction. This work shows that silver nanoparticles have good antidiabetic activity in comparison with standard hypoglycaemic agents, hence more work and investigation for clinical application is necessary.
CLEP_A_252410 737..744

Mohammadhossein Hajiebrahimi 1,2 Ci Song 3 David Hägg 1 Therese M-L Andersson 4 Reginald Villacorta Marie Linder 1 1Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 2Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Public Health Faculty, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; 3Janssen GCSO, Stockholm, Sweden; 4Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 5Market Access Department, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Horsham, PA, USA Purpose: To assess the relative risk of metabolic risk factors in patients stratified by psoriasis severity compared with population controls. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using national Swedish registers. Adult patients with psoriasis were selected if they had a dispensing of anti-psoriasis prescription (2007–2013) and at least one diagnosis within five years before the dispensing date. The patients with psoriasis were matched 1:10 to controls from the general population on birth year, sex, and county. The cohort was further divided into three disease severity groups (mild, moderate, or severe) based on their dispensed anti-psoriasis medication. Subjects were followed from the index date until censoring. We applied flexible parametric modeling to understand the risks of the incident comorbidities hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus among patients with psoriasis from 6 months through 10 years. Hazard ratios and predicted risk (ie, 1 minus the survival probability) of comorbidities were reported. Results: The hazard of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus is higher among psoriasis patients compared with population controls, and the hazard ratio increases with psoriasis severity. For example, HRs of hypertension for patients with mild, moderate, and severe psoriasis are 1.29 (95% CI: 1.27–1.32), 1.35 (95% CI: 1.32–1.38), and 1.73 (95% CI: 1.64–1.82), respectively. The predicted risk of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus among patients with severe psoriasis at year ten was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.59), 0.33 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.35), and 0.21 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.23), respectively, while it was 0.42 (0.41, 0.43), 0.23 (0.22, 0.23), 0.11 (0.10, 0.11) among controls, respectively. The predicted risk at year ten was similar among patients with mild or moderate psoriasis. Conclusion: The HRs and predicted risks of metabolic risk factors are higher among patients with psoriasis compared with matched controls and are more prominent among the severe psoriasis group.
COPD_A_269346 2549..2558

1Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; 2Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istituto Clinico Sant’Anna, Brescia, Italy Rationale: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) complain of various COPD-related symptoms with different daily frequencies. During the night-time and at early morning, dyspnea is often reported and may predict an increased risk of COPD exacerbation and hospitalization and all-cause mortality. The aim of the study was to assess the underlying mechanisms of this symptom, seeking functional biomarkers of its occurrence. Methods: Stable COPD patients with moderate-to-severe airflow obstruction and without confounding comorbidities underwent extensive baseline function respiratory tests. Spirometry, maximal flow-volume curves, lung volumes, and lung diffusion capacity parameters were obtained. Inspiratory capacity was also measured both in seated and supine positions. Forced oscillation technique (FOT) and negative expiratory pressure (NEP) method were used to establish the presence of tidal expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during recumbency. Questionnaires for recording COPD-related symptoms were administered. Sleep-related disturbances reported by the patients were also registered. Results: Forty-two consecutive COPD patients aged 65±9 completed the protocol. They were divided, according to the absence (NFL) or presence (FL) of supine EFL, in NFL group (n=17) and FL group (n=25). FL COPD patients had more severe airflow obstruction (FEV1= 46.4±19.4 vs 65.1±12.5% pred., p<0.01) and they showed no increase of supine IC in contrast with NFL COPD patients (ΔIC= 0.080±0.18 vs 0.390±0.28 L, p<0.01). Dyspnea either during night-time and at early morning was significantly more reported in FL COPD patients than in NFL COPD patients (p<0.05) and in those with less than 10% increase in supine IC (p<0.05). Conclusion: Supine EFL is frequently associated with both night-time and early morning dyspnea, suggesting that the development of recumbent dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation, heralded by the lack of increment of IC in supine position, is a pivotal mechanism of this symptom. No or trivial increase in supine IC may indicate the occurrence of dyspnea under these conditions.
University of Southern Denmark Nonperturbative renormalization of the axial current in Nf=3 lattice QCD with Wilson fermions and tree-level improved gauge action Bulava,

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IN VITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGAL EXTRACTS FROM CLADOSPORIUM FAMILY ISOLATED FROM CYATHOCLINE PURPUREA (D. DON.) O. KTZE

Cyathocline purpurea (D. Don.) O. Ktze. (Asteraceae) is a well documented anticancer plant, demonstrating activity against breast cancer cell lineMCF-7. In our present investigation, comparison of cytotoxic potential of 13 extracts from 5 endophytic Cladosporium species namely Cladosporium sphaerospermum Penz, Cladosporium aff. cladosporioides (Fresen.) de Vries, Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) de Vries and Cladosporium oxysporum Berk. and M. A. Curtis. isolated from leaves of C. purpurea were studied. Axenic cultures of Cladosporium species were isolated from C. purpurea leaves following surface sterilization of leaves. Radial growth in agar plate was compared using different media viz. SDA, SDMA, CDA, YESA and PDA and accordingly SDA/SDB was selected. Culture were grown in SDB media and extracts were prepared using different solvents viz. EA, CHL, HD and HA extract to ascertain cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Most of the Cladosporium fungal extracts demonstrated good cytotoxicity against MCF-7 estrogen positive breast cancer cell line. Interestingly, Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) de Vries which shares affinity with Cladosporium aff. cladosporioides (Fresen.) de Vries at the species level, fared better in MTT cytotoxic profile with respect to MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Further analysis of these 2 strains may shed light on correlation of their genetic profile with respect to their cytotoxic potential. Our results indicated that use of Cladopsporium extract can be a good secondary source for possible antineoplastic agent. However, further work is required for screening their potency against various cell lines, both in cancer and in normal.
Hepatoprotective effect of the methanol leaf extract of Lophira lanceolata teigh (Ochnaceae): An experimental study

Department of Pharmacology andToxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria. *Corresponding Author’s E-mail: collins.onyeto@unn.edu. ng. Tel: +2348034004221 The hepatoprotective effect of methanol leaf extract (ME) of Lophiralanceolata Tiegh (Ochnaceae) was investigated against carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Rats were randomly divided into 7 groups(n=6) and ME were administered at 100, 200, and 400mg/kg/day p.o to groups III-V, while groups I, VI and VII received 1ml/kg tween 80, Vitamin C and Silymarin at 25 mg/kg/day p.o respectively while group II received only CCl4. CCI4 was given every 72 hours to all the groups except group1.ThenSerum level of blood samples was assayed by alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), total protein, total bilirubin, albumin and globulin. ME significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the serum levels of the liver enzymes when compared with the control group (CCI4). The levels of ALT, AST and bilirubin at 100 and 400mg/kg were reduced significantly (p< 0.05). Also, ALP levels was lowered at 100 mg/kg but not significant difference (p>0.05). At 100mg/kg, MDA levels was lowered more significantly (p<0.05) than controls (Silymarin and vitamin C). Serum globulin level at 200mg/kg dose of extract was significantly increased when compared to CCI4 control group. In conclusion, ME can be protective against oxidative stress caused by liver toxicitylike CCl4.
PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCAPULA OF RABBIT

In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of the scapular development in rabbit embryos using light microscopic examination. Tissue sections were prepared from specimens collected at the embryonic day (E) 11, 14, 17, 21 and 28 days, and stained with hematoxylin and Eosin, Safranin-O, Periodic Acid-Schiff, von Kossa's stains and Fast green as well as double staining of Alcian blue with Alizarin Red. We observed the following characteristic chronological sequences: 1) At E11, the limb bud was formed of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, marginal vein, apical ectodermal ridge and progress zone. 2) At E14, the scapular blade appeared as a condensation of mesenchymal cells differentiated into chondrocytes. 3) At E17, endochondral ossification was induced after the invasion of blood vessels and formation of three different types of chondrocytes arranged in morphologically distinct zones. 4) At E21, appearance of primary ossification center within the scapula. There were two primary ossification centers; one within the center of scapular blade and the second one in the scapular spines. Ossification extended bidirectionally in both sides and elongation of the scapula continuous until taken mostly the shape of the future scapula. 5) At E28, remodeling and resorption processes of scapula occurred due to a substantial increase in the number of osteoclast and osteocytes. We conclude that the prenatal pattern of scapular development is peculiar in rabbit, and that our results provide better understanding of bone growth in the flat bone and are useful for teratological and clinical studies of regeneration and healing of flat bone.
RMHP_A_324762 3483..3503

1Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; 2Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; 3Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia Background: Suboptimal breastfeeding (BF) contributes to a significant number of infant deaths. A positive deviance approach (PDA) was not studied in Ethiopia, whether it improve exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice. Therefore, we determined the effectiveness of positive deviant approached intervention in increasing the proportion of EBF practice. Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial was employed in Jimma town from February 01 to September 30, 2018. Six randomly selected clusters (kebeles) were randomized into two arms. Then, 260 mothers who met the eligibility criteria were enrolled in either the intervention or control arm depending on where they lived. Women in the intervention group received counseling and social support in addition to the usual service to promote EBF, from women identified and trained as positive deviants in their community, while those in the control groups received the usual community-based services from urban health extension professionals. Data on primary and secondary outcome variables were collected at three points, and statistical difference was estimated using Chi-X or Fisher exact test. The net effect of the intervention was calculated. The magnitude of the intervention effect was estimated using the relative risk. For all statistical tests, 95% CI with a P-value of <0.05 was used. Results: The overall response rate at the endline was 98.8%. Exclusive BF was significantly different between the groups at mid and end points, while no difference at baseline. A higher proportion of mothers in the intervention group reported EBF compared to the control group at mid and end-line. The rate of EBF increased by 18.5% (P=0.01) in the intervention group while 0.2% in the counterparts, with a net effect of +18.2%. The probability of practicing EBF was significantly higher for the intervention group compared to the control group. At baseline, the relative risk of avoiding EBF (RR:1.112) was similar among the two groups. However, at follow-up, mothers in the intervention group were 2 times more likely to practice EBF (RR: 2.294) compared to those in the control group. Conclusion and Recommendation: The PD approach is an effective intervention to promote EBF and also positively affected frequency and duration of BF. Therefore, we recommend the promotion and use of positive deviance approach as a strategy to improve EBF practice in urban settings. Trial Registration Number: Clinical trial PACTR201805003379263, 23 May 2018.
The Most Frequent Agronomic Practices Used by the Coconut Farmers in the “Coconut Triangle” of Sri Lanka

The study was carried out to identify the most frequently practiced cultural practices by coconut growers in the main coconut growing area termed as “Coconut Triangle”, among a set of technical practices recommended by the Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka (CRISL). The objective was also to analyse the impact of these practices to the yield and to analyse the effects of the information sources to the growers to enhance the farmers skills. The study was carried out between June 2018 and August 2018. For the data collection, a questionnaire developed by CRISL was used and 62 growers were randomly selected. All the answers were gathered in a table file. Then, the data were analysed using tabular analysis and the software SPSS. The study reveals that most of the growers are having intercrops between the coconut trees, in large or very small scale even if the yield is lowand needs more space. For the soil moisture conservation around the coconut palm, the majority of the growers use the simple and low-cost technique; mulching around the coconut palms. However, 30.1% of the growers were found to not use any technique to improve the soil moisture even when the drought is a frequent event in the country, but this more valid for small scale growers. To improve their yield, majority of the growers preferred and used CRISL recommended coconut fertilizer mixture (Adult Palm Mixture or APM) over the other commercially available fertilizer mixtures. Finally, the study shows that farmers with large estates are the most involved to follow training programs and apply the advices given by the CRISL.
ON APPROXIMATIVE SOLUTIONS OF MULTISTOPPING PROBLEMS BY ANDREAS FALLER

In this paper, we consider multistopping problems for finite discrete time sequences X1, . ,Xn. m-stops are allowed and the aim is to maximize the expected value of the best of these m stops. The random variables are neither assumed to be independent not to be identically distributed. The basic assumption is convergence of a related imbedded point process to a continuous time Poisson process in the plane, which serves as a limiting model for the stopping problem. The optimal m-stopping curves for this limiting model are determined by differential equations of first order. A general approximation result is established which ensures convergence of the finite discrete time mstopping problem to that in the limit model. This allows the construction of approximative solutions of the discrete time m-stopping problem. In detail, the case of i.i. d. sequences with discount and observation costs is discussed and explicit results are obtained.
DDDT_A_336242 67..81

Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People’s Republic of China Background: Cross-sensitization of pelvic organs is one theory for why symptoms of gut sickness and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome overlap. Experimental colitis has been shown to trigger bladder hyperactivity and hyperalgesia in rats. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays a key role in bladder function and central sensitization. We aim to study the role of CXCR4 and its inhibitor AMD3100 in colon-bladder cross-organ sensitization. Methods: The colitis model was established by rectal infusion of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to assess the expression and distribution of CXCR4. Intrathecal injection of AMD3100 (a CXCR4 inhibitor) and PD98059 (an ERK inhibitor) were used to inhibit CXCR4 and downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Intravesical perfusion of resiniferatoxin was performed to measure the pain behavior counts of rats, and continuous cystometry was performed to evaluate bladder voiding function. Results: Compared to the control group, CXCR4 was expressed more in bladder mucosa and colon mucosa, L6-S1 dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and the corresponding segment of the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) in rats with colitis. Moreover, intrathecal injection of the AMD3100 suppressed bladder overactivity, bladder hyperalgesia, and mastocytosis symptoms caused by colitis. Furthermore, AMD3100 effectively inhibited ERK activation in the spinal cord induced by experimental colitis. Finally, treatment with PD98059 alleviated bladder overactivity and hyperalgesia caused by colitis. Conclusion: Increased CXCR4 in the DRG and SDH contributes to colon inflammationinduced bladder overactivity and hyperalgesia partly via the phosphorylation of spinal ERK. Treatment targeting the CXCR4/ERK pathway might provide a potential new approach for the comorbidity between the digestive system and the urinary system.
Induction in Human T Cells Molecular Mechanisms Underlying FOXP3

FOXP3 is playing an essential role for T regulatory cells and is involved in the molecular mechanisms controlling immune tolerance. Although the biological relevance of this transcription factor is well documented, the pathways responsible for its induction are still unclear. The current study reveals structure and function of the human FOXP3 promoter, revealing essential molecular mechanisms of its induction. The FOXP3 promoter was deﬁned by RACE, cloned, and functionally analyzed using reporter-gene constructs in primary human T cells. The analysis revealed the basal, T cell-speciﬁc promoter with a TATA and CAAT box 6000 bp upstream the translation start site. The basal promoter contains six NF-AT and AP-1 binding sites, which are positively regulating the trans activation of the FOXP3 promoter after triggering of the TCR. The chromatin region containing the FOXP3 promoter was bound by NF-ATc2 under these conditions. Furthermore, FOXP3 expression was observed following TCR engagement. Promoter activity, mRNA, and protein expression of T cells were suppressed by addition of cyclosporin A. Taken together, this study reveals the structure of the human FOXP3 promoter and provides new insights in mechanisms of addressing T regulatory cell-inducing signals useful for promoting immune tolerance. Furthermore, the study identiﬁes essential, positive regulators of the FOXP3 gene and highlights cyclosporin A as an inhibitor of FOXP3 expression contrasting other immunosuppressants such as steroids or rapamycin. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 176: 3593–3602. is demonstrated by EMSA of the (cid:3) 124 to (cid:3) 173 region of the FOXP3 gene promoter. The competition experiments were performed by preincubating nuclear extracts with 10- and 100-fold excess of Sp1 oligonucleotides ( lanes 3 and 4 ) or mutated Sp1 oligonucleotides ( lanes 5 and 6 ). The supershift assays were performed with antiserum against Sp1 protein (Sp1 Ab; lane 7 ), Sp3 protein (Sp3 Ab; lane 8 ), and Sp1 and Sp3 proteins (Sp1 (cid:1) Sp3 Abs; lane 9 ). Supershifted bands are observed in lanes 7–9 along with an increased mobility of the remaining bands carrying unidentiﬁed factors, because the GC box is bound by multiple factors.
THREE ESSAYS ON POST–KEYNESIAN MODELS OF EFFECTIVE DEMAND AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION

This dissertation consists of three independent essays on cyclical fluctuations of functional income distribution and effective demand in the Post–Keynesian tradition. The first essay investigates the longer run relationship between wage share and measurements of economic activity. Our main tools are wavelet covariance and multiresolution analysis. Results indicate that (1) Goodwin type cycles are observed even at longer run and (2) when considering smooth trends for periodicities longer than 32 years, a long Goodwin cycle seems to appear from the 1940s to mid–1990s that collapses afterwards. The second and third essays are related in the sense that they empirically investigate the possibility of strong internal dynamics in the business cycle model of effective demand and income distribution. Specifically, in the second essay, we study wage share and output gap in an univariate setting. Each time series is examined through chaos theory. The main tools are the nonlinear autoregressive neural network model, the dominant Lyapunov exponent, coefficient of determination, and local Lyapunov exponent. Results indicate that output gap might behave quasi–chaotically and wage share noisy–stable. Finally, the third essay inquires into the possibility of limit cycle in the two–dimensional model on wage share and output gap. For that, we use the multivariate nonlinear autoregressive neural network model. Our results indicate that limit cycle behavior describes well their dynamics and, furthermore, the instability is located on the wage share isocline. Chapters 1 through 3 open several questions that we hope further research will address. In Chapter 1, we conjecture that globalization plays a crucial role in the stagnation of the trends in the late 1990s. However, further research is required. Chapter 2 concludes that instability is rooted in the goods market dynamics rather than the distributive dynamics. Results on Chapter 3 indicate that the demand regime is stable and wage share locally unstable. This possibility remains largely unexplored both in the theoretical and empirical literature, and it creates a contradiction with the results found in Chapter 2. Further research is necessary on the robustness of the result, and possible mechanisms.