Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Impact of Proposed Transit Investments and Public Policy Choices on Land Use Patterns (A Simulation Approach with UrbanSim)

Transit systems, such as commuter rail, light rail, bus rapid transit, and high speed rail, can generate significant impacts on land development patterns over time. As an aid to local decision-making, it would be very helpful to have an evaluation tool which can be developed, validated, and calibrated with local data to forecast the impacts of proposed transit investments on land use patterns and to assist in determining which policy choices might achieve a desired result. This study aims to develop an UrbanSim model to assess the changes that might result in a specific geographic area from a decision to construct a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) investment in Hillsborough County, Florida. UrbanSim has the potential to be a powerful tool in evaluating the benefits of transit investments because it works on a much smaller geographic scale than other alternative systems and can simulate location decisions made by individual business and families. Data on parcels, households, jobs, and land plans were collected for the base year (2010) from various data resources, such as the county appraiser, census database, InfoUSA, etc. The Tampa Bay Regional Planning Model (TBRPM) model was used to produce a traffic pattern forecast. The model was validated by comparing the simulation results to the projected demographic data in the Hillsborough County Metropolitan Planning Organization 2035 Long Range Transportation Plan (LRTP). Four scenarios with different ridership levels were created of the proposed BRT investment using a short-term period (2010-2012) and a long-term period (2010-2020). The scenarios were compared to the ones without the proposed BRT route in the same years. This study found that the change in land use patterns is complex due to implementing the BRT service, either in a short-term or long-term period. The proposed BRT service has significant impacts on land use patterns in a long-term period.
Effects of surface slope on erosion rates of quartz particles

Abstract : Modeling sediment erosion is important in a wide range of environmental problems. The effects of various environmental factors on erosion rates have been studied, but the effects of surface slope on erosion rates of a wide range of sediments have not been quantified. The effects of surface slope, both in the direction of flow (pitch) and perpendicular to the flow (roll), on erosion rates of quartz particles were investigated using the Sediment Erosion at Depth Flume (Sedflume).
Designing an inflation galaxy survey: How to measure σ ð f NL Þ ∼ 1 using scale-dependent galaxy bias

The most promising method for measuring primordial non-Gaussianity in the post-Planck era is to detect large-scale, scale-dependent galaxy bias. Considering the information in the galaxy power spectrum, we here derive the properties of a galaxy clustering survey that would optimize constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity using this technique. Specifically, we ask the question of what survey design is needed to reach a precision σ ð f locNL Þ ≈ 1 . To answer this question, we calculate the sensitivity to f locNL as a function of galaxy number density, redshift accuracy and sky coverage. We include the multitracer technique, which helps minimize cosmic variance noise, by considering the possibility of dividing the galaxy sample into stellar mass bins. We show that the ideal survey for f locNL looks very different than most galaxy redshift surveys scheduled for the near future. Since those are more or less optimized for measuring the baryon acoustic oscillation scale, they typically require spectroscopic redshifts. On the contrary, to optimize the f locNL measurement, a deep, wide, multiband imaging survey is preferred. An uncertainty σ ð f locNL Þ ¼ 1 can be reached with a full-sky survey that is complete to an i -band AB magnitude i ≈ 23 and has a number density ∼ 8 arcmin − 2 . Requirements on the multiband photometry are set by a modest photo- z accuracy σ ð z Þ = ð 1 þ z Þ < 0 . 1 and the ability to measure stellar mass with a precision ∼ 0 . 2 dex or better (or another proxy for halo mass with equivalent scatter). Finally, we estimate that for the idealized case of a survey measuring all halos down to a mass 10 10 h − 1 M ⊙ on the full sky out to high redshift, in principle a precision of order σ ð f NL Þ ∼ 0 . 1 can be achieved.
ANALISIS PERBEDAAN KUALITAS LABA SEBELUM DAN SESUDAHADOPSI IFRS KEDALAM PSAK PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTURYANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kualitas laba antara sebelum dan sesudah adopsi IFRS ke dalam PSAK pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan tahunan. Kualitas laba dinilai berdasarkan tingkat manajemen laba yang dihitung menggunakan discretionary accruals modifikasi Jones (modified Jones). Sampel yang digunakan berupa perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI pada tahun 2009 hingga 2012. Pemilihan sampel didasarkan pada metode purposive sampling dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kualitas laba yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah adopsi IFRS ke dalam PSAK pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI.
Historical changes in Australian temperature extremes as inferred from extreme value distribution analysis

This study develops a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution analysis approach, namely, a GEV tree approach that allows for both stationary and nonstationary cases. This approach is applied to a century‐long homogenized daily temperature data set for Australia to assess changes in temperature extremes from 1910 to 2010. Changes in 20 year return values are estimated from the most suitable GEV distribution chosen from a GEV tree. Twenty year return values of extreme low minimum temperature are found to have warmed strongly over the century in most parts of the continent. There is also a tendency toward warming of extreme high maximum temperatures, but it is weaker than that for minimum temperatures, with the majority of stations not showing significant trends. The observed changes in extreme temperatures are broadly consistent with observed changes in mean temperatures and in the frequency of temperatures above the ninetieth and below the tenth percentile (i.e., extreme indices). The GEV tree analysis provides insight into behavior of extremes with re‐occurrence times of several years to decades that are of importance to engineering design/applications, while extreme indices represent moderately extreme events with re‐occurrence times of a year or shorter.
Evaluation of Urban Highway Environmental Noise Pollution

The increase in number of urban highways constructed around residential and community areas around the city, has inevitably caused major noise pollution problems to city dwellers. The objective of the study was to assess the level of noise exposure and its impact to residents residing around the vicinity of urban highways. Noise level recording was carried out at selected areas to determine the noise pollution levels and the adequacy of mitigating measures that has been implemented. Traffic volume along the highway was recorded and categorized into six major classes of vehicles. Subsequently, the Leq, L10, L50 and L90 noise index percentiles were identified and data analyses were done on the data samples. Simultaneously, a public survey was conducted to gauge the existing public's attitude and degree of awareness with contemporary motor vehicular noise pollution. The study revealed that the noise level exposure experienced by the residents exceed the DOE's guidelines on a daily basis whilst the measures taken was inadequate to curb the noise menace emitting from the neighboring urban highway.
Growth and emigration of white shimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in the Mar Muerto Lagoon, Southern Mexico

Microcohorts of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, were sampled with a cast net at fortnightly intervals in the Mar Muerto Lagoon, Southern Mexico. Shrimp recruited to the lagoon throughout the sampling period (January to August 1993). Mean growth rates of microcohorts ranged from 0.21 to 1.21 mm total length (TL) per day. Juvenile shrimp mainly between the sizes of 70 to 80 mm TL emigrated from the lagoon. Growth and the onset of emigration appeared to be related to water salinity.
Modeling the wave normal distribution of chorus waves

The propagation and attenuation characteristics of lower band and upper band chorus waves are investigated by ray tracing, and the evaluation of Landau damping based on an empirical suprathermal electron model derived from Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) data. The rate of Landau damping is found to increase at larger L‐shell, for more oblique wave normal angles, and for higher geomagnetic activity. Damping is also larger on the nightside than on the dayside and is more pronounced in the upper band than in the lower band. These features can account for the statistical pattern of chorus waves observed away from the equatorial source region. A physical model of the wave normal angle distribution along a field line is presented, which provides insight on how the wave normal angle distribution varies as chorus waves propagate away from the equatorial source region. Our modeling shows that wave emissions at low latitudes (λ ≲ 30°) come predominately from the equatorial source at the same L‐shell and that their wave normal angles increase with increasing latitude due to wave refraction caused by magnetic gradients and curvature. However, at high latitudes (λ ≳ 30°), the wave normal angle distribution along a particular field line is affected by chorus waves that arrive from an equatorial source at lower L because of significant cross‐L propagation. As a consequence, the lower band wave normal angle tends to decrease with increasing latitudes, while the upper band wave normal angle can either increase or decrease depending on the equatorial source at lower L. The effect of cross‐L propagation might also explain why observed wave normal angle distribution tends to become more field‐aligned at high latitudes. Interestingly, the upper band chorus at such high latitudes originates from lower band waves originating near the equator at lower L. A global model of wave normal variation along a field line constructed in this study is not currently available from observations but is nonetheless critically important for evaluating bounce‐averaged diffusion coefficients for future radiation belt modeling.
Disaster Risk Reduction

The ongoing pandemic created by COVID-19 has co-existed with humans for some time now, thus resulting in unprecedented disease burden. Previous studies have demonstrated the non-linear and single effects of meteorological factors on viral transmission and have a question of how to exclude the influence of unrelated confounding factors on the relationship. However, the interactions involved in such relationships remain unclear under complex weather conditions. Here, we used a panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model to investigate the non-linear interactive impact of meteorological factors on daily new cases of COVID-19 based on a panel dataset of 58 global cities observed between Jul 1, 2020 and Jan 13, 2022. This new approach offers a possibil-ity of assessing interactive effects of meteorological factors on daily new cases and uses fixed ef- fects to control other unrelated confounding factors in a panel of cities. Our findings revealed that an optimal temperature range (0°C – 20 °C) for the spread of COVID-19. The effect of RH (relative humidity) and DTR (diurnal temperature range) on infection became less positive (coefficient: 0.0427 to − 0.0142; p < 0.05) and negative (coefficient: − 0.0496 to − 0.0248; p < 0.05) with in- creasing average temperature(T). The highest risk of infection occurred when the temperature was − 10 °C and RH was >80% or when the temperature was 10 °C and DTR was 1 °C. Our find- ings highlight useful implications for policymakers and the general public.
Review of shearing strength of rockfill

The steady development of large scale triaxial shear testing equipment in the United States and Mexico in the past 20 yr has permitted the laboratory testing of rockfill specimens having up to 8-in. sized particles. Specimens of smaller sized particles can be tested under confining pressures of up to 2,000 psi. A review and consolidation of published test data and reports shows that competent authorities have found rockfill friction angles varying widely with various parameters such as confining pressure, relative density, gradation, particle strength, degree of saturation, particle shape, and so on. The most basic parameter appears to be confining pressure, with the consistent indication being that for average dumped rockfill, the friction angle varies from about 55° at very low normal pressure to about 35° at very high normal pressure.
Extreme climatic events and weather regimes over the North Atlantic: When and where?

Meteorological events such as severe storms, floods or droughts are often referred to as extreme events. The impact of such events on society is immense and numerous efforts have been devoted to study them. Many proxy indicators in paleoclimate variability reconstructions are sensitive to such extremes, and a careful quantification of their link to environmental parameters is indispensable. In this paper we determine the relationship between typical states of the atmospheric circulation over and around the North Atlantic, on the one hand, and extreme events, on the other. We apply a novel statistical approach to associate extremes and weather regimes. This study enables us to infer the atmospheric conditions that prevailed in the North Atlantic region during key periods of the recent past.
The effects of unilateral premature loss of maxillary primary molars on the dental arch dimensions

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the amount of changes in the horizontal and vertical maxillary arch dimensions measurements following the premature loss of primary molars. Materials and methods: The sample consist of (50) children with unilateral prematurely extracted either first or second primary molars at the mixed dentition stage. Results and Conclusions: Results shows that there was an increase in the vertical incisor to canine distance (A) with both premature loss of first & second primary molars due to distal movement of primary canines and at the same time there were a significant loss of space in the extraction space with premature loss of second primary molar due to a mesial movement of maxillary first permanent molars which at the same time tip lingually and this is clear obvious from the decrease in the inter-molars distances horizontally.
Microscale anatomy of the 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake fault zone

Two TCDP boreholes A and B were drilled in the northern part of the Chelungpu thrust fault where the Chi‐Chi earthquake (21 September 1999, Mw 7.6) showed large displacement, low ground acceleration, and high slip velocity. In this paper, we describe the microstructures of the Chi‐Chi Principal Slip Zone (PSZ) within black gouges localized at 1111 m depth in Hole A and at 1136 m depth in Hole B. In the FZA1111 the PSZ is a 2 cm‐thick isotropic clay‐rich gouge which contains aggregates formed by central clasts coated by clay cortex (clay‐clast aggregates (CCAs)) and fragments of older gouges segregated in the top third of the PSZ. In FZB1136 the PSZ is 3 mm thick and is characterized by a foliated gouge displaying an alternation of clay‐rich and clast‐rich layers. The presence of CCAs, plucked underlying gouge fragments, gouge injections, and the occurrence of reverse grain size segregation of large clasts in the FZA1111 isotropic gouge suggest that the gouge was fluidized as a result of frictional heating and thermal pressurization. The foliated gouge in FZB1136 may be one locus of strain localization and related heat production. Small calcite veins present above the isotropic FZA1111 PSZ gouge and, characterized by an increasing strain with increasing distance away from the PSZ, are attributed to coseismic fluid escape from the pressurized gouge. The observed microstructures are interpreted in view of their seismic implications for the Chi‐Chi earthquake in terms of slip weakening mechanisms by thermal pressurization, gouge fluidization, coseismic fluid distribution, and postseismic slip. Above the PSZ, several layers of compacted gouges containing deformed CCAs and gouge fragments correspond to several PSZ of past earthquakes similar to the Chi‐Chi earthquake and display a fault‐parallel cleavage resulting from a low strain rate pressure solution deformation mechanism that may be correlated to the interseismic periods.
Impact of tillage and fertility management options on selected soil physical properties and sorghum yield

Water and soil fertility are the most limiting biophysical factors affecting crop production in semi-arid West Africa. This study was conducted in Nadion (south Sudan zone of Burkina Faso) to assess the impact of tillage practices (no-till, tied ridging; ripping and conventional tillage) combined with soil fertility management options (compost, NPK + Urea, crop residues, Compost+ NPK + Urea and a control) on soil moisture content and sorghum yield. The soil moisture was monitored weekly using the Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) method and the soil bulk density was evaluated 30 days after planting. Zero tillage increased the soil water storage capacity compared to the other tillage practices at 0-30 cm depth. Sorghum straw residues application improved soil water content by 20%. Conventional tillage decreased surface soil (0-10 cm) bulk density. Compost + NPK + Urea application increased sorghum yield by 74% over the control while, NPK + urea and compost increased sorghum grain yield by 50% and 29%, respectively relative to the control (no soil amendment). Conventional tillage led to decrease in yield compared to zero tillage after two years of experimentation. The zero tillage combined with compost, NPK and urea increased sorghum yield by 28% compared to tied-ridging regardless of the fertility management options. Zero tillage is a promising option for sorghum production in the South Sudan agro-ecological zone of Burkina Faso. Keywords : Bulk density, fertility management, sorghum yield, South Sudan zone, tillage, water conservation.
Physiological and Biochemical Evaluation of Guava Papaya Mixed Fruit Toffee

The present investigation was carried out in preservation laboratory, Dept. of Horticulture, JNKVV, Jabalpur. during 2008-2009. The main objective of the investigation was to standardize the ratio of the guava and papaya pulp for better mixed fruit toffee. The various parameters of quality and over all acceptability were found in the treatment combination of 40% guava and 60% papaya along with 300 g sugar, 50 g milk powder and 120 g butter.
Syntectonic remagnetization in the southern Methow block: Resolving large displacements in the southern Canadian Cordillera

The Upper Cretaceous Ventura Member of the Goat Wall unit in the southern Methow block of southern British Columbia and northern Washington State holds a syntectonic magnetization. Eight new sites from Manning Park in British Columbia give a mean direction of D = 27.5°, I = 60.1°, k = 304.7, α95 = 3.2° after optimal partial tilt correction. Of five groups of bedded sites from farther south in the basin reported by Bazard et al. [1990] , four have a syntectonic remanence with a direction similar to what we observe. The exception is one group which has optimal concentration of remanence directions on >100% untilting and an abherent direction which must be rejected. Combining the accepted sites, the optimal differential syntilting direction is D = 11.8°, I = 61.5°, k = 39.3, α95 = 3.4° (N = 47), giving a mean pole of 79.8°N, 359.2°E, K = 19.5, and A95 = 4.8°. The age of the remagnetization is constrained to be between 88 and 80 Ma. Compared to cratonic North America, this result indicates that the southern Methow block was displaced from the south by 1800 ± 500 km, meaning it lay south of the Sierra Nevada subduction zone but well north of other paleomagnetically constrained Cretaceous rock units from the Insular superterrane, including correlative strata of the Mount Tatlow area in the northern Methow block. Among several possibilities to reconcile this discrepancy, the most plausible has the whole Methow block translated coherently but with the southern Methow block strata remagnetized during transit.
Structural Dynamic Model of Retirement with Latent Health Indicator

This paper provides an empirical analysis of substitution between early retirement and disability as two major exit routes from the labour market in Norway. Analysis is based on a dynamic structural model that addresses the interplay between health, institutional constraints and economic incentives of men and women in the later part of their working lives. Unlike most previous research, which has typically used self-reported and indirect measures of disability conditions, in this paper health is modelled as a direct latent indicator of the eligibility to retire through the disability system. The model specifically accounts for the fact that employment may coincide with bad health when employees do not opt for disability in favour of more desirable retirement opportunities in the future. Norwegian register data are used for estimation. The substitution between disability and early retirement exits is investigated by simulating a complete elimination of the latter. The simulation suggests a moderate inflow of the displaced early pensioners into disability combined with partial employment and negligible inflow into the full-time disability. Copyright (C) 2010 The Author(s). The Econometrics Journal (C) 2010 Royal Economic Society
Integrated food science and technology for the tropics.

This comprehensive textbook on processing and preservation of food in the tropics comprises 2 main sections. The 1st deals with the theory of food science and technology, including food chemistry, microbiology, process engineering, organoleptic quality, and nutritional and physiological aspects. The 2nd covers the processing of specific food commodities, viz. cereals, root and tuber crops, grain legumes, fruits and vegetables, beverages, meat, fish and, in a long final chapter, milk, ice cream, cultured milk Other CABI sites 
Modeling the resuspension of ash deposited during the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in spring 2010

[1] Eyjafjallajokull, a volcano in southern Iceland, erupted explosively in April and May 2010 depositing ash over a region of more than 3000 km2 to the east and southeast of the volcano. This deposited ash has been frequently remobilized by the wind causing concern for the health of Icelanders living in the region. An investigation was carried out to determine whether it would be possible to produce forecasts of days when high airborne ash concentrations were likely to occur. Information about the spatially varying surface characteristics of the region of deposited ash is not available so in the modeling approach adopted here ash is released from the surface at a rate proportional to the cube of the excess friction velocity (local friction velocity minus a threshold) only when the friction velocity exceeds a threshold. Movement of the resuspended ash is then modeled in a Lagrangian dispersion model. Modeled ash concentrations are compared to observed concentrations from two periods; PM10 observations between 23 May and 2 July 2010 and airborne particle counts between 21 September 2010 and 16 February 2011. More than 66% of the resuspension episodes between May and July are captured by the model and the relative magnitudes of the modeled episodes in this period are in good agreement with the observations. 66% of episodes between October and February are also captured by the model although there is an increase in the false alarm rate which appears to be due to the influence of precipitation.