Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Runoff Forecasting Using RBF Networks with OLS Algorithm

This paper illustrates the application of the radial basis function type of artificial neural networks (ANNs) using the orthogonal least-squares (OLS) algorithm to model the rainfall runoff process. Models using this approach differ from the more commonly used ANN models that adopt the back propagation (BP) algorithm, in that the former are linear in the parameters. The OLS algorithm is also capable of synthesizing the suitable network architecture, relieving the user of a time-consuming trial-and-error procedure. The proposed method is then applied to forecast runoff in a small catchment. One-hour predictions using the model are compared with those predicted by an ANN model that uses the BP algorithm, an ARMAX model, and with observed values. Results indicate that the OLS algorithm-based approach produces forecasts of comparable accuracy to those based on the BP algorithm. This approach has the added advantage of requiring less time for model development, and is also readily usable by the hydrologist with little or no background knowledge of ANNs.
Not Just Defending: Advocating for Law in Myanmar

From afar, the work of a lawyer struggling against entrenched authoritarianism may look like an exercise in futility. Lawyers fighting for causes under repressive regimes oftentimes appear cast in heroic but ultimately pointless roles. Austin Sarat and Stuart Scheingold in their introductory chapter to a landmark volume on cause lawyering have described the work of cause lawyers in authoritarian settings essentially as a struggle “to afford a modicum of protection against arbitrary arrest and imprisonment, torture, and other acts of political repression. ” Lawyers who can do no more than provide a modicum of protection in difficult times would appear to have precious little to offer clients, other than some modest shields against the worst excesses of the powerful. Our thesis, by contrast, is that lawyering against authoritarianism constitutes more than the defense of vestigial rights. The thesis does not
Right-LeftAsymmetriesintheWhiskingBehaviorofRats AnticipateHeadMovements

Ratsuserhythmicmovementsoftheirvibrissae(whiskers)totactuallyexploretheirenvironment.This“whisking”behaviorhasgenerally been reported to be strictly synchronous and symmetric about the snout, and it is thought to be controlled by a brainstem central pattern generator. Because the vibrissae can move independently of the head, however, maintaining a stable perception of the world wouldseemtorequirethatratsadjustthebilateralsymmetryofwhiskermovementsinresponsetoheadmovements.Thepresentstudy used high-speed videography to reveal dramatic bilateral asymmetries and asynchronies in free-air whisking during head rotations. Kinematicanalysissuggestedthattheseasymmetricmovementsdidnotservetomaintainanyfixedtemporalrelationshipbetweenright and left arrays, but rather to redirect the whiskers to a different region of space. More specifically, spatial asymmetry was found to be strongly correlated with rotational head velocity, ensuring a “look-ahead” distance of almost exactly one whisk. In contrast, bilateral asynchronyandvelocityasymmetrywereonlyweaklydependentonheadvelocity.Bilateralphasedifferencewasfoundtobeindependent of the whisking frequency, suggesting the presence of two distinct left and right central pattern generators, connected as coupled oscillators. We suggest that the spatial asymmetries are analogous to the saccade that occurs during the initial portion of a combined head‐eye gaze shift, and we begin to develop the rat vibrissal system as a new model for studying vestibular and proprioceptive contributionstotheacquisitionofsensorydata.
Avaliação dos Impactos Econômicos do Fundo Constitucional de Financiamento do Nordeste entre 2004 e 2010

O objetivo deste artigo e avaliar os impactos economicos do Fundo Constitucional de Financiamento do Centro-Oeste (FCO). O estudo utiliza varias escalas geograficas para analisar os impactos do FCO sobre o crescimento do PIB per capita entre 2004 e 2010. Os resultados das estimacoes em painel de efeito fixo mostraram que os recursos do FCO apresentaram impactos positivos apenas sobre o crescimento do PIB per capita em nivel municipal e os resultados sugerem que estes efeitos positivos sao em grande medida influenciados pelos emprestimos do FCO da modalidade empresarial. As estimacoes para escalas geograficas de micro e mesorregiao sugerem que o FCO nao estimula crescimento em niveis geograficos mais agregados. The paper aims to evaluate the economic impact of the Center-West Constitutional Regional Fund (FCO). The study uses different spatial scales to analyse the impact of FCO on GDP per capita growth between 2004 and 2010. The results of the fixed effects panel data estimations show that FCO impacts positively GDP per capita growth only at municipal level and results suggest that this positive effect are mainly influenced by the specific FCO line of credit empresarial. The results for micro and mesorregions suggest that FCO does not stimulate economic growth in more aggregated regions.
PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS (KIAMAN) PALAEOINTENSITY RESULTS FROM THE WESTERN BOHEMIAN MASSIF, GERMANY

SUMMARY Thellier palaeointensity analyses were carried out on samples from three quartz porphyry intrusions located within the western part of the Bohemian Massif close to the German-Czech Republic border. These intrusives have been dated at 28&275 Ma, which places them in the main part of the Permo-Carboniferous (Kiaman) Reversed Superchron (P-CRS). This age is consistent with the mean characteristic remanence direction calculated at D/Z = 204 "/- 1 ", giving a VGP at 36"N, 341"E. Palaeointensity values range from 6.6 pT to 22.1 pT, with a mean value of 12.0+ 1.3 pT, which has a corresponding VDM value of (3.0 i 1.2) x loz2 A m2. This suggests that the geomagnetic field strength recorded by the quartz porphyries is only 37 per cent of the current value, supporting recent studies that report a field strength of between 25 and 40 per cent of the present-day value during the P-CRS.
The Mean Summertime Circulation along Australia's Southern Shelves: A Numerical Study

Abstract For the first time, a high-resolution regional model is developed for the slope and shelf circulation within the Great Australian Bight and for the Gulfs region of South Australia. The results indicate the extent, nature, and dynamical interaction of a variety of circulation features that are most likely to be important for the region. In particular, the positive wind stress curl south of Australia leads to an equatorward Sverdrup transport in the deep ocean, westward Flinders Current along the slope, and upwelling of the (600 m) deep permanent thermocline. The wind stress curl also leads to a seaward topographic Sverdrup transport within the wide sloping shelf of the bight and results in an anticyclonic gyre that is intensified off the Eyre Peninsula and reduced in magnitude by the joint effect of baroclinicity and topographic relief. In the western half of the bight, the seaward surface Ekman and topographic transports are shown to converge with the onshore component of the Flinders Current lea.
Meta-Analysis Study of Teacher Issues on Higher Order Thinking Skills in Malaysia

: Higher order thinking skills is very important to be implemented among teachers in Malaysia. This is due to higher order thinking skills require explanations in particular to minimize confusion and to improve teacher attitudes about thinking. Teaching and learning activities should be designed based on learning strategies, including training, decomposition, organization and metacognition. This article aims to identify the issues that teachers having in order to implement higher order thinking skills in their teaching and learning session in school. The finding shows that there are four elements of higher order thinking skills that reached data saturation point which are critical thinking, creative thinking, decision making and problem solving.
Network‐scale dynamics of grain‐size sorting: implications for downstream fining, stream‐profile concavity, and drainage basin morphology

We explore the link between channel‐bed texture and river basin concavity in equilibrium catchments using a numerical landscape evolution model. Theory from homogeneous sediment transport predicts that river basin concavity directly increases with bed sediment size. If the effective grain size on a river bed governs its concavity, then natural phenomena such as grain‐size sorting and channel armouring should be linked to concavity. We examine this hypothesis by allowing the bed sediment texture to evolve in a transport‐limited regime using a two grain‐size mixture of sand and gravel. Downstream ﬁning through selective particle erosion is produced in equilibrium. As the channel‐bed texture adjusts downstream so does the local slope. Our model predicts that it is not the texture of the original sediment mixture that governs basin concavity. Rather, concavity is linked to the texture of the sorted surface layer. Two different textural regimes are produced in the experiments: a transitional regime where the mobility of sand and gravel changes with channel‐bed texture, and a sand‐dominated region where the mobility of sand and gravel is constant. The concavity of these regions varies depending on the median gravel‐ or sand‐grain size, erosion rate, and precipitation rate. The results highlight the importance of adjustments in both surface texture and slope in natural rivers in response to changes in ﬂuvial and sediment inputs throughout a drainage network. This adjustment can only be captured numerically using multiple grain sizes or empirical downstream ﬁning rules. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic elements impacting the venture accomplishment among assembling organizations in Malaysia

The purpose of this study is to investigate the critical factors that influence a successful project among manufacturing companies in Penang, Malaysia. In addition, this study is also aimed to explore if project change control play a role in moderating the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable identified in this research. Through the literature review process, it was found that project mission, top management support, client consultation, technical task, personnel competency, client acceptance, trouble shooting, project plan monitoring and effective communication are among the critical factors identified. From the 79 respondents who responded to 79 successfully completed projects, this study revealed that project success in the manufacturing context was in two dimensions which this study classified as micro and macro project success. This study also demonstrated empirically that project personnel competency and project mission are critical factors influencing the micro project success and as for macro project success, top management support and project mission are two main critical factors.
CHALLENGES AND

Energy-related global CO2 emissions IPCC underlines the need to immediately and rapidly reduce global GHG emissions and achieve Net Zero for CO2 emissions around 2050 in order to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C compared to pre-industrial times. To this end, the IPCC defines several scenarios compatible with the 1.5°C target, involving the decarbonization of the energy system through the combined application of a number of levers, such as the deployment of renewable energy, end-use electrification, the use of low and zero carbon fuels and CCS, consumer behavioral change, reduction of land use change sector emissions, and neutralization of residual emissions through carbon removal actions in the land use change sector (LUC) and use of Carbon Capture and Storage applied to bioenergy (BECCS).
Knowledge on and Attitude toward Silver Diamine Fluoride among Saudi Dental Practitioners in Riyadh Public Hospitals

scale comprising multiple demographic data, on silver diamine fluoride, dental respondents Results: A total of Saudi dentists in Riyadh completed the survey. The knowledge of SDF among was averagely About of the participants agreed that SDF could be used to arrest cavitated lesions. The majority of respondents showed a positive attitude toward SDF by accepting it as a good alternative treatment for individuals with behavioral problems or medical issues (>50%). The most frequently reported barrier to the use of SDF was black discoloration (55.39%). A high number of respondents have not experienced the application of SDF, in their practice (>60%), or dental school (65.5%). However, 57.9% expect an increase in the future use of SDF. The correlation between knowledge and attitude among different dental specialties was statistically significant ( P <0.05). The restorative specialty was observed to have the highest mean of knowledge (3.26), while advanced education general dentistry had the highest mean (3.67) of attitude toward SDF. Conclusion: The aim of the study was achieved as the knowledge on, and attitude toward silver diamine fluoride among Saudi dental practitioners in Riyadh public hospitals was assessed. The response was average, with means of 3.1 and 3.3 for knowledge and attitude, respectively, among the participants. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry is an international, peer-reviewed, open access, online journal focusing on the latest clinical and experimental research in dentistry with specific empha- sis on cosmetic interventions. Innovative developments in dental materials, techniques and devices that improve outcomes and patient satisfaction and preference will be highlighted. The manuscript management system is completely online and includes a very quick and fair peer-review system, which is all easy to use. Visit http://www.dovepress. com/testimonials.php to read real quotes from published authors.
UNDERSTANDING SURVEY SAMPLE DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN

In this study we have addressed the demographic uncertainties surrounding surveys of men who have sex with men (MSM). We examined migration, closetedness, and family structure explanations of demographic profiles of urban MSM using data from the Urban Men’s Health Study and the Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) of the U.S. Census. The data suggested that the demographic profiles of urban MSM obtained in population based surveys of urban areas are reasonable since MSM in urban areas reflect a large in-migrating white, often young adult, population without children. We concluded that MSM communities are cities within cities with unique demographics that may differ from the general population of the cities in which they live. Although there may be some related sampling bias associated with nondisclosure among ethnic minority MSM population segments, this bias may have little impact on population level estimates. In general the demographic characteristics of urban MSM populations obtained through probability-based sampling methods is judged to be consistent with the observed patterns of migration, closetedness, and childlessness in this population.
Analysis of Bulk and Pigeonpea Rhizosphere Soil in Middle Gangetic Region of Uttar Pradesh

An investigation was carried out with bulk and pigeonpea rhizosphere soils collected from Middle Gangetic region of Uttar Pradesh (UP). Collected soils were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics, bacterial population and R/S ratio. In the present study, bacterial count of rhizosphere soils were found to range between 250x10 5 to 40x10 5 whereas in bulk soil ranging from 220x10 5 to 14x10 5 . The R/S ratio ranging from 5.74 to 1.12, indicating positive rhizospheric effect in collected soil samples. In addition, bacterial population associated with bulk and pigeonpea rhizosphere soils were also evaluated in vitro plant growth promoting attributes. In the present investigation, 46%, 16.6%, 75% and 21% of bacterial population associated with rhizosphere soil were found to be phosphate solubilizing, IAA, siderophore and HCN producing respectively whereas in bulk soil 5.5%, 38.8% and 67% of bacterial population were found to be phosphate solubilizing, IAA and siderophore producing respectively. The results suggest that higher percentage of phosphate solubilizers, IAA, siderophore and HCN producers were found in rhizospheric soils of pigeonpea as comparison to bulk soils and may be exploited as biofertilizers or microbial inoculants in the soils of pigeon pea crops growing in the vicinity of middle Gangetic region of Uttar Pradesh.
Forcing for varying boundary layer stability across Antarctica

Abstract. The relative importance of changes in radiative forcing (downwelling longwave radiation) and mechanical mixing (20 m wind speed) in controlling boundary layer stability annually and seasonally at five study sites across the Antarctica continent is presented. From near neutral to extremely strong near-surface stability, radiative forcing decreases with increasing stability, as expected, and is shown to be a major driving force behind variations in near-surface stability at all five sites. Mechanical mixing usually decreases with increasing near-surface stability for regimes with weak to extremely strong stability. For the cases where near neutral, very shallow mixed, and weak stability occur, the wind speed in the very shallow mixed case is usually weaker compared to the near neutral and weak stability cases, while radiative forcing is largest for the near neutral cases. This finding is an important distinguishing factor for the unique case where a very shallow mixed layer is present, indicating that weaker mechanical mixing in this case is likely responsible for the shallower boundary layer that defines the very shallow mixed stability regime. For cases with enhanced stability above a layer of weaker near-surface stability, lower downwelling longwave radiation promotes the persistence of the stronger stability aloft, while stronger near-surface winds act to maintain weaker stability immediately near the surface, resulting in this two-layer boundary layer stability regime.
Leg regeneration in web spiders and its implications for orb weaver phylogeny

Many spiders regenerate lost legs. Such regeneration seems to be an ancestral trait. Regenerated legs emerge during a moult and often appear to be poorly-or non-functional until they themselves have moulted at least once more. Some web-building spiders (e.g. Nephila clavipes (Linn.), Zygiella x-notata (Clerck), Latrodectus mactans (Fabr.)) suppress regeneration in the coxa-trochanter joint but retain this faculty in the more distal sections of the leg. Other web-building spiders' (e.g. Araneus diadematus Clerck, Argiope argentata (Fabr.), Cyrtophora moluccensis (Doleschall)) regenerate lost legs in the coxa-trochanter joint, as well as further distad. In these latter species regenerated legs or regenerated segments are nearly always fully functional a few hours after their emergence. Regeneration is widespread in arachnids and can be assumed to be a plesiomorphic trait. Inhibition of regeneration localised at a particular articulation is a synapomorphic trait for a few groups of web-building spiders (viz. the Theridiidae, Pholcidae and Tetragnath-idae, possibly also the Linyphiidae and Uloboridae). Inhibition of regeneration has heretofore not been used as a taxonomic character. It is an unambiguous trait (with only 2 states: present or absent). I believe that a closer examination of this character might shed light on orb weaver phylogeny.
Final Pleistocene and Early Holocene at Sitio do Meio, Piauí, Brazil: Stratigraphy and comparison with Pedra Furada

English: Sitio do Meio, in southern Piaui, Brazil, is the second rock shelter presenting fully Pleistocene dates and artefacts after Pedra Furada. Despite the anthropogenic origin of Pedra Furada artefacts has been questioned, SDM has better chances to be accepted by the scientific community because of the absence of the most relevant stone breaking agents in this kind of site, i.e. waterfalls. This paper presents a critical revision of the history of excavations (1980-2000), stratigraphy, chronology, and the archaeological content of the site (sector 2). At least 98 stone tools have been identified and described, all of them being older than 12,500 BP, i.e. belonging to the Upper Pleistocenic phase of Pedra Furada 3, as defined in the close reference site. The lithic industry of Serra Talhada phase (lower Holocene) is also presented and compared with paleoindian sites of North-Eastern and Central Brazil. French: Le Sitio do meio, dans le Piaui meridional (Bresil) est le deuxieme abri sous roche de la region ayant livre des dates pleistocenes en dehors du site de la Pedra Furada. L'article presente une revision critique des fouilles (1980-2000), la chronostratigraphie et le contenu archeologique du secteur 2. Une centaine d'outils lithiques sont decrits, ils sont plus anciens de 12,5 ka BP et correspondent a la phase Pleistocene Pedra Furada 3 definie dans le site eponyme de reference. On presente aussi l' industrie lithique de la phase Serra Talhada (Holocene ancien) en la comparant aux industries paleoindiennes du Nord-Est et du centre du Bresil.
Social Media Use By People With Diabetes In Saudi Arabia: A Survey About Purposes, Bene ﬁ ts And Risks Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the use of social media by people with diabetes in Saudi Arabia and to know the purposes, bene ﬁ ts and risks of its use. Methods: In this study a cross-sectional survey was carried out with a random sample of 158 people with all type of diabetes living in Saudi Arabia. The survey was distributed using WhatsApp and Twitter accounts of diabetic associations in Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Results: The majority of the respondents were females (69%), and most of them had type 1 diabetes (70%). Almost half (47%) of the sampled population stated that they used social media for obtaining information related to diabetes; 34% employed these platforms to get information not linked to diabetes; and the rest, 19%, were not users of social media. Also, the participants used these tools for different purposes; and the most used social media for obtaining diabetes related information were WhatsApp (67%), Twitter (54%) and Snapchat (39%). The principal bene ﬁ ts involved in the utilization of social media were raising awareness about diabetes (78%), improving education among patients (78%), and facilitation of communication between patients and doctors (44%). The respondents pondered that breaching of patient privacy (5%) and dissemination of inaccurate information (30%) were dangers implicated in the use of social media. Conclusion: The outcomes indicated that WhatsApp was the social media most used by the participants to communicate and obtain information about diabetes. According to the participants, social media platforms were useful to improve education, awareness and communication among people with diabetes, family and doctors. However, due to the risks involved in the use of social media, health and educational organizations must work to ensure that the published information is accurate and does not affect the privacy of patients and healthcare providers.