Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EAE of Mice: Enzymatic Cross Site-Specific Hydrolysis of H2B Histone by IgGs against H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 Histones and Myelin Basic Protein

Histones have vital roles in chromatin functioning and gene transcription. At the same time, they are pernicious in intercellular space because they stimulate systemic inflammatory and toxic responses. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is the major protein of the axon myelin–proteolipid sheath. Antibody-abzymes with various catalytic activities are specific features of some autoimmune diseases. IgGs against five individual histones (H2B, H1, H2A, H3, and H4) and MBP were isolated from the blood of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-prone C57BL/6 mice by affinity chromatography. Abzymes corresponding to various stages of EAE development, including spontaneous EAE, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)- and DNA-histone complex-accelerated onset, as well as acute and remission stages, were analyzed. IgG-abzymes against MBP and five individual histones showed unusual polyreactivity in complex formation and enzymatic cross-reactivity in the specific hydrolysis of H2B histone. All IgGs against MBP and individual histones in 3-month-old mice (zero time) demonstrated from 4 to 11 different H2B hydrolysis sites. Spontaneous development of EAE during 60 days led to a significant change in the type and number of H2B hydrolysis sites by IgGs against the five histones and MBP. Mouse treatment with MOG and DNA-histone complex changed the type and number of H2B hydrolysis sites compared to zero time. The minimum number (3) of different H2B hydrolysis sites was found for IgGs against H3 20 days after mouse immunization with DNA-histone complex, whereas the maximum number (33) for anti-H2B IgGs was found 60 days after mouse treatment with DNA-histone complex. Overall, this is the first study to demonstrate that at different stages of EAE evolution, IgG-abzymes against five individual histones and MBP could significantly differ in the specific sites and number of H2B hydrolysis sites. Possible reasons for the catalytic cross-reactivity and significant differences in the number and type of histone H2B cleavage sites were analyzed.
Investigation of Microplastics (≥10 μm) in Meconium by Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy

Microplastics are prevalent emerging pollutants with widespread distribution in air, land and water. They have been detected in human stool, blood, lungs, and placentas. However, human fetal microplastic exposure remains largely under-studied. To assess fetal microplastic exposure, we investigated microplastics using 16 meconium samples. We used hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric acid (HNO3) and a combination of Fenton’s reagent and HNO3 pretreatment methods respectively to digest the meconium sample. We analyzed 16 pretreated meconium samples with an ultra-depth three-dimensional microscope and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. The result showed that H2O2, HNO3 and Fenton’s reagent combined with HNO3 pretreatment methods could not digest our meconium samples completely. Alternatively, we developed a novel approach with high digestion efficiency using petroleum ether and alcohol (4:1, v/v), HNO3 and H2O2. This pretreatment method had good recovery and non-destructive advantages. We found no microplastics (≥10 μm) in our meconium samples, indicating that microplastic pollution levels in the fetal living environment are miniscule. Different results between previous studies’ and ours underscore that comprehensive and strict quality control are necessary for further studies on microplastic exposure using human bio-samples.
Correlation structure dependence of the effective permeability of heterogeneous porous media

A theory is given in which the effective permeability tensor Keff of heterogeneous porous media is derived by a perturbation expansion of Darcy’s law in the variance σ2 of the log‐permeability ln[κ(ub;;‐45rubx)]. The only assumption is that the spatially varying permeability κ(ub;;‐45rubx) is a expressed in terms of the moments of the distribution of ln[κ(ub;;‐45rubx)], i.e. Keff can formally be computed for any given distribution of the fluctuations of the log‐permeability. The explicit dependence of Keff on multi‐point statistics is given for non‐gaussian log‐permeability fluctuations up to order σ6. As a special case of the theory, we examine Keff for a normal distribution function for both isotropic and anisotropic media. In the case of three‐dimensional isotropic porous media, a conjecture has been made in the past according to which the scalar effective permeability κeff=KGexp[σ2/6] where KG is the geometric mean of the log‐permeability. It is shown here that this conjecture is incorrect as the σ6‐o.
MERLIN and EVN observations of small-scale structure in the interstellar H i

We present the first images of galactic HI absorption seen against two background quasars made with 100-au resolution. The two quasars, 3C 138 and 3C 147, are compact steep spectrum sources with angular sizes of around 1.5 arcsec. Two prominent spectral features are observed for both quasars. Their positions are 10° above and below the galactic plane. Both sources show significant variations in the optical depth of hydrogen but in one of the two lines only. In one case the variation is in the high optical depth line and in the other it is in the low optical depth line. An explanation for these variations is given based on fractal structure within a clumpy H I cloud.
Experimental comparison of flow pattern around convergent-vertical and divergent-vertical pier groups located in a 180 degree sharp bend with streamwise direction

ABSTRACT The flow pattern at the meandering rivers changes to a helical flow. The installation of bridge piers on the meandering river and collision of the flow with pier geometry creates a far more complicated flow. The experiments were performed in a 180-degree bend channel and a radius to curvature ratio of two. The pier groups were installed in convergent-vertical in streamwise direction (CVS) and divergent-vertical in streamwise direction (DVS). The results show that the earliest eddy flows in the convergent-vertical pier groups were formed at near water surface level. According to the findings, the formation of return flow from a 77.5 degree angle and at a distance of 35 to 45 percent of the width of the channel from the inner bank happened. However, the return flows were initiated from the 87.5 degree and at a distance of 60% to 70% of the width of the channel from the inner bank in the divergent-vertical pier group. The power of secondary flow in convergent-vertical and divergent-vertical pier groups occurred at 85 and 87.5 degree sections respectively, and equal to 3.5 and 1.25 times the pier diameter from the center of the piers’ location upstream.
The irrelevance of R&D intensity in the ESG disclosure? Insights from top 10 listed companies on global Islamic indices

Abstract This study investigates the potential influence of several pertinent factors including R&D intensity, directors’ education, and firm size towards ESG disclosure. This study utilised samples from top 10 companies listed in 6 (six) different Global Islamic Indices with a three-year observation period (2017–2019) resulting in 99 observations. Global Islamic listed companies have rarely been studied in ESG-related issues. The pre-COVID-19 pandemic period was chosen to avoid the potential effects of pandemic on the subject of this study. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. It was found that all the independent variables simultaneously influence the ESG disclosure, while partially directors’ education are influencing the variable, and both R&D intensity and firm size do not influence the ESG disclosure. Confirming the agency theory, it is argued that the board characteristics are important in predicting overall board performance in carrying out their monitoring responsibilities, in this case, monitoring and encouraging companies to disclose more ESG information in their sustainability reports. This study signifies the role of directors even within the Islamic listed companies that the more highly educated the members of the board, they will tend to disclose more ESG information on their sustainability reports. This study contributes to the existing ESG disclosure and sharia-based investing literature by utilizing global-based indices instead of local indices in Muslim-majority countries, mirroring the current uptrend in world-wide sharia investing and the call for companies to be more sustainable in doing their business.
Poynting in the wrong direction

There are a number of well known reasons for believing that the Poynting vector does not give the rate of flow of electromagnetic energy at a point. These are critically discussed. An alternative expression for this rate of flow has been sought by considering a distribution of charges all moving with the same velocity, and insisting that the energy flow should have this velocity. No alternative has been found which satisfies this requirement, and also gives the correct result for radiation from an oscillating electric dipole.
RADIAL FLOW PATTERN OF A SLOW CORONAL MASS EJECTION

Height–time plots of the leading edge of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have often been used to study CME kinematics. We propose a new method to analyze the CME kinematics in more detail by determining the radial mass transport process throughout the entire CME. Thus, our method is able to estimate not only the speed of the CME front but also the radial flow speed inside the CME. We have applied this method to a slow CME with an average leading edge speed of about 480 km s−1. In the Lagrangian frame, the speeds of the individual CME mass elements stay almost constant within 2 and 15 RS, the range over which we analyzed the CME. Hence, we have no evidence of net radial forces acting on parts of the CME in this range or of a pile up of mass ahead of the CME. We find evidence that the leading edge trajectory obtained by tie-pointing may gradually lag behind the Lagrangian front-side trajectories derived from our analysis. Our results also allow a much more precise estimate of the CME energy. Compared with conventional estimates using the CME total mass and leading edge motion, we find that the latter may overestimate the kinetic energy and the gravitational potential energy.
Pricing of Discretely Sampled Asian Options Under Levy Processes

We develop a new method for pricing options on discretely sampled arithmetic average in exponential L'evy models. The main idea is the reduction to a backward induction procedure for the difference W_n between the Asian option with averaging over n sampling periods and the price of the European option with maturity one period. This allows for an efficient truncation of the state space. At each step of backward induction, W_n is calculated accurately and fast using a piece-wise interpolation or splines, fast convolution and either iFFT or the parabolic inverse Fourier transform. Numerical results demonstrate the advantages of the method.
Convergence analysis of the streamline diffusion and discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Vlasov‐Fokker‐Planck system

We prove stability estimates and derive optimal convergence rates for the streamline diffusion and discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods for discretization of the multi‐dimensional Vlasov‐Fokker‐Planck system. The focus is on the theoretical aspects, where we deal with construction and convergence analysis of the discretization schemes. Some related special cases are implemented in M. Asadzadeh [Appl Comput Meth 1(2) (2002), 158–175] and M. Asadzadeh and A. Sopasakis [Comput Meth Appl Mech Eng 191(41–42) (2002), 4641–4661]. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005
Two Theorems for Inferences about the Normal Distribution with Applications in Acceptance Sampling

Abstract Two theorems are presented which are useful in making inferences about the univariate normal distribution. Some applications of the theorems are given. It is thought that the theorems will prove useful in other contexts. Theorem 1 represents the normal (0, 1) random variable as a product of two independent random variables in infinitely many ways. Theorem 2 gives the expected value of the cumulative distribution function of the normal (0, 1) distribution, when the argument of this function is a linear combination of a normal and an independent chi random variable.
Gender and income inequality in the UK 1968–90: the feminization of earnings or of poverty?

This paper uses data from the Family Expenditure Survey for five selected years between 1968 and 1990 to examine trends in the income distribution in the UK, highlighting the role of women's labour force participation and earnings. The increased labour force participation of married women (especially mothers of young children in the 1980s) made a greater contribution to the decline of the ‘traditional’ male breadwinner family than the increased number of lone parents. The lower half of the distribution of weekly earnings became increasingly dominated by women. Though women's weekly earnings remained low relative to men's, the increase in their participation meant that, over the period, an increased share of family income came from women's labour market income: in 1990 nearly a quarter of the income of families with children came from women's earnings. Women's earnings were an important factor in keeping families out of poverty. There was no trend towards increasing feminization of poverty over the sample period. Adult women were somewhat more likely to be poor than adult men were, but female‐headed families were very much more likely to be in poverty, and much more dependent on state benefits, than male‐headed families were. Women's increased role in the labour market affected those in male‐headed families more than those in female‐headed families. Alongside a broad tendency for women's earnings to reduce poverty and inequality, there is evidence that the female population has become more economically polarized.
Testing the Just-In-Time Inventory Model Effect on Organizational Effectiveness for Egyptian Manufacturing Industries

Inventories are playing vital role in every business, so organization needs to have proper control and management of inventories as it may lead to increase in manufacturing cost. A correctly managed inventory can significantly affect organizational effectiveness. Just in Time (JIT) has been treated as one of the best manufacturing methods to address issues related to all types of inventories and wastes. Thus, this research broadens the geographical range by measuring the relationship between inventory level and organizational effectiveness through JIT in the Egyptian context, using questionnaires with a final sample 517 respondents, at Egyptian industrially certified ISO standard businesses operating in a variety of areas for measuring inventory levels. The findings demonstrated that inventory level significantly affects organisational effectiveness via the mediating function of JIT inventory. This research recommended to decision makers to manage and reduce their inventory level as it is proved that inventories represent a poor method for managing an organization because it increases the cost of manufacturing. Also, to work on enhancing the organizational effectiveness (Aligning, Exploiting, and Mobilizing) by always working on solving any problem that could face the organiza - tion as well as developing the whole operation and make it more advanced. As well, apply the most advanced technologies and machines that support the process of JIT.
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy measurement of the elastic constants of cyclotrimethylene trinitramine

We used a resonant ultrasound spectroscopy technique to measure the nine independent elastic constants of cyclotrimethylene trinitramine C3H6N6O6 also known by its code designation RDX. The measurements were made on a single crystal grown from acetone containing RDX in solution. The elastic constants in gigapascal units are C11=25.6, C22=21.3, C33=19.0, C23=6.4, C31=5.72, C12=8.67, C44=5.38, C55=4.27, and C66=7.27.
Diaphragmatic Dynamics and Thickness Parameters Assessed by Ultrasonography Predict Extubation Success in Critically Ill Patients

INTRODUCTION A frequent cause of weaning and extubation failure in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients is diaphragm muscle dysfunction. Ultrasound (US) evaluation of the diaphragm yields important data regarding its thickness (diaphragm thickening fraction [TFdi]) and its movement or excursion (diaphragmatic dynamics) that reveal the presence of diaphragmatic dysfunction. METHODS Cross-sectional study, which included patients older than 18 years with invasive mechanical ventilation with an expected duration of more than 48 h, in a tertiary referral center in Colombia. The excursion of the diaphragm, inspiratory and expiratory thickness, and TFdi were evaluated by US. Prevalence and use of medications were evaluated, and the association with failure in ventilatory weaning and extubation was analyzed. RESULTS Sixty-one patients were included. The median age and APACHE IV score were 62.42 years and 78.23, respectively. The prevalence of diaphragmatic dysfunction (assessed by excursion and TFdi) was 40.98%. The sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for TFdi < 20% was 86%, 24%, 75%, and 40%, respectively, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.6. The ultrasonographic analysis of excursion of the diaphragm, inspiratory and expiratory thickness, and TFdi (>20%) allow in its set and with normal values, predict success or failure for the extubation with an area under the ROC curve of 0.87. CONCLUSION Diaphragmatic dynamics and thickness parameters together assessed by ultrasonography could predict the success of extubation in critically ill patients in Colombia, based on the finding of diaphragmatic dysfunction.
Metabolomic Characteristics of Cecum Contents in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice Intervened with Different Fibers

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of single or mixed fibers (arabinoxylan, β-glucan, xyloglucan, and inulin) on the metabolome of cecum content in mice with obesity caused by a high-fat diet. Twenty-eight six-week-old male mice were divided randomly into seven groups (n = 4/group), including a normal-diet group (CON), a high-fat-diet group (HFD), and groups with the same high-fat diet but supplemented with arabinoxylan (HFAX), arabinoxylan + β-glucan (HFAβ), arabinoxylan + xyloglucan (HFAG), xyloglucan (HFXG), and xyloglucan + inulin (HFXI). A total of 66 molecules were identified and quantified in cecum content by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR). The metabolomic profiles combined with statistical analysis revealed compounds distinguishing the control group from those supplemented with fibers. In detail, a high-fat diet could significantly elevate the concentrations of acetone and methionine (p < 0.05) while decreasing the levels of methanol, arabinose, acetate, and 3-hydroxyphenylacetate (p < 0.05) in the cecum contents of mice. Compared to HFD, the supplementation caused higher levels of fumarate and hypoxanthine (p < 0.05) and lower levels of phenylacetate, acetate, fucose, formate, proline, betaine, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) (p < 0.05). An enrichment analysis highlighted that the pathways mainly altered were amino sugar metabolism, aspartate metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. In conclusion, non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) supplementation could change the metabolomic profiles of cecum contents in obese mice as a result of a high-fat diet. Moreover, mixed NSPs exhibited more beneficial effects than singular form on gut metabolism.
On arrivals that see time averages: a martingale approach

This paper is a sequel to our previous paper investigating when arrivals see time averages (ASTA) in a stochastic model; i.e., when the steady-state distribution of an embedded sequence, obtained by observing a continuous-time stochastic process just prior to the points (arrivals) of an associated point process, coincides with the steady-state distribution of the observed process. The relation between the two distributions was also characterized when ASTA does not hold. These results were obtained using the conditional intensity of the point process given the present state of the observed process (assumed to be well defined) and basic properties of Riemann–Stieltjes integrals. Here similar results are obtained using the stochastic intensity associated with the martingale theory of point processes, as in Brémaud (1981). In the martingale framework, the ASTA result is almost an immediate consequence of the definition of a stochastic intensity. In a stationary framework, the results characterize the Palm distribution, but stationarity is not assumed here. Watanabe's (1964) martingale characterization of a Poisson process is also applied to establish a general version of anti–PASTA: if the points of the point process are appropriately generated by the observed process and the observed process is Markov with left-continuous sample paths, then ASTA implies that the point process must be Poisson.
External Threats, Capacity, and Repression: How the Threat of War Affects Political Development and Physical Integrity Rights

Abstract How do external threats affect leaders' incentives to repress? We argue that external threats both increase and decrease state repression, but through different causal pathways. Directly, external threats provide leaders with political cover to use repression against political opponents. Indirectly, threats incentivize leaders to augment state capacity, which decreases the likelihood of state repression. To test this argument, we develop a new latent measure of external threat using a Bayesian measurement model. We use mediation analysis to examine the direct and indirect effects of external threats on repression in developing countries from 1980 to 2016. We find that external threats increase government repression directly, but indirectly decrease repression through stronger state capacity. Our findings have implications for how international factors connect to domestic politics to help explain state repression. In addition, our new measure of external threat will help scholars study the consequences of the international threat environment.
Full particle simulation of whistler-mode rising chorus emissions in the magnetosphere

[1] We perform an electromagnetic full particle simulation to study the generation mechanism of VLF whistler-mode chorus emissions in the equatorial region of the magnetosphere. Parabolic variation of the static magnetic field is assumed as a model for the dipole magnetic field in the vicinity of the equator. We have cold thermal electrons and relatively low anisotropic hot electrons as plasma particles. In the initial phase, the amplitude growth of the incoherent whistler-mode waves is determined by the linear growth rate. When the wave amplitude reaches a certain level, it begins to grow more rapidly with a series of rising tone emissions consisting of coherent phase structures in the vicinity of the magnetic equator, and their wave packets propagate away form the magnetic equator. The frequency sweep rates of the excited rising tone elements decrease gradually. We find a distinct threshold for such a nonlinear wave growth generating the rising chorus-like elements. The relation between the wave amplitude and the frequency sweep rate of each element found in the simulation fully supports the nonlinear wave growth theory of chorus emissions.