Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The interactive use of magnetoencephalography in stereotactic image-guided neurosurgery.

OBJECTIVE To expand the use of magnetoencephalography (MEG) functional mapping in the operating room as well as preoperatively, a method of integrating the MEG sensorimotor mapping information into a stereotactic database, using computed tomographic scans, magnetic resonance imaging scans, and digital angiography, was developed. The combination of functional mapping and the stereotactic technique allows simultaneous viewing of the spatial relationship between the MEG-derived functional mapping, the radiological/structural anatomic characteristics, and the pathological abnormality. METHODS MEG data were collected using a MAGNES II Biomagnetometer and were incorporated into the COMPASS frame-based and REGULUS frameless stereotactic systems. The transformation process, by calculating a translational vector and a rotation matrix, integrates functional and anatomic information that is then directly available intraoperatively in the stereotactic database. This procedure was employed in 10 patients undergoing computer-assisted stereotactic volumetric resections for lesions involving the sensorimotor cortex. The principles of coregistration and coordinate transformation are reviewed in the context of preoperative functional mapping. We introduce innovations to apply these techniques to intraoperative stereotactic systems. RESULTS Tests of the accuracy of the intraoperative integration of functional information in patients and calibration phantoms indicated close agreement with earlier preoperative methods. The intraoperative availability of functional information was a significant aid to the surgeon because it provided more accurate information on the location of functional tissue than could be derived solely by radiological criteria. CONCLUSION The real-time availability of functional mapping information in an interactive fashion can reduce surgical risk and minimize functional morbidity. Within the ever-expanding realm of functional mapping and image-guided neurosurgery, further progress and integration of these methods is critical for resection of lesions involving eloquent cortex.
Automated Diagnosis of Diseases Based on Classification: Dynamic Determination of the Number of Trees in Random Forests Algorithm

The accurate diagnosis of diseases with high prevalence rate, such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, diabetes, breast cancer, and heart diseases, is one of the most important biomedical problems whose administration is imperative. In this paper, we present a new method for the automated diagnosis of diseases based on the improvement of random forests classification algorithm. More specifically, the dynamic determination of the optimum number of base classifiers composing the random forests is addressed. The proposed method is different from most of the methods reported in the literature, which follow an overproduce-and-choose strategy, where the members of the ensemble are selected from a pool of classifiers, which is known a priori. In our case, the number of classifiers is determined during the growing procedure of the forest. Additionally, the proposed method produces an ensemble not only accurate, but also diverse, ensuring the two important properties that should characterize an ensemble classifier. The method is based on an online fitting procedure and it is evaluated using eight biomedical datasets and five versions of the random forests algorithm (40 cases). The method decided correctly the number of trees in 90% of the test cases.
An intelligent interface processor for a behaviour-based control robot

Abstract A behaviour-based control is considered as the best approach to control autonomous robots. In the near future, autonomous robots like mobile service robots are expected to assist people in a common environment such as houses or offices. Such situations require natural interaction between people and the robots. One way to facilitate this is by using a natural language interface (NLI). Unfortunately the major problem with natural language is that it is always ambiguous. Up to now, there is no existing NLI processor that can well solve the ambiguity problems for human-robot interface. This paper presents a new methodology for creating an intelligent NLI processor for a mobile service robot that uses a behaviour-based control. The methodology uses a fuzzy approach and history knowledge. The history knowledge is an innovation in this work.
Genetic Dissection of Photoreceptor Subtype Specification by the Drosophila melanogaster Zinc Finger Proteins Elbow and No ocelli

The elbow/no ocelli (elb/noc) complex of Drosophila melanogaster encodes two paralogs of the evolutionarily conserved NET family of zinc finger proteins. These transcriptional repressors share a conserved domain structure, including a single atypical C2H2 zinc finger. In flies, Elb and Noc are important for the development of legs, eyes and tracheae. Vertebrate NET proteins play an important role in the developing nervous system, and mutations in the homolog ZNF703 human promote luminal breast cancer. However, their interaction with transcriptional regulators is incompletely understood. Here we show that loss of both Elb and Noc causes mis-specification of polarization-sensitive photoreceptors in the ‘dorsal rim area’ (DRA) of the fly retina. This phenotype is identical to the loss of the homeodomain transcription factor Homothorax (Hth)/dMeis. Development of DRA ommatidia and expression of Hth are induced by the Wingless/Wnt pathway. Our data suggest that Elb/Noc genetically interact with Hth, and we identify two conserved domains crucial for this function. Furthermore, we show that Elb/Noc specifically interact with the transcription factor Orthodenticle (Otd)/Otx, a crucial regulator of rhodopsin gene transcription. Interestingly, different Elb/Noc domains are required to antagonize Otd functions in transcriptional activation, versus transcriptional repression. We propose that similar interactions between vertebrate NET proteins and Meis and Otx factors might play a role in development and disease.
17O-Dynamic NMR and DFT Investigation of Bis(acyloxy)iodoarenes

Bis(acetoxy)iodobenzene and related acyloxy derivatives of hypervalent I(III) were studied by variable temperature solution-state 17O-NMR and DFT calculations. The 17O-NMR spectra reveal a dynamic process that interchanges the oxygen atoms of the acyloxy groups. For the first time, coalescence events could be detected for such compounds, allowing the determination of activation free energy data which are found to range between 44 and 47 kJ/mol. The analysis of the 17O linewidth measured for bis(acetoxy)iodobenzene indicates that the activation entropy is negligible. DFT calculations show that the oxygen atom exchange arises as a consequence of the [1,3]-sigmatropic shift of iodine. The calculated activation barriers are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. Both the 17O-NMR and DFT studies show that the solvent and chemical alterations, such as modification of the acyl groups or para- substitution of the benzene ring, hardly affect the energetics of the dynamic process. The low I-O Wiberg bond index (0.41–0.42) indicates a possible explanation of the invariance of both the energy barrier and the 17O chemical shift with para-substitution.
Survey of Conversational Behavior: Towards the Design of a Balanced Corpus of Everyday Japanese Conversation

In 2016, we set about building a large-scale corpus of everyday Japanese conversation―a collection of conversations embedded in naturally occurring activities in daily life. We will collect more than 200 hours of recordings over six years,publishing the corpus in 2022. To construct such a huge corpus, we have conducted a pilot project, one of whose purposes is to establish a corpus design for collecting various kinds of everyday conversations in a balanced manner. For this purpose, we conducted a survey of everyday conversational behavior, with about 250 adults, in order to reveal how diverse our everyday conversational behavior is and to build an empirical foundation for corpus design. The questionnaire included when, where, how long,with whom, and in what kind of activity informants were engaged in conversations. We found that ordinary conversations show the following tendencies: i) they mainly consist of chats, business talks, and consultations; ii) in general, the number of participants is small and the duration of the conversation is short; iii) many conversations are conducted in private places such as homes, as well as in public places such as offices and schools; and iv) some questionnaire items are related to each other. This paper describes an overview of this survey study, and then discusses how to design a large-scale corpus of everyday Japanese conversation on this basis.
Beliefs in Repeated Games

Consider a two-player discounted infinitely repeated game. A player's belief is a probability distribution over the opponent's repeated game strategies. This paper shows that, for a large class of repeated games, there are no beliefs that satisfy three conditions, learnability, consistency, and a diversity condition, CS. This impossibility theorem generalizes results in Nachbar (1997).
Secure device pairing based on a visual channel

Recently several researchers and practitioners have begun to address the problem of how to set up secure communication between two devices without the assistance of a trusted third party. McCune et al., (2005) proposed that one device displays the hash of its public key in the form of a barcode, and the other device reads it using a camera. Mutual authentication requires switching the roles of the devices and repeating the above process in the reverse direction. In this paper, we show how strong mutual authentication can be achieved even with a unidirectional visual channel, without having to switch device roles. By adopting recently proposed improved pairing protocols, we propose how visual channel authentication can be used even on devices that have very limited displaying capabilities
(Ethylenediamine-κ2 N,N′)bis[3-(2-pyridyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazolato-κ2 N 2,N 3]zinc(II) methanol solvate dihydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Zn(C12H8N5)2(C2H8N2)]·CH3OH·2H2O, contains a ZnII cation, octahedrally coordinated by two 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazolate anions, a chelating ethane-1,2-diamine molecule, a methanol solvent molecule, and two crystal water molecules. In the crystal packing, complex molecules are linked by hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional layer.
Smart Prolong Fuzzy Wireless Sensor-Actor Network for Agricultural Application

The advances in pervasive communication, sensing and computing of wireless sensor networks technologies are leading to the emergence of wireless sensor-actor networks. The spreading merit of WSAN has led to increasing interest in rendering them with expert knowledge to be smart and autonomous networks, which have the potential to enable a large class of applications in multiple fields. Fusion of artificial intelligent with wireless sensor actor networks (WSAN) is emerging as a new generation of smart autonomous WSAN. Primarily two most important greenhouse climate parameters are considered which are the temperature and humidity during diurnal and nocturnal time. Actuator and sensor nodes has been managed by cognitive wireless sensor-actor network based greenhouse (CWSAN-GH) Coordinator node (MGHSN) which mimics the brain of the laborer to provide reliable, power conserving, autonomous control system of a greenhouse climate. Fuzzy logic controller enables engineers to control more complex systems more effectively than the conventional control methods which are not efficient in terms of energy, labor interference, productivity and flexibility. This paper presents the fusion of artificial intelligence represented by FIS with WSAN for greenhouse climate control. Also the long life operation of network nodes based on the low power consumption is presented. Smart algorithm of the network sensor nodes, which contributes of reducing the power consumption, is addressed in detail. Initial field test for the CWSAN-GH is presented too. The combination of AI with actor WSN proves high efficiently, cost effective method, beside flexibility of tuning the whole system for other agricultural tasks.
N-Glycosylation of Human R-Spondin 1 Is Required for Efficient Secretion and Stability but Not for Its Heparin Binding Ability

R-spondin 1 (Rspo1) plays an essential role in stem cell biology by potentiating Wnt signaling activity. Despite the fact that Rspo1 holds therapeutic potential for a number of diseases, its biogenesis is not fully elucidated. All Rspo proteins feature two amino-terminal furin-like repeats, which are responsible for Wnt signal potentiation, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TSR1) domain that can provide affinity towards heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Using chemical inhibitors, deglycosylase and site-directed mutagenesis, we found that human Rspo1 and Rspo3 are both N-glycosylated at N137, a site near the C-terminus of the furin repeat 2 domain, and Rspo2 is N-glycosylated at N160, a position near the N-terminus of TSR1 domain. Elimination of N-glycosylation at these sites affects their accumulation in media but have no effect on the ability towards heparin. Introduction of the N-glycosylation site to Rspo2 mutant at the position homologous to N137 in Rspo1 restored full glycosylation and rescued the accumulation defect of nonglycosylated Rspo2 mutant in media. Similar effect can be observed in the N137 Rspo1 or Rspo3 mutant engineered with Rspo2 N-glycosylation site. The results highlight the importance of N-glycosylation at these two positions in efficient folding and secretion of Rspo family. Finally, we further showed that human Rspo1 is subjected to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control in N-glycan-dependent manner. While N-glycan of Rspo1 plays a role in its intracellular stability, it had little effect on secreted Rspo1. Our findings provide evidence for the critical role of N-glycosylation in the biogenesis of Rspo1.
Silver: A Scalable, Distributed, Multi-versioning, Always Growing (Ag) File System

The storage needs of users have shifted from just needing to store data to requiring a rich interface which enables the efficient query of versions, snapshots and creation of clones. Providing these features in a distributed file system while maintaining scalability, strong consistency and performance remains a challenge. In this paper we introduce Silver, a file system which leverages the Corfu distributed logging system to not only store data, but to provide fast strongly consistent snapshots, clones and multi-versioning while preserving the scalability and performance of the distributed shared log. We describe and implement Silver using a FUSE prototype and show its performance characteristics.
Progress in Mapping Human Epilepsy Genes

Summary: The chromosomal loci for seven epilepsy genes have been identified in chromosomes lq, 6p, 8q, 16p, 20q, 21q, and 22q. In 1987, the first epilepsy locus was mapped in a common benign idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Properdin factor or Bf, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), and DNA markers in the HLA‐DQ region were genetically linked to JME and the locus, named EJM1, was assigned to the short arm of chromosome 6. Our latest studies, as well as those by White‐house et al., show that not all families with JME have their genetic locus in chromosome 6p, and that childhood absence epilepsy does not map to the same EJM1 locus. Recent results, therefore, favor genetic heterogeneity for JME and for the common idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Heterogeneity also exists in benign familial neonatal convulsions, a rare form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Two loci are now recognized; one in chromosome 20q (EBN1) and another in chromosome 8q. Heterogeneity also exists for the broad group of debilitating and often fatal progressive myoclonus epilepsies (PME). The gene locus (EPMI) for both the Baltic and Mediterranean types of PME or Unverricht‐Lundborg disease is the same and is located in the long arm of chromosome 21. Lafora type of PME does not map to the same EPMI locus in chromosome 21. PME can be caused by the juvenile type of Gaucher's disease, which maps to chromosome lq, by the juvenile type of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (CLN3), which maps to chromosome 16p, and by the “cherry‐red‐spot‐myoclonus” syndrome of Guazzi or sialidosis type I, which has been localized to chromosome 10. A point mutation in the mitochondrial tRNALys coding gene can also cause PME in children and adults (MERFF).
Operational decision support system for sustainable water resource management for Sungai Selangor

The Selangor River lies on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, 70 km north of Kuala Lumpur. The Selangor catchment area is approximately 2000 km2 and has two major dams located in the upstream part of the catchment: Sungai Selangor Dam and Sungai Tinggi Dam. Lembaga Urus Air Selangor (LUAS) is the Malaysian government agency responsible for water resources management of the Selangor catchment, their main challenge being to balance an increase in water demand, whilst trying to manage the catchment’s environmental state. Key to this is the amount of water that is being released from the two reservoirs. The current manual decision-making process (based on staff experience) does not provide LUAS with the efficiency and accuracy that is required in a catchment where sustainability is key and water resources are not always abundant. A solution was required to improve the management of the current resources, thus reducing the need for the costly and environmentally contentious development of new infrastructure. The operational Decision Support System (DSS) for sustainable water resources management of the Sungai Selangor catchment is a non-structural tool developed to support LUAS in optimising the reservoir releases and water abstractions in the catchment; it is also known as LUAS Intelligent Support System (LiSS). LiSS is a fully automated system that is driven by a combination of live, telemetered gauged data from various sources including the InfoBanjir telemetry database and Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) rainfall forecasts from the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD). Simulations are carried out automatically on an hourly basis, to calculate and forecast whether flows at Bestari Jaya Barrage near the main abstraction location (SSP1) are being maintained at the required levels. If the required flows are not met, being either too high or too low, the model is re-run using an adjusted reservoir release time series. LiSS should also be able to help LUAS in future increase the sustainability of management of water resources in the Selangor catchment. This paper describes the approach developed to support LUAS meet this objective, in a manner that can be used in real-time, and which can be transferred to other catchments in future. The advantages and disadvantages of potentially expanding this system to use ensemble forecasts, data assimilation and optimisation algorithms are discussed, along with suggestions for further research.
Evolution of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) over space and time in rural Filipino children

Very little is known about how spatial distance influences viral evolution or what local spatio-temporal patterns of evolution look like. In this study, we use data from a randomized controlled efficacy trial of an 11-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) undertaken in the Bohol province of the Philippines from July 2000 to December 2004. Viral culture and multiplex PCR were done on nasal wash specimens, collected from a sample of infants visiting the regional hospital or outpatient clinics during the vaccine trial. We performed a nested phylogeographic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) positive samples and classified virus samples into distinct subgroups. The geographic coordinates of household of residence were obtained for study participants using GPS and used to link phylogenetic results to the geographic location of each patient. We then performed a retrospective space-time scan statistic to identify the spatial location and temporal extent of clusters of each subgroup and visualized geographic patterns using GIS. The spatio-temporal scan statistic identified several unique space-time clusters of RSV-A and RSV-B subgroups. The results show that RSV subgroups evolve in distinct localized areas at different points in time, suggesting that spatial distance a population factors play an important role in viral evolution. Spatial analysis and geovisualization is the first step in exploring the effects of distance on viral evolution and potential ecological pressures that contribute to evolutionary pressures.
BRAVE NEW WORLDS IN STABLE HOMOTOPY THEORY

I will give a broad survey of the general area of structured ring spectra in modern constructions of the stable homotopy category. I will give some background and history, but my main focus will be a description of work in progress of Mike Mandell, Stefan Schwede, Brooke Shipley, and myself [24, 25]. By “modern” I mean that there must be a smash product that gives a point-set level symmetric monoidal structure on a closed model category. The associated homotopy category that is obtained by inverting the weak equivalences must be equivalent to the classical stable homotopy category, or at least to a reasonably large full subcategory. We define a strict ring spectrum or strict commutative ring spectrum to be a monoid or commutative monoid in any such symmetric monoidal category of spectra. In a really good category, the categories of monoids and of commutative monoids should themselves be model categories. All model categories in sight should be tensored and cotensored over either the category of spaces or the category of simplicial sets. I shall work throughout with spaces for definiteness. I shall focus on strict commutative ring spectra since their study is much deeper and more interesting than the study of merely associative strict ring spectra. I will start with a little history. Spectra were first introduced by Lima [21], a student of Spanier at Chicago, in 1958. There was quite a bit of work by many people, including Adams and Puppe, trying to construct a good stable homotopy category before the problem was solved by Mike Boardman in his 1964 PhD thesis at Warwick [4], which is still unpublished. A popularized, and in some respects bowdlerized, version of Boardman’s category was explained and written up by Adams in lectures given at Chicago in 1971 [1]. A parallel development of a category of simplicial spectra was begun by Kan in 1963 [16] although the crucial point, the definition of smash products, was only addressed later, in work of Kan and Whitehead [17] that was completed by Burghelea and Deleanu [7]. In the work that I have described so far, and in many later alternative constructions, the smash product only became associative, commutative, and unital after passage to the stable homotopy category. For that reason, ring and module spectra have traditionally been flabby homotopy theoretic objects, very useful for many applications, but hopelessly inadequate for others. In such a context, the cofiber of a map of module spectra is not in general again a module spectrum, hence one cannot do serious homotopy theory in categories of modules over ring spectra. There are many other such defects. I began looking for a way of constructing the stable homotopy category that would have good point-set level properties almost 30 years ago. In particular, I advertised the idea that a spectrum should be a sequence of spaces Ei together with homeomorphisms Ei ∼= ΩEi+1 at a conference in 1968 [26]. In 1972, Frank