Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Liquid Smoke from Shorea pachyphylla using Response Surface Methodology and its Characterization

The present study aims to optimize the processing variables producing liquid smoke from mabang wood (Shorea pachyphylla) by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In this investigation, a design of experiment with different combinations of pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time on the liquid smoke yield from mabang wood was applied. The response of the optimal yield, temperature, and time of pyrolysis was predicted using a mathematical model. The optimal operating conditions for the process of yielding 31.31% liquid smoke were identified at the pyrolysis temperature of 440◦C and pyrolysis time of 124 minutes. The effect of pyrolysis temperature was more significant than the pyrolysis time (p<0.05). The liquid smoke samples were evaluated by a GC-MS. The main chemical compound of the liquid smoke were 1,2-ethanediol (19.26%), fluoromethane (6.69%), formic acid (4.96%), 2-propanone (4.17%), acetic acid (18.64%), acetol (4.80%), furfural (9.94%), 2,4-hexadecanoic acid (3.45%), and guaiacol (2.93%).
The role of shared mental models in human-AI teams: a theoretical review

Abstract Mental models are knowledge structures employed by humans to describe, explain, and predict the world around them. Shared Mental Models (SMMs) occur in teams whose members have similar mental models of their task and of the team itself. Research on human teaming has linked SMM quality to improved team performance. Applied understanding of SMMs should lead to improvements in human-AI teaming. Yet, it remains unclear how the SMM construct may differ in teams of human and AI agents, how and under what conditions such SMMs form, and how they should be quantified. This paper presents a review of SMMs and the associated literature, including their definition, measurement, and relation to other concepts. A synthesized conceptual model is proposed for the application of SMM literature to the human-AI setting. Several areas of AI research are identified and reviewed that are highly relevant to SMMs in human-AI teaming but which have not been discussed via a common vernacular. A summary of design considerations to support future experiments regarding Human-AI SMMs is presented. We find that while current research has made significant progress, a lack of consistency in terms and of effective means for measuring Human-AI SMMs currently impedes realization of the concept.
Nitrogen accumulation and remobilisation in wheat and barley plants exposed to waterlogging at different developmental stages

ABSTRACT Context. Although waterlogging is known to decrease grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), its effect on plant N traits is still unknow. Aims. This study evaluated biomass N dynamics and partitioning to grains, in wheat and barley plants subjected to waterlogging. Methods. Under contrasting environmental conditions, two pot experiments exposing wheat and barley plants to waterlogging events for 15–20 days at five different developmental stages, from emergence to maturity were performed. Grain N concentration, grain N content, biomass N concentration, N utilisation efficiency (NUE) and N remobilisation were recorded. Key results. Both species responded similarly to waterlogging for most N traits. Reductions in grain N content differed according to the moment waterlogging occurred. The greatest reductions (46–77% compared to the control) being for waterlogging from the beginning of stem elongation to anthesis, which also showed the highest reductions in N remobilisation, N uptake at maturity, and N partitioning to the grains, but only a slight decrease in NUE. Grain N concentration raised drastically (up to 45 mg N g DW−1) with minimal grain yields. N concentration of aboveground biomass decreased during waterlogging, recovering control values at maturity. N content at maturity was related to the total biomass. Conclusions. Waterlogging differentially reduced N uptake and remobilisation to grains of wheat and barley depending on the developmental stage when water excess occurred. Implications. The impact of waterlogging on N economy of wheat and barley appears indirect and predominantly related to carrying effects of the stress on carbon economy due to growth reductions.
The Dimension of Bank Liquidity Creation: Culture Viewpoint

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of Hofstede’s four cultural indices (power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity) on bank liquidity creation using an international sample of 26,539 banks across 58 countries. We find that power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity decrease asset-side and off-balance sheet liquidity, but increase liability-side liquidity. By contrast, individualism increases asset-side and off-balance sheet liquidity but decreases liability-side liquidity. After excluding U.S. banks, our findings remain robust, suggesting that national culture is an important determinant of bank liquidity creation and that bank risk-taking has important implications that link national culture and bank liquidity creation. Regarding policymaking, our results indicate that the government should introduce regulations that restrict off-balance liquidity.
Assessment of ITS2 Region Relevance for Taxa Discrimination and Phylogenetic Inference among Pinaceae

The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) is one of the best-known universal DNA barcode regions. This short nuclear region is commonly used not only to discriminate taxa, but also to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships. However, the efficiency of using ITS2 in these applications depends on many factors, including the family under study. Pinaceae represents the largest family of extant gymnosperms, with many species of great ecological, economic, and medical importance. Moreover, many members of this family are representatives of rare, protected, or endangered species. A simple method for the identification of Pinaceae species based on DNA is necessary for their effective protection, authentication of products containing Pinaceae representatives, or phylogenetic inference. In this study, for the first time, we conducted a comprehensive study summarizing the legitimacy of using the ITS2 region for these purposes. A total of 368 sequences representing 71 closely and distantly related taxa of the seven genera and three subfamilies of Pinaceae were characterized for genetic variability and divergence. Intra- and interspecies distances of ITS2 sequences as well as rates of sequence identification and taxa discrimination among Pinaceae at various taxonomic levels, i.e., the species complex, genus, subfamily, and family, were also determined. Our study provides a critical assessment of the suitability of the ITS2 nuclear DNA region for taxa discrimination among Pinaceae. The obtained results clearly show that its usefulness for this purpose is limited.
Assessment of the Extrusion Process and Printability of Suspension-Type Drug-Loaded AffinisolTM Filaments for 3D Printing

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology enables the design of new drug delivery systems for personalised medicine. Polymers that can be molten are needed to obtain extruded filaments for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), one of the most frequently employed techniques for 3D printing. The aim of this work was to evaluate the extrusion process and the physical appearance of filaments made of a hydrophilic polymer and a non-molten model drug. Metformin was used as model drug and Affinisol™ 15LV as the main carrier. Drug-loaded filaments were obtained by using a single-screw extruder and, subsequently, their printability was tested. Blends containing up to a 60% and 50% drug load with 5% and 7.5% of auxiliary excipients, respectively, were successfully extruded. Between the obtained filaments, those containing up to 50% of the drug were suitable for use in FDM 3D printing. The studied parameters, including residence time, flow speed, brittleness, and fractal dimension, reflect a critical point in the extrusion process at between 30–40% drug load. This finding could be essential for understanding the behaviour of filaments containing a non-molten component.
Do Attractions Attract Tourists to a Destination? Explaining Theory with Empirical Data Based on Three Source Markets and Three Destinations

This investigation aims to understand tourists' motivation/attraction theories based on empirical data. It analyses tourists' basic profile, their key travel facts, needs and drivers/motivations, perceptions, top activities participated at the destinations, and places visited, along with destinations' promotional activities, which may trigger visitation/repeat visitation to destinations from source markets. In the current context, Britain, New Zealand, and Singapore are applied as destinations, whereas Australia, China, and India are source markets to analyse the empirical data made publicly available by Singapore Tourism Board, VisitBritain, and Tourism New Zealand. The empirical data supports that tourists' motivations and attractions are in line with Pearce's [1] model, and attraction and marketing appeals are in line with McKercher [2] and Leiper's [3] model. Singapore is specific needs satisfier for Indian and Chinese tourists, but it is a general need satisfier for substitutable attractions for Australians. Australians are attracted to particular attractions in Britain and New Zealand. Still, Indians travel with general needs, whereas appealing to Chinese visitors by Britain and New Zealand with specific and broad attractions do work. For New Zealand, to some extent, attractions become secondary. This paper provides implications for both inbound and outbound tourism stakeholders.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Leisure Related Public Space Use in Turkey

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has created radical changes in all aspects of daily life associated with public space. This paper aims to ascertain the effect of COVID-19 on the use of leisure-related public spaces in Turkey. This study investigates how public space usage differs for various socio-demographic groups and how information and communication technologies (ICT) affect changes in public space use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using purposive and snowball sampling methods, a nationwide online survey was conducted between September and October of 2020. The answers obtained from 531 participants were included in the analysis of the variance and path analysis. The analyses revealed that the frequency of urban public spaces usage during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased significantly as expected, in particular the use of internal public/quasi-public spaces and shopping malls. The use of external public spaces was relatively less affected by the pandemic. However, the use of virtual space increased significantly. The results also showed that the changes in the use of internal public/quasi-public spaces, shopping malls, and virtual space differ according to socio-demographic characteristics. It was concluded that ICT had statistically significant effects on changes in public space usage during COVID-19.
Influence of Rock Dust Additives as Fine Aggregate Replacement on Properties of Cement Composites—A Review

Concrete production consumes enormous amounts of fossil fuels, raw materials, and is energy intensive. Therefore, scientific research is being conducted worldwide regarding the possibility of using by-products in the production of concrete. The objective is not only to identify substitutes for cement clinker, but also to identify materials that can be used as aggregate in mortar and concrete productions. Among the potential alternative materials that can be used in cement composite production is rock dust of different geological origin. However, some adversarial effects may be encountered when using rock dust regarding the properties and durability of mortars and concrete. Therefore, comprehensive research is needed to evaluate the adequacy of rock dust use in cementitious composite production. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the scientific findings from past studies concerning the use of various geological origins of rock dust in the production of mortars and concrete. The influence of rock dust as a replacement of fine aggregates on cementitious composites was analyzed and evaluated. In this assessment and review, fresh concrete and mortar properties, i.e., workability, segregation, and bleeding, mechanical properties, and the durability of hardened concrete and mortar were considered.
Comparison of Choroidal Thickness, Foveal Avascular Zone, and Macular Capillary Density in Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Treated with Ranibizumab or Aflibercept—A Prospective Study

This prospective comparative case series aims to compare best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal microvasculature, and retinal structural changes in patients treated with either ranibizumab or aflibercept for macular edema (ME) secondary to treatment-naïve branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Ten patients were enrolled with macular capillary density of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) measured in both eyes before and after treatment. Final central retinal thickness and BCVA improved significantly (p < 0.05), and densities of SCP and DCP of BRVO sectors were significantly lower at baseline than fellow eye counterparts and remained persistently lower during treatment, particularly in the aflibercept group (p < 0.05). SCP density, DCP density of both BRVO sectors (p = 0.0001, p < 0.0001), and non-BRVO sectors (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001) were significantly correlated with final BCVA for diseased eyes. Using multivariate general linear model analysis, and including OCTA parameters only, but not all of the available clinical data, DCP density of BRVO sectors in both eyes was the most predictive factor for final visual outcome (probability p < 0.0001). OCTA offered further qualitative and quantitative evaluation of treatment-naïve BRVO. Judging by OCTA parameters, not only in the diseased eye but also in the fellow eye, DCP density of BRVO sectors was the most predictive factor of final visual outcome.
Person–Organisation Fit and Occupation Selection in Bangladesh: A Study on Bangladesh Civil Service Applicants

Using the tenets of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study aims to investigate the role of person–organisation (P–O) fit in predicting the job-seeking intentions of university graduates in Bangladesh. There is a lack of adequate research into the theoretical phenomenon in career-related literature, especially in light of inconsistent findings for the suggested relationships under the TPB framework. This may be one of the pioneer studies that examines the role of perceived P–O fit in the association between the TPB core constructs (i.e., subjective norms, self-efficacy and attitudes) and job-seeking intentions. Based on data collected from 239 unemployed university graduates in Bangladesh, this article examines the hypothesised relationships among the study variables with structural equation modelling. The results indicated that P–O fit significantly predicted job-seeking intentions, both directly and indirectly, through the influence of attitudes. Additionally, attitudes partially mediated the association between self-efficacy and job-seeking intentions. Notably, although subjective norms could not influence job-seeking intentions, the boundary conditions of P–O fit perceptions on the relationship between subjective norms and job-seeking intentions appeared significant. Based on the findings, there is a discussion of practical implications for career counsellors and recruitment policymakers. Finally, the study’s limitations and possible research directions are highlighted.
The Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment on the Transformational Leadership-Innovative Work Behaviour relationship: A Study of Indian Banking Sector

The purpose of the study was to examine the association between managers’ transformational leadership style and employees’ innovative work behaviour (IWB) through psychological empowerment. We employed survey methodology and collected data by administering a standardised instrument to employees (n = 203) working in public and private sector bank branches in the Delhi-NCR region of India. By applying structural equation modelling, we found that by adopting a transformational leadership style, managers can encourage employees’ IWB. Psychological empowerment partially mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and the IWB of the employees. Additionally, we found that the transformational leadership style is positively associated with the psychological empowerment of employees, and employees’ psychological empowerment is positively related to the IWB of the employees. The study practically iterates that transformational leaders can augment their employees’ innovative behaviour by empowering them.
Building a unified sustainable development goal database: Why does sustainable development goal data selection matter?

The 2020s are an essential decade for achieving the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). For this, SDG research needs to provide evidence that can be translated into concrete actions. However, studies use different SDG data, resulting in incomparable findings. Researchers primarily use SDG databases provided by the United Nations (UN), the World Bank Group (WBG), and the Bertelsmann Stiftung & Sustainable Development Solutions Network (BE-SDSN). We compile these databases into one unified SDG database and examine the effects of the data selection on our understanding of SDG interactions. Among the databases, we observed more different than similar SDG interactions. Differences in synergies and trade-offs mainly occur for SDGs that are environmentally oriented. Due to the increased data availability, the unified SDG database offers a more nuanced and reliable view of SDG interactions. Thus, the SDG data selection may lead to diverse findings, fostering actions that might neglect or exacerbate trade-offs.
ANALYSIS OF SENSOR / ACTUATOR BUS INTEROPERABILITY STANDARD ALTERNATIVES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING

An in-depth study has been conducted by SEMATECH with the purpose of recommending a sensor actuator bus (SAB) interoperability standard solution for the semiconductor manufacturing equipment industry. As part of the study, the following SAB candidate solutions were evaluated: WorldFIP Fieldbus, Control Area Network (CAN) solutions, LONWorks (Echelon, Inc.), SERIPLEX (Automated Process Control, Inc.), Interoperable Systems Project (ISP) Fieldbus, and BITBUS. Results indicate that CAN+ (a complete CANbased solution), LONWorks, and BITBUS were (in order) the three candidates best suited for recommendation as an SAB interoperability standard for semiconductor manufacturing. With each solution it is concluded that additional work is required, before a complete industry SAB interoperability standard can be realized.
A High-Sensitivity Resonant Magnetic Sensor Based on Graphene Nanomechanical Resonator

This paper presents a novel resonant magnetic sensor consisting of a graphene nanomechanical oscillator and magnetostrictive stress coupling structure, using Si/SiO2 substrate and Fe–Ga alloy, respectively. In this device, the deformation of the Fe–Ga alloy resulting from the external magnetic field changed the surface tension of the graphene, resulting in a significant change in the resonance frequency of graphene. Using the finite element analysis, it could be found that the response of the resonance frequency revealed a good linear relationship with the external magnetic field (along the x-axis) in the range of the 1 to 1.6 mT. By optimizing the sizes of each component of the magnetic sensor, such as the thickness of the Si/SiO2 substrate and the Fe–Ga alloy, and the length of the graphene, the sensitivity could even reach 834 kHz/mT, which is three orders of magnitude higher than conventional resonant magnetic devices. This provides a new method for highly sensitive and miniaturized magnetic sensors.
Preliminary Investigations into the Production of Glazed Steatite Beads: Discussing the Use of Turquoise during the Badarian Period in Egypt

In the early twentieth century, Guy Brunton located a small number of turquoise beads and pendants in Badarian graves in the Qau-Matmar region in Middle Egypt. Recently, however, the use of turquoise during the Badarian period has been disputed. It is claimed that Brunton misidentifi ed turquoise for glazed steatite, and that turquoise was not used in Egypt until the later Naqada IIC period. Th e current paper explores the verity of this statement by presenting the results of a preliminary investigation into the production techniques of Badarian glazed steatite beads. Th ese support the notion that turquoise beads are misidentifi cations for glazed steatite beads. Conversely, they advocate in favour of the existence of turquoise pendants during the Badarian period, and thus against the notion that turquoise only began to be used from the Naqada IIC period onwards.
Examining users’ news sharing behaviour on social media: role of perception of online civic engagement and dual social influences

ABSTRACT Rising prominence of social media coupled with a myriad of recent developments in the built-in features has allowed users to instantly share news both within and across their social networks, making news-sharing a savvy trend. Additionally, these platforms have enabled users to share news critical to social and civic responsibilities, as well as political news critical to healthy socio-political function. Given the prominence of citizen-driven digital journalism, even ordinary users and passive receivers of information have a powerful voice in modern society, making news-sharing on social media a significant phenomenon spanning across social, economic, and political boundaries. News-sharing behaviour on social media demands further empirical investigation, especially with respect to the roles of online civic engagement and social influences. Drawing upon Elaboration Likelihood Model and Social Influence Theory, this study proposes a research model to explore individuals’ news-sharing behaviour and validates the proposed research model using empirical data collected by a survey of 513 active social media users. Findings confirm that online news quality, news source credibility, perception of online civic engagement, perceived influence on others, and social influence play a crucial role in users’ news-sharing behaviours. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in light of these findings.