Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Short‐term Prognosis of Stroke Due to Occlusion of Internal Carotid Artery Based on Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography

Background and Purpose The clinical course of stroke due to occlusion of the internal carotid artery is influenced by amount of collateral flow. We measured mean frequency shifts in the middle cerebral artery by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to determine its prognostic value. Methods Patients with proven extracranial occlusion of the internal carotid artery and ipsilateral hemispheral stroke were enrolled in our study. We performed transcranial Doppler ultrasonography on 31 patients within 48 hours after the stroke onset and followed up 25 patients in 28 days. At the same time, neurological examination with quantification of neurological deficit was done. We correlated values of flow frequency shifts on the side of stroke with degree of neurological deficit at the onset and at 28 days as well as the degree of clinical improvement and the value of frequency shifts. Results We found a negative correlation between blood flow frequency shifts in the middle cerebral artery and degree of neurological deficit at the onset (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, −0.567; p<0.001). We also found a positive correlation between the change of the neurological deficit during follow-up and frequency shifts at the onset (Spearman rank coefficient, 0.548; p<0.05). Conclusions Diminished blood flow velocity (mean frequency shift) in the area of stroke is a negative prognostic factor for the degree of neurological deficit at the onset and a negative prognostic factor for possible improvement. Knowledge of hemodynamic conditions in the stroke area may help to improve therapeutic decisions.
Osmotherapy for Intracranial Hypertension: Mannitol Versus Hypertonic Saline

Purpose of Review: Hyperosmolar therapy is one of the core medical treatments for brain edema and intracranial hypertension, but controversy exists regarding the use of the most common agents, mannitol, and hypertonic saline. This article describes the relative merits and adverse effects of these agents using the best available clinical evidence. Recent Findings: Mannitol is effective and has been used for decades in the treatment of traumatic brain injury, but it may precipitate acute renal failure if serum osmolarity exceeds 320 mOsm/L. Hypertonic saline appears to be safe, and serum sodium has been elevated to as high as 180 mEq/L in clinical settings without significant neurologic, cardiac, or renal injury. In small comparative trials both agents are effective and no clinically significant difference has been noted, but a properly powered trial has not yet been performed. Summary: Both mannitol and hypertonic saline are effective and have an acceptable risk profile for use in the treatment of elevated intracranial pressure secondary to brain edema.
GENESIS-II: a versatile system for language generation in conversational system applications

Language generation is a fundamental component of dialogue systems. Over the past year, we have developed a new generation module for conversational systems developed at MIT using the GALAXY architecture. Our generator, which we call GENESIS - II , resolves many of the shortcomings of its predecessor, GENE - SIS . G ENESIS - II makes it substantially easier for users to specify generation, and the generation output is often of a higher quality. In particular, GENESIS - II has improved the ease and quality of generation in foreign languages (Japanese, Chinese, Spanish) and non-traditional languages (SQL, HTML, speech wave-forms). In this paper, we focus on the more advanced features of our system.
No association of the serotonin transporter polymorphisms 5‐HTTLPR and RS25531 with schizophrenia or neurocognition

A promoter polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene has been widely studied in neuropsychiatry. We genotyped the 5‐HTTLPR/rs25531 triallelic polymorphism in 728 schizophrenia cases from the CATIE study and 724 control subjects. In a logistic regression with case/control status as dependent variable and 7 ancestry‐informative principal components as covariates, the effect of 5‐HTTLPR/rs25531 composite genotype was not significant (odds ratio = 1.008, 95% CI 0.868–1.172, P = 0.91). In cases only, 5‐HTTLPR/rs25531 was not associated with neurocognition (summary neurocognitive index P = 0.21, working memory P = 0.32) or symptomatology (PANSS positive P = 0.67 and negative symptoms P = 0.46). We were unable to identify association of the triallelic 5‐HTTLPR with schizophrenia, neurocognition, or core psychotic symptoms even at levels of significance unadjusted for multiple comparisons. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Guaranteed-Availability Network Function Virtualization with Network Protection and VNF Replication

Network function virtualization (NFV) provides an efﬁcient and ﬂexible way to deploy network services in the form of service function chains (SFCs) by adopting generalized equipment. However, software-based virtualized network functions (VNFs) bring new challenge for network operators in providing service availability guarantees. Traditionally, network-level protection mechanisms are considered separately from function-level VNF backup mechanisms. However, a SFC's availability cannot be guaranteed if only network- level protection mechanisms or only function-level VNF backup mechanisms are considered. In this paper, we propose a coordinated protection mechanism that adopts both backup path protection in the network and VNF replicas at nodes to guarantee a SFC's availability. The proposed mechanism determines the number of replicas required for each VNF in the SFC, and allocates the replicas to physical nodes on the working and backup paths while maintaining ordered dependency among VNFs. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms contribute to reducing the SFC blocking and the cost of computing resources.
Integrating discrete events and continuous head movements for video-based interaction techniques

Human head gestures can potentially trigger different commands from the list of available options in graphical user interfaces or in virtual and smart environments. However, continuous tracking techniques are limited in generating discrete events which could be used to execute a predefined set of commands. In this article, we discuss a possibility to encode a set of discrete events by integrating continuous head movements and crossing-based interaction paradigm. A set of commands can be encoded through specific sequences of crossing points when a head-mouse cursor such as a scaled pointer interacts with a graphical object. The goal of the present experiment was testing the perceptual-motor performance of novices in target acquisition tasks using a subset of round head gestures and symbolic icons designating eight types of directional head movements. We have demonstrated that the novices can equally well execute round head gestures in clockwise and counter-clockwise directions by making two crossings for about 2 s or three crossings for about 3 s. None of the participants reported neck strain or other problems after 360 trials performed during a 40-min test in each of 5 days.
Factors Complicating the Diagnosis of Depression in Cerebrovascular Disease, Part Ii — Neurological Deficits and Various Assessment Methods*

Neurological deficits associated with cerebrovascular disease such as aphasia, dementia, anosognosia and aprosodia may impair the ability to express or experience depressive symptoms. Identification of depression in the absence of verbal report on subjective mood state is a difficult task. The value of various diagnostic methods including depressive rating scales, standard psychiatric interviews and biological variables in the diagnosis of depression in cerebrovascular disease is considered. This review concludes by focusing on the deficiencies of existing approaches in the diagnostic assessment of depression in patients with severe communication and comprehension deficits and emphasizes the importance of devising a standard diagnostic method with less reliance on verbal responses.
Access control in a core calculus of dependency

The Dependency Core Calculus (DCC) is an extension of the computational lambda calculus that was designed in order to capture the notion of dependency that arises in information-flow control, partial evaluation, and other programming-language settings. We show that, unexpectedly, DCC can also be used as a calculus for access control in distributed systems. Initiating the study of DCC from this perspective, we explore some of its appealing properties.
Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy inference controller for full vehicle nonlinear active suspension systems

The main objective of designed the controller for a vehicle suspension system is to reduce the discomfort sensed by passengers which arises from road roughness and to increase the ride handling associated with the pitching and rolling movements. This necessitates a very fast and accurate controller to meet as much control objectives, as possible. Therefore, this paper deals with an artificial intelligence Neuro-Fuzzy (NF) technique to design a robust controller to meet the control objectives. The advantage of this controller is that it can handle the nonlinearities faster than other conventional controllers. The approach of the proposed controller is to minimize the vibrations on each corner of vehicle by supplying control forces to suspension system when travelling on rough road. The other purpose for using the NF controller for vehicle model is to reduce the body inclinations that are made during intensive manoeuvres including braking and cornering. A full vehicle nonlinear active suspension system is introduced and tested. The robustness of the proposed controller is being assessed by comparing with an optimal Fractional Order PIλDμ (FOPID) controller. The results show that the intelligent NF controller has improved the dynamic response measured by decreasing the cost function.
Click Elements: An Implementation Style for Data-Driven Compilation

This paper presents a new design template and design flow for the implementation of data-driven asynchronous circuits. It relies on the use of edge-triggered flip-flops as the only storage elements, not only for the datapaths, but also for the control circuits; latches and C-elements that are common in many asynchronous circuit design styles are not required. The design template uses a two-phase handshake protocol for inter-component communication. In a pipeline structure, these circuits operate near the speed of Mousetrap circuits, but the required design-flow is simpler. The implementation style —which we refer to as Click elements — has been chosen to resemble synchronous circuits as much as possible. This allows for the use of conventional optimization and timing tools in the design flow and for a cheaper design-for-test implementation. The click templates are well suited for a data-flow driven compilation flow, which avoids much of the control overhead of traditional syntax-directed compilation. The two-phase circuits show a significant improvement in performance and energy efficiency compared to four-phase single-rail circuits.
Standard short-term diet ameliorates the lipid profile altered by a fructose-rich diet in rats

Markers of metabolic abnormalities are commonly found in rodents fed a fructose-rich diet. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the administration of a short-term standard diet to rats is able to improve the lipid profile altered by a fructose-rich diet. The male pups, immediately after birth, were divided in three groups according to the diet for 90 days. Standard diet: a standard diet for the whole experimental period; fructose (60% fructose-rich diet): fructose-rich diet during the entire experimental period; fructose/standard (FS): fructose-rich diet from the neonatal period up to 60 days of age and standard diet from 60 to 90 days of age. A fructose-rich diet from the neonatal period to 60 days reduced weight gain (P<0.05), as well as the weight of adipose tissues in all the regions analyzed (epididymal, mesenteric, retroperitoneal and posterior subcutaneous), and it altered the lipid profile (elevation of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol; P<0.05). When a standard diet was administered after the fructose-rich diet, it was able to partially reverse changes to the lipid profile, as total cholesterol levels were significantly different in all the groups (P<0.05), and triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol levels were similar between the control and FS group. In summary, a fructose-rich diet altered the lipid profile, and a standard diet can partially reverse the changed parameters in short term.
Evaluation of Invasive and Noninvasive Methods for the Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate invasive and noninvasive diagnostic methods for detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in patients admitted with dyspeptic complaints and to compare sensitivities and specificities. Method: Sets of four gastric biopsy specimens were obtained from a total of 126 patients included in the study. The presence of H. pylori was determined by invasive tests including culture, rapid urease test, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathology. Among noninvasive tests, urea breath test, serological tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed. Results: H. pylori was isolated in 79 (62.7%) gastric biopsy cultures, whereas positivity was concluded for 105 (83.3%) patients by rapid urease test, for 106 (84.1%) by PCR, for 110 (87.3%) by histopathology, for 119 (94.4%) by urea breath test, and for 107 (84.9%) by ELISA. In the present study, the culture findings and histopathological examination findings were accepted as gold standard. According to the gold standard, urea breath test had the highest sensitivity (96.5%) and the lowest specificity (30%), whereas culture and histopathology had the highest specificities (100%). Conclusion: The use of PCR invasively with gastric biopsy samples yielded parallel results with the gold standard. PCR can be recommended for routine use in the diagnosis of H. pylori.
Automated detection and quantification of single RNAs at cellular resolution in zebrafish embryos

Analysis of differential gene expression is crucial for the study of cell fate and behavior during embryonic development. However, automated methods for the sensitive detection and quantification of RNAs at cellular resolution in embryos are lacking. With the advent of single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH), gene expression can be analyzed at single-molecule resolution. However, the limited availability of protocols for smFISH in embryos and the lack of efficient image analysis pipelines have hampered quantification at the (sub)cellular level in complex samples such as tissues and embryos. Here, we present a protocol for smFISH on zebrafish embryo sections in combination with an image analysis pipeline for automated transcript detection and cell segmentation. We use this strategy to quantify gene expression differences between different cell types and identify differences in subcellular transcript localization between genes. The combination of our smFISH protocol and custom-made, freely available, analysis pipeline will enable researchers to fully exploit the benefits of quantitative transcript analysis at cellular and subcellular resolution in tissues and embryos. Summary: Single-molecule RNA detection combined with automated cell segmentation and transcript analysis in zebrafish embryos enables efficient subcellular transcript quantification in tissues and embryos.
AI Lessons Learned from Experiments in Insider Threat Detection

Although AI has been successfully applied to many different domains with different characteristics, the task of applying a solution that is successful in one problem domain to a different domain remains far from automatic. Even the simpler task of applying a solution to a related but different domain is problematic. In this paper, we discuss various problems that can occur when trying to solve a classification problem in a new problem domain (insider threat) by trying previously successful approaches in a related problem domain (intrusion detection). We examine in depth why our results in the new problem domain did not reflect the successes from the previous domain. We conclude with various lessons learned that can be used when approaching a new problem domain.
Functional characterization of a novel c.614-622del rhodopsin mutation in a French pedigree with retinitis pigmentosa

Purpose To identify and functionally characterize the mutation responsible for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) in a large, six-generation French family. Methods Twenty individuals from this family participated in the genetic investigation. Six affected and 14 unaffected individuals from three-generations were available for linkage analysis using microsatellite markers flanking the rhodopsin (RHO) gene. A two-point logarithm of odds (LOD) score calculation was undertaken using GENEMARKER and MLINK software. Sanger sequencing of RHO was performed. Cellular localization of the mutant protein was performed by transforming SK-N-SH cells with pEGFP-N1-Rho, pEGFP-N1-Rho(P23H), and pEGFP-N1-Rho(c.614–622del). Results The proband had nyctalopia, visual field constriction, peripheral bone spicule pigmentation of the fundus, central acuity (6/24 RE; 6/12 LE) at 55 years of age. Linkage analysis of this family suggested RHO as a possible candidate since the flanking marker D3S1292 yielded a LOD score of 2.43 at θ=0. Cloning of an exon 3 PCR product and direct sequencing of single clones identified a novel deletion in the third exon of RHO, c.614–622del (p.Y206-F208del). The deleted mutant protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and formed inclusion bodies. Conclusions This novel deletion in exon 3 of the RHO gene, c.614–622del results in a classical form of adRP in a multi-generation French family. Protein expression analyses confirmed that the deletion led to protein misfolding and suggest this is a class II mutation, similar to P23H, the most common class II mutation seen in North America.
Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.

Correspondence: Mark Tuthill Department of Medical Oncology, Hammersmith Hospital, imperial College National Health Service Trust, Ducane Rd, London, w12 0HS, UK Tel +44 208 383 1000 Fax +44 207 6039679 email marktuthill@doctors.org. uk Abstract: More than 25,000 hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCTs) are performed each year for the treatment of lymphoma, leukemia, immune-deficiency illnesses, congenital metabolic defects, hemoglobinopathies, and myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes. Before transplantation, patients receive intensive myeloablative chemoradiotherapy followed by stem cell “rescue. ” Autologous HSCT is performed using the patient’s own hematopoietic stem cells, which are harvested before transplantation and reinfused after myeloablation. Allogeneic HSCT uses human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched stem cells derived from a donor. Survival after allogeneic transplantation depends on donor–recipient matching, the graft-versus-host response, and the development of a graft versus leukemia effect. This article reviews the biology of stem cells, clinical efficacy of HSCT, transplantation procedures, and potential complications.
Measuring the influence of tag recommenders on the indexing quality in tagging systems

In this paper, we investigate a methodology for measuring the influence of tag recommenders on the indexing quality in collaborative tagging systems. We propose to use the inter-resource consistency as an indicator of indexing quality. The inter-resource consistency measures the degree to which the tag vectors of indexed resources reflect how the users understand the resources. We use this methodology for evaluating how tag recommendations coming from (1) the popular tags at a resource or from (2) the user's own vocabulary influence the indexing quality. We show that recommending popular tags decreases the indexing quality and that recommending the user's own vocabulary increases the indexing quality.
Final rises and Swedish question intonation

Phrase-final intonation was analysed in a subcorpus of Swedish computer-directed question utterances with the objective of investigating the extent to which final rises occur in spontaneous questions, and also to see if such rises might have pragmatic functions over and beyond the signalling of interrogative mode. Final rises occurred in 22 percent of the utterances. Final rises occurred mostly in conjunction with final focal accent. Children exhibited the largest percentage of final rises (32%), with women second (27%) and men lowest (17%). These results are viewed in relationship to results of related perception studies and are discussed in terms of Swedish question intonation and the pragmatic social function of rises in a biological account of intonation.
High rates of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 19p13 in human breast cancer

We have recently discovered that the nuclear matrix protein SAFB is an oestrogen receptor corepressor. Since it has become clear that many steroid receptor cofactors play important roles in breast tumorigenesis, we investigated whether SAFB could also be involved in breast cancer. To address this question, the gene locus was examined for structural alterations in breast cancer tissue. Laser capture microdissection was used for isolating DNA from paired primary breast tumour and normal tissue specimens, and the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 19p13.2–3 was determined by use of microsatellite markers. LOH was detected at the marker D19S216, which colocalizes with the SAFB locus, in specimens from 29 (78.4%) of 37 informative patients. The peak LOH rate occurred at D19S216 near the SAFB locus, with LOH frequencies ranging from 21.6% to 47.2% at other markers. The finding of a very high LOH rate at the marker D19S216 strongly indicates the presence of a breast tumour-suppressor gene locus. While preliminary findings of mutations in SAFB suggest that this indeed may be a promising candidate, other potential candidate genes are located at this locus. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign