Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response to the Editor: Vegetation Influence and Environmental Controls on Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from a Drained Thermokarst Lake in the Western Canadian Arctic

Thermokarst features are widespread in ice-rich regions of the circumpolar Arctic. The rate of thermokarst 10 lake formation and drainage is anticipated to accelerate as the climate warms. However, it is uncertain how these dynamic features impact the terrestrial Arctic carbon cycle. Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were measured during peak growing season using eddy covariance and chambers at Illisarvik, a 0.16 km thermokarst lake basin that was experimentally drained in 1978 on Richards Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Vegetation in the basin differesdiffers markedly from the surrounding dwarf-shrub tundra and included patches of tall shrubs, grasses 15 and sedges with some bare ground and a small pond in the centre. During the study periodpeak growing season, temperature and wind conditions were highly variable and soil water content decreased steadily. Basin -scaled net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) measured by eddy covariance was -1.5 [ CI95% ± 0.2] g C-CO2 m d; NEE followed a marked diurnal pattern with no day-to-day trend during the study period. Variations in half-hourly NEE was primarywere primarily controlled by photosynthetic photon flux density and influenced by vapor pressure deficit, 20 volumetric water content and the presence of shrubs. By contrast, net within the flux tower footprint, which varied with wind direction. Net methane exchange (NME) was low (8.7 [CI95% ± 0.4] mg CH4 m dand and had little impact on the growing season carbon balance of the basin during the study period. NME displayed high spatial variability, and sedge areas in the basin were the strongest source of CH4 while upland areas outside the basin were a net sink. Soil moisture and temperature were the main environmental factors influencing NME, having a positive and 25 negative effect respectively. Presently, Illisarvik is a carbon sink during the peak growing season. However, these results suggest that rates of growing season CO2 and CH4 exchange rates may change as the basin’s vegetation community continues to evolve.
Photocrosslinkable Chitosan Hydrogel as a Wound Dressing and a Biological Adhesive

キチンやキトサンは創傷治癒促進効果を有し、抗菌活性やマクロファージを活性化させることが知られた活性分子である。 我々は、各種創傷に容易に塗布ができ、短時間の紫外線(UV) 照射で不溶性のハイドロゲルを生じる光硬化性キトサン分子を調製した。 そのキトサンゲルは各種創傷部を被覆し、創傷部を保護するとともに、治癒を促進することが見い出された。 さらにキトサンゲルは生体接着剤として、肺創傷部からの空気漏れや動脈創部からの出血も瞬時に止めることが確認された。 このように、光硬化性キトサンハイドロゲルは、新規の創傷被覆剤および生体接着剤として、特に緊急の止血と創傷被覆を要する災害時の緊急医療の場で有用な医療用素材となることが期待できる。
Impact of different cropping and different nutrient management practices on soil carbon pools and soil carbon stock in vertic ustropept

A research work was initiated to study the soil carbon pools and carbon stock as influenced by different cropping and nutrient management practices in Vertic Ustropept in the experiment which was initiated during 2013 as long term field experiment in TNAU, Coimbatore. Various nutrient management practices viz., organic, inorganic and integrated practices with different crops like brinjal, chilli and tomato were tried in the research. SOC and active pools of SOC viz., labile carbon(LC) and water soluble carbon(WSC) and soil carbon stock(SCS) after 6 years of treatment application revealed, application of 100% organics in brinjal recorded higher SOC, LC, WSC and SCS (12.30g/kg), (1.31g/kg), (193mg/kg) and (18.5t/ha) respectively. This research indicated that long-term application of 100% organics exerted significant effect on the active pools of soil organic carbon.
Causes of Death in Implant Patients Treated in the Edentulous Jaw: A Comparison between 2098 Deceased Patients and the Swedish National Cause of Death Register

Background Previous research has reported an association between tooth loss and patient mortality, while the cause of death has not been elucidated. Objective The purpose was to describe and compare the cause of death in implant patients treated consecutively in the edentulous arch with a reference population. Methods Altogether, 3902 patients were included between 1986 and 2014. Data on the causes of death for deceased patients were compared to the Swedish National Cause of Death Register for a comparable time period. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated based on gender and age and tested for statistical significance. Results Most deceased patients (2,098) died from diseases in the circulatory system (CVD; 42%) and from cancers (26%). SMR indicated a generally increased mortality (total group) compared to the reference population during inclusion (P < 0.05; 1986–2014). Patients treated early (1986–1996) showed a lower SMR compared to patients treated later (P < 0.05; 1997–2014) especially related to CVDs. Younger patients (<60 years at surgery) showed an increased mortality due to CVDs when treated late (1997–2014; SMR = 5.4, P < 0.05). Elderly patients (>79 years at surgery) showed a significantly lower mortality in almost all observed causes of death (1986–2014; P < 0.05) with also a significantly lower mortality due to CVDs during the early period (1986–1996; SMR = 0.3, P < 0.05). Conclusion An overall increased mortality was observed for the edentulous implant patient compared to the reference population. Elderly patients (>79 years) showed significantly lower mortality for all causes of death independent of the time period of implant surgery. Younger patients (<60 years) present an increased risk for early mortality related to CVD. SMR for all causes of death increased for patients treated late (1997–2014) as compared to patients treated early (1986–1996).
Inventorization of existing agroforestry systems in different farming situation of Chhattisgarh

In India Agroforestry has been recognized as one of the important systems for supporting the livelihood of rural people. Different agroforestry practices fulfilled the demand of rural households and extra income sources. Chhattisgarh is a state in Central India has very diverse forest ecosystem and long history of traditional agroforestry. In the state the agroforestry practice is location specific and it’s depends on nature of agro-climatic zones. In Chhattisgarh, farmers are doing this farming practices based on fulfilling their diverse need and improvement of socioeconomic condition but still data is insufficient to explore more agroforestry practices in the state. In this context, inventorization of different agroforestry systems gives not only sufficient data but also open a door for conservation of biological diversity. Different systems like’s Boundary plantations, Agrisilviculture system, Hortisilviculture, silvopasture, Kitchen garden and Block plantation are used by farmers in Chhattisgarh State. All systems are dependent on location characteristic, land use type, soil type, climate and market requirement. This paper highlights the different systems of agroforestry, specific system for the specific sites, lacuna in system faced by farmers and role of agroforestry systems in socioeconomic upliftment.
Research on Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Physiological Parameters of Storage Maize

【Objective】The aim of this experiment is to study the physiological biochemical mechanism of aging of storage maize, to investigate the evaluating indexes of storage quality of maize【. Method】Four cell membrane lipid peroxidation parameters- activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), electrical conductivity, malondiadehyde (MDA) and the 3 physiological parameters-viability, germination rate, respiratory intensity of the maize stored for different years at the same zone were studied. 【Result】The content of MDA and penetration of cell membrane increased, and the activities of CAT and POD gradually decreased with time increment. Viability, germination rate, respiration intensity had extremely significant correlation with each other, and the 4 cell membrane lipid peroxidatic parameters had significant and extremely significant correlation with the 3 physiological parameters. 【Conclusion】 Reduction of antioxidative enzyme activity, peroxidatic accumulation of cell membrane lipid, and penetration of cell membrane were mainly induced by free radicals damage, which were the important reasons for the aging of storage maize.
Qualitative and quantities evaluation of Phyllanthus emblica L. fruits under valley condition of Garhwal Himalaya

Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica L.) locally called as ‘P. emblica’ is one of the important fruit yielding plants utilized in Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine. Nutritional and medicinal properties of P. emblica make it a well-known fruit. It is a richest source of vitamin-C, phytochemicals and minerals. The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance of five different cultivars of P. emblica for qualitative and quantities characteristics under valley at department of horticulture, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal hills Uttarakhand condition. The results revealed that, significant variability was detected among the cultivars for different fruit, seed and biochemical traits. Banarasi cultivar was found superior in term of fruit and pulp weight (22.25 gm), (21.07 gm), pulp thickness (1.32 cm), and pulp: stone ratio (17.07) while NA-7 was maximum in term of diameter (3.29 cm), volume (21.91 ml) and specific gravity (1.21 cc) as compared to other cultivars. The cultivar Chakaiya was found superior compared to other varieties for biochemical characters such as ascorbic acid (643.50 mg/100g) and total sugar (8.37%) content.
Farm level adaptation strategies to climate change in India: An overview

Climate change is the most intricate environmental problem faced by the world today. Agriculture sector is vulnerable to climate change due to its immense dependence on climate. Therefore, implementing adaptation strategies by farmer becomes indispensable in order to minimize the effects of climate change. From this review, it is concluded that farmers have been adapting to the impacts of climate change in their own ways. Different methods are being used by farmers; the major ones include the use of different crop varieties, shifting cropping patterns, delayed sowing etc. It was observed that high cost of adaptation, limited knowledge on adaptation measures and lack of improved technology were found to be the major hindrance towards adapting to climate change. Therefore it is recommended that timely information dispersion should be done about early warnings of climate change and also awareness campaigns and trainings must be organised to enhance the farmers’ adaptive capacity.
Declining Wages Increase Selfish Redistribution in an Environment with Fixed Income Inequality

We use a highly-controlled laboratory experiment to study the causal impact of income decreases on redistribution decisions, in an environment where the income inequality that may be created with wage changes is kept fixed. First, we investigate the role of a decreasing wage compared to one’s past wage (intra-personal decrease). Second, we investigate the role of a wage that decreases relative to the wage of another person (inter-personal decrease). If intra-personal or inter-personal decreases create dissatisfaction for an individual, that person may support redistribution policies that compensate him or her for the situation or rectify it. Overall, we find evidence that individuals indeed behave more selfishly when they experience decreasing wages. While many studies examine the effect of income inequality on redistribution decisions, this is the first to isolate the effect of income changes.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina L.) in lateritic soils of Konkan

A field experiment entitled “Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina L.) In Lateritic Soils of Konkan” laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising eleven treatment combinations replicated thrice, at Vegetable Improvement Scheme, Central Experiment Station, Wakawali, Dr. B.S.K.K. V. , Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri during the kharif season of 2016. The effect of integrated nutrient management including vermicompost and poultry manure either alone or in combinations with inorganic fertilizers on fruit yield, and nutrient content of snake gourd were studied. The application of 50% N through poultry manure + 50% N through inorganic fertilizers T6 significantly influenced the growth parameters, fruit yield and total nutrient status viz. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S. The build-up of fruit quality, the application of 50% N through poultry manure + 50% N through inorganic fertilizer was found to be suitable for snake gourd in lateritic soil of Konkan.
Molecular phenotyping of cell wall development in the Arabidopsis thaliana primary stem

ii Preface . iii Table of contents . iv List of tables . vii List of figures . viii List of other resources . x Lists of symbols and abbreviations . xi Acknowledgements . xiii Dedication . xv Chapter 1. General introduction . 1 1.1 General introduction . 1 1.2 Expansion anisotropy . 1 1.2. 1 Deposition of wall material . 2 1.2. 2 Cellulose deposition and directionality of expansion . 3 1.2. 3 Microtubule influence on cellulose properties . 4 1.3 Mechanical modulation of anisotropic expansion by non-cellulosic wall constituents and their modifiers . 5 1.3. 1 Hemicellullose . 6 1.3. 2 Expansins . 8 1.3. 3 Pectins . 8 1.3. 4 Glycoproteins . 10 1.3. 5 Lignin . 12 1.4 Regulation of differentiation . 14 1.4. 1 Regulation of vascular cell fate . 14 1.4. 2 Regulation of cell polarity, expansion, and secondary cell wall formation . 16 1.5 Systems biology for cell wall expansion . 17 1.5. 1 Model systems for study of directional cell expansion . 18 1.5. 2 Defining the gradient of primary stem anisotropic expansion . 19 1.6 Kinematic analysis for characterization of the expansive growth field in root and shoot . 20 1.7 Problem statement . 22 1.8 Research/thesis objectives . 22 Chapter 2. Developmentally equivalent tissue sampling based on growth kinematic profiling of Arabidopsis primary stems . 24 2.
The Influence of Premigration Trauma Exposure and Early Postmigration Stressors on Changes in Mental Health Over Time Among Refugees in Australia.

As a result of the precarious conditions in which they migrate, refugees are likely to have experiences that increase their risk of mental health problems. Refugees tend to be predisposed to relatively high levels of distress upon resettlement, and a key predictor of these issues is traumatic experiences that occur before their arrival. Despite high initial levels of ill-health, on average, refugees tend to experience mental health recovery over time. However, both levels of mental health upon settlement and recovery over time may be negatively influenced by stressors in the postsettlement period. The present study examined changes in psychological distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms over 5 years among 2,169 refugees from various backgrounds, predominately from Iraq and Afghanistan, who participated in the Building a New Life in Australia (BNLA) study. A multivariate latent growth curve model found mental ill-health decreased on average, β = -. 21 for distress and β = -. 31 for PTSD, ps < . 001, and premigration trauma exposure predicted more initial PTSD symptoms and reduced recovery over time, βIntercept = . 21, βSlope = -. 54, p < . 001. Postmigration stressors, such as loneliness, financial concerns, and cultural integration, predicted higher levels of mental health problems as well as reduced recovery over time. These findings suggest that beyond trauma exposure, the mental health of refugees upon resettlement and their recovery over time is impacted by stressors in the early resettlement period, which has important implications for interventions and services to support and encourage well-being in refugee populations.
Determination of clutch size and the breeding biology of the spur-winged plover (Vanellus spinosus) in Israel

ABsTRAcr. -The breeding biology of the Spur-winged Plover (Vanellus spinosus) was studied in an agricultural area in central Israel from 1989 through 1993. The breeding season extended from March to September. The average clutch size was 3.4 eggs and modal clutch size was four eggs. Clutch size declined slightly during the season. Eggs were laid at about two-day intervals. The average incubation period was 28 days, but it declined during the season in correlation with increased ambient temperatures and laying order. In four-egg clutches the last egg was incubated 3.4 days less than the first. Hatching of a four-egg clutch was asynchronous and lasted 1.9 days. Field hatchability was 86.4% of all eggs laid. In the laboratory, the highest hatching success (97.7%) occurred at an incubation temperature of 37.5? C. Field experiments showed that in four-egg clutches incubation temperature was significantly higher, incubation periods tended to be shorter (but not significantly so), and hatching success was higher (but not significantly so) in comparison with artificially enlarged five-egg clutches. This lends some, but not unequivocal, support to the hypothesis that clutch size may be limited by incubation ability. However, females whose clutches were removed upon completion were capable of laying continuously without altering either clutch or egg size, suggesting that clutch size is not limited by egg-formation abilities. Received 5 December 1994, accepted 25 April 1995.
Tailored exercise and home hazard reduction for fall prevention in older people with cognitive impairment: the i-FOCIS randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND The evidence to support effective fall prevention strategies in older people with cognitive impairment (CI) is limited. The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to determine the efficacy of a fall prevention intervention in older people with CI. METHODS RCT involving 309 community-dwelling older people with CI. The intervention group (n=153) received an individually prescribed home hazard reduction and home-based exercise program during the 12-month study period. The control group (n=156) received usual care. The primary outcome was rate of falls. Secondary outcomes included faller/multiple faller status, physical function and quality of life. RESULTS Participants' average age was 82 years (95%CI 82-83) and 49% were female. There was no significant difference in the rate of falls (IRR 1.05 95%CI 0.73-1.51). A sensitivity analysis, controlling for baseline differences and capping the number of falls at 12 (four participants), revealed a non-significant reduction in fall rate in the intervention group (IRR 0.78 95%CI 0.57-1.07). Analyses of secondary outcomes indicated the intervention significantly reduced the number of multiple fallers by 26% (RR 0.74 95%CI 0.54-0.99) when adjusting for baseline differences. There was a differential impact on falls in relation to physical function (interaction term p-value=0.023) with a significant reduction in fall rate in intervention group participants with better baseline physical function (IRR 0.60 95%CI 0.37-0.98). There were no significant between group differences for other secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This intervention did not significantly reduce the fall rate in community-dwelling older people with CI. The intervention did reduce the fall rate in participants with better baseline physical function.Trial registration: Australian and New Zealand Trials Registry ACTRN12614000603617.
Development of a simple, serum biomarker-based model predictive of the need for early biologic therapy in Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND Early or first-line treatment with biologics as opposed to conventional immunomodulators is not always necessary to achieve remission in Crohn's disease (CD) and may not be cost-effective. This study aimed to develop a simple model to predict the need for early biologic therapy in order to risk stratify CD patients and guide initial treatment selection. METHODS A model-building study using supervised statistical learning methods was conducted utilising a retrospective cohort across two tertiary centres. All biologic-naïve CD patients who commenced an immunomodulator between 1/1/2004 and 31/12/2016 were included. A predictive score was derived using Cox regression modelling of immunomodulator failure and was internally validated using bootstrap resampling. RESULTS Of 410 patients (median age 37 years, 47% male, median disease duration 4.7 years), 229 (56%) experienced immunomodulator failure (39 required surgery, 24 experienced a new stricture, 44 experienced a new fistula/abscess, 122 required biologic escalation) with a median time to failure of 16 months. Independent predictors of treatment failure included raised CRP, low albumin, complex disease behaviour, younger age and baseline steroids. Highest CRP and lowest albumin measured within 3 months prior to immunomodulator initiation outperformed baseline measurements. After model selection, only highest CRP and lowest albumin remained and the resultant Crohn's Immunomodulator CRP-Albumin (CICA) index demonstrated robust optimism-corrected discriminative performance at 12, 24 and 36 months (AUC 0.84, 0.83, 0.81 respectively). CONCLUSIONS The derived CICA index based on simple, widely available markers is feasible, internally valid and has a high utility in predicting immunomodulator failure. This requires external, prospective validation.
Attenuated immune control of Epstein–Barr virus in humanized mice is associated with the multiple sclerosis risk factor HLA‐DR15

Immune responses to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection synergize with the main genetic risk factor HLA‐DRB1*15:01 (HLA‐DR15) to increase the likelihood to develop the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS) at least sevenfold. In order to gain insights into this synergy, we investigated HLA‐DR15 positive human immune compartments after reconstitution in immune‐compromised mice (humanized mice) with and without EBV infection. We detected elevated activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in HLA‐DR15 donor‐reconstituted humanized mice at steady state, even when compared to immune compartments carrying HLA‐DRB1*04:01 (HLA‐DR4), which is associated with other autoimmune diseases. Increased CD8+ T cell expansion and activation was also observed in HLA‐DR15 donor‐reconstituted humanized mice after EBV infection. Despite this higher immune activation, EBV viral loads were less well controlled in the context of HLA‐DR15. Indeed, HLA‐DR15‐restricted CD4+ T cell clones recognized EBV‐transformed B cell lines less efficiently and demonstrated cross‐reactivity toward allogeneic target cells and one MS autoantigen. These findings suggest that EBV as one of the main environmental risk factors and HLA‐DR15 as the main genetic risk factor for MS synergize by priming hyperreactive T‐cell compartments, which then control the viral infection less efficiently and contain cross‐reactive CD4+ T cell clones.
Productivity and economics of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.)] as influenced by fertility levels and stress mitigating chemicals

An experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2017 on loamy sand soil to study the Enhancing productivity and profitability of mungbean [Vigna radiata (l.)] by application of fertility levels and stress mitigating chemicals. Results from the study indicated that the application of 75% RDF being at par with 100% RDF, significantly increased the plant height and dry matter accumulation plant-1, number of branches plant-1, chlorophyll content, seed (1077 kg ha-1), straw (2279 kg ha-1) and biological yield (3356 kg ha-1) net returns ( 45295 ha-1), B:C ratio (2.79) over preceding levels over control ( 26774 ha-1) and 50% RDF ( 37566 ha-1). Among foliar spray application of thiourea significantly increased the plant height, dry matter accumulation plant-1, number of branches plant-1, chlorophyll content seed (1048 kg ha-1), stover (2276 kg ha-1) and biological yield (3324 kg ha-1), net returns ( 44185 ha-1) and B:C (2.77) ratio over SA and control but remained at par with SA + 2% urea ( 41605 ha-1 and 2.66).