Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thinking inside the box: An evaluation of a novel search‐assisting tool for supporting (meta)cognition during exploratory search

Exploratory searches involve significant cognitively demanding aiming at learning and investigation. However, users gain little support from search engines for their cognitive and metacognitive activities (e.g., discovery, synthesis, planning, transformation, monitoring, and reflection) during exploratory searches. To better support the exploratory search process, we designed a new search assistance tool called OrgBox. OrgBox allows users to drag‐and‐drop information they find during searches into “boxes” and “items” that can be created, labeled, and rearranged on a canvas. We conducted a controlled, within‐subjects user study with 24 participants to evaluate the OrgBox versus a baseline tool called the OrgDoc that supported rich‐text features. Our findings show that participants perceived the OrgBox tool to provide more support for grouping and reorganizing information, tracking thought processes, planning and monitoring search and task processes, and gaining a visual overview of the collected information. The usability test reveals users' preferences for simplicity, familiarity, and flexibility of the design of OrgBox, along with technical problems such as delay of response and restrictions of use. Our results have implications for the design of search‐assisting systems that encourage cognitive and metacognitive activities during exploratory search processes.
Microshear bond strength of resin cement to a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramic using different surface treatments

ABSTRACT Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of resin cement to zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic and to compare it with lithium disilicate ceramic. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 80 specimens containing two glass ceramics of IPS e.max press and VITA SUPRINITY were prepared and categorized into four groups according to the surface treatments (n = 10) as Group 1 (C): no treatment (control); Group 2 (HF): etching with 9% hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 90 s followed by silane application; Group 3 (SPH): sandblasting with Al2O3 particles (50 μm), etching with 35% phosphoric acid for 40 s followed by application of silane and adhesive (Clearfil liner bond F); and Group 4 (SB): sandblasting with Al2O3 followed by silanization. Then, a resin cement (Panavia F2) was applied to the prepared ceramic surfaces. All samples were subjected to thermal aging (5000 cycles, 5–55). The μSBS test was evaluated and failure modes were recorded. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk, two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's Honest Significant Difference post hoc tests (P < 0.05). Results: IPS e.max press samples revealed significantly higher μSBS values compared to VITA SUPRINITY (P < 0.001), in whole surface treatments. The HF group showed the highest μSBS value, followed by the SPH and SB groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Adhesive failure was recorded as a predominant failure mode. Conclusion: The adhesion performance of IPS e.max press was significantly higher than VITA SUPRINITY. The common surface treatment protocol including HF application followed by silanization was the most effective surface treatment for both glass ceramics.
Biochemical Correction of GM2 Ganglioside Accumulation in AB-Variant GM2 Gangliosidosis

GM2 gangliosidosis is a group of genetic disorders that result in the accumulation of GM2 ganglioside (GM2) in brain cells, leading to progressive central nervous system (CNS) atrophy and premature death in patients. AB-variant GM2 gangliosidosis (ABGM2) arises from loss-of-function mutations in the GM2 activator protein (GM2AP), which is essential for the breakdown of GM2 in a key catabolic pathway required for CNS lipid homeostasis. In this study, we show that intrathecal delivery of self-complementary adeno-associated virus serotype-9 (scAAV9) harbouring a functional human GM2A transgene (scAAV9.hGM2A) can prevent GM2 accumulation in in GM2AP-deficient mice (Gm2a−/− mice). Additionally, scAAV9.hGM2A efficiently distributes to all tested regions of the CNS within 14 weeks post-injection and remains detectable for the lifespan of these animals (up to 104 weeks). Remarkably, GM2AP expression from the transgene scales with increasing doses of scAAV9.hGM2A (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 × 1011 vector genomes (vg) per mouse), and this correlates with dose-dependent correction of GM2 accumulation in the brain. No severe adverse events were observed, and comorbidities in treated mice were comparable to those in disease-free cohorts. Lastly, all doses yielded corrective outcomes. These data indicate that scAAV9.hGM2A treatment is relatively non-toxic and tolerable, and biochemically corrects GM2 accumulation in the CNS—the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with ABGM2. Importantly, these results constitute proof-of-principle for treating ABGM2 with scAAV9.hGM2A by means of a single intrathecal administration and establish a foundation for future preclinical research.
Orthogonal projection, embedding dimension and sample size in chaotic time series from a statistical perspective

By studying systematically the orthogonal projections, in a particular sense associated with a (random) time series admitting a possibly chaotic skeleton and in a sequence of suitably defined L2-spaces, we describe a geometric characterisation of the notion of embedding dimension within a statistical framework. The question of sample size requirement in the statistical estimation of the said dimension is addressed heuristically, ending with a pleasant surprise: the curse of dimensionality may be lifted except in the excessively stringent cases.
Prediction of Small Bubble Holdups in Bubble Columns Operated with Various Organic Liquids at Both Ambient and Elevated Pressures and Temperatures

This article focuses on the prediction of the small bubble holdups (assuming the existence of two major bubble classes) in two bubble columns (0.289 m in ID and 0.102 m in ID), operated with organic liquids under various conditions (including high temperature and pressure). A new correction factor has been established in the existing model for the prediction of the gas holdups in the homogeneous regime. The correction parameter is a single function of the Eötvös number (gravitational forces to surface tension forces), which characterizes the bubble shape. In addition, the behavior of small bubble holdups in 1-butanol (selected as a frequently researched alcohol) aerated with nitrogen, in a smaller BC (0.102 m in ID), at various operating pressures, is presented and discussed. The ratio of small bubble holdup to overall gas holdup, as a function of superficial gas velocity and operating pressure, has been investigated. All small bubble holdups in this work have been measured by means of the dynamic gas disengagement technique.
An Experimental Study of the Impact of Greenwashing on Attitudes toward Fossil Fuel Corporations’ Sustainability Initiatives

ABSTRACT In recent years, fossil fuel companies have released TV advertisements publicizing their efforts to address climate change, efforts that have been branded “greenwashing”. We conducted an experiment testing whether such ads actually cause individuals to develop more favorable attitudes regarding these corporations’ environmental behavior. Our results showed that a single exposure to two 30-second greenwashing ads was indeed sufficient to bolster individuals’ opinions regarding the efforts and progress of fossil fuel corporations in transitioning to renewable energy. In addition, we found that when individuals were presented with data revealing the true extent of these companies’ investments in renewables, this diminished, but did not fully reverse, the effects of the ads on their attitudes. The findings suggest that greenwashing ads may readily sway individuals to adopt more positive attitudes toward fossil fuel companies’ environmental behavior than might be warranted and do so in a manner that may be difficult to counteract.
Sixty years of Halffter’s Mexican Transition Zone: a systematic review using bibliometric tools

The Mexican Transition Zone (MTZ) has become a key concept that has promoted the consolidation of an integrative field of research. We reviewed the scientific publications on the MTZ with bibliometric tools to detect trends through time and analyze the conceptual structure and historiographic citation. We also performed a content analysis considering the conceptualization of the MTZ, the application of Halffter’s patterns of distribution, and the different disciplines where the term has been used. The number of publications per year has not been constant, but since 2012 there has been a general increase, becoming the MTZ frequently cited in papers and in some cases constituting a research topic. We identified divergences in the conceptualization of the MTZ and discussed the implications for biogeographic studies. Halffter’s conceptualization of the Mexican Transition Zone has inspired other authors to produce research focused on this area and to set biogeographic hypotheses but also to redefine the concept and make it applicable through its incorporation in the biogeographical regionalization of the Americas.
Comparison of oral candidiasis characteristics in head-and-neck cancer patients before and during radiotherapy

ABSTRACT Background: Patients undergoing head-and-neck radiotherapy are susceptible to Candida colonization and infection. This study aimed to identify oral Candida species type (ST), colony count (CC), and oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in head-and-neck cancer patients, undergoing radiotherapy, before and 2 weeks after radiation. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, head-and-neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (up to 6000 cGy) were recruited. Samples were taken before and 2 weeks after radiation therapy (RT). CC was assigned using Sabouraud dextrose agar culture medium and morphological studies were performed to confirm OPC. For identification, polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed. Data were analyzed using Chi-square-test and kappa coefficient. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Twenty-one of 33 patients were Candida positive. The detected fungal species included Candida albicans (60%), Candida tropicalis (22%), Candida glabrata (9%), and other species (9%). Following RT, OPC and CC changed significantly (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively), whereas ST did not significantly change (P = 0.081). Two new species (Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis) were detected after the intervention. The OPC, CC, and ST changes after RT were not significantly related to malignancy site or radiation dose (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed that OPC, CC, and ST were not related to the malignancy site. Following RT, OPC and CC changed significantly, while ST showed no significant change. The radiation dose and malignancy site had no effects on the OPC, CC, or ST alterations following RT.
Drug Coated Balloon in the Treatment of De Novo Coronary Artery Disease: A Narrative Review

Drug coated balloons (DCBs) are currently indicated in guidelines as a first choice option in the management of instant restenosis, whereas their use in de novo lesions is still debated. The concerns raised after the contrasting results of the initial trials with DCBs in de novo lesions have been more recently overcome by a larger amount of data confirming their safety and effectiveness as compared to drug-eluting stents (DES), with potentially greater benefits being achieved, especially in particular anatomical settings, as in very small or large vessels and bifurcations, but also in selected subsets of higher-risk patients, where a ‘leave nothing behind’ strategy could offer a reduction of the inflammatory stimulus and thrombotic risk. The present review aims at providing an overview of current available DCB devices and their indications of use based on the results of data achieved so far.
Free vibration of high-accuracy plate elements by the quadrature element method

In this paper, a highly accurate and rapidly converging hybrid approach is presented for the Quadrature Element Method (QEM) solution of plate free vibration problems. The hybrid QEM essentially consists of a collocation method in conjunction with a Galerkin finite element technique to combine the high accuracy of the Differential Quadrature Method (DQM) for the efficient solution of differential equations with the generality of the finite element formulation. This results in superior accuracy with fewer degrees of freedom than conventional FEM or FDM. A series of numerical tests is conducted to assess the performance of the quadrature plate element in free vibration problems. Anisotropic and stepped thickness plates are investigated as well as mixed boundary conditions and point supports at the edges. In all cases, the results obtained are quite accurate.
Excellent Interrater Reliability for Manual Segmentation of the Medial Perirhinal Cortex

Objective: Evaluation of interrater reliability for manual segmentation of brain structures that are affected first by neurofibrillary tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. Method: Medial perirhinal cortex, lateral perirhinal cortex, and entorhinal cortex were manually segmented by two raters on structural magnetic resonance images of 44 adults (20 men; mean age = 69.2 ± 10.4 years). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of cortical thickness and volumes were calculated. Results: Very high ICC values of manual segmentation for the cortical thickness of all regions (0.953–0.986) and consistently lower ICC values for volume estimates of the medial and lateral perirhinal cortex (0.705–0.874). Conclusions: The applied manual segmentation protocol allows different raters to achieve remarkably similar cortical thickness estimates for regions of the parahippocampal gyrus. In addition, the results suggest a preference for cortical thickness over volume as a reliable measure of atrophy, especially for regions affected by collateral sulcus variability (i.e., medial and lateral perirhinal cortex). The results provide a basis for future automated segmentation and collection of normative data.
Internal Variability Dependence on Cirrus Cloud Structure

Cirrus clouds play an important role in the climate system owing to their interwoven microphysical, dynamical and radiative properties. Using 35 GHz millimeter wave radar observations, we study the broadening of the Doppler spectrum and work on the problem of separating the contributions of different physical phenomena within cirrus clouds. Such a separation will allow us to specify how the roles of atmospheric dynamics and microphysics vary with cloud structure during future data analysis.
Detection of Coxiella burnetii and characterisation by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis in bovine bulk tank milk samples

Coxiella burnetii is the aetiological agent of Q fever, which is highly prevalent in Turkiye, but information on the genetic profiles of the bacterium is limited. This study aimed to investigate the presence of C. burnetii in bovine bulk tank milk (BTM) samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to investigate the genotypes by means of multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). A total of 25 markets that sold raw cow’s milk were analysed by conventional PCR analysis. An MLVA analysis was performed at six loci, namely MS23, MS24, MS27, MS28, MS33, and MS34, to determine the genotypic variations of C. burnetii found in the positive DNA samples. The DNA of C. burnetii was detected in 16% of the BTM samples. The C. burnetii strains identified in the bovine milk samples collected in this study were found to belong to the same genotypic group as those detected in the bovine milk samples gathered in Greece. As a result, both the presence and genotyping studies of C. burnetii on the BTM samples in Turkiye will contribute to the determination of the geographical distribution of the agent.
Cooperation dynamics of polycentric climate governance

Global coordination for the preservation of a common good, such as climate, is one of the most prominent challenges of modern societies. In this manuscript, we use the framework of evolutionary game theory to investigate whether a polycentric structure of multiple small-scale agreements provides a viable solution to solve global dilemmas as climate change governance. We review a stochastic model which incorporates a threshold game of collective action and the idea of risky goods, capturing essential features unveiled in recent experiments. We show how reducing uncertainty both in terms of the perception of disaster and in terms of goals induce a transition to cooperation. Taking into account wealth inequality, we explore the impact of the homophily, potentially present in the network of influence of the rich and the poor, in the different contributions of the players. Finally, we discuss the impact of polycentric sanctioning institutions, showing how such a scenario also proves to be more efficient than a single global institution.
Bimetallic Nanowires on Laser-Patterned PEN as Promising Biomaterials

As inflammation frequently occurs after the implantation of a medical device, biocompatible, antibacterial materials must be used. Polymer–metal nanocomposites are promising materials. Here we prepared enhanced polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) using surface modification techniques and investigated its suitability for biomedical applications. The PEN was modified by a KrF laser forming periodic ripple patterns with specific surface characteristics. Next, Au/Ag nanowires were deposited onto the patterned PEN using vacuum evaporation. Atomic force microscopy confirmed that the surface morphology of the modified PEN changed accordingly with the incidence angle of the laser beam. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that the distribution of the selected metals was dependent on the evaporation technique. Our bimetallic nanowires appear to be promising antibacterial agents due to the presence of antibacterial noble metals. The antibacterial effect of the prepared Au/Ag nanowires against E. coli and S. epidermidis was demonstrated using 24 h incubation with a drop plate test. Moreover, a WST-1 cytotoxicity test that was performed to determine the toxicity of the nanowires showed that the materials could be considered non-toxic. Collectively, these results suggest that prepared Au/Ag nanostructures are effective, biocompatible surface coatings for use in medical devices.
The Impact of the Chinese Thinking Style of Relations on Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Coping Styles

Chinese people tend to view and analyze problems according to relations and holism, which can cause them to adopt positive coping strategies when facing difficulties, thus improving their mental health. This study verifies the relationship among relations as a dimension of the Chinese thinking style, coping strategies, and mental health through three research studies. Study 1 preliminarily examines a significant, positive correlation between Chinese relational thinking and mental health through questionnaire surveys. Study 2 primes Chinese relational thinking and explores its relationship with coping strategies. The results show that relational thinking could enhance individuals’ active coping, seeking of emotional support and venting, problem avoidance, and attentional diversion coping strategies while reducing denial and disengagement coping styles. Study 3 further demonstrates through questionnaires across time points that Chinese relational thinking could improve individuals’ mental health by enhancing their active coping and minimizing denial and disengagement. The results of the three studies are of great significance in terms of improving mental health from the perspective of Chinese relational thinking and coping strategies.
THE EFFECT OF TAX KNOWLEDGE AND TAX SANCTIONS ON TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE OF PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURS IN THE STATIONERY SECTOR

Tax is one of the national incomes owned by Indonesia. Tax will later be used to build and develop the existing infrastructure in Indonesia. Tax is an obligation for citizens who are registered as individual taxpayers. One way to be a good citizen is to pay taxes on time. However, there are still many taxpayers who have not complied with their tax obligations. There are several factors that affect the compliance of individual taxpayers, such as knowledge of taxation and tax sanctions. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of knowledge of taxation and tax sanctions on individual taxpayer compliance among stationery entrepreneurs. The population in this study are stationery entrepreneurs on the island of Java. The sample taken is 50 respondents through a questionnaire. The research method used is multiple linear regression. The results of the study indicate that tax knowledge does not affect taxpayer compliance, while tax sanctions affect taxpayer compliance.
Effect of Social Media Addiction on Executive Functioning Among Young Adults: The Mediating Roles of Emotional Disturbance and Sleep Quality

Introduction The increased research examining social media addiction with its negative consequences has raised concerns over the past decade. However, little research has investigated the association between social media addiction and executive functioning as well as the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Methods Using a survey, the present study examined the association between social media addiction and executive functioning via emotional disturbance and sleep quality among 1051 Chinese young adults, aged 18 to 27 years old (M=21.02 years [SD=1.89]; 34.41% male). Results The results showed that social media addiction had a significant negative association with executive functioning but positive associations with emotional disturbance and poor sleep quality. Structural equation modeling suggested that there was a significant direct effect between social media addiction and executive functioning. Indirect effects via two paths (ie, emotional disturbance alone, and both emotional disturbance and sleep quality) were also statistically significant. Discussion The findings indicate that both emotional disturbance and poor sleep quality are risk-enhancing mediators in the relationship between social media addiction and executive functioning. Intervention programs (eg, emotional regulation strategies) should be considered to reduce the adverse effects of social media addiction on cognitive impairment among young adults.