Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lithospheric and crustal reactivation of an ancient plate boundary: the assembly and disassembly of the Salmon River suture zone, Idaho, USA

Abstract The Salmon River suture zone, western Idaho, is a fundamental lithospheric boundary between the North American craton and the accreted terranes of the Cordilleran margin. The initial juxtaposition along this north-south-oriented structure occurred during Early Cretaceous time. This zone was potentially reactivated twice by subsequent tectonism, once during Cretaceous time and once during Miocene time. The Late Cretaceous western Idaho shear zone formed along the Salmon River suture zone, as denoted by a sharp gradient in the isotopic signature of the granitoids that intruded the lithospheric boundary zone. The reconstructed Late Cretaceous orientation of the western Idaho shear zone contains subvertical fabrics (lineation, foliation). The same boundary also acted as a locus for subsequent Miocene Basin and Range extensional deformation. Domino-style normal faulting and deep (2100 m) basin formation accommodated the motion between the extending accreted terranes to the west and the unextended Idaho batholith to the east. Whereas either the mantle boundary or a crustal-scale structuring controls the regional extent of the extensionally reactivated zone, locally crustal basement faults and lithological contacts control the orientation and precise location of faults that accommodate reactivation. The multiple reactivation of the Salmon River suture zone is critical for several reasons. The Early Cretaceous suture zone apparently created a fundamental lithospheric flaw, which was reactivated after terrane accretion. Whether this zone was a fracture or a shear zone, the fabric in the mantle lithosphere was apparently not ‘healed’ during orogenesis. Thus, juxtaposition of mantle lithosphere, which is inferred to occur by faulting in the uppermost mantle, acts as a weakness during later tectonism. Second, the paucity of strike-slip plate boundaries in the geological record makes sense in the context of reactivation. The vertical, lithospheric-scale nature of these structures makes them particularly susceptible to lithospheric-scale reactivation during both transcurrent and/or extensional deformation. These reactivations both overprint the earlier deformation and modify the original geometry. Steeply dipping fabrics, rather than vertical fabrics, may be the general signature of major, ancient strike-slip faults.
II.—Eophrynus and Allied Carboniferous Arachnida

For the opportunity to study the interesting Carboniferous Arachnid forming the subject-matter of the following pages, I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Henry Woodward, F.R. S. , who recently placed in my hands for that purpose a very perfect gutta-percha cast, and a good, though less complete one, in plaster, of the original fossil specimen, which was unfortunately not available for examination in its natural form.
The ancestral conservative tillage of silver fir in the ‘Tisovik’ reserve of the Białowieża Primeval Forest

Abstract The ‘Tisovik’reserve, located in the Belarusian part of the Białowieża Forest, holds an isolated relic stand of silver fir, situated 120 km to the north-east of the main forest. In order to preserve this relic fir stand, a ancestral conservative tillage consisting of the Jd 92 trial (plot I) and the Jd 94 trial (plots II and III) was established between 1992 and 1994 in the Polish part of the Białowieża Forest on the territory of the Hajnówka Forest District. The growth and development of the progeny of 20 firs were characterized by means of long-term observations made in these trials. In 2000 (at the age of 18), the firs in the Jd 92 trial (plot I) reached an average height of 394.86 cm with a mean diameter at breast height of 42.42 mm and the average rate of survival amounted to 75%. In the Jd 94 trial, the rate of fir survival on plot II was 70% (at the age of 15) with an average height of 277.08 cm and a diameter at breast height of 36.62 mm, while on plot III only 50 trees with an average height of 198.6 cm and a diameter at breast height of 24.49 mm survived. The results of this study show that the fir progeny in the ‘Tisovik’ reserve is of high breeding value. Therefore, the silver fir seed stock of the ‘Tisovik’ reserve is suitable for the establishment of new plantations in the Polish part of the Białowieża Forest and the Mazury-Podlasie Region.
Amoebic dysentery In fectio u s d iseases

INTRODUCTION: Amoebic dysentery is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It is transmitted in areas where poor sanitation allows contamination of drinking water and food with faeces. In these areas, up to 40% of people with diarrhoea may have amoebic dysentery. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of drug treatments for amoebic dysentery in endemic areas? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to July 2006 (BMJ Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS: We found 11 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: emetine, metronidazole, ornidazole, paromomycin, secnidazole, and tinidazole. QUESTIONS What are the effects of drug treatments for amoebic dysentery in endemic areas? 2 INTERVENTIONS DRUG TREATMENTS Likely to be beneficial Ornidazole . 4 Secnidazole* . 3 Tinidazole* . 4 Unknown effectiveness Emetine . 5 Paromomycin . 5 Unlikely to be beneficial Metronidazole* . 2 To be covered in future updates Effects of interventions to prevent recurrence/transmission in endemic areas Effects of interventions in immunocompromised people Diiodohydroxyquin (iodoquinol) Quinfamide Concomitant antibiotics in fulminating amoebic colitis Furazolidone Dicholoroacetanilide derivates (furamide, clefamide, quifamide, and etofamide) Teclozan Diloxanide Footnote *No placebo controlled RCTs. Categorisation based on consensus and evidence of similar effectiveness among these drugs.
Effect of sowing dates and seed treatment on grain yield and quality of wheat

The study was conducted to ascertain a suitable planting time and seed treatment for wheat. Different planting times included November15, November 30 and December 15. The seed treatments were comprised of unsoaked, water soaked and 1% NaHCO 3 soaked seed. The water soaked and 1% NaHCO 3 seed treatments produced higher yield of 4.618 t ha -1 and maximum average grain yield of 5.09 t ha -1 was produced by sowing of wheat on November 15. Water soaked seeds sowing at November 15 was superior in all respect.
The effect of grazing intensity on the elements of N, P and K in Gardaneh Zanbouri Rangeland of Arsanjan, Iran.

Livestock as one of the main elements of range ecosystems has different effects on its different parts. An effective factor is the number of livestock when it is beyond the capacity of the range. This has different effects on soil and plants with different intensities in the range. To study the effect of grazing intensity on the N, P and K soil properties in the three critical, reference and key areas of Gardaneh Zanboori rangeland in Arsanjan, systematic random soil sampling was conducted at two horizons of 0 -15 and 15 -30 cm. 5 samples were selected per horizon and factors of total nitrogen, percentage of soil absorbable phosphorus and potassium were measured in each sample. Results of the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test showed that there was no significant difference between critical, reference and key areas in terms of N value. However, in the key area, the N value was less than that of critical area. Meanwhile, the increased grazing intensity was associated with a decrease in the P and K values.
Uncertainty and Economic Activity: A Multi-Country Perspective

We develop an asset pricing model with heterogeneous exposure to a persistent world growth factor to identify global growth and financial shocks in a multicountry panel VAR in volatility and output growth. The econometric estimates yield three sets of empirical results about (1) the importance of global growth for the interpretation of the correlation between volatility and growth over the business cycle and the possible presence of omitted variable bias in single-country VAR studies, (2) the extent to which output shocks drive volatility, and (3) the transmission of volatility shocks to output growth. Authors have furnished data, code, and an Internet Appendix, which are available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Sphaerodoridae (Annélides Polychètes) profonds du Nord-Est Atlantique

L'etude des collections d'Annelides Polychetes de la famille des Sphaerodoridae recoltees au cours des missions du CNEXO en Atlantique Est (etage bathyaux et abyssaux) montre l'importance de cette famille en mer profonde et singulierement dans l'etage bathyal. Les individus rencontres se repartissent en huit especes dont sept sont nouvelles pour la Science, la huitieme etant decrite de l'Antarctique. Aucune espece n'est commune avec celles decrites de l'etage profond de l'Atlantique Ouest, montrant ainsi le fort degre d'endemisme des especes appartenant a cette famille. [OCR NON CONTROLE]
Low expression of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein is associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients

Background: Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) was initially identified as a key receptor interacting protein 3 downstream component of tumor-necrosis-factor-induced necrosis. In this study, we characterized the expression of MLKL in ovarian carcinomas and evaluated the prognostic value of MLKL in patients with ovarian cancer. Materials and methods: The ovarian cancer tissue specimens were collected from 153 patients diagnosed as primary ovarian cancer after operation at The Second Xiangya Hospital from January 2005 to December 2008. Immunohistochemistry was performed for MLKL and the protein expression score was quantified using an established scoring system. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were generated for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for all patients. MLKL expression levels were correlated with DFS and OS using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: Seventy-five patients (49%) were defined as having high MLKL expression and 67 patients (43.7%) had . 80% of cells staining for MLKL. Remarkably, low MLKL expression was significantly associated with decreased DFS (median 40 months versus 25 months, P = 0.0282) and OS (median 43 months versus 28 months, P = 0.0032). In multivariate analysis, retained significance was also observed. Conclusion: Low MLKL expression was significantly associated with both decreased DFS and OS in patients with primary ovarian cancer. MLKL expression may serve as a potential prognostic marker in patients with ovarian cancer.
Late Quaternary sedimentation on the North Aegean continental margin, Greece

The late Quaternary seismic stratigraphy of the North Aegean continental shelf and adjacent basins has been interpreted from boomer and 3.5-kHz seismic profiles. Ages derived from shallow cores and offshore wells, and relative offsets on small synsedimentary faults, provide chronological control. Sea level history inferred from seismic stratigraphy correlates with the global eustatic sea level record based on oxygen isotopic curves. Outer shelf progradation correlates with lowstands of sea level in isotopic stages 2, 3, and 6, whereas shelf-wide transgression surfaces correspond to the stage 6/5 and 2/1 transitions, when rapid deglaciation occurred. The present depth of the delta plain formed on the outer shelf during the late stage 6 lowstand provides a dated and originally horizontal marker for estimating rates of tectonic subsidence. Gross distribution of sediment facies is similar in both tectonically stable and active areas. The shelf break formed by delta progradation, but is marked by faults in most places because of the accommodation provided by graben subsidence rates of 0.3-1.5 mm/yr. Standard sequence stratigraphic analysis can be applied to these sediments deposited during high-amplitude Quaternary sea level oscillations. High rates of subsidence result in the preservation of an unusually complete record of sea level change. Major lowstand progradation is dependent on the duration, rather than the magnitude, of sea level lowstand. The long glaciations in isotopic stages 6, 12, 16, and 22 resulted in the most prominent seaward progradation on the margin. Sandy lowstand turbidite deposits formed only when there was rapid fall in sea level; otherwise sand was trapped on delta tops and silty muds were deposited in deep water.
Jar Burials from the Lobusbussan Site, Orchid (Botel Tobago) Island

Etude des jarres funeraires du site de Lobusbussan, dans l'ile d'Orchid, Chine, au nord des Philippines. Cette ile est actuellement peuplee par les Yami. L'une des jarres est datee de 1170 B. P., ce qui est actuellement la donnee la plus ancienne pour cette region.
Tectonic configuration of the Western Arabian Continental Margin, southern Red Sea

The young continental margin of the western Arabian Peninsula is uplifted 3.5 to 4 km and is well exposed. Rift-related extensional deformation is confined to a zone 150 km wide inland of the present coastline at 17 to 18° N and its intensity increases gradually from east to west. Extension is negligible near the crest of the Arabian escarpment, but it reaches a value of 8 to 10% in the western Asir, a highly dissected mountainous region west of the escarpment. There is an abrupt increase in extensional deformation in the foothills and pediment west of the Asir (about 40 km inland of the shoreline) where rocks in the upper plate of a system of low-angle normal faults with west dips are extended by 60 to 110%. The faults were active 23 to 29 Ma ago and the uplift occurred after 25 Ma ago. Tertiary mafic dike swarms and plutons of gabbro and granophyre 20 to 23 Ma old are concentrated in the foothills and pediment as well. The chemistry of the dikes suggests (1) fractionation at 10 to 20 kbar, (2) a rapid rise through the upper mantle and lower crust, and (3) differentiation and cooling at 1 Atm to 5 kbar. Structural relations between dikes, faults and dipping beds indicate that the mechanical extension and intrusional expansion were partly coeval, but that most of the extension preceded the expansion. A tectonic reconstruction of pre-Red Sea Afro/Arabia suggests that the early rift was narrow with intense extension confined to an axial belt 20 to 40 km wide. Steep Moho slopes probably developed during rift formation as indicated by published gravity data, two published seismic interpretations and the surface geology.
FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES E ADUBAÇÃO FOSFATADA NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE PARICÁ

The recovery of degraded ecosystems demands research with native species that can support forest restoration programs. The production of seedlings with native tree species in association with soil microorganisms is an important technique for the rehabilitation of these environments. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphorus nutrition on growth and nutrient content of parica seedlings [ Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby]. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse for a period of 75 days, using a completely randomized design in a factorial 4x4, inoculation with AMF: Rhizophagus clarus , Gigaspora margarita , mixed inoculum ( Rhizophagus clarus + Gigaspora margarita ) and control (without AMF), four P doses: 0, 60, 120 and 180 mg dm -3 soil, with four replications. The variables height, dry matter area, root dry matter, leaf area, stem diameter and the contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in shoots, were evaluated. Parica seedlings showed higher colonization percentage for Rhizophagus clarus and mixed inoculum (80 and 90%, respectively), different from that observed for the species Gigaspora margarita , with a lower percentage (20%). The Rhizophagus clarus and mixed inoculum, in the absence of P, increased the growth variables relative to the control plants. The contents of N, P, Ca and Mg were influenced by the AMF and by the doses of P.
Title An algebraic model for the su ( 2 ¦ 2 ) Light-Cone string fieldtheory

We investigate algebraic structure of light-cone string field theory which respects the spacetime supersymmetry su(2|2). Extracting building blocks from the explicit oscillator expressions of light-cone superstring field theory on the pp-wave and the flat background, we propose a model for more generic backgrounds by giving an algebraic procedure to construct supercharges and Hamiltonian without referring to explicit oscillator expressions. Based on this strategy, we systematically construct interaction terms of light-cone string field theory on the pp-wave background and some examples of its generalization. We also study the supergravity limit of the interaction terms on the pp-wave background. ikishimo@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac. jp moriyama@math.nagoya-u.ac. jp
Teach for America: Research on Politics, Leadership, Race, and Education Reform education policy analysis archives

: This article examines the paradox of Teach For America’s diversity gains and its support for policies that contribute to Black teacher decline in urban communities. TFA has countered claims that its expansion is connected to teacher displacement, but its two-pronged structure—as an alternative certification program and an influential policy actor via its leadership model for education reform—requires a critical analysis of the impact of its policy commitments on Black teachers. I propose steps to better align TFA’s policy orientations with its diversity values by leveraging TFA’s policy influence to support better working conditions for teachers in urban schools, democratic school turnarounds, and teacher organizing linked to broad social justice movements.
Phenomenology of summer ozone episodes over the Madrid Metropolitan Area, central Spain

Abstract. Various studies have reported that the photochemical nucleation of new ultrafine particles (UFPs) in urban environments within high insolation regions occurs simultaneously with high ground ozone (O 3) levels. In this work, we evaluate the atmospheric dynamics leading to summer O 3 episodes in the Madrid air basin (central Iberia) by means of measuring a 3-D distribution of concentrations for both pollutants. To this end, we obtained vertical profiles (up to 1200 m above ground level) using tethered balloons and miniaturised instrumentation at a suburban site located to the SW of the Madrid Metropolitan Area (MMA), the Majadahonda site (MJDH), in July 2016. Simultaneously, measurements of an extensive number of air quality and meteorological parameters were carried out at three supersites across the MMA. Furthermore, data from O 3 soundings and daily radio soundings were also used to interpret atmospheric dynamics. The results demonstrate the concatenation of venting and accumulation episodes, with relative lows (venting) and peaks (accumulation) in O 3 surface levels. Regardless of the episode type, the fumigation of high-altitude O 3 (arising from a variety of origins) contributes the major proportion of surface O 3 concentrations. Accumulation episodes are characterised by a relatively thinner planetary boundary layer (< 1500 m at midday, lower in altitude than the orographic features), light synoptic winds, and the development of mountain breezes along the slopes of the Guadarrama Mountain Range (located W and NW of the MMA, with a maximum elevation of > 2400 m a.s.l.). This orographic–meteorological setting causes the vertical recirculation of air masses and enrichment of O 3 in the lower tropospheric layers. When the highly polluted urban plume from Madrid is affected by these dynamics, the highest O x (O 3+ NO 2) concentrations are recorded in the MMA. Vertical O 3 profiles during venting episodes, with strong synoptic winds and a deepening of the planetary boundary layer reaching > 2000 m a.s. l. , were characterised by an upward gradient in O 3 levels, whereas a reverse situation with O 3 concentration maxima at lower levels was found during the accumulation episodes due to local and/or regional production. The two contributions to O 3 surface levels (fumigation from high-altitude strata, a high O 3 background, and/or regional production) require very different approaches for policy actions. In contrast to O 3 vertical top-down transfer, UFPs are formed in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and are transferred upwards progressively with the increase in PBL growth.
Changes in contraceptive method mix in developing countries.

CONTEXT Understanding shifts in contraceptive method mix is key to helping policymakers, program managers and donor agencies meet current contraceptive demand and estimate future needs in developing countries. METHODS Data from Demographic and Health Surveys, Reproductive Health Surveys and other nationally representative surveys were analyzed to describe trends and shifts in method mix among married women of reproductive age from 1980 to 2005. The analysis included 310 surveys from 104 developing countries. RESULTS Contraceptive use among married women of reproductive age increased in all regions of the developing world, reaching 66% in Asia and 73% in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2000-2005, though only 22% in Sub- Saharan Africa. The proportion of married contraceptive users relying on the IUD declined from 24% to 20%, and the proportion using the pill fell from 16% to 12%. The share of method mix for injectables rose from 2% to 8%, and climbed from 8% to 26% in Sub-Saharan Africa, while the share for condoms was 5-7%. The overall proportion of users relying on female sterilization ranged from 29% to 39%, reaching 42-43% in Asia and in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2000-2005; on average, the share of all method use accounted for by male sterilization remained below 3% for all periods. Use of traditional methods declined in all regions; the sharpest drop-from 56% to 31% of users-occurred in Sub-Saharan Africa. CONCLUSIONS To meet the rising demand for modern methods, it is critical that future programmatic efforts provide methods that are both accessible and acceptable to users.