Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broadening the Spatial Applicability of Paleoclimate Information—A Case Study for the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia

Recent advances in the collection and analysis of paleoclimate data have provided significant insights into preinstrumental environmental events and processes, enabling a greater understanding of long-term environmental change and associated hydroclimatic risks. Unfortunately, it is often the case that there is a dearth of readily available paleoclimate data from regions where such insights and long-term data are most needed. The Murray‐Darling basin (MDB), known as Australia’s ‘‘food bowl,’’ is an example of such a region where currently there are very limited in situ paleoclimate data available. While previous studies have utilized paleoclimate proxy records of large-scale climate mechanisms to infer preinstrumental MDB hydroclimatic variability, there is a lack of studies that utilize Australian terrestrial proxy records to garner similar information. Given the immediate need for improved understanding of MDB hydroclimatic variability, this paper identifies key locations in Australia where existing and as yet unrealized paleoclimate records will be most useful in reconstructing such information. To identify these key locations, rainfall relationships between MDB and non-MDB locations were explored through correlations and principal component analysis. An objective analysisusing optimalinterpolation was thenused to pinpoint the most strategic locations to further developproxyrecordsandgaininsightsintothebenefitsofobtainingthis additionalinformation.Thefindings reveal that there is potential for the future assembly of high-resolution paleoclimate records in Australia capable of informing MDB rainfall variability, in particular southeast Australia and central-northern Australia. This study highlights the need for further investment in the development of these potential proxy sources to subsequently enable improved assessments of long-term hydroclimatic risks.
Carbon Isotopic Characteristics of Jurassic Alkane Gases in the Sichuan Basin, China

There are plentiful natural gas resources in Jurassic in the Sichuan basin, where a lot of gas fields (reservoirs) have been discovered, and the natural gas is mainly alkane gas. Comprehensive study on carbon isotopic characteristics indicated that Jurassic alkane gas in Sichuan Basin can be divided into two types, coal-formed gas and oil-type gas. As the majority of the natural gas, coal-formed gas distributed in Central and Northwest gas districts and was mainly from the underlying coal-measure hydrocarbon source rocks in Xujiahe Formation. The carbon isotopic series were mainly normal, while a minority were reversed. The reversal ones in Northwest gas district were caused by mixing of gases from the same source rocks with different maturity, while those in Central gas district were caused by mixing of oil-type and coal-formed gases. Oil-type gas was only discovered in Bajiaochang gas field in Central oil and gas district, and derived from self-generation and self-accumulation in Lower Jurassic, with normal carbon isotopic series and without any reversal. Comprehensive analysis suggested that the carbon isotopic characteristics of Jurassic alkane gas were different according to different regions and layers. The δ13C1 and δ13C2 values of Jurassic alkane gas in central area were significantly lower than those in northwestern area for the influence by oil-type gas generated from Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation.
A New Fossil Salamander (Caudata, Proteidae) from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek Formation, Montana, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT North American Late Cretaceous salamanders are principally known by isolated atlantes and trunk vertebrae. Here I describe a new genus and species of fossil salamander, Paranecturus garbanii, gen. et sp. nov., based on these elements from the lower portions of the Hell Creek Formation (Maastrichtian), Garfield County, northeastern Montana, U.S.A. It is diagnosed by a unique combination of character states that include the presence of an alar-like process of the atlas and a groove on the posterior face of the neural arch and solid dorsal rib-bearers of the trunk vertebrae. My phylogenetic analysis of 13 caudate taxa and 23 atlantal and trunk vertebral characters recovered P. garbanii as a member of the Proteidae. P. garbanii represents the oldest fossil record of the Proteidae and demonstrates that this lineage was present before the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event. SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline. com/UJVP
Pathogenic fungi shape the fungal community, network complexity, and pathogenesis in kiwifruit

Kiwifruit decay caused by endophytic fungi is affected by exogenous pathogens that trigger changes in fungal community composition and interact with the endophytic fungal community. Four fungal pathogens of kiwifruit were identified. These were Aspergillus japonicus, Aspergillus flavus, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Penicillium oxalicum. Except for P. oxalicum, the remaining three species represent newly described pathogens of kiwifruit. All four fungal species caused disease and decay in mature kiwifruit. Results of the fungal community analysis indicated that three pathogens that A. japonicus, A. flavus and P. oxalicum were the most dominant, however, other fungal species that did not cause disease symptoms were also present. Positive interactions between fungal species were found in asymptomatic, symptomatic, and infected kiwifruit. The ability of all four pathogens to infect kiwifruit was confirmed in an inoculation experiment. The presence of any one of the four identified pathogens accelerated decay development and limited the postharvest longevity of harvested kiwifruit. Results of the study identified and confirmed the ability of four fungal species to infect and cause decay in harvested kiwifruit. Changes in the structure and composition of the kiwifruit microbiome during the decay process were also characterized. This provides a foundation for the further study of the microbiome of kiwifruit and their involvement in postharvest diseases.
Characterization and interpretation of volcanic activity at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia, using observations of infrasound, volcanic emissions, and thermal imagery

A multiparameter data set including measurements of infrasound, volcanic emissions, and thermal imagery is used to characterize and interpret diverse volcanic activity observed during field campaigns in August 2011 and July 2012 at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Four activity types are visually identified and characterized according to: SO2 emission rate, ash mass, event duration, peak temperature, thermal radiation energy, infrasound onset and frequency, reduced infrasonic pressure, and acoustic energy. These activity types include: (1) ash explosions, (2) pulsatory degassing, (3) gas jetting, and (4) explosive eruption. Unique infrasound signals are associated with all four activity types suggesting that infrasound can be used to help remotely and continuously detect and characterize volcanic activity at Karymsky and other similar volcanoes. Our observations suggest that SO2 is emitted continuously, though in varying abundance, while ash is emitted discontinuously and is only associated with certain types of activity. Our data set supports previous models that attribute variations in surface activity to changes in conduit permeability at Karymsky Volcano. Evidence for a decrease in conduit permeability as a trigger for ash explosions and explosive eruption activity types is supported by weakened but still detectable SO2 emission rates prior to eruption, along with the highly impulsive infrasonic onset and large reduced infrasound pressure indicating high pressure at the vent. We speculate that changes in conduit permeability at Karymsky Volcano result from changes in magma supply from the shallow‐crustal storage region though additional measurements are required to validate this hypothesis.
Elemental composition of the inner source pickup ions

Observations of the composition of inner source pickup ions in the solar wind, from the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer on Ulysses, are presented. The composition is similar to that of the solar wind and, in particular, contains volatile elements such as neon. These observations suggest strongly, and perhaps conclusively, that inner source pickup ions result from solar wind particles that are embedded in dust grains and then released. Our observations also suggest that inner source pickup ions may be an important source for particles accelerated at shocks surrounding corotating interaction regions since the resulting composition will resemble that of the solar wind, as is observed. Mechanisms are described whereby inner source pickup ions can be preferentially injected into the shock acceleration mechanism.
A new massive deposit of allophane raw material in Ecuador

In Ecuador, DINAGE (known today as the Servicio Geológico Nacional) and the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources have discovered a huge allophane deposit covering an area of >4000 km2. This study presents the results from an investigation of a 16-m thick vertical sequence from this deposit, supposedly the weathering product of two different volcanic ash deposits. In particular, the distribution of alkali metals within the uppermost layer indicates that the weathering process is still ongoing.According to the mineralogical composition, an allophane-rich layer (allophane facies) could be distinguished from the underlying halloysite-rich layer (halloysite facies). A 2-m thick transition zone is characterized by the presence of gibbsite and intermediate specific surface area values. Only a few imogolite fibers could be identified (by scanning electron microscopy), indicating the dominance of allophane over imogolite in the allophane facies. Single allophane particles were investigated by atomic force microscopy, though this method was less accurate than transmission electron microscopy with respect to the determination of the primary particle diameter. Carbon isotope analysis (14C) suggested an age of ∼20,000 y for the allophane layer.Within the allophane facies, a 4-m thick layer occurs containing 70–80 wt. % allophane with an N2-BET specific surface area of >300 m2/g. Based on infrared and energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements, an Al/Si ratio of 1.3–1.4 was established for this allophane, which is between Al-rich and Si-rich allophane. The allophane layer may be of economic value due to the large allophane content, the small amount of organic matter, and the significant thickness of the deposit.
The Precambrian–Cambrian boundary beds in Morocco (Preliminary Report)

Summary In the Anti-Atlas, trilobites occur below the zone of Fallotaspis tazemmourtensis of Hupé (1953) and even somewhat below the first archaeocyathids of the region. Most of them are opisthoparions (Hupetina gen.nov is described), and the olenellid Eofallotaspis gen.nov. probably is ancestral to Fallotaspis. The age is concluded not be younger than the lower Atdabanian of the Siberian platform. In the High Atlas, in the area called Ounein, a complete succession of trilobites from the low Lower Cambrian through the Middle Cambrian is being studied. The oldest trilobites encountered here are referred to the new genus Lemdadella. Correlation with the Anti-Atlas or other regions is uncertain.
Dravet syndrome: A systematic literature review of the illness burden

We performed a systematic literature review and narrative synthesis according to a pre‐registered protocol (Prospero: CRD42022376561) to identify the evidence associated with the burden of illness in Dravet syndrome (DS), a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by drug‐resistant epilepsy with neurocognitive and neurobehavioral impairment. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and APA PsychInfo, Cochrane's database of systematic reviews, and Epistemonikos from inception to June 2022. Non‐interventional studies reporting on epidemiology (incidence, prevalence, and mortality), patient and caregiver health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), direct and indirect costs and healthcare resource utilization were eligible. Two reviewers independently carried out the screening. Pre‐specified data were extracted and a narrative synthesis was conducted. Overall, 49 studies met the inclusion criteria. The incidence varied from 1:15 400–1:40 900, and the prevalence varied from 1.5 per 100 000 to 6.5 per 100 000. Mortality was reported in 3.7%–20.8% of DS patients, most commonly due to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy and status epilepticus. Patient HRQoL, assessed by caregivers, was lower than in non‐DS epilepsy patients; mean scores (0 [worst] to 100/1 [best]) were 62.1 for the Kiddy KINDL/Kid‐KINDL, 46.5–54.7 for the PedsQL and 0.42 for the EQ‐5D‐5L. Caregivers, especially mothers, were severely affected, with impacts on their time, energy, sleep, career, and finances, while siblings were also affected. Symptoms of depression were reported in 47%–70% of caregivers. Mean total direct costs were high across all studies, ranging from $11 048 to $77 914 per patient per year (PPPY), with inpatient admissions being a key cost driver across most studies. Mean costs related to lost productivity were only reported in three publications, ranging from approximately $19 000 to $20 000 PPPY ($17 596 for mothers vs $1564 for fathers). High seizure burden was associated with higher resource utilization, costs and poorer HRQoL. The burden of DS on patients, caregivers, the healthcare system, and society is profound, reflecting the severe nature of the syndrome. Future studies will be able to assess the impact that newly approved therapies have on reducing the burden of DS.
Eurasian winter cooling in the warming hiatus of 1998–2012

We investigate the relative magnitudes of the contributions of surface temperature trends from different latitude bands to the recent warming hiatus. We confirm from five different global data sets that the global‐mean surface temperature trend in the period 1998–2012 is strongly influenced by a pronounced Eurasian winter cooling trend. To understand the drivers of this winter cooling trend, we perform three 20‐member ensembles of simulations with different prescribed sea surface temperature and sea ice in the atmospheric model ECHAM6. Our experimental results suggest that the Arctic sea ice loss does not drive systematic changes in the Northern Hemisphere large‐scale circulation in the past decades. The observed Eurasian winter cooling trend over 1998–2012 arises essentially from atmospheric internal variability and constitutes an extreme climate event. However, the observed reduction in Arctic sea ice enhances the variability of Eurasian winter climate and thus increases the probability of an extreme Eurasian winter cooling trend.
The fixed-hotspot hypothesis and origin of the Easter—Sala y Gomez—Nazca trace

Reconstructions of the Pacific and Nazca plates suggest that both the Nazca and Tuamotu Ridges originated from a melting anomaly which existed beneath the Pacific-Farallon Ridge during the time interval between anomalies 19 and 11, as would be predicted from the fixed-hotspot hypothesis. The hotspot hypothesis, interpreted according to morphology of the Easter-Sala y Gomez-Nazca trace, would further suggest that the hotspot was located entirely beneath the Nazca plate during the time interval between anomalies 11 and 2′. At the end of this interval, the eastern boundary of the Easter plate formed, centered above the hotspot. According to this scheme, the present location of the hotspot is about 200 km west of Easter Island. However, the Easter model is incompatible with the hotspot model for the Hawiian-Emperior chain, if the hotspots are fixed relative to one another, as the age of the point on the Tuamotu Ridge which corresponds with the Hawaiian-Emperor bend (53 to 55 m.y.) is significantly greater than the age of the bend (43 m.y.). The fixed-hostpot hypothesis can be satisfied by the two traces only if one or a combination of the following conditions is met: the kinematic age of the Hawaiian-Emperor bend is substantially greater than the isotopically dated age, the magnetic-anomaly time scale is in significant error, and/or magnetic-anomaly identifications in the vicinity of the Tuamotu Ridge are erroneous. It might appear that other mechanisms for the origin of hotspot traces are preferable to the hotspot hypothesis. The most promising of these involves propagating fractures resulting from intraplate stress. This hypothesis has the advantage of accommodating anomalies in some hotspot traces, such as persistence of igneous activity long after passage of the trace over the hotspot.
PENGARUH COUNTRY OF ORIGIN DAN GLOBAL BRAND IMAGE TERHADAP MINAT BELI DAN KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN (Survei pada Konsumen yang Membeli Smartphone Samsung Galaxy di Asia Tenggara)

This research aims to examine and explain the effect of country of origin and global brand image on purchase intention and purchase decision also to examine the different perception between consumers in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand. Type of research used in this research is explanatory research with quantitative approach. The size of the sample is 151 persons and sampling technique used in this research is quota sampling. The data analysis techniques used in this research are descriptive analysis, path analysis, and One-Way ANOVA. The results of this research show that country of origin has negative and significant effect on purchase intention, however, country of origin has no significant direct effect on purchase decision. Global brand image shows positive and significant effect both on purchase intention and purchase decision. Simultaneously, both of country of origin and global brand image show positive and significant effect on purchase intention and purchase decision. Moreover, the results show that there is a different perception towards the purchase intention among consumers in Malaysia and Thailand, but there is no different perception among the customers in each country for country of origin, global brand image, and purchase decision.
External validation of deep learning-based automated detection algorithm for chest radiograph: practical issues in outpatient clinic

Background There have been no reports on diagnostic performance of deep learning-based automated detection (DLAD) for thoracic diseases in real-world outpatient clinic. Purpose To validate DLAD for use at an outpatient clinic and analyze the interpretation time for chest radiographs. Material and Methods This is a retrospective single-center study. From 18 January 2021 to 18 February 2021, 205 chest radiographs with DLAD and paired chest CT from 205 individuals (107 men and 98 women; mean ± SD age: 63 ± 8 years) from an outpatient clinic were analyzed for external validation and observer performance. Two radiologists independently reviewed the chest radiographs by referring to the paired chest CT and made reference standards. Two pulmonologists and two thoracic radiologists participated in observer performance tests, and the total amount of time taken during the test was measured. Results The performance of DLAD (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.920) was significantly higher than that of pulmonologists (AUC = 0.756) and radiologists (AUC = 0.782) without assistance of DLAD. With help of DLAD, the AUCs were significantly higher for both groups (pulmonologists AUC = 0.853; radiologists AUC = 0.854). A greater than 50% decrease in mean interpretation time was observed in the pulmonologist group with assistance of DLAD compared to mean reading time without aid of DLAD (from 67 s per case to 30 s per case). No significant difference was observed in the radiologist group (from 61 s per case to 61 s per case). Conclusion DLAD demonstrated good performance in interpreting chest radiographs of patients at an outpatient clinic, and was especially helpful for pulmonologists in improving performance.
Effect of Ezetimibe combined with Simvastatin in the treatment of coronary heart disease: a retrospective analysis.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the effect of Ezetimibe combined with Simvastatin in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical data of 101 patients with CHD, admitted to our hospital from February 2022 to May 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 49 patients received Simvastatin (Simvastatin group), and 52 patients received Simvastatin+Ezetimibe (Simvastatin+Ezetimibe group). Levels of blood lipid indicators, inflammatory factors, cardiac function indicators, and incidences of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) between the two groups were compared before and after the treatment. RESULTS After the treatment, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), cardiac index (CI), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in both groups were higher than those before the treatment, and overall higher in the Simvastatin+Ezetimibe group. Levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), cardiac output (CO) in the two groups were lower than before the treatment. These indexes were significantly lower in the Simvastatin+Ezetimibe group (p<0.05) compared to the Simvastatin group. During the treatment, the incidence of MACE in the Simvastatin+Ezetimibe group (3.85%) was significantly lower than that in the Simvastatin group (16.33%) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Compared with Simvastatin alone, a combination of Ezetimibe and Simvastatin can more effectively regulate the level of blood lipids, reduce the inflammatory reaction in the body, improve heart function, and lower the risk of MACE.
Influence of cumulative convergence on lithospheric thrust fault development and topography along the Australian‐Pacific plate boundary south of New Zealand

The development of faulting and topography resulting from initial convergence within oceanic lithosphere is largely unknown. We explore relationships among convergence, structural development, and topography along ∼1500 km of the submarine Australian‐Pacific plate boundary south of New Zealand, the Macquarie Ridge Complex (MRC). Due to the variable orientation of the boundary and close proximity of the Australian‐Pacific poles of rotation, individual segments of the plate boundary have experienced different convergence histories since ∼10.95 Ma (Chron 5o). Because interaction along the oceanic extent of the boundary involves oceanic lithosphere of broadly the same age and therefore thermal structure, structural and morphologic differences can be attributed primarily to variations in angles and rates of convergence with respect to the plate boundary orientation since 10.95 Ma. We relate plate boundary‐normal convergence determined from stage pole rotations to structural development, focusing on transitions from purely strike‐slip faulting to partitioned thrust and strike‐slip faulting between 47°S and 60°S since 10.95 Ma. Our results indicate that boundary‐normal convergence of ∼100 km marks the transition from strike‐slip dominated faulting to partitioned underthrusting and strike‐slip faulting (incipient subduction). Establishment of subduction at the Puysegur Trench and incipient subduction at the Hjort Trench corresponds to convergence at rates between ∼2 and 4 cm/yr, angles >30°, and with durations of at least 10 m.y. , resulting in >100 km of boundary‐normal convergence. Anomalous topographic volumes resulting from tectonic deformation are quantified from swath bathymetry and compared to convergence history. Results from analysis of the central MRC suggest that prior to lithospheric‐scale thrust faulting, ∼100 km of boundary‐normal convergence can be accommodated by crustal deformation (6 km relief from ridge crest to adjacent trough) and strike‐slip faulting. Our research supports induced/forced intraoceanic initiation of subduction.