Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinship, heritage, and ethnic choice: ethnolinguistic registration across four generations in contemporary Finland

We studied how individuals’ ethnolinguistic affiliation relates to the ethnolinguistic structure of kinship in contemporary Finland, a society in which Finnish-speaking and Swedish-speaking ethnolinguistic groups have coexisted for centuries and mixed marital unions are common. Using multigenerational data from the population register, we determined how the ethnolinguistic registration of children born in 1990–2015 relates to three generations of ancestors. We created a family tree that links children to their parents, four grandparents and eight great grandparents. Our intention was to both map the ethnolinguistic background of young people and predict a child’s affiliation based on their ancestry. The data revealed that ethnolinguistic affiliation is a more fluid and complex feature than expected when assessed only through child and parental characteristics. We found substantial diversity in ethnolinguistic background within the Swedish-speaking minority group, while most individuals in the Finnish-speaking majority group had a uniform background. We identified three types of bias in the ethnolinguistic affiliation of mixed-origin children: a matrilineal bias, a kinship majority bias and a Swedish ethnic minority bias. The analyses advanced our understanding of how the size of minority groups can shrink even when most couples in mixed unions favour minority group affiliation for their children.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Gymnocypris waddellii (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

Abstract This study provides a mitochondrial complete genome of Gymnocypris waddellii. The complete genome is 16,674 bp in length with an A + T content of 55.4%, which contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that G. waddellii is closely related to Oxygymnocypris stewartii. These results contribute to explore the molecular biology characteristic of G. waddellii on the conditions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Utility of mitochondrial COI gene for identification of wild ungulate species of conservational importance from Pakistan

Abstract Most of the ungulates of Pakistan are either threatened or endangered species and their solitary and inaccessible life style makes them difficult to study. Therefore, estimating biodiversity, monitoring illegal trades and detecting commercial food frauds involving these species is a challenge for zoologists and conservation biologists. Here, we have attempted to exploit the discriminating power of mitochondrial COI gene to identify and to generate barcodes of the wild ungulate species of conservational importance found in Pakistan. 86 specimens of 19 wild ungulate species found in Pakistan were analyzed for their COI sequences. This is the first generated molecular data for many of these endemic and nearly endemic species. Intra and interspecific distances revealed distinct barcode gap for each species and a Neighborhood-joining tree able to discriminate all species into their respective clades. In conclusion, mtCOI is a powerful discriminatory tool for the taxonomic classification of ungulates especially for species that are inaccessible and require noninvasive sampling.
Effects of Nutrient Recycling and Food-Chain Length on Resilience

Food-web resilience, or the rate at which a food web returns to steady state following a perturbation, was investigated using both a simple abstract food-chain model and a complex food-web model for an ecosystem in which nutrient limitation and recycling occur. The food-chain model demonstrated that both nutrient input, or loading, and food-chain length have important effects on resilience. For very small nutrient inputs, resilience (or the inverse of the return time to steady state TR) was in all cases an increasing function of nutrient-input rate. However, the resilience of food chains in which the autotroph was the highest level was lower and constant over a wider range of input levels than the case in which herbivores were also present. The presence of a carnivore level complicated the dependence of resilience on nutrient input, leading to cases in which increased input could actually decrease resilience. All of these behaviors are consistent with the generalization that the return time, TR, tends to be similar to the turnover time of nutrient in the system. The top-down effects in the food chain influence how the nutrient turnover time, and thus the return time, TR, respond to changes in nutrient input. To test the robustness of the results of the abstract model, similar investigations were made of a detailed aquatic food-web model, the Comprehensive Aquatic-Simulation Model (CASM). The results of the study of resilience of CASM were in relative agreement with the abstract model for systems in which autotrophs and herbivores, respectively, constituted the highest trophic levels. The situation was more complex when carnivores were added. The results of both models strongly suggest that resilience may not always increase as nutrient input is increased and that resilience may not always decrease as the number of levels in a food chain increases.
Competition among Fugitive Species in a Harlequin Environment

We examine the qualitative behavior of differential equations for the proportion of insular patches of each of two kinds of habitat occupied by each of two species with characteristics rates of migration between patches and of local extinction within a habitat. Certain migration and extinction rates result in stable coexistence, even of closely similar species; others lead to competitive exclusion, even when each species is competitively superior in one kind of habitat. For a community of many species in many habitats, we surmise qualitative limits to the subdivision of resources, and alternative stable communities. Our results extend to species that live in successional or ephemeral habitats. We therefore conjecture equilibrial theories for the number of patches of habitat occupied by insular species, fugitive plants and invertebrates, or infesting parasites.
ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ITS IMPACT ON FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM SRI LANKAN INSURANCE INDUSTRY

Enterprise risk management (ERM) has gained an increased attention among the corporate managers in the recent past as a strategic approach to managing risk. This study empirically verifies whether the adoption of ERM has an impact on firm performance and uses both primary and the secondary data relating to the insurance companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange. Return on equity (ROE) is used as a proxy to measure the firm performance and multivariate regression analysis is used to analyze data. The findings of this study suggest that there is a weak positive relationship between the adoption of ERM practice and the return on equity. Out of the eight ERM functions assessed, only ‘event identification’ and ‘control activities’ show a weak positive relationship with ROE. Other ERM functions indicate that there is a weak negative relationship with ROE. The findings of this study contradict with some scholars who find there is a significant positive relationship between adoption of ERM and firm performance. Owing to the contradictory nature of the findings, this study induces corporate managers to pay a close attention to the cost-benefits analysis when designing and implementing ERM system and not to heavily invest and extensively relied upon ERM as a vehicle for creating long-term shareholder value.
Improvement of Water Barrier Property of Rice Starch-chitosan Composite Film Incorporated with Lipids

This study investigated the effect of lipid types (oleic acid, palm oil, and margarine) and their concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50wt%) on the water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS), percentage of elongation at break (%E), and structure of emulsified rice starch-chitosan composite film. The influence of rice starch-chitosan composite film incorporated with lipids in controlling the moisture transfer in moisture-sensitive products was determined by wrapping a low aw-type cracker product in rice starch-chitosan composite film. TS and WVP of rice starch-chitosan composite film decreased with the addition of lipids, whereas %E increased in these films. Addition of lipids significantly raised film yellowness for composite films. The results showed that films added with oleic acid gave higher L*, b*, and chroma values but lower a* value than margarine and palm oil, respectively. The lower transparency of the films was noticed when a greater amount of lipid was incorporated (p < 0.05). Oleic acid-incorporated films provided the films with smoother surface and higher values of TS and %E but lower WVP than margarine and palm oil, respectively. Wrapping cracker samples in the rice starch-chitosan composite film incorporated with oleic acid could maintain the hardness and provide longer shelf life and lower moisture content than synthetic polyvinyl chloride film (PVC) and unwrapped (reference) crackers, respectively.
Structural and compositional shifts in Cerrado fragments in up to 11 years monitoring

The Cerrado has a wide diversity of fauna and flora, and the knowledge of its horizontal structure, in different time intervals allows the prediction of its structural and floristic characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in structure and composition of tree community in three fragments of Cerrado with low anthropization, in an interval of 11 years at Minas Gerais state. Rectangular plots of fixed size were sampled, measuring stem diameter and height of all living arboreal individuals with diameter at 1.30 meters above ground (DBH) ≥ 5 cm. The tree vegetation dynamics study of the areas was performed, as well as the floristic analysis and the diametric structure. Considering all fragments and years of measurement, the recruitment of trees surpassed its mortality. The basal area varied between 3.67 and 13.07 m2.ha. The studied areas, considering all fragments and years of measurement, showed a Shannon diversity index (H') from 3.43 to 3.87 nat.ind and Pielou equitability index (J') ranged an interval between 0.77 and 0.82. The similarity calculated by the Jaccard index (J), when performed per plot considering the three fragments, showed a value of 0.2653. Also, related to the development and growth of the study areas, it can be inferred that all fragments and their respective years of measurement had a J-inverse pattern. In conclusion, it can be inferred that the three fragments maintained a representative growth in number of individuals and basal area.
CHANGE IN THE PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT CONCRETE WHEN USING HYDROPHOBIZED MINERAL POWDER

One of the main factors is the structure of asphalt concrete. The most important structural component in asphalt concrete is mineral powder, the quality of which depends on the technical and operational characteristics of the road surface. Different methods of processing mineral materials are used to improve the performance of asphalt concrete in Russia and abroad. In most cases, mechanical activation with organic substances is used during the grinding process. The article presents the results of research on the effect of treatment of mineral powder with the preparation GF-1 on its characteristics and on changes in the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete, as well as on indicators for long-term water saturation. It is shown that as a result of modification, the mineral powder becomes hydrophobic, which has a positive effect on the physical and mechanical characteristics of asphalt concrete with its use. It is found that hydrophobization of mineral powder significantly reduces water saturation and swelling; increases water resistance during long-term water saturation (up to 90 days) of asphalt concrete samples. As a result of hydrophobization, the temperature sensitivity of asphalt concrete increases significantly. Therefore, the composite will work reliably in a wider temperature range.
PROPAGULE DISPERSAL DISTANCE AND THE SIZE AND SPACING OF MARINE RESERVES

This study compiled available information on the dispersal distance of the propagules of benthic marine organisms and used this information in the development of criteria for the design of marine reserves. Many benthic marine organisms release propagules that spend time in the water column before settlement. During this period, ocean currents transport or disperse the propagules. When considering the size of a marine reserve and the spacing between reserves, one must consider the distance which propagules disperse. We could find estimates of dispersal distance for 32 taxa; for 25 of these, we were also able to find data on the time the propagules spent dispersing. Dispersal distance ranged from meters to thousands of kilometers, and time in the plankton ranged from minutes to months. A significant positive correlation was found between the log-transformed duration in the plankton and the log-transformed dispersal distance ( r 5 0.7776, r 2 5 0.60, df 5 1, 25, P 5 0.000); the more time propagules spend in the water column the further they tend to be dispersed. The frequency distribution of the log-transformed dispersal distance is bimodal (kurtosis 52 1.29, t 52 4.062, P , 0.001) with a gap between 1 and 20 km. Propagules that dispersed ,1 km spent less time in the plankton (,100 h), or if they remained in the plankton for a longer period, they tended to remain in the waters near the bottom. Propagules that dispersed . 20 km spent more than 300 h in the plankton. The bimodal nature of the distribution suggests that evolutionary constraints may reduce the likelihood of evolving mid-range dispersal strategies (i.e., dispersal between 1 and 20 km) resulting in two evolutionarily stable dispersal strategies: dispersal , 1k m or. ;20 km. We suggest that reserves be designed large enough to contain the short-distance dispersing propagules and be spaced far enough apart that long-distance dispersing propagules released from one reserve can settle in adjacent reserves. A reserve 4-6 km in diameter should be large enough to contain the larvae of short-distance dispersers, and reserves spaced 10- 20 km apart should be close enough to capture propagules released from adjacent reserves.
Physiological Characterization of Common Fungi Associated with Cheese.

A multivariate statistical method (PLS) was used for a physiological characterization of fungi associated with the cheese environment. The combined effects of pH, salt content, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels on growth and sporulation were studied. Significant factors affecting growth were salt content, level of carbon dioxide and temperature. Interactions between those factors were illustrated and showed that some fungi were especially sensitive to carbon dioxide levels and salt content, at low temperature. Sensitivity to the factors often was more pronounced in the early growth phase. Results may aid in eliminating unwanted fungal growth during cheese production.
Sentiment Analysis of Tweets in Saudi Arabia Regarding Governmental Preventive Measures to Contain COVID-19

Background: Countries around the world are facing extraordinary challenges in implementing various measures to slow down the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Guided by international recommendations, Saudi Arabia has implemented a series of infection control measures after the detection of the first confirmed case in the country. However, in order for these measures to be effective, public attitudes and compliance must be conducive as perceived risk is strongly associated with health behaviors. The primary objective of this study is to assess Saudis’ attitudes towards COVID-19 preventive measures to guide future health communication content. Methods: Naïve Bayes machine learning model was used to run Arabic sentiment analysis of Twitter posts through the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) library in Python. Tweets containing hashtags pertaining to seven public health measures imposed by the government were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 53,127 tweets were analyzed. All measures, except one, showed more positive tweets than negative. Measures that pertain to religious practices showed the most positive sentiment. Discussion: Saudi Twitter users showed support and positive attitudes towards the infection control measures to combat COVID-19. It is postulated that this conducive public response is reflective of the overarching, longstanding popular confidence in the government. Religious notions may also play a positive role in preparing believers at times of crises. Findings of this study broadened our understanding to develop proper public health messages and promote stronger compliance with control measures to control COVID-19.
Bioequivalence study of two oral lincomycin formulations (lincopharm 800® and lincoyosr®) in broiler chickens

The present study was designed to assess the comparative bio-equivalence of Lincopharm 800 and Lincoyosr in healthy broiler chicken after oral administration of both products in a dose of 20 mg lincomycin base/kg b.wt. Twenty four broiler chickens were divided into two groups. The first group was designed to study the pharmacokinetics of Lincopharm 800, while the 2 group was designed to study the pharmacokinetics of Lincoyosr. Each broiler chicken in both groups was orally administered with 20 mg lincomycin base/kg b.wt. Blood samples were obtained from the wing vein and collected immediately before and at 0.08, 0.16, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after a single oral administration. The disposition kinetics of Lincopharm 800 and Lincoyosr following oral administration of 20 mg lincomycin base /kg b.wt, revealed that the maximum blood concentration of lincomycin [Cmax] were 4.81 and 4.62 μg/ml and attained at [tmax] of 1.36 and 1.35 hours, respectively. In conclusion: Lincoyosr is bioequivalent to Lincopharm 800 since the ratios of Cmax, AUC0-24 and AUC0-∞ (T/R) was 0.96, 0.92 and 0.91 respectively. These are within the bioequivalence acceptance range. Lincoyosr and Lincopharm 800 are therefore bioequivalent and interchangeable.
A meta‐analysis of the heritability of developmental stability

The existence of additive genetic variance in developmental stability has important implications for our understanding of morphological variation. The heritability of individual fluctuating asymmetry and other measures of developmental stability have frequently been estimated from parent‐offspring regressions, sib analyses, or from selection experiments. Here we review by meta‐analysis published estimates of the heritability of developmental stability, mainly the degree of individual fluctuating asymmetry in morphological characters. The overall mean effect size of heritabilities of individual fluctuating asymmetry was 0.19 from 34 studies of 17 species differing highly significantly from zero (P < 0.0001). The mean heritability for 14 species was 0.27. This indicates that there is a significant additive genetic component to developmental stability. Effect size was larger for selection experiments than for studies based on parent‐offspring regression or sib analyses, implying that genetic estimates were unbiased by maternal or common environment effects. Additive genetic coefficients of variation for individual fluctuating asymmetry were considerably higher than those for character size per se. Developmental stability may be significantly heritable either because of strong directional selection, or fluctuating selection regimes which prevent populations from achieving a high degree of developmental stability to current environmental and genetic conditions.
Client Concerns About Information Spillovers from Sharing Audit Partners

We hypothesize that companies in the same product market avoid sharing the same audit partner when they are concerned about possible information spillovers. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that product market rivals are less likely to share the same partner when they perceive that information spillovers are more costly. While concerns about information spillovers significantly reduce the likelihood of sharing the same audit partner, we find that they do not deter rival companies from sharing the same audit office. Lastly, when companies are unconcerned with information spillovers, we demonstrate that partner sharing can be beneficial resulting in lower audit fees and fewer accounting misstatements.
Influence de la cinétique d'évacuation gastrique de l'aliment sur l'absorption chez le veau préruminant

The abomasal emptying rate of fat, proteins, and sometimes lactose, increases when skim milk in milk substitutes is replaced by other protein sources. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of this acceleration on absorption and to indirectly verify previous results on abomasal emptying in calves fitted with a duodenal reentrant cannula. Two diets were used, a control and a fish diet. The control diet contained skim milk powder as the only protein source, while 74 p. 100 of the proteins of the fish diet were provided by partly hydrolyzed fish protein concentrate. Eight bull calves were studied ; 4 were first fed the control diet and 4 the fish diet. The diets were then switched after 1 or 2 days of blood sampling from the external jugular vein. The concentrations of plasma triglycerides and blood free a-amino nitrogen were lower before the morning meal with the fish diet than with the control diet ; these same concentrations were then higher 1.5 hrs later with the fish diet than with the control diet and remained so until 4.5 and 6.5 hrs, respectively (fig. 1). There was no significant difference in the levels of plasma non-esterified fatty acids. The concentrations of plasma glucose were the same with the two diets before and 0.5 hr after the meal, but then decreased quicker with the fish diet. In conclusion, the rate of fat and amino acid absorption increased when milk proteins in the milk substitute were replaced by hydrolyzed fish proteins. This confirmed previous studies on the kinetics of abomasal emptying in calves fitted with a duodenal reentrant cannula and eating diets similar to those in the present study. The quicker decrease of glycemia with the fish diet
Productive Traits of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Different Growth Promoters

This study evaluated the effect of different probiotics and prebiotics on the performance of broilers. One-day-old male broiler chicks from the Cobb strain (n=1,260) were randomly distributed in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, considering 3 probiotics and 3 prebiotics sources. Nine treatments with 4 repetitions and 35 birds per parcel were used. The results showed that there was no influence of treatment on feed intake at the different rearing phases. Better weight gain (p<0.05) was seen when diet was supplemented with the phosphorylated mannanoligosaccharide-based prebiotic (MOS) compared to diets without prebiotics. Feed conversion of birds fed diets with probiotics and prebiotics was better than feed conversion of birds not receiving such additives. Such better results were seen in the initial period (1 to 21 days), but not in the following period (1 to 35 days) or in the total period (1 to 42 days). Better rearing viability was seen when MOS was used together with organic acidifier when compared to the diets without prebiotic. Viability was worst when no prebiotics or probiotics were used. It was concluded that beneficial effects were seen in performance of birds at 21 days when the growth promoters were used, but not at 42 days of age. Nevertheless, there was better growth viability at 42 days of age when growth promoters were added.