Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peterandresenite, Mn4Nb6O19•14H2O, a new mineral containing the Lindqvist ion from a syenite pegmatite of the Larvik Plutonic Complex, southern Norway

Peterandresenite (IMA2012-084), ideally Mn4Nb6O19·14H2O, is the first naturally occurring hexaniobate. It was found at the AS Granit larvikite quarry in Tvedalen, Larvik, Vestfold, Norway, by private collector Peter Andresen, after whom the mineral is named. The mineral was found on fracture surfaces and in tiny vugs in the centre of a miaskitic pegmatite dike. It occurs as equidimensional, transparent to translucent orange crystals up to 1 mm with a pale orange streak and a vitreous to resinous lustre. The Mohs hardness is 2–2.5 and the mineral is brittle with uneven fracture and no cleavage. D (calc.) = 3.05 g/cm3 and D (meas.) = 3.10(1) g/cm3. Peterandresenite is biaxial (−) and the refractive indices (white light) are: α = 1.760(5), β = 1.795(5) and γ = 1.800(5); 2V (meas.) = 43(2)° and 2V (calc.) = 40.7°. The mineral exhibits strong dispersion (r > v) and is pleochroic with X (colourless) < Z (pale orange) ≪ Y(medium orange). The optical orientation is: X ≈ c,y ≈ a*,Z = b. The empirical formula based on electron microprobe analyses is (Mn3.92Ca0.05Na0.03)Σ4. 00(Nb5.71Mn.13Fe.12Si0.03)Σ5. 99O18.57·14H2O. The five strongest reflections in the X-ray diffraction pattern [ d obs. in A ( I ) ( hkl )] are: 9.8977 (82) (001), 7.7104 (42) (110), 7.4689 (39) (20–1), 7.1026 (63) (11–1) and 2.9260 (100) (42–2). The mineral is monoclinic, C 2/ m , with a = 15.329(1), b = 9.4121(5), c = 11.2832(9) A, β = 118.650(4)°, V = 1428.6(2) A3 and Z = 2. Peterandresenite has a novel structure consisting of six edge-sharing Nb-octahedra forming a super octahedron known as a Lindqvist ion. One Mn2+ octahedron interconnects three Lindqvist ions to form a two-dimensional layer perpendicular to the c -axis. A second Mn2+ octahedron bridging with the Lindqvist ion protrudes into the adjacent layer along the c -axis and creates a three-dimensional structure via hydrogen bonds.
Survey to inform trial of low‐titer group O whole‐blood compared to conventional blood components for children with severe traumatic bleeding

Low‐titer group O whole‐blood (LTOWB) is being used for children with life‐threatening traumatic bleeding. A survey was conducted to determine current LTOWB utilization and interest in participation in a randomized control trial (RCT) of LTOWB versus standard blood component transfusion in this population.
Incipient Fault Detection Based on Fault Extraction and Residual Evaluation

Process variables can be classified into three stages: normal operation, incipient fault, and significant fault stage. A two-step incipient fault detection strategy was proposed for monitoring the complex industrial process. The first step aims at the significant fault detection using the traditional multivariate statistical process monitoring methods. Then a method combining the wavelet analysis with the residual evaluation was carried out for monitoring the incipient fault. Wavelet analysis aims at extracting the incipient fault features from process noise. The residual generation is optimization based on the robustness and sensitivity index, which can be realized directly using the test data. An improved kernel density estimation based on signal to noise ratio is proposed to adaptively determine the detection threshold. The proposed incipient fault detection scheme is tested on a numerical example and the Tennessee Eastman process. Compared to other traditional fault detection methods, good monitoring .
Possibilities for Introducing a New Night Train Connection in Middle Europe

Abstract Liberalisation of the rail transport market is the main aim of the European Union in the field of transport policy. Open access on the market allows railway undertakings to provide their services, but it also requires to compete with each other. In recent years, night train services have experienced a renaissance, especially in west-Europe countries. A development of this type of services is important to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in EU, especially in context of affordable air transport. The aim of this study is to analyse current night train services in middle Europe and find opportunities for their further development. In this article we have proposed new night train connections between Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, and Germany, provided by railway undertaking in open access mode, with a detailed cost calculation. This is necessary to assess the economic efficiency of introducing new connections. Results of the cost calculations form the basis of the price for transport on newly introduced routes.
Dexmedetomidine may decrease the bupivacaine toxicity to heart

Abstract Objective The purpose of our study was to explore the effect of dexmedetomidine on cardiac tolerance to bupivacaine. Method Human coronary endothelial cells were used to establish in vitro model. They were randomly divided into control (Con) group, dexmedetomidine (Dex) group, bupivacaine (Bupi) group, dexmedetomidine + bupivacaine group (DB group), and dexmedetomidine + bupivacaine + PI3K inhibitor (DB-inhibitor) group. Cell activity was measured by Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Transwell was used to detect cell permeability. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of related factors. Results There were no notable differences in cell activity among the five groups (P > 0.05). Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the permeability of endothelial cells to bupivacaine and increased the protein expression of Zonulaoeeludens-1 (ZO-1) (P < 0.01). However, the aforementioned effects of dexmedetomidine were disappeared after the addition of PI3K inhibitors. Furthermore, Dex and DB markedly increased the protein expression of PI3K, p-Akt, and p-PTEN in comparison with Con group (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in p-PTEN among DB-inhibitor, Con, and Bupi groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Dex reduced Bupi-induced vasopermeability through protein expression of ZO-1 and PI3K/Akt pathway, which may lead to the decrease of Bupi-induced cardiotoxicity.
A ground-motion prediction model for small-to-moderate induced earthquakes for Central and Eastern United States

This study presents a new ground motion model (GMM) for small-to-moderate potentially induced earthquakes for Central and Eastern United States (CEUS). We used a hybrid empirical model as the base model, which was developed and calibrated for tectonic events in Central and Eastern North America (CENA) as part of the Next-generation Attenuation-East (NGA-East) project. We calibrated the base model using a comprehensive database of potentially induced ground motions with smaller magnitudes and shallower depths than tectonic earthquakes, excluding all earthquake events and stations within the Gulf Coast region. We determined the model functional form coefficients using a mixed-effect regression procedure. The proposed GMM is derived for the peak ground acceleration and response-spectral ordinates at periods ranging from 0.01 to 10.0s, moment magnitudes ranging from 3.0 to 5.8, and hypocentral distances up to 200km. The performance of the proposed GMM is evaluated through a set of comprehensive residual analyses. Furthermore, we compared the proposed GMM with recently published GMMs with the observed data for CEUS. The proposed GMM could apply in long-term and short-term US Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Maps and for the hazard evaluation of induced seismicity.
Genetic, bioacoustic and morphological analyses reveal cryptic speciation in the warbling vireo complex (Vireo gilvus: Vireonidae: Passeriformes)

Cryptic species are closely related taxa that are difficult to separate morphologically, but are reproductively isolated. Here we examine the warbling vireo complex (Vireo gilvus), a widespread songbird speculated to be comprised of more than one cryptic species. We included three taxa within the complex: two of the western (Vireo gilvus swainsonii and V. g. brewsteri) subspecies and the single eastern (V. g. gilvus) subspecies. We used mtDNA and microsatellite loci to assess the congruence of genetic data to the current subspecies boundaries. We then incorporated bioacoustic, morphometric, and ecological niche modeling analyses to further examine differences. We found two genetic groups with mtDNA analysis. Microsatellite analyses revealed four genetic groups: an eastern group, a Black Hills group and two western groups that do not agree with current western subspecies boundaries based on phenotypic data. Our results suggest that eastern and western warbling vireos have been reproductively isolated for a long period of time and therefore, may be best treated as separate species; however, more research into areas of contact to examine the presence of hybridization is advised before making a taxonomic revision. Differences between the two western genetic groups appear less clear, requiring additional research.
Single-cell multi-omic analysis of thymocyte development reveals drivers of CD4/CD8 lineage commitment

The development of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the thymus is critical to adaptive immunity and is widely studied as a model of lineage commitment. Recognition of self-MHCI/II by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) determines the lineage choice, but how distinct TCR signals drive transcriptional programs of lineage commitment remains largely unknown. We applied CITE-seq to measure RNA and surface proteins in thymocytes from wild-type and lineage-restricted mice to generate a comprehensive timeline of cell state for each lineage. These analyses revealed a sequential process whereby all thymocytes initiate CD4 lineage differentiation during an initial wave of TCR signaling, followed by a second TCR signaling wave that coincides with CD8 lineage specification. CITE-seq and pharmaceutical inhibition experiments implicate a TCR/calcineurin/NFAT/GATA3 axis in driving the CD4 fate. Overall, our data suggest that multiple redundant mechanisms contribute to the accuracy and efficiency of the lineage choice.
GH18 family glycoside hydrolase Chitinase A of Salmonella facilitates bacterial invasion and survival by modulating host immune responses

Salmonella is a facultative intracellular pathogen that has co-evolved with its host and has also developed various strategies to evade the host immune responses. Salmonella recruits an array of virulence factors to escape from host defense mechanisms. Previously chitinase A (chiA) was found to be upregulated in intracellular Salmonella. Although studies show that chitinases and chitin binding proteins (CBP) of many human pathogens have a profound role in various aspects of pathogenesis, like adhesion, virulence and immune evasion, the role of chitinase in strict intravacuolar pathogen Salmonella has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we deciphered the role of chitinase of Salmonella in the pathogenesis of the serovars, Typhimurium and Typhi. Our data propose that ChiA mediated modification of the glycosylation on the epithelial cell surface facilitates the invasion of the pathogen into the epithelial cells. Further we found that ChiA aids in reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in phagocytes, leading to MHCII downregulation followed by suppression of antigen presentation and antibacterial responses. In continuation of the study in animal model C. elegans, Salmonella Typhi ChiA was found to facilitate attachment to the intestinal epithelium, gut colonization and persistence by downregulating antimicrobial peptides.
Predictions of biodiversity are improved by integrating trait-based competition with abiotic filtering

All organisms must simultaneously tolerate the environment and access limiting resources if they are to persist. Otherwise they go extinct. Approaches to understanding environmental tolerance and resource competition have generally been developed independently. Consequently, integrating the factors that determine abiotic tolerance with those that affect competitive interactions to model species abundances and community structure remains an unresolved challenge. This is likely the reason why current models of community assembly do not accurately predict species abundances and dynamics. Here, we introduce a new synthetic framework that models both abiotic tolerance and biotic competition by using functional traits, which are phenotypic attributes that influence organism fitness. First, our framework estimates species carrying capacities that vary along abiotic gradients based on whether the phenotype tolerates the local environment. Second, it estimates pairwise competitive interactions as a function of multidimensional trait differences between species and determines which trait combinations produce the most competitive phenotypes. We demonstrate that our combined approach more than doubles the explained variance of species covers in a wetland community compared to the model of abiotic tolerances alone. Trait-based integration of competitive interactions and abiotic filtering improves our ability to predict species abundances across space, bringing us closer to more accurate predictions of biodiversity structure in a changing world.
Biopolymer and Biomaterial Conjugated Iron Oxide Nanomaterials as Prostate Cancer Theranostic Agents: A Comprehensive Review

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men and the leading cause of death for men all over the world. Early diagnosis is the key to start treatment at an early stage of PCa and to reduce the death toll. Generally, PCa expresses characteristic morphologic features and serum biomarkers; however, early diagnosis is challenging due to its heterogeneity and long-term indolent phase in the early stage. Following positive diagnosis, PCa patients receive conventional treatments including surgery, radiation therapy, androgen deprivation therapy, focal therapy, and chemotherapy to enhance survival time and alleviate PCa-related complications. However, these treatment strategies have both short and long-term side effects, notably impotence, urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunctions, and recurrence of cancer. These limitations warrant the quest for novel PCa theranostic agents with robust diagnostic and therapeutic potentials to lessen the burden of PCa-related suffering. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have recently drawn attention for their symmetrical usage in the diagnosis and treatment of several cancer types. Here, we performed a systematic search in four popular online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science) for the articles regarding PCa and IONPs. Published literature confirmed that the surface modification of IONPs with biopolymers and diagnostic biomarkers improved the early diagnosis of PCa, even in the metastatic stage with reliable accuracy and sensitivity. Furthermore, fine-tuning of IONPs with biopolymers, nucleic acids, anticancer drugs, and bioactive compounds can improve the therapeutic efficacy of these anticancer agents against PCa. This review covers the symmetrical use of IONPs in the diagnosis and treatment of PCa, investigates their biocompatibility, and examines their potential as PCa theranostic agents.
Lane-Change Intention Inference Based on RNN for Autonomous Driving on Highways

Recently, inferring lane change intention has received considerable attention. Due to the high nonlinearity and complexity of traffic contexts, traditional methods cannot satisfy the requirements of long-term prediction tasks and lack the ability of capturing nonlinear temporal dependencies. This paper proposes an intention inference model based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), to tackle time series prediction problems. Considering dynamic interaction among surrounding vehicles, our model takes the sequence motion information of surrounding vehicles as inputs and calculates the congestion of different lanes, integrated with vehicle states of the object vehicle. To illustrate the availability of the proposed RNN intention inference model, a motion planning controller considering intention was developed. A Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) was established to planning a safe, sub-optimal path for autonomous driving vehicle under collision avoidance constraints. The experiments on the proposed model were conducted, based on two RNN structure Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Generalized Recurrent Unit (GRU), by Tensorflow with NGSIM data. The motion planning controller is modeled and simulated by Carsim with Simulink for some typical scenarios. Subsequently, experimental results demonstrate that RNN achieves best performance, inferring intention with 96% accuracy, compared with other approaches.
Explicit Solutions of Initial Value Problems for Fractional Generalized Proportional Differential Equations with and without Impulses

The object of investigation in this paper is a scalar linear fractional differential equation with generalized proportional derivative of Riemann–Liouville type (LFDEGD). The main goal is the obtaining an explicit solution of the initial value problem of the studied equation. Note that the locally solvability, being the same as the existence of solutions to the initial value problem, is connected with the symmetry of a transformation of a system of differential equations. At the same time, several criteria for existence of the initial value problem for nonlinear fractional differential equations with generalized proportional derivative are connected with the linear ones. It leads to the necessity of obtaining an explicit solution of LFDEGD. In this paper two cases are studied: the case of no impulses in the differential equation are presented and the case when instantaneous impulses at initially given points are involved. All obtained formulas are based on the application of Mittag–Leffler function with two parameters. In the case of impulses, initially the appropriate impulsive conditions are set up and later the explicit solutions are obtained.
Non-Trivial Solutions of Non-Autonomous Nabla Fractional Difference Boundary Value Problems

In this article, we present a two-point boundary value problem with separated boundary conditions for a finite nabla fractional difference equation. First, we construct an associated Green’s function as a series of functions with the help of spectral theory, and obtain some of its properties. Under suitable conditions on the nonlinear part of the nabla fractional difference equation, we deduce two existence results of the considered nonlinear problem by means of two Leray–Schauder fixed point theorems. We provide a couple of examples to illustrate the applicability of the established results.
An Inventory Ordering Model for Deteriorating Items with Compounding and Backordering

We consider the optimal order quantity problem for exponentially deteriorating items where the opportunity cost is based on compound interest and backorders are allowed. Our objectives in this research are to develop a model that accurately models deterioration, compound interest and backordering, and determine a near-optimal and intuitive closed-form solution for the proposed model. Deteriorating items include various chemicals, gasoline and petroleum products, fresh produce, bulk and liquid food products, batteries, and some electronic components. These items incur losses over time due to spoilage, evaporation, chemical decomposition, breakdown, or deterioration in general. Exponential deterioration is commonly used to model this phenomenon, which results in a negative exponential inventory level function, which is asymmetric in the sense that the rate of depletion is highest at the beginning of an ordering cycle, and lowest at the end. On the other hand, the rate of deterioration for individual items is the same at both ends of the cycle, which means it is symmetric. Compounding also leads to exponential terms in the opportunity cost function. Both of these factors result in a total cost function that does not have a closed-form optimal solution. We therefore approximate the total cost function using a Taylor series expansion approximation of the exponential function and derive a closed-form solution that is simple and logical, and very close to the exact optimum, which makes it attractive to the practitioners as a quick and accurate calculation. Our closed form solutions for both the basic and the planned backorders models are very close to the exact optimum, as shown by extensive numerical experiments.
Impact of Ultrashort Laser Nanostructuring on Friction Properties of AISI 314 LVC

Laser irradiation yields a powerful tool to modify the symmetry and asymmetry features of materials surfaces. In this paper, femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures were applied on stainless steel AISI 314, specially hardened by a low-vacuum carburizing procedure. Symmetry modifications in the surface’s morphology and chemistry before and after the laser treatment were investigated by SEM and EDS, respectively. Coefficient of friction (COF) was observed in dry sliding condition by using block-on-ring sliding test. The results show that COF values are substantially lower after laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) surface treatment.
Asymmetries of Cerebellar Lobe in the Genus Homo

The endocast was paid great attention in the study of human brain evolution. However, compared to that of the cerebrum, the cerebellar lobe is poorly studied regarding its morphology, function, and evolutionary changes in the process of human evolution. In this study, we define the major axis and four measurements to inspect possible asymmetric patterns within the genus Homo. Results show that significant asymmetry is only observed for the cerebellar length in modern humans and is absent in Homo erectus and Neanderthals. The influence of occipital petalia is obscure due to the small sample size for H. erectus and Neanderthals, while it has a significant influence over the asymmetries of cerebellar height and horizontal orientation in modern humans. Although the length and height of the Neanderthal cerebellum are comparable to that of modern humans, its sagittal orientation is closer to that of H. erectus, which is wider than that of modern humans. The cerebellar morphological difference between Neanderthals and modern humans is suggested to be related to high cognitive activities, such as social factors and language ability.
A Fokker-Planck Approach to the Reconstruction of a Cell Membrane Potential

A new method to reconstruct the structure of a cell membrane potential based on observation of the stochastic motion of particles on the membrane is presented. This inverse problem is formulated as an optimization problem governed by a mean-field Fokker--Planck equation, which allows a nonparametric reconstruction. The functional to be minimized includes a least-squares error term of the computed and observed particles' densities and a Tikhonov regularization term. The resulting optimization problem is solved on a sequence of time windows to determine the potential together with an estimate of uncertainty of its reconstruction. Results of numerical experiments are presented that successfully validate the proposed reconstruction procedure and demonstrate its applicability in a superresolution microscopy framework.