Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a Unified and Efficient Command Selection Mechanism for Touch-Based Devices Using Soft Keyboard Hotkeys

We advocate for the usage of hotkeys on touch-based devices by capitalising on soft keyboards through four studies. First, we evaluated visual designs and recommended icons with command names for novices while letters with command names for experts. Second, we investigated the discoverability by asking crowdworkers to use our prototype, with some tasks only doable upon successfully discovering the technique. Discovery rates were high regardless of conditions that vary the familiarity and saliency of modifier keys. However, familiarity with desktop hotkeys boosted discoverability. Our third study focused on how prior knowledge of hotkeys could be leveraged and resulted in a 5% selection time improvement and identified the role of spatial memory in retention. Finally, we compared our soft keyboard layout with a grid layout similar to FastTap. The latter offered a 12–16% gain on selection speed, but at a high cost in terms of screen estate and low spatial stability.
Online construction of romantic relationships on social media

This study draws on Knapp’s offline relationship development model to examine how people construct romantic relationships on social media, with particular attention to the role of affordances in this process. Based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 30 relational partners, we show that Knapp’s five traditional stages of relationship construction merge online into three because of social media affordances, including searchability, visibility, anonymity, persistence, storage, and editability. These affordances allow users to search and obtain information about potential partners quickly, conveniently, and anonymously before, during, and after the first interaction. They also enable users to initiate or avoid romantic interactions relatively easily, present shared memories, build a sense of togetherness, and edit or erase online content about previous partners. The findings suggest that most participants perceived Facebook, more than Instagram, as a platform of choice for relationship construction. Addressing the interplay between social media affordances, online relational practices, and offline relationship dynamics, the study shows that offline and online spaces are highly interrelated in terms of interinfluence. Therefore, we argue that the merger of stages is not merely a technical rearrangement but an indication of the fundamental role that online practices play in people’s offline realities, including romantic relationships.
Comparison of Metaraminol, Phenylephrine, and Norepinephrine Infusion for Prevention of Hypotension During Combined Spinal-Epidural Anaesthesia for Elective Caesarean Section: A Three-Arm, Randomized, Double-Blind, Non-Inferiority Trial

Background A direct comparison of phenylephrine, metaraminol, and norepinephrine in preventing hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section has never been made. Patients and Methods Seventy-five parturients scheduled for elective caesarean section were randomly assigned into the three groups. After spinal anaesthesia induction, patients received a bonus dose of vasopressor (norepinephrine 4ug, phenylephrine 50ug, or metaraminol 250ug) combined with continuous infusion (norepinephrine 8ug/mL, phenylephrine 100ug/mL, or metaraminol 500ug/mL) at a rate of 30 mL/h to prevent hypotension. The primary outcome was umbilical arterial (UA) pH and other intraoperative data were also recorded. Results The UA pH was 7.32±0.03 for metaraminol, 7.31±0.03 for phenylephrine, and 7.31±0.03 for norepinephrine. The 95% CI of MD was –0.011 to 0.026 comparing metaraminol with norepinephrine and 0.0181 to 0.0182 comparing phenylephrine with norepinephrine. Both lower bounds of the 95% CI of MD were above the predetermined lower boundary of clinical non-inferiority of −0.03, indicating both metaraminol and phenylephrine were non-inferior to norepinephrine. Moreover, the incidence of hypotension was lower in metaraminol compared with norepinephrine (P = 0.01). However, the incidence of hypertension was significantly lower in both phenylephrine and metaraminol compared with norepinephrine. Conclusion Both metaraminol and phenylephrine were non-inferior to norepinephrine with respect to neonatal UA pH when used as a bolus and continuous infusion to prevent hypotension during combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia for elective caesarean section.
A lexical semantic approach to the L2 acquisition of Spanish psych verbs

This study builds on prior research on second language (L2) Spanish psych verbs, which has centered on morphosyntactic properties, by examining their syntactic distribution, which relies on lexical semantic knowledge. The fact that certain forms are licensed for some verbs, but not others, is the result of an underlying lexical semantic difference across verb classes, represented here as a difference in formal feature strength. To fully acquire the relevant grammatical distribution, L2 learners must successfully acquire (i) licensing restrictions on argument structure and (ii) underlying lexical semantic representations of individual verbs. Three groups of L2 learners (n = 66) and a group of native Spanish speakers (n = 19) completed two judgment tasks (one with aural stimuli and one with written stimuli) which presented object experiencer psych verbs in multiple argument structures. Results show that advanced L2 learners are largely sensitive to the distribution tested here; however, while they have acquired relevant licensing restrictions, they may associate fixed feature settings with verbs that allow variable feature settings. These results are consistent with predictions made by the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis and highlight the role of lexical semantic features in second language acquisition.
A Multivariate Index for Ranking and Classifying Severe Weather Outbreaks

In previous work, severe weather outbreaks have been classified either as major tornado outbreaks or as primarily nontornadic outbreaks, but the large majority of such events are of a mixed character. This study proposes a reproducible method for ranking all types of severe weather outbreaks from the period 19602006. Numerous nonmeteorological artifacts exist in the severe weather reports archived during this period, and many of the variables used to formulate the multivariate indices had to be detrended to reduce the effect of secular trends. The resulting outbreak rankings indicate that the methodology presented herein is able to distinguish the most significant severe weather outbreaks from intermediate outbreak days and days with a large amount of geographic scatter in the severe reports. The rankings of the most severe outbreaks and those outbreak days with a large degree of spatial scatter exhibit only limited variability when the selection of parameters and their weights are modified, but a relatively high degree of volatility is noted with the intermediate cases. This result suggests there is relatively little difference in the severity of these intermediate events. However, the particular modes of severe weather in these events can be quite different. A k-means cluster analysis of the outbreak days, using a four-dimensional representation of the multivariate indices, indicates that outbreak days can be separated into five groups: major tornado, winddominated, hail-dominated, multi-modal, and days with considerable spatial scatter of the severe reports. ––––––––––––––––––––––––
Bovine Mastitis: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Bacterial Pathogens Isolated in Lactating Cows in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Purpose Mastitis is a disease known to cause a great deal of loss of production and has a major economic impact. In the study area, there is little current information on bovine mastitis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the overall prevalence of bovine mastitis and its associated risk factors and isolate the major pathogenic bacteria. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2020 to September 2020 in selected dairy farms of Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia. A total of 422 lactating cows were diagnosed for mastitis using the California mastitis test, clinical examination, and bacteriological methods. Results The overall prevalence of bovine mastitis determined in the area was 17.1% (72 of 422), of which 1.9% (eight of 422) was clinical and 15.2% (64 of 422) subclinical. Of 1,662 quarters examined, 7.94% (132) were positive. Bacteriological methods were also used to isolate the major pathogenic bacterial species associated with bovine mastitis. From 72 composite milk samples, growth of six different groups of bacteria was recorded in 64 (88.9%) samples. The most predominant bacterial pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (42.6%), ahead of Streptococcus spp. (26.2%), non-aureus staphylococci (14.8%), and Escherichia coli (11.5%). Salmonella spp. (3.3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.6%) were the least isolated bacterial pathogens. Among risk factors, breed, parity, udder depth, and tick infestation of the udder showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05) regarding the occurrence of mastitis. Conclusion The current study revealed that mastitis is one of the health problems affecting dairy cows in Gamo. Enhancing the awareness of dairy farmers, regular screening, and improving hygienic conditions are critically important to control and prevent bovine mastitis in the study area.
Levels of L-carnitine in human seminal plasma are associated with sperm fatty acid composition

The fatty acid composition of spermatozoa has been shown to be important for their function, and L-carnitine is crucial for fatty acid metabolism. Its levels in the seminal plasma positively correlate with semen quality, whereas high body mass index (BMI) is associated with both reduced semen quality and altered sperm fatty acid composition. Here, we examined the associations between free seminal L-carnitine levels and sperm fatty acid composition as well as BMI. Semen samples were collected and analyzed from 128 men with unknown fertility status and with BMI ranging from 19 kg m−2 to 63 kg m−2. Sperm fatty acid composition was assessed by gas chromatography, while free seminal L-carnitine analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation of free seminal L-carnitine levels with the amount of sperm palmitic acid (β = 0.21; P = 0.014), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; β = 0.23; P = 0.007), and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (β = 0.23; P = 0.008) and a negative correlation of free seminal L-carnitine levels with lignoceric acid (β = −0.29; P = 0.001) and total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (β = −0.24; P = 0.012) when adjusted for covariates. There was no relationship between free seminal L-carnitine levels and BMI. Since free seminal L-carnitine levels are associated with semen quality, the absence of a correlation with BMI suggests that reduced semen quality in obese men is independent of seminal L-carnitine.
Prevalence of Pneumocystosis in Sub-Saharan Africa and Helminth Immune Modulation

Sub-Saharan Africa is the region of the world with the highest prevalence of helminth infections. To protect themselves from the defensive mechanisms of their respective hosts, helminths modulate their immune responses. This modulation has relevant clinical and epidemiological consequences, including the inhibition of inflammatory processes that characterize infection by other microorganisms. Severe Pneumocystis pneumonia is characterized by an intense inflammatory reaction that can lead to death. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is the main predisposing factor to the development of pneumocystosis. Although the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy has led to a notable decline in the incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated complications, pneumocystosis continues to be an important global health problem. Despite the high incidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in the sub-Saharan region, the prevalence of Pneumocystis pneumonia there has been lower than expected. Several factors, or combinations thereof, may contribute to this evolution. Here, we hypothesize the possible role of helminth immune modulation as an important issue at play. On the other hand, and looking ahead, we believe that the immune modulation achieved by helminths may be an important factor to consider during the design and evaluation processes of vaccines against Pneumocystis jirovecii to be used in Sub-Saharan Africa. The requirements of a balanced triggering of different types of immune responses for controlling the infection produced by this microorganism, as observed during experiments in animal models, support this final consideration.
Ent‐hardwickiic acid from C. pubiflora and its microbial metabolites are more potent than fluconazole in vitro against Candida glabrata

The incidence of Candida glabrata infections has rapidly grown and this species is among those responsible for causing invasive candidiasis with a high mortality rate. The diterpene ent‐hardwickiic acid is a major constituent in Copaifera pubiflora oleoresin and the ethnopharmacological uses of this oleoresin by people from Brazilian Amazonian region point to a potential use of this major constituent as an antimicrobial. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of ent‐hardwickiic acid against Candida species and to produce derivatives of this diterpene by using microbial models for simulating the mammalian metabolism. The microbial transformations of ent‐hardwickiic acid were carried out by Aspergillus brasiliensis and Cunninghamella elegans and hydroxylated metabolites were isolated and their chemical structures were determined. The antifungal activity of ent‐hardwickiic acid and its metabolites was assessed by using the microdilution broth method in 96‐well microplates and compared with that of fluconazole. All the diterpenes showed fungistatic effects (ranging from 19·7 to 75·2 µmol l−1) against C. glabrata at lower concentrations than fluconazole (163·2 µmol l−1) and were more potent fungicides (ranging from 39·5 to 150·4 µmol l−1) than fluconazole, which showed fungicidal effect at the concentration of 326·5 µmol l−1.
TOWARDS GREATER INTEGRATION OF ICT INTO THE TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS: A CASE STUDY OF THE SAUDI TATWEER PORTAL

Educational portals are increasingly being used in many educational systems in order to facilitate ICT integration into the teaching and learning process. In this study, the implementation of the Tatweer Portal in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia at the trial stage was explored in four schools in the capital, Riyadh, as a case study. Several interviews were conducted with teachers, students and senior managers. Further questionnaires were distributed to both students and teachers. The main findings of this study are that there is great acceptance of the Portal among teachers and students. The main uses of the Portal were for communication and information. The study also emphasized that the school system plays a dominant role in the successful implementation of portals under five main categories of factors, which include financial infrastructure, pedagogic factors, motivation, teachers’ professional development, and parental involvement. Both students and teachers very strongly suggested the appointment of a qualified full-time manager for the Portal in each school. Personal characteristics imposed slight differences amongst teachers as well as students in the way they perceived the Portal; however, these differences did not influence the outcome of this study. Finally, this study introduced two main implications for policy makers in the KSA. The first implication involves extensive revision of the policies of the Portal Project to meet the objectives of the new Saudi education strategy. The second implication is the extension of the trial period of Portal use to allow teachers and students to explore the advantages of the Portal Project.
SSOPS based Solution to Improve QoS in VANET

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is an emerging network technology derived from ad-hoc networks. This paper provides the state-of-the-art of VANETs and provides optimum proposal by improving Quality of Service (QoS.) Today, wireless systems are preferred over wired systems and these are gaining popularity as it provides wireless connectivity to the users irrespective of their geographic position, VANET is one of them. VANETs are installed to minimize the risk of road accidents and to improve passenger comfort by permitting the vehicles to exchange various types of data. In this paper, the Signal Strength based Optimum Path Selection (SSOPS) based solution on how to mitigate the QoS issues that exists while using the existing methods are discussed. Moreover, the solution has been tested using NS2 software using various parameters.
The top 50 most cited articles in carpal tunnel syndrome research

Abstract Background: Citation analysis was applied to identify the influential studies in the specific field. More and more literature related to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) have been published in recent years. To our knowledge, no one has performed a citation analysis of CTS. Thus, our study identified the top 50 influential articles pertaining to CTS and conduct an analysis of their characteristics. Methods: The Web of Science database was used to identify all the articles from 1900 to 2020. We obtained the top 50 articles ranked by citation times, and articles were included and excluded based on the relevance to CTS. Also, we collected the information about journal name, level of evidence, source country and institution, and research type for further analysis. Results: The top 50 articles were published between 1959 and 2012. The number of citations ranged from 151 to 1083. The citation density was between 3.23 and 40.27 per year. Muscle Nerve published most articles in CTS research, followed by Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume. The USA was the leading country, and all the top 5 institutions were from the USA. Katz JN with the highest h-index published most articles. Level III was the most common evidence level. Conclusions: We identified the top 50 cited articles related to CTS. These influential articles might provide researchers with a comprehensive list of the major contribution related to CTS research.
Pengaruh Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Manajerial (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Kota Padang)

This research aimed to investigate (1) the influence of performance measurement system on managerial performance in manufacturing companies, (2) the influence of compensation on managerial performance in manufacturing companies. The population of the study was manufacturing companies Padang. The sample was manufacturing companies which employed balance scorecard as the performance measuremen system. Type of data used are primary data. The dat a was collect ed by using questionnaire . Analysis employed the m ultiple linier regression using model test, t test and F test. R esults of th e study showed the performance measurement system has a positive significant effect on managerial performance, on the other hand the compensation is not significantly positive effect on managerial performance. Keywords: Performance Measurement System, Compensation, and Managerial Performance
A Fast and Selective Approach for Profiling Vicinal Diols Using Liquid Chromatography-Post Column Derivatization-Double Precursor Ion Scanning Mass Spectrometry

Vicinal diols are important signaling metabolites of various inflammatory diseases, and some of them are potential biomarkers for some diseases. Utilizing the rapid reaction between diol and 6-bromo-3-pyridinylboronic acid (BPBA), a selective and sensitive approach was established to profile these vicinal diols using liquid chromatography-post column derivatization coupled with double precursor ion scan-mass spectrometry (LC-PCD-DPIS-MS). After derivatization, all BPBA-vicinal-diol esters gave a pair of characteristic isotope ions resulting from 79Br and 81Br. The unique isotope pattern generated two characteristic fragment ions of m/z 200 and 202. Compared to a traditional offline derivatization technique, the new LC-PCD-DPIS-MS method retained the capacity of LC separation. In addition, it is more sensitive and selective than a full scan MS method. As an application, an in vitro study of the metabolism of epoxy fatty acids by human soluble epoxide hydrolase was tested. These vicinal-diol metabolites of individual regioisomers from different types of polyunsaturated fatty acids were easily identified. The limit of detection (LOD) reached as low as 25 nM. The newly developed LC-PCD-DPIS-MS method shows significant advantages in improving the selectivity and therefore can be employed as a powerful tool for profiling vicinal-diol compounds from biological matrices.
PRODUCT INNOVATION ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND BRAND LOYALTY OF SMARTPHONE USERS

This study investigates the effect of product innovation attributes (Relative advantage, Complexity, Compatibility, Trialability, and observability) on customer satisfaction and loyalty with experience as a moderator between customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. This study uses quantitative methods, using the help of SPSS 23, and uses a path analysis approach to determine the relationship between variables. Based on a sample of 100 people living in the Labuhan Batu Regency area, it was found that Relative advantage, Complexity, Compatibility, Trialability, and Observability had a positive effect on customer satisfaction. These results also found that the product innovation attribute was a major predictor of customer satisfaction. The results of the study reveal that loyal customers use smartphone services in accordance with and consistent with the given perceptions. In addition, the research results illustrate that customer satisfaction has a significant effect on brand loyalty. Furthermore, this study also found that experience significantly moderates customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. As a practical implication in good market competition, companies need to understand the needs of customers and provide added value to customers by providing innovative products. Innovation in a product can increase customer satisfaction and make customers commit to a brand. managers need to understand customer needs by creating value accordingly. This study is the first to investigate the relationship between product innovation attributes, customer satisfaction and experience as a moderator. Future research is expected to analyze the role of experience as an independent variable in influencing customer satisfaction and brand loyalty.