Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of the aroma components of clonal grapes and wines from Aragonez and Trincadeira Vitis vinifera L. cultivars

The large variability and diversity of red wines produced in Portugal with Portuguese Vitis vinifera L. cultivars fully justify their chemical and aroma characterisation. The objectives of this characterisation are to preserve the quality and tipicity of the wines from different regions and to contribute to the deeper knowledge of grape varieties in the world. Furthermore, the characterisation of the aroma of clonal wines is of undeniable interest to the winemaking industry, due to its productive, financial and qualitative aspects. Among hundreds of volatile compounds of distinct classes and a wide range of concentrations present in red wines, only a part contribute effectively to the aroma, enhancing the intensity and complexity of the wine flavour. Knowing the identity and the concentration of such compounds in wines is crucial for a better understanding of their role in defining wine aroma. This approach should be complemented with descriptive sensory analysis in order to give an overview of the aroma of wines and appreciation of the general quality of wines. The Portuguese Clonal Selection Program was created in 1978 with the objectives of getting to know and select our best varieties of grapes and to increase the quality of wines produced in Portugal. Nowadays it has several certified clones commonly used by grape-growers. Aragonez and Trincadeira are among the eight more planted red grape varieties in Portugal and respectively seven and six clones of both cultivars have already been certified. The knowledge of the relationships between the individual role of each odourant compound and the global role of the overall aroma compounds are specific targets that we need to know in order to be able to choose the best clones to produce the best wines. The aim of this study was to contribute for the characterisation of the aroma of distinct clonal red wines, musts and grapes, from Vitis vinifera L. cultivars Aragonez and Trincadeira. The development and application of a gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) posterior intensity method allowed, for the first time, the establishment of the odourant profiles of each cultivar and, simultaneously, the differentiation of the clonal wines among Aragonez and Trincadeira varieties and clonal musts from Aragonez. Several odourant compounds were detected, having the highest average intensities in all clonal wines: 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-phenylethanol, Furaneol, and 4-vinylguaiacol. The quantification by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) of some of the odourant compounds found in the clonal wines as well as those found in musts and grapes showed several statistical differences among clones.
Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a putative sex‐peptide receptor in the tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The sex‐peptide receptor (SPR) acts in Drosophila females to detect male sex‐peptide (SP) and trigger changes in female behaviour. Further study on SPR and its ligand family from different taxa will not only provide insight into ligand–receptor coevolution but also facilitate finding new approaches for pest control. Our previous studies on the tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) showed that mating usually results in marked changes in female behaviour and determined that factors from male accessory gland (MAG) secretions play a key role in such switches in females after mating. In the present study, we report the cloning of a transcript encoding a G‐protein‐coupled receptor from S. litura. This 3 kb transcript contains an ORF encoding a protein of 421 amino acids that shared significant amino acid identity to the SPR identified in Drosophila. Real‐time PCR showed that the expression levels of the receptor in adults correlate well with the process of sexual maturation and mating rates; mating resulted in distinct sexual dimorphic differences in gene expression. Our results suggest that this gene is involved in mediating reproductive behaviour in adult moths. To test the hypothesis, we further studied the possible function of this receptor (SplSPR) on mediating female post‐mating behaviour by using RNA interference (RNAi) and treatment with MAG secretions. RNAi reduced the expression levels of SplSPR by 65–88% and significantly prevented the effect of MAG secretions. Injection of MAG secretions causes normal virgin females to behave as though they had mated (they are sexually unreceptive and start to lay eggs), whereas SPR RNAi females fail to respond to MAG factors and continue to show virgin behaviours (lay very few eggs and copulate readily). These results support the hypothesis that the SplSPR functions in mediating female post‐mating behaviour and the existence of an SP‐like ligand in MAG secretions in S. litura.
Effect of Mineral Mixture Feeding on the Productive and Reproductive Performance of Crossbred Cattle

A field study was conducted to identify effect of mineral mixture feeding on the production and reproductive performance of crossbred cow. 50 animals were selected in their late gestation period and divided in to two groups of 25 animals each. First group (T) was fed with 60 gm mineral mixture daily till 180 days of lactation. Other group (C) was kept devoid from additional mineral mixture feeding which is farmer practice in that particular area. Milk production parameters like Avg. daily Milk yield, Peak Yield, Total Milk Yield, Milk Fat %, SNF %, Total milk solid and Reproductive parameters like Days of first post-partum estrus, service period, service per conception, conception rate were compared between treatment and control groups. It was observed that Avg. daily Milk yield, Peak Yield and total 180 days milk production were found significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher by 13.4%, 16.17% and 13.07 % in mineral mixture fed group than control group, however milk composition parameter were differed non-significantly between treatment and control group. Mineral mixture fed group had edge on control group in respect to reproductive efficiency. In which days of first post-partum estrus and conception rate were found significantly (P ≤ 0.05) shorter and higher, respectively in treatment group compared to control group. Finding of this experiment suggest that continuous feeding of mineral mixture bettered performance of dairy cross bred animal in respect of their production and reproductive performance.
Evidence of Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864, population structure in Puget Sound, WA, USA

Species traits that carry adaptive advantages such as reproductive timing and stress resilience may differ among populations. Knowledge and consideration of these traits should, therefore, be integrated into conservation efforts that include long‐term persistence of species. To test for adaptive differences between Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida, populations a reciprocal transplant experiment was carried out monitoring survival, growth and reproduction using three established populations of O. lurida within Puget Sound, WA, USA. Performance differed for each population. Ostrea lurida from Dabob Bay had the highest survival at all sites but the lowest reproductive activity and growth. Oysters from Oyster Bay demonstrated the greatest proportion of brooding females at a majority of sites with moderate growth and survival. Together these data suggest the existence of O. lurida population structure within Puget Sound and provide information on how broodstock should be selected for restoration purposes.
Short Communication Video-rate two-photon imaging of mouse footpad - a promising model for studying leukocyte recruitment dynamics during infl ammation

Leukocyte recruitment is a key host defense mech- anism to infection and a salient feature of autoimmune dis- eases such as arthritis. The cell dynamics of these processes are diffi cult to study due to the challenge of tracking cells fl owing in the circulation and migrating through light scat- tering tissues. Here, we describe a noninvasive two-photon (2P) microscopy approach to study leukocyte homing in the mouse footpad. In the absence of infl ammation, cells moved > several hundred µm/s in vessels and only rarely adhered to endothelium or entered the tissue parenchyma. In response to bacterial infection, neutrophils moved in small capillar- ies at reduced speeds of (14-45 µm/min) and rolled in larger vessels at 5-60 µm/min. Within minutes of adoptive transfer, neutrophils entered the connective tissue and crawled with a median velocity of 7.3 µm/min. 2P imaging has excellent spatiotemporal resolution and is a promising in vivo ap- proach to study the cellular basis of infl ammation.
Dietary exposure assessment of ß-lactam antibiotic residues in milk on Croatian market

This paper presents the preliminary screening report of the occurrence of β-lactam antibiotic residues in milk on Croatian market. The intensive animal production sometimes leads to the unavoidable presence of residues of veterinary drugs in food. However, it is possible to reduce the presence of residues in foods of animal origin by using the principles of good veterinary and good manufacturing practices, continuous control of food and using risk assessment approach. Method used for determination of these antibiotics were validated according to the guidelines laid down by European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The estimated dietary exposure based on the data on average consumption of milk and the estimated concentration of amoxicillin, ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, cloxacillin, cephapirin, cefazolin, cefoperazone and ceftiofur does not exceed relevant toxicological reference value (acceptable daily intake). These indicate that milk on Croatian market contain very low levels of β-lactam antibiotic residues and toxsicological risk with regard to consuming of milk could not be considered as a public health problem.
Epigenetics of response to biologic drug therapy in rheumatoid arthritis

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common complex autoimmune disorder which is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. While multiple factors that influence susceptibility to and outcome of disease have been identified there is still a large proportion of missing heritability and limited understanding of disease pathogenesis. In recent years, biologic drug therapies have advanced treatment of RA; however good disease control is achieved in just 30% of patients, making identification of predictors of treatment response important. One area of research which is yet to be explored in relation to treatment response, and requires further evaluation in RA susceptibility, is epigenetics. Epigenetics is the study of modifications of the DNA which can influence gene expression but do not alter genetic sequence, and the most commonly studied epigenetic phenomenon, to date, is DNA methylation.Objectives: To identify DNA methylation signatures predictive of treatment response to anti-TNF biologics, to explore the role of DNA methylation in RA susceptibility using disease discordant monozygotic (MZ) twins, and to assess the effect of cryopreservation of cells on DNA methylation.Methods: Genome-wide DNA methylation levels were measured using the HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in pre-treatment whole blood DNA samples from individuals who had extremely good or extremely poor response to the anti-TNF therapies, etanercept and adalimumab, and in MZ twins discordant for RA (n=79 pairs). I also compared genome-wide methylation in cells which had been cryopreserved with fresh cells, to investigate if this technique is suitable for epigenetic investigations.Results: I identified four methylation sites which were significantly related to response to etanercept at a false discovery rate of 5%, the most significantly differentially methylated of which maps to the LRPAP1 gene (p=1.46E-8). Indeed, four other sites at the same locus also showed evidence for differential methylation indicating that this represents a differentially methylated region. No sites were significantly associated with response to adalimumab after correction for multiple testing. I identified subtle differences in DNA methylation between RA discordant twins. Although these were not statistically significant following adjustment for cell composition, one of the most differentially methylated positions mapped to the ZNF74 gene (p=4.97E-6), and replicated a methylation difference identified in the largest previous epigenome-wide association study of RA cases and unrelated healthy controls. I found that cryopreservation of cells does not significantly alter the methylome, an important observation that will impact upon design of future studies.Conclusions: In the largest studies of DNA methylation in RA treatment response and RA discordant MZ twins to date, I identified significant differential methylation in etanercept response, but not adalimumab response, and found small differences in methylation in RA discordant MZ twins. I also concluded that cryopreservation does not significantly alter the methylome.
MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES AND CHROMATIN CONDENSATION ABNORMALITIES EVALUATED BY TOLUIDINE BLUE STAINING IN BULL SPERMATOZOA

ABSTRACT In this article, we investigated the correlation between the morphometric features of sperm heads and abnormalities in chromatin condensation using computational image analysis of sperm smears stained with toluidine blue. The chromatin structure was characterized in terms of the average gray-level intensity and the corresponding coefﬁcient variation based on images of the head. The geometry of the sperm heads was determined based on several morphometric measurements, including the area, perimeter, width, length, width:length ratio, ellipticity, shape factor, Fourier descriptor and symmetry. The correlation between the chromatin structure and the geometrical properties was evaluated. The correlation coefﬁcients between the morphometric features and chromatin alterations varied substantially from sample to sample, although a normal morphology was found in heads with or without abnormalities in chromatin condensation. Variations in the abnormalities in chromatin condensation inﬂuenced the head morphology in different ways. The ﬁnding that spermatozoa with chromatin abnormalities did not necessarily show morphological alterations demonstrates the need for the morphological analysis of sperm to be followed by an evaluation of chromatin structure.
Antigenic relationships between bluetongue virus serotypes as defined by monoclonal antibodies

Panels of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were generated to individual proteins of an Australian isolate of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 1 (VP2, VP3, VP5, VP6, NS1 and NS2). The number of individual epitopes and antigenic regions each panel defined were then determined. The simultaneous reaction of certain neutralization-resistant variants and heterologous serotyoes with several MAbs specific for such epitopes, resulted in low level virus neutralization.
FACTORS AFFECTING CONSUMER-BASED BRAND EQUITY OF VIETNAMESE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES

Khái niệm và tầm quan trọng của thương hiệu doanh nghiệp luôn được công nhận rộng rãi. Tuy nhiên, hiện nay, nhiều doanh nghiệp Việt Nam vẫn không ý thức được về tầm quan trọng của việc xây dựng thương hiệu, đặc biệt trong ngành dược phẩm nơi mà sản phẩm có liên quan trực tiếp đến sức khoẻ con người, thì việc mua sản phẩm của các thương hiệu dược nổi tiếng giúp đảm bảo nguy cơ thấp nhất đang dần trở thành thói quen của người tiêu dùng. Mục đích của bài báo này là tìm ra các yếu tố tác động đến giá trị thương hiệu dựa trên người tiêu dùng của các doanh nghiệp dược phẩm Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu cung cấp khuôn khổ khái niệm trong đó nhận thức thương hiệu, liên tưởng thương hiệu, chất lượng cảm nhận và lòng trung thành của thương hiệu có liên quan đến giá trị thương hiệu. Cuộc khảo sát được thực hiện trên 328 khách hàng tại các nhà thuốc và bệnh viện ở Việt Nam có kiến thức cơ bản về thương hiệu của các doanh nghiệp dược phẩm Việt Nam. Công cụ nghiên cứu bao gồm 18 mục hỏi về giá trị thương hiệu, cộng với việc khảo sát nhân khẩu học. Kết quả tìm ra bốn yếu tố tác động đến giá trị thương hiệu của các doanh nghiệp dược phẩm Việt Nam, bao gồm nhận thức thương hiệu, liên tưởng thương hiệu, chất lượng cảm nhận, lòng trung thành thương hiệu và sự tương quan giữa chúng.
Urine osmolality is equivalent to creatinine concentration for normalising urinary progestogen in the numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus).

Urine was collected from numbats (Myrmecobius fasciatus) held at the Perth Zoo (Western Australian) as part of the native Species Breeding Programme which breeds animals in captivity to by released to the wild. Osmolality and creatinine concentrations were very variable despite the provision of water ad libitum and a controlled diet. Progestogen was normalised by dividing the concentration by both the creatinine concentration and the osmolality of the urine. The correlation of these two ratios was highly significant for 7 of the 9 animals.
Immune Mechanisms of Protection

This chapter focuses on the immune mechanisms involved in protective immunity against tuberculosis, with the awareness that in most cases the immune response activated during infection with M. tuberculosis may be remarkably powerful yet insufficient. M. Lurie and E. Suter independently found that macrophages from immune animals expressed tuberculostatic activities, whereas those from normal animals permitted unrestricted bacillary multiplication. Although these studies suggested involvement of specific immune mechanisms, the investigators did not contest alternative strategies when they realized that immune serum did not influence tuberculostasis by mononuclear phagocytes (MP). The use of oxygen radical scavengers to probe the significance of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) in the antimycobacterial function of macrophages can potentially generate misleading information because of nonspecific effects of peroxynitrite anion, NO, superoxide anion chemicals. More importantly, the role that RNIs play in defense against pathogens has not been established in humans. Mycobactins, a group of iron-chelating growth factors of mycobacteria, have been considered a possible virulence factor of M. tuberculosis. In tuberculosis, the port of entry as well as the major organ of disease is the lung. Due the relationship between M. tuberculosis and host immunity underlying infection is a labile one, any diminution of protective immunity will cause progression into clinical disease.
Effect of Weak Public Financial Management on Public Sector Management and Sustainable Development in Nigeria

Corruption and weak PFM system are among the major factors that frustrate sound PSM and national sustainable development aspirations. FRs in all ramifications is designed to support probity and accountability in financial management in the public sector but these are often breached because of greed and corruption. Some public officers in Nigeria do not adhere to the basic principle of Mr. Average which implies that an average reasonable man is one who takes decisions and applies discretionary powers that are defendable and justiable under the law or any other existing regulations in the administration of public affairs. This lie at the heart of weak PFM and PSM. The exploratory research design was used for the study and it was found that sound PSM and sustainable development requires effective PFM in Nigeria.
Integrated nutrient management in aonla cv. A-7 in the red lateritic region of West Bengal

An experiment was carried out at the Regional Resear ch Sub-Station Sekhampur of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vi swavidyalaya, West Bengal, India for two consecutive years during 2008-09 to 2009-10 on to study the effect of integr ated nutrient management on growth and yield of aonla cv. NA-7. Ob servations on plant morphological characters and yi eld attributes were recorded at maturity of 3 years old aonla trees . The highest plant height (323.00cm) was recorded i n trees supplied with 100: 25:150 g NPK + 10kg FYM+ 50g PSB plant -1 . The highest number of branches was noted in 100:25 :150 G NPK + 10KG FYM + 50G PSB plant -1 treatment (15.30) and the lowest number of branches could be noted against the 100:50:150 g NPK plant -1 treatment (9.53) consisting of exclusive applicatio n of inorganic fertilizers. The highest number of fruits was observed in 100:25:150 g NPK + 5kg vermic ompost + 50g PSB plant -1 (73.17) which was closely followed by 100:25:150 g NPK + 10kg FYM + 50g PSB plant -1 treatment (72.73). The highest yield was recorded in 100:25:150 G NPK + 10KG FYM + 50G PSB plant -1 (1781.43 g plant -1 ) whereas lowest fruit yield was recorded in 100:50: 150 g NPK plant -1 (831.96 g/plant). In general, the treatment compris ing of integration of inorganics, organics and bio- fertilizers produced 50.92% more yield than the application of inorganic fertilizers only (100:50:150 g NPK plant -1 treatment). It appears from the investigation that application of 100: 25:150 g NPK plant -1 + 10kg FYM+ 50g PSB plant -1 and 100:25:150 g NPK + 10kg FYM + 50g PSB plant -1 ) treatments are beneficial for increasing vegetati ve growth as well as improving yield and yield
Factors that contribute to the withdrawal of adult learners from Adult Basic Education Programme (ABEP): a case study of Ramotswa village

A dissertation submitted to the Dept. of Adult Education, Faculty of Education, University of Botswana in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Masters of Education in Adult Education. Citation: Kgope, T.D. (2017) Factors that contribute to the withdrawal of adult learners from Adult Basic Education Programme (ABEP): a case study of Ramotswa village, University of Botswana.
Evolutionary Ecology of Oviposition Strategies

Finding and choosing a good site for oviposition is a challenging task for females of herbivorous insects, and her decision has far-reaching and profound consequences for the life history of her offspring. One of the most prominent features of host plant preference is that the range of host plants accepted for oviposition is often very narrow. The reason for this widespread specialization is a question that has puzzled researchers for many years, and even though interesting progress has been made, it still waits for a completely satisfying answer. The oviposition strategy of an insect is a complex trade-off between many, sometimes contradictory, factors, including host plant range, clutch size, host quality, the difficulty of finding hosts of sufficient quality, the chances of finding even better hosts, predation risks on her and her offspring, larval mobility and host-finding capability, microclimate, etc. Thus, although the female’s prime goal may be to choose an oviposition site that maximizes offspring survival and performance the outcome is not necessarily a perfect match between female host plant preference and larval performance. Unformatted text version of: Janz, N. 2002. Evolutionary ecology of oviposition strategies. pp. 349-376. In M. Hilker, & T. Meiners (eds.), Chemoecology of insect eggs and egg deposition. Blackwell, Berlin.