Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of cognitive and psychomotor impairment, subjective effects, and blood THC concentrations following acute administration of oral and vaporized cannabis

Background: Cannabis legalization is expanding, but there are no established methods for detecting cannabis impairment. Aim: Characterize the acute impairing effects of oral and vaporized cannabis using various performance tests. Methods: Participants (N = 20, 10 men/10 women) who were infrequent cannabis users ingested cannabis brownies (0, 10, and 25 mg Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, THC) and inhaled vaporized cannabis (0, 5, and 20 mg THC) in six double-blind outpatient sessions. Cognitive/psychomotor impairment was assessed with a battery of computerized tasks sensitive to cannabis effects, a novel test (the DRiving Under the Influence of Drugs, DRUID®), and field sobriety tests. Blood THC concentrations and subjective drug effects were evaluated. Results: Low oral/vaporized doses did not impair cognitive/psychomotor performance relative to placebo but produced positive subjective effects. High oral/vaporized doses impaired cognitive/psychomotor performance and increased positive and negative subjective effects. The DRUID® was the most sensitive test to cannabis impairment, as it detected significant differences between placebo and active doses within both routes of administration. Women displayed more impairment on the DRUID® than men at the high vaporized dose only. Field sobriety tests showed little sensitivity to cannabis-induced impairment. Blood THC concentrations were far lower after cannabis ingestion versus inhalation. After inhalation, blood THC concentrations typically returned to baseline well before pharmacodynamic effects subsided. Conclusions: Standard approaches for identifying impairment due to cannabis exposure (i.e. blood THC and field sobriety tests) have severe limitations. There is a need to identify novel biomarkers of cannabis exposure and/or behavioral tests like the DRUID® that can reliably and accurately detect cannabis impairment at the roadside and in the workplace.
Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine protection against variants of concern after one versus two doses

Abu-Raddad, L. J., Chemaitelly, H. , Yassine, H. M. , Benslimane, F. M. , Al Khatib, H. A. , Tang, P., Malek, J. A. , Coyle, P., Ayoub, H. H. , Al Kanaani, Z. , Al Kuwari, E. , Jeremijenko, A. , Kaleeckal, A. H. , Latif, A. N. , Shaik, R. M. , Abdul Rahim, H. F. , Nasrallah, G. K. , Al Kuwari, M. G. , Al Romaihi, H. E. , . Bertollini, R. (2021). PfizerBioNTech mRNA BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine protection against variants of concern after one versus two doses. Journal of Travel Medicine, 28(7). https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taab083
HLA‐G expression correlates with histological grade but not with prognosis in colorectal carcinoma

Trophoblast‐specific expression of HLA‐G induces immune tolerance for the developing fetus. Pathological HLA‐G expression later in life might contribute to immune escape of various cancers. We studied the still controversial role of HLA‐G in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) using the MEM‐G/1 antibody and a tissue microarray series of CRC tumors (n = 317). HLA‐G expression appeared in 20% of the tumors and showed high intratumoral heterogeneity. HLA‐G positivity was associated with better differentiation (p = 0.002) and non‐mucinous histology (p = 0.008). However, HLA‐G expression alone showed no prognostic value: 5‐years disease‐specific survival among patients with HLA‐G expression was 68.9% (95% CI: 62.7%–75.0%) compared to 74.8% (95% CI: 63.2%–86.3%) among those without expression. These results support a modulatory role of HLA‐G in CRC.
Machine learning-based risk profile classification of patients undergoing elective heart valve surgery.

OBJECTIVES Machine learning methods potentially provide a highly accurate and detailed assessment of expected individual patient risk before elective cardiac surgery. Correct anticipation of this risk allows for the improved counselling of patients and avoidance of possible complications. We therefore investigated the benefit of modern machine learning methods in personalized risk prediction for patients undergoing elective heart valve surgery. METHODS We performed a monocentric retrospective study in patients who underwent elective heart valve surgery between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2014 at our centre. We used random forests, artificial neural networks and support vector machines to predict the 30-day mortality from a subset of 129 available demographic and preoperative parameters. Exclusion criteria were reoperation of the same patient, patients who needed anterograde cerebral perfusion due to aortic arch surgery and patients with grown-up congenital heart disease. Finally, the cohort consisted of 2229 patients with a 30-day mortality of 3.86% (86 of 2229 cases). This trial has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03724123). RESULTS The final random forest model trained on the entire data set provided an out-of-bag area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.839, which significantly outperformed the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) (AUC = 0.704) and a model trained only on the subset of features EuroSCORE uses (AUC = 0.745). CONCLUSIONS Advanced machine learning methods can predict outcomes of valve surgery procedures with higher accuracy than established risk scores based on logistic regression on pre-selected parameters. This approach is generalizable to other elective high-risk interventions and allows for training models to the cohorts of specific institutions.
Search for antiplasmodial compounds from Ghanaian medicinal plants

Une enquete ethnobotanique a ete menee en Bosomtwi et Sekyere Est Districts de la Region Ashanti, au Ghana, en utilisant des questionnaires valides pour identifier les plantes traditionnellement utilisees pour gerer le paludisme. Cinq plantes avec une utilisation elevee ont ete selectionnes et une extraction preliminaire des matieres vegetales selectionnees effectuees avec de l'eau, le methanol, l'acetate d'ethyle et d'ether de petrole. Les extraits ont ete doses pour l'activite antiplasmodiale utilisant les methodes antiplasmodiales in vitro. Les deux les plus prometteuses plantes, Phyllanthus fraternus (Phyllanthaceae) et Bambusa vulgaris (Pocea) ont ete choisis pour l'isolement bio-guidee de constituants bioactifs en utilisant des methodes chromatographiques (par exemple TLC, flash chromatographie, HPLC semi-preparative). Elucidation de la structure des composes isoles ont ete effectuees en utilisant des methodes spectroscopiques (par exemple 1D et 2D Magnetique Nucleaires Resonance (MNR), infrarouge et spectrometrie de masse et leur activite antiplasmodiale etudies.
Movement ecology of black marlin Istiompax indica in the Western Indian Ocean

Abstract The black marlin Istiompax indica is an apex marine predator and is susceptible to overfishing. The movement ecology of the species remains poorly known, particularly within the Indian Ocean, which has hampered assessment of their conservation status and fisheries management requirements. Here, we used pop‐up archival satellite tags to track I. indica movement and examine their dispersal. Forty‐nine tags were deployed off Kenya during both the north‐east (November–April) and south‐west (August–September) monsoon seasons, providing locations from every month of the year. Individual I. indica were highly mobile and track distance correlated with the duration of tag attachment. Mean track duration was 38 days and mean track distance was >1800 km. Individuals dispersed in several directions: north‐east into Somalian waters and up to northern Oman, east towards the Seychelles, and south into the Mozambique Channel. Their core habitat shifted seasonally and overlapped with areas of high productivity off Kenya, Somalia and Oman during the first half of the year. A second annual aggregation off the Kenyan coast, during August and September, did not coincide with high chlorophyll‐a (chl‐a) concentrations or thermal fronts, and the drivers of the species' presence and movement from this second aggregation was unclear. We tested their habitat preferences by comparing environmental conditions at track locations to the conditions at locations along simulated tracks based on the empirical data. Observed I. indica preferred cooler water with higher chl‐a concentrations and stayed closer to the coast than simulated tracks. The rapid and extensive dispersal of I. indica from Kenya suggests that there is likely a single stock in the Western Indian Ocean, with individuals swimming between areas of high commercial catches off northern Somalia and Oman, and artisanal and recreational fisheries catches throughout East Africa and Mozambique.
Choose wisely: imaging for diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis

Objective To assess the diagnostic accuracy of radiography (X-ray, XR), CT and MRI of the sacroiliac joints for diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods 163 patients (89 with axSpA; 74 with degenerative conditions) underwent XR, CT and MR. Three blinded experts categorised the imaging findings into axSpA, other diseases or normal in five separate reading rounds (XR, CT, MR, XR +MR, CT +MR). The clinical diagnosis served as reference standard. Sensitivity and specificity for axSpA and inter-rater reliability were compared. Results XR showed lower sensitivity (66.3%) than MR (82.0%) and CT (76.4%) and also an inferior specificity of 67.6% vs 86.5% (MR) and 97.3% (CT). XR +MR was similar to MR alone (sensitivity 77.5 %/specificity 87.8%) while CT+MR was superior (75.3 %/97.3%). CT had the best inter-rater reliability (kappa=0.875), followed by MR (0.665) and XR (0.517). XR +MR was similar (0.662) and CT+MR (0.732) superior to MR alone. Conclusions XR had inferior diagnostic accuracy and inter-rater reliability compared with cross-sectional imaging. MR alone was similar in diagnostic performance to XR+MR. CT had the best accuracy, strengthening the importance of structural lesions for the differential diagnosis in axSpA.
Efficacy and Safety of 177Lu-DOTATATE in Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Bicenter study

Visual Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of 177Lu-DOTATATE in patients with somatostatin receptor (SSR)–positive lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Methods: This is a retrospective review of the outcome of patients with typical carcinoid (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC), treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE at 2 ENETS Centers of Excellence. Morphologic imaging (RECIST 1.1) and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT responses were assessed at 3 mo after completion of 177Lu-DOTATATE. Concordance between 2 response assessment methods was evaluated by κ statistics. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and compared by Log-rank test. Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were graded based on Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5. Results: Of 48 patients (median age, 63 y; 13 women), 43 (90%) had AC and 5 (10%) TC. Almost all patients (47, 98%) were treated due to progression. Most patients (40, 83%) received somatostatin analogs, and 10 patients (20%) had prior everolimus, chemotherapy, or both. All patients had high SSR expression (≥ modified Krenning score 3) on pretreatment 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT. Patients received a median 4 (range, 1–4) cycles of 177Lu-DOTATATE (33% with concurrent radiosensitizing chemotherapy) to a median cumulative activity of 27 GBq (range, 6–43GBq). At a median follow-up of 42 mo, the median PFS and OS were 23 mo (95% CI, 18–28 mo) and 59 mo (95% CI, 50-not reached [NR]), respectively. Of 40 patients with RECIST-measurable disease and 39 patients with available 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, response categories were partial response, 20% (95% CI, 10%–35%) and 44% (95% CI, 30%–59%); stable disease, 68% (95% CI, 52%–80%) and 44% (95% CI, 30%–59%); and progressive disease, 12% (95% CI, 5%–27%) by both, respectively. There was a moderate concordance between response categories by RECIST and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, weighted κ of 0.51 (95% CI, 0.21–0.68). Of patients with stable disease by RECIST, those with partial response on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT had a longer OS than those with no response, NR versus 52 mo (95% CI, 28–64), hazard ratio 0.2 (95% CI, 0.1–0.6), P < 0.001. Most grade 3/4 AEs were reversible and the most common was lymphopenia (14%) with no incidence of myelodysplasia or leukemia. Conclusion: In patients with advanced progressive lung NET and satisfactory SSR expression, 177Lu-DOTATATE is effective and safe with a high disease control rate and encouraging PFS and OS.
The aesthetic experience of critical art: The effects of the context of an art gallery and the way of providing curatorial information

The aim of our research was to investigate the influence of the situational context of presenting contemporary critical artworks (in an art gallery vs in a laboratory setting) and the way in which one is acquainted with contextual information, i.e. a curatorial description (reading it on one’s own vs listening to it vs a lack of curatorial information), on the reception of critical art. All experimental stimuli were exemplars of contemporary art which raise current controversial social and political issues. Non-experts in the field of art were asked to rate their emotional reactions on non-verbal scales and estimate their liking and understanding of the artworks. As predicted, the art gallery context increased both the experience of aesthetic emotions–in terms of valence, arousal, subjective significance, and dominance and aesthetic judgements–in terms of liking. Thus, for critical art (i.e. current artworks which critically address serious, up-to-date issues) the situational context of the gallery increased the aesthetic experience–which is in line with previous studies on the gallery (or museum) effect. Curatorial information increased understanding, so non-experts seem to need interpretative guidance in the reception of critical art. Subjective significance was higher in the reading of curatorial information condition than the listening to curatorial information condition or the control condition (a lack of curatorial information). It seems, therefore, that art non-experts have a better understanding of critical art after being exposed to the curatorial description, but this does not result in an increase in liking and aesthetic emotions. Probably this is because the curatorial description allows one to grasp the difficult, often unpleasant issue addressed by critical art.
Absenteeism-Related Wage Loss Associated With Multimorbidity Among Employed Adults in the United States

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: To estimate the incremental absenteeism-related wage loss associated with multimorbidity and examine the influence of paid sick leave policy (PSLP) on multimorbidity-associated absenteeism wage loss. Methods: We used the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) 2015 data. Two-part generalized linear models (GLM) were employed, using binomial distribution and gamma distribution with a log link. Results: Nationally, multimorbidity was associated with a $9 billion incremental absenteeism-related wage loss annually among working adults. Absenteeism-related wage loss was higher among those with multimorbidity than those without multimorbidity. The incremental annual absenteeism-related wage loss associated with multimorbidity was lower in settings that offered paid sick leave than that did not offer paid sick leaves. Conclusion: Multimorbidity is associated with higher absenteeism-related wage loss. Paid sick leave policies can reduce the impact of multimorbidity on absenteeism-related wage loss.
Effects of Wine Bottle Closure Type on Consumer Purchase Intent and Price Expectation

The effects of natural cork, synthetic cork, and screwcap closures on the purchase intent and price expectation of wine consumers was examined for two commercial wines, a Chardonnay and a Merlot. Consumer purchase behavior was measured in a taste survey where participants tasted and rated the wines twice: once when the closure information was not known and a second time when the closure information was revealed. Causal effects were evaluated for impact on purchase behavior when the closure information was revealed using ordinary least squares regression, logistic regression models, and path analysis. Liking rating for the wine was the most important variable to impact purchase intent. The effect of liking on purchase intent was positive where there was ~10% higher probability of buying the wine for a 1-unit increase in liking rating; type of closure had only limited impact on purchase intent. The results for price expectation are different than for purchase intent in that liking did not impact expected price; quality had the greatest impact. For the expected price models, results indicated that consumers expected to pay significantly less for a bottle with a screwcap for both wines. The significant negative effect of the screwcap on expected price relative to synthetic and natural corks indicated a direct negative effect. However, the positive correlation of natural cork and negative correlation of screwcap with quality rating indicated that closure type also impacts expected price indirectly through consumer perception of quality.
Effect of selenium-enriched malt on hepatocarcinogenesis,paraneoplastic syndrome and the hormones regulating blood glucose in rats treated by diethylnitrosamine

Total 233 SD rats were divided randomly into 6 groups.Animals in GroupⅠ,Ⅱ andⅢ were fed with selenium as selenium enriched malt(SEM)supplemented diets(0.3,1.0 and 3.0 mg·kg~(-1)),and served as SEM treated groups.Animals in Group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,and Ⅵ received 3.0,0.1 and 0.1 mg·kg~(-1) selenium in sodium selenite(SS)respectively,and were served as SS,positive control and negative control groups respectively.Animals in Group ⅠⅤ were induced hepatoma by diethylnitrosamine(100 mg·L~(-1)) for 16 weeks.Subsequently,all the rats were denied diet for 12 hours,weighed and sacrificed by cervical decapitation humanely at the end of the eighteenth week.Then the morphological changes of liver,hepatoma markers,liver function indices,the calcium concentration,the glucose content in plasma and values of the hormones regulating blood glucose were recorded respectively.The results indicated that SEM showed a better function in decreasing hepatoma nodules,the levels of hepatoma markers and liver function indices,including α-fetoprotein(AFP),glutathione-S-transferase(GST),γ-glutamyltranspeptidase(γ-GT),insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ),alanine aminotransterase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),total bilirubin(TBIL)in the plasma,and delaying the descent of hormones in the serum,names as insulin,glucagons,T_3 and T_4 than SS.Effect of SEM excelled SS in the aspects of deadening the descent of glucose concentration in the plasma and the rise of calcium concentration in the serum induced by diethylnitrosamine.The value of glucose was significantly related to these items forenamed.In conclusion,the function of SEM in deadening the lesion and delaying the development of hepatoma induced by diethylnitrosamine was better than that of SS.The hypoglycemia and hypercalcinemia were significantly correlated with the multifactorsmentioned above.
Prevention of Lyme and other tickborne diseases using a rodent‐targeted approach: A randomized controlled trial in Connecticut

Tickborne diseases are an increasing public health problem in the northeastern USA. Bait boxes that apply acaricide to rodents have been shown in small field studies to significantly reduce abundance of Ixodes scapularis ticks as well as their pathogen infection rates in treated areas. The effectiveness of this intervention for preventing human tickborne diseases (TBDs) has not been demonstrated. During 2012–2016, TickNET collaborators conducted a randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled trial among 622 Connecticut households. Each household received active (containing fipronil wick) or placebo (empty) bait boxes in their yards over two consecutive years. Information on tick encounters and TBDs among household members was collected through biannual surveys. Nymphal ticks were collected from a subset of 100 properties during spring at baseline, during treatment, and in the year post‐intervention. Demographic and property characteristics did not differ between treatment groups. There were no significant differences post‐intervention between treatment groups with respect to tick density or pathogen infection rates, nor for tick encounters or TBDs among household members. We found no evidence that rodent‐targeted bait boxes disrupt pathogen transmission cycles or significantly reduce household risk of tick exposure or TBDs. The effectiveness of this intervention may depend on scale of use or local enzootic cycles.
Keratinocyte Cancer Mortality in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Background. Kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk of developing and dying from keratinocyte cancer. Risk factors for keratinocyte cancer death have not been previously described. Methods. In a cohort of kidney transplant recipients transplanted in Queensland from 1995 to 2014, we identified keratinocyte cancer deaths by searching national transplant and state death registries to March 2020. Standardized keratinocyte cancer mortality rates and mortality ratios were calculated. We used a competing risks model to identify factors associated with keratinocyte cancer death and calculated relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. There were 562 deaths in 1866 kidney transplant recipients (62% male individuals; 86% Caucasian) with 25 934 person-y of follow-up, of which 36 were due to squamous cell carcinoma and 1 to basal cell carcinoma with standardized mortality rates of 78 (95% CI, 53-111) and 2 (95% CI, 0.1-11) per 100 000 person-y, respectively. The standardized mortality ratio for keratinocyte cancer was 23 (95% CI, 23-24). Besides Caucasian ethnicity (associated with 100% of keratinocyte cancer deaths), male sex (RR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.26-8.33), and older age at transplantation (≥50 versus <50 y; RR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.38-6.89) were associated with increased risk of keratinocyte cancer death. Conclusions. Keratinocyte cancer mortality in kidney transplant recipients is over 20 times higher than in the general population. Most keratinocyte cancer deaths are due to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, however, basal cell carcinoma can be fatal. Education in skin cancer prevention is essential to avoid unnecessary deaths from keratinocyte cancer among kidney transplant recipients.
Body swapping with a Black person boosts empathy: Using virtual reality to embody another

Perspective-taking, whether through imagination or virtual-reality interventions, seems to improve intergroup relations; however, which intervention leads to better outcomes remains unclear. This preregistered study collected measures of empathy and race bias from 90 participants, split into one of three perspective-taking groups: embodied perspective-taking, mental perspective-taking, and a control group. We drew on virtual-reality technology alongside a Black confederate across all conditions. Only in the first group, participants got to exchange real-time viewpoints with the confederate and literally “see through the eyes of another. ” In the two other conditions, participants either imagined a day in the life of the Black confederate or in their own life, respectively. Our findings show that, compared with the control group, the embodied perspective-taking group scored higher on empathy sub-components. On the contrary, both perspective-taking interventions differentially affected neither explicit nor implicit race bias. Our study suggests that embodiment of an outgroup can enhance empathy.