Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review of climate-change impact and adaptation studies for the water sector in Thailand

Thailand plays a central economic and policy-making role in Southeast Asia. Although climate change adaptation is being mainstreamed in Thailand, a well-organized overview of the impacts of climate change and potential adaptation measures has been unavailable to date. Here we present a comprehensive review of climate-change impact studies that focused on the Thai water sector, based on a literature review of six sub-sectors: riverine hydrology, sediment erosion, coastal erosion, forest hydrology, agricultural hydrology, and urban hydrology. Our review examined the long-term availability of observational data, historical changes, projected changes in key variables, and the availability of economic assessments and their implications for adaptation actions. Although some basic hydrometeorological variables have been well monitored, specific historical changes due to climate change have seldom been detected. Furthermore, although numerous future projections have been proposed, the likely changes due to climate change remain unclear due to a general lack of systematic multi-model and multi-scenario assessments and limited spatiotemporal coverage of the study area. Several gaps in the research were identified, and ten research recommendations are presented. While the information contained herein contributes to state-of-the-art knowledge on the impact of climate change on the water sector in Thailand, it will also benefit other countries on the Indochina Peninsula with a similar climate.
How much drug allergies affect quality of life?

Hypersensitivity reactions to drugs affect 10% to 20% of hospitalized patients. Epidemiological studies have shown that more than 5% of the population have experienced least a times DHR in their lives. DHRs are considered public health problems due to associated morbidity and socioeconomic costs in the world wide. In our country, prevalence of drug hypersensitivity has been reported as 4.7-13.4 % in young adults.
Pressure-jump volume-relaxation studies of polystyrene in the glass transition region

An apparatus has been constructed that permits the measurement of time-dependent changes in pressure near the point of vitrification. The same instrument is used for measuring steady-state PVT properties, which are necessary for a proper analysis of the dynamic measurements. The former experiments are referred to as pressure-jump volume-relaxation (PJVR) measurements and serve as a direct probe of the structural relaxation process that occurs in all glasses. Experiments have been performed on polystyrene from 110 to 150°C and up to 2 kbar using pressure steps of 500 bars. The qualitative observations are analogous to those obtained at atmospheric pressure by rapid changes in temperature, namely (1) nonlinearity, (2) asymmetry, and (3) memory effects associated with complicated temperature or pressure histories. Each of these effects is accounted for semiquantitatively by a phenomenological order-parameter model that has been extended to include the effect of pressure. Deviations between theory and experiment increase as temperature and pressure increase, this being manifest mostly in a predicted recovery curve (expansion isobar) that recovers the equilibrium volume more quickly than the experimental data; the contraction isobars are in most cases predicted within experimental error. The adjustable parameters of the model are found to vary somewhat with pressure and temperature, apparently due to variations in δ and Δκ. The activation volume suggests that 10–20 monomer segments are involved in the recovery process, assuming that the activation volume itself represents only a fraction of the dynamic unit (as observed in molecular glasses).
Corporate Social Responsibility: Motives and Financial Performance

The relationship between companies and society has been questioned for a long time. However, the effect of the motives behind CSR regarding the companies’ actual engagement with CSR has received little attention, especially in emerging markets. This paper tackles this issue for the first time using a sample of Jordanian companies. We explore the effect of two types of motives on the level of engagement in CSR: extrinsic motive (financial) and intrinsic motives (ethical and altruistic). The relationship between the company’s actual financial performance and CSR is also investigated. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire, distributed to Jordanian company’s managers in five sectors: pharmaceutical, technology and telecommunication, construction, farming, and financial services. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to depict the relationships. Results show that the intrinsic motives have a significant effect on CSR, while the extrinsic motive has none. When intrinsic motives were tested separately, results showed that the ethical motive had a significant effect, while the altruistic had no effect. In both cases, CSR was shown to be more significantly driven by the company’s financial performance. Different stakeholders such as policymakers, entrepreneurs, researchers, and investors may use the results of this study to increase companies’ involvement in CSR.
Moisture Nonuniformity in Drying Paper: Measurement and Relation to Process Parameters

Abstract Local nonuniformity of moisture content during drying is doubly disadvantageous. Moisture nonuniformity reduces drying effectiveness, increasing drying cost or reducing drying capacity, and may decrease product quality for printing through effects such as cockling and curl. These problems can occur with the now dominant process of cylinder drying, but become much more acute with the various higher intensity drying techniques which are competing to become elements of the higher speed hybrid dryer sections of the future. For quantitative characterization of moisture nonuniformity a novel method applicable to paper being dried by various processes was developed, then demonstrated for one high intensity air convection process, through air drying. During drying, the local moisture content was determined for many 2.5 mm diameter sensing areas by very rapid scanning with a custom design 3-wavelength infrared paper moisture instrument. For local moisture nonuniformity thus determined, the coefficient of variation provides a standard basis for comparison between paper types and drying conditions. For kraft paper from 20 to 120 g/m2, the effects on local moisture nonuniformity were evaluated for drying intensity and for several paper parameters—formation, grammage, and initial moisture content. The drying nonuniformity index was found to parallel both formation quality and drying intensity. An unexpected finding was that over the 20–120 g/m2 range, local moisture nonuniformity passes through a maximum at 30 g/m2. Sheet initial moisture content produces the largest effect, with moisture nonuniformity index being both high and very sensitive to this parameter for initial moisture content above the fibre saturation point. Another finding from these unique measurements is that, for the same 2.5 mm diameter sensing areas, there is a clear correlation between moisture nonuniformity index and local grammage.
Multiparametric Approach for Chemical Dating of Snow Layers from Antarctica

Abstract A dating method for successive snow layers is proposed which is based on a combination of concentration profiles of three chemical parameters measured for each sample: H2O2, MSA, and nssSO2− 4. In the studied area (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica), these substances demonstrate a clear seasonal character with summer maxima and winter minima which together can constitute an univocal annual indicator. The proposed method involves searching for maximum values and normalizing the concentration/depth profile of each substance; a smoothed sum of the contribution for each component, for each depth value, gives a resulting profile which is better adapted to objective interpretation of the seasonal trends. This method is applied to the dating of snow and firn samples coming from two snowpits and one shallow firn core at three different stations, which are found at different altitudes and distances from the sea, within approximately 200 Km from the Italian base at Terra Nova Bay. The variations in concen.
Numerical Analysis of Macro-Instability Characteristic in a Stirred Tank by Means of Large Eddy Simulations: Off-Bottom Clearance Effect

Low frequency and large scale flow variations, often called macro-instability (MI) phenomena, were studied by means of a combination of large eddy simulations (LES) and sliding mesh (SM) models. Numerical predictions of MI characterictic in a six-bladed Rushton turbine stirred tank were performed by varying the off-bottom clearance at constant impeller rotational speed. The occurrence of MI in this study was identified by two methods: observing visually the flow velocity vector field and analyzing the time-series data of both velocity in the bulk flow and dynamic pressure on the vessel wall. The transient flow field visualization revealed the secondary circulation flow and the asymmetrical flow pattern beside of the mean flow pattern. The high variation intensity of flow pattern variation was clearly identified in the region with smaller space. The flow pattern variation was corroborated with the presence of high amplitude peaks in the low frequency part of the frequency spectrum of flow velocity. The distinct peak that was usually designated as the frequency of MI revealed the characteristic of MI. The physical meaning of the frequency of MI was the periodical appearance of the pronounced flow pattern. The numerical predictions of the frequency of MI in the region below and above impeller studied in this paper were confirmed well with the experimental results reported by Matsuda et al. (2004). The numerical prediction of the dynamic pressure monitored on the tank wall was also in agreement with the flow velocity monitored in the bulk flow for indicating the MI phenomena. This way of monitoring will be useful for the study of MI in multiphase agitated tank in the near future and in the practical application.
Characteristics of nursing encounters in primary healthcare in remote areas: A survey of nurses’ patient record documentation and self-report

To meet both current and future competence needs, improved and updated understanding of nurses’ scope of practice when working in remote communities is needed. The aim was to describe and analyze the characteristics of nursing encounters in primary healthcare in remote areas. The setting for the study was an island community in Finland. Nurses’ patient record documentation and self-reports on patient encounters were surveyed (n = 1062). Patients aged ≥65 years accounted for most encounters. Great variety in the encounters was seen, though some nursing tasks and patient conditions were overrepresented. For patient safety reasons, it is important to review how nurses maintain competence regarding those tasks and conditions encountered less often. Primary healthcare services should focus on the broader determinants of health. However, a more disease-oriented focus was seen. To ensure quality of care in primary healthcare in remote areas, there is a need for standardized routines for monitoring patients and documenting findings and performed interventions.
Sexual satisfaction and body image in outpatient male opioids users receiving harm reduction services

ABSTRACT Objectives: Substance use causes many negative physical and psychological problems. This study aimed to compare male opioids users receiving harm reduction services with non-users in terms of sexual satisfaction and body image. Method: A total of 150 male patients with opioids use disorder were recruited by the convenience sampling method from six harm reduction drug treatment centers in Tehran, Iran. These patients were compared with 150 male non-users in terms of sexual satisfaction and body image measured by the Index of Sexual Satisfaction and Body-Esteem Scale, respectively. Results: Data analysis using ANCOVA and MANCOVA indicated that non-users reported a higher level of sexual satisfaction [F (1,295) = 98.57; p <. 01] and a better body image than opioids users receiving harm reduction services. Conclusion: Current results showed considerable negative effects of opioids use on men’s sexual satisfaction and body image. Accordingly, addressing these problems in the treatment of patients with opioids use disorder is of great importance.
Fires Represent an Important Source of Carbon Emissions in Mexico

Biomass burning, including fires, has been identified as the largest source of primary fine carbonaceous particles in the troposphere and one of the major drivers of global carbon (C) cycle, cloud properties, and climate. Most of the global C emissions happen in the Pantropic region. Modeling estimates suggest an increase in Mexican fire frequencies, intensity, and C emission to the atmosphere. However, no study has combined field and satellite data to estimate C emissions by fires for any tropical country. Here, we present an approach to estimate the spatiotemporal variability of fires and its total C emissions in Mexico with the associated climate that combines national fire inventories with remote sensing. We provide evidence that tropical ecosystems, particularly tropical forests at Yucatan Peninsula, Pacific Coast, and Gulf of Mexico, provide the largest C emissions with high fire densities. We found evidence to contrast the relationships of the interannual and intra‐annual variability of C emissions with immediate and lagged climate effects such as El Niño and La Niña events. Data also indicate that C emissions from fires are up to 11 times higher than those from deforestation and account 19% of the total National CO2 emissions and 5% of the total Pantropical C emissions. Because fires are related to climate change, we encourage future studies to focus on climate fire feedbacks for implementing adequate climate mitigation strategies.
Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Crosslinked Chitosan-g-Poly(Acrylic Acid)/Bentonite Composite

A new crosslinked chitosan-g-poly (acrylic acid)/bentonite composite (CS-g-PAA/BT) was prepared and used for the removal of methylene blue (MB). CS-g-PAA/BT was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The water absorbency for CS-g-PAA/BT was found to be 93 and 50 g H2Og−1 in distilled water and 0.2% NaCl, respectively. The results showed that the adsorption of the MB on the CS-g-PAA/BT was effected by the initial dye concentration, the initial pH value, as well as the temperature. Both kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process were estimated. These data indicated an endothermic spontaneous adsorption process that kinetically followed the second-order adsorption process. Equilibrium experiments fitted well the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity for the MB was 2000–2500 mg g−1 at 298–313 K. The results of this study implied that CS-g-PAA/BT can be used a promising adsorbent for the removal of MB from wastewater.
Nanoadsorbents for Remediation of Aquatic Environment: Local and Practical Solutions for Global Water Pollution Problems

The authors present an overview with critical analysis of technical applicability of various nanoadsorbents such as carbon nanotubes, nano-zerovalent iron, and metal oxides–based and polymeric nanoparticles in treating contaminated water. To highlight their performance, selected information such as synthesis method, pH, dose required, pollutant's concentrations, reaction time, and treatment efficiency is presented based on the literature survey of 276 articles (1989–2010). Their advantages and drawbacks in applications are evaluated. Nanoadsorbents that stand out for outstanding performance are compared to bulk activated carbon. The implications of nanoadsorbents to public health and their way forward for facilitating environmental sustainability are also discussed.
The Development of Mathematics Learning Devices Based on Numbered Heads Together to Improve the Problem Solving Skills for Students Grade VII Junior High School

The purpose of this study is to produce learning devices that are valid, practical and effective based on cooperative learning model, numbered heads together (NHT) type. NHT is a learning model where every student in a heterogeneous group has a different number. Seeing the typical type of NHT is the numbering of each student so that the type of NHT is suitable for students to be more responsible for the subject matter. The development model used is the Plomp development model, which consists of three phases. The tools to be developed are the lesson plans (known as RPP) and student worksheets (known as LKPD). The results of this study were RPP and LKPD was valid, practical, and effective.
Modelling the Mass Transfer Kinetics of Battered and Breaded Fish Nuggets during Deep-Fat Frying at Different Frying Temperatures

Battered and breaded fish nuggets (BBFNs) were fried at three different temperatures (160, 170, and 180°C) for 30–180 s to study the mass transfer kinetics of moisture loss and fat absorption. The mass transfer mechanism was investigated through an analysis of microstructure, surface oil (SO), and penetrated surface oil (PSO) contents of fried BBFNs. The results showed that Fick’s second law of diffusion and the first-order kinetic model could well describe the kinetics of moisture loss and fat absorption of the crust, respectively. Transfer coefficients of the two mass transports significantly increased with an increase in the frying temperature ( P < 0.05 ). With the increase in the frying temperature, pore size of the crust increased. The PSO content of the crust also increased with elevated frying temperature. These results suggest that frying temperature affects the moisture loss and fat absorption kinetics of the crust by changing its microstructure.
Greater effects of high- compared with moderate-intensity interval training on thyroid hormones in overweight/obese adolescent girls

Abstract Objectives To investigate the effects of 12-week high-intensity- (HIIT) vs. moderate-intensity-interval training (MIIT) on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) and insulin-resistance in overweight/obese adolescent girls. Methods Twenty four adolescent girls (age 16.5±1.36 yrs) were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) HIIT (2 blocks per session of 6–8 bouts of 30 s runs at 100–110% maximal aerobic speed (MAS), with 30 s active recovery between bouts at 50% MAS; n=8), (2) MIIT (2 blocks per session of 6–8 bouts of 30 s runs at 70–80% MAS, with 30 s active recovery between bouts at 50% MAS; n=8) and (3) control group (no exercise, n=8). Each training groups engaged in three sessions per week during three months. Anthropometric parameters, aerobic capacity, homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as well as plasma TSH and T4 levels were assessed in all subjects before- and after-training. Results Following both training programs, body mass, body mass index Z-score, waist circumference and body fat decreased, while aerobic capacity increased. However, TSH and T4 concentrations decreased only after the HIIT (−30.47%, p<0.05, ES=1.42 and −12.86%, p<0.05, ES=1.18; respectively). The HOMA-IR decreased in both training groups (−26.25%, p<0.05, ES=1.87 for MIIT and −21.72%, p<0.05, ES=2.14 for HIIT). Conclusion Twelve weeks of HIIT was effective in reducing circulating TSH and T4 levels, unlike MIIT, in overweight/obese adolescent girls. These findings indicated that the stimulation of pituitary-thyroid function is more sensitive to training intensity than training duration. Further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.
Consumer attitudes towards flying amidst growing climate concern

Abstract Despite increasing attention on air travel’s significant and disproportionate contribution to climate change, meaningful reduction in consumer demand is nowhere in sight. Taking a consumer behaviour approach, this study adopts Katz’s attitude functions theory as a framework to better understand factors that shape attitudes towards discretionary air travel amidst growing climate concern. Interviews with Australian travellers indicate that the functions of air travel attitudes are utilitarian, value-expressive, and social-adjustive. These functions serve independent yet interrelated purposes. The ego-defense function was generally dormant until triggered when climate change was discussed directly, but then served as a mechanism for protecting the value-expressive and social adjustive functions. The timeliness and importance of the paper’s insights have been amplified by the need to rebuild post-COVID aviation for a climate safe future.
Nostalgia and temporal self-appraisal: Divergent evaluations of past and present selves

ABSTRACT The present research examined how nostalgia influences temporal self-appraisals and whether those appraisals relate to current mood. Across two studies, participants recalled either an ordinary or nostalgic memory and provided appraisals of their present and past selves. Participants who recalled nostalgic memories evaluated their past selves more positively than their present selves, whereas the reverse occurred for those who recalled ordinary memories. Those who recalled a positive future event also evaluated their future selves more positively than their present selves. Nostalgia simultaneously enhanced positive mood by heightening favorable evaluations of past selves and diminished positive mood by heightening unfavorable evaluations of present selves. The current work supports a temporal-selves framework that allows for a more nuanced portrait of the nostalgic experience.
Under the shadow of the state: Media framing of attacks on West Papuan students on Indonesian online media

The attack on the West Papua student dormitory in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, on 16 August 2019 by the Islamic Defender Fronts (FPI), Communication Forum for Retired Children of the Indonesian Military/ Police (FKPPI) and Pancasila Youth (PP) sharpened Indonesia’s crisis with West Papua. The baldly racist attack then ignited repression, as well as demonstrations from West Papuans in various cities. In such a crisis, Indonesian online media does not provide proportional voices from West Papuan society. That adds to a record of how bad the practice of journalism related to West Papua so far appears to be. This study conducted a quantitative framing analysis, examining the number of reports, use of resource persons and the use of framing of crisis in the news, on six Indonesian online media: okezone. com, detik.com, kompas.com, tribunnews.com, cnnindonesia.com and tirto. id in the period of August 16-31, 2019. From the 2,471 news reports, it can be seen that most of the main news sources used by the media are from the government and the apparatus and police. West Papuan society received only scant coverage compared with the range of news of the attacks on West Papua student dormitories and their effects. The dominant crisis frames that appear in the news are the frame of attribution of responsibility and frame of conflict. The frame of human interest, frame of morality and frame of economic take the bottom three positions.