Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A productive exposition for the thermal post buckling problem of orthotropic circular plates by using relevant admissible function for lateral displacement

A suitable mathematical formulation is used to study the thermal post buckling problem of orthotropic circular plates is presented herein. The total energy equation is reduced by assuming algebraic function for lateral displacement w . The radial tension per unit length is calculated by substituting the value of orthotropic parameter under simply supported and clamped boundary conditions. The thermal post buckling load carrying capacity of the plate is evaluated using integrated average for various values of orthotropic parameter β, and the numerical results obtained from the present investigation are compared with the results obtained from the known literatures. The results obtained for both cases are concurs well with reference values and the numerical results using integrated average shows more accurate values for the post buckling load.
Spatial‐time variability and conservation relevance of plant communities in Mediterranean temporary wet habitats: A case study in Sardinia (Italy)

This research was undertaken with the aim of improving our knowledge of the floristic composition and spatial‐temporal dynamics of plant communities in Mediterranean temporary wet habitats, and to evaluate the diversity and conservation relevance of their plant assemblages. Three different types of temporary wet habitats were monitored throughout the growing season: large temporary ponds (lTPs), small temporary ponds (sTPs), and rock pools (RPs). lTPs presented a small‐scale zonation arranged in an inner, an intermediate, and a peripheral belt. A total of 98 species were recorded, of which 40 were classified as temporary wet habitat (TWH) specialists and 24 as rare. Eight different groups of plant assemblages were identified presenting space–time dynamics related to water‐depth variations and flooding period. In terms of diversity, the most relevant assemblages were located in the outer belt of the lTPs and in the sTPs. The mosaic of different assemblages and their time‐variability determined the presence of several types of habitats of community interest according to the Habitat Directive. This wide heterogeneity should be taken into account to ensure that all types of TWHs are considered in conservation programmes.
Species of Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) and other nematode genera associated with insects from Pinus pinaster in Portugal

Insects associated with maritime pine, Pinus pinaster, in Portugal were collected and screened for the presence of Bursaphelenchus species. Nematodes were identified using Internal Transcribed Spacers-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (ITS-RFLP) analysis of dauer juveniles and morphological identification of adults that developed from dauer juveniles on fungal cultures or on cultures in pine wood segments at 26°C. Several associations are described: Bursaphelenchus teratospicularis and Bursaphelenchus sexdentati are associated with Orthotomicus erosus; Bursaphelenchus tusciae, B. sexdentati and/or Bursaphelenchus pinophilus with Hylurgus ligniperda and Bursaphelenchus hellenicus with Tomicus piniperda, Ips sexdentatus and H. ligniperda. An unidentified Bursaphelenchus species is vectored by Hylobius sp. The previously reported association of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus with Monochamus galloprovincialis was confirmed. The association of Bursaphelenchus leoni with Pityogenes sp. is not definitively established and needs further studies for clarification. Other nematode genera besides Bursaphelenchus were found to be associated with the insects sampled, including two different species of Ektaphelenchus, Parasitorhabditis sp. , Parasitaphelenchus sp. , Contortylenchus sp. and other unidentified nematodes. The Ektaphelenchus species found in O. erosus is morphologically similar to B. teratospicularis found in the same insect; adults of both the species are found in cocoon-like structures under the elytra of the insects.
Cloning and identification of symbiosis-regulated genes from the ectomycorrhizal Laccaria bicolor

An in vitro conifer ectomycorrhizal model system was developed to study changes in gene expression during the establishment of symbiotic relationship. Using the model system and the mRNA differential display technique, we have identified cDNA clones from Laccaria bicolor that appear to be involved in establishing and maintaining the symbiotic relationship between L. bicolor and red pine. These differentially expressed cDNA clones were obtained from mRNA extracted from the fungus 6-24 h after initiation of interaction. BLAST analysis showed that sequences of these clones did not match with any of the previously characterized genes. The cDNAs had regions with varying degrees of similarity to genes involved in signal transduction and transcriptional activation.
Effects of extracted Si from rice hull ash on rice seed germination and growth

The silicone (abbreviated Si) extracted from rice hull ash by base-dissolving acidification method was used to analyse its effect on rice seed germination and growth with different concentrations through germination and pot culture experiment. Results showed that within a Si concentration range from 4 to 16%, both total absorption area and active absorption area of rice roots increased with the decreasing of Si concentration, the highest value of absorption area was at treatment B with Si content 8% diluted 300 times, followed by diluted 400 times and the lowest value was at treatment D diluted 100 times. Leaf chlorophyll content also showed similar trends as root absorption area when the Si content was lower than 8%. By foliar spraying of two materials – one (Si) was from rice hull ash and the other (Si fertiliser) was from Si liquid – the characteristics of rice growth changed from control: the heading stage of rice advanced two to three days and yield increased by 19.6% on average, which were significant differences. Extracted Si from rice hull ash has the same molecular structure as the conventional Si liquid fertiliser, increasing one or two dumbbell Si cells on the surface of a leaf. The results showed that when the level of Si reached 8% and the dilution was from 300 to 500 times, it could promote the seed vigour, and it was beneficial to seed germination and rice growth. It was found important to reuse rice hull ash for agriculture.
Durability of Pacific Northwest Instream Structures Following Floods

Abstract The durability of 3,946 instream structures in 94 streams that had floods with return intervals exceeding 5 years were assessed. Overall structure durability (defined as the degree to which a structure remained at its original location) was high; less than 20% of the sampled structures had been removed from the site of original placement. The magnitude of flood events had a significant effect on structure durability with higher magnitude floods reducing durability. Stream order also affected structure durability; structures in large streams were 20 times more likely to have been removed from the site of original placement than structures in small streams. Other conditions that affected structure durability included location of the structure within the stream channel, whether the structure was anchored or not, structure material, and upslope landslide frequency. Instream structures are most appropriate when used as short-term tools to improve degraded stream conditions while activities that caused.
Diel vertical migration: A possible host-finding mechanism in salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) copepodids?

The vertical distribution of pelagic nauplii and copepodids of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kroyer was studied in large enclosures in the sea. Copepodids, which infect salmonid hosts, displayed a distinct diel vertical migration pattern. They gathered near the surface during the day, and spread out into deeper layers at night. Nauplii showed only small differences in depth between night and day. Copepodid distribution seems to be controlled by light intensity; no effect of either salinity or temperature was found. This migration pattern, which is the reverse of that of wild salmonids, may increase the number of parasite–host encounters as hosts will swim through populations of sinking (nighttime) and rising (dawn) parasites every 24 h. Because caged salmon feed at the surface during the day, they are likely to be more exposed to infective copepodids than wild fish.
Seasonal succession of epipelic algae: a case study on a mesotrophic pond in a temperate climate.

The seasonal succession of algal species in the epipelon of shallow, mesotrophic pond Bezednik (Czech Republic) with special attention to diatoms (particularly Sellaphora) is described. The composition of epipelic algal assemblages changed over time in both higher taxonomic groupings and species representations. Spring and autumn were characterized by a dominance of diatoms; euglenophytes had their maximum in June and cyanobacteria were typical for the summer season. The occurrence of algal species also correlated with water temperature. However, although the growth of some species was restricted to a particular month, other species or species complexes had more extended growth periods. The genus Sellaphora has been selected to demonstrate variation in temporal distribution within species complexes.
Genetic Variation in Flowering Cherries (Prunus subgenus Cerasus) Characterized by SSR Markers

Genetic variation among flowering cherries (Prunus subgenus Cerasus) was characterized by SSR markers developed from peach, sweet cherry and sour cherry, using a total of 144 individuals from 15 taxa. Twenty-five out of 85 SSR markers showed amplification in all tested samples, indicating that 29% of SSRs developed from related species could be transferred to flowering cherries. In contrast, 25 SSRs gave no amplification for any tested samples. The mean number of alleles per locus and the mean number of ne (the effective number of alleles per locus) assessed by 9 transferable SSRs were 17.3 and 7.3, respectively. All but 2 individuals were distinguished by 9 SSR loci. Genetic variation among flowering cherries was higher than that in peach and sweet cherry cultivars. On the other hand, the mean number of alleles per locus on each taxon ranged from 1.9 to 7.7, suggesting that each taxon accounted for a rather small part of the variation of flowering cherries. A phenogram of 144 individuals and a phenogram of 14 taxa based on SSR analysis were constructed. Many taxa were clustered in the sections to which they belong. Four taxa of section Incisae were closely related. Two taxa of section Apetalae were also closely related. P. maximowiczii and P. pendula f. ascendens were distant from the other Japanese taxa. These results were in good accordance with the morphological classification. We found the SSR markers developed from related species useful for evaluating the genetic variation and clustering flowering cherries.
Kompetensi Kewirausahaan dan Motivasi Kewirausahaan dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Usaha

The purpose of the research is to find out the influence of entrepreneurship competence on business performance, the influence of entrepreneurshp motivation on business performance, and the influence of entrepreneurship competence and entrepreneurshp motivation on business performance. The object becomes the unit of analysis in this research is the Saung Angklung Udjo craftsman. The type of study is using verificative with the method is using an explanatory survey of 30 respondents. The results of this research found that the description of entrepreneurial competence in the high category, the description of entrepreneurial motivation in the strong category, description of business performance in the medium category. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that entrepreneurial competence be improved, namely the dimensions of competence in managing business that need to be improved and deepened so that the performance of angklung craftsmen increases and can create higher business opportunities. In entrepreneurial motivation, Saung Angklung Udjo craftsmen in Bandung need to be improved in the need for affiliation, where craftsmen must be able to communicate better with coworkers and consumers.
Restoration of a Limestone Quarry: Effect of Soil Amendments on the Establishment of Native Mediterranean Sclerophyllous Shrubs

Limestone quarries are spread over the Mediterranean Basin and have a strong environmental impact on the landscape, causing vegetation losses and soil losses. A reclamation project was conducted in a limestone quarry, situated in Arrábida Natural Park (southwest Portugal), that is dominated by mediterranean vegetation. Revegetation was conducted using three evergreen sclerophyllous shrub species (Ceratonia siliqua, Olea europaea, and Pistacia lentiscus), and new techniques were assayed to improve plant water status and nutrient status during the first phases after plantation. A water‐holding polymer (gel), fertilizer, and mycorrhiza inoculum were applied in a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design. The success of these techniques was evaluated during 1.5 years, through monitoring of growth and ecophysiology of plants. Plant survival was high, the lowest values (95%) being recorded in C. siliqua. There were species‐specific responses to the treatments applied. Ceratonia siliqua showed the highest growth rates and was the only species with growth stimulated by fertilizer application. However, the application of fertilizer induced changes in leaf characteristics of the other two species, increasing chlorophyll and nitrogen contents. Mycorrhiza inoculum had no effect on plant response. The addition of the water‐holding polymer induced higher midday plant water potentials in C. siliqua, O. europaea, and P. lentiscus, but in the latter two species the simultaneous addition of gel and fertilizer induced the lowest water potentials. The addition of fertilizer and gel is recommended in future revegetation programs but not the combination of both when revegetating with O. europaea and P. lentiscus. The results of this experiment indicate that the use of these mediterranean species, adapted to nutrient and water stress, can circumvent harsh conditions of the quarry.
Water relations and productivity of alfalfa leaf chlorophyll variants

Plant improvement to increase the water-use efficiency of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been limited. This study compared leaf color variants (pale and dark) to evaluate the effect of alfalfa leaf chlorophyll on water relations and yield of alfalfa. Leaf color populations were selected from «Ladak 65» and visually selected subpopulations evaluated under controlled-environment and field conditions
Use of biochemical and DNA diagnostics for characterising multiple mechanisms of insecticide resistance in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer).

The peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) can resist a range of insecticides by over-producing detoxifying esterase and having mutant-insensitive forms of the target proteins, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and the sodium channel. Using a combination of bioassays, biochemical and DNA diagnostics, it is now possible to diagnose all three mechanisms in individual aphids, and thereby establish their spatial distributions and temporal dynamics. A survey of 58 samples of wide geographic origin showed that all 46 resistant clones had amplified esterase genes (E4 or FE4) conferring broad-spectrum resistance to pyrethroids, organophosphates and carbamates. These occurred in combination with insensitive AChE (11 clones), conferring resistance to pirimicarb and triazamate, and/or mutant sodium channel genes (25 clones), conferring knockdown (kdr) resistance to pyrethroids and DDT. Amplified esterase genes were in linkage disequilibrium with both insensitive AChE and the kdr mutation, reflecting tight physical linkage, heavy selection favouring aphids with multiple mechanisms, and/or the prominence of parthenogenesis in many M. persicae populations. An ability to monitor individual mechanisms with contrasting cross-resistance profiles has important implications for the development of resistance management recommendations.
Soil selenium uptake and root system development in plant taxa differing in Se-accumulating capability.

• Phytoremediation of Se-contaminated soils and sediments may be more feasible if accumulating taxa are identified that can extract the more refractory forms of Se. • In a glasshouse study, the capacity of six plant genotypes to take up labile and nonlabile soil Se was evaluated by amending five high-Se soils (2-21 mg kg-1 total Se) with carrier-free 75 Se, and cropping them with Astragalus bisulcatus, Astragalus canadensis, Brassica juncea, Sporobolus airoides, and two ecotypes of Stanleya pinnata. • The biologically labile pool of soil Se (L-value) was computed from the isotopic signature of the harvested shoots, and ranged from 2 to 37% of the total soil Se. The chemically labile pool (E-value) was determined via extraction in 0.1 m KCl, and ranged from 4 to 73% of total soil Se. None of the plants tested yielded L-values that were consistently greater than the E-values, suggesting that all plants, including Se hyperaccumulators, access the same labile pools of Se. • Root-growth experiments in rhizoboxes using Se-enriched soil were also performed. Although our observations were not as striking as those made for the Zn(Cd)-accumulator Thlaspi caerulescens, the tendency for roots of some Se-accumulators to proliferate in soil where Se is present deserves further investigation.
Comparison of macular parameters in primary open angle glaucoma patients using cirrus optical coherence tomography

Aim: To compare macular parameters using Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with the normal subjects. Materials and Methods: This observational case control study included primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients (n = 184 eyes) and healthy subjects in the control group (n = 184 eyes). All subjects underwent detailed history, complete ocular examination. Complete ocular examination included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness, Gonioscopy, and dilated fundus biomicroscopy. Field analysis was done by white on white Humphrey Field Analyzer (Carl Zeiss). Optical coherence tomography imaging of macular area was performed using Cirrus HDOCT. (Cirrus HDOCT MODEL 4000, Carl Zeiss, Meditec Inc. Dublin CA, 94568). In both these groups, parameters analyzed were central macular thickness (CMT), inner inferior macular thicknesses (IIMT), inner superior macular thicknesses (ISMT),inner nasal macular thicknesses (INMT), inner temporal macular thicknesses (ITMT), and central macular volume (CMV). Results: The POAG group had significantly decreased values of CMT, IIMT, ISMT, INMT, ITMT and CMV compared to control group, Thus, macular thickness and volume parameters may be used for making the diagnosis of glaucoma especially in patients with abnormalities of disc. Statistical analysis done using student t-test. SPSS 13.0 software was used to calculate p value. There was statistically significant difference found in all macular parameters between cases and controls. (p=0.001). Conclusion: Macular parameters, such as total macular volume, inner macular thickness and outer macular thickness can be used in addition to RNFL thickness to aid in the diagnosis of early glaucoma using OCT, in certain conditions, where RNFL parameters may be distorted, such as disk abnormalities or peripapillary atrophy macular parameters may be relied upon. Macular thickness parameters showed thinning in diagnosed cases of glaucoma.
Combining Ability and Genotype×Environmental Interaction in Early Maturing Grain Sorghum for Summer Seeding

Heterosis, general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA), and their effects were studied for six major characters in a diallel mating system in early maturing sorghum by sowing in spring and summer. The GCA and SCA effects were highly significant for all traits studied. Some parents were identified having high positive GCA for grain yield, and low or negative GCA for culm length and days to heading which were considered as good combiners. High positive heterosis in grain yield was found for more than half of the hybrids studied. Several cross combinations had high grain yield heterosis, negative days to heading heterosis, low culm length heterosis and good performance. Genotype×seeding time interaction effect was significant for grain yield, culm length and days to heading. Genotype×planting density interaction effect was significant for grain yield in spring seeding but not in summer seeding. It is suggested that the selection of good genotypes adapted for summer sowing could be applied to either 10 or 20 cm planting densities but must be carried out in summer seeding. Some hybrids were proposed as promising cultivars if sorghum is grown after an early-season rice crop.
Constitutive Coumarin Accumulation on Sunflower Leaf Surface Prevents Rust Germ Tube Growth and Appressorium Differentiation

Resistance against sunflower rust incited by Puccinia helianthi Schwein was characterized in three sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes: AMES 18925 that was highly resistant; AMES 3442, partially resistant; and Hysun 33, susceptible. Microscopic studies showed a differential rust development on the genotypes. Impairment of rust spore germination and of appressorium formation was observed only in the resistant genotype. A differential excretion of coumarins to the leaf surface was also observed among genotypes, with the highest levels corresponding to the most resistant genotype and the lowest to the most susceptible. Impairment of rust germ tube growth and of appressorium formation was associated with the excreted level of ayapin. Reduction in germination frequency was not associated with coumarins but probably to other phenolic compounds present at higher concentrations in the resistant than in the susceptible genotype.
A survey of anthocyanin pigments in seedling legumes

Light-grown seedlings of 88 species of legumes were examined for anthocyanins. No red pigmentation developed in 22 species. In nearly all the 66 pigmented species, the red color was subepidermally located. Pigment determination of 40 species showed cyanidin glycosides to be the most common. In five of seven species of Phaseolus and the closely related Glycine max, however, malvidin glucoside was predominant. In four of five species of Vicia as well as in two species of Phaseolus, delphinidin glycosides were the major pigments.
Xylanase production with xylan rich lignocellulosic wastes by a local soil isolate of Trichoderma viride.

In the present study, cultural and nutritional conditions for enhanced production of xylanase by a local soil isolate of Trichoderma viride, using various lignocellulosic substrates in submerged culture fermentation have been optimized. Of the lignocellulosics used, maize straw was the best inducer followed by jowar straw for xylanase production. The highest activity achieved was between 14 to 17 days of fermentation. A continuous increase in xylanase production was observed with increasing level of lignocellulosics in the medium and highest activity was observed with maize straw at 5% level. Xylanase production with higher levels of lignocellulosics (3 to 5%) of maize, jowar and barseem was found to be higher as compared to that with commercial xylan as carbon source. Sodium nitrate was the best nitrogen source among the six sources used. Maximum xylanase production was achieved with initial medium pH of 3.5-4.0 and incubation temperature of 25oC.The enzyme preparation was effective in bringing about saccharification of different lignocellulosics. The xylanase production could be further improved by using alkali treated straw as carbon source.