Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Functional Errors Produced by Long-Term Workload-Dependent BTI Degradation in Ultralow Power Processors

Aging effects in digital circuits change the switching characteristics of their transistors, resulting in timing violations that can lead to functional errors at the system level. In particular, bias temperature instability (BTI) is a degradation effect that changes the threshold voltage of transistors. Its effect is more prevalent as the scaling of transistor dimensions progresses. In this work, we present a method to enable defect-centric long-term modeling of BTI degradation that takes into account the effects of concrete workloads at the processor data path level. Based on this study, we propose a novel design flow to link the impact of BTI degradation at the transistor ( ${\Delta {}V_{\text {th}}}$ ), processor data path (e.g., maximum frequency) and application-functionality levels. This flow may be used to improve system correctness over the entire device lifetime, avoiding unsafe working points, or to achieve a graceful degradation of system characteristics. Our design flow is applicable to all types of digital circuits, including high-performance processors. However, in this specific work we focus on the domain of biosignal processing applications for wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs), the pseudoperiodic nature of which interacts with the partially recoverable nature of BTI. Our results in this domain show, for a 32-nm implementation, a variation of up to 54.6 mV in the threshold voltage of the circuit transistors after one year of continuous operation, with an impact of 8.4% in the maximum safe operating frequency. Such effects are expected to strongly worsen for longer lifetimes and more scaled technology nodes.
Energy-Efficient Formation Morphing for Collision Avoidance in a Swarm of Drones

Two important aspects in dealing with autonomous navigation of a swarm of drones are collision avoidance mechanism and formation control strategy; a possible competition between these two modes of operation may have negative implications for success and efficiency of the mission. This issue is exacerbated in the case of distributed formation control in leader-follower based swarms of drones since nodes concurrently decide and act through individual observation of neighbouring nodes’ states and actions. To dynamically handle this duality of control, a plan of action for multi-priority control is required. In this paper, we propose a method for formation-collision co-awareness by adapting the thin-plate splines algorithm to minimize deformation of the swarm’s formation while avoiding obstacles. Furthermore, we use a non-rigid mapping function to reduce the lag caused by such maneuvers. Simulation results show that the proposed methodology maintains the desired formation very closely in the presence of obstacles, while the response time and overall energy efficiency of the swarm is significantly improved in comparison with the existing methods where collision avoidance and formation control are only loosely coupled. Another important result of using non-rigid mapping is that the slowing down effect of obstacles on the overall speed of the swarm is significantly reduced, making our approach especially suitable for time critical missions.
Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis on Quench Behavior of Indium-Tin Soldered REBCO Composite Conductor

The second-generation high-temperature superconductor REBCO is one of the most valuable candidates that meet the requirements of future magnetic confinement fusion device. Quench behavior of an improved high-current REBCO composite conductor is simulated by a 1-D finite element method. Indium-tin alloy foil placed in the gap between stabilizer, jacket, and superconducting tape stacks can significantly reduce thermal contact resistance, which leads to an increase on the minimum quench energy of composite conductor. Short perturbations have a better response to this improvement than long perturbations, due to the low normal zone propagation velocity (NZPV) of REBCO conductor. For short perturbation (perturbation length ($l_{p}$ = 0.1 m), the peak temperature in cable and helium drops 12.76 and 17.99%, respectively, after soldered. Due to the change of heat transfer in a composite conductor caused by helium wave propagation, the development and maximum length of normal zone significantly decrease from 13.06 to 4.78 m under long perturbation ($l_{p}$ = 10 m) circumstance. High current REBCO composite conductor with proper indium-tin alloy soldered can enhance the stability and safety of composite conductors under severe working conditions, but it also slows down the NZPV and hinders the quench detection of high-temperature superconducting magnet.
Antenna Selection for Non-orthogonal Multiple Access with Space Time Block Codes

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has drawn much attention since the resources for wireless communications are getting scarce with the rapid growth of data traffic and multiple services. To enlarge the capacity and combat the multi-path fading, the technique of multiple-input multiple-out (MIMO) is introduced into NOMA system. However, the superior performance comes at the price of expensive RF chains. Moreover, the computational complexity of AS should not be neglected. To this end, a novel AS algorithm is proposed to approach exhaustive search with less complexity. Furthermore, the general STBC design is introduced in MIMO-NOMA system, and the performances are evaluated in terms of the sum rate and outage probability.
Mining Spatial-Temporal Similarity for Visual Tracking

Correlation filter (CF) is a critical technique to improve accuracy and speed in the field of visual object tracking. Despite being studied extensively, most existing CF methods suffer from failing to make the most of the inherent spatial-temporal prior of videos. To address this limitation, as consecutive frames are eminently resemble in most videos, we investigate a novel scheme to predict targets’ future state by exploiting previous observations. Specifically, in this paper, we propose a prediction based CF tracking framework by learning the spatial-temporal similarity of consecutive frames for sample managing, template regularization, and training response pre-weighting. We model the learning problem theoretically as a novel objective and provide effective optimization algorithms to solve the learning task. In addition, we implement two CF trackers with different features. Extensive experiments are conducted on three popular benchmarks to validate our scheme. The encouraging results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can significantly boost the accuracy of CF tracking, and the two trackers achieve competitive performances against state-of-the-art trackers. We finally present a comprehensive analysis on the efficacy of our proposed method and the efficiency of our trackers to facilitate real-world visual tracking applications.
Chromosome rearrangements in Belostoma plebejum (Stål) (Belostomatidae, Heteroptera)

SUMMARYCytogenetic analysis of different populations of Belostoma plebejum (2n = 14 + XY, male) has revealed the presence of two naturally occurring chromosome mutants: one heterozygous for an autosomal fusion, and the other with a sex chromosome fragmentation. Meiosis in both individuals is very regular. The fusion heterozygote (2n = 13 + XY) presented an autosomal trivalent at meiosis I, which divided reductionally at first anaphase; cells at meiosis II had 6 or 7 autosomes plus the XY pseudo-bivalent. The other chromosome mutant presented three sex chromosomes, which probably resulted from the fragmentation of the original X chromosome (2n = 14 + X1X2Y). The three sex chromosomes divided equationally at anaphase I and associated in a chain at metaphase II. Many authors are of the opinion that karyotype evolution in Heteroptera has proceeded principally by fusions and fragmentations. Particularly in Belostoma, it has been proposed that evolution from the ancestral number 2n = 26 + XY has occurred throug.
Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana with selected fungicides and herbicides

The effects of 6 fungicides (chlorothalonil, maneb, thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, metalaxyl+mancozeb and zineb) and two herbicides (diquat and glufosinate-ammonium) used commercially in potato fields were evaluated in vitro on Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, a fungal pathogen of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). All 6 fungicides tested along with the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium inhibited B. bassiana mycelial growth and sporulation. However, the 2nd herbicide tested, diquat, had no noticable effect on B. bassiana mycelial growth and sporulation. Remarkably, diquat synergized the insecticidal activity of B. bassiana in the simultaneous treatments on Colorado potato beetle adults and caused 50–76.6% mortality.
Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnancy: An Update on Evidence-Based Management

Importance Vertical hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission is the important route of chronic HBV infection. Although infant immunoprophylaxis is effective, a significant number of infants still become infected, most are associated with intrauterine infection. New evidences support intrauterine treatment in cases of high risk. Objective The aim of this study was to review the current evidences and recommendations for management of HBV infection in pregnancy. Evidence Acquisition Original research articles, review articles, and guidelines were reviewed. Results The management can be summarized as follows: (1) all pregnant women should be screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HBsAg. High-risk HBsAg-negative pregnant women without immunity should be vaccinated during pregnancy. (2) HBsAg-positive pregnant women should undergo further workup for liver status and indicative factors for immunoprophylaxis failure. (3) Pregnant women should be treated with HBV DNA levels greater than 200,000 IU/mL or 6 log copies/mL. (4) Antiviral drug should be started around 28 to 32 weeks. The first-line drug is tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. (5) Delivery route should be chosen based only on obstetric indications. (6) Breastfeeding is not contraindicated because it does not increase the risk of transmission in neonates with HBV vaccine and immunoglobulin administration. (7) Neonates born to HBsAg-positive mothers should receive HBV vaccine and immunoglobulin after birth as soon as possible. (8) Follow-up of the mothers and neonates is important. Beware of hepatitis flare after birth and after antiretroviral drug discontinuation; alanine transaminase assessment every 1 to 3 months until 6 months is suggested. Also, the schedule of infant vaccination and follow-up of serologic testing at 9 to 12 months old is needed. Target Audience Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians Learning Objectives After the completion of this review, the learners should be better able to summarize updated knowledge of infant immunoprophylaxis failure; outline how to manage pregnancy with HBV infection, both antepartum and postpartum period; and describe advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used antiviral drugs.
Reviews on Current Liquid Biopsy for Detection and Management of Pancreatic Cancers

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Pancreatic cancer presents dismal clinical outcomes in patients, and the incidence of pancreatic cancer has continuously increased to likely become the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths by as early as 2030. One of main reasons for the high mortality rate of pancreatic cancer is the lack of tools for early-stage detection. Current practice in detecting and monitoring therapeutic response in pancreatic cancer relies on imaging analysis and invasive endoscopic examination. Liquid biopsy–based analysis of genetic alterations in biofluids has become a fundamental component in the diagnosis and management of cancers. There is an urgent need for scientific and technological advancement to detect pancreatic cancer early and to develop effective therapies. The development of a highly sensitive and specific liquid biopsy tool will require extensive understanding on the characteristics of circulating tumor DNA in biofluids. Here, we have reviewed the current status of liquid biopsy in detecting and monitoring pancreatic cancers and our understanding of circulating tumor DNA that should be considered for the development of a liquid biopsy tool, which will greatly aid in the diagnosis and healthcare of people at risk.
Behind the Mask: An Exploratory Assessment of Female Surgeons’ Experiences of Gender Bias

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Though overt sexism is decreasing, women now experience subtle, often unconscious, gender bias as microaggressions. The authors sought to explore the prevalence and impact of the sexist microaggressions female surgeons experience, using a sequential exploratory mixed methods approach (January 2018–April 2018), to identify opportunities for education and prevention. First, all resident, fellow, and attending female surgeons at the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center (UNM HSC) were invited to participate in focus groups conducted by experienced moderators using a semistructured interview guide based on the 7 Sexist Microaggressions Experiences and Stress Scale (Sexist MESS) domains. Qualitative analysis was performed using line-by-line manual coding to identify themes aligned with the Sexist MESS domains as well as other gender bias experiences of female surgeons. Next, a survey was sent to all resident, fellow, and attending female surgeons at the UNM HSC, which included the Sexist MESS questionnaire and questions related to surgeon-specific experiences of gender bias that the authors developed based on major thematic categories from the focus groups. Four focus groups of 23 female surgeons were conducted, revealing 4 themes: exclusion, increased effort, adaptation, and resilience to workplace slights. The survey response rate was 64% (65/101 surgeons). Across Sexist MESS domains, the frequency and severity of microaggressions was higher for trainees than attendings. The variables of non-White race/ethnicity, having children under 18, and fellowship training generally did not demonstrate statistical significance. This exploratory study adds to the growing body of evidence that gender bias in surgery continues and frequently manifests as microaggressions. Trainees reported the highest rates and severity of microaggressions and bias experiences. Further research should investigate how to address microaggressions, the experiences of male surgeons, the perspectives of medical students and groups who were reported as often perpetuating gender bias, and the efficacy of possible interventions.
The carbon turnover response to thermal stress of a dominant coralline alga on the fast warming Levant coast

Marine organisms in the Mediterranean Sea experience the highest temperatures, salinities and oligotrophic conditions in its easternmost part along the eastern shores of the Levantine basin. Over the past three decades this region has warmed by ca. 1.5–3.0°C with current winter and summer extremums of 17°C and 31°C, respectively. In this study, we tested the response of the native abundant articulated coralline red alga Ellisolandia elongata to this warming. Coralline algae play a key role in coastal ecosystems by structuring marine habitats, providing shelter for a myriad of species, and substantially influencing the coastal carbon budget. Despite being ubiquitous along the Levantine coasts, coralline's ecology, physiology, and biogeochemical role are nearly unknown as well as their performance under different temperatures. Measurements of primary production, respiration and calcification in the temperatures range 15–35°C, which represent past, present and predicted local annual conditions, indicated two physiological tipping points: 1) metabolic breakdown above 31°C; 2) metabolic shift at 23°C, possibly promoting seasonal algal heterotrichy (perennation of the alga without its fronds). Annual production rates were evaluated under the current and predicted temperature regimes indicating a loss of ca. one third of the organic carbon and carbonate production by corallines contributed to the shallow Levantine coast in the upcoming decades. We predict that with continued warming, Eastern Mediterranean corallines will experience a westward range contraction, initiating with phenological shifts, followed by performance declines and population decreases, ending with local extinctions.
Relative abundance of food in winter for Newfoundland caribou

Information on the winter feeding behaviour of caribou Rangifer tarandus Bangs in Newfoundland and the relative abundance of food available to them in winter are presented. Sight and smell were used to locate food beneath the snow. Tall shrubs showing above the snow appeared to increase lichen availability by providing air vents. A comparison of absolute abundance of food, based on percentage of ground surface covered with plants, and the relative abundance of food in winter, based on species composition in feeding craters, indicated that shrubs were consumed more than the absolute abundance suggested. Shrubs and terrestrial lichens were consumed more on a lichen woodland range than on a subalpine range, even though caribou densities were similar. Snow was softer and shrubs taller on the lichen woodland range than the subalpine; these factors probably increased the relative abundance of shrubs and lichens in winter.
Overwintering Activity of Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina) in South Carolina

paedogenic Ambystoma tigrinum during vitellogenesis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 26:149-154. RUIBAL, R. , L. TEVIS, JR., AND V. ROIG. 1969. The terrestrial ecology of the spadefoot toad Scaphiopus hammondi. Copeia 1969:571-584. SAS INSTITUTE, INC. 1982. SAS user's guide: statistics. Cary, North Carolina. 584 pp. SEYMOUR, R. S. 1973a. Physiological correlates of forced activity and burrowing in the spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus hammondi. Copeia 1973:103-115. 1973b. Energy metabolism of dormant spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus). Copeia 1973:435-445. SOKAL, R. R. , AND F. J. ROHLF. 1981. Biometry, 2nd ed. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, California.
Competition between larval Rana palustris and Bufo americanus is not affected by variation in reproductive phenology

Larval Rana palustris and Bufo americanus were raised in 27 experimental ponds. Each species was introduced to the ponds at seven different times relative to the time of introduction of the other species. Density of conspecifics affected the growth rates of both species. Density of Bufo affected the growth rate of Rana. Neither species responded to the relative time of introduction of the other species. Bufo that hatched and were introduced to ponds earlier had higher survival rates, longer larval periods, and emerged at small sizes than Bufo that were introduced later. They apparently responded to their own density with altered rates of growth and development. Bufo metamorphic timing may also have been influenced by changes in environmental temperature. Bufo americanus and R. palustris frequently occur in the same ponds in nature, and the eggs used in the experiment were collected from the same pond. The low level of interspecific competition may reflect coadaptation to avoid competition.
Relationship and Interaction Between Anaerobic Sports Branches and Serum Nesfatin 1

Objective: Nesfatin-1, an important molecule for energy balance, is a toughness molecule in the hypothalamus comprising 82 amino acids and having a molecular weight of 9.7 kDa. We investigated whether the level of Nesfatin-1 in athletes before and after anaerobic exercise is affected by engaging in competitive and challenging sports, such as athletics, boxing, and taekwondo. Material and Methods: Blood samples from a group of athletes who engaged in the aforementioned sports were collected in biochemical tubes. Nesfatin-1 concentrations were determined using a commercially available ELISA kit and the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. The Wilcoxon-signed rank, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney U tests were performed. Significance levels were set at 0.01 and 0.05. Results: Nesfatine-1 level is found to be significantly different before and after the anaerobic competition exercise in athletics, boxing and taekwondo sportsmen that maintain their active sport experience except sedentary group belongs to anaerobic exercise (path letics= 0.00, p<0.05; pboxing= 0.00, p<0.05; ptaekwondo=0.00, p<0.05). While this significant difference were seen between the all groups and sedentary group, significant changes were also seen before and after the competition exercise in all group’s Nesfatin-1 levels. Conclusion: The increase in Nesfatin-1 levels may depend on the level of hunger emerging at and immediately after exercising or a neuromuscular stimulus reflex that restores energy balance after excessive energy production that occurs during exercise.
A carried military load increases the impact force and time of a front kick but reduces the peak velocity of the hip and shoulder of the kicking leg

Background and Study Aim: Wearing of protective equipment and a backpack is a crucial factor that influences velocity and dynamic forces during the front kick, which is largely described in unloaded conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was the knowledge about the effects of wearing a ballistic vest and backpack on the peak velocity and dynamic forces during the front kick. Material and Methods: Twenty-five male soldiers (27.7 ±7.2 yr, 83.8 ±6.1 kg, 180.5 ±6.5 cm) performed six individual front kicks with no carried load (NL) and with 30-kg loads composed of military equipment (WL) (boots and rifle = 3 kg, ballistic vest =12 kg and backpack = 15 kg). The 3D kinematics and kinetics were used to estimate the kick velocity and dynamic forces of the front kicks. Peak force (N), impulse (N·s), time to reach peak force (s), time of the kick (s) and peak velocity of the foot (PFV), knee (PKV), hip (PHV) and shoulder (PSV) of the kick (m·s-1) were measured. Data were analyzed using the ICC, Wilcoxon paired test or paired sample t-tests, correlation coefficient and Cohen’s d. The alpha level of significance was p<0.05. Results: Significant differences were found between the NL and WL conditions in PHV (p = 0.001; d = 0.79) and PSV (p<0.001; d = 0.60), impact (p = 0.045; d = 0.49) and time of the kick (p = 0.046, d = 0.23, respectively). The NL condition produces higher PHV and PSV and lower impact force and time of the kick. Conclusions: The 30-kg carried load reduces PHV and PSV and dynamic forces during the front kick. Therefore, individuals who execute a front kick while wearing a load of more than 30 kg should focus on strengthening the muscles associated with maintaining postural stability.
New myxomycete records from the Canary Islands

The volcanic Canary Islands constitute a biodiversity hotspot. Although our knowledge of the native flora and fauna species is extensive, the myxobiota of these islands is not so well-known. For this reason, we provide herein eight new records for the checklist of Canarian myxomycetes with accurate descriptions and macroand microphotographs. The specimens were collected in Tenerife during the months of November and December 1987. All of them are new to the Canary Islands.