Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTEGRATION OF PATHS—A FAITHFUL REPRE- SENTATION OF PATHS BY NONCOMMUTATIVE FORMAL POWER SERIES

in the noncommutative indeterminates X1, , Xm. The main result of this paper is briefly as follows: If 0(oa) =0() for two irreducible piecewise C' and continuous curves oa and f, then f can be obtained from oa by translation. We begin with considering curves in a differentiable manifold 9S. For the purpose of proving the main result, one may replace the manifold SR by the affine space 9jm in all arguments. The main result relies heavily upon Fundamental Lemma which asserts that, for each irreducible curve oa, there is some iterated integral not vanishing along oa. This lemma is indeed the center of this paper, and the majority of the definitions and lemmas in ? 1-3 are aimed at its proof. If wi, * * *, wm are differentials in a differentiable manifold 9N, then we may define for a curve oa in 91, the formal power series
The production and dispersal of marine aerosol

Field experiments concerned with the characteristics and variability of maritime aerosol have been conducted, over several years, at a coastal site on the island of South Uist, in the Outer Hebrides. In the primary experiments aerosol size distributions (radii r 0.08 to 16 μm) and basic meteorological parameters weremeas- ured from a 10m tower, for both maritime and continental air-streams. In all cases the volumetric aerosol loading V (μm3cm−3) increased rapidly with wind- speed U (ms−1 ) accordingto $$\ln (V) = aU + b,$$ where, for the larger aerosol in maritime air, a∼0.2 and b∼4. The size distributions could be sub-divided into two ranges separated at r∼0. 3μm, the lower corresponding to long-range aerosol and the higher to locally produced aerosol. In maritime air, this latter category is produced by bubble bursting.
On efficient probability forecasting systems

We study the asymptotic behaviour of probability forecasting systems, and discuss their usefulness as inferential tools for statistical problems such as model verification and selection. Our theoretical setting is the prequential, or predictive sequential, framework proposed by Dawid (1984). We study especially the notion of prequential efficiency of a forecasting system and present some new results. We focus on plug-in, or estimative, forecasting systems, where the forecast distribution is generated by replacing the unknown parameter with an estimate.
Compact multipliers on weighted hypergroup algebras

Abstract Let Mω(X) be a weighted hypergroup algebra, and Lω(X) be the Banach algebra of measures μ ε Mω(X) such that the function x ↦ (1/ω(x))δx* |μ| is norm continuous. We characterize compact multipliers on Lω(X). This extends the characterization of compact multipliers on weighted group algebras and some classes of weighted semigroup algebras.
Initial Oxide Particle Deposition Under Low-Temperature Cooling Water Conditions: Experiments Under Subcooled Boiling at High pH

The deposition behavior of colloidal corrosion-product particles under isothermal conditions and different modes of heat transfer at atmospheric pressure has been reported previously, under conditions where the particles and heat transfer surface had opposite electrostatic charges so the fouling process was under transport control. Reported here are observations from a recirculating loop of the deposition of nickel ferrite from suspension in alkaline water during subcooled boiling at the surface of an Alloy-800 tube. Control was nominally by attachment. The experiment involved tracing the particles with radioactive 60Co so that their accumulation on the tube could be monitored remotely. A radioactive scoping test lasting 147 h was followed by a test with three continuous, sequential periods when the surface radioactivity was monitored. The first, for 117 h, involved exposure to a ∼5-ppm suspension, followed by a 124-h exposure to a nominally identical but nonradioactive suspension, followed by a 68-h exposure to water nominally devoid of nickel ferrite. The deposition during the first period followed kinetics similar to those measured under transport control in previous experiments and could be described by a mechanistic model developed previously. The surface radioactivity during the second period decreased, even while nonradioactive particles continued to deposit, but tended toward an asymptotic value at a rate that suggested that consolidation of a large portion of the deposit occurred abruptly. The final period saw a further decrease in surface radioactivity, presumably due to dissolution and release of deposit in the solute-free environment. These results are described with a mathematical model and their implications are discussed in the context of the previous experiments.
A Monte Carlo Analysis of Alternative Estimators in Models Involving Selectivity

In a simultaneous-equation model involving selectivity, Monte Carlo and response-surface techniques are used to assess the performance of five estimators commonly applied to a behavioral equation conditioned on an endogenous binary selectivity decision. The estimators include least squares with an exogenous dummy variable for the selectivity decision, three two-stage estimators that employ the estimated probability of the selectivity decision, and full information maximum likelihood (FIML). Although formally inconsistent, least squares with dummy variables is found to perform nearly as well as FIML, based on mean squared error measures. All two-stage estimators are found to be seriously deficient in terms of robustness.
Electromagnetic modes in conical transmission lines with application to the linearly tapered slot antenna

A transmission line analysis of the bow-tie antenna and the linearly tapered slot antenna (LTSA) is presented. These structures belong to the class of conical transmission lines defined here in terms of conical coordinates. A complete set of solutions of the Helmholtz equation is obtained exhibiting TE and TM modes. Modal fields are expressed by Lame (1837) and Bessel-Schelkunoff functions. TE and TM eigenmode analysis is particularized to the bow-tie structure. Bow-tie antenna and LTSA are shown to be dual conical transmission lines by the image method and Babinet's principle. The modes of LTSA are calculated on the basis of the results obtained for the bow-tie structure. The radiation pattern of the LTSA is computed as the integral of a closed-form expression of the dyadic Green's function weighted by the modal electric field distribution over the slot aperture. The obtained dominant mode radiation patterns are validated by measurements from the literature. The radiation patterns of the first two-order modes are calculated and compared.
On the Study of the Mass Ratio of Spectroscopic Binaries

We present a new algorithm to derive the true mass-ratio distribution of an observed sample of spectroscopic binaries. The algorithm includes an iterative procedure in which each binary of unknown inclination is replaced by an ensemble of virtual systems with a distribution of inclinations. This work shows that contrary to a widely held assumption, the inclination angles of each virtual ensemble should not be distributed randomly in space. We also suggest a way to account for the observational selection effect associated with the inability to detect single-line spectroscopic binaries with low-amplitude radial-velocity modulation
Radiative preheat in laser produced aluminum plasma

The preheat of the cold substrate by the x rays generated in the coronal region of a laser produced aluminum plasma was calculated for a trapezoidal laser pulse in the intensity range I=1013–8×1014 W/cm2. The computer code incorporates nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (non‐LTE) radiation emission rates in the hot region and photoionization as the main photoabsorbing process in the cold compressed region. The temperature and the density variations of the photoionization cross section were accounted for. Black‐body radiation diffusion was also included. The results indicate the formation of a well‐defined radiation heated zone in the back portion (close to the ablation surface) of the shock wave. Comparisons were made on the effects of the x‐ray radiation and the black‐body diffusion on the shock wave propagation. The similarities and differences between x‐ray and fast electron preheat are also discussed. In a different set of computations an attempt was made to simulate the measurements of McLean et al. .
Instability of a solid-body rotating vortex in a two-layer model

The instability of an anticyclonic solid-body rotating eddy embedded on a quiescent environment is studied, for all possible values of the parameters of the unperturbed state, i.e. the vortex's relative thickness and rotation rate. The Coriolis force is fundamental for the existence of the eddy (because the pressure force has a centrifugal direction) and therefore this analysis pertains to the study of mesoscale vortices in the ocean or the atmosphere, as well as those in other planets. These eddies are known to be stable when the ‘second’ layer is assumed imperturbable (infinitely deep); however, here these vortices are found to be unstable in the more realistic case of an active environment layer, which may be arbitrarily thick. Three basic types of instability are found, classified according to the dynamic structure of the growing perturbation field, in both layers: baroclinic instability (Rossby-like in both layers), Sakai instability (Poincaré-like in the vortex layer and Rossby-like in the environment), and Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (Poincaré-like in both layers). In addition, there is a hybrid instability, which goes continuously from the baroclinic to the Sakai types, as the rotation rate is increased. The problem is constrained by the conservation of pseudoenergy and angular pseudomomentum, which are quadratic (to lowest order) in the perturbation. The requirement that both integrals of motion vanish for a growing disturbance, determines the structure of the latter in both layers. Furthermore, that constraint restricts the region, in parameter space, where each type of instability is present.
Effects of dc-dielectrophoretic force on particle trajectories in microchannels

A method of controlling the particle trajectory in a microchannel is demonstrated. The method utilizes the dc-dielectrophoretic (dc-DEP) force created around an insulating hurdle in a microchannel under an applied dc electric field. This method does not require a complicated electrode array which is commonly used in the conventional ac-DEP system. The “proof-of-principle” experiments were carried out using a straight microchannel with a rectangle-shaped hurdle in the middle. The experiments showed that the trajectories of the micron-sized particles can be controlled by the DEP force under electric-field strengths of 5–20kV∕m. To compare with the experimental results, the particle motion was simulated using the Lagrangian tracking method, taking into consideration of the electrophoretic force, the dielectrophoretic force, and the dielectric interaction between the particle and the channel wall. The numerical simulation based on the finite-element method showed a reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
Contrasting OLS and Quantile Regression Approaches to Student “Growth” Percentiles

Regression methods can locate student test scores in a conditional distribution, given past scores. This article contrasts and clarifies two approaches to describing these locations in terms of readily interpretable percentile ranks or “conditional status percentile ranks. ” The first is Betebenner’s quantile regression approach that results in “Student Growth Percentiles. ” The second is an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression approach that involves expressing OLS regression residuals as percentile ranks. The study describes the empirical and conceptual similarity of the two metrics in simulated and real-data scenarios. The metrics contrast in their scale-transformation invariance and sample size requirements but are comparable in their dependence on the number of prior years used as conditioning variables. These results support guidelines for selecting the model that best fits the data and have implications for the interpretations of these percentiles ranks as “growth” measures.
Analysis of Hysteresis Measurements in Epitaxial SRO/PZT/Pt Capacitor Structures

P-E hysteresis loops were measured in SrRuO3/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/Pt capacitor structures grown on (100) SrTiO3 single-crystal substrates using high-oxygen pressure on axis dc-sputtering technique. PZT films were grown by rf magnetron sputtering in a pure oxygen atmosphere. Capacitor structures with electrode areas of 5.0 × 10−4 and 6.5 × 10−3cm2 revealed clear hysteretic behavior. These hysteresis loops displayed asymmetric behavior due to the asymmetry of the electrodes used in SRO/PZT/Pt capacitors. We fitted hysteresis curves measured on capacitors based upon 40-nm thick PZT thin films by using a stochastic model of hysteresis proposed by Pál permitting the extraction of information on their ferroelectric properties.
Cholecystokinin Modulates the Mucosal Inflammatory Response and Prevents the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction.

The intestinal mucosa plays a critical role in the organism, acting as an interface between the lamina propria and the harmful antigens in the lumen. Sepsis is associated with primary injury to the intestinal mucosa, which in turn induces bacterial translocation and hyperpermeability. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a peptide synthesized by several cell types, whose immunomodulatory activity has been reported in experimental models of inflammation. We hypothesized that the CCK treatment could modulate the inflammatory response and protect the integrity of the intestinal barrier in endotoxemic rats. Ten minutes before the endotoxemia induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, rats were pretreated with CCK at two doses (0.4 or 40 μg/kg). Mucosal permeability, bacterial translocation, cytokines production, histology injury and expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins were the parameters assessed. In the early phase of endotoxemia, rats exhibited impaired intestinal barrier function, increased mucosal permeability, bacterial translocation and also hyperactivation of the inflammatory response. On the other hand, the pretreatment with CCK modulated only the mucosal production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased the expression of seal-forming TJ proteins (occludin, claudin-1 and JAM-A) and reduced the bacterial counts in the mesenteric lymph nodes. However, CCK has a site specific mechanism of action in the colon via CCK-1R, which is upregulated by the CCK treatment. In synergy with previous findings from our research group, the present results demonstrated that CCK preserves the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and might be a promising hormonal adjuvant therapy for the treatment of sepsis.
Skeletal muscles of hibernating black bears show minimal atrophy and phenotype shifting despite prolonged physical inactivity and starvation

Hibernating mammals experience prolonged periods of torpor and starvation during winter for up to 5–7 months. Though physical inactivity and malnutrition generally lead to profound loss of muscle mass and metabolic dysfunction in humans, hibernating bears show limited muscle atrophy and can successfully maintain locomotive function. These physiological features in bears allow us to hypothesize that hibernating bears uniquely alter the regulation of protein and energy metabolism in skeletal muscle which then contributes to “muscle atrophy resistance” against continued physical inactivity. In this study, alteration of signaling pathways governing protein and energy metabolisms was examined in skeletal muscle of the Japanese black bear (Ursus thibetanus japonicus). Sartorius muscle samples were collected from bear legs during late November (pre-hibernation) and early April (post-hibernation). Protein degradation pathways, through a ubiquitin-proteasome system (as assessed by increased expression of murf1 mRNA) and an autophagy-dependent system (as assessed by increased expression of atg7, beclin1, and map1lc3 mRNAs), were significantly activated in skeletal muscle following hibernation. In contrast, as indicated by a significant increase in S6K1 phosphorylation, an activation state of mTOR (mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin), which functions as a central regulator of protein synthesis, increased in post-hibernation samples. Gene expression of myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, was significantly decreased post-hibernation. We also confirmed that the phenotype shifted toward slow-oxidative muscle and mitochondrial biogenesis. These observations suggest that protein and energy metabolism may be altered in skeletal muscle of hibernating bears, which then may contribute to limited loss of muscle mass and efficient energy utilization.
A Novel Racing Array Transducer for Noninvasive Ultrasonic Retinal Stimulation: A Simulation Study

Neurostimulation has proved to be an effective method for the restoration of visual perception lost due to retinal diseases. However, the clinically available retinal neurostimulation method is based on invasive electrodes, making it a high-cost and high-risk procedure. Recently, ultrasound has been demonstrated to be an effective way to achieve noninvasive neurostimulation. In this work, a novel racing array transducer with a contact lens shape is proposed for ultrasonic retinal stimulation. The transducer is flexible and placed outside the eyeball, similar to the application of a contact lens. Ultrasound emitted from the transducer can reach the retina without passing through the lens, thus greatly minimizing the acoustic absorption in the lens. The discretized Rayleigh–Sommerfeld method was employed for the acoustic field simulation, and patterned stimulation was achieved. A 5 MHz racing array transducer with different element numbers was simulated to optimize the array configuration. The results show that a 512-element racing array is the most appropriate configuration considering the necessary tradeoff between the element number and the stimulation resolution. The stimulation resolution at a focus of 24 mm is about 0.6 mm. The obtained results indicate that the proposed racing array design of the ultrasound transducer can improve the feasibility of an ultrasound retinal prosthesis.
Job Crafting as a Mediator between Work Engagement and Wellbeing Outcomes: A Time-Lagged Study

This time-lagged study, using the framework of the JD-R model, tested the mediating role of job crafting measuring: at T1, work engagement, workaholism and emotional exhaustion; at T2, job crafting; and, at T3, flourishing, job performance and job satisfaction. Respondents were 443 Spanish employees working in different companies. Results show that job crafting mediates the relationship between work engagement and some of its outcomes (job performance and flourishing). In particular, the job crafting component ‘increasing structural job resources’ mediates the positive effect of work engagement on flourishing and job performance, and the job crafting component ‘increasing challenging demands’ mediates the positive effect of work engagement on job performance. No job crafting mediation is found between work engagement and job satisfaction.
The “Blue-Bulge” Infall Signature toward IRAS 16293–2422

We present the first detection of the "blue-bulge" infall signature toward a protostellar source. The blue-bulge infall signature can be observed in the centroid velocity maps of protostellar objects when infall dominates over rotation. This infall signature can be detected under a wide variety of source conditions. The detection of the blue-bulge infall signature toward a protobinary system such as IRAS 16293-2422 suggests that detailed studies of gravitational collapse toward a large number of protostellar sources may now be possible. Our CS J = 7 → 6 data appear to be tracing gaseous material in the inner circumbinary core, while the CS J = 5 → 4 and HCO+ J = 4 → 3 appear to trace the outer envelope and static core in addition to the inner circumbinary core. The mass accretion rate through the infall region appears to be consistent with an inside-out collapse model for the source. Using three-dimensional radiative transfer models based on the rotating, collapse solution of Terebey, Shu, & Cassen, we derive the infall parameters of the IRAS 16293-2422 cloud core. Our best-fit model suggests that the infall radius of the IRAS 16293-2422 cloud core is ~39'' (0.03 pc).
Generation mechanism of plasmaspheric ELF/VLF hiss: A statistical study from GEOS 1 data

ELF/VLF hiss is whistler mode waves that interact with energetic electrons in the magnetosphere. One of the consequences of these interactions is the precipitation of energetic electrons into the atmosphere due to pitch angle diffusion. One related question that is still controversial is how these waves can reach the intensities that are measured. A study of ELF/VLF hiss in the plasmasphere (Solomon et al., 1988) has shown that the observed plasmaspheric hiss intensities can be explained by the presence of a relatively high level of anisotropic energetic electron fluxes, with the wave growth rate γ being directly proportional to the flux level. Sonwalkar and Inan (1989) have argued, however, that this result was based on a limited number of cases only and that lightning-generated whistlers may be a more important source for plasmaspheric hiss. In order to clear up this problem we have performed a statistical study using 75 orbits of GEOS 1, providing 48 events. All of them occurred on the day side at 4 < L < 5, where L is the McIlwain parameter, in the vicinity of the geomagnetic equator during relatively quiet geomagnetic conditions. These events have the usual characteristics of plasmaspheric hiss (frequency range and intensity). Simultaneous measurements of hiss and electron fluxes show on a statistical basis that (1) there is some trend for the strongest wave events to correspond to the largest electron fluxes, (2) the observed fluxes for the 48 events are generally much above the “typical” values used in previous theoretical studies, and (3) in agreement with the suggestion of Solomon et al. (1988) the statistical results are consistent with wave generation in the equatorial region, the plasmaspheric hiss being amplified during a single crossing of the waves through this region.
EFFICIENT INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES ESTIMATION OF NONLINEAR MODELS

This paper considers asymptotically efficient instrumental variables estimation of nonlinear models in an i.i. d. environment. The optimal instruments are estimated by nonparametric methods, either nearest neighbor or series regression. Ways of choosing the degree of approximation of the nonparametric instruments are discussed. Asymptotic efficiency is shown. The finite sample properties of the estimators are examined in a small sampling study of an endogenous dummy variable model. Copyright 1990 by The Econometric Society.