Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Institutional Measures: Geographical Indication in Mercosur and the EU

As agri-food markets become increasingly specialized, governments are provoked to provide these products legal support to protect their supply and trade sources. After several treaties, the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement was signed in 1995 as the broadest ever reached. The agreement allowed Geographical Indication (GI) of agri-food products to be targeted. The GIs of Mercosur and the European Union are very different in absolute and relative numbers, showing evidence of significant institutional participation difference. Thus, this work aims to compare the effects of institutional mechanisms promoted by Mercosur and the EU on this market by establishing an analysis framework based on the respective laws and agreements against demographic data. The results show that adherence to TRIPS is a necessary condition but not sufficient for its development. Adherence to the Lisbon Agreement also strengthens the capacity to sustain a substantial GI market. Additionally, the standardization of regulatory treatment and interventionist action helps stabilize and promote institutions in the GI market. Finally, this study concludes from the EU and Mercosur cases that a more robust, promotive and uniform system through its legal basis and dedicated structures results in more trustable institutions and potentially a more abundant market for GI products.
Implicit and explicit aggression among restaurant employees: The moderating effect of perceived support

ABSTRACT The present study examined how restaurant employees’ perceptions of supervisory and organizational support moderate the influence of implicit aggression on the explicit behavioral outcomes of anger and aggression. The moderated process revealed that perceived supervisory support was critical in mitigating the adverse effect of implicit aggression on explicit anger reactions among restaurant workers. Among employees reporting low levels of PSS, the relationship between implicit aggression and explicit anger reactions at work was significant. Among employees reporting moderate to high levels of PSS, there was no association. Notably, the results also demonstrated that employees’ perceived organizational support did not interact with implicit aggression to influence explicit aggressive behaviors in the foodservice workplace. Thus, the findings of this study demonstrate the importance of perceptions of support from direct supervisors above and beyond that of the organization when attempting to mitigate explicit aggressive displays and anger in the workplace.
Analysing river network dynamics and active length - discharge relationship using water presence sensors

Abstract. Despite the importance of temporary streams for the provision of key ecosystem services, their experimental monitoring remains challenging because of the practical difficulties in performing accurate high-frequency surveys of the flowing portion of river networks. In this study, about 30 electrical resistance (ER) sensors were deployed in a high relief 2.6 km2 catchment of the Italian Alps to monitor the spatio-temporal dynamics of the active river network during the fall of 2019. The set-up of the ER sensors was personalized to make them more flexible for the deployment in the field and more accurate under low flow conditions. Available ER data were analyzed, compared to field based estimates of the nodes' persistency and then used to generate a sequence of maps representing the active reaches of the stream network with a sub-daily temporal resolution. This allowed a proper estimate of the joint variations of active river network length (L) and catchment discharge (Q) during the entire study period. Our analysis revealed a high cross-correlation between the statistics of individual ER signals and the flow persistencies of the cross sections where the sensors were placed. The observed spatial and temporal dynamics of the actively flowing channels also revealed the diversity of the hydrological behaviour of distinct zones of the study catchment, which was attributed to differences in the catchment geology and stream-bed composition. The more pronounced responsiveness of the total active length to small precipitation events as compared to the catchment discharge led to important hysteresis in the L vs. Q relationship, thereby impairing the performances of a power-law model frequently used in the literature to relate these two quantities. Consequently, in our study site the adoption of a unique power-law L-Q relationship to infer flowing length variability from observed discharges would underestimate the actual variations of L by 40%. Our work emphasizes the potential of ER sensors for analysing spatio-temporal dynamics of active channels in temporary streams, discussing the major limitations of this type of technology emerging from the specific application presented herein.
Disseminating and collecting information: municipalities’ communicative practices and deliberative capacities

ABSTRACT This paper aims to critically explore how citizen dialogues are perceived by the municipalities and public servants who implement them. The question is answered using a multi-method approach: a content analysis of 213 self-reports on citizen dialogues from Swedish municipalities and 11 in-depth interviews with public servants working with citizen dialogues in a Swedish municipality. The findings show that citizen dialogues were thought of along three main narratives: information gathering, informing, and inclusion. Together, these narratives indicated a will to enhance informed decision-making. However, combining informed decision-making is with broad participation poses challenges; the authority had to delimit participation, establish structures, educate, define citizens and adapt existing working methods to external stakeholders. The three narratives address this adaptation.
Memoryless non-linearity in B-Substitution doped and undoped graphene FETs: A comparative investigation

K P Pradhan, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing (IIITDM) Kancheepuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: kppradhan@iiitdm.ac. in Abstract An accurate electrical equivalent circuit model for boron‐substitution doped graphene field effect transistor (GFET) is proposed to analyse the effects of memoryless non‐ linearity on transconductance. The proposed equivalent circuit model is verified with the simulated results of an industry‐standard circuit simulation tool. The fundamental figures of merit (FOMs), such as the second‐ and third‐order harmonic distortion terms (HD2 and HD3), gain compression point (Ain,1dB), second‐ and third‐order intermodulation distortion terms (IM2 and IM3), and second‐ and third‐order input intercept points (AIIP2 and AIIP3) are mathematically modelled for B‐substitution doped GFET to examine the linear behaviour of the device. The expressions are validated by performing the single tone and double tone simulation test to the proposed equivalent circuit model using the industry‐standard circuit simulator. The proposed model is compatible and predicts accurate results for both B‐substitution doped and undoped GFET. The simulation results are having an excellent agreement with the mathematical model, which are also compared with the undoped GFET and conventional MOSFET. It is also observed that by B‐ substitution doping the graphene sheet significantly induces the bandgapt and hence enhances the linear behaviour of the B‐substitution doped GFET and promises highly desirable linearity requirement in the analog/RF applications.
The effect of an increase in federal minimum wage on the U.S. hotel industry: a difference-in-differences approach

ABSTRACT In accordance with the economic influences of an increase in minimum wage on labor markets, this study examines the effects of the federal-level minimum wage increase on U.S. hotel properties employing a difference-in-differences (DID) estimation method. We compared NYC which witnessed a federal minimum wage increase in 2009 to Washington, D.C which did not receive a wage increase in the same year. Findings showed that the newly enacted federal minimum wage law did not significantly influence U.S. hotel properties’ labor costs. This study, on the other hand, found that the federal minimum wage increase negatively affected hotel properties’ performance, measured by EBITDA and total revenue. This study adds value to the hospitality and tourism literature by rigorously revealing a causal effect of the minimum wage increase on hotel property performance. Further, this study's findings also provide meaningful guidance for hotel industry practitioners related to navigating minimum wage increases.
Symmetry-Preserving Discretization of Navier-Stokes on Unstructured Grids: Collocated Vs Staggered

Abstract. The essence of turbulence are the smallest scales of motion. They result from a subtle balance between convective transport and diffusive dissipation. Mathematically, these terms are governed by two differential operators differing in symmetry: the convective operator is skew-symmetric, whereas the diffusive is symmetric and positive-definite. On the other hand, accuracy and stability need to be reconciled for numerical simulations of turbulent flows around complex configurations. With this in mind, a fully-conservative discretization method for general unstructured grids was proposed [Trias et al., J.Comp.Phys. 258, 246-267, 2014]: it exactly preserves the symmetries of the underlying differential operators on a collocated mesh. However, any pressure-correction method on collocated grids suffer from the same drawbacks: the cell-centered velocity field is not exactly incompressible and some artificial dissipation is inevitable introduced. On the other hand, for staggered velocity fields, the projection onto a divergence-free space is a well-posed problem: given a velocity field, it can be uniquely decomposed into a solenoidal vector and the gradient of a scalar (pressure) field. This can be easily done without introducing any dissipation as it should be from a physical point-of-view. In this work, we explore the possibility to build up staggered formulations based on collocated discrete operators.
Inhaled budesonide versus oral prednisolone in the treatment of acute exacerbation of moderate bronchial asthma: an open label randomized clinical trial

Background: Recently published studies have suggested that inhaled corticosteroids may offer benefit over systemic steroids in bronchial asthma. This research was carried out to study the efficacy of inhaled budesonide and to compare the efficacy of inhaled budesonide with oral prednisolone in the treatment of acute moderate asthma in children. Methods: This was an open label randomized clinical trial. Children in the age group of 1-12 years with acute exacerbation of asthma presenting to pediatric emergency from November 1, 2015 to October 31, 2016 who fail to show prompt improvement after initial treatment with oxygen and three doses of inhaled salbutamol, were enrolled. Children in group B (n=35) and group P (n=35) received inhaled budesonide and oral prednisolone, respectively, in addition to oxygen inhalation and salbutamol as per the study protocol. Outcome was measured in terms of pulmonary score at the beginning, at 6 hours, and at 24 hours of starting the treatment. The analysis was undertaken according to intent to treat principle. Results: Baseline characteristics (sex, age, weight, height, body mass index) were comparable in the 2 groups. Mean heart rate, respiratory rate, pulmonary score at 6 and 24 hours, mean SpO2 at 24 hours were significantly showing normalizing trend (p<0.05) and mean hospital stay was significantly reduced [2.60 (±0.60) vs 3.11 (±0.80); p<0.05] in group B as compared to group P. Conclusions: Outcome measures of clinical improvement were better in inhaled budesonide group than oral prednisolone group in acute moderate exacerbation of bronchial asthma.
Deep Chlorophyll Maxima in the Global Ocean: Occurrences, Drivers and Characteristics

Stratified oceanic systems are characterized by the presence of a so‐called Deep Chlorophyll a Maximum (DCM) not detectable by ocean color satellites. A DCM can either be a phytoplankton (carbon) biomass maximum (Deep Biomass Maximum, DBM), or the consequence of photoacclimation processes (Deep photoAcclimation Maximum, DAM) resulting in the increase of chlorophyll a per phytoplankton carbon. Even though these DCM (further qualified as either DBMs or DAMs) have long been studied, no global‐scale assessment has yet been undertaken and large knowledge gaps still remain in relation to the environmental drivers responsible for their formation and maintenance. In order to investigate their spatial and temporal variability in the open ocean, we use a global data set acquired by more than 500 Biogeochemical‐Argo floats given that DCMs can be detected from the comparative vertical distribution of chlorophyll a concentrations and particulate backscattering coefficients. Our findings show that the seasonal dynamics of the DCMs are clearly region‐dependent. High‐latitude environments are characterized by a low occurrence of intense DBMs, restricted to summer. Meanwhile, oligotrophic regions host permanent DAMs, occasionally replaced by DBMs in summer, while subequatorial waters are characterized by permanent DBMs benefiting from favorable conditions in terms of both light and nutrients. Overall, the appearance and depth of DCMs are primarily driven by light attenuation in the upper layer. Our present assessment of DCM occurrence and of environmental conditions prevailing in their development lay the basis for a better understanding and quantification of their role in carbon budgets (primary production and export).
Assessing first‐order BQART estimates for ancient source‐to‐sink mass budget calculations

Constraining the timing and volume of sediment dispersal in an ancient sedimentary system is vital to understand a basin's infill history. One preferred method for a first‐order approximation of ancient sediment load estimates, the BQART model, is based on empirical observations of modern river systems relating basin morphology, topography, climate, run‐off and bedrock characteristics. Despite the popularity of such methods, a comprehensive assessment on the validity of using modern river observations to measure sediment load on geological timescales is lacking. Here, we investigate the uncertainties, sensitivities and practicalities surrounding the use of modern empirical observations in general and the BQART model in particular, to evaluate ancient sediment river loads. Although catchment area and relief are the least constrained parameters in an ancient sedimentary system, the temperature parameter may have an even more significant impact in the range of predicted sediment load estimates using a BQART approach. The applicability of BQART is most suitable for regional to continental scale source‐to‐sink systems that are based on robust paleogeographic and paleoclimatic models of cold (<2°C) or warm temperate (>8°C) climates. One further needs to consider the high amplitude discharge events that can dominate the stratigraphic record which are not captured by historical observations of sediment load over a 30‐year period. In addition, our limited understanding of bedload material transport and an unknown pristine environment in the Anthropocene reduce the reliability of modern sediment load estimates for the ancient. Mass budget estimates in deep time based on empirical relationships of modern river systems can thus provide first‐order estimates within an order of magnitude but need to consider the limitations imposed by extrapolating the modern to the ancient. Here, we present a framework to consider the suitability of the BQART method for ancient source‐to‐sink mass budget analyses.
Switched-Observer-Based Event-Triggered Adaptive Fuzzy Funnel Control for Switched Nonlinear Systems

This article addresses the event-triggered output-feedback funnel tracking control problem for a class of switched nonlinear systems. A novel switched-observer-based event-triggered adaptive fuzzy funnel control approach for solving the problem is proposed by exploiting the average dwell time method and backstepping. To estimate unmeasurable system states, a switched fuzzy observer and switched update laws for individual subsystems are designed. Compared with the existing funnel controllers designed in the framework of continuous-time feedback control, the proposed approach constructs event-triggered funnel controllers of subsystems and a switching event-triggered mechanism (ETM), which greatly alleviates the unnecessary waste of communication and computation resources, and, without any known limitation on maximum asynchronous time, handles the issue of asynchronous switching between the candidate controllers of subsystems and subsystems. Also, a strictly positive lower bound on interevent time is ensured by introducing a piecewise constant variable into the ETM, which overcomes the difficulty of switched measurement error being discontinuous. It is guaranteed that the tracking error evolves within a prespecified performance funnel. Finally, two examples including a mass-spring-damper system are presented for illustrating the validity of the developed approach.
An Irish perspective on initial teacher education: How teacher educators can respond to an awareness of the ‘absurd’

Abstract Internationally, initial teacher education has experienced shifts towards competence and school-based programmatic reforms. As a result, literature on the role of teacher educators operating within the academy suggests a sense of doom as market-based and political distrust of the academy grows. For now, initial teacher education in Ireland is largely housed within the academy. However, several governing policies have recently been published which subtly seek to marginalise the role and practices of teacher educators. Drawing on Camus’ understanding of the absurd as emerging from the interaction between the longing of human beings for clarity and the universe’s indifferent and silent reply, this paper sets out to investigate possible methods that teacher educators may select in responding to an awareness of the absurd.
Selenium content and physicochemical characterization of traditional Brazilian coalho cheese

: Studies of centesimal composition regarding coalho. From the perspective that selenium content in foods can vary due to environmental factors and cheese may be a source of such nutrient, it is believed that is relevant to characterize the possible selenium contents in coalho cheese. The samples of cheese were collected of the and selenium was quantified by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method and lipids by Soxhlet extraction. The centesimal composition presented variations for humidity (50.5-61.9% w w -1 ), ashes (2.37-4.16% w w -1 ), proteins (14.3-19.7% w w -1 ), lipids (15.6-26.6% w w -1 ) and for carbohydrates (0.10-6.50% w w -1 ). The selenium contents were heterogeneous among the samples (4.21-38.78 µg kg -1 ). In Principal Component Analysis, it was observed that samples are divided by selenium concentrations and is justified by groups that present producer cities with different characteristics in terms of soil, average rainfall and distance from the coast. It was concluded that the samples are low-fat cheeses and sources of protein, and only the cheese from Limoeiro do Norte is a source of selenium. The samples presented distinct variations in both physical-chemical and selenium concentrations.
Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide on FTO by Hydrothermal Method for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Application

Cobalt oxide thin films were successfully grown directly on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates through a simple, green, and low-cost hydrothermal method. An investigation into the physicochemical characteristics and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of the developed cobalt oxide thin film was comprehensively performed. At various annealing temperatures, different morphologies and crystal phases of cobalt oxide were observed. Microflowers (Co3O4) and microflowers with nanowire petals (Co3O4/CoO) were produced at 450 °C and 550 °C, respectively. Evaluation of the PEC performance of the samples in KOH (pH 13), Na2SO4 (pH 6.7), and H2SO4 (pH 1) revealed that the highest photocurrent −2.3 mA cm−2 generated at −0.5 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) was produced by Co3O4 (450 °C) in H2SO4 (pH 1). This photocurrent corresponded to an 8-fold enhancement compared with that achieved in neutral and basic electrolytes and was higher than the results reported by other studies. This promising photocurrent generation was due to the abundant source of protons, which was favorable for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in H2SO4 (pH 1). The present study showed that Co3O4 is photoactive under acidic conditions, which is encouraging for HER compared with the mixed-phase Co3O4/CoO.
Banks’ Performance and Economic Growth in India: A Panel Cointegration Analysis

The banking sector plays a crucial role in the economic growth of a nation. The purpose of this study is to examine the long-term association between banks’ performance and the economic growth of a developing economy: India. The study used a panel of data of 20 public sector banks for the period 2009 to 2019. It applied the Pedroni and Kao test of co-integration, panel vector error correction model (VECM) dynamic, panel fully-modified ordinary least squires OLS (FMOLS), and dynamic OLS (DOLS) to estimate the relationship of interest margin return on assets, bank investment, and lending capacity of the bank with gross domestic product (GDP) of the country. The identification and incorporation of these bank-related variables are the innovations of this study. The results indicate that the bank-related variables are co-integrated with economic growth. Further analysis indicates a significant relationship between interest margin and return on assets with economic growth. In addition, lending capacity and investment activities are not significantly associated with economic growth, leading to the policy recommendation to improve upon these two factors in order to achieve higher growth rates.
Simultaneous wound border segmentation and tissue classification using a conditional generative adversarial network

Generative adversarial network (GAN) applications on medical image synthesis have the potential to assist caregivers in deciding a proper chronic wound treatment plan by understanding the border segmentation and the wound tissue classiﬁcation visually. This study proposes a hybrid wound border segmentation and tissue classiﬁcation method utilising conditional GAN, which can mimic real data without expert knowledge. We trained the network on chronic wound datasets with different sizes. The performance of the GAN algorithm is evaluated through the mean squared error, Dice coefﬁcient metrics and visual inspection of generated images. This study also analyses the optimum number of training images as well as the number of epochs using GAN for wound border segmentation and tissue classiﬁcation. The results show that the proposed GAN model performs efﬁciently for wound border segmentation and tissue classiﬁcation tasks with a set of 2000 images at 200 epochs.