Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Animations Impair Executive Function in Young Children? Effects of Animation Types on the Executive Function of Children Aged Four to Seven Years

This study used a three (animation types: educational, entertainment, and control groups) × four (age group: four-, five-, six-, and seven-year-olds) between-group experimental design to investigate the short-term effects of animation type and age on each component of children’s executive function (EF) (inhibitory control [IC], cognitive flexibility [CF], and working memory [WM]). One hundred twenty-six kindergarten and first-grade elementary school students in a city in Henan Province of China were selected for the experimental study. The results showed that briefly watching animation affected children’s EF. Specifically, watching entertainment cartoons weakened children’s IC and CF, while cartoons did not affect children’s WM. The moderating effect of age in the relationship between animation type and EFs was non-significant. This study suggests that researchers should focus on the uniqueness of each component of EF in children aged four to seven years, and parents should try to limit children’s viewing of animation, especially entertainment animation.
Investigating the neural basis of post-stroke aphasia therapy; a systematic review of neuroscience-based therapy studies

ABSTRACT Background A variety of therapies for aphasia can be found in the current literature. However, the questions of which changes in the brain are most linked with improvement of language abilities, and how alterations in neural activation are affected by different approaches to therapy, require further exploration. This systematic review therefore aimed to investigate the effects of different therapies on both language deficits and brain function and structure. Methods & Procedures Studies utilising neuroimaging and language testing before and after neuroscience-based treatment were identified using a 2-stage analysis. From an initial 506 citations, 483 were excluded, leaving 23 studies to be included in the review. Outcomes & Results The resulting studies covered therapies ranging in approach from targeting specific stages of language processing, to employing alternative modalities of communication, to facilitating activation of specific regions of the brain. Many studies found changes in both hemispheres following treatment, particularly those with datasets including mild deficits. Conclusions Overall, this review shows that manifold changes in the brain may occur, stemming from therapy and improvement in language abilities, although which changes are most important in facilitating improvement for participants with different specific profiles of damage and language deficit remains unclear.
The Demographic and Social Characteristics of Patients with Ocular Foreign Bodies in a Greek Tertiary Hospital

Purpose To present the demographic and social characteristics of patients with ocular foreign bodies (OFB), who visit the Ophthalmological Outpatient Department of a tertiary hospital in Athens, Greece. Patients and Methods During the period January-March 2019, 5181 patients presented to the Ophthalmological Outpatient Department of our hospital, and 543 of them were diagnosed with an ocular foreign body. Moreover, 106 of them were interviewed about their demographic and social factors, regarding among others data about their occupation, level of education, nationality, family, and insurance status. Results The patients with ocular foreign bodies were significantly younger compared to the rest of the examined patients (49.5±13.9 vs 56.3±17 years, p<0.001). Moreover, the ocular foreign bodies were more frequent in men compared to women (15.5% vs 5.0%, p<0.001) and in non-Greek patients (23.7% vs 9.2%, p<0.001). Regarding the social characteristics of the patients with ocular foreign bodies, we found that the majority of them were married, employed, insured, while their educational status was middle and high school. Furthermore, the vast majority of the patients practiced manual professions (73.1% of them). Conclusion We documented that the introduction of an ocular foreign body is frequently encountered in the Outpatient Department of our tertiary hospital in Athens, Greece. We also demonstrated that these patients are younger, while they are more frequently men, of non-Greek origin, with an educational status of middle and high school, and their occupation is associated with manual labour.
Identification of Soil Transmitted Helminths Eggs on Flies in KM 5 Market, Palembang City

The prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) infection in the world is still high, especially in areas with poor sanitation. This condition is often found in markets which becomes a favorite place for flies. Flies are insects that have the ability to fly far and habits of life that move around so they can become human health problems as mechanical vectors of STH infection. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the type and number of flies, and the contamination of STH eggs in flies in Pasar KM 5 Palembang City. This research was an observational descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The samples of this study were caught with accidental sampling using insect nets and fly traps. The samples processing and observation were made at the Biooptic and Chemistry Medic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya University. The number of flies obtained 419 flies and consisted of 136 Musca domestica (32.4%), 183 Chrysomya megacephala (43.7%), and 100 Lucilia sp. (23,9%). From 42 total samples studied, 14 samples positively contaminated with STH eggs (33.4%), that consisting of 3 samples of Musca domestica (7.2%), 6 samples of Chrysomya Megacephala (14.3%), and 5 samples of Lucilia sp. (11,9%). The number of STH eggs obtained 17 eggs, consisted of 16 eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides (94.1%) that was 3 eggs in Musca domestica (17.7%), 7 eggs in Chrysomya megacephala (41.1%), and 6 eggs in Lucilia sp. (35.3%), and 1 egg of Trichuris trichiura in Chrysomya megacephala (5.9%). The conclusion was that there was contamination of STH eggs on flies in KM 5 Market Palembang City.
How does teacher support contribute to learners’ grit? The role of learning enjoyment

ABSTRACT Learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is a lengthy, demanding, and challenging process, which requires learners’ L2 grit relating to their perseverance of effort and consistency of interest. Motivated by the growing body of research on L2 grit over the past few years, this study examined the role of perceived teacher support and learning enjoyment as two important learner external and internal factors, respectively, in promoting EFL learners’ L2 grit. The participants were 339 EFL learners selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The results of SEM indicated that perceived teacher support directly and positively predicted L2 grit, which clearly highlights the role of teachers as an essential element of any language learning situation in motivating and supporting students to exert considerable effort in their learning process and enhance their interest, enthusiasm, persistence, and effort. Additionally, learning enjoyment played a mediating role in the association between perceived teacher support and L2 grit, which indicates its potential for promoting learners’ cognitive resources and fostering their continued effort and sustained interest in the lengthy and demanding process of L2 learning. Finally, implications relating to the role of teachers in enhancing learners’ enjoyment and grit are presented.
Antibiogram and Biofilm Development among Klebsiella pneumoniae from Clinical Isolates

Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate antibiotic resistance pattern and biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae strains isolated from different clinical specimens and to study on association of drug resistance pattern with biofilm formation. Methods: A total of 944 clinical samples from patients attending Sahid Gangalal National Heart Center were processed from September 2019 to March 2020 to identify possible bacterial pathogens following standard microbiological procedures. K. pneumonaie isolates were further subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Biofilm formation was evaluated by tissue culture plate technique. Results: Of the total 944 samples, 15.47% (146) samples showed bacterial growth, among which 23.97% (35) were K. pneumoniae. Out of 35 K. pneumoniae isolates, 45.71% (16) were multidrug-resistant and 42.86% (15) were extensively drug-resistant. Sixty percent (21) of K. pneumoniae feebly produced biofilm. Significant association was observed between biofilm production and exhibition of multidrug resistance (p value<0.05). Conclusion: Prevalence of antibiotics resistant K. pneumoniae in hospital setting is high and alarming. Significant association between drug resistance pattern and biofilm production implicates need of an immediate response to limit growth and spread of drug resistant microbes in clinical settings.
The Use of the SMART-COP Score in Predicting Severity Outcomes Among Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Meta-Analysis

Pneumonia is a pathological process of interstitial lung tissue and distal airway and alveolar infection and infiltration. SMART-COP (systolic blood pressure, multilobar infiltrates, albumin, respiratory rate, tachycardia, confusion, oxygen, and pH) is a severity score method designed to identify individuals who require intensive respiratory or vasopressor support (IRVS) support due to pneumonia. Therefore, it is important for management decisions in pneumonia. This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the performance of the SMART-COP score in predicting the prognosis and severity of patients presenting with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The current meta-analysis was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search was conducted using Medline, Embase, and CINAHL to identify relevant studies assessing the validity of the SMART-COP score in predicting the severity of patients with CAP. Overall, nine studies were included in the current meta-analysis. A pooled sensitivity of the SMART-COP score to predict the use of IRVS is 89% (95% CI: 84%-92%) while its specificity is 68% (95% CI: 65%-70%). The pooled sensitivity of the SMART-COP score to predict 30-day mortality is 92% (95% CI: 89%-94%) while its specificity is 39% (95% CI: 37%-42%). To summarize, SMART-COP is a new, eight-variable instrument that appears to accurately identify patients with CAP who will require IRVS and 30-day mortality. Our findings show that SMART-COP will be a valuable tool for clinicians in accurately predicting illness severity in CAP patients as compared to other scoring systems. SMART-COP can be useful to identify patients who need urgent management.
Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Controlled-Release Matrices of Losartan Potassium Using Ethocel Grade 10 and Carbopol 934P NF as Rate-Controlling Polymers

Controlled-release formulations are essential for those drugs that require fine tuning of their activity to increase the ratio between therapeutic vs. adverse effects. Losartan potassium is among those drugs whose adverse effects may somehow impair its purported benefits. Previous investigations have been carried out to ascertain the suitability of several polymers for being associated with losartan. This study is focused on the effects of Ethocel grade 10 and Carbopol 934P NF on losartan release. Flow and physical properties were assessed according to the protocols standardized by the pharmacopeia (USP-NF 29), and the drug release in phosphate buffer (pH = 6.8) was measured for 24 h. Data evidenced good to excellent flow and physical properties according to the drug/polymer ratio and the addition of co-excipients. The release rate in 24 h was found to be 63–69% to 79–82% without or with the addition of co-excipients, respectively, following zero-order kinetics. The results also suggest a significant difference with the release profile of a traditional release losartan formulation. The results suggest the suitability of Ethocel grade 10 and Carbopol 934P NF as components of a controlled-release losartan formulation.
Valorisation of Broccoli By-Products: Technological, Sensory and Flavour Properties of Durum Pasta Fortified with Broccoli Leaf Powder

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of broccoli leaf powder (BLP) incorporation on the technological properties, sensory quality and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of durum wheat pasta. Incorporation of BLP increased cooking loss; however, all pasta samples were found to be in the acceptable range of 8 g/100 g. The addition of BLP decreased optimal cooking time and water absorption but increased the swelling index. Firmness and total shearing force decreased with increased BLP content. The obtained pasta was greener than the control, with a higher content of minerals, and an increasing tendency with respect to protein was observed. The VOC profile of enriched pasta was richer and contained compounds typical of broccoli (e.g., dimethyl sulphide), affecting its aroma. The sensory evaluation results indicate that the addition of BLP did not affect the overall acceptance of pasta. Up to 5% BLP content afforded an interesting, more nutritious pasta without compromising its technological and sensory quality.
Inferred Causal Mechanisms of Persistent FMDV Infection in Cattle from Differential Gene Expression in the Nasopharyngeal Mucosa

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can persistently infect pharyngeal epithelia in ruminants but not in pigs. Our previous studies demonstrated that persistent FMDV infection in cattle was associated with under-expression of several chemokines that recruit immune cells. This report focuses on the analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEG) identified during the transitional phase of infection, defined as the period when animals diverge between becoming carriers or terminators. During this phase, Th17-stimulating cytokines (IL6 and IL23A) and Th17-recruiting chemokines (CCL14 and CCL20) were upregulated in animals that were still infected (transitional carriers) compared to those that had recently cleared infection (terminators), whereas chemokines recruiting neutrophils and CD8+ T effector cells (CCL3 and ELR+CXCLs) were downregulated. Upregulated Th17-specific receptor, CCR6, and Th17-associated genes, CD146, MIR155, and ThPOK, suggested increased Th17 cell activity in transitional carriers. However, a complex interplay of the Th17 regulatory axis was indicated by non-significant upregulation of IL17A and downregulation of IL17F, two hallmarks of TH17 activity. Other DEG suggested that transitional carriers had upregulated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), non-canonical NFκB signaling, and downregulated canonical NFκB signaling. The results described herein provide novel insights into the mechanisms of establishment of FMDV persistence. Additionally, the fact that ruminants, unlike pigs, produce a large amount of AHR ligands suggests a plausible explanation of why FMDV persists in ruminants, but not in pigs.
Successful controlling of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), using meso-dispensers for mating disruption in urban areas

The European grapevine moth (EGVM), Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller), is a severe pest of grapes, since detected in Chile in 2008 has been subjected to an official control program by the Chilean Department of Agriculture, mainly in vineyards and orchards. Lobesia botrana has also been found in urban areas, mostly on backyard grapes, those have become important refuges for large L. botrana populations and significant sources for both dispersal and re-infestation to agricultural settings, thus the need for control. Chemical sprays are not allowed for intensive pest management in residential areas; therefore, the mating disruption technique has been the main tool to control L. botrana in cities. However, it is not always feasible to evenly deploy the required amount of dispenser ha -1 in urban areas using conventional formulations. A new meso-dispenser (MeD), loaded with 10x the regular amount of pheromone of standard dispensers, and recommended at 50 units ha -1 , was evaluated in three consecutive seasons (2013-2016), in four cities in central Chile. This new dispenser yielded significantly lower male captures in traps in comparison with untreated areas. Cumulative male captures per individual flights per season, ranged between 292-2043 trap -1 (MeD) and 15 795-28 403 trap -1 (untreated), and significantly declined in the second and third seasons of MeD usage. Disruption index ranged between 68.9% and 98.9% considering flights individually, and above 88.0% considering whole seasons. The presence of eggs, larvae, and pupae infesting clusters, also significantly declined with the number of seasons treated with MeD.
Evaluation and redesign of the primers for detecting nitrogen cycling genes in environments

A better understanding of how nitrogen (N) cycling genes are involved in ecological processes is one of the crucial areas of microbial ecology. Currently, most molecular biological techniques investigating N cycling genes in the environment heavily rely on the accuracy of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers; however, their specificity and coverage have not been comprehensively evaluated. Here, we collected a sequence database, NcycFunGen, aimed for primer evaluation and redesign. NcycFunGen was based on hidden Markov model profiles for 22 marker genes involved in N cycling, which included 607,359 paired nucleotide and protein sequences with their taxonomic information. Then, a total of 608 published primers were fully evaluated through NcycFunGen, as well as against full‐length sequences collected from KEGG. The new primers were designed by DegePrime. In the experiment, the updated ureC gene primer pair ureC607F/ureC898R and nifH gene primer pair nifH107F64/nifH379R64 was applied to a urea amendment site using droplet digital PCR and high‐throughput amplicon sequencing. The results showed that the majority of primer pairs cover less than 30% sequences of target genes and that 22.55% were inappropriate for quantitative PCR and amplicon sequencing (<100 bp or >550 bp). In general, this in‐silico evaluation demonstrated that although many primers have been adopted in published studies, some of them should be validated and updated as needed according to the updated gene database. Therefore, new degenerate primer pairs for ureC targeting urease, bacterial and archaeal amoA targeting ammonium monooxygenase, and nifH targeting nitrogenase were designed through NcycFunGen. These new primer pairs showed higher coverage and amplification efficiency, as well as amplicon lengths that were applicable for high‐throughput amplicon sequencing. Furthermore, the experimental results displayed better characteristics than commonly used published ureC and nifH gene primer pairs. In conclusion, primer evaluation and redesign are highly recommended to improve the accuracy of primers targeting N cycling genes, which could facilitate amplicon‐based N cycling studies in various environments. The bioinformatics framework developed in this study can also be applied to build functional gene databases for other biogeochemical pathways.
The protective role of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid use and relation with inflammatory and thrombotic parameters on radial artery occlusion in patients undergoing elective transradial coronary angiography

Aim: Transradial angiography (TRA) is recommended in clinical practice; it is better than the transfemoral route to prevent site-related complications. Radial artery occlusion is one of the most seen significant complications after TRA. In the present study, the protective effect of low dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) use against the radial artery occlusion (RAO) and the predictive ability of some thrombotic and inflammatory factors for the development of RAO were investigated. Material and Method: One thousand two hundred fifty-four patients who planned for elective coronary angiography were screened to include transradial coronary angiography. The patients have grouped group I, who took ASA (100 mg) (n= 56), and group II (n= 51), who did not. Blood samples were taken immediately after sheath insertion and after the six hours of the sheath removal. The D-dimer and C-reactive protein values were analyzed between groups. In the first 24 hours after the procedure, the radial Doppler ultrasonography assessment was performed to detect RAO. Multivariable regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent risk factors for the TRA. Results: Eligible one hundred seven stable patients were included in the study. The demographic, laboratory and procedural characteristics were similar between the two groups (Table 2). TRA was statistically lower in Group I compared to Group II. (n=3 vs. n=22, p=.001). Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that postprocedural higher D-dimer levels and non-ASA status were found to be the independent risk factors for RAO (OR (95% CI=1.235(1.014-1.582) p=. 001, 5.534 (3.376-9.252), p . 05). Conclusion: Preprocedural ASA use may have a protective role against the RAO. Pre- and post-procedural D-dimer levels can predict the thrombotic process in the early phase of the RAO.
Formation of intermetallic particles during solidification and homogenisation of two Al–Mg–Si alloys

Several key properties of aluminium semi-finished products, including formability, softening behaviour, strength and ductility, are influenced by the constitution of alloying elements in solid solution or in precipitated form, i.e. by the materials microchemistry. In the present paper, we study microchemistry reactions in two Al–Mg–Si automotive sheet alloys, AA 6005C and AA 6016, with different Mg:Si ratios. The formation of constituent phases and dispersoids during solidification and subsequent homogenisation is analysed by scanning electron microscopy and measurements of the specific electrical resistivity. Type, composition and volume fraction of the constituent phases in the as-cast state are assessed with the Alstruc solidification model. The changes in solute level and precipitation during homogenisation are traced with a statistical microchemistry simulation tool termed ClaNG.