Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the consolidation problem of compressible porous media by a macroscopic variational continuum approach

This study presents an analysis of the stress-partitioning mechanism for fluid saturated poroelastic media in the transition from drained (e.g. slow deformations) to undrained (e.g. fast deformation) flow conditions. The goal of this analysis is to derive fundamental solutions for the general consolidation problem and to show how Terzaghi’s law is recovered as the limit undrained flow condition is approached. The approach is based on a variational macroscopic theory of porous media (VMTPM). First, the linearized form of VMTPM is expressed in a u–p dimensionless form. Subsequently, the behavior of the poroelastic system is investigated as a function of governing dimensionless numbers for the case of a displacement controlled compression test. The analysis carried out in this study produced two crucial results. First, in the limit of undrained flow, it confirmed that the solutions of the consolidation problem recover Terzaghi’s law. Second, it was found that a dimensionless parameter ( P I ), which solely depends on mixture porosity and Poisson ratio of the solid phase, discriminates two diametrically opposed mechanic responses of the poroelastic system. More specifically, when P I is positive, the solid stress in the mixture first increases and then relaxes to an equilibrium value (stress relaxation). In contrast, when P I < 0 , the solid stress monotonically tenses up to reach the equilibrium value (stress tension).
Effect of Two Particle Sizes of Nano Zinc Oxide on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Digestive Tract Morphology, and Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Broilers

Simple Summary Nano-ZnO has emerged as a popular study subject for the addition of trace elements in the manufacture of animal feed. However, the current research has not studied how different particle sizes of nano-ZnO affect the broiler. In the current study, we studied the impact of two different nano-ZnO particle sizes in broilers. Finally, it was discovered that ZnO nanoparticles could enhance broiler growth performance, promote the development of immune organs, enhance generalized immunity, have some anti-inflammatory effects, and enrich beneficial intestinal bacteria. The effects of the above improvements were negatively correlated with the nanoparticles’ particle sizes. Abstract The effects of dietary supplementation with two particle sizes of nano zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, immune function, intestinal morphology, and the gut microbiome were determined in a 42-day broiler chicken feeding experiment. A total of 75 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomized and divided into three groups with five replicates of five chicks each, including the conventional ZnO group (NC), the nano-ZnO group with an average particle size of 82 nm (ZNPL), and the nano-ZnO group with an average particle size of 21 nm (ZNPS). Each group was supplemented with 40 mg/kg of ZnO or nano-ZnO. Our results revealed that birds in the ZNPS group had a higher average daily gain and a lower feed-to-gain ratio than those in the NC group. ZNPS significantly increased the thymus index and spleen index, as well as the levels of serum metallothionein (MT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lysozyme (LZM). The ZNPS treatments reduced interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels and increased IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels compared to that in the NC group. Additionally, compared with the birds in the NC group, those in the nano-ZnO group had a higher villus height to crypt depth ratio of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Bacteroides increased in the ZNPS group at the genus level. Further, unidentified_Lachnospiraceae, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, unidentified_Erysipelotrichaceae, and Intestinimonas were significantly increased in the ZNPL group. In conclusion, nano-ZnO improved the growth performance, promoted the development of immune organs, increased nonspecific immunity, improved the villus height to crypt depth ratio of the small intestine, and enriched the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Notably, the smaller particle size (21 nm) of nano-ZnO exhibited a more potent effect.
Comparison of the Concordance of Allergic Diseases between Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES HTS Data

Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of allergic diseases. However, there is limited information on these factors in the Korean population. This study investigated the importance of genetic and environmental factors in allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, or atopic dermatitis, by comparing the disease incidence in Korean adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins. This cross-sectional study utilized data from 1296 twin pairs, including 1052 monozygotic and 244 dizygotic twins, aged over 20 years, from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (2005–2014). The study utilized binomial and multinomial logistic regression models to compute odds ratios of disease concordance. The concordance rate (92%) of the presence or absence of atopic dermatitis in monozygotic twins was slightly higher than that in dizygotic twins (90.2%), which only had a borderline significance (p = 0.090). The concordance rates of other allergic diseases within monozygotic twins were lower compared to dizygotic twins (asthma, 94.3% vs. 95.1%; allergic rhinitis, 77.5% vs. 78.7%; allergic conjunctivitis, 90.6% vs. 91.8%), of which the differences were not statistically significant. Monozygotic twins had a higher proportion of cases in which both siblings had allergic diseases than dizygotic twins (asthma, 1.1% vs. 0.0%; allergic rhinitis, 6.7% vs. 3.3%; atopic dermatitis, 2.9% vs. 0.0%; allergic conjunctivitis, 1.5% vs. 0.0%), of which the differences were also not statistically significant. In conclusion, our results appear to indicate the relative importance of environmental factors over genetic factor in the development of allergic diseases in Korean adult monozygotic twins.
Spectral Efficiency Optimization in Mass Transmission for Civil and Military Security

– This article examines the optimization of spectral efﬁciency in the context of ﬁfth-generation (5G) networks when massive cellular transmissions are performed by a group of base stations (BS) in emergency cases to ensure safety. Broadcast transmission is an important research topic to achieve this goal and is supported by related technology solution providers, such as the Third Generation Partnership Project. The main transmission modes of the LTE Evolved-Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service architecture are Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM), in which each BS independently broadcasts in its cell, and Multicast/Broadcast-Single Frequency Network (MB-SFN), in which a group of BS collaborating on the same frequency transmit synchronized signals. This article presents a study comparing these two broadcast modes: SC-PTM with the feature of combining it with beamforming technology and MB-SFN to determine the situations where one will be more efﬁcient than the other. We demonstrate that there is no optimal mode that ﬁts all situations, depending on the network conﬁguration and system parameters. To do this, we aim to determine the optimal values of the number of antennas in SC-PTM mode and the width of the MB-SFN area for which one mode will surpass the other in terms of spectral efﬁciency. These results are intended to serve as a guide for massive transmissions in dense 5G networks to ensure civilian and military safety in small-and large-scale areas.
Extreme values of independent stochastic processes

The maxima of independent Weiner processes spatially normalized with time scales compressed is considered and it is shown that a weak limit process exists. This limit process is stationary, and its one-dimensional distributions are of standard extreme-value type. The method of proof involves showing convergence of related point processes to a limit Poisson point process. The method is extended to handle the maxima of independent Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes.
The Effect of Hybrosome (Umbilical Cord Blood Exosome–Liposome Hybrid Vesicles) on Human Dermal Cells In Vitro

Abstract Background Wound healing is a process that involves multiple physiological steps, and despite the availability of various wound treatment methods, their effectiveness is still limited due to several factors, including cost, efficiency, patient-specific requirements, and side effects. In recent years, nanovesicles called exosomes have gained increasing attention as a potential wound care solution due to their unique cargo components which enable cell-to-cell communication and regulate various biological processes. Umbilical cord blood plasma (UCBP) exosomes have shown promise in triggering beneficial signaling pathways that aid in cell proliferation and wound healing. However, there is still very limited information about the wound-healing effect of UCBP exosomes in the literature. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to investigate the “hybrosome” technology generated with calf UCBP-derived exosome–liposome combination. Methods The authors developed hybrosome technology by fusing cord blood exosome membranes with liposomes. Nanovesicle characterization, cell proliferation assay, wound-healing scratch assay, immunohistochemistry analysis, anti-inflammation assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and cellular uptake studies were performed using the novel hybrid exosomes. Results Experimental results showed that hybrosome increases cell proliferation and migration by 40% to 50%, depending on the dose, and induces an anti-inflammatory effect on different cell lines as well as increased wound healing–related gene expression levels in dermal cells in vitro. All in all, this research widens the scope of wound-healing therapeutics to the novel hybrosome technology. Conclusions UCBP-based applications have the potential for wound treatments and are promising in the development of novel therapies. This study shows that hybrosomes have outstanding abilities in wound healing using in vitro approaches. Level of Evidence: 3
Watt Level CW Frequency-Stabilized Nd∶YAP/KTP Laser with Dual Wavelength Outputs

A continuous laser diode end pumped Nd∶YAP/KTP laser with dual wavelength outputs at 0.54 μm and 1.08 μm has been achieved. The ring laser resonator consists of five mirrors and a piece of frequency doubling crystal KTP is placed between two concave mirrors. After calculating and comparing the waist sizes of the fundamental wave and the astigmatism at different incident angles to the concave mirrors, the curvature radii of the concave mirrors as 100 millimeter are chosen and the incident angles of infrared light are less than 3 degree. The cooler and temperature controller of Nd∶YAP rod are improved and the lower dopant concentration of the Nd∶YAP (0.6 at. %) is chosen, thus the thermal effect of the laser rod is decreased. Under a pump power of 10 W, the output powers for the second harmonic wave and the fundamental wave of 1.02 W and 700 mW are simultaneously obtained with the intensity fluctuations less than ±0.65% and ±0.5%, respectively. With the frequency stabilizing servo system on, the frequency stabilities for 0.54 μm and 1.08 μm wavelengths are better than ±484 kHz and ±240 kHz, respectively.
FeCo2S4/Ni foam: A Bimetallic Sulfide Electrocatalyst with Efficient and Robust Behavior

The development of effective, feasible, stable, and inexpensive electrocatalysts has been a great challenge in the field of overall water splitting (WS). Herein, a bifunctional electrocatalyst (BF ECS), FeCo2S4 nanowire (FCS NWs/Ni)/nickel (Ni) foam, with superior HER/OER activity and stability was designed and fabricated using a hydrothermal method. In addition, this efficient method can be used for the synthesis of other bimetallic MCo2S4 sulfides (M = Cu, Zn, Mn, etc.). Electrochemical experiments showed the as-synthesized FCS NWs/Ni exhibited overpotentials of 350.5, 203.7, 115.97, and 62.6 mV (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 1 M KOH) at the current density of −10 mA cm−2 for HER, including small overpotentials of 1.51, 1.36, 1.24, and 1.11 V (10 mA cm−2) in a 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 1 M KOH solution for OER. The FCS NWs/Ni has a splendid electrocatalytic performance which is related to the synergistic effect of cobalt, iron, and sulfur. Specifically, it has excellent electrical conductivity, a higher specific capacity, and a rich redox state of iron, cobalt, and sulfur elements. The results demonstrate a promising method for the design and fabrication of metal BF ECS for overall water splitting.
Magnifying Endoscopy with Narrow-Band Imaging for Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors

Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare subepithelial tumors that arise from the neuroendocrine cells beneath the epithelial layer. However, an accurate histopathological diagnosis is difficult when tissue samples are obtained using conventional endoscopic forceps biopsy alone. This study aimed to evaluate the magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) findings of duodenal NETs. We retrospectively analyzed a database of 22 duodenal NETs from 21 patients who underwent ME-NBI between January 2011 and June 2022. The ME-NBI, endosonographic, and histopathologic findings of duodenal NETs were analyzed. Nineteen lesions were located in the bulb, two were located in the superior duodenal angle, and one was located in the second portion of the duodenum. Eighteen lesions (82%) had IIa morphology, and nine (41%) had central depression on the surface. On endoscopic ultrasonography, almost all lesions (20/22, 91%) were located in the second and/or third layers, and the median tumor size was 6 mm. During ME-NBI, the microsurface pattern was regular in 18 lesions (82%) and absent in 4 (18%). The microvascular pattern was regular in 17 lesions (77%), irregular in 4 (18%), and absent in 1 (5%). Thickened subepithelial vessels were observed in 15 (68%) lesions. There was no difference in tumor size according to the presence or absence of thickened subepithelial vessels (6.1 ± 1.8 mm vs. 5.9 ± 3.8 mm, p = 0.860). In conclusion, the characteristic ME-NBI findings of duodenal NETs were regular microsurface and microvascular patterns and the presence of thickened subepithelial vessels. These ME-NBI features may be useful for differentiating duodenal NETs from other duodenal subepithelial lesions.
Spanish adaptation of the Math and Me Survey in primary education: Measuring second and fourth graders’ attitudes toward mathematics

Abstract The English version of the “Math and Me Survey” was developed to measure mathematical attitudes of elementary students. This study was used to translate, validate and examine the attitudes of Spanish students in the second and fourth grades of primary school. The translation-back translation procedure was adopted. A total of 81 students (42 boys and 39 girls), with a mean age of 8.19 years completed the Spanish survey. The psychometric properties of the adapted survey were examined by internal consistency, reliability and factorial structure. The exploratory factor analysis of the 18-item adapted questionnaire provided a two-factor structure, similar to the original questionnaire: mathematical self-concept and enjoyment of mathematics. For each factor, the Spanish survey had high internal consistency, respectively ω = . 89 and ω =. 91. However, the confirmatory factor analysis did not show overall good fit. The adapted survey should be interpreted with caution, suggesting a need for further investigation to be used as an effective tool for evaluating math self-concept and enjoyment in a Spanish-speaking context. In addition, the results of its application indicated that (1) second-graders had a better mathematics self-concept and enjoy mathematics more than fourth-graders, and (2) boys had a greater mathematics self-concept than girls, but girls enjoyed this subject more in second grade.
An Overview of the Cardioprotective Effects of Novel Antidiabetic Classes: Focus on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Fibrosis

Metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus (DM), are significant global public health concerns. Despite the widespread use of standard-of-care therapies, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death among diabetic patients. Early and evidence-based interventions to reduce CVD are urgently needed. Large clinical trials have recently shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) ameliorate adverse cardiorenal outcomes in patients with type 2 DM. These quite unexpected positive results represent a paradigm shift in type 2 DM management, from the sole importance of glycemic control to the simultaneous improvement of cardiovascular outcomes. Moreover, SGLT2i is also found to be cardio- and nephroprotective in non-diabetic patients. Several mechanisms, which may be potentially independent or at least separate from the reduction in blood glucose levels, have already been identified behind the beneficial effect of these drugs. However, there is still much to be understood regarding the exact pathomechanisms. This review provides an overview of the current literature and sheds light on the modes of action of novel antidiabetic drugs, focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis.
Transplacental Transport of Artificial Sweeteners

The prevalence of obesity is increasing, and the origins of obesity and metabolic dysfunction may be traced back to fetal life. Currently, overweight pregnant women are advised to substitute sugar-sweetened beverages with diet drinks containing artificial sweeteners. Recent evidence suggests that the consumption of artificial sweeteners during pregnancy increases the risk of obesity in the child, but the mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized the transportation of artificial sweeteners across the placenta into the fetal circulation and the amniotic fluid. We included 19 pregnant women who were given an oral dose of acesulfame, cyclamate, saccharin, and sucralose immediately before a planned caesarean section. Nine women were included as controls, and they refrained from an intake of artificial sweeteners. The maternal and fetal blood and amniotic fluid were collected during the caesarean section, and concentrations of artificial sweeteners were measured using mass spectrometry. We found a linear relationship between the fetal plasma concentrations of artificial sweeteners and the maternal plasma concentrations, with adjusted coefficients of 0.49 (95% CI: 0.28–0.70) for acesulfame, 0.72 (95% CI: 0.48–0.95) for cyclamate, 0.51 (95% CI: 0.38–0.67) for saccharin, and 0.44 (95% CI: 0.33–0.55) for sucralose. We found no linear relationship between amniotic fluid and fetal plasma concentrations, but there were positive ratios for all four sweeteners. In conclusion, the four sweeteners investigated all crossed the placenta and were present in the fetal circulation and amniotic fluid.
The effect of the Ebe Evimde application on the self-efficacy and anxiety levels of mothers: Randomized controlled trial

Objective Family health can be improved by making home visits with mobile applications. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of a mobile application and web-based software called Ebe Evimde (My Home Midwife), which was designed by the researchers for use in the postpartum period, on mothers’ self-efficacy and anxiety levels. Methods Home visits to 60 mothers in the intervention group, who are over 18 years of age, who have given birth at term, who have no complications in mother and baby, and who are in the second to fifth postpartum days, were made with the online home visits mobile support application Midwifery Home software and their self-efficacy and anxiety levels were evaluated. Mothers were divided into two groups as intervention (60) and control group (60) using a random number table. Results While there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest self-efficacy levels of the intervention group, there was no difference between the pretest and posttest self-efficacy levels of the control group. When the groups obtained from the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale were examined, it was seen that there was a negative and very strong significant relationship between the pretest and posttest scores of the mothers in the intervention group, while when the relationship between the pretest and posttest scores of the mothers in the control group was examined; no significant relationship was observed. Conclusion The practice of Ebe Evimde (My Home Midwife) had a positive effect on mothers’ self-efficacy and postpartum anxiety levels.
Interaction in Li@Fullerenes and Li+@Fullerenes: First Principle Insights to Li-Based Endohedral Fullerenes

This work reveals first principle results of the endohedral fullerenes made from neutral or charged single atomic lithium (Li or Li+) encapsulated in fullerenes with various cage sizes. According to the calculated binding energies, it is found that the encapsulation of a single lithium atom is energetically more favorable than that of lithium cation. Lithium, in both atomic and cationic forms, exhibits a clear tendency to depart from the center in large cages. Interaction effects dominate the whole encapsulation process of lithium to carbon cages. Further, the nature of the interaction between Li (or Li+) and carbon cages is discussed based on reduced density gradient, energy decomposition analysis, and charge transfer.
Study of Streptococcus mutans in Early Biofilms at the Surfaces of Various Dental Composite Resins

Background: Biofilm deposit on the composite restoration is a common phenomenon and bacterial growth follows the deposition. The study aims to evaluate Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) early biofilm formation on the surfaces of various dental composite resins by using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. Materials and methods: Thirty-two discs, where eight discs were in each group of Filtek Supreme Ultra (FSU; 3M, St. Paul, MN), Clearfil AP-X (APX; Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Tokyo, Japan), Beautifil II (BE2; Shofu, Inc., Kyoto, Japan), and Estelite Sigma Quick (ESQ; Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan), were fabricated and subjected to S. mutans biofilm formation in an oral biofilm reactor for 12 hours. Contact angles (CA) were measured on the freshly fabricated specimen. The attached biofilms underwent fluorescent microscopy (FM). S. mutans from biofilms were analyzed using a qPCR technique. Surface roughness (Sa) measurements were taken before and after biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), including energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) analysis, was also performed for detecting relative elements on biofilms. Results: The study showed that FSU demonstrated the lowest CA while APX presented the highest values. FM revealed that condensed biofilm clusters were most on FSU. The qPCR results indicated the highest S. mutans DNA copies in the biofilm were on FSU while BE2 was the lowest (p < 0.05). Sa test signified that APX was significantly the lowest among all materials while FSU was the highest (p < 0.05). SEM displayed areas with apparently glucan-free S. mutans more on BE2 compared to APX and ESQ, while FSU had the least. Small white particles detected predominantly on the biofilms of BE2 appeared to be Si, Al, and F extruded from the resin. Conclusion: Differences in early biofilm formation onto various composite resins are dependent on the differences in material compositions and their surface properties. BE2 showed the lowest quantity of biofilm accumulation compared to other resin composites (APX, ESQ, and FSU). This could be attributed to BE2 proprieties as a giomer and fluoride content.