Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planting Date, Irrigation, and Row Spacing Effects on Agronomic Traits of Food-grade Soybean

A niche market for food-grade soybean varieties has emerged in the United States in recent years. However, knowledge of optimal management practices for new varieties of food-grade soybean in the southern United States is currently lacking. Therefore, the objectives of the study were: 1) to determine favorable production practices for current specialty soybean cultivars; 2) to determine heritability of major agronomic traits in multiple environments; and 3) to determine correlations among these traits in specialty soybean. Several agronomic traits of eight soybean genotypes, representing tofu, natto, and conventional varieties currently available in the southern United States, were assessed with three variables: planting date (April, May, and June), irrigation treatment (irrigated and dryland), and row spacing (narrow and wide). Yield, seed size, maturity, plant height, lodging, shattering, and stand count were measured after maturity. Among planting dates, the May planting resulted in the greatest yield and height; whereas varieties planted in April were the shortest and produced the lowest yield. June plantings resulted in longer days to maturity. Irrigation improved yield and extended days to maturity. Row spacing did not have a significant effect on yield, seed size, maturity, or plant height. Among all environments, seed size was highly heritable, and yield heritability was relatively low. Yield and maturity were negatively correlated, yield was positively correlated with height, and maturity was positively correlated with seed size. These results can be used to optimize specialty soybean seed production in the southern United States.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths species in cattle raised at Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

Helminths are worm-like parasites that live in the gut of animals or humans that feed on the host to obtain nourishment and protection, sometimes causing morbidity and mortality if not treated. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminths Species in Cattle at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State. Faecal sedimentation methods were carried out to detect the presence of parasitic infections. Faecal egg and oocyst counts were carried out using the McMaster technique. A total of 72 (100%) fecal samples consisting of 52 (72.2%) females and 20 (27.80%) males were examined. McMaster has an overall prevalence of 40(55.5%), and 2 (2.8%) Strongyloides and Monienzia sp. while sedimentation techniques show the prevalence of 38(52.8%) and 1(1.4%) Paramphistomium sp. Trichuris and Haemonchus sp. No significant differences (p < 0.05) in the occurrence of parasitic helminths in the samples with respect to locations and techniques used. Fecal samples were examined among the sexes, females had 2(10.0%) and age group >18 years with 2(3.2%) co-infected with helminths. Across the breed, white Fulani had 2(3.2%) mixed infections compared to other breeds. The study revealed that GIT parasitic helminths infections prevalence is common among white Fulani cattle probably due to open grazing and scavenging. There is a need to sensitize nomads on deworming to mitigate the GIT infections and improve animal health status.
Life Cycle Boundaries and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Beef Cattle

Beef cattle are estimated to directly contribute 26% of U.S. agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and future climate change policy may target reducing these emissions. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of GHG emissions from U.S. feedlot beef cattle was conducted to compare methods of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with a more complete evaluation of emissions. The inclusion of emissions from crop production for feed, associated land use change, and other minor factors nearly doubled GHG emissions associated with beef feedlots from the EPA Annual Inventory estimate of 1611 kgCO 2 e hd-1 yr-1 to 3182 ± 167 kgCO 2 e hd-1 yr-1. Feeding of coproducts from ethanol production is estimated to reduce feedlot emissions by 6%. Furthermore, inclusion of pasture and land use change emissions from the cow-calf stage of the animal life cycle nearly tripled GHG emissions compared to the feedlot LCA (6.0 to 16.67 ± 0.32 kgCO 2 e kg-1 beef). Despite use of expanded system boundaries in the LCA, U.S. beef cattle GHG emissions were lower than the majority of previous U.S. and international assessments of beef cattle. Nearly a 16-fold range in results can be found for U.S. beef using different system boundaries and assumptions. Use of LCA-driven carbon pricing on U.S. beef could reduce beef demand and associated beef GHG emissions by 2.7 to 21 Tg CO 2 e yr-1 .
1 Introdução

This paper investigates the empirical relevance of the banking system and, in particular, of bank loans for the transmission of monetary policy in Brazil. Using a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, it examines the effect of a monetary policy shock on the banks’ balance sheets. The main purpose is to determine whether monetary policy affects only the liabilities side of the banks’ balance sheets, as suggested by the traditional approach (―monetary views‖), or whether it also affects the assets side of the banks’ balance sheets, altering the composition of the portfolios, particularly the conditions (volume and prices) in which loans are offered, as suggested by the modern ―credit views. ‖ The paper seeks, therefore, to identify the relevance of the credit channel of monetary policy transmission.
Glacial Lakes Variation and the Potentially Dangerous Glacial Lakes in the Pumqu Basin of Tibet during the Last Two Decades

Along with glacier retreating due to global warming, more and more meltwater cumulates in glacial lakes, resulting in expansion of lake surface. Rapid accumulation of water in glacial lakes, particularly in those lakes adjacent to retreating glaciers, can lead to a sudden outburst of the unstable dams in front of the lakes. The glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) often has catastrophic effect on downstream regions. The GLOF causes many dangers to local people, as well as to houses, bridges, fields, forests and roads. The lakes at risk are situated in remote and inaccessible areas. Remote sensing provides a feasible method to monitor these glacial lakes. Satellite images (ASTER) acquired in 2000/2001 were interpreted and compared with the report of the First Expedition to Glaciers and Glacier lakes in the Pumqu and Poiqu River Basins, Xizang (Tibet), China. The final results have shown that there are 225 glacial lakes with a total area of 1,062 km+2, and there are 24 glacial lakes were identified as the potentially dangerous lakes in the Pumqu basin. It provides the basic information for GLOF mitigation measures, as well as for their monitoring and establishing an early warning system.
Postcollisional lithospheric evolution of the Southeast Carpathians: Comparison of geodynamical models and observations

Seismic evidence and thermal and topographic transients have led to the interpretation of lithospheric removal beneath the Southeast Carpathians region. A series of numerical geodynamic experiments in the context of the tectonic evolution of the region are conducted to test the surface‐crustal response to lithosphere delamination and slab break‐off. The results show that a delamination‐type removal (“plate‐like” migrating instability) causes a characteristic pattern of surface uplift/subsidence and crustal extension/shortening to occur due to the lithospheric deformation and dynamic/thermal forcing of the sublithospheric mantle. These features migrate with the progressive removal of the underlying lithosphere. Model results for delamination are comparable with observables related to the geodynamic evolution of the Southeast Carpathians since 10 Ma: the mantle structure inferred by seismic tomography, migrating patterns of uplift (>1.5 km) and subsidence (>2 km) in the region, crustal thinning in the Carpathian hinterland and thickening at the Focsani depression, and regional extension in the Carpathian corner (e.g., opening of Brasov basin) correlating with volcanism (e.g., Harghita and Persani volcanics) in the last 3 Myr.
On the use of weather data in ecological studies along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients

Global warming has created a need for studies along climatic gradients to assess the effects of temperature on ecological processes. Altitudinal and latitudinal gradients are often used as such, usually in combination with air temperature data from the closest weather station recorded at 1.52 m above the ground. However, many ecological processes occur in, at, or right above the soil surface. To evaluate how representative the commonly used weather station data are for the microclimate relevant for soil surface biota, we compared weather station temperatures for an altitudinal (500900 m a.s.l.) and a latitudinal gradient (4968 degrees N) with data obtained by temperature sensors placed right below the soil surface at five sites along these gradients. The mean annual temperatures obtained from weather stations and adjusted using a lapse rate of -5.5 degrees C km-1 were between 3.8 degrees C lower and 1.6 degrees C higher than those recorded by the temperature sensors at the soil surface, depending on the position along the gradients. The monthly mean temperatures were up to 10 degrees C warmer or 5 degrees C colder at the soil surface. The within-site variation in accumulated temperature was as high as would be expected from a 300 m change in altitude or from a 4 degrees change in latitude or a climate change scenario corresponding to warming of 1.63.8 degrees C. Thus, these differences introduced by the decoupling are significant from a climate change perspective, and the results demonstrate the need for incorporating microclimatic variation when conducting studies along altitudinal or latitudinal gradients. We emphasize the need for using relevant temperature data in climate impact studies and further call for more studies describing the soil surface microclimate, which is crucial for much of the biota.
Deposits of Sorted Material in the Inarijoki-Tana River Valley in Lapland,

Abstract : The paper deals with the morphology of the main valley of the drainage area and with the formations in the sorted material at the bottom of the valley. The sinuosity of the river valley is described by a method which facilitates and focuses on comparison of different river valleys. The depth and width of the valley is also systematically analysed. The melting of the continental ice sheet has been very rapid in the area. A late glacial sea phase has reached deep to the main valley. At the bottom of the valley there is a bed of sorted material, 20--70m thick. The most important formations are eskers, deltas, kame terraces, basin floor deposits, valley trains, outwash fans, river terraces and dunes. Their morphology and structure are explained in the paper. (Author)
A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: This study will systematically synthesize the evidence on the potential association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and depression disorder (DD). Methods:Wewill search the following electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, the Chinese Bio Medical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the China Science and Technology Journal database (VIP) and Wanfang Data. In addition, ongoing trials will be retrieved from the WHO ICTRP Search Portal, the Chinese Clinical Trial Register and The Clinical Trials Register. Articles related to gastroesophageal reflux disease and depression will be searched. And language and time will be unlimited. Results: The study will afford additional insight into the investigation the association between GERD and DD. Conclusions: The results of this study will provide helpful evidence to explore the association between GERD and DD. Registration number: INPLASY202090026. Abbreviations: DD = depression disorder, GERD = gastroesophageal reflux disease, RCTS = randomized controlled trials.
A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common chronic degenerative disorder with an increasingly prevalence among the older individuals and the leading cause of pain in the elderly. Baduanjin, one of the ancient traditional Chinese mind-body exercise routine, has been recognized to have clinical benefits for KOA. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Baduanjin for patients with KOA through this systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods:Four English databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, andWeb of Science), and 4 Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Wanfang Database), will be searched from establishment of the database until October 2020. The reference lists and the citation lists of studies meeting the inclusion criteria will also be searched to identify further studies for inclusion. The search languages are English and Chinese. The randomized controlled trials of Baduanjin training for patients with KOA will be included. The primary outcome will be assessed according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. Meta-analysis will be conducted with the use of RevMan 5.3. Results: The results of this research will be submitted to a peer-reviewed publications. Conclusion: This systematic review aims to present evidence for whether Baduanjin training is an effective intervention which can improve both physical condition and life quality in patients suffering KOA. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY202090051. Abbreviations: KOA = knee osteoarthritis, RCT = randomized controlled trial.
Rate of Variations Between Field Bean Cultivars Due to Sowing Dates and Foliar Spraying Treatments

Background: Shedding phenomena of field bean plant usually took place in serious values especially for buds, flowers and immature pods leading to a great reduction in seed yield. Thus, the main objective of this study was to study the performance of some field bean cultivars under sowing dates and foliar treatments. Methods: Field experiments were carried out during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 seasons to find out the performance of cultivars (Sakha 1, Sakha 2 and Giza 3 improved) under sowing dates (15th October, 1st November and 15th November) and foliar treatments (without, spraying with water, yeast extract, GA and mixture of yeast extract+GA ). Each sowing date was performed 3 3 in a separate experiment. Every experiment was carried out in strip-plot design with four replications. The vertical plots were assigned to cultivars and the horizontal plots were occupied with foliar treatments. Results: Sowing on 1st November gave highest growth parameters, seed yield and its components and protein%. However, sowing on 15th October produced highest shedding% and lowest values of other characters. Sakha 1 cultivar significantly superior Sakha 2 and Giza 3 improved and recorded highest values of all studied characters. Sakha 2 cultivar recorded highest percentages of shedding. Foliar spraying with mixture of yeast extract and GA surpassed other foliar treatments and 3 resulted in highest values of all studied characters, excluding shedding percentage. Conclusion: Sowing Sakha 1 cultivar on 1st November and spraying with mixture of yeast extract+GA reducing shedding percentage and 3 maximizing field bean seed productivity.
A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) can increase the risk of heart failure (HF) clinically. However, thyroxine therapy for patients with HF and SCH has the risk of developing tachyarrhythmias. At present, there is no sufficient evidence-based medical evidence for levothyroxine in the therapy of this situation, and the treatment issue is still controversial. Therefore, our meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of thyroxine therapy for patients with HF and SCH. Methods:Wesearched the related randomizedcontrolled trials thathavebeenpublished in the following7electronicdatabases:PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Chongqing VIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese biomedical literature database, and Wan Fangdatabase. The treatment groupwas treatedwith routineHF therapy plus thyroxine,while the control groupwas treatedwithHF routine therapy.Main outcomemeasures effective rate andNewYorkHeart Association classification; Secondary outcomemeasures included: left ventricular ejection fraction, quality of life score, brain natriuretic peptide / N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide, 6-minute walk test, and adverse events. After screening studies andextractingdata,wewill useCochranecollaborative tools to evaluate the risk of bias to assess the methodological quality of the included randomized controlled trials. We will use STATA 14.0 software for data synthesis and statistical analysis. Both subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will be used to detect potential sources of heterogeneity. In addition, we will use sensitivity analysis to test thestability of theoutcomes. If possible,wewill performa funnel chart andEggers test evaluatepublicationbias. The quality of the evidence will be evaluated through the grades of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation system. Results: Our findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Conclusion: This research will provide evidence about the efficacy and safety of thyroxine in the treatment of patients with HF and SCH. Objective to provide evidence-based medicine basis for thyroxine treatment of patients with SCH and HF. Registration number: INPLASY2020100062. Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval, CVD = cardiovascular disease, GRADE = grades of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation, HF = heart failure, RCTs = randomized controlled trials, SCH = Subclinical hypothyroidism.
A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship, research outcome and quality has been already evaluated for clinical trials in order to analyze if this kind of sponsorship affects the results of clinical trials. In this sense, this study has the aim to investigate whether placebo use allows positive outcomes regarding efficacy and safety compared to synthetic medicines. Methods: We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review for methodology data. We will only randomized clinical trials that use placebo as comparator. The main outcome will be the evaluation of placebo use regarding the tendency for positive results (efficacy and security) when comparing to synthetic medicines. PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS (BVS), Web of Science, Scopus, and Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) databases will be searched. Gray literature will be identified through the databases Proquest (Dissertation and Theses), OpenGrey and Google Scholar. Two review authors will independently assess trial quality and will extract data in accordance with standard Cochrane methodology. If necessary, we will also contact authors for additional information. The Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool will be used. If feasible, it means homogenous data, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses will be conducted for different justifications for placebo use and for studies sponsored/not sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry. Results: Our present findings will indicate the effects of placebo use as comparator regarding efficacy and safety of the oral synthetic medicines. Discussion: This systematic review will identify, summarize, and analyze if there is a trend for positive efficacy and safety results for synthetic medicines in clinical trials when compared with placebo and if the justification for placebo use is considered ethically acceptable. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018110829 Abbreviation: RCTs = randomized controlled clinical trials.
A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Sepsis is a worldwide health problem that is a leading cause of mortality due to infection. Sepsis is prevalent in infections that are complicated with organ failure. Generally, sepsis is intricate and impaired corticosteroid metabolism leads to complex outcomes. Therefore, the provision of corticosteroids could lead to improved clinical outcomes. The effect of corticosteroids therapy in adult patients with sepsis is not well studied. Therefore, this study is an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroids for treating adult cases of sepsis. Methods:We will systematically search the randomized controlled trials for potential eligible studies from online databases, which includes 5 English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library) and 4 Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Database, VIP information database, andChina Biomedical Database) from their origin to March 2021. Languages were restricted to English and Chinese. Two independent authors will be screening the literature, collect, and perform data extraction and quality assessment. Data will be synthesized using appropriate statistical methods. Results: This study will summarize present evidence to evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroids for the treatment of adult cases of sepsis. Conclusion: The results of the present study will provide the latest, reliable, superior quality evidence for the clinical application of corticosteroids for treating sepsis patients. Ethics and dissemination: The present study will use published data and does not require ethics approval. Protocol registration number: March 28, 2021.osf.io/tm6sw. (https://osf.io/tm6sw/) Abbreviation: RCT = randomized controlled trials.
Satellite studies of magnetospheric substorms on August 15, 1968: 7. Ogo 5 energetic proton observations—spatial boundaries

Directional proton fluxes (0.1–0.8 Mev) observed at pitch angles near 90° to B during the growth phase of the 0714 UT August 15, 1968, substorm showed a strong east-west asymmetry. Since the Ogo 5 spacecraft was in the north edge of the midnight plasma sheet in a taillike magnetic field, the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) spectrometer observed westward-directed fluxes having their gyrocenters located south of the satellite deeper in the sheet and eastward-directed fluxes having their gyrocenters north of the satellite toward the sheet boundary. We have used the directional flux variation to determine the flux profile north to south of Ogo 5 over ∼±0.4 RE approximately every 2 min during the substorm growth phase, 0640–0714 UT. At 0610 UT, before the substorm, the e fold length of the flux gradient was ∼1.3 RE, which slowly changed to ∼1.0 RE at 0640 UT, the start of the substorm growth phase. A thinning wave developed north of Ogo 5, showing an e fold length of ∼0.1 RE at 0700 UT, which dropped to ∼0.03 RE as the thinning wave passed south of the orbit of Ogo 5 just before the onset of expansion. The data suggest that the plasma sheet at ∼8 RE had shrunk from a half-thickness of >1.5 RE before the substorm to a few tenths of an earth radius. The velocity of the thinning wave perpendicular to B was found to vary from ∼4 km/sec at 0655 UT early in the growth phase to a peak of ∼10 km/sec just before expansion. The velocity of outward expansion of the plasma sheet in a direction inclined ∼45° to the GSM equator was estimated as 90 ± 30 km/sec.