Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On being agents of change: A qualitative study of elective experiences of medical students at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa

Background. Student electives during the 5th year of the University of Cape Town (UCT) medical curriculum provide a 4-week work experience in the health system. The reflective reports of past students indicate that the electives may significantly shape their developing identities as health professionals and agents of change. Objective. To better understand how 5th-year medical elective students perceive themselves as agents of change to strengthen the elective programme in the Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT. The hypothesis was that the more choice that students are given over their learning, the greater is their sense of agency. Methods. Thirteen 5th-year student volunteers participated in four focus group discussions soon after completing their electives in district, regional or tertiary health facilities in the South African health system. Thematic analysis of the transcripts was performed independently by two of the authors. Results. Key themes were the importance of providing holistic patient-centred care, becoming a competent health professional, working within the health team and advocating for a better health system. The elective experience helped students to be more confident in their abilities and to better understand how to effect change at a clinical and health system level. Conclusion. This study supported the hypothesis that the more choice students have over their learning, the greater is their sense of agency. The electives are appreciated as opportunities to develop clinical skills and competencies and to better understand the role of future doctors within the health team and health system. The value of the UCT elective programme could be enhanced by greater promotion, funding for rural electives, and post-elective peer-to-peer feedback sessions. This study will inform planning for an extended 2016 medical elective programme in the Faculty.
Instrument comparison for Aerosolized Titanium Dioxide

Instrument comparison for Aerosolized Titanium Dioxide Anand Ranpara Recent toxicological studies have shown that the surface area of ultrafine particles (UFP i.e., particles with diameters less than 0.1 micrometer) has a stronger correlation with adverse health effects than does mass of these particles. Ultrafine titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles are widely used in industry, and their use is associated with adverse health outcomes, such as micro vascular dysfunctions and pulmonary damages. The primary aim of this experimental study was to compare a variety of laboratory and industrial hygiene (IH) field study instruments all measuring the same aerosolized TiO2. The study also observed intra-­‐instrument variability between measurements made by two apparently identical devices of the same type of instrument placed side-­‐by-­‐side. The types of instruments studied were (1) DustTrakTM DRX, (2) Personal Data RAMsTM (PDR), (3) GRIMM, (4) Diffusion charger (DC) and (5) Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). Two devices of each of the four IH field study instrument types were used to measure six levels of mass concentration of fine and ultrafine TiO2 aerosols in controlled chamber tests. Metrics evaluated included real-­‐time mass, active surface area and number/geometric surface area distributions, and off-­‐line gravimetric mass and morphology on filters. DustTrakTM DRXs and PDRs were used for mass concentration measurements. DCs were used for active surface area concentration measurements. GRIMMs were used for number concentration measurements. SMPS was used for inter-­‐instrument comparisons of surface area and number concentrations. The results indicated that two apparently identical devices of each DRX and PDR were statistically not different with each other for all the trials of both the sizes of powder (p < 5%). Mean difference between mass concentrations, measured by two DustTrak DRX devices, was smaller than that measured by two PDR devices. DustTrak DRX measurements were closer to the reference method, gravimetric mass concentration, than the PDRs. Two apparently identical DC devices were statistically different with each other for fine particles but not for UFP. DC devices and SMPS were statistically different with each other for both sizes of particles. Two apparently identical GRIMM devices were statistically different with each other for fine particles. For UFP, results of GRIMM device were statistically different than SMPS but not for fine particles. These observations suggest that inter-­‐device within instrument and inter-­‐instrument agreements depend on particle size and instrument characteristics to measure nanoparticles at different concentration levels.
Estimating diffusion coefficients of shale oil, gas, and condensate with nano-confinement effect

Molecular diffusion plays an important role in oil and gas migration and transport in tight shale formations. However, there are insufficient reference data in the literature to specify the diffusion coefficients within a porous media. This study aims at calculating diffusion coefficients of shale gas, shale condensate, and shale oil at reservoir conditions with CO2 injection for EOR/EGR. The large nano-confinement effects including large gas-oil capillary pressure and critical property shifts on diffusion coefficient are examined. An effective diffusion coefficient that describes the diffusion behavior in a tight porous solid is estimated by using tortuosity-porosity relations as well as the measured shale tortuosity from 3D imaging techniques. The results indicated that nano - confinement could affect the diffusion behavior through altering the phase properties, such as phase compositions and densities. Compared to bulk phase diffusivity, the effective diffusion coefficient in a porous shale rock is reduce by 102 to 104 times as porosity decreases from 0.1 to 0.03.
Desempenho em consciência fonológica, memória operacional, leitura e escrita na dislexia familial

BACKGROUND: familial dyslexia. AIM: to characterize and compare the phonological awareness, working memory, reading and writing abilities of individuals whose family members are also affected. METHOD: in this study 10 familial nuclei of natural family relationship of individuals with dyslexia were analyzed. Families of natural individuals living in the west region of the state of Sao Paulo were selected. Inclusion criteria were: to be a native speaker of the Brazilian Portuguese language, to have 8 years of age or more, to present positive familial history for learning disabilities, that is, to present at least one relative with difficulties in learning. Exclusion criteria were: to present any neurological disorder genetically caused or not, in any of the family members, such as dystonia, extra pyramidal diseases, mental disorder, epilepsy, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHA); psychiatric symptoms or conditions; or any other pertinent conditions that could cause errors in the diagnosis. As for the diagnosis of developmental dyslexia, information about the familial history of the adolescents and children was gathered with the parents, so that a detailed pedigree could be delineated. Neurological, psychological, speech-language, and school performance evaluations were made with the individuals and their families. RESULTS: the results of this study suggest that the dyslexic individuals and their respective relatives, also with dyslexia, presented lower performances than the control group in terms of rapid automatic naming, reading, writing and phonological awareness. CONCLUSION: deficits in phonological awareness, working memory, reading and writing seem to have genetic susceptibility that possibly determine, when in interaction with the environment, the manifestation of dyslexia.
Liquefaction Resistance of Saturated Sand Reinforced With Polymer

iii ÖZ . v DEDICATION.vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . viii LIST OF FIGURES . xii LIST OF TABLES.xvi LIST OF SYMBOLS . xvii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.xix
Older people’s experience of radiotherapy services

The highest prevalence of cancer is seen in the older population. With an increase in average life expectancy, the age demographics of cancer patients have also increased. Studies have shown that health professionals are often unaware of the fact that older patients present different needs as compared to younger patients. Radiotherapy departments may also lack the necessary facilities to cater for additional care and support for older patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the experience of elderly cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. A qualitative approach was used in this experimental research. One focus group (n = 4) and two individual interviews were conducted with participants who had previously undergone radiotherapy in Ireland. The question schedule investigated key areas of care: travelling to care, emotional difficulties, information needs, financial costs and follow-up care. A thematic long table method was used to analyse the data. Department delays, radiotherapy staff, car-parking, embarrassment and lack of self-confidence, information overload, as well as poor emphasis on support groups were the impact themes identified. One of the main issues identified was in relation to the timing of information and “information overload”. Further investigation is required to elucidate this area.
Measurement of early wear rates with X3 polyethylene and 36-mm femoral heads in young patients – a prospective study

Background:Development of highly cross-linked polyethylene has allowed the use of larger femoral heads. We studied the wear rates of X3 polyethylene with 36-mm heads in younger patients to determine whether there was an increase in overall wear with these larger heads. Methods:This was a prospective study of 100 consecutive total hip arthroplasties. All received 36-mm heads with X3 polyethylene articulation. Follow-up averaged 2.3 (range, 1.99–2.87) years. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score and High Activity Arthroplasty Score (HAAS) were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Femoral head penetration was measured at 2 months, 1 year, 18 months, and 2 years using a validated edge-detecting software program by a blinded independent observer. Results:All patients had significant improvement in their functional scores (WOMAC and HAAS, P<0.001). Steady state two-dimensional wear rate was −0.05 mm/year. There were no significant differences in two-dimensional, three-dimensional, or volumetric wear when compared with age, polyethylene thickness, or the acetabular position. Conclusions:This study showed extremely low steady state wear rates in X3, highly cross-linked polyethylene when used together with 36-mm ceramic femoral heads for total hip arthroplasty at 2 years. At this early stage, these results offer reassurance to surgeons wishing to use larger femoral heads with X-3 polyethylene particularly in younger men.
Family Physician Corner When to Treat Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

It is not uncommon to encounter bacteria in the urine of an asymptomatic patient, as an incidental finding. The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria varies between 1% in young females up to 19% among the elderly population. It is also associated with the presence of genitourinary malformation, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, hemodialysis and indwelling catheters. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered one of the most common infections for which antibiotics are prescribed. Many common pathogens have been identified, such as Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus species, and group B streptococcus. In healthy patients the likely organism is E. coli, while in elderly patients especially those with an indwelling catheter the most likely organisms are the drug resistant P. aeruginosa or urease-producing organisms such as P. mirabilis, Providencia stuartii, and Morganella morganii.
Providing Information to Families in Newborn Hearing Screening Follow-Up: Professional Challenges

Abstract Universal newborn hearing screening is effective only when it leads to audiological and educational follow-up. The purpose of our study was to detect the essential factors that contribute to a high-quality follow-up to families with referred babies after hearing screening in Norway. In-depth interviews of six families were performed, as well as a web-based survey focusing on information needs. Informants were families of children born from 2003 to 2009 who did not pass hearing screening. Our findings stress the importance of comprehensive information given at an early stage, although this also may be overwhelming to many families. From the point of screening and throughout audiological, medical, developmental, and educational follow-up, parents react to the quality of information, affecting their trust in professionals. This is particularly evident when decisions need to be made based on ambiguous information. Dilemmas and challenges for professionals providing information to families are explored, and factors contributing to a high-quality follow-up are described.
Graduate choices in post-education jobs and careers : a literature review, May 2019

Higher education in England has evolved into a mass education system, with nearly one in two young people participating in higher education by the age of 30. Research shows that the vast majority of graduates are still working in what are considered graduate jobs, yet the transition from higher education into work has become more complex and prolonged. This literature review examines the career choices graduates make and how this links to their decisions when in higher education. Specifically, the report examines: (1) how the qualifications graduates gain enable them to practise in their chosen industry or profession; (2) the types of courses that qualify graduates to practise in their chosen industry or profession; (3) the extent to which graduates gain employment in their chosen field; and (4) the extent to which graduates change their minds about their career choices during their studies.
Role of Hepcidin in the Pathogenesis of Anemia Not Caused by Iron Deficiency

Background: The aim of the study is to assess the role of hepcidin in the pathogenesis of some types of anemia not caused by iron deficiency and to find out a possible relationship between serum hepcidin level and iron profile studies. Subjects and methods: The study was carried out on 80 subjects divided into 4 groups: Group I included 20 rheumatoid arthritis patients associated with anemia; Group II included 20 chronic liver disease patients associated with anemia; Group III included 20 patients with thalassemia and their results were compared with 20 apparently healthy subjects (Group IV) of matched age and sex as control group. Each individual was subjected to careful history taking, general examination, and routine laboratory investigations including iron profile in addition to hepcidin level assay. Results: There were statistically significant increase in hepcidin levels in group I, II, III when compared to control group (P=0.002, 0.001, <0.001) respectively. Also, hepcidin levels were significantly higher in group III compared to group I and II (P≤0.001, <0.001) respectively. While no significant difference was found between group I and II (P=0.665). There was significant strong positive correlation between hepcidin levels and serum ferritin levels in all patients groups (P≤0.001), and significant strong positive correlation between hepcidin levels and serum iron levels (P≤0.001), while there was significant negative correlation between hepcidin level and Hb level (P≤0.001). Conclusion: Hepcidin measurement is a useful tool in the work up of anemic patients associated with disturbed iron homeostasis. Hepcidin regulation must be taken into consideration in the full clinical spectrum of thalassemia and chronic hepatitis C patients.
Aspects of Flow and Heat Transfer in Finned Tube Bundles

The heat transfer experiment was performed in a specialized rig, with hot air as a substitute for exhaust gas. Both heat transfer and pressure drop were investigated for a staggered tube array consisting of elliptical tubes with rectangular fins. The Reynolds number was based on the minimum flow area and the hydraulic diameter of the tubes, and was varied from 5 500 to 38 600. Through a data reduction procedure, correlations for both heat transfer and pressure drop were found in the form of Euler-Reynolds and Nusselt-Reynolds equations, respectively. The Euler-Reynolds equations were Eu = 13.910Re−0.28 for the large orifice and Eu = 19.129Re−0.31 for the small orifice. These show a good agreement with published correlations, and the exponents are well within the range of previous work. The NusseltReynolds equations were Nu = 0.576Re for the large orifice and Nu = 0.576Re for the small orifice. The Nusselt-Reynolds correlations show some deviation compared to previous work. This deviation was thought to be the result of fouling inside the tubes, and an attempt to quantify the fouling factor was made. Accounting for this fouling factor showed that a fouling factor of 0.0004 0.0007 mK/W would correlate the results nicely with previous work. To investigate the risk of excessive tube vibration in compact heat exchanger units, a Fortran 90 program was created. The program returns the the natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes of a finned tube with intermediate supports. In addition to this, it assesses the risk of vortex induced vibration, fluid-elastic instability, turbulent buffetting and acoustic resonance, based on input chosen by the user. To test the program, it was run with the same input as two previously worked examples from the literature, and managed to replicate the results well.
Congenital Forearm Pseudarthrosis: Report of Six Cases and Review of the Literature

Congenital forearm pseudarthrosis is a rare clinical entity; only 27 cases have been reported in the English literature. The radius and ulna are affected with nearly equal frequency. Involvement of both bones is extremely rare. Most cases have been associated with neurofibromatosis, which appears to affect adversely the ability to obtain union by conventional corticocancellous grafting. We present a series of six patients treated by various methods. In two of our patients we obtained promising results, as did Allieu et al., by utilizing free vascularized fibular transfer. This may provide an attractive solution to a condition which is historically refractory to conventional operative management.
Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Foundations and guidelines for animal-assisted interventions, 4th ed.

In the 15 years since the first edition of Handbook on Animal-Assisted Therapy published, the field has changed considerably. The fourth edition of the Handbook highlights advances in the field, with 11 new chapters and over 40% new material. In reading this book, therapists will discover the benefits of incorporating animal-assisted therapy (AAT) into their practices, best practices in animal-assisted intervention, how to design and implement animal-assisted interventions, and the efficacy of AAT with different disorders and patient populations. Coverage includes the use of AAT with children, the elderly, those receiving palliative care, as well as people with chronic disorders, AIDS, trauma, and autistic spectrum disorders. Additional chapters cover techniques for working with families, in juvenile and criminal justice systems, and in colleges and universities. * Summarizes efficacy research on AAT* Identifies how to design and implement animal assisted interventions* Provides methods, standards, and guidelines for AAT* Discusses AAT for children, the elderly, and special populations* Describes AAT use in different settings* Includes 11 new chapters and 40% new material
The Association of Spatial Accessibility to Health Care Services with Health Utilization and Health Status Among People with Disabilities

The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine the importance of spatial accessibility to health care services utilization and to the health status of persons with disabilities. This study utilizes two datasets (Survey of Access to Outpatient Medical Service in the Rural Southeast and Ohio Family Health Survey) to analyze. ArcGIS 9.2 was use to measure spatial accessibility to health care services. Bivariate analysis for health services utilization and health status included t-tests, and Chi-square, as appropriate for the level of measurement. Logistic regression models identified for the three outcomes (health care visit, regular check up visit, and perceived poor health
Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Among School Teachers in Kurnool - Andhra Pradesh

Introduction: Teacher plays pivotal role in any educational system and if they are well educated, intellectually alive and take keen interest in their job, then only success is ensured. Present study was done with an aim to know the knowledge, attitude and practices among school teachers regarding oral health. Methods: closed ended questionnaire was filled by 500 school teachers chosen by stratified random sampling. Results: Response rate is 100 % with 250 school teachers from Govt and privates schools. No statistical significant results were found based on age , sex, type of school and income when it comes to knowledge and attitude , but statistical significance was found based on income (p<0.05) when compared with behavior of school teachers with better practices on oral health seen as the monthly income increases.
Understanding Morbidity Change: Reply to Riley

1992) for understanding morbidity change. Among the more contentious issues, Riley challenges the importance of the distinction between self-perceived morbidity and observed morbidity. He then claims that the duration of disease episodes is on average increasing. This increase is framed in terms of the epidemiological transition (Omran, 1971). According to Riley, the distinction between self-perceived and observed morbidity is false. Because self-perceived morbidity is partially informed by expert opinion, the difference between self-perceived and observed morbidity cannot be maintained. Yet, the evidence presented in our article is hard to refute. Self-reported and observed rates of various diseases do differ both in developing and developed communities. The existence of this difference was in a large part the motivation for our conceptual framework. The distinction between selfperceived and observed morbidity depends critically on the type of morbidity. We identified three types: morbidity that can be observed but not perceived, such as hypertension; morbidity that can be perceived but not observed, such as pain; and morbidity that can be observed and perceived, such as retinopathy. Clearly, the first category of morbidity can only be self-reported after contact with health services. The extensive literature on untreated and often undiagnosed hypertension in black Americans is testament to the importance of access to health services in influencing self-reported morbidity even in a high-income society. The second category of morbidity depends exclusively on self-perception. "Observations" of pain are essentially based on patient history. There is no battery of tests to detect the degree of pain or suffering. The often wide variance between self-reported and observed levels of the third type of morbidity requires the most explanation. Self-perceived morbidity is a complex function of observed morbidity, health expectations, contact with health services or other sources of health knowledge, and the social and cultural context. Riley appears to share our belief in the complex set of determinants of self-perceived and self-reported morbidity. His argument could be reformulated to state that over time, through exposure to expert opinion, self-perceived and