Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Species Specific Changes in Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Deciduous and Evergreen Tree Species Growing Under Short Rotation High Density Energy Plantation in North-Western Himalaya

Diurnal changes in chlorophyll (chl) a fluorescence characteristics of Sun exposed and shaded leaves of somerndeciduous and evergreen tree species growing under short rotation high density energy plantation in north-westernrnHimalaya, during sunny and cloudy days were recorded. Significant reduction in photochemical efficiency ofrnphotosystem (PS) 2 measured as Fv/Fm ratio during period of maximum irradiance was observed in Sun exposedrnleaves of some tree species. The extent of this reduction was actually a function of various plant processes. Thernobservations were recorded in 3 years for different selected months and time. The maximum photoinhibition wasrnrecorded in between 12.00 noon to 14.00 hrs. Among the deciduous species, Salix tetrasperma showed thernmaximum reduction (46%), whereas Grevillea robusta showed least decline (< 31%) in the Fv/Fm ratio in 1994. Inrn1995, some species showed maximum reduction 60%, and other species like Trewia nudiflora, Toona ciliata,rnMorus alba and Melia azedarach showed least decline (15 to 19%) in the Fv/Fm ratio. In 1995, Salix tetrasperma atrn14.00 hr. showed maximum reduction (34%), while at 9.00 hr, 11.00 hr and 16.00 hr it showed least decline in thernFv/Fm ratio. viz, Salix tetrasperma and Eucalyptus hybrid. Some species as Salix tetrasperma were mostrnsusceptible to high irradiances. Prolonged exposure of these plants to high irradiances resulted in lesionrndevelopment on leaves characterized by reduction in pigment content and Fv/Fm ratio. Plant species withrnconsiderable midday decline in Fv/Fm ratio showed (i) slight but significant rise in initial fluorescence (Fo), (ii)rnpronounced decrease in Fm value, and (iii) significant reduction in area over the curve between Fo and Fmrnindicating the pool size of electron acceptors on the reducing side of PS2. The depression in Fv/Fm ratio thoughrnreversible could not be alleviated even after watering the plants. No reduction in Fv/Fm was observed in shadernleaves of the same plants and/or when measurement were taken on cloudy days and morning (9.00 and 11.00 hr),rnand evening (14.00 hrs and 16.00 hr) hours. Hence high solar radiation and high atmospheric evaporative demandrnexisting during summer/draught period could probably be the major contributory factor for this reduction.
An investigation into the accuracy of surface temperature retrievals from the AATSR

This thesis investigates the accuracy of operational sea surface temperature (SST) and land surface temperature (LST) data from the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Ra­ diometer (AATSR). The study includes some of the first in situ validation results for these data sets, and forms an integral part of the overall AATSR validation programme. In ad­ dition, a comprehensive sensitivity study of the response of these retrievals to changes in atmospheric and surface conditions is also presented as an aid to interpreting validation results. AATSR SSTs recorded during 2003 have been validated over the Caribbean sea, using in situ observations of SST from the Marine-Atmosphere Emitted Radiance Interferometer (M-AERI). This validation experiment, which extends over a full year, is the most ex­ tensive yet performed for any of the ATSR instruments (ATSR-1, ATSR-2 and AATSR) using in situ SSTs derived from radiometric measurements. These data also provide a first opportunity to study seasonal biases using observations of this type. The results demonstrate that clear-sky SSTs obtained using the unique dual-viewing geometry of the AATSR agree with the in situ data to within 0.3 K. Nadir-only retrievals performed us­ ing three channels also provide SSTs that approach this accuracy, but the split-window retrievals are found to be warm-biased by ~0.6 K. When tropospheric dust aerosol is present, the accuracy of the retrieved SSTs is reduced, with the nadir-view SSTs becom­ ing cold biased and the dual-view SSTs, warm biased. For the first time, the potential for validation of LST over heterogeneous land sites is also explored. Two methodologies are presented for upscaling point in situ LSTs to the 1-km spatial scale of the AATSR, together with initial validation results over a field site in Morocco, which suggest that the AATSR LSTs are warm-biased by at least 0.6 K over this site. The findings of this study suggest that validation over heterogeneous sites is possible for situations where the variation of LST is characterised by several in situ point observations of LST.
Integrating Haar Wavelet Transform and Image Processing for Accurate Fire Detection

We discussed the proposed methodology for fire detection, which includes six stages: data acquisition, IoT transmitter, compression, recognition, enhancement, and analysis and evaluation. The methodology was implemented using MATLAB 2021 with specific computer specifications. The study used a webcam to capture a fire image and extracted color pixels from it. The Haar wavelet transform was used to compress the image and detect the red color information. Several image enhancement techniques, such as histogram equalization, Wiener filtering, and median filtering, were used to improve the image's quality. The inverse Haar wavelet transform was used for image recognition and analysis. This methodology can be useful for detecting fires in real-time and can be further improved with more advanced techniques.
Explaining energy efficiency behaviours among Argentinean citizens through the VBN model / Explicación de los comportamientos de eficiencia energética entre ciudadanos argentinos a través del modelo VCN

Abstract In Argentina, energy consumption is characterized by a high dependence on fossil fuels and a low cost for final consumers. Therefore, to encourage energy efficiency it is important to know which non-financial factors influence energy use. Numerous evidences suggest that the Value-Belief-Norm model (VBN) is an adequate framework to understand this behaviour. However, few studies tested VBN to predict energy efficiency behaviour and even fewer did so in Latin America. Our aim was to test whether a VBN model was successful for predicting household energy efficiency behaviours among Argentinian citizens (n = 275). Results showed that the VBN model indeed explained self-reported energy efficiency. Importantly, a VBN model version assessed by means of a path analysis showed a good fit to the data. Biospheric values and personal norms were particularly strong predictors of household energy efficiency. These results indicate that personal norms, activated by values, are able to predict energy efficiency actions in an Argentinean sample. These evidences suggest that moral considerations should be promoted in order to increase energy efficiency actions in Argentina.
The Added Value of Bronchoalveolar Lavage for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Diagnosis in High-Risk Hospitalized Patients with Negative Sputum Samples

Highlights What are the main findings? BAL was a diagnostic for pulmonary TB in 7% of high-risk isolated inpatients with negative sputum samples. Upper-lobe consolidation in chest X-rays, ≥2 sub-acute symptoms, and centrilobular nodules in chest CT scans were among the independent predictors for pulmonary TB. What is the implication of the main finding? Negative sputum samples had relatively good predictive ability in patients hospitalized with suspicion of pulmonary TB. Assessing sociodemographic, clinical, and radiological attributes could improve patient selection and reduce unnecessary tests and costs. Abstract Hospitalized patients with a high suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis (HS-PTB) are isolated until a definite diagnosis can be determined. If doubt remains after negative sputum samples, bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is often sought. Still, evidence of the added value of BAL in this patient population is scarce. To address this issue, we included consecutive HS-PTB patients with negative sputum samples who underwent BAL between 2017 and 2018. Chest X-rays (CXR) and CT scans were evaluated by a chest radiologist blind to the final diagnosis. Independent predictors for PTB were assessed by multivariate regression, using all positive PTB patients between 2017 and 2019 (by sputum or BAL) as a control group (n = 41). Overall, 42 HS-PTB patients were included (mean age 51 ± 9, 36% female). BAL was a viable diagnostic for PTB in three (7%) cases and for other clinically relevant pathogens in six (14%). Independent predictors for PTB were ≥2 sub-acute symptoms (adjusted OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.04–9.8), CXR upper-lobe consolidation (AOR 8.70, 95% CI 2.5–29), and centrilobular nodules in chest CT (AOR 3.96, 95% CI 1.20–13.0, p = 0.02). In conclusion, bronchoscopy with BAL in hospitalized patients with HS-PTB had a 7% added diagnostic value after negative sputum samples. Our findings highlight specific predictors for PTB diagnosis that could be used in future controlled studies to personalize the diagnostic evaluation.
User involvement or aspirations management?

The last decades have seen a shift towards activation policies in welfare states, such as the introduction programme for refugees in Norway, a qualification programme that seeks to prepare refugees for the labour market. In the last decade, the programme has placed further focus on refugees’ duties rather than their rights, as it had previously done. This article examines the strategies that work counsellors in the introduction programme use to ‘activate’ and assist newly arrived refugees as they prepare to enter the Norwegian labour market. We focus on how work counsellors guide and motivate refugees in this process. We draw on 10 semi-structured interviews with work counsellors in various municipalities in southwestern Norway. We suggest that the activating strategies used by the work counsellors may be seen as a form of aspirations management to get the refugees to shift their aspirations toward those the work counsellors see as more achievable within a shorter period, to get them more quickly into the labour market. We suggest that unchecked power dynamics, together with increasing time-pressure on work counsellors, may be at play leading them to exert too much influence, and leading to user involvement practice not being properly implemented.
Comparative Analysis of the Nutritional Quality of Zizania latifolia Cultivars Harvested in Different Growing Seasons

Zizania latifolia (Z. latifolia) is a popular aquatic vegetable with various nutrients in south China, but little is known about its cultivars and growing seasons in terms of the nutritional components. This work aims to characterize the nutrients of five Z. latifolia cultivars in different growing seasons. The results showed that Z. latifolia samples differed in terms of chemical parameters, which were significantly affected by variety, growing season, and their interaction. Zhejiao No. 8, harvested in the autumn, stood out with the highest levels of vitamin C. Tangxiajiao and Zhejiao No. 1 contained the highest values of total soluble solids, reducing sugar, soluble proteins, and amino acids. Significant differences were observed between the autumn Z. latifolia and spring samples; the former were of higher quality than the latter based on hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis. Moreover, total amino acids (TAA) and glutamic acid (GLU) were selected as the key indicators for Z. latifolia comprehensive quality by multiple linear regression analysis. This study provides essential information on Z. latifolia quality characteristics corresponding to cultivars and growing seasons, which lays the foundation for promoting the quality improvement of Z. latifolia scientifically.
International Competitions, Star Players, and NWSL Attendance

This paper analyzes match attendance for the National Women's Soccer League over its first seven seasons. Findings include large attendance boosts for matches played after the 2015 and 2019 Women's World Cup tournaments, but a negligible increase following the 2016 Summer Olympics. Large superstar effects for Alex Morgan and Abby Wambach are found as well as smaller effects for Sam Kerr and Carli Lloyd. Megan Rapinoe has a large star effect, but only for matches played following the Women's World Cups.
Detection of Chicken Diseases from Fecal Images with the Pre-Trained Places365-GoogLeNet Model

A variety of chicken diseases pose significant challenges to chicken farmers worldwide, posing a threat to the safety of food and potentially resulting in economic losses. In this study, we propose the utilization of the pre-trained deep learning model, Places365-GoogLeNet, for the detection of chicken diseases from chicken fecal images, including Healthy, Coccidiosis, Salmonella, and New Castle Disease. By leveraging the powerful image analysis capabilities of deep learning, our approach achieves a remarkable classification accuracy of 98.91%. This accuracy surpasses the results reported in related studies in the literature. Moreover, our findings highlight the potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques, particularly in the agricultural sector, for automated disease detection. The presented results not only contribute to early disease diagnosis and prompt intervention in poultry farming but also pave the way for future research to develop more advanced methods and utilize larger and diverse datasets to enhance the model's generalization ability.
Importance of Sanitation for Stored-Product Pest Management

Simple Summary The importance of sanitation in food storage areas is sometimes overlooked. However, sanitation is vitally important to ensure safe storage of food products. Without good sanitation, the stored commodities are more likely to become infested by mold, rodents, birds, and insect pests. This paper reviews the history of sanitation legislation, courses and conferences, and research on the costs, benefits and efficacy of sanitation that have led to current recommendations and regulations. Abstract Sanitation is essential for the cost-effective pest management of stored-product insects. The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938 led to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tightening regulatory standards, and many local surveys, courses and conferences were organized to prepare the industry for these new regulations. Sanitation removes insects and residual food, which may also provide shelter for insects, with heat treatments and insecticide applications. The number of insects removed by cleaning may be reduced as the number of available hiding places increases. Decreased sanitation negatively affects the efficacy of most other pest management practices, with means of 1.3- to 17-fold decreases in efficacy. The majority of studies quantifying the efficacy of sanitation have been performed on the farm storage of grain, but some studies have been conducted for grain elevators, food processing, and the marketing system. Results ranged from no effect of sanitation alone to very effective alone or with other methods. Sanitation can also reduce insect infestation prior to harvest. Some cost–benefit analyses have been conducted for sanitation.
Performance and Domain Adaptability of Object Detection Algorithms in Processed Colonoscopy Videos

Commercial computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been approved for clinical colonoscopy. However, the detected results of these systems can only be observed visually. In this paper, we compared different object detection models to detect the indication boxes generated by CAD systems during colonoscopy. Additionally, we also investigated the domain adaptability of these models for the detection in different sources. All the models were trained by 1,362 images recorded and analyzed by CAD EYE system. In a test set A composed of 401 images from the same system, Dynamic R-CNN achieved a precision 100%, sensitivity 99.6%, F1 score 99.8% and mAP(50-95) 87.2% for detection indication boxes. In a test set B composed of 1,474 images from EndoBRAIN-EYE system, Dynamic R-CNN achieved a precision 96%, sensitivity 99.9%, F1 score 97.9% and mAP(50-95) 78.7% for detection indication boxes. These results demonstrate that Dynamic R-CNN possesses a high detection rate for detecting the indication boxes generated by the CAD system in colonoscopy, also have exceptional domain adaptability.
Population-based cross-sectional study of sex-specific dose-response associations between night sleep duration and hypertension in Islamic Republic of Iran.

Background Several studies have suggested that sleep disorders have adverse effects on blood pressure. However, the findings remain controversial and only a few studies have investigated the association between sleep duration and hypertension among all age and sex subgroups. Aim To evaluate the dose-response association between sleep duration and blood pressure in the Iranian population using the Ravansar non-communicable disease cohort study. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 9865 participants aged 35-65 years from the 2014-2017 Ravansar non-communicable disease cohort study. Night sleep duration was classified as ≤5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, and ≥10 hours. The association between self-reported sleep duration and hypertension was examined using multivariable logistic regression in STATA version 14. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed the dose-response association between sleep duration and hypertension. Results The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 16.50% among men, 24.20% among women and 20.50% in the total population. Compared with reference sleep duration (7 hours) in the total population, the multivariable odds ratio [OR (95% CI)] for hypertension was 0.70 (0.55-0.88) for the group with 9 hours sleep duration and 0.90 (0.74-1.09) for the group with ≤5 hours sleep duration. Among pre-menopausal women, we observed an inverse association between 9 hours sleep duration and hypertension [0.62 (0.42-0.90)]. The age-adjusted cubic spline suggested a linear inverse association between sleep duration and prevalence of hypertension among men and the total population and a non-linear association among women. Conclusion Longer sleep duration (from 9 hours) had a negative association with hypertension. Further studies are needed to identify the risk factors associated with sleep duration and hypertension among the general population in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Using questionnaires in qualitative human geography

This chapter deals with questionnaires, an inlormation-gathering technique used frequently in mixed method research that draws on quantitative and qualitative data sources and analysis. We begin with a discussion of key issues in the design and conduct of questionnaires. We then explore the strengths and weaknesses for qualitative research of various question formats and questionnaire distribution and collection techniques. Finally, we consider some of the challenges of analysing qualitative responses in questionnaires and we close with a discussion of the limitations of using questionnaires in qualitative research.
Homofermentative Lactobacilli isolated from organic sources exhibit potential ability of lactic acid production

There has been an increasing interest in recent years in lactic acid bacteria that are derived from organic sources for lactic acid production. This research article presents the isolation and identification of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria from various novel organic sources, followed by qualitative and quantitative analyses of lactic acid produced. A total of 32 isolates were identified initially from various sources, such as curd (C1, C2), probiotics (P1, P2, and P3), silage (Si1 and Si2), soil samples (S1, S2, and S3), vermicompost (V1 and V2), and Farmyard manure. Biochemical tests such as Gram’s staining, catalase test, and oxidase test were conducted for preliminary identification of lactic acid bacteria using De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar (MRS) media. Through selection and identification, based on colony morphology and biochemical characteristics, 18 isolates were identified as lactic acid bacteria. The subsequent analysis included a tube test, screening for organic acid production, and homofermentative screening using homofermentative–heterofermentative differential (HHD) medium for qualitative analysis of lactic acid. The results revealed that 9 out of 18 selected strains were homofermentative and had promising potential for the production of lactic acid. Furthermore, six isolates (P1-1, S1-3, C2-1, V2-3, P2-1, and C1-1) from all of the nine positive strains were subjected to pH testing (0, 24, 48, and 72 h) and titrimetric assay for estimation of % crude lactic acid present. The presence of lactic acid was confirmed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). L (+)-Lactic acid was quantified using a K-LATE enzymatic assay kit, for the best three isolates (P1-1, S1-3, C2-1). Finally, the strains were subjected to 16SrRNA sequencing and were identified as Lactobacilli. Based on the findings of the study, it could be concluded that homofermentative lactic acid bacteria with significant LA-producing ability can be obtained from different organic sources and may prove to be useful in the successful production of lactic acid for biotechnological applications.
Co-Loading of Black Phosphorus Nanoflakes and Doxorubicin in Lysolipid Temperature-Sensitive Liposomes for Combination Therapy in Prostate Cancer

Black phosphorus (BP) is one of the most promising nanomaterials for cancer therapy. This 2D material is biocompatible and has strong photocatalytic activity, making it a powerful photosensitiser for combined NIR photothermal and photodynamic therapies. However, the fast degradation of BP in oxic conditions (including biological environments) still limits its use in cancer therapy. This work proposes a facile strategy to produce stable and highly concentrated BP suspensions using lysolipid temperature-sensitive liposomes (LTSLs). This approach also allows for co-encapsulating BP nanoflakes and doxorubicin, a potent chemotherapeutic drug. Finally, we demonstrate that our BP/doxorubicin formulation shows per se high antiproliferative action against an in vitro prostate cancer model and that the anticancer activity can be enhanced through NIR irradiance.
Digital Platforms and Media Use: An Exploratory Research on Trust, Gender Stereotypes and Bias in Turkey

Media use and news consumption occur throughout digital platforms as a rising trend worldwide. These digital infrastructures serve as channels through which users access content and as gatekeepers that curate the content figured by algorithmic selection. Thus, this research is designed to step inside the digital media use and aims to understand what kind of stereotypes and biases users face in digital platforms. To that end, a group of international university students from Turkey were interviewed about their experiences from several digital platforms. Accordingly, the participants were asked about the preferred source of the news, whether they trust the content they encounter on platforms, the stereotypes they face in their social media use, the most disturbing content in terms of bias and discrimination, if they feel free on their social media accounts, the awareness about the concepts “stereotypes”, “representation”, “algorithmic selection”, “algorithmic bias”. The research has shown that gender is the most common category of stereotype, followed by political, religious, nationality, and social class. In parallel with the concept of intersectionality, it has been observed that other forms of social discrimination are also encountered along with gender on digital platforms.