Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CsrA Positively and Directly Regulates the Expression of the pdu, pocR, and eut Genes Required for the Luminal Replication of Salmonella Typhimurium

The regulatory mechanisms that control the expression of virulence genes are essential for bacteria to infect hosts. Salmonella has developed diverse regulatory mechanisms to colonize the host gut. For instance, the SirA-CsrB/CsrC-CsrA regulatory cascade controls the expression of the SPI-1 genes, which are required for this bacterium to invade intestinal epithelium cells and for the induction of an intestinal inflammatory response. ABSTRACT Enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella, have evolved to thrive in the inflamed gut. Genes located within the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) mediate the invasion of cells from the intestinal epithelium and the induction of an intestinal inflammatory response. Alternative electron acceptors become available in the inflamed gut and are utilized by Salmonella for luminal replication through the metabolism of propanediol and ethanolamine, using the enzymes encoded by the pdu and eut genes. The RNA-binding protein CsrA inhibits the expression of HilD, which is the central transcriptional regulator of the SPI-1 genes. Previous studies suggest that CsrA also regulates the expression of the pdu and eut genes, but the mechanism for this regulation is unknown. In this work, we show that CsrA positively regulates the pdu genes by binding to the pocR and pduA transcripts as well as the eut genes by binding to the eutS transcript. Furthermore, our results show that the SirA-CsrB/CsrC-CsrA regulatory cascade controls the expression of the pdu and eut genes mediated by PocR or EutR, which are the positive AraC-like transcriptional regulators for the pdu and eut genes, respectively. By oppositely regulating the expression of genes for invasion and for luminal replication, the SirA-CsrB/CsrC-CsrA regulatory cascade could be involved in the generation of two Salmonella populations that cooperate for intestinal colonization and transmission. Our study provides new insight into the regulatory mechanisms that govern Salmonella virulence. IMPORTANCE The regulatory mechanisms that control the expression of virulence genes are essential for bacteria to infect hosts. Salmonella has developed diverse regulatory mechanisms to colonize the host gut. For instance, the SirA-CsrB/CsrC-CsrA regulatory cascade controls the expression of the SPI-1 genes, which are required for this bacterium to invade intestinal epithelium cells and for the induction of an intestinal inflammatory response. In this study, we determine the mechanisms by which the SirA-CsrB/CsrC-CsrA regulatory cascade controls the expression of the pdu and eut genes, which are necessary for the replication of Salmonella in the intestinal lumen. Thus, our data, together with the results of previous reports, indicate that the SirA-CsrB/CsrC-CsrA regulatory cascade has an important role in the intestinal colonization by Salmonella.
The Impact of Land Surface Processes on Simulations of the U.S. Hydrological Cycle: A Case Study of the 1993 Flood Using the SSiB Land Surface Model in the NCEP Eta Regional Model

Abstract This paper describes a methodology for coupling the Simplified Simple Biosphere Model (SSiB) to the regional Eta Model of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), and presents the application of the coupled system in regional simulation studies. The coupled Eta–SSiB model is used to study the impact of land surface processes and land surface initialization on the regional water and energy cycle in an extreme climate event, by comparing the results from the Eta–SSiB with those from the Eta–bucket model. Simulations from both models spanned 3 months via a succession of 48-hr simulations over June, July, and August 1993, a summer of heavy flooding in the United States. The monthly and seasonal means from the simulations in both model runs are compared. The Eta–SSiB model produces more realistic monthly mean precipitation over the United States and the flood areas. The improvements are mainly manifested in the intensity of the heavy rainfall and its spatial distribution. The results .
COPD and biologic treatment: state of the art

Purpose of review Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common, heterogeneous disease associated with abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles and gases. The progression of disease leads to respiratory failure, disability and premature death. Although recent progress in reducing the global burden of many chronic disease, such as heart disease and cancer, mortality and morbidity due to COPD continue to increase despite of cigarette smoking worldwide policy. Additionally, diagnostic and therapeutic options have not changed in decades. While patients affected by other respiratory disease may benefit with a personalized precision medicine, thanks to the new biological treatment, to date, there is no biological treatment available for COPD. COPD is generally a neutrophils-predominant disease but approximately 40% of patients with COPD had also an eosinophilic airway inflammation. Recent findings different Phase III trials have been recently performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of several biological treatments, mostly against eosinophilic inflammation and, to date, some of this trial, still ongoing have promising results. Summary This review resumes the rationale, the attempts of biological treatment in COPD and latest promising results.
Polycythemia vera: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a JAK2‐mutated myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by clonal erythrocytosis; other features include leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, splenomegaly, pruritus, constitutional symptoms, microcirculatory disturbances, and increased risk of thrombosis and progression into myelofibrosis (post‐PV MF) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
The Efficacy of Hypnotic Analgesic Suggestions in Chronic Nociplastic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ABSTRACT This blinded study evaluated the relative efficacy of three hypnosis sessions in 60 patients with chronic nociplastic pain allocated randomly to one of two conditions: hypnosis with analgesic suggestions, or hypnosis with nonspecific suggestions. Pain intensity, pain quality, and pain interference as outcome measures were assessed before and after treatment. A mixed-design analysis of the variance model showed no significant differences between groups. According to the adjusted model, large effect size improvements in pain intensity and pain quality emerged for both conditions but were only meaningful for patients not taking pain medications. Analgesic suggestions may not play a primary role in beneficial outcomes of hypnosis at the beginning of chronic pain management since both interventions demonstrated similar positive effects. Future studies should investigate the efficacy of the hypnosis components over longer treatment periods.
Finding Structure in One Child's Linguistic Experience.

Neural network models have recently made striking progress in natural language processing, but they are typically trained on orders of magnitude more language input than children receive. What can these neural networks, which are primarily distributional learners, learn from a naturalistic subset of a single child's experience? We examine this question using a recent longitudinal dataset collected from a single child, consisting of egocentric visual data paired with text transcripts. We train both language-only and vision-and-language neural networks and analyze the linguistic knowledge they acquire. In parallel with findings from Jeffrey Elman's seminal work, the neural networks form emergent clusters of words corresponding to syntactic (nouns, transitive and intransitive verbs) and semantic categories (e.g., animals and clothing), based solely on one child's linguistic input. The networks also acquire sensitivity to acceptability contrasts from linguistic phenomena, such as determiner-noun agreement and argument structure. We find that incorporating visual information produces an incremental gain in predicting words in context, especially for syntactic categories that are comparatively more easily grounded, such as nouns and verbs, but the underlying linguistic representations are not fundamentally altered. Our findings demonstrate which kinds of linguistic knowledge are learnable from a snapshot of a single child's real developmental experience.
Real‐World Evidence Assessing Psoriatic Arthritis by Disease Domain: An Evaluation of the CorEvitas Psoriatic Arthritis/Spondyloarthritis Registry

Real‐world studies assessing treatment response by psoriatic arthritis (PsA) domains are limited. This study aimed to describe the patient characteristics, frequency and combinations of disease domains, disease activity, and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) by PsA domains in patients who initiated treatment with a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) or interleukin‐17 inhibitor (IL‐17i).
Sesamin suppresses angiotensin‐II‐enhanced oxidative stress and hypertrophic markers in H9c2 cells

Myocardial hypertrophy plays a crucial role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Myocardial hypertrophy is an adaptive response by myocardial cells to stress after cardiac injury to maintain cardiac output and function. Angiotensin II (Ang‐II) regulates CVD through the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system, and its signaling in cardiac myocytes leads to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Sesamin (SA), a natural compound in sesame seeds, has anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effects. This study investigated whether SA could attenuate hypertrophic damage and oxidative injuries in H9c2 cells under Ang‐II stimulation. We found that SA decreased the cell surface area. Furthermore, Ang‐II treatment reduced Ang‐II‐increased ANP, BNP, and β‐MHC expression. Ang‐II enhanced NADPH oxidase activity, ROS formation, and decreased Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity. SA treatment reduces Ang‐II‐caused oxidative injuries. We also found that SA mitigates Ang‐II‐induced apoptosis and pro‐inflammatory responses. In conclusion, SA could attenuate Ang‐II‐induced cardiac hypertrophic injuries by inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in H9c2 cells. Therefore, SA might be a potential supplement for CVD management.
Cavity Shapes for Circular Disks at Angles of Attack

The shape of the cavity formed in ;·rater by a circular disk at an angle of attack is derived. The empirical evaluation is based on experimental data obtained with air cavities in the Free Surface Water Tunnel. The effects of model size, free stream velocity and cavitation number on cavity shape are presented. The profile shape of the cavity is assumed to be composed of two superposable phenomena: (1) the cavity shape without gravity effects (2) the displacement of the cavity due to gravity An empirical relation is obtained for the buoyant displacement of the cavity centerline. A quasi-elliptical equation is derived which accurately describes the shape of the cavity about its centerline for the disk at zero angle of attack. The equation is modified and applied to the profile shape of a cavity formed by a circular disk at angles of attack up to 30 degrees. All experimental data are presented in both graphic and analytic form.
Epidemiology of clinically significant forms of alpha‐ and beta‐thalassemia: A global map of evidence and gaps

This systematic literature review assessed the global prevalence and birth prevalence of clinically significant forms of alpha‐ and beta‐thalassemia. Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for observational studies published January 1, 2000, to September 21, 2021. Of 2093 unique records identified, 69 studies reported across 70 publications met eligibility criteria, including 6 records identified from bibliography searches. Thalassemia prevalence estimates varied across countries and even within countries. Across 23 population‐based studies reporting clinically significant alpha‐thalassemia (e.g., hemoglobin H disease and hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis) and/or beta‐thalassemia (beta‐thalassemia intermedia, major, and/or hemoglobin E/beta‐thalassemia), prevalence estimates per 100 000 people ranged from 0.2 in Spain (over 2014–2017) to 27.2 in Greece (2010–2015) for combined beta‐ plus alpha‐thalassemia; from 0.03 in Spain (2014–2017) to 4.5 in Malaysia (2007–2018) for alpha‐thalassemia; and from 0.2 in Spain (2014–2017) to 35.7 to 49.6 in Iraq (2003–2018) for beta‐thalassemia. Overall, the estimated prevalence of thalassemia followed the predicted pattern of being higher in the Middle East, Asia, and Mediterranean than in Europe or North America. However, population‐based prevalence estimates were not found for many countries, and there was heterogeneity in case definitions, diagnostic methodology, type of thalassemia reported, and details on transfusion requirements. Limited population‐based birth prevalence data were found. Twenty‐seven studies reported thalassemia prevalence from non–population‐based samples. Results from such studies likely do not have countrywide generalizability as they tended to be from highly specific groups. To fully understand the global prevalence of thalassemia, up‐to‐date, population‐based epidemiological data are needed for many countries.
Words matter: The use of generic “you” in expressive writing in an oncology setting

The use of generic “you” (GY) in writing samples fosters psychological distancing and functions as a linguistic mechanism to facilitate emotion regulation. This method of creating psychological distance from the traumatic experience of cancer may be used by patients processing emotions. We used behavioral coding to analyze expressive writing samples collected from 138 cancer patients to examine the association between the use of “you” and cancer-related symptoms and psychological outcomes. Occurrences of GY were low, but our qualitative results showed how the use of GY could create a universal experience of cancer. The use of GY was not associated with cancer-related symptoms and depressive symptoms, but longitudinal analyses revealed that those using GY had fewer intrusive thoughts and avoidance behaviors across the follow-up period of 1, 4, and 10 months after the intervention. The development of psychological self-distancing prompts to use in writing interventions or as a clinical tool for cancer patients should be explored.
Impacts of nutrition counseling on depression and obesity: A scoping review

This scoping review aims to evaluate the impact of nutrition counseling on mental health and wellbeing among people affected by obesity. Depression and obesity are major sources of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prevalence of obesity is higher in patients with severe or suboptimally managed depression. Change in dietary quality prompted by nutrition counseling may pose a unique opportunity for intervention. Of the 1745 studies identified, 26 studies (total n = 6727) met inclusion criteria. Due to the heterogeneity of methods and outcome reporting, it was not possible to perform meta‐analysis. Across all included studies, 34 different scales were used to quantify mental health/wellbeing. Eleven studies (42.3%) reported statistically significant findings between intervention and control groups. Only two of these studies assessed nutrition counseling independently rather than as part of a multidisciplinary intervention. Overall, many studies have examined the role of nutrition counseling on mental health/wellbeing in individuals affected by obesity. However, due to inconsistency in study methodologies and outcome measurement tools, it is challenging to draw robust or clinically meaningful conclusions about the effects of nutrition counseling on mental health in this population.
AlternationofCCl4 -Induced Oxidative Stressand Nephrotoxicity by Omega-3 in Female Albino Rats.

Hawzheen K. Othman. In the present study, twenty one female albino rats were used and they were divided in to three groups. This was carried out and designed to study the effect of omega 3 poly unsaturated fatty acid on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced oxidative stress and kidney damage in female albino rats. However, the antioxidant activity of omega-3 were determined by assessing biochemical parameters (serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, and malondialdehyde(MDA)). Carbon tetrachloride caused significant increase inserumcreatinine, urea, uric acid, and MDA levelwhile, omega 3 significantly prevented the increase of the serum levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, and MDA.
Improved Simulation of Florida Summer Convection Using the PLACE Land Model and a 1.5-Order Turbulence Parameterization Coupled to the Penn State–NCAR Mesoscale Model

Three major modifications to the treatment of land surface processes in the Pennsylvania State University‐ National Center for Atmospheric Research mesoscale model MM5, are tested in a matrix of eight model experiments. Paired together in each dimension of the matrix are versions of the code with and without one of the changes. The three changes involve 1) a sophisticated land surface model [the Parameterization for Land‐ Atmosphere Convective Exchange (PLACE)], 2) the soil moisture and temperature initial conditions derived from running PLACE offline, and 3) a 1.5-order turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) turbulence boundary layer. The code without changes, defined as the control code, uses the most widely applied land surface, soil initialization, and boundary layer options found in the current MM5 community code. As an initial test of these modifications, a case was chosen in which they should have their greatest effect: conditions where heterogeneous surface forcing dominates over dynamic processes. The case chosen is one with widespread summertime moist convection, during the Convection and Precipitation Electrification Experiment (CaPE) in the middle of the Florida peninsula. Of the eight runs, the code with all three changes (labeled TKE-PLACE) demonstrates the best overall skill in terms of biases of the surface variables, rainfall, and percent and root-mean-square error of cloud cover fraction for this case. An early, isolated convective storm that formed near the east coast, at the downwind edge of a region of anomalous wet soil, and within the dense cluster of CaPE mesoscale observation stations, is correctly simulated only by TKE-PLACE. It does not develop in any of the other seven runs. A factor separation analysis shows that a successful simulation requires the inclusion of the more sophisticated land surface model, realistic initial soil moisture and temperature, and the higher-order closure of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) in order to better represent the effect of joint and synergistic (nonlinear) contributions from the land surface and PBL on the moist convection.
Deteksi Kanker Kulit Melanoma dengan Linear Discriminant Analysis-Fuzzy k-Nearest Neigbhour Lp-Norm

Seiring perkembangan teknologi dilakukan otomatisasi deteksi kanker kulit melalui citra dermoscopy. Pengambilan informasi fitur citra dermoscopy terganggu dengan outlier dan overfitting, karena faktor jenis kulit, penyebaran kanker yang tidak merata atau kesalahan sampling. Penelitian ini mengusulkan deteksi kanker kulit melanoma dengan mengintegrasikan metode fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbour (FuzzykNN), Lp-norm dan Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) untuk mengurangi outlier dan overfitting. Masukan berupa citra warna RGB yang dinormalisasi menjadi RGBr. Reduksi dimensi dengan LDA menghasilkan fitur dengan nilai eigen paling menonjol. LDA pada penelitian ini menghasilkan dua fitur paling menonjol dari 141 jenis fitur, yaitu wilayah tumor dan minimum wilayah tumor channel R. Kemudian dilakukan klasifikasi FuzzykNN dan metode pengukur jarak Lp-norm. Penggunaan metode LDA dan Lp-norm dalam proses klasifikasi ini mengatasi terjadinya overfitting. Akurasi yang dihasilkan metode LDA-fuzzykNN Lp Norm, yaitu 72% saat masing-masing nilai p dan k = 25. Metode gabungan ini terbukti cukup baik dari pada metode yang dijalankan terpisah. Kata kunci: melanoma, fuzzy, KNN, Lp-norm, LDA. As the advancement of technology skin cancer detection need to be automated with the use of dermoscopy image. Outlier and overfitting are the problem in feature extraction of dermoscopy image, this can be caused by skin type, uneven cancer distribution or sampling error. This study proposed melanoma skin cancer detection by fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbour (FuzzykNN) with Lp-norm integrated with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to reduce the problem of outlier and overfitting. Input used in this study are images with RGB channel, then it adapted to RGBr. Dimensional reduction with LDA result in features with highest eigen value. LDA in this research select 2 discriminant, they are tumor area and minimum tumor area in R channel. This features then classified by fuzzykNN with Lp-Norm. Integration of LDA and Lp-norm in classification can reduce the problem of overfitting. This study results in 72% accuracy when the value of p and k are 25. Integration of LDA and fuzzykNN with Lp-norm has better result than unintegrated method. Keywords: melanoma, fuzzy, KNN, Lp-norm, LDA.
The glass half-full or half-empty: a within-subject comparison of solution-focused versus problem-focused client descriptions on therapist emotions and hope for treatment

Abstract Background: Intake assessments vary in their focus on strengths and solutions compared with problems. They provide therapists with first impressions of their clients. Research shows that first impressions may have strong and lasting effects. Aims: To compare how solution- versus problem-focused case descriptions influence therapists’ emotions and initial expectations for successfully working with a client. Methods: Vignettes describing clients were manipulated to focus either on solutions and strengths, or on problems. In a within-subject experimental design, 33 (Sample 1) and 29 (Sample 2) trainee therapists each read four case descriptions (two solution-focused and two problem-focused vignettes; order fully counterbalanced). After each vignette, participants rated their affect and expectations for successfully working with the client. Results: In both samples, solution-focused vignettes were associated with significantly higher levels of positive affect and positive expectations for treatment, and with significantly lower levels of negative affect, compared with problem-focused vignettes. Effect size differences between conditions were generally large (Cohen’s d between .63 and 1.22). Conclusions: Focusing on clients’ goals, their strengths, and actively highlighting better moments and areas of problem-free functioning may increase therapists’ positive emotions and their hope for clients’ successful treatment. A next step is to examine the degree to which these positive short-term effects are, in turn, predictive of better clinical outcomes in therapy. Future research could additionally examine whether supporting therapists to frame clients’ initial assessments in solution-focused ways may be one way to contribute to workforce well-being.