Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New crinoids from the Baltic region (Estonia): fossil tip‐dating phylogenetics constrains the origin and Ordovician–Silurian diversification of the Flexibilia (Echinodermata)

This study documents previously unknown taxonomic and morphological diversity among early Palaeozoic crinoids. Based on highly complete, well preserved crown material, we describe two new genera from the Ordovician and Silurian of the Baltic region (Estonia) that provide insight into two major features of the geological history of crinoids: the early evolution of the flexible clade during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), and their diversification history surrounding the end‐Ordovician mass extinction. The unexpected occurrence of a highly derived sagenocrinid, Tintinnabulicrinus estoniensis gen. et. sp. nov., from Upper Ordovician (lower Katian) rocks of the Baltic palaeocontinent provides high‐resolution temporal, taxonomic and palaeobiogeographical constraints on the origin and early evolution of the Flexibilia. The Silurian (lower Rhuddanian, Llandovery) Paerticrinus arvosus gen. et sp. nov. is the oldest known Silurian crinoid from Baltica and thus provides the earliest Baltic record of crinoids following the aftermath of the end‐Ordovician mass extinction. A Bayesian ‘fossil tip‐dating’ analysis implementing the fossilized birth–death process and a relaxed morphological clock model suggests that flexibles evolved c. 3 million years prior to their oldest fossil record, potentially involving an ancestor–descendant relationship (via ‘budding’ cladogenesis or anagenesis) with the paraphyletic cladid Cupulocrinus. The sagenocrinid subclade rapidly diverged from ‘taxocrinid’ grade crinoids during the final stages of the GOBE, culminating in maximal diversity among Ordovician crinoid faunas on a global scale. Remarkably, diversification patterns indicate little taxonomic turnover among flexibles across the Late Ordovician mass extinction. However, the elimination of closely related clades may have helped pave the way for their subsequent Silurian diversification and increased ecological role in post‐Ordovician Palaeozoic marine communities. This study highlights the significance of studies reporting faunas from undersampled palaeogeographical regions for clade‐based phylogenetic studies and improving estimates of global biodiversity through geological time.
A new cynodont from the Santa Maria formation, south Brazil, improves Late Triassic probainognathian diversity

The fossil record of non‐mammaliaform probainognathian cynodonts is outstanding in the Late Triassic rocks of Brazil and Argentina. Approximately 15 genera are known, providing unique insights in the study of the major skeletal transformations prior to the mammalian condition. Globally, the diversity of probainognathians is possibly under‐represented, as the discovery of small‐ to very small‐sized taxa based on relatively well‐preserved specimens is rare. Several species, for example much of the Laurasian record, are based on isolated teeth and jaw fragments. Here, we describe a new probainognathian from the Late Carnian Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone of the Santa Maria Formation, south Brazil. Alemoatherium huebneri gen. et sp. nov. is based on a left lower jaw with almost complete dentition that exhibits a combination of features not seen in any other known probainognathian. Its slender lower jaw, anterodorsally bent process of the dentary, high number of lower incisors, reduced canine, triconodont‐like postcanine teeth with mesiolingual and distolingual cingular cusps are all features that support the inclusion of A. huebneri as a member of the Prozostrodontia clade. This new find highlights the conspicuous probainognathian cynodont fossil record in southern Brazil, with a plethora of forms near the mammalian origin.
Estrutura produtiva e distribuição interpessoal de renda no estado da Bahia

Este estudo apresenta a discussão acerca da influência da estrutura produtiva sobre as alterações na distribuição interpessoal de renda no estado da Bahia. Nesse caso, a análise está centrada na aplicação do modelo de insumo-produto denominado Leontief-Miyazawa, versão alternativa ao modelo original desenvolvida por Miyazawa (1976), a partir do qual foram estimados os impactos de mudanças exógenas sobre a renda. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados da matriz insumo-produto da Bahia para o ano-base de 2009 (Perobelli et al., 2015), bem como as informações de consumo e rendimento das famílias baianas. Na sequência, foram realizadas duas simulações visando analisar o impacto da redução nas transferências governamentais de renda (benefícios previdenciários e políticas de transferência direta), respectivamente, às famílias pobres e extremamente pobres, e calculados os indicadores de desigualdade de Gini. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os setores produtivos possuem capacidades distintas entre si de provocar mudanças sobre a distribuição de renda e na geração de emprego, e que as transferências governamentais atuam como redutores das desigualdades de rendimentos no estado.
Clinicopathologic and Endosonographic Characteristics of Colon Subepithelial Tumors Discovered Incidentally

Background/Aims: Colonoscopy is commonly used for colorectal cancer screening; therefore, the detection of colon subepithelial tumors (SETs) has also increased. Several research studies have been undertaken to diagnose and treat stomach and rectal SETs. The purpose of this study was to determine a diagnostic point for colon SETs by comparing histological findings with the endoscopic characteristics of colon SETs discovered by chance. Methods: A total 194 patients underwent an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for suspicious colon SETs during a colonoscopy from May 2014 to December 2021. A total of 105 colon SETs, which were histologically diagnosed, were finally included. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the factors associated with malignant SETs. Results: Colon SETs were predominantly present in the right colon (n = 73, 69.5%), particularly in the transverse colon (n = 32, 30.5%). The majority were smaller than 10 mm (n = 88, 83.8%), and they had hard consistencies (n = 84, 80%) and exhibited no surface changes (n = 96, 91.4%). Most of them were found in the submucosal layers (n = 54, 51.4%) and had a hypoechoic pattern (n = 56, 53.3%) in the EUS. Of the histologically confirmed cases, only three (3/105, 2.9%) were malignant. Most benign lesions were lipomas, suspected parasitic infections, or lesions caused by various inflammatory reactions, including fibrous/fibrocalcific lesions and necrotic nodules. All soft lesions were benign. Two of the three malignant lesions were adenocarcinomas, and the other was lymphoma. For the malignant SETs, there was a statistically significant alteration in the surface of the tumors (p < 0.001), and they were located where the muscularis mucosa layer was included (p = 0.008). The potential malignant SETs, granular cell tumors, and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) had similar features, such as yellowish hypoechoic masses. Colon NETs were only found in the rectosigmoid junction. Parasitic infections and lesions, resulting in various inflammatory reactions, were observed as pale and hard SETs and mostly revealed as mixed echogenic masses located in the muscularis mucosa, submucosa, or multi-layers in the EUS. Conclusion: This study showed that small colon SETs were mostly benign lesions. Despite its rarity, pathological confirmation is crucial in cases where the SET has surface changes and has been located in a position where the muscularis mucosa layer was included on the EUS, due to the risk of malignancy.
Factors Of Time Constraints For Memorizing The Quran And Learning Arabic In Higher Education

The Tahfiz program in universities is one of the initiatives to help students sustain their Quranic memorization. Alternatively, the establishment of the program aims to preserve the consistency of Quranic memorization amongst students who are currently pursuing professional studies at the tertiary level. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the contributing factors to time constraints that prevent effective outcomes of this particular program. This study is qualitative in nature and, therefore, depend much on in-depth interview and document analysis technique. The results of the study show that there are relatively a number of challenges encountered by students that require consideration by all relevant parties, including academic workload, time restrictions, as well as the extracurricular activities organized by the faculties and colleges. This suggests that remarkable attention is necessary from relevant parties to ensure the effectiveness of the program as to produce professional huffaz in future. Insufficient focus on time management by the relevant parties may adversely affect students' ability to implement the technique proposed by Muslim scholars for comprehending the verses of the Qur'an, which involves attaining proficiency in the Arabic language and its associated fields of knowledge.
The influence of misrepresenting the nocturnal boundary layer on idealized convection in large-eddy simulation

Large-eddy simulation (LES) has been used extensively to study turbulence related atmospheric processes, traditionally focussed on (highly) idealized studies, with the domain size and resolution optimized for the process of interest. More recently the use of LES has moved towards more realistic experiments, for example by performing realistic weather hindcasts on domains as large as Germany (a 1000 km). In contrast to more idealized LES experiments, such a setup requires both a sufficiently fine computational mesh to resolve the smallest turbulent scales – like shear driven turbulence in the stable boundary layer (SBL) – and a sufficiently large domain to capture the largest turbulent scales – like deep convective systems. As we are decades away from being able to perform such experiments, some simplifications are required. Often a resolution is used which is sufficient to resolve the daytime boundary layer, but insufficient to resolve turbulence at night, which (in theory) makes part of the LES experiments invalid. This thesis addresses a number of questions about the use of such an LES setup: How poorly is the atmosphere (SBL) represented when using a resolution insufficient to resolve turbulence? And does a poorly resolved SBL have the potential to influence the following day of convection?
Addressing Imbalanced Data in Network Intrusion Detection: A Review and Survey

— The proliferation of internet-connected devices, including smartphones, smartwatches, and computers, has led to an unprecedented surge in data generation. The rapid rise in device connectivity points to an urgent need for robust cybersecurity measures to counter the mounting wave of cyber threats. Among the strategies aimed at establishing efficient network intrusion detection systems, the integration of machine learning techniques is a prominent avenue. However, the application of machine learning models to imbalanced intrusion detection datasets, such as NSL-KDD, CICIDS2017, and UGR'16, presents challenges. In such intricate scenarios, accurately distinguishing network intrusions poses a formidable challenge. The term "imbalance" refers to the imbalanced distribution of data across classes, which adversely affects the precision of machine learning algorithm classifications. This comprehensive survey embarks on a thorough exploration of the spectrum of methodologies proposed to address the challenge of imbalanced data. Simultaneously, it assesses the efficacy of these methodologies within the realm of network intrusion detection. Moreover, by shedding light on the potential consequences of not effectively tackling imbalanced data, this study aims to provide a holistic understanding of the intricate interplay between machine learning and intrusion detection in imbalanced settings.
The Entrepreneurship Marketing Practices: Evidence from Pakistan

The purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of how entrepreneurs in Pakistan implement marketing strategies, including their application and the dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing. Qualitative research was used, and for getting in-depth information, interviews through the cause study analysis approach were used. The data was analyzed using Nvivo 12. Further thematic analysis, word trees, word tag clouds, and tree maps have been conducted. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior managers, directors, and CEOs of various firms to support our research. There is a significant gap in research regarding the application of marketing strategies in the entrepreneurial context in Pakistan. To the best of the authors' knowledge, similar research has been conducted in Poland, Sri Lanka, and the UAE, but with regard to Pakistan, this topic is relatively unexplored. The study explains the seven dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing practices to gain further clarity. The research is both explorative and descriptive in nature, aligning with the theory of entrepreneurial marketing. This study will assist practitioners and researchers in understanding how to retain existing customers in the market, manage risk, allocate resources, and create value for customers. Additionally, it highlights both commonalities and differences between entrepreneurial practices in Pakistan and other regions.
Cornea Verticillata – a Rare Complication of Chloroquine Toxicity. Case Report

Cornea verticillata is characterized by bilateral grayish or golden-brown linear opacities in a typical vortex shape, mainly in the lower segments of the corneal epithelium, without covering the corneal stroma. It is most often associated with taking amiodarone but can be induced by other medications. Chloroquine is commonly used in treatment and prevention of protozoal diseases. Additionally, it has applications in dermatology and rheumatology as an anti-inflammatory agent in collagenosis, rheumatoid arthritis or lupus erythematosus. Its ophthalmic side effects and their management are noteworthy and are briefly summarized in this paper.We present a case of a 62-year-old female patient who was referred to the clinic for diagnosis of corneal lesions detected incidentally during a follow-up examination 6 months after starting treatment with chloroquine for rheumatoid arthritis.The patient was diagnosed with cornea verticillata and informed that it does not affect visual acuity and is not an indication for changes in therapy. Discontinuation of medication results in partial or, in some cases, complete resolution of changes.It is important to closely monitor patients taking drugs that are known to have ophthalmic side effects for the first time in new indications. We should consider eye side effects when treating systemic disease and recommend screening tests.A baseline ophthalmic examination should be performed on all patients before initiating use of chloroquine. Moreover, chloroquine can lead to permanent loss of visual acuity contributing to bull’s eye maculopathy, which is irreversible.
A Literature Review on the Sediment Transport Process in Shallow-Grade Culverts and Storm Sewers

Sedimentation of fine muddy material in culverts and storm sewers becomes an important issue in Texas coastal plain shallow-grade drain systems. It leads to a reduction inflow capacity with time and an associated high cost of cleaning. It may not be possible to maintain the required 2 feet per second along sewer in time. The objective of study is to conduct an extensive literature review, and field survey to implement physical experiment for quantifying the sediment transport process in shallow grade culverts and storm sewers. The previous studies indicate that culverts or sewers should be designed to transport fine grains as a suspended load and transport granular sediments as a bed load, and to erode the sediment deposition with high flow velocity to achieve self-cleaning. The suspended load, bed load and bed erosion sediment transport equations have been developed as the function of the sediment grain size, the sediment concentration, the slope of the culverts or sewers, the bed roughness. To quantify the sediment characteristics, three samples were collected from the culvert, the ditch and the sewer located in Orange County of southeast Texas. The sieve analysis indicates that d50 are greater than 0.5mm and d65 are greater than 1mm for all the samples. However, more fine particles are included in the sewer sump and ditch than that in the culvert. The ongoing study is to set up a physical model based on the key variables in the previous transport equation to study the transport process in shallow grade culverts and storm sewers.
Development of new C, S, N-containing plastic lubricants based on products from industrial waste integrated processing

The object of this research is the integrated processing of industrial waste from various industries, which makes it possible to reduce the use of material and energy resources and improve the ecological state of the environment. Waste from the chemical, petrochemical, and machine-building industries was subject to integrated technological processing. The common link that united the investigated complex technological cycles was the use of a regenerated mixed sorbent (activated carbon+kieselguhr), on the surface of which topochemical transformations of chemicals that were part of industrial waste took place. Using a regenerated mixed sorbent, exhausted industrial oil which was the mineral basis of the developed new C, S, N-containing plastic lubricants was purified. In particular, we have established the conditions for obtaining diethyl ammonium chloride from unusable pesticides of the formula R1R2R3R4C6HCOOH∙HN(C2H5)2, whose topochemical interaction on the surface of the mixed sorbent leads to the formation of a sorbed fragment [sorbent (activated carbon+kieselguhr)]∙[(C2H5)2NC(=S)SK]. Subsequent interaction of aqueous solutions containing copper(II) ions with such a fragment leads to the formation of bis–(diethyldithiocarbamate)copper(II) on the surface of mixed sorbent. The resulting substances of the general composition [sorbent (activated carbon + kieselguhr)]∙{[(С2H5)2NC(=S)S]2Cu} were studied as thickeners and active polyfunctional components of the obtained plastic lubricants. Research into the tribological properties of new C, S, N-containing plastic lubricants showed their high anti-wear and heat-resistant properties and the possibility of effective use in highly loaded friction nodes
Unraveling the Heterogeneity of ALS—A Call to Redefine Patient Stratification for Better Outcomes in Clinical Trials

Despite tremendous efforts in basic research and a growing number of clinical trials aiming to find effective treatments, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains an incurable disease. One possible reason for the lack of effective causative treatment options is that ALS may not be a single disease entity but rather may represent a clinical syndrome, with diverse genetic and molecular causes, histopathological alterations, and subsequent clinical presentations contributing to its complexity and variability among individuals. Defining a way to subcluster ALS patients is becoming a central endeavor in the field. Identifying specific clusters and applying them in clinical trials could enable the development of more effective treatments. This review aims to summarize the available data on heterogeneity in ALS with regard to various aspects, e.g., clinical, genetic, and molecular.
Assessing the relationship between self-regulated strategies in digital writing and L2 grit for EFL learners

The development of digital tools has been reshaping students’ writing experiences in their second language (L2). However, writing can be a challenging task for English as foreign language (EFL) learners and more study needs to investigate how this highly effort-demanding experience is related to their grit. This study investigates the relationship between self-regulated strategies in digital writing and L2 grit for EFL learners. A total of 128 undergraduate students from China participated in this study. Drawing on the self-regulated learning theory with data from Writing Strategies for Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaires, stimulated recall methods, and semi-structured interviews (n=8), this study revealed that one aspect of grit, perseverance of effort, was a positive predicator for self-regulated writing strategies. Moreover, students perceived this relation while also noted other influencers (e.g., demands for high scores). Pedagogical implications regarding L2 writing in this digital age will be discussed.
The Influence of Connection on Early Career Nurses’ Rural Experiences: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study

Introduction. Rural nursing careers offer a multitude of benefits for individuals. Despite this, there continues to be a growing deficit in the number of nurses choosing to practice in rural areas. As the first 12–18 months of a nursing career are fundamental in shaping career location decisions, it is important to explore factors that influence early career nurses’ employment decisions. Methods. A phenomenological study was undertaken to explore early career nurses’ experiences during their first year of rural practice and describe how the nurses’ experiences influenced their decision to remain in rural employment. Data were collected via semistructured interviews and underwent inductive thematic analysis. Results. Seven early career nurses practicing in rural locations were interviewed and described several influences on their career location decisions, particularly related to whether they would stay in or leave their rural employer. The themes derived from the nurses’ stories included the effect of their vulnerability entering a new workplace, the importance of connection to person, place, and profession and the nuances of rural nursing rhythms. These had implications on their employment decisions. Conclusion. This research demonstrates the distinct form of nursing practice that occurs in rural areas which was experienced by the early career nurses as a breadth of skills, volume of presentations, and continuity of care. The nurses described the importance of establishing connections to person, place, and their profession. These connections can support nurses through a period of vulnerability entering a new workplace.
PUBLICATION RATE OF SPECIALIZATION IN MEDICINE THESES IN MEDICAL ECOLOGY AND HYDROCLIMATOLOGY IN TURKEY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Amac: Tibbi ekoloji ve hidroklimatoloji tipta uzmanlik tezlerinin tam metin dergi makalelerine donusum oranini belirlemek. Gerec ve Yontem: Ulusal Tez Merkezi, tez konusu “Tibbi Ekoloji ve Klimatoloji” ve tez turu “Tipta Uzmanlik” kullanilarak arandi. Tezlerden uretilen yayinlari tespit etmek icin Web of Science, TR Dizin, Dergi Park, Atif Dizini, Pubmed, Google Akademik ve Google veritabanlari arandi. Bulgular: Toplam 24 tez tespit edildi. Tezlerin yili 1980 ile 2017 arasinda degismektedir. 1980-2002 yillari arasindaki 15 tezden 3 tez (%20,00) ve 2009-2017 yillari arasindaki 9 tezden 4 (%44,44) tez yayinlanmistir. Dolayisiyla, toplamda, 24 tezin 7’si (%29,17), hakemli bir dergide tam metin makale olarak yayinlanmistir. Tum yayinlarda tez yazari ilk yazardi. Alti tez Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) indeksli dergilerde yayinlanmistir. Bu makalelerde, cevrimici yayina olan ortalama sure 3,00±1,83 yildi. Sonuc: Tibbi ekoloji ve hidroklimatoloji uzmanlik tezlerinin dortte biri SCI-E indeksli dergilerde yayinlanmistir; ancak, bu oran son on yilda tezlerin neredeyse yarisina ulasmistir.