Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The integrin alphav beta3 increases cellular stiffness and cytoskeletal remodeling dynamics to facilitate cancer cell invasion

The process of cancer cell invasion through the extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissue plays a prominent role in tumor progression and is based fundamentally on biomechanics. Cancer cell invasion usually requires cell adhesion to the ECM through the cell-matrix adhesion receptors integrins. The expression of the αvβ3 integrin is increased in several tumor types and is consistently associated with increased metastasis formation in patients. The hypothesis was that the αvβ3 integrin expression increases the invasiveness of cancer cells through increased cellular stiffness, and increased cytoskeletal remodeling dynamics. Here, the invasion of cancer cells with different αvβ3 integrin expression levels into dense three-dimensional (3D) ECMs has been studied. Using a cell sorter, two subcell lines expressing either high or low amounts of αvβ3 integrins (αvβ3high or αvβ3low cells, respectively) have been isolated from parental MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. αvβ3high cells showed a threefold increased cell invasion compared to αvβ3low cells. Similar results were obtained for A375 melanoma, 786-O kidney and T24 bladder carcinoma cells, and cells in which the β3 integrin subunit was knocked down using specific siRNA. To investigate whether contractile forces are essential for αvβ3 integrin-mediated increased cellular stiffness and subsequently enhanced cancer cell invasion, invasion assays were performed in the presence of myosin light chain kinase inhibitor ML-7 and Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632. Indeed, cancer cell invasiveness was reduced after addition of ML-7 and Y27632 in αvβ3high cells but not in αvβ3low cells. Moreover, after addition of the contractility enhancer calyculin A, an increase in pre-stress in αvβ3low cells was observed, which enhanced cellular invasiveness. In addition, inhibition of the Src kinase, STAT3 or Rac1 strongly reduced the invasiveness of αvβ3high cells, whereas the invasiveness of β3 specific knock-down cells and αvβ3low cells was not altered. In summary, these results suggest that the αvβ3 integrin enhances cancer cell invasion through increased cellular stiffness and enhanced cytoskeletal remodeling dynamics, which enables the cells to generate and transmit contractile forces to overcome the steric hindrance of 3D ECMs.
On the reduction of connection problems for differential equations with an irregular singular point to ones with only regular singularities, 11

It is shown that a complete system of Stokes’ multipliers for a system of linear differential equations having an irregular singularity of Poincare rank one can be calculated in terms of connection relations of certain associated functions near their regular singularities. Solutions of the differential equation are expressed as Laplace integrals of the associated functions, and the formal solutions can be summed as generalized factorial series in explicitly given half-planes of convergence.
Spectroscopic evidence for inhomogeneities in the ejecta of the Type Ib supernova 1985F

Small-scale irregularities in a moderate-resolution spectrum of the Type Ib supernova 1985F in NGC 4618 are reported. The irregularities are found in the profile of the broad blend of forbidden O I (6300 A and 6364 A) lines, 8.5 months after maximum brightness. The same features 12.5 months after maximum brightness are about 40 percent narrower and about 20 percent stronger. It is suggested that the irregularities are due to the formation of high-density clumps surrounded by regions of lower density. The implications of the observations for the study of SN 1987A are discussed. 12 refs.
Linear and nonlinear geometric optics. Part 2. The Vlasov-Maxwell equations

Local tensors determining the geometric-optics description of a Vlasov-Maxwell plasma are considered. The linear and quadratic current responses on a small-amplitude electromagnetic perturbation are given by expressions for the local admittance tensors. These explicitly exhibit symmetries that imply the linear conservation of wave action, if wave-particle interactions are neglected, and the corresponding quadratic conservation laws. Considering, for example, the resonant interaction between three geometric-optics modes the Manley—Rowe relations accordingly follow. Various extensions of the results, including consideration of higher orders in the small amplitude, strong space and time dependence of the background plasma, relativistic theory and the gyrokinetic approximation as well as some corresponding results for important fluid models, may be obtained straightforwardly either directly or by combining the results of this paper with those of previous work.
Fractional dynamics of allometry

Allometry relations (ARs) in physiology are nearly two hundred years old. In general if Xij is a measure of the size of the ith member of a complex host network from species j and Yij is a property of a complex subnetwork embedded within the host network an intraspecies AR exists between the two when Yij = aXijb. We emphasize that the reductionist models of AR interpret Xij and Yij as dynamic variables, albeit the ARs themselves are explicitly time independent. On the other hand, the phenomenological models of AR are based on the statistical analysis of data and interpret 〈Xi〉 and 〈Yi〉 as averages over an ensemble of individuals to yields the interspecies AR 〈Yi〉 = a〈Xi〉b. Modern explanations of AR begin with the application of fractal geometry and fractal statistics to scaling phenomena. The detailed application of fractal geometry to the explanation of intraspecies ARs is a little over a decade old and although well received it has not been universally accepted. An alternate perspective is given by the interspecies AR based on linear regression analysis of fluctuating data sets. We emphasize that the intraspecies and interspecies ARs are not the same and show that the interspecies AR can only be derived from the intraspecies one for a narrow distribution of fluctuations. This condition is not satisfied by metabolic data as is shown separately for aviary and mammal data sets. The empirical distribution of metabolic allometry coefficients is shown herein to be Pareto in form. A number of reductionist arguments conclude that the allometry exponent is universal, however herein we derive a deterministic relation between the allometry exponent and the allometry coefficient using the fractional calculus. The co-variation relation violates the universality assumption. We conclude that the interspecies physiologic AR is entailed by the scaling behavior of the probability density, which is derived using the fractional probability calculus.
Structures and Properties of Lead-Free NKN Piezoelectric Ceramics

In this work, the preparation of sodium potassium niobate (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 (NKN) ceramics were carried out by the conventional method. The effect of calcination temperatures, dwell time and heating rate on phase formation was investigated. Earlier work reported that to achieve the density of NKN ceramic over 95% of its theoretical density is rather difficult. In this work, firing conditions and heating and cooling rates were carefully varied to fabricate the NKN ceramics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to investigate the phase evolution of the calcined powders and sintered bodies. Microstructures of sintered pellets were studied by the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. Dielectric and ferroelectric properties were also investigated and reported.
Infrared Radiative Transfer in Finite Cloud Layers

Abstract Analytic solutions to the three-dimensional infrared radiative transfer equation for an anisotrapic and isothermal scattering cloud layer are derived by utilizing the four-term truncated spherical harmonics expansion for the scattering phase function and intensity. Computational results of the upward and downward intensity and flux density for cubic, rectangular and plane-parallel clouds employing a wavelength of 10 µm are presented and physically discussed. We show that the emissivities of cubic clouds are ∼20–30% lower than the values calculated from the plane-parallel program, and that optically thick cubic clouds cannot be considered as black clouds. Further, we found that cubic clouds undergo much stronger cooling at the top as compared to plane-parallel clouds, Relatively small cooling is also evidenced near the cubic cloud bottom. These computational results and physical findings appear to have significant implications to the interpretation of satellite soundings to inter the cloud-top tem.
MATHEMATICAL PROPERTIES OF INELASTIC SCATTERING MODELS IN LINEAR KINETIC THEORY

In this paper we analyse properties of collision operators which occur in linear Boltzmann–Maxwell models with inelastic scattering. In particular, we prove the solvability of the Cauchy problem for such models. These results form a basis for further applications of these models and, in particular, for their asymptotic analysis and the derivation of the drift–diffusion approximation.
Equation of state and optical properties of warm dense helium

We investigate the physical properties of warm dense helium under the conditions found in the atmospheres of cool white dwarfs using both a chemical model and ab initio simulations. A chemical model is developed for the low-ionization limit that includes the species He, ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$, $\mathrm{He}_{2}{}^{+}$, and electrons, and interactions between them. The ab initio calculations consist in quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) simulations. We use the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to calculate the equation of state and the electrical and optical properties within the linear response theory. We further use an exact exchange hybrid (PBE0) density functional as well as the GW approximation to estimate the uncertainties on the electrical and optical properties resulting from the GGA approximation. While both the chemical model and the QMD simulations are in excellent agreement with the measured equation of state, a qualitative discrepancy exists with the measured conductivity.
Some Aspects of Western Hemisphere Circulation and the Madden–Julian Oscillation

AbstractAlthough the greatest variance in convection associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) occurs over the Indo-Pacific warm pool, the MJO is associated with substantial circulation patterns in the tropics and the extratropics of the Western Hemisphere. Reanalysis data suggest that upper-tropospheric easterly wind anomalies on the equator between 40° and 140°W precede 86% of active convective phases of MJO events greater than one standard deviation in amplitude over the Indian Ocean basin during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Composites of those MJO events that are preceded by westerly wind anomalies and those events preceded by easterly wind anomalies are compared. Results show that those events that are preceded by westerly wind anomalies fail to thrive and do not yield the amplitude in convection or the canonical atmospheric circulation response that is associated with those preceded by easterly wind. The composite of events preceded by easterly winds reveals that these winds amplify coi.
Iron oxidation state in serpentines and magnesian chlorites of subduction-related rocks

Abstract. The ferric iron content in hydrothermally altered ultrabasic rocks and their major minerals, serpentines and Mg-chlorites, is important for establishing the oxidation state budget from oceanic ridges to subduction zones, in carbonaceous chondrites, and for modeling phase equilibria. A compilation of literature Mössbauer spectroscopic data on serpentines and magnesian chlorites from high-pressure ophiolites yields much lower ferric-to-total-iron ratios (Fe3+ / Fetotal) than those obtained on similar samples by X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), leading to contradictory estimates of the ferric iron budget of subduction zones. New Mössbauer analysis of antigorite and Mg-chlorite samples from suites of high-pressure ophiolitic terrains of various Phanerozoic ages confirms the low and homogeneous values previously obtained by this technique, while lizardite inherited from oceanic hydrothermal alteration is ferric iron rich. We argue that XANES values may be biased by photo-oxidation when samples have a high Mg content, which is the case for serpentines and chlorites from subduction zones. Photo-oxidation is less important in Fe-poor phyllosilicates of the mica and talc families and does not affect the Fe-rich serpentines (greenalite, cronstedtite) of meteorites or Fe-rich terrestrial phyllosilicates. Mössbauer Fe3+ / Fetotal ratios of serpentine confirm the occurrence of a major redox change at the lizardite–antigorite transition near 300–400 ∘C rather than at the dehydration of antigorite at 500–650 ∘C in serpentinites from high-pressure ophiolites.
Novel class of stable wideband recursive digital integrators and differentiators

Designs of wideband recursive digital integrators and differentiators are presented. The integrators are obtained by interpolating some of the popular digital integration techniques. The procedure consists of obtaining an integrator and then modifying its transfer function appropriately to get a stable differentiator. The proposed integrators and differentiators accurately approximate the ideal integrator and ideal differentiator over the whole Nyquist frequency range and compare favourably with the existing integrators and differentiators. The suggested integrators and differentiators are of third-order and highly suitable for real-time applications, where linear phase property is not necessary.
Chi-square Statistics Feature Selection Based on Term Frequency and Distribution for Text Categorization

ABSTRACT Text categorization (TC) becomes the key technology to find relevant and timely information from a volume of digital documents, and feature selection techniques are proposed to overcome the high dimensionality which causes the high computational complexity and low accuracy in TC tasks. Chi-square statistics (CHI) is one of the most efficient feature selection methods; however, it has two weaknesses. (1) It is document frequency based, and only counts whether the term occurs or not. Actually, high-frequency term occurring in few documents is often regarded as a discriminator in corpus. (2) It does not consider the term distribution. A term has more discriminating power for a specific category when its difference in degree of distribution is lower. In this paper, we propose a modified CHI feature selection approach which is called term frequency and distribution based CHI to overcome these weaknesses. We use sample variance to calculate the term distribution, and improve the classic CHI with maximum term frequency. Extensive and comparative experiments on three corpora show that the proposed approach is comparable to the classic feature selection methods in terms of macro-F1 and micro-F1.
Part I. Embryonic surgery using femtosecond laser pulses for the delivery of exogenous materials and the analysis of gene expression

Herein, we demonstrate the application of high-intensity femtosecond (fs) laser pulses for performing laser surgery on the embryonic cells of developing zebrafish (Danio rerio). When fs laser pulses were focused onto individual blastomeres, transient pores were formed exposing the extracellular space to the intracellular environment. Utilizing the transient pores as a pathway for delivery of exogenous material, both chorionated and dechorionated zebrafish embryos were successfully loaded with a fluorescent reporter molecule (fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)). Streptavidin-conjugated quantum dots or plasmid DNA (Simian-CMV-EGFP). Both FITC and quantum dots were found to disperse throughout the blastomere cells as the embryo developed. Gene expression was seen in 24 hour post-fertilized embryos, with fluorescence observed in the notochord, floor plates, somites and tails of the larvae. We also determined the survivability of laser-manipulated embryos by rearing zebrafish from early to mid cleavage stage (2-cell to 8/16-cell) to pec-fin stage. Survival rates of 89 and 100 % were found for dechorionated and chorionated embryos, respectively.
Permittivity measurements of lossy liquids in the range 26–110 GHz

We describe a free air transmission method for the determination of the permittivity of lossy liquids in the frequency range 26–110 GHz and the temperature range -5 to 70 °C. For pure water the method gives permittivity values with a dispersion of less than 3% about the true value. We give new permittivity data for an aqueous NaCl solution and for synthetic sea water in the temperature range -2 to 30 °C. The permittivity data obtained with this technique have been incorporated in a number of numerical weather prediction models and have resulted in more accurate ocean surface emissivity functions for use with microwave and millimetre wave imaging and sounding instruments.
Impact of TaOx nanolayer at the GeSex/W interface on resistive switching memory performance and investigation of Cu nanofilament

The impact of a TaOx nanolayer at the GeSex/W interface on the performance of resistive switching memory in an Al/Cu/GeSex/TaOx/W structure has been examined. All materials and the memory structure have been investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy, and x ray photo-electron spectroscopy analyses. A conically shaped crystalline Cu (111) nanofilament with a diameter of around 17 nm in the TaOx nanolayer after a current compliance (CC) of 500 μA has been observed, and this has been also characterized by fast Fourier transform. The low resistance state (LRS) decreases as the current compliances (CCs) increased from 1 nA to 1 mA, since the nanofilament diameter increased from 0.04 to 23.4 nm. This is also estimated by bipolar resistive switching characteristics. The resistivity of this crystalline Cu nanofilament is approximately 2300 μΩ. cm. The nanofilament has a cylindrical shape, with CCs ranging from 1 nA to 10 μA and a conical shape with CCs.
A first measurement of the interaction cross section of the tau neutrino

The DONuT experiment collected data in 1997 and published first results in 2000 based on four observed {nu}{sub {tau}} charged-current (CC) interactions. The final analysis of the data collected in the experiment is presented in this paper, based on 3.6 x 10{sup 17} protons on target using the 800 GeV Tevatron beam at Fermilab. The number of observed {nu}{sub {tau}} CC interactions is 9, from a total of 578 observed neutrino interactions. We calculated the energy-independent part of the tau-neutrino CC cross section ({nu} + {bar {nu}}), relative to the well-known {nu}{sub e} and {nu}{sub {mu}} cross sections. The ratio {sigma}({nu}{sub {tau}})/{sigma}({nu}{sub e,{mu}}) was found to be 1.37 {+-} 0.35 {+-} 0.77. The {nu}{sub {tau}} CC cross section was found to be 0.72 {+-} 0.24 {+-} 0.36 x 10{sup -38} cm{sup 2} GeV{sup -1}. Both results are in agreement with expectations from the Standard Model.
DDO 210 - The actual appearance of a 'ghost' irregular galaxy

The stellar population of the irregular galaxy DDO 210 has been resolved down to V = 23.5 on CCD images centered at coordinates rather different from those quoted in the literature. DDO 210 turns out to be highly contaminated by foreground stars and by background galaxies belonging to a distant cluster. The actual stellar population of this irregular appears to be quite faint and red. If the adopted distance modulus is correct, the possible interpretation of the resulting color-magnitude diagram is twofold: either DDO 210 contains only stars older than 1 Gyr, or it contains stars as young as a few Myr, which are affected by a reddening E(B - V) of about 0.4, much larger than that normally attributed to that region of the sky. 16 refs.
Observations of Wind Wave Development in Mixed Seas and Unsteady Wind Forcing

AbstractTheoretical study and experimental verification of wind wave generation and evolution focus generally on ideal conditions of steady state and quiescent initial background, of which the ideal fetch-limited wind wave growth is an important benchmark. In nature, unsteady winds and swell presence are more common. Here, the observations of wind wave development in mixed seas under unsteady and quasi-steady wind forcing are presented. With reference to the ideal fetch-limited growth functions established under steady wind forcing in the absence of swell, the analysis shows that the wind-steadiness factor impacts wave growth. The wind wave variance in mixed sea is enhanced in both accelerating and decelerating phases of an unsteady wind event, with a larger enhancement in the accelerating phase than in the decelerating phase. Spatial and temporal wind wave measurements under similar environmental conditions are also compared; the quantifiable differences in the wave development are attributable to the wi.
Systolic calculation of pair interactions using the cell linked-lists method on multi-processor systems

Methods generally used in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to speed up the calculation of forces by reducing the number of operations that have to be performed mostly fall into two classes: neighbour list [1] or cell linked-lists [2] algorithms. The relative merits of both methods have been discussed extensively in the literature and the discussion is not to be repeated here. Let us only recall the conclusion that the cell linked-lists method becomes competitive if the potential cutoff radius r[sub c] used in the particle--particle interaction calculation is small compared to the system dimensions. According to this method the simulation box is geometrically divided into a regular lattice of cells. These cells are chosen so that the side of the cell l is greater than the cutoff distance r[sub c]. For each cell it is established which particles it contains. Two arrays are created during the particle sorting process. The head-of-chain array HEAD which has one entry for each cell containing the identification number of one particle contained in that cell, and the linked-list array LIST containing the rest of particles indices. By means of these arrays searching through the neighbours is a rapid process. With reference to the two-dimensionalmore » example of Fig. I the neighbours of any particle in cell 24 are to be found in cells 16, 17, 18, 23, 24, 25, 30, 31, 32 for each of which a different path exists from HEAD through LIST array which singles out all the particles contained in it. The present note describes how to access the cell linked-lists method in a systolic parallel context. In this case, no natural partitioning of the cells can be relied upon. « less