Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tropopause Height in Baroclinic Channel Flow

Abstract A wave–mean flow model of dry channel flow is used to investigate the processes that determine the height HT and the slope of the extratropical tropopause. Without baroclinic waves, differential radiative heating and a convective adjustment mechanism cooperate to establish a well-defined tropopause and a mean zonal wind with almost constant vertical shear. This reference state is neutrally stratified in the troposphere and, therefore, baroclinically unstable. It is shown that the meridional and vertical heat transports by the unstable linear eigenmodes induce a rise of the tropopause in the northern part of the channel, whereas there is little change of HT in the south. These predictions of the linear theory are verified by aid of the nonlinear model. Changes of HT are restricted to the jet region if a jet is enforced.
Impact of National Highway (NH-22) Expansion Activities on Ambient Air Quality in Mountainous Region

The study was conducted to analyze the impact of highway expansion activity on air quality. The study area was divided into four equal sites based on distances viz. Site 1, Site 2, Site 3 and Site 4. The observation on different air quality parameters at each site were recorded periodically (three times) at an interval of 15 days during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The ambient air quality levels were compared with NAAQS standards. SO2 concentration in the study area lies in between the range from 6.24 g m-3 to 7.53 g m-3. NO2 concentration in the study area varied from 16. 82ìg m-3 to 26.98 g m-3. The highest SO2 and NO2 concentration were observed in the post-monsoon season and lowest in the pre-monsoon season and lowest in the pre-monsoon season. The concentration of SO2 and NO2 lies within the permissible limits given by NAAQS in all the sites.
The Effects of the Polar Rain on the Polar Wind Ion Outflow From the Nightside Ionosphere

The polar wind, consisting of low‐energy ions and electrons, is an outflow along the open magnetic field lines from the polar cap ionosphere to the magnetosphere. Previous studies found that both solar radiation and solar wind electromagnetic energy are the two main energy sources for the polar wind. The polar rain, being field‐aligned precipitating electrons from the solar wind to the polar cap, may provide additional energies for the polar wind. This scenario is complicated as simulation studies show that polar rain changes the electric potential structures over the polar cap ionosphere. It is unclear how the polar rain affects the polar wind ion outflow. In this study, we show a positive correlation between the polar wind and the polar rain. Meanwhile, the polar wind is generally diminished in regions with strong Earth's magnetic field, suggesting the |B| modulates the penetration depth of the polar rain through the magnetic mirror force and thus the energy dissipation of the polar rain. Therefore, the polar rain can be an additional energy source for the polar wind although the polar rain has generally smaller energies and intensities than the particle precipitations in the auroral regions.
Analysis of Poverty Determinants in The Bali Province 2015-2020

Poverty is a long-term problem in economic development in a country, especially developing countries. This study aims to analyze the effect of economic growth, population, the number of unemployed (TPT), minimum wage, and human development index (IPM) on poverty in Bali Province. The approach used in this research is quantitative with secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) for 2015-2020. The method used to analyze the factors that influence poverty in Bali Province is panel data regression. Based on the results of the study showed that partial economic growth has no effect on poverty. This condition occurs because economic growth in Bali Province has not been inclusive. The minimum wage and the Human Development Index have a negative effect on poverty so an increase in the minimum wage and the HDI will reduce poverty significantly. The number of unemployed and the total population have a positive effect on poverty in the Province of Bali. Simultaneously economic growth, population, number of unemployed (TPT), minimum wage, and human development index (IPM) have a significant effect on poverty in Bali Province.
Solution-processed zirconium acetylacetonate charge-trap layer for multi-bit nonvolatile thin-film memory transistors

ABSTRACT The charge trap property of solution-processed zirconium acetylacetonate (ZAA) for solution-processed nonvolatile charge-trap memory (CTM) transistors is demonstrated. Increasing the annealing temperature of the ZAA from room temperature (RT) to 300°C in ambient, the carbon double bonds within the ZAA decreases. The RT-dried ZAA for the p-type organic-based CTM shows the widest threshold voltage shift (∆VTH ≈ 80 V), four distinct VTHs for a multi-bit memory operation and retained memory currents for 103 s with high memory on- and off-current ratio (IM,ON/IM,OFF ≈ 5Ⅹ104). The n-type oxide-based CTM (Ox-CTM) also shows a ∆VTH of 14 V and retained memory currents for 103 s with IM,ON/IM,OFF ≈ 104. The inability of the Ox-CTM to be electrically erasable is well explained with simulated electrical potential contour maps. It is deduced that, irrespective of the varied solution-processed semiconductor used, the RT-dried organic ZAA as CTL shows the best memory functionality in the fabricated CTMs. This implies that the high carbon double bonds in the low-temperature processed ZAA CTL are very useful for low-cost multi-bit CTMs in flexible electronics. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Balloon Dilatation in the Management of Congenital Obstructive Lesions of the Heart: Review of Author’s Experiences and Observations—Part I

Balloon dilatation techniques became available to treat congenital obstructive lesions of the heart in the early/mid-1980s. The purpose of this review is to present the author’s experiences and observations on the techniques and outcomes of balloon dilatation of pulmonary stenosis (PS), aortic stenosis (AS) and aortic coarctation (AC), both native and postsurgical re-coarctations. Balloon dilatation resulted in a reduction of peak pressure gradient across the obstructive lesion at the time of the procedure as well as at short-term and long-term follow-ups. Complications such as recurrence of stenosis, valvar insufficiency (for PS and AS cases) and aneurysm formation (for AC cases) have been reported, but infrequently. It was recommended that strategies be developed to prevent the reported complications.
Computational Models of Turbulence: The LANS-α Model and the Role of Global Analysis

Over the last 50 years, researchers have proposed numerous computational models of turbulence for obtaining closure. The objective of closure is to capture certain statistical features of the physical phenomenon of turbulence at computably low resolution by mimicking the average effects of the small scales on the larger ones, without calculating the former explicitly. The Lagrangian-averaged Navier–Stokes–alpha (LANS–α) model (also known in the literature as the viscous Camassa–Holm equations, or the Navier–Stokes–α model) is the first turbulence closure model produced by Lagrangian averaging. The LANS–α model combines Lagrangian-averaged nonlinearity with Navier–Stokes viscosity. In modifying the nonlinearity of the Navier–Stokes equation, instead of its dissipation, LANS–α provides a way to reach closure without enhancing viscosity. Derivation from these first principles implied mathematical theorems for its solutions, thereby guaranteeing that the most basic features and statistical properties of the flow (energy transport, circulation, variability, instability, dissipation anomaly, and intermittency) at length scales above the effective cutoff scale of alpha are all modeled “accurately. ” It has been proved analytically that the LANS–α solutions converge to certain solutions of the three-dimensional Navier– Stokes solutions. Moreover, the model’s solutions for nonzero alpha possess a global attractor whose fractal and Hausdorff dimensions are finite. The finite number of degrees of freedom in this model guarantees that the solutions are computable in finite resolution. Details can be found in [4], [10–11]. The theorem-based approach of the LANS–α model development raises new mathematical possibilities for the derivation and analysis of other computational models of turbulence. Application of the alpha model is still in its infancy, but results so far suggest that this new approach will complement, and in some cases subsume, earlier approaches for modeling turbulence in real-world applications.
Functional Versatility of Multi-Protein Mediator Complex in Plant Growth and Development

Abstract The eukaryotic multi-subunit Mediator complex coordinates between transcription activators/repressors and general transcription machinery to direct a rigid transcriptional regulation. In plants, investigations on the Mediator complex have gained pace recently. Several reports from Arabidopsis and other plants provide details of the structure and function of the Mediator complex/subunits. Plant Mediator complex subunits are encoded by multiple paralogous genes and form a complex network regulating diverse aspects of plant growth and development. Different subunits of the Mediator complex are shown to have diverse roles in shaping overall plant architecture and involve multiple hormonal signals. The critical role of the Mediator complex subunits is evident in both the vegetative and reproductive phases of plants. It also mediates metabolite homeostasis and non-coding RNA production. While functional conservation has been attributed to several subunits of the Mediator complex, diverse mechanistic aspects are also emerging. The integration of new knowledge greatly improves our understanding of the complexity of transcriptional control of different traits in plants.
Microscopic and Mechanical Characterization of Co-Cr Dental Alloys Joined by the TIG Welding Process

Due to their good mechanical and other properties, cobalt-chromium alloys (Co-Cr) are often used in prosthetic therapy. The metal structures of prosthetic works can be damaged and break, and depending on the extent of the damage, they can be re-joined. Tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) produces a high-quality weld with a composition very close to that of the base material. Therefore, in this work, six commercially available Co-Cr dental alloys were joined by TIG welding, and their mechanical properties were evaluated to determine the quality of the TIG process as a technology for joining metallic dental materials and the suitability of the Co-Cr alloys used for TIG welding. Microscopic observations were made for this purpose. Microhardness was measured using the Vickers method. The flexural strength was determined on a mechanical testing machine. The dynamic tests were carried out on a universal testing machine. The mechanical properties were determined for welded and non-welded specimens, and the results were statistically evaluated. The results show the correlation between the investigated mechanical properties and the process TIG. Indeed, characteristics of the welds have an effect on the measured properties. Considering all the results obtained, the TIG—welded I—BOND NF and Wisil M alloys showed the cleanest and most uniform weld and, accordingly, satisfactory mechanical properties, highlighting that they withstood the maximum number of cycles under dynamic load.
Study on the GPU-driven mesh generation algorithm for machining simulation

Machining simulation is often used to verify the rationality of NC (Numerical Control) machining toolpath and is the core function of CAM software. In order to improve computational efficiency, machining simulation algorithm is usually designed based on the discrete geometric model of workpiece, which is widely used in engineering. With the discrete geometric model as input, machining simulation algorithm is difficult to generate real-time changing 3D rendering visualization for workpiece. This paper proposed a GPU-driven mesh generation method for machining simulation. This method improves the traditional conversion method based on Marching Cube algorithm and uses the parallel computing capability of GPU to improve the efficiency of mesh generation. The method proposed in this paper supports real-time user interaction and may also be applied to virtual engraving modeling and digital twin for NC machining.
NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER AND AIR FLOW IN RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURES WITH A WAVY WALL

A numerical investigation of laminar natural convection heat transfer and flow in two-dimensional wavy rectangular enclosures is presented. The enclosure is heated from the flat bottom wall and cooled from the wavy (undulated) top wall which is expressed by sinusoidal functions. The lateral walls are adiabatic. The numerical simulations were carried out by the commercially available CFD software—namely the FLUENT. The steady-state continuity, Navier-Stokes and energy equations which are subjected to the Boussinesq approximation are solved using the SIMPLE algorithm. The convergence criteria for all equations are set to 10 5 . The Rayleigh numbers which are considered in the numerical simulations ranged from 5×10 4 to 10 7 while the value 0.7 was used for the Prandtl number of air. The enclosures with aspect ratios of L/H=1, 2, 4 and 8 were studied. The period, , for the sinusoidal functions imposed on the wavy wall was 1.5, 2.5 and 4.5 while the wave-amplitude was kept constant at a/H=0.1. The temperature field and the flow structure were analyzed for varying Rayleigh numbers. The aspect ratio, L/H, the number of undulations of the wavy wall, and the mean Nusselt numbers obtained from the bottom wall are computed and analyzed for each case.
Design and analysis of a super compact UWB antenna for accurate detection of breast tumors using monostatic radar‐based microwave imaging technique

This article proposes a low‐profile ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna for breast tumor detection using the monostatic radar‐based microwave imaging (RBMI) technique. The proposed UWB antenna consists of a circular patch and ground plane along with a modified tapered feed line having a total size of 13 × 9 × 1.6 mm3. The designed antenna operates from 4 to 11 GHz based on a −10 dB reflection coefficient with a peak gain of 9.5 dBi at 4.8 GHz. Experimental validation is carried out after fabricating the prototype of the UWB antenna and the breast mimic. The measured backscattered signals are captured using the vector network analyzer (E‐5063A) by keeping the antenna at 10 mm from the breast phantom. After that, post‐processing of the measured data is done to detect the exact depth and location of the malignant tissue. The proposed antenna uses UWB band frequency of operation because it has some unique features, that is, it provides immunity to multipath fading, has a simple design, has a low cost of fabrication, and has biological friendliness. Moreover, due to the proposed antenna's resonance at a lower resonant frequency better depth of penetration is achieved in human body phantoms and the proposed antenna provides specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.877 W/kg over 1 g of tissue at 4.8 GHz, which is an acceptable limit for SAR as per FCC guidelines. Therefore, the proposed antenna and monostatic RBMI technique are good candidates for breast tumor detection.
Viral Co-Infections and Antiviral Immunity in Honey Bees

Over the past few decades, honey bees have been facing an increasing number of stressors. Beyond individual stress factors, the synergies between them have been identified as a key factor in the observed increase in colony mortality. However, these interactions are numerous and complex and call for further research. Here, in line with our need for a systemic understanding of the threats that they pose to bee health, we review the interactions between honey bee viruses. As viruses are obligate parasites, the interactions between them not only depend on the viruses themselves but also on the immune responses of honey bees. Thus, we first summarise our current knowledge of the antiviral immunity of honey bees. We then review the interactions between specific pathogenic viruses and their interactions with their host. Finally, we draw hypotheses from the current literature and suggest directions for future research.
The Application of Divergences in Prototype Based Vector Quantization

Dit proefschrift geeft een systematische analyse van op divergentie gebaseerde leer algoritmen en levert het mathematisch kader voor het gebruik van deze informatie theoretische maten in verschillende leer algoritmen, waaronder gradient gebaseerde training voorschriften. In het bijzonder richten we ons op ongecontroleerd en gecontroleerde prototype methoden, en op dimensie reductie en visualisatie technieken die gebruik maken van Stochastic Neighborhood Embedding (SNE).
Glioblastoma Metabolism: Insights and Therapeutic Strategies

Tumor metabolism is emerging as a potential target for cancer therapies. This new approach holds particular promise for the treatment of glioblastoma, a highly lethal brain tumor that is resistant to conventional treatments, for which improving therapeutic strategies is a major challenge. The presence of glioma stem cells is a critical factor in therapy resistance, thus making it essential to eliminate these cells for the long-term survival of cancer patients. Recent advancements in our understanding of cancer metabolism have shown that glioblastoma metabolism is highly heterogeneous, and that cancer stem cells exhibit specific metabolic traits that support their unique functionality. The objective of this review is to examine the metabolic changes in glioblastoma and investigate the role of specific metabolic processes in tumorigenesis, as well as associated therapeutic approaches, with a particular focus on glioma stem cell populations.
Social Isolation: A Narrative Review on the Dangerous Liaison between the Autonomic Nervous System and Inflammation

Social isolation and feelings of loneliness are related to higher mortality and morbidity. Evidence from studies conducted during space missions, in space analogs, and during the COVID-19 pandemic underline the possible role of the autonomic nervous system in mediating this relation. Indeed, the activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system enhances the cardiovascular response and activates the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes, which leads to a stimulation of inflammatory activation. This response is adaptive in the short term, in that it allows one to cope with a situation perceived as a threat, but in the long term it has detrimental effects on mental and physical health, leading to mood deflection and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as imbalances in immune system activation. The aim of this narrative review is to present the contributions from space studies and insights from the lockdown period on the relationship between social isolation and autonomic nervous system activation, focusing on cardiovascular impairment and immune imbalance. Knowing the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this relationship is important as it enables us to structure effective countermeasures for the new challenges that lie ahead: the lengthening of space missions and Mars exploration, the specter of future pandemics, and the aging of the population.
Digital Technology Development and Income Inequality in Indonesia: Using System GMM Model

: This study aimed to analyze the importance of information and communication technology (ICT) for economic development. ICT development has been widely studied and well understood, but its impact on income inequality is less well documented. Therefore, this study used a panel data set in 34 provinces in Indonesia during 2013-2020 to examine the impact of ICT development on income inequality. The econometric Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) with the estimation model of the System GMM showed that higher ICT development (Information and Communication Technology Development Index) reduces income inequality (Gini Ratio). This implies that ICT development does not contribute to exacerbating income inequality. However, it could play a role in mitigating and reducing income inequality in Indonesia. Socio-economic and political factors are also important in reducing income inequality. Therefore, redistribution policies and government spending are crucial to reducing income inequality due to ICT development. These policies must be adapted to the needs of each region for ICT development.
Interaction between Dietary Vitamin D3 and Vitamin K3 in Gilthead Seabream Larvae (Sparus aurata) in Relation to Growth and Expression of Bone Development-Related Genes

Vitamins D and K are essential fat-soluble nutrients that intervene in bone development processes among other biological functions. The present study is aimed at investigating the potential combined effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin K3 (menadione) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae. For that purpose, seabream diets were supplemented with different combinations of vitamin D3/vitamin K3 (mg/kg diet) as follows: 0.00/0, 0.06/70, 0.06/170, 0.13/70, 0.13/170, 0.40/70, and 0.40/170. Feeding gilthead seabream larvae (22 days post hatch) for 21 days with the diets supplemented with 0.06-0.13 mg/kg vitamin D3 and 70 mg/kg vitamin K3 (diets 0.06/70 and 0.13/70) led to the highest larval growth and survival and the highest expression of important biomarkers of both bone development and health, such as bmp2, osx, and mgp, and calcium homeostasis, such as pthrp and casr. However, the increased supplementation with both vitamins at 0.40 mg/kg vitamin D3 and 170 mg/kg vitamin K3 (diet 0.40/170) reduced larval growth and survival, downregulated bmp2 and pthrp expressions, and upregulated osx and mgp, causing an unbalance in the relative expression of these genes. The results of the present study have shown the interaction between vitamin D3 supplementation and vitamin K3 supplementation in larval performance and gene expression related to bone development and calcium homeostasis, denoting the significance of a correct balance between both vitamins in larval diets.
Drying Kinetics and Quality Analysis of Coriander Leaves Dried in an Indirect, Stand-Alone Solar Dryer

In this study, coriander leaves were subjected to three different drying techniques; direct sun, shade, and using an indirect solar dryer. In the developed dryer, hot air obtained from a black-body solar collector was pushed by a blower powered by a solar panel, and sent to the drying chamber with multiple trays for thin-layer drying. Experiments were conducted for summer and winter seasons, and temperature and relative humidity variations in the drying chamber were measured using a data acquisition system. Indirect solar dryer performance was evaluated and compared with sun drying and shade drying for drying kinetics, moisture diffusivity, and product quality. The drying rate curves show a linear falling rate throughout the drying process. The drying kinetic models are well-fitted with the Midilli and Kucuk thin-layer drying model. The effective moisture diffusivity of the dried coriander shows a decreasing trend, sun drying (2.63 × 10−10 m2/s and 1.05 × 10−10 m2/s) followed by solar dryer (1.31 × 10−10 m2/s and 6.57 × 10−10 m2/s), and shade drying (6.57 × 10−11 m2/s and 3.94 × 10−11 m2/s) for winter and summer seasons, respectively. Green color changes from −7.22 to −0.056, −7.22 to 3.15, and −7.22 to −0.35 in indirect solar, direct sun, and shade drying, respectively. The hue angle and Chroma are reduced by 12% and 32% in indirect solar drying, respectively. The total phenol content (TPC) value increases with drying, with summer showing the highest values (365 to 852 mg caffeic acid/100 g dry weight) while the antioxidant capacity reaches 3.41 and 3.53 in winter and summer, respectively from 0.22 μmol Trolox/g dry matter of fresh leaves.