Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Análise da distribuição espacial da hanseníase no Estado de São Paulo, 1991-2002

A hanseniase no Brasil ainda e um problema a ser equacionado e, no Estado de Sao Paulo, ha varias regioes com altas taxas de deteccao. O presente estudo objetivou analisar a distribuicao e quantificar a dependencia espacial das taxas medias de deteccao da hanseniase no Estado de Sao Paulo, no periodo de 1991-2002, empregando tecnicas geoestatisticas. Verificou-se tendencia levemente decrescente das taxas medias de deteccao para o Estado de Sao Paulo. Altos indices do indicador podem ser visualizados nas regioes oeste e noroeste de Sao Paulo. A dependencia espacial encontrada foi de aproximadamente 30 km. Com os resultados encontrados, conclui-se que a analise de superficie das taxas medias de deteccao pode auxiliar na escolha de areas prioritarias visando aos exames de coletividade e ao incremento dos exames nos contatos dos casos detectados.
Haemodialysis in the Octogenarian: More Than a Decade of Experience from a Single UK Centre

Background. To assess factors affecting survival in an octogenarian cohort commencing haemodialysis (HD) and describe outcomes associated with prolonged survival. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively analysed 11 years of data (1 January 2000–31 December 2010) from patients aged ≥ 80 years starting HD at a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Data was collected on patient demographics, aetiology of renal failure, indication and duration of HD, access type at first dialysis, Charlson comorbidity index score, and cause of death. Results. Data from 139 eligible patients was included for analysis (85 male, 54 female (1.54 : 1)). The mean age was years and 90% of this cohort were Caucasian. Thirty percent (42/139) of the cohort died within 90 days of starting dialysis. For those who survived >90 days the mean (median) duration of HD was 871.8 (805) days. Long-term survival was more common in females and those who first dialysed through an AVF. Conclusions. There is a significant early mortality risk in octogenarians commencing HD. For individuals who survive beyond the initial 90 days, the majority have a good long-term survival and our results are better than previously published UK data. Long-term survival was more common in female patients and those starting HD using an AVF.
Produção de enterotoxinas e da toxina da síndrome do choque tóxico por cepas de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas na mastite bovina (Production of enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin by Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis)

ABSTRACT A total of 72 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were examined for the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) A, B, C, D and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1). The strains were isolated from milk samples from cows with mastitis in dairy herds of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Off 72 isolates, 38 (52.8%) produced SEA, 38 (52.8%) SEB, 32 (44.4%) SED, 28 (38.9%) SEC and 27 (37.5%) TSST-1. From the 72 strains, 66 (91.7%) produced, at least, one or more toxin, including TSST-1. Keywords: bovine, mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus, enterotoxins, TSST-1 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS BERGDOLL, M.S. Staphylococcus aureus . In: Foodborne bacterial pathogens. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1989. p.463-523. BERGDOLL, M.S.; CHESNEY, P.J. (Eds). Toxic shock syndorme. Boston: CRC, 1991. 235p. BEZEK, D.M. ; HULL, B.L. Peracute gangrenous mastitis and cheilitis associated with enterotoxin-secreting Staphylococcus aureus in a goat. Can. Vet. J., v.36, p.106-107, 1995. CARDOSO, H.F. T. ; CARMO, L.S. ; SILVA, N. Deteccao da toxina-1 da sindrome do choque toxico em amostras de
Inhibition and Disruption Properties of Chlorhexidine Gluconate on Single and Multispecies Oral Biofilms

Background: Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) is the most common antimicrobial agent used against oral pathogens, however information on its ability to inhibit and disrupt anaerobic single and multispecies biofilms is relatively unknown. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of CHX for its biofilm inhibition and disruption properties using crystal violet assay. Materials and Methods: Biofilm assays were carried out on single and multispecies of four oral pathogens: Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Results: Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and multi-species biofilm formation were inhibited in more than 90% of cases at concentrations of 3-12 mg/L. CHX exhibited strong disruptive activity (> 65%) on one-day old biofilms of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. Conclusions: In conclusion, CHX was a high effective biofilm inhibitor on S. mutans, F. nucleatum and multispecies biofilms but had a minimal effect on P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Conversely, CHX showed disruptive properties on late colonizers in single species biofilms but not on early colonizers and multispecies biofilms.
EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SECHIUM EDULE FRUITS IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Sechium edule fruits on alloxan induced diabetes in wistar rats. Oral administration of Sechium edule (200 mg/kg, p.o. and 100mg/kg, p.o.) prevent the body weight loss and significantly (p<0.01) decrease the blood glucose level on 0, 7, 14, and 21 day. The lipid profile of diabetic rats was also improved on administration of ethanolic extract of Sechium edule fruits.
Antimicrobial activity of a poly-herbal extract against dental micro flora

The extracts of six herbs (cf. medicinal plants) namely Azadirachta indica A.Juss. , Emblica officinales Gaertn. , Terminalia belerica Linn. , Terminalia chebula Retz. , Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.ex DC) Wight and Arn. , and Mangifera indica L, as individual and as combination were tested for animal toxicity, anti-microbial activity in vitro and for Total Viable Counts of dental plaque in vivo studies. The formulation was then prepared and its antimicrobial activity was compared with the marketed chlorhexidine mouthwash. The results indicate that this polyherbal mouthwash holds promise in improving the oral hygiene in healthy individuals and help in preventing dental caries and gingivitis through plaque control.
RAMIFICATIONS OF WEB-BASED HEALTH ASSESSMENT TOOLS ON CONSUMER BEHAVIORS AND HEALTH OUTCOMES

With the explosion of Internet as a major transformational tool for the provision of health information and care, little is known about its effects on consumer health behaviors and health outcomes (Weaver, Thompson, Weaver, & Hopkins, 2009). Because health-related websites are expanding consumer access to medical information once only available to physicians (Herrick, 2005), there is a need to develop a recommended plan that incorporates the use of Internet-based self-assessment tools into quality health management. A panel of 26 experts in health care throughout the United States participated in a qualitative Delphi study to reach a consensus on potential health benefits and risks of web-based consumer health assessment tools as well as provide recommendations for safe and effective use of such tools. The goal of the study was to discover the flaws and strengths in the current system, and ultimately provide recommendations for the transformation and optimal use of Internet-based health information and tools by consumers and health care providers.
The State of Teaching Practice Planning at a Rural University in South Africa

Abstract This study sought to establish the status of teaching practice planning at Walter Sisulu University. The sample consisted of 50 participants (30 student teachers, 10 host teachers, 10 university lecturers). The mixed-methods approach consisting of quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed. Questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The study revealed that there was a serious lack of communication between the university and the schools used for teaching practice in the planning of the exercise. The role players in teaching practice were not fully involved in its planning. The majority of the host teachers were never involved in the planning for teaching practice. What was clear was that the planning of teaching practice is undertaken by the university alone without involving the host teachers. The study recommends collaborative planning of teaching practice by the university and the schools.
COMMON ANTI-MALARIAL DRUG PRESCRIPTION AND PATIENT AFFORDABILITY IN SOKOTO NIGERIA

Objective: This study aimed at accessing the pattern of antimalarial prescriptionagainst current WHO recommendationand patient affordability of the prescribed antimalarial drug. Methods: This study recruited outpatients that were prescribed antimalarial drug for uncomplicated malaria in the normal course of medical practice in health centers within Sokoto Metropolis, and a total of two hundred structured questionnaires were issued on patient's socioeconomic and demographic background, as well as methods of malaria diagnosis and treatment pattern. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistic version 20 (SPSS Inc. Chigao, USA). Results: Artemisinin-based combination therapy is the major (75.0%) antimalarial prescribed, followed by mono therapy (19.5%) and 81.5% of the patients belong to middle socioeconomic class, and 12.5% lower class. However, 25.5% could not afford the antimalarial drugs, out of which 88.2% were ACTs. Conversely, unaffordability is higher (82.4%) among middle class followed by lower socioeconomic class (15.7%), of which females constituting 30.0% of the lower class. Most of the diagnoses were presumptive (56.5%), while laboratory or parasitological diagnosis was made in 43.5% of the patients. Conclusion: This study concludes that over a quarter of respondent could not afford antimalarial medications, with more than one half of the malaria diagnosis been presumptive. Therefore, there is the need to emphasize adherence to current WHO recommendation of confirmation of all cases of malaria by a laboratory test before treatment so as to reduce misuse of antimalarial drugs, as well as resistance, and also reduced socioeconomic pressure on the patient and family.
EFFICACY OF VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION IN CHRONIC ALCOHOLICS UNDERGOING DETOXIFICATION

Ninety-seven admissions to an alcoholic unit were allocated to one of three groups receiving either oral vitamin supplements, intravenous vitamin therapy or placebo during a fiveday detoxification regime. Thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine status was assessed by measurement of erythrocyte transketolase (ETK), glutathione reductase (EGR) and glutamateoxaloacetate transaminasc (EGOT) activities on Days 0, 2 and 5. Vitamin status as assessed by these parameters improved in most patients by Day 5 irrespective of the treatment regime. However, two-thirds of those patients originally thiamine-deficient, as assessed by basal ETK, were still deficient after fivedays, irrespective of vitamin therapy received. Assessment of thiamine status by basal ETK yielded more patients rated as deficient than did assessment by the activation coefficient for transketolase ( a -ETK or ‘TPP effect’). EGOT was elevated in nearly all patients studied, whilst erythrocyte pyridoxal-5-phosphate concentrations were low, indicating that in alcoholics, EGOT is a poor indicator of pyridoxine status.
Study of obstetric and fetal outcome of twin pregnancy in a tertiary care centre

Background: The past two decades have witnessed a sharp rise in the incidence of twin and higher order gestations. The progress and developments in assisted reproductive technology, availability and widespread use of ovulation inducing drugs and delayed childbearing are thought to be the causes responsible for the rise. Twin pregnancy is associated with increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality as well as healthcare costs. Maternal complications like hypertensive disorders, anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm labour, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and placental abruption increases. It is also responsible for repeated antenatal admissions, longer hospital stay, blood transfusions and increase in operative vaginal or cesarean delivery, post-partum hemorrhage and Hysterectomy. Twins have an increased risk of intraventricular hemorrhage, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal death. The objective of the study was to study the maternal and fetal outcome of twin pregnancy. Methods: Retrospective analytical review of all twin deliveries at the teaching hospital medical college of Central India, over a period of 3 years between January 2010 and December 2012.There were 55 twin deliveries, data analysis regarding maternal age, parity, presentation, gestational age at delivery, obstetric complication mode of delivery, birth weights, and perinatal morbidity & mortality was analyzed. Results: Majority of patients 44 (80%) were in age group of 20-30 years. 55% patients were booked and 62% were from urban area. 18 (32%) patients could reach beyond 37 weeks, there were 21 (38%) cases between 34 to 37 weeks and 16 (29%) between 30 to 34 weeks of gestation. Preterm delivery was the commonest complication occurring in 67% of the cases. Cephalic presentation of both the babies occurred in 36% of the cases. 50% of the twins needed admission to NICU for various indications like prematurity, birth asphyxia, low birth weight, meconium staining of liquor & delivery by caesarean section. In our study among the 55 twin births there were 16 (29 %) perinatal deaths and one maternal mortality. Conclusions: Twin pregnancies are high risk pregnancies with more maternal and fetal complications. The use of antenatal care services, identification and anticipation of complications, intrapartum management and good NICU facilities will help to improve maternal and neonatal outcome in twin pregnancies.
(E)-1-(5-Chlorothiophen-2-yl)-3-(p-tolyl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title compound, C14H11ClOS, the trans conformation of the C=C double bond in the central enone group is confirmed by the C—C=C—C torsion angle of 178.3 (4)°. The mol­ecule is non-planar as seen by the dihedral angle of 22.6 (2)° between the chloro­thio­phene and the p-toluene rings. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by pairs of C—H⋯π inter­actions, forming inversion dimers. There are no other significant inter­molecular inter­actions present.
MRSA in pig farms: human epidemiology

LA-MRSA has an extremely high prevalence in persons in contact with live pigs and their family members; it was found in up to 63% of pig farmers, 10% of household members, 15% of pig slaughterhouse personnel, and 46% of eld workers. However, LA-MRSA has not yet spread from the farms into the community; only 0,2% of persons living in the most pig-dense municipalities in the Netherlands carried MRSA.
Urate and Parkinson’s Disease: A Novel Biomarker with Potential Prognostic and Therapeutic Values

Urate is a potent antioxidant that effectively scavenges reactive nitrogen and oxygen radicals, 1 and therefore, has been thought to have a favorable role in pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Experimental studies showed that urate reduced oxidative stress primarily through its actions as an effective scavenger of peroxynitrite (ONOO - ) and hydroxyl radicals. 1, 2 Urate completely prevented the death of the dopaminergic cells in culture induced by homocysteine plus rotenone or by homocysteine plus iron. 3 To test the hypothesis that urate is neuroprotective for PD, several epidemiologic studies have been conducted. [N A J Med Sci. 2009;2(2):39-40. ]
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Co-infections among HIV Positive Individuals. .

Confection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV is common, with 70-90% of HIV-infected individuals in the United States having evidence of past or active infection with HBV.However, in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where vertical and early childhood exposure are the most common modes of transmission, respectively. Therefore, the prevalence of HBV among HIV-infected individuals is higher at an estimated 20-30%. One hundred and eighty- eight (188) HIV confirmed subjects on Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy (HAART), attending General Hospital Pankshin, Plateau state Nigeria, were enrolled for the study. Consent of the volunteers was sought after which a well-structured questionnaire was issued to volunteers to obtain social and demographic data. Overall result showed that, sixty-six 66(35%) were positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Gender distributions showed that 18(9.6) were males compared to 48 (25.5%) females. The mean value for CD4+ cell absolute count and values of alanine transaminase value for HBsAg positive subjects were determined with values ranging between 211-361 cells/µl and 25.0-27.3 I.u respectively, this is in contrast to the CD4+cell absolute count, and alanine transaminase values for HBsAg negative subjects whose values ranged from 181-472 cells/µl and 14.3-28.3 I.u respectively. Similarly, the CD4+ count of HIV/HBV co-infected subjects, who were noted to respond to HAART recorded a better outcome. It is therefore needful that all HIV positive patients be screened for HBsAg, while patients who lack the HBsAb and do not have the HBsAg positivity or occult HBV should be vaccinated against HBV so as to influence the clinical management of subjects on HARRT. (Edith A.Onwuliri, James A.Ndako and Moses Y. Dimlong. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Co-infections among HIV Positive Individuals. Researcher 2014;6(8):74-79). (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub. net/researcher . 13
Demographical Study of H. pylori Associated Gastritis

To study correlation between gastritis and different topics (gender, age, type of gastritis, duration of disease, RUT results, RDT results, susceptibility to other infectious diseases and smoking). This study was carried out in College of Medicine, University of Basrah, during the period from 17 th of April 2009 to 15 th of July 2010. A total of 100 patients (41 males and 59 females and a total of 30 controls (18 males and 12 females) were included in this study. Gastric biopsies were collected from gastritis patients attending endoscopy unit in AlSadder Teaching Hospital in Basrah city/ Iraq and were subjected to rapid urease test. Also blood samples were drawn from gastritis patients and controls for rapid diagnostic test. An increased frequency of females in gastritis patients was statistically significant (P< 0.05; OR= 2.12) when compared with controls. No significant difference between males and females in (RUTR OR= 2.12) when compared with controls. No significant correlation was observed between smoking and presence of other infectious diseases but there was strong association (OR= 3.48). The correlation between smoking and +ve RUT results were statistically not significant, but the association was strong (OR= 3.24). The frequency of smokers with +ve RDT was statistically significant with strong association (P < 0.05; OR= 2.89).
Gender Determination by Mental Foramen and Height of the Body of the Mandible in Dentulous Patients A Radiographic Study

Distinguishing sex by analyzing the morphological characteristics of bone is important in the field of physical and forensic anthropology. Panoramic radiographs are commonly used in all disciplines of dentistry. This paper emphasizes the determination of sex based on the measurement of the height of the mandible and the position of the mental foramen in dentulous patients on the right side of the orthopantomograph. Orthopantomographs of 102 Dentulous patients were selected for the purpose of the study. The study sample was divided into three groups of less than 25 years, 25 – 50 years and above 50 years. Measurements were made using the reference lines drawn from anatomical landmarks. Four measurements were made on every radiograph on the right side digitally. The data obtained was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. The results of the study showed statistically significant difference in comparison of the height of the mandible in males and females (p<0.05).
Suicidal cut throat - A case report

Cut throat is not a very common method preferred for committing suicide. Homicidal cut throat is more commonly seen in our country. The common methods used for committing suicide in our country are hanging, consumption of poison, burns, jumping from height, drowning, firearms, stabbing etc. Suicidal incised wounds are found most commonly in the neck and is usually associated with hesitational cut wounds. This paper is presented due to its rarity.
Effects of a structured educational intervention on metabolic control of type-1 diabetes mellitus patients

Background Children with type-1 diabetes face not only short- term complications but also long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications. Therefore, a continuing medical care and education to reach blood glucose near normal range is abso- lutely required. An addition of behavioral educational intervention to intensive diabetes management resulted in improved metabolic control and quality of life. Objective To determine the effects of a structured educational intervention to parents and patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus on their knowledge and patient metabolic control. Methods In this interventional study with pretest-posttest design at Department of Child Health, Medical School, University of Indo- nesia, a total of 21 patients with the age between 8 and 18 years and their parents were assigned to follow a structured educational program over period of 6 months. During the 6 intervention ses- sions, some procedures were applied: obtaining HbA1c at initial, 3 rd and 6 th month using HPLC procedure, classroom teaching pro- gram, small group discussions, role-playing and pre-posttests. Results The mean HbA1c level in the 21 children and adoles- cents at initial, 3 rd and 6 th month were 10.05% (SD 2.67%), 10.28% (SD 2.23%) and 10.01% (SD 2.67%), which showed no significant changes (P>0.05). After 6 educational sessions, the result showed significant changes in both parents’ (P<0.05) and patients’ knowl- edge (P<0.05). Patients’ diabetes-related knowledge had a mod- erate correlation (r=-0.632; P=0.02) , but parents’ diabetes-related knowledge had no significant correlation (r=-0.348; P=0.122) with patient mean HbA1c level. Conclusion A structured educational intervention used in this study is able to improve parents’ and patients’ diabetes-related knowl- edge significantly. Patients’ diabetes-related knowledge had a sig- nificant correlation with metabolic control