Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study of Water and Carbon Dioxide Solubilities in Mid-Ocean Ridge Basaltic Liquids. Part II: Applications to Degassing

Degassing processes in basaltic magmas rich in both water and carbon dioxide can be modeled using the solubilities of the endmember systems and the assumption of Henry's law. Suites of vapor-saturated basaltic melts having a range of initial CO_2/H_2O ratios and erupted over a narrow depth interval will define negatively sloped arrays on an H_2O vs CO_2 plot. It is important that all of the major volatile species be considered simultaneously when interpreting trends in dissolved volatile species concentrations in magmas. Based on measured concentrations of water and carbon dioxide in basaltic glasses, the composition of the vapor phase at 1200°C that could coexist with a basaltic melt and the pressure at which it would be vapor saturated can be calculated. The range in vapor compositions in equilibrium with submarine basalts reflects the range in water contents in the melts characteristic of each environment. The ranges in the molar proportion of CO_2 in vapor phases (X^ν_(CO2)) calculated to be in equilibrium with submarine tholeiitic glasses are 0⋅93–1⋅00 for mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), 0⋅60–0⋅99 for glasses from Kilauea [representative of ocean island basalts (OIB)] and 0–0⋅94 for glasses from back-arc basins (BABB). MORB glasses from spreading centers ranging from slow (e.g. the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) to fast (e.g. East Pacific Rise, 9–13°N) are commonly supersaturated with respect to CO_2-rich vapor, resulting from magma ascent rates so rapid that magmas erupt on the sea-floor without having been fully degassed by bubble nucleation and growth during ascent. In contrast to the MORB glasses, volatile contents in submarine glasses from Kilauea are consistent with having been in equilibrium with a vapor phase containing 60–100 mol% CO_2 at the pressure of eruption, reflecting differences in average magma transport rates during eruptions at mid-ocean ridges and hotspot volcanoes. Degassing during decompression of tholeiitic basaltic magma is characterized by strong partitioning of CO_2 into the vapor phase. During open system degassing, CO_2 is rapidly removed from the melt with negligible loss of water, until a pressure is reached at which the melt is in equilibrium with nearly pure water vapor. From this pressure downward, the water content of the melt follows the water solubility curve. During closed system degassing, water and CO_2 contents in vapor-saturated basaltic magmas will depend strongly on the vapor composition as determined by the initial volatile concentrations. Deviation from open system behavior, toward lower dissolved H_2O and CO_2 saturation concentrations at a given pressure, will be greatest in melts having high total volatile concentrations and high CO_2:H_2O ratios. Closed system degassing of basaltic melts having the low initial H_2O and CO_2 contents typical of MORB and OIB, however, are similar to the open system case.
Residential satisfaction in a context of urban exclusion

Abstract This article studies residential satisfaction among the inhabitants (immigrants and Spanish-born) of El Puche, a neighbourhood immersed in a process of exclusion located on the outskirts of the city of Almeria. For this purpose, a survey was administered to compile objective and subjective attributes of the residential environment, variables relating to residential mobility and the interviewee's sociodemographic profile. The results of the factor analysis performed show that the three components that define the residential environment—neighbourhood, house and neighbours—provide indices of residential quality. In the second stage, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis was conducted to identify the predictors of overall residential satisfaction and the relative importance of each one. More specifically, in El Puche, the variables ‘rundown area’, ‘conflictive inter-ethnic relationships’, ‘isolated location’, ‘low quality construction’, ‘shops’ and ‘crime’ provide the best explanation of residential dissatisfaction.
Aerobic exercise combined with chlorogenic acid exerts neuroprotective effects and reverses cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease model mice (APP/PS1) via the SIRT1/ /PGC-1α/PPARγ signaling pathway

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease account for 60–80% of the total number of people with dementia, but its treatment and prevention strategies are still in a long process of exploration. It has been reported that a healthy lifestyle may be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for the prevention and treatment of AD, including increased physical activity and the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods. This study, therefore, investigated the effects of 8 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (EX), administration of chlorogenic acid administration (GCA), and a combination of both (EX+GCA) on β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress markers, neuronal damage, and cognitive performance in the brains of AD model mice (APP/PS1) and which signaling pathways may be responsible for these effects. The study used Western blot to detect the expression of signaling pathway-related proteins, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the expression of inflammatory factors, hematoxylin–eosin staining to detect hippocampal neuronal morphology, immunohistochemistry to detect changes in Aβ deposition in the hippocampus, an oxidative stress marker kit to detect oxidative stress status and the Morris water maze to detect changes in cognitive performance. This study showed that an 8-week intervention (EX/GCA/EX+GCA) activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway improved oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, Aβ deposition, and cognitive performance in mice. However, there was no obvious difference between the EX and GCA groups. In contrast, the combined EX+GCA intervention was significantly better than phase EX or GCA. Our study suggests that although relief of Aβ deposition, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal damage, and cognitive decline could also be achieved with EX or GCA, the combined EX+GCA intervention showed better results. These relief effects on AD-related conditions may be obtained by mediating the activation of the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. This study is the first to explore the improvement of AD-related conditions with a combined lifestyle of EX+GCA. This healthy lifestyle could be a candidate option for the treatment of AD.
The Impact of Public Governance on Fiscal Pressure in Selected Emerging Countries

The purpose of our article is to assess the effect of diverse indicators pertaining to government quality and risk on fiscal pressure. The analysis focuses on 14 emerging countries in the European Union from 2002 to 2020. The results reveal that public governance indicators account for 51 percent of the variance in fiscal pressure, with the quality of regulations, corruption, and rule of law indicators having the most significant impact. This empirical study addresses an essential concern for policymakers, specifically the quality of public governance and its subsequent influence on fiscal pressure, with direct repercussions on the lives of citizens.
Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Dosages and Sonication Time on Hydration Heat Evolution in Cementitious Composites

This study aimed to investigate the heat generated during the hydration process in cementitious composites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The cumulative heat release and heat flow of these cementitious composites were measured over a period of 168 h using isothermal calorimetry. Three different MWCNT dosages, 0.05 wt%, 0.1 wt%, and 0.2 wt%, along with two different sonication times for the solution, which were 20 min and 60 min, were applied in the experimental program. The results reveal that the incorporation of MWCNTs and the use of a naphthalene-based superplasticizer to disperse the nanotubes generally led to a reduction in heat emission during the early stages of hydration, a lower first peak value in the initial stage of hydration, and a significant delay in the acceleration period compared with the reference sample lacking this superplasticizer. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that both the dosage of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and the sonication time have an impact on the heat emission and hydration process since the same amount of superplasticizer was applied to all pastes. An increase in the MWCNT dosage led to a decrease in the rate of hydration heat at the main peak for all pastes. Additionally, longer sonication times resulted in lower values of heat generated, reduced main peak values in the heat rate evolution, and generally extended delays in the occurrence of the main peak.
Primed Tactile Stimulus Processing during Sleep

The aim was to investigate how the primed and unprimed non-painful tactile stimuli during sleep would be processed. A total of 22 healthy subjects (19.55 ± 1.10 years) were randomly divided into two groups. The same stimuli were applied to both groups, but the study group (SG) received them twice (daytime and sleep), whereas the control group (CG) received them only during sleep. A 40-channel PSG and a pneumatic tactile stimulator unit were used. Evoked potential components of the CZ electrode were examined in four sleep stages (N1, N2, N3, and REM). The Mann–Whitney U test was used for group comparison, and the Wilcoxon test was used for in-group evaluations. The P50 and N300 response components were observed in all sleep stages in both groups. P50 decreased as sleep deepened in the SG. The N300 increased as sleep deepened and started to decrease again in the REM stage. Moreover, in N1, the amplitudes of P200-N300 and N300-P450 in the SG were significantly greater than those in the CG. The fact that P50 was observed even in N3 indicates that bottom-up sensory processing continues during sleep. Moreover, the central processing of primed and unprimed stimuli exhibited dynamic differences. Furthermore, an increase in N300 amplitude suggests suppressive processes to facilitate and maintain sleep.
Recent Developments in Financial Risk and the Real Economy

This paper reviews recent developments in macro and (cid:133)nance on the relationship between (cid:133)nancial risk and the real economy. We focus on three speci(cid:133)c topics: the term structure of uncertainty, time variation (cid:150) and speci(cid:133)cally the long-term decline (cid:150)in the variance risk premium, and time variation in conditional skewness. We also introduce two new data series: implied volatility from one-day options on grains for the period 1906-1936
How Product Quality, Brand Image and Price Perception Impact on Purchase Decision of Running Shoes?

This study intends to clearly reveal what are the impacts of the variable product quality, brand image, and price perception on purchasing decisions for Adidas Running shoes. This study used a survey method with quantitative analysis using surveys and questionnaires for data collection. This research was conducted in the year of 2020 and consumed times more than 3 months to collect data from respective respondents. The results of this study prove that product quality has a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions, brand image has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, and price perceptions have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, as well as product quality, brands. Image and price perception have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions for Adidas running shoes in Jakarta. The results of this research can be used by companies to develop their companies to be more advanced and developing. The contribution of this research is to prove how important for running shoes manufacturers and or shoes productions as well as the value of operational marketing techniques for other running shoe sellers in meeting consumer needs.
When Should Recommenders Account for Low QoS?

Content recommendation systems, also known as recommenders, are pervasive and have significant impact on user demands over the Internet. Platforms such as YouTube and Netflix constantly seek to improve their recommendation systems, to provide better quality of experience (QoE) for their users. QoE, in turn, depends on a multitude of factors, including the quality of recommendation (QoR), e.g., based on users histories and content categories, and the quality of service (QoS), e.g., measured by network delay and throughput. Even though QoS is key in a best-effort Internet, existing recommendation systems overlook it, resulting in recommendations that are suboptimal in terms of QoE. In this study, our goal is to devise a QoS-aware, QoE-friendly, content recommendation system and indicate its feasibility in the wild. For this purpose, we conducted an experiment with real users driven by the following question: When should recommenders account for low QoS? Each user is requested to evaluate pairs of videos, that vary in their contents and QoS levels. We experimentally determined category-dependent thresholds that determine the sensitivity of users with respect to QoS and QoR. Given the collected insights on QoS-aware recommendations, we considered our second research question: Can recommenders compensate for low QoS? We conducted experiments over the Internet, relying on YouTube API and network measurements tools, and report our findings on (i) the characterization of QoS and (ii) the compensation for low QoS. Our measurements suggest that content far from the trends tends to be far from the user. We quantified the extent to which unpopular content tends to be served with a lower QoS and established a methodology to determine the relationship between content popularity and its physical proximity to users. Then, we verified that making requests a bit trendier can hit much closer content.
A glance at the Odonata of the Cambodian coastal mountainous regions: end of dry season in 2010.

During a visit to the coastal regions of Cambodia within the Provinces of Koh Kong, Kampong Saom, Kampot and Kep within April 12-23, 2010, 59 species of Odonata were found. Of these, 51 were identified, 2 preliminarily identified (1 by exuviae, 1 to a known species with the valid name unresolved), 1 dubious (Aciagrion cf. pallidum), 3 not identified (just visual observations) and 2 seemingly undescribed, namely Burmagomphus sp. and Microgomphus sp. Fourteen species were recorded for the first time for this country, namely Neurobasis chinensis, Dysphaea gloriosa, Euphaea masoni, Onychargia atrocyana, Copera marginipes, Copera vittata, Prodasineura autumnalis Prodasineura verticalis sensu Asahina, 1983, Lathrecista asiatica, Orthetrum chrysis, Rhyothemis obsolescens, Tramea transmarina euryale, Zygonyx iris malayana, Zyxomma petiolatum; taking the current checklist for Cambodia up to 83 species. Some features of the collected specimens relevant to their taxonomy are discussed. Brief field notes are provided and Odonata records enumerated. The habitats and community of Odonata at the Cardamon Mts. foothills at the end of dry season are discussed.
The Relative Burden of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses in Firefighters: An Analysis of Washington Workers’ Compensation Claims, 2006–2020

Firefighters face many hazards on the job and have a high rate of work-related injuries and illnesses (WRII). We analyzed Washington workers’ compensation claims from 2006–2020 to characterize WRII in firefighters compared to law enforcement officers and “all other” workers. There were 9187 compensable claims for firefighters, 7801 for law enforcement officers, and 586,939 for “all other” workers. Nearly 40% of claims for firefighters were work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The claim rate per 10,000 full-time equivalent (FTE) firefighters was 716.4, which is significantly higher than that of law enforcement officers (510.0) and “all other” workers (163.2). The rate per 10,000 FTE of WMSD claims was also higher in firefighters (277.0) than in law enforcement officers (76.2) and “all other” workers (57.6). Additional WRII among firefighters commonly included being struck or caught in objects, slipping or tripping, and exposure to caustic or noxious substances; and amongst law enforcement, transportation accidents and violence. Medical costs and time-loss days per claim were lower for firefighters and law enforcement than for “all other” workers. Common tasks associated with WMSDs in firefighters included lifting and transporting patients, using specific tools and equipment, and physical training. WMSDs stand out as an area for prevention and intervention activities.
Determination of P-Wave Velocity Structures, Earthquake Hypocenters, and Focal Mechanisms in the Morgan Hill Region of Central California

P-wave velocity structure, earthquake hypocenters, and focal mechanisms are investigated by applying an analytic ray tracing technique to 2437 P-wave arrivals from 154 locally recorded earthquakes from the Morgan Hill region of central California. Taking as our reference the results of a previous investigation by Michael (1988) on the effects of laterally varying structure on these parameters of hypocenters and focal mechanisms, we found that to the first order the principal structures are preserved, but that features associated with the fault zone tend to he better focused and of higher contrast when the analytic ray tracer is used. In particular, the low velocities associated with the Madrone Springs and Calaveras faults are confined to a narrow zone of about 5 km width. Contrasts in velocities associated with this zone are 2-3% larger at shallow depth. These contrasts gradually decrease with depth, but are evident to depths of at least 12 km. Hypocenters relocated in this structure shift systematically to the east by 1-2 km and their depths generally increase by as much as 5 km. The combined effect of the epicenter and depth shift is to decrease the apparent dip of the seismic zone by 4° and to move the surface intercept of the seismic zone to the east by 0.8 km. Compared with those determined by approximate ray tracing, initial ray directions calculated with the analytic ray tracer are within+5° in azimuth but can be as much as 30° different in take-off angle. The danger of attempting focal mechanism analysis with only a few arrivals is therefore evident. The effects of these differences on the deduced focal mechanisms themselves appear to be on the order of 10° in the strike and dip of the probable fault plane.
Phase transformations in an ascending adiabatic mixed‐phase cloud volume

Regimes of liquid‐ice coexistence that may form in an adiabatic parcel ascending at constant velocity at freezing temperatures are investigated. Four zones with different microphysical structures succeeding one another along the vertical direction have been established. On the basis of a novel balance equation, analytical expressions are derived to determine the conditions specific for each of these zones. In particular, the necessary and sufficient conditions for formation of liquid water phase within an ascending parcel containing only ice particles are determined. The results are compared to findings reported in earlier studies. The role of the Wegener‐Bergeron‐Findeisen mechanism in the phase transformation is analyzed. The dependence of the phase relaxation time on height in the four zones is investigated on the basis of a novel analytical expression. The results obtained in the study can be instrumental for analysis and interpretation of observed mixed‐phase clouds.
Radar-Based People Counting Under Heterogeneous Clutter Environments

Radar-based people counting (RPC) systems, which perceive their surroundings through wireless reflections from radar, can provide crowd information free from privacy invasion and illumination problems. Current RPC approaches leverage a deep supervised learning framework to classify the number of individuals from complicated radar data, based on a labeled set of signals. However, they have a critical limitation in terms of practicality in that even a marginal change in the surrounding environment requires new data acquisition and time/labor-consuming crowd labeling. To address this problem, this study proposes a novel framework that transfers the RPC semantics from a previous dataset constructed under a certain environment into reflections from other environments, thus enabling fully unsupervised RPC in variable clutter environments. Considering that the main sources of environmental bias originate from environment-variant components within the radar signal itself and the embedded feature domain, our key idea is to mitigate the environmental dependency in each aspect through radar-centric stochastic signal augmentations and unsupervised domain adaptation. This process allows the model to confuse environment-dependent signatures and focus solely on the reflections from humans. Based on experiments under real measured datasets, we verify the robustness of the framework in dynamic clutter conditions, where existing RPC approaches completely fail.
Dynamics and Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota, Metabolome, and Fecal Calprotectin in Very Preterm Infants: Insights into Feeding Intolerance

Background: Feeding intolerance (FI) is a significant concern in the care of preterm infants, impacting their growth and development. We previously reported that FI is linked to lower fecal calprotectin (FC) levels. This study aims to explore the postnatal dynamics and interplay between microbiota, metabolic profiles, and host immunity in preterm infants with and without FI. Methods: Infants with gestational age <32 weeks or birth weight <1500 g were enrolled at the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University between January 2018 and October 2020. Weekly fecal samples were analyzed for bacterial profiling, metabolome, and calprotectin levels, exploring their longitudinal development and interrelationships. Results: Of the 118 very preterm infants studied, 48 showed FI. These infants experienced an interrupted microbial–immune trajectory, particularly at 3–4 weeks of age, marked by a reduced bacterial abundance, alpha diversity, and FC levels. Metabolic changes in FI were pronounced between 3 and 6 weeks. Pantothenic acid and two polyamine metabolites were closely associated with bacterial abundance and FC levels and negatively correlated with the duration to attain full enteral feeding. Conclusions: FI infants demonstrated compromised microbiome–immune interactions, potentially influenced by specific metabolites. This research underscored the importance of early microbial and metabolic development in the pathogenesis of FI in very preterm infants.