Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying the Potential for Partial Integration of Private and Public Transportation

In this paper, we explore the potential for a partial integration of private and public transportation as provided by taxi and bus services on the level of individual trips. While these modes are typically separated for economic reasons, in the future with shared Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) providing cheap and efficient transportation services, such distinctions will blur. Consequently, optimization based on real-time data will allow exploiting parallels in demand in a dynamic way, such as the proposed approach in the current work. New operational and pricing strategies will then need to be considered, along with regulatory tools to limit congestion, encourage sharing and provide services in a more sustainable way by utilizing a dynamic landscape of urban transportation. In the current work, we evaluate existing parallels between individual bus and taxi trips in two Asian cities and show how exploiting these synergies could form the basis of achieving some of the above goals in the future.
Infant-directed Speech by Dutch Fathers: Increased Pitch Variability within and across Utterances

ABSTRACT Although both fathers and mothers speak differently in infant-directed speech (IDS) compared to adult-directed speech (ADS), the acoustic characteristics of present-day paternal IDS are still insufficiently understood. To extend this understanding, 11 fathers and 17 mothers in The Netherlands were recorded interacting with their infant (260–476 days old; for IDS) and with an adult experimenter (for ADS). Both fathers and mothers were found to raise their average pitch, expand their pitch variability within utterance, and increase their pitch variability across utterances in IDS. Moreover, fathers increased their pitch variability within and across utterances more than mothers. The IDS produced by present-day Dutch-speaking fathers is thus acoustically highly dynamic, in line with fathers’ energetic interaction style.
Can Health Insurance Protect Against Catastrophic Health Expenditures in Iran? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

The results of previous Iranian studies on the protective effect of health insurance on catastrophic health expenditures ( CHE ) are inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this meta ‐ analysis was to sum marize all existent evidence. We searched international and Iranian scientific databases for relevant literature. Using a Mantel – Haenszel random ‐ effects model, the pooled odds ratios ( OR ) were calcu -lated. Subgroup meta ‐ analyses were performed considering the type of insurance and study pop -ulation. The pooled OR for the protective effect of health insurance risk on facing CHE was 0.93 ( 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68 – 1.28 ) . The protective effect of the two types of insurance was statisti cally insignificant. Health insurance does not effectively provide financial protection against CHE in Iran. Expanding the prepayment mechanism and integrating health insurance funds can be good strategies in protecting people from CHE. More attention should be paid to the design of health insurance benefit package to cover chronic diseases.
Open drug markets, vulnerable neighbourhoods and gun violence in two Swedish cities

ABSTRACT Gun violence is a serious issue in many countries across the globe. It has been shown that there is an elevated risk for a further shooting nearby within a short time span of a shooting incident, so-called near-repeat patterning. The present study presents new evidence on near-repeat patterning in Sweden, with a focus on neighbourhoods which the police have labelled as ‘vulnerable’ – deprived neighbourhoods where criminal networks have a large impact on local communities. Such neighbourhoods tend to have open drug markets, and to have high levels of gun violence. The present paper analyses the association of open drug markets and vulnerable neighbourhoods with gun violence and near-repeat patterning of gun violence in two Swedish cities. Our findings suggest that gun violence is strongly concentrated on open drug markets in vulnerable neighbourhoods, and that those locations in addition exhibit high risks for repeat shootings after an initial shooting event. We propose that the police can use this knowledge to improve practices to prevent or disrupt gun violence.
C‐CNNLoc: Constrained CNN for robust indoor localization with building boundary

To enable accurate and reliable indoor localization in a multi-building environment, a novel constrained convolutional neural network (CNN)- based indoor localization system (C-CNNLoc) is proposed using WiFi ﬁngerprinting approach. The proposed network has a sequential structure that ﬁrstly classiﬁes a building, followed by estimating the user’s location coordinate within the pre-detected building. Furthermore, the location accuracy is improved by introducing a new loss function that incorporates a penalty term associated with the building boundary. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method outperforms the existing solutions on the average distance error. The gain comes from that the approach tailored to a multi-building indoor localization with the sequential structure is prone to successfully correct outliers, that is, predicted location coordinates that lie outside the buildings.
You can’t always get what you want: mechanisms and consequences of intra-organizational job change among middle managers in Sweden

Abstract An intra-organizational change process involving all middle managers was studied in a public sector organization in Sweden over three time points, spanning two years in total. Using sensemaking and the person-environmental fit literature as well studies on promotion and demotion, hypotheses about the effects of managerial status loss and being offered a non-preferred role (non-preference) on change reactions (job satisfaction, turnover intentions, mental health) are made. Data from 140 middle managers was analyzed with path models, where two process factors (perceived organizational support during the change, procedural justice of the change) and two job characteristics (job demand, job control) were tested simultaneously as mediators. Results revealed that managerial status loss had negative effects on work attitudes but mental health was positively affected over time through decreased job demands. Non-preference had negative consequences for all outcome variables and these effects were mediated through lower procedural justice of the change, lower job control, and for some outcomes, lower perceived organizational support during the change. The results provide insight into how middle managers react to change, and suggest that process justice and job characteristics play an important part in shaping these reactions.
Increasing Self-Efficacy in Mentoring Relationships for Aspiring Entrepreneurs in Community Colleges

ABSTRACT Community colleges and universities increasingly offer entrepreneurial training to reach a larger portion of underrepresented students. This paper offers insights into what techniques mentors should employ to increase entrepreneurial self-efficacy among their mentees, particularly for diverse community college students. Using a five-week, social entrepreneurship training program at community colleges in the United States Southwest, this paper utilizes semi-structured interviews to understand the challenges and techniques that are associated with increasing mentees’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Findings suggest that time and resources are the major constraints cited by both students and mentors. However, when mentors utilize storytelling, active listening, and open communication, they can further increase their mentees’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy. These insights offer a valuable in-depth qualitative understanding of mentoring approaches that similar programs can integrate into their curricula.
Influence of Ga back grading on voltage loss in low‐temperature co‐evaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells

The performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells is limited by the presence of the highly recombinative CIGS/Mo interface. The recombination at the CIGS/Mo interface is influential for the open circuit voltage (VOC) in high quality CIGS absorbers with increased charge carriers diffusion length. A quantitative understanding of the role of the Ga back grading height (ΔGGI) in suppressing back interface recombination is needed. In this work, we take advantage of a low temperature process to modify the ΔGGI while keeping the composition in the notch and front regions almost unchanged. Improvement in both VOC deficit and time‐resolved photoluminescence lifetime are observed with increasing ΔGGI. With a combination of back surface modification experiments and numerical simulations, we quantify a voltage loss in ungraded devices of approximately 100 mV solely from the back interface recombination. Nice agreement between simulation and experimental data is reached while constraining the values of possible diffusion lengths. Our results suggest that a ΔGGI of about 0.50 is required to effectively suppress the back interface recombination, highlighting the importance of grading control in high‐performance CIGS solar cells and devices.
The Dark Side of Managing for the Long Run: Examining When Family Firms Create Value

Family firms take a substantial fraction of economic activities and significantly influence a nation’s economic sustainability. Despite the considerable amount of research efforts to determine their performance implications, there is still a lack of consensus. This study aims to address this dissensus in two ways. Theory-wise, we introduce two interdependent contingencies that interactively determine the relative strength of positive and negative effects of family involvement: inside chief executive officers (CEOs) and business fluctuations. Method-wise, we employ an advanced econometric technique, the system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, to control for endogeneity. Using panel data of Korean family firms listed on the Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) stock market during the periods between 2013 and 2016, we find (1) that family firms underperform non-family firms, (2) that the negative effect of family involvement decreases under the management of inside CEOs, and (3) that this positive moderation effect of inside CEOs decreases in the face of business fluctuations. This study furthers our understanding of how the family influences firm performance and, eventually, economic sustainability.
Benchmarking Machine Learning Models to Assist in the Prognosis of Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infectious disease caused by organisms in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) complex. In many low and middle-income countries, TB remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Once a patient has been diagnosed with TB, it is critical that healthcare workers make the most appropriate treatment decision given the individual conditions of the patient and the likely course of the disease based on medical experience. Depending on the prognosis, delayed or inappropriate treatment can result in unsatisfactory results including the exacerbation of clinical symptoms, poor quality of life, and increased risk of death. This work benchmarks machine learning models to aid TB prognosis using a Brazilian health database of confirmed cases and deaths related to TB in the State of Amazonas. The goal is to predict the probability of death by TB thus aiding the prognosis of TB and associated treatment decision making process. In its original form, the data set comprised 36,228 records and 130 fields but suffered from missing, incomplete, or incorrect data. Following data cleaning and preprocessing, a revised data set was generated comprising 24,015 records and 38 fields, including 22,876 reported cured TB patients and 1139 deaths by TB. To explore how the data imbalance impacts model performance, two controlled experiments were designed using (1) imbalanced and (2) balanced data sets. The best result is achieved by the Gradient Boosting (GB) model using the balanced data set to predict TB-mortality, and the ensemble model composed by the Random Forest (RF), GB and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) models is the best model to predict the cure class.
Classifying multiple ethnic identifications: Methodological effects on child, adolescent, and adult ethnic distributions

BACKGROUND The burgeoning global multi-ethnic population, in conjunction with the importance of accurate ethnic group counts for research and policy purposes, make classification of multiple ethnic responses a complex but important issue. There are numerous possible classification approaches, differing in ethical implications and ease of statistical application. OBJECTIVE This study empirically examines the validity and consistency of three comparatively accessible ethnic classification methods (total response, administrative-prioritisation, and self-prioritisation) in increasingly ethnically diverse age cohorts (adults, adolescents, and children). METHOD We utilised secondary data from two large-scale studies in Aotearoa/New Zealand which asked children (N = 6,149; responded via mother proxy), adolescents (N = 8,464), and adults (N = 11,210) to select (1) all the ethnicities they identified with, and (2) their main 1 Faculty of Education and Social Work, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. Email: e.yao@auckland.ac. nz. 2 Faculty of Education and Social Work, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. 3 National Institute of Demographic and Economic Analysis, The University of Waikato, New Zealand. 4 School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. 5 Centre for Longitudinal Research, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. Yao et al.: Classifying multiple ethnic identifications 482 https://www.demographic-research.org ethnicity. The data were coded, then analysed using descriptive statistics and z-tests for proportional differences. RESULTS The majority of multi-ethnic participants were able to select a main ethnic group when required, but around 20% could not or refused to do so, and there was over 60% discrepancy between self-prioritised ethnicity and administrative-prioritised ethnicity. Differences by age group and ethnic combination were apparent. Comparison of overall ethnic group proportions outputted by the three classification methods revealed withingroup variation, particularly where there were higher rates of multi-ethnic identification. CONTRIBUTION This study empirically demonstrates that researchers’ choice of ethnic classification method can have a strong influence on ethnic group proportions. Researchers should therefore select the classification method most appropriate for their research question and clearly report the method employed.
Development of mathematical model for prediction of concentration in the pyrolysis of biomass material

In this paper, a mathematical model has been developed for prediction of concentration profiles of biomass under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. In this model, char and volatiles are considered to have been formed in an intermediate stage instead of utilizing the concept of an intermediate. Concentration profiles and pyrolysis behaviour have been predicted over a wide range of temperature under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions.
PERCEPTION OF SPORT SCIENCE UNDERGRADUATES ON THE JIGSAW LEARNING METHOD

Recognising the potential of Jigsaw Learning Method (JLM) and limited research around its uses in higher education, this case study sought to explore the perceptions of sport science students’ on learning using the JLM. A total of 36 undergraduate students enrolling in the Sport and Exercise Psychology Course participated in this study. They were divided into groups and participated in JLM using a 2-hour lecture on ‘addictive and unhealthy behaviours’ with JLM materials uploaded into the Google Classroom. At the end of the JLM session, a reflective essay was carried out to find out students’ learning experience. The analysis of the perceptions of the students on JLM revealed two main themes which were ‘learning experience of JLM’ and ‘perceptions of their own and others’ abilities’. JLM is perceived as an effective learning strategy but students were concerned on the issue of deliverable content and accuracy of the team members’ responses. In this study, with its limitation, JLM proved that classroom learning could be educational and enriching.
Tobacco Smoking and the Association With First Incidence of Mood, Anxiety, and Substance Use Disorders: A 3-Year Prospective Population-Based Study

There is consistent evidence from cross-sectional studies that smoking is positively associated with mental disorders. The research on the prospective association, however, is inconsistent. In the present study, we aimed to further increase the knowledge of this association by addressing several issues in the body of research. Data used were from a nationally representative, population-based cohort study among 18- to 64-year-olds at baseline. Compared with nonsmokers, smokers at baseline were significantly more likely to experience first incidence of any mood, anxiety, or substance use disorder at 3-year follow-up while controlling for a wide range of confounding factors. The association with incident mood and anxiety disorders was particularly high among heavy smokers. The dose-effect analyses on later substance use disorders showed unclear results, warranting further research. Additional analyses showed that results at 6-year follow-up were very similar, except for a weaker relationship between smoking and substance use disorders.
Analgesic Interaction Between Morphine with Fentanyl In Experimental Murine Pain

Opioids are among the most effective pain relievers available, however multimodal antinociception between opioids, has not been extensively studied in diverse animal pain models.In this study the pharmacological interaction of morphine with fentanyl was evaluated in different murine pain models by means of isobolographic analysis. In control animals, morphine and fentanyl produced a dose-related antinociceptive action in the murine assays and the rank of potency was: formalin hind paw phase I > formalin phase II > tail flick. Coadministration of morphine with fentanyl, in a fixed relation 1:1 of their ED50, produces a dose response in all tests and the isobologram resulted in synergism. Fentanyl was more effective than morphine which could be explained according the suggestion that opioids could be acting through other targets, with different binding capacity thru the regulation or activation of non-opioid receptors. Co-administration of morphine with fentanyl induces synergism in all murine trials, confirming the antinociceptive capacity of both opioids which would constitute a promisory idea to multimodal treatment of pain.
Skills on the move: Highly skilled migrants in Switzerland and beyond

This article explores how highly skilled migrants make sense of and subjectively validate their skills when in search of employment in a new country. Using a transnational perspective, we suggest that in the context of migration, skills can only be properly understood if we consider the multiple locations and events in people’s life trajectories. In addition to foregrounding the spatial context, we also explore skills through a temporal perspective. The country of origin, previous countries of migration, receiving context and future destinations, as well as past experiences and future plans can all play a role in the way individuals make sense of and subjectively validate what migrants themselves consider to be their skills. Drawing upon qualitative research among highly skilled migrants in Switzerland, we examine how personal and professional skills intertwine with each other when people engage with a given yet evolving socioeconomic environment.
A context‐driven approach on coping with COVID‐19: From hiding knowledge toward citizen engagement

The current study sets out to investigate the relationships among three interconnected dimensions, that is hiding knowledge by the Government, the realized absorptive capacity (RACAP) and citizen engagement, giving way to a context‐driven approach. Emphasis is laid on the effects engendered by the lack of official information transparency in the critical context of COVID‐19 outbreak at the global level, through the lens of the Spanish example. The relationships among the variables are analyzed by means of an empirical study conducted with 151 Spanish subjects with a view to identify whether the impact of knowledge hiding by the Government on citizen engagement can be mitigated and to acknowledge how the presence of RACAP impacts citizens in limiting the spread of COVID‐19 information disorders.
Concentric rings as frequency‐selective surfaces on isotropic chiral slabs

Periodic structures or frequency‐selective surfaces (FSSs), such as arrays of rings printed on a dielectric substrate, have reflection and transmission properties which change with frequency. In this study, the arrays of two concentric conducting rings printed on an isotropic chiral slab are investigated and their transmission/reflection characteristics are presented. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 79–83, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21267
Domain spillover and job stress: An exploratory study among Nigerian Prison Staff

ABSTRACT Prison work is inherently demanding, stressful, and frustrating. The literature supports that work-family conflict (including time-, strain-, behaviour-, and family-based conflict) occurs among prison staff. The psychological strains emanating from these conflicts affect not only staff members’ work performance, but also their relationships with family and friends. This study sought to fill gaps in the literature in both practical and theoretical ways by exploring the effects of work-family conflict among 120 Nigerian prison staff. Multivariate regression analysis of survey data indicated that strain- and behaviour-based conflict showed significant, positive effects on job stress; however, time- and family-based conflict did not. Overall, the findings of the current study generally support the assertion that work-family conflict is a job stressor associated with prison staff stress and that strain- and behaviour-based conflict are stressors linked to higher job stress among staff in different nations.