Anthropometric profile, physical fitness and differences between performance level of Parkour practitioners

espanolIntroduccion: Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron determinar el perfil antropometrico y condicion fisica de los practicantes de Parkour y establecer diferencias en funcion del nivel de rendimiento. Metodo: Trece practicantes de Parkour participaron en este estudio. Se valoro la agilidad, extensibilidad isquiosural, distancia de salto horizontal, altura de salto vertical, potencia de salto vertical, estimacion del consumo de oxigeno maximo, composicion corporal y somatotipo con un bateria de seis test. Se llevo a cabo, ademas, un test especifico que simulaba una situacion de competicion para establecer los dos grupos (A: mayor rendimiento; B: menor rendimiento) en funcion de los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: Los grupos A y B obtuvieron, respectivamente, un somatotipo de 1,7-5,3-2,5 y 2,2-4,2-2,8; 7,50 ± 0,52 y 8,67 ± 2,13% en porcentaje de masa grasa; 47,44 ± 2,03 y 45,91 ± 2,68% en masa muscular esqueletica; 12,47 ± 0,70 y 12,53 ± 1,21% en masa osea; 72,80 ± 11,01 y 55,19 ± 6,06 ml•Kg-1•min-1 en consumo maximo de oxigeno estimado; 14,36 ± 0,47 y 15,29 ± 0,44 s en el test de Illinois (agilidad); 13,77 ± 5,20 y 7,86 ± 12,70 cm en sit and reach; 50,09 ± 3,47 y 37,19 ± 4,82 cm en altura de salto vertical; 2.820,84 ± 453,72 y 2.105,84 ± 237,24 W en potencia de salto vertical y 2,97 ± 0,71 y 2,60 ± 0,22 m en distancia de salto horizontal. Comparando ambos grupos, el A obtuvo valores significativamente inferiores en ectomorfia y superiores en mesomorfia, estimacion del consumo maximo de oxigeno, agilidad, distancia de salto horizontal, potencia y altura de salto vertical. Conclusiones: Tras determinar el perfil antropometrico y condicion fisica, observamos que el salto vertical se presento como el parametro mas importante en el rendimiento en Parkour, ademas de otras variables como el consumo maximo de oxigeno, la potencia de salto vertical, la distancia de salto horizontal, la mesomorfia y la ectomorfia. EnglishIntroduction: The aims of this study were to determinate the anthropometric profile and physical fitness of Parkour practitioners and to establish differences by performance level. Method: Thirteen Parkour practitioners participated on this study. Agility, hamstring extensibility, horizontal jump distance, vertical jump height, vertical jump power, estimation of maximal oxygen consumption, body composition and somatotype were assessed with a battery of six tests. Also, a specific test which simulated a competition situation was performed in order to establish two groups (A: high performance; B: low performance) by the obtained score. Results: Groups A and B obtained respectively 1.7-5.3-2.5 and 2.2-4.2-2.8 on somatotype; 7.50 ± 0.52 and 8.67 ± 2.13% on fat mass; 47.44 ± 2.03 and 45.91 ± 2.68% on skeletal muscle mass; 12.47 ± 0.70 and 12.53 ± 1.21% on bone mass; 72.80 ± 11.01 and 55.19 ± 6.06 ml•Kg-1•min-1 on estimated oxygen consumption; 14.36 ± 0.47 and 15.29 ± 0.44 s on Illinois test (agility); 13.77 ± 5.20 and 7.86 ± 12.70 cm on sit and reach test; 50.09 ± 3.47 and 37.19 ± 4.82 cm on vertical jump height; 2820.84 ± 453.72 and 2105.84 ± 237.24 W on vertical jump power and 2.97 ± 0.71 and 2.60 ± 0.22 m on horizontal jump distance. Group A obtained significant lower values on ectomorphy and higher on mesomorphy, estimated oxygen consumption, agility, horizontal jump distance and vertical jump height and power. Conclusions: After determining anthropometrical profile and physical fitness, we observe that vertical jump seems to be the most important parameter on Parkour performance, also other variables like estimated maximal oxygen consumption, agility, vertical jump power, horizontal jump distance, mesomorphy and ectomorphy appear as possibly determinant factors on Parkour performance.