Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serving the Public Interest in Several Ways: Theory and Empirics

We develop a model where people differ in their altruistic preferences and can serve the public interest in two ways: by making donations to charity and by taking a public service job and exerting effort on the job. Our theory predicts that people who are more altruistic are more likely to take a public service job and, for a given job, make higher donations to charity. Comparing equally altruistic workers, those with a regular job make higher donations to charity than those with a public service job by a simple substitution argument. We subsequently test these predictions using cross-sectional data from Germany on self-reported altruism, sector of employment, and donations to charity. In addition, we use panel data from the Netherlands on volunteering and sector of employment. We find support for most of our predictions.
Trade Liberalization in Peru: Adjustment Costs Amidst High Labor Mobility

While trade integration has been an engine of global growth and prosperity some sectors have been negatively affected by increased imports competition, as expected in theory. Higher labor mobility could lower these adjustment costs. This paper measures the cost of trade integration in a context of high internal migration. Specifically, we focus on the 2004- 14 period of trade liberalization in Peru (a major beneficiary of trade integration). Despite significant migration in response to lower tariffs, we find a significant negative relation between tariff reduction and socioeconomic indicators of imports-competing districts. This underscores the need for policy action to support the â€œlosers from trade liberalizationâ€ .
‘Sleep-Walking Towards Segregation’? The Changing Ethnic Composition of English Schools, 1997-2003 – an Entry Cohort Analysis

There has been considerable public debate recently in England regarding levels of segregation (and changes in those levels) not only by neighbourhood but also in schools. Little data are available to evaluate claims that such segregation has been increasing in the country’s schools. This paper uses a data set released by the Department for Education and Skills which indicates the ethnic identity for every student in the entry cohorts for all English primary and secondary schools between 1997-8 (for primary and secondary schools respectively) and 2003. Analysis indicates that there has been some increase in segregation levels in some cities, but only to the expected extent given the changing relative size of the ethnic minority populations there. Segregation is relatively high there, but has only increased if the minority groups’ share of the entry cohorts has been increasing.
ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF FINITE VOLUMEMETHODS FOR COMPUTATIONAL SOLID MECHANICS

Since its initial development as a tool for structural analysis around the mid-fifties the Finite Element Method (FEM) has evolved to become the most popular and used method in modern Computational Solid Mechanics. On the other hand, the Finite Volume Method (FVM) born almost at the same time, has evolved too and become one of the most popular methods in the area of Computational Fluid Mechanics. Both methods have surpassed the historical finite differences method and other discretization methods, and nowadays, researchers typically use one or the other to obtain numerical simulations of all types of physical phenomena. However, although FEM is at present being actively used to solve the equations of compressible and incompressible flows, there are not many works about the usage of FVM in solving the equations of solid materials. The physical flavor, the conservation properties and some properties of reduced integration of the FVM, are advantages that could be very useful in the context of Computational Solid Mechanics as they are in the context of Computational Fluid Mechanics (CFD). In the present work we show our first results in our attempt to develop a Finite Volume Method for Non-linear Solid Mechanics.
INFLUENCE OF AVIAN MALARIA INFECTIONS ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN A MIGRATORY SONGBIRD

Bird plumage is thought to serve many functions beyond warmth and protection. Ornithologists have proposed that feather color and quality facilitate communication among different members of a species by advertising an individual’s condition and health. Understanding how a bird’s plumage reflects its underlying health status can not only help us evaluate how avian communication functions, but can also open the door to assessing in a non-intrusive way the condition of a bird population. To test the relationship between health, nutrition and plumage, I investigated a population of White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. These birds live in a cold, foodlimited environment and are infected by multiple species of vector-transmitted avian malaria. I used a combination of long-term observational data and short-term experimental field manipulations (food supplementation and antimalarial drug administration) to test if plumage traits would be reduced as a result of avian malaria infection, and if the benefits of food supplementation and antimalarial drugs would be reflected in increased plumage traits. I found that bird plumage traits (head crown whiteness, tail and wing length) reflect the status of a bird in several unexpected ways. The relationship between malaria infection and plumage characteristics varied based on a bird’s sex, the parasite species it was infected with, and the size of the parasite population in the blood. Whereas the most virulent pathogens do indeed diminish a bird’s plumage quality, other less pathogenic species appear to have the opposite effect -in this case, plumage quality actually advertises a bird’s ability to survive with infection. I also found that food supplementation that consists mostly of enhancing caloric intake rather than nutrients does not appear to affect plumage traits.
Environments of Long‐Lived Mesoscale Convective Systems Over the Central United States in Convection Permitting Climate Simulations

Continental‐scale convection‐permitting simulations of the warm seasons of 2011 and 2012 using the Weather Research and Forecasting model reproduce realistic structure and frequency distribution of lifetime and event mean precipitation of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over the central United States. Analysis is performed to determine the environmental conditions conducive to generating long‐lived MCSs. The simulations show that MCSs systematically form over the central Great Plains ahead of a trough in the westerlies in combination with an enhanced low‐level moist jet from the Gulf of Mexico. These environmental properties at the time of storm initiation are most prominent for the MCSs that persist for the longest times. MCSs reaching lifetimes of 9 h or more occur closer to the approaching trough than shorter‐lived MCSs. These long‐lived MCSs exhibit the strongest feedback to the environment through diabatic heating in the trailing regions of the MCSs. The feedback strengthens the synoptic‐scale trough associated with the MCS by producing an anomaly circulation characterized by a divergent perturbation at high levels over the MCS and a midlevel cyclonic circulation perturbation near the trough line in association with the trailing portion of the MCS. The quasi‐balanced mesoscale vortex may help to maintain the MCS over a long period of time by feeding dry, cool air into the environment at the rear of the MCS region that enhances evaporative cooling and helps maintain the MCS.
College Student Reporting Responses to Hypothetical and Actual Safety Concerns

ABSTRACT Campus violence prevention often includes proactively reducing crime through noticing and resolving concerning situations. Within these efforts, interventions aimed at enhancing reporting have been considered necessary. The current study explored several reporting influences on college students’ responses to hypothetical and actual campus safety concerns. Students were unwilling to report most (i.e., 52%) vignettes of pathway behavior, and most students who witnessed campus safety concerns did not report (i.e., 87%). Students who witnessed several concerning behaviors from a nonfriend perpetrator tended to be more willing to report, especially if personally victimized and understanding the violence risk associated with pathway behavior. Analyses supported campus-wide exhibitions of the dangerousness of various pathway behaviors and the fair, flexible authority problem solving available to struggling students.
BEAM DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF THE 1 . 5 MEV PROTON BEAM MEASURED AT THE SARAF RFQ EXIT

The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF) beam dynamics simulations are compared to the first beam measurements taken during commissioning. Beam transmission, ion energy and bunch width as functions of the RFQ power have been measured. The simulations and measurements show similar trends. The simulation covers the beam tail as well and is used to find the optimal operating voltage by minimizing the low energy tail and beam loss downstream the accelerator. INTRODUCTION The SARAF linac [1] front-end is composed of a 20 keV/u protons and deuterons ECR ion source, a 5 mA low energy beam transport (LEBT) [2] and a 1.5 MeV/u, 4 mA, 176 MHz, 4-rod RFQ [3] (Fig.1).
P o S ( G R B 2 0 1 2 ) 1 4 2 The Redshift Distribution of the TOUGH Survey

P. Jakobsson, a J. Hjorth, b D. Malesani, b R. Chapman, ac J. P. U. Fynbo, b N. R. Tanvir, d B. Milvang-Jensen b and T. Krühler b aCentre for Astrophysics and Cosmology, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 5, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland bDark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of C penhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark cCentre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfords hire, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, UK dDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicest er, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
Extending and Evaluating a Multiplicative Model for Semantic Composition in a Distributional Semantic Model

This paper addresses a multiplicative model for semantic composition in a distributional semantic model. This paper proposes new composition algorithms using a multiplicative model by two approaches: to extend a multiplicative model by averaging or weighting and to modify context-sensitive additive models such as Kintsch’s (2001) predication by replacing vector addition with vector multiplication. In addition, this paper examines conditions for the superiority of the multiplicative models found in previous research by comparing two semantic spaces constructed by latent semantic analysis (LSA) and positive pointwise mutual information (PPMI) in terms of the representational ability of composition algorithms. The experiment using noun compounds demonstrated that the multiplicative model performed better than the additive model only in the PPMI-based space, suggesting that component-wise multiplication works effectively in a semantic space whose dimensions represent distinctive features. Some multiplicative modifications of additive algorithms also improved the performance in the PPMI-based space, but did not in the LSA-based space. Interestingly, however, the extension of the multiplicative model by weighting was effective in improvement of the performance in the LSA-based spaces, although the extensions of the multiplicative model were not effective in the PPMIbased space.
The Influence of Critical Factors on Business Model at a Smart Factory: A Case Study

Abstract Background: The crucial elements of a smart factory, employees, machines, and products, have an important effect on current business models. Objectives: The main aim of our study is to present a case study of the impact of Industry 4.0 on the business model in a smart factory. The paper discusses the changes of business models of the organisation and determines critical factors that influence the business models in a knowledge society. Methods/Approach: Our sample included managers, from the company TPV, who are in charge of implementing a digital business model, and who are the most knowledgeable informants on the topic of our study. Data was obtained from, most widely used method for data collection in qualitative research, semi-structured interviews with managers. Content analysis was conducted for the purpose of our study. Results: Results of our study show that the major change will be that machines will have a “mind” of their own, whose main goal will be to work in production, and the role of employees will be primarily in expressing their creativity, carrying out urgent interventions and performing custody of processes. The key critical factors influencing business models in a smart factory are top management and leadership orientations, motivation of employees, collective wisdom, creativity and innovations. Conclusions: The study represents useful guidelines for strategic management of innovative companies in the earliest stages of the process of decision-making process.
In-situ X-ray Video Microscopy Studies of Al-Si Eutectic Solidification

In-situ studies of Al-Si eutectic growth has been carried out for the first time by X-ray video microscopy during directional solidification of Al-Si-Cu alloys with and without Sr-addtions. The unmodified eutectics showed distinctive non-isothermal growth dynamics, where Si-crystals attained needle-like tip morphologies and progressed under significantly higher undercooling than Al, leading to formation of an irregular eutectic with Si as the leading phase and subsequent nucleation of Al on the Si-surfaces. In the Sr-modified alloys, the eutectic reaction was found to be strongly suppressed, occurring with low nucleation frequencies at undercoolings in the range 10-18 K. In the Cu-enriched melt, the eutectic front was found to attain meso-scale interface perturbations evolving into equiaxed cellular rosettes in order to accommodate to the long-range redistribution of Cu from the composite eutectic interface. The eutectic front also attained short-range microscale interface perturbations consistent with characteristics of a fibrous Si growth, however further improvements in spatial resolution is required in order to study microscale structure formation in greater detail. Evidence was found in support of Si-nucleation occurring on potent particles suspended in the melt. Yet, both with Sr- modified and unmodified alloys, Si precipitation alone was not sufficient to facilitate the eutectic reaction, which apparently required additional undercooling for Al to form on the Si-particles. To what extent nucleation mechanisms in the Cu-enriched systems are transferable to binary or commercial Al-Si alloys remains uncertain.
Introduction to the Issue

This issue of the Journal of Wine Economics opens with “Brettanomics I: The Cost of Brettanomyces in California Wine Production” by Julian Alston, Torey Arvik, Jarrett Hart, and James Lapsley (Alston et al., 2021). The authors explore the various costs induced by the yeast Brettanomyces bruxellensis, short Brett, on red wine. While some winemakers and consumers may tolerate (and may even like) low levels of Brett, it is generally deemed a quality defect, in particular in premium wines.
Myths and facts about the alleged overpricing of U . S . real estate . Evidence from multi-factor asset pricing models of REIT returns Working Paper

This paper uses a multi-factor pricing model with time-varying risk exposures and premia to examine whether the 2003-2006 period has been characterized, as often claimed by a number of commentators and policymakers, by a substantial missprcing of publicly traded real estate assets (REITs). The estimation approach relies on Bayesian methods to model the latent process followed by risk exposures and idiosynchratic volatility. Our application to monthly, 1979-2009 U.S. data for stock, bond, and REIT returns shows that both market and real consumption growth risks are priced throughout the sample by the cross-section of asset returns. There is weak evidence at best of structural misspricing of REIT valuations during the 2003-2006 sample.
Stationary gravitational solitons with axial symmetry

In a previous paper we have shown1 that in the case in which the metric tensor depends on only two variables the gravitational equations form a system which i s integrable by the method of the inverse scattering problem. The case was examined in which one of the variables is the time and the other i s spacelike; this corresponds to cosmological and wave solutions of the equations of gravitation. It was pointed out that there i s no difficulty in applying this method also to the case in which both the variables on which the metric tensor depends a re spacelike, which corresponds to stationary gravitational fields. One possible interpretation of this case i s that of a stationary gravitational field with axial symmetry. This class of solutions is important in the theory of gravitation, since it has a clear physical meaning. In this connection it is interesting to consider the case of axially symmetric stationary fields separately and to find the construction of the corresponding soliton solutions and their physical meaning. This i s the purpose of the present paper. We shall also use this case a s an example to carry to completion theprocedure which we described earlier' for constructing exact soliton solutions, and deal with one important point which was left there incomplete. We shall explain the essence of the question, f i rs t introducing the metric and the corresponding Einstein equations.
Counteracting Unemployment in Crises: Non-Linear Effects of Short-Time Work Policy

Short-time work is a labor market policy that subsidizes working time reductions among firms in financial difficulty to prevent layoffs. Many OECD countries have used this policy in the Great Recession. This paper shows that the effects of short-time work are strongly time dependent and non-linear over the business cycle. It may save up to 0.8 jobs per short-time worker in deep economic crises. The policy becomes more efficient as the recession deepens. In expansions, the effects are smaller and may turn negative. We disentangle discretionary short-time work from automatic stabilization in German data using smooth transition VARs.
Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Validity and Reliability of the Parent Diabetes Distress Scale

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish translation of the Parent Diabetes Distress Scale (PDDS). Methods: The PDDS is a 5-point Likert-type scale with 20 items. After obtaining permission from the scale developers, the study commenced. First, a systematic adaptation of the scale into the Turkish language was performed including translation, expert panel review, back translation, and pilot study. Test-retest was applied to 35 participants. After these procedures, data collection was undertaken using the adapted PDDS and a demographic data collection form. The collected data were analyzed for reliability, including stability of the scale with test-retest and internal consistency of the scale (Cronbach’s α), and validity including construct validity of the scale with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: The parents of 210 teenagers, aged >11 and <18 years, who had been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus for at least one year were included. Of these parents, 71.9% (n=151) were mothers and 53.3% (n=112) of the children were girls. The Cronbach’s α value was 0.906. The results of the CFA were χ2/df=4.406, p<0.001, comparative fit test 0.704, and goodness of fit tests 0.749. The mean total PDDS score was 2.2±0.7. These results indicate that scores of 1.6 points or less was evaluated as “little or no distress” 1.7-2.4 as “moderate distress,” and >2.4 points as “high distress”. This showed that the majority of the parents in the study experienced moderate or severe diabetes-related distress. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the PDDS fulfilled the validity and reliability tests at an acceptable level.
Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence.

INTRODUCTION The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), modified from Fagerström Tolerance Questionnairre (FTQ), is used to determine whether a smoker trying to quit will need nicotine replacement therapy to treat with drawal symptoms. The FTND has been translated into many languages and has been referred to in the smoking literature worldwide. However, only a few studies have examined the psychometric propertiesof the non-English FTND versions. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the FTND. MATERIALS AND METHODS Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the factor structure of the Turkish version of the questionnaire using a large sample from two smoking cessation clinics in Istanbul, Turkey. Our study comprised 502 smokers who entered one of these smoking cessation clinics between October 1 and December 31, 2011. All subjects gave informed consent to the study. We assessed the validity of the FTND using CFA, and we calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficients to determine reliability. RESULT One-factor CFA included all of the items on the FTND. All items loaded on this factor with a score of 0.40 or higher. The goodness of fit statistics were adequate, with a Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of 0.922, a Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) of 0.902, and a root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.081. Two-factor CFA comprised the three "morning smoking" items, and the three "smoking pattern" items. The factor loadings and the goodness-of-fit statistics confirmed that the FTND has a two-factor structure. CONCLUSIONS Analyses confirmed that the Turkish version of the FTND has a two-factor structure with moderate reliability. This study found that using a total score as an estimate of nicotine dependence may limit the assessment of specific smoking dependency and tailoring intervention approaches. We suggest that a two-factor FTND in clinical practice would more accurately determine the nicotine dependence of patients.
The relative importance of parental numerical opportunities, prerequisite knowledge and parent involvement as predictors for early math achievement in young children

Corresponding author: Annemie Desoete, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium. E-mail: annemie.desoete@UGent.be Citation: Ceulemans, A. , Baten, E. , Loeys, T. , Hoppenbrouwers, K. , Titeca, D. , Rousseau, S. , & Desoete, A. (2017). The Relative Importance of Parental Numerical Opportunities, Prerequisite Knowledge and Parent Involvement as Predictors for Early Math Achievement in Young Children. Interdisciplinary Education and Psychology, 1(1):6. Open Access Interdisciplinary Education and Psychology
Strategic Uncertainty in an Experimental Asset Market

To what extent is the observed mis-pricing in experimental asset markets caused by strategic uncertainty (SU) and by individual bounded rationality (IBR)? We address this question by comparing subjects initial price forecasts in two market environments – one with six human traders, and the other with one human and five computer traders. We find that both SU and IBR account equally for the median initial forecasts deviation from the fundamental values. The effect of SU is greater for subjects with a perfect score in the Cognitive Reflection Test, and it is not significant for those with low scores.