Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Translating Burkitt’s Lymphoma Research into Viable Solutions for Developing Countries

50 to 70% of all newly diagnosed childhood cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa are due to Endemic Burkitt’s lymphoma (eBL). It occurs mainly in malaria holoendemic areas where the climate supports Plasmodium falciparum mosquitoes and causes year-round malarial infection. eBL risk is highest in children with high antibody titers to both Epstein - Barr virus (EBV) and malaria. The peak eBL incidence in children coincides with peak malarial antibody genetic diversity, which occurs around 5 to 9 years of age. The precise mechanisms by which malaria influences the disease, however, are not well understood. eBL disproportionately affects particular tribal groups within malaria holoendemic areas, which suggests a genetic component to the disease. Congruently, there are polymorphisms within the CD36 receptor that cluster in particular tribal groups in similar geographical areas and that could provide candidate genetic markers for eBL screening and prevention. CD36 is a cellular surface receptor found on platelets, red blood cells, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and other cell types. It plays an important role in maintaining general homeostasis or internal cellular balance in organisms. This article reviews what is known about eBL pathogenesis and discusses how research into the role of malarial antibody diversity and CD36 deficiency in eBL risk could lead to viable solutions for eBL prevention in the resource-limited settings that are worst-affected by the disease.
Cyber Security Threats Targeting CPS Systems: A Novel Approach Using Honeypot

—Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are quite prominent for use in industrial, utility, and facility-based processes. While such technology continues to evolve in the context of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), and new paradigms such as the Internet-of-Things (IoT) arise, the threat of such systems remains relatively obscure, especially from the operational cyber security perspective. Various obstacles hinder the cyber security analysis of such systems, including the lack of (malicious) empirical data in addition to numerous logistic, privacy and reputation concerns. In this paper, we draw upon large-scale empirical data that was uniquely captured and analyzed from a recently deployed, Internet-scale CPS-speciﬁc honeynet. The aim is to shed light on misdemeanors and malicious activities targeting such CPS honeypots for threat inference, characterization and attribution. In addition, this aims at (1) collecting rare empirical data targeting such systems for further forensic investigations and sharing with the research community and (2) contributing to generating CPS-tailored empirical attack models to aid in effective CPS resiliency. The results identify and attribute the top sources of such suspicious and unauthorized SCADA activities and highlight a number of targeted threats. Furthermore, we uncover undocumented abuse against CPS services operating in building automation systems as well as factory environments.
The Strategic Equivalence of Games with Unawareness

An equivalence relation is more transparent when complemented by an explicit specification of the set of transformations under which equivalence is preserved. In the case of extensive games equivalent with respect to their strategic normal form, the set of transformations was provided by Thompson (1952). We extend Thompson’s result to the case of games with unawareness (Feinberg (2009))
SHORT COMMUNICATION Chaetognath community and their responses to varying environmental factors in the northern Indian Ocean

The ecology of the chaetognath community and its relation to varying environmental factors were studied in the eastern half of the northern Indian Ocean. Analysis of data from two major oceanographic programmes performed over four decades apart suggests a pronounced shift in the community composition and a poleward migration of chaetognaths. This migration has led to an aggregation in the north, as the Eurasian land mass prevents further movement beyond 308N.
CHANGES IN MCV IN PREGNANCY AND THALASSAEMIA AT MAYO HOSPITAL LAHORE

Objective: The aim of this research is to observe the positive and negative predictive value, specificity and sensitivity of the MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) in minor beta-thalassemia screening among expecting females presented at Mayo hospital Lahore. Methodology: This research was carried out at Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur from January 2017 to December 2017. We interviewed pregnant females through a pre-designed questionnaire about the Gestational Age (GA) and Demographic Profiles. MCV was ≤ 70 fl as assessed on the first antenatal visit. Level of HbA2 was assessed through Hemoglobin (Hb) Electrophoresis in order to identify the minor beta-thalassemia carriers. Outcomes were analyzed on SPSS software. Results: Minor Beta-thalassemia can best be assessed through MCV as among one hundred patients MCV was ≤ 70 fl in fifty-three percent of the females. Specificity and sensitivity were respectively 30% and 79% in the positive MCV assessment (under 70 fl) as observed in the beta-thalassemia screening. Both negative and positive predictive values were respectively reported as 56%. Conclusions: It is reported in the research that specificity and sensitivity were respectively 30% and 79.9% in the positive MCV assessment (under 70 fl) as observed in the beta-thalassemia screening. Both negative and positive predictive values were respectively reported as 56%. Minor Beta-thalassemia can best be assessed through MCV as among one hundred patients MCV was ≤ 70 fl in fifty-three percent of the females. Thalassemia can be prevented through regular MCV screening. All young women can better be assessed through MCV in future in order to determine sub-fertility in the pregnant females.
Pregnancy Effect on Echocardiographic Parameters in Great

Pregnancy is associated with adaptation of the left ventricular (LV) function. Due to differences between breeds in baseline echocardiographic values and specific predispositions for myocardial diseases, breed‐specific echocardiographic parameters may be helpful to evaluate whether the systolic function varies during pregnancy. This study enrolled nine healthy Great Dane bitches with uncomplicated pregnancy. Echocardiographic M‐mode and B‐mode data were collected before ovulation and within 7 days of the predicted parturition term. Evaluated parameters were: LV dimension in diastole (LVd) and systole (LVs), end‐diastolic (EDVI) and end‐ systolic (ESVI) volumes indexed to body surface area (BSA), end‐diastolic (EDV) and end‐systolic (ESV), end‐point‐septal‐separation (EPSS), left atrium to aortic root ratio (LA/Ao), sphericity index (SI), ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO). The ANOVA showed a statistical effect of the age of gestation (p < 0.01) on the increase of diastolic dimensions and functional parameters and on the decrease of systolic dimensions. The CO increase parallels the rise in SV and HR (p < 0.01). No statistical differences were observed for EPSS, LA/Ao, and SI. The changes in cardiac chambers and function are likely to reflect maternal adaptation to allow the fetal development in uncomplicated pregnancy. The present study provides specific echocardiographic values in uncomplicated pregnancy of Great Danes, showing that the systolic function is enhanced and that the increase in preload, observed during gestation, is the likely mechanism.
OP-NDTJ180078 1..8

Background. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is frequent in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). However, there is no consensus on diagnosis or management. We conducted a European survey to explore current practice related to the diagnosis and management of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adult KTRs. Methods. A panel of experts from the European Renal Association–European Dialysis Transplant Association/ Developing Education Science and Care for Renal Transplantation in European States working group and the European Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases designed this cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, self-administered survey. Invitations to participate were emailed to European physicians involved in the care of KTRs. Results. Two hundred and forty-four participants from 138 institutions in 25 countries answered the survey (response rate 30%). Most participants [72% (176/244)] said they always screen for asymptomatic bacteriuria in KTRs. Six per cent (15/ 240) reported never treating asymptomatic bacteriuria with antibiotics. When antimicrobial treatment was used, 24% of the participants (53/224) said they would start with empirical antibiotics. For an episode of asymptomatic bacteriuria caused by a fully susceptible microorganism and despite no contraindications, a majority of participants (121/223) said they would use a fluoroquinolone (n1⁄4 56), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (n1⁄4 38) or oral cephalosporins (n1⁄4 27). Conclusions. Screening for and treating asymptomatic bacteriuria are common in KTRs despite uncertainties around the benefits and harms. In an era of antimicrobial resistance, further studies are needed to address the diagnosis and management of asymptomatic bacteriuria in these patients.
New interpretation of specific sign of Reynolds stress in the boundary layer on a flat plate

The specific sign of Reynolds stress in the boundary layer on a flat plate at zero incidence is newly interpreted in present paper based on the theory of vortex-induced vortex. It avoids some problems appeared in a traditional explanation, on the basis of relationship between mean and fluctuating flows due to the transport of momentum. Through the analysis of local flow field in the immediate neighborhood of wall, the characteristics of Reynolds stress are identified through introducing turbulence-induced small-scale streamwise eddies above the flat plate. The positive Reynolds stress is theoretically verified. And such new interpretation illustrates that the generation of Reynolds stress, as well as fluctuating velocity, is intrinsically independent of the mean flow. But its specific sign would be determined by the mean flow due to the inertial forces. Other features, such as the intensity relationship among three components of fluctuating velocity, are also presented.
Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease

Microbiota within the intestines and the host interact with each other and there by affect the host’s health status, which in turn affects the structure of gut microbiota. With advances in metagenomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics, as well as traditional culturing, the causality and association between gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases have been well studied. Some underlying mechanisms, especially metabolic pathways, include the role of trimethylamine N-oxide in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic heart disease and heart failure and that of short chain fatty acids and their receptors in blood pressure regulation. This review covers advances inresearch of gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, hypertension and heart failure.
C-Reactive Protein Binds to Apoptotic Cells, Protects the Cells from Assembly of the Terminal Complement Components, and Sustains an Antiinflammatory Innate Immune Response: Implications for Systemic Autoimmunity

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a serum protein that is massively induced as part of the innate immune response to infection and tissue injury. As CRP has been detected in damaged tissues and is known to activate complement, we assessed whether apoptotic lymphocytes bound CRP and determined the effect of binding on innate immunity. CRP bound to apoptotic cells in a Ca 2 1 -dependent manner and augmented the classical pathway of complement activation but protected the cells from assembly of the terminal complement components. Furthermore, CRP enhanced opsonization and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages associated with the expression of the antiinflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor b . The antiinflammatory effects of CRP required C1q and factor H and were not effective once cells had become necrotic. These observations demonstrate that CRP and the classical complement components act in concert to promote noninflammatory clearance of apoptotic cells and may help to explain how deficiencies of the classical pathway and certain pentraxins lead to impaired handling of apoptotic cells and increased necrosis with the likelihood of immune response to self.
The Re ective Fostering Programme – improving the wellbeing of children in care through a group intervention for foster carers: a randomised controlled trial: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Nick Midgley (  nicholas.midgley@ucl.ac.uk ) University College London https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6263-5058 Karen Irvine University of Hertfordshire https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4087-3802 Beth Rider University of Hertfordshire Sarah Byford King's College London Antonella Cirasola Anna Freud Centre Poushali Ganguli King's College London Thando Katangwe University of East Anglia Jamie Murdoch University of East Anglia Martin Pond University of East Anglia Benita Pursch Anna Freud Centre Sheila Redfern Anna Freud Centre Zena-Louise Richards UCL: University College London Lee Shepstone University of East Anglia Erika Sims University of East Anglia Caroline Smith Kent County Council Eva Sprecher Anna Freud Centre Ann Marie Swart University of East Anglia Solange Wyatt University of Hertfordshire David Wellsted University of Hertfordshire
Central immunological position of the human blood group O(H) phenotype in the light of Duffy groups.

Blood group A phenotype development is associated with impaired formation of adaptive and innate immunoglobulins due to clonal selection and phenotypic, glycosidic accommodation of plasma proteins. Moreover, it is significantly burdened with an increased risk of developing different types of cancer when compared with blood group O(H), while exerting strong susceptibility to severe infection by Plasmodium falciparum . Although the infection by Plasmodium vivax is the best documented type of malaria, P. falciparum causes the most severe and frequent diseases. In both malaria types, the risk of developing severe disease is molecularly strongly related to phenotype formation, although with reverse outcomes. While the Duffy positive Fy (a+b+) individuals are most susceptible to P. vivax infections, and the human blood group A shows statistically significant susceptibility to severe P. falciparum infection when compared with blood group O(H), and is significantly susceptible to different types of cancer, the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) protein exerts a marked cancer regulating activity. However, aside from the well documented pathomechanism characterizing the P. vivax infections of Duffy positive individuals, the phenotype determining glycotransferase(s) in blood group A, which assumingly affects the levels of anti-A/Tn cross-reactive immunoglobulins, may even initiate the entry of the P. falciparum merozoites into the host's red blood cells (RBC) via the parasite's "serine repeat antigen". The blood group O(H) phenotype most rarely develops severe malaria disease; moreover, it is currently discussed to have a survival advantage of the overall risk of developing cancer, and appears to offer the widest functional flexibility in adaptive and germline-encoded innate immunity. The Duffy Fya allele represents the worldwide most common allele but is burdened with the risk of developing severe P. vivax infections, whereas blood group O(H) is superior in both controlling cancer growth and life-threatening infections by the most frequent Plasmodium species.
Ecological Character Displacement in a Lizard

SYNOPSIS. Two species of subterranean skinks (Typhlosaurus) are sympatric in part of the southern Kalahari Desert. The geographic range of the smaller species (T. gariepensis) is entirely included within that of the larger one (T. lineatus). Snout-vent lengths, head dimensions, proportional head lengths, and prey size of T. lineatus are larger in sympatry than in allopatry. Morphological and dietary evidence support the hypothesis that behavioral and morphological character displacement has occurred in female and immature T. lineatus, which reduces dietary overlap with T. gariepensis. Dietary data for male T. lineatus may be conflicting.
Tarron Khemraj New College of Florida

This paper notes that a high sterilization coefficient plus a de facto pegged exchange rate indicates the existence of dual nominal anchors. The econometric evidence presented shows that several Caribbean economies with fixed exchange rate regimes also possess high sterilization coefficients. Given open capital accounts in the various economies, the paper argues that this finding contravenes the money neutrality thesis, which holds that only one nominal anchor can prevail in the long-term. The paper presents a simple theoretical model to explain this phenomenon. The model combines the liquidity preference of commercial banks with an augmented uncovered interest parity equation.
Adaptation in a Deep Network by Vito

iv Chapter 1. Specific Aims 1 Chapter 2. Background 4 2.1 The visual system is fundamentally organized in a layered structure . 4 2.2 The effects of adaptation can be found in many different types of perception . 4 2.2.1 Retinal light adaptation . 5 2.2.2 Contrast adaptation . 5 2.2.3 The McCollough Effect . 5 2.2.4 The Tilt Aftereffect . 6 2.2.5 The Motion Aftereffect . 6 2.2. 6 Facial features . 6 2.2. 7 Expressions and emotions . 6 2.2. 8 Facial identity . 7 2.3 The mechanisms and functional benefits of adaptation are unknown . 7 2.4 A computational model can be used to formalize the visual system 8 2.5 The Deep Belief Network is the best model of the visual system for this purpose . 9 Chapter 3. Preliminary Data 14 3.1 New implementation of the DBN for experimentation . 14 3.2 Basic adaptation in an RBM . 16 3.3 Multilevel adaptation in a DBN and Sparse DBN: Gabor patches 20 3.3.1 Unadapted network . 24 3.3.2 Adapted network . 27
Seed dormancy in F 1 and F 2 generations of imidazolinone-tolerant oilseed rape at different locations

The introduction of imidazolinone-tolerant oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ; Clearfield ® , CL OSR) meets with skepti-cism on volunteer control. This study examined the disposition to secondary seed dormancy of 15 CL OSR genotypes at two locations in south-west Germany in 2012/ 2013 (trial 1) between sown seed (F 1 ) and harvested seed (F 2 ), and effects of maternal environment on dormancy disposition on CL and non-CL OSR in 12 locations in Germany in 2011/2012 (trial 2). The CL genotypes differed in dormancy from 0 to 95.7% in the F 1 generation and from 3.5 to 77.9% for their corresponding offspring (F 2 ). The dormancy levels of the F 1 generations corre-sponded to that of the F 2 generations. This correlation was higher if seeds derived from flowers which have been isolated in the plastic bags and thus outcrossing has been prevented. Seed lots from individual isolated F 1 plants deviated in dormancy by up to 30% from the mean of all isolated plants of a specific genotype. In trial 2, seeds from low dormancy genotypes tended to respond more strongly to maternal environment than high dormancy genotypes did. Precipitation during the period of ripening was positively correlated with dormancy (R = 0.78). Overall, breeders can use the dormancy values of the F 1 generation to assess the potential of dormancy in their offspring, which are those seeds that are relevant for causing volunteers if several other external conditions are fitting.
AFLUID June 47/6

Vallon, V. , A. S. Verkman, and J. Schnermann. Luminal hypotonicity in proximal tubules of aquaporin-1-knockout mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 278: F1030–F1033, 2000. —To examine the role of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in nearisosmolar fluid reabsorption in the proximal tubule, we compared osmolalities in micropuncture samples of late proximal tubular fluid and plasma in wild-type (1/1) and AQP1-knockout (2/2) mice. Compared with matched wildtype mice, the 2/2 animals produce a relatively hypotonic urine (607 6 42 vs. 1,856 6 101 mosmol/kgH2O) and have a higher plasma osmolality under micropuncture conditions (346 6 11 vs. 318 6 5 mosmol/kgH2O; P , 0.05). Measurements of tubular fluid osmolality were done in three groups of mice, 1/1, 2/2, and hydrated 2/2 mice in which plasma osmolality was reduced to 323 6 1 mosmol/kgH2O. Late proximal tubular fluid osmolalities were 309 6 5 (1/1, n 5 21), 309 6 4 (2/2, n 5 24), and 284 6 3 mosmol/kgH2O (hydrated 2/2, n 5 19). Tubular fluid chloride concentration averaged 152 6 1 (1/1), 154 6 1 (2/2), and 140 6 1 mM (hydrated 2/2). Transtubular osmotic gradients in untreated and hydrated AQP1 2/2 mice were 39 6 4 (n 5 25) and 39 6 3 mosmol/kgH2O (n 5 19), values significantly higher than in 1/1 mice (12 6 2 mosmol/kgH2O; n 5 24; both P , 0.001). AQP1 deficiency in mice generates marked luminal hypotonicity in proximal tubules, resulting from the retrieval of a hypertonic absorbate and indicating that near-isosmolar fluid absorption requires functional AQP1.
Additive Gaussian Processes Revisited

Gaussian Process (GP) models are a class of flexible non-parametric models that have rich representational power. By using a Gaussian process with additive structure, complex responses can be modelled whilst retaining interpretability. Previous work showed that additive Gaussian process models require high-dimensional interaction terms. We propose the orthogonal additive kernel (OAK), which imposes an orthogonality constraint on the additive functions, enabling an identifiable, low-dimensional representation of the functional relationship. We connect the OAK kernel to functional ANOVA decomposition, and show improved convergence rates for sparse computation methods. With only a small number of additive low-dimensional terms, we demonstrate the OAK model achieves similar or better predictive performance compared to black-box models, while retaining interpretability.
The Power of Regularization in Solving Extensive-Form Games

In this paper, we investigate the power of {\it regularization}, a common technique in reinforcement learning and optimization, in solving extensive-form games (EFGs). We propose a series of new algorithms based on regularizing the payoff functions of the game, and establish a set of convergence results that strictly improve over the existing ones, with either weaker assumptions or stronger convergence guarantees. In particular, we first show that dilated optimistic mirror descent (DOMD), an efficient variant of OMD for solving EFGs, with adaptive regularization can achieve a fast $\tilde O(1/T)$ last-iterate convergence in terms of duality gap and distance to the set of Nash equilibrium (NE) without uniqueness assumption of the NE. Second, we show that regularized counterfactual regret minimization (\texttt{Reg-CFR}), with a variant of optimistic mirror descent algorithm as regret-minimizer, can achieve $O(1/T^{1/4})$ best-iterate, and $O(1/T^{3/4})$ average-iterate convergence rate for finding NE in EFGs. Finally, we show that \texttt{Reg-CFR} can achieve asymptotic last-iterate convergence, and optimal $O(1/T)$ average-iterate convergence rate, for finding the NE of perturbed EFGs, which is useful for finding approximate extensive-form perfect equilibria (EFPE). To the best of our knowledge, they constitute the first last-iterate convergence results for CFR-type algorithms, while matching the state-of-the-art average-iterate convergence rate in finding NE for non-perturbed EFGs. We also provide numerical results to corroborate the advantages of our algorithms.