Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy Transductions in ATP Synthase

Life depends on chemical energy in the form of adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), most of which is produced by the F1Fo ATP synthase, a rotary nanomachine. Here, we report new insights into the torque-generating mechanism by the membrane-embedded Fo motor. High coupling ion concentrations on the ion entrance side are required to prepare the motor for rotation. In the absence of this condition, the motor is in a resting state, where the stator arginine is assumed to form a complex with the conserved carboxyl group of an empty rotor site. At high coupling ion concentrations, however, the motor switches into a mobile state, in which an incoming coupling ion has displaced the arginine and has formed a new complex with the rotor site. At appropriate driving forces, the ion dissociates from the next incoming rotor site and escapes into the cytoplasmic reservoir of the membrane. The resulting negatively charged site is attracted by the positively charged arginine, which elicits rotation and generates torque.
Endophytic Fungi of Sphagnum Bog Plants of Ukrainian Polissya

Endophytic fungi exist asymptomatically within living tissues of host plants. The formation and coexistence of endophytic micromycete associations with mosses, ericoid, herbaceous and woody plants of Ukrainian Polissya sphagnum bogs were investigated along with the physiological properties of endophytes, plant pathogenic and soil isolates. The existence of endophytic micromycetes in plants of this ecosystem is a common phenomenon that integrates mosses, herbaceous and woody plants into the common trophic chain. The studied endophytic micromycetes belong to the Сlass 2 and 3 endophytes (NC-endophytes) in accordance with their spread in different plants and their organs, i.e. those that are present in all organs of bog plants and characterized by considerable diversity. Based on detection of endophytic species in different organs of certain plants and certain plant species, this classification is supplemented by new data on significant biodiversity of Class 2 endophytic micromycetes in plants. It was established for the first time that the endophytic way of existence of micromycetes is determined by ecological and physiological peculiarities of this group: fast extensional colonization of different species of bog plants, ability to transform the more toxic base T-2 toxin to its less toxic derivatives, a required presence of polygalacturonase activity and its higher level than for the isolates from other econiches.
Impact of Stochastic Dopant Variation and the Copper Size Effect on Gigascale Integration

This paper discusses the impact of the parasitic effects on the performance of CMOS circuits. The influences have been studied on a logical unit, an onchip interconnect scheme and on memory. Minimum feature size for MOSFETs and for interconnects with scaled ranges from 100 nm down to 25 nm have been chosen. Our results show that new parasitic effects, the size effect for copper and the threshold voltage variations due to statistical dopant fluctuations, will partly compensate the performance gain obtained by scaling down the feature size. Below the 50nmTechnology-Node, these effects have to be considered for minimum feature sizes.
On some band decompositions of semigroups

M. S. Putcha in [5] described semigroups which are bands of rArchimedean or t-Archimedean semigroups. L. N. Sevrin, J. L. Galbiati, M. L. Veronesi, S. Bogdanovi c and M. Ciri c described rectangular bands of π-groups. In this paper we characterize some bands of r-Archimedean semigroups. Let N be the set of all positive integers. A semigroup S is right Archimedean (or r-Archimedean) if, for every a, b ∈ S, there exists n ∈ N such that a ∈ bS. The dual of a right Archimedean semigroup is a left Archimedean (or l-Archimedean) one. A semigroup S is t-Archimedean if, for every a, b ∈ S, there exists n ∈ N for which a ∈ bS ∩ Sb. A semigroup B is a band if for each x ∈ B, x = x holds. A semigroup S is a band Y of semigroups Sα if S = ⋃ α∈Y Sα, Y is a band, Sα ∩ Sβ = ∅ for α, β ∈ Y with α 6= β and SαSβ ⊆ Sαβ . A congruence % on S is called a band congruence if S/% is a band. Theorem 1 [5]. A semigroup S is a band of r-Archimedean semigroups if and only if (1) (∀a ∈ S)(∀x, y ∈ S1)(∃i, j ∈ N)(xay) ∈ xayS, (xay) ∈ xayS. In this theorem, it is proved that if (1) holds then the relation % defined on S by (2) a%b ⇐⇒ (∀x, y ∈ S1)(∃i, j ∈ N)(xay) ∈ xbyS, (xby) ∈ xayS is a band congruence on S. For undefined notions and notations we refer to [1] and [3]. Recall that a band B is a right regular band if ef = fef for every e, f ∈ B. Supported by Grant 0401A of RFNS through Math. Inst. SANU.
Role of Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum as Plant-Growth Promoter in Horticulture

The main objective of this study was to determine the capacity of Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum to promote pepper and tomato seedling growth compared to that of T. saturnisporum, a species recently characterised as a biostimulant. Consequently, in vitro seed germination and seedling growth tests were performed under commercial plant nursery conditions. Additionally, the effects of different doses and a mixture of both species on seedling growth under plant nursery and subsequently under greenhouse conditions were determined. Furthermore, mass production of spores was determined in different substrates, and their siderophore and indole acetic acid production and phosphate (P) solubilisation capacity were also determined. Direct application of Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum to seeds in vitro neither increases the percentage of pepper and tomato seed germination nor improves their vigour index. However, substrate irrigation using different doses under commercial plant nursery conditions increases the quality of tomato and pepper seedlings. Tomato roots increased by 66.66% at doses of 106 spores per plant. Applying T. aggressivum f. europaeum or T. saturnisporum under plant nursery conditions added value to seedlings because their growth-promoting effect is maintained under greenhouse conditions up to three months after transplantation. The combined application of the two species had no beneficial effect in relation to that of the control. The present study demonstrates the biostimulant capacity of T. aggressivum f. europaeum in pepper and tomato plants under commercial plant nursery and greenhouse conditions.
Estimation of thermophysical propreties of far infrared vacuum drying potato by application of inverse approach

In this paper the estimation of the moisture diffusivity, together with other thermophysical properties of a far-infrared vacuum dried of potato slices by using an inverse approach were studied. In direct problem a mathematical model of the far-infrared vacuum drying process of shrinking bodies was used. The Levenberg-Marquardt method was used to solve the inverse problem. An analysis of the influence of the vacuum pressure, temperature of heaters, drying body dimension, and drying time, that enables the design of the proper experiments by using the so-called D-optimum criterion was conducted. The estimated values of moisture diffusivity of potato obtained from this study are within the range from 5.14•10-8 to 5.01•10-9 m2 s-1. The experimental transient temperature and moisture content changes during the far infrared vacuum drying were compared with numerical calculated values.
Endosymbiotic adaptations in three new bacterial species associated with Dictyostelium discoideum: Burkholderia agricolaris sp. nov., Burkholderia hayleyella sp. nov., and Burkholderia bonniea sp. nov

Here we name three species of Burkholderia that can defeat the mechanisms by which bacteria are normally excluded from the spores of a soil dwelling eukaryote Dictyostelium discoideum, which is predatory on bacteria. They are B. agricolaris sp. nov., B. hayleyella sp. nov., and B. bonniea sp. nov. These new species are widespread across the eastern USA and were isolated as internal symbionts of wild collected D. discoideum. Evidence that they are each a distinct new species comes from their phylogenetic position, carbon usage, reduced cell length, cooler optimal growth temperature, and ability to invade D. discoideum amoebae and remain there for generations.
Thermal degradation kinetics of total carotenoids and antioxidant activity in banana-pumpkin puree using Arrhenius, Eyring-Polanyi and Ball models

The effect of thermal treatment (60, 70, 80 and 90oC) on degradation kinetics of total carotenoids and antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) in banana-pumpkin puree was investigated using Arrhenius, Eyring-Polanyi and Ball models. The heating temperatures had a significant effect on total carotenoids loss, but little effect on loss of DPPH inhibition in banana-pumpkin puree. 37% of total carotenoids content was remained after heat at 90oC for 60 mins, while the remaining of DPPH inhibition was 96% at this heating condition. Degradation kinetics was best described by first-order kinetics reactions for the reduction of total carotenoid and antioxidant activity. Temperature dependence of rate constants followed the Arrhenius, Eyring-Polanyi and Ball models. According to Arrhenius model, activation energies were 35.36 and 27.83kJ/mol, respectively for degradation of total carotenoids and DPPH inhibition in banana-pumpkin puree during heating at 60-90oC. Arrhenius, Eyring-Polanyi and Ball models predicted accurately the total carotenoids content and DPPH inhibition during isothermal heating.
Effect of Four Levels of N , P , K , and Micronutrients on Sweetpotato Yields in an Oxisol 1

An experiment to determine the effect of four levels of N, P, K, and micronutrients on sweetpotatoes was conducted in an Oxisol in northwestern Puerto Rico . Treatment differentials included banded, postplant N at the rates of 0, 39, 78, and 157 kg/ha; Pat the rates of 0, 17, 33, and 67 kg/ha; K at the rates of 0, 67, 134, and 269 kg/ha; and a micronutrient mixture at the rates of 0, 33, 67, and 134 kg/ha . The soi l was high in organic matter and fairly well supplied with N, Ca, K, and Mg. It was apparently low in extractable P. In general, the amounts of a given nutrient absorbed by t he plants were not consistently related to the amount of nutr ient applied, except in t he case of N. Apparent ferti lizer recovery was very low in all cases. Nonfertilized plots produced only 9.7 tons of marketable roots, while yields of 16 t /ha were obtained with the application of 39 kg/ha of N. The Capo fertilizer-yield equation appears to be useful in predicting sweetpotato yields in terms of the N fert il izer applied ilil t his Oxisol. High N levels t end to induce vine growth at the expense of edible roots. Marketable root yields were not affected by P, K, and micronutrient applications.
Modeling and Experimental Study of Pyroplastic Deformation for Ceramic Materials during Liquid Phase Sintering Process

In this paper, the numerical-experimental method has been developed to study the pyroplastic deformation of hard porcelain ceramic body during liquid phase sintering process. The pyroplastic deformation mainly depends on the rheological and thermal properties of the ceramic materials. In order to study these properties experimentally, the raw materials of standard hard porcelain mixture as a ceramic body were designed and prepared. For modeling, the finite element method is implemented in the CREEP user subroutine code in ABAQUS for the ceramic specimens during the liquid phase sintering process. Densification results confirmed that the bulk viscosity was well-defined with relative density. It has been shown that the shrinkage along the normal axis of slip casting is about 1.5 times larger than that of the casting direction. The stress analysis proved that the sintering stress is more than the hydrostatic stress during the entire sintering time so, the sintering process occurs completely. Dilatometry, SEM, XRD investigations as well as bulk viscosity simulation results confirmed that the “mullitisation plateau” was presented as a very little expansion at the final sintering stage, because of the highly amount of mullite formation.
CHARACTERIZATION OF CLAY FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION BY PHYSICOCHEMICAL, XRF, AND TGA METHODS

Ndia clay deposits obtained from Takum Local Government Area of Taraba State Nigeria was characterized for industrial application using physicochemical, XRF and TGA techniques. The results of the chemical analyses shows that the clay contains high amount of SiO2 (61.27±1.232%), Al2O3 (18.24±0.024%), Fe2O3 ( 2.44±1.643%) and trace amount of K2O (2.44±0.23%), CaO (0.17±0.143%), TiO2 (0.53±0.015%), MnO (0.06±0.014%) and so 3 (0.62±0.016%). The TGA result revealed a weight loss of 9.78% on heating and 98.30% un-decomposed value after degradation which indicates that the clay sample is thermally stable at high temperature. Further, the physical properties shows a moderate plasticity of 3.55 (Kgf/1cm) on average, shrinkage of about 12.03% on average, pH of 6.80 and a bulk density of 1.44% on average and the colour ranges from grey to red on firing. These properties thus placed the clay deposits as a useful potential in the industrial sector for the production of ceramics, floor tiles, refractory materials, bricks as well as kilns lining and binding agents.
Some topological indices of the family of nanostructures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Molecular descriptors play a significant role in many areas such as chemistry and pharmacology. Among these, topological indices have a prominent place. In this paper, we focus on the structure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and calculate theta, Pi and Sadhana indices of nanostructures. These indices on the ground of quasi-orthogonal cut ‘qoc’ edge strips in molecular graph. Also, the exact formulae for connectivity indices of nanotubes and nanotori are presented in this manuscript. These topological indices are useful for surveying structure of nanostructures, which have a relationship with degrees of their vertices.
Immunohistochemical expression of ALHD1A1 in thyroid goiter and normal peritumor tissue around papillary thyroid carcinoma in a sample of Iraq patients

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid malignancy and has one of the most increasingly incidence among other cancers in the United States. According to the theory of cancer stem cells (CSCs), it has been established that expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A1) has been linked to play a fundamental role in PTC initiation, proliferation, invasiveness, local recurrence metastasis and chemotherapeutic resistance. However, ALDH1A1 expression patterns in the normal tissue around PTC (NPT) and comparing it with that of multinodular goiter (MNG) have not been well established. Materials and methods: A total of 70 patients included in this study, mostly admitted to Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital/Baghdad. 50 cases of PTC including safety margins with 5 cases positive nodal metastasis and 20 cases of MNG tissue specimens have been prepared to be stained immunohistochemically with anti-ALDH1A1, and compared the expression profiles between the two groups and with age and gender. Results: Overexpression of ALDH1A1 was significant in the NPT group compared to that of MNG in regards to the percentage of immunopositive cells and staining intensity. NPT with nodal metastasis group showed even higher significant difference than metastasis negative NPT group (P-value<0.01). Conclusion: ALDH1A1 expression in normal tissue around PTC was similar to that of PTC and higher than MNG tissue.
Issues in Information Systems

With the development of the Internet, technology and e-commerce, online-purchasing is easier and more convenient these days. Online reviews become the main source of information that customers usually refer to for their purchasing decision. However, many of reviews given by the online users are not considered truthful. Because of commercial benefits, fake reviews were generated to mislead customers. Therefore, it is necessary to detect fake reviews effectively. This paper aims to improve the performance of fake review classifiers by integrating different techniques into classifying models. More specifically, we analyzed similarity between reviews and utilized the EM (Expectation Maximization) clustering algorithm to recognize the review patterns. We also applied the sentiment analysis to analyze the reviews. Using the results from clustering models, sentiment analysis, and non-textual features of reviews and reviewers, we built machine learning models to classify fake reviews. We compare three supervised machine learning algorithms: Support Vector Machine, Artificial Neural Network and Random Forest. The empirical results from our experiments showed that the Random Forest algorithm outperforms against other algorithms. It also proved our assumption about text clustering and non-textual features in fake review detections.
Trends of Snow Cover in Western and West-Central Himalayas during 2004–2014

The extent of snow cover on the earth is considered an important parameter for numerous climatological and hydrological applications. Snow cover dynamics in mountainous regions is a vital input for energy balance, glacier mass balance, climate change and snowmelt runoff modelling. There have been global efforts for monitoring of snow cover of earth at varying spatial and temporal scales by generation of snow products. Among these, one of the high temporal and spatial resolution datasets has been generated using advanced wide field sensor data for Western and West-Central Himalayan region at the Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad. This is done using an algorithm developed based on normalized difference snow index. This paper discusses the trends of snow cover from 2004 to 2014 based on an input of approximately 12,600 snow cover products at sub-basin scale in Indus, Chenab, Satluj and Ganga basins. Analysis of snow cover shows high variability during accumulation than in ablation period. A subtle increase in snow cover was observed in all basins during 2004–2014.
The relationship between corporate social responsibility and tax avoidance: a European case study

The primary objective of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between corporate social re-sponsibility (CSR) and tax avoidance on an European scale and the influence of market competitionon this relationship. Four different subgroups of CSR performance are also exploited in this thesis.Currently, there are several different ways companies could view CSR and tax avoidance. On the onehand, companies can view both CSR investments and paying taxes as contributions towards society.On the other hand, companies can see tax payments as a detraction from social welfare — firms thatavoid taxes have a greater capacity to invest in CSR — or view CSR investments as a form of riskmanagement when tax avoidance is employed. In line with these different visions, both a negative orpositive relationship can exist between CSR and tax avoidance. Furthermore, due to advantages thatcan be gained over competitors by accommodating market demand, market competition could haveits influence on this relationship.This study is based on observations from 657 European companies between 2005 – 2017, of whichthe data is retrieved from Worldscope database, OECD database, Compustat and ASSET4. A fixedeffects model, with year and firm fixed effects, is used for the main analyses, followed by severalrobustness checks such as country fixed effects and the instrumental variable (IV) method. To applythe IV method, the one-period lagged CSR performance is the used as the instrument. Little evidenceis found that supports a relation between CSR and tax avoidance, and a potential influence of marketcompetition. Only when country fixed effects are used or when the IV method is applied, some resultsshow a negative significant relationship between CSR performance and tax avoidance, which suggeststhat companies that invest more in CSR are also more likely to avoid tax. With regard to the effectmarket competition has on this relationship, only the IV method suggest that an increase in marketcompetition makes the relation weaker
Does Dietary Adequacy Reflect the Cognitive Performance of Children? A Study among the Homeless Children in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Introduction: Homeless children are prone to inadequate energy and nutrient intake which may highly influence their cognitive performance. However, few studies have been done in assessing diet adequacy and cognitive performance among homeless children in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study aims to assess the dietary adequacy and cognitive performance of 120 homeless children age 7-12 years living in Klang Valley. The dietary adequacy of these homeless children was assessed through two days of 24 hours of dietary recall. Dietary adequacy achievement was determined by fulfilling at least 50% of Recommended Nutrients Intake (RNI). Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) test was used to assess their cognitive performance. Results: The homeless children had an adequate intake of energy, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. Seventy percent of homeless children had a poor cognitive performance. This study shows that there was no association between energy, iron, and vitamin B12 adequacy with cognitive performance, whereas there was a significant (p=0.028) association between zinc adequacy and children’s cognitive performance. Conclusion: These findings provide solid evidence-based for dietary adequacy and cognitive performance of the homeless children in Klang Valley. It is clear from the findings that both dietary intake and cognitive of these children require improvement for a better quality of life in the future. This study suggests that dietary adequacy does not relatively reflect the cognitive performance of these homeless children in Malaysia.
Bridging the Gap between Sample-based and One-shot Neural Architecture Search with BONAS

Neural Architecture Search (NAS) has shown great potentials in finding better neural network designs. Sample-based NAS is the most reliable approach which aims at exploring the search space and evaluating the most promising architectures. However, it is computationally very costly. As a remedy, the one-shot approach has emerged as a popular technique for accelerating NAS using weight-sharing. However, due to the weight-sharing of vastly different networks, the one-shot approach is less reliable than the sample-based approach. In this work, we propose BONAS (Bayesian Optimized Neural Architecture Search), a sample-based NAS framework which is accelerated using weight-sharing to evaluate multiple related architectures simultaneously. Specifically, we apply Graph Convolutional Network predictor as a surrogate model for Bayesian Optimization to select multiple related candidate models in each iteration. We then apply weight-sharing to train multiple candidate models simultaneously. This approach not only accelerates the traditional sample-based approach significantly, but also keeps its reliability. This is because weight-sharing among related architectures are more reliable than those in the one-shot approach. Extensive experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of our method over many competing algorithms.