The Study of Frequency of SIM and AmpC Genes in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Gilan, Iran

Article Type Original Research Authors Shirin Fekri Kohan, MSc1 Leila Asadpour, PhD1 Elham Houshmand, PhD2* How to cite this article Fekri Kohan, SH. , Asadpour L. , Houshmand E. The Study of Frequency of SIM and AmpC Genes in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Gilan, Iran. Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology. 2020;6(2):117-125 1 Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran 2 Assistant Professor at Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran * Correspondence Address: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran drehooshmand@iaurasht.ac. ir Article History Received: April 10 ,2020 Accepted: June 01 ,2020 Published: June 10 ,2020 [1] Arabestani MR, Rajabpour M, Yousefi Mashouf R, Alikhani MY, Mousavi SM. Expression of . [2] Rajabpour M, Alikhani MY. MIC determination of Pseudomonas . [3] Wong YP, Chua KH, Thong KL. One-step species-specific high-resolution melting analysis for . [4] Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS. Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberge`s Medical . [5] Akpaka PE, Legal B, Padman J. Molecular detection and epidemiology of and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes prevalent in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli from Trinidad and Tobago. West Indian . [6] Bush K, Jacoby GA. Updated functional classification of betalactamases. Antimicrob Agents . [7] Shahcheraghi F, Shakibaie MR, Noveiri H. Molecular . [8] Walsh TR, Bolmstrom A, Qwarnstrom A, Gales A. Evaluation of a new Etest for detection metallo-beta-lactamases in . [9] Poirel L, Guibert M, Girlich D, Naas T, Nordmann P. Cloning, sequence analyses, expression, and distribution of ampC-ampR from Morganella morganii clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents . [10] Pitout JD, Chow BL, Gregson DB, Laupland KB, Elsayed S, Church DL. Molecular epidemiology of . [11] Hall GS. Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic . [12] Altaai ME, Aziz IH, Marhoon AA. Identification Pseudomonas . [13] Khosravi AD, Moloudsadat Motahar M, Abbasi Montazeri E [14] Cayci YT, Coban AY, Gunaydin M. Investigation of . [15] Fazeli N, Momtaz H. Virulence gene profiles of multidrug-resistant . [16] Oh EJ, Lee S, Park YJ, Park JJ, Park K, Kim SI, et al. Prevalence of . [17] Gendrin C, Contreras-Martel C, Bouillot S, Elsen S, Lemaire D, Skoufias DA, et al. Structural . [18] Imani Foolad A, Rostami Z, Shapouri R. Antimicrobial resistance and . [19] Sadeghi A, Rahimi B, Shojapour M. Molecular detection of . [20] Taghvaee R, Shojapour M, Sadeghi A, Pourbabaie AA. The study of antibiotic . [21] Mardaneh J, Ahmadi K, Jahan Sepas A. Determination . [22] Rajaei S, Kazemi-Pour N, Rokhbakhsh-Zamin F. Frequency of plasmid-mediated . [23] Saderi H, Lotfalipour H, Owlia P, Salimi H. Detection of . [24] Radan M, Moniri R, Khorshidi A, Gilasi H, Norouzi Z, Beigi F, et al. Emerging . [25] Nikookar I, Tishayar A, Flakiyan Z, Alijani K, Rehana-banisaeed S, Hossinpour M, et . [26] Rafiee R, Eftekhar F, Tabatabaei SA, Minaee Tehrani D. Prevalence of . [27] Alhaki T, Sadeghi Fard N, Saye Miri K, Bimanand L, Azizian R, Tabasi M, et al. The . [28] Haghi F, Keramati N, Hemmati F, Zeighami H. Distribution of . [29] Adabi J, Shahraki Zahedani S, Bokaeian M, Tahmasebi H. An investigation of . [30] Tahmasebi H, Alikhani MY, Dehbashi S, Arabestani MR. Investigation of . [31] Wassef M, Behiry I, Younan M, El Guindy N, Mostafa S, Abada E. Genotypic . [32] Aksoy MD, Çavuşlu Ş, Tuğrul HM. Investigation of . Aims: This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates and the frequency of blaSIM and blaAmpC genes in resistant strains. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 94 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from the burn wards of Gilan province hospitals in 2018 and identified by biochemical methods. Strains producing β-lactamases and metallo-β-lactamases were detected by two methods: disk diffusion method and antibiotic resistance method in combination with disk diffusion method, respectively. The presence of blaSIM and blaAmpC genes in the resistant strains was investigated using PCR, and data analysis was performed. Findings: Based on the obtained results, colistin was identified as the most effective antibiotic with a resistance rate of 27.7%, and the highest antibiotic resistance was observed against trimethoprim/ sulfomethoxazole (83%). In the phenotypic test of 94 samples, 29 (30.9%) carbapenemaseproducing isolates and 33 (35.1%) β-lactamase-producing isolates were identified. Based on the PCR results, among 44 (46.8%) samples containing β-lactamase and carbapenemase enzymes, the frequency of blaSIM gene was 9.1% (4 of 44, and 4.3% in all the studied isolates), and the frequency of blaAmpC gene was 15.9% (7 of 44, and 7.4% in the all studied isolates). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated a high prevalence of drug resistance in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. In particular, there was an increasing rate of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, and the presence of MBL and ESBL associated genes was considerable, which limit the choice of suitable treatment for patients with severe infections.