Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Key challenges facing the application of the conductivity mass balance method: a case study of the Mississippi River basin

Abstract. The conductivity mass balance (CMB) method has a long history of application to baseflow separation studies. The CMB method uses site-specific and widely available discharge and specific conductance data. However, certain aspects of the method remain unstandardized, including the determination of the applicability of this method for a specific area, minimum data requirements for baseflow separation and the most accurate parameter calculation method. This study collected and analyzed stream discharge and water conductivity data for over 200 stream sites at large spatial (2.77 to 2 915 834 km2 watersheds) and temporal (up to 56 years) scales in the Mississippi River basin. The suitability criteria and key factors influencing the applicability of the CMB method were identified based on an analysis of the spatial distribution of the inverse correlation coefficient between stream discharge and conductivity and the rationality of baseflow separation results. Sensitivity analysis, uncertainty assessment and T test were used to identify the parameter the method was most sensitive to, and the uncertainties of baseflow separation results obtained from different parameter determination methods and various sampling durations were compared. The results indicated that the inverse correlation coefficient between discharge and conductivity can be used to quantitatively determine the applicability of the CMB method, while the CMB method is more applicable in tributaries, headwater reaches, high altitudes and regions with little influence from anthropogenic activities. A minimum of 6-month discharge and conductivity data was found to provide reliable parameters for the CMB method with acceptable errors, and it is recommended that the parameters SCRO and SCBF be determined by the 1st percentile and dynamic 99th percentile methods, respectively. The results of this study can provide an important basis for the standardized treatment of key problems in the application of the CMB.
Implementation of Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy in a Tertiary Referral Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases – A Cohort Study on Diagnostic Yield, Complications, and Learning Curves

BackgroundTransbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) has been introduced as an alternative to surgical lung biopsy (SLB) in the diagnostics of interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Despite controversy on safety, TBLC is increasingly implemented in ILD centers with an apparent diagnostic yield comparable to SLB. The aim of this study was to assess TBLC implementation experiences from a tertiary Danish ILD center regarding diagnosis, complications, and learning curves for TBLC performance.MethodsTBLC was prospectively performed in a cohort of patients with unclassifiable ILD based on a preceding multidisciplinary clinical and radiological revision. TBLC was performed as an outpatient procedure with the patients in general anesthesia using a flexible bronchoscope with 1.9 or 2.4 mm cryoprobes. Learning curves for TBLC performance were calculated using cumulated sum (CUSUM) scores for diagnostic yield, pneumothorax, and bleeding.Results From February 2017 to March 2020 141 patients (86 (61%) men, median age 69 years [IQR, 60 years to 74 years]) had TBLC performed. A histological and confirmative diagnosis was made in 101 patients (75.2%) and 124 patients (87.9%, i.e. clinical diagnostic yield), respectively, in whom idiopathic interstitial pneumonias constituted the majority (67.3%) of the clinical diagnoses. We observed 2 deaths (1.4%) within 30 days of TBLC, but no procedure-related mortality or severe bleeding. Moderate bleeding occurred in 23 patients (16.3%), pneumothorax in 21 patients (14.9%) with only 14 patients (9.9%) requiring a pleural drain. Based on the CUSUM score analysis, the diagnostic yield obtained was satisfactory throughout the period.ConclusionThis study reports experiences of outpatient TBLC implementation in a tertiary referral ILD center from the largest investigated TBLC cohort in Scandinavia The diagnostic yield and prevalence of complications obtained by TBLC from this single center study on unclassifiable ILD support outpatient TBLC as a valuable and safe alternative to SLB to diagnose ILD in well-selected patients. The learning curves for TBLC were acceptable in the hands of experienced bronchoscopists.Of note, the majority of the abstract details have been presented as a poster at the European Respiratory Society’s Congress in Madrid, Spain in 2019 (European Respiratory Journal 2019 54: PA3107; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.PA3107).
The Impact of COVID-19 on Parents of Children with Special Needs

Although it is impossible for parents to not experience some kind of parental stress at some point [1], research suggests that parents of children with determination experience a higher level of stress compared to those of typically growing children [24]. These stresses can vary depending on various factors but are often caused due to the negative stigma associated with their child, availability and perception of social support, and socioeconomic status of the family [5-8]. Hsiao [2] highlighted three Abstract
An Advanced GNU Radio Receiver of IEEE 802.15.4 OQPSK Physical Layer

In this article, we present an advanced coherent receiver for the IEEE 802.15. 4 offset quadrature phase-shift keying (OQPSK) physical layer and provide an open-source implementation in the GNU Radio framework. Simulation and field test results show that the proposed receiver achieves about 11-dB power gain over an existing GNU Radio receiver, which treats OQPSK as minimum-shift-keying (MSK) for low-complexity processing. While suitable modules can be added to the MSK-based receiver for performance enhancement, the proposed receiver still maintains a 6-dB power gain. The proposed coherent receiver is attractive for IoT applications where a powerful software-defined-radio (SDR)-based gateway is deployed to interact with various sensors.
in syntax : generative syntax from a functional perspective and the incommensurability of syntactic theories

Within linguistics there are several theories which deal with syntax. A general division can be made between Chomskyan generative syntactic theories and various functional syntactic theories. This paper addresses the question (i) to what extent these theories and their explanations deal with the same type of phenomena, (ii) to what extent they use the same concept of a successful explanation and (iii) to what extent they are incommensurable in the sense of Kuhn (1962). This topic is addressed by a discussion of a number of generative analyses (case studies), which are analyzed and evaluated from a functional perspective. This analysis shows how a number of phenomena that are analyzed and explained within the generative paradigm can be explained differently from a functional theoretical perspective and framework. The paper concludes that generative and functional approaches to syntax are incommensurable in the sense of Kuhn, even though there are ways to engage in a common discussion about syntax.
Cost of illness of type 2 diabetes mellitus from the patient’s perspective: a study from several primary healthcare centres and a hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem that had a consequence of high cost related to treatment and disease impact. This study aimed to estimate the cost of illness related T2DM from the perspective of patients. This study applied a prevalence-based cost of illness study from the perspective of patients. Data of direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs and indirect costswere collectedby interviewingpatients. The study involvedpatients covered by the national health insurance scheme as study respondents, which consisted of 96 patients visiting three public primary healthcare centres and 35 patients visiting a private secondary hospital in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. From the perspective of patients in Yogyakarta-Indonesia, the total cost of illness of T2DMwithin threemonths periodwas IDR95,458 (USD6.58) for patients at PHCs and IDR 340,159 (USD 23.46) for patients at the hospital, which were about 2% to 7% of the minimum wage rate. Indirect cost was the highest contribution of cost of illness (IDR 40,436/USD 2.79) to IDR 398,836/USD 17.63) and followed by direct medical cost (IDR 32,349/USD 2.23 to IDR 44,157/USD 3.05) and direct non-medical cost (IDR 22,673/USD 1.56 to IDR 40,334/USD 2.78). Cost of illness from out of pocket patients in this study was led by visits to other health facilities (the health facilities outside of study site) for obtaining health service related to T2DM disease. This study anticipated that T2DM had a consequence to out of the pocket cost of treatment and further productivity lost of patients and their caregivers.
TranscriptomeProfilingofHumanFollicleDermalPapillaCells in response to Porphyra-334 Treatment by RNA-Seq

Porphyra-334 is a kind of mycosporine-like amino acid absorbing ultraviolet-A. Here, we characterized porphyra-334 as a potential antiaging agent. An in vitro assay revealed that porphyra-334 dramatically promoted collagen synthesis in fibroblast cells. e effect of porphyra-334 on cell proliferation was dependent on the cell type, and the increase of cell viability by porphyra334 was the highest in keratinocyte cells among the three tested cell types. An in vivo clinical test with 22 participants demonstrated the possible role of porphyra-334 in the improvement of periorbital wrinkles. RNA-sequencing using human follicle dermal papilla (HFDP) cells upon porphyra-334 treatment identified the upregulation of metallothionein(MT-) associated genes, confirming the antioxidant role of porphyra-334 with MT. Moreover, the expression of genes involved in nuclear chromosome segregation and the encoding of components of kinetochores was upregulated by porphyra-334 treatment. Furthermore, we found that several genes associated with the hair follicle cycle, the hair follicle structure, the epidermal structure, and stem cells were upregulated by porphyra-334 treatment, suggesting the potential role of porphyra-334 in hair follicle growth and maintenance. In summary, we provided several new pieces of evidence of porphyra-334 as a potential antiaging cosmetic agent and elucidated the expression network in HFDP cells upon porphyra-334.
The flexural strength of bonded ice 1

The flexural strength of ice surfaces bonded by freezing, termed freeze-bond, was studied by performing 8 four-point-bending tests of bonded freshwater S2 columnar-grained ice samples in the laboratory. The samples were 9 prepared by milling the surfaces of two ice pieces, wetting two of the surfaces with water of varying salinity, bringing 10 these surfaces together, and then letting them freeze under a compressive stress of about 4 kPa. The salinity of the 11 water used for wetting the surfaces to generate the bond varied from 0 to 35 ppt. Freezing occurred in air under 12 temperatures varying from -25 to -3 °C over periods that varied from 0.5 h to ~100 hours. Results show that an increase 13 in bond salinity or temperature leads to a decrease in bond strength. The trend for the bond strength as a function of 14 salinity is similar to that presented in Timco and O’Brien (1994) for saline ice. No freezing occurs at -3 °C once the 15 salinity of the water used to generate the bond exceeds ~25 ppt. The strength of the saline ice bonds levels off (i.e., 16 saturates) within 6-12 hours of freezing; bonds formed from fresh water reach strengths that are comparable or higher 17 than that of the parent material in less than 0.5 hours. 18
Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Ginger Extract and 2% Sodium Hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis using Agar Diffusion Method

Amongst the bacterial species which most often cause endodontic failure, Enterococcus faecalis is the most important. This study compared the effectiveness of ginger extract and 2% sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis by using the agar-diffusion test. Ginger extract showed better antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis. Further studies are needed to confirm the value of ginger extract as root canal irrigant.
Effect of wetting agent on the efficacy of diafenthiuron in controlling whiteflies in sunflower

The use of wetting agents enhances the insecticide efficiency and increases the persistence of insecticides. In this study, the effect of Wetting agent developed at the Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Raichur on the toxicity of Diafenthiuron 50 WP formulation was investigated under field conditions against the whitefly in Sunflower crop. Among the different treatment Wetting agent @ 1.50 ml/Litre + Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 1 g/ Litre was found to be optimum in reducing the whitefly populations which was on par with the treatments of Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 1 g/ Litre tank mixed with wetting agent 2.0 ml/Litre and the commercial standard check Dhanuwet @ 2.0 ml/Litre along with Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 1 g/ Litre. Significantly higher seed yield was recorded in the treatments of Wetting agent @ 5.0 ml/Litre + Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 1 g/ Litre and Wetting agent @ 2.0 ml/Litre + Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 1 g/ Litre. The next best treatment was Wetting agent @ 1.50 ml/Litre + Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 1 g/ Litre and Dhanuwit @ 2.0 ml/Litre along with Diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 1 g/ Litre. These results indicated that wetting agent increased efficiency of Diafenthiuron 50 WP commercial formulation and thereby yield of sunflower.
Relationship between functional movement screen, athletic and karate performance in adolescents

Purpose. the tests of athletic and functional performance are widely used to assess physical ability and set performance goals. the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between functional movement and physical and karate-specific performance in adolescents. Methods. Karate technique, athletic performance, and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) were evaluated in 20 karateka aged 10–15 years (age: 12.2 ± 1.9 years, height: 155.5 ± 16.5 cm, weight: 48.6 ± 19.5 kg). Correlation analysis determined the association between the various tests, and stepwise linear regression established performance prediction models. Results. Only individual FMS tests of deep squat, hurdle step, and push-up significantly correlated with gedan barai/ jaku zuki (r = 0.40, r = –0.61, r = –0.59, respectively) and the triangle step (deep squat: r = 0.43, push-up: r = –0.56). Muscular endurance, power, and agility showed a significant (p < 0.05) correlation with karate side-step and gedan barai/jaku zuki. the participants’ body mass and muscle endurance were good predictors of mawashi geri (r = 0.51, p < 0.05), while body mass was a strong indicator of gedan barai/jaku zuki (r = 0.46, p < 0.05) and muscle endurance was a leading predictor of gedan barai (r = 0.34, p < 0.05). Conclusions. A combination of functional and athletic tests may be used to assess young athletes’ predisposition to karate. the training focus in young karateka should be on developing fundamental movement capacity along with fundamental sport-specific skills to allow the young athlete’s natural physical development.
MAPPING JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ FUNCTIONAL LITERACY COMPETENCE

: Literacy issues have probably been a special concern of many countries. In Indonesia, there have also been several surveys regarding the literacy of school students. This study aims to map the functional literacy competence of junior high school (JHS) students by focusing on various types of literacy competence and how each of them contributes to the overall functional literacy competence. This quantitative survey research involved 246 junior high school students from four regencies and one municipality of the Special Region of Yogyakarta as its sample. The research instrument was an extension of the National Assessment for Adult Literacy (NAAL) with some additions of functional literacy types suggested in the focus group discussion. Data were collected by using a test and subsequently analyzed through descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis using the structural equation model with Lisrel. The results revealed that the functional literacy of the JHS students was mostly in the “medium” (83.3%), “low” (15.4%), and “high” (1.2%) category. Of the 15 types of literacy, two of them (13.33%), namely prose and cultural literacy made “high” contribution to the functional literacy as a whole, and two others (document and environmental literacy) also supported to a “medium” extent (13.33%), while the rest (60%) were categorized as having “low” contribution that means cannot be retained as factors that give significant contribution to the functional literacy competence. This likely implies the importance of fostering various types of functional literacy at school for students to have the ability to develop their personal and social functions.
Point-by-point response to reviews (replies marked in blue)

14 The Neogene evolution of the European Alps was characterized by the exhumation of crystalline 15 basement, the so-called external crystalline massifs. Their exhumation presumably controlled the 16 evolution of relief, distribution of drainage networks and generation of sediment in the Central Alps. 17 However, due to the absence of suitable proxies, the timing of their surficial exposure, and thus the 18 initiation of sediment supply from these areas, are poorly constrained. 19 The northern Aalpine foreland basin preserves the Oligocene to Miocene sedimentary record of 20 tectonic and climatic adjustments in the hinterland. This contribution analyses the provenance of 25 to 21 14 My-old alluvial fan deposits by means of detrital garnet chemistry. Unusually grossularand 22 spessartine-rich garnets isare found to be(1) to be a unique proxyies for identifying detritus from the 23 external crystalline massifs and (2) to occur abundantly in ca. 14 My-old deposits of the. In the 24 foreland basin. , these this garnets are is abundant in 14 My-old deposits. In contrast to previous 25 assumptions, we therefore propose that the external massifs were already exposed to the surface ca. 14 26 My ago. , thus providing a minimum age for the surficial exposure of the crystalline basement. 27
Promoting a Community of Inquiry in a Civics and Citizenship Education Class through the Pedagogy of Philosophical Inquiry

In realising the development of ethics and values among Malaysian school-going students, depicted in Shift 3 Aspirations of the Malaysian Educational Blueprint 2013-3025, the study examined how the pedagogy of philosophical inquiry helped in the development of a community of inquiry (CI) in the Civics and Citizenship Education classroom. The study employed a qualitative action research design, where the researcher used the observational method, which is based on the Lipman’s CI checklist, to identify seven elements of CI in the classroom; namely, participation, quest for meaning, shared cognition, challenging as a procedure, deliberation, impartiality and thinking for oneself. Findings of the study showed that the philosophical inquiry pedagogy and the community of inquiry assisted in the effective teaching of CCE as students discovered a more meaningful learning experience, became more empowered in their thinking and views, and more sensitive to the current issues, paving the way to become good citizens of the nation.
Synthesis of AI2O3‐AI Composites by Reactive Metal Penetration

Ceramic-metal composites have been made to near net-shape by reactive penetration of dense ceramic preforms by molten Al. In contrast to processes involving physical infiltration of a porous medium, this process works with dense ceramic preforms. Ceramic-metal composite formation by reactive metal penetration is driven by a strongly negative Gibbs energy for reaction. For Al, the general form of the reaction is (x + 2)Al + (3/y)MOy, → Al2O3+ M3Alx, where MOy, is an oxide that is wet by molten Al. In low Po2 atmospheres and at temperatures above about 900°C, molten Al reduces mullite to produce Al2O3 and silicon. The Al/mullite reaction has a ΔGr°(1200 K) of −1014 kJ/mol and, if the mullite is fully dense, the theoretical volume change on reaction is less than 1%. Experiments with commercial mullite containing a silicate grain boundary phase average less than 2% volume change on reaction. In the Al/mullite system, reactive metal penetration produces a fine-grained alumina skeleton with an interspersed metal phase. With enough excess aluminum, mutually interpenetrating ceramic-metal composites are produced. Properties measurements show that ceramic-metal composites produced by reactive metal penetration of mullite by Al have a Young's modulus and hardness similar to that of Al2O3, with improved fracture toughness ranging from 5 to 9 Mpa·m1/2. For penetration times less than 1 h, reaction layer thickness varies as the square root of time, which allows ceramic-metal composite coatings to be fabricated by controlling the penetration time. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that other compositions also are candidates for in situ reaction synthesis, which suggests that reactive metal penetration may be a general route to composite synthesis with the prospect for near net-shape processing.
Using Intelligence from International Tax Cooperation to Improve Voluntary Tax Compliance: Evidence from a Swedish Field Experiment∗

This study documents the results from a field experiment consisting of a low-cost intervention: a digitally disseminated, neutrally worded message sent to a group of Swedish taxpayers in March 2020, about six weeks before the final day to file income taxes for the income year of 2019. The message was sent to taxpayers who had foreign dividends during the income year of 2018 according to records from automatically exchanged financial information following OECD:s Common Recording Standard (CRS). The purpose of the study is to estimate the effect of the message on subsequent compliance, measured by two outcome variables: declared capital income and total tax paid for 2019. We use an efficient experimental design featuring stratification on two binary variables (previous compliance and gender) and then rerandomization within each of the four strata. We find no evidence of an average effect on compliance. In an exploratory heterogeneity analysis, we examine the data along two hypotheses: that the effect of the intervention should be larger among previously non-compliant compared to compliant taxpayers and larger among women compared to men. We find support for both conjectures for declared capital income. Finally, we provide numerical evidence on the magnitude of the efficiency gains from the experiment design based on real data. ∗We are thankful for valuable comments and suggestions from Thomas Aronsson, Spencer Bastani, Per Engström, Daniel Hallberg, and Katarina Nordblom. †The Swedish Tax Agency, Uppsala Center for Labour Studies (UCLS) and Uppsala Center for Fiscal Studies (UCFS), nikolay.angelov@skatteverket.se ‡Department of Statistics at Uppsala University, IFAU, and IZA, per.johansson@statistik.uu. se