Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The cytological and electrophysiological effects of silver nanoparticles on neuron-like PC12 cells

The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effects and mechanism of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) on the cytological and electrophysiological properties of rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Different concentrations of SNPs (20 nm) were prepared, and the effects of different application durations on the cell viability and electrical excitability of PC12 quasi-neuronal networks were investigated. The effects of 200 μM SNPs on the neurite length, cell membrane potential (CMP) difference, intracellular Ca2+ content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) difference, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content of networks were then investigated. The results showed that 200 μM SNPs produced grade 1 cytotoxicity at 48 h of interaction, and the other concentrations of SNPs were noncytotoxic. Noncytotoxic 5 μM SNPs significantly increased electrical excitability, and noncytotoxic 100 μM SNPs led to an initial increase followed by a significant decrease in electrical excitability. Cytotoxic SNPs (200 μM) significantly decreased electrical excitability. SNPs (200 μM) led to decreases in neurite length, MMP difference and ATP content and increases in CMP difference and intracellular Ca2+ and ROS levels. The results revealed that not only cell viability but also electrophysiological properties should be considered when evaluating nanoparticle-induced neurotoxicity. The SNP-induced cytotoxicity mainly originated from its effects on ATP content, cytoskeletal structure and ROS content. The decrease in electrical excitability was mainly due to the decrease in ATP content. ATP content may thus be an important indicator of both cell viability and electrical excitability in PC12 quasi-neuronal networks.
Ethically Minded Consumer Behavior of Apparel: An Examination of Antecedents and Consequences

This research examines the ethically minded consumer behavior (EMCB) and its antecedents and consequences in the context of ethical clothes. Its objective is to test the relationships among the reasons for and against buying, subjective knowledge, EMCB and intention to purchase ethical clothes. The authors use survey data from 280 consumers to test the conceptual model. Support is provided for the majority of the hypothesized relationships: reasons for buying and subjective knowledge positively and reasons against buying negatively affect EMCB, and EMCB in turn positively in ﬂ uences the intention to purchase. Additionally, reasons against buying decrease the intention. The study also discusses implications for companies.
Approximating algebraic numbers by j-invariants of elliptic curves

is very close to 1728. Viewed in another light, then, this result says that j(EA,B) cannot be “too close” to 1728 (relative to the sizes of A and B) if EA,B(Q) contains a torsion point of order at least 5. In [5], the author proved similar results bounding |B| by a power of |A|, again for EA,B with certain torsion/isogeny structure. One may similarly view these results as saying that j(EA,B) cannot be “too close” to 0 for curves EA,B with given torsion structure. This prompts us to formulate here a general result on the approximation of a fixed algebraic number by the j-invariants of elliptic curves with certain torsion structure. The main results are stated over arbitrary number fields and contain, as special cases, most of the results in [2, 5]. It is easy to show that for each N , {j(E) : E/Q admits a rational N -isogeny}
Structure of the Excited States in 12C. II

Structure of both positive- and nCc:gative-parily slates in 12C is studied with a microscopic :l u-parlicle model. The c.m. motions of 3 a-clusters are treated by the generator coordinate method. All the levels with T=O below 15 MeV (except the 1:0.7 MeV r+ level) are suc­ cessfully reproclucecl, including the famous o,+ level and the next positive-parity level which is regarded as :o,+. Another 2', :l1+ and two 4+ stales which have a structure quite similar to that of the O, ,_ and :0, + stales are preclictecl with large K-rnixings. Furthermore the pre­ sent investigation predicts an existence of O, + state. The structure of all the above excited positive-parity slates is quite diiferenl from that expected in the shell model, hut rather should he considered that· o£ a finite a-boson ga,. The negative-parity leveis are quite well de":ribecl '" memhcrs of the K"=:l- and I bands in the present model. § 1. Introduetion The nucleus "C has been offering a testing field to vanous nuclear models. It is a stable and tight binding system though it is one of the lightest nuclei. On the assumption of a stable average nuclear Jield, shell model \Vas applied in se\·eral \·ersions to explain low energy properties of 12C. '' Unfortunately, all the efforts have resulted in obtaining only partial success. Above all the second 0 t level at 7.7 MeV and the next positive-parity level at 10.3 MeV have been difficult to be reproduced at such low excitation energies. They are also known to have anomalously large a-decay widths. '' Morinaga suggested that they form an excited rotational band with a linear chain structure of 3 a-particles. 11 According to Ikeda's cliagram5l' 61 one can expect appearance of nuclear states with some cluster structure in the neighbourhood o£ decay-threshold energies of a-particles. In 12C, the 0,' le\·el and the next positive-parity level noted aboYe are expected to be such states, that is, to ha\·e distinct cluster structure relevant to the 'Be -1--CY channel al 7.4 MeV. From the \'iewpoint of a-particle mudel this nucleus has been investigated since the early ages of nuclear study. The classical a-particle model was applied to it on the analogy o£ homonuclear tri-atomic mole­ cule. " The modeL howeYer, predicts a :3 state at too low an excitation energy compared with experiment. This dr;cm·back is known to disi! ppear in the micro­ scopic model.RJ Recently sc1·eral dynamical calculations"' of :3 a-particle system haYe been made by the use of 1·arious a-ct interactions. Fuji\\'ara and Tamagaki 9b 1 11 Preliminary results were
Effective Use of Collimating Apertures in Small‐Angle X‐Ray Diffraction Cameras

The use of simple, aperture‐collimated cameras in x‐ray diffraction studies at small angles is of value in investigating the molecularly large structural features of colloidal systems, particularly when pinhole collimation is required. To make effective use of available x‐radiation one must (1) consider the initial limitations imposed on a camera by the purpose for which it is to be employed, and (2) choose remaining camera dimensions so that the registering film may receive as much radiation as possible.The initial conditions are three in number, involving the desired pattern magnification, the necessary angular or large‐spacing resolution, and the requisite guarding against beam spill‐over, which together essentially limit the specimen‐to‐film distance, the beam diameter at the film, and the diffraction area permitted to be unguarded but covered by a beam stop. Other camera dimensions are chosen so that the film center is as close to, while viewing as much of, the radiation source as possible. In accomp.
Highly sensitive phototransistor based on GaSe nanosheets

Phototransistors based on two dimensional semiconductors have drawn increasing attention in recent years. GaSe is a typical semiconductor with a layered structure. In this work, the ultrathin GaSe nanosheets were exfoliated from commercially available crystals using a micromechanical cleavage technique. Then, the nanosheets were used to fabricate field effect transistors (FETs) on Si/SiO2 substrates with interdigitated electrodes. The electrical and optoelectronic properties of the FET were characterized. The phototransistor based on a GaSe nanosheet had a high photoresponsivity (∼2200 mA/W) and a high Iphoto/Idark (photoresponse current over dark current) ratio of almost 103.
Acoustic bulk wave composite resonators

This letter reports on a new and unique form of acoustic bulk wave resonator composed of a thin film of ZnO sputtered onto a thin Si membrane supporting structure. The piezoelectric ZnO is used to excite a longitudinal bulk wave which reflects from the free surface of the film and membrane. The structure thus forms an acoustical cavity which exhibits parallel and series electrical resonance responses at the ZnO film electrodes for both even and odd order modes. Fundamental resonant frequencies near 500 MHz have been achieved with parallel resonant Q’s over 9000. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency was found to be −31 ppm for a Si to ZnO thickness ratio of six.
Input impedance of annular-ring microstrip antennas with a dielectric cover

A theoretical and numerical analysis of the annular-ring microstrip antenna with a dielectric cover is performed. The problem is formulated in the Hankel transform domain, taking a coaxial feed into consideration. The integral equations for the surface current density on the patch are derived. Galerkin's method is used to solve for the surface current density, and a stationary formula for the input impedance is obtained. Numerical results showing the effects of a dielectric cover on the TM/sub 12/ mode of the annular ring are given. It is found that the dielectric cover reduces the resonant frequency, decreases the resonant resistance, and increases the impedance bandwidth. >
MICHELL FRAMEWORK FOR UNIFORM LOAD BETWEEN FIXED SUPPORTS

Abstract A proposed half-plane Michell framework for the title problem is analysed. It is shown that it is the best structure among a very general class of layouts, which only excludes some non-vertical members in a restricted region near the bottom of its half-plane adjacent to its centre line. The height is found to be 0.676 times the semi-span l and the required volume of material is given by V min = 3.152 wl 2/σ, where w is the loading intensity and σ the allowable stress. The corresponding results for a simple parabolic arch with vertical hangers are 0.612land 3.264wl 2/σ.
Efficient solution of the electric and magnetic current combined‐field integral equation with the multilevel fast multipole algorithm and block‐diagonal preconditioning

[1] We consider the efficient solution of electromagnetics problems involving dielectric and composite dielectric-metallic structures, formulated with the electric and magnetic current combined-field integral equation (JMCFIE). Dense matrix equations obtained from the discretization of JMCFIE with Rao-Wilton-Glisson functions are solved iteratively, where the matrix-vector multiplications are performed efficiently with the multilevel fast multipole algorithm. JMCFIE usually provides well conditioned matrix equations that are easy to solve iteratively. However, iteration counts and the efficiency of solutions depend on the contrast, i.e., the relative variation of electromagnetic parameters across dielectric interfaces. Owing to the numerical imbalance of off-diagonal matrix partitions, solutions of JMCFIE become difficult with increasing contrast. We present a four-partition block-diagonal preconditioner (4PBDP), which provides efficient solutions of JMCFIE by reducing the number of iterations significantly. 4PBDP is useful, especially when the contrast increases, and the standard block-diagonal preconditioner fails to provide a rapid convergence.
Stabilization of the solutions of the wave equation in unbounded domains

The behaviour of the solution of the first mixed problem for the wave equation in an unbounded domain with smooth boundary is studied for large values of time. Estimates of the solution of the first boundary-value problem for the Helmholtz equation with spectral parameter in the closed upper half-plane are obtained, and uniqueness of its solution for a parameter on the real line is proved.
A representative sample of Be stars V: H{\alpha} variability

Aims. We attempt to determine if a dependency on spectral subtype or vsini exists for stars undergoing phase-changes between B and Be states, as well as for those stars exhibiting variability in H{\alpha} emission. Methods. We analyse the changes in H{\alpha} line strength for a sample of 55 Be stars of varying spectral types and luminosity classes using five epochs of observations taken over a ten year period between 1998 and 2010. Results. We find i) that the typical timescale between which full phase transitions occur is most likely of the order of centuries, although no dependency on spectral subtype or vsini could be determined due to the low frequency of phase-changing events observed in our sample, ii) that stars with earlier spectral types and larger values of vsini show a greater degree of variability in H{\alpha} emission over the timescales probed in this study, and iii) a trend of increasing variability between the shortest and longest baselines for stars of later spectral types and with smaller values of vsini.
Maximum entropy sampling and optimal Bayesian experimental design

When Shannon entropy is used as a criterion in the optimal design of experiments, advantage can be taken of the classical identity representing the joint entropy of parameters and observations as the sum of the marginal entropy of the observations and the preposterior conditional entropy of the parameters. Following previous work in which this idea was used in spatial sampling, the method is applied to standard parameterized Bayesian optimal experimental design. Under suitable conditions, which include non‐linear as well as linear regression models, it is shown in a few steps that maximizing the marginal entropy of the sample is equivalent to minimizing the preposterior entropy, the usual Bayesian criterion, thus avoiding the use of conditional distributions. It is shown using this marginal formulation that under normality assumptions every standard model which has a two‐point prior distribution on the parameters gives an optimal design supported on a single point. Other results include a new asymptotic formula which applies as the error variance is large and bounds on support size.
Electron Capture in van der Waals Graphene-Based Heterostructures with WS 2 Barrier Layers

We consider the capture processes of hot electrons propagating across the van der Waals heterostructures with graphene layers (GLs) and WS2 barrier layers. The capture probability of hot electrons into GLs as a function of the electron energy and the electric field as well as the capture probability averaged over the electron energy distribution are calculated accounting for their scattering on the optical phonons and on the electrons localized in GLs. Our calculations show that the total probability of these processes is rather low (less than 0.5%). Since the capture probability of hot electrons into GLs essentially determines the performance of the vertical hot-electron transistors with the GL base and the vertical hot-electron terahertz photodetectors, the obtained results support the prospects of these and other GL devices.
A Review of Undergraduate Education Student Responses to the Online Component of Blended Learning: A Cautionary Tale

Calls for enhancing the digital interface for teaching and learning within tertiary institutions have played out in one School of Education, with variable results. Online learning tasks were added in 2018 to regular classes to provide more flexibility for student engagement. A team of lecturers developed a questionnaire for students to be completed after the first semester pilot. Data and findings indicated that one-third of students identified online learning as an enhancement to their learning. A second survey was conducted one year later to assess changes made and analyse the longer-term impacts. During the COVID-19 lockdown, fully online pedagogy was required; anecdotal observation indicated an improvement in satisfaction and engagement, but perhaps only because online was the only way possible to complete assessments. The conclusion contains recommendations and a cautionary tale, when introducing online learning across existing courses.
Parameter Influence in Structural Equation Modeling

In applications of structural equation modeling (SEM), investigators obtain and interpret parameter estimates that are computed so as to produce optimal model fit. The obtained parameter estimates are optimal in the sense that model fit would deteriorate to some degree if any of those estimates were changed. If a small change of a parameter estimate has large influence on model fit, such a parameter can be called highly influential, whereas if a substantial perturbation of a parameter estimate has negligible influence on model fit, that parameter can be called uninfluential. This is the idea of parameter influence. This article covers 2 approaches to quantifying parameter influence. One existing approach determines the direction vector of parameter perturbation causing maximum deterioration in model fit. In this article, we propose a new approach for quantifying the influence of individual parameters on model fit. In this new approach, the influence of individual parameters is quantified as the degree of perturbation required to produce a prespecified value of change in model fit. Using empirical examples, we illustrate how these 2 methods can be effectively employed, complementing each other and as a complement to conventional approaches to interpretation of parameter estimates obtained in empirical data analyses.
A New Catalog of 30,239 1.4 GHz Sources

Using the Green Bank 1.4 GHz Northern Sky Survey, a catalog of 30239 sources over the declination range of -5° to 82° to a flux density limit of 100 mJy has been generated. Spectral indices were found for over 90% of these sources based on flux densities at 0.365 or 4.85 GHz taken from other catalogs. Flux densities at all three frequencies are available for 20000 sources. The spectral properties of 1.4 GHz sources are discussed along with the selection effects induced by the idiosyncracies of the various catalogs
Radar Target Recognition Using One-Dimensional Evolutionary Programming–Based Clean

In this work, we present a method for radar target recognition using an one-dimensional (1-D) evolutionary programmingbased CLEAN. This 1-D scattering center extraction method relies upon evolutionary programming and an undamped exponential model. It is accurate, robust and fast. Moreover, it is free from the resolution problems that arise in FFT-based CLEAN. Unlike with model-based techniques, the accuracy of extracted parameters is unaffected by false estimation of the number of scattering centers. Experimental results show that the 1-D evolutionary programming-based CLEAN algorithm can be successfully applied to radar target recognition with correlation-based approaches to reduce data storage, as well as with neural network-based approaches to efficiently extract feature vectors.
On a discrete version of the 𝒞P 1 sigma model and surfaces immersed in ℝ3

We present a discretization of the 𝒞P1 sigma model. We show that the discrete 𝒞P1 sigma model is described by a nonlinear partial second-order difference equation with rational nonlinearity. To derive discrete surfaces immersed in three-dimensional Euclidean space a ‘complex’ lattice is introduced. The so-obtained surfaces are characterized in terms of the quadrilateral cross-ratio of four surface points. In this way we prove that all surfaces associated with the discrete 𝒞P1 sigma model are of constant mean curvature. An explicit example of such discrete surfaces is constructed.
Comparison Analysis of ASEAN Banking Financial Performance During the Pandemic

The arrival of the Covid-19 Pandemic outbreak has had an impact on the collapse of the local economy. The macroeconomics used in this theory explains the relationship between the current economic situation and how it affects banking financial performance with the RGEC indicators were used in this study to compare the financial performance of Indonesia's banking sector with other ASEAN countries, such as Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. This research is a component of comparative research. The subject of the study is ASEAN banking institutions. Sampling with the purposive sampling method in 2019 and 2020 obtained 13 banks produced a complete sample. The parametric homogeneity test is used to test hypotheses in statistical models. The findings show that although there were differences in profit risk and risk profiles of ASEAN banks during the pandemic, there was no difference in capital risk.
Optical properties of cubic and hexagonal CdSe

The complex dielectric function, e(E)=e1(E)+ie2(E), of hexagonal CdSe has been measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the photon‐energy range between 1.2 and 5.3 eV at room temperature. The measured spectroscopic‐ellipsometry data are analyzed on the basis of a simplified model of the interband transitions. The model is based on the Kramers–Kronig transformation and includes the E0 (E0α ; α=A,B,C), E1 (E1α ; α=A,B,C), and E0′ gaps as the main dispersion mechanisms. The recent SE data of cubic, zinc‐blende‐type CdSe have also been analyzed with the same model by considering the critical points for the cubic phase (i.e., E0, E0+Δ0, E1, E1+Δ1, and E2). Results are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data over the entire range of photon energies. To facilitate design of various optoelectronic devices, dielectric‐function‐related optical constants, such as the complex refractive index, absorption coefficient, and normal‐incidence reflectivity, of these crystals are also presented.
Vulnerability Analysis of Smart Contracts

Blockchain platforms and smart contracts are vulnerable to security breaches. Security breaches of smart contracts have led to huge financial losses in terms of cryptocurrencies and tokens. In this paper, we present a systematic survey of vulnerability analysis of smart contracts. We begin by providing a brief about the major types of attacks and vulnerabilities that are present in smart contracts. Then we discuss existing frameworks, methods and technologies used for vulnerability detection. We summarise our findings in a table which lists each framework and the attacks it protects against.
BelNet: basis enhanced learning, a mesh-free neural operator

Operator learning trains a neural network to map functions to functions. An ideal operator learning framework should be mesh-free in the sense that the training does not require a particular choice of discretization for the input functions, allows for the input and output functions to be on different domains, and is able to have different grids between samples. We propose a mesh-free neural operator for solving parametric partial differential equations. The basis enhanced learning network (BelNet) projects the input function into a latent space and reconstructs the output functions. In particular, we construct part of the network to learn the ‘basis’ functions in the training process. This generalized the networks proposed in Chen & Chen (Chen and Chen 1995 IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 49, 911–917. (doi:10.1109/72.392253) and 6, 904–910. (doi:10.1109/IJCNN.1993.716815)) to account for differences in input and output meshes. Through several challenging high-contrast and multiscale problems, we show that our approach outperforms other operator learning methods for these tasks and allows for more freedom in the sampling and/or discretization process.