Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Personality and Individual Diﬀerences

The broad construct of impulsivity is one that spans both personality and cognitive ability. Despite a common overarching construct, previous research has found no relationship between self-report measures of impulsivity and people's ability to inhibit pre-potent responses. Here, we use evidence accumulation models of choice reaction time tasks to extract a measure of “response caution” (boundary separation) and examine whether this correlates with self-reported impulsivity as measured by the UPPS-P questionnaire. Response caution reﬂects whether an individual makes decisions based on more (favouring accuracy) or less (favouring speed) evidence. We reasoned that this strategic dimension of behaviour is conceptually closer to the tendencies that self-report impulsivity measures probe than what is traditional measured by inhibition tasks. In a meta-analysis of ﬁve datasets (total N = 296), encompassing 19 correlations per subscale, we observe no evidence that response caution correlates with self-reported impulsivity. Average correlations between response caution and UPPS-P subscales ranged from rho = −0.02 to −0.04. While the construct of response caution has demonstrated value in understanding individual diﬀerences in cognition, brain functioning and aging; the factors underlying what has been called “impulsive information processing” appear to be distinct from the concept of impulsivity derived from self-report.
Expression, Function and Trafficking of the Human ABCG2 Multidrug Transporter Containing Mutations in an Unstructured Cytoplasmic Loop

The human ABCG2 multidrug transporter plays a crucial role in the absorption and excretion of xeno- and endobiotics, contributes to cancer drug resistance and the development of gout. In this work, we have analyzed the effects of selected variants, residing in a structurally unresolved cytoplasmic region (a.a. 354–367) of ABCG2 on the function and trafficking of this protein. A cluster of four lysines (K357–360) and the phosphorylation of a threonine (T362) residue in this region have been previously suggested to significantly affect the cellular fate of ABCG2. Here, we report that the naturally occurring K360del variant in human cells increased ABCG2 plasma membrane expression and accelerated cellular trafficking. The variable alanine replacements of the neighboring lysines had no significant effect on transport function, and the apical localization of ABCG2 in polarized cells has not been altered by any of these mutations. Moreover, in contrast to previous reports, we found that the phosphorylation-incompetent T362A, or the phosphorylation-mimicking T362E variants in this loop had no measurable effects on the function or expression of ABCG2. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated an increased mobility of the mutant variants with no major effects on the core structure of the protein. These results may help to decipher the potential role of this unstructured region within this transporter.
The Colour Revolutions in the Former Soviet Republics: Successes and Failures

Introduction: whats in a colour? -- Donnacha A" Beachain and Abel Polese, Part I - The spreading of colour revolutions: achievements and limits, Georgia - Francoise Companjen, Ukraine - Nathaniel Copsey, Kyrgyzstan -- David Lewis, Moldova -- Ryan Patrick Kennedy, Armenia - Mikayel Zolyan, Azerbaijan - Vicken Cheterian, Part II -- Antidotes for the coloured virus: the regimes strike back, Belarus -- Ustina Marcus, Russia -- Thomas Ambrosio, Uzbekistan -- Matteo Fumagalli and Simon Tordjman, Tajikistan -- Robert Kevlihan and Amri Sherzamonov, Kazakhstan -- Rico Isaacs, Turkmenistan - Donnacha A" Beachain, Conclusion - Donnacha A" Beachain and Abel Polese.
Population Heterogeneity Affects Transport of Bacteria through Sand Columns at Low Flow Rates

Travel distances of bacteria in groundwater aquifers often exceed predictions based on filtration theories. These findings have mostly been ascribed to structural heteroge-neities in the subsurface, but variations in the adhesive properties within the microbial populations have been observed too. In laboratory experiments with Pseudomonas sp. strain B13, we found that only a fraction of the cells was efficiently deposited in sand columns while the remainder passed a second column identical to the first without hindrance. Upon rinsing the columns with deionized water, between 10 and 35% of the deposited cells were flushed out, thus showing that increased electrostatic repulsion between sand and bacteria partially reverted the deposition. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) extending from the cell surface into the medium as well as estimated DLVO-type interaction energy curves indicate that cells were trapped at a distance of more than 20 nm from the sand surface. We hypothesize that differences in the LPS coat were responsible forthe fractionation of the bacterial population. Our results indicate that the high travel distances of microorganisms might be due not only to the complex structure of aquifer material but also to heterogeneity in the adhesion properties within the bacterial populations.
Occluded Gait Recognition via Silhouette Registration Guided by Automated Occlusion Degree Estimation

Gait recognition tasks often face significant difficulties caused by partial occlusions of the human body. To address this challenge, we propose a silhouette registration method based on flexible estimation of the spatial scale associated with the occluding elements. Existing appearance-based methods require prior knowledge about the spatial scale of the human body in relation to the input image, or a bounding box that includes the actual full body. In our method, the region corresponding to the silhouette of the body is estimated directly from visible body parts within the image. This estimate is then used to normalize and register the human body by adapting it to the scale of the occlusions. To reduce the occlusion difference between elements of a matching pair, which may lead to substantial intra-subject variation when the difference is large, we use a pairwise mask to extract common visible regions for subsequent feature learning and matching. Experiments on the synthetic occluded OU-MVLP dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which successfully improves recognition performance when matching pairs present occlusion differences. We discuss specific characteristics of the proposed silhouette registration and pairwise masking methods with the aid of detailed quantitative and qualitative evaluations, in the hope of providing useful insights for future research on this topic.
E ﬃ cient Propagation of Sparse Edits on 360 ◦ Panoramas

We present an e ﬃ cient method to propagate sparse user edits indicated by strokes on 360 ◦ panoramas. Our algorithm ﬁrst projects each equirectangular pixel to its corresponding position on a 3D unit sphere, so each pixel can be characterized by a feature vector consisting of its 3D coordinates and RGB color values. We formulate edit propagation as an optimization problem that aims to satisfy the user edit constraints while preserving the manifold structure of the image at the same time. To solve the problem using a linear system e ﬃ ciently, we ﬁrst construct the K-D tree structure in the feature space to cluster pixels. Then we optimize the manifold structure where both the number of nearest neighbors and their corresponding weights are determined by the feature distributions. We further apply a multiresolution strategy to speedup the edit propagation. Our method is the ﬁrst to perform interactive edit propagation on 360 ◦ panoramas. Experiments show that our method is able to generate seam-free and visually pleasing results, and users can receive instant feedback during interactive editing.
EIGENFUNCTION EXPANSIONS OF ULTRADIFFERENTIABLE FUNCTIONS AND ULTRADISTRIBUTIONS IN R

We obtain a characterization of Sp {Mp} (R ) and Sp (Mp) (R ), the general Gelfand-Shilov spaces of ultradifferentiable functions of Roumieu and Beurling type, in terms of decay estimates for the Fourier coefficients of their elements with respect to eigenfunction expansions associated to normal globally elliptic differential operators of Shubin type. Moreover, we show that the eigenfunctions of such operators are absolute Schauder bases for these spaces of ultradifferentiable functions. Our characterization extends earlier results by Gramchev et al. (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 139 (2011), 4361–4368) for Gevrey weight sequences. It also generalizes to R recent results by Dasgupta and Ruzhansky which were obtained in the setting of compact manifolds.
Nutritional status and eating habits of university students in a public institution in Brazil

This article aims to evaluate the eating habits and nutritional status of students who eat at the university restaurant (UR) of a public university in the south of Brazil, with the intention that, through a continuous process of nutritional surveillance, promotion of health strategies can be focused on the main needs of this population. A cross-sectional study evaluated 290 university students, through anthropometry with BMI and Waist Circumference, electrical bioimpedance to estimate body fat percentage and eating habits questionnaire. The sample was divided in three groups of consumption frequency in the UR, 31.7 % being daily consumers, 40.3% frequent consumers and 27.9% being casual consumers. Men corresponded to 57.6% of sampling and the mean age was 23.8 ± 5.64. It was found that 37.6% of the participants had inadequate fat percentage. It was observed sedentary lifestyle and traditionally Brazilian eating habits composed of characteristics recommended by the Ministry of Health, possibly influenced by their access to the UR.
Técnicas de análisis en estudios observacionales en ciencias del deporte

En este trabajo introductorio del numero monografico Analisis de datos en estudios observacionales de Ciencias del Deporte (1): Avances tecnologicos y analiticos, se realiza –desde la logica del metodo cientifico y sus distintas fases- un trazado de las diversas tecnicas de analisis de uso en Metodologia Observacional (MO) y su importancia en el ambito del Deporte. Se realiza una revision en la cual los disenos observacionales condicionan la pauta de analisis, y que ilustraremos citando los principales trabajos que conforman cada uno de ellos. Se analiza el trabajo con un planteamiento de los retos propuestos para el futuro: (1) completar el mapa de analisis de datos con estudios empiricos de analisis de datos hasta ahora no llevados a cabo; (2) realizar avances en las propias tecnicas de analisis, poniendo en relacion aquellas que admiten complementariedad de objetivos; (3) contribuir al desarrollo tecnologico e informatico, que en si mismo es un importante incentivo para avanzar en la creacion de plataformas informaticas; (4) aprovechar la importancia de la fuerza y la consistencia de los mixed-methods.
The Effect of Growth Media on Cucumber Yield and its Uptake of Some Nutrient Elements in Soilless Culture

هديكچ متسيس يظن ددعتم يايازم هب هجوت اب كينوپورديه تشك ياه لوصحم ديلوت ،دركلمع شيازفا ر ملاس رد ،رگراـك هب زاين شهاك و تخاونكي و تسا شرتسگ لاح . متسيس نيا رد ديلوت ندوب زيمآ تيقفوم يارب مهم تاكن زا يكي رتسب عون هب هتسب ،هايگ زاين دروم يياذغ رصانع نيمأت ،اه تسا هايگ دشر هرود يط رد ،تشك . تسب رثا يسررب فده اب شهوژپ نيا طـسوت ميزـينم و ميـساتپ ،نژورتين يياذغ رصانع بذج رب تشك ر هناخلگ رايخ تفرگ تروص يا . ،راميت جنپ اب يفداصت لماك حرط بلاق رد شيامزآ دادعت و راركت راهچ رد ١٠ هـناخلگ رد راركت ره رد هتوب دـش ارـجا ناهفـصا ناگـساروخ دـحاو يملاسا دازآ هاگشناد يتاقيقحت . سـب جنـپ لماـش اـهراميت ،صلاـخ تـيپوكوك لماـش تـشاك رت تيلرپ تيپوكوك ) يمجح تبسن هب ٥٠ ٥٠ ( تيلرپ ، – تيپوكوك تيپ سام يـمجح تبسـن ود اب ) ٥٠ ٢٠ ٣٠ و ٥٠ ٣٠ ٢٠ ( تـيلرپ و تيپ سام ) يمجح تبسن هب ٥٠ ٥٠ ( دندوب . هاـيگ درـكلمع و ميزـينم و ميساتپ ،نژورتين تظلغ ،تشك ياهرتسب ييايميشوكيزيف تايصوصخ هزادنا دش يريگ . دركلمع ظاحل زا هك داد ناشن جياتن ،رايخ لوصحم ينعم فلاتخا دشـن هدـيد تـشاك فلتخم ياهرتسب نيب يراد . فلاتـخا ينعم يراد ) حطس رد ٥ دصرد ( تسيز ظاحل زا دش هدهاشم هايگ هدوت . تسيز نيرتشيب هك يروط هب و تـيپوكوك تشـك رتسـب رد هاـيگ هدوت تيلرپ هب تيپوكوك دمآ تسد . يب هتوب ن ينعم فلاتخا ،فلتخم ياهرتسب رد هدرك دشر رايخ ياه و ميـساتپ ،نژورـتين تـظلغ ظاحل زا يراد دشن هدهاشم ميزينم . دش هدهاشم تيپوكوك رد ،يرادرب هنومن موس و مود لحارم رد ميساتپ و نژورتين تظلغ نيرتشيب ،دوجو نيا اب . ميزـينم هنومن مود و لوا لحارم رد هايگ رد ،يرادرب دوب رتشيب نآ دوبمك ينارحب تظلغ زا اهرتسب يمامت . يياذـغ رصانع تظلغ نيرتهب ،يلك روط هب هب تيپوكوك تشك رتسب رد دركلمع و يم هك دمآ تسد متسيس رد رايخ بسانم تشك رتسب ناونع هب دناوت دوش هدافتسا كينوپورديه ياه .
Unfreezing Taylor’s Hypothesis for Precipitation

AbstractSince the seminal work of Zawadzki in the seventies, the so-called Taylor’s “frozen” hypothesis has been regularly used to study the statistical properties of rainfall patterns. This hypothesis yields a drastic simplification in terms of symmetry of the space–time structure—the large-scale advection velocity is the conversion factor used to link the time and space autocorrelation functions (ACFs) of the small-scale variability. This study revisits the frozen hypothesis with a geostatistical model. Using analytical developments and numerical simulations tuned on available case studies from the literature, the role of large- and small-scale rainfall kinematics on the properties of the space–time ACF and associated fluctuations is investigated. In particular, the merits and limits of the ACF signature classically used to test the frozen hypothesis are examined. The conclusion is twofold. Taylor’s hypothesis, understood as the quest for a space–time symmetry in rain field variability, remains importan.
Padua Research Archive - Institutional Repository

Researchers and policymakers emphasize that people’s involvement in forest management can secure their support of conservation initiatives. However, the evidence on the effectiveness of top-down participation is weak. This study uses cross-sectional household data from 16 villages in the buffer zone of Pench Tiger Reserve (Madhya Pradesh) in India to contribute to the evidence base of such assumption. Using a propensity score matching to control for observable bias, we evaluate the effects of two state-driven incentive-based participatory projects, i.e. the Joint Forest Management and Ecodevel-opment, on selected social outcomes. Speciﬁcally, we measured local people conservation knowledge, biodiversity attitudes as well as trust in and satisfaction with the tiger reserve management authorities. We found that the effects of participatory management on conservation knowledge were positive, but negligible. We found no signiﬁcant effects on local people’s biodiversity attitudes, trust and satisfaction with the tiger reserve management authorities. Top-down and externally induced participation may explain our results. Our ﬁndings clearly indicate that the effectiveness of participatory conservation interventions is conditional on the level and nature of local participation. Top-down participatory projects may not be sufﬁcient to generate local support of conservation and in some cases, they may even exacerbate local conﬂicts.
Geoscience of Climate and Energy 13. The Environmental Hydrogeology of the Oil Sands, Lower Athabasca Area, Alberta

Shallow fresh groundwater and deep saline groundwater are used together with surface water in the extraction of bitumen from the Athabasca Oil Sands both in the surface mining and in situ operations. However, increasing efficiencies in processing technologies have reduced water use substantially and currently at least 75% of the water used in most operations is recycled water. Much concern has been expressed regarding contamination of surface waters by seepage from tailings ponds, but hydrogeological studies indicate that this is not happening; that seepage capture design is effective. Oil sands mining and in situ project licensing and operation regulations include Environmental Impact Assessments that mandate considerable hydrogeological measurement and monitoring work. However, little of this is independently evaluated for accuracy or synthesized and interpreted for the public. Recent changes in Alberta environmental regulation, including the establishment of the Alberta Environmental Monitoring Management Board (in October 2012) are expected to bring new transparency to environmental management of Oil Sands operations. SOMMAIRE On utilise conjointement des eaux douce de faibles profondeur, des eaux souterraines salines profondes avec des eaux de surface dans l'extraction du bitume des sables bitumineux de l'Athabasca, tant dans le procede d’extraction in situ qu’en surface. Par ailleurs, l’accroissement de l'efficacite des technologies de traitement a considerablement reduit la consommation d'eau et, a l’heure actuelle, au moins 75% de l'eau utilisee dans la majorite des operations est de l'eau recyclee. Beaucoup d’inquietude a ete exprimee concernant la contamination des eaux de surface par la percolation des eaux des bassins de decantation des residus, mais des etudes hydrogeologiques indiquent que ce n'est pas le cas, et que le concept de capture des infiltrations est efficace. L’octroi de permis d’exploitation ainsi que les procedes d’exploitation des sables bitumineux, par extraction en surface ou in situ , comportent des evaluations d’impact sur les milieux de vie, est assorti de mandats elabores de mesures hydrologiques et de suivi. Cela dit, peu de ces mesures sont evaluees de maniere independante quant a leur exactitude, leur mise en forme et leur interpretation pour le grand public. Les changements recents dans la reglementation environnementale en Alberta, y compris la mise en place du Alberta Environmental Monitoring Management Board (en Octobre 2012) devraient aboutir a une nouvelle transparence de la gestion environnementale de l'exploitation des sables bitumineux. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.12789/geocanj.2013. 40.016
Macrophages use a bet-hedging strategy for antimicrobial activity in phagolysosomal acidification

Microbial ingestion by a macrophage results in the formation of an acidic phagolysosome but the host cell has no information on the pH susceptibility of the ingested organism. This poses a problem for the macrophage and raises the fundamental question of how the phagocytic cell optimizes the acidification process to prevail. We analyzed the dynamical distribution of phagolysosomal pH in murine and human macrophages that had ingested live or dead Cryptococcus neoformans cells, or inert beads. Phagolysosomal acidification produced a range of pH values that approximated normal distributions, but these differed from normality depending on ingested particle type. Analysis of the increments of pH reduction revealed no forbidden ordinal patterns, implying that the phagosomal acidification process was a stochastic dynamical system. Using simulation modeling, we determined that by stochastically acidifying a phagolysosome to a pH within the observed distribution, macrophages sacrificed a small amount of overall fitness to gain the benefit of reduced variation in fitness. Hence, chance in the final phagosomal pH introduces unpredictability to the outcome of the macrophage-microbe, which implies a bet-hedging strategy that benefits the macrophage. While bet hedging is common in biological systems at the organism level, our results show its use at the organelle and cellular level. Research Article Cell biology Immunology
Prediction of Swelling Pressure for Compacted Expansive Soils

This study aims to predict swelling pressure in compacted clay from given soil index parameters such as dry density, water content, void ratio, clay content and plasticity index. Three different clay samples were prepared with varying water contents and dry densities. The swell-consolidation method was used to measure the swelling pressure, Ps. Analysis of the tests results demonstrates very clearly a strong linear relationship of Ps with the Factor of initial soil state, Fi, combination of water content, dry density and void ratio. The coefficients of this linear relationship (i.e. constant and slope) were found to depend on plasticity index and clay content. It is shown that predicted values of swelling pressure obtained from the proposed relationship agree closely with the experimental results of this study and those reported in the literature.
Non-addive polygenic models improve predic�ons of ﬁtness traits in three eukaryote model species

To describe a living organism it is o�en said that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”. In gene�cs, we may also think that the eﬀect of mul�ple muta�ons on an organism is greater than their addi�ve individual eﬀect, a phenomenon called epistasis or mul�plicity. Despite the last decade’s discovery that many disease-and ﬁtness-related traits are polygenic, or controlled by many gene�c variants, it is s�ll debated whether the eﬀects of individual genes combine addi�vely or not. Here we develop a ﬂexible likelihood framework for genome-wide associa�ons to ﬁt complex traits such as ﬁtness under both addi�ve and non-addive polygenic architectures. Analyses of simulated datasets under diﬀerent true addi�ve, mul�plica�ve, or other epista�c models, conﬁrm that our method can iden�fy global non-addive selec�on. Applying the model to experimental datasets of wild type lines of Arabidopsis thaliana , Drosophila melanogaster , and Saccharomyces cerevisiae , we ﬁnd that ﬁtness is o�en best explained with non-addive polygenic models. Instead, a mul�plica�ve polygenic model appears to be�er explain ﬁtness in some experimental environments. The sta�s�cal models presented here have the poten�al to improve predic�on of phenotypes, such as disease suscep�bility, over
The changing ecosystem of Lake Victoria, East Africa

Dramatic changes are occurring in the Lake Victoria ecosystem. Two-thirds of the endemic haplochromine cichlid species, of international interest for studies of evolution, have disappeared, an event associated with the sudden population explosion of piscivorous Nile perch (Lates: order Perciformes, family Centropomidae) introduced to the lake some thirty years ago. The total fish yield has, however, increased 5-fold from 1970 to 1990, but this yield is now dominated by just three fish species: the introduced Nile perch (lates niloticus, see below*), Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ), and a small endemic pelagic cyprinid ( Rastrineobola argentea ); these three have replaced a multispecies fishery. Contemporaneously the lake is becoming increasingly eutrophic with associated deoxygenation of the bottom waters, thereby reducing fish habitats. Conditions appear to be unstable. There is now an urgent need for intensive limnological studies to understand the relationships between these events, and to learn from this unintended large-scale field experiment how to manage the lake to avoid further loss of biodiversity and destruction of fisheries.