Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematic studies of Oryzomyine rodents (Muridae, Sigmodontinae): diagnoses and distributions of species formerly assigned to Oryzomys 'capito'

We describe the morphological species boundaries and geographic distributions of 10 Neotropical Oryzomys based on analyses of museum specimens (skins and skulls, examples preserved in fluid, chromosomal spreads, and information about collection sites from skin tags, field catalogs, and other sources). These species have been regarded as members of an Oryzomys capito complex and for a long time were consolidated into a single entity identified as O. capito. Our study documents the following: 1. Defining the limits of species within the O. capito complex first requires a comprehensive review and rigorous definition of O. capito itself. We consider Fischer’s (1814) Mus megacephalus to be valid and available, designate a neotype to bear the name, and reinstate it as a senior synonym of capito Olfers (1818). We then provide a working definition of O. megacephalus and its close relative, O. laticeps, derived from analyses of morphometric variation, estimates of geographic distributions, and evaluations of synonyms. In our view, O. megacephalus occurs in Amazonia but also extends into eastern Paraguay; its synonyms are capito Olfers (1818), cephalotes Desmarest (1819), velutinus Allen and Chapman (1893), goeldi Thomas (1897), modestus Allen (1899), and perenensis Allen (1901). Oryzomys laticeps Lund (1840) occurs in the Atlantic Forest region of eastern Brazil. We designate a lectotype for laticeps and allocate the names saltator Winge (1887) and oniscus Thomas
Targets of Elf5 in Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells

The Placenta is an essential organ for all mammalian embryonic development as it provides the nutritional link between maternal and foetal blood streams. The cells which go on to proliferate and contribute to all the major cell types of the embryo derived placenta have been located to the trophoblast (TE) cells overlying the Inner Cell Mass (ICM) of the embryo. Immortal cell lines have been subsequentially derived from this tissue and called Trophoblast Stem (TS) cells. In parallel with their in vivo counterparts they are also reliant on Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FgF4) (Tanaka et al., 1998) and Activin/Nodal signalling (Guzman-Ayala et al., 2004). The Ets family transcription factor, Elf5, has been shown to be specifically expressed in the early placental trophoblast and subsequent derived tissues. Mice deficient in Elf5 failed to form a placenta post implantation. Furthermore TS cells were unable to be derived from Elf5 knockout embryos (Donnison et al., 2005). This work suggested that Elf5 plays an essential role in TS cells and their differentiation. The aim of this study was to determine the downstream target genes of Elf5 in mouse TS cells. The target genes of Fgf4 and Activin/Nodal signalling in TS cells were also investigated. This work is hoped to contribute to an overall greater understanding of the molecular networks underlying TS cell maintenance and to contribute to our knowledge of early placental development. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted reduction of Elf5 mRNA expression in mTS cells was achieved using two independent siRNAs; with Elf5 reduction exceeding 80%. The resulting changes in gene expression were measured in order to determine the downstream targets of Elf5. Selected genes known to be important for trophoblast differentiation and maintenance were measured using real-time PCR in a candidate gene approach . Global changes in gene expression as a consequence of Elf5 silencing were measured using an Affymetrix microarray. Global changes in gene expression due to growth factor (Fgf4 and/or Activin) removal were also measured. Expression of 22 genes was changed using either of the Elf5 siRNA oligonucleotides. Of these, 9 were also significantly changed by growth factor removal. Included in this set were Synopl,
Liver abscessation in pasture based beef bulls of New Zealand

ii Declaration and statement of original authorship . vi Table of contents . vii List of tables . xiv List of figures . xxiii List of plates . xxviii List of commonly used symbols and abbreviations . xxxii List of commonly used unit abbreviations . xxxvi List of bacterial type strains used in this thesis. xxxvii CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION: THE BEEF INDUSTRY IN NEW ZEALAND . 1 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW . 8 2.
Isolated of Bacillus Cereus in Chicken Meat and Investigation β-Lactamase Antibiotic-Resistant in Bacillus Cereus from Chicken Meat

Background: Bacillus cereus is an opportunistic pathogen one of the major causing food poisoning, manifested by diarrhea or emetic syndrome. The present study undertaken to isolation B. cereus by Phenotype & Genotype; characterization of β-lactamase from B. cereus strain isolated from raw chicken meat. B. cereus produces a broad-spectrum β-lactamase and it is one of the potential Pathogenic reasons that makes the strains resistant, the blm β-lactamase is a gene that has the ability to resist. Materials and Methods: A total 250 sample collected from Breast, Tight, Wing, Liver and Gizzard of Raw Chicken from Sanandaj of Iran by PEMPA selective media, 39 B. cereus Isolated by 7, β-lactamse discs examined by antibiogram method, DNA extraction by CTAB and, the resistance strain checked for blm β-lactamse Resistance Gene by PCR. Result: The isolates of B. Cereus (15.6%) from chicken meat were highest resistance to Penicillin, Cloxacilin, Cephalexin (100%) and the least in Ampicillin (13%). 76.4% of the isolated Bacillus cereus has been blm. Discussion: This study examines the prevalence of B. cereus in chicken meat. The estimate that the poultry slaughterhouse contaminated with Bacillus cereus and will find its presence in the environment, can induce illness, The accessibility of appropriate protocols for treatment with β-lactamase antibiotics that comprise the bulk of antibiotics to use in clinics, poultry flocks and veterinary.
EFFECT OF SOME POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS ON ROSEMARY HERB QUALITY

The present investigation was conducted during the two seasons of 2011-2012 and 20122013 at North Sinai Agriculture Research Station – Med. and Aroma. Dept., El-Arish City, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt to study the effect of drying method, package type and storage period on essential oil percentage and their main components and total microbial count on rosemary herbs. Results of this study indicated that Shade drying treatment gave the highest oil (%) followed by oven drying method at 40oC compared to sun drying. While lowest total microbes count (TMC) occurred with oven drying. The best package type through storage period was carton boxes; increasing storage period decreased the volatile oil percentage and the most of main components but increased total microbial count.
EGYPTIAN ISOLATES OF PAPAYA RINGSPOT VIRUS FORM A MOLECULARLY DISTINCT CLADE

SUMMARY A survey to determine the incidence in open field squash (Cucurbita pepo) of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) in Kafrelsheikh governorate regions (Balteem, Shabah, Kafrelsheikh and Sheno) was carried out in 2009 and 2010. The most commonly observed symptoms were mosaic, malformation such as blisters and narrow leaf blades and malformed fruits. The identification of PRSV by ELISA showed that the virus was highly distributed in squash fields with an incidence higher than 50%. Egyptian isolates of PRSV were easily transmitted by mechanical inoculation and by Myzus persicae. Flexuous particles were observed in leaf dip preparations and pinwheels and scrolls were seen in thin sections of diseased squash tissue. The RT-PCR amplified partial coat protein (CP) gene was sequenced from eight Egyptian PRSV isolates. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Egyptian isolates grouped together in a distinct clade. Comparison with PRSV sequences retrieved from GenBank presented nucleotide identities in the range of 87.5-97.1% and close relationships of the Egyptian isolates with the two Venezuelan isolates of the so-called type-P, Sucre-ElMuco and Merida6, and to the Mexican and USA isolates. This is the first report on the incidence and characterization of PRSV in Egypt.
EFFECT OF CEO POWER ON MALAYSIAN FIRM PERFORMANCE

This study extends the literature understanding on the role of CEO on firm performance by providing more precise measurement of CEO power. Firm performance is measured using Tobin Q measure and ROA. CEO power is being proxied by using three different variables which are founder dummy, duality dummy and degree of shares ownership. The sample study involves public listed companies in Malaysia ranging from year 2001 until year 2012. The regression results show that founder CEO and CEO ownership do show negative and significant effect on Tobin Q. This is consistent with our hypothesis which suggests that when a company with CEO that possess high power, the firm performance will become deteriorate due to agency concern. All four control variables, which are firm size, firm age, leverage and number of segment show significant effects on Tobin Q. The findings remain significant even when financial crises were controlled.
Detection of exfoliative toxin in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from skins of healthy dogs and dogs with skin lesions

Bu calismada farkli irk, yas ve cinsiyetteki 50 saglikli ve 50 deri lezyonu bulunan kopegin burun ve derilerinden izole edilen stafilokok turlerinde eksfoliatif toksin varliginin belirlenmesi, izole edilen stafilokok turlerinin kopeklerdeki burun boslugunda etken tasiyiciliginin arastirilmasi amaclandi. Toplanan 200 deri ve burun orneginden 135’inde S. intermedius (% 67.5), 12’sinde S. aureus (% 6), 2’sinde S. chromogenes (% 1) ve 1’inde S. capitis (% 0.5) saptanirken 50 (% 25) ornekte ureme olmadigi goruldu. Izole edilen stafilokoklardan, 2 S. chromogenes ve 1 S. capitis izolatinda eksfoliatif toksin varligi belirlenemedi ancak 54 S. intermedius izolatinin fenotipik olarak, 12 S. aureus izolatinin ise hem fenotipik hem de genotipik olarak eksfoliatif toksin urettigi saptandi. Sonuc olarak, bu calismada izole edilen S. intermedius ve S. aureus’larin eksfoliatif toksin sentezleyebildikleri gosterilmis olup yuksek izolasyon oranlarindan dolayi kanin piyodermalarin etiyolojisinde rol aldiklari ve burun boslugunda etken tasiyiciliginin onemli oldugu gorusu desteklendi. Bu calismada ilk defa, ayni kopegin hem derisinden hem de burun mukozasindan ornek alinarak ureyen stafilokok turleri karsilastirilmis ve yine ilk defa bu calismada, kopek derisinden izole edilen S. aureus suslarinin eksfoliatif toksin sentezledigi belirlenmistir
How many otters are there in Italy

Abstract Mapping available data about otter ( Lutra lutra ) distribution according to the 10x10 km grid of the IGMI (Italian Geographical Military Institute) national maps on the scale of 1:25000, we evaluated a current otter range of 9900 km 2 , disjoined in two areas: Molise region in central Italy, and Basilicata, Campania, Calabria and Apulia in southern Italy. Considering the results of an otter genetic census performed in the Pollino National Park and surroundings (southern Italy) in 2004, we extrapolated the values of otter density found (0.18-0.20 otters/km of watercourse) to the overall Italian otter range and to the linear development of the watercourses hosting otters (3313 km). The correspondent estimates of the Italian population size amounted to, respectively, 481-523 and 596-663 otters. Considering a correction factor based on the mean sprainting intensity reported, since 2000, for each catchment hosting otters, the estimated population size was reduced to 229-257 otters. We argue that a new extensive otter survey is urgently needed and that monitoring by non-invasive genetic sampling is recommended in order to define the population status and trend. Riassunto Quante lontre ci sono in Italia? I dati disponibili relativamente alla distribuzione della Lontra ( Lutra lutra ) in Italia, sono stati mappati secondo il reticolo 10 x 10 km IGMI (Istituto Geografico Militare Italiano) in scala 1:25000, ottenendo un areale complessivo di 9900 km 2 , suddiviso tra il Molise (Italia centrale) e Puglia, Campania, Basilicata e Calabria (Italia meridionale). I valori di densita della specie (0,18 – 0,20 lontre/km di fiume) ottenuti nel 2004 in un’ampia area, perlopiu compresa nel Parco Nazionale del Pollino, sono quindi stati estrapolati alla superficie complessiva dell’areale italiano e alla lunghezza totale dei corsi d’acqua attualmente frequentati dalla Lontra (3313 km). La consistenza della popolazione italiana oscillerebbe tra, rispettivamente, 481-523 e 596-663 lontre. Applicando un fattore di correzione basato sull’intensita di marcamento (numero di feci/km) rilevata per ogni bacino fluviale, la popolazione complessiva viene ridotta a 229-257 lontre. Questi tentativi evidenziano la carenza di dati attendibili sullo status della specie in Italia, suggerendo la necessita di un censimento a livello nazionale che affianchi ai metodi di rilevamento standard le recenti tecniche non invasive di analisi del DNA.
Nutritional evaluation of whole banana plant in cattle

Six crossbred bullocks (334.3±13.9 kg b.wt.) were fed chopped banana plants ad lib. for a period of 15 days and there after a metabolism trial was conducted. Average DM intake was 1.26 kg/100 kg body weight. Bullocks consumed 4.9, 3.6 and 40.5 g CP, DCP and TDN/kg W0.75, respecttvely. The digestibility coefficients were 78.0,80.8,73.7,70.9,88.6 and 78.6 for DM, OM, CP, EE, CF and NFE, respectively. The balances of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus were positive. The whole banana plants (stem and leaves) contained 6.4% DCP and 75.0% TDN, on DM basis. Bullocks maintained their body weight, however, incidences of diarrhoea were observed. The feeding of whole banana plants (stem and leaves) will meet the maintenance requirement of cattle.
A phylogeny of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), using recent Ethiopian collections and a broad selection of publicly available DNA sequence data

Sand flies in the psychodid subfamily Phlebotominae carry important human pathogens in the trypanosomatid protozoan genus Leishmania (Cupolillo). Despite the fact that hundreds of sequences for this group are now publicly available, they constitute different sets of taxa and genetic markers. Integrating these data to construct a molecular phylogeny of the family is a significant bioinformatics challenge. We used sequences of eight markers obtained from freshly collected sand flies from Ethiopia and combined them with over 1300 publicly available sequences, performing a combined analysis after generating single terminal sequences from ancestral reconstructions for some individual markers. The resulting phylogeny had 113 terminals and recovered Phlebotominae and certain species groups as monopheletic. Although the 20 outgroups in Psychodinae were recovered as a well‐resolved clade with bootstrap support for many internal clades, Phlebotominae was recovered as several lineages with unclear relationships among them. However, phlebotomines clustered by geographic region, the most notable being all the New World species except Brumptomyia (Galati), which were recovered as monophyletic. Our phylogeny suggests a Sub‐Saharan African or South Asian origin for the subfamily, which subsequently expanded to the north and west, and eventually to the New World. Supported species groups are often composed of widespread species with overlapping ranges. This result highlights the need for a large increase in the amount and diversity of molecular sequence data, and a broad selection of terminals, to test taxonomic hypotheses and examine speciation processes in this important group of flies.
Efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada sobre el crecimiento en vivero de Cocuy (Agave cocui Trelease) Effect to the nitrogenous fertilization on the growth in nursery of Cocuy (Agave cocui Trelease)

Because of the importance of the cocuy (Agave cocui Trelease) crop in the arid zone of the occident of Venezuela, we evaluated the effect of ammonium nitrate (0, 0.5 and 1 g.L -1 ) on their development in nursery stage. The plant material was collected in Bobare, Lara state. Variables evaluated: number of leaves, lateral range, shoot and root fresh weight, root number and maximum
PCR-RFLP studies on insulin like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP 3) gene in sheep.

INTRODUCTION Insulin like growth factors (IGFs) I and II are peptides isolated originally from human serum and play a major role in mammalian growth and regenerative process and mediates many biological effects of growth hormone. Thus, it has very important role in growth and development of the animals. IGFs which are genetically controlled by genes, in fact require other vital factors like binding proteins (BPs) and receptors (REs) for their action. IGFBP 3 is a primary plasma protein, which contains most of the IGFs in circulation. The bovine IGFBP 3 gene has been cloned and characterised (Spratt et al., 1991) and was reported to be 1583 bp long (Macuilla et al., 1997). Reports are vary scanty on the study of IGFBP 3 gene in livestock and only two reports are available i.e. on exotic cattle. This has not been reported so far in sheep by PCR-RFLP on any other molecular technique. Keeping these facts in mind the present study was undertaken to study restriction site polymorphism in insulin like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP 3) gene using PCR-RFLP technique in various breeds of sheep.
The Role of Job Satisfaction as Mediator Between Human Resource Practices and Employees' Performance Among the Cargos' Employees at Saudi Ports Authority Based on the Motivation Theories

Saudi ports, which are one of the busiest seaports in the world and the biggest ports in the Middle East region, have recently encountered a critical problem of overstock or accumulation of goods. It is imperative that these ports have the capacity to release cargoes and goods timely. However, the inadequacy in human resource practices has resulted in dissatisfaction and low performance among cargo employees. Moreover, the relationships of human resource practices, job satisfaction, and job performance within the context of Middle East region, remain underexplored. Addressing that, this study will evaluate the mediating effect of job satisfaction in the relationship between human resource practices (i.e., training and development, reward, job analysis, recruitment and selection, social support, employee relations, and employeesâ€™ empowerment) and job performance among cargo employees in Saudi Ports Authority with respect to Adamsâ€™ Equity Theory and Maslowâ€™s Hierarchy of Needs using the questionnaire survey approach.
Existing grazing and supplementary feeding practices of goats in semi-arid Rajasthan.

The present study was conducted to investigate management practices adopted by goat keepers in Jaipur district of Rajasthan. Out of 240 farmers, 88.33% farmers supplemented with dry fodder while only 30.83% supplemented with green fodder to their goats. Grain supplementation to lactating goats was adopted by 79.19%. Concentrate mixture was usually provided @ 200–300 g / day to lactating goats by 56.84% of farmers. Practice of providing mineral mixture and common salt to goats was adopted by 7.08% and 25.42% of farmers. The duration of daily grazing of flock ranged significantly (P<0.01) from 7.67±0.06 hr (winter) to 9.88±0.10 hr (summer). Flock size had significant Association with supplementation of dry fodder, type and quantity of concentrate feed, duration of grazing and use of common salt. Thus there is need to create awareness regarding scientific feeding practices in order to improve the productivity of goats.
Phosphorus biogeochemistry in subtropical ecosystems

Global Issues: Sources and Sinks Global Issues of Phosphorus in Terrestrial Ecosystems - A.N. Sharpley The Role of Wetlands in Storage, Release, and Cycling of Phosphorus on the Landscape: A 25 Year Retrospective - C.J. Richardson Global Issues of Phosphorus in Aquatic Systems - P. Brezonik Phosphorus in Florida's Environment: Analysis of Current Issues - K.R. Reddy, E. Lowe, and T. Fontaine Introduction to Soils of Subtropical Florida - W.G. Harris and W. Hurt Biogeochemical Transformations Inorganic Forms of Phosphorus in Water, Soil and Sediments - D.A. Graetz Phosphorus Sorption/Desorption Reactions on Soils and Sediments - D. Rhue and W.G. Harris Forms of Organic Phosphorus in Water, soils, and Sediments - S. Newman and J.S. Robinson Organic Phosphorus Mineralization in Soils and Sediments - R.G. Wetzal Biogeochemical Responses Influence of Phosphorus Loading on Microbial Processes in Soil and Water Column of Wetlands - K.R. Reddy and J.R. White Effects of Phosphorus Enrichment on Structure and Function of Plant Communities in Florida Wetlands - S. Miao and W.F. DeBusk Influence of Phosphorus Loading on Wetland Periphyton Assemblages: A Case Study from the Everglades - P. McCormick and L. Scinto Assessing Nutrient Limitation and Trophic State in Florida Lakes - C.L. Schelske, F.J. Aldridge and W.F. Kenney Transport Processes Hydrologic Processes Influencing Phosphorus Transformations and Transport - K.L. Campbell and J.C. Capece Transport of Phosphorus in Wetlands - R.H. Kadlec Effects of Hydrodynamics on Phosphorus Dynamics - P. Sheng Phosphorus Management Phosphorus Management in Flatwood (Spodosols) Soils - A.B. Bottcher, T.K. Tremwel and K.L Campbell Phosphorus Management in Organic (Histosols) Soils - F. Izuno and P.J. Whalen Long-Term Water Quality Trends in the Everglades - W.W. Walker Techniques for Optimizing Phosphorus Removal in Treatment Wetlands - T.A. DeBusk and F.E. Dierberg Phosphorus Retention by the Everglades Nutrient Removal Project: An Everglades Stormwater Treatment Area - M.Z. Moustafa, S, Newman, T.D. Fontaine, M.J. Chimney, and T.C. Kosier The Role of Phosphorus Reduction and Export in the Restoration of Lake Apopka - L.E. Battoe, M.F. Coveney, E.F. Lowe, and D.F. Stites Phosphorus on Lake Okeechobee: Sources, sinks, and Strategies - A.D. Steinman, K.E. Havens, N.G. Aumen, R.T. James, K.R. Jin, J. Zhang, and B.H. Rosen Phosphorus Loading and Surface Water Quality in Florida Bay - J.N. Boyer and R.D. Jones Synthesis Management Models to Evaluate Phosphorus Transport Form Watersheds - K.L. Campbell Ecosystem Analysis of Phosphorus Impacts in South Florida - F. Sklar Management Models to Evaluate Phosphorus Impacts on Wetlands - R.H. Kadlec and W.W. Walker Management Models to Evaluate Phosphorus Loads In Lakes - S. Chapra and M. Auer Policy Implications to Phosphorus Management in Florida Ecosystems - J. Brooks