Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes After Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Treating Articular Cartilage Defects: Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-analysis of Studies From 2001 to 2020

Background: Osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) treats symptomatic focal cartilage defects with satisfactory clinical results. Purpose: To comprehensively analyze the characteristics and clinical outcomes of OCA for treating articular cartilage defects. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We searched Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Database, and Web of Science for studies published between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2020, on OCA for treating articular cartilage defects. Publication information, patient data, osteochondral allograft storage details, and clinical outcomes were extracted to conduct a comprehensive summative analysis. Results: In total, 105 studies involving 5952 patients were included. The annual reported number of patients treated with OCA increased from 69 in 2001 to 1065 in 2020, peaking at 1504 cases in 2018. Most studies (90.1%) were performed in the United States. The mean age at surgery was 34.2 years, and 60.8% of patients were male and had a mean body mass index of 26.7 kg/m2. The mean lesion area was 5.05 cm2, the mean follow-up duration was 54.39 months, the mean graft size was 6.85 cm2, and the number of grafts per patient was 54.7. The failure rate after OCA was 18.8%, and 83.1% of patients reported satisfactory results. Allograft survival rates at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years were 94%, 87.9%, 80%, 73%, 55%, and 59.4%, respectively. OCA was mainly performed on the knee (88.9%). The most common diagnosis in the knee was osteochondritis dissecans (37.9%), and the most common defect location was the medial femoral condyle (52%). The most common concomitant procedures were high tibial osteotomy (28.4%) and meniscal allograft transplantation (24.7%). After OCA failure, 54.7% of patients underwent revision with primary total knee arthroplasty. Conclusion: The annual reported number of patients who underwent OCA showed a significant upward trend, especially from 2016 to 2020. Patients receiving OCA were predominantly young male adults with a high body mass index. OCA was more established for knee cartilage than an injury at other sites, and its best indication was osteochondritis dissecans. This analysis demonstrated satisfactory long-term postoperative outcomes.
Clinical, Economic, and Humanistic Outcomes Associated with Obesity Among People with Bipolar I Disorder in the United States: Analysis of National Health and Wellness Survey Data

Introduction People living with bipolar I disorder (BD-I) have an increased risk for obesity compared with the general population that may be related to genetic, lifestyle, and treatment factors. Few studies have examined possible effects of obesity on those living with BD-I. This study examined relationships between obesity and clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes among adults with BD-I. Methods This retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzed survey responses from a nationally representative sample of US adults participating in the 2016 or 2020 National Health and Wellness Survey. Respondents (18–64 years) with a self-reported physician diagnosis of BD-I were included and categorized by body mass index: underweight/normal weight (<25 kg/m2), overweight (25 to <30 kg/m2), or obese (≥30 kg/m2). Adjusted analyses assessed comorbidities, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), work productivity, health care resource utilization (HCRU), and economic outcomes. Results In total, responses from 1,853 participants were analyzed; most were female (65%) and white (62%). Respondents with obesity had the highest prevalence of medical comorbidities, including high blood pressure (52%), sleep apnea (37%), hypercholesterolemia (34%), and type 2 diabetes (12%). Obesity was generally associated with the lowest scores of physical health and HRQoL. Activity impairment scores were highest among respondents with obesity, as were numbers of hospitalizations and emergency department visits in the previous 6 months. Respondents with obesity incurred higher annual indirect and direct medical costs ($28,178 and $37,771, respectively) when compared with the underweight/normal weight ($23,823 and $32,227, respectively) and overweight ($24,312 and $35,231, respectively) groups. Conclusion In this nationally representative sample, obesity was associated with several outcomes that may negatively affect people living with BD-I, including medical comorbidities, higher HCRU, HRQoL impairments, and greater indirect and direct medical costs. These findings highlight the importance of considering the presence of or risk for obesity and associated medical comorbidities when treating BD-I.
Fugulin scale for classifying pediatric patients in a respiratory inpatient unit: experience report

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the use of the Fugulin scale to classify pediatric patients hospitalized in a respiratory unit as a subsidy for the allocation of human resources given the increase in cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Method: Experience report conducted in a children’s hospital in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba with data collection from medical records and approved by the Institution and by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: Between February and May 2022, the percentage of patients categorized in minimal and intermediate care decreased by 53 and 11.4%, respectively, while those in high dependency and semi-intensive care expanded by 31.2 and 84.2%. In addition, in just four months, there was a considerable increase in the positivity of virologies compared to the twelve months of 2021. The susceptibility of children to the development of severe respiratory infection was proven through the decrease in virologies with undetectable results. Conclusion: The results obtained allowed us to conclude there was a significant increase in the complexity of patients admitted to the respiratory unit, showing it is essential to provide a nursing team compatible with the care needs.
Energy flow in men’s javelin throw and its relationship to joint load and performance

Background Performance in javelin throwing is dependent on the release speed and therefore the energy transferred to the javelin. Little is known about the flow of mechanical energy in javelin throwing and whether there is a connection to joint loading and throwing performance. The purpose of the study was therefore to investigate (1) the energy flow within the kinetic chain of the throwing arm, (2) how it is related to performance and joint loads and (3) how joint forces and torques are used to transfer, generate and absorb mechanical energy. Methods The kinematics of 10 experienced javelin throwers were recorded using a 12-camera infrared system. 16 markers were placed on the athlete’s body, five on the javelin to track the movement of each segment. A segmental power analysis was carried out to calculate energy flow between upper body, upper arm, forearm and hand. Stepwise regression analysis was used to calculate the variable that best predicts release speed and joint loads. Results The results indicate that the higher the peak rate of energy transfer from the thorax to the humerus, the higher the release speed and the joint loads. While there were no differences between the peak rate of energy transfer in the different joints, the energy transferred differed depending on whether joint forces or torques were used. It can be further shown that higher joint torques and thus higher rotational kinetics at the shoulder are linked to higher release speeds. Thus, the movements of the upper body can be of great influence on the result in javelin throwing. Furthermore, the data show that athletes who are able to transfer more energy through the shoulder, rather than generate it, experience a smaller joint loading. An effective technique for improved energy transfer can thus help perform at the same level while lowering joint stress or have higher performance at the same joint loading.
Severe hematotoxicity after CD19 CAR-T therapy is associated with suppressive immune dysregulation and limited CAR-T expansion

Prolonged cytopenias after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy are a significant clinical problem and the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated how (CAR) T cell expansion dynamics and serum proteomics affect neutrophil recovery phenotypes after CD19-directed CAR T cell therapy. Survival favored patients with “intermittent” neutrophil recovery (e.g., recurrent neutrophil dips) compared to either “quick” or “aplastic” recovery. While intermittent patients displayed increased CAR T cell expansion, aplastic patients exhibited an unfavorable relationship between expansion and tumor burden. Proteomics of patient serum collected at baseline and in the first month after CAR-T therapy revealed higher markers of endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory cytokines, macrophage activation, and T cell suppression in the aplastic phenotype group. Prolonged neutrophil aplasia thus occurs in patients with systemic immune dysregulation at baseline with subsequently impaired CAR-T expansion and myeloid-related inflammatory changes. The association between neutrophil recovery and survival outcomes highlights critical interactions between host hematopoiesis and the immune state stimulated by CAR-T infusion.
UV core dimming in coronal streamer belt and the projection effects

During solar minimum activity, the coronal structure is dominated by a tilted streamer belt, associated with the sources of the slow solar wind. It is known that some UV coronal spectral observations show a quite evident core dimming in heavy ions emission in quiescent streamers. In this paper, our purpose is to investigate this phenomenon by comparing observed and simulated UV coronal ion spectral line intensities. First, we computed the emissivities and the intensities of HI Lyα and OVI spectral lines starting from the physical parameters of a time-dependent 3D three-fluid MHD model of the coronal streamer belt. The model is applied to a tilted dipole (10°) solar minimum magnetic structure. Next, we compared the results obtained from the model in the extended corona (from 1.5 to 4 R⊙) to the UV spectroscopic data from the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) onboard SOHO during the minimum of solar activity (1996). We investigate the line-of-sight integration and projection effects in the UV spectroscopic observations, disentangled by the 3D multifluid model. The results demonstrate that the core dimming in heavy ions is produced by the physical processes included in the model (i.e., combination of the effects of heavy ion gravitational settling, and energy exchange of the preferentially heated heavy ions through the interaction with electrons and protons) but it is visible only in some cases where the magnetic structure is simple, such as a (tilted) dipole.
The Chilling Stars: A New Theory of Climate Change

Scientists agree that over the last century the earth has become warmer. But do we really know why this has happened? A deftly written and enjoyable read, "The Chilling Stars" outlines a brilliant, daring and undoubtedly controversial new theory that will provoke fresh thinking about global warming. As prize-winning science writer, Nigel Calder and climate physicist Henrik Svensmark explain, an interplay of the clouds, the Sun and cosmic rays - sub-atomic particles from exploded stars - seems to have more effect on the climate than manmade carbon dioxide. This conclusion stems from Svensmark's research at the Danish National Space Center which has recently shown that cosmic rays play an unsuspected role in making our everyday clouds. And during the last 100 years cosmic rays became scarcer because unusually vigorous action by the Sun batted many of them away. Fewer cosmic rays meant fewer clouds and a warmer world. The theory, simply put here but explained in fascinating detail in the book, emerges at a time of intense public and political concern about climate change. Motivated only by their concern that science must be trustworthy, Svensmark and Calder invite their readers to put aside their preconceptions about manmade global warming and look afresh at the role of Nature in this hottest of world issues.
A Proofreading Mutation with an Allosteric Effect Allows a Cluster of SARS-CoV-2 Viruses to Rapidly Evolve

Abstract The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus is error prone, with errors being corrected by the exonuclease (NSP14) proofreading mechanism. However, the mutagenesis and subsequent evolutionary trajectory of the virus is mediated by the delicate interplay of replicase fidelity and environmental pressures. Here, we have shown that a single, distal mutation (F60S) in NSP14 can have a profound impact upon proofreading with an increased accumulation of mutations and elevated evolutionary rate being observed. Understanding the implications of these changes is crucial, as these underlying mutational processes may have important implications for understanding the population-wide evolution of the virus. This study underscores the urgent need for continued research into the replicative mechanisms of this virus to combat its continued impact on global health, through the re-emergence of immuno-evasive variants.
Prognostic significance of the Holter‐derived T‐wave variability in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias complicating acute coronary syndrome—TWIST study

We aimed to investigate the association between ventricular repolarization instability and sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) occurring within 48 h (acute‐phase VT/VF) after the onset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the prognostic role of repolarization instability and heart rate variability (HRV) after discharge from the hospital.
Rocks, soil and weather

The pupils' books are designed to support, extend and reinforce the work generated by the teachers' guides. This title is about rocks, soil and weather. Other features include: essential, but difficult to find, secondary source materials at the appropriate level; information about scientific inventions and discoveries; scientific facts or "WOWS"; thought-provoking and amusing stories and poems; games and word play; and simple and unusual extension and reinforcement activities.
Correlation between emotion dysregulation and mood symptoms of bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Emotion dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic construct characterized by difficulties regulating intense emotions. People with bipolar disorder (BD) are more likely to show ED and use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies than adaptive ones. However, little is known about whether ED in BD is a trait or it is rather an epiphenomenon of mood symptoms.
Long‐term changes in psoas muscle mass after lobectomy and segmentectomy for early‐stage lung cancer

Segmentectomy is considered a less invasive procedure than lobectomy for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, little is known about the physiological mechanism underlying the lower invasiveness of segmentectomy. This study is aimed to compare the differences in the long‐term changes in the psoas muscle mass after segmentectomy and lobectomy in patients with NSCLC.
Childhood and the Construction of Gender Identities through Material Culture

Abstract Societies need to reproduce themselves both in a biological and in an ideological and social way. Through this paper, the author tries to understand how the process of social reproduction affects children's lives regarding gender identity. Through the material culture that can be found in archaeological records, one can try to understand how age and gender identities are interconnected and how they manifested themselves in the creation of childhood identities. Materiality is employed in the creation and experience of age and gender categories through speci fic costumes, ornaments and practices of body modi fication. From a phenomenological perspective, the author analyses the material culture from the funerary record of Bronze Age societies of the south of Spain taking into account the links between bodies and objects, and using micro-history to extrapolate local experiences to a broader picture in order to understand how societies deal with the phenomenon of childhood.
Effect of varying functional monomers in experimental self-adhesive composites: polymerization kinetics, cell metabolism influence and sealing ability

The aim was to evaluate the effects of adding different functional monomers to experimental self-adhesive composites (SACs) on polymerization kinetics, cell metabolic activity, and sealing ability. SACs were formulated using urethane dimethacrylate as the base monomer and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Additionally, 10 wt. % of distinct functional monomers were added - 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate, glycerol phosphate dimethacrylate (GPDM), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) or hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA). ATR-FTIR was used to determine real-time polymerization kinetics (20 min, n = 3). The final extrapolated conversion and polymerization rates were determined (DC ,max; Rp ,max). The DC ,max values were employed to calculate volumetric shrinkage. The MTT assay was performed on MDPC-23 cells using disc extracts at different concentrations (n = 8). Class V cavities were prepared in 60 sound human molars, assigned to six groups (n = 10), depending on the composite used and aging type (T0 or TC, if thermocycled for 10 000 cycles). One-way ANOVA, two-way, and Kruskal–Wallis tests were employed to treat the data (ɑ = 0.05). Varying the functional monomers had a large impact on DC,max, as confirmed by one-way ANOVA (p<0.001). The highest was obtained for HEMA (64 ± 3%). The HEMA and HEAA formulations were found to be significantly more toxic at concentrations below 100%. For microleakage, having a functional monomer or not did not show any improvement, irrespective of margin or aging period (Mann–Whitney U, p > 0.05). Larger functional monomers MDP and GPDM affected polymerization properties. Conversely, their acidity did not seem to be detrimental to cell metabolic activity. Regarding sealing ability, it seems that the functional monomers did not bring an advantage to the composites. Varying the functional monomer in SACs had a clear impact on the polymerization kinetics as well as on their cytotoxic potential. However, it did not confer better microleakage and sealing. Claiming self-adhesiveness based only on functional monomers seems dubious.
Estratigrafía y procedencia de las rocas del Mioceno en la parte distal de la cuenca antepais de los Llanos de Colombia

El corazonamiento del pozo SALTARIN-1A, perforado en el sector Este de la cuenca de los Llanos, es el primer registro de roca de la parte superior de la Formacion Carbonera (124.1 m perforados) y las formaciones Leon (344,8 m) y Guayabo (441,8 m). La integracion de las observaciones litofaciales, petrologicas y paleontologicas permitieron definir ambientes sedimentarios, superficies de correlacion estratigraficas, la edad de los estratos y posibles areas de procedencia. Estos pozos estratigraficos permiten revelar una historia de subsidencia y variaciones en las condiciones climaticas que controlaron el relleno de la cuenca continental de antepais del sector sureste de los Llanos Orientales. Dos unidades arenosas de afinidad continental/marginal fueron identificadas al tope de la Formacion Carbonera (unidades C1 y C3), separadas por una unidad lodosa acumulada en ambientes lacustres con amplia extension regional que ayuda a la correlacion con otros pozos en los Llanos (unidad C2). La base de la arenisca superior (unidad C1, Mioceno Medio) se interpreta como una disconformidad causada por el avance de un sistema fluvio-deltaico y separa una facies sismica sorda (unidad C2, Mioceno Inferior) de una facies sismica con reflectores paralelos, fuertes y continuos (unidad C1). La composicion subarcosica (microclina, feldespato potasico) a cuarzoarenita de la Formacion Carbonera indica la procedencia de rocas plutonicas felsicas del craton. La disminucion gradual de aporte de sedimentos detriticos arenosos y la continua subsidencia (flexural + fuerzas verticales del manto) favorecieron la inundacion gradual hacia el Este y la persistente acumulacion de sedimentos lodosos de la Formacion Leon (Mioceno Medio) en sistemas lacustres. Por el contrario, la Formacion Guayabo registra el incremento del aporte de detritos extracuenca, la acumulacion en sistemas lacustres, pantanosos y deltaicos de la unidad basal (unidad G1, Mioceno Medio), y el relleno de la cuenca por sedimentos acumulados en ambientes fluviales de las otras cinco unidades informales suprayacentes. Fluctuaciones climaticas (periodos secos-humedos) y variaciones en la subsidencia permitieron el cambio de la amalgamacion de paleosuelos oxidados (unidad G2) y el posterior registro de llanuras fluviales en condiciones reductoras (unidades G3 y G4). El incremento gradual de los detritos de plagioclasa, chert y otros liticos sedimentarios, y la identificacion de canales rectos (unidad G5, Mioceno Medio-Superior? ) indican el aporte cercano de detritos desde el SW. Los estratos superiores de la Formacion Guayabo (unidad G6) registran un incremento de la granulometria, un cambio abrupto a composicion cuarzosa de las areniscas, y una acumulacion en canales meandriformes con amalgamacion de paleosuelos oxidados. Todas las condiciones anteriores sugieren un aporte mas probable de estratos expuestos en la Cordillera Oriental, y el transporte como las condiciones climaticas tropicales solo permitieron preservar los detritos mas estables, como el cuarzo.
Range characteristics and productivity determinants for reindeer husbandry in Sweden

Factors expected to affect reindeer productivity, and their spatial and temporal variation within the reindeer husbandry area in Sweden, were examined through multivariate statistical analyses. Data for the studies were extracted from different mapped databases and statistics from the herding districts. Initially 37 variables presumed to affect reindeer productivity were derived, quantifying variation in topography, climate, snow conditions, insect harassment, vegetation, forage abundance and qualities, and fragmentation of the ranges. A method was proposed, termed ‘reachability’, to quantify in cost-benefit terms the available grazing resources in relation to infrastructural fragmentation. The range-related variables were mapped for the entire reindeer husbandry area on a raster scale of 100 km2. The 37 variables were reduced to 15 using stepwise principal component analyses. These were thereafter used for characterisation of the reindeer herding ranges and for zonation of the Swedish reindeer herding area into seven zones. Furthermore, the 51 reindeer herding districts were divided into 10 groups with the help of cluster analyses. The remaining 15 variables were also related to productivity on the herding-district level with the help of canonical correlation analyses and structural equation modelling, in order to identify the important productivity determining factors, both in spatial and temporal scales. Larger variation in productivity was found between herding districts than between years. Different variables were found important for the between-district and within-district productivity variations, where season lengths and animal densities were significant at both scales. Other important factors were terrain ruggedness, insect harassment, calf slaughter and animal condition previous year. Snow conditions, disturbances and forage quality were not found to have large impact on productivity on this scale. These factors, however, may have been counteracted by husbandry measures and were therefore not easily detectable in relation to slaughter statistics. The most important environmental factors affecting reindeer productivity were used to suggest an ultimate grouping of herding districts into seven administrative groups for administrative planning and management purposes.