Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hadwiger Integration of Definable Functions

HADWIGER INTEGRATION OF DEFINABLE FUNCTIONS Matthew L. Wright Robert Ghrist, Advisor This thesis defines and classifies valuations on definable functionals. The intrinsic volumes are valuations on “tame” subsets of R, and by easy extension, valuations on functionals on R with finitely many level sets, each a “tame” subset of R. We extend these valuations, which we call Hadwiger integrals, to definable functionals on R, and present some important properties of the valuations. With the appropriate topologies on the set of definable functionals, we obtain dual classification theorems for general valuations on such functionals. We also explore integral transforms, convergence results, and applications of the Hadwiger integrals.
Central Limit Theory for Martingales via Random Change of Time.

Abstract : This paper contains an exposition of the by now rather complete central limit theory for discrete parameter martingales providing new and efficient proofs. The basic idea is to start by proving a central limit theorem under quite restrictive conditions (that the summands tend uniformly to zero and that the sums of squares converge uniformly) and then to obtain the most general results by random change of time and truncation. The emphasis is on the sums of squares (or squared variation process), and Burkholder's square function inequality plays a crucial role in the development. In particular, this approach leads to a very short and direct proof of tightness. In the proofs we make much use of a result which is believed to be new and which binds together convergence to zero of sums and of sums of conditional expectations. In the final section, the results are extended to several dimensions, to mixing convergence, and to convergence to mixtures of normal distributions. (Author)
Gait Detection from a Wrist-Worn Sensor Using Machine Learning Methods: A Daily Living Study in Older Adults and People with Parkinson’s Disease

Remote assessment of the gait of older adults (OAs) during daily living using wrist-worn sensors has the potential to augment clinical care and mobility research. However, hand movements can degrade gait detection from wrist-sensor recordings. To address this challenge, we developed an anomaly detection algorithm and compared its performance to four previously published gait detection algorithms. Multiday accelerometer recordings from a wrist-worn and lower-back sensor (i.e., the “gold-standard” reference) were obtained in 30 OAs, 60% with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) and the area under the precision–recall curve (AUPRC) were used to evaluate the performance of the algorithms. The anomaly detection algorithm obtained AUCs of 0.80 and 0.74 for OAs and PD, respectively, but AUPRCs of 0.23 and 0.31 for OAs and PD, respectively. The best performing detection algorithm, a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), exhibited high AUCs (i.e., 0.94 for OAs and 0.89 for PD) but lower AUPRCs (i.e., 0.66 for OAs and 0.60 for PD), indicating trade-offs between precision and recall. When choosing a classification threshold of 0.9 (i.e., opting for high precision) for the DCNN algorithm, strong correlations (r > 0.8) were observed between daily living walking time estimates based on the lower-back (reference) sensor and the wrist sensor. Further, gait quality measures were significantly different in OAs and PD compared to healthy adults. These results demonstrate that daily living gait can be quantified using a wrist-worn sensor.
Using Principal Component Analysis of Satellite and Ground Magnetic Data to Model the Equatorial Electrojet and Derive Its Tidal Composition

The intensity of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) shows temporal and spatial variability that is not yet fully understood nor accurately modeled. Atmospheric solar tides are among the main drivers of this variability but determining different tidal components and their respective time series is challenging. It requires good temporal and spatial coverage with observations, which, previously could only be achieved by accumulating data over many years. Here, we propose a new technique for modeling the EEJ based on principal component analysis (PCA) of a hybrid ground‐satellite geomagnetic data set. The proposed PCA‐based model (PCEEJ) represents the observed EEJ better than the climatological EEJM‐2 model, especially when there is good local time separation among the satellites involved. The amplitudes of various solar tidal modes are determined from PCEEJ based tidal equation fitting. This allows to evaluate interannual and intraannual changes of solar tidal signatures in the EEJ. On average, the obtained time series of migrating and nonmigrating tides agree with the average climatology available from earlier work. A comparison of tidal signatures in the EEJ with tides derived from neutral atmosphere temperature observations show a remarkable correlation for nonmigrating tides such as DE3, DE2, DE4, and SW4. The results indicate that it is possible to obtain a meaningful EEJ spectrum related to solar tides for a relatively short time interval of 70 days.
Comparison of Single-Person Laparoscopic Appendectomy Using a Novel Brace-Assisted Camera Holding System and Conventional Laparoscopic Appendectomy: A Neural Network Algorithm Analysis

Background Acute appendicitis represents one of the main causes of surgical emergencies. It can be approached as an open appendectomy or a laparoscopic appendectomy (LA). However, LA generally requires the cooperation of a surgeon and an assistant. This study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of the novel brace-assisted single-person laparoscopic appendectomy (BASPLA) with conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (CLA) in the treatment of patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis by neural network algorithm analysis. Methods Between January 2020 and December 2021,a total of 120 adult patients with acute appendicitis were randomized to the BASPLA group (62 cases) and the CLA group (58 cases). The clinical data were compared between the two groups, including demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. Results There was no significant difference in patients' pain scores before operation (p = 0.68) and after operation (p = 0.81) and patient-reported cosmetic scores (p = 0.43) between the two groups. Operation time in the BASPLA group was longer than that in the CLA group (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in the conversion rate (p = 0.94), analgesics required before (p = 0.91) and after the operation (p = 0.78), intraoperative bleeding (p = 0.53), recovery of bowel movement time (p = 0.26), hospital stay (p = 0.06), and complication rate (p = 0.84) between the two groups. Conclusions BASPLA for adult acute appendicitis can be a substitute for CLA, BASPLA is comparable to CLA in postoperative pain and quality of life. Compared to surgical assistants, it not only provides a stable, clear image for the surgeon but also frees up personnel. Especially in emergency surgery, it can achieve satisfactory clinical efficacy without requiring an assistant.
Colicins and Microcins Produced by Enterobacteriaceae: Characterization, Mode of Action, and Putative Applications

Enterobacteriaceae are widely present in many environments related to humans, including the human body and the food that they consume, from both plant or animal origin. Hence, they are considered relevant members of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota. On the other hand, these bacteria are also recognized as putative pathogens, able to impair human health and, in food, they are considered indicators for the microbiological quality and hygiene status of a production process. Nevertheless, beneficial properties have also been associated with Enterobacteriaceae, such as the ability to synthesize peptides and proteins, which can have a role in the structure of microbial communities. Among these antimicrobial molecules, those with higher molecular mass are called colicins, while those with lower molecular mass are named microcins. In recent years, some studies show an emphasis on molecules that can help control the development of pathogens. However, not enough data are available on this subject, especially related to microcins. Hence, this review gathers and summarizes current knowledge on colicins and microcins, potential usage in the treatment of pathogen-associated diseases and cancer, as well as putative applications in food biotechnology.
A Review on Current Notion in Frozen Shoulder: A Mystery Shoulder

Frozen shoulder (FS) is a common condition affecting the population between the ages of 30 and 60; the causative agent is idiopathic, sedentary lifestyle, post-traumatic, or secondary to any pathological conditions. The pathology of FS is characterized by cytokine-mediated synovial inflammation with fibroblastic proliferation. The clinical features of FS vary depending on the phase in which the individual is present. The common clinical features are pain, and reduction in the range of motion in the capsular pattern. The available treatment options are medical therapy such as corticosteroid injection, physical therapy, joint mobilization, joint mobilization under anesthesia, and mirror therapy. When all the conservative methods fail then surgical procedures are used which include the surgical release of the restriction formed in the capsule. In conclusion, steroid injection along with physical therapy shows significant improvement in the range of motion and reduction in pain in the shoulder.
Toward Compact Transformers for End-to-End Object Detection With Decomposed Chain Tensor Structure

DEtection TRansformer (DETR) is a recently proposed method that streamlines the detection pipeline and achieves competitive results against two-stage detectors such as Faster-RCNN. The DETR models get rid of complex anchor generation and post-processing procedures thereby making the detection pipeline more intuitive. However, the numerous redundant parameters in transformers make the computation and storage of the DETR models intensive, which seriously hinder them to be deployed on the resources-constrained devices. In this paper, to obtain a compact end-to-end detection framework, we propose to deeply compress the transformers with low-rank tensor decomposition. The basic idea of our tensor-based compression method is to represent the large-scale weight matrix in one network layer with a chain of low-order matrices. Furthermore, we show that redundant attention heads will hinder the performance of detection transformers. We thus propose a gated multi-head attention (GMHA) module to suppress the redundant attention information by normalizing the attention heads. In GMHA, each attention head has an independent gate to determine the passed attention value, thereby down-weighting the uninformative heads. The accuracy drop of the tensor-compressed DETR models can be mitigated by applying GMHA modules. Lastly, to obtain fully compressed DETR models, a low-bitwidth quantization technique is introduced for further reducing the model storage size. Based on the proposed methods, we can achieve significant parameter and model size reduction while maintaining high detection performance. We conduct extensive experiments on the COCO and PASCAL VOC datasets to validate the effectiveness of our tensor-compressed (tensorized) DETR models. The experimental results on the COCO benchmark show that we can attain $3.7\times $ full model compression with $482\times $ feed forward network (FFN) parameter reduction and only 0.6 points accuracy drop.
Size-resolved Compositional Analysis and Source Apportionment of Submicron Aerosol during Lockdown Period Using HR-ToF-AMS

The size-resolved compositional analysis of non-refractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) was conducted using the Aerodyne High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) instrument over Pune, India during the COVID-19 lockdown period. The aerosol composition data shows the predominant presence of organics (Org) in the mass fraction followed by sulfate, ammonium, nitrate, and chloride during the pre-lockdown and lockdown periods. The size-resolved analysis showed the unimodal size distribution of organic and inorganic constituents with peaks at 550 nm, implying the dominant presence of mixed and aged aerosol species. The stoichiometric neutralization analysis showed the almost neutralized nature of submicron aerosol with an average aerosol neutralization ratio (ANR) of 0.8. The back trajectories, cluster analysis, and potential source contribution function (PSCF) showed the industrial belt located in the western part of the study location to be the potential source regions of NR-PM1. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analyses have been applied to investigate the source apportionments of organic aerosols (OA). Four distinct OA factors, i.e., hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), low-volatile oxygenated OA (LVOOA), and semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SVOOA) were identified during the study period. Among these factors, HOA contributes nearly a quarter to the OA mass, and OOA accounted for nearly 60% of the total OA mass. The high-resolution positive matrix factorization (HR-PMF) analysis and the elemental ratios of H/C, O/C, and OM/OC showed distinct characteristics during different periods. The density of organic aerosol has been estimated using the elemental ratios and found to be 1.14, 1.28, and 1.35 respectively during the different lockdown periods, similar to 1.30 g cm–3 as mentioned in the literature. This study provides new insights into the chemical composition and source apportionment of the organic fraction of submicron aerosols for the first time over Pune using HR-ToF-AMS and HR-PMF.
Prioritizing Strategies to Racially Diversify the K–12 Teacher Workforce: Findings from the State of the American Teacher and State of the American Principal Surveys

A ll students—particularly students of color—benefit academically and socially from having teachers who are people of color (Blazar, 2021; Cherng and Halpin, 2016). Black or African American and Hispanic students particularly benefit from having teachers of their same race (Bristol and Martin-Fernandez, 2019; Gershenson et al., 2018). Nationally, about 20 percent of kindergarten through grade 12 (K–12) public school teachers are people of color, compared with just over 50 percent of students (National Center for Education Statistics [NCES], 2020; Schaeffer, 2021). Although more teachers of color work in schools where a majority of students are people of color, anywhere from 40 to 80 percent of teachers in such schools are White (Schaeffer, 2021). 1 C O R P O R A T I O N
Challenges of Differential Diagnosis Between Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Bone Metastases of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer might be complicated by distant metastases accompanied by hypercalcemia, but hyperparathyroidism is not commonly considered in the differential diagnosis. We present a case of 38 years old female patient who was diagnosed with ductal breast carcinoma. Eight months after the initial diagnosis the patient was diagnosed with distant bone metastases. However, this diagnosis was reconsidered at follow up, because we identified elevation of PTH 137.2 pg/ml, Ca2+ 1.19 mmol/l, albumin corrected calcium 2.42 mmol/l, 25(OH)D 39.4 nmol/l, indicating hyperparathyroidism. Scintigraphy with 99mTC-sestamibi confirmed parathyroid adenoma. Postoperative histopathology confirmed 1.2 g chief-cell PTA. Two months after the operation both PTH and Ca2+ levels were within the normal ranges. This study emphasizes the importance of considering possible hyperparathyroidism in patients with breast cancer and hypercalcemia. Routine evaluation of PTH is considered as a reasonable test in patients with breast cancer accompanied by bone lesions.
Accuracy of Oral Liquid Measuring Devices Used Among Caregivers at Hospital Dungun

Oral liquid medications are common type of dosage form prescribed to children. Caregiver responsible to choose appropriate measuring device to measure intended dose and minimize dosing error. Objectives of this study were 1) To identify types of measuring devices used at home; 2) To determine dose error deviation across all the measuring devices. This cross-sectional study involved caregivers visiting outpatient pharmacy with oral liquid prescription that fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. The caregivers were instructed to measure 4.8ml and 15.0ml liquid by using suitable devices provided, which were 4 types of syringes and 2 types of dosing cups. The measured liquid was read by investigator and any dose error deviation was calculated and reported as percentages. Data was analyzed descriptively using SPSS version 21. Out of 120 caregivers involved, 60% were female (n=72), aged between 31-40 years old (49.1%, n=59), and employed (62.5%, n=75). 82 caregivers (68.3%) received secondary education level. Most caregivers use standardized measuring devices at home, particularly syringes and dosing cups. For smaller dose, less dose error was detected if using syringe (13.3%) as compared to dosing cup (39.3%); while for larger dose, both syringe and dosing cups are acceptable (11.7% and 7.4% respectively). Syringe shows less dose error as compared to dosing cup for smaller dose. Pharmacist should participate in decision making of choosing right measuring device to improve accuracy of medication administration.
Spatial planning-constrained modeling of urban growth in the Yangtze River Delta considering the element flows

ABSTRACT Urban growth models that consider spatial control and factor flows are important for the integrated management of urban agglomerations, and to date, no simulation method has been available to consider both thoroughly. We proposed a new cellular automaton (CAGBDT) model based on gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT) to simulate urban growth in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) area of China. In this model, GBDT was used to retrieve land transition rules by integrating multiple weak learners and a feature expansion approach was employed to remove high correlations among urban growth drivers and then expand the factor features. We applied the final urban pattern as the dependent variable and selected nine drivers as the independent variables of urban growth in YRD. The simulation results show that the overall accuracies exceeded 89% and the figure-of-merits (FOMs) exceeded 27%, about 10% higher than other similar simulations in YRD, indicating the strong ability of CAGBDT to simulate urban growth in YRD. Although the inclusion of inter-city material and information element flows in the model improves the accuracy by only 1%, it reveals the different development patterns in Hangzhou Bay in the south of YRD and the Taihu Lake basin in the center of YRD. By considering urban scenarios under different strategies of spatial control, it shows that the simulated FOMs declined by 5% with the stronger enforcement of spatial regulations, reflecting that the actual urban growth in fully non-developable areas and 20% partly developable areas of YRD has already violated the regulations. The results can help urban planners and local authorities to develop solutions for the development of a high-quality YRD urban agglomeration. The proposed model is applicable to diagnose urban land-use change elsewhere, especially in rapidly developing cities that need balancing urban growth and ecological protection.
Understanding the Relationship between Parental Psychological Control and Prosocial Behavior in Children in China: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Gender

Objectives: Prosocial behavior is essential for individuals’ development, and the study aims to analyze the relationship between parental psychological control and prosocial behavior. Method: The current study investigated the relationships among Paternal Psychological Control (endogenous variable), General Self-Efficacy (mediator), and Prosocial Behaviors (exogenous endogenous variable) via a moderated mediation modeling approach (gender as the moderator). A total of 1822 Chinese students aged from 7- to 17-year-old (Mage = 12.4 years old, SDage = 1.89, 48.6% girls) were included in the current study. Results: After controlling participants’ age, the only child status, family income, and parent’s education level, results revealed that higher levels of parental control were associated with lower levels of students’ self-efficacy, which, in turn, reduced students’ prosocial behavior intention. Moreover, the relationship between self-efficacy and prosocial behavior intention was moderated by students’ gender, where the positive effects of self-efficacy on prosocial behavior intentions were reduced in girls. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of parental psychological control for supporting children’s self-efficacy to promote prosocial behaviors on different gender groups.
The Evolving Identities of HSI and Differentiated Funding

To achieve Higher Education Act Title V funding goals, policymakers must reconsider approaches, respond to Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) diversity, and prioritize servingness. This study investigated HSI heterogeneity across traditional performance metrics and student-engagement indicators using data sources previously only examined independently. A multi-step TwoStep cluster analysis revealed six clusters of HSIs. The two most important predictors of cluster membership were years with an HSI designation (transitioning and established) and institution type (associate, bachelor, and special focus). Key quantitative metrics may be useful for policy actors seeking an equity-minded Title V award strategy that considers HSI heterogeneity and prioritizes HEA Title V policy aims.
ICT in Indonesian Public Secondary Schools: EFL Teachers’ Attitude and Problems

Teachers’ attitude toward technology in the classroom plays a significant role to achieve educational goals; this mixed-method study investigates the attitude and problems of secondary school English teachers toward ICT in English teaching. Data of this study were collected from the questionnaire with forty-six English teachers and interviews with five teachers from eleven public secondary schools in Jambi city. The findings indicate teachers have a positive attitude toward the use of ICT. Meanwhile, the problems show that the overall mean rating was 3.11 (uncertain), which means English teachers could not determine whether they encountered problems or not in using ICT in teaching English. However, qualitative results showed that the problems faced by teachers were a lack of funds and support for training from the government.
Fintech adoption: Its determinants and organizational benefits in Indonesia

Financial Technology (Fintech) has become an essential issue in the past few years, especially for the companies that offer the products/services that require payment. This research explores the factors which drive companies to adopt fintech - risk perception, cost perception, organizational readiness, top management support, knowledge of information technology, customer pressure, and competitive pressure - and the benefits of its adoption. This research distributed questionnaires using purposive sampling method to the employees working in the companies adopting Fintech. There were 195 questionnaires analyzed using SEM-PLS. This research indicates that customer pressure, competitive pressure, organizational readiness, top management support, and knowledge of information technology have significant influences on Fintech adoption. However, risk perception and cost perception do not significantly affect Fintech adoption. Fintech adoption has a significant effect on organizational benefits. Companies can use this research to find the opportunities and risks when they adopt fintech in order to improve on innovating and maximize customers and partners’ satisfactions.