Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional GABA A Receptor Heterogeneity of Acutely Dissociated Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Cells

tional GABA A receptor heterogeneity of acutely dissociated hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 1575–1586, 1999. CA1 pyramidal cells were voltage clamped, and GABA was applied to individual cells with a modiﬁed U-tube, rapid drug application system. With V h (cid:53) (cid:50) 50 mV, inward currents elicited by 10 (cid:109) M GABA were inhibited by GABA A receptor (GABAR) antagonists and were baclofen insensitive, suggesting that GABA actions on isolated CA1 pyramidal cells were GABAR mediated. GABA concentration-response curves averaged from all cells were ﬁtted best with a two-site equation, indicating the presence of at least two GABA binding sites, a higher-afﬁnity site (EC 50–1 (cid:53) 11.0 (cid:109) M) and a lower-afﬁnity site (EC 50–2 (cid:53) 334.2 (cid:109) M), on two or more populations of cells. The effects of GABAR allosteric modulators on peak concentration-dependent GABAR currents were complex and included monophasic (loreclezole) or multiphasic (diazepam) enhance- ment, mixed enhancement/inhibition (DMCM, zolpidem) or multiphasic inhibition (zinc). Monophasic (70% of cells) or biphasic (30% of cells) enhancement of GABAR currents by diazepam suggested three different sites on GABARs (EC 50–1 (cid:53) 1.8 nM; EC 50–2 (cid:53) 75.8 EC 50–3 (cid:53) heterogeneity. imidazopyridine zolpidem GABAR currents in 70% of cells with an EC 50 (cid:53) a predominance of moderate afﬁnity (cid:97) 2 (or (cid:97) 3-) subtype-containing BZ Type IIA receptors. A small fraction of cells (10%) had a high afﬁnity for zolpidem, something that is suggestive of (cid:97) 1 subtype-containing BZ Type I receptors. The remaining 30% of cells were insensitive to or inhibited by zolpidem, suggesting the presence of (cid:97) 5 BZ Type IIB receptors. BZ Type I and Type II receptors coexist not be determined. (cid:98) -carboline cells in cells nanomolar (cid:103) cells, modulators, distinct populations of CA1 pyramidal cells likely express multiple, functional GABAR isoforms.
Real-time segmentation of feet on smartphone

Image segmentation, the problem of dividing an image into meaningful parts and semantic segmentation, dividing images into multiple known classes are very interesting problems in computer vision. Segmentation is relevant for everything from self-driving cars to 3Dmodeling and synthetic camera effects. The current state of the art in these problems is achieved with computationally intensive deep convolutional neural networks. Even though there currently exist models for producing high-quality segmentations, most of these are too resource intensive to run in real-time on mobile devices, something that is more and more requested for user experience in computer vision apps and safety in self-driving cars. To build models capable of real-time segmentation on smartphones this thesis builds upon previous work on constructing streamlined neural networks and compression of these using effective approximations of the convolutional operator and student-teacher training techniques. Specifically, this is done for segmentation of feet from the background which is a part of a larger project for 3D-scanning of feet on smartphones conducted at Volumental. The fastest neural network produced in this work manages to run at over 10fps on an Android smartphone from 2016 without the use of hardware acceleration. Despite this speed, the network manages to achieve a mean intersect over union (mIoU ) score of over 93% on a held out test set.
rapid communication Contraction-induced injury to single permeabilized muscle ﬁbers from mdx , transgenic mdx , and control mice

Gordon Jill A. Jeffrey Chamberlain, John A. Faulkner. Contraction-induced injury to single permeabilized muscle ﬁbers from mdx , transgenic mdx , and control mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 279: C1290–C1294, 2000. —Muscle ﬁbers of mdx mice that lack dystrophin are more susceptible to contraction-induced injury, particularly when stretched. In contrast, transgenic mdx (tg -mdx ) mice, which overexpress dystrophin, show no morphological or functional signs of dystrophy. Permeabilization disrupts the sarcolemma of ﬁbers from muscles of mdx , tg- mdx , and control mice. We tested the null hypothesis stating that, after single stretches of maximally activated single permeabilized ﬁbers, force deﬁcits do not differ among ﬁbers from extensor digitorum longus muscles of mdx , tg mdx , or control mice. Fibers were maximally activated by Ca 2 1 (pCa 4.5) and then stretched through strains of 10%, 20%, or 30% of ﬁber length ( L f ) at a velocity of 0.5 L f /s. Immediately after each strain, the force deﬁcits were not different for ﬁbers from each of the three groups of mice. When collated with studies of membrane-intact ﬁbers in whole muscles of mdx, tg -mdx , and control mice, these results indicate that dystrophic symptoms do not arise from factors within myoﬁbrils but, rather, from disruption of the sarcolemmal integrity that normally provides protection from contraction-induced 23). Wild-type hybrid embryos from C57BL/6J 3 SJL/J parents were microinjected with the pu-riﬁed insert from the D 71–74 transgene. Mice from the F 0 generation were screened by polymerase chain reaction with primers to the ﬁrst intron of the mouse muscle creatine kinase promoter construct and to the ﬁrst exon of the mouse dystrophin cDNA. Dystrophin transgene-positive males were mated with mdx females to generate transgenic/ mdx F 1 males. These males were mated with mdx females, and the transgenic progeny were used for further analysis (22, 23). were
Original Comparison of patients’ satisfaction with eye care and family medicine services at a primary health centre in Ogun State, Nigeria

Background: Patient satisfaction need to be assessed to enable the health care provider assess the quality of care from the patients’ perspective. This study aimed to assess and compare the level of patient satisfaction with the two main health services (primary eye care and family medicine services) at primary health centre (PHC), Pakoto, Ifo local government area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 280 adult patients attending the eye clinic and family medicine clinic at the PHC, Pakoto were recruited. A structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire-the patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ-III) was used. Data analysis was done using Epi Info 7.0. 9.7 version. Results: The average overall mean score was higher in the eye clinic (3.7±0.4) than the family medicine clinic (3.5±0.3) and mean difference was statistically significant (p=0.004, t=-2.876). Most listed areas of dissatisfaction by respondents in the eye clinic were waiting period (17.2%) and number and visiting days of doctors (19%). However, at the family medicine clinic the most listed areas of dissatisfaction were all aspects of medical care (17.7%), electricity (17.7%) and toilet facilities (14.7%). There was significant association between income and general satisfaction (p=0.001) Conclusions: Most patients were generally satisfied with medical care at both clinics studied at the PHC, Pakoto. However, areas of dissatisfaction included waiting period, number of doctors and visiting days and provision of basic amenities. The study recommends that doctors should be encouraged to reside at the PHC, Pakoto and there should be provision of good basic amenities.
Children's Perception of, and Attitude Towards, Unfamiliar Peers with Facial Port-Wine Stains 1

Evaluated children's perception of, and attitude towards, unfamiliar peers with facial port-wine stains (PWS). Participants (ages 8 to 11 years) from three grades were shown videoclips of the same 6 children, 3 of whom (2 girls and 1 boy) were seen with a (fake) PWS by participants from one grade. Participants from different grades saw a different 1 of these 3 children with a PWS. Participants thought PWS would attract staring and teasing; for the boy it would cause self-pity and, for one of the girls, it would make getting a boyfriend more difficult, but the stain did not significantly affect participants' assessment of the attractiveness and character or willingness to interact/become friendly with the children on the video. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Joint genetic analysis for dairy cattle performance across countries in sub-Saharan Africa

This study assessed the feasibility of across-country genetic evaluation of dairy cattle in sub-Saharan Africa where data on livestock production are scarce. Genetic parameters were estimated for the 305-day milk yield in the first lactation and across five lactations, for age at first calving and for interval between first and second calving. Estimated breeding values of individual animals for these traits were calculated. There were records from 2 333, 25 208, and 5 929 Holstein cows in Kenya, South Africa, and Zimbabwe, and 898 and 65134 Jersey cows from Kenya and South Africa. Genetic gain from sire selection within and across countries. was predicted Genetic links between countries were determined from sires with daughters that had records in two or more countries, and from common ancestral sires across seven generations on both the maternal and paternal sides of the pedigree. Each country was treated as a trait in the across-country evaluation. The results showed that genetic variance and heritability were not always estimable within country, but were significantly different from zero in the across-country evaluation. In all three countries, there was greater genetic gain in all traits from an across-country genetic evaluation owing to greater accuracy of selection compared with within country. Kenya stood to benefit most from an across-country evaluation, followed by Zimbabwe, then South Africa. An across-country breeding programme using joint genetic evaluation would be feasible, provided that there were genetic links across countries, and would provide a platform for accelerated genetic progress through selection and germplasm exchange between sub-Saharan African countries. ______________________________________________________________________________________
Should Governments Invest More in Nudging? Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

Governments are increasingly adopting behavioral science techniques for changing individual behavior in pursuit of policy objectives. The types of “nudge” interventions that governments are now adopting alter people’s decisions without coercion or significant changes to economic incentives. We calculated ratios of impact to cost for nudge interventions and for traditional policy tools, such as tax incentives and other financial inducements, and we found that nudge interventions often compare favorably with traditional interventions. We conclude that nudging is a valuable approach that should be used more often in conjunction with traditional policies, but more calculations are needed to determine the relative effectiveness of nudging.
Omics Data Reveal Putative Regulators of Einkorn Grain Protein Composition under 17 Sulphur deficiency 1 18

54 Understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling the accumulation of grain storage proteins 55 in response to nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) nutrition is essential to improve cereal grain 56 nutritional and functional properties. Here, we studied the grain transcriptome and metabolome 57 responses to post-anthesis N and S supply for the diploid wheat einkorn ( Triticum monococcum ). 58 During grain filling, 848 transcripts and 24 metabolites were differentially accumulated in 59 response to N and S availability. The accumulation of total free amino acids per grain and the 60 expression levels of 241 genes showed significant modifications during most of the grain filling 61 period and were upregulated in response to S deficiency. Among them, 24 transcripts strongly 62 responded to S deficiency and were identified in co-expression network analyses as potential 63 coordinators of the grain response to N and S supply. Sulphate transporters and genes involved in 64 sulphate and methionine metabolism were upregulated, suggesting regulation of the pool of free 65 amino acids and of the grain N-to-S ratio. Several genes highlighted in this study might limit the 66 impact of S deficiency on the accumulation of grain storage proteins. 67
Thöni, Christian and Gaechter, Simon (2015) Peer effects and social preferences in voluntary cooperation: a theoretical and experimental analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology, 48 . pp. 72-88. ISSN 0167-4870

Social preferences and social inﬂuence effects (‘‘peer effects’’) are well documented, but lit- tle is known about how peers shape social preferences. Settings where social preferences matter are often situations where peer effects are likely too. In a gift-exchange experiment with independent payoffs between two agents we ﬁnd causal evidence for peer effects. Efforts are positively correlated but with a kink: agents follow a low-performing but not a high-performing peer. This contradicts major theories of social preferences which predict that efforts are unrelated, or negatively related. Some theories allow for positively-related efforts but cannot explain most observations. Conformism, norm following and social esteem are candidate explanations. (cid:2) 2015 Authors.
Distributed quantum memory using NV centers

There are still great hurdles to overcome in the construction of a practical quantum computer. Most significantly, there is still great need for less noisy operation devices and the ability to scale the computer into hundreds or thousands of qubits. In this work we study a approach to construct a practical quantum computer which is fundamentally scalable. We consider Nitrogen vacancy centers as nodes in a quantum network to model a distributed surface code. The analysis consists first in a study of how the surface code can be implemented over a quantum network and which error models we consider to get a realistic representation of the system. Thereafter, we calculate the error thresholds through the parameters of the most significant error sources in order to determine the code effectiveness. After the initial implementation we explore further designs which by utilizing additional resources in the network aim to reduce the impact of noise in the system. The results show a considerable improvement over the initial implementation and provide some insights into further developments that could produce better results.
S1479262121000526jra 1..10

White Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) is indigenous to West Africa, a region that harbours the crop’s tremendous landrace diversity. The knowledge and understanding of local cultivars’ genetic diversity are essential for properly managing genetic resources, conservation, sustainable use and their improvement through breeding. This study aimed to dissect phenotypic and molecular diversity of white yam cultivars from Benin using agro-morphological and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Eighty-eight Beninese white Guinea yam cultivars collected through a countrywide ethnobotanical survey were phenotyped with 53 traits and genotyped with 9725 DArT-SNP. Multivariate analysis using phenotypic traits revealed 30 traits as most discriminative and explained up to 80.78% of cultivars’ phenotypic variation. Assessment of diversity indices such as Shannon–Wiener (H′), inverse Shannon (H.B.), Simpson’s (λ) index and Pilou evenness (J ) based molecular and phenotypic data depicted a moderate genetic diversity in Beninese white Guinea yam cultivars. Genetic differentiation of cultivars among country production zones was low due to the high exchange of planting materials among farmers of different regions. However, there was high genetic diversity within regions. Hierarchical clusters (HCs) on phenotypic data revealed the presence of two groups while HCs based on the SNP markers and the combined analysis identified three genetic groups. Our result provided valuable insights into the Beninese white Guinea yam diversity for its proper conservation and improvement through breeding.
Title: Use of 99m Tc Labeled-Tilmanocept versus 99m Tc Labeled-Sulfur Colloid in Lymphoscintigraphy: Sentinel Lymph Node Identification and Patient Reported Pain

Rationale Lymphoscintigraphy plays a vital role in sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification in oncologic breast surgery. The effectiveness of SLN localization and patient pain between filtered 99m Tc labeled-Sulfur Colloid (Tc-SC) and 99m Tc labeled-Tilmanocept (Tc-T) were compared. Methods A retrospective review of patients undergoing lymphoscintigraphy for breast cancer using Tc-SC (6/1/2010-12/31/2011) or Tc-T (6/1/2013-1/31/2014) was performed. SLN appearance time and uptake, SLN pathology, proportion of positive SLNs removed, and comparative pain scores were compared for each radiopharmaceutical using chi-squared, fisher’s exact, and unequal variance t-tests, as appropriate.
Self-Efficacy of Students Learning English 74

The purpose of this research is to examine the degree of academic self-efficacy of medical students who learn English for Specific purposes (ESP) at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Novi Sad. The aim of this paper is to present the results of a survey which was designed to explore academic self-efficacy in learning ESP in respect to the gender, year of study, grade achieved in the previous course in English, and the length of learning English before enrollment. The research focused on discovering whether a connection can be established between the aforementioned independent Summary Introduction. English for Specific Purposes focuses on teaching and learning subject specific knowledge which includes specific language skills that particular learners need for a specific purpose. Self-efficacy is determined by subjective beliefs about one’s own abilities, which also applies to the academic setting of studying English for Specific Purposes. Academic self-efficacy represents the conviction of students about their own abilities to successfully fulfil academic tasks at designated levels. The goal of this research is to examine the degree of academic self-efficacy of medical students who learn English for Specific purposes at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Novi Sad, with respect to their gender, year of study, grade achieved in the previous course in English, and the length of learning English before enrolling in the Faculty. Material and Methods. The study included 58 medical students. The researchers used the College Academic Self-Efficacy Scale questionnaire developed by Owen and Froman (1988) to assess academic self-efficacy. Results. Three significant factors were identified: general self-competence, communication with the professor, and attendance at lectures, with general self-competence being the most significant factor. Considering the independent variables, only the grade showed statistical significance. Establishing the grade as such a significant predictor can be explained by the fact that good grades and a high grade point average are presented as very desirable outcomes. However, a good grade does not necessarily mean having better knowledge or correct use of language. Conclusion. Further research into this topic is necessary, with expanding the number of participants, study programs and variables.
The Biology of Hematophagous Arthropods Addressed by Molecular High-Throughput Approaches

Hematophagous arthropods harbor several pathogens that cause diseases of impact in global public health. In view of that, great efforts have been made to design new strategies for vector and pathogen control. Molecular biology allied to high-throughput approaches has been a powerful tool to understand this taxa´s biology, besides providing platforms for discovery of novel pharmacological compounds and vaccine antigens. Indeed, the field of molecular investigation of bloodsucking arthropods advanced quickly, as “omics” technologies improve in terms of cost, sensitivity, throughput and data integration. Here, we summarize the evolution of high-throughput approaches and discuss its impact on important findings about vector-pathogen-host interactions.
MICROSAVINGS: A SUBSTITUTE OR A COMPLIMENT TO MICROCREDIT IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CHRONIC POVERTY IN NIGERIA

Microsavings practices are as old as human history: informal savings opportunities such as ‘Susu’ and rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAS) have been in existence for time immemorial. Hence, savings pre-dates loans as even before the advent of the modern day medium of exchange people made provision for the ‘rainy days’ which today, helps in no quantifiable measure in addressing the problem of financial exclusion faced by economically active poor especially in underdeveloped and developing nations such as Nigeria. This paper therefore, employed the review of relevant literature to appraise the linkage between microsavings and microcredit as poverty fighting tools. The paper concludes that the two concepts complement each other and combining them will produce better effect on poverty reduction.
Loga-Sex and long-term soy diets affect the metabolism and excretion of soy isoflavones in humans 1–3

Soybean consumption may be protective against hormone-dependent cancers, possibly in part because of the isoflavones daidzein and genistein, which are weakly estrogenic. This paper reviews our studies of the metabolism and disposition of these phytoestrogens in humans. During 1 mo of daily soy ingestion in a metabolic unit [1.065 L (36 oz) soymilk, providing 80–210 mg of each isoflavone daily], women initially excreted more isoflavone conjugates in urine than did men. Recoveries of conjugates of genistein, daidzein, and equol were 24%, 66%, and 28% of the amounts ingested in women, respectively, and 15%, 47%, and 15%, respectively, of those in men. A progressive decrease in urinary excretion of genistein and daidzein was observed in women but not in men during the study. At least 10% of ingested daidzin was excreted in urine as equol conjugate in one man and one woman after the first soy ingestion. Three more women but no more men developed the ability to produce and excrete large amounts of equol. Absorption rate constants ( k a ) of the isoflavones were estimated to be 0.24–0.50 h (cid:50) 1 . The elimination rates ( k e ) for genistein, daidzein, and equol were 0.1, 0.16, and 0.08 h (cid:50) 1 , respectively, in women and 0.19, 0.25, and 0.13 h (cid:50) 1 , respectively, in men. Thus, the excretion half-life values of genistein were longer in women (7, 4, and 9 h, respectively) than in men (4, 3, and 5 h, respectively) after the first soy ingestion. The excretion half-life shortened progressively in women but lengthened progressively in men over the study period. Thus, isoflavone metabolism and disposition were affected by the duration of soy ingestion and by sex. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68(suppl):1500S–4S.