Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Bacterial Spectrum Among Patients with External Eye Infections at Menelik II Referral Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background Eye infections can cause loss or impairment of visual function and can lead to severe impairment. Bacteria are the most common pathogens that affect the structure of the eye. As a result, quick identification of the causative agents and testing of their medication susceptibility are essential for effective treatment of eye infections. This study was intended for determining the extent of bacterial isolates from external eye infections (EEIs) and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending Menelik II Referral Hospital. The study comprised patients who had EEIs verified. EEI samples were collected using sterile methods. Bacterial isolates were identified using gram stain, colony morphology, and biochemical tests. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique was used to conduct a drug susceptibility test. Results Totally, 323 participants were recruited for this study and 184 bacterial isolates were obtained from 175 (54.5%) participants. The main clinical diagnosis was blepharitis 122 (37.8%), followed by conjunctivitis 73 (22.6%) and keratitis 57 (17.6%). The gram-positive isolates were 171 (92.9%). CoNS with a frequency of 76 (41.3%) was the most common bacterial isolates, followed by S. aureus 67 (36.4%), Viridans streptococcus 16 (8.7%), and Klebsiella species 6(3.3%). Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to tobramycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, and ceftriaxone. In contrast, 94.0% of these gram-positive isolates showed resistance to penicillin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in both gram-positive and negative bacteria at rates of 123 (72%) and 12 (92.1%), respectively. The overall MDR rate among the isolates was 135 (73.4%). Conclusion In this study, blepharitis was the major EEI, followed by conjunctivitis. The predominant bacterial species isolated from EEIs were CoNS, followed by S. aureus. More than half of the isolates were drug-resistant, with a large number being multidrug-resistant, highlighting the necessity for continued and coordinated surveillance to hunt for infections that are known to be resistant.
Phytoplankton responses to repeated pulse perturbations imposed on a trend of increasing eutrophication

Abstract While eutrophication remains one of the main pressures acting on freshwater ecosystems, the prevalence of anthropogenic and nature‐induced stochastic pulse perturbations is predicted to increase due to climate change. Despite all our knowledge on the effects of eutrophication and stochastic events operating in isolation, we know little about how eutrophication may affect the response and recovery of aquatic ecosystems to pulse perturbations. There are multiple ways in which eutrophication and pulse perturbations may interact to induce potentially synergic changes in the system, for instance, by increasing the amount of nutrients released after a pulse perturbation. Here, we performed a controlled press and pulse perturbation experiment using mesocosms filled with natural lake water to address how eutrophication modulates the phytoplankton response to sequential mortality pulse perturbations; and what is the combined effect of press and pulse perturbations on the resistance and resilience of the phytoplankton community. Our experiment showed that eutrophication increased the absolute scale of the chlorophyll‐a response to pulse perturbations but did not change the proportion of the response relative to its pre‐event condition (resistance). Moreover, the capacity of the community to recover from pulse perturbations was significantly affected by the cumulative effect of sequential pulse perturbations but not by eutrophication itself. By the end of the experiment, some mesocosms could not recover from pulse perturbations, irrespective of the trophic state induced by the press perturbation. While not resisting or recovering any less from pulse perturbations, phytoplankton communities from eutrophying systems showed chlorophyll‐a levels much higher than non‐eutrophying ones. This implies that the higher absolute response to stochastic pulse perturbations in a eutrophying system may increase the already significant risks for water quality (e.g., algal blooms in drinking water supplies), even if the relative scale of the response to pulse perturbations between eutrophying and non‐eutrophying systems remains the same.
Frequency and Severity of Exacerbations of COPD Associated with Future Risk of Exacerbations and Mortality: A UK Routine Health Care Data Study

Background Studies have shown that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation events are related to future events; however, previous literature typically reports frequent vs infrequent exacerbations per patient-year and no studies have investigated increasing number of severe exacerbations in relation to COPD outcomes. Objective To investigate the association between baseline frequency and severity of exacerbations and subsequent mortality and exacerbation risk in a COPD cohort. Methods Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum and Hospital Episode Statistics data were used to identify patients registered at general practices in the UK, who had a diagnosis of COPD, were over the age of 40 years, were smokers or ex-smokers and had data recorded from 2004 onwards. Frequency and severity of exacerbations in the baseline year were identified as moderate exacerbations (general practice events) and severe exacerbations (hospitalised events). Patients were categorised as having: none, 1 moderate only, 2 moderate only, 3+ moderate only, 1 severe (and any moderate), 2 severe (and any moderate), and 3+ severe (and any moderate exacerbations). Poisson regression was used to investigate the association between baseline exacerbation frequency/severity and exacerbation events and mortality over follow-up. Results Overall, 340,515 COPD patients were included. Patients had higher rates of future exacerbations with increasing frequency and severity of baseline exacerbations compared to no baseline exacerbations. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) for patients with 1, 2, and 3+ moderate exacerbations compared to 0 exacerbations were 1.70 (95% CI 1.66–1.74), 2.31 (95% CI 2.24–2.37), and 3.52 (95% CI 3.43–3.62), respectively. Patients with increased frequency of baseline exacerbations were more likely to die from all-cause, COPD-related, and cardiovascular-related mortality in a graduated fashion. Conclusion Increasing number and severity of exacerbations were associated with increasing risk of subsequent exacerbations, all-cause mortality and COPD-related mortality. Even a single moderate event increases the risk of future events, illustrating that every exacerbation counts.
Open loop policies for single-leg air-cargo revenue management

Transporting cargo is a significant source of revenue in the airline industry. It is therefore of critical importance to develop booking policies that address the unique challenges presented by the cargo business: the capacity is multi-dimensional, generally measured in terms of volume and weight, and the exact capacity requirements of a shipment are usually not known with certainty at the time of making booking decisions. Operations research methods have proven highly useful in passenger revenue management to effectively allocate a limited capacity while considering the trade-off between the penalty costs for oversold capacity and the opportunity costs for having unused capacity at the departure time. In this thesis, we develop similar methods for the capacity control problem over a single-leg flight with multiple cargo types. We study open loop policies that accept or reject a booking request for a certain type of cargo shipment based on booking limits or bid-prices. In order to compute suitable booking limits and bid-prices, we develop optimization models that incorporate off-loading costs under uncertain volume and weight requirements. We conduct a comprehensive computational study to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed models. Numerical results demonstrate that our policies perform well compared to benchmarks established by various methods in the literature.
Horizontal Gaze Palsy and Progressive Scoliosis in Dizygotic Twins

ABSTRACT Horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ROBO3 gene. Clinical presentation consists of impairment of conjugate horizontal eye movements together with a progressive scoliosis beginning in childhood. We report dizygotic twins with HGPPS that had absence of conjugate horizontal eye movements combined with divergent strabismus and synergistic divergence. One of them also had a congenital palpebral ptosis and vertical strabismus of the right eye. Onset of scoliosis occurred in childhood with rapid progression in the second decade of life. Brain imaging showed characteristic features of the disease such as hypoplasia of the pons and a midline cleft of the brainstem with a butterfly-like bifid appearance. Genetic analysis revealed a pathogenic homozygous mutation on the ROBO3 gene. These siblings and a previous report of two other individuals with the same disorder from the same small geographical region with less than 38000 inhabitants, likely represent a founder effect.
Investigating the association between patient verbal aggression and emotional exhaustion among Italian health care professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Abstract Aims To analyze whether patient verbal aggression would be related to emotional exhaustion and whether this relationship would be mediated by work–family conflict and moderated by dehumanization and resilience. Background Although patient verbal aggression has been identified as one of the most experienced forms of aggression, its effects on Italian health care providers during the pandemic are still poorly known. Methods A total of 197 Italian health care professionals completed paper‐and‐pencil questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and moderated mediation analyses were performed. Results Patient verbal aggression was positively related to health care professionals' emotional exhaustion, both directly and indirectly, as mediated by work–family conflict. Health care providers were more likely to become emotionally exhausted when they had low resilience and, simultaneously, tended to ascribe patients non‐uniquely human traits. Conclusions Patient verbal aggression may spill over onto health care professionals' family lives. Dehumanization represents an ineffective coping strategy that exacerbates the effects of aggression on work–family conflict, whereas resilience represents a protective resource against emotional exhaustion. Implications for nursing management Hospital organisations could benefit from providing their staff with stress management interventions, aggression management, psychological support and psychological resilience training programmes. These programmes should incorporate coping skills on establishing work–home boundaries and balancing empathy with cognitive problem‐solving abilities.
Maternal-Fetal Therapy: The (Psycho)Social Dilemma

their development (Campo-Engelstein, Kaufman, and Parker 2019). While we worry about the continual erosion of women’s reproductive rights, denying the significance of psychosocial considerations in pregnancy and reproduction paints too simplistic of a view, reducing women to their reproductive capacity and completely overlooking men’s role. To move toward gender equity, we must acknowledge the psychosocial harms and benefits associated with pregnancy, reproduction, and child-rearing. Doing so embraces the complexity of our lived experience and better aligns with The World Health Organization’s definition of health is “a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (World Health Organization 2020). Both reproductive medicine and psychosocial health have often been relegated to the domestic realm—seen as a private, personal, and feminine matter—instead of under the purview of medicine. Affirming the importance of these two areas and their relation to one another will help engender more appropriate and ethical standards for fetal therapy trials.
TRIAXIAL TEST STUDY ON MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ASPHALT CONCRETE IN THE CORE WALL OF EARTH-ROCK FILL DAM

Based on the triaxial test results in the core wall of Maopingxi earth-rock fill dam which is the part of the Three Gorges Project in China,the stress-strain relationship and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete are studied.From the test results,it is found that the stress-strain curve of asphalt concrete included two phases of strain-harding and strain-softing;and that the triaxial test curve was a hump curve,which consists of shear-dilatancy and shear-compression during the shear test.The failure criterion of asphalt concrete was not in good agree with the Mohr-Coulomb criterion.The envelope line of shear strength was nonlinearly changing and downward bending with the increasing of confining pressure.The Nanshui nonlinear model was adopted to describe the characteristics of the stress-strain relationship of the asphalt concrete and compared with the Duncan-Chang nonlinear model.The comparative results indicated that the Nanshui nonlinear model seemed better to describe the mechanical properties of the asphalt concrete.
A Dual response choice experiments (DRCE) design to assess rabbit meat preference in Catalonia: A Heterocscedatistic extreme-value model

Purpose – This paper seeks to analyze consumer preferences toward fresh rabbit meat and obstacles and interest in consuming the product.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses the dual response choice experiment (DRCE) design which allows for analyzing forced and unforced options in choice experiments using the same sample. The heteroscedastic extreme‐value (HEV) model is used due to its relaxation of the restrictive assumption made in the multinomial logit model regarding the identically distributed error term across alternatives. The empirical analysis uses consumer‐level questionnaires to elicit information regarding consumer attitudes toward rabbit meat in Catalonia (Spain). Findings – The results demonstrate a higher preference for rabbit meat from “Catalan” origin followed by higher quality certification information. Convenience and “ready‐to‐eat” products made from rabbit meat may help bolster increased consumption. An effective communication campaign is needed to educate individuals regarding .
Increased toe flexor strength does not relate to altered postural sway during static upright standing after 12 weeks of multicomponent exercise training

ABSTRACT This study investigated whether an increase in toe flexor strength influenced postural control during static upright standing after 12 weeks of multicomponent exercise training in healthy young men. Twelve men (18–23 yrs) performed multicomponent exercise 3 days per week for 12 weeks. Twelve additional age-matched men were recruited for the untrained control group. The multicomponent exercise training consisted of strengthening and balance exercises for the foot and leg muscles. Toe flexor strength, foot arch height and postural control were assessed before, during, and after exercise training. Postural control was evaluated using the path of the centre of pressure, which was obtained with a force plate under three standing conditions: double-leg standing with eyes open, double-leg standing with eyes closed, and single-leg standing with eyes open. The dominant leg was used for single-leg standing. After exercise training, toe flexor strength increased by approximately 32% (p < 0.01), whereas the foot arch height did not change. The centre of pressure variables during double-leg standing did not change after exercise training; however, these variables decreased during single-leg standing. None of the variables in the control group changed after exercise training. The relative increase in toe flexor strength was not correlated with the relative improvement in the centre of pressure variables during single-leg standing after 12 weeks of exercise training (total length, r = 0.1734; mean velocity, r = 0.1734; sway area, r = −0.1372). These findings suggest that increased toe flexor strength has no significant effect on static postural control ability after exercise training in young men. Highlights Twelve weeks of multicomponent exercise training aimed at strengthening foot and leg muscles increased toe flexor strength. Multicomponent exercise training did not alter postural stability during double-leg standing, but improved postural stability during single-leg standing. Increased toe flexor strength did not relate to altered postural stability during static upright standings after 12 weeks of exercise training.
Multiple lines of evidence of early goose domestication in a 7,000-y-old rice cultivation village in the lower Yangtze River, China

Significance We studied goose bones from Tianluoshan—a 7,000-y-old rice cultivation village in the lower Yangtze River valley, China—using histological, geochemical, biochemical, and morphological approaches. Our analyses reveal an early stage of goose domestication at Tianluoshan. The goose population seemed to have been maintained for several generations without the introduction of individuals from other populations and might have been fed cultivated paddy rice. These findings indicate that goose domestication dates back 7,000 y, making geese the oldest domesticated poultry species in history.
Dose-Dense Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin or Gemcitabine and Cisplatin as Perioperative Chemotherapy for Patients With Nonmetastatic Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Results of the GETUG-AFU V05 VESPER Trial

PURPOSE The optimal perioperative chemotherapy regimen for patients with nonmetastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer is not defined. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between February 2013 and March 2018, 500 patients were randomly assigned in 28 French centers and received either six cycles of dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (dd-MVAC) once every 2 weeks or four cycles of gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) once every 3 weeks before surgery (neoadjuvant group) or after surgery (adjuvant group). We report the primary end point of the GETUG-AFU V05 VESPER trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01812369): progression-free survival (PFS) at 3 years. Secondary end points were time to progression and overall survival. RESULTS Four hundred thirty-seven patients (88%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy; 60% of patients received the planned six cycles in the dd-MVAC arm, 84% received four cycles in the GC arm, and thereafter, 91% and 90% of patients underwent surgery, respectively. Organ-confined response (< ypT3N0) was observed more frequently in the dd-MVAC arm (77% v 63%, P = .001). In the adjuvant group, 40% of patients received six cycles in the dd-MVAC arm, and 81% of patients received four cycles in the GC arm. For all patients in the clinical trial, 3-year PFS was improved in the dd-MVAC arm, but the study did not meet its primary end point (3-year rate: 64% v 56%, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77 [95% CI, 0.57 to 1.02], P = .066); nevertheless, the dd-MVAC arm was associated with a significantly longer time to progression (3-year rate: 69% v 58%, HR = 0.68 [95% CI, 0.50 to 0.93], P = .014). In the neoadjuvant group, PFS at 3 years was significantly higher in the dd-MVAC arm (66% v 56%, HR = 0.70 [95% CI, 0.51 to 0.96], P = .025). CONCLUSION In the VESPER trial, dd-MVAC improved 3-years PFS over GC. In the neoadjuvant group, a better bladder tumor local control and a significant improvement in 3-year PFS were observed in the dd-MVAC arm. The VESPER trial suggested that in the future, dd-MVAC should become the gold standard for neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Catchment Area: An Opportunity for Collective Impact, Strategic Collaboration, and Complementary Focus.

Since NCI's 2016 guidance to define a catchment area and describe aims for community outreach and engagement to address community needs and priorities, cancer center leaders and researchers have begun to see how this focused attention brings impact. DelNero, Buller and colleagues highlight coverage of the US based on catchment areas of 63 NCI Designated Cancer Centers. The data visualization naturally lends itself to consideration of future opportunities for strategic collaboration and complementary focus among the 63 designated cancer centers included in their analysis.
High body weight variability is associated with increased risk of depression: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea

Abstract Background Body weight variability (BWV) negatively affects the incidence and outcomes of various diseases, but the nature of the association between BWV and depression remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that BWV is associated with the risk of new-onset depression. Methods Data from a nationwide population-based cohort in the Korean National Health Insurance Service database were analyzed for 6 598 570 adults with no history of depression and reports of at least three health examinations. BWV was estimated using variability independent of the mean indices and divided into quartiles (Q1 lowest, Q4 highest BWV). Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess the risk of depression according to the quartile of BWV. Results The incident rate for depression from Q1 to Q4 of BWV was 20.7, 20.3, 20.8, and 22.2 per 1000 person-years, respectively. BWV, especially high BWV, was associated with an increased risk of depression after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, income, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The hazard ratio (HR) of new-onset depression was highest in Q4 relative to Q1 in the total population (HR 1.12, p < 0.0001) and was higher in women than in men (HR 1.72 v. 1.16, p < 0.0001). In stratified analyses, regardless of obesity or weight change status at baseline, the risk of depression was increased when bodyweight fluctuated highly during follow-up. Conclusions High BWV was associated with an increased risk of depression. Further studies need to evaluate the role of high BWV with respect to the onset of depression.