Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Excitation of Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves in Earth's Magnetotail

This dissertation investigates the generation mechanism, spatial distribution and characteristics of electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves under different plasma sheet conditions, and quantifies the role of these waves in producing the diffuse aurora. THEMIS observations from five magnetotail seasons, along with ray-tracing, and electron diffusion codes have been utilized towards that goal. By modeling the wave growth and quasi-linear pitch-angle diffusion of electrons with realistic parameters for the magnetic field, loss-cone distribution and wave intensity (obtained from observations as a function of magnetotail location), we estimate the loss-cone fill ratio and the contribution of auroral energy flux from wave-induced electron precipitation. We conclude that ECH waves are the dominant driver of electron precipitation in the middle to outer magnetotail.
An Analysis of the Environment and Gas Content of Luminous Infrared Galaxies

Title of Dissertation: An Analysis of the Environment and Gas Content of Luminous Infrared Galaxies Bevin Ashley Zauderer, Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Dissertation directed by: Professor Stuart N. Vogel Department of Astronomy Luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs) represent a population among the most extreme in our universe, emitting an extraordinary amount of energy at infrared wavelengths from dust heated by prolific star formation and/or an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We present three investigations of U/LIRGs to better understand their global environment, their interstellar medium properties, and their nuclear region where molecular gas feeds a starburst or AGN. To study the global environment, we compute the spatial cluster-galaxy amplitude, Bgc, for 76 z < 0.3 ULIRGs. We find the environment of ULIRGs is similar to galaxies in the field. Comparing our results with other galactic populations, we conclude that ULIRGs might be a phase in the lives of AGNs and QSOs, but not all moderate-luminosity QSOs necessarily pass through a ULIRG phase. To study the interstellar medium properties, we observe H I and other spectral lines in 77 U/LIRGs with the Arecibo telescope. We detect H I in emission or absorption in 61 of 77 galaxies, 52 being new detections. We compute the implied gas mass for galaxies with emission, and optical depths and column densities for the seven sources with absorption detections. To study the molecular gas in the nuclear region of LIRG Arp 193, sub-arcsecond scale angular resolution is required and a method of atmospheric phase correction imperative. We present results of a large experiment observing bright quasars to test the limitations of the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy’s Paired Antenna Calibration System (C-PACS) for atmospheric phase correction. We conclude that C-PACS improves imaging capabilities when the atmospheric calibrator is nearby (≤ 6), bright (> 1 Jy), and at moderately high elevation (> 45). We map Arp 193 in CO(2-1) with CARMA, achieving 0.18 × 0.12 (∼65 pc) resolution, and demonstrating an improvement with C-PACS. We compute a molecular gas mass of 2 × 10 M⊙ and find ∼20% of the total mass is in the form of molecular gas out to a radius of 750 pc. In the inner 150 pc of the nucleus, N(H2) > 10 25 cm. An Analysis of the Environment and Gas Content of Luminous Infrared Galaxies by Bevin Ashley Zauderer Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland at College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2010
Rapid Communications Polarized Alloantigen Presentation by Airway Epithelial Cells Contributes to Direct CD81 T Cell Activation in the Airway

Activated T lymphocytes are abundant in the airway during lung allograft rejection. Based on respiratory viral studies, it is the current paradigm that T cells cannot divide in the airway, and that their accumulation in the lumen of the respiratory tract is the exclusive result of recruitment from other sites, such as mediastinal lymph nodes. Here, we show that CD81 T cell activation and proliferation can occur in the airway after orthotopic lung transplantation. We also demonstrate that airway epithelium expresses major histocompatibility class I predominantly on the apical surface, both in vitro and in vivo, and initiates CD81 T cell responses in a polarized fashion, favoring luminal activation. Our data identify a unique site for CD81 T cell activation after lung transplantation, and suggest that attenuating these responses may provide a clinically relevant target.
Pig oocyte activation utilizing a Zn2+ chelator, TPEN

Artificial oocyte activation is a critical step during somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Most of current activation protocols focus on inducing an increase in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration of the oocyte. Here, we have utilized a zinc chelator, TPEN, to enhance the efficiency of oocyte activation during SCNT. TPEN treatment of matured pig oocytes resulted in the reduction of available Zn2+ in pig oocytes; however, the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in the oocytes was not affected by the TPEN treatment. When various concentrations (100 – 250 μM) and incubation durations (45 min – 2.5 hours) of TPEN were used to activate oocytes, the efficiency of oocyte activation was not different from conventional activation methods. When oocytes that were activated by conventional activation methods were incubated with a lower concentration of TPEN (5 – 10 μM), a significant increase in embryos developing to the blastocyst stage was observed. In addition, when oocytes receiving a small Ca2+ stimulus were further activated by higher concentration of TPEN (100 – 200 μM), a significant increase in the frequency of blastocyst formation was observed, compared to a conventional activation method. This result indicated that TPEN can be a main reagent in oocyte activation. No increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ level was detected when oocytes were exposed to various concentrations of TPEN, indicating the ability of TPEN to induce oocyte activation is independent of an intracellular Ca2+ increase. We were able to produce clones through SCNT using the TPEN-assisted activation procedure, and the piglets produced through the process did not show any signs of abnormality. In this study, we have Correspondence: Kiho Lee or Randall S Prather, Contact information, Kiho Lee, 3100 Litton-Reaves Hall, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, (540) 231-1906, kiholee@vt.edu; Randall S Prather, Animal Science Research Center, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, (573) 882-6414, pratherr@missouri.edu. Conflict of Interest: The University of Missouri has filed a patent on using the above procedures to activate oocytes. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Theriogenology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 October 01. Published in final edited form as: Theriogenology. 2015 October 1; 84(6): 1024–1032. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology. 2015.05. 036. A uhor M anscript
Gene expression analysis of blood, liver, and muscle in cattle divergently selected for high and low residual feed intake1

Improving feed efficiency in cattle is important because it increases profitability by reducing costs, and it also shrinks the environmental footprint of cattle production by decreasing manure and greenhouse gas emissions. Residual feed intake (RFI) is 1 measurement of feed efficiency and is the difference between actual and predicted feed intake. Residual feed intake is a complex trait with moderate heritability, but the genes and biological processes associated with its variation still need to be found. We explored the variation in expression of genes using RNA sequencing to find genes whose expression was associated with RFI and then investigated the pathways that are enriched for these genes. In this study, we used samples from growing Angus bulls (muscle and liver tissues) and lactating Holstein cows (liver tissue and white blood cells) divergently selected for low and high RFI. Within each breed-tissue combination, the correlation between the expression of genes and RFI phenotypes, as well as GEBV, was calculated to determine the genes whose expression was correlated with RFI. There were 16,039 genes expressed in more than 25% of samples in 1 or more tissues. The expression of 6,143 genes was significantly associated with RFI phenotypes, and expression of 2,343 genes was significantly associated with GEBV for RFI (P < 0.05) in at least 1 tissue. The genes whose expression was correlated with RFI phenotype (or GEBV) within each breed-tissue combination were enriched for 158 (78) biological processes (Fisher Exact Statistics for gene-enrichment analysis, EASE score < 0.1) and associated with 13 (13) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways (P < 0.05 and fold enrichment > 2). These biological processes were related to regulation of transcription, translation, energy generation, cell cycling, apoptosis, and proteolysis. However, the direction of the correlation between RFI and gene expression in some cases reversed between tissues. For instance, low levels of proteolysis in muscle were associated with high efficiency in growing bulls, but high levels of proteolysis in white blood cells were associated with efficiency of milk production in lactating cows.
Constitutive increases in corticotropin releasing factor and fatty acid amide hydrolase drive an anxious phenotype

Background—Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mediates anxiogenic responses by activating CRF1 receptors in limbic brain regions. Anxiety is further modulated by the endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) system that attenuates the synaptic effects of stress. In the amygdala, acute stress activates the enzymatic clearance of the eCB N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide; AEA) via fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), although it is unclear whether chronic stress induces maladaptive changes in amygdalar eCB signaling to promote anxiety. Here, we used genetically-selected Marchigian Sardinian P (msP) rats carrying an innate overexpression of CRF1 receptors to study the role of constitutive upregulation in CRF systems on amygdalar eCB function and persistent anxiety-like effects. Methods—We applied behavioral, pharmacological, and biochemical methods to broadly characterize anxiety-like behaviors and amygdalar eCB clearance enzymes in msP versus nonselected Wistar rats. Subsequent studies examined the influence of dysregulated CRF and FAAH systems in altering excitatory transmission in the central amygdala (CeA). Results—MsPs display an anxious phenotype accompanied by elevations in amygdalar FAAH activity and reduced dialysate AEA levels in the CeA. Elevations in CRF-CRF1 signaling dysregulate FAAH activity, and this genotypic difference is normalized with pharmacological blockade of CRF1 receptors. MsPs also exhibit elevated baseline glutamatergic transmission in the CeA, and dysregulated CRF-FAAH facilitates stress-induced increases in glutamatergic activity. Corresponding Author: Dr. Marisa Roberto, Ph.D., Professor, Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, SP30-1150, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Tel: (858) 784-7262, Fax: (858) 784-7405, mroberto@scripps.edu. *Deceased as of June 21, 2016 Financial Disclosures The authors of this manuscript report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Biol Psychiatry. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 October 01. Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2017 October 01; 82(7): 500–510. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych. 2017.01. 005. A uhor M anscript
Autonomic Activation During Sleep in PTSD and Panic: A Mattress Actigraphic Study

Background—While it has been reported that persons with posttraumatic stress disorder manifest tonic autonomic activation, the literature contains numerous counter-examples. In revisiting the question, this study employed a novel method of mattress actigraphy to unobtrusively estimate heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia over multiple nights of sleep in the home. Method—Sleep cardiac autonomic status was estimated in four diagnostic groups, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, persons comorbid for both conditions, and controls. All 59 participants were community-residing non-veterans screened for sleep apnea and period leg movement disorder with polysomnography. Heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia were calculated from the kinetocardiogram signal measured via accelerometers embedded in a mattress topper. Times in bed and asleep were also estimated. Per participant data were obtained from a median of 12 nights. Results—Both posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder/panic disorder comorbid groups exhibited significantly higher heart rates and lower respiratory sinus arrhythmia magnitudes than panic disorder participants and controls. Panic disorder participants were indistinguishable from controls. The PTSD-only group exhibited longer times in bed and longer times presumably asleep than the other three groups. Conclusion—In this study, posttraumatic stress disorder but not panic disorder was associated with altered cardiac autonomic status during sleep. Among participants meeting criteria for PTSD alone, autonomic activation co-occurred with prolongation of actigraphic sleep. Corresponding Author: Steven H. Woodward, PhD, National Center for PTSD, Dissemination and Training Division, Mail Code 334 PTSD, VA Palo Alto HCS, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA, V: 650-493-5000 x22111, F: 650-617-2701, steve.woodward@va.gov. All other authors reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Biol Psychiatry. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 July 1. Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2009 July 1; 66(1): 41–46. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych. 2009.01. 005. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript
Intracellular Mechanics of Migrating Fibroblasts□D

Cell migration is a highly coordinated process that occurs through the translation of biochemical signals into specific biomechanical events. The biochemical and structural properties of the proteins involved in cell motility, as well as their subcellular localization, have been studied extensively. However, how these proteins work in concert to generate the mechanical properties required to produce global motility is not well understood. Using intracellular microrheology and a fibroblast scratch-wound assay, we show that cytoskeleton reorganization produced by motility results in mechanical stiffening of both the leading lamella and the perinuclear region of motile cells. This effect is significantly more pronounced in the leading edge, suggesting that the mechanical properties of migrating fibroblasts are spatially coordinated. Disruption of the microtubule network by nocodazole treatment results in the arrest of cell migration and a loss of subcellular mechanical polarization; however, the overall mechanical properties of the cell remain mostly unchanged. Furthermore, we find that activation of Rac and Cdc42 in quiescent fibroblasts elicits mechanical behavior similar to that of migrating cells. We conclude that a polarized mechanics of the cytoskelton is essential for directed cell migration and is coordinated through microtubules.
ORDON K. MOE LECTURE: CARDIAC EP SOCIETY tem cells in the heart: What’s the buzz all about?—Part 1: reclinical considerations

K c ( New approaches for cardiac repair have been enabled by the iscovery that the heart contains its own reservoir of stem cells. hese cells are positive for various stem/progenitor cell markers, re self-renewing, and exhibit multilineage differentiation potenial. Recently we developed a method for ex vivo expansion of ardiac-derived stem cells from human myocardial biopsies with a iew to subsequent autologous transplantation for myocardial egeneration. Here we review the state of the cardiac stem cell eld and our own work on cardiosphere-derived stem cells from uman hearts. The first of this two-part review outlines emerging
Impact of Geotechnical Barrier Modelled in the Vicinity of a Building Structures Located in Mining Area

The paper presents a new geotechnical solution indicating a possibility of effective building structures protection. The presented solutions enable minimization of negative effects of underground mining operations. Results of numerical modelling have been presented for an example of design of preventive ditches reducing the influence of mining operations on the ground surface. To minimize the mining damage or to reduce its reach it is reasonable to look for technical solutions, which would enable effective protection of building structures. So far authors concentrated primarily on the development of building structure protection methods to minimize the damage caused by the underground mining. The application of geotechnical methods, which could protect building structures against the mining damage, was not considered so far in scientific papers. It should be noticed that relatively few publications are directly related to those issues and there are no practical examples of effective geotechnical protection. This paper presents a geotechnical solution indicating a possibility of effective protection of building structures. The presented solutions enable minimization of negative effects of underground mining operations. Results of numerical modelling have been presented for an example of design of preventive ditches reducing the influence of mining operations on the ground surface. The calculations were carried out in the Abaqus software, based on the finite element method.
New Guinea Populations

The Gm and Inv allotypes of human immunoglobulin G(IgG) have proven to be effective markers for delineating the races and subpopulations within races of man (see [ 1, 2 ] for recent reviews). Despite their great variability among human populations, no association between them and disease has been established. One aspect of this study is to examine the relation between the IgG allotypes and kuru in New Guinea. An early study of the Gm allotypes of populations from a series of villages in the Markham Valley of New Guinea showed that the populations speaking Melanesian (MN) dialects could be distinguished from those speaking non-Austronesian (NAN) dialects on the basis of their allotypes [3]. The Gm' and Gm1,2 phenogroups are more frequent among the NAN speakers in this region than among MN speakers. The Gm",5"3"4 phenogroup is essentially equally frequent among the two groups, but the Gml3'5"13'14 phenogroup is more frequent among MN speakers than among the NAN speakers [4, 5]. Curtain et al. [6] have essentially confirmed these findings for other New Guinea populations. The Gm",5"13"4 phenogroup, although common in New Guinea, has not been detected thus far among the Melanesian people on the Solomon Islands of Bougainville or Malaita [3, 5, 7] regardless of the language group to which the population donating the samples belongs. The Lau (MN speakers) on Malaita are polymorphic for the Gml2'5"13'14 phenogroup [5]. Thus far, it is the only population shown to be polymorphic for this phenogroup, although it has been reported in Negroids [8, 9]. The Inv allotypes do not differ in frequency among the populations in the Markham Valley [3], but Inv' appears to be less frequent among the Western Highlands population than among the coastal populations [6]. The Inv allotypes exhibit a north-south cline among several populations from Bougainville, with a high frequency of Inv' in the north [7]. The cline may continue to Malaita, which is southeast of Bougainville [5].
A Comparison of Patient-Reported and Measured Range of Motion in a Cohort of Total Knee Replacement Patients

Range of motion (ROM) is an important component of the assessment of total knee replacement (TKR) outcome. We compared patient-reported versus clinically observed ROM in a prospective cohort. Clinically observed ROM was measured using a goniometer by a trained research assistant. Self-reported ROM was estimated using a set of lateral knee photographs depicting varying levels of flexion and extension. All measures were taken pre-operatively, three, and six months postoperatively. We found statistically significant associations between self-reported ROM and clinically observed ROM for flexion and extension (all P<0.001). We dichotomized flexion at 90 degrees and found that self-report had a specificity of 94% and sensitivity of 65%. We conclude that patient-reported ROM may be a useful outcome measure for TKR.
Regulation of b-cell function by RNA-binding proteins%

β-cells of the pancreatic islets are highly specialized and high-throughput units for the production of insulin, the key hormone for maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Elevation of extracellular glucose and/or GLP-1 levels triggers a rapid upregulation of insulin biosynthesis through the activation of post-transcriptional mechanisms. RNA-binding proteins are emerging as key factors in the regulation of these mechanisms as well as in other aspects of β-cell function and glucose homeostasis at large, and thus may be implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Here we review current research in the field, with a major emphasis on RNA-binding proteins that control biosynthesis of insulin and other components of the insulin secretory granules by modulating the stability and translation of their mRNAs. & 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.