Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Constructionist Review of Morality and Emotions

Morality and emotions are linked, but what is the nature of their correspondence? Many “whole number” accounts posit specific correspondences between moral content and discrete emotions, such that harm is linked to anger, and purity is linked to disgust. A review of the literature provides little support for these specific morality–emotion links. Moreover, any apparent specificity may arise from global features shared between morality and emotion, such as affect and conceptual content. These findings are consistent with a constructionist perspective of the mind, which argues against a whole number of discrete and domain-specific mental mechanisms underlying morality and emotion. Instead, constructionism emphasizes the flexible combination of basic and domain-general ingredients such as core affect and conceptualization in creating the experience of moral judgments and discrete emotions. The implications of constructionism in moral psychology are discussed, and we propose an experimental framework for rigorously testing morality–emotion links.
The 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test: Accuracy for Individualizing Interval Training of Young Intermittent Sport Players

The objective of this study was to gather evidence supporting the accuracy of the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT) for individualizing interval training of young intermittent sport players. In 59 young intermittent sport players (age, 16.2 ± 2.3 years), we observed the relationships between the maximal running speed (MRS) reached at the end of the 30-15IFT (MRS30-15IFT) and physiological variables elicited by shuttle intermittent runs, including maximal oxygen uptake, explosive power of lower limbs, and the ability to repeat intense exercise bouts through cardiorespiratory recovery kinetics during exercise. To observe the capacity of the 30-15IFT to prescribe suitable running intensities for interval training sessions, we compared heart rates (HRs) reached during 3 series of intermittent runs, where distances were set according to the MRS30-15IFT and to MRS reached with 2 popular continuous field tests: the University of Montreal track test and the 20-m shuttle run test. The results show that the MRS30-15IFT is significantly correlated with all physiological variables elicited by shuttle intermittent runs (P < 0.05). Although mean HR were not different among the 3 series of intermittent runs, HR recorded during the runs based on MRS30-15IFT presented significantly less interindividual variation than when the continuously determined MRS were used as reference speeds. In conclusion, we can say that the 30-15IFT leads to an MRS that simultaneously takes into account various physiological qualities elicited when performing shuttle intermittent runs. For scheduling interval training sessions, the MRS30-15IFT appears to be an accurate reference speed for getting players with different physiological profiles to a similar level of cardiorespiratory demand and thus for standardizing training content.
Offspring of Mothers Fed a High Fat Diet Display Hepatic Cell Cycle Inhibition and Associated Changes in Gene Expression and DNA Methylation

The association between an adverse early life environment and increased susceptibility to later-life metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease is described by the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis. Employing a rat model of maternal high fat (MHF) nutrition, we recently reported that offspring born to MHF mothers are small at birth and develop a postnatal phenotype that closely resembles that of the human metabolic syndrome. Livers of offspring born to MHF mothers also display a fatty phenotype reflecting hepatic steatosis and characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In the present study we hypothesised that a MHF diet leads to altered regulation of liver development in offspring; a derangement that may be detectable during early postnatal life. Livers were collected at postnatal days 2 (P2) and 27 (P27) from male offspring of control and MHF mothers (n = 8 per group). Cell cycle dynamics, measured by flow cytometry, revealed significant G0/G1 arrest in the livers of P2 offspring born to MHF mothers, associated with an increased expression of the hepatic cell cycle inhibitor Cdkn1a. In P2 livers, Cdkn1a was hypomethylated at specific CpG dinucleotides and first exon in offspring of MHF mothers and was shown to correlate with a demonstrable increase in mRNA expression levels. These modifications at P2 preceded observable reductions in liver weight and liver∶brain weight ratio at P27, but there were no persistent changes in cell cycle dynamics or DNA methylation in MHF offspring at this time. Since Cdkn1a up-regulation has been associated with hepatocyte growth in pathologic states, our data may be suggestive of early hepatic dysfunction in neonates born to high fat fed mothers. It is likely that these offspring are predisposed to long-term hepatic dysfunction.
Oxidative Stress and Response to Thymidylate Synthase-Targeted Antimetabolites s

Thymidylate synthase (TYMS; EC 2.1.1.15) catalyzes the reductive methylation of 2ʹ-deoxyuridine-5ʹ-monophosphate (dUMP) by N,N-methyhlenetetrahydrofolate, forming dTMP for the maintenance of DNA replication and repair. Inhibitors of TYMS have been widely used in the treatment of neoplastic disease. A number of fluoropyrimidine and folate analogs have been developed that lead to inhibition of the enzyme, resulting in dTMP deficiency and cell death. In the current study, we have examined the role of oxidative stress in response to TYMS inhibitors. We observed that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations are induced by these inhibitors and promote apoptosis. Activation of the enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX), which catalyzes one-electron reduction of O2 to generate superoxide (O2 ), is a significant source of increased ROS levels in drug-treated cells. However, gene expression profiling revealed a number of other redox-related genes that may contribute to ROS generation. TYMS inhibitors also induce a protective response, including activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a critical mediator of defense against oxidative and electrophilic stress. Our results show that exposure to TYMS inhibitors induces oxidative stress that leads to cell death, while simultaneously generating a protective response that may underlie resistance against such death.
Dihydroartemisinin counteracts fibrotic portal hypertension via farnesoid X receptor‐dependent inhibition of hepatic stellate cell contraction

Portal hypertension is a frequent pathological symptom occurring especially in hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Current paradigms indicate that inhibition of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and contraction is anticipated to be an attractive therapeutic strategy, because activated HSC dominantly facilitates an increase in intrahepatic vein pressure through secreting extracellular matrix and contracting. Our previous in vitro study indicated that dihydroartemisinin (DHA) inhibited contractility of cultured HSC by activating intracellular farnesoid X receptor (FXR). However, the effect of DHA on fibrosis‐related portal hypertension still requires clarification. In this study, gain‐ and loss‐of‐function models of FXR in HSC were established to investigate the mechanisms underlying DHA protection against chronic CCl4‐caused hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension. Immunofluorescence staining visually showed a decrease in FXR expression in CCl4‐administrated rat HSC but an increase in that in DHA‐treated rat HSC. Serum diagnostics and morphological analyses consistently indicated that DHA exhibited hepatoprotective effects on CCl4‐induced liver injury. DHA also reduced CCl4‐caused inflammatory mediator expression and inflammatory cell infiltration. These improvements were further enhanced by INT‐747 but weakened by Z‐guggulsterone. Noteworthily, DHA, analogous to INT‐747, significantly lowered portal vein pressure and suppressed fibrogenesis. Experiments on mice using FXR shRNA lentivirus consolidated the results above. Mechanistically, inhibition of HSC activation and contraction was found as a cellular basis for DHA to relieve portal hypertension. These findings demonstrated that DHA attenuated portal hypertension in fibrotic rodents possibly by targeting HSC contraction via a FXR activation‐dependent mechanism. FXR could be a target molecule for reducing portal hypertension during hepatic fibrosis.
Assessment of Depression After Stroke

Background and Purpose—Assessing poststroke depression may be complicated by aphasia, other cognitive deficits, and several somatic stroke-related symptoms. We studied the possible differences in performance of some commonly used instruments in screening depression after stroke. Methods—We compared the Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Visual Analogue Mood Scale, proxy assessment, and Clinical Global Impression of the nursing and study personnel, together with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition, Revised diagnosis, in assessing depression after stroke in a follow-up study of 100 patients. The patients were studied at 2 weeks and at 2, 6, 12, and 18 months after stroke. Results—The feasibility rates of all assessment instruments studied were fairly similar, but the prevalence rates differed according to the assessment instruments, varying from the lowest rates with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition, Revised-based diagnosis up to 3-fold with caregiver ratings. The sensitivity and specificity against the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria were acceptable with the Clinical Global Impression, Beck Depression Inventory, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, mostly in the range of 0.70 to 1.00. The caregiver ratings were higher than the patient ratings (P 0.001) and correlated with the caregiver’s own Beck Depression Inventory (0.60 to 0.61, P 0.001). The Visual Analogue Mood Scale was not a sensitive instrument (sensitivity, 0.20 to 0.60) and did not correlate with the Beck Depression Inventory during the first year after stroke. Conclusions—Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Clinical Global Impression assessment by professionals, in addition to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition, Revised diagnosis, are useful in assessing depression, but none of these instruments clearly stood apart from the others. Proxy ratings should be used with caution, and the use of the Visual Analogue Mood Scale among patients with aphasia and other cognitive impairments cannot be recommended. (Stroke. 2009;40:523-529.)
Diversity gains for MIMO wireless optical intensity channels with atmospheric fading and misalignment

A general channel model for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) free-space optical (FSO) communication systems impaired by atmospheric and misalignment fading is developed. The outage probability as a performance measure is derived and the diversity gain is analyzed. It is shown that the diversity gain is independent of the number of transmitters and receivers and only determined based on the misalignment parameters.
Road segmentation using multipass single-pol synthetic aperture radar imagery

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a remote sensing technology that can truly operate 24/7. It's an all-weather system that can operate at any time except in the most extreme conditions. By making multiple passes over a wide area, a SAR can provide surveillance over a long time period. For high level processing it is convenient to segment and classify the SAR images into objects that identify various terrains and man-made structures that we call “static features. ” In this paper we concentrate on automatic road segmentation. This not only serves as a surrogate for finding other static features, but road detection in of itself is important for aligning SAR images with other data sources. In this paper we introduce a novel SAR image product that captures how different regions decorrelate at different rates. We also show how a modified Kolmogorov-Smirnov test can be used to model the static features even when the independent observation assumption is violated.
A tractable algorithm for fair and efficient uplink scheduling of multi-hop wimax mesh networks

The IEEE 802.16 standard, also known as WiMax, provides a mechanism for deploying high-speed wireless mesh network in metropolitan areas. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for the data sub-channel allocation, i.e., transmission scheduling, of WiMax based mesh networks. The goal is to increase spatial reuse, achieve high system throughput, and provide fair access for the subscriber stations. In contrast to the previous "hard" fairness definitions, we introduce a new fairness notion that is imposed contingent on the actual traffic demands, in such a way that a higher capacity region can be achieved. We formulate a scheduling problem whose objective is to maximize the system throughput under our fairness model. We also develop an efficient algorithm to find the optimal schedule and the accompanying resource allocation. The performance of the scheduling algorithm is evaluated through simulations.
Stream bank erosion of tributaries in the Southern Blue Ridge Mountains

MOUNTAINS by JAMES COLIN ROGERS (Under the Direction of David S. Leigh) ABSTRACT Deforestation followed by soil erosion and subsequent deposition of alluvium in valleys played a critical role in the formation of an historical terrace (Leigh 2010). This terrace adds significant amount of sediment to the tributaries of the Southern Blue Ridge as streams laterally erode the terrace banks. This study examines the contribution of total sediment yield derived solely from eroded historical terrace banks in small watersheds (<20 km2) by using floodplain widths as proxies for long-term lateral erosion rates. The bank-derived sediment yield estimates are modeled from the predicted floodplain widths and erodible terrace bank heights with linear regression. Total stream length is a good predictor of both lateral erosion rates and erodible bank heights. Lateral migration and sediment yield results compare favorably to independent yield measurements from five independent watersheds in the region. Modeled estimates fall within 50 percent or better of the observed values at 17.25 to 26.42 tonnes/km2/yr.
Performance of Microarray and Liquid Based Capture Methods for Target Enrichment for Massively Parallel Sequencing and SNP Discovery

Targeted sequencing is a cost-efficient way to obtain answers to biological questions in many projects, but the choice of the enrichment method to use can be difficult. In this study we compared two hybridization methods for target enrichment for massively parallel sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery, namely Nimblegen sequence capture arrays and the SureSelect liquid-based hybrid capture system. We prepared sequencing libraries from three HapMap samples using both methods, sequenced the libraries on the Illumina Genome Analyzer, mapped the sequencing reads back to the genome, and called variants in the sequences. 74–75% of the sequence reads originated from the targeted region in the SureSelect libraries and 41–67% in the Nimblegen libraries. We could sequence up to 99.9% and 99.5% of the regions targeted by capture probes from the SureSelect libraries and from the Nimblegen libraries, respectively. The Nimblegen probes covered 0.6 Mb more of the original 3.1 Mb target region than the SureSelect probes. In each sample, we called more SNPs and detected more novel SNPs from the libraries that were prepared using the Nimblegen method. Thus the Nimblegen method gave better results when judged by the number of SNPs called, but this came at the cost of more over-sampling.
Effect of Caries Experience in Primary Molars on Cavity Formation in the Adjacent Permanent First Molar

This study sought to address the influence of a sound versus affected first and/or second deciduous molar on the incidence of visible caries experience in the adjacent permanent first molar. Clinical and questionnaire data were obtained from a 6-year prospective oral health screening project in Flanders, Belgium (Signal-Tandmobiel® project), where 4,468 children (born in 1989) were examined annually during their primary school time. A multiple survival model allowing for dependent data with possible censoring was applied. The impact of timing of tooth emergence (determining the period at risk), gender, presence of sealants and reported oral hygiene habits was also considered. Cavity formation in permanent first molars was clearly influenced by the status of the adjacent primary molars;the effect of the second deciduous molar was most pronounced. Moreover, if both deciduous molars experienced caries and the child presented with poor oral hygiene, a peak in cavity formation of the permanent first molar 1–2 years after emergence was noticed. On the other hand, if a child presented with good oral hygiene, no peak was observed;caries risk increased slightly over time. No significant benefit from restoring primary molars could be demonstrated, possibly because of methodological limitations.
A Trusted Mobile Payment Scheme Based on Body Area Networks

With the development of intelligent mobile phones and the improvement of wireless communication infrastructure, mobile payment is gradually accepted by the public. However, since intelligent mobile phones are not trusted devices, mobile payment faces serious security problems. To address the problems, this paper designs a trusted mobile payment scheme based on body area networks. The scheme builds a bridge between a body area network deployed on the human body and an intelligent mobile phone by the fuzzy vault technology and the human interference, and imports the security from a body area network to the mobile payment to establish a trusted mobile payment system. Because the scheme uses PPG signals with high-entropies to produce authentication data, its security is superior to traditional mobile payment schemes; at the same time the scheme uses trusted body area networks to design mobile payment systems and does not use external trusted devices, which is convenient to the users.
Practical Inference With Systems of Gradual Implicative Rules

A general approach to practical inference with gradual implicative rules and fuzzy inputs is presented. Gradual rules represent constraints restricting outputs of a fuzzy system for each input. They are tailored for interpolative reasoning. Our approach to inference relies on the use of inferential independence. It is based on fuzzy output computation under an interval-valued input. A double decomposition of fuzzy inputs is done in terms of alpha-cuts and in terms of a partitioning of these cuts according to areas where only a few rules apply. The case of 1-D and 2-D inputs is considered, as well as higher dimensional cases. An application to a cheese-making process illustrates the approach.
On the “Frontier” Estimation of the “Inverse” Gravity Model

For instance, OLS estimation of this model requires the inclusion of a wide and an incomprehensive range of explanatory variables to examine how these variables contribute differently to trade costs across groups of countries or world regions. Further, trade potential estimates do not allow for inefficiencies in the trade process. Lastly, comparative statics of trade costs with trade growth under the absence of information on all components of bilateral trade costs is also not properly achieved.
Authoring of GRID-based virtual scientific experiments

In this paper the authoring process of grid resources for courses that include Virtual Scientific Experiments (VSEs) is presented. The grid resource structure and the related objects for this type of course are explained. The complexity of the problem is the reason for having a suitable set of authoring tools, which supports all the steps necessary to generate consistent resources. A simple example of a pendulum experiment illustrates the authoring process. The works is supported under the EU-funded ELeGI project.
Investigation of Lunar Spinels at Sinus Aestuum

Sinus Aestuum is the only known location on the Moon where orbital data have detected Fe‐and/or Cr‐spinel. We analyzed Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) visible to near‐infrared data of the largest and strongest spinel signatures and determined that these locations always correspond to impact craters. M3 spectra show that at least three types of spinels may be present, all of which exhibit a strong and broad absorption at ~2100 nm, and also one of the following: (1) a narrow 700–750 nm absorption, (2) a broad 600–900 nm absorption, or (3) both a weaker 700 nm and stronger 1000 nm absorption. All the spinel detections occur on either larger highland massifs that make up Sinus Aestuum east and west or smaller highland kīpukas and buried highlands within the mare. Almost all of the spinel signatures occur within the mapped pyroclastic dark mantle deposit (DMD). The strong correlation between spinel and DMD distribution on the highlands at Sinus Aestuum is best explained if the spinels were emplaced during the same explosive eruption(s) that deposited the pyroclastics in the Sinus Aestuum DMD. Our observations are most consistent with models of melt‐rock reactions in the anorthositic lunar crust that produce contaminated (high‐Al) regions within a volcanic dike or magmatic reservoir that was capable of erupting pyroclastic glass beads containing pleonaste spinel [Mg,Fe]Al2O4. Over billions of years, this surface layer of spinels and pyroclastics became heterogeneously mixed into and partially buried within the highland regolith where younger impact craters may sometimes expose it.
Algebraic network coding: A new perspective

Algebraic criteria for existence of scalar linear network codes to satisfy a set of connection requirements has been discussed extensively by Koetter and Médard. Solving for a network code is now known to be equivalent to solving a system of polynomial equations obtained by assigning variables to edges in the line graph of the network and computing a suitable transfer function. An alternative formulation for arriving at an equivalent system of polynomial equations is given in this paper based on the decomposition of the original network into trees, which we call “information flow trees”. The basic idea is to exploit the graph structure and assign variables suitably. Interestingly, the information flow tree approach results in only linear and degree-2 equations that can be simplified considerably in directed acyclic networks as shown in prior work. In this article, we provide an alternative derivation of the information flow tree approach that results in two further extensions to networks with cycles. The first extension is to flow acyclic solutions on any directed cyclic network. The second extension is to cyclic networks where all strongly connected components are simple cycles. Here the degree of the equations we are left to solve is limited to 4.