Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Collective Bargaining Shapes Poverty: New Evidence for Developed Countries

IZA DP No. 14555 JULY 2021 How Collective Bargaining Shapes Poverty: New Evidence for Developed Countries Although many studies point to the significant influence of collective bargaining institutions on earnings inequalities, evidence on how these institutions shape poverty rates across developed economies remains surprisingly scarce. It would be a mistake, though, to believe that the relationship between earnings inequalities and poverty is straightforward. Indeed, whereas earnings inequalities are measured at the individual level, poverty is calculated at the household level using equivalised (disposable) incomes. Accordingly, in most developed countries poverty is not primarily an issue of the working poor. This paper explicitly addresses the relationship between collective bargaining systems and working-age poverty rates in 24 developed countries over the period 1990-2015. Using an up-to-date and fine-grained taxonomy of bargaining systems and relying on state-of-the-art panel data estimation techniques, we find that countries with more centralised and/or coordinated bargaining systems display significantly lower working-age poverty rates than countries with largely or fully decentralised systems. However, this result only holds in a post-tax benefit scenario. Controlling for country-fixed effects and endogeneity, our estimates indeed suggest that the poverty-reducing effect of collective bargaining institutions stems from the political strength of trade unions in promoting public social spending rather than from any direct effect on earnings inequalities. JEL Classification: C23, C26, I32, I38, J51, J52
Give it Another Shot: Startup Experience and the Mobilization of Human Resources in New Ventures

IZA DP No. 14493 JUNE 2021 Give It Another Shot: Startup Experience and the Mobilization of Human Resources in New Ventures* Human resources can provide a competitive advantage to firms, but we still know little about how newly-founded ventures start mobilizing these resources. Given the central role of entrepreneurs’ background in designing the strategy of new firms, we investigate whether and how startup experience, namely past performance as entrepreneurs, influences employee mobilization strategies in new ventures. Integrating behavioral theories of the firm with regulatory focus theory, we postulate that serial entrepreneurs who failed in the past are more likely to be prevention oriented and change their employee mobilization strategies towards a more targeted hiring approach in subsequent ventures. Using Danish register data, we compare the employee sourcing practices of serial entrepreneurs with their former practices as novice entrepreneurs, as well as with a control group of first-time entrepreneurs who engage in serial venturing later on. We find that entrepreneurs who have already failed (i.e. discontinued a former business) select their employees from fewer sources in the labor market. Our tests lend support for learning as a key mechanism driving these differences. Alternative mechanisms such as selection effects, stigma of failure, and demand-side constraints are not empirically supported. JEL Classification: J24, L26, C01
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Presepsin as a Diagnostic Marker for Bacterial Meningitis in Pediatric Intensive Care Units

Background: Meningitis is an inflammation of the leptomeninges. The inflammation may be caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, other micro-organisms, or non-infective causes. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CSF-Presepsin in diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and in differentiation between bacterial and viral meningitis or aseptic meningitis. Patients and methods: The present study was a cross sectional study conducted in Intensive Care Unit and Pediatric Departments of El-Hommyat Hospital in Zagazig in the period from January 2017 to November 2017. The study included 50 patient of children with age from 6 months to 14 years with symptoms of CNS infection. Among the studied subjects there were 30 cases already diagnosed as bacterial meningitis and 20 cases already diagnosed to have viral meningitis (controls). Full history, clinical examination, and full laboratory tests were taken (Complete blood count (CBC) with differential leukocytic count, random blood sugar, serum CRP, and CSF analysis, CSF presepsin (psp) and CRP). Results: There was a significant increase in Presepsin and CRP in the CSF of cases of bacterial when compared to viral group. Additionally, there were significant direct correlation between CSF presepsin and CSF CRP to blood CRP, CSF total leucocytic count (TLC) and CSF protein and indirect correlation between CSF presepsin and hemoglobin level, platelet count and CSF glucose. Conclusion: CSF-Presepsin and CSF-CRP can be used in diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and can differentiate between them in bacterial and viral patients.
High-Performance Soybean-Oil-Based Epoxy Acrylate Resins: “Green” Synthesis and Application in UV-Curable Coatings

Novel soybean-oil-based (SBO-based) epoxy acrylate (EA) resins were developed via ring-opening reaction of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with hydroxyethyl methacrylated maleate (HEMAMA) precursor, a synthesized unsaturated carboxylic acid having two active C═C groups and a side methyl group. Experimental conditions for the synthesis of the precursor and the SBO-based EA (ESO-HEMAMA) product were studied, and their chemical structures were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and gel permeation chromatography. Subsequently, the volatility of HEMAMA was studied and compared with acrylic acid (AA). Furthermore, gel contents and ultimate properties of the UV-cured ESO-HEMAMA resins were investigated and compared with a commercial acrylated ESO (AESO) resin. At last, UV-curing behaviors of the SBO-based EA resins were determined by real-time IR. It was found that the HEMAMA precursor showed much lower volatility than AA, and the optimal pure ESO-HEMAMA resin possessed a C═C functionality up to 6.02 per ESO and .
Effect of Adding Nalbuphine Hydrochloride Versus Fentanyl on The Characteristic of Hyperbaric Bupivacaine Spinal Block for Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgery

Background: The effective relief of pain is of paramount importance for patients undergoing surgery. Patient and methods: Sixty patients, aged 35 - 45 years, ASA I and II, scheduled for elective lower limb orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia were randomly divided into three equal groups, Control group: were given intrathecal 20 mg (4 mL) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. Fentanyl group: were given 17.5 mg (3.5 mL) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 25 μg intrathecal fentanyl. Nalbuphine group: were given 17.5 mg (3.5 mL) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 0.8 mg intrathecal preservative-free nalbuphine hydrochloride. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups regarding the demographic data or HR. The decrease in MAP was significantly lower in the nalbuphine group when compared with fentanyl and control groups. The onset of complete motor and the sensory block was statistically significant rapid in the fentanyl group when compared with other groups. The duration of the motor and the sensory block was highly statistically significantly prolonged in the nalbuphine group when compared with other groups. Postoperative VAS showed a highly statistically significant difference between the three groups. Conclusion: Nalbuphine (0.8 mg) as intrathecal adjuvants to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine increases the duration of sensory block, motor block, and effective analgesia, and decreases the incidence of intraoperative complication more efficiently than fentanyl in patients scheduled for elective lower limb orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia.
www.econstor.eu Personal Characteristics and Intention for Entrepreneurship

This study analyzes the relationship between entrepreneurship intention and personal characteristics and skills by using the surveys we conducted in Turkey on 1465 senior university students. We use a modified version of the Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) scale and the Political Skills Inventory to measure some personal characteristics and skills. We also use the nine sub-dimensions of these two scales. Probit model and wavelet coherence analysis results show that proactivity, entrepreneurship, and networking sub-dimensions of the scales are related to entrepreneurship intention. We also find that gender, the number of siblings, the grade point average (GPA) of the students, their family’s education level, the parent’ ownership of an enterprise, and the number of non-governmental organizations (NGO) that they are a member of are also related to entrepreneurship intention. Results may be useful to understand and enhance entrepreneurship potential.
“Fake” Femininity?: Gendered Authenticity Policing in Influencer Hateblogs

Though social media influencers hold a coveted status in the popular imagination, their requisite career visibility opens them up to intensified public scrutiny and—more pointedly—networked hate and harassment. Key repositories of such critique are influencer “hateblogs”-- forums for anti-fandom often dismissed as frivolous gossip or, alternatively, denigrated as conduits for cyberbullying and misogyny. This paper draws upon an analysis of a women-dominated community of anti-fans, Get Off My Internets (GOMI), to show instead how influencer hateblogs are discursive sites of gendered authenticity policing. Findings reveal that GOMI participants wage patterned accusations of duplicity across three domains where women influencers seemingly “have it all”: career, relationships, and appearance. But while hatebloggers’ policing of “fake” femininity may purport to dismantle the artifice of social media self-enterprise, we contend that such expressions fail to advance progressive gender politics, as they target individual-level--rather than structural--inequities.
The Value of Estimating Paraoxonase Activity in Nephrotic Children

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a series of symptoms caused by kidney damage. This involves protein in the urine, low levels of blood albumin, elevated blood lipids, and high levels of swelling. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate paraoxonase1 (PON1) activities in children with nephrotic syndrome before and after treatment and compare it with healthy control individuals. Patients and Methods: A case control study was carried out at Pediatric Nephrology Unit and Outpatient Nephrology Clinics of Children Hospital at Zagazig University over a period of fifteen months from August 2017 to November 2018, included 40 children classified into three groups; group1: included 20 child of newly diagnosed nephrotic syndrome children; Group 2: comprised same nephrotic patients of group 1 in remission stage after one month of daily divided dose of steroid; group 3 included 20 children apparently healthy and matched with the previous groups in age and sex (control group). Results: There was a high significant difference in the lipid profile among the three studied groups. There was a significant difference in serum PNO1 levels among three studied groups. There was a high significant decrease in serum PNO1 in group1 than control group. There was no significant difference in PNO1 serum levels between group 2 (remission) and control group. Conclusion: PON1 activity of newly diagnosed cases is significantly decreased antioxidant ability to prevent lipid oxidation. Hyperlipidemia with diminished antioxidant potential due to reduced PON1 collectively predisposes NS patients to the possibility of atherosclerosis.
Biocidal effect of Ergosterol-Propyl Ester Isolated From Ruta angustifolia (Pers.) on Spodopetra littoralis (Boisd.)

The toxic effects of some Ruta angustifolia extracts as a bio agent to control Spodoptera littoralis were investigated. Based on LC50 values, the acetonic extract was more effective than hexane and ethyl alcoholic ones. Ergosterol-propyl ester was isolated from the acetonic crud extract by thin layer chromatography and identified using Infra-Red spectrophotometer, Mass Spectrum and evaluated as a fraction for its larvicidal, biological, ultrastructure and biochemical effects on 4th instar S. littoralis larvae. The most prominent biological effects were presented as: prolongation in the total larval duration and a decrease in the percentages of survived larvae. The adult emergence percentages, longevity, fecundity, hatchability were significantly decreased compared to controls. Also, some deformation symptoms were recorded in larvae, pupae and adults. The ultrastructure alterations in S. littoralis 4th instar larvae were observed in cuticle microfilament in muscle myofilaments compared to control. Biochemical responses of the 4th instar S. littoralis larva has a decreas in the activities of both ALT and chitinase and elevation in AST of supernatant S. littoralis larvae compared to control.
The evolution of price discovery in an electronic market

Abstract We study the evolution of the price discovery process in the euro-dollar and dollar-yen currency pairs over a ten-year period on the EBS platform, a global trading venue used by both manual and automated traders. We find that the importance of market orders decreases sharply over that period, owing mainly to a decline in the information share from manual trading, while the information share of market orders from algorithmic and high-frequency traders remains fairly constant. At the same time, there is a substantial, but gradual, increase in the information share of limit orders. Price discovery also becomes faster, suggesting improvements in market efficiency. The results are consistent with theoretical predictions that with a lower information advantage, informed traders tend to use more limit orders.
The Demonstration and Audiovisual Health Education Package (Demavi) Could Affect the Housewives’ Knowledge of First-Aid in Burns

Introduction: Burns is a condition that is experienced by the community that can cause skin damage to the epidermis. This is often experienced by housewives due to their daily life in the kitchen. So that this does not cause serious problems, then housewives need sufficient knowledge. The use of demonstration and audiovisual (Demavi) health education is packaged to increase one's knowledge. The study aims to recognize the impact of the demonstration health education package and audiovisual on the first aid knowledge of the burns on housewives in Bangetayu WetanMethods: This type of research is quantitative research. The design used a quasi-experiment with the control group pretest-posttest. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire with 27 closed-ended questions with multiple choice answer. The number of respondents is 107 which are 54 in treatment group and 53 in control group using the simple random sampling. Data obtained are statistically processed using chi-square testResults: The result of the statistical test shows significant effects of demonstrations and audiovisual and health education packages on knowledge about first aid burns among housewives with p-value of 0.094. Conclusion: The demonstration and audiovisual health education packages has an effect on housewives’ knowledge of first aid in burns. Other package methods can be developed to make it easier for health workers to do health promotion, and other methods of health promotion package development should be adapted to the theme of the material and the existing audience characteristic.
Study of Urinary Podocalyxin As an Early Biomarker in Diabetic Nephropathy

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Objectives: The main aim of the study was evaluation of urinary podocalyxin as a non-invasive marker for early detection of diabetic nephropathy, through assessing the level of urinary podocalyxin in patients with diabetic nephropathy and assessment of the correlation between urinary podocalyxin levels and severity & grades of diabetic nephropathy. Patient and methods: A prospective cohort study that was conducted in Internal Medicine Department in Zefta General Hospital and Zagazig University Hospital on 42 cases of diabetic nephropathy. Urinary podocalyxin was estimated by using commercially available podocalyxin ELISA test according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results: The study showed that the area under the curve for validity of podocalyxin was measured to be 0.996. Also, there was significant association and agreement with sensitivity 97.6% and specificity 100%. Conclusion: Podocalyxin is a sensitive and valid marker in diabetic nephropathy that can be used for early detection of diabetic nephropathy in its early stages and can predict the prognosis of nephropathy.
Comparison of Decompression and Decompression plus Fusion, for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis Management: Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Degenerative spondylolisthesis is defined as forward slippage of a vertebra with respect to the underlying vertebra, without rupture of the posterior arc, distinguishing it from lytic spondylolisthesis. It thus usually induces lumbar canal stenosis. There is, however, no strong consensus regarding the various medical and surgical treatments available. Objective: To assess the long-term clinical results of decompression alone and decompression plus fusion, for degenerative spondylolisthesis. Patients and methods: We randomly assigned 63 patients who had lumbar spinal stenosis due to degenerative spondylolisthesis at the L4/5 level to undergo either decompression alone (decompression group), decompression plus fusion (fusion group). Three patients refused to undergo randomization; therefore, the remaining 60 patients were randomly assigned. Results: In total, 60 patients underwent randomization. The follow-up rate at 3 years was 85%. The fusion group showed higher blood loss, longer postoperative hospital stay and a longer operative time than the decompression group. As regard clinical outcomes, all scores significantly improved in the postoperative period and these outcomes were maintained at 3 years postoperatively in each group. There were no significant differences found among the two groups at 1 and 3 years postoperatively. Conclusion: Decompression plus fusion does not have better results than decompression only in the management of patients with lumber spinal stenosis with low grade degenerative listhesis.
Measures of job satisfaction, organisational commitment, mental health, and job-related well-being : a bench-marking manual

About the Authors. Acknowledgements. 1 Introduction. 2 Job Satisfaction. Overall Job Satisfaction. Intrinsic Job Satisfaction. Extrinsic Job Satisfaction. 3 Organisational Commitment. Overall Organisational Commitment (9-item scale). Overall Organisational Commitment (6-item scale). Organisational Identification. 4 Mental Health. GHQ-12 - GHQ Scoring Method. GHQ-12 - Likert Scoring Method. Chapter 5 Job-related Well-being. Job-related Anxiety-Contentment (5-point Response Scale). Job-related Depression-Enthusiasm (5-point Response Scale). Job-related Anxiety (5-point Response Scale). Job-related Depression (5-point Response Scale). Job-related Anxiety (6-point Response Scale). Job-related Depression (6-point Response Scale). References.
College Nursing Students’ Experiences of COVID-19 Pandemic

This study explores experiences of college nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were 10 college nursing students (junior and senior years) enrolled in a university in K city. Data were collected through in-depth interviews from May 1 to June 30, 2020. The phenomenological methodology proposed by Colaizzi was applied for data analysis. We identified a total of 6 theme clusters: increased fear of an infection, feeling isolated due to the changed way of life, feeling perplexed about unexpected circumstances, inability to adapt to the sudden change in classroom instruction, feeling burdened about clinical practice, and confronting the reality as a preliminary nurse. The analyzed data revealed that subjects had numerous experiences about COVID-19. We believe there were necessity and significance to conduct this study during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This analysis can serve as a useful resource for discussing issues related to nursing education in the post
Visible-light-mediated antifungal bamboo based on Fe-doped TiO2 thin films

TiO2-based photocatalytic disinfection has been proved as one of the feasible approaches for the control and inhibition of the growth of mould fungi on woody materials. However, the wide band gap of TiO2 (3.2 eV) limits the efficient absorption of sunlight in the visible region. In this study, visible-light-mediated antifungal bamboo based on Fe-doped TiO2 thin films was successfully fabricated through a facile one-step homogeneous precipitation method. XRD studies confirmed that all of the as-prepared TiO2 nanoparticles on the bamboo surface were anatase phase. Fe-doped TiO2 thin films were found to grow on the bamboo surface by the self-aggregation of nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 9.7 nm and a surface area of about 90.96 m2 g−1. The Fe-doped TiO2/bamboo samples looked identical to original bamboo as there was no essential effect on the optical properties of the bamboo surface. Moreover, the antifungal activity of the as-prepared samples against mould fungi was investigated under natural weather conditions. Compared with original bamboo and TiO2/bamboo, the Fe-doped TiO2/bamboo exhibited much higher inhibition ability to mould fungi under the natural environment, which is due to the fact of the red shift of the absorption edge of the Fe-doped TiO2 nanostructures on the bamboo surface. UV-vis DRS also revealed that the band gap of Fe-doped TiO2 nanostructures was obviously decreased, extending the light response of TiO2 from ultraviolet to the visible light region. The research result may provide a general and effective approach to prepare visible-light-driven photocatalysts used for inhibition of the growth of mould fungi on the surface of bamboo.
Seller Debt in Acquisitions of Private Firms: A Security Design Approach

We propose a security design model in which a potential acquirer approaches a firm with a value-add plan. The target has a single owner, who possesses private information: he knows whether his firm is compatible with the plan, or not. The seller agrees the acquirer will add value but not as much as what the acquirer expects. Although the acquirer can choose any monotone limited liability security to offer along with cash, we show that, under general conditions, if a security is employed, it takes the form of non-recourse junior debt provided by the seller.