Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential Effects and Temporal Course of Attentional and Motivational Training on Excessive Drinking

Two cognitive-motivational variables that help to solidify drinkers’ intentions to drink are their alcohol attentional bias and their maladaptive motivation. The Alcohol Attention Control Training Programme (AACTP) was designed to rectify the former, and the Life Enhancement and Advancement Programme (LEAP) was designed to rectify the latter. The present study used a factorial design to compare the individual and combined effects of the 2 interventions on mean weekly drinking and atypical weekly drinking of 148 harmful drinkers (49% males, mean age = 28.8 years). A variety of other cognitive-motivational and demographic measures were also taken at baseline, and the drinking measures were reassessed at posttreatment and 3 and 6 months later. In comparison with LEAP, the effects of AACTP were less enduring. Combining AACTP and LEAP had few incremental benefits. These results suggest that AACTP would be more effective for achieving short-term reductions in drinking, whereas LEAP would be more effective for alleviating problematic drinking.
spectrum of noncerebrovascular rapidly progressive cognitive deterioration: a 2-year retrospective study

Purpose: The number of cognitive deterioration patients has been steadily increasing as the population ages in China. Patients with cognitive deterioration demonstrated diverse patterns, often making the diagnosis difficult, especially in rapidly progressive cognitive deterioration (RPCD) patients. The purpose of this study was to exhibit the disease spectrum and frequency of noncerebrovascular RPCD in patients from a medical college hospital of southeastern China. Materials and methods: We performed a 2-year retrospective cohort study including 310 RPCD patients who had been admitted to the Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. RPCD patients’ information on epidemiologic data and clinical aspects were collected. All the data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Of a total of 310 patients hospitalized for RPCD diagnosis, mean age of onset was 55.92 ± 18.89 years. The most common cause of RPCD was viral encephalitis, accounting for 21.9% (68) of the cases, followed by Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmune encephalitis, accounting for 14.5% (45) and 9.0% (28) of the cases, respectively. Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease accounted for 7.1% (22) of the cases. Patients in the secondary RPCD group tended to be younger than those in the primary RPCD group and experienced a more rapid progression course. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the most common causes of RPCD are secondary neurological diseases and most of them are potentially reversible under appropriate treatment of the underlying disease. The spectrum and frequency of RPCD in our cohort is comparable with a previous study performed in the European population. multiple system atrophy; CBD, cortical basal ganglia degeneration; CJD, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease.
(2017). Human subcortical brain asymmetries in 15,847 people worldwide reveal effects of age and sex. Brain Imaging and Behavior , 11 (5), 1497-1514.

The two hemispheres of the human brain differ functionally and structurally. Despite over a century of research, the extent to which brain asymmetry is influenced by sex, handedness, age, and genetic factors is still controversial. Here we present the largest ever analysis of subcortical brain asymmetries, in a harmonized multi-site study using meta-analysis methods. Volumetric asymmetry of seven subcortical structures was assessed in 15,847 MRI scans from 52 datasets worldwide. There were sex differences in the asymmetry of the globus pallidus and putamen. Heritability estimates, derived from 1170 subjects belonging to 71 extended pedigrees, revealed that additive genetic factors influenced the asymmetry of these two structures and that of the hippocampus and thalamus. Handedness had no detectable effect on subcortical asymmetries, even in this unprecedented sample size, but the asymmetry of the putamen varied with age. Genetic drivers of asymmetry in the hippocampus, thalamus and basal ganglia may affect variability in human cognition, including suscepti-bility to psychiatric disorders.
Jordan University of Science and Technology

GSM is considered the most widely used cellular mobile phone system in the world. Widely known problems with GSM's were the possibility of phone fraud through cloning phone cards and thus calling in someone else's expense, and the possibility of someone intercepting the phone call over the air and eavesdropping on the discussion. The GSM Association was supposed to correct these problems by implementing strong authentication between the MS (Mobile Subscriber) and the BS (Base Station), as well as implementing strong data encryption for the over-the-air transmission channel between the MS and the BS. The GSM specifications were designed by the GSM Consortium in secrecy and were distributed only on a need-to-know basis to hardware and software manufacturers and to GSM network operators. The specifications were never exposed to the public, thus preventing the open science community around the world from studying the enclosed authentication and enciphering algorithms as well as the whole GSM security model The algorithm in question should be publicly available, so that the algorithm is exposed to the scrutiny of the public. The GSM Security Model is based on a COMP128 authentication algorithm between the subscriber's home network’s and the subscriber's phone card, it is used to provide secure identification of the subscriber on the GSM Network. Eventually, the GSM algorithms leaked out and have been studied extensively ever since by the open scientific community.
Is there a conflict between general practitioners applying guidelines for antibiotic prescribing and including their patients’ preferences?

Objectives: One perceived barrier to guideline adherence is the existence of conflicting patient preferences. We examined whether patient preferences influence the prescription of antibiotics in general practice, and how this affects guideline adherence. We hypothesized that preferences play a larger role in prescribing antibiotics if the guideline allows for preferences to be taken into account, ie, if prescribing antibiotics is an option which can be considered rather than a clear recommendation to prescribe or not. We included three guidelines: acute cough, acute rhinosinusitis, and urinary tract infections. Methods: Data from NIVEL (the Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research) Primary Care Database (NIVEL-PCD) were used to assess antibiotic indications and prescriptions. These data were combined with a questionnaire among members of NIVEL’s Dutch Health Care Consumer Panel to examine patient preferences. According to NIVEL-PCD, 286 of these members contacted their general practitioner (GP) in 2015 for acute cough, acute rhinosinusitis or urinary tract infections. A logistic multilevel regression analysis was performed to test our hypothesis. Results: Patient preferences do play a role in GPs’ prescribing of antibiotics only in situations where, in accordance with the guideline, their use is an option which could be considered (inter-action between indication and preference: p = 0.049). If patients ask for antibiotics themselves in such situations, then GPs prescribe antibiotics more often. Conclusion: Patient preferences only play a role if the guideline provides room to take preferences into account. Therefore, our results do not suggest a conflict between applying guidelines and including patient preferences. Further research is recommended to examine this possible conflict in other situations.
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from corneal ulcer in a tertiary level eye hospital Microbial keratitis

Microbial keratitis is a major cause of corneal opacity and loss of vision worldwide. Ulcerative microbial keratitis remains a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The most common causative organisms are bacteria, although fungi and protists can also cause keratitis. Bacterial keratitis is potentially more devastating ocular infection. The most common bacteria associated with corneal ulcer are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Effect of insulin treatment on circulating insulin-like growth factor I and IGF-binding proteins in cats with diabetes mellitus

Background: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is used to screen for acromegaly in diabetic cats. In humans, most circulating IGF-I forms ternary complexes (TC) with IGF-binding protein (IGFBP-3) and an acid-labile subunit. Compared to humans, the amount of TC in cats is more variable. IGF-I concentrations are reported to increase during insulin treatment, more rapidly in cats achieving remission. Objectives: To investigate (i) factors associated with circulating IGF-I concentrations, including IGF-binding protein profiles (ii) effect of insulin treatment on IGF-I concentrations and (ii) IGF-I as prognostic marker of DM remission. Animals: 31 privately-owned diabetic cats of which 24 were followed 1 year, and 13 healthy cats. Methods: In this prospective study, insulin, IGF-I, glucose and fructosamine were measured. IGF-binding forms were determined by chromatography in 14 diabetic and 13 healthy cats. IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 was measured by mass spectrometry in 3 cats achieving remission. Results: IGF-I median (interquartile range) before start of insulin treatment was 300 (160-556) ng/mL. IGF-I was positively associated with TC (p<0.0001) and endogenous insulin (p=0.005) and negatively associated with fructosamine (p<0.0001). IGF-I was 2-fold higher 2-4 weeks after start of insulin treatment compared with baseline (p=0.0001) and predicted future remission (p=0.046). In cats that went into remission, the amount of TC and IGFBP-3 increased, suggesting the increase in IGF-I is dependent on TC formation. Conclusions : Insulin treatment should be accounted for when interpreting IGF-I in diabetic cats. IGF-I 2-4 weeks after initiation of insulin treatment shows promise as prognostic marker for remission in diabetic cats.
Biomarkers in Lung Diseases : from Pathogenesis to Prediction to New Therapies Experimental progressive emphysema in BALB / cJ mice as a model for chronic alveolar destruction in humans

Limjunyawong N, Craig JM, Lagassé HA, Scott AL, Mitzner W. Experimental progressive emphysema in BALB/cJ mice as a model for chronic alveolar destruction in humans. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 309: L662–L676, 2015. First published July 31, 2015; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00214. 2015. —Emphysema, one of the major components of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of alveolar lung tissue. Even though 80% of COPD cases are associated with cigarette smoking, only a relatively small proportion of smokers develop emphysema, suggesting a potential role for genetic factors in determining individual susceptibility to emphysema. Although straindependent effects have been shown in animal models of emphysema, the molecular basis underlying this intrinsic susceptibility is not fully understood. In this present study, we investigated emphysema development using the elastase-induced experimental emphysema model in two commonly used mouse strains, C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ. The results demonstrate that mice with different genetic backgrounds show disparate susceptibility to the development of emphysema. BALB/cJ mice were found to be much more sensitive than C57BL/6J to elastase injury in both a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, as measured by significantly higher mortality, greater body weight loss, greater decline in lung function, and a greater loss of alveolar tissue. The more susceptible BALB/cJ strain also showed the persistence of inflammatory cells in the lung, especially macrophages and lymphocytes. A comparative gene expression analysis following elastase-induced injury showed BALB/cJ mice had elevated levels of il17A mRNA and a number of classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) activated macrophage genes, whereas the C57BL/6J mice demonstrated augmented levels of interferon. These findings suggest a possible role for these cellular and molecular mediators in modulating the severity of emphysema and highlight the possibility that they might contribute to the heterogeneity observed in clinical emphysema outcomes.
The influence of location and cultural system on expression and selection of yield in segregating populations of the tomato

ed in Horticultural Abstracts 30: 307» i960. Gotoh, K. and Osanai, S. I. 1959« Efficiency of selection for yield, under different fertilizer levels in a wheat cross. Jap. J. Breeding 9; I73-I78. Original not available; abstracted in Plant Breeding Abstracts 3O: 503» i960. Griffing, B. 1953» An analysis of tomato yield components in terms of genotypic and environmental effects. Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 397, Grotb, B. H. A. 1912. The heredity of size, shape, and number of tomato fruits. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 242. Groth, B. H. A. 1915» Some results in size inheritance. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 278. Halsted, B. TJ: 1905. Hybrid tomatoes. New Jersey Agricultural Experi­ ment Station Annual Report I905: #7-^77 « Halsted, B. D. 1906. Experiments with tomatoes. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Report 1906: 288-314. , Halsted, B. D. 1907. Experiments with tomatoes. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Report 1907: 4-10-431. Hamson, A. R. 1961. Advantages in direct seeding tomatoes. Utah Farm Home Science 22, No. 1; 15-16. Hawthorn, L. R. 1942. Breeding summer tomatoes for increased size. American Society for Horticultural Science Proceedings 40; 390-394. Hedrick, U. P. and Booth, N. 0. I908. Mendelian characters in the tomato. American Society for Horticultural Science Proceedings 1907: 19-24. Holmberg, D. M. and Minges, P. A. 1952. Field seeding of tomatoes. California Agriculture 6; 3-4. Horner, T. W. and Frey, K. J. 1957* Methods for determining natural areas for oat varietal reconmendations. Agronomy Journal 49; 313- 315. Houghtaling, H. B. 1935» A developmental analysis of size and shape in tomato fruits. Torrey Botanical Club Bulletin 62; 243-252. Huelsen, W. A. 1939» Problems in growing tomatoes in Illinois. Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station Circular 491. Hutchins, A. E. I929. A conqparative test of tomatoes. Minnesota
Association Between Smoke-Free Legislation and Hospitalizations for Cardiac, Cerebrovascular, and Respiratory Diseases: A Meta-Analysis

Secondhand smoke causes cardiovascular and respiratory disease, and implementation of smoke-free legislation is followed by drops in hospitalizations and deaths from these diseases. This meta-analysis of 45 studies of 33 smoke-free laws found that smoke-free legislation was associated with significantly lower rates of hospital admissions (or deaths) for coronary events, other heart disease, cerebrovascular accidents, and respiratory disease. There was a dose-response relationship between the strength of the law; more comprehensive laws (including workplaces, restaurants, and bars) had the largest health benefits. This study provides strong evidence not only of the health benefits of smoke-free laws, but also of the need to enact comprehensive laws without exceptions. See p 2177.
levetiracetam for epilepsy: an evidence map of efficacy, safety and economic profiles

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and economics of levetiracetam (LEV) for epilepsy. Materials and methods: PubMed, 44 per seizure-free day gained in Korea. Conclusion: LEV is as effective as CBZ, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital and LTG and has an advantage for pregnant women and in cognitive functions. Limited evidence supports its cost-effectiveness.
Distinct combinations of variant ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate thermosensation and hygrosensation in Drosophila

Ionotropic Receptors (IRs) are a large subfamily of variant ionotropic glutamate receptors present across Protostomia. While these receptors are most extensively studied for their roles in chemosensory detection in insects, recent work has implicated two family members, IR21a and IR25a, in thermosensation in Drosophila. Here we characterize one of the most deeply conserved receptors, IR93a, and show that it is co-expressed and functions with IR21a and IR25a to mediate physiological and behavioral responses to cool temperatures. IR93a is also co-expressed with IR25a and a distinct receptor, IR40a, in a discrete population of sensory neurons in the sacculus, a multi-chambered pocket within the antenna. We demonstrate that this combination of receptors is important for neuronal responses to dry air and behavioral discrimination of humidity differences. Our results identify IR93a as a common component of molecularly and cellularly distinct IR pathways underlying thermosensation and hygrosensation in insects.
Resurrected protein interaction networks reveal the strong rewiring that leads to 4 network organisation after whole genome duplication 5

28 The evolution of plant genomes is characterized by several rounds of polyploidization or ancient 29 whole genome duplication. While the consequences of these major events for genome structure and 30 transcriptome expression have been investigated, the effects at the protein level remain unknown and 31 yet will be functionally important. To understand how a plant protein-protein interaction network 32 organizes itself after whole genome duplication, we studied the evolution of MADS-domain 33 transcription factors. We accurately inferred, resurrected and tested the interactions of their ancestral 34 proteins before and after the gamma triplication at the origin of core eudicots and directly compare 35 these ancestral networks to the networks of Arabidopsis and tomato. We find that the gamma 36 triplication generated a network constrained in size and saturated in possible number of interactions, 37 which strongly rewired by the addition of many new interactions. The new interactions are 38 surprisingly often established with related proteins, something we call neo-redundancy. The evolved 39 networks are organized around hubs and into modules. The direct observation of preferential 40 attachment of existing interactions to hubs through gene duplication explains the scale-free 41 organization. The evolutionary optimal modular organization is favored by the addition of new 42 interactions to the network and by the avoidance of mis-interactions, as shown by simulations. The 43 resurrection of ancestral networks and the direct observation of ancestral rewiring events allowed us to 44 elucidate the role of whole genome triplication, elementary processes and evolutionary mechanisms in 45 the origin of a biological network.
The Impact of Spatial Sampling and Migration on the Interpretation of Complex Archaeological Ground‐penetrating Radar Data

In this paper, the impact of spatial sample density and three‐dimensional migration processing on the interpretation of archaeological ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data is assessed. First, the question of how to determine the sample interval required to take full advantage of the spatial resolution capabilities of GPR without oversampling is addressed. To this end, we transform a test profile into the frequency–wavenumber (f–k) domain and estimate the required sample interval from the wavenumber values. For the presented data set, collected at the Roman town Ammaia (Portugal), this resulted in a transect spacing approximately three times the distance prescribed by the λmin/4 criterion (where λmin is the minimum observed wavelength). Second, the effect of three‐dimensional migration is assessed. The data set, sampled as prescribed by the analysis of the f–k plot, is migrated with two‐ and three‐dimensional phase‐shift algorithms, and the migrated results are compared with non‐migrated data. It is shown that certain subtle features are better resolved by three‐dimensional migration. Third, it is investigated whether three‐dimensional migration following the application of an interpolation algorithm such as Delaunay triangulation or interpolation based on τ‐p transform, can further relax spatial sampling requirements. For the GPR data shown in this article, it is demonstrated that interpolation and three‐dimensional migration of slightly aliased data, collected with a transect spacing equal to five times the outcome of the λmin/4 criterion, still allow a faithful reconstruction of the original, non‐aliased time‐slices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND THE USE OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICES: EVIDENCE FROM TWO CROSS-COUNTRY STUDIES

Large sums are spent each year on professional services. However, while differences in the spending between countries can be discerned, we do not know why they occur. Inspired by the organizational buying behavior literature, this paper investigates the influence of culture on the use of professional services. As the use of professional services involves considerable uncertainties – particularly for the buyer – it can be assumed to be influenced by cultural differences regarding the level of Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism and Masculinity. By drawing on two independent cross-country studies, we show that organizations in high uncertainty avoidance and individualistic cultures use professional services less than organizations in low uncertainty avoidance and collectivist cultures. The findings contribute to 2 the theorizing on how the cultural context influences organizational buying behavior, and the purchasing of professional services.
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli

SUMMARY Escherichia coli is the predominant nonpathogenic facultative flora of the human intestine. Some E. coli strains, however, have developed the ability to cause disease of the gastrointestinal, urinary, or central nervous system in even the most robust human hosts. Diarrheagenic strains of E. coli can be divided into at least six different categories with corresponding distinct pathogenic schemes. Taken together, these organisms probably represent the most common cause of pediatric diarrhea worldwide. Several distinct clinical syndromes accompany infection with diarrheagenic E. coli categories, including traveler’s diarrhea (enterotoxigenic E. coli), hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (enterohemorrhagic E. coli), persistent diarrhea (enteroaggregative E. coli), and watery diarrhea of infants (enteropathogenic E. coli). This review discusses the current level of understanding of the pathogenesis of the diarrheagenic E. coli strains and describes how their pathogenic schemes underlie the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, and epidemiologic investigation of these important pathogens.