Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Etiopathological investigations on clinical dropsy in carps (Cyprinus carpio) due to Aeromonas hydrophila in Himachal Pradesh

Carps (Cyprinus carpio) exhibiting clinical symptoms of abdominal dropsy were collected from Gobind Sagar reservoir and Government Carp Breeding Farm, Ghagus, for etiopathological investigations. The representative morbid materials were processed microbiologically so as to ascertain the etiology of abdominal dropsy among carps. On gross examination the affected fish discerned excessive haemorrhages on the body surface and perceptible abdominal distention. Postmortem findings revealed hyperaemia of viscera, petechial to ecchymotic haemorrhages over mesentry, parietal peritoneum and sanguinous ascitic fluid. Histopathological changes included focal necrosis and severe oedema in the liver, with a marked chordal disarray and necrosis of renal tubules in the kidney. An excessive haemosiderin pigment accumulation was discerned in the liver parenchyma and kidney. Motile aeromonads as Aeromonas hydrophila spp. hydrophila were isolated in pure cultures from the pooled visceral organs, kidneys and abdominal exudates. The organism was found most sensitive to gentamicin.
Comparison of full‐fat and low‐fat cheese analogues with or without pectin gel through microstructure, texture, rheology, thermal and sensory analysis

Summary The effects of pectin gel and protein base on processed semi-solid cheese analogues were studied through microstructure, texture, rheology, thermal analysis and sensory evaluation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed differences in the microstructure of processed cheese analogues. Samples made with full-fat contained higher concentrations of fat globules and were denser compared with low-fat cheese analogues with or without pectin gel. The pectin gel in the products acted as a linkage with other ingredients and made the products more compact and had less cavity compared with the products without pectin gel added. On rheological analysis, the full-fat products manifested a more solid-like form. The storage modulus of pectin gel sample was higher than that without pectin gel. All the samples’ rheological parameters were depending on the oscillatory frequency and temperature. In low-fat samples, pectin gel added or not affected the hardness, gumminess, chewiness and adhesiveness significantly. The pectin gel addition show positive effect to the texture profile of the low-fat cheese analogues. Through thermal analysis, the meltability and glass transition temperature of the processed cheese analogues were measured. The low-fat cheese analogue with pectin gel addition got the higher texture and mouthfeel scores through sensory evaluation.
Nutrient content of uncooked and cooked meat from South African classes A2 lamb and C2 mutton

The study compared the nutrient content of selected joints of South African mutton (Class C2) (n = 18) and lamb (Class A2) (n = 18) carcasses of fat code 2 in both classes. South African sheep carcasses are classified according to age by dentition: Lamb carcasses of class A2 show the ruction of no incisors and mutton carcasses of class C2 of more than six incisors. Fatness is assessed by the thickness of subcutaneous fat. Chilled carcass sides were subdivided into the primal cuts. The cuts were dissected into meat (muscle, intermuscular and intramuscular fat), bone and subcutaneous fat (SCF). The soft tissue of the carcass was analysed for selected nutrients. It was found that South African lamb and mutton contain less fat than the nutrient values previously assumed as scientifically correct and presented in the National Food Composition Tables of the Medical Research Council (MRC), USDA. The results from this study emphasize the importance of country specific nutrient data on own food commodities.
The retrospective problem in sequential population analysis: An investigation using cod fishery and simulated data

The retrospective problem is a systematic inconsistency among a series of estimates of population size, or related assessment variables, based on increasing periods of data. In some stocks, this problem is of such magnitude that sequential population analyses (SPA) are deemed inapplicable. The eastern Scotian Shelf (ESS) cod fishery, which displays the retrospective problem, and simulated data are analysed to provide insight into the causes and potential solutions to this problem. The retrospective problem is shown to be a result of the traditional analysis techniques and a non-stationarity in the data used in the population analysis. A moving window analysis is developed which allows the non-stationarities to be identified and in some cases rectified. Recommendations are also made for ad hoc investigations of the data. The analysis suggests that failure to correct the retrospective problem for a stock with data like ESS cod could lead to catch-level advice that would be twice or more the intended level. 1999 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Oxidative stability of cereal bars made with fruit peels and baru nuts packaged in different types of packaging

Food industries have been concerned about managing the waste generated by their production processes in order to minimize environmental impacts and also about the development of formulations with different and innovative ingredients such as fruits from the Brazilian savanna. Seeking to meet the expectations of consumers who desire healthy and practical products, this study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stability and the variations in chemical composition and antioxidant potential of cereal bars made with fruit peels and baru nuts packaged in different types of packaging. The bars formulated were packed in four different types of packaging: laminated without vacuum (LWV), transparent without vacuum (TWV), transparent under vacuum (TV), and laminated under vacuum (LV); they were subsequently analyzed for proximate composition, fatty acid profiles, antioxidant activity, and oxidative capacity. The results showed that the cereal bars made with fruit peel and baru are sources of protein, dietary fiber, and fat, especially unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic acids. The cereal bars exhibited oxidative stability up to 120 days of storage, and the type of packaging was not significant for the variables evaluated; therefore, they can be stored in low cost packaging such as transparent packaging without vacuum for a period of 120 days.
New quinazoline alkaloids from Glycosmis cochinchinensis

Two new quinazoline alkaloids, glycozolone-A (1) and -B (2), and anthranilylamide, glycoamide-A (3) and -B (4) were isolated from leaves of Glycosmis cochinchinensis [LOUR. ] PIERRE (Rutaceae) collected in Thailand. Structures were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic methods.
Effects of Delineation Errors in Forest Stand Boundaries on Estimated Area and Timber Volumes

Abstract A 717 ha forest area dominated by Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst. ] and Scots pine [Pinus sylvestris L. ] was used to assess the effects of photointerpreter errors in the placement of stand boundaries on the estimated area of different groups of forest stands (strata) and other land use classes, and on the total timber volume estimate of the forest. The boundaries between thinning phase stands and clearcuts were classified into three different groups according to the length of the tree shadows hindering ground visibility in the aerial photographs. Different distributions of errors in stand boundaries were assigned to the three groups of boundaries. By means of Monte Carlo simulations of errors in each boundary, the placement of each boundary was altered according to a normally distributed random deviate. In total, 125 independent estimates of total timber volume and area of different land use classes were produced. For thinning phase forest, the difference between the mean area of the simula.
Biology of the Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus monticolae Hopkins, in the East Kootenay Region of British Columbia I. Life Cycle, Brood Development, and Flight Periods

The importance of the mountain pine beetle to the pine forests of North America has been pointed out by several writers (Hopkins, 1909; Swaine, 1918; Evenden et al., 1943; Hopping and Mathers, 1945). Its range covers parts of southern British Columbia and Alberta, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Oregon, Washington, California, Utah, and Nevada. The size of populations and the damage vary from year to year. A study of the biology of the mountain pine beetle was made by the writer from 1955 to 1960 in several small outbreak areas near Invermere, British Columbia. (50°30′ N. lat., 116°00′ W. long., 2740 feet above sea level). The host tree in these areas was lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann. The results of the study will be presented in three parts. Part I is presented herein and describes the life cycle, brood development, and flight periods. Part II is a discussion of the behaviour of the adult as affected by physical factors operating under the bark. Part III describes the interaction of the insect and its host, with special reference to mortality and brood survival.
Cytotoxic drugs and their effects on bladder function

General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
Effects of inoculum sources on the accuracy and precision of experiments testing different times of applying fungicides to control powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp hordei on spring barley

SUMMARY Experiments on spring barley at Rothamsted over the years 1974–81 were used to study how sources of powdery mildew inoculum affected responses to fungicide sprays applied at different times. Reinfection of early-sprayed plots was generally faster where they were close to a potent source of inoculum than where they were not. Conversely, effects of sources on yield, although not always significant, occurred mainly in the later-sprayed plots. Sources thus had their most important effects before these later sprays were applied, and probably during the very early stages of the epidemic. This implies that if experiments are to approximate to fields, they should, initially, be part of a large, uniformly-susceptible area of crop. Regression analyses showed that delaying the application of fungicide sprays after the optimum date caused smaller yield losses in plots near minimal sources of inoculum than in plots near more potent sources. There was no conclusive evidence for effects of inoculum sources on the optimum date to apply a fungicide spray but the tendency was for the optimum to become later as inoculum pressure increased. Separating fungicide-treated plots with mildew-resistant barley resulted in larger treatment effects and smaller residual mean squares than where there was no separation. Judged by residual mean squares alone, precision was approximately doubled by separation.
Rearing temperature and the meat yield of broilers

Abstract 1. One hundred and twenty (60 male and 60 female) 21‐d‐old Ross 1 broiler chicks were reared in cages in rooms kept at 21°C or 31°C and were killed at body weights of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 or 3.0 kg. 2. Birds reared at either of the two temperatures ate similar quantities of food to reach their slaughter weight although at 31°C they took longer to reach it. 3. The meat yields of the birds at each slaughter weight were similar at both rearing temperatures, but at body weights greater than 2.0 kg, the broilers reared at 21 °C had more breast meat than those reared at 31°C. 4. Females ate more food than males to reach each of the slaughter weights. The females deposited more fat and had a greater skin weight than the males and, although they had a similar amount of total meat, they had more breast meat.
Endosymbiont change as a key innovation in the adaptive radiation of Soritida (Foraminifera)

Abstract A phylogeny of 54 Recent and fossil species of Soritacea (Foraminifera) was used to test the hypothesis that endosymbiosis has driven the evolution of the clade. Endosymbiosis with photosynthetic eukaryotes is the plesiomorphic condition for the entire clade Soritacea. Living species dwell in tropical-subtropical, shallow-water habitats and are characterized by the possession of rhodophyte, chlorophyte, or dinophyte photosymbionts. Two distinct changes in endosymbiont type are recognized when endosymbiont type is mapped in the cladogram of Soritacea: (1) a change from rhodophyte to chlorophyte endosymbionts occurred in the stem lineage of the least inclusive clade containing New clade B, Orbiculinida, and Soritida; and (2) a change from chlorophyte to dinophyte endosymbionts occurred in the stem lineage of the least inclusive clade containing New clade G, New clade H, New clade I, Sorites, Amphisorus, and Orbitolites. When habitat and ontogeny are optimized on the cladogram of Soritida, the acquisition of dinophyte endosymbionts appears as a key innovation that facilitated a switch in habitat from free-living to attached living on nonphytal and phytal substrata. A subsequent change in the attached habitat from nonphytal to predominantly phytal (seagrasses and macroalgae) substrata is accompanied by a peramorphic trend in the megalospheric tests. The diversification (adaptive radiation) of the crown Soritida subclade resulted from the interplay between the acquisition of a key innovation (dinophyte endosymbionts) and the subsequent change in the ecology of the group (radiation to phytal substrates).
A Snake Dentary from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia

Abstract The first snake craniomandibular fossil specimen from the Campanian–Maastrichtian of South America is described herein. The specimen, from the Allen Formation in Río Negro Province, consists of an incomplete anterior portion of a left dentary. The general morphology of the bone resembles that of the basal legged snake Najash Apesteguía and Zaher and the small madtsoiids from the Eocene–Miocene of Australia. The dentary was found associated with several isolated snake vertebrae, most of which are referable to madtsoiids, thus it probably belongs to one of the already known madtsoiid taxa.
The Colonies of VanRossem’s Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica vanrossemi  ) in México

Abstract During the 2003 and 2005 breeding seasons we conducted ground surveys of historical, potential, and current nesting sites of the VanRossem’s Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica vanrossemi) along the Pacific coast of Mexico. We documented 13 active colonies, including ten previously unrecorded nesting sites. One previously reported colony was inactive. Colony sizes ranged between one and 161 breeding pairs. In 2005, the estimated breeding population size was 526 pairs. Eighty-two percent of the total breeding population was concentrated in three relatively large colonies, Cerro Prieto and Isla Montague, Baja California and Laguna Las Garzas, Nayarit. Gull-billed Terns nested mostly on islets in very shallow waters. Colony associates included other terns, Black Skimmers (Rhynchops niger), gulls, and egrets. The nesting population of this subspecies in Mexico is very small and consists of a few widely separated colonies. This subspecies should be included in Mexico’s official list of species at risk, and a management plan should be developed and implemented to assure its conservation and that of the wetland habitat on which it and other bird species depend.
FERMENTATION ATTENUATES THE FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF SESAME SEED (Sesanum indicum ).

Antioxidants work as a major defense against radica l-mediated damage by protecting the cells against free radicals, which have been implicated in many o xidative stress related diseases; hypertension, stroke, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer and the p rocess of aging, among others. The present study evaluates the effect of traditional fermentation on the antioxidant potential of sesame seeds condimen t by determining the total phenolic content, reducing properties, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, free radical scavenging ability against 1,1‐diphenyl,2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and vitamin C content, in the raw and fermented sesame seeds. The result showed that fermentation caused a reduction in level of total phenolic compounds of raw sesame seeds from 0.026mg/g to 0.01mg/g after day 7 of fermentation process, this trend was also observed for the level of vitamin C in the fermented sesame seeds with a reduction from 2.01mg/g to 0.93mg/g after fermentation period. The findings were also confirmed using various oxidative assault on hepatic and brai n tissues, where ferric reducing antioxidant properties, iron chelation, inhibition of deoxyribo se degradation, inhibition of lipid peroxidation in iron and sodium nitroprusside induced oxidative assault established that the raw sesame seeds exhibited better antioxidant ability than the fermented sampl es irrespective of fermentation days indicating tha t fermentation significantly reduced the antioxidant potentials of the fermented sesame seeds.
Prey preference and predatory efficiency of the water bug, Diplonyclzus indicus Venk. & Rao (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae), an effective biocontrol agent for mosquitoes

Larvae of Culex mosquito and Chironomus, fingerlings of fish Tilapia, and frog tadpoles were used as prey species to verify prey preference by the water bug, Diplonychus indicus. Prey species were taken in combination of two's as 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 20:30, 30:20 and 25:25. Prey death rate of frog tadpole was the least as 1.0 in combination with fish fingerlings (50:50) by fifth predator stage. The highest predatory efficiency was with Culex larvae in fifth predator stage killing 41.4 in combination with Culex larvae in the ratio of 50:50. Relatively fifth predator stage showed the highest predatory efficiency than the others with all prey species in combination. All predator stages preferred Culex larvae than the other prey species.
Motoric activity of the receptacular complex in the cricket Teleogryllus commodus (Insecta: Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

The motoric activity of the receptacular complex was investigated in standard Ringer's solution after having isolated the organ from females of the cricket Teleogryllus commodus characterized by different reproductive stages (virgin, mated, ovipositing, after oviposition). At 20°C mean myogenic contraction frequencies ranged from 15 to 25 pulses per minute, with highest values obtained for ovipositing females (22.8 ± 7.5) and lowest values for mated females (13.8 ± 6.5). In a second experimental line, the dependence of contraction frequency of receptacular complexes isolated from virgins on the composition of Ringer's solution was studied; concentrations of the cations Ca, Mg, and K were both doubled and halved. Changes of the mean pulse frequency with respect to the standard situation could be only observed for a doubled concentration of Mg, leading to an increase of the motoric activity, and for a doubled concentration of K, causing a significant decline of peristalsis. In-vivo investigations were carried out by cutting a 4 mm2 window into the 7th sternite of females and observing the spermathecal activity at 20°C for at least 5 days. Females of the same reproductive stages as described for the in-vitro studies were used. Contractions of the receptacular complex were observed for 70 % of all females, with pulse frequencies being about 20/minute. Differences of receptacular activity among the reproductive stages are discussed, and the effect of various cations on the contraction of muscle fibres is tried to be decoded.
Les Simulies d'Algérie (Diptera : Simuliidae). I. Premières données biogéographiques et écologiques sur les espèces de l'Ouest-algérien

48 stations ont ete prospectees sur les oueds du Nord-Ouest de l'Algerie, entre 1145 m d'altitude et le niveau de la mer : 20 especes de Simulies ont ete recoltees. Un genre, un sous-genre et 7 especes sont cites pour la premiere fois en Algerie ; une espece est nouvelle pour l'Afrique du Nord. Mis a part Simulium (Withelmia) pseudequinum, d'origine orientale, la faune appartient a la zone palearctique (au Sud de la sous-region mediterraneenne) et s'adapte a de nouvelles caracteristiques des cours d'eau (temperature, salinite.) ; ainsi, les especes de plaine de la bordure septentrionale mediterraneenne remontent dans un crenal de moyenne altitude et se retrouvent ici avec les especes de sources. Les elements orophiles sont tres peu representes.
Monitoring Long‐Term Population Change: Why are there so Many Analysis Methods?

Monitoring long-term population change is an integral part of effective conservation-oriented research and management, and is central to the current debate on the status of Neotropical migrant land birds. However, the analysis of count data such as the Breeding Bird Survey is complicated by the subjective nature of trend estimation, and by limitations inherent to extensive, volunteer-based surveys, such as measurement error and missing data. A number of analysis methods have been used that differ in their approach to dealing with these complications and produce different estimates of population change when applied to the same data. There is, however, no consensus as to which method is the most suitable. Many analytical issues remain unresolved, such as model of trend, observer effects, treatment of missing observations, distribution of counts, and data selection criteria. These issues make it difficult to evaluate the relative merits of the methods, although a number of new approaches (nonlinear regression, Poisson regression, estimating equations estimates) offer promising solutions to some problems. I suggest the use of Monte Carlo simulations to empirically test the performance of the methods under realistic, spatially explicit scenarios of population change, and provide an example of the approach.
A New Allele, tcf, at the T Locus for Partly Colored Seedcoats in Common Bean

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants with partly colored seeds and colored flowers were derived from PI 507984 in two genetic tester stocks, '2-points t cf BC1 5-593' and '2-points t cf BC2 5-593'. These stocks were produced by backcrossing to the recurrent parent, Florida dry bean breeding line 5-593, which has black self-colored seeds and purple flowers due to the genoty pe T P V. The crosses '2-points t cf BC1 5-593' x 5-593 and '2-points t cf BC2 5-593' x 5-593 produced F2 populations in which all plants had colored flowers. Those results, when considered with previously published work, do not support the previously reported hypothesis that the genes t Fcr Fcr-2 produce partly colored seedcoats and flower color restoration with t. The crosses '2-points t cf BC1 5-593' x 'self-colored t BC2 5-593' and '2-points t cf BC2 5-593' x 'minimus t BC3 5-593' produced F 2 populations that segregated 3:1 for colored:white flowers, respectively. Those results are consistent with the revised hypothesis that t cf can produce partly colored seedcoats without affecting flower color. The RAPD marker OM19 400, which is linked in repulsion to T, was used with the F2 populations from the crosses '2-points t cf BC2 5-593' x 5-593 and '2-points t cf BC2 5-593' x 'minimus t BC3 5-593' and established that the t cf gene from PI 507984 is either an allele at T or tightly linked to T. F3 data from the cross '2-points t cf BC2 5-593 x 5-593 also support the t cf hypothesis. On the basis of the above experiments, the gene symbol t cf is proposed for an allele at T that pleiotropically produces partly colored seeds and colored flowers.