Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FOOD SUPPLEMENT CONSUMPTION DOES NOT RELATED TO SELF- REPORTED SYMPTOPMS OF COVID-19 AMONG STUDENTS IN BINAWAN UNIVERSITY (Konsumsi suplemen tidak berhubungan dengan pelaporan gejala Covid-19 pada mahasiswa Universitas Binawan)

The consumption of food supplements is considered an influential factor to increase the immune system in preventing COVID-19. However, no studies have confirmed the relationship between them. This study aims to analyse the association between multivitamin supplement intake and the appearance of COVID-19 symptoms trough a self-report. The method of this study was an analytic survey with a cross-sectional design. The survey was conducted in two stages toward students from Binawan University, Jakarta. The number of respondents involved in this study were 403 respondents in the first stage, and 127 in the second stage in this study. The data collection included the consumption of supplements, the appearance of COVID-19 symptoms, and the ability to do physical activity. The statistical analyses were Chi-square and Fischer exact test. Results showed that 67,7% of respondents consumed supplements. The type of supplement was vitamin C (51,2%) and another type of multivitamin was (20,1%). There was no significant association found between the consumption of supplements and the appearance of symptoms of COVID-19 and respondents' ability to perform physical activity (p> 0,05). Conclusion, supplements are not the only factor preventing COVID-19. Consuming a diverse diet in sufficient quantities, maintaining physical fitness, and performing 3 M (maintaining a social distancing, wearing masks, and performed handwashing) could be other potential factors. Kata Kunci: COVID-19, immunity, supplement Penulis untuk korespondensi: msrimiati@gmail.com ABSTRAK Konsumsi suplemen makanan dinilai dapat meningkatkan sistem imun untuk mencegah COVID19. Namun, hal tersebut belum ada hasil penelitian yang menkonfirmasi hubungan antara keduanya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan suplemen multivitamin terhadap munculnya gejala COVID-19. Metode penelitian yaitu survey analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Survey dilakukan dalam dua tahap terhadap mahasiswa Universitas Binawan, Jakarta, Indonesia. Jumlah responden yang terlibat pada penelitian ini adalah 403 responden pada tahap pertama, dan 127 pada tahap kedua dalam penelitian ini. Data yang dikumpulkan antara lain konsumsi suplemen, kemunculan gejala covid, dan kemampuan melakukan aktivitas fisik. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Chi-square dan Fischer exact test. Hasil menunjukkan sebesar 67,7% pernah mengkonsumsi suplemen. Jenis suplemen yang dikonsumsi yaitu vitamin C (51,2%), dan multivitamin kombinasi (20,1%). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara konsumsi suplemen dan kemunculan gejala COVID-19, begitu pula hubungannya dengan kemampuan responden untuk melakukan aktivitas fisik (p> 0,05). Kesimpulan, suplemen bukan satu-satunya faktor pencegah COVID-19. Konsumsi makanan yang beragam dengan jumlah yang cukup, menjaga kebugaran tubuh dan melakukan 3 M (menjaga jarak, menggunakan masker dan mencuci tangan) dapat menjadi faktor pendukung lainnya.
Preliminary genetic documentation of snake species through shed skin from Uttarakhand, India: A non-invasive genetic sampling approach

Non-invasive sampling is one of the most authentic techniques for the genetic study of endangered and rare animal species. In the present study based on non-invasive samples, we give the preliminary genetic documentation of snake species by using cytochrome b (Cyt b) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) universal mitochondrial primers from Uttarakhand (UK), India. We sampled n=11 shed skin of unknown snake species from four different locations in Uttarakhand, India. The success rate of genomic DNA isolation, PCR amplification, and sequencing from collected samples was 100%. Afterward, in the genetics analysis, 8 out of 11 samples matched with Least Concern ver3.1 Rat snake species, two samples paired with Checkered keelback snake, and one sample matched with Indian cobra. Subsequently, 149 (Cyt b) and 207 (COI) species-specific fixed SNPs were observed. The obtained interspecific sequences divergences based on two mitochondrial loci among three snake species also show the high variability in the Uttarakhand snake population. The current study based on the non-invasive genetic sampling approach showed its importance in biodiversity conservation, especially those species which are under the endangered and critically endangered category. The genetic reference database of snake species helpful in species management, population, evolutionary-based study, and wildlife forensic in the future.
Food composition of a breeding population the endemic Anatolia newt, Neurergus strauchii (Steindachner, 1887) (Caudata: Salamandridae), from Bingöl, Eastern Turkey

The study presents data on the food composition of a breeding population of the Anatolia newt, Neurergus strauchii (Steindachner, 1887), from Bingöl, Turkey. A total of 953 prey items were determined in the food contents of 46 individuals (18 males and 28 females) examined in the study. Insecta (63%) and Malacostraca (35%) constitute 97% of the food composition by number. While the most frequently encountered prey groups in the diet are Diptera (87%), Amphipoda (85%), Neurergus eggs (74%), and Coleoptera (37%), the comparison of food composition by volume is Amphipoda (40%), Neurergus eggs (41%), and Diptera (10%), respectively. No significant difference in food niche was observed between the sexes. The species generally fed on aquatic, poor-flying or slow-moving invertebrates.
Stigma Tendencies of Nursing Students Towards Child ren With Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Negative communication and stigmatizing approach of healthcare professionals have an obstructive role in providing care and treatment fo r disabled children and their families. Objective: This study was performed to determine stigma tende ncies of nursing students towards children with disabilities. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. This study was performed with students who were stu dying at nursing department of a university located in Karab uk city of Turkey. Study was conducted with the participation of 211 students. 70.1% of the univers e was achieved. A questionnaire form and a Stigma S cale were used for data collection in the study. Results: 41.2% met disabled children during internship and 94.3% have stated that they experienced difficultie s during providing care and treatment. 83.4% of the s tudents have declared that they experienced difficu lties with the disabled child her/himself during communication . It was also observed that 35.1% of the students h ad a high stigma tendencies. It was determined that stigma te ndencies of the students who met disabled children uring internships was significantly low (z= -3.375, p=0.0 1). Conclusions: It was detected that most of the students who met d isabled children during internships have experienced difficulties in care and treatment prac tice and communication. It was concluded that stude nts who experienced difficulties in communication with disa bled children showed more discrimination and exclus ion.
Eco-friendly management of Alternaria leaf spot disease of brinjal in Kashmir

Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the important foliar diseases of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). The study focused on sustainable and eco-friendly management of Alternaria leaf spot of brinjal in Kashmir valley. The pathogen associated with the disease was identified as Alternaria alternate. The efficacy of various bio-agents and plant extracts was carried out in vitro and Trichoderma harzianum showed highest inhibition among bioagents and among plant extracts Garlic bulb extract showed maximum mycelial growth inhibition. Eco-friendly disease management in the field with most effective bio-agents and plant extracts evaluated in vivo showed that seed treatment with T. harzianum and three foliar spray with Garlic clove extract could effectively manage the disease with lowest disease incidence of 19.13 per cent and intensity of 9.02 per cent respectively and highest fruit yield of 197.80 q/ha, as compared to control plot showing highest disease incidence of 65.51 per cent and intensity of 34.51 per cent respectively with lowest fruit yield of 106.46 q/ha.
THE SALT INDEX—A MEASURE OF THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS ON THE CONCENTRATION OF THE SOIL SOLUTION

Germination of seeds may be prevented, or established crops may be injured by the presence of too much soluble salt in the soil. Such injury may occur even though all elements which the plant requires for its proper nutrition are present in the normal proportians to one another and substances that may exhibit specific plant toxicity effects, such as copper and zinc, arenot present in excess. This type of injury must therefore be connected with the high concentration of the soil solution, and it has been commonly thought that the elevated osmotic pressure of such solutions is responsible for the injury. Most studies of the relation of the osmotic pressure to plant growth have been limited, however, to solution or sand cultures. Magistad and his co-workers, for example (3), have recently reported that growth reduction of several crops in sand cultures was linear with increasing osmotic pressure of the substrate over the range from 0.4 to 4.4 atmospheres and that a number of crop species died when the osmotic pressure of the culture solution reached 4.5 atmospheres. The presence of soil undoubtedly modifies the effect of the high salt content of the culture medium; nevertheless, the osmotic pressure of the soil solution must be an important factor in crop injury. Except under unusual conditions the osmotic pressure of the soil solution should never become high enough to injure the crop when the fertilizer is uniformly broadcast. When the fertilizer is localized in a small zone, however, as in various special placements, the soluble portion of the fertilizer dissolves only in the soil moisture immediately surrounding that zone. This results in local areas of salt solution many times as concentrated as that met with in broadcast application, and not infrequently injury to plants follows if due precautions are not taken. Such injury can be prevented by locating the fertilizer zone farther from the row, by reducing the amount of fertilizer, and by reducing the tendency of the fertilizer to injure the plant. In general, if no plant injury intervenes, most efficient use of fertilizer will result when the zone is close to the row, as this place-
Effect of Iron and Zinc Foliar Application and Plant Spacing on Productivity of Oil Lettuce (Lactuca scariola var. Oleifra) in Calcareous Soils

Field trials were carried out during 2016/17 and 2017/18 growing seasons at Mariout Experimental Station, Desert Research Center, Egypt, to investigate the effect of foliar application with iron and zinc (control, 150 mg iron /L, 100 mg zinc /L and 150 mg iron + 100 mg zinc /L) and different plant distances (10, 20 and 30 cm between plants) on growth, yield and yield components as well as oil content of prickly oil lettuce under calcareous soil conditions. The experimental design was a split plot, whereas the main plots involved iron and zinc treatments and the sup main plots involved plant distances. The obtained results cleared that iron and zinc foliar application significantly affected on all traits, except number of branches/plant and harvest index, also plant spacing significantly affected on all traits, except plant height and 1000-seed weight during the two seasons, respectively. The interaction between iron and zinc foliar application and plant spacing had significant effects on all traits as an average for both seasons. Foliar application of iron and zinc together as a combination treatment caused an increase in all yield traits as compared with untreated plants in both seasons. Increasing the distance between plants from 10 to 20 and/or 30 cm significantly decreased seed yield/fad and seed yield/plant in both seasons. Oil percentage was increased when plants were transplanted at 20 cm a part. However, the oil yield was gradually decreased by increasing the distance between plants up to 30 cm. In general oil lettuce plants which treated by150 mg iron + 100 mg zinc /L and transplanted at 10 cm a part produced the highest values of seed and oil yield.
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and computational analyses of atomic structures of [0001] symmetric tilt grain boundaries of Al2O3 with equivalent grain-boundary planes

Al2O3 bicrystals containing [0001] symmetric tilt grain boundaries were fabricated to investigate atomic structures at their grain-boundary cores. Σ7 and Σ21 boundaries studied here have crystallographically equivalent grain-boundary planes of although they have different Σ values. Grain-boundary structures were studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and static lattice calculations based on ionic potentials. HRTEM observations showed that the Σ7 and Σ21 boundaries exhibited asymmetric core structures with respect to their grain-boundary planes. From static lattice calculations, it was found that these two grain boundaries have similar rigid-body shifts normal to the tilt axis and also contain open spaces at their core. The similarity of their core structures indicates that characteristics of grain-boundary cores strongly depend on features of grain-boundary planes.
Analysis of Key Propellants Affecting The Formation of Smart Rural Development in Iran

Smart development is a sustainable development which can be obtained through increasing the use of innovation, knowledge, and learning. Promoting smart rural development requires policies to facilitate innovation, knowledge, and learning in the rural context. However, applying the concept of smart development into rural areas may be more complex. Smart development is not a concept of one size to fit all, but its application in rural areas requires the incorporation of various initiatives with widespread management. The present study was designed to analyze the key propellants affecting the formation of smart rural development in Jovein. For this purpose, the recent study was designed to determine the key propellants affecting the smart rural development; the indices were merged in pairs, converted into three indices, and the MICMAC quantitative model was used. The results of the study indicate that, based on the results of the MICMAC quantitative model the two following indices have been identified as key propellants in formation of smart rural development: (a) increasing people with higher education and tendency to stay in the village with a +5 direct impact and a +2567 indirect impact; and (b) creating interactive industrial activities such as tourism, food, and cultural production with direct impact of +3 and the indirect impact of +2269.
Relationships between the Type and Carbon Chemistry of Humic Acids from Some New Zealand and Japanese Soils

Abstract Humic acids from a total of 14 soils, 10 from New Zealand and 4 from Japan, were selected to provide a range from Rp to A-types. Semi-quantitative assessment of their carbon chemistry by cross polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS)13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed variations in composition that were generally related to humic acid type. Aromatic-C was the predominant form of C in most A-type humic acids whereas in Rp, P, and B-type humic acids, the aliphatic-C and aromatic-C contents were comparable. Differences in humic acid types were not always reflected in their carbon chemistry, possibly because of their mode of formation. The effects of fire on vegetation or soil organic matter may at least partly explain the occurrence of A-type humic acids in two different New Zealand soils.
Management of Meloidogyne incognita infecting Eggplant Using Moringa Extracts, Vermicompost, and Two Commercial Bio-products

Two greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of dried leaf powder and extractives (ethanolic, and aqueous extracts) of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) or organic fertilizer (vermicompost) and two commercial products namely BioNematon (Purpureocillium lilacinum) and Abamectin, Gold (Streptomyces avermitilis) on eggplant growth parameters and Meloidogyne incognita infection. In both experiments observed data revealed that combined applications showed better performance than did single ones. Eggplant growth parameters in terms of fresh shoot and root lengths, and shoot and root weights were remarkably improved with single application of Abamectin or BioNematon followed by plant extracts or vermicompost resulting in a significant (P<0.05) suppression in nematode population in soil and root as well as the number of galls and egg masses. However, the potential of bioagent was increased with the addition of Moringa leaf powder and significantly (P<0.05) enhanced eggplant growth and suppressed nematode population, root galling and female fecundity even no significant differences were recorded compared to Oxamyl. Vermicompost derived from municipal wastes showed a low C/N ratio (1:14) with an excess of nitrogen that exhibited nematicidal activity against M.incognita. The addition of vermicompost with such bio-agents showed a synergistic effect upon nematode population, root galling and number of females. Significant differences whether in plant growth or nematode reproduction were not detected compared to Oxamyl. Thus the current study revealed the potential of leaf powder and extractives of Moringa, vermicompost, P.lilacinum and S.avermitilis as safe alternatives to control M.incognita infecting eggplant through an integrated management program and bring sustainability to agriculture.
Career planning for physical disability students

Career Planning for Students with Physical Disabilities is crucial to be prepared. A good career planning picture must contain four aspects of career planning which consist of seeking information, understanding, making decisions, and career achievement. The purpose of this study was to explore in-depth career planning in students of the Special School for Physical Disabilities (SLB) 1 Yogyakarta. This study used a qualitative approach, with the type of case study research, the subjects in this study were two students with physical disabilities, the first subject had moderate cerebral palsy and the second subject experienced abnormalities in the muscle system and skin groups. (musculus skeletal system) spina bifida. Then the secondary sources are teachers and parents. The data collection technique used triangulation in the form of interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study concluded that the career planning of the two early TA and DI students had differences. TA has not been able to do career planning. Because in the search for information, understanding, decision making, and career skills, TA cannot do it. Meanwhile, DI is capable of career planning because DI can find career information, even though DI is still a little doubtful due to lack of confidence, DI career decision making can be even though it is still not effective in managing free time. DI career skills are said to be capable, even though DI does not attend any additional education (courses).
Robust Financial Contracting and Investment

We study how investors' preferences for robustness influence corporate investment, financing, and compensation decisions and valuation in a financial contracting model with agency. We characterize the robust contract and show that early liquidation can be optimal when investors are sufficiently ambiguity averse. We implement the robust contract by debt, equity, cash, and a financial derivative asset. The derivative is used to hedge against the investors' concern that the entrepreneur may be overly optimistic. Our calibrated model generates sizable equity premium and credit spread, and implies that ambiguity aversion lowers Tobin's q; the average investment, and investment volatility. The entrepreneur values the project at an internal rate of return of 3.5% per annum higher than investors do.
Distal‐to‐proximal joint mechanics redistribution is a main contributor to reduced walking economy in older adults

Age‐related neural and musculoskeletal declines affect mobility and the quality of life of older adults. To date, the mechanisms underlying reduced walking economy in older adults still remain elusive. In this study, we wanted to investigate which biomechanical factors were associated with the higher energy cost of walking in older compared with young adults. Fourteen younger (24 ± 2 years) and fourteen older (74 ± 4 years) adults were tested. Plantarflexor strength and Achilles tendon stiffness were evaluated during a dynamometer test. Medial gastrocnemius fascicle length, ground reaction forces, joint kinematics, and oxygen consumption were measured during walking treadmill at 0.83 and 1.39 m.s−1. Energy cost of walking, lower‐limb joint mechanics, muscle‐tendon unit, and tendinous tissues length were calculated. The energy cost of walking was higher at 0.83 m.s‐1 (+16%; P = .005) and plantarflexor strength lower (−31%; P = .007) in older adults. Achilles tendon stiffness and medial gastrocnemius fascicle length changes did not differ between older and young adults. The reduction in ankle mechanics was compensated by increases in hip mechanics in older adults during walking. The hip extensor moment was the only significant predictor of the energy cost of walking (adjusted R2: 0.35‐0.38). The higher energy cost in older adults is mainly associated with their distal‐to‐proximal redistribution of joint mechanics during walking possibly due to plantarflexor weakness. In our study, medial gastrocnemius fascicle and tendinous tissue behavior did not explain the higher energy cost of walking in older compared to young adults.
Antibiotics modulate attractive interactions in bacterial colonies affecting survivability under combined treatment

Biofilm formation protects bacteria from antibiotics. Very little is known about the response of biofilm-dwelling bacteria to antibiotics at the single cell level. Here, we developed a cell-tracking approach to investigate how antibiotics affect structure and dynamics of colonies formed by the human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antibiotics targeting different cellular functions enlarge the cell volumes and modulate within-colony motility. Focusing on azithromycin and ceftriaxone, we identify changes in type 4 pilus (T4P) mediated cell-to-cell attraction as the molecular mechanism for different effects on motility. By using strongly attractive mutant strains, we reveal that the survivability under ceftriaxone treatment depends on motility. Combining our results, we find that sequential treatment with azithromycin and ceftriaxone is synergistic. Taken together, we demonstrate that antibiotics modulate T4P-mediated attractions and hence cell motility and colony fluidity. Author Summary Aggregation into colonies and biofilms can enhance bacterial survivability under antibiotic treatment. Aggregation requires modulation of attractive forces between neighboring bacteria, yet the link between attraction and survivability is poorly characterized. Here, we quantify these attractive interactions and show that different antibiotics enhance or inhibit them. Live-cell tracking of single cells in spherical colonies enables us to correlate attractive interactions with single cell motility and colony fluidity. Even moderate changes in cell-to-cell attraction caused by antibiotics strongly impact on within-colony motility. Vice versa, we reveal that motility correlates with survivability under antibiotic treatment. In summary, we demonstrate a link between cellular attraction, colony fluidity, and survivability with the potential to optimize the treatment strategy of commonly used drug combinations.