Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Pathological Features of Hydroa Vacciniforme-Like Lymphoproliferative Disorder Along with Risk Factors Indicating Poor Prognosis

Purpose To examine the clinical and pathological features, laboratory markers, therapeutic options and risk factors indicating poor prognosis of hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorder (HVLPD). Patients and Methods Seven patients with HVLPD had their clinical and pathological data collected. Immunohistochemical staining, Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization experiments, T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement, RT-PCR tests and the Elisa assay were carried out. Results The main clinical manifestations were papulovesicular lesions and ulcers on the face, neck, or trunk. Five cases had systemic symptoms. Three of the deceased patients had significant facial edema, deep body necrosis, and ulceration. The pathological results demonstrated that lymphocytes infiltrated blood vessels and sweat glands in addition to the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. All patients tested positive for CD3 and EBER. Six cases tested positive for TCRβF1, but none tested positive for TCRδ. TCRγ monoclonal rearrangement, strongly positive expression of TIA-1 and a Ki67 proliferation index of 40% occurred in 3 fatal cases. When compared to the survival group, the plasma EBV DNA in the deceased group was considerably higher (P<0.05). IFN-γ and TNF-α cytokine levels in patients were higher than in the control group, particularly in the deceased group (P<0.05). The skin lesions on all patients recovered quickly underwent conservative care. Nonetheless, 3 patients passed away as the disease progressed in its latter stages. Conclusion In our cases, the main infiltrating cells were T cells and the dominant lymphocyte subclass was αβT cells. A significant increase in lgE level, plasma EBV DNA, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokine levels, decreased hemoglobin level, strongly positive expression of TIA-1, high Ki67 proliferation index, and positive TCR gene rearrangement are all indicators of a poor prognosis.
Life stage-specific glycosylation of extracellular vesicles from Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula and adult worms drives differential interaction with C-type lectin receptors DC-SIGN and MGL

Schistosomes can survive in mammalian hosts for many years, and this is facilitated by released parasite products that modulate the host’s immune system. Many of these products are glycosylated and interact with host cells via C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). We previously reported on specific fucose-containing glycans present on extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by schistosomula, the early juvenile life stage of the schistosome, and the interaction of these EVs with the C-type lectin receptor Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3-Grabbing Non-integrin (DC-SIGN or CD209). EVs are membrane vesicles with a size range between 30–1,000 nm that play a role in intercellular and interspecies communication. Here, we studied the glycosylation of EVs released by the adult schistosome worms. Mass spectrometric analysis showed that GalNAcβ1–4GlcNAc (LacDiNAc or LDN) containing N-glycans were the dominant glycan type present on adult worm EVs. Using glycan-specific antibodies, we confirmed that EVs from adult worms were predominantly associated with LDN, while schistosomula EVs displayed a highly fucosylated glycan profile. In contrast to schistosomula EV that bind to DC-SIGN, adult worm EVs are recognized by macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL or CD301), and not by DC-SIGN, on CLR expressing cell lines. The different glycosylation profiles of adult worm- and schistosomula-derived EVs match with the characteristic glycan profiles of the corresponding life stages and support their distinct roles in schistosome life-stage specific interactions with the host.
Thermospheric NO Cooling during an Unusual Geomagnetic Storm of 21–22 January 2005: A Comparative Study between TIMED/SABER Measurements and TIEGCM Simulations

The geomagnetic storm is the manifestation of the solar wind–magnetosphere interaction. It deposits huge amount of the solar energy into the magnetosphere–ionosphere–thermosphere (MIT) system. This energy creates global perturbations in the chemistry, dynamics, and energetics of the MIT system. The high latitude energy deposition results in the Joule and particle heating that subsequently increases the thermospheric temperature. The thermospheric temperature is effectively regulated by the process of thermospheric cooling emission by nitric oxide via 5.3 µm. A peculiar, intense geomagnetic storm (Dst = −105 nT) occurred during 21–22 January 2005, where the main phase developed during the northward orientation of the z-component of interplanetary magnetic field. We utilized the nitric oxide 5.3 µm infrared emission from the NCAR’s Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) simulation and the Sounding of Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) onboard the thermosphere–ionosphere–mesosphere energetic and dynamics satellite to investigate its response to this anomalous geomagnetic storm. We compared the model results with the observations on both the local and global scales. It is observed that the model results agree very well with the observations during quiet times. However, the model severely underestimates the cooling emission by one-fourth of the observations, although it predicts an enhancement in the thermospheric temperature and densities of atomic oxygen and nitric oxide during the geomagnetic storm.
Alterations in gut immunological barrier in SARS-CoV-2 infection and their prognostic potential

Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily associated with mild respiratory symptoms, a subset of patients may develop more complicated disease with systemic complications and multiple organ injury. The gastrointestinal tract may be directly infected by SARS-CoV-2 or secondarily affected by viremia and the release of inflammatory mediators that cause viral entry from the respiratory epithelium. Impaired intestinal barrier function in SARS-CoV-2 infection is a key factor leading to excessive microbial and endotoxin translocation, which triggers a strong systemic immune response and leads to the development of viral sepsis syndrome with severe sequelae. Multiple components of the gut immune system are affected, resulting in a diminished or dysfunctional gut immunological barrier. Antiviral peptides, inflammatory mediators, immune cell chemotaxis, and secretory immunoglobulins are important parameters that are negatively affected in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mucosal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Th17 cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and macrophages are activated, and the number of regulatory T cells decreases, promoting an overactivated immune response with increased expression of type I and III interferons and other proinflammatory cytokines. The changes in the immunologic barrier could be promoted in part by a dysbiotic gut microbiota, through commensal-derived signals and metabolites. On the other hand, the proinflammatory intestinal environment could further compromise the integrity of the intestinal epithelium by promoting enterocyte apoptosis and disruption of tight junctions. This review summarizes the changes in the gut immunological barrier during SARS-CoV-2 infection and their prognostic potential.
A short proof of the Frobenius theorem

By separating the algebraic and analytic aspect of Frobenius' theorem on involutive distributions, we are able to give a simplified proof. The Frobenius theorem may be stated as follows [B, p. 161]: Theorem. An r-distribution A on an m-manifold M is involutive if and only if A is completely integrable. We recall that A is involutive if in the neighborhood of each point of M there is a local basis of vector fields {X1, X2, . , Xr} such that r [Xi, Xj] = c jXk for ? < i, j < r, k=1 and A is completely integrable if for each point p e M there is a coordinate system u: (U, p) -* (Rmw, 0) such that A is spanned by {&/0u I, . , 0,/0uI. Clearly, if A is completely integrable then A is involutive. Thus we assume that A is involutive. The following proof separates the algebraic and analytic aspects of the theorem. The algebraic part is completely elementary; we give a reference for the analytic part. Lemma 1. There is a coordinate system v: (V, p) -* (Rm, 0) such that A has a local basis {Xl, . , Xr} of the form Xi= 0? + Sb! 00 for l<i<r. j=r+ I Proof. Choose coordinates v : (V', p) -* (1R"m, 0) and let {Y1, . , Yr} be a local basis of vector fields for A in V'. Then m Yi a= for I < i < r, j=1 where the functions a are CX on V'. Since the Yi are independent, the r x m matrix A = (aJ) is of rank r, and without loss of generality, we may assume Received by the editors April 29, 1991. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 53C99. 1992 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/92 $1.00 + $. 25 per page
SOME ALTERNATIVE STOCHASTIC MODELS OF CHOICE1

Theories of choice may be regarded as having two principal features: a representation of indecision and a decision rule stating the conditions which must be satisfied for a choice to occur. Three ways of representing indecision are described and evaluated. In terms of one of these representations, several theoretical models of choice are developed by considering the consequences of two kinds of decision rule. A way of determining the properties of the models is described, but is not used in more than an illustrative fashion. A detailed examination of these properties will be given elsewhere, when comparisons will be made with empirical data.
Dielectric and Pyroelectric Properties of HAp-BaTiO3 Composites

In order to mimic the electrical properties of natural bone, the present work investigated the dielectric, AC conductivity, pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties of HA-40 wt% BaTiO3 (HA-26 vol% BaTiO3) and HA-60 wt% BaTiO3 (HA-44 vol% BaTiO3) composites. Multistage spark plasma sintering was used to achieve the desired combination of properties. The electrical parameters were measured as a function of temperature and frequency. The values of dielectric constant and loss for both the developed composites, measured at room temperature and at 1 KHz frequency was 21, 38 and 0.01 and 0.02, respectively. The AC conductivity for both the composites is found to be of the order of 10−10 and 10−9 (Ωcm)−1, measured under similar conditions. Activation energy calculated from σac vs. temperature plot for HA-40 wt% BaTiO3 is 0.50 eV. The room temperature pyroelectric coefficients for both the compositions are 2.35 and 21 μC/m2K, respectively. The piezoelectric coefficient values (d33) for both the compositions are 0.9 and 1 pC/N, respectively. The observed values of electrical parameters closely resemble with that of the natural human bone.
Job satisfaction variance among public and private school teachers: A case study

Abstract Teacher job satisfaction is the degree to which employees like or dislike their profession; they are satisfied when they have positive attitudes and feelings towards their job. Many studies were conducted in developing and developed countries, but unfortunately, studies focusing on teacher job satisfaction in the Afghan context are very limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate job satisfaction variance among public and private school teachers in Takhar schools. The data were collected using a survey questionnaire, and statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. The finding of the study showed that almost half of the respondents were satisfied with their profession. The study found statistically significant differences in the satisfaction level of teachers by their schools, teachers in private schools were more satisfied with most of the variables than their counterparts in public ones. However, public school teachers were more satisfied with their job security than private schools. The findings of the study will help educational authorities and policymakers to improve strategies for school leadership and teachers’ job satisfaction.
SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses associate with sex, age and disease severity in previously uninfected people admitted to hospital with COVID-19: An ISARIC4C prospective study

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic enables the analysis of immune responses induced against a novel coronavirus infecting immunologically naïve individuals. This provides an opportunity for analysis of immune responses and associations with age, sex and disease severity. Here we measured an array of solid-phase binding antibody and viral neutralising Ab (nAb) responses in participants (n=337) of the ISARIC4C cohort and characterised their correlation with peak disease severity during acute infection and early convalescence. Overall, the responses in a Double Antigen Binding Assay (DABA) for antibody to the receptor binding domain (anti-RBD) correlated well with IgM as well as IgG responses against viral spike, S1 and nucleocapsid protein (NP) antigens. DABA reactivity also correlated with nAb. As we and others reported previously, there is greater risk of severe disease and death in older men, whilst the sex ratio was found to be equal within each severity grouping in younger people. In older males with severe disease (mean age 68 years), peak antibody levels were found to be delayed by one to two weeks compared with women, and nAb responses were delayed further. Additionally, we demonstrated that solid-phase binding antibody responses reached higher levels in males as measured via DABA and IgM binding against Spike, NP and S1 antigens. In contrast, this was not observed for nAb responses. When measuring SARS-CoV-2 RNA transcripts (as a surrogate for viral shedding) in nasal swabs at recruitment, we saw no significant differences by sex or disease severity status. However, we have shown higher antibody levels associated with low nasal viral RNA indicating a role of antibody responses in controlling viral replication and shedding in the upper airway. In this study, we have shown discernible differences in the humoral immune responses between males and females and these differences associate with age as well as with resultant disease severity.
The linear stability of mixed convection in a vertical channel flow

In this study, the linear stability of mixed-convection flow in a vertical channel is investigated for both buoyancy-assisted and -opposed conditions. The disturbance momentum and energy equations were solved by the Galerkin method. In addition to the case with a zero heat flux perturbation boundary condition, we also examined the zero temperature perturbation boundary condition. In general, the mixed-convection flow is strongly destabilized by the heat transfer and therefore the fully developed heated flow is very unstable and very difficult to maintain in nature. For buoyancy-assisted flow, the two-dimensional disturbances dominate, while for buoyancy-opposed flow, the Rayleigh–Taylor instability prevails for zero heat flux perturbation boundary condition, and for the zero temperature perturbation on the boundaries the two-dimensional disturbances dominate except at lower Reynolds numbers where the Rayleigh–Taylor instability dominates again. The instability characteristics of buoyancy-assisted flow are found to be strongly dependent on the Prandtl number whereas the Prandtl number is a weak parameter for buoyancy-opposed flow. Also the least-stable disturbances are nearly one-dimensional for liquids and heavy oils at high Reynolds numbers in buoyancy-assisted flows. From an energy budget analysis, we found that the thermal–buoyant instability is the dominant type for buoyancy-assisted flow. In buoyancy-opposed flow, under the zero temperature perturbation boundary condition the Rayleigh–Taylor instability dominates for low-Reynolds-number flow and then the thermal–shear instability takes over for the higher Reynolds numbers whereas the Rayleigh–Taylor instability dominates solely for the zero heat flux perturbation boundary condition. It is found that the instability characteristics for some cases of channel flow in this study are significantly different from previous results for heated annulus and pipe flows. Based on the distinctly different wave speed characteristics and disturbance amplification rates, we offer some suggestions regarding the totally different laminar–turbulent transition patterns for buoyancy-assisted and -opposed flows.
Structural Analysis of Lexical Bundles in EFL English Majors' Theses of an Ordinary Normal University in China

A quantitative analysis has been made of 330 Chinese EFL learners’ theses the distribution of the three- to eight-word lexical bundles in them and a comparison has been made of the percentages of the four-word lexical bundles of different structural categories in Chinese EFL learners’ theses and the native English speakers’ spoken or written academic language. It is found that the three-to eight-word lexical bundles in Chinese EFL learners’ theses are on the decrease with the increase of the number of their component words. Chinese students’ English language data share with native English speakers’ spoken academic language data the ‘personal pronoun + lexical verb phrase (+complement clause)’ lexical bundles and the ‘(auxiliary +) active verb (+)’ bundles, and also share with native English speakers’ academic spoken language data the ‘adverbial clause fragment’ bundles, the ‘noun phrase with other post-modifier fragment’ bundles, the ‘anticipatory it + VP/adjective P (+ complement clause)’ bundles, the ‘passive verb + PP fragment’ bundles and the ‘copula be + NP/adjective P’ bundles. A further analysis shows that the EFL learners’ English language in their theses is of more characteristics of written language and fewer characteristics of spoken language.
A Lower Bound for the First Zagreb Index and Its Application

For a graph G, the first Zagreb index is defined as the sum of the squares of the vertices degrees. By investigating the connection between the first Zagreb index and the first three coefficients of the Laplacian characteristic polynomial, we give a lower bound for the first Zagreb index, and we determine all corresponding extremal graphs. By doing so, we generalize some known results, and, as an application, we use these results to study the Laplacian spectral determination of graphs with small first Zagreb index.
Convalescent Plasma Treatment of Patients Previously Treated with B-Cell-Depleting Monoclonal Antibodies Suffering COVID-19 Is Associated with Reduced Re-Admission Rates

Patients receiving treatment with B-cell-depleting monoclonal antibodies, such as anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab and obinutuzumab, either for hematological disease or another diagnosis, such as a rheumatological disease, are at an increased risk for medical complications and mortality from COVID-19. Since inconsistencies persist regarding the use of convalescent plasma (CP), especially in the vulnerable patient population that has received previous treatment with B-cell-depleting monoclonal antibodies, further studies should be performed in thisdirection. The aim of the present study was to describe the characteristics of patients with previous use of B-cell-depleting monoclonal antibodies and describe the potential beneficial effects of CP use in terms of mortality, ICU admission and disease relapse. In this retrospective cohort study, 39 patients with previous use of B-cell-depleting monoclonal antibodies hospitalized in the COVID-19 department of a tertiary hospital in Greece were recorded and evaluated. The mean age was 66.3 years and 51.3% were male. Regarding treatment for COVID-19, remdesivir was used in 89.7%, corticosteroids in 94.9% and CP in 53.8%. In-hospital mortality was 15.4%. Patients who died were more likely to need ICU admission and also had a trend towards a longer hospital stay, even though the last did not reach statistical significance. Patients treated with CP had a lower re-admission rate for COVID-19 after discharge. Further studies should be performed to identify the role of CP in patients with treatment with B-cell-depleting monoclonal antibodies suffering from COVID-19.
Emerging issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives

ABSTRACT Probiotics are used for both generally healthy consumers and in clinical settings. However, theoretical and proven adverse events from probiotic consumption exist. New probiotic strains and products, as well as expanding use of probiotics into vulnerable populations, warrants concise, and actionable recommendations on how to work toward their safe and effective use. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics convened a meeting to discuss and produce evidence-based recommendations on potential acute and long-term risks, risks to vulnerable populations, the importance for probiotic product quality to match the needs of vulnerable populations, and the need for adverse event reporting related to probiotic use. The importance of whole genome sequencing, which enables determination of virulence, toxin, and antibiotic resistance genes, as well as clear assignment of species and strain identity, is emphasized. We present recommendations to guide the scientific and medical community on judging probiotic safety. Plain Language Summary What is the context? Probiotics, available to healthy consumers as both dietary supplements and foods, are also used by some patient populations. The goal of this paper is to determine if any new factors have emerged that would impact current views about probiotic safety for both these populations. What is new? The authors conclude that established practices are sensibly addressing factors important to the safety of traditional probiotics used by the general population. They also make recommendations regarding emerging safety considerations. Probiotics targeted for patient populations should undergo stringent testing to meet quality standards appropriate for that population, preferably verified by an independent third party. The safety of probiotics derived from species without a history of safe use must be considered on a case-by-case basis. Research is needed to address some gaps, for example which best animal models to use for safety assessment of live microbes, the possibility of antibiotic resistance gene transfer via transformation, and potential impact of probiotic-induced changes in microbiomes, interactions with drugs, and probiotic colonization. What is the impact? Probiotics of sufficient quality for patient populations are being developed and should be used accordingly. Long-term safety assessments for probiotics should be consistent with, and not more stringent than, current regulatory requirements for biologic drugs, including fecal microbial transplants. Rigor in collecting and reporting data on adverse events is needed. The authors confirm the need for understanding the entire genetic makeup of a probiotic as a cornerstone for assessing its safety.