Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inelasticity Effect on Neutron Scattering Intensities of the Null-H2O

Time-of-flight (TOF) neutron scattering measurements have been carried out for liquid null-H2O, in which the average coherent scattering length of hydrogen atoms is zero. In order to determine the inelasticity effect depending on both the scattering angle and the neutron flight path ratio, γ [ = l_{s}/(l_{0} + l_{s}), l 0 and l s denote the moderator-sample and sample-detector distances, respectively], neutron scattering measurements have been performed using three neutron spectrometers, HIT-II, RAT, and SWAN, installed at KENS, Tsukuba, Japan. The self-scattering intensity for the null-H2O was derived by subtracting the known O–O partial structure factor from the observed scattering cross-section. It has been revealed that the magnitude of the inelasticity distortion involved in the self-scattering term is still significant even at a smaller scattering angle than that expected from the first-order inelasticity correction formulas proposed in the literature. The inelasticity distortion in the self-scatter.
ON RAYS OF COMPLETELY REGULAR GROWTH OF AN ENTIRE FUNCTION

This paper solves the problem of approximating a function, subharmonic in the entire plane, in a neighborhood of infinity by the logarithm of the modulus of an entire function. As an application of this result, we prove the existence of entire functions with an arbitrary closed set of rays of completely regular growth. Bibliography: 8 items.
Commercial Antivenoms Exert Broad Paraspecific Immunological Binding and In Vitro Inhibition of Medically Important Bothrops Pit Viper Venoms

Snakebite envenoming is a life threatening neglected tropical disease that represents a considerable public health concern in the tropics. Viperid snakes of the genus Bothrops are among those of greatest medical importance in Latin America, and they frequently cause severe systemic haemotoxicity and local tissue destructive effects in human victims. Although snakebite antivenoms can be effective therapeutics, their efficacy is undermined by venom toxin variation among snake species. In this study we investigated the extent of paraspecific venom cross-reactivity exhibited by three distinct anti-Bothrops antivenoms (Soro antibotrópico-crotálico, BothroFav and PoliVal-ICP) against seven different Bothrops pit viper venoms from across Latin America. We applied a range of in vitro assays to assess the immunological binding and recognition of venom toxins by the antivenoms and their inhibitory activities against specific venom functionalities. Our findings demonstrated that, despite some variations, the monovalent antivenom BothroFav and the polyvalent antivenoms Soro antibotrópico-crotálico and PoliVap-ICP exhibited extensive immunological recognition of the distinct toxins found in the different Bothrops venoms, with Soro antibotrópico-crotálico generally outperformed by the other two products. In vitro functional assays revealed outcomes largely consistent with the immunological binding data, with PoliVap-ICP and BothroFav exhibiting the greatest inhibitory potencies against procoagulant and fibrinogen-depleting venom activities, though Soro antibotrópico-crotálico exhibited potent inhibition of venom metalloproteinase activities. Overall, our findings demonstrate broad levels of antivenom paraspecificity, with in vitro immunological binding and functional inhibition often highly comparable between venoms used to manufacture the antivenoms and those from related species, even in the case of the monovalent antivenom BothroFav. Our findings suggest that the current clinical utility of these antivenoms could possibly be expanded to other parts of Latin America that currently suffer from a lack of specific snakebite therapies.
The dispersion of marked fluid in turbulent shear flow

The analysis used by Taylor (1954) and based on the Reynolds analogy has been extended to describe the diffusion of marked fluid in the turbulent flow in an open channel. The coefficient of longitudinal diffusion arising from the combined action of turbulent lateral diffusion and convection by the mean flow is computed to be 5·9uτh, where h is the depth of fluid and uτ the friction velocity. This is in agreement with experiments described herein. The laterla diffusion coefficient is found by experiment to be 0·23uτh, which is three times larger than the value obtained by the assumption of isotropy. The same analysis can be used to describe the longitudinal dispersion of discrete particles, both of zero buoyancy and of finite buoyancy, and comparison is made with observations by Batchelor, Binnie & Phillips (1955) and Binnie & Phillips (1958).
Effect of discharge opioid on persistent postoperative opioid use: a retrospective cohort study comparing tapentadol with oxycodone

Opioid harm can vary by opioid type. This observational study examined the effect of opioid type (oxycodone vs. tapentadol) on rates of persistent postoperative opioid use (‘persistence’). We linked hospital and community pharmacy data for surgical patients who were dispensed discharge opioids between 1 January 2016 and 30 September 2021. Patients were grouped by opioid experience (‘opioid‐naive’ having received no opioids in the 3 months before discharge) and formulation of discharge opioid (immediate release only or modified release ± immediate release). Mixed‐effects logistic regression models predicted persistence (continued use of any opioid at 90 days after discharge), controlling for key persistence risk factors. Of the 122,836 patients, 2.31% opioid‐naive and 27.24% opioid‐experienced patients met the criteria for persistence. For opioid‐naive patients receiving immediate release opioids, there was no significant effect of opioid type. Tapentadol modified release was associated with significantly lower odds of persistence compared with oxycodone modified release, OR (95%CI) 0.81 (0.69–0.94) for opioid‐naive patients and 0.81 (0.71–0.93) for opioid‐experienced patients. Among patients who underwent orthopaedic surgery (n = 19,832), regardless of opioid experience or opioid formulation, the odds of persistence were significantly lower for those who received tapentadol compared with oxycodone. This was one of the largest and most extensive studies of persistent postoperative opioid use, and the first that specifically examined persistence with tapentadol. There appeared to be lower odds of persistence for tapentadol compared with oxycodone among key subgroups, including patients prescribed modified release opioids and those undergoing orthopaedic surgery.
Implementation of Anti-Fraud Strategy in Islamic Banks and Dispute Resolution Alternative in the Perspective of Islamic Economic Law in Indonesia

The potential for disputes increases with the growth of Islamic banks due to the possible occurrence of fraud in various forms. Therefore, immediate and appropriate steps are needed to detect and resolve fraud early. When fraud is not immediately addressed, it causes enormous losses, thereby decreasing public trust in Islamic banks. The Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 39/POJK.03/2019 concerning the Implementation of the Anti-Fraud Strategy is sufficient to regulate the strengthening of the internal control system. However, the introduction and preparation of follow-up actions in resolving fraud-related disputes are still required through litigation in the Religious Courts or non-litigation using the mediation and arbitration processes. This research is conducted to resolve disputes through mediation or arbitration as indicated in the Qur'an with the term Al Shulhu. The mediation model offered is to mediate internally within the banking institution through an independent mediator appointed by the BPS (Sharia Supervisory Agency). When internal mediation is not resolved, the next stage is mediation or arbitration at a special institution, such as Basyarnas (National Sharia Arbitration Board) or LAPSPI (Indonesian Banking Dispute Resolution Alternative Institute), without ruling out selecting a litigation institution of the Religious Courts.
PRILOZI INSTITUTA ZA ARHEOLOGIJU

process was performed with the Kalinovac ore. Based on the results, the factors that could inhibit the production of iron blooms are explained. The latter research also implies a past technological adaptation, ore dressing conditioned by natural preconditions, primarily the variable properties of bog iron ores and the nature of the deposits. Data from surface field survey, geoarchaeological probing, geospatial analysis, experimental testing and mineralogical (XRD) and chemical analysis (ICP – AeS) of samples of ore development stages and slag obtained through experimental smelting are used in the analysis.
AM CVn Stars: Status and Challenges

AM CVn stars are the outcome of a fine-tuned binary star evolution pathway. They are helium-rich and their binary orbital periods are less than 65 minutes. They evolve through one or two common envelope (CE) events, which are difficult to model. Observations of AM CVn stars are important to understand the CE phase. Thanks to intensive observing campaigns, the number of AM CVn stars has increased from 5 to 25 during the last 15 yr. We have witnessed long photometric campaigns, time-resolved spectroscopy, UV and X-ray observations, and progress in modeling of the internal structure of donor and accretor stars, disk structure, disk atmosphere, and their evolution. Two possible new members of the AM CVn family have orbital periods of less than 10 minutes. For these, four different models have been proposed, including one without mass transfer, driven by electricity generated by the secondary star moving in the magnetic field of the primary. Short-period AM CVn stars are among the first possible detectable sources of low-frequency gravitational wave (GW) radiation. They are also possible progenitors of a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) and subluminous explosions, and they can produce helium novae during their evolution. From systematic searches in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, it has been possible to estimate population densities that can be tested against population synthesis models. One important question to investigate is the relative importance of the three proposed birth channels: a low-mass white dwarf donor, a helium-star donor, or a highly evolved cataclysmic variable (CV) as a donor. A review of the research on AM CVn stars covering the last 15 yr is given, and the outlook for future research is discussed.
Multi‐attribute value theory as a framework for conflict resolution in river rehabilitation

Decision making in environmental projects is usually complex because of heterogeneous stakeholder interests, multiple objectives, long planning and implementation processes, and uncertain outcomes. Conflicting stakeholder interests in particular are often an important impediment to the realization and success of projects. Multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods are potentially useful for facilitating conflict resolution among stakeholder groups. However, some studies that have applied MCDA methods indicate that users are often skeptical about the value of MCDA methods and prefer the freedom of unaided decision making. We examine whether and how multi-attribute value theory (MAVT), a particular kind of MCDA, facilitates conflict resolution in environmental projects. Therefore, the MAVT method is applied to a specific river rehabilitation project in Switzerland (Thur River). The main questions are: (1) Can the MAVT method predict the final preferences of stakeholders and therefore anticipate conflicts at an early stage? (2) Do stakeholders reconsider and change their preferences after using the MAVT method? (3) If they do, does this result in more consensus-oriented decisions? We find that the principal advantage of the method in our case was not the prediction of stakeholders' final preferences, but rather the methods' ability to facilitate more consensus-oriented decisions. The paper discusses possible reasons for this finding and concludes with recommendations for future applications of the MAVT method in environmental decision making. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
P-Glycoprotein-Def icient MDCK II Cell Lines for Efflux Substrate Screening

Purpose We characterized three canine P-gp (cP-gp) deficient MDCKII cell lines. Their relevance for identifying efflux transporter substrates and predicting limitation of brain penetration were evaluated. In addition, we discuss how compound selection can be done in drug discovery by using these cell systems. Method hMDR1, hBCRP-transfected, and non-transfected MDCKII ZFN cells (all with knock-down of endogenous cPgp) were used for measuring permeability and efflux ratios for substrates. The compounds were also tested in MDR1_Caco2 and BCRP_Caco-2, each with a double knock-out of BCRP/MRP2 or MDR1/MRP2 transporters respectively. Efflux results were compared between the MDCK and Caco-2 models. Furthermore, in vitroMDR1_ZFN efflux data were correlated with in vivo unbound drug brain-to-plasma partition coefficient (Kp,uu). Results MDR1 and BCRP substrates are correctly classified and robust transporter affinities with control substrates are shown. Cell passage mildly influenced mRNA levels of transfected transporters, but the transporter activity was proven stable for several years. TheMDCK and Caco-2 models were in high consensus classifying same efflux substrates. Approx. 80% of enlisted substances were correctly predicted with the MDR1_ZFN model for brain penetration. Conclusion cP-gp deficient MDCKII ZFN models are reliable tools to identify MDR1 and BCRP substrates and useful for predicting efflux liability for brain penetration.
Friction-induced reverse chatter in rigid-body mechanisms with impacts

The focus of this paper is on the possibility of formulating a consistent and unambiguous forward simulation model of planar rigid-body mechanical systems with isolated points of intermittent or sustained contact with rigid constraining surfaces in the presence of dry friction. In particular, the analysis considers paradoxical ambiguities associated with the coexistence of sustained contact and one or several alternative forward trajectories that include phases of free-flight motion. Special attention is paid to the so-called Painleve paradoxes where sustained contact is possible even if the contact-independent contribution to the normal acceleration would cause contact to cease. Here, through taking the infinite-stiffness limit of a compliant contact model, the ambiguity in the case of a condition of sustained stick is resolved in favour of sustained contact, whereas the ambiguity in the case of a condition of sustained slip is resolved by eliminating the possibility of reaching such a condition from an open set of initial conditions. A more significant challenge to the goal of an unambiguous forward simulation model is afforded by the discovery of open sets of initial conditions and parameter values associated with the possibility of a left accumulation point of impacts or reverse chatter—a transition to free flight through an infinite sequence of impacts with impact times accumulating from the right on a limit point and with impact velocities diverging exponentially away from the limit point, even where the contact-independent normal acceleration supports sustained contact. In this case, the infinite-stiffness limit of the compliant formulation establishes that, under a specific set of open conditions, the possibility of reverse chatter in the rigid-contact model is an irresolvable ambiguity in the forward dynamics based at the terminal point of a phase of sustained slip. Indeed, as the existence of a left accumulation point of impacts is associated with a one-parameter family of possible forward trajectories, the ambiguity is of infinite multiplicity. The conclusions of the theoretical analysis are illustrated and validated through numerical analysis of an example single-rigid-body mechanical model.
Properties of some stochastic orders: A unified study

The notions of the likelihood ratio order of degree s (s ≥ 0) are introduced for both continuous and discrete integer‐valued random variables. The new orders for s = 0, 1, and 2 correspond to the likelihood ratio, hazard rate, and mean residual life orders. We obtain some basic properties of the new orders and their up shifted stochastic orders, and derive some closure properties of them. Such a study is meaningful because it throws an important light on the understanding of the properties of the likelihood ratio, hazard rate, and mean residual life orders. On the other hand, the properties of the new orders have potential applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.
Mg II absorption in the spectra of 103 QSOs : implications for the evolution of gas in high-redshift galaxies

Spectra of 103 low- and intermediate-redshift QSOs (roughly half of which are radio sources) have been obtained with a resolution of 4-6 A in order to investigate the statistics of Mg II λλ2796, 2803 absorption systems over the redshift range 0.2 ≤ z abs ≤ 2.2. The QSOs were selected using criteria that are independent of their absorption properties, and in order to maximize the total redshift coverage of the survey
Dynamics of wind bubbles and superbubbles. II: Analytic theory

The analysis of wind bubbles and superbubbles in Paper I is extended to the case of power-law energy injection [L in (t)∞t ηin−1 ] in a medium with a power-law density distribution [ρ a (r)∞r −kρ ]. As before, the wind velocity is assumed to be constant, so that the energy injection rate is proportional to the mass injection rate, L in (t)∞M˙ in (t). The shock in the ambient medium is assumed not to accelerate which requires k ρ ≤3−η in . The evolution is followed from the free-expansion stage, in which the mass of the wind dominates the sweptup mass, through the self-similar stage, to the stage in which the bubble is confined by the pressure of the ambient medium
Magnetic coupling in amorphous Co-Dy-B and Fe-Dy-B alloys

We have studied the magnetization of amorphous Co–Dy–B and Fe–Dy–B alloys at 1.5 K under very high fields up to 35 T. Above a critical field the antiferromagnetic coupling breaks as indicated by the strong increase in the magnetization. This is explained by a model. The analysis of this behavior enables us to obtain some important parameters of fundamental interest, such as, the molecular field coefficient, the exchange integral, etc.
Observer‐based fault diagnosis and self‐restore control for systems with measurement delays

The problems of fault diagnosis and fault‐tolerant control are considered for systems with measurement delays. In contrast to the present fault diagnosis and fault‐tolerant control approaches, which consider only the input delay and/or state delay, the main contribution of this paper consists of proposing a new observer‐based reduced‐order fault diagnoser construction approach and a design approach to dynamic self‐restore fault‐tolerant control law for systems with measurement delays. First, the time‐delay system is transformed into a delay‐free system in form by a special functional‐based delay‐free transformation approach for measurement delays. Then, the fault diagnosis is realized online via the proposed reduced‐order fault diagnoser. Using the results of fault diagnosis, two dynamic self‐restore control laws are designed to make the system isolated from faults. A numerical example demonstrates the feasibility and validity of the proposed scheme.
Anomalous temperature dependence of multiple Andreev reflections in a topological insulator Josephson junction

As a promising platform for unconventional superconductivity, Josephson junctions (JJs) of tetradymite topological insulators (TIs) and s-wave superconductors have been investigated in recent years. This family of TI materials, however, often suffers from spurious bulk transport, which hampers the observation of the exotic physics of their topological surface states. Thus, disentangling the transport mechanism of bulk and surface contributions in TI JJs is of high importance when investigating proximity induced superconductivity in those crystals. In this work, we add to the insights regarding these contributions by studying the temperature-dependent behaviour of a Bi2Te3-based JJ with transparent interfaces. In electrical transport measurements, we investigate differential conductance spectra of multiple Andreev reflections (MARs) and find a qualitative temperature-dependent change from peak features at low temperatures to dip features at higher ones. The observation of both kind of MAR patterns in a single JJ suggests contributions of diffusive bulk and ballistic surface states and links to a similar finding in the temperature dependence of the critical current. Our work advances the research of induced superconductivity in TIs and offers new avenues to study the induced superconductivity in the topological surface states of these materials.
Does shaping bring an advantage for reversed field pinch plasmas?

The MHD–kinetic hybrid toroidal stability code MARS-K (Liu et al 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 112503) is applied to study the shaping effects on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stabilities in reversed field pinch (RFP) plasmas, where both elongation and triangularity are taken into account. The ideal wall β (the ratio of the gaso-kinetic to magnetic pressures) limit set by the ideal kink mode/resistive wall mode in shaped RFP is investigated first, followed by a study of the kinetic damping on the resistive wall mode. Physics understanding of the results is provided by a systematic numerical analysis. Furthermore, the stability boundary of the linear resistive tearing mode in shaped RFP plasmas is computed and compared with that of the circular case. Finally, bootstrap currents are calculated for both circular and shaped RFP plasmas. Overall, the results of these studies indicate that the current circular cross-section is an appropriate choice for RFP devices, in the sense that the plasma shaping does not bring an appreciable advantage to the RFP performance in terms of macroscopic stabilities. In order to reach a steady-state operation, future RFP fusion reactors will probably need a substantial fraction of external current drives, due to the unfavourable scaling for the plasma-generated bootstrap current in the RFP configuration.
Improving open‐circuit voltage in DSSCs using Cu‐doped TiO2 as a semiconductor

TiO2 doping has been widely used in photocatalysis and photovoltaic cells to improve the performance of this semiconductor. This paper studies the use of copper as a dopant in TiO2 in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSC), analysing the effect on the photovoltaic properties of the cells of different concentrations of copper incorporated into the semiconductor. The copper‐doped TiO2 semiconductor was characterized with several instrumental techniques, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and UV–Vis spectroscopy in order to know its structure, composition and band gap energies with different concentrations of the dopant. An analysis was also performed of the variations in open‐circuit voltage depending on the concentration of copper. This showed that the presence of copper in DSSCs made with a standard configuration – using a ruthenium complex (N3) as a dye and the redox pair ${\rm I}^{- } {\rm /I}_{{\rm 3}}^{- } $ as the electrolyte with 3‐methoxypropionitrile as a solvent – leads to improvements of up to 10% in the open‐circuit voltage of DSSCs.