Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Klebanoff modes in active flow control of separation: direct numerical simulations

Our previous research has shown that an active flow control strategy using two-dimensional (2-D) harmonic blowing and suction with properly chosen frequency and amplitude can significantly reduce the separation region, delay transition to turbulence and can even relaminarize the flow. How such effective flow control for transition delay and relaminarization is affected by free-stream turbulence (FST) remains an open question. In order to answer this question, highly resolved direct numerical simulations (DNS) are carried out where very low-amplitude isotropic FST fluctuations are introduced at the inflow boundary of the computational domain. With FST the effectiveness of the flow control is not diminished, and the extent of the separated flow region is reduced by the same amount as for the zero FST case. However, a striking difference observed in the DNS is the fact that in the presence of even very low levels of FST, the flow transitions shortly downstream of the reattachment location of the bubble, contrary to the case without FST. It appears that this different behaviour for even very small levels of FST is caused by an interaction between the high-amplitude 2-D disturbances introduced by the flow control forcing and 3-D Klebanoff modes (K-modes) that are generated by the FST. The streamwise elongated streaks due to the K-modes cause a spanwise-periodic modulation of the basic flow and subsequently of the primary 2-D wave. The disturbances associated with this modulation exhibit strong growth and initiate the breakdown process to turbulence. Linear secondary instability investigations with respect to low-frequency 3-D disturbances are carried out based on the linearized Navier–Stokes equations. The response of the forced flow to the low-frequency 3-D disturbances reveals that the time-periodic base flow is unstable with respect to a wide range of 3-D modes. In particular, the wavelength associated with the spanwise spacing of the K-mode falls into the range of, and is in fact very close to, the most unstable 3-D disturbances. Results from the secondary instability analysis and the comparison with DNS results, support the conjecture that the forcing amplitude has a major impact on the onset and amplification rate of the K-modes: lowering the forcing amplitude postpones the onset of the growth of the K-modes and reduces the growth rate of the K-modes for a given FST intensity. The net effect of these two events is a delay of the transition onset. Nevertheless, the instability mechanism that governs the transition process is the same as previously identified, i.e. interaction of the K-mode and 2-D primary wave. Furthermore, for low levels of FST, the amplitude of the low-frequency K-modes scales linearly with the FST intensity in the approach boundary layer up to the secondary instability regime.
GuideMinimally Invasive Sacroiliac Fusion Revision: A Technique

Study Design: A retrospective case-series of revision sacroiliac joint (SIJ) fusions. Objective: To provide a technique guide for revision minimally invasive SIJ fusion. Summary of Background Data: SIJ dysfunction is a prevalent, yet underdiagnosed condition. This disparity exists as a result of diagnostic complexity and lack of a viable surgical treatment option. However, the advent of minimally invasive SIJ fusion has created a resurgence of interest in this debilitating condition. Multiple studies have reported on the increased use of minimally invasive SIJ fusion in recent years, but there is a paucity of literature on management in a revision setting. Methods: A case series of 5 patients from a single academic tertiary referral center over a 3-year period will serve to highlight technical pearls and considerations in SIJ fusion revision. Revision SIJ fusions were identified through a retrospective review of a surgical database and demographic, surgical, and radiographic data were obtained through review of the electronic medical record. Results: Five patients underwent SIJ fusion revision from 2015 to 2018. There were 3 main modes of failure, with indications for revision including nerve root irritation and SIJ pain recurrence. The mean age at time of revision was 48.8 6 14.3 years, and the mean follow-up after revision was 2.0 þ 0.9 years. Familiarity with SIJ anatomy and use of stereotactic navigation can improve implant position and purchase. Additionally, bone graft and bone morphogenetic protein can be used to fill in old implant tracks and to augment bony ingrowth and ongrowth of new implants. Conclusions: Increased use of SIJ fusion creates a demand for comprehensive revision strategies and necessitates familiarity with SIJ anatomy. Preoperative planning to determine causes of failure and use of intraoperative navigation are essential to help surgeons better understand the preferential trajectory for each implant.
Numerical simulation of linear

: One of the main stages in the design of wave energy converters (WEC’s) is the numerical modelling of a given converter. In this paper, the numerical simulation of both linear deep water waves and linear waves for the finite depth case are explored using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), to aid in this design stage. The CFD software package described in this paper is the commercial finite volume package ANSYS CFX (Release 12.1). The results of parametric studies, which were performed in order to optimise the CFD model, are detailed and a guide to creating a model that produces the desired waves is presented. The model was validated in two ways: (a) the wave created was compared to wavemaker theory (WMT) and (b) the water particle velocity and elevation of the wave was compared to linear, Airy, wave theory (LWT) for deep water waves. It was also found that wave generation in ANSYS CFX using a flap-type wavemaker was restricted to a low normalised wavenumber, k 0 h . In order to increase this restriction, the hinge of the wavemaker was raised and, with this alteration, it is possible to generate deep water linear waves. A case study of a real world application of wave-structure interaction, employing this methodology, is also explored.
Finite-time output feedback attitude synchronization for multiple spacecraft

Distributed attitude control for spacecraft formation without angular velocity measurement is complicated and challenging. Based on nonsingular terminal sliding mode, this paper designs two kinds of finite-time attitude synchronization controllers with inertia uncertainties and external disturbances. Aiming at calculating angular velocity in finite time, a nonlinear state observer and an angular velocity calculation algorithm are firstly developed. Then, two strategies for estimating reference signals and two distributed output feedback controllers, based on continuous adaptive technology and adaptive disturbance observer, are designed respectively. Different from existing results, the controllers are inherently continuous and the control chattering is greatly reduced. Also, the designed nonlinear observers need no prior knowledge on the upper bound of uncertain state and are proved finite-time convergent via Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulations and comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Optimal power for an elliptic equation related to someCaffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalities

In this paper we analyze the following elliptic problem related to some Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalities: \begin{eqnarray} -div(|x|^{-2\gamma}\nabla u)-\lambda \frac{u}{|x|^{2(\gamma+1)}}=|\nabla u|^p|x|^{-\gamma p}+cf,\; u>0\; \mbox{ in }\; \Omega, \qquad u_{|\partial \Omega}\equiv0, \end{eqnarray} where $\Omega \subset R^N$ is a domain such that $0\in\Omega$, $N\geq 3$, and $c, \lambda, \gamma, p $ are positive constants verifying $0 0$. Our study concerns to existence of solutions to the former problem. More precisely, first we determine a critical thereshold for the power $p$, in the sense that, beyond this value it does not exist any positive supersolution to our problem, not even in a very weak sense. In addition, we show existence of solutions for all the values $p>0$ below this threshold, with the restriction $\gamma>-\frac{N(1-p)+2}{2}$, whenever the righthand side verifies $f(x)\leq |x|^{-2(\gamma+1)}$ if $\gamma>-1$. When $-\frac{N(1-p)+2}{2}<\gamma\leq -1$ it suffices that $f\in L^{2/p}(\Omega)$. The existence of solutions for $0 < p < 1$ and $\gamma\leq -\frac{N(1-p)+2}{2}$ is an open question.
with external auditory canal stenosis. High-resolution CT of mastoid sinus pneumocele

Summary: A 34-year-old man presented with tinnitus and conductive hearing loss. CT demonstrated an expansile, air-containing cavity contiguous with mastoid air cells, narrowing the ex-ternal auditory canal. This is a case of symptomatic pneumocele resulting in an air collection beneath external canal lining, possibly related to an abnormality in mastoid fusion.
MACHINE LEARNING MODELING FOR REAL ESTATE Predicting

The real estate industry has long been relying on simple valuation methods and heuristics. The most commonly used methods in the industry are Comparable transactions and NOI-method. The rise of machine learning and big data are, however on the verge of changing that. Large companies are more and more investing in intelligent and automated valuation methods owing to their speed and cheapness compared to more traditional methods. In this study, the Finnish housing market in the city of Oulu is considered for implementing machine learning algorithms to property data to predict prices. The goal of the study was to find evidence on the usefulness of machine learning models for property price prediction. For identifying meaningful results several different algorithms were implemented. The results show that even on a small amount of data, machine learning algorithms can produce promising results and more accurate ones than those produced by traditional methods. The average error was 10.87% on the machine learning model compared to 12 % typically produced by real estate appraisers. The most accurate and robust algorithm was the decision-tree-based ensemble model Random forest.
Knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding Teledentistry among dental practioners of Dhule city: A cross sectional survey

-INTRODUCTION - Telemedicine has a variety of applications in patient care, education, research, public health. It helps in the exchange of clinical information and images over remote distances for dental consultation and treatment planning. AIM-To access knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding teledentistry among dental practioners of Dhule city. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY-The study was a cross sectional Survey conducted among dental practioners conducted in Dhule City of Maharashtra. A structured questionnaire was formulated with 19 questions in English language.The first part of questionnaire was based demographic data including name, age, gender, address, Qualification and experience.Second part consisted of 19 multiple choice close ended questions. Questions regarding the knowledge of teledentistry and its uses to monitor patient`s oral health were included as well as the awareness about teledentistry among dentist’s, its feasibility and uses during dental emergencies. Results-24.1% participants were known to the term teledentistry.66. 9% participants find teledentistry useful for monitoring patient`s oral health. 76.6% participants felt need of awareness about teledentistry among dentist. 72.9% participants think teledentistry can be an addition to the regular care provided. Conclusion–Inspite of having good oral health care facilities in, rural population is quite devoid of dental services and through teledentistry dentist’s can serve deprived rural population.
Tracking forest phenology and seasonal physiology using digital repeat photography: a critical assessment

Digital repeat photography is becoming widely used for near-surface remote sensing of vegetation. Canopy greenness, which has been used extensively for phenological applications, can be readily quantiﬁed from camera images. Important questions remain, however, as to whether the observed changes in canopy greenness are directly related to changes in leaf-level traits, changes in canopy structure, or some combination thereof. We investigated relationships between canopy greenness and various metrics of canopy structure and function, using ﬁve years (2008–2012) of automated digital imagery, ground observations of phenological transitions, leaf area index (LAI) measurements, and eddy covariance estimates of gross ecosystem photosynthesis from the Harvard Forest, a temperate deciduous forest in the northeastern United States. Additionally, we sampled canopy sunlit leaves on a weekly basis throughout the growing season of 2011. We measured physiological and morphological traits including leaf size, mass (wet/dry), nitrogen content, chlorophyll ﬂuorescence, and spectral reﬂectance and characterized individual leaf color with ﬂatbed scanner imagery. Our results show that observed spring and autumn phenological transition dates are well captured by information extracted from digital repeat photography. However, spring development of both LAI and the measured physiological and morphological traits are shown to lag behind spring increases in canopy greenness, which rises very quickly to its maximum value before leaves are even half their ﬁnal size. Based on the hypothesis that changes in canopy greenness represent the aggregate effect of changes in both leaf-level properties (speciﬁcally, leaf color) and changes in canopy structure (speciﬁcally, LAI), we developed a two end-member mixing model. With just a single free parameter, the model was able to reproduce the observed seasonal trajectory of canopy greenness. This analysis shows that canopy greenness is relatively insensitive to changes in LAI at high LAI levels, which we further demonstrate by assessing the impact of an ice storm on both LAI and canopy greenness. Ourstudy provides new insights into the mechanisms driving seasonal changes in canopy greenness retrieved from digital camera imagery. The nonlinear relationship between canopy greenness and canopy LAI has important implications both for phenological research applications and for assessing responses of vegetation to disturbances.
Where are the Chinese economists? The surprising disparity between the economy and economists

China's GNP is close to, or larger than, that of the US and the per-capita income gap between the countries is closing. Despite this, Chinese economists are absent from the rankings of top academic economists and none has received the Nobel Prize in Economics. This column offers several potential reasons for this, and also argues that the situation is likely to change in the future. Young scholars in particular may be well advised to take this into account, as their careers are likely to benefit if they link up to the Chinese academic market.
Negation in early English : parametric variation and grammatical competition

This large scale study of negation in English of the period 800-1500AD synthesizes three areas of linguistics: Minimalist syntactic theory, quantitative methodology, and textual study of data from two new large syntactically parsed corpora of Old English (Taylor 2002) and Middle English (Kroch & Taylor 2000). I integrate recent formal models of Minimalist syntactic representation (Chomsky 1995,2000) with recent quantitative methods and models of change (Kroch 1989) to provide an economical and empirically defensible Minimalist analysis of changes in early English negation observed in progress across a large early English corpus. Quantitative data from morphosyntactic change in progress crucially establish the most appropriate syntactic analysis of early English negation and underpin a new model of grammaticalisation. I present empirical evidence to distinguish three patterns of early English negation which are ordered in time to constitute Jespersen's Cycle (Jespersen 1917). These three stages are distinguished within a Minimalist syntactic framework (Chomsky 1995; 2000) using different morphosyntactic features. This approach accommodates the observed distribution of sentential negators in all early English clause types, unlike the accounts proposed by Frisch (1997) or van Keinenade (2000). I claim that grammaticalisation involves change in formal morphosyntactic features. My proposals distinguish two types of polarity head. One has LF interpretable NEG-features. The other does not have any LF interpretation. The Neg-criterion (Haegeman 1995) is reduced to a morphosyntactic feature checking dependency only applicable when the negative head does not bear LF interpretable NEG-features. Quantitative evidence establishes the relationships between change in the position of negation in clause structure, change to the form of sentential negation, and change to the availability of multiple negation. A Minimalist approach to parametric variation provides a new perspective on the relationships between these early English changes, challenging previous accounts which link changes in the position of negation to Jespersen's Cycle (van Kemenade 2000) and which link changes in the availability of multiple negation to Jespersen's Cycle (Rowlett 1998).
Automatic spectral coarse spaces for robust FETI and BDD algorithms

We introduce spectral coarse spaces for the BDD (Balanced Domain Decomposition) and FETI (Finite Element Tearing and Interconnecting) methods. These coarse spaces are specifically designed for the twolevel methods to be scalable and robust with respect to the coefficients in the equation and the choice of the decomposition. We achieve this by solving generalized eigenvalue problems on the interfaces between subdomains to identify the modes which slow down convergence. Theoretical bounds for the condition numbers of the preconditioned operators which depend only on a chosen threshold and the maximal number of neighbours of a subdomain are presented and proved. For FETI there are two versions of the two-level method: one based on the full Dirichlet preconditioner and the other on the, cheaper, lumped preconditioner. Some numerical tests confirm these results.
Fairness in Oral Language Assessment: Training Raters and Considering Examinees’ Expectations

This study examined the effect of rater training on promoting inter-rater reliability in oral language assessment. It also investigated whether rater training and the consideration of the examinees’ expectations by the examiners have any effect on test-takers’ perceptions of being fairly evaluated. To this end, four raters scored 31 Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ oral performance on the speaking module of the IELTS in two stages (i.e. pre-and post-training stage). Furthermore, following Kunnan’s (2004) Test Fairness Framework, a questionnaire on fairness in oral language assessment was developed, and after pilot testing and validating, it was administered to the examinees at both stages. The examinees’ expectations were taken into account in the second round of the speaking test. The results indicated that rater training is likely to promote inter-rater reliability and, in turn, enhances the fairness of the decisions made based on the test scores. It was also concluded that considering students’ expectations of a fair test would improve their overall perceptions of being fairly evaluated. The results of this study sought to provide second language teachers, oral test developers, and oral examiners and raters with useful insights into addressing fairness-related issues in oral assessment.
Ising Model in One- Dimensionalon Directed Small- World Networks

It is known from the literature that the Ising models in one-dimension (1D) [1] there is no phase transistion at finite temperature T, while two-dimension (2D) presents a continuous phase transition. Pekalski [2] studied the Ising model on a smallworld network (SW) constructed from a ring lattice. In the presence of a finite fraction of additional long-range interactions, the model presents a phase transistion a finite temperature.
Evidence Based Library and Information Practice

Objective – To analyze factors affecting book choice: reading recommendations, reasons for choosing series books, book reviews, and school libraries. Design – This secondary analysis of data is based on a selection of findings from a larger 2005 survey that monitored trends in youth reading habits. The large scale 2005 study was designed as a follow up to a 1996 survey. The 2005 survey used online questionnaires and formal statistical analysis to compare gender and age groups. The data on factors affecting book choice were derived from the original questions, responses, and analyses.
International Journal of Solids and Structures

A new approach is described for simulating self-healing behaviour in cementitious materials with a two phase micro-mechanical constitutive model. A Mori–Tanaka homogenisation scheme is employed for the composite along with an exterior point Eshelby solution that accounts for stress concentrations adjacent to inclusions. In addition, anisotropic micro-cracking is simulated using arrays of circular cracks. Self-healing is incorporated into the model by using a novel solidiﬁcation formulation that models healing under both null and non-zero strain conditions. The focus of the present work is on the recovery of mechanical properties of the micro-cracked material. The performance of the 3D micromechanical self-healing model is illustrated using a series of stress-strain paths that involve damage and healing cycles. The implementation of the model in a layered beam model is also described, as are a series of model validations that employed data from a recent test series undertaken at Cardiff University as well as data from tests undertaken by others. The examples and validations show that the new micro-mechanical self-healing model is capable of representing the characteristic mechanical response of self-healing ce-mentitious materials.
THE INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT QUALITY AND SERVICE QUALITY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION BAKSO SONHAJI SONY LAMPUNG

Based The food and beverage industry can survive and increase during the time of covid-19. The culinary sector is the largest contributor to PDB in the creative industry. In the midst of the people's weakening purchasing power, the contribution of Indonesian consumer spending on food spending is still the largest, because of this the culinary business in Indonesia continues to grow, one of which is in Lampung. Lampung has a variety of famous culinary. One of the legendary and famous culinary is Bakso Sonhaji Sony Lampung. Sales of Bakso Sonhaji Sony Lampung increased in 2019 - 2020, therefore, customer reviews also increased. There are positive reviews and not a few negative reviews and low ratings given by customers regarding products and services of Bakso Sonhaji Sony Lampung. This study aims to determine the effect of product quality and service quality on customer satisfaction Bakso Sonhaji Sony Lampung. The data collection technique used is primary data by distributing questionnaires using a Likert scale with 100 respondents. The method used in processing the data in this study is multiple linear regression using the SPSS (Statistical Program for Science) application. From the results of questionnaires and data processing, this study shows that product quality has a partial effect on customer satisfaction. service quality has a partial effect on customer satisfaction. There is a simultaneous influence on product quality and service quality on customer satisfaction.