Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expanding Horizons in a Shrinking World

Conference which gives us all a unique experience to discuss the opportunities and challenges we face. This year's conference is the latest in a series of conferences dating back to 1928. Since then, representatives from a growing number of nations have met at St John's College, Cambridge every four years to learn from each other and to share ideas and insights. At the 2003 event it was agreed that there would be an interim event as 'our world' is now changing so rapidly; as a result CC: The Exchange was held in Southampton in 2005. As national mapping and cadastral agencies, we have significant influence on the reputation and adoption of geographic information both in our own countries and internationally. Our work increasingly supports public administration, commerce, academia and leisure, delivering countless benefits to populations across the globe. The theme of this year's conference is 'Expanding horizons in a shrinking world', reflecting the possibilities and changes we see in 2007. In a period increasingly informed by global communications, we are delighted that our keynote speaker is Our workshop sessions cover a wide range of vital issues including, data sharing, licensing, risk management, education and partnering. Outside the formal agenda, I am sure we will enjoy meeting with long-established contacts and new faces. We have a busy programme of social events and visits which I encourage you to join. May I wish you a thought-provoking and happy conference, and I look forward to speaking with you in person.
Friction and the Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyurethane Elastomers. 1. Solid Polyurethanes

The results reported indicate that the properties of polyurethanes elastomers can be tailored to serve a wide variety of applications, for low temperature uses as well. The glass transition temperatures of the soft segments (Tgs) which control the low temperature properties of polyurethane elastomers, ranged from -79°C to -27°C (DSC onset values). The transitions observed in the range 75 to 125°C were attributed to hard segment glass transitions. The transitions at temperatures from 140 to 170°C, which were identified especially in the samples of over stoichiometric diisocyanate concentration, evidently arose from the dissociation of allophanate crosslinks and successive ordering processes. The low temperature β” and γ transitions were observed at temperatures from -70°C to -125°C. In addition to the obvious Schatzki crankshaft mechanism, allophanate crosslinking may influence these transitions. Samples that were annealed over the crystal melting temperature and subsequently quenched exhibited higher glass transition temperatures than the samples kept for a long time at room temperature. These results can be explained in terms of better phase separation in annealing and formation of small soft segment crystallites in quenching, in contrast to the formation of large crystalline and amorphous phases in the RT samples.
The Empirical Relevance of the Shadow Rate and the Zero Lower Bound

This paper tests the statistical and economic differences in monetary policy implications using the shadow rate proposed in Wu and Xia (2016). Time-varying coefficient VAR models are fitted to US data from 1966–2017 that reveal stark economic and statistical differences in the structural implications of monetary policy that arise when replacing conventional interest rates with their shadow rate counterparts. Results prove strong support for utilising shadow rates within models of monetary policy under a binding zero lower bound constraint.
A Humanized Yeast System for Evaluating the Protein Prenylation of a Wide Range of Human and Viral CaaX Sequences

The C-terminal CaaX sequence (cysteine-aliphatic-aliphatic-any of several amino acids) is subject to isoprenylation on the conserved cysteine and is estimated to occur in 1-2% of proteins within yeast and human proteomes. Recently, non-canonical CaaX sequences in addition to shorter and longer length CaX and CaaaX sequences have been identified that can be prenylated. Much of the characterization of prenyltransferases has relied on the yeast system because of its genetic tractability and availability of reporter proteins, such as the a-factor mating pheromone, Ras GTPase, and Ydj1 Hsp40 chaperone. To compare the properties of yeast and human prenyltransferases, including the recently expanded target specificity of yeast farnesyltransferase, we have developed yeast strains that express human farnesyltransferase or geranylgeranyltransferase-I in lieu of their yeast counterparts. The humanized yeast strains display robust prenyltransferase activity that functionally replaces yeast prenyltransferase activity in a wide array of tests, including the prenylation of a wide variety of canonical and non-canonical human CaaX sequences, virus encoded CaaX sequences, non-canonical length sequences, and heterologously expressed human proteins HRas and DNAJA2. These results reveal highly overlapping substrate specificity for yeast and human farnesyltransferase, and mostly overlapping substrate specificity for GGTase-I. This yeast system is a valuable tool for further defining the prenylome of humans and other organisms, identifying proteins for which prenylation status has not yet been determined. Summary Statement We report yeast engineered to express human prenylation enzymes with which prenylation can be investigated for established and novel CaaX sequences associated with proteins involved in human disease.
The Shiga toxin (Stx)-Phage Encoded Ribosomal RNA Methyltransferase Regulates Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Virulence by Blocking Stx-Mediated Inactivation of Bacterial Ribosomes

Shiga toxin (Stx) produced and released after induction of Stx-encoding prophage resident within Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) causes life-threatening illness. We previously identified that a two-subunit Stx prophage-encoded 16S rRNA methyltransferase, M. ECPA8_3172P-PNB-2, which is both uniquely encoded by and commonly found in Stx2- encoding bacteriophage, regulates both prophage spontaneous induction and STEC virulence. We found here that sequential deletion of these two subunits leads to concomitant, progressive reduction in both prophage spontaneous induction and STEC virulence. This observation indicates that these outcomes are linked. The translation activity of extracts made from a ΔM. ECPA8_3172PΔPNB-2 Stx prophage-containing strain was lower that of extracts made from either the methyltransferase replete STEC strain or from a strain that did not contain a Stx-encoding prophage. We found that the ΔM. ECPA8_3172PΔPNB-2 STEC strain contained significantly fewer ribosomes that did the methyltransferase replete STEC strain. These observations suggested that the M. ECPA8_3172P-PNB-2 methyltransferase may block Stx-mediated ribosome inactivation. Consistent with this idea, we found that translation extracts made from STEC expressing M. ECPA8_3172P-PNB-2 are more resistant to Stx- mediated inactivation than are those made from ΔM. ECPA8_3172PΔPNB-2 STEC. These findings indicate the M. ECPA8_3172P-PNB-2 methylation of 16S rRNA protects the ribosome from Stx-mediated inactivation, thereby allowing more phage and more Stx to be spontaneously produced. Direct 16S rRNA sequencing identified 4 putative M. ECPA8_3172P-PNB-2 methylation sites, all of which map onto the RNA polymerase contacting surface of the 30S ribosome subunit in the expressome, suggesting the M. ECPA8_3172P-PNB-2 may protect the ribosome from inactivation by stabilizing this complex.
Antiviral Wolbachia strains associate with Aedes aegypti endoplasmic reticulum membranes and disturb host cell lipid distribution to restrict dengue virus replication

The insect endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia pipientis is being utilised as a biocontrol tool to reduce the incidence of Aedes aegypti-transmitted viral diseases like dengue. However, the precise mechanisms underpinning Wolbachia’s antiviral activity are not well defined. Here we generated a panel of Ae. aegypti-derived cell lines infected with antiviral strains wMel and wAlbB or the non-antiviral strain wPip to understand host cell morphological changes specifically induced by antiviral strains. Antiviral strains were frequently found to be entirely wrapped by the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, while wPip bacteria clustered separately in the host cell cytoplasm. ER-derived lipid droplets (LDs) increased in volume in wMel-and wAlbB-infected cell lines and mosquito tissues compared to cells infected with wPip or Wolbachia-free controls. Inhibition of fatty acid synthase (required for triacylglycerol biosynthesis) reduced LD formation and significantly restored ER-associated dengue virus replication in cells occupied by wMel. Together, this suggests that antiviral Wolbachia strains may specifically alter the lipid composition of the ER to preclude the establishment of DENV replication complexes. Defining Wolbachia’s antiviral mechanisms will support the application and longevity of this effective biocontrol tool that is already being used at scale. Importance Aedes aegypti transmits a range of important human pathogenic viruses like dengue. However, infection of Ae. aegypti with the insect endosymbiotic bacterium, Wolbachia, reduces the risk of mosquito to human viral transmission. Wolbachia is being utilized at field sites across more than 13 countries to reduce the incidence of viruses like dengue, but it is not well understood how Wolbachia induces its antiviral effects. To examine this at the subcellular level, we compared how different strains of Wolbachia with varying antiviral strengths, associate with and modify host cell structures. Strongly antiviral strains were found to specifically associate with the host endoplasmic reticulum and induce striking impacts on host cell lipid distribution. Inhibiting Wolbachia-induced lipid redistribution partially restored dengue virus replication demonstrating this is a contributing role for Wolbachia’s antiviral activity. These findings provide new insights into how antiviral Wolbachia strains associate with and modify Ae. aegypti host cells.
Cross­Platform Reactions to the Post­January 6 Deplatforming

We study changes in social media usage following the ‘Great Deplatforming’ in the aftermath of the 6 January 2021 attack on the US Capitol. Following the attack, several major platforms banned thousands of accounts, ostensibly to limit misinformation about voter fraud and suppress calls for violence. At the same time, alternative platforms like Gab, BitChute, and Parler welcomed these deplatformed individuals. We identify three key patterns: First, in studying the platforms that emerged among users seeking alternative spaces, we see high frequencies of users bridging these communities announcing their intent to join non-mainstream platforms to their audiences on mainstream platforms. Second, focusing on platforms that were created to be alternative, anti-censorship spaces, deplatforming preceded a sustained increase in engagement with Gab across Twitter, Reddit, and Google search, while Parler saw a steep decline in engagement. Third, examining the language in these spaces, toxic discourse increased briefly on Reddit and Twitter but returned to normal after the de-platforming, while Gab became more toxic. These results suggest that while deplatforming may precede a reduction in targeted discussions within a specific platform, it can incentivize users to seek alternative platforms where these discussions are less regulated and often more extreme.
Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Children's Intelligence (IQ): In a UK-Representative Sample SES Moderates the Environmental, Not Genetic, Effect on IQ

Background The environment can moderate the effect of genes - a phenomenon called gene-environment (GxE) interaction. Several studies have found that socioeconomic status (SES) modifies the heritability of children's intelligence. Among low-SES families, genetic factors have been reported to explain less of the variance in intelligence; the reverse is found for high-SES families. The evidence however is inconsistent. Other studies have reported an effect in the opposite direction (higher heritability in lower SES), or no moderation of the genetic effect on intelligence. Methods Using 8716 twin pairs from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS), we attempted to replicate the reported moderating effect of SES on children's intelligence at ages 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 12 and 14: i.e., lower heritability in lower-SES families. We used a twin model that allowed for a main effect of SES on intelligence, as well as a moderating effect of SES on the genetic and environmental components of intelligence. Results We found greater variance in intelligence in low-SES families, but minimal evidence of GxE interaction across the eight ages. A power calculation indicated that a sample size of about 5000 twin pairs is required to detect moderation of the genetic component of intelligence as small as 0.25, with about 80% power - a difference of 11% to 53% in heritability, in low- (−2 standard deviations, SD) and high-SES (+2 SD) families. With samples at each age of about this size, the present study found no moderation of the genetic effect on intelligence. However, we found the greater variance in low-SES families is due to moderation of the environmental effect – an environment-environment interaction. Conclusions In a UK-representative sample, the genetic effect on intelligence is similar in low- and high-SES families. Children's shared experiences appear to explain the greater variation in intelligence in lower SES.
The Riccati and Ermakov-Pinney hierarchies

Abstract The concept and use of recursion operators is well-established in the study of evolution, in particular nonlinear, equations. We demonstrate the application of the idea of recursion operators to ordinary differential equations. For the purposes of our demonstration we use two equations, one chosen from the class of linearisable hierarchies of evolution equations studied by Euler et al (Stud Appl Math 111 (2003) 315–337) and the other from the class of integrable but nonlinearisible equations studied by Petersson et al (Stud Appl Math 112 (2004) 201–225). We construct the hierarchies for each equation. The symmetry properties of the first hierarchy are considered in some detail. For both hierarchies we apply the singularity analysis. For both we observe intersting behaviour of the resonances for the different possible leading order behaviours. In particular we note the proliferation of subsidiary solutions as one ascends the hierarchy.
Growth dynamics of braided gravel-bed river deltas in New Zealand

of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Growth dynamics of braided gravel-bed river deltas in New Zealand by Michelle Anne Wild This research has been undertaken to further our knowledge of decade-to-century timescale braided, gravel-bed river delta growth dynamics. The study included: a review of available literature; field studies; the development of microscale models for two study deltas; and the development of a simple numerical model incorporating movement of braided river channels across a delta topset (varying the location of sediment delivery to the delta). Results from the microscale modelling showed that successful physical modelling requires welldefined fixed boundaries and, ideally, good historical aerial photography for the estimation of the model time scale. A complex braided gravel-bed river delta system composed of two merging deltas entering a deep, low-energy receiving basins was able to be successfully modelled to provide valuable information on delta growth dynamics. However, a microscale model of a delta prograding into shallow receiving basins, with a large supply of fine sediment, was more difficult to calibrate and assess (partly due to limited field data), and was considered less reliable. The simple rule-based numerical model ‘DELGROW’, developed to simulate a braided river system entering a deep, low-energy body of water, requires a known sediment supply rate, as well as information on the braided river topography, submerged delta foreset, and lakebed bathymetry. Unlike simple 1-d width-averaged geometric models, DELGROW takes into consideration barriers (e.g. islands) as well as relatively complex converging braided river delta configurations. By changing the sediment supply, or modifying the river system, the response of the river system to various scenarios can also be assessed. Microscale models and DELGROW appear to realistically simulate decade-to-century timescale growth of braided gravel-bed river deltas entering a deep, low-energy, receiving basin. Both of these modelling methods initially use the supplied sediment to try and eliminate any riverbed irregularities (e.g. low areas), before continuing to advance and deposit sediment in a more evenly-distributed manner, whilst taking into consideration irregularities due to barriers, and asymmetric sediment sources such as merging deltas. Neither model can reliably predict locations of bank erosion, or channel avulsions that divert flow and sediment outside of the fixed model boundaries.
Voluntary Investor Disclosure∗

Recent finance theory highlights how an agent with ownership-conferred influence over management can gain an information advantage over other stockholders because only she knows how she plans to influence management. According to voluntary disclosure theory, such a privately informed agent with a positive interest in the stock price will endogenously voluntarily disclose her plans when she believes that stockholders will react positively. Consistent with this endogenous equilibrium, we find that when activist investors voluntarily release information about their intentions to the public, target firms experience positive abnormal returns, improvements in firm fundamentals, and reductions in bid-ask spreads relative to similar targets without voluntary activist disclosures. Disclosing activists also win proxy contests and directorships more frequently than non-disclosers. Such systematic positive outcomes are unlikely to follow disclosures that are not voluntary. We use these results to show how voluntary disclosure theory can illuminate ongoing debates on activism.
A Gradient-Enhanced L1 Approach for the Recovery of Sparse Trigonometric Polynomials

In this paper, we discuss a gradient-enhanced l1 approach for the recovery of sparse Fourier expansions. By gradient-enhanced approaches we mean that the directional derivatives along given vectors are utilized to improve the sparse approximations. We first consider the case where both the function values and the directional derivatives at sampling points are known. We show that, under some mild conditions, the inclusion of the derivatives information can indeed decrease the coherence of measurement matrix, and thus leads to the improved the sparse recovery conditions of the l1 minimization. We also consider the case where either the function values or the directional derivatives are known at the sampling points, in which we present a sufficient condition under which the measurement matrix satisfies RIP, provided that the samples are distributed according to the uniform measure. This result shows that the derivatives information plays a similar role as that of the function values. Several numerical examples are presented to support the theoretical statements. Potential applications to function (Hermite-type) interpolations and uncertainty quantification are also discussed. AMS subject classifications: 65D15, 41A10, 41A63
Sarcopenia as a novel prognostic factor in the patients of primary localized gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Background : Sarcopenia predicts poor prognosis of a variety of gastrointestinal malignancies. However, there is a lack of study on the association between skeletal muscle index (SMI) and the prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The aim of this study is to develop a novel nomogram based on sarcopenia for GIST patients to predict overall survival (OS) Methods : SMI was measured by computed tomography scan of 107 patients who underwent resection for primary localized gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Sarcopenia was defined by cutoff values for SMI as 40.1cm 2 /m 2 and 39.8 cm 2 /m 2 using optimum stratification for males and females respectively. Factors were included in the nomogram were specified by univariate and multiple Cox proportional hazard analysis. Concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves were conducted to measure the discrimination and accuracy of the nomogram. The utility of the nomogram was assessed by the decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Twenty-eight (26.2%) of 107 patients were sarcopenic. Sarcopenia was correlated significantly with BMI, albumin, female sex, resection style, mitotic index, rupture status, survival. Sarcopenia was significantly related to decreased overall survival (p=0.003). The nomogram including sarcopenia status, resection style and mitotic index had an excellent discrimination with C-index 0.794. The calibration curves represented a good accordance between the actual observation and nomogram prediction for overall survival. Decision curve analysis illustrated that the nomogram was helpful in clinic . Conclusions: we developed a nomogram based on sarcopenia to predict overall survival after resection of GISTs which is an effective and favorable prognostication tool.
AdaptiveMix: Robust Feature Representation via Shrinking Feature Space

In this supplementary material, we first provide the implementation details of integrating our AdaptiveMix with image generation methods, as well as that of applying it to various visual recognition tasks such as robust image recognition and OOD detection in Sec A. We then elaborate on additional experimental details, including datasets and additional evaluation criteria for the image generation task in Sec. B. More experimental results on image generation are also presented, showing our Adap-tiveMix effectively improves existing state-of-the-art image generation methods. Besides, we provide additional experimental details of our AdaptiveMix on robust image recognition and Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) tasks in Secs. C, D and E.
REFLECTION OF CRAB SYNDROME ON INNOVATIVE BEHAVIORS: MEDIATOR ROLE OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND AN APPLICATION IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES ENTERPRISES

: This research was conducted for the purpose of detecting the mediator role of perceived organizational support in the innovative behavior effect of the crab syndrome. For this purpose, the study was carried out according to the screening model, one of the quantitative research designs. In the research model created based on social comparison and social change theories, the crab syndrome predictor variable, perceived organizational support mediator variable and innovative behavior outcome variable were considered. The sample of the research consists of 200 participants working in the IT sector. The hypotheses of the research were tested using the structural equation model and bootstrap method. According to the results of the research, it was seen that the crab syndrome negatively predicted innovative behavior and perceived organizational support had a full mediator effect in this relation. The contributions and limitations of the research were discussed, and suggestions for future studies were presented