Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospective memory errors in everyday life: does instruction matter?

ABSTRACT Previous research on prospective memory (PM, the ability to remember executing an intention in the future) suggests that PM errors constitute the majority of all everyday memory errors in younger adults. However, no study so far has investigated this ratio from an ageing perspective, nor examined whether different instructions may influence PM error reporting. In the present study, 64 younger and 64 older adults completed a 5-day diary on PM, memory and cognition errors following different reporting instructions: participants had to either focus on (1) PM errors only, (2) any daily memory errors (prospective or retrospective) or (3) any kind of cognitive error. Error descriptions were coded into subcategories and analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Independently of given instructions, PM was the most frequent everyday error for both age groups. Overall, results confirm age differences for everyday PM (but not for retrospective memory and cognition), suggesting that everyday PM might be spared from age-related decline. From a qualitative point of view, there seem to be differences in the type of missed intentions, which correspond with existent theories of ageing. In conclusion, the present study allowed for a deeper insight into everyday PM functioning in younger and older adults.
A Stable Relationship Between Personality and Academic Performance from Childhood through Adolescence. An original study and replication in hundred-thousand-person samples.

OBJECTIVE Many studies have demonstrated that personality traits predict academic performance for students in high school and college. Much less evidence exists on whether the relationship between personality traits and academic performance changes from childhood to adolescence, and existing studies show very mixed findings. This study tests one hypothesis-that the importance of Agreeableness, Emotional Stability and Conscientiousness for academic performance changes fundamentally during school-against an alternative hypothesis suggesting that the changing relationships found in previous research are largely measurement artifacts. METHOD We used a nationwide sample of 135,389 primary and lower-secondary students from grade 4 to grade 8. We replicated all results in a separate sample of another 127,375 students. RESULTS We found that academic performance was equally strongly related to our measure of Conscientiousness at all these grade levels, and the significance of Agreeableness and Emotional Stability predominantly reflected their connections with Conscientiousness. However, age also appeared to shape the relationship between Emotional Stability and performance. CONCLUSION Amidst the replication crisis in psychology these findings demonstrate a very stable and predictable relationship between personality traits and academic performance, which may have important implications for the education of children already in primary school.
Inflammaging and platelet hyperreactivity: A new therapeutic target?

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Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Late Permian Coals within the Tongzi Coalfield in Guizhou Province , Southwest

The lowermost Late Permian coal seam (C4 Coal) in the Tongzi Coalfield offers an opportunity to investigate the influence of terrigenous detrital materials from the Qianbei Upland on the mineralogical and geochemical patterns of the C4 Coal. The minerals are mainly dominated by pyrite and, to a lesser extent, tobelite, kaolinite, and calcite, along with traces of Al‐oxyhydroxide minerals. The various degrees of marine influence may have resulted in the variation in the amount of Fe‐sulfides (e.g., pyrite) and elements having Fe‐sulfides affinity. Furthermore, the abundant Fe ions involved in the formation of Fe‐sulfides were most likely derived from the claystone on the Qianbei Upland. The tobelite identified in the C4 Coal probably originated from the interaction between pre‐existing kaolinite and NH4+ from NH3 released from the thermally affected organic matter at least shortly after the highly volatile bituminous stage under NH4+‐rich and K+‐poor conditions. The terrigenous detrital materials were derived from two possible sediment‐region sources—the Qianbei Upland and Kangdian Upland—which is different from Late Permian coals in Western Guizhou Province. The claystone on the Qianbei Upland may have served as parent rock, as indicated by the presence of the Al‐oxyhydroxide minerals as well as low SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (0.66 on average) and low quartz content. Meanwhile, the detrital materials from the Kangdian Upland most likely originated from the erosion of the felsic rocks at the uppermost part of the Kangdian Upland, as evidenced by the high Al2O3/TiO2 ratio (36.0 on average) and the strongly negative Eu anomaly (0.61 on average).
Encounters Between Experiences and Measurements: The Role of Local Knowledge in Climate Change Research

Innovative approaches could enhance scientific insights into how climate change affects mountain ecosystems and livelihoods and enrich climate action. Using an inter- and transdisciplinary approach in a remote tropical dry forest region of the Andes in southern Ecuador, this article combines local knowledge about climate change and adaptation, based on perceptions and experiences, with quantitative climate measurements. Our theoretical framework is based on the concept of vulnerability and sustainable livelihoods perspectives. Methodologically, we draw on the Participatory Rural Appraisal approach. Participatory workshops and qualitative interviews were carried out in the canton of Macara between 2015 and 2017. Local and regional climate data series were analyzed for climate trends and extreme events. Our study improves understanding of the social and physical dimension of climate change. Especially in mountain areas, differing scales of climate data must be considered to capture local climate conditions and changes. Thus, local knowledge could make a major contribution to selecting representative climate datasets, estimating local impacts of climate change, and developing adaptation policies.
Relationship Between Service Intensity, Care Coordination, And Child Outcomes

The current study examines the relationship between service utilization and child outcomes, and the role fidelity to the principles of the wraparound care coordination process plays in mediating that relationship. One hundred and twenty-one participants at three separate Children’s Mental Health Services (CMHS)-funded Systems of Care national evaluation sites in three states were administered the Wraparound Fidelity Index (WFI), designed to measure adherence to the principles of wraparound; child outcomes measures, including the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale (CAFAS); and the Multi-Sector Service Contact Questionnaire (MSSC), designed to assess services received. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression and linear mixed models in order to examine the mediational role fidelity plays at two levels, children and wraparound facilitators, and at three different time points, baseline, six-month follow-up, and twelve-month follow-up. No statistically significant relationships were found between wraparound fidelity and child outcomes at six-month follow-up. Also, at six-month follow-up, the level of services the child and family received significantly predicted child outcomes related to externalizing symptoms but not to internalizing symptoms or functional impairment; however, this relationship was not mediated by fidelity to the wraparound process. From baseline to six-month follow-up and twelve-month follow-up, no statistically significant relationships were found between wraparound fidelity and child outcomes across wraparound facilitators. Also, no statistically significant relationships were found between the level of services the child and family received and child outcomes. A mediation model from baseline to six-month follow-up and twelve-month follow-up was not viable due to the null findings. Exploratory analyses were conducted. Implications of these findings and directions for future studies are discussed.
Information and Price Pressure Effects of Unexpected Foreign Fund Flows

We study the impact of foreign fund flows on asset prices using a dataset of Indian equity market returns. Stocks experiencing abnormally high innovations in foreign fund flows face a permanent price increase (an “information” effect), whereas stocks experiencing abnormally low (negative) innovations in foreign fund flows suffer a partly-transient price decline (i.e., both an “information” effect as well as a “price pressure” effect). The information effect is positively related to stock illiquidity and higher during periods of market stress, such as on high VIX days and during the crisis period. The price pressure effect is also positively related to stock illiquidity, but, surprisingly, not higher during periods of market stress.
Recent years have seen increased efforts by economists to integrate psychological concepts and measures of personality into economic models of decision making and to empirically assess the impact of personality on a wide range of behaviors (Caplan

While the importance of personality for understanding differences in labor market outcomes has come to be increasingly appreciated by economic scholars, little research has so far focused on the question whether these measures also explain some of the individual heterogeneity in demand behavior. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey, this study provides evidence for the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and expenditures for food away from home and other leisure activities. Additionally, we assess the relationship between dimensions of personality and individual preferences in predicting expenditure on these categories. Results indicate that aspects of personality predict a nonnegligible part of expenditure behavior, and that these effects are independent of the individual’s preference stock. Our results provide empirical support for approaches that include personality as a constraint into economic models of human behavior. JEL Classification: D12
Efficacy of bromide for intractable epilepsy in childhood.

小児難治性てんかん20例 (部分てんかん10例, 続発全般てんかん10例) にBromideのadd-on therapy (25-150mg/kg) を行い, その治療効果を検討した。 50%以上発作減少6例 (30%), 25-50%減少3例 (15%), -過性改善1例 (5%) であった。 てんかん分類別では部分てんかん, 発作型別では二次性全般化強直間代発作に有用で, ミオクロニ-発作への効果は少なく, 非定型欠神発作への効果は認められなかった。 有効例での平均投与量は80mg/kgで効果発現は投与開始2-6週後であったが, 脳波上での改善はなかった。 副作用出現は5例 (25%) と多いため投与に際しては十分な注意が必要であるが, 血中濃度と薬剤効果および副作用との関係は認められなかった。 難治性てんかんの二次性全般化強直間代発作や強直発作頻発状態に対しBromideは試みる価値があると思われた。
Altered Expression of Enzymes Regulating the Activity of Endothelin-1 in the Lower Segment of the Human Amnion During Labor 1 Running title: Enzymes regulating the activity of ET-1 during labor

The level of endothelin (ET) -1, a uterotonin, increases in amniotic fluid during labor. The known metallopeptidases include endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE), which converts inactive precursor to potent ET-1, and neutral endopeptidase (NEP), which inactivates ET-1. These enzymes are present in fetal membranes and the aims of this study were to establish the protein expression of the enzymes within the amnion of human fetal membranes. They were compared between amnions obtained before and after term labor using a Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The localization of these enzymes was determined using immunohistochemistry. The protein expression of the enzymes and output of bioactive ET-1 in human amnion epithelial cells (HAEC) and mesenchymal cells (HAMC) were investigated with and without proinflammatory cytokines, oxytocin and prostaglandin treatment. The effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid, were also examined. The protein expression of ECE-1 was significantly increased (P < 0.01), while that of NEP was significantly decreased, followed by increased ET-1 (P < 0.01) in the amnion obtained after labor (P < 0.01).
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Diabetic Neuropathy in Asian Indian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular disease, including diabetic neuropathy (DNP). Endothelial-derived nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms affect eNOS activity and are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Studies examining association of eNOS gene polymorphism in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) with DNP and without DNP are lacking in Asian Indians. Thus, we investigated the association and interaction between two potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the eNOS gene (T-786C, G894T) and one repeat polymorphism (27VNTR) with DNP using validated PCR-RFLP assays in 1258 T2DM subjects belonging to two independent cohorts from north Indian Origin and also, we replicated our study in a 3rd independent cohort from south Indian population having T2DM. We also measured serum Nitric Oxide (NO) levels in these subjects and examined its correlation with DNP and eNOS genotypes. We observed that eNOS genotype carrying ‘aa’ genotype of 27VNTR (a/b) and eNOS haplotype C-a-G and C-a-T (allele of T-786C, 27VNTR a/b and G894T) carrying ‘a’ allele of 27VNTR (a/b) were associated with increased risk of DNP, in all the three cohorts. We also observed lower serum NO levels in T2DM subjects (both cases and controls) carrying ba+aa genotypes. Our study suggest that 27VNTR (a/b) eNOS polymorphism carrying ‘a’ allele alone and in association with T-786C and G894T eNOS polymorphism is associated with increased risk of DNP in Asian Indians T2DM patients.
Portfolios to Train Interactions between Patients and Doctors-to-be: Making It Work

Aims: Portfolios are used more and more in medical education, especially in Western countries, and lately, also in the Middle East and Asia. This is the first portfolio to be included in the curriculum of preclinical medical education in Germany. The aim of the study is to present the developed portfolio as well as data on the acceptance and effort by the students, time needs of staff, and on the assessment. Study Design: Cohort study. Original Research Article British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 4(3): 272-308, 2014 273 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, FriedrichAlexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, between October 2011 and July 2012. Methodology: The Erlangen Portfolio was developed to teach doctors-to-be interaction with patients and reflective abilities in the context of curricular education in Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology. An evaluation system was developed; the mandatory portfolio constitutes a substitute for a classical written exam. It is anchored in the time-line of the 2 to the 4 semesters of the medical curriculum at the Friedrich-AlexanderUniversity Erlangen-Nuremberg. N = 136 students were surveyed with written questionnaires in July 2012 after completing their portfolios. Quantitative data were collected, and 161 portfolios of this cohort were analyzed concerning success according to the assessment criteria. Results: The majority of the students had a positive attitude toward the portfolio after completion (72%) and preferred this competence-based assessment over a written exam (86%). On average, it took 23 hours for a student to develop a portfolio. The assessment showed that 15% of the students passed right away and 85% needed to improve their portfolios after the first evaluation. Reflecting on one’s own communication, according to Roger’s dimensions of conversation, required the most improvement. For the majority of the students, the anamnestic interview was the most difficult part of the portfolio. Conclusions: Even though it is time-consuming, data and feedback from students suggest that portfolios are a teaching method for undergraduate medical students that is accepted, assessable, and useful in the field of curricular medical education.
HCAP: A Worldwide Perspective

Health care–associated pneumonia (HCAP) includes a broad spectrum of patients who acquire pneumonia through outpatient contact with the health system. It has been suggested that HCAP merits a distinct therapeutic approach, because its epidemiology, causative organisms, and antibiotic susceptibilities may differ from those of community-acquired pneumonia, characterized by an excess of multidrug-resistant pathogens. HCAP was included in the 2005 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for nosocomial pneumonia, with the recommendation that all such patients receive empiric therapy with a multidrug antibiotic regimen. Over the last few years there has been a controversy over whether HCAP is associated with more frequent drug-resistant pathogens (not in Europe) and whether the higher mortality is due to inappropriate therapy or the poor functional status of the HCAP patients. Further studies have shown that therapy consistent with HCAP treatment guidelines has also not been found to improve mortality. The heterogeneity of the HCAP concept affords patients a different treatment approach based on assessment of individual risk factors for multidrug resistance pathogens, but does not seem to be confirmed on the basis of current evidence from the literature.
Dawn to Dusk: Diurnal Rhythm of the Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)

The daily change of light and dark periods influences different physiological processes including feeding, resting and locomotor activity. Previously, several studies on mammalian models revealed a strong link between day-night rhythms and key immunological parameters. Since teleost fishes possess innate and adaptive immune responses like those observed in higher vertebrates, we aimed to elucidate how changes in light-dark cycles shape the immune system of fish. Using the rainbow trout laboratory model, we investigated the link between diurnal rhythms and immune competence of fish. Initially, the cell composition and phagocytic activity of leukocytes was analyzed in the circulation as well as in the head kidney, the functional ortholog of mammalian bone marrow. Once the baseline was established, we evaluated the ability of fish to respond to a bacterial stimulus, as well as the changes in antimicrobial activity of the serum. Our results suggest increased immune competence during the day, manifested by the higher presence of myeloid cells in the circulation; increased overall phagocytic activity; and higher capacity of the sera to inhibit the growth of Aeromonas salmonicida. Notably, our flow cytometric analysis identified the myeloid cells as the major population influenced by the time of day, whereas IgM+ B cells and thrombocytes did not vary in a significant manner. Interestingly, the presence of myeloid cells in blood and head kidney followed complementary trends. Thus, while we observed the highest number of myeloid cells in the blood during early morning, we witnessed a reverse trend in the head kidney, suggesting a homing of myeloid cells to reservoir niches with the onset of the dark phase. Further, the presence of myeloid cells was mirrored in the expression of the proinflammatory marker tnfa as well as in the number of leukocytes recruited to the peritoneal cavity in the peritonitis model of inflammation. Overall, the data suggest a connection between diurnal rhythms and the immune response of rainbow trout and highlight the relevance of rhythmicity and its influence on experimental work in the field of fish chronoimmunology.
‘It's a Family Responsibility’: Family and Cultural Connection for Aboriginal Children in Kinship Care

Kinship care as a form of protective care in Australia has grown considerably over the past decade. The University of Melbourne Family Links: Kinship Care and Family Contact research project comprised a survey of kinship carers and consultations with key stakeholders. Given the significant over-representation of Indigenous children in kinship care arrangements, the project included a nested study of Indigenous kinship care. Research participants stressed the imperative for Indigenous children to be connected to family, community and culture. However, survey responses indicated that in many cases, family and cultural connections were not being assisted by cultural support planning. Indigenous caseworkers described the complexities of facilitating family contact, highlighting good practice as well as dilemmas and shortcomings in culturally sensitive practice. There was much evidence of the straitened circumstances of Indigenous kinship carers and unmet support needs among carers, both Indigenous and non-Indigenous. Suggestions are made about ways in which children in kinship care might be better supported to maintain their family relationships.
Grain scale parameters in dissipative driven constitutive models

Soil has generally been treated as a continuum from as early as the eighteenth century. Since then the analysis of soil behaviour in practical engineering analyses and development of constitutive models has depended on a continuum assumption. However, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the behaviour of soils and their particulate nature, there is a need to move from continuum mechanics to discrete models. Such modelling is possible using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). In this paper an open source DEM particle simulation software, LIGGGHTS is used to study the relationships between grain scale parameters and energy dissipation in granular media in one-dimensional compression. The influence of particle size distribution, void ratio, and inter-particle friction coefficient on energy dissipation are studied and discussed. In order to measure the dissipated energy, changes in energy terms are traced at every time step and the principle of energy conservation applied. It is hoped that the knowledge gained of the relationship between grain scale parameters and energy dissipation will help in the formulation of constitutive relationships within the hyperplasticity framework. It is envisioned that relating grain scale parameters to constitutive models will allow the formulation of models that are purely based on the micro-mechanics of granular media.
Design methods for training teachers in conflict management within multi-ethnic and multicultural classes: a proposed psychological framework

Educational systems play a pivotal role to prevent social exclusion and discrimination and to promote equity, mutual understanding and respect. Teachers, in particular, are required to take an active stand in supporting social inclusion, adapting their practices and developing new skills to successfully deal with the increasingly diverse range of learners in their classrooms. Therefore, enhancing teachers’ intercultural skills and competencies represents a key priority in the contemporary challenging educational context. The present study aims at describing the psychological framework underpinning the development of an original e-learning tool created for teachers and educators to self-assess and to improve their intercultural skills and competencies. In particular, the study will describe in detail the Dryden and Constantinou’ Model of Effective Communication and the Rahim’ Model of Conflict Management styles, clarifying their application for the design of a Technologically Enhanced Educational Role-Playing Game (EduTechRPG), namely ACCORD Game, developed to train teachers to deal with interethnic conflicts within realistic school context scenarios.