Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Néron-Tate heights on the Jacobians of high-genus hyperelliptic curves

We use Arakelov intersection theory to study heights on the Jacobians of high-genus hyperelliptic curves. The main results in this thesis are: 1) new algorithms for computing Neron-Tate heights of points on hyperelliptic Jacobians of arbitrary dimension, together with worked examples in genera up to 9 (pre-existing methods are restricted to genus at most 2 or 3). 2) a new definition of a naive height of a point on a hyperelliptic Jacobian of arbitrary dimension, which does not make use of a projective embedding of the Jacobian or a quotient thereof. 3) an explicit bound on the difference between the Neron-Tate height and this new naive height. 4) a new algorithm to compute sets of points of Neron-Tate height up to a given bound on a hyperelliptic Jacobian of arbitrary dimension, again without making use of a projective embedding of the Jacobian or a quotient thereof.
Über die Beziehung der Klassenzahlen der Unterkörper des bizyklischen bizuadratischen Zahlkörpers

Mit Hilfe der Dedekindschen ζ-Funktion erhält man bekanntlich Klassenzahlrelationen gewisser algebraischen Zahlkörper. Ais ein Spezialfall gilt der Satz l.1) Es sei K ein bizyklischer biquadratischer Zahlkörper und seien k0, k1und k2die drei quadratischen Teilkörper von K. Ferner seien h, h0, h1und h2die Klassenzahlen von K, k0, k1bzw. k3. Dann besteht die Relation Hier ist Q der Index der Grupps der Einheiten , welche von der Einheiten von ki (i = 0, 1, 2) erzeugt wird, in der vollen Gruppe der Einheiten E von K: d.h.
Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) as a New Biomarker in the Ophthalmology Field: A Brief Literature Review

This study aimed to review the potential role of ischemia-modified albumin as a biomarker for diagnostic modalities in the ophthalmology field. Articles were reviewed without a specific date. A manual search was also performed by reviewing reference lists of meta-analyses and systematic reviews. All articles were reviewed, and a total of 18 articles were selected by the authors. Oxidative stress increases structural and functional damage to proteins in many ocular diseases. The human serum albumin is a major circulating protein with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Oxidative stress has been shown to be an important part of etiology and pathogenesis in ocular diseases related to ischemia. Biomarkers that are specific to oxidative stress and ischemia-related ocular pathogenesis are needed to provide an extensive understanding regarding diagnosis, monitoring progression, and new potential target treatment. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) as a new promising biomarker might be useful in the early detection and treatment of ocular diseases with ischemic pathogenesis. IMA plays an important role in the progression of ophthalmology diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, cataract progression, seasonal allergies, and glaucoma. Further studies are needed to elaborate these results as a consideration in new testing modalities in clinical practice as well as a new target therapy research.
Path Integrals in Quantum Mechanics, Statistics, Polymer Physics, and Financial Markets

Fundamentals Path Integrals - Elementary Properties and Simple Solutions External Sources, Correlations, and Perturbation Theory Semiclassical Time Evolution Amplitude Variational Perturbation Theory Path Integrals with Topological Constrainsts Many Particle Orbits - Statistics and Second Quantization Path Integrals in Spherical Coordinates Fixed-Energy Amplitude and Wave Functions Spaces with Curvature and Torsion Schrodinger Equation in General Metric-Affine Spaces New Path Integral Formula for Singular Potentials Path Integral of Coulomb System Solution of Further Path Integrals by the Duru-Kleinert Method Path Integrals in Polymer Physics Polymers and Particle Orbits in Multiply Connected Spaces Tunneling Nonequilibrium Quantum Statistics Relativistic Particle Orbits Path Integrals and Financial Markets.
Probabilistic spatiotemporal seasonal sea ice presence forecasting using sequence-to-sequence learning and ERA5 data in the Hudson Bay region

Abstract. Accurate and timely forecasts of sea ice conditions are crucial for safe shipping operations in the Canadian Arctic and other ice-infested waters. Given the recent declining trend of Arctic sea ice extent in past decades, seasonal forecasts are often desired. In this study machine learning (ML) approaches are deployed to provide accurate seasonal forecasts based on ERA5 data as input. This study, unlike previous ML approaches in the sea ice forecasting domain, provides daily spatial maps of sea ice presence probability in the study domain for lead times up to 90 d using a novel spatiotemporal forecasting method based on sequence-to-sequence learning. The predictions are further used to predict freeze-up/breakup dates and show their capability to capture these events within a 7 d period at specific locations of interest to shipping operators and communities. The model is demonstrated in hindcasting mode to allow for evaluation of forecasted predication. However, the design allows for the approach to be used as a forecasting tool. The proposed method is capable of predicting sea ice presence probabilities with skill during the breakup season in comparison to both Climate Normal and sea ice concentration forecasts from a leading subseasonal-to-seasonal forecasting system.
Changes in the Chemical and Sensory Profile of Coffea canephora var. Conilon Promoted by Carbonic Maceration

Among the different strategies adopted to improve the quality of Coffea canephora, fermentation is considered a promising technology to modulate the organoleptic characteristics of the beverage. Considering the possibility of providing a change in sensory profile through fermentation, this study aims to evaluate the chemical and sensory changes promoted by carbonic maceration in C. canephora whose effect is still unknown. The study was implemented in anaerobic conditions with different fermentation times (24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h) and temperatures (18, 28, and 38 °C). The processed grains were subject to sensory analysis and medium infrared spectroscopy. Significant linear functional relationships were observed between total score and temperature for fermentation times of 24, 72, and 96 h and that the total score increased with fermentation temperature. Although a clear connection with sensory results was not observed, infrared analysis was able to point out important correlations with quality through stretches observed in infrared spectrum regions. Thus, there is feasibility of applying the carbonic maceration technique for grain processing of C. canephora.
Oral Erythritol Reduces Energy Intake during a Subsequent ad libitum Test Meal: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial in Healthy Humans

The impact of oral erythritol on subsequent energy intake is unknown. The aim was to assess the effect of oral erythritol compared to sucrose, sucralose, or tap water on energy intake during a subsequent ad libitum test meal and to examine the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) in response to these substances. In this randomized, crossover trial, 20 healthy volunteers received 50 g erythritol, 33.5 g sucrose, or 0.0558 g sucralose dissolved in tap water, or tap water as an oral preload in four different sessions. Fifteen minutes later, a test meal was served and energy intake was assessed. At set time points, blood samples were collected to quantify CCK concentrations. The energy intake (ad libitum test meal) was significantly lower after erythritol compared to sucrose, sucralose, or tap water (p < 0.05). Before the start of the ad libitum test meal, erythritol led to a significant increase in CCK compared to sucrose, sucralose, or tap water (p < 0.001). Oral erythritol given alone induced the release of CCK before the start of the ad libitum test meal and reduced subsequent energy intake compared to sucrose, sucralose, or tap water. These properties make erythritol a useful sugar alternative.
International capacity building to achieve SDG6: insights from longitudinal analysis of five water operator partnerships

ABSTRACT In pursuit of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, water operator partnerships (WOPs) have grown in popularity. However, the literature supporting their effectiveness is lacking. We conducted mid-term interviews and surveys with five participating utilities in a Viet Nam–Australia WOP, followed by post-programme interviews with two managing associations and 10 utilities. We found that while partnerships initially focused on technical training, the need for broader institutional learning emerged as participants gained experience. Communication and relationship-building were consistently reported as success factors for achieving desired outcomes. Expanding the scope to involve governance and policy organizations, together with funding to collaboratively implement upgrades, could enhance future programmes.
On the limit behavior of metrics in the continuity method for the Kähler–Einstein problem on a toric Fano manifold

Abstract This work is a continuation of the author’s previous paper [Greatest lower bounds on the Ricci curvature of toric Fano manifolds, Adv. Math. 226 (2011), 4921–4932]. On any toric Fano manifold, we discuss the behavior of the limit metric of a sequence of metrics which are solutions to a continuity family of complex Monge–Ampère equations in the Kähler–Einstein problem. We show that the limit metric satisfies a singular complex Monge–Ampère equation. This gives a conic-type singularity for the limit metric. Information on conic-type singularities can be read off from the geometry of the moment polytope.
Effects of HIV Infection on Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women Attending Antenatal Care in Referral Hospitals of the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has remained to be a significant public health problem worldwide mainly affecting women. Despite a 2 to 3 times higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, around 2 million HIV positive women give birth each year globally. However, there is a dearth of evidences in Ethiopia about the effect of maternal HIV infection on pregnancy outcomes where adverse birth outcomes are still a significant health problem. This study is, therefore, aimed to examine the effect of HIV on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among 704 pregnant women (352 women with HIV and 352 women without HIV infection). Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data on socio-demographic, obstetric, clinical, as well as behavioral and psychosocial characteristics were collected using a validated tool. Data on the outcome variables were also collected following delivery. Modified Poisson regression was employed to estimate the relative risk (RR) of HIV on low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, and still birth at 95% confidence level. Attributable fraction (AF) was used to report the impact of HIV infection on pregnancy outcomes. Results Of the total 704 pregnant women enrolled for the study, 96.3% (678) completed the study. The mean age of the study participants was 30.8 (SD ± 5.4) for HIV positive and 27 (SD ± 5.4) for HIV negative women. The cumulative incidence of low birth weight, preterm birth, and stillbirth were 21.4%, 9.4%, and 4.1%, respectively. The incidence of LBW was 24.7% among HIV positive and 17.8% among HIV negative women. The incidence of preterm birth was 10.7% among HIV positive and 7.9% among HIV negative women. And the incidence of stillbirth was 3.7% and 4.6% among HIV positive and those HIV negative women. New-borns from women with HIV infection had a higher risk of low birth weight and preterm birth than those HIV negative women (Adjusted Relative Risk (ARR) = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.06–2.03) and (ARR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.08–2.79), respectively. The attributable risk of HIV on low birth weight was 32% (Attributable Fraction (AF) = 32%, 95% CI: 23–46%), and 43% (AF = 43%, 95% CI: 23–46%) for preterm birth. Conclusion Maternal HIV infection increased the risk of low birth weight and preterm birth. This implies due attention is required while providing maternal health services primarily antenatal care and delivery services. These services should be aimed at reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes with more attention given to women with HIV infection. Moreover, reinforcement of HIV prevention intervention strategies should be considered at all levels.
Comparison on Protein Bioaccessibility of Soymilk Gels Induced by Glucono-δ-Lactone and Lactic Acid Bacteria

In this study, the protein bioaccessibility of soymilk gels produced by the addition of glu-cono-δ-lactone (GDL) and fermentation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was examined using an in vitro gastrointestinal simulated digestion model. The in vitro protein digestibility, soluble protein content, free amino acids contents, degree of hydrolysis, electrophoretic patterns, and peptide content were measured. The results suggested that acid-induced soymilk gel generated by GDL (SG) showed considerably reduced in vitro protein digestibility of 75.33 ± 1.00% compared to the soymilk gel induced by LAB (SL) of 80.57 ± 1.53% (p < 0.05). During the gastric digestion stage, dramatically higher (p < 0.05) soluble protein contents were observed in the SG (4.79–5.05 mg/mL) than that of SL (4.31–4.35 mg/mL). However, during the later intestinal digestion phase, the results were the opposite. At the end of the gastrointestinal digestion phase, the content of small peptides was not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the SL (2.15 ± 0.03 mg/mL) and SG (2.17 ± 0.01 mg/mL), but SL showed higher content of free amino acids (20.637 g/L) than that of SG (19.851 g/L). In general, soymilk gel induced by LAB had a higher protein bioaccessibility than the soymilk gel coagulated by GDL.
Comprehensive Genome and Plasmidome Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent of Tokyo

To characterize environmental antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in urban areas, extended-spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL)/carbapenemase-producing bacteria (EPB/CPB, respectively) from urban wastewater treatment plant effluents in Tokyo were isolated on CHROMagar ESBL plate. Complete genome sequence analysis, including plasmids, indicated that 126 CTX-M-positive isolates (31%) were identified among the 404 obtained isolates. The CTX-M-9 group was predominant (n = 65, 52%), followed by the CTX-M-1 group (n = 44, 35%). Comparative genome analysis revealed that CTX-M-27-positive E. coli O16:H5-ST131-fimH41 exhibited a stable genome structure and clonal-global dissemination. Plasmidome network analysis revealed that 304 complete plasmid sequences among 85 isolates were grouped into 14 incompatibility (Inc) network communities (Co1 to Co14). Co10 consisted of primarily IncFIA/IncFIB plasmids harboring blaCTX-M in E. coli, whereas Co12 consisted primarily of IncFIA(HI1)/Inc FIB(K) plasmids harboring blaCTX-M, blaKPC, and blaGES in Klebsiella spp. Co11 was markedly located around Co10 and Co12. Co11 exhibited blaCTX-M, blaKPC, and blaNDM, and was mainly detected in E. coli and Klebsiella spp. from human and animal sources, suggesting a mutual role of Co11 in horizontal gene transfer between E. coli and Klebsiella spp. This comprehensive resistome analysis uncovers the mode of relational transfer among bacterial species, highlighting the potential source of AMR burden on public health in urban communities.
Investigation of Ion and Electron Kinetic Phenomena in Capacitively Coupled Radio-Frequency Plasma Sheaths: A Simulation Study

Stochastic heating is an important phenomenon in low-pressure radio-frequency (RF) capacitive discharges. Recent theoretical work on this problem using several different approaches has produced results that are broadly in agreement in-so-far as scaling with the discharge parameters is concerned, but there remains some disagreement in detail concerning the absolute size of the effect. Here we report a simulation study for single and dual frequency capacitive discharges with two main aims. In the case of single frequency discharge, this work investigates the dependence of stochastic heating on various discharge parameters by scaling of these parameters with the help of particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. This research work produces a relatively extensive set of simulation data that may be used to validate theories over a wide range of parameters. The analytical models are satisfactory for intermediate current density amplitude ˜ J0 (or control parameter H) and in agreement with PIC results. However in extreme cases new physical effects appear (like field reversal, electron trapping, reflection of ions etc.) and the simulation results deviate from existing analytical models. The dependence of stochastic heating on applied frequency is also investigated. The second aim is to study any evidence of wave emission with a frequency near the electron plasma frequency at the sheath edge. This is the result of a progressive breakdown of quasi-neutrality close to the electron sheath edge. These waves are damped during their propagation from the sheath towards the bulk plasma. The damping occurs because of the Landau damping or some related mechanism. This research work reports that the emission of waves is associated with a field reversal during the expansion phase of the sheath. Trapping of electronsnear to this field reversal region is observed. Calculation shows that these waves are electron plasma waves. In the dual frequency case, this research has produced a relatively extensive set of simulation data and shown that the dual-frequency analytical model is in agreement for wide range of parameters. However, in extreme cases, new phenomena like the presence of strong field reversal and the reflection of ions appear and the simulation results deviate from the analytical model. A further aim is the investigation of the presence of strong wave phenomena during the expanding and collapsing phase of the low frequency sheath. The characteristics of waves in the dual-frequency case is entirely different from the single-frequency case. The presence of electron trapping near to the field reversal regions is also observed at multiple times of an RF period. The frequency of these waves are calculated and to be of the order of the plasma frequency.
Shafarevich Maps and Automorphic Forms

This text studies various geometric properties and algebraic invariants of smooth projective varieties with infinite fundamental groups. This approach allows for much interplay between methods of algebraic geometry, complex analysis, the theory of harmonic maps and topology. Making systematic use of Shafarevich maps, this work isolates those varieties where the fundamental group influences global properties of the canonical class. The book is primarily geared towards researchers and graduate students in algebraic geometry who are interested in the structure and classification theory of algebraic varieties. There are, however, presentations of many other applications involving other topics as well - such as Abelian varieties, theta functions and automorphic forms on bounded domains.
Development of a Standardized Method for Measuring Bioadhesion and Mucoadhesion That Is Applicable to Various Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

Although some methods for measuring bioadhesion/mucoadhesion have been proposed, a standardized method is not yet available. This is expected to hinder systematic comparisons of results across studies. This study aimed to design a single/systematic in vitro method for measuring bioadhesion/mucoadhesion that is applicable to various pharmaceutical dosage forms. To this end, we measured the peak force and work of adhesion of minitablets, pellets, and a bioadhesive emulsion using a texture analyzer. Porcine tissue was used to simulate human stomach/skin conditions. The results of these formulations were then compared to those for formulations without the bioadhesive product. We conducted a case study to assess the stability of a bioadhesive emulsion. The results for the two parameters assessed were contact time = 60 s and contact force = 0.5 N at a detachment speed of 0.1 mm/s. Significant differences were observed between the bioadhesive and control formulations, thus demonstrating the adhesive capacity of the bioadhesive formulations. In this way, a systematic method for assessing the bioadhesive capacity of pharmaceutical dosage forms was developed. The method proposed here may enable comparisons of results across studies, i.e., results obtained using the same and different pharmaceutical formulations (in terms of their bioadhesion/mucoadhesion capacity). This method may also facilitate the selection of potentially suitable formulations and adhesive products (in terms of bioadhesive properties).
Identification of A-colored Stars and Structure in the Halo of the Milky Way from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Commissioning Data

A sample of 4208 objects with magnitude 15 < g* < 22 and colors of main-sequence A stars have been selected from 370 deg2 of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) commissioning observations. The data is from two long, narrow stripes, each with an opening angle of greater than 60°, at Galactic latitudes 36° < |b| < 63° on the celestial equator. Relative photometric calibrations good to 2% and consistent absolute photometry allows this uniform sample to be treated statistically over the large area. An examination of the sample's distribution shows that these stars trace considerable substructure in the halo. Large overdensities of A-colored stars in the north at (l, b, R) = (350°, 50°, 46 kpc) and in the south at (157, -58, 33 kpc) and extending over tens of degrees are present in the halo of the Milky Way. Ivezic et al. have detected the northern structure from a sample of RR Lyrae stars in the SDSS. Using photometry to separate the stars by surface gravity, both structures are shown to contain a sequence of low surface gravity stars consistent with identification as a blue horizontal branch (BHB). Both structures also contain a population of high surface gravity stars 2 mag fainter than the BHB stars, consistent with their identification as blue stragglers (BSs). The majority of the high surface gravity stars in the Galactic halo may be BS stars like these. A population of F stars associated with the A star excess in the southern structure is detected (the F stars in the northern structure at 46 kpc would be too faint for the SDSS to detect). From the numbers of detected BHB stars, lower limits to the implied mass of the structures are 6 × 106 M☉ and 2 × 106 M☉, although one does not yet know the full spatial extent of the structures. The fact that two such large clumps have been detected in a survey of only 1% of the sky indicates that such structures are not uncommon in the halo. Simple spheroidal parameters are fit to a complete sample of the remaining unclumped BHB stars and yield (at r < 40 kpc) a fit to a halo distribution with flattening (c/a = 0.65 ± 0.2) and a density falloff exponent of α = -3.2 ± 0.3.