Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytochemistry, proximate analysis, mineral and vitamin compositions of Psidium guajava linn in methanol root and leaf extracts

Psidium guajava Linn, is a medicinal plant and food crop cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries and used widely as food, and in folk medicine in the treatment and prevention of many diseases around the universe. But, the Pharmacological basis for its various therapeutic applications has not been elucidated. Samples of P. guajava L. Root and leaf extracts were analysed and its Phytochemistry, proximate analysis, vitamins and mineral constituents were revealed. The Phytochemical analysis indicated that P. guajava L. Root and leaf methanol extracts contain Gallic Acid (Root 0.01mg, leaf 0.02mg), malic acid (Root 0.02mg, leaf 0.01mg), Tannin (Root 0.022mg, Leaf 0.01mg), Leukocyanidins (Root 0.01mg, leaf 0.03mg), Sterols (Root 0.011mg, leaf 0.02mg), Flavonoid (Root 0.11mg, leaf 0.32mg), chlorogenic Acid (Root 0.12mg, leaf 0.13mg), Ferulic acid (Root 0.01mg, leaf 0.01mg), Ellagic acid (Root 0.011mg, leaf 0.021mg), Avicularin (Root 0.001mg, leaf 0.003mg), and Limonene (Root 0.001mg, leaf 0.001mg), the proximate analysis revealed the presence of moisture (Root 81%, leaf 83%), Protein (Root 0.62%, leaf 0.58%), Carbohydrate (Root 6.22%, leaf 6.31%), Total Fat (Root 0.55%, leaf 0.61%), Saturate Fat (Root 0.163%, leaf 0.158%), and Ash (Root 0.62%, leaf 0.63%). Psidium guajava also contain these minerals K (Root 301mg, Leaf 300mg), Na (Root 3.42mg, Leaf 3.40mg), Zn (Root 0.36mg, Leaf 0.35mg), Fe (Root 0.62mg, Leaf 0.59mg), Mg (Root 13mg, Leaf 13.8mg), P (Root 28mg, Leaf 30mg), Ca (Root 22mg, Leaf 23mg), and also vitamins including Vit. A (Root 79g, Leaf 78.2g), Vit.B (Root 0.06mg, Leaf 0.05mg), Vit. B 2 (Root 0.08mg, Leaf 0.09mg), Vit B 6 (Root 0.136mg, Leaf 0.140mg), Vit. C (Root 102mg, Leaf 100mg), Vit. E (Root 1.36mg, Leaf 1.39mg), Niacin (Root 1.52mg, Leaf 1.49mg), Folate (Root 16g, Leaf 13g). These Phytochemicals, Proximates, Minerals and Vitamins found in these medicinal plant has justified its scientific rationale behind its folklore medicinal uses.
The Role of Instruments for Screening Cognitive Function and Alzheimer's disease: A Sociological Exploration

This qualitative ethnographic study examines how cognitive screening tools are used in clinical practice in the process of articulating a classification of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An exploration of how these low-technological tools constitute AD is important because of their central role in detecting initial cognitive decline in the ‘ageing population’. The study draws upon fieldwork undertaken across a secondary healthcare memory service and a major teaching hospital in the UK. Focusing on the everyday practices and interactions between clinicians, patients and these technologies, the study shows how these tools were made provisional, and yet emerged as central mediators for producing knowledge about AD. I explore the uncertainties associated with measures of cognitive decline and consider how these were navigated and managed through the making of the tools as provisional devices. I continue by showing how the tools emerged as central mediators for negotiating how classification proceeded in medical practice: producing and reproducing professional hierarchies and identities. I also investigate how uncertainty was mobilised by clinicians to constitute the boundaries of classification; fuelled by the possibility that patients may go on to develop AD. Finally, I demonstrate how the adoption of the tools in the wider policy terrain translated into everyday clinical practice; increased efforts to quantify cognitive decline at earlier stages, produced uncertainty around patient futures. I reflect on how the making of these tools as provisional devices, relied upon and resulted in the portability of these devices and, in turn, constituted AD. Portability highlights the temporal and spatial aspects of classification processes involved in diagnosis/prognosis, as well as patient and professional identities and autonomy. I conclude by considering the implications of these findings for the diagnosis and management of patients with cognitive decline and AD locally in the clinic, and with respect to managing the ‘ageing population’.
Agonist-induced inhibition of the m-current : involvement of the phosphoinositide cycle.

M-type potassium channels are closed by activation of G protein-coupled receptors which couple to phospholipase C activation. I have investigated the proposed role of the hydrolysis and depletion of phosphatidylinositol-4,5bisphosphate (PIP2) in the closure of these channels produced by two different agonists (the muscarinic agonist, oxotremorine-M, and the peptide, bradykinin) in primary mammalian sympathetic neurons. Simultaneous electrophysiological recording of the M-current and imaging of the localization of a fluorescent PIP2binding construct, GFP-PLC-5 PH, has provided a valuable tool for investigation of the involvement of PIP2 levels in M-channel closure. I found that over-expression of the neuronal calcium-sensor protein NCS-1 , which enhances PIP2 synthesis by increasing the activity of the enzyme PI4-kinase, reduced the net decrease in membrane PIP2 following application of bradykinin and, in parallel, reduced the sensitivity of M channels to closure by bradykinin. This reduction in sensitivity was partly reversed by the PI4-kinase inhibitor wortmannin. I also found that over-expression of the next enzyme in the synthetic pathway, PI5-kinase, reduced both the net decrease in membrane PIP2 and the sensitivity of the M channels to both agonists. This (plus other evidence) suggests that membrane PIP2 depletion is a key factor in the regulation of M channels by both of these agonists.
Using Periapical Radiography to Differentiate Periapical Granuloma and Radicular Cysts

Background: The distinction between radicular cysts and apical granulomas is important in treatment decision. Objectives: The current study aimed to differentiate these two lesions based on radiography images. Patients and Methods: The material consisted of 138 radiographs obtained using Kodak E -speed, in patients aged 29 to 47, divided into two groups: 109 granulomas and 29 radicular cysts. Size of radiography images was measured; the tooth then was extracted and examined in pathologist lab. The results were analyzed by SPSS.15 and ROC curve was created to find cut-off point to differentiate periapical granuloma and radicular cysts. Results: Average size of radiography in periapical granuloma was 7.4 mm and for a radicular cyst was 11.1 mm. Cut-off point was 8.2 mm and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.63. Also, the tests were 83% sensitive and 79% specific. Conclusions: Based on 8.2 mm cut-off point could differentiate 83% periapical granulomas and 79% radicular cysts from radiogra-
Rapid Response in Migraine Patients Treated with Breath Powered Intranasal Delivery of Sumatriptan Powder (AVP-825): Efficacy Analysis by Prior Triptan History from the Phase 3 TARGET Study (P6.102)

Objective: To assess the efficacy of AVP-825 vs placebo based on prior triptan use in patients from the TARGET trial (NCT01462812). Background: Observational studies consistently show low persistence with triptan therapy and many patients seek further treatment after trying multiple triptans. The clinical impact of migraine drugs should be evaluated in this patient subgroup. AVP-825 is an investigational intranasal delivery system containing low-dose (22mg) sumatriptan powder delivered using Breath-Powered™ Bi-Directional™ technology. Methods: A Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study was conducted in patients with 1-8 migraines/month. Each patient treated one migraine (moderate/severe intensity) with AVP-825 or identical placebo delivery system. The proportion with pain relief and pain freedom at timepoints from 10-120 minutes post-dose was calculated in patient subgroups with a history of ≥2/≤1 triptans or by prior sumatriptan use, and analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression models. Results: Patients previously using ≥2 triptans had significantly greater pain relief rates with AVP-825 (n=34) vs placebo (n=40) from 30 minutes (47.1[percnt] vs 23.1[percnt], P<.05) through 120 minutes (61.8[percnt] vs 35.0[percnt], P<.05). AVP-825 conferred superior pain freedom rates from 45 minutes (23.5[percnt] vs 5.1[percnt], P<.05) through 120 minutes (32.4[percnt] vs 7.5[percnt], P<.01). Pain relief rates in AVP-825 patients who had previously used ≥2 triptans were generally consistent with those for ≤1 triptan. In patients previously using sumatriptan, AVP-825 (n=49) was superior to placebo (n=42) for rates of pain relief from 30 minutes (51.0[percnt] vs 22.0[percnt], P<.01) through 120 minutes (77.6[percnt] vs 38.1[percnt], P<.001), and pain freedom from 45 minutes (22.5[percnt] vs 4.9[percnt], P<.05) through 120 minutes (36.7[percnt] vs 4.8[percnt], P<.001). Conclusions: AVP-825 (intranasal delivery of low-dose sumatriptan powder) produced rapid relief and superior efficacy versus placebo that was consistent and not influenced by prior triptan use. Supported by Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Disclosure: Dr. Winner has received personal compensation for activities with Teva, Allergan, Merk, and Impax. Dr. Wallick has received personal compensation for activities with Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc., as an employee. Dr. Shulman has received personal compensation for activities with Avanir. Dr. Yedigarova has received personal compensation for activities with Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc., as an employee. Dr. Yonan has received personal compensation for activities with Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc as an employee.
The isolation and characterization of lignin of kenaf fiber

In this article, milled wood lignin (MWL) was isolated and purified from retted kenaf fiber, the lignin obtained was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The C9 formula is calculated for kenaf fiber MWL as C9H9.32O3. 69(OCH3)1.30. The spectra of FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR show the kenaf fiber lignin to be of the G/S type with high proportion of syringyl (S) unit. The numbers of phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups in the kenaf fiber MWL are estimated to be 0.14 and 1.31, respectively, per C9 unit. The OHaliph is 90.3% in total numbers of hydroxyl groups of kenaf fiber MWL, and the OHph is 9.7%. It is evident that the β-O-4 structures are mainly linkage in the MWL of kenaf fiber, which contain more erythro stereochemistry type in β-O-4 units than thero stereochemistry type. In general, the characteristics of lignin of kenaf fiber are similar to that of hardwood. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasites Among Pre-School Children, Gaza, Palestine

Aims: The present study is aimed to asses the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites among pre-school children in Gaza. Methods: In this study 679 stool specimens were collected from pre-school children aged <10 months to 60 months attending Ard El-Insan Association (Community primary health care center) in Gaza city. Stool specimens were inspected by a direct smear microscopy and sedimentation techniques. Results: The present study found that 16.6% of the studied children were infected with intestinal parasites. Infection with Giardia lamblia showed the highest prevalence (10.3%) among other parasites detected. Intestinal parasite prevalence was higher among male children than females. All age groups were susceptible for parasitic infection and no clear trend due to age. Conclusions: Intestinal parasites was found also among pre-school children in Gaza and those group of children need more medical attention to avoid them the intestinal parasites consequences. Key words : Pre-school children, gastrointestinal parasites, Prevalence, Gaza
Perception and knowledge of black Africans on physical activity and non-communicable diseases

46 BACKGROUND 47 METHODS 48 MEASUREMENTS 48 STATISTICAL ANALYSES 51 RESULTS 51 DISCUSSION 58 LIMITATIONS 59 CONCLUSIONS 60 RECOMMENDATIONS 60 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 60 COMPETING INTERESTS 60 AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS 60 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 60 REFERENCES 61 CHAPTER 4: ARTICLE 2 Perceptions and knowledge of noncommunicable diseases and physical activity of black Africans 65 ABSTRACT 66 INTRODUCTION 6766 INTRODUCTION 67
Laparoscopic Appendectomy Enables Military Personnel Return To Work Early

Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) involves some advantages such as less pain, short hospital stay and satisfactory exploration of the abdominal space since it was the first time described by Dr. Seem (1983) as an advanced laparoscopic procedure (1). LA appeared as the alternative approach against OA considering the return to routine life early (2,3,4). No consensus is accepted on a laparoscopic procedure for appendectomy was available in routine use (5,6,7). However some recent studies reported about new advantages against OA like a reasonable operation time and no need long learning curve (8,9). The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes and morbidities of between LA and OA in patients with acute appendicitis.
EFFECT OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITY OF BOVINE MILK Efecto de la mastitis subclínica sobre la calidad físico-química de la leche bovina

The bovine mastitis can be classified into clinical and subclinical, according to presence or absence of clinical signs. In both cases there is an increase of somatic cells (SC) being higher for clinical mastitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of subclinical mastitis on physical and chemical milk components in dual purpose systems (DP). Using a nonprobabilistic sampling in six DP livestock enterprises in Monteria, Cordoba (Colombia), a cross-sectional study was implemented. By California mastitis test (CMT) were selected quarters evaluated as CMT 3 to take samples, and quarters evaluated as CMT 0, in the same cow, for control. The samples were collected aseptically and were kept refrigerated until processing. The physicochemical analysis was determined by Biolac 60 equipment. The determination of casein was done by spectrophotometry, and SC count by an optical and portable cell counter. The evaluation of the physicochemical variables and SC count were grouped into four phases (0-2 months, 2-4 months, 4-6 months and more of 6 months of lactation). Milk with cell count less than 250,000 was defined as without subclinical mastitis and with subclinical mastitis when cell count was greater than or equal to 250,000 SC/mL. The averages for total protein for milk with high and low SC counts were 2.93 ± 0.13 and 3.12 ± 0.13, respectively. For fat percentage, averages were 3.36 ± 0.29 for high count milks SC
Evaluation of Food Effects on the Oral Pharmacokinetics of Rosuvastatin

Rosuvastatin is commonly prescribed for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and exerts its effect through targeted accumulation in the liver. Current United States and Canadian dosing guidelines indicate no preference for fed or fasted rosuvastatin administration. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that concomitant administration with food substantially reduced mean plasma rosuvastatin exposure in healthy Canadian East Asian and Caucasian subjects. In mice lower plasma level was also noted with food 2 hours after an oral rosuvastatin dose, while liver concentration was unaffected. Moreover, through retrospective analysis of rosuvastatin patient data, we conclude that taking an oral dose with food as opposed to on an empty stomach, does not significantly affect the cholesterol-lowering capacity of rosuvastatin. Since a common adverse event noted with statin therapy is muscle pain/damage associated with high circulating statin levels, our findings have the potential to serve as a novel and simple strategy for mitigating statin myopathy risk.
Routine Internal Sphincterotomy with Hemorrhoidectomy: A Prospective Study

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare open hemorrhoidectomy with/without internal sphincterotomy with regard to post-operative pain, post-operative complications and wound healing. Materials and Methods: Patients admitted to JSS Hospital with second-degree hemorrhoids refractory to medical. A total of 100 patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A Control Group (50 patients): Patients undergoing open hemorrhoidectomy. Group B Study group (50 patients): Patients undergoing open hemorrhoidectomy with internal sphincterotomy. Results: On post-operative day-1 (POD-1), the group which underwent sphincterotomy had lesser complications with regard to pain (P < 0.0001), bleeding (P = 0.1), constipation (P = 0.02), urinary retention (P = 0.02). On POD-2, pain (P < 0.001), bleeding (P = 0.05), and constipation (0.2) were signifi cantly lesser in with sphincterotomy group. At 2 weeks post-operative follow-up, the rate of complete wound healing was 100% in with sphincterotomy group, whereas in without sphincterotomy group it was 84%. The fi ndings are statistically signifi cant as indicated by the P value. Conclusion: Addition of internal sphincterotomy to open hemorrhoidectomy is an eff ective method to reduce post open hemorrhoidectomy pain, complications as well as reduce the duration of complete wound healing without any signifi cant morbidity.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C in patients on hemodialysis and their antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination

Introduction: Hepatitis B and C viral (HBV and HCV) infections are the most common infections acquired by hemodialysis (HD) patients. The prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in dialysis patients in India is 3.4-43% and 20-80%, respectively. This study was carried out to find out the current prevalence rate of HBV and HCV infections in HD patients in Puducherry. Materials and Methods: Serum samples from 65 patients with chronic kidney disease, who were admitted to a tertiary care hospital for HD, were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV antibodies. The samples were collected on the first visit to the center before starting the dialysis and thereafter periodically. The serological results were correlated with gender, age, and duration of disease. An attempt was made to correlate the evidence of viral infection with clinical evidence of hepatitis, liver profile, and history of any transfusions in the past 3 years. Results: Among the 65 patients, 14 individuals were found be infected with hepatitis, HBV (5), and HCV (10) accounting for 22%. A single individual was coinfected with both the virus. There was a male preponderance accounting for 77% of patients on dialysis. Hepatitis B vaccination was given to all HBsAg negative patients (77%). Two of the vaccinated individuals were infected with HCV. Conclusions: Further studies are required to determine risk factors and factors that determine why some escape infection for prolonged periods. Hepatitis B vaccination should be mandatory for individuals undergoing HD.
A STUDY TO ANALYSE THE EFFICACY OF MODIFIED PILATES BASED EXERCISES AND THERAPEUTIC EXERCISES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC NON SPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRAIL

Background: Chronic low back pain is an expensive and difficult condition to treat. Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal symptoms seen in 85 % of individuals in their life time. One of the interventions widely used by physiotherapists in the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) is exercise therapy based upon the Pilates principles. Objective: The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of Modified Pilates based exercises for patients with Chronic Non Specific Low Back Pain. Design: A randomized controlled trial, pre test-post test design Setting: The study was conducted in Out Patient Department of physiotherapy, K.G Hospital, Coimbatore, India. Patients: Fifty– two physically active subjects between 18 – 60 years old with Chronic Non specific Low Specific Pain of more than 12 weeks’ duration were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Interventions: Group A subjects underwent a Modified specific Pilates based exercises with Flexibility Exercises & Group B Subjects underwent a Therapeutic Exercises with Flexibility Exercises were conducted over of 8 weeks. Measurements: Back specific Functional Status outcome were measured with the Oswestry Disability Index and pain intensity were measured with Visual analogue scale. Conclusion: The study concluded that the Modified specific Pilates based exercises helps in reducing the pain, improve the back specific function, improve general health, personal Care, Social Life and flexibility in individuals with non specific chronic low back pain than the therapeutic exercise group.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF RESULTS AFTER LOCAL ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY WITH GENTAMYCIN IN FORM OF BEADS AND FLEECE

For local antibiotic therapy gentamycin is in clinical use since many years, originally in the form of PMMA beads, later also in the form of resorbable collagen fleece. A prospective study comparing the efficacy of both application forms so far is missing. In a prospective study 108 patients with chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis were treated by a standardised operative debridement protocol. The debrided cavities were filled with 54 patients (group 1) were treated by local antibiotic beads (Septopal) and 54 patients (group 2) by local resorbable antibiotic fleece (Sulmycin). Both groups were comparable concerning age, location, duration of operation, type of osteomyelitis and predisposing factors. The mean follow-up was 6.1 years (range 3.8 – 9.3). Evaluation was done for the re-operation rate, CRP and ESR, white blood cells and local wound healing criteria. Twenty-six patients (44 per cent) underwent one or more revision operations because of persistent infection. In group I 67 per cent and in group II 20 per cent (p = 0.0001). No difference was noted for CRP (p = 0.46), ESR (p = 0.09), white blood cells (p = 0.24) and local wound healing criteria (p =0.34). After local gentamycin fleece application the early re-operation rate is significantly lower compared to gentamycin beads. After a treatment period of 3 month this difference disappears.
Using a Calendar and Explanatory Instructions to Aid Within-household Selection in Mail Surveys

Although researchers can easily select probability samples of addresses using the U.S. Postal Service’s Delivery Sequence File, randomly selecting respondents within households for surveys remains challenging. Researchers often place within-household selection instructions, such as the next or last birthday methods, in survey cover letters to select respondents. Studies show that up to 30% of selections are inaccurate and samples tend not to represent key demographics. This article tests two design elements—a calendar and explanatory wording of selection instructions in cover letters—to aid and motivate households to carry out selection procedures accurately. We empirically examine these elements in two mail surveys of Nebraskans—the 2012 Nebraska Annual Social Indicators Survey and 2013 Nebraska Trees and Forest Survey. We find that neither the calendar nor the explanatory wording adversely affected response rates but that neither improved the representativeness of the completed samples and that the calendar actually reduced selection accuracy.
Comparison of dyslipidemias in controlled & uncontrolled type ii diabetics

There were two groups of 60 patients each, comprising controlled and uncontrolled patients, depending on their HbA1c levels. All the patients had their lipid profiles checked after a overnight fast. All lipid fractions were found to be deranged in both the groups, more so in the patients with uncontrolled diabetes. It was concluded that dyslipidemias are common in diabetics. The abnormal lipid values though improve with good control of diabetes, but do not reach normal state.