Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonographic guidance should be the first option during central vein catheterization.

We read the article with great interest titled “The success rate and safety of internal jugular vein catheterization under ultrasound guidance in infants undergoing congenital heart surgery”. [1] The authors present their institutional experience of internal jugular vein catheterization under ultrasound guidance in 70 infants who underwent congenital heart surgery. Their overall success rate of the procedure was 92.8% and the insertion was successful at the first attempt in 82% of the patients. Complications were seen in 7.14% of the patients and one of them (1.42%) developed pneumothorax and four patients (5.7%) developed hematoma due to repeated attempts.
Assessment of Potential Bias in the National Immunization Survey (NIS) Estimates using Data on Telephone Status from the 2007 NHIS

The Quality and validity of survey estimates depend on coverage of the target population and the magnitude of bias in estimates. According to estimates from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), wireless substitution is rapidly increasing among adults. The prevalence of wireless-only households with children less than 18 years of age has increased from 3.7% in 2003 (January-June) to 19% in 2008 (July-December). Households with wireless-only telephone service accounted for more than 83% of households without landline telephone service. In addition, households with mixed telephone service where members primarily use wireless telephones for most calls (wireless-mostly) may not respond to a survey if called on their landline telephone. In 2007, wireless-mostly and wireless-only households accounted for 13.5% and 20.1% of children aged 1-4 years, and 16.2% and 8.7% of teens aged 13-17 years, respectively. The increasing prevalence of wireless-only and wireless-mostly households may affect the validity of estimates from telephone surveys such as the National Immunization Survey (NIS). The NIS is a large telephone survey of households with children aged 1935 months followed by a mail survey of providers to obtain vaccination records; the NISTeen uses the same methodology for adolescents aged 13-17 years. Data from households with children aged 1-4 years from the 2007 NHIS are used to evaluate potential noncoverage bias and methods to adjust sampling weights for noncoverage using information from wireless-mostly and wireless-only households. Noncoverage bias is evaluated by comparing characteristics of household members and estimates of selected outcome measures associated with vaccination coverage by type of household telephone service. The purpose of this paper is to continue the evaluation of potential noncoverage bias in the NIS survey estimates due to noncoverage of wireless-only and wireless-mostly households, with emphasis on evaluating weighting methods to reduce non-coverage bias.
Gardening as a mental health intervention: a review

Purpose – The number of gardening-based mental health interventions is increasing, yet when the literature was last reviewed in 2003, limited evidence of their effectiveness was identified. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the current evidence-base for gardening-based mental health interventions and projects through examining their reported benefits and the quality of research in this field. Design/methodology/approach – Studies evaluating the benefits of gardening-based interventions for adults experiencing mental health difficulties were identified through an electronic database search. Information on the content and theoretical foundations of the interventions, the identified benefits of the interventions and the study methodology was extracted and synthesised. Findings – Ten papers published since 2003 met the inclusion criteria. All reported positive effects of gardening as a mental health intervention for service users, including reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety. Participants descr.
Challenges and opportunities for promoting physical activity in health care: a qualitative enquiry of stakeholder perspectives

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) programmes promoted via healthcare settings worldwide may not currently meet the needs of many patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs). This paper describes the outcomes of a qualitative enquiry into the perspectives of patients and professionals from multiple healthcare services regarding the role of PA. Materials and Methods 19 patients and 22 HCPs were purposively recruited from physiotherapy, podiatry, chronic pain, diabetes and continence services at a community-based healthcare clinic in the United Kingdom. Participants’ views were explored using semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. Results Results identified five themes: differences between the social and medical rationales underpinning PA promotion; the impact of the patient-professional relationship on patient activation, self-management and PA; a risk culture surrounding PA; challenges to meet variation in patients’ needs and preferences; and lack of formal role for PA as a core part of routine healthcare. Conclusions The study highlights tensions between needs and aspirations, and the reality of delivering advice and support for PA. Challenges resonated with patients and HCPs across different care groups and were not condition-specific. This highlights a need for sharing good practice across healthcare services and system-level interventions to address organisational barriers to the promotion of PA.
Medication Adherence In Patients With Arterial Hypertension: The Relationship With Healthcare Systems ’ Organizational Factors

Purpose: Arterial hypertension is one of the most common diseases in the world, presenting a great impact on global mortality. Despite having good medication, the best control depends on patient ’ s adherence. Our aim is to characterize the relationship of adherence to medication in hypertensive patients with consultation length and other organizational factors of healthcare systems. Patients and methods: We performed a comprehensive review of literature using the MeSH terms “ hypertension ” and “ medication adherence ” . 61 articles were selected for inclusion and adherence parameters were extracted, allowing us to estimate the mean adherence for each country. The adherence was then correlated with organizational aspects of healthcare systems: consultation length, number of health providers (doctors, nurses and pharmacists), number of hospital beds, health expenditure and general government expenditure. Results: Adherence to medication ranged between 11.8% in Indonesia and 85.0% in Australia. There ismuch heterogeneity in methodology,but the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale wasthe preferred method, used in 63.6% of the cases. We found no relation with consultation length, but a signi ﬁ cant one with the greater number of health professionals available. Some differences were observed when considering European countries or Morisky Medication Adherence Scale alone. Conclusion: The better the drugs, the better the control of blood pressure, if patients take them. Rather than investing in the prescription of more drugs, it is important to address nonadherence and reduce it to promote better blood pressure control. Organizational factors are relevant constraints and depend on administrative and political decisions. Although they are not always considered, they greatly impact the adherence to medication.
Effect of a Multi-Modal Preparation Package on knowledge and anxiety among Patients Undergoing cardiac Catheterization.

Cardiac catheterization confirms that the heart is normal and provides reassurance that symptoms are not related to the heart. If problems are identified by the catheterization procedure, the test will help your physician develop a treatment plan. Waiting for the procedure can be a major source of stress and anxiety. These feelings are directly related to the invasive nature of the procedure and to uncertainties related to diagnosis.Aim of the study: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of implementing multi-modal preparation package on knowledge and anxiety among patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for the first time. Material and methods: Â Subjects, the sample comprised from 50 patients.Research design: The present study was utilized A quasi- experimental research design. Setting: This study conducted in Cardiology Unit, Medical department at Tanta University Hospital.Tools: two tools were used for data collection they accomplished after reviewing the recent literature. Tool (I) Structured Interview questionnaires sheet: It was comprise two parts as follows: Part 1: Socio-demographic, clinical data and family history. Part 2: questioners sheet about patient knowledge. Tool (II) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale.Result : The results found that ,there is a significant difference and improving in total knowledge score, anxiety trait score and anxiety state score pre and post intervention P=0.00Conclusions: The preparation package improvespatient's knowledge and reduced anxietyState-Trait before cardiac catheterization so this method is recommended for preparation of patients for cardiac catheterization.
Social Determinants of Health of Child Marriage (Analysis of IFLS 2000, 2007, 2014)

Early marriage is defined as a marriage of women aged <18 years old. The current world prevalence is declining, but when compared with the growth in population, the total number of married children tends to increase. Today, early marriage reaches 41.000 every day, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. This research aims to identify the social determinants of health that encourage early marriage. This research used a quantitative observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. The number of <18 year-old married women were 1.96% (IFLS5), <18 year-old married men were 0.15% (IFLS5). The average age at first birth was 22.96 years old. The economic status of early marriage was mostly in Quintile 1, and the majority of residences were in rural area. The ratio of married women and men aged <18 years old was 11-14: 1. Employment, education, residence and poverty were associated with early marriage and were statistically significant.
IMPROVEMENT OF HARMFUL EFFECTS INDUCED BY TEMPERATURE STRESS ON TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM L. BY PUTRESCINE -

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is an important medicinal plant with great therapeutic effect. It is also a natural antioxidant source, it acts as anticancer, enhances insulin sensitivity and decreases serum cholesterol. The purpose of this study was to detect the effect of high temperature (35Â°C) and low temperature (15Â°C) on growth and some metabolic activities of fenugreek and to ascertain the role of putrescine in ameliorating the harmful effects induced by temperature stresses on fenugreek plant. The results show that both high and low temperature stresses significantly decreased growth, pigment content and total soluble protein. Proline, alkaloids, malondialdehyde and activities of some antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were increased in response to heat stress. This suggests an important role of these compounds as self defense mechanisms of fenugreek plant against heat stress. The results also indicated that soaking fenugreek seeds in 5 mM putrescine for 2 hours before temperature stress enabled the plants to tolerate the injurious effect induced by temperature. The Transmission Electron Micrographs of heat stressed fenugreek leaves (35Â°C) showed some cellular abnormalities in chloroplasts, nucleus and intercellular spaces. Application of putrescine to the temperature stressed plant cells retained these organelles to their normal state.
Trauma history, prenatal posttraumatic stress and depressed mood as predictors of postpartum maternal relationship and sexual well-being

The first year postpartum is often a challenging time for romantic partners. During this time, couples tend to experience less relationship intimacy and sexual satisfaction, which may be further exacerbated by individual stressors and vulnerabilities. Little is known about whether a maternal history of adverse life events and mental health prior to the infant’s birth negatively interfere with postpartum relationship and sexual well-being. Accordingly, the current study examined whether maternal trauma history, prenatal posttraumatic stress, and prenatal depressed mood were risk factors for poor postpartum couple adjustment. It also investigated whether perceiving a partner as motivated to meet one’s interest and disinterest in sexual activity, referred to as sexual communal strength for having sex (SCS for having sex) and sexual communal strength not having sex (SCS for not having sex), were buffers to relationship deterioration among mothers with this history of adversity. One hundred and sixty women (N = 160) who had completed an earlier study during pregnancy participated in a subsequent online survey between six and twelve months postpartum. Using path analysis to investigate the prospective relationships between maternal trauma history, prenatal mental health difficulties, and postpartum relationship and sexual well-being, trauma history was found to significantly predict sexual satisfaction and desire. Specifically, childhood maltreatment predicted poorer sexual wellbeing following childbirth, whereas adult sexual victimization predicted improved sexual wellbeing. No other pathways in the model were significant. Additionally, contrary to predictions, sexual communal strength did not moderate associations between maternal prenatal adversity and postpartum relationship outcomes in the primary analyses. However, follow-up analyses including only mothers who reported some symptoms of PTSD revealed that SCS for having sex moderated the association between these symptoms and relationship satisfaction. Results from
Fetomaternal outcome of nulliparous women undergoing caesarean section in first and second stage of labour: A prospective study in a tertiary care centre of Puducherry

Background: Caesarean section at full cervical dilatation has many implications for maternal and neonatal morbidity as well as in subsequent pregnancy outcomes. However alarming rise in caesarean section has been reported with increase in concern for the rate of second stage caesarean section. Aims of the study: To compare the Fetomaternal outcome in nulliparous women undergoing cesarean section in first and second stage of Labour Material and methods: This is a one year prospective study conducted at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Puducherry. Total number of patients who underwent caesarean delivery in first stage of labour are 400 (Group 1) and in second stage are 130 (Group 2) during the study period. These two groups were then compared in terms of maternal demographics, labour characteristics, maternal outcomes and neon`1qaZ1atal outcomes Results: Caesarean delivery performed in the second stage were associated with increased maternal morbidity such as hemorrhage, uterine angle extension, blood transfusions, prolonged hospital stay, febrile morbidity, urinary system injury. Similarly neonatal morbidity was much higher in patients who underwent caesarean section in second stage of labour. There was increase in neonatal complications such as APGAR less than 7 at 5 minutes, NICU admissions for more than 24 hours, neonatal septicemia (p<0.001) Conclusion: The present study suggests that women undergoing caesarean section in second stage of labour have increased maternal and fetal morbidity and they require special care. Hence appropriate selection of mode of birth should be decided carefully and judiciously to decrease maternal neonatal morbidity.
Women with large bowel adenomas have lower intake of vitamin A in relation to controls

Introduction . Literature data on diet effect on the development of large bowel adenomas and carcinomas are controversial. Study goal. Comparative analysis of diets of patients with large bowel adenomas (study group) and patients without adenomas (control group). Material and method . Study group and control group patients were recruited from the patients undergoing colonoscopy during routine work of Endoscopy Unit. The study group comprised patients with large bowel adenomas. Patients in the control group had no adenomas found during colonoscopy. The entire material included 111 patients (57 with, and 54 without, large bowel adenomas). The patients were interviewed as to food intake during 30 days preceding the examination and on the basis of this interview the intake of nutrients was calculated. Results . In the analysis of vitamin intake lower values of all vitamins were found in the studied women. Significant differences were found in the intake of vitamin A (p=0.007) and beta-carotene (p=0.012). In women in the study group the mean vitamin A and beta-carotene level was 1225.3 µg (95% CI= 1021.3-1429.4/) and 4126.9 µg (95% CI=3251.6-5002.1), while in the control group 1865.2 µg (95% CI=1438.9-2291.5) and 6509.5 µg (95% CI= 4794.0-8224.96), respectively. Among studied men the intake of most studied vitamins was also lower, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion . Lower intake of vitamin A and beta-carotene in women could be one of the factors favouring the development of large bowel adenomas.
A Study of the Efficacy of Grade Seven English Essay Examinations: A Case for Selected Primary Schools in Harare

The study analyses the efficacy of the Grade 7 English Language essay examinations in selected Harare primary schools in Zimbabwe. One hundred respondents made up of heads and teachers in the selected primary schools participated in the study. The sample included participants from high and low density suburbs. Some were from government schools whilst others were from non-government schools. A questionnaire was developed and a pilot study was carried out to validate the instrument before it was distributed to selected Heads of primary schools and their current and former Grade Six and Grade Seven teachers. The objective for limiting the study to theses groups was that these were the people presumed to have the information that was needed for the study. The study found out that essay examinations were perceived to: (a) be promoting the development of creativity and originality in the learners; (b) be a pre-condition to linguistic accuracy and language development in pupils; and (c) cater for divergent thinking in pupils. The study recommended that: (a) Grade 7 teachers must effectively plan their work with their pupils’ learning needs in mind; (b) pupils should read more library books to broaden their knowledge base; (c) teachers and examiners should be in-serviced in the skills involving essay teaching, writing and marking; and (d) teachers should employ various strategies such as prompt speeches, debates, drama, poem, presentations and essay competitions at class, cluster, district and provincial levels to improve pupils essay writing skills. Definition of Key Terms
ASSESSING THE PREVALENCE OF FAILINGS AND THEIR RELATION WITH CHRONIC CONDITIONS FOR OLDER PEOPLE LIVING IN KHORAMABAD, IRAN

هدیکچ فده و هنیمز : هزورما دارفا رتشیب رد دنملاس ) 86 (% ، نمزم یرامیب کی لقادح دراد دوجو هک ثعاب شهاک درکلمع و هدـش یم ناوت ن د ببس مز نداتفا نی وش ن د . نداتفا نیمز دوخ هبون هب زین یم درـکلمع تفا ببس دناوت یمسـج یـناور یاهدـمایپ و دوش دنملاس یارب یعامتجا . هعلاطم رضاح عویش نییعت فده اب نداتفا نیمز رد نادنملاس نآ طابترا و نمزـم یاـهیرامیب اب دش ماجنا . شور قیقحت : رد یفیصوت هعلاطم نیا هک طقم تروص هب لاس رد و یع 1386 دش ماجنا دادعت ، 400 درف دنملاس 60 و هلاس دابآ مرخ رهش رتلااب هب ، شور هشوخ هلحرم دنچ یا یا تفرگ رارق هعلاطم دروم و باختنا دن . زا تاـعلاطا لـیمکت روـظنم هب دنمراتخاس همانشسرپ دیدرگ هدافتسا . هداد عمج یاه اـب هدـش یروآ مرـن زا هدافتـسا یراـمآ رازـفا SPSS و راـمآ و یفیـصوت نومزآ یاه Chi-Square و Mann-Whitney ینعم حطس رد یراد 05 / 0 P≤ تفرگ رارق لیلحت و هیزجت دروم دن . هتفای اه : عویش نداتفا نیمز مرخ رهش نادنملاس رد دابآ 8 / 24 % ؛دوب راهچ ره زا عقاو رد کی ،دنملاس کی یط رد رفن ،لاـس دوب هدرک هبرجت ار ندروخ نیمز . عیاش یاهیرامیب نیرت رد نمزـم دارـفا هـعلاطم دروـم ـ ب ه ییاـنیب صـقن ،زورـترآ بـیترت و دندوب نوخ راشف . هک داد ناشن قیقحت نیا یبلق یاهیرامیب لیبق زا ییاهیرامیب هب لاتبا تـیرترآ ،یـقورع / هتکـس ،زورـترآ ،ساوح ای یهاگآ للاتخا ،ییانیب صقن ،یزغم ـیر یاـهیرامیب ،یگدرسفا ،باوخ للاتخا یـب نتـشاد ،یو و یراردا یراـیتخا یب عفد یرایتخا ، رطخ نداتفا نیمز شیازفا ار یم دنهد . هجیتن یریگ : جیاتن ساسا رب هعلاطم نیا یم ، هک تشاد ناعذا ناوت نمزم یاهیرامیب ، رطخ نداتفا نیمز ـ ب نادنملاس رد ار ه یم شیازفا یریگمشچ روط دنهد نیاربانب ؛ یم داهنشیپ لاصا رب هولاع دوش تیعضو اب بسانتم یطیحم تاح ینهذ و یمسج ،نادنملاس رطخ ضرعم رد نادنملاس ییاسانش ،بسانم یکمک لیاسو زا هدافتسا نداتفا نیمز نـگل یاهظفاحم زا هدافتسا و هداوناخ و نادنملاس هب نانآ یاه ، هرابرد یاهراکهار زا یریگشیپ نداتفا نیمز همدـص رطخ شهاک یاههار و ، مزلا شزوـمآ هداد و دوش هب یتشادهب ای یعامتجا تامدخ رشق نیا ددرگ هئارا هعماج حطس رد .
Clinical utility of serodiagnostic testing in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

Background: Among children and adolescents, the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often missed or delayed because of the nonspecific nature of the clinical symptoms. In such instances noninvasive and accurate diagnostic tests that would accurately distinguish IBD from functional disorders would be most valuable to clinicians. Several serological markers have been used as non-invasive diagnostic tools in IBD pediatric patients. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and diagnostic accuracy of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA), anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), anti-exocrine pancreatic antibodies (PAB) and anti-goblet cells antibodies (GAB) alone and in combination in children and adolescents with IBD. Patients and methods: Serum specimens were analyzed for p-ANCA, ASCA IgG, ASCA IgA, PAB and GAB antibodies in 49 children and adolescents with confirmed IBD and 53 non-IBD controls. P-ANCA, PAB and GAB antibodies were determined by indirect immunofluorescent test and ASCA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) had genotyping performed using a sequence specific PCR directed against the wild type and the three principal mutations of NOD2/CARD15 gene. Disease location, body mass index (BMI) and disease activity by pediatric Crohn’s disease activity index (PCDAI) at the time of diagnosis were determined in CD patients. Results: The prevalence of p-ANCA in patients with UC and ASCA in CD patients was high (82.3 % and 67.9 %, respectively). Positivity for PAB antibodies in CD and GAB in UC was lower (35.7 % and 23.5 %, respectively). Accuracy data (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, respectively) for differentiating IBD from non-IBD controls were as follows: p-ANCA: 82 %, 100 %, 100 %, 94 %; ASCA IgG: 68 %, 94 %, 86 %, 84 %; ASCA IgA: 54 %, 100 %, 100 %, 80 %; PAB: 36 %, 98 %, 91 %, 74 %; GAB: 23 %, 100 %, 100 %, 80 %. In distinguishing CD from UC we found out the following accuracy data (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, respectively): p-ANCA: 82 %, 82 %, 74 %, 88 %; ASCA IgG: 68 %, 100 %, 100 %, 65 %; ASCA IgA: 54 %, 100 %, 100 %, 57 %; PAB: 36 %, 100 %, 100 %, 49 %; GAB: 23 %, 100 %, 100 %, 68 %. There were no significant association between ASCA positivity and the three major mutations of NOD2/CARD15 gene, disesase location and family history in CD patients, however an association between BMI and disease activity at the time of diagnosis was found out. Conclusions: Specificity and positive predictive value of serological markers p-ANCA, ASCA IgG, ASCA IgA, PAB and GAB for IBD alone and in combination are high and which make them useful in diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in day-to-day clinical practice, particulary in making decision about performing invasive diagnostic procedures. Because of low sensitivity they are less useful as screening tests for inflammatory bowel disease in pediatric population.