Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RECENT EVOLUTION OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE DIALOGUE IN THE UNITED STATES

Recent polls indicate that a majority of Americans believe that climate change is happening and is a problem that the nation must address. Likewise, political activity in the past year has catapulted climate change to the top environmental issue being considered by the current U.S. Congress. Even corporate America has demanded action on climate change. Several factors have contributed to this more proactive attitude toward climate change. The scientific community, the media, individual observations, recent extreme weather events, and the efforts of a wide array of governmental, grassroots, and business organizations have all played a role in changing the tenor of the public dialogue. As a result, the nation is poised to take substantive action on climate change in the next couple of years and many governmental leaders are already seeking solutions.
Descriptive National Evidence Comparing Hispanic and White Student Graduate Degree Completion Rates

Using data from the U.S. Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), longitudinal trends in graduate degree completion rates for Hispanic and White students were analyzed over a period of 17 years (2002–2019). The results indicated that there was a significant positive linear trend in graduation rates for both Hispanic and White graduate students, with no adverse impact in graduate degree completion rates for Hispanic students when compared to White students.
Ampreloxetine Versus Droxidopa in Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension: A Comparative Review

Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) is a disabling problem of autonomic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson’s disease, which is associated with poor quality of life and higher mortality rates. The purpose of this literature review was to explore and compare the efficacy and safety of droxidopa (an existing treatment) and ampreloxetine (a newer medication) in the treatment of nOH. We used a mixed-method literature review that addresses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of nOH in Parkinson’s disease in a general way, with a more exploratory approach to droxidopa- and ampreloxetine-controlled trial studies. We included a total of 10 studies of randomized controlled trials with eight studies focused on droxidopa and two studies focused on ampreloxetine. These two drugs were analyzed and compared based on the collected individual study results. Treatment of nOH in Parkinson’s disease patients with droxidopa or ampreloxetine showed clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvements relative to placebo on the components of the OHSA (Orthostatic Hypotension Symptom Assessment) composite score and OHDAS (Orthostatic Hypotension Daily Activity Scale composite scores) composite score. Droxidopa had an improved effect on daily activities, with an associated increase in standing systolic blood pressure (BP), but the long-term efficacy of droxidopa has not been documented. Standing systolic BP was maintained by ampreloxetine and worsened after the withdrawal phase. This highlights the importance of conducting further research which will help us to improve the therapeutic approach for patients with nOH and Parkinson’s disease.
Examining Mental Health, Academic, and Economic Stressors During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Community College and 4-Year University Students

Objective: The COVID-19 global pandemic has created severe, long-lasting challenges to college students in the United States (US). In the present study, we assessed mental health symptomatology (depression, anxiety, life stress), academic challenges, and economic stress during the first wave of the Coronavirus pandemic. Method: A total sample of 361 college students (Mage = 22.26, SD = 5.56) was gathered from a community college (N = 134) and mid-size public university (N = 227) in Southwest US, both designated as Hispanic Serving Institutions. Results: Pearson and point biserial correlations indicated associations between mental health symptomatology, academic challenges, and economic stress, including expected delays in graduation. Multivariate analysis revealed that community college students had statistically significantly higher scores on anxiety F(1, 312) = 5.27, p = . 02, η p 2 = . 01 than 4-year university students, as well as key differences with respect to academic challenges. Chi Square analyses revealed that Latinx families experienced greater economic hardships, including job loss or reduced work hours (χ2 (1, N = 361) = 28.56, p = . 00) than other ethnic/racial groups. Conclusions/Contributions: Findings revealed that community college students faced disparately negative mental health symptomatology, academic challenges, and economic stress during the first wave of the Coronavirus pandemic. Further, Latinx students’ families experienced significant economic hardship that may have impacted students’ academic progress and future planning.
Emitter/absorber interface of CdTe solar cells

The performance of CdTe solar cells can be very sensitive to the emitter/absorber interface, especially for high-efficiency cells with high bulk lifetime. Performance losses from acceptor-type interface defects can be significant when interface defect states are located near mid-gap energies. Numerical simulations show that the emitter/absorber band alignment, the emitter doping and thickness, and the defect properties of the interface (i.e., defect density, defect type, and defect energy) can all play significant roles in the interface recombination. In particular, a type I heterojunction with small conduction-band offset (0.1 eV ≤ ΔEC ≤ 0.3 eV) can help maintain good cell efficiency in spite of high interface defect density, much like with Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) cells. The basic principle is that positive ΔEC, often referred to as a “spike,” creates an absorber inversion and hence a large hole barrier adjacent to the interface. As a result, the electron-hole recombination is suppressed due to an insufficie.
A Simple Lossless Algorithm for On-Board Satellite Hyperspectral Data Compression

As the resolution of the on-board imaging spectrometer keeps improving, the data acquisition rate increases and a resource-limited satellite environment necessitates for computationally simple data compression methods to meet timing, bandwidth, and resource requirements with error resilience. This letter proposes a new lossless (LS), prediction-based algorithm for on-board satellite hyperspectral data compression that utilizes spectral as well as spatial correlation and at the same time, is computationally less complex. The concept of non-binary tree traversal (NBTT) is used with the nearest neighbor (NN) method and implemented using neighbor-driven decision-making (NDDM) in the pre-processing stage. Previously processed pixels are used to minimize the prediction residual, which makes more than 80% of calculations causal in nature and thereby reducing the computational complexity of the algorithm. The prediction residual is then encoded using sample adaptive Golomb coding in band-sequential order. Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) corpus of data for hyperspectral images (HSI) is used for evaluating the performance of the algorithm. The proposed method shows reduced computational complexity and lesser data dependencies compared to the CCSDS 123.0-B-1 standard when similar spectral vicinity is considered, and comparable compression performance compared to other state-of-the-art on-board LS compression methods.
TRASH: Tandem Repeat Annotation and Structural Hierarchy

Abstract Motivation The advent of long-read DNA sequencing is allowing complete assembly of highly repetitive genomic regions for the first time, including the megabase-scale satellite repeat arrays found in many eukaryotic centromeres. The assembly of such repetitive regions creates a need for their de novo annotation, including patterns of higher order repetition. To annotate tandem repeats, methods are required that can be widely applied to diverse genome sequences, without prior knowledge of monomer sequences. Results Tandem Repeat Annotation and Structural Hierarchy (TRASH) is a tool that identifies and maps tandem repeats in nucleotide sequence, without prior knowledge of repeat composition. TRASH analyses a fasta assembly file, identifies regions occupied by repeats and then precisely maps them and their higher order structures. To demonstrate the applicability and scalability of TRASH for centromere research, we apply our method to the recently published Col-CEN genome of Arabidopsis thaliana and the complete human CHM13 genome. Availability and implementation TRASH is freely available at:https://github.com/vlothec/TRASH and supported on Linux.
Electrical conductivity and Hall effect in n-type CdS

ABSTRACT The experimental data of the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity σ(T) and the Hall coefficient RH (T) on single crystal samples of n-type CdS reported in literature are reviewed and have been critically analysed including hopping conduction in an impurity band. It is shown that the experimental data of σ(T) and RH (T) reported in almost previous studies can be simultaneously fitted using a common set of the values of material parameters for calculating free-electron conduction, i.e. the conduction and the density-of-state effective mass of electrons, the acoustic-phonon deformation potential, the Fröhlich coupling constant and the piezoelectric coupling coefficient, whereas wide ranges of values for these material parameters had been adopted in different studies. The correct assignment of impurity conduction mechanisms in n-type CdS single crystals is presented. In addition, reasonable explanations are given for unresolved enigmas regarding impurity pairing, unexpected large Hall mobility at low temperatures, and the effect of electric field on hopping Hall mobility.
A Review of Bacterial Pigments: Harnessing Nature's Colors for Functional Materials and Dyeing Processes

The use of synthetic dyes has been found to have negative environmental impacts, leading to a growing demand for natural alternatives. This study explores the potential of bacterial pigments, derived from microorganisms, as a sustainable alternative for textile dyeing. The first chapter examines the ecological impact of synthetic dyes and the potential of natural dyes, including bacterial pigments, as a sustainable alternative. Biodegradability and life-cycle-assessment are discussed in this chapter since they are important factors to evaluate the environmental impact of any substance. The second chapter discusses the potential for bacterial pigments to functionalize textile materials with new therapeutic properties, including antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, some bacterial pigments can be used as semiconductors for electronics. The third chapter outlines the challenges of using natural pigments in textile production and suggests techniques to improve colourfastness. The chapter also highlights the successful uses of pigments such as anthraquinone, carotenoid, violacein, melanin, and prodiginine in textile colouring. Finally, the future perspectives section identifies potential areas for further research and development in the field of bacterial pigments, which could revolutionize the textile industry towards a more eco-friendly and innovative approach to textile production.
An Automated Router With Optical Resource Adaptation

Photonic Integrated Circuits are rapidly becoming more reconfigurable using tunable waveguide elements, coming closer to realizing ‘general purpose’ programmable waveguide meshes. To utilize the full potential of such circuits, special software routines need to be developed to determine the optical paths inside the mesh. Right now, current methods either scale exponentially in problem size or are severely lacking performance-wise, largely unable to find solutions, especially in recirculating waveguide meshes with square or hexagonal unit cells. We present an algorithm that computes an efficient configuration that correctly routes all given signals. Whereas similar papers look at meshes containing 7 to 20 hexagonal cells, in this article, meshes of up to hundreds of hexagonal cells are considered. We compare the results of our algorithm to an earlier proposed algorithm and to an optimal solution. Several parameters are introduced in the algorithm. These are studied and an optimizer is implemented to determine effective values for them.
On some problem areas in grammaticalization studies

In the past, three central problems were discussed in grammaticalization studies. First, the discrimination and isolation of distinctive features of the process of grammaticalization, second, the question of distinct formal expression, i.e. what counts as an explicitly expressed grammatical function in a language, and third, what is a distinct set of meanings and functions of grammatical items. The paper suggests that these problems, which have in common that they are characterized by non-distinctness in various areas, originate in the fact that grammaticalization studies have not yet proposed a substantial definition of grammar. Assuming that grammatical meaning is based in a deictic relational structure and its modifications, the paper proposes features that a substantial definition of grammar for grammaticalization studies should contain.
Evaluation of Cowpea Landraces under a Mediterranean Climate

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ) yield is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. Average seed yield can decrease to a great extent when drought conditions occur, especially when they prevail during flowering and seed filling periods. Identifying genotypes presenting yield stability is one of the most important breeding goals. Local varieties or crop landraces are genetic resources that, despite exhibiting intermediate yield production capacity, present high yield stability in low-input cropping systems. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate five selected cowpea landraces originated from different Greek islands under Mediterranean climatic conditions. A complete randomized block design with four replications was used during three consecutive cropping seasons. Many phenological and agronomic traits studied showed statistically significant genotype × experimental year interaction, while there was a strong experimental year effect. Among the landraces studied, local population VG23 from Kythira Island was the most productive under the experimental climatic and soil conditions, while local population VG2 from Lemnos Island was characterized by low seed productivity. Conclusively, our study showed that VG23 landrace is a promising genetic material to be used for seed yield improvement.
'Argument fronting in English, Romance CLLD and the left periphery'.

Starting from a discussion of the internal make-up of adverbial clauses this paper will show that the fairly widespread assumption that fronted topics in English and CLLD constituents in Romance occupy the same position leads to a number of problems. I will conclude that fronted topics in English occupy a higher position in the left periphery. The final part of the paper compares a number of views on the lower topic position in Romance.
The Effect of a Company’s Sustainable Competitive Advantage on Their Tax Avoidance Strategy—Focusing on Market Competition in Korea

This study analyzes whether a company’s competitive advantage affects a company’s tax avoidance strategy. Additionally, it analyzes whether these effects depend on the level of competition in the market to which the company belongs. This is because a company’s tax avoidance strategy may vary depending on the characteristics of the firm, such as the financial position and governance structure, the market dominance, or the degree of competition in the market to which the company belongs and it can act as an incentive for tax avoidance. Results of this study is follows. Tax avoidance increases significantly as a company’s market share increases. Also, if the sample is divided by the level of market competition and analyzed, the results show that tax avoidance increases significantly with the increase in a company’s market power only in oligopolistic markets with low market competition. Therefore, it can be interpreted that the effect of a company’s market power on tax avoidance varies depending on the level of competition in the market.
When to Use Different Inferential Methods for Power Analysis and Data Analysis for Between-Subjects Mediation

Several options exist for conducting inference on indirect effects in mediation analysis. Although methods that use bootstrapping are the preferred inferential approach for testing mediation, they are time-consuming when the test must be performed many times for a power analysis. Alternatives that are more computationally efficient are not as robust, meaning accuracy of the inferences from these methods is more affected by nonnormal and heteroskedastic data. Previous research has shown that different sample sizes are needed to achieve the same amount of statistical power for different inferential approaches with data that meet all the statistical assumptions of linear regression. By contrast, we explore how similar power estimates are at the same sample size, including when assumptions are violated. We compare the power estimates from six inferential methods for between-subjects mediation using a Monte Carlo simulation study. We varied the path coefficients, inferential methods for the indirect effect, and degree to which assumptions are met. We found that when the assumptions of linear regression are met, three inferential methods consistently perform similarly: the joint significance test, the Monte Carlo confidence interval, and the percentile bootstrap confidence interval. When the assumptions were violated, the nonbootstrapping methods tended to have vastly different power estimates compared with the bootstrapping methods. On the basis of these results, we recommend using the more computationally efficient joint significance test for power analysis only when no assumption violations are hypothesized a priori. We also recommend the joint significance test to pick an optimal starting sample size value for power analysis using the percentile bootstrap confidence interval when assumption violations are suspected.
Oracle estimation of parametric transformation models

: Transformation models, like the Box-Cox transformation, are widely used in regression to reduce non-additivity, non-normality, and heteroscedasticity. The question of whether one may or may not treat the es- timated transformation parameter as ﬁxed in inference about other model parameters has a long and controversial history (Bickel and Doksum, 1981, Hinkley and Runger, 1984). While the frequentist wisdom is that uncertainty regarding the true value of the transformation parameter cannot be ignored, in practice, diﬃculties in interpretation arise if the transformation is regarded as random and not ﬁxed. In this paper, we suggest a golden mean methodology which attempts to reconcile these philosophies. Penalized estimation yields oracle estimates of transformations that enable treating the transformation parameter as known when the data indicate one of a prespeciﬁed set of transformations of scientiﬁc interest. When the true transformation is outside this set, rigorous frequentist inference is still achieved. The methodology permits multiple candidate values for the transformation, as is common in applications, as well as simultaneously accommodating variable selection in regression model. Theoretical issues, such as selection consistency and the oracle property, are rigorously estab-lished. Numerical studies, including extensive simulation studies and real data examples, illustrate the practical utility of the proposed methods.
ONE SITE VERSUS TWO SITE PHACOTRABECULECTOMY: RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL.

Soha moussa mohamed eltohamy. Purpose:To compare one-site versus two-site phacotrabeculectomy in patients with visually significant cataract and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), with regard to achieve target intraocular pressure (IOP) and best visual acuity (VA). Method:Forty patients (40 eyes) with coexistance glaucoma and cataract were randomly assigned to undergo either a one-site (20 eyes) or a two-site (20 eyes) phacotrabeculoectomy. One-site approach consisted of a standard superior phacotrabeculectomy , while two-site approach consisted of a clear cornea phacoemulsification and a separate superior trabeculectomy. Results:Mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) in the one-site group was 22.05 mmHg (SD 1.6) and in the two-site group was 22.4 mmHg (SD 1.8) (P 0.4) using a mean of 2.6 (SD 0.5), 2.7(SD 0.4) antiglaucomatus medication (AM), respectively (p 0.56). Aftesr thirty months of follow-up, the. Mean postoperative IOP significantly decreased in both groups compared to the preoperative level and was 14.2 mmHg (SD 1.06) in the one-site group and 13.5 mmHg (SD 1.19) in the two-site group (p 0.07) , using a mean of 0.3 (SD 0.47), and 0.25 (SD 0.44) A M, respectively. Mean IOP and AM postoperatively were significantly less compared to preoperatively for each group (p < 0.05). AS regard postoperative IOP, the two sites has more reduction of IOP than one site bu not statistically significant difference (p 0.07). AS regard postoperative AM two sites has less AM than one site to control IOP , but not statistically significant difference(p 0.94) . AS regard postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the two site had better (BCVA) than the one site, but the difference was not statistically significant (P 0.97). There was less postoperative (induced) astigmatism in the two-site group and the difference was statistically significant ((p 0.01). Conclusion:Both one-site and two-site phacotrabeculectomy had similar results concerning final BCVA and IOP reduction. However, the two-site group had less induced astigmatism and a better postoperative IOP control with less required postoperative antiglaucoma medications compared to the one-site group.
Diurnal Variation of Surface Thermodynamic Fields on the Island of Hawaii

Abstract The diurnal variation in the surface thermodynamic fields over the island of Hawaii is presented for the first time. The diurnal ranges in temperature and dewpoint vary considerably over the island. In addition to the diurnal heating cycle, the thermodynamic fields over the island are also related to orography, airflow, and distributions of clouds and rains. On the windward side, the onset of upslope (downslope) flow in the morning (evening) is closely related to the thermal contrasts between the slope surface and the upstream air. After sunrise around 0600 HST, the onset of upslope flow occurs at approximately 0730 HST on the upper slopes where the virtual temperature first becomes warmer than the environment. In the early evening, the onset of downslope flow occurs just before sunset about 1900 HST in the windward lowland where the virtual temperature first drops below the environmental value. These results suggest that the diurnal evolution of the surface flow on the windward side is closely c.