Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Continuous usage intention of Location-based Services (LBS) technology among smartphone users in Malaysia

Mobile phone utilisation is changing from basic communication features and location-based services (LBS) has become an important feature. In developing countries such as Malaysia, the development and implementation of LBS can be important for the public since an LBS does not only boost individual decision making, but also supports the business functionality depending on its operation policy. We conducted a research to investigate users’ expectation and intention to use the LBS. Developing the work based on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The findings show the roles of effort expectancy and social influence in predicting the intention to use of LBS.
Estimation of US SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Symptomatic Infections, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Using Seroprevalence Surveys

Key Points Question Accounting for underreporting, what is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease burden in the US? Findings In this cross-sectional study using data from public health surveillance of reported coronavirus disease 2019 cases and seroprevalence surveys, an estimated 46 910 006 SARS-CoV-2 infections, 28 122 752 symptomatic infections, 956 174 hospitalizations, and 304 915 deaths occurred in the US through November 15, 2020. Meaning Findings of this study suggest that although more than 14% of the US population was infected with SARS-CoV-2 by mid-November, a substantial gap remains before herd immunity can be reached.
The genus Utricularia in the Nordic countries, with special emphasis on U. stygia and U. ochroleuca

This paper revises the genus Utricularia in the Nordic countries with special emphasis on U. ochroleuca and a newly described species, U. stygia. Descriptions of all species are given and the distributions in the Nordic countries are mapped for U. stygia and U. ochroleuca. Two keys of all species are given, one using only the four-armed hairs, quadrifids, inside the bladders. U. stygia and U. ochroleuca are distinguished from U. intermedia by the spur which is half as long as the lower lip and directed downwards from the lower lip at an acute angle. They usually also have traps on both the green and colourless shoots. U. stygia is distinguished from U. ochroleuca by having a darker yellow, larger, almost flat lower lip and a slightly larger number of teeth with bristles on each leaf segment. U. ochroleuca has paler, smaller flowers with a lower lip which is at first almost flat but later the margins become deflexed. The form and size of the quadrifids are given for all Utricularia species in the Nordic countries. It is possible to distinguish all species by studying only the form and size of the quadrifids, with some reservation for U. vulgaris and U. australis.
Original Contribution MEAT QUALITY AND COMPOSITION IN JAPANESE QUAILS

SUMMARY The increasing interest of consumers to quality of foods and that of meat in particular, motivated our aim to perform a detailed analysis of the quality and the composition of meat from Japanese quails. The investigation showed that the slaughter yield in Japanese quails ranged between 64-65%. Following grilling proportions of meat differed according to the parts of the animal. 24 hours after slaughter, meat pH was also variable in different parts and so was free water percentage. The water retention capacity of meat was better in female quails − 15.7% and 20.2% for pectoral muscles and leg muscles, respectively. Similarly protein and fat distributions varied in different parts of the animal.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Wintergreen Group (Ericaceae) Based on Six Genic Regions

Abstract Previous phylogenetic studies based on DNA sequence data from the genic regions ndhF, matK, atpB—rbcL (cpDNA) and ITS 2 (nrDNA) strongly support the monophyly of the wintergreen group (Ericaceae: Gaultherieae: Diplycosia, Gaultheria, Tepuia) and have assessed the relationships of its major clades. Other studies that include additional genic regions have been limited to two clades corresponding to various sections or series within Gaultheria. Here we expand both the number of species (from 42 to 104) and genic regions (chloroplast matK, ndhF, rpl16, trnL—trnF, trnS—trnG, and the complete ITS region) to further assess phylogenetic relationships in the wintergreen group. With the additional data we detected several areas of incongruence between the trees from the nuclear and combined chloroplast analyses, including a topologically deep conflict involving G. procumbens. Such incongruence likely originated from reticulation events, long considered to have influenced the evolution of various lineages in Gaultheria. We also detected a duplication, possibly nuclear-encoded, of the matK region in one of the Australian/New Zealand lineages. A combined six-gene analysis, in which taxa involved in the conflicting topologies were excluded, yielded higher support values for several early-diverging clades. The monophyly of both Diplycosia and Tepuia is corroborated, as is the successive nesting of Tepuia, G. section Hispidulae (both placements of which have newfound strong support), G. ser. Gymnobotrys, and Diplycosia. Whereas several sections or series with more than one species in the most recent classification of Gaultheria are supported as circumscribed (i.e. G. section Amblyandra and series Hispidulae, Myrtilloideae, and Trichophyllae), others comprise species from two to several different clades.
Near fixation of melanism in leopards of the Malay Peninsula

Melanistic leopards Panthera pardus are common in south-east Asian forests but the exact frequency of this variant phenotype is difficult to assess. Records from camera-trapping studies conducted at 22 locations in Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand between 1996 and 2009 show that only melanistic leopards were present in samples south of the Isthmus of Kra. During 42 565 trap-nights, we collected 445 photos of melanistic leopards and 29 photos of the spotted or non-melanistic morph. All 29 photos of spotted leopards came from study sites north of the Isthmus. These results indicate that this recessive trait may be nearly fixed in P. pardus populations of the Malay Peninsula, suggesting a unique evolutionary history of leopards in the region. Assuming a very small effective population size (Ne=100) and a high initial allelic frequency, at least 1000 years would be expected to elapse until a neutral allele became fixed. The severe bottleneck implied by this scenario provides a testable hypothesis that can be addressed using molecular markers and evidence of past glacioeustatic changes across the region. Although natural selection might lead to rapid fixation of melanism within Malayan leopards, had their effective population size been much larger (e.g. Ne=5000) and stable, with a lower allelic frequency, the fixation would require a longer time span (e.g. 20 000 years) if induced by genetic drift alone.
Treatment Outcomes of Cerebral Aneurysms Presenting with Optic Neuropathy: A Retrospective Case Series

Background: Optic neuropathy due to an aneurysm is relatively rare, with only a few small case series on this topic, and no randomized trials having been published until now. As such, the functional prognosis and treatment for aneurysm-induced optic neuropathy remain controversial. Objective: We quantified optic nerve injuries using an objective index (the visual impairment score) and evaluated prognostic factors of postoperative visual function. Materials and Methods: Of 960 patients treated for an unruptured intracranial aneurysm, 18 (1.9%) patients had optic neuropathy. Visual acuity and visual field were assessed before surgery and 6 months' postoperatively. Cases were classified on the basis of treatment modality (coil embolization or flow alteration [FA]) and prognostic factors of the two treatment groups. Results: Of the 18 patients with an intracranial aneurysm and optic neuropathy, 12 (67%) were treated using coil embolization and 6 (33%) were FA. Visual function improved after surgery in 8 patients (44%), 5 (42%) in the coil embolization group, and 3 (50%) in the FA group. The visual function remained stable after surgery in 6 (33%) patients and worsened in 4 (22%). Patients with an aneurysms <15 mm in size had a favorable outcome (P = 0.05). Conclusions: Surgical treatment improved vision in 44% of cases, with no difference in the prognosis of coil embolization and FA and no effect of the duration of symptoms on outcomes. Further, the prognosis of visual function recovery was better for aneurysms <15 mm in diameter.
Arthropod biodiversity after forest fires: winners and losers in the winter fire regime of the southern Alps

Since prehistoric times, natural and man made fires have been important factors of natural disturbance in many forest ecosystems, like those on the southern slopes of the Alps. Their effect on scarce, endangered or stenotopic species and on the diversity of invertebrate species assemblages which depend on a mosaic of successional habitat stages, is controversially discussed. In southern Switzerland, in a region affected by regular winter fires, we investigated the effect of the fire frequency on a large spectrum of taxonomic groups. We focussed on total biodiversity, taxonomic groups specific to certain habitat types, and on scarce and endangered species. Overall species richness was significantly higher in plots with repeated fires than in the unburnt control sites. Plots with only one fire in the last 30 yr harboured intermediate species numbers. Fire frequency had a significantly positive effect on species richness of the guilds of interior forest species and forest edge specialists. Species of open landscape, open forests and interior forests were not influenced by fire frequency. A positive effect of fire on species richness was observed for ground beetles (Carabidae), hoverflies (Syrphidae), bees and wasps (Hymenoptera aculeata, without Formicidae), and spiders (Araneae). True bugs (Heteroptera), lacewings (Neuroptera) and the saproxylic beetle families Cerambycidae, Buprestidae and Lucanidae showed positive trends, but no statistically significant effects of fire on species numbers or/and abundances. Negative effects of fire on species numbers or/and abundances were found only for isopods and weevils (Curculionidae). A compromise for forest management is suggested, which considers the risk of damage by fire to people and goods, while avoiding the risk of damage to biodiversity by imitating the effects of sporadic fires and providing a mosaic forest with open gaps of different successional stages.
Detection and Avoidance of Predators in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and Mule Deer (O. hemionus)

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between early detection of predators and predator avoidance in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (O. hemionus), two closely related species that differ in their habitat preferences and in their anti-predator behavior. We used observations of coyotes (Canis latrans) hunting deer to test whether the distance at which white-tails and mule deer alerted to coyotes was related to their vulnerability to predation. Coyote encounters with both species were more likely to escalate when deer alerted at shorter distances. However, coyote encounters with mule deer progressed further than encounters with white-tails that alerted at the same distance, and this was not due to species differences in group size or habitat. We then conducted an experiment in which a person approached groups of deer to compare the detection abilities and the form of alert response for white-tails and mule deer, and for age groups within each species. Mule deer alerted to the approacher at longer distances than white-tails, even after controlling for variables that were potentially confounding. Adult females of both species alerted sooner than conspecific juveniles. Mule deer almost always looked directly at the approacher as their initial response, whereas white-tails were more likely to flee or to look in another direction with no indication that they pinpointed the approacher during the trial. Mule deer may have evolved the ability to detect predators earlier than white-tails as an adaptation to their more open habitats, or because they need more time to coordinate subsequent anti-predator defenses.
Synthesis of leukotriene C and other arachidonic acid metabolites by mouse pulmonary macrophages

Mouse resident pulmonary macrophages were subdivided into alveolar (PAM) and interstitial (PTM) populations on the basis of accessibility to pulmonary lavage, and zymosan-induced arachidonic acid (20:4) metabolism was examined in both populations labeled with [3H]20:4. Maximal phagocytic doses of unopsonized zymosan induced the specific release of 11% of phospholipid 20:4 by PTM and 4.6% by PAM. Direct fatty acid analysis of [3H]20:4-labeled PTM cultured in the presence or absence of zymosan indicated that the specific activity of the [3H]20:4 in cell phospholipid provided an accurate measure of 20:4 released by the cells, and could therefore be used to quantitate the synthesis of 20:4 metabolites by PTM in vitro. The single major 20:4 metabolite of PTM was the slow-reacting substance leukotriene C, which was synthesized in quantities of 3-4 pmol/microgram cell protein (280-370 pmol/10(6) cells), and comprised 20-25% of the released 20:4. PTM also synthesized prostaglandin E2, prostacyclin, thromboxane A2, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. In contrast, PAM produced leukotrienes D and E in addition to leukotriene C, prostaglandin E2, thromboxane A2, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Prostacyclin formation by PAM was not observed. These studies define a set of experimental conditions for the study of 20:4 metabolism by pulmonary macrophages, and demonstrate that these cells are rich sources of LTC as well as other 20:4 oxygenated products.
Patient Satisfaction with Hospital Food in the Hospitals Affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Introduction: Food quality in hospitals plays a key role in the integrated program for the improvement of nutritional care in hospitals. Providing appropriate nutrition programs in the hospital setting is particularly challenging due to the diverse dietary needs of patients. The present study aimed to determine the influential factors in the satisfaction of patients with the food service in the hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 265 patients in five wards of two major teaching hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Mashhad, Iran. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire about hospital meals upon the discharge of the patients. The first assessment was conducted in Ghaem Hospital in 2010, and the next evaluation was performed in Ghaem Hospital and Imam Reza Hospital in 2016. The median length of hospital stay in the patients admitted in Ghaem Hospital and Imam Reza Hospital was 3.4 days. The questionnaire was completed by dieticians upon the discharge of the patients, and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was estimated at 0.78. Results: Overall patient satisfaction with hospital food services was significantly correlated with food temperature, quantity, taste, appearance, replacement meal, and diet compatibility. The rate of patient satisfaction was 60.8%, and the quality of food services in the selected hospitals was good or excellent. Conclusion: Patient satisfaction with hospital food services plays a key role in evaluating the efficacy of the applied strategies. The results of this study could help dieticians focus on specific indicators in order to improve the food catering services and maximize patient satisfaction with hospital foods.
Machine learning aided phase retrieval algorithm for beam splitting with an LCoS-SLM

Liquid crystal on silicon phase-only spatial light modulators are widely used for the generation of multi-spot patterns. The phase distribution in the modulator plane, corresponding to the target multi-spot intensity distribution in the focal plane, is calculated by means of the so-called phase retrieval algorithms. Due to deviations of the real optical setup from the ideal model, these algorithms often do not achieve the desired power distribution accuracy within the multi-spot patterns. In this study, we present a novel method for generating high quality multi-spot patterns even in the presence of optical system disturbances. The standard Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm is extended by means of machine learning methods combined with an open camera feedback loop. The machine learning algorithm is used to predict the mapping function between the desired and the measured multi-spot beam profiles. The problem of generation of multispot patterns is divided into three complexity levels. Due to distinct parameter structures, each of the complexity levels requires differing solution approaches, particularly differing machine learning algorithms. This relation is discussed in detail eventually providing a solution for the simplest case of beam splitter pattern generation. Solutions for more complex problems are also suggested. The approach is validated, whereby one machine learning method is successfully implemented and tested experimentally.
Síndromes de polinização e de dispersão em fragmentos da Floresta Estacional Semidecídua Montana, SP, Brasil

We aimed to analyze pollination and dispersal syndrome distribution among strata and between edge and interior of semideciduous montane forest fragments at Fazenda Bela Vista (46o52'W; 22o47'S, 750-850 m a.s.l.), Pedreira municipality, Sao Paulo state, SE Brazil. During weekly visits from August/1997 to October/1998 we classified the pollination and dispersal syndromes of 151 tree and shrub species with dbh > 3 cm in the upper (height > 9 m), intermediate and lower (height < 4.5 m) strata and at the edge (50 m strip) and interior of three forest fragments (100 ha). The bee-pollination syndrome (melittophily) predominated, followed by non-specialized syndromes, phalaenophily, myiophily, psycophily, chiropterophily, ornithophily, cantharophily, and anemophily. Anemophilous, chiropterophilous and ornithophilous species were more frequent in open environments, and melittophilous species tended to occur in the upper stratum. Zoochoric syndromes predominated, followed by anemochoric and autochoric syndromes. Anemochoric and autochoric species were more frequent in open environments and predominated in the upper strata in the forest interior. Different pollination and dispersal syndromes are associated with different environments and forest strata.
Effects of temperature and salinity on the growth of the red tide flagellates Heterocapsa circularisquama (Dinophyceae) and Chattonella verruculosa (Raphidophyceae)

Growth responses of the red tide flagellates, Heterocapsa circularisquama (Dinophyceae) and Chattonella verruculosa (Raphidophyceae), were examined with 36 different combinations of temperature (5-3O°C) and salinity (10-35 PSU). Heterocapsa circularisquama did not grow at or below a temperature of 10°C. The maximum growth rate of H.circularisquama (13 divisions day1) was obtained with a combination of 30°C and 30 PSU. In contrast, C. verruculosa did not grow at 10 PSU and at temperatures of 25°C or more. The maximum growth rate of C. verruculosa (1.74 divisions day1) was obtained with a combination of 15°C and 25 PSU. A significant temperature-salinity inter- action on growth was found by factorial analysis. Based on the physiological characteristics obtained in the present study, these novel flagellates have a potential for future outbreaks of red tides in pre- viously unaffected waters.
Endemic disease

of the Press or of protests by Media-MOST about illegal actions by government agencies, or about libels spread by the Federal Security Bureau, which showed on air a bugging device and 'spy data' which in fact had never been seized from Media-MOST. TVC has gone to court and won; NTV is also suing the FSB, ORT, and RTR for libel and may well also win. However, the court victories of TVC have remained without consequences, and any 'victories' won by NTV are unlikely to be more helpful. The president promised to be rigorous, and if he were suddenly to leave the oppositional press in peace he would be breaking that promise: we can rely on him to fight on to the bitter end. Whose end that will be — the end of our democratically elected president or of those sections of the press he finds awkward — is still far from clear. •
Bioefficacy of neem products and insecticides against the incidence of whitefly, yellow mosaic virus and pod borer in Black gram

Yellow mosaic virus disease of Black gram [Vigna mungo (Linn.) Hepper] caused by mung bean yellow mosaic Gemini virus and transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) is most serious in northern states of India, particularly, Bundelkhand Zone of Madhya Pradesh. Efficacy of some indigenous neem products, insecticides and their admixtures were tested at Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh during kharif 2003-2005. The results indicated that admixture treatments, neen seed kernel extract (NSKE ) (in cow urine), 3% + dimethoate, 0.03% and neem oil, 0.5% + dimethoate, 0.03% not only reduced the incidence of whitefly and yellow mosaic but also of pod borer. These treatments gave maximum grain yield of 935 and 902 kg/ha, net profit of Rs 3934 and Rs 3320/ha with incremental cost benefit ratio of 11.2 and 10.9, respectively.
Possible identification of quantitative trait loci affecting iron efficiency in soybean

Abstract Iron (Fe)‐deficiency in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] may cause yield reductions when certain genotypes are planted on 4 calcareous soil. This research was conducted to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Fe‐efficiency in a set of lines (set 1), and to test these associations in another set of lines of the same population (tester set). The population was formed by crossing a Glycine max experimental line (Fe‐inefficient) and a C. soja plant introduction (Fe‐efficient). Set 1 was used to construct a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linkage map using 272 markers for the analysis. The tester set was developed to check the results obtained from set 1. Iron‐efficiency was measured using 13 F2‐derived lines of both sets in field plantings on calcareous soils. Set 1 and and the tester set were evaluated over two and one years, respectively. The lines were grown each year at two locations per year, with three replications per location in Iowa. Three markers were significantly (P<0.01).
Multiple role of temperature during insect diapause: a review

The review emphasizes that there are multiple pathways to diapause completion. The programmed course of events is modified by environmental cues. Often chilling is not a prerequisite for the completion of hibernation diapause (examples tabulated). Diapause completion progresses well at intermediate or high temperatures, sometimes it is even stimulated by high or increasing temperature. Low temperatures are important, as they (1) conserve metabolic reserves, (2) prevent resumption of post‐diapause morphogenesis and thus synchronize the life‐cycle, (3) represent contrast to the later increase in temperature. Diapause consists of phases with different prerequisites. There is a principal difference between diapause development and photoperiodic activation as indicated by the subsequent physiological condition of insects.