Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Does Households' Wealth Affect Portfolio Choices?

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to identify the determinants of households’ preferences regarding financial asset allocation. It investigates the structures of households’ financial asset portfolios in 15 euro area countries. It assumes three risk classes and presents a comprehensive picture of an average portfolio at the domestic and euro area levels. Methodology: The research is based on the Eurosystem HFCS data. It applies the fractional multinomial logit model which allows analysing parallel movements in all shares of portfolio components resulting from the changes in households’ wealth. Findings: The results obtained allow drawing conclusions about the heterogeneity of households’ investment preferences on the financial markets across the euro area. However, in all analysed member countries, deposits can be perceived as a component of primary importance as well as a substitute to voluntary pension plans and whole life insurance contracts. The results from the fractional multinomial logit model lead to a general finding that wealthier households are more open to risk exposure than those less affluent. The most useful wealth measures regarding the aim of the study were net wealth, total financial assets, and annual gross incomes. Their adoption to the model allowed identifying the countries like France, Finland, or Italy where the effect of the deepening changes in portfolio structure caused by the continuous increase in households’ wealth was identified. Additionally, Austria, Finland, France, and Italy were recognised as the member states of the most significant differences in this regard between the most distant classes of households - the poorest and the most affluent. Practical implications: This study allows cross-country comparison of the investment preferences of the households characterised by similar financial standing. The results obtained are relevant to the discussion on households' portfolio choices, and growth potentials of the retail financial market in the euro area. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study to the literature is the knowledge on how the differentiated wealth of the euro area households influences the risk profiles of their financial asset portfolios.
Evaluation of fungicides for curative activity against Tranzschelia discolor, cause of the rust disease of french prune (Prunus domestica L.)

The ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, propiconazole, RH-2161 and RH-3866, exhibited strong curative activity against Tranzschelia discolor infections in French prune leaves. Foliar sprays (25-50 ppm) applied during the latent period, up to 7 days after inoculation, completely suppressed the disease. When these fungicides were applied after the appearance of symptoms, they inhibited further lesion growth and sporulation. Other fungicides having some curative activity were triforine and oxycarboxin. Fungicides with little or no curative activity against T. discolor were bitertanol, PP969, triadimefon and tridemorph.
Analisis Kualitas Air Di Rawa Sier-Sier Kecamatan Babat Kabupaten Lamongan

Rawa Sier-Sier merupakan bendungan tempat bertemunya aliran sungai Desa Sogo, aliran air dari lereng Gunung Pegat, dan aliran Sungai Konang. Rawa Sier-Sier adalah salah satu rawa bendungan yang berada di Kecamatan Babat Kabupaten Lamongan. Rawa ini termasuk rawa buatan dengan luas 3,5 km 2 dan kedalaman 7 m. Kelimpahan eceng gondok yang sangat tinggi berdampak pada kualitas air di perairan tesebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air dan sebagai informasi kepada masyarakat guna menjaga serta mengelola sumberdaya perairan yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampel acak berstrata atau Stratified Random dengan tiga titik pengamatan. Titik pengamatan pertama terdapat di Rawa Sier-Sier bagian selatan tempat masuknya air sungai Desa Sogo dan Lereng Gunung Pegat. Titik pengamatan kedua berada dibagian tengah Rawa Sier-Sier tempat bertemunya antara air dari Sungai Sogo dan Sungai Konang. Titik pengamatan yang ketiga berada di Rawa Sier-Sier bagian barat tempat masuknya aliran sungai Konang. Data yang diambil meliputi suhu, kedalaman, kecerahan, salinitas, pH, DO, Nitrat, Nitrit dan Fosfat perairan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa distribusi dalam perairan Rawa Sier-Sier tidak merata. Nilai rata-rata yang di dapat yaitu suhu 28 o C, kedalaman 1,96 m, kecerahan 1,33 m dan salinitas 0‰. Kandungan nitrat (NO 3 - N) dalam air rata-rata 4,3 mg/l, dan nitrat (NO 3 ) rata-rata 3,06 mg/l. Adapun kandungan fosfat (PO 4 ) rata-rata yaitu 3,96 mg/l dan fosfat (PO 4 - P) 1,35 mg/l.
Beitrag zur Kenntnis zentralperuanischer Pflanzengesellschaften V. Die Vegetation der subnivalen Stufe

Die vorliegende Bearbeitung der Vegetationseinheiten der subnivalen Stufe stellt den Abschlus einer Serie vegetationskundlicher Arbeiten aus Zentralperu (Gutte 1978, 1980, 1985, 1986) dar. Basierend auf 48 pflanzensoziologischen Aufnahmen werden acht Pflanzengesellschaften, darunter vier neue Assoziationen, beschrieben. Sie werden in vier neue Verbande und in zwei provisorisch aufgestellte Klassen eingeordnet. Von jeder Gesellschaft werden Vorkommen, Gesellschaftsaufbau und Lebensformenspektrum angegeben. This publication, which deals with the subnival vegetation, is the last of a series of phytosociological papers about the vegetation of Central Peru (Gutte 1978, 1980, 1985, 1986). Based on 48 phytosociological records 8 plant communities including 4 new associations are described and classified in 4 new alliances and 2 temporary classes. The habitat, combination of species and the spectrum of life forms of each community are given.
Association between molecular markers linked to the Leptin gene and weight gain in postpartum beef cows

Three short tandem repeats (STRs), BMS1074, BM1500, IDVGA-51, and three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), LEPSau3AI (A/B), LEPSau3AI (+/-) and LEPKpn2I linked to the LEP gene were investigated to verify associations with productive performance in postpartum cows of two beef cattle breeds, Aberdeen Angus (AA, n=98) and Charolais (C, n=83). After polymerase chain reaction, STRs were analyzed by vertical electrophoresis and SNPs in agarose gel after endonucleases cleavage. In AA herd 79% of BMS1074*151 carriers had a lower average daily weight gain (ADG) when compared with the population mean daily weight gain (103g), while 62% of BMS1074*151 non-carriers presented a higher ADG (P<0.01); AA animals with at least one BMS1074*151 allele showed a ADG about 159g lower than that of other animals (P<0.01). In both herds, carriers of the BM1500*136 allele presented higher ADG (about 75g day-1 higher in AA, P<0.05, and 96g day-1 in C, P<0.10); animals with one BM1500*136 allele had about a 3-fold higher chance of having a higher ADG than non-cariers, in both populations.
A bi-objective natural disaster blood supply chain network considering blood transfusion: A case study in Babol

Mismanagement of the blood supply chain is one of the reasons that intensifies the crisis during natural disasters. In this paper, a multi-echelon blood supply chain consisted of donors, portable blood facilities, blood transfusion centers, hospitals, and blood receivers, is considered. The fact that in addition to hospitals that help injured people, childbearing medical centers also have significant demand for blood is also considered in the proposed model. In case of a disaster, roads or medical centers may be devastated by incidents such as earthquakes and floods. The presented model is shown to be capable of proposing alternative routes and medical centers. Since blood is highly perishable, considering the time needed for processing the received blood and minimizing the amount of wasted blood are critical. The model consists of two objective functions: the first considers the economic dimensions of the supply chain and the second focuses on minimizing the blood transfusion time from portable facilities to the hospitals. The proposed bi-objective model is solved using the lexicographic method. The results obtained from a case study in Babol show the applicability of the model and provides some managerial insights to the problem.
Prediction of Total Phosphorus Concentrations, Chlorophyll a, and Secchi Depths in Natural and Artificial Lakes

A model for the prediction of total phosphorus was developed and tested using data on 704 nautral and artificial lakes including 626 lakes in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Eutrophication Survey. A statistical analysis showed that the best estimate for the sedimentation coefficient (σ) in the Vollenweider equation wasfor artificial lakes where L is the areal phosphorus loading rate (mg∙m−2∙yr−1) and z is the mean depth (m). The model yields unbiased estimates of phosphorus concentrations over a wide range of lake types and has a 95% confidence interval of 31–288% of the calculated total phosphorus concentration. Other models are less precise. Though total phosphorus concentrations can be predicted equally well in natural and artificial lakes, predictions of algal densities and water transparency are less reliable in artificial lakes, as the phosphorus–chlorophyll and chlorophyll–Secchi depth relationships are less precise. This seems to be due to the influence of nonalgal particul.
Functional link between foraging performance, functional morphology, and diet shift in roach (Rutilus rutilus)

This study explores how feeding performance (size-dependent attack rate) and the diet shift from zooplankton to benthic macroinvertebrates in the fish species roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) is related to changes in functional morphology over ontogeny. The morphological changes included overall body shape and structures of the feeding apparatus. The foraging performance of roach on zooplankton, as a function of size, was hump-shaped with a maximum of ~160 mm, and the diet shift took place around 150 mm. Over ontogeny, roach body shape gradually changed from fusiform into high-bodied. The second principal component (PC2) of the feeding apparatus had a U-shaped relationship with body size, with a minimum at 140-mm total length, which is the inverse of that found for the foraging performance on zooplankton. We suggest that changes of the feeding apparatus affect prey intake during the early zooplanktivorous phases and at the final benthivorous feeding stage, whereas prey retention ability limits the maximum intak.
Effects of fishing on the Tilapia nilotica (Linne‘ 1757) population in Lake George, Uganda over the past 20 years

Summary The size of the Tilapia nilotica population in Lake George was determined using purse seines. Production, mortality rate, size at maturity, and other parameters of the population were also determined. In Lake George, the factors that regulate the population of T. nilotica are both natural and artificial. The restricted size of nursery zones, strong fish-killing storms, predation and old age are some of the natural regulators. For the adult population, mortality due to these factors is low (natural mortality coefficient, M=0.1). However, commercial fishing appears to have a stronger controlling force. Since the intensification of commercial fishing in 1950, the size of the fish caught has been decreasing, whereas the number of fish caught has been increasing yearly, probably as a result of increasing effort and the use of small mesh nets. These two trends may be the cause for T. nilotica to mature at a smaller size than they did 15 years ago.
A single origin for the limnetic–euryhaline taxa in the Corbulidae (Bivalvia)

The bivalve family Corbulidae, known colloquially as ‘basket clams’, includes species tolerating a wide variety of habitats ranging from open marine to freshwater. Previous studies of corbulid phylogenetics have been based mainly on shell morphology and to some extent soft tissue anatomy. However, these studies have been inadequate for corbulid classification because of difficulties in determining the inter‐relationships of primarily marine species with non‐marine species, the latter commonly exhibiting highly divergent morphological, ecological and environmental characteristics from their marine counterparts. The first molecular phylogenetic study of the Corbulidae is presented herein, analysing DNA sequences from the 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes, separately and in combination. Fifteen corbulid species and 14 outgroup taxa were included in the analyses. Corbulidae is resolved as monophyletic, comprising three groups with varying support. The non‐marine species form one group that we name as the subclade ‘limnetic–euryhaline Corbulidae’ (LEC) and comprising the genera Lentidium, Erodona and Potamocorbula. This LEC, which is consistently recovered as monophyletic, is globally distributed. The marine Corbulidae are divided into two well‐supported lineages in combined analyses although there are inconsistencies in their membership between single‐gene analyses. One of the two lineages consists of primarily Western Pacific taxa and the other of North American and Caribbean taxa. Finally, the authors advocate further study on the LEC to mitigate potential biological invasions beyond their native distribution.
Positive and negative interactions at different life stages of a colonizing species (Quercus humilis)

1 The downy oak Quercus humilis has recently recolonized the Causse du Larzac plateau in southern France. We studied the influence of the shrubs Buxus sempervirens and Juniperus communis on Q. humilis establishment, and of Buxus on the growth of established Q. humilis individuals.
Importance du crown gall chez les hybrides Populus tremula L × P alba L en pépinière forestière

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Importance du crown gall chez les hybrides Populus tremula L x P alba L en pépinière forestière X Nesme, T Beneddra, E Collin
Dynamic Meshing Characteristics of Elliptic Cylinder Gear Based on Tooth Contact Analysis

As the most important working area of gear, teeth play the role of transmitting load and power. Tooth line and tooth profile are the two main characteristics of the tooth surface, which affect the shape of the tooth surface, tooth meshing characteristics and contact characteristics. Taking the elliptical cylinder gear pair in the reversing device of a new type of drum pumping unit as the research object, the dynamic meshing process of the gear is simulated by LS-PREPOST software based on loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) technology. The distribution law of the effective plastic strain, effective stress and tooth surface pressure in the direction of the tooth line and tooth profile as well as the tooth meshing force under different speed conditions are obtained. The results show that the effective plastic strain, effective stress and tooth surface pressure will decrease with the transition of the center position of the elliptical contact area on the tooth surface to both sides. The distribution of stress and strain in the direction of tooth line will change with the location of the teeth, and the rotational speed has a certain influence on the meshing force of the teeth. The results of this research can provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent analysis of the dynamic meshing characteristics and modification of non-circular gear.
Update and review of control options for Campylobacter in broilers at primary production

Abstract The 2011 EFSA opinion on Campylobacter was updated using more recent scientific data. The relative risk reduction in EU human campylobacteriosis attributable to broiler meat was estimated for on‐farm control options using Population Attributable Fractions (PAF) for interventions that reduce Campylobacter flock prevalence, updating the modelling approach for interventions that reduce caecal concentrations and reviewing scientific literature. According to the PAF analyses calculated for six control options, the mean relative risk reductions that could be achieved by adoption of each of these six control options individually are estimated to be substantial but the width of the confidence intervals of all control options indicates a high degree of uncertainty in the specific risk reduction potentials. The updated model resulted in lower estimates of impact than the model used in the previous opinion. A 3‐log10 reduction in broiler caecal concentrations was estimated to reduce the relative EU risk of human campylobacteriosis attributable to broiler meat by 58% compared to an estimate larger than 90% in the previous opinion. Expert Knowledge Elicitation was used to rank control options, for weighting and integrating different evidence streams and assess uncertainties. Medians of the relative risk reductions of selected control options had largely overlapping probability intervals, so the rank order was uncertain: vaccination 27% (90% probability interval (PI) 4–74%); feed and water additives 24% (90% PI 4–60%); discontinued thinning 18% (90% PI 5–65%); employing few and well‐trained staff 16% (90% PI 5–45%); avoiding drinkers that allow standing water 15% (90% PI 4–53%); addition of disinfectants to drinking water 14% (90% PI 3–36%); hygienic anterooms 12% (90% PI 3–50%); designated tools per broiler house 7% (90% PI 1–18%). It is not possible to quantify the effects of combined control activities because the evidence‐derived estimates are inter‐dependent and there is a high level of uncertainty associated with each.
Monitoring Landscape‐Scale Ponderosa Pine Restoration Treatment Implementation and Effectiveness

We evaluated landscape‐scale forest restoration treatment implementation and effectiveness in meeting objectives in a ponderosa pine forest at Mt. Trumbull, Arizona, U.S.A. The goal of the project was to alter forest structure by thinning and burning to more closely resemble forest conditions prior to Euro‐American settlement in 1870. We measured 117 permanent plots before (1996/1997) and after (2003) treatments. The plots were evenly distributed across the landscape (approximately 1,200 ha), about half of which was an untreated control. We evaluated treatment implementation and effectiveness based on 1870 structure and/or goals outlined by managers. The success of treatment implementation varied: about 94% of the area originally planned for restoration was treated in some manner by 2003, but only 70% received the full planned treatment (thin and burn). Although density of ponderosa pines >2.5 cm was reduced significantly by 66% from approximately 429 pines/ha to approximately 146 pines/ha in the treated area, the targeted residual density was exceeded by 111–256% (all plots) or 10–85% (thinned and burned plots). Thirteen percent of the pre‐settlement pines died in the treated area by 2003, but 9% percent also died in the control, indicating that pre‐settlement pines in untreated areas were nearly as vulnerable as those exposed to restoration treatments. Large snags increased 45%, and 65% of logs >50 cm were retained, achieving implementation goals. Although restoration treatments were not implemented totally to specifications, they were effective in attaining the overall project goal of restoring more open forest structure while preserving more than 75% of the pre‐settlement pines. Canopy fuel loads were substantially reduced, allowing for the reintroduction of surface fires.
Protein Kinase C-ζ Regulates Transcription of the Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Induced by IL-1 and TNF-α in Glioma Cells via NF-κB*

The regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in glioma cells is one of the key processes in tumor invasion through the brain extracellular matrix. Although some studies have demonstrated the implication of classic protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in the regulation of MMP-9 production by phorbol esters or lipopolysaccharide, the involvement of specific PKC isoforms in the signaling pathways leading to MMP-9 expression by inflammatory cytokines remains unclear. Here we report that the atypical PKC-ζ isoform participates in the induction of MMP-9 expression by interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rat C6 glioma cells. Indeed, zymography and semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis showed that pretreatment of C6 cells with PKC-ζ pseudosubstrate abolished MMP-9 activity and gene expression induced by IL-1 or TNF-α. Accordingly, IL-1 and TNF-α were able to induce PKC-ζ activity, as demonstrated by in vitro kinase assay using immunoprecipitated PKC-ζ. Furthermore, stable C6 clones overexpressing PKC-ζ, but not PKC-ε, displayed an up-regulation of MMP-9 constitutive expression as well as an increase ofmmp-9 promoter activity. These processes were inhibited by an NF-κB-blocking peptide and completely prevented by NF-κB-binding site mutation in the mmp-9 promoter. Taken together, these results indicate that PKC-ζ plays a key role in the regulation of MMP-9 expression in C6 glioma cells through NF-κB.
The giant myelinated nerve fibres of the prawn

Evidence is given that the median and lateral longitudinal giant myelinated fibres in the central nervous system of the prawn Leander serratus are syncitial structures, each formed by the fusion of the processes of many segmental nerve cells. Septa are found at intervals in the axoplasm of the median fibres, but they never completely transect it. They are probably relics of a condition similar to that in the earthworm where the giant fibre running the length of the cord is formed of a chain of segmental syncitial axons each divided from its neighbour by a complete septum which presumably functions as a synapse. The motor giant fibres, which are segmental and pass out of the central nervous system to the muscles, are the processes of single cells: the axoplasms of the two fibres of the pair in each segment undergo complete fusion with each other and then redivision before leaving the central nervous system. These motor giant fibres are non-myelinated within the central nervous system, although as great in diameter as other heavily myelinated fibres. They are myelinated outside the central nervous system. In the prawn therefore myelin sheath thickness is not an invariable function of axon diameter. The lateral giant-fibre synapses show complete axoplasmic discontinuity and their structure does not support Johnson’s creation of a new category of synaptic relations. Two types of synapses between fibres are described. In the first, found in the lateral giant-fibre chain, two myelinated fibres lie closely side by side for a considerable distance, but their neuroplasms are separated by a myelin layer except over an extent of less than 10μ. In the second type, found at the point of contact of both the median and lateral fibres with the motor fibres, a myelinated fibre has synaptic connexions with a large non-myelinated fibre through many fine axonic processes which pass out through a small gap in the myelin sheath.