Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Physiology of Digestion in Sisor rabdophorus HAMILTON

Sisor rabdophorus HAMILTON (Suborder, Siluroidei; family, Sisoridae) has been deseribed as an ugly and deformed fish by CUVIER and VALENCIENNES (1840) due to its peculiar shape. A very long upper caudal filament and the presence of a row of bony scutes on the back make it conspicuous and indeed unique among the Indian fresh water fishes. Sisor has a very restricted distribution being confined to a few tributaries of the main rivers of North India and Pakistan, mainly at the foot of the hills where the , current may be fast but not too deep and the bottom is sandy . It tries to find a sheltered place where the water current is rather slow. It is essentially a bottom , dweller and invariably keeps to sandy bottom; juveniles are found hiding below the stones on sandy bottom. It rises to the surface only when absolutely necessary. It, perhaps originated in South China during Upper Eocene and spread at a later period, probably in early Pleistocene. It must have evolved from the same generalised stock of Bagarid fishes as have given rise to other cat fishes such as Schilbedae, Clariidae etc. During the early Pleistocene, a major upheaval of the Himalayas had , occured and left the Pleistocene foredeep . Along this foredeep, the early stock of Sisor must have spread westwards. It appears that Sisor could not tolerate the strains and stress of that period and found its habitat disturbed every now and then by the frequent tectonic movements. It was thus forced to descend to a more . congenial environment. This sudden evacuation naturally affected the population of
Étude de la pathogenèse des infections à Escherichia coli de type attachant et effaçant chez le porc

The ileal in vitro organ culture (IVOC) model using tissues originating from colostrum-deprived newborn piglets has proven to be an effective way to study the attaching and effacing (A/E) phenotype of porcine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) ex vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of intimin subtype and Tir in adherence of EPEC and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), isolated from different animal species, to porcine intestinal IVOC. Moreover, the role of intimin in Tir-independent adherence of the human EPEC strain E2348/69 was investigated using intimin and Tir deficient derivatives. Our results demonstrated that A/E E. coli strains (AEEC) from various animal species and humans induce the A/E phenotype in porcine ileal IVOC, and that intimin subtype influences intestinal adherence and tropism of AEEC strains. We also showed that a tir mutant of EPEC strain E2348/69 demonstrates close adherence to the epithelial cells of porcine ileal IVOC segments, with microvillous effacement but with no evidence of actin polymerization or pedestal formation, and that intimin seems to be involved in this phenotype. Overall, this study provides further evidence for the existence of one or more host cell-encoded intimin receptor(s) in the pig gut.
Twenty-five new conidial fungi from the Western Ghats and the Andaman Islands (India)

Tw enty-five new taxa o f conidial fungi are described and illustrated from forest litter in the W estern Ghats in southern India, and from the Andaman Islands. They include the new anam orph-genera Vanakripa and Xenoheteroconium , and new species o f A n a v ir g a , A r th r in iu m , B a h u s u tr a b e e ja , B e l t r a n ia , Cheiropolyschem a, Craspedodidymum, Cryptophiale, D ictyochaeta, D ischloridium , Fusichalara, H yphopolynem a , K osterm ansinda, Phialosporostilbe, Phragm otrichum , P iricaudiopsis, Selenodriella , Spadicoides , Sporidesm iopsis, Sporoschisma and Uberispora. In addition, new com binations are made in Craspedodidym um , D ictyochaeta , and Sporidesm iopsis. KEY W ORDS: anam orphs, conidial fungi, hyphom ycetes, taxonom y, new taxa, biodiversity , India, litter decom position. IN T R O D U C T IO N During surveys of tropical m icrofungi from the forests o f the W estern Ghat hills in southw estern India, and from the Andam an Islands, num erous conidial fungi (dikaryom ycotan anam orphs) were collected on plant litter. Among them were a substantial num ber o f undescribed taxa.
Microbiological Quality of Different Fresh Meat Species in Tunisian Slaughterhouses and Markets.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the bacterial contamination level of fresh meat from four different (meat samples) animal species, namely bovine, ovine, poultry, and equine (270 carcasses) collected in various Tunisian slaughterhouses and markets. The level of contamination was assessed using the excised skin technique. All meat surface samples were analyzed for total aerobic microflora, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli as an indicator of fecal contamination. Regardless of animal species considered, counts were relatively high for fresh prepared meat. The mean level of contamination for all the meat samples varied from 5.104 to 3.105 CFU/cm2 for total aerobic mesophilic microflora, from 2.102 to 2.103 CFU/cm2 for total coliforms, from 4.101 to 2.102 for fecal coliforms and from 101 to 102 for E. coli . Ovine and poultry carcasses had the highest contamination level. The highest contamination levels were obtained from carcasses prepared in a municipal slaughterhouse and from local markets, where handling and storage conditions were often inappropriate. In this particular case, the total aerobic microflora count reached levels as high as 106 CFU/cm2.
Factors involved in the formation of two precursors of dimethylsulfide during malting

L-Methionine S-methyltransferase (SMM synthetase) was found to be present in barley, and its activity increased almost two-fold during germination. The level of this enzyme in barley was positively correlated with the levels of S-methylmethionine (SMM) in green malt (r = 0.79, P ≤ 0.01), kilned malt (r = 0.85, P ≤ 0.01), and the level of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in kilned malt (r = 0.76, P ≤ 0.05). SMM primarily was synthesized during germination. The level of SMM in green malt seemed to determine the level of SMM (r = 0.97, P ≤ 0.005) and DMSO (r = 0.80, P ≤ 0.01) in kilned malt. Barley genotype, row type, and malt modification also were major factors associated with the levels of SMM and DMSO in malt. Steeping and germination temperature influenced the synthesis and levels of SMM in green malt, but kilning temperature determined the final levels of SMM and DMSO in malt. SMM started to degrade into dimethylsulfide (DMS) at 70°C. DMSO formation began at the same time. SMM was almost completely degraded at 110°C, while levels of DMSO increased under these higher temperatures. It was concluded that the level of SMM synthetase activity in barley determined the level of SMM in green malt, which in turn influenced the concentrations of both SMM and DMSO in kilned malt.
Sequence Homology and Epitope Prediction of 37 kDa Outer Membrane Protein H(ompH) Gene of Pasteurella Multocida Type B Isolate from Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT)

Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS), in Indonesia known as Ngorok disease is a fatal acute septicemia disease in cattle and buffalo caused by Pasteurella multocida. Outer membrane Protein H (OmpH) is one of the major proteins in P. multocida envelope has been purified and characterized as porin immunodominant. The aim of this study is to find out the homology of nucleotide sequence of 37 kDa OmpH gene of P. multocida of local isolate from NTT with vaccine strain (Katha) and 5 referen isolates and predict the epitope of 37 kDa OmpH gene. Detection of 37 kDa OmpH gene was done using PCR. Homology analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences was performed on the BLAST program at NCBI. Epitope prediction of 37 kDa OmpH genes P. multocida from NTT and vaccine strains was performed using the online programme B Cell Epitope Prediction Tools. The results showed that 37 kDa OmpH gene of P. multocida from NTT has 99% homology to vaccine strain (Katha) and isolates from China, Iran, India, Mesir, and 89% homology to isolate from USA and 37 kDa OmpH gene of P. multocida local isolate from NTT were likely to be immunogen candidates based on B cell epitope that had 11 epitopes. These findings indicate that P. multocida local isolate from NTT has a chance as immunogen candidate, which can be developed as a vaccine candidate and diagnostic kit for HS.
Egg surface decontamination with bronopol increases larval survival of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Intensive tilapia egg incubation techniques create favourable conditions for microbial prolifera - tion which often leads to massive mortalities of fish larvae. The effects of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) eggs exposure to bronopol on decontamination of their bacterial surface and survival of larvae were observed. Immersion treatments of fertilized eggs were applied at 10, 25, 50, 100, and 250 mg/l of bronopol for 10, 20, and 30 min. This treatment substantially reduced the number of bacteria on Nile tilapia eggs. The greatest reduc - tion in bacterial numbers (1.58 × 10 3 colony forming units/g of egg) was observed at the maximum treatment dosage, i.e. 250 mg/l for 30 min, but this was not significant when compared with treatments of 100-250 mg/l bronopol for 10-30 min. Treatments of 50-250 mg/l bronopol provided better larval survival (89.33-94.67%) than those of < 50 mg/l ( P < 0.05). The larval survival obtained from the Nile tilapia eggs disinfected with 10 and 25 mg/l bronopol for 10-30 min was similar to that of negative controls (79.33-80.97%). Additional in vitro test was performed to determine the inhibitory potency of bronopol against bacteria cultured from fertilized Nile tilapia eggs. Twenty-two bacterial isolates ( Aeromonas hydrophila (n = 12), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 6), Escherichia coli (n = 2), and Micrococcus spp. (n = 2)) responded to minimum inhibitory concentrations of bronopol ranging from 64 to 128 µg/ml. The study demonstrates that the immersion treatment of Nile tilapia fertilized eggs with 250 mg/l for 10-30 min, the concentration proven effective against bacteria cultured from fertilized eggs, significantly reduced bacterial load and improved larval survival.
Glufosinate Efficacy on Annual Weeds Is Influenced by Rate and Growth Stage

Field experiments were conducted in 1993, 1994, and 1995 to determine the effects of glufosinate rate and application timing on giant foxtail, common lambsquarters, common cocklebur, and Pennsylvania smartweed control in absence of a crop. Glufosinate at 140 g ai/ha controlled less than 80% of the weed species evaluated. When glufosinate rate was increased to 420 g/ha and applied to 10-cm giant foxtail, control was greater than 80% all 3 yr of the study. Applications made to 10-cm plants resulted in 80% or greater control for common cocklebur all 3 yr and Pennsylvania smartweed 2 of the 3 yr with 420 and 560 g/ha, respectively. Common lambsquarters was the most tolerant species evaluated and was not consistently controlled acceptably (> 80%), even with glufosinate at rates of 560 g/ha. Control with glufosinate at 420 or 560 g/ha was most effective when applied at the 10-cm weed height compared either to the 5- or 15-cm weed height.
Assessing Potential of Iranian Chicory Genotypes for Industrial Application

Chicory (Cichoriumintybus L.) is an important industrial crop which is used for inulin production. Inulin is widely applied as food ingredient due to its health promoting properties. For the first time, attempts were made to investigate thirteen endemic chicory genotypes including three pumilum populations, along with five root chicory cultivars, four witloof chicory varieties and a crispum endive to find their phylogenic relationships based on some diagnostic morphological traits as well as comparing their fresh root yield, total carbohydrate content as indicator of inulin percentage, and inulin yield in RCBD with three replications, 2013-14. In general, with the exception of Firizi landrace which was classified in C. intybus class, the other endemic genotypes exhibited the maximum similarity with C. endivia, as all formed a monophyletic clade. The highest inulin yield was obtained for ‘Orchies’, after that for ‘Schepens’, ‘Tilda’ and ‘Hera’, respectively, due to firstly their higher root yield and secondly their high inulin percentage. On the whole, fault of flowering at the first year of life cycle of endemic genotypes made intensive selection and breeding of Iranian genotypes for bolting resistance priority work before applying them to build root chicory varieties
Physicochemical and microbial properties of nanopowdered peanut sprout-supplemented Caciocavallo-like cheese during ripening

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical and microbial properties of nanopowdered peanut sprout-supplemented Caciocavallo-like cheese (NPSCC) during ripening at 14 °C for 6 weeks. The total phenol contents and lactic acid bacteria counts in NPSCC were significantly higher than those in the control, indicating that nanopowdered peanut sprout could potentially be used as a prebiotic and potential source of dietary antioxidants in the dairy products. Thiobarbituric acid values of the cheese were significantly decreased and the production of short-chain free fatty was not significantly different when nanopowdered peanut sprout was added into the production of Caciocavallo-like cheese.
AFNI and Clustering: False Positive Rates Redux

In response to reports of inflated false positive rate (FPR) in FMRI group analysis tools, a series of replications, investigations, and software modifications were made to address this issue. While these investigations continue, significant progress has been made to adapt AFNI to fix such problems. Two separate lines of changes have been made. First, a long-tailed model for the spatial correlation of the FMRI noise characterized by autocorrelation function (ACF) was developed and implemented into the 3dClustSim tool for determining the cluster-size threshold to use for a given voxel-wise threshold. Second, the 3dttest++ program was modified to do randomization of the voxel-wise t-tests and then to feed those randomized t-statistic maps into 3dClustSim directly for cluster-size threshold determination-without any spatial model for the ACF. These approaches were tested with the Beijing subset of the FCON-1000 data collection. The first approach shows markedly improved (reduced) FPR, but in many cases is still above the nominal 5%. The second approach shows FPRs clustered tightly about 5% across all per-voxel p-value thresholds ≤ 0.01. If t-tests from a univariate GLM are adequate for the group analysis in question, the second approach is what the AFNI group currently recommends for thresholding. If more complex per-voxel statistical analyses are required (where permutation/randomization is impracticable), then our current recommendation is to use the new ACF modeling approach coupled with a per-voxel p-threshold of 0.001 or below. Simulations were also repeated with the now infamously “buggy” version of 3dClustSim: the effect of the bug on FPRs was minimal (of order a few percent).
Characteristics of Florida grasshopper sparrow nests

-We examined nests of the endangered Florida Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarumfloridanus) on the U.S. Air Force Avon Park Range, Highlands County, Flonrda. Nests (n = 20) were located on the ground in shallow ('3.2 cm) excavations in the sand substrate. All were domed (>50% of the cup covered) and made of grass and grass-like monocots. Most (75%) were shielded by a low ( 0.05). Vegetation density was significantly lower in the nest opening quadrant than in other quadrants (P = 0.003). An exposed area at the nest opening would facilitate access and make predator distraction displays more visible. Received 24 May 1997, accepted 4 Oct. 1997. The Florida Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum floridanus) is an endangered subspecies endemic to the south-central prairie region of the state (Fed. Reg. 1986). Basic information on nesting ecology is needed to develop and implement conservation strategies for the sparrow (USFWS 1988). Nest location, structure, and orientation may have important implications for reproductive success and population stability. Previous descriptions have been anecdotal (Howell 1932, Nicholson 1936). In this paper we present data on the placement, composition, dimensions, and orientation of Florida Grasshopper Sparrow nests. STUDY AREA AND METHODS Data were collected during 20 May 1993-31 July 1996 on the U.S. Air Force Avon Park Range, Highlands County, Florida. The study area was a 700 ha grass, shrub, and saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) plant community described by Delany et al. (1985). The prairie was burned with head fires (bumed with the wind) between December and mid-March on a 2-3
Effects of pyrolysis temperature and residence time on physicochemical properties of different biochar types

ABSTRACT Here we selected eight types of feedstocks to assess the effects of pyrolysis temperature (300°C, 400°C, 500°C and 600°C) and residence time (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h), respectively, on the physicochemical properties. The fixed-carbon content, pH value and amount of basic functional groups in biochars increased as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 300°C to 600°C; the opposite trend was found in the biochar yield, adsorption capacity and amount of acidic functional groups. Increasing the residence time at low pyrolysis temperature (300°C) resulted in a gradual reduction in the biochar yield and progressive increase in the pH and iodine adsorption number of biochars. However, increasing the residence time at high pyrolysis temperature (600°C) had little effect on the biochar yield or pH, while it decreased the iodine adsorption number of biochars. Given the effects of pyrolysis conditions on the pH and iodine adsorption number of biochars, low-ash agricultural wastes (e.g. wheat straw) can be pyrolysed at 300°C, 2 h to produce biochar for improving alkaline soils; high-ash agricultural wastes (e.g. sweet potato vine) and forest litter (e.g. fresh leaves of apricot tree) are preferably pyrolysed at 300°C, 4 h to produce biochar for use in acidic soils.
Growth Aspects of Giant Mantis Shrimp Harpiosquilla raphidea Fabricius, 1798 Banten Bay Waters, Banten Province

The study aims to assess the distribution of population structure, length-weight relationship, condition factor, growth parameters and exploitation rate of giant mantis shrimp ( Harpiosquilla raphidea ). This research was conducted in Banten bay waters, Province of Banten, from December 2011 to December 2012 and partially carried out periodically. The length was measured from the tip of the rostrum to the end of telson using a vernier caliper and the weight was measured to the nearest 0.01g using an electronic balance. The result shows in differently in group size distribution and is totally clear between the mantis shrimp which was caught in Banten bay and in Kuala Tungkal, Province of Jambi. The growth aspect of mantis shrimp has the same relative relations of length and weight between male and female shrimp as a pattern of allometric growth (-). In general, the rate of H.raphidea mantis shrimp growth is almost the same and has not much different from other mantis shrimp of the Stomatopods ordo, but it has a slightly longer life span which is 5.6 years to 6.7 years. The value of growth (K) of female shrimp is higher than the male due to the growth of gonadal and their reproductive organs, but from the condition factor the female shrimps obtain higher scores than the males, it means that the weight is also influenced by the gonads and reproductive organs of the female mantis shrimp. The value growth (L ∞) measured between male and female at the same range of 369.08 mm.
Scanning electron microscopy of the proboscidial papillae of some European Glyceridae

The proboscidial papillae are one of the major identification characters in Glyceridae. Due to their small size, light microscopy very often does not show their full details. Therefore, the proboscidial papillae of five European species of the Glyceridae are described using scanning electron microscopy. All five species show typical papillae with species-specific structures. Glycera tridactyla can be distinguished from G. alba by the size and structure of the respective fingernail papillae. Thus, the proboscidial papillae provide a reliable character for species identification when studied by scanning electron microscopy.
Developments in sampling the fauna of deep water-table aquifers

From 1993 to 1995, we tested four pressure pumps in the field, a centrifugal pump, an air-lift, an inertial pump, and a pneumatic pump, all of which could be used to remove groundwater invertebrates from deep water-table aquifers (i.e., with a groundwater table deeper than about 8 m below the ground surface). Changes in invertebrate abundance, relative abundance of taxa, and recovery of additional taxa during pumping were investigated to evaluate the sampling performance of the pumps. The centrifugal pump tested during this study damaged most macro-invertebrates to such an extent that they could not be identified. Therefore, it could be used only for the sampling of meiofauna. With the inertial and air-lift pumps, biological abundance decreased at the early stage of pumping and changes in the abundances of meiofauna and macrofauna were different. Because of this, these two sampling devices might be efficient in removing the invertebrates only in the immediate vicinity of the well and are, moreover, likely to generate preferential removal of taxa showing low resistance to displacement by the current. In contrast, the pneumatic pump was a powerful suction device capable of removing all the taxa without damaging them and appeared to be a promising pumping technique for the faunal sampling of deep water-table aquifers.
Evaluation of some plants for potential dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory effects in vitro

Abstract Objective: Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is a serine amino (exo) peptidase which regulates various processes most notably plasma glucose homeostasis by cleaving incretin peptide hormones as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulin releasing polypeptide (GIP). Realization of the inhibition of this enzyme in controlling diabetes is one of the strategies adopted in recent years. The present study was designed to investigate the DPP IV inhibitory effects of sixteen plant having antidiabetic property in aqueous extracts in correlation with their protein content. Methods: In vitro DPP IV inhibition was evaluated by the specific inhibitory activity of plant aqueous extracts prepared without and with heat (60°C) treatment. Results: Among the tested plants Vitis vinifera L. , Artemisia dracunculus L. , Prunus laurocerasus L. , Rubus caesius L. and Olea europaea L. extracts showed DPP IV inhibitory activity with respect to IC50 values of 0.04-0.09 mg protein/ml. Kinetic analysis indicated that the inhibitor potency of A. dracunculus extract was stronger than the other extracts. Conclusion: The present study is the first report on screening and preliminary characterization of DPP IV inhibitory activity in aqueous extracts of selected antidiabetic medicinal food. This study could provide a new insight into DPP IV inhibitors from plants that could be useful for treatment of Type 2 diabetes.