Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marine Ecology Progress Series 570:141

In species with complex life cycles, laboratory studies have shown that variations in the traits of settling larvae can affect post-settlement survival and influence recruitment and benthic− pelagic coupling. However, we still know little about the magnitude and spatial scale of natural trait variation. We studied spatial variation in body size and nutritional reserves (carbon, nitrogen and lipids) of settled cyprids of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides along the coast of West Scotland. We quantified variation among regions (north vs. south: range ~700 km), locations (~50 km), shores (~10 km) and within shores (~10 m). We also evaluated trait responses to gradients in chlorophyll and shore openness and compared swimming vs. settled cyprids in order to infer the likely influence of costs of substratum search on trait variation. Variability between regions was large, with higher trait values (e.g. carbon cyprid−1: 35 to 50% higher) in the north. Most traits correlated negatively with pelagic chlorophyll a (a proxy for larval/juvenile food availability); this counter-gradient pattern suggests an adaptive role of increased reserves, buffering benthic juveniles from low food availability during the critical early post-settlement period. Body size and nitrogen content correlated positively with shore openness; lower than expected carbon content suggest increased costs of substratum search on open shorelines. Higher nitrogen content but lower percent carbon was found in settled vs. swimming larvae, suggesting costs of sub stratum search at the time of settlement. Overall, we uncovered the spatial scales at which trait variation, shaped by pelagic processes, can affect post-metamorphic survival, recruitment and benthic−pelagic coupling.
Delft University of Technology Impact of Automated Highway Autopilot on the Average Network Travel Times and Total Distance Travelled

Allowing Level 4 Automated Vehicles (AVs) to drive on highways could potentially have an impact on the road network performance. Although it might probably take a while before AVs are on the road, National Road Authorities (NRAs) are already concerned about understanding what changes would be required on their current infrastructure to make it ready for AVs. In this study, we simulate part of the highway network in the Netherlands, the region of Rotterdam The Hague, to investigate the impact of AVs on the network performance in terms of network travel times and distances travelled. Results allow us to conclude that 50% AVs (Level 4) result in an increase in distance travelled on highways but a decrease in the total network travel times and corresponding delays.
HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS OF HEMATITE

Monodisperse Hematite nanostructures of varying shapes and sizes have been produced via hydrothermal synthesis. The influence of the concentration of precipitating agent (NaOH) as well as the presence of foreign anions, on the size and morphology of Hematite synthesised were studied. Under varying [NaOH], Hematite (α-Fe2O3) and Goethite (α-FeOOH) were obtained. At higher supersaturation, Ferrihydrite, a less-stable intermediate, first nucleated. Hematite converted from Ferrihydrite through an aggregation-dehydration-rearrangement mechanism; Goethite converted from Ferrihydrite via dissolution-reprecipitation. At lower supersaturation, it is proposed that the Hematite formed from forced hydrolysis of the ferric nitrate solution. It has been shown that anions control Hematite crystal growth by adsorbing preferentially on certain crystallographic planes, resulting in anisotropic crystal growth. In the presence of SO4 2, rhombohedral crystals were obtained at lower [SO4 2] while pseudocubic crystals were obtained at higher [SO4 2]. In the presence of PO4 3, ellipsoidal crystals were obtained with crystal growth clearly restricted in directions normal to the c-axis. The magnetic properties of the crystals synthesised were also studied. Coercivity of the particles was found to increase proportionally with size and vary with different morphologies. High coercivity to particle size ratios suggest potential applications in media recording and information storage devices.
Gender Differences in Motor Coordination and Physical Activity

The research highlights gender differences in gross motor coordination. Preadolescence is the best time for motor skill interventions. Good motor coordination indicates an increased physical activity in children. The purpose of this study was to know the differences of motor coordination and physical activity levels based on gender. School children consisted of 95 males (10.57 years) and 105 females (10.36 years) participated in this study. Weight status, height, and percentage of body fat were objectively measured by using standardized protocols to compare anthropometric characteristics. Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder (KTK) was used to assess gross motor coordination, while physical activity levels were assessed by Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children. Statistical analysis used an independent sample t-test (Mann Whitney U test if not normally distributed) to analyse gender differences. The results showed that body mass index was almost similar in both groups. There were significant differences in motor coordination between boys and girls (p < 0.05). The mean motor quotients KTK (MQ KTK) of boys (83.34) was significantly higher than girls (72.39). Boys outperformed girls on hopping height, moving sideways, and jumping sideways. Only for walking backward girls were similar to boys. Physical activity was significantly different in both gender (p < 0.05). Girls were less active than boys. There were gender differences in gross motor coordination and physical activity levels in children. There is a need for better motor skill interventions in girls.
Nanodelivery of cerebrolysin induces profound neuroprotection in heat stroke following chronic hypertension in combination with SiO2 and carbon nanoparticles induced exacerbation of brain damage

Military personals are often exposed to combat stress induced hypertension in an environment rich in various nanoparticles (NPs) emanating from different sources e.g., gun powder explosion or blast injuries. Furthermore, combat or peacekeeping activity in the Middle East region also exposes them to high environmental heat and silica dust. Thus, it is quite likely that all these combinations of hypertension, silica dust (SiO2 NPs) and carbon NPs following missile explosion or blast injuries in desert high heat lead to exacerbation of brain damage following heat stroke. This suggests that hypertension and/or NPs exposure in high environmental heat is dangerous for our soldiers as a combination of these factors may induce brain dysfunction and damage along with functional disturbances. In this innovation we have shown that a combination of hypertension, SiO2 NPs and carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) at hot environment aggravates brain damage. In this complex situations TiO2-nanowired delivery of multimodal drugs e.g., cerebrolysin is needed to contain neuronal damage and restoring the functional disturbances effectively.
Pressure Ulcer Surface Area and Volume Response to Gallium-Arsenide Laser

This study has been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the Gallium Aluminum Arsenide (Ga-As) laser in accelerating pressure ulcers healing. Methods of evaluation (wound surface area and wound volume). Methods:Thirty patients (16 males and 14 females) with complete or incomplete spinal cord injury patients and complain from pressure ulcers were randomly divided into two groups. Group (A) received Ga-As laser plus the regular wound care, duration of treatment was 10 minutes daily for two months. Group (B) (Control group) received only the regular wound care. Results:Result showed that the Ga-As laser was effective in decreasing ulcer surface area and ulcer volume as well as improving healing of pressure ulcers. Conclusion: Ga-As laser was effective in accelerating pressure ulcer healing.
Electronic Band Structure of Solar Cell Material by Range Separated Hybrid Theory

In this paper we report the electronic structure calculations of cubic chalcopyrite CuGaSe2 using density functional theory, within various exchange and correlation operators of linear combination of atomic orbitals method. The chalcopyrite results in a direct-gap semiconductor with valence band maximum and the conduction band minimum at the  point of irreducible Brillouin zone. Index Terms Solar Cell Materials; Band Structural Calculations; Density Functional Theory _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Immunostimulatory and growth-promoting potential of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings culture

In the current study, the effect of dietary supplementation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, body composition, nonspecific immune response and diseases resistance of rainbow trout fingerlings were investigated. Five hundred and fifty-two healthy fingerlings (8.2±1.0 g) were randomly distributed in 12 tanks (150 L) at a density of 46 fish/ tank and fed different levels of dietary PHB (0, 0.5, 1 and 2%) for 70 days. At the end of the experiment, the results showed that PHB affected growth performance and the fish fed 0.5 and 1% PHB diets had a significant higher weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) than the control ( p <0.05). The specific activity for total protease and amylase in 1% PHB was significantly higher than that of both the control and 2% PHB ( p <0.05). In addition, PHB significantly affected the muscle fatty acids profile but did not change protein and lipid content. Also, our results indicated that 1 and 2% PHB markedly decreased cumulative mortality of the fingerlings challenged by Yersinia ruckeri infection. Overall, the results of this experiment revealed that PHB acts as a growth promoter and immunostimulator in rainbow trout fingerlings and the optimal PHB level in trout diet was estimated at 1% PHB.
Pathology of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in naturally infected layer birds

Sixty five commercial layer farms with lesions suggestive of respiratory problem were investigated during the study period from May 2014 to April 2015 to evaluate the pathology of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in laying chicken. Mycoplasma gallisepticum was confirmed through PCR in 36 out of 65 farms. The positive farms were examined for gross and histopathological changes in tissues like trachea, lungs, air sacs and liver. The highest incidence of MG infection occurred during the winter season. Grossly, MG affected birds showed catarrhal inflammation of trachea and bronchi, slight pneumonic changes in lungs, cloudiness, air sacculitis and caseous exudate in thoracic air sacs, congestion and haemorrhages in lungs, caseous mass in both thoracic and abdominal air sacs. Histopathologically, focal destruction of superficial cells, goblet cell formation, hyperplasia of mucosal epithelium, submucosal infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages along with haemorrhagic areas were observed in the trachea. Lungs revealed interstitial haemorrhages, parabronchiolar oedema, mucosal hyperplasia of secondary bronchiole and interstitial pneumonia characterized by thickening of interstitium. Air sacs showed epithelial destruction and increased thickening due to proliferation of submucosal connective tissue with congested blood vessels and neovascularization. This study proved that MG infection occurs severely among laying chicken causing more economic loss to the farmers.
EFFECT OF GABOB IN THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS WITH H. PYLORI AND NSAIDS TREATMENT

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAID) are the major causes of gastric-disorders. Oral GABAtreatment down-regulates inflammatory-responses in rheumatoidarthritis (RA) models. We investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of oral-ingestion of GABOB in dyspeptic-patients with RA and NSAID intake to establish if Hp-colonization contributes to the association between NSAID and peptic damage. 26 patients with RA who took NSAIDs and dyspepticsymptoms were recruited. Patients were tested for Hp-infection. TNF-α, TGF-α, TGF-β, IL10, IL-8, NO expression and secretion were determined in antrum-duodenum biopsy and plasma before-after GABOB-treatment. Immohistochemistry and Sydney evaluation were also conducted. Severity of dyspepsia assessment (SODA) test was applied. Ten patients
Generalized Model of Chip Formation

Metal cutting, or simply machining, is one of the oldest processes for shaping the components in the manufacturing industry. It is estimated that 15% of the value of all mechanical components manufactured worldwide is derived from machining operations. However, despite its obvious economic and technical importance, machining remains one of the least understood manufacturing operations due to the low predictive ability of the machining models [1,2].
Protective and curative effects of Panax ginseng aqueous crude extract on biochemical changes of BALB/c mice exposed to Aflatoxins

The current study was designed to investigate the protective and curative effects of Panax ginseng aqueous crude extract (PACE) against the changing of liver enzymes and some renal functions, induced by aflatoxins exposure in vivo. Aflatoxins (AFs) increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) the levels of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Blood Urea, Serum Uric Acid and Serum Creatinine in mice orally administrated with 9 mg/kg b. w crude extraction of AFs. Whereas the levels of Bilirubin showed different values in all groups ranging from 0.29 mg/dl to 0.45 mg/dl which were in normal range (0.17-1 mg/dl). The mice were pretreated with 150, 100, and 50 mg/kg b. w doses of PACE orally for ten consecutive days, led to significant reductions in levels of the parameters which were studied (100 mg/kg b. w was near to the normal values in a significant manner, whereas 50mg/kg b. w was appeared nonsignificant result (p ≥ 0.05) with uric acid). Furthermore, post-treated mice with same doses of PACE orally for twenty one consecutive days revealed a significant result at 150 mg/kg b. w more than 100 mg/kg b. w, however the third concentration gave non-significant results (p ≥ 0.05).
Occupational Licensing and Immigrants

This study examines the incidence and impact of occupational licensing on immigrants using two sources of data: the Current Population Survey and the Survey of Income and Program Participation. We find that immigrants are significantly less likely to have a license than similar natives and that this gap is largest for men, workers in the highest education level, and nonnaturalized immigrants. The licensing rate increases with years since migration and shows large variation by immigrants’ region of origin. A lack of English proficiency reduces the probability that an immigrant has a license. The wage premium from having a license is much larger for immigrants than natives, though this may in part reflect licensing status proxying for English-language ability.
Comparison between urethrostomy and penile resection for treatment of congenital penile urethral dilatation in calves

A clinical study was conducted under field condition during the period from January 2005 to December 2008 in Beni-Suef province on a total number of 15 calves suffered from congenital penile urethral dilatation at the perineal region. The affection was diagnosed and treated surgically under field condition and treatment included perineal urethrostomy (8 calves) and partial resection of penis including the dilated urethra (7 calves). Results revealed that duration of surgery for urethrostomy was shorter (mean 36.25 minutes) than penile resection (mean 85.71 minutes), bleeding was so extensive in penile resection group than urethrostomy one and cost of surgery was lower for urethrostomy than penile resection but aftercare cost was twice that of penile resection. Complications were higher in urethrostomy group, recovery period was nearly the same in both groups (14.37 and 14.28 days), mean body gain was higher in penile resection group (82 kg) than urethrostomy group (77.14 kg), and both groups considered of low quality animals at market as a result of loss of breeding capability and presence of urine scald. It could be concluded that both techniques are satisfactory but partial penile resection including the dilated urethra is superior to urethrostomy despite the higher cost and invasive surgical procedure.
The social competition test as an animal model of anxiety in triads of male wistar rats.

Stable hierarchies established in social groups of male rats during competition for limited access to a palatable resource appear to be sensitive to treatment with a range of anxiolytic and anxiogenic, but not antidepressant drugs. On the other hand, social hierarchies based on agonistic encounters are sensitive to antidepressant drug treatment. The aims of this research were to investigate the validity of the social competition test as a measure of social dominance and to examine further its sensitivity to anxiolytic/anxiogenic drug treatment and antidepressant drug/electroconvulsive shock treatment. Stable hierarchies (dominant DOM, subdominant SUBDOM, subordinate SUBORD) were maintained in 73% of the triads introduced to social competition. The validity of the test as a measure of socially mediated priority of access was assessed during periods of individual access and extended social competition. Results indicate that priority of access was indeed socially mediated although individual palatability and skill probably also contributed to the success of each rank position. Rank separation was significantly correlated with some of the behaviours displayed on the elevated plus-maze, but not with relative adrenal, spleen, thyroid or thymus weights. Acute treatment of SUBDOM animals with chlordiazepoxide (1.25-5.0 mg.kg’1), mesulergine (0.10.9 mg.kg'1) and ketanserin (0.1-0.9 mg.kg'1), but not 8-OH-DPAT (15-60 pg.kg’1) dosedependently increased their competitiveness and/or total access times although baseline variations may have masked or exaggerated some drug effects. Conversely, acute treatment with m-CPP (0.2 mg.kg’1) and venlafaxine (1.67 mg.kg’1) or administration of a single electroconvulsive shock (ECS) reduced SUBDOM access time. Acute treatment of DOM animals with m-CPP (0.08-0.5 mg.kg*1) and venlafaxine (1.67-15.0 mg.kg’1) dose-dependently reduced DOM access time and indirectly increased SUBDOM and SUBORD access time. Administration of a single ECS to DOM animals appeared to reduce DOM access over time while some SUBDOM (with prior shock experience) and SUBORD animals gained access (although no effect reached significance). Chronic treatment of SUBDOM animals with m-CPP (0.2 mg.kg'1.day'1, 14 days) failed to significantly modify SUBDOM access times, while the reduction in SUBDOM access following cessation of chronic treatment may indicate a rebound anxiogenic effect. Repeated ECS administration (8 shocks, 14 days) to SUBDOM animals resulted in a complete loss of competitiveness that failed to recover up to 2 weeks after the final shock had been delivered. These results are therefore consistent with previous findings that the social competition test appears sensitive to a range of anxiolytic and anxiogenic drug treatments (from various pharmacological classes) but not to chronic antidepressant drug or repeated ECS treatment. The utility of this social competition test as a reliable animal model of anxiety is discussed.
Factors Influencing Primary School Non-attendance among Children in North West Nigeria

This paper presents a study that investigate the effects of children, household and state factors on primary school non-attendance among children in North West Nigeria. The study uses a nationally representative dataset, the Nigerian Education Data Survey (NEDS 2010) to investigate how children, household and state factors affect primary school non-attendance among children. The data pertaining to the area under study was extracted from the NEDS 2010 dataset and prepared for analysis. The study then uses multilevel analysis to hierarchically examine the effects of children, household and state factors on primary school non-attendance in North West Nigeria. The results of the multilevel analysis showed that most of the strong determinants of primary school non-attendance was due to household factors, with parental education and wealth being the most important. The results further showed that parental education and wealth also influences other factors across children, household and state levels. The results also showed that distance to school has more influence on primary school non-attendance among state factors.
Cyber Bulling Among Learners in Higher Educational Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Examining Challenges and Possible Mitigations

Proliferation of technology in the form of internet, mobile phone and social media access and usage is exposing many youths to cyber bullying activities. Cyber bullying activities are viewed as negative consequences of growth and development in technology. Many of the victims of cyber bullying include those that have been trapped in the technology through obsessive and addictive behaviours. The study was conducted in order to understand cyber bullying in educational institutions in Sub- Saharan Africa. The study is guided by the following five objectives- understanding cyber bullying and its manifestations among learners in education institutions; explore contributing factors in education institutions; determine the prevalence of cyber bullying in education institutions; examine the effects of cyber bullying among learners in education institutions and determine ways of dealing with cyber bullying among learners in education institution. The study adopted a case study approach and involved 123 respondents with a response rate of 64% (n=192). A survey questionnaire was used to collect data. Resulting data was analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Evidence suggests that cyber bullying has serious psychological harm on the victims some leading to suicidal thoughts and suicide, among others. The study concludes that the effects of cyber bullying are far reaching and devastating to the learners and the institutional safety as well. The study recommends that more research and awareness are needed in an effort to control this menace and make outreaching and learning institutions safe.