Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of glucose homeostasis by Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV : studies on counter-regulation and long-term inhibition as diabetes therapy

The ubiquitous serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) plays a number of physiological roles including hormone inactivation and immune costimulation. Recent attention has been brought to the molecule because of its ability to cleave and inactivate the potent insulin secretagogues (incretins) glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Use of specific DP rV-inhibitors has been shown to protect the active form of these hormones in the circulation thus enhancing their effects at target tissues. In the following study we show first, that the counterregulatory hormone glucagon serves as a physiologically relevant substrate for DP IV. Also, using a model of obesity-related diabetes (fa/fa Zucker rat) and a combination of techniques (oral glucose tolerance testing, pancreas perfusion, immunohistochemistry, and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp), we show that long-term DP IV-inhibitor (P32/98) therapy ameliorates the type-2 diabetic syndrome through enhancement of both insulin sensitivity and P-cell function. Further, we reveal the applicability of long-term DP rV-inhibitor treatment towards type-1 diabetes. In a model of insulin insufficiency and post-traumatic islet plasticity (streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat), marked improvements in disease severity are shown, associated with enhancement of P-cell survival and islet neogenesis. An in vitro analysis of the anti-apoptotic potential of GIP and GLP-1 implicate the two hormones mechanistically in the in vivo findings. Also, in a model of the autoimmune progression of type-1 diabetes (the BioBreeding rat) we show both a delay and partial prevention of the disease as well as improved glucose homeostasis prior to disease onset, supporting our hypothesis of combined immunosuppression and incretin enhancement and establishing for the first time the potential for DP IV-inhibition in the treatment of type-1 diabetes. In addition to a review of the literature surrounding DP IV and glucose regulation, the findings of the present study are discussed in the context of glucose counterregulation, diabetes and autoimmunity. In summary, the work presented here identifies a novel regulatory mechanism for the effects of the counterregulatory hormone glucagon, demonstrates the benefits of long-term incretin enhancement as a therapy for type-2 diabetes, and establishes DP IV-inhibition as a unique therapeutic strategy in the treatment of type-1 diabetes.
Mental Health Supports and Young People Transitioning from Out-of-home Care in Victoria

Young people transitioning from out-of-home care (OHC) are a vulnerable group. One particular manifestation of disadvantage is poor mental health outcomes which may reflect both the traumatic effects of childhood abuse, and a lack of support on leaving care. This article presents the findings of a small qualitative study undertaken in Victoria which explored the views of OHC and mental health service providers regarding the mental health support needs of care leavers. The findings are consistent with existing research results internationally in highlighting a number of key factors that influence mental health outcomes including the impact of pre-care, in-care and transition from care experiences.
Management of uterine prolapse: is hysterectomy necessary?

Management of uterine prolapse is currently heavily influenced by patient and surgeon preferences. The traditional approach to uterine prolapse is vaginal hysterectomy. However, this does not address the underlying deficiency in connective tissue pelvic floor support, and prolapse recurrence is common. Uterine preservation surgery is increasing in popularity, both with surgeons and patients; there is currently little evidence to show superior outcome to hysterectomy. Fertility preservation remains the one absolute indication for hysteropexy. Other potential advantages include stronger apical support and reduced vaginal surgery. Colpocleisis remains a valid option for a small cohort of patients.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) Among Patients at the University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa", Tirana, Albania.

Background & objectives: The resistance of bacteria causing urinary tract infection (UTI) to commonly prescribed antibiotics is increasing both in developing as well as in developed countries. Resistance has emerged even to more potent antimicrobial agents. The primary objective of the study was 1) to detect the prevalence rate of bacterial infection among urinary isolates from patients having UTI and 2)to detect prevalence rate of drug resistance among pathogen isolate from patients having UTI. Methods: Early morning mid-stream urine samples were collected using sterile, wide mouthed container with screw cap tops. On the urine sample bottles were indicated name, age, sex, and time of collection along with requisition forms. Results: . Significant association (P<0.001) of prior use of antibiotics in males, UTI in adults, gynaecological surgery in females, obstructive uropathy in males and complicated UTI in females with the occurrence of UTI with ciprofloxacin resistant Escherichia coli was noted. Significant association was noted in females with prior antibiotics, with prior urological surgery and in males with prior complicated UTI. Fluoroquinolone resistance was found to increase with age. Interpretations & conclusions: Ciprofloxacin resistance has emerged due to its frequent use. This resistance was seen more in the in-patients, elderly males and females. Also the resistance to other antibiotics was also high. Increasing antibiotic resistance trends indicate that it is imperative to rationalize the use of antimicrobials in the community and also use these conservatively. Key words: Ciprofloxacin - Escherichia coli - minimum inhibitory concentration - urinary tract infection
EVALUATION OF THE DOOR-TO-NEEDLE TIME IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Background: Early thrombolysis with fibrinolytic therapy has reduced mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with the major effect coming from early achievement of infarct-related artery patency. This study was carried out to determine the door-to-needle time in patients undergoing fibrinolytic therapy after acute myocardial infarction and to identify factors associated with a prolonged door-to-needle time. Methods: This was a cross sectional study in which patients who were thrombolysed for AMI with streptokinase at Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, from December 12, 2008 to February 18, 2009 were included. All patients admitted with AMI, who were candidates for fibrinolysis, were included. The time of infarction and time of arrival in hospital was determined with ECG changes and asking from patient and/or relatives. The reasons for delay of arrival were asked from patient and accompanying attendants where possible. Results: A door-to-needle time of <30 min could be achieved in 110 of our 201 patients (54.72%). Mean door-to-needle time was 55.13 (±71.04) minutes. Conclusions: A door-to-needle time of less than 30 minutes in 54.72% is comparable to most contemporary studies however there is a need to look into factors associated with delay.
A importância do preparo da criança pré-escolar para a injeçäo intramuscular com o uso do brinquedo

Este trabalho e um estudo experimental que teve como objetivo verificar a frequencia da reacao da crianca pre-escolar sem preparo (grupo controle) e preparada com brinquedo (grupo experimental), antes e durante a aplicacao de vacina por via intramuscular. Os resultados mostraram que as criancas do grupo experimental apresentaram menor frequencia das reacoes referentes a procura de ajuda, reacao de pânico, expressao verbal e motora de medo, movimentacao da musculatura facial, choro prolongado, explosao de grito e rigidez muscular. As autoras reforcam a importância do uso de brinquedo no preparo de criancas para miimizar o medo e ajuda-las a enfrentar os procedimentos dolorosos. (AU)
Barriers to the publication of scientific literature by academic certified registered nurse anesthetists

Nurse anesthesia is the oldest advanced practice nursing specialty. Nurse anesthetists were authors of scholarly articles from the very beginning of the profession. In the past two scholarly journals failed, in part, due to a lack of submissions. A qualitative study, utilizing a descriptive design with content analysis, was undertaken to identify barriers to the publication of scientific literature by academic Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs). Additional information included identification of strategies to reduce barriers, rewards associated with publication, and effects of barriers on professional development. Fifteen academic CRNAs were interviewed. Interviews were recorded and verbatim transcripts were generated. Transcripts were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. Barriers to the publication of scientific literature included time, institutional, preparation, motivation, limited outlets for dissemination, and mentorship. Strategies to diminish barriers included adequate education, time, mentorship, professional support, institutional, and motivation. Effects on professional development were dependent upon institutional expectations. If writing for publication is an expectation, barriers can effect promotion and opportunities, dissemination of knowledge, and professional prestige. If not an expectation, it may limit future opportunities in academia, professional prestige, and self esteem. Rewards of publishing in the scientific literature included dissemination of knowledge, sense of accomplishment, prestige, professional rewards, and self improvement.
Adalimumab – a new TNF-α antibody for treatment of inflammatory joint disease

Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with various roles in inflammatory processes. Several TNF blockers are currently approved for use in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as in other inflammatory arthropathies. The latest of these compounds is the human monoclonal antibody, adalimumab, which was obtained using phage display technology and successfully produced in a mammalian expression system. Clinical application of this compound led to significant improvement in patients suffering from RA, both as monotherapy and in combination with various disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including methotrexate (MTX). Moreover, radiographic progression is significantly inhibited and quality of life improved. This article summarises the available information.
Preparing global minded teachers for U.S. American classrooms through international cross-cultural field experiences

Long with the call for globalization of teacher education across the United States of America, there is a growing emphasis for developing curricula aimed at preparing global minded teachers capable of working with diverse student groups. Keeping this in mind, this article discusses how teacher education programs in the U.S. have introduced international cross-cultural field experiences for future teachers, in-service teachers, and teacher educators. The article begins with a brief review of existing literature on study abroad in teacher education, provides a description of an evolving model for a study abroad program to Honduras developed by two faculty members at Purdue University, and reports on findings from four research studies on the effects of international cross-cultural field experiences on preservice teachers who participated in the Honduras study abroad program. The article concludes by calling on universities around the world to globalize teacher education programs through collaborative study abroad programs.
THE BEST IRON CHELATION THERAPY IN MAJOR THALASSEMIA PATIENTS IS COMBINATION OF DESFERRIOXAMINE AND DEFERIPRONE

Introduction: The best and effective iron chelation remain one of the major strategy in clinical management of thalassemia major patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of combined therapy with Desferrioxamine and Deferiprone in patients with thalassemia major that undergoing in regular administration of adequate desferrioxamine (5-6 days/week). Patients and Methods: This study was performed in two groups: one group with combination therapy, that had received oral deferiprone 70 mg/kg /day for 6 days and two days desferrioxamine 40 mg/kg with subcutaneous injection. Other group treated with only desferrioxamine with doses of 40 mg/kg 5- 6 day/week resemble to one year ago. (In past year both groups had regular & adequate administration and consumption of desferrioxamine with doses of 40 mg/kg 5-6 day/week). Thirty six patients were entered in this study. The efficacy of combined therapy was evaluated in 19 patients that treated with Desferrioxamine and deferiprone and 17 patients that treated with Desferal alone for at least 12 month. In both group the patients were received Desferal in Regular program in one year ago until to start of this study. Age of the patients was over 10 years old. Deferiprone administered orally 70 mg/kg/day in three divided dose and desferrioxamine 40 mg/kg/day by subcutaneus infusion overnight for 8-12 hr twice weekly. Serum ferritin concentrations were measured at base, 6 and 12 month. Full blood count were performed every 15 day for 2 first months and then monthly. The evaluation of cardiac function was performed in regular manner (every 6 months) and all of patients had normal cardiac function. Results: The mean decreased of ferritin level was 493 μg/L in combination therapy and mean increased in ferritin level was 637.6 μg/L in desferrioxamine group. Statistical analysis was performed with using T-test, and Paired T-test. There were significant differences between the two groups (p-value= 0.0001). The most common side effects in combined therapy group were dyspepsia and nausea in 6 patients (18.1%), especially in the first month of treatment. Joint pain and stiffness were observed in 4 cases (13.6%). Significant neutropenia and agranulocytosis were not observed. The serum ferritin level was increased in 64.7 % of patients that treated with desferrioxamine alone. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that the thalassemia major patients with iron overloaded whom received desferrioxamine as a regular manner (at least 40 mg/kg for 5 days /week) can be safety treated with a combination of deferiprone and desferrioxamine. This combination therapy was effective in reducing iron burden, as assessed by serum ferritin level.
Sexual Health Information and uptake of Sexual Health Services by African women in Scotland: A Pilot Study

Abstract UK sub-Saharan African immigrants are disproportionably affected by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and there is little evidence that they are utilising sexual health facilities effectively. Information is lacking on how African women utilise sexual health services. Research shows that they report late for diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) especially HIV. Many are diagnosed in antenatal clinics or general hospital settings rather than in sexual health clinics. These routes of diagnosis have implications for their sexual health well being. First, only pregnant women are likely to be diagnosed early and secondly others are diagnosed late, when they show HIV-related symptoms. They lack up-to-date information regarding STIs including HIV/AIDS. This paper identifies sources of sexual health information available to African women and assesses its effects on their uptake of sexual health services. A two-phase research was conducted with African women living in Scotland. Phase 1 consists of a survey and Phase 2 focus group discussions. We surveyed African women living in Scotland in 2007 aged between 16 and 55. The questionnaire covered knowledge of STIs, perception of risk of infections, attitude and sources of STI information. Of the 700 questionnaires, 96 women from 13 African countries completed the questionnaires. Analysis showed that 79% of the participants have university qualification, 74.2% (employed), 54.4% (married or living with partners), 68.8% had sexual relationships and 47% are recent migrants (<5 years). Their knowledge of STI varied and fewer than 15% use sexual health services. Most (73%) do not perceive themselves to be at risk of infection. Greatest threat to their sexual health is partner's behaviour. Their main source of sexual health information is from non-health care sources. There is very little contact with health professionals. There is urgent need for health promotional activities and research to identify social and cultural issues that contribute to non use of sexual health services.
Outcomes Following Treatment of the Infected Achilles Tendon

Background: Infection following Achilles tendon surgery is a devastating complication and can be difficult to treat and often leads to poor outcomes. A number of treatments have been described, but there is little information concerning outcomes of these treatments. Our purpose was to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of patients who have undergone treatment for an infected Achilles tendon after acute and chronic midsubstance repair. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 20 patients who had undergone surgical treatment for an infected Achilles tendon between 2000 and 2016. The mean follow-up time was 21 months (range, 2-68 months). All patients underwent extensive debridement of the tendon with removal of all infected tissue and foreign material. Soft tissue wound coverage was utilized for large wounds that were not amenable to primary or secondary closure. All patients received culture-specific intravenous (IV) antibiotics for 3 to 6 weeks. Postoperatively, the extremity was immobilized in a splint followed by a cast until the wound was healed. The cast was then replaced with a walking boot and the patients were provided a physical therapy program. Functional outcomes were measured using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) Activity of Daily Living (ADL) scale. Results: All wounds had healed at the time of last follow-up. Three patients (15%) required an unplanned return to the operating room for repeat debridement. All patients were able to walk without the use of a gait aid. Five patients (25%) required continued use of a boot or brace during ambulation. Fourteen patients participated in the FAAM ADL survey. There were 6 patients lost to follow-up. The average FAAM score was 87 (range, 71.4-100). At last follow-up, most patients reported their overall function as “normal” or “nearly normal. ” Eradication of infection and satisfactory functional results can be attained after radical debridement, wound closure, and administration of culture-specific IV antibiotics. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Laparoscopic oophorectomy in bitches

A clinical study on laparoscopic oophorectomy in bitches was conducted to compare two different modalities viz., electro-cautery (Group I; n=6) and endo-looping (Group II; n=6). The anesthetized bitches were placed on a specially designed tilting wooden table for better and easy laparoscopic manoeuvrability. Three peri-umbilical midline ports were created for lodging two 5 mm hand instruments and laparoscope following abdominal insufflation. The electrocautery was performed using monopolar current for electro-desiccation and the endo-looping was carried out using black braded silk no. 1. The total time required to perform laparoscopic oophorectomy by electro-coagulation was comparatively lesser (31.53±0.9 min) than endo-looping (34.24±0.64 min). Effect of anaesthesia and bleeding during the procedures were reflected by transient reduction in total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume. The acute inflammatory changes following laparoscopic procedures led to increase in total leucocyte count and a compensatory fall in the numbers of lymphocytes. An early and uneventful recovery of all the animals following both the laparoscopic procedures was credited to minimum invasive nature of the procedures. The stress induced by laparoscopic procedure led to temporary increase in serum cortisol level. Both the laparoscopic oophorectomy procedures were found to be effective but endo-looping required additional precision and perfection. The electro-coagulation followed by extraction of ovary may be preferred for wider clinical use.
Yoga based lifestyle for type 2 diabetes: need for a nationwide movement to control type 2 diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has become a global threat. In 2010, prevalence of T2DM worldwide among adults was 6.4% and it is estimated that by 2030 it will increase by 7.7%. By 2030, diabetes will be affecting approximately 439 million people. In this gap of 20 years (2010 to 2030), the increase will be 69% in developing countries and 20% in developed countries. In fact, the problem is worsening faster than expected, in 2000, the projected figure for 2030 was 366 million,1 and by 2010, the figure has already reached 439 millions. It is now established from epidemiological studies in Asia that approximately 15 percent or 1 in 7 adults has either increased fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance based on the WHO criteria,2,3 of which an estimated 5 to 12 per cent develop Type 2 diabetes annuall.3,4 In 2004, an estimated 3.4 million people died from consequences of high fasting blood sugar,5 and more than 80% of diabetes deaths occur in lowand middle-income countries.6 Moreover, WHO projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death globally in 2030.7
Situation of the Necessary Human Resources for hospitals of Lorestan Provience in Accordance with Proposed Model by the Iran's Ministry of Health

Background: The human work force is of the most important resources at hospitals, the shortage or excess of which might deteriorate the quality of services being provided. The goal of this study was to estimation of the necessary resources in accordance with proposed model by the Iran's Ministry of Health Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study that has been conducted in hospitals affiliated of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Data was collected through questionnaire. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 17.0. Results: The results showed that only 18 wards (19/56%) out of 92 wards of hospital were consistent with the proposed model and 16 wards (17/4 %) were better than the criteria set by the model and the remaining wards (58%) were worse than the criteria of the model. Organizational dislocation obtained Respectively 16,7,6,2 in Shohadaye Shohadaye Ashayer, Asali, Madani and Imam Reza hospitals.
Tumor venéreo transmissível com metástases cutâneas em um cão transmissible venereal

Transmissible venereal tumor is most of the times diagnosed in young, healthy and sexually active animais. In general it affects any part of external genitalis; metastasis, although uncommon, may occur. This paper reports a case of a transmissible venereal tumor, in the glans penis of a dog with spread to the skin of abdominal and inguinal regions.