Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elliptically embedded subgroups and nilpotent products

A recent paper of Rhemtulla and Wilson [4] is concerned with elliptically embedded subgroups of groups. A subgroup H of a group G is elliptically embedded in G if, for each subgroup K of G, there is some integer m such that (H, K) = (HK)m. Some sufficient conditions for elliptic embedding are given in Section 2 of [4], and some consequences of the presence of this property are to be found in Theorems 1 and 2 of the same paper and in the main theorem of [5]. It is evident from all of these results that the property of being elliptically embedded is closely related to the nilpotency and subnormality of certain subgroups. One of the questions considered here i s the following.
Dense urbanism and economic multi-centrism at third-millennium BC Lagash

Abstract Studies of ancient Mesopotamian cities have long focused on their institutions. Here, instead, the authors draw on recent investigations at the third-millennium BC site of Lagash (modern Tell al-Hiba, Iraq) to explore urban density, economy and sustainability at one of the largest ancient urban centres of the region. Drawing on excavation, environmental and remote-sensing data, the authors adopt a multi-scalar approach, revealing dense urban occupation, with subdivision into distinct walled quarters, as well as evidence for multiple foci of intensive industrial production and the exploitation of a rich mosaic of surrounding micro-environments. The study emphasises how a combination of new field data and alternative research directions offers novel insights into early urbanism.
Modeling the Lorentzian magnetic recording channel with transition noise

This paper derives closed-form expressions for modeling a magnetic recording channel with transition noise. The closed-form expressions assume matched filtering, a Lorentzian transition response, and a first-order position jitter and width variation model. The result is a model that is straightforward and easy to use for simulation and analytical purposes. From the model, equations are derived for partial response targets of constrained length that minimize mean squared error in the presence of transition noise. Simulation results for the resulting targets in various transition noise environments are also included, along with a discussion of the results.
Potential of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Pasture Species in Spanish Dehesas to Produce Enzymes under Salt Conditions

Endophytic fungi have been found to produce a wide range of extracellular enzymes, which are increasingly in demand for their industrial applications. Different by-products from the agrifood industry could be used as fungal growth substrates for the massive production of these enzymes, specifically as a way to revalorize them. However, such by-products often present unfavorable conditions for the microorganism’s growth, such as high salt concentrations. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of eleven endophytic fungi—which were isolated from plants growing in a harsh environment, specifically, from the Spanish dehesas—for the purposes of the in vitro production of six enzymes (i.e., amylase, lipase, protease, cellulase, pectinase and laccase) under both standard and salt-amended conditions. Under standard conditions, the studied endophytes produced between two and four of the six enzymes evaluated. In most of the producer fungal species, this enzymatic activity was relatively maintained when NaCl was added to the medium. Among the isolates evaluated, Sarocladium terricola (E025), Acremonium implicatum (E178), Microdiplodia hawaiiensis (E198), and an unidentified species (E586) were the most suitable candidates for the massive production of enzymes by using growth substrates with saline properties (such as those found in the many by-products from the agrifood industry). This study should be considered an initial approach by which to further study the identification of these compounds as well as to develop the optimization of their production by directly using those residues.
Laparoscopic Hartmann Procedure—A Surgery That Still Saves Lives

Background: A Hartmann operation, which is the intervention by which the lower part of the sigmoid and the upper part of the rectum are resected with the closing of the rectal stump and end colostomy, has as its indications: advanced or complicated rectosigmoid neoplasm, moderate biological condition of the patient, peritoneal sepsis, intestinal occlusion and fragile colonic wall, especially in the context of inflammatory changes. The Hartmann procedure can save lives even at the cost of a stoma reversal failure. Methods: The cases operated with the Hartmann procedure by an open approach or laparoscopic approach in our clinic, between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020, were admitted in this study and their medical records were reviewed, also making a comparison between the two types of approach. Univariate statistical comparisons but also a multivariate analysis was performed. Results: We performed 985 operations for intestinal and colonic occlusion (7.15% of the total operations in the clinic), 531 (54%) were non-tumor occlusions and 454 (46%) were occlusive tumors (88 Hartmann operations). Of these, 7.3% were laparoscopically performed (7 laparoscopic Hartmann operations and 23 diagnostic laparoscopies). A total of 11 cases (18%) also had colonic perforation. We compared laparoscopic Hartmann with open Hartmann and observed the benefits of laparoscopy for postoperative morbidity and mortality. The presence of pulmonary and cardiac morbidities is associated with the occurrence of general postoperative morbidities, while peritonitis is statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of local complications that are absent after the laparoscopic approach. Conclusions: The Hartmann procedure is still nowadays an operation widely used in emergency situations. Laparoscopy may become standard for the Hartmann procedure and reversal of the Hartmann procedure, but the percentage of laparoscopy remains low due to advanced or complicated colorectal cancer, poor general condition both at the first and second intervention, and the difficulties of reversal of the Hartmann procedure.
The Novel Artemisinin Dimer Isoniazide ELI-XXIII-98-2 Induces c-MYC Inhibition, DNA Damage, and Autophagy in Leukemia Cells

The proto-oncogenic transcription factor c-MYC plays a pivotal role in the development of tumorigenesis, cellular proliferation, and the control of cell death. Its expression is frequently altered in many cancer types, including hematological malignancies such as leukemia. The dimer isoniazide ELI-XXIII-98-2 is a derivative of the natural product artemisinin, with two artemisinin molecules and an isoniazide moiety as a linker in between them. In this study, we aimed to study the anticancer activity and the molecular mechanisms of this dimer molecule in drug-sensitive CCRF-CEM leukemia cells and their corresponding multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 sub-line. The growth inhibitory activity was studied using the resazurin assay. To reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth inhibitory activity, we performed in silico molecular docking, followed by several in vitro approaches such as the MYC reporter assay, microscale thermophoresis, microarray analyses, immunoblotting, qPCR, and comet assay. The artemisinin dimer isoniazide showed a potent growth inhibitory activity in CCRF-CEM but a 12-fold cross-resistance in multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells. The molecular docking of artemisinin dimer isoniazide with c-MYC revealed a good binding (lowest binding energy of −9.84 ± 0.3 kcal/mol) and a predicted inhibition constant (pKi) of 66.46 ± 29.5 nM, which was confirmed by microscale thermophoresis and MYC reporter cell assays. Furthermore, c-MYC expression was downregulated by this compound in microarray hybridization and Western blotting analyses. Finally, the artemisinin dimer isoniazide modulated the expression of autophagy markers (LC3B and p62) and the DNA damage marker pH2AX, indicating the stimulation of both autophagy and DNA damage, respectively. Additionally, DNA double-strand breaks were observed in the alkaline comet assay. DNA damage, apoptosis, and autophagy induction could be attributed to the inhibition of c-MYC by ELI-XXIII-98-2.
Microstructure Analysis of Progressive Secondary AlSi7Mg0.6 Alloy with Higher Fe Content Using Electron Metallography Techniques

This article investigates the effect of the higher Fe content on the formation of brittle Fe-rich needle-like phases in heat-treated secondary AlSi7Mg0.6 cast alloy. These secondary-recycled alloys contain an increased amount of impurities due to remelting of scrap. The common unwanted impurity found in these alloys is Fe. Its higher content negatively affects the structure and mechanical properties. Fe has low solubility in Al-alloys thus forming unwanted intermetallic phases such as β-Al5FeSi. Fe cannot be removed in the foundry conditions, so its content is reduced to an acceptable limit. One of the possibilities to eliminate the negative effect of high Fe content on the structure and mechanical properties is heat treatment. Heat treatment influences the size and morphology of structural components, which leads to a finer structure and thus better mechanical properties. Therefore, this study is focused on the changes in structure depending on the Fe content influenced by heat treatment applied to the secondary AlSi7Mg0.6 alloy with higher Fe content and evaluation using a scanning electron microscope, including methods of EDX analysis, and methods of deep etching.
Using Trust Measures to Optimize Neighbor Selection for Smart Blockchain Networks in IoT

The blockchain (BC) paradigm is currently modifying all the major Internet of Things (IoT) application domains, giving the opportunity of constructing decentralized environments in which trustful and anonymous activities can be efficiently performed. BC proposes an approach which assures data saved on a distributed ledger (DL) would be continuously synchronized and in such a way the ledger will remain consistent. The DL has the responsibility to maintain a higher level of consistency. Given a connected network, the optimum neighbor selection (ONS) of paths can be obtained by finding the minimum spanning tree of the network. However, none of past approaches proposed in the literature to construct ONS considered the problem of having nodes with low levels of reliability in the network and even malicious or fraudulent nodes, that is a situation very common in an IoT environment. In this article, we propose an optimized BC ONS algorithm, called trust-based ONS (TONS), which allows the miners to communicate with a globally optimized selection of neighbors. The algorithm can also guarantee that these nodes are the most reliable miners. We also describe an experimental simulation campaign we have performed to evaluate the effectiveness and the efficiency of our approach.
Cutaneous Adverse Reactions of Immunotherapy in Patients with Advanced Melanoma

Simple Summary It is estimated that 30–50 percent of patients treated with Immune Checkpoint Blockers will eventually develop cutaneous immune-related adverse events. These toxicities are in, most of the time, low-grade reactions; however, they are characterized by a wide clinical spectrum. Clinicians who utilize these novel agents must have a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, as well as the proper treatment of these toxicities. In this review, we analyze the treatment approaches as well as unique features observed in melanoma patients who develop cutaneous immune-related adverse events. Abstract Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have been widely used during the last decade for the treatment of various tumors, including advanced and metastatic melanoma. While these agents have improved melanoma patients’ survival rates, they have also been associated with various autoimmune toxicities, with the skin being most commonly affected. The severity of cutaneous toxicity can not only negatively affect patients’ quality of life but can also limit the proper treatment of cancer. Thus, the role of the dermatologist is substantial in early detecting and promptly treating these adverse events. Maculopapular rash, psoriasiform, lichenoid dermatoses and bullous pemphigoid are the most frequent cutaneous adverse events that require immediate intervention. Other rare autoimmune toxicities, e.g., sarcoidosis, dermatomyositis or subacute lupus, have also been reported. In this review, we summarize the aspects of ICB-induced cutaneous toxicities in patients with melanoma, emphasizing their management and treatment options in clinical practice.
Approximately algebraic tensor products

Let X and Y be normed spaces over a complete field F with dual spaces X 0 and Y 0 respectively. Under certain hypotheses, for given x 2X , y 2 Y and a mapping u fromX 0 Y 0 to F , we apply Hyers–Ulam approach to find a unique bounded bilinear mapping v near to u such that jjvjj D jjx yjj. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 46B10; 47L50; 39B72
Energy Prediction and Optimization for Smart Homes with Weather Metric-Weight Coefficients

Home appliances are considered to account for a large portion of smart homes’ energy consumption. This is due to the abundant use of IoT devices. Various home appliances, such as heaters, dishwashers, and vacuum cleaners, are used every day. It is thought that proper control of these home appliances can reduce significant amounts of energy use. For this purpose, optimization techniques focusing mainly on energy reduction are used. Current optimization techniques somewhat reduce energy use but overlook user convenience, which was the main goal of introducing home appliances. Therefore, there is a need for an optimization method that effectively addresses the trade-off between energy saving and user convenience. Current optimization techniques should include weather metrics other than temperature and humidity to effectively optimize the energy cost of controlling the desired indoor setting of a smart home for the user. This research work involves an optimization technique that addresses the trade-off between energy saving and user convenience, including the use of air pressure, dew point, and wind speed. To test the optimization, a hybrid approach utilizing GWO and PSO was modeled. This work involved enabling proactive energy optimization using appliance energy prediction. An LSTM model was designed to test the appliances’ energy predictions. Through predictions and optimized control, smart home appliances could be proactively and effectively controlled. First, we evaluated the RMSE score of the predictive model and found that the proposed model results in low RMSE values. Second, we conducted several simulations and found the proposed optimization results to provide energy cost savings used in appliance control to regulate the desired indoor setting of the smart home. Energy cost reduction goals using the optimization strategies were evaluated for seasonal and monthly patterns of data for result verification. Hence, the proposed work is considered a better candidate solution for proactively optimizing the energy of smart homes.
Myokine Musclin Is Critical for Exercise-Induced Cardiac Conditioning

This study investigates the role and mechanisms by which the myokine musclin promotes exercise-induced cardiac conditioning. Exercise is one of the most powerful triggers of cardiac conditioning with proven benefits for healthy and diseased hearts. There is an emerging understanding that muscles produce and secrete myokines, which mediate local and systemic “crosstalk” to promote exercise tolerance and overall health, including cardiac conditioning. The myokine musclin, highly conserved across animal species, has been shown to be upregulated in response to physical activity. However, musclin effects on exercise-induced cardiac conditioning are not established. Following completion of a treadmill exercise protocol, wild type (WT) mice and mice with disruption of the musclin-encoding gene, Ostn, had their hearts extracted and exposed to an ex vivo ischemia-reperfusion protocol or biochemical studies. Disruption of musclin signaling abolished the ability of exercise to mitigate cardiac ischemic injury. This impaired cardioprotection was associated with reduced mitochondrial content and function linked to blunted cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling. Genetic deletion of musclin reduced the nuclear abundance of protein kinase G (PKGI) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding (CREB), resulting in suppression of the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α), and its downstream targets in response to physical activity. Synthetic musclin peptide pharmacokinetic parameters were defined and used to calculate the infusion rate necessary to maintain its plasma level comparable to that observed after exercise. This infusion was found to reproduce the cardioprotective benefits of exercise in sedentary WT and Ostn-KO mice. Musclin is essential for exercise-induced cardiac protection. Boosting musclin signaling might serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for cardioprotection.
Accuracy Estimates for Bilinear Optimal Control Problems Governed by Ordinary Differential Equations

Abstract First- and second-order accuracy estimates for an optimal control problem governed by a system of ordinary differential equations with a bilinear control mechanism are presented. The numerical time discretization scheme under consideration is the finite element method with continuous piecewise linear functions. Central to this work is a first- and second-order analysis of optimality of the continuous and approximated optimal control problems. In the case of box constraints on the control, first-order error estimates for the control function are obtained assuming a piecewise constant approximation of the control, whereas second-order accuracy can be obtained in the case of a continuous, piecewise polynomial approximation. Numerical evidence is presented that supports the theoretical findings.
Knowledge, Opinions, and Practices of Oral Cancer Prevention among Palestinian Practicing Dentists: An Online Cross-Sectional Questionnaire

Oral-health professionals play a critical role in the early recognition and prevention of oral cancer; however, most patients are diagnosed in the advanced stages that demonstrate poor prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge, opinions, and clinical practices of practicing dentists related to oral cancer prevention and oral mucosal screening in Palestine. This research used an online cross-sectional questionnaire design. Practicing dentists in Palestine completed the 44-item questionnaire encompassing the following four sections: (a) personal data (6 items); (b) oral cancer knowledge (21 items); (c) opinions and beliefs related to oral cancer (10 items); and (d) clinical practices related to oral cancer (7 items). The questionnaire was sent to all eligible participants (N = 650) between July and September of 2022. The response rate was 39.1% (N = 254). About 70.1% of the respondents had poor knowledge of oral cancer and its risk factors, and almost 84.3% had positive opinions related to oral cancer prevention and oral mucosal screening. Concerning the clinical practices, only 29.9% routinely examined their patients every time their patients visited. More experienced dentists showed significantly more positive opinions and better clinical practices related to oral cancer prevention and screening; however, they had significantly lower knowledge scores compared with the younger dentists (p < 0.05). Inadequate training was the most reported perceived boundary against routine oral cancer screening. Palestinian dentists appeared to have positive opinions related to oral cancer prevention and oral mucosal screening. However, the assessment of the knowledge and clinical practices revealed deficiencies in this regard.
Tectonic microplates in a wax model of sea-floor spreading

Rotating, growing microplates are observed in a wax analogue model of sea-floor spreading. Wax microplates are kinematically similar to sea-floor tectonic microplates in terms of spreading rate and growth rate. Furthermore, their spiral pseudofault geometry is quantitatively consistent with Schouten's oceanic microplate model. These results suggest that Schouten's edge-driven microplate model captures the kinematics of tectonic microplate evolution on Earth. Based on the wax observations, a theory for the nucleation of overlapping spreading centres, the precursors of tectonic microplates, is developed.
The association of exposure to air pollution with changes in plasma glucose indices, and incidence of diabetes and prediabetes: A prospective cohort of first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes

Background: Increasing incidence rates of diabetes related to air pollution have been reported in high-income countries. However, few studies evaluated air pollution effect on plasma glucose indices, in addition to diabetes and prediabetes incidence in developing countries. This study investigated the association between exposure to common air pollutants and the changes plasma glucose indices over time. The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes in future were also examined in association with exposure to air pollution. Materials and Methods: A total of 3828 first-degree relatives of patients with T2D who were prediabetes or had normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were enrolled in this study. Cox regression was used to assess the relationships between particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxides, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone exposure and the incidence of T2D and prediabetes. We also applied a linear mixed model to assess the association between exposure to these air pollutants and changes in plasma glucose indices over time. Results: Air pollutants showed a significant positive association with changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 2 h oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) in participants with NGT and prediabetes. The maximum increase in plasma glucose indices was associated with NO concentration. Our study also showed exposure to all air pollutants except SO2 was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing T2D and prediabetes (Hazard ratio > 1, P < 0.001). Conclusion: According to our results, exposure to air pollution increases the risk of T2D and prediabetes incidence in our population. The exposure to air pollutants was also associated with increasing trend in FPG, HbA1c, and OGTT levels in both groups of NGT and prediabetic participants.
Propagation of light beams beyond the paraxial approximation

Light beams extending beyond the paraxial region are investigated by the correction scheme of Lax et al. [ Phys. Rev. A11, 1365 ( 1975)] All higher-order corrections for the Laguerre–Gaussian and Hermite–Gaussian beams are obtained explicity. It is shown that the corrections for both Gaussian beams are described in the same form. When the field distribution of a light beam is specified at some transverse plane, we can deal with its propagation beyond the paraxial approximation by superposing the corrected beams.