Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socio-cognitive determinants of plagiarism intentions among university students during emergency online learning: Integrating emotional, motivational, and moral factors into theory of planned behavior

Abstract The exceptional circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 closures of campuses and emergency online learning have caused challenging circumstances on preserving academic integrity. Still, little is known about how the interplay between diverse contextual and psychological determinants influences beliefs and inclinations to plagiarism during online learning. The current study aims to understand better multiple factors that predict attitudes and intentions to commit plagiarism during and after the pandemic. To that end, an extended model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) that examines the impact of socio-psychological, emotional, motivational, and ethical factors explaining plagiarism intentions was tested. The study applied a survey instrument to a sample of 435 undergraduate students from three universities in Oman. Using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the results showed that fear of COVID-19 significantly and positively impacted the plagiarism attitude. Academic self-efficacy significantly and negatively influenced attitudes to plagiarism. All TPB variables significantly influenced intention to plagiarize, including subjective norms, attitudes perceived behavioral control and past behavior, except moral obligation. The current study’s findings contributed to theory advancement by extending TPB to examining antecedents to subjective norms toward plagiarism and emotional and motivational determinants of attitudes. Finally, the current study recommends practical and research implications for curbing digital plagiarism in higher education post to the pandemic.
A multi-dimensional study of the emotion in current Japanese popular music

Musical psychologists illustrated musical emotion with various numbers of dimensions ranging from two to eight. Most of them concentrated on classical music. Only a few researchers studied emotion in popular music, but the number of pieces they used was very small. In the present study, perceptual experiments were conducted using large sets of popular pieces. In Experiment 1, ten listeners rated musical emotion for 50 J-POP pieces using 17 SD scales. The results of factor analysis showed that the emotional space was constructed by three factors, ‘‘evaluation,’’ ‘‘potency’’ and ‘‘activity. ’’ In Experiment 2, three musicians and eight non-musicians rated musical emotion for 169 popular pieces. The set of pieces included not only J-POP tunes but also Enka and western popular tunes. The listeners also rated the suitability for several listening situations. The results of factor analysis showed that the emotional space for the 169 pieces was spanned by the three factors, ‘‘evaluation,’’ ‘‘potency’’ and ‘‘activity,’’ again. The results of multiple-regression analyses suggested that the listeners like to listen to a ‘‘beautiful’’ tune with their lovers and a ‘‘powerful’’ and ‘‘active’’ tune in a situation where people were around them.
Direct lithographic top contacts for pentacene organic thin-film transistors

We report a process to fabricate metallic source and drain contacts on pentacene thin films with channel resolution less than 10μm. Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) made by this method can have field-effect mobility of 0.3cm2/V−s. Contact resistance extracted from these OTFTs is about (5×107)–(5×108)Ωμm which is lower than that typical for bottom contact devices. Such performance in OTFTs demonstrates this method’s value for fabricating organic electronics.
On Korn's first inequality with non-constant coefficients

In this paper we prove a Korn-type inequality with non-constant coefficients which arises from applications in elasto-plasticity at large deformations. More precisely, let Ω ⊂ R3 be a bounded Lipschitz domain and let Γ ⊂ ∂Ω be a smooth part of the boundary with non-vanishing two-dimensional Lebesgue measure. Define and let be given with det Fp(x) ≥ μ+ > 0. Moreover, suppose that Rot . Then Clearly, this result generalizes the classical Korn's first inequality which is just our result with Fp = 11. With slight modifications, we are also able to treat forms of the type
Semiparametric penalized generalized additive models for environmental research and epidemiology

For more than a decade generalized additive models (GAMs) have been successfully applied in various environmental studies, for instance to evaluate the impact of air pollution on health. The air pollution measure is usually connected with the health indicator in a parametric fashion whilst the effects of other covariates are modelled through nonparametric smooth functions. This is the motivation for the widely used semiparametric GAMs. The backfitting‐GAM methodology, and its popular implementation in S‐Plus, constitutes the standard approach. Here we consider its limitations and offer an alternative penalized likelihood concept. The primary limitations are the lack of tools for multiple data‐driven smoothing parameter choice, slow convergence of the iterative backfitting algorithm when concurvity is present, and unstable biased estimates of the regression coefficients and their standard errors in the semiparametric case, even more pronounced under concurvity. The penalized likelihood methodology when combined with cubic spline smoothers allows for a computationally efficient and complete parametric representation of a GAM, either nonparametric or semiparametric. It helps circumvent most of the mentioned GAM flaws in environmental research and epidemiology (e.g. in studies of human exposure to particulate matter). Finally, we discuss various evidence from simulation experiments in the literature, concerning the proper use of the GAM methodology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Singularities in nonsimply connected space--times

Space–times with asymptotically flat nonsimply connected spacelike slices are shown to possess enough intrinsic geometric structure to guarantee the existence of singularities under conditions usually considered insufficient. In particular, it is shown that if the normal geodesics to the spacelike slice are converging on a suitable compact set, and the space–time satisfies a standard energy condition, then it is timelike geodesically incomplete. A similar result holds if the space–time satisfies the chronology and generic conditions.
Aerial explorations of the low‐level cross‐equatorial current over eastern Africa

An instrumented light aircraft has been used to investigate the low-level cross-equatorial current over eastern Africa. Using Doppler radar wind-finding equipment the core of the current has been located and explored on four separate days, and the main features of wind, temperature, cloud and moisture content distribution have been determined. Mean fields of horizontal and vertical shear have been derived, and patterns of divergence and vertical motion around the core of the current have been deduced.
Higher order inference for stress–strength reliability with independent Burr-type X distributions

In this paper, a small-sample asymptotic method is proposed for higher order inference in the stress–strength reliability model, R=P(Y<X), where X and Y are distributed independently as Burr-type X distributions. In a departure from the current literature, we allow the scale parameters of the two distributions to differ, and the likelihood-based third-order inference procedure is applied to obtain inference for R. The difficulty of the implementation of the method is in obtaining the the constrained maximum likelihood estimates (MLE). A penalized likelihood method is proposed to handle the numerical complications of maximizing the constrained likelihood model. The proposed procedures are illustrated using a sample of carbon fibre strength data. Our results from simulation studies comparing the coverage probabilities of the proposed small-sample asymptotic method with some existing large-sample asymptotic methods show that the proposed method is very accurate even when the sample sizes are small.
Spectral diffusion of the exciton transition in a single self-organized quantum dot

We report on reversible spectral shifts in the emission spectra of self-organized CdSe single quantum dots on a time scale of seconds. Energy shifts of up to 3.5 meV have been observed and can be attributed to the Stark effect caused by fluctuating local electric fields. Most surprisingly, the energy shift turns out to be quasi-periodic with time constants between 70 and 190 s.
Relations of Kinematics, Microphysics and Electrification in an Isolated Mountain Thunderstorm

Abstract This paper addresses aspects of the airflow, microphysics, and electrification in a mountain thunderstorm which occurred on 7 August 1979 over the Langmuir Laboratory new Socorro, New Mexico, site of the Thunderstorm Research International Program (TRIP). Single Doppler observations are used to form a conceptual model of the essentially one-dimensional storm updraft which is expressed in simple analytical form. A one-dimensional kinematic numerical cloud model is employed with the analytic updraft profile to diagnose the evolution of temperature, war substance, radar reflectivity, space charge density and axial electric field in the main updraft region. Retrieved thermal, microphysical, and electrical variables are verified with in situ aircraft and balloon observations and measured radar reflectivity. The calculated rate of noninductive charge transfer accompanying collision and separation of ice crystals and riming graupel particles is in direct proportion to cloud and precipitation content, an.
Existence of Nanoparticle Dust Grains in the Inner Solar Corona?

Motivated by the recent paper by Habbal et al., we have made spectroscopic observations in the wavelength range of 1072.8-1079.0 nm of the solar corona above the coronal hole region on several days using a coronagraph. We made raster scans above the coronal hole region as well as other coronal regions for comparison. The exposure time of 200 s at a single location permitted us to detect signals of the order of 10-7 of the solar disk brightness. We did not find any indication of emission around 1074.7 nm due to fluorescence from silicon nanoparticle dust grains in the coronal hole region in the inner corona proposed by Habbal et al. This may be due to the absence of silicon nanoparticle dust grains in the coronal hole region or to our detection limit.
Cosmological parameters from supernovae: Two groups’ results agree

Measurements of type Ia supernova apparent brightnesses over a range of distances allows a measurement of changes in the universe’s expansion rate. This measurement yields information about the mass density and vacuum energy density (“cosmological constant”) of the universe. We present results from two research groups that are in excellent agreement. Both groups’ results indicated with high statistical confidence that the Universe is currently accelerating (q0 0.
The Parallel Mean Free Path of Heliospheric Cosmic Rays in Composite Slab/Two-dimensional Geometry. I. The Damping Model of Dynamical Turbulence

The parallel mean free path of cosmic-ray particles in partially turbulent electromagnetic fields is calculated in the damping model of dynamical turbulence for pure two-dimensional turbulence geometry. Using the general results for the pitch-angle Fokker-Planck coefficient for pure slab geometry from Teufel & Schlickeiser, the parallel mean free path for composite slab/two-dimensional geometry is also calculated. The rigidity dependence and the absolute value of the mean free path for this general turbulence geometry are compared with observational results. We demonstrate that the composite model is able to explain observational results.
Effects of cavity detuning on the pulse characteristics of a femtosecond synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator

We report spectral and temporal characteristics of λ ~ 1.5 μm, nominally 150-fs signal pulses from a KTP-based high-repetition-rate optical parametric oscillator (OPO) synchronously pumped by a 90-fs, 85-MHz mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. This OPO can be operated with cavity detunings as large as ±2 μm, although stably for only ±1.3 μm. When the OPO is operated without dispersion compensation at average powers <20 mW the spectrum is singly peaked, with a width of ~20 nm; for output powers between 20 and 150 mW self-phase modulation induces a double-peak structure in the spectrum and broadens it to 50 nm. Because of time-dependent gain effects in the OPO, the spectrum is asymmetric, and the asymmetry changes dramatically with detuning, reversing when the detuning changes from +1.3 to −1.3 μm. Cross-correlation measurements between pump and signal pulses reveal asymmetric temporal pulse shapes consistent with the observed spectra. For optimum power, which we use to define the zero-detuning condition, the pulse has a trailing edge steeper than its leading edge. The operation of the OPO for nonzero detuning can be understood in terms of group-velocity dispersion effects, whereby shifts in the signal spectrum compensate for as much as 50% of the time lag induced at each round trip between the pump and the signal pulses.
Comparison of observed and calculated incoherent scatter spectra from the D region

During August 1989, extended twilight and nighttime measurements with the European incoherent scatter (EISCAT) UHF radar were performed under PCA conditions. This provided an excellent data quality in the altitude region of 70 to 90 km throughout the three nights of August 12 to 15, 1989. A sophisticated control program allowed the measurement of the spectral width in the altitude region mentioned. In general, the measured spectral width deviates significantly from model values based on temperatures measured simultaneously by Na lidar combined with CIRA 88 temperature and density values. The observed spectra are up to 2 or 3 times narrower. In our observations the deviation tends to increase with increasing altitude. We also find that earlier spectral width measurements published by other workers are often narrower than current D region theory predicts. The possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed.
Operation of five individual diode lasers as a coherent ensemble by fiber coupling into an external cavity

Five diode lasers that each have one facet antireflection coated were fiber coupled into an external cavity and operated as a coherent ensemble by the use of a spatial filter placed at the Fourier plane of the cavity. The resulting output was shown to be in a single spectral line with a linewidth less than the instrumental resolution (7.5 MHz) of the Fabry–Perot spectrum analyzer used. The effect of rotating the polarization of the radiation inside one of the fibers is described.
Infinite loop maps in geometric topology

0. Introduction. Let and be connected cohomology theories on the category of all CW spaces. In this paper we examine the relationship between natural homomorphisms (stable operations) of degree zero from to and natural homomorphisms from to in a number of cases of particular interest in topology – foremost the K-theories and the bundle theories classifying ‘surgery problems’. There are two parts to this. On the one hand we ask under what conditions a homomorphism from to extends to a stable operation and on the other hand when is a stable operation determined by its restriction to .
How We Divide the World

Real kinds or categories, according to conventional wisdom, enter into lawlike generalizations, while nominal kinds do not. Thus, gold but not jewelry is a real kind. However, by such a criterion, few if any kinds or systems of classification employed in the social science are real, for the social sciences offer, at best, only restricted generalizations. Thus, according to conventional wisdom, race and class are on a par with telephone area codes and postal zones; all are nominal rather than real. I propose an account of real kinds that recognizes the current reality of race but not zip codes and shows how a kind can be both constructed and real. One virtue of such an understanding of realism is the light shed on our current practice of racial classification. Race is not a real biological kind but neither is race a myth or illusion. However, the question of whether a social kind is real is separate from whether the category is legitimate. W. E. B. Du Bois maintained that while there are no biological races, race is real and should be conserved. My aim, in this paper, is not to argue for the legitimacy or conservation of race but to defend Du Bois's idea that kinds of people can be both made up and real and provide an understanding of realism that does justice to the social sciences.
Numerical Simulations and a Conceptual Model of the Stratocumulus to Trade Cumulus Transition

Abstract A two-dimensional eddy-resolving model is used to study the transition from the stratocumulus topped boundary layer to the trade cumulus boundary layer. The 10-day simulations use an idealized Lagrangian trajectory representative of summertime climatological conditions in the subtropical northeastern Pacific. The sea surface temperature is increased steadily at 1.5 K day−1, reflecting the southwestward advection of the subtropical marine boundary layer by the trade winds, while the free tropospheric temperature remains unchanged. Results from simulations with both a fixed diurnally averaged shortwave radiative forcing and a diurnally varying shortwave forcing are presented. A two-stage model for the boundary layer evolution consistent with these simulations is proposed. In the first stage, decoupling is induced by increased latent heat fluxes in the deepening boundary layer. After decoupling, cloud cover remains high, but the cloudiness regime changes from a single stratocumulus layer to sporadic.
L-band fiber laser with wide tuning range based on dual-wavelength optical bistability in linear overlapping grating cavities

A new mechanism to tune an erbium-doped fiber laser in the L-band is presented. The technique is based on the dual-wavelength bistability in overlapping linear cavities, which allows two lasing lines to be switched from one to another by a triggering pulse superimposed to the dc bias current applied to the pump source. The two wavelengths can be independently tuned to give the laser a total tuning range of 33 nm that covers the whole L-band, while the tuning range of either of the tunable fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) used is only half of that range. An output dynamic range of 7 dB, and a maximum output power of up to 11 dBm with high optical signal-to-noise ratios are obtained. A study of the switching transient responses shows that the typical switching time is about 4 to 12 ms, depending on the dc bias current applied to the pump source. Moreover, our wide tuning technique is implemented by only applying ordinary commercial tunable FBGs which normally would have given rise to only about half of the tuning range; no additional filtering mechanisms are required to achieve almost uniform outputs.
Changes in the dielectric properties of Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3–Pb(Co1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics under compressive stress applied perpendicularly to the electric field

The effects of compressive stress, applied perpendicularly to the electric field, on the dielectric properties of (1 − x)Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3–(x)Pb(Co1/3Nb2/3)O3 (x = 0.1–0.5) ceramics were investigated. The results showed that compressive stress had pronounced effects on the dielectric properties of PZT–PCN ceramics. With increasing compressive stress the dielectric constant decreased, while the dielectric loss tangent increased. The observations were interpreted mainly in terms of competing influences of the domain switching through non-180° domain walls, clamping of domain walls and de-ageing mechanisms. The observed changes in the dielectric properties under perpendicular compressive stress were exactly opposite to those under parallel stress.
Time Series Analysis in 1880: A Discussion of Contributions Made by T.N. Thiele

Summary We describe and discuss a paper of T.N. Thiele from 1880 where he formulates and analyses a model for a time series consisting of a sum of a regression component, a Brownian motion and a white noise. He derives a recursive procedure for estimating the regression component and predicting the Brownian motion. The procedure is now known as Kalman filtering. He estimates the unknown variances of the Brownian motion and the white noise by an iterative procedure that essentially is the EM-algorithm. We finally give a short account of an application of Thiele's model and method to the description of hormone production during normal pregnancy.
Steps in the transition of an entangled polymer melt to the partially crystalline state

For s-polypropylene, three different s-poly(propene-co-octene)s, two poly(ethylene-co-octene)s and poly(-caprolactone) we determined the relationships between the crystallization temperature Tc, the crystal thickness dc and the melting peak temperature Tf by carrying out time- and temperature-dependent small-angle x-ray scattering experiments. As a general law, dc is found to be inversely proportional to the supercooling below a characteristic temperature, Tc, which is always located above the equilibrium melting point following from an application of the Gibbs-Thomson equation. Tc is not (for the polypropylene-based copolymers) or only weakly (for the polyethylene-based copolymers) dependent on the co-unit content. The `crystallization line' Tc versus dc-1 and the Gibbs-Thomson melting line Tf versus dc-1 limit the range of the accessible partially crystalline states. The occurrence of two well defined independent boundary lines may be understood as indicating that the transformation from the melt into the partially crystalline state is generally, for homopolymers and copolymerized derivatives likewise, a two-step process, beginning with the building up of an initial form of lower order at the crystallization line which then becomes stabilized to end up in the state with layer-like morphology melting at Tf. Stabilization is achieved without a change in dc. AFM and TEM observations suggest that the initial structure could be composed of crystal blocks in planar assemblies. The stabilization then would result from their merging into a continuous lamella. It is proposed that the size of the blocks represents the minimum necessary to retain intrinsic stability. As a further result it was found that crystallinities reached at the end of isothermal crystallization processes remain invariant over larger ranges of Tc, in contrast to the changing length scales of the structure.
An inequality for the sum of entropies of unbiased quantum measurements

An inequality, similar to Kraus's proposal proved by Maassen and Uffink, concerning the lower limit for the sum of entropies for unbiased quantum measurements is given. The author shows that Sigma N+1i=1S(W(i))>or=(N+1) ln((N+1)/2) where W(i) are results of N+1 mutually unbiased measurements performed on the same initial state.