Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antenatal Patients Level of Satisfaction Toward Service Rendered by Health Workers in Selected Primary Health Centers of Ejigbo Local Government, Osun, State Nigeria.

Introduction: Patients’ satisfaction is related to the extent to which general health care needs and condition-specific needs are met. Evaluating to what extent patients are satisfied with health services. In clinically relevance, are the satisfied patients more likely to comply with treatment, take an active role in their own care; to continue using medical care services and stay with health care providers (where there are some choices), maintain the use of the specific system and to recommend the services to others. Therefore this study was aimed at assessing the level of satisfaction towards the care renders by health workers to patients receiving ANC in some selected health centers of Ejigbo Local government in Osun state, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive research conducted among 234 antenatal patients attending the selected health centres between 10 th December, 2012 and 11 th March, 2013. Multistage sampling technique was employed in the selection of the health centers while simple random technique was used to select the respondents at each clinic until the calculated sample size was reached self-designed instrument consisting of open and closed ended questionnaire was used. The reliability of the instrument was 0.88 using Spearman Brown coefficient. Results In term of satisfactory level 60.3% related that all the categories of staffers in the various health centers greet them warmly and with dignity, more than half (59.0%) also reported that health workers introduced themselves before attending to them, thereby establishing good rapport. Privacy and confidentiality were reported by 77.4 % of respondents not to be adequate while 48% of respondents felt the waiting time in the facility was long and there was equally a relationship between the level of satisfaction and the interpersonal relationship of health workers. Majority of the respondents (74%) were satisfied with ANC services rendered. There was a relationship between the level of satisfaction and the cleanliness of the facility. Conclusion: it was concluded that stake holder should provide competent health workers at the health centers, consulting room should be provided with the screens and periodic training should be carried out for the health workerss Key Words ? Antenatal patient level of satisfaction, Ejigbo, Osun health workers
CARRAGEENANS FROM AUSTRALIAN REPRESENTATIVES OF THE FAMILY CYSTOCLONIACEAE (GIGARTINALES, RHODOPHYTA), WITH DESCRIPTION OF CALLIBLEPHARIS CELATOSPORA SP. NOV., AND TRANSFER OF AUSTROCLONIUM TO THE FAMILY ARESCHOUGIACEAE

Ten Australian representatives from seven of the 10 genera presently constituting the family Cystocloniaceae have been analyzed for their cell‐wall galactans. Included in our survey are the monotypic Australian‐endemic genera Austroclonium, Gloiophyllis, Erythronaema, and Stictosporum, one species of Craspedocarpus, three species of Rhodophyllis, and two species of Calliblepharis. As one of the species of the latter genus is endemic to Western Australia and presently undescribed, we illustrate its habit and anatomical features in formally proposing to name it Calliblepharis celatospora Kraft, sp. nov. All the species surveyed essentially produce typical iota (ι)‐carrageenans, with the exception of Austroclonium. The sulfated galactans from Austroclonium predominantly contain the repeating units of ι‐, alpha (α)‐, and 6′‐O‐methylated ι‐ and α‐carrageenans; whether these exist as discrete polysaccharides or a complex hybrid structure was not resolved. Thus, Austroclonium carrageenans resemble the polysaccharides from Rhabdonia, Areschougia, and Erythroclonium. Although these latter three genera are currently included in the large gigartinalean family Solieriaceae, all produce significantly different carrageenans from Solieria itself and related genera such as Eucheuma, Kappaphycus, Betaphycus, Sarcodiotheca, Agardhiella, Sarconema, and Callophycus. In consideration of these findings, as well as of significant anatomical similarities, we provisionally recommend reestablishment of the family Rhabdoniaceae Kylin (as the family Areschougiaceae J. Agardh) for Rhabdonia, Areschougia, Erythroclonium, and Austroclonium.
Antioxidative Status, DNA Damage and Lipid Profiles in Korean Young Adults by Glutathione S-Transferase Polymorphisms

Oxidative stress leads to the induction of cellular oxidative damage, which may cause adverse modifications of DNA, proteins, and lipids. The production of reactive species during oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Antioxidant defenses can neutralize reactive oxygen species and protect against oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant status and the degree of DNA damage in Korean young adults using glutathione s-transferase (GST) polymorphisms. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were characterized in 245 healthy young adults by smoking status, and their oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes and antioxidant status were assessed by GST genotype. General characteristics were investigated by simple questionnaire. From the blood of the subjects, GST genotypes; degree of DNA damage in lymphocytes; the erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glu- tathione peroxidase; plasma concentrations of total peroxyl radical-trapping potential (TRAP), vitamin C, α- and γ-tocopherol, α- and β-carotene and cryptoxanthin, as well as plasma lipid profiles, conjugated diene (CD), GOT, and GPT were analyzed. Of the 245 subjects studied, 23.2% were GSTM1 wild genotypes and 33.4% were GSTT1 wild gen- otype. No difference in erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase, and the plas- ma TRAP level, CD, GOT, and GPT levels were observed between smokers and non-smokers categorized by GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotype. Plasma levels of α- and γ-tocopherol increased significantly in smokers with the GSTT1 wild geno- type (p < 0.05); however, plasma level of α-carotene decreased significantly in non-smokers with the GSTM1 wild geno- type (p < 0.05). DNA damage assessed by the Comet assay was significantly higher in non-smokers with the GSTM1 null genotype; whereas DNA damage was significantly lower in non-smokers with the GSTT1 null genotype. Total cho- lesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher in non-smokers with the GSTT1 null genotype than those with the GSTT1 wild genotype (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the GSTM1 null genotype or the GSTT1 wild genotype in non-smokers aggravated their antioxidant status through DNA damage of lymphocytes; however, the GSTT1 wild type in non-smok- ers had normal plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. This finding confirms that GST polymorphisms could be an important determinant of antioxidant status and plasma lipid profiles in non-smoking young adults. Further study is necessary to clarify the antioxidant status and/or lipid profiles of smokers with the GST polymorphism and to conduct a study with significantly more subjects. (Korean J Nutr 2011; 44(1): 16 ~ 28)
The influence of type and orientation of explants on in vitro growth and development of Cosmos atrosanguineus (Hook.) Voss.

Cosmos atrosanguineus is a tuberous, tender perennial with velvety, dahlia- like, brownish-red flowers that have a chocolate aroma. It is sterile, so no viable seeds are produced. This species is particularly suitable for a border plant in any perennial garden. A study was undertaken to determine whether shoot apex and leaf removal as well as ex- plant orientation had an influence on axillary shoot induction. Explants were prepared from shoots taken from aseptically grown shoot cluster and were cultured for 6 weeks on Murashige and Skoog medium containing BA (1 mg�� dm -3 ). The study results showed that the removal of the apex from the non-defoliated shoot tip improved axillary branching. The removal of developed leaves from the shoot tip with the apex removed caused a re- duction in axillary shoot production. The defoliated shoot tip inserted vertically in the medium in an inverted position regenerated the highest number of axillary shoots charac- terized by the highest fresh weight. The defoliated shoot tip after removal of the apex, placed vertically with the base down, produced axillary shoots characterized by the great- est elongation growth and the highest percentage of shoots that reached a length of more than 1 cm.
Protection by apple peel polyphenols against indometacin‐induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and cytotoxicity in Caco‐2 cells

Objectives Exposure of Caco‐2 cells to indometacin can be a useful model to assess some of the cytotoxic events that appear to underlie the gastrointestinal lesions associated with the use of this anti‐inflammatory agent. Using such a cellular model, we addressed here the cytoprotective potential of a recently standardized apple peel polyphenol extract, APPE.
Comparisons of liquid and solid fertilizers and anhydrous ammonia for sugar beet

SUMMARY Six field experiments (1963–8) in eastern England compared solid fertilizer with liquid fertilizer or anhydrous ammonia for sugar beet. Two glasshouse experiments investigated the interaction between depth of placement of fertilizer and soil moisture. Yields of sugar were the same from broadcast solid and sprayed liquid in all the experiments, but nitrogen uptake by the crop was less from liquid than from solid. Three experiments tested placement of liquid 4 in to the side and either 2 or 6 in below the seed. Plants with deep-placed fertilizer consistently out-yielded those with shallowplaced fertilizer, but yields were never significantly different from broadcast solid fertilizer. Dry-matter yields of sugar beet grown in containers indoors showed that the crop responded to deep placement when the surface soil was watered infrequently. With anhydrous ammonia injected during seed-bed preparation, sugar yield and nitrogen uptake were the same as with solid fertilizer in the seed bed, and were greater than with anhydrous ammonia injected in the ploughed land during early spring. A side-band injection of anhydrous ammonia before singling gave a crop containing as much nitrogen at harvest as, but less sugar than, nitrogen applied in the seed bed.
Seasonal Variation of Physicochemical Parameters of Water and Sediments from Iko River, Nigeria

The seasonal and locational variation of physicochemical parameters viz, p H, dissolved oxygen , biochemical oxygen demand, conductivity , salinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate , ammonium ion , total nitrogen , total organic carbon , total hydrocarbon and exchangeable cations , in water and sediments of Iko River, South Eastern Nigeria were investigated . The import of this investigation is that Iko River , is in Iko Petroleum Belt of the Niger Delta that has suffered from years of intense petroleum exploitation , recent cases of oil bunkering in the area and moreso, its closeness to the Atlantic Ocean. In both dry and wet seasons considered , the variation of p H was not significant, and was within the WHO limit of 6.5 to 8.0 for an unpolluted streams and rivers, while the salinity , chloride and exchangeable cations , were above WHO limits , indicating a high degree of saline water intrusion and influence in the water chemistry of the river from the Atlantic Ocean. The sediment of the river had acidic characteristics and were predominantly of medium to fine grained sand ( > 70 % ) and less of silt ( < 15 % ) and clay ( < 10 % ) , indicating that Iko River is not an important sink for heavy metal and organic pollutants , implying that in a case of accidental discharge of chemical pollutants , will stay in the water column a longer time, thus accessible to the biota. Interestingly, the total hydrocarbon content of the sediments were greater than 200 mg/kg , the levels set for an area that is heavily polluted with petroleum. Based on the physicochemical parameters of the water, the pollution index determined for the wet season gave a value of 0.97, which is less than a value of 1 for an unpolluted surface water body, but gave a pollution index of 1.34 during the dry season, which could be attributed to dilution from the surface runoff. The variation of the dissolved oxygen was not significant in both seasons and were higher than 5.0 mg/l WHO limit for surface waters , and indicated a highly oxidized environment . The phosphate content of the sediment of the river was lower in both seasons than average for soils , whereas , total nitrogen, total organic carbon and sulphur contents were higher than average for soils. Keywords: Iko River, Sediments, Water, Physicochemical Parameters, Seasonal Variation, Pollution Index
Assessing the Effect of a Dumpsite on Groundwater Quality: A Case Study of Aduramigba Estate within Osogbo Metropolis

This research assessed the impact of an open dumpsite, on the quality of groundwater within the vicinity of Aduuramigba Estate. Twenty water samples were collected and analyzed for physic-chemical parameters, major ions and trace metal using AAS, Iron Chromatographic and titrimetric methods. The result showed that almost all the physico chemical parameters such as pH (7.5-10.8), temperature (27.4 o C-31.5 o C,) EC (70µS/cm-364 µS/cm), TDS (49-248mg/l) fall within limits as recommended by WHO and NSDWQ. Chemical parameters has the following results: Cl - (122-720mg/l), SO 4 2- (0-7.41mg/l), NO 3 - (0.64-1.64mg/l), HCO 3 - (12.20-91.5mg/l), Ca 2+ (3.95-65.12mg/l), mg 2+ (0.73-17.28mg/l), Fe 2+ (0-1.36mg/l), Na + (3.45-27.37mg/l), k + (1.04-24.41mg/l) Mn 2+ (0-0.57mg/l). All major ions revealed concentration within the acceptable limit of both standards except Chloride and Sodium in some of the wells, this is due to the addition of a disinfectant named Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate (C 3 N 3 O 3 CL 2 Na) commonly called water guard and weathering of feldspars which characterized the basement rocks underlying the area. Most of the trace metals tested for were below detectable limit of the AAS except Zinc, Iron and Manganese. Iron and Zinc concentrations fall well within the acceptable limit of both WHO and NSDWQ standards while Manganese concentration were above the limit in most of the surface and shallow groundwater at the down slope of the Dumpsite. This could be attributed to the impact of the leachates from the waste and because of the persistent nature of manganese within the medium, it may not be easily attenuated. Keywords: Leachates, dumpsite, groundwater, conductivity, basement rocks.
Robust Determinantal Generative Classifier for Noisy Labels and Adversarial Attacks

Large-scale datasets may contain significant proportions of noisy (incorrect) class labels, and it is well-known that modern deep neural networks poorly generalize from such noisy training datasets. In this paper, we propose a novel inference method, Deep Determinantal Generative Classifier (DDGC), which can obtain a more robust decision boundary under any softmax neural classifier pre-trained on noisy datasets. Our main idea is inducing a generative classifier on top of hidden feature spaces of the discriminative deep model. By estimating the parameters of generative classifier using the minimum covariance determinant estimator, we significantly improve the classification accuracy, with neither re-training of the deep model nor changing its architectures. In particular, we show that DDGC not only generalizes well from noisy labels, but also is robust against adversarial perturbations due to its large margin property. Finally, we propose the ensemble version of DDGC to improve its performance, by investigating the layer-wise characteristics of generative classifier. Our extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of DDGC given different learning models optimized by various training techniques to handle noisy labels or adversarial samples. For instance, on CIFAR10 dataset containing 45% noisy training labels, we improve the test accuracy of a deep model optimized by the state-of-the-art noise-handling training method from 33.34% to 43.02%.
Influence of abscisic acid and other plant growth regulators on citrus defense mechanisms to salt stress

El estres salino afecta notablemente el crecimiento y la produccion del cultivo de citricos. En el presente trabajo se ha evaluado la efectividad de distintos tratamientos con fitorreguladores: acido abscisico, acido jasmonico y 8' -metilen abscisato de metilo, como paliativos de los efectos nocivos producidos por una concentracion alta de sales. Para ello se cultivaron plantas de la variedad Salustiana, injertadas sobre el patron citrange Carrizo, y se sometieron a tratamientos con NaCi (100 mM). Como parametros de su comportamiento fisiologico se midieron abscision, produccion de etileno, acumulacion de iones cloruro y tasa fotosintetica neta en organos foliares. Los resultados mostraron que, en plantas no tratadas como fitorreguladores, el estres salino ocasiono una bajada drastica de la actividad fotosintetica y un aumento de la produccion de etileno Como resultado de la acumulacion masiva de iones cloruro y, por tanto, una abscision foliar generalizada. Los tratamientos con acido jasmonico u 8' -metilen abscisato de metilo no alteraron el patron de cambios fisiologicos inducidos por el estres salino. Por el contrario, las plantas tratadas con acido abscisico mostraron una clara reduccion en estos parametros. Por tanto, los datos indican que el acido abscisico modifica el comportamiento fisiologico de las plantas de citricos y puede ayudar en su aclimatacion a condiciones de estres salino.
Estudo comparativo de isolados de Colletotrichum graminicola através da análise eletroforética de padrões protéicos e isoenzimáticos

Colletotrichum graminicola, the causal agent of anthracnose or stalk rot of corn (Zea mays), is an important pathogen with a high genetic variability. Nine isolates of this phytopathogen were compared by using isozyme analysis with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in three systems: proteins, esterase and acidic phosphatase. Analysis by each system showed variation in the number, intensity, and relative mobility of the bands in the gel of the pathogen population. For protein the analysis revealed polymorphism eventhough Cgr8 and Cgr9 isolates have shown the same pattern with six bands of relative position in the gel. For esterase activity, the same isolates showed a monomorphic behaviour while the other isolates revealed polymorphic phenotypes. In relation to acidic phosphatase, all isolates presented two bands, but differences in mobility of the molecules were observed, except between Cgr1 and Cgr2 and among Cgr6, Cgr7 and Cgr8. In general, the isolates produced bands in common, indicating that they are closely related to each other, and that the phenotypic variation observed, is probably the result of a nuclear condition, homozygous or heterozygous, for each enzyme system tested.
The influence of flock size and geometry on the scanning behaviour of spotted turtle doves, Streptopelia chinensis

The negative correlation between the time individuals spend scanning the environment for predators and group size is usually explained by the benefit of corporate vigilance. However, this negative correlation may be explained additionally in terms of the ‘dilution effect’ and ‘selfish herd geometry’. Our experimental investigation of the scanning behaviour of free-living spotted turtle doves foraging at different shaped feeders revealed that flock geometry influenced individual scanning rates. The time spent scanning declined with group size less rapidly among birds foraging in linear flocks than among those foraging in more two-dimensional flocks. These results were not confounded by aggressive behaviour, and indicate that the benefits of foraging in groups include the so-called selfish herd geometry.
Grazing depletes forb species diversity in the mesic grasslands of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Forbs constitute over 80% of the species richness of mesic grassland but their response to grazing is largely unknown. The influence of grazing on the forb composition, richness and diversity of two species-rich grasslands in the coastal hinterland and midlands of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa was examined in plots subject to grazing intensities ranging from lightly grazed nature reserves through to heavily stocked communal areas and commercial ranches. Grazing altered forb species composition and considerably reduced forb richness and Shannon diversity in both grasslands. Mean forb richness declined by 64–84%, from 50–55 species per 100 m2 in lightly grazed areas to fewer than 10–20 species in the most heavily grazed plots. Many long-lived perennial indigenous forbs were extirpated or markedly reduced in abundance by overgrazing and replaced by a few, mostly exotic, hardy species, suggesting these grasslands did not evolve under heavy grazing. Indigenous forb richness was non-linearly related to, and thus not reliably predicted by, range condition score and the abundance of two dominant decreaser and increaser grasses, but the poorest grassland was the most depauperate and good condition grassland was invariably diverse. Judicious grazing management with light stocking is thus required to maintain the diversity of mesic grassland.
Does Stock Returns Protect Investors Against Inflation in Nigeria

Given that one of the major challenges facing investors in Nigeria is high inflation rate, this study investigates whether stock market returns protect investors against inflation. Monthly All-share Index and monthly consumer price index from January 1985 to March 2011 were analysed for evidence of cointegration using the Engle and Granger two steps cointegration model. Results of the cointegration analyses indicate that the stock returns and inflation are cointegrated. Similarly, results of the error correction model suggest that stock returns and inflation converge to long-run equilibrium but the speed of adjustment to equilibrium is slow. The results also suggest that inflation does not have significant short-term effects on stock returns. The study therefore concludes that the Nigerian stock market protects investors’ wealth against inflation in the long-run but not in the short-run. Key words: Stock Returns, Inflation Rate, Cointegration, Nigerian Stock Exchange.
Influência do solo e topografia sobre as variações da composição florística e estrutura da comunidade arbóreo-arbustiva de uma floresta estacional semidecidual em Ingaí, MG

A survey of the community of trees and shrubs, topography and soils of a fragment of tropical semidecidous forest was carried out with the objective of assessing alleged correlations between the variations in physiognomic structure and species composition and variations in soil water regime and chemical fertility. The forest fragment, with an area of 17 ha is situated on the margin of the river Ingai (21°24' S and 44°55' W), Ingai municipality, Minas Gerais state, south-eastern Brazil. A topographic survey and a detailed soil classification were accomplished in the forest area. Individual trees and shrubs with diameter at breast height (dbh)³ 5 cm were sampled in 25 plots with 20 × 20 m of dimensions. Samples of surface soil (0-20 cm of depth) were collected from each plot for analyses of chemical and textural properties. The survey registered 2,683 individuals belonging to 140 species, 90 genera, and 41 families, as well as four soil subgroups and six drainage classes. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of the patterns emerging from the environmental variables and species' abundances indicated that these are distributed in the fragment under a strong influence of the water regime and chemical fertility of the soils. Besides, many species produced significant correlations among their abundance in the plots, soil drainage classes and saturation of bases, suggesting that water and mineral nutrients are key environmental variables determining species distribution in the forest.