Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food-Scanners as a Radical Innovation in German Fresh Produce Supply Chains

Originally advertised as tools for end-consumers, portable food-scanners have recently reached a high level of awareness and show potential as instruments for quality assessment along fruit and vegetable supply c hains. The current study explores preferences and concerns of chain actors regarding the implementation of this technology through semi-structured interviews. Results indicate that food-scanners could facilitate quality control at different levels of the fresh produce supply chain by providing fast, non-destructive and objective measurements. Concerns about the application of food-scanners could be identified with respect to potential additional requirements of fruit wholesaler resulting in more pressure on producers. To further a goal-oriented and user-directed development of this new technology, future research should be directed at its impacts on perception of fruit quality along the chain as well as end-consumers’ readiness to use these devices in everyday life.
Optical magnification has no benefits on the detection of occlusal caries lesions in permanent molars using different visual scoring systems: An in vitro study

Background Some studies have addressed the influence of optical magnification on the detection of caries lesions using a visual scoring system. However, there is a lack of research related to the use of the CAST and ADA-CCS visual scoring systems. In addition, the reliability and accuracy of ADA-CCS index in permanent teeth were not studied yet. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the influence of different levels of optical magnification on the detection of occlusal caries lesions in permanent molars using three visual scoring systems. Material and Methods One occlusal site per tooth was analyzed in 120 extracted permanent molars. Two trained examiners inspected the teeth using ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System), CAST (Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment), and ADA-CCS (American Dental Association-Caries Classification System) visual criteria, twice with each scoring system, with a one-week interval between examinations. The study was conducted in three phases: (A) without optical magnification, (B) using a binocular lens (3.5× magnification), and (C) using an operating microscope (16× magnification). Then, the teeth were sectioned longitudinally through the center of the selected site and the section with the more severe lesion was histological evaluated considering the D1 (lesions in enamel and dentin) and D3 (dentin lesions) thresholds. Results Kappa values for intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility were good to excellent for all systems. At the D1 threshold, sensitivity, accuracy, and area under the ROC curve were high for ICDAS and CAST in all phases. However, this was not the case for the ADA-CCS in phase C (<0.05). At the D3 diagnostic threshold, there was no significant difference between the visual scoring systems during the study phases (>0.05). Conclusions The magnification does not improve the accuracy of the visual scoring systems in the detection of occlusal caries lesions in permanent molars. Key words:Dental caries, caries detection, permanent teeth, visual examination, magnification.
The Impact of a Summer Sports Camp for Children with Visual Impairments on the Self-Efficacy of Physical Education Pre-Service Teachers: A Pilot Study

Training and self-confidence of the instructor are important components in the success of any inclusive physical education (PE) or recreation program. The purpose of this study was to determine if the self-efficacy toward teaching students with intellectual disabilities, physical disabilities or visual impairment in PE would increase in PE pre-service teachers working at a one-week intensive sports camp for youth with visual impairments. PE pre-service teachers (n=18) filled out the Self-Efficacy Scale for Physical Education Teacher Education Majors towards Children with Disabilities (SE-PETE-D) pre- and post-camp. SE-PETE-D measured participants’ self-efficacy toward including students with disabilities. Participant’s self-efficacy for teaching youth with a visual impairment scores significantly increased during camp, t(17) = 3.75, p = . 002, d = 0.88. A similar pattern was observed in self-efficacy for teaching youth with an intellectual disability and physical disability, with scores also significantly increasing, t(17) = 5.32, p < . 001, d = 1.25 and, t(17) = 3.83, p = . 001, d = . 90, respectively. Results from this study suggest teaching and learning experiences that are both practical and disability-orientated can be quite effective in increasing PE pre-service teacher’s confidence working with youth with disabilities
Design and Realization of Intelligent Phase-controlled System for Permanent Magnetic Actuator of AC Contactor

When the AC contactor switches the capacitor bank, the phase angle of the power grid is random, so the electromagnetic transient process will generate large inrush current and overvoltage, causing large disturbance to the power system. A set of AC contactor with permanent magnetic actuator (PMA) and its intelligent phase selection control system are designed to solve this problem. Firstly, the PMA is designed. The dynamic characteristics of the actuator are simulated and analyzed in ANSOFT to meet the performance requirements of phase selection control. Then the principle of phase selection control and the strategy of switching capacitor bank are analyzed. Based on this, the software and hardware of intelligent phase selection control system are designed, including phase selection control module, IGBT driver module and coil discharge module. Finally, the experimental verification is carried out on the designed AC contactor. The test results show that the phase selection errors of the designed intelligence system are within 1°, and the contactor closing and opening time deviations are within 0.5ms, which means the system can effectively realize the closing and opening control at the specified phase angle.
Quantitative and qualitative characterization of soil organic matter in the long-term fallow experiment with different fertilization and tillage

Abstract Changes of soil organic matter under different tillage and fertilization system of the long-term fallow experiment established in 1958 in Prague were evaluated in the period of 1972 – 2004. This experiment consists of seven variants (control [no tillage, no manuring]; farmyard manure compost [FYM]; 2FYM; mineral fertilization [NPK]; 2NPK; reduced tillage [RT] and conventional tillage [CT]). Content of aliphatic compounds, organic C and total N and fulvic (FA) and humic acids (HA) were analysed in archived soil samples. Besides, the FTIR spectra of soil organic components were qualitatively evaluated. Highly significant positive correlations (r = 0.976; p < 0.05) between aliphatic compounds content and Cox and between HA and aliphatic compounds (r = 0.946; p < 0.05) and HA and Cox (r = 0.956; p < 0.05) were determined. Organic manuring increased the organic C and total N content significantly. HA content in the individual plots was similar to both the Cox and the aliphatic compounds content rather than the FA content. In addition, the FTIR subtractive spectra of organic matter in soil samples were recorded and three of the most informative spectra regions were analysed. Their intensity differed depending on the fertilization and tillage used in the individual variants.
Chromosome studies of some species of Vernonanthura and Vernonia (Asteraceae, Vernonieae)

The chromosome numbers of 18 populations belonging to 10 species of Vernonanthura H. Rob. and one species of Vernonia Schreb. (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) from South America were determined. First chromosome counts are presented for three taxa: Vernonanthura lucida (Less.) H. Rob. (n = 17, 2n = 34), V. oligactoides (Less.) H. Rob. (n = 17, 2n = 34) and V. pseudolinearifolia (Hieron.) Vega et Dematt. (2n = 34). In addition, a new cytotype is reported for Vernonia echioides Less. (2n = 34), a widely distributed species in which only tetraploid populations (n = 34, 2n = 68) were recorded to date. The chromosome numbers found in Vernonanthura amplexicaulis (R.E.Fr.) H. Rob. (2n = 34), V. chamaedrys (n = 17, 2n = 34), V. ferruginea (Less.) H. Rob. (2n = 34), V. loretensis (Hieron.) H. Rob. (2n = 34), V. nudiflora (Less.) H. Rob. (2n = 34), V. squamulosa (Hook. et Arn.) H. Rob. (n = 17, 2n = 34), V. tweediana (Baker) H. Rob. (2n = 34) and Vernonia echioides (n = 34) are in agreement with previous records for these species. All the species of Vernonanthura and Vernonia analyzed here showed basic number x 2 = 17 and almost all them were diploid with 2n = 34. The single exception was Vernonia echioides which showed diploid (2n = 34) and tetraploid (2n = 68) populations.
Performance Analysis of Full-Duplex Massive MIMO Systems With Low-Resolution ADCs/DACs Over Rician Fading Channels

This paper analyzes the performance of multi-user full-duplex (FD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with low resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) under Rician fading channels. The maximum ratio combining and maximum ratio transmission are used at the base station (BS) for the uplink and downlink, respectively. By leveraging on the additive quantization noise model, tight closed-form approximations of the uplink and downlink achievable rates are obtained for both perfect and imperfect channel state information cases. The results show the impact of the Rician $K$-factor, ADC/DAC resolution, loop interference, and inter-user interference of the systems. In addition, we adopt the power scaling law to show that to achieve a fixed level of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, the transmit power of each user and the BS can be scaled down proportionally to the inverse of the BS antenna number. Moreover, we compare the performance of the FD mode and the half-duplex mode, and study the trade-off between the achievable rate and BS energy efficiency. Numerical results show that the use of low-resolution ADCs/DACs can significantly improve the BS energy efficiency with only small reduction in the achievable rate of the FD system.
Ethylene and carbon dioxide production by developing strawberries show a correlative pattern that is indicative of ripening climacteric fruit

Laser photoacoustic spectroscopy continuously quantified the ethylene (C2H4) produced by strawberry flowers and fruits developing in planta. C2H4 was first detected as flower buds opened and exhibited diurnal oscillations (to approximately 200 pl flower(-1) h(-1)) before petal abscission. Exogenous application of silver thiosulphate (STS) to detached flowers inhibited petal abscission and flower senescence. In fruit, C2H4 production was maintained at a 'low level' (10-60 pl fruit(-1) h(-1)) until fruit expanded when levels increased in a diurnal pattern (to 200 pl fruit(-1) h(-1)). After expansion, C2H4 production declined to a low level until fruit attained the red-ripe stage for at least 24 h. After this time, C2H4 levels increased linearly (no diurnal fluctuation) to approximately 1 nL fruit(-1) h(-1). Twenty-four hours after the re-initiation of C2H4 production by red fruit, CO2 levels increased approximately three-fold, indicative of a respiratory climacteric. STS applied to fruits developing in planta and dissected fruit parts ex situ established that C2H4 production is regulated by negative feedback until fruits had expanded. The C2H4 produced by red-ripe fruit was regulated by positive feedback. Anti-1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase IgG localization identified immunoreactive antigens of 40 and 30 kDa (M-r) within the fruit achenes of expanding and red-ripe fruit. Analysis of dissected fruit showed that seed C2H4 accounts for 50% the C2H4 that is detectable from ripe fruit.
Magnetic excitation and readout of methyl group tunnel coherence

A nearby electron spin breaks symmetry of methyl protons and thus provides a handle on the tunnel transitions. Methyl groups are ubiquitous in synthetic materials and biomolecules. At sufficiently low temperature, they behave as quantum rotors and populate only the rotational ground state. In a symmetric potential, the three localized substates are degenerate and become mixed by the tunnel overlap to delocalized states separated by the tunnel splitting νt. Although νt can be inferred by several techniques, coherent superposition of the tunnel-split states and direct measurement of νt have proven elusive. Here, we show that a nearby electron spin provides a handle on the tunnel transition, allowing for its excitation and readout. Unlike existing dynamical nuclear polarization techniques, our experiment transfers polarization from the electron spin to methyl proton spins with an efficiency that is independent of the magnetic field and does not rely on an unusually large tunnel splitting. Our results also demonstrate control of quantum states despite the lack of an associated transition dipole moment.
A survey of terrestrial nematodes from the McMurdo Sound region, Antarctica

Abstract A survey was undertaken of the nematode fauna associated with moss and algal growth from terrestrial sites on Ross Island and the Dry Valleys of the McMurdo Sound region, Antarctica. Six species, in decreasing order of abundance, were identified: Plectus frigophilus, Eudorylaimus antarcticus, Scottnema lindsayae, Plectus antarcticus, Panagrolaimus davidi, and Monhystera villosa. Maps are given showing the distribution of these species. Cultures of Panagrolaimus davidi, Plectus antarcticus, and Plectus frigophilus were establishedonnutrient agar plates, feeding on bacteria.
Correlative Changes of Growth, Pigmentation and Lipid Composition of Dunaliella salina in Response to Halostress

SUMMARY: The growth rate of Dunaliella salina was optimal in the presence of 2·5 to 5% (w/v) NaCl and growth continued up to 30% NaCl. The carotene to chlorophyll ratio gradually increased from about 1·1 at 2·5% NaCl to 7·7 at 30% NaCl and the chloroplast showed some degeneration; however, with 30% NaCl, intact thylakoids were still recognized. The total lipid content of the cells decreased with increasing salinity but the major lipid classes in all extracts were monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, digalactosyldiacylglycerols, sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerols and phosphatidylglycerols. Considerable proportions of diacylglycerotrimethylhomoserines were also present, whereas the proportions of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines were relatively low. Increasing the salinity of the medium resulted in a large increase in the proportions of constituent linolenic acid (18:3) both in total lipids and in the galactolipids and of palmitoleic acid (16:1) in phosphatidylglycerols. The results are discussed in view of the probable relation of chloroplast lipids to photosynthetic activity, and the fact that the osmoregulator glycerol is produced via photosynthesis.
Triadic interactions among Macaca radiata: Passports and buffers

Male members of a group of captive Macaca radiata at the California Primate Research Center held and carried infants as they approached or were approached by higher‐ranking males and as they were threatened by other males. Male infants between the ages of 25 and 84 weeks were involved in triadic interactions more frequently than were female infants of any age or male infants of other ages. That males were less likely to be harassed while huddling with or embracing infants suggested that infants provided an effective buffer against aggression.
Response of red hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) to water and nitrogen under drip and check basin method of irrigation

The present investigation was undertaken for the period of two years (2004 and 2005) to evaluate the effect of various levels of water and N application through drip irrigation on red hot pepper yield, Water Use Efficiency (WUE) and Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE). In this experiment various combination of three irrigation treatments (Drip irrigation at 0.5 and 1.0xEpan, check basin method of irrigation at 1.0xEpan) and three nitrogen levels (50, 75 and 100% of recommended nitrogen) were compared in split plot design having three replications. The results revealed that when the same quantity of water and nitrogen (100% of recommended) was supplied through drip irrigation system, it increased the red hot pepper yield to 277.4 q ha (an increase of 28.4%) under check basin method of irrigation. In check basin method of irrigation, the highest red hot pepper yield (216.1 q ha) obtained at 100% of recommended N, while in drip irrigation at 1.0xEpan, the yield was highest at 75% of recommended N. When water and nitrogen was supplied through drip at 0.5xEpan, the yield remained statistically same at all the levels of nitrogen, however proved superior over drip irrigation at 1.0xEpan at all the levels of N. When half the recommended amount of N was supplied through drip at 0.5xEpan. , WUE and NUE increased by 232.1 and 38.7% over check basin method of irrigation. At lower level of drip irrigation 0.5xEpan, Root length increased significantly with drip irrigation treatments as compared to check basin method of irrigation and found maximum (36.3 m) at lower level of drip irrigation 0.5xEpan. Thus drip irrigation at 0.5x Epan is beneficial for red hot pepper in term of yield, better morphological characters, viz, plant height, number of branches, root length, size and weight of fruits along with 58.6% saving of irrigation water over check basin method of irrigation.
Energy-Saving Potential of Extending Temperature Set-Points in a VRF Air-Conditioned Building

Building energy savings and occupant thermal comfort are the main issues in building technology. As such, the development of energy-efficient heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems and the control strategies of HVAC systems are emerging as important topics in the HVAC industry. Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems have efficient energy performance, so the use of VRF systems in buildings is increasing. However, most studies on VRF systems focus on improving mechanical efficiency, with few studies on energy-efficient control while satisfying the thermal comfort of occupants. The goal is to estimate the energy-saving potential of adjusting the temperature set-points and dead-band (range) in VRF air-conditioned building. To do so, we analyzed the influence of control strategies of a VRF system on human thermal comfort and energy consumption using a simulation method. The results showed that energy consumption can be reduced by 25.4% for predicted mean vote (PMV)-based control and 27.0% for the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) comfort range control compared with the typical set-point temperature control of a VRF system. The indoor thermal environments of the analyzed control strategies are controlled in the thermal comfort range, which is based on a PMV at ±0.5. Compared with the typical set-point control, PMV and ASHRAE comfort range-based control reduced the operation time of the compressor in the VRF system.
Analysis of genetic variation among populations of Withania somnifera (L.) in South India based on RAPD markers.

Aim: The present study was carried out to analyze the genetic variations among 20 different populations of W ithania somnifera(L.) Dunal collected from different habitats (locations) by RAPD analysis. Methodology: DNA was isolated from the fresh leaf samples collected from the field by Bernatsky and Tankley method. Isolated genomic DNA was purified by phenol: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) extraction mixture and then amplified by MJ themal cycler. Amplified DNA products were quantified and then subjected to RAPD analysis by the method of Williams et al. Results:Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genetic Research Article
Regulatory Stress Testing and Bank Performance

This paper investigates the impact of stress testing results on bank's equity and CDS performance using a large sample of twelve tests from the US CCAR and the European EBA regimes in the time period from 2010 to 2018. We find that passing banks experience positive abnormal equity returns and tighter CDS spreads, while failing banks show strong drops in equity prices and widening CDS spreads. We also document strong market reactions at the announcement date of the stress tests. Although the institutional designs between US and European stress tests differ, we generally observe similar capital market consequences for both regimes. We complement existing studies by investigating the predictability of stress test outcomes and evaluating strategic options for affected banks and investors.
Late Quaternary climate in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

- Pour aborder l'histoire climatique du Quaternaire superieur au Proche-Orient, il s'avere necessaire de reevaluer la chronologie des diagrammes polliniques de Grece et Syrie, precedemment publies, qui sont ici selectionnes. On admet que des spectres polliniques specifiques et identiques sont synchrones. La chronologie absolue est basee sur des dates AMS (Spectrometrie de Masse par Accelerateur) d'une carotte marine en Adriatique, dont le diagramme pol Unique peut etre carre le avec ceux de Grece, puis de Syrie. La succession de deux evenements marqueurs est largement observee : une phase ou l'abondance du pollen d'Herbacees, principalement des Chenopodiacees issues d'un milieu desertique, est la plus elevee de tout le Quaternaire superieur, et qui est identifiee comme Dryas Recent, date 11 000-10,000 ans B.P. Puis, une phase ou le pollen de Pistacia, un arbre typiquement mediterraneen, est present, de 9,000 a 6,000 ans B.P. L'abondance du pollen de Pistacia est maxima de 9,000 a 8,000 ou 7 500 B.P. Celle du pollen de Chene caducifolie croit rapidement a partir de 10,000 ans B.P. jusqu'a une valeur maxima en meme temps que le Pistacia. Ce dernier disparait pendant quelques centaines d'annees, puis reapparait avec des valeurs inferieures au maximum precedent, jusqu'a 6,000 ans B.P. Apres 6 500 ans B.P, divers arbres temperes a feuilles caduques atteignent une abondance pollinique maxima. Le Dryas Recent est interprete comme tres aride et froid. L'augmentation du Chene apres 10,000 ans B.P. indique une augmentation des precipitations, jusque vers 650 mm, dont une partie en ete, et de la temperature moyenne annuelle. La phase du maximum de Pistacia est un Optimum climatique thermique avec des hivers sans gelees. Les arbres cadu- cifolies divers indiquent des precipitations encore ou meme plus abondantes, y compris en ete, mais aussi des hivers plus froids, qui eliminent le Pistacia. Cette evolution de la vegetation et du climat concerne les bordures nord et est de la Mediterranee orientale. La comparaison avec celle des aires continentales et oceaniques peripheriques exclut la possibilite qu'aucune region du Proche-Orient puisse avoir eu une histoire climatique completement opposee.
Forest productivity estimated from carbon dioxide uptake.

Net photosynthesis of the three dominant tree species of the oak—pine forest of central Long Island was monitored intensively throughout one growing season to test the practicality of field measurements of net photosynthesis for estimating gross production of a forest. White Oak (Quercus alba) leaves absorbed 16.9 g CO2/g of leaf during the growing season; scarlet oak (Q. coccinea) absorbed 9.9 g/g; pitch pine (Pinus rigida), 7.5 g/g. Previously published data integrated with the CO2 exchange rates over the growing season gave a new estimate of gross production for the forest of 2,950 g dry matter/m2 per year. This value is approximately 10—22% higher than previous estimates which were based principally on harvest techniques. The discrepancy between estimates emphasizes the difficulty of the measurements and the scale of the errors one must expect even with elaborate techniques. See full-text article at JSTOR