Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Web-Based Multifaceted Approach for Community-Based HIV Self-Testing Among Female Sex Workers in Indonesia: Protocol for a Randomized Community Trial

Background New HIV infections in Indonesia continue to be concentrated among key populations, including female sex workers (FSWs). However, increasing HIV testing among this subpopulation remains a challenge, necessitating exploration into alternative testing modalities. Objective This study aims to assess whether the addition of an oral fluid testing option in community settings would increase the rate of HIV case identification among FSWs. Because the study was implemented early in the outbreak of COVID-19 in Indonesia, a secondary objective is to assess approaches and tools for implementing both community outreach and community HIV screening for FSWs during pandemic conditions. Methods We undertook a community-based randomized trial in 23 national priority districts in which community outreach services were being provided. Community-based screening using an oral fluid-based rapid test was added to the community outreach standard of care in intervention districts with clients having the option of performing the test themselves or being assisted by outreach workers. A web-based system was created to screen for eligibility and collect participant data and test results, facilitating the process for both unassisted and assisted participants. Participants with reactive screening results were encouraged to undergo HIV testing at a health facility to confirm their diagnosis and initiate antiretroviral treatment as needed. Multiple means of recruitment were deployed including through outreach workers and social media campaigns. Results Of the 1907 FSWs who registered, met the eligibility criteria, and gave consent to participate, 1545 undertook community oral fluid test (OFT) screening. Most (1516/1545, 98.1%) opted for assisted screening. Recruitment via social media fell far short of expectations as many who registered independently for the OFT because of the social media campaign did not identify as FSWs. They were eventually not eligible to participate, but their interest points to the possibility of implementing HIV self-testing in the general population. The successful recruitment through outreach workers, facilitated by social media, indicates that their roles remain crucial in accessing FSW networks and improving HIV testing uptake. Conclusions The addition of HIV self-testing to the standard of care supported by a web-based data collection system was able to increase HIV case identification among FSWs in intervention districts. The high satisfaction of OFT users and the interest of the general population toward this alternative testing modality are promising for scaling up community HIV screening nationally. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04578145; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04578145 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/27168
Reduction in Fatigue Symptoms Following the Administration of Nutritional Supplements in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Despite recent advances in immune-modulatory drugs, pharmacological therapies have been proven ineffective in severe presentations of multiple sclerosis (MS), including secondary progressive MS. At present, therapeutic interventions’ performance is primarily focused on ameliorating symptoms to improve the patient’s quality of life (QOL). Among complementary treatments, nutrition has been considered a decisive factor to control symptoms and enhance the wellness of MS patients. Although no special diets are associated with MS, the impact of diet and dietary supplements on the course of progressive forms of the disease has been studied during the last few years. Fatigue is among the most common and disabling symptoms reported by MS patients. Fatigue has been defined in the Multiple Sclerosis Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines (MSCCPG, 1998) as a “subjective lack of physical and/or mental energy that the individual perceives as an interference with habitual and desired activities”. This study aimed to compare the psychometric functioning of the “Fatigue Severity Scale” (FSS) and the “Modified Fatigue Impact Scale” (MFIS) in our sample of people with MS. Specifically, during chronic treatment, the change in these two parameters with two vitamin-rich dietary supplements (Citozym® and Ergozym®) was evaluated. The impact of these nutritional supplements revealed differences in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory parameters among the volunteers in the treatment group, with a subsequent improvement in fatigue. In conclusion, the results obtained have confirmed the effectiveness of complementary nutritional therapies, evaluated essentially based on hematological biomarkers, through which it is possible to act on disability to improve the QOL of MS patients.
Automatic Extraction of Lung Cancer Staging Information From Computed Tomography Reports: Deep Learning Approach

Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Clinical staging of lung cancer plays a crucial role in making treatment decisions and evaluating prognosis. However, in clinical practice, approximately one-half of the clinical stages of lung cancer patients are inconsistent with their pathological stages. As one of the most important diagnostic modalities for staging, chest computed tomography (CT) provides a wealth of information about cancer staging, but the free-text nature of the CT reports obstructs their computerization. Objective We aimed to automatically extract the staging-related information from CT reports to support accurate clinical staging of lung cancer. Methods In this study, we developed an information extraction (IE) system to extract the staging-related information from CT reports. The system consisted of the following three parts: named entity recognition (NER), relation classification (RC), and postprocessing (PP). We first summarized 22 questions about lung cancer staging based on the TNM staging guideline. Next, three state-of-the-art NER algorithms were implemented to recognize the entities of interest. Next, we designed a novel RC method using the relation sign constraint (RSC) to classify the relations between entities. Finally, a rule-based PP module was established to obtain the formatted answers using the results of NER and RC. Results We evaluated the developed IE system on a clinical data set containing 392 chest CT reports collected from the Department of Thoracic Surgery II in the Peking University Cancer Hospital. The experimental results showed that the bidirectional encoder representation from transformers (BERT) model outperformed the iterated dilated convolutional neural networks-conditional random field (ID-CNN-CRF) and bidirectional long short-term memory networks-conditional random field (Bi-LSTM-CRF) for NER tasks with macro-F1 scores of 80.97% and 90.06% under the exact and inexact matching schemes, respectively. For the RC task, the proposed RSC showed better performance than the baseline methods. Further, the BERT-RSC model achieved the best performance with a macro-F1 score of 97.13% and a micro-F1 score of 98.37%. Moreover, the rule-based PP module could correctly obtain the formatted results using the extractions of NER and RC, achieving a macro-F1 score of 94.57% and a micro-F1 score of 96.74% for all the 22 questions. Conclusions We conclude that the developed IE system can effectively and accurately extract information about lung cancer staging from CT reports. Experimental results show that the extracted results have significant potential for further use in stage verification and prediction to facilitate accurate clinical staging.
Highly efficient removal of acid red 18 from aqueous solution by magnetically retrievable chitosan/carbon nanotube: Batch study, isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics

A new strategy to retrieve chitosan-decorated carbon nanotube (CS/CNT) from aqueous dispersion was proposed. The CS/CNT, prepared via a “surface deposition–crosslinking” method, exhibited an aggregation microstructure with plentiful interstitial spaces. By introducing magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) into CS/CNT dispersion solution, MNP was embedded in the CS/CNT aggregates, which endowed the CS/CNT with magnetic retrievability. Using this strategy, a simple and convenient operation for the removal of anionic azo dye (acid red 18 (AR18)) was achieved by directly adding CS/CNT and MNP into the dye solution, where CS/CNT acted as an adsorbent and MNP enabled all CS/CNT aggregates to be magnetically retrievable. Effects of pH, ionic strength, contact time, temperature, and initial AR18 concentration on adsorption efficiency were investigated. Results showed that AR18 adsorption could achieve equilibrium quickly and the maximum adsorption capacity could be up to 809.9 mg·g–1 at 323.15 K. Full kinetic and thermodyn.
Stress amelioration response of glycine betaine and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sorghum under Cr toxicity

Chromium toxicity is a major problem in agricultural soils that negatively affects a plant’s metabolic activities. It reduces biochemical and antioxidant defence system’s activities. In search of the solution to this problem a two-year pot experiment (completely randomized design with three replications), in three genetically different varieties of sorghum (SSG 59–3, HJ 513 and HJ 541) under Cr toxicity (2 and 4 ppm) was conducted to determine the effect of glycine betaine (50 and 100mM) and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the antioxidant system (enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase and metabolites viz. glutathione, ascorbate, proline, β-carotene) along with Cr accumulation and indices of oxidative stress parameters (polyphenol oxidase, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde) at two growth stages (vegetative and grain filling). According to results; Cr stress (2 & 4 ppm) increased its accumulation and indices of oxidative stresses significantly (p≤0.05) in all varieties of sorghum at both growth stages. However, soil application of glycine betaine (GB) and AMF decreased Cr accumulation and indices of oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes and metabolites activities at both growth stages in all varieties. The combination of 100mM GB with AMF was observed most significant (p≤0.05) in decreasing oxidative stress and improved the antioxidant system’s activities. The SSG 59–3 cultivar showed the lowest Cr accumulation (1.60 and 8.61 ppm), indices of oxidative stress and highest antioxidant system’s activity among these three cultivars at both growth stages. Thus, SSG 59–3 was found most tolerant cultivars followed by HJ 513 and then HJ 541. These findings suggest that both GB and AMF, either individually or combined can play a positive role to reduce oxidative stress and increased antioxidant attributes under Cr toxicity in sorghum.
Building optimal and sustainable kidney care in low resource settings: The role of healthcare systems

Healthcare systems in low‐income and lower‐middle income countries (LLMICs) face significant challenges in the provision of health services, for example, kidney care to the population. Although this is linked to several high‐level factors such as poor infrastructure, socio‐demographic and political factors, healthcare funding has often been cited as the major reason for the wide gap in availability, accessibility and quality of care between LLMICs and rich countries. With the steady rising incidence and prevalence of kidney diseases globally, as well as cost of care, LLMICs are likely to suffer more consequences of these increases than rich countries and may be unable to meet targets of universal health coverage (UHC) for kidney diseases. As health systems in LLMICs continue to adapt in finding ways to provide access to affordable kidney care, various empirical and evidence‐based strategies can be applied to assist them. This review uses a framework for healthcare strengthening developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess various challenges that health systems in LLMICs confront in providing optimal kidney care to their population. We also suggest ways to overcome these barriers and strengthen health systems to improve kidney care in LLMICs.
Genetic and environmental influences on executive functions and intelligence in middle childhood.

Executive functions (EFs) and intelligence (IQ) are phenotypically correlated. In twin studies, latent variables for EFs and IQ display moderate to high heritability estimates; however, they show variable genetic correlations in twin studies spanning childhood to middle age. We analyzed data from over 11,000 children (9-10-year-olds, including 749 twin pairs) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study to examine the phenotypic and genetic relations between EFs and IQ in childhood. We identified two EF factors -- Common EF and Updating-Specific -- which were both related to IQ (rs = .64-.81). Common EF and IQ were heritable (53-67%), and their genetic correlation (rG = .86) was not significantly different than 1. These results suggest that EFs and IQ are phenotypically but not genetically separable in middle childhood, meaning that this phenotypic separability may be influenced by environmental factors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Electroactive edge site-enriched nickel–cobalt sulfide into graphene frameworks for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

Tailor-made edge site-enriched inorganics coupled graphene hybrids hold a promising platform material for high-performance supercapacitors. Herein, we report a simple strategy for fabricating edge site-enriched nickel–cobalt sulfide (Ni–Co–S) nanoparticles decorated on graphene frameworks to form integrated hybrid architectures (Ni–Co–S/G) via an in situ chemically converted method. The Kirkendall effect-involved anion exchange reaction, e.g. the etching-like effort of the S2− ions, plays a crucial role for the formation of the edge site-enriched nanostructure. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the Ni–Co–S edge sites have a high electrochemical activity and strong affinity for OH− in the electrolyte, which are responsible for the enhanced electrochemical performance. Benefiting from the integrated structures of Ni–Co–S nanoparticles and conductive graphene substrates, the resultant Ni–Co–S/G hybrid electrodes exhibit a high specific capacitance of 1492 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1, a superior rate capability of 96% when the current density is increased to 50 A g−1, and excellent electrochemical stabilities. An asymmetric supercapacitor fabricated using the edge site-enriched Ni–Co–S/G hybrids as the positive electrode and porous carbon nanosheets (PCNS) as negative electrodes shows a high energy density of 43.3 W h kg−1 at a power density of 0.8 kW kg−1, and an energy density of 28.4 W h kg−1 can be retained even at a high power density of 22.1 kW kg−1.
Median-to-Ulnar Nerve Communication in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: An Electrophysiological Study

The median-to-ulnar communicating branch (MUC) is an asymptomatic variant of the upper limb innervation that can lead to interpretation errors in routine nerve conduction studies. The diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) or ulnar nerve lesions can be complicated by the presence of MUC. In this study, we describe electrophysiological features of MUC in CTS patients presenting to our clinic. We enrolled MUB cases from consecutive CTS patients referred to our laboratory between the years 2014 and 2019. MUC was present in 53 limbs (36 patients) from the studied population. MUC was bilateral in 53% of patients. MUC type II was the most common subtype (74%), followed by types III and I; more coexisting MUC types were found in the majority of tested limbs. A positive correlation was demonstrated between the severity of CTS and the presence of positive onset, faster CV, or a double component of the compound muscle action potentials. We emphasize the importance of suspecting the presence of MUC in CTS in the presence of a positive onset or a double component in routine motor conduction studies.
A comprehensive synthesis unveils the mysteries of phosphate‐solubilizing microbes

Phosphate‐solubilizing microbes (PSMs) drive the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus (P) and hold promise for sustainable agriculture. However, their global distribution, overall diversity and application potential remain unknown. Here, we present the first synthesis of their biogeography, diversity and utility, employing data from 399 papers published between 1981 and 2017, the results of a nationwide field survey in China consisting of 367 soil samples, and a genetic analysis of 12986 genome‐sequenced prokaryotic strains. We show that at continental to global scales, the population density of PSMs in environmental samples is correlated with total P rather than pH. Remarkably, positive relationships exist between the population density of soil PSMs and available P, nitrate‐nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in soil, reflecting functional couplings between PSMs and microbes driving biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and carbon. More than 2704 strains affiliated with at least nine archaeal, 88 fungal and 336 bacterial species were reported as PSMs. Only 2.59% of these strains have been tested for their efficiencies in improving crop growth or yield under field conditions, providing evidence that PSMs are more likely to exert positive effects on wheat growing in alkaline P‐deficient soils. Our systematic genetic analysis reveals five promising PSM genera deserving much more attention.
The Effect of Ethanol Concentration on the Temporal Perception of Viscosity and Density in White Wine

Time-Intensity (T-I) methodology and a trained panel were used to characterize the perceived intensities of viscosity and density in a dealcoholized white wine over a concentration series of added ethanol (0, 3%, 7%, 10%, 12%, and 14% v/v). While ethanol concentration was found to be highly correlated with maximum perceived intensity and physical measurements of viscosity and density, perceived viscosity and density maxima were best described by quadratic and cubic models, respectively. Intensity maxima for viscosity and density occurred at 10% and 12% v/v ethanol concentration, respectively, although wines of 7% to 14% ethanol were not statistically differentiated for either attribute. This is somewhat surprising given anecdotal comments espousing the positive fullness characters of so called `high alcohol9 wines. Based on the combined results from correlation and principal component analyses, the T-I curve-derived parameters important in explaining perceived viscosity and density in white wine appear to be maximum intensity, persistence of maximum intensity, rate of increase, rate of decrease (for density), and area under the curve.
Feasibility of patient‐performed lung ultrasound self‐exams (Patient‐PLUS) as a potential approach to telemedicine in heart failure

Patient‐performed lung ultrasound (LUS) in a heart failure (HF) telemedicine model may be used to monitor worsening pulmonary oedema and to titrate therapy, potentially reducing HF admission. The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of training HF patients to perform a LUS self‐exam in a telemedicine model.
Dance practice modifies functional fitness, lipid profile, and self-image in postmenopausal women

Abstract Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of dance practice on body composition, metabolic profile, functional fitness, and self-image/self-esteem in postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 36 postmenopausal participants (mean age 57 years) danced three times per week for 90 minutes each day and were evaluated before and after 16 weeks. The parameters evaluated were body composition (body fat and lean mass), blood lipids, functional fitness, self-image, and self-esteem. Results: Statistical analysis was done using Student t test for paired samples and the Wilcoxon test with P values less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Lower triglycerides (baseline = 156.5 ± 17.0 mg/dL; after 16-weeks = 131.5 ± 12.9 mg/dL; P < 0.01), higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (baseline = 55.4 ± 15.9 mg/dL; after 16 weeks = 60.0 ± 15.4 mg/dL; P < 0.001), and higher total cholesterol (baseline = 199.5 ± 26.8 mg/dL; after 16 weeks = 211.8 ± 35.7 mg/dL; P < 0.01) levels were observed in postmenopausal women. Dance intervention improved coordination (baseline = 8.6 ± 2.6; after 16 weeks = 6.7 ± 1.6; P < 0.001), agility (baseline = 55.9 ± 8.8; after 16 weeks = 64.1 ± 8.3; P < 0.001), and aerobic capability (baseline = 446.8 ± 63.4; after 16 weeks = 377.4 ± 53.8; P < 0.001). Classification of general function fitness index (GFFI) was considered regular at baseline (GFFI of 200-299), but improved after 16 weeks of dance practice (GFFI of 300-399, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The 16-week dance intervention was effective in improving not only the lipid profile and functional fitness of postmenopausal women, but also self-image and self-esteem.
Delayed localized hypersensitivity reactions to COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines: a 6‐month retrospective study

Several individuals have developed delayed localized cutaneous vaccine reactions to the two novel mRNA Covid‐19 vaccines. Clinical and histopathologic results of this case series study confirm that the localized injection‐site reactions to the mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines are delayed hypersensitivity reactions that, unlike immediate hypersensitivity reactions, are not a contraindication to vaccination.
A deep learning method for single-trial EEG classification in RSVP task based on spatiotemporal features of ERPs

Objective. Single-trial electroencephalography (EEG) classification is of great importance in the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), as one of the mainstream deep learning methods, have been proven to be effective in extracting RSVP EEG features. However, most existing CNN models for EEG classification do not consider the phase-locked characteristic of event-related potential (ERP) components very well in the architecture design. Here, we propose a novel CNN model to make better use of the phase-locked characteristic to extract spatiotemporal features for single-trial RSVP EEG classification. Based on the phase-locked characteristic, the spatial distributions of the main ERP component in different periods can be learned separately. Approach. In this work, we propose a novel CNN model to achieve superior performance on single-trial RSVP EEG classification. We introduce the combination of the standard convolutional layer, the permute layer and the depthwise convolutional layer to separately operate the spatial convolution in different periods, which more fully utilizes the phase-locked characteristic of ERPs for classification. We compare our model with several traditional and deep-learning methods in the classification performance. Moreover, we use spatial topography and saliency map to visually analyze the ERP features extracted by our model. Main results. The results show that our model obtains better classification performance than those of reference methods. The spatial topographies of each subject exhibit the typical ERP spatial distribution in different time periods. And the saliency map of each subject illustrates the discriminant electrodes and the meaningful temporal features. Significance. Our model is designed with better consideration of the phase-locked ERP characteristic and reaches excellent performance on single-trial RSVP EEG classification.