Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Processing of non-canonical word orders in (in)felicitous contexts: evidence from event-related brain potentials

ABSTRACT In many languages with flexible word orders, canonical word order has a processing advantage over non-canonical word orders. This observation suggests that it is more costly for the parser to represent syntactically complex sentences. Alternatively, this phenomenon may relate to pragmatic factors because most previous studies have presented non-canonical word orders without felicitous context, which violates participants’ expectations regarding the information structure. The present study conducted an event-related potential experiment to examine the locus of the processing difficulty associated with non-canonical word orders in Japanese by manipulating word order (SOV vs. OSV) and the givenness of arguments. The results showed that OSV elicited a sustained left anterior negativity from O to S and a P600 effect at S compared to that of SOV in the infelicitous but not in the felicitous context. This result suggests that the processing difficulty of non-canonical word orders in Japanese is alleviated by discourse factors.
METTL14 mediates m6a modification on osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by regulating the processing of pri-miR-873

N6-methyl-adenosine (m6a) is involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases such as autogenic immune disease and tumors. Methyltransferases regulate primary (pri)-microRNA (miRNA/miR) processing by mediating m6a modifications, consequently affecting pathological processes including immune-related diseases by regulating both innate and adaptive immune cells. However, the roles of m6a on the biological functions of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) remain to be elucidated. The relative expression levels of methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) and other methyltransferases, demethylases, and miR-873 in bone samples from patients with osteoporosis and from normal individuals were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to examine the proliferation of BMSCs. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to investigate the binding of METTL14 to DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8 (DGCR8). RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) was used to examine the binding of METTL14 to pri-miR-873. METTL14 and m6a modifications were highly detected in patients with osteoporosis compared with the controls. Co-IP results indicated that silencing of METTL14 reduced METTL14 and m6a modification levels in BMSCs. Downregulation of METTL14 significantly promoted the proliferation of BMSCs. RIP results suggested that METTL14/m6a methylation modification promoted the processing of pri-miR-873 by binding to DGCR8 in BMSCs. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-873 inhibited the proliferation of BMSCs. The results also showed that miR-873 mimics significantly inhibited the proliferation in small interfering (si)-METTL14 transfected BMSCs; however, miR-873 inhibitors markedly promoted the proliferation of si-METTL14 transfected BMSCs. METTL14 and m6a modifications were upregulated in osteoporosis samples. METTL14 promoted the processing of pri-miR-873 into mature miR-873 by regulating m6a modification. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-873 significantly inhibited the proliferation of BMSCs. Therefore, the METTL14/m6a/miR-873 axis may be a potential target for the treatment of osteoporosis.
A fully coupled method for massively parallel simulation of hydraulically driven fractures in 3‐dimensions

This paper describes a fully coupled finite element/finite volume approach for simulating field‐scale hydraulically driven fractures in three dimensions, using massively parallel computing platforms. The proposed method is capable of capturing realistic representations of local heterogeneities, layering and natural fracture networks in a reservoir. A detailed description of the numerical implementation is provided, along with numerical studies comparing the model with both analytical solutions and experimental results. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for modeling large‐scale problems involving hydraulically driven fractures in three dimensions. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
How to measure mental illness stigma at work: development and validation of the workplace mental illness stigma scale

Introduction The study objective was to design a new theoretically driven multidimensional scale for the use in the empirical measurement of stigmatizing attitudes towards persons with mental illness within the return-to-work process as this integral part of vocational reintegration has been widely neglected by scholars so far. Methods Therefore, we developed and validated a 21-item instrument to comprehensively measure the three-factorial structure of stigmatizing attitudes (affect, cognition, behavior) across two studies (overall N = 251). Results In both studies the new scale proved to be highly internally consistent, and its proposed three-factor structure was equally supported across the two studies. Convergent and discriminant validity were demonstrated by moderate and high correlations or zero correlations with pertinent measures. Furthermore, construct validity of the new scale was supported by significant positive associations with relevant personality characteristics within stigma research. Discussion The WMISS is the first instrument to measure mental health stigma specifically within the return-to-work-process and demonstrates strong psychometric properties. Inclusion of this scale in future research can help facilitate understanding of mental illness stigma within the occupational sector and assist with targeted intervention development.
Metabolomics and Lipidomics Studies in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: Biomarker Discovery for the Early Diagnosis and Prognosis

Aim. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with heterogeneous risk factors. Metabolic perturbations in the pathogenesis of the disease are remarkable to illuminate the interaction between genetic and environmental factors and how islet immunity and overt diabetes develop. This review aimed to integrate the metabolic changes of T1D to identify potential biomarkers for predicting disease progression based on recent metabolomics and lipidomics studies with parallel methodologies. Methods. A total of 18 metabolomics and lipidomics studies of childhood T1D during the last 15 years were reviewed. The metabolic fingerprints consisting of 41 lipids and/or metabolite classes of subjects with islet autoantibodies, progressors of T1D, and T1D children were mapped in four-time dimensions based on a tentative effect-score rule. Results. From birth, high-risk T1D subjects had decreased unsaturated triacylglycerols, unsaturated phosphatidylcholines (PCs), sphingomyelins (SMs), amino acids, and metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. On the contrary, lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and monosaccharides increased. And LPCs and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) were elevated before the appearance of islet autoantibodies but were lowered after seroconversion. Choline-related lipids (including PCs, SMs, and LPCs), BCAAs, and metabolites involved in the TCA cycle were identified as consensus biomarkers potentially predicting the development of islet autoimmunity and T1D. Decreased LPCs and amino acids indicated poor glycemic control of T1D, while elevated lysophosphatidylethanolamines and saturated PCs implied good glycemic control. Further pathway analysis revealed that biosynthesis of aminoacyl-tRNA, BCAAs, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism were significantly enriched. Moreover, established cohort studies and predictive statistical models of pediatric T1D were also summarized. Conclusion. The metabolic profile of high-risk T1D subjects and patients demonstrated significant changes compared with healthy controls. This integrated analysis provides a comprehensive overview of metabolic features and potential biomarkers in the pathogenesis and progression of T1D.
Green Supply Chain Management Practices as a Determinant of Organisational Competitiveness: An Empirical Study Among Hotels in India

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: The main aim of this study is to identify the indicators of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices for hotels that have an impact on environmental sustainability and organisational competitiveness. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employs a survey methodology with data collected from hotels in India. A structural equation modelling using warp partial least squares method (SEM) is used for data analysis and to test the hypotheses of the research model. Research findings: The results of the study indicate that the three antecedents have a positive impact on environment sustainability, which in turn positively influence the competitiveness of the hotels. Theoretical contribution/Originality: The study identifies the three GSCM antecedents that will impact environmental sustainability and organisational competitiveness, i.e., eco-friendly products, green internal environment and green management policy. Practitioner/Policy implications: The hotel industry has begun to recognise that going green can result in higher initial costs, but can lower overall operating costs. The findings of the study indicate that the three green factors identified in the upstream, midstream and downstream of the hotel supply chain are necessary for hotels to survive in the long run. Research limitation: The study can be expanded to restaurants and fast food chains in other parts of the country to measure the adoption of green practices. As more hotels and restaurants spring up in developing countries, more research in green practices along the entire supply chain is essential to for environmental preservation.
Evaluation of colour space transformation suitability to optical temperature measurements

All optical measurement methods base on the image analysis and relation between the measured parameter and some image features. In Digital Particle Image Thermometry (DPIT), such relation represents a function between the temperature and particles’ colour (i.a. Thermochromic Liquid Crystals). For the quantitative data acquisition the “colour” information is necessary, therefore the colour spaces based on hue H are used. Due to the big number of numerical operations needed in the analysis, the choice of colour space transformation is significant due to the accuracy and computational time. In this paper commonly applied RGB to HSI colour spaces’ transformations were compared and evaluation of their suitability to temperature measurement was performed. Time of obtaining the final results was considered as the main criterion. Appropriate calculations were conducted and presented.
Level Crossing Rate and Average Duration of Fades for TWDP Fading Channel

—This paper mainly proposes the Level-Crossing Rate (LCR) and Average Duration of Fades (ADF) of the Two Wave with Diffuse Power (TWDP) fading process. Both reference model and deterministic model are presented. The reference model is derived based on the description of TWDP process while the deterministic model is derived based on the Rice’s sum-of-sinusoids (SOS). The derived deterministic model is proved to consist with the reference model based on the central limit theorem. The simulation results show an excellent agreement between these two models and the simulations.
Intra-myometrial injection of carbetocin versus vasopressin for reduction of blood loss in myomectomy operations

Background: There are various contemporary therapies for uterine fibroids, but surgical resection— including hysterectomy and myomectomy—remains the primary method. This study compared the effectiveness of intramyometrial carbetocin injection versus vasopressin for reducing blood loss in myomectomy instances. Methods: This randomized, comparative clinical trial was performed on 60 female patients undergoing myomectomy with uterine fibroids, abnormal vaginal bleeding, chronic pelvic pain, pressure symptoms, or reproductive abnormalities and pre-operative hemoglobin levels > 10 g/dL. Three identical groups of patients were formed (N=20): Control group: No medications. Carbetocin group: Using 100 µg carbetocin. vasopressin group: using 20 units vasopressin. Results: In comparison to the other two groups, controls (881.25 ml) experienced a significant rise in overall blood loss (760 and 698 ml in the carbetocin and vasopressin groups respectively). Only two cases—one each in the carbetocin and vasopressin groups—required hysterectomy. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were significantly less in control group (9.15 gm/dl) than in the two treatment groups (9.61 and 10.05 gm/dl for carbetocin and vasopressin, respectively). Conclusions: Both vasopressin and carbetocin are safe and efficacious in decreasing bleeding after myomectomy.
Physiological and biochemical responses of wheat to synergistic effects of selenium nanoparticles and elevated CO2 conditions

Elevating CO2 (eCO2) levels will change behavior and the effect of soil fertilizers and nutrients. Selenium NPs (SeNPs) have arisen as an alternative to conventional Se fertilizers to enrich crops. However, it remains unclear whether eCO2 will change the biological effects of soil SeNPs on plant growth and metabolism. The current study aimed to shed new light on the interactive impacts of eCO2 and SeNPs on wheat plants. Accordingly, the attempts were to reveal whether the application of SeNPs can modulate the eCO2 effects on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) physiological and biochemical traits. With this goal, a pot experiment was carried out where the seeds were primed with SeNPs and plants were grown under two levels of CO2 concentrations (ambient CO2 (aCO2, 410 μmol CO2 mol−1; and eCO2 (710 μmol CO2 mol−1)) during six weeks after sowing. Although SeNPs+eCO2 treatment resulted in the highest accumulation of photosynthetic pigment content in leaves (+49-118% higher than control), strong evidence of the positive impacts on Rubisco activity (~+23%), and stomatal conductance (~+37%) was observed only under eCO2, which resulted in an improvement in photosynthesis capacity (+42%). When photosynthesis parameters were stimulated with eCO2, a significant improvement in dry matter production was detected, in particular under SeNPs+eCO2 which was 1.8 times higher than control under aCO2. The highest content of antioxidant enzymes, molecules, and metabolites was also recorded in SeNPs+eCO2, which might be associated with the nearly 50% increase in sodium content in shoots at the same treatment. Taken together, this is the first research documenting the effective synergistic impacts of eCO2 and SeNPs on the mentioned metabolites, antioxidants, and some photosynthetic parameters, an advantageous consequence that was not recorded in the individual application of these treatments, at least not as broadly as with the combined treatment.
The variation in the particle number size distribution during the rainfall: wet scavenging and air mass changing

Abstract. Below-cloud wet scavenging is an important pathway to remove atmospheric aerosols. The below-cloud wet-scavenging coefficient (BWSC) is the value to describe the ability of rainfall to remove aerosols. The reported BWSCs obtained from the field measurements are much higher than the theory, but the reason for this remains unclear. Based on the long-term field measurements in the Yangtze River Delta of eastern China, we find that 28 % of the rainfall events are high-BWSC events. The high-BWSC events show the sudden decrease in the particle number concentration in all size bins near the end of rainfall. By investigating the simultaneously observed changes in carbon monoxide and aerosol chemical compositions during rainfall events, the circulation patterns, and backward trajectories, we find the cause of the high-BWSC events is the air mass changing but not the wet scavenging. The change in air masses is always followed by the rainfall processes and cannot be screened out by the traditional meteorological criteria, which would cause the overestimation of BWSC. After excluding the high-BWSC events, the observed BWSC is close to the theory and is correlated with the rainfall intensity and particle number concentrations prior to rainfall. This study highlights that the discrepancy between the observed BWSC and the theoretical value may not be as large as is currently believed. To obtain reasonable BWSCs and parameterization from field measurements, the effect of air mass changing during rainfall needs to be carefully considered.
Exploring the explaining quality of physics online explanatory videos

Explaining skills are among the most important skills educators possess. Those skills have also been researched in recent years. During the same period, another medium has additionally emerged and become a popular source of information for learners: online explanatory videos, chiefly from the online video sharing website YouTube. Their content and explaining quality remain to this day mostly unmonitored, as well is their educational impact in formal contexts such as schools or universities. In this study, a framework for explaining quality, which has emerged from surveying explaining skills in expert-novice face-to-face dialogues, was used to explore the explaining quality of such videos (36 YouTube explanatory videos on Kepler’s laws and 15 videos on Newton’s third law). The framework consists of 45 categories derived from physics education research that deal with explanation techniques. YouTube provides its own ‘quality measures’ based on surface features including ‘likes’, views, and comments for each video. The question is whether or not these measures provide valid information for educators and students if they have to decide which video to use. We compared the explaining quality with those measures. Our results suggest that there is a correlation between explaining quality and only one of these measures: the number of content-related comments.
Light-Matter Interaction in Hybrid Quantum Plasmonic Systems

Attempting to implement quantum information related applications utilizing atoms and photons, as they naturally form quantum systems supporting superposition states, hybrid quantum plasmonic systems emerged in the past as a platform to study and engineer light-matter interaction. This platform combines the unrivaled electromagnetic field localization of surface plasmon polaritons, boosting the light-matter coupling rate, with the tremendous integration potential of truly nanoscale structures, and both the significant emission rates of nanoantennas and photonic transmission velocities. In this work, a classical description of surface plasmon polaritons is combined with a light-matter interaction model based on a cavity quantum electrodynamical formalism. The resulting composite semi-classical method, introduced and described in this thesis, provides efficient and versatile means to simulate the dynamical behavior of radiative atomic transitions coupled to plasmonic cavity modes in the weak incoherent coupling regime. Both the emission into the far field and various dissipation mechanisms are included by expanding the model to an open quantum system. The variety of light-matter interaction applications that can be modeled with the outlined method is indicated by the four different exemplary scenarios detailed in the application chapter of this thesis. The classical description of localized surface plasmon polaritons is benchmarked by reproducing the experimental measurements of the molecular fluorescence manipulation through optical nanoantennas in a collaborative effort with experimental partners. Furthermore, in the weak light-matter coupling regime, the potential of achieving a higher nanoantenna functionality and simultaneously realizing more elaborate quantum dynamics is revealed by the three remaining applications. Each pivotally involving a bimodal nanoantenna and demonstrating different quantum optical phenomena, the implementation of cavity radiation mode conversion, non-classical cavity emission statistics, and non-classical cavity emission properties is shown and described in the application chapter.
Solubilized Pancreatic Extracellular Matrix from Juvenile Pigs Protects Isolated Human Islets from Hypoxia-Induced Damage: A Viable Option for Clinical Islet Transplantation

The pancreatic extracellular matrix (ECM) is an enormously complex construct. Previous studies underline the challenges to identify the optimal combinations and ratios of individual ECM proteins for promoting survival and function of isolated and transplanted islets. This study aimed on assessing the efficiency of solubilized natural ECM extracted from juvenile pigs, an unlimited donor source. Isolated human islets were cultured under a hypoxic atmosphere (2% oxygen) in media supplemented with either solubilized porcine pancreatic ECM (ppECM) or a mixture of human ECM proteins composed of collagen-IV, laminin-521, and nidogen-1 (hEPM). Control islets were cultured under identical conditions without ECM-compounds. Reactive oxygen species production increased three-fold in controls but was reduced by hEPM or ppECM. Early apoptosis remained on preculture levels when islets were treated with hEPM or ppECM. Preculture viability was preserved when hEPM or ppECM was administered. Whilst controls failed to respond to glucose challenge, treatment with hEPM or ppECM preserved the physiological insulin response. In summary, overall survival was significantly highest in ppECM-treated islets. This study presents a new approach to protect human islets from hypoxia-induced damage by supplementing media with ppECM extracted from an unlimited donor source. The findings may also serve as starting point for a novel encapsulation technique to protect isolated human islets.
Dynamics of Extreme Stratospheric Negative Heat Flux Events in an Idealized Model

Recent work has shown that extreme stratospheric wave-1 negative heat flux events couple with the troposphere via an anomalous wave-1 signal. Here, a dry dynamical core model is used to investigate the dynamical mechanisms underlying the events. Ensemble spectral nudging experiments are used to isolate the role of specific dynamical components: 1) the wave-1 precursor, 2) the stratospheric zonal-mean flow, and 3) the higher-order wavenumbers. The negative events are partially reproduced when nudging the wave-1 precursor and the zonal-mean flow whereas they are not reproduced when nudging either separately. Nudging the wave-1 precursor and the higher-order wavenumbers reproduces the events, including the evolution of the stratospheric zonal-mean flow. Mechanism denial experiments, whereby one component is fixed to the climatology and others are nudged to the event evolution, suggest higher-order wavenumbers play a role by modifying the zonal-mean flow and through stratospheric wave–wave interaction. Nudging all tropospheric wave precursors (wave-1 and higher-order wavenumbers) confirms they are the source of the stratospheric waves. Nudging all stratospheric waves reproduces the tropospheric wave-1 signal. Taken together, the experiments suggest the events are consistent with downward wave propagation from the stratosphere to the troposphere and highlight the key role of higher-order wavenumbers.