Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term effects of mobile exoneuromusculoskeleton (ENMS)-assisted self-help telerehabilitation after stroke

Investigation on long-term effects of robot-assisted poststroke rehabilitation is challenging because of the difficulties in administration and follow-up of individuals throughout the process. A mobile hybrid neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)-robot, i.e., exoneuromusculoskeleton (ENSM) was adopted for a single-group trial to investigate the long-term effects of the robot-assisted self-help telerehabilitation on upper limb motor function after stroke. Twenty-two patients with chronic stroke were recruited to attend a 20-session telerehabilitation program assisted by the wrist/hand module of the ENMS (WH-ENMS). Participants were evaluated before, after, as well as at 3 months and 6 months after the training. The primary outcome measure was the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), supplemented by secondary outcome measures of the FMA-UE of the shoulder and elbow (FMA shoulder/elbow), the FMA-UE of the wrist and hand (FMA wrist/hand), the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), as well as electromyography (EMG) and kinematic measurements. Twenty participants completed the telerehabilitation program, with 19 returning for a 3-month follow-up, and 18 for a 6-month follow-up. Significantly improved clinical scores were observed after the training (p ≤ 0.05). These improvements were maintained after 6 months in the FMA-UE, FMA shoulder/elbow, MAS at the wrist flexor, WMFT score, WMFT time, and FIM (p ≤ 0.05). The maintained improvements in motor function were attributed to reduced muscular compensation, as indicated by EMG and kinematic parameters. The WH-ENMS-assisted self-help telerehabilitation could achieve long-lasting rehabilitative effects in chronic stroke.
Preliminary Simulations of Carbon Dioxide Injection and Geophysical Monitoring to Improve Imaging and Characterization of Faults and Fractures at EGS Sites

Faults and fractures filled with hot brine are difficult to image and characterize at EGS sites because they are practically indistinguishable from surrounding matrix heterogeneity using traditional seismic and well-logging tools. We are investigating the use of CO2 injection and production (push-pull) for contrast enhancement of faults and fractures for better characterization by active seismic and wireline well-logging approaches. In addition, we are modeling the pressure- and flow-rate-transient response of the system during push-pull to augment geophysical fault and fracture characterization. The approach consists of numerical simulation and feasibility assessment using conceptual models typical of EGS sites. Faults and fractures in the deep subsurface tend to occur in zones and sets with associated damage and gouge regions that are parallel to the slip plane(s) and that provide a larger volume for uptake of CO2 than the volume provided by the slip plane(s) alone. CO2 injected for push-pull well testing has a preference for flowing in the fault and fracture zone rather than entering the matrix because supercritical CO2 is non-wetting relative to water and the permeability of open fractures and fault gouge is much higher than matrix. Numerical flow simulations using TOUGH2/ECO2N show that the CO2 is driven upward by buoyancy in the slip plane during the push cycle over day-long time scales, but also flows into the gouge and damage zones on either side of the slip plane where upward flow due to buoyancy is smaller because of lower permeability. Recovery of CO2 from the slip plane region during the pull cycle is limited because of buoyancy effects. Numerical modeling of elastic wave propagation in a system with discrete fractures was carried out using anisotropic finite difference codes from SPICE with modifications for fracture compliance. We modeled surface and vertical seismic profile (VSP) configurations of time-lapse active-source seismic monitoring with 5% added noise. Results suggest that for a 10 m-thick zone consisting of ten fractures each with 1 mm aperture slip plane, CO2 can be best imaged using time-lapse differencing of the P-wave and P-to-S-wave scattering in a VSP configuration. Wireline well-logging tools that measure electrical conductivity show some promise as another means to detect and image the CO2-filled fracture near the injection well and potential monitoring well(s), especially if a saline-water pre-flush is carried out to enhance conductivity contrast. These multiple complementary characterization approaches will be integrated in iTOUGH2 to carry out joint inversion to develop working models of fault and fracture zone characteristics relevant to EGS energy recovery at prototypical sites.
The high order block RIP condition for signal recovery

In this paper, we consider the recovery of block sparse signals, whose nonzero entries appear in blocks (or clusters) rather than spread arbitrarily throughout the signal, from incomplete linear measurement. A high order sufficient condition based on block RIP is obtained to guarantee the stable recovery of all block sparse signals in the presence of noise, and robust recovery when signals are not exactly block sparse via mixed $l_{2}/l_{1}$ minimization. Moreover, a concrete example is established to ensure the condition is sharp. The significance of the results presented in this paper lies in the fact that recovery may be possible under more general conditions by exploiting the block structure of the sparsity pattern instead of the conventional sparsity pattern.
In Vitro Cross-Linking MS Reveals SMG1–UPF2–SMG7 Assembly as Molecular Partners within the NMD Surveillance

mRNAs containing premature stop codons are responsible for various genetic diseases as well as cancers. The truncated proteins synthesized from these aberrant mRNAs are seldom detected due to the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. Such a surveillance mechanism detects most of these aberrant mRNAs and rapidly destroys them from the pool of mRNAs. Here, we implemented chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry (CLMS) techniques to trace novel biology consisting of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) within the NMD machinery. A set of novel complex networks between UPF2 (Regulator of nonsense transcripts 2), SMG1 (Serine/threonine-protein kinase SMG1), and SMG7 from the NMD pathway were identified, among which UPF2 was found as a connection bridge between SMG1 and SMG7. The UPF2 N-terminal formed most interactions with SMG7, and a set of residues emerged from the MIF4G-I, II, and III domains docked with SMG1 or SMG7. SMG1 mediated interactions with initial residues of UPF2, whereas SMG7 formed very few interactions in this region. Modelled structures highlighted that PPIs for UPF2 and SMG1 emerged from the well-defined secondary structures, whereas SMG7 appeared from the connecting loops. Comparing the influence of cancer-derived mutations over different CLMS sites revealed that variants in the PPIs for UPF2 or SMG1 have significant structural stability effects. Our data highlights the protein–protein interface of the SMG1, UPF2, and SMG7 genes that can be used for potential therapeutic approaches. Blocking the NMD pathway could enhance the production of neoantigens or internal cancer vaccines, which could provide a platform to design potential peptide-based vaccines.
Direct 31P Imaging in Human Limb and Brain

Objective This article describes two methods for direct imaging of the 31Pmetabolites phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) and their application in human brain and muscle. Materials and Methods All studies were performed on a 1.5 T whole-body GE Signa scanner, using bird cage resonators double-tuned to 31P and 1H. The pulse sequence was based on a multiple slice, multiple echo imaging sequence. Selection of the PCr signal was achieved either by selective excitation or by the extensive chemical shift artifact in read direction. Examinations were done in two diabetic patients, in four patients with cerebral neoplasms, and in several healthy subjects. Results In calf muscle, images showed uniform distribution of PCr in normal muscle; deficits corresponded to bony structures and neurovascular bundles. Repeated exercise (dorsiflexion of the foot) led to selective loss of PCr in the anterior muscle compartment. A simultaneous increase in Pi appeared as a spatially distinct map. Diabetic patients showed more severe changes of PCr distribution in the calf muscle at rest and during much milder exercise. Direct imaging in the human brain with chemical shift selective excitation was completed in 5–30 min. In normal cerebral cortex, PCr was uniformly distributed around deficits marking the lateral ventricles. Tumors exhibiting moderate to severe depletion of PCr appeared as well defined deficits in the PCr image. Conclusion Direct imaging of PCr and Pi, with or withoit selective excitation of PCr, was effective in the human brain and limb. The methods described should lead to greatly improved fast phosphorus imaging. Clinical utility in peripheral ischemia and in localized energy deficits in the brain of patients with tumor, stroke, and other pathologies is anticipated.
Designing an ML Auditing Criteria Catalog as Starting Point for the Development of a Framework

Although AI algorithms and applications become more and popular in the healthcare sector, only few institutions have an operational AI strategy. Identifying the best suited processes for ML algorithm implementation and adoption is a big challenge. Also, raising human confidence in AI systems is elementary to building trustworthy, socially beneficial and responsible AI. A commonly agreed AI auditing framework that provides best practices and tools could help speeding up the adoption process. In this paper, we first highlight important concepts in the field of AI auditing and then restructure and subsume them into an ML auditing core criteria catalog. We conducted a scoping study where we analyzed sources being associated with the term “Auditable AI” in a qualitative way. We utilized best practices from Mayring (2000), Miles and Huberman (1994), and Bortz and Döring (2006). Based on referrals, additional relevant white papers and sources in the field of AI auditing were also included. The literature base was compared using inductively constructed categories. Afterwards, the findings were reflected on and synthesized into a resulting ML auditing core criteria catalog. The catalog is grouped into the categories: Conceptual Basics, Data & Algorithm Design and Assessment Metrics. As a practical guide, it consists of 30 questions developed to cover the mentioned categories and to guide ML implementation teams. Our consensus-based ML auditing criteria catalog is intended as a starting point for the development of evaluation strategies by specific stakeholders. We believe it will be beneficial to healthcare organizations that have been or will start implementing ML algorithms. Not only to help them being prepared for any upcoming legally required audit activities, but also to create better, well-perceived and accepted products. Potential limitations could be overcome by utilizing the proposed catalog in practice on real use cases to expose gaps and to further improve the catalog. Thus, this paper is seen as a starting point towards the development of a framework, where essential technical components can be specified.
Structure, Absolute Configuration, Antiproliferative and Phytotoxic Activities of Icetexane and Abietane Diterpenoids from Salvia carranzae and Chemotaxonomic Implications

From the aerial parts of Salvia carranzae Zamudio and Bedolla, three new icetexane-type diterpenoids were isolated. Their structures were established through spectroscopic methods and named the following: salvicarranzanolide (1), 19-deoxo-salvicarranzanolide (2) and 19-deoxo-20-deoxy-salvicarranzanolide (3). In addition, the known icetexane-type diterpenoids, 6,7,11,14-tetrahydro-7-oxo-icetexone (4), iso-icetexone (5), 19-deoxo-iso-icetexone (6), icetexone (7), 19-deoxo-icetexone (8) and 7α-acetoxy-6,7-dihydroicetexone (9), were also isolated, along with the abietanes sessein (10) and ferruginol (11). α-Tocopherol was also identified. Compounds 5, 6 and 8 were tested for their antiproliferative activity using the sulforhodamine B assay on six cancer and one normal human cell lines. Diterpenoids 5 and 6 showed noteworthy antiproliferative activity, exhibiting an IC50 (μM) = 0.43 ± 0.01 and 1.34 ± 0.04, respectively, for U251 (glioblastoma), an IC50 (μM) = 0.45 ± 0.01 and 1.29 ± 0.06 for K5621 (myelogenous leukemia), 0.84 ± 0.07 and 1.03 ± 0.10 for HCT-15 (colon cancer), and 0.73 ± 0.06 and 0.95 ± 0.09 for SKLU-1 (lung adenocarcinoma) cell lines. On the other hand, the phytotoxicity of compounds 5–7 and 9–10 was evaluated on seed germination and root growth in some weeds such as Medicago sativa, Panicum miliaceum, Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Trifolium pratense as models. While compounds 5 and 10 exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect on the root growth of A. hypochondriacus and T. pratense at 100 ppm, the diterpenoids 6, 7 and 9 were ineffective in all the plant models. Taxonomic positions based on the chemical profiles found are also discussed.
Cost-Effectiveness of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts Versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Revascularization of High-Risk Patients

Background— A Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study randomized high-risk patients with medically refractory myocardial ischemia, a group largely excluded from previous trials, to urgent revascularization with either percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The present study examined the cost-effectiveness of PCI versus CABG for these high-risk patients. Methods and Results— Of 454 patients at 16 Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers, 445 were available for the economic analysis (218 PCI and 227 CABG patients). Total costs were assessed at 3 and 5 years from the third-party payer’s perspective, and effectiveness was measured by survival. After 3 years, average total costs were $63 896 for PCI versus $84 364 for CABG patients, a difference of $20 468 (95% confidence interval [CI] $13 918 to $27 569). CIs were estimated by bootstrapping. Survival at 3 years was 0.82 for PCI versus 0.79 for CABG patients (P=0.34). Precision of the cost-effectiveness estimates were assessed by bootstrapping. PCI was less costly and more effective at 3 years in 92.6% of the bootstrap replications. After 5 years, average total costs were $81 790 for PCI versus $100 522 for CABG patients, a difference of $18 732 (95% CI $9873 to $27 831), whereas survival at 5 years was 0.75 for PCI patients versus 0.70 for CABG patients (P=0.21). At 5 years, PCI remained less costly and more effective in 89.4% of the bootstrap replications. Conclusions— PCI was less costly and at least as effective for the urgent revascularization of medically refractory, high-risk patients over 5 years.
Estimation and measurement of junction temperatures in a three-level voltage source converter

The design of a power converter must guarantee that the operating junction temperatures v/sub j/ of all devices do not exceed their limits under all specified operating conditions. Usually, this is ensured by a simulative or analytical junction temperature estimation based on simple electrical and thermal models and semiconductor datasheet values. This paper discusses the difficulties and quantifies the limitations of this approach on the example of a three-level NPC VSC with IGBTs. The calculations are compared to the results of direct junction temperature measurements with an infrared camera. The paper also provides the experimental proof for the unequal loss and junction temperature distribution in the three-level NPC VSC.
Impact of Ozone Valley over the Tibetan Plateau on the South Asian High in CAM5

Local climate effects of Tibetan Plateau Ozone Valley (OVTP) were investigated by numerical simulations using Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1. 1 (CAM5). After a 20-year spin-up period, two additional 10-year experiments were conducted. CAM5 was driven by monthly mean climatological ozone in control experiment (CE) and OVTP in the sensitivity experiment (SE) was removed from May to September. After the removal of OVTP, South Asian High (SAH) becomes more robust and colder from June to August, especially in June. The reason for enhancement of SAH is that removal of OVTP increasing ozone in 200–30 hPa leads to significant enhancement of longwave and shortwave radiative heating rate in SAH region in June, and then enhancement of horizontal divergence resulting from the radiative warming leads to strengthening of SAH influenced by the Coriolis force, while the colder SAH is primarily caused by dynamic processes. Adiabatic expansion and ascending movement mainly bring about temperature decrease in SAH after OVTP removal, but the thermodynamic process related to radiative heating offsets part of the cooling response.
A Simulation Model for the H-gate PDSOI MOSFET

The floating body effect is a serious problem for the PDSOI MOSFET, and the H-gate layout is frequently used as the body contact to eliminate this effect. Unfortunately, most of the standard commercial SOI MOSFET model is for the device with finger gate, the necessity of the new models for the H-gate device arises. A simulation model for the H-gate PDSOI MOSFET is proposed based on the 0. 35μm PDSOI process developed by the Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMECAS), and then the model is well verified by the ring-oscillator. Keywords—PDSOI H-gate Device model Body contact.
Information Integration in Risky Choice: Identification and Stability

How is information integrated across the attributes of an option when making risky choices? In most descriptive models of decision under risk, information about risk, and reward is combined multiplicatively (e.g., expected value; expected utility theory, Bernouli, 1738/1954; subjective expected utility theory, Savage, 1954; Edwards, 1955; prospect theory, Kahneman and Tversky, 1979; rank-dependent utility, Quiggin, 1993; decision field theory, Busemeyer and Townsend, 1993; transfer of attention exchange model, Birnbaum, 2008). That is, (some transform of) probability is multiplied by (some transform of) reward to give a value for a risky prospect, and the prospect with the maximum value is then chosen.
Detection of small earthquakes with dense array data: example from the San Jacinto fault zone, southern California

S U M M A R Y We present a technique to detect small earthquakes not included in standard catalogues using data from a dense seismic array. The technique is illustrated with continuous waveforms recorded in a test day by 1108 vertical geophones in a tight array on the San Jacinto fault zone. Waveforms are first stacked without time-shift in nine non-overlapping subarrays to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The nine envelope functions of the stacked records are then multiplied with each other to suppress signals associated with sources affecting only some of the nine subarrays. Running a short-term moving average/long-term moving average (STA/LTA) detection algorithm on the product leads to 723 triggers in the test day. Using a local P-wave velocity model derived for the surface layer from Betsy gunshot data, 5 s long waveforms of all sensors around each STA/LTA trigger are beamformed for various incident directions. Of the 723 triggers, 220 are found to have localized energy sources and 103 of these are confirmed as earthquakes by verifying their observation at 4 or more stations of the regional seismic network. This demonstrates the general validity of the method and allows processing further the validated events using standard techniques. The number of validated events in the test day is >5 times larger than that in the standard catalogue. Using these events as templates can lead to additional detections of many more earthquakes.
Roomware: computers disappear and interaction evolves

We develop a comprehensive approach to the design of information and collaboration environments that support human activities by starting in the real world. Our goal is to design environments that combine the affordances of real objects with potential computer-based support in the virtual world. This combination generates hybrid worlds that have significant consequences for the design of human-computer interaction. Hybrid worlds allow human-information interaction and human-human communication to move into the foreground while the computer disappears into the background.
Clues to the Causes of Mass Extinctions in Earth History from U-Pb CA-ID-TIMS Geochronology

Mass extinctions in Earth history have repeatedly altered the course of evolution of life on our planet. The extent and rapid rate at which they occurred required processes that were global in scale and catastrophic in nature. Asteroid impacts and volcanic eruptions are cited as triggers of environmental change and subsequent biological turnover. Causal mechanisms remain enigmatic, partly due to a lack of precise and accurate ages to establish the timing and duration of events, and to limitations of interpreting existing ages due to inter-method and inter-laboratory bias. Two of the largest extinction events in the Phanerozoic were triggered by different processes. The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) extinctions are widely accepted as due to the consequences of impact, yet the link between the K-Pg boundary layer and Chicxulub impact has been questioned. Shocked zircon from K-Pg ejecta in Spain and Italy are 550 ± 6 Ma (2 and show a correlation between intensity of shock metamorphism and discordance to the time of impact. The data are identical to those from Chicxulub and North American ejecta sites and
Fixed-parameter tractability of directed multiway cut parameterized by the size of the cutset

Given a directed graph G, a set of k terminals and an integer p, the Directed Vertex Multiway Cut problem asks if there is a set S of at most p (nonterminal) vertices whose removal disconnects each terminal from all other terminals. Directed Edge Multiway Cut is the analogous problem where S is a set of at most p edges. These two problems indeed are known to be equivalent. A natural generalization of the multiway cut is the multicut problem, in which we want to disconnect only a set of k given pairs instead of all pairs. Marx (Theor. Comp. Sci. 2006) showed that in undirected graphs multiway cut is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) parameterized by p. Marx and Razgon (STOC 2011) showed that undirected multicut is FPT and directed multicut is W[1]-hard parameterized by p. We complete the picture here by our main result which is that both Directed Vertex Multiway Cut and Directed Edge Multiway Cut can be solved in time 22O(p)nO(1), i.e., FPT parameterized by size p of the cutset of the solution. This answers an open question raised by Marx (Theor. Comp. Sci. 2006) and Marx and Razgon (STOC 2011). It follows from our result that Directed Multicut is FPT for the case of k = 2 terminal pairs, which answers another open problem raised in Marx and Razgon (STOC 2011).
Road Type Estimation and Hierarchical Real-Time Vanishing Point Detection

Image-based road vanishing point (VP) detection is a challenging problem as the algorithm needs to deal with different road type with varying imaging conditions in real time. We propose a hierarchical VP detection method with the ability to choose efficient algorithms for different road types. Firstly, road scenes are classified into 4 types based on holistic road features abstracted from responses of Gabor filters, which also coarsely locate the road. Then, the distinct edge or line-like texture of each road type is adaptively extracted by a new road-line-segment detection method. Finally, VP is estimated by road-type-specific voting and verification. Experiments on 1000 general road images show that, the proposed method can detect VP under complex road scenes, achieving improvements for both accuracy and efficiency, compared with the state of the art methods relying on single features.