Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies of select trace element nutrition upon cardiac electrical, morphometrical and ultrastructural aspects of the rat and pig /

Comparative electrocardiography, cardiac function, gross morphometry and ultrastructural aspects were examined in rats fed a mineral adequate diet or a diet restricted in either dietary copper (<lmg/kg), iron (4mg/kg) or selenium (<0.1mg/kg) for six weeks postweanling. No significant differences were observed in regard to electrocardiograms and gross morphometry of the hearts. The copper-restricted group recorded a significantly lower left ventricular +dP/dtmax in comparison to the mineral adequate diet group. Ultrastructural alterations were readily apparent in the copper and iron restricted cardiac myocytes and subtly apparent in the selenium restricted cardiac myocytes. Both the copperand iron-restricted rats had comparatively greater mitochondrial volume densities and increased mitochondria: myofibril ratios than the mineral adequate group. All three mineral-restricted groups displayed a lower myofibril volume density compared to
N-linked glycosylation of the antagonist Short gastrulation increases the functional complexity of BMP signals

Disorders of N-linked glycosylation are increasingly reported in the literature. However, targets responsible for the associated developmental and physiological defects are largely unknown. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) act as highly dynamic complexes to regulate several functions during development. The range and strength of BMP activity depend on interactions with glycosylated protein complexes in the extracellular milieu. Here we investigate the role of glycosylation for the function of the conserved extracellular BMP antagonist Short gastrulation (Sog). We identify conserved N-glycosylated sites and describe the effect of mutating these residues on BMP pathway activity in Drosophila. Functional analysis reveals that loss of individual Sog glycosylation sites enhances BMP antagonism and/or increases the spatial range of Sog effects in the tissue. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that N-terminal and stem glycosylation controls extracellular Sog levels and distribution. The identification of similar residues in vertebrate Chordin proteins suggests that N-glycosylation may be an evolutionarily conserved process that adds complexity to the regulation of BMP activity. Summary Statement N-glycosylation restricts the function of Short gastrulation during Drosophila development by controlling the amount of extracellular protein. This adds another layer of complexity to regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein signals.
Integrated Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Management Affects Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Yield and Economics

The effect of barley seeding rate and row spacing, and triallate, diclofop, and difenzoquat herbicide rate on barley grain yield and quality, and wild oat control were evaluated in field experiments near Bonners Ferry, Idaho, in 1989 and 1990. The purpose of the study was to develop integrated control strategies for wild oat in spring barley. Barley row spacing (9 and 18 cm) did not affect barley grain yield. Barley grain yield was greatest when barley was seeded at 134 or 201 kg ha–1 compared to 67 kg ha–1. Wild oat control increased as wild oat herbicide rate increased and barley grain yield was greatest when wild oat herbicides were applied. However, barley grain yield was similar when wild oat biomass was reduced by either 65 or 85% by applications of half and full herbicide rates, respectively. Net return was greatest when the half rate of herbicide was applied to 100 wild oat plants per m2 and was greatest when half or full herbicide rates were applied to 290 wild oat plants per m2. Net return increased when the seeding rate was increased to 134 or 201 kg ha–1 when no herbicide was applied and when 290 wild oat plants per m2 were present.
Evidence for diet partitioning among three coexisting native freshwater fishes in South Africa's Cape Fold Ecoregion

The partitioning of limited resources commonly explains how different species can coexist within the same ecological community. In this 2010 study, the diets of three coexisting freshwater fishes (Cape galaxias Galaxias zebratus, n = 27; Cape kurper Sandelia capensis, n = 60; Breede River redfin Pseudobarbus burchelli, n = 77) were characterised and compared in three headwater streams in South Africa's Cape Fold Ecoregion using gut contents and stable isotope analyses. These data were analysed to ascertain whether the three species exploit distinct trophic niches. Both approaches provided evidence that these species occupy different trophic niches, though with some overlap. However, dietary differences among sites were not consistent and were probably influenced by site-specific factors like resource availability. Pseudobarbus burchelli had a broader niche breadth at Tierkloof Stream than the other two species, but not at Waaihoek or Tierstel Streams. Our results also suggest that P. burchelli consumed a more omnivorous diet than do the other two species, whereas S. capensis occupied a higher trophic position than the other two species and consumed vertebrates. Our findings suggest that these species occupy non-equivalent feeding niches in Cape Fold Ecoregion headwater streams, and that diet partitioning might facilitate their coexistence in these systems.
Properties of Synaptic Transmission from Rods and Cones in The Outer Plexiform Layer of The Vertebrate Retina

Photoreceptors are the first neurons in the visual system. They transduce changes in light intensity into graded changes in membrane potential that are then transformed into chemical signals by regulating the release of glutamate-filled synaptic vesicles. Rod and cone photoreceptors release glutamate continuously in darkness and release slows in light. To help track rapid changes in light intensity, photoreceptors are capable of both rapid exocytosis and rapid endocytosis of synaptic vesicles. Endocytosis is needed for recycling synaptic vesicles but also appears to be important for removing proteins and lipids from active zones to restore release site function after prior vesicle fusion. Synaptic exocytosis from vertebrate photoreceptors involves synaptic ribbons that cluster vesicles near the presynaptic membrane. We hypothesized that such clustering increases the likelihood that exocytosis at one ribbon release site may disrupt release at an adjacent site. Consistent with this, studies described in Chapter 2 showed that endocytosis is needed to rapidly restore release site competence at photoreceptor ribbon synapses. We combined optical and electrophysiological techniques to show that endocytosis is important for restoring late steps in the vesicle fusion process but does not appear to be needed for vesicles to dock
Exploitation of Gynoecious Lines in Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.) for Heterosis Breeding

Despite being native of India and having sufficient genetic variability, very meagre work has been done for the improvement of cucumber. To tide over the situation, there is a need to make concerted efforts to develop location specific hybrids having desirable horticultural and quality traits, and to make available their seeds to the farmers at a reasonable price. Moreover, cucumber crop is predominantly monoceious in nature but gynoecious sex form has also been reported that facilitates hybridization by reducing labour cost for crossing. Thus, to overcome the said problem; five gynoecious lines ‘EC-5082, Plp-Gy-1, G-1, G-3 and PCUCP-4’ and eleven testers ‘KL-1, K-pap, Japanese Long Green, Poinsette, DPC-1, EC-173934, Summer Green, K-90, Sel-75-2-10, K-75 and KL-3’ were crossed to derive fifty five crosses. The crosses and parents along with 2 standard checks were evaluated at Palampur and Bajaura in Himachal Pradesh, India. The pooled analysis of variance over locations revealed significant differences due to location, genotype and location×genotype for all the characters. Significant range of heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis was recorded among crosses for all characters. As many as 50 cross over better parent, 42 cross over standard check 1 and 41 cross over standard check 2 exhibited positive heterosis for marketable yield vine -1 . The cross Plp×K-pap exhibited maximum positive heterosis over standard checks for marketable yield vine -1 and sufficient heterosis in desirable direction for yield components and traits related to earliness. Majority of the cross combinations succumb to fruit fly infestation and powdery mildew incidence. However, G-3×Sel-75-2-10 showed resistance against fruit fly infestation at both locations.
Expression of keratins, epidermal proteins and inflammatory cells in superficial pemphigus dogs

Superficial pemphigus in dogs is an autoimmune skin disorder. The disease is characterised by the binding of auto-antibodies to desmosomal molecules including desmocollin-1, a major auto-antigen in dogs. However, data on the expression of epidermal proteins in dogs are still limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the keratins and epidermal proteins in dogs with superficial pemphigus using immunohistochemistry. Skin biopsies were performed on dogs with pemphigus foliaceus (n=10), pan-epidermal pustular pemphigus (n=4) and pemphigus erythematosus (n=1). Immunostaining for keratin 5 and keratin 10 showed a premature and discontinuous pattern in the suprabasal layers of all pemphigus skin samples compared to the control group (P<0.05). Filaggrin, desmocollin-1 and claudin-1, but not involucrin, were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Inflammatory cells markedly infiltrated in the dermis and the lower epidermis of all pemphigus skins. This is the first report that associates changes in the expression of keratin 5, keratin 10, filaggrin and claudin-1 with reduced desmocollin-1 expression and subsequent loss of the epidermal barrier in superficial pemphigus.
Predicting protein haze formation in white wines

Background and Aims Wine protein haze formation is commonly predicted by a heat test; however, the conditions used in the test can vary widely between laboratories. Here, we investigate the influence of heating and cooling conditions on heat test results. Methods and Results White wines were heated at 80°C for a time that varied from 0.5 to 6.0 h and then cooled for 0.5–18 h at either 0, 4 or 20°C. The turbidity was measured before heating and after cooling. Longer heating times, longer cooling times and a lower cooling temperature all increased the amount of haze produced in the heat test. Bentonite fining trials with eight white wines indicated that after 2 h heating, cooling either at 4°C for 18 h, 0°C for 3 h or 20°C for 3 h had no impact on the predicted dose. Heating for 6 h with 18 h cooling at 4°C (24 h test) generally increased the predicted bentonite dose by up to 0.3 g/L compared with heating for 2 h. Wines fined at the bentonite dose recommended by a 5 h test or a 24 h test were generally clear after storage at 17 or 28°C for 12 months while the unfined Control wines generally became hazy. Conclusions Wines heated for 2 h at 80°C and subsequently cooled for 3 h at 20°C (5 h heat test) enabled the repeatable production of haze and bentonite fining dose. Significance of the Study Heat tests used in the wine industry need to include consistent heating and cooling conditions for reliable results and can be achieved in less time than previously recommended.
Effect of southern climate modes and variations in river discharge on lake surface area in Patagonia

ABSTRACT Multiple regressions, wavelet spectra, and Fourier spectra were employed to analyze fluctuations in the surface areas of 2 Patagonian lakes during 1998–2015 and relate these to fluctuations in precipitation, evaporation, river discharge, and 2 southern climate modes, the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and El Niño Southern Oscillation, expressed in terms of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). Multiple regression analysis suggested that discharge was the primary driver of interannual lake area variations. Cross-spectrum analysis demonstrated a maximum significant correlation between river discharge and both AAO and SOI indices at annual and interannual timescales (2–3 yr). During 1998–2015, the annual discharge signal was related to both the AAO annual and every 2 year signals. When a strong La Niña (positive SOI) event occurred, however, river discharge was significantly reduced, resulting in a decrease in lake surface area.
Structural Basis of Tubulin Recruitment and Assembly by Tumor Overexpressed Gene (TOG) domain array Microtubule Polymerases

XMAP215/Stu2/Alp14 proteins accelerate microtubule plus-end polymerization by recruiting tubulins via arrays of Tumor Overexpressed Gene (TOG) domains. The underlying mechanism of these arrays as microtubule polymerases remains unknown. Here, we describe the biochemical and structural basis for TOG domain arrays in recruiting and polymerizing tubulins. Alp14 binds four tubulins via dimeric TOG1-TOG2 arrays, each with distinct exchange rates. X-ray structures reveal pseudo-dimeric square-shaped assemblies in which four TOG domains position four unpolymerized tubulins in a polarized wheel-like configuration. Crosslinking confirms square assemblies form in solution, and inactivation of their interfaces destabilizes square organizations without influencing tubulin binding. Using an approach to modulate tubulin polymerization, we determined a X-ray structure showing an unfurled assembly in which TOG1 and TOG2 uniquely bind two polymerized tubulins. Our findings suggest a new microtubule polymerase model in which TOG arrays recruit tubulins by forming square assemblies, which then unfurl facilitating their concerted polymerization into protofilaments.
01. Ontogenetic variation in the skulls of Caiman : the case of Caiman latirostris and Caiman yacare (Alligatoridae, Caimaninae)

Fil: Fernandez Blanco, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Division Paleontologia Vertebrados; Argentina
Growth Response of Three Containerized Woody Plant Taxa to Varying Low Phosphorus Fertilizer Concentrations

Phosphorus (P) uptake efﬁciency (PUE; percent of applied P absorbed by roots) for containerized crops is ’’ 27% to 62%. Reducing P fertilization may increase PUE without decreasing growth and may reduce P leaching from containers, thus mitigating the environmental impact of containerized production while potentially reducing fertilizer input costs for growers. The objective of this study was to determine the minimum P application concentration and the resulting substrate pore-water (i.e., solution residing within and between substrate particles) P concentration that maintains maximal growth of three containerized woody plant taxa grown in pine bark substrate. Hydrangea paniculata Sieb. ‘Limelight’ (hydrangea), Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri’ (holly), and Rhododendron L. ‘Karen’ (azalea) were potted in pine bark substrate amended with dolomite and micronutrients and grown for 81 d in an open-wall greenhouse. Plants received either one of ﬁve constant liquid-feed treatments with varying P concentrations [80 mg · L L 1 nitrogen (N), 50 mg · L L 1 potassium (K), and 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 6.0 mg · L L 1 P] or a single application of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF; control) at experiment initiation. Calculated lowest P fertilizer concentration that sustained maximal shoot dry weight (SDW) in hydrangea and azalea was 4.7 and 2.9 mg · L L 1 , respectively, and holly SDW wasthesameacrossall liquid fertilizer treatments. In all three taxa, CRF-fertilized plants achieved <50% of maximal SDW observed in liquid- fertilizedplants. Hydrangea rootdryweight(RDW)nearly doubledas fertilizerP increased from 0.5 to 2.0 mg · L L 1 P, but higher P concentrations did not further increase RDW. Holly RDWwas unaffected by liquidP treatment.Pore-water P concentrations of treatmentsthat sustained maximal SDW of hydrangea and azalea were as low as 0.6 and 2.2 mg · L L 1 P, respectively. Our ﬁndings suggest that when using constant liquid feed, applied P levels more accurately predict plant growth responses than pore-water P levels.
A study on chemical weed management in boro rice: A review

Characteristically boro rice is winter season, photo-insensitive, transplanted rice cultivated on supplemental irrigation, often under conditions, where farmers’ are not able to take any other rabi season crop. Butachlor, pretilachlor, bispyribac-sodium and anilofos are the most commonly used herbicides for control of weeds in boro rice. Weed competition is one of the prime yield limiting biotic constraints resulting in yield reduction to the tune of 28 to 45%. Echinochloa spp. , Cynodon dactylon, Portulaca quadrifida and Cyperus spp. are the major weeds responsible for yield reduction in boro rice. However, continuous and indiscriminate use of herbicides for a longer period may result in buildup of problematic weeds and also development of herbicide resistance in weeds. It is therefore, necessary to review the performance of promising herbicides for chemical weed management to improve the production and productivity of boro rice under the climate change scenario.
Physiological and Agronomic Responses of Four Rice Varieties to Drought in the Rainforest.

The present investigation tested the hypothesis that there would be variation in physiological responses to water deficit among rice varieties from different production ecologies, with contrasting tolerance to water deficit under repeated cycle of soil moisture deficit, at reproductive growth stage. A screen house and a field trial were conducted at International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan and Ikenne (Latitude 6° 52' N, Longitude 3° 43' E) respectively. Both experiments had rice varieties (‘IR 64’, ‘WAB 56-104’, ‘IR 77298-1-2-B-10’ and ‘NERICA 4’) and stress status (stress and control) as treatment factor’s, arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replicates. In both trials, the physiological mechanism that underpins varietal differences with repeated cycles of water deficit at the reproductive growth stage was more balanced water status, improved foliar characters, efficient photosynthetic capacity and higher grain yield in comparatively drought tolerant upland rice varieties (‘NERICA 4’ and ‘WAB 56-104’), as opposed with the results for the drought susceptible cultivar ‘IR 64’. A converse pattern was observed on water stressed rice, despite fewer cycles of water deficit on the field. The results could have suggested that the initiation of water deficit is the rate limiting step rather than its intensity at the reproductive growth stage.
Assessing the impact of
 Bacillus
 strains mixture probiotic on water quality, growth performance, blood profile and intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia,
 Oreochromis niloticus

31 The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a commercial probiotic, Sanolife PRO-F, on 32 water quality, growth performance, blood profiles and intestinal morphometry of monosex Nile 33 tilapia. A field trial was conducted for 10 weeks in which tilapia fingerlings (20 ± 1.26 g) were 34 randomly distributed into three replicate ponds were sub-divided into three treatment groups, 35 receiving Sanolife PRO-F at 0 (B0), 0.1 (B1) and 0.2 (B2) g kg -1 diet, respectively. The results 36 showed a significant improvement in growth performance, feed conversion ratio and blood 37 profiles in tilapia fed on treated diets. The whole intestinal lengths, anterior and terminal 38 intestinal villi heights and anterior goblet cells count were greater in tilapia fed on treated diets. 39 There were no noticeable differences in growth and intestinal morphology between tilapia fed 40 on B1 and B2 diets. The ammonia concentration in water was lower with B1 diet while electric 41 conductivity, salinity and total dissolved solids were higher with the B2 diet. The pH level of 42 pond water was enhanced by both diets, B1 and B2. In conclusion, application of Sanolife 43 PRO-F at 0.1-0.2 g kg -1 diet might have beneficial effects on growth, immunity, stress 44 responses and gut health and function as well as the water quality of farmed Nile tilapia. 45
Gas Exchange, Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Antioxidant Enzymes in Leaves of Centipede Grass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) after Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus (BSMV) Infection

We explored the gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence properties and antioxidant enzymes in centipede grass ( Eremochloa ophiuroides ) infected with barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV). The results showed that with progress of virus infection, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) in centipede grass was dramatically decreased, while the intercellular CO 2 concentration (Ci) was gradually increased. Further studies showed that the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), the efficiency of energy conversion of open PSII (Fv' /Fm'), the actual efficiency of total PSII centers ( ΦΦΦΦΦ PSII ), and photochemical quenching (qP) were decreased, while the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) was increased after BSMV infection. Moreover, BSMV infection increased the antioxidant activities until 21 days of infection, and then was slightly decreased. The MDA contents were also increased after BSMV infection. There results suggested that the decreased Pn after BSMV infection was not resulted from the decrease of stomatal conductance, and the primary limitation of Pn was suppression of the number of open PSII reaction centers and the efficiency of light energy transformation by PSII reaction centers, thereby the electron transport were decreased. Additionally, the excessive excitation energy could not be dissipated efficiently, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) could not be removed efficiently, thereby resulting in membrane lipid peroxidation in centipede grass infected with BSMV.
Key to the adults of the most common forensic species of Diptera in South America

Key to the adults of the most common forensic species of Diptera in South America. Flies (Diptera, blow flies, house flies, flesh flies, horse flies, cattle flies, deer flies, midges and mosquitoes) are among the four megadiverse insect orders. Several species quickly colonize human cadavers and are potentially useful in forensic studies. One of the major problems with carrion fly identification is the lack of taxonomists or available keys that can identify even the most common species sometimes resulting in erroneous identification. Here we present a key to the adults of 12 families of Diptera whose species are found on carrion, including human corpses. Also, a summary for the most common families of forensic importance in South America, along with a key to the most common species of Calliphoridae, Muscidae, and Fanniidae and to the genera of Sarcophagidae are provided. Drawings of the most important characters for identification are also included. KEYWORDS. Carrion flies; forensic entomology; neotropical. RESUMO. Chave de identificacao para as especies comuns de Diptera da America do Sul de interesse forense. Diptera (califorideos, sarcofagideos, motucas, moscas comuns e mosquitos) e a uma das quatro ordens megadiversas de insetos. Diversas especies desta ordem podem rapidamente colonizar cadaveres humanos e sao de utilidade potencial para estudos de entomologia forense. Um dos maiores problemas com moscas que visitam materia orgânica animal em decomposicao e a falta de taxonomistas ou chaves de identificacao disponiveis que possam identificar as especies mais comuns ou mesmo, algumas vezes podendo resultar em identificacoes erroneas. Neste artigo e apresentada uma chave para adultos de 12 familias de Diptera com especies encontradas em materia orgânica animal em decomposicao, incluindo cadaveres humanos. Tambem e incluido um sumario das mais importantes familias com especies de interesse forense na America do Sul e chave de identificacao das especies mais comuns de Calliphoridae, Muscidae e Fanniidae e dos generos de Sarcophagidae. Esquemas dos mais importantes caracteres utilizados para identificacao dessas especies sao tambem incluidos.