Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Mechanisms of MmuPV1 E6 and E7 and Implications for Human Disease

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause a substantial amount of human disease from benign disease such as warts to malignant cancers including cervical carcinoma, head and neck cancer, and non-melanoma skin cancer. Our ability to model HPV-induced malignant disease has been impeded by species specific barriers and pre-clinical animal models have been challenging to develop. The recent discovery of a murine papillomavirus, MmuPV1, that infects laboratory mice and causes the same range of malignancies caused by HPVs provides the papillomavirus field the opportunity to test mechanistic hypotheses in a genetically manipulatable laboratory animal species in the context of natural infections. The E6 and E7 proteins encoded by high-risk HPVs, which are the HPV genotypes associated with human cancers, are multifunctional proteins that contribute to HPV-induced cancers in multiple ways. In this review, we describe the known activities of the MmuPV1-encoded E6 and E7 proteins and how those activities relate to the activities of HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins encoded by mucosal and cutaneous high-risk HPV genotypes.
DENSITIES, TEMPERATURES, PRESSURES, AND ABUNDANCES DERIVED FROM O ii RECOMBINATION LINES IN H ii REGIONS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS

Based on high-quality observations of multiplet V1 of O ii and the NLTE atomic computations of O ii, we study the density and temperature of a sample of H ii regions. We find that the signature for oxygen-rich clumps of high density and low temperature is absent in all objects of our sample: one extragalactic and eight Galactic H ii regions. The temperatures derived from (1) recombination lines (RLs) of O ii, and (2) RLs of H i together with Balmer continua are lower than those derived from forbidden lines, while the densities derived from RLs of O ii are similar or smaller than densities derived from forbidden lines. Electron pressures derived from collisionally excited lines are about two times larger than those derived from RLs. These results imply that the proper abundances are those derived from RLs and suggest that other processes in addition to direct photoionization, such as dissipation of turbulent energy in shocks, magnetic reconnection, and shadowed regions, might be responsible for the large abundance discrepancy factor and t2 values observed in H ii regions.
Order by disorder and by doping in quantum Hall valley ferromagnets

We examine the Si(111) multi-valley quantum Hall system and show that it exhibits an exceptionally rich interplay of broken symmetries and quantum Hall ordering already near integer fillings $\nu$ in the range $\nu=0-6$. This six-valley system has a large $[SU(2)]^3\rtimes D_3$ symmetry in the limit where the magnetic length is much larger than the lattice constant. We find that the discrete ${D}_3$ factor breaks over a broad range of fillings at a finite temperature transition to a discrete nematic phase. As $T \rightarrow 0$ the $[SU(2)]^3$ continuous symmetry also breaks: completely near $\nu =3$, to a residual $[U(1)]^2\times SU(2)$ near $\nu=2$ and $4$ and to a residual $U(1)\times [SU(2)]^2$ near $\nu=1$ and $5$. Interestingly, the symmetry breaking near $\nu=2,4$ and $\nu=3$ involves a combination of selection by thermal fluctuations known as "order by disorder" and a selection by the energetics of Skyrme lattices induced by moving away from the commensurate fillings, a mechanism we term "order by doping". We also exhibit modestly simpler analogs in the four-valley Si(110) system.
Heart Donation and Preservation: Historical Perspectives, Current Technologies, and Future Directions

Heart transplantation has become the accepted treatment for advanced heart failure, with over 4000–5000 performed in the world annually. Although the number of yearly transplants performed has been increasing over the last decade, the number of candidates in need of transplantation continues to grow at an even faster rate. To distribute these scarce and precious resources equitably, donor heart placement is based on clinical need with priority given to those who are more critically ill. As a result, donors are matched with recipient candidates over increasingly farther distances, which may subject these organs to longer ischemic times. One of the mainstays of successful heart transplantation is successful organ preservation while the donor organ is ex vivo from the time of donor procurement to recipient implantation. In order to adapt to a new era of heart transplantation where organs are shared across wider ranges, preservation strategies must evolve to accommodate longer ischemia times while mitigating the harmful sequalae of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Additionally, in order to address the ever-growing supply demand mismatch of donor organs, evolving perfusion technologies may allow for further evaluation of donor grafts outside of conventional acceptance practices, thus enlarging the effective donor pool. Herein this review, we discuss the history of organ preservation, current strategies and modalities employed in current practice, along with developing technologies in preclinical stages. Lastly, we introduce the concept of donation after circulatory death (DCD), which has been until recently a largely unexplored avenue of heart donation that relies much on current preservation techniques.
Atmospheric Corrosion in the Tropics: The Costa Rican Central Valley Case

The Western Central Valley (WCV) of Costa Rica is an area of interest, due to its high concentration of population and economic activity, presenting itself as a tropical monsoon-type atmospheric basin (AB), with well-defined climatic seasons (dry and rainy). The present study proposes the assessment of low carbon steel (CS) atmospheric corrosion, based on ISO 9223 (2012) and associated standards. A general analysis of the atmospheric basin effect was initially performed on these data, followed by the basic modeling of air pollutants and meteorological parameters. The WCV is an area of low contamination, which corresponds to a C2 or C3 category, according to ISO 9223. It mainly shows significant climatic seasons (dry and rainy) effects on the initial corrosion rates, but obtaining similar annual corrosion results for them. The ISO 9223 annual atmospheric corrosion model overestimated the actual obtained corrosion values, whereas linear or logarithmic models gave better results, especially when time and/or time of wetness (TOW) were considered as variables. ISO 9223 and ISO 9225.
Lorenz–Mie theory for 2D scattering and resonance calculations

This PhD tutorial is concerned with a description of the two-dimensional generalized Lorenz–Mie theory (2D-GLMT), a well-established numerical method used to compute the interaction of light with arrays of cylindrical scatterers. This theory is based on the method of separation of variables and the application of an addition theorem for cylindrical functions. The purpose of this tutorial is to assemble the practical tools necessary to implement the 2D-GLMT method for the computation of scattering by passive scatterers or of resonances in optically active media. The first part contains a derivation of the vector and scalar Helmholtz equations for 2D geometries, starting from Maxwell’s equations. Optically active media are included in 2D-GLMT using a recent stationary formulation of the Maxwell–Bloch equations called steady-state ab initio laser theory (SALT), which introduces new classes of solutions useful for resonance computations. Following these preliminaries, a detailed description of 2D-GLMT is presented. The emphasis is placed on the derivation of beam-shape coefficients for scattering computations, as well as the computation of resonant modes using a combination of 2D-GLMT and SALT. The final section contains several numerical examples illustrating the full potential of 2D-GLMT for scattering and resonance computations. These examples, drawn from the literature, include the design of integrated polarization filters and the computation of optical modes of photonic crystal cavities and random lasers.
Concordance models of reionization: implications for faint galaxies and escape fraction evolution

Recent observations have constrained the galaxy UV luminosity function up to z~10. However, these observations alone allow for a wide range of reionization scenarios due to uncertainties in the abundance of faint galaxies and the escape fraction of ionizing photons. We show that requiring continuity with post-reionization (z ~10 from z=4 (where the best fit is 4%) to z=9; or 3) more likely, a hybrid solution in which undetected galaxies contribute significantly and f_esc increases more modestly. Models in which star formation is strongly suppressed in low-mass, reionization-epoch haloes of mass up to ~10^10 M_sun (e.g., owing to a metallicity dependence) are only allowed for extreme assumptions for the evolution of f_esc. However, variants of such models in which the suppression mass is reduced (e.g., assuming an earlier or higher metallicity floor) are in better agreement with the data. Concordance scenarios satisfying the available data predict a consistent redshift of 50% ionized fraction z_reion(50%) ~ 10. On the other hand, the duration of reionization is sensitive to the relative contribution of bright versus faint galaxies, with scenarios dominated by faint galaxies predicting a more extended reionization event. Scenarios relying too heavily on high-z dwarfs are disfavored by kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich measurements, which prefer a short reionization history.
IMPLICATIONS OF INFALLING Fe ii-EMITTING CLOUDS IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: ANISOTROPIC PROPERTIES

We investigate consequences of the discovery that Fe ii emission in quasars, one of the spectroscopic signatures of “Eigenvector 1,” may originate in infalling clouds. Eigenvector 1 correlates with the Eddington ratio L/LEdd so that Fe ii/Hβ increases as L/LEdd increases. We show that the “force multiplier,” the ratio of gas opacity to electron scattering opacity, is ∼103–104 in Fe ii-emitting gas. Such gas would be accelerated away from the central object if the radiation force is able to act on the entire cloud. As had previously been deduced, infall requires that the clouds have large column densities so that a substantial amount of shielded gas is present. The critical column density required for infall to occur depends on L/LEdd, establishing a link between Eigenvector 1 and the Fe ii/Hβ ratio. We see predominantly the shielded face of the infalling clouds rather than the symmetric distribution of emitters that has been assumed. The Fe ii spectrum emitted by the shielded face is in good agreement with observations thus solving several long-standing mysteries in quasar emission lines.
Lipid-Encapsuled Grape Tannins Prevent Oxidative-Stress-Induced Neuronal Cell Death, Intracellular ROS Accumulation and Inflammation

The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress and inflammation, which affect neuronal function and survival. Nowadays, there is great interest in the development of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds extracted from natural products, as potential strategies to reduce the oxidative/inflammatory environment within the CNS and then preserve neuronal integrity and brain function. However, an important limitation of natural antioxidant formulations (mainly polyphenols) is their reduced in vivo bioavailability. The biological compatible delivery system containing polyphenols may serve as a novel compound for these antioxidant formulations. Accordingly, in the present study, we used liposomes as carriers for grape tannins, and we tested their ability to prevent neuronal oxidative stress and inflammation. Cultured catecholaminergic neurons (CAD) were used to establish the potential of lipid-encapsulated grape tannins (TLS) to prevent neuronal oxidative stress and inflammation following an oxidative insult. TLS rescued cell survival after H2O2 treatment (59.4 ± 8.8% vs. 90.4 ± 5.6% H2O2 vs. TLS+ H2O2; p < 0.05) and reduced intracellular ROS levels by ~38% (p < 0.05), despite displaying negligible antioxidant activity in solution. Additionally, TLS treatment dramatically reduced proinflammatory cytokines’ mRNA expression after H2O2 treatment (TNF-α: 400.3 ± 1.7 vs. 7.9 ± 1.9-fold; IL-1β: 423.4 ± 1.3 vs. 12.7 ± 2.6-fold; p < 0.05; H2O2 vs. TLS+ H2O2, respectively), without affecting pro/antioxidant biomarker expression, suggesting that liposomes efficiently delivered tannins inside neurons and promoted cell survival. In conclusion, we propose that lipid-encapsulated grape tannins could be an efficient tool to promote antioxidant/inflammatory cell defense.
Construction of C ∞ Surfaces From Triangular Meshes Using Parametric Pseudo-Manifolds

We present a new constructive solution for the problem of fitting a smooth surface to a given triangle mesh. Our construction is based on the manifold-based approach pioneered by Grimm and Hughes. The key idea behind this approach is to define a surface by overlapping surface patches via a gluing process, as opposed to stitching them together along their common boundary curves. The manifoldbased approach has proved to be well-suited to fit with relative ease, Ck-continuous parametric surfaces to triangle and quadrilateral meshes, for any arbitrary finite k or even k = ∞. Smooth surfaces generated by the manifold-based approach share some of the most important properties of splines surfaces, such as local shape control and fixed-sized local support for basis functions. In addition, the differential structure of a manifold provides us with a natural setting for solving equations on the surface boundary of 3D shapes. Our new manifold-based solution possesses most of the best features of previous constructions. In particular, our construction is simple, compact, powerful, and flexible in ways of defining the geometry of the resulting surface. Unlike some of the most recent manifold-based solutions, ours has been devised to work with triangle meshes. These meshes are far more popular than any other kind of mesh encountered in computer graphics and geometry processing applications. We also provide a mathematically sound theoretical framework to undergird our solution. This theoretical framework slightly improves upon the one given by Grimm and Hughes, which was used by most manifold-based constructions introduced before.
Strain-induced enhancement in the thermoelectric performance of a ZrS2 monolayer

The increase of a thermoelectric material's figure of merit (ZT value) is limited by the interplay of the transport coefficients. Here we report the greatly enhanced thermoelectric performance of a ZrS2 monolayer by the biaxial tensile strain, due to the simultaneous increase of the Seebeck coefficient and decrease of the thermal conductivity. Based on first-principles calculations combined with the Boltzmann transport theory, we predict that the band structure of the ZrS2 monolayer can be effectively engineered by the strain, and the Seebeck coefficient is significantly increased. The thermal conductivity is reduced by the applied tensile strain due to the phonon softening. At the strain of 6%, the maximum ZT value of 2.4 is obtained for the p-type doped ZrS2 monolayer at 300 K, which is 4.3 times larger than that of the unstrained system. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the ZT values is investigated, and compared with the unstrained system, the ZT values of the p- and n-type doping are much more balanced by the applied strain.
Detectability of small-scale magnetic fields in early-type stars

Context. Strong, globally-organized magnetic fields are found for a small fraction of O, B, and A stars. At the same time, many theoretical and indirect observational studies have suggested the ubiquitous presence of weak localized magnetic fields at the surfaces of massive stars. However, no direct detections of such fields have been reported yet. Aims. We have carried out the first comprehensive theoretical investigation of the spectropolarimetric observational signatures of the structured magnetic fields. These calculations are applied to interpret null results of the recent magnetic surveys of massive stars. Methods. The intensity and circular polarization spectra of early-type stars were simulated using detailed polarized radiative transfer calculations with LTE model atmospheres. Similar to observational analyses, the mean Stokes I and V line profiles were obtained by applying a multiline averaging technique. Different spectropolarimetric observables were examined for multiple realizations of randomly distributed radial magnetic field spots on different spatial scales. Results. We characterize the amplitude of the circular polarization profiles and the mean longitudinal magnetic field as a function of magnetic spot sizes. The dependence of these observables on the effective temperature, projected rotational velocity, and inclination angle is also investigated. Using results of the recently completed Magnetism in Massive Stars (MiMeS) survey, we derive upper limits on the small-scale magnetic fields compatible with the MiMeS nondetections. Conclusions. According to our simulations, existing spectropolarimetric observations of sharp-lined massive stars rule out the presence of any small-scale fields stronger than 50-250 G, depending on the typical spot sizes. For broad-lined stars, the observations constrain such fields to being below approximately 1 kG.
The Novel Diagnostic Techniques and Biomarkers of Canine Mammary Tumors

Simple Summary The high rate of cancers in both humans and in animals along with their poor overall survival pose a major challenge in medicine. Therefore, a large amount of research has been focused on improving the diagnosis and efficacy of treatment. In the case of human breast cancer (HBC) there are several diagnostic and treatment protocols, which greatly decrease the rate of death among patients. In veterinary medicine, canine mammary tumors (CMTs), which are very similar to HBC, are still poorly studied, lacking in treatment options, they are diagnosed at an advanced stage, and usually have a bad prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis of CMTs and introducing personalized treatment are necessary. This article is a summary of possible novel diagnostic techniques as well as the main biomarkers that seem to improve treating CMTs. Abstract Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are considered a serious clinical problem in older bitches. Due to the high malignancy rate and poor prognosis, an early diagnosis is essential. This article is a summary of novel diagnostic techniques as well as the main biomarkers of CMTs. So far, CMTs are detected only when changes in mammary glands are clinically visible and surgical removal of the mass is the only recommended treatment. Proper diagnostics of CMT is especially important as they represent a very diverse group of tumors and therefore different treatment approaches may be required. Recently, new diagnostic options appeared, like a new cytological grading system of CMTs or B-mode ultrasound, the Doppler technique, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and real-time elastography, which may be useful in pre-surgical evaluation. However, in order to detect malignancies before macroscopic changes are visible, evaluation of serum and tissue biomarkers should be considered. Among them, we distinguish markers of the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, metastatic potential and prognosis, hormone receptors, inflammatory and more recent: metabolomic, gene expression, miRNA, and transcriptome sequencing markers. The use of a couple of the above-mentioned markers together seems to be the most useful for the early diagnosis of neoplastic diseases as well as to evaluate response to treatment, presence of tumor progression, or further prognosis. Molecular aspects of tumors seem to be crucial for proper understanding of tumorigenesis and the application of individual treatment options.
Determinants of Employees' E-HRM Continuous Intention to Use: The Moderating Role of Computer Self-Efficacy

This work intends to examine the determinants of employees' continuous intention to utilize electronic human resource management (e-HRM) based on the technology continuous theory. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the direct and moderating effect of computer self-efficacy for the continuous intention to utilize e-HRM and how it moulds the direct relationship between perceived usefulness, attitude, and satisfaction. In this study, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine the data obtained from a survey of 159 employees. The findings revealed that perceived usefulness, satisfaction, computer self-efficacy, and attitude had a direct and positive impact on continuous intention to use e-HRM. In addition, computer self-efficacy played a moderating role in the relationship between satisfaction, perceived usefulness, attitude, and the continuous intention to use e-HRM. The findings can be utilized by e-HRM service providers to devise strategies that can strengthen the employee's continuous intention and by scholars to increase, improve, and assess the research concerning e-HRM.
HIGH RESOLUTION RADIO AND OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE CENTRAL STARBURST IN THE LOW-METALLICITY DWARF GALAXY II Zw 40

The extent to which star formation varies in galaxies with low masses, low metallicities, and high star formation rate surface densities is not well constrained. To gain insight into star formation under these physical conditions, this paper estimates the ionizing photon fluxes, masses, and ages for young massive clusters in the central region of II Zw 40—the prototypical low-metallicity dwarf starburst galaxy—from radio continuum and optical observations. Discrete, cluster-sized sources only account for half the total radio continuum emission; the remainder is diffuse. The young (≲ 5 Myr) central burst has a star formation rate surface density that significantly exceeds that of the Milky Way. Three of the 13 sources have ionizing photon fluxes (and thus masses) greater than R136 in 30 Doradus. Although isolating the effects of galaxy mass and metallicity is difficult, the H ii region luminosity function and the internal extinction in the center of II Zw 40 appear to be primarily driven by a merger-related starburst. The relatively flat H ii region luminosity function may be the result of an increase in interstellar medium pressure during the merger and the internal extinction is similar to that generated by the clumpy and porous dust in other starburst galaxies.
A Possible Resolution of the Tolman Paradox as a Quantum Superposition

This is an attempt to find a hidden virtue in Tolman's paradox by showing that it can give rise to quantum superposition. We consider tachyon exchange between two particles and show that it can generate superposition of eigenstates characterizing each particle, as well as the entangled state of the particle pair. The new possible aspect of quantum superposition reveals an unexpected connection with cosmological expansion of the Universe.