Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socially responsible children: A link between school climate and aggression and victimization

Positive perceptions of school climate are associated with lower frequency of peer victimization and aggression in children. Understanding how school climate influences aggression and victimization is essential to guiding school-level interventions to enhance character strengths such as social responsibility. In this short-term longitudinal study, we test a theoretical model arguing that children’s social responsibility mediates the links between their positive perceptions of school climate (comprised of authoritative disciplinary classroom structure, classroom support, and teachers’ use of social–emotional learning [SEL] strategies) and changes in their reports of victimization and aggression, in a sample of Brazilian students in Grades 4 and 5 (N = 1,850). Findings gave some support to our model, particularly in the prediction of aggression. Children’s perceived social responsibility mediated the effects of positive school climate in predicting declines in aggressive behaviors. Specifically, teachers’ use of SEL strategies and classrooms with more structure and support predicted lower levels of aggression through increases in students’ social responsibility. In addition, social responsibility mediated the association between teachers’ use of social emotional strategies and declines in victimization. The direct effect of classroom support on victimization was also significant.
Dynamic Operability Analysis of Process Supply Chains for Forest Industry Transformation

An important attribute of a supply chain in a competitive and volatile market environment is the ability to respond rapidly to demand variation. A particularly relevant application is the forest products industry, where a promising strategy to improve the struggling business model entails the shift from commodity products toward high-value specialty products. A key implication is that new process and supply chain designs have sufficient capability to respond quickly to market changes, such that product availability is high. In this study, we develop a computational framework for dynamic operability analysis of process supply chains. A dynamic model of a multiproduct, multiechelon system supply chain system is developed, and incorporated within an optimization framework. A two-stage stochastic programming approach is applied for the treatment of demand uncertainty. A bicriterion optimization problem is formulated for generating the Pareto frontier between an economic and responsiveness criterion. Two case .
RELATIONSHIP OF SHYNESS WITH LIFE SATISFACTION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CAREER SUCCESS

This research study describes the mediating effect of career success for the relationship of shyness with life satisfaction. Current research is based on employees of telecom sector of Lahore Pakistan. Current research proposes four hypotheses. 252 employees of telecom sector are randomly selected for collecting data. Three of the hypotheses are about direct relationships and one is about the mediation effect of career success for the relation of shyness with life satisfaction. The study provided the significant results in reaching the conclusion. All the hypotheses are accepted. Moreover, the career success partially mediates relation of shyness with life satisfaction. In future, these types of studies may also conduct on other sectors like the banking sector; textile sector and education sector for validate the results. It is also worthwhile to collect the data from employees of the Government sector of employees. For generalizing the results data will also collect cities like Islamabad, Faisalabad and Karachi.
Engineered biofiltration for ultrafiltration fouling mitigation and disinfection by-product precursor control

A pilot-scale study was conducted to evaluate the impact of several biofiltration enhancement strategies in terms of organic removal to reduce disinfection by-product (DBP) formation potential and mitigate ultrafiltration (UF) fouling. Strategies included nutrient addition (nitrogen and phosphorus) to optimize metabolic degradation of organics, use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, peroxide) to improve filter run times, and the application of in-line aluminum sulphate (alum) for biopolymer removal. The impact of media type on performance was also examined (anthracite versus granular activated carbon (GAC)). Passive biofiltration (without enhancement) reduced dissolved organic carbon (∼5%), biopolymers (∼20%), and trihalomethane and haloacetic acid precursors (∼20% and ∼12%, respectively) while mitigating UF irreversible fouling (∼60%). Nutrient addition was not observed to enhance biological performance. Addition of 0.5 mg/L hydrogen peroxide decreased head loss by up to 45% without affecting organic removal; however at a dosage of 1 mg/L, it negatively impacted both UF fouling and DBP precursor removal. In-line alum addition prior to biofiltration (<0.5 mg/L) improved UF fouling control by up to 40%, without sacrificing head loss. Overall, GAC provided superior performance when compared to anthracite.
Improvement of the Point Spread Function by Collimators’ New Configuration in Nuclear Medicine

Objective: The collimators in which the various geometrical configurations have been suggested to optimize the sensitivity and resolution have a key role in acquiring the qualified images in nuclear medicine towards a better recognition of some diseases. Methods: In this study, a new configuration as a geometrical combination of the conical, cylindrical and spherical (CCS) volumes for parallel hole collimators which is assessed by using the volumetric-parametric method has been introduced to improve point spread function (PSF) being the collimators response on the radioactive point source. It has been simulated by the MCNPX code at the various energies values of the point source along with the traditional collimator in which included the cylindrical volume only. Results: The PSF will transmogrify from a delta function to a distribution which can correlate with a Gaussian distribution, while the scattered gamma rays were increased. The simulation results have indicated that the PSF in the CCS configuration is narrower than that of the cylindrical one at all the energies, leading the improvement of the resolution. Also, the theoretical results are agreement with the simulated ones. The more the energy value of the source, the more broaden the PSF will be due the more penetration strength. The narrower the PSF, the better the qualified image will be. Conclusion: This method may be employed to determine the accurate attenuation coefficient of absorbers as well.
Associations of obesity with balance and gait among young adults in Bangladesh

Department of Public Health, Hamdard University Bangladesh (HUB), Munshiganj, Bangladesh; Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Physiotherapy, Lions Eye Institute & Hospital (LEIH), Dhaka, Bangladesh Contributions: (I) Conception and design: R Mondal, PC Banik; (II) Administrative support: PCB; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: R Mondal, PC Banik; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: R Mondal; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: R Mondal, RB Ritu; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Rajib Mondal. Lecturer, Department of Public Health, Hamdard University Bangladesh (HUB), Hamdard City of Science, Education & Culture, Gazaria, Munshiganj-1510, Bangladesh. Email: rajibmondaluday@gmail.com.
Airborne lidar observations of wind, water vapor, and aerosol profiles during the NASA Aeolus calibration and validation (Cal/Val) test flight campaign

Abstract. Lidars are uniquely capable of collecting high-precision and high spatiotemporal resolution observations that have been used for atmospheric process studies from the ground, aircraft, and space for many years. The Aeolus mission, the first space-borne Doppler wind lidar, was developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) and launched in August 2018. Its novel Atmospheric LAser Doppler INstrument (ALADIN) observes profiles of the component of the wind vector and aerosol/cloud optical properties along the instrument's line-of-sight (LOS) direction on a global scale. A total of two airborne lidar systems have been developed at NASA Langley Research Center in recent years that collect measurements in support of several NASA Earth Science Division focus areas. The coherent Doppler Aerosol WiNd (DAWN) lidar measures vertical profiles of LOS velocity along selected azimuth angles that are combined to derive profiles of horizontal wind speed and direction. The High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO) measures high resolution profiles of atmospheric water vapor (WV) and aerosol and cloud optical properties. Because there are limitations in terms of spatial and vertical detail and measurement precision that can be accomplished from space, airborne remote sensing observations like those from DAWN and HALO are required to fill these observational gaps and to calibrate and validate space-borne measurements. Over a 2-week period in April 2019, during their Aeolus Cal/Val Test Flight campaign, NASA conducted five research flights over the eastern Pacific Ocean with the DC-8 aircraft. The purpose was to demonstrate the following: (1) DAWN and HALO measurement capabilities across a range of atmospheric conditions, (2) Aeolus Cal/Val flight strategies and comparisons of DAWN and HALO measurements with Aeolus, to gain an initial perspective of Aeolus performance, and (3) ways in which atmospheric dynamic processes can be resolved and better understood through simultaneous observations of wind, WV, and aerosol profile observations, coupled with numerical model and other remote sensing observations. This paper provides a brief description of the DAWN and HALO instruments, discusses the synergistic observations collected across a wide range of atmospheric conditions sampled during the DC-8 flights, and gives a brief summary of the validation of DAWN, HALO, and Aeolus observations and comparisons.
Ehrenfest equations for second-order phase transition under hydrostatic and uniaxial stresses

ABSTRACT For 40 years, many research works have been confusing the linear part of the Ehrenfest equation for the shift of the second-order phase transition temperature in solids by the hydrostatic pressure with the equation for the shift caused by the uniaxial pressure . While the sum of the three slopes is trivially equal to the slope due to hydrostatic pressure , the sum of calculated from the exact Ehrenfest equation for the uniaxial pressure generally does not coincide with and may differ from by the sign and by the absolute value by more than three times.
Bridge expansion after coalescence of two droplets in air: Inertial regime

When two liquid droplets approach at negligible velocity in air, their coalescence spontaneously occurs by jump-to-contact instability and a connecting bridge joining the two facing interfaces at the nanoscale is created. We report experimental investigations of the expansion of this initial bridge by means of high-speed imaging. By considering droplets of water, polydimethylsiloxane, or paraffin of a few hundred micrometers, we investigate regimes where inertia takes a major role. Depending on the Ohnesorge number (Oh), the dynamics of the bridge differs a lot. For Oh ≈1, the initial flow is rapidly attenuated and the connecting bridge between the two droplets adopts a smooth parabolic shape. The maximum interface curvature and the minimum liquid pressure remain at the bridge center. The expansion is thus caused by the capillary pressure that drives the fluid toward the center. At small Oh, in the inertial regime, the length of the initial bridge grows at constant speed and the bridge expansion can be described by the propagation of nondispersive capillary wave packets. The central part of the bridge takes a cylindrical shape connected to the droplets by a narrow region of very large curvature. At the resolved scale, the interface exhibits slope discontinuities. By considering dihedral potential flows that result in the presence of the slope discontinuities, we show that the apparent angle made by the interface controls the flow rate that enters the bridge and thus determines its radial expansion.
Elucidating Age and Sex-Dependent Association Between Frontal EEG Asymmetry and Depression: An Application of Multiple Imputation in Functional Regression

Abstract Frontal power asymmetry (FA), a measure of brain function derived from electroencephalography, is a potential biomarker for major depressive disorder (MDD). Though FA is functional in nature, it is typically reduced to a scalar value prior to analysis, possibly obscuring its relationship with MDD and leading to a number of studies that have provided contradictory results. To overcome this issue, we sought to fit a functional regression model to characterize the association between FA and MDD status, adjusting for age, sex, cognitive ability, and handedness using data from a large clinical study that included both MDD and healthy control (HC) subjects. Since nearly 40% of the observations are missing data on either FA or cognitive ability, we propose an extension of multiple imputation (MI) by chained equations that allows for the imputation of both scalar and functional data. We also propose an extension of Rubin’s Rules for conducting valid inference in this setting. The proposed methods are evaluated in a simulation and applied to our FA data. For our FA data, a pooled analysis from the imputed datasets yielded similar results to those of the complete case analysis. We found that, among young females, HCs tended to have higher FA over the θ, α, and β frequency bands, but that the difference between HC and MDD subjects diminishes and ultimately reverses with age. For males, HCs tended to have higher FA in the β frequency band, regardless of age. Young male HCs had higher FA in the θ and α bands, but this difference diminishes with increasing age in the α band and ultimately reverses with increasing age in the θ band. Supplementary materials for this article, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work, are available as an online supplement.
Yearly and Daily Relationship Assessment between Air Pollution and Early-Stage COVID-19 Incidence: Evidence from 231 Countries and Regions

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significantly changes in worldwide environmental and socioeconomics, especially in the early stage. Previous research has found that air pollution is potentially affected by these unprecedented changes and it affects COVID-19 infections. This study aims to explore the non-linear association between yearly and daily global air pollution and the confirmed cases of COVID-19. The concentrations of tropospheric air pollution (CO, NO2, O3, and SO2) and the daily confirmed cases between 23 January 2020 and 31 May 2020 were collected at the global scale. The yearly discrepancies of air pollutions and daily air pollution are associated with total and daily confirmed cases, respectively, based on the generalized additive model. We observed that there are significant spatially and temporally non-stationary variations between air pollution and confirmed cases of COVID-19. For the yearly assessment, the number of confirmed cases is associated with the positive fluctuation of CO, O3, and SO2 discrepancies, while the increasing NO2 discrepancies leads to the significant peak of confirmed cases variation. For the daily assessment, among the selected countries, positive linear or non-linear relationships are found between CO and SO2 concentrations and the daily confirmed cases, whereas NO2 concentrations are negatively correlated with the daily confirmed cases; variations in the ascending/declining associations are identified from the relationship of the O3-confirmed cases. The findings indicate that the non-linear relationships between global air pollution and the confirmed cases of COVID-19 are varied, which implicates the needs as well as the incorporation of our findings in the risk monitoring of public health on local, regional, and global scales.
Do not sound like an announcer. The emphasis strategy in commercials

Most consumers do not like the speech style that announcers use in marketing messages. The main reason is an exaggerated way of speaking with a strong emphasis. Indeed, announcers tend to stress too many words in commercials, producing an overly emphatic speech style, which sounds choppy and stuttering. This study analyzes how different strategies of emphasizing words in commercials affect the listeners' cognitive processing. Four different strategies (no emphasis, moderate ‐ low, moderate ‐ high, and over ‐ emphasis) were applied to 16 commercials. Participants ( N = 52) had their physiological response (heart rate and skin conductance) measured during ad presentation. Afterward they assessed the commercials' effectiveness and adequacy and performed an immediate recall and a recognition test. The results indicated that the commercials presenting a moderate emphasis (low and high) improved the listeners' cognitive processing compared to messages with no emphasis strategy and the standard industry practice of using over ‐ emphasis.
Could cattle ranching and soybean cultivation be sustainable? A systematic review and a meta-analysis for the Amazon

Abstract: Tropical forests are being destroyed to make space for agricultural activities with the assumption that they are required to feed the growing global population. Consequently, more sustainable practices are needed to guarantee food security and environmental protection of highly threatened natural biodiversity hotspots like the Amazon rainforest. Cattle ranching and soybean cultivation are by far the greater drivers of land use change and deforestation in the Amazon region. We performed a systematic review of papers related to these two main drivers and a meta-analysis on the effects of sustainable practices on different ecosystem services. The results of the review highlight a large concern about the negative impacts of cattle ranching and soybean crops on the ecosystem dynamics and functionality of the Amazon biome, in addition to the clear relationship with deforestation. Another relevant finding is the large gap in empirical research concerning the effects of sustainable practices on different ecosystem services. Such a gap is evident since only 13 studies from the initial database met the requirements for a meta-analysis. Of the 171 comparisons between the ecosystem services provided in conventional land-uses and those adopting sustainable practices, the overall model indicated a non-significant effect, although the results were heterogeneous. Crop yield and herbage biomass were negatively affected, while livestock productivity, soil organic carbon, soil fertility and woody biomass were positively affected. Also, the six sustainable practices evaluated showed different outcomes, from a predominance of positive effects in silvopastoral systems, to a predominance of negative effects on agrosilvicultural systems. Our systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that cattle ranching and soybean cultivation can indeed be conducted in a more sustainable way, enhancing the provision of ecosystem services while avoiding deforestation. In turn, our results also highlight the lack of empirical data and the need to standardize the methodologies used to deeply assess the effects of such practices. In conclusion, we suggest a way to advance research into the real effects of sustainable practices aimed at reducing the negative impacts of cattle ranching and soybean crops in the Amazon.
Urban scaling in rapidly urbanising China

Understanding the scaling characteristics in China is critical for perceiving the development process of rapidly urbanising countries. This paper conducts a comprehensive scaling analysis with quantitative assessment of a large number of diverse urban indicators of 275 Chinese cities. Our findings confirm that urban scaling laws can also be applied to rapidly urbanising China but demonstrate some unique features echoing its distinct urbanisation. Chinese urban population agglomeration results in more effective economic production but the economies of scale for infrastructure are less obvious. Some urban indicators associated with infrastructure and living facilities surprisingly scale super-linearly with urban population size, contrary to expected sublinear scaling behaviours. In developing countries, different-sized cities have diverse agglomeration, industrial and resource allocation advantages, which can be reflected by scaling exponents. We characterise these unique features in detail, exploring the spatial disparities and temporal evolution of scaling exponents (β). Strong regional variations and differences are particularly pronounced in Northeast China and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration. Scaling exponent variations over time reflect the temporal evolution of the urban system and measure the coordination and balance of urbanisation. Economic output was most efficient in 2009 and β of GDP was slightly greater than 1.15 in recent years. Urban land expansion has been accelerating since 2000 with β remaining around 0.85–0.90. The study of urban scaling in China is enlightening in elaborating the uniqueness and coordination of urban development in rapidly urbanising countries and provides support in formulating differentiated urban planning for different-sized cities to promote coordinated development.
Migration of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Wound Healing

Bone marrow derived adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) possess therapeutic qualities that enable them to enhance wound repair. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs remains poorly understood. Basic mechanisms may include the directed migration of delivered cells to target sites and/or the production and release of soluble factors that act at a distance. Allogeneic and even xenogeneic cells may effectively participate in wound repair. Labeled hMSCs were delivered to full-thickness skin wounds that were created in immunologically competent mice. The delivery occurred on day 3 post-wounding using two different carriers; one which released cells and one which retained cells. The fates of the delivered cells were tracked for up to 25 days. During this period, released cells migrated as a tight cohort deep into the wound to reach the subdermal vascular plexus. Simultaneously, enhanced formation of granulation tissue was evident. This migration of hMSCs was not essential in that enhanced granulation tissue formation and wound contraction occurred when cells were retained in the carrier matrix. This provided further evidence for the release of therapeutic factors by hMSCs to sites of injury.