Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) Parameterizations in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model on the Retrieval of Surface Meteorological Variables over the Kenyan Highlands

Regional climate models (RCMs) are crucial for climate studies and may be an alternative source of meteorological data in data-scarce regions. However, the effectiveness of the numerical weather prediction (NWP) models applied in RCMs is hampered by the parameterization of unresolved physical processes in the model. A major source of uncertainties in NWP models is the parameterization of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). This study evaluates the influence of seven PBL parameterization schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model on the retrieval of four meteorological variables over the Kenyan highlands. The seven PBL schemes consist of four local schemes: the Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (MYJ), Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino (MYNN), Bougeault-Lacarrere (BouLac), quasinormal scale elimination (QNSE), and three nonlocal schemes: asymmetrical convective model version 2 (ACM2), Shin and Hong (SHIN) and Yonsei University (YSU). The forcing data for the WRF model was obtained from the fifth generation of the European ReAnalysis (ERA5) dataset. The results were validated against observational data from the Trans-African Hydro-Meteorological Observatory (TAHMO). WRF was found to simulate surface meteorological variables with spatial details coherent with the complex topography within the Kenyan highlands, irrespective of the PBL scheme. A comparison between 2-meter temperature (T2) derived from the YSU scheme and T2 from the land component of ERA5 (ERA5-Land) indicates that surface meteorological variables derived from WRF are better suited for applications over the Kenyan highlands. The choice of the PBL scheme was found to primarily influence the simulation of the 10-meter wind speed (WS10) and rainfall as opposed to T2 and the 2-meter relative humidity (RH2). The insensitivity of the 2-meter variables to the choice of the PBL scheme is attributed to the influence of the surface layer parameterization near the surface. Results from the rainfall simulation indicate that the YSU scheme provides a more realistic depiction of PBL dynamics within the study area. Hence, the YSU scheme is best suited for simulating surface meteorological variables over the Kenyan highlands.
Renovascular Hypertension in Chronic Hemodialytic Patient

Background: Hypertension is a major contributor to the development of chronic kidney disease. Data in Indonesia, hypertension is still the most comorbid disease in CKD patients on dialysis (51%). Hypertension in CKD on dialysis patients is common and often uncontrolled. Renovascular hypertension is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. Diagnosis and treatment of RAS is very important, because it can accelerate the achievement of blood pressure targets, reduce the risk and complications due to hypertension. Case Report: A 52-year-old woman with CKD has been undergoing hemodialysis for 2 years. Hypertension that was previously well controlled for 2 years required an increase in antihypertensive therapy from 2 to 4 drugs in recent months. On physical examination the blood pressure 180/90 mmHg, pulse 79 bpm, respiration 20/min, temperature 36.7oC. Conjunctiva looks anemic, cardiomegaly, lungs within normal limits, no ascites and edema in the extremities. On renal artery duplex ultrasound examination, right main renal artery acceleration time 147.65 ms, Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV) 31.9 cm/s. RI 0.69 and left main renal artery acceleration time 120.81 ms, PSV 16.9 cm/s, RI 0.61. There was 20-30% left renal artery stenosis, 80% right renal artery stenosis. A stent was placed on the right renal artery. The patient's condition after PTRA improved, but at the next follow-up, mean systole and diastole 170 mmHg and 80 mmHg, respectively. Patient received 4 antihypertensive therapy. Conclusion: Renal artery stenosis is a disease that consists of a broad spectrum of different entities with different pathophysiologies that require varied approaches to diagnose and treat. Current diagnostic tools include MRA, CTA and renal artery duplex ultrasonography. Patients with renal parenchymal disease are poorer candidates for revascularization.
Citizens’ social media adoption in Paraguay

Abstract This article aims to identify factors associated with the use of social media by Paraguayan citizens in their relationship with the government. We gathered data using a vignette survey, which recorded the responses to four public service problems and collected scores on perceived effectiveness, capability, social influence, trust in government, trust in social media infrastructure, and social media anxiety. Multivariate analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Perceived effectiveness, social influence, and trust in social media infrastructures were found to be significantly correlated with citizens’ use of such media to report public service issues. On the other hand, capability, trust in government, and social media anxiety were not found to be associated with citizens’ social media use. The results urge further theorization to disentangle how perceived effectiveness, social influence, and trust in social media infrastructures affect digital citizen engagement and participation and under what conditions proprietary social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter contribute to a vibrant democracy.
Nipah Resistant Starch (Nypa fruticans): Modulation of Normal Microflora of Digestion, and Control of Diabetes

Background: Gut microbiota in diabetics, the number is in an unstable condition, and sufferers tend to need foods low in calories not to raise blood sugar levels drastically. Nipah grown in coastal areas has a fairly high starch content, potentially as a source of resistant starch that a beneficial colon microbiota can ferment. The purpose of writing this review is to expand knowledge and provide information to the wider community regarding the potential of Nipah, which can be used as a source of new resistant starch that can be used in diabetes and modulation of normal microflora of the body. Method: This review writing procedure is done by searching various literature electronically, namely accessing International and National article searches and books through databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and others. The collected data is then processed using Mendeley and then synthetic with narrative methods to conclude (interpretation). Results: Results in the writing of this review, namely obtained Nipah fruit flour with a high enough starch content, which is 35.66%, which has the potential as a source of resistant starch. Conclusion: The writing of this review is that the high content of Nipah starch can be developed into a cheap, resistant starch innovation specifically for people with diabetes.
Analysis of undrained cylindrical cavity contraction in anisotropic soils under constant total vertical stress condition

Abstract A semi-analytical solution to cylindrical cavity contraction in anisotropic soils under constant total vertical stress and undrained condition is presented in this paper. The elastoplastic constitutive relationship for the problem considered is obtained via Hooke’s law in the elastic stage and the anisotropic modified Cam-Clay model in the plastic stage. By employing an auxiliary parameter to transform the equilibrium equation from Eulerian scheme into Lagrangian scheme, the problem reduces to an initial value problem with the vertical strain and the effective radial, circumferential, vertical stresses as four basic unknowns. The governing equations of this problem in the plastic region are solved as an initial value problem with the mechanical states of soil at the elastic-plastic boundary as the initial values. Parametric analyses show that, owing to the large deformation in the vertical direction, the material particle at cavity surface reaches the critical state much more quickly under constant total vertical stress condition than that under plane strain condition. The distribution of stress components does not manifest a critical-state region as a traditional plane strain solution does. Also, the overconsolidation ratio has an obvious influence on contraction responses. The proposed solution is expected to provide a more accurate prediction of stress and displacement around a drilled wellbore and to other similar geotechnical problems.
Investigation of Multi-Pesticide Residues
in Prunus persica L. (peach) Cultivars of District
Swat Using Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectroscopy

Protection of agricultural crops from pests and diseases is very important to fulfill the needs of growing population. For this purpose, different types of chemicals are used which leads to the accumulation of toxic organic and inorganic compounds in agricultural cycle particularly in economically important fruits and vegetables. Pesticide residue analysis is fundamentally important to ensure the safety of foods, plant and animal origin, and to preserve the environment. It is therefore crucial to monitor fruits and vegetables for pesticide residues using available advanced analytical techniques. The current study was assigned to investigate pesticide residues in peach fruit. We selected six peach cultivars (Early Grand, Florida King, NJC (05), Elberta (06), Maria Delezia, and Indian blood) from four different locations of district Swat. The sampled fruit varieties were then analysed for pesticide residues using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Results showed that Early Grand variety had pesticide residues with highest concentration of Cypermethrin (16.7±1.38 µg kg -1 ) followed by Pyridaben (7.425±0.11µg kg -1 ). In Florida King, the highest c oncentration of Endosulfan (32.78±0.9 µg kg -1 ) is detected followed by Metachlore (17.36±0.44 µg
NMR Metabolomics Assessment of Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

This Article presents, for the first time to our knowledge, an untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic characterization of the polar intracellular metabolic adaptations of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic differentiation. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone regeneration is a promising alternative to conventional bone grafts, and untargeted metabolomics may unveil novel metabolic information on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, allowing their behavior to be understood and monitored/guided toward effective therapies. Our results unveiled statistically relevant changes in the levels of just over 30 identified metabolites, illustrating a highly dynamic process with significant variations throughout the whole 21-day period of osteogenic differentiation, mainly involving amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis; energy metabolism and the roles of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation; cell membrane metabolism; nucleotide metabolism (including the specific involvement of O-glycosylation intermediates and NAD+); and metabolic players in protective antioxidative mechanisms (such as glutathione and specific amino acids). Different metabolic stages are proposed and are supported by putative biochemical explanations for the metabolite changes observed. This work lays the groundwork for the use of untargeted NMR metabolomics to find potential metabolic markers of osteogenic differentiation efficacy.
Study on High-Resolution Suspended Sediment Distribution under the Influence of Coastal Zone Engineering in the Yangtze River Mouth, China

In this study, we analyzed the influence of coastal zone engineering on suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the Yangtze River mouth based on HY-1C and Chinese GaoFen (GF) satellite data. The results show that: (1) SSC in the Yangtze River mouth is mainly in the range of 200–1300 mg/L, which changes due to natural factors as well as coastal zone engineering; (2) The sand blocking engineering effectively protects the channel from siltation, and SSC in the central line of the channel is 100–300 mg/L lower than that near the dikes in the north and south; (3) Qingcaosha Reservoir plays a stabilizing role in the hydrodynamic force, promoting the deposition of suspended matter, so that the water in the reservoir is clear. SSC inside the Qingcaosha Reservoir, located in the center of the estuary, is 100–500 mg/L lower than the high SSC water outside the reservoir; (4) The bridges interact with the current, facilitating the transport of local sediment, resulting in the increase in SSC downstream of these bridges, and obvious vortexes appear with the length up to nearly 2400 m; and (5) Corresponding protection and development suggestions were put forward as follows. A linear array of wind power plants can be built near and parallel to dikes and leading jetties; to increase the depth of the southeast end of the reservoir; and the location of the bridge should be selected in the place of river where siltation is easy. This study aimed to study the SSC distribution under the complex impact of coastal zone engineering with satellite and to provide possible improvement suggestions.
NRF2 Protects against Altered Pulmonary T Cell Differentiation in Neonates Following In Utero Ultrafine Particulate Matter Exposure

Early life exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution negatively impacts neonatal health. The underlying mechanisms following prenatal exposure, particularly to ultrafine particles (UFP, diameter ≤ 0.1 μm), are not fully understood; To evaluate the role of Nrf2 in response to in utero UFP exposure, we exposed time-mated Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2−/−) or wildtype (WT) mice to filtered air (FA) or 100 μg/m3 ultrafine PM daily throughout pregnancy. Offspring were evaluated for pulmonary immunophenotypes and pulmonary/systemic oxidative stress on postnatal day 5, a timepoint at which we previously demonstrated viral respiratory infection susceptibility; Nrf2−/− offspring exposed to FA had significantly lower average body weights compared to FA-exposed WT pups. Moreover, PM-exposed Nrf2−/− offspring weighed significantly less than PM-exposed WT pups. Notably, PM-exposed Nrf2−/− offspring showed a decreased pulmonary Th1/Th2 ratio, indicating a Th2 bias. Th17 cells were increased in FA-exposed Nrf2−/− neonates yet decreased in PM-exposed Nrf2−/− neonates. Analysis of oxidative stress-related genes in lung and oxidative stress biomarkers in liver tissues did not vary significantly across exposure groups or genotypes. Collectively, these findings indicate that the lack of Nrf2 causes growth inhibitory effects in general and in response to gestational UFP exposure. Prenatal UFP exposure skews CD4+ T lymphocyte differentiation toward Th2 in neonates lacking Nrf2, signifying its importance in maternal exposure and infant immune responses.
Advantages and Limitations of Hydrogen Peroxide for Direct Oxidation of Methane to Methanol at Mono-Copper Active Sites in Cu-Exchanged Zeolites

The oxidant is a crucial factor affecting the performance of direct oxidation of methane to methanol (DMTM). It is still extremely challenging to realize one-pot DMTM using dioxygen. So far, hydrogen peroxide is still the most frequently reported green oxidant for DMTM with high selectivity of methanol. Aiming to achieve insights into the influence of oxidants on the DMTM performance and to improve catalysts, we computationally investigated the reaction mechanisms of DMTM using hydrogen peroxide at mono-copper sites in three kinds of Cu-exchanged zeolites with different sizes of the micropores. We identified the common advantage and limitations of hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. In contrast to molecular oxygen, the O-O bond of hydrogen peroxide could be easily broken to produce reactive surface oxygen species, enabling the facile C-H bond activation of methane at a lower temperature. However, the radical-like mechanism for the C-H bond activation in DMTM using hydrogen peroxide makes the C-H bond breaking of methanol ineluctably superior to methane. This leads to the inevitable trade-off between selectivity and activity for DMTM. Moreover, the lower O-H bonding energy of hydrogen peroxide would also result in the significant self-decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Despite the existence of these bottlenecks, the kinetic analysis manifests that it is still promising to improve catalysts to boost the performance of DMTM using hydrogen peroxide.
The Relationship Between Cognitive Activation, Self-Efficacy, Achievement Emotions and (Meta)cognitive Learning Strategies Among Ugandan Biology Learners

According to the control-value theory of achievement emotions, the influence of cognitive activation teaching strategies on students’ effective use of Cognitive and Meta-Cognitive (CMC) learning strategies is mediated by control appraisals (e.g. self-efficacy) and achievement emotions (i.e. enjoyment and boredom). However, there is limited and contrasting empirical evidence to support this assertion despite claims of cross-cultural and domain consistency. The present study was aimed at examining the multiple mediational roles of self-efficacy and achievement emotions on the relationship between perceived cognitive activation during instruction and four CMC learning strategies among Ugandan biology students. Data were collected using anonymous questionnaires from 587 (50.6% females) tenth grade students with a mean age of 17 years (SD = 1.16) from 10 secondary schools in Uganda. We tested the mediation hypothesis in separate models with each CMC learning strategy. Indirect effects from cognitive activation through self-efficacy and/or enjoyment to CMC learning strategies were all significant confirming their mediational roles. There were significant (p < 0.001) direct effects from cognitive activation to: self-efficacy (β = 0.41), enjoyment (β = 0.26) and cognitive learning strategies, i.e. rehearsal (β = 0.30), organisation (β = 0.30) and elaboration (β = 0.33). Self-efficacy and enjoyment fully mediated the relationship between cognitive activation and metacognition. Except for self-efficacy, direct effects to or from boredom were not significant. Clearly, instructional strategies in biology that stimulate thought among learners are relevant for increasing effective use of any one of CMC learning strategies.
Attitudes and Perspectives of Saudi Female Medical Students towards Online EFL Education under COVID-19 Circumstances

COVID-19 pandemic has caused many educational institutions across the globe to lockdown. Employing online educational models was the best solution to prevent the spread of the virus. This study depicts the attitudes and perspectives of Saudi female medical students towards online English language learning during the pandemic lockdown. The aim is to identify the challenges of online learning to understand the students’ learning experiences and suggest practical solutions. The two main questions are: How do virtual education approaches influence students’ educational behavior, and what are the students’ perspectives towards virtual education amid the pandemic? After two semesters of solely distance education, a questionnaire was conducted to scrutinize students’ perceptions of online learning using Zoom, Cisco WebEx, and Blackboard platforms. Fifty-seven students enrolled in their first-year medical program in the 2020/2021 academic year participated in this study. “Quantitative as well as qualitative” methods were used. Results indicate that an average of 63.52% of students preferred distance education over onsite. However, 69.5% of students encountered technical difficulties. On the other hand, online education was more enjoyable than onsite education for 45.6% versus 19.3% who did not enjoy it. Further, 50.8% of students were more active during online classes, and 59.6% perceived online education as an efficient teaching method to expand their knowledge, skills, and social competence. The data reflects that the general attitudes towards distance education were positive. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate a need for special attention to providing further technical support for students who experience technical difficulties
Oleogels prepared with low molecular weight gelators: Texture, rheology and sensory properties, a review

Abstract There is a growing need for healthier foods with no trans and reduced saturated fat. However, solid fats play critical roles in texture and sensory attributes of food products, making it challenging to eliminate them in foods. Recently, the concept of oleogelation as a novel oil structuring technique has received numerous attentions owing to their great potential to mimic the properties of solid fats. Understanding textural, rheological and sensory properties of oleogels helps predict the techno-functionalities of oleogels to replace solid fats in food products. This research critically reviews the textural and rheological properties of oleogels prepared by low molecular weight oleogelators (LMWGs) and functional characteristics of foods formulated by these oleogels. The mechanical properties of LMWG-containing oleogels are comprehensively discussed against conventional solid fats. The interactions between the oleogel and its surrounding food matrix are explained, and the sensory attributes of oleogel containing reformulated products are highlighted. Scientific insights into the texture and rheological properties of oleogels manufactured with a wide range of low molecular gelators and their related products are provided in order to boost their implication for creating healthier foods with high consumer acceptability. Future research opportunities on low molecular weight gelators are also discussed.
Factors Affecting Blood Donation Intervals And Patterns Of Return Based On A Sample In Southern Iran: A Follow-Up Design

Objectives — The main goal of blood transfusion centers is to recruit and retain more qualified blood donors. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the return of volunteer blood donors. Material and Methods — A cohort study was conducted on all blood donors who donated blood for the first time, from March 21, 2013, to March 20, 2014. They were followed up for five years (up to March 20, 2018). Demographic characteristics, type of blood donation and time interval between two blood donations were recorded as recurrent events. Data were then analyzed using Logit Model for Multinomial Responses and Cox's shared frailty model. Results — Of the 2010 blood donors, 33.7% as the repeated donor and 16.2% as the regular donor had regular donations. The frequency of blood donation was in the range of 1 to 20 with a mean of 4.54±3.29. There was a significant reverse relationship between the number of donations and the time interval between two donations. The variables of gender, marital status and occupation had a significant effect on the blood donation of the repeated and regular donors. Genders, age at the time of the first donation, marital status and occupation had a significant effect on the intervals between blood donations. Conclusions — Most of blood supply of Iran is provided by men and first-time donors. Since the decision to donate and keep donating blood involves many complex issues applied programs are require to convert women and first-time donors into regular donors.