Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
classification of the Vireya group of rhododendron (ericaceae)

A new classification of the Vireya group of Rhododendron, based upon their evolutionary relationships as inferred from analysis of nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data, is presented. Rhododendron sect. Vireya is not monophyletic and its species are herein placed in three sections within subg. Rhododendron, namely sect. Discovireya, sect. Pseudovireya and sect. Vireya, with two subsections recognised within sect. Vireya: subsect. Euvireya and subsect. Malayovireya. Identification keys are provided.
The Effect of International Trade on Employment in Turkey

Uluslararasi ticaret ile istihdam arasindaki iliskinin aciklanmasinda nihai mal ihracat ve ithalatinin analizi sinirli sonuclar vermektedir; cunku uluslararasi ticaretin onemli bir kismi uluslararasi uretim zincirlerinin bir parcasi olarak gerceklesmektedir. Uluslararasi uretim zincirlerine dayanan uluslararasi ticaret yapisi, uluslararasi ticaretin istihdama olan etkilerini daha karmasik hale getirmektedir. Ihracatin ve ithalatin istihdam etkisine ek olarak; ihracatin ithalat icerigi, ithalatin ihracat icerigi ve ucuncu ulkeden ithal edilen ara mallarin istihdam etkileri dikkate alinmalidir. Bu calismanin amaci, Turkiye’de uluslararasi ticaretin istihdam uzerindeki etkisini 2014 yili icin Dunya Girdi Cikti Tablosu’nu (WIOT) kullanarak ulkeler ve sektorler duzeyinde yukarida bahsedilen bes bilesenle aciklamaktir. Calisma, 2014 yilinda ihracatin Turkiye’de yaklasik 3 milyonluk istihdam talebine yol actigini gostermektedir. Tekstilde uluslararasi ticaret, Turkiye ve yurtdisindaki en yuksek istihdam talebini yaratmaktadir. Ulke analizi ile ilgili olarak; Cin, Hindistan ve Endonezya ile yapilan uluslararasi ticaret, bu ulkelerde Turkiye’den daha fazla istihdam yaratmaktadir.
PREDATORS, PARASITOIDS, AND PATHOGENS AS MORTALITY AGENTS IN PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECT POPULATIONS

We compiled life tables for 78 holometabolous herbivorous insect species to quantify levels of apparent enemy-induced mortality of immature insects. Enemies were classified by type (predator, parasitoid, or pathogen), and mortalities caused by each type in each herbivore immature stage were tested with Analysis of Deviance for differences associated with four ecological characteristics of preadult herbivores: feeding biology, invasion status, and the cultivation status and latitudinal zone of the habitat. Total enemy- induced mortality is higher in the late developmental stages, and overall, parasitoids kill more herbivores than do either predators or pathogens. Among the ecological variables, both feeding biology and latitude showed significant enemy effects in at least one late developmental stage, whereas neither cultivation status nor invasion status was associated with enemy-induced mortality in any stage. Bonferroni adjustment of probabilities for multiple comparisons resulted in few significant interactions between enemy type and the ecological variables. However, raw probabilities and comparisons across herbivore im- mature stages suggest several patterns that deserve attention in future studies: (1) endophytic herbivores suffer lower mortality by predators and pathogens than exophytics, and endo- phytic leaf miners suffer the greatest parasitoid-induced mortality, while endophytic gallers/ borers/root feeders suffer the least; (2) overall enemy-induced mortality is similar in natural and cultivated habitats; (3) exotic insects do not suffer lower enemy-induced mortality rates than natives; and (4) predation and disease may be greater in tropical/subtropical habitats, whereas parasitism is greater in the temperate zone. These results identify several general patterns in insect demographics that should be useful for hypothesis testing.
Supporting disabled parents and their families: perspectives and recommendations from parents, attorneys, and child welfare professionals

ABSTRACT While it is well-established that parents with disabilities and their families are over-represented in the child welfare system, no known research has described the parents,’ child welfare professionals,’ and attorneys’ perspectives on the system’s capacity to support them or their recommendations for improvement. This qualitative phenomenological study involved semi-structured interviews with 15 disabled parents, 15 child welfare professionals, and 15 parent attorneys. Respondents agreed that the child welfare system lacks expertise on disability and adequate services for disabled parents, and holds negative attitudes about them. Respondents recommended robust training for professionals on parents with disabilities, and individually-tailored services for disabled parents.
Gender Stereotypes and Self-Efficacy as Determinants of the Glass Ceiling Effect: A Study of Female Civil Servants in Central Java

Glass ceiling refers to the obstruction of opportunities for female employees to get promoted to higher positions, despite being qualified and having achievements, due to gender discrimination. This study aimed to identify the relationship between gender stereotypes and self-efficacy with the glass ceiling phenomenon experienced by female civil servants in Central Java. Sixty female civil servants were involved as samples. This study used three instruments: glass ceiling scale (α = 0.855), gender stereotypes scale (α = 0.933), and self-efficacy scale (α = 0.879). The data was processed using linear regression analysis. The findings revealed that there was a strong correlation (r = 0.803) between gender stereotypes (β 1 = 0.377) and self-efficacy (β 2 = -0.431) with the glass ceiling phenomenon experienced by female civil servants in Central Java.
Electrotrawling: a promising alternative fishing technique warranting further exploration

In trawl fisheries, beam trawls with tickler chains, chain mats or bobbin ropes are used to target flatfish or shrimp. High fuel consumption, seabed disturbance and high discard rates are well-known disadvantages of this fishing technique. These shortcomings are increasingly gaining international public and political attention, especially with the upcoming discard ban in Europe. The most promising alternative fishing technique meeting both the fisherman's aspirations, and the need for ecological progress is pulse fishing with electrotrawls. Here, the mechanical stimulation by tickler chains or bobbins is replaced by electrical stimulation resulting in reduced bottom contact, fuel costs and discards. Although a significant amount of research has been done on electrotrawls and their impact on marine organisms, most data were published in very diverse sources ranging from local non-peer-reviewed reports with a limited distribution to highly consulted international peer-reviewed journals. Therefore, there is a clear need for a comprehensive yet concise and critical overview, covering and summarizing all these data and making these available for the scientific community. This article aims to meet the above goals by discussing the working principle of electric fields, the history of electrotrawls and their current application in the North Sea and impact on marine organisms. It is concluded by elaborating on the opportunities and challenges for the further implementation of this alternative fishing technique.
Effects of initial spacing on the stem and branch properties and graded quality of Picea abies (L.) karst

The effects of spacing on the stem and branch properties of Norway spruce growing on a good soil in southwestern Sweden were evaluated. Butt logs from sample trees were test sawn, and the boards were machine‐stress graded and graded according to Swedish export rules. Branch diameter and bole diameter both responded positively to an increase in spacing. Quality, as reflected by stress and export grades, increased in response to a decrease in spacing.
Coupled tribo-dynamic modelling of linear guideways for high precision machining application

Linear guideways play a crucial role in determining precision of machine tools. Understanding their dynamic response is essential for objectively controlling their behavior and performance in operation. Due to highly loaded lubricated contacts, mixed-elastohydrodynamic regime is dominant. The mixed-elastohydrodynamic film maintains the coupling between horizontal degree of freedom (feed velocity) and vertical degree of freedom (loading direction). This paper presents a novel tribo-dynamic solution for linear guideways, taking in to account the lubricant effects and coupling between horizontal and vertical degrees of freedom. An analytical tribology model is used implicitly within the dynamic model. For in-depth tribological quantities including pressure and film thickness distribution, an explicit full numerical solution for mixed-elastohydrodynamic is utilized. Results show that the coupled solution of vertical and horizontal degrees of freedom taking in to account lubricated contacts is essential. It is shown that at moderate and light loads, the effect of this coupling and presence of lubricant is more pronounced.
Number and proportion of southern bird species in Norway in relation to latitude, spring temperature and respiration equivalent

Numbers and proportions of southern bird species in Norway were analyzed, mainly using data from the literature. Southern, regularly breeding, bird species constituted 18% of water/wetland birds and 45% of landbirds. This difference is related to the opposing latitudinal gradients in species richness. Also, the majority of southern water/wetland bird species in Norway are associated with a habitat type that covers small areas, in contrast to southern landbird species. Correlation analysis showed that May temperature and respiration equivalent (a measure of potential for plant growth and ripening) each could account for about 85% of the variation in proportion of southern passerine species, and about 75% in proportion of southern wader species. Significant second-order, partial correlations were found between proportion of southern passerines and latitude. May temperature and respiration equivalent. It is suggested that the northern distributional limits of passerines, may be indirectly causally related to May temperature and respiration equivalent, and also directly causally related to May temperature. Evidence of causal relationships between northern distributional limits of waders and May temperature or respiration equivalent was not found. For May temperature this may be because of insufficient number of wader censuses.
Application of a direct microscopic method for enumeration of substrate-responsive marine bacteria

The suitability of a modified acridine orange epifiuorescence technique for direct enumeration of substrate-responsive marine bacteria was evaluated. Seawater samples, incubated with nalidixic acid and various growth substrates, were examined for the presence of enlarged bacterial cells. On average, direct counts of enlarged responsive cells were two orders of magnitude lower than total bacterial numbers as observed by microscopy. The number of swollen cells was found to vary with concentration and type of substrate. Largest direct counts of substrate-responsive cells were obtained in samples incubated with yeast extract or tryptone. Significantly lower counts were obtained in seawater samples incubated with simple carbon or nitrogen sources. Results indicated that growth requirements and substrate preferences of marine bacteria may affect direct microscopic counts of substrate-responsive cells.
Gene Action and Combining Ability for Grain Yield and Its Components in Rice

ABSTRACT In this study, an effort was made to identify good parents and nature of gene action governing different characters of rice by line (4 restorers) × tester (2 cytoplasmic male sterile lines) analysis. The trial comprising 8 hybrids and their parents were laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications and characterized for yield and nine yield component traits. In the present study, the ANOVA for combining ability revealed significant differences between the treatments (genotype) for all the traits studied and amongst the treatments the mean sum of square (MSS) due to parents showed significant differences for all the traits. The grain yield, grain number per panicle, plant height and days to fifty percent flowering appears to be the key determining traits and showed significant differences for the lines, testers, line × testers. Parents with low × high general combining ability (GCA) effects resulted in heterotic hybrid combination like the IR68281A/IR68749R. Interestingly, we found low × low GCA to give the best heterotic combination, i.e., IR68281A/IR60966R. However, it is worthy to note that the line IR60966R showed non-significant GCA effects for grain yield, hundred grain weight, flag leaf length and grain width while significant but negative GCA effects for grain number per panicle and a low GCA tester IR68281A for all the traits. Perhaps, it implies that the GCA only identifies better parental lots but it will be unwise to discard the low GCA types. Therefore, it can be concluded that the prediction of heterosis on the basis of GCA of the parents may not always be accurate. Based on the specific combining ability (SCA) effects only three combinations were found to be highly significant for grain yield, i.e., IR58025A/IR60819R, IR68281A/IR42686R, IR68281A/IR60966R. Such hybrid combinations will be utilized for exploitation of hybrid vigor after assessing their cooking quality features. Heterobeltiosis for yield was positive ranging from 4.1 to 32.2% for six out of eight hybrids. The grain length and width improved for hybrids over the better parents. Predominance of dominant gene action for all the traits studied except for plant height and hundred grain weight thus suggesting that the hybrid breeding must be strongly pursued for the exploitation of the yield advantage over the inbred varieties.
Very Fast, High-Performance 5-2 and 7-2 Compressors in CMOS Process for Rapid Parallel Accumulations

Design methodology for ultrahigh-speed 5-2 and 7-2 compressors has been illustrated in this article. With the help of introduced procedure, the gate-level delay has been reduced considerably when compared with the previous designs, while the total transistor and gate count remain in a reasonable range. By starting the discussion for the carry rippling problem in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n-2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> compressors, the method has been developed for 5-2 compressor and is expanded for 7-2 architecture, which shows 32% and 30% improvement in speed performance for these structures, respectively. Also, the careful design considerations have been taken into account to keep other characteristics, such as power and active, are at a reasonable level. Moreover, for a fair comparative conclusion, the best-reported circuits have been redesigned, and their parasitic elements were extracted utilizing the same technology employed for the synthesis of the proposed circuits. Finally, a typical <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$16 \times 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bit multiplier has been implemented to investigate the efficiency of the designed compressor blocks. Based on the postlayout simulation results provided using HSPICE for TSMC 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> standard CMOS technology and 1.8-V power supply, the proposed compressors demonstrate better speed performance and power–delay product (PDP) factor over previous works. As the results depict, the delay of 303 ps has been achieved for the 5-2 compressor while the measured delay of the designed 7-2 compressor is 464 ps.
The Role of Tides in Ocean‐Ice Shelf Interactions in the Southwestern Weddell Sea

• Near-observed Weddell Sea gyre, continental-shelf & cavity water masses in interactive ocean/sea-ice/tide/ice-shelf melt simulations • Tides amplify basal melt-refreeze pattern, raising net melt by 50%, associated with enhanced time-varying kinetic energy at the ice base • Impacts of additional meltwater production on Weddell continental shelf sea ice and newly formed bottom water properties are suggested * Corresponding author: U. Hausmann, uhausc at gmail dot com This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as
Daphnia community analysis in shallow Kenyan lakes and ponds using dormant eggs in surface sediments

Summary 1. Water fleas of the genus Daphnia are considered rare in tropical regions, and information on species distribution and community ecology is scarce and anecdotal. This study presents the results of a survey of Daphnia species distribution and community composition in 40 standing waterbodies in southern Kenya. The study sites cover a wide range of tropical standing aquatic habitats, from small ephemeral pools to large permanent lakes between approximately 700 and 2800 m a.s. l. Our analysis combines data on Daphnia distribution and abundance from zooplankton samples and dormant eggs in surface sediments. 2. Nearly 70% (27 of 40) of the sampled waterbodies were inhabited by Daphnia. Although their abundance in the active community was often very low, this high incidence shows that Daphnia can be equally widespread in tropical regions as in temperate regions. 3. Analysis of local species assemblages from dormant eggs in surface sediments was more productive than snapshot sampling of zooplankton communities. Surface-sediment samples yielded eight Daphnia species in total, and allowed the detection of Daphnia in 25 waterbodies; zooplankton samples revealed the presence of only four Daphnia species in 16 waterbodies. 4. Daphnia barbata, D. laevis, and D. pulex were the most frequently recorded and most abundant Daphnia species. Canonical correspondence analysis of species–environment relationships indicates that variation in the Daphnia community composition of Kenyan waters was best explained by fish presence, temperature, macrophyte cover and altitude. Daphnia barbata and D. pulex tended to co-occur with each other and with fish. Both species tended to occur in relatively large (>10 ha) and deeper (>2 m) alkaline waters (pH 8.5). Daphnia laevis mainly occurred in cool and clear, macrophyte-dominated lakes at high altitudes.
‘Everywhere is home’: The paradox of ‘homing’ and child upbringing among Nigerian-Chinese families in Guangzhou city

Africa–China relations are facilitating different flows and inducing mobilities that have produced Afro-Chinese families in Guangzhou, China. This article examines how Nigerian-Chinese couples construct and embrace contradictory notions of home, as well as how their child upbringing practices manifest this paradox. The article uses data from life history interviews, repeated visits and in social hangouts involving both Nigerian-Chinese couples and individual Nigerian men in interracial marriages. Whereas Nigerian men tend to feel less at home, owing to problems such as perceived Chinese identity exclusivity, the uncertainty of life, and their experiences of discrimination and racism, their Chinese spouses, as internal migrants themselves, also feel similarly unwelcome in Guangzhou. Furthermore, Nigerian-Chinese couples feel obligated to secure the futures of their Afro-Chinese children due to a suspicion that Chinese society may not accept them. The parenting styles, hopes and aspirations revealed by Nigerian-Chinese couples regarding their children show that they view home as an un-centred category.
Naphthaleneacetic acid suppresses peroxidase activity during the induction of adventitious roots in soybean hypocotyls

Summary The synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) promoted rooting in soybean ( Glycine max ) hypocotyls. The activity of anionic peroxidases (PODs, pI 3.5, pI 3.7 and pI 4.4) and cationic PODs (pI 8.3, pI 9.1 and pI 9.4) was significantly inhibited by exogenous NAA during the induction of adventitious roots. In addition, the reduction in POD activity (pI 4.4, pI 8.3 and pI 9.4) correlated with a reduction in corresponding transcription activity. POD patterns and transcription in NAA-treated hypocotyls demonstrated the specific effect of NAA on POD isozymes, indicating that NAA suppresses POD gene expression during the induction of adventitious root. The decline of POD activity in NAA-treated hypocotyls was accompanied by a decrease in lignin content. We suggest that both anionic and cationic PODs might be involved in lignin synthesis in soybean hypocotyls.
The Effect of Professionalism, Leadership Style, Organizational Commitment and Locus of Control on Auditor Performance (Study at a Public Accounting Firm in Jakarta)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of professionalism, leadership style, organizational commitment and locus of control on the performance of auditors of public accounting firms in Jakarta Province. The population sampling technique is purposive sampling. Samples are the auditors who participate in the survey; 74 respondents in 15 public accounting firms. Hypothesis test on this research is based on the multiple regression analysis. Based on the result, it was concluded that the professionalism and leadership style partially had a significant positive effect on auditor performance. Organizational commitment and locus of control partially had no significant effect on the auditor's performance. Professionalism, leadership style, organizational commitment and locus of control similarly had a significant positive effect on auditor performance.