Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A data variability index: Quantifying complexity of models and analyzing adversarial data

In system modeling arises a fundamental question about the level of difficulty one may encounter when designing a model on a basis of some training data. In this study, we advocate that such level of difficulty inherently depends upon the variability of the available function (data). If for a pair of input data which exhibits small differences, the differences of the corresponding outputs are substantial then building a model in the presence of such data becomes more challenging than in cases of data where the differences in the output data are far more limited. Dwelling on this observation, we introduce a variability index quantifying the nature of data in terms of variability observed in input and output data, respectively. The proposed index is model‐neutral (model agnostic), namely describes and quantifies the modeling challenge implied by the data irrespectively of the specific model to be constructed. In case of functions, we show that the Lipschitz constant plays a similar role as the variability index computed for experimental data. An original way of reducing values of the variability index through a nonlinear transformation of original data completed by a fuzzy rule‐based model is introduced. It is shown that such rule‐based architecture gives rise to a piecewise linear transformation (multipoint linear approximation) exhibiting required contraction‐dilation characteristics. The optimization of this transformation is carried out with the use of a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. We also demonstrate that the index can be used to quantify a concept of adversarial data. Along this line, we introduce a granular characterization of adversarial feature of individual data points. A series of experiments is provided to offer a thorough illustration and detailed insight into the nature and a thorough characterization of publicly available data.
Mental Models: Structural Differences and the Role of Experience

Mental models are mental representations of the external world that humans constantly use when they interact with the environment and systems within it. These mental models are in part constituted by an underlying structure of associated concepts that are modified as a person gains experience with a system or domain. Video games provide a context that encourages the development of sophisticated mental models. The current research sought to understand how mental model structures differ between video game players of varying experience levels. Participants were recruited both over internet forums and through Mechanical Turk. Mental model structures were measured using relatedness ratings between pairs of concepts that were derived from players with high levels of experience playing League of Legends. Relatedness ratings were transformed into Pathfinder networks that were used to analyze mental model structures. Results revealed structural differences in mental models between experience levels. A three-stage model of mental model structure development is proposed to explain the results, which suggest that some structural characteristics appear earlier in mental model development than others. The role of mental model structural characteristics is discussed in light of both the design of training programs and video games.
Investigation of Microplastic Exposure to Marine Fish in the Marine Tourism Area of Makassar City

Plastic waste pollution in the marine environment triggers the formation of microplastics dissolved in seawater. Microplastics are one of the nutrients for plankton and phytoplankton. Through the food chain, microplastics can accumulate in the bodies of marine biota, until they finally reach the human body. The purpose of this research is to investigate and determine the microplastic group in fish in Makassar City KWB destinations. The method applied is maceration extraction using 70% C2H­5OH for 3 days, then extracted with N-Hexane. The non-polar extracts identified the microplastic components using FTIR spectroscopy and analyzed the types of microplastics based on their absorption spectrum images. The results of the study were that all fish samples coded PS.B. 1, PS.B. 2, PS.B. 3, were contaminated with secondary microplastics. Types of microplastics were identified, namely PP, PVC, PE, PS, PET and PC. The microplastic contaminants are thought to be the result of community activities. The public needs to be aware of the potential for microplastic accumulation in the bodies of marine fish that are consumed. Managers of Makassar City KWB destinations are advised to apply a pattern of supervision to the community to care about waste and educate the implementation of plastic waste recycling management
The Interconnectedness between Green Finance Indexes and Other Important Financial Variables

In this article, the authors explore the degree of interconnectedness between stock indexes adjusted for green revenues of companies from major economies and various other important macroeconomic and financial variables. For the most complex model considered, the analysis indicates that the green revenue index for China is directly related to the green revenue indexes of the US, Europe and UK, only to Apple but not to Microsoft, and to none of the macroeconomic variables included in the study. The analysis shows that gold price risk is orthogonal on climate change risk. Oil prices and international bond prices seem to impact the green revenues of companies in China and the UK only through the related green revenues of the intermediary companies in the US and Europe.
Capacitive Emulation Using Predictive Current Control in LCL-Filtered Grid-Connected Converters to Mitigate Grid Current Distortion

This paper presents an improvement of the capacitive emulation (CE) method to reduce the line current distortion caused by grid-tied LCL-filtered converters. In these cases, the grid voltage is applied to the LCL’s capacitor, which generates a distorted capacitor current that pollutes the line. The CE method consists in controlling the converter currents instead of the grid currents, while the converter generates a copy of the distorted capacitor current, so that both the copy and the distorted currents cancel each other in the grid. Therefore, we can say that the converter emulates a negative capacitance connected to the grid, while at the same time delivers its active and reactive powers at the fundamental frequency. The CE method is achieved by adding an estimation of the distorted capacitor current to the converter current reference. However, an effective capacitive emulation requires a current control capable of accurately tracking all harmonics added to the current reference. In this sense, this paper proposes the use of a new integral predictive current control (IPCC), a dead-beat type of control that ensures a constant closed-loop group delay in a wide bandwidth. Unlike a PI control where the closed-loop delay varies with the frequency of the tracked harmonic, the constant control delay of the IPCC can be effectively compensated with a buffer-based advanced current reference. The effectiveness of the proposed CE method with IPCC control to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the line currents has been proved experimentally on a 10 kVA transformerless grid-connected three-phase inverter.
Creep Rheology of Antigorite: Experiments at Subduction Zone Conditions

Novel fluid medium pressure cells were used to deform antigorite under constant stress creep conditions at low temperature, low strain rate (10−9 − 10−4 1/s), and high pressure (1 GPa) in a Griggs‐type apparatus. Antigorite cores were deformed at constant temperatures between 75°C and 550°C, by applying 8–12 stress‐strain steps per temperature. The microstructures of deformed samples share features documented in previous work (e.g., shear microcracks), and highlight the importance of basal shear and kinks to antigorite plasticity. Rheological data were fit with a low temperature plasticity law, consistent with a deformation mechanism involving large lattice resistance. When applied at geologic stresses and strain rates, the extrapolated viscosity agrees well with predictions based on subduction zone thermal models.
Detection of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from Egyptian vultures from arid regions of India

Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) wintering in north-western India remains for several months (October to March) and with due course they have become an inhabitant of a synanthropic site in Jorbeer, a livestock and other animal carcasses dumping and disposing site in the outskirts of Bikaner city of Rajasthan. The main purpose of this study was to isolate and identify E. coli from critically endangered Egyptian vultures through conventional and molecular methods along with determining their antibiotic resistance profile. Bacteriological analyses were conducted on 38 freshly voided fecal samples, leading to the isolation of E. coli in 30 samples which were identified by biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. In the antibiogram study, out of 12 antibiotics two antibiotics namely norfloxacin and co-trimoxazole were highly effective against most (93.33%) of the isolates. Highest resistance was against cephotaxime (56.65%) followed by amoxyclav (43.33%). Antibiogram showed a moderate spread of E. coli strains showing antibiotic resistance among Egyptian vultures at Jorbeer, Bikaner.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in a Patient with Radiation Retinopathy Complicated by Corticosteroid-Induced Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a common chorioretinal disorder. It has been postulated that impaired retinal pigment epithelium and hyperpermeability of the choriocapillaris may be involved in the development of CSC, but the exact pathomechanism has not been established. We report an unusual case of a middle-aged man who developed CSC after triamcinolone acetonide injection for macular edema. Edema developed as a late complication of radiation retinopathy after brachytherapy for childhood retinoblastoma. Steroid treatment is an important risk factor for CSC, but the underlying causative mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. It is important to increase the awareness of this link among clinicians who prescribe exogenous corticosteroids, irrespective of the route of administration.
Driving among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Over the past several decades there has been a surge of research on the contextual, biological, and psychological factors associated with transportation safety in adolescence. However, we know much less about the factors contributing to transportation safety among adolescents who do not follow a typical developmental trajectory. Adolescents with developmental disabilities (DD) such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have a wide range of behavioral and psychological deficits that may make the complex task of driving even more challenging. Because these adolescents often retain characteristic symptoms of their disorder into adulthood, it may impede their ability to achieve important milestones during the developmental transition from adolescent to adult. As the motivating force behind autonomous living and employment, the capacity for independent transportation is paramount to an adolescent’s overall success. This critical review will draw from the current body of literature on adolescent drivers with developmental disabilities to determine (1) areas of impairment; (2) safety risk factors; and (3) effective interventions for improving driving safety in this vulnerable population of adolescent drivers between the ages of 15–22. This review will also identify important unanswered research questions, and summarize the current state of the literature.
Can the Rational Design of International Institutions Solve Cooperation Problems? Insights from a Systematic Literature Review

Global governance challenges highlight the role of international institutions as problem-solving structures. Institutional design is, more than ever, relevant in this context. The academic literature on this issue is characterized by the existence of consolidated debates such as that of rationalism vs. constructivism, with a focus on making specific contributions to the rational design of international institutions. Koremenos, Lipson, and Snidal (2001) elaborated upon a series of cause-effect conjectures linking cooperation problems, considered independent variables, with institutional design features, considered dependent variables. This research aims to highlight the empirical evidence of the existing debate on this work by conducting a systematic review. Twenty-one quantitative research studies were collected through a screening and selection procedure and were subject to systematization. The findings showed asymmetric approaches to the rational design project, and agreements were the type of international institution that received the most attention from academia. Rationalism was supported by most of the body of literature. However, a broad subgroup of articles complemented this rational approach with other variables or schools of thought, such as those of constructivism and historical institutionalism. The results have relevance for the international institution design literature, as future avenues of potential research are underlined.
The Influence of Principal Situational Leadership, Teacher Work Climate and Teacher Job Satisfaction with Teacher Performance at SDN in Awayan District

Teacher performance is entirely dependent on the teacher's efforts to provide the learning process in order to meet educational objectives. This study employing a quantitative investigation utilizing an associative technique involved 156 teachers who worked in 21 schools. A total of 112 participants were included in the research. Proportional random sampling was a sample strategy used in this study. The data was collected using measures were assessed for validity and reliability using moment product correlation and included situational leadership (15 questions), work atmosphere (20 items), job satisfaction (31 items), and teacher performance (14 items). This study's data was analyzed using Path Analysis method. The findings revealed that situational leadership and the work environment have an impact on teacher performance, either directly or indirectly, through job satisfaction.
Characterization of Unripe Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) and Its Use to Obtain Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds by Green Extraction

Thinning pruning is a process in modern viticulture to improve product quality when grapes are still in the immature fruit stage. Unripe grapes, which are waste, are mostly consumed locally as verjuices to meet domestic demand. This study aims to optimize a more efficient “green” technique for the extraction of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) from three varieties of unripe grape juice by response surface method (RSM) using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The influence of temperature (25–65°C) and extraction time (5–30 min) on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and CUPRAC) was investigated. In this study, physicochemical properties, mineral composition, phenolic and organic acid components of three different verjuices were also investigated. As a result, the optimal extraction points for extraction time (12 min) and temperature (30°C) were determined. All independent variables were found to be significantly effective on TPC and AC content during UAE. Verjuices are a rich source of antioxidants, phenols, organic acids, minerals, and vitamin C. This study is expected to contribute to the evaluation of unripe grape wastes, which are very rich in bioactive components, and to increase its economic potential by expanding local production, thus contributing to sustainable agri-food processing.
Product development of passion fruit and citrus peel dark chocolate

Fruit wastes, mainly the peels and the seeds are produced as by-products in large quantities due to the high consumption and industrial processing of the edible parts of the fruits. The utilization of fruit wastes such as fruit peels and seeds for food production serves as a means to reduce the environmental impact. This project aimed to develop dark chocolate by using passion fruit with seeds and orange peels as functional ingredients. Dark chocolate is well known for its high antioxidant activity, especially rich in healthpromoting flavonoids. Passion fruit seeds and orange peels are high in dietary fibre content. Thus, the addition of these ingredients could increase the dietary fibre content of dark chocolate. The effects of passion fruits with seeds and orange peels on the nutritive values, antioxidant properties, and sensorial properties of dark chocolate were evaluated. The passion fruit with orange peel dark chocolate contained 51.15% fat, 9.55% moisture, 8.04% protein, 3.56% ash, and 3.06% total dietary fibre. The sample contained significantly higher (p<0.05) dietary fibre (3.06±0.02%) than that of the control (0.93±0.10%). Sensory qualities (colour, surface smoothness, aroma, texture, melting property, and overall acceptance) of dark chocolate were evaluated by 35 panellists using a 9-point hedonic scale. The mean overall acceptance score of the sample was 6.91 out of 9 with an acceptance index of 77%. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the sample (86.10±0.13%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the control (61.10±0.13%). In conclusion, the development of passion fruit and citrus peel dark chocolate provides an alternative way to deliver health-promoting antioxidants and dietary fibre to consumers. The product has acceptable sensory quality and has a potential confectionery market.
The Role of Microglia in the (Mal)adaptive Response to Traumatic Experience in an Animal Model of PTSD

The present study investigates whether predator scent-stress (PSS) shifts the microglia from a quiescent to a chronically activated state and whether morphological alterations in microglial activation differ between individuals displaying resilient vs. vulnerable phenotypes. In addition, we examined the role that GC receptors play during PSS exposure in the impairment of microglial activation and thus in behavioral response. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to PSS or sham-PSS for 15 min. Behaviors were assessed with the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and acoustic startle response (ASR) paradigms 7 days later. Localized brain expression of Iba-1 was assessed, visualized, and classified based on their morphology and stereological counted. Hydrocortisone and RU486 were administered systemically 10 min post PSS exposure and behavioral responses were measured on day 7 and hippocampal expression of Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) was subsequently evaluated. Animals whose behavior was extremely disrupted (PTSD-phenotype) selectively displayed excessive expression of Iba-1 with concomitant downregulation in the expression of CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) in hippocampal structures as compared with rats whose behavior was minimally or partially disrupted. Changes in microglial morphology have also been related only to the PTSD-phenotype group. These data indicate that PSS-induced microglia activation in the hippocampus serves as a critical mechanistic link between the HPA-axis and PSS-induced impairment in behavioral responses.
Irisin is an Effector Molecule in Exercise Rehabilitation Following Myocardial Infarction (Review)

Background: Regular exercise is an effective non-pharmacological therapy for treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The therapeutic benefits of exercise are mediated partly through improved vascular and increase in metabolic health. Release of exercise-responsive myokines, including irisin, is associated with beneficial effects of exercise in CVD patients. Observations: The present review provides an overview of the role of exercise in cardiac rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Further, the role of irisin as a motion-responsive molecule in improving vascular and metabolic health is explored. Possible mechanism of cardioprotective effect of irisin-mediated exercise on myocardial infarction are also summarized in this review. Conclusion and significance of the review: Irisin is associated with reduced inflammation, antioxidant properties, and anti-apoptotic effect, implying that it is a potential key mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise on vascular and metabolic health. The findings show that irisin is a promising therapeutic target for treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly post-MI. Further research should be conducted to elucidate the potential mechanisms of cardioprotective effects of irisin and explored whether irisin induced by exercise exerts rehabilitation effects post-MI.
The Effect of Various Polishing Systems on the Surface Roughness of Two Resin Composites—An In Vitro Study

The long-term success of a composite restoration largely depends on its smoothness, which can be achieved by the appropriate polishing tools and material selection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of two composite materials after the application of selected polishing systems. Filtek Ultimate (FU) and Filtek Z250 (FZ) were tested. Forty specimens of each material were prepared. After polymerization under a Mylar strip, the surface roughness of five samples from each group was measured. Subsequently, all specimens were ground by 600 grit sandpaper. The surface roughness of five samples per group was tested again. The samples from each group were randomly assigned to eight subgroups, and polished by Sof-Lex, Sof-Lex Diamond Polishing System, Super Snap, One Gloss, Astrobrush, Stainbuster, Enamel Shiny, and Jiffy Polishing System. The collected data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk and Kruskal–Wallis tests. The lowest Ra coefficient after polishing is found in the Super Snap groups (FU—0.077 μm, FZ—0.085 μm). The lowest Rlr coefficient is measured in the Enamel Shiny group for FU (1.000), and for Sof-Lex, Sof-Lex Diamond Polishing System, and Jiffy Polishing Kit for FZ (1.001), and only slightly higher for Super Snap (FU—1.001, FZ—1.002). The roughest-measured surface is in the One Gloss group for FU (Ra—0.657 µm, Rlr—1.009), and Astrobrush group for FZ (Ra—0.525 μm, Rlr—0.011). Additionally, it was not confirmed that the nanoparticle material (FU) demonstrates better results than the microhybrid one (FZ). Different polishing systems produce varying surface roughness. The most effective polishing system is Super Snap. The structure of composites does not significantly affect their surface roughness after polishing.
Women’s Image as Presented in Vitamin Drink’s Commercials: Semiotics Analysis on YOU C-1000 and Hemaviton C1000

Several studies have identified women's image in beverage advertisements, but there has been not much research into the women’s image presented in vitamin drink commercials along with their slogans. This study focuses on an analysis of verbal and non-verbal signs of 2 vitamin drink commercials, namely YOU C1000 and Hemaviton C1000, from YouTube. Qualitative content analysis based on Peirce’s (1940) semiotics theory was used to analyse the verbal and non-verbal signs presented in the commercials, while the image of women proposed by Hung & Li (2006) was used to identify women’s image in the commercials. The findings suggest that in general, the commercials have tried to break the common traditional stereotypes of women’s image, even though some parts were still a bit stereotypical. The most common women’s image shown in the video is ‘a strong woman’. Moreover, the slogans of YOU C1000 and Hemaviton C1000 are trying to show that women can also do outdoor activities. The finding indicates that there is an attempt to change the way of presenting women in today’s advertisements.