Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postpartum Kanama Miktarını Tahminde Gerçeğe Ne Kadar Yaklaşıyoruz?

Amac : Ebelik 4. Sinif ogrencilerinin gorsel kilavuz uzerinden postpartum kanama miktarini degerlendirmelerini belirlemektir. Gerec ve Yontem: Tanimlayici tipteki arastirma Haziran 2016 tarihinde, bir universitenin Ebelik Bolumu 4.sinif ogrencileri ile yapildi. Veri toplamada “Obstetrik Kanamalarda Kan Kaybini Gorsel Olarak Tahmin Etme Rehberi” kullanildi. 9 adet gercek kanama goruntusu iceren rehber, fotograf baski kalitesinde ve uzerinde miktarlar belirtilmeksizin ogrencilere verilerek fotograftaki kanama miktarini tahmin etmeleri istendi. Verilerin analizinde yuzde, ortalama, standart sapma ve medyan kullanildi. Veriler normal dagilima uymadigi icin non-parametrik testlerden tek orneklemde Wilcoxon signed Rank testi kullanildi. Bulgular: Katilimcilarin yas ortalamalari 22.64±1.44’tu ( min:21 max:29). Ogrencilerin 30 ml kan iceren hijyenik kadin pedlerindeki, 100 ml kan iceren hijyenik kadin pedlerindeki ve 500 ml kan iceren bobrek kuvetteki kan miktarini tahminlerinde dogru miktara yaklastiklari, tahminlerinin istatistiksel olarak gercek miktardan anlamli bir farklilik olusturmadigi belirlendi (p>0.05). 500 ml kan iceren bobrek kuvetteki kan miktarini tahminlerinde dogru miktara yaklastiklari, tahminlerinin istatistiksel olarak gercek miktardan anlamli bir farklilik olusturmadigi belirlendi (p>0.05). Katilimcilarin, 60ml kan iceren 10x10 kucuk gaz bezinde (p:0.014), 250 ml kan iceren hasta yatak bezinde (p:0.00), 350 ml kan iceren 45x45 buyuk gaz bezinde (p:0.00), 1000 ml kan iceren yatak ve hasta uzerinde (p:0.025), 1500 ml kan iceren zemine dokulmus alanda (p:0.00), 2000 ml kan iceren yatak, hasta ve yere dokulmus kanda (p:0.00) kan miktarini tahminlerinde dogru miktara yaklasmadiklari, tahminlerinin istatistiksel olarak gercek miktardan anlamli sekilde farklilik olusturdugu belirlendi. Sonuc: Bu calismada ebelik ogrencilerinin gorsel kilavuzda yer alan her iki hijyenik kadin pedindeki kanama miktari tahminlerinde gercek miktara yaklastiklari belirlendi. Kanama miktari arttikca tahminlerdeki gercek miktardan uzaklasmanin arttigi saptandi.
Effects of Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Fixation in Common Bean Production

The nitrogen fixing ability of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in association with rhizobia is often characterized as poor compared to other legumes, and nitrogen fertilizers are commonly used in bean production to achieve high yields, which in general inhibits nitrogen fixation. In addition, plants cannot take up all the nitrogen applied to the soil as a fertilizer leading to runoff and groundwater contamination. The overall objective of this work is to reduce use of nitrogen fertilizer in common bean production. This would be a major advance in profitability for the common bean industry in Canada and would significantly improve the ecological footprint of the crop. In the current work, 22 bean genotypes [including recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the Mist × Sanilac population and a non-nodulating mutant (R99)] were screened for their capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen under four nitrogen regimes. The genotypes were evaluated in replicated field trials on N-poor soils over three years for the percent nitrogen derived from atmosphere (%Ndfa), yield, and a number of yield-related traits. Bean genotypes differed for all analyzed traits, and the level of nitrogen significantly affected most of the traits, including %Ndfa and yield in all three years. In contrast, application of rhizobia significantly affected only few traits, and the effect was inconsistent among the years. Nitrogen application reduced symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) to various degrees in different bean genotypes. This variation suggests that SNF in common bean can be improved through breeding and selection for the ability of bean genotypes to fix nitrogen in the presence of reduced fertilizer levels. Moreover, genotypes like RIL_38, RIL_119, and RIL_131, being both high yielding and good nitrogen fixers, have potential for simultaneous improvement of both traits. However, breeding advancement might be slow due to an inconsistent correlation between these traits.
Representation of Contralateral Visual Space in the Human Hippocampus

The initial encoding of visual information primarily from the contralateral visual field is a fundamental organizing principle of the primate visual system. Recently, the presence of such retinotopic sensitivity has been shown to extend well beyond early visual cortex to regions not historically considered retinotopically sensitive. In particular, human scene-selective regions in parahippocampal and medial parietal cortex exhibit prominent biases for the contralateral visual field. The initial encoding of visual information primarily from the contralateral visual field is a fundamental organizing principle of the primate visual system. Recently, the presence of such retinotopic sensitivity has been shown to extend well beyond early visual cortex to regions not historically considered retinotopically sensitive. In particular, human scene-selective regions in parahippocampal and medial parietal cortex exhibit prominent biases for the contralateral visual field. Here, we used fMRI to test the hypothesis that the human hippocampus, which is thought to be anatomically connected with these scene-selective regions, would also exhibit a biased representation of contralateral visual space. First, population receptive field (pRF) mapping with scene stimuli revealed strong biases for the contralateral visual field in bilateral hippocampus. Second, the distribution of retinotopic sensitivity suggested a more prominent representation in anterior medial portions of the hippocampus. Finally, the contralateral bias was confirmed in independent data taken from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) initiative. The presence of contralateral biases in the hippocampus, a structure considered by many as the apex of the visual hierarchy, highlights the truly pervasive influence of retinotopy. Moreover, this finding has important implications for understanding how visual information relates to the allocentric global spatial representations known to be encoded therein. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Retinotopic encoding of visual information is an organizing principle of visual cortex. Recent work demonstrates this sensitivity in structures far beyond early visual cortex, including those anatomically connected to the hippocampus. Here, using population receptive field (pRF) modeling in two independent sets of data we demonstrate a consistent bias for the contralateral visual field in bilateral hippocampus. Such a bias highlights the truly pervasive influence of retinotopy, with important implications for understanding how the presence of retinotopy relates to more allocentric spatial representations.
Use of a resistant pepper as a rotational crop to manage southern root-knot nematode

A 3-year field study was conducted at Blackville, S.C. , to evaluate the potential of using resistant pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars as a rotation crop for managing the southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood]. The experiment was a split-plot with main plots arranged in a randomized complete-block design. In 1993, the entire experimental site was infested with M. incognita by inoculating a planting of susceptible PA-136 cayenne pepper with eggs of M. incognita race 3. In 1994, the main plots were planted to either highly resistant 'Carolina Cayenne' or its susceptible sibling line PA-136. In 1995, 'Carolina Cayenne' and the susceptible bell cultivars California Wonder and Keystone Resistant Giant were grown as subplots in each of the original main plots. 'Carolina Cayenne' plants were unaffected by the previous crop. Previous cropping history, however, had a significant impact on the performance of the bell cultivars; the mean galling response was less (P < 0.01) and the yield was 2.8 times greater (P < 0.01) in the main plots previously cropped with 'Carolina Cayenne' than in those previously cropped with PA-136. These results suggest that resistant pepper cultivars have considerable merit as a rotation crop for managing M. incognita infestations in soils used for growing high-value vegetables.
Predicted population trends for Cozumel Curassows (Crax rubra griscomí)' empirical evidence and predictive models in the face of climate change

We assessed the current conservation status and population trends of Cozumel Curassows (Crax rubra griscomi), a critically endangered and endemic cracid of Cozumel Island, Mexico. Distance sampling was used to estimate the population size in 2005 and compare it with a previous estimate in 1995. Population viability analysis (PVA) was used to model population trends, considering ecological and environmental conditions prevailing in 1995 and 2005. Additional PVA models were constructed using different hypothetical scenarios to assess the effects of particular factors and management strategies on population trends. We estimated a population size of 372 ± 155 curassows in the island's tropical semideciduous forest, before two hurricanes hit Cozumel Island in 2005. PVA modeling predicted a steep decline in population size in the ensuing decades as a result of an increased frequency and intensity of hurricanes related to global climate change, and an observed female bias in the sex ratio likely caused by a higher mortality rate for adult males. We recommend urgent management actions for the long-term conservation of Cozumel Curassows, including a ban on hunting, eradication of the feral fauna, particularly dogs, and implementation of a captive-breeding program to supplement the wild population. RESUMEN. Tendencias poblacionales estimadas para el hocofais´
No Free Lunch? Welfare Analysis of Firms Selling Through Expert Intermediaries

We study how firms target and influence expert intermediaries, and the welfare impact of banning those relationships. In the case study we investigate, manufacturers of statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs, provide meals and other payments to physicians. Leveraging variation in exposure to spillovers from academic medical centers’ conflict-of-interest policies for identification, we estimate significant heterogeneity in the effects of payments on prescribing, with firms targeting highly responsive physicians. Payments offset the negative effects of oligopoly pricing and other frictions on utilization, but at great expense to consumers and insurers because payments promote high-price branded drugs. To understand the net effects of payments in the presence of various factors that may drive a wedge between physicians’ decisions and patients’ best interests, we introduce a decision error into our framework and explore the assumptions under which payments benefit consumers. We calibrate this decision error using clinical trial results on statin effectiveness for a similar population. This exercise suggests that, in the case of statins, firm payments to physicians benefit consumers due to significant underprescribing at baseline.
Anaerobic community structure from a nonequilibrium thermodynamic perspective

Thermodynamic analysis of the degradation of selected compounds showed that aerobic and denitrifying processes are heat driven (large enthalpy change). Owing to the smaller enthalpy changes, other anaerobic processes depend more on the entropy flow of chemical substances exchanged with the environment. This results in partial degradation of the substrate and the excretion of end products which have a high free-energy content. This creates niches for organisms to use these end products as energy sources. Mechanistically, the efflux of end products can be used to conserve energy by coupling the efflux with the translocation of protons or other ions. Analysis of published data strongly suggests that the movement of succinate, acetate, and possibly longer chain fatty acids is carrier mediated. Hypothetical calculations showed that these compounds can accumulate to high internal concentrations relative to extracellular concentrations, which suggests that the efflux of these compounds can generate a proton-moti.
Decolonising global health: if not now, when?

### Summary box The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has grinded the world economy to a halt and upended health systems across the globe, contributing to disruptions in routine health services and skyrocketing rates of death.1 Against this backdrop, the pandemic highlights with renewed clarity the way structural violence operates both within and between countries. Defined as the discriminatory social arrangement that, when encoded into laws, policies and norms, unduly privileges some social groups while harming others, this concept broadens our thinking about drivers of disease.2 While the manifestation of inequity in each country or region is bound up in the local-to-global interface of historical, economical, social and political forces, COVID-19 disproportionately affects the world’s marginalised, from Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) communities in North America to migrant workers in Singapore. …
Higher Socioeconomic Status Predicts Less Risk of Depression in Adolescence: Serial Mediating Roles of Social Support and Optimism

Family socioeconomic status (SES) is known to have a powerful influence on adolescent depression. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Here, we explore this issue by testing the potential mediating roles of social support (interpersonal resource) and optimism (intrapersonal resource), based on the predictions of the reserve capacity model (RCM). Participants were 652 adolescents [age range: 11–20 years old, Mage = 14.55 years, SD = 1.82; 338 boys (51.80%)] from two junior and two senior high schools in Wuhan, China. They completed questionnaires measuring family SES, perceived social support, optimism, and depression. Results showed, as predicted, (1) SES negatively predicted adolescent depression; (2) social support and optimism serially mediated the relations between SES and depression, consistent with the predictions by the RCM. Specifically, higher SES predicted greater social support and increased optimism, which in turn contributed to reduced depression. The implications of these data to the prevention and interventions of adolescent depression were discussed.
Work Ability, Burnout Complaints, and Work Engagement Among Employees With Chronic Diseases: Job Resources as Targets for Intervention?

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the occupational well-being among employees with chronic diseases, and the buffering effect of four job resources, possibly offering targets to enhance occupational well-being. Method This cross-sectional study (N = 1951) was carried out among employees in educational and (semi-)governmental organizations in the Netherlands. The dimensions of the survey were chronic diseases (i.e., physical, mental, or both physical and mental), occupational well-being (i.e., work ability, burnout complaints, and work engagement), and job resources (i.e., autonomy, social support by colleagues, supportive leadership style, and open and communicative culture). First, it was analyzed if chronic diseases were associated with occupational well-being. Second, it was analyzed if each of the four job resources would predict better occupational well-being. Third, possible moderation effects between the chronic disease groups and each job resource on occupational well-being were examined. Regression analyses were used, controlling for age. Results Each chronic disease group was associated with a lower work ability. However, higher burnout complaints and a lower work engagement were only predicted by the group with mental chronic diseases and by the group with both physical and mental chronic disease(s). Furthermore, all four job resources predicted lower burnout complaints and higher work engagement, while higher work ability was only predicted by autonomy and a supportive leadership style. Some moderation effects were observed. Autonomy buffered the negative relationship between the chronic disease groups with mental conditions (with or without physical conditions) and work ability, and the positive relationship between the group with both physical and mental chronic disease(s) and burnout complaints. Furthermore, a supportive leadership style is of less benefit for occupational well-being among the employees with mental chronic diseases (with or without physical chronic diseases) compared to the group employees without chronic diseases. No buffering was demonstrated for social support of colleagues and an open and communicative organizational culture. Conclusion Autonomy offers opportunities to reinforce occupational well-being among employees with mental chronic diseases. A supportive leadership style needs more investigation to clarify why this job resource is less beneficial for employees with mental chronic diseases than for the employees without chronic diseases.
The final step of 40S ribosomal subunit maturation is controlled by a dual key lock

Preventing premature interaction of preribosomes with the translation apparatus is essential to translation accuracy. Hence, the final maturation step releasing functional 40S ribosomal subunits, namely processing of the 18S ribosomal RNA 3’ end, is safeguarded by protein DIM2, which both interacts with the endoribonuclease NOB1 and masks the rRNA cleavage site. To elucidate the control mechanism that unlocks NOB1 activity, we performed cryo-EM analysis of late human pre-40S particles purified using a catalytically-inactive form of ATPase RIO1. These structures, together with in vivo and in vitro functional analyses, support a model in which ATP-loaded RIO1 cooperates with ribosomal protein RPS26/eS26 to displace DIM2 from the 18S rRNA 3’ end, thereby triggering final cleavage by NOB1; release of ADP then leads to RIO1 dissociation from the 40S subunit. This dual key lock mechanism requiring RIO1 and RPS26 guarantees the precise timing of pre-40S particle conversion into translation-competent ribosomal subunits.
Response of Timber Rattlesnakes to Commercial Logging Operations

ABSTRACT Forest management practices in the eastern United States directly impact large parcels of land that serve as habitat for timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus). We assessed the behavioral response of timber rattlesnakes to commercial logging activities and the impact of such activities on a timber rattlesnake population in northcentral Pennsylvania. We radiotelemetrically monitored 67 individual snakes over periods of up to 4 years, marked and recaptured 306 snakes, and conducted search and survey efforts before, during, and after commercial logging operations on 3 timber sale parcels (totaling 154.2 ha). Location and timing of timber sales created the maximum opportunity for interaction of snakes with logging operations and with altered habitat. Observed logging-related mortality of snakes was low (<2% of the population/yr), but potential mortality could have reached 7%. Logging activity and resulting habitat changes did not alter behavior or movement patterns of telemetrically monitored snakes. Snakes with established activity ranges in timber sale areas continued to use these areas both during and after logging operations. Similarly, snakes with activity patterns that did not include timber sale areas did not alter their movement patterns to include such sites in the short-term. Timbering increased structural diversity of the habitat and, concurrently, diversity of habitat used by timber rattlesnakes increased. Our results suggest that the opportunity exists to develop forest management practices that provide timber products while limiting impacts on behavior and habitat use of timber rattlesnakes. To further reduce impacts to timber rattlesnake populations we recommend that management agencies require commercial logging contractors, sub-contractors, and field employees to adhere strictly to a policy that prohibits the intentional killing of rattlesnakes encountered during logging activities.
Association of carcass weight with quality and functional properties of beef from Hanwoo steers

The association of carcass weight with quality and functional properties of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) beef was investigated. The carcasses of 250 Hanwoo steers were categorised into light ( 425 kg; n = 100) groups and were evaluated for back fat thickness, rib eye area, and beef marbling score 24 h postmortem using the Korean carcass grading system. Rib eye area, back fat thickness, and marbling score significantly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing carcass weight. However, marbling score and intramuscular fat content showed only a little increase (P < 0.05) beyond a limit of 375 kg. Inosine-5 0 -monophosphate concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in medium and heavy carcasses. Carnosine concentration was significantly higher in medium carcasses. Total saturated fatty acid content and n-6:n-3 ratio decreased as carcass weight increased (P < 0.05). Medium and heavy carcasses had significantly higher (P < 0.05) scores for sensory quality parameters. Overall, medium carcasses of Hanwoo displayed optimal sensory and health benefits while minimising the economic disadvantages of growing cattle to heavier weights.
Patterns of sulfate reduction and the sulfur cycle in a South Carolina salt marsh1,2

Rates of sulfate reduction and the magnitude of various sediment parameters related to the sulfur cycle were measured at about quarterly intervals for a 3-yr period at sites in a South Carolina salt marsh containing tall- or short-form Spartina alternij70ra. Sulfate reduction rates were greater at all times in the short-form sites and decreased markedly with depth. Seasonal changes were highly correlated with ambient temperature except in May and August when interactions with plants may have affected rates directly. In the short-form site, the annual integrated sulfate reduction rate accounted for about 47. 5–6 7 . OO/o of the estimated belowground plant production. Dissolved sulfides and pH varied seasonally in the short- but not tall-form sites; seasonal minima in the short-form site occurred during May and were probably due to oxidation of the sediment with the onset of plant production. Mechanisms resulting in oxidation were not evident however. Chromium-reducible sulfur, which is primarily pyrite, was substantially greater in the tall- than short-form site but apparently stable temporally at both sites. The differences in pool sizes of pyrite were probably due to differences in iron dynamics and the extent of sulfide oxidation. Microprofiles of dissolved oxygen were consistent with greater oxidation at the short-form site since the penetration of oxygen was deeper. Differences in sediment texture and tidal inundation may have contributed to greater oxygen inputs at the short-form site.
High-Throughput Sequencing-Based Analysis of T Cell Repertoire in Lupus Nephritis

T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated immune functions are closely related to autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, technical challenges used to limit the accurate profiling of TCR diversity in SLE and the characteristics of SLE patients remain largely unknown. In this study, we collected peripheral blood samples from 10 SLE patients with lupus nephritis (LN) who were confirmed by renal biopsy, as well as 10 healthy controls. The TCR repertoire of each sample was assessed by high-throughput sequencing to examine the distinction between SLE subjects and healthy controls. Our results showed statistically significant differences in TCR diversity and usage of TRBV/TRBJ genes between the two groups. A set of signature V–J combinations enabled efficient identification of SLE cases, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.74–1.00). Taken together, our results revealed the potential correlation between the TCR repertoire and SLE status, which may facilitate the development of novel immune biomarkers.