Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flipperentiated Learning in Biology Class to Improve Cognitive Learning Outcomes, Problem-Solving Skill, and Motivation

The background of this research began with an apprehension of the need for students’ learning in accordance with their learning abilities relating to the application of a flipped classroom model in the Biology class of XYZ Senior High School. Preliminary research showed the different needs of individual students; thus, differentiated learning was required especially in the face-to-face meeting in class. Differentiated learning aims to facilitate the different needs of the students based on the level of readiness, learning style preference, and interest. This research aimed at improving the students’ learning and its impact on students’ cognitive learning outcomes, problem-solving skills development, and learning motivation through the differentiated flipped classroom. The method used in this research was Classroom Action Research. The data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and evaluation of assessment results based on rubrics and marking schemes. All three variables are measured using rubrics separated from each other. These data are analyzed qualitatively and given a score in quantitative values. In three cycles of action research, the students’ learning outcomes cognitively showed a significant increase from the first cycle to the second cycle. From the second cycle to the third cycle, there was a decrease but the decline was not significant. The problem-solving skills increase from the first cycle to the second cycle. In the third cycle, there was an increase until it reached the specified success indicator. In each cycle, the motivation did not increase significantly and tended to be stable but the Attention-Relevance-Confident-Satisfaction (ARCS) motivation model had reached the indicators of the success of the study. The conclusions of this research indicated improvements in the students’ problem-solving skills, a high average in motivation indicators, and a significant improvement in cognitive learning outcomes.
Contact vs. Information: What shapes attitudes towards immigration? Evidence from an experiment in schools

We analyze whether (correct) information provision on immigration is more effective than contact in shaping attitudes towards immigration. We collect data from a randomized experiment in 18 middleand high-school classes in the city of Rome. Half of the classes meet a refugee from Mauritania, whereas the rest of them attend a lecture on figures and numbers on immigration in Italy and the world. On average, students develop better attitudes towards immigration (especially in the case of policy preferences and the perceived number of immigrants in their country) after the information treatment more than they do after the contact treatment, whereas neither treatment affects feelings associated to immigrants. Also, students having received the information treatment strongly adjust their knowledge on immigration. However, students’ individual characteristics and school type (i.e. middle vs. high school) affect treatments’ effectiveness.
Single-cell melanoma transcriptomes depicting functional versatility and clinical implications of STIM1 in the tumor microenvironment

Rationale: Previous studies have implicated the functions of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) in immunity and malignancy, however, the specificity and effects of STIM1 expression in malignant and non-malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment are unclear. Methods: In the current study, we posed two central questions: (1) does STIM1 expression elicit different cellular programs in cell types within the melanoma tumor microenvironment (2) whether the expression of STIM1 and STIM1-coexpressed genes (SCGs) serve as prognostic indicators of patient's outcomes? To answer these questions, we dissected cell-specific STIM1-associated cellular programs in diverse cell types within the melanoma tumor microenvironment by measuring cell-type specificity of STIM1 expression and SCGs. Results: A distinct set of SCGs was highly affected in malignant melanoma cells, but not in the other cell types, suggesting the existence of malignant-cell-specific cellular programs reflected by STIM1 expression. In contrast to malignant cells, STIM1 expression appeared to trigger universal and non-specific biological functions in non-malignant cell types, as exemplified by the transcriptomes of macrophages and CD4+ T regulatory cells. Results from bioinformatic analyses indicated that SCGs in malignant cells may alter cell-cell interactions through cytokine/chemokine signaling and/or orchestrate immune infiltration into the tumor. Moreover, a prognostic association between SCGs in CD4+ T regulatory cells and patient's outcomes was identified. However, we didn't find any correlation between SCGs and responsiveness of immunotherapy. Conclusions: Overall, our results provide an integrated biological framework for understanding the functional and clinical consequences of cell-specific STIM1 expression in melanoma.
Germination of cascara seed

• cover for wildlife. The limited information on ger­ mination and seedling production of cascara includes reports on embryo dormancy, a pregermination treat­ ment of about 90 days of cold, moist stratification to break dormancy, fall or spring (after stratification) sow­ ing in the nursery at I-inch (2.54­ cm) depth and shading of seedbed areas, and a maximum germination by stratified seed of only 40 percent (4, 6). Clearly, much more informa­ tion is needed if maximum seedling production is to be achieved in the nursery and in the field. This study was designed to deter­ mine effects of different periods of cold, moist stratification, various concentrations of potassium gibber­ ellate (K-GAa) and thiourea solu­ tions, and light on germination of dormant cascara seeds. Limited pot experiments were also conducted to evaluate seedling production after seed were sown in soil at two differ­ ent depths. About This File: This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Misscans identified by the software have been corrected; however, some mistakes may remain.
Manganese-deposited iron oxide promotes tumor-responsive ferroptosis that synergizes the apoptosis of cisplatin

Background: Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent programmed cell death that differs from apoptosis with regards to both mechanism and cell morphology. Therefore, ferroptotic-based cancer therapy has shown significant potential to overcome the weaknesses of conventional therapeutics mediated by apoptosis pathways. Effective ferroptosis can be induced by the intracellular Fenton reaction that is dependent on the adequate supply of iron ions and H2O2 in cells. However, these are often insufficient due to intrinsic cellular regulation. Methods: In this study, we designed a cisplatin prodrug-loaded manganese-deposited iron oxide nanoplatform (Pt-FMO) to trigger intracellular cascade reactions that lead to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to enhance ferroptotic effect. The Pt-FMO causes the tumor microenvironment responsive to release manganese, iron ions and Pt-drugs. As manganese is an element that is able to catalyze the Fenton reaction more effectively than iron, coupled with the Pt-drugs that can promote generation of H2O2 in cells, the Pt-FMO is expected to significantly strengthen catalysis of the Fenton reaction, which favors the ferroptotic effect. Moreover, the Pt-drugs will eventually function as cisplatin. Thus, Pt-FMO is an ideal candidate for tumor ferroptotic combined with apoptotic treatment. Results: In vivo results demonstrated that, at a dosage of only 8.89% Pt content, Pt-FMO is able to achieve a similar treatment effect as cisplatin. Hence, Pt-FMO exhibited significantly lower systemic toxicity compared to cisplatin. Additionally, Pt-FMO exhibits effective T2-weighted MRI enhancement for tumor imaging. Conclusion: The Pt-FMO nanoplatform is designed to introduce mutual beneficial cascade reactions for promoting ferroptosis and apoptosis in combination with tumor MRI. The Pt-FMO system, which causes ferroptosis combined with apoptosis, can efficiently induce tumor cell death.
International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies (IJMBS)

Background: Methods: The present study is a single arm interventional study done at a tertiary care hospital in a metropolitan city. The study participants were the females who had infertility due to PCOS and resistant to clomiphene citrate, and participants were given HMG in a sequential manner with Clomiphene citrate and ovulation was observed using the TVS. Results: 79% of the study participants ovulated at the end of the study as a final outcome and only 25 participants who constitute 21% of the total had not ovulated. No cases of ovarian hyperstimulation and multiple gestation was reported. Conclusion: The study thus concludes that CC with low dose HMG is an efficient and safe method for induction of ovulation in females with CC resistant PCOS related infertility without the dangers of OHSS and other adverse events, also the presence of normal BMI can help in a better rate of ovulation
Neogene and early Pleistocene flora from Alaska and Arctic/Subarctic Canada: New data, intercontinental comparisons and correlations

A new correlation scheme primarily concerning macroand meso-floral remains of bryophytes and vascular plants from 26 Neogene sites and over 50 florules in Alaska and northern Canada is presented. Flora are valuable for correlating Arctic Neogene sites, especially where absolute dating methods are not possible. These taxa clearly differentiate Neogene from Quaternary deposits in the North American Arctic. Recent age estimates provided using terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) dating provide tiepoints for these correlations and tend to confirm earlier dates achieved by relative and correlative methods. Our knowledge of North American Arctic/Subarctic palaeofloras and faunas is sufficiently detailed to allow inter-regional comparisons. This paper contains the first attempt to compare and contrast Neogene and early Pleistocene macroand meso-floras from the entire circum-Arctic region. The subfossil and fossil floras are valuable for understanding the evolution of the boreal realm, from the qualitatively different composition of the communities of the Neogene Arctic, to those of the more southerly modern boreal region. These differences may be due to the warm climate of the Neogene Arctic combined with the long dark of polar winter – a phenomenon with no modern analogue. The differences highlight the need for a comprehensive understanding of species’ ecology to predict species ranges under near-future climate conditions analogous to our Neogene past. Many sites described here present rich opportunities for future cross-disciplinary study, including research related to the role of warm-climate intervals in patterning past and present Arctic ecosystems. T.L. Fletcher. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110164, China and College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States of America. drtlfletcher@gmail.com A. Telka. PALEOTEC Services – Quaternary and late Tertiary plant macrofossil and insect fossil analyses, 1-574 Somerset St. West, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 5K2, Canada. N. Rybczynski. Department of Palaeobiology, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, FLETCHER ET AL.: ARCTIC MACROFLORA 2 Canada. nrybczynski@nature.ca and Department of Biology and Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada. nrybczynski@gmail.com J.V. Matthews, Jr. 1 Cricket Lane, Hubley, Nova Scotia B3Z 1A5, Canada.
The prevalence of peri-implant diseases around subcrestally placed implants: A cross sectional study.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis for subcrestally placed implants (1-3 mm) on the short-, medium- and long-term. MATERIAL & METHODS Two hundred patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study that were treated and screened during regular maintenance visits at one university center. A total of 657 implants were evaluated. Peri-implant health and diseases were assessed according to predefined case definitions. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the correlation with local and systemic factors. RESULTS After a median function time of 9.36 ±6.44 years (range: 1 - 26 years), the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis was 66.5% and 15.0%, at the patient level, corresponding to 62.6% and 7.5%, at the implant level, respectively. Peri-implantitis was significantly associated with patients' history of periodontitis (odds ratio, OR 5.33). CONCLUSION Peri-implant diseases were a common finding around subcrestally placed implants.
Evidence for disequilibrium chemistry from vertical mixing in hot Jupiter atmospheres

Aims. We present a large atmospheric study of 49 gas giant exoplanets using infrared transmission photometry with Spitzer/IRAC at 3.6 and 4.5 μm. Methods. We uniformly analyze 70 photometric light curves of 33 transiting planets using our custom pipeline, which implements pixel level decorrelation. Augmenting our sample with 16 previously published exoplanets leads to a total of 49. We use this survey to understand how infrared photometry traces changes in atmospheric chemical properties as a function of planetary temperature. We compare our measurements to a grid of 1D radiative-convective equilibrium forward atmospheric models which include disequilibrium chemistry. We explore various strengths of vertical mixing (Kzz = 0–1012 cm2 s−1) as well as two chemical compositions (1x and 30x solar). Results. We find that, on average, Spitzer probes a difference of 0.5 atmospheric scale heights between 3.6 and 4.5 μm, which is measured at 7. 5σ level of significance. Changes in the opacities in the two Spitzer bandpasses are expected with increasing temperature due to the transition from methane-dominated to carbon-monoxide-dominated atmospheres at chemical equilibrium. Comparing the data with our model grids, we find that the coolest planets show a lack of methane compared to expectations, which has also been reported by previous studies of individual objects. We show that the sample of coolest planets rule out 1x solar composition with >3σ confidence while supporting low vertical mixing (Kzz = 108 cm2 s−1). On the other hand, we find that the hot planets are best explained by models with 1x solar metallicity and high vertical mixing (Kzz = 1012 cm2 s−1). We interpret this as the lofting of CH4 to the upper atmospheric layers. Changing the interior temperature changes the expectation for equilibrium chemistry in deep layers, hence the expectation of disequilibrium chemistry higher up. We also find a significant scatter in the transmission signatures of the mid-temperate and ultra-hot planets, likely due to increased atmospheric diversity, without the need to invoke higher metallicities. Additionally, we compare Spitzer transmission with emission in the same bandpasses for the same planets and find no evidence for any correlation. Although more advanced modelling would test our conclusions further, our simple generic model grid points towards different amounts of vertical mixing occurring across the temperature range of hot Jupiters. This finding also agrees with the observed scatter with increasing planetary magnitude seen in Spitzer/IRAC color-magnitude diagrams for planets and brown dwarfs.
Orthogonal Statistical Inference for Multimodal Data Analysis

Multimodal imaging has transformed neuroscience research. While it presents unprecedented opportunities, it also imposes serious challenges. Particularly, it is difﬁcult to combine the merits of interpretability attributed to a simple association model and ﬂexibility achieved by a highly adaptive nonlinear model. In this article, we propose an orthogonal statistical inferential framework, built upon the Neyman orthogonality and a form of decomposition orthogonality, for multimodal data analysis. We target the setting that naturally arises in almost all multimodal studies, where there is a primary modality of interest, plus additional auxiliary modalities. We successfully establish the root-N -consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimated primary parameter, the semi-parametric estimation efﬁciency, and the asymptotic honesty of the conﬁdence interval of the predicted primary modality effect. Our proposal enjoys, to a good extent, both model interpretability and model ﬂexibility. It is also considerably different from the existing statistical methods for multimodal data integration, as well as the orthogonality-based methods for high-dimensional inferences. We demonstrate the efﬁcacy of our method through both simulations and an application to a multimodal neuroimaging study of Alzheimer’s disease.
The neutrino emission from thermal processes in very massive stars in the local universe

We present a new overview of the life of very massive stars (VMS) in terms of neutrino emission from thermal processes: pair annihilation, plasmon decay, photoneutrino process, bremsstrahlung and recombination processes in burning stages of selected VMS models. We use the realistic conditions of temperature, density, electron fraction and nuclear isotropic composition of the VMS. Results are presented for a set of progenitor stars with mass of 150, 200 and 300 M Z=0.002 and 500 M Z=0.006 rotating models which are expected to explode as a pair instability supernova at the end of their life except the 300 M would end up as a black hole. It is found that for VMS, thermal neutrino emission occurs as early as towards the end of hydrogen burning stage due to the high initial temperature and density of these VMS. We calculate the total neutrino emissivity, Qν and luminosity, Lν using the structure profile of each burning stages of the models and observed the contribution of photoneutrino at early burning stages (H and He) and pair annihilation at the advanced stages. Pair annihilation and photoneutrino processes are the most dominant neutrino energy loss mechanisms throughout the evolutionary track of the VMS. At the O-burning stage, the neutrino luminosity ∼ 1047−48 erg/s depending on their initial mass and metallicity are slightly higher than the neutrino luminosity from massive stars. This could shed light on the possibility of using detection of neutrinos to locate the candidates for pair instability supernova in our local universe.
EQUILIBRIUM STATES FOR CENTER ISOMETRIES

We develop a geometric method to establish the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium states associated to some Hölder potentials for center isometries (as are regular elements of Anosov actions), in particular, the entropy maximizing measure and the SRB measure. A characterization of equilibrium states in terms of their disintegrations along stable and unstable foliations is also given. Finally, we show that the resulting system is isomorphic to a Bernoulli scheme.
Impact Invariant Control with Applications to Bipedal Locomotion

When legged robots impact their environment, they undergo large changes in their velocities in a small amount of time. Measuring and applying feedback to these velocities is challenging, and is further complicated due to uncertainty in the impact model and impact timing. This work proposes a general framework for adapting feedback control during impact by projecting the control objectives to a subspace that is invariant to the impact event. The resultant controller is robust to uncertainties in the impact event while maintaining maximum control authority over the impact invariant subspace. We demonstrate the utility of the projection on a walking controller for a planar five-link-biped and on a jumping controller for a compliant 3D bipedal robot, Cassie. The effectiveness of our method is shown to translate well on hardware.
Agile Actions with a Centaur-Type Humanoid: A Decoupled Approach

The kinematic features of a centaur-type humanoid platform, combined with a powerful actuation, enable the experimentation of a variety of agile and dynamic motions. However, the higher number of degrees-of-freedom and the increased weight of the system, compared to the bipedal and quadrupedal counterparts, pose significant research challenges in terms of computational load and real implementation. To this end, this work presents a control architecture to perform agile actions, conceived for torque-controlled platforms, which decouples for computational purposes offline optimal control planning of lower-body primitives, based on a template kinematic model, and online control of the upper-body motion to maintain balance. Three stabilizing strategies are presented, whose performance is compared in two types of simulated jumps, while experimental validation is performed on a half-squat jump using the CENTAURO robot.
Reaching Agreement in Competitive Microbial Systems

In this work, we consider distributed agreement tasks in microbial distributed systems under stochastic population dynamics and competitive interactions. We examine how competitive exclusion can be used to solve distributed agreement tasks in the microbial setting. To this end, we develop a new technique for analyzing the time to reach competitive exclusion in systems with several competing species under biologically realistic population dynamics. We use this technique to analyze a protocol that exploits competitive interactions to solve approximate majority consensus efficiently in synthetic microbial systems. We show that direct competition dynamics reach majority consensus with high probability when the initial gap between the species is small, i.e., $\Omega(\sqrt{n \log n})$, where $n$ is the initial population size of the majority species. In contrast, we show that indirect competition alone is not efficient: for example, solving majority consensus with high probability requires an initial gap of $\Omega(n)$. To corroborate our analytical results, we use computer simulations to show that these consensus dynamics occur within practical time scales.
Ultrafast light-induced dynamics in solvated biomolecules: The indole chromophore with water

Jolijn Onvlee,1, 2, ∗ Sebastian Trippel,1, 2 and Jochen Küpper1, 2, 3, 4, † Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany (Dated: March 15, 2021)
Vision Transformer for COVID-19 CXR Diagnosis using Chest X-ray Feature Corpus

Under the global COVID-19 crisis, developing robust diagnosis algorithm for COVID-19 using CXR is hampered by the lack of the well-curated COVID-19 data set, although CXR data with other disease are abundant. This situation is suitable for vision transformer architecture that can exploit the abundant unlabeled data using pre-training. However, the direct use of existing vision transformer that uses the corpus generated by the ResNet is not optimal for correct feature embedding. To mitigate this problem, we propose a novel vision Transformer by using the low-level CXR feature corpus that are obtained to extract the abnormal CXR features. Specifically, the backbone network is trained using large public datasets to obtain the abnormal features in routine diagnosis such as consolidation, glass-grass opacity (GGO), etc. Then, the embedded features from the backbone network are used as corpus for vision transformer training. We examine our model on various external test datasets acquired from totally different institutions to assess the generalization ability. Our experiments demonstrate that our method achieved the state-of-art performance and has better generalization capability, which are crucial for a widespread deployment.