Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of donor human milk in nonhospitalized infants: An infant growth study

Abstract When mother's own milk (MOM) is unavailable or insufficient, donor human milk (DHM) is recommended as the next best alternative for low birthweight infants. DHM use for healthy, term infants is increasing, but evidence for growth and tolerability is limited. This retrospective study evaluated growth in term infants in the community who received DHM from a UK milk bank. Mothers of infants receiving DHM between 2017 and 2019 were contacted (n = 49), and 31 (63.2%) agreed to participate. Fourteen infants received DHM as a supplement to other feeds (MOM and/or infant formula) and 17 were exclusively fed DHM where breastfeeding was impossible (range: 3–6 weeks). Growth was assessed by deriving z‐scores using the WHO standard for infant growth and compared with 200 exclusively breastfed infants. Multivariate regression analysis revealed no feeding method‐specific association between z‐score and age, nor between weight and age, suggesting that z‐scores and growth velocity were not affected by feeding exclusive MOM, supplemental DHM or exclusive DHM. DHM was well‐tolerated with no adverse events that led to early cessation. After receiving supplemental DHM group, 63% of infants whose mothers had no physical barrier to breastfeeding (5/8 infants) were exclusively breastfed. This novel study reports adequate growth outcomes of healthy nonhospitalized infants receiving DHM, either as the sole milk source or supplement. Prospective studies are needed to confirm whether DHM is a suitable feeding alternative for term infants in the community, optimal durations, as well as the impact of DHM availability on breastfeeding rates and maternal mental health.
Comparing scraping cytology with touch imprint cytology and frozen section analysis in the intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer

Breast cancer is a common cancer in the female population. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast cancer patients can be evaluated by different methods including intraoperative frozen section analysis (FSA), touch imprint cytology (TIC), and scraping cytology (SC). In this study, in addition to investigating TIC and FSA, we focused on SC to evaluate the diagnostic value of this almost new method.
Design of 3D Additively Manufactured Hybrid Structures for Cranioplasty

A wide range of materials has been considered to repair cranial defects. In the field of cranioplasty, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based bone cements and modifications through the inclusion of copper doped tricalcium phosphate (Cu-TCP) particles have been already investigated. On the other hand, aliphatic polyesters such as poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLA) have been frequently investigated to make scaffolds for cranial bone regeneration. Accordingly, the aim of the current research was to design and fabricate customized hybrid devices for the repair of large cranial defects integrating the reverse engineering approach with additive manufacturing, The hybrid device consisted of a 3D additive manufactured polyester porous structures infiltrated with PMMA/Cu-TCP (97.5/2.5 w/w) bone cement. Temperature profiles were first evaluated for 3D hybrid devices (PCL/PMMA, PLA/PMMA, PCL/PMMA/Cu-TCP and PLA/PMMA/Cu-TCP). Peak temperatures recorded for hybrid PCL/PMMA and PCL/PMMA/Cu-TCP were significantly lower than those found for the PLA-based ones. Virtual and physical models of customized devices for large cranial defect were developed to assess the feasibility of the proposed technical solutions. A theoretical analysis was preliminarily performed on the entire head model trying to simulate severe impact conditions for people with the customized hybrid device (PCL/PMMA/Cu-TCP) (i.e., a rigid sphere impacting the implant region of the head). Results from finite element analysis (FEA) provided information on the different components of the model.
Safety and Outcomes of Prolonged Usual Care Prone Position Mechanical Ventilation to Treat Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure.

OBJECTIVES Prone position ventilation is a potentially life-saving ancillary intervention but is not widely adopted for coronavirus disease 2019 or acute respiratory distress syndrome from other causes. Implementation of lung-protective ventilation including prone positioning for coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome is limited by isolation precautions and personal protective equipment scarcity. We sought to determine the safety and associated clinical outcomes for coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with prolonged prone position ventilation without daily repositioning. DESIGN Retrospective single-center study. SETTING Community academic medical ICU. PATIENTS Sequential mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome. INTERVENTIONS Lung-protective ventilation and prolonged protocolized prone position ventilation without daily supine repositioning. Supine repositioning was performed only when FIO2 less than 60% with positive end-expiratory pressure less than 10 cm H2O for greater than or equal to 4 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Primary safety outcome: proportion with pressure wounds by Grades (0-4). Secondary outcomes: hospital survival, length of stay, rates of facial and limb edema, hospital-acquired infections, device displacement, and measures of lung mechanics and oxygenation. Eighty-seven coronavirus disease 2019 patients were mechanically ventilated. Sixty-one were treated with prone position ventilation, whereas 26 did not meet criteria. Forty-two survived (68.9%). Median (interquartile range) time from intubation to prone position ventilation was 0.28 d (0.11-0.80 d). Total prone position ventilation duration was 4.87 d (2.08-9.97 d). Prone position ventilation was applied for 30.3% (18.2-42.2%) of the first 28 days. PaO2:FIO2 diverged significantly by day 3 between survivors 147 (108-164) and nonsurvivors 107 (85-146), mean difference -9.632 (95% CI, -48.3 to 0.0; p = 0·05). Age, driving pressure, day 1, and day 3 PaO2:FIO2 were predictive of time to death. Thirty-eight (71.7%) developed ventral pressure wounds that were associated with prone position ventilation duration and day 3 Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. Limb weakness occurred in 58 (95.1%) with brachial plexus palsies in five (8.2%). Hospital-acquired infections other than central line-associated blood stream infections were infrequent. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged prone position ventilation was feasible and relatively safe with implications for wider adoption in treating critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients and acute respiratory distress syndrome of other etiologies.
A Process Model of Mathematics Achievement and Attitude.

A structural model of mathematics achievement and attitude was tested with a national probability sample of 3,116 young adolescents from the Longitudinal Study of American Youth using structural modeling. A three-wave longitudinal design incorporated data from students, teachers, and parents to construct a prespecified theoretical model of mathematics achievement and mathematics attitude. A revised model provided a better fit than the original specification and than regression models used in 23 previous studies. Supported in cross-validation, the model revealed a complexity of direct and indirect effects not apparent in previous studies. Prior achievement and home environment influenced subsequent achievement most powerfully; motivation, exposure to extramural reading media, peer environment, and instructional exposure also had significant influences on achievement. Previous attitude had the most powerful influence on subsequent attitude, although the direct effects of instructional quality and the indirect effects of motivation and home environment were also notable. Appropriate teacher use of instructional time, thorough textbook coverage, and daily introduction of new material, although educationally alterable, are themselves influenced by previous student achievement. Similarly, instructional practices are significant alterable influences on mathematics attitudes, but such practices are themselves influenced by students' initial attitudes. Considerable research has sought to identify students' in- and out-of-school experiences that influence achievement and related outcomes, especially those that are alterable by policy intervention. Comparative studies continue to show the poor performance of U.S. students in mathematics and science, particularly in junior and senior high school. Large-scale surveys of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (McKnight et al., 1987) and the International Assessment of Educational Progress (Lapointe, Mead, & Phillips, 1989; Dossey, Mullis, Lindquist, & Chambers, 1988; Olson, 1990) confirm poor U.S. standings and also suggest underlying causes. Walberg (1981, 1986) has attempted to specify the chief productive factors in school learning suggested by several research literatures. The nine-factor specification, derived from the Cobb and Douglas (1928) theory of national economic productivity, guided many quantitative syntheses of classroom research and secondary analyses of large national surveys. The present study builds on this work by testing the productivity model with structural equation modeling. It employs national, longitudinal data on middle-school students' growth in mathematics achievement and attitude as related to variations in their exposure to instruction and to educationally stimulating psychological environments within and outside school.
Effect of Potassium Chloride and Potassium-Based Emulsifying Salts as a Salt (Sodium chloride) Replacer on the Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Pasteurized Process Cheese

The consumption of sodium in excessive amount may lead to heart disease, which is the first leading cause of death in the United States. Process cheese is one of the high salt containing milk products. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium based emulsifying salts as a salt (NaCl) replacer on the chemical and microbiological characteristics of pasteurized process cheese. The Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 samples of process cheese were made using the potassium chloride (KCl) and a mixture of 50 % of potassium chloride and 50 % of sodium chloride (NaCl+KCl). The control sample of processed cheese was made using the sodium chloride (NaCl) only. The process cheese samples were analyzed for chemical and microbiological characteristics such as fat, moisture, pH, salt, meltability, protein, total plate counts, coliform counts, and yeast and mold counts. The results of fat content, moisture content, pH and meltability of process cheese samples were not statistically significant different, but the sample of process cheese made using the potassium chloride (KCl) had higher protein content than the control and Treatment 2. In the results of microbiological analysis, control had the lowest number of microbial counts followed by Treatment 2 (NaCl+KCl) and Treatment 1 (KCl). In conclusion, potassium chloride had high possibility to use as a salt replacer without changing the chemical properties, but it has limited ability to produce process cheese with same shelf life as sodium chloride.
Making it stick: Teaching gene targeting with ribbons and fasteners

Manipulating gene expression is a commonly used tool to study the effect of a single gene or the hierarchy of gene networks in many different biological disciplines. When working with mice, the most commonly used techniques to manipulate genes include gene targeting via homologous recombination to achieve loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations. Students often struggle with the concepts behind homologous recombination and the physical changes that happen at the target gene locus. Our activity uses different colored ribbons connected by hook-and-loop fasteners (e.g., those most popularly produced by the VELCRO® Brand) that students use to design targeting constructs as well as to model the recombination between their constructs and the gene locus. This hands-on exercise helps students better understand the mechanisms of homologous recombination happening at the gene locus, enabling them to progress to higher-level cognition such as predicting experimental outcomes and designing their own gene targeting experiments.
Low viscosity ionic liquids based on organic salts of the dicyanamide anion

New families of salts viz. quaternary ammonium, N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium or 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamides, Cat+N(CN)2−, are low melting compounds, most being liquid at rt, water-miscible and have low (for ionic liquids) viscosity at rt, e.g.η = 21 cP for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide.
Mobilization of dissolved organic matter, aluminium and iron in podzol eluvial horizons as affected by formation of metal‐organic complexes and interactions with solid soil material

Interactions with dissolved organic matter (DOM) are generally believed to play a crucial role in the translocation of Al and Fe in acid sandy soils. Binding of Al and Fe to DOM affects their mobility in soils by altering sorption equilibria of charged sites on solid soil material, inducing precipitation of organo‐metallic complexes and preventing the formation of inorganic Al and Fe phases. The relative importance of the different processes, especially with respect to the translocation of Al, Fe and organic matter in podzols, remains unresolved. We determined the effect of the presence of solid soil material from the eluvial (AhE and AE, respectively) horizons of a Fimic Anthrosol and a Haplic Podzol on the metal‐to‐organic carbon (M/C) ratio in solution and the formation of dissolved organic Al and Fe complexes. Furthermore, we assessed the resulting influence on the mobilization of Al, Fe and DOM. Even under considerable metal loading, the M/C ratios and ‘free’ metal fractions in solution remained low and relatively constant, due to an apparent buffering by the solid phase and the formation of organo‐metal complexes in solution. The M/C ratios remained so low that significant precipitation of organo‐metal complexes due to saturation with metals was not found. The apparent buffering by the solid phase can be explained by a strong release of organic matter from solid soil material and adsorption of non‐complexed Al and Fe on solid organic matter upon metal addition. Adsorption of organo‐metal complexes most likely played only a minor role. The observations confirm the expected mobilization of Al, Fe and DOM in eluvial horizons and seem to indicate that even under fluctuating input of Al, Fe and DOM the soil solution will have a constant composition with respect to M/C ratios and percentage of Al and Fe present in dissolved organo‐metal complexes.
Sensory and instrumental analysis of selected cultivars of apples from organic and conventional production.

The aim of the study was to compare the sensory quality and selected physicochemical attributes of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) from the organic and conventional production. Three-year studies were conducted on the following apple cultivars: Red Boskoop, Lobo and Janagold coming from three pairs of orchards. The sensory values of the organic apples were mostly similar and only in some cases higher compared to the conventional ones: juiciness in Lobo cultivar and hardness in Jonagold cultivar. Also in the consumer evaluation organic Lobo fruits had higher overall palatability compared to the conventional apples. The organically grown apples showed higher content of soluble solids, total sugars and reduced sugars in comparison to the apples from the conventional orchards. The physiochemical parameters of fruits varied depending on the cultivar. The highest content of soluble solids, total sugars, reduced sugars and organic acids were found for Red Boskoop cultivar, whereas Jonagold cultivar had the highest firmness and the ratio of total sugars to organic acids. The organic apples as having better nutritional value and comparable sensory quality should be recommended to be consumed daily.
Free monomeric thiometaphosphate in protic solvents: complete racemisation at phosphorus in the ethanolysis of 4-nitrophenyl thiophosphate

The ethanolysis of the monoanion of RP-4-nitrophenyl [18O]thiophosphate (1) proceeds with a large degree of racemisation (ca. 80%) and the dianion with complete racemisation, the corresponding solvolysis of the monoanion in aqueous ethanol giving ethyl thiophosphate (3) with ca. 70% racemisation; these data provide the first direct support of a freely-solvated monomeric thiometaphosphate intermediate (2) in the case of the solvolysis of the dianion in ethanol and a relatively long-lived intermediate for the monoanion in ethanol and in aqueous ethanol.
A novel FRET probe for selective and sensitive determination of vitamin B12 by functionalized CdS QDs in aqueous media: applications to pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

Vitamin B12 (VB12) is one of the essential B complex vitamins, it is a water soluble nutrient and a medicine. Herein we developed, a novel but straightforward method for the selective and sensitive quantitative determination of VB12 based upon measuring the fluorescence quenching of functionalized CdS quantum dots (QDs) in aqueous media. The mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) functionalized CdS QDs were directly synthesized from cadmium chloride and sodium sulfide in aqueous media by a chemical method. The detection mechanism involves photoinduced charge transfer from CdS QDs towards VB12 at the surface of the CdS QDs resulting in the fluorescence quenching of CdS QDs followed by nonradiative fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Under the optimized conditions, the relationship between the fluorescence intensity of the CdS QDs and VB12 concentration was linear in the range of 5.0–100 μg mL−1 with a limit of detection of 6.91 μg mL−1. The selectivity experiment indicated excellent selectivity for VB12 over a number of interfering species. Moreover the method was successfully applied in the determination of VB12 in complex matrices, namely blood serum, urine and pharmaceutical formulations (multivitamin injection), without sample pretreatment. The accuracy and reliability of the method was further ascertained by recovery studies via the standard addition method with percentage recoveries in the range of 97.15%–99.49% being obtained. In addition, the probable fluorescence quenching mechanism of the CdS QDs induced by VB12 is also discussed.
DETERMINATION OF MERCURY IN HAIR SAMPLES OF IRAQIS POPULATION LIVING IN SAFWAN AND AL-ZUBAIR SOUTHERN BASRAH

A random sample of 52 males and 48 females residence in Southern Basrah Governorate, Iraq, were examined for concentrations of mercury in their hair. The effects of gender, location, age, weight, as well as food and smoking habit were examined . Total mercury was determined spectrofluorometrically after the formation of ternary system complex between mercury , eosin and (1,10) phenanthroline in the presence of gelatin and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid sodium salt. The highest concentration of mercury was found in human hair from Safwan (109.1 g/g) compared with Al-Zubair (27.8 g/g). Female hair samples is shown to have highest concentration of mercury (80.2 g/g) ,than male (57.6 g/g). There was strong correlation between hair mercury concentrations and each of age, weight, food and smoking habit. Old people, those with age> 60 years, have high er levels (115.256 g/g) than young people (5.965 g/g) with age between 10 and 20 years. Hair mercury concent ration increased with weight (126.927 g/g) for those with weight of 80's kg compared to 5.656 g/g for those with weight of 40-60 kg. Moreover, hair mercury concentration is higher for animal consuming people (64.9 g/g) than for vegetarians (33,7 g/g) and higher for smokers (95.9 g/ g) than nonsmokers (65.4 ug/g). One of the source of mercury in the studied area is the explosives used during the 2 nd
Effects of Zataria multiflora extract as Rumen Modifiers Using in vitro Gas Production Technique

This experiment was to determine effects of tow doses (0 and 0.15 mL/30 mL buffered rumen fluid) of Zataria multiflora extract on Soybean Meal (SBM) degradability were studied by in vitro gas producing techniques. Gas production test with mixtures of filtered rumen liquid of three taleshi native male cattle rumen in times of 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 were performed. The gas volumes for soybean meal in different incubation times were higher than that of Zataria multiflora extract (0.15 mL/30 mL buffered rumen fluid). Chemical composition for dry matter, crude protein and Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate were 94.07, 40 and 29.36%, respectively. The results showed that gas volume at 48 h incubation (for 200 mg dry samples), were 62.12 and 38.01 mL/200 mg DM for soybean meal (control) and Zataria multiflora extract (0.15 mL/30 mL buffered rumen fluid), respectively. the gas production from soluble fraction (a), the gas production from insoluble fraction (b), rate constant of gas production during incubation (c) and the potential gas production (a + b) contents of soybean meal (control) were 4.42 (mL/200 mg DM), 67.1 (mL/200 mg DM), 0.113 (mL/h) and 71.52 (mL/200 mg DM), respectively, the gas production from soluble fraction (a), the gas production from insoluble fraction (b), rate constant of gas production during incubation (c) and the potential gas production (a + b) contents for Zataria multiflora extract (0.15 mL/30 mL buffered rumen fluid) were 3.52 (mL/200 mg DM), 45.54 (mL/200 mg DM), 0.07 (mL/h) and 49.06 (mL/200 mg DM), respectively. Gas volume at 72 h incubation (for 200 mg dry samples), of soybean meal and Zataria multiflora extract (0.15 mL/30 mL buffered rumen fluid) were 62.91 and 41.62, respectively. Gas volume at 96 h incubation (for 200 mg dry samples), of soybean meal and Zataria multiflora extract (0.15 mL/30 mL buffered rumen fluid) were 63.72 and 42.82, respectively.
First-principles studies on the elastic constants of a 1:1 layered kaolinite mineral

Abstract The mechanical behavior of minerals under high pressure has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Clay minerals, including kaolinite, are common minerals found in sedimentary environments and their behavior under pressure is an important factor in understanding seismogenic zones. Kaolinite is a ubiquitous member of the kaolin group of 1:1 phyllosilicates that have recently been found to undergo a structural phase transition between 2.0 and 2.5 GPa. In this study, the bulk modulus and elastic constants of kaolinite have been calculated from first principles within density functional theory (DFT) for the first time. The bulk modulus is predicted to be 23 GPa for kaolinite. The calculated elastic constant tensors indicate that the a direction is slightly more flexible than the b direction. The calculated elastic constant tensor along c is much lower than the constants calculated along a and b consistent with the crystal structure of kaolinite. Elastic wave velocities for P- and S-waves were calculated to be 7.34 and 3.50 km/s, respectively. Since an agreement between the theoretical and experimental values is satisfactory, we conclude that the theoretical calculations presented here are useful in seismic research for predicting the mechanical properties of minerals that are difficult to obtain experimentally because of their small particle size (typically <2 micrometers).