Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory and promotive allelopathy in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Studies on allelopathic rice, which inhibits the germination and development of weeds such as barnyardgrass (Echinochloa spp.) and ducksalad [Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Wild. ], have been strongly conducted in the USA, the Philippines, Japan, Korea, and other countries since the 1980s. Weed-suppressing rice plants can compete with weeds for light and mineral nutrients by their rapid and thick growth characteristics, and probably also by their allelopathic effects. It was suggested that allelopathic properties were inherited from parents. Different screening methods for finding allelopathic rice simply and rapidly have been proposed. In contrast, stimulative allelopathy in rice, which promotes germination of the dormant and dormancy-awakened seeds of Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) Kunth var. vaginalis, has been investigated by the authors since the 1990s. Rice seeds promoted the germination in the dark and in light under submerged conditions. Our experiments suggested that rice seeds, hulls, plants and straw contain stimulative substance(s) that promote seed germination of M. vaginalis.
Analysis of the nest environment of tuatara Sphenodon punctatus

Water potential and temperature were monitored in 20 natural nests of tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus, through 12 months of incubation on Stephens Island, New Zealand. Tuatara nest in rookeries in open pasture, in sites that often are more than 100m from residential burrows located beneath the closed canopy of native bush. Nest tunnels are approximately 197 mm long, 73mm wide, and 45mm high, and have a slightly expanded chamber at the end. Eggs are generally deposited in 1-3 layers in the terminal chamber. The top eggs are 30-155mm below the soil surface, and an air space of as much as 20 mm may exist between the uppermost egg and the top of the chamber. Each nest receives an average of 8.6 eggs that imbibe water and swell during incubation. Only 48% of eggs have hatched or are still alive 12 months after oviposition. Survival by embryos is higher in moist nests than in dry ones. Variation in temperature in nests has only a small influence on survival, and this influence may be mediated indirectly by effects of temperature on the water exchanges experienced by incubating eggs. Water potentials in the soil of closed canopy forest on Stephens Island are high enough to support embryogenesis, but temperatures are too low. Thus, females leave the forest to nest in areas where soil temperatures are suitable for incubation.
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Fluorescence as an Early Marker of Mitochondrial Impairment During Brain Hypoxia

Multimodal continuous bedside monitoring is increasingly recognized as a promising option for early treatment stratification in patients at risk for ischemia during neurocritical care. Modalities used at present are, for example, oxygen availability and subdural electrocorticography. The assessment of mitochondrial function could be an interesting complement to these modalities. For instance, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) fluorescence permits direct insight into the mitochondrial redox state. Therefore, we explored the possibility of using FAD fluorometry to monitor consequences of hypoxia in brain tissue in vitro and in vivo. By combining experimental results with computational modeling, we identified the potential source responsible for the fluorescence signal and gained insight into the hypoxia-associated metabolic changes in neuronal energy metabolism. In vitro, hypoxia was characterized by a reductive shift of FAD, impairment of synaptic transmission and increasing interstitial potassium [K+]o. Computer simulations predicted FAD changes to originate from the citric acid cycle enzyme α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. In vivo, the FAD signal during early hypoxia displayed a reductive shift followed by a short oxidation associated with terminal spreading depolarization. In silico, initial tissue hypoxia followed by a transient re-oxygenation phase due to glucose depletion might explain FAD dynamics in vivo. Our work suggests that FAD fluorescence could be readily used to monitor mitochondrial function during hypoxia and represents a potential diagnostic tool to differentiate underlying metabolic processes for complementation of multimodal brain monitoring.
The odontocete community and its environment in the southwestern Gulf of California

Community structure is a function of the number of species, their relative abundance and the characteristics of the dominant, common and rare species that are part of it. It also can be described by changes in its physical and biological environment. The aim of the present work is to describe the odontocete community, its temporal changes and the relationship with environmental variability and food availability in the southwestern Gulf of California (GC). Information was obtained from 21 sampling trips from September 2003 to March 2006 between La Paz Bay and Loreto, with a sampling effort of 8769.1km. We recorded the presence, location and other biological parameters of odontocete sightings. Data on environmental variability was obtained from satellite images of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll concentration, and food availability from published reports. A total of 30201 odontocete cetaceans were recorded from 353 sightings, belonging to 10 different species. We observed a temporal lag between the peaks in productivity and an increased presence of odontocete species. The community structure showed a seasonal change in the abundance of the dominant ( Tursiops truncatus and Delphinus sp.) and common species ( Globicephala macrorhynchus and Kogia sp.), as well as by the absence or presence of scarce ( Physeter macrocephalus and Orcinus orca ) and rare species ( Pseudorca crassidens and Lagenorhynchus obliquidens ). This seasonal community change is in agreement with the known seasonal movements of its main prey inside the GC, which, in turn, is related to seasonal environmental variation. We observed that the community structure was dominated by fish-eating species during the temperate season and responded to the increased presence and aggregation of sardines ( Sardinops sagax caerulea ) in the southern GC, whereas the warm season was dominated by squid-eating species and related to the increased presence and aggregation of the jumbo squid ( Dosidicus gigas ) in the GC's west coast.
Aspectos produtivos e econômicos de novilhos mestiços alimentados com suplementos proteico-energéticos contendo ureia

The objective was to evaluate productive efficiency, economic performance and supplement intake rate in crossbred steers on pasture during the dry season. Twenty 19-month-old Holstein × Zebu steers with 315±25 kg of live weight were alocated into four paddocks of Brachiaria decumbens with 3.0 ha each. Each animal received 4.0 kg/day of supplement based on ground corn grain, cottonseed meal, mineral mixture and urea/ammonium sulfate in four levels (0, 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6%) as fed basis. Final live weight and average daily gain presents quadratic behavior. Maximum responses estimated were observed at levels 1.67% (399.9 kg) and 1,60% (0.956 kg/day) urea, respectively. Hot carcass weight, carcass yield, the proportions of muscular, fat and bone tissues and the muscle:bone in the carcass ratio were not influenced by the levels of urea in the supplements. The economical evaluation of the supplements, unlike the treament without urea, showed greater economic efficiency for supplement containing 2,4% of urea. As urea levels were increased, more time was observed for total consumption of the supplements.
Breeding cut flower cultivars of Leptospermum using interspecific hybridisation

Abstract Leptospermum scoparium Forst. has an ideal form for a cut flower, but its use is limited by a short vase life. Flowers on cut stems typically wilt within 4–6 days of harvest. A breeding programme was initiated to develop cultivars with improved characteristics for commercial cut flower production, focusing on increasing postharvest life. A survey was conducted of 38 cultivars of L. scoparium as well as 16 other species of Leptospermum, 3 of the closely related genus Kunzea, and 1 intergeneric hybrid between L. scoparium and K. sinclairii. The vase lives of the L. scoparium cultivars studied varied from 1 to 6 days, with a modal value of 4 days. L. scoparium ’Crimson Glory’ has been successfully hybridised to L. rotundifolium ’Jervis Bay’. The Fl progeny of this cross lasted from 4 to 9 days in a vase with a modal value of 6.5 days. Other heritable characters included differences in leaf and flower dimensions and the accumulation of the blue anthocyanidin moiety delphinidin in the petals.
Diet-Derived Phytochemicals Targeting Colon Cancer Stem Cells and Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a fatal disease caused by the uncontrolled propagation and endurance of atypical colon cells. A person’s lifestyle and eating pattern have significant impacts on the CRC in a positive and/or negative way. Diet-derived phytochemicals modulate the microbiome as well as targeting colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are found to offer significant protective effects against CRC, which were organized in an appropriate spot on the paper. All information on dietary phytochemicals, gut microbiome, CSCs, and their influence on CRC were accessed from the various databases and electronic search engines. The effectiveness of CRC can be reduced using various dietary phytochemicals or modulating microbiome that reduces or inverses the progression of a tumor as well as CSCs, which could be a promising and efficient way to reduce the burden of CRC. Phytochemicals with modulation of gut microbiome continue to be auspicious investigations in CRC through noticeable anti-tumorigenic effects and goals to CSCs, which provides new openings for cancer inhibition and treatment.
Partial substitution of fish meal and full‐fat soya bean meal with wheat gluten and influence of lysine supplementation in diets for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

A 65-day study was undertaken to evaluate the utilization of lysine-supplemented wheat gluten meal as a protein source for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). The performance of the trout fed wheat gluten was compared to that of trout where protein was principally supplied using fish meal and full-fat soyabean meal. Six isonitrogenous diets (approximately 45% crude protein) were formulated. Thus, the reference diet (FS) was based on fish meal and full-fat soya bean meal while a further five diets were formulated with a mixture of wheat gluten and wheat middlings used to isonitrogenously replace approximately 75% and 57% of the full-fat soya and fish meal respectively. Crystalline l-lysine representing 0.00%, 0.29%, 0.58%, 0.87% and 1.16% of the complete diet was then added to the wheat-gluten-based diets. Optimal performance in terms of weight gain and apparent net protein utilization was achieved by the fish fed a wheat-gluten-based diet supplemented with lysine (0.58%) yielding a digestible lysine level of 1.9% of the complete feed. Within the range of supplements provided, lysine digestibility was high. However, at the highest levels of supplemental lysine the relationship between uptake and supplement level was not linear. Additionally, arginine digestibility was not affected by the level of lysine supplementation. However, amongst the wheat-gluten-based diets, optimal performance was associated with a lysine: arginine ratio of 1.1: 1. Despite a lysine: arginine ratio of approximately 1.1: 1, the overall performance of the fish fed the fish-meal-soya-based reference diet was poorer than expected. The results are discussed with respect to optimal patterns of gross and digestible amino acids, lysine-arginine antagonism and the possible relationship between antinutritional factors and the poor performance of the fish fed the fish-meal-soya-based reference diet.
Description of a new freshwater species of Thaumatomastix (Protista, Thaumatomonadida) from Nigeria, West Africa

Thaumatomastix (Protista, Thaumatomonadida) is a free swimming heterotrophic genus sporadically reported from both marine and freshwater habitats. The genus at present comprises fourteen species none of which have been reported from Africa. We describe a new freshwater species from Nigeria, Thaumatomastix nigeriensis, using TEM.
Determining host factors contributing to disease severity in a family cluster of 29 hospitalized SARS‐CoV‐2 patients: Could genetic factors be relevant in the clinical course of COVID‐19?

In this study, we report a large family cluster consisting of 29 genetically related patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). We sought to determine the clinical characteristics relevant to the clinical course of COVID‐19 by comparing the family cluster to unrelated patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection so that the presence of potential determinants of disease severity, other than traditional risk factors previously reported, could be investigated. Twenty‐nine patient files were investigated in group 1 and group 2 was created with 52 consecutive patients with COVID‐19 having age and gender compatibility. The virus was detected for diagnosis. The clinical, laboratory and imaging features of all patients were retrospectively screened. Disease course was assessed using records regarding outcome from patient files retrospectively. Groups were compared with respect to baseline characteristics, disease severity on presentation, and disease course. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of comorbidity and smoking history. In terms of inhospital treatment, use differed not significantly between two groups. We found that all 29 patients in the group 1 had severe pneumonia, 18 patients had severe pneumonia. Hospitalization rates, length of hospital stay, and transferred to intensive care unit were found to be statistically significantly higher in the group 1. In the present study, COVID‐19 cases in the large family cluster were shown to have more severe disease and worse clinical course compared with consecutive patients with COVID‐19 presenting to the same time. We believe further studies into potential genetic mechanisms of host susceptibility to COVID‐19 should include such family clusters.
An Environmentally Friendly Practice Used in Olive Cultivation Capable of Increasing Commercial Interest in Waste Products from Oil Processing

In the Rural Development Plan (2014–2020), the European Commission encouraged the conversion and supported the maintenance of organic farming. Organic olive oil (bioEVOO) production involves the use of environmentally sustainable fertilizers and the recycling of olive pomace (Pom) and olive vegetation waters (VW) to reduce the environmental impact of these wastes. An ecofriendly way to recycle olive wastes is to reuse them to extract bioactive compounds. In this study, the total phenolic compounds content, their profile and dosage, the antioxidant action in oil, pomace, and vegetation water was evaluated when the Trichoderma harzianum M10 was used as a biostimulant in agriculture. Two spectrophotometric tests (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS)) evaluated the antioxidant potential of samples, a spectrophotometric method estimated total phenolic content, and an Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC)–Orbitrap method evaluated the phenolics profile. Our results showed that the biostimulation improved the antioxidant potential and the total concentration of phenolics in the bioEVOO and bio-pomace (bioPom) samples and mainly enhanced, among all classes of phenolic compounds, the production of the flavonoids and the secoiridoids. Moreover, they demonstrated the Trichoderma action in the mevalonate pathway to produce phenols for the first time. The decisive action of the Thricoderma on the production of phenolic compounds increases the economic value of the waste materials as a source of bioactive compounds useful for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
Catálogo sistemático dos pólens das plantas arbóreas do brasil meridional: V - Leguminosae: Papilionatae

In this paper of the catalogue of south brazilian arboreal pollen grains, the autor deals with the Papilionatae. The Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioideae are yet in preparation, so that a discussion of the three subfamilies (or families) is not possible. In relation with the systematical subdivision of the Papilionatae, we found a large correspondence with the morphology of the present pollen grains. The group of Phaseoleae contains the genera Mucuna, Erythrina and Dioclea; the grains of the studied species are very different one from another; the first of the genera possesses very volumous grains, with three colpori and a reticulated superficies; the second has three-porated pollen grains with a large reticulated superficies, and the third, Dioclea, is yet different; it possesses oblated grains, each three-colporated, with a thick sexine and a psilated superficies. So, we can say, that Phaseoleae is a erypalynous group. Dalbergieae, with the genera: Andira, Dalbergia, Lonchocarpus, Machaerium, Platymiscium and Pterocarpus (and Dahlstedtia, the only exception), has very uniform pollen grains, and may be considered stenopalynous. It is not possible to include the genus Dahlstedtia into this group. A little exception is represented by Pterocarpus violaceus, because of the reticulated sexine of its grains, while the others, also three-colporated, possess a tectate-reticulated sexine. The genera Myrocarpus and Ormosia, from Sophoreae, are very more similar to the Dalbergieae as to any other genus of the Phaseoleae.
Avaliação do uso de inoculantes microbianos sobre a qualidade fermentativa e nutricional da silagem de milho

ABSTRACT - The corn hybrids AG 510 and AG 5011 (Agroceres) were ensiled in plastic experimental silos (four units/treatment),consisting of eight treatments: control (without inoculation), Sil-All ® ( S. faecium , P. acidilactici , L. plantarum , amylase, hemicellulase,and cellulase), Silobac ® ( L. plantarum , S. faecium , and Lactobacillus sp.), and Pioneer 1174 ® ( S. faecium and L. plantarum ). Silos wereopened 106 days after ensiling and sampled to proceed chemical analyses. AG 510 and AG 5011 hybrids differed for DM (35.26 vs.44.06%), CP (8.07 vs. 9.73%), ADIN (19.04 vs. 24.76% of total N), NDF (62.03 vs. 64.71%), ADF (36.74 vs. 40.19%), lignin (11.24vs. 12.57%), water soluble carbohydrates (12.0 vs. 7.0%), starch (27.04 vs. 24.46%), pH (3.79 vs. 4.32), amoniacal nitrogen (4. 19 vs.8.81% of total N), lactic acid (4.875 vs. 1.421% of DM) and acetic acid (1.269 vs. 2.682% of DM). Pionner 1174 ® increased water-soluble carbohydrate in AG 510 hybrid, but not in AG 5011. Inoculation with Pioneer and Silobac had the highest and the interme diatestarch content, respectively, in relation to control and Sil-All in the AG 510 hybrid, but not in AG 5011. AG 510 provided betterfermentation pattern when compared to AG 5011, although inoculants showed no effects on those parameters.Key Words: additives, ensiling, lactic acid bacteria, organic acids,
Crescimento de mudas de pau-ferro sob diferentes níveis de sombreamento

Obtaining native seedlings requires information about seeds harvest time, storage and luminosity conditions, germination and types of substrate, among others. This study aimed at evaluating the luminosity demands for the initial growth of Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. ex. Tul. var. leiostachya Benth (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae) seedlings submitted to different shading levels, at 60 days after transplant (DAT). The experimental design was completely randomized, in 3x5 factorial scheme (three shading levels: 0%, 50% and 70%; and five evaluation times: 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 DAT), with four replications of 10 seedlings per experimental unit. Plants grown under the shading level of 70% presented the highest contents for total chlorophyll (38.79 ? g cm -2 ), leaf area ratio (51.54 g cm -2 ), relative growth rate (0.0322 g g -1 day -1 ) and leaf weight ratio (0.2708 g g -1 ). The highest values for stem height (110.34 cm) and base diameter (9.3 mm), and root (11.13 g), leaf (5.59 g) and shoot (16.05 g) dry matter, as well as leaf area (705.25 cm 2 ), were observed in the plants cultivated under the shading level of 50%. No differences were observed for root growth, specific leaf weight, net assimilation rate and specific leaf area, concerning the different shading levels tested (averages of 9.3 cm, 0.0082 g cm -2 , 0.0006 g cm -2 day -1 and 186.24 g cm -2 , respectively). The Caesalpinia ferrea seedlings presented a better growth rate when cultivated under the shading level of 50%.
S and P intersterility groups in Heterobasidion annosum; Infection frequencies through bark of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris seedlings and in vitro growth rates at different oxygen levels

Seedlings of Norway Spruce and Scots Pine were inoculated with S and P strains of the root rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum. Infection frequencies through the living bark layers were not related to subgroup affiliation in neither spruces nor pines. Growth rates in vitro were not related to growth rates in vivo. Oxygen concentration had a stronger effect on the growth rates of P than on S strains.
ACTN3’s R577X Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Allele Distribution Differs Significantly in Professional Football Players according to Their Field Position

Introduction: Football is characterised by intermittent high-intensity efforts varying according to the field position of a player. We aimed to ascertain whether polymorphisms in the ACTN3 gene are associated with different playing positions in elite professional football players. Subjects and Methods: Genotyping of the ACTN3 gene was conducted in 43 elite professional football players of a single team. Playing position was recorded based on the player’s most frequent position. Results: The genotype distribution was not significant between positions (p = 0.057), while the allele distribution differed significantly (p = 0.035). Goalkeepers (p = 0.04, p = 0.03), central defenders (p = 0.03, p = 0.01), and central midfielders (p = 0.01, p = 0.00) had a significantly different allele distribution compared with wide midfielders and forward players. Conclusions: Genetic biomarkers may be important when analysing performance capability in elite professional football. Identifying the genetic characteristics of a player to adapt his playing position may lead to orientation of positions based on physical capabilities and tissue quality in young football players, and also to performance enhancement in those who are already playing in professional teams.
In Situ Relations of Target Strength to Fish Size for Great Lakes Pelagic Planktivores

Abstract We found mean target strength to be a reliable in situ predictor of fish weight, which allows direct estimation of the pelagic planktivore fish biomass from target strength measurements. Fish were collected by midwater trawling concurrent with target strength measurements (120-kHz frequency) in Lake Michigan. The mean weight of fish caught ranged from 2 to 71 g and mean target strength ranged from –54.9 to –38.0 decibels. Changes in mean target strength explained 73% of the variability in mean weight for combinations of various planktivore species, principally rainbow smelt Osrnerus mordax, bloaters Coregonus hovi, and alewives Alosa pseudoharengus. Bloaters were found to be less acoustically reflective than the other pelagic species, and a linear regression model with a classification variable was used to predict weight from target strength for bloaters and for the other species. We demonstrated that variations in the backscattering properties of different fish species must be considered to obta.