Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Celecoxib Inhibits Interleukin-12 (cid:1)(cid:2) and (cid:2) 2 Folding and Secretion by a Novel COX2-Independent Mechanism Involving Chaperones of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Celecoxib (CE) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is a specific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). It is indicated for a variety of chronic inflammatory conditions, in- cluding rheumatoid arthritis. Over the last few years, adverse cardiovascular effects and increased risk for heart attacks have been associated with this drug. In addition, evidence is emerg-ing for COX2-independent molecular targets. CE has been shown to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells lines through a COX2-independent mechanism that seems to involve inacti- vation of protein kinase Akt and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca 2 (cid:1) ATPase. In this study, we show that both CE and an analog devoid of COX2 inhibitory activity [1-(4-sulfamoyl phenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-5-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyrazole,CEA]inhibitthesecretionofthedimericinterleukin-12(IL-12) (cid:1)(cid:2) and (cid:2) 2 forms with identical IC 50 values of 20 and 30 (cid:3) M, respectively, whereas no such effect was seen with rofecoxib. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that this inhibition was not due to a blockage of tran- scription of the (cid:1) - and (cid:2) -chain expression cassettes. Secretion of the (cid:2) monomer form was less strongly inhibited, suggestive for a mechanism primarily targeting dimer assembly in the ER. Analysis of intracellular fractions revealed that both CE and CEA increased the association of IL-12 with calreticulin, an endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone involved in the retention of misfolded cargo proteins while blocking interaction with ERp44. Our findings reveal a previously undescribed effect of celecoxib on oligomer protein folding and assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum and ensuing secretion and suggest that celecoxib-driven alteration of the secretome may be involved in some of its clinical side effects.
The Origin of Garnets in Andesitic Rocks from the Northland Arc, New Zealand, and their Implication for Sub-arc Processes

An unusual andesitic suite from the Miocene volcanic arc in Northland, New Zealand, comprises pyroxene andesite and garnetbearing hornblende^pyroxene, hornblende and biotite^hornblende andesites. Garnet crystals occur as 1^10 mm single crystals or more commonly as two or more annealed crystals and as garnetite lenses. The andesitic rocks also contain enclaves of high-MgO pyroxenite, hornblendite, and pyroxene^hornblende gabbro as well as highAl2O3 hornblende gabbro, garnet^hornblende gabbro, and anorthosite. Garnet crystals in the andesitic volcanic rocks and in the enclaves show comparable compositional ranges, zoning patterns and inclusions, which indicate that they share a common petrogenetic history.They can be grouped into four distinct types on the basis of mode of occurrence, chemical composition and zoning patterns, which leads to their interpretation as antecrysts rather than orthocrysts.The compositions of the garnets, as well as their included mineral assemblages, reflect a petrogenetic trend from high-temperature pyroxene-bearing high-Mg garnet to low-temperature Fe-rich garnet at relatively constant pressure. Well-preserved zoning patterns, in particular those of the Caand Mg-rich garnets, reflect processes within a deep crustal arc environment. Later assimilation is suggested by some zoning patterns that show decreasing Ca and increasing Fe and Mn contents.The garnets are interpreted as being derived by disintegration of discrete but closely related cumulate material that formed at pressures of 8^10 kbar. The host volcanic rocks and their garnet crystals together with the enclaves thus represent a consanguineous mixture of liquid and solid components that developed where subduction-related magmas ponded and interacted at or near the base of the crust.Together they represent a rare snapshot of the processes and components that produce arc-type rocks.
Representation of Vegetation and other Non-erodible Elements in Aeolian Sediment Transport Models

The presence of non-erodible elements is well understood to be a reducing factor for soil erosion by wind, but the limits of its protection of the surface and erosion threshold prediction is complicated by the varying geometry, spatial organization and density of the elements. The predictive capabilities of the most recent models for estimating wind driven particle fluxes are reduced due to the poor representation of the effectiveness of vegetation to reduce wind erosion. Two approaches have been taken to account for roughness effects on sediment transport thresholds. Marticorena and Bergametti [1995] in their dust emission model parameterize the effect of roughness on threshold with the assumption that there is a relationship between roughness density and the aerodynamic roughness length of a surface. Raupach et al. [1993] offer a different approach based on physical modeling of wake developments behind individual roughness elements and the partition of the surface stress and the total stress over a roughened surface. A comparison between the models shows the partitioning approach to be a good framework to explain the effect of roughness on entrainment of sediment by wind. Both models provided very good agreement for wind tunnel experiments using solid objects on a non-erodible surface. However, the Marticorena and Bergametti [1995] approach displays a scaling dependency when the difference between the roughness length of the surface and the overall roughness length is too great. While the Raupach et al. [1993] model predictions perform better due to the incorporation of the roughness geometry and the alterations to the flow they can cause.
How Parasite Communities Shape Host Evolution: from Individual-Level Experiments to Population-Level Comparisons

Parasites generate strong selective pressures that can shape host physiology, behavior, and evolutionary history. My dissertation research examines how complex interactions among hosts and parasites can shape patterns across spatial scales, from individual-level variation within populations to larger-scale patterns across populations, with emphasis on the association between parasites and evolution by mate-selection, or sexual selection. Sexual traits are used by females in mate-choice decisions to assess male quality and have often been linked to parasites within populations. Yet, broad patterns for links between sexual traits and parasites are unclear, and a unifying framework remains elusive. Thus, I first developed an approach for detecting connections between sexual traits, fitness costs, and the parasite community which I then applied in North American barn swallows, Hirundo rustica erythrogaster. I found that two costly parasites with different life histories were both associated with sexual trait expression. I performed further manipulation experiments with one of these parasites, nest mites, using an experimental technique that I developed. The results of these experiments show that fitness costs were due to size specific immune responses and mortality in nestlings and that a behavioral mechanism, territory settlement and defense, connected male sexual trait expression with parasites. Further, nest mites also influenced parental care in sex specific ways that were dynamic across development. To better understand how parasites may shape patterns of trait divergence among closely related populations, I tested whether adaptation to local parasite communities was tied to sexual trait divergence in the barn swallow species complex. I replicated my study of parasite communities and sexual traits in two additional species of barn swallow, Hirundo rustica rustica in the Czech Republic and Hirundo rustica transitiva in Israel. Within each population, sexual traits provide relevant information to females about local parasites, and associations between traits and parasites were flexible across populations, suggesting that divergent sexual traits are tied to variation in local ecology. Together, these results demonstrate that parasites interact to shape the behavior of their hosts in complex ways and that variation in parasites across closely related groups may play an important role in sexual trait divergence and speciation.
Coping styles and learning in fish: developing behavioural tools for welfare-friendly aquaculture

Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given.
Does Mother Nature Corrupt? Natural Resources, Corruption, and Economic Growth

This paper argues that natural resource abundance creates opportunities for rent-seeking behavior and is an important factor in determining a country’s level of corruption. In a simple growth model, we illustrate the interrelationships between natural resources, corruption, and economic growth, and discuss potential anti-corruption policies. We show that the extent of corruption depends on natural resource abundance, government policies, and the concentration of bureaucratic power. Furthermore, the growth effects of natural resource discoveries and anticorruption policies crucially depend on the economy’s state of development. We empirically corroborate the model’s implications in a cross-country framework with both corruption and growth endogenized.
SPATIAL VARIATION IN TREE SPECIES COMPOSITION ACROSS TROPICAL FORESTS: PATTERN AND PROCESS

OVERVIEW Understanding the causes of spatial variation in floristic composition is one of the overarching goals of plant ecology. This goal has been challenged by the difficulty of unfolding the spatial component of biodiversity, and of interpreting it biologically, especially in the tropics. Hence until recently, virtually nothing was known about the real impact of land-use change on tropical biodiversity, in spite of the rapid rates of tropical deforestation and habitat loss. This picture has changed dramatically over the past few years, with the development of large-scale inventory projects and the implementation of methods for quantitative analysis of floristic data. Here, I provide an overview of the definitions of spatial floristic turnover, or beta-diversity, and a statistical toolkit for the analysis of beta-diversity. I also contrast ecological theories which underlie the statistical tests. I then review recent empirical studies on plant beta-diversity in tropical forests. This panorama shows that a consensus on field and analytical methods is now being reached. There is a need for careful reinterpretations of published ecological patterns in light of well-formulated ecological hypotheses. Only through ambitious field studies and collaborative approaches will further progress be achieved in this fascinating research area.
Response of ENSO and the Mean State of the Tropical Pacific to Extratropical Cooling and Warming: A Study Using the IAP Coupled Model

Abstract The coupled model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) is used to investigate the effects of extratropical cooling and warming on the tropical Pacific climate. The IAP coupled model is a fully coupled GCM without any flux correction. The model has been used in many aspects of climate modeling, including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) climate change and paleoclimate simulations. In this study, the IAP coupled model is subjected to cooling or heating over the extratropical Pacific. As in an earlier study, the cooling and heating is imposed over the extratropical region poleward of 10°N–10°S. Consistent with earlier findings, an elevated (reduced) level of ENSO activity in response to an increase (decrease) in the cooling over the extratropical region is found. The changes in the time-mean structure of the equatorial upper ocean are also found to be very different between the case in which ocean–atmosphere is coupled over the equatorial r.
Effects of management thinning on CO 2 exchange by a plantation oak woodland in south-eastern England

Abstract. Forest thinning, which removes some individual trees from a forest stand at intermediate stages of the rotation, is commonly used as a silvicultural technique and is a management practice that can substantially alter both forest canopy structure and carbon storage. Whilst a proportion of the standing biomass is removed through harvested timber, thinning also removes some of the photosynthetic leaf area and introduces a large pulse of woody residue (brash) to the soil surface, which potentially can alter the balance of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration. Using a combination of eddy covariance (EC) and aerial light detection and ranging (lidar) data, this study investigated the effects of management thinning on the carbon balance and canopy structure in a commercially managed oak plantation in the south-east of England. Whilst thinning had a large effect on the canopy structure, increasing canopy complexity and gap fraction, the effects of thinning on the carbon balance were not as evident. In the first year post thinning, the peak summer photosynthetic rate was unaffected by the thinning, suggesting that the better illuminated ground vegetation and shrub layer compensated for the removed trees. Peak summer photosynthetic rate was reduced in the thinned area between 2009 and 2011, but there was no significant difference between sectors. Ecosystem respiration fluxes increased in the thinned relative to the unthinned area in the post-thinning phase.
Determinants of Neonatal and Post-neonatal Mortality in Pakistan

Ensuring the survival and well being of children is a concern of families, communities and nations throughout the world. Since the turn of the 20th century infant and child mortality in more developed countries has steadily declined and, currently, has been reduced to almost minimal levels. In contrast, although infant and child mortality has declined in the past three decades in most less developed countries, the pace of change and the magnitude of improvement vary considerably
A Computer-assisted Career Guidance Evaluation

A COMPUTER-ASSISTED CAREER GUIDANCE EVALUATION by Charles Travis Schmid The purpose of this study was to investigate an effective career guidance intervention by means of: (a) comparing two computer assisted career guidance (CACG) systems, GA College 411 and Career Cruising; (b) comparing adoption rates between the two CACG systems; (c) comparing two intervention interval times, massed vs. spaced; and (d) comparing variables of gender and ethnicity. The theoretical lens for this investigation included: (a) Career Development Theory; (b) Social Cognitive Theory; (c) Diffusion Theory; and (d) Cognitive Information Processing Theories. This study utilized a convenient sample of 150 ninth grade students, enrolled a large high school in Georgia, randomly assigned into five treatment groups: (a) Career Cruising massed; (b) GA College 411 massed; (c) Career Cruising spaced; (d) GA College 411 spaced; and (e) the comparison group. At the beginning of the study, all participants were asked to complete a pretest of the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (Betz, Klein, & Taylor, 1996). Students in the massed treatment groups were provided with a one-time, 90minute, career intervention using one of the two CACG systems. Students in the spaced treatment groups were provided with the same intervention as the massed treatment group, but their intervention was spaced out over three, 30-minute, sessions. At the
Phreatomagmatic boulder conglomerates at the tip of the ca 2772 Ma Black Range dolerite dyke, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia

Unusual volcanic conglomerates with a mixture of well-rounded granitic boulders (to 1.2 m diameter) derived from adjacent basement rocks, and smaller (1 – 10 cm) subspherical basaltic droplets with chilled margins occupy a linear zone along strike of the northern end of the Late Archaean Black Range dolerite dyke in the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia. The matrix of the volcanic conglomerates becomes more angular with decreasing grainsize and grades to rock flour, a trend opposite to that in sedimentary conglomerates. In other places, the matrix consists of chlorite that cuts through, and resorbs, granitic clasts, indicating an origin as volcanic melt. The volcanic conglomerates have peperitic contacts with immediately adjacent flows of the Mt Roe Basalt of the Fortescue Group. A welded volcanic tuff at the peperitic contact is dated at 2767 ± 3 Ma, within error of the 2772 ± 2 Ma Black Range dolerite dyke and the Mt Roe Basalt (2775 ± 10 Ma), confirming the contemporaneity of formation of these geological elements. Subsequent normal faulting has juxtaposed the higher level conglomerates down into their present exposure level along strike of the Black Range dolerite dyke. The linear zone of volcanic conglomerates is interpreted to represent a phreatomagmatic pebble dyke that formed immediately above, and as a result of intrusion of, the Black Range dolerite dyke. Interaction of magma with groundwater caused phreatomagmatic brecciation of the country rock, in situ milling of granitic boulders, incorporation of basaltic melt droplets, and the formation of a mixed matrix of devitrified volcanic glass and granitic material. This process was accompanied by along-strike epithermal Cu – Hg – Au mineralisation.
Derivative markets and economic growth: Is there a relationship?

The spread of capital markets during the half century to-date is a notable global phenomenon in economic development. Derivative markets spread globally in the last quarter century spreading form just two to some 50 in 2007. But the role of derivative markets to economic development has yet been studied. This paper reports new findings on the relationship between derivative market development and (a) economic growth and (b) spot market factors. The results provide very scant support to a positive functional contribution hypothesis by some scholars about derivative markets. However, a negative relationship between the liquidity level of derivative markets and economic growth in the cases of developed countries indicates that the risk transfer function of the derivative markets is a contribution to economic growth. We find the liquidity level of underlying spot market is a crucial factor for the success of derivative markets. This is a new finding that explains why emerging markets with illiquid spot capital markets had very limited success in sustaining the growth of derivative markets. All other economic and financial demand determinants were found to be insignificant. The study suggests that if there is sufficient liquidity in the underlying spot market, derivative trading can be sustained.
Young scholars' experiences of academic sponsorship in China: addressing the gap in student-sponsor communication

Introduction Sponsorship have been described in several ways by researchers, some of these descriptions include but not limited to; education funding (Docampo 2007), financial aid (Adekalu, Imis, and Turiman 2013), and aid for education (Tilak 2008) scholarship. In this study we define the sponsorship as an agreement in terms of which a sponsor, based on a set criteria provides some financial assistance to a beneficiary, which may be government, an organization, a term, or an individuals, to enable the recipient to pursue education empowerment activity.
A Tale of Amalgamation of Three Permo-Triassic Collage Systems in Central Asia: Oroclines, Sutures, and Terminal Accretion

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt records the accretion and convergence of three collage systems that were finally rotated into two major oroclines. The Mongolia collage system was a long, N–S-oriented composite ribbon that was rotated to its current orientation when the Mongol-Okhotsk orocline was formed. The components of the Kazakhstan collage system were welded together into a long, single composite arc that was bent to form the Kazakhstan orocline. The cratons of Tarim and North China were united and sutured by the Beishan orogen, which terminated with formation of the Solonker suture in northern China. All components of the three collage systems were generated by the Neoproterozoic and were amalgamated in the Permo-Triassic. The Central Asian Orogenic Belt evolved by multiple convergence and accretion of many orogenic components during multiple phases of amalgamation, followed by two phases of orocline rotation.
A phytogeographical analysis of the phanerogams of Pakistan and Kashmir

Four phytogeographical regions of Pakistan are recognised in an analysis of the phanerogams of Pakistan. Among the uniregionals, the most common element is Irano-Turanian (45.6%) followed by Sino-Japancse (10.6%), Saharo-Sindian (9.1%) and Indian (4.5%). Though in terms of the area, the Saharo-Sindian region occupies by far the biggest territory, the density of uniregional elements is lowest in this region. Overall there are only 6 endemic genera and an estimated 372 endemic species in Pakistan out of 4882 species. Highest numbers of uniregional endemics per unit area are met with in the Sino-Japanese region, followed by the Irano-Turanian and Saharo-Sindian region. Most of the endemics (78.22%) are confined to mountainous regions ( c. 1200 m or above). Four areas, i.e. Sino-Japanese region of Kashmir (10.21% endemics), N Baluchistan (Irano-Turanian; 9.4% endemics) and Chitral (9.1% endemics), may be recognised as centres of radiation in Pakistan.
Transport of Atmospheric Moisture during Three Extreme Rainfall Events over the Mackenzie River Basin

Lagrangian trajectories were computed for three extreme summer rainfall events (with rainfall exceeding 100 mm) over the southern Mackenzie River basin to test the hypothesis that the low-level moisture feeding these rainstorms can be traced back to the Gulf of Mexico. The three-dimensional trajectories were computed using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT). For all three events, parcel trajectories were identified that originated near the Gulf of Mexico and terminated over the southern Mackenzie River basin. Specifically, the transport of low-level moisture was found to occur along either quasi-continuous or stepwise trajectories. The time required to complete the journey varied between 6 and 10 days. Closer examination of the data suggests that, for the three cases in question, the transport of modified Gulf of Mexico moisture to high latitudes was realized when the northward extension of the Great Plains low-level jet to the Dakotas occurred in synch with rapid cyclogenesis over Alberta, Canada. In this way, modified low-level moisture from the Gulf of Mexico arrived over the northern Great Plains at the same time as a strong southerly flow developed over the Dakotas and Saskatchewan, Canada, in advance of the deepening cutoff low over Alberta. This moist air was then transported northward over Saskatchewan and finally westward over the southern Mackenzie River basin, where strong ascent occurred.