Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Topical Application of Clonidine Cream on Pain Behaviors and Spinal Fos Protein Expression in Rat Models of Neuropathic Pain, Postoperative Pain, and Inﬂammatory Pain

Background: Clonidine can effectively reduce pain and/or hypersensitivity. However, the antihypersensitivity effects of clonidine topically applied in cream (CC) have not been investigated. The authors evaluated effects of topical application of CC on pain behaviors and spinal Fos-like immunoreactivity in rats with hypersensitivity. Methods: Clonidine (30, 100, and 300 (cid:1) g/g) was prepared in a cream base. In rat models of neuropathic pain, inﬂammatory pain, and postoperative pain, the authors evaluated effects of CC (0.1 g), topically applied onto the plantar surface of the injured or uninjured paw, on thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia to von Frey ﬁlaments. The authors also evaluated effects of CC on lumbar spinal Fos-like immunoreactivity. Results: In neuropathic rats, CC applied onto the injured paw reduced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia dose dependently, whereas CC applied onto the uninjured paw had no effect. The antihypersensitivity effects of CC were antagonized by intraperitoneal yohimbine (10 mg/kg). Further, CC reduced Fos-like immunoreactivity in neuropathic rats. In con-trast, CC in a single dose had no effects on hyperalgesia, allodynia, or Fos-like immunoreactivity in rats with inﬂammatory or postoperative pain. In rats with postoperative pain, CC repeatedly applied for 6 days reduced thermal hyperalgesia, but not mechanical allodynia, in the postoperative days, whereas it had no effects on hyperalgesia or allodynia in those with inﬂammatory pain. Conclusions: Topical CC in concentrations examined signiﬁcantly reduced hypersensitivity and lumbar spinal Fos-like immunoreactivity in rats with neuropathic pain, probably through activation of peripherally located (cid:2) 2 adrenoceptors. However, CC was only partially effective and totally ineffective in rats with postoperative pain and inﬂammatory pain, respectively.
Engineering Fracture Mechanics Accurate configuration force evaluation via hp-adaptive discontinuous Galerkin finite element analysis

Engineers require accurate determination of the configurational force at the crack tip, and cor- responding stress intensity factors, for fracture fatigue analysis and accurate crack propagation. However, obtaining highly accurate crack tip configuration force values is challenging with methods requiring knowledge of the stress field around the crack tip a priori . This paper proposes a method which aims to remove the necessity of knowing the stress field a priori whilst producing very accurate values of the configurational force at a static crack tip. The proposed method is demonstrated to be path independent and is combined with a robust a posteriori residual error estimator which is indicative of the accuracy of the configurational force calculation. This makes it possible to generate accurate values for the configurational force acting both perpendicular and parallel to the crack edges. Accuracies are achieved which are at least 10 4 times more accurate than other numerical methods which make no assumption about the local tip stress field. Therefore accurate benchmarks are determined in this paper for inclined, split and tree crack problems. In addition the new method is shown to obtain very similar values for the config- urational force compared to results obtained using other methods which require knowledge of the stress field at the crack tip. The techniques presented in this paper open the door to con- figurational force-based methods being used for fatigue analysis.
Abusive supervision and task performance: The moderating role of feedback seeking behavior*

81 * This research was supported by the Institute of Management Research and the Institute of Industrial Relations, Seoul National University ** Doctoral Student. College of Business Administration. Seoul National University (wisdom0405@snu.ac.kr) *** Doctoral Student. College of Business Administration. Seoul National University **** Professor. College of Business Administration. Seoul National University (ospark@snu.ac.kr) Abusive supervision and task performance: The moderating role of feedback seeking behavior*
Full Review New developments concerning the proximal tubule in diabetic nephropathy: in vitro models and mechanisms

The incidence of Type 2 diabetes is increasing rapidly worldwide, and understanding the mechanisms of its complications including diabetic nephropathy (DN) is important in the discovery of early biomarkers, understanding the causative mechanisms of its complications and identifying therapeutic targets. DN is characterized by glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial ﬁ brosis and tubular atrophy. The tubular component of the disease is important in progression of disease. In vitro models are a valuable alternative to animal studies and an effective way to explore mechanisms of human disease. Several proximal tubular cell lines have been used in studying mechanisms of DN. Key extracellular conditions that contribute to damage to the proximal tubule in DN include hyperglycaemia, proteinuria, and hypoxia and in ﬂ ammation. According to current knowledge, these exert their effects through changes in transforming growth factor beta signalling, the renin – angiotensin system, dys-regulation of pathways such as the polyol pathway, hexosamine pathway and protein kinase C pathway and through formation of advanced glycation end products. Studies in cell culture models have been instrumental in the delineation of these processes. However, all of the existing cell culture models have limitations including dedifferentiation. To bring research forward along with technological advances, such as major advances in ‘ omics ’ methodologies, a more suitable model is necessary. The RPTEC/ TERT1 cell line is a promising alternative to previous proximal tubular epithelial cell lines due to features that resemble the cell type in vivo , such as its epithelial characteristics, maintenance of functional capabilities, glucose handling, expression of the primary cilium and transport activity including albumin. This cell line will facilitate identi ﬁ cation of mechanisms of DN with potential to identify new therapeutic targets.
Identi¢cation of a gene coding for a deglycosylating enzyme in Hypocreajecorina

An enzyme with mannosyl glycoprotein endo- N -acetyl- b - D -glucosaminidase (ENGase)-type activity was partially puriﬁed from the extracellular medium of the mould Hypocrea jecorina ( Trichoderma reesei ). Internal peptides were gener-ated and used to identify the gene in the T. reesei genome. The active enzyme is processed both at the N- and at the C-terminus. High-mannose-type glycoproteins are good substrates, whereas complex-type glycans are not hydrolysed. The enzyme represents the ﬁrst fungal member of glycoside hydrolase family 18 with ENGase-type activity. Bacterial ENGases and the fungal chitinases belonging to the same family show very low homology with Endo T. Database searches identify several highly homologous genes in fungi and the activity is also found within other Trichoderma species. This ENGase activity, not coregulated with cellulase production, could be responsible for the extensive N -deglycosylation observed for several T. reesei cellulases.
P More Insight on Charcterization of Nano-sized Particles of Silver Powder and their Application in Antimicrobial Wound Dressing and Anti-inflammatory Efficacy

OWDERED silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was successfully ……. prepared.through addition of AgNO 3 to alkali dissolved starch. The latter was used as eco-friendly biopolymers which played the dual role as reducing and stabilizing agent followed by precipitation with ethyl alcohol. The as prepared AgNPs powders have the smallest size (12-22nm), polydispersity (0.163) as well as zeta potential (-28mv) indicating higher surface area, the highly distributed nanoparticles as well as long-term stability of their product. These powdered AgNPs were re-dispersed in distilled water and diluted to different concentrations (250, 125 and 60 ppm). The diluted solution of AgNPs was applied to cotton fabrics as per the pad-dry-cure technique. The antimicrobial, wound healing, anti-inflammatory as well as toxicity of cotton fabrics loaded with these three different concentrations of AgNPs colloidal solution were evaluated. AgNPs in three different states, viz., in the powder form, in aqueous solution and deposited onto cotton fabrics were characterized using the world-class facilities such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Particle size analyzer, Polydispersity index (PdI), Zeta potential (ZP) and Scanning Electron Microscopy connected with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Cotton fabrics containing 250 ppm AgNPs were more effective against different
Children’s respiratory infections in Tianjin, China: associations with home environments and life styles CURRENT STATUS:

Background : Children spend most of their indoors time at home. This study is to identify the incidences of respiratory infections among children and their associations with home environments and life styles. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify the associations of home environments and lifestyles with respiratory infections among children aged 0-8 in the Tianjin area, China. Results: The lifetime-ever incidences of croup, tuberculosis (TB), pneumonia and ear infection among children aged 0-8 in Tianjin area was 9.2%, 0.7%, 28.7% and 11.6%. The incidence of common cold infections more than twice per year was 31.3%. Home environment and life styles were strong risk factors for childhood respiratory infections. Dry air perception had the greatest associations with childhood pneumonia (PAF=14.6%) and common cold (16.8%), while Cesarean delivery had the greatest association with croup (18.7%) and ear infection (18.5%). Daycare attendance accounted for 14.4% of the incidence of frequent common colds. Infrequent sun-curing bedding is a risk factor associated with pneumonia (11.2%), ear infection (17.1%) and frequent common colds (8.6%). Conclusions: Factors related to “modern” home environments and life styles are risks for childhood respiratory infections. Modifying such factors might reduce the respiratory infections among children.
MOLECULAR GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GASTRIC CANCERS FROM THE SURGEON’S POINT OF VIEW

A study on the expression of oncoproteins in stomach` carcinomas, has been turned into a real research basically due to the abundance of results and their comprehensive interpretations. The study carried out on the abdominal onco-surgical department of Odessa Regional Oncology Center, included a study of 188 patients operated on for gastric cancer (GC) between 2007-2011. In all cases was performed the so-called lymphadenectomy for the principal reason of extensive preventive biopsy of visually unchanged lymph nodes. We spend a multivariate analysis of interactions between the expression of oncoproteins p53, VEGFR-3, erbB2, Ki67 and micro involvement of tumor vasculature (ly, v), the local growth (T), the presence of residual tumor tissue (the R), the degree of tumor differentiation (the G) the degree of regional lymph nodes involvement (N) and type of infiltration (Inf α , β , Inf Υ ).
Edinburgh Explorer Variation in recombination frequency and distribution across eukaryotes

21 Recombination, the exchange of DNA between maternal and paternal chromosomes during 22 meiosis, is an essential feature of sexual reproduction in nearly all multi-cellular organisms. 23 While the role of recombination in the evolution of sex has received theoretical and 24 empirical attention, less is known about how recombination rate itself evolves and what 25 influence this has on evolutionary processes within sexually reproducing organisms. Here, 26 we explore the patterns of, and processes governing recombination in Eukaryotes. We 27 summarise patterns of variation, integrating current knowledge with analysis of linkage map 28 data in 353 organisms. We then discuss proximate and ultimate processes governing 29 recombination rate variation and consider how these influence evolutionary processes. 30 Genome-wide recombination (cM/Mb) rates can vary more than 10-fold across Eukaryotes, 31 and there is large variation in the distribution of recombination events across closely related 32 taxa, populations and individuals. We discuss how variation in rate and distribution relates 33 to genome architecture, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, sex, environmental 34 perturbations and variable selective pressures. There has been great progress in 35 determining the molecular mechanisms governing recombination, and with the continued 36 development of new modelling and empirical approaches there is now also great 37 opportunity to further our understanding of how and why recombination rate varies. 38 39 40 41 42 43
β-Cyclodextrin as an Ionophore for Membrane Electrode β -Cyclodextrin as an Ionophore for Membrane Electrode

This chapter included an explanation of the role of cyclodextrin as an ionophore for the preparation of voltammetric and potentiometric sensors for different compounds. There was a surveying of the different recorded cyclodextrin-based sensors for drug, organic, or inorganic cations. It also explained the performance characteristics for the first reported sensor for nickel based on β -cyclodextrin as an example.
MicroRNA-155 Is Regulated by the Transforming Growth Factor (cid:2) /Smad Pathway and Contributes to Epithelial Cell Plasticity by Targeting RhoA (cid:1)

Transforming growth factor (cid:1) (TGF- (cid:1) ) signaling facilitates metastasis in advanced malignancy. While a number of protein-encoding genes are known to be involved in this process, information on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in TGF- (cid:1) -induced cell migration and invasion is still limited. By hybridizing a 515-miRNA oligonucleotide-based microarray library, a total of 28 miRNAs were found to be signiﬁcantly dereg- ulated in TGF- (cid:1) -treated normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) epithelial cells but not Smad4 knockdown NMuMG cells. Among upregulated miRNAs, miR-155 was the most signiﬁcantly elevated miRNA. TGF- (cid:1) induces miR-155 expression and promoter activity through Smad4. The knockdown of miR-155 suppressed TGF- (cid:1) -induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tight junction dissolution, as well as cell migration and invasion. Further, the ectopic expression of miR-155 reduced RhoA protein and disrupted tight junction formation. Reintroducing RhoA cDNA without the 3 (cid:1) untranslated region largely reversed the phenotype induced by miR-155 and TGF- (cid:1) . In addition, elevated levels of miR-155 were frequently detected in invasive breast cancer tissues. These data suggest that miR-155 may play an important role in TGF- (cid:1) -induced EMT and cell migration and invasion by targeting RhoA and indicate that it is a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer intervention. stably transfected pcDNA6.2-GW/miR-155 pcDNA6.2-GW/miR-control vector Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen). selection with blasticidin, clonal cell and examined for the expression of miR-155 by Northern analysis. luciferase reporter assay. RhoA putative ligated and full-length RhoA gene primers amplify (cid:4) UTR RhoA a mouse cDNA library: (cid:4) digested pMIR-REPORT (Ambion)
University of Birmingham Independent sets, matchings, and occupancy fractions

We prove tight upper bounds on the logarithmic derivative of the independence and matching polynomials of d -regular graphs. For independent sets, this theorem is a strengthening of the results of Kahn, Galvin and Tetali, and Zhao showing that a union of copies of K d,d maximizes the number of independent sets and the independence polynomial of a d -regular graph. For matchings, this shows that the matching polynomial and the total number of matchings of a d -regular graph are maximized by a union of copies of K d,d . Using this we prove the asymptotic upper matching conjecture of Friedland, Krop, Lundow, and Markstr¨om. In probabilistic language, our main theorems state that for all d -regular graphs and all λ , the occupancy fraction of the hard-core model and the edge occupancy fraction of the monomer-dimer model with fugacity λ are maximized by K d,d . Our method involves constrained optimization problems over distributions of random variables and applies to all d -regular graphs directly, without a reduction to the bipartite case.
of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak of ‘vaccinated’: An observational case-control study of Covid-19 breakthrough infections in medical college students at Rural Medical College, India

The need for better awareness of covid appropriate methods as an alternative to and additive to vaccination is necessary to control the transmission of Covid infection and decrease the disease severity. Vaccines are effective against preventing severe disease and possibly mortality. The use of serum anti-spike covid IgG is restricted to know the status of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion. STUDY SUBJECTS : A total of 74 students studying at BKL Walawalkar rural medical college, Dervan, Maharashtra, India, who were all vaccinated for Covid 19 infection in March and April 2021(first dose of vaccine) were included in the study. All the students who tested positive for Covid 19 by RT-PCR with/without clinical symptomatology and at least one dose of Covid vaccination were selected as cases. Similarly, all the RT-PCR negative tested students with no clinical symptomatology and with a history of at least one dose of vaccination were selected as controls. For finding out the best matching controls, we briefed the cases about the study design and asked them to choose the best matching control based on the contact time between them and amongst their peers. The study included 35 cases and 39 controls. Case record forms (CRF) were prepared to gather the following information:
Prevalence and associated risk factors of ectoparasite infections of cultured fish species in the West region of Cameroon

There is expansion of the fishery sector in Cameroon but there is dearth of information on the distribution, magnitude and risks of freshwater fish diseases in the country. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of ectoparasites on cultured fishes in West Cameroon. The external surfaces of 2254 randomly selected fishes (692 Clarias gariepinus , 969 Oreochromis nilotichus, 593 Cyprinus carpio) were examined using standard parasitological procedures. The results showed that 34.9% of sampled fishes were infected with ectoparasites including Crustaceans (12.0%) , Monogeneans (15.8%) and Protozoans (15.8%). The prevalence was higher (p<0.05) in Cyprinus carpio compared to Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus species. Female and large fishes were most infected (p<0.05) compared to male and small fishes. The study revealed mixed and high prevalence of ectoparasite infections of cultured fish species in West region of Cameroon and fish species, sex and size were the major risk factors.
ICASH-A45 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL KNOWLEDGE ON EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING IN CIPAYUNG SUB-DISTRICT, DEPOK CITY, INDONESIA

Background : Exclusive breastfeeding practice during six-months could reduce morbidity and mortality of mother and infant. This study aims to examine the sociodemographic characteristics as the the factors associated with knowledge among six-months exclusively breastfeeding mothers in Cipayung Sub-District, Depok City, Indonesia. Methods : This was a cross-sectional collected from 122 mothers with six-months exclusively breastfeeding. The participants selected through purposive sampling in Cipayung Sub-District in year 2017. Results : Only 80% mothers exclusively breastfeeding for six months. More than half mothers (59%) had high educational level, advance and tertiary. Most of mothers (91%) were unemployed. Approximately 22.1% mothers had high status of social economic. Eighty-two percent mothers who have children more than one. Six-months exclusively breastfeeding mothers who had high educational level were more likely has high knowledge than those with low educational level (p=0.010; OR=2.85; CI95%=1.34-6.06). Mothers who had low educational level were 2.85 times higher risk to have low maternal knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding compared with high educational level. Conclusions : Knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers was significantly associated to educational level. Interventions emphasizing practical education should therefore be targeted at addressing factors that associated knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding.
Field Investigation and Economic Beneﬁt of a Novel Method of Silver Application to Ceramic Water Filters for Point-Of-Use Water Treatment in Low-Income Settings

: In this study, we report on ﬁeld testing of ceramic water ﬁlters (CWFs) fabricated using a new method of silver application (using silver nitrate as a raw material) compared to conventionally manufactured CWFs (fabricated with silver nanoparticles). Both types of ﬁlters were manufactured at the PureMadi ceramic ﬁlter production facility in Dertig, South Africa. Thirty households received ﬁlters fabricated with silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ), and ten of those households were given an extra ﬁlter fabricated with silver nanoparticles. Filter performance was quantiﬁed by measurement of total coliform and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) removal and silver residual concentration in the efﬂuent. Silver-nitrate CWFs had removal efﬁciencies for total coliforms and E. coli of 95% and 99%, respectively. A comparison of the performance of silver-nitrate and silver-nanoparticle ﬁlters showed that the different ﬁlters had similar levels of total coliform and E. coli removal, although the silver nitrate ﬁlters produced the highest average removal of 97% while silver nanoparticles ﬁlters recorded an average removal of 85%. Average efﬂuent silver levels were below 10 ppb for the silver-nitrate and silver-nanoparticle ﬁlters, which was signiﬁcantly below the Environmental Protection Agencies of the United States (EPA) and World Health Organization (WHO) secondary guidelines of 100 ppb. Silver-nitrate ﬁlters resulted in the lowest efﬂuent silver concentrations, which could potentially increase the effective life span of the ﬁlter. A cost analysis shows that it is more economical to produce CWFs using silver nitrate due to a reduction in raw-material costs and reduced labor costs for production. Furthermore, the production of silver-nitrate ﬁlters reduces inhalation exposure of silver by workers. The results obtained from this study will be applied to improve the ceramic ﬁltration technology as a point-of-use (POU) water treatment device and hence reduce health problems associated with microbial contamination of water stored at the household level. factor contributing to the high removal efﬁciency of E. coli by the CWFs made with silver nitrate could also be linked to the contact time with silver during storage [38]. Van der Laan et al. [40] carried out a study to determine the role of silver during ﬁltration and subsequent storage. Results showed that storage time in the receptacle contributed to the inactivation of E. coli by silver, to a great extent. The study concluded that water storage time after ﬁltration determined E. coli inactivation efﬁcacies rather than CWF characteristics such as sawdust and clay.