Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Saving after retirement and preferences for residual wealth

We use administrative data for Norway to estimate an incomplete-market life-cycle model of retired singles and couples with a bequest motive, health-dependent utility, and uncertain longevity and health. We allow the parameters of the bequest utility to di ff er between households with and without o ff spring. Our estimates imply a very strong utility of residual wealth (bequest motive), in line with the estimates by Lockwood (2018). The bequest motive accounts for approximately three-quarters of aggregate wealth at age 85. More surprisingly, we estimate similar utility of residual wealth for households with and without o ff spring. We interpret this as, prima facie , evidence that the utility of residual wealth represents forces beyond an altruistic bequest motive.
Assessing Depth Perception in Virtual Environments: A Comprehensive Framework

Understanding humans’ perception of depth and how they interact with virtual environments is a challenging task. This context involves investigating how features of these environments affect depth perception, which is crucial for tasks like object manipulation and navigation that require interpreting spatial information. This article presents a comprehensive (general, extensible and flexible) framework to assess depth perception in different virtual environments to support the development of more effective and immersive virtual experiences. This approach can assist developers in decision-making regarding different approaches for assessing depth perception in virtual environments, considering stereoscopic and monoscopic techniques for visualization. The framework considers parameters such as the distance between the user and virtual objects and the sizes of virtual objects. Metrics such as hit rate, response time, and presence questionnaire responses were utilized to assess depth perception. The previous experiments are presented (anaglyph and shutter glasses), as well as the new experiments, considering cave environments with and without anaglyph glasses.
Social Networks in Improving the Learning Achievement of Zoning Pathway Students

Zoning policies create associations of students with different academic abilities and school backgrounds. The focus of this research is on zonal pathway students who have experienced improvements in terms of cognitive aspects and explains the problem of social networks in increasing the grades of zonal pathway students. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach to examine the issues raised. The research subjects were determined using a purposive sampling technique, namely 12th-grade MIPA students. The research results explain that students have similar social network patterns among each other. Increasing student learning outcomes is dominated by peer group interaction within and outside the school environment. In this way, peers trigger or motivate students to improve learning outcomes.
Aggregation of slightly buoyant microplastics in 3D vortex flows

Abstract. Although the movement and aggregation of microplastics at the ocean surface have been well studied, less is known about the subsurface. Within the Maxey–Riley framework governing the movement of small, rigid spheres with high drag in fluid, the aggregation of buoyant particles is encouraged in vorticity-dominated regions. We explore this process in an idealized model that is qualitatively reminiscent of a 3D eddy with an azimuthal and overturning circulation. In the axially symmetric state, buoyant spherical particles that do not accumulate at the top boundary are attracted to a loop consisting of periodic orbits. Such a loop exists when drag on the particle is sufficiently strong. For small, slightly buoyant particles, this loop is located close to the periodic fluid parcel trajectory. If the symmetric flow is perturbed by a symmetry-breaking disturbance, additional attractors for small, rigid, slightly buoyant particles may arise near periodic orbits of fluid parcels within the resonance zones created by the disturbance. Disturbances with periodic or quasiperiodic time dependence may produce even more attractors, with a shape and location that recurs periodically. However, not all such loops attract, and rigid particles released in the vicinity of one loop may instead be attracted to a nearby attractor. Examples are presented along with mappings of the respective basins of attraction.
Inferring reservoir operating patterns across the Mekong Basin using only space observations

This study explores the operating pattern of artificial reservoirs by examining their impact on streamflow through two parameters, residence time and flow alteration, using a purely satellite‐based technique for the Mekong Basin. Overall residence times of individual reservoirs ranged from 0.09 to 4.04 years, while streamflow was altered between 11 and 130% of its natural variability. The current set of reservoirs appears to have increased the residence time of the entire Mekong basin by about 1 month. However, if subbasin variability is considered, the satellite‐based method depicts a different picture. Residence time increases to 4 months when only regulated flows are considered. If low residence time reservoirs on major rivers are excluded and reservoirs on higher stream‐order rivers considered, residence time increases to 1.3 years. Predictable strong seasonal patterns emerged in residence time, where reservoirs experience higher residence time in the dry season and lower residence time in the wet season and residence time varies inversely with precipitation. High variability in reservoir effects on streamflow between reservoirs could not be explained by any reservoir properties (e.g., size, use, location, etc.), highlighting the variability in the human decisions operating these reservoirs. The take‐home message of this study is that satellite observations, in combination with physical models forced with satellite data, can elucidate the spatiotemporal variability of reservoir behavior in ungauged basins of the developing world. We demonstrate in this study that the requirement for ground data to monitor current or historical behavior of dams is not necessary.
STEM Pedagogical Content Knowledge Scale (STEMPCK): A Validity and Reliability Study

The aim of this study was to develop the STEM Pedagogical Content Knowledge Scale (STEMPCK Scale). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the structural validity of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis of the scale was conducted using data from 443 preservice teachers who were studying to become science teachers, preschool teachers, elementary school teachers, and mathematics teachers. The confirmatory factor analysis of the scale was conducted using data from 212 students who were enrolled in the same departments. The scale was administered to 655 preservice teachers in total. To determine the reliability of the scale, the Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency coefficient, the corrected total item correlation, and the significance of the differences between the item averages of the top 27% and bottom 27% were examined by t-test. According to the results obtained, the STEMPCK Scale consists of six factors: 21st-Century Skills, Pedagogical Knowledge, Mathematics, Science, Engineering, and Technology. The scale included 56 items. The Cronbach’s Alpha values of the factors ranged from 0.878 to 0.90, and the corrected item total score correlations ranged from 0.306 to 0.895. The results of the t-test showed that all the differences between the mean scores of the top 27% and bottom 27% on the items were significant. The results of the analyses indicate that the instrument has reasonable internal consistency and that the theoretical structure was supported by empirical data. These results indicate that the STEMPCK Scale is an appropriate tool for measuring preservice teachers’ STEM pedagogical content knowledge. Implications and suggestions for further studies are included.
Role of Immunotherapy in Sarcomas

Sarcomas are a group of malignancies of mesenchymal origin with a plethora of subtypes. Given the sheer heterogeneity of various subtypes and the rarity of the disease, the management of sarcomas has been challenging, with poor patient outcomes. Surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy have remained the backbone of treatment in patients with sarcoma. The introduction of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of various solid and hematological malignancies. In this review, we discuss the basics of immunotherapy and the immune microenvironment in sarcomas; various modalities of immunotherapy, like immune checkpoint blockade, oncolytic viruses, cancer-targeted antibodies, vaccine therapy; and adoptive cell therapies like CAR T-cell therapy, T-cell therapy, and TCR therapy.
An Analysis of Factors Affecting Brand Loyalty to E-Commerce Users Mediated by Brand Trust

This study aimed to analyze the factors that influence brand loyalty, and the role of brand trust as an intervening variable in E-Commerce users. Two hundred and fifty (250) respondents participated in the sample data collection. The results of this study found that brand trust and brand image did not affect brand trust. Brand positioning, customer satisfaction, and brand awareness had a significant effect on brand trust. And, brand trust had a significant effect on brand loyalty.
Experimental Investigations of Debris Dynamics over a Horizontal Plane

Abstract This study presents the results of an experimental research program dealing with spatial debris motion on a horizontal apron depicting a typical harbor wharf. Accordingly, scaled-down 6.1-m (20-ft) shipping containers were equipped with a novel yet nonintrusive real-time tracking system and motion sensors. The instrumentation allowed for the spatiotemporal tracking of debris specimens moving across the apron while entrained by an incoming tsunami-like broken bore. The system proved its capabilities and accuracy; this was particularly challenging since this was the first time the system was used in water. The experiments involved using various numbers of shipping containers that were either arranged in one layer or stacked in two layers. In addition, the effect of different numbers of container rows was also investigated to study the influence of the overall container count and placement with respect to their longitudinal displacement and dispersion (spreading) across the apron. Linear relationshi.
The Lower Jurassic Hanson Formation of the Transantarctic Mountains: implications for the Antarctic sector of the Gondwana plate margin

Abstract The Hanson Formation, Antarctica, consists of interbedded sandstones and tuffaceous rocks of Early Jurassic age. The sandstones, pebbly to medium-grained, range between quartzo-feldspathic and volcaniclastic, with some of the former being coarse-grained arkoses that imply proximal sources. Geochronology of detrital zircons provides evidence for source rock ages, whereas sandstone petrology demonstrates a mixed provenance. Tuffaceous strata are reworked fine to very fine-grained tuffs resulting from distal Plinian eruptions. Dated tuffs provide time constraints on the duration of volcanism. The sandstones and tuffs accumulated in a rift environment. Geochemically the tuffs are rhyolitic in composition, and the Sr and Nd isotope data together with the patterns on multi-element diagrams suggest they were derived from a volcanic arc, which is interpreted to have been located along the West Antarctic Gondwana margin. The silicic volcanism extends the distribution and timing of magmatism in the Early Jurassic along that margin. The Early Jurassic extensional regime was delimited by the plate margin region and the East Antarctic craton. The rift valley system along the East Antarctic craton margin, in which the Hanson strata accumulated, was the focus for subsequent emplacement of the intrusive and extrusive rocks of the Lower Jurassic Ferrar Large Igneous Province. The Early Jurassic extensional rifts may have been reactivated during Cretaceous–Cenozoic development of the West Antarctic Rift System.
How Can We Improve the Tumor Response to Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer?

Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (pCRT) followed by total mesorectal excision is the accepted standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. The purpose of pCRT is to prevent the spread of viable tumor cells within the local area during surgical procedures. Additionally, pCRT can facilitate the resection of locally advanced tumors that are otherwise challenging to remove, thereby enabling a radical resection. Although a pathologic complete response is observed in fewer than 20% of patients, the reasons for the variability in tumor response to pCRT are not fully understood. Several techniques have been researched with the aim of improving the tumor response to pCRT. These techniques include intensifying or combining chemotherapy, either simultaneously or sequentially, increasing radiation dose, modifying radiation mode or schedule, adjusting the interval between radiation and surgery, and incorporating multiple agents to increase the efficacy of pCRT. This review discusses various strategies that may improve tumor response outcomes following pCRT.
Evaluation of vertical transport in ERA5 and ERA-Interim reanalysis using high-altitude aircraft measurements in the Asian summer monsoon 2017

Abstract. During the Asian monsoon season, greenhouse gases and pollution emitted near the ground are rapidly uplifted by convection up to an altitude of ∼ 13 km, with slower ascent and mixing with the stratospheric background above. Here, we address the robustness of the representation of these transport processes in different reanalysis data sets using ERA5, ERA-Interim and ERA5 1∘×1∘. This transport assessment includes the mean age of air from global three-dimensional simulations by the Lagrangian transport model CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere), as well as different trajectory-based transport times and associated ascent rates compared with observation-based age of air and ascent rates of long-lived trace gases from airborne measurements during the Asian summer monsoon 2017 in Nepal. Our findings confirm that the ERA5 reanalysis yields a better representation of convection than ERA-Interim, resulting in different transport times and air mass origins at the Earth's surface. In the Asian monsoon region above 430 K, the mean age of air driven by ERA-Interim is too young, whereas the mean age of air from ERA5 1∘×1∘ is too old but somewhat closer to the observations. The mean effective ascent rates derived from ERA5 and ERA5 1∘×1∘ back trajectories are in good agreement with the observation-based mean ascent rates, unlike ERA-Interim, which is much faster above 430 K. Although a reliable CO2 reconstruction is a challenge for model simulations, we show that, up to 410 K, the CO2 reconstruction using ERA5 agrees best with high-resolution in situ aircraft CO2 measurements, indicating a better representation of Asian monsoon transport in the newest ECMWF reanalysis product, ERA5.
Citizen-peasants: modernity, international relations and the problem of difference in Tanzania

A running difficulty in African Studies (and beyond) is the need to reconcile modernity with difference, arising in attempts to account for the impact of colonialism as well as unequal international relations without lapsing into erasure of the manifold realities of African difference. Identifying the peasant vis-a-vis modernity as a salient instance of the problem, this thesis proffers a historical sociology of post-colonial Tanzania, where Julius Nyerere insisted that ‘If Marx were born in Tanzania he would have written the Arusha Declaration’. In saying so he was, in effect, pointing to the need, both programmatic and intellectual, to reconcile modernity and peasant-difference. Drawing upon international relations and the framework of uneven & combined development in particular, modernity is theorised as a process of fission whilst the peasant is cast as a protean subject thereof; the promised reconciliation can be achieved by rendering each as interactive. Building on this framework the main body of the thesis proceeds, encountering and engaging with the peasant-modernity problem along the way, to show the historical process by which a ‘citizen-peasant’ social form emerged as combined development; an intellectual manoeuvre, moreover, that serves to conclude the reconciliation of ‘Marx’ with ‘Arusha’. Chapters 1 and 2 establish the terrain and Chapter 3 supplies the methodological framework. Thereafter Chapter 4 sets out an account of the unevenness confronting Tanzania in the 1960s, linking that to its international relations in general and with China in particular to establish a pattern of interaction that Chapter 5 builds upon, revealing the Arusha Declaration as the starting point of a historical process from which the citizen-peasant arose, which is the key to the thesis as a whole. Chapter 6 completes the argument, pointing to the entrenchment of that form beyond its origins in the era of Nyerere’s ‘African Socialism’ taking the account up to the conclusion of the 20th century. Chapter 7 concludes, reflecting on the implications of the argument for the contemporary conjuncture.
Co-effects of COVID-19 and Meteorology on PM2.5 Decrease in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: A Comparison of 2016–2019 and 2020–2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) measures during 2020 – 2021 may lead to a downward trend of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentrations in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), which is one of the most air-polluted cities in Vietnam. This study aimed to compare PM 2.5 variations during the COVID-19 period (2020 – 2021) with a short-term trend of PM 2.5 (2016 – 2019) in HCMC in conjunction with meteorological conditions. Five fixed-site locations were chosen to monitor PM 2.5 concentrations by using low-cost particulate matter sensors (Purple Air II-SD) in five urban districts of HCMC from December 2019 to March 2021. This study also collected hourly PM 2.5 concentrations from the United States Consulate General HCMC and meteorological variables (i.e., wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, and relative humidity) from the weather station at Tan Son Nhat International Airport, 2016 – 2021. PM 2.5 concentrations of the COVID-19 period in HCMC were notably less than those of the 2016 – 2019 period by 18%. However, about half of the days during this period still had daily PM 2.5 concentrations exceeding the World Health Organization's standard of 15 µ g m – 3 . Besides the impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on the PM 2.5 decrease, noticeable co-effects of meteorological variables on the decline of PM 2.5 in HCMC were also observed in the rainy season and with the west-south-west monsoon wind direction. Wind speed and air temperature substantially contributed to PM 2.5 reductions in Bayesian multiple linear regression models. In conclusion, the large decrease of PM 2.5 concentrations during the unprecedented period of COVID-19 pandemic gave us a better chance to more fully comprehend the PM 2.5 pollution status in HCMC for future reference.
How Deep Learning and Neural Networks can Improve Prosthetics and Exoskeletons: A Review of State-of-the-Art Methods and Challenges

Deep learning and neural networks are powerful computational methods that have been widely applied in various fields, such as healthcare and robotics. In this paper, we review some of the recent research studies that use deep learning and neural networks in healthcare and robotics, particularly focusing on their application in prosthetics and exoskeletons. The main source of data for this review is Scopus, which is a large and multidisciplinary database of peer-reviewed literature. The search criteria for this review are exoskeleton AND prosthetic AND deep AND learning. The search is limited to documents published from 2014 to 2023, as this period covers the recent developments and trends in the field4. The search results in 488 documents that match the criteria. We selected 20 papers that represent the state-of-the-art methods and applications of deep learning and neural networks in prosthetics and exoskeletons. We categorized these papers by various attributes, such as document type, subject area, sensor type, respondent, condition, etc. The main finding of this paper was that deep learning techniques and neural networks have diverse and transformative potential in healthcare and robotics, especially in the development and improvement of prosthetics and exoskeletons. The paper highlighted how these advanced computational methods can be harnessed to interpret complex biological signals, improve device functionality, enhance user safety, and ultimately improve quality of life for individuals using these devices. The paper also identified some possible future directions for this topic, such as exploring the impact of deep learning techniques and neural networks on the performance, usability, and user satisfaction of prosthetics and exoskeletons. This paper provided a valuable insight into the current state-of-the-art and future prospects of deep learning techniques and neural networks in healthcare and robotics
MRI-visible enlarged perivascular spaces in basal ganglia rather than centrum semiovale was associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Background The subarachnoid space is continuous with the perivascular compartment in the central nervous system. However, whether the topography and severity of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) correlates with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains unknown. Based on the underlying arteriopathy distributions, we hypothesized that EPVS in basal ganglia (BG-EPVS) are more closely associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) than other SAH without aneurysm. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 271 consecutive SAH survivors with and without aneurysm were analyzed for EPVS and other markers of imaging data. In the subgroup analysis, we compared the clinical characteristics and EPVS of SAH participants with and without pre-existing known risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and smoking history) using multivariable logistic regression. Results Patients with aSAH (n = 195) had a higher severity of BG-EPVS and centrum semiovale EPVS (CSO-EPVS) than those without aneurysm (n = 76). Importantly, BG-EPVS predominance pattern (BG-EPVS>CSO-EPVS) only existed in aSAH survivors rather than other SAH without aneurysm. In the subgroup analysis, interestingly, we also found that a high degree of BG-EPVS showed an independent relationship with aSAH in patients without pre-existing risk factors (e.g., hypertension). Conclusion In this cohort study, BG-EPVS predominance pattern was associated with aSAH patients compared with those without aneurysm. Moreover, BG-EPVS still showed a strong association with aSAH survivors without pre-existing vascular risk factors. Our present study suggested the BG-EPVS as a potential MRI-visible characteristic would shed light on the pathogenesis of glymphatic function at the skull base for aSAH.