Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rain Ingestion in Axial Flow Compressors at Part Speed

New experimental work is reported on the effects of water ingestion on the performance of an axial flow compressor. The background to the work is the effect that heavy rain has on an aeroengine compressor when operating in a "descent idle" mode, i.e., when the compressor is operating at part speed and when the aeromechanical effects of water ingestion are more important than the thermodynamic effects. Most of our existing knowledge in this field comes from whole engine tests. The current work provides the first known results from direct measurements on a stand-alone compressor. The influence of droplet size on path trajectory is considered both computationally and experimentally to show that most rain droplets will collide with the first row of rotor blades. The water on the blades is then centrifuged toward the casing where the normal airflow patterns in the vicinity of the rotor tips are disrupted. The result of this disruption is a reduction in compressor delivery pressure and an increase in the torque required to keep the compressor speed constant. Both effects reduce the efficiency of the machine. The behavior of the water in the blade rows is examined in detail, and simple models are proposed to explain the loss of pressure rise and the increase in torque. The measurements were obtained in a low speed compressor, making it possible to study the mechanical (increase in torque) and aerodynamic (reduction in pressure rise) effects of water ingestion without the added complication of thermodynamic effects. Copyright © 2008 by ASME.
Neogene stratigraphic architecture and tectonic evolution of the Mejillones Peninsula (northern Chile) based on a new 1:50,000 geological map

1 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita degli Studi di Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 1 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy. Email addresses:claudio.dicelma@unicam.it;gino.cantalamessa@unicam.it 2 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita degli Studi di Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, Pisa, Italy. Email addresses: ragaini@dst.unipi. it; landini@dst.unipi. it 3 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Via La Pira 1, Firenze, Italy. Email address : gvalleri@geo.unifi . it
Analysis of surface waves using orthogonal functions

A simple noniterative method using an orthonormal basis for expressing field distributions has been developed for obtaining surface‐wave solutions in piezoelectric crystals. Velocity and field distributions are obtained for YZ LiNbO3 that agree with earlier works. The boundary conditions are incorporated in a manner that is easily adapted to layered structures. Dispersion curves are obtained for surface waves in LiTaO3 with a SiO2 layer at the surface; the results are in good agreement with those published earlier.
Computing Social Value Conversion in the Human Brain

Social signals play powerful roles in shaping self-oriented reward valuation and decision making. These signals activate social and valuation/decision areas, but the core computation for their integration into the self-oriented decision machinery remains unclear. Here, we study how a fundamental social signal, social value (others' reward value), is converted into self-oriented decision making in the human brain. Using behavioral analysis, modeling, and neuroimaging, we show three-stage processing of social value conversion from the offer to the effective value and then to the final decision value. First, a value of others' bonus on offer, called offered value, was encoded uniquely in the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) and also in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (ldlPFC), which is commonly activated by offered self-bonus value. The effective value, an intermediate value representing the effective influence of the offer on the decision, was represented in the right anterior insula (rAI), and the final decision value was encoded in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Second, using psychophysiological interaction and dynamic causal modeling analyses, we demonstrated three-stage feedforward processing from the rTPJ and ldPFC to the rAI and then from rAI to the mPFC. Further, we showed that these characteristics of social conversion underlie distinct sociobehavioral phenotypes. We demonstrate that the variability in the conversion underlies the difference between prosocial and selfish subjects, as seen from the differential strength of the rAI and ldlPFC coupling to the mPFC responses, respectively. Together, these findings identified fundamental neural computation processes for social value conversion underlying complex social decision making behaviors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In daily life, we make decisions based on self-interest, but also in consideration for others' status. These social influences modulate valuation and decision signals in the brain, suggesting a fundamental process called value conversion that translates social information into self-referenced decisions. However, little is known about the conversion process and its underlying brain mechanisms. We investigated value conversion using human fMRI with computational modeling and found three essential stages in a progressive brain circuit from social to empathic and decision areas. Interestingly, the brain mechanism of conversion differed between prosocial and individualistic subjects. These findings reveal how the brain processes and merges social information into the elemental flow of self-interested decision making.
Research Trends of Written Corrective Feedback in L2 Writing: A Bibliometric Analysis

Written corrective feedback in Second Language Writing is one of the most important parts in L2 Acquisition and Language Teaching. CiteSpace is a convenient and effective bibliometric analysis tool which is widely used by researchers to explore the development tends of a certain field. The Web of Science core collection database was used as the primary source for data collection. There were 272 effective articles were selected from 2001 to 2021. The hot research topics in recent 20 years and emerging trends were showed. It was found that the research of written corrective feedback has entered a period of rapid development after the accumulation of basic knowledge in the early stage. Many empirical studies have been carried out. The distribution, cooperation, development trends and hotpots of current research are presented through visual map analysis in this study. In the future, the written corrective feedback research could try to concentrate on the psychological process and feedback providers, and it is also suggested to combine interdisciplinary knowledge such as education, psychology, neurology, etc., and use new research and measurement methods to promote the development of written corrective feedback.
Economics of ChatGPT: A Labor Market View on the Occupational Impact of Artificial Intelligence

PurposeThe study investigates the influence of ChatGPT on the labor market dynamics, aiming to provide a structured understanding of the changes induced by generative AI technologies.Design/methodology/approachAn analysis of existing literature serves as the foundation for understanding the impact, while the supply and demand model helps assess the effects of ChatGPT. A text-mining approach is utilized to analyze the International Standard Occupation Classification, identifying occupations most susceptible to disruption by ChatGPT.FindingsThe study reveals that 32.8% of occupations could be fully impacted by ChatGPT, while 36.5% might experience a partial impact and 30.7% are likely to remain unaffected.Research limitations/implicationsWhile this study offers insights into the potential influence of ChatGPT and other generative AI services on the labor market, it is essential to note that these findings represent potential implications rather than realized labor market effects. Further research is needed to track actual changes in employment patterns and job market dynamics where these AI services are widely adopted.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the field by systematically categorizing the level of impact on different occupations, providing a nuanced perspective on the short- and long-term implications of ChatGPT and similar generative AI services on the labor market.
Night work during pregnancy and preterm birth—A large register-based cohort study

Background Melatonin stimulates the production of progesterone, which is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. Since melatonin in blood is reduced due to work under illuminated conditions during night work, it has been hypothesized that night work may increase the risk of preterm birth. Previous meta-analyses have not revealed increased risk of preterm birth in women working night shifts during pregnancy. Still, these studies might have been limited by inaccurate self-reports of timing, intensity and duration of night work most likely causing bias towards the null. The aim of this is study was to investigate if the frequency and duration of night work during the first (week 1–12) and second (week 13–22) trimester of pregnancy were associated with risk of preterm birth when objective and prospective data on night work are used. Method In a register-based prospective cohort study, we obtained individual day-to-day information on working hours from The Danish Working Hour Database (DWHD, a payroll database including all public service employees in administrative Danish Regions from 2007–2013) and information on preterm birth from the Danish Medical Birth Registry. Night-shift was defined as at least three working hours between 23:00 and 06:00. Preterm birth was defined as giving birth during gestational weeks 23–37. Odds of preterm birth according to working night shifts were analysed by logistic regression. Results We identified 16,501 pregnant women eligible for the study, of which 10,202 women (61.8%) had at least one night-shift during the first 22 gestational weeks. The risk of preterm birth was not elevated among women working night shifts compared to women working only day shifts during either the first or second trimester. Within night-shift workers, the risk was not related to the number of night shifts, the duration of night shifts, consecutive night shifts or quick returns defined as short intervals between shifts. Odds of preterm birth was not related to change of working schedule from the first to second trimester, although women changing from night shifts in the first trimester to day work only in the second trimester displayed a weak increased odds of preterm birth (OR 1.21, 95%CI 0.98–1.49) compared to women working night shifts in both trimesters. Conclusion Our results, which are without bias from self-report of either exposure or outcome, are in line with the results of previous meta-analyses. Due to the detailed information on hours worked during pregnancy, we were able to investigate several dimensions of night work not previously investigated, of which none were associated with elevated risk of preterm birth.
Direct physical evidence of mechanisms of leakage and equivalent oxide thickness reduction in metal-insulator-metal capacitors based on RuOx/TiOx/SrxTiyOz/TiN stacks

We present direct physical evidence supporting the mechanisms we proposed to explain low leakage (Jg) and low equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) in RuOx/TiOx/Sr-rich SrxTiyOz(STO)/TiN metal-insulator-metal capacitors which achieve Jg = 10−7 A/cm2 (1 V) at 0.45 nm EOT: (1) healing of STO traps by O incorporation from RuOx during STO crystallization anneal for low leakage and (2) TiOx/Sr-rich STO intermixing during STO crystallization anneal resulting in a higher Ti-content, higher k-value STO layer for low EOT. Proof of oxygen incorporation into the STO layer from the RuOx electrode as well as of TiOx/STO intermixing were obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry performed on samples fabricated using O18 for Ru oxidation. We also show excellent match between measured leakage vs. voltage and simulations of trap-assisted leakage with asymmetric trap profiles due to STO trap healing next to RuOx, further supporting our model.
Developments of the conventional nonlinear equaliser

A computer-simulation comparison of the tolerances to additive white Gaussian noise of various developments of a conventional nonlinear (decision-feedback) equaliser is presented for different levels of intersymbol interference in the received signal. The aim of the investigation has been to clarify the relationships between the different techniques. It is shown that, under the appropriate conditions, a useful improvement in tolerance to noise is obtained by means of a modification to the detection process itself, which, in one case, does not change the complexity of the equaliser and, in the other case, slightly increases it, in return for a further improvement in performance. A more substantial improvement in performance is achieved by a simple modification of the reduced-state Viterbi-algorithm detector that uses ranking to select the stored vectors (sequences), the modification having an effect equivalent to the decision-directed cancellation of intersymbol interference (decision feedback) that takes place in a nonlinear equaliser. To exploit the full potential of this system, as well as that of an ideal maximum-likelihood detector, a relatively large delay in detection must be used.
Neumann and periodicboundary-valueproblems forquasilinearordinary dierential equations witha nonlinearity inthe derivative

We present sucient conditions for the existence of solutions to Neumann and periodic boundary-valueproblems for some class of quasilinear ordinary dierential equations. We also show that this condition is necessary for certain nonlinearities. Our results involve the p-Laplacian, the mean-curvature operator and nonlinearities blowing up.
The Inflow to Tropical Cyclone Humberto (2001) as Viewed with Azimuth–Height Surfaces over Three Days

AbstractThe deployment of 228 global positioning system dropwindsondes (GPS sondes), over three consecutive days in Tropical Cyclone Humberto (2001), allows for the creation of azimuth–height (ϕ–z) surfaces from sea level to 3-km altitude at 0.25° and 0.5° latitude distance from the storm center. The authors estimate the radial flow along these ϕ–z surfaces to diagnose the mass flux through said surfaces as Humberto deepens from 1000 to 983 hPa from the first to the second day, then fills to 992 hPa by the third day. As the tropical cyclone (TC) intensifies the width, depth, and rate of inflow increase. The inflow remains a wavenumber-1 pattern throughout the three days. The center of the inflow rotates clockwise over this period following the expected forcing due to both the tropical cyclone motion and deep layer shear vectors. Net vertical mass flux, based on continuity within a given volume, is correlated with TC intensity only for the inner 0.25° ϕ–z surface. Slightly farther from the center, at 0.5° .
Effects of semantic predictability and dialect variation on vowel production in clear and plain lab speech

Speech addressed to a non-native or hearing impaired listener features longer, more peripheral vowels. In addition, more extreme dialect-specific forms are produced in semantically predictable contexts, and less extreme forms (more standard forms) in unpredictable contexts. This study investigated the interactions between predictability and speaking style on Southern American English monophthongization of the vowel /aj/. The Midland dialect of American English served as the comparison. Participants read a set of sentences with monosyllabic target words in sentence-final position. Target words varied in semantic predictability based on the preceding sentential context. Each set of sentences was produced twice by each participant - first as if talking to a friend ("plain" speech) and again as if talking to a non-native or hearing impaired listener ("clear" speech). The duration, dispersion, and trajectory length of the vowel in each target word were measured. Preliminary results suggest that, as expected, S.
Europeans from the Start? Slovenia and Croatia Between State-building, National Identity and the European Union

ABSTRACT The article draws on Hansen and Wæver’s three-layered framework of state-nation-Europe, and applies it to Slovenia and Croatia. The aim is to examine how nation- and state-building affect these countries’ Europeanization before and after EU accession. The novelty of the contribution is the specific attention paid to the post-Yugoslav space as a reference for nation- and state-building. Our findings underline that the Slovenian and Croatian state-nation concept and its relationship to Europe are not per se fixed frames, but are fluid attitudes, prone to change and reaffirmation. We also establish a comparative difference between the domestic and the Europe layer for the two states.
Novel C-2 Symmetric Molecules as α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Kinetic Evaluation, Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetics

A series of symmetrical salicylaldehyde-bishydrazine azo molecules, 5a–5h, have been synthesized, characterized by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, and evaluated for their in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. All the synthesized compounds efficiently inhibited both enzymes. Compound 5g was the most potent derivative in the series, and powerfully inhibited both α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The IC50 of 5g against α-glucosidase was 0.35917 ± 0.0189 µM (standard acarbose IC50 = 6.109 ± 0.329 µM), and the IC50 value of 5g against α-amylase was 0.4379 ± 0.0423 µM (standard acarbose IC50 = 33.178 ± 2.392 µM). The Lineweaver-Burk plot indicated that compound 5g is a competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase. The binding interactions of the most active analogues were confirmed through molecular docking studies. Docking studies showed that 5g interacts with the residues Trp690, Asp548, Arg425, and Glu426, which form hydrogen bonds to 5g with distances of 2.05, 2.20, 2.10 and 2.18 Å, respectively. All compounds showed high mutagenic and tumorigenic behaviors, and only 5e showed irritant properties. In addition, all the derivatives showed good antioxidant activities. The pharmacokinetic evaluation also revealed promising results
X-ray spectra of PG quasars. I - The continuum from X-rays to infrared

Einstein IPC X-ray spectra for a sample of eight optically selected quasars from the Palomar Bright Quasar survey are presented. The quasars have a mean power law energy slope which in five individual cases is inconsistent with the value found in hard X-ray selection criterion rather than luminosity, redshift, or U-B color. New IUE and optical continuum spectra and infrared photometry are presented for these quasars. The data are combined into log vf(v) and log v distributions which support the decomposition of the overall quasar spectrum into a power law plus a superposed optical-UV big bump which may be due to an accretion disk. At least six of the quasars have vf(v)s which are roughly constant between their infrared and X-ray power laws, suggesting a strong link between the two regions. 104 references.
Experiencing and responding to extreme weather: lessons from the Cook Islands

ABSTRACT Catastrophic extreme weather events are destructive, costly, and bring about significant harm and distress. As a consequence of a warming world, extreme weather is only expected to increase in intensity. Unravelling the ways that frontline communities, such as those in the Cook Islands, are experiencing, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from, extreme events over time is vital to document, learn from, and share widely. This paper, drawing from 10 interviews with local Cook Islanders from both urban and remote settings, explores people’s perspectives and experiences of, as well as responses to, extreme weather events, with a focus on droughts and cyclones. We found that the immediate devastation of cyclones and the chronic devastation of droughts has impacted participants in diverse ways, most of which take an emotional toll and affect people’s abilities to meet household needs. These participant experiences with extreme weather events and the subsequent lessons that have transpired have led to the development of significant local knowledge and traditional coping strategies which enable anticipation, preparation, and adaptation. We highlight the ways that participants draw on cosmology, worldviews, and community resources for different courses of action in response to extreme weather. Tacit knowledge and endogenous spiritual and community resources offer Cook Islanders agency, hope and resilience in the face of climate change into the future.
Modeling of relationship between glucose concentration in blood and glucose concentration in interstitial fluid

In recent years, using the detection of interstitial fluid glucose concentration to realize the real-time continuous monitoring of blood glucose concentration gets more and more attention, because for one person, the relationship between blood glucose concentration and interstitial fluid glucose concentration satisfies specific rules. However, the glucose concentration in interstitial fluid is not entirely equal to the glucose concentration in blood and has a physiological lag because of the physiological difference of cells in blood and interstitial fluid. Because the clinical diagnostic criteria of diabetes are still blood glucose concentration, the evaluation model of the physiological lag parameter between the glucose concentration in blood and the glucose concentration in interstitial fluid should be established. The physiological difference in glucose molecules uptake, utilization, and elimination by cells in blood and interstitial fluid and the diffusion velocity of glucose molecule from blood to interstitial fluid will be induced to the mass transfer model to express the physiological lag parameter. Based on the continuous monitoring of glucose concentration in interstitial fluid, the project had studied the mass transfer model to establish the evaluation model of the physiological lag parameter between the glucose concentration in blood and the glucose concentration in interstitial fluid. We have preliminary achieved to evaluate the physiological lag parameter exactly and predict the glucose concentration in blood through the glucose concentration in interstitial fluid accurately.
Acoustic Analysis of Gas Turbine Combustors

Combustion instability has become a major issue for gas turbine manufacturers. Stricter emission regulations, particularly on nitrogen oxides, have led to the development of new combustion methods, such as lean premixed prevaporized(LPP)combustion,to replacethetraditionaldiffusion e ame.However,LPPcombustionismuchmore liable to generate strong oscillations, which can damage equipment and limit operating conditions. As a tutorial, methods to investigate combustion instabilities are reviewed. Theemphasis is on gas turbine applications and LPP combustion. The e ow is modeled as a one-dimensional mean with linear perturbations. Calculations are typically done in the frequency domain. The techniques described lead to predictions for the frequencies of oscillations and the susceptibility to instabilities for which linear disturbances grow expotentially in time. Appropriate boundary conditions are discussed, as is the change in the linearized e ow across zones of heat addition and/or area change. Many of the key concepts are e rst introduced by considering one-dimensional perturbations. Later higher-order modes, particularly circumferential waves, are introduced, and modal coupling is discussed. The modeling of a simplie ed combustion system, from compressor outlet to turbine inlet, is described. The approaches are simple and fast enough to be used at the design stage.