Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brain MRI in subjects with schizophrenia and in adults born prematurely : the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study

The Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (NFBC 1966) is a general population study started in the 1960’s including 12,058 people born in the provinces of Oulu and Lapland. We studied magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes of the brain in subjects with schizophrenia at age 33–35 years. Another sub-group consisted of non-psychotic members of the NFBC 1966 who were born premature. In subjects with schizophrenia (n = 54) the volumes of whole brain, grey and white matter were reduced 2–3% and the volume of CSF was increased 7% compared to the general population control subjects (n = 100) without a psychotic episode. Regional grey matter density was reduced in several regions including frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortices, deep grey matter and cerebellum. Grey matter density was increased in the basal ganglia, anterior cingulate and medial orbitofrontal cortex. There were white matter deficits in interand intrahemispheric tracts bilaterally in the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes, subcortical structures, cerebellum and brainstem. CSF excesses were found in the lateral and third ventricles. Grey and white matter deficits were associated with duration of illness, so that the longer the duration, the smaller the density in the deficit regions. The hippocampal volume was reduced 2-3%, but the change was explained by the total brain volume reduction. We also investigated the effect of preterm birth or low birth weight on education, occupation (n = 715; controls 10,132), cognitive capacity and brain structure (n = 9; controls 95) in adulthood in the non-psychotic group of the NFBC 1966. The premature subjects had slightly lower educational and occupational performance in adulthood and they performed more poorly in verbal learning. There were no differences in the tissue segmentation analysis of the brain; however, we could not determine whether the negative finding was due to small sample size. In conclusion, we have confirmed previous findings of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia in an epidemiological population-based sample. The grey and white matter deficits were widespread and the abnormalities were associated with duration of illness, suggesting progressive changes. In the premature group of the NFBC, minor adult cognitive deviances were found in the absence of major imaging findings.
SEROPREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B AMONG HOSPITAL PATIENTS IN MAKURDI METROPOLIS, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA

Objective: The seroprevalence of hepatitis BVirus (HBV) was investiga ted between July and October 2011 to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus i nfection in relation to demographic factors such as sex, age, literacy level, occupat ion, blood group, marital status among hospitals’ patients in Makurdi metropolis, Benue State, Nige ria. Materials and Methods: Hepatitis B surface antigen was assayed using hepatitis B sur face antigen serum/plasma strip test kit (Grand Medical Diagnostic,U.S. A). Results: Out of the 372 patients that participated in the study, 145(39.0%) were positive for HBsAg. Females were found to be more infected 41.1% (86/209) than males 36.2%(59/163) with no signi ficant difference ( � 2 = 0.94, p = 0.331). The age group > 50 years had the highest prevalence, 58.6% (17/29), while the lowest prevalence was observed in the 10-19 years old (30.8%). No significant difference was observed in the seroprevalence of H BsAg among the different age groups ( � 2 = 8.62, p=0.125 ). With regards to the educational status and occupation of the patients, seroprevalence of HBsAg was significantly higher in pa tients that had no formal education, 84.6% ( � 2 = 32.04, p=0.000 ) and those whose occupation is farming, 75.0% ( � 2 = 46.10, p=0.000 ). Nostatistically significant difference was observed in the prevalence of HBsAg between the different blood groups of the patients (� 2 = 4.43, p = 0.350 ). With
Long Term Care, Wealth and Housing

We study long-term care demand in the Netherlands for a sample of elderly Dutch households using detailed administrative data. Long-term care in the Netherlands is provided by a public health care system that is generous in comparison to that in many other countries, but offers few possibilities for differentiation. Moving to a nursing home is generally postponed as long as possible because of the loss of privacy involved, while use of care at home increases. We test three hypotheses: i) wealthier people are better able to postpone a move to a nursing home, ii) those who own the house in which they live stay there longer when health deteriorates, and iii) those living in a house that is especially suitable for elderly are better able to postpone a move to nursing home. Results of our analyses confirm hypothesis i) but reject or do not find substantial evidence to confirm ii) and iii).
An Optical/X--ray Study of A576, a Galaxy Cluster with a Cold Core

We analyze the galaxy population and dynamics of the galaxy cluster Abell 576 using 281 redshifts (230 new), R band CCD galaxy photometry over a 2h^{-1} Mpc by 2h^{-1} Mpc region centered on the cluster, an Einstein IPC image, and an Einstein MPC spectrum. The cluster galaxies with emission lines in their spectra have a larger velocity dispersion and are significantly less clustered on this 2h^{-1} Mpc scale than galaxies without emission lines. We show that excluding the emission line galaxies decreases the velocity dispersion by 18% and the virial mass estimate by a factor of two. The central cluster region contains a non--emission galaxy population and an intracluster medium which are significantly cooler (sigma_{core}=387^{+250}_{-105}~km/s and T_X=1.6^{+0.4}_{-0.3}~keV at 90\% confidence) than the global populations (sigma=977^{+124}_{-96}~km/s for the non--emission population and T_X>4~keV at 90% confidence). Because (1) the low dispersion population is no more luminous than the global population and (2) the evidence for a cooling flow is weak, we suggest that the cluster core may contain the remnants of a lower mass subcluster. We examine the cluster mass, baryon fraction and luminosity function. The cluster virial mass varies significantly depending on the galaxy sample used. Consistency between the hydrostatic and virial estimators can be achieved if (1) the gas temperature at r\sim1h^{-1}~Mpc is T_X\sim8keV (the best fit value) and (2) several velocity outliers are excluded from the virial calculation. Although the best fit Schechter function parameters and the ratio of galaxy to gas mass are typical of other clusters, the baryon fraction is relatively low. Using a lower limit to the binding mass, we show that the gas mass fraction is \le3h^{-3/2}% and the baryon fraction is \le6%.
Knowledge attitudes and practices related to maternal health in Bla Mali: results of a baseline survey.

This report presents the results of a baseline survey conducted in the rural district of Bla in Mali to investigate levels of knowledge attitudes and practices related to maternal health care among women of reproductive age and corresponding household heads. The main objectives of the study were to guide the development of an information education and communication (IEC) intervention and to serve as a baseline for future comparison after the implementation of the IEC intervention. The survey results show a significant discrepancy between perceived importance of maternal health services (prenatal delivery and postnatal) and actual use among women in Bla. General knowledge about maternal health care including the number and timing of antenatal and postnatal visits and danger signs before during and after delivery was moderately high. The main reasons cited for non-use of prenatal and postnatal care were lack of need and the costs related to visiting the health center. The findings suggest that both knowledge and financial constraints affect women’s health seeking behavior. The survey also found that household heads and husbands are the primary decision makers regarding pregnancy-related care and that they tend to have surprisingly similar perceptions of and knowledge about maternal health care as the women interviewed. However financial and information constraints may affect the ability of household heads to make care seeking decisions that are best for women’s health during and after pregnancy. (authors)
Pulsing Electromagnetic Field and Death of Proliferating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Acute Myelogenic Leukemia* Pulsacyjne pole elektromagnetyczne a śmierć komórkowa proliferujących leukocytów jednojądrzastych pochodzących od pacjentów z ostrą białaczką mieloidalną

Background. A pulsing electromagnetic field (PEMF) influenced the viability of proliferating in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from Crohn’s disease patients by induction of cell death but did not cause any vital changes in the cells from healthy donors. Experiments with lymphoid cell line U937 have shown a protective effect of PEMF on puromycin-treated cells. Objectives. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of PEMF on native proliferating leukocytes originating from newly-diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients. Material and Methods. The effects of exposure to PEMF were studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 8 patients with AML. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with three doses of PEMF for 3h each with 24h intervals. After the last stimulation, the cells were double stained with Annexin V and 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) dye to estimate viability by flow cytometry analysis. Results. Results indicated an increase of Annexin V-positive as well as double stained- and 7-AAD-positive cells after exposure to threefold PEMF stimulation. Conclusions. A low-frequency pulsing electromagnetic field induces cell death in native proliferating cells isolated from AML patients. The increased vulnerability of proliferating PBMCs may be potentially applied in the therapy of AML (Adv Clin Exp Med 2011, 20, 6, 721–727).
Bereitschaft von Frauen, nach der Geburt ihres Kindes an einer individuellen Beratung zum Rauchen teilzunehmen

OBJECTIVES: Smoking after pregnancy implies health risks for both the woman and the newborn. Smoking cessation interventions postpartum can prevent relapse in women who quit during pregnancy, protect the infant from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and motivate smokers to quit. The readiness of women postpartum to participate in smoking cessation counselling is described. METHODS: In 6 maternity wards n = 2790 women were screened for smoking, n = 1128 smoked before pregnancy. Of these n = 869 gave informed consent. Information on sociodemographic status and smoking behaviour is available for n = 642 participating women and for n = 217 non-participating women. RESULTS: No differences between women participating and non-participating were found in age (p >.05) and having a partner (p >.05). Participants were slightly higher educated (p <.001) and were mainly in maintenance (44 %) or in precontemplation stage of change (38 %). The proportions were 44 % and 22 % in the group of the non-participating women. CONCLUSIONS: The readiness of women postpartum to participate in smoking cessation counselling was high. By reaching abstinent women and women not motivated to quit, a target group was addressed that barely benefits from currently existing preventive activities. Maternity wards are an effective location for addressing smoking behaviour of mothers.
GENERALIZED COULOMB ACTIVE-EARTH PRESSURE FOR DISTANCED SURCHARGE. TECHNICAL NOTE

In this note, the author reviews the advantages of the Coulomb method for determining active-earth pressure for distanced surcharge. The note reveals that various closed-form solutions are applied in geotechnical engineering problems; however, most earth-pressure-active coefficients are derived from soil weight alone and do not take surcharge applied on the ground profile into account. The Coulomb approach is based on the limit-equilibrium method and is reliable for the case of the active state. Also, the Coulomb method allows solving earth- pressure problems with various boundary conditions, which for the purpose of this note, is more appropriate. Two examples of earth-pressure problems are presented. The analytical solution is compared to the Coulomb graphical approach, assuming various slopes, surcharge, and earthquake loadings. The author concludes that a closed-form solution is strictly dependent on boundary conditions, that is, one must verify the compatibility of the solution with the boundary conditions of each problem.
YOUNG PEOPLES SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

In the Middle East and North Africa (MEAN) region young peoples lives today differ dramatically from those of their parents and grandparents. In the past the transition from childhood to adulthood occurred abruptly through early marriage and early childbearing. But today both young men and women spend more years in school and marry later. With puberty also starting earlier largely because of better nutrition the interval between childhood and assuming adult roles has lengthened. During this extended period of adolescence and young adulthood young people may have sexual relations before marriage putting them at risk for unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Young married women also risk contracting these infections even more so because they often marry older men who have had prior sexual relationships and who may have more than one partner after marriage. The risks associated with sexual relationships both married and unmarried are heightened by young peoples lack of access to information and services related to sexual and reproductive health. Programs that provide such information and services would benefit young people whether they are sexually active now or not-preparing them to make more informed decisions about marriage sexual relationships and childbearing. (excerpt)
Study of acute viral meningoencephalitis in children in sub-Himalayan Tarai region: Clinico-epidemiological, etiological, and imaging profile

Introduction: Sub-Himalayan Tarai region of India is an endemic area for viral meningoencephalitis where rising trend of disease prevalence has been observed over last 3 years. Objective: This study was conducted to find the viral etiology, clinical profile, and epidemiology of meningoencephalitis cases and correlate them with imaging results. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 1-year (1st January-31st December 2011). Children aged 1 month to 12 years admitted with the diagnosis of viral meningoencephalitis were included in the study. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum immunoglobulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was done for herpes simplex 1 virus, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, and human immunodeficiency virus, on all suspected patients. Neuroimaging (Magnetic resonance imaging brain or computed tomography head) was also performed. Results: Mean age was 5.2±3.46 years (range 1 month to 12 years) with a Male:Female ratio of 1.8:1. A maximum number of cases was recorded in monsoon. Paramyxovirus (mumps) was the most common detected virus followed by Japanese encephalitis cases. Case fatality rate for Japanese encephalitis was 54.55% (95% confidence interval 39.54-69.56), and the majority of the deaths occurred in the age group of 3-7 years (38.46%). At 6 months follow-up, 71.4% were absolutely symptom free, while rest had weakness of all limbs, mental retardation, or aphasia. Conclusion: Significant encephalitis is prevalent in all districts of North Bengal. Most prevalent are JE and mumps which are vaccine preventable. Key words: Mumps, Japanese encephalitis, Viral meningoencephalitis
FACTORS SHAPING ATTITUDES TOWARDS PHYSICAL DISABILITY AND AVAILABILITY OF REHABILITATIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR DISABLED PERSONS IN RURAL KENYA

This study examines the range of attitudes towards persons with physical disability in a rural community in western Kenya. It also evaluates the availability of services for persons with disabilities in the community. Qualitative data analysis of interview material led to the generation of a model describing the attitudes towards people with disabilities. Availability of services was explored through interview questions and document collection. Perceived cause of disability, perceived characteristics and activities of people with disabilities by the community and perceived role of society, appear to shape the attitudes towards people with disabilities in the community studied. The opinions within these categories contribute to enabling and disabling features of the environment in which people with disabilities live. It appears that services available are underused by disabled members of the community due to poor accessibility and financial barriers. The results yielded relatively enabling attitudes towards PWD. The responses suggest that this community may be ready to support increased participation by its members, possibly through a community based rehabilitation programme.
Zawartość energii i wybranych składników w racjach pokarmowych przedszkoli z rejonu warszawskiego

The aim of this study was the evaluation of energy and selected nutrients content in 10 days menus (spring period) from 5 kindergartens situated in mazowiecki district. The kindergartens were located in Żyrardow, Dziekanow, Warsaw, Łomianki and Nowa Iwiczna. It was shown that amount of energy and macronutrients was unproper. Most of the food rations contained too much energy, from fat and protein, and too little from carbohydrates. Planned pre-school nutrition was not balanced properly in the meaning of energy and nutrients amount.
Incidence of thrombocytopenia and changes in various platelet parameters, in blood culture positive neonatal sepsis

Abstract Objective: To assess the incidence of thrombocytopenia and changes in various platelet parameters, in culture positive neonatal sepsis. Methods: This was prospective study conducted over a period of one year from December 2009 to November 2010 in neonatal intensive care unit of DDUH Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, North India. All babies who were admitted during this period were evaluated prospectively for evidence of sepsis. Results: sepsis was diagnosed in 560 neonates. Among 560 neonates, 80/560 (14.28%) had Culture positive sepsis. Out of 80 blood culture positive neonates 73 were term neonates and 7 were near term. Gram positive sepsis occurred in 21/80 (26.25%), gram negative sepsis in 54/80 (67.5%), and fungal sepsis in 5/80 (6.25%). Incidence of thrombocytopenia in Gram negative sepsis was (35/54) 64.81%, in gram positive sepsis (15/21) 71.41% and in fungal sepsis was (3/5) 60%. Mean platelet count at the onset of sepsis in all the patients was 123287.5±49428.68. The mean duration of thrombocytopenia in gram positive sepsis was 4.66 ±2.6 days, in gram negative sepsis 4.39 ± 2.22 days and in fungal sepsis 5.2±1.3 days. MPV at the time of onset of sepsis (MPV) was high in gram positive sepsis than in gram negative sepsis (11.57±0.88 Vs 11.29 ± 0.76). The MPV of thrombocytopenic neonates was significantly higher than that of non-thrombocytopenic neonates (p < 0.01).
Using a theragnostic approach in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Central to the concept of theragnostics is the elegant aim of precision medicine from the fusion of therapy and diagnostics. Recent advances in the field of juvenile idiopathic arthritis clinical therapy points towards a step forward in the aspect of targeted therapy, particularly in the context of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Areas covered: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a complex set of heterogenous diseases. Precision medicine will serve to dissect through this heterogeneity to provide targeted therapy for patients. This review will serve to educate the reader on recent success of targeted therapy in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and how the field is impacted. Expert opinion: A direct link between diagnosis and therapy is required for further progress in targeted therapy of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Elucidation of pathogenic immune subsets is relevant to this endeavor and the platforms that may help revolutionize the discovery of the elusive target.
Prevalence of rota and coronavirus infections in calves of Barabanki and Raebareli districts of Uttar Pradesh

The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of important enteric viruses (rotavirus and coronavirus) responsible for causing neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD) in individually reared animals covering 42 villages of Barabanki and Raebareli districts, Uttar Pradesh, India. Total number of 102 faecal samples, collected from clinical diarrhoeic calves aged below 3 months during the month of April, 2010, were subjected for detection of viral antigens using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Bio-X Diagnostics, Belgium). The prevalence rates recorded for rota and corona viruses were 15.68% and 11.76%, respectively. The present study will help to devise suitable strategies for the prevention and control of neonatal calf diarrhoea especially in rural parts of the country.
Pion-delta sigma-term

We use a simple configuration space chiral model to evaluate nucleon and {delta}{sigma}-terms. Analytic expressions are consistent with chiral counting rules and give rise to expected nonanalytic terms in the chiral limit. We obtain the results 43 MeV {<=}{sigma}{sub N}{<=} 49 MeV and 28 MeV {<=}{sigma}{sub {delta}}{<=} 32 MeV, depending on the {pi}N{delta} and {pi}{delta}{delta} coupling constants used, which are compatible with values extracted from experiment and produced by other groups.
ATLASGAL – compact source catalogue: 330° < ℓ < 21°

The APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the GALaxy (ATLASGAL) is the first systematic survey of the inner Galactic plane in the sub-millimetre. The observations were carried out with the Large APEX Bolometer Camera (LABOCA), an array of 295 bolometers observing at 870 ? m (345 GHz). Aims. Here we present a first version of the compact source catalogue extracted from this survey. This catalogue provides an unbiased database of dusty clumps in the inner Galaxy. Methods. The construction of this catalogue was made using the source extraction routine SExtractor. We have cross-associated the obtained sources with the IRAS and MSX catalogues, in order to constrain their nature. Results. We have detected 6639 compact sources in the range from 330 ? 21 degrees and |b| ? 1.5 degrees. The catalogue has a 99% completeness for sources with a peak flux above 6? , which corresponds to a flux density of ~0.4? Jy? beam-1. The parameters extracted for sources with peak fluxes below the 6? completeness threshold should be used with caution. Tests on simulated data find the uncertainty in the flux measurement to be ~12%, however, in more complex regions the flux values can be overestimated by a factor of 2 due to the additional background emission. Using a search radius of 30? we found that 40% of ATLASGAL compact sources are associated with an IRAS or MSX point source, but, ~50% are found to be associated with MSX 21 ? m fluxes above the local background level, which is probably a lower limit to the actual number of sources associated with star formation. Conclusions. Although infrared emission is found towards the majority of the clumps detected, this catalogue is still likely to include a significant number of clumps that are devoid of star formation activity and therefore excellent candidates for objects in the coldest, earliest stages of (high-mass) star formation.