Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consumer Willingness to Pay for Energy Efficient Refrigerators in Nairobi City County, Kenya

In Kenya, consumer choices regarding home energy appliances, such as refrigerators, are crucial for enhancing energy efficiency and environmental conservation efforts. This study examined the influence of the Kenya Energy Star Rating Label on consumer preferences for refrigerators. Using stratified random sampling, 330 respondents from five constituencies in Nairobi County, Kenya, were surveyed. The research employed a combination of conditional and mixed logit models to analyse the data. The results revealed a significant positive correlation (P = .05) between the Kenyan Energy Star Rating label and consumer preference for energy-efficient refrigerators across all models. Consumers demonstrated a willingness to pay an average premium of 28,708.5 Kenyan shillings for refrigerators displaying the Kenyan Energy Star Rating label, indicating their recognition of the label's value. There was no significant relationship between consumer environmental concern and their willingness to pay for energy labelled refrigerators. These findings have notable policy implications, emphasizing the importance of educating Kenyan consumers about the environmental advantages of energy-efficient appliances. Specifically, the results underscore the effectiveness of the Kenyan Energy Star Rating Label in guiding consumer choices toward more sustainable appliance options.
Effect evaluation of air negative ions under different vegetation arrangements in Nanning city.

In this paper,the concentrations of air negative ions above urban area,suburb green space,and farmland in Nanning city were measured.The results indicated that from the viewpoint of air negative ions,the air quality was in order of large scale suburb green space farmland urban area.Vegetation with multi-structure was the best,followed by vegetation with simple structure,and single vegetation pattern.Creek and waterfall could raise the concentration of air negative ions effectively.The concentrations of air negative ions increased with ascending altitude and canopy density,and fluctuated with season.
The Constitution and Structure of the Lunar Interior

The current state of understanding of the lunar interior is the sum of nearly four decades of work and a range of exploration programs spanning that same time period. Missions of the 1960s including the Rangers, Surveyors, and Lunar Orbiters, as well as Earth-based telescopic studies, laid the groundwork for the Apollo program and provided a basic understanding of the surface, its stratigraphy, and chronology. Through a combination of remote sensing, surface exploration, and sample return, the Apollo missions provided a general picture of the lunar interior and spawned the concept of the lunar magma ocean. In particular, the discovery of anorthite clasts in the returned samples led to the view that a large portion of the Moon was initially molten, and that crystallization of this magma ocean gave rise to mafic cumulates that make up the mantle, and plagioclase flotation cumulates that make up the crust (Smith et al. 1970; Wood et al. 1970). This model is now generally accepted and is the framework that unifies our knowledge of the structure and composition of the Moon. The intention of this chapter is to review the major advances that have been made over the past decade regarding the constitution of the Moon’s interior. Much of this new knowledge is a direct result of data acquired from the successful Clementine and Lunar Prospector missions, as well as the analysis of new lunar meteorites. As will be seen, results from these studies have led to many fundamental amendments to the magma ocean model. Much of what we know from sample analyses has been previously summarized elsewhere, and only their most important aspects will be discussed in this chapter. The reader is referred to the relevant chapters in the books Basaltic Volcanism on the Terrestrial Planets (Basaltic Volcanism Study Project 1981), The …
Influence of Continuous Moderate Water Stress on Water Consumption and Yield of Rice

Research is carried out in this paper to study the change of water consumption and yield in the rice growth stages under the condition of continuous irrigation with 60%～70% saturated soil moisture content.The results show that under these conditions,the rice water requirement is 379～460 mm,the irrigation quality is 841～1 238 mm,and the leakage is 329～389 mm,which accounts for about 40% of irrigation.Experimental results prove that continuous water stress leads to serious yield reduction,as it is only 57.9%～68.2% of that irrigated by shallow wet dry style.While the WUE is the highest as using different styles of lower limit irrigation at different growth stages.This shows that by taking advantage of the different sensitivity to water between water-crucial stage and non-crucial stage,irrigation water can be saved and water use efficiency can be improved through distributing limited water over the rice growth stage that is most sensitive to shortage of water.
The Ability To Write Scientific Articles among University Students Views from Five Institutions in Indonesia

The low ability to write scientific articles in students must be addressed immediately. This factor is increasingly prominent when the learning model used is not in accordance with the learning outcomes of the course. This research aims to measure the ability to write scientific articles of university students in Indonesia before and after the application of the Genre-Based Writing Model synthesized with Critical Literacy. A quantitative approach was used in this research with a quasi-experimental research method. The data sources of this research were students from four universities in Indonesia with a total of 144 students. The research data were the students' scientific articles. The data collection technique in this research was the test technique. Based on the results of the research, students' abilities before being treated with the Genre-Based Writing model synthesized with Critical Literacy were in the sufficient category, while after being treated with the model students' abilities were in the excellent category. In other words, there was a significant increase in students' ability to write scientific articles between before and after being treated with the Genre-Based Writing model synthesised with Critical Literacy.
Methane Source Attribution in the UK Using Multi‐Year Records of CH4 and δ13C

Isotopic measurements of atmospheric methane are valuable for the verification of bottom‐up atmospheric emissions inventories. The balance of sources in emissions inventories must be consistent with the δ13C‐CH4 isotopic record in the air. Long‐term records of both methane mole fraction and δ13C from five sites across the UK are presented, showing post‐2007 growth in CH4 and negative trend in δ13C, consistent with global background sites. Miller‐Tans analyses of atmospheric measurements identified that the δ13C signature of the methane source mix varied between −50.1 and −56.1‰, with less depleted δ13C signatures at sites receiving air from urban areas, consistent with an increased proportion of thermogenic sources. Isotopic signatures calculated for all sites are more enriched than those expected from the bottom‐up emissions inventory, suggesting that inventories for the UK either underestimate contributions of thermogenic/pyrogenic emissions or overestimate biogenic sources.
Achievable Rates of Generalized Linear Systems With Orthogonal/Vector AMP Receiver

In signal processing and wireless communications, the generalized linear system (GLS) has been widely used to evaluate the impact of nonlinear preprocessing on receiver performance. Although generalized approximation message passing (GAMP) is a state-of-the-art algorithm for GLS signal recovery, it is only applicable to measurement matrices with independent and identically distributed (IID) elements. To overcome this limitation, the generalized orthogonal/vector approximate message passing (GOAMP/GVAMP) algorithm for unitarily invariant measurement matrices was developed and shown to be replica Bayes optimal in uncoded GLS. However, due to its complicated state evolution (SE), the information-theoretic limit of GOAMP/GVAMP remains an open problem for arbitrary input distributions. In this paper, we provide a rigorous achievable rate analysis of GOAMP/GVAMP in GLS, establishing its information-theoretic limit (i.e., maximum achievable rate). Specifically, GOAMP/GVAMP involves a dual-input-dual-output linear detector (LD) paired with two nonlinear detectors (NLD), making the achievable rate difficult to analyze. To address this issue, we convert the fully unfolded state evolution (SE) of a multi-layer iterative algorithm into an equivalent single-input single-output variational SE (VSE). The achievable rate of GOAMP/GVAMP is calculated using the VSE and the mutual information and minimum mean square error (I-MMSE) lemma. Also, the optimal coding principle for maximizing the achievable rate is provided. Furthermore, the methods presented in the paper can be easily extended to analyze the achievable rate and optimal code design for high-dimensional neural networks using multi-layer AMP-type algorithms. Clipping and quantization, two common nonlinear functions, are used as examples to show the advantages of GOAMP/GVAMP over existing techniques, such as the maximum ratio combining receivers based on the linearized model and the cascading GOAMP/GVAMP with separate LD and NLD. In numerical results, a kind of low-density parity-check (LDPC) code is optimized for GOAMP/GVAMP to approach the theoretical limit within $0.2$ dB. The finite-length performances of the GOAMP/GVAMP with optimized LDPC codes are within $2.2$ dB away from the theoretical limits in GLS.
Personality correlates of dispositional forgiveness: a direct comparison of interpersonal and self-forgiveness using common transgression scenarios

Although the personality correlates of dispositional interpersonal forgiveness (forgiveness of others) have been well characterized, those of dispositional self-forgiveness are less well understood. Moreover, when the personality correlates are examined for both types of forgiveness, the comparison has been based on participants’ self-report ratings on questionnaires. The current study sought to address these gaps in the literature by adopting a scenario-based approach, which has been used less frequently, especially in self-forgiveness research. A total of 160 participants read six fictional scenarios, each describing a severe transgression, from the perspective of the transgressor (self-forgiveness, n = 78) or the victim (interpersonal forgiveness, n = 82) of the transgression, and then responded to several items assessing different facets of forgiveness (avoidance, revenge, and benevolence). Participants’ personality (Big Five) and explanatory style were also assessed. Consistent with prior literature, agreeableness and neuroticism generally predicted different facets of interpersonal forgiveness. These two personality traits also predicted facets of self-forgiveness, but, additionally, conscientiousness and one’s tendency to internalize failure (the personal component of explanatory style) uniquely predicted self-forgiveness, especially avoidance motivations. These results point to both similarities and differences in the personality correlates of interpersonal and self-forgiveness. As a secondary, more exploratory aim, the current study compared the results from our scenario-based assessment of forgiveness to those based on a commonly used questionnaire, the Other and Self subscales of the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS). As expected, the Other subscale of the HFS were associated with levels of interpersonal forgiveness assessed with our transgression scenarios, but, surprisingly, the HFS Self subscale was more strongly related to interpersonal than self-forgivess assessed with scenarios. Moreover, the Self subscale was not associated with levels of self-forgiveness assessed with transgression scenarios, except for avoidance motivations. These results suggest that scenario-based and questionnaire-based methods may capture different facts of forgiveness and cannot be used interchangeably, especially for the assessment of self-forgiveness. More generally, the current study illustrates the importance of conducting direct within-study comparisons of interpersonal and self-forgiveness as well as of different assessment methods to better understand the similarities and differences between the two types of forgiveness.
Short-Term Impacts of Low-Level Jet Fighter Training on Caribou in Labrador

The short-term impacts on caribou ( Rangifer tarandus ) of low-level jet fighter training activity at Canadian Forces Base Goose Bay (Labrador) were investigated during the 1986-88 training seasons (April-October). Visual observations of low-level (30 m agl) jet overpasses indicated an initial startle response but otherwise brief overt reaction by woodland caribou on late-winter alpine tundra habitat. Between 1986 and 1988, daily effects of jet overflights were monitored on 10 caribou equipped with satellite-tracked radiocollars, which provided daily indices of activity and movement. Half the animals were exposed to jet overflights; the other 5 caribou were avoided during training exercises and therefore served as control animals. In 1988, the control caribou were from a population that had never been overflown. Level of exposure to low-level flying within the exposed population did not significantly affect daily activity levels or distance travelled, although comparison with the unexposed population did suggest potential effects. The results indicate that significant impacts of low-level overflights can be minimized through a program of avoidance. Key words: caribou ( Rangifer tarandus ), low-level flying, jet aircraft, helicopters, disturbance, activity, movements, Labrador
Noninfectious Causes of Pregnancy Loss at the Late Embryonic/Early Fetal Stage in Dairy Cattle

Simple Summary Pregnancy loss at any developmental stage affects the reproductive efficiency of cattle both at the individual and herd levels. In dairy cows, negative effects on milk production along with the increased antibiotic usage associated with pregnancy loss can have dramatic consequences on herd economy. Pregnancy loss during late embryonic and early fetal development can affect up to 20% of animals within a dairy cattle herd, so regular screening and pregnancy maintenance protocols are mandatory as it is important to identify animals at risk of losing their pregnancy after its diagnosis. In this review, we describe possible noninfectious causes of pregnancy loss during this late embryonic/early fetal stage. Abstract In cattle, initial pregnancy diagnosis takes place during the late embryonic/early fetal stage of gestation. From this point onward, pregnancy loss may occur in up to one fifth of pregnancies before the initial pregnancy diagnosis is confirmed. This means the early identification of risk factors is a key part of pregnancy diagnosis and herd management. The various factors responsible for pregnancy losses are classified into infectious and noninfectious. Among the noninfectious causes, several dam-related (circumstances of the individual pregnancy or milk production) and herd-related factors causing stress have been well established. In this review, we summarize the impacts of these noninfectious factors and predict associated risks of pregnancy loss.
Age Effects in Facial Fracture Trauma: Disparities in Multisystem Injuries in Non-Fall-Related Trauma

Background and objective Facial fractures represent a growing concern among an aging population prone to falls. In light of this, this study aimed to investigate differential facial fracture patterns and outcomes based on age effects. Determining the differences between the severity and type of facial fractures in populations of different ages will help guide clinical decision-making when managing patients with facial fractures. Methods This was a single-center study involving trauma registry data, from July 1, 2016, to January 31, 2022. The inclusion criteria were based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) diagnosis of facial fracture. A linear regression was performed to ascertain the effects of predictor variables on the likelihood that a facial fracture trauma patient would experience various age effects on injury location, mortality, and morbidity. Results A total of 1575 patients were included in the analysis. A significant regression equation was found (F(47,1476)=42.46, p<0.01), with an R2 of 0.57. Older facial fracture trauma patients were more likely to be female (β=3.13, p<0.01) with fractures to their zygoma (β=2.57, p=0.02). Higher Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) facial region scores (β=2.21, p=0.03), longer hospital length of stay (β=0.07, p=0.02), and in-hospital mortality (β=10.47, p<0.01) were also associated with older age. Older age was additionally associated with a higher level of several morbidity markers. Younger facial fracture trauma patients were more likely to be African American (β=-5.46, p<0.01) or other, non-Caucasian race (β=-8.66, p<0.01) and to have mandible fracture patterns (β=-3.63, p<0.01). The younger patients were more likely to be fully activated (β=-3.10, p<0.01) with a higher shock index ratio (SIR) (β=-7.36, p<0.01). Injury mechanisms in younger facial fracture patients were more likely to be assault (β=-12.43, p<0.01), four-wheeler/ATV accident (β=-24.80, p<0.01), gunshot (β=-15.18, p<0.01), moped accident (β=-13.50, p<0.01), motorcycle accident (β=-12.31, p<0.01), motor vehicle accident (β=-16.52, p<.01), or pedestrian being struck by a motor vehicle (β=-10.69, p=0.02). Conclusions Based on our findings, age effects impact facial fracture patterns and outcomes. Younger patients are more likely to experience multisystem injuries via non-fall trauma. On the other hand, older patients are more likely to experience more severe primary facial injuries. Older patients are also at a higher risk of fall-related trauma. Disparities also exist between genders and races, with male and non-Caucasian patients being at a higher risk of injury from facial fractures at a younger age. With an aging population, the prevalence of falls is likely to increase. Thus, facial fractures represent a growing healthcare burden and warrant future investments related to care and treatment.
Neuromodulators as Interdomain Signaling Molecules Capable of Occupying Effector Binding Sites in Bacterial Transcription Factors

Hormones and neurotransmitters are important components of inter-kingdom signaling systems that ensure the coexistence of eukaryotes with their microbial community. Their ability to affect bacterial physiology, metabolism, and gene expression was evidenced by various experimental approaches, but direct penetration into bacteria has only recently been reported. This opened the possibility of considering neuromodulators as potential effectors of bacterial ligand-dependent regulatory proteins. Here, we assessed the validity of this assumption for the neurotransmitters epinephrine, dopamine, and norepinephrine and two hormones (melatonin and serotonin). Using flexible molecular docking for transcription factors with ligand-dependent activity, we assessed the ability of neuromodulators to occupy their effector binding sites. For many transcription factors, including the global regulator of carbohydrate metabolism, CRP, and the key regulator of lactose assimilation, LacI, this ability was predicted based on the analysis of several 3D models. By occupying the ligand binding site, neuromodulators can sterically hinder the interaction of the target proteins with the natural effectors or even replace them. The data obtained suggest that the direct modulation of the activity of at least some bacterial transcriptional factors by neuromodulators is possible. Therefore, the natural hormonal background may be a factor that preadapts bacteria to the habitat through direct perception of host signaling molecules.
The effectiveness of the european central bank in pursuing its prime mandate

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">The objectives and tasks of the European Central Bank (ECB) are defined in Articles 2 and 3 of Protocol (No 4) on the Statute of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and of the European Central Bank (ECB). While in Article 3,1° of this Protocol other tasks are mentioned, the prime objective of the ESCB and therefore of the ECB, is price stability. This concept was originally specified by the Executive Board of the ECB as an annual increase of less than 2% in the inflation rate over the medium term, measured by the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) for the euro area. This paper examines to what extent the ECB has been effective in realizing price stability over the period from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2022. Price stability is important for economic agents. It allows them to plan their savings, spending and investment eventually resulting in sustained economic growth. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Notwithstanding the commitment of large human and other resources and the use of unconventional monetary policies, the ECB did not realize its prime objective during a large part of this period. We conclude that putting too much confidence in DSGE-modeling as one of the methodologies to determine monetary policy, may have played an important role in the ECB not achieving its main statutory objective. </span></p>
CONTENT ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC CLAIM FOOD ADVERTISEMENT ON YOUTUBE

Advertisements with organic claims must be able to be proven by how the product is made, the ingredients used, and legal organic certification. Providing correct information is a form of consumer education and protection. This study aims to analyze video advertisements of organic food claims on YouTube social media. The results of the analysis are adjusted in fulfillment of the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK) Number 8 of 1999. This research analyzes the variables of product characteristics, video characteristics, advertising characteristics, and organic claims using the content analysis method and exploratory design. The sample selection was carried out using purposive sampling technique with certain characteristics. The research sample is 200 organic claim advertising videos on YouTube. Data were collected and processed using Microsoft Excel, SPSS 25.0, and Voyant. The results of the analysis show that 62,5 percent of ads use subjective claims and 64,5 percent of ads do not have organic certification. There were 91,5 percent of ads that violated article 17 and 29,0 percent of ads that violated the Ethics of Indonesian Advertising (EPI). Consumers need to improve their knowledge and understanding of organic claim advertisements and be careful in deciding product purchases.