Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Cyto-Genotoxic, and Antigenotoxic Potential of Salvia verticillata Hydromethanolic Extract

This study comprises the phytochemical characterization, the evaluation of the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA), and the investigation of the cyto-genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of hydromethanolic extract derived from Salvia verticillata L. leaves. HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS and HPLC–DAD were used for the characterization of the extract and determination of the major ingredients. Afterwards, the TPC and AA were determined. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of the extract on cultured human lymphocytes at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 μg mL−1 was investigated via the Cytokinesis Block MicroNucleus (CBMN) assay. Moreover, its antigenotoxic potential against the mutagenic agent mitomycin C (MMC) was assessed using the same assay. The hydromethanolic extract comprises numerous metabolites, with rosmarinic acid being the major compound. It had a high value of TPC and exerted significant AA as shown by the results of the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Radical Scavenging Activity by DPPH• assays. A dose-dependent cytotoxic potential was recorded, with the highest dose (50 μg mL−1) exhibiting statistically significant cytotoxicity. None of the tested concentrations induced significant micronuclei (MN) frequencies, indicating a lack of genotoxicity. All tested concentrations reduced the MMC-mediated genotoxic effects, with the two lowest showing statistically significant antigenotoxic potential.
Comparison of mutation landscapes of pretreatment versus recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: The possible mechanism of resistance to standard treatment

Abstract Background A high recurrent rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major concern in head and neck cancer treatment. The study of the genetic mutation landscape in recurrent OSCC may provide information on certain mutations associated with the pathobiology and treatment response of the OSCC. Aim We investigated the mutation landscape of matched pretreatment and recurrent tumors to understand the influence of genetic mutations on the pathobiology and clinical outcomes in OSCC. Methods and Results We sequenced 33 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) recurrent tumors, primary tumors, and primary tumors before recurrence that matched the recurrent tumors collected from Rajavithi Hospital during 2019–2021. We identified recurrent mutations from these samples by the Oncomine Ion Torrent‐based next‐generation sequencing on the 517 cancer‐associated gene panel. From the results, we found that the most commonly mutated gene in the cohort is a histone methyltransferase KMT2D (54.55%), implicating that aberrance in epigenetic regulation may play a role in oral cancer tumorigenesis. Functional protein association network analysis of the gene frequently mutated in the recurrent tumors showed enrichment of genes that regulate the cancer cell cycle, that is, MRE11A, CDKN2A, and CYLD. This finding was confirmed in the primary‐recurring matched pair. We found that recurrent tumors possess a small but recurring group of genes, with presumably the subclonal mutations driving the recurrence of the tumor, suggesting that the recurrent disease originated from a small fraction of the cancer cell that survives standard treatment. These genes were absent in the primary tumor with a good response to the standard treatment. On the other hand, we found an enrichment of DNA repair genes, namely ATR, BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD50, and MUTYH, in nonrecurrent tumors suggesting that the mutations in the DNA repair pathway may at least partially explain the different response to the standard treatment. Conclusions Our pilot study identified pathways of carcinogenesis in oral cancer and specific gene sets that indicate treatment responses and prognoses in this group of patients.
Effect of the Technological Parameters of Milling on Residual Stress in the Surface Layer of Thin-Walled Plates

The production of thin-walled elements, especially those with large overall dimensions, poses numerous technological and operational problems. One of these problems relates to the machining-induced strain of such elements resulting from residual stress generated during the machining process. This study investigates the effect of the technological parameters of milling on residual stress in the surface layer of thin-walled plates made of aluminum alloy EN AW-2024 T351 for aerospace applications. The results have shown that residual stress increases with the cutting speed only to a certain point, reaching the maximum value at vc = 750 m/min. At a cutting speed vc = 900 m/min, residual stress significantly decreases, which probably results from the fact that the milling process has entered the High-Speed Cutting range, and this inference agrees with the results obtained for the cutting force component. Residual stress increases with the feed per tooth, while the relationship between residual stress and milling width is the same as that established for residual stress and variable cutting speed. Positive tensile stress is obtained in every tested case of the milling process. The results have also shown that the induced residual stress affects the strain of machined thin-walled parts, as proved by the strain results obtained for milled thin walls.
FORM-DRAG EFFECTS ON UNSTABLE BUOYANT FLOWIN A VERTICAL POROUS LAYER WITH OPEN BOUNDARIES

The onset of convective instability in a vertical porous layer with open boundaries is analysed. The base flow is partly buoyancy-induced and partly caused by an imposed vertical pressure gradient. The linearised perturbation equations expressing the local mass and energy balances, as well as the momentum balance modelled according to Darcy-Forchheimer’s law, are solved numerically in terms of normal modes. The neutral stability curves and the critical Darcy-Rayleigh number are obtained versus the form-drag parameter. INTRODUCTION The analysis of buoyant flow in a vertical porous layer is of great interest either in engineering or in geophysics. We mention applications to civil engineering such as the design of breathing walls, employed in the dynamical insulation of buildings, or the modelling of groundwater reservoirs. The study of thermoconvective instability in a porous vertical slab with impermeable boundaries kept at different temperatures was first carried out in the pioneering paper by Gill [1969]. This author was able to obtain a fairly simple and elegant proof that the basic parallel buoyant flow in the layer is stable. The validity of Gill’s proof strongly relies on the boundary conditions of impermeable isothermal walls. This finding has been reported by Barletta [2015]. In fact, when the layer boundaries are permeable with a pressure equal to the fluid hydrostatic pressure, the parallel buoyant flow may become unstable [Barletta, 2015]. Both Gill’s proof and its later development [Barletta, 2015] depend on the assumption that momentum transport is modelled through Darcy’s law. In fact, Darcy’s law is an appropriate model of seepage flow in a porous medium whenever the permeability-based Reynolds number, ReK = |u∗ | √ K ν , (1) is small enough [Nield and Bejan, 2013]. Here, u∗ is the seepage velocity, K is the permeability, and ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid. Breakdown of Darcy’s law initiates when ReK is O(1). For larger values of ReK , Darcy’s law relative to buoyant flows needs to be corrected through a quadratic drag term, 1
Stratospheric cooling and tropical cyclones

Over the past 25 years or so, there has been a strong increase in almost every metric of tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic, and in some metrics of intense cyclones elsewhere around the globe (Elsner et al., 2008). These have exceeded expectations based on simple theory applied to observed increases in sea surface temperature over the period, leading to questions about whether the observed increase in activity is related to the observed warming of the ocean. In this study, we apply a recently developed tropical cyclone downscaling technique to several atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) driven only by observed sea surface temperatures over the last 100 years or so. We show that, for the tropical Atlantic, such downscalings capture the observed variability of tropical cyclones up to about 1970, but largely fail to capture the recent large upswing in activity. We show that this is directly attributable to the failure of the ACGMs to capture the large increase in potential intensity present in reanalyses, in spite of the fact the observed increase in sea surface temperature is prescribed in the models. Finally, we show that the large increase in potential intensity over the North Atlantic over the past quarter century is attributable both to the increase in sea surface temperature and to the decline in temperatures near the tropical tropopause, which together lead to a precipitous decline in hurricane outflow temperatures. The failure of AGCMs to capture the near-tropopause cooling is may be owing to their omission of ozone variability and to their relatively poor vertical resolution near the tropopause.
RCUMP: Residual Completion Unrolling With Mixed Priors for Snapshot Compressive Imaging

Deep unrolling-based snapshot compressive imaging (SCI) methods, which employ iterative formulas to construct interpretable iterative frameworks and embedded learnable modules, have achieved remarkable success in reconstructing 3-dimensional (3D) hyperspectral images (HSIs) from 2D measurement induced by coded aperture snapshot spectral imaging (CASSI). However, the existing deep unrolling-based methods are limited by the residuals associated with Taylor approximations and the poor representation ability of single hand-craft priors. To address these issues, we propose a novel HSI construction method named residual completion unrolling with mixed priors (RCUMP). RCUMP exploits a residual completion branch to solve the residual problem and incorporates mixed priors composed of a novel deep sparse prior and mask prior to enhance the representation ability. Our proposed CNN-based model can significantly reduce memory cost, which is an obvious improvement over previous CNN methods, and achieves better performance compared with the state-of-the-art transformer and RNN methods. In this work, our method is compared with the 9 most recent baselines on 10 scenes. The results show that our method consistently outperforms all the other methods while decreasing memory consumption by up to 80%.
Exploring adolescents' experiences of continuing to wear face masks during COVID‐19: A qualitative descriptive study in Barcelona (Spain)

Abstract Background The COVID‐19 pandemic prompted the use of face masks as a social distancing measure. Although evidence supports their effectiveness in preventing infection, it remains unclear why some adolescents choose to continue wearing them postpandemic, even when it is no longer mandatory. This study aims to explore adolescents' experiences of wearing face masks during the COVID‐19 pandemic when their use was no longer mandatory. Method In this exploratory qualitative study, data were collected from 16 adolescents through face‐to‐face semistructured interviews. The participants were asked about the reasons and feelings associated with continuing to wear masks, as well as the contexts in which they felt safe without a mask. The collected data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis. Results Three main themes were identified: (1) Navigating complex decision‐making: balancing safety and self‐image, (2) peer influence dynamics and (3) managing the future: weather dynamics and pandemic evolution. Discussion The potential implications of withdrawing COVID‐19 preventive measures, such as mask‐wearing, beyond the pandemic remain understudied. It is crucial to further investigate the perceptions related to wearing masks and its cessation, especially amongst vulnerable individuals. Patient or Public Contribution Due to methodological constraints associated with participants' age, they were not engaged in the design, data analysis, data interpretation or manuscript preparation phases of the study.
Differences in Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels at Diagnosis of Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes

Aim: The aim of this work is to assess the vitamin D levels, evaluated as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D of children with a new diagnosis of celiac disease (CD), of children with a new onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and in children with CD at diagnosis of T1D (T1D&CD). Methods: In this single-center observational study, we collected data for four groups of children and adolescents: T1D, CD, T1D&CD, and a control group (CG). The CG included schoolchildren who had negative results during a mass screening campaign for CD and were not diagnosed for T1D, according to RIDI Marche registry data, were considered for the purposes of this study. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D2, and 25(OH)D3 were considered as the parameters for evaluating vitamin D nutritional status, and the date of measurement was recorded to analyze vitamin D level seasonality. Vitamin D nutritional status was categorized as follows: severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL), deficiency (<20 ng/mL), insufficiency (20–29 ng/mL), or sufficiency/adequacy (≥30 ng/mL). The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the groups. The association of 25(OH)D levels with health conditions and seasonal differences of 25(OH)D levels was analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. Results: The number of children enrolled for the present study was 393: 131 in the CG, 131 CD, 109 T1D, and 22 T1D&CD. Significantly lower levels of vitamin D were displayed for children with CD, T1D, or both the diseases. Interestingly, severe vitamin D deficiency was detected in no children with CD, 1.5% of children in the CG, in 24.4% with T1D, and 31.8% with T1D&CD (p < 0.001). As expected, the CG children vitamin D levels were significantly influenced by seasonality. Contrarily, no seasonal differences were reported in children with CD, T1D, and T1D&CD. Multiple regression analysis showed that children with T1D and T1D&CD had lower 25(OH)D levels of 9.9 ng/mL (95% CI: 5.4; 14.5) and 14.4 ng/mL (95% CI: 6.2–22.7) compared to CG children (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results showed low levels of vitamin D diagnosis of T1D, CD, and T1D&CD; however, severe deficiency was only reported in children with T1D and T1D&CD. More studies are needed to better understand the role of this deficiency in children newly diagnosed with CD and T1D.
Avaliação da água para consumo humano nas comunidades rurais do Campo Petrolífero Canto do Amaro-CPCA, RN, Brasil

Objetivou-se avaliar o sistema de abastecimento e a qualidade da água para consumo humano das comunidades rurais do Campo Petrolífero Canto do Amaro – CPCA, RN. A metodologia constou de identificação do sistema de abastecimento, avaliação do abastecimento a partir da percepção ambiental e análises físico-químicas e de metais pesados na água. Constatou-se que Turbidez, pH, Condutividade Elétrica, Dureza, Amônia, Nitrato, Nitrito, Cálcio, Magnésio e Ferro apresentaram valores aceitáveis conforme a Portaria do Ministério da Saúde n° 2.914/2011 e a Resolução Conama n° 357/2005. Para o Oxigênio Dissolvido observou-se que 84,61% das amostras apresentaram valores abaixo do permitido pela Resolução Conama n° 357/2005. Evidenciou-se também que o Teor de Óleo e Graxas (TOG) nas amostras variou entre 0,36 a 6,10 mg/L, com teor médio de 1,42 mg/L, sendo um indicativo de potencial risco à saúde humana, já que para a Resolução Conama n° 357/2005, TOG devem ser virtualmente ausentes. Os valores de Cd, Cu, Cr e Pb foram todos abaixo dos limites de detecção do método utilizado para análise. As concentrações de Zn variam entre 0,01 e 0,04 mg/L, com média de 0,01 mg/L, dentro dos valores máximos estabelecidos pela Resolução Conama n° 357/2005 e a Portaria nº 2.914/2011.
Climate sensitivity of radial growth in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) under different CO2 concentrations

Abstract This investigation examined the effects of two different carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]): Ambient (A, 385 μmol (CO2) mol−1) and elevated (E, A+385 μmol (CO2) mol−1)) on the tree-ring width and early to latewood proportion in Norway spruce for seven years (2006-2012). Further, to improve our understanding of the influence of climatic variables, we assessed the effects of precipitation and temperature. Our observations showed that spruce trees growing under elevated CO2 (EC) formed less early (p > 0.05) and latewood (p < 0.05) and hence smaller annual increments (p > 0.05) than trees in ambient CO2 (AC). Early to latewood proportion was nearly 73% and 75% in AC and EC, respectively. In both CO2 concentrations, the largest tree-rings and earlywood width was observed during 2009 and 2010, which is coincident with the highest precipitation in May (2010) and the highest air temperature in April (2009). Moreover, to determine the association between the latewood formation and air temperature during the second half of the growing season, and correlation between the earlywood formation and precipitation during the first half of the growing season we run Spearman’s correlation test, the determination coefficient values for latewood formation were r = 0.45 (AC) and r = 0.68 (EC), and for earlywood formation were r = 0.53 (AC) and r = 0.42 (EC), although coefficient values were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Also, our study indicated that temperature had stonger influence than precipitation in EC, but in AC precipitation had the strongest effect on radial growth.
Part-Object Progressive Refinement Network for Zero-Shot Learning

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) recognizes unseen images by sharing semantic knowledge transferred from seen images, encouraging the investigation of associations between semantic and visual information. Prior works have been devoted to the alignment of global visual features with semantic information, i.e., attribute vectors, or further mining the local part regions related to each attribute and then simply concatenating them for category decisions. Although effective, these works ignore intrinsic interactions between local parts and the whole object, which enables a more discriminative and representative knowledge transfer for ZSL. In this paper, we propose a Part-Object Progressive Refinement Network (POPRNet), where discriminative and transferable semantics are progressively refined by the cooperation between parts and the whole object. Specifically, POPRNet incorporates discriminative part semantics and object-centric semantics guided by semantic intensity to improve cross-domain transferability. To achieve part-object learning, a semantic-augment transformer (SaT) is proposed to model the part-object relation at the part-level via an encoder and at the object-level via a decoder, generating a comprehensive semantic representation to boost discriminability and transferability. By introducing the prototype updating module embedded with the prototype selection layers, the discriminative ability of the updated category prototype is enhanced to further improve the recognition performance of ZSL. Extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the superiority and competitiveness of our proposed POPRNet method on three public benchmark datasets. The code is available at https://github.com/ManLiuCoder/POPRNet.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an advanced form of life support technology whereby venous blood is oxygenated outside of the body and returned to the patient. ECMO was initially used as last-resort rescue therapy for patients with severe respiratory failure. Over the last four decades, it has developed into a safe, standard therapy for newborns with progressive cardiorespiratory failure, as a resuscitation therapy after cardiac arrest, and in combination with other treatments such as hypothermia and various blood filtration therapies. ECMO has also become routine for children and adults with all forms of cardiogenic shock and is also routine in early graft failure after transplantation. The one area of ongoing debate is the role of ECMO in adults with hypoxemic respiratory failure. As ECMO equipment becomes safer, earlier use improves patient outcomes. Several modifications of the two basic venovenous and venoarterial ECMO systems are now occurring, as are many minor variations in cannulation strategies and systems of care for patients receiving ECMO. The indications and situations in which ECMO have been tried continue to change, and ECMO for sub-acute and chronic illnesses is now commonplace, as is the use of ECMO in patients with clinical problems previously regarded as contraindications, such as sepsis, malignancy, and immunosuppression.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

In 2015, the demand for the presence of cardiothoracic anesthesiologists outside of the cardiac operating rooms continues to expand. Most notably, cardiothoracic anesthesiologists now find themselves called on to care for patients postoperatively in the cardiothoracic surgical intensive care unit. This article is the first in this annual series to review relevant contributions in postoperative cardiac critical care that may influence the cardiac anesthesiologist. We explore the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, management of postoperative atrial fibrillation and coagulopathy, metabolic support of the critically ill cardiothoracic surgical patient, and new insights into delirium and acute kidney injury.
Synchrony in Networks of Type 2 Interneurons Is More Robust to Noise with Hyperpolarizing Inhibition Compared to Shunting Inhibition in Both the Stochastic Population Oscillator and the Coupled Oscillator Regimes

Synchronization in the gamma band (25–150 Hz) is mediated by PV+ inhibitory interneurons, and evidence is accumulating for the essential role of gamma oscillations in cognition. Oscillations can arise in inhibitory networks via synaptic interactions between individual oscillatory neurons (mean-driven) or via strong recurrent inhibition that destabilizes the stationary background firing rate in the fluctuation-driven balanced state, causing an oscillation in the population firing rate. Previous theoretical work focused on model neurons with Hodgkin's Type 1 excitability (integrators) connected by current-based synapses. Here we show that networks comprised of simple Type 2 oscillators (resonators) exhibit a supercritical Hopf bifurcation between synchrony and asynchrony and a gradual transition via cycle skipping from coupled oscillators to stochastic population oscillator (SPO), as previously shown for Type 1. We extended our analysis to homogeneous networks with conductance rather than current based synapses and found that networks with hyperpolarizing inhibitory synapses were more robust to noise than those with shunting synapses, both in the coupled oscillator and SPO regime. Assuming that reversal potentials are uniformly distributed between shunting and hyperpolarized values, as observed in one experimental study, converting synapses to purely hyperpolarizing favored synchrony in all cases, whereas conversion to purely shunting synapses made synchrony less robust except at very high conductance strengths. In mature neurons the synaptic reversal potential is controlled by chloride cotransporters that control the intracellular concentrations of chloride and bicarbonate ions, suggesting these transporters as a potential therapeutic target to enhance gamma synchrony and cognition.