Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTEGER-PRESERVING STABILITY TEST FOR DISCRETE-TIME SYSTEMS*

The paper presents an efficient integer-preserving version for the author's stabil- ity test for discrete-time linear systems. A first naive solution that satisfies this constraint is shown to have an explosive (severely exponential) growth of the magnitude of the integers. Then a simple, but far from obvious, new recursion form is established that has a more restrained (linear) growth of coefficients. A qualitative evaluation of computing time shows that the new test form is most efficient. Its possible usefulness for determining stability constraints for filters and systems with designable parameters is illustrated by a numerical example. Its capacity to offer better numerical accuracy for high-degree polynomials is also illuminated. Additional applications may arise from its usability over other algebraic rings. The latter capacity was demonstrated recently by implementing it into an efficient stability test for two-dimensional discrete-time systems.
SYNFIX: Automatically Fixing Syntax Errors using Compiler Diagnostics

Beginning programmers struggle with the complex grammar of modern programming languages like Java, and make lot of syntax errors. The diagnostic syntax error messages from compilers and IDEs are sometimes useful, but often the messages are cryptic and puzzling. Students could be helped, and instructors’ time saved, by automated repair suggestions when dealing with syntax errors. Large samples of student errors and fixes are now available, offering the possibility of data-driven machine-learning approaches to help students fix syntax errors. Current machine-learning approaches do a reasonable job fixing syntax errors in shorter programs, but don’t work as well even for moderately longer programs. We introduce SynFix, a machine-learning based tool that substantially improves on the state-of-the-art, by learning to use compiler diagnostics, employing a very large neural model that leverages unsupervised pre-training, and relying on multi-label classification rather than autoregressive synthesis to generate the (repaired) output. We describe SynFix’s architecture in detail, and provide a detailed evaluation. We have built SynFix into a free, open-source version of Visual Studio Code; we make all our source code and models freely available.
CciMST: A Clustering Algorithm Based on Minimum Spanning Tree and Cluster Centers

The minimum spanning tree- (MST-) based clustering method can identify clusters of arbitrary shape by removing inconsistent edges. The definition of the inconsistent edges is a major issue that has to be addressed in all MST-based clustering algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel MST-based clustering algorithm through the cluster center initialization algorithm, called cciMST. First, in order to capture the intrinsic structure of the data sets, we propose the cluster center initialization algorithm based on geodesic distance and dual densities of the points. Second, we propose and demonstrate that the inconsistent edge is located on the shortest path between the cluster centers, so we can find the inconsistent edge with the length of the edges as well as the densities of their endpoints on the shortest path. Correspondingly, we obtain two groups of clustering results. Third, we propose a novel intercluster separation by computing the distance between the points at the intersection of clusters. Furthermore, we propose a new internal clustering validation measure to select the best clustering result. The experimental results on the synthetic data sets, real data sets, and image data sets demonstrate the good performance of the proposed MST-based method.
The role of bendamustine in the treatment of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Correspondence: ibrahim T Aldoss Department of internal Medicine, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha Ne, 601 North 30th Street, Suite 5850, Omaha, Ne 68131, USA Tel +1 402-201-5882 email ibrahimaldoss@creighton.edu Abstract: There is no consensus on recommendations for the treatment of relapsed and refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Bendamustine hydrochloride (bendamustine) has recently been approved for treatment of these patients. Bendamustine is a uniquely structured alkylating agent that lacks cross-resistance with other alkylators. This agent has a high degree of activity against a variety of tumor cell lines. Clinically, bendamustine has demonstrated activity against indolent NHL, chronic lymphocytic lymphoma, multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Moreover, studies have validated its activity in patients with indolent NHL who are resistant to purine analogs and rituximab. The cytotoxic activity of bendamustine has been shown to be synergistic with rituximab in hematological malignancies. The incidence of alopecia is significantly less than with other alkylating agents. Myelosuppression is the major toxicity associated with bendamustine.
Symptomatic central nervous system involvement in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia

php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Cancer Management and Research 2017:9 97–102 Cancer Management and Research Dovepress
The role of azacitidine in the management of myelodysplastic syndromes ( MDS )

Correspondence: Katharina S Götze iii Dept of Medicine, Hematology/ Oncology, Technische Universität München, ismaningerstr 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany Tel +49 89 4140 5618 Fax +49 89 4140 4879 email k.goetze@lrz.tum. de Abstract: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of common bone marrow disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral cytopenias, and a propensity for transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). For many years, the main treatment option for MDS was best supportive care which alleviates symptoms but has no effect on the natural course of the disease. The recent approval of the demethylating agent azacitidine represents a significant advance in the treatment of MDS. The results of two randomized trials with azacitidine have shown an overall response rate between 40% and 60%, an improved quality of life, a reduced risk of transformation to AML and a definite survival advantage compared to best supportive care or low-dose chemotherapy. Current data on azacitidine and its place in the treatment of MDS are reviewed.
Incidental Counting: Speeded Number Naming Through Finger Movements

The first steps in numerical cognition are usually done in conjunction with fingers. Following the assumption that abstract concepts stay associated with the sensory-motor information that was present during their acquisition and consolidation, mental number representations should always be associated with the respective finger counting components. We tested whether finger movements that imply finger counting actually prime the corresponding number concepts in adults. All participants counted number 1 with their thumb and incremented sequentially to number 5 with their pinky. In the experiment, participants sequentially and repeatedly pressed five buttons from thumb to pinky. Each button press triggered the visual presentation of a random number between 1 and 5 that had to be named aloud, resulting in 20% counting-congruent and 80% counting-incongruent finger-number mappings. Average naming latencies were significantly shorter for congruent than incongruent finger-number combinations. Furthermore, there was a distance effect where primes partly co-activated numerically close target numbers and with decreasing priming for more distant prime-target pairs. Overall, these results provide further evidence that number representations are strongly associated with finger counting experience, making fingers an effective tool for number comprehension.
Synchronous acute appendicitis and acute cholecystitis, is it a myth or reality? A literature review

Abstract Acute appendicitis and acute cholecystitis are some of the most common surgical emergencies in the emergency department. Both conditions are common causes of abdominal pain. We had a discussion about co-existing acute appendicitis and cholecystitis and if it is a myth. The concurrent presentation of acute appendicitis and cholecystitis is thought to be rare. A PubMed search of MEDLINE was performed using a combination of the keywords “acute appendicitis” and “acute cholecystitis” to obtain case reports. The search returned 11 case reports of co-existent acute appendicitis and acute cholecystitis. The aim of this review is to broaden the prospective of emergency physicians to consider more than one pathology as the cause of abdominal pain. The concurrent presentation of acute appendicitis and cholecystitis is rare but should be considered to avoid complications such as perforation and septicemia.
Multimodel Assessment of Anthropogenic Influence on Record Global and Regional Warmth During 2015

Introduction. HadCRUT4v4 observed surface temperature data (Morice et al. 2012; 5° × 5° lat.–lon. grid boxes) indicates that 2015 was a clear recordbreaking year for global annual mean temperatures (Figs. 2.1a,b,e). In this analysis, we consider only grid boxes with at least 100 years of historical data, which narrows the focus mainly to the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, the North Pacific Ocean, Europe, the United States, southern Asia, and Australia (Fig. 2.1d). Sixteen percent of this analyzed area experienced record annual warmth during 2015 (Fig. 2.1d). Observed global temperatures over the past decade had been warming at a rate less than the ensemble mean warming in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 all-forcing historical runs (CMIP5–ALL; Taylor et al. 2012). However, the record global temperature of 2015 (Fig. 2.1e), including the influence of a strong El Niño event (Fig. 2.1f), was warmer globally than the mean of the CMIP5-ALL model ensemble levels for 2015, relative to their respective 1881–1920 means. Major regions with unprecedented annual mean warmth in 2015 included the northeast Pacific and northwest Atlantic, while during September– November (SON) 2015, southern India/Sri Lanka stood out with record seasonal warmth (Fig. 2.1g; our region of focus in southern India and Sri Lanka does include some SST influence, as we used the combined SST/Tair dataset; see Supplemental Material). Only a small region south of Greenland (0.2% of the globe) experienced record annual mean cold surface temperatures (Fig. 2.1d). We constructed our regions of focus based on areas highlighted in Fig. 2.1d. These regions had some irregular shapes and were constructed to be mostly covered by new record annual or seasonal temperatures in 2015. In addition to global mean temperatures, we focused on two main regions and temporal domains—the Niño-4 region (annual means) and a region including southern India and Sri Lanka (SON means). To demonstrate the robustness for annual mean record warmth in 2015 over the Niño-4 region (Fig. 2.1g), we also showed extended reconstructed sea surface temperature (ERSST.v4; Huang et al. 2016) and Hadley Centre sea ice and sea surface temperature (HadISST1.1; Rayner et al. 2003) data reconstructions and found that these also show unprecedented annual mean warmth during 2015. This study investigates the causes of these record warm events using an eight-model set of all-forcing (anthropogenic + natural) historical climate model runs, associated long-term control (unforced) runs, and natural forcing runs (CMIP5–ALL, –CONT, and –NAT, respectively). These eight models (listed in Supplemental Material) were selected, as they were the ones with CMIP5-NAT runs extending to 2012. Our methods follow the studies of Knutson et al. (2013 and 2014); some of the descriptive text below is drawn from those reports.
Demonstration of an online tool to assist managed care formulary evidence-based decision making: meta-analysis of topical prostaglandin analog efficacy

Background: The purpose of this paper was to demonstrate the use of an online service for conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of topical prostaglandin analogs in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Methods: An online service provider (Doctor Evidence) reviewed and extracted data from the peer-reviewed literature through September 2009. Randomized controlled studies of at least three months’ duration assessing at least two prostaglandin analogs in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, or normal-tension glaucoma were included. The primary endpoint was mean IOP. Summary estimates were created using random-effects models. The Q Chi-square test was used to assess statistical heterogeneity. Results: Sixteen studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. On average, greater IOP-lowering was seen with bimatoprost relative to latanoprost (1 mmHg, P = 0.025) and travoprost (0.8 mmHg, P = 0.033) based on mean IOP after 12–26 weeks of treatment. No statistical difference was observed in IOP-lowering between latanoprost and travoprost ( P = 0.841). Findings were similar to previously published meta-analyses of topical prostaglandin analogs. Conclusion: Systematic reviews relying on meta-analytic techniques to create summary statistics are considered to be the “gold standard” for synthesizing evidence to support clinical decision-making. However, the process is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and outside the capability of most formulary managers. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of a commercial service that facilitates the process of conducting such reviews. peer-reviewed literature to determine the relative efficacy of the prostaglandin analogs bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal-tension glaucoma, and ocular hypertension. We present the results here to demonstrate the utility and value of this web-based tool for conducting a meta-analysis, leading to efficient development of a systematic review.
A Preliminary Study on the Stability of a Baroclinic Flow in Cyclostrophic Balance

We investigate the stability of a baroclinic flow in which a centrifugal force acting on the zonal flow cannot be neglected compared to the Coriolis force. It is found that in the governing equations of this problem, the coefficient which corresponds to the Coriolis parameter in the usual baroclinic instability theory becomes a function of height, and the wave number in the longitudinal direction (k) becomes an independent external parameter. When the value of the Rossby number (R0=k*H, here * is a vertical shear of the basic zonal flow and H is a depth of the layer) is small, the dynamic balance of the basic flow is always in the vicinity of pure geostrophic balance, so that the departure of eigenvalues obtained from pure geostrophic case remains small. For R0 larger than about 3.0, with an increase of *N, the dynamic balance of the basic flow is continuously changed from geostrophic balance to cyclostrophic one. It is found that in the balance close to the latter, there appear unstable waves which have fairly larger growth rate than unstable waves appearing in the usual baroclinic instability.
Meta-Calibration: Meta-Learning of Model Calibration Using Differentiable Expected Calibration Error

Calibration of neural networks is a topical problem that is becoming increasingly important for real-world use of neural networks. The problem is especially noticeable when using modern neural networks, for which there is signiﬁcant difference between the model conﬁdence and the conﬁdence it should have. Various strategies have been successfully proposed, yet there is more space for improvements. We propose a novel approach that introduces a differentiable metric for expected calibration error and successfully uses it as an objective for meta-learning, achieving competitive results with state-of-the-art approaches. Our approach presents a new direction of using meta-learning to directly optimize model calibration, which we believe will inspire further work in this promising and new direction.
Microscopic origin of excess wings in relaxation spectra of deeply supercooled liquids

We combine the giant equilibration speedup provided by the swap Monte Carlo algorithm to extensive multi-CPU molecular dynamics simulations to explore the first ten decades of the equilibrium dynamics of supercooled liquids near the experimental glass transition. We demonstrate in particular the emergence of a power law in relaxation spectra, in quantitative agreement with the excess wings observed experimentally. Detailed analysis of particle motion shows that this power law directly originates from broadly distributed processes experienced by rare, localised regions relaxing much before the bulk. We explain why these wings appear in "excess" by constructing an empirical model associating heterogeneous activated dynamics and dynamic facilitation, which appear to be the two minimal physical ingredients revealed by our simulations.
Final report on the EURAMET.PR-K1.a-2009 comparison of spectral irradiance 250 nm—2500 nm

This report gives the results of the EURAMET.PR-K1.a-2009 comparison of spectral irradiance over the wavelength range 250 nm—2500 nm. Seven laboratories took part, including the pilot. In general the results are consistent, with a few exceptions as explained in the report. The EURAMET.PR-K1.a key comparison detailed in this report was carried out to establish the degrees of equivalence for the participating European laboratories with respect to the Key Comparison Reference Value (KCRV) of the CCPR-K1.a key comparison. The EURAMET.PR-K1.a key comparison was piloted by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), who also acted as pilot for the CCPR-K1.a key comparison; a further linkage to the KCRV of the CCPR-K1.a key comparison was provided through the participation of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in both comparisons. The other participants were: National Institute of Metrology of Romania (INM-RO), Federal Office of Metrology (METAS), VSL Dutch Metrology Institute (VSL), SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden (SP) and All Russian Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements (VNIIOFI). Measurements were made by each laboratory at 44 designated wavelengths, or a subset of these wavelengths. The link laboratories made measurements at all 44 wavelengths. For the purposes of analysis each wavelength has been treated independently, as for the CCPR K1.a comparison. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm. org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Optical flow and motion detection for navigation and control of biological and technological systems

We review neural and computational measurement of optical flow. Insects are sensitive to visual motion which has been established by elecrophysiological and behavioural studies over more than half a century. We discuss the elementary motion detector theory of how optical flow is detected in the nervous system and the limitations of this theory in predicting some insect visual behaviour that is apparently driven by a measurement of optical flow. The use of optical flow techniques in aerial robotics applications that mimic the challenges faced by flying insects are compared. The limitations of optical flow measurements in computing distance to targets or speed of travel is observed and the merits of proposed solutions discussed. Finally we examine a range of optical devices that were designed to overcome the limitations of monocular optical flow and consider the new limitations that they create which have prevented their wide acceptance in robotics.
Bayesian Methods for Effective Field Theories

Microscopic predictions of the properties of atomic nuclei have reached a high level of precision in the past decade. This progress mandates improved uncertainty quantification (UQ) for a robust comparison of experiment with theory. With the uncertainty from many-body methods under control, calculations are now sensitive to the input inter-nucleon interactions. These interactions include parameters that must be fit to experiment, inducing both uncertainty from the fit and from missing physics in the operator structure of the Hamiltonian. Furthermore, the implementation of the inter-nucleon interactions is not unique, which presents the additional problem of assessing results using different interactions. Effective field theories (EFTs) take advantage of a separation of highand low-energy scales in the problem to form a power-counting scheme that allows the organization of terms in the Hamiltonian based on their expected contribution to observable predictions. This scheme gives a natural framework for quantification of uncertainty due to missing physics. The free parameters of the EFT, called the low-energy constants (LECs), must be fit to data, but in a properly constructed EFT these constants will be natural-sized, i.e., of order unity. The constraints provided by the EFT, namely the size of the systematic uncertainty from truncation of the theory and the natural size of the LECs, are assumed information even before a calculation is performed or a fit is done. Bayesian statistical methods provide a framework for treating uncertainties that naturally incorporates prior information as well as putting stochastic and systematic uncertainties on an equal footing. For EFT UQ Bayesian methods allow the relevant EFT properties to be incorporated quantitatively as prior probability distribution functions (pdfs). Following the logic of probability theory, observable quantities and underlying physical parameters such as the EFT breakdown scale may be expressed as pdfs that incorporate the prior pdfs. Problems of model selection, such as distinguishing between competing EFT implementations, are also natural in a Bayesian framework. In this thesis we focus on two complementary topics for EFT UQ using Bayesian methods— quantifying EFT truncation uncertainty and parameter estimation for LECs. Using the order-by-order calculations and underlying EFT constraints as prior information, we show how to estimate EFT truncation uncertainties. We then apply the result to
Labyrinthine domains on the phase diagram of ferroelectric nanoparticles: a manifestation of gradient-driven topological phase transition

In the framework of the Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire approach we studied finite size effects of the phase diagram and domain structure evolution in spherical nanoparticles of uniaxial ferroelectric. The particle surface is covered by a layer of screening charge characterized by finite screening length. The phase diagram, calculated in coordinates "particle radius - screening length" at room temperature has an unexpectedly wide region of versatile poly-domain states separating single-domain ferroelectric and nonpolar paraelectric phases. Unexpectedly, we revealed a region of stable irregular labyrinthine domains in the nanoparticles of uniaxial ferroelectric CuInP2S6 with the first order paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transition. Counter intuitively, the origin of labyrinthine domains is not related with electrostrictive or flexoelectric coupling. We established that labyrinthine domains originated from the joint action of incomplete surface screening and polarization gradient-driven topological phase transition. Corresponding topological number is the branching of the domain walls that increases rapidly with the gradient coefficient decrease below the critical value.