Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strain energy form coefficients for bending of short beams having full and thin-walled arbitrary cross section with application for FEM and Airfoils

The aim of this work is to develop a new generalized formula and a numerical computation program for evaluating the energy form coefficient of a complex and arbitrary cross section for full and thin-walled cross section with respect to any central axis, for the bending of beams of small lengths in comparison with the transverse dimension of the section. This coefficient plays a very important role in the calculation of the deformation energy of beams subjected to bending under the effect of a shearing force for short beams. It also enters in the formulation of FEM bending model, in order to calculate the stresses and the strains due to the external forces. The application is made for complex sections used in various fields of construction and in particular for airfoils designed for aerospace construction. A method is developed to calculate this coefficient as a function of the rotation of the central axes. The calculation of the area, the moments, and the product of inertias with respect to the central axes is necessary. The formula for calculating this coefficient is presented as a definite integral of a non-analytical function determined point by point along the direction of the application of the shear force. This function is based on the calculation of the partial static moments. The calculation of the latter is based on the development of a technique by subdividing the upper part of the section into adjacent common triangles at one point for the full solid section or by segments on the boundary for the thin-walled section. To speed up the process of numerically calculating this integral with high precision and reduced time, Gauss Legendre quadrature of order 40 is used. The calculation of the distribution of the tangential stress as well as its maximum value is determined. A shear shape coefficient is therefore determined. In the second part of this work, an application is made for the static calculation by the FEM of a hyper static beam with a view to determining the influence of this coefficient on all the parameters of resistance and bending stiffness as a correction of the classical model of bending by the FEM. A study of the error made by the classical bending model on our shear effect model is presented. A coefficient of efficiency of a section is presented.
Measurement of electric potential difference on trees

Electrical potential differences have been continuously recorded since 1997 between electrodes inserted in sixteen selected sites of the trunk of a Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) and in the ground. The measured electric potential difference data have a characteristic sinusoidal daily variation. The annual fluctuation of the mean daily amplitudes of these diurnal variations has at least two maxima per year. We found a remarkable correlation between electric potential differences (EPD), the water potential of air and sap flux density data. It means that the EPD follows the variations of the sap flow intensity.
Prevalence and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis

1 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA Albert S. Cook Library, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA Griffith University School of Medicine, Gold Coast, Australia 5 Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Surgery and Anesthesiology/Critical Care School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA 6 Division of Neuroscience Critical Care, Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Anesthesiology, and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Rice Seedling Detection in UAV Images Using Transfer Learning and Machine Learning

To meet demand for agriculture products, researchers have recently focused on precision agriculture to increase crop production with less input. Crop detection based on computer vision with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-acquired images plays a vital role in precision agriculture. In recent years, machine learning has been successfully applied in image processing for classification, detection and segmentation. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to detect rice seedlings in paddy fields using transfer learning from two machine learning models, EfficientDet-D0 and Faster R-CNN, and to compare the results to the legacy approach—histograms of oriented gradients (HOG)-based support vector machine (SVM) classification. This study relies on a significant UAV image dataset to build a model to detect tiny rice seedlings. The HOG-SVM classifier was trained and achieved an F1-score of 99% in both training and testing. The performance of HOG-SVM, EfficientDet and Faster R-CNN models, respectively, were measured in mean average precision (mAP), with 70.0%, 95.5% and almost 100% in training and 70.2%, 83.2% and 88.8% in testing, and mean Intersection-over-Union (mIoU), with 46.5%, 67.6% and 99.6% in training and 46.6%, 57.5% and 63.7% in testing. The three models were also measured with three additional datasets acquired on different dates to evaluate model applicability with various imaging conditions. The results demonstrate that both CNN-based models outperform HOG-SVM, with a 10% higher mAP and mIoU. Further, computation speed is at least 1000 times faster than that of HOG-SVM with sliding window. Overall, the adoption of transfer learning allows for rapid establishment of object detection applications with promising performance.
Impact of Aspect Ratio and Solar Heating on Street Conyn AirTemperature

The results obtained from RNG (Re-Normalization Group) version of k- turbulence model are reported in this study. The model is adopted to elucidate the impact of different building aspect ratios (i.e., ratio of building-height-to-street-canyon-width) and solar heating on temperatures in street canyon. The validation of Navier-Stokes and energy transport equations showed that the model prediction for air-temperature and ambient wind provides reasonable accuracy. The model was applied on AR (Aspect Ratios) one to eight and surface temperature difference (s-a) of 2 -8. Notably, air-temperatures were higher in high AR street canyons in particular on the leeward side of the street canyon. Further investigation showed that the difference between the air-temperature of high and low AR street canyons ( AR) was positive and high with higher s-a. Conversely, the AR become negative and low gradually with lower values of s-a. These results could be very beneficial for the city and regional planners, civil engineers and HVAC experts who design street canyons and strive for human thermal comfort with minimum possible energy requirements.
Centroaffine Minimal Surfaces with Constant Curvature Metric

Abstract. We classify centroaﬃne minimal surfaces with constant curvature metric un-der some natural conditions on the cubic diﬀerentials. 0. IntroductionIn the early 20th century Tzitz´eica [10], [11], [12] made an epoch in aﬃne diﬀer-ential geometry. He showed that the ratio of the Gaussian curvature to the fourthpower of the support function from the origin for a surface in the Euclidean 3-spaceR 3 is invariant under centroaﬃne transformations and studied surfaces such thatthe above quantity is constant. Nowadays such surfaces are known as proper aﬃnespheres [2]. They are one of classes of surfaces which are now called integrable-like surfaces with constant Gaussian or mean curvature. On the other hand inthe context of centroaﬃne geometry Liu-Wang [6], [13] introduced a new class ofhypersurfaces called centroaﬃne minimal hypersurfaces and classiﬁed such surfacesin R 3 with vanishing centroaﬃne Chebyshev operator. Moreover Schief [8] showedthat centroaﬃne minimal surfaces in R 3 are also integrable-like Bianchi surfacesor surfaces with harmonic inverse mean curvature in Euclidean geometry [3]. Inparticular these surfaces possess a one-parameter family of deformations preservinga certain geometric quantity such as Chebyshev angle, the ratio of the principalcurvatures or the centroaﬃne metric.In this paper, we obtain classiﬁcation of centroaﬃne minimal surfaces withconstant curvature metric under the conditions that the coeﬃcients of the cubicdiﬀerentials coincide with each other for indeﬁnite surfaces and the coeﬃcient ofthe cubic diﬀerential is real-valued for deﬁnite surfaces. Therefore our classiﬁca-tion might be regarded as a generalization of the results about aﬃne spheres withconstant curvature metric due to Magid-Ryan [7] and Simon [9] and also an analog
Designing an Online Student Center

This design case focuses on the design, development, and management of an online student center. In order to bridge and build community among a population of master’s students in an online program, an online student center was developed to become a one-stop-shop. This center houses vital program information and helps to foster relationships among online users. This case will dig deeper into the process one university took to design and develop this center, give an overview of information provided to students, and discuss the maintenance of running the center to best support their learners. Insights and reflection on the design process and next steps will be described and discussed. Finally by detailing the process, the author hopes that readers will gain a better understanding of building community among learners in a fullly online program.
Real-world evidence to assess the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of knee degenerative pathology: a prospective observational study

Objective: The present work aims to analyse the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in degenerative knee pathology based on real-world data and to evaluate possible factors influencing the response to treatment. Methods: In total, 531 cases were analysed collecting data on gender, age, body mass index, pathology location, severity, number of cycles and route of administration. Clinical outcome was evaluated at 6 and 15 months after treatment, using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and obtaining percentages of Minimal Clinically Important Improvement (MCII). Blood and PRP samples were randomly tested as a quality control measure to ensure the correct properties. Comparative statistical tests and multivariate regression were performed for the analysis of the variables. Results: The PRP applied had a platelet concentration factor of 1.67, with no leukocytes or erythrocytes. The percentage of patients with MCII at 6 and 15 months after PRP application was 59.32% and 70.62%, respectively. Patients with MCII were younger (p = 0.0246) and with lower body mass index (p = 0.0450). The treatment had a better response in mild/moderate cases than in severe cases (p = 0.0002). Intraosseous PRP application in severe cases improved the effect of intraarticular PRP (p = 0.0358). The application of a second cycle of PRP only improved the response in patients without MCII at 6 months (p = 0.0029), especially in mild/moderate cases (p = 0.0357). Conclusion: The applications of PRP in degenerative knee pathologies is an effective treatment, but this effectiveness nonetheless depends on several variables. Real-world data can complement that from clinical trials to provide valuable information.
The Optimal Design of Bifactor Multidimensional Computerized Adaptive Testing with Mixed-format Items

Multidimensional computerized adaptive testing (MCAT) using mixed-format items holds great potential for the next-generation assessments. Two critical factors in the mixed-format test design (i.e., the order and proportion of polytomous items) and item selection were addressed in the context of mixed-format bifactor MCAT. For item selection, this article presents the derivation of the Fisher information matrix of the bifactor graded response model and the application of the bifactor dimension reduction method to simplify the computation of the mutual information (MI) item selection method. In a simulation study, different MCAT designs were compared with varying proportions of polytomous items (0.2–0.6, 1), different item-delivering formats (DPmix: delivering polytomous items at the final stage; RPmix: random delivering), three bifactor patterns (low, middle, and high), and two item selection methods (Bayesian D-optimality and MI). Simulation results suggested that a) the overall estimation precision increased with a higher bifactor pattern; b) the two item selection methods did not show substantial differences in estimation precision; and c) the RPmix format always led to more precise interim and final estimates than the DPmix format. The proportions of 0.3 and 0.4 were recommended for the RPmix and DPmix formats, respectively.
Performance of E-Banking and the Mediating Effect of Customer Satisfaction: A Structural Equation Model Approach

Online payment is a trend that is gaining momentum globally. As a result of digitisation, the advent of online banking has increasingly made its way into the modern marketplace, serving not only customers but also corporations. The primary data were gathered from 287 participants. Stratified random sampling was used. Structure Equation Modelling (SEM), reliability, convergent, discriminate validity and model fitness were achieved through SmartPLS 3 (Christian M. Ringle, Germany). The findings reveal that efficiency, reliability and service quality have a significant direct effect on customer satisfaction and customer retention. It also shows the significant effect of efficiency, reliability and service quality when using customer satisfaction as a mediator for customer retention. It is possible that the data gathered may be valuable for both banks and enterprises interested in entering the Indian market. This research also specifies four main components of E-banking: efficiency, reliability, service quality and customer satisfaction.
Analyzing Second-Year University Students’ Rational Number Understanding: A Case on Interpreting and Representing Fraction

This research aims to determine second-year university students’ understanding in interpreting and representing fractions. A set of fraction tests was given to students through two direct learning interventions. An unstructured interview was used as an instrument to obtain explanations and confirmations from the purposive participants. A total of 112 student teachers of primary teacher education program at two private universities in Indonesia were involved in this research. A qualitative method with a holistic type case study design was used in this research. The results indicate that a significant percentage of the participants could not correctly interpret and represent fractions. In terms of interpretation, it is found how language could obscure the misunderstanding of fractions. Then, the idea of a fraction as part of a whole is the most widely used in giving meaning to a fraction compared to the other four interpretations, but with limited understanding. Regarding data representation, many participants failed to provide a meaningful illustration showing the improper fraction and mix number compared to the proper fraction. Improvement of fraction teaching at universities - particularly in primary teacher education programs - is needed so that students get the opportunity to develop and improve their knowledge profoundly. We discuss implications for teaching fractions.
Case Study: The Farming Subdivision as a Concept to Change Non-engineering Majors' Perception of Engineering

Dr. Foutz is a Josiah Meigs Distinguished Teaching Professor of Engineering at the University of Georgia. He was the inaugural director of the First-Year Odyssey program, classes designed to introduce freshmen to the academic life of the University. Dr. Foutz has received federal funding to integrate humanities and social science topics into his course materials. For over 28 years, he has taught fundamental engineering courses as well as advanced design courses.
Modeling and track planning for the automation of BMW model car

In recent years, autonomous driving technologies have become a topic of growing interest due to the promise of safer and more convenient mode of transportation. An essential element in every autonomous driving system is the control algorithm. Classical control schemes, like PID, are not able to manage Multiple Inputs-Multiple Outputs, complex, non-linear systems. A more recent control strategy is Model predictive control (MPC), a modern control method that has shown promising results in systems with complex dynamics. In MPC, a sequence of optimal control inputs are predicted within a short time horizon based on the car dynamics, and soft or hard restriction of the system. In this work, three different nonlinear-MPC (NMPC) controllers were formulated based on a kinematic, and two dynamic models (double-track and single-track). The steering system’s dynamics were additionally identified using experimental data. Each MPC was solved applying direct methods, by transforming the optimal control problem to a Nonlinear programming (NLP) problem using the Multiple shooting scheme with a Runge-Kutta 4 integrator. The NLPs were solved using the state-of-the-art optimization solver IpOpt. Before the real-time implementation, all the NMPC controllers were simulated in different scenarios and multiple configurations. The results allowed to select the most suitable controllers to be implemented in a 1:5 scale robotic car. Finally, two NMPC controllers based on the kinematic, and the single-track dynamic model were implemented in the robotic car. The algorithms were tested in two different scenarios at the maximum possible speed. The obtained results from the tests were very promising, and provide compelling evidence that MPC could be implemented as the core of future autonomous driving algorithms, since it computes the optimal control inputs, taking in consideration the restrictions inherent to the system. Master thesis Toshiharu Tabuchi 3
Chatbot-Delivered COVID-19 Vaccine Communication Message Preferences of Young Adults and Public Health Workers in Urban American Communities: Qualitative Study

Background Automated conversational agents, or chatbots, have a role in reinforcing evidence-based guidance delivered through other media and offer an accessible, individually tailored channel for public engagement. In early-to-mid 2021, young adults and minority populations disproportionately affected by COVID-19 in the United States were more likely to be hesitant toward COVID-19 vaccines, citing concerns regarding vaccine safety and effectiveness. Successful chatbot communication requires purposive understanding of user needs. Objective We aimed to review the acceptability of messages to be delivered by a chatbot named VIRA from Johns Hopkins University. The study investigated which message styles were preferred by young, urban-dwelling Americans as well as public health workers, since we anticipated that the chatbot would be used by the latter as a job aid. Methods We conducted 4 web-based focus groups with 20 racially and ethnically diverse young adults aged 18-28 years and public health workers aged 25-61 years living in or near eastern-US cities. We tested 6 message styles, asking participants to select a preferred response style for a chatbot answering common questions about COVID-19 vaccines. We transcribed, coded, and categorized emerging themes within the discussions of message content, style, and framing. Results Participants preferred messages that began with an empathetic reflection of a user concern and concluded with a straightforward, fact-supported response. Most participants disapproved of moralistic or reasoning-based appeals to get vaccinated, although public health workers felt that such strong statements appealing to communal responsibility were warranted. Responses tested with humor and testimonials did not appeal to the participants. Conclusions To foster credibility, chatbots targeting young people with vaccine-related messaging should aim to build rapport with users by deploying empathic, reflective statements, followed by direct and comprehensive responses to user queries. Further studies are needed to inform the appropriate use of user-customized testimonials and humor in the context of chatbot communication.
Preferred luminance distribution in windowless spaces

The relationship of preferred ceiling luminance to that of recessed louvered fittings at different luminance levels was determined by observations in a model representing a windowless office. By optical simulation, observations were also made to determine optimum luminance of surface-mounted fittings in relation to illuminance. Preferred luminance levels gave a degree of glare approaching IES recommended limits at 500 lux, but a lower degree was required at higher levels. Preferred ceiling luminances with the surface-mounted fittings were in the region of 150-200 cd/m2.
Effect of glycine equivalent levels in low protein diet containing different SID threonine concentrations on performance, serum metabolites and muscle creatine of broiler chickens

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate glycine equivalent (Glyequi) requirement in low crude protein (CP) diets with different levels of standardised ileal digestible (SID) threonine (Thr) on performance, serum metabolites, and muscle creatine of broiler chickens from 1 to 21 d age. A total of 1275 one-day-old male Cobb-Vantress chicks were distributed in a completely randomised 3 × 5 factorial arrangement for a total of 15 treatments with 5 replicates of 17 birds each. Diets were formulated to comprise three dietary SID of Thr concentrations 6.9, 8.1 and 9.3 g/kg and five dietary Glyequi levels (12.8, 14.3, 15.8, 17.3 and 18.8 g/kg). An interaction (p < 0.05) was observed between the Glyequi and SID Thr levels for feed:gain and serum uric acid (SUA). With increasing levels of Glyequi, feed:gain decreased linearly (p < 0.05) in 6.9 and 8.1 g/kg SID Thr diets while SUA decreased linearly (p < 0.05) in 6.9 g/kg SID Thr diet. In diet containing 9.3 g/kg SID Thr, increasing Glyequi level optimised feed:gain (p = 0.04) at an estimated minimum level of 15.5 g/kg. Glyequi levels resulted in a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on BWG, feed:gain, muscle creatine with optimum point of 17.2, 16.7, 17.1 g/kg, respectively. Therefore, minimum requirement of Glyequi in low CP (174.0 g/kg) diet needed to optimised performance is 15.5 g/kg in 9.3 g/kg SID Thr diet, but could be or higher than 20.9 g/kg in 6.9 g/kg and 8.1 g/kg SID Thr diets for broilers. Highlights Feeding a low-protein diet of 174 g/kg with adequate Thr concentration at higher Glyequi levels could support performance in broilers of 1–21 d old. Provision of 15.5 g/kg Glyequi in low CP diet containing 9.3 g/kg SID Thr level is required to improve performance. Sufficient supply of dietary Thr concentration represents a sparing effect of Gly especially at marginal levels of dietary Glyequi in low-CP diets.