Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CircRNA: a rising star in leukemia

Non-coding RNA are a class of RNA that lack the potential to encode proteins. CircRNAs, generated by a post-splicing mechanism, are a newly discovered type of non-coding RNA with multi-functional covalent loop structures. CircRNAs may play an important role in the occurrence and progression of tumors. Research has shown that circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in various types of human cancers, including leukemia. In this review, we summarize the expression and function of circRNAs and their impact on different types of leukemia. We also illustrate the function of circRNAs on immune modulation and chemoresistance in leukemia and their impact on its diagnosis and prognosis. Herein, we provide an understanding of recent advances in research that highlight the importance of circRNAs in proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and autophagy in different types of leukemia. Furthermore, circRNAs make an indispensable difference in the modulation of the immunity and chemoresistance of leukemia. Increasing evidence suggests that circRNAs may play a vital role in the diagnostic and prognostic markers of leukemia because of their prominent properties. More detailed preclinical studies on circRNAs are needed to explore effective ways in which they can serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of leukemia in vivo.
Multidrug-Resistant Organism Infections of Inpatients in a Hospital in Eastern China from 2015 to 2021

Background The prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) is gradually increasing in the global scope, causing serious burden to patients and society, which is an important public health problem. Objective To analyze the distribution and trend of MDROs and provide a reference for hospital infection control. Methods Collected data on MDROs infections among inpatients in a Grade III Level A hospital in Suzhou from 2015 to 2021, including drug-resistant bacteria strains and specimen sources, etc. Mantel-Haenszel χ2 test was used to evaluate the trend of infection rates over the years and SPSS version 26.0 was used for statistics analysis. Results The hospital infection rate showed an overall downward trend across the seven-year period, ranging from 1.53% to 2.10%. According to the analysis of change of drug-resistant bacteria strains, the highest infection rate was carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRABA) (63.74%), followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (46.37%), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPAE) (24.87%), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) (13.14%) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) (0.42%). The results of Mantel-Haenszel χ2 test showed that there was a linear relationship between the detection rate of CRE and CRPAE and the time (P<0.001), but the correlation was not strong (R = 0.136; R = 0.139). The overall detection rate of the five pathogens also increased (P<0.001). The majority of the specimens, mainly from sputum, airway secretions, and midstream urine, had a detection rate of over 70%. Conclusion Our data showed that the detection rate of MDROs generally increased from 2015 to 2021, although the hospital infection rate displayed a declining trend. Among the detection rate MDROs, the highest was CRABA, and the lowest was VRE. It is necessary to enhance the prevention, control, and management of MDROs infections in the clinical practice.
Association between Apical Periodontitis and Chronic Diseases: An Umbrella Review

Introduction: To assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews (SRs) that evaluated the association between apical periodontitis (AP) and chronic diseases. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was performed in the databases PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and Open Grey. SRs that evaluated the association between any chronic disease and AP, and that had performed a valid risk of bias assessment were included. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used for quality assessment and each included systematic review received a final categorization as having “high”, “moderate”, “low”, or “critically low” quality. Results: Nine studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. The diseases investigated were cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, HIV, osteoporosis, chronic liver disease, blood disorders and autoimmune diseases. The systematic reviews included in this umbrella review showed a ‘low’ to ‘high’ quality of evidence. Conclusion: There are substantial heterogeneity and several methodological concerns in the included studies. It was observed a positive association between diabetes mellitus and apical periodontitis with limited evidence, no association between HIV and apical periodontitis and a positive association between apical periodontitis and cardiovascular disease, blood disorders, chronic liver disease, osteoporosis and autoimmune diseases with moderate evidence.
Mpox virus and coinfections: An approach to rapid diagnosis

We report a case of a 42‐year‐old immunocompromised (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], CD4 count 86 cells/μL) Black male who presented with fever, oropharyngeal candidiasis, and phimosis, followed by eruption of umbilicated papulovesicles most concentrated on the face. The patient was diagnosed with Mpox (MPXV, formerly monkeypox), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), and late latent syphilis. Tzanck smear of a Mpox lesion proved a useful and rapidly obtained pertinent negative test, lacking the typical changes of HSV/VZV (multinucleation, margination, and molding). A biopsy specimen showed viral changes consistent with both Mpox (ballooning degeneration and multinucleated keratinocytes) and herpesvirus (multinucleated epithelial giant cell within a zone of follicular necrosis). Lesion PCR was positive for HSV1 and MPXV, and negative for HSV2 and VZV. Immunohistochemistry was positive for VZV and orthopoxvirus. Empiric treatment for HSV/VZV in patients with suspected or confirmed Mpox should be considered for patients with HIV or other immunocompromised patients. It is important to recognize that MPXV, HSV, and VZV may all be present and difficult to distinguish clinically. More than one test modality (PCR, H&E, immunohistochemistry, and Tzanck) and multiple lesion samples may be required to thoroughly evaluate widespread papulovesicular eruptions, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Galactosylation of serum immunoglobulin G in myasthenia gravis with different autoantibodies

Abstract Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease with impaired transmission at the neuromuscular junction, characterised by weakness and fatigability of skeletal muscles. In acquired autoimmune MG, antibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChRAb) or muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSKAb) are present. There is not much data about immunoglobulin G (IgG) galactosylation in MG, and none based on interactions with lectins. This study aims to examine IgG galactosylation in two types of myasthenia, using affinity immunoelectrophoresis with lectin concanavalin A (Con A). Affinity of Con A–IgG interaction, expressed as retardation coefficient (R), indicated the presence of degalactosylated IgG. The average R values were significantly different between three examined groups, being the lowest in controls (healthy subjects), higher in acetylcholine receptor (AChR) MG, and the highest in muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) MG (ANOVA, p < .05). This indicated decreased galactosylation of IgG in both types of MG compared to controls, more pronounced in MuSK MG. IgG galactosylation was also investigated in relation to the disease severity score, determined according to the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) criteria, at the time of diagnosis, nadir of the disease and last check-out visit. The average R values for mild disease (stages I–IIIa) were significantly lower than for severe disease (stages IIIb–V), both at the time of diagnosis (p < .05), and at the nadir of the disease (p < .05). Thus, IgG galactosylation was associated with the presence of specific autoantibodies in MG, as well as with disease severity for both types of MG, and may be a predictive marker of MG outcome.
Portable fixed dynamometry enables home-based, reliable assessment of muscle strength in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a pilot study

Abstract Objective To determine the feasibility, reliability, and sensitivity of remotely monitoring muscle strength loss of knee extensors using a novel portable fixed dynamometer (PFD) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods We conducted a pilot study with a newly developed device to measure knee extension strength. Patients performed unsupervised PFD measurements, biweekly, for 6 months at home. We evaluated feasibility using adherence and a device-specific questionnaire. Reliability was assessed by (1) comparing unsupervised and supervised measurements to identify systematic bias, and (2) comparing consecutive unsupervised measurements to determine test-retest reliability expressed as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM). Sensitivity to detect longitudinal change was described using linear mixed-effects models. Results We enrolled 18 patients with ALS. Adherence was 86%, where all patients found that the device suitable to measure muscle strength at home; 4 patients (24%) found the measurements burdensome. The correlation between (un)supervised measurements was excellent (Pearson’s r 0.97, 95%CI; 0.94 − 0.99) and no systematic bias was present (mean difference 0.13, 95%CI; −2.22 − 2.48, p = 0.91). Unsupervised measurements had excellent test-retest reliability with an average ICC of 0.97 (95%CI: 0.94 − 0.99) and SEM of 5.8% (95%CI: 4.8 − 7.0). Muscle strength declined monthly by 1.9 %predicted points (95%CI; −3.0 to −0.9, p = 0.001). Conclusions Using the PFD, it proved feasible to perform knee extension strength measurements at home which were reliable and sensitive for detecting muscle strength loss. Larger studies are warranted to compare the device with conventional outcomes.
Associations of Alcohol Consumption and Smoking Behaviors with Depressed Mood According to Gender in Korean Young Adults

Background Recent studies have reported that chronic mental health problems often emerge in young adulthood. This study elucidated the independent effects of smoking and drinking on depressed mood in young adults by sex. Methods We used Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted in 2014, 2016, and 2018. A total of 3,391 participants aged 19–35 years, without serious chronic diseases, were recruited for this study. Depression was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results Smoking behavior, current smoking, and number of days smoked were significantly associated with higher PHQ-9 scores in both men and women (all P<0.05). However, past and ever smoking were positively associated with PHQ-9 scores only in women (all P<0.001). Regarding alcohol consumption, the age at which drinking first began was negatively associated with PHQ-9 scores in both men and women (all P<0.001), but the amount of alcohol consumed at 1 time was positively associated with PHQ-9 scores only in women (P=0.013). Men who drank 2–4 times a month and women who had not drunk during the past year had the lowest PHQ-9 scores. Conclusion Smoking and alcohol consumption were independently associated with depressed mood in young Korean adults, which was more pronounced in women, and exhibited sex-specific characteristics.
The Robustness of Binary Logistic Regression and Linear Discriminant Analysis for the Classification and Differentiation between Dairy Cows and Buffaloes

This study was planned to evaluate the performance of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and binary logistic regression (BLR) for differentiation between Friesian cows and buffaloes on the basis of days in milk (DIM), milk yield per year (kg), days open (DO), calving interval (CI), and age at first calving (AFC, month). Considering the assumptions behind each method, LDA and BLR were compared according to sample size impact and lack of multivariate normality of predictors. A random sample of 1070 cases was selected from the animals being represented by all predictors. The comparison between LDA and BLR was based on the significance of coefficients, classification rate, and area under ROC curve (AUC). Results showed that both methods selected DIM, DO and AFC as the significant (P < 0.01) contributors for data classification. The percentages of correct classification were 67.4% and 67.5%, for LDA and BLR, respectively. Besides, The AUCs were 0.660 and 0.664, for LDA and LR, respectively. Overall, sample size has the same impact on both analyses. However, BLR showed slight superiority for animals being correctly classified. In conclusion, LDA and BLR can be used effectively for classification of dairy cattle breeds, even with violation of normality assumption.
Weight discrimination, BMI, or weight bias internalization? Testing the best predictor of psychological distress and body dissatisfaction

This study aimed: (1) to compare psychological distress (PD) and body dissatisfaction (BD) in terms of BMI, weight bias internalization (WBI), and weight discrimination (current and past); (2) to assess the best predictor of PD and BD and assess the relationships with weight discrimination, BD, and WBI.
Lower systemic nitric oxide bioactivity, cerebral hypoperfusion and accelerated cognitive decline in formerly concussed retired rugby union players

What is the central question of this study? What are the molecular, cerebrovascular and cognitive biomarkers of retired rugby union players with concussion history? What is the main finding and its importance? Retired rugby players compared with matched controls exhibited lower systemic nitric oxide bioavailability accompanied by lower middle cerebral artery velocity and mild cognitive impairment. Retired rugby players are more susceptible to accelerated cognitive decline.
Patients' expectations, experience and acceptability of postoperative analgesia: a nested qualitative study within a randomised controlled trial comparing rectus sheath catheter and thoracic epidural analgesia

Adequate postoperative analgesia is a key element of enhanced recovery programmes. Thoracic epidural analgesia is associated with superior postoperative analgesia but can lead to complications. Rectus sheath catheter analgesia may provide an alternative. In a nested qualitative study (within a two‐year randomised controlled trial) focussing on the acceptability, expectations and experiences of receiving the interventions, participants (n = 20) were interviewed 4 weeks post‐intervention using a grounded theory approach. Constant comparative analysis, with patient and public involvement, enabled emerging findings to be pursued through subsequent data collection. We found no notable differences regarding postoperative acceptability or the experience of pain management. Pre‐operatively, however, thoracic epidural analgesia was a source of anticipatory fear and anxiety. Both interventions resulted in some experienced adverse events (proportionately more with thoracic epidural analgesia). Participants had negative experiences of the insertion of thoracic epidural analgesia; others receiving the rectus sheath catheter lacked confidence in staff members' ability to manage the local anaesthetic infusion pump. The anticipation of the technique of thoracic epidural analgesia, and concerns about its impact on mobility, represented an additional, unpleasant experience for patients already managing an illness experience, anticipating a life‐changing operation and dealing with concerns about the future. The anticipation of rectus sheath catheter analgesia was not associated with such anxieties. Patients' experiences start far earlier than the experience of the intervention itself through anticipatory anxieties and fears about receiving a technique and its potential implications. Complex pain packages can take on greater meaning than their actual efficacy in relieving postoperative pain. Future research into patient acceptability and experience should not focus solely on efficacy of pain relief but should include anticipatory fears, anxieties and experiences.
The inhibitory receptor Siglec‐G controls the severity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults in the Western world. B cell receptor (BCR) signaling is known to be crucial for the pathogenesis and maintenance of CLL cells which develop from mature CD5+ B cells. BCR signaling is regulated by the inhibitory co‐receptor Siglec‐G and Siglec‐G‐deficient mice have an enlarged CD5+ B1a cell population. Here, we determine how Siglec‐G expression influences the severity of CLL. Our results show that Siglec‐G deficiency leads to earlier onset and more severe course of the CLL‐like disease in the murine Eμ‐TCL1 model. In contrast, mice overexpressing Siglec‐G on the B cell surface are almost completely protected from developing CLL‐like disease. Furthermore, we observe a downmodulation of the human ortholog Siglec‐10 from the surface of human CLL cells. These results demonstrate a critical role for Siglec‐G in disease progression in mice, and suggest that a similar mechanism for Siglec‐10 in human CLL may exist.
Individual and interactive effects of warming and nitrogen supply on CO2 fluxes and carbon allocation in subarctic grassland

Climate warming has been suggested to impact high latitude grasslands severely, potentially causing considerable carbon (C) losses from soil. Warming can also stimulate nitrogen (N) turnover, but it is largely unclear whether and how altered N availability impacts belowground C dynamics. Even less is known about the individual and interactive effects of warming and N availability on the fate of recently photosynthesized C in soil. On a 10‐year geothermal warming gradient in Iceland, we studied the effects of soil warming and N addition on CO2 fluxes and the fate of recently photosynthesized C through CO2 flux measurements and a 13CO2 pulse‐labeling experiment. Under warming, ecosystem respiration exceeded maximum gross primary productivity, causing increased net CO2 emissions. N addition treatments revealed that, surprisingly, the plants in the warmed soil were N limited, which constrained primary productivity and decreased recently assimilated C in shoots and roots. In soil, microbes were increasingly C limited under warming and increased microbial uptake of recent C. Soil respiration was increased by warming and was fueled by increased belowground inputs and turnover of recently photosynthesized C. Our findings suggest that a decade of warming seemed to have induced a N limitation in plants and a C limitation by soil microbes. This caused a decrease in net ecosystem CO2 uptake and accelerated the respiratory release of photosynthesized C, which decreased the C sequestration potential of the grassland. Our study highlights the importance of belowground C allocation and C‐N interactions in the C dynamics of subarctic ecosystems in a warmer world.
Interventions for youth suicide and suicide-related behaviour: An update to a systematic review

Objective To update our 2018 review with the latest evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent youth suicide and suicide-related behaviour. Method In keeping with our 2018 review, Embase, PsycInfo, and Medline were searched using relevant key words. Included trials were RCTs evaluating the impact of an intervention or approach designed to prevent or reduce youth suicide and suicide-related behaviour. Key data were extracted, and results synthesised narratively. Results Thirty RCTs were included across clinical (n = 13), educational (n = 8), and community settings (n = 9). No trials were conducted in workplace or primary care settings, or with indigenous populations, and few trials involved partnerships with young people. There were some concerns or a high risk of bias for most trials. Conclusion While a relatively large number of RCTs have been published in recent years, knowledge gaps remain. Further high-quality RCTs are needed, including those focussing on vulnerable population groups. Meaningful consumer involvement and a stronger emphasis on implementation are also recommended.
Common Histological Features Suggesting Enchondral Ossification Pathways in Calciphylaxis of Various Origins: A Study of Human Subcutaneous Tissue Biopsies

Calciphylaxis is a rare, yet underdiagnosed condition causing high mortality in patients with severe renal and cardiovascular disease. Since knowledge of the pathophysiology of calciphylaxis is limited, a differential analysis of histological alterations in patient subgroups with various comorbidities might expose different disease phenotypes and allow deeper insights into the pathophysiology of the condition. Histological markers of osteogenesis and calcification were investigated in a group of 18 patients with clinically and histologically verified calciphylaxis, using immunohistochemical staining. Analysis of staining intensity and distribution of marker proteins in histological structures was performed to evaluate distinct patterns between subgroups with different clinical comorbidities in comparison with a control group. In all cases, immunohistochemical staining for bone matrix proteins, bone-morphogenic proteins and matrix-Gla proteins co-localized with subcutaneous vascular and interstitial calcifications. Significant expression of bone-morphogenic protein-7 and active matrix-Gla protein was observed. Mortality was associated with renal comorbidities and increased expression of bone-morphogenic protein-7. However, no distinct histological patterns were found between subgroups with renal disease, warfarin intake or coexisting micro- and macro-angiopathies. The upregulation of osteogenic markers (including bone-morphogenic protein-7) plays a major role in the development of calciphylaxis. Clinical outcome correlates with kidney function and phosphate handling, suggesting different pathophysiological mechanisms. However, biopsy at late-stage disease shows a common histological phenotype, involving enchondral ossification. SIGNIFICANCE Calciphylaxis is a rare, calcifying, occlusive vessel disease with different aetiopathological origins and high mortality. Previous histological studies have shown upregulation of bone-morphogenic proteins, bone matrix proteins, and dysbalance of calcification inhibitors. This study confirmed the upregulation of osteogenic markers, including the first evidence of upregulation of bone-morphogenic-protein 7, in calciphylaxis. Renal function, sequential comorbidities, phosphate handling and high expression of bone-morphogenic protein-7 were identified as predictors of clinical outcome. However, the histological appearance did not differ between patients with different comorbidities. Therefore, disease evolution may have different pathophysiological drivers with a common pathophysiological endpoint. This underlines the need for individualization of multimodal treatment in calciphylaxis.