Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How can I say no? Savings and Forced Solidarity in the Extended Family: Evidence from Senegal

In absence of efficient financial markets and low formal public redistribution, social solidarity and especially family institutions play a preponderant role as insurance provider, that may entail some inefficiency costs, through resource allocation distortions. The present paper is aimed at investigating the influence of sharing norms within the Senegalese family institution on savings decisions. Based an original qualitative survey in which several members of extended families were interviewed in different locations of Senegal, I define individual profiles with respect to their degree of participation and position in their kin network. I subsequently characterize how these profiles differently influence the response to the family pressure on savings. Using a nationally representative household survey collected in 2006 in Senegal, I test for these mechanisms, estimating the effect of family pressure on savings. I distinguish between sharable and non-sharable savings, defined as assets that are more or less subject to the family tax. Family network size is captured by an exogenous dimension, the number of siblings, fruit of the past decision made by parents. Hence, I provide suggestive evidence that a larger family pressure to share income increases the level of non-sharable savings for men but do not affect the one for women, indicating that men try to evade the family tax while women -principal beneficiaries of the transfersdo not. JEL Classification: D91, D1, Z13
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Stochasticity in signal transduction pathways

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Cyberbullying Detection based on Semantic-Enhanced Marginalized Denoising Auto-Encoder

-Social Networking is a group of Internet based applications that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content. Via social media, people can enjoy enormous information, convenient communication experience and so on. Since, social media may have some side effects such as cyberbullying, which may have negative impacts on the life of people, especially children and teenagers. Cyberbullying can be defined as aggressive, intentional actions performed by an individual or a group of people via digital communication methods such as sending messages and posting comments against a victim. Different from traditional bullying that usually occurs at school during face-to-face communication, cyberbullying on social media can take place anywhere at any time. Most of the individuals involved in these activities belong to the younger generations, especially teenagers, who in the worst scenario are at more risk of suicidal attempts. Here, we propose the technique for detection and avoidance of cyberbullying words in social media when cyberbullying takes place. And also proposing the technique for detection and blocking the accessing of a predator in social media.
Diagnosis of liver tumors by multimodal ultrasound imaging

Abstract To investigate the diagnostic value of multimodal ultrasound imaging composed of conventional ultrasonography (US), contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), and shear wave elastography (SWE) for liver tumors. Between October 2017 and October 2019, US, CEUS, and SWE examinations of a total of 158 liver tumors in 136 patients at The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were performed. The histopathological or imaging diagnostic results were used as controls to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of US, CEUS, SWE, and multimodal ultrasound imaging, which combines these 3 modes, in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant liver tumors. Among the 158 tumors, there were 64 benign tumors, including 55 cases of hepatic hemangioma, 3 cases of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, 4 cases of hepatic cyst, and 2 cases of focal nonuniform distribution of fat in the liver. There were 94 malignant tumors, including 32 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 22 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma, 29 cases of metastatic liver cancer, and 11 cases of dysplastic nodules in cirrhotic liver. In the diagnosis of benign and malignant liver tumors, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 82.56%, 68.06%, 75.96%, 75.53%, and 76.56% for US; 92.39%, 86.36%, 89.87%, 90.43%, and 89.06% for CEUS; 87.14%, 76.81%, 82.91%, 82.98%, and 82.81% for SWE; and 97.85%, 95.38%, 96.83%, 96.81%, and 96.88% for multimodal ultrasound imaging, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were all significantly higher for multimodal ultrasound imaging than those values for US, CEUS, and SWE (all P < .05). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for US, CEUS, SWE, and multimodal ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of benign and malignant liver tumors were 0.760, 0.897, 0.829, and 0.968, respectively. US, CEUS, and SWE all have diagnostic value in the diagnosis of benign and malignant liver tumors. Multimodal ultrasound imaging could significantly increase the accuracy of the diagnosis of benign and malignant liver tumors and has higher value for clinical application.
No‐arbitrage implies power‐law market impact and rough volatility

Market impact is the link between the volume of a (large) order and the price move during and after the execution of this order. We show that in a quite general framework, under no‐arbitrage assumption, the market impact function can only be of power‐law type. Furthermore, we prove this implies that the macroscopic price is diffusive with rough volatility, with a one‐to‐one correspondence between the exponent of the impact function and the Hurst parameter of the volatility. Hence, we simply explain the universal rough behavior of the volatility as a consequence of the no‐arbitrage property. From a mathematical viewpoint, our study relies, in particular, on new results about hyper‐rough stochastic Volterra equations.
Fractional Josephson effect with and without Majorana zero modes

It is known that the low-energy physics of the Josephson effect in the presence of Majorana zero modes exhibits a $4\pi$ periodicity as the Aharonov-Bohm flux varies in contrast to the $2\pi$ Josephson periodicity in usual superconducting junctions. We study this fractional Josephson effect in 1D topological superconductors in Majorana nanowire systems by focusing on the features of the phase-energy relations in a superconducting semiconductor nanowire with spin-orbital coupling by including different factors operational in experimental systems, such as short wire length, suppression of superconducting gap, and the presence of an Andreev bound state. We show that even in the absence of Majorana zero modes, some non-topological physical effects can manifest a $4\pi$ periodicity of the phase-energy relation in the Josephson junction, thus providing a false positive signal for fractional Josephson effect with no underlying Majorana zero modes. Furthermore, we consider several scenarios of inhomogeneous chemical potential distributions in the superconducting nanowire leading to four Majorana bound states and construct the effective four Majorana model to correctly describe the low-energy theory of the Josephson effect. In this setup, multiple Majorana zero modes can also have the $4\pi$ fractional Josephson effect, although the underlying physics arises from Andreev bound states since two close by Majorana bound states effectively form Andreev bound states. Our work demonstrates that the mere observation of a fractional Josephson effect simulating $4\pi$ periodicity cannot, by itself, be taken as the definitive evidence for topological superconductivity. This finding has important implications for the ongoing search for non-Abelian Majorana zero modes and efforts for developing topological qubits.
RESOLVING THE BRIGHT HCN(1−0) EMISSION TOWARD THE SEYFERT 2 NUCLEUS OF M51: SHOCK ENHANCEMENT BY RADIO JETS AND WEAK MASING BY INFRARED PUMPING?

We present high angular resolution observations of the HCN(1–0) emission (at ∼1″ or ∼34 pc), together with CO J = 1–0, 2–1, and 3–2 observations, toward the Seyfert 2 nucleus of M51 (NGC 5194). The overall HCN(1–0) distribution and kinematics are very similar to that of the CO lines, which have been indicated as the jet-entrained molecular gas in our past observations. In addition, high HCN(1–0)/CO(1–0) brightness temperature ratio of about unity is observed along the jets, similar to that observed at the shocked molecular gas in our Galaxy. These results strongly indicate that both diffuse and dense gases are entrained by the jets and outflowing from the active galactic nucleus. The channel map of HCN(1–0) at the systemic velocity shows a strong emission right at the nucleus, where no obvious emission has been detected in the CO lines. The HCN(1–0)/CO(1–0) brightness temperature ratio at this region reaches >2, a value that cannot be explained considering standard physical/chemical conditions. Based on our calculations, we suggest infrared pumping and possibly weak HCN masing, but still requiring an enhanced HCN abundance for the cause of this high ratio. This suggests the presence of a compact dense obscuring molecular gas in front of the nucleus of M51, which remains unresolved at our ∼1″ (∼34 pc) resolution, and consistent with the Seyfert 2 classification picture.
The Symbiotic Collaboration Between Family Nursing and Data Science.

KEY POINTS A joint symposium, from conceptualization to outcomes, highlights the benefits of collaboration across those with expertise in health systems and informatics and those with expertise in family nursing. We share our own experience and lessons learned and provide a call to action in family nursing team science. Themain steps toward building mutual trust in a team science approach are identifying key members, balancing disagreement, and setting clear expectations from each other. I n this day and age, team science is at the forefront of health sciences. The complex and multifaceted nature of current and newly discovered health problems calls for formation of multidisciplinary teams to have better understanding of healthcare issues and to develop appropriate care management strategies. This presents some growing pains for nursing science that has its roots developing solo scientists. Gradually, leaders in the profession are beginning to recognize the vital contribution of nursing to team science to address important and complex problems in health and healthcare delivery. Much of the emphasis, including some of our own work, focuses on large multidisciplinary research teams. Often overlooked in this conversation is the distinct expertise within the disciplines and the important discoveries and problems that can be solved by distinct specialties on unidisciplinary research teams, that is, research teams composed of individuals with the same discipline background. To that end, two Research Interest Groups (RIGs) of the Midwest Nursing Research Society (MNRS), Family Health (FH) and Health Systems, Policy & Informatics (HSPI), began a process to explore a potentially symbiotic collaboration between the fields of family nursing and health systems and informatics. This short article aims to report on a joint symposium, from conceptualization to outcomes, highlighting the benefits of collaboration across those with expertise in health systems and informatics and those with expertise in family nursing. The goal is to share our own experience and lessons learned and provide resources for a call to action in nursing team science.
Improved methods for detecting gravitational waves associated with short gamma-ray bursts

In the era of second generation ground-based gravitational wave detectors, short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) will be among the most promising astrophysical events for joint electromagnetic and gravitational wave observation. A targeted, coherent search for gravitational wave compact binary merger signals in coincidence with short GRBs was developed and used to analyze data from the first generation LIGO and Virgo instruments. In this paper, we present improvements to this search that enhance our ability to detect gravitational wave counterparts to short GRBs. Specifically, we introduce an improved method for estimating the gravitational wave background to obtain the event significance required to make detections; implement a method of tiling extended sky regions, as required when searching for signals associated to poorly localized GRBs from the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor or the InterPlanetary Network; and incorporate astrophysical knowledge about the beaming of GRB emission to restrict the search parameter space. We describe the implementation of these enhancements and demonstrate how they improve the ability to observe binary merger gravitational wave signals associated with short GRBs. A targeted, coherent GRB search provides a 25% increase in distance sensitivity, or a doubling of the event rate, for well-localized GRBs when compared with a nontargeted, coincident analysis.
Flow Separation Control in a Curved Diffuser with Rigid Traveling Wave Wall and Its Mechanism

Traveling wave wall is a useful method to suppress flow separation. However, the interaction between the traveling wave wall and unsteady separation flow is complex, which causes difficulty in discovering the corresponding mechanism. To reveal the mechanism of traveling wave wall control, numerical simulation of a separated curved diffuser using rigid traveling wave wall flow control is performed, which shows some unique characteristics. Then, a nonlinear simplified model is used to explain this phenomenon in flow control in consideration of nonlinear dynamics and order of degree. Flow field data from the numerical simulation are further analyzed using fast Fourier transform analysis, linear stability theory of free shear layers, and the nonlinear simplified model to reveal the control mechanism of traveling wave wall.
The Relationship between Iranian EFL Learners’ Self- efficacy Beliefs and Reading Comprehension Ability

The purpose of this study was to find out if language learners’ self-efficacy beliefs affect the reading comprehension achievement of EFL learners in Iran. A convenience sample of 120 learners from different language schools participated in this study. A self-efficacy questionnaire was developed to measure students’ self-efficacy beliefs. To measure their reading comprehension ability, the reading part of Michigan Test, as a test of English language proficiency was adopted and administered to the participants. The Pearson product-moment formula demonstrated that there was a significant relationship between self-efficacy and reading comprehension, and the correlation between self-efficacy and reading comprehension was positive. Therefore, it might be postulated that the more self-efficacious the learners are, the better they have answered the reading comprehension questions. The results of the statistical analysis also led the researcher to conclude that the relationship between language learners' self-efficacy beliefs is not affected by gender. Key words: Self-efficacy, Reading Comprehension, Language Proficiency
Promote repeat Breast cancer Screening With Mammography : A Systematic review and Meta-Analysis

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women in the United States (1). Regular screening with mammography has been shown to reduce mortality from breast cancer in women aged 50–74 years by approximately 23% (2). To maximize the population benefit related to mortality reduction, the US Preventive Services Task Force recommended in 2002 that women aged 40 years and older be screened with mammography every 1–2 years. Although the Task Force has raised the minimum age for biennial screening to 50 years of age, they still suggest that younger women discuss mammography with their doctors to make an informed decision based on their family histories, personal values, and general health (http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf09/breastcan cer/brcanrs.htm) (3). Breast cancer screening with mammography increased substantially since 1990. Surveillance data from the National Health Interview Survey show that the prevalence of selfreported recent use (within the past 2 years) in women 40 years of age and older increased from 30% in 1987 to 70% in 2000 (4); however, data from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey show a decline to 66% (5). The prevalence of regular or repeat mammography use, that is, consecutive, on-schedule mammograms, is lower compared with recent use, that is, one mammogram within the past 2 years. A review of 37 regional studies of repeat mammography conducted through 2001 found that the overall weighted average prevalence was 46.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 39.4 to 52.8) (6). Summary estimates also showed that repeat use increased from 26.5% (95% CI = 12.9 to 40.0) in studies conducted before 1991 to 53.2% (95% CI = 44.7 to 61.8) in those conducted between 1995 and 2001 (6). Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown that many intervention strategies are effective at motivating women to have Article
The role of DBP gene polymorphisms in the prevalence of new coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality rate

Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has given rise to emerging respiratory infections with pandemic diffusion. The vitamin D binding protein (DBP) with emphasis on its regulation of total and free vitamin D metabolite levels participate in various clinical conditions. The main goal of this study was to evaluate if there was any association between the DBP gene polymorphism at rs7041 and rs4588 loci and the prevalence of COVID‐19 and its mortality rates caused among populations of 10 countries including Turkey. Positive significant correlations were found between the prevalence (per million) and mortality rates (per million), and GT genotype (P < .05) while there was a negative significant correlation between prevalence (per million) and mortality rates (per million), and TT genotype at rs7041 locus among all populations (P < .05). However, no significant correlation was found at rs4588 locus. GT genotype was found to confer this susceptibility to the populations of Germany, Mexico, Italy, Czech, and Turkey. The variations in the prevalence of COVID‐19 and its mortality rates among countries may be explained by Vitamin D metabolism differed by the DBP polymorphisms of rs7041 and rs4588.
Adalimumab and methotrexate affect the concentrations of regulatory cytokines (interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β1, and interleukin-35) in patients with plaque psoriasis.

Dysfunctional regulatory T lymphocytes are important for the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atherosclerosis. We analyzed the severity of atherosclerosis and the concentration of regulatory cytokines in patients with psoriasis who were administered methotrexate or adalimumab for 12 weeks. We included 34 patients with psoriasis (17 each, administered methotrexate or adalimumab) and eight healthy volunteers. BMI, psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), body surface area (BSA), and at least 75% and 90% improvements in PASI were observed. The 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease was estimated using Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation charts. The plasma interleukin (IL)-10, IL-35, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after the 12-week treatment regimen. PASI (P = 0.0006) and BSA (P = 0.0001) were positively correlated with the BMI, IL-35 (-0.38), and IL-10 (0.48) levels. Baseline IL-35 concentrations were the highest in healthy volunteers; the IL-10 and TGF-β1 level were the highest in the methotrexate group. IL-10 concentration decreased in both treatment groups (P = 0.02 for the methotrexate and P = 0.09 for adalimumab group), and IL-35 decreased in the adalimumab group (P = 0.019), consistent with skin lesion recovery. Thus, this study demonstrates the dysregulated secretion of regulatory cytokines in psoriatic patients under systemic treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Intra-Seasonal and Annual Variation of Aerosols and Their Radiative Impact in the Sahelian Zone of Burkina Faso

This paper deals with the characterization of aerosols in the Sahelian zone, particularly in Burkina Faso based on MODIS observations and in situ measurements of the AERONET network on the Ouagadougou site (12.2°N, 1.4°W). Thus, a seasonal spatial distribution of aerosols made over the period from 2001 to 2016 gives a very great variability of aerosols in Burkina Faso, whose maxima are encountered in Spring, characterized by winds from the North East. This seasonality of aerosols is also shown by the annual cycles of optical, radiative and microphysical parameters measured by AERONET between 1999 and 2006. Moreover, an analysis of these parameters shows the prevalence of mineral dusts characterized by low values of the Angstrom coefficient (α440-870 0.9) and the cooling noticed in the bottom of atmosphere (BOA) and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). Also, the climatology of the volume size distribution of aerosols shows a very great variability of particles in terms of size influenced by the thin and coarse pattern where most sizes are between 1 and 10 μm.
Abnormal liver-related biomarkers in COVID-19 patients and the role of prealbumin

Background/Aims: We aimed to evaluate the distribution of abnormal liver-related biomarkers in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and explore the prognostic value of elevated liver enzymes and abnormal liver synthetic capacity with regards to patient mortality. Patients and Methods: This retrospective observational study included 80 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases. Data were collected from the electronic medical record system by a trained team of physicians. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), albumin, and prealbumin levels at admission and on day 7 after admission were collected. The primary outcome of the current study was patient mortality. Results: Abnormal ALT, AST, TB, albumin, and prealbumin levels were observed in 11 (13.8%), 15 (18.8%), 5 (6.3%), 22 (27.5%), and 31 (38.8%) patients, respectively. Male gender correlated with elevated ALT and AST levels (p = 0.027 and 0.036, respectively). Higher levels of AST and lower levels of albumin and prealbumin were associated with patient mortality (p = 0.009, 0.002, and 0.003, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified patient age (p = 0.013, HR 1.108) and prealbumin levels (p = 0.015, HR 0.986) as independent predictors for patient mortality. However, changes in liver-related biomarkers were not associated with poor outcome in multivariate analysis (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Abnormalities in albumin and prealbumin levels are common among COVID-19 patients and hypoprealbuminemia independently predicts adverse outcome and should be carefully considered in clinical practice. Moreover, changes in liver-related biomarkers is not a salient feature of COVID-19.