Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prenatal and post-hatch assessment of two strains of broiler chickens reared under high natural ambient temperatures

Pre-natal (PN) and post-hatch (PH) assessments were carried out on two broiler chicken strains to examine possible origin of strain differences and response to heat stress. One hundred and forty fertile eggs incubated for 18 days as PN and 192 day-old broiler chicks as PH; were evenly divided between two strains (Arbor Acres [AA] and Marshal [MS]). For the PN assessment (day 18, 19 and 21 of incubation), embryos were dissected and organs weighed. Liver glycogen and moisture content of the carcass and residual yolk sac were also determined. Post hatch, average body weight (ABW), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured under high natural ambient temperatures. At d 18 of incubation, proportional breast weight and yolk moisture was higher in AA than MS (P < 0.05), with the same trend observed at d 21 for yolk weight (%). Breast, gizzard, heart and liver weights were observed to increase linearly, in proportion to weight of embryo (P <0.001), between d 18 and 21 on incubation, while the inverse was observed for yolk weight (%). Post-hatch, ADFI and FCR at the end of the starter phase were lower in MS compared with AA (P < 0.05). However, at the end of the finisher phase, only ADFI was significantly influenced by strain of broiler (AA < MS; P < 0.05). Serum electrolytes and carcass characteristics did not differ between strains (P > 0.05). Phenotype differences in were manifested prior to hatch, with Marshall exhibiting advantage to Arbor Acres under high ambient temperatures.
Effect of pre-harvest application of salicylic acid on the postharvest fruit quality of the Amrapali mango (Mangifera indica)

The shelf-life of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits is only 5 to 6 days under ambient conditions, which can be increased efficiently, if the rates of biological activities and/or changes are reduced by pre and/or post-harvest treatments. Hence, three different concentrations (75, 150 and 200 ppm) of salicylic acid (SA) were applied as pre-harvest treatments to Amrapali mango fruits, one week prior to their commercial harvest. Later the fruits were harvested and stored at ambient conditions (30±5 °C and 50±5 % RH). Among various concentrations of SA, the SA (200 ppm) was found to be most effective in delaying the ripening cum senescence processes through suppression of ethylene production rate (0.20 µl C2H4/kg/h) and helped in maintaining the post-harvest quality through better retention of soluble solid concentrates (SSC) (27.72 °B), titratable acidity (0.53 %), ascorbic acid (32.52 mg/100g) and total antioxidant content (11.85 µmol Trolox/g Fresh Weight ) etc. The SA treatment was also found to effectively influence the pectin methylesterase activity (0.167 µmol acid/min) as well as the lipid peroxidation (2.26 nmol/g Fresh weight) during storage in order to extend the fruit shelf-life by 3 days compared to the control fruits.
The Effects of Subject-Based Critical Thinking Education in Mathematics on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills and Virtues

Article History: Purpose: “Good thinking” has become very important in today's world. A good thinker should have critical thinking skills as well as critical thinking virtues. Some researchers stated that teaching critical thinking within certain disciplines and subject areas would significantly contribute to the development of students as strong critical thinkers. Mathematics is one of the ways to improve thinking and it has many things in common with critical thinking. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine the effects of subject-based critical thinking education in math on student’s critical thinking skills and critical thinking virtues. Received: 22 Aug. 2019 Received in revised form: 2 Jan. 2021 Accepted: 27 Feb. 2021 DOI: 10.14689/ejer.2021. 92.6
Co-TiO2 Nanoparticles as the Reinforcement for Fe Soft Magnetic Composites with Enhanced Mechanical and Magnetic Properties via Pulse Electrodeposition

This study is an attempt to produce surface nanocrystalline composite of Fe-Co-TiO2 at various current densities in the range of 20 to 50 mA/cm via pulse electrodeposition method. The prepared composites were characterized by field emission scanning microscope (FESEM), electron dispersive spectrum (EDS), Vickers microhardness, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and xray diffraction techniques (XRD). The results showed that the formation of cauliflower morphology was preferred at lower current densities. Moreover, the higher current densities enhanced the Fe content and at the same time diminished the Co and TiO2 contents of prepared surface composites. XRD patterns and Rietveld analysis confirmed the formation of combinations of BCC (as dominant) and FCC phases. Higher current density enhanced the saturation magnetization and decreased lower coercivity due to the higher Fe content and the reduction of TiO2 nanoparticles in coatings. In addition, the lowest coercivity and highest saturation magnetization were gained at 50 mA/cm, while, the maximum microhardness obtained at 30 mA/cm. doi: 10.5829/ije.2020. 33.10a. 21
Effect of occupational therapy on self-determination skills of adolescents at risk of emotional and behavioral disorders: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Self-determination skills enable to support an individual’s needs and make decisions to function independently. Improvement of self-determination skills has had a positive result for adolescents at risk of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of occupational therapy interventions on the self-determination skills of adolescent girls at risk of emotional-behavioral disorders. Methods: In this single-blind control trial study, 14-16-years-old girl students (n=54) at risk of EBD were recruited by cluster sampling from secondary high schools of Tehran, Iran. Youth self-report Questionnaire (YSR) was used to include adolescents at risk of EBD in the study and were randomized into the intervention (n=27) and control group (n=27) by block randomization. The Student Self-Determination Scale (SDSS) and the Self-determination Parent Perception Scale (SDPPS) were used to collect data. Students in the intervention group participated in 8 – once a week- sessions of occupational therapy and the control group received no training. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA), Bonferroni test and SPSS 16.0 version. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The score of self-determinations (SDSS) increased significantly in the intervention group after the intervention (p<0.001). Although the mean scores of self-determination at follow-up have increased in the intervention group compared to the post-test. No significant differences were found (p>0.05); also, the score of parents' perception of student self-determination (SDPPS) increased but there were not significantly different (p=0.064). Conclusion: The findings indicated self-determination skills could be taught to adolescents at risk of EBD in OT sessions. Since self-determination has been identified as the necessary skills for adolescents at-risk to transition into adulthood, occupational therapists have an important role in promoting self-determination skills in adolescents at risk of EBD.
Effect of water temperature and air stream velocity on performance of direct evaporative air cooler for thermal comfort

The aim of this work was to determine the effects of water temperature and air stream velocity on the performance of direct evaporative air cooler (DEAC) for thermal comfort. DEAC system requires the lower cost than using vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS), because VCRS use a compressor to circulate refrigerant while DEAC uses a pump for circulating water in the cooling process to achieve thermal comfort. The study was conducted by varying the water temperature (10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C) at different air stream velocity (2,93 m/s, 3.9 m/s and 4,57 m/s). The results show that the relative humidity (RH) in test room tends to increase with the increasing of water temperature, while on the variation of air stream velocity, RH remains constant at the same water temperature, because the amount of water that evaporates increase with the increasing water temperature. The cooling effectiveness (CE) increase with the increasing of air stream velocity where the higher CE was obtained at lower water temperature (10°C) with high air velocity (4,57m/s). The lower room temperature (26°C) was achieved at water temperature 10°C and air stream velocity 4.57 m/s with the relative humidity 85,87%. DEAC can be successfully used in rooms that have smoothly air circulation to fulfill the indoor thermal comfort.The aim of this work was to determine the effects of water temperature and air stream velocity on the performance of direct evaporative air cooler (DEAC) for thermal comfort. DEAC system requires the lower cost than using vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS), because VCRS use a compressor to circulate refrigerant while DEAC uses a pump for circulating water in the cooling process to achieve thermal comfort. The study was conducted by varying the water temperature (10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C) at different air stream velocity (2,93 m/s, 3.9 m/s and 4,57 m/s). The results show that the relative humidity (RH) in test room tends to increase with the increasing of water temperature, while on the variation of air stream velocity, RH remains constant at the same water temperature, because the amount of water that evaporates increase with the increasing water temperature. The cooling effectiveness (CE) increase with the increasing of air stream velocity where the higher CE was obtained at lower wate.
Pharmacovigilance Analysis on Cerebrovascular Accidents and Coronavirus disease 2019 Vaccines

Introduction: Recently, there have been reports of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) occurring in individuals who have received the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Objective: The objective of this analysis was to determine if a statistically significant signal exists in post-marketing safety reports between CVA and the three COVID-19 vaccines being administered in the United States of America (Pfizer, Moderna, Janssen). Methods: A pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis on adverse events reported with COVID-19 vaccines was conducted using data from Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Results: A statistically significant signal was found between CVA events and each of the three COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer/BioNTechs, Modernas and Janssens) in the VAERS database. Females and individuals of age 65 or older had higher number of case reports of CVA events with the COVID-19 vaccines. Females had also more COVID-19 adverse event reports in which a CVA was reported and resulted in the patient having permanent disability or death. Limitations: Randomized controlled trials are needed to further analyze this signal. Conclusion: Patients should be made aware of the risk-benefit and symptoms to watch out for that may indicate the onset of a CVA and informed to seek medical care as soon as possible if they develop these symptoms.
Longitudinal analysis shows durable and broad immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection with persisting antibody responses and memory B and T cells

Ending the COVID-19 pandemic will require long-lived immunity to SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated 254 COVID-19 patients longitudinally from early infection and for eight months thereafter and found a predominant broad-based immune memory response. SARS-CoV-2 spike binding and neutralizing antibodies exhibited a bi-phasic decay with an extended half-life of >200 days suggesting the generation of longer-lived plasma cells. In addition, there was a sustained IgG+ memory B cell response, which bodes well for a rapid antibody response upon virus re-exposure. Polyfunctional virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were also generated and maintained with an estimated half-life of 200 days. Interestingly, the CD4+ T cell response equally targeted several SARS-CoV-2 proteins, whereas the CD8+ T cell response preferentially targeted the nucleoprotein, highlighting the importance of including the nucleoprotein as a potential vaccine antigen. Taken together, these results suggest that broad and effective immunity may persist long-term in recovered COVID-19 patients.
Geographic clusters of objectively measured physical activity and the characteristics of their built environment in a Swiss urban area

Background: Evidence suggests that the built environment can influence the intensity of physical activity. However, most of the studies do not consider the geographic context of this association. Studies assessing the spatial dependence of physical activity are limited by an aggregated geographic scale or self-reported physical activity. We aimed to assess individual spatial dependence of objectively measured moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and describe the characteristics of the built environment among spatial clusters of MVPA. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the second follow-up of CoLaus|PsyCoLaus (2014-2017), a longitudinal population-based study of the Lausanne area (Switzerland), was used to objectively measure daily MVPA using accelerometers. We ran Local Morans I to assess the spatial dependence of MVPA. This method compares the behavior (MVPA) of participants to that of other individuals located in the same neighborhood. It classifies individuals into four categories: high MVPA clusters, low MVPA clusters, low MVPA outliers in high MVPA clusters, and high MVPA outliers in low MVPA clusters. Additionally, the characteristics of the built environment observed in the clusters based on raw MVPA and MVPA adjusted for socioeconomic and demographic factors were described. Results: Data from 1,889 participants (median age 63 years, 55% women) were used. The geographic distribution of MVPA and the characteristics of the built environment among clusters were similar for raw and adjusted MVPA. In the adjusted model, we found a low concentration of individuals within spatial clusters of high MVPA (median: 36.9 mins; 3% of the studied population) and low MVPA (median: 10.1 mins; 2% of the studied population). Yet, clear differences were found in both models between clusters regarding the built environment; High MVPA clusters were located in areas with a higher density of parks, recreational, public, and commercial & industrial areas, preferential pedestrian zones, population density, cycling pathways, public transport accessibility and interconnected streets than low MVPA clusters. Conclusions: Although with few individuals within clusters, MVPA clusters were identified. The built environment may influence spatial patterns of MVPA independently of socioeconomic and demographic factors. Interventions in the built environment should be considered to promote physically active behaviors in urban areas.
Effective vaccine allocation strategies, balancing economy with infection control against COVID-19 in Japan

Due to COVID-19, many countries including Japan have implemented a suspension of economic activities for infection control. It has contributed to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 but caused severe economic losses. Today, several promising vaccines have been developed and are already being distributed in some countries. Therefore, we evaluated various vaccine and intensive countermeasure strategies with constraint of economic loss using SEIR model to obtain knowledge of how to balance economy with infection control in Japan. Our main result is that the vaccination strategy that prioritizes younger generation outperformed the other strategies in terms of deaths. On the other hand, when we focused on strategies that prioritize older generation, as Japan has decided to do, the optimal vaccination strategy was determined by the basic reproduction number and acceptable economic loss. The strategy vaccinating the young next to the old age group was the best when acceptable economic loss was high, or the basic reproduction number was low. Alternatively, the strategy vaccinating the middle next to the old age group was superior to the others with a moderate acceptable economic loss and the high basic reproduction number setting.
Men and sexual and reproductive healthcare in the Nordic countries: a scoping review

Context Men generally seek healthcare less often than women and, other than traditional gender norms, less is known about the explanation. The aim was to identify knowledge gaps and factors influencing men regarding sexual and reproductive healthcare (SRHC) in the Nordic countries. Methods We searched PubMed and SveMed+ for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2010 and May 2020. The analyses identified factors influencing men’s experiences of and access to SRHC. Results The majority of the 68 articles included focused on pregnancy, birth, infertility and sexually transmitted infections including HIV. During pregnancy and childbirth, men were treated as accompanying partners rather than individuals with their own needs. The knowledge and attitudes of healthcare providers were crucial for their ability to provide SRHC and for the experiences of men. Organisational obstacles, such as women-centred SRHC and no assigned healthcare profession for men’s sexual and reproductive health issues, hindered men’s access to SRHC. Lastly, the literature rarely discussed the impact of health policies on men’s access to SRHC. Conclusions The literature lacked the perspectives of specific groups of men such as migrants, men who have sex with men and transmen, as well as the experiences of men in SRHC related to sexual function, contraceptive use and gender-based violence. These knowledge gaps, taken together with the lack of a clear entry point for men into SRHC, indicate the necessity of an improved health and medical education of healthcare providers, as well as of health system interventions.
In vitro Propagation of Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) Through Embryo Culture

The chances of shoot-regeneration from embryo culture of Morinda citrifolia L. seeds was investigated. Germination on different strengths of MS and control (Sterile distilled water) started by two weeks after inoculation (WAI). At 6 WAI, 90% of the embryo had germinated from 25% MS followed by 80% in control, 70% from 50% MS and 40% each from 100 and 75% MS. Similarly, the same MS media strengths with basal application of 2.0/1.0 mg/l BAP/Kn affected the growth of regenerated Noni-plantlets. The longest shoot length (3.46 cm) and the number of nodes (1.75) were obtained from 75% MS while the highest number of leaves (7.25) was obtained in 100% MS between 4 and 12 WAI. The lowest value for these parameters were observed in 25% MS. This showed that mature zygotic embryo is good explant for the establishment of highly viable and re-generable plantlets of Noni. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(2): 199-207, 2020 (December)
Pressure influences on CO2 reaction with cyclohexylamine using ionic liquid as reaction medium and catalyst

Abstract Inserting carbon dioxide (CO2) into ammonia molecules to produce urea is a traditional CO2 utilization method. An ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Bmim]Br), was used as reaction medium and [Bmim]Br/KOH as catalyst. This study investigates CO2 carbonylation of cyclohexylamine and its reaction performance in a number of low- and high-pressure CO2/IL systems. The reaction yield was greatly increased as pressure ranges changed from 15–50 bar to 80–100 bar; the physiochemical properties of substrates and catalyst were greatly affected by CO2 in supercritical state. The yield was improved from 69% at 30 bar to 91.6% at 100 bar, much better than a previous study result of 53.5%, but as pressures further increased, a significant decrease was observed. The reaction activation energy was calculated to be 3.942 and 4.354 kcal/mol in mild and supercritical conditions. This process shows a low threshold reaction energy and great potential for industrial applications to store CO2 in amine molecular structures.
Watershed of Artificial Intelligence: Human Intelligence, Machine Intelligence, and Biological Intelligence

This article reviews the “Once Learning” mechanism that was proposed 23 years ago and the subsequent successes of “One-shot Learning” in image classification and “You Only Look Once – YOLO” in objective detection. Analyzing the current development of AI, the proposal is that AI should be clearly divided into the following categories: Artificial Human Intelligence (AHI), Artificial Machine Intelligence (AMI), and Artificial Biological Intelligence (ABI), which will also be the main directions of theory and application development for AI. As a watershed for the branches of AI, some classification standards and methods are discussed: 1) AI R&D should be human-oriented, machine-oriented, and biological-oriented; 2) The information input is processed by Dimensionality-up or dimensionalityreduction; and 3) One/Few or large samples are used for knowledge learning. Resumo. Este artigo analisa o mecanismo de “Once Learning” que foi proposto 23 anos atrás e os sucessos subsequentes do “One-shot Learning” na classificação de imagens e do “You Only Look Once – YOLO” na detecção objetiva. Analisando o desenvolvimento atual da IA, propõe-se que a IA seja dividida de forma clara nas seguintes categorias: Inteligência Humana Artificial (AHI), Inteligência de Máquina Artificial (AMI) e Inteligência Biológica Artificial (ABI). Estas serão as principais direções da teoria e desenvolvimento de aplicativos para IA. Como um divisor de águas para os ramos da IA, alguns métodos e padrões de classificação são discutidos: 1) A P&D da IA deve ser orientada para o homem, para a máquina e para a biologia; 2) A entrada de informação é processada por dimensionalidade-up ou redução da dimensionalidade; e 3) Uma / poucas ou grandes amostras são utilizadas para a aprendizagem do conhecimento.
Prediction of anomalous LA-TA splitting in electrides

Electrides are an emerging class of materials with excess electrons localized in interstices and acting as anionic interstitial quasi-atoms (ISQs). The spatial ion-electron separation means that electrides can be treated physically as ionic crystals, and this unusual behavior leads to extraordinary physical and chemical phenomena. Here, a completely different effect in electrides is predicted. By recognizing the long-range Coulomb interactions between matrix atoms and ISQs that are unique in electrides, a nonanalytic correction to the forces exerted on matrix atoms is proposed. This correction gives rise to an LA-TA splitting in the acoustic branch of lattice phonons near the zone center, similar to the well-known LO-TO splitting in the phonon spectra of ionic compounds. The factors that govern this splitting are investigated, with isotropic fcc-Li and anisotropic hP4-Na as the typical examples. It is found that not all electrides can induce a detectable splitting, and criteria are given for this type of splitting. The present prediction unveils the rich phenomena in electrides and could lead to unprecedented applications.