Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-Seasonal Relationship between the Boreal Autumn SAM and Winter Precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere in CMIP5

AbstractRecent work suggests that the boreal autumn Southern Hemisphere annular mode (SAM) favors a tripole pattern of winter precipitation anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere. This study focuses on the abilities of climate models that participated in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to reproduce the physical processes involved in this observed cross-seasonal connection. A systematic evaluation suggested that 16 out of 25 models were essentially capable of reproducing this cross-seasonal connection. Two categories of models were selected to explore the underlying reasons for these successful simulations. Models that successfully simulated the cross-seasonal relationship were placed in the type-I category, and these performed well in reproducing the related physical mechanism, known as the “coupled ocean–atmosphere bridge,” in terms of the SST variability associated with the SAM and response of the meridional circulation to these SST anomalies. In contrast, the type-II category.
Bifunctional Silica-Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Catalysts in Silane Production: Their Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity

A mesoporous silica support was synthesized using the sol–gel method from trichlorosilane. There is a tendency for the specific surface area and the proportion of silica particles mesopores to increase during all stages of sol–gel synthesis. It has been shown that the insertion of hexane and toluene, as additional solvents, into the structure-forming polyethylene glycol, makes it possible to regulate the pore size and specific surface area of silica. Silica functionalization was carried out using SILP technology. The activities of the catalytic systems based on polymer and inorganic supports immobilized by imidazole-based ionic liquids during the trichlorosilane disproportionation reaction were compared. There is a tendency for the monosilane yield for catalytic systems based on an inorganic support to increase. We identified the most promising catalyst in terms of monosilane yield and proposed a bifunctional catalyst that exhibited activity in two parallel reactions: trichlorosilane disproportionation and silicon tetrachloride hydrogenation.
Assessing The Classroom Learning in Arabic Matriculation Program: Tutor and Student Perspective

The Arabic language matriculation program in the Arabic Education Department of IAIN Sultan Amai has been implemented for years, but its effectiveness and efficiency have not been scientifically evaluated yet. This study aims to evaluate the Arabic language matriculation program from the perspectives of tutors and students. The approach used is qualitative with a descriptive type of analysis, and the data sources are the tutors from each class and a number of students from different classes. Data collection methods used are interviews and observations. The results show that the strengths of the matriculation program are the dedication of tutors, varied teaching methods, customized handbooks, an Arabic language environment, and cooperative participants. However, the program also has weaknesses, such as unclear educational calendars, unstructured evaluations, and suboptimal attendance control. In conclusion, the roles of tutors and student management are vital in this program, and positive two-way feedback from participants and tutors can sustain the program despite shortcomings in management. It is suggested to conduct a study on the program's effectiveness and obtain empirical data in the form of quantitative measurement.
Evidence for a scale‐limited low‐frequency earthquake source process

We calculate the seismic moments for 34,264 low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) beneath the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. LFE moments range from 1.4 × 1010 to 1.9 × 1012 N m (Mw = 0.7–2.1). While regular earthquakes follow a power law moment‐frequency distribution with a b value near 1 (the number of events increases by a factor of 10 for each unit increase in Mw), we find that while for large LFEs the b value is ~6, for small LFEs it is <1. The magnitude‐frequency distribution for all LFEs is best fit by an exponential distribution with a mean seismic moment (characteristic moment) of 2.0 × 1011 N m. The moment‐frequency distributions for each of the 43 LFE families, or spots on the plate interface where LFEs repeat, can also be fit by exponential distributions. An exponential moment‐frequency distribution implies a scale‐limited source process. We consider two end‐member models where LFE moment is limited by (1) the amount of slip or (2) slip area. We favor the area‐limited model. Based on the observed exponential distribution of LFE moment and geodetically observed total slip, we estimate that the total area that slips within an LFE family has a diameter of 300 m. Assuming an area‐limited model, we estimate the slips, subpatch diameters, stress drops, and slip rates for LFEs during episodic tremor and slip events. We allow for LFEs to rupture smaller subpatches within the LFE family patch. Models with 1–10 subpatches produce slips of 0.1–1 mm, subpatch diameters of 80–275 m, and stress drops of 30–1000 kPa. While one subpatch is often assumed, we believe 3–10 subpatches are more likely.
Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Greece: Disease Incidence and Fungi Involved in Discrete Geographical Zones and Varieties

A three-year survey was conducted to estimate the incidence of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in Greece and identify fungi associated with the disease complex. In total, 310 vineyards in different geographical regions in northern, central, and southern Greece were surveyed, and 533 fungal strains were isolated from diseased vines. Morphological, physiological and molecular (5.8S rRNA gene-ITS sequencing) analyses revealed that isolates belonged to 35 distinct fungal genera, including well-known (e.g., Botryosphaeria sp., Diaporthe spp., Eutypa sp., Diplodia sp., Fomitiporia sp., Phaeoacremonium spp., Phaeomoniella sp.) and lesser-known (e.g., Neosetophoma sp., Seimatosporium sp., Didymosphaeria sp., Kalmusia sp.) grapevine wood inhabitants. The GTDs-inducing population structure differed significantly among the discrete geographical zones. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (26.62%, n = 70), Diaporthe spp. (18.25%, n = 48) and F. mediterranea (10.27%, n = 27) were the most prevalent in Heraklion, whereas D. seriata, Alternaria spp. , P. chlamydospora and Fusarium spp. were predominant in Nemea (central Greece). In Amyntaio and Kavala (northern Greece), D. seriata was the most frequently isolated species (>50% frequency). Multi-genes (rDNA-ITS, LSU, tef1-α, tub2, act) sequencing of selected isolates, followed by pathogenicity tests, revealed that Neosetophoma italica, Seimatosporium vitis, Didymosphaeria variabile and Kalmusia variispora caused wood infection, with the former being the most virulent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of N. italica associated with GTDs worldwide. This is also the first record of K. variispora, S. vitis and D. variabile associated with wood infection of grapevine in Greece. The potential associations of disease indices with vine age, cultivar, GTD-associated population structure and the prevailing meteorological conditions in different viticultural zones in Greece are presented and discussed.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Keberdayaan petani Sayuran Organik di Kabupaten Agam dan Tanah Datar, Provinsi Sumatera Barat

This study aims to analyze the empowerment level of the organic vegetable farmers as well as the related factors. The study was conducted in Agam and Tanah Datar, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The sample consisted of 300 vegetable farmers having attended the program of organic vegetable development in West Sumatra. The primary and secondary data were collected from September 2013 to January 2014. The analysis was performed by using the descriptive analysis and the Spearman Rank correlation. The research result shows that the empowerment level of the organic vegetable farmers in Tanah Datar and Agam is categorised low. Meanwhile, the factors related to the empowerment level of the farmers are the internal characteristics of the farmer, the intensity of extension, and the support the external environment.
Effect of phenylalanine and tryptophane on chlorophyll and phenolic content, and the antioxidant activity of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought conditions

Sweet basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) is an endemic annual mucilaginous spicy herb plant of the mint family (Lamiaceae), growing wild in subtropical and tropical areas of America, Africa, Asia, and in southern Europe. Basil belongs to the aromatic plants that are grown all over the world nowadays. To increase the amount of phenolic and other biologically active compounds in plants, safe, effective, and ecological ways to achieve this are constantly being sought. The greatest economic losses worldwide are due to the negative effects of drought stress and extreme temperatures on plant morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics limiting crop growth and productivity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of phenylalanine and tryptophane on the content of chlorophyll and phenolic, and the antioxidant activity of basil under drought conditions. Foliar spraying with phenylalanine and tryptophane to drought-stressed plants increased the chlorophyll a and b content. Application of phenylalanine significantly increased the total phenolic content (TPC) in the cultivar ‘Aromatico Della Riviera Ligure’, while foliar spraying with tryptophane increased TPC in the drought-stressed ‘Palla Compato’ and ‘Toscano’. Foliar spraying with phenylalanine and tryptophane to drought-stressed plants increased the antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH method. Principal component analysis showed that the first factor was highly and positively related to all parameters studied. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the first cluster was formed due to drought-stressed ‘Aromatico Della Riviera Ligure’, ‘Cinnamon’, and ‘Lemon’. The second cluster consisted of well-watered ‘Aromatico Della Riviera Ligure’, ‘Cinnamon’, and ‘Lemon’, and drought-stressed and phenylalanine-sprayed ‘Aromatico Della Riviera Ligure’ and ‘Palla Compato’. The third cluster consisted of the combinations of other cultivars and treatments tested.
Physiological Signals as Predictors of Mental Workload: Evaluating Single Classifier and Ensemble Learning Models

With a growing emphasis on cognitive processing in occupational tasks and the prevalence of wearable sensing devices, understanding and managing mental workload has broad implications for safety, efficiency, and well-being. This study aims to develop machine learning (ML) models for predicting mental workload using Heart Rate Variability (HRV) as a representation of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) physiological signals. A laboratory experiment, involving 34 participants, was conducted to collect datasets. All participants were measured during baseline, two cognitive tests, and recovery, which were further separated into binary classes (rest vs workload). A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on several ML algorithms, including both single (Support Vector Machine/SVM and Naïve Bayes) and ensemble learning (Gradient Boost and AdaBoost) classifiers and incorporating selected features and validation approaches. The findings indicate that most HRV features differ significantly during periods of mental workload compared to rest phases. The SVM classifier with knowledge domain selection and leave-one-out cross-validation technique is the best model (68.385). These findings highlight the potential to predict mental workload through interpretable features and individualized approaches even with a relatively simple model. The study contributes not only to the creation of a new dataset for specific populations (such as Indonesia) but also to the potential implications for maintaining human cognitive capabilities. It represents a further step toward the development of a mental workload recognition system, with the potential to improve decision-making where cognitive readiness is limited and human error is increased.
Evolving CAR-T-Cell Therapy for Cancer Treatment: From Scientific Discovery to Cures

Simple Summary It is well recognized now that the development of drug resistance is one of the leading causes of treatment failure in conventional therapies. In comparison, recent improvements in immunotherapy showed promising results in eradicating cancer. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy is one of the cancer immunotherapies that uses patient’s T cells and genetically modifies them to target cancer cells. Although CAR-T-cell therapy has shown remarkable success in treating blood cancer, it has proven far more limited in the treatment of solid tumors in different organs. This review article discussed the chronological development of CAR-T-cell therapies and their treatment options in different types of cancers. This article also addresses the current clinical challenges in CAR-T-cell therapy and recent advancements in developing novel therapeutic strategies with fewer side effects. Abstract In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy has emerged as the most promising immunotherapy for cancer that typically uses patients’ T cells and genetically engineered them to target cancer cells. Although recent improvements in CAR-T-cell therapy have shown remarkable success for treating hematological malignancies, the heterogeneity in tumor antigens and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) limits its efficacy in solid tumors. Despite the enormous efforts that have been made to make CAR-T-cell therapy more effective and have minimal side effects for treating hematological malignancies, more research needs to be conducted regarding its use in the clinic for treating various other types of cancer. The main concern for CAR-T-cell therapy is severe toxicities due to the cytokine release syndrome, whereas the other challenges are associated with complexity and immune-suppressing TME, tumor antigen heterogeneity, the difficulty of cell trafficking, CAR-T-cell exhaustion, and reduced cytotoxicity in the tumor site. This review discussed the latest discoveries in CAR-T-cell therapy strategies and combination therapies, as well as their effectiveness in different cancers. It also encompasses ongoing clinical trials; current challenges regarding the therapeutic use of CAR-T-cell therapy, especially for solid tumors; and evolving treatment strategies to improve the therapeutic application of CAR-T-cell therapy.
Molecular causes and mechanisms of genomic instability in G1- deregulated cell cycle

Eukaryotic DNA replication initiates at numerous sites called origins and is tightly regulated so that chromosomes are accurately replicated only once per cell cycle. Absence of active cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes from late mitosis and during G1 allows the licensing of origins for their potential activation later in S phase. At the G1/S transition, rising levels of CDK activity block additional origin licensing and promote the activation of a subset of licensed origins, together with Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK) activity. Origin activation follows a spatiotemporal program during S phase that is highly conserved in cell populations but partially stochastic in individual cells, and presumed to largely influence the timely completion of DNA replication due to exceeding numbers of licensed origins available to counteract hindered forks. Replication completion is critical to the genome integrity, as cells allowed to enter mitosis with on-going forks might suffer from chromosome breaks upon premature segregation during anaphase. In both yeast and mammals, genomic instability arises when the G1/S transition is deregulated, as cells escaping this control have proliferative advantages and a mutator phenotype. Indeed, cancer cells often show mutations in G1/S regulators and perturbed DNA replication; furthermore, genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer. However, the molecular mechanism by which G1-phase deregulation causes genomic instability remains poorly understood. To study this question, we used budding yeast cells lacking the CDK inhibitor Sic1, a central regulator of the G1 phase and orthologous to p27Kip1 in mammals, as eukaryotic model of oncogenic cell cycles. Here we show that in the absence of Sic1, cells loose functional origin redundancy that directly causes chromosomal instability. Moreover, we report that the differential loss of origin redundancy along the genome delays the completion of DNA synthesis at specific chromosomal regions. Importantly, these defects at sites containing elements delaying fork-progression commit chromosomes to fragility. Finally, we show that chromosomal instability in cells lacking Sic1 can be supressed by retaining cells prior to anaphase entry without alleviating G1-phenotype and origin activity defects, consistent with uncoupled DNA replication completion and mitosis entry. We conclude that in G1/S deregulated cells, chromosomal regions with an irregular distribution of inefficient origins are delayed in completing replication by lacking of functional origin redundancy that causes genomic instability. Moreover, additional obstacles to fork elongation at these regions may impede DNA replication completion and commit these sites to fragility by resulting in chromosome breaks during mitosis, which is considered a driving force of oncogenesis.
Changes in soil microbial community structure after fertilisation with organic fertilisers and biological additives

Various forms of organic fertilisers are often used in agriculture. It is useful to have information on how microbial communities in arable land are affected by fertilisation with different types of fertilisers. One of the indicators of the stability and fertility of the soil ecosystem is the population structure and abundance of soil microorganisms. The aim of the study was to determine how fertilisation and biological additives affected the most active soil microorganisms of the studied functional groups in 2021 and 2022. It was found that organotrophic (113 ± 3 × 10 3 CFU g −1 ) and diazotrophic (161 ± 5 × 10 3 CFU g −1 ) bacteria were most abundant in the spring 2021. However, in 2022, the amount of organotrophs decreased, and their abundance was approximately the same throughout the growing season, probably due to a decrease in the amount of free organic matter in the soil. In 2022, the most abundant organotrophs (91 ± 2 × 10 3 CFU g −1 ) and diazotrophs (100 ± 1 × 10 3 CFU g −1 ) were also in the spring. Organic fertilisers and their different rates had a significant or very significant effect on the abundance of organotrophic, mineral nitrogen-assimilating, and non-symbiotic diazotrophic bacteria, except for diazotrophs in treatments with the biological additive Trichoderma spp. In 2021, nitrifiers (162 ± 5 × 10 3 CFU g −1 ) and fungi (2.29 ± 0.13 × 10 3 CFU g −1 ) were most abundant in the autumn. In 2022, nitrifiers were most abundant in the spring (128 ± 2 × 10 3 CFU g −1 ) but less abundant than in the autumn 2021. During the experimental period, the abundance of fungi and yeasts was highest in the autumn, and this trend was not affected by fertilisation. In the treatments with the biological additive Trichoderma spp. , organic fertilisers significantly or very significantly affected the abundance of fungi and yeasts. However, no significant differences were found in the treatments with the biological additive Azotobacter spp.
Angels on the head of a pin: the occurrence and co-existence of clausiliid species in Europe

While varying greatly in size, European clausiliids have a remarkably consistent and characteristic shell form that distinguishes them from all other land snails in the region. They are found in a wide range of habitats and are geographically widespread, occurring in boreal through to mediterranean climates. There are, however, regional differences in species richness and range sizes, and striking dif - ferences in the number of species that may be found syntopically, even in habitats that appear similar. Regions of high diversity do not always support many species co-occurring at site level. We explore these differences, using information on habitat and microhabitat differences between species to assess the extent to which co-occurrence might be limited by competition or environmental constraints. Neither provide a satisfactory explanation for all patterns, and the effects of Quaternary climate change and limited powers of dispersal are clearly important.
Low-Profile Wideband Differentially Fed Di-Patch Antenna Closely Above Metallic Ground

With increasing popularity of conformal plastic-embedded antennas for automotive applications, low-profile antennas are in high demand. Some of the important challenges are sufficient impedance bandwidth and controllable electromagnetic interaction between the antenna and the metallic chassis. This letter presents an innovative differentially fed di-patch antenna that offers a number of crucial advantages over typical patch antennas: doubled impedance bandwidth, tolerant with respect to metal surfaces, at least 40% smaller footprint area, and no reduction of directivity compared to a patch antenna at the same frequency. The di-patch antenna is described, and its principle-of-operation discussed on the basis of an equivalent model, followed by relevant simulation and measurement results.
Accuracy of SPOT digital elevation model and derivatives: utility for Alaska's North slope

SPOT (Systeme Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre) data are a valuable source of terrain information, especially for areas of the world which are not covered by large-scale topographic maps. Numerous investigators have developed algorithms to produce digital elevation models (DEMs) from SPOT and have evaluated their accuracy. This investigation not only evaluates the accuracy of a portion of a SPOT DEM but evaluates products derived from it; namely, slopes, aspects, and thickness of thaw layer. A DEM, purchased from STX corporation, was created from an image pair with less than optimum difference between image acquisition angles at a study site in northern Alaska.
Experience and Perception of Online Education among Nursing Faculties during Covid-19 Pandemic in Nepal: A Qualitative Study

Corona virus disease - 2019 (COVID-19), the global pandemic, had jeopardized the educational institutes across the world during 2020 and 2021. The designing, preparedness and effectiveness of e-learning in nursing area were not clearly understood, particularly in a country like Nepal. Thus, the study aimed to explore experiences and perception of online education among nursing faculties during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal. A Qualitative research design adopted where 15 nursing faculties from different University across the Nepal involved in online classes since 6 months were interviewed based on principles of data saturation using convenience sampling. Ethical approval was obtained from Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC). Written Informed consent was obtained from nursing faculties via email and in-depth interview was carried out. Confidentiality was maintained throughout the study by coding participants’ records. For the data analysis, the thematic analysis and content analysis were done for the faculties’ experiences and perception. Regarding nursing faculties’ experiences and perception on online education, despite the challenges like: technological, environmental, clinical skills and evaluation methods constraints, they had positive enthusiasm like: economical and easy, technological opportunities and competency. It was concluded online class is one of the crucial modes of teaching and learning in difficult circumstances during this pandemic of corona.