Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature sensitivity to the land-surface model in MM 5 climate simulations over the Iberian Peninsula S

Three different Land Surface Models have been used in three high resolution climate simulations performed with the mesoscale model MM5 over the Iberian Peninsula. The main difference among them lies in the soil moisture treatment, which is dynamically modelled by only two of them (Noah and Pleim & Xiu models), while in the simplest model (Simple Five-Layers) it is fixed to climatological values. The simulated period covers 1958–2002, using the ERA40 reanalysis data as driving conditions. Focusing on near-surface air temperature, this work evaluates the skill of each simulation in reproducing mean values and temporal variability, by comparing the simulations with observed temperature series. When the simplest simulation was analyzed, the greatest discrepances were observed for the summer season, when both, the mean values and the temporal variability of the temperature series, were badly underestimated. These weaknesses are largely overcome in the other two simulations (performed by coupling a more advanced soil model to MM5), and there was greater concordance between the simulated and observed spatial patterns. The influence of a dynamic soil moisture parameterization and, therefore, a more realistic simulation of the latent and sensible heat fluxes between the land and the atmosphere, helps to explain these results.
Numerical Study of the Velocity Decay of Offset Jet in a Narrow and Deep Pool

The present study examines the configuration of an offset jet issuing into a narrow and deep pool. The standard k-ε model with volume-of-fluid (VOF) method was used to simulate the offset jet for three exit offset ratios (OR = 1, 2 and 3), three expansion ratios (ER = 3, 4 and 4.8), and different jet exits (circular and rectangular). The results clearly show significant effects of the circumference of jet exits (Lexit) in the early region of flow development, and a fitted formula is presented to estimate the length of the potential core zone (LPC). Analysis of the flow field for OR = 1 showed that the decay of cross-sectional streamwise maximum mean velocity (Um) in the transition zone could be fitted by power law with the decay rate n decreased from 1.768 to 1.197 as the ER increased, while the decay of Um for OR = 2 or 3 was observed accurately estimated by linear fit. Analysis of the flow field of circular offset jet showed that Um for OR = 2 decayed fastest due to the fact that the main flow could be spread evenly in floor-normal direction. For circular jets, the offset ratio and expansion ratio do not affect the spread of streamwise velocity in the early region of flow development. It was also observed that the absence of sudden expansion of offset jet is analogous to that of a plane offset jet, and the flow pattern is different.
Responding to Literature Texts through Films in English and the L1 within a Multiliteracies Pedagogy

This article presents the results of a study exploring the aesthetic and critical responses of English as a Second Language (ESL) learners when engaging in the multimodal design of literature texts through films in English and their first language (L1). Participants consisted of 25 culturally and linguistically heterogeneous first-year undergraduate students in a Literature in English Language Teaching program in a Malaysian public university. The participants engaged in a multi-modal design of the novel Step by Wicked Step by Anne Fine in three phases over a period of eight weeks based on the four components of the multiliteracies approach: situated practice, overt instruction, critical framing, and transformed practice. The transformed practice component of this approach involved students making and presenting short films both in English and in a local Malaysian language or dialect. Data for the study came from six focal participants’ journal reflections throughout the project and semi-structured interviews with them. The findings showed that the multimodal design of texts through films in the L1 increased personal meaningfulness and intercultural understanding. It also allowed learners to function as language experts, take liberties with the text, and look beyond the text for inspiration from dramas and movies.
The measuring of the spiritual tourism in regions of South Kazakhstan

This article is designed to provide a quantitative measuring of the spiritual tourism management in society in South Kazakhstan region, Kyzylorda and Zhambyl regions. The aim of this study is to develop a spiritual model of the Department of tourism. Especially, the aim of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of three-factor model in the spiritual management of tourism. The research mainly involves a survey plan. It includes a pilot test using with undergraduate students majoring in tourism management of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi International kazakh-turkish university for pre-testing questionnaire items. In addition, it researches the public potency, attraction of potential opportunities, and community cooperation attributes necessitates uncovering variables of interest and this involves a large-scale study of field of view. The data come from personal questionnaires of 918 samples. They include the residents in the South Kazakhstan region, Kyzylorda and Zhambyl regions. Respondents asked to rate, on a five-point Likert scale, their agreement or disagreement on the spiritual of tourism management attributes. The program LISREL is used to data analyze since the proposed model is a simultaneous system of equations having hidden structures and multiple indicators. Quantitative data are analyzed using statistical techniques, namely exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.
Group influence activities and the performance of strategic initiatives

This study examines relationships between group influence activities and the performance of strategic initiatives. Theory suggests that the strength of these relationships is contingent upon the degree of exploration inherent in an initiative's goals. An analysis of 96 initiatives in three large firms supports the moderating role of exploration for the use of formal authority and coalition building, demonstrating that these group influence activities are more important to performance in more exploratory initiatives. Although the direct relationship between rational justification and initiative performance is significant, there is no evidence of the moderating effect for this form of influence. The results show how groups associated with strategic initiatives use different forms of influence to reduce the investment and political uncertainties that limit initiative performance.
FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS AND SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS OF YOUNG AND FIELD AGE OBJECTS WITH MASSES SPANNING THE STELLAR TO PLANETARY REGIME

We combine optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared spectra and photometry to construct expanded spectral energy distributions for 145 field age (>500 Myr) and 53 young (lower age estimate <500 Myr) ultracool dwarfs (M6-T9). This range of spectral types includes very low mass stars, brown dwarfs, and planetary mass objects, providing fundamental parameters across both the hydrogen and deuterium burning minimum masses for the largest sample assembled to date. A subsample of 29 objects have well constrained ages as probable members of a nearby young moving group. We use 182 parallaxes and 16 kinematic distances to determine precise bolometric luminosities (Lbol) and radius estimates from evolutionary models give semi-empirical effective temperatures (Teff) for the full range of young and field age late-M, L, and T dwarfs. We construct age-sensitive relationships of luminosity, temperature, and absolute magnitude as functions of spectral type and absolute magnitude to disentangle the effects of degenerate physical parameters such as Teff, surface gravity, and clouds on spectral morphology. We report bolometric corrections in J for both field age and young objects and find differences of up to a magnitude for late-L dwarfs. Our correction in Ks shows a larger dispersion but not necessarily a different relationship for young and field age sequences. We also characterize the NIR–MIR reddening of low gravity L dwarfs and identify a systematically cooler Teff of up to 300 K from field age objects of the same spectral type and 400 K cooler from field age objects of the same MH magnitude.
Araceae of Grumari restinga: contribution to the conservation of the flora of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Th is study surveyed species of the family Araceae in Grumari restinga, located in the metropolitan region of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We aimed to: i) eva luate the contribution of a single locality (Grumari restinga) to regional conservation (Rio de Janeiro State) of Araceae; and ii) compare the distribution of species of Araceae among restingas of the state. We calculated the extent of occurrence and the area of occupancy in the entire state for eight species of Araceae found in Grumari,and performed a similarity analysis among restingas. Our data de monstrate that the extent of o ccurrences for Anthurium augustinum, A. coriaceum and A. maricense are infl uenced by Grumari because this area is the boundary of their known distribution in the state. Grumari did not have an infl uence on the distribution of the other studied species. We found Anthurium coriaceum, A. luschnathianum and Philodendron crassinervium to exhibit unusual habits as terrestrial plants in sandy soil. Th e similarity analysis identifi ed six groups of Araceae, four of which are related to the distance from adjacent forests. We demonstrated that this small conservation unit represents a key locality in the preservation of natural populations of species of Araceae in Rio de Janeiro State.
On the Computation of Viscosity-Shear Rate Temperature Master Curves for Polymeric Liquids

: Two numerical algorithms for constructing viscosity-shear rate temperature master curves for polymeric liquids from two sets of viscosity-shear rate measurements at two diﬀerent temperature values, based upon the temperature-time superposition principle, are developed. It is shown that simultaneous ﬁtting of the data produces more accurate results than ﬁtting the data independently. Numerical examples based upon both artiﬁcial and laboratory data are given.
Basal Apical

Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.
Capability , Job Satisfaction , and a Multiple Approach of Competitiveness : A Conceptual Framework for University Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia

Despite extensive empirical research linking research capability and competitiveness in the context of manufacturing companies, little attention has focused on the service sector, particularly the educational sector. A review of previous related literature reveals no evidence of research that investigated the relationship between the research capabilities of universities and the multidimensional competitiveness approach. Using the knowledge-based view theory, the study assumes that knowledge is a critical source of competitiveness and there is significant relationship between research capabilities and competitiveness. Additionally, it assumes that such a relationship could be indirect through the mediating effect of job satisfaction. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by testing this theory in the educational field. Additionally, the study uses a multidimensional approach to measure the competitiveness instead of using one proxy of outcomes, which has been widely neglected by similar studies.
A Relay-Coding Matrix for Multi-user Cooperative Communications

In this paper, we consider a scenario that multiple users transmit data to a common destination node with the assistance of one relay station. We present one type of coding matrices that are invertible in the finite field and have maximum information spreading. We analyze the performance based on the input-output weight enumerate function (IOWEF) of the relay coding matrix and show a close match with the results of the log-likelihood ratio decoding. The method gives a way to readily determine when relay coding is preferred. Further, since data from each user is generally coded with channel codes, using relay coding also enables turbo decoding that alternates between a multi-user relay decoder and a number of single-user decoders at the destination. We show via simulations that the turbo decoding converges within only two or three iterations, yet provides significant gains compared with a reference relay system without the multi-user cooperation.
EOS-An Introduction

Current technologies for blockchain fall short of providing what developers and end-users need in order to contract together and to build large scale businesses. We propose EOS, a performance-based and self-governing blockchain that provides an operating system for building large-scale consumerfacing distributed applications. This paper outlines the context, vision and software architecture underlying EOS, which we are building to serve a broad and diverse group of users with smart business. Keywords—EOS, blockchain, smart contract.
Analytic cohomology groups in top degrees of Zariski open sets in P n

Let A ⊂ P be a closed analytic subset of pure codimension q. We denote by q̃ = n− [ n q ] +1 and q̂ = n− [ n−1 q ] (here [x] stands for the integer part of the real number x). Therefore q̂ = q̃ if q|n and q̂ = q̃ − 1 if q 6 |n. It follows from M. Peternell’s results [16] that P \ A is q-complete with corners and from Diederich and Fornaess approximation theorem [7] that P\A is q̃-complete in the sense of Andreotti-Grauert [1]. In particular for every coherent analytic sheaf F ∈ Coh(P \ A) the cohomology groups H (P \ A,F) are trivial for i ≥ q̃. In this paper we will improve this result, in cohomological setting, for Zariski open subsets of P by replacing q̃ with q̂. However we will do this only for coherent algebraic sheaves F ∈ Coh(P). The integer q̂ was introduced by K. Matsumoto [13] in the study of cohomologic convexity of some open sets in complex manifolds which are finite intersection of q-complete open sets. The integer q̃ was introduced by Diederich and Fornaess [7] in connection with the results of G. Faltings [9]. Moreover the vanishing of cohomology spaces will be replaced by their finite-dimensionality. Finite dimensionality conditions for cohomology spaces were considered in some cases in algebraic context by R. Hartshorne [10], A. Ogus [14] and have as analytic correspondent the notion of q-convex space [1]. More precisely, we prove:
Electromagnetic spectral function and dilepton rate in a hot magnetized QCD medium

The dilepton production rate in a hot QCD medium is studied within an effective description of the medium in the presence of a magnetic field. This could be done by obtaining the one-loop self-energy of the photon due to the effective (quasi)quark loop at a finite temperature under an arbitrary external magnetic field while employing the real time formalism of thermal field theory. The effective quarks and gluons encode a hot QCD medium effective in terms of their respective effective fugacities. The magnetic field enters in the form of Landau level quantization, in the matter sector (quarks, antiquarks). The full Schwinger proper time propagator including all the Landau levels is considered for the quasiquarks while calculating the photon self-energy. The electromagnetic Debye screening (in terms of the self-energy) has been influenced by both the hot QCD medium effects and the magnetic field. Analogous results are also obtained from the semiclassical transport theory. The imaginary part of the photon self-energy function is obtained from the discontinuities of the self-energy across the unitary cuts that are also present at the zero magnetic field and the Landau cuts that are purely due to the magnetic field. The dilepton production rate is then obtained in terms of the product of electromagnetic spectral functions due to the quark loop and the lepton loop. The modifications of both the quarks/antiquarks as well as leptons in the presence of an arbitrary external magnetic field have been considered in the formalism. Significant enhancement of the low invariant mass dileptons due to the appearance of the Landau cuts in the electromagnetic spectral function at the finite external magnetic field has been observed. A substantial enhancement of the dilepton rate is also found when the equation of state effects are considered through the effective quarks/antiquraks.
Dust charging and density conditions deduced from observations of PMWE modulated by artificial electron heating

observed relaxation, since this requires winds of around 100 m s � 1 . The most probable cause is photo detachment by which negatively charged dust can lose excess electrons by photon absorption with energies less than the dust material’s work function. By comparing the observed heating with heating model profiles, the electron density at 65 km height must have been of the order of 3 � 10 9 m � 3 . This agrees with PMWE occurring mainly during disturbed conditions with high electron densities. Our results also indicate that in the strongest PMWE layers, electron bite-outs exist consistent with the role of charged dust particles in the mechanism of PMWE and implying larger dust densities.
Coordinating Separate Markets for Externalities

We show that inefficiencies from having separate markets to correct an environmental externality are significantly mitigated when firms participate in an integrated product market. Firms take into account the distribution of externality prices and reallocate output from markets with high prices to markets with low prices. Investment in cleaner and more efficient capacity serves as an additional mechanism to reallocate output, which increases the marginal benefit of investment, and consequently improves longer-term outcomes. Using data from an integrated wholesale electricity market, we estimate a dynamic structural model of production and investment to bound the loss from separate markets for carbon dioxide emissions, and quantify the extent to which optimal investment can compensate for the loss. Despite the lack of the “invisible hand” of a single emissions market, profit-maximizing firms can play a crucial role in coordinating otherwise uncoordinated environmental regulations.
Modeling the effects of investor sentiment and conditional volatility in international stock markets

Behavioral finance argues that some properties of asset prices are most reasonably considered as deviations from fundamental value and they are caused by the presence of traders who are not fully rational hence called noise traders. Noise trader approach assumes that sentiment traders exert greater influence during highsentiment periods than during low-sentiment periods, and sentiment traders misestimate the variance of returns weakening the mean-variance relation. This studyâ€™s main objective is to provide a framework to model conditional volatility regarding the changes in the investor sentiment by measuring the effect of noise trader demand shocks on the volatility of stock market indexes of the various countries. GARCH, TARCH, and EGARCH models are used to test whether earning shocks have more influence on the conditional volatility in high sentiment periods weakening the mean-variance relation. This paper takes an international approach using weekly and daily returns of Nasdaq, Dow, S&P500, Nikkei225, HangSeng, FTSE100, CAC40, DAX, and ISE indexes. Weekly and daily trading volume changes of these indexes are used as a proxy for investor sentiment and significant evidence is found that there is asymmetric volatility in these market indexes and earning shocks have more influence on conditional volatility when the sentiment is high.
SEASONAL AND ANNUAL CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN EUROPE OVER 2011 – 2070

The knowledge of evapotranspiration variation is necessary not only for climatology reasons but also for agriculture and hydrology purposes to understand the amount of water resources and its distribution in territory. Here, we present an exhaustive study of spatial distribution of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) in Europe, both for seasonal and annual time-shifts related to the present (2011– 2040) and the future (2041–2070). The method is based on the crop coefficients (Kc) and the climate modes. The seasonal ETc varies in Europe from 0 mm to 772 mm in the present period and from 0 mm to 848 mm in the future period. The annual ETc ranges from 0 mm to 1385 mm year -1 for the present while the future calculations indicate values which range from 0 mm to 1496 mm year . Elevated values of annual ETc were depicted in the Iberian Peninsula, Balkan Peninsula, Italian Peninsula, and Pannonian basin. These findings are the base for the water resources quantity in Europe for the 21 century, with major help in the hydrological and climatological studies, but also for the agriculture and planning strategies, policymakers’ decisions, and considerable scientific contribution.
Zipf's Law for Cities and Beyond: The Case of Denmark

Zipf's law for cities is one of the most conspicuous and robust empirical facts in the social sciences. It says that for most countries, the size distribution of cities must fit the power law: the number of cities with populations greater than "S" is inversely proportional to "S". The present paper answers three questions related to Zipf's law: (1) does the Danish case refute Zipf's law for cities? , (2) what are the implications of Zipf's law for models of local growth? , and (3) do we have a Zipf's law for firms? Based on empirical data on the 61 largest Danish cities for year 2000, the answer to (1) is NO-the Danish case is not the exception which refutes Zipf's law. The consideration of (2) then leads to an empirical test of (3). The question of the existence of Zipf's law for firms is tested on a sample of 14,541 Danish production companies (the total population for 1997 with 10 employees or more). Based on the empirical evidence, the answer to (3) is YES in the sense that the growth pattern of Danish production companies follows a clean rank-size distribution consistent with Zipf's law. Copyright 2001 The American Journal of Economics and Sociology.
Whatever Happened to Self-Control? A Proposal for Integrating Notions From Trait Self-Control Studies Into State Self-Control Research

In this article we discuss recent findings in trait self-control research suggesting that successful self-control may rely on either handling the self-control dilemma in a smart and effortless way or on the effortfully inhibiting an immediate urge or an unwanted response. We then contrast these results with findings from ego-depletion research on state self-control that up to now has focused on merely (consequences of) effortful inhibition. In doing so, we aim to shift the focus of recent debate about the underlying mechanisms of the ego-depletion phenomenon to the broader and more important question of how successful self-control operates. Specifically, we emphasize that dealing with personally relevant dilemmas or conflicts is often absent from the ego-depletion paradigm, which is crucial for understanding why and how people are able and willing to prioritize a higher ultimate goal. We first discuss the key role for handling self-control dilemmas in trait self-control research. Subsequently, we discuss how self-control dilemmas are seemingly absent from ego-depletion paradigms and then suggest future directions for self-control research.