Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Risk Factors and Biosecurity Measures Associated with Prevalence of Newcastle Disease Virus in Broiler Farms

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the major viral diseases of poultry, remains a constant threat in poultry farms that causes huge economic losses every year. However, little is known regarding the potential risk factors of the disease in broiler. The study was undertaken to ascertain the potential risk factors and biosecurity measures in ND prevalent broiler farm. A total of 116 broiler farms were considered as a sample size from a different area of Barishal district of Bangladesh in which 19.83% ND prevalence was found. In the findings, the farmers (33.62%) who had training on poultry farming, were significantly less ND positive case (7.69%). Besides this, among the different risk factors and biosecurity measures only shed location, ventilation, vaccination status, feeder and waterer cleaning frequency, visitors accession, pets in the farm, use of disinfectant and seasonal variation had significant effect on ND outbreak. However, among all the factors only farmers training (OR=0.025; 95% CI: 0.001-0.509), shed location (OR=0.035; 95% CI: 0.003-0.390), vaccination against ND (OR=0.017; 95% CI: 0.001-0.435) and use of disinfectant daily (OR=0.011; 95% CI: 0.000-0.294) made a unique statistically significant contribution to the regression model and the predictors had approximately similar strength on reporting ND outbreak. In completion, ND can be reduced in broiler farms by improving the level of common biosecurity, farm management practices, and minimizing the potential risk factors through training of farmers, awareness build-up, and enforcement of these practices on the farms.
Embedded research in rehabilitation engineering

We examine concepts of new knowledge creation and embedded research in a case study on the i-limb, the world’s first commercial prosthetic hand with five independently powered digits. Although the case demonstrates many elements of the mode 2 concept, that does not adequately describe the influence of context. In addition to the forces of contextualization, we argue there was also a strong influence on the R&D process and product from the embedding of scientific research and technology development in a location of use, specifically a prosthetic clinic in a hospital. We use the literature on embedded research to supplement our examination of this case of new knowledge creation. We contribute to the literature on mode 2 knowledge production and contexts of application by applying the literature on embedded research to explain the creation of new knowledge in locations of use.
Electromagnetically induced transparency in Raman gain for realizing a superluminal ring laser.

We describe an approach for realizing a superluminal ring laser using a single isotope of Rb vapor by producing electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Raman gain. We show that by modifying the detuning and the intensity of the optical pump field used for generating the two-photon population inversion needed for generating Raman gain, it is possible to generate a dip in the center of the gain profile that can be tuned to produce a vanishingly small group index, as needed for making the Raman laser superluminal. We show that two such lasers, employing two different vapor cells, can be realized simultaneously, operating in counter-propagating directions in the same cavity, as needed for realizing a superluminal ring laser gyroscope. This technique, employing only one isotope, is much simpler than the earlier, alternative approach for realizing a superluminal Raman laser based on Raman gain and Raman dip in two isotopes [Zhou et. al, Opt. Express27, 29738 (2019)10.1364/OE.27. 029738]. We present both an approximate theoretical model based on four levels as well as the results of a model that takes into account all relevant hyperfine states corresponding to the D1 and D2 transitions in 85Rb atom. We also present experimental results, in good agreement with the theoretical model, to validate the approach.
Gross motor coordination in relation to weight status in 7- to 9-year-old children

Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide with its negative health and psychosocial consequences. Research evidence suggests that obesity is strongly associated with low motor competence. In the past two decades, there has been increasing evidence that motor competence is crucial for developing an active and healthy lifestyle. Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate gross motor coordination in overweight and obese children compared with normal-weight peers. Methods: Data were collected in 326 children (160 boys, 49.1%) aged 7-9 years (mean 8.02, SD 0.81). Their weight status determined by body mass index (BMI) was defined in accordance with the International Obesity Task Force cut-off points for children and they were classified into two BMI groups: a normal-weight group and an overweight/obese group. Gross motor coordination was identified by means of the Korperkoordination Test fur Kinder (KTK). Differences between groups were evaluated using independent samples t-test. Pearson correlations were performed to explore the associations between motor coordination indicators and BMI. Results: This study demonstrated that gross motor coordination is significantly lower in overweight and obese girls and boys than in normal-weight children. Small to moderate inverse correlations (-.18 ≤ r ≤ -.39) were found between KTK parameters and BMI, for both sexes. More than 15% of the normal-weight children were identified as being motor impaired, but that proportion was 59.3% in overweight and obese children. Conclusions: Children with normal weight of both sexes demonstrated significantly higher gross motor coordination than overweight and obese children. Considering the crucial role of motor competence in physical activity engagement, there is a need for early identification of possible motor impairments in overweight or obese children.
Role of interactions in a closed quenched driven diffusive system

We study the non-equilibrium steady states in a closed system consisting of interacting particles obeying exclusion principle with quenched hopping rate. Cluster mean field approach is utilized to theoretically analyze the system dynamics in terms of phase diagram, density profiles, current, etc, with respect to interaction energy E. It turns out that on increasing the interaction energy beyond a critical value, E c, shock region shows non-monotonic behavior and contracts until another critical value Ec1 is attained; a further increase leads to its expansion. Moreover, the phase diagram of an interacting system with specific set of parameters has a good agreement with its non-interacting analogue. For interaction energy below E c, a new shock phase displaying features different from non-interacting version is observed leading to two distinct shock phases. We have also performed Monte Carlo simulations extensively to validate our theoretical findings.
Residual and local influence analyses for unit gamma regressions

We obtain local influence measures and residuals for the unit gamma regression model. In particular, we introduce four residuals that are based on Fisher's iterative scoring parameter estimation algorithm and develop local influence analysis based on several different perturbation schemes: cases weighting, response additive perturbation, and covariate(s) additive perturbation. An empirical application in which variables related to education and investment in research and development are used to explain the proportion of nonpoor people in a set of countries is presented and discussed. Residual and local influence analyses show that the unit gamma regression model yields a good fit to the data, even outperforming the beta regression model. The diagnostic analysis singles out countries whose data are worthy of further investigation. Our results reveal that lower poverty levels are associated with higher shares of investment in high technology. The statistical significance of such a relationship is not sensitive to atypical data points.
Unlived Life: The Death and Funeral of a Child in Slavic Traditional Culture

This ethnolinguistic study based on the analysis of the archival and field data from various Slavic traditions gives an account of the reasons, meaning, and folk comprehension of untimely death – that of a child. Such a tragic event is seen as a result of intricate reasons: God’s will, the fate, the verdict of the Fates, parents’ ban on the rules, and lack of veneration of the saints, black magic, the evil eye, curse, etc. The amalgamation of Christian views and the pre-Christian perception of early death brings about a combination of notions that seem to be impossible, even more since fatalism comes along with the simultaneous assurance that an early death can be averted with the help of rites and magic acts performed on a newborn baby. Magic programming of a baby’s longevity, which starts with the conception and goes through the delivery and postpartum period, various signs, omens, fortune-telling, and prophetic dreams are scrutinized in the first part of the article. Further on the specifics of the funeral of a baby are analysed, with special attention paid to the magic means to separate the baby from the mother and to prevent the death of other children. The types of commemoration and the obstacles of a baby’s fate in the other world are also investigated in terms of reflecting the behaviour of the deceased child’s relatives. To conclude, the author depicts the stability of some archaic beliefs which one can observe at a child’s funeral, and commemorative practices nowadays.
Religious education for free and equal citizens

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to interact critically with Matthew Clayton and David Stevens’s recent critique of non-confessional religious education, constituted as a separate, compulsory subject in the school curriculum. Three different critical arguments are considered: the contention that religious education is an unsuitable vehicle for fostering toleration and mutual understanding; their framing and application of an ‘acceptability requirement’ to religious education, which states that government principles and policy should be justified by reasons that cannot be rejected by reasonable citizens, and which they believe religious education fails; and finally, their rejection of the view that religious education fulfils a democratic purpose in providing pupils with the competences to consider and assess religious claims to truth. Religious education is defended against all three charges.
Genotype May Influence Bacterial Diversity in Bark and Bud of Vitis vinifera Cultivars Grown under the Same Environment

Viticulture is globally an important economic activity, and grapevine microbiomes hold a significant role in influencing yield and quality. Earlier studies showed that cultivar and agronomic management affect grapevine microbiome structure and, potentially, the quality of the end product. While microbial dynamics and ecology were established on some grapevine tissues, i.e., leaves and grapes, there is less knowledge deciphering microbiomes on other tissues, i.e., barks and buds. Moreover, although the impact on the microbiome of the so-called “vitivinicultural terroir” is well established, there are limited data considering microbiomes of genetically diverse cultivars within the same environment. Our study aims to explore microbiome diversity on bud and bark tissues of 37 different grapevine cultivars under the same environment and agronomic management. We targeted the V2-9 regions of the 16S rRNA gene of the microbiomes in bark and buds at the onset of new vegetation and bud expansion using Ion Torrent sequencing technology. Our results show that these tissues display high bacterial diversity regardless of cultivars’ use. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the most prevalent among 11 detected phyla. The genotype of the cultivar seems to affect bacterial diversity and structure (p < 0.001) within the same environment. Our approach highlights the efficiency of high-throughput sequencing to unfold microbiomes of several grapevine parts that could be an important source of microbial inoculation and an important molecular fingerprint of the wine and grape end products.
Teaching Approaches and Educational Technologies in Teaching Mathematics in Higher Education

The growing use of technology for mathematics in higher education opens new pedagogical and technological challenges for teachers. The objective of this study was to analyze the teaching approaches and technology-related pedagogical competencies of 29 mathematics teachers (15 females and 14 males) from nine European countries. After conducting semi-structured interviews, the Approaches to Teaching Inventory (ATI-16) and the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework survey were applied. The results show large individual variations in teaching approaches, technological competencies, and institutional support. One-third of teachers apply a more student-centered approach, one-third a more teacher-centered approach, and one-third a mixed approach. Educating and supporting teachers in embracing educational technologies thus needs to be tailored strongly to individual needs and the available institutional support resources and infrastructure.
Seasonal Distributions of Phytoplankton and Environmental Factors Generate Algal Blooms in the Taehwa River, South Korea

Algal blooms have occurred in the Taehwa River estuary in South Korea despite the improvement of water quality since environmental renewal projects in the 1990s. In this study, we investigated the causes of algal blooms by measuring the water retention time using a floating buoy, water quality parameters, and phytoplankton distribution data from 2012. An algal bloom did not occur in February because of phosphate limitations in the Taehwa River estuary; however, the concentration of nutrients in the water inflow from the basin triggered a significant algal bloom in the upper estuary in the month of May. In this regard, the phytoplankton population was dominated by nano- and pico-sized flagellates. In August, the freshwater inflow into the estuary greatly increased due to heavy rainfall, resulting in a shorter retention time of the water bodies, which seemed to prevent an algal bloom. In November, a bloom of Cryptophyceae occurred at one of the sites (the U2 site) due to sufficient nutrients in the water and the long retention times of the water bodies. Our results indicate that a decrease in the nutrients (N and P) supplied from the basin is required for a reduction in algal blooms in the Taehwa River estuary. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate the effects of the land-based, nutrient-rich pollutants flowing into the Taehwa River estuary on algal bloom generation considering the fact that the streams have different environmental characteristics.
What Makes a Rule Complex?

We study the complexity of rules by paying experimental subjects to implement a series of algorithms and then eliciting their willingness-to-pay to avoid implementing them again in the future. The design allows us to examine hypotheses from the theoretical “automata” literature about the characteristics of rules that generate complexity costs. We find substantial aversion to complexity and a number of regularities in the characteristics of rules that make them complex and costly for subjects. Experience with a rule, the way a rule is represented, and the context in which a rule is implemented (mentally versus physically) also influence complexity. (JEL C73, D11, D12, D83, D91)
Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy of Androgen Deficiency in Ageing Male (ADAM) Questionnaire for the Clinical Detection of Androgen Deficiency in the Male Population in Pakistan

Introduction: Androgen deficiency in relation to the increasing age is quite prevalent worldwide. However, diagnosing it in low-income countries is quite a challenge due to cost concerns. Through this study, we plan to measure the sensitivity and specificity of the Androgen Deficiency in Ageing Male (ADAM) questionnaire in the Pakistani population. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted from September 2019 to November 2019 in a Pakistani tertiary care hospital. Two hundred and fifty-five participants belonging to ages 30-69 years completed the ADAM Questionnaire in the out-patient department. Venous blood samples were taken to check serum total testosterone levels. Results: The ADAM questionnaire revealed 90.12% sensitivity, 41.3% specificity, 45.34% positive predictive value, 90.80% negative predictive value, and 61.29% accuracy in the Pakistani population. Conclusion: Low specificity and positive predictive value have been shown by the ADAM questionnaire. Hence, it cannot be used as a diagnostic tool to detect androgen deficiency, replacing the blood sample.
Machine learning for analyzing and characterizing InAsSb-based nBn photodetectors

This paper discusses two cases of applying artificial neural networks to the capacitance–voltage characteristics of InAsSb-based barrier infrared detectors. In the first case, we discuss a methodology for training a fully-connected feedforward network to predict the capacitance of the device as a function of the absorber, barrier, and contact doping densities, the barrier thickness, and the applied voltage. We verify the model’s performance with physics-based justification of trends observed in single parameter sweeps, partial dependence plots, and two examples of gradient-based sensitivity analysis. The second case focuses on the development of a convolutional neural network that addresses the inverse problem, where a capacitance–voltage profile is used to predict the architectural properties of the device. The advantage of this approach is a more comprehensive characterization of a device by capacitance–voltage profiling than may be possible with other techniques. Finally, both approaches are material and device agnostic, and can be applied to other semiconductor device characteristics.
The Role of Integrated Schools in Improving Islamic Education in Muslim Minority Areas of Cambodia

This study aims to find out how to improve Islamic religious education in the Krouch Chmar area, Cambodia where this area is an Islamic village in the middle of Cambodia, which is a majority Buddhist community, then the Musa Asih Integrated School (SEPAMA) is present which has a role in helping increase in Islamic education. This research uses qualitative methods, data collection using observation, interviews and documentation, qualitative data analysis is carried out continuously to completion. The findings of this researcher are that Islamic religious education in the Krouch Chmar area began to develop with the existence of an integrated school system where this school has a combination of curriculum, namely the national curriculum and the Islamic religious education curriculum, through this school finally Islamic religious education begins to increase because children and the community can easily learn Islamic religious education, this is supported by programs owned by SEPAMA, so that from this school it provides a role in improving Islamic religious education in Islamic minority areas in Cambodia, starting from a pedagogical role, a moralspiritual role and a socioculture which ultimately improves Islamic religious education in the area. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peningkatan pendidikan agama Islam di daerah Krouch Chmar, Kamboja dimana daerah ini adalah perkampungan Islam yang berada ditengah-tengah Negara Kamboja yang mayoritas masyarakat pemeluk agama Budha, kemudian hadirlah Sekolah Bersepadu Musa Asih (SEPAMA) yang memiliki peran dalam membantu peningkatan pedidikan agama Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, analisis data kualitatif ini dilakukan secara terus menerus sampai tuntas. Hasil temuan peneliti ini adalah pendidikan agama Islam di daerah Krouch Chmar mulai berkembang dengan adanya sekolah bersistem integrasi dimana sekolah ini memiliki perpaduan kurikulum yaitu kurikulum kebangsaan dan kurikulum Pendidikan agama Islam, melalui sekolah ini akhirnya Pendidikan agama Islam mulai meningkat karena anak-anak dan masyarakat dapat dengan mudah belajar pendidikan agama Islam, hal ini didukung dengan program-program yang dimiliki oleh SEPAMA, sehingga dari sekolah ini memberikan peran dalam meningkatkan Pendidikan agama Islam di daerah minoritas Islam di Kamboja, mulai dari peran pedagogis, peran moral-spiritual dan peran sosio-kultural yang akhirnya meningkatkan pendidikan agama Islam di daerah tersebut.
Climate‐Driven Variability and Trends in Plant Productivity Over Recent Decades Based on Three Global Products

Variability in climate exerts a strong influence on vegetation productivity (gross primary productivity; GPP), and therefore has a large impact on the land carbon sink. However, no direct observations of global GPP exist, and estimates rely on models that are constrained by observations at various spatial and temporal scales. Here, we assess the consistency in GPP from global products which extend for more than three decades; two observation‐based approaches, the upscaling of FLUXNET site observations (FLUXCOM) and a remote sensing derived light use efficiency model (RS‐LUE), and from a suite of terrestrial biosphere models (TRENDYv6). At local scales, we find high correlations in annual GPP among the products, with exceptions in tropical and high northern latitudes. On longer time scales, the products agree on the direction of trends over 58% of the land, with large increases across northern latitudes driven by warming trends. Further, tropical regions exhibit the largest interannual variability in GPP, with both rainforests and savannas contributing substantially. Variability in savanna GPP is likely predominantly driven by water availability, although temperature could play a role via soil moisture‐atmosphere feedbacks. There is, however, no consensus on the magnitude and driver of variability of tropical forests, which suggest uncertainties in process representations and underlying observations remain. These results emphasize the need for more direct long‐term observations of GPP along with an extension of in situ networks in underrepresented regions (e.g., tropical forests). Such capabilities would support efforts to better validate relevant processes in models, to more accurately estimate GPP.