Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-Perceived Mental Health and Perceived Discrimination in Family Physicians and Residents: A Comparative Study Between Men and Women

Introduction: The present study aims to examine sex differences in demographic variables, professional activities and adversities, self-reported mental health problems, and perceived discrimination in a sample of family doctors and family medicine residents in Mexico. Methods: From a larger sample of medical specialists, an analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted with 566 participants, including 317 (56%) family medicine residents and 249 (44%) family doctors in Mexico through an online survey. Demographic features, professional activities and adversities, mental health, and perceived discrimination were examined. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed. Cramer’s V for chi-square tests and Hedge’s g for t test were conducted to determine effect sizes. Results: Both sexes displayed similar percentages of professional adversities (such as attending patients with suicidal behavior or who died not by suicide under their care), and a higher number of women reported seeking specialized support to cope with these deaths (Fisher = 0.04). Men perceived greater discrimination (P = .01), worked more hours per day (P < .001) and were more verbally assaulted (P = .04), whereas women reported mental health problems more frequently (P < .001) particularly depression, anxiety, burnout and sleeping problems. Women also reported worse health status (P < .001) when compared with men. Conclusion: Family medicine specialists constitute a vulnerable group for mental health problems and perceived discrimination. Particular attention should be paid to how men and women cope with professional adversities to determine whether additional support is required. Interventions should encourage self-care and promote the well-being of health personnel.
The Decays of $B_c$ meson to $P$ wave charmonium $\chi_c (h_c)$ and to leptons with gluon bremsstrahlung

Theoretical computations on the decays of $B_c$ meson to $P$-wave charmonium $\chi_c$ or $h_c$ with some particle(s) else and on the decays of $B_c$ meson to leptons with gluon bremsstrahlung, and the results as well are outlined.
Jenny: Securing Syscalls for PKU-based Memory Isolation Systems

Effective syscall ﬁltering is a key component for withstanding the numerous exploitation techniques and privilege escalation attacks we face today. For example, modern browsers use sandboxing techniques with syscall ﬁltering in order to isolate critical code. Cloud computing heavily uses containers, which virtualize the syscall interface. Recently, cloud providers are switching to in-process containers for performance reasons, calling for better isolation primitives. A new isolation primi-tive that has the potential to ﬁll this gap is called Protection Keys for Userspace (PKU). Unfortunately, prior research high-lights severe deﬁciencies in how PKU-based systems manage syscalls, questioning their security and practicability. In this work, we comprehensively investigate syscall ﬁltering for PKU-based memory isolation systems. First, we identify new syscall-based attacks that can break a PKU sandbox. Second, we derive syscall ﬁlter rules necessary for protecting PKU domains and show efﬁcient ways of enforcing them. Third, we do a comparative study on different syscall interposition techniques with respect to their suitability for PKU, which allows us to design a secure syscall interposition technique that is both fast and ﬂexible. We design and prototype Jenny– a PKU-based memory isolation system that provides powerful syscall ﬁltering capabilities in userspace. Jenny supports various interposition techniques (e.g., seccomp and ptrace), and allows for domain-speciﬁc syscall ﬁltering in a nested way. Furthermore, it handles asynchronous signals securely. Our evaluation shows a minor performance impact of 0–5% for nginx.
lncRNA-AC130710/miR-129-5p/mGluR1 axis promote migration and invasion by activating PKCα-MAPK signal pathway in melanoma

Abstract Invasion and metastasis of melanoma are a series of complicated biological events regulated by multiple factors. The coregulation of many molecules involved in the development and progression of melanoma contributes to invasion and migration. mGluR1 is a metabotropic glutamate receptor that is overexpressed in melanocytes and is sufficient to induce melanoma. In our study, we found that mGluR1 was obviously increased in melanoma. Furthermore, we found that miR-129-5p could directly target and regulate mGluR1 mRNA, which was significantly reduced in A375 cells. Overexpression of miR-129-5p inhibited cell migration, invasion and clonal formation. lncRNA-AC130710 directly targeted and suppressed miR-129-5p in A375 cells. Downregulation of lncRNA-AC130710 suppressed the levels of mGluR1 mRNA by promoting miR-129-5p expression and further inhibiting migration, invasion and colony formation in A375 cells, which was associated with the activation of the PKCα-MAPK signaling pathway. Taken together, our study showed that the lncRNA-AC130710/miR-129-5p/mGluR1 axis plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of melanoma.
Long noncoding and micro-RNA expression in a model of articular chondrocyte degeneration induced by stromal cell-derived factor-1

Abstract Background Gene regulatory network analysis has found that long noncoding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Objectives To determine the differential expression of lncRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) in normal chondrocytes and those from a model of articular chondrocyte degeneration. Methods Chondrocytes were cultured from cartilage obtained from patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis of the knee. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) was used to induce their degeneration. Total RNA was extracted, analyzed, amplified, labeled, and hybridized on a chip to determine expression. The set of enriched differentially expressed miRNAs was analyzed by gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes to describe the functional properties of the key biological processes and pathways. We conducted a bioinformatics analysis using Cytoscape to elucidate the interactions between miRNAs and proteins. Results We found that the expression of 186 lncRNAs was significantly different in the model of chondrocyte degeneration, in which 88 lncRNAs were upregulated, and 98 were downregulated. Expression of 684 miRNAs was significantly different. Analysis of the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network indicated that the genes for CXCL10, ISG15, MYC, MX1, OASL, IFIT1, RSAD2, MX2, IFI44L, and BST2 are the top 10 core genes, identifying the most important functional modules to elucidate the differential expression of miRNAs. Conclusions These data may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of chondrocyte degeneration in osteoarthritis, and the identification of lncRNAs and miRNAs may provide potential targets for the differential diagnosis and therapy of osteoarthritis.
Ultrasound contrast agents from microbubbles to biogenic gas vesicles

Abstract Microbubbles have been the earliest and most widely used ultrasound contrast agents by virtue of their unique features: such as non-toxicity, intravenous injectability, ability to cross the pulmonary capillary bed, and significant enhancement of echo signals for the duration of the examination, resulting in essential preclinical and clinical applications. The use of microbubbles functionalized with targeting ligands to bind to specific targets in the bloodstream has further enabled ultrasound molecular imaging. Nevertheless, it is very challenging to utilize targeted microbubbles for molecular imaging of extravascular targets due to their size. A series of acoustic nanomaterials have been developed for breaking free from this constraint. Especially, biogenic gas vesicles, gas-filled protein nanostructures from microorganisms, were engineered as the first biomolecular ultrasound contrast agents, opening the door for more direct visualization of cellular and molecular function by ultrasound imaging. The ordered protein shell structure and unique gas filling mechanism of biogenic gas vesicles endow them with excellent stability and attractive acoustic responses. What’s more, their genetic encodability enables them to act as acoustic reporter genes. This article reviews the upgrading progresses of ultrasound contrast agents from microbubbles to biogenic gas vesicles, and the opportunities and challenges for the commercial and clinical translation of the nascent field of biomolecular ultrasound.
QCSD: A QUIC Client-Side Website-Fingerprinting Defence Framework

Website ﬁngerprinting attacks, which analyse the metadata of encrypted network communication to identify visited web-sites, have been shown to be effective on privacy-enhancing technologies including virtual private networks (VPNs) and encrypted proxies. Despite this, VPNs are still undefended against these attacks, leaving millions of users vulnerable. Proposed defences against website ﬁngerprinting require co-operation between the client and a remote endpoint to reshape the network trafﬁc, thereby hindering deployment. We observe that the rapid and wide-spread deployment of QUIC and HTTP/3 creates an exciting opportunity to build website-ﬁngerprinting defences directly into client applications, such as browsers, without requiring any changes to web servers, VPNs, or the deployment of new network services. We therefore design and implement the QCSD framework, which leverages QUIC and HTTP/3 to emulate existing website-ﬁngerprinting defences by bidirectionally adding cover trafﬁc and reshaping connections solely from the client. As case studies, we emulate both the FRONT and Tama-raw defences solely from the client and collected several datasets of live-defended trafﬁc on which we evaluated modern machine-learning based attacks. Our results demonstrate the promise of this approach in shaping connections towards client-orchestrated defences, thereby removing a primary barrier to the deployment of website-ﬁngerprinting defences.
On Confidence Limits for the Reliability of Systems

0. Summary. The asymptotic chi-square distribution of the log-likelihood ratio is used to obtain approximate confidence intervals for the reliability of any system which may be represented by a monotone function of Bernoulli variates. This generalizes the results of A. Madansky, Technometrics, November 1965, for series, parallel and series-parallel systems. The method used is to parameterize the log-likelihood equation so as to find the interval of parameter values which keeps the log-likelihood less than or equal to the specified quantile of the chisquare distribution. This is done by introducing an operator depending upon the parameter, a fixed point of which is the solution of the likelihood ratio equation, and by showing the operator is a contractive map and hence has a unique fixed point depending continuously on the parameter. The solution can be found simply by iteration. 1. Introduction. Several approaches have been made to the problem of determining confidence limits for system reliability. Buehler [2] has given upper confidence lirnits for the product of two binomial parameters using Poisson approximations with an accuracy believed to be adequate whenever both sample sizes exceed forty. Buehler's method has been extended by Lipow [5] and Steck [8], for certain cases and short tabulations have been made. Madansky [6] has made use of the log-likelihood ratio's asymptotic chi-square distribution to obtain confidence intervals for series, parallel and series-parallel systems. It is the extension of this last result to a much wider class of systems that we present here. The reason for this effort is the acknowledged inadequacy in many practical instances of the only known method of finding confidence bounds, from data on the performance of the components, for the reliability of general systems. This known method is the use of the asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimates. A comparison, for certain cases of practical importance, of the method presented here with this alternative method is carried out in [7]. There the authors have shown that the use of the asymptotic chi-square method to determine confidence limits yields results which are substantially better for small sample sizes and equivalent for large ones for the cases considered. In order to be specific about the class of systems which we consider here, it is necessary to introduce some notation. For the ith component among m, let the Bernoulli random variable Yi indicate performance by taking the value one for success and zero for failure. The state of the components then is the vector Y = ( Y1, * * *, Yin). By a coherent (monotone) structure we follow [1] to mean there
"Like Lesbians Walking the Perimeter": Experiences of U.S. LGBTQ+ Folks With Online Security, Safety, and Privacy Advice

Given stigma and threats surrounding being gay or transgender, LGBTQ+ folks often seek support and information on navigating identity and personal (digital and physical) safety. While prior research on digital security advice focused on a general population and general advice, our work focuses on queer security, safety, and privacy advice-seeking to determine population-speciﬁc needs and takeaways for broader advice research. We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with 14 queer participants diverse across race, age, gender, sexuality, and socioeconomic status. We ﬁnd that participants turn to their trusted queer support groups for advice, since they often experienced similar threats. We also document reasons that participants sometimes reject advice, including that it would interfere with their material livelihood and their potential to connect with others. Given our results, we recommend that queer-speciﬁc and general security and safety advice focus on speciﬁcity— why and how—over consistency, because advice cannot be one-size-ﬁts-all. We also discuss the value of intersectionality as a framework for understanding vulnerability to harms in security research, since our participants’ overlapping identities affected their threat models and advice perception.
GET /out: Automated Discovery of Application-Layer Censorship Evasion Strategies

The censorship arms race has recently gone through a transformation, thanks to recent efforts showing that new ways to evade censorship can be discovered in an automated fashion. However, all of these prior automated efforts operate by manipulating TCP/IP headers; while impressive, deploying these have proven challenging, as header modiﬁcations often require greater privileges than are available to censorship cir-cumvention apps. In that line of work, the application layer has gone largely unexplored. This is not without reason: the space of application messages is much larger and far less structured than TCP/IP headers. In this paper, we present the ﬁrst techniques to automate the discovery of new censorship evasion techniques purely in the application layer. We present a general solution and apply it speciﬁcally to HTTP and DNS censorship in China, India, and Kazakhstan. Our automated techniques discovered a total of 77 unique evasion strategies for HTTP and 9 for DNS, all of which require only application-layer modiﬁcations, making them easier to incorporate into apps and deploy. We analyze these strategies and shed new light into the inner workings of the censors. We ﬁnd that the success of application-layer strategies can depend heavily on the type and version of the destination server. Surprisingly, a large class of our evasion strategies exploit instances in which censors are more RFC-compliant than popular application servers. We have made our code publicly available.
How Are Your Zombie Accounts? Understanding Users' Practices and Expectations on Mobile App Account Deletion

Account deletion is an important way for users to exercise their right to delete. However, little work has been done to evaluate the usability of account deletion in mobile apps. In this paper, we conducted a 647-participants online survey covering two countries along with an additional 20-participants on-site interview to explore users’ awareness, practices, and expectations for mobile app account deletion. The studies were based on the account deletion model we proposed, which was summarized from an empirical measurement covering 60 mobile apps. The results reveal that although account deletion is highly demanded, users commonly keep zombie app accounts in practice due to the lack of awareness. Moreover, users’ understandings and expectations of account deletion are different from the current design of apps in many aspects. Our ﬁndings indicate that current ruleless implementations made consumers feel inconvenienced during the deletion process, especially the hidden entry and complex operation steps, which even blocked a non-negligible number of users exercising account deletion. Finally, we provide some design recommendations for making mobile app account deletion more usable for consumers.
HiPR+: A Protocol for Centimeter 3D Localization based on UWB

HiPR+ is an approach for centimeter-accurate indoor localization. It combines distance estimation between ultra-wideband (UWB) transceivers and location estimation using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The performance is tested with experiments on hardware platforms from Decawave. The distance estimation of HiPR+ achieves an order of magnitude better precision and a multiple improvement in accuracy compared to the company's native solution while it only takes only a fraction the time needed for range computation. We evaluate the 3D localization capabilities with two least-squares approaches and an EKF. A median accuracy below one centimeter can be attained using the proposed ranging error compensations in combination with the EKF-based~positioning.
Online Website Fingerprinting: Evaluating Website Fingerprinting Attacks on Tor in the Real World

Website ﬁngerprinting (WF) attacks on Tor allow an adversary who can observe the trafﬁc patterns between a victim and the Tor network to predict the website visited by the victim. Existing WF attacks yield extremely high accuracy. However, the conditions under which these attacks are evaluated raises ques-tions about their effectiveness in the real world. We conduct the ﬁrst evaluation of website ﬁngerprinting using genuine Tor trafﬁc as ground truth and evaluated under a true open world . We achieve this by adapting the state-of-the-art Triplet Fingerprinting attack to an online setting and training the WF models on data safely collected on a Tor exit relay—a setup an adversary can easily deploy in practice. By studying WF under realistic conditions, we demonstrate that an adversary can achieve a WF classiﬁcation accuracy of above 95% when monitoring a small set of 5 popular websites, but that accuracy quickly degrades to less than 80% when monitoring as few as 25 websites. We conclude that, although WF attacks may be possible, it is likely infeasible to carry them out in the real world while monitoring more than a small set of websites.
Neuronal morphology enhances robustness to perturbations of channel densities

Biological neurons show significant cell-to-cell variability but have the striking ability to maintain their key firing properties in the face of unpredictable perturbations and stochastic noise. Using a population of multi-compartment models consisting of soma, neurites, and axon for the lateral pyloric (LP) neuron in the crab stomatogastric ganglion, we explored how rebound bursting is preserved when the 14 channel conductances in each model are all randomly varied. The soma-axon coupling is critical for the ability of the axon to spike during bursts and consequently determines the set of successful solutions. When the coupling deviates from a biologically realistic range, the neuronal tolerance of conductance variations is significantly lessened. Thus, the gross morphological features of these neurons enhance their robustness to perturbations of channel densities and expands the space of individual variability that can maintain a desired output pattern.
Human organoid model of PCH2a recapitulates brain region-specific pathology

Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2 a (PCH2a) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurogenetic disorder. Affected individuals present with early and severe neurological impairment. The anatomical hallmark of PCH2a is the hypoplasia of the cerebellum and pons accompanied by progressive microcephaly over the first years of life (OMIM #277470). Treatment options are limited and symptomatic. PCH2a results from a homozygous founder variant in the TSEN54 gene (OMIM *608755), which encodes a tRNA splicing endonuclease complex subunit. A recent study revealed altered tRNA pools in fibroblasts from affected individuals with PCH2a. to controls starting early in differentiation. While neocortical PCH2a organoids also show growth deficits, they are less pronounced than those in cerebellar organoids, reminiscent of the progressive microcephaly in PCH2a. In addition, we do not find evidence of increased apoptosis in PCH2a organoids compared to controls in contrast to what has been suggested in loss-of-function animal models. We have generated a human model of PCH2a, which will allow to decipher disease mechanisms in depth in order to explain how a variant in a ubiquitously expressed gene involved in tRNA metabolism causes pathology in specific brain regions. and GenomeStudio V2.0. 3 (Illumina) for evaluation. Copy number analysis was performed using CNVPartition plugin (Illumina). Early mosaicism states were evaluated by manual review of B allele frequency plots on a chromosomal level. differentiation capacity of iPSCs into cells of all three germ layers by an body (EB)-based protocol. 1.2x10 6 iPSCs were seeded in AggreWell800 plates (Stem cell technologies) in EB medium consisting of DMEM/F-12 supplemented with 20% Knockout Serum Replacement, 1% MEM Non-essential-amino-acid solution, 1% Pen/Str ep, 1% GlutaMAX and 50µM β -Mercaptoethanol. On D4, EBs were plated onto coverslips for further differentiation. Specific marker expression (TUJ (mouse anti-TUJ, 1:1,000, Sigma Aldrich, Cat. no. T8660), SMA (mouse anti-SMA, 1:100, Dako, Cat. no. M0851) was assessed after 10 days as described For endodermal induction of iPSCs, 2x10 5 cells were seeded onto coverslips and cultivated in endoderm induction medium consisting of RPMI1640 advanced supplemented with 1xB27, 1% Pen/Strep, marker cCas3 in rosette-like structures of organoids. (I, J) Quantification of cCas3 positive area over DAPI signal shows no significant difference in cCas3 expression between PCH2a and control organoids in different brain-region specific organoids and at different time points (p>0.5 in Kolmogorov-Smirnov test assuming unequal distribution).