Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of Acacia nilotica plant extract and selected commercial disinfectants against some pathogens causing mastitis

Objective: This study was conducted to screen the antibacterial activity of Acacia nilotica plant extract and four disinfectants(TH4, Tek-trol, Virkon S and peracetic acid)against pathogens causing mastitis (E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae). Design: Descriptive study Animals: Three hundred eighty-two dairy cows Procedures: Three thousands and seventy seven samples were collected from three dairy farms at Dakahlia province. Samples include animal samples (1528 of both quarter milk and teat skin swabs) and 221 environmental samples include 60 bedding, 60 Milk linear, 36 feed, 36 water, 11 bulk tank milk and 18 workers' hand swabs. All samples were examined bacteriologically for isolation and identification of mastitis causing pathogens (S. aureus, E. coli and St. agalactiae). Furtherly, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) tests were used to investigate the antimicrobial activities of selected disinfectants and Acacia nilotica extract toward isolated strains. Results: TH4 and aqueous Acacia nilotica extract were effective against S. aureus and St. agalactiae, with MIC values as low as 3.13 μg/ml of the original concentrations. Meanwhile, the antimicrobial actions of Tek-trol and Acacia nilotica extract toward E. coli isolates only reached 12.5 μg/ml. The in-vitro bactericidal effect showed that, MBC values of Acacia nilotica plant extract achieved the highest inhibitory concentration up to 25 μg/ml among the tested disinfectants. Conclusion and clinical relevance: In conclusion, Acacia nilotica plant extract have antibacterial activity comparable to commercialdisinfectants for the control of mastitogenic pathogens in dairy farms, providing a promising tool for mastitis control in dairy farms.
Effect of Vegetable Commercialization on Food Safety

--The commercialization of fresh vegetables is crucial in enhancing revenues from commercial vegetable farming and ensuring reliable supply of high-quality produce for consumers. However, this is only guaranteed under ethical application of agrochemicals beyond which can lead in a more pronounced public health as well as environmental hazards. The present paper sought to examine the influence of commercialization on food safety. Vegetable samples weighing between 1 to 2 kg were purchased from randomly selected producers in two major producing counties (Kiambu and Kirinyaga) in Kenya. All samples were freeze-dried and stored in an ice chess box, to minimize contamination. Then the samples were labeled, and transported to the laboratory for processing and testing. All approved samples were subjected to the QuEChERS preparation method for pesticides and quantified using gas chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Lab results tested positive for 13 problematic pesticides including known carcinogens and highly hazardous agrochemicals such as Malathion, chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos. The most common agrochemical was carbofuran (67%) in terms of insecticide. For the case of fungicides, the most common was mancozeb (60%) and metalaxyl (58%). Food safety issues are caused mainly by not observing preharvest intervals, excessive application of chemicals and use of illegal agrochemicals. Chemical residues in food mainly results in carcinogenic diseases (43 to 49%), stomach related problems (15 to 19%), eye related problems (10 to 15%), and skin related problems (11 to 14%) and breathing difficulties (10 to 12%). This study demonstrates that there is a problem of agrochemical use and food safety concerns and kale and tomato value chain. Keywords--Commercialization, Agrochemicals, Chemical residues, Producers, Consumers _________________________________________________________________________________________________
STOCHASTIC OPTIMIZATION APPLIED TO THE PRE-POSITIONING OF DISASTER RELIEF SUPPLIES IN BRAZIL

The increase in the number and magnitude of disasters and, consequently, in the number of victims makes the preparation for these events a necessity in modern societies. This paper proposes a methodology to define locations for pre-positioning disaster relief supplies through a two-stage stochastic optimization model. Based on transportation costs and penalties for unmet demand, a stochastic linear programming model minimizes operating costs and meets the demand to locate distribution centers for pre-positioning disaster relief supplies. Due to the uncertainty of the severity of disasters, the influence of media after disasters and ruptures in highways are represented as scenarios. A detailed analysis on how to assign penalties for unmet demand is also presented. An application in Brazil illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results show that stochastic models promote more reliable results than deterministic models, especially in situations where materials available cannot meet all demand.
Effect of implementing mental imagery strategy on nursing students performance, satisfaction and self confidence regarding neonatal endotracheal suction procedure

Mental imagery strategy is an effective educational tool to enhance skill performance especially where real practice is limited. Aim of the study: Was to determine the effect of implementing mental imagery strategy on nursing students, performance, satisfaction and self-confidence regarding neonatal endotracheal suction procedure. Quasi experimental research design was used. Subjects and Method : Eighty pediatric nursing students at the third year, Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University. Four Tools: Were used to collect data: Students knowledge regarding endotracheal suctioning, betts' questionnaire mental imagery vividness of mental imagery scale, student satisfaction and self-confidence in learning scale and airway suctioning observational checklist. Results: Revealed that the total scores of students' knowledge and practice for majority of study and control groups were unsatisfactory before teaching interventions and improved for both groups immediately and 2weeks after teaching intervention with higher scores for study than control group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that students studied with mental imagery strategy showed a significant improvement on knowledge, practice, satisfaction and self-confidence in relation to endotracheal suctioning than students studied with traditional learning method. Recommendation: Clinical nursing education programs should integrate mental imagery strategy in parallel with physical practice for the curriculum development to enhance skill performance.
The Effect of Willingness to Pay Taxes and the Level of Understanding of Taxpayers on Tax Payment Compliance

This research aimed to know: 1). The effect of willingness to pay taxes on tax payment compliance in advertisement tax in Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda) of Semarang. 2). The effect of the level of understanding of taxpayers on tax payment compliance in advertisement tax in Regional Revenue Agency (Bapenda) of Semarang. The data used in this research was primary data, in which the data source was obtained from questionnaires. The population in this research was the advertisement execution of taxpayers registered in Bapenda of Semarang City of 2017-2018. The research sample was 100 advertisement taxpayers, by using Slovin’s method as the sample collection technique. The research findings show that 1). Willingness to pay taxes (X1) has a positive effect and significance on tax payment compliance (Y) with a significance result of the score of 0.000 lesser than 0.05. Therefore, the hypothesis of willingness to pay taxes (X1) is accepted (Ho1 is rejected and Ha1 is accepted). 2). the level of understanding of taxpayers (X2) has a positive effect and significance on tax payment compliance (Y) with the significance result of 0.007 score lesser than 0.05. Therefore, the hypothesis of the level of understanding of taxpayers (X2) is accepted (Ho2 is rejected and Ha2 is accepted).
The Effect of Bovine Lactoferrin and Probiotic on Performance and Health Status of Ghezel Lambs in Preweaning Phase

High mortality rate of lamb (10 to 77%) around the world is one of the most significant traits which affects sheep farms income (Refshauge et al. 2016). Therefore, a great deal of effort should be put on the care of lambs before, during, and especially after birth, in order to reduce lamb mortality rate below 10 and 30% for single and twin, respectively. For this purpose, ruminant neonates that are hypogammaglobinemia, must be consuming colostrum as a source of immunoglobulin in the first few days of their life to obtain passive immunity (Turkson, 2003; Refshauge et al. 2016). Passive immunity commonly recognized based on IgG level, however, recent studies showed that there are some neonate animals with low levels of IgG and high resistancy to diseases (Gokce et al. 2014). Moreover, Gokce et al. (2014) demonstrated that other significant components of passive immunity such as growth factors, cytokines, acute phase proteins, lactoferrin and some undefined factors could be effective on immune system. Nevertheless the bioactive proteins concentrations in colostrum and milk, Due to concern about antibacterial substances in animal nutrition; bioactive components such as lactoferrin and probiotic with health effects, can be used in some species that are more sensitive to pathogens. Thirty six suckling male Ghezel lambs in a completely randomized design employing a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement were used to study the effects of bovine lactoferrin (BLF) and probiotic on performance, blood and immune system parameters in the pre-weaning phase. Experimental treatments were as follow: 1) control (without BLF and probiotic), 2) 1 g/d probiotic, 3) 0.25 g/d BLF, 4) 0.25 g/d BLF and 1 g/d probiotic, 5) 0.5 g/d BLF, 6) 0.5 g/d BLF and 1 g/d probiotic. Final body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency (FE) were significantly affected by the treatments (P<0.05). Diet supplementation with BLF plus probiotic improved performance parameters more than diets without probiotics; however there is no difference between BLF levels. No significant differences was found among health status indices except medicated days (P<0.05). Moreover, no differences were observed in erythrocyte, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Conversly hemoglobin, white blood cells (WBC), segmented neutrophil and lymphocyte percentag were significantly affected by the treatments (P<0.05). Additionally experimental treatments significantly changed plasma concentrations of Fe, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glucose (P<0.05). According to results of present experiment, it seems that BLF plus probiotic can have synergisc effect on performance and heath status of Ghezel lamb breed in preweaning phase.
Trust and Credit Availability: A Comparative Study in Islamic and Conventional Bank in Indonesia

The focus of this study is to compare the role of Islamic vs conventional banker’s trust in their borrowers, i.e., micro and small business, on credit availability. We conducted survey to 55 banks in Indonesia, a country which has been implementing a dual banking system and obtained 1627 observations. The result suggests that both Islamic and conventional banker’s trust in their borrowers are positively associated with credit availability. Perhaps, the more interesting finding is the economic impact of Islamic banker’s trust on credit availability is greater than that counterparts. This result implies that Islamic banks rely more on trust when lending to opaque borrowers compared to its counterparts. Our results are robust to alternative specifications and to endogeneity.
Rethinking science communication: reflections on what happens when science meets comic art

In this essay, we explore what happens when science meets comic art and how such meeting offers an opportunity to rethink science communication. We base our discussion on our own experience, as research scholars, of engaging in a collaboration with a comic artist. Three key reflections are developed: how comic art may help to (1) conceptualize ideas in an early research phase, (2) clarify the main argument by making the (un)written word visible; and (3) communicate science with an open end. These aspects contribute to an increased understanding of science communication in both research and society.
Operational and experimental snow observation systems in the upper Rofental: data from 2017–2020

Abstract. According to the living data process in ESSD, this publication presents extensions of a comprehensive hydrometeorological and glaciological data set for several research sites in the Rofental (1891–3772 m a.s.l., Ötztal Alps, Austria). Whereas the original dataset has been published in a first original version in 2018 (https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-151-2018), the new time series presented here originate from meteorological and snow-hydrological recordings that have been collected from 2017 to 2020. Some data sets represent continuations of time series at existing locations, others come from new installations complementing the scientific monitoring infrastructure in the research catchment. Main extensions are a fully equipped automatic weather and snow monitoring station, as well as extensive additional installations to enable continuous observation of snow cover properties. Installed at three high Alpine locations in the catchment, these include automatic measurements of snow depth, snow water equivalent, volumetric solid and liquid water content, snow density, layered snow temperature profiles, and snow surface temperature. One station is extended by a particular arrangement of two snow depth and water equivalent recording devices to observe and quantify wind-driven snow redistribution. They are installed at nearby wind-exposed and sheltered locations and are complemented by an acoustic-based snow drift sensor. The data sets represent a unique time series of high-altitude mountain snow and meteorology observations. We present three years of data for temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and radiation fluxes from three meteorological stations. The continuous snow measurements are explored by combined analyses of meteorological and snow data to show typical seasonal snow cover characteristics. The potential of the snow drift observations are demonstrated with examples of measured wind speeds, snow drift rates and redistributed snow amounts in December 2019 when a tragic avalanche accident occurred in the vicinity of the station. All new data sets are provided to the scientific community according to the Creative Commons Attribution License by means of the PANGAEA repository (https://www.pangaea.de/? q=%40ref104365).
Quality of life of CKD patients with routine hemodialysis in Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan

Objective: To elicit quality of life of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with routine hemodialysis receiving erythropoietin from clinical and humanistic outcome, to analysis characteristic factors to Hb, fatique and the quality of life (QOL) of CKD patients with routine hemodialysis, and to explore the change in QOL over one month for patients managed in the hospitals. Methods: A prospective study was conducted among adult CKD patients in Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan. QOL was measured using kidney disease quality of life – short form (KDQOL–SFTM) questionnaire and FACIT fatigue scale questionnaire. CKD patients. Patients were asked to complete the KDQOL–SFTM questionnaire and FACIT fatigue scale questionnaire two times in one month range. Results: Average rate of haemoglobin was increased after one month anemia treatment using erythropoietin 8.68: 8.82. Average rate of FACIT was increased after one month anemia treatment using erythropoietin 43.98: 44.81. Average rate of KDQOL was increased after one month anemia treatment using erythropoietin 76.83: 77.94. Conclusion: Erythropoietin can improve QOL of CKD patients with routine hemodialysis.
Low Socioeconomic School Composition as an Indicator of Low Educational Attainment: Evidence from Slovakia

This study is first of its kind in Slovakia using large-scale nation-wide government agency data documenting students’ destinations after leaving elementary schools with high representation of socially disadvantaged children. Secondary aggregate data obtained from elementary schools and the Ministry of Education covering approximately a quarter of all Slovak socially disadvantaged children in Years 1–9 were compiled into a new dataset. A cross-sectional analysis revealed that, compared to the country average, students leaving elementary schools with high ratios of socially disadvantaged children are more likely to stop attending schools and less likely to continue at academic strand schools. Overall, I found very high inter-school variations in students’ destinations implying that some schools are more successful than others in alleviating the negative effects of low socioeconomic school composition on educational attainment. Small number of low socioeconomic composition schools showed similar or better record of students’ destinations than the Slovak average.
ExLing 2020

This paper gives an overview of a model that predicts articulation ease for German phonological words on the basis of error data from patients with apraxia of speech (AOS). AOS is introduced as a clinical model of higher order motor processes for articulation. Word production accuracy in AOS is considered as a window into the structure of articulation plans as acquired through speech motor learning in childhood. The NLG model of apraxia of speech is explained. Applications in speech development and adult speech are outlined.
Do just deserts and competition shape patterns of cheating?

Previous research has shown that people accept inequalities resulting from differences in performance but aim at reducing those resulting from differences in luck, corresponding to the fairness principle of just deserts. But will just deserts also intrinsically prevent people from cheating for their personal gain in a situation in which cheating can be disguised? And will competitive pressure crowd-out such an intrinsic motivation? I investigate these questions in a lab experiment based on Grundmann and Lambsdorff (2017). Subjects earn income and report a tax rate, which they determine by rolling a die under a cup, creating an incentive to cheat. Treatments vary whether the size of income is based on performance or luck and whether there is competition for a high income. In the luck treatments, just deserts would imply that subjects aim at reducing inequalities, such that cheating should decrease with income. If income is based on performance, the opposite should be true. The results show that cheating increases with income in the performance and the luck treatments, such that lucky subjects as well as high performers do not aim at reducing inequality. Just deserts thus do not intrinsically prevent subjects from cheating for their personal gain. Competition has no systematic effect on cheating. JEL Classification: H26, C91
Association between Oral Health and Body Mass Index among Schoolchildren

Ab s t r Ac t Aim and objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of oral health by body mass index (BMI) among schoolchildren of Kosovo. Materials and methods: A comparative-descriptive study was conducted using a sample of 270 children of age group 12–14 years, of both genders, who were selected from various schools along with Kosovo. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on children’s demographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices, and dietary habits. Their parental education levels, family incomes, and leisure time activities were also obtained by questionnaire at recruitment. Clinical outcomes were assessed according to the Decayed/Missing/Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and the oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S). Adjusted for age, gender, height, and weight, BMI-age percentiles were calculated using the BMI Percentile Calculator for Child and Teen, and children were classified as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese considering age and sex. In the statistical analysis, differences between categorical variables were tested with the Chi-square test (χ 2) and contingency tables. Results: Caries was present in 47.4% of children. A maximum number of caries affected children belonged to the healthy weight and obesity group, followed by overweight, and the least number was underweight (p < 0.003). We found a significant difference between DMFT (p < 0.02) and OHI-S values (p < 0.002) and BMI-age percentiles subgroups. Conclusion: The results show a difference in outcomes between DMFT and OHI-S values among BMI-age percentiles subgroups in schoolchildren. Children aged 12 years, from the obese category, had more cases with higher DMFT (significant difference p < 0.003), and also more cases with the high OHI-S value were detected among children from the obesity subgroup (p < 0.002). Clinical significance: Obesity, oral health, and dental caries have common risk determinants and require a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to children by both medical and dental healthcare professionals.
Institutional evaluation: Application of the Item Response Theory for Student Assessment in Accounting

Institutional evaluation is a national requirement which all higher education institutions are subjected aiming mainly at promoting improvement in the quality of education, increase academic effectiveness and deepen commitments and responsibilities of the institutions. This review occurs in both directions, internally and externally. Internally, the students act as important players in the measurement of qualitative and quantitative aspects of education. At this point, this study sought measure the degree of satisfaction of Accounting students of an Institution of Higher Education, empirically evaluating the applicability of the methodology developed by Bortolotti, Moreira Junior, Bornia, Sousa Junior, & Andrade (2012) measurement of graduate satisfaction in Accounting. To do this, with a sample of 64 students of a private institution and using the Gradual Response Model Samejima, the Item Response Theory, empirical evidence was obtained which demonstrate the adequacy of the instrument developed by Bortolotti et al. (2012) to measure the satisfaction of students in Accounting.
Who Thinks How? Social Patterns in Reliance on Automatic and Deliberate Cognition

Sociologists increasingly use insights from dual-process models to explain how people think and act. These discussions generally emphasize the influence of cultural knowledge mobilized through automatic cognition, or else show how the use of automatic and deliberate processes vary according to the task at hand or the context. Drawing on insights from sociological theory and suggestive research from social and cognitive psychology, we argue that socially structured experiences also shape general, individual-level preferences (or propensities) for automatic and deliberate thinking. Using a meta-analysis of 63 psychological studies (N=25,074) and a new multivariate analysis of nationally representative data, we test the hypothesis that the use automatic and deliberate cognitive processes is socially patterned. We find that education consistently predicts preferences for deliberate processing and that gender predicts preferences for both automatic and deliberate processing. We find that age is a significant but likely non-linear predictor of preferences for automatic and deliberate cognition, and weaker evidence for differences by income, marital status, and religion. These results underscore the need to consider group differences in cognitive processing in sociological explanations of culture, action, and inequality.