Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on Emotional Perception of Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area in Spring under the Influence of Meteorological Environment

Human perception of the meteorological environment is an important research area in the context of global climate change. Human physical and mental health can be affected by the meteorological environment, which can manifest in emotional responses. The experiment was conducted at spring in Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area (China). Three types of weather circumstances were examined by four emotional measures. The purpose of this study was to examine how meteorological parameters influence an individual’s emotional perception, such as air temperature, ground temperature, wind direction, precipitation, and relative humidity. Box plots were used to examine the distribution of scores on each emotional scale index. Perceptual models of positive, negative, regenerative, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and subjective vitality were developed using multiple linear regressions. The results indicate that meteorological conditions have a significant impact on human emotions: (1) there are other meteorological factors that affect individual emotions, besides precipitation; (2) the meteorological factors do not affect negative emotions; and (3) on sunny days, subjective energy and positive emotions are stronger, and on rainy days, perceptions of recovery are more favorable.
Multifrequency observations of blazars. III - The spectral shape of the radio to X-ray continuum

Multifrequency, quasi-simultaneous spectra for a sample of 11 blazars are presented. The spectral shape of the violently variable millimeter to ultraviolet flux is consistent with emission from a very compact single component which becomes self-absorbed at wavelengths longer than about 3 mm. The centimeter emission can be attributed to a separate, more slowly varying component. Three out of four optically violent variable quasars also exhibit evidence of a UV excess component. Values for the size of the flaring regions of 0.001-0.1 pc and magnetic fields of order 1 G are deduced. It is found that photon energy densities may dominate over magnetic field energy densities, in which case inverse Compton scattering may be the dominant energy loss mechanism in flaring components.
Force reconstruction for low velocity impacts using force and acceleration measurements

Contact and impact dynamics modeling of rigid bodies continues to be an intensive research area, as new applications of contact dynamics simulation develop in engineering practice. Yet, relatively few studies are dedicated to the experimental investigation of rigid-body impacts and associated issues. In this manuscript we report our findings for a sphere to flat impact experiments conducted for a range of low impact velocities, such as those that may be encountered in multibody systems. A unique feature of our investigation is that the impact forces between the impacting objects are reconstructed from force and acceleration measurements, the latter obtained from an accelerometer mounted on the impacted surface body. It is noted that when the impacted body is free to move during impact, it may experience high accelerations which must be taken into account. The reconstructed impact force responses are compared to those predicted with the dynamics model of the experimental scenario, which in turn is based on a nonlinear compliant model of the impact force. The experiments, in addition to generating novel impact measurements, provide a number of insights into both the study of impacts and the impact response.
Alternative Input-Output Matrix Updating Formulations

There has been a recent resurgence of interest in biproportional adjustment methods for updating and interpreting change in matrix representations of regional structures, most commonly input-output accounts. Although the biproportional method, commonly called the RAS technique in the input-output literature, has been shown to have a number of theoretically appealing properties, various alternatives do exist. In this paper, we develop and empirically assess a number of alternatives, comparing performance and examining the attributes of these adjustment methods. Two of these are sign-preserving updating methods for use when tables contain both positive and negative entries. One of these is shown to generate less information gain than does a generalized RAS method that Junius & Oosterhaven (2003) formulated to deal with matrices with both positive and negative values. Overall, while the RAS method continues to be commonly used and its choice is often rational, alternative methods can perform as well or better along certain dimensions and in certain contexts.
Adaptive OFDM system for multi-user communications over the indoor wireless optical channel

In this paper, an adaptive Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is proposed for multiuser communications over indoor wireless optical channels. The designed system uses multi-user least-squares (LS) detection techniques applied to SDMA-OFDM schemes, in conjunction with angle diversity reception. The system, which does not present an excessive complexity, supports high bit rates for multiple users, beyond one hundred megabits per second. It also mitigates the channel fluctuations induced when either the space distribution or the number of emitters and receivers varies. The performance of the new proposed scheme is compared with an adaptive single-user system described in previous works. The obtained results show a significant improvement with respect to previous adaptive single-user one, since the new scheme allows adaptively managing the system throughput on a multi-user environment.
Glucose Metabolism and Metabolomic Changes in Response to Prolonged Fasting in Individuals with Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Non-Obese People—A Cohort Trial

Metabolic regulation of glucose can be altered by fasting periods. We examined glucose metabolism and metabolomics profiles after 12 h and 36 h fasting in non-obese and obese participants and people with type 2 diabetes using oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) and intravenous glucose tolerance testing (IVGTT). Insulin sensitivity was estimated by established indices and mass spectrometric metabolomics was performed on fasting serum samples. Participants had a mean age of 43 ± 16 years (62% women). Fasting levels of glucose, insulin and C-peptide were significantly lower in all cohorts after 36 h compared to 12 h fasting (p < 0.05). In non-obese participants, glucose levels were significantly higher after 36 h compared to 12 h fasting at 120 min of OGTT (109 ± 31 mg/dL vs. 79 ± 18 mg/dL; p = 0.001) but insulin levels were lower after 36 h of fasting at 30 min of OGTT (41.2 ± 34.1 mU/L after 36 h vs. 56.1 ± 29.7 mU/L; p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in obese participants or people with diabetes. Insulin sensitivity improved in all cohorts after 36 h fasting. In line, metabolomics revealed subtle baseline differences and an attenuated metabolic response to fasting in obese participants and people with diabetes. Our data demonstrate an improved insulin sensitivity after 36 h of fasting with higher glucose variations and reduced early insulin response in non-obese people only.
High chemical abundances in Virgo spiral galaxies

Evidence is presented that spiral galaxies in the Virgo Cluster have systematically higher interstellar abundances than comparable field galaxies. This conclusion is based on spectra of H II regions in five Virgo spirals of type Sc. A possible explanation is that abundances in the field spirals are strongly affected by infall of metal-poor gas or by radial inflow of gas from the outer H I disk. These processes are inhibited in the cluster environment, and the Virgo spirals may have evolved more nearly in the manner of the closed box 'simple model of chemical evolution. 59 refs.
Flexible Functional Forms and Global Curvature Conditions

Empirically estimated flexible functional forms frequently fail to satisfy the appropriate theoretical curvature conditions. Lau and Gallant and Golub have worked out methods for imposing the appropriate curvature conditions locally, but those local techniques frequently fail to yield satisfactory results. We develop two methods for imposing curvature conditions globally in the context of cost function estimation. The first method adopts Lau's technique to a generalization of a functional form first proposed by McFadden. Using this Generalized McFadden functional form, it turns out that imposing the appropriate curvature conditions at one data point imposes the conditions globally. The second method adopts a technique used by McFadden and Barnett, which is based on the fact that a non-negative sum of concave functions will be concave. Our various suggested techniques are illustrated using the U.S. Manufacturing data utilized by Berndt and Khaled
Planar velocity measurements in compressible mixing layers

In the present study, we use particle image velocimetry (PIV) to obtain planar, two-component velocity fields in two-dimensional, turbulent mixing layers at convective Mach numbers M c of 0.25, 0.63, and 0.76. The experiments are performed in a large-scale blowdown wind tunnel, with high-speed free-stream Mach numbers up to 2.25 and shear-layer Reynolds numbers up to 10 6 . Specific issues relating to the application of PIV to supersonic flows are addressed. The instantaneous data are analysed to produce maps of derived quantities such as vorticity, and ensemble averaged to provide turbulence statistics. The results show that compressibility introduces marked changes in the disposition of instantaneous velocity gradients within the layer, and hence in the vorticity field. In particular, peak transverse vorticity values are seen to be confined to thin streamwise sheets under compressible conditions, with little transverse communication. The location of these sheets near the lab-frame sonic velocity suggests a sensitivity of the compressible layer to stationary disturbances. Turbulence statistics derived from the planar velocity measurements confirm previous observations of strong suppression of transverse velocity fluctuations and primary Reynolds stress as M c increases between 0.25 and 0.76.
The SpaceTime Structure of Extreme Storm Rainfall in the Southern Plains

Abstract The spacetime structure of extreme storm rainfall in the southern plains is examined through empirical analyses of radar and rain gauge data. Two networks of rain gauge data are utilized: a collection of more than 200 rain gauges in the southern plains from the National Weather Service (NWS) climatological network and a network of 168 rain gauges from the Southern Great Plains Research Watershed covering an area of approximately 3000 km2. The NWS climate network is useful for analysis of extreme rainstorms that cover relatively large areas, whereas the experimental network is useful for analysis of heavy isolated rainstorms that have been described as affecting areas less than 1000 km2 and having 14-h rainfall totals exceeding 75 mm. Analyses of rain gauge data from the two networks are used to characterize seasonality and spatial scale of extreme rainstorms. It is shown that there are pronounced spring and fall peaks in extreme rainstorm occurrence and that these peaks depend on the spatial sc.
Nonconservative sandpile models

We study the effect of nonconservation in two sandpilelike models by means of mean-field considerations, numerical simulations (in two dimensions), and by a renormalization-group (RG) analysis. We find, in agreement with previous studies, that criticality is lost in the randomly driven nonconservative models. Our main objective is to understand this result in terms of the branching ratio of the avalanche dynamics and from the view point of a RG analysis. The distribution of avalanches is found numerically to follow a stretched exponential with a cutoff that diverges as the conservative case is approached. The behavior of the cutoff is reproduced by the RG analysis. We conclude that uniform drive is a necessary---but not sufficient---condition for critical behavior in the nonconservative regime.
Impact of Implementing Key Performance Indicators on Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) Rates Among Adult ICU Patients in Saudi Arabia

Background The prevalence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) in hospitals characterizes one of the most significant problems in healthcare. This study aims to assess whether the implementation of impact of key performance indicators (KPIs) checklist reduces the number of CAUTI in adults present in intensive care unit (ICU) with indwelling catheters. Methods This is a retrospective analytical study conducted in a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from June 2020 to June 2021. One hundred and thirty-four patients with CAUTIs met the criteria and were included in the study. Socio-demographic data was collected to enable informed analysis based on personal information (age, gender, marital status, monthly income, level of education, and department) and medical history (duration of catheterization, types of organisms, history of chronic illness, and duration of hospitalization). The research also used a prevention of CAUTI checklist containing 26 items. The outcome measures were 1) the rate of CAUTIs measured pre- and post-implementing performance measurement indicators (KPI) of CAUTIs prevention practice and 2) the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in three areas: general information recording, insertion practices, and maintenance practices. Results The study found that there was compliance with the prevention of CAUTIs in terms of recording the general patient’s information (72%), insertion practices (52%), and maintenance practices (50%). However, most safety practices, including poor hygiene and safety standards, patient handling, and audited protocol programs, were not strictly followed, resulting in increased risk factors for CAUTIs. Conclusion Compliance with the prevention of CAUTIs in terms of recording the general patient’s information, insertion practices, and maintenance practices lies within the range of 50–75%, and the recommended practices are usually followed. A targeted education on CAUTI-prevention practices curtailing the most aggravating risk factors and adopting a safety culture driven by a patient handling and audited protocol program should be explored to reduce hospital CAUTIs.
Dynamical Effects of Aerosol Perturbations on Simulated Idealized Squall Lines

AbstractThe dynamical effects of increased aerosol loading on the strength and structure of numerically simulated squall lines are explored. Results are explained in the context of Rotunno–Klemp–Weisman (RKW) theory. Changes in aerosol loading lead to changes in raindrop size and number that ultimately affect the strength of the cold pool via changes in evaporation. Thus, the balance between cold pool and low-level wind shear–induced vorticities can be changed by an aerosol perturbation. Simulations covering a wide range of low-level wind shears are performed to study the sensitivity to aerosols in different environments and provide more general conclusions. Simulations with relatively weak low-level environmental wind shear (0.0024 s−1) have a relatively strong cold pool circulation compared to the environmental shear. An increase in aerosol loading leads to a weakening of the cold pool and, hence, a more optimal balance between the cold pool– and environmental shear–induced circulations according to RKW.
Dislocation mediated surface morphology of GaN

The surfaces of GaN films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Due to the high dislocation densities in the films (108 cm−2), the typical surface morphologies of layers grown by both techniques were dominated by three dislocation mediated surface structures—pinned steps, spiral hillocks, and surface depressions. The characteristics of these surface structures were found to depend on growth technique (MOCVD vs MBE) and the group-III to group-V ratio used in the growth of MBE GaN films. Pinned steps, created by the intersections of mixed character dislocations with the free surface, were found on all GaN films. The pinned steps were observed to be predominantly straight on the MOCVD GaN and curved into spiral hillock formations on the MBE GaN. Spiral growth hillocks form when pinned steps grow outward and around the dislocation under step-flow growth conditions. The tightness of the spiral hillocks on MBE G.
Quantum field theory in de Sitter space: renormalization by point-splitting

We examine the modes of a scalar field in de Sitter space and construct quantum two-point functions. These are then used to compute a finite stress tensor by the technique of covariant point-splitting. We propose a renormalization ansatz based on the DeWitt-Schwinger expansion, and show that this removes all am biguities previously present in pointsplitting regularization. The results agree in detail with previous work by dimensional regularization, and give rise to an anomalous trace with the conventional coefficient. We describe how’ our treatment may be extended to more general situations.
Effects of burnout, compensation, supportive college environment, training and development on academic staff performance in Jigawa State College of Education Gumel, Nigeria

Colleges of Education and other tertiary institutions like universities assume the role of training and producing teachers to teach in junior secondary schools and primary schools in Nigeria. The success or failure of any college of education depends very much on the ability of the institution to train and develop its staff into a productive, competent and skilled work force which is capable of, and willing to work towards the realization of these objectives. Past studies have revealed that employee performance may be affected by factors such as training, burnout, organizational justice, compensation and environmental support. Therefore, the current study examined the Influence of Job Related Factors on the Performance of Academic Staff in Jigawa State College of Education, Gumel. A total of 159 academic staff participated in the research. A survey research design was used, and data were collected by using instruments adapted from past studies. The study employed partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using SPSS software. The results of the structural model showed that burnout, organizational justice, supportive college environment have significant negative effect on academic staff performance and Compensation and training and development have significant positive effect on academic staff performance in JSCOE Gumel. The study therefore recommended social intervention, training and development programs and fairness and justice should be exercised in organizational dealings.
Macroturbulent and rotational broadening in the spectra of B-type supergiants

The absorption-line spectra of early B-type supergiants show significant broadening that implies that an additional broadening mechanism (characterized here as 'macroturbulence') is present in addition to rotational broadening. Using high-resolution spectra with signal-to-noise ratios of typically 500, we have attempted to quantify the relative contributions of rotation and macroturbulence, but even with data of this quality significant problems were encountered. However, for all our targets, a model where macroturbulence dominates and rotation is negligible is acceptable; the reverse scenario leads to poor agreement between theory and observation. Additionally, there is marginal evidence for the degree of broadening increasing with line strength, possibly a result of the stronger lines being formed higher in the atmosphere. Acceptable values of the projected rotational velocity are normally less than or equal to 50 km s - 1 , which may also be a typical upper limit for the rotational velocity. Our best estimates for the projected rotational velocity are typically 10-20 km s - 1 and hence compatible with this limit. These values are compared with those predicted by single star evolutionary models, which are initially rapidly rotating. It is concluded that either these models underestimate the rate of rotational breaking or some of the targets may be evolving through a blue loop or are binaries.
The stability of unbounded two- and three-dimensional flows subject to body forces: some exact solutions

A formulation, previously employed to find exact Navier-Stokes solutions for planar disturbances in two- and three-dimensional flows with spatially uniform rates of strain, is here adapted to incorporate the contribution of various types of body force. In the absence of body forces, it is known that unbounded flows with constant vorticity and elliptical streamlines are unstable to certain planar disturbances, which are amplified by a Floquet mechanism. The influence of a Coriolis force upon this instability mechanism is here described in detail, as an illustration of the general formulation. The results are likely to be of geophysical interest and may also have relevance to the breakdown of closed-eddy structures in turbulence. The final section of the paper reviews other systems for which analogous exact solutions may be obtained.
Experimental observation of cumulative second-harmonic generation of Lamb-wave propagation in an elastic plate

The experimental observation of cumulative second-harmonic generation of the primary (fundamental) Lamb-wave propagation is reported in this paper. Using the dispersion relations for Lamb waves and the modal expansion analysis approach for waveguide excitation, a straightforward model has been presented for analysing the physical process of generation of the time-domain pulses of the second harmonics by the fundamental time-domain pulses of the primary Lamb-wave propagation. The physical meaning of the integrated amplitudes, both of the fundamental waves and the second harmonics, is clearly illustrated. Wedge transducers are used to generate and detect the fundamental waves and the second harmonics of the Lamb-wave propagation on the surface of an elastic plate. The clear second-harmonic signals can be observed near the frequency at which Lamb waves have a strong nonlinearity. The amplitudes of the fundamental waves and the second harmonics of the Lamb-wave propagation on the plate surface are measured for different separations between the transmitting and receiving wedge transducers. In the immediate vicinity of a driving frequency at which the fundamental and the double-frequency Lamb waves have the same phase velocities, the quantitative relationships between the second-harmonic amplitudes and propagation distance are analysed. It is observed that the second harmonics of primary Lamb waves grow with propagation distance.
MORE ON SUPERSYMMETRIES OF THE SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION

The supersymmetric Schrodinger equation is studied in connection with even and odd supersymmetries of arbitrary nth order. The invariance condition falls into four specific problems, each of them being finally characterized by a simplified system of equations which can be integrated for specific superpotentials. The more usual superinteractions are discussed and some recent results are extended up to the fourth order.