Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three Validation Tests of the Shor–McCarty State Legislator Ideology Data

The Shor–McCarty state ideology data provide a valuable resource for students of state legislative politics, but, as with any important new measures, the properties of those data warrant independent examination. Toward that end, we report results from three validation tests, two tests of convergent validity and one test of construct validity, with all tests focused on Shor and McCarty’s legislator, or individual-level, data. Collectively, results of the validation exercises offer strong evidence the Shor–McCarty measures provide valid representations of state legislator ideology.
Effects of nitrogen fertilization on grain protein content, nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, in relation to estimated moisture supply

The effects of nitrogen fertilization on protein content, N uptake and N use efficiency of grain for six spring wheat cultivars were evaluated over a N application range of 0–200 kg ha−1, under two moisture supply levels, on Black Chernozemic soils in Manitoba. Moisture supply influenced protein content, protein yield, and grain N use efficiency (NUE) of applied fertilizer. Increased moisture supply lowered protein content and increased protein yield and NUE. Increasing N level increased protein, N uptake and decreased NUE, but effects depended on moisture supply. Cultivar differences occurred, especially at the higher moisture level.Key words: Protein, Triticum aestivum L. , nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency, moisture
Shadow Economy and Populism – Risk and Uncertainty Factors for Establishing Low-Carbon Economy of Balkan Countries (Case Study for Bulgaria)

The main purpose of the current publication is to formulate a scenario model for the analysis of the opportunities for low-carbon economy establishment in the countries with transition economies. The model studies risk factors such as shadow economy level and populism based on the implementation and development of Balkan countries’ economic policy and at the same time shows future climate changes tendencies and uncertainties of climate models. A transdisciplinary approach is implemented in the study. Climate change perception and understanding about the low-carbon economy are examined through the public opinion and analysis of mass-media publications. The results of the research are important in order to clarify the multicultural divergences as a factor for risk and uncertainty in the implementation process of the policy for climate change. In this way, geographical aspects of risk and uncertainty, which are not only related to the economic development of the relevant countries, could be brought out.
A New 2-Tuple Linguistic Approach for Unbalanced Linguistic Term Sets

Several real-world problems employ linguistic-based approaches to handle qualitative data. The set of linguistic terms that is utilized in the problems are mostly alleged to be symmetrically distributed. However, with the advent of time, as the complexity of the problem increases, the equidistant linguistic term set seems improper. Consequently, in such cases, experts often prefer to use the set of the unbalanced linguistic term to direct the appraisal for the problems. In this article, we tend to propose a method that is newly designed to deal with a set of unbalanced linguistic terms. In this direction, we initially propose an algorithm to represent unbalanced linguistic information via a multiplicative linguistic label set that has a global inconsistent linguistic term distribution. Furthermore, in light of the Herrera and Martínez, “2-tuple linguistic model,” we develop a novel 2-tuple approach for the unbalanced linguistic set, which is based on the notion of minimum distance measure. Finally, to validate the proposed model in the physical realm and to demonstrate the functioning of the method, a numerical example is being elucidated. The proposed methodology seeks to indicate a reduction in the computation time and also enhances the decision-makers’ evaluations.
Cefiderocol for Extensively Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections: Real-world Experience From a Case Series and Review of the Literature

Abstract Cefiderocol is a new siderophore cephalosporin with activity against carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Data on its clinical efficacy are limited to complicated urinary tract infections. We present a series of 3 patients successfully treated with cefiderocol for complicated health care–associated infections and review published case reports.
The effect of hull removal and pearling on Fusarium species and trichothecenes in hulless barley

Fourteen samples consisting of three cultivars of hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), grown commercially in southern Manitoba in 1994, were examined for levels of Fusarium species and seven fusarium trichothecene mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol (DON), diacetoxyscirpenol, 15-acetyldeoxyni-valenol (15ADON), fusarenone-X, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol and T-2 toxin. Four fractions from each sample were analysed. These consisted of kernels with the hulls still attached, kernels whose hulls had been removed at harvest, kernels that had been dehulled in the laboratory using a deawner, and kernels that had been pearled in the laboratory to 60% of their original weight. A composite sample of the hulls, obtained from the laboratory dehulling, was also tested. Mycotoxins were determined by gas chromatog-raphy-mass spectrometry. DON and 15ADON were the only trichothecenes detected in this study. The greatest numbers of propagules of Fusarium spp. and the highest concentrations of DON and 15ADON were found in the hulls. The av.
Effets de doses croissantes des composts de fumiers de poules sur le rendement de chou de Chine ( Brassica chinensis L.) installé sur un sol acide de Lubumbashi

Objective : A study was conducted on a ferralsol to assess the agronomic efficiency of manure from chickens and mineral fertilizers (NPK and urea) on the yield of Chinese cabbage. Methodology and Results : The experimental design was a completely randomized with six repetitions and six treatments: T0 (unfertilized control), T1 (175 kg NPK +87 kg urea per hectare), T2 (350 kg NPK+47.5 kg Urea per hectare), T3 (15 t.ha -1 manure of chicken compost), T4 (30 t.ha -1 manure of chicken compost), T5 (60 t.ha -1 manure of chicken compost). Manure of chicken, NPK and urea were incorporated into the soil, respectively, a week before the day of transplantation and 3 weeks after transplantation. Highly significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between treatments in terms of growth and yield of Chinese cabbage corn with yields ranging from 1.4 to 5.1 t.ha -1 , the treatments T2 and T5 which gave similar yields and the highest and lowest T0 treatment. Conclusion and application : With reference to yields and agronomic efficiency, doses of manure at 15 t.ha -1 agree to address any use of mineral inputs. However, due to the low availability of manure nutrients, a mineral fertilizer supplement is recommended. The study showed that chicken manure under the conditions of this trial was a great potential for improving the availability of nutrients in soil and was able to provide the amount of nutrients needed to growing Chinese cabbage without the addition of mineral fertilizers. Keywords : Compost manure from chickens; mineral fertilizers; Chinese cabbage; acidic soil, agronomic efficiency; Lubumbashi
A comparison of classification algorithms for hate speech detection

Freedom of opinion through social media is frequently affect a negative impact that spreads hatred. This study aims to automatically detect Indonesian tweets that contain hate speech on Twitter social media. The data used amounted to 4,002 tweets related to politics, religion, ethnicity and race in Indonesia. The application model uses classification methods with machine learning algorithms such as Naïve Bayes, Multi Level Perceptron, AdaBoost Classifier, Decision Tree and Support Vector Machine. The study also compared the performance of the model using SMOTE to overcome imbalanced data. The results show that the Multinomial Naive Bayes algorithm produces the best model with the highest recall value of 93.2% which has an accuracy value of 71.2% for the classification of hate speech. Therefore, the Multinomial Naïve Bayes algorithm without SMOTE is recommended as the model to detect hate speech on social media.
Sharper existence and uniqueness Results for solutions to Third-order boundary Value Problems

The purpose of this note is to sharpen Smirnov’s recent work on existence and uniqueness of solutions to third-order ordinary differential equations that are subjected to two- and three-point boundary conditions. The advancement is achieved in the following ways. Firstly, we provide sharp and sharpened estimates for integrals regarding various Green’s functions. Secondly, we apply these sharper estimates to problems in conjunction with Banach’s fixed point theorem. Thirdly, we apply Rus’s contraction mapping theorem in a metric space, where two metrics are employed. Our new results improve those of Smirnov by showing that a larger class of boundary value problems admit a unique solution.
Relations among fishers, snow, and martens: development and evaluation of two hypotheses

Literature about the fisher (Martes pennanti) contains the following contradictions: (1) the species is an old-growth specialist versus a forest generalist, and (2) it lives with marten (M. americana) with minimal interaction versus densities of the two species are inversely related. These contradictions beg the questions of what is fisher habitat and does habitat affect the interactions of the two Martes. These questions were examined by analyzing the distributions of fishers (n = 15,549) and martens (n = 40,516) harvested in Maine, 1980–1987. This period was chosen because it had relatively stable pelt prices that were believed to result in harvests reflecting population occurrences. The spatial distribution of mean harvests of fisher and marten were compared to each other, and to snowfall distribution and frequency throughout Maine, 1980–1987. Martens were common only in northwestern Maine and were associated with frequent (monthly ) and deep (total monthly ) snowfalls, December–March. Fishers were rar.
‘The parents are locked out’: policies, practices, and perspectives undermining family engagement

ABSTRACT Family involvement has become increasingly recognized as essential to academic success. However, the racial and cultural gap between the teaching force and students in American schools is large and expanding, leading to increased challenges associated with relationship-building between families and schools. This is a study of teachers in a school district in the State of Florida that has high rates of poverty, large numbers of new and undocumented immigrants, and many families who speak languages other than English at home. Using a Bourdieusian theoretical framework, this study investigates teachers’ recognition of their own habitus and that of families and of the doxa within the field of the school. This study asks the teachers, by their own accounts, what prevents them from greater success in developing and sustaining culturally sustaining family-school partnerships.
Demography and feeding behavior of the kelp crab Taliepus marginatus in subtidal habitats dominated by the kelps Macrocystis pyrifera or Lessonia trabeculata

We studied the population and feeding ecology of the kelp crab Taliepus marginatus in subtidal kelp forests dominated by either of two morphologically different kelp species (Macrocystis pyrifera or Lessonia trabeculata) in northern Chile. The sizes and abundances of T. marginatus differed between the two kelp habitats. Kelp crabs were more abundant in the M. pyrifera forest than in the L. trabeculata forest. Size-frequency distributions showed that juvenile and immature crabs were more common in the M. pyrifera forest than in the L. trabeculata forest, where reproductive adults predominated. The smaller crabs in the M. pyrifera habitat also consumed a higher proportion of kelp tissues than the larger crabs in the L. trabeculata habitat, which had a higher proportion of animal food in their diet. In both kelp forests, individuals of T. marginatus showed a similar pattern of nocturnal feeding over a 24-h period, consuming more food at night than during the day. The more complex and dense forests of M. pyrifera appear to present better nursery habitats for juvenile kelp crabs than the more open and less dense forests dominated by L. trabeculata. These results suggest that the role of the two kelp habitats for T. marginatus varies during the life cycle of the kelp crabs, with M. pyrifera tending to have nursery function and L. trabeculata being more suitable as a reproductive habitat.
In vivo staining of cytoskeletal actin by autointernalization of nontoxic concentrations of nitrobenzoxadiazole-phallacidin

The blue light-excited fluorescent phallotoxin derivative nitrobenzoxadiazole phallacidin (NBD-Ph) was used to stain entire tissue culture monolayers of live L6 mouse cells and other mammalian cell lines without the aid of permeabilization treatment. Although cells tend to exclude the fluorescent toxin, reducing the internal concentration by approximately 1,000 times, some of it enters the cells, probably by pinocytosis, and stains actin structures at low intracellular NBD-Ph concentrations (approximately 5-15 nM), where cell toxicity was negligible or at least not detectable by phase-contrast microscopy. Protracted treatments with NBD-Ph did induce pharmacological responses similar to those of phalloidin. The dissociation constant for NBD-Ph with F-actin in fixed and extracted L6 cells was determined, from staining intensity measurements at various NBD-Ph concentrations, to be 1.5-2.5 x 10(-8) M.
Macrophysical and Microphysical Characteristics of Convective Rain Cells Observed During SOS‐CHUVA

In this study, we present a methodology to study the properties of convective precipitation in a holistic way. We apply a tracking algorithm to X‐band radar retrievals to store Lagrangian properties of convective rain cells. The height of maximum reflectivity (HZmax) is combined with the vertically integrated water (VIW) to provide a useful parameter space to constrain the microphysical study of the cells. This parameter determines most of the shape of the vertical structure of rain cells, where VIW acts as a modulating factor. Decreases in HZmax are likely associated to enhanced collection processes, which favor growth of reflectivity (Z), differential reflectivity (Zdr), differential attenuation (Kdp), and droplet mean volume diameter (D0). This growth is further favored under higher VIW conditions. By discriminating the microphysical analysis by HZmax and VIW, droplet growth can be analyzed in different types of rain cells and stages of life cycle. Overall, the results presented here can help understand the constraints of the vertical structure of rain cells and microphysical properties from the combination of HZmax and VIW. Contrary to the microphysical retrievals themselves, computations of HZmax and VIW do not depend on dual polarization.
Some Behavioral Interactions of Spottail Shiners (Notropis hudsonius), Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens), and Northern Pike (Esox lucius)

Dense schools of spottail shiners (Notropis hudsonius) are common in shallow water in Beaver Lake, generally 0.25–0.30 m below the surface, with smaller individuals more numerous towards the top. Position in the shcool is maintained by short radius behavior. The course of an individual is maintained by a beat of the tail, a glide, a hesitation, and a change of direction. Each glide path represents the chord of an arc of short radius about some neighbor. Shiners respond to disturbance by flash expansion of loose cruising association. Schooling is obligatory. The black caudal spot is probaly multifunctional as a recognition mark and releaser.Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) show an ontogeny of behavior through young-of-the-year, aggregation-sized perch (aggp), subadults, and adults. They behave as individuals or associate as streams. Disturbance will cause a group of aggp to disperse or to stream. The adult manifestation of streaming is pack-hunting. The activity of one perch attracts the attention of others.
Phylogenetic position and taxonomic assignment of Thlaspi aghricum P.H.Davis & K.Tan (Brassicaceae)

A general review of the taxonomic status of Thlaspi past and present is given, and a critical evaluations of its segregates based on both morphological and molecular data are presented. ITS molecular phylogenetic study of Thlaspi aghricum and related species, as well as seed-coat morphology and anatomy strongly support the placement of the species in Noccaea. The new combination N. aghrica is proposed, and detailed description and distribution of the species are given.
A Survey of Small-scale Layer Production Systems in Botswana

A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to investigate small-scale layer production systems in Botswana. The survey covered layer farms in the districts of Francistown and Letlhakane in the eastern part of Botswana, and examined aspects of productivity parameters, housing, management and diseases. The average hen day production in small-scale layer farms was 71.7% and the average daily feed intake was 108.1 g per hen. An average of 1 740 g feed was required to produce one dozen eggs. Hens were culled after 52 weeks in production (around 78 weeks of age). During this period, a hen produced an average of 245 eggs. These productivity levels were well below the standards indicated by the breeding companies. The average mortality from 18 weeks of age to culling was 8.46%. Diseases or conditions reportedly associated with these deaths included Newcastle Disease, prolapse of the uterus and enteritis. Factors responsible for the poor layer performance under small farm conditions in Botswana are clearly complex, but poor managerial skills, irregular feed supply and, poor quality of feed and pullets are major contributing reasons. The lower production levels, however, suggest that there is considerable potential for improvement. survey, small-scale poultry operations are defined as Although the Government has actively supported the those valued up to P75 000 (P1.00 = US$0.179) in terms expansion of the poultry industry under the auspices of of fixed assets and flock sizes of less than 2 000 hens. Financial Assistance Policy (FAP) for the past two Small-scale projects were selected because these decades, the commercial production systems have comprise about 80% of the total poultry projects and never been characterized. Over the years, the Ministry of have a significant employment and income generation Agriculture has used several production indices for the role for the rural-based population of Botswana. No budgeting of small-scale layer projects. The average reliable data is available on the exact number of small- hen-day production is considered to be 75%, and it i s scale layer projects in Botswana, but it is thought around assumed that each bird consumes 120 g of layer feed 80 projects are currently in operation. Of which about 30 per day with a hen-housed production of 300 eggs (MOA, 1999). How closely these assumed standards compare with actual farm productivity levels is not known. The present study was initiated with the objective of obtaining baseline information on specific aspects of productio n systems and productivity in small-scale commercial poultry operations in Botswana.
INFLUENCE OF MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING ON SHELF‐LIFE OF CHICKEN CARCASSES UNDER REFRIGERATED STORAGE CONDITIONS

The effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) (70% CO 2 /30% CO 2 /70% N 2 ) on the shelf-life of fresh chicken carcasses stored at 2, 4, 7 and 9C was investigated. The shelf-lives of MAP carcasses (70% CO 2 /30% N 2 ) stored at 2, 4, 7 and 9C were 25, 21, 12 and 8 days, respectively compared with 7 days for air-packaged ones stored at 4C; the shelf-life of MAP carcasses (30% CO 2 /70% N 2 ) stored at the same temperatures were 20, 15, 8 and 8 days, respectively. The inhibitory effect of MAP on the growth of Enterobacteriaceae and on the production of spoilage metanbolites, such as free fatty acids and extract release volume, was negligible at higher temperatures (7 and 9C) and more pronounced at lower temperatures (2 and 4C), especially at higher concentrations of CO 2 (70% CO 2 /30% N 2 ). The occurrence and growth of organisms such as Escherichia coli, coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Campylobacter in carcasses stored at different temperatures were also documented
Chronic toxicity of 14 phthalate esters to Daphnia magna and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Chronic toxicity studies were performed with commercial phthalate esters and Daphnia magna (14 phthalates) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (six phthalates). For the lower-molecular-weight phthalate esters--dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP)--the results of the studies indicated a general trend in which toxicity for both species increased as water solubility decreased. The geometric mean maximum acceptable toxicant concentration(GM-MATC) for D. magna ranged from 0.63 to 34.8 mg/L. For the higher-molecular-weight phthalate esters--dihexyl phthalate (DHP), butyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate (BOP), di-(n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-decyl) phthalate (610P), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-(heptyl, nonyl, undecyl) phthalate (711P), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diundecyl phthalate (DUP), and ditridecyl phthalate (DTDP)--the GM-MATC values ranged from 0.042 to 0.15 mg/L. Survival was equally sensitive and sometimes more sensitive than reproduction. The observed toxicity to daphnids with most of the higher-molecular-weight phthalate esters appeared to be due to surface entrapment or a mode of toxicity that is not due to exposure to dissolved aqueous-phase chemical. Early life-stage toxicity studies with rainbow trout indicated that survival (DMP) and growth (DBP) were affected at 24 and 0.19 mg/L, respectively. This pattern of observed toxicity with the lower-molecular-weight phthalate esters and not themore » higher-molecular-weight phthalate esters is consistent with previously reported acute toxicity studies for several aquatic species. « less