Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Knowledge Graph Embedding Models with Semantic-driven Loss Functions

Knowledge graph embedding models (KGEMs) are used for various tasks related to knowledge graphs (KGs), including link prediction. They are trained with loss functions that are computed considering a batch of scored triples and their corresponding labels. Traditional approaches consider the label of a triple to be either true or false. However, recent works suggest that all negative triples should not be valued equally. In line with this recent assumption, we posit that semantically valid negative triples might be high-quality negative triples. As such, loss functions should treat them differently from semantically invalid negative ones. To this aim, we propose semantic-driven versions for the three main loss functions for link prediction. In particular, we treat the scores of negative triples differently by injecting background knowledge about relation domains and ranges into the loss functions. In an extensive and controlled experimental setting, we show that the proposed loss functions systematically provide satisfying results on three public benchmark KGs underpinned with different schemas, which demonstrates both the generality and superiority of our proposed approach. In fact, the proposed loss functions do (1) lead to better MRR and Hits@ 10 values, (2) drive KGEMs towards better semantic awareness. This highlights that semantic information globally improves KGEMs, and thus should be incorporated into loss functions. Domains and ranges of relations being largely available in schema-deﬁned KGs, this makes our approach both beneﬁcial and widely usable in practice.
A Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demand

We consider a natural probabilistic variation of the classical vehicle routing problem (VRP), in which demands are stochastic. Given only a probabilistic description of the demand we need to design routes for the VRP. Motivated by applications in strategic planning and distribution systems, rather than resolving the problem when the demand becomes known, we propose to construct an a priori sequence among all customers of minimal expected total length. We analyze the problem using a variety of theoretical approaches. We find closed-form expressions and algorithms to compute the expected length of an a priori sequence under general probabilistic assumptions. Based on these expressions we find upper and lower bounds for the probabilistic VRP and the VRP re-optimization strategy, in which we find the optimal route at every instance. We propose heuristics and analyze their worst case performance as well as their average behavior using techniques from probabilistic analysis. Our results suggest that our approac.
Water consumption patterns of hotels and their response to droughts and public concerns regarding water conservation: The case of the Barcelona hotel industry during the 2007-2008 episode

El subministrament d’aigua es un factor limitant en moltes destinacions turistiques d’ambient calid i assolellat, com es el cas de la regio mediterrania. La intensificacio i la frequencia dels episodis de sequera, en un context de canvi climatic, plantegen dubtes sobre la sostenibilitat del sector turistic. Respon, el sector hoteler, a aquests dubtes? I en cas afirmatiu, com? Com afecta la sequera a l’adopcio de practiques d’estalvi d’aigua? Difereixen les respostes adaptatives d’acord amb les caracteristiques dels establiments hotelers? El present estudi analitza el consum anual d’aigua del sector hoteler de la ciutat mediterrania de Barcelona durant un periode de deu anys, incloent-hi quatre esdeveniments de sequera, i n’enquesta els directors. Els resultats mostren que la sequera promou canvis tecnics i de conducta, primordialment en hotels de categoria superior. Els decrets de sequera emesos pel Govern semblen influir en l’adopcio de mesures d’estalvi per part de la industria hotelera. L’heterogeneitat del sector hoteler es un factor que s’ha de tenir en compte en analisis futures i en el disseny de politiques.
Accenture

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Preferred Orientation of Phyllosilicates in Gulf Coast Mudstones and Relation to the Smectite-Illite Transition

Development of preferred orientations of illite-smectite (I-S) has been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) texture goniometry to produce pole figures for clay minerals of a suite of 16 mudstone samples from a core from the Gulf Coast. Samples represent a compaction-loading environment in which the smectite-to-illite (S-I) transition occurs. In five shallow, pre-transition samples, there is no significant preferred orientation for smectite-rich I-S. Development of preferred orientation of I-S, although weak, was first detected at depths slightly less than that of the S-I transition. The degree of preferred orientation, which is always bedding-parallel, increases rather abruptly, but continuously, over a narrow interval corresponding to the onset of the S-I transition, then continues to strengthen only slightly with increasing depth. The degree of post-transition preferred orientation is also dependent on lithology, where the preferred orientation is less well-defined for quartz-rich samples.Previously obtained transmission electron microscope (TEM) data define textures consistent with the change in orientation over many crystallites. The smectite in pre-transition rocks consists largely of anastomosing, “wavy” layers with variable orientation and whose mean orientation is parallel to bedding, but which deviate continuously from that orientation. This results in broad, poorly defined peaks in pole figures. Post-transition illite, by contrast, consists of thin, straight packets, with most individual crystallites being parallel or nearly parallel to bedding. This results in pole figures with sharply defined maxima. By analogy with development of slaty cleavage in response to tectonic stress during metamorphism, the S-I transition is marked by dissolution of smectite and neocrystallization of illite or I-S locally within the continuous “megacrystals” of smectite. The transition is inferred to have some component of mechanical rotation of coherent illite crystals within a pliant matrix of smectite. The data suggest that change in orientation and coalescence of clay packets plays an important role in the formation of the hydraulic seal required for overpressure generation.
Calcium loss in central european forest soils

The Ca concentration in the soil of many Central European forest ecosystems is declining. The evidence for the extent of Ca loss in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. [Karst.]) forests was investigated from changes in exchangeable Ca between 1985 and 2000 at Weilhartsforst/ Upper Austria and from soil solution chemistry between 1992 and 1999 at Coulissenhieb/NE Bavaria. The temporal trend of exchangeable Ca in the soil and the Ca concentration in the soil solution were compared with the change in the Ca concentration in spruce needles. The decline of the pool of exchangeable Ca in the soil within 15 yr was not reflected by the Ca concentration of needles in Austria. Analysis of a large regional database revealed that soil exchangeable Ca was only loosely correlated with the Ca level in needles and entirely unrelated to the rate of forest growth. At the Bavarian site a decline in soil solution Ca concentration and Ca/Al and a decline in needle Ca concentrations were observed; however, changes in foliar Ca concentrations were not statistically correlated with soil solution chemistry. This would suggest that trees access Ca from sources that are not evident from soil chemical data. Despite ongoing Ca losses, we did not identify an immediate stress for the forest ecosystems.
Large‐scale fluvial grade as a nonequilibrium state in linked depositional systems: Theory and experiment

[1] A graded river conveys its sediment load without net aggradation or degradation. Grade is thought to represent the equilibrium state of a river system subject to steady allogenic forcing. We address the concept of grade in linked depositional systems through a combination of mathematical modeling and flume experiments. We develop a moving boundary morphodynamic model of fluviodeltaic sedimentation and use it to quantify the conditions necessary for a state of sustained grade in an alluvial-deltaic system developing on a uniformly sloping shelf. To test our theory, we conducted a series of flume experiments in which we constructed laboratory-scale fluviodeltaic systems under specific relative sea level histories. On large spatiotemporal scales, our theoretical and experimental results suggest an alternative view of grade as an intrinsically nonequilibrium state that requires a fall in relative sea level. Under conditions of stillstand or rise in relative sea level, the equilibrium (graded) profile does not exist, and the alluvial river will always aggrade. With a steady sediment supply, alluvial grade can be sustained if relative sea level falls with a specific, square-root-of-time dependence. Common sequence-stratigraphic conceptualizations of alluvial river response to sea level change suggest that rivers aggrade and degrade in response to relative sea level rise and fall, respectively. We show that rivers can remain aggradational if the rate of sea level fall is sufficiently small. The boundary between aggradational and degradational states is the graded state described here: that associated with a relative sea level fall that varies with the square root of time.
COMPOSIÇÃO DO BANCO DE SEMENTES NO SOLO EM ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE SOB DIFERENTES TIPOS DE COBERTURA

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a composicao e similaridade do banco de sementes no solo em tres areas com diferentes historicos de cobertura do solo: I - floresta nativa remanescente; II - extracao recente de Pinus; III - reflorestamento de Pinus. Foram coletadas 10 amostras de solo aleatoriamente, para cada uma das tres areas. As amostras de solo foram colocadas em bandejas de 60 x 40 x 10 cm e dispostas em canteiros a ceu aberto no laboratorio de silvicultura da FURB, em Blumenau, SC, para analise da germinacao, entre junho de 2008 e maio de 2009. As plântulas germinadas foram classificadas em grupos: arboreas, arbustivas, cipos, herbaceas, gramineas, pteridofitas e arboreas exoticas. Foram identificados 2223 individuos, pertencentes a 37 especies e 22 familias. As especies com maior quantidade de sementes germinadas nos tres ambientes foram Eupatorium compressum e Braquiaria subquadripara. A densidade de individuos/m2 foi de 2.846 (ambiente I), 4.292 (ambiente II) e 2.125 (ambiente III). O numero de especies, diversidade e equabilidade foram decrescentes do ambiente I para o ambiente III. Concluiu-se que o tipo de uso e cobertura da area tem relacao com a densidade dos grupos de plantas presentes no banco de sementes no solo. Palavras-chave: Regeneracao; Floresta Ombrofila Mista; recuperacao de area. Abstract Composition of soil seed bank in areas of permanent preservation under different types of coverage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of soil seed bank in three types of use of permanent preservation area: I - remaining native Forest; II - recent extraction of Pinus; III - reforestation of Pinus. 10 soil samples were collected in randomly points distributed in each one of the three areas. The soil samples were individually placed in plastic trays with 60 x 40 x 10cm and arranged in open plots in the Silviculture Laboratory of FURB in Blumenau - SC, for analysis of germination, from June 2008 to May 2009. The seedlings were classified into groups: trees, shrubs, vines, herbs, grasses, ferns and pine. 2223 individuals were identified; they belonged to 37 species and 22 families. The species with the largest number of germinated seeds within the three environments were Eupatorium compressum and Braquiaria subquadripara. The density was 2846 individuals.m2 (environment I), 4292 (environment II) and 2125 (environment III). The number of species and diversity values decreased from environment with native remaining forest to the environment area with Pinus. Results point to the fact that the type of use and coverage of the area is related to density of plant groups present in the soil seed bank. Keywords: Regeneration; Mixed Forest; reclamation area.
Quasi-Monte Carlo Quasi-Newton in Variational Bayes

Many machine learning problems optimize an objective that must be measured with noise. The primary method is a ﬁrst order stochastic gradient descent using one or more Monte Carlo (MC) samples at each step. There are settings where ill-conditioning makes second order methods such as limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) more eﬀective. We study the use of randomized quasi-Monte Carlo (RQMC) sampling for such problems. When MC sampling has a root mean squared error (RMSE) of O ( n − 1 / 2 ) then RQMC has an RMSE of o ( n − 1 / 2 ) that can be close to O ( n − 3 / 2 ) in favorable settings. We prove that improved sampling accuracy translates directly to improved optimization. In our empirical investigations for variational Bayes, using RQMC with stochastic quasi-Newton method greatly speeds up the optimization, and sometimes ﬁnds a better parameter value than MC does.
Supply limited sediment transport in a high‐discharge event of the tropical Burdekin River, North Queensland, Australia

Interactions between catchment variables and sediment transport processes in rivers are complex, and sediment transport behaviour during high‐flow events is not well documented. This paper presents an investigation into sediment transport processes in a short‐duration, high‐discharge event in the Burdekin River, a large sand‐ and gravel‐bed river in the monsoon‐ and cyclone‐influenced, semi‐arid tropics of north Queensland. The Burdekin's discharge is highly variable and strongly seasonal, with a recorded maximum of 40 400 m3 s−1. Sediment was sampled systematically across an 800 m wide, 12 m deep and straight reach using Helley‐Smith bedload and US P‐61 suspended sediment samplers over 16 days of a 29‐day discharge event in February and March 2000 (peak 11 155 m3 s−1). About 3·7 × 106 tonnes of suspended sediment and 3 × 105 tonnes of bedload are estimated to have been transported past the sample site during the flow event. The sediment load was predominantly supply limited. Wash load included clay, silt and very fine sand. The concentration of suspended bed material (including very coarse sand) varied with bedload transport rate, discharge and height above the bed. Bedload transport rate and changes in channel shape were greatest several days after peak discharge. Comparison between these data and sparse published data from other events on this river shows that the control on sediment load varies between supply limited and hydraulically limited transport, and that antecedent weather is an important control on suspended sediment concentration. Neither the empirical relationships widely used to estimate suspended sediment concentrations and bedload (e.g. Ackers & White, 1973) nor observations of sediment transport characteristics in ephemeral streams (e.g. Reid & Frostick, 1987) are directly applicable to this river.
On the Opportunity of Causal Deep Generative Models: A Survey and Future Directions

Deep generative models have gained popularity in recent years due to their ability to accurately replicate inherent empirical distributions and yield novel samples. In particular, certain advances are proposed wherein the model engenders data examples following speciﬁed attributes. Nevertheless, several challenges still exist and are to be overcome, i.e., difﬁculty in extrapolating out-of-sample data and insufﬁcient learning of disentangled representations. Structural causal models (SCMs), on the other hand, encapsulate the causal factors that govern a generative process and characterize a generative model based on causal relationships, providing crucial insights for addressing the current obstacles in deep generative models. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of Causal deep Generative Models (CGMs), which combine SCMs and deep generative models in a way that boosts several trustworthy properties such as robustness, fairness, and interpretability. We provide an overview of the recent advances in CGMs, categorize them based on generative types, and discuss how causality is introduced into the family of deep generative models. We also explore potential avenues for future research in this ﬁeld.
Medical Visual Information Retrieval: State of the Art and Challenges Ahead

Today's medical institutions produce enormous amounts of data on patients, including multimedia data, which is increasingly produced in digital form. These data in their clinical context contain much information and experience that is currently not being used up to its full potential. Through the digital form the data has become accessible for automatic analysis and treatment for a variety of applications. At the same time, the variety of images produced can be confusing even for trained specialists causing an information overload exists for many medical doctors. This suggests that content-based image retrieval can be a valuable tool for helping manage these data and access the right information at the right time. This article gives a short state of the art of content-based medical image retrieval followed by a description of the medGIFT project on image retrieval with its main components. Then, several challenges are used to illustrate areas where much more work is currently needed to advance biomedical image retrieval. This shows that we have now progresses beyond the phase, where medical doctors transfer a database to computer scientists to only evaluate their algorithms. We conclude that visual information retrieval can have a real impact in the medical field if the techniques can adapt to this rapidly changing field and get integrated into the workflow in radiology and other medical fields.
Bog development and environmental conditions as shown by the stratigraphy of Store Mosse mire in southern Sweden

Macrofossil analyses, pollen analyses, and 14C datings were carried out on profiles from a bog complex in southern Sweden. The development started with a Carex fen c. 6,000 B. P. which transformed to bog c. 1,000 years later. The bog has developed through three stages separated by highly humified peat layers, recurrence surfaces, 3 and 2m below the present bog surface, and formed c. 2,500 and 1,200 B. P., respectively. The fen formation and the initiation of the last two bog stages were contemporaneous with high water levels in lakes of the region. The transition to bog and the formation of the two highly humified peat layers may be related to low water levels in lakes. It is probable that changes in the development of the mire were caused by the climate, since varying water levels are thought to be dependent on variations in the climate.
Suppressing non‐Gaussian noises with scaled receiver wavefield for reverse‐time migration: comparison of different approaches

Numerical implementation of the gradient of the cost function in a gradient‐based full‐ waveform inversion (FWI) is essentially a migration operator used in wave equation migration. In FWI, minimizing different data residual norms results in different weighting strategies of data residuals at receiver locations prior to back‐propagation into the medium. In this paper, we propose different scaling methods to the receiver wavefield and compare their performances. Using time‐domain reverse‐time migration (RTM), we show that compared to conventional algorithms, this type of scaling is able to significantly suppress non‐Gaussian noise, i.e., outliers. Our tests also show that scaling by its absolute norm produces better results than other approaches.
SFNet: Faster, Accurate, and Domain Agnostic Semantic Segmentation via Semantic Flow

In this paper, we focus on exploring eﬀective methods for faster, accurate, and domain agnostic semantic segmentation. A common practice to improve the performance is to attain high resolution feature maps with strong semantic representation. Two strategies are widely used: atrous convolutions and feature pyramid fusion, while both are either computation intensive or ineﬀective. Inspired by the Optical Flow for motion alignment between adjacent video frames, we propose a Flow Alignment Module (FAM) to learn Semantic Flow between feature maps of adjacent levels, and broadcast high-level features to high resolution features effectively and eﬃciently. Furthermore, integrating our FAM to a common feature pyramid structure exhibits superior performance over other real-time methods even on light-weight backbone networks, such as ResNet-18 and DFNet. Then to further speed up the inference procedure, we also present a novel Gated Dual Flow Alignment Module to directly align high resolution feature maps and low resolution feature maps where we term improved version network as SFNet-Lite. Extensive experiments are conducted on several challenging datasets, where results show the eﬀectiveness of both SFNet and SFNet-Lite. In particular, the proposed SFNet-Lite series achieve 80.1 mIoU while running at 60 FPS using
The potential of physical motion cues: changing people's perception of robots' performance

Autonomous robotic systems can automatically perform actions on behalf of users in the domestic environment to help people in their daily activities. Such systems aim to reduce users' cognitive and physical workload, and improve well-being. While the benefits of these systems are clear, recent studies suggest that users may misconstrue their performance of tasks. We see an opportunity in designing interaction techniques that improve how users perceive the performance of such systems. We report two lab studies (N=16 each) designed to investigate whether showing physical motion, which is showing the process of a system through movement (that is intrinsic to the system's task), of an autonomous system as it completes its task, affects how users perceive its performance. To ensure our studies are ecologically valid and to motivate participants to provide thoughtful responses we adopted consensus-oriented financial incentives. Our results suggest that physical presence does yield higher performance ratings.