Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbial quality of artisanal yoghurt and Dgu products collected in schools of Cotonou and Abomey-Calavi (Benin)

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the microbiological quality of yoghurt and two types of degue (couscous and millet) sold in Cotonou and Abomey-Calavi. Samples of dairy products were collected in 15 schools of Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou from vendors located inside the schools. In this study, 180 samples (60 yoghurt, 60-degue millet and 60-degue couscous) were analysed. The microbial quality of collected samples was investigated using conventional methods for lactic acid bacteria, staphylococci, faecal and total coliforms and thermo-tolerant Gram-negative bacilli bacteria. The results of the microbiological analyses of the collected samples revealed a contamination of all the samples of yoghurt, degue millet and degue couscous. The microorganisms load varies according to not only the sampling sites, the sampling period but with the type of microorganisms. The presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria particularly the total coliforms (38%), faecal coliforms (21%), and thermo-tolerant Gram-negative bacilli bacteria (20%) and staphylococci (21%) were observed. In addition, it should be noted that the different samples of yoghurt, degue millet and degue couscous taken in the morning have a high microbial load compared to that of the evening with regard to faecal coliforms for the two sites. Dairy products sold to school children in Cotonou and Abomey-Calavi are potentially sources of food poisoning. Key words: Yoghurt, degue, microbiological quality, schools, South Benin.
KAJIAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBERIAN INSENTIF PAJAK DALAM MENGATASI DAMPAK VIRUS CORONA DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2019

This study aims to examine the provision of tax incentives in Indonesia which is being hit by a corona virus outbreak. This research is a literature study. The results showed that the tax incentives provided by the government were conceptually quite good, although there were a number of notes from researchers regarding losses due to a decrease in tax revenue as an implication of the reduction and tax exemption provided by the government. In addition, it is best to exempt income tax on imports, which needs to be reviewed, especially regarding the qualifications of goods that can be incentivized. The government also needs to conduct overall supervision to minimize irregularities that are detrimental to many parties.
Examining Prospective Mathematics Teachers’ Conceptual Structure Regarding the Concept of Integral

The purpose of this research is to identify prospective mathematics teachers’ conceptual structure about the concept of “Integral”. In this research, phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research designs, was used. A total of 35 prospective mathematics teachers, studying at a state university, participated in the research. The Word Association Test was conducted to collect the data. The data were analyzed according to content analysis and categories were given according to frequency values. Conceptual networks that present prospective mathematics teachers’ cognitive structure about integral concept were drawn by using a “cut-off point” technique according to the frequency table. As a result, 14 categories related to integral concept were obtained.
The role of phonological knowledge and rapid naming in the development of spelling and reading in Turkish

The present study explored reading and spelling development of Turkish- speaking children in Grade 1 and 2. It was designed to investigate the predictors of word spelling and reading skills and the developmental relationship between spelling and reading abilities. In particular, the role of phonological encoding (PE) skills and rapid automatized naming (RAN) in reading and spelling was examined. A total of 71 students attending Grade 1 and 2 participated in the study. Data were gathered through a battery of tests and analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that phonological encoding was a significant predictor of spelling skills while RAN was a strong predictor of reading skills in Turkish. Besides, phonological encoding significantly contributed to the reading skills of the second graders while it did not account for significant amounts of variance in word reading ability of the first graders.
Mechanical behaviour of polymer derived ceramics – a review

Since the last five decades, polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) are in use and envisaged for a variety of applications. The transition of a precursor to an inorganic ceramic by pyrolysis and heat-treatment results in either amorphous or nanocrystalline composites with the evolution of phases strongly controlled by the processing conditions. Understanding the deformation behaviour under ambient conditions and at elevated temperatures is key to designing these materials for long-term use. However, quantitative reliable estimation of mechanical properties is quite challenging due to its unique structure which in turn is strongly governed by the precursor chemistry. The mechanical behaviour of PDCs in the form of fibres, bulk and foams are different and they are discussed separately. Both experimental and simulation-based studies are considered in this review. Recently, additive manufacturing processes have been used for the fabrication of PDCs, the mechanical properties of which are also included in this review.
Responses Of paraoxonase 1 to dioxin-like pcb 126 ( 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl): mechanisms and consequences

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that have been associated with various adverse health effects in humans and wildlife. Dioxinlike PCBs elicit a broad spectrum of biochemical and toxic changes including cardiovascular disorders. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme, prevents oxidative stress and plays key roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The overall goal of this dissertation is to investigate the mechanism and role of PON1 in the antioxidant defense to the exposure of 3, 3’, 4, 4’, 5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), the most potent congener in PCB family. My overall hypothesis is that: The up-regulation of PON1 is an antioxidant response to PCB 126 exposure, which involves the Ah receptor (AhR) and results in changes in the PON1 protein level and activity which in turn has an influence on the oxidative stress status. First, the responses of PON1 gene expression and activities in serum and liver upon the PCB126 treatment were evaluated in the rat model. I found that PCB 126 upregulated PON1, gene expression and activities, in a time and dose dependent manner. Next, I investigated the molecular mechanism of this response. My results show that the up-regulation of PON1 by PCB 126 involves the AhR and the XRE-like sequence in the gene promoter region. The up-regulation of PON1 was tissue specific, and this response probably protected liver and serum from lipid oxidation to some extent. The structure-activity relationship studies with PCB congeners indicate that the up-regulation of PON1 was specific to dioxin-like PCB 126. Other different AhR ligands displayed different PON1 induction capabilities. Also, reduction of PON1 activity was found in male rats dosed with non-dioxin-like PCBs. Finally I investigated the interaction, and possible protection, of other antioxidants (Se and NAC) on the response to PCB 126. I found that these antioxidants reduced the magnitude of the response of PON1 to the PCB 126 exposure in liver. Both
Sustainable human resource management: a systematic review of a developing field

PurposeThis study aims to systematically review sustainable human resource management (HRM) research with the aim of establishing its research themes, methods and contextual focus to develop a better understanding of the state of the field and the gaps in the research, as well as to propose a future research agenda.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a systematic literature review method that involves the use of 122 studies from six reputable databases covering January 2003 to March 2020.FindingsThere is an over-concentration on the ecological perspective of sustainable HRM and managers dominate the examined population. Moreover, there are geographical imbalances in sustainable HRM research. More so, the idea of bundling sustainable HRM practices together has received scanty research attention relative to the individual sustainable HRM best practices. Consequently, from a strategic HRM perspective, the authors highlight various ways to bundle sustainable HRM practices together. Also, the authors suggest that the ability-motivation-opportunity enhancing (AMO) theory’s perspective provides particularly useful means for this investigation. Furthermore, the findings suggest that sustainable HRM can influence organisations to become more competitive and effective in their quests to ensure economic prosperity, social well-being and ecological outcomes for their stakeholders.Practical implicationsThe evidence reveals that there are significant gaps in the literature on the topic and confirms that the field is still at its developmental stage. Hence, there is a need for more rigorous research on the topic to help develop a better understanding of this new field.Originality/valueThis study contributes by providing the first comprehensive review of sustainable HRM themes, methods and contextual focus and by proposing future research agenda. It, therefore, offers a valuable point of departure for those moving into the sustainable HRM domain, as well as valuable insights for those already working in this space.
Media Convergence and Broadcasting Practice in Nigeria: Three Broadcast Stations in Focus

The debate about media convergence and its relevance in Nigeria is on-going. This study contributes to the discussion by examining how this critical construct impacts the broadcasting practice in Edo State, one of the country’s 36 political subdivisions. The work adopts the mixed research method to investigate 100 survey respondents and interview three discussants, which helps to generate the requisite data. Findings reveal that convergence has significantly influenced broadcasting practice, and this influence is more positive than negative. The findings also show that media convergence creates additional and better opportunities, as more distribution channels for broadcast content emerge. These developments, however, may remain unsustainable if the stakeholders do not address the identified challenges appropriately. The government of Edo State can play a leading role in addressing those
Spatial Epidemiology Study of Congenital Hypothyroidism in KermanProvince Using Geographic Information System in 2011 - 2013

R Amirzadeh1, R Vazirinejad2, A Bahrampour3, M Sanjari4, M Shafiee5, M Jamshidi5, M Rezaeian2* and M Khatibi6 1MSc of Epidemiology, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Occupational Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran 3Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 4Associate Professor, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 5Deputy of Health Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 6Msc of Psychology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran *Corresponding Author: M Rezaeian, Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Occupational Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Methods for Adventitious Respiratory Sound Analyzing Applications Based on Smartphones: A Survey

Detection and classification of adventitious acoustic lung sounds plays an important role in diagnosing, monitoring, controlling and, caring the patients with lung diseases. Such systems can be presented as different platforms like medical devices, standalone software or smartphone application. Ubiquity of smartphones and widespread use of the corresponding applications make such a device an attractive platform for hosting the detection and classification systems for adventitious lung sounds. In this paper, the smartphone-based systems for automatic detection and classification of the adventitious lung sounds are surveyed. Such adventitious sounds include cough, wheeze, crackle and, snore. Relevant sounds related to abnormal respiratory activities are considered as well. The methods are shortly described and the analyzing algorithms are explained. The analysis includes detection and/or classification of the sound events. A summary of the main surveyed methods together with the classification parameters and used features for the sake of comparison is given. Existing challenges, open issues and future trends will be discussed as well.
A Digital Approach to Evaluate the Effect of Berry Cell Death on Pinot Noir Wines’ Quality Traits and Sensory Profiles Using Non-Destructive Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Berry cell death (BCD) is linked to the development of flavors and aromas in berries and wine. The BCD pattern and rate within a growing season start at around 90–100 days after anthesis (DAA), and the rate until harvest depends on environmental factors. This study assessed the BCD effects on berry and wine composition from a boutique commercial vineyard in Victoria, Australia, using fluorescent imaging. Results showed differences in wine sensory profiles from the two blocks studied, mainly related to variations in BCD, due to differences in altitude between blocks. Furthermore, two machine learning (ML) models were constructed using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) measurements from full berries as inputs and living tissue (LT) and dead tissue (DT) from berries as targets (Model 1). Model 2 was developed using Brix, LT, DT from the east and west sides of canopies as inputs and using 19 sensory descriptors from wines as targets. High correlation and performances were achieved for both models without signs of overfitting (R = 0.94 and R = 0.80, respectively). These models could be used for decision-making purposes as an objective and comprehensive berry maturity assessment obtained in a non-destructive, accurate, and in a real-time fashion close to harvest, to secure specific wine styles.
Evaluation of commercial trap types and lures on the population dynamics of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its effects on non-targets insects

Abstract The trapping efficacy and specificity of a commercially available two types of traps; funnel and delta traps, two types of lures; botrack (sex pheromone) and femtrack (floral attractant) were evaluated to determine the population dynamics of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its effects on non-target insects under field condition of Dandi district during 2018/2019. The result obtained indicates that the funnel-botrack was captured H. armigera moth more profoundly than the other treatments, followed by a femtrack with the same kinds of trap. Likely, funnel-botrack was less effect on non-target insects than the other treatment combinations. Funnel types were more effective than sticky traps in catching H. armigera. Delta traps captured the highest number of non-target insects and recorded the lowest capture of H. armigera moths. Significantly more non-target moths were captured in delta-femtrack and delta-botrack treatments. Across all traps and lure combinations, 6,332 non-target insects were collected, belonging to five major insect orders. The most commonly collected insect orders in descending order were Diptera -> Lepidoptera -> Coleoptera -> Hymenoptera or at a family level, Noctuidae -> Tachinidae -> Muscidae were common in traps baited with H. armigera lures. We noted that, two population peaks in Ethiopia. Our results suggest that the funnel-botrack combination was efficient and specific to capture H. armigera under the agro-ecology of the Dandi district in Ethiopia.
Ecological Studies on Cotton Mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) on Eggplant at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt

Field experiments were conducted on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) which infested eggplant at Hihhya distract, Sharkia Governorate during two successive seasons 2015 and 2016. The population density, activity periods, the effects of some weather factors, number of insect generations and preferable leaf surface of of P. solenopsis were considered. The obtained results revealed that the total numbers of a live stages had four peaks of activity during the first season. They were in third week of June, third week of July, fourth week of August and second week of September. While, during the second season, three peaks of activity were noticed in the last week of June, first week of August and second week of September. The total effects of some weather factors such as maximum and minimum air temperature (˚C) and relative humidity percentage (R.H.%) showed positive significant relationship with the cotton mealybug population. P. solenopsis had three generations during the first and second seasons the first generation was taken seven weeks. While, the second and third generations took sex weeks. The first generation was during the period extended from the third week of May till the end of June, the second one took place from the first week of July till the second week of August and the third one was during the period extended from the third week of August till the third week of September. The insect pest preferred the lower leaf surface than the upper one during the first and second seasons.
Catalytic dehydration of hexose sugars to 5‐hydroxymethylfural

The catalytic conversion of cellulosic biomass to downstream products provides a viable solution to alleviate the energy crisis and global warming. This article provides a relatively comprehensive review of the dehydration of glucose (the monomer of cellulose) and fructose considering various catalyst and solvent systems. Biphasic solvents and heterogeneous systems are recommended from the point of view of industrial applications. A two‐step catalytic conversion of glucose via fructose has been envisaged: first, isomerization of glucose to fructose, which has been extensively discussed in this review, and then transformation of fructose to downstream products. Two‐step tandem catalytic reactions from glucose to downstream products (i.e., one‐pot synthesis via fructose) are also attractive for industrial applications and should be given more attention. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Modulating effect of EDTA and SDS on growth, biochemical parameters and antioxidant defense system of Dahlia variabilis grown under cadmium and lead-induced stress

The present study investigated the influence of inorganic amendments viz., SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in enhancing metal tolerance in plants. Seedlings of an important ornamental plant, Dahlia variabilis Cav. were grown under cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) stress. 30-days old seedlings were transferred to pots containing sterilized sand and supplemented with Hoagland’s medium. After 15 days of transplanting, four treatments (0, 10, 25, and 100 mg kg-1) of Cd and four treatments of Pb (0, 100, 500 and 5000 mg kg-1) were used with or without application of 2.0 mM SDS and 2.5 mM EDTA, separately and in combination. Seedlings were further grown for 60 days in culture media. Results revealed that both Cd and Pb significantly reduced plant growth, pigment content, and relative water content. Antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) along with protein and total soluble sugar contents showed a declining trend with an increase in Cd and Pb concentrations applied. The Cd and Pb treatment enhanced the production rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as depicted by the increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in leaf. Inorganic amendments viz., EDTA+SDS applied either alone or in combination significantly alleviated Cd and Pb-induced toxic effects. However, a combination of EDTA+SDS showed significant results than used separately. These results revealed that the application of inorganic amendments in combination can enhance the phytoextraction capacity of the species studied. However, the effects of various amendments vary with the nature of the inorganic compound. The study suggests that the application of EDTA and SDS could be a useful strategy for enhancing the phytoextraction capability of Dahlia variabilis to remove Cd and Pb from contaminated soils.
On the equivalence of the integral and differential Bellman equations in impulse control problems

When solving optimal impulse control problems, one can use the dynamic programming approach in two different ways: at each time moment, one can make the decision whether to apply a particular type of impulse, leading to the instantaneous change of the state, or apply no impulses at all; or, otherwise, one can plan an impulse after a certain interval, so that the length of that interval is to be optimised along with the type of that impulse. The first method leads to the differential Bellman equation, while the second method leads to the integral Bellman equation. The target of the current article is to prove the equivalence of those Bellman equations in many specific models. Those include abstract dynamical systems, controlled ordinary differential equations, piece-wise deterministic Markov processes and continuous-time Markov decision processes.
Teacher Interaction and Empathy: An Investigation among Effective English Language Teachers

Teachers play a fundamental role in educational settings as well as in every academic context. Thus, educational systems have to rely on evaluating the teachers for various traits, features, and personality characteristics. Among the different qualities, teacher interaction and empathy are two of the vital concepts well-accepted by language teaching scholars. However, novice teachers may need guidance. It is advisable to rely on the experiences and traits of effective teachers when administrators and policy makers aim to hold teacher training courses or in-service training sessions. Accordingly, through relying on mega planning theory and employing a mixed method, the researcher concluded the patterns of empathy and interaction among effective English language teachers to provide feedback to English program administers and teachers mainly. The findings of the qualitative phase of the study also shed light on what skills effective teachers had and what beliefs they held concerning empathy and interaction in classroom.