Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moral injury and mental health among health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, health-care workers (HCWs) may have been confronted with situations that may culminate in moral injury (MI). MI is the psychological distress that may result from perpetrating or witnessing actions that violate one’s moral codes. Literature suggests that MI can be associated with mental health problems. Objective: We aimed to meta-analytically review the literature to investigate whether MI is associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, burnout, and suicidal ideation among active HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: We searched eight databases for studies conducted after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic up to 18 July 2023, and performed random-effects meta-analyses to examine the relationship between MI and various mental health outcomes. Results: We retrieved 33 studies from 13 countries, representing 31,849 individuals, and pooled 79 effect sizes. We found a positive association between MI and all investigated mental health problems (rs = .30–.41, all ps < .0001). Between-studies heterogeneity was significant. A higher percentage of nurses in the samples was associated with a stronger relationship between MI and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Samples with a higher percentage of HCWs providing direct care to patients with COVID-19 exhibited a smaller effect between MI and depressive and anxiety symptoms. We observed a stronger effect between MI and PTSD symptoms in US samples compared to non-US samples. Conclusion: We found that higher MI is moderately associated with symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, depression, burnout, and suicidal ideation among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings carry limitations due to the array of MI scales employed, several of which were not specifically designed for HCWs, but underscore the need to mitigate the effect of potentially morally injurious events on the mental health of HCWs.
Detecting Established Glaucoma Using OCT Alone: Utilizing an OCT Reading Center in a Real-World Clinical Setting

Purpose We evaluated the ability of an optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based reading center for glaucoma (ORG) to detect established glaucoma using OCT alone. Methods This study included eyes from 70 consecutive patients with established glaucoma (i.e. moderate or severe glaucoma according to the International Classification of Diseases [ICD]-10 guidelines) and 20 consecutive healthy subjects, who had no evidence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) or visual field (VF) loss in either eye. Using a standardized ORG quality assessment, 33 eyes were excluded due to media opacity (12), poor image quality (13), or epiretinal membrane (8). Of the remaining 147 eyes, 86 had established glaucoma and 36 were from healthy controls (total n = 122). Based on the OCT report alone and applying a previously described evaluation method, the presence of GON in each eye was determined by two masked ORG graders. The main outcome measures were sensitivity and specificity for detection of eyes with established glaucoma. Results Of the 86 eyes with established glaucoma (average mean deviation [MD] = −10.9 ± 7.7 dB, range = −0.5 to −31.5 dB), only one eye (MD = −0.46) was missed (sensitivity = 98.8%). However, the other eye of this patient was correctly classified as GON. Therefore, at a patient level, sensitivity was 100%. None of the 36 healthy eyes was classified as GON by the ORG (specificity = 100%). Conclusions An OCT-based reading center is able to identify eyes with established glaucoma using OCT alone with high sensitivity and specificity. Translational Relevance Our study validates the use of a systematic OCT-based approach for glaucoma detection in a real-world setting.
Rice crop residue management and its impact on farmers livelihood - an empirical study

The study aimed to examine the present status of rice crop residue management and its impact on farmers’ livelihood covering two sub-districts in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. A total of 100 farmers (50 for crop residue practicing farmers and 50 for the farmers involved in traditional farming) were selected randomly for data collection. A combination of descriptive, statistical and mathematical techniques were applied to achieve the objectives and to get the meaningful results. The results of descriptive statistics showed that retention was found higher in far distance plots from homestead. No retention of crop residues was found in case of Aus and Aman rice. The whole retention was found only in case of Boro rice. The shortage of labour in season and the wage rate were also important factors for the retention of crop residues. However, farmers’ perceptions about the use of crop residues were mostly adding organic matter to the crop field followed by mulching and feeding animal. The recycling of resources among crop retention and livestock has the great potential to return a considerable amount of plant nutrients to the soil in the rice based crop production systems. Due to crop residue practices, crop and livestock both were benefited through resource interdependences. The sampled farmers were benefited from retention of crop residues by improving soil quality, soil moisture, etc.; and farmers used less amounts of fertilizer, irrigation water, etc. for the succeeding crops. Consequently, succeeding crop productivity, profitability and annual income were increased significantly. The result of logit regression model shows that age of household head, farm size, agricultural income and non-farm income were found as significant variables in explaining the variation in crop residue adoption of farm households. To assess the livelihood pattern of sample farm households through asset pentagon approach, noteworthy improvement was found s on different capitals. The study identified some problems regarding crop residue management and finally, recommended that if the farmers get proper training for such management, it would be helpful to improve their livelihood. Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 189-199, 2016
Analytical and numerical assessment of axial thrust balancing systems in liquid rocket engine LOx turbopumps

Different pressure profiles on the frontside and backside of radial impellers create forces in axial direction. In high head turbopump assemblies for liquid rocket engines axial thrust is inevitable, especially during start-up transients, harsh environment operations, and throttling. Various passive and active axial thrust balancing systems exist. This paper concentrates on active systems, where the rotor assembly moves axially to compensate unbalanced axial force and the hub of the impeller acts as a balance piston. The function of two systems will be described. Analytical and numerical methods are applied to determine axial forces. The analytical formulations of each part in the system of an active balancing setup are implemented into a program and it is verified and validated with results from simulations. The numerical method also is validated and shows good agreement with data from literature. In a case study of a 120 kN engine LOx turbopump impeller, analytical and numerical results for the axial forces and the leakage flow are presented for an active balancing system with one governing gap and for a system with two governing gaps. Calculations have been done for three rotation speeds and a rotor displacement of 0.5 mm around the nominal position. The results are shown and discussed.
Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) One Year Following the Gulf Coast Oil Spill: Alabama and Mississippi, 2011

Abstract Background On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon drilling unit exploded off the coast of Louisiana, resulting in 11 deaths and the largest marine petroleum release in history. Previous oil spill disasters have been associated with negative mental health outcomes in affected communities. In response to requests from Mississippi and Alabama, potential mental health issues resulting from this event were identified by implementing a novel use of a Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) in the months immediately following the Gulf Coast oil spill. Purpose This assessment was repeated one year later to determine long-term mental health needs and changes. Methods A two-stage sampling method was used to select households, and a questionnaire including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) questions was administered. Weighted cluster analysis was conducted, and BRFSS questions were compared to the most recent BRFSS reports and the 2010 results. Results In 2011, 8.8%-15.1% of individuals reported depressive symptoms compared to 15.4%–24.5% of individuals in 2010, with 13.2%-20.3% reporting symptoms consistent with an anxiety disorder compared to 21.4%-31.5% of individuals in 2010. Respondents reporting decreased income following the oil spill were more likely to report mental health symptoms compared to respondents reporting no change in income. Conclusions Overall, mental health symptoms were higher in the three assessment areas compared to BRFSS reports, but lower than 2010 surveys. These results suggest that mental health services are still needed, particularly in households experiencing decreased income since the oil spill. ButtkeD, VagiS, SchnallA, BayleyegnT, MorrisonM, AllenM, WolkinA. Community assessment for public health emergency response (CASPER) one year following the Gulf Coast oil spill: Alabama and Mississippi, 2011. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(6):1-7.
Critical infrastructure impact assessment due to flood exposure

Critical national infrastructures, including energy, transport, digital communications, and water, are prone to flood damage. Their geographical extent is a determinant of, and is determined by, patterns of human development, which is often concentrated in floodplains. It is important to understand how infrastructure systems react to large‐scale flooding. In this paper, we present an integrated framework for critical infrastructure flood impact assessment. Within this integrated framework, we represent interdependent infrastructure assets through spatial network models. We quantify infrastructure flood impacts in terms of disrupted customers linked directly to flood assets and customers disrupted indirectly due to network effects. The analysis shows how spatial network models inform flood risk management practitioners to identify and compare critical infrastructures risks on flooded and non‐flooded land, for prioritising flood protection investments and improve resilience of cities. A case study of the Thames catchment in England is presented, which contains key infrastructure assets and highest population concentrations in United Kingdom.
Bone mineral density fall during aromatase inhibitor treatment may predict lower breast cancer recurrence

Abstract Purpose Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are associated with reduction in bone mineral density (BMD). The use of bone strengthening agents zoledronic acid and denosumab are associated with improved breast cancer outcomes for post‐menopausal patients treated with AIs. This study investigates whether change in BMD with AI therapy is associated with breast cancer recurrence. Methods A cohort of patients treated at a single institution diagnosed with hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer with baseline BMD and subsequent BMD test while receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy were studied. Demographic, treatment and outcome data was obtained. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate predictors of annual percent BMD change at the LS and hip. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modelling were undertaken to investigate predictors of breast cancer recurrence. Results 353 patients eligible patients were identified. In multivariate analysis of lumbar spine BMD change, the difference between those in quartile 1, which showed the greatest reduction in BMD, and quartile 3, with substantially less reduction, was significant (HR = 3.02, 95% CI 1.15–7.90 p = 0.025). Hip BMD reduction was also not significantly associated with breast cancer recurrence. The two quartiles with the least reduction in hip BMD showing a non‐significant reduced risk of recurrence relative to the quartile with the greatest (p = 0.10). Conclusions The findings suggest an association may exist between lumbar spine BMD change and breast cancer recurrence for patients treated with adjuvant AI. Further research is required to determine whether BMD change can be utilised as a biomarker.
Symptomatic pericardial cysts and dilemmas in their diagnosis

Pericardial cysts (PCs) or pleuropericardial cysts are rare congenital mediastinal lesions with an approximate incidence of one in 100 000 persons. Usually, they are asymptomatic, being incidentally discovered during a routine chest imaging examination or an autopsy exam. The study involved a retrospective evaluation of clinicopathological findings in a 6-year series of PCs, treated in the Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, Iaşi, Romania. A group of five cases of PCs, four females and one male, were evaluated. All patients displayed different symptoms, such as dyspnea, chest pain, chronic cough, fatigue, palpitation, and epigastric pain. The cystic lesions were located in the right and left cardiophrenic angle, in four cases, and in the central mediastinum in a single case. The lesions had a fluid content and a maximum diameter that ranged between 35 and 95 mm. The microscopic examination of the surgical resection tissues revealed a thin connective tissue wall without any associated smooth muscle cells. The loose connective tissue band was lined by a layer of mesothelial cells with no cellular atypia, which displayed discrete papillary projections, in one case. Although PCs are rare incidental findings, they should be considered in differential diagnoses of mediastinal cysts, especially as they are associated with non-specific symptoms. Furthermore, considering the possibility of development of severe complications, PCs should be thoroughly explored for suitable patients’ management.
Developing a risk management framework to improve public health outcomes by enumerating and serotyping Salmonella in ground turkey

Salmonella enterica continues to be a leading cause of foodborne morbidity worldwide. A quantitative risk assessment model was developed to evaluate the impact of pathogen enumeration and serotyping strategies on public health after consumption of undercooked contaminated ground turkey in the USA. The risk assessment model predicted more than 20,000 human illnesses annually that would result in ~700 annual reported cases. Removing ground turkey lots contaminated with Salmonella exceeding 10 MPN/g, 1 MPN/g, and 1 MPN/25 g would decrease the mean number of illnesses by 38.2, 73.1, and 95.0%, respectively. A three-class mixed sampling plan was tested to allow the detection of positive lots above threshold levels with 2–6 (c = 1) and 3–8 samples per lot (c = 2) using 25-g and 325-g sample sizes for a 95% probability of rejecting a contaminated lot. Removal of positive lots with the presence of highly virulent serotypes would decrease the number of illnesses by 44.2–87.0%. Based on these model prediction results, risk management strategies should incorporate pathogen enumeration and/or serotyping. This would have a direct impact on illness incidence linking public health outcomes with measurable food safety objectives, at the cost of diverting production lots.
The interplay of mentalization and epistemic trust: a protective mechanism against emotional dysregulation in adolescent internalizing symptoms

Mentalization is the ability to interpret actions as caused by intentional mental states. Moreover, mentalization facilitates the development of epistemic trust (ET), namely, the ability to evaluate social information as accurate, reliable, and relevant. Recent theoretical literature identifies mentalization as a protective factor, contrasting psychopathology and emotional dysregulation. However, few investigations have explored the concurrent associations between mentalization, ET and emotion dysregulation in the context of internalizing problems in adolescence. In the present study, 482 adolescents from the general population aged between 12 and 19 were assessed with the epistemic trust mistrust credulity questionnaire, the reflective functioning questionnaire- youth, the difficulties in emotion regulation scale, and the youth self-report. We tested the relationship between the variables through serial mediation models. Results showed that mentalization reduces internalizing problems via emotional dysregulation; ET is positively associated with mentalization but not symptomatology. Finally, both epistemic mistrust and epistemic credulity are significantly associated with internalizing symptomatology; those effects are mediated differently by difficulties in emotional regulation. In conclusion, the present study confirms mentalization’s role as a protective factor in developmental psychopathology. Nevertheless, exploring the role of the different epistemic stances guarantees a better understanding of psychopathological pathways in adolescence.
Nouvelles données sédimentologiques dans le Kimméridgien et le Tithonien du Boulonnais (France)

A new data set is acquired in the Late Kimmeridgian/Tithonian deposits of the Boulonnais. Comparison between the sequential organization and the organic matter content shows that the organic matter is preferentially preserved during maximum flooding periods in sequences where the amplitude of the paleobathymetric variations are at a maximum. The turnover from smectite to illite/kaolinite dominated clay assemblages occur mainly during periods of maximum downward shifts of sediment
Oculomotor randomness is higher in autistic children and increases with the severity of symptoms.

A variety of studies have suggested that at least some children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) view the world differently. Differences in gaze patterns as measured by eye tracking have been demonstrated during visual exploration of images and natural viewing of movies with social content. Here we analyzed the temporal randomness of saccades and blinks during natural viewing of movies, inspired by a recent measure of "randomness" applied to micro-movements of the hand and head in ASD (Torres et al., 2013; Torres & Denisova, 2016). We analyzed a large eye-tracking dataset of 189 ASD and 41 typically developing (TD) children (1-11 years old) who watched three movie clips with social content, each repeated twice. We found that oculomotor measures of randomness, obtained from gamma parameters of inter-saccade intervals (ISI) and blink duration distributions, were significantly higher in the ASD group compared with the TD group and were correlated with the ADOS comparison score, reflecting increased "randomness" in more severe cases. Moreover, these measures of randomness decreased with age, as well as with higher cognitive scores in both groups and were consistent across repeated viewing of each movie clip. Highly "random" eye movements in ASD children could be associated with high "neural variability" or noise, poor sensory-motor control, or weak engagement with the movies. These findings could contribute to the future development of oculomotor biomarkers as part of an integrative diagnostic tool for ASD.
Mineral Compositions and Their Environmental Implications in Reef of Shidao Island,Xisha

The reef carbonate rocks of well Xike-1are analyzed for mineral compositions to explore the development process of reef and paleo-ocean environmental changes.It is found that carbonate minerals in the core of well Xike-1are mainly composed of calcite(low-Mg and high-Mg),aragonite and dolomite.Mineral characteristics suggest that there is an important stratigraghic or environmental change interface at the core depth of 35.4m. Five dolomite layers have been identified in the core(0-748m)including one layer(289.3-312.3mcore depth)in the Yinggehai Formation of Pliocene,three layers(373.3-412.7m,424.7-450.6mand 469.70-564.96mrespectively)in Huangliu Formation of Upper Miocene,and one layer(615.20-636.96m)in the Meishan Formation of Middle Miocene.The biggest value of dolomite contents varies from 79.3%to 100%,indicating dolomitization difference in different dolomite layers.The development of the reef is mainly controlled by paleo-ocean environment changes and dolomitization of island reef is associated with sea-level changes controlled by paleoclimate events,such as the formation of ice sheet in Arctic in Pliocene,Messinian event in Late Miocene and expansion of ice sheet in Antarctic in Middle Miocene.The five dolomite layers should have been developed during a long-term stable environment mainly by the lagoon seepage-refluction model and possibly by mixed-water model.
Systematic review of cost-effectiveness in breast reconstruction: deep inferior epigastric perforator flap vs. implant-based breast reconstruction.

BACKGROUND There are several techniques for reconstructing breasts after mastectomy, but little scientific evidence for which technique is superior. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the cost-effectiveness of implant-based and autologous reconstruction and to evaluate the overall certainty of evidence, as well as the quality of reporting of the included studies. METHODS Studies investigating the cost-effectiveness of breast reconstruction with a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap compared to implant-based reconstruction, meeting criteria defined in a PICO (population, intervention, comparison, and outcome), were included. Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, CinahL, EconLit, and NHS EED databases were searched. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence, and the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standard (CHEERS) 2022 was used to evaluate the quality of reporting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A total of 256 abstracts were retrieved from the search, and after scrutiny, seven studies were included. The findings of this present systematic review should be interpreted with caution as the overall certainty of evidence is low (GRADE ƟƟОО). The included studies suggest that DIEP-flaps are cost-effective compared with implant-based breast reconstruction when the applied cost-effectiveness thresholds of $50,000 to $100,000 per quality-adjusted life years are used. It is noteworthy that no high level evidence exists regarding cost-effeciency, to support recommendations and decision in breast reconstruction. Methodological issues that can be improved in future studies are presented.