Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preferential loss of Yukon River delta colored dissolved organic matter under nutrient replete conditions

The Yukon River exports a large amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), much of which is colored, absorbing visible and ultraviolet light. Yukon River water typically has low total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), with an average DOC : TDN ratio of 21.1 (mol C mol N−1) ~ 200 km upstream from the coast at Pilot Station, Alaska. TDN has been correlated to the bioavailability of DOC, but a direct estimate of the dependence of DOC reactivity on nutrient availability has not been conducted in the Yukon River delta. The biodegradability of DOC and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) was assessed along a gradient within the Yukon River delta and into the coastal ocean. Samples were dark incubated at 20°C and half of the incubations were amended with inorganic nutrients. At five time points through 27 d, CDOM absorption and DOC concentration were measured. Initial DOC concentration was 113–830 μmol C L−1 and CDOM absorption at 443 nm (a443) ranged from 0.16 to 7.8 m−1 from the ocean to a high CDOM lake. DOC was relatively unreactive, with 3–6% of DOC degrading in riverine samples and little difference between nutrient amended and control incubations. Control river delta a443 decreased 3–10%, while nutrient amended treatments saw a 6–22% decline over 27 d. In the nutrient amended riverine stations, CDOM absorption loss was greater at blue wavelengths and CDOM degradation was greater than total DOC loss. DOC was resistant to biodegradation in both nutrient amended and ambient conditions, while CDOM was preferentially degraded when nutrients were replete.
Treatment Outcome With Fosravuconazole L-lysine Ethanolate (F-RVCZ) for Onychomycosis

Fosravuconazole L-lysine ethanolate (F-RVCZ), a ravuconazole prodrug, is a newly available agent with high expectations for efficacy in the treatment of onychomycosis. However, clinical data regarding the efficacy of F-RVCZ are limited because the drug was launched only in Japan in 2018. Therefore, we analyzed the outcome of F-RVCZ therapy in the treatment of onychomycosis at outpatient dermatology clinics in Japan. We examined data for 109 patients (68 male, 41 female) with varying clinical type, including total dystrophic onychomycosis and dermatophytoma, and a wide range of age groups, including the elderly. The complete cure rate at 12 weeks was 6.4% (7/109) and 67.9% (74/109) at the last visit (mean time to last visit: 32±14.2 weeks). Mean rate of improvement in the affected nail area was 49.1±23.3% at 12 weeks and 86.8±22.4% at the last visit. Efficacy at 12 weeks and the last visit, respectively, was as follows: none, 4 cases and 1 case; slight, 35 cases and 4 cases; moderate, 51 cases and 21 cases; significant, 12 cases and 9 cases; complete cure, 7 cases and 74 cases. There were no serious adverse events. This retrospective survey was the first large-scale analysis of actual clinical practice outcomes and had minimal exclusions. Compared to previous reports, our results demonstrated excellent efficacy of F-RVCZ therapy in a variety of patients. Considering our results and the ease of oral administration (1 capsule/day for 12 weeks) and few adverse events, F-RVCZ therapy appears to be a useful option for the treatment of onychomycosis.
Permeability and rheological properties of microbially and chemically acidified skim-milk gels

An exploratory study was done to establish the main factors determining the consistency of stirred yoghurt. Four types of 'yoghurt' were studied. Three types were produced by microbial acidification with the commercial NIZO yoghurt cultures code RR (known as ropy), code 1St (known as moderately ropy) and code LL (known as non-ropy). The fourth type was made by chemical acidification with glucono-δ-lactone (GDL). The apparent viscosity of the stirred yoghurt increased with the ropiness of the culture. However, no clear correlation between this apparent viscosity and the concentration of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by the different cultures was found. The concentration of isolated EPS was low. It appeared that EPS concentration cannot alone explain the effect of ropiness on the apparent viscosity of yoghurt. Therefore, the gel structure before stirring was studied, applying dynamic rheological and permeability measurements. The pH at which gelation occurred was equal for all gel types. The storage modulus G', the loss modulus G and tan δ (= G/G') were, at small deformation, equal for all gels at angular frequencies between 10 3 and 100 rad/s. This would imply that the protein-protein interactions were predominant for the linear rheological behaviour of the gels and that EPS does not play a part within the protein network. Only at large deformation were differences seen between the four gel types. Macroscopic damage occurred at a smaller deformation in GDL gels than in microbially acidified gels. At large deformation, the non-linear G a measure of the viscous properties - was positively correlated with the apparent viscosity of the stirred yoghurt. The permeabilities of GDL, RR, 1St and LL gels were significantly different, with the highest values for the non-ropy GDL gels and the lowest for the ropy RR gels. The permeability and apparent viscosity of the stirred gels seem to be inversely related. The results in this paper suggest that the spatial structure of the protein network may be an important factor determining the apparent viscosity of the stirred gels.
Health-care Accessibility Assessment in Kazakhstan

BACKGROUND: Global health initiatives such as health for all and universal health coverage aim to improve access to health care. These goals require constant comprehensive monitoring to eliminate inequalities in the availability of health care. AIM: The purpose of our study was to assess the physical availability of medical care in Kazakhstan. METHODS: A descriptive study based on a Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) general availability index calculation that used secondary data as a source of information. RESULTS: The general availability index calculated for the regions of Kazakhstan ranged from 95% to 100%. When considering individual indicators of the index, decrease trends of the volume of inpatient care were identified. Outpatient care had fluctuations with values better than benchmark after 2009. Stable upward trend illustrates positive picture of core health personnel. CONCLUSION: According to the SARA availability index, it can be concluded that health care in Kazakhstan exceeds the threshold values and is available in all regions. Trends for individual indicators of the index should be studied in more detail, taking into account the influence of health policy and other factors.
Achieving Sustainable Development Goals 2016-2030 in Nigeria through Female Enrolment into Electrical/Electronics Engineering Trade in Technical Colleges of Adamawa State

Purpose: This study investigated female enrolment into electrical/electronics engineering trade in technical colleges of Adamawa State in order to suggest ways of augmenting it for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2016-2030. Approach/ Methodology/ Design: Two research questions and two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The sample of the study comprised of 38 teachers and 140 parents. A 50-item Female Enrolment in Electrical/Electronics Engineering Trade (FEEET) Questionnaire was developed by the researchers and used for data collection. The questionnaire was validated by three experts from the Department of Electrical Technology Education, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State. Reliability co-efficient of 0.81 was obtained for the instrument using Cronbach’s Alpha reliability method. Mean statistic was used to answer the two research questions while z-test statistics was used to test the two hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings: The findings of the study revealed that inadequate knowledge on female participation in electrical/electronics engineering trade, hazards involved in working with electricity, and poor gender policy implementation among others were factors affecting female enrolment into the programme. Establishment of electrical/electronics engineering trade skill acquisition centres for females and provision of starter packs for female graduates of electrical/electronics engineering trade among others were strategies identified for improving female enrolment into the programme. Practical Implication: The study has practical implications for achieving sustainable development goals in Nigeria. A sustainable financing scheme for the female trainees of electrical/electronics engineering trade should be established in order to boost their interests in the programme. Originality/Value: The study identified that inadequate knowledge on female participation in electrical/electronics engineering trade, hazards involved in working with electricity, societal perception about electricity, cultural sanctions on women, early marriages, and poor gender policy implementation are the main factors that affect female enrolment in technical colleges in Nigeria.
Mandatory Internal Control Audits, Audit Adjustments, and Financial Reporting Quality: Evidence from China

This study examines whether audit adjustments are a mechanism that links the effect of mandatory internal control audits (MICAs) on financial reporting quality. We argue that the requirement for auditors to publicly disclose internal control weaknesses exacerbated auditor-client conflicts and that this resulted in auditors being less likely to detect (and correct) misstatements in their clients’ pre-audit financial statements. Consistent with this argument, we find significant reductions in audit adjustments following the staggered introduction of MICAs in the China setting. We find the reductions in audit adjustments are associated with significant increases in material misstatements following the introduction of MICAs. In contrast, we find that the introduction of MICAs led to a significant reduction in material misstatements among clients that did not experience reductions in audit adjustments. Overall, the two effects offset each other, which explains why financial reporting quality did not improve on average following the introduction of MICAs.
Event-Triggered Control for Nonlinear Time-Delay Systems

This article studies the event-triggered control problem of general nonlinear systems with time delay. A novel event-triggering scheme is presented with two tunable design parameters, based on a Lyapunov functional result for the input-to-state stability of time-delay systems. The proposed event-triggered control algorithm guarantees the resulting closed-loop systems to be globally asymptotically stable, uniformly bounded, and/or globally attractive for different choices of these parameters. Sufficient conditions on the parameters are derived to exclude Zeno behavior. Two illustrative examples are studied to demonstrate our theoretical results.
Using Domain-Specific Models to Facilitate Model-Based Systems-Engineering: Development Process Design Modeling with OPM and PROVE

Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approaches are a step forward in the evolution of computer-aided engineering, and yet, they often incorporate deficiencies that may jeopardize their practical utility and usability, as well as the validity of the resulting models. We demonstrate how a domain-specific modeling approach can relieve some hurdles in adopting MBSE, and how it can be used in tandem with a general-purpose modeling approach to augment and introduce rigor to models. Specifically, we demonstrate the consequences of theoretical issues that were previously identified in Object Process Methodology and suggest an approach to solve them. We use a generalized case-study—derived from extensive process modeling in both academia and industry—to show that a domain-specific model can significantly relax the user’s modeling effort. This demonstration is based on two quantitative metrics: the number of representational elements and available modeling tactics. We discuss the contribution of our approach to model quality, particularly with respect to its rigor and communicability.
Middle Triassic lower crust‐derived adakitic magmatism: Thickening of the Dananhu intra‐oceanic arc and its implications for arc–arc amalgamation in the Eastern Tianshan (NW China)

The timing and mechanism of the closure of the Palaeo‐Asian Ocean are problematic and controversial. To help resolve these problems, we report geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic data from mid‐Triassic adakitic intrusions in the Eastern Tianshan, NW China. U–Pb dating shows that the adakitic intrusions formed at 243–234 Ma. These mid‐Triassic adakitic intrusions are characterized by high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, low Yb and Y, and positive εNd (t) (+3.12 − +4.71) and low (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.703956–0.704487) values. However, they have high K and low A/NK values (1.16–1.71), relatively low MgO (0.43–1.81 wt%) contents, and Mg# (44–61), low abundances of compatible elements (Cr = 4.09–16.69 ppm, Ni = 2.02–8.03 ppm), which are different from the typical slab‐melting adakites. These features indicate that they were derived from the partial melting of the relatively depleted thickened lower crust. Our new geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic data integrated with the established amalgamation of nearby arcs lead us to conclude that the adakitic intrusions were most likely generated by partial melting of the tectonically thickened (>40 km) juvenile Dananhu intra‐oceanic arc and, therefore, the Kanguer branch of the Palaeo‐Asian Ocean closed since ca. 234 Ma.
Assessment of Health Information System Change Resistance

This study investigates user perception and resistance against change in the Hospital Information System (HIS) change. A quantitative approach with a survey was applied to determine perception and resistance ofvgroups.The results were compared with each other: the percentage of innovators (32%), the percentage of early adopters (21%), the percentage of early majority (31%), and the percentage of late majority (12%), and the percentage of laggards (4%). Acceptance differs due to financial reasons. The resistance differs according to the employees’ status. IT developments, management supported security and privacy rules increase employee performance and acceptance. For resistance, there has been a significant difference feedback of employees is required, and functional needs reduce resistance. Hospitals need to use new and up-to-date information technology in order to serve effective patient care with valid standards.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Training outcomes for Grade R teachers in an urban and semi-rural context

As a result, learners with ADHD are more difficult to manage in a classroom setting than their typically developing peers. These learners appear not to listen, tend to be restless, disturb other learners in the classroom and are often not accepted by their peers (Procaccini 2013). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is, therefore, mainly characterised by inappropriate levels of inattention or hyperactive-impulsivity (Schellack & Meyer 2012). It is a common psychiatric disorder identified and diagnosed in preschool children (De Jongh et al. 2019; Suvarna & Kamath 2009). Learners with ADHD may present with phonological awareness (PA) problems, which is a component of emergent literacy and a prerequisite for the development of reading and writing (De Jongh 2017).
Phase Transformations of Optically Levitated Microparticles of Atmospheric Relevance

The phase state and water content of atmospheric particles influences climate, air quality, and the hydrologic cycle through impacts on particle optical properties, heterogeneous chemistry, and the partitioning of water between the particle and gas phase. A significant fraction of liquid atmospheric particles contain soluble inorganic compounds that can undergo efflorescence, i.e., the process of particle crystallization with concurrent loss of particle-phase water. Despite the importance of particle phase state, there is no comprehensive understanding of particle crystallization and empirical observations are a necessity. In the laboratory studies presented here, phase transformations of aqueous and crystalline inorganic microparticles were studied using a novel long-working distance optical trap. The optical trap was developed with the motivation of probing crystallization induced by particle collisions (coagulation). A key result from these studies was the first observations of a previously unexplored particle crystallization pathway that we termed “contact efflorescence”. Contact efflorescence describes the crystallization of a metastable aqueous microdroplet initiated by surface contact with an externally located particle. These studies demonstrate that upon a single collision, contact efflorescence is a pathway for crystallization of atmospherically relevant aqueous particles at high ambient relative humidity (≤80%). The occurrence of contact efflorescence is demonstrated using soluble crystalline contact nuclei as well as amorphous (non-crystalline) organic contact nuclei. These results point toward a transient
Manifestações bucais em pacientes oncológicos

Objetivos: Considerando a alta prevalencia do câncer, o presente estudo teve como intuito identificar as principais manifestacoes bucais em pacientes submetidos a tratamento antineoplasico. Materiais e Metodos: A amostra foi constituida por individuos portadores de neoplasia maligna submetidos ao tratamento antineoplasico, quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia. Os quais responderam a um questionario, passaram por exame clinico e receberam orientacoes sobre o diagnostico e o tratamento das manifestacoes bucais. Resultados: Foram avaliados 57 participantes com idade media de 56 anos, dentre os quais, a maioria foi submetida a cirurgia associada a radioterapia e quimioterapia e ainda nao haviam finalizado. No exame clinico foi identificado que 91,3% dos pacientes apresentaram pelo menos uma manifestacao bucal decorrente do tratamento antineoplasico, sendo a xerostomia (21,0%) e a mucosite (12,3%) as manifestacoes de maior incidencia durante a realizacao do tratamento. Alem disso, apenas 14,0% dos participantes relataram terem tido acompanhamento odontologico durante o tratamento oncologico. Conclusoes: Diante da incidencia relevante das manifestacoes bucais identificadas nos participantes deste estudo, sugere-se que a participacao do cirurgiao-dentista durante e apos a realizacao do tratamento antineoplasico e imprescindivel.
Effects of Climate on Fruit Growth and Development on Olive Oil Quality in Cultivar Carolea

Trees of the olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivar Carolea grown in Calabria (Italy) in three sites with different main climate traits (temperatures, rainfall, Growth Degree Days seasonal variations) were studied for three years to see the ripening time course and quality of the oils. The optimal harvesting time for obtaining the best-quality olive oils was defined for each site. The effect on quality indexes of three harvesting periods was also considered, linking this to the observed various thermal regimes. The different climates largely affected the growth and the development of fruits and the quality of obtained oils. Lower temperatures and higher rainfall slow down fruit growth and development and delay ripening. Olive oils of good quality (free acidity, fatty acid composition, antioxidant components and oxidative stability were obtained in the site with lower temperatures and higher rainfall when fruits were still yellow-green ripe and had a detachment index between 1.9 and 1.5. Climate change, evidenced by rising temperatures, led to the movement of olive groves from the high-temperature coastal plain to the intern foothills.
Diapycnal Mixing in the Subthermocline of the Mariana Ridge from High-Resolution Seismic Images

The Mariana Ridge is one of the prominent mixing hotspots of the open ocean. The high-resolution underway marine seismic reflection technique provides an improved understanding of the spatiotemporal continuous map of ocean turbulent mixing. Using this novel technique, this study quantifies the diapycnal diffusivity of the subthermocline (300–1200-m depth) turbulence around the Mariana Ridge. The autotracked wave fields on seismic images allow us to derive the dissipation rate ε and diapycnal diffusivity Kρ based on the Batchelor model, which relates the horizontal slope spectra with +1/3 slope to the inertial convective turbulence regime. Diffusivity is locally intensified around the seamounts exceeding 10−3 m2 s−1 and gradually decreases to 10−5–10−4 m2 s−1 in ~60-km range, a distance that may be associated with the internal tide beam emanating paths. The overall pattern suggests a large portion of the energy dissipates locally and a significant portion dissipates in the far field. Empirical diffusivity models Kρ(x) and Kρ(z), varying with the distance from seamounts and the height above seafloor, respectively, are constructed for potential use in ocean model parameterization. Geographic distributions of both the vertically averaged dissipation rate and diffusivity show tight relationships with the topography. Additionally, a strong agreement of the dissipation results between seismic observation and numerical simulation is found for the first time. Such an agreement confirms the suitability of the seismic method in turbulence quantification and suggests the energy cascade from large-scale tides to small-scale turbulence via possible mechanisms of local direct tidal dissipation, near-local wave–wave interactions, and far-field radiating and breaking.
The Discovery of Asian Fish Tapeworm (Schyzocotyle Acheilognathi) and Schyzocotyle Sp. In Western Australia May Pose a Threat to the Health of Endemic Native Fishes

PurposeThe Asian fish tapeworm (Schyzocotyle acheilognathi) is an important fish parasite with a wide host range that infects over 300 species of fish worldwide. Schyzocotyle acheilognathi has been reported from eastern coastal areas of Australia, but has not been previously reported in Western Australia (WA). MethodsDuring a control program for invasive freshwater fishes in south-western WA, a region with a unique and highly endangered freshwater fish fauna, tapeworms identified as S. acheilognathi from their distinctive scolex morphology were found at a prevalence of 3.3% in goldfish (Carassius auratus), 37.0% in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus), and 65.0% in eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). For molecular confirmation, the 18S rRNA gene was targeted at hypervariable region V4 using conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing.ResultsKoi carp isolates were 100.0% identical to S. acheilognathi isolated from varying hosts including the red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) and a human sample. Sequences from two eastern mosquitofish were identified as S. acheilognathi, but formed a discrete subclass and may represent a novel genotype. Isolates from two other eastern mosquitofish and two goldfish formed a distinct clade with only 91.9% similarity to previously sequenced isolates of S. acheilognathi, indicating a potentially novel Schyzocotyle species. ConclusionThis emphasises the importance of molecular identification methods in addition to morphological identification. The presence and potential for spread of these parasites in south-western WA may threaten the health of native fishes, which are immunologically naïve to this introduced parasite. Immediate control or containment measures should be implemented to halt the spread of these parasites.