Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth and yield response of groundnut [Arachis hypogaea (Linn.)] under Meloidogyne incognita infection to furfural synthesised from agro-cellulosic materials

Groundnut is widely cultivated for its edible oil. A constraint to production is infestation by plant parasitic nematodes. Synthetic nematicides are employed in suppression of soil nematodes, with effective outcome. However, risk of emergence of resistant nematode strains and health hazards are associated with constant use of nematicides. Hence, there is a need for identifying safer alternatives to synthetic nematicides. Huge quantities of lignocellulosic wastes are generated from harvesting and processing of agricultural products in Nigeria. Colossal amount of resources is wasted through burning and decomposition, which at the same time translates to environmental pollution and public nuisance. These wastes can be utilized positively in the production of furfural. Efficacy of furfural from agricultural biomass waste was investigated as a possible alternative to conventional synthetic nematicides. Agricultural biomass wastes were collected and refluxed with sulphuric acid to produce furfural. Growth response of groundnut plants increased significantly with the highest dose (50 mL) of furfural. Reduction in nematode population in soil and roots of treated plants was observed, with corresponding increase in yield at harvest. Furfural from sorghum husk and corn cob reduced nematode population significantly. Results indicated that furfural could be practically applied in the management of nematode pests of groundnut.
A machine learning approach to identify correlates of current e-cigarette use in Canada

Aim: Popularity of electronic cigarettes (i.e. e-cigarettes) is soaring in Canada. Understanding person-level correlates of current e-cigarette use (vaping) is crucial to guide tobacco policy, but prior studies have not fully identified these correlates due to model overfitting caused by multicollinearity. This study addressed this issue by using classification tree, a machine learning algorithm. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study used the Canadian Tobacco, Alcohol, and Drugs Survey (CTADS) from 2017 that targeted residents aged 15 or older. Forty-six person-level characteristics were first screened in a logistic mixed-effects regression procedure for their strength in predicting vaper type (current vs. former vaper) among people who reported to have ever vaped. A 9:1 ratio was used to randomly split the data into a training set and a validation set. A classification tree model was developed using the cross-validation method on the training set using the selected predictors and assessed on the validation set using sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Results: Of the 3,059 people with an experience of vaping, the average age was 24.4 years (standard deviation = 11.0), with 41.9% of them being female and 8.5% of them being aboriginal. There were 556 (18.2%) current vapers. The classification tree model performed relatively well and suggested attraction to e-cigarette flavors was the most important correlate of current vaping, followed by young age (< 18) and believing vaping to be less harmful to oneself than cigarette smoking. Conclusions: People who vape due to flavors are associated with very high risk of becoming current vapers. The findings of this study provide evidence that supports the ongoing ban on flavored vaping products in the US and suggests a similar regulatory intervention may be effective in Canada. Open Access Original Article © The Author(s) 2021. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Exploration of Medicine
Faces and Sounds Becoming One: Cross-Modal Integration of Facial and Auditory Cues in Judging Trustworthiness

Face processing has mainly been investigated by presenting facial expressions without any contextual information. However, in everyday interactions with others, the sight of a face is often accompanied by contextual cues that are processed either visually or under different sensory modalities. Here, we tested whether the perceived trustworthiness of a face is influenced by the auditory context in which that face is embedded. In Experiment 1, participants evaluated trustworthiness from faces that were surrounded by either threatening or non-threatening auditory contexts. Results showed that faces were judged more untrustworthy when accompanied by threatening auditory information. Experiment 2 replicated the effect in a design that disentangled the effects of threatening contexts from negative contexts in general. Thus, perceiving facial trustworthiness involves a cross-modal integration of the face and the level of threat posed by the surrounding context.
Full-Depth Reclamation Method for Rehabilitation of Streets Pavement in City of Sirjan: Mix Design and Bearing Capacity

This paper aims to evaluate the full-depth reclamation (FDR) technique for the improvement of urban streets in the city of Sirjan from a technical standpoint. Also, experimental results of soil-reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) blend stabilized with Portland cement has been represented. The experimental program of this research includes two phases. The first phase includes geotechnical investigation of different pavement layers for assessment of the quality of existing materials and estimation of a structural number of existing pavements, and the second phase includes determination of optimum mix design for the recycled layer (stabilized soil-RAP blend). To this end, unconfined compressive strength and density tests were conducted on several soil/RAP ratios of 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, and 40/60. For each blend, different percentages of Portland cement were mixed to soil/RAP blends and cured for 7 and 28 days. Results showed that by adding RAP to virgin soil, unconfined compression strength and optimum moisture content of stabilized samples decrease. Furthermore, the addition of Portland cement to the mixture increases compressive strength and decreases optimum moisture content. The results of this study also show the significant ability of FDR to increase the structural number of distressed pavements.
Shift in Style with the Shift of Gender: Exploring Gender Based Style Differences in ESL Writing.

The present study examines the difference in ESL academic writing of boys' and girls' in their written assignments. It aims at exploring differences in ESL writing based on the variable of gender. The data site for this study was a Diploma class at the Department of English FC, NUML Islamabad, where it was collected from 24 participants, i.e., 12 boys and 12 girls, who were asked to write an essay. The conceptual framework of Swan (1992) underpins the present study. The data were analyzed through a qualitative and quantitative method. The study found that the subtopics highlighted in their writings were different and approached variedly. The study also showed that the girls' writings are more reflective and subjective, and they made use of personal pronouns more often, whereas boys prefer being objective and used a third-person pronoun. Also, their writings were more fact and figure based, which was absent in the essays written by girls.
The Effect of Health Infrastructure, Adult Literacy, and Household Characteristics on Antenatal Care (ANC) Coverage in Punjab (Pakistan)

The Effect of Health Infrastructure, Adult Literacy, and Household Characteristics on Antenatal Care (ANC) Coverage in Punjab (Pakistan) Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad, Saima Shafiq, Kokab Kiran, Amna Alamgir 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Email: tusawar.iftikhar@iub.edu. pk 1 Former Student, Department of Economics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Email: saimashafiq779@gmail.com 1 MPhil Student, Department of Economics and Visiting Lecturer in Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Email: kokabkiran6@gmail.com 1 Former Student, Department of Management Sciences, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Email: amnairradut@gmail.com
A Robust Fuzzy Observer-Based Control with Reference State Model and Unmeasurable Premise Variables: Application to a Biological Process

: This paper proposes a new procedure for the design of a robust fuzzy observer-based tracking controller for nonlinear systems using Takagi-Sugeno (TS) formalism. A reference state model is considered and the premise variables are considered inaccessible to measurement. In order to ensure the global stability and to minimize efficiently the effect of the disturbance affecting the tracking performances of the closed loop system and the observer, in addition to the Lyapunov approach, the H _∞ norm is used. The controller and the observer design are developed in a single step and new sufficient conditions are obtained and given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The application on a biological process in simulation studies is provided to explain the tracking control design procedure and to prove the efficiency of the proposed approach.
INFLUENCE OF SERVICE QUALITY, CORPORATE IMAGE, AND RELATIONSHIP MARKETING ON FARMER LOYALTY

This research aimed to analyze the influence of service quality, corporate image, and relationship marketing on farmer loyalty. The respondents were sugarcane farmers in Kediri, East Java. Primary data were collected through questionnaires containing statements to be responded directly. A total of 119 farmers in this study were selected using purposive sampling. The analysis was done using WarpPLS 7.0 software to solve the structural equation model. The results proved that service quality, corporate image, and relationship marketing have significant influence on farmer loyalty. Service quality has the most considerable path coefficient value, followed by corporate image and relationship marketing.
Coherent collective dynamics in phospholipid membranes: where are we now?

We review the main achievements accomplished in the study of the coherent collective dynamics of phospholipid membranes, i.e. , the collective vibrational excitations active on the sub-picoseconds to picoseconds time scale and terahertz frequencies, over a length scale comparable to the angstrom length scale. The first descriptions of the terahertz collective spectrum, mainly assigned to a single longitudinal acoustic-like mode similarly to simple liquids, have been progressively replaced by a complex scenario, with longitudinal and transverse acoustic-like and optic-like inelastic excitations. Complex phenomena (avoided crossing mechanisms between modes, a phonon gap introduced by the disorder and a slow- to fast-sound transition) have been highlighted in the dispersion curves of lipid bilayers. Systematic and comprehensive studies along the lines of the investigations reviewed here contribute to understand the role of the collective (coherent) chain dynamics in the passive transport across bilayers, in the formation of water wires inside dynamic defects in lipid bilayers and in other biological functions of biomembranes.
A Comparative Study of Biochemical and Hematological Parameter in Non Dialysis Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Introduction: CKD patients are at higher risk for development of anemia and decline in liver function associated with increased mortality rate. This study was conducted to access the hematological and liver parameters in DD-CKD and NDD-CKD patients. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 419 CKD patients attending Sumeru Hospital, Nepal. Among them 147 were dialysis dependent and 272 were non dialysis dependent CKD and its stages were diagnosed based on eGFR (CKD-EPI). Hematological, biochemical profile and viral infection were determined. ALT and Aspartate-Platelet ratio index were used respectively for the identification of hepatotoxicity and liver fibrosis. Result: The Hb concentration, Platelets count, ALT and AST in DD-CKD patients (9.06 g/dL, 191 x 10 9 Cells/L, 23U/L and 15 U/L) were lower as compared to NDDCKD patients (12.41 g/dL, 206 x 10 9 Cells/L, 29 U/L and 25.5 U/L). ALP was significantly increased in DD-CKD (141 U/L) as compared to ND-CKD (99 U/L). In addition, the occurrence of HCV and HBV infection was 3.1% each and HIV was 2.6%. Furthermore, the frequency of hepatotoxicity and liver fibrosis were found to be 12.9% and 8.1% respectively. The Pearson correlation of eGFR with Hb, Platelets, ALT, MCV, MCH were positively correlated whereas, it was negatively correlated with total WBC count and ALP. Conclusion: The severity of anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and liver deterioration increases along with the increasing severity of CKD and the severity are at highest in DD-CKD as compared to NDD-CKD patients.
Electrochemical exfoliation-streamline method for synthesis of nitrogen doped graphene

2 Faculty of Material Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 14/24 Azenes Street, 1048 Riga, Latvia Graphene was discovered in the early 21st century, but has already proven itself in many applications – energy, medicine, electronics, food and sports, and more. Functionalization of nanostructured carbon materials with both non-metallic and metallic atoms is possible in various ways, imparting enhanced or new properties to the starting material, even catalytic activity. A method of electrochemical exfoliation was used to obtain the graphene sheets and simultaneously functionalize them with nitrogen. To ensure N-doping the process is done in a NaN3 electrolyte solution which provides less quantity of oxygen groups that tend to block defect sites on the graphene, compared with such solvents as NaNO2. Two graphite electrodes are inserted into the electrolyte and a pulse power of 0–10V is applied. The solution containing the obtained material is filtered through a 0.1 μm filter and dried. The material is characterized using SEM, XRD and XPS. In the XPS characterization graphene oxide is used as a reference material.
TIME SERIES MODELLING ALGORITHM FOR PREDICTION OF EARTHQUAKES IN NEPAL

The regression analysis, time series, logistic models, neural networks, the Bayesian belief network, and decision trees, are associated with big data, data mining research, algorithm not only to help forecasting but also used for prediction of earthquake. Seismic wave propagation in the form of the earth's crust, is responsible for earthquake occurrences and depends on associated variables and is to be determined from records obtained and received form Nepal Meteorology Department having different factors like depth, magnitude, location, latitude, longitude etc. by mining methods and results are then evaluated thoroughly. This paper focuses on implication of seismic pattern, trends, association, comparison of earthquake occurrences on statistical data, using time series mining. This paper also studies and correlates various factors with the seismic activity for predicting occurrences of earthquake by developing machine learning models through visualizing time series pattern. It recognizes a strong pattern and orchestrates earthquake prediction. The machine learning method used Python programming to generate accurate graphs neural networks modelling and explains overfitting, stationarity and parsimony features for earthquake prediction. Data is in a non-linear relationship uses curved fitting regression. In this study, the comparative results of seismic time series are analyzed at testing point and prediction point. To keep down the destruction by earthquake expert decision systems by Neural network can be developed only using seismic time series analysis having different factors which can be a good study and explanation to develop an algorithm using the following methodology Auto regression (AR), Moving Average (MA), Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving-Average (SARIMA).
Evaluation Efficacy of Some Agents as Safe Alternatives to Fungicides in Management Root-rot and Wilt Diseases of Artemisia absinthium and A. santonicum

This study was planned to evaluate biocides, elicitors and essential oils as alternative agents to fungicides against root rot and wilt diseases of wormwood plants. Fusarium oxysporum, F. semitectum, F. solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani were isolated from infected plants with root and stem rot and wilt diseases.Infected plants were collected from different localities of Qaluobiya governorate. Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani and R. solani were the most pathogenic fungi to A. santonicum unrooted cuttings in pathogenicity trials, while F. solani and P. ultimum were the most pathogenic fungi to A. absinthium unrooted cuttings. Also, both Artemisia species were infected by other isolated fungi. In vitro study showed that garlic essential oil and elicitor (H2O2) were the most active treatments against all tested fungi. Under greenhouse conditions, carbendazim (fungicide) and H2O2 completely prevented infection of A. santonicum rooted and unrooted cuttings in the presence of F. oxysporum. Also, carbendazim (fungicide) and H2O2 completely prevented infection of A. absinthiumrooted and unrooted cuttings in the presence of P. ultimum. Bio-Cure F and garlic essential oilwere superior treatments to improve plant growth parameters (plant height, number of branches and fresh and dry weights), also, Bio-Cure F and H2O2 were the best treatments in improving essential oil yield of both Artemisia species. In conclusion, using any of Bio-Cure F (biocide) or H2O2 or garlic essential oil as safe alternative to fungicide agents against root rot and wilt diseases to plants of Artemisia absinthium and A. santonicum is preferable.
GENETIC PARAMETERS OF SOME SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH) GENOTYPES UNDER WATER DEFICIT STRESS

orghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) has a mighty adaptation possibility, which are important parameters of genotypes growing in severe conditions. This study focused on the differential responses of six genotypes under two levels of water deficit (20 and 40% decrease in water rate) compared with normal conditions during two seasons. Variance components and tolerance indices under different environments provide new chances for breeders to select genotypes, which have high yielding and are stress tolerant. The results showed the superiority in the performance of Shandawil variety under normal conditions, while Line 3 showed a marked superiority under high drought stress compared to other genotypes. The results of the variance components of most studied traits showed that the major contribution in phenotypic performance is due to the genetic variation. According to heritability in broad sense, the values ranged from 27.82 to 99.12%. With regard to the genetic advances, the results showed a clear discrepancy among the studied traits, as the characteristics of the plant height, fresh weight and grain yield of the plant recorded the highest genetic advance, while chlorophyll content recorded the lowest genetic advance of the plants.
Simulated stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum

Abstract. The response of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) to freshwater perturbations critically depends on its mean state. Large swaths of icebergs melting in the North Atlantic during the last deglaciation constituted such perturbations and can, thus, provide important constraints on the stability of the AMOC. However, the mean AMOC state during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), preceding the rapid disintegration of the ice sheets during the deglaciation, as well as its response to these perturbations remain debated. Here, we investigate the evolution of the AMOC as it responds to freshwater perturbations under improved LGM boundary conditions in the Bern3D intermediate complexity model. Particularly, we consider the effect of an open versus a closed Bering Strait and the effect of increased tidal dissipation as a result of the altered bathymetry due to the lower glacial sea level stand. The vigorous and deep AMOC under these glacial boundary conditions, consistent with previous simulations with different models, reacts more strongly to North Atlantic freshwater forcings than under preindustrial conditions. This increased sensitivity is mostly related to the closed Bering Strait that cuts off the freshwater escape route through the Arctic into the Pacific, thereby facilitating faster accumulation of freshwater in the North Atlantic and halting deep-water formation. Proxy reconstructions of the LGM AMOC instead indicate a weaker and possibly shallower AMOC than today, which is in conflict with the particularly strong and deep circulation states coherently simulated with ocean circulation models for the LGM. Simulations with reduced North Atlantic deep-water formation, as a consequence of potentially increased continental runoff from ice sheet melt and imposed changes in the hydrological cycle, more closely resemble the overturning circulation inferred from proxies. These circulation states also show bistable behavior, where the AMOC does not recover after North Atlantic freshwater hosing. However, no AMOC states are found here that either comprise an extreme shoaling or vigorous and concurrent shallow overturning as previously proposed based on paleoceanographic data.
Effect of the Addition of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash on the Compaction Properties of a Granular Material Type Hydraulic Base

In the present investigation 8 soil samples were studied, with additions of 5 and 7% of addition of sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA), Portland Cement (PC) and combinations of these in different proportions. The characterization and classification of the study soil was carried out, determining the Natural Humidity, Granulometric Curve, Consistency Limits, soil classification according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and AASHTO compaction. The results show that the use of the SCBA is viable to significantly improve the physical properties of the granular soil type Hydraulic Base, The partial substitution of SCBA for PC according to the results can be considered that it would contribute to more durable and therefore economical roads. In addition to contributing to the reduction in cement consumption, which would imply a decrease in the release of CO2 into the atmosphere due to the manufacture of Portland Cement.
EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF THREE PANAMANIAN PLANTS AGAINST MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA

The increased resistance of pathogenic bacteria to traditional therapy has forced the implementation of different therapies. The consequent use of more than one antibacterial drug can increase toxicity problems, an undesirable situation, especially when it comes to therapy for immunosuppressed patients. Bacterial resistance to different drugs is a war between "humans and bacteria". For this reason, it is important to keep looking for new alternatives for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we determined the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of Lippia graveolens, Sphagneticola trilobata and Gliricidia sepium against four pathogenic bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the strain most affected by antagonistic activity of all the extracts evaluated, followed by E. coli and S. aureus. We found that S. trilobata was the plant with the highest activity. We carried out tests mixing extracts (1:1) from different parts of each plant, where there was antagonistic and synergistic activity. These results are very promising, since these bacteria are currently being studied for their high resistance mechanisms to a wide variety of antibiotics.