Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frontiers in Dentistry

Article type: Original Article Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) of zirconia ceramic to composite resin with various surface treatments following pressure changes. Materials and Methods: Totally, 135 zirconia blocks were prepared by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology. The samples were divided into 9 groups (n=15). Three surface treatments including sandblasting, tribo-chemical preparation, and laser application were used. For each method, 45 samples were considered and tested under different pressure conditions. Z-Prime Plus primer was used for bonding of all samples to composite cylinders. All specimens were stored in water for 24 h, underwent thermocycling, and were then placed in a pressure chamber under normal-, high-, and low-pressure conditions. Then, the SBS test was performed for each sample. Data were analyzed by two-way and one-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Results: The SBS was significantly higher in sandblasting and tribochemical preparation compared with laser irradiation (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in SBS of sandblasting and tribochemical preparation methods (P>0.05). Sandblasting, tribochemical preparation, and laser methods did not show a significant difference in SBS at different pressures (P>0.05). Conclusion: Sandblasting and tribochemical preparation yielded a higher SBS than laser. Different pressures had no effect on SBS, irrespective of surface preparation method.
Effect of interval compared to continuous exercise training on physiological responses in patients with chronic respiratory diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Current evidence suggests that interval exercise training (IET) and continuous exercise training (CET) produce comparable benefits in exercise capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness and symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the effects of these modalities have only been reviewed in patients with COPD. This meta-analysis compares the effectiveness of IET versus CET on exercise capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness and exertional symptoms in patients with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). Methods: PubMed, CINHAL, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Nursing and Allied health were searched for randomised controlled trials from inception to September 2020. Eligible studies included the comparison between IET and CET, reporting measures of exercise capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness and symptoms in individuals with CRDs. Results: Thirteen randomised control trials (530 patients with CRDs) with fair to good quality on the PEDro scale were included. Eleven studies involved n = 446 patients with COPD, one involved n = 24 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and one n = 60 lung transplantation (LT) candidates. IET resulted in greater improvements in peak work rate (WRpeak) (2.40 W, 95% CI: 0.83 to 3.97 W; p = 0.003) and lower exercise-induced dyspnoea (−0.47, 95% CI: −0.86 to 0.09; p = 0.02) compared to CET; however, these improvements did not exceed the minimal important difference for these outcomes. No significant differences in peak values for oxygen uptake (VO2peak), heart rate (HRpeak), minute ventilation (VEpeak), lactate threshold (LAT) and leg discomfort were found between the interventions. Conclusions: IET is superior to CET in improving exercise capacity and exercise-induced dyspnoea sensations in patients with CRDs; however, the extent of the clinical benefit is not considered clinically meaningful.
Investigating the Relationship between Gratitude and Perceived Social Support and Happiness of Elderly Women in Districts 3, 4, and 5 of Tehran in 2020 during the Epidemic of Covid-19 Disease: A Descriptive Study

ﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ Background and Objectives: Happiness is a positive psychological variable that can affect the lives of the elderly. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between happiness and social support and appreciation in older women. Materials and Methods: The present study is descriptive. For this study, 384 elderly women in districts 3, 4, and 5 of Tehran in 2020 were selected as the sample by the available sampling method. Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Oxford Happiness Inventory were used to collect data. Finally, after 54 times referring to the parks in the 3 rd , 4 th , and 5 th districts of Tehran, the researchers were able to collect the data of the present study and the participants answered the research questionnaires. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: Mean and standard deviation of the variable of happiness were 26.08±7.38, social support 25.90±7.05, gratitude 22.66±6.30, brief examination of mental status 26.85±2.62, and age 63.75±2.71. The results of Pearson’s correlation test showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between happiness and support Social (r=0.78, p<0.001) and gratitude (r=0.44, p<0.001). The results of stepwise regression analysis also showed that social support (β=0.716, p<0.001) and after that gratitude (β=0.213, p<0.001) were able to predict 65% of happiness changes. Conclusion: Gratitude and social support are directly related to happiness and can positively predict happiness. Therefore, it appears that paying attention to the concept of gratitude and social support in the treatment and counseling programs as an effective method to increase the happiness of older women will be useful. Conflict of
The accuracy of Raman spectroscopy in the diagnosis of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background To investigate the overall performance of Raman Spectroscopy (RS) in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods We systematic searched databases including PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI and Web of science for studies up to May 2020 with no start date limited. Then we extracted data of true positives, true negatives, false positives and false negatives from the included studies to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), with 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the diagnostic value of Raman spectroscopy. We plotted the summary receiver operator characteristics (SROC) and the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate the overall performance of Raman spectroscopy. Quality assessments and Publication bias were evaluated by QUADAS-2 checklist and Stata software version 12.0. Results Totally, 12 studies were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of Raman Spectroscopy in lung cancer were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87–0.92, P<0.05) and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.72–0.79, P<0.05). The pooled PLR and NLR were 5.87 (95% CI, 3.45–9.97) and 0.14 (95% CI, 0.10–0.22) respectively. And the AUC of SROC curve was 0.9453. Discussion Raman spectroscopy had excellent accuracy with high sensitivity and considerable specificity in the diagnosis of lung cancer.
To Study the Relationship Satisfaction and Degree of Loneliness in Romantic Relationships

Background: Romantic relationship satisfaction is defined as an interpersonal evaluation of thepositivity of feelings for one’s partner and attraction to the relationship. Relationship satisfaction ispositively related to life satisfaction and subjective well-being. The satisfaction and dissatisfactionin romantic relationship may contribute to different features such as loneliness, communication andcloseness in a relationship. So it is necessary for us to understand the prevalence of loneliness andcommunication in ones relationship and their level of satisfaction. The aim of the study is to assessthe level of satisfaction and dissatisfaction in romantic relationship and to find the degree of perceivedloneliness in romantic relationship.Methods: A total of 50 participants participated in the study, out of which 40% were male and 10% werefemale. Relationship Assessment Scale, Relationship Satisfaction Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale wereused to assess the Relationship status, Relationship satisfaction and degree of Loneliness respectively.Findings of our study suggested that most of the participants had poor relationship status (80%); theywere extremely dissatisfied with their relationship (94%) and reported high degree of loneliness (68%). Conclusion: The study concluded that the poor is romantic relationship status the lonelier one will feel.Some of the common dissatisfying features in romantic relationships are worry about the relationship,worry about the future, a lack of time, conflict and stress, expectations and love from partner in therelationship doesn’t meet and these factors leads to feeling of loneliness. As an Occupational Therapistwe can intervene and plan out the strategies to decrease the level of loneliness and dissatisfaction inorder to improve the relationship.
Comparing Resource Plays in the Texas and New Mexico Permian Basin – Implications for Exploration Research

The Permian Basin in Western Texas and North Eastern New Mexico is an energy powerhouse. With three sub-basins i.e., Delaware, Central Basin Platform and Midland Basin producing hydrocarbons from both conventional and unconventional plays, the Texan Permian has been a focus of more interest from energy companies than the North-Western Shelf of the basin in New Mexico. However, the less explored North Western shelf of the basin in New Mexico furnishes equal opportunity for oil and gas exploration companies for further exploration research and subsequent discoveries. This research is an attempt to showcase the exploration significance and highlight the gaps for in exploration research in the New Mexico Permian Basin. We compare the oil plays in both Texas and New Mexico Permian based on reservoir geology and basin architecture. Overall, The Permian Basin is dominated by carbonate reservoirs. They account for 75% of all oil production followed by clastics, which contribute 14%; then come the mixed clastics and carbonates accounting for 8%; and lastly cherts make up around 3%. The leading growing production zone is the San Andres platform (Northwest shelf) carbonate play (4.0 billion bbl) followed by the Leonard restricted platform carbonate play (3.3 billion bbl). The Lower Permian Horseshoe and Pennsylvanian plays are next (2.7 billion bbl) and lastly by the San Andres platform carbonate play contributes to the overall production (2.2 billion bbl). With known potential of shelf plays we determine that North Western Shelf has similar stratigraphy and extensive hydrocarbon potential yet to be researched and explored.
The Tale of Adolescent Girls’ Menstrual Challenges in Junior High Schools

The study explored menstrual challenges that female adolescents encountered while in school. The sequential explanatory mixed-method design was used, and both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed in analyzing the data. The study revealed that the girls were predisposed to intense and varied menstrual-related challenges, which affected quality education as they had difficulty concentrating in class coupled with social and emotional problems. The Guidance and Counseling Units in schools’ continuous organization of programs to sensitize and enlighten girls on how to manage menstrual-related challenges would help to avoid the shackles the monthly experience brings.
Insights on Space‐Leader Characteristics and Evolution in Natural Negative Cloud‐to‐Ground Lightning

We present sub‐microsecond‐scale, high‐speed video camera observations of three negative stepped leaders in cloud‐to‐ground flashes with return‐stroke peak currents (estimated by the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network) of −17, −104, and −228 kA. The camera frame exposure times for these observations were 1.8, 1.0, and 0.74 µs, respectively. The 0.74 µs exposure time is the shortest reported to date. We observed the temporal and spatial evolution of space leaders from their inception to their attachment to the pre‐existing leader channel (PELC). For stepped leaders that led to return strokes having higher peak currents, the space leaders appear to have incepted at farther median two‐dimensional distances from their respective PELC‐attachment points. These median distances were 6.1, 16.6, and 17.6 m, respectively, for the three strokes. Our observations indicate that space leader characteristics are likely influenced by stepped‐leader line‐charge‐density, which is expected to be higher in strokes with higher return‐stroke peak currents.
What Draws Late-Life Repartners to Each Other and Keeps Them Together? An Intergenerational Stepfamily Perspective

Abstract Partner selection is intriguing at any life stage including later in life. Late life repartnering is a phenomenon emerging with the increase in life expectancy. Motivations include friendship, intimacy, loneliness, and having fun. Understanding partner selection and maintenance among those who repartner late in life is yet to be explored and could assist older adults with finding a suitable partner and help their offspring understand it. Our aim is to examine what draws late-life repartners to each other and keeps them together, from an intergenerational stepfamily perspective by including three generations; both members of the couple, an adult child on each side, and at least one grandchild. Nineteen stepfamilies (107 participants) participated, using criterion sampling of functionally independent persons who had repartnered at retirement age or older and who had offspring from a lifelong marriage that ended in widowhood or divorce. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis and dyadic interview analysis adapted to multigenerational stepfamilies were employed. Themes identified include a shared history/background, parallel experiences with offspring, and repartnering as healing. Findings are discussed using a life course approach. Implications for theory and practice with complex stepfamilies constructed due to late life repartnering are suggested.
Visible-Light Radical–Radical Coupling vs. Radical Addition: Disentangling a Mechanistic Knot

A highly enantioselective protocol has been recently described as allowing the synthesis of five-membered cyclic imines harnessing the selective generation of a β-Csp3-centered radical of acyl heterocyclic derivatives and its subsequent interaction with diverse NH-ketimines. The overall transformation represents a novel cascade process strategy crafted by individual well-known steps; however, the construction of the new C-C bond highlights a crucial knot from a mechanistically perspective. We believe that the full understanding of this enigmatic step may enrich the current literature and expand latent future ideas. Therefore, a detailed mechanistic study of the protocol has been conducted. Here, we provide theoretical insight into the mechanism using quantum chemistry calculations. Two possible pathways have been investigated: (a) imine reduction followed by radical–radical coupling and (b) radical addition followed by product reduction. In addition, investigations to unveil the origin behind the enantioselectivity of the 1-pyrroline derivatives have been conducted as well.
An Explainable Machine Learning Model for Early Prediction of Sepsis Using ICU Data

Early identification of individuals with sepsis is very useful in assisting clinical triage and decision-making, resulting in early intervention and improved outcomes. This study aims to develop an explainable machine learning model with the clinical interpretability to predict sepsis onset before 6 hours and validate with improved prediction risk power for every time interval since admission to the ICU. The retrospective observational cohort study is carried out using PhysioNet Challenge 2019 ICU data from three distinct hospital systems, viz. A, B, and C. Data from A and B were shared publicly for training and validation while sequestered data from all three cohorts were used for scoring. However, this study is limited only to publicly available training data. Training data contains 15,52,210 patient records of 40,336 ICU patients with up to 40 clinical variables (sourced for each hour of their ICU stay) divided into two datasets, based on hospital systems A and B. The clinical feature exploration and interpretation for early prediction of sepsis is achieved using the proposed framework, viz. the explainable Machine Learning model for Early Prediction of Sepsis (xMLEPS). A total of 85 features comprising the given 40 clinical variables augmented with 10 derived physiological features and 35 time-lag difference features are fed to xMLEPS for the said prediction task of sepsis onset. A ten-fold cross-validation scheme is employed wherein an optimal prediction risk threshold is searched for each of the 10 LightGBM models. These optimum threshold values are later used by the corresponding models to refine the predictive power in terms of utility score for the prediction of labels in each fold. The entire framework is designed via Bayesian optimization and trained with the resultant feature set of 85 features, yielding an average normalized utility score of 0.4214 and area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.8591 on publicly available training data. This study establish a practical and explainable sepsis onset prediction model for ICU data using applied ML approach, mainly gradient boosting. The study highlights the clinical significance of physiological inter-relations among the given and proposed clinical signs via feature importance and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) plots for visualized interpretation.
Thinking Style and Paranormal Belief: The Role of Cognitive Biases

This study investigated the degree to which cognitive bias mediated the relationship between thinking style and belief in the paranormal. A sample of 496 participants completed the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale (RPBS), the Belief in Science Scale (BISS), the Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis, and the reality testing subscale of the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO-RT). The BISS and IPO-RT served as proxy indices of preferred thinking style; the BISS assessed rational-analytical (objective) processing, and the IPO-RT intuitive-experiential (subjective) processing. Cognitive biases (Jumping to Conclusions, Intentionalising, Catastrophising, Emotional Reasoning, and dichotomous thinking) correlated positively with belief in the paranormal. Mediation using path analysis indicated that Emotional Reasoning and Catastrophising exerted indirect effects in relation to BISS, IPO-RT and RPBS. Direct relationships existed between IPO-RT and RPBS, and BISS and RPBS. Of the biases, only Emotional Reasoning and Catastrophising predicted RPBS. The contribution of Emotional Reasoning and Catastrophising to belief in the paranormal were consistent with previous research and the cognitive model of psychosis, which asserts that there are strong relationships between defective reality testing, emotional reasoning and delusional beliefs.
Therapeutic potential of the cannabinoid receptor 2 in neuropsychiatry

Since the identification and cloning of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R), several studies focused on the characterization of its physiological and pathological role. Initially, CB2R was considered as the peripheral cannabinoid receptor due to its detection in the rat spleen and leukocyte subpopulation in humans. Later, CB2R was identified in different brain regions significantly modifying the landscape and pointing out its role in a wide variety of central physiological functions and pathological conditions. Additional research also detected the expression of CB2R in neurons, microglia, and astroglia in different brain regions. Indeed, the findings collected to date support a significant function of CB2R in anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and additional neuropsychiatric disorders. This review gathers the most relevant literature regarding new advances about the role of CB2R in a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, with special emphasis on its potential as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of different psychiatric disorders.
Present‐Day Patagonian Dust Emissions: Combining Surface Visibility, Mass Flux, and Reanalysis Data

The magnitude of the climatic forcing associated with mineral dust aerosols remains uncertain due in part to a lack of observations on dust sources. While modeling and satellite studies provide spatially extensive constraints, they must be supported by surface‐validating dust monitoring. Southern South America is the main dust source to the southern oceans (>45°S), a region of low biological productivity potentially susceptible to increased micronutrient fertilization through dust deposition, as well as one of the main dust sources to Antarctica, implying long‐range transport of dust from Patagonia and potentially affecting snow cover albedo. We present multiyear time series of dust‐related visibility reduction (DRVR) and dust mass flux in Patagonia. We find that local DRVR is partly controlled by long‐term (i.e., months) water deficit, while same‐day conditions play a smaller role, reflective of water retention properties of fine‐grained dust‐emitting soils in low‐moisture conditions. This is supported independently by reanalysis data showing that large‐scale dust outbreaks are usually associated with anomalously high long‐term water deficit. By combining visibility data, surface dust sampling, and particle dispersion modeling, we derive regional dust emission rates. Our results suggest that the inclusion of long‐term soil hydrologic balance parameterizations under low‐moisture conditions may improve the performance of dust emission schemes in Earth system models.
The importance of trust factor in the intentions to purchase Islamic insurance (takaful) in Indonesia

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the role of attitude, religiosity, awareness and subjective norm toward trust which influences purchase intention regarding Islamic insurance in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach This research uses quantitative methods. Online questionnaires are distributed and collected for people who already have an insurance policy, have the knowledge and are interested in buying Islamic insurance in Indonesia. A total of 322 valid responses were collected using non probability purposive sampling and snowball sampling method. To achieve the purpose of this study, an analysis using SEM or structural equation model for hypothesis testing was performed. Findings The results show that trust significantly affected purchase intention regarding Islamic insurance. Other than that, trust is significantly influenced by awareness, religiosity and subjective norm. Moreover, the attitude toward trust found that not significantly related. Originality/value The originality of this study is the first research integrating attitude, religiosity, awareness and subjective norm, mediating by trust toward a purchase intention of Islamic insurance in Indonesia.
Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa

This study aims to analyze the influence of internal factors and external factors on the interest of student entrepreneurship. The sample of this study was 100 students from the Faculty of Economics and Business, Diponegoro University. Hypothesis testing uses multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate the need for achievement, family and social environment has a significant positive effect on the interest of student entrepreneurship. While innovation, personal control, and self-esteem do not affect the interest of student entrepreneurship.