Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of neem seed extracts on Pholeastor (Apanteles) glomeratus L. (Hym., Braconidae), a parasitoid of Pieries brassicae L. (Lep., Pieridae)

Neem seed extract was applied orally and topically to 4th and 5th instar Pieris brassicae L. larvae which contained larvae of the parasitoid, Pholeastor (Apanteles) glomeratus (L.), and also topically to P. glomeratus cocoons. As well as heavy parasitoid mortality due to premature host death, P. glomeratus suffered increased mortality at all subsequent life stages and deformities in emerged adults. Neem seed extract is capable of having direct negative effects on P. glomeratus populations. It is suggested that care should be taken in the use of such extracts and that assessment of potential impact on parasitoid populations should take place beforehand.
Quality of Life of People with Severe Mental Health Problems: Testing an Interactive Model

Improvement of subjective quality of life (QoL) is seen as an important treatment outcome in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to test the theoretical model of Cummins, which includes a homeostatic management system. According to this model, objective variables are almost irrelevant to general well-being, while the feeling of having an influence on one’s circumstances (perceived deficit) is related to subjective QoL. The variables of the Cummins model were operationalised based on the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile, a structured interview to assess the subjective QoL of people with severe mental health problems. The Cummins model was tested using structural equation modelling and a mediator model between Objective QoL, Subjective QoL and Perceived Deficit. Subjective QoL and General Well-Being were significantly related and having a meaningful perspective in life was related to General Well-Being. Contrary to the Cummins model, both Objective QoL and Perceived Deficit had a significant relation to Subjective QoL and Perceived Deficit was a partial mediator between Objective QoL and Subjective QoL. Cummins’ theoretical model was partially confirmed. The current study suggests that meaningful (treatment) evaluation of subjective QoL can only be performed if objective QoL, General Well-Being and subjective evaluation (Perceived Deficit and Framework) are taken into account.
Initial and medium-term responses of white clover to three sulfur fertilizers on a basaltic soil

The short and medium-term effects of three sulfur fertilizers on white clover pasture were measured on a sulfur-deficient basaltic soil in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales between 1976 and 1979. The treatments were a single application of elemental sulfur, gypsum, and sulfur-fortified superphosphate (SF45) at 0, 20, 40, and 80 kg S/ha and three annual applications of elemental sulfur and gypsum at 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg S/ha. Gypsum and SF45 gave the largest effects in the first year, and elemental sulfur and SF45 caused the largest residual effects in the third year. A single application of 20 kg S/ha gave near maximum yields over the three year period provided that most of the sulfur was supplied in the elemental form. However, to achieve maximum yields in the first year about 20% of the sulfur was required as sulfate. Likewise maximum yields in the third year required a fresh application of 10 sulfate S/ha. The relatively large residual effect of gypsum was attributed to the slow-leaching soil, and the resistance of the coarse textured elemental sulfur (65% >0.5mm) to leaching by the high summer rainfall.
OPTIMAL CONTROL MEASURES FOR TUBERCULOSIS MATHEMATICAL MODELS INCLUDING IMMIGRATION AND ISOLATION OF INFECTIVE

Optimal control theory is applied to a system of ordinary differential equations modeling the population dynamics of tuberculosis with isolation and immigration of infective. Seeking to minimize the number of infectious individuals and reduce the transmission of the disease, we use controls to represent the screening/medical testing of infected immigrants into the population as well as isolation of infective in the population. The optimal controls are characterized in terms of the optimality system, which is solved numerically for several scenarios using an iterative method with Runge-Kutta fourth order scheme. Parameter values used are those reported for Nigeria.
Comparison of yttrium and chromic oxides as inert dietary markers for the estimation of apparent digestibility coefficients in mirror carp Cyprinus carpio fed on diets containing soybean‐, maize‐ and fish‐derived proteins

The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of protein, lipid and energy components within three selected plant protein by-products, i.e. solvent-extract soybean meal, full-fat soybean meal and maize gluten meal were evaluated for mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). In a series of feeding and digestibility experiments, the ingredients were incorporated at the rate of 50% within a basal diet formulation, at the expense of a high quality fish-meal (LT94) source using both yttrium oxide, Y2O3 and chromic oxide, Cr2O3 as inert markers in test diets. The ADC of nutrients obtained from Cr2O3 closely matched those obtained from Y2O3. The ADC of protein were generally high, with >91% for both the fish-meal reference diet and solvent-extract soybean meal, 86% for full-fat soybean meal and 79% for maize gluten meal. The ADC by yttrium oxide gave values of 75–90% for protein. Similarly close values were obtained for both markers with respect to lipid ADC (77–91% with chromic oxide and 74–89% with yttrium oxide). It was concluded that the use of Y2O3 as an inert marker in digestibility studies with carp ought to be suitable for carp following further validation. This should be considered in view of predicting the digestibility of feeds for this fish species before inclusion in practical diets.
How Much Does Russia Drink?: Volume, Dynamics, and Differentiation of Alcohol Consumption

79 English translation © 2007 M.E. Sharpe, Inc., from the Russian text © 2006 the author. “Skol’ko p’et Rossiia? Ob”em, dinamika i differentsiatsiia potrebleniia alkogolia,” Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, 2006, no. 2, pp. 85–94. A publication of the Russian Academy of Sciences; the Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology, and Law, Russian Academy of Sciences; and the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs. Vera Sergeevna Tapilina is a senior science associate at the Institute of the Economics and Organization of Industrial Production, Siberian Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated by Kim Braithwaite. Russian Social Science Review, vol. 48, no. 2, March–April 2007, pp. 79–94. © 2007 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN 1061-1428/2007 $9.50 + 0.00. DOI 10.2753/SOR1061-0154460203
Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: an overview.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Examine recent evidence of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses regarding the effect of maternal vitamin D status and supplementation over obstetrical and offspring outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D] progressively declines during pregnancy because of fetal physiological demands and adjustments. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy in women with low vitamin D status may improve fetal growth and reduce the risks for small-for-gestational-age, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and gestational diabetes. Mothers with sufficient vitamin D levels have offsprings with less enamel defects and less attention deficit and hyperactive disorders and autism. All pregnant women should be supplemented with 600 IU/day of vitamin D3. We discuss evidence indicating that higher vitamin D doses (1000-4000 IU/day) may be convenient to achieve better maternal and infant outcomes. Low maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy may be associated in infants with a higher risk for lower bone mineral content, enamel defects and attention deficit hyperactive disorder. SUMMARY Recent evidence from vitamin D intervention studies and meta-analyses of a large number of studies support vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy to improve maternal, fetal and, immediate and later offspring health.
Regular strength training and baseline fitness in overweight infantry members of Slovenian Armed Forces

Introduction The prevalence of overweight subjects in military cohorts increases despite the obligatory army physical fitness test (APFT) requirements and the negative consequences of possible test failure due to the increased body mass index (BMI). Studies that have examined the association of BMI with baseline fitness in the military are showing conflicting evidence. The primary aim of the study is to examine BMI effects on baseline fitness that was measured by APFT and additional functional performance tests (FT) (vertical countermovement jump with and without load, loaded prone plank, single-leg hamstring bridge test and pull-ups). Our secondary goal is to explore if regular strength training modifies the BMI effect on baseline fitness. Methods A cross-sectional study on a sample of 118 male infantry soldiers that have performed APFT and FT was carried out. Body mass and body height measurements were used to calculate BMI, and to categorise participants into BMI ranks. Two independent categorical variables (BMI rank and strength training) were used to evaluate their influence on dependent variables of physical performance acquired from APFT and FT. Results A significantly large size effect of BMI rank (F=1.69, p=0.037; effect size (ES)=0.15) and regular strength training (F=2.66, p=0.006; ES=0.21) on physical performance was found. It was shown that strength training had a medium ES on push-up and pull-up performance, as well as on the overall APFT score and loaded plank. Conclusions The importance of regular strength training and normal BMI for better overall baseline fitness in infantry members was highlighted. Most importantly, it was shown that performance is not affected in overweight soldiers who are performing regular strength training in addition to their daily physical training. Trial registration number NCT03415464
Combretastatins: An Overview of Structure, Probable Mechanisms of Action and Potential Applications

Combretastatins are a class of closely related stilbenes (combretastatins A), dihydrostilbenes (combretastatins B), phenanthrenes (combretastatins C) and macrocyclic lactones (combretastatins D) found in the bark of Combretum caffrum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze, commonly known as the South African bush willow. Some of the compounds in this series have been shown to be among the most potent antitubulin agents known. Due to their structural simplicity many analogs have also been synthesized. Combretastatin A4 phosphate is the most frequently tested compounds in preclinical and clinical trials. It is a water-soluble prodrug that the body can rapidly metabolize to combretastatin A4, which exhibits anti-tumor properties. In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies on combretastatins have determined that these compounds also have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. Nano-based formulations of natural or synthetic active agents such as combretastatin A4 phosphate exhibit several clear advantages, including improved low water solubility, prolonged circulation, drug targeting properties, enhanced efficiency, as well as fewer side effects. In this review, a synopsis of the recent literature exploring the combretastatins, their potential effects and nanoformulations as lead compounds in clinical applications is provided.
Managing type 2 diabetes mellitus during COVID‐19 pandemic: The bittersweet

Advanced Heart Failure, Sentara Healthcare, Norfolk, Virginia, USA Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
Redescription of Prionospio Banyulensis Laubier, 1966, and Re-Examination of P. Ockelmanni Pleijel, 1985 (Polychaeta, Spionidae)

Abstract Available types, newly collected topotypes, and additional North Atlantic material of Prionospio banyulensis Laubier, 1966 and P. ockelmanni Pleijel, 1985 are examined. The populations exhibit high degrees of similarity, and observed differences are not considered consistent enough for species separation; P. ockelmanni is accordingly synonymized with P. banyulensis. A neotype is designated for P. banyulensis.
Icono-Diagnosis of Craniofacial Disorders: The Eye of the Plastic Surgeon.

1512 urgeon, it is not unco A s a craniofacial s mmon to receive the picture of a patient before the first consultation. It happens most often when the patient is abroad and he(she), or his referring physician wants to know whether such deformation can be treated surgically, before undertaking a possibly useless travel. More than any other specialists, a surgeon who has gained expertise in treating congenital anomalies such as clefts, oxycephaly, plagiocephaly, hypertelorism, Crouzon or Apert disease, or first branchial arch syndrome, can easily make a diagnosis on a simple photograph, as he could also diagnose, with a great percentage of certitude, diseases and tumors like terratomas or ameloblastomas, Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis, noma sequellae, fibrous-dysplasia, and several other disorders like facial palsy and posttraumatic facial deformity. When treating patients from the third world, these approximate diagnoses, made on pictures only, are essential for the handling and the cost of the therapy. It may determine whether a patient can be operated in a local hospital, during a temporary surgical mission, or if surgery can only be undertaken safely in a fully equipped medical center, with a multispecialized team, and an intensive care unit. Of course, like in medical archeology, these diagnoses, made remotely, are greatly enhanced by written medical histories, and X-rays if available.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIFE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF THE CABBAGE APHIS, BRE VICORYNE BBASSICAE L.

SUMMARY 1 A study has been made ofthe life history of Brevicoryne brassicael. in the market-garden areas of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire from November 1933 to October 1935. 2 There was a variation in the behaviour of this pest in the two years. In 1934 the aphis over-wintered only as eggs on cultivated cruciferous crops (and particularly Brussels sprouts), whereas observations strongly suggest that in 1935 it over-wintered both as viviparous females and eggs. The hatching of the eggs was much later in 1934 than in 1935, but the first winged forms were produced at about the same date. 3 Predators and parasites were fairly abundant but not sufficiently so as to prevent serious damage. 4 It is suggested that control measures should aim at preventing the aphides from passing from old plants to newly planted ones. Nicotine sprays or nicotine dusts are suitable for this purpose. The pest is difficult to control on ordinary field crops.
Scots pine ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum potential and dynamics in podzol-specific humus, eluvial and illuvial horizons one and four growth seasons after forest clear-cut logging

The aims of this microcosm-based study were to characterize Scots pine ectomycorrhizal (EcM) inoculum potential in humus (O) and underlying eluvial (E) and illuvial (B) mineral podzol soil horizons and to compare the inoculum potential 1 and 4 years following clear-cut logging. The specific horizons were collected from a Scots pine control uncut stand, the adjacent interface zone (3–10 m from the forest edge), and the adjoining clear-cut area. The highest Simpson's reciprocal diversity indices (SRDI) of ectomycorrhizal morphotypes and polymerase chain reaction – internal transcribed spacer – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-(ITS)-RFLP) taxa were detected in the humus and E horizon. The B horizon supported the lowest SRDI, but the community consisted of mycorrhizas representing active rhizomorph-forming species. Identified RFLP taxa, confirmed via ITS sequence analysis, highlighted horizon specificity for some genera and species. With respect to clear-cutting impacts, the most dominant ectomycorrhizal morphotypes detected and diversity indices were the same irrespective of the sampling time, which strongly indicates that inoculum potential is maintained up to four growth seasons after the clearcut. No forest treatment dependent differences in Scots pine seedling biomass were detected, but, compared with humus, significantly reduced biomass was recorded in deeper mineral soil horizons. The data are discussed in relation with recent vertical profile studies and forest silvicultural practices.
Micrometastases in Sentinel Lymph Nodes Represent a Significant Negative Prognostic Factor in Early-Stage Cervical Cancer: A Single-Institutional Retrospective Cohort Study

The data on the prognostic significance of low volume metastases in lymph nodes (LN) are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the outcome of a large group of patients treated with sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy at a single referral center. Patients with cervical cancer, stage T1a-T2b, common tumor types, negative LN on preoperative staging, treated by primary surgery between 01/2007 and 12/2016, with at least unilateral SLN detection were included. Patients with abandoned radical surgery due to intraoperative SLN positivity detected by frozen section were excluded. All SLNs were postoperatively processed by an intensive protocol for pathological ultrastaging. Altogether, 226 patients were analyzed. Positive LN were detected in 38 (17%) cases; macrometastases (MAC), micrometastases (MIC), isolated tumor cells (ITC) in 14, 16, and 8 patients. With the median follow-up of 65 months, 22 recurrences occurred. Disease-free survival (DFS) reached 90% in the whole group, 93% in LN-negative cases, 89% in cases with MAC, 69% with MIC, and 87% with ITC. The presence of MIC in SLN was associated with significantly decreased DFS and OS. Patients with MIC and MAC should be managed similarly, and SLN ultrastaging should become an integral part of the management of patients with early-stage cervical cancer.
Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Colorectal Cancer

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are administered commonly to aged people; however, their effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) has still not been fully elucidated. Here, we examined the effect of PPIs and consequent alkalization on CRC cells. PPI administration alkalized the fecal pH and increased serum gastrin concentration. PPI and pH8 treatment (alkalization) of CMT93 mouse colon cancer cells inhibited cell growth and invasion, increased oxidative stress and apoptosis, and decreased mitochondrial volume and protein levels of cyclin D1 and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) 1/2. In contrast, gastrin treatment enhanced growth and invasion, decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis, and increased mitochondrial volume and cyclin D1 and pERK1/2 levels. Concurrent treatment with a PPI, pH8, and gastrin increased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and also enhanced liver metastasis in the BALB/c strain of mice. PPI administration was associated with Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) in CRC lesions. CPE treatment activated yes-associated protein (YAP) signals to enhance proliferation and stemness. The orthotopic colon cancer model of CMT93 cells with long-term PPI administration showed enhanced tumor growth and liver metastasis due to gastrin and YAP activation, as indicated by gastrin receptor knockdown and treatment with a YAP inhibitor. These findings suggest that PPI promotes CRC growth and metastasis by increasing gastrin concentration and YAP activation, resulting in gut flora alteration and fecal alkalization. These findings suggest that PPI use in colorectal cancer patients might create a risk of cancer promotion.
Mapping the corneal thickness and volume in patients with Down syndrome: a comparative population-based study.

PURPOSE To measure the central-to-peripheral corneal thickness and its volume according to age and gender in 10-30-year-old patients with Down syndrome (DS) and in matched individuals without DS. METHODS In the report, 202 normal pattern right eyes of patients with Down syndrome and 190 right eyes of individuals without Down syndrome and compared averages using independent sample t-tests and multiple linear regression models. The measured variables included the apical corneal thickness; the minimum corneal thickness; the average thickness on rings at 2 mm (R2), 3 mm (R3), and 4 mm (R4); the corneal volume in the central zones at 2-, 3-, 4-, and 10-mm diameters; Ambrosio's relational thickness; and the pachymetric progression indices. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 16.99 ± 4.70 and 17.22 ± 4.54 years (p=0.636). The means ± SD were 516.7 ± 33.0 and 555.7 ± 33.1 µm for apical corneal thicknesses, 508.0 ± 33.5 and 549.0 ± 40.6 µm for minimum corneal thicknesses, 543.0 ± and 588.4 ± 33.8 µm for R2s, 584.9 ± 35.6 and 637.0 ± µm for R3s, 646.9 ± 38.5 and 707.6 ± 37.1 µm for R4s, 396.4 ± 102.3 and 462.7 ± 96.2 µm for Ambrosio's relational thicknesses, 1.36 ± 0.37 and 1.22 ± 0.18 for pachymetric progression index maximums, 1.62 ± 0.11 and 1.74 ± 0.11 mm3 for corneal volume at 2 mm, 3.73 ± 0.24 and 4.01 ± 0.24 mm3 for corneal volume at 3 mm, 6.76 ± 0.44 and 7.30 ± 0.43 mm3 for corneal volume at 4 mm, and 57.03 ± 3.44 and 61.51 ± 3.40 mm3 for total corneal volume in the Down syndrome and control groups, respectively (all p<0.001). All the above indices were inversely related to age, but not to gender. Ambrosio's relational thickness maximum and the pachymetric progression index maximum were independent of age and gender. CONCLUSION Non-keratoconic patients with Down syndrome had thin corneas with a homogeneous distribution. Therefore, the reference ranges of cornea thickness and volume should be re-defined for this patient population.
Characteristics and Use of Burrows by Four Species of Armadillos in Brazil

An investigation of four species of armadillos ( Priodontes maximus, Euphractus sexcinctus, Cabassous unicinctus , and Cabassous tatouay ) revealed differences in their burrow dimensions and choice of burrow sites. Measurements of burrow width alone separated P. maximus and C. unicinctus from E. sexcinctus and C. tatouay ; those of burrow height separated all three genera, but not C. unicinctus from C. tatouay . Together, these two measurements were adequate to identify the burrows of each species. The slopes of the burrow and of the surface around the burrow, and the direction at which the burrow entrance was dug, were similar for all four species. The time spent in a burrow and the type of site into which burrows were dug differed among species.