Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Precoding Based on Active Learning for mmWave Massive MIMO Communication Systems

In this paper, a cost-effective and high-accuracy precoding technique based on $\epsilon $ -Fuzzy pareto active learning (FPAL) is proposed for millimeter wave (mmWave) massive MIMO communications. The proposed method achieves a low iteration convergence with low complexity. Two practical structures, namely fully-connected and partially-connected structures are considered for hybrid precoding. Furthermore, the effect of high and low-resolution quantization in the digital-to-analog converter, phase shifter, and imperfect channel state information are discussed. The performance results of the proposed technique and alternating minimization methods beside fully digital techniques are compared and discussed in the terms of the spectral efficiency (SE), bit error rate (BER), normalized mean square error (NMSE), energy efficiency (EE) for phase-shifter (PS) with low bit quantization, and imperfect channel state information (CSI). To address the applicability of the proposed method, experimental results are obtained from a real mmWave hardware setup compliant with 3GPP standards, and verify the simulated ones for the proposed $\epsilon $ -FPAL hybrid precoding scheme. The reduced complexity, higher performance and EE make the proposed method suitable for 5G and beyond communication systems.
Solar identifications of Fe X-Fe XIV based on comparison with beam-foil, tokamak and laser-produced plasma spectra

We report 42 new Fe X-Fe XIV lines identified from solar, beam-foil, tokamak and laser-produced plasma spectra. 19 of these have been found in solar spectra. We also report some new laboratory data confirming previous solar identifications. The lines are of 3s 2 3p k -3s 2 3p k−1 3d and 3s 2 3p k -3s3p k+1 types and lie between 169 and 510 A. We also give a new value for the forbidden 3p 3 ( 4 S 3/2 - 2 P 1/2 ) transition of Fe XII. In all, we have determined 17 new energy levels in these ions with uncertainties of ± 10 cm −1
A FINITE ELEMENT DOUBLE POROSITY MODEL FOR HETEROGENEOUS DEFORMABLE POROUS MEDIA

The mathematical base of the double porosity concept, consisting of the continuity and equilibrium equation respectively, is briefly reviewed. A quasi-steady-state transfer function, the so-called leakage term, is used. Important aspects of the developed code, based on the double porosity theory, are presented together with two hypothetical example problems. The resulting trend of the settlements are compared to those from previous work and was found to be significantly different. However, the implications are that the present study exhibits a more realistic prediction for the settlement.
Experimental and numerical study of a turbulent boundary layer with pressure gradients

The boundary layer develops along a flat plate with a Reynolds number high enough to sustain turbulence and allow accurate experimental measurements, but low enough to allow a direct numerical simulation. A favourable pressure gradient just downstream of the trip (experiment) or inflow boundary (simulation) helps the turbulence to mature without unduly increasing the Reynolds number. The pressure gradient then reverses, and the β-parameter rises from −0.3 to +2. The wall-pressure distribution and Reynolds number of the simulation are matched to those of the experiment, as are the gross characteristics of the boundary layer at the inflow. This information would be sufficient to calculate the flow by another method. Extensive automation of the experiment allows a large measurement grid with long samples and frequent calibration of the hot wires. The simulation relies on the recent ‘fringe method’ with its numerical advantages and good inflow quality. After an inflow transient good agreement is observed; the differences, of up to 13%, are discussed. Moderate deviations from the law of the wall are found in the velocity profiles of the simulation. They are fully correlated with the pressure gradient, are in fair quantitative agreement with experimental results of Nagano, Tagawa & Tsuji. and are roughly the opposite of uncorrected mixing-length-model predictions. Large deviations from wall scaling are observed for other quantities, notably for the turbulence dissipation rate. The a1 structure parameter drops mildly in the upper layer with adverse pressure gradient.
Impact of Interstitial Lung Abnormalities on Disease Expression and Outcomes in COPD or Emphysema: A Systematic Review

Background Both COPD and interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are conditions associated with smoking and age. The impact of coexistent ILAs on the manifestations and outcomes of COPD or emphysema awaits evaluation. Methods We searched PubMed and Embase using Medical Subject Headings terms in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results Eleven studies were included in the review. The sample size of the studies ranged from 30 to 9579. ILAs were reported in 6.5% to 25.7% of the patients with COPD/emphysema, higher than that reported in the general populations. COPD/emphysema patients with ILAs were older, mostly male, and had a higher smoking index than those without ILAs. Hospital admission and mortality were increased in COPD patients with ILAs compared to those without ILAs, whereas the frequency of COPD exacerbations was discrepant in 2 of the studies. The FEV1 and FEV1% predicted tended to be higher in the group with ILAs, but not significantly in most of the studies. Conclusion ILAs were more frequent in subjects with COPD/emphysema than in the general population. ILAs may have a negative impact on hospital admission and mortality of COPD/emphysema. The impact of ILAs on lung functions and exacerbations of COPD/emphysema was discrepant in these studies. Further prospective studies are warranted to provide high-quality evidence of the association and interaction between COPD/emphysema and ILAs.
Perturbation analysis of electromagnetic geodesic acoustic modes

Lagrangian displacement and magnetic field perturbation response to the geodesic acoustic mode is analyzed by using the ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations in a large-aspect-ratio tokamak. δBθ, the poloidal component of magnetic field perturbation, has poloidal wave number m = 2 created by the poloidal displacement ξθ. The parallel perturbation of magnetic field, δB∥, has a poloidally asymmetric structure with m = 1 and is on the same order of magnitude with δBθ to the leading order. The radial displacement ξr is of order O(βϵξθ) but plays a significant role in determining δB∥, where β is the plasma/magnetic pressure ratio and ϵ is the inverse aspect ratio.
On the differential equation satisfied by the random measure density of a jump-type Fleming–Viot process

The subject matter of this paper is the so-called jump-type Fleming–Viot process. The main result shows that the density of the process has a representation as the solution of a stochastic partial differential equation. When reduced to the Fleming–Viot process, our result recovers the result of N. Konno and T. Shiga [Stochastic partial differential equations for some measure-valued diffusions, Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 79 (1988), pp. 201–225].
Revisiting an Old Concept: The Gradient Wind*

AbstractThe gradient wind is defined as a horizontal wind having the same direction as the geostrophic wind but with a magnitude consistent with a balance of three forces: the pressure gradient force, the Coriolis force, and the centrifugal force arising from the curvature of a parcel trajectory. This definition is not sufficient to establish a single way of computing the gradient wind. Different results arise depending upon what is taken to be the parcel trajectory and its curvature. To clarify these distinctions, contour and natural gradient winds are defined and subdivided into steady and nonsteady cases. Contour gradient winds are based only on the geostrophic streamfunction. Natural gradient winds are obtained using the actual wind. Even in cases for which the wind field is available along with the geostrophic streamfunction, it may be useful to obtain the gradient wind for comparison to the existing analyzed or forecast wind or as a force-balanced reference state. It is shown that the nonanomalous (.
Image-enhanced thermal-wave slice diffraction tomography with numerically simulated reconstructions

Thermal-wave slice diffraction tomography (TSDT) is a photothermal imaging technique for non-destructive evaluation (NDE), leading to the detection of subsurface cross sectional defects in opaque solids in the very-near-surface region ( - mm). An exact, Green's-function based mathematical model that represents the behaviour of a three-dimensional thermal wave is developed and correlated with a numerical reconstruction technique. The computational technique utilizes the well known Tikhonov regularization method to invert almost singular matrices resulting from the ill-posedness of the inverse thermal-wave problem for the reconstruction of thermal diffusivity cross sectional images in materials. Numerical calculations of the inverse problem are carried out using the Born approximation and simulated reconstructions in back scattering and transmission are presented.
Transition to unsteady nonperiodic state in a through‐flow lid‐driven cavity

A flush‐mounted hot‐film anemometer is used to investigate the transition to unsteady flow in a lid‐driven cavity with a small amount of through flow. The quantitative measurements with the hot‐film probe confirm the transition from steady to time‐periodic state from previous flow visualization studies and show a second transition in the primary state from time‐periodic to quasiperiodic flow and a transition to a state with a broad band of frequencies typical of a chaotic state. From these results, it is concluded that the transition to unsteady nonperiodic state in this system is through a torus bifurcation.
Solar p-mode frequency splittings

Measurements of solar p-mode frequency splittings based on 100 days of solar Doppler observations are presented. The measurements have a high S/N ratio and show the dependence of splitting on radial order as well as spherical harmonic degree. The data confirm that the solar rotation rate is not constant on cylinders but is more closely represented as having only slight variation with radius throught the convection zone. Also, it is shown that the frequency splitting vary with solar cycle. 18 references.
Association and predictive value of soluble thrombomodulin with mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous illness that has a high mortality rate. The role and predictive value of soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) in ARDS mortality is disputable, so the present study aimed to evaluate the association and predictive value of sTM for the in-hospital mortality of ARDS. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chongqing VIP, WanFang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Biomedical Literature databases were searched for relevant literature published before October 10, 2022. Relevant observable studies were included for analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and QUAPAS (Quality Assessment of Prognostic Accuracy Studies) were employed to appraise the quality of the included studies. Results Thirteen articles were included in the present study. The eligible studies were of moderate to high quality [Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) 5-8 scores], and the high risk of bias in the included studieson predictive value was mainly distributed in participant and analysis domains of QUAPAS. There were 1,992 patients with ARDS, and 538 died. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that nonsurvivors had more significantly increased sTM levels than did survivors [standardized mean difference (SMD) =1.473; 95% CI: 0.874–2.072; P<0.001]. Elevated sTM levels had an independent correlation with higher mortality in patients with ARDS [pooled odds ratio (OR) =2.126; 95% CI: 1.548–2.920; P<0.001]. sTM showed satisfactory performance in predicting the mortality of ARDS [summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) =0.78; 95% CI: 0.64–0.89]. The pooled sensitivity was 72% (95% CI: 66–77%), and the pooled specificity was 77% (95% CI: 72–82%). Subgroup analysis showed no significant difference in the sTM levels between nonsurvivors and survivors in terms of patients with direct ARDS (SMD =0.813; 95% CI: –0.673 to 2.229; P=0.253). Conclusions sTM is associated with hospital mortality in ARDS and shows moderate predictive performance. As a result, it is a potential candidate for predicting the mortality of ARDS. However, caution is needed when sTM is used to predict adverse outcomes in patients with direct ARDS.
Dielectric and Mossbauer Studies of Perovskite Multiferroics

Mossbauer spectra studies were used to determine the temperatures of magnetic phase transitions in some Fe-containing perovskite multiferroics and their solid solutions. In compositionally disordered materials the temperature TN of antiferromagnetic phase transition depends linearly on Fe3+ content. Partial ordering of Fe3+ and B5+ cations in Pb(Fe1/2B1/2)O3 (B = Nb, Ta) ternary perovskites decreases TN by more than 50 K. At the same time the temperature T m of dielectric permittivity maximum remains unchanged for Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 and increases for Pb(Fe1/2Ta1/2)O3. These results are in line with existing theoretical models of B-cation ordering effect on TN and T m values in PbB3+ 1/2B5+ 1/2O3 perovskites.
Interpretable and explainable machine learning: A methods‐centric overview with concrete examples

Interpretability and explainability are crucial for machine learning (ML) and statistical applications in medicine, economics, law, and natural sciences and form an essential principle for ML model design and development. Although interpretability and explainability have escaped a precise and universal definition, many models and techniques motivated by these properties have been developed over the last 30 years, with the focus currently shifting toward deep learning. We will consider concrete examples of state‐of‐the‐art, including specially tailored rule‐based, sparse, and additive classification models, interpretable representation learning, and methods for explaining black‐box models post hoc. The discussion will emphasize the need for and relevance of interpretability and explainability, the divide between them, and the inductive biases behind the presented “zoo” of interpretable models and explanation methods.
Iodine Status, Thyroid Disorder and Feto-Maternal Outcome among the Tribal Pregnant Women of Eastern Himalayas

Introduction: Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorder during pregnancy have adverse effects on fetal and neonatal outcomes. Objective: To assess iodine status and thyroid functioning during pregnancy and to evaluate the feto-maternal outcome. Methods: Urinary iodine content (UIC) is determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry method and thyroid hormone analysis was carried out by chemiluminescence assay. Fetal and neonatal outcomes were obtained from hospital records. Results: Among the considered tribal pregnant women 56.75% had insufficient urinary iodine and 24.5% had a thyroid disorder. Thyroid disorder was more common in pregnant women with urinary iodine concentration (UIC) <99 μg/L than UIC >150 μg/L (56.75% vs 41.5%). Pregnant women with UIC<99 μg/L had a higher incidence of anemia (86.36%), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (3.33%), and preeclampsia (5.71%) than UIC >150 μg/L. The fetal outcome with UIC <99 μg/L had a higher incidence of low birth weight (9.09%) and preterm births (1.9%). Stillbirths were distributed equally among different UIC groups. The neonatal outcomes with UIC <99 μg/L between 150-249 μg/L had a higher incidence of respiratory distress (5.23%). Hypothermia was equally distributed among different UIC groups. Subclinical hypothyroid had a high prevalence of anemia (62.96%), preeclampsia (3.7%), and GDM (6.17%) respectively than the euthyroid group. The fetal outcome with low birth weight (LBW) (9.87%), stillbirths (3.7%), and preterm birth (8.64%) was more common in the subclinical hypothyroid than in the euthyroid group. Among the neonatal outcomes respiratory distress (6.17%) and hypothermia (4.93%) were more common in subclinical hypothyroid than euthyroid pregnant women. Conclusion: Insufficient maternal iodine and thyroid disorders during pregnancy were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
On core compressibility of sandwich composite panels subjected to intense underwater shock loads

Novel analytical models have been proposed in this study which extends current available fluid-structure interaction (FSI) theories for explosion induced shock loading on monolithic and laminated composite plates to sandwich composite panels, featuring core compression. The proposed models have been asymptotically validated against other FSI existing theories in low pressure range. A qualitative comparative analysis of the proposed models has been made with other existing FSI theories from the viewpoint of energy conservation. Core compression as predicted by the proposed models can be utilized for more economical, robust design of blast resistant sandwich composite structures.
Screening the Carbon Source Type in Solid-State Fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium to Improve the Forage Value of Corn Straw and Rice Straw

Simple Summary The addition of carbon sources to white rot fermentation straw can promote the decomposition of organic matter by white rot fungi, shorten the fermentation cycle, and help retain more nutrients in the straw feed. Carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, molasses, or soluble starch) were added in 21 days of fermentation of corn and rice straw by white rot fungus (Phanerocacee pusosporium). The results showed that the molasses and glucose as carbon sources showed the greatest enhancement in the nutritional value of maize and rice straw after 14 days of solid-state fermentation (SSF) treatment. Abstract Poor quality straw can be made more digestible and palatable through delignification using white rot fungi as a biological treatment in SSF. The decomposition of organic matter by white rot fungi is improved when a carbon source is added. Reducing the fermentation cycle can also help retain more nutrients in straw feed. To increase rumen digestibility and nutrient utilization, corn straw and rice straw were subjected to SSF with white rot fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) for 21 days. The type of carbon source (glucose, sucrose, molasses, or soluble starch) was optimized, and the nutrient composition and in vitro fermentation parameters of the fermented straw were assessed. In the fermented corn straw and rice straw supplemented with different carbon sources, the results showed a decrease in lignin content, dry matter, cellulose, and hemicellulose loss, and an increase in crude protein content after 21 days. Total volatile fatty acid and ammonium nitrogen concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.01) during in vitro fermentation. Overall, the most enhanced nutritional values for corn straw and rice straw were observed after 14 days of SSF in the groups using molasses or glucose as a carbon source.
In vitro Evaluation of Paliperidone Palmitate Loaded Cubosomes Effective for Nasal-to-Brain Delivery

Introduction This work aimed to develop chitosan-coated cubosomal nanoparticles intended for nose-to-brain delivery of paliperidone palmitate. They were compared with standard and cationic cubosomal nanoparticles. This comparison relies on numerous classical in vitro tests and powder deposition within a 3D-printed nasal cast. Methods Cubosomal nanoparticles were prepared by a Bottom-up method followed by a spray drying process. We evaluated their particle size, polydispersity index, zeta-potential, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, mucoaffinity properties and morphology. The RPMI 2650 cell line was used to assess the cytotoxicity and cellular permeation. An in vitro deposition test within a nasal cast completed these measurements. Results The selected chitosan-coated cubosomal nanoparticles loaded with paliperidone palmitate had a size of 305.7 ± 22.54 nm, their polydispersity index was 0.166 ± 0.022 and their zeta potential was +42.4 ± 0.2 mV. This formulation had a drug loading of 70% and an encapsulation efficiency of 99.7 ± 0.1%. Its affinity with mucins was characterized by a ΔZP of 20.93 ± 0.31. Its apparent permeability coefficient thought the RPMI 2650 cell line was 3.00E-05 ± 0.24E-05 cm/s. After instillation in a 3D-printed nasal cast, the fraction of the injected powder deposited in the olfactory region reached 51.47 ± 9.30% in the right nostril and 41.20 ± 4.59% in the left nostril, respectively. Conclusion The chitosan coated cubosomal formulation seems to be the most promising formulation for nose-to-brain delivery. Indeed, it has a high mucoaffinity and a significantly higher apparent permeability coefficient than the two other formulations. Finally, it reaches well the olfactory region.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Burden in Community-Dwelling and Long-Term Care Facility Older Adults in Europe and the United States: A Prospective Study

Abstract Background Data on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease burden in adults remain scarce. We assessed the burden of confirmed RSV-acute respiratory infections (cRSV-ARIs) in community-dwelling (CD) adults and those in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Methods In this prospective cohort study covering 2 RSV seasons (October 2019–March 2020 and October 2020–June 2021), RSV-ARIs were identified through active surveillance, in medically stable CD-adults ≥50 years (Europe) or adults ≥65 years in LTCFs (Europe and the United States). RSV infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction from combined nasal and throat swabs. Results Of 1981 adults enrolled, 1251 adults in CD and 664 LTCFs (season 1) and 1223 adults in CD and 494 LTCFs (season 2) were included in the analyses. During season 1, overall incidence rates ([IRs] cases/1000 person-years) and attack rates (ARs) for cRSV-ARIs were 37.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.62–61.35) and 1.84% in adults in CD and 47.85 (CI, 22.58–101.4) and 2.26% in adults in LTCFs. Complications occurred for 17.4% (CD) and 13.3% (LTCFs) of cRSV-ARIs. One cRSV-ARI occurred in season 2 (IR = 2.91 [CI, 0.40–20.97]; AR = 0.20%), without complications. No cRSV-ARIs led to hospitalization or death. Viral pathogens were codetected in ≤17.4% of cRSV-ARIs. Conclusions RSV is an important cause of disease burden in adults in CD and LTCFs. Despite the observed low severity of cRSV-ARI, our results support the need for RSV prevention strategies among adults ≥50 years old.
Site-selective x-ray-excited thermoluminescence and fluorescence of ZrO2 from the local structure of the Zr L3 edge

The results presented are an investigation of the local structure of a ZrO2 sample using site-selective x-ray, excited fluorescence, and thermoluminescence methods. The experimental results demonstrate that fluorescence and thermoluminescence yield an x-ray absorption near-edge structure at the Zr L3 edge that depends on the x-ray photon energy associated with the transition from a Zr 2p3∕2 occupied state to a 4d unoccupied state. Although conventional fluorescence measured by x-ray absorption yields the average structure over all Zr, the thermoluminescence yield measured by x-ray absorption provides information on the local structure of Zr only after a long period of phosphorescence. Furthermore, the x-ray absorption of the ZrO2 sample leads to competitive fluorescence and phosphorescence owing to deexcitation of a core hole.