Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mycelia and spent fermentation broth of Beauveria bassiana incorporated into synthetic diets affect mortality, growth and development of larval Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract Beauveria bassiana endophytically colonises corn (Zea mays) reducing tunneling from European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). Endophytic colonisation of other plants by B. bassiana has been reported, and potentially, may reduce insect feeding on these plants. We evaluated the effects on larval growth and development, and mortality of different rates of dried, ground mycelia and water-soluble metabolites from fermentation broth culture of different isolates of B. bassiana incorporated into a synthetic diet and fed to neonate bollworm, Helicoverpa zea larvae. Development was delayed, weights of larvae were lower, and mortality was high for larvae fed the highest rates (1.0 and 5.0%, w/v) of mycelia incorporated diet compared to control. Insects fed diets containing mycelia of B. bassiana isolate 11-98 had the greatest mortality. Mortality was 100% for larvae fed 5% (w/v) mycelia incorporated diet of isolate 11-98, and 61% for isolate 3-00. For insects fed low rates (0.1 to 0.5%, w/v) of mycelia incorporated diet, mortality was lower, approximately 5% for isolate 11-98, and 5 to 14% for isolate 3-00. At the 0.1% (w/v) rate of mycelia incorporated diet, development occurred at an accelerated rate, compared to fungus-free controls, indicating increased nutrition in the lowest rate fungal diet. Mortality was low for all larvae fed diets containing spent fermentation broth of B. bassiana; however, development was delayed. Insects fed the highest rate (0.5%, v/v) of spent fermentation broth-amended diet had lower pupal weights, and a greater number of days to pupation than insects fed the lowest (0.1%, v/v) rate. Insects fed the 5% (v/v) rate of spent fermentation broth of isolates 11-98 and 3-00 had the longest days to pupation.
Weed Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Cloransulam and Diclosulam1

Abstract: Field studies were conducted in 1997 and 1998 to evaluate weed control and soybean (Glycine max) yield with cloransulam and diclosulam. Cloransulam at 35 g/ha applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) controlled at least 91% of hyssop spurge (Euphorbia hyssopifolia) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa) and at least 82% of entireleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula) and pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) at 7 wk after planting. Control of these species with cloransulam was not affected by method of soil application. Control of prickly sida with cloransulam PPI or PRE was better than with cloransulam postemergence (POST) at 18 g/ha. Soybean yields were similar with cloransulam PPI (2,880 kg/ha) or PRE (3,110 kg/ha) and were comparable to imazaquin PRE at 140 g/ha (3,080 kg/ha). Weed control and soybean yields with cloransulam POST were similar to that with chlorimuron POST at 11 g/ha. SAN 582 plus cloransulam PRE followed by cloransulam POST provided the highest soybean yield (3,450 kg/ha). Diclosulam PPI or PRE provided similar levels of control of hyssop spurge, Ipomoea morningglories, and prickly sida. Overall, control of these species with diclosulam PPI or PRE was similar to that obtained with sulfentrazone plus chlorimuron PRE. Soybean yields (≥ 3,290 kg/ha) were similar regardless of method of diclosulam application, and yields were equivalent to that of sulfentrazone plus chlorimuron PRE (3,270 kg/ha). Nomenclature: Chlorimuron, ethyl 2-[[[[4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoate; cloransulam, 3-chloro-2-[[(5-ethoxy-7-fluoro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-2yl)sulfonyl]amino]benzoic acid, methyl ester; diclosulam, N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethoxy-7-fluoro[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-c]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide; SAN 582 (proposed common name, dimethenamid), 2-chloro-N-[(1-methyl-2-methoxy)ethyl]-N-(2,4-dimethyl-thien-3-yl)acetamide; imazaquin, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imadazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid; sulfentrazone, N-[2,4-dichloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-phenyl]methanesulfonamide; entireleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray #3 IPOHG; hyssop spurge, Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. # EPHHS; pitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. # IPOLA; prickly sida, Sida spinosa L. # SIDSP; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘DP 3588. ’ Additional index words: Metolachlor, SAN 582, EPHHS, IPOHG, IPOLA, PANRA, SIDSP. Abbreviations: fb, followed by; POST, postemergence; PPI, preplant incorporated; PRE, preemergence; WAP, weeks after planting.
Linezolid-Associated Neurologic Adverse Events in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, France

Linezolid is one of the most effective drugs for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB), but adverse effects remain problematic. We evaluated 57 MDR TB patients who had received >1 dose of linezolid during 2011–2016. Overall, patients received 600 mg/day of linezolid for a median of 13 months. In 33 (58%) patients, neurologic or ophthalmologic signs developed, and 18 (32%) had confirmed peripheral neuropathy, which for 78% was irreversible at 12 months after the end of TB treatment despite linezolid withdrawal. Among the 19 patients who underwent ophthalmologic evaluation, 14 patients had optic neuropathy that fully reversed for 2. A total of 16 (33%) of 49 patients had a linezolid trough concentration >2 mg/L, and among these, 14 (88%) experienced adverse effects. No significant association was found between trough concentration and neurologic toxicity. These findings suggest the need to closely monitor patients for neurologic signs and discuss optimal duration of linezolid treatment.
The Sourdough Microflora. Cellular Localization and Characterization of Proteolytic Enzymes in Lactic Acid Bacteria

Abstract Peptide hydrolase and proteinase activities of nine strains (eight species) of sourdough homo- and heterofermentative Lactobacillus were determined and their subcellular distribution localized. Aminopeptidase, dipeptidase, tripeptidase and iminopeptidase activities were measurable in all strains, but all four activities were highest in L. brevis subsp. lindneri CBI and A79. Low carboxypeptidase activity was detected in L. fructivorans DD1 and L. plantarum DC400 only. While aminopeptidase and iminopeptidase activity was detected mainly in the cytoplasmic fraction, dipeptidase and tripeptidase activity was found to be associated with the cell wall and membrane. Activity of endopeptidase on methionine enkephalin was quite similar in all strains and more than 90% of this activity was located in the cytoplasm. The level of proteolytic activity on casein and gluten was very variable and strain-dependent. Proteolytic activity was detected only in the cytoplasm and cell wall-associated fractions. Heterofermentative L. brevis subsp. lindneri strains and homofermentative L. plantarum DC400 and L. farciminis CC1 accumulated the highest level of free amino acids at the end of sourdough fermentation. These strains showed high proteolytic acitivity on gluten and especially high peptidase activities.
What Could Influence Workers' Decisions to Disclose a Mental Illness at Work?

Background: Stigma can be a barrier for workers experiencing a mental illness to access accommodations at work. However, work accommodations may be necessary to maintain a worker's ability to work. Therefore, it may be important to develop effective interventions to address workplace stigma. Objective: To determine (1) what proportion of workers would probably disclose their mental health issue to their manager, (2) what are the motivating factors for the decision of whether or not to disclose, and (3) what would potentially change the disclosure decision? Methods: A link to a Web-based questionnaire was sent to a nationally representative sample of 1671 Dutch adults over 18 years of age. The response rate was 74%. We focused on the 892 respondents who indicated they were either employed for pay or looking for employment, not in management positions, and never experienced a mental health issue. This group comprised 73% of the total sample. They were asked if they would disclose their mental health issue to their manager. For what reasons would they disclose/not disclose the issue? And, what could change their decision? Results: We found that almost 75% of workers would disclose to their managers. The perceived relationship with their managers and feelings of responsibility to their workplaces were important contributors to the decision. A large minority of workers would not tell, preferring to deal with their issues alone. In addition, a significant proportion of workers would choose not to disclose fearing negative consequences. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the majority of these Dutch workers would disclose a mental health issue to their managers. The relationship with the manager plays a central role. The advice from a trusted individual and the experiences of colleagues are also significant factors in the disclosure decision.
Non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFA) enhance the inflammatory response in renal tubules by inducing extracellular ATP release.

In proteinuric renal diseases, excessive plasma non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFA) bound to albumin can leak across damaged glomeruli to be reabsorbed by renal proximal tubular cells and cause inflammatory tubular cellsdamage by as yet unknown mechanisms. The present study was designed to investigate these mechanisms induced by palmitic acid (PA, one of NEFA) overload. Our results show that excess PA stimulates ATP release through the pannexin1 (Panx1) channel in human renal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2); increasing extracellular ATP (eATP) concentration approximately three-fold in comparison with control. The ATP release is dependent on caspase-3/7 activation induced by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Furthermore, eATP aggravates PA-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) secretion and monocyte infiltration of tubular cells, enlarging the inflammatory response in both macrophages and HK-2 cells via the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R)-mTOR-FOXO1-TXNIP/NLRP3inflammasome pathway. Hence, PA increases mtROS-induced ATP release and inflammatory stress, which cause a 'first hit', while ATP itself is a 'second hit' in amplifying the renal tubular inflammatory response; thus, inhibition of ATP release or P2X7R may be an approach to reduce renal inflammation and improve renal function.
Antioxidant or pro-oxidant? The effects of boron compounds on Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 strain

Abstract Boron is one of the most important elements with its indisputable biological importance and widespread use. The most studied derivatives of the boron element are boric acid and its salts. In this article, we searched the effects of boric acid and its lithium salt, lithium metaborate, on enzymatic defense system, cell damage, and cell surface morphology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 strain. It was found that while all studied concentrations of boric acid showed toxicity against the yeast, even the highest studied concentration of lithium metaborate could not effectively inhibit cell viability. In addition, we observed reverse effect of lithium metaborate depend on its concentration on yeast cell proliferation and metabolic activity. As a defense mechanism, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities were significantly induced in yeast cells treated with boric acid. But these inductions could not protect cells from boric acid induced lipid peroxidation. It was determined that glutathione S-transferase was the only enzyme induced after lithium metaborate treatment. Finally, we visualized the signs of features of necrotic and early apoptotic mechanisms in yeast cells treated with boric acid and lithium metaborate, respectively, which should be investigated with further studies.
Emotional Dissonance in the Spanish Services Sector: The Role of Support in the Workplace

Abstract The purpose of this study was twofold. The first aim was to analyze the detrimental effect that emotional dissonance may have on service workers by testing its relationship with job satisfaction, intention to leave the organization, and organizational deviance. The second was to test whether two types of social support (i.e., co-worker and organizational support) and their combination moderate these relationships from a multilevel perspective. The sample was composed of 556 employees from Spanish service sector. Using random coefficient models analyses, results showed, first, that emotional dissonance was related to lower levels of job satisfaction (PE = –.1, p < .05) and higher levels of intention to leave the organization (PE = .12, p < .05); second, that co-worker support moderate the relationship between emotional dissonance and job satisfaction (PE = .10, p < .05), organizational deviance (PE = –.08, p < .05), and intention to leave the organization (PE = –.13, p < .05); third, organizational support, conceptualized as a collective construct at organizational level, moderate the relationship between emotional dissonance and organizational deviance (PE = –.08, p < .05); and finally, the combination of both types of support do not explained additional variance of the emotional dissonance-outcomes relation. These results underline the need to take into consideration different source of social support and their levels of analysis to better understand emotional dissonance and its outcomes.
Association between tuberculosis and COVID‐19 severity and mortality: A rapid systematic review and meta‐analysis

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic and the number of infected cases continues to rise. As of July 8, 2020, a total of 11,669,259 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported worldwide, with a mortality rate of 4.6% 1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The pastoral significance, adaptive characteristics, and grazing value of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in dryland environments in Australia: a review

The importance of white clover as a pasture legume of international significance has led to major investment in research on ecophysiology, germplasm conservation, and white clover improvement. Despite the agronomic merit and economic significance of white clover, Australia lacks white clover cultivars that possess adaptive characteristics for persistence in mixed swards under sheep and cattle grazing. The major problem with contemporary white clover cultivars is that clover biomass fluctuates widely from year to year. This lack of reliability, particularly in dryland environments, is largely due to poor survival during summer moisture stress that is common to much of the Australian white clover zone. Factors such as edaphic constraints, intolerance of grass competition and close grazing, and lack of winter growth in cold environments also influence the contribution of white clover to pasture performance. This paper considers the mechanisms of regeneration, adaptive characteristics, and significance of white clover for animal production, and reflects on breeding objectives for white clover improvement.
Prominin‐1‐expressing hepatic progenitor cells induce fibrogenesis in murine cholestatic liver injury

Cholestatic liver injury is associated with intrahepatic biliary fibrosis, which can progress to cirrhosis. Resident hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) expressing Prominin‐1 (Prom1 or CD133) become activated and participate in the expansion of cholangiocytes known as the ductular reaction. Previously, we demonstrated that in biliary atresia, Prom1(+) HPCs are present within developing fibrosis and that null mutation of Prom1 significantly abrogates fibrogenesis. Here, we hypothesized that these activated Prom1‐expressing HPCs promote fibrogenesis in cholestatic liver injury. Using Prom1CreERT2‐nLacZ/+;Rosa26Lsl‐GFP/+ mice, we traced the fate of Prom1‐expressing HPCs in the growth of the neonatal and adult livers and in biliary fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Prom1‐expressing cell lineage labeling with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) on postnatal day 1 exhibited an expanded population as well as bipotent differentiation potential toward both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes at postnatal day 35. However, in the adult liver, they lost hepatocyte differentiation potential. Upon cholestatic liver injury, adult Prom1‐expressing HPCs gave rise to both PROM1(+) and PROM1(‐) cholangiocytes contributing to ductular reaction without hepatocyte or myofibroblast differentiation. RNA‐sequencing analysis of GFP(+) Prom1‐expressing HPC lineage revealed a persistent cholangiocyte phenotype and evidence of Transforming Growth Factor‐β pathway activation. When Prom1‐expressing cells were ablated with induced Diphtheria toxin in Prom1CreERT‐nLacZ/+;Rosa26DTA/+ mice, we observed a decrease in ductular reactions and biliary fibrosis typically present in BDL as well as decreased expression of numerous fibrogenic gene markers. Our data indicate that Prom1‐expressing HPCs promote biliary fibrosis associated with activation of myofibroblasts in cholestatic liver injury.
The effect of role-related stressors on nurses' burnout syndrome: The mediating role of work-related stress.

PURPOSE This study sought to investigate the effects of role conflict, role ambiguity, and workload on burnout syndrome among clinical nurses working in university hospitals and the mediating role of work-related stress in these effects. DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted. Data from 386 nurses were evaluated. The research variables were analyzed using statistical methods such as factor analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, Sobel tests, and bootstrapping method. FINDINGS It was determined that role conflict, role ambiguity, workload, and work-related stress affect nurses' burnout significantly and work-related stress has a mediator role between burnout and the independent variables. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses' burnout syndrome can be prevented if managerial practices to reduce the sources of role-related stressors and work-related stress are implemented by managers.
Synergies between climate change, extinctions and invasive vertebrates.

There is mounting evidence for the direct ecological impacts of recent climate change, and for amplifying feedbacks, in both directions, with other drivers of biodiversity loss, such as habitat fragmentation and overexploitation. Surprisingly, however, empirical and experimental data on the links between climate change and species introductions are scant, especially for invasive vertebrates. Because the theoretical basis for their mutually reinforced impact is strong, this dearth of evidence likely reflects the difficulty in studying such interactions, and insufficient attention to this topic, rather than a genuine lack of association. Given the unprecedented rate of recent and predicted future climate change, and the continued exponential rise in species invasions worldwide, it is imperative that we sharpen our scientific focus so as to best equip wildlife managers with the knowledge to tackle this inevitable synergy of threats.
Carbon emission and sequestration by agricultural land use: a model study for Europe

A model was developed to calculate carbon fluxes from agricultural soils. The model includes the effects of crop (species, yield and rotation), climate (temperature, rainfall and evapotranspiration) and soil (carbon content and water retention capacity) on the carbon budget of agricultural land. The changes in quality of crop residues and organic material as a result of changes in CO2 concentration and changed management were not considered in this model. The model was parameterized for several arable crops and grassland. Data from agricultural, meteorological, soil, and land use databases were input to the model, and the model was used to evaluate the effects of different carbon dioxide mitigation measures on soil organic carbon in agricultural areas in Europe. Average carbon fluxes under the business as usual scenario in the 2008–2012 commitment period were estimated at 0.52 tC ha−1 y−1 in grassland and −0.84 tC ha−1 y−1 in arable land. Conversion of arable land to grassland yielded a flux of 1.44 tC ha−1 y−1. Farm management related activities aiming at carbon sequestration ranged from 0.15 tC ha−1 y−1 for the incorporating of straw to 1.50 tC ha−1 y−1 for the application of farmyard manure. Reduced tillage yields a positive flux of 0.25 tC ha−1 y−1. The indirect effect associated with climate was an order of magnitude lower. A temperature rise of 1 °C resulted in a −0.05 tC ha−1 y−1 change whereas the rising CO2 concentrations gave a 0.01 tC ha−1 y−1 change. Estimates are rendered on a 0.5 × 0.5° grid for the commitment period 2008–2012. The study reveals considerable regional differences in the effectiveness of carbon dioxide abatement measures, resulting from the interaction between crop, soil and climate. Besides, there are substantial differences between the spatial patterns of carbon fluxes that result from different measures.
Briquetting of sugarcane bagasse as a proper waste management technology in Vietnam

The present research describes an application of high-pressure briquetting technology to the waste management of sugarcane processing in Vietnam. The amount of generated sugarcane bagasse was monitored during sugarcane processing within the street juice production in Hue city, Vietnam. Generated sugarcane bagasse was subjected to fuel parameters analysis within its suitability for direct combustion. The obtained sugarcane bagasse was converted into bio-briquette fuel by a high-pressure briquetting press and its mechanical quality was determined. Results proved that the proportion of generated sugarcane bagasse from whole sugarcane stem mass was equal to 35.45%. This indicated generation of an abundant amount of sugarcane bagasse worldwide in general. Fuel parameters analysis proved high quality level of low ash content = 0.97% and high calorific values (gross calorific value = 18.35 MJ·kg-1, net calorific value = 17.06 MJ·kg-1), which indicated good suitability for direct combustion processes. Indicators of mechanical quality proved the following observations: mechanical durability = 99.29%, compressive strength = 150.82 N∙mm-1 and bulk density = 1022.44 kg·m-3, with all these indicators representing positive results. In general, the observed results indicated suitability of sugarcane bagasse valorization within the production of bio-briquette fuel by using high-pressure briquetting technology. Finally, analysis of such waste biomass proved its great potential for energy recovery, thus, the advantage of its valorization within the sustainable technologies.