Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sarcosaprophagous Muscid Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Assemblages Along an Anthropized Gradient in the Humid Chaco Ecoregion, Chaco Province, Argentina

Abstract Deforestation, agriculture, farmyard animal husbandry, and urbanization are known to be the main causes of biodiversity loss and habitat fragmentation. The present study evaluated the role of anthropization in modulating Muscidae (Diptera) assemblages in the Humid Chaco ecoregion of Argentina, by testing the biotic homogenization and intermediate disturbance hypotheses. The study focused on natural, rural, and urban habitats in San Lorenzo Department, Chaco Province, where sarcosaprophagous muscid flies were surveyed. A total of 1,343 muscid flies were captured and identified to 7 genera and 24 species and morphospecies. We observed the effect of anthropization on the structuring of the assemblages and the presence of exotic species associated with human activity resulting from biotic homogenization. The highest abundance was recorded in the urban habitat, while the highest species richness and diversity (Shannon-Wienner and Hill's numbers) were found in the rural habitat, supporting the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Several species are classified as indicators of habitat as well as according to their index of synanthropy. Our results provide valuable information about the use of sarcosaprophagous muscids as indicators of disturbance of natural habitats and about possible health risks related to this family of Calyptratae flies previously unsurveyed in northeastern Argentina. This information could be used in the ecological, agronomy, sanitary, and forensic fields. Graphical Abstract
Experimental and computational study of laminar cavity flows at hypersonic speeds

This paper presents a combined experimental/computational study of a surface cavity in a low Reynolds number Mach 9 flow. The geometry is based on a body of revolution, which produces highly two-dimensional time-averaged flow for all experimental test cases. A range of cavity length-to-depth ratios, up to a maximum of 8, is investigated. These correspond to ‘closed’ cavity flows, with the free shear layer bridging the entire cavity. For most cases the free shear layer is laminar. However, there is evidence of three-dimensional unsteadiness which is believed to be the consequence of Taylor–Görtler-type vortex formation. The effect of this is first detected on the cavity floor but progressively spreads as the cavity length is increased. For the longest cavities the flow is also influenced by the early stages of laminar–turbulent transition in the free shear layer.
Neural networks for localized approximation of real functions

The problem of constructing universal networks capable of approximating all functions having bounded derivatives is discussed. It is demonstrated that, using standard ideas from the theory of spline approximation, it is possible to construct such networks to provide localized approximation. The networks can be used to implement multivariate analogues of the Chui-Wang wavelets (1990) and also for the simultaneous approximation of a function and its derivative. The number of neurons required to yield the desired approximation at any point does not depend upon the degree of accuracy desired. <<ETX>>
Acute pain management and long term outcomes

Purpose of review The acute inflammatory reaction induced by tissue trauma causes pain but also promotes recovery. Recovery is highly variable among peoples. Effective acute pain (AP) management is very important but remains suboptimal what could affect long term outcomes. The review questions the impact of either failure or effectiveness of AP treatments and the choice of analgesic drugs on different long-term outcomes after tissue trauma. Recent findings Pain control during mobilization is mandatory to reduce the risk of complications which exacerbate and prolong the inflammatory response to trauma, impairing physical recovery. Common analgesic treatments show considerable variability in effectiveness among peoples what argues for an urgent need to develop personalized AP management, that is, finding better responders to common analgesics and targeting challenging patients for more invasive procedures. Optimal multimodal analgesia to spare opioids administration remains a priority as opioids may enhance neuroinflammation, which underlies pain persistence and precipitates neurocognitive decline in frail patients. Finally, recent findings demonstrate that AP treatments which modulate nociceptive and inflammatory pain should be used with caution as drugs which inhibit inflammation like nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and corticoids might interfere with natural recovery processes. Summary Effective and safe AP management is of far greater importance than previously realized. Evidence of suboptimal AP management in many patients and recent reports pointing out the impact of current treatments on long term outcomes argue for further research in the field.
Enhanced emission efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes using deoxyribonucleic acid complex as an electron blocking layer

Enhanced electroluminescent efficiency using a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) complex as an electron blocking (EB) material has been demonstrated in both green- and blue-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The resulting so-called BioLEDs showed a maximum luminous efficiency of 8.2 and 0.8cd∕A, respectively. The DNA-based BioLEDs were as much as 10× more efficient and 30× brighter than their OLED counterparts.
Insights into the Roles of Lipoteichoic Acids and MprF in Bacillus subtilis

In Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, the cell envelope is a structure that protects the cells from the environment but is also dynamic in that it must be modified in a controlled way to allow cell growth. In this study, we show that lipoteichoic acids (LTAs), which are anionic polymers attached to the membrane, have a direct role in modulating the cellular abundance of cell wall-degrading enzymes. ABSTRACT Gram-positive bacterial cells are protected from the environment by a cell envelope that is comprised of a thick layer of peptidoglycan that maintains cell shape and teichoic acid polymers whose biological function remains unclear. In Bacillus subtilis, the loss of all class A penicillin-binding proteins (aPBPs), which function in peptidoglycan synthesis, is conditionally lethal. Here, we show that this lethality is associated with an alteration of lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) and the accumulation of the major autolysin LytE in the cell wall. Our analysis provides further evidence that the length and abundance of LTAs act to regulate the cellular level and activity of autolytic enzymes, specifically LytE. Importantly, we identify a novel function for the aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol synthase MprF in the modulation of LTA biosynthesis in both B. subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. This finding has implications for our understanding of antimicrobial resistance (particularly to daptomycin) in clinically relevant bacteria and the involvement of MprF in the virulence of pathogens such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). IMPORTANCE In Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, the cell envelope is a structure that protects the cells from the environment but is also dynamic in that it must be modified in a controlled way to allow cell growth. In this study, we show that lipoteichoic acids (LTAs), which are anionic polymers attached to the membrane, have a direct role in modulating the cellular abundance of cell wall-degrading enzymes. We also find that the apparent length of the LTA is modulated by the activity of the enzyme MprF, previously implicated in modifications of the cell membrane leading to resistance to antimicrobial peptides. These findings are important contributions to our understanding of how bacteria balance cell wall synthesis and degradation to permit controlled growth and division. These results also have implications for the interpretation of antibiotic resistance, particularly for the clinical treatment of MRSA infections.
JOYCE: Jülich Observatory for cloud evolution

AbstractThe Julich Observatory for Cloud Evolution (JOYCE), located at Forschungszentrum Julich in the most western part of Germany, is a recently established platform for cloud research. The main objective of JOYCE is to provide observations, which improve our understanding of the cloudy boundary layer in a midlatitude environment. Continuous and temporally highly resolved measurements that are specifically suited to characterize the diurnal cycle of water vapor, stability, and turbulence in the lower troposphere are performed with a special focus on atmosphere–surface interaction. In addition, instruments are set up to measure the micro- and macrophysical properties of clouds in detail and how they interact with different boundary layer processes and the large-scale synoptic situation. For this, JOYCE is equipped with an array of state-of-the-art active and passive remote sensing and in situ instruments, which are briefly described in this scientific overview. As an example, a 24-h time series of the ev.
Reynolds number and aspect ratio effects on the leading-edge vortex for rotating insect wing planforms

Abstract Previous studies investigating the effect of aspect ratio ( $\mathit{AR}$ ) for insect-like regimes have reported seemingly different trends in aerodynamic forces, however no detailed flow observations have been made. In this study, the effect of $\mathit{AR}$ and Reynolds number on the flow structures over insect-like wings is explored using a numerical model of an altered fruit fly wing revolving at a constant angular velocity. Increasing the Reynolds number for an $\mathit{AR}$ of 2.91 resulted in the development of a dual leading-edge vortex (LEV) structure, however increasing $\mathit{AR}$ at a fixed Reynolds number generated the same flow structures. This result shows that the effects of Reynolds number and $\mathit{AR}$ are linked. We present an alternative scaling using wing span as the characteristic length to decouple the effects of Reynolds number from those of $\mathit{AR}$ . This results in a span-based Reynolds number, which can be used to independently describe the development of the LEV. Indeed, universal behaviour was found for various parameters using this scaling. The effect of $\mathit{AR}$ on the vortex structures and aerodynamic forces was then assessed at different span-based Reynolds numbers. Scaling the flow using the wing span was found to apply when a strong spanwise velocity is present on the leeward side of the wing and therefore may prove to be useful for similar studies involving flapping or rotating wings at high angles of attack.
Equity incentive contract characteristics and company operational performance—An empirical study of Chinese listed companies

Equity incentive, as an institutional arrangement for the coordination of the interests of shareholders and managers, has been widely implemented by public companies in developed capital markets throughout Europe and America. However, does it work and/or when might it be more effective in emerging market economies such as China? We aimed to understand the effects of equity incentive plans implemented by listed companies in China and the potential influence of the general characteristics of contracts on the effectiveness of equity incentive plans. Based on behavioral decision theory, this paper adopts a multivariate linear regression model to analyze the 1695 equity incentive plans implemented in Chinese listed companies between 2010 and 2018 with their two-year lagged performance data. The empirical results show that the operational performance of companies after implementing equity incentive plans shows a trend of polarization. In the 95% confidence interval, the effect of restrictive stock incentive and exercise-constrained variables is not significant, while the validity period has a significant positive correlation and incentive intensity has a significantly negative correlation with the company’s operational performance. Furthermore, the negative effects mentioned above become more obvious with a longer plan implementation period. Based on these conclusions, we suggest that companies could adopt equity incentive plans with a relatively longer validity period and more reasonable incentive intensity. Additionally, it would be better for companies to select non-restricted stocks as incentive tools if there is no obvious preference.
Affine Lines on Affine Surfaces and the Makar–Limanov Invariant

Abstract A smooth affine surface $X$ defined over the complex field $\mathbb{C}$ is an $\text{M}{{\text{L}}_{0}}$ surface if the Makar–Limanov invariant $\text{ML(}X\text{)}$ is trivial. In this paper we study the topology and geometry of $\text{M}{{\text{L}}_{0}}$ surfaces. Of particular interest is the question: Is every curve $C$ in $X$ which is isomorphic to the affine line a fiber component of an ${{\mathbb{A}}^{1}}$ -fibration on $X$ ? We shall show that the answer is affirmative if the Picard number $\rho (X)\,=\,0$ , but negative in case $\rho (X)\,\ge \,1$ . We shall also study the ascent and descent of the $\text{M}{{\text{L}}_{0}}$ property under proper maps.
Genetic and phenotypic profile of Fabry disease in the population of Vale do Paraiba and Eastern São Paulo

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fabry disease (FD) is an inborn error of metabolism characterized by α-galactosidase A deficiency. The primary objective was to evaluate the genetic and phenotypic profile of Fabry disease in hemodialysis. Methods: Observational cohort study to determine the incidence of genetic variations and phenotypic changes for FD in hemodialysis patients in the Paraiba Valley and Eastern São Paulo. Genetic testing for the GLA gene was performed for men and women over 12 years of age at the hemodialysis clinics between January 2016 and December 2019 as a screening protocol. Results: The cases came from screening exams of the index case among patients with chronic kidney disease, resulting in 17 families and totaling 82 patients under study. The classification of the most prevalent variant was that of uncertain significance (54%), followed by the pathogenic variant (46%). Five patients in two families were described with two types of variants not previously described in the literature, with pathogenic behavior. Comparing the types of variants, the presence of a pathogenic variant was associated with higher levels of lysoGB3, lower values for alpha-GAL activity and higher frequency of symptoms related to FD. Conclusion: We characterized an extensive population of patients with FD variants with rich genetic, clinical and biomarker details. We believe that this study can help to better characterize the Brazilian population with FD and the most frequent types of variants.
Extreme original data yield extreme decline effects

Clements et al. respond to Munday’s claim that his “reanalysis shows there is not an extreme decline effect in fish ocean acidification studies”. They contend that extreme data reported in early studies authored by Dixson and Munday indeed result in an “extreme” decline effect in this field, and conclude that the decline effect is primarily driven by papers by particular authors.
Assessing the impact of sand and dust storm on agriculture: Empirical evidence from Mongolia

Assessing the economic impact of sand and dust storms provides critical insights to policy development and reforms; a subject that is gaining more attention as risk management becomes the dominant approach for hazard mitigation policies. To assess the causal impact of sand and dust storms on agriculture, specifically on crop and livestock revenue and physical production, random year-to-year variations in dust exposure were analyzed using a fixed effect regression. To complete this analysis, weather and climate data from the on-ground meteorological stations was combined with the household level socioeconomic surveys conducted by Mongolia’s National Statistics Office (NSO) over a decade. The descriptive statistics of the meteorological data collected over the eight years period show that, on average, 29 dust events have occurred every year across the country, with greater variation among provinces (Aimags) and regions, reaching up to 108 events in a year in some provinces. The overall trend reveals a slight decrease in the dust events from 2009 to 2019. The econometric results show that value of crop and livestock production (gross income) and physical yields significantly decline in response to higher frequencies of sand and dust storms events. During this period, Mongolia experienced a 2.7% decline in crop revenue as a result of additional sand and dust storms. Assuming 2.7% constant decline in revenues across all agricultural sub-sectors and regions or Aimags, this could lead to about $37.8 million in losses to the economy, which is equivalent to about 0.27% of the national GDP of Mongolia. Increases in the frequency of sand and dust storms could reduce agricultural productivity by between 1.5% to 24%, depending on the crop. Estimates from the modelling exercise are robust to potential endogeneity bias in the measure of sand and dust storms; different specification and identification approaches accounting for the endogeneity bias consistently reveal negative and qualitatively similar impacts of sand and dust storms on crop and livestock productivity.
HypERlnc attenuates angiotensin II‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via promoting SIRT1 SUMOylation‐mediated activation of PGC‐1α/PPARα pathway in AC16 cells

Cardiac hypertrophy is a well‐established risk factor for cardiovascular mortality worldwide. According to a recent study, hypoxia‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress regulating long noncoding RNA (HypERlnc) is significantly reduced in the left ventricular myocardium of heart failure (HF) patients compared with healthy controls. However, the effect of HypERlnc on hypertrophy is unclear. In this study, the expression level of HypERlnc in serum of patients with chronic HF was analyzed. Moreover, the cardioprotective effect and mechanism of HypERlnc against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy were explored. Here, the level of HypERlnc expression was reduced in serum of patients with HF and in Angiotensin II (Ang II)‐stimulated AC16 cells. HypERlnc overexpression could reduce cell size and inhibit expression of hypertrophy genes (ANP, BNP, and β‐MHC) in the Ang II‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Meanwhile, HypERlnc could improve the Ang II‐induced energy metabolism dysfunction and mitochondrial damage via upregulating PGC‐1α/PPARα signaling pathway. Furthermore, it is found that SIRT1 SUMOylation mediated the HypERlnc‐induced inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the improvement of energy metabolism. Taken together, this study suggests that HypERlnc suppresses cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and energy metabolism dysfunction via enhancing SUMOylation of SIRT1 protein. HypERlnc is a potential novel molecular target for preventing and treating pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
GAB1::ABL1 fusions define a distinctive soft tissue neoplasm, with variable perineurial differentiation, and a predilection for children and young adults

Although well known as a fusion partner in hematological malignancies, fusion genes involving the ABL proto‐oncogene 1 (ABL1), mapping to chromosomal region 9q34.12, have only been anecdotally reported in five soft tissue tumors. These neoplasms have been variously reported as perineurioma, angiofibroma, and solitary fibrous tumor, and all have harbored a GAB1::ABL1 gene fusion; however, the nosology and clinicopathological characteristics of soft tissue tumors carrying this rare fusion have not been delineated. We herein describe eight tumors containing the GAB1::ABL1 fusion and review previously reported cases in a series to define their morphological spectrum, address immunohistochemical evidence for a line of differentiation, with special reference to the presence or absence of a perineurial immunophenotype, and gather insight into their behavior. The patients included four females and four males, aged 13–37 years (median, 24 years). Two cases each originated in the shoulder area, trunk, hands, and lower extremities, with a size range of 1.5–8 cm (median, 3.4 cm). Four tumors were deep and four superficial. All tumors were morphologically similar, being composed of bland fibroblast‐like spindle to ovoid cells diffusely arranged in a paucivascular fibrous to fibromyxoid stroma with variable resemblance to soft tissue perineurioma. Mitotic activity was generally low (0–8 mitoses in 10 high‐power fields [HPFs]; median, 1). All lesions had at least focally infiltrative margins, but they otherwise lacked pleomorphism and necrosis. Immunohistochemistry showed focal reactivity for CD34 (5/7), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) (3/8), claudin1 (2/3), GLUT1 (4/6), and S100 (2/7); other markers, including MUC4 (0/7), desmin (0/9), and smooth muscle actin (SMA) (0/4), were negative. RNA sequencing revealed a GAB1::ABL1 fusion in all cases with exon 6 of GAB1 fused to exon 2 of ABL1. Treatments included various forms of surgical intervention in seven cases; one tumor was biopsied only. Limited follow‐up was available for five patients. One tumor regrew rapidly within 1 month to 1.5 cm after an initial marginal excision and was re‐excised with close margins. Four patients were disease‐free at 1, 3, 14, and 25 months of follow‐up. Metastases have not, to date, been observed. This series characterizes “GAB1::ABL1 fusion‐positive spindle cell neoplasm” as a distinct entity, with overlapping features with soft tissue perineurioma and predilection for children and young adults.
Schwann cells ER-associated degradation contributes to myelin maintenance in adult nerves and limits demyelination in CMT1B mice

In the peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelinating Schwann cells synthesize large amounts of myelin protein zero (P0) glycoprotein, an abundant component of peripheral nerve myelin. In humans, mutations in P0 cause the demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B (CMT1B) neuropathy, one of the most diffused genetic disorders of the PNS. We previously showed that several mutations, such as the deletion of serine 63 (P0-S63del), result in misfolding and accumulation of P0 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), with activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In addition, we observed that S63del mouse nerves display the upregulation of many ER-associated degradation (ERAD) genes, suggesting a possible involvement of this pathway in the clearance of the mutant P0. In ERAD in fact, misfolded proteins are dislocated from the ER and targeted for proteasomal degradation. Taking advantage of inducible cells that express the ER retained P0, here we show that the P0-S63del glycoprotein is degraded via ERAD. Moreover, we provide strong evidence that the Schwann cell-specific ablation of the ERAD factor Derlin-2 in S63del nerves exacerbates both the myelin defects and the UPR in vivo, unveiling a protective role for ERAD in CMT1B neuropathy. We also found that lack of Derlin-2 affects adult myelin maintenance in normal nerves, without compromising their development, pinpointing ERAD as a previously unrecognized player in preserving Schwann cells homeostasis in adulthood. Finally, we provide evidence that treatment of S63del peripheral nerve cultures with N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine (GlcNAc), known to enhance protein quality control pathways in C.elegans, ameliorates S63del nerve myelination ex vivo. Overall, our study suggests that potentiating adaptive ER quality control pathways might represent an appealing strategy to treat both conformational and age-related PNS disorders.