Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INELASTIC INTERACTION OF BOUSSINESQ SOLITONS

Two improved versions of Boussinesq equation (Boussinesq paradigm) have been considered which are well-posed (correct in the sense of Hadamard) as an initial value problem: the Proper Boussinesq Equation (PBE) and the Regularized Long Wave Equation (RLWE). Fully implicit difference schemes have been developed strictly representing, on difference level, the conservation or balance laws for the mass, pseudoenergy or pseudomomentum of the wave system. Thresholds of possible nonlinear blow-up are identified for both PBE and RLWE. The head-on collisions of solitary waves of the sech type (Boussinesq solitons) have been investigated. They are subsonic and negative (surface depressions) for PBE and supersonic and positive (surface elevations) for RLWE. The numerically recovered sign and sizes of the phase shifts are in very good quantitative agreement with analytical results for the two-soliton solution of PBE. The subsonic surface elevations are found to be not permanent but to gradually transform into oscillatory pulses whose support increases and amplitude decreases with time although the total pseudoenergy is conserved within 10−10. The latter allows us to claim that the pulses are solitons despite their “aging” (which is felt on times several times the time-scale of collision). For supersonic phase speeds, the collision of Boussinesq solitons has inelastic character exhibiting not only a significant phase shift but also a residual signal of sizable amplitude but negligible pseudoenergy. The evolution of the residual signal is investigated numerically for very long times.
Employee turnover prediction using machine learning models

With respect to the 16 characteristics of the workers, the objective of this study is to investigate how employee turnover can be classified using various machine learning algorithms (Support Vector Classification, Decision Tree Classifier, AdaBoost Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, Extra Trees Classifier, Logistic Regression and Gradient Boosting Classifiers). The information comes from the Employee Turnover dataset by E. Babushkin. Seven distinct classification models were developed and contrasted, including naive Bayes, random forest, logistic regression, support vector machines, and XGBoost. Numerous experiments validate the effectiveness of machine learning model. Among all the models, we find that the random forest model achieves the best results, which can be furtherly utilized in real-world prediction.
CFTR Inhibitors Display In Vitro Antiviral Activity against SARS-CoV-2

Several reports have indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infection displays unexpected mild clinical manifestations in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), suggesting that CFTR expression and function may be involved in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. To evaluate the possible association of CFTR activity with SARS-CoV-2 replication, we tested the antiviral activity of two well-known CFTR inhibitors (IOWH-032 and PPQ-102) in wild type (WT)-CFTR bronchial cells. SARS-CoV-2 replication was inhibited by IOWH-032 treatment, with an IC50 of 4.52 μM, and by PPQ-102, with an IC50 of 15.92 μM. We confirmed this antiviral effect on primary cells (MucilAirTM wt-CFTR) using 10 μM IOWH-032. According to our results, CFTR inhibition can effectively tackle SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that CFTR expression and function might play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 replication, revealing new perspectives on the mechanisms governing SARS-CoV-2 infection in both normal and CF individuals, as well as leading to potential novel treatments.
Statistical Assessment of Tropical Convection-Permitting Model Simulations Using a Cell-Tracking Algorithm

AbstractThis study presents a method for comparing convection-permitting model simulations to radar observations using an innovative object-based approach. The method uses the automated cell-tracking algorithm, Thunderstorm Identification Tracking Analysis and Nowcasting (TITAN), to identify individual convective cells and determine their properties. Cell properties are identified in the same way for model and radar data, facilitating comparison of their statistical distributions. The method is applied to simulations of tropical convection during the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, and compared to data from a ground-based radar. Simulations with different microphysics and model resolution are also conducted. Among other things, the comparisons between the model and the radar elucidate model errors in the depth and size of convective cells. On average, simulated convective cells reached higher altitudes than the observations. Als.
Associations Between Chronotype, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and Attitude to Healthy Nutrition

Background. Chronotype is the attitude of a subject in determining the individual circadian preference in behavioral and biological rhythm associated with eating behaviors and health. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between chronotype, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and attitudes to healthy nutrition in Turkish adults. Methods. A survey was conducted online using online platforms. A total of 1,197 volunteers between 18-65 years of age participated in our study. Participants’ adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS); their healthy eating attitude and chronotype were assessed using the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN) and the Morning-Evening Questionnaire (MEQ), respectively. Results. Most of the participants were classified as those with an intermediate chronotype. More than half of evening-type participants and nearly half of intermediate-type participants had poor Mediterranean diet adherence. In addition, the percentages of individuals with morning and evening chronotypes in the very low and moderate classification ranges were similar and lower than the percentages of those with an intermediate chronotype. Linear regression analysis revealed that participants with higher MEQ values had higher ASHN and MEDAS scores and a lower body mass index as compared to those with lower MEQ values. Conclusions. Chronotype was associated with Mediterranean diet adherence and healthy eating attitude. In particular, morning-type subjects showed higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet than intermediate- and evening-type subjects.
Asymptotic symmetries and asymptotically symmetric solutions of partial differential equations

Symmetry methods for differential equations are a powerful tool to attack nonlinear problems, in particular for determining solutions with given symmetries to nonlinear PDEs. Since in real applications one is often interested in solutions which are asymptotically symmetric, we propose here an approach to asymptotic symmetry based on the methods of Lie theory. We adopt, translate in geometric language and develop the renormalization group approach recently proposed by Bricmont and Kupiainen (1992) for the Ginzburg-Landau equation.
Disrupting Money: Psychological Factors of Investment Biases in Cryptocurrency

The presence of cryptocurrencies as means of trading and investing has presented new opportunities to make profits. Unfortunately, investment bias becomes a phenomenon that accompanies investing behavior for many people which actually results in losses and regrets. This study uses a narrative review method to identify cognitive, affective, and contextual factors that correlate with investment biases in cryptocurrency. The results of the review indicate that a number of factors - i.e. self-affirmation, anticipation of postdecision dissonance, fear of missing out (FoMO), overconfidence, perception of the investment process and regulation - play a pivotal role in explaining investment biases in cryptocurrency.
Age-Stratified Analysis of First-Line Chemoimmunotherapy for Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Real-World Evidence from a Multicenter Retrospective Study

Simple Summary Chemoimmunotherapy improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in two phase III trials, which set the age-stratified subgroup analyses at 65 years. Considering the super-aged society of Japan, treatment efficacy and safety in elderly patients ≥ 75 years with ES-SCLC should be validated through real-world Japanese evidence. Consecutive 225 Japanese patients with SCLC were evaluated, and 155 received chemoimmunotherapy (98 non-elderly and 57 elderly patients). The dose reduction at initiating the first cycle was significantly higher in the elderly (47.4%) than in the non-elderly (20.4%) patients (p = 0.03). The median PFS and OS in the non-elderly and the elderly were 5.1 and 14.1 months and 5.5 and 12.0 months, respectively, without significant differences. Multivariate analyses revealed that age, the baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and dose reduction at initiating the first chemoimmunotherapy cycle were not correlated with PFS or OS. Abstract Chemoimmunotherapy improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in two phase III trials. They set the age-stratified subgroup analyses at 65 years; however, over half of the patients with lung cancer were newly diagnosed at ≥75 years in Japan. Therefore, treatment efficacy and safety in elderly patients ≥ 75 years with ES-SCLC should be evaluated through real-world Japanese evidence. Consecutive Japanese patients with untreated ES-SCLC or limited-stage SCLC unfit for chemoradiotherapy between 5 August 2019 and 28 February 2022 were evaluated. Patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy were divided into the non-elderly (<75 years) and elderly (≥75 years) groups, and efficacy, including PFS, OS, and post-progression survival (PPS) were evaluated. In total, 225 patients were treated with first-line therapy, and 155 received chemoimmunotherapy (98 non-elderly and 57 elderly patients). The median PFS and OS in non-elderly and elderly were 5.1 and 14.1 months and 5.5 and 12.0 months, respectively, without significant differences. Multivariate analyses revealed that age and dose reduction at the initiation of the first chemoimmunotherapy cycle were not correlated with PFS or OS. In addition, patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) = 0 who underwent second-line therapy had significantly longer PPS than those with ECOG-PS = 1 at second-line therapy initiation (p < 0.001). First-line chemoimmunotherapy had similar efficacy in elderly and non-elderly patients. Individual ECOG-PS maintenance during first-line chemoimmunotherapy is crucial for improving the PPS of patients proceeding to second-line therapy.
A Simple Model of Droplet Spectral Evolution during Turbulent Mixing

Abstract The mixing of cloudy, saturated air with cloud-free, subsaturated air is examined with a simple one-dimensional model of the mixing process. The model incorporates (i) a one-dimensional parameterization of turbulent deformation, (ii) molecular diffusion, (iii) sedimentation of droplets and (iv) droplet evaporation in the changing humidity field. The model predicts droplet spectral shapes after homogenization of the two air masses. The turbulent deformation parameterization is based on inertial subrange arguments. It yields a crude estimate of the time development of the vapor and temperature fields in a single characteristic eddy in one dimension rather than the full range of eddy scales in three dimensions. For the high turbulence levels commonly found in cumuli the evaporation process appears close to that described earlier as homogeneous, which may in part be due to the approximations in our treatment. For all other conditions the calculations show total evaporation of some drops accompanied b.
Efficient Solution of Integral Equations in a Localizing Basis

A sparse direct solution algorithm is reported for discrete representations of boundary integral operators. The algorithm relies on an expansion of the unknown surface currents in a numerically determined basis of functions that are simultaneously localized to small regions on a larger target while also satisfying global boundary conditions. It is shown that the QR factorization of the impedance matrix is sparse in this basis at low to moderate frequencies.
An evaluation of the role of inductive confirmation in relation to the conjunction fallacy

ABSTRACT Inductive confirmation has been proposed as a mechanism giving rise to the conjunction fallacy. For each of five separate vignettes, probability estimates were obtained for a neutral event, for a second event: i.e. the “added conjunct”, and for their conjunction. The added conjunct was selected such that it was inductively confirmed, either by some background evidence provided in the vignette or by the other component event. So as to achieve sufficient statistical power, multilevel models were used to analyse the data. For the added conjunct, the level of confirmation and the posterior probability were significantly associated such that higher levels of confirmation were associated with larger probability estimates. However, there was no significant association between the level of confirmation on the one hand and the incidence of the fallacy and the conjunctive probability on the other.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in High School Students: A Quasi Experimental Study via Smartphone during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to information about physical activity and its barriers can increase the level of physical activity and reduce the time exposed to sedentary behaviors in high school students involved in integrated professional and technological education during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This quasi experimental study was conducted with integrated education high school students, divided into two groups: Intervention Group (IG; n = 59) and Control Group (CG; n = 54). Physical activity and sedentary behavior were identified and measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire pre-and post-intervention for both groups. IG students received educational material thrice a week for four weeks. The focus of the material was the importance of physical activity and need to reduce the time exposed to sedentary behavior. The results revealed that IG students showed an average daily reduction of 47.14 min in time exposed to sedentary behaviors, while the CG students showed an increase of 31.37 min. Despite this, the intervention was not effective in improving physical activity levels in the IG and the mean reduction in the time exposed to sedentary behavior was not significant (p = 0.556). The intervention was ineffective in increasing the practice of physical activity and reducing the time exposed to sedentary behavior.
Stochastic Distribution Control System Design: A Convex Optimization Approach

Developments in Stochastic Distribution Control Systems. - Developments in Stochastic Distribution Control Systems. - Structural Controller Design for Stochastic Distribution Control Systems. - Proportional Integral Derivative Control for Continuous-time Stochastic Systems. - Constrained Continuous-time Proportional Integral Derivative Control Based on Convex Algorithms. - Constrained Discrete-time Proportional Integral Control Based on Convex Algorithms. - Two-step Intelligent Optimization Modeling and Control for Stochastic Distribution Control Systems. - Adaptive Tracking Stochastic Distribution Control for Two-step Neural Network Models. - Constrained Adaptive Proportional Integral Tracking Control for Two-step Neural Network Models with Delays. - Constrained Proportional Integral Tracking Control for Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Model. - Statistical Tracking Control - Driven by Output Statistical Information Set. - Multiple-objective Statistical Tracking Control Based on Linear Matrix Inequalities. - Adaptive Statistical Tracking Control Based on Two-step Neural Networks with Time Delays. - Fault Detection and Diagnosis for Stochastic Distribution Control Systems. - Optimal Continuous-time Fault Detection Filtering. - Optimal Discrete-time Fault Detection and Diagnosis Filtering. - Conclusions. - Summary and Potential Applications.
Interstellar turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability

The occurrence of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in vertically stratified galactic disks is considered. Global 3D nonlinear MHD simulations with the ZEUSMP code are performed in a cylindric computational domain. Due to the evo- lution of the MRI toroidal and poloidal components of the mean magnetic fields are generated. The results are also applied to very young galaxies which are assumed to possess strong magnetic fields already after a few 10 8 years. The dependence of MRI growth rate on the shear strength is shown. The velocity dispersion grows with height and reaches values of about 5k m s −1 in good agreement with observations and close to the predictions of Sellwood & Balbus (1999). For strong magnetic fields the MRI is suppressed but it is not suppressed by turbulence initially present in the disk.
Nonparametric regression with dependent errors

We study minimax rates of convergence for nonparametric regression under a random design with dependent errors. It is shown that when the errors are independent of the explanatory variables, longrange dependence among the errors does not necessarily hurt regression estimation, which at first glance contradicts earlier results by Hall and Hart, Wang, and Johnstone and Silverman under a fixed design. In fact we show that, in general, the minimax rate of convergence under the square L2 loss is simply at the worse of two quantities: one determined by the massiveness of the class alone and the other by the severity of the dependence among the errors alone. The clear separation of the effects of the function class and dependence among the errors in determining the minimax rate of convergence is somewhat surprising. Examples of function classes under different covariance structures including both shortand long-range dependences are given.
Saline–Alkaline Characteristics during Desalination Process and Nitrogen Input Regulation in Reclaimed Tidal Flat Soils

Coastal salt-affected soils account for a large area all around the world. Soil salinity and pH are two important parameters affecting soil quality. Investigating the correlation of electrical conductivity (EC) and pH at different soil depths in saline soil was useful for quickly assessing the saline–alkaline characteristics. During the natural desalination process in the field area of reclaimed lands, the phenomena of pH increase and nitrogen accumulation may occur. A field sampling experiment was conducted in slightly saline soil affected by natural desalination and newly reclaimed heavily saline soil. A series of soil–water ratio extracts consisting of 1:2.5, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:40 was designed to measure the EC and pH for simulating the saline–alkaline characteristics during the soil desalination process. Meanwhile, for reasonable utilization of the naturally ameliorated slightly saline soil which consists of a high content of nitrogen, a plastic mulching (PM) accompanied with nitrogen (N) fertilizer addition experiment in maize cultivation plots was designed. Results showed that a significant correlation of EC and/or pH existed in all ratios of soil extracts, and the slightly saline soil had a higher nitrogen content (1.06 g kg−1). The EC was negatively correlated with pH at a depth of 0~100 cm in the coastal saline soil, which indicated the increase of pH value and alkalization during its natural desalination. Furthermore, PM treatments showed no significant difference with N treatments in soil bulk density and soil water content in the slightly saline soil. The PM and N treatments obtained similar grain yield, which was between 6.2 and 6.5 t ha−1. The soil salinity decreased in all treatments and the harvest index was largest in PM treated plots. Our study was beneficial for rapidly monitoring saline–alkaline characteristics and sustainable utilization of coastal saline soil resources. In addition, we should focus far more on pH improvement during the desalination process and rational utilization of chemical fertilizer for obtaining sustainable benefits in the coastal saline soil.
The locally conservative Galerkin (LCG) method for solving the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations

In this paper, the locally conservative Galerkin (LCG) method (Numer. Heat Transfer B Fundam. 2004; 46:357–370; Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 2007) has been extended to solve the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. A new correction term is also incorporated to make the formulation to give identical results to that of the continuous Galerkin (CG) method. In addition to ensuring element‐by‐element conservation, the method also allows solution of the governing equations over individual elements, independent of the neighbouring elements. This is achieved within the CG framework by breaking the domain into elemental sub‐domains. Although this allows discontinuous trial function field, we have carried out the formulation using the continuous trial function space as the basis. Thus, the changes in the existing CFD codes are kept to a minimum. The edge fluxes, establishing the continuity between neighbouring elements, are calculated via a post‐processing step during the time‐stepping operation. Therefore, the employed formulation needs to be carried out using either a time‐stepping or an equivalent iterative scheme that allows post‐processing of fluxes. The time‐stepping algorithm employed in this paper is based on the characteristic‐based split (CBS) scheme. Both steady‐ and unsteady‐state examples presented show that the element‐by‐element formulation employed is accurate and robust. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing endogenous levels of GLP1 dampens acute olanzapine induced perturbations in lipid and glucose metabolism

Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) used in the treatment of schizophrenia and several on- and off-label conditions. While effective in reducing psychoses, acute olanzapine treatment causes rapid hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia and these perturbations are linked to an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic disease. Pharmacological agonists of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor have been shown to offset weight-gain associated with chronic SGA administration and mitigate the acute metabolic side effects of SGAs. The purpose of this study was to determine if increasing endogenous GLP1 is sufficient to protect against acute olanzapine-induced impairments in glucose and lipid homeostasis. Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with olanzapine, in the absence or presence of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and a combination of compounds to increase endogenous GLP1. These include the non-nutritive sweetener allulose which acts to induce GLP1 secretion but not other incretins, the DPPiv inhibitor sitagliptin which prevents degradation of active GLP1, and an SSTR5 antagonist which relieves inhibition on GLP1 secretion. We hypothesized that this cocktail of agents would increase circulating GLP1 to supraphysiological concentrations and would protect against olanzapine-induced perturbations in glucose and lipid homeostasis. We found that ‘triple treatment’ increased both active and total GLP1 and protected against olanzapine-induced perturbations in lipid and glucose metabolism under glucose stimulated conditions and this was paralleled by an attenuation in the olanzapine induced increase in the glucagon:insulin ratio. Our findings provide evidence that pharmacological approaches to increase endogenous GLP1 could be a useful adjunct approach to reduce acute olanzapine-induced perturbations in lipid and glucose metabolism. Graphical Abstract