Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of the flexural properties of ABS, PLA and a PLA–wood composite manufactured through fused filament fabrication

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to analyze the mechanical properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) parts manufactured through fused filament fabrication and compare these results to analogous ones obtained on polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA–wood specimens to contribute for a wider understanding of the different materials used for additive manufacturing. AQ: 4 Design/methodology/approach – With that aim, an experimental based on an L27 Taguchi array was used to combine the specific parameters taken into account in the study, namely, layer height, nozzle diameter, infill density, orientation and printing velocity. All samples were subjected to a four-point bending test performed according to the ASTM D6272 standard. Findings – Young’s modulus, elastic limit, maximum stress and maximum deformation of every sample were computed and subjected to an ANOVA. AQ: 5 Results prove that layer height and nozzle diameter are the most significant factors that affect the mechanical resistance in pieces generated through additive manufacturing and subjected to bending loads, regardless of the material. Practical implications – The best results were obtained by combining a layer height of 0.1 mm and a nozzle diameter of 0.6mm. The comparison of materials evidenced that PLA and its composite version reinforced with wood particles present more rigidity than ABS, whereas the latter can experience further deflection before break. Originality/value – This study is of interest for manufacturers that want to decide which is the best material to be applied for their application, as it derives in a practical technical recommendation of the best parameters that should be selected to treat the material during the fused filament fabrication process.
Liquid Smoke Performance of Lamtoro Wood and Corn Cob

Smoking of fish by using liquid smoke is already needed to be implemented in Indonesia, as it could produce a high quality and safe smoked fish products. Various wood and agricultural wastes are possible to be used as raw material of liquid smoke. The aimed of this research was to explore the liquid smoke performance of Lamtoro wood as a representative of hard wood and liquid smoke of Corn cob as representative of agricultural wastes which contain of anti oxidative and bactericidal component processed by dry distillation method with the temperature reach to ± 400oC. The results showed that chemical composition of the two liquid smoke have their own specification. Phenolic compounds of each liquid smoke were: 481,2 ppm (Lamtoro); 335 ppm (Corn cob) . pH value: 3 (Lamtoro) ; 2,9 (Corn cob). Both of liquid smoke found not containing of carsinogenic Benz (a) Pyrene, but Lamtoro was contain Benz (ghi) Peryle in a small amount: 1,869 ppm.
Combustion structure of free and wall-impinging diesel jets by simultaneous laser-induced fluorescence of formaldehyde, poly-aromatic hydrocarbons, and hydroxides

Abstract The structure of combusting diesel jets in low-temperature conditions is studied using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). A single-hole common rail diesel injector is used, which allows high injection pressures up to 120 MPa. Visualizations are performed in a high-pressure, high-temperature cell that is designed to reproduce the typical thermodynamic conditions in the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. Planar LIF of the hydroxide (OH) radicals (OH LIF) with excitation near 280 nm and LIF with excitation at 355 nm (355 LIF) are applied simultaneously. In addition, simultaneous 355 LIF imaging and spatially resolved single-shot spectral analysis are performed in order to identify spatially the contribution of formaldehyde and poly-aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fluorescence in the 355 LIF images. Also, the analysis of the pressure signal in the chamber and subsequent calculation of heat release rates are used to locate temporally each image within the different combustion stages. The combustion structure of a low-temperature freely propagating jet during those stages is then analysed in detail, using the information given by the simultaneous LIF techniques on the different reaction zones; this is then summarized by a conceptual model. Finally, the simultaneous LIF techniques are applied to a configuration where a jet impinges on a perpendicular wall. The results are used to analyse the effect of wall interaction on the combustion structure.
How to build a dinosaur: Musculoskeletal modeling and simulation of locomotor biomechanics in extinct animals

Abstract. The intersection of paleontology and biomechanics can be reciprocally illuminating, helping to improve paleobiological knowledge of extinct species and furthering our understanding of the generality of biomechanical principles derived from study of extant species. However, working with data gleaned primarily from the fossil record has its challenges. Building on decades of prior research, we outline and critically discuss a complete workflow for biomechanical analysis of extinct species, using locomotor biomechanics in the Triassic theropod dinosaur Coelophysis as a case study. We progress from the digital capture of fossil bone morphology to creating rigged skeletal models, to reconstructing musculature and soft tissue volumes, to the development of computational musculoskeletal models, and finally to the execution of biomechanical simulations. Using a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model comprising 33 muscles, a static inverse simulation of the mid-stance of running shows that Coelophysis probably used more upright (extended) hindlimb postures and was likely capable of withstanding a vertical ground reaction force of magnitude more than 2.5 times body weight. We identify muscle force-generating capacity as a key source of uncertainty in the simulations, highlighting the need for more refined methods of estimating intrinsic muscle parameters such as fiber length. Our approach emphasizes the explicit application of quantitative techniques and physics-based principles, which helps maximize results robustness and reproducibility. Although we focus on one specific taxon and question, many of the techniques and philosophies explored here have much generality to them, so they can be applied in biomechanical investigation of other extinct organisms.
Curcumin conjugated gold nanoparticle synthesis and its biocompatibility

Gold nanoparticles have gained much attention due to their widespread biological and technological applications, and consequently their simpler synthesis via green chemistry has also become of foremost importance. We report the room temperature synthesis of spherical gold nanoparticles using curcumin alone as the reducing and stabilizing agent. The pH is found to have an important role in curcumin solubilisation and subsequent formation of curcumin conjugated gold nanoparticles (cAuNPs). UV-visible studies show that the cAuNPs formed are of uniform size and HRTEM studies confirm spheres of average size 18 nm. The DLS measurements show a particle size of 58 nm. The crystallinity has been determined by HRTEM and XRD. The conjugation of stable curcumin on the cAuNPs is indicated by FTIR spectra which also suggest that the phenolic and enolic groups of curcumin bring about the reduction. The zeta potential value of cAuNPs is −23 mV which is stable for up to 6 months at room temperature. The mechanism of cAuNP formation is inferred to be through temporal evolution. This is the first demonstration where curcumin is solubilized at alkaline pH without using any external agent and is used for reducing HAuCl4 to form cAuNPs. The non toxic nature of the cAuNPs is evidenced through biocompatibility studies using human blood cells.
Segmentation of the Aleutian‐Alaska Subduction Zone Revealed by Full‐Wave Ambient Noise Tomography: Implications for the Along‐Strike Variation of Volcanism

The along‐strike variations of the velocity, thickness, and dip of subducting slabs and the volcano distribution have been observed globally. It is, however, unclear what controls the distribution of volcanoes and the associated magma generation. With the presence of nonuniform volcanism, the Aleutian‐Alaska subduction zone (AASZ) is an ideal place to investigate subduction segmentation and its relationship with volcanism. Using full‐wave ambient noise tomography, we present a high‐resolution 3‐D shear wave velocity model of the AASZ for the depths of 15–110 km. The velocity model reveals the distinct high‐velocity Pacific slab, the thicker, flatter, and more heterogeneous Yakutat slab, and the northeasterly dipping Wrangell slab. We observe low velocities within the uppermost mantle (at depth <60 km) below the Aleutian arc volcanoes, representing partial melt accumulation. The large crustal low‐velocity anomaly beneath the Wrangell volcanic field suggests a large magma reservoir, likely responsible for the clustering of volcanoes. The Denali volcanic gap is above an average‐velocity crust but an extremely fast mantle wedge, suggesting the lack of subsurface melt. This is in contrast with the lower‐velocity back‐arc mantle beneath the adjacent Buzzard Creek‐Jumbo Dome volcanoes to the east. The back‐arc low velocities associated with the Pacific, the eastern Yakutat, and the Wrangell slabs may reflect subduction‐driven mantle upwelling. The structural variation of the downgoing slabs and the overriding plate explains the change of volcanic activity along the AASZ. Our findings demonstrate the combined role of the subducting slab and the overriding plate in controlling the characteristics of arc magmatism.
Mercury Oxidation and Adsorption over Cupric Chloride-Based Catalysts and Sorbents for Mercury Emissions Control

Mercury emissions control is of great importance in environment protection as well as public health. Current mercury emissions control technologies are not well designed nor optimized, mainly due to the lack of fundamental understanding of adsorption and/or catalytic mechanisms and necessary kinetic modeling and reliable simulation data. This work aims to advance the fundamental mechanistic understanding of heterogeneous catalytic oxidation reaction and adsorption by using the reaction between Hg(0) vapor and CuCl2 and the subsequent adsorption of resultant oxidized mercury onto sorbents. XANES and EXAFS were used to determine mercury compounds formed on AC sorbents. The XANES study on raw and CuCl2-impregnated AC sorbents suggests that little or no elemental mercury is formed onto any spent sorbents and the chemisorption of Hg(0) vapor is very likely to be the dominant mechanism. HgCl2 is found to be a major oxidation reaction product when CuCl2 and HCl were impregnated onto raw AC regardless of the type of the carrier gas (i.e. N2 or O2). The adsorption isotherms of HgCl2 on DARCO-HG and CuCl2-impregnated AC were found to be of the Langmuir type. The kinetic adsorption constants were estimated by fitting the model simulation with experimental data. The breakthrough data from experiments are in good agreement with the calculation results from the modified kinetic model. The simulation results indicate that pore diffusion resistance significantly increases with an increase in sorbent particle size. HgCl2 adsorption removal performance was also predicted in an entrained flow system using a modified model. The CuCl2/? -Al2O3 catalyst possesses high activity for the oxidation of Hg(0) to Hg2+, with an excellent stability under the environment similar to the flue gas from coal-fired power plants. The CuCl2 crystallites formed onto ? -Al2O3 were very stable up to 300oC, and undergo the thermal reduction process from Cu(II) to Cu(0) via Cu(I). In the absence of HCl and O2 gases, CuCl2 was found to follow a Mars-Maessen mechanism by consuming lattice chlorine of CuCl2 for Hg(0) oxidation and to be reduced to CuCl. In the presence of 10 ppmv HCl, 2,000 ppmv SO2, and 6% O2 gases, the CuCl2/? -Al2O3 sample works as an Hg(0) oxidation catalyst exhibiting >90% conversion with good resistance to SO2 at 140oC. The reduced CuCl was able to be re-chlorinated to CuCl2 under HCl and O2 gases by following the Deacon reaction. Multiple copper species were found to be formed when ? -Al2O3 is used as a substrate as opposed to one Cu(II) species on ? -Al2O3. The CuCl2/? -Al2O3 catalysts with low CuCl2 loading (<3.5 wt%) showed low catalytic performances in mercury oxidation. In contrast, the high loading (i.e. 10 wt%) CuCl2/? -Al2O3 catalyst showed almost complete Hg(0) oxidization in the presence of 10 ppmv HCl and 6%(v) O2 balanced with N2, regardless of the presence of 2,000 ppmv SO2 gas over 140 hrs of the performance evaluations. CuCl2 is expected to be used as a catalyst and a sorbent by…
The role of online advertising on purchase intention of smartphones: mediating effects of flow experience and advertising value

PurposeThe paper aims at identifying the role of online advertising on the purchase intention (PI) of smartphones of Bangladeshi customers. The independent variable (online advertising) has been divided into five dimensional segregations: informativeness (INFO), irritation (IRR), entertainment (ENT), incentives (INC) and credibility (CRD). For increasing the value of investigation to further extent, the authors included two mediators termed as flow experience (FE) and advertising value (ADD). Design/methodology/approachThe study has been conducted on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire received from a valid sample of 281 smartphone users selected on a random basis. SPSS (Version 24) has been used for descriptive statistical analysis, while structural equation modeling technique (utilizing AMOS 24) has been used to test the hypothetical relationships among the variables.FindingsAfter a careful and bias-free statistical analysis, the results indicate that purchase intention is positively and significantly affected by all the independent components INFO, IRR, ENT, INC and CRD. Regarding the mediating effect, FE can partially mediate the relationships between IRR and PI and ENT and PI as both the direct and indirect effects are significant. On the other hand, ADD can partially mediate the relationships between IRR and PI and INC and PI, respectively, since both the direct and indirect effects are significant.Research limitations/implicationsThis empirical study is expected to be beneficial for the academicians in finding some unique dimensional aspects regarding online advertising and purchase intentions.Practical implicationsThe policymakers can formulate some unique online advertising policies with a view to identifying customer psychology and increase sales volume based on the findings.Originality/valueSmartphone market in Bangladesh is growing steadily. This empirical paper has shed some lights on the unique role of online advertising on PI of smartphones of Bangladeshi customer base. Since the market scenario in Bangladesh is somewhat unique than those of Western and Eastern countries, the authors hope that the findings will add numerical theoretical and practical values for further investigation in South Asian markets.
The Incredible Years Parent, Teacher and Child Programs: Foundations and Future

As I look back now on my life journey, I confess there never was a master plan to become an academic professor, or to develop a business training others. Rather just the opposite, my primary goal was to become a better clinician to help families and children. The growth and development of the IY programs seems to have come about because of personal experiences, a particular passion, research studies, collective action, and ultimately a measure of serendipity.
Foam Measurement by the Microconductivity Technique: An Assessment of Its Sensitivity to Interfacial and Environmental Factors

The foam microconductivity method was systematically evaluated to determine precisely what foam parameters were being measured. Foam liquid drainage profiles were measured to correlate the foam density with foam conductivity. This relationship was linear in the measurement region. The effect of salt concentration on the foam density/conductivity relationship was determined, a small effect was found at low concentrations for ionic surfactants. The bubble size distribution was measured and found to be very narrow and independent of surface tension, but dependent on orifice size, and limited by flow rate of the gas through the orifice. Finally, the foaming properties of the protein β-lactoglobulin and the nonionic surfactant Tween20 were evaluated to demonstrate the sensitivity of the technique to changes in interfacial composition.
Craniometrics Analysis for Ontogenetic Physiognomy and Sexual Dimorphism in Emin’s Silvery Mole-Rats (Heliophobius argenteocinereus emini: Bathyergidae) from Tanzania

Emin’s silvery mole-rat, the Heliophobius argenteocinereus emini belongs to a familyBathyergidae. The Heliophobius argenteocinereus emini (Noak, 1894) is among the least studiedsub-Saharan subterranean rodents. Among others, information on ontogenetic physiognomy andstatus of sexual dimorphism in H. a. emini is missing. The present study intended to fill gaps onontogenetic characteristics and status of sexual dimorphism in these mole-rats by comprehensivelyexamining 55 skulls. Based on teeth eruption and wear, the dental formula of 1/1, 0/0, 1/1, 3/3 isreported for the first time, and subsequently established eight relative age classes. This informationwas key to the assessment of ontogenetic variations between sexes and age classes. Themultidisciplinary analyses of craniometrics between and within relative age classes showed a sharpincrease in sizes of cranial facets from relative age classes III to VIII, which signifies a divergencein the investment of energy for growth between age classes. Within all relative age classes exceptage classes I and II, females showed smaller craniometrics than males, indicating that sexualdimorphism in H. a. emini is well noticeable from the relative age class III. Subsequent analyses ofcraniometrics revealed that sexual dimorphism in H. a. emini is attributed by size. Keywords: Ontogenetic; Heliophobius argenteocinereus emini; craniometrics; sexual dimorphism
ANOTHER CASE OF THE MIDDLE-INCOME TRAP: CHILE, 1900–1939

ABSTRACT This paper studies the evolution of the Chilean economy in the late 19th and early 20th century, a period when the country's convergence with developed countries came to an end. We analyse this problem in the context of the modern literature on the middle-income trap. The social, political and economic history of Chile between 1875 and 1939 is examined and the presence of most of the factors associated with the middle-income trap is found. We complement this narrative through a quantitative analysis based on the synthetic control method and argue that the process of state-led industrialisation undertaken in the country leading to the formation of CORFO was a key economic and political event. Our work presents some general lessons for developing countries facing a similar context.
Phylogenetics, historical biogeography and molecular species delimitation of Gnaptorina Reitter (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptini)

With 38 described species or subspecies, Gnaptorina Reitter is the second‐most species‐rich genus in the darkling beetle subtribe Gnaptorinina (Tenebrionidae: Tenebrioninae). In this study, we reconstructed a phylogeny of the genus based on one nuclear and three mitochondrial genes and used this phylogeny to explore the historical biography and diversification of Gnaptorina species. We implemented multiple molecular species delimitation approaches to reassess the status of Gnaptorina species and taxonomic subdivisions of the genus. Dating and historical biogeography analyses suggest an early Eocene origin of the genus, with the southeastern regions of the Tibetan Plateau most likely as areas of origin. Based on these results, we propose a new classification for Gnaptorina with three major clades identified. Consequently, the monotypic subgenus Boreoptorina is newly synonymized with the more species‐rich subgenus Hesperoptorina, and G. dongdashanensis Shi is transferred from Hesperoptorina to the subgenus Gnaptorina. In addition, G. minxiana Medvedev, formerly treated as a subspecies of G. potanini Reitter, is elevated to species. Results of molecular species delimitation analyses are largely congruent and confirm the status of most morphological species.
Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Patients Referring to a Psychiatric Clinic in Lorestan Province, West of Iran

Background: Psychiatric disorders are common and impose a huge burden globally. The study aimed to examine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients referring to a psychiatric clinic in Lorestan. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients referring to a psychiatric clinic in Lorestan province Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with all people aged 18 years or older. Participants were selected by a convenience sampling method. Diagnostic interviews based on DSM-5 were held for 750 patients who were administered between January and June 2018. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 using absolute frequency, relative frequency, mean, and chi-square test. Results: Women included 53% of the study sample. The most prevalent psychiatric disorders were anxiety (35.3%) and mood disorders (31.5%). Depression was the most prevalent mood disorder (63.6%), followed by generalized anxiety disorder (60%). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was higher in people aged 21-30 (28.5%), the illiterate or primary education group (52.4%), housekeepers (29.5%), and married ones (51.8%). Conclusions: The majority of the patients referring to the psychiatric clinic suffered from mood and anxiety disorders. Therefore, public health authorities of the province need to take steps to warrant necessary measures, including mental health promotion policies, to improve the mental health status and prevent anxiety and mood disorders.
Inmates’ perceptions and experiences of how they were prepared for release from a Norwegian open prison

ABSTRACT Re-entry to society is challenging and inmates often feel unprepared for release. Insufficient human and social capital makes it difficult to cope with the challenges of everyday life outside prison. In Norway the aim of prisoner rehabilitation is to counteract new criminal acts, and make it possible for the convicted person to change his or her criminal patterns. This qualitative study aimed to explore and describe inmates’ perceptions and experiences of how they were prepared for release from a Norwegian open prison. Three focus group interviews with inmates were conducted. A thematic content analysis of the data resulted in three categories: 1) life outside, 2) working as a community and 3) useful learning for the future. Our findings indicate that inmates were prepared in several ways to return to the society. One aspect was the social climate where inmates were treated with humanity by staff. Inmates received training in local democracy, and developed hope for the future, self-reliance and personal agency, which strengthened their process of preparing for release. Inhibiting factors seemed to be an emotional vulnerability, inadequate preparation for modern working life and poorly planned release preparation. This study indicates the importance of maintaining open prisons with humanistic values.