Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weekly issue 4

The United Kingdom is introducing a universal annual influenza vaccination programme for children. Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalisation in 2 to 6 year-olds in England was measured in 2015/16 using the screening method. VE adjusted for age, geography and month was 54.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 31.5% to 68.4%) for all influenza types combined; 48.3% (95% CI: 16.9% to 67.8%) for A(H1N1)pdm09 and 70.6% (95% CI: 33.2% to 87.1%) for B. The findings support on-going programme roll-out
Ability Emotional Intelligence and Subjective Happiness in Adolescents: The Role of Positive and Negative Affect

Adolescence is an increasingly vulnerable period for the onset of affective disorders and other mental health issues that can significantly impact an individual’s subjective well-being. This study aims to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence (ability EI), measured with a performance-based instrument, and Subjective Happiness in adolescents. It also explores the mediating role of positive (PA) and negative affect (NA) in this association and the moderating role of gender. The sample consisted of 333 first-year secondary school students from five centers in Spain, with an average age of 12.11 years (SD = 0.64), ranging from 11–14 years. Path analysis revealed an indirect effect (through NA and PA jointly) of Total Ability EI on Subjective Happiness and a positive direct effect that was observed only in females. Furthermore, this association was explored through various branches of ability EI. The results of this study suggest that interventions aimed at improving emotional abilities in adolescents while modulating the intensity of their emotions could significantly impact their overall well-being.
Responding to Natural Hazards: The Effects of Disaster on Residential Location Decisions and Health Outcomes

Exposure to natural hazards is rapidly increasing due to growing populations within floodplains and along hazard-prone coastlines. This trend, coupled with potential increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events from climate change, underscores the importance of disaster research and continued advancements in hazard risk mitigation. This dissertation conducts analyses regarding the effects of natural hazards on residential location choice, county migration rates, mental health status, and displacement. The results have practical implications for disaster risk management. Chapter 2 estimates household willingness-to-pay to live in lower hazard-risk areas. A model of residential location choice is developed in which households select the location that maximizes expected utility. Empirical estimates are obtained using a twovi stage estimation process that exploits spatial variation in labor markets, housing markets, and environmental amenities across U.S. metropolitan statistical areas. Results indicate an annual willingness-to-pay of $275 per household for a marginal reduction in the expected number of earthquake, hurricane, and flood events per 1000 years. Chapter 3 estimates the relationship between county-level net in-migration rates and the expected frequency of hazard events. Empirical estimation is complicated by the presence of spatial dependency and heterogeneity. These issues are addressed using spatial simultaneous autoregressive estimation and geographically weighted regression. Results show that net in-migration rates are negatively correlated with expected frequency. Moreover, the effects of hazard risk are strongest in the Southern U.S.; a region susceptible to increased hazard intensity from climate change. Chapter 4 contains two separate analyses regarding the wellbeing of individuals affected by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. The first analysis evaluates the effect of postdisaster stress and vulnerability on long-term mental health. Results show that the likelihood of being diagnosed with an adverse mental health condition increases with stress and vulnerability levels. The second analysis evaluates the determinants of displacement and the duration of displacement. Results show that housing damage is the most important predictor of displacement and displacement duration. Social support has a positive impact on displacement but a negative impact on the displacement duration, implying that social networks provide accommodations during hazard events as well as assistance in returning home.
An Optically Invisible Ionic Liquid Antenna for Millimeter-Waves Vehicular Communications

In this letter, an optically invisible antenna with high gain and wide band is investigated by utilizing transparent ionic liquids for millimeter (mm)-waves vehicular communications. The antenna consists of ionic liquids, acrylic containers, and a transparent conductive film (TCF). The wideband and high-gain operating characteristics are achieved by using the low-loss frequencies-insensitive ionic liquids. Meanwhile, by introducing surface-mounted horn structures and TCF walls, the antenna's radiation gain has been improved. Measured results agree well with the simulated results, demonstrating that the proposed antenna has a frequency range from 12.75 to 18.27 GHz (S11 <−10 dB) with a maximum measured gain of 11.5 dBi and high transparency of 83.2%. The proposed transparent ionic liquid antenna could be used as an appropriate candidate for mm-waves Internet of Vehicles.
Proficiency, Psychological Wellbeing, and Coping of the College Freshmen of the University of Nueva Caceres

The transition to college is one of the significant life adjustments. Students are expected to adapt to this new environment. However, difficulties in school adaptation may result in social, emotional, and learning instability. This quantitative descriptive survey research determined the skills proficiency, psychological well-being and coping strategies of the University of Nueva Caceres first-year college students for the school year 2021– 2022. The study participants consisted of 429 first-year students of the University of Nueva Caceres. The Skills Profiler Test, Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-being (SPWB), and Brief-COPE Inventory were used to measure the variables. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the first-year college students of UNC have a skills gap in math, reasoning, and vocabulary. They reflect positive well-being that may help them pursue college life and obstacles that may come their way. The results further suggest that there is a need for the university to come up with programs or interventions that will develop the first-year students' critical thinking skills to succeed in mathematics and life.
Effect of reaction temperature on CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots with photovoltaic applications

Solar energy has been relevant in recent years as a renewable source. On one side, halide perovskites have played an essential role as semiconductors with photovoltaic applications. This work studied the effect of reaction temperature on the synthesis of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) by the hot injection method. In this case, CsPbBr3 PQDs are very stable compared to other halide perovskites. The XRD analysis indicated three crystalline phases were obtained: cubic of CsPbBr3, orthorhombic, and rhombohedral of Cs4PbBr6. At a temperature of 130 °C, the cubic phase predominates at 57%. When the temperature increases to 155 and 180 °C, the cubic phase is obtained to a lesser extent, with 33% and 10%, respectively, and the orthorhombic and rhombohedral phases increase. SEM reveals that particle size increased from 8 to 36 nm due to the reaction temperature. The UV-vis results showed that the absorption spectra had a redshift of the visible spectrum from an absorption band from 487 to 514 and 522 nm. Likewise, the PL spectra demonstrate a peak of 501 to 517 and 515 nm as a function of temperature increase, where the calculated Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) indicates the purity of the color emitted. Tauc plots of the CsPbBr3 PQDs showed band gap energies between 1.64 to 2.37 eV, which means these PQDs are interesting in photovoltaics. On the other hand, solar cells were fabricated using CsPbBr3 PQDs, with the following architecture: FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/PQDs/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag. The photovoltaic parameters were determined, obtaining with Jsc (4.10·10-6 mA·cm-2), Voc (0.434 V), FF (30.56%), and PCE (5·10-4 %). In conclusion, the obtained PVs indicated the charge transport within the solar device in ambient conditions.
Clinical and Therapeutic Implications of Male Obesity

The prevalence of obesity, a disorder linked to numerous comorbidities and metabolic complications, has recently increased dramatically worldwide and is highly prevalent in men, even at a young age. Compared to female patients, men with obesity more frequently have delayed diagnosis, higher severity of obesity, increased mortality rate, and only a minority of obese male patients are successfully treated, including with bariatric surgery. The aim of this review was to present the current state of knowledge about the clinical and therapeutic implications of obesity diagnosed in males.
Functional Compartmentalization and Viewpoint Generalization Within the Macaque Face-Processing System

Tuned for Faces The temporal lobe of macaques' brains contains six patches of face-selective cortex. This observation has prompted systems neuroscientists to ask, why so many and what do they do? Freiwald and Tsao (p. 845; see the Perspective by Connor) targeted four of these regions for single-unit recordings and found that the different face-selective patches in macaques have independent functions. The areas where earliest processing occurred were most sharply tuned for individual views and least sharply tuned for identity. The mid-level area was more sharply tuned for identity, and the highest processing stage was strongly tuned for identity in a strikingly view-invariant way. These results yield fundamental insights into the computational process of object recognition, the functional organization of the brain, and how representations are transformed through processing hierarchies. Recognition of faces from different viewpoints involves several distinct stages of neural processing. Primates can recognize faces across a range of viewing conditions. Representations of individual identity should thus exist that are invariant to accidental image transformations like view direction. We targeted the recently discovered face-processing network of the macaque monkey that consists of six interconnected face-selective regions and recorded from the two middle patches (ML, middle lateral, and MF, middle fundus) and two anterior patches (AL, anterior lateral, and AM, anterior medial). We found that the anatomical position of a face patch was associated with a unique functional identity: Face patches differed qualitatively in how they represented identity across head orientations. Neurons in ML and MF were view-specific; neurons in AL were tuned to identity mirror-symetrically across views, thus achieving partial view invariance; and neurons in AM, the most anterior face patch, achieved almost full view invariance.
Supporting Online Material Materials and Methods Figs. S1 to S10 References How the Brain Translates Money into Force: a Neuroimaging Study of Subliminal Motivation

Unconscious motivation in humans is often inferred but rarely demonstrated empirically. We imaged motivational processes, implemented in a paradigm that varied the amount and reportability of monetary rewards for which subjects exerted physical effort. We show that, even when subjects cannot report how much money is at stake, they nevertheless deploy more force for higher amounts. Such a motivational effect is underpinned by engagement of a specific basal forebrain region. Our findings thus reveal this region as a key node in brain circuitry that enables expected rewards to energize behavior, without the need for the subjects' awareness. H umans tend to adapt the degree of effort they expend according to the magnitude of reward they expect. Such a process has been proposed as an operant concept of motivation (1–3). Motivational processes may be obvious, as when a prospector spends days in extreme conditions seeking gold. The popular view is that motivation can also be unconscious, such that a person may be unable to report the goals or rewards that drive a particular behavior. However, empirical evidence on this issue is lacking, and the potential brain mechanisms involved in converting expected rewards into be-havioral activation are poorly understood. We developed an experimental paradigm to visualize unconscious motivational processes, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. A classical approach to trigger unconscious processing is subliminal stimulation, which can be implemented by means of masking procedures. The terminology we use in this report is based on a recent taxonomy (4), in which a process is considered subliminal if it is attended but not reportable. Successful brain imaging studies of subliminal processes have focused so far on processing words (5, 6) as well as emotional stimuli (7, 8). In our study, the object of masking was an incentive stimulus for a future action, represented by the amount of reward at stake. The question we asked is whether, and how, the human brain energizes behavior in proportion to subliminal incentives. We developed an incentive force task, using money as a reward: a manipulation that is consistently shown to activate reward circuits in the human brain (9–11). The exact level of motivation was manipulated by randomly assigning the amount at stake as one pound or one penny. Pictures of the corresponding coins were displayed on a computer screen at the beginning of each trial, between two screenshots of " mask " images (Fig. 1). The reportability of the …
A graphical non-parametric hydrologic alteration test using flow duration curves

ABSTRACT Utilizing annual flow duration curves (FDCs), the modified Mood’s median test (MMMT) was applied to quantiles of the median annual FDCs at 122 disturbed sites in the conterminous US. A simple graphical tool based on the MMMT was combined with a false discovery rate multiple comparison procedure to illustrate the field significance of hydrologic alteration over a wide range of streamflow conditions. Hydrologic disturbance was mostly caused by dams, although other forms of alteration were explored. In addition, 249 minimally regulated Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN) sites were investigated to assess regional climatic drivers of hydrologic alteration. Results indicate that dams can have varying effects on the hydrologic regime, but generally impact low flows more often than high flows in the US. At HCDN sites, we observe significant changes to hydrologic regimes in many regions, especially to low and median flows in the upper midwestern and eastern US.
Hatching Plasticity Under Complex Conditions: Responses of Newt Embryos to Chemical and Mechanical Stimuli from Egg and Larval Predators

ABSTRACT. Environmentally cued hatching plasticity is a common attribute of the eggs of oviparous organisms that has been especially well studied in amphibians. Nevertheless, this process has been largely overlooked in species with complex natural histories. We exposed embryos of the rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa) to chemical and mechanical stimuli from multiple potential threats, including caddisfly larvae, a major predator on the egg stage of newts. Newt embryos did not exhibit hatching plasticity toward chemical cues from any treatment but, contrary to prediction, did delay hatching in response to mechanical stimuli from an egg predator. Observations of predation by caddisfly larvae on recently hatched newt embryos indicate that caddisflies may prey on multiple life history stages of T. granulosa. The results of this study indicate that hatching plasticity may be a complicated phenomenon in some taxa and that additional factors, such as toxicity of eggs or larvae and maternal behavior, may play an important role in the evolution of this phenomenon.
Unsupervised techniques for generating a standard sample self-explanation answer with knowledge components in a math quiz

Self-explanation is a widely recognized and effective pedagogical method. Previous research has indicated that self-explanation can be used to evaluate students’ comprehension and identify their areas of difficulty on mathematical quizzes. However, most analytical techniques necessitate pre-labeled materials, which limits the potential for large-scale study. Conversely, utilizing collected self-explanations without supervision is challenging because there is little research on this topic. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the feasibility of automatically generating a standardized self-explanation sample answer from unsupervised collected self-explanations. The proposed model involves preprocessing and three machine learning steps: vectorization, clustering, and extraction. Experiments involving 1,434 self-explanation answers from 25 quizzes indicate that 72% of the quizzes generate sample answers containing all the necessary knowledge components. The similarity between human-generated and machine-generated sentences was significant with moderate positive correlation, r(23) = . 48, p < . 05.The best-performing generative model also achieved a high BERTScore of 0.715. Regarding the readability of the generated sample answers, the average score of the human-generated sentences was superior to that of the machine-generated ones. These results suggest that the proposed model can generate sample answers that contain critical knowledge components and can be further improved with BERTScore. This study is expected to have numerous applications, including identifying students’ areas of difficulty, scoring self-explanations, presenting students with reference materials for learning, and automatically generating scaffolding templates to train self-explanation skills.
Canary And Portugal Currents

The Canary and Portugal Currents form the eastern limb of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. Detailed knowledge of the currents is still surprisingly sparse in some respects and is largely based on indirect methods of estimating the Sow. The entire eastern boundary of the gyre is affected by the process of coastal upwelling, driven by the seasonally varying Trade Winds. Upwelling is intimately related to the currents on the continental shelf, and varies on timescales from several days upwards. This phenomenon has been studied intensively at different places and times and long-term sampling has only begun in recent years.
Inverse modeling to verify California's greenhouse gas emission inventory

We estimate regionally resolved methane (CH4) emissions for California by comparing CH4 mixing ratios measured at a network of measurement sites in the Central Valley with transport model predictions based on two independent emission maps: a 0.1 degree seasonally varying “California-specific” emission map, calibrated to state-wide by CH4 emission totals, and the 0.1 degree global EDGAR42 CH4 emission map. Atmospheric particle trajectories and surface footprints (sensitivity of CH4 signals to surface emissions) are computed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) models. Uncertainties due to wind velocity and boundary layer mixing depth are evaluated using measurements from radar wind profilers. Bayesian region analyses of data from the tower network constrains annual average CH4 emissions from California’s Central Valley to between 31.43±2.07 and 28.27±2.00 Tg CO2eq (assuming a global warming potential of 21 Tg CO2eq/ Tg CH4) for the California-specific and EDGAR42 emission models respectively, showing consistency between the two independent models. Extrapolating results to annually averaged CH4 emissions across all of California totals 1.44±0.15 and 1.94±0.28 times larger than the current inventory estimate for State annual total CH4 emissions (32 Tg CO2eq) for the Californiaspecific CH4 and EDGAR42 CH4 emission maps, respectively. When emissions from large urban areas are estimated based on a recent study in the larger Los Angeles metropolitan region to better constrain urban emissions, State total CH4 emissions are estimated to be 1.30 – 1.74 times larger than the current State total CH4 emissions. These results based on the multiple emission models suggest that the California total of CH4 emissions would account for approximately 8% 13% of the State’s total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which is significantly higher than the CARB inventory (~6% of total GHG emissions). Spatial resolution of emissions within the influence region reveal seasonality expected from several biogenic sources, including rice agriculture. We expect that additional tower measurements in urban regions (e.g., South Coast Air Basin) will provide the data necessary for a complete analysis of California’s CH4 budget.
Cardiologist-Performed Baseline Evaluation with an Assessment of Coronary Status for Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy: Impact on Newly Diagnosed Coronary Artery Disease

Simple Summary This retrospective study investigated newly diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD) in prostate cancer patients treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy and who underwent cardio-onco evaluation at a Cancer Institute. The cardio-onco evaluation included a systematic evaluation of coronary status. Among the 34 patients evaluated, 20.6% were diagnosed with CAD, often asymptomatic with a median diagnosis time of 5 months. Of the 27 patients without CAD, 44.4% underwent a therapeutic intervention by the cardiologist. Our results underscore of CAD screening in this population; however, further research is needed to determine whether routine CAD screening for these patients would result in significant clinical benefits. Abstract Background: Given the potential cardiovascular risks of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), it is essential to identify patients who may be at an increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). Despite the recent ESC recommendations, there is no consensus on when to refer a patient to a cardiologist for further evaluation. Objective: To report on new diagnoses of CAD in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) requiring ADT who underwent a systematic cardio-onco evaluation with an assessment of their coronary status. Design, Setting, and Participants: This is a retrospective, monocentric study that included patients with PCa who had completed a cardio-onco evaluation with an assessment of their coronary status in the cardio-oncology department at the Western Cancer Institute, Nantes, between January 2019 and August 2022. Intervention: The baseline cardio-onco evaluation included a physical exam, transthoracic echography, and electrocardiogram, followed with a systematic evaluation of their coronary status. Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis: The primary objective was to determine the incidence of newly diagnosed CAD. The secondary objective was to evaluate the number of changes in cardiovascular treatment. Results and Limitations: Among the 34 patients who underwent cardio-onco evaluation, 7 (20.6%) were diagnosed with CAD, with a median time to diagnosis of 5 months. Most patients were asymptomatic, with one who experienced a myocardial infarction. Of the 27 patients without CAD, 44.4% underwent a therapeutic intervention by the cardiologist, with no cardiac deaths during follow-up. Overall, 55.9% of patients had a therapeutic intervention after the cardio-onco evaluation. Conclusions: The high incidence of newly diagnosed CAD in asymptomatic patients supports the need for screening for CAD in this population. Further research is needed to determine whether routine screening for CAD in patients receiving ADT would result in significant clinical benefits.