Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
endo-Effect of dietary starch level and high rumen-undegradable protein on endocrine-metabolic status, milk yield, and milk composition in dairy cows during early and late lactation

Diet composition defines the amount and type of nutrients absorbed by dairy cows. Endocrine-metabolic interactions can influence these parameters, and so nutrient availability for the mammary gland can significantly vary and affect milk yield and its composition. Six dairy cows in early and then late lactation received, for 28 d in a changeover design, 2 diets designed to provide, within the same stage of lactation, similar amounts of rumen fermentable material but either high starch plus sugar (HS) content or low starch plus sugar content (LS). All diets had similar dietary crude protein and calculated supply of essential amino acids. Dry matter intake within each stage of lactation was similar between groups. Milk yield was similar between groups in early lactation, whereas a higher milk yield was observed in late lactation when feeding HS. At the metabolic level, the main difference observed between the diets in both stages of lactation was lower blood glucose in cows fed LS. The lower glucose availability during consumption of LS caused substantial modifications in the circulating and postprandial pattern of metabolic hormones. Feeding LS versus HS resulted in an increase in the ratio of bovine somatotropin to insulin. This increased mobilization of lipid reserves resulted in higher blood concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate, which contributed to the higher milk fat content in both stages of lactation in the LS group. This greater recourse to body fat stores was confirmed by the greater loss of body weight during early lactation and the slower recovery of body weight in late lactation in cows fed LS. The lower insulin to glucagon ratio observed in cows fed LS in early and late lactation likely caused an increase in hepatic uptake and catabolism of amino acids, as confirmed by the higher blood urea concentrations. Despite the higher catabolism of amino acids in LS in early lactation, similar milk protein output was observed for both diets, suggesting similar availability of amino acids for peripheral tissue and mammary gland. The latter could be the result of sparing of amino acids at the gut level due to starch that escaped from the rumen, and to the balanced amino acid profile of digestible protein. This last aspect appears worthy of further research, with the aim to enhance the efficiency of protein metabolism of dairy cows, reducing environmental nitrogen pollution without affecting milk yield potential.
Iron-loaded deferiprone can support full hemoglobinization of cultured red blood cells in the absence of transferrin

Iron is an essential nutrient in mammalian cell cultures, conventionally supplemented as iron-loaded transferrin (holotransferrin). The high cost of human transferrin represents a challenge for the large scale production of cell therapies, such as cultured red blood cells. We evaluated the use of deferiprone, a cell membrane-permeable drug for iron chelation therapy, as an iron carrier for erythroid cultures. Iron-loaded deferiprone (Def3·Fe3+) at a concentration of 52μmol/L could fully replace holotransferrin during erythroblast differentiation into reticulocytes, the erythroid differentiation stage with maximal iron requirements. Reticulocytes cultured in presence of Def3·Fe3+ or holotransferrin (1000μg/mL) were similar with respect to expression of cell-surface markers CD235a and CD49d, hemoglobin content, and oxygen association/dissociation. Def3·Fe3+ also supported expansion of the erythroid compartment in vitro, except for the first stage when hematopoietic stem cells committed to erythroblasts, in which a reduced erythroblasts yield was observed. This suggests that erythroblasts acquired the potential to process Def3·Fe3+ as iron source for biosynthesis pathways. Replacement of holotransferrin by Def3·Fe3+ was also successful in cultures of six myeloid cell lines (MOLM13, NB4, EOL1, K562, HL60, ML2). These results suggest that iron-loaded deferiprone can partially replace holotransferrin in chemically defined medium formulations for the production of cultured reticulocytes and proliferation of selected myeloid cell lines. This would lead to a significant decrease in medium cost that would improve the economic perspectives of the large scale production of red blood cells for transfusion purposes. Key points Holotransferrin limitations in erythroid cultures lead to lower erythroblast yields, impaired maturation and low enucleation efficiencies. Iron-loaded deferiprone can replace holotransferrin in erythroblast expansion and differentiation cultures.
PROBABILISTIC SEA LEVEL RISE FLOOD PROJECTIONS USING A LOCALIZED OCEAN REFERENCE SURFACE

Projecting sea level rise (SLR) impacts requires defining ocean surface variability as a source of uncertainty. But tidal gauge data for this purpose are sparse. We analyze data from a Regional Ocean Mode ling System (ROMS) reanalysis for the region surrou nding the main Hawaiian Islands to incorporate the uncertainty of the ocean surface in mapping SLR flood probabilities. To validate the use of the ROMS reanalysis data we scanned it for daily highest high water using a 24-hour window and scanned the Honolulu tidal station data over the same time period (2007 - 2017) and at the same sampling interval (3hr). The mean higher high water (MHHW) value calculated with ROMS (0.296 ± 0.115 m) closely matches the MHHW calculated from the Honolulu tidal station data (0.304 ± 0.108 m above MSL). By analyzing the ocean surface height component of the ROMS reanalysis, we create an ocean surface reference (ORS) as a proxy for MHHW. We model the NOAA Intermediate, Intermediate -high and High regional SLR scenarios provided by Sweet et al. (2017) for the years 2050 and 2100 at three field sites around O ʻahu; Waikīkī, Hauʻ ula, Hale ʻ iwa. We calculate a probability density function (PDF) by convolving the PDF of water level derived from the ROMS reanalysis data with the PDF of error associated with a digital elevation model of the study sites. The resulting joint - PDF of flood depth allows us to create two types of probability- based flood projections: (1) Maps illustrating varying flood depths for a given probability threshold and, (2) maps illustrating varying probability for a specific flood depth. We compare 80% probability flood projections using our ORS approach to projections using the TCARI grid, the standard NOAA method. We highlight the importance of uncertainty and user-defi ned probability in identifying pixels that function as tipping points distinguishing flooding styles.
On the Mechanical and Thermal Stability of Free-standing Monolayer Amorphous Carbon

Recently (C.-T. Toh et al., Nature 577, 199 (2020)), the first synthesis of free-standing monolayer amorphous carbon (MAC) was achieved. MAC is a pure carbon structure composed of five, six, seven and eight atom rings randomly distributed. MAC proved to be surprisingly stable and highly fracture resistant. Its electronic properties are similar to boron nitride. In this work, we have investigated the mechanical properties and thermal stability of MAC models using fully-atomistic reactive molecular dynamics simulations. For comparison purposes, the results are contrasted against pristine graphene (PG) models of similar dimensions. Our results show that MAC and PG exhibit distinct mechanical behavior and fracture dynamics patterns. While PG after a critical strain threshold goes directly from elastic to brittle regimes, MAC shows different elastic stages between these two regimes. Remarkably, MAC is thermally stable up to 3600 K, which is close to the PG melting point. These exceptional physical properties make MAC-based materials promising candidates for new technologies, such as flexible electronics.
Role of Indonesian Archipelago on Global 1 Thermohaline Circulation: Insights from 2 Numerical Experiments 3

19 This study employs the cGENIE Earth System Model to investigate the effects 20 of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and Indonesian Archipelago (IA) closure 21 on global meridional thermohaline circulation (THC). Over a simulated period 22 of 10,000 years, the analysis centers on critical variables, including surface den-23 sity, vertical density profiles, global overturning circulation, and ocean ventilation 24 age. The results reveal nuanced, non-statistically significant changes, emphasizing 25 the regional influence of the ITF. Specifically, surface density anomalies manifest 26 post-IA closure, notably in southern Mindanao and eastern Australia. Con-27 currently, anomalies in global overturning circulation indicate reduced vertical 28 transport intensities in the Southern Ocean. 29
Cybersickness in a Virtual and Mixed Reality Flight Simulator With a Video See-Through Head-Mounted Display

The Swedish Air Force Combat Simulation Centre (FLSC) is investigating how immersive technologies can be used with flight simulators. Cybersickness is sickness-like effects experienced when immersed in virtual environments using head-mounted displays. Research suggests that cybersickness is less severe in Mixed Reality (MR), where the environment is mixed with virtual and real objects, when using an optical see-through head-mounted display. The primary objective of this thesis was to determine differences in cybersickness in a Virtual Reality (VR) and MR flight simulator when using a video see-through head-mounted display. Twenty-nine volunteers participated in a cross-over experiment with repeated measure design, at FLSC in Kista. Cybersickness was assessed using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and Fast Motion Sickness scale (FMS). Results showed that the mean total score of SSQ was higher in VR (M = 15.6) than MR (M = 12.6) although not statistically significant ( p = .44). The mean FMS was also higher in VR (M = 1.34) than MR (M = 0.83) at a significant level ( p = .035). Subscale scores of the SSQ showed that disorientation symptoms had a higher mean in both VR and MR, compared to nausea and oculomotor discomfort symptoms. Only in MR was disorientation symptoms significantly higher than nausea ( p = .011). The thesis concluded that cybersickness seems less severe in MR and that disorientation symptoms seems predominant in MR and VR.
Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis

purpose of the research is to examine further whether information asymmetry and corporate governance are the causes of IPO underpricing. A purposive technique is used, and 318 samples of IPOs are selected from 2010 to 2020 on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). Next, a multiple regression model is developed and tested using the EViews 9 software. Our evidence shows that underwriter reputation negatively affects IPO underpricing, indicating a high level of information asymmetry in the Indonesian IPO market. Further, our evidence reveals that board size and number of employees negatively affect IPO underpricing. Meanwhile, manager and family ownership exhibit insignificant results due to the pyramidal ownership structure. Finally, we also find that reputable underwriters charge higher underwriting fees than non-reputable ones. In general, our study demonstrates that hiring a reputable underwriter and implementing good corporate governance practices can minimize underpricing during the IPO.
Performance Evaluation of Local Cassava Starch Flour as a Secondary Viscosifier and Fluid Loss Agent in Water Based Drilling Mud *

The success of any rotary drilling process depends on the type of drilling mud selected to achieve a particular task. The main function of drilling mud is to remove cuttings during drilling process. Viscosity is by far, the most needed property of the drilling fluid to aid it perform its needed task. The viscosity property of the mud helps in well cleaning and also aid in the suspension of drilling cuttings when circulation of the fluid is put on hold. It is important to monitor and continuously adjust the viscosity of the drilling fluid. Series of investigations have been carried out to discover less expensive and high performance viscosifiers. Cassava starch flour with bentonite in controlling viscosity and fluid loss in Water Based Mud (WBM) was investigated in this study. Various mud samples were formulated consisting of different masses of cassava starch flour (2 g, 4 g, 6 g and 8 g) and an additional one being the control bentonite (0 g of cassava starch flour). Fluid loss and rheological tests were carried out to determine the plastic viscosity, yield point, gel strength among others. Results from this investigation showed that, increasing the amount of cassava starch flour in the WBM increased the viscosity of the mud samples due to its swelling ability. Mud samples with cassava starch flour exhibited greater suspension ability (gel strength) of cuttings than that of the control sample with the exception of 6 g and 8 g of cassava starch at 80 °C for the 10 minutes gel strength. At the end of the fluid loss test, mud sample with cassava starch flour concentration of 2 g recorded a filter cake thickness of 2 mm while that of 4 g, 6 g, and 8 g gave 3 mm thickness. In conclusion, introduction of cassava starch flour into the mud samples from concentrations of 2 g to 8 g reduced its fluid loss by an average of 8 %. Based on the analyses, starch flour prepared from freshly uprooted local cassava has the potential to improve viscosity and also control fluid loss in WBM.
Neurobiology of Aging

Increased caloric intake (OF) impairs quality of life causing comorbidities with other diseases and cognitive deﬁcits, whereas dietary restriction (DR) increases healthspan by preventing age-related deteriora-tions. To understand the effects of these opposing dietary regimens on the cellular and synaptic dynamics during brain aging, the zebraﬁsh model, which shows gradual aging like mammals, was utilized. Global changes in cellular and synaptic markers with respect to age and a 12 week dietary regimen of OF and DR demonstrated that aging reduces the levels of the glutamate receptor subunits, GLUR2/3, inhibitory synaptic clustering protein, GEP, synaptic vesicle protein, SYP, and early-differentiated neuronal marker, HuC. DR signiﬁcantly elevates levels of glutamate receptor subunits, GLUR2/3, and NMDA clustering protein, PSD95, levels, while OF subtly increases the level of the neuronal protein, DCAMKL1. These data suggest that decreased caloric intake within the context of aging has more robust effects on synapses than cellular proteins, whereas OF alters cellular dynamics. Thus, patterns like these should be taken into account for possible translation to human subjects.
Spatial and temporal analysis of compensational stacking and gradual migration of an experimental debris-flow fan

iii LIST OF FIGURES.viii LIST OF TABLES.xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.1 1.1 Scope of Work.3 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND.4 2.1 Debris Flow and Debris fans/Alluvial Fans in Nature.4 2.2 Debris Flow Fluid Mechanics and Various Representative Models.9 2.3 Alluvial Fans and Debris-Flow Fans in the Laboratory.14 2.4 Compensational Stacking and the Modified Compensation Index.15 2.5 Scaling of Models.21 2.6 Importance of Current Experiment in Regards to Previous Work.22 CHAPTER 3: THE PHYSICAL MODEL.24 3.1 Geologic Setting.24 3.2 Experimental Debris-Flow Fluid and Fluid Scaling.24 3.3 Scaling Considerations.29 3.4 Limitations of Model.35
Climate Change and People Change: Dancing the Dialectic

The fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2014) says that accelerated climate change is occurring because of enhanced release of greenhouse gases. It is projected that temperatures will increase in East Africa but there is no agreement on how precipitation will change. There is acceptance that the climate system will throw up more frequent extreme conditions, including drought. We can begin to understand how this will materialize in people's livelihood strategies and adaptive choices. This paper identifies theoretical problems in the dominant discourses surrounding human-environment relations and climate change, and argues for a dialectical approach to the subject. It concludes with a brief vignette focused on a dialectical study of climate change.
Feedback Attributions to the Dominant Modes of East Asian Winter Monsoon Variations

AbstractThis study investigates the variations and feedback attributions of changes in surface temperature between strong and weak East Asian winter monsoons. The variations of winter-mean surface air temperature are dominated by two distinct principal modes that account for 70.9% of the total variance. The first mode features high correlation with the high-latitude atmospheric circulation, including a correlation coefficient of −0.53 with the Arctic Oscillation in January, and the second mode is significantly linked to El Nino–Southern Oscillation, with a correlation coefficient of −0.37. The surface temperature anomalies of each mode are decomposed into partial temperature anomalies resulting from radiative and nonradiative feedback processes by applying a coupled climate feedback–response analysis method to quantify contributions from thermodynamic and dynamic processes. Results indicate that the surface cooling associated with both modes is mainly attributed to the nonradiative feedback processes of a.
Vitamin in schizophrenia and depression: a clinical review

Summary Evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies support a role for vitamin D in many mental disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of vitamin D in the aetiology and treatment of schizophrenia and depression and their physical health comorbidities. Although observational studies support a potential association between vitamin D and schizophrenia and depression, sufficient high quality evidence from clinical trials does not yet exist to establish a place for vitamin D supplementation in optimising clinical response or promoting physical health. Completed randomised controlled trials are needed to provide insights into the efficacy and safety of vitamin D in the management of mental disorders.
Monte Carlo Approach for Uncertainty Analysis of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Discharge Measurement by Moving Boat

AbstractThis paper presents a method using Monte Carlo simulations for assessing uncertainty of moving-boat acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) discharge measurements using a software tool known as QUant, which was developed for this purpose. Analysis was performed on 10 data sets from four Water Survey of Canada gauging stations in order to evaluate the relative contribution of a range of error sources to the total estimated uncertainty. The factors that differed among data sets included the fraction of unmeasured discharge relative to the total discharge, flow nonuniformity, and operator decisions about instrument programming and measurement cross section. As anticipated, it was found that the estimated uncertainty is dominated by uncertainty of the discharge in the unmeasured areas, highlighting the importance of appropriate selection of the site, the instrument, and the user inputs required to estimate the unmeasured discharge. The main contributor to uncertainty was invalid data, but spatial inh.
A Mortality Model for Multi-Populations: A Semi-Parametric Approach

Mortality is different across countries, states and regions. Several empirical research works however reveal that mortality trends exhibit a common pattern and show similar structures across populations. The key element in analyzing mortality rate is a time-varying indicator curve. Our main interest lies in validating the existence of the common trends among these curves, the similar gender differences and their variability in location among the curves at the national level. Motivated by the empirical findings, we make the study of estimating and forecasting mortality rates based on a semi-parametric approach, which is applied to multiple curves with the shape-related nonlinear variation. This approach allows us to capture the common features contained in the curve functions and meanwhile provides the possibility to characterize the nonlinear variation via a few deviation parameters. These parameters carry an instructive summary of the time-varying curve functions and can be further used to make a suggestive forecast analysis for countries with barren data sets. In this research the model is illustrated with mortality rates of Japan and China, and extended to incorporate more countries. All numerical procedures are transparent and reproduced on www.quantlet. de.
Ultrasonic acoustic deterrents signi ﬁ cantly reduce bat fatalities at wind turbines

Wind turbines are known to cause bat fatalities worldwide. Ultrasonic acoustic deterrents are a potential solution to reduce impacts on bats, but few experimental ﬁ eld studies have been conducted at utility scale wind energy facilities. Our objective was to assess effectiveness of a recently developed deterrent for reducing bat fatalities at wind turbines in southern Texas, USA. We quanti ﬁ ed fatalities at control (deterrents off) and treatment (deterrents on) wind turbines from 31 July through 30 October in 2017 and 2018, and assessed deterrent effectiveness using generalized linear mixed models. Our results indicate deterrents signi ﬁ cantly reduced bat fatalities for Lasiurus cinereus and Tadarida brasiliensis by 78% and 54%, respectively. We observed no signi ﬁ cant reduction in fatalities for other species in the genus Lasiurius . Thus, deterrents represent a potential impact reduction strategy for some bat species, but research is still warranted to improve species-speci ﬁ c effectiveness. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND
A common, symptom-based case deﬁnition for gastroenteritis

National studies determining the burden of gastroenteritis have deﬁned gastroenteritis by its clinical picture, using symptoms to classify cases and non-cases. The use of diﬀerent case deﬁnitions has complicated inter-country comparisons. We selected four case deﬁnitions from the literature, applied these to population data from Australia, Canada, Ireland, Malta and the United States, and evaluated how the epidemiology of illness varied. Based on the results, we developed a standard case deﬁnition. The choice of case deﬁnition impacted on the observed incidence of gastroenteritis, with a 1.5–2.1 times diﬀerence between deﬁnitions in a given country. The proportion of cases with bloody diarrhoea, fever, and the proportion who sought medical care and submitted a stool sample also varied. The mean age of cases varied by < 5 years under the four deﬁnitions. To ensure comparability of results between studies, we recommend a standard symptom-based case deﬁnition, and minimum set of results to be reported
Investigating Some Correlates of Hegemonic Investigating Some Correlates of Hegemonic Masculinity and Criminal Motives among Residents Masculinity and Criminal Motives among Residents in Juvenile Correctional Facilities in Juvenile Correctional Facilities

The primary goal of juvenile corrections is behavior reform through various therapeutic programs; yet, juvenile reoffending persists as a costly and serious social problem. Few studies have examined how the quasi-military approach of juvenile corrections may conflict with its therapeutic goals. A comprehensive literature review revealed several disturbing findings concerning youth residing in juvenile facilities, such as one study that reported a paradox between therapeutic programs and a correctional punitive culture. Moreover, these studies suggest that the prisonized nature of corrections can reinforce hegemonic masculinity in residents, increase moral disengagement, bullying, lying, and criminal behaviors is problematic. Accordingly, the current study explores the issue of rehabilitation in such environments by assessing the relationships between residents in juvenile corrections, hegemonic masculinity, and criminality. The findings of the current study and literature review suggest the need to reevaluate juvenile corrections as an institution of rehabilitation.