Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fossil Beds, Gravity Flows, and Sand Waves during the Pliocene: Gulf of California

Abstract The evidence from sedimentary structures and the stratigraphic and biostratinomic context of shell layers are used here to describe how shell beds are formed within a sedimentary sand wave. Shell beds in the Pliocene San Nicolás Formation, within the Baja California Central Domain, were accumulated through the physical processes of gravity induced flow currents. The hydraulic regime and sedimentary differences between the up-current slope and the leeward slope part of the sand wave can be explained by flow stratification. The taphonomic differences between the fossil concentrations of the bottom and the upper layers in the leeward slope are a result of a change in the current dynamics for the basin. The leeward slope side of the sand wave represents episodic, short-term, dynamic bypassing in gravity-induced, low-flow current beds creating shell beds.
An overview of rare-earth recovery by ion-exchange leaching from ion-adsorption clays of various origins

Abstract Continuous development of advanced technologies has created increasing demand for rare-earth elements (REE), with global emphasis on identifying new alternate sources to ensure adequate supply. Ore deposits containing physically adsorbed lanthanides are substantially lower grade than other REE deposit types; however, the low mining and processing costs make them economically attractive as sources of REE. To evaluate the commercial potential for the recovery of REEs from ion-adsorption deposits in a systematic manner, a standardized procedure for REE leaching was developed previously. Using this procudure it was found that, regardless of variations in ore origin and REE content, all REE consistently reached peak extraction levels under ambient conditions with fast kinetics. Various techniques to improve the REE extraction through process variations were also investigated: it was found that decreasing the L:S ratio, re-using leachate on fresh ores and counter-current leaching were all capable of increasing REE concentrations in the resultant leachate, albeit at the expense of REE extraction levels. In addition, the water content trapped in the leached material was found to contain significant amounts of REE and residual lixiviant requiring thorough washing of the solid residue.
“Where’s My People?”: An Investigation of the Structure and Content of Black and Latinx College Students’ Ethnic-Racial Identity Narratives

As attending college became a normative life experience in the U.S., society developed a cultural narrative about what a “good” college experience looks like. But, for racially minoritized college students, this master narrative often excludes their experiences. Integrating narrative and ethnic-racial identity, the current study investigates how a sample of 11 Black and Latinx students (M age = 19.73) narrate their lives in college and make meaning of their racial experiences. Participants were prompted to construct their college story as if it were a book with chapters and describe the connections between those chapters. We analyzed students’ college stories and found that they used either chronological or thematic coherence to structure their narratives; this distinction in structure was related to the content of their stories. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of using a racialized college story narrative to understand ethnic-racial identity for minoritized college students.
Short and long-term temporal variation of the zooplankton in a tropical estuary (Amazon region, Brazil)

Nyctemeral and seasonal distribution of the zooplankton of the Taperaçu estuary and the effect of the hydrological parameters on the dynamics of these organisms were studied in March (rainy season) and September 2005 (dry season). Zooplankton samplings were carried out during spring tides at 2-hours intervals during a 24 h period. Samples were collected with a plankton net of 120 μm mesh size. Simultaneous temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen concentration measurements were accomplished at subsurface. The estuary presented a high seasonal variation in salinity (9.1-40.0) with regimes oscillating from mesohaline to polihaline/marine during the rainy and dry season, respectively. Temperature, pH and salinity were significantly higher during the dry season. A total of 50 taxa were identified, belonging to the following groups: Arthropoda, Sarcomastigophora, Cnidaria, Mollusca, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, Bryozoa, Chordata, Annelida and Chaetognatha. Copepods dominated quantitatively the local zooplankton with 50% of the total organisms. Total zooplankton densities oscillated from 16,491 to 397,476 ind.m-3 during the dry and rainy season, respectively. Rainfall was the principal responsible for the hydrological parameters oscillations, mainly salinity, which influenced directly the population dynamics of the zooplankton of the Taperaçu estuary.
Frequency-Dependent Relationships Between Tree-Ring Series Along an Ecological Gradient and Some Dendroclimatic Implications

Bristlecone pines were sampled at four sites ranging from the arid lower forest border to the upper treeline in the Snake Range of eastern Nevada. Maximum ring -width response to environmental variation is found at the upper and lower forest limits. Ring -width index series from individual trees, as well as the mean site chronologies, were compared by cross -correlation analysis and principal component analysis, combined with digital filtering to emphasize variations in different frequency ranges. Positive correlation exists between the highfrequency variations at all sites, but the longer term trends and fluctuations at the upper treeline are negatively correlated with fluctuations at the lower altitude sites. Crossspectral analysis substantiates the results of crosscorrelation analysis and indicates that the associated variations in the upper treeline and lower forest border chronologies are concentrated in certain frequency ranges that may have climatic significance. From examination of the climatic response functions, the negatively correlated low frequency variations are tentatively judged to be related to warmseason temperature fluctuations, whereas the positively correlated high frequency variations may be related to precipitation. Frequencydependent relationships between tree -ring chronologies, or between tree -rings and climate should be considered in the analysis of large arrays of tree -ring chronologies representing a broad range of species and ecological situations.
An Unexpected Complication Resulting from Radiofrequency Ablation for Treating Facet Joint Syndrome: A Case Report

Lumbar facet joints have been identified as a potential source of chronic low back pain (LBP) in 15% to 45% of patients, with the prevalence of such pain varying based on specific populations and settings examined. Lumbar facet joint interventions are useful in the diagnosis as well as the therapeutic management of chronic LBP. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of medial branch nerves is recognized as a safe and effective therapy for chronic facet joint pain in the lumbosacral spine, and its efficacy has already been established. The use of RFA is currently widespread in the management of spinal pain, but it is noteworthy that there have been works in the literature reporting complications, albeit at a very low frequency. We present a case of third-degree skin burns following radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the management of facet joint syndrome. Postoperatively, the patient’s skin encircling the needle displayed a pallor and exhibited deterioration in conjunction with the anatomical anomaly. The affected area required approximately 5 months to heal completely. During RFA, heat can induce burns not only at the point of contact with the RF electrode but also along the length of the needle. Vigilant attention is necessary to ensure patient safety and to address any potential complications that may arise during the procedure, including the possibility of minor technical errors.
Carbon Reporting: Analysis of the Spanish Market Response

espanolComo consecuencia de la creciente importancia del cambio climatico, se han desarrollado una serie de estandares referentes a la divulgacion de informacion por las organizaciones en relacion a los riesgos, estrategias y oportunidades que aquel implica, asi como sus inventarios de carbono. Entre ellos destaca el Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), en el que participan un numero importante de empresas cotizadas a nivel internacional. Para una muestra de empresas cotizadas en Bolsa de Madrid y que participan en el CDP, en este trabajo se analiza si la divulgacion de informacion de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y las estrategias de cambio climatico de estas empresas tiene contenido informativo para el mercado y si este evento tiene relevancia valorativa. Los resultados sugieren que el mercado interpreta como una buena noticia la participacion de las empresas en el CDP, ademas de ser una variable atributo en la valoracion de las empresas. EnglishAs a result of the growing importance of climate change, several global climate change reporting standards have been developed. Among them, Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) is of significance as it has been considered by a large number of internationally traded companies. CDP’s purpose is to provide investors with useful information regarding companies’ greenhouse gas emissions and climate change strategies. For a sample of listed companies in Bolsa de Madrid and that participate in CDP, this paper analyses if the reporting of carbon emissions and climate change strategies of those companies have informational content for market and if the publication of this information has value relevance. The results of this study show that the participation of companies in CDP is considered by market as a good news as well as it is an attribute variable for business valuation.
Relationship between Iron Deficiency and Thyroid Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: Iron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency worldwide. Low levels of serum ferritin (SF) could affect the thyroid gland and its functioning. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the main currently available evidence and analyze data on the relationship between ID and thyroid function. Methods: This study included all articles evaluating the relationship between ID and thyroid function. Quality assessment was performed using Cambridge Quality Checklists. The search strategy included the following combination of Medical Subjects Headings terms and keywords: “iron deficiency”, “thyroid function”, “thyroid disease”, “thyroid dysfunction”, and “hypothyroidism”. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate whether thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels differed between patients with ID and healthy controls without ID. For statistical comparison between cases and controls, the mean difference (MD) was calculated, and a subgroup analysis of pregnant and non-pregnant women was performed. Cochran’s Q testing and heterogeneity indices (I2) were used to assess statistical heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias analyses were also performed, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, a meta-regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between serum TSH or FT4 levels and SF in the study population. Results: Ten cross-sectional studies were identified and reviewed. Patients with ID showed TSH (MD: −0.24 mIU/L; 95% CI −0.41, −0.07; I2 = 100%, p = 0.005), FT4 (MD: −1.18 pmol/L; 95% CI −1.43, −0.94; I2 = 99%, p < 0.000001), and FT3 (MD: −0.22 pmol/L; 95% CI −0.32, −0.12; I2 = 99%, p < 0.00001) levels that were significantly lower. Subgroup analysis confirmed significantly lower TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels in pregnant women. Non-pregnant women showed significantly lower serum FT4 and FT3 levels but no difference in TSH values. Meta-regression analysis showed that serum TSH and FT4 levels were positively correlated with SF levels. Our systematic review of the literature found that ID significantly increases the prevalence of thyroid autoantibody (anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies) positivity both individually and collectively. Conclusion: Studies currently published in the literature indicate a possible relationship between ID, thyroid function, and autoimmunity, especially in some patient groups. Data analysis shows that thyroid hormone levels are lower in patients with ID and, in particular, in pregnant women. Further studies are needed to understand the role played by iron in thyroid metabolism.
A Late Jurassic Carbonate Ramp Colonized by Sponges and Benthic Microbial Communities (External Prebetic, Southern Spain)

Abstract During the Middle to Late Oxfordian (locally ranging into the earliest Kimmeridgian), the epicontinental shelf that persisted in the southeastern paleomargin of Iberia (Prebetic Zone) was largely colonized by siliceous sponges (Dictyida, Lychniskida, and Lithistida, in descending order of abundance). Spongiolithic lithofacies (sponge-rich deposits in which buildups are rare and small) represent a marine environment extensively colonized by sponges in the form of large sponge meadows showing associated epibenthic organisms (brachiopods, bivalves, and echinoderms). Marl-limestone rhythmites represent muddy bottoms colonized by scarce endobenthos (bivalves and irregular echinoids). However, the occurrence of patchy sponge bioherms provided a favorable substrate for epibionts and microbial lithoherms (microbialites). The record of meter-scale buildups showing sponge bioherm-microbial lithoherm in marl-limestone rhythmites resulted from the preferred colonization of sponge patches by benthic microbial communities, the growth of which on surrounding muddy bottoms was very limited or impossible. Sedimentation rate, substrate, bathymetry, light, nutrients, oxygenation, and environmental (water) energy determined the eco-sedimentary conditions responsible for the occurrence and composition of spongiolithic facies in the area studied. Throughout the Late Oxfordian and the earliest Kimmeridgian, the progressive increase in the rate of sedimentation, especially influx of siliciclastics, forced the disappearance of sponge bioherms-microbial lithoherms from the Prebetic shelf.
Constructs and Theoretical Connections of Disability Management Policies, Managerial Behaviours, and Return-To-Work Outcomes

The workplace reintegration of employees that have recovered from longer-term injury or illness is usually legally required and often challenging to complete. This article pertains to disability management policies, managerial behaviours, and return-to-work outcomes of such reintegration activities. Previous research has neglected the intermediary role of managers in the return-to-work process. To remedy this gap, descriptions and categorizations of pertinent disability management policies, manager behaviours, and outcomes, as well as theoretical explanations for the connections between these constructs, are presented. The central nature of managerial behaviours is noted. Consequently, the article provides structure to support additional research on the relationship between policies, behaviours, and outcomes. Further, the presented logical model offers pathway guidance for diagnostic and initiative actions for the reintegration of employees to the workplace.
Retrieval of total inorganic nitrogen concentration in pearl river estuary by remote sensing

In this paper, an algorithm for retrieval of Total Inorganic Nitrogen (TIN) concentration was developed by Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression, based on the remote sensing reflectance data and TIN data measured at 36 stations in Pearl River Estuary during two cruises which were conducted in January 2003 and January 2004 respectively. Six cases of band-ratio were considered on the algorithm development, and the band-ratio with band 6 as the denominator was used for the algorithm. The estimated TIN concentration was compared with sea-truth TIN data at 18 stations in the Pearl River estuary. The average relative error is 9.06%, and maximum relative error is 18.2%. Then the algorithm was also applied to SeaWiFS data of Dec., 31, 1998. The SeaWiFS-retrieved TIN results were compared with measured TIN data, which were collected in Dec., 31, 1998 and the average relative error is 31.9%. The result shows that the algorithm has good stability, and could be applied to satellite data acquired in different time. The algorithm could be employed for estimation of TIN concentration and for research of eutrophication in the Pearl River estuary.
A revision of the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene eutherian mammal Cimolestes Marsh, 1889

Cimolestes Marsh is a North American eutherian mammal primarily known from latest Cretaceous deposits in Alberta, Wyoming, Saskatchewan, and Montana. At present, five species of Cimolestes are considered valid, all Lancian in age; they include one of the largest North American Late Cretaceous therian mammals as well as one of the smallest, a size range far exceeding that within other genera of tribosphenic therians contemporary with Cimolestes, such as the leptictoid eutherian Gypsonictops Simpson or genera of alphadontid or pediomyid marsupials. Moreover, the species of Cimolestes display a disparity of dental morphology in addition to size well in excess of interspecific differences within these genera. Given these considerations, Cimolestes is clearly a grade-taxon, uniting species sharing an adaptively subzalambdodont dentition, but showing divergent specializations within this pattern that are inconsistent with monophyly of its presently included species. To correct these imbalances, this paper limit.
Impact of a noise-polluted urban environment on the song frequencies of a cosmopolitan songbird, the Great Tit (Parus major), in Denmark

Low-frequency ambient noise is known to cause shifts in the song frequency of different species of songbirds, such as the Great Tit (Parus major). The present study was conducted to test the generality of these findings by measuring the distribution of energy across the spectrum of songs of theGreat Tit. The studied individuals were either exposed to low-frequency ambient traffic noise in an urban environment (Copenhagen, Denmark) or not exposed to such an environment (the Strodam Reserve north of Copenhagen). A trend throughout all frequency-energy quartiles illustrated that the species sang at an elevated frequency in urban environments compared to rural ones, and that both the upperand lower-frequency-energy quartiles were signifcantly higher in the former.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DISPERSAL OF THE YELLOW RIVER WATER AND SEDIMENT TO THE SEA DURING WATER-SEDIMENT REGULATION PERIOD OF THE YELLOW RIVER AND ITS DYNAMIC MECHANISM

Data of current velocity,water temperature,salinity and concentration of suspended sediment were collected from 3 time-series survey transects of 3 boats off the Yellow River delta and 24 grid survey stations in the adjacent Bohai Sea during water-sediment regulation period of the River.Based on the collected data,the dispersal characteristics of the river water and sediment to the sea were analyzed,and the residual current and sediment flux of the time-series stations were calculated.The results show that the dispersal area of the Yellow River sediment to the sea was basically limited within the coastal zone to 20 km from the coast,extending to the southwest of the Laizhou Bay in the south and to 38°N in the north.The diluted river water dispersed widely.Covering the north and middle parts of the whole Laizhou Bay,the diluted water could extend to the Longkou City at its farthest southeast end,indicating that the dispersal pattern of the river sediment was quite different from the water dispersal pattern.There were two centers with high sediment concentrations.One of them was located in the river mouth area,and the other was around the abandoned Diaokou River mouth area,corresponding to sediment from the river mouth and sediment from resuspension of the surface sediment in the abandoned river mouth,respectively.The barred and convergent effects of the tidal shear fronts near the river mouth and off the delta coast were responsible for the limited dispersal of the Yellow River sediment within 13 m of the water depth.The wide dispersal of the river diluted water was controlled by the surface residual currents.There was little sediment exchange between the two high sediment concentration centers due to the directions of the residual currents and weak vertical mixing.The residual currents and the sediment flux showed that the direction of the sediment dispersal was basically northeastward.
Research on classification of hyperspectral image based on improved pixel-level and super-pixel-level feature fusion

Currently, deep learning has been widely used in the field of hyperspectral image classification, in which hyperspectral image classification methods based on pixel-level and super-pixel-level feature fusion combine the respective advantages of convolutional neural networks and graph convolutional neural networks to achieve better classification results. In this method super pixel-level graph neural network uses linear discriminant analysis to downscale hyperspectral remote sensing images, however, linear discriminant analysis as a supervised linear method cannot downscale the nonlinear hyperspectral data well. To solve this problem, we implemented a hyperspectral image classification method based on kernel principal component analysis for hyper-pixel-level graph neural networks. In general, principal component analysis is applicable to linear dimensionality reduction of data, while kernel principal component analysis can achieve nonlinear dimensionality reduction of data for processing linearly indistinguishable data sets. Extensive experiments on both datasets show that the improved method in this paper is competitive compared to other mainstream methods.
Brittle deformation of hornblende in a mylonite: a direct geometrical analogue of ductile deformation by translation gliding

Hornblende in a mylonitic rock from the Grenville front has deformed by fracture and slip on a parting subnormal to the c crystallographic axis. Rotation of the fragments during progressive deformation produced a preferred orientation of poles to the slip plane. When this slip plane had rotated close to the plane of the foliation, slip occurred on a second plane. This process is envisaged as being analogous to translation gliding in crystals.