Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Overview of the Protein Binding of Cephalosporins in Human Body Fluids: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Protein binding can diminish the pharmacological effect of beta-lactam antibiotics. Only the free fraction has an antibacterial effect. The aim of this systematic literature review was to give an overview of the current knowledge of protein binding of cephalosporins in human body fluids as well as to describe patient characteristics influencing the level of protein binding. Method: A systematic literature search was performed in Embase, Medline ALL, Web of Science Core Collection and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials with the following search terms: “protein binding,” “beta-lactam antibiotic,” and “body fluid. ” Only studies were included where protein binding was measured in humans in vivo. Results: The majority of studies reporting protein binding were performed in serum or plasma. Other fluids included pericardial fluid, blister fluid, bronchial secretion, pleural exudate, wound exudate, cerebrospinal fluid, dialysate, and peritoneal fluid. Protein binding differs between diverse cephalosporins and between different patient categories. For cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cefpiramide, and cefonicid a non-linear pattern in protein binding in serum or plasma was described. Several patient characteristics were associated with low serum albumin concentrations and were found to have lower protein binding compared to healthy volunteers. This was for critically ill patients, dialysis patients, and patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass during surgery. While mean/median percentages of protein binding are lower in these patient groups, individual values may vary considerably. Age is not likely to influence protein binding by itself, however limited data suggest that lower protein binding in newborns. Obesity was not correlated with altered protein binding. Discussion/Conclusion: Conclusions on protein binding in other body fluids than blood cannot be drawn due to the scarcity of data. In serum and plasma, there is a large variability in protein binding per cephalosporin and between different categories of patients. Several characteristics were identified which lead to a lower protein binding. The finding that some of the cephalosporins display a non-linear pattern of protein binding makes it even more difficult to predict the unbound concentrations in individual patients. Taken all these factors, it is recommended to measure unbound concentrations to optimize antibiotic exposure in individual patients. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier (CRD42021252776).
Resource-Use Efficiency and Firm Performance in Nigeria’s Manufacturing Industry

The study investigated the existence of technical efficiency among manufacturing firms and examine its effects on firm performance in Nigeria using firm level data between 2001 and 2017. Variables such as capital, labour, total overhead inputs, total firm output, competition, capital intensity, firm market share, technical efficiency scores and firm profitability were used in this study. Using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to generate the technical efficiency scores, the study adopted System-GMM to examine the effects of technical efficiency on firm performance among quoted manufacturing firms operating in consumer (food beverages and tobacco), industrial and health (pharmaceutical) sectors in Nigeria. The findings revealed that 29% of the variation between the observed and optimal outputs is attributed to inefficiency among manufacturing firms. However, firm competitiveness significantly increases the efficient use of resources among manufacturing firms. This study further showed that technical efficiency variable has positive effects on manufacturing firm performance in Nigeria. The paper concluded that competition increases the efficient utilization of resources which positively improves firm performance in Nigeria’s manufacturing industry. Finally, the paper recommended that industrial policies should be geared towards promoting healthy competition (and not collusion) among manufacturing firms to attain optimal economic efficiency of resources.
Detection of N 15 NH + in L1544

Context. Excess levels of 15 N isotopes which have been detected in primitive solar system materials are explained as a remnant of interstellar chemistry which took place in regions of the protosolar nebula. Aims. Chemical models of nitrogen fractionation in cold clouds predict an enhancement in the gas-phase abundance of 15 N-bearing molecules, thus we have searched for 15 N variants of the N2H + ion in L1544, which is one of the best candidate sources for detection owing to its low central core temperature and high CO depletion. Methods. With the IRAM 30 m telescope we have obtained deep integrations of the N 15 NH + (1−0) line at 91.2 GHz. Results. The N 15 NH + (1−0) line has been detected toward the dust emission peak of L1544. The 14 N/ 15 N abundance ratio in N 15 NH + resulted 446 ± 71, very close to the protosolar value of ∼ 450, higher than the terrestrial ratio of ∼270, and significantly lower than the lower limit in L1544 found by Gerin et al. (2009, ApJ, 570, L101) in the same object using ammonia isotopologues.
Influence of Spontaneous Fission Rates on the r-process Nucleosynthesis

The effects of spontaneous fission on r-process nucleosynthesis are investigated in the hot wind r-process scenario. We perform network calculations using three sets of spontaneous fission rates to study how the abundance pattern is shaped when different sets of fissioning nuclei are encountered by the r-process nuclear flow. The relative contributions from spontaneous fission, neutron-induced fission, and β-delayed fission to the nucleosynthesis process are studied by calculating the corresponding fission flow. We show that the relative contributions of various fission channels in r-process nucleosynthesis depend on the astrophysical conditions and fission models used. By using the spontaneous fission rates from a modified Swiatecki’s formula with isospin and blocking effects, the spontaneous fission and neutron-induced fission play an equally important role in r-process nucleosynthesis under an extreme neutron-rich astrophysical scenario with Y e = 0.1. The fissioning nuclei are located in different regions of the nuclear chart when different spontaneous fission models are used. The fission fragment distributions of fissioning nuclei in different regions have apparent diversity, which affects the mass regions where fission products are deposited, leading to the difference of the final abundance around the second r-process peak and rare-earth subpeak.
Impacts of health insurance on health care utilization and health behaviors among older people in China

ABSTRACT Using three waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2005, 2008–2009, and 2011–2012, this study investigates the effect of health insurance on health care utilization and health behaviors of older people in China. Enrollment in a health insurance program represents the main explanatory variable, while total health expenditures (THE), out-of-pocket expenditures (OOP), smoking, drinking and physical inactivity represent outcomes of interest. This study finds that health insurance is associated with an increase in THE and a reduction in OOP, suggesting that insurance enhances access to health services while reducing financial burden. The effects of insurance on health behaviors are complex, associated with increased probabilities of smoking and drinking and a decreased probability of physical inactivity. Results vary across age, education and residential location groups and across time, due to the fact that the health insurance system changed significantly during the study period.
INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of intellectual capital on financial performance in Indonesia's hotel, restaurant, and tourism industries between 2018 and 2020. Annual reports from www.idx. co.id for the years 2018 until 2020 were used as secondary data. The sampling method was purposive sasmpling, while the measurement of human capital using VAIC. As a result, the multiple linear regression analysis finds that structural and human capital employed have an effect on financial performance while human capital does not. Based on the analysis result, we can conclude that tourism and hospitality businesses should determine the strategic role of strategic resources within the organization, particularly intellectual capital, during COVID-19. This is bolstered by the hotel, restaurant, and tourism industries, all of which rely heavily on intangible assets.
Do Dutch SMEs Manage Financial Risk Rationally? Implications from an Empirical Study

During the past decades, risk management became a safeguarding principle for management in organizations. Several models were developed, evaluated, and implemented. Research of risk management, state the professionalism at firms regarding risk management and explore determinants that explain the conceived level of risk management. The firm’s size and the level of education of the risk manager seem to determine the level of risk management at individual organizations. Rational operating organizations are expected to level their risk exposure with the level of financial risk management. Our research shows at Dutch SMEs the level of risk is not aligned with the effort put into managing these financial risks. Empirical results show that none of our 8 selected risk factors are significantly related to the level of financial risk management. This implies Dutch SMEs do not rationally manage their financial risks.
The Impact of Private Equity and Venture Capital on Companies’ Post IPO Performance: evidence from China

: With the rapid development of Private Equity (PE) and Venture Capital (VC), more and more companies receive funding before going to public. This article focuses on the impact of PE/VC’s investment on firms post IPO performance, using data from Chinese Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) Sci-Tech innovation board (star) market to conduct a regression model. According to the analysis, there is indeed a positive relationship between PE/VC presence and growth rate in share price, with coefficient being 0.147. These results demonstrate the positive impact of PE/VC and provides investors confidence when buying backed companies’ stock, which shed light on exploring the inherit effects on investment.
Occurrence of Patulin and Polyphenol Profile of Croatian Traditional and Conventional Apple Cultivars during Storage

Apples and apple-based products are among the most consumed fruits around the world. However, they are susceptible to infection with the fungi Penicilium expansum. In addition to the reduction of apple quality, secondary metabolism of this fungus produces a mycotoxin patulin that has a negative effect on human health. Currently, there is no available research in the literature on the resistance of Croatian traditional apple cultivars to contamination with P. expansum, and consequently, on the patulin content in apples and apple juice produced from those apples. Although the mechanism of apple resistance to fungal diseases has not yet been sufficiently investigated, some studies have shown that polyphenolic compounds have some impact on fungi growth. In order to contribute with new knowledge, this research deals with monitoring the growth of P. expansum on apples, patulin detection by LC/MS-MS, determination of polyphenol profile by validated HPLC method, and determining the effect of polyphenolic compounds on fungi growth and patulin production during apple storage. The results of this study have shown that Croatian traditional apple cultivars harvested from family farm Horvatić contain higher concentration of polyphenolic compounds and higher antioxidant activity. At the same time, they showed more resistance to infection by P. expansum than conventional ones. The higher content of dihydrochalcones and flavanols encouraged the biosynthesis of patulin in examined cultivars. However, the higher content of non-flavonoids such as 2-6 dimethoxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and chlorogenic acid leads to decrease in content of patulin. In conclusion, it seems that content of polyphenols and patulin production are correlated.
Sustainable Leadership, Environmental Turbulence, Resilience, and Employees' Wellbeing in SMEs

Drawing on the conservation of resources theory and contingency theories of leadership, this study aims to investigate how sustainable leadership (SL) influences employees' wellbeing (WB) through employee resilience (ER) and to examine the moderating effect of environmental turbulence (ET) on the “sustainable leadership-employees' wellbeing” relationship. Data were collected from 593 employees and 373 supervisors adopting two-wave design among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China. The authors used structural equation modeling to empirically test the hypothesized model in this study. The research shows that SL is significantly related to the employees' WB in SMEs. Regarding mediating effect, SL also indirectly influences employees' WB through ER. Moreover, the impact of SL on employees' WB becomes more prominent in the presence of lower ET. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no prior study is available about the integrated relationship of SL, ER, ET, and employee WB.
Can Acute Care Biomarkers Change Patient’s Management in Sepsis?

Sepsis and septic shock have an enormous burden on healthcare systems, having more than 30 million people worldwide suffering from those diseases. As emergency providers we must be able to immediately recognize the presence of sepsis to improve the management of this disease and reduce its burden on patient’s lives and on the emergency departments. Biomarkers can play an important role in this attempt. Laboratory tests could help both to identify the presence of sepsis at patients’ arrival and to stratify the risk of progression to septic shock. A new biomarker in that regard is represented by Bioactive Adrenomedullin (BioADM), which mirrors vascular integrity, and is able to detect the physio pathological deterioration of the patients with sepsis that will progress into septic shock. Now, thanks to point-of-care testing devices, we are able to measure BioADM in whole blood in less than twenty minutes, which will help the physician making faster and more adequate therapeutical decisions beside patient’s bed. The good news is that BioADM will also serve as a target for a monoclonal antibody that will counteract the vascular disfunction in septic shock. In conclusion, coupling BioADM with other biomarkers already routinely used such as procalcitonin and lactate we can immediately change patient’s management in Sepsis improving our decision making and patient outcome
Prevalence of Prehypertension and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Profiles among Adults in Peru: Findings from a Nationwide Population-Based Study

Prehypertension is a clinical condition that increases the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In South American countries, prehypertension affects almost one-third of the population. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between prehypertension and the main cardiometabolic risk factors according to the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III by sex in the Peruvian population. A total of 863 participants surveyed were included in the study. A total of 21.1% had prehypertension, 14.4% of whom were female, and 30.5% were male. Women belonging to the age group 50–59 years, having abdominal obesity and being a current smoker, were more likely to have prehypertension, while the likelihood of having prehypertension increased in men with abdominal obesity. Three out of 10 men and one out of 10 women in Peru have prehypertension. In women, being 50 to 59 years of age, having abdominal obesity, and being a current smoker, increased the probability of having prehypertension, whereas, in men, only abdominal obesity was found to be associated with prehypertension. Our findings will allow the development of prevention strategies focused on the appropriate diagnosis of prehypertension and cardiometabolic risk factors according to sex.
Niche modelling and comparative morphology untangle taxonomy of the Dysschema eurocilia clade (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) and reveal a relictual Pleistocene Arc distribution

Dysschema is the largest genus in Pericopina, with 69 species. The highly polymorphic species D. eurocilia (Cramer, 1777) was recently united in a clade with three other species: D. aorsa (Boisduval, 1870) stat. rev., D. bivittata (Walker, 1854) stat. rev. and D. molesta (Hering, 1925) stat. rev. Typological taxonomic treatment and lack of understanding of geographic distributions contributed to a proliferation of publications and disputed validity of names. We analysed the genital morphology and wing patterns for the four putative species in the ‘D. eurocilia clade’ and estimated the ecological niche using Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) to clarify taxonomic scenarios, delimit species and infer speciation mechanisms. We also used ENM to understand the distributions of phenotypes of D. eurocilia. The morphological data and ENM suggested an alternative hypothesis to previous taxonomic works on species within the ‘D. eurocilia clade’. The ENM also revealed distribution patterns supporting the northern Andes as a geographic barrier between Central and South America, while the interconnected Andean valleys might represent areas of sympatry. Additionally, the predicted distribution showed that certain phenotypes in D. eurocilia have distribution through the South American diagonal of open formations, which might represent a relictual distribution known as the Pleistocene Arc.
A Genotype-Phenotype Study of Multiple Hereditary Exostoses in Forty-Three Patients

Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal disorder with a variety of clinical manifestations. We aimed to evaluate the general clinical phenotypic severity of MHE using our own scoring system and analyzed the risk factors associated with severe clinical phenotypes. In this study, 43 patients from 30 families were analyzed. The mutations were identified by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genomic DNA or by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. According to a new scoring system devised by the authors, the severity of the phenotype was assessed as mild, moderate, or severe based on the deformity of each segment, number of exostoses, leg length discrepancy, and functional limitations. Of 43 patients from 30 families, 39 patients (90.7%) and 24 families (80%) presented with EXT1 or EXT2 mutations. Patients with EXT1 mutations had a significantly worse phenotype than that of patients with EXT2 mutations or without any detectable mutation. The mean clinical score of patients with an EXT1 mutation (5.76; range, 2.0–8.0; SD = 1.60) was higher than that of patients with an EXT2 mutation (4.06; range, 2.0–7.0; SD = 1.47) or of those without any detectable mutation (4.63; range, 3.0–6.0; SD = 1.44; p = 0.005). According to our classification system, more patients with EXT1 mutations had ‘severe disease’ than those with EXT2 mutations. Deformity scores were also higher in patients with EXT1 mutations (p = 0.018). In the multivariate analysis, the deformity score was found to be associated with the ‘severe’ class (p = 0.031). In conclusion, 90.7% of patients with MHE showed EXT mutations. Our scoring system showed reliable results. We suggest that the extent of deformity is an important factor in determining the phenotype of MHE and close monitoring for the development of severe disease is recommended in patients with high deformity scores.
Co-inventor networks and knowledge production in specialized and diversified cities

Why do some cities produce more knowledge than others? The standard explanation rests upon the social networks that connect economic actors, within and between cities, and that structure the quantity and the quality of interactions from which new ideas are generated. These interactions are increasingly understood as shaped by different forms of proximity that congeal, at different times in different places, in complex assemblies that give rise to different forms of competitive advantage. Recent research focusing on the U.S. urban system has shown that metropolitan regions characterized by more extensive local and non-local network ties outperform cities where economic agents are isolated. However, across most of this work, little attention is given to the character of the local knowledge base and whether that is related to the structure of co-inventor networks. In this paper, we show that the social networks linking co-inventors differ between cities that produce specialized knowledge and those that produce diversified knowledge. These ideas are extended in models of tie-formation that show inventors in specialized cities value spatial proximity less and cognitive proximity more than inventors in diversified cities as they partner with collaborators from other urban areas.
Transthyretin, Immature Platelet Fraction, and Mean Platelet Volume in Normotensive and Preeclampsia Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Transthyretin protein experiences misfolding and aggregation in preeclampsia due to placental ischemia and inflammation. Placental endothelial damage occurring in preeclampsia stimulates the production of larger young platelets in the bone marrow and can be reflected by an increase in the immature platelet fraction (IPF) and mean platelet volume (MPV). Since the change in these markers in preeclampsia remains controversial, this study was conducted to analyze the differences in levels of transthyretin, IPF, and MPV as easily accessible markers in normotensive and preeclampsia pregnancies.METHODS: Total subjects included in this study were 32 normotensive and 26 preeclampsia pregnant woman. The measurement of serum transthyretin level was using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Meanwhile, IPF and MPV levels were measured by using a hematology analyzer with flowcytometry method. Data was statistically analyzed using unpaired T-test and Mann-Whitney, with significancy of p<0.05. RESULTS: Median value of transthyretin in normotensive and preeclampsia pregnancy were 11 (6-30) mg/dL and 9 (5-18) mg/dL. The mean value of IPF in normotensive and preeclampsia pregnancy were 4.56±2.19% and 6.33±2.99%. Mean value of MPV in normotensive and preeclampsia pregnancy were 10.41±0.76 fL and 11.32±1.2 fL. There were significant differences in levels of transthyretin, IPF, and MPV between normotensive and preeclampsia pregnancies (p=0.008, p=0.017, and p=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in transthyretin levels, IPF, and MPV values in normotensive and preeclampsia pregnancies. Therefore, serum transthyretin, IPF, and MPV can be developed as affordable parameters for the diagnosis of preeclampsia.KEYWORDS: preeclampsia, transthyretin, IPF, MPV
Wage variations and commuting distance

We estimate the causal impact of wage variations on commuting distance of workers. We test whether higher wages across years lead workers to live further away from their working place. We use employer–employee data for the French Ile-de-France region (surrounding Paris), from 2003 to 2008, and we deal with the endogenous relation between income and commuting using an instrumental variable strategy. We estimate that increases in wages coming from exogenous exposure to trade activities lead workers to increase their commuting distance and to settle closer to the city of Paris historical center. Our results cast novel insights upon the causal mechanisms from wage to spatial allocation of workers.