Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive balancing of exploitation with exploration to improve protein structure prediction

The most significant impediment for protein structure prediction is the inadequacy of conformation space search. Conformation space is too large and the energy landscape too rugged for existing search methods to consistently find near-optimal minima. Conformation space search methods thus have to focus exploration on a small fraction of the search space. The ability to choose appropriate regions, i.e. regions that are highly likely to contain the native state, critically impacts the effectiveness of search. To make the choice of where to explore requires information, with higher quality information resulting in better choices. Most current search methods are designed to work in as many domains as possible, which leads to less accurate information because of the need for generality. However, most domains provide unique, and accurate information. To best utilize domain specific information search needs to be customized for each domain. The first contribution of this thesis customizes search for protein structure prediction, resulting in significantly more accurate protein structure predictions. Unless information is perfect, mistakes will be made, and search will focus on regions that do not contain the native state. How search recovers from mistakes is critical to its effectiveness. To recover from mistakes, this thesis introduces the concept of adaptive balancing of exploitation with exploration. Adaptive balancing of exploitation with exploration allows search to use information only to the extent to which it guides exploration toward the native state. Existing methods of protein structure prediction rely on information from known proteins. Currently, this information is from either full-length proteins that share similar sequences, and hence have similar structures (homologs), or from short protein fragments. Homologs and fragments represent two extremes on the spectrum of information from known proteins. Significant additional information can be found between these extremes. However, current protein structure prediction methods are unable to use information between fragments and homologs because it is difficult to identify the correct information from the enormous amount of incorrect information. This thesis makes it possible to use information between homologs and fragments by adaptively balancing exploitation with exploration in response to an estimate of template protein quality. My results indicate that integrating the information between homologs and fragments significantly improves protein structure prediction accuracy, resulting in several proteins predicted with <1 angstrom RMSD resolution.
Broadband and flat parametric gain with a single low-power pump in a multi-section fiber arrangement

We have theoretically investigated a new fibre optical parametric amplifier (OPA) architecture that provides a nearly flat gain over a 100 nm bandwidth without any gain-equalization filter. It consists in a multi-section in-line dispersion-tailored NLF arrangement and a single low-power pump which meets the current telecommunications requirements. Recent experiments haw shown that this kind of OPA's would be potentially useful for telecommunications applications and the results presented here predict interesting enhanced performances.
General electrothermal semiconductor device simulation

Accurate modeling of modern silicon power and VLSI devices requires increasingly a self-consistent treatment of electrothermal effects. Two time frames are important when dealing with non-isothermal effects in the operation of semiconductor devices. In steady-state, a rise in lattice temperature due to self-heating can alter physical properties in the bulk and/or channel of the device. On short time scales, local hot spots may produce heat flow and and electrical current due to high temperature gradients. Extreme local heating can lead to local device breakdown, which can result in device failure, especially over repeated on-off cycles. A thermodynamically rigorous electrothermal model, the Thermo¬ dynamic model, is applied to a variety of examples where electrother¬ mal effects such as self-heating and the Seebeck effect largely deter¬ mine device characteristics. The electrothermal simulation capability, built into the simulator SimuJ, operates in combination with Simul's mixed-mode, multi-device features to allow general circuit and device configurations using general electrical and thermal boundary conditions. For the first time, steady-state and transient electrothermal effects of realistic high-voltage and high-current industrial device applications in¬ cluding compact-model circuit elements and multiple devices in ID, 2D, and 3D with general thermal boundary conditions can be simulated with one simulation program.
Effect of Irrigation Management on Grain Filling Rate, Grain Filling Duration and Leaf Relative Water Content on Three Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars

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Operability and Efficiency Performance of Ultra-Compact, High Gravity (g) Combustor Concepts (Postprint)

Abstract : This paper presents a parametric design study of the Ultra-Compact Combustor (UCC), a novel design based on trapped-vortex combustor (TVC) work that uses high swirl in a circumferential cavity to enhance reaction rates via high cavity g-loading on the order of 3000 g's. Increase in reaction rates translates to a reduced combustor volume. Three combustor geometric features were varied during experiments which included (1) high-g cavity flame-holding method, (2) high-g cavity to main airflow transport method, and (3) fuel injection method. Experimental results are presented for these combustor configurations and results have shown promise for advanced engine applications. Lean blowout fuel-air ratio limits at 25-50% the value of current systems were demonstrated. Combustion efficiency was measured over a wide range of UCC operating conditions. This data begins to build the design space required for future engine designs that may use these novel, compact, high-g combustion systems.
The Decision-Making Analysis on End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling and Remanufacturing under Extended Producer Responsibility Policy

This research develops a dual-cycle ELV recycling and remanufacturing system to better understand and improve the efficiency of the ELV recycling and remanufacturing businesses. For the flawless operation of this system, the researchers employed evolutionary game theory to establish a game model between original vehicle manufacturers (OVMs) and third-party recyclers with the government involved. This research presents evolutionary stable strategies (ESS) that could promote an ELV recycling and remanufacturing system. Results show that OVMs’ expected profit difference between choosing and not choosing authorization is crucial in their ESS. The licensing fee plays a part of OVMs’ expected profit difference. Based on the results, optimal ESS could be achieved when the OVMs’ expected profit difference between choosing authorization and not choosing authorization and the third-party recyclers’ profit when paying the licensing fee are both positive. Then, the two groups’ involvement in dual-cycle ELV recycling and the remanufacturing system can be ensured. This research implicates the government to devise appropriate reward and punishment strategy to encourage OVMs and third-party recyclers to collaborate for efficient recycling and remanufacturing systems. Particularly, the government is suggested to impose strict restrictions on OVMs to carry ELV recycling and provide support to promote recycling quantity standards. Hence, the ELV recycling and remanufacturing system would be strengthened, thus improving waste management which is crucial for both environmental and resource efficiency.
EVALUATION OF 16-YEARS AGE LIMIT FOR DRIVER TRAINING

VTI has performed an evaluation of lowering the age limit for practising to 16 years. The evaluation includes several substudies such as analysing how the new system is used and what effects it has on attitudes, driving behaviour and accident involvement. The change was introduced in September 1993 and the effects during the first year after licensing have been analysed. The main idea behind the lowered age limit was to enable the learner drivers to practice more and thus to increase their experience behind the wheel before they are left alone as drivers. The expectation was that this experience would also lead to a reduction in accident involvement. The results show that approximately 45-50% of the population in this age group have received a learner permit at an age younger than 17.5 years which was the limit in the old system. To some extent the group which makes use of the lowered age limit is special. The results show that 5-10% are from a better social background. The learner drivers who start earlier increase their hours of practising by 2.5 to 3 times to 118 hours. This is to be compared with an average of 47 hours in the old system and 41 among those in the new system who are not making use of the lowered age limit. The youngest (16-17.5 years) were not involved in more accidents during practising than the older ones (17.5-18 years), calculated as accidents per driver or as accidents per hour of practising. Those who start practising earlier have 40% lower accident risk (accidents per kilometre) after licensing compared with the control groups. Part of this difference is due to social differences but a reduction of 35% is evaluated as an effect of the lowered age limit and increased experience. (A). This report has also been published in Swedish. (Utvaerdering av 16-aarsgraens foer oevningskoerning. Delrapport 1. VTI rapport 418).
Rhythmical Phenomena in Dermal Perfusion - Proved Assesment Strategies and new Discoveries

The phenomena of rhythm fluctuation of arterial blood pressure were discovered already in the first continuous recordings in the 18th century. However the formation of such rhythms hasn’t been explained until now. This work presents two concepts which could aid in bringing new insights into the understanding of these rhythms. One development is a multisensor system capable to acquire multiple PPG channels, ECG and additionally breathing signals to correlate local and central driven oscillations. The second new development is Photoplethysmography Imaging which allows contactless measurements of cutaneous perfusion with spatial resolution. Together with the necessary mathematical analysis tools like the Wavelet Transform a sound basis for assessment and evaluation of rhythm fluctuations in human hemodynamics is provided. Using the presented framework new, previously unreported phenomena of distributed blood volume movements in dermal perfusion could be observed.
Assessment of maximal oxygen uptake in runners: new concepts on an old theme

This thesis aimed to establish why the incidence of a V02-plateau is typically high (>80%) for a discontinuous test but not for a continuous test, how treadmill grade influences V02peak and the incidence of a V02-plateau for a speed incremented test, and whether it is possible to develop a continuous protocol for which the incidence of a plateau in the V02-running speed relationship is >80%. Study 1 was a large study that addressed several issues. Each subject (n = 10) completed a discontinuous test (DCT) in which running speed was increased every 3 min, a continuous test in which the speed was increased every 3 min (CT), a ramp test in which the speed was increased every 5 s (5%RT60), and a run to exhaustion at a.speed calculated to elicit 105% V02 peak (105%T). For each test, the treadmill grade was set at 5%, and the sampling period was set at 60 s. Each subject also completed 2 further tests: a ramp test (5% grade) for which the sampling period was 30 s (5%RT30); and a ramp test (60 s samples) for which the treadmill grade was set at 0% (O%RT). The peak V02 (mean ± SD) was higher for the 5%RT60 than for the DCT (59.9 ± 7.9 vs. 57.8 ± 8.1 ml.1 kg·.1 min; p 90% of subjects. However, V02max, was higher for the 5%T (64.0 ± 4.7 ml.kg·1.min·1) than for the O%T (62.6 ± 4.6 rnl.kg·1.min·1), and higher still for the lOT (65.1 ± 4.3 ml.kg·1min·1) (p < 0.05). It was concluded that whilst an upper limit for V02 is typically reached when trained runners perform a treadmill ramp test, the V02 at which this limit is reached depends on the conditions under which the test is performed.
Demand-Driven Traffic Assignment Problem Based on Travel Time Reliability

A novel user equilibrium traffic assignment model based on travel time reliability is presented in view of day-to-day demand fluctuation. Because of daily demand variations, path travel times are not constants, and so they can be viewed as random variables. Assuming that travelers are able to learn the variation of path travel time from experience, a demand-driven user equilibrium principle based on travel time reliability is proposed to characterize travelers’ path choice behavior under uncertainty in travel times caused by demand variation. This principle can be formulated as a variational inequality (VI) problem in terms of path flows. The existence of at least one solution for the VI problem, for which a heuristic solution algorithm is adopted, is rigorously proved. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the applications of the proposed model and the solution algorithm.
FINANCIAL LEVERAGE AND LIQUIDITY ON GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND STOCK RETURN

Investor needed the information about financial performance in order to predict the price and return of stock. This study aims to find out the effect of financial leverage and liquidity on Good Corporate Governance (GCG) and return of stock in the manufacture companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2013-2017. The method of descriptive and verifiative are used in this study by using 94 samples determined by purposive sampling technique. A secondary data is used and analyzed by using panel data regression model and moderated regression analysis. The result showed that simultenously, financial leverage and liquidity effected negatively and significantly to the return of stock. Partially, leverage effected negatively and significantly, as well as liquidity but insignificantly. The GCG is able to moderated a simultaneous effect of financial leverage and liquidity on return of stock to be positive, but insiginificatn. However, GCG effected positively and significantly.
Greatest accuracy credibility with dynamic heterogeneity: the Harvey-Fernandes model

This paper proposes a generalization of the merit rating system described in Dionne & Vanasse (1989,1992). The model takes into account explanatory variables as well as possible modiﬁcations in the policyholders unobservable risk characteristics. It is based on the analysis of time series for count observations proposed by Harvey & Fernandes (1989). Numerical results obtained with a Spanish panel databasis for motor insurance illustrate the approach described in this paper.
Identifying factors that promote consumer behaviours causing expired domestic food waste

Many commentators argue that domestic food waste is strongly influenced by consumer behaviours. This article reports on a study using mixed-methods to identify key factors responsible for promoting consumer behaviours that lead to domestic food waste through the lens of the Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) theory. Based on the study’s findings, three factors are proposed that cause behaviours that lead to food waste: supply knowledge – does a consumer know what food they have available; location knowledge – does a consumer know where to locate food items, and; food literacy – to what degree do past experience and acquired knowledge impact on a consumer’s food consumption and wastage practices. We analyse the study’s findings in light of a review of literature about consumer food wastage behaviours and in turn, present new insights into consumer behaviour, food waste, and the use of technology to reduce food waste.
Consumers’ Perception, Attitudes and Intention to Purchase Celebrity Endorsed Food and Beverage Products in Kuala Lumpur

Nowadays, consumers are well educated, diverse and technological-savvy thus it is a challenge to marketers to attract consumers’ attention. Celebrity endorsement has been used to build credibility of the product, make the brand stand out, and open up new markets. Despite that, it is costly and during endorsement period, celebrity image could shine or tarnish the brand of the product. Thus, the study primarily investigates how consumers’ perception and attitudes towards celebrity endorsement influence their purchase intention of celebrityendorsed food and beverage products in Kuala Lumpur. Survey by mean of self-administered questionnaire through purposive sampling was conducted among 120 respondents, in selected area in Kuala Lumpur. The data collected were then analysed to obtain descriptive statistic, correlation, and multiple linear regression. Purchase intention of celebrity-endorsed food and beverage products was found to be influenced by consumers’ perception and attitudes. The finding indicated that positive perception and attitudes of consumers towards food products with endorsement could encourage repurchases. Food manufacturing companies could consider having celebrity endorsements for their products.
The consequences of the productive use of travel time: revisiting the goods leisure tradeoff in the era of pervasive ICT

The valuation of travel time savings plays a fundamental role on transport modelling and appraisal. The theoretical foundation for placing a value on travel time savings rests on models of time allocation. Although many alternative time allocation models exist, for many years, this area of theoretical debate was regarded as relatively uncontroversial, with several well-established theories providing a justification for conventional demand modelling practices. In recent years however, the adequacy of these frameworks has begun to be questioned. For example, a number of authors have reported both qualitative and quantitative results which they interpret as indicating that in certain circumstances there can be a positive utility associated with increasing travel time. Other authors have noted that developments in ICT have blurred the classical distinction between activities and travel, enabling some types of activities to be conducted during the course of travel. In the light of these developments, this paper argues that there is an urgent need to revisit some of the fundamental assumptions underlying classical time allocation models. In particular, we argue that all existing models share a critical weakness in that they assume that a given quantum of time can be used for one and only one activity (or for travel). Drawing on evidence from time use surveys from a number of contexts, we argue that this is a highly unrealistic and limiting assumption, especially in an era of pervasive ICT enabled activities. We argue that failure to explicitly accommodate this type of simultaneous activity engagement underlies a number of the apparently anomalous results recently reported in the literature. Building on this conceptual position, the paper presents a new framework for modelling time allocation which explicitly accommodates multiple simultaneous activities. This framework is based on an extension of the Goods-Leisure framework of Train and McFadden and the more recent work of Jara-Dias and colleagues (itself drawing on ideas from the earlier work of Evans and De Serpa). We demonstrate how this framework generalises earlier work and provides new insights into the impact of simultaneous activities on the valuation of travel time savings. As an exercise in the application of this framework, we examine the consequences for the estimation of the value of travel time savings of accommodating various degrees of productive use of time spent travelling, and the consequences of mis-specifying this productivity. This is done by means of a simulation study in which the extended Goods-Leisure framework is used to generate synthetic choice data which are then modelled within a random utility framework using various specifications that omit or mis-specify the impact of the productive use of travel time. We quantify the effect of varying degrees and types of productivity mis-specification on the valuation of travel time savings. The paper discusses the implications of these results for demand modelling and project appraisal.
Using A Genre-Based Approach to Improve the English Writing Competence of VIIIA Students of SMPN 3 Metro, Lampung in the Academic Year 2011/2012

This research is an implementation of a genre-based approach in learning writing. The implementation of the genre-based approach is aimed to improve the writing competence of VIIIA students of SMPN 3 Metro, Lampung. This research is a collaborative classroom action research, and the subject is VIIIA students of SMPN 3 Metro–Lampung in the academic year 2011/2012 and English teacher who teaches the eight grade of SMPN 3 Metro Lampung. The method of Kemmis & McTaggart was used in this research, consisting four steps: (1) planning, which prepared components of the cycle in genre-based approach including building knowledge of the field, modeling of text, joint construction of text, and independent construction of text; (2) action, which was the implementation of each cycle in the genre-based approach; (3) observation, observing which implemented the genre-based approach; and (4) reflection, which was a discussion between the researcher and collaborator about the findings in the observation and action phases. The research instruments were students observation guide, field note guide, and writing assessment guide. The data were qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative data were obtained from the results of classroom observation and field notes, and the quantitative data were the students’ pretest scores, scores in the independent construction of text in each cycle, and posttest scores. The reliability of the data was obtained by using the triangulation technique which combined the result of the observation, field note, and the result of the students’ writing. The result of the research shows that the improvement was achieved in every cycle. At the building knowledge of the field phase, the students competence in expressing vocabulary improved, at modeling of text phase, the students were able to understand the teachers’ explanation about genre, at the joint construction of text phase, the students were able to interact with their peers, and at the independent construction of text phase, the students were able to compose a text without the teacher’s guide and friends’ help. The result of the improvement can be seen from the comparation of the pretest result, each cycle result, and posttest result. The mean score of the students pretest result is 55.05, the result of the first cycle is 70.08, and the second cycle is 74.63, while the posttest result is 76.1. From those results, it can be concluded that the genre-based approach can improve the students’ writing competence.