Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SNPP VIIRS reflective solar bands on-orbit calibration seven-year update: extension and improvements

The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) has been on-orbit for more than seven years. VIIRS has 22 spectral bands, among which fourteen are reflective solar bands (RSB) covering a spectral range from 0.410 to 2.25 μm. The SNPP VIIRS RSB have performed very well since launch. The radiometric calibration for the RSB has also reached a mature stage after almost seven years since its launch. Numerous improvements have been made in the standard RSB calibration methodology. Additionally, a hybrid calibration method, which takes the advantages of both solar diffuser calibration and lunar calibration and avoids the drawbacks of the two methods, successfully finalizes the highly accurate calibration for VIIRS RSB. The successfully calibrated RSB data record significantly improves ocean color products, whose stringent requirements are especially sensitive to the calibration accuracy, and helps the ocean color products to reach maturity and high quality. It has also greatly improved the accuracy and quality of other environmental data records (EDR) and high level science products. Nevertheless, there are still many challenging issues to be investigated for further improvements of the VIIRS sensor data records (SDR). In this presentation, the robust results of the RSB calibrations and instrument performance are presented and updated. Challenging issues and further improvements in the RSB calibration will also be addressed.
NOAA-20 VIIRS reflective solar bands on-orbit calibration

The NOAA-20 Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) has been in orbit for more than one and a half years. VIIRS has 22 bands, among which 14 are reflective solar bands (RSBs) covering a spectral range from 0.410 to 2.250 μm. The RSBs are calibrated on-orbit using an onboard solar diffuser (SD), whose on-orbit degradation is tracked by an onboard SD stability monitor (SDSM). NOAA-20 VIIRS is also scheduled to view the Moon approximately monthly and the lunar observations are used to track the RSB on-orbit changes as well. Both SD and lunar calibration results for the RSBs are shown and it is demonstrated that the two sets of the calibration coefficients diverge with time, especially for short wavelength bands. The divergence is due to the nonuniformity of the SD degradation, a phenomenon observed in SNPP VIIRS and the two MODIS instruments. Because of this divergence, a hybrid method, which properly combines the SD and lunar calibration results, need to be applied to generate the RSB calibration coefficients look-up tables (LUTs) as has been done for SNPP VIIR RSBs. The challenging issues of the RSB calibration using the SD/SDSM and the Moon are also addressed and discussed.
A Comparison of Zooplankton Diel Vertical Distribution during Transparent and Turbid Conditions in a Natural Southern Appalachian Montane Lake

Abstract According to the transparency-regulator hypothesis (TRH), water transparency is the main driver of zooplankton diel vertical migration (DVM) because it influences ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure and visual predation, which vary greatly over a diel period. I tested the TRH by examining zooplankton DVM and Secchi depth over 2 summers in Mountain Lake, VA, a unique natural lake where transparency and water level fluctuate substantially. Daytime mean depth and Secchi depth were positively correlated for Daphnia parvula, but this was not the case for other taxa. Zooplankton exhibited diurnal deficits (DDs; higher night densities compared to day), indicating that DVM does not account for all diel movement. DDs are sometimes attributed to light-mediated sampler avoidance or diel horizontal migration (DHM), but DDs did not increase with Secchi depth and DDs in littoral zones do not indicate DHM. Overall, these results suggest that factors other than transparency—perhaps predator densities—more strongly influence DVM in Mountain Lake.
Butterfly Fauna and Phenology in a Dry Forest of the Motagua Valley, Guatemala

ABSTRACT. Field surveys of butteflies were conducted during 14 months in a Guatemalan dry forest, which yielded 103 species in 79 genera from 18 subfamilies of six families, with Cyanophrys miserabilis (Clench, 1946) (Lycaenidae: Theclinae) as a new country record. A seasonal pattern was shown in which species richness reached a peak at the end of the rainy season and declined greatly in the dry season. Species composition also differed significantly between the two seasons. This is the first quantitative study on the butterfly phenology of a Guatemalan dry forest, which will provide a scientific baseline for future entomological and ecological research and for biodiversity conservation in these forests
Emergence Timing of Leatherback Hatchlings (Dermochelys coriacea) at Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge, 2010–2014

Abstract. Leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are listed as Vulnerable globally by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. To preserve this species, we must protect them during several life stages, including protecting hatchlings emerging from nests. We studied the timing of emergence of leatherback hatchlings at Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge, an area created for the protection of this species. We surveyed 524 nests in 2010–2014 and evaluated the time that hatchlings began emerging from the surface of the sand, the time that the last hatchling in the group finished emerging from the sand, the incubation duration of each nest (number of days between deposition and first emergence), and the number of hatchlings in the initial pulse of emergence. In situ clutches (those occurring naturally and not manipulated by location) had an incubation period of 61.4 ± 21.1 d (mean ± SD; n = 332) and emerged from 1825 to 1906 hrs. The incubation duration varied significantly from relocated clutches (those that had been moved at deposition because of erosion threats), had an incubation period of 60.0 ± 2.7 days (n = 192), and emerged from 1827 to 1903 hrs (on average, for all years combined; p < 0.0001). These nests yielded 36.6 ± 21.1 first-emergence hatchlings from in situ clutches, which was different from relocated clutches (14.9 ± 13.6 first-emergence; p < 0.0001). Other studies have found that hard-shelled sea turtles all begin emerging once the sun sets and continue emerging throughout the night. In contrast, we found that leatherback sea turtle hatchlings emerge earlier in the evening, at least at Sandy Point. During the seasons sampled, emergence often began before sunset (between 1834 and 1859 hrs) and hatchlings usually did not continue to emerge through the night. To allocate resources most effectively, beach management programs at Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge should be maximized between 1700 and 2000 hrs, the period when most hatchlings are emerging and require the most protection from predators. This work provides important information about the timing of leatherback emergence and may be applicable to other leatherback nesting beaches where predation may be a problem. These findings can help ensure that nest protection programs maintain efficiency and protect hatchlings during their vulnerable crawl to the sea.
Quality of sleep in a sample of Egyptian medical students

BackgroundIn the last few years, there has been a growing attention to sleep and related disorders. Numerous studies conducted within the past decade have analyzed the deleterious effects of poor sleep quality on university students and medical staff in various specialties, but only few studies have been conducted in the Middle East. AimThe aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of poor sleep quality among (a sample of) Egyptian medical students. Participants and methodsThis cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, observational study was conducted during the period from April to June 2015 on 1182 undergraduate medical students from Assiut and Mansoura Universities in Egypt.The data were gathered using a sociodemographic questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and were analyzed using the SPSS software. ResultsMean PSQI score was 6.01 (SD±2.73). According to the PSQI, 46.7% of the subjects had good sleep quality and 53.3% had poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was mostly prevalent among those in the early years of medical education, caffeine consumers, cigarette smokers, those with fairly bad and very bad subjective sleep quality, those with sleep latency above 30 min, sleep duration less than 7 h, fairly bad and very bad daytime functioning, those taking sleep medications, and those with sleep disturbance, and sleep efficiency below 85%. ConclusionPoor sleep quality is highly prevalent among medical students in Egypt.
Responsiveness: Detecting Duplicate Questions in Educational Forums

Student forums are important for student engagement and learning in university courses but require high staﬀ resources to moderate and answer questions. In introductory courses, the content can remain almost unchanged each year, so the questions asked in the course forums do not see a lot of variety over diﬀerent iterations, which provides an opportunity for automation. This paper compiles a dataset of forum threads and meta-information of the participants from the Web Design and Development course at the Australian National University for the purposes of duplicate question detection in educational forums. A state of the art neural network model is trained on the dataset to measure its usefulness. An accuracy of 91.8% is achieved, which is on par with what is achieved on other datasets with similar features. A high performing neural network for this dataset could potentially be used to create a live system that detects and reuses answers for duplicate questions on course forums.
How Paternalistic Leadership Influences IT Security Policy Compliance: The Mediating Role of the Social Bond

Leadership plays an important role in changing employees’ behavior. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between paternalistic leadership and employees’ information security policy (ISP) compliance. We adopt social bond theory as the theoretical lens to explain the effect of paternalistic leadership on ISP compliance through social bond formation. We developed a research model and tested it using data comprising 314 dyads of employees and their supervisors in organizations. The results show that all three dimensions of paternalistic leadership— benevolence, morality, and authoritarianism—positively influence employee ISP compliance. The social bond partially mediates the effects of benevolence and morality on compliance intention. Overall, this paper reveals the positive effect of paternalistic leadership in improving ISP compliance and the mediating role of the social bond in explaining the impact of paternalistic leadership on ISP compliance. In addition, the mediation effect of the social bond suggests that the non-IT related routine behavior of leaders can also affect employee ISP compliance through facilitating the formation of social bonds with and among employees.
Morphosyntactic vs. morphosemantic functions of Indonesian –kan

Levin and Rappaport Hovav (1998) distinguish two basic types of morphological operations on verbs: those that modify the Lexical Conceptual Structure (LCS, the semantic representation) vs. those that alter the syntactic expression of arguments without changing the semantic representation. The Locative alternation is an example of the first type; passive and applicative are examples of the second type. Levin and Rappaport Hovav state that the specific affixes used for operations of the first type are frequently the same as those used to mark aspectual distinctions, but are always different from the affixes used for operations of the second type. They know of no language in which the same affix is used to mark alterations to LCS in some forms and changes in the syntactic expression of arguments in other forms. In this paper I will present evidence showing that the Indonesian suffix -kan functions in both of these ways. This suffix has been the topic of much discussion over the past 40 years, and a source of considerable confusion. I will argue that in order to understand the various functions of the suffix we must recognize that it has two very different modes of operation in the grammar. These two modes can be identified by the syntactic (monotransitive vs. ditransitive) and semantic (displaced theme vs. benefactive) patterns that they create. Adopting the terminology of Ackerman (1992) and Sadler and Spencer (1998), I refer to operations that modify LCS as MORPHOSEMANTIC, and to operations that modify only the syntactic expression of arguments as MORPHOSYNTACTIC.1
Incidence of infective valve endocarditis as after antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines changed-there is a change.

Department of Cardiology, Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, ZNA Middelheim, Antwerpen, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Saint Antonius Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands Correspondence to: Floris S. van den Brink, MD. Department of Cardiology, Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Henri Dunantweg 2, Leeuwarden 8934 AD, The Netherlands. Email: floris.s. van.den. brink@gmail.com.
EMS-Net: A Deep Learning Method for Autodetecting Epileptic Magnetoencephalography Spikes

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by sudden and unpredictable epileptic seizures, which incurs significant negative impacts on patients’ physical, psychological and social health. A practical approach to assist with the clinical assessment and treatment planning for patients is to process magnetoencephalography (MEG) data to identify epileptogenic zones. As a widely accepted biomarker of epileptic foci, epileptic MEG spikes need to be precisely detected. Given that the visual inspection of spikes is time consuming, an automatic and efficient system with adequate accuracy for spike detection is valuable in clinical practice. However, current approaches for MEG spike autodetection are dependent on hand-engineered features. Here, we propose a novel multiview Epileptic MEG Spikes detection algorithm based on a deep learning Network (EMS-Net) to accurately and efficiently recognize the spike events from MEG raw data. The results of the leave-k-subject-out validation tests for multiple datasets (i.e., balanced and realistic datasets) showed that EMS-Net achieved state-of-the-art classification performance (i.e., accuracy: 91.82% – 99.89%; precision: 91.90% – 99.45%; sensitivity: 91.61% – 99.53%; specificity: 91.60% – 99.96%; f1 score: 91.70% – 99.48%; and area under the curve: 0.9688 – 0.9998).
Condensed tannins decreased the growth performance and impaired intestinal immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

This study was for the first time to investigate the effects of condensed tannins (CT) on intestinal immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp were fed six diets containing diﬀerent levels of CT (0, 10.00, 20.00, 30.00, 40.00 and 50.00 g/kg diet) for 70 days and then challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. The results showed that, compared with the control group, dietary CT (1) induced intestinal histopathological lesions and aggravated enteritis; (2) decreased the lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities, complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin M contents, and down-regulated the Hepcidin, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide(LEAP)-2A, LEAP-2B, Mucin2 and β-defensin-1 mRNA levels in the proximal intestine (PI), mid intestine (MI) and distal intestine (DI) (P < 0·05); (3) down-regulated the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2 (not in MI and DI), IL-4/13A (not IL-4/13B), IL-10 and IL-11 partly correlated with target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling; (4) up-regulated the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ2 (IFN-γ2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8 (not in PI), IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-15 and IL-17D partly related to nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling in the intestine of on-growing grass carp. Overall, the results indicated that CT could impair the intestinal immune function, and its potential regulation mechanisms were partly associated with TOR and NF-κB signalling pathways. Finally, based on the PWG and enteritis morbidity, the maximum allowable levels of CT for on-growing grass carp (232.22-890.11g) were estimated to be 18.6 and 17.4 g/kg diet, respectively.
The hunt for radiation biomarkers: current situation

Abstract Purpose: The possibility of a large-scale acute radiation exposure necessitates the development of new methods that could provide a rapid assessment of the doses received by individuals using high-throughput technologies. There is also a great interest in developing new biomarkers of dose exposure, which could be used in large molecular epidemiological studies in order to correlate estimated doses received and health effects. The goal of this review was to summarize current literature focused on biological dosimetry, namely radiation-responsive biomarkers. Methods: The studies involved in this review were thoroughly selected according to the determined criteria and PRISMA guidelines. Results: We described briefly recent advances in radiation genomics and metabolomics, giving particular emphasis to proteomic analysis. The majority of studies were performed on animal models (rats, mice, and non-human primates). They have provided much beneficial information, but the most relevant tests have been done on human (oncological) patients. By inspecting the radiaiton biodosimetry literate of the last 10 years, we identified a panel of candidate markers for each –omic approach involved. Conslusions: We reviewed different methodological approaches and various biological materials, which can be exploited for dose-effect prediction. The protein biomarkers from human plasma are ideal for this specific purpose. From a plethora of candidate markers, FDXR is a very promising transcriptomic candidate, and importantly this biomarker was also confirmed by some studies at protein level in humans.
Glucocorticoids counteract hypertrophic effects of myostatin inhibition in dystrophic muscle.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating genetic muscle disease resulting in progressive muscle degeneration and wasting. Glucocorticoids, specifically prednisone/prednisolone and deflazacort, are commonly used by DMD patients. Emerging DMD therapeutics include those targeting the muscle wasting factor, myostatin (Mstn). The aim of this study was to investigate how chronic glucocorticoid treatment impacts the efficacy of Mstn inhibition in the D2.mdx mouse model of DMD. We report that chronic treatment of dystrophic mice with prednisolone (Pred) causes significant muscle wasting, entailing both activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway and inhibition of muscle protein synthesis. Combining Pred with Mstn inhibition, using a modified Mstn propeptide (dnMstn), completely abrogates the muscle hypertrophic effects of Mstn inhibition independent of Mstn expression or SMAD3 activation. Transcriptomic analysis identified that combining Pred with dnMstn treatment affects gene expression profiles associated with inflammation, metabolism, and fibrosis. Additionally, we demonstrate that Pred-induced muscle atrophy is not prevented by Mstn ablation. Therefore, glucocorticoids interfere with potential muscle mass benefits associated with targeting Mstn, and the ramifications of glucocorticoid use should be a consideration during clinical trial design for DMD therapeutics. These results have significant implications for past and future Mstn inhibition trials in DMD.
Life as Experienced Within and Through the Body After the Age of 85 Years: A Metasynthesis of Primary Phenomenological Research

The body is central to the experience of aging. In this metasynthesis, the authors located, analyzed, and reconceptualized phenomenological research on how life is experienced within and through the body after 85 years. Sandelowski and Barroso’s metasynthesis method was employed. Seven databases were searched for primary phenomenological studies. After systematic screening and quality appraisal, 19 studies were included for review. Analysis was guided by Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s existential philosophy of embodiment. Findings were organized using Max van Manen’s reflective lifeworld existentials. Four ontological dimensions emerged, namely, being in a body (corporeality), being in time (temporality), being in place (spatiality), and being with others (relationality). Each dimension captures a distinct experiential dimension of this stage of the life course. The results suggest vast heterogeneity in the ontological experience of aging, supporting the view that diversity grows with age. The ability to adapt to multidimensional losses was identified as a source of resilience.
Cumulative Burden of Illness in Veterans With Tardive Dyskinesia and Serious Mental Disorders.

PURPOSE/BACKGROUND To inform cost-benefit decisions for veterans, the risk of tardive dyskinesia (TD) and its impact on comorbidities and outcomes were assessed. METHODS/PROCEDURES In a retrospective study, veterans with schizophrenia/schizoaffective, and bipolar and major depressive disorders receiving antipsychotics during the period October 1, 2014, to September 30, 2015, were identified. Tardive dyskinesia was determined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Correlates of TD were examined using χ or t tests. Odds ratios (ORs) and β parameters with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for categorical and continuous variables associated with TD were derived from a multivariate logistic and linear regression, respectively. FINDINGS/RESULTS Among 7985 veterans, 332 (4.2%) were diagnosed as having possible TD. The odds of having TD were higher for older veterans (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.03-1.05; P < 0.0001) and veterans with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.23-1.91; P < 0.0001) or diabetes (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.30-2.06; P < 0.0001). Veterans with TD received more antipsychotic prescriptions (mean ± SD, 18.4 ± 30.3 vs 13.3 ± 26.4; P = 0.003) and days of supply (233.9 ± 95.4 vs 211.4 ± 102.0; P < 0.0001). They were more likely to have received 2 or more antipsychotics (27.1% vs 19.7%, P = 0.0009) and benztropine (OR, 2.25: 95% CI 1.73-2.91; P < 0.0001). Veterans with TD had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score (β = 0.32; SE, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.14-0.49; P = 0.0003) and higher odds of any medical hospitalization (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.07-1.95; P = 0.001). IMPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of possible TD was associated with older age, schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, medical comorbidity, and hospitalization. Tardive dyskinesia may be a marker for patients at risk of adverse health care outcomes and diminished quality of life.
Decreased mitochondrial dynamics is associated with insulin resistance, metabolic rate, and fitness in African Americans.

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to assess mitochondrial pathways and dynamics to examine the potential mechanisms of lower insulin sensitivity, RMR, VO2max, and mitochondrial capacity in AAW. DESIGN To achieve this goal, we assessed several mitochondrial pathways in skeletal muscle using gene array technology and semi-quantitative protein analysis. RESULTS We report alterations in mitochondrial pathways associated with inner membrane small molecule transport genes, fusion-fission, and autophagy in lean AAW. These differences were associated with the lower insulin sensitivity, RMR and VO2max. CONCLUSIONS Together these data suggest that the metabolic racial disparity of insulin resistance, RMR, VO2max and mitochondrial capacity may be mediated by perturbations in mitochondrial pathways associated with membrane transport, fission-fusion, and autophagy. The mechanisms contributing to these differences remain unknown.