Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES USED BY THE ENGLISH TEACHER IN AVIATION CLASS

Problems in communication may happen not only with foreign language learners (EFL) learners but also with EFL teachers. Those problems happen wherefore the teachers inadequate of communicative competence. When teachers face difficulties in finishing their communication, and they initiate to use such gesture, it means they use communicative strategies. This study is aimed to find out the types of Communication Strategies (CSs) used by the English teacher during the teaching process at the Aviation class and to describe CSs which are dominantly used by the English teacher. By implementing Celce-Murcia’s taxonomy, the data was classified into five strategies and eleven sub-strategies. A qualitative research was used as the method in this study and the data was collected by doing observation and video recording the teacher in Aviation Course, Central Java. The result showed that five strategies were used by the English teacher included eleven sub-type strategies that appeared during teaching process. Based on the result, Filler (32,8%) was the highest number of strategies used by the teacher. Meanwhile, the least number of strategies used was retrieval (0,9%) and clarification request (0,9%). Thus, by conducting this study, the teacher was expected to use the best strategies to solve the communication problems during teaching and learning process.
From a better understanding of the drivers of populism to a new political agenda Working Papers

This paper explores how economic policies can tackle populism. Creating development perspectives for regions and individuals left behind in structural change is the main policy challenge derived from the related literature. While welfare policies are important, redistribution alone will not cure the dissatisfaction with globalization and technological change, that is one major reason for increasing populist support. It must be accompanied by labor market policies and regional policies that enable disadvantaged regions and individuals to participate in the successes of international economic development. Simultaneously, political communication has to adjust, reaching out to the supporters of populist parties and politicians.
WORKING PAPER Putting a price tag on air pollution: the social healthcare costs of air pollution in France

I estimate the causal eﬀects of air pollution on healthcare costs in France by combining administrative data on healthcare reimbursements with reanalysis data on air pollution concentrations and weather conditions. I adopt an instrumental variable approach where I exploit daily postcode-level variation in nitrogen dioxide, ground-level ozone and particulate matter concentrations induced by variation in wind speed. I explore eﬀect heterogeneity by patient and location characteristics and by medical speciality. This study presents evidence for substantial healthcare costs caused by exposure to pollution levels that are predominantly situated below current European limit values. The eﬀects are several orders of magnitude larger than those estimated in previous studies, suggesting that the healthcare costs of air pollution have been severely underestimated. I ﬁnd signiﬁcant heterogeneity of eﬀects by location and patient characteristics, indicating that air pollution reduction policies have the potential to reduce health inequalities. addition to cost-beneﬁt considerations, another argument for air pollution reduction is a concern for equity. The study provides evidence for signiﬁcant heterogeneity of eﬀects across patient characteristics and postcode areas, indicating that air pollution reduction policies have the potential to reduce health inequalities.
Visualization Literacy in the Age of Big Data: Vital Skills for Modern Media Consumption

—Access to information is increasing rapidly, and data visualizations are becoming increasingly common as a way to communicate summaries of large datasets, especially in media designed for the general public. Accompanying this rise in visualization is a need for visualization literacy. In this work we survey the current body of research on visualization literacy to find current research themes and guide future work. We found three themes of visualization literacy: fundamental, believability, and engagement. Believability and engagement are not traditionally discussed in visualization literacy research. We analyzed participant pools for visualization literacy user studies and found them to be lacking in diversity in gender and sex, age, education level, and recruitment country.
Exploring the relationship between temperature forecast errors and Earth system variables

Abstract. Accurate subseasonal weather forecasts, from 2 weeks up to a season, can help reduce costs and impacts related to weather and corresponding extremes. The quality of weather forecasts has improved considerably in recent decades as models represent more details of physical processes, and they benefit from assimilating comprehensive Earth observation data as well as increasing computing power. However, with ever-growing model complexity, it becomes increasingly difficult to pinpoint weaknesses in the forecast models' process representations which is key to improving forecast accuracy. In this study, we use a comprehensive set of observation-based ecological, hydrological, and meteorological variables to study their potential for explaining temperature forecast errors at the weekly timescale. For this purpose, we compute Spearman correlations between each considered variable and the forecast error obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) reforecasts at lead times of 1–6 weeks. This is done across the globe for the time period 2001–2017. The results show that temperature forecast errors globally are most strongly related with climate-related variables such as surface solar radiation and precipitation, which highlights the model's difficulties in accurately capturing the evolution of the climate-related variables during the forecasting period. At the same time, we find particular regions in which other variables are more strongly related to forecast errors. For instance, in central Europe, eastern North America and southeastern Asia, vegetation greenness and soil moisture are relevant, while in western South America and central North America, circulation-related variables such as surface pressure relate more strongly with forecast errors. Overall, the identified relationships between forecast errors and independent Earth observations reveal promising variables on which future forecasting system development could focus by specifically considering related process representations and data assimilation.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Respiratory Infection Rates

HCPs, first, second, and third infections were asymptomatic in 2 (18.2%), 4 (36.4%), and 5 (45.4%), respectively. One second infection required hospitalization; no HCPs endorsed immunosuppression. The mean time to second infection was 314 days (95% CI, 238 to 390 days), while the mean interval between the second and third infection was 110 days (95% CI, 81 to 183 days) (P1⁄4.008 for difference in means). This case series is subject to limitations. Following current public health guidance, postinfection testing to document polymerase chain reaction clearance was not routinely performed. However, persistence of polymerase chain reaction positivity longer than 90 days in immunocompetent individuals is unusual. Second, most third infections occurred during the omicron surge, and other variants may not display the same immune evasion to natural immunity. Third, the number of infections is too small to draw conclusions about the protective effect of prior infection or vaccination. Finally, samples were not available for genetic sequencing to confirm the variant(s) causing infection. This case series provides new evidence of the potential for multiple reinfections in immunocompetent individuals. We noted a shorter interval between the second and third infections compared with the interval between the first and second infections, recognizing that almost all third infections occurredwhile the omicron variant was the predominant circulating strain. Omicron is known to partially evade vaccine-mediated and natural immunity. Although infection and vaccination appear to impart short-term protection of a similar magnitude, vaccination may still
Personalizing or Reminding? How to Better Incentivize Savings among Underbanked Individuals

We use a randomized control trial to evaluate why text message (SMS) reminders may have worked in previous studies to incentivize savings. In a sample of underbanked Paraguayans, we replicate the previous ﬁndings that personalized SMS reminders have short-lived impact on savings targets and amounts, and that savings is mostly done through informal mechanisms. However, we ﬁnd that either receiving generic SMSs or personalized reminders on their own help little to encourage savings behavior (and sometimes even reduce it) and only their combination plays a positive role. Salience appears to be particularly detrimental for more sophisticated individuals. Personalization reduces savings for individuals who are shown to have not been able to save previously. Combining both salience and personalization appears to be key, particularly for individuals who are more ﬁnancially experienced, suggesting that simple SMS reminders alone are unlikely to be successful for this group.
TwoTorials: A Remote Cooperative Tutorial System for 3D Design Software

Step-by-step tutorials have emerged as a key means for learning complex software, but they are typically designed for individuals learning independently. In contrast, cooperative learning, where learners can help each other as they work, is a fundamental pedagogical technique with many established benefits. To extend these benefits to learning 3D-design software, this work investigates the design of remote cooperative software tutorial systems. We first conduct an observational study of pairs of participants working on 3D-design tutorials, which reveals a range of potential benefits, challenges, and strategies for cooperation. Our findings inform the design of TwoTorials , a cooperative step- by-step tutorial system that helps pairs of remote users establish shared 3D context, maintain awareness of each other’s activities, and coordinate their efforts. A user study reveals several benefits to this approach, including enhanced cooperation between learners, reduced effort and mental demand, increased awareness of peer activities, and higher subjective engagement with the tutorial.
Environmental fluctuations do not select for increased variation or population-based resistance in Escherichia coli

Little is known about the mechanisms that enable organisms to cope with unpredictable environments. To address this issue, we used replicate populations of Escherichia coli selected under complex, randomly changing environments. Under four novel stresses that had no known correlation with the selection environments, individual cells of the selected populations had significantly lower lag and greater yield compared to the controls. More importantly, there were no outliers in terms of growth, thus ruling out the evolution of population-based resistance. We also assayed the standing phenotypic variation of the selected populations, in terms of their growth on 94 different substrates. Contrary to expectations, there was no increase in the standing variation of the selected populations, nor was there any significant divergence from the ancestors. This suggested that the greater fitness in novel environments is brought about by selection at the level of the individuals, which restricts the suite of traits that can potentially evolve through this mechanism. Given that day-to-day climatic variability of the world is rising, these results have potential public health implications. Our results also underline the need for a very different kind of theoretical approach to study the effects of fluctuating environments.
Leveraging online advertising data for measuring the sustainable development goals: applications for gender gaps and SDG 5

In 2015, the United Nations Member States adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. At the heart of this are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which call for action by all countries through a global partnership. The need to better monitor progress towards the realization of the SDGs has led to a concurrent call for a data revolution, including the need to harness non-traditional, ‘big data’ sources. The need to consider new dat a streams, emerging from new technologies, is amplified by the fact that traditional data sources like surveys and censuses are resource-intensive, and lack geographical and temporal resolution, especially in low-and middle-income countries. Here we describe how a novel stream of ‘big data’ – a new data source: aggregate, anonymous online advertising audience estimates provided by companies such as Facebook, Google, LinkedIn, and others – can help fill existing data gaps and provide real-time estimates of SDG-relevant indicators and processes. We provide examples focusing on SDG 5, which seeks to promote gender equality and promote the empowerment of women and girls.
Estimating Tie Strength in Multi-Relation Online Social Networks

Web applications that feature online social networking functions have significantly influenced human social interactions. The availability of data sets on online social connections and user activities calls for innovative big-data analytic methods. This study proposes a model of tie strength in online social networks and an efficient estimation method that can be applied on observational data. The model explicitly leverages the multi-relation feature of online social connections and is capable of analyzing rich social-relational observations generated in online social networking activities to impute tie strength structures on observed social network connections. The proposed estimation method is efficient in processing multi-relation network observations allowing connection-level heterogeneity, which has been a critical challenge in the literature. We apply the proposed model on a data set collected from a major social networking website in China that supports two categories of online social connections. Our empirical analysis demonstrates the application of the proposed model and generates some interesting insights. Specifically, we find significant heterogeneity in tie strength both at the connection category level and the dyad level. “Friend” connections, relative to “follow” connections, represent stronger ties and have higher variation in tie strength. We also find evidence of negative tie strength such that users deliberately choose to behave differently from their online connections. Overall, the proposed model and estimation method can be adopted in similar settings to support social-network analytics and user profiling.
Control Chart Pattern Recognition Based on PSO and LS-SVM

For the sake of reducing the cost of process monitoring, least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) technique is introduced in this research to recognise the six typical patterns of control chart. The parameters of the LS-SVM pattern recogniser are optimised by particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm so as to improve the performance of LS-SVM pattern recogniser. Simulation results show that the optimised LS-SVM pattern recogniser can effectively recognise control chart patterns with high performance. The techniques introduced in this research can meet the requirements of process fault diagnosis under the condition of small sample size.
Teaching science in a meaningful way: striking a balance between 'opening up' and 'closing down' classroom talk

This article makes the case that teaching to support the meaningful learning of science must involve both dialogic ('opening up') and authoritative ('closing down') approaches. Attention is drawn to the underlying teaching skills involved in such teaching and this is illustrated by reference to a sequence of lessons on forces with 10-11 year-olds (year 6). Teaching science involves introducing pupils to the ways of talking and thinking of the scientific community. Take the case, for example, of teaching a group of key stage 3 pupils (11-14 year-olds) about the basic working of electric circuits (including the concepts of current, energy and resistance). How do we move from a situation where the pupils understand little or nothing about these ideas to one where they are able to talk and think about them for themselves? The intervening teaching sequence is likely to include various different activities, such as pupil practical work, a teacher demonstration, maybe use of a computer simulation, and so on. Whatever the activities used, however, a central feature of the lesson sequence must be the interactions, or talk, between teacher and pupils. It is through this talk that the scientific story is introduced. This may seem obvious! How else can we teach science apart from interacting with pupils? However, these interactions are all too often ignored or taken for granted in a teaching sequence. Particular approaches to teaching electricity are spoken of in terms of this activity or that, but rarely in terms of the ways in which the classroom talk is developed over a sequence of lessons, employing a range of different approaches. This article attempts to redress the balance a little by offering a report from an ongoing research project (Mercer, et al., 2006) focusing on the different ways in which teachers frame classroom talk in introducing new scientific ideas to pupils. In particular, we argue that, in order for meaningful learning to result from a sequence of science teaching, teaching must involve both dialogic ('opening up') and authoritative ('closing down') communicative approaches. The argument builds upon these theoretical ideas (Mortimer and Scott, 2003) and is illustrated with empirical data from a sequence of lessons on forces with 10-11 year-olds (year 6). First, the idea of the communicative approach is introduced, before turning to the analysis and discussion of the forces lessons. The communicative approach
Clenbuterol Food Poisoning from Snake Meat Consumption: An Outbreak of 13 Cases

We report a documented outbreak of clenbuterol food poisoning involving 13 patients who consumed snake meat in Shenzhen. They developed headache, palpitation, tachycardia, hypokalaemia and other symptoms within first 3 hours after exposure. They were initially treated with gastric lavage, fluid and potassium replacement and other supportive measures. All of them completely recovered after admission for up to 48 hours. Public health investigation identified clenbuterol compound in four victims' urine and the food source of snake meat they consumed. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2015;22:46-49)
Numerical study on the effect of geometrical parameters on the labyrinth–honeycomb seal performance

The advantages of labyrinth–honeycomb seals in turbomachines are widely increasing the usage of them. In this investigation, a numerical study has been done to simulate a labyrinth–honeycomb seal which is commonly used in rotor blade tip. Three-dimensional simulation has been performed by ANSYS-CFX. Simulation results show good agreements with experimental data. To have better understanding of flow behavior within the labyrinth–honeycomb seal, a set of sensitivity analyses on geometry parameters has been carried out. First, a smooth plate has been replaced with honeycomb and sensitivity analyses on geometry parameters have been performed. Then the sensitivity analyses of full model with honeycomb on the geometry parameters are done. The sensitivity analysis is done on: (i) gap between labyrinth and smooth plate or honeycomb, (ii) thickness of labyrinth fins, (iii) height of labyrinth fins, (iv) height of honeycomb cells (only for the honeycomb model), and (v) the effect of different fin thicknesses and their combinations. The results show that as the height of labyrinth rises, there would be much more vortices in the flow field and consequently the overall loss would increase and mass flow rate decreases. In addition, the width of labyrinth fins in small gaps has an important role on the mass flow rate. In small gaps, as the width of labyrinth fin decreases, the mass flow of smooth model decreases, but the mass flow of honeycomb model increases. Furthermore, in large gaps, the existence of smooth plate or honeycomb has minor influence on the flow field. In addition, larger cell depth of honeycombs leads to increasing loss. In this paper, a model with straightforward labyrinth is also investigated and the results have been compared with the stepped labyrinth.
A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL STUDY ON PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF APICULTURE FARMING IN JAMMU REGION

The present study entitled, “A multi-dimensional study on production and management system of apiculture farming in Jammu region” was conducted in four districts Jammu, Kathua, Rajouri and Ramban of the Jammu region. A sample of 210 beekeepers were selected by proportionate random sampling method from the selected four districts. The respondents were selected by proportionate random sampling method. The study was aimed at identifying socio-personal attributes of apicultural farmers, their knowledge , adoption of beekeeping practices, their training needs, constraints perceived by them and finally to evaluate the remunerativeness of the apiculture enterprise. The results of the study reveal that average experience of beekeepers in this profession was 7.91 years. As far as training of the respondents was concerned, fellow beekeepers were the main source of training (66.19%) for the respondents followed by State Agriculture Department (57.61%). The knowledge gap about different aspects of beekeeping enterprise was significant. The beekeepers required training mainly in the aspects of bee breeding, bee biology and bee enemies. Training needs about apiculture practices expressed by the beekeepers were about: honey testing, rearing of queen bees, method of wax production and control of insect pests. Out of the sampled respondents, beekeeping enterprise was started by some respondents in 1967. The rate of adoption formed S-shaped rate of adoption curve. Over time there has been increase in the bee colonies of the sampled beekeepers. With the increase in size of unit, the net income of bee keepers has increased. There was a significant difference in the net income of small and large beekeepers. The bee keeping generated an additional net income of 2.25 crores per annum for 210 sampled beekeepers and if extrapolated for 905 beekeepers in the selected districts of the division, more than 10.90 crores income is generated per annum. The mean outputinput ratio of beekeeping was 9.04. The major constraints faced by the beekeepers include high cost of equipment (92.38%), disease and honey bee enemies (93.33%), lack of state government support (82.85%), public disputes due to bee sting (83.33%) and lack of honey processing unit (68.57%).