Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal content of heavy metals in the “soil–feed–milk–manure” system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan

Abstract Background and Aim: The quality of food, especially animal-based food, is crucial for human health. However, the quality of milk and other animal products has become an acute cause for concern in Kazakhstan. Technogenic dispersion of heavy metals (HMs) causes adverse effects on living organisms and creates unfavorable conditions for the existence of humans, animals, and plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of several HMs in samples of soil, horse feed (hay, mixed feed, and bran), mare’s milk, and manure to assess bioaccumulation and possible adverse effects on the bodies of horses. An additional purpose was to identify areas with acceptable conditions for obtaining environmentally safe horse breeding products in the agricultural zones of the Almaty region, Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: Samples were obtained from two farms in the Almaty region in 2020 (spring, summer, and autumn). In total, 72 soil samples were analyzed, which were taken from the upper humus horizon to the depth of the arable layer. Eighty-six samples were taken from the feed of horses. Green feed was represented by perennial and annual grasses (alsike clover, Medicago sativa, sweet yellow clover, as well as pea and oat mix). Barley and wheat bran stored in the warehouses of the farm were sampled for the research as feed supplements. The mixed feed comprised components such as maize and sunflower. In addition, 46 samples of mare’s milk and 28 samples of horse manure were collected. The HM analysis was performed in the laboratory of the Kazakh-Japanese Innovation Center. The residual amounts of HMs were determined using an absorption spectrometer with a voltammetric analyzer. The content of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) in all the studied samples of soil, feed, mare’s milk, and manure did not exceed the threshold limit values (TLVs), suggesting that the intake of these toxic elements into the human body with food was low. Results: The average Cd concentration was in the range of 0.29-0.31 mg/kg in soil samples and in the range of 0.20-0.27 mg/kg in feed samples. In milk, the Cd concentration varied from 0.01 to 0.02 mg/L and was lower in summer and higher in fall. The total average Cd content in horse manure was 0.1844 mg/kg. The concentration of Pb in soil samples ranged from 1.09 to 1.30 mg/kg with the lowest value in spring and the highest in fall. In the feed, the concentration of Pb varied from 0.14 to 0.76 mg/kg and in milk from 0.03 to 0.15 mg/L. The average concentrations of Hg and As in soil samples averaged 0.022 and 0.019 mg/kg, respectively, and were within the TLVs. Conclusion: In the study areas, the calculated transition rates in the soil–feed–milk–manure system revealed that the greatest transition of HMs was observed for Pb and Cd, and a smaller migration was observed for Hg and As. The tendency of accumulation of trace elements continued in the feed.
Frequency Domain Sensors and Frequency Measurement Techniques

Getting fast and accurate information is of paramount importance for most monitoring, data acquisition, and monitoring systems; there are sensors that transform their input into a frequency domain output, this kind of sensors are known as Frequency Domain Sensors (FDS); when the value of the output frequency is measured in a FDS, the value of the sensor’s input (measurand) can be calculated, that is why the frequency measurement in the output of FDS is critical for using such sensors. In this work different kinds of resonant sensors (FDS) are reviewed; also frequency measurement techniques are explored; finally a novel frequency measurement method is proposed and analyzed for resolution improvement in frequency domain sensors.
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON YIELD, QUALITY AND ECONOMICS OF GUAVA

The experiment was conducted during 2009-10 at the Fruit Research Station, Kuthulia Farm, College of Agriculture, Rewa (M.P.) to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management on yield, quality and economics of guava. Application of 50 % RDF (250:100;250 g NPK)+25 kg FYM+ 5 kg vermicompost/tree (T8 ) and 100% RDF (500:200:500 g NPK) +Zn, B, Mn foliar spray +organic mulching 10 cm thick /tree (T4) were found significantly superior than other INM treatments with respect to yield attributes, yield and economics from guava cv. Allahabad Safeda. Under these treatments, fruit yield ranged from 89.07 to 90.0 qha-1 and economics from Rs.53204 to Rs.53439 ha -1 . Only total soluble solids were found in the higher range (12.23 to 12.430Brix) in T1 and T3 treatments. Other fruit qualities as well as fruit size were not influenced significantly due to INM treatments.
Sequential immunization of macaques elicits heterologous neutralizing antibodies targeting the V3-glycan patch of HIV-1 Env

Description Sequential immunization elicits antibodies against the V3-glycan patch of HIV-1 Env in rhesus macaques and also induces off-target antibody responses. Boosting HIV Vaccines Sequential immunization targeting the V3-glycan patch of the HIV-1 envelope trimer has shown success in transgenic mouse models. However, this strategy must be successful in animals with a polyclonal antibody repertoire to be translatable to humans. Escolano et al. sequentially vaccinated rabbits and nonhuman primates (NHPs) to test whether this strategy could elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting HIV-1. They found that vaccination could induce heterologous neutralizing antibodies against the V3-glycan patch, but also that repeated boosting elicited off-target antibodies. When vaccinated NHPs were challenged with simian-human immunodeficiency virus, only one animal remained uninfected. Thus, improved sequential immunization regimens are needed for HIV-1 vaccines. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 develop after prolonged virus and antibody coevolution. Previous studies showed that sequential immunization with a V3-glycan patch germline-targeting HIV-1 envelope trimer (Env) followed by variant Envs can reproduce this process in mice carrying V3-glycan bNAb precursor B cells. However, eliciting bNAbs in animals with polyclonal antibody repertoires is more difficult. We used a V3-glycan immunogen multimerized on virus-like particles (VLPs), followed by boosting with increasingly native-like Env-VLPs, to elicit heterologous neutralizing antibodies in nonhuman primates (NHPs). Structures of antibody/Env complexes after prime and boost vaccinations demonstrated target epitope recognition with apparent maturation to accommodate glycans. However, we also observed increasing off-target antibodies with boosting. Eight vaccinated NHPs were subsequently challenged with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), and seven of eight animals became infected. The single NHP that remained uninfected after viral challenge exhibited one of the lowest neutralization titers against the challenge virus. These results demonstrate that more potent heterologous neutralization resulting from sequential immunization is necessary for protection in this animal model. Thus, improved prime-boost regimens to increase bNAb potency and stimulate other immune protection mechanisms are essential for developing anti–HIV-1 vaccines.
INFLUENCE OF BRIDGE PARAMETERS ON FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF SLAB ON GIRDER BRIDGES.

The present study is part of the Long Term Bridge Performance Program (LTBP) funded by the Federal Highway Administration. The objectives of this program are to create a comprehensive database of quantitative information of the long-term performance of selected pilot bridges and to develop a methodology to assess bridge performance. Finite element (FE) modeling of the pilot bridges is an intrinsic part of the LTBP program and is intended to not only assist with instrumentation decisions, but also to provide further insight into the behavior of these bridges, which cannot be achieved solely from field testing of the bridges. This thesis provides a comprehensive study of a plethora of issues associated with the development of reliable and accurate FE models of bridges. The first objective of this investigation was to develop reliable finite element models with a variety of levels of refinement and to study the effect of the inclusion of various bridge parameters in the model, such as bridge skew, degree of composite action, thermal gradient and level of support restraint, on the response of bridges. First, the suitability of different modeling techniques and of elements used to model the primary bridge components was assessed using simple models for which analytical solutions are readily available. From these studies, it was concluded that shell elements are adequate to model the bridge deck, and beam and shell elements are both satisfactory to model the bridge girders. From the dynamic analyses of theWildcat Creek River Bridge and the Colquitz River Bridge, flexural modes of vibration were found to be highly sensitive to support restraints and to how the guardrails were modeled and less sensitive to the inclusion of bracing and thermal gradients in the model. The finite element models using extreme boundary conditions were successful in bracketing the field response. The factors identified from these analyses were considered in the analysis of the Virginia pilot bridge. Different support restraints, and the inclusion of skew and level of composite action in the model
Control of modular multilevel converters for grid integration of full-scale wind energy conversion systems

Debnath, Suman Ph.D., Purdue University, May 2015. Control of Modular Multilevel Converters for Grid Integration of Full-scale Wind Energy Conversion Systems. Major Professors: Maryam Saeedifard and Steve D. Pekarek. The growing demand for wind power generation has pushed the capacity of wind turbines towards MW power levels. Higher capacity of the wind turbines necessitates operation of the generators and power electronic conversion systems at higher voltage/power levels. The power electronic conversion system of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) needs to meet the stringent requirements in terms of reliability, efficiency, scalability and ease of maintenance, power quality, and dv/dt stress on the generator/transformer. Although the multilevel converters including the neutral point clamped (NPC) converter and the active NPC converter meet most of the requirements, they fall short in reliability and scalability. Motivated by modularity/scalability feature of the modular multilevel converter (MMC), this research is to enable the MMC to meet all of the stringent requirements of the WECS by addressing their unique control challenges. This research presents systematic modeling and control of the MMC to enable it to be a potential converter topology for grid integration of full-scale WECSs. Based on the developed models, appropriate control systems for control of circulating current and capacitor voltages under fixedand variable-frequency operations are proposed. Using the developed MMC models, a gradient-based cosimulation algorithm to optimize the gains of the developed control systems, is proposed. Performance/effectiveness of the developed models and the proposed control systems for the back-to-back MMC-based WECS are evaluated/verified based on simulations studies in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment and experimental case studies on a laboratory-scale hardware prototype.
Paternal characteristics associated with low birth weight among singleton births: a hospital-based birth cohort study in northern Tanzania

Introduction low birth weight (LBW) remains a devastating adverse pregnancy outcome in low and middle income countries (LMICs). There is evidence showing that maternal demographic and pregnancy-related characteristics are associated with LBW. Little attention is given to paternal characteristics, which may be associated with a higher risk of LBW. This study aimed to assess the effect of paternal characteristics on LBW among singleton deliveries at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) zonal referral hospital in Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania. Methods this was a secondary analysis of a hospital-based cohort study from maternally-linked medical birth registry data at KCMC between 2000 and 2018. A total of 47,035 singleton deliveries were included in this study. Data analysis was performed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Relative risk and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to determine association between LBW and paternal characteristics using log-binomial regression models, with robust standard errors to account for clustering of deliveries within mothers. Results the proportion of LBW during the study period was 9.6%. After adjusting for maternal characteristics, higher risk of LBW was among fathers with low education level (RR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.41, p=0.002), aged ≤24 years old (RR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.55), and those unemployed (RR= 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.21). Lower risk of LBW was among fathers aged ≥40 years (RR=0.97, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.08), but this association was not statistically significant. Conclusion the study confirmed paternal young age (≤24 years old), paternal low education level and unemployment as predictors for LBW. Current evidence on the effect of paternal characteristics on LBW might suggest that programs and policies should target their engagement as a key strategy for improving birth outcomes during the perinatal period. Future studies should assess how paternal factors are associated with the risk of adverse birth outcomes.
Effect of Irrigation Intervals and Inter- row Spacing on Yield, Yields Components and Water Use Efficiency of Sunflower(Helianthus annuus L)

A field experiment was conducted during two successive seasons (1990/1991and 1991/1992) to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals (7, 14 and 21 days) and inter-row spacing of 15 and 30cm on yield, yields components and water use efficiency of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) hybrids, namely: sunwheat 101 and seed tech 1224, The results revealed that the irrigation interval of 7 days significantly improved seed yield (t/ha), oil content and oil yield (t/ha). Inter-row spacing and hybrids had no significant effect on yield and oil content. The highest value of water use efficiency was obtained by applying irrigation every 7 days.
Influence of variety on biological yield, harvest index, Percent of protein in Zea mays

Maize (Zea mays L) is the third most important cereal after wheat and rice all over the world as well as in Pakistan. Maize is grown on an area of 9622000 ha with an annual average production and yield of 1665000 tones and 1730Kg ha -1 , respectively. Among the abiotic stresses, drought is the most severe limitation to maize production. To a careful estimate, only drought reasons for 50% or more reduction in average yields worldwide. Water stress reduces crop yield regardless of the growth stage at which it occurs. Drought causes numerous physiological and biochemical changes in plants like reduced leaf size, stem extension, root proliferation, reduced water use efficiency. K application can improve drought tolerance in plants by regulating a variety of processes, such as os moregulation, charge balance, energy status, and protein synthesis. The field experiment was laid out in randomized split plot design with factorial design with four replications. Treatments included irrigation (7, 10 and 13 days) as main plot and pota ssium fertilizer (0, 30, 60 kg/ha) as sub plot. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of irrigation and potassium on all characteristics was significant.
Trachyandesite of Kennedy Table, its vent complex, and post−9.3 Ma uplift of the central Sierra Nevada: Reply

We thank Emmanuel Gabet for his interest in our work on the Trachyandesite of Kennedy Table and for the opportunity to more fully explain our methods. We (Hildreth et al., 2021) claimed that various lines of evidence from the lava flow strongly support ∼1° of tilting of the central Sierra Nevada since 9.3 Ma. Gabet (2021) stated, “However, their analyses rely on inferences and assumptions that are not supported by field evidence. ” First, he addressed the issue of whether the sinuous lava-flow remnants east of Millerton Lake are fortuitously shaped erosional remnants of a planar lava flow, or whether they are fossilized meanders of the paleo−San Joaquin River, which he terms to be our “interpretation. ” We strongly disagree with this characterization. In Hildreth et al. (2021), we treated the meander question as a hypothesis to be tested using topographic data.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE TAKEOFF MOTION IN THE LONG JUMP

The purposes of this study were to investigate why long jumpers laterally leaned at the touchdown of the takeoff using the three-dimensional kinetics analysis and to obtain suggestions for long jumpers’ training. The subjects were twelve male university long jumpers. Three-dimentional coordinates and ground reaction forces (GRF) were collected by Vicon cameras and a force platform. The results in this study were revealed that the hip joint of the takeoff leg exerted the large abduction torque during the takeoff as well as hip extension torque (peak hip abduction torque, 4.24±3.28 Nm/kg). The hip abductors seemed to help to bear the body against the GRF and to contribute to obtain the vertical CG velocity. These imply why the long jumpers laterally leaned the body at the touchdown of the takeoff.
Value-At-Risk Analysis Using ARIMAX-GARCHX Approach For Estimating Risk Of Bank Central Asia Stock Returns

Before buying a stock, an investor must estimate the risk which will be received. VaR is one of the methods that can be used to measure the level of risk. Most stock returns have a high fluctuation, so the variant is heteroscedastic, which is thought to be caused by exogenous variables. The time series model used to model data that is not only influenced by the previous period but is also influenced by exogenous variables is ARIMAX. In contrast, the GARCHX model is used to obtain a more optimal stock return data model with heteroscedasticity cases and is influenced by exogenous variables. This study uses the ARIMAX-GARCHX model to calculate the VaR of the stock returns of PT Bank Central Asia Tbk. The exogenous variables used are the exchange rate return of IDR/USD and the return of the JCI in the period January 3, 2017, to March 31, 2021. The best model chosen is the ARIMAX(2,0,1,1)-GARCHX(1,1,1). VaR calculation is carried out with the concept of moving windows with time intervals of 250, 375, and 500 transaction days. The results obtained at the 95% confidence level, the maximum loss obtained by an investor is 1,4%.
Physiological demands of indoor wall climbing in children

The study aimed to assess the physiological demands of indoor wall climbing in children. Twenty-five children (aged 8–12 years) from a climbing school, with a performance RP (red point) of IV to V+ UIAA (Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme) scale (5.4 to 5.7 YDS [Yosemite Decimal System] and 4a to 5a Sport/French scale), participated in the study. All 25 children climbed the first vertical route (IV UIAA, 5.4 YDS, 4a Sport/French) and 10 went on to complete the 110° overhanging route (IV+ UIAA, 5.5 YDS, 4b Sport/French). Both routes were climbed in a top rope style, at a self-selected pace. A portable gas analyser was used to assess the physiological response to the climbs. In addition, the time spent climbing by the children was recorded during the subsequent eight-week period. There were no significant differences found in the peak oxygen consumption between boys and girls, or for the route inclinations, with mean values of around 40 ml·kg− 1·min− 1. The children also achieved similarly high mean % values of HRmax, of between approximately 81–90%. To conclude, a typical children's climbing session involves short intermittent high intensity climbing, interspersed with longer periods of rest. It is possible that climbing in short intermittent bursts, as seen in the present research, may be considered high intensity training, with sufficient intensity to influence aerobic fitness in children.
Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis Techniques, Estimates and Implications Second Edition (2009)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Executive Summary Full report available at www.vtpi. org/tca ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Abstract This 500+ page document is a comprehensive study of transportation benefit and costing, and a guidebook for applying this information. It includes detailed analysis of various transport costs and benefits. These impacts are described in detail and categorized by various attributes: whether they are internal or external, fixed or variable, market or nonmarket. Using the best available data, it provides monetized estimates of twenty three costs for eleven travel modes under three travel conditions. This document is unique in several important ways. It is one of the most comprehensive studies of its kind, including many often-overlooked impacts. It is the only transport cost study regularly updated as new information becomes available. It explains economic concepts and evaluation techniques. It provides costs values in a format designed to help users easily apply this information to policy analysis and planning situations. It includes a spreadsheet that automates cost analysis. It discusses the implications and applications of analysis results. It provides extensive references, many available through the Internet, so users can obtain more detailed information as needed. This study indicates that on average about a third of automobile costs are external and about a quarter are internal but fixed. Fuel efficient and alternative fuel vehicles tend to have somewhat lower external costs. Transit tends to have lower total costs under urban-peak conditions. Ridesharing tends to have the lowest marginal costs. Motorcycles tend to have relatively high costs due to their high crash risk. Nonmotorized modes (walking and cycling) have minimal external costs. This study describes various policy and planning reforms that can help increase economic efficiency and equity.