Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delegation with a Reciprocal Agent

We consider a model in which a principal may delegate the choice of a project to a better informed agent. The preferences of the agent and the principal about which project should be undertaken may be discordant. Moreover, the agent benefits from being granted more discretion in the project choice and may be motivated by reciprocity. We find that the relationship between the agent’s reciprocity and discretion crucially depends on the conflict of interest with the principal. When preferences are more congruent (discordant), discretion is broader (more limited) if the agent is more reciprocal. Hence, reciprocity mitigates (exacerbates) a mild (severe) conflict of interest. We also present supportive evidence for the predictions of our model using the German Socio-Economic Panel dataset. (JEL D03, D82, D86)
Comparison of efficacy of fixed low-dose regimens (daily vs alternate day) of oral isotretinoin in mild to moderate acne vulgaris

Objective To compare the efficacy of alternate day fixed low-dose regimen of isotretinoin (20mg) with daily low-dose regimen in mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Methods Sixty patients of mild to moderate acne vulgaris were divided into two groups A and B, each having 30 patients. In group A patients, oral Isotretinoin 20mg/day was used. In group B patients, oral isotretinoin 20 mg on alternate days was given. Both regimens were continued for six months. The disease severity was assessed by Global Acne Grading System. Patients were followed up monthly and their GAGS scores were calculated at each visit. Percentage decrease in GAGS score at the end of six months was taken as efficacy. Results The mean age of the patients was noted as 20.72±4.06 years. There were 4 (7%) male patients whereas 56 (93%) patients were females. The mean weight of the patients was noted as 57.88±7.36 kg. In daily dose group, the mean percentage decrease in GAGS was 73.95±14.04 whereas in alternate day group, the mean percentage decrease in GAGS was 66.57±14.97 ( P >0.05). In daily dose group, efficacy was achieved in 27 (90%) patients whereas in alternate dose group, efficacy recorded was in 26 (86.7%) patients ( P >0.05). Conclusion In the management of mild to moderate acne vulgaris, the alternate day low-dose isotretinoin has almost equal efficacy as compared to daily low-dose therapy.
Countertransference responses of one music therapist to autistic echolalia

ABSTRACT Introduction: In this article, the continuation of a previous study, we explored the phenomenon of echolalia in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) from the perspective of one music therapist. Method: We micro-analyzed the music therapist’s responses to the echoing of three clients in 40 interaction segments that occurred during music therapy, focusing on their musical and interactive characteristics. We interpreted these responses as stemming from countertransference reactions to the phenomenon of echolalia. Results: The music therapist’s responses were interpreted and classified into six categories, according to their interpersonal and musical attributes: (a) ignoring the client’s echolalia, (b) exhibiting boredom, hyper-activity, and/or despair, (c) attempting to control the situation, (d) attempting to teach the client, (e) using the echolalia to communicate with the client, and (f) showing empathy. Discussion: In the discussion, we attempted to interpret the findings as processes of countertransference and addressed the importance of mapping and understanding the therapist’s reactions to the phenomenon of echolalia. Practical implications for caregivers working with children with ASD were suggested.
Geochemical and microbiological characterization of sediments at the mouth of Río de las Minas (Punta Arenas, Chile)

Received: Jun. 05, 2019 Accepted: Sep. 09, 2019 Abstract The appearance and spread of antibiotic resistance are considered a highly complex process with many factors affecting the resistance mechanisms, including metals. In order to fully understand the spread of antibiotic resistance in different environments, combined studies including geochemistry and microbiology are becoming imperative. So far, very few such studies have been conducted, and none of them involves the southernmost regions. The aim of this study was, therefore, to examine the biogeochemical characteristics of sediments of the southernmost part of Chile. Sediment geochemistry, as well as the presence of heterotrophic and carbapenemresistant bacteria (CRB) in the Río de las Minas and neighbouring Strait of Magellan in Punta Arenas (Chile), was investigated to assess the anthropogenic impact of untreated urban wastewater on the accumulation of metals and microbial contaminants in this coastal system. Geochemistry of sediments indicated the influence of both natural processes and anthropogenic activities. Although levels of metals in sediments currently do not represent a toxic effect on organisms, the anthropogenic influence on the sediment composition in the study area cannot be denied. Clinically relevant CRB were found in river sediments (1.9 and 2.7 log CFU / mL). Our findings suggest that the Río de las Minas is under the anthropogenic impact of untreated urban wastewater and represent a significant source of potentially pathogenic CRB to the local environment.
Strain-induced initiation and progression of articular cartilage damage

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Safety and effectiveness of clofazimine in nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease

ABSTRACT RATIONALE: Clofazimine has been reported to be effective in the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD); however, there are scarce data regarding its tolerability and efficacy. OBJECTIVES: We sought to review the safety and efficacy of clofazimine in patients with NTM-PD in our clinic. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all patients with NTM PD who received a regimen containing clofazimine. Demographics, clinical and radiological data, indication and dose of clofazimine, accompanying drugs, need for dose adjustments and adverse drug effects were recorded. Clinical and microbiological outcomes were assessed in those patients who received clofazimine for 6 months or longer. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Forty-seven patients received a regimen containing clofazimine for a mean (SD) of 26.3 (26.3) months. Thirty-six (76.6%) patients developed at least one adverse effect while receiving clofazimine and 12 (25.5%) had to stop clofazimine due to an adverse effect. Ten of 17 patients (58.8%) tested had a prolonged QTc while receiving clofazimine. Out of 35 patients who were on clofazimine for more than 6 months, 15 (42.9%) experienced an improvement in symptoms and 7/27 (25.9%) converted their sputum to culture negative within a year following the initiation of clofazimine. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse effects were common in our series, but attribution to any specific drug was difficult. A significant minority required clofazimine cessation due to intolerance. QTc interval should be monitored in patients receiving regimens containing macrolides, fluoroquinolones and/or clofazimine. Prospective randomized studies are needed to better assess the efficacy and safety of this drug in the management of NTM lung disease.
Evaluation of bio-efficacy and phytotoxicity of BAS 751 01 F SC against early blight disease of tomato

Early blight disease in tomato is destructive in nature and reduces fruit yield. Fungicides were used to control early blight disease but still early blight disease occurs. Hence, for in search of good alternative fungicide to control early blight disease, field experiment on efficacy of BAS 751 01 F SC against early blight disease was conducted in kharif season of 2017-18 and 2018-19. There were 7 treatments with six fungicides and control. Observations on per cent disease index (PDI), fruit yield and phytotoxicity of fungicides on tomato were recorded. In both 2017-18 and 2018-19, BAS 751 01 F SC with a.i.(g) of 200 @ 500 ml or g/ 500 – 750 litres of water was found superior in reducing disease severity (22.12 % mean PDI) over other fungicides used. In 2017-18 and 2018-19, BAS 751 01 F SC with a.i.(g) of 200 @ 500 ml or g/ 500 – 750 litres of water treated plants produced higher yield of tomato fruits (19.41 t/ha, 19.80 t/ha) over other fungicides. BAS 751 01 F SC with a.i.(g) of 200 @ 500 ml or g/ 500 – 750 litres of water were not toxic to tomato plant in kharif season of 2017-18 and 2018-19. The results concluded that use of BAS 751 01 F SC with a.i.(g) of 200 @ 500 ml or g/ 500 – 750 litres of water resulted in reducing disease severity and improved yield.
Time difference of arrival localisation exploiting all available time differences

Time difference of arrival geolocation is re-analysed exploiting all available time differences, though sticking to closed-form algorithms based on the minimum number of time differences. The additional information is statistically utilised in a sound way. Error estimates for the resulting position and the Cramer-Rao lower bound are derived. The two-dimensional case has explicitly been demonstrated for three and four sensors using three and six-time differences. Results are confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations, indeed showing improved accuracy. A comparison with an existing localisation method is presented as well. The three-dimensional localisation scenario can be analysed analogously.
An Assessment of the Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education's (SAFE) Training Program In Mali: Graduates' Perceptions of the Program's Impact On Their Professional Performance

The Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education (SAFE) was established in nine African countries to overcome a shortage of qualified extension educators. A study was commissioned on the SAFE program in Mali, where it has operated since 2002. The purpose of this study was to assess SAFE graduates’ perceptions regarding their training experiences and its impact on their professional practices. Human capital, experiential learning, social constructivism, and selfefficacy theories supported interpreting the SAFE graduates’ perceptions of the competencies acquired and the changes they perceived making to their clients’ practices. A purposeful sampling approach was used to survey 50 SAFE graduates. The graduates’ responses were gathered using several types of response scales, including Likert-type. The findings revealed that 80% of the respondents were males in their late forties with an average of 17 years of experience in extension. On entering the SAFE training program, 70% held a Technician degree; 30% held a Diplome Universitaire de Technicien Superieur (DUTS; Higher Technician Degree); and seven in ten had majored in agriculture. The SAFE graduates perceived, as outcomes of their training, improvements in their professional competence, in their job category, and in their
Macroeconomic and bank-specific determinants of non-performing loans in sub-Saharan Africa

This paper investigates the macroeconomic and bank-specific determinants of non-performing loans (NPLs) in eight sub-Saharan African economies. The study is motivated by the fact that some of these economies have experienced banking crises in the past, their NPLs have relatively been rising post the 2008/2009 global financial crisis and have recently experienced rapid growth of bank credit to the private sector. Such issues pose credit risks in the banking sector. Employing dynamic panel data methods over the period 2000-2017 and using a variety of specifications, the results show that NPLs decrease when real GDP growth rate, return on equity, return on assets, and bank size increase and rises when public debt, inflation rate, broad money, and domestic credit to private sector by banks increase.
Clinical Course of Acute Leukemia in Children with Down Syndrome

Objective: To describe the clinical course of the hematologic abnormalities among children with Downsyndrome, especially transient myeloproliferative disorders (TMD) and acute leukemia. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. Demographic data including a chromosomal study, age of onset, clinical presentations, hematological profiles and outcome of the disease were reviewed among infants with Down syndrome diagnosed with TMD from 2005-2014. Results: Among 21 infants (M:13; F:8) diagnosed with TMD at median age 1 day (range from 2 hours-69 days), 19 (90.5%) patients had spontaneous regression at age of 36 days (12-231 days) with median follow-up time of 3 years (3.3 months-10.2 years), 2 (9.5%) patients died of severe pneumonia and cardiopulmonary failure. Six (28.6%) patients developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at median age of 1 year, 4 months (1.5-24.7 months). Three of 6 patients developing AML died. Clinical manifestations of TMD were asymptomatic (n = 11), hepatosplenomegaly (n = 7), and anemia (n = 3). Hematological profiles in TMD included thrombocytopenia and abnormal blasts with high white blood cell count. Flow cytometry analysis, performed among 3 patients, revealed positive results for CD33 compatible with AML, both TMD and acute leukemia. Conclusion: Infants with Down syndrome having TMD often had spontaneous regression. However, few patients could progress to acute myeloid leukemia with a mortality rate about 50%. Flow cytometry analysis might be helpful to predict the type of leukemia from TMD. Long term follow-up is warranted.
The study of antiepileptic activity of clove oil by MES model in mice

Background: The objective was to evaluate and compare the effect of extract of essential oil of clove with the standard sodium valproate on MES model. Methods: A total of thirty mice were taken, they were given an electroconvulsive shock. Thirty mice were divided into five groups of six animals each, the control group received distilled water 5ml/kg i.p, standard received Inj. Sodium valproate 200 mg/kg i.p. another group received Sesame oil – 10ml/kg i.p(control), test groups received Clove oil0.075 ml/kg i.p., Clove oil0.1ml/kg i.p respectively. All the injections were given 30 minutes before the test. Results: Clove oil produced significant antiepileptic effect at all the doses. Conclusion: Clove oil has shown significant antiepileptic activity in mice.
Integration of Modeling Methods for Cyber-Physical Systems

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) incorporate digital (cyber) and mechanical (physical) elements that interact in complex ways. Many safety-critical CPS, such as autonomous vehicles and drones, are becoming increasingly widespread and hence demand rigorous quality assurance. To this end, CPS engineering relies on modeling methods, which use models to represent the system and design-time analyses to interpret/change the models. Coming from diverse scientific and engineering fields, these modeling methods are difficult to combine, or integrate, due to implicit relationsand dependencies between them. CPS failures can lead to substantial damage or loss of life, and are often due to two key integration challenges: (i) inconsistencies between models — contradictions in models that do not add up to a cohesive design, and (ii) incorrect interactions of analyses — analyses performed out-of-order and in mismatched contexts, leading to erroneous analysis outputs.This thesis presents a novel approach to detect and prevent integration issues between CPS modeling methods during the design phase. To detect inconsistencies between models, the approach allows engineers to specify integration properties — quantified logical statements that relate elements of multiple models — in the Integration Property Language (IPL). IPL statements describe verifiable conditions that are equivalent to an absence of inconsistencies. To interface with the models,IPL relies on integration abstractions — simplified representations of models for integration purposes. This thesis proposes two abstractions: views (annotatedcomponent-and-connector models, inspired by software architecture) and behavioral properties (expressions in model-specific property languages, such as the linear temporal logic). Combining these abstractions lets engineers relate model structure and behavior in IPL statements. To ensure correct interactions of analyses, I introduce analysis contracts — a lightweight specification that captures inputs, outputs, assumptions, and guarantees for each analysis, in terms of the integration abstractions.Given these contracts, an analysis execution platform performs analyses in the order of their dependencies, and only in the contexts that guarantee correct outputs.My approach to integration was validated on four case studies of CPS modeling methods in different systems: energy-aware planning in a mobile robot, collisionavoidance in a mobile robot, thread/battery scheduling in a quadrotor, and reliable/secure sensing in an autonomous vehicle. This validation has shown that the approach can find safety-critical errors by specifying expressive integration properties and soundly checking them within practical constraints — all while being customizable to heterogeneous models, analyses, and domains.
Mapping of sovereign risks in small island economies: An application of contingent claim approach to fiji

Abstract While a decline in the market value of sovereign assets (below a benchmark level of liabilities) can trigger sovereign distress/default risk, volatility in sovereign assets can increase the risk premium on domestic debt and credit spread on external debt. These can escalate the probability of debt default. Therefore, measuring the probability and distance to debt distress associated with sovereign positions is important for assessing the macro-financial risks of an aggregate economy. This paper presents an application of the Contingent Claim Approach (CCA) for measuring the implied asset value and its volatility for the case of Fiji. The CCA captures non-linear changes to sovereign assets and liabilities that are hardly captured by other macroeconomic variables. Our consistent empirical findings indicate no sovereign debt distress for Fiji. Unavailability of partial data on the certain composition of sovereign assets and liabilities is a limitation, but our results are consistent and useful guide to debt policy in Fiji. It is also useful for future research on debt sustainability in other similar smaller developing economies.
Between collaboration and conflict: the exploration of micropolitical processes during reform enactment in an Arab junior high school in Israel

ABSTRACT This article discusses a qualitative case study that investigated the micropolitical processes inside an Arab junior high school in Israel during the enactment of the New Horizon reform. Our analysis focuses on how the school’s educational staff interprets and translates the reform into practice, how their professional identities have developed along this process and on the role of their background as members of the Arab-Palestinian community. We found the principal and teachers draw on both collaborative and conflict-promoting strategies to defend their interests. The study demonstrated the importance of micropolitical considerations and local contexts for macropolitical reforms.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Life Style Modification among Type 2Diabetic Mellitus Patients Attending Adama Hospital Medical College, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Background: The person with diabetes mellitus has a chronic lifelong disease, the person must be knowledgeable to coordinate life style modification in to a daily routine of work to achieve and maintain normal physiological blood glucose level. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of LSM management of type 2 diabetic patients in Adama Medical college Hospital. Methodology: Across-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of type 2 diabetic patients towards LSM management of DM in Adama Medical College Hospital. Data was cleaned and analysed by using SPSS version 16.0 and presented descriptively and
Mine reclamation using biofuel crops: Insights into the microbial ecology of the switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) microbiome

Mine reclamation using biofuel crops: Insights into the microbial ecology of the switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) microbiome Brianna Mayfield Bioenergy crop production has steadily increased due to growing political support for renewable energy, thus initiating a demand to find alternative agricultural land. An innovative option is the use of marginal soils, such as reclaimed mine lands, to produce bioenergy crops. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a promising bioenergy crop that can be grown on marginal lands due to its robust growth in various soil types and climates. However, little is known regarding plantmicrobe interactions among switchgrass systems within reclaimed mine lands. A study conducted in 2008 grew switchgrass on highand lowquality reclaimed mine sites (Hampshire and Hobet, respectively) in West Virginia to examine the resilience of switchgrass as a reclamation-friendly bioenergy crop. Switchgrass yields at Hampshire were nearly an order of magnitude higher than Hobet (8.4 Mg ha−1 vs 1.0 Mg ha−1). Within Hampshire, the Cave-inRock cultivar yield was approximately 2-fold greater than that of Shawnee (12.9 Mg ha vs. 7.6 Mg ha). Here, I sought to illuminate plant-microbial interactions that may account for this drastic shift in cultivar yield by assessing the soil microbial community’s function and composition. I tested two hypotheses: i) that the microbial community’s ability to acquire C, N, and P will be greatest in Hampshire soils compared to that of Hobet and ii) that there will be a cultivar-specific root-associated microbiome that may drive previously observed greater, but differential yields across switchgrass cultivars at Hampshire. I found that reclamation strategy substantially impacts the switchgrass microbiome’s composition as well as its ability to acquire critical nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. I also found that a functionally, but not necessarily compositionally, unique microbiome exists in the root-associated soils compared to that of the bulk soil. Additionally, there were indicators that organic amendments to the topsoil may induce cultivar-specific soil microbiomes that mediate or facilitate differential yields within Hampshire. Taken together, I suggest that organic amendments to the topsoil during reclamation selects for a cultivar-specific microbiome more adept to acquiring critical nutrients and thus, increases aboveground productivity.