Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretical analysis for the mechanical behavior caused by an electromagnetic cycle in ITER Nb 3 Sn cable-in-conduit conductors

The central solenoid (CS) is one of the key components of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) tokamak and which is often considered as the heart of this fusion reactor. This solenoid will be built by using Nb 3 Sn cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC), capable of generating a 13 T magnetic ﬁeld. In order to assess the performance of the Nb 3 Sn CICC in nearly the ITER condition, many short samples have been evaluated at the SULTAN test facility (the background magnetic ﬁeld is of 10.85 T with the uniform length of 400 mm at 1% homogeneity) in Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasma (CRPP). It is found that the samples with pseudo-long twist pitch (including baseline specimens) show a signiﬁcant degradation in the current-sharing temperature (Tcs), while the qualiﬁcation tests of all short twist pitch (STP) samples, which show no degradation versus electromagnetic cycling, even exhibits an increase of Tcs. This behavior was perfectly reproduced in the coil experiments at the central solenoid model coil (CSMC) facility last year. In this paper, the complex structure of the Nb 3 Sn CICC would be simpliﬁed into a wire rope consisting of six petals and a cooling spiral. An analytical formula for the Tcs behavior as a function of the axial strain of the cable is presented. Based on this, the effects of twist pitch, axial and transverse stiffness, thermal mismatch, cycling number, magnetic distribution, etc., on the axial strain are discussed systematically. The calculated Tcs behavior with cycle number show consistency with the previous experimental results qualitatively and quantitatively. Lastly, we focus on the relationship between Tcs and axial strain of the cable, and we conclude that the Tcs behavior caused by electromagnetic cycles is determined by the cable axial strain. Once the cable is in a compression situation, this compression strain and its accumulation would lead to the Tcs degradation. The experimental observation of the Tcs enhancement in the CS STP samples should be considered as a contribution of the shorter length of the high ﬁeld zone in SULTAN and CSMC devices, as well as the tight cable structure.
Iterative algorithms for systems of extended regularized nonconvex variational inequalities and fixed point problems

This paper points out some fatal errors in the equivalent formulations used in Noor 2011 [Noor MA. Projection iterative methods for solving some systems of general nonconvex variational inequalities. Applied Analysis. 2011;90:777–786] and consequently in Noor 2009 [Noor MA. System of nonconvex variational inequalities. Journal of Advanced Research Optimization. 2009;1:1–10], Noor 2010 [Noor MA, Noor KI. New system of general nonconvex variational inequalities. Applied Mathematics E-Notes. 2010;10:76–85] and Wen 2010 [Wen DJ. Projection methods for a generalized system of nonconvex variational inequalities with different nonlinear operators. Nonlinear Analysis. 2010;73:2292–2297]. Since these equivalent formulations are the main tools to suggest iterative algorithms and to establish the convergence results, the algorithms and results in the aforementioned articles are not valid. It is shown by given some examples. To overcome with the problems in these papers, we consider a new system of extended regularized nonconvex variational inequalities, and establish the existence and uniqueness result for a solution of the aforesaid system. We suggest and analyse a new projection iterative algorithm to compute the unique solution of the system of extended regularized nonconvex variational inequalities which is also a fixed point of a nearly uniformly Lipschitzian mapping. Furthermore, the convergence analysis of the proposed iterative algorithm under some suitable conditions is studied. As a consequence, we point out that one can derive the correct version of the algorithms and results presented in the above mentioned papers.
Conjunct Effects of Supported Standing and Functional Electrical Stimulation on Strength and Functional Mobility in Acute Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: After an acute stroke, many patients face difficulty while performing activities of daily living. Supported standing is used for the early mobilization of patients with stroke. The use of functional electrical stimulation is an adjunct component of rehabilitation to augment the strength of lower limbs resulting in better trunk control during functional mobility. Combined effects of electrical stimulation with early weight-bearing exercises can be an effective treatment as compared to typical conventional post-stroke rehabilitation. Objective: To evaluate the conjunct effects of supported standing and functional electrical stimulation on strength and functional mobility in acute stroke. Methods: A single-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted from March to September 2021. Participants aged between 30 to 65 years, both gender, after fulfilling the inclusion criteria were allocated randomly into two groups (32 patients per group). The conventional therapy included positioning, ROM exercises and bed mobility exercises along with supporting standing on tilt tables initially and later on standing frames and walkers for 30 minutes/day five times per week, for almost six weeks while the experimental group received functional electrical stimulation in standing position on the tilt table in addition to conventional therapy. The trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials and was approved by the ethics committee of Riphah International University. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24 and for descriptive analysis, mean and standard deviation were used for numerical continuous variables while categorical variables were presented by frequencies, percentages and median (IQR). Independent sample t-test was applied for the comparison between both groups in quantitative variables, whereas the chi-square test and Fisher Exact test were used for qualitative variables at baseline (Table I). Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was applied to assess the average difference between and within group comparison. Results: The findings showed that the score of all scales were statistically significant for both within and between the groups (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: It was concluded that supported standing technique along with functional electrical stimulation and conventional physical therapy was found to be more effective in improving functional mobility, balance and strength among acute stroke patients rather than standard physical therapy alone.
More on the Turbulent-Strip Theory for Wake-Induced Transition

A theory for transition from laminar to turbulent flow with an unsteady, periodic passing of turbulent wakes in the free stream has recently been presented by the authors. The theory considers a time-averaged transitional flow caused by the formation and propagation of turbulent strips along the surface. To apply the theory, however, both the origin and a quantity related to the production rate of these turbulent strips must be known. In this paper, after a brief review of the theory, a dimensional analysis of the problem is presented and data from experiments re-examined in light of the result. From this, an expression for the time-averaged intermittency is obtained which may be used to calculate the time-averaged distributions of various boundary layer quantities for wake-induced transitional flow.Copyright © 1990 by ASME
The Effect of Stress on the Progression and Development of HIV/AIDS

There is substantial evidence to indicate that the biological human stress response, when activated frequently or during long periods of time, can cause physiological health problems, including immunosuppression, which is particularly dangerous among patients with AIDS and HIV. The secretion of stress hormones, such as glucocorticoids, leads to a decrease in CD4 white blood cells, and this can facilitate the progression of HIV to AIDS and also exacerbate the course of the disease. HIV/AIDS is often associated with elevated stress levels, as well as mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression. Mental illness can also affect disease progression through similar biological mechanisms, although there is a lack of definitive research in this area. Stress alleviation therapy should be considered an important part of the treatment of people living with HIV and AIDS. Research indicates that as well as preventing the negative effects of stress, stress reduction treatments may also alleviate the symptoms of antiretroviral therapy, both of which could vastly contribute to the quality of life and health of patients. In this paper, we examine the biological mechanisms through which stress can impact the immune system and review relevant research on stress, its impact on HIV, potential future research, the role of mental health in disease progression, and implications of these findings.
Existence of Positive Solutions of a Singular Initial Problem for a Nonlinear System of Differential Equations

A singular Cauchy problem for a system of nonlinear diﬀerential equations is considered. It is shown that, under certain assumptions, there exists its positive solution with asymptotic behavior similar, in a certain sense, to asymptotic behavior of the solution of the identical initial problem for implicit system of auxiliary nonlinear (and nondiﬀerential) equations. Solution of the mentioned implicit system serves as the base for the construction of a “funnel,” having the ver-tex coinciding with the initial point, in which the graph of a solution of a given singular problem is located. The main result gives suﬃcient conditions for the existence of a para- metric family of such solutions having positive coordinates. In the proof of the main result, we apply the topological retract method. With this connection the character of every boundary point of this “funnel” is tested and as a result, we conclude that each of its boundary points is either the point of strict egress or the point of strict ingress with respect to the system considered. Corresponding computations use the properties of implicitly deﬁned functions. As a special case, the linear system is considered, too. Illustrative examples show that the assumptions of the main result can easily be veriﬁed without the construction of any implicit function.
Laboratory demonstration of wavefront-based stochastic parallel gradient descent adaptive optics system

A laboratory demonstration of two novel tactical beam control methods for correcting the effects of strong turbulence including Beacon Anisoplanatism, and the combined effects of Beacon Anisoplanatism and Thermal Blooming, respectively, were performed in SAIC's Tactical Beam Control Test-Bed. Both systems were tested with ratio of aperture diameter to Fried parameter, D/r0, of up to 7, and ratio of beam spot size at the target to isoplanatic angle, θB/θo, of up to 10. The first method was implemented in a Wavefront-based Stochastic Parallel Gradient Decent (WSPGD) adaptive optics (AO) system, which uses an off-axis wavefront sensor (WFS) to provide feedback for a multi-dithering beam control algorithm. The second method was implemented in a Hybrid WSPGD AO system, which incorporates the WSPGD AO system with a conventional Phase Conjugate (PC) AO system. The Hybrid system uses an on-axis WFS to generate initial deformable mirror commands and an off-axis WFS to generate additional commands that account for the high frequency phase components removed from the wavefront of a laser return by Beacon Anisoplanatism. We developed a low speed PC-based WSPGD controller, implemented designs of the WSPGD and Hybrid WSPGD AO systems in SAIC's Test-Bed, and tested both AO systems in static and dynamic turbulence over a wide range of turbulence conditions. A target-plane tracker was used to stabilize the line-of-sight in the AO corrected beam. Test results show that the WSPGD AO system efficiently compensates the effects of Beacon Anisoplanatism for both static and dynamic turbulence, providing a mean performance gain of 1.8 averaged over multiple turbulent realizations. We also found in testing that the Hybrid WSPGD system efficiently compensates for Beacon Anisoplanatism in the presence of Thermal Blooming - providing improved compensation for both Thermal Blooming and turbulence. In the presence of strong Beacon Anisoplanatism with θB/θo of up to 10, the maximum performance gain is 4.9 and the mean performance gain for multiple turbulence realizations is 2.1.
Effect of Globalization on Unemployment in ASEAN

In recent decades globalization has become increasingly evolving. The existence of openness between countries facilitates the establishment of mutually beneficial cooperation between various countries. The formation of ASEAN organizations is one example of the existence of globalization. This research aims to analyze the influence of globalization, especially economic, social, political and economic growth and wages on unemployment in ASEAN. This research uses regression analysis of panel data. Zurich and the World Bank in the period 2000-2017. The results of the study concluded that the variables of globalization as a whole, social and political globalization have a significant negative effect on unemployment. The wage control variable has a significant negative effect, while economic growth has a negative but insignificant effect on unemployment. Meanwhile, economic globalization has a positive effect on the unemployment rate in ASEAN.
Journal of Socioeconomics and Development

Social capital is essential in mediating financial inclusion. We employ broader horizontal and vertical social engagement of social capital such as bonding, bridging and linking. Meanwhile, financial inclusion is defined as saving ownership in a formal financial institution. Using a logistic regression model and a sample of 74,454 individual respondents from the 2018 National Socioeconomic Survey, we found that social capital is essential in promoting formal saving behavior. Among three indicators (bonding, bridging, and linking), the results show that a rise in the bridging variable was associated with a 10 per cent higher likelihood of having a formal savings, higher in magnitude than the linking variable. Bonding variable had no effect in promoting financial inclusion, but upon further observation, it was still suitable to be implemented in rural area. Our estimates justified the presence of financial information transmission among people in their respective social circles. Our findings suggest that the government should consider a financial campaign using a community-based approach to complement the current inclusion strategy.
Experimental study of the aeroacoustic mechanism of rotor–vortex interactions

The interaction of a naturally occurring vortex and an axial flow fan is investigated using cross‐correlation and real‐time observation techniques. Results show that the vortex produces a countersign acoustic source strength distribution over the span of the fan blade at the blade passage frequency. Evidence of the influence of the vortex structure on the fluctuating blade pressure measurements is derived from real‐time observations of on‐blade pressure measurements. The experiments indicate that the rotor–vortex interaction can be a significant source mechanism producing discrete‐tone fan noise.
Abrupt suppression of the exchange bias across a non-magnetic insulator spacer

This paper reports results obtained on exchange-biased IrMn/Al2O3/Co films deposited by magnetron sputtering, where the thickness of the non-magnetic insulator layer, tAl2O3, was varied. Ferromagnetic resonance and static magnetization measurements were used to study the exchange interaction between the antiferromagnet (IrMn) and ferromagnet (Co) layers. X-ray diffractometry and x-ray reflectometry as well as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were employed for structural characterization of the films. It was found that the IrMn/Co exchange coupling decreases very abruptly with tAl2O3 being the exponential decay length at least four times smaller than the values previously reported for exchange-bias systems. Such a rapid suppression of the coupling is explained in terms of the prompt loss of the direct contact between the antiferromagnet and the ferromagnet with tAl2O3.
Semi-infinite quadratic optimization method using dual parametrization with application to antenna array

In this article, we consider the practical application of the dual parametrization method for semi-infinite quadratic optimization problems. It is known that the efficiency of the dual parametrization algorithm depends on the method used in its final local search step. For some practical problems, the variables representing the index points in the parametrized dual problem may be sensitive and available local search methods may have difficulty finding the precise optimal locations of the index positions. Thus, we propose modifications to the dual parametrization algorithm developed earlier to overcome these problems. The modified algorithm is applied to a general design of antenna arrays. Numerical results are compared with other design methods. ¶Dedicated to N.U. Ahmed on the occassion of his 70th birthday.
Genesis of Tropical Storm Eugene (2005) from Merging Vortices Associated with ITCZ Breakdowns. Part I: Observational and Modeling Analyses

Abstract Although tropical cyclogenesis occurs over all tropical warm ocean basins, the eastern Pacific appears to have the highest frequency of tropical cyclogenesis events per unit area. In this study, tropical cyclogenesis from merging mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) associated with breakdowns of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is examined. This is achieved through a case study of the processes leading to the genesis of Tropical Storm Eugene (2005) over the eastern Pacific using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis, satellite data, and 4-day multinested cloud-resolving simulations with the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model at the finest grid size of 1.33 km. Observational analyses reveal the initiations of two MCVs on the eastern ends of the ITCZ breakdowns that occurred more than 2 days and 1000 km apart. The WRF model reproduces their different movements, intensity and size changes, and vortex–vortex interaction at nearly the right timing and location at.
The effects of mobile phone use on students’ emotional-behavioural functioning, and academic and social competencies

ABSTRACT This correlational study investigates the relationship between mobile phone use among elementary school students in Iran during the Covid-19 epidemic, and its effect on emotional-behavioural functioning and academic and social competencies. A researcher-devised questionnaire, and the Achenbach Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL)-parental version, was used to assess parental perception of the effects of mobile phone use. Questionnaires were completed by 500 parents, of which 470 were analysed. Findings showed a perceived relationship between the use of cyberspace (smartphone, tablet, games, and social networks) and anxious/depressed, withdrawn, somatic complaints, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, antisocial behaviour, and aggressive behaviour in children. Findings indicate that children’s cultural context affects their exposure to online dangers, including receiving threatening images and messages, and cyberbullying; the effects in the current study being lower than the international average. It is recommended that there should be focus on promoting students’ media literacy, and parental awareness.
Student Engagement: Validating a Model to Unify In-Class and Out-of-Class Contexts

Student engagement, while widely recognized as both important to outcomes of higher education institutions and critical to student learning, is still missing a unifying model addressing students both inside and outside of the classroom. This mixed-methods paper will explore the existing models of student engagement and propose a model which better supports analysis from multiple perspectives. This model was validated within the context of Vietnamese higher education. The results indicate that student engagement, both in-class and out-of-class, can be modeled through the four sub-components of emotional, cognitive, participatory, and agentic engagement. Having these common elements allows analysis vertically, through these four dimensions, or horizontally, across two contexts, providing greater flexibility for future investigations.
A Survey of Extended Radio Jets with Chandra and the Hubble Space Telescope

We present the results from an X-ray and optical survey of a sample of 17 radio jets in active galactic nuclei performed with Chandra and the Hubble Space Telescope. The sample was selected from the radio and is unbiased toward detection at shorter wavelengths, but preferentially it includes beamed sources. We find that X-ray emission is common on kiloparsec scales, with over half (10/17) the radio jets exhibiting at least one X-ray knot on the Chandra images. A similar detection rate is found for the optical emission, although not all X-ray knots have optical counterparts and vice versa. The distributions of the radio-to-X-ray and radio-to-optical spectral indices, αrx and αro, for the detected jets are similar to the limits for the nondetections, suggesting that all bright radio jets have X-ray counterparts that will be visible in longer observations. Comparing the radio and X-ray morphologies shows that the majority of the X-ray jets have structures that closely map the radio. Analysis of the spectral energy distributions of the jet knots suggests that the knots in which the X-ray and radio morphologies track each other produce X-rays by inverse Compton (IC) scattering of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The remaining knots produce X-rays by the synchrotron process. Spectral changes are detected along the jets, with the ratio of the X-ray-to-radio and optical-to-radio flux densities decreasing from the inner to the outer regions. This suggests an additional contribution to the X-ray flux in the jet's inner part, either from synchrotron radiation or IC scattering of the stellar light. Alternatively, in a pure IC/CMB scenario, the plasma decelerates as it flows from the inner to the outer regions. Finally, the X-ray spectral indices for the brightest knots are flat (photon index Γx ~ 1.5), indicating that the bulk of the luminosity of the jets is emitted at GeV energies and raising the interesting possibility of future detections with GLAST.
Charge-plasma based symmetrical-gate complementary electron–hole bilayer TFET with improved performance for sub-0.5 V operation

In this paper, the complementary charge-plasma (CP) based symmetrical-gate electron–hole bilayer (EHB) tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) at a low operating voltage (⩽0.5 V) is introduced. Where, by using CP technique, the source/drain and EHB-channel is induced by depositing metal electrode with appropriate work function. Moreover, the immunity against random dopant fluctuations and the feasibility of a self-aligned process due to a symmetrical top/bottom gate arrangement without the need for a high thermal annealing process make the fabrication of the proposed EHB-TFET very reliable and efficient. Moreover, by implementing the density gradient quantum correction model, the quantum confinement and its effect on confining the 2D electron–hole concentration are also corrected as the proposed device has a smaller channel thickness of 5 nm. The proposed device shows superior performance against almost all Si-based CP-TFETs with a higher ON-current of 47.33 μA μm−1, a smaller average subthreshold swing of 13.53 mV dec−1 and a high ON-current to OFF-current ratio of 2.16 × 1013. This indicates that the proposed device is a promising candidate for future low-power applications.