Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resequencing the Hubble sequence and the quadratic (black hole mass)–(spheroid stellar mass) relation for elliptical galaxies

One of the most protracted problems in astronomy has been understanding the evolution of galaxy morphology. Much discussion has surrounded how lenticular galaxies may form a bridging population between elliptical and spiral galaxies. However, with recourse to a galaxy’s central black hole mass, accretion-built spiral galaxies have emerged as the bridging population between low-mass lenticular galaxies and the dusty merger-built lenticular galaxies contiguous with elliptical galaxies and ‘brightest cluster galaxies’ in the black hole/galaxy mass diagram. Spiral galaxies, including the Milky Way, appear built from gas accretion and minor mergers onto what were initially lenticular galaxies. These connections are expressed as a new morphology sequence, dubbed the ‘Triangal’, which subsumes elements of the Hubble sequence and the van den Bergh trident and reveals the bridging nature of the often overlooked ellicular galaxies. Furthermore, a quadratic black hole/galaxy mass relation is found to describe ordinary elliptical galaxies. The relation is roughly parallel to the quadratic-like relations observed for the central spheroidal component of spiral galaxies, dust-rich lenticular galaxies, and old dust-poor lenticular galaxies. The brightest cluster galaxies are offset according to expectations from an additional major merger. The findings have implications for feedback from active galactic nuclei, mapping morphology into simulations, and predicting gravitational wave signals from colliding supermassive black holes. A new galaxy speciation model is presented. It disfavours the ‘monolithic collapse’ scenario for spiral, dusty lenticular, and elliptical galaxies. It reveals substantial orbital angular momentum in the Universe’s first galaxies and unites dwarf and ordinary ‘early-type’ galaxies.
Sex Education Using Problem-Based Learning Approach: An Effort to Raise Adolescent Awareness of the Dangers of Promiscuity

The purpose of this study is to explain the implementation of sex education for teenagers using a problem-based learning method in Cibeureum Village, Cimahi City, to raise awareness of the dangers of promiscuity. This study used a qualitative method and employs a case study design. Observation, in-depth conversations, and documentation studies are all methods for gathering data. As study resource people, two community leaders, ten sex education participants, and three sex education program organizers were used.Techniques for data analysis include data condensation, data presentation, deriving conclusions, and verification. The research founds that: (1) Sex education for adolescents using a problem-based learning strategy is carried out in stages, beginning with program planning by the village government in collaboration with RT administrators, RWs, community leaders, and parents with teenagers. 2) sex education program organizers collaborate with competent resource people when conducting the program. In addition, material on the dangers of promiscuity for adolescents is presented using problem-based learning, in which resource people present material based on real issues encountered by adolescents as a result of promiscuity. 3) the majority of participants' insights and understanding of the dangers of promiscuity had grown, especially the material presented using a problem-based learning approach.
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M3 Expression and Survival in Human Colorectal Carcinoma—An Unexpected Correlation to Guide Future Treatment?

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (M3R) has repeatedly been shown to be prominently expressed in human colorectal cancer (CRC), playing roles in proliferation and cell invasion. Its therapeutic targetability has been suggested in vitro and in animal models. We aimed to investigate the clinical role of MR3 expression in CRC for human survival. Surgical tissue samples from 754 CRC patients were analyzed for high or low immunohistochemical M3R expression on a clinically annotated tissue microarray (TMA). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for established immune cell markers (CD8, TIA-1, FOXP3, IL 17, CD16 and OX 40). We used Kaplan–Meier curves to evaluate patients’ survival and multivariate Cox regression analysis to evaluate prognostic significance. High M3R expression was associated with increased survival in multivariate (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.35–0.78; p = 0.001) analysis, as was TIA-1 expression (HR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.94–0.99; p = 0.014). Tumors with high M3R expression were significantly more likely to be grade 2 compared to tumors with low M3R expression (85.7% vs. 67.1%, p = 0.002). The 5-year survival analysis showed a trend of a higher survival rate in patients with high M3R expression (46%) than patients with low M3R expression CRC (42%) (p = 0.073). In contrast to previous in vitro and animal model findings, this study demonstrates an increased survival for CRC patients with high M3R expression. This evidence is highly relevant for translation of basic research findings into clinically efficient treatments.
Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs). XIV. Calculated IMFPs for LiF and Si3N4 and development of an improved predictive IMFP formula

We report inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) of Si3N4 and LiF for electron energies from 50 eV to 200 keV that were calculated from their optical energy‐loss functions using the relativistic full Penn algorithm including the correction of the bandgap effect in insulators. Our calculated IMFPs, designated as optical IMFPs, could be fitted to a modified form of the relativistic Bethe equation for inelastic scattering of electrons in matter from 50 eV to 200 keV. The root mean square (RMS) deviations in these fits were less than 1% for Si3N4 and LiF. The IMFPs were also compared with the relativistic version of our predictive Tanuma–Powell–Penn (TPP‐2M) equation. We found that IMFPs calculated from the TPP‐2M equation are systematically larger than the optical IMFPs for both LiF and Si3N4. The RMS differences between IMFPs from the TPP‐2M equation and the optical IMFPs were 49.3% for LiF and 17.3% for Si3N4 for energies between 50 eV and 200 keV. These RMS differences are much larger than those for most of the inorganic compounds in our previous IMFP calculations where the average RMS difference was 10.7% for 42 inorganic compounds. We also report the development of an improved predictive IMFP formula, which we designate as the JTP equation. This formula is a refinement of the TPP‐2M equation and is based on the recent IMFP calculations for 100 materials including the present IMFPs for Si3N4 and LiF (41 elemental solids, 45 inorganic compounds, and 14 organic compounds) for 83 electron energies between 50 eV and 200 keV. Our predictive JTP equation gave satisfactory results in comparisons of optical IMFPs and IMFPs calculated from the JTP equation. The RMS difference between the 8300 optical IMFPs used for optimization and the IMFPs calculated from the JTP equation was 10.2%. This value is appreciably less than the RMS difference of 16.0% found in a similar comparison of the optical IMFPs and IMFPs from the TPP‐2M equation. Furthermore, IMFPs from the JTP equation were compared with measured IMFPs for energies between 50 eV and 200 keV for 16 elemental solids and 37 inorganic compounds. We found that the JTP equation gave satisfactory results that were comparable with previous comparisons of the optical IMFPs and measured IMFPs. We believe that the JTP equation will be applicable to a wider range of materials than the TPP‐2M equation.
Influence of Controlled Aggregation on Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids

Nanoparticles aggregation is considered, by the heat transfer community, as one of the main factors responsible for the observed enhancement in the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. To gain a better insight into the veracity of this claim, we experimentally investigated the influence of nanoparticles aggregation induced by changing the pH value or imposing a magnetic field on the thermal conductivity of water-based nanofluids. The results showed that the enhancement in thermal conductivity of TiO2–water nanofluid, due to pH-induced aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles, fell within the ±10% of the mixture theory, while applying an external magnetic force on Fe3O4–water nanofluid led to thermal conductivity enhancements of up to 167%. It is believed that the observed low enhancement in thermal conductivity of TiO2–water nanofluid is because, near the isoelectric point (IEP), the nanoparticles could settle out of the suspension in the form of large aggregates making the suspension rather unstable. The magnetic field however could provide a finer control over the aggregate size and growth direction without compromising the stability of the nanofluid, and hence significantly enhancing the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid.
PENGARUH MODAL MANUSIA TERHADAP KINERJA BISNIS DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh modal manusia terhadap kinerja bisnis selama masa COVID-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan minyak dan gas bumi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Data yang digunakan untuk modal manusia maupun kinerja bisnis diperoleh dari laporan keuangan triwulan selama masa COVID-19. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara langsung maupun tidak langsung modal manusia tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja bisnis.
Response of Some Bread Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) to Salinity at Early Growth Stage

This study aimed to detect the salinity harsh influence on germination of Triticum aestivum L. seeds, seedling growth and some physiological defense mechanisms to determine the salt-tolerant genotype. The study was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 3 replicates for each treatment. Four bread wheat genotypes; Hawler-2, Azady, Adana, Rabeae were subjected to two irrigation patterns; tape water (control) and 100 mM NaCl (salt stress). The highest percent of germination; 46.77 recorded by Rabeaa genotype. Meanwhile Azady and Rabeaa had highest mean germination time (MGT); 16.71 and 16.03 respectively. Longest root was exhibited by Adena;10.50 cm. while the longest shoot was represented by Hawler-2; 16.40 cm. Highest dry weight of root was 1.01 g. Root: shoot ratio; 1.63 exhibited by Rabeaa. Hawler-2 showed minimum chlorophyll a; 0.90 mg/ g. A maximum decrease recorded from chlorophyll b 2.3 mg/ g fresh leaves noticed by Adena and 2.18 mg/ g of fresh leaves of total chlorophyll by Hawler-2 under salinity condition. Azady and Rabeaa recorded higher MSI%; 43.3 and 43 % respectively as compared to others. Rabeaa recorded highest water content, proline and sugar content; 22.7, 0.31 and 11.56 mg g-1. Therefore, it could suggest that Rabea and Azady can be successfully grown under 100 mM NaCl saline condition.
Homogenization of stochastic semilinear parabolic equations with non-Lipschitz forcings in domains with fine grained boundaries

Abstract. The present work deals with the homogenization and in-depth asymptotic analysis of a nonlinear stochastic evolution equation with non-Lipschitz nonlinearities in a domain with fine grained boundaries in which the obstacles have a non-periodic distribution. Under appropriate conditions on the data it is proved that a solution of the initial problem converges in suitable topologies to a solution of a limit problem which contains an additional term of capacity type. The notion of solution is that of weak probabilistic which is a system consisting of a probability space, Wiener process, and a solution in the distribution sense of the problem.
Science with Large Solar Telescopes: Overview of SpS 6

Abstract With several large aperture optical and IR telescopes just coming on-line, or scheduled for the near future, solar physics is on the verge of a quantum leap in observational capabilities. An efficient use of such facilities will require new and innovative approaches to both observatory operations and data handling. This two-days long Special Session discussed the science expected with large solar telescopes, and started addressing the strategies necessary to optimize their scientific return. Cutting edge solar science as derived from state-of-the-art observations and numerical simulations and modeling was presented, and discussions were held on the role of large facilities in satisfying the demanding requirements of spatial and temporal resolution, stray-light correction, and spectro-polarimetric accuracy. Building on the experience of recently commissioned telescopes, critical issues for the development of future facilities were discussed. These included operational issues peculiar to large telecopes as well as strategies for their best use.
Influence of Face Masks on Physiological and Subjective Response during 130 Min of Simulated Light and Medium Physical Manual Work—An Explorative Study

Background: Undesirable side effects from wearing face masks during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continue to be discussed and pose a challenge to occupational health and safety when recommending safe application. Only few studies examined the effects of continuously wearing a face mask for more than one hour. Therefore, the influence of wearing a medical mask (MedMask) and a filtering facepiece class II respirator (FFP2) on the physiological and subjective outcomes in the course of 130 min of manual work was exploratively investigated. Physical work load and cardiorespiratory fitness levels were additionally considered as moderating factors. Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects (12 females) from three different cardiorespiratory fitness levels each performed 130 min of simulated manual work with light and medium physical workload using either no mask, a MedMask or FFP2. Heart rate, transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PtcO2, PtcCO2) as well as perceived physical exertion and respiratory effort were assessed continuously at discrete time intervals. Wearing comfort of the masks were additionally rated after the working period. Results: There was no difference in time-dependent changes of physiological outcomes when using either a MedMask or a FFP2 compared to not wearing a mask. A stronger increase over time in perceived respiratory effort occurred when the face masks were worn, being more prominent for FFP2. Physical workload level and cardiorespiratory fitness level were no moderating factors and higher wearing comfort was rated for the MedMask. Conclusion: Our results suggest that using face masks during light and medium physical manual work does not induce detrimental side effects. Prolonged wearing episodes appeared to increase respiratory effort, but without affecting human physiology in a clinically relevant way.
Mitigating Osmotic Stress and Enhancing Developmental Productivity Processes in Cotton through Integrative Use of Vermicompost and Cyanobacteria

There is an urgent demand for biostimulant amendments that can sustainably alleviate osmotic stress. However, limited information is available about the integrated application of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract on cotton plants. In 2020 and 2021, two field experiments were carried out in which twelve combinations of three irrigation intervals were employed every 14 days (Irrig.14), 21 days (Irrig.21), and 28 days (Irrig.28) along with four amendment treatments (a control, vermicompost, cyanobacteria extract, and combination of vermicompost + cyanobacteria extract) in salt-affected soil. The integrative use of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract resulted in an observed improvement in the physicochemical attributes; non-enzymatic antioxidants (free amino acids, proline, total soluble sugars, and phenolics); and antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) and a decrease in the levels of oxidative damage indicators (H2O2 and MDA). Significant augmentation in the content of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid concentration, relative water content, stomatal conductance, and K+ was also observed. In conjunction with these findings, noticeable decreases in the content of Na+ and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the degree of lipid peroxidation (MDA) proved the efficacy of this technique. Consequently, the highest cotton yield and productivity as well as fiber quality were achieved when vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract were used together under increasing irrigation intervals in salt-affected soil. In conclusion, the integrated application of vermicompost and a cyanobacteria extract can be helpful for obtaining higher cotton productivity and fiber quality compared with the studied control and the individual applications of the vermicompost or the cyanobacteria extract under increasing irrigation intervals within salt-affected soil. Additionally, it can also help alleviate the harmful impact of these abiotic stresses.
Nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices related to physical restraint: the case from Turkey

BackgroundNurses are primarily for the care of patients and should ensure that physical restraint, which has many negative consequences, be applied according to standard practice. Therefore, they should have knowledge about physical restraint and apply physical restraint by observing existing laws and ethical principles. This study aimed to determine the knowledge level, attitude and practices of pediatric nurses on physical restraint and identify the factors influencing physical restraint use. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 150 pediatric nurses working in the pediatric clinic of a training and research hospital. The data were collected with an information form containing the introductory characteristics of the nurses and the Level of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Staff Regarding Physical Restraints Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. ResultsOverall, nurses had good restraint-related knowledge with positive attitudes, although the physical restraint practices of nurses were not the best and there were some deficiencies. A statistically non-significant difference was found between age, gender, education status, nurses' work unit, and training status regarding physical restraint on the one hand and knowledge, attitude and practice scores relating to the use of physical restraints on the other (p>0.05). ConclusionsPediatric nurses' level of knowledge about physical restraint was quite good and their attitudes were positive. However, there were some deficiencies in their practices. Future training should therefore be emphasized to enhance nurses' ethical and sensitive thinking, increase their competence in applying physical restraint and working with patients.
Effect of High School Course-taking and Grades on Passing a College Placement Test

Jeffrey Roth Gerald G. Crans Randy L. Carter Mario Ariet Michael B. Resnick University of Florida Transcripts of 19,736 students who consecutively attended Florida high schools for four years and graduated in the spring of 1994 were analyzed to determine how course choice, grades, tenth grade standardized test score results, race, and gender affected performance on a computerized placement test (CPT) administered upon entry to community college in the fall of 1994. A High School Performance (HSP) variable for math and English was constructed to account for differences in number of courses completed, degree of course difficulty, and course grade. Math andEnglish HSP, 4-year cumulative grade point average (GPA), percentile rank on Grade Ten Assessment Test (GTAT) in math and reading, race and gender all had significant effects on the probability of passing the CPT Math HSP had a larger positive effect on passing the Math CPT than GPA or GTAT This was not the case for the Reading or Writing CPT subtests where GTAT had the larger effect and the magnitude of English HSP and GPA was about equal. Students can raise the probability of passing the-Math CPT if they take more difficult math courses in high school, even at the expense of lowering their GPA.
A Study of Hail Growth Utilizing Observed Storm Conditions.

Abstract Hail growth is studied in the Westplains, Colorado, storm for which a variety of observations were collected. Measurements from a triple-Doppler radar network and a penetrating aircraft are used to synthesize fields of liquid water content and three-dimensional, evolving air motion from which detailed hail growth trajectories are computed. Explicit treatment of the growth of hail embryos is sidestepped. Rather, for the purpose of the study a wide range of embryo sizes is assumed to exist over a broad region of the storm and the analysis examines which particles are predicted to grow and what their growth trajectories are. Sensitivity of individual trajectories to many parameter such as initial position, embryo size, and particle drag law, is found. However, the general results, including the following, are insensitive: the storm flow field is organized such that an efficient mechanism exists for transporting particles into the updraft; following growth of the embryo outside the large updraft, a s.
The role of miRNA in colorectal cancer diagnosis: A pilot study

Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common cancer worldwide, and has both a poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate, thus indicating the need for new, sensitive and specific biomarkers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are important regulators of gene expression, which are involved in numerous biological processes implicated in tumorigenesis. The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression of miRNAs in plasma and tissue samples from patients with CRC, and to examine their potential as CRC biomarkers. Using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, it was revealed that miR-29a, miR-101, miR-125b, miR-146a and miR-155 were dysregulated in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of patients with CRC, compared with the surrounding healthy tissue, and these miRNAs were associated with several pathological features of the tumor. Bioinformatics analysis of overlapping target genes identified AGE-RAGE signaling as a putative joint regulatory pathway. miR-146a was also upregulated in the plasma of patients with CRC, compared with the healthy control group, and had a fair discriminatory power (area under the curve, 0.7006), with 66.7% sensitivity and 77.8% specificity. To the best of our knowledge, this distinct five-miRNA deregulation pattern in tumor tissue, and upregulation of plasma miR-146a, were shown for the first time in patients with CRC; however, studies on larger patient cohorts are warranted to confirm their potential to be used as CRC diagnostic biomarkers.
You Shall Not Pass: MX2 Proteins Are Versatile Viral Inhibitors

Myxovirus resistance (MX) proteins are pivotal players in the innate immune response to viral infections. Less than 10 years ago, three independent groups simultaneously showed that human MX2 is an interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) with potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) activity. Thenceforth, multiple research works have been published highlighting the ability of MX2 to inhibit RNA and DNA viruses. These growing bodies of evidence have identified some of the key determinants regulating its antiviral activity. Therefore, the importance of the protein amino-terminal domain, the oligomerization state, or the ability to interact with viral components is now well recognized. Nonetheless, there are still several unknown aspects of MX2 antiviral activity asking for further research, such as the role of cellular localization or the effect of post-translational modifications. This work aims to provide a comprehensive review of our current knowledge on the molecular determinants governing the antiviral activity of this versatile ISG, using human MX2 and HIV-1 inhibition as a reference, but drawing parallelisms and noting divergent mechanisms with other proteins and viruses when necessary.