Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds from different types of grape pomace produced at wineries and distilleries.

UNLABELLED Natural extracts obtained from grape pomace are particularly interesting, due to the substantial variety of valuable compounds present with health benefits, specifically phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins, trans-resveratrol, quercetin, and proanthocyanidins. The production of such extracts has been recognized as a profitable way to valorize grape byproducts, which are low-value and most abundant. First, the effect of the solvent on the extraction of bioactive compounds from grape pomace is studied. The selected solvents are water and ethanol, biocompatible and available in wineries and distilleries. Then, different types of grape pomace obtained along the various stages of current industrial winemaking and distillation processes are analyzed. As a result, the best stage of the winemaking and distillation processes for pomace valorization is identified, corresponding to the grape byproduct with the highest potential as source of bioactive compounds. These studies were performed with Vitis vinifera variety of Tempranillo grapes (same year, same vineyard). PRACTICAL APPLICATION This work optimizes the production of natural extracts from (byproduct) grape pomace with recognized health benefits, to be used as high value nutraceuticals ingredients. The process proposed uses renewable and low-cost resources existent in wineries and distilleries. The select solvent extracting is a mixture of the biocompatible water and ethanol. The selected fermented grape pomace was chosen from different and comparable types of grape pomace obtained at current winemaking and distillation processes, to be used in extraction without any pretreatment.
Identifying an index of subsurface volatiles on Mars through an analysis of impact crater morphometry using principal component analysis

Layered ejecta craters comprise a significant fraction of the ejecta on Mars and may form from the excavation of subsurface volatiles, such as ice. A recent global catalogue identified extensive numbers of layered ejecta craters and their properties and is examined here. In this study over 10,000 single‐layered and double‐layered ejecta craters were analyzed by principal component analysis. Principal component analysis revealed the existence of four significant principal components for single‐layered ejecta craters, and five for double‐layered ejecta craters, which accounted for 73% and 80% of the sample variances, respectively. The first three PCs were interpreted as indices of impactor energy, target volatiles, and impactor angle. The fourth component for both morphologies was interpreted as a resurfacing index. The fifth component for double‐layered craters was identified as an index of preservation of the impact feature. Using the putative target volatile index identified through principal component analysis, the spatial distribution of potential subsurface volatiles, both past and geologically recent, is mapped.
Late glacial and Holocene vegetation history at Poets hill lake, western Tasmania

SUMMARY Pollen analysis of 3.25 m of late glacial and Holocene sediments gives a mid‐altitude (600 m) record of vegetation development after the last or Margaret Glaciation. Alpine herbfield, coniferous heath and Nothofagus gunnli scrub developed on the moraines until 11,400 BP. Wet montane forest and heath then developed with Phyllocladus aspleniifolius, Nothofagus cunninghamii and Eucalyptus until c. 10,000 BP. After 10,000 BP a mosaic of N. cunninghamii rainforest, Myrtaceae and Proteaceae scrub and Sprengelia incarnata heath occurred. The development of the vegetation from alpine communities to temperate rainforest, which is near its limit at 600 m, occurred under the influence of improving climatic conditions with rapid upslope migration or local expansion of taxa during the late glacial. Temperatures were warm enough for the development of rainforest at 600 m by 10,000 BP, if not earlier. The development of a mosaic of rainforest, scrub and heath vegetation rather than extensive rainforest after 10,.
BEHAVIOUR OF PILE GROUP BEHIND A SHEET PILE QUAY WALL SUBJECTED TO LIQUEFACTION-INDUCED LARGE GROUND DEFORMATION OBSERVED IN SHAKING TEST IN E-DEFENSE PROJECT

ABSTRACT This paper aims to illustrate a large-scale test on a pile group and a sheet pile quay wall which were subjected to liquefaction-induced large ground deformation. The sheet pile quay wall was displaced laterally and the 2×3 pile group was forced by the flow of liquefied soil. This experiment was conducted in March 2006 at the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED), Hyogo Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Japan. Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading was achieved, and soil moved laterally about 1.1 m behind the sheet pile quay wall. Lateral soil displacement was measured by the inclinometers, and results were in close agreement with the directly observed values. Soil lateral displacement and velocity of soil flow decreased as the distance from the quay wall increased toward the landside. Bending strain records were able to explain the damages to the piles, yielding at the top and buckling at the middle height. Lateral force of the liquefied soil exerted on the piles was obtained using earth pressure (EP) sensors and it is shown that rear row piles (close to the quay wall) received larger lateral forces than front row piles (far from the quay wall). This behaviour is explained by the distribution of displacement and velocity of the liquefied soil throughout the shaking. In addition, the lateral soil force was back calculated from strain gauge data and the results are compared with the ones directly measured by the EP sensors. Then, the limitations and advantages of the back-calculation approach are elaborated in this study. Moreover, the time history of lateral soil force showed no correlation with either soil or pile displacements, while it demonstrated a fairly close correlation with the relative velocity until a specific time. This interesting finding would confirm the rate-dependent behaviour of the liquefied soil, though more data from large scale experiments, field testing and centrifuge model tests are needed in this regard.
Ecology of butterflies in Europe

Due to the attractiveness of butterflies, and their usefulness as model systems for biological questions, there has been a considerable amount of material written on butterfly biology, largely in Europe. This book synthesizes all relevant and recent knowledge in the field, which is a must for those making use of this taxonomic group as a model system. It is divided into five major parts which deal with habitat use, population ecology and genetics, evolutionary ecology, distribution and phylogeny, and global change and conservation. There are growing numbers of scientific projects and networks in Europe in which the use of butterflies as tools and targets for conservation is central, and application of knowledge is closely related to European cultural landscapes. However, the chapters can also be applied to a wide geographic scope. Written by an international team of experts, this timely book is suitable for students, researchers and enthusiasts.
Exploring the Impact of Non-normality on Spatial Non-stationarity in Geographically Weighted Regression Analyses: Tobacco Outlet Density in New Jersey

The principal rationale for applying geographically weighted regression (GWR) techniques is to investigate the potential spatial non-stationarity of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables—i.e., that the same stimulus would provoke different responses in different locations. The calibration of GWR employs a geographically weighted local least squares regression approach. To obtain meaningful inference, it assumes that the regression residual follows a normal or asymptotically normal distribution. In many classical econometric analyses, the assumption of normality is often readily relaxed, although it has been observed that such relaxation might lead to unreliable inference of the estimated coefficients' statistical significance. No studies, however, have examined the behavior of residual non-normality and its consequences for the modeled relationships in GWR. This study attempts to address this issue for the first time by examining a set of tobacco-outlet-density and demographic variables (i.e., percent African American residents, percent Hispanic residents, and median household income) at the census tract level in New Jersey in a GWR analysis. The regression residual using the raw data is apparently non-normal. When GWR is estimated using the raw data, we find that there is no significant spatial variation of the coefficients between tobacco outlet density and percentage of African American and Hispanics. After transforming the dependent variable and making the residual asymptotically normal, all coefficients exhibit significant variation across space. This finding suggests that relaxation of the normality assumption could potentially conceal the spatial non-stationarity of the modeled relationships in GWR. The empirical evidence of the current study implies that researchers should verify the normality assumption prior to applying GWR techniques in analyses of spatial non-stationarity.
Bias reduction in short records of satellite soil moisture

Although surface soil moisture data from different sources (satellite retrievals, ground measurements, and land model integrations of observed meteorological forcing data) have been shown to contain consistent and useful information in their seasonal cycle and anomaly signals, they typically exhibit very different mean values and variability. These biases pose a severe obstacle to exploiting the useful information contained in satellite retrievals through data assimilation. A simple method of bias removal is to match the cumulative distribution functions (cdf) of the satellite and model data. However, accurate cdf estimation typically requires a long record of satellite data. We demonstrate here that by using spatial sampling with a 2 degree moving window we can obtain local statistics based on a one‐year satellite record that are a good approximation to those that would be derived from a much longer time series. This result should increase the usefulness of relatively short satellite data records.
Petrology and ion microprobe U‐Pb chronology applied to a metabasic intrusion in southern Sweden: A study on zircon formation during metamorphism and deformation

The Åker metabasite occupies a key position in a major tectonic lineament in southernmost Sweden, the Protogine Zone, which coincides closely with the eastern boundary of the late Mesoproterozoic Sveconorwegian orogen of southwest Scandinavia. Metamorphic reactions, associated with the transformation from isotropic gabbro to foliated garnet amphibolite, were identified from disequilibrium textures of which some involved release of zirconium (Zr) and growth of metamorphic zircon. Ion microprobe dating of igneous zircon gave 1562 ± 6 Ma, whereas metamorphic zircons yielded ages of 1437 ± 21, 1217 ± 75, and 1006 ± 68 Ma. The presence of baddeleyite pseudomorphs made up of saccharoidal zircon and a higher abundance of older rather than younger metamorphic zircons suggest redistribution of Zr into new zircon, first by the breakdown of baddeleyite (ZrO2) and later by the consumption of igneous phases containing trace amounts of Zr. Several generations of metamorphic zircon and the presence of 1.56 and 1.22 Ga mafic intrusions along the Protogine Zone call for a complex tectonic history probably reaching back to at least ∼1.56 Ga. Growth of metamorphic zircon at ∼1.44 Ga may relate to a regional, compressional event. The WNW trending deformational structures on both sides of the Protogine Zone may possibly relate to that event. The ∼1.22 Ga metamorphic zircons are coeval with the emplacement of numerous granitic, syenitic, and mafic intrusions along and parallel to the Protogine Zone. The age around 1.0 Ga, finally, marks Sveconorwegian metamorphism for which thermobarometry of the Åker garnet‐amphibolite suggests 1000–1200 MPa at 600°C–630°C. Thereafter, significant relative uplift of the rocks to the west of the Protogine Zone occurred on nearly vertical, north‐south trending deformation zones.
A novel approach to land-cover maps updating in complex scenarios based on multitemporal remote sensing images

Nowadays, an ever increasing number of multi-temporal images is available, giving the possibility of having with high temporal frequency information about the land-cover evolution on the ground. In general, the production of accurate land-cover maps requires the availability of reliable ground truth information on the considered area for each image to be classified. Unfortunately the rate of ground truth information collection will never equal the remote sensing image acquisition rate, making supervised classification unfeasible for land-cover maps updating. This problem has been faced according to domain adaptation methods that update land-cover maps under the assumption that: i) training data are available for one of the considered multi-temporal acquisitions while they are not for the others and ii) set of land-cover classes is same for all considered acquisitions. In real applications, the latter assumption represents a constraint which is often not satisfied due to possible changes occurred on the ground and associated with the presence of new classes or the absence of old classes in the new images. In this work, we propose an approach that removes this constraint by automatically identifying whether there exist differences between classes in multi-temporal images and properly handling these differences in the updating process. Experimental results on a real multi-temporal remote sensing data set confirm the effectiveness and the reliability of the proposed approach.
Interannual Variability and Seasonal Evolution of Summer Monsoon Rainfall in South America

Abstract The analysis of the interannual variability of the South American monsoon rainfall is carried out separately for austral spring and summer (and for November and January), based on a 40-yr station gauge dataset. Relationships between modes of variability in these seasons show the influence of antecedent conditions in spring (or November) on the evolution of the monsoon rainfall in peak summer (or January). In spring the first mode is dipolelike, with opposite loadings over central-eastern and southeastern South America. It is connected with ENSO. The second mode shows the highest loadings slightly south of the South Atlantic convergence zone. The leading mode of summer also features dipolelike oscillations between central-eastern and southeastern South America, but is not strongly connected with ENSO. The second mode represents the impact of ENSO, and the third is modulated by SST anomalies in the southern tropical Atlantic. Significant relationships are disclosed between the first dipolelike mode.
Hallmark Tourist Events: Impacts, Management and Planning

Introduction - defining hallmark events the nature and significance of hallmark events the economic impact of hallmark events "everybody loves a parade" - the social dimension of hallmark events the politics of hallmark events the management of hallmark events planning hallmark events marketing, sponsorship and image avoiding the hangover - a strategic approach to hosting hallmark events.
Mapping the local time‐universal time development of magnetospheric substorms using mid‐latitude magnetic observations

Contour maps of mid-latitude geomagnetic perturbations of both north-south and east-west field components have been created to study the variability of magnetospheric substorm development. The maps were obtained by subtracting quiet day variations from observations along a longitudinal chain of observatories; this procedure created smooth interpolations of the resulting local time profiles at equal increments of universal time. The results were then contoured in the local time-universal time plane. To isolate magnetic perturbations during substorm expansions, ‘normalized’ maps were created by first subtracting the local time profile at the onset of the expansion from all later profiles. Examples of substorm variability have been chosen to demonstrate multiple onsets and movement of bay activity either eastward or westward from the meridian of initial onset. The local time profile obtained from the normalized map at the peak of the expansion represents the mid-latitude effects of the final substorm current systems. These profiles match the magnetic effects of a simple model in which a portion of the tail current is diverted through the auroral ionosphere via field lines. These profiles are further used to compute substorm parameters that include the meridian of onset, the meridian of maximum bay development, the magnitude, and extent of the event. Such quantification allows for better description of substorm features than has previously been available.
Sedimentology and Geochemistry of Reef Flat Sediments, Suva, Fiji: Implications for Cement Manufacture

Carbonate sand and gravel dredged for cement production from the Nukubuco barrier reef at Laucala Bay near Suva, Fiji, have magnesium contents close to the acceptable limits for cement manufacture. The sediments are mainly fragments of coral, calcareous algae, molluscs, and foraminifera, with bulk MgO contents averaging 2.9 percent (usual range 2.5–4.5 percent). MgO comes partly from the foraminifer Marginopora vertebralis and rare echinoderm fragments, but mainly from calcareous red algae. Selectively dredging areas with lower magnesium content is difficult because of the unpredictable distribution of high-magnesium clasts; however, the magnesium content of the sediment can be reduced after dredging in two ways. Because larger clasts have higher MgO content, removal of grain sizes coarser than 1 mm (0.0 ϕ) by sieving lowered the MgO level by up to 0.2 percentage points (from 3.5 percent to 3.3 percent on average), but this gave inconsistent results and led to the loss of 25 to 50 percent of the raw material. Abrasion of larger clasts by tumbling to remove encrusting red algae rapidly and consistently lowered MgO values by 0.6 percentage points (from average 4.1 percent to average 3.5 percent), with loss of only 3 to 4 percent of the initial raw material to produce magnesium-rich lime residues. This efficiency is caused by the selective removal of outer, algal-encrusted and high-magnesium layers of the clasts, which are already weakened by natural processes of bio-erosion. Results should be widely applicable wherever tropical carbonates are used for cement manufacture. The technique should be readily scalable to commercial levels and has the potential to greatly reduce the amounts of reef material dredged.
Effects of compositional variation on absorption spectra of lunar pyroxenes

Polarized absorption spectra of lunar pyroxenes with a range of iron, calcium, magnesium, titanium and chromium contents were measured on polished, oriented single crystals; spectral data on pure synthetic FeSiO3 were also recorded. The bands at 1 and 2 microns were found to vary significantly in position with composition within the pyroxene quadrilateral; wavelengths increased with increasing calcium and iron. In the visible region, a weak band at 640 nm correlates in intensity with Cr2O3, but not with titanium as had been previously suggested. The 505-nm ferrous iron peak is a sharp doublet in most low-calcium pyroxenes but a singlet in augites. A peak at 475 nm and an intense absorption edge below 700 nm correlated with titanium content.
Sensitivity of floodplain geoecology to human impact: A Holocene perspective for the headwaters of the Dijle catchment, central Belgium

Floodplain deposition rates have increased markedly under influence of human impact throughout the late Holocene in many western and central European catchments. Consequently the geomorphology and ecology of many floodplains changed. In this study we discuss this human impact and its influence on the floodplain geoecology during the middle and late Holocene for the headwaters of the Dijle catchment, located in the Belgian loess belt. The floodplain geoecology and the regional vegetation was reconstructed from sedimentological and palynological analyses. An age–depth model for the studied sequences was obtained using 17 radiocarbon dates. Statistical analyses of the pollen data (cluster analysis and canonical correspondence analysis) were used to detect changes in the pollen record. Our data show that until c. 2500 cal. BP, human impact was nearly absent or localized with no discernible influence on the floodplain geoecology. The floodplain was in a stable phase and consisted of a marshy environment where organic material could accumulate, which is interpreted as the natural state of the floodplain. From c. 2500 cal. BP onwards, human impact gradually increased. However, only when human impact in the catchment crossed a threshold around 500 cal. BP, the floodplain geoecology changed with clearing of the Alder carr forest, the establishment of a single channel river and the dominance of minerogenic overbank sedimentation. Spatial variability in the coupling between increasing human impact and changes in floodplain geoecology can be attributed to differences in hillslope–floodplain connectivity and local differences in human impact.
Lustre Recipes from A Medieval Workshop in Paterna

The discovery of the workshop ‘Les Olleries Xiques’ in Paterna has provided a unique opportunity to analyse the raw materials, and in particular the recipes used in the production of the lustre decorations. Chemical and phase analyses of lustre raw materials and of lustre decorations belonging to the workshop pottery are shown. A comparison with existing ancient documentation on lustre recipes is also presented.
Modeling elastic anisotropy resulting from the application of triaxial stress

ABSTRACTElastic wave velocities in rocks vary with stress due to the presence of discontinuities and microcracks within the rock. We analytically derived a model to account for stress dependency of seismic velocities when a rock is subjected to triaxial stresses. We first considered a linearly isotropic elastic medium permeated by a distribution of cracks with random orientations. The geometry of cracks is not specified; instead, their behavior is defined by a ratio B of their normal to tangential excess compliances. When this isotropic rock is subjected to triaxial stresses, cracks tend to close depending on their orientation with respect to the applied stresses. For small stresses, the model predicts ellipsoidal anisotropy and expresses the ratios of Thomsen’s parameters ϵ/γ in the three orthogonal planes of symmetry as a function of the compliance and Poisson’s ratios. It also establishes relationships between anisotropy parameters and stress ratios. Deriving the model for larger stresses shows that su.