Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunological studies in mice with swine edema disease principle (neurotoxin).

Summary Crude E. D. P. (neurotoxin) was prepared from E. coli serogroup O 139. Two fractions, endotoxin and neurotoxin respectively, were separated by Sepharose 6 B gelfiltration. The ability of these preparations to immunize mice was evaluated in two ways: 1. induction of a hypsersensitivity state and 2. induction of protection. The results indicated that parenteral administration of crude E. D. P. or partially purified E. D. P. conferred significant protection against the “neurotoxin” effects of challenge inoculations. However, the induction of an active protection in the mouse model was complicated by anaphylactic reactions. Zusammenfassung Immunologische Untersuchungen bei Mausen mit dem “Schweine-Odemkrankheit-Prinzip” (Neurotoxin) “Rohes” E. D. P. (Neurotoxin) wurde aus E. coli-Stammen der O-Gruppe 139 zubereitet. Die zwei Fraktionen Endotoxin und (bzw. Neurotoxin wurden durch Sepharose 6 B Gel-Filtration aufgetrennt. Die immunisierenden Eigenschaften dieser Praparationen wurden bei Mausen unter folgenden Aspekten gepruft: 1. Induktion eines Uberempfindlichkeitstatus und 2. Induktion eines Schutzes. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, das die parenterale Verabreichung von “rohem” E. D. P. oder teilweise gereinigtem E. D. P. zu einem deutlichen Schutz gegenuber dem neurotoxischen Effekt der Belastungsinokulation fuhrte. Die Induktion des aktiven Schutzes im Maus-Modell wurde jedoch durch anaphy-laktische Reaktionen kompliziert. Resume Recherches immunologiques chez des souris avec le principe de la maladie de l'oedeme du porc (neurotoxine) Une neurotoxine (E. D. P.) a ete preparee a partir de souches d'E. coli du groupe O 139. Les deux fractions endotoxine et neurotoxine furent separees par filtration sur gel avec sepharose 6 B. Les proprietes immunisantes de ces deux preparations ont ete testees sur souris selon les aspects suivants: 1. Induction d'un statut d'hypersensibilite et 2. Induction d'une protection. Les resultats ont montre que l'application parenterale d'E. D. P. brut ou partiellement purifie a donne une nette protection vis-a-vis de l'effect neurotoxique d'une inoculation experimentale. L'induction d'une immunite active chez la souris fut toutefois complique par des reactions anaphylactiques. Resumen Estudios inmulologicos en ratones con el «principio de la enfermedad del edema porcino» (neurotoxina) Se elaboro una E. D. P. «cruda» (neurotoxina) a partir de estirpes E. coli del grupo O 139. Las dos fracciones endotoxina y (resp.) neurotoxina se separaron mediante filtracion por gelosa Sepharosa 6 B. Las propiedades inmunizantes de estas preparaciones se examinaron en ratones bajo los aspectos siguientes: 1. Induccion de un estado de hipersensi-bilidad e 2. Induccion de una proteccion. Los resultados mostraron que la administracion parenteral de E. D. P. «cruda» o E. D. P. purificada en parte conducia a una proteccion manifiesta frente al efecto neurotoxico de la inoculacion de sobrecargo. Sin embargo, la induccion de proteccion activa en el modelo raton se hallaba complicada por reacciones anafilacticas.
A Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Region of Interest for 3D Image

A digital watermarking algorithm based on depth perceptual region of interest (DP-ROI) for copyright protection of three dimension (3D) images is proposed. First, DP-ROI is defined according to the three-dimensional depth sensation of human visual system and extracted through depth image and gray image. Then, gray image is transformed with discrete cosine transformation (DCT). Several middle frequency DCT coefficients in DP-ROI are adjusted with smaller strength to embed watermark. Finally, by computing the correlation of DCT middle frequency coefficients, and blind watermark is extracted. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking algorithm has good robustness against image processing attacks, such as JPEG compression, Gaussian noise addition through selection of watermark embedding strength.
ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation

Authors/Task Force Members: Ph. Gabriel Steg (Chairperson) (France)*, Stefan K. James (Chairperson) (Sweden)*, Dan Atar (Norway), Luigi P. Badano (Italy), Carina Blomstrom Lundqvist (Sweden), Michael A. Borger (Germany), Carlo Di Mario (United Kingdom), Kenneth Dickstein (Norway), Gregory Ducrocq (France), Francisco Fernandez-Aviles (Spain), Anthony H. Gershlick (United Kingdom), Pantaleo Giannuzzi (Italy), Sigrun Halvorsen (Norway), Kurt Huber (Austria), Peter Juni (Switzerland), Adnan Kastrati (Germany), Juhani Knuuti (Finland), Mattie J. Lenzen (Netherlands), Kenneth W. Mahaffey (USA), Marco Valgimigli (Italy), Arnoud van’t Hof (Netherlands), Petr Widimsky (Czech Republic), Doron Zahger (Israel)
Visual simulation of weathering by γ-ton tracing

Weathering modeling introduces blemishes such as dirt, rust, cracks and scratches to virtual scenery. In this paper we present a visual stimulation technique that works well for a wide variety of weathering phenomena. Our technique, called γ-ton tracing, is based on a type of aging-inducing particles called γ-tons. Modeling a weathering effect with γ-ton tracing involves tracing a large number of γ-tons through the scene in a way similar to photon tracing and then generating the weathering effect using the recorded γ-ton transport information. With this technique, we can produce weathering effects that are customized to the scene geometry and tailored to the weathering sources. Several effects that are challenging for existing techniques can be readily captured by γ-ton tracing. These include global transport effects. or "stainbleeding". γ-ton tracing also enables visual simulations of complex multi-weathering effects. Lastly γ-ton tracing can generate weathering effects that not only involve texture changes but also large-scale geometry changes. We demonstrate our technique with a variety of examples.
Collective reflection in practice: an ethnographic study of Swedish police training

Abstract Although reflection has been viewed as an individual process, increased attention has been given to how reflective processes are socially anchored. The present article contributes to this knowledge through an examination of how collective reflection is enacted in the context of police education. The article is based on a one-year ethnographic study of police recruits undergoing training, and the main sources of data collection were participant observations and field interviews. The data were inductively analysed, and a model that differentiates amongst ‘specular’, ‘dialogic’ and ‘polyphonic’ reflection processes is presented. The findings suggest that collective reflection involving multiple individuals adds complexity to reflective processes and that these processes may take on more diverse forms than has been acknowledged, as previous research has mainly focused on dialogic collective reflection. The implications of these findings, such as how increased complexity may counteract the benefits of collective reflection, are also discussed.
Timing and power fluctuations on gate-all-around nanowire CMOS circuit induced by various sources of random discrete dopants

Random dopant fluctuation (RDF) is one of fluctuation sources in sub-7-nm semiconductor technology node. In this paper, we estimate the timing and power fluctuations on 10- nm-gate gate-all-around (GAA) silicon nanowire (NW) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuit induced by various random discrete dopants (RDDs) from channel (with/without doping), source/drain (S/D) extensions and penetration from S/D extensions. The 3D quantum mechanical transport and non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) models were used for the NW CMOS circuit. The experimentally validated device simulation indicates that at a similar threshold voltage, CMOS devices without channel doping possess 49.5% reduction on the normalized fluctuation of the static power consumption due to the reduction of σVth and σIoff. The normalized fluctuation of dynamic power is comparable with/without channel doping due to small variation of the gate capacitance. Because of reduction of σIsat, the normalized fluctuation of short-circuit power of CMOS circuit was reduced from 21.7% to 10.2% without channel doping. And, we found that the fluctuations of the timing, noise margin (NM) and power consumption of the NW CMOS circuit follow the trend of σVth. From the point of view of N-/P-type NW MOSFETs caused by RDF, this study may show the fluctuation of CMOS circuit performance highly influenced by the key parameters of N-/P-type NW MOSFETs.
Sepsis resuscitation guideline implementation in the Department of Emergency Medicine, Siriraj Hospital.

BACKGROUND Sepsis management guidelines have been implemented in the Emergency Department, Siriraj Hospital since 2005. OBJECTIVE Assess the impact ofsepsis resuscitation guidelines on the mortality ofpatients after implementation. MATERIAL AND METHOD A prospective cohort study was conducted in the Emergency Department, Siriraj Hospital between January 12 and October 2, 2011. Patients aged older than 18 years old were included The baseline data and the extent of goal achievement were recorded The primary outcome was the 30-day mortality rate. RESULTS One hundredfortyfour patients (34% severe sepsis, 66% septic shock) were included The overall 30-day mortality was 39.6%. Antibiotics were administered within I hour in 52.2% of the patients. At least I or at least 2 therapeutic goals were accomplished in 86.8% and 50.7% of patients, respectively, and the achievement of at least 2 goals was associated with lower mortality (adjusted OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.19-0.89). Two patients (1.4%) completely achieved goals within 6 hours. Respiratory failure requiring endotracheal tube insertion was associated with higher mortality (adjusted OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.32-7.38). CONCLUSION The 30-day mortality was 39.6%. The achievement of at least 2 goals was associated with lower mortality. Endotracheal tube insertion was associated with higher mortality.
Location Verification Systems for VANETs in Rician Fading Channels

In this paper, we propose and examine location verification systems (LVSs) for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) in the realistic setting of Rician fading channels. In our LVSs, a single authorized base station (BS) equipped with multiple antennas aims to detect a malicious vehicle that is spoofing its claimed location. We first determine the optimal attack strategy of the malicious vehicle, which, in turn, allows us to analyze the optimal LVS performance as a function of the Rician K- factor of the channel between the BS and a legitimate vehicle. Our analysis also allows us to formally prove that the LVS performance limit is independent of the properties of the channel between the BS and the malicious vehicle, provided the malicious vehicle's antenna number is above a specified value. We also investigate how tracking information on a vehicle quantitatively improves the detection performance of an LVS, showing how optimal performance is obtained under the assumption of the tracking length being randomly selected. The work presented here can be readily extended to multiple BS scenarios and, therefore, forms the foundation for all optimal location authentication schemes within the context of Rician fading channels. Our study closes important gaps in the current understanding of LVS performance within the context of VANETs and will be of practical value to certificate revocation schemes within IEEE 1609.2.
Isolation and characterization of mutant CHO cell lines with compartment-specific resistance to brefeldin A

22 CHOBFY (BFY) cell lines were isolated at a frequency 2-30 x 10(-7) from mutagenized populations on the basis of their ability to grow in the presence of 1 microgram/ml brefeldin A (BFA). Four of the five mutant lines tested are genetically stable and none of the mutant lines characterized degrade this drug. Immunofluorescence studies reveal that whereas early endosomes and the Golgi complex have nearly identical BFA sensitivities in the parent CHO line, the relative sensitivities of these two organelles were dramatically altered in all six mutant lines tested. Four cell lines maintain normal Golgi appearance at a BFA concentration as high as 10 micrograms/ml. Mutant lines show wide variation in the level of resistance to growth inhibition by BFA, but none of the mutant lines characterized grow above 2 micrograms/ml BFA. This specific growth inhibition is observed under conditions where Golgi morphology and function remain unaffected, suggesting that some factor(s) unrelated to Golgi function remains sensitive to BFA in BFY mutant lines. These observations provide strong evidence for the presence of multiple, organelle-specific targets for BFA. Cell-free measurements with membrane extracts establish that resistance to BFA in BFY-1 cells involves a membrane-associated factor distinct from ARFs and coatomers. This collection of mutant lines may prove valuable for the identification of intracellular target(s) for BFA and/or of effectors that interact upstream or downstream with these targets, thereby uncovering the cascade which regulates assembly of organelle- specific coats.
Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of Silicon Carbide Fibers Derived from Polycarbosilane

Polycarbosilane-derived SiC fibers (CG Nicalon, Hi-Nicalon, and Hi-Nicalon type S) were exposed for 1–100 h at 1273–1673 K in air. Oxide layer growth and changes in tensile strength for these fibers were examined after exposure. The three types of SiC fibers decreased in strength as the oxide layer thickness increased. Fracture origins were located near the oxide layer–fiber interface. The Hi-Nicalon type S showed better oxidation resistance than the other polycarbosilane-derived SiC fibers after exposure in air at 1673 K for 10 h. This result was attributed to the nature of the silicon oxide layer on the surface of the SiC fibers.
OlsG (Sinac_1600) Is an Ornithine Lipid N-Methyltransferase from the Planctomycete Singulisphaera acidiphila*

Background: Ornithine lipids (OLs) are bacteria-specific membrane lipids involved in stress response and can be covalently modified. Results: The methyltransferase Sinac_1600 (OlsG) responsible for OL N-methylation is identified and characterized. Conclusion: OlsG is responsible for a new type of OL modification. Significance: A synthesis pathway for N-methylated OL is revealed. Ornithine lipids (OLs) are phosphorus-free membrane lipids widespread in bacteria but absent from archaea and eukaryotes. In addition to the unmodified OLs, a variety of OL derivatives hydroxylated in different structural positions has been reported. Recently, methylated derivatives of OLs were described in several planctomycetes isolated from a peat bog in Northern Russia, although the gene/enzyme responsible for the N-methylation of OL remained obscure. Here we identify and characterize the OL N-methyltransferase OlsG (Sinac_1600) from the planctomycete Singulisphaera acidiphila. When OlsG is co-expressed with the OL synthase OlsF in Escherichia coli, methylated OL derivatives are formed. An in vitro characterization shows that OlsG is responsible for the 3-fold methylation of the terminal δ-nitrogen of OL. Methylation is dependent on the presence of the detergent Triton X-100 and the methyldonor S-adenosylmethionine.
Community-associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Canada

A total of 184 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were collected from patients who sought treatment primarily for skin and soft tissue infections from January 1, 1999, to March 31, 2002, in east-central Saskatchewan, Canada. Molecular subtyping analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed 2 major clusters. Cluster A (n = 55) was composed of a multidrug-resistant MRSA strain associated with a long-term care facility and was similar to the previously reported nosocomial Canadian epidemic strain labeled CMRSA-2. Cluster B (n = 125) was associated with cases identified at community health centers and was indistinguishable from a community-associated (CA)-MRSA strain identified previously in the United States (USA400). Cluster B remained susceptible to a number of classes of antimicrobial agents and harbored the lukF-PV and lukS-PV toxin genes. Over 50% of both clonal groups displayed high-level resistance to mupirocin. This is the first report of the USA400 strain harboring the lukF-PV and lukS-PV toxin genes in Canada.
Frequency of Early-Stage Lymphedema and Risk Factors in Postoperative Patients with Breast Cancer.

OBJECTIVE Lymphedema is a chronic major complication that is seen frequently post-operatively and has negative effects on quality of life. In our study, determining the early-stage postoperative lymphedema frequency and specifying the risk factors in its development has been aimed. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred one cases that were operated on for breast cancer were evaluated regarding the 12-month control of their clinical specifications, histopathological specifications, and specifications related with the surgical intervention retrospectively. The data related to the parameters envisioned as risk factors were evaluated. RESULTS Lymphedema development was found in 7 (6.9%) out of 101 cases constituting the study group. No significant difference (p>0.05) in terms of lymphedema development was determined among age, body mass index (BMI), chemotherapy (CT), postoperative seroma or infection, mastectomy with the dominant arm, and breast-conserving surgery (BCS), which were evaluated as risk factors. There was a significance (p<0.05) between the other risk factors, which were axillary dissection (AD), number of positive lymph nodes (LN), radiotherapy (RT), the tumor size (T), and lymphedema existence. In every case in which lymphedema was determined, it was seen that there was axillary LN involvement and 15≤LN were ablated in the dissection (p<0.05). CONCLUSION It is seen that AD, RT applied to the breast cancer patients, and T are important risk factors in early-stage lymphedema development. No early-stage lymphedema development was determined in any of the patients to whom sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) was applied.
Development of a 3D Vision Coordinates Measurement System Using Planar Target

Three-dimension vision coordinates measurement presents many virtues such as high accuracy, flexible construction, simple operation, large measuring range and high measuring speed. So it has become a hot spot of application and research in many fields such as manufacturing, reverse engineering and computer aided surgery. In this paper, a 3D vision coordinates measurement system based on binocular stereo vision and a planar target has been designed and set up. The system’s composing and measuring principles are discussed. The geometric model and detail design of the planar target, which is one of the main factors affecting the system’s measuring stability and accuracy, are presented. A new algorithm for target calibration is proposed. The location and orientation of the planar target can be reconstructed according to rigid geometric transformation. Further results of calibration and measurement are verified experimentally, and a high geometrical accuracy can be achieved.
Safety and Efficacy of Statin Therapy in Patients Switched From Cyclosporine A to Sirolimus After Cardiac Transplantation

Introduction. Statins are an established therapy after cardiac transplantation. Sirolimus (Srl) has been used successfully in cardiac transplant patients. However, potential side effects are hyperlipidemia and interactions with statins. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of statin therapy after switch to a Srl-based immunosuppression. Patients and Methods. Ninety-eight long-term patients were switched from Cyclosporine A to Srl. Also all patients received mycophenolate mofetil alone or mycophenolate mofetil plus steroid therapy. Reasons for switch were renal dysfunction, graftvasculopathy, or skin cancer. Patients were switched 7.8±4.7 years after transplant. Total observation period was 12 months before and after switch, respectively. Safety evaluation consisted of regular measurements of CPK and liver enzymes to evaluate the incidence myopathy and hepatoxicity. Efficacy analysis was performed by serial blood lipid assessments (low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglycerides). Results. Forty-three percentage of patients received atorvastatin, 38% pravastatin, and 18% other drugs or therapy changes. Most lipid blood levels increased significantly after switch (cholesterol: 192.9±38.6 mg/dL vs. 221.8±49.2 mg/dL, P<0.0001; low-density lipoprotein: 108.0±35.6 mg/dL vs. 123.8±37.9 mg/dL, P<0.0001; and triglycerides: 178.3±88.2 mg/dL vs. 225.5±139.1 mg/dL, P<0.0001). Blood lipid levels after switch were not associated with statin type. Overall safety was acceptable, although incidence of myopathy doubled after switch (n=20 vs. 40; P<0.01). However, most cases were asymptomatic CPK elevations in the pravastatin group. Hepatotoxicity rate was 4% and only temporary. Conclusion. Statin therapy after switch from cyclosporine A to Srl in long-term cardiac transplant patients is safe. However, regular testing of blood lipids and CPK should be mandatory.
Working memory and number line representations in single-digit addition: Approximate versus exact, nonsymbolic versus symbolic

How do kindergarteners solve different single-digit addition problem formats? We administered problems that differed solely on the basis of two dimensions: response type (approximate or exact), and stimulus type (nonsymbolic, i.e., dots, or symbolic, i.e., Arabic numbers). We examined how performance differs across these dimensions, and which cognitive mechanism (mental model, transcoding, or phonological storage) underlies performance in each problem format with respect to working memory (WM) resources and mental number line representations. As expected, nonsymbolic problem formats were easier than symbolic ones. The visuospatial sketchpad was the primary predictor of nonsymbolic addition. Symbolic problem formats were harder because they either required the storage and manipulation of quantitative symbols phonologically or taxed more WM resources than their nonsymbolic counterparts. In symbolic addition, WM and mental number line results showed that when an approximate response was needed, children transcoded the information to the nonsymbolic code. When an exact response was needed, however, they phonologically stored numerical information in the symbolic code. Lastly, we found that more accurate symbolic mental number line representations were related to better performance in exact addition problem formats, not the approximate ones. This study extends our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying children's simple addition skills.
Detection of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in dried skimmed milk: use of the polymerase chain reaction for amplification and detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes entB and entC1 and the thermonuclease gene nuc

The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the staphylococcal enterotoxin B and C genes (entB and entC1) and the staphylococcal nuclease gene (nuc). Two sets of primers ("nested primers") were found to be necessary for the detection of low copy numbers of purified DNA in diluent. These allowed detection of ca. 1 fg of purified target DNA, while 100 pg was required before detection of entB, entC1, and nuc with single primer pairs was possible. With nested primers, enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus cells could be detected in artificially contaminated dried skimmed milk samples at levels of ca. 10(5) CFU ml-1 within 8 h. No cross-reaction was observed between the highly homologous entB and entC1 genes. The method showed total specificity for entC1 when tested against a wide variety of other bacteria.