Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The coarse Helly property, hierarchical hyperbolicity, and semihyperbolicity

We relate three classes of nonpositively curved metric spaces: hierarchically hyperbolic spaces, coarsely Helly spaces, and strongly shortcut spaces. We show that any hierarchically hyperbolic space admits a new metric that is coarsely Helly. The new metric is quasi-isometric to the original metric and is preserved under automorphisms of the hierarchically hyperbolic space. We show that any coarsely Helly metric space of uniformly bounded geometry is strongly shortcut. Consequently, hierarchically hyperbolic groups---including mapping class groups of surfaces---are coarsely Helly and coarsely Helly groups are strongly shortcut. Using these results we deduce several important properties of hierarchically hyperbolic groups, including that they are semihyperbolic, have solvable conjugacy problem, are of type $FP_{\infty}$, have finitely many conjugacy classes of finite subgroups, and their finitely generated abelian subgroups are undistorted. Along the way we show that hierarchically quasiconvex subgroups of hierarchically hyperbolic groups have bounded packing.
Tai Chi as a Physiotherapeutic Approach against Osteoarthritis and Oxidative Stress

1 Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay Health School, Department of Public Health Nursing, Hatay, Turkey 2 Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Hatay, Turkey 3 Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Hatay, Turkey 4 Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hatay, Turkey
Impact of Job Satisfaction on Quality of Care Among Nurses on the Public Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan

Patient satisfaction is an integral part of the quality care in health care setting and also a very important factor to measure the quality nursing care. Satisfaction is a fundamental concept that depends upon various factors such as patients' past experience with the nursing care, their future expectation from nurses and social, ethical and moral values of the individuals. Hospital organization directly depends upon their patients; more patients were come when they were treat with the best quality of care. Now a day’s nurses are responsible for providing quality of care to patients but unfortunately they are not satisfied with their jobs due to following factors like: stress, workload, and unsafe working environment. This increases mortality and co morbidity rate and serious adverse events in the world. Quantitative descriptive correlational design was use in this study. The main aim of descriptive correlational study is to check the association between nurse’s job satisfaction and quality of care and factors which affecting on quality of care. Data analyzed by SPSS version 21.Sample size was 222 by convenience sample technique, 5 point scale likert scale questionnaire was used. Data collected by Register Nurses of Jinnah hospital Lahore, Pakistan. This study found that nurses’ job satisfaction and quality of care are positively correlated. 68.5% of participants believed the quality of care they provided was affected by employee job satisfaction. The finding of this study concluded that there was a positive correlation relationship between nurses’ job satisfaction and quality of care they deliver. This study also proves that work load, stress and unsafe work environment were main factors which effect on quality of care.
Pollen evidence for late-Holocene climatic

10 11 Abstract: A pollen record is presented from Laguna de Aculeo (33 500S, 70 550W, 360m a.s.l.) that docu12 ments important vegetation changes over the last 2500 cal. yr in Central Chile. Grasses, composites, trees, 13 paludal and aquatic taxa dominated the Aculeo watershed between 2500 and 100 cal. yr BP under a humid 14 climate. Large amplitude fluctuations of pollen and microalgal accumulation rates and numerous turbidite 15 layers during this interval, however, suggest high precipitation variability probably linked to El Ni~ no16 Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Although the expansion of warm sclerophyllous forest taxa over 7 the last 100 years could be interpreted as an onset of a drier and warmer climate, this trend was more likely 18 linked to human activities in the watershed. High accumulation rates of microscopic charcoal particles, 19 exotic pollen taxa, and a shift from oligo-mesotrophic to hypereutrophic indicators would seem to back 20 the latter hypothesis.
Overdensity of SMGs in fields containing z ∼ 0.3 galaxies: magnification bias and the implications for studies of galaxy evolution

We report a remarkable over-density of high-redshift submillimetre galaxies (SMG), 4-7 times the background, around a statistically complete sample of twelve 250-micron selected galaxies at z=0.35, which were targeted by ALMA in a study of gas tracers. This over-density is consistent with the effect of lensing by the halos hosting the target z=0.35 galaxies. The angular cross-correlation in this sample is consistent with statistical measures of this effect made using larger sub-mm samples. The magnitude of the over-density as a function of radial separation is consistent with intermediate scale lensing by halos of order 7x 10^{13} M_o, which should host one or possibly two bright galaxies and several smaller satellites. This is supported by observational evidence of interaction with satellites in four out of the six fields with SMG, and membership of a spectroscopically defined group for a fifth. We also investigate the impact of these SMG on the reported Herschel fluxes of the z=0.35 galaxies, as they produce significant contamination in the 350 and 500-micron Herschel bands. The higher than random incidence of these boosting events implies a significantly larger bias in the sub-mm colours of Herschel sources associated with z<0.7 galaxies than has previously been assumed, with f_boost = 1.13, 1.26, 1.44 at 250, 350 and 500-microns. This could have implications for studies of spectral energy distributions, source counts and luminosity functions based on Herschel samples at z=0.2-0.7.
Endogenous acidification of the inhibitory synapse : proton amplification of GABAA-mediated neurotransmission

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgetown University, 2009. ; Includes bibliographical references. Maintenance of external pH is critical to ensuring proper CNS function. Recent work in excitatory transmission suggests that in vivo synaptic proton buffering is not sufficient to rigidly maintain an extracellular pH of 7.4. To extend this work to inhibitory synapses, I recorded miniature GABA inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSCs) from cultured rat cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) under varying pH and proton buffering conditions. Consistent with previous findings in rat hippocampal neurons, mIPSCs recorded from CGCs under rigid extracellular pH control (achieved by using 24 mM HEPES) exhibited an inverse relationship between extracellular pH and event size, such that raising pH from 6.8 to 8.0 resulted in a nearly 50% decrease in charge transfer. Kinetically, alkalinization sped both the mIPSC rise-time and fast component of decay while slowing the slow component. More intriguingly, I found that while maintaining external pH at 7.4, increasing the proton buffering capacity of the extracellular solution from 3 mM to 24 mM HEPES mimicked changes in amplitude and kinetics consistent with alkalinization. Supplementing physiological buffer concentrations (24 mM HCO3-/5% CO2) with 10 mM HEPES also reduced mIPSCs in a manner consistent with alkalinization, providing further support of an endogenous acidifying force at the synapse. In this study, I found evidence that the Na+/H+ ion exchanger (NHE) is the source of this synaptic acidification. Inhibition of the exchanger with either amiloride (20 μM) or replacement of extracellular sodium with lithium also resulted in mIPSC inhibition consistent with alkalinization. The effects of increased proton buffering via HEPES and NHE inhibition via amiloride were negated by acidification to pH 6.8. Furthermore, the effects of NHE inhibition on mIPSCs was confirmed in 24 mM HCO3-/5% CO2 buffering. Furthermore, I found that NHE inhibition with 1mM lithium in physiological buffering conditions was sufficient to cause significant reduction in mIPSCs. These results provide strong evidence that endogenous acidification of the GABAergic synapse via the Na+/H+ exchanger is of sufficient magnitude to enhance inhibitory neurotransmission.
Large deviations in the quantum quasi-1D jellium

Wigner's jellium is a model for a gas of electrons. The model consists of $N$ unit negatively charged particles lying in a sea of neutralizing homogeneous positive charge spread out according to Lebesgue measure, and interactions are governed by the Coulomb potential. In this work we consider the quantum jellium on quasi-one-dimensional spaces with Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. Using the Feynman-Kac representation, we replace particle locations with Brownian bridges. We then adapt the approach of Leble and Serfaty (2017) to prove a process-level large deviation principle for the empirical fields of the Brownian bridges.
High Metal Content of Highly Accreting Quasars

We present an analysis of UV spectra of 13 quasars believed to belong to extreme Population A (xA) quasars, aimed at the estimation of the chemical abundances of the broad-line-emitting gas. Metallicity estimates for the broad-line-emitting gas of quasars are subject to a number of caveats; xA sources with the strongest Fe ii emission offer several advantages with respect to the quasar general population, as their optical and UV emission lines can be interpreted as the sum of a low-ionization component roughly at quasar rest frame (from virialized gas), plus a blueshifted excess (a disk wind), in different physical conditions. Capitalizing on these results, we analyze the component at rest frame and the blueshifted one, exploiting the dependence of several intensity line ratios on metallicity Z. We find that the validity of intensity line ratios as metallicity indicators depends on the physical conditions. We apply the measured diagnostic ratios to estimate the physical properties of sources such as density, ionization, and metallicity of the gas. Our results confirm that the two regions (the low-ionization component and the blueshifted excess) of different dynamical conditions also show different physical conditions and suggest metallicity values that are high, and probably the highest along the quasar main sequence, with Z ∼ 20−50 Z ⊙, if the solar abundance ratios can be assumed constant. We found some evidence of an overabundance of aluminum with respect to carbon, possibly due to selective enrichment of the broad-line-emitting gas by supernova ejecta.
Think before you act: A simple baseline for compositional generalization

Contrarily to humans who have the ability to recombine familiar expressions to create novel ones, modern neural networks struggle to do so. This has been emphasized recently with the introduction of the benchmark dataset "gSCAN" (Ruis et al. 2020), aiming to evaluate models' performance at compositional generalization in grounded language understanding. In this work, we challenge the gSCAN benchmark by proposing a simple model that achieves surprisingly good performance on two of the gSCAN test splits. Our model is based on the observation that, to succeed on gSCAN tasks, the agent must (i) identify the target object (think) before (ii) navigating to it successfully (act). Concretely, we propose an attention-inspired modification of the baseline model from (Ruis et al. 2020), together with an auxiliary loss, that takes into account the sequential nature of steps (i) and (ii). While two compositional tasks are trivially solved with our approach, we also find that the other tasks remain unsolved, validating the relevance of gSCAN as a benchmark for evaluating models' compositional abilities.
Collisions of random walks in dynamic random environments

We study dynamic random conductance models on $\mathbb{Z}^2$ in which the environment evolves as a reversible Markov process that is stationary under space-time shifts. We prove under a second moment assumption that two conditionally independent random walks in the same environment collide infinitely often almost surely. These results apply in particular to random walks on dynamical percolation.
Hints for Icy Pebble Migration Feeding an Oxygen-rich Chemistry in the Inner Planet-forming Region of Disks

We present a synergic study of protoplanetary disks to investigate links between inner-disk gas molecules and the large-scale migration of solid pebbles. The sample includes 63 disks where two types of measurements are available: (1) spatially resolved disk images revealing the radial distribution of disk pebbles (millimeter to centimeter dust grains), from millimeter observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array or the Submillimeter Array, and (2) infrared molecular emission spectra as observed with Spitzer. The line flux ratios of H2O with HCN, C2H2, and CO2 all anticorrelate with the dust disk radius Rdust, expanding previous results found by Najita et al. for HCN/H2O and the dust disk mass. By normalization with the dependence on accretion luminosity common to all molecules, only the H2O luminosity maintains a detectable anticorrelation with disk radius, suggesting that the strongest underlying relation is between H2O and Rdust. If Rdust is set by large-scale pebble drift, and if molecular luminosities trace the elemental budgets of inner-disk warm gas, these results can be naturally explained with scenarios where the inner disk chemistry is fed by sublimation of oxygen-rich icy pebbles migrating inward from the outer disk. Anticorrelations are also detected between all molecular luminosities and the infrared index n13–30, which is sensitive to the presence and size of an inner-disk dust cavity. Overall, these relations suggest a physical interconnection between dust and gas evolution, both locally and across disk scales. We discuss fundamental predictions to test this interpretation and study the interplay between pebble drift, inner disk depletion, and the chemistry of planet-forming material.
G133.50+9.01: a likely cloud–cloud collision complex triggering the formation of filaments, cores, and a stellar cluster

We present compelling observational evidence of G133.50+9.01 being a bona fide cloud-cloud collision candidate with signatures of induced filament, core, and cluster formation. The CO molecular line observations reveal that the G133.50+9.01 complex is made of two colliding molecular clouds with systemic velocities, -16.9 km s-1 and -14.1 km s-1. The intersection of the clouds is characterised by broad bridging features characteristic of collision. The morphology of the shocked layer at the interaction front resembles an arc like structure with enhanced excitation temperature and H2 column density. A complex network of filaments is detected in the SCUBA 850 {\mu}m image with 14 embedded dense cores, all well correlated spatially with the shocked layer. A stellar cluster revealed through an over-density of identified Class I and II young stellar objects is found located along the arc in the intersection region corroborating with a likely collision induced origin.
Transoceanic dispersal and cryptic diversity in a cosmopolitan rafting nudibranch

Abstract. The aeolid nudibranch Fiona pinnata (Eschscholtz, 1831) is an obligate rafter that occurs exclusively on macroalgal rafts and other floating substrata, and has a seemingly cosmopolitan marine distribution. Mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA sequence data were generated from specimens collected worldwide to test for global connectivity in this species. Phylogeographic analyses revealed three divergent mtDNA lineages, two of which were abundant and widespread. One of these lineages has an apparent circumequatorial distribution, whereas the other may have an antitropical distribution within the Pacific Ocean. Low genetic divergences within each lineage suggest that rafting can mediate dispersal across transoceanic scales. A third, highly divergent, lineage was detected in a single Indonesian specimen. Broadly concordant phylogeographic relationships were detected for the nuclear ITS1 region, with distinct tropical versus antitropical lineages observed. The substantial genetic divergences and largely allopatric distributions observed among the F. pinnata lineages suggest that they represent a species complex.
Strong Orbit Equivalence and Superlinear Complexity.

We show that within any strong orbit equivalent class, there exist minimal subshifts with arbitrarily low superlinear complexity. This is done by proving that for any simple dimension group with unit $(G,G^+,u)$ and any sequence of positive numbers $(p_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ such that $\lim n/p_n=0$, there exist a minimal subshift whose dimension group is order isomorphic to $(G,G^+,u)$ and whose complexity function grows slower than $p_n$. As a consequence, we get that any Choquet simplex can be realized as the set of invariant measures of a minimal Toeplitz subshift whose complexity grows slower than $p_n$.
Shake It! Detecting Flaky Tests Caused by Concurrency with Shaker

A test is said to be flaky when it non-deterministically passes or fails. Test flakiness negatively affects the effectiveness of regression testing and, consequently, impacts software evolution. Detecting test flakiness is an important and challenging problem. ReRun is the most popular approach in industry to detect test flakiness. It re-executes a test suite on a fixed code version multiple times, looking for inconsistent outputs across executions. Unfortunately, ReRun is costly and unreliable. This paper proposes SHAKER, a lightweight technique to improve the ability of ReRun to detect flaky tests. SHAKER adds noise in the execution environment (e.g., it adds stressor tasks to compete for the CPU or memory). It builds on the observations that concurrency is an important source of flakiness and that adding noise in the environment can interfere in the ordering of events and, consequently, influence on the test outputs. We conducted experiments on a data set with 11 Android apps. Results are very encouraging. SHAKER discovered many more flaky tests than ReRun (95% and 37.5% of the total, respectively) and discovered these flaky tests much faster. In addition, SHAKER was able to reveal 61 new flaky tests that went undetected in 50 re-executions with ReRun.
MARA-Net: Single Image Deraining with Multi-level Connections and Adaptive Regional Attentions

Removing rain streaks from single images is an important problem in various computer vision tasks because rain streaks can degrade outdoor images and reduce their visibility. While recent convolutional neural network-based de-raining models have succeeded in capturing rain streaks effectively, difﬁculties in recovering the details in rain-free images still remain. In this paper, we present a multi-level connection and adaptive regional attention network (MARA-Net) to properly restore the original background textures in rainy images. The ﬁrst main idea is a multi-level connection design that repeatedly connects multi-level features of the encoder network to the decoder network. Multi-level connections encourage the decoding process to use the feature information of all levels. Channel attention is considered in multi-level connections to learn which level of features is important in the decoding process of the current level. The second main idea is a wide regional non-local block (WRNL). As rain streaks primarily exhibit a vertical distribution, we divide the grid of the image into horizontally-wide patches and apply a non-local operation to each region to explore the rich rain-free background information. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world rainy datasets demonstrate that the proposed model signiﬁcantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art models. Furthermore, the results of the joint deraining and segmentation experiment prove that our model contributes effectively to other vision tasks.
Yang-Baxter Equations for General Metaplectic Ice

In this paper, we extend results connecting quantum groups to spherical Whittaker functions on metaplectic covers of $GL_r(F)$, for $F$ a nonarchimedean local field. Brubaker, Buciumas, and Bump showed that for a certain metaplectic $n$-fold cover of $GL_r(F)$ a set of Yang-Baxter equations model the action of standard intertwiners on principal series Whittaker functions. These equations arise from a Drinfeld twist of the quantum affine Lie superalgebra $U_{\sqrt{v}}(\widehat{\frak{gl}}(n)),$ where $v = q^{-1}$ for $q$ the cardinality of the residue field. We extend their results to all metaplectic covers of $GL_r(F)$, providing new solutions to Yang-Baxter equations matching the scattering matrix for the associated Whittaker functions. Each cover has an associated integer invariant $n_Q$ and the resulting solutions are connected to the quantum group $U_{\sqrt{v}}(\widehat{\frak{gl}}(n_Q))$ and quantum superalgebra $U_{\sqrt{v}}(\widehat{\frak{gl}}(1|n_Q))$.
The deconfinement critical point of lattice QCD with $N_{\rm f}=2$ Wilson fermions

The ${\rm SU}(3)$ pure gauge theory exhibits a first-order thermal deconfinement transition due to spontaneous breaking of its global $Z_3$ center symmetry. When heavy dynamical quarks are added, this symmetry is broken explicitly and the transition weakens with decreasing quark mass until it disappears at a critical point. We compute the critical hopping parameter and the associated pion mass for lattice QCD with $N_f=2$ degenerate standard Wilson fermions on $N_\tau\in\{6,8,10\}$ lattices, corresponding to lattice spacings $a=0.12\, {\rm fm}$, $a=0.09\, {\rm fm}$, $a=0.07\, {\rm fm}$, respectively. Significant cut-off effects are observed, with the first-order region growing as the lattice gets finer. While current lattices are still too coarse for a continuum extrapolation, we estimate $m_\pi^c\approx 4 {\rm GeV}$ with a remaining systematic error of $\sim 20\%$. Our results allow to assess the accuracy of the LO and NLO hopping expanded fermion determinant used in the literature for various purposes. We also provide a detailed investigation of the statistics required for this type of calculation, which is useful for similar investigations of the chiral transition.
A Survey on Deep Learning Techniques for Video Anomaly Detection

Anomaly detection in videos is a problem that has been studied for more than a decade. This area has piqued the interest of researchers due to its wide applicability. Because of this, there has been a wide array of approaches that have been proposed throughout the years and these approaches range from statistical-based approaches to machine learning-based approaches. Numerous surveys have already been conducted on this area but this paper focuses on providing an overview on the recent advances in the field of anomaly detection using Deep Learning. Deep Learning has been applied successfully in many fields of artificial intelligence such as computer vision, natural language processing and more. This survey, however, focuses on how Deep Learning has improved and provided more insights to the area of video anomaly detection. This paper provides a categorization of the different Deep Learning approaches with respect to their objectives. Additionally, it also discusses the commonly used datasets along with the common evaluation metrics. Afterwards, a discussion synthesizing all of the recent approaches is made to provide direction and possible areas for future research.