Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bio-Impedance Analysis Measures in a Rural Latina Community

Obesity is an ever-growing epidemic that is accompanied by numerous comorbidities and exorbitant health care expenditures. The rural community in which this minority population was studied has the 7 th fattest population in the United States and is approximately 40% Hispanic 1 . In order to focus on interventions, bio-impedance analysis (BIA) was completed on a segment of the population as part of a community health assessment used in the Public Health Nursing Model. Forty-nine Latina women ages 20-80, attending a Latina Red Dress Event that targeted Heart Health of Latina women, were consented and measured for body composition on a bio-impedance analyzer. The items measured were BMI, body fat percentage, weight, height, body fat mass, fat free mass, visceral fat rating, body water percentage, body water mass, muscle mass, bone mass, basal metabolic rate, and metabolic age. Correlations and frequencies were analyzed for the variable data. State statistics indicate that approximately 60% of the population in this area is overweight or obese. The study findings show the rate is much higher in this segment of the population. Obesity is an ever-growing epidemic that is accompanied by numerous comorbidities and exorbitant health care expenditures. Rural areas in this country have higher rates of obesity than those of urban areas. Mexican Americans are at a higher risk for overweight and obesity and its comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, joint disorders, psychological disorders, hyperlipidemia, cancers and asthma (1). This study was conducted in a rural mid-western area that has approximately 40% Mexican-American (2). The rural community where the study took place has the 7 th highest occurrence of obesity in the United States (3). In order to focus on obesity prevention interventions for this Hispanic population, bio-impedance analysis (BIA) was completed on a cohort of Hispanic mothers and abuelas (respected grandmothers) who attended a community health event. Hispanic mothers and abuelas were selected for this community health assessment. Significant relationships have been found between obese mothers and the risk for obesity in their children. The mothers and abuelas are also the primary caregivers who determine child feeding behaviors. The Public Health Nursing Model was used to guide the study design. Data from this study will be used to determine the need and direction for a future Hispanic abuela/mother intervention that will encourage healthy child feeding behaviors including limiting low nutrient carbohydrate intake and increasing body water. The overall objective is to help mothers eat, and drink healthier and feed their children in a similar manner to help prevent obesity in themselves and their children.
Atlas use in teaching geography in higher education in the U.S. and Canada

Skills in map use and interpretation are important in geography education. Atlases represent special collections of maps that can be beneficial for developing map use and interpretation and spatial analysis skills in geography students. In this study, we examine the utilization of atlases in geographic coursework. We surveyed 295 geography instructors in theU.S. andCanadaabout their usage of both print and digital atlases in geography courses of different level. The survey generated 54 responses. The findings indicated that about 39 percent of instructors use atlases in instruction, most of those use print atlases rather than digital atlases. It was found that most of the instructors who use atlases in their instruction teach upper-level Human Geography courses. Some other general courses, in which atlases were used are: Introduction to GIS, Remote Sensing, World Regional Geography, and Introduction to Physical Geography. As indicated by the survey responses, atlases are widely used in special topic courses such as World Forests, Geography of North America, Research Methods in Geography, Natural Hazards, Geography of Europe, History and Theory of Geography, Current World Affairs, Geography of Pennsylvania, Political Geography, Geography of Russia, North American House Types, and Geography of Consumption. In addition to analyzing the survey responses, we also provide examples of atlas use in a variety of courses. We conclude that atlases are useful for studies of spatial associations and geographic patterns, as a background information or context resource, as a source that helps to learn geographic locations, and to learn cartographic methods and map design.
Możliwość rozpoznania podpermskiego podłoża południowej części monokliny przedsudeckiej w świetle istniejących materiałów geofizycznych

streszczenie: we wstępnej części artykułu przedstawiono stan obecnego rozpoznania geologicznego południowej części monokliny przedsudeckiej na tle waryscyjskich struktur tektonicznych środkowej europy, z uwzględnieniem tematyki surowcowej. zasadnicza część pracy zawiera analizę dotychczasowych materiałów geofizycznych, grawimetrycznych, magnetycznych i sejsmicznych pod kątem ustalenia i interpretacji związków korelacyjnych wyników badań, w tym między tektoniką obserwowaną na przekrojach sejsmiki płytkiej i głębokiej. Pokazano, że odpowiedni dobór zastosowanych metod stwarza szanse na efektywniejsze rozpoznanie budowy geologicznej podłoża podpermskiego obszaru. zaproponowano pełniejsze wykorzystanie w interpretacji dynamicznych cech zapisu sejsmicznego na przytoczonym przykładzie wybranych sekcji sejsmicznych w wersji efektywnych współczynników odbicia (ewo). we wnioskach przedstawiono propozycję dalszych prac dla kompleksowej reinterpretacji materiałów geofizyczno-geologicznych, w celu rozpoznania utworów głębszego podłoża, z możliwością nawiązania do obszaru Niemiec.
Modeling Lake Temperature Response to Climate Change in the Alaskan Arctic

Modeling Lake Temperature Response to Climate Change in the Alaskan Arctic by Thomas Balkcom, Master of Science Utah State University, 2019 Major Professors: Dr. Jiming Jin and Dr. Sarah Null Department: Watershed Sciences Freshwater fish are a staple in the diets of native Arctic peoples and are important for nutrition, culture, and community building. However, climate warming may affect lake temperatures and thus alter Arctic lake ecosystems and productivity. The general dearth of information on Arctic environments makes long-term forecasting of lake temperatures difficult. The two primary research questions of this study were 1) To what extent might climate warming affect water temperatures and the duration of ice in Arctic lakes? and 2) How do energy exchange processes in Arctic lakes change with warmer conditions? To answer these questions, I simulated vertical lake temperatures at a resolution of 1 m with the Freshwater Lake (FLAKE) model. I modeled lake temperature profiles and ice duration of four representative lakes at the Arctic Long-Term Ecological Research site, near the Toolik Field Station. I represented the historical period with measured input data from 1992 to 2017. I also modeled 15 future alternatives for 20062099 using four CMIP5 global climate models (HadGEM2-ES, CM3, CSIRO Mk3, and CanESM2) and four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) emissions scenarios
A prospective study of dietary acrylamide intake and pancreatic cancer risk

B49 Introduction: Acrylamide was first detected in various heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods in 2002. Based on animal studies, it is classified as a probable human carcinogen. Occupational exposure to acrylamide was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Whether dietary intake of acrylamide is associated with pancreatic cancer has not been studied before. >Objective: To prospectively examine the association between dietary acrylamide intake and pancreatic cancer risk (PC). >Methods: The Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer started in 1986 and included 120,852 men and women, aged 55-69 years. Data were processed and analyzed using the case-cohort approach, in which person years were estimated from a subcohort (n = 5000). The acrylamide intake of subcohort members and cases was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire and was based on chemical analysis of all relevant Dutch foods. Acrylamide intake was analyzed in quintiles of intake and continuously (per 10 microgram/day). >Results: After 13.3 years of follow-up, there were 349 cases with complete dietary data, including 233 cases with microscopically confirmed pancreatic cancer. The average daily acrylamide intake of the subcohort was 21.8 μg, with a range of 1.0-125.3 μg. >In multivariate analysis and compared to participants with the lowest quintile of acrylamide intake, the HRs of all pancreatic cancers for quintile 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 1.02, 0.96, 0.87 and 0.98, respectively (95% confidence interval (CI) for quintile 5, 0.68-1.40; p for trend, 0.63). The risk of pancreatic cancer was 1.06 (95% CI, 0.96-1.17) per 10 microgram increase of daily acrylamide intake. >When the analysis was restricted to never or former smokers the HRs of all pancreatic cancers for quintile 2, 3, 4 and 5 compared to the lowest quintile were 0.88, 1.62, 1.09 and 1.02, respectively (95% CI for quintile 5, 0.51-2.02; p for trend, 0.79). >HRs did not change if the analysis was restricted to microscopically confirmed cases of pancreatic cancer.Conclusions: This study does not support for an association between dietary acrylamide intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer.
Value of 3-dimensional speckle tracking imaging to quantify regional left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease

Objective To assess left ventricular (LV) strain by3-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) . Methods All subjects underwent invasive coronary angiography.2-dimensional and 3-dimensional echocardiography were performed in 52 subjects with suspected CHD.Longitudinal strain (LS) ,circumferential strain (CS) ,radial strain
Edible caterpillars in central Cameroon: host plants, value, harvesting, and availability

ABSTRACT Caterpillars are among the most consumed, traded and economically valuable edible insects in the tropics, where they are excellent sources of proteins and fats for many indigenous peoples. Despite their contribution to global food security, little is known about the species traded as well as their host plants. Through market surveys, semi-structured interviews and field observations, we identified the edible caterpillars’ species commercialized in the Centre region of Cameroon and their host plants, estimated weights and retail values, examined perceptions of change over time, and discussed implications for management. Eleven species of caterpillars and 18 host trees were identified. Seven species accounted for a total of 69482 kg worth US$163,565 being traded annually by interviewed vendors (N = 32). Caterpillars were sold either fresh or smoked, and prices varied significantly among species and urban/rural markets. All hosts were trees from lowland rainforests, most having multiple uses (e.g. medicine, timber). Most vendors reported a decrease in caterpillar species’ abundance, mainly attributed to logging of host trees and climatic changes. Future management efforts could be centered on promoting semi-domestication of edible caterpillars and raising awareness on cultivation techniques of host trees.
Trophic Models of Seagrass Ecosystems in Maqueda Channel, Caramoan Peninsula, Philippines

Steady-state trophic models were constructed using the Ecopath with Ecosim software to examine the general status, development trends, and functional integrity of three extensive seagrass meadows located in Maqueda Channel of Caramoan Peninsula, Southern Luzon Island, Philippines. The results show that the ecosystems are composed of 23-24 functional groups with effective trophic levels extending from 1.00 to 3.76. Mixed trophic impacts show that decrease in the biomass of grazers Tripneustes gratilla (collector urchin) had a positive impact on the biomass of seagrasses. On the other hand, a positive effect on the benthic groups is expected with an assumed decrease in the biomass of detritus and phytoplankton. Analysis of the flow network of organic matter and trophic efficiencies showed that flows were generally low for higher TLs but high for lower TLs (i.e., from TL 1 to IV. The ecosystems were found to be in mature and stable state based on the system statistics.
Epidemiological Immunological Studies on Leprosy in Okinawa

Personal and family histories of the totally 864 patients with leprosy admitted in the National Leprosaria Okinawa Airakuen and Miyako Nansei-en were surveyed since 1973, for the purpose of understanding epidemiological and immunological characteristics of leprosy in Okinawa. Frequency of intermarriage in the parents of index cases was not significantly higher than that in the public near Miyako Nansei-en. The intermarriage did not correlate with the classification of leprosy in the index cases nor with the incidence of leprosy in other members of their family. It is therefore unlikely that leprosy is associated by recessive gene. Consanguineous patients with leprosy were more frequently found in the index cases with younger age than those in the elder and in the cases with lepromatous leprosy than those with tuberculoid. The frequency in 778 siblings of index cases was 19.9%, indicating a significant difference with that (8.9 %) in 563 parents and children, and these percentages were significantly higher than the incidence rate of leprosy (2.1%) in 191 spouses of index cases. A coincidence in the classification of leprosy was found in 37 out of 53 (69.8%) pairs of consanguineous inpatients, but the percentage was not significantly different among three groups of consanguinity, i. e. parent and child, siblings and the others. These facts seem to indicate that the susceptibility to leprosy is not so largely associated by genetic factors as expected previously.On the other hand, a long period of household contact with index cases did not necessarily increase the frequency of affected cases in the family. The percentage of lepromatous leprosy in the index cases was highest in those who had household contact of 10-15 years and their age at onset was significantly younger than those without household contact. The percentage was also significantly different according to the place at onset. These acts seem to indicate that the susceptibility to leprosy is greatly influenced by postnatal factors such as the household contact at childhood, physiological, immunological and living conditions.
Sediment Transport in Sewage Pressure Pipes, Part I: Continuous Determination of Settling and Erosion Characteristics by In-Situ TSS Monitoring Inside a Pressure Pipe in Northern Germany

Continuous measurement systems are widely spread in sewers, especially in non-pressure systems. Due to its relatively low costs, turbidity sensors are often used as a surrogate for other indicators (solids, heavy metals, organic compounds). However, little effort is spent to turbidity sensors in pressurized systems so far. This work presents the results of one year in-situ turbidity/total suspended solids (TSS) monitoring inside a pressure pipe (600 mm diameter) in an urban region in northern Germany. The high-resolution sensor data (5 s interval) are used for the determination of solids sedimentation (within pump pauses) and erosion behavior (within pump sequences). In-situ results from sensor measurements are similar to laboratory results presented in previous studies. TSS is decreasing exponentially in pump pauses under dry weather inflow with an average of 0.23 mg/(L s). During pump sequences, solids eroded completely at a bed shear stress of 0.5 N/m². Sedimentation and erosion behavior changes with the inflow rate. Solids settle faster with increasing inflow: at storm water inflow with an average of 0.9 mg/(L s) and at diurnal inflow variation up to 0.6 mg/(L s) at 12:00 a.m. The results are used as calibration data for a sediment transport simulation in Part II.
Deforestation processes in the livestock territory of La Vía Láctea, Matagalpa, Nicaragua

ABSTRACT Land-use change is considered one of the main causes of environmental degradation. Thus, its analysis will allow stakeholders to make reasonable decisions for land management. The objective of the present study was to understand the patterns of land-use/land-cover change and deforestation in a territory of importance for livestock development in Nicaragua: La Vía Láctea. The methodology was based on the digital processing of satellite images using the geographic information system that allowed the generation of the thematic cartography of land-use/land-cover for 1978, 1986, 1998, and 2011. Between 1978 and 2011, a total of 93% of the forest cover was converted to pasture for livestock development; this change has been influenced by socio-economic and political factors. This study, moreover, reinforces the idea that livestock is the main driver of deforestation. Landscape restoration requires increasing tree cover by adopting silvopastoral systems that improve biodiversity conservation and the provision of ecosystem services.
The Cuban Ocular Trauma Registry

Purpose: To create an ocular trauma registry and analyze the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of serious eye injuries in Cuba.Methods: Analysis of information from 120 eyes entered in the Cuban Ocular Trauma Registry was done. Age, gender, trauma scenarios, use of eye protection, cause and type of eye injury, ocular structure involvement and initial and final best-corrected visual acuity at 3 months of follow-up were addressed. Legal blindness was defined as visual acuity worse than 20/200.Results: The mean age was 38 years with a male predominance. No less than 43 percent of ocular trauma took place at home. Hammering on metal was the main source of injury in 39 percent of patients. Intraocular foreign body was seen in 48 percent of lesions. Fifty-one percent ended with vision better than 20/200 and 49 percent had legal blindness in the injured eye.Conclusions: The creation of our Ocular Trauma Registry has allowed us to recognize the specific features of ocular injury in our country. Preventive measures based on these results should reduce the incidence of blinding trauma.
Performance and immunological significance of vaccination programmes against Newcastle and infectious Bursal disease viruses in broiler chickens

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the growth performance, haematological and immune responses of broilers subjected to three vaccination programmes. Ninety day old Anak broilers were used for the study. The birds were randomized into three treatment groups of 30 birds each: group 1 (control, conventional routine vaccination schedule), group 2: one week delay in routine vaccination, and group 3: two weeks delay in routine vaccination. The vaccines commonly used for routine vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) viruses in the study environment were employed for the study. Data collected included weekly body weight, shank length, mortality, haematological values (PCV, and WBC count) and haemagglutination inhibition antibody titer (HI) against NDV-La sota. Delay in commencement of routine vaccination against ND and IBD for one or two weeks was associated with low mortality, and significant (P<0.05) reduction of body weight, body weight gain, and PCV but increased WBC count. Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test with NDV-La Sota at the end of the study gave GMT values of 26.75, 136.00 and 832.00 (4.8, 7.1, and 9.7 log2, respectively) for control, group 2, and 3, respectively (P<0.05). The standard vaccination schedule was found the best however; initial vaccination against ND and IBD in broiler chicks could be delayed for up to 2 weeks with minimal risk of mortality but with possible reduction in growth performance of the birds. Farmers should therefore adhere to the recommended vaccination schedule for their production environment to enhance the survival and optimal performance of broiler chickens.
Comparison of North Atlantic Oscillation‐related changes in the North Atlantic sea ice and associated surface quantities on different time scales

By separating variations on different time scales, the present study reveals important differences in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)‐related sea ice concentration (SIC), surface air temperature (SAT), and sea surface temperature (SST) patterns for trend, interdecadal, and interannual variations. The SIC has a prominent decreasing trend in the Greenland Sea and the Barents Sea, collocating with an increasing SAT trend and a weak increasing SST trend in the high‐latitude North Atlantic. The wind trends display a weak NAO signal. Corresponding to the positive interdecadal NAO phase, the SIC shows a decreasing trend in the Greenland and Barents Seas. The SAT change features a west negative‐east positive pattern along with positive anomalies extending to the Greenland Sea. The SST change is very weak in the Greenland Sea. Corresponding to the positive interannual NAO phase, the SIC change is opposite between the Greenland/Barents Seas and the Labrador Sea. The SAT change is characterized by a broad west–east pattern over the mid‐high latitudes. The SST change features an east–west dipole pattern in the mid‐latitude North Atlantic Ocean. In both interdecadal and interannual variations, NAO‐related meridional wind anomalies induce anomalous advection that contributes to the SAT change together with upward long‐wave radiation. The SIC and SAT changes are coupled closely through surface heat fluxes in all the three time scales. The present results suggest that it is necessary to distinguish time scales in studying the relationship among SIC, SAT, and SST variations.
Tracking Multidecadal Lake Water Dynamics with Landsat Imagery and Topography/Bathymetry

Water resource management is of critical importance due to its close relationship with nearly every industry, field, and lifeform on this planet. The success of future water management will rely upon having detailed data of current and historic water dynamics. This research leverages Google Earth Engine and uses Landsat 5 imagery in conjunction with bathymetry and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model data to analyze long‐term lake dynamics (water surface elevation, surface area, volume, volume change, and frequency) for Lake McConaughy in Nebraska, USA. Water surface elevation was estimated by extracting elevation values from underlying bathymetry and digital elevations models using 5,994 different combinations of water indices, water boundaries, and statistics for 100 time periods spanning 1985–2009. Surface elevation calculations were as accurate as 0.768 m root mean square error (CI95% [0.657, 0.885]). Water volume change calculations found a maximum change of 1.568 km3 and a minimum total volume of only 23.97% of the maximum reservoir volume. Seasonal and long‐term trends were identified, which have major affects regarding regional agriculture, local recreation, and lake water quality. This research fills an existing gap in optical remote sensing‐based monitoring of lakes and reservoirs, is more robust and outperforms other commonly used monitoring techniques, increases the number of water bodies available for long‐term studies, introduces a scalable framework deployable within Google Earth Engine, and enables data collection of both gauged and ungauged water bodies, which will substantially increase our knowledge and understanding of these critical ecosystems.