Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Exploratory Assessment of Federal Land Restoration Contractors and Their Views on the Restoration Industry

Forest and watershed restoration are important activities on public lands across the U.S. Many federal agencies rely on contractors to accomplish the work. Despite the role that restoration contractors serve, research about them is limited. In a 2013 exploratory assessment, we surveyed 671 vendors who performed restoration work for federal land management agencies between 2001 and 2012 to ask them about their business’ characteristics and their perspectives on the restoration industry. Most businesses were family owned (76%), 54% of the vendors worked within commuting distance at least 75% of the time, and 87% reported that their business’ amount of work fluctuated seasonally. The most common business structures were corporations (51%), sole proprietorship (22%), and LLCs (20%). The primary type of restoration work that respondents’ businesses engaged in were equipment-intensive (30%), labor-intensive (30%), or technically-intensive work (27%). Labor costs consumed an average of 41% of annual expenses followed by equipment (23%), overhead (17%), and materials (14%). Sixty-two percent of respondents reported that at least 50% of their contract work was with government agencies and 44% reported that at least 50% of their revenue was from restoration work. The most common factors rated as very or extremely limiting to work opportunities were regional competition (40%) and demand for work (39%). We report statistically significant differences across geographic regions and respondents’ primary type of work (i.e., labor-intensive, equipment-intensive, or technical). The time period in which the work was performed by respondents included various stages of the Great Recession, which likely affected the restoration work climate and the survey responses.
Genetic Behavior of some Agronomic Traits in Three Bread Wheat Crosses Using Five Population Model

The current research was performed at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, ARC during 2015/16 to 2018/19 growing seasons, to investigate the mode of gene action and the inheritance pattern of plant height, No. of spikes plant, spike length, No. of kernels spike, 100-kernel weight and grain yield plant in three crosses of bread wheat, namely Gemmeiza 11 x Sakha 94, Gemmeiza 9 x Sakha 94 and Line 1 x Giza 168. The t-test sh\owed a highly significant differences among parental genotypes of each cross for most studied traits. The obtained findings reported that additive, dominance and epistasis effects were important in the inheritance of the studied traits. The average degree of dominance proved that partial dominance was effe\ctive for controlling most of all studied traits with the exception of plant height in the 1 cross, 100-kernel weight in the 2 cross and grain yield plant in both 1 and 3 crosses which exhibited over-dominance gene effects. The heritability in both broad and narrow senses were moderate to high for most traits under the study except No. of kernels spike and 100-kernels weight in the 2 cross and grain yield plant in the 3 cross which showed low heritability narrow sense values. The values of expected genetic advance (∆g) were found to be correlated with heritability in narrow sense for most of studied crosses. Based on these results, crosses under this study would be of concern to wheat breeding program for genetic yield advancement with delaying the selection to later segregating generations.
Studies on impact of different blanching treatments on nutritional quality attributes of green leafy vegetables

Present work have been undertaken to study the impact of different blanching treatments on nutritional quality attributes of green leafy vegetables Viz. fenugreek, amaranth and roselle leaves. Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) occupy an important place among the food crops, as these provide adequate amounts of many vitamins and minerals for humans. They are rich source of carotenoids, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, folic acid and minerals like calcium, iron and phosphorus. Pre-processing of GLV includes cleaning, washing and detaching the leaves. The fresh and cleaned leaves were blanched by different methods like, treatment with hot water, 1% NaCl (Sodium chloride) solution, 0.5% SMS (Sodium meta bisulphate) and 0.2% MgO (Magnesium oxide). The minimal losses of nutrient in green leafy vegetables were observed in 0.5% sodium metabisulphate solution. From the research it was observed that decreases in moisture content, protein, fat, fiber and ash content and drastically increasing carbohydrate were found. The blanching of fenugreek leaves results in retention of vitamin C contents significantly. The impact of blanching on fenugreek leaves depicts the pattern of good retention of chlorophyll content. From the research it was concluded that blanching of green leafy vegetable with 0.5% sodium meta bisulphate showed better results with respect to nutritional quality and retention of ascorbic acid and chlorophyll content.
HIV Infection in Senegalese Prisons: Prevalence and Associated Factors

HIV/AIDS is a serious health problem among prisoners and constitutes a big challenge for prison administration services, public health services and governments. Aims: Determine the prevalence of HIV infection among prisoners and describe associated factors. Population and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted from December 2015 to October 2016. A sample of 600 prisoners was randomly interviewed nationwide. They were selected directly from the sample frame from across the country and proportionally from all sites. Pre-established questionnaires providing information on the sociodemographic and biological characteristics of prisoners were used for the collection of data. Data entry and analysis were performed using EXCEL and SPSS 18 software. Results: The survey was based on a randomised sample of 600 prisoners, 593 of whom accepted blood extraction for the HIV testing. The series was mainly composed of males (89%). The median age was 33 years (18 - 69). The level of education among respondents was 60%. Regarding marital status, the proportion of married prisoners was 51.8%. Almost three-quarters (71.5%) were at their first imprisonment and 51.8% were on preventive detention. The reasons for imprisonment varied and were dominated by drug use (35.3%), while only 4.6% confessed that they continued using drugs while in prison. 97.8% of prisoners have had a sexual experience. Their median age was 19 years at their first sexual intercourse. 20.5% reported using a condom during their first intercourse. Multi partnership was estimated at 17.8%. The prevalence of HIV infection was high among prisoners (2%), the quadruple of the national rate. This prevalence was associated with female sex (4.5%) (p = 0.012) and housewives (12.5%) (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Prisoners are very vulnerable to HIV infection with a high prevalence compared to the national rate, hence the need for the enforcement of effective HIV prevention and care measures in prisons.
Marine sponges (Porifera) from the Bahía San Antonio (North Patagonian Gulfs, Argentina), with additions to the phylogeography of the widely distributed Cliona aff. celata and Hymeniacidon perlevis, and the description of two new species

ABSTRACT Six sponge species from Bahía San Antonio (north Argentinean Patagonia) are (re)described, including two new species, namely Halichondria (Halichondria) elenae sp. nov. and Clathria (Microciona) saoensis sp. nov., and three new records for the Argentinean coast. Halichondria (H.) elenae sp. nov. is the only yellowish-greenish SW Atlantic Halichondria with oxeas up to 450 µm. The new species’ 18S rRNA blasted with Halichondria bowerbanki from Ireland, but it is argued that co-specificity is unlikely, in view of their rather distinct morphologies. Clathria (M.) saoensis sp. nov. is the only C. (Microciona) in the SW Atlantic, SE Pacific, and (sub)Antarctic regions with smooth (or nearly so) principal megascleres, mostly below 500 µm long, as well as moderately curved toxas, and isochelae of regular non-cleistochelate shape. Cliona aff. celata and Hymeniacidon perlevis had their identifications confirmed by the sequencing of their 28S and 18S rRNA genes, respectively, and mitochondrial CO1. Both of them clustered with previously sequenced specimens from the Temperate North Atlantic, apart from additional samples from SE Brazil, in the case of C. aff. celata, and China and South Korea, in the case of H. perlevis.
Tree Rings of Pinus ponderosa and Juniperus virginiana Show Different Responses to Stand Density and Water Availability in the Nebraska Grasslands

Abstract Changes in climate, land use and management have led to an increase in woody species encroachment into grasslands, threatening key ecosystem services and resilience. This study uses dendroecological techniques to investigate acclimation strategies of two native woody species, Juniperus virginiana and Pinus ponderosa, to spatial and temporal variability in precipitation and stand density in Nebraska (NE). Two locations in Eastern NE and one in Western NE, were selected and tree cores for ring-width measurements were collected. Stable Isotope ratios of carbon were analysed to investigate water use efficiency (WUE), and stable isotope ratios of oxygen were used to understand stomatal conductance and control. Our results showed trees in dense stands exhibited less intra-specific variability in response to climate and narrower tree rings than sparse open stands, with P. ponderosa being more responsive to density and climate variability than J. virginiana. Populations in the drier Sandhills grasslands of Western NE were more dependent on intra- and inter-annual precipitation and generally more impacted by drought events than those in the East. Eastern NE trees were less limited by drought and displayed lower WUE relative to Western location, even though temperatures were slightly higher, but this was compensated for by the overall higher precipitation levels in the East. Generally, above average winter temperatures were positively correlated with ring widths, while temperature extremes during the growing season were negatively correlated. Although years of extreme drought events were visible in the tree-ring width patterns for both species independent of stand density and location, it seems that once the trees are established and have access to soil moisture, the current climate variability and extremes in NE do not limit or cause a permanent decline in growth of either species.
Buriti of the cerrado of Minas Gerais, Brazil: physical and chemical characterization and content of carotenoids and vitamins

The dozens of native fruit species from the Brazilian Cerrado occupy a prominent position in the ecosystem, for they constitute a potential source for economical exploration, due to their popular acceptance and important nutritional value (Schiassi et al., 2018). The fruits found in the Cerrado present peculiar characteristics, such as varied shapes, attractive colours and sui generis flavours. Besides the sensory characteristics that make their consumption appealing, the fruits are noteworthy for being potential sources of carotenoids and other vitamins, thus contributing for human health (Schiassi et al., 2018).
THE FEASIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTING TEXT MESSAGING SYSTEM TO SUPPORT SMOKING CESSATION FOR SMOKERS IN HANOI

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá tính khả thi của việc triển khai hệ thống tin nhắn (SMS) hỗ trợ cai thuốc lá. Nghiên cứu thử nghiệm trên 40 người hút thuốc lá tại Hà Nội. Đối tượng nghiên cứu nhận tin nhắn điện thoại hỗ trợ cai thuốc lá trong 6 tuần. Thiết kế nghiên cứu can thiệp, so sánh trước và sau can thiệp. Đối tượng nghiên cứu được phỏng vấn trực tiếp bằng bộ câu hỏi gồm: sự phù hợp số lượng/nội dung SMS, tần suất/thời gian gửi tin, sử dụng tin nhắn nhận được, tương tác với chương trình, hài lòng với chương trình tin nhắn; thay đổi hành vi hút thuốc. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy: có 82,5% đối tượng nghiên cứu đọc/ sử dụng tin nhắn hàng ngày, 82,5% người tương tác với chương trình - SMS hai chiều, 90% người thấy tin nhắn hữu ích, 97,7% hài hòng. Đối tượng nghiên cứu nhận xét chương trình dễ sử dụng và 92,5% bạn bè người thân đều khuyến khích đối tượng tham gia sử dụng chương trình. Có 20% đối tượng nghiên cứu bỏ thuốc lá/thuốc lào hoàn toàn, 15% đối tượng nghiên cứu bỏ thuốc lá nhưng vẫn hút thuốc lào. Hành vi hút thuốc lá thay đổi tích cực so với khảo sát ban đầu. Có ý nghĩa thống kê bao gồm số lượng điếu thuốc lá/thuốc lào hút/ngày, tình trạng hút thuốc lá/thuốc lào (p<0,001). Tỷ lệ đối tượng nghiên cứu từng cố gắng cai thuốc lá/thuốc lào trong 4 tuần khá cao (trước can thiệp: 52,5%, sau can thiệp: 25%). Như vậy, việc áp dụng một chương trình SMS hỗ trợ can thiệp cai nghiện thuốc lá cho người Việt Nam là có tính khả thi.
Pengaruh Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease Of Use dan E-Service Quality Terhadap Keputusan Menggunakan Fitur Go-Food dalam Aplikasi Gojek

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan mengalanisis pengaruh dari perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use dan e-service quality terhadap keputusan menggunakan fitur Go-Food dalam aplikasi Gojek di Kecamatan Kebumen. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu seluruh orang yang telah menggunakan fitur Go-Food dalam aplikasi Gojek. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 responden. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah primer, yang diperoleh dari hasil jawaban responden yang dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner. Metode yang digunakan adalah non probability sampling yaitu purposive sampling. Sikap responden diukur dengan skala likert 4 tingkatan dan data yang diperoleh diolah dengan analisis SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) for windows versi 24. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, dan analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara variabel perceived usefulness terhadap keputusan menggunakan fitur Go-Food, perceived ease of use berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan menggunakan fitur Go-Food, e-service quality berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan menggunakan fitur Go-Food, serta secara bersama-sama perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use dan e-service quality berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan menggunakan fitur Go-Food dalam aplikasi Gojek.
A molecular phylogeny of chafers revisits the polyphyly of Tanyproctini (Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae)

Tanyproctini (Melolonthinae) is a large group of chafers within the pleurostict Scarabaeidae that shows an enormous morphological diversity and variation. However, their morphology based definition appears to be mainly based on presumably plesiomorphic characters. Here, we investigate the phylogeny of this interesting lineage with a three‐gene data set using partial gene sequences of 28S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) and 16S rRNA (rrnL). Our data set comprised 191 species of all major lineages of pleurostict scarabs. Combined analyses of the 2,070 base pairs alignment with maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian tree inference always recovered Tanyproctini to be highly polyphyletic. Tests of an alternative topology with constrained monophyly of Tanyproctini using CONSEL and IQ‐TREE were not found to be more likely than the unconstrained tree topology. Instead, Tanyproctini was split into six independent lineages under the current taxon sampling that were scattered throughout diverse parts of the pleurostict tree. The fact that numerous smaller chafer lineages exist beside several evolutionary successful and large lineages, highlights the complexity of the pleurosticts’ evolutionary history. The resulting tree topologies imply the need for a thorough revision of tribal classification within Melolonthinae lineages to accommodate the polyphyly of Tanyproctini. However, a revision of classification would be premature due to low support of most relevant branches, instable tree topologies among different tree searches, and due to a still very incomplete representation of Tanyproctini lineages.
Evaluation of immunomorphological patterns of cervical lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background: The Immunomorphological patterns of Lymph Nodes indirectly assess the host immune response facing a malignant tumor. These patterns also help us predict the susceptibility of the patient to Lymph Node Metastasis. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the Immunomorphological patterns of Lymph Nodes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and to correlate them with the histopathological subtype of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, TNM staging and the degree of tumor involvement within the Lymph Nodes. Methodology: A total of 40 subjects were taken for the study. Individuals who were clinically and histopathologically diagnosed as cases of Squamous Cell Carcinoma, who had undergone Radical or Elective Neck dissection were considered. The excised Lymph Nodes along with the primary tumor were collected stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The Lymph Nodes were assessed for Metastasis and Immunomorphological patterns. Statistical Correlation was done between the Immunomorphological pattern of Lymph Nodes and (a) Size of the tumor, (b) TNM stage of the tumor, (c) Histopathological Grade of the primary tumor, (d) Metastasis of the Lymph Node and (e) Grade of the Metastasis of Lymph Node. Statistical Correlation was done between the Metastasis of the Lymph Node and (a) Size of the tumor and (b) TNM stage of the tumor. Results and Conclusion: Statistically, a significant association was observed between TNM staging and Immunomorphological patterns of Lymph Node (P < 0.01). The relationship between histopathological grade of primary tumor of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Immunomorphological patterns was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Statistically, a significant association was observed between Sinus Histiocytosis pattern and decreased occurrence of nodal metastasis (P < 0.01).
Proteomic analysis of mammary cells throughout differentiation

Paracrine and autocrine signalling play an important role in proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells. Despite this fact being accepted unanimously, the mechanisms by which these processes occur are not fully understood. In particular, estrogens acting through estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) profoundly affect proliferation and differentiation; however, knowledge about ERβ role in these processes is still unclear. With the goal to best understand the signalling mechanisms involved in mammary epithelial cells differentiation, we collected the conditioned media (CM) of HC11 cells in the three stages of differentiation: stem-cell like (SCL), pre-differentiated (PD) and functionally differentiated (D). Next, the proteins in the CM were separated using SDS-PAGE and 2D-PAGE and identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Our results showed that SCL cells secrete factors with proangiogenic/invasion and survival roles as well as factors with the opposite functions. These results were in agreement with the controlled active proliferation and migration observed in these cells. With the beginning of differentiation (PD and D cells) a change in the most secreted proteins occurred, being possible to observe a raise in the levels of proteins that regulate adhesion and apoptosis. To study the mechanisms regulated by ERβ, the CM of SCL cells either kept undifferentiated (+EGF), entering differentiation (-EGF) or fully differentiated (D) was collected following ERβ ligand activation. Proteins present in the CM were once again separated by SDS-PAGE and 2D-PAGE and identified by MALDITOF/TOF. Our results showed a difference in the levels of proteins secreted in SCL+EGF compared to SCL-EGF, indicating that pathways that maintain the undifferentiated SCL stage such as EGF also cross talk with ERβ signalling. Moreover, similar to SCL-EGF, in D cells, proteins regulated by ERβ were cell adhesion and apoptosis related proteins indicating that the cellular state of differentiation modulates ERβ signalling; being that the previously identified tumour suppressor role of ERβ is triggered only with the beginning of differentiation.
Effects on Berry Shrinkage in Vitis vinifera. L cv. ‘Merlot’ From Changes in Canopy/Root Ratio: A Preliminary Approach

A trial was conducted to find a possible relationship between the canopy/root ratio and the incidence and severity of premature berry shrinkage, and to propose an alternative to avoid this phenomenon in ‘Merlot’ grapevines. The ratio was changed by cutting foliage at a certain height 15 days before veraison, and by delaying the removal of trunk shoots. Treatments were the control (T1), 50% foliage area of control (T2), 75% foliage area of control (T3), and delayed trunk shoot removal (T4). Foliage area and the canopy/root ratio were lower in the T2 and T3 treatments. T4 was ineffective in changing the parameters. The incidence of berry shrinkage was lower for the T2 and T3 treatments, with the percentage of affected plants dropping from the 52% of the control to 22.9% and 31.3% for T2 and T3 respectively, and from 52.4% of the affected bunches to 16.6% and 21.2% for the same treatments respectively. The percentage of affected bunches falling into the range of moderate to severe damage fell from the 24% of the control to 5.2% and 3.9% for T2 and T3 respectively. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the incidence and severity of berry shrinkage by decreasing the canopy/root ratio in ‘Merlot’ grapevines.
On the Two-Phase Thermodynamics of the Coupled Cloud-Ocean

The rudiments of a self-consistent two-phase thermodynamical theory of intraseasonal and interannual variability for the tropical cloud-ocean mixed layer system are presented. In this paper we study some basic properties of low-frequency phenomena in the tropical coupled cloud-ocean mixed layer system under low mean wind speed conditions and attempt to seek a unified thermodynamical framework in which the thermodynamical oscillation can be studied and understood. In order to do so, all waves in the atmosphere and in the ocean are initially filtered out, and the coupled system is purely thermodynamic. An air-ocean coupled model designed especially for the low wind speed condition is employed to test the basic thermodynamic feedback mechanism between clouds and the ocean mixed layer. The model has four parts: (1) a shallow-water system for the large-scale atmosphere motion; (2) a cloud model, (3) a marine atmospheric boundary layer, in which the physical processes are parameterized into the bulk formulae through a geostrophic drag coefficient and corresponding heat and moisture exchange coefficients; and (4) an oceanic mixed layer model. The coupled model is solved analytically as an eigenvalue problem. Three nondimensional model parameters are found to be very important in separating growing or decaying, oscillatory or nonoscillatory modes: (1) the ocean surface stability index, ϵ; (2) the surface water budget index, γ; and (3) the mean diapycnal gradient of the spiciness (χ) in the entrainment zone, δ. The sign of ϵ divides the ocean mixed layer into shallowing (ϵ > 0) and entrainment (ϵ 20ϵ + 11 for γ = −0.1, δ > 20ϵ + 11.8 for γ = −0.2, and δ > 20ϵ + 14.6 for γ = −0.5. The model results also demonstrate that the exchanges of heat and water across the sea surface lead to both growing and decaying modes of oscillation on two different time scales, owing to the stability of the atmosphere. For an unstable atmosphere the time scale is about 20–30 days. However, the time scale is approximately 1–3 years for a stable atmosphere. This work introduces the new concept of two-phase thermodynamics for the coupled air-ocean system. Both atmosphere and ocean have two important thermodynamical variables: temperature and moisture (or fractional cloudiness) for the atmosphere, and temperature and salinity for the ocean. If salinity is neglected in the ocean model, no positive feedback mechanism will be possible in the coupled air-ocean system.