Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review: Late Wilt of Maize—The Pathogen, the Disease, Current Status, and Future Perspective

Late wilt (LWD) is a vascular wilt disease that outbursts late in maize development, usually during or after flowering. The disease causal agent, the soil and seed-borne fungi, Magnaporthiopsis maydis, causes significant economic losses in Egypt, Israel, Spain, Portugal, and India. Since its discovery in the early 1960s in Egypt, the knowledge base of the disease was significantly expanded. This includes basic information on the pathogen and its mode of action, disease symptoms and damages, methods to study and monitor the pathogen, and above all, control strategies to restrain M. maydis and reduce its impact on commercial maize production. Three approaches stand out from the various control methods inspected. First, the traditional use of chemical pesticides was investigated extensively. This approach gained attention when, in 2018–2020, a feasible and economical treatment based on Azoxystrobin (alone or in combination with other fungicides) was proven to be effective even in severe cases of LWD. Second, the growing trend of replacing chemical treatments with eco-friendly biological and other green protocols has become increasingly important in recent years and has already made significant achievements. Last but not least, today’s leading strategy to cope with LWD is to rely on resistant maize genotypes. The past two decades’ introduction of molecular-based diagnostic methods to track and identify the pathogen marked significant progress in this global effort. Still, worldwide research efforts are progressing relatively slowly since the disease is considered exotic and unfamiliar in most parts of the world. The current review summarizes the accumulated knowledge on LWD, its causal agent, and the disease implications. An additional important aspect that will be addressed is a future perspective on risks and knowledge gaps.
Carbon Leakage, the Green Paradox, and Perfect Future Markets

Policies of lowering carbon demand may aggravate rather than alleviate climate change (green paradox). In a two-period three-country general equilibrium model with finite endowment of fossil fuel one country enforces an emissions cap in the first or second period. When that cap is tightened the extent of carbon leakage depends on the interaction of various parameters and elasticities. Conditions for the green paradox are specified. All determinants of carbon leakage resulting from tightening the first-period cap work in opposite direction when the second-period cap is tightened. Tightening the second-period cap does not necessarily lead to the green paradox.
Individual and situational factors affecting transfer of training in a call center environment.

INDIVIDUAL AND SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING TRANSFER OF TRAINING IN A CALL CENTER ENVIRONMENT Eric Travis Hicks April 11, 2006 In the past 35 years, the average U.S. corporation expenditure per employee on training has increased over ten-fold, yet research studies covering the same time period estimate that only 10-15% of skills and knowledge acquired during training actually transfer to the job. A study was conducted using Mathieu and Martineau’s model of training motivation to better understand which factors predicted for motivation to transfer learning on the job in a call center environment. Participants from a large mid-western insurance company call center (n = 195) participated in a longitudinal study to determine the relationship of individual factors, situational factors, and reaction to training with motivation to transfer training. Pretraining survey scales measured variables motivation to learn, locus of control, selfefficacy, learning confidence, managerial support, organizational support, and job support. Post-training survey scales measured reaction to training and motivation to transfer training. Pearson correlation, hierarchical multiple regression, and factor analysis were used to understand correlation among the predictor variables and between the predictors
Contextualizing private sector-based seed system development: The case of sorghum in Eastern Africa

Private sector-based seed system development remains a key development intervention in Sub-Saharan Africa. Seed system interventions promoting the adoption of improved varieties through the private sector generally follow a linear, market-oriented technological adoption logic. A qualitative case study of the sorghum seed system in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania demonstrates that this model may not be able to drive the broad-scale adoption of improved sorghum varieties and to generate significant benefits for small sorghum-farming households. The findings suggest that the agro-ecological, social, and political-economic contexts critically determine the role improved varieties and the private sector can play in rural development. Improved sorghum varieties promoted by both the public and private sectors may not suit the needs, preferences and contexts of farming households. Seed companies hold sorghum as an add-on in their portfolio, investing less resources and research into sorghum compared to more profitable crops such as vegetable and maize seeds. Significant political-economic obstacles exist that favor the support of cash crops such as maize and rice, limiting the growth and development of the private sector in the sorghum seed system. We conclude that future interventions should build on approaches that aim to develop more diverse channels of seed delivery in both the formal and informal seed systems, adopt a livelihoods perspective to evaluate the costs, benefits, and risks associated with the adoption of new technologies, and acknowledge that seed system interventions are only one out of a portfolio of interventions to generate rural development.
SCRLH TL Based UWB Bandpass Filter with Widened Upper Stopband

A planar ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter with widened upper stopband is presented in this paper. The filter is constructed by adopting a novel simplified composite right-/left-handed (SCRLH) transmission line (TL) structure. The fundamental characteristics of the SCRLH TL are first analyzed, and then its corresponding microstrip implementation is utilized to realize the practical UWB bandpass filter. However, thanks to the inherent parasitic effects of the microstrip quasi-lumped elements at high frequency, a spurious passband comes into being around 15.1 GHz. With an aim to broaden the bandwidth of the upper stopband, two embedded open-circuited stubs are introduced in the input and output feeding lines, which can effectively suppress the spurious passband, thus generating a widened upper stopband.
CONTEMPLATION OF SYMBIOTIC MICROBIAL BIOFILMS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT

State of symbiosis is created among the species that are found in naturally existing biofilms. Biofilm formation provides protection against toxic shocks, mechanical stress, and predation. Biofilm can play an important role in wastewater treatment technologies and on the other hand could also lead to plague water. Biofilm-based treatments have been traditionally used for the treatment of water but the recent development in the stream has boosted the use of biofilm in various strategies of waste water treatment especially for strategies related to BOD and nutrients. However, the blueprint and execution of this idea is still being worked on due to the problems which arise in the implementation such as corroding pipes, increasing head loss, allowing pathogens to persist in distribution systems, and fouling membrane processes. Design for choice of species for biofilm processes in particular techniques is important wastewater treatment. All these data are essential to develop the performance, effectiveness and constancy of biofilm-based wastewater treatment strategies.
Word-order variation in a contact setting: A corpus-based investigation of Russian spoken in Daghestan

Abstract This paper deals with word-order variation in a situation of language contact. We present a corpus-based investigation of word order in the variety of Russian spoken in Daghestan, focusing specifically on noun phrases with a genitive modifier. In Daghestanian Russian, the nonstandard word order GEN+N (prepositive or left genitive) often occurs. At first glance, this phenomenon might be easily explained in terms of syntactic calquing from the speakers’ left-branching L1s. However, the order GEN+N does not occur with the same frequency in all types of genitive noun phrases but is affected by several lexicosemantic and formal features of both the head and the genitive modifier. Therefore, we are not dealing with simple pattern borrowing. Rather, L1 influence strengthens certain universal tendencies that are not motivated by contact. The comparison with monolinguals’ Russian, in which prepositive genitives sporadically occur too, supports this hypothesis.
Tensile stress in human ribs throughout the lifespan

The purpose of this study is to characterize the tensile stress of human ribs across the lifespan. One-hundred six whole ribs from 43 subjects were experimentally tested in a bending scenario using a custom fixture to simulate a dynamic frontal impact. Ages ranged from nine to 92 years old, with a mean age of 60 years and representation in each decade. Strain gauges on each rib were used to determine time of failure. Post-impact, a section adjacent to the fracture site was used for precise calculations of geometric properties. Tensile stress due to bending was determined at the time of fracture for eac h rib, and results indicate a significant decline in stress with increasing age. This research may be particularly useful for application in the construction of finite element models. Rib material properties in the context of structural response as presented here can aid with advancing knowledge about age-related changes in the rib as well as having implications for better understanding of whole thorax response and injury.
HYPERTENSION IN RELATION TO IMMUNE SYSTEM AND WAY OF LIFE ALONG WITH TREATMENT

The objective of the review is to explain the pathophysiology, different causes and various treatments involved in hypertension. This article discusses the disease's pathogenesis, etiology, diagnosis, and immunity. This review looks at the main significant epidemiological and clinical studies on the role of several lifestyle factors in hypertension development. This review examines the numerous mechanisms that cause hypertension in order to discover new treatments. In addition, it covers the many types of hypertension therapy. According to different studies, lifestyle habits may have an impact on blood pressure levels. Moreover, the importance of chronic inflammation in hypertension and its repercussions has been confirmed in genetically engineered mice lacking components of innate and/or adaptive immunity. Immune cell depletion enhances endothelial function, lowers oxidative stress, lowers the vascular tone, and protects against renal interstitial infiltrates, salt retention, and kidney injury. Based on existing literature, there is strong evidence that lifestyle variables can affect blood pressure levels. Then, in hypertensive people, lifestyle changes can help by lowering overall cardiovascular risk and death from any cause. The involvement of immunity as a common thread in the hypertension processes of many organ systems.
The ‘recognition of prior learning’ in vocational education and training systems of lower and middle income countries: An analysis of the role of development cooperation in the diffusion of the concept

‘Recognition of prior learning’ (RPL) has developed into an important instrument to support the permeability of education and training systems. Based on an extensive review of documents, this article analyses the global diffusion of RPL in vocational education and training systems (VET), with a specific focus on its diffusion through development cooperation between multi- and bilateral donors and lower and middle income countries (LMIC). This article argues that RPL became a core component of development cooperation when VET came to be seen as a means to foster equitable access to employment and income for the poorest. At the same time, it shows that the model of RPL transferred to LMICs is derived from the specific relations between labour markets and education and training systems in donor countries, where VET qualifications are often critical to accessing positions in the labour market, which is often not the case in LMICs.
Influence of Valve's Characteristic on Total Performance of Three Cylinders Internal Combustion Water Pump

Intenal combustion pump(ICP) is a new type power device turning the thermal energy from fuel combustion into fluid pressure energy.Three cylinders prototype has just been developed.The study on the influence of valve's characteristic on ICP's total performance will found the base for its optimum design.Based on the theoretical and testing fruits of single cylinder prototype, the performance of the valves and complete appliance of the latest is simulated.When the natural frequency of valves is approximately to the round number times of the working frequency, volumetric efficiency is seriously low.The nominal rotational speed of the prototype is nearly to the speed where the volumetric efficiency is lowest, which is harmful to the normal work of ICP, so further structure optimization of valves should be carried out.The change of volumetric efficiency has great influence on the fuel consumption rate, output flow, effective thermal efficiency, effective power, and so on, but little on output pressure.
The Psycholinguistics of Task-Based Performance

Traditional accounts of second and foreign language learning are not learner-centred. What is to be taught is decided by the teacher, often in conjunction with textbooks or wider national or school-based policies. In such cases the units underlying teaching are usually structural, and the sequencing is based, largely, on convention – the sequence that is (collectively and unempirically) regarded to conform to a linguistic analysis of difficulty. Methodology is likely to move from presentation of (teacherchosen, decontextualised) material, followed by controlled practice and then some freer production. All of this puts the teacher centre-stage, assumes the teacher knows best, and relegates the learner to a passive bitpart role (Skehan, 2002; Long, 2015). In contrast, task-based approaches start from the learner and from meaning. Tasks require learners to express worthwhile and frequently personal meanings. Then, the language that is important is the language used to express those meanings, as determined by the learner. The tasks themselvesmay be the result of a needs analysis of how the learnerwill use language (Long, 2015), or the result of choosing a challenge at the right level of complexity (Willis & Willis, 2007), or even negotiated with the learners themselves (Gong & Skehan, this volume). The intention is that the task will be facilitative of the learner being able to shape language development in ways that are individual and maximise the chances that personal developmental paths will be followed, as opposed to paths that have been devised for everyone, and for no-one (Long, 2015; Ellis et al., 2020).
Artificial neural networks model for predicting excavator productivity

This paper aims to develop a quantitative model for predicting the productivity of excavators using artificial neural networks (ANN), which is then compared with the multiple regression model developed by Edwards & Holt (2000). A neural network using the architecture of multilayer feedforward (MLFF) is used to model the productivity of excavators. Finally, the modelling methods, predictive behaviours and the advantages of each model are discussed. The results show that the ANN model is suitable for mapping the non‐linear relationship between excavation activities and the performance of excavators. It concludes that the ANN model is an ideal alternative for estimating the productivity of excavators.
Effect of Spatial-Temporal Light Competition on Cotton Yield and Yield Distribution

The photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of crop canopy is highly related to yield formation, but how it relates to yield and yield distribution is not well understood. The focus of this study was to explore the relationship between light competition under different densities and yield distributions of cotton. The experiment was conducted in 2019 and 2020 at the Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Anyang city, Henan Province, China. A randomized block design was employed, with a total of three repeats. Each repeat had six density treatments: D1: 15,000; D2: 33,000; D3: 51,000; D4: 69,000; D5: 87,000; and D6: 105,000 plants·ha−1. As predicted, the results showed that the canopy light interception, leaf area index, plant height, and biomass of high-density cotton were higher than those of low-density cotton. The aboveground biomass produced by D6 was the highest, and was 12.9, 19.5, 25.4, 46.3, and 69.2% higher in 2019 and 14.3, 19.9, 32.5, 53.7, and 109.9% higher in 2020 than D5, D4, D3, D2, and D1, respectively. Leaf area, plant height, biomass, boll number, and boll weight were significantly correlated with the light interception rate. D5 (87,000 plants·ha−1) had a higher light interception rate and the highest yield. The highest lint yields produced by D5 were 1673.5 and 1375.4 kg·ha−1 in two years, and was 3.2, 4.3, 5.6, 9.7, and 24.7% higher in 2019, and 6.8, 10.6, 13.5, 21.5, and 34.4% higher in 2020 than D6, D4, D3, D2, and D1, respectively. The boll retention of the lower fruit branch under D5 reached 0.51 and 0.57 in two years, respectively. The shedding rate of the upper fruit branch decreased with the increase in cotton density in two years. The boll retention rate and shedding rate in the lower part of cotton plants were most closely related to light interception, with R2 values of 0.91 and 0.96, respectively. Our study shows cotton yield could be improved through higher light interception by optimizing planting density and canopy structure.
integration of AlGaN/GaN HFET with MOS on

AlGaN / GaN HFETs and silicon MOSFETs have been integrated monolithically on a silicon k 111 l substrate. A differential heteroepitaxy techniquewas used to grow AlGaN / GaN HFET layers on silicon k 111 l substrates while leaving protected areas of atomically smooth silicon in which MOSFETs are built. Conclusion: The ﬁrst monolithic integration of AlGaN / GaN HFETs and silicon MOSFETs using heteroepitaxy on a silicon substrate is
Production Sourcing Strategies in the U.S. Apparel Industry: A Modified Transaction Cost Approach

Choices regarding where and how a company's production will take place can significantly impact that company's market performance. To determine significant influences on sourcing strategies in the U.S. apparel industry, a modified transaction cost approach was used, including predictors such as production costs in addition to transaction cost measures. Survey data from 82 U.S. apparel manufacturers were analyzed using logistic regression. Significant predictors of a company's decision to engage in domestic production only versus domestic and offshore production were (a) the size of the company and (b) perceived flexibility of U.S. production. Significant predictors of the proportion of a company's offshore production were (a) the company's foreign business experience, (b) the perception that the company's products are sensitive to fashion change, and (c) perceived flexibility of offshore production. The only significant predictor of decisions to make (use inside production), buy (use outside production), or both was the perceived fashionability of the products.
Improved design and system approach of a three phase inductive HTS fault current limiter for a 12 kVA synchronous generator

A further development of the high temperature superconducting (HTS) mini power plant (MPP) concept designed earlier by one of the authors is presented in the paper. HTS fault current limiters (FCL) will be inserted at the terminals of the synchronous generator. Joint operation of HTS generators (including fully superconducting generators) and HTS FCL's provide additional benefits viz. a significant increase of the generator's unit power rating as well as of its dynamic stability, shown in the paper. A three-phase inductive HTS FCL designed and built for the protection of a generator is made up of three one-phase units, each containing YBCO rings as secondary "windings. " A new design idea was applied for the primary winding to further reduce the leakage reactance of the FCL resulting in low reactive power consumption. Simulations of the electromagnetic processes in the HTS FCL are shown. Theoretical studies on the joint operation of a fully superconducting generator and an HTS FCL are presented.
Overall Impacts of Off-Hour Delivery Programs in New York City Metropolitan Area

This paper examines the chief findings of research conducted on policies to foster off-hour deliveries (OHDs) in the New York City metropolitan area. The goal was to estimate the overall impacts of eventual full implementation of an OHD program. As part of the research, a system of incentives was designed for the receivers of deliveries the system combined Global Positioning System (GPS) remote sensing monitoring with GPS-enabled smart phones to induce a shift of deliveries to the off-hours from 7:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. The concept was pilot tested in Manhattan by 33 companies that switched delivery operations to the off-hours for a period of 1 month. At the in-depth interviews conducted after the test, the participants reported being very satisfied with the experience. As an alternative to road pricing schemes that target freight carriers, this was the first real-life trial of the use of financial incentives to delivery receivers. The analyses indicate that the economic benefits of a full implementation of the OHD program are in the range of $147 to $193 million per year, corresponding to savings on travel time and environmental pollution for regular-hour traffic as well as productivity increases for the freight industry. The pilot test also highlighted the great potential of unassisted OHD—that is, OHD made without personnel from the receiving establishment present—because almost all participants who used this modality decided to continue receiving OHD even after the financial incentive ended.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE VULCANO EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF MCCI PHENOMENA

Molten Core Concrete Interaction (MCCI) is a complex process characterized by concrete ablation and volatile generation; Thermal and solutal convection in a bubble-agitated melt; Physico-chemical evolution of the corium pool with a wide solidification range (of the order of 1000 K). Twelve experiments have been carried out in the VULCANO facility with prototypic corium and sustained heating. The dry oxidic corium tests have contributed to show that silica-rich concrete experience an anisotropic ablation. This unexpected ablation pattern is quite reproducible and can be recalculated, provided an empirical anisotropy factor is assumed. Dry tests with oxide and metal liquid phases have also yielded unexpected results: a larger than expected steel oxidation and unexpected topology of the metallic phase (at the bottom of the cavity and also on the vertical concrete walls). Finally, VULCANO has proved its interest for the study of mitigation solutions such as the COMET bottom flooding core catcher.