Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Expanded View on the Morphological Diversity of Long-Nosed Antlion Larvae Further Supports a Decline of Silky Lacewings in the Past 100 Million Years

Simple Summary The insect group Neuroptera (lacewings) is often claimed to have been more diverse in the past than today. The same appears to have also been the case not only for the entire group Neuroptera, but also for several of its ingroups. Silky lacewings (Psychopsidae) are represented by relatively few species today. Their larvae, also called long-nosed antlions, can easily be identified by the following characteristics: they resemble antlion larvae, lack teeth in their stylets (mouthparts for catching prey), have trumpet-shaped attachment structures on their legs, and have prominent forward-directed upper lips (labra, singular labrum). Therefore, these larvae can also be recognised in the fossil record. An earlier study demonstrated a decline in the morphological diversity of long-nosed antlion larvae over the past 100 million years. Here, we report several dozen new fossil long-nosed antlion larvae. With these, we expand the earlier quantitative analysis. Moreover, in this study, we can show that the morphological diversity of long-nosed antlion larvae has decreased over the past 100 million years. However, we apparently do not have the full original morphological diversity of long-nosed antlions available, as there is no sign of visible saturation yet. Abstract Lacewings have been suggested to be a relict group. This means that the group of lacewings, Neuroptera, should have been more diverse in the past, which also applies to many ingroups of Neuroptera. Psychopsidae, the group of silky lacewings, is one of the ingroups of Neuroptera which is relatively species-poor in the modern fauna. Larvae of the group Psychopsidae, long-nosed antlions, can be easily identified as such in being larvae of antlion-like lacewings without teeth in their stylets (=compound structure of mandible and maxilla), with empodia (=attachment structures on legs) and with a prominent forward-protruding labrum. Therefore, such larvae can also be recognised in the fossil record. An earlier study demonstrated a decline in the morphological diversity of long-nosed antlion larvae over the past 100 million years. Here, we report several dozen new long-nosed antlion larvae and expand the earlier quantitative study. Our results further corroborate the decline of silky lacewings. Yet, a lack of an indication of saturation indicates that we have still not approached the original diversity of long-nosed antlions in the Cretaceous.
Interstellar Ice: The Infrared Space Observatory Legacy

We present 2.5-30 μm spectra from the Short-Wavelength Spectrometer of the Infrared Space Observatory for a total of 23 sources. The sources include embedded young stellar objects spanning a wide range of mass and luminosity, together with field stars sampling quiescent dark clouds and the diffuse interstellar medium. Expanding on results of previous studies, we use these spectra to investigate ice composition as a function of environment. The spectra reveal an extremely rich set of absorption features attributed to simple molecules in the ices. We discuss the observed properties of these absorption features and review their assignments. Among the species securely identified are H2O, CO, CO2, CH3OH, and CH4. Likely identified species include OCS, H2CO, and HCOOH. There is also evidence for NH3 and OCN- ice features, but these identifications are more controversial. Features that continue to defy identification include the 3.3-3.7 μm "ice band wing" and the bulk of the 6.8 μm feature. In addition, we find evidence for excess absorption at 6.0 μm that cannot be attributed to H2O ice. We examine the degree of intercorrelation of the 6.8 μm, 4.62 μm ("XCN") and 6.0 μm (excess) features. Our results are consistent with the interpretation of the 6.8 and 4.62 μm features as due to NH and OCN- ions, respectively, though alternative explanations cannot currently be ruled out. We find that the optical depth correlations are dependent on the profile of the 6.8 μm feature but not on the mass of the YSO nor the ice temperature along the line of sight. We discuss the implications for our current understanding of ice processing. We briefly discuss the composition, origin, and evolution of interstellar ices.
Microvessel density in ovarian carcinoma: computer image analysis in patients with shorter and longer survival

We previously reported that tumor microvessel density (MVD) may have prognostic significance in ovarian carcinoma. The aim of this study was to compare the intratumoral microvessels using a computer-aided image analysis system between FIGO stage IIIC, serous, G3, ovarian carcinomas obtained from living patients who had no evident disease 5 years after primary treatment and ovarian carcinomas, matched for stage, histopathology, grade of differentiation, and treatment, obtained from patients who had died of progression of disease no later than 1 year after primary treatment. We observed that MVD is statistically correlated, according to the logistic regression in univariate and multivariate ways, with the survival (P = 0.03 and P = 0.05, respectively) and with the progression of the disease during first-line chemotherapy (P = 0.009 and P = 0.012, respectively). In the past years, the modulation of first-line chemotherapeutic treatment has been a question of discussion, because the oncologist observes extremely unpredictable behaviors with surprisingly long survivals and also short survivals. Pathologists may give clinicians some additional prognostic information useful in the management of ovarian carcinoma patients. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the evaluation of MVD with computer image analysis can help clinicians in the choice of the tailored treatment of the single case.
Investigation of ZnO epilayers grown under various Zn/O ratios by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy

We have investigated ZnO epilayers grown under various Zn/O ratios by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. The growth conditions are elucidated by a relationship between growth rate and Zn/O ratios. Surface phase diagrams are obtained by investigation of reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Hexagonal-shaped two-dimensional islands with atomic steps measured by atomic force microscopy are observed on ZnO layers grown under oxygen-rich and stoichiometric flux conditions. On the other hand, ZnO layers grown under Zn-rich conditions exhibit hexagonal pits. The x-ray rocking curve of ZnO samples grown under an oxygen-rich condition is broader than that of ZnO samples grown under stoichiometric or Zn-rich flux conditions, implying a reduction in threading dislocation density. Photoluminescence spectra reveal the strongest intensity from ZnO layers grown under stoichiometric flux conditions, compared with those grown under Zn- and oxygen-rich conditions. The relation between linewidth of the x-ray rocking curve and intensity of photoluminescence suggests that threading dislocations act as nonradiative centers. In conclusion, the Zn/O flux ratio during growth has a strong influence on the quality of ZnO epilayer surfaces, crystal structures, and optical properties.
White matter injury, cholesterol dysmetabolism, and APP/Abeta dysmetabolism interact to produce Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology: A hypothesis and review

We postulate that myelin injury contributes to cholesterol release from myelin and cholesterol dysmetabolism which contributes to Abeta dysmetabolism, and combined with genetic and AD risk factors, leads to increased Abeta and amyloid plaques. Increased Abeta damages myelin to form a vicious injury cycle. Thus, white matter injury, cholesterol dysmetabolism and Abeta dysmetabolism interact to produce or worsen AD neuropathology. The amyloid cascade is the leading hypothesis for the cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The failure of clinical trials based on this hypothesis has raised other possibilities. Even with a possible new success (Lecanemab), it is not clear whether this is a cause or a result of the disease. With the discovery in 1993 that the apolipoprotein E type 4 allele (APOE4) was the major risk factor for sporadic, late-onset AD (LOAD), there has been increasing interest in cholesterol in AD since APOE is a major cholesterol transporter. Recent studies show that cholesterol metabolism is intricately involved with Abeta (Aβ)/amyloid transport and metabolism, with cholesterol down-regulating the Aβ LRP1 transporter and upregulating the Aβ RAGE receptor, both of which would increase brain Aβ. Moreover, manipulating cholesterol transport and metabolism in rodent AD models can ameliorate pathology and cognitive deficits, or worsen them depending upon the manipulation. Though white matter (WM) injury has been noted in AD brain since Alzheimer’s initial observations, recent studies have shown abnormal white matter in every AD brain. Moreover, there is age-related WM injury in normal individuals that occurs earlier and is worse with the APOE4 genotype. Moreover, WM injury precedes formation of plaques and tangles in human Familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) and precedes plaque formation in rodent AD models. Restoring WM in rodent AD models improves cognition without affecting AD pathology. Thus, we postulate that the amyloid cascade, cholesterol dysmetabolism and white matter injury interact to produce and/or worsen AD pathology. We further postulate that the primary initiating event could be related to any of the three, with age a major factor for WM injury, diet and APOE4 and other genes a factor for cholesterol dysmetabolism, and FAD and other genes for Abeta dysmetabolism.
Mixture inverse Gaussian distributions and its transformations, moments and applications

Skewed models are important and necessary when parametric analyses are carried out on data. Mixture distributions produce widely flexible models with good statistical and probabilistic properties, and the mixture inverse Gaussian (MIG) model is one of those. Transformations of the MIG model also create new parametric distributions, which are useful in diverse situations. The aim of this paper is to discuss several aspects of the MIG distribution useful for modelling positive data. We specifically discuss transformations, the derivation of moments, fitting of models, and a shape analysis of the transformations. Finally, real examples from engineering, environment, insurance, and toxicology are presented for illustrating some of the results developed here. Three of the four data sets, which have arisen from the consulting work of the authors, are new and have not been previously analysed. All these examples display that the empirical fit of the MIG distribution to the data is very good.
A Multicenter, Randomized, Equivalence Trial of a New Recombinant Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Preparation versus Ovitrelle® for Ovulation in Women Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination Following Ovarian Stimulation

Context: A new indigenous recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (r-hCG) has been developed in India with a comparable pharmacological profile to that of Ovitrelle® (Merck Serono). Aims: This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of the new r-hCG with that of Ovitrelle for induction of ovulation in women undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI). Settings and Design: Randomized (2:1), multicenter, open-label, equivalence clinical trial conducted in India. Subjects and Methods: A total of 217 women, aged 20–37 years, undergoing IUI were administered the new r-hCG (test) 250 mcg or Ovitrelle 250 mcg (comparator) after ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins. The ovulation rate was compared as the primary outcome. In addition, pregnancy rates, incidence of adverse events (AEs), and development of immunogenicity were assessed. Statistical Analysis Used: The ovulation and pregnancy rates were compared using Chi-squared test with statistical significance at P < 0.05. Results: With 144 women in the test group and 73 in the comparator group, the ovulation rate (85.4% vs. 78.1%; P = 0.17) and pregnancy rate (serum β hCG test) (11.8% vs. 12.3%; P = 0.91) were similar in both groups. A total of 15 AEs were reported (11 in the test r-hCG group and 4 in the comparator group) in 11 women; none of these were serious, and all were judged to be unrelated to the study drug. No subject developed immunogenic reaction to the test drug. Conclusions: The new preparation of r-hCG was equivalent to the conventional preparation of r-HCG in the induction of ovulation in patients undergoing IUI.
Conjugate gradient method for the Robin inverse problem associated with the Laplace equation

This paper studies a non‐linear inverse problem associated with the Laplace equation of identifying the Robin coefficient from boundary measurements. A variational formulation of the problem is suggested, thereby transforming it into an optimization problem. Mathematical properties relevant to its numerical computation are established. The optimization problem is solved using the conjugate gradient method in conjunction with the discrepancy principle, and the algorithm is implemented using the boundary element method. Numerical results are presented for several benchmark problems with both exact and noisy data, and the convergence of the algorithm with respect to mesh refinement and decreasing the amount of noise in the data is investigated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear theory of slow dissipative layers in anisotropic plasmas

The solar coronal plasma is a well-known example of a plasma with strongly anisotropic dissipative coefficients. The main dissipative processes in the solar corona are strongly anisotropic thermal conductivity and viscosity. Ruderman and Goossens [Astrophys. J. 471, 1015 (1996)] developed a linear theory of driven slow resonant waves in plasmas with strongly anisotropic viscosity and thermal conductivity. Linear theory shows that in the slow dissipative layer the amplitudes of oscillations become very large for high Reynolds and Pecklet numbers, so that nonlinearity may be important. In the present paper the nonlinear behavior of driven magnetohydrodynamic waves in the slow dissipative layer in plasmas with strongly anisotropic viscosity and thermal conductivity is studied. The nonlinear governing equation for wave variables in the dissipative layer is derived. The nonlinear connection formulae, which are extensions of the linear connection formulae first introduced in the theory of resonant magnetohydrod.
A parallel tensor algorithm for nonlinear optimization

A new iterative algorithm for solving unconstrained optimization problems is introduced. It is based on the construction, at each iteration, of a curvilinear path to be searched for a local solution. Since the curvilinear path is denned by using a tensor of third order partial derivatives of the objective function, efficient and reliable implementations can benefit of powerful computational tools like parallel computing and automatic differentiation. Computational experiments were carried out with the aim to compare the proposed algorithm with well known Newton type algorithms. It turns out that the proposed algorithm is very efficient especially in the case of badly scaled and ill-conditioned problems.
Perception of whole day workload as a mediator between activity engagement and stress in workers with type 1 diabetes

Abstract Associations between various forms of activity engagement (e.g. work, leisure) and the experience of stress in workers have been widely documented. The mechanisms underlying these effects, however, are not fully understood. Our goal was to investigate if perceived whole day workload accounted for the relationships between daily frequencies of activities (i.e. work hours and leisure/rest) and daily stress. We analysed data from 56 workers with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who completed approximately two weeks of intensive longitudinal assessments. Daily whole day workload was measured with an adapted version of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). A variety of occupations were reported, including lawyer, housekeeper and teacher. In multilevel path analyses, day-to-day changes in whole day workload mediated 67% (p < .001), 61% (p < .001), 38% (p < .001), and 55% (p < .001) of the within-person relationships between stress and work hours, rest frequency, active leisure frequency, and day of week, respectively. Our results provided evidence that whole day workload perception may contribute to the processes linking daily activities with daily stress in workers with T1D. Perceived whole day workload may deserve greater attention as a possible stress intervention target, ones that perhaps ergonomists would be especially suited to address.
Is a Lower Dose of Rivaroxaban Required for Asians? A Systematic Review of a Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Analysis of Rivaroxaban

Rivaroxaban has been widely used to prevent and treat various thromboembolic diseases for more than a decade. However, whether a lower dose of rivaroxaban is required for Asians is still debatable. This review aimed to explore the potential ethnic difference in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) characteristics between Asians and Caucasians. A systematic search was conducted and twenty-four studies were identified, of which 10 were conducted on Asian adults, 11 on predominantly Caucasian adults, and 3 on Caucasian pediatrics. The apparent clearance (CL/F) of rivaroxaban in Caucasian adults with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (6.45–7.64 L/h) was about 31–43% higher than that in Asians (4.46–5.98 L/h) taking 10~20 mg rivaroxaban every 24 h. Moreover, there was no obvious difference in CL/F among Japanese, Chinese, Thai, and Irani people. Regarding PK/PD relationship, prothrombin time was linked to rivaroxaban concentration in a linear or near-linear manner, and Factor Xa activity was linked with the Emax model. The exposure–response relationship was comparable between Asians and Caucasians. Renal function has a significant influence on CL/F, and no covariate was recognized for exposure–response relationship. In conclusion, a lower dose of rivaroxaban might be required for Asians, and further studies are warranted to verify this ethnic difference to facilitate optimal dosing regimens.
Biosafety, histological alterations and residue depletion of feed administered anti-parasitic drug emamectin benzoate in golden mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) as a model candidate fish for sport fishery and conservation in temperate waters

In the present experiment, the attempt has been made to study the biosafety, toxicity, residue depletion and drug tolerance of graded doses of emamectin benzoate (EB) in juveniles of golden mahseer, Tor putitora as a model candidate fish for sport fishery and conservation in temperate waters through an extended medicated feeding. The graded doses of EB viz., 1× (50 μg/kg fish/day), 2 × (100 μg/kg fish/day), 5 × (250 μg/kg fish/day) and 10 × (500 μg/kg fish/day) were administered to golden mahseer juveniles through medicated diet for 21 days at water temperature of 18.6°C. The higher doses of EB did not cause any mortality during and 30 days after the end of medication period, but considerable variations in feeding and behavior were observed. Severe histological alterations observed after EB-diets (5 × and 10×) were vacuolation, pyknotic nuclei, melanomacrophage centre and necrosis in liver; Bowman’s capsule dilation, degenerated renal tubules in kidney; myofibril disintegration, muscle oedema, splitting of muscle fibres, migration of inflammatory cells in muscle; and abundant goblet cells, dilated lamina propria and disarrangement of mucosa in intestine tissues. The residual concentrations of EB metabolites Emamectin B1a and B1b were analyzed using muscle extracts and were found to be peaked during medication period followed by gradual depletion in post-medication period. The outcome of this study showed that the Emamectin B1a residual concentration in fish muscle in 1×, 2×, 5×, and 10× EB treatment groups were 1.41 ± 0.49, 1.2 ± 0.7, 9.7 ± 3.3, and 37.4 ± 8.2 μg/kg at 30 days of post-medication period, respectively, which falls under the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of 100 μg/kg. The results support the biosafety of EB at recommended dose of 50 μg/kg fish/day for 7 days. As residue of EB is recorded falling within the MRL, no withdrawal period is recommended for golden mahseer.
Different Alfvén wave acceleration processes of electrons in substorms at ~4-5 RE and 2-3 RE radial distance

Abstract. Recent statistical studies show the existence of an island of cavities and enhanced electric field structures at 4-5 R E radial distance in the evening and midnight magnetic local time (MLT) sectors in the auroral region during disturbed conditions, as well as ion beam occurrence frequency changes at the same altitude. We study the possibility that the mechanism involved is electron Landau resonance with incoming Alfven waves and study the feasibility of the idea further with Polar electric field, magnetic field, spacecraft potential and electron data in an event where Polar maps to a substorm over the CANOPUS magnetometer array. Recently, a new type of auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) emission originating from ~2-3 R E radial distance, the so-called dot-AKR emission, has been reported to occur during substorm onsets and suggested to also be an effect of Alfvenic wave acceleration in a pre-existing auroral cavity. We improve the analysis of the dot-AKR, giving it a unified theoretical handling with the high-altitude Landau resonance phenomena. The purpose of the paper is to study the two types of Alfvenic electron acceleration, acknowledging that they have different physical mechanisms, altitudes and roles in substorm-related auroral processes.
Short‐term variation of cosmic radiation measured by aircraft under constant flight conditions

The temporal variations in cosmic radiation on aircraft under constant flight conditions were measured by a Liulin detector. Rather than a commercial long‐distance aircraft, we used a military reconnaissance aircraft performing a circular flight at a constant altitude over the Korean Peninsula. At 9144 m (30,000 ft), the mean and standard deviation of the radiation dose rate (among 35 measurements) was 2.3 and 0.17 μSv/h, respectively. The experiment yielded two observational results. First, the dose rate changed over a flight time of 5–7 h; second, no strong correlation was revealed between the cosmic rays observed from the ground‐based neutron monitor and the radiation doses at aircraft altitude. These observations can provide insight into the short‐term variation of cosmic radiation at aviation altitudes. When discarding various negligible factors, it is postulated that the changes in the geomagnetic field and the air density still could affect the variation of cosmic radiation at aircraft altitude. However, various factors are less known about the dependence on the cosmic radiation. Therefore, investigations of possible factors are also warranted at the monitoring points of space weather.
PENGARUH AKUNTABILITAS, TRANSPARANSI, PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA PADA DESA SONGAN B KECAMATAN KINTAMANI KABUPATEN BANGLI

Village funds are the source of income for each village, need to be controlled over their management, it should right on target and can improve people's lives. This study aims to determine the effects of Accountability, Transparency, Community Participation on Community Empowerment in Village Fund Management in Songan B Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency. The population in this study were the people of Songan B Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency who had voting rights and / or were 17 years old, while 100 people were the object of research (sample). The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the variables of transparency and community participation had a positive and significant effect on community empowerment, while the accountability variable had no effect on community empowerment.