Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Zwicky Transient Facility: Data Processing, Products, and Archive

The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) is a new robotic time-domain survey currently in progress using the Palomar 48-inch Schmidt Telescope. ZTF uses a 47 square degree field with a 600 megapixel camera to scan the entire northern visible sky at rates of ∼3760 square degrees/hour to median depths of g ∼ 20.8 and r ∼ 20.6 mag (AB, 5σ in 30 sec). We describe the Science Data System that is housed at IPAC, Caltech. This comprises the data-processing pipelines, alert production system, data archive, and user interfaces for accessing and analyzing the products. The real-time pipeline employs a novel image-differencing algorithm, optimized for the detection of point-source transient events. These events are vetted for reliability using a machine-learned classifier and combined with contextual information to generate data-rich alert packets. The packets become available for distribution typically within 13 minutes (95th percentile) of observation. Detected events are also linked to generate candidate moving-object tracks using a novel algorithm. Objects that move fast enough to streak in the individual exposures are also extracted and vetted. We present some preliminary results of the calibration performance delivered by the real-time pipeline. The reconstructed astrometric accuracy per science image with respect to Gaia DR1 is typically 45 to 85 milliarcsec. This is the RMS per-axis on the sky for sources extracted with photometric S/N ≥ 10 and hence corresponds to the typical astrometric uncertainty down to this limit. The derived photometric precision (repeatability) at bright unsaturated fluxes varies between 8 and 25 millimag. The high end of these ranges corresponds to an airmass approaching ∼2—the limit of the public survey. Photometric calibration accuracy with respect to Pan-STARRS1 is generally better than 2%. The products support a broad range of scientific applications: fast and young supernovae; rare flux transients; variable stars; eclipsing binaries; variability from active galactic nuclei; counterparts to gravitational wave sources; a more complete census of Type Ia supernovae; and solar-system objects.
Discovery of a Luminous White Dwarf in a Young Star Cluster in the Large Magellanic Cloud

We have identified a candidate ~1-2×105 yr old luminous white dwarf in NGC 1818, a young star cluster in the Large Magellanic Cloud. This discovery strongly constrains the boundary mass Mc at which stars stop forming neutron stars and start forming white dwarfs, to Mc≳7.6 M☉.
Leveraging Mathematics Teacher Leaders in Support of Student and Teacher Learning

ABSTRACT Transforming mathematics learning and teaching toward more equitable and effective approaches is critical to student mathematics learning and identity development. This task at-scale in a district takes time, commitment, and mathematics expertise that may not be widespread in the absence of focused professional development. District and regional mathematics leaders with university mathematics and mathematics education faculty partnered to address this challenge by designing a professional development program that prepared K-12 teachers of mathematics as leaders at the classroom, school, and district level. Described are specific aspects of a professional learning model focused on developing mathematics content, pedagogical, and leadership knowledge and skills. Also provided are findings related to the impact of the project’s professional development on shifts in instructional practice and student achievement.
Electronic and Optical Properties of Rocksalt Mg1−xZnxO and Wurtzite Zn1−xMgxO with Varied Concentrations of Magnesium and Zinc

The structural, electronic and optical properties of rocksalt Mg1−xZnxO and wurtzite Zn1−xMgxO with the concentration of Zn and Mg varying from 0.125 to 0.875 were investigated using density functional theory (DFT), DFT+U, linear response theory and the Bethe–Salpeter equation. According to the experimental band gap for varied concentrations of magnesium and zinc, modeling the supercell was utilized for the varied concentrations of Mg/Zn/O compounds in order to not only avoid constructing the complicated interface systems that are observed in the experiments but also take into account the excitonic effects that usually require huge computational resources. From the calculated density of states, the Zn states are highly related to the edge of the conduction band minimum and responsible for the width of bandgap. In addition, the contribution of Zn–d states is below expectations as they are located away from the VBM. As for the optical response, an increase in Zn concentration would cause a red-shifted spectrum, on the whole. In contrast, the higher concentration of Mg also triggers the blue-shift of the optical spectrum. In addition, anisotropic properties could be found in the spectrum with consideration of the excitonic effects, whereas there is no apparent difference in optical response based on linear response theory. In addition, the optical features of this work reflect the characteristic peaks of the literature around the absorption onset.
Constraining neutrino masses by CMB experiments alone

It is shown that a subelectronvolt upper limit can be derived on the neutrino mass from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data alone in the {lambda}CDM model with the power-law adiabatic perturbations, without the aid of any other cosmological data. Assuming the flatness of the Universe, the constraint we can derive from the current Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe observations is at the 95% confidence level for the sum over three species of neutrinos (m{sub {nu}}<0.66 eV for the degenerate neutrinos) by maximizing the likelihood over six other cosmological parameters. This constraint modifies little even if we abandon the flatness assumption for the spatial curvature. We argue that it would be difficult to improve the limit much beyond using only the CMB data, even if their statistics are substantially improved. However, a significant improvement of the limit is possible if an external input is introduced that constrains the Hubble constant from below. The parameter correlation and the mechanism of CMB perturbations that give rise to the limit on the neutrino mass are also elucidated.
Ferroelectricity Induced by Proper-Screw Type Magnetic Order(Condensed matter: electronic structure and electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

A novel type of magnetic origin of ferroelectric polarization is proposed. In crystals with triclinic, monoclinic, or trigonal (rhombohedral) symmetries, the proper screw type of magnetic ordering can induce ferroelectricity through the variation in the metal–ligand hybridization with spin–orbit coupling. The ferroelectric polarization in delafossite compounds Cu(Fe,Al)O 2 is successfully explained by the mechanism. The relation between the polarization direction and the magnetic modulation vector is also predicted.
Photometric detection of internal gravity waves in upper main-sequence stars

Context. Main sequence stars with a convective core are predicted to stochastically excite internal gravity waves (IGWs), which effectively transport angular momentum throughout the stellar interior and explain the observed near-uniform interior rotation rates of intermediate-mass stars. However, there are few detections of IGWs, and fewer still made using photometry, with more detections needed to constrain numerical simulations. Aims. We aim to formalise the detection and characterisation of IGWs in photometric observations of stars born with convective cores (M ≳ 1.5 M⊙) and parameterise the low-frequency power excess caused by IGWs. Methods. Using the most recent CoRoT light curves for a sample of O, B, A and F stars, we parameterised the morphology of the flux contribution of IGWs in Fourier space using an MCMC numerical scheme within a Bayesian framework. We compared this to predictions from IGW numerical simulations and investigated how the observed morphology changes as a function of stellar parameters. Results. We demonstrate that a common morphology for the low-frequency power excess is observed in early-type stars observed by CoRoT. Our study shows that a background frequency-dependent source of astrophysical signal is common, which we interpret as IGWs. We provide constraints on the amplitudes of IGWs and the shape of their detected frequency spectrum across a range of mass, which is the first ensemble study of stochastic variability in such a diverse sample of stars. Conclusions. The evidence of a low-frequency power excess across a wide mass range supports the interpretation of IGWs in photometry of O, B, A and F stars. We also discuss the prospects of observing hundreds of massive stars with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) in the near future.
Comprehensive Assessments in Bonding Energy of Plasma Assisted Si-SiO2 Direct Wafer Bonding after Low Temperature Rapid Thermal Annealing

Direct wafer bonding is one of the most attractive techniques for next-generation semiconductor devices, and plasma has been playing an indispensable role in the wider adoption of the wafer bonding technique by lowering its process temperature. Although numerous studies on plasma-assisted direct wafer bonding have been reported, there is still a lack of deep investigations focusing on the plasma itself. Other than the plasma surface treatment, the wafer bonding process includes multiple steps such as surface cleaning and annealing that require comprehensive studies to maximize the bonding strengths. In this work, we evaluate the various process steps of Si-SiO2 wafer bonding through case-by-case experimental studies, covering factors including the plasma conditions for surface treatment and secondary factors such as the time intervals between some process steps. The results show that plasma treatment with increasing input power has a trade-off between bonding strengths and interfacial voids, requiring the optimization of the plasma conditions. It is also noticeable that the effects of plasma treatment on wafer bonding can be improved when the plasma-treated wafers are stored in ambient atmosphere before the subsequent process step, which may suggest that wafer exposure to air during the bonding process is advantageous compared to processing entirely in vacuum. The results are expected to allow plasma-assisted direct wafer bonding technology to play a bigger role in the packaging process of semiconductor device manufacturing.
Development of STEM Integrated Physics E-Modules to Improve 21st Century Skills of Students

In the current era of the industrial revolution 4.0, students are required to have 21st century skills. The 21st century skills in question are students mastering the 4C skills, that are Communication, Collaboration, Critical thinking and Creativity skills. These four skills must be possessed by students to face the world in the 21st century. One of the current learning approaches that strongly supports the achievement of 21st century skills is STEM-based learning (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). In supporting the interdisciplinary success of STEM in physics learning, it is necessary to have effective teaching materials, one of which is a module that students can use independently. In this case, the product developed is an integrated STEM physics e-module to improve the 21st century skills of class XI high school students. The e-module was developed using Flip PDF Professional software with reference to the plomp model. This research is carried out until the development or prototype stage. The research results obtained are the development of STEM integrated physics e-modules to improve students' 21st century skills which have been developed to be valid and practical to use in learning
On ergodic theory in non-Archimedean settings

On Ergodic Theory in Non-Archimedean Settings Alena Jassova November 2014 In this thesis we use tools from ergodic theory to study ergodic and metric properties of Schneider’s continued fraction map in non-Archimedean settings. We show that the natural extension of this map is isomorphic to a Bernoulli shift with entropy #(k) #(k)−1 log(#(k)). Results about various averages and moving averages of partial quotients of this expansion are proved as well. We also use ergodic theoretic methods to prove the uniform distribution of β-adic Halton sequences in the form (φβ(kj))j≥1 where a sequence of nonnegative integers (kj) ∞ j=1 is Hartman uniformly distributed and L -good universal and the bases β = (β1, . . . , βs) are special Pisot-Vijayaraghavan numbers.
Group quenching and galactic conformity at low redshift

We quantify the quenching impact of the group environment using the spectroscopic survey GAMA to z=0.2. The fraction of quiescent galaxies (red fraction), whether in groups or isolated, increases with both stellar mass and large-scale (5 Mpc) density. At fixed stellar mass and density, the red fraction of satellites and group centrals is higher than that of isolated galaxies, supporting the idea of "group quenching" rather than satellite quenching. The quenching efficiency with respect to isolated galaxies (a formalism that flattens out the effect of both stellar mass and density) is an increasing function of central color, group stellar mass, and density for satellites of red centrals only, inducing "galactic conformity" : the quenching efficiency is on average higher for satellites of red centrals than of blue centrals. However most of the conformity signal originates from the most massive groups, which reside in the densest environments around the reddest centrals. The star-formation of blue satellites around red centrals in rich/massive groups is also slightly suppressed compared to blue field galaxies of the same mass. In the range of group stellar mass that red and blue centrals have in common, some amount of conformity persists at fixed group stellar mass, independent of density. However, assuming a color-dependent halo-to-stellar-mass ratio, whereby red central galaxies inhabit significantly more massive halos than blue ones of the same stellar mass, we find that conformity disappears entirely at fixed halo mass.
Renormalization Group Improving the Effective Action

The existence of fluctuations together with interactions leads to scale-dependence in the couplings of quantum field theories for the case of quantum fluctuations, and in the couplings of stochastic systems when the fluctuations are of thermal or statistical nature. In both cases the effects of these fluctuations can be accounted for by solutions of the corresponding renormalization group equations. We show how the renormalization group equations are intimately connected with the effective action: given the effective action we can extract the renormalization group equations; given the renormalization group equations the effects of these fluctuations can be included in the classical action by using what is known as improved perturbation theory (wherein the bare parameters appearing in tree-level expressions are replaced by their scale-dependent running forms). The improved action can then be used to reconstruct the effective action, up to finite renormalizations, and gradient terms.
Binary Star Orbits. V. The Nearby White Dwarf/Red Dwarf Pair 40 Eri BC

A new relative orbit solution with new dynamical masses is determined for the nearby white dwarf–red dwarf pair 40 Eri BC. The period is 230.29 ± 0.68 years. It is predicted to close slowly over the next half-century, getting as close as 1. ″32 in early 2066. We determine masses of 0.573 ± 0.018 for the white dwarf and 0.2036 ± 0.0064 for the red dwarf companion. The inconsistency of the masses determined by gravitational redshift and dynamical techniques, due to a premature orbit calculation, no longer exists.
Von Neumann Entropy from Unitarity.

The von Neumann entropy is a key quantity in quantum information theory and, roughly speaking, quantifies the amount of quantum information contained in a state when many identical and independent (i.i.d.) copies of the state are available, in a regime that is often referred to as being asymptotic. In this Letter, we provide a new operational characterization of the von Neumann entropy which neither requires an i.i. d. limit nor any explicit randomness. We do so by showing that the von Neumann entropy fully characterizes single-shot state transitions in unitary quantum mechanics, as long as one has access to a catalyst-an ancillary system that can be reused after the transition-and an environment which has the effect of dephasing in a preferred basis. Building upon these insights, we formulate and provide evidence for the catalytic entropy conjecture, which states that the above result holds true even in the absence of decoherence. If true, this would prove an intimate connection between single-shot state transitions in unitary quantum mechanics and the von Neumann entropy. Our results add significant support to recent insights that, contrary to common wisdom, the standard von Neumann entropy also characterizes single-shot situations and opens up the possibility for operational single-shot interpretations of other standard entropic quantities. We discuss implications of these insights to readings of the third law of quantum thermodynamics and hint at potentially profound implications to holography.
Determination of the Shear Angle in the Orthogonal Cutting Process

Determination of the shear angle by experimental and analytical methods, as well as by numerical simulation, is presented. Experimental determination of the shear angle was performed by analyzing the chip roots obtained by the method of cutting process quick stop through purposeful fracture of the workpiece in the area surrounding the primary cutting zone. The analytical determination of the shear angle was carried out using the chip compression ratio and was based on the principle of a potential energy minimum. Measurement of the shear angle in the numerical simulation of orthogonal cutting was performed using the strain rate pattern of the machined material at the selected simulation moment. It was analyzed how the parameters of the Johnson–Cook constitutive equation and the friction model affect the shear angle value. The parameters with a predominant effect on the shear angle were determined. Then the generalized values of these parameters were established with a software algorithm based on identifying the intersection of the constitutive equation parameter sets. The use of generalized parameters provided the largest deviation between experimental and simulated shear angle values from 9% to 18% and between simulated and analytically calculated shear angle values from 7% to 12%.
Abstract Convex Analysis

Abstract Convexity of Elements of a Complete Lattice. Abstract Convexity of Subsets of a Set. Abstract Convexity of Functions on a Set. Abstract Quasi-Convexity of Functions on a Set. Dualities Between Complete Lattices. Dualities Between Families of Subsets. Dualities Between Sets of Functions. Conjugations. v-Dualities and -|--Dualities. Abstract Subdifferentials. Notes and Remarks. References. Indexes.
Clinical Significance of Lipid Transport Function of ABC Transporters in the Innate Immune System

ABC transporters are a large family of proteins that transport a variety of substrates across cell plasma membranes. Because of this, they are involved in many physiological processes. It is of interest to note that many ABC transporters are involved in the transport of various lipids. In addition, this function may be related to the innate immune system. The evidence that ABC transporters are involved in the regulation of the innate immune system through the transport of various substances greatly enhances the understanding of their clinical significance. ABC transporters are involved in the cellular homeostasis of cholesterol as well as in the regulation of its content in lipid rafts. Through these mechanisms, they can regulate the function of membrane proteins, including receptors of the innate immune system. By regulating lipid transport, some members of ABC transporters are involved in phagocytosis. In addition, ABC transporters are involved in the transport of lipopolysaccharide, lipid mediators of inflammation, and perform other functions in the innate immune system.
A dearth of atomic hydrogen in NGC 1052-DF2

The recently claimed discovery of an ultra-diffuse galaxy lacking dark matter has important implications for alternate theories to dark matter as well as models of galaxy formation within the $\Lambda$CDM context. In this letter, we present a deep Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) search for atomic hydrogen in this ultra-diffuse galaxy, NGC1052-DF2. We report a non-detection of the HI21cm transition from the galaxy and place a stringent upper-limit on the HI mass of the galaxy - $M_{HI} < 3.15 \times 10^6 \ ({\Delta V}/20 \ \textrm{km/s})^{1/2} \ M_\odot \ (3\sigma)$. This makes NGC1052-DF2 an extremely gas poor galaxy with an atomic gas to stellar mass fraction of $M_{HI}/M_* \ < \ 0.016 \ ({\Delta V}/20 \ \textrm{km/s})^{1/2} \ (3\sigma)$. Such low gas fractions are typical of dwarf ellipticals in dense environments and would be consistent with NGC1052-DF2 having undergone a tidal stripping event which can also explain its apparent lack of dark matter.
Quantum Kinetic Theory of a Massless Scalar Model in the Presence of a Schwarzschild Black Hole

We employ quantum kinetic theory to investigate local quantum physics in the background of spherically symmetric and neutral black holes formed through the gravitational collapse. For this purpose in mind, we derive and study the covariant Wigner distribution function W(x,p) near to and far away from the black‐hole horizon. We find that the local density of the particle number is negative in the near‐horizon region, while the entropy density is imaginary. These pose a question whether kinetic theory is applicable in the near‐horizon region. We elaborate on that and propose a possible interpretation of how this result might nevertheless be self‐consistently understood.
Investigation on the lubrication characteristics of low-viscosity lubricated micro-grooved bearings considering turbulence and misalignment

This paper numerically investigates the effect of turbulence and journal misalignment on the lubrication characteristics of micro-grooved bearings with low-viscosity lubricant. The generalized average Reynolds equation satisfying the mass conservation cavitation algorithm is developed by integrating the average flow model proposed by Patir and Cheng, the Ng-Pan turbulent model and the P-Θ model proposed by Elrod and Adams. With this model, the finite difference method is used in the numerical procedure. Moreover, the mathematical models of micro-grooves with different bottom shapes i.e., rectangle, isosceles triangle, left triangle and right triangle are given. The validity of the proposed model is verified by the comparisons with the published literature. Based on numerical simulation, the minimum film thickness, eccentricity ratio, attitude angle, maximum film pressure, friction torque, misalignment moment, film thickness and pressure distributions under different external loads, rotational speeds, radial clearances, misalignment angles and micro-groove parameters between models with and without turbulence and misalignment are comparatively analyzed. The numerical results reveal that turbulence may occur under heavy external load, high rotational speed and large radius clearance. Concurrently, turbulence increases the minimum fluid film thickness and attitude angle, decreases the eccentricity ratio and friction torque, and enhances the bearing capacity. Furthermore, the larger misalignment angle results in the smaller minimum film thickness, eccentricity ratio and attitude angle, and the larger maximum film pressure, misalignment moment and axial tilt of film pressure. Numerical simulations can provide theoretical guidance for the optimization of the geometrical parameters of micro-grooved bearings.