Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of Programmed Death Ligand 1 and C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4 Immunoexpression with Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common type of cervical cancer. Pelvic lymph node metastasis in cervical SCC is common. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells has been reported to impede anti-tumor immunity, resulting in immune evasion. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) plays an important role in proliferation, survival, and migration (chemotaxis) of tumor cells. AIM: This study aimed to analyze the association of PD-L1 and CXCR4 immunoexpression with pelvic lymph node metastasis in cervical SCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty cases of cervical SCC in the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, during 2013–2018 were collected and divided into two groups; (1) cervical SCC metastasize to pelvic lymph node and (2) cervical SCC non-metastasize to pelvic lymph node, of 20 cases, respectively. The expression of PD-L1 and CXCR4 was detected using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: High immunoexpression of PD-L1 and CXCR4 in cervical SCC showed significant association with pelvic lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05). The stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that both PD-L1 and CXCR4 immunoexpression influenced pelvic lymph node metastasis simultaneously. CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that the higher PD-L1 and CXCR4 immunoexpression showed the higher ability of tumor cells to metastasize to the pelvic lymph node.
Essential Oil Composition of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss

Abstract The essential oil of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. (Labiatae) collected from the suburb of Sari, north of Iran, in June 2004, was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS. Fifty-two components were identified in the this oil. The major constituents of the essential oil were δ-3-carene (9.7%), limonene (9.2%), carvacrol (8.3%), 1,8-cineole (6.9%) and carvone (5.1%).
EFFECTS OF SYSTEM DENSITIES ON DISTILLATION COLUMN PERFORMANCE

ABSTRACT Distillation experiments were carried out on three binary systems (ethanol—butanol, ethanol—propan-2-ol, and propan-2-ol-butanol) in a 0.1-m internal diameter glass column packed with 8 mm diameter Raschig rings. The experiments were performed under total reflux conditions and at atmospheric pressure. The data collected on column performance showed that performance declined with increasing average bulk liquid density. The results also lend credence to earlier reports on the behavior of column performance with respect to component concentration in the feed mixtures. The system densities of the three binary systems were measured at four different temperatures, 30, 40, 50, and 60°C. The data were compared with the predicted data of Yen-Woods and Multifluid models. The accuracy of the predictions of the Yen-Woods model was rather poor while that of the Multifluid model was very encouraging.
Financial inclusion and savings in Indonesia

This paper discusses the status of financial inclusion in Indonesia and examines the impact of financial inclusion – based on availability of bank branches on household outcomes – in Indonesia. Based on analysis of the World Bank’s Financial Inclusion Survey (FINDEX) data, Indonesia has made some progress on expanding financial inclusion. The share of individuals with bank accounts rose from less than 20% to just under 50% in 2017. Interestingly, while the gain between 2011 and 2014 was greater for individuals in the upper 60 percentile of income, the gains between 2014 and 2017 were more pro-poor. This progress was made possible due to concerted government efforts to expand financial inclusion. In our empirical analysis, we study how financial inclusion enables households with income gains into savings for assets and earnings. Using the Indonesian Family Life Survey data, we find that living in areas with high density of bank branches helps poor households accumulate savings. The marginal effect of financial inclusion on savings is highest amongst the households in the bottom quintile of per capita consumption distribution. Thus, access to formal financial institutions can lead to improvement in household welfare.
Predatory Pricing and the Value of Corporate Cash Holdings

We analyze the interaction between firms' payout policies and their decisions in product markets in a continuous-time stochastic game between two firms. One of these is financially constrained, whereas the other is not. Contrary to the standard literature we allow firms to choose production and payout strategies, and focus on the effect of predation incentives on both. We find that predation induces fewer dividend payouts. Furthermore, the liquidity position of the constrained firm has an economically significant effect on the production choices of both firms and, thus, on the evolution of profits, cash holdings and stock returns.
Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards prevention of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among Bangladeshi population

Background: Cornonavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared pandemic by the World Health Organization on the 11th March 2020. The knowledge, attitudes and practices of the population towards the COVID-19, play an integral role in determining community’s readiness to engage themselves in government measures including behavioural change in prevention and control of the disease. Objectives: The study was aimed to determine the knowledge levels, attitudes and practices towards the COVID-19 among the Bangladeshi population. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 1549 adult population across Bangladesh including Dhaka city and rural areas during March-April 2020. Data were collected using a structured and pretested questionnaire through online, self-administered and face to face interview. The study instrument consisted of 7 items on socio-demographic characteristics, 12 items on knowledge, 4 items on attitudes and 5 items on practices related to COVID-19. Independent sample t-tests, chi-square tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and binary logistic regression were performed to assess the attitudes and practices in relation to knowledge. Results: Of the total 1549 study population, 1249 were interviewed online, 194 were self-administered and 106 were through face to face interview. The lowest level of knowledge prevailed among the above 50 years’ age group regarding the disease, which was higher among female (p=0.03), and more among the respondents having education level below graduation (p=0.000; OR=1.6, χ2=17.6). Of the total respondents, 73.5% having negative attitude towards use of face mask, though 69.8% having the appropriate knowledge on mode of transmission of the virus (p=0.000). Though, 51.6% of the study population, having adequate knowledge, but only 52.1% using face mask (p>0.05) and 51.8% practicing hand washing (p>0.05). More than 70.0% respondents having knowledge on social distancing, but only 50.0% was practicing it. Male respondents had 1.5 times more knowledge about the social distancing than the female counterpart (p=0.000). Conclusion: Public awareness campaign should be enhanced critically focusing the target audience covering the knowledge gaps, motivation for appropriate practices and further improvement of attitudes towards prevention and control of COVID-19 in Bangladesh thus suggested. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(2): 73-82
Finance in the New U.S. Economy: Local Finance and Service Job Growth in the Post-industrial Economy

Abstract I examine whether local bank finance facilitated the transition to a service-based economy in the U.S. I identify a causal role for local finance in service job creation. I use county-level changes to alcohol laws as demand shocks to service employers across a subsample of U.S. counties. Counties with more local finance experience more service job creation. This leads to labor market transitions that reflect shifts in the broader economy. Information asymmetry and collateral constraints connect local finance to service sector employment. The findings identify a unique role for local finance in the evolution to a postindustrial service-based economy.
Relationships between Power Distance, Organizational Commitment, and Trust in Schools

Power distance is important for the healthy execution of relations, interactions, and communication between managers and employees. Low power distance improves the quality of relationships, interactions, and communication between school administrators and teachers, while high power distance decreases them. The power distance that teachers believe to exist in school may be related to their organizational attitude, value and behaviour. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine the relationships between teachers' power distance beliefs and their organizational commitment and organizational trust. Research data were collected in Giresun, Turkey in 2018. The study group of the research consists of teachers working in public high schools. According to the results of the research, teachers' power distance beliefs are at “low” level. There are positive correlations between teachers' power distance beliefs and their organizational commitment and organizational trust. Teachers' power distance beliefs predict their organizational commitment and organizational trust. The results of the research are thought to contribute to the awareness of the importance of power distance of school administrators in terms of manager-teacher interaction.
Manure management practices applied to a seven‐course rotation on a sandy soil: effects on nitrate leaching

This experiment tested whether it was possible to incorporate broiler litter (BL) or cattle farmyard manure (FYM) into a 7‐yr arable rotation on a sandy soil without causing an increase in nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3‐N) leaching. Four manure treatments (with adjusted fertilizer inputs), varying in frequency and timing of application, were imposed on the rotation and compared with a control that received inorganic fertilizer according to recommended rates. Over seven winters, the annual average NO3‐N leached from the inorganic fertilizer treatment (control) was 39 kg/ha in 183 mm drainage. Total manure N loadings over the period of the experiment ranged between 557 and 1719 kg/ha (80–246 kg/ha/yr) for the four treatments. Three of the four manure treatments significantly increased NO3‐N leaching over the rotation (P < 0.001). Annual applications of FYM (1719 kg/ha manure N or 246 kg/ha/yr) increased NO3‐N leaching by 39%. We hypothesize that this was due to increased mineralization of the organic N accumulating from repeated FYM applications. BL applied each year (1526 kg/ha manure N or 218 kg N/ha/yr) increased NO3‐N leaching by 52% above the control; BL applied 5 of 7 yr (972 kg/ha manure N or 139 kg N/ha/yr on average) and including inadvisable autumn applications increased leaching by 50%. BL applied in late winter or early spring every 2–3 yr (557 kg/ha manure N or 80 kg N/ha/yr on average) resulted in NO3‐N leaching similar to the control. This suggests that to avoid additional NO3‐N leaching from manure use in an arable rotation, manure should not be applied every year and autumn applications should be avoided; there are real challenges where manure is used on an annual basis.
The Limited Power of Monetary Policy in a Pandemic

We embed an extension of the canonical epidemiology model in a New Keynesian model and analyze the role of monetary policy as a virus spreads and triggers a sizable recession. In our framework, consumption is less sensitive to real interest changes in a pandemic than in normal times because individuals have to balance the benefits of taking advantage of intertemporal substitution opportunities with the risk of becoming sick. Accommodative monetary policies such as forward guidance result in large increases in inflation but have only limited effects on real economic activity as long as the risk of infection is large. The optimal design of monetary policy hinges on how other tools used to limit virus spread, such as lockdowns, are deployed. If the lockdown policy is conducted optimally, monetary policy should focus on keeping inflation on target. However, if the lockdown policy is not optimal, the central bank faces a trade-off between its objective of stabilizing inflation and the necessity to minimize the inefficiencies associated with virus spread.
Interaction of aqueous Au species with goethite, smectite and kaolinite

Adsorption of aqueous Au species by goethite, smectite and kaolinite has been investigated as a function of pH at 25 °C. Adsorption isotherms indicate Au is mainly adsorbed as anionic complexes with adsorption edges centred at pH 8.5 for goethite, 7.5 for smectite (Swy-1) and 8.0 for kaolinite (KGa-1). The possibility that colloidal Au species interact with the mineral surfaces cannot be excluded. A zone of slow adsorption of Au(III) complexes exists for goethite at pH <6.5 and kaolinite at pH <8, with complete adsorption from solutions containing <5 μM Au and 1 g/l solids requiring over 100 hours of reaction time. Adsorption by goethite in thepH range 7–9 is more rapid and may be largely attributed to adsorption of Au(OH)3. (H2O)o. The loss of Au from solution at pH values above adsorption edges may be due to adsorption of uncharged Au species or development of colloidal gold. Aqueous phase equilibrium modelling indicates Auo (monomer or colloid) to be the dominant phase at pH 4–10 but its rate of formation in 0.1 M NaCl is slow. The uptake of Au by goethite has been modelled as an inner-sphere surface complexation using the diffuse layer model. The model of best fit was obtained using a single binding site and setting AuCl4−, AuCl3(OH)− and Au(OH)3. (H2O)o as the main Au(III) sorbing species with logKint values for the formation of the adsorbed species of 9, 35 and 17 respectively.
Heavy ion implantation in Ge: Dramatic radiation induced morphology in Ge

High dose ion implantation of heavy elements in Ge induces a rough surface and profile distortions when measured with secondary ion mass spectrometry. In the case of Sb large subsurface holes are also induced by the implantation. The formation of these subsurface structures starts abruptly at a dose between 5∙1014 and 1015at∕cm2. The addition of a SiO2 capping layer on top of Ge prevents the formation of the surface roughness, but has limited impact on the void formation. These voids originate from vacancy clustering during the implant process. Anneal studies show that it is impossible to remove these structures by annealing, limiting the usefulness of high dose Sb implants in Ge for junction formation. In the case of As implantation a similar surface roughness is seen but no void formation. Adding a cap layer removes the surface roughness in this case and improves the secondary ion mass spectroscopy profiles.
Culture-negative and culture-positive septic shock: characteristics and clinical outcomes

Background We evaluated the characteristics and outcomes of culture-negative septic shock versus culture-positive septic shock.Methods We performed a retrospective observational study of data from a prospective registry from 2014 to 2018. A total of 2,499 adult patients with septic shock were enrolled. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality, and the secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stay, a requirement for mechanical ventilation or renal replacement therapy, and in-hospital mortality.Results Of 1,718 patients with septic shock, 1,012 (58.9%) patients were culture-positive (blood 803, urine 302, sputum 102, others 204) and the median pathogen detection time was 9.5 hours (aerobic 10.2 hours and anaerobic 9.0 hours). The most common site of infection among the culture-positive was the hepatobiliary tract (39.5%), while for the culture-negative was the lower respiratory tract (38.2%). The culture-negative group had a lower mean body temperature (37.3 vs 37.7 ℃), lactate (2.5 vs. 3.2 mmol/L), C-reactive protein (11.1 vs 11.9 mg/dL), and sequential organ failure assessment score (7.0 vs. 8.0) than that of the culture-positive group. However, 90-day mortality between the groups was not significantly different (32.7 vs 32.2%, p = 0.83), and the other clinical outcomes also did not differ significantly. Moreover, a shorter culture detection time was correlated with a higher sequential organ failure assessment score but not with mortality.Conclusion Patients with septic shock are frequently culture-negative, especially in cases where the infection focus is in the lower respiratory tract. Although culture-negative was associated with degree of organ dysfunction, it was not an independent predictor of death.
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN PERAWAT TENTANG INTERPRETASI EKG PADA PASIEN ARITMIA DI RUANG ICCU RSUD DR PIRNGADI MEDAN

Perubahan pola hidup masyarakat dan gaya hidup yang kurang sehat pada penyakit kardiovaskuler (jantungdan pembuluh darah) adalah penyebab kematian yang utama di seluruh dunia. Kematian akibat peyakitjantung mengalami angka kejadian yang semakin tinggi. Kelainan pada jantung dapat dideteksi dengan alatelektrokardiogram (EKG) yang memerlukan pengetahuan dalam perekaman dan interpretasinya.Penelitiaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan perawat tentang interpretasiEKG. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional yang melibatkan 13perawat yang bekerja di ruang ICCU RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan dengan metode totalsampling. Alatpengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang berisi 20 item pertanyaan dan lembar observasi berisi 8item pernyataan. Analisis data adalah analisis univariat yang menjelaskan bahwa tingkat pengetahuanperawat dari hasil kuesioner adalah cukup (46,2%) sedangkan dari hasil observasi adalah kurang (46,2%). Dari hasil penelitian ini, maka perawat perlu dibekali ilmu pengetahuan tentang EKG dan interpretasinyamelalui pelatihan
Jebel Qatrani as Geotourism Sites in Egypt: An Exploratory Study

This research aims to identify the natural and geological features of Jebel Qatrani and to explore the role of geosite management in enhancing Jebel Qatrani as geotourism sites. A single case study was applied to reach the research aim. This research is based on a qualitative approach to obtain adequate information for achieving the research aim, direct observation was used for data collection. The results revealed that Jebel Qatrani has attractions such as fossils, rocks, mountains, and fossilized trees. The results indicated that Jebel Qatrani is characterized by unique diversity in geological and geomorphological. Jebel Qatrani has a history and geological importance. The results reported that there is a lack of marketing activities or promotion plans for promoting Jebel Qatrani. Also, there is no pamphlet and brochures to provide information to visitors. The results reported that there is a lack of signboard in place, and there is no food and beverage service. This research has several limitations. Firstly, this research focused on one case study of Jebel Qatrani. Secondly, the literature showed there had been a clear lack of prior research studies on geotourism sites in Egypt, in particularly Jebel Qatrani. Future research should address more geosites in Egypt; it also should undertake to test the findings of this research. Keywords: Attraction, Egypt, Geoheritage, Geosite, Geotourism, Management.
Exchangeable ion and thermal treatment effects on basal spacings of Al-hydroxy pillared montmorillonites

Al-hydroxy intercalated clays (ALHICs) obtained from different parent clays were used to investigate the interactions between oligomers and clay surface layers.The thermal stability of ALHICs obtained from natural, Cs-, Ca-, Ba-, Fe-, Cu- or Ce-montmorillonites has been investigated by studying the relationship between basal spacing and calcination temperature. X-ray diffraction has shown that the basal spacing of ALHICs obtained from Cu-montmorillonite calcined at 550°C is 13.4 Å, different from basal spacings of ALHICs obtained from Fe-montmorillonite (16.0 Å) and other parent clays (16.7 Å). Thermograms for AlHICs obtained from natural, Fe- and Ce-montmorillonites displayed distinct steps at 225 and 650°C, attributed to the dehydration of Al13 oligomers, and the dehydroxylation of the surface layer, respectively. By contrast, thermograms of ALHICs obtained from Cu-montmorillonite displayed one step between 250 and 700°C for both dehydration and dehydroxylation. Mössbauer parameters showed that Fe3+ octahedra in octahedral sheets are distorted in pillared interlayered clay (PILC) obtained from Cu-montmorillonite and undistorted in that obtained from Fe-montmorillonite. The difference in thermal stability for the various ALHICs is attributed to the retention of some of the original cations after intercalation with Al13 oligomers, which induces several interactions between the oligomers and the clay surface layers.
Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy on Gingival Inflammation in Patients undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) with non-LLLT as an adjunct to mechanical debridement in patients who develop gingival inflammation during fixed orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty subjects undergoing comprehensive fixed orthodontic treatment were randomly allocated. Split mouth design was applied for each patient, where the four quadrants were randomly allocated to receive full mouth debridement. The test group (quadrant) received three laser sessions (days 1, 3, and 5) besides debridement while the control group (quadrant) received debridement only. Both bleeding index (BI) and plaque index (PI) were measured after 1 and 3 months, while the total colony forming units (CFU) were measured after 2 and 6 weeks. RESULTS: Clinical assessments (BI and PI) showed a statistically significant decrease at the first follow-up (after 1 month) and a slight increase in the second (after 3 months) that did not reach the base line. While, the total CFU showed a significant decrease in both follow-ups. CONCLUSION: Laser showed superior results in the treatment of gingival inflammation induced by fixed orthodontic appliances other than debridement only.
Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019

The COVID-19 took the world by storm and has become a pandemic. It was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019. This virus is a new type of coronavirus. COVID-19 is caused by SAR-CoV2. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 including clinical symptoms and the tests used to confirm the disease. The research method used is literature review by collecting 25 journals from 2020, these journals were collected from various sources, namely Pubmed, Medscape, Google scholar and WHO, and only 22 articels were used in this study. The results obtained from this study are that it is known that the symptoms of COVID-19 are not specific and initially only mild symptoms such as fever, cough and fatigue and appear gradually. This disease can be confirmed using the rRT-PCR method, besides that a chest CT scan can also be done as a diagnostic test for COVID-19.