Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transplant Age and N and P Nutrition Effects on Growth and Yield of Tomatoes

‘Pik-Red’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants grown in the greenhouse were fertilized with three levels of N and P. Nitrogen at 400 mg·liter-1 and P at 30 mg·liter-1 had produced the largest transplants at 5 weeks after sowing. Nitrogen at 100 mg·liter-1 produced the largest root : shoot ratio. Phosphorus had no effect on root : shoot ratios. Plants fertilized with moderate and high N levels in the greenhouse produced larger early yields in the field, but there was no effect of N or P level applied in the greenhouse on total yield. Four- and 5-week-old plants produced greatest total yields.
Vulnerability of Urban Poor Women and Children to the Triple Burden of Malnutrition: A Scoping Review of the Sub-Saharan Africa Environment

Research in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) show a rapidly increasing trend in co-existence of hunger, micronutrients deficiency as well as overweight/obesity. The paper, vulnerability of urban poor women and children to the triple burden of malnutrition aims at exploring the situation of poor urban women and children in regard to the triple burden of malnutrition in SSA. 65 sources of information were retrieved for review. Many socio-economic and systemic factors appear to put poor urban women and children in SSA slumsat a greater risk of the triple burden of malnutrition.The triple burden of malnutrition has devouring effects on the growth and development of women and children. Evidence suggests high prevalence of the existence and effects of thethree tier complexity of malnutrition (hunger, micronutrients deficiency and over nutrition) among urban poor women and childrenin SSA.
Uji Potensi Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Sebagai Larvasida Terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti Instar III

Aedes aegypti is dengue fever vector which still be a public health problem in Indonesia. Chemical insecticides are the most commonly used as larvacide to control and eradicate Aedes aegypti. However, the long use of chemical larvicides can caused resistance for these vectors. The leaves of papaya (Carica papaya L.) known contains flavonoids and saponins that have potentially as larvicides. This research objective was to know about potention of papaya leaves extract as larvacide for Aedes aegypti, to know about Lethal Concentration value (LC50 and LC90) and Lethal Time value (LT50 and LT90). The experiment research using a completely randomized design was conducted with six levels of concentration of the extract , which is 0% as controls, 0.2 % ; 0.4 % ; 0.6 % ; 0.8 % ; and 1 % with 4 times repetition at each concentration. Then, was observed number of larvae that die every 5 , 10 , 20 , 40 , 60 , 120 , 240 , 480 , 1440 , 2880, and 4320 minutes. ANOVA Test and BNT Test resulted the most effective concentration than controls (0%) was 1%. Probit analysis result showed that LC50 value was 0,8% and LC90 value was 1,3%. LT50 value and LT90 in this research are . 278,73 minutes (37,97 hours) and 15.820,22 minutes (263,67 hours). The results of this research showed that papaya leaves extract is potential as larvicides for Aedes aegypti larvae and the most effective extract was 1%. Key word : Papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.), Larvacide, Aedes aegypti larvae
EFFECT OF AGE AND GENDER ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL, HORMONES AND ADIPOCYTOKINES PARAMETERS IN IRAQI TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Older age is very closely correlated to risk for developing type 2 diabetes. In the present study we evaluated the effect of age and gender on biochemical, hormones and adipocytakines parameters: Fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, insulin, Insulin resistance, Blood urea, serum creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, vitamin D, adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-α. Eighty random samples of type 2diabetes patients and a control group which included 20 healthy subjects. The average age was 45.18 ± 1.18year. The blood was collected for study the biochemical, hormones and adipocytakines parameters. The results: The age of all patients was 45.18 ± 1.18year compared with the control 38.56 ± 2.21year showed significant (P<0.05) differences between them. With gender according to no significant differences were found between male 51.95% and female 48.05% in patients’ group and control 55.56%, 44.44% respectively. The finding showed increasing levels of FBS with increasing age. The lowest level of FBS was in 20-29 year, significantly (P<0.05) lower than the other age categories, increasing levels of HbA1c was found with increasing age. Serum insulin and IR levels revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase in 40-49 and 50-59 years. Increasing levels of Blood urea with increasing age. Parathyroid hormone and vitamin D were significantly (P<0.05) increased in age category 20-29 year. Increase in levels of FBS, Blood urea, Serum creatinine and calcitonin levels in men than women. The results of the present study showed the impact of type 2 diabetes on age and gender.
Erectile dysfunction among male patients diagnosed with schizophrenia being treated with antipsychotic medication, and the impact on quality of life

Introduction Erectile dysfunction is a distressing side effect of antipsychotics, which leads to poor medication compliance and poor quality of life. There is a scarcity of studies on antipsychotic-induced sexual dysfunction in Sri Lanka. We assessed the prevalence of erectile dysfunction among patients with schizophrenia who have been prescribed antipsychotic medication. Methods A cross sectional, descriptive study was conducted among patients attending the outpatient clinics of Colombo North Teaching Hospital and National Hospital, Sri Lanka. The five item International Index for Erectile Dysfunction, Erection Hardness Score and World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale were used to assess erectile dysfunction and quality of life. Results Of the 102 patients in the study, 80 (79%) were found to have erectile dysfunction. The largest proportion of erectile dysfunction was seen in patients who were prescribed clozapine (87.9%), followed by risperidone (82.1%), olanzapine (73.9%) and fluphenazine (68.8%). There was no significant correlation between erectile dysfunction and quality of life. None of the patients had initiated a discussion about sexual side effects, while only 8.3% reported that their psychiatrist had inquired about the sexual dysfunction. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that sexual dysfunction is a common but often overlooked phenomenon among patients with schizophrenia. This study highlights the need for Sri Lankan psychiatrists to explore sexual problems in this cohort of patients.
The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles

Who was Richard Kemp, after whom the Kemp's ridley sea turtle is named? Is Wake's Gecko named after Berkeley's Marvalee Wake? Or perhaps her husband, David? Why do so many snakes and lizards have Werner in their name? This reference book answers these and thousands of other questions about the origins of the vernacular and scientific names of reptiles across the globe. From Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti, the Florida cottonmouth subspecies named for Roger Conant, to Xantusia, the night lizard genera namesake of John Xantus, this dictionary covers everyone after whom an extant or recently extinct reptile has been named. The entries include a brief bio-sketch, a list of the reptiles that bear the individual's name, the names of reptiles erroneously thought to be associated with the person, and a summary of major-and sometimes obscure or even incidental-contributions made by the person to herpetology and zoology. An introductory chapter explains how to use the book and describes the process of naming taxa. Easy to use and filled with addictive-and highly useful-information about the people whose names will be carried into the future on the backs of the world's reptiles, The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles is a handy and fun book for professional and amateur herpetologists alike.
Challenges of palliative care for children with cancer in Iran: a review

Pediatric palliative care is a holistic caring approach for children and families that begins with diagnosis of a life-threatening illness and continues until death; it aimed to relieve pain and other symptoms in physical, mental, social and spiritual aspects. In spite of available evidence concerning optimal outcomes of the provision of palliative care, establishment of a palliative care system for children has hardly been feasible so far due to a number of challenges. Therefore, this review study aimed at identifying the challenges of the provision of pediatric palliative care along with the relevant solutions. The identified challenges were classified into two categories including structure-based challenges (i.e. lack of a clear structure in the health system and classification of services, shortage of specialized staff, insufficient home care services, absence of health care tariffs along with insurance coverage of palliative care services) and process-based challenges (i.e. absence of guidelines, lack of educational programs for family, family attitudes and beliefs, communication barriers, and lack of access to opioids). Thereafter, the solutions for each challenge are provided in accordance with the available literature separately. Given the significance of palliative care for children with cancer and in order to improve the quality of life of the children and the families, it appears necessary that policymakers and managers take account of the challenges as well as the feasibility and the implementation of provided solutions.
Efficiency evaluation of quadratic inference functions in the analysis of longitudinal medical data

Background ― In medical research, longitudinal studies have important and functional roles. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) is used for the analysis of longitudinal and correlated data required to determine the correlation structure among responses. If this structure is set incorrectly, the parameter estimates will be consistent thus this method may not work. To improve the efficiency of parameter estimates, the quadratic inference function (QIF) method is therefore proposed. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the performance of these two methods. Methods ― This study was designed to compare the efficiency of parameter estimates using data from one blinded randomized clinical trial on the impact of probiotic drops on infantile colic. The effect of probiotic drops on crying time was modeled by GEE and QIF methods. Based on parameter estimates, the efficiency of the two methods was compared. Results ― The coefficient estimates of the two methods changed only slightly however, the relative efficiency of the parameter estimates from GEE and QIF was 1.23, when used on a mis-specified first-order autoregressive correlation structure. Therefore, for the specified correlation structure that is exchangeable, the relative efficiency was 1.001. The findings obtained from the QIF method showed that the mean baby crying had a significant difference on time between the two cases and control groups (P<0.001). Time (first, second and third weeks) was shown to be a major determinant of healing in infantile colic (P=0.001). Conclusion ― When selecting an incorrect correlation structure, the QIF method is more efficient than GEE. Thus, GEE can help researchers obtain more reliable results herein.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

The incidence of infection often occurs in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) due to hyperglycemia that causes dysfunction of chemotaxis, phagocytic activity, malfunction of neutrophils and glycosuria. It is followed by other complications that lead to the malfunction of the bladder. Highly urinary glucose level is an exellent medium for pathogenic microorganisms growth. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) is a risk factor for symptomatic urinary tract infection spontaneously or due to urinary catheters. This study aimed to analyze the association between the incidence of ASB of type 2 DM and glycemic control. The study was conducted during June-August 2016 with a cross-sectional method. Subjects were type 2 DM patients with age ≤60 years, who were treated in the Endocrinology Out-Patient Clinic of the Adam Malik Hospital. HbA1c was measured by Indiko automatic analyzer. Its association with urine culture results was analyzed. A total of 50 samples were enrolled, consisting of 25 females, and 25 males, with 19 having an exellent glycemic control (HbA1c <7%) and 31 with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7%). Thirteen positive ASB were found, 5 with good glycemic control and 8 with poor glycemic control. Statistical analysis revealed a nonsignificant association between glycemic control and culture results (p = 1.000). Somers’d did not show a significant association between glycemic control and the incidence of ASB (p=0.968, d=-0.005). However, significant differences in culture results between gender, in which the ASB were found in samples of four females and two males (p=0.004). Somers’d revealed a significant association between culture results and gender (p=0.001; d=-0.360). Most of the bacteria found were Gram-negative. There was no significant association between glycemic control with an incidence of ASB. However, gender had significant differences in the incidence of ASB, which occurred more frequently in DM females than males. Urinalysis should be performed in patients with type 2 DM with ASB. However, further study was needed to analyze the relationship between glycemic control with the incidence of ASB and other factors that might affect the incidence of ASB.
Physical Activity Education for Adults with Refugee Background in the United States

Objectives: This qualitative project aimed at examining factors preventing or promoting practice of frequent exercising among diverse refugee groups resettled in a metropolitan area in the Intermountain region. Methods: A total of 4 education sessions on physical exercises were successfully offered to individuals with refugee background who were interested in this topic. Pre- and post-class surveys, field notes, and focus group questionnaire were developed based on the Health Belief Model. Focus group discussions were conducted at the end of each education session. A total of 7 participants completed pre- and post-class surveys and 6 participants joined focused group discussions. In addition, there were physical activity class participants who were not eligible for the survey and a focus group. Results: The study revealed four important findings. Participants were knowledgeable of the health benefits of frequent exercising. Busy schedule, low energy, not knowing the importance of physical activity, pain, and unawareness of local resources were identified as barriers for not practicing exercise more often. Most participants indicated that they needed more physical activity and planned on adding more exercises to their daily activities. Participants expressed cultural differences in practice of physical exercise before and after they resettled in the US. Conclusion: This study provided insights on physical activity practice among a group of refugees resettled in the US. Future interventions should focus on providing a comprehensive education session, in combination with developing communitybased programs aiming at creating new or improving existing resources and facilities that are culturally appropriate for refugees from diverse background.
PERFORMANCE OF FREE-RANGE BROILER CHICKENS UNDER DIFFERENT RESTRICTED FEEDING REGIMENS

Philipp J Vet Anim Sci 2013, 39 (1): 63-70 Ninety 5-week-old free-range broiler chickens were raised for six weeks to investigate the growth performance in response to different restricted feeding regimens. The birds were randomly distributed to three treatment groups: Treatment 1 - three times a day; Treatment 2 - fed twice a day; and Treatment 3 - fed once a day. Each treatment group was replicated three times with ten birds per replication. Production parameters and dressing recovery were measured and subjected to analysis of variance in a completely randomized design. The average final weight and gain in weight of broilers in Treatment 1 were higher than the other two treatments (P 0.05). No mortality was observed in all treatment groups. Birds fed thrice a day (Treatment 1) showed the highest income over feed cost, followed by Treatment 2. The results suggest that higher production and income in freerange broiler chickens can be achieved by feeding thrice a day, compared to twice a day or once a day feeding.
Effect of Hyperlipidemia on Cell Mediated Immunity; Could it be as Predisposing Factor of Cancer Risk

Background: The relationship between obesity and some diseases proposes a main interaction among the host lipid metabolism and immune system. On the other hand, inflammation and remarkably cytokines play a key role in defense against pathogenesis and tumor initiation. Objective: In this project, we aim to investigate the effects of hyperlipidemia on Th1 differentiation, expression of Th1 secreted cytokines and the risk of cancer. Methods: PBMCs were isolated from whole blood of 40 hyperlipidemia patients and 40 normal volunteers. After synthesizing cDNAs from total mRNAs, real-time PCR was performed for IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α cytokines, T-bet transcription factor and β-actin (as an internal control). The expression ratios were analyzed in hyperlipidemia patients in comparison with the normal group. Results: statistically significant decrease was shown at the mRNA expression level of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α and T-bet genes in hyperlipidemia patients (P≤ 0.006). Conclusion: High level cholesterol and LDL leads to decreased expression of Th1 related cytokines, weakened cell mediated immunity and increase risk of cancer in hyperlipidemia patients.
RhoA, B, and C in cancer: Study of statin-induced changes in Rho signaling, and identification of isoform-specific Rho effectors

The three Rho subfamily members, RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC, share 85% sequence identity, yet display opposite phenotypes. Whereas RhoA and RhoC proteins promote cellular proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and human cancers, RhoB hinders oncogenesis. How such similar proteins can have such opposing functions is not clearly defined. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), typically prescribed for their cholesterol-lowering properties, were additionally found to lower rates of various cancers. Rho proteins were hypothesized to contribute to this anti- tumorigenic effect given that one of the pleiotropic effects of statins is inhibition of Rho prenylation. In our experiments, we found that RhoA and RhoC were more sensitive to the statin-induced decline in prenylation than RhoB, likely due to the ability of RhoB to be additionally farnesylated. In addition, we found that RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC activation and expression were greatly increased in lovastatin-treated cells. An increase in activated, GTP-bound Rho occurred even when RhoA and RhoC were completely unprenylated. This increase in Rho activation was at least partly explained by the decreased ability of unprenylated Rho to associate with its Rho- dissociation inhibitor, RhoGDI\[alpha\]. An increase in activated, yet unprenylated, Rho in response to statins could lead to a potential gain-of-function or a loss-of- function for Rho, and we hypothesized that this might explain how statins provide their anti-oncogenic properties. However, many statin-induced effects on proliferation, transcription, apoptosis, and polyploidy could not be explained by a change in Rho function and we found no evidence that the lovastatin-induced increase in RhoB contributed significantly to the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of lovastatin in human leukemia cells. We used a proteomics approach to search for Rho interacting factors with differential binding affinity for RhoA/C and RhoB. Through the use of affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, we identified a novel RhoA and RhoC isoform-specific interacting protein, IQGAP1. The binding to IQGAP1 was found to be dependent on the activation and prenylation state of Rho. Like RhoA and RhoC, IQGAP1 has many pro-proliferative, pro-invasion, and pro-oncogenesis properties. The lack of RhoB association with IQGAP1 may explain in part how this Rho isoform differs so dramatically in its function from RhoA and C.
Gender and Racial Disparities in Provision of Transplant Information in Elderly Dialysis Patients

Introduction Kidney transplantation offers survival benefit and improved quality of life in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Elderly represent the highest growth among incident ESRD. However, after considering the influence of pre-dialysis health status, the effects of race and gender on provision of transplant information during dialysis initiation in elderly dialysis patients remains unknown. Methods We evaluated 49,645 adult incident dialysis patients (1/1/2008 to 12/31/2008) from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) with linked Medicare data for at least 2 years prior to dialysis initiation. Information on pre-dialysis health status was obtained from form 2728 and linked Medicare claims. Using logistic regression models adjusted for 18 covariates; we examined the effect of gender and race on provision of transplant information in elderly dialysis patients. Results Of the study cohort, 45% were female, 62% were White and 26% were octogenarian. Mean age was 72±11 years. Of ESRD patients, only 66% were informed of transplant option at time of 2728 filing. Pre-dialysis nephrology care was received by 59% of patients and pre-dialysis acute hospitalization occurred in 89% of patients. Overall, one-year mortality was 31%; it was 28% in patients those informed about kidney transplant option and 38% in those that were not informed (P<0.001). Whites received more pre-dialysis nephrology care as compared to Asians, Blacks and Hispanics (61% vs. 59% vs. 57% vs. 54%, p<0.001). Females received less pre-dialysis nephrology care than males (58.6% vs. 60%, p=0.002). Whites had the lowest rate of being informed about kidney transplant, whereas Asians had the highest rate of being informed (64% vs. 72%, p value <0.001). Fewer females were informed about kidney transplant than males (65% vs. 66%, p=0.003). In adjusted analyses, Blacks, Hispanics and Asians were more likely to be informed of transplant option at the time of dialysis initiation as compared to Whites [(odds ratio [OR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.19), OR= 1.07, CI, 1.00-1.15) and OR=1.35, CI, 1.198-1.520]. Females were less likely to be informed of transplant option than males (OR = 0.94, CI, 0.90-0.98). Conclusion Among elderly Medicare beneficiaries’, as compared to Whites, Blacks are 7% more likely, Hispanics are 14% more likely and Asians are 35% more likely to get provision of transplant information. Females are 6% less likely than males to get provision of transplant information. These differences across race and gender are independent of pre-dialysis heath status, among other factors. Further studies are needed to address race and gender based barriers to access to transplantation at the time of dialysis initiation.