Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of experts' positive word-of-mouth on a wine's perceived quality and value: the moderator role of consumers' expertise

This study examines the effects of positive word-of-mouth from a knowledgeable source on quality and value perceptions of wine. These effects were analyzed considering the potential differences produced by a wine's price and participants' level of expertise on the category. Data were collected using an experimental design in which price and positive word-of-mouth were manipulated, consumer expertise on the category was controlled, and perceptions of quality and value were measured. Results suggest that positive word-of-mouth from a knowledgeable source positively affects quality and value perceptions, but those effects are contingent on the price of the wine under evaluation and the level of consumer expertise. For a low-priced wine, the effect of positive word-of-mouth on perceived quality is greater for expert consumers than for novice consumers, whereas for a high-priced wine this increase of perceived quality is observed only for novice consumers. Results also revealed a significant increase on perceived value for both novice and expert consumers, but only for the low-priced wine.
Widenmannite, a rare uranyl lead carbonate: occurrence, formation and characterization

Abstract The rare uranyl lead carbonate widenmannite, Pb2(UO2)(CO3)3, was found at the Jánská vein, Příbram, Czech Republic, where two generations occur in several morphological types and mineral associations in hydrothermal veins. Alpha spectroscopy shows that these two generations have different ages, >220,000 and 118±12 y. ICP-MS analysis indicates that both widenmannites have a dominance of non-radiogenic Pb which originates from weathered galena. The older widenmannite I forms fine-grained, grey to beige aggregates in the highly altered supergene part of the hydrothermal ore vein in association with pyromorphite, cerussite and goethite. The younger widenmannite II occurs as white, yellow or greenish-yellow thin tabular crystals up to 0.5 mm long in association with cerussite, anglesite, limonite, kasolite and an unnamed Pb-U-O phase. Thermal analysis suggests that widenmannite decomposes in several steps, with Pb uranate as the final product. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy confirm the presence of non-equivalent (CO3)2- groups, bidentately coordinated in uranyl hexagonal polyhedra, forming the well known uranyl tricarbonate complex. Infrared spectroscopy shows conclusively that widenmannite does not contain molecular H2O.
Calculation of the excitation transfer matrix elements between the S2 or S1 state of carotenoid and the S2 or S1 state of bacteriochlorophyll

Formalism of the excitation transfer matrix element applicable for any multiconfigurational wave functions is made. On the basis of the resultant formulas, the excitation transfer matrix elements between the S2 or S1 state of a carotenoid, neurosporene, and the S2 or S1 state of bacteriochlorophyll a are calculated at various stacked configurations of the two molecules. The results show that the excitation transfer from the carotenoid S1 state to the bacteriochlorophyll S1 state via the Coulomb mechanism including multipole–multipole interactions takes place very efficiently in a speed more rapid than that via the electron‐exchange mechanism. The results also show that the excitation transfer from carotenoid to bacteriochlorophyll occurs directly from the carotenoid S2 state, as well as from the carotenoid S1 state. Furthermore, it is shown that the excitation transfer matrix element due to the electron‐exchange interaction has an oscillatory dependence on the displacement of one molecule from the other w.
Preparation and characterization of poly(styrene-co-butadiene) and polybutadiene rubber/clay nanocomposites

Poly(styrene-co-butadiene) rubber (SBR) and polybutadiene rubber (BR)/clay nanocomposites have been prepared. The effects of the incorporation of inorganically and organically modified clays on the vulcanization reactions of SBR and BR were analysed by rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry. A reduction in scorch time (ts1) and optimumtime (t95) was observed for both the rubbers when organoclay was added and this was attributed to the amine groups of the organic modifier. However, ts1 and t95 were further increased as the clay content was increased. A reduction in torque value was obtained for the organoclay nanocomposites, indicating a lower number of crosslinks formed.The organoclays favoured the vulcanization process although the vulcanizing effect was reduced with increasing clay content. The tensile strength and elongation of SBR were improved significantly with organoclay. The improvement of the tensile properties of BR with organoclay was less noticeable than inorganic-modified clay. Nevertheless, these mechanical properties were enhanced with addition of clay. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were dependent on filler size and dispersion, and also compatibility between fillers and the rubber matrix.
Trifluoromethylation of [60]- and [70]Fullerene in the Ionization Chamber of a Mass Spectrometer

Abstract Both [60]- and [70]fullerene react with either the Scherer radical (perfluorodiisopropylethylmethyl, C9F19), a mixture of branched perfluorononenes (C9F18, the product of hexafluoropropene trimerization), or β-fluorosulphatotetrafluoroethyldiheptafluoroisopropylmethyl radical (C9F18OSO2F) in the ionization chamber of a mass spectrometer to give the positive parent ions of trifluoromethylation products, the reaction being accompanied by hydrogen addition. The reaction occurs at least partly on the walls of the ionization chamber, by a radical mechanism employing CF3 radicals formed from the radical reactants both thermally and under electron impact; only the latter route occurs with the perfluorononenes.
TWO-FLUID MODEL FOR PNEUMATIC DRYING OF PARTICULATE MATERIALS

The Two-Fluid model has been used for modeling the flow of particulate materials through pneumatic dryer. The model was solved for a one-dimensional steady-state condition and was applied to the drying process of wet PVC particles in a large-scale pneumatic dryer and to the drying process of wet sand in a laboratory-scale pneumatic dryer. A two-stage drying process was implemented. In the first drying stage, heat transfer controls evaporation from the saturated outer surface of the particle to the surrounding gas. At the second stage, the particles were assumed to have a wet core and a dry outer crust; the evaporation process of the liquid from a particle assumed to be governed by diffusion through the particle crust and by convection into the gas medium. As evaporation proceeds, the wet core shrinks while the particle dries. The drying process is assumed to stop when the moisture content of a particle falls to a predefined value or when the particle riches the exit of the pneumatic dryer. Our developed model was solved numerically and two operating conditions, adiabatic and given pneumatic dryer wall temperature, were simulated. Comparison between the prediction of the numerical models of Rocha and DryPak, (Pakowski, 1996), which were presented by Silva and Correa (1998), with the prediction of our numerical simulation reviled better agreements with DryPak then with the models of Rocha. The results of the developed model were also compared with experimental results of Baeyens et al. (1995) and Rocha.
Effects of Heavy Metals Pollution in Soil and Plant in the Industrial Area, West ALGERIA

Alzinc is a ursine situated in the Ghazaouet town western part of the republic of Algeria. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of contamination which soil and plants are burdened with some heavy metals: Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Mn, Cr, Fe and As, then the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and plant adjacent of area the alzinc ursine was detected and the interdependence of pollution among all three regions of the environment determined . This paper analyzes the heavy metal contents within a 2-years period in the soil and plants at the beginning of the vegetation period. The presence of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Mn, Cr, Fe and As, in the samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). Measurements of heavy metal contents were performed at three locations in soil and vegetative parts of three-plant types (plant alimentary) period during summer. The plant samples from the immediate environment of the dumpsite were highly contaminated with Zn, Cd and Mn. Three plants species: grape, artichoke and pepper, particularly, grape met some of the conditions to be classified as accumulators for Zn, Cu, Cd and Fe, consequently, she revealed a health risk for human and livestock due to the spread of the metal pollution from waste dumpsites to agricultural areas.
Room temperature electron spin relaxation in GaInNAs multiple quantum wells at 1.3μm

The authors report a direct measurement of electron spin relaxation in GaInNAs semiconductor multiple quantum wells at room temperature. Multiple quantum wells of widths 5.8, 7, and 8nm exhibiting excitonic absorption around 1. 3μm have been studied. Spin relaxation times were found to increase with well width in the range of 77–133ps. The spin relaxation time dependence on first electron confinement energy suggests the Elliot-Yafet mechanism [A. Tackeuchi et al., Physica B 272, 318 (1999)] as the dominant relaxation process.
KINETICS OF LYCOPENE DEGRADATION IN TOMATO PUREE BY HEAT AND LIGHT IRRADIATION

Lycopene as a natural antioxidant may provide protection against a broad range of epithelial cancers. Tomatoes and tomato-based food products are a major source of lycopene compounds. Thermal processing is the main procedure in tomato puree production. Heat and light induces lycopene oxidation and isomerization of the all-trans form to the cis form. The level of cis-isomers increases as treatment time increases but only for a short period during the beginning of the treatment. The major effect of thermal processing was a significant decrease in the total lycopene content. Lycopene is relatively stable if heated at temperatures below 100C, but the duration of heating must be taken into consideration. The kinetics of lycopene degradation was analyzed. A shorter period of time of heating and less light irradiation in processing and storage would reduce lycopene degradation to a great extent.
The effect of cultivar and environment on saponin content of Australian sweet lupin seed

Seed from six cultivars of the lupin species Lupinus angustifolius were grown over 2 years in four areas of Australia, with up to 15 plots sampled within each area. Saponin contents in the harvested seed ranged from 379 to 740 mg kg -1 . Three saponins were detected, two of which possessed chromatographic properties identical to soyasaponins I and VI, while the third appeared to possess a novel structure. The changes observed in saponin content were found to be mainly dependent on variety, followed by the site and then the region where grown. No significant effect was found between growing seasons although there was a strong correlation between saponin content and the site grown.
Sorption behavior of tylosin and sulfamethazine on humic acid: kinetic and thermodynamic studies

With the aim to investigate the kinetics and thermodynamics of tylosin (TYL) and sulfamethazine (SMT) sorption on humic acid (HA), batch sorption experiments were performed using batch reactor systems. The results indicated that the Freundlich model was much more suitable for explaining the sorption of TYL/SMT on HA, where the sorption rates for TYL/SMT decreased with the initial concentration and the sorption equilibrium could be attained within 24 h. Based on the intraparticle diffusion model, the sorption process of TYL and SMT on HA could be divided into the fast sorption stage and the slow sorption stage. The kinetic data were well-fitted to the compartment pseudo first order model, where both surface diffusion and intraparticle diffusion may play an important role in rate-controlling processes. At a specific aqueous concentration, the single-point sorption distribution coefficient (kd) of TYL and SMT decreased when the solution pH and ionic strength increased, which suggested that the sorption of TYL and SMT on HA might be dominated by both ion exchange, surface complexation and hydrophobic interactions. Meanwhile, thermodynamic calculations of sorption of TYL and SMT on HA revealed that the sorption was endothermic and spontaneous at different temperatures and the transportation abilities of TYL and SMT might be weak for soils rich in HA.
Effects of nitrogen supply on water-use efficiency of higher plants

The worldwide increase of food demand and reduced sweet-water availability in some important food-producing regions raised interest in more efficient water use, which has become one of the central research topics in agriculture. Improved irrigation management and reduced bare-soil evaporation have highest priority to increase agronomic water-use efficiency (WUE). Compared to these technical (irrigation) and basic (crop production) management options, effects of nutrient management on WUE were less frequently considered. Twenty-nine publications on nitrogen (N) effects on biomass WUE of container-grown plants are considered in this review. Most of them indicate positive N effects on WUE, and relevance of N effects on intrinsic WUE and unproductive water and carbon loss is discussed. A plot of 90 published data of percent decreases of WUE and dry mass under variable N supply is presented. Extrapolation of biomass WUE from leaf measurements of intrinsic WUE is critically reviewed. The positive correlation between WUE and dry-mass formation suggests that physiological rather than stomatal effects are more important in order to explain positive N effects on WUE.
Post‐irradiation cracking of H2 and formation of interface states in irradiated metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors

Molecular hydrogen is alternately introduced into and removed from the gate oxide of irradiated metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors at room temperature by changing the ambient between forming gas (10/90% H2/N2) and nitrogen. Using charge pumping, it is observed that H2 causes a simultaneous buildup of interface states and decrease of trapped positive charge. The results are explained by a reaction sequence in which H2 is cracked to form mobile H+, which under positive bias drifts to the Si/SiO2 interface, and reacts to produce a dangling‐bond defect. The rate limiting step over most of the time domain studied is the cracking process. Two types of cracking sites are modeled by molecular orbital calculations: oxygen vacancies (E’ centers) and broken bond hole traps (BBHTs). Initial‐ and final‐state energies, as well as the activation energies, are calculated. The calculations indicate that the latter is the more likely H2 cracking site. The combined experimental and theoretical results sugges.
Silver-Indium-Cadmium Control Rod Behavior in Severe Reactor Accidents

Silver-indium-cadmium (Ag-In-Cd) control rod behavior in severe reactor accidents is examined with a goal of improving the methodology used to estimate reactor accident source terms. Control rod behavior in both in-pile and out-of-pile experiments is reviewed. A mechanistic model named VAPOR is developed that calculates the downward relocation and simultaneous vaporization behavior of the Ag-In-Cd alloy expected after control rod failure in a severe reactor accident. VAPOR is used to predict the release of silver, indium, and cadmium vapors expected in the Power Burst Facility (PBF) severe fuel damage (SFD) 1-4 experiment. In addition, a sensitivity study is performed to examine the effects of system pressure and flow rate on control rod vapor release. Although cadmium is found to be the most volatile constituent of the alloy, all of the calculations predict that the rapid relocation of the alloy down to cooler portions of the core results in a limited release for all three control rod alloy vapors. Results of the control rod and aerosol behavior in PBF and SFD 1-4 are presented.
Density functional theory study of the adsorption of oxygen molecule on iron phthalocyanine and cobalt phthalocyanine

Iron phthalocyanine (FePc) and cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) molecules have been studied in the past as possible catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) computation results of oxygen molecule (O2) adsorption on FePc and CoPc molecules are reported. For O2 on FePc, both end-on and side-on configurations are found to be energetically favourable but the end-on adsorption configurations are more stable than the side-on configurations. Moreover, our results predicted that compared to those in the end-on configuration, the adsorbed O2 molecules in the side-on configuration have weaker O–O bonds, which led us to believe that the side-on configurations would be more active in catalysing oxygen reduction reaction. In contrast, we found that only end-on configurations are energetically stable for O2 on CoPc. Based on our DFT calculation results and the corresponding experimental observations, we postulate that on the surface of transition metal phthalocyanine catalyst molecules the side-on adsorption of O2 molecules could promote four-electron oxygen reduction process while the end-on adsorption of O2 molecules would facilitate two-electron oxygen reduction process.
Ammonia Concentration and Modeled Emission Rates from a Beef Cattle Feedyard

Ambient NH3 concentrations were measured at a beef cattle CAFO during the spring and summer months of 2007. Concentrations were measured every five minutes, 24-hours per day at a sample intake height of 3.3 m using a chemiluminescence analyzer. On site weather data was collected concurrently. Emission rates were estimated using a backward Lagrangian Stochastic model (WindTrax 2.0.7.8). Mean 24-hr concentrations for spring were 0.498, 0.597 and 0.568 ppm for March, April and May, respectively. Corresponding fluxes for March, April and May were 57.76, 123.10 and 86.34 µg m-2 sec-1, respectively. Summer mean ambient concentrations were 0.684, 0.702 and 0.568 ppm for June, July and August, respectively. Summer fluxes were 85.27, 75.06 and 71.56 µg m-2 sec-1 for June, July and August, respectively.
Use of biochar and oxidized lignite for reconstructing functioning agronomic topsoil: Effects on soil properties in a greenhouse study

Bekele, A. , Roy, J. L. and Young, M. A. 2015. Use of biochar and oxidized lignite for reconstructing functioning agronomic topsoil: Effects on soil properties in a greenhouse study. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 269-285. Interest in the use of biochar as soil amendment has grown recently. However, studies evaluating its potential use for reclamation of disturbed agricultural lands are lacking. We studied the effects of amending clay, loam, and sand subsoil substrates with wood biochar pyrolized at 800°C, oxidized lignite (humalite), or labile organic mix (sawdust, wheat straw, and alfalfa; LOM) on soil organic carbon (C), microbial biomass, dry aggregated size distribution and penetration resistance in greenhouse. We also considered the co-application of LOM and biochar or humalite to the subsoil substrates as treatments where C from either biochar or humalite represented a stable form of C. The amount and composition of the mix of organic amendments was determined for each subsoil so that organic C levels of reconstructed topsoil would be equivalent to that of the corresponding native topsoil in the long term. Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were grown in rotation in four sequential greenhouse studies. Results from soil analysis at the end of study II and study IV showed that subsoils amended with biochar or humalite had higher organic C than those with LOM only, regardless of soil type. Labile organic mix added alone or together with biochar or humalite to subsoil increased microbial biomass and decreased geometric mean diameter of the dry soil aggregates. The effects of biochar or humalite-only amendment on these soil properties were not significant relative to the unamended subsoil substrate. Simultaneous application of biochar or humalite with LOM can potentially be used for topsoil reconstruction and reclamation of disturbed agricultural lands, and to maintain soil quality in the long term. However, long-term field studies are required to ascertain the longevity of the desirable properties reported in this study and to assess effects associated with aging of biochar or humalite in the soil.
Extremely high-mobility two dimensional electron gas: Evaluation of scattering mechanisms

We report on the characterization of selectively doped GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures, grown by an extremely clean molecular beam epitaxy system, which exhibit a Hall mobility of a two dimensional electron gas exceeding 10×106 cm2/Vs for a wide range of undoped spacer layer thickness (50–100 nm). A maximum electron mobility of 14.4×106 cm2/Vs was measured at 0.1 K in a structure with a 68 nm spacer thickness and an areal carrier density of 2.4×1011 cm−2. This is the highest electron mobility ever reported, leading to a momentum relaxation mean-free path of ∼120 μm. We present experiments that enable us to distinguish between the main scattering mechanisms. We find that scattering due to background impurities limits electron mobility in our best samples, suggesting that further improvement in structure quality is possible.
Dominant role of climate in determining spatio-temporal distribution of potential groundwater recharge at a regional scale

Knowledge of spatio-temporal groundwater recharge (GR) is crucial for optimizing regional water management practices. Daily potential GR at 58 sites over the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) during 1981–2099 was simulated using the HYDRUS-1D and robust model inputs. The objective was to explore the impacts of soil, vegetation, and climate on potential GR at a regional scale. The median potential GR over the CLP during 1981–2010 was 1.8 cm, accounting for 4.1% of the annual precipitation (P). As dominated by P, the annual potential GR decreased from 18.8 cm (28% of P) at the southeast to 0.0 cm at the northwest. Temporally, consistent low-intensity of GR interspersed with extreme rainfall-induced high GR, being episodic or seasonal depending on sites and years. The lag (average of 5months) between deep drainage at 3m depth and rainfall was controlled by climate (i.e., P). From 1981 to 2010, annual potential GR significantly decreased as a result of increased ETp and leaf area index (LAI) over time. A warmer and wetter CLP at the end of this century as predicted by the HadCM3 model may decrease the potential GR because of the increased ETp. This study highlights the dominance of water input factor (P) on the spatial GR and water output factors (ETp and LAI) on the temporal GR. Measures such as water-saving practices and land use optimization should be taken to mitigate climate change effect on groundwater recharge.