Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Preconditioning Methods for Optimization and Parallel-In-Time Methods for 1D Scalar Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations

This thesis consists of two main parts, part one addressing problems from nonlinear optimization and part two based on solving systems of time dependent differential equations, with both parts describing strategies for accelerating the convergence of iterative methods. In part one we present a nonlinear preconditioning framework for use with nonlinear solvers applied to nonlinear optimization problems, motivated by a generalization of linear left preconditioning and linear preconditioning via a change of variables for minimizing quadratic objective functions. In the optimization context nonlinear preconditioning is used to generate a preconditioner direction that either replaces or supplements the gradient vector throughout the optimization algorithm. This framework is used to discuss previously developed nonlinearly preconditioned nonlinear GMRES and nonlinear conjugate gradients (NCG) algorithms, as well as to develop two new nonlinearly preconditioned quasi-Newton methods based on the limited memory Broyden and limited memory BFGS (L-BFGS) updates. We show how all of the above methods can be implemented in a manifold optimization context, with a particular emphasis on Grassmann matrix manifolds. These methods are compared by solving the optimization problems defining the canonical polyadic (CP) decomposition and Tucker higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) for tensors, which are formulated as minimizing approximation error in the Frobenius norm. Both of these decompositions have alternating least squares (ALS) type fixed point iterations derived from their optimization problem definitions. While these ALS type iterations may be slow to converge in practice, they can serve as efficient nonlinear preconditioners for the other optimization methods. As the Tucker HOSVD problem involves orthonormality constraints and lacks unique minimizers, the optimization algorithms are extended from Euclidean space to the manifold setting, where optimization on Grassmann manifolds can resolve both of the issues present in the HOSVD problem. The nonlinearly preconditioned methods are compared to the ALS type preconditioners and non-preconditioned NCG, L-BFGS, and a trust region algorithm using both synthetic and real life tensor data with varying noise level, the real data arising from applications in computer vision and handwritten digit recognition. Numerical results show that the nonlinearly preconditioned methods offer substantial improvements in terms of time-tosolution and robustness over state-of-the-art methods for large tensors, in cases where there are significant amounts of noise in the data, and when high accuracy results are required. In part two we apply a multigrid reduction-in-time (MGRIT) algorithm to scalar onedimensional hyperbolic partial differential equations. This study is motivated by the obser-
Approximation solvability for a system of implicit nonlinear variational inclusions with Η-monotone operators

Abstract In this paper, we introduce and study a new system of variational inclusions which is called a system of nonlinear implicit variational inclusion problems with A-monotone and H-monotone operators in semi-inner product spaces. We define the resolvent operator associated with A-monotone and H-monotone operators and prove its Lipschitz continuity. Using resolvent operator technique, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solution for this new system of variational inclusions. Moreover, we suggest an iterative algorithm for approximating the solution of this system and discuss the convergence analysis of the sequences generated by the iterative algorithm under some suitable conditions.
A review of sample size determination in comparative studies

SUMMARY Sample size considerations for small and large sample designs of 2x2 comparative studies are reviewed. A test developed by Boschloo (1970) is recommended for small sample studies. This test is a simple modification of Fisher's unconditional test (FU) which is less conservative and hence more powerful than the FU test. New sample size tables for Boschloo's test are given in this paper. It is also argued that the uncorrected X 2-test is quite satisfactory for large sample comparative studies except under extreme situations, such as when compared proportions are near zero or one.
Parallel Block Methods for Solving Higher Order Ordinary Differential Equations Directly

Numerous problems that are encountered in various branches of science and engineering involve ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Some of these problems require lengthy computation and immediate solutions. With the availability of parallel computers nowadays, the demands can be achieved. However, most of the existing methods for solving ODEs directly, particularly of higher order, are sequential in nature. These methods approximate numerical solution at one point at a time and therefore do not fully exploit the capability of parallel computers. Hence, the development of parallel algorithms to suit these machines becomes essential. In this thesis, new explicit and implicit parallel block methods for solving a single equation of ODE directly using constant step size and back values are developed. These methods, which calculate the numerical solution at more than one point simultaneously, are parallel in nature. The programs of the methods employed are run on a shared memory Sequent Symmetry S27 parallel computer. The numerical results show that the new methods reduce the total number of steps and execution time. The accuracy of the parallel block and 1-point methods is comparable particularly when finer step sizes are used. A new parallel algorithm for solving systems of ODEs using variable step size and order is also developed. The strategies used to design this method are based on both the Direct Integration (DI) and parallel block methods. The results demonstrate the superiority of the new method in terms of the total number of steps and execution times especially with finer tolerances. In conclusion, the new methods developed can be used as viable alternatives for solving higher order ODEs directly.
Beyond Mandated Reporting: Debunking Assumptions to Support Children and Families

This paper critically examines mandated reporting laws for child maltreatment within the profession of social work. It analyzes the history and current use of mandated reporting laws in the United States and debunks three assumptions that uphold the practice of mandated reporting: that mandated reporting is accurate in identifying child maltreatment; that mandated reporting is, at worst, a neutral practice; and that mandated reporting ultimately helps to prevent and/or treat harm to children. In the final section, the author presents guidelines for social workers to implement abolitionist reforms to mandated reporting. The author argues that, in tandem with growing calls to abolish the family policing system and reimagine child welfare, social workers should grapple with the implications of mandated reporting laws on families and the profession of social work and seek to reduce the harms of mandated reporting wherever possible.
Implementation of on-campus work-integrated learning activities in Vietnamese universities: ‘don’t rely on lecturers’

ABSTRACT This article explores the rationale behind the ineffectiveness of on-campus Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) activities in three Vietnamese universities. An exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach that included six in-depth interviews with lecturers and 461 responses to a student survey was employed to investigate challenges facing lecturers in implementing on-campus WIL activities and student perspectives on on-campus WIL practices. Findings revealed six obstacles associated with university stakeholders facing lecturers when organising and implementing on-campus WIL activities. Survey responses underscored student preferences in experiential and project-based learning and highlighted the importance of industry engagement to on-campus WIL effectiveness. This article calls for more awareness among university department leaders, lecturers and students about the values of on-campus WIL and suggests that further work in the areas of relevant policy and practice is required for university initiatives relating to on-campus WIL to happen.
New possibilities of harmonic oscillator basis application for calculation of the ground state energy of a Coulomb non-identical three-particle system

A new harmonic oscillator (HO) expansion method for calculation of the non-relativistic ground state energy of the Coulomb non-identical three-particle systems is presented. The HO expansion basis with different size parameters in the Jacobi coordinates instead of only one unique oscillator length parameter in the traditional treatment is introduced. This method is applied to calculate the ground state energy of a number of Coulomb three-particle systems for up to 28 excitation HO quanta. The obtained results suggest that the HO basis with different size parameters in the Jacobi coordinates could lead to significant increasing of the rate of convergence for the ground state energy than in the traditional approach.
The antiderivative understanding by students in the first university courses

In this article, we present the results of a questionnaire designed to evaluate college students’ understanding of the antiderivative. Specifically, by civil engineering students when answering the questionnaire’ tasks, in order to identify and characterize the meanings on the antiderivative that are mobilized by them. In order to analyse the answers given, we used some theoretical and methodological notions provided by the theoretical model known as the Onto-Semiotic Approach (OSA) of mathematics cognition and instruction. The results show knowledge of antiderivative by the Civil Engineering students. Furthermore, the comparison between the mathematical activity of students provides information that allows concluding that the meanings that they mobilized might be shared among their communities.
Dekomposisi Genetik tentang Hambatan Mahasiswa dalam Menerapkan Sifat-sifat Turunan

Limit was to basic concept of derivative. The results of previous research found that learners have obstacles in understanding the limit function, consequently, the occurrence of difficulties and mistakes learners understand the concept and derived principles. This study aims to determine the obstacles of learners in applying derived properties. The approach of this research is qualitative by applying task-based interview with subject of 10 students selected by certain condition from 70 students in Mathematics Education Study Program of University of Bengkulu. The researcher is the main instrument in this research which is guided by the interview sheet and duty sheet. Data analysis was performed by genetic decomposition analysis. The results of this study indicate that the barriers of learners in applying analytic concepts and properties analytically include, the tangent line almost parallel to the y-axis, the break point (cusp) at x = -4, the second derivative, the extreme point, the emergence of contradictions, asymptotes flat, and do not understand conceptually. To overcome the obstacles of learners in understanding the concept and the nature of derivatives and its application, it is suggested to apply the mathematics learning model based on the extended triad++.
About the equality of the transform of Laplace to the transform of Fourier

We proved that the transform of Laplace does not have complex part on the complex axis for the wide class of functions in different situations. The main theorem is proved presenting a function as sum of two Laplace transforms. The transforms are defined in the left and right parts of the plain accordingly. Such presentation is proved to be unique. With help of the results we obtain equality of the transforms of Laplace and Fourier for some class of functions.
Inversion of Weinstein intertwining operator and its dual using Weinstein wavelets

Abstract In this paper, we consider the Weinstein intertwining operator ℜa, dW and its dual tR a,dW. Using these operators, we give relations between the Weinstein and the classical continuous wavelet transforms. Finally, using the Weinstein continuous wavelet transform, we deduce the formulas which give the inverse operators of R a,dW and tR a,dW.
On finite‐time robust stabilization via nonlinear state feedback

A nonlinear control law is designed for finite‐time stabilization of a chain of integrators. The method is based on the implicit Lyapunov function technique and homogeneity properties. The scheme of control parameter selection is presented by a linear matrix inequality. The method is simple in implementation and does not assume an online procedure for the computation of the implicit Lyapunov function value at the current state that is an improvement with respect to the works of Polyakov et al. The control law is presented in an explicit form and allows finding the values of all control parameters that make the solution one of the most constructive. The theoretical results are supported by numerical examples.
Boundaries determine the collective dynamics of self-propelled particles

Shashi Thutupalli∗ Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560012, India Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA and Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Prevalence of chronic pain in Pakistan - a national survey.

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of chronic pain, its physical and psychosocial impact on daily life, and the various therapies adopted to alleviate pain. METHODS The cross-sectional population-based telephonic survey was conducted from May to July 2021 at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised patients of either gender aged at least 18 years suffering from chronic pain who visited the institutional laboratory collection centres. In the first phase, people who were suffering from chronic pain were screened, while in the second phase, data was collected using a detailed questionnaire exploring pain history, treatment and its effects. The data was compiled and analysed using Antlere's AI based software. RESULTS Of the 4,801 patients contacted, 757(15.75%) were suffering from chronic pain. A total of 201(20%) subjects reported that their pain score was 5/10 on the numerical rating scale. Back pain was the major complaint (183, 18%) among the subjects. Of the total, 335(44.25%) were having active treatment, and 226 (67%) of them said the medication was effective. Overall, 706 (93%) patients had never visited a pain management specialist. Furthermore, 252 (33%) participants were diagnosed with depression, and 106 (14%) patients said that they were suicidal at some point in life. CONCLUSIONS . The survey observed that a high percentage of unawareness existed on pain management among the Pakistani citizens.
“Criminalization Causes the Stigma”: Perspectives From People Who Use Drugs

Introduction In light of North America's persisting drug toxicity crisis, alternative drug policy approaches such as decriminalization, legalization, regulation, and safer supply have increasingly come to the forefront of drug policy discourse. The views of people who use drugs toward drug policy and drug law reform in the Canadian context are essential, yet largely missing from the conversation. The aim of this study was to capture the opinions, ideas, and attitudes of people who use drugs toward Canadian drug laws and potential future alternatives. Methods This paper was developed as part of the Canadian Drug Laws Project, a cross-jurisdictional qualitative study conducted in British Columbia, Canada between July and September 2020. The qualitative data are from 24 semi-structured interviews with a diverse sample of people who use illegal drugs. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically by the research team. Results Two main themes and corresponding sub-themes are presented: (1) The experience of stigma as a consequence of criminalization; (2) The perceived benefits of drug law reform. Participants spoke in-depth about their experiences living within a criminalized drug policy context and offered suggestions for new pathways forward. Their perspectives illuminate how Canada's drug laws may shape public attitudes toward people who use drugs and the consequent manifestations of structural, social, and self-stigma experienced by people who use drugs. Conclusion Participants openly and profoundly believed that current drug laws produced and propagated the public attitudes and structural inequities experienced by people who use drugs in Canada. This matters, not only because our findings highlight the fact that people who use drugs experience stigma in tangible and clearly impactful ways, but it also suggests that the criminlilization of drugs shapes the experience of structural, social, and self stigma. Finally, participants believed that efforts to destigmatize people who use drugs would be ineffectual without the enactment of more robust forms of drug law reform such as the decriminalization of illegal drugs.
Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall Associated with Landfalling Tropical Cyclones in China from Rain Gauge Observations

AbstractThe diurnal variation of rainfall over China associated with landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) is investigated using hourly rain gauge observations obtained from 2425 conventional meteorological stations in China. Records between 12 h prior to landfall and 12 h after landfall of 450 landfalling TCs in China from 1957 to 2014 are selected as samples. The harmonic analysis shows an obvious diurnal signal in TC rainfall with a rain-rate peak in the early morning and a minimum in the afternoon. The diurnal cycle in the outer region (between 400- and 900-km radii from the storm center) is found to be larger than in the core region (within 400 km of the storm center). This could be attributed to the effect of land on the inner core of the storms as the diurnal cycle is distinct in the core region well before landfall. As the result of this diurnal cycle, TCs making landfall at night tend to have cumulative precipitation, defined as the precipitation cumulated from the time at landfall to 12 h after la.
ESTIMATING THE HEIGHT OF CMEs ASSOCIATED WITH A MAJOR SEP EVENT AT THE ONSET OF THE METRIC TYPE II RADIO BURST DURING SOLAR CYCLES 23 AND 24

We studied the coronal mass ejection (CME) height at the onset of 59 metric type II radio bursts associated with major solar energetic particle (SEP) events, excluding ground level enhancements (GLEs), during solar cycles 23 and 24. We calculated CME heights using a simple flare-onset method used by Gopalswamy et al. to estimate CME heights at the metric type II onset for cycle 23 GLEs. We found the mean CME height for non-GLE events (1.72 R☉) to be ∼12% greater than that (1.53 R☉) for cycle 23 GLEs. The difference could be caused by more impulsive acceleration of the GLE-associated CMEs. For cycle 24 non-GLE events, we compared the CME heights obtained using the flare-onset method and the three-dimensional spherical-shock fitting method and found the correlation to be good (CC = 0.68). We found the mean CME height for cycle 23 non-GLE events (1.79 R☉) to be greater than that for cycle 24 non-GLE events (1.58 R☉), but statistical tests do not definitely reject the possibility of coincidence. We suggest that the lower formation height of the shocks during cycle 24 indicates a change in the Alfvén speed profile because solar magnetic fields are weaker and plasma density levels are closer to the surface than usual during cycle 24. We also found that complex type III bursts showing diminution of type III emission in the 7–14 MHz frequency range are more likely associated with events with a CME height at the type II onset above 2 R☉, supporting suggestions that the CME/shock structure causes the feature.
Adaptive Machine Learning-Based Proactive Thermal Management for NoC Systems

Because of the high-complex interconnection in contemporary multicore systems, the network-on-chip (NoC) technology has been proven as an efficient way to solve the communication problem in multicore systems. However, the thermal problem becomes the main design challenge in the current NoC systems due to the high-diverse workload distribution and large power density. Therefore, proactive dynamic thermal management (PDTM) is employed as an efficient way to control the system temperature. Based on the predicted temperature information, the PDTM can control the system temperature in advance to reduce the performance impact during the temperature control period. However, conventional temperature prediction models are usually built based on specific physical parameters, which are usually temperature-sensitive. Consequently, the current temperature prediction models still result in significant temperature prediction errors. To solve this problem, a novel adaptive machine learning (ML)-based PDTM is proposed in this work. The adaptive ML-based PDTM first uses an adaptive single layer perceptron (ASLP), which is composed of a single-neuron operation and a least mean square (LMS) adaptive filter technology, to precisely predict the future temperature. Afterward, the proposed adaptive reinforcement learning (RL) is used to find the proper throttling ratio to control the system temperature. In this way, the proposed adaptive ML-based PDTM can adapt to the hyperplane of the temperature behavior of the NoC system and provide a proper temperature control strategy at runtime. Compared with related works, the proposed approach reduces average temperature prediction error by 0.2%–78.0% and improves the system performance by 2.4%–43.0% with smaller hardware overhead.
Shear behaviour of elastohydrodynamic oil films at high rolling contact pressures

The variation with sliding speed of the traction transmitted by E.H. L. oil films has been measured in a rolling contact disc machine, at contact pressures up to 260,000 lbf/in2 and at various rolling speeds and disc temperatures. From the traction measurements at very low sliding speeds, under isothermal conditions, the variation in apparent viscosity of the oil with pressure and temperature has been found. The variation with temperature at high pressure was exponential with an index similar to that at low pressure. The variation with pressure showed a striking reduction in the rate of increase with pressure in the high pressure region (> 105 lbf/in2). At high sliding speeds the traction coefficient was found to approach a common ‘ceiling’, which was largely independent of contact pressure, rolling speed and disc temperature. The ceiling appears to be a function of sliding speed only; it falls from 0.07 at 5 in/s to 0.04 at 60 in/s.Using the measurements of apparent viscosity obtained at low rolling speed,.