Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Investing in Equilibrium

Abstract We model investing that considers environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria. In equilibrium, green assets have low expected returns because investors enjoy holding them and because green assets hedge climate risk. Green assets nevertheless outperform when positive shocks hit the ESG factor, which captures shifts in customers’ tastes for green products and investors’ tastes for green holdings. The ESG factor and the market portfolio price assets in a two-factor model. The ESG investment industry is largest when investors’ ESG preferences differ most. Sustainable investing produces positive social impact by making firms greener and by shifting real investment toward green firms.
Contribution of calving to frontal ablation quantified from seismic and hydroacoustic observations calibrated with lidar volume measurements

Abstract. Frontal ablation contributes significantly to the mass balance of tidewater glaciers in Svalbard and can be recovered with high temporal resolution using continuous seismic records. Determination of the relative contribution of dynamic ice loss through calving to frontal ablation requires precise estimates of calving volumes at the same temporal resolution. We combine seismic and hydroacoustic observations close to the calving front of Kronebreen, a marine-terminating glacier in Svalbard, with repeat lidar scanning of the glacier front. Simultaneous time-lapse photography is used to assign volumes measured from lidar scans to seismically detected calving events. Empirical models derived from signal properties such as integrated amplitude are able to replicate volumes of individual calving events and cumulative subaerial ice loss over different lidar scan intervals from seismic and hydroacoustic data alone. This enables quantification of the contribution of calving to frontal ablation, which we estimate for Kronebreen to be about 18 %–30 %, slightly below the subaerially exposed area of the glacier front. We further develop a model calibrated for the permanent seismic Kings Bay station (KBS) at about 15 km distance from the glacier front, where 15 %–60 % of calving events can be detected under variable noise conditions due to reduced signal amplitudes at distance. Between 2007 and 2017, we find a 5 %–30 % contribution of calving ice blocks to frontal ablation, which emphasizes the importance of underwater melting (roughly 4–9 m d−1). This study shows the feasibility to seismically monitor not only frontal ablation rates but also the dynamic ice loss contribution continuously and at high temporal resolution.
Surgical treatment of spinal cord compression in client owned dogs with different grades of neurological dysfunction.

Our retrospective study reports the clinical findings and population characteristics of 81 surgically treated dogs for spinal cord compression. We compared the outcome of dogs with different grades of neurological dysfunction due to spinal cord compression and focused on the long-term outcome of surgical treatment, for which there are only a few recent records. We recorded a 13.6% recurrence, regardless of the degree of dysfunction. However, the degree of dysfunction negatively affected the recovery length.
The Post-Thrombotic Syndrome: A Review

Objective: A review of the published data on epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic techniques and prevention of the post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Study selection: Studies, published between 1966 and 1996, identified through the medline database, and references cited in identified articles were included. Data synthesis: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) may cause outflow obstruction and valve incompetence, resulting in venous hypertension. PTS is probably the effect of venous hypertension on the microcirculation. For qualitative anatomical and functional assessment of the venous system, duplex scanning is required, and for quantitative functional assessment, plethysmographic methods are the most suitable. The best treatment of PTS is its prevention by optimizing diagnosis and treatment of DVT and by prescribing and wearing elastic compression stockings. Until valid follow-up studies have been performed, distal DVT should not be neglected when assessing the PTS risk. Conclusions: PTS is a serious problem in terms of prevalence, complications (venous ulcers) and treatment with considerable socio-economic consequences. Duplex and plethysmography are valuable tools in its diagnosis and might be appropriate to identify patients at risk of developing PTS.
Understanding the uncertainty of disaster tweets and its effect on retweeting: The perspectives of uncertainty reduction theory and information entropy

The rapid and wide dissemination of up‐to‐date, localized information is a central issue during disasters. Being attributed to the original 140‐character length, Twitter provides its users with quick‐posting and easy‐forwarding features that facilitate the timely dissemination of warnings and alerts. However, a concern arises with respect to the terseness of tweets that restricts the amount of information conveyed in a tweet and thus increases a tweetʼs uncertainty. We tackle such concerns by proposing entropy as a measure for a tweetʼs uncertainty. Based on the perspectives of Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT), we theorize that the more uncertain information of a disaster tweet, the higher the entropy, which will lead to a lower retweet count. By leveraging the statistical and predictive analyses, we provide evidence supporting that entropy validly and reliably assesses the uncertainty of a tweet. This study contributes to improving our understanding of information propagation on Twitter during disasters. Academically, we offer a new variable of entropy to measure a tweetʼs uncertainty, an important factor influencing disaster tweetsʼ retweeting. Entropy plays a critical role to better comprehend URLs and emoticons as a means to convey information. Practically, this research suggests a set of guidelines for effectively crafting disaster messages on Twitter.
Evaluation of Chelating Potential of Chitosan Citrate and Chitosan Acetate on Intraradicular Dentin

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the chelating potential of chitosan citrate and chitosan acetate on intraradicular dentin using (ESEM) and quantity calcium content of intraradicular dentin using (EDX). Materials and Methods: sixty freshly extracted human single rooted lower premolars with single canal were instrumented with Revo-S files till size AS 35. The samples were divided into 5 experimental groups according to the final rinse used and control group (10 samples each); Group I: irrigated with 0.2% chitosan acetate, Group II: irrigated with 0.2% chitosan citrate, Group III: irrigated with 1% acetic acid, Group IV: irrigated with 1% citric acid, Group V: irrigated with 17% EDTA and control group which was divided into;(VIa) :5 samples irrigated with sterile saline and (VIb): 5 samples were neither prepared nor received any treatment. The cleanliness of the root canals and smear layer were evaluated at three root levels using ESEM. The calcium content of five samples from each experimental group (I,II,III,IV,V) and the samples of control group was measured using EDX. Results: At the coronal, middle and apical root levels; there was a statistical significant difference among the tested groups and the control . Regarding calcium content, the highest mean calcium content was recorded in samples treated with saline followed by samples that did not receive any irrigation Conclusion: The chelating potential of 0.2% chitosan acetate and 0.2% chitosan citrate is comparable to that of 17% EDTA when used as final rinse without much altering the calcium content.
Effect of Financial Inclusion on Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa

Aims: To analyze financial inclusion as a channel to alleviate inequality in order to provide insight into the edifice of inequality reduction. Study Design: Dynamic panel study. Place and Duration of Study: Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2004-2018. Methodology: Using the generalized method of moments (GMM) on a sample of 27 Sub-Saharan African countries. Results: The results show that the estimated financial inclusion index has a negative effect on income inequality. Therefore, the depth of commercial bank branches and the effective use of bank accounts reduce income inequality. Conclusion: Increase financial inclusion as well as the development of financial infrastructure and the provision of specific low-cost services tailored to low-income households.
In-silico approach in risk assessment of nutraceutical properties

Dietary supplements, including those containing botanical ingredients and botanicalderived compounds, have been marketed to consumers globally for many decades. However, the legislative framework for such products remains inconsistent across jurisdictions internationally. A common problem, concerning these nutraceutical products, is deficient information and lack of data for assessing the hazards posed to human health. The main objective is to explore the use of in silico tools in a risk assessment context of nutraceutical product, to relate properties of the molecular structure to the toxic effect of the chemical substance, by using principles and methods of computational chemistry. Further consideration of the actual impact of adverse events arising from nutraceutical food supplement usage will be helpful in guiding such issue as a potential for misidentification, and adulteration of botanical supplements by pharmacologically active substances.
The Development of Elementary School Mathematics Learning Packages assisted by Manipulative Media: Supporting Qualified and Creative Primary Teacher Candidate Programs

This research aimed to support and implement government programs of National Education in preparing Qualified and Creative Primary Teacher Candidates. Specific targets were (1) developing elementary Mathematics learning packages assisted by manipulative media, namely: (a) Student Books, (b) Student Worksheets, (c) Lesson Plan. The research design used modification and adaptation from 4-D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate), by Thiagarajan, et al (1974). The criteria which used as a reference for implementing the effectiveness of elementary school mathematics learning Packages were: (1) interaction of Student and (2) student learning outcomes. The results shows that the development of learning Package with a 4-D model that has been modified, starting from the front end analysis (Define), the initial design of learning packages (Design), until the trial step of Learning Package (Develop). Implementation and desimination have not been implemented. Elementary mathematics learning Packages assisted by manipulative media on number material are valid, effective, and practical to improve mathematical pedagogy skills of qualified and creative elementary school teachers candidates. The effectiveness of the learning packages meets the effective criteria by: (1) student activities when participating in high learning and (2) the learning outcomes of the teacher candidiates are complete with the average learning outcome is at 77.24 of the ideal score of 100 and the completeness test of the learning outcomes test with grades the probability of one sample t-test is 0.003 <0.05, which means that students' learning outcomes are complete
Effect of blood volume in automated blood culture of the BACT/ALERT 3D system on isolation rate and time to positivity of pathogens, in a tertiary care hospital, South India

Aim: To determine the appropriateness of blood volume in automated blood culture bottles of the BACT/ALERT 3D system, its effect on isolation rate and time to positivity of pathogens. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in South India from 1st March 2018 to 31st August 2018. Automated blood culture bottles sent to Microbiology laboratory for blood culture were included in the study. The bottles were weighted by electronic weighing balance. The filled blood culture bottles received at microbiology laboratory were re-weighed and was categorized into appropriately filled and inappropriately filled bottles. Frequency of appropriately filled bottles and inappropriately filled bottles was expressed in percentage. Result: A total of 8740 blood culture bottles were included in the study, out of which the blood volume was found to be suboptimum in 3978 bottles (45.5%), optimum in 3498 bottles (40%) and overfilled in 1264 bottles (14.5%). There was an increase in the number of blood culture bottles with optimum blood volume from 35.1% in March to 58.12% in August. The average TTP for true pathogens was found to be 16.72 hrs. with optimum blood volume, 17 hrs. with overfilled blood volume and 21.5 hrs. with sub-optimum blood volume. The isolation rate for true pathogens was found to be 88.62% with optimum blood volume, 86.43% with overfilled blood volume and 70.01% with sub-optimum. The false positive rate was found to be 4.1% with overfilled blood volume, 1.6%with sub-optimum and 1.4%with optimum blood volume. Conclusion: Through this study, the correlation between the blood volume with the isolation rate, time to positivity and false positivity of blood culture isolates was established. Keywords: Blood culture, Blood volume, BACT/ALERT 3D, Time to positivity, Isolation rate.
Rate of Wound Infection of Non-traumatic Emergency Laparotomy at a Teaching Hospital in Bangladesh: Experience of 100 cases

Background: Wound infection is an important issue for surgical operations. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to measure the rate of wound infection of non-traumatic emergency laparotomy cases. Methodology: This descriptive cohort study was carried out in the Department of Surgery at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 1997 to June 1998 for a period of 1(one) year. Pre-operative patients were carefully assessed for any host factors related to wound infection. Different per-operative factors that influence the rate of postoperative wound infection were also analyzed. Swabs were taken from the suspected postoperative wound and sent for bacteriological examination. Result: In this series, 100 cases of emergency laparotomies (non-traumatic) were analyzed. Bacteriological examination showed positive culture in most of the cases but three were found to be negative result. Wound infection rate of specific type of operation were 12.5%, 20.0%, 6.6%, 40.0%, 40.0%, 33.3%, 50.0%, 50.0%, and 100.0% in duodenal ulcer perforation, pre-pyloric and gastric ulcer perforation, acute appendicitis, burst appendix, ileal perforation, small intestinal obstruction due to bands and adhesions, volvulus of sigmoid colon, obstructed inguinal hernia, generalized peritonitis due to puerperal sepsis respectively. The overall surgical wound infection rate was 19.0%. Conclusion: The rate of wound infection of non-traumatic emergency laparotomy cases are frequently found in a well-established tertiary care teaching hospital. Bangladesh J Infect Dis 2015;2(1):9- 12
Entrepreneurship With Additive Manufacturing: Implications of Complexity Freedom in Product and Firm Ideation

The diffusion of 3D printing technologies after the expiration of key patents in 2009 brought novel manufacturing applications beyond prototyping (Thompson et al., 2016). Particularly, Additive Manufacturing (AM) has enabled more integrated strategies for new product development and fabrication. As a result, AM has been considered as a promising instrument for new business creation (Rayna & Striukova, 2016). Studies concerning AM and entrepreneurial activity rarely consider the interactions with technology. Yet, theories that describe the relationship between product architecture and manufacturing organizations suggest that greater flexibility in product architecture would bring greater flexibility to the creation of the firm through a process of mirroring (Colfer & Baldwin, 2016). Additionally, the theory of effectual entrepreneurship describes the creation of markets as negotiations between entrepreneurs and possible partners with the product and the means of the entrepreneur at the centre of such negotiations (Sarasvathy & Dew, 2005; Zahra et al., 2006). The research presented in this thesis examines the idea that flexible product architecture in 3D printing gives entrepreneurs greater flexibility in product design and an increased flexibility in the acquisition of partners. Two studies were carried out under a grounded methodology to explore the effects of complexity in the ideation of business opportunities. Both studies are based on design exercises that study the impact of idea generation using imaginary images, sketches, and prototypes in design (Finke, 1996; Kudrowitz & Wallace, 2013). The first study included seven teams of participants who used a building set with the same budget conditions and objectives. The control group received traditional production costing, while the AM one received free complexity costing. Idea complexity was measured in the number of blocks used to build each component, and the number of connections in each joint. The second study consists of an ideation exercise where 308 participants interpreted abstract randomized images of objects of varying complexity to imagine possible future product and firm participants. Their responses were analysed to extract networks of product categories and stakeholder identities. Answers were evaluated in terms of novelty, literality, and network composition. The results of both studies challenge some of the arguments that explain the benefits of additive manufacturing as increased freedom in product design. Instead, the results suggest that complexity freedom is filtered through the manipulation of morphology in design exploration. This argument advocates for an embodied design exploration where the perceptual features of technology influence ideation.
Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of peptide receptor-targeted diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals for prostate cancer

The overexpression of certain peptide receptors on cancers cells can be exploited for the development of radiopharmaceuticals that are selectively delivered to cancer cells for diagnostic imaging or therapeutic purposes. Parts of this dissertation explore the development and preclinical evaluation of a radiolabeled antagonist peptide conjugate (RM2 = DOTA-4-amino-1-carboxymethyl-piperidine-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2) that targets the bombesin receptor (BB2r) overexpressed in human prostate cancer. Two radionuclides, [203]Pb and [212]Pb, were selected due to their uniqueness as a chemically identical theranostic matched pair. Lead--203 (t1/2 = 51.9 hours) decays by electron capture to stable [203]Tl, with the emission of [278] keV gamma rays (81 percent intensity) suitable for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. On the other hand, [212]Pb (t1/2 = 10.6 hours) decays by beta emission into [212]Bi (t1/2 = 60.6 minutes), which subsequently decays into stable [208]Pb through a branched decay chain consisting of one alpha particle and one beta particle emission in each decay pathway. Hence, [212]Pb is of interest as an in vivo generator of [212]Bi for targeted alpha therapy. The fundamental chemistry and radiochemistry involved in the synthesis, purification and characterization of both [203Pb]Pb-RM2 and [212Pb]Pb-RM2 is described. Additionally, in vivo preclinical evaluation of the radiolabeled peptide conjugates was performed in male mouse models inoculated with PC3 human prostate cancer cells. The last portion of the work described in this dissertation focuses on 105Rh as a potential therapeutic radionuclide. Rhodium-105 (t1/2 = 35.4 hours) is a moderate energy beta-emitting radionuclide [ [beta] avg = 152 keV], with low energy gamma emissions [319 keV (19 percent) and 306 keV (5 percent)]. The production of 105Rh from recycled 104Ru metal target via the 104Ru (p, n) 105Ru -> 105Rh reaction was reported. In addition, a microwave-assisted procedure for the synthesis of Rh(III) complexes without the addition of refluxing ethanol or SnCl2 as reducing agents is described.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS/ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME AND PEOPLE LIVING WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AMONG HEALTH-CARE STUDENTS OF SELECTED COLLEGES IN CHENNAI

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge among health-care students (HCS) toward human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and people living with HIV (PLHIV) in dental and nursing colleges at Chennai. Methods: A quantitative approach and descriptive research design were adopted for the present study. HIV knowledge questionnaire-45 was used to assess the level of knowledge regarding HIV and PLHIV. Nonprobability convenient sampling technique was used for the selection of samples. R esults: The collected data were analyzed using SPSS. Among 600 HCS, 274 (46%) had inadequate knowledge, 191 (32%) had moderately adequate knowledge, and about 135 (23%) students had adequate knowledge. The mean knowledge score was 10.94. C onclusion: HCS are in need of intense teaching program with various teaching methods which help to enhance their knowledge level and to eliminate the fear and stigma about handling of PLHIV. Ke ywords: The health-care students, Level of knowledge, Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, People living with human immunodeficiency virus.
Why thermal isomerization of the chromic switch spiropyran-merocyanine is enhance in polar protic solvents. A computational study of the reaction mechanism

Spiropyran (SP) is a chromic material that undergoes isomerization to merocyanine (MC) under irradiation. To extend its applicability as a molecular switch, it would be convenient to be able to induce and control its isomerization also in the dark, what seems to be possible in acidic media. We present here a computational study of the mechanism of isomerization of protonated SP. We have found that protonation induces the stabilization of MC, protonated at O, relative to SP, protonated at N. Given the different site of protonation for both species, the ring-opening reaction must take place together with a proton transfer event. We have shown that the barrier of this process decreases if a protic solvent molecule take part in the reaction. In this way, the rate determining step of the process is the isomerization between different rotamers of protonated MC. The detailed knowledge of the reaction mechanism can help in the design of structural or electronic modifications of SP to improve its switchability.