Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular techniques and data integration: investigating distribution system coliform events

A retrospective analysis of coliform events in a drinking water distribution system was conducted. A total of 13 coliform isolates with specific geographic/sampling records were analysed using microbial source tracking (MST) to establish genetic (based on DNA) and phenotypic (based on substrate utilization) relatedness between isolates, and a data integration approach (geo-spatial and event analysis) to identify potential causes for their presence. Phenotypic analysis, using the API ® 20E system, identified two major genera: Enterobacter and Citrobacter , showing a high degree of phenotypic similarity within each species. However genotypic analysis (using pulsed field gel electrophoresis) of the Enterobacter and Citrobacter isolates demonstrated a wide genetic diversity within each species. The data integration approach revealed the probable causes for coliform events were the installation of new mains (8 samples) and rehabilitation of existing main (1 sample). The data integration and MST approach (genotyping) suggested that these coliform events were a result of sporadic intrusion from maintenance events and not chronic biofilm re-growth. The combination of MST and the data integration approach offers utilities a potentially powerful tool for the examination and determination of coliform occurrences in a distribution system.
Attention-based Domain Adaptation for Time Series Forecasting

Recent years have witnessed deep neural networks gaining increasing popularity in the ﬁeld of time series forecasting. A primary reason of their success is their ability to effectively capture complex temporal dynamics across multiple related time series. However, the advantages of these deep forecasters only start to emerge in the presence of a sufﬁcient amount of data. This poses a challenge for typical forecasting problems in practice, where one either has a small number of time series, or limited observations per time series, or both. To cope with the issue of data scarcity, we propose a novel domain adaptation framework, Domain Adaptation Forecaster (DAF), that leverages the statistical strengths from another relevant domain with abundant data samples (source) to improve the performance on the domain of interest with limited data (target). In particular, we pro-pose an attention-based shared module with a domain discriminator across domains as well as private modules for individual domains. This allows us to jointly train the source and target domains by generating domain-invariant latent features while retraining domain-speciﬁc features. Extensive experiments on various domains demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art baselines on synthetic and real-world datasets.
On the Validity and Reliability of Coastal Quality Change Estimates: Evidence from Norway

Abstract Coastal managers are faced with the challenge of managing sites to maintain or improve their quality. The quality of each coastal site is characterized by site attributes that visitors care about. Since coastal managers face financial constraints, it is useful to know which are the site attributes with the highest implicit value for visitors and thus determine the change in attributes that yields the most benefits. However, estimates of implicit value of site attributes should be both valid and reliable to be informative for coastal managers. If coastal sites present similar characteristics, the data can suffer from lack of variation that can lead to unreliable estimated implicit values. We first present our strategy relying on simulation that confirms that our estimates are unbiased, but only a subset of these is reliable. We then apply the discrete choice model to explain recreational beach site choice by using two alternative models with a view to increase precision of our estimates. We uncover preference heterogeneity by relying on observable group characteristics. We illustrate the policy-relevance of our approach by providing welfare estimates for three scenarios currently being considered by Norwegian beach managers.
Consumer acceptance of transgenic crops

It has long been recognised that a key determinant of the future development of genetic engineering in food production is likely to be consumer acceptance. Much of the earlier research into acceptance issues has assumed that public perceptions of genetic engineering are defined by beliefs about the technology overall. However, it is now known that acceptance of novel products is unlikely to be related to general attitudes towards genetic engineering. People's perceptions of risk and benefit associated with particular products and applications will determine acceptance. There is a need to develop effective risk-benefit communication strategies, based on the best scientific information available, in order to enable the public to make informed choices about consuming the products of genetic engineering. It is also essential to develop effective communication methods if the public is to contribute to the wider debate about strategic development of genetic engineering. Issues of social context (such as trust in risk regulators) must also be considered. Providing information is likely to change people's attitudes, which will in turn generate further public concerns and create a demand for more information about genetic engineering.
Carbothermic Reduction of Alumina by Natural Gas to Aluminum and Syngas: A Thermodynamic Study

The carbothermic reduction of alumina to aluminum by methane is analyzed by thermochemical equilibrium calculations in order to determine its thermodynamic constraints. Calculations predict that in the temperature range 2300–2500°C at 1 bar pressure, the reaction Al2O3 + 3CH4 = 2Al +6H2 + 3CO should occur without significant interference by the formation of unwanted byproducts such as Al2O, Al4C3, and Al-oxycarbides, and with higher yields than by using solid carbonaceous compounds as reducing agent. The reaction was examined for several initial Al2O3/CH4 molar ratios. The proposed process may be carried out in a fluidized bed reactor using concentrated solar energy, induction furnaces, or electric discharges as sources of high-temperature process heat. An important advantage of such a process would be the coproduction of syngas, with the molar ratio H2/CO = 2, suitable for the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbon fuels and polymeric materials.
Modulation of turbulence intensity by heavy finite-size particles in upward channel flow

Abstract It has been recognized that, generally, large particles enhance the turbulence intensity, while small particles attenuate the turbulence intensity. However, there has been no consensus on the quantitative criterion for particle-induced turbulence enhancement or attenuation. In the present study, interface-resolved direct numerical simulations of particle-laden turbulent flows in an upward vertical channel are performed with a direct forcing/fictitious domain method to establish a criterion for turbulence enhancement or attenuation. The effects of the particle Reynolds number ($Re_p$), the bulk Reynolds number ($Re_b$), the particle size, the density ratio and the particle volume fraction on the turbulence intensity are examined at $Re_b=5746$ (i.e. $Re_\tau =180.8$) and 12 000 ($Re_\tau =345.9$), the ratio of the particle radius to the half channel width $a/H=0.05\text {--}0.15$, the density ratio 2–100, the particle volume fraction $0.3\,\%$–$2.36\,\%$ and $Re_p < 227$. Our results indicate that at low $Re_p$ the turbulent intensity across the channel is all diminished; at intermediate $Re_p$ the turbulent intensity is enhanced in the channel centre region and attenuated in the near-wall region; and at sufficiently large $Re_p$ the turbulent intensity is enhanced across the channel. The critical $Re_p$ increases with increasing bulk Reynolds number, particle size and particle–fluid density ratio, while increasing with decreasing particle volume fraction, particularly for the channel centre region. Criteria for enhancement or attenuation are provided for the total turbulence intensity in the channel and the turbulence intensity at the channel centre, respectively, and both are shown to agree well with the experimental data in the literature. The reason for the dependence of the critical particle Reynolds number on the other parameters is discussed.
Dispositional Empathy and Emotional Intelligence in terms of Perfectionistic Automatic Thoughts

Abstract The maladaptive nature of Perfectionistic Automatic Thoughts (PAT) increases the importance of evaluating the construct. This study aims to identify different clusters of PAT in undergraduates, and to check possible inter-cluster differences in the dimensions of dispositional empathy and emotional intelligence in a sample of 691 Spanish undergraduates (Mage = 23.1; SD = 5.26). The Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale were used. Three clusters with low (LPAT), moderate (MPAT) and high (HPAT) levels of PAT were identified. Statistically significant differences were observed between these clusters in terms of dispositional empathy and emotional intelligence dimensions. HPAT significantly scored higher than LPAT on Fantasy, Empathic Concern, Personal Discomfort and Perception, as well as in comparison with MPAT on Fantasy, Empathic Concern, Personal Discomfort and Perception. Moreover, MPAT obtained significantly higher scores on Comprehension and Repair than LPAT. Effect sizes for these differences were of a small magnitude, except for the HPAT and LPAT contrasts, whose differences were of a moderate magnitude.
Two types of organophosphate pesticides and their combined effects on heterotrophic growth rates in activated sludge process

BACKGROUND: Pesticides are sometimes non-biodegradable and, moreover, toxic to microorganisms. If pesticides exceed the tolerance of microorganisms, failure of the activated sludge process (ASP) occurs. Therefore the effects of two types of organophosphate pesticides on heterotrophic growth rate constant in sludge from ASP were investigated. Oxygen uptake rate was employed to measure the rate constants. RESULTS: The results indicated that the value of heterotrophic growth rate constant decreased from 3.88 d−1 to 1.46 d−1 or by 62% when 0.5 mg L−1 of glyphosate was added. When adding 0.5 mg L−1 of malathion, the value of heterotrophic growth rate constant decreased to 1.33 d−1 or by 66%. The value of heterotrophic growth rate constant decreased to 1.98 d−1 or by 49% when 0.5 mg L−1 of pesticide combination (50% for each) was added. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibitory effects of glyphosate and malathion were in good agreement with non-competitive inhibition kinetics, but pesticide combination did not follow non-competitive kinetics. The inhibition coefficient values for glyphosate, malathion and their combination were 0.29, 0.29 and 0.58 mg L−1, respectively. For comparison, linear and exponential types of models were derived by regression. According to non-competitive kinetics, and linear and exponential models, the inhibitory effects of glyphosate and malathion were almost consistent. Finally, the degree of inhibition was simulated using different types of model. It was found that the toxicity of the two pesticides agreed with the antagonism well. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of some acid-based additives applied to wet grass crops under various ensiling conditions.

Some acid-based silage additives, which are less corrosive and easier to handle than Formic acid 85% (FA), were evaluated in a laboratory-scale silage experiment. These were Foraform (645 g kg–1 formic acid, 60 g kg–1 NH3), Ensimax [213 g kg–1 formic acid, 200 g kg–1 acetic acid, 190 g kg–1 of dry matter from wood pulp liquor with a high concentration of lignosulphonates (WPL)], and a modified version of Ensimax with a higher proportion of formic acid and a lower proportion of acetic acid. Each single ingredient, and all combinations of ingredients in the original Ensimax, were studied when applied in the quantities they make up in the additive. Untreated silage was used as a negative control and FA as a positive control. The additives were assessed using three different crops and by sealing the silos immediately after filling or after a 24 h delay. Both the full and half of the recommended application rates of the additives and of the single ingredients of Ensimax were studied. No significant differences were found between FA and Foraform when applied at 3 and 4 l t–1, respectively, which provided the crop with the same dose of pure formic acid. Inclusion of WPL in Ensimax did not influence silage fermentation, i.e. the effect of Ensimax could be ascribed to the effect of formic plus acetic acid alone. Compared with Ensimax, the modified version, in which 148 g kg–1 of formic acid was substituted for 150 g kg–1 of acetic acid, clearly improved fermentation in terms of increased concentration of true protein, reduced fermentation of acetic and propionic acid, and reduced ammonia value and pH. When the silos were sealed immediately, sugar concentrations in the silage correlated positively with the application rate of acids, whereas no such relationship was found when the sealing was delayed for 24 h. No consistent relationship was found between the application rate of acids and ethanol concentrations in the silage. Easy-to-handle acidic additives like Foraform and Ensimax may replace FA when applied according to their molar concentration of acids. This means that 4·0 l t–1 of Foraform and 7·3 l t–1 of Ensimax are equivalent to 3 l t–1 of FA.
Extraction of Zinc and Chromium(III) and Its Application to Treatment of Alloy Electroplating Wastewater

Extraction of Zn and Cr(III) with solvents containing (1) DEHPA, di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid, (2) PC-88A, 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester, (3) Cyanex 272, bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid, and (4) Cyanex 302, bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)thiophosphinic acid, was studied with a view to separately recovering the two metals from alloy electroplating wastewater. All solvents extracted Zn well. Extraction of Cr(III) required a higher pH and Cr(III) hydroxide precipitation placed an upper limit on the pH that could be used, which in turn limited the extraction percentage. Among the four extractants, DEHPA performed the best, achieving close to 100% extraction at 0.1 M. The extracted Cr(III) could not be completely stripped (back-extracted). By using ammoniated DEHPA, both the precipitation and incomplete stripping problems were averted. The different performances of the DEHPA and ammoniated DEHPA solvents were explained in terms of the different extracted Cr(III) species and the slow kinetics of reactions involving ligand displacement of the Cr(III) species. This explanation was supported by stoichiometric and UV–visible spectral data. A flow sheet based on Zn extraction with DEHPA and Cr(III) extraction with ammoniated DEHPA was developed for treatment of Zn–Cr(III) alloy electroplating wastewater. The flow sheet was tested in an automated mixer–settler solvent extraction system. The treated wastewater contained <0.1 mg l−1 Zn and <1 mg l−1 Cr(III), and the recovered metals were in good purity.
Regulating “untrustworthy patients”: Constructions of “trust” and “distrust” in accounts of inpatient treatment for anorexia

Trust has been seen as a lynchpin of therapeutic relationships. Yet due to perceptions that anorexia is one of the most difficult illnesses to treat and that patients are “treatment resistant”, achieving trust between patient and treatment provider may be challenging. This article draws on qualitative data from 14 semi-structured interviews with women who have experience of inpatient treatment for anorexia in order to analyse how trust and distrust figured in treatment contexts. In so doing, the article draws upon feminist approaches which are critical of conceptions of the “devious” “anorexic” and of the clinical discourses within which these constructions are produced. Our analysis suggests a lack of trust shown toward patients in inpatient contexts – particularly a disqualification of “voice” – which has a number of consequences for participants’ subjectivities, including the erosion of self-esteem; demotivation; dropping out/termination of treatment; and triggering experiences of trauma. As such, our analysis raises serious questions about what participants described as routine treatment practices in inpatient treatment for anorexia, and about the serious consequences of constructing “anorexics” as manipulative and untrustworthy.
Adult Immigrant Journeys: Occupational Downgrading and Continuously Evolving Selves

This qualitative phenomenological study examined the occupational downgrading experiences of six adult immigrants. Occupational downgrading happens when an individual’s occupation post immigration does not match his or her education credentials and previous professional experiences. The goal is to make sense of the participants’ narratives through the lens of possible selves theory. Therefore, the research questions guiding this study were (1) How do occupational downgrading experiences of immigrants shape their integration to the U.S. workforce? and (2) How can we make sense of the participants’ narratives through the lens of possible selves theory? Phenomenological interviews served as the main source for data collection. In addition, artifacts allowed the participants to enrich their stories. Themes that emerged from the participants’ occupational downgrading experiences include underemployment, shift in status, language barrier, feeling of discrimination, and lack of inspiration at the new job. Looking at past, present, and future selves, the participants’ narratives were examined first through identity transition processes: separation, transition, and reincorporation. The study adds to a developing body of literature focusing on the possible selves of adult immigrants experiencing occupational downgrading. In particular, they inform who is participating in adult education. Likewise, this study centralizes the immigrant as participant to adult learning; it provides new narratives of adults in transition.
Remaking memory and the agency of the aesthetic

This article examines the role of the creative arts in renegotiating the border between memorable and unmemorable lives. It does so with specific reference to the (un)forgetting of the colonial soldiers in European armies during World War One. Focussing on the role of aesthetic form in generating memorability, it shows how the creative use of a medium can help redefine the borders of imagined communities by commanding the attention of individual subjects and hence providing conditions for a cognitive and affective opening to the memory of strangers. It concludes that future studies of transformations in collective memory should take a multiscalar approach which takes into account both the shifting social frameworks of memory and the small changes that occur in the micro-politics of viewing and reading.
Deshelling the Shell Companies Using Benford’s Law: An Emerging Market Study

VIKALPA • VOLUME 45 • ISSUE 3 • JULY-SEPTEMBER 2020 Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-Commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Deshelling the Shell Companies Using Benford’s Law: An Emerging Market Study
Influence of resin removal treatments on the surface topography and strength of de-bonded lithium disilicate ceramic

Aim: This study aims to assess the influence of resin removal treatment regimes on the surface topography and compressive strength of de-bonded ceramic surfaces. Material and methods: Sixty-five lithium disilicate ceramic (LDC) discs were prepared, cleaned, and polished with carbide paper. All samples were etched using 9.6% hydrofluoric acid (HFA). Fifteen samples were taken as positive controls; the remaining 50 samples were subjected to the process of silanization. Resin build-up using dual-cure cement was performed incrementally and light cured. Based on different methods of resin cleaning from de-bonded LDC, the samples were divided into five groups, n=10 each: group 1 (no treatment), group 2 (slow-speed diamond bur), group 3 (1 min heat treatment), Group 4 (6 min heat treatment), and group 5 (sandblasting with Al2O3). Following resin removal, LDC samples were tested under compressive failure load in a universal testing machine. Five disc specimens from each group were sputter coated with gold for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test was used for descriptive statistics. Level of significance was established at p<0.05. Results: The highest compressive strength with significant difference among all experimental groups was found in group 5 (321.54 ± 13.25 MPa) (p<0.05). The lowest compressive strength values, presenting significant difference compared with all other groups, were displayed in group 1 (158.57 ± 5.22 MPa) (p<0.05). Compressive strength among group 2 (231.54 ± 15.55 MPa), group 3 (237.81 ± 10.81 MPa), and group 4 (255.53 ± 8.95 MPa) specimens was statistically comparable (p>0.05). On SEM, heat-treated specimens confirmed coarser granules, with mild porosities and roughening, whereas sandblasted specimens exhibited consistent evenness with moderate porosity and loss of glazed surface. Conclusion: De-bonded LDC surface, treated with heat treatment and sandblasting procedures, exhibited removal of residual resin and significantly high compressive strength compared with non-cleansed ceramic surface.
Morphological and chemical characterisation of the G-layer in tension wood fibres of Populus tremula and Betula verrucosa: Labelling with cellulose-binding module CBM1 Hj Cel7A and fluorescence and FE-SEM microscopy

Abstract The gelatinous layer (G-layer) formed on the lumen wall in early- and latewood fibres of poplar and birch tension wood was characterised using a novel molecular marker specific for crystalline cellulose in conjunction with fluorescence and FE-SEM microscopy. Crystalline cellulose was localised using a cloned Cel7A cellulose-binding module (CBM1 Hj Cel7A) from the fungus Hypocrea jecorina conjugated directly to FITC/TRITC or indirectly via a secondary antibody conjugated to FITC for fluorescence microscopy or to gold/silver for FE-SEM. With the CBM1 Hj Cel7A conjugate, the G-layer was clearly distinguished from other secondary cell-wall layers as a bright green layer visible in fibres of tension wood in fluorescence microscopy. FEM-SEM images revealed the supramolecular architecture of the G-layer of poplar wood, which consists of well-defined, often concentrically orientated, cellulose aggregates of the order of 30–40 nm. The cellulose aggregates typically have a microfibril angle of almost 0°. Studies on cellulose marked with CBM1 Hj Cel7A followed by Au labelling and Ag enhancement complemented the fluorescence observations. The studies demonstrate the usefulness of this novel molecular marker for crystalline cellulose in situ, which was previously difficult to localise. Further proof of distinct cellulose aggregates was observed.