Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salt Intrusion in the Tweed Estuary

Results are presented from a 2-week field programme in the Tweed Estuary, U.K. Maximum values of the empirically based Estuarine Richardson Number, RiE, occurred during neap tides, and minimum values occurred during spring tides. Estimated values of RiEvaried between 0·3 and 2·3, suggesting the occurrence of partially mixed to stratified conditions, depending on tidal state and freshwater inflow. These relatively large values of RiEwere consistent with both observed strong salinity stratification and large salt fluxes due to vertical shear transport. Low values ( 0·5) values in the halocline. A velocity maximum occurred within the halocline during the early flood. Wave-like spatial oscillations of the halocline occurred on the ebb. The oscillation troughs were situated above deep holes located just down-estuary of the rail and old road bridges. There was an indication that the constricted flow between the bridges’ arches resulted in enhanced mixing of near-surface waters and a thickening of the halocline. It is also possible that these wave-like structures were stationary, near-critical internal lee waves, triggered by the deep holes. Trapping of high-salinity waters occurred on the ebb. Saline pools were isolated within a deep hole or deeper section of bed by the falling halocline. When the salt wedge moved further down-estuary, the ‘ trapped ’ waters were subjected to strongly ebbing, overlying freshwater, and were subsequently entrained and flushed. The salinity intrusion was a strong function of spring–neap tidal state and a weaker function of freshwater inflow. The estimated salinity intrusion varied from about 4·7 to 7·6 km during the fieldwork period. The strong dependence on tidal range followed from the comparable lengths of the tidal excursion and salinity intrusion. Long excursion lengths were also partly responsible for the short residence (or flushing) times and their strong dependence on spring–neap tidal state. For typical summer freshwater inflows of 40 m3s−1, the estimated residence times varied from one tide at large spring tides (removal on one ebb) to two tides (removal over two ebbs) at neap tides. Computed residence times were shorter for typical winter inflows.
Metabolite profiling of peripheral blood plasma in pigs in early postnatal life fed whole bovine, caprine or ovine milk

Ruminants’ milk is commonly used for supplying nutrients to infants when breast milk is unavailable or limited. Previous studies have highlighted the differences between ruminants’ milk composition, digestion, absorption, and fermentation. However, whether consuming different ruminants’ milk impact the appearance of the circulatory blood metabolites in the early postnatal life is not well understood. The analysis conducted here aimed to determine the effect of feeding exclusively whole milk from bovine, caprine or ovine species to pigs, approximately 7 days-old for 15 days, on circulatory blood plasma metabolites. Relative intensities of plasma metabolites were detected using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomic approach. Seven polar and 83 non-polar (lipids) metabolites in plasma were significantly different (false discovery rate < 0.05) between milk treatments. These included polar metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism and lipids belonging to phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and triglycerides. Compared to the caprine or bovine milk group, the relative intensities of polar metabolites and unsaturated triglycerides were higher in the peripheral circulation of the ovine milk group. In contrast, relative intensities of saturated triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine were higher in the bovine milk group compared to the ovine or caprine milk group. In addition, correlations were identified between amino acid and lipid intake and their appearance in peripheral blood circulation. The results highlighted that consuming different ruminants’ milk influences the plasma appearance of metabolites, especially lipids, that may contribute to early postnatal life development in pigs.
Nitrate and Nitrous Oxide Dynamics Under Urine Application in an Alluvial Gravel Vadose Zone

Understanding nitrogen (N) processes within the vadose zone is important to estimate N losses to groundwater systems. A field trial was undertaken to examine the dynamics of nitrate (NO3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in an alluvial gravel vadose zone underlain by shallow groundwater. Synthetic urine (980 kg N ha−1) with a bromide (400 kg Br ha−1) tracer was applied to the surface of a 10‐ by 20‐m plot, and changes in subsurface NO3, Br, and N2O concentrations were compared with those from an adjacent plot, with just the Br tracer applied. Soil solution and air were monitored at multiple depths (from 0.2 to 5 m) over an 18‐mo period. Transport of solution was rapid in the gravel material with some Br transported to 3‐m depth immediately after the urine application. N2O was produced within the soil after urine application. NO3 to Br ratios indicated denitrification in the soil above the gravels, but none within the alluvial gravel vadose zone. In the “–urine” plot N2O concentrations increased with depth, with upward fluxes above the water table to the soil, suggesting N2O production near the water table. A different pattern was observed in the “+urine” plot where N2O was produced both at the soil zone above the gravels and near the water table leading to both upward and downward N2O fluxes. Overall N2O fluxes in the soil zone were greater than at the water table.
‘The races and conditions of men’: women in nineteenth-century geography school texts in the United States

Geography schoolbooks published in the United States were important opinion makers in the nineteenth century, often joining the Bible as the main source of information about the world outside North America. The texts examined here are noteworthy for their static and pejorative treatment of non-American cultures and may be seen as playing a key role in forming isolationist and chauvinist American public opinion. They also played a role in reinforcing ideas about the proper niche for women in American society, even though it may seem at first that these books could not have had much influence on ideas about American women because they barely mentioned women, almost always relegating them to illustrations and captions. The few women depicted were usually characterized as ‘poor souls’ in distant lands worthy of pity. We discuss the national political context in which these writers (many of whom were women) were producing geography school texts, the social roles they were fulfilling by reinforcing such limited images of ‘foreign’ women, and the sources they may have used in their research. Furthermore, we demonstrate that much more could have been drawn ethnographically from the illustrations of women. The images of women in these geography schoolbooks reinforced the marginalization of women, particularly non-white and non-western women.
The role of SGLT2i in attenuating residual cardiovascular risk through blood pressure-lowering: mechanistic insights and perspectives

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2) have been increasingly pursued as a promising target for addressing residual cardiovascular risk. Prior trials demonstrated that SGLT2i not only promotes glucose-lowering, but also improves endothelial dysfunction, adiposity, fluid overload, and insulin sensitivity thus contributing to hemodynamic changes implicated in its cardiorenal benefits. The mechanisms in the effect of SGLT2i on blood pressure and their potential role in preventing cardiovascular events are hereby revised.
Contribución al conocimiento de la fenología del cactus Neoraimondia arequipensis subsp. roseiflora ( Werdermann & Backeberg ) Ostolaza ( Cactaceae ) en el Valle del Río Chillón, Lima-Perú

Se realizo un estudio sobre la fenologia del cactus Neoraimondia arequipensis subsp. roseiflora en el cerro Umarcata, ubicado en la cuenca baja del rio Chillon, Lima, Peru. Se marcaron en forma aleatoria 15 plantas adultas donde se evaluo el estado fenologico presente en diferentes epocas del ano. Las observaciones fueron mensuales desde Octubre del 2003 hasta Septiembre del 2004. Mediante un Analisis de Correspondencias se establecio patron hipotetico de la secuencia de los estadios fenologicos de la planta. Los resultados indican la presencia de dos variables fenologicas bien marcadas, la Floracion entre Noviembre y Abril y la Fructificacion desde Mayo hasta Octubre. La fenologia se presento como un evento irregular, con ocho estadios. El estadio fenologico de botones florales (Noviembre) es el que se presenta en mayor proporcion (59.44%) durante todo el ano, seguido del estadio fruto inmaduro (35.36%) en Mayo y Septiembre, el de botones abortados (32.78%) en Diciembre, Febrero y Marzo, el de frutos maduros (27.78%) en Agosto, los de dispersion y floracion total (12.78%) en Julio y Abril, las flores marchitas (10%) en Enero, los frutos apareciendo (6.77%) en Octubre y el estadio vegetativo (8.33%) en Junio.
Development of Engineered-U1 snRNA Therapies: Current Status

Splicing of pre-mRNA is a crucial regulatory stage in the pathway of gene expression. The majority of human genes that encode proteins undergo alternative pre-mRNA splicing and mutations that affect splicing are more prevalent than previously thought. Targeting aberrant RNA(s) may thus provide an opportunity to correct faulty splicing and potentially treat numerous genetic disorders. To that purpose, the use of engineered U1 snRNA (either modified U1 snRNAs or exon-specific U1s—ExSpeU1s) has been applied as a potentially therapeutic strategy to correct splicing mutations, particularly those affecting the 5′ splice-site (5′ss). Here we review and summarize a vast panoply of studies that used either modified U1 snRNAs or ExSpeU1s to mediate gene therapeutic correction of splicing defects underlying a considerable number of genetic diseases. We also focus on the pre-clinical validation of these therapeutic approaches both in vitro and in vivo, and summarize the main obstacles that need to be overcome to allow for their successful translation to clinic practice in the future.
The Influence Of Return On Equity (Roe), Return On Assets (Roa) And Net Profit Margin (Npm) On PT Minimal Tiga Kata, 2019 – 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of Return On Equity (X1), Return On Assets (X2), and Net Profit Margin (X3) on Stock Prices (Y) at Minimum Three Word PT in 2019-2023. The population in this study is the financial statements of PT Minimum Three Words and a sample of 17 samples in quarterly form from 2019 – 2023. Based on the results of the multiple linear regression test, the regression equation is Y=2250.470+4. 349X_1-68. 117X_2+208. 031X_3+e. Based on the results of the partial test, it was found that the variable Return On Equity did not have a significant effect on stock prices, Return On Assets had a significant effect on stock prices, while Net Profit Margin had a significant effect on stock prices. The results of simultaneous testing show that Return On Equity, Return On Assets, and Net Profit Margin have a significant effect on stock prices. The R Square value in this study is 0.384 or 38.4%, namely the contribution of the variables ROA, ROE and NPM to stock prices while the remaining 61.6% is influenced by factors other than ROA, ROE and NPM. Keywords: Return On Equity, Return On Assets, Net Profit Margin, Stock Prices
The Influence of self efficacy and job satisfaction on the psychological wellbeing of the honorary teacher state highschool in Depok city

The teacher acts as an agent of change which means that the teacher is very influential in reform in the world of education. Indonesia lacks ASN (State Civil Apparatus) teachers, so the Education Office and State Senior High School Principals recruit honorary teachers. The problems often faced by honorary teachers are unclear status, low welfare, and quality. This study aims to empirically examine the effect of self-efficacy and job satisfaction on the psychological well-being of honorary teachers at SMA Negeri in Depok. This research is a quantitative research using multiple linear regression test. The number of samples in this study were 125 respondents who were obtained through random sampling technique. This study used a questionnaire containing a scale of psychological well-being, a scale of self-efficacy, and a scale of job satisfaction. Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out, the F value is 27.405 with a significance level of 0.000 (p <0.05) and an R Square value of 0.31 (31%). These results indicate that self-efficacy and job satisfaction together affect psychological well-being by 31% while 69% is influenced by other factors outside the study. Based on the research findings, self-efficacy and psychological well-being of honorary teachers are in the high category while job satisfaction is in the medium category. Keywords: honorary teacher, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, psychological well-being
EMPIRICAL CORRELATION BETWEEN SPT N-VALUE AND RELATIVE DENSITY FOR SANDY SOILS

ABSTRACT It has been known that the penetration resistance depends on the grain size of soils, and that fines-containing sands have smaller SPT N-values than clean sands. Previous investigations on the link between the penetration resistance and relative density have indicated that the ratio between the normalized N-value and the square of the relative density, N1/D2r, is dependent on the grain size of sands. While this dependence has not been properly quantified, it has been customary to utilize the well-known expression of Meyerhof with N1/D2r being fixed at 41. In this paper, an attempt was made to correlate the penetration resistance and relative density by accounting for the grain size properties of soils. The void ratio range (emax – emin) was used as a measure indicative of the grain size and grain size composition. It was found that M is highly dependent on the value of (emax – emin) and that this ratio gradually decreases with increasing void ratio range from a value of about 100 for gravels to a value of about 10 for silty sands. This dependence is mathematically formulated and used to establish an empirical correlation between the SPT TV-value and Dr that is applicable to various kinds of soils ranging from silty sands to gravels. The correlation is developed by using data of high-quality undisturbed samples and results of SPT measurements on natural deposits of sandy soils and gravels.
Multi‐year measurements of cloud base heights at South Pole by lidar

The Micropulse Lidar Network has operated a full‐time lidar measurement program at South Pole Station since 2000. Observations from this instrument are an important multi‐year record of clouds over the Antarctic plateau. Earlier South Pole observations relied mostly on passive measurements to characterize clouds; the lidar's active profiles present an opportunity to validate current understanding of Antarctic clouds, as well as study properties that are not adequately captured in passive measurements. Lidar observations show clouds to be present roughly 40 percent of the time, and often appearing in wind‐swept layers immediately above ground‐based scattering layers such as blowing snow and suspended ice particles. There is very little indication of seasonal variability in cloud base heights; this contradicts earlier observations from an interferometer made in 1992 when it was determined that the distribution of cloud base heights in the summer months was different from that seen at other times. Those observations had also indicated that cloud base heights over the high plateau are distributed bimodally, with many near‐surface clouds, and a second mode of other clouds well above the surface–based inversion. The lidar observations, however, suggest that this may be true only of the optically thicker clouds and even then only in the spring.
Tillage translocation and tillage erosion on shoulder slope landscape positions measured using 137Cs as a tracer

Tillage erosion, the net downslope translocation of soil by tillage, was measured on eight shoulder slope landscape positions within two fields in the upland regions of south–western Ontario. Translocation of soil by tillage was measured by labelling plots of soil with 137Cs and measuring its displacement in response to tillage. Paired plots were utilized to compare soil translocation by upslope and downslope tillage. A single sequence of conventional tillage operations, consisting of mouldboard plough, tandem disc (double pass) and C-tine cultivator, translocated 90 kg soil m−1 slope width when tillage was conducted upslope, and 142 kg m−1 when conducted downslope. Net downslope translocation resulting from one upslope tillage sequence and one downslope, was 52 kg m−1. Assuming one sequence of tillage operations occurs per year and is conducted upslope and downslope equally often, the rate of net downslope translocation would be 26 kg m−1 yr−1. The source area from which this soil loss occurred was defin.
Microbial biomass carbon and some soil properties as influenced by long-term sodic-water irrigation, gypsum, and organic amendments

Long-term sodic-water irrigation may adversely affect the quality of soil organic carbon along with some soil properties. The extent to which the adverse effects can be ameliorated through the use of gypsum and amendments needs to be known. Soil properties and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were studied after 14 years of sodic water (SW) irrigation and application of different levels of gypsum, farmyard manure (FYM), green manure (GM), and wheat straw (WS) to a sandy loam soil. Irrigation with SW increased pH, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and bulk density, and decreased final infiltration rate of soil. Application of gypsum and organic amendments reversed these trends. Decrease in MBC due to SW irrigation was from 132.5 to 44.6 mg/kg soil in the 0–75 mm soil layer and from 49.0 to 17.3 mg/kg soil in the 75–150 mm soil layer. Application of gypsum and organic amendments significantly increased MBC; GM and FYM were more effective than WS. Changes in soil ESP explained 85 and 75% variation in MBC in the unamended and organically amended SW treatments, respectively. Soil pH as additional variable improved the predictability of MBC to 96% and 77%. Irrigation with SW reduced yield of rice plus wheat by 5 t/ha. Application of gypsum and organic amendments significantly increased the rice and wheat yield; it was significantly correlated with MBC (r = 0.56**, n = 60). It confirms that MBC rather than organic C is a more sensitive indicator of environmental stresses in soils caused by long-term sodic water irrigation.
A large shock vein in L chondrite Roosevelt County 106: Evidence for a long‐duration shock pulse on the L chondrite parent body

A large shock‐induced melt vein in L6 ordinary chondrite Roosevelt County 106 contains abundant high‐pressure minerals, including olivine, enstatite, and plagioclase fragments that have been transformed to polycrystalline ringwoodite, majorite, lingunite, and jadeite. The host chondrite at the melt‐vein margins contains olivines that are partially transformed to ringwoodite. The quenched silicate melt in the shock veins consists of majoritic garnets, up to 25 μm in size, magnetite, maghemite, and phyllosilicates. The magnetite, maghemite, and phyllosilicates are the terrestrial alteration products of magnesiowüstite and quenched glass. This assemblage indicates crystallization of the silicate melt at approximately 20–25 GPa and 2000 °C. Coarse majorite garnets in the centers of shock veins grade into increasingly finer grained dendritic garnets toward the vein margins, indicating increasing quench rates toward the margins as a result of thermal conduction to the surrounding chondrite host. Nanocrystalline boundary zones, that contain wadsleyite, ringwoodite, majorite, and magnesiowüstite, occur along shock‐vein margins. These zones represent rapid quench of a boundary melt that contains less metal‐sulfide than the bulk shock vein. One‐dimensional finite element heat‐flow calculations were performed to estimate a quench time of 750–1900 ms for a 1.6‐mm thick shock vein. Because the vein crystallized as a single high‐pressure assemblage, the shock pulse duration was at least as long as the quench time and therefore the sample remained at 20–25 GPa for at least 750 ms. This relatively long shock pulse, combined with a modest shock pressure, implies that this sample came from deep in the L chondrite parent body during a collision with a large impacting body, such as the impact event that disrupted the L chondrite parent body 470 Myr ago.
A test of airborne, side-looking synthetic-aperture radar in central Newfoundland for geological reconnaissance

Side-looking, C-band synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) penetrates cloud and fog, and operates day or night, to produce pseudo-three-dimensional terrain images with enhanced topography and surface roughness. The images, which have a 20 m resolution and cover large areas, have been used to map the regional trends, patterns of lineaments, and terrain types over a 6200 km2 area of complex lithology, structure, and drift cover. Four lineament classes are differentiated. Glacial trends are clear, and bedrock structures (faults, fractures, joints, foliation, and folded bedding) with relief expression at the surface show through the drift as lineaments. They accurately reproduce most known features when compared with bedrock and Quatenary geology maps. Hitherto unrecognized structural elements are revealed. Tones and textures reflect minute surface roughness variations useful in terrain classification. SAR wide-swath-mode imagery is thus a valuable complement to aerial photography, and is superior in revealing hummo.
Downscaling Ensemble Weather Predictions for Improved Week-2 Hydrologic Forecasting

AbstractThis study investigates the use of large-scale ensemble weather predictions provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System [GFS; formerly known as Medium-Range Forecast (MRF)] for improving week-2 hydrologic forecasting. The ensemble weather predictor variables are used to downscale daily precipitation and temperature series at two meteorological stations in the Saguenay watershed in northeastern Canada. Three data-driven methods—namely, the statistical downscaling model (SDSM), the time-lagged feed-forward neural network (TLFN), and evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR)—are used as comparative downscaling models. The downscaled results of the best models are used as additional inputs in two hydrological models, namely Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV2005) and a Bayesian neural network (BNN)-based hydrologic model, for up to 14-day-ahead reservoir inflow and river flow forecasting. The performance of the two hydrologic models is compare.