Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide fluxes in a farmland ecosystem of the southern Chinese Loess Plateau measured using a chamber-based method

Background Farmland accounts for a relatively large fraction of the world’s vegetation cover, and the quantification of carbon fluxes over farmland is critical for understanding regional carbon budgets. The carbon cycle of farmland ecosystems has become a focus of global research in the field of carbon dynamics and cycling. The objectives of this study are to monitor the temporal variation in the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and soil respiration in a spring maize (Zea mays L.) farmland ecosystem of the southern Loess Plateau of China. Methods A fully automated temperature-controlled flux chamber system was adopted in this study. The system contained nine chambers for CO2 flux measurements, and three treatments were conducted: with and without maize plants in the chamber, as well as a bare field. Observations were conducted from June to September 2011. This time period covers the seedling, jointing, heading, grain filling, and ripening stages of spring maize. Other factors, such as air temperature (Ta), soil temperature (Ts), soil water content (SWC), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and precipitation (P), were simultaneously monitored. Results There was observed diurnal variation in the NEE of the maize ecosystem (NEE-maize). A short “noon break” occurred when the PAR intensity was at its maximum, while soil respiration rates had curves with a single peak. During the overall maize growth season, the total NEE-maize was –68.61 g C m−2, and the soil respiration from the maize field (SR-maize) and bare field (SR-bare field) were 245.69 g C m−2 and 114.08 g C m−2, respectively. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in the maize field exceeded that in the bare field. Significant negative correlations were found between the NEE, PAR, and temperature (all p-values < 0.01), with both Ta and PAR being the primary factors that affected the CO2 fluxes, collectively contributing 61.7%, 37.2%, and 56.8% to the NEE-maize, SR-maize, and SR-bare field, respectively. It was therefore concluded that both meteorological factors and farming practices have an important impact on the carbon balance process in corn farmland ecosystems. However, it is necessary to conduct long-term observational studies, in order to get a better understanding of the driving mechanism.
miRNA-221-3p in Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Derived Exosomes Accelerates Skin Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice

Background Patients with diabetic cutaneous ulcers experience financial burden and a lower quality of life and life expectancy. Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-derived exosomes facilitate skin wound healing by positively modulating vascular endothelial cell function. Exosomes play their important regulatory role through microRNA (miRNA). We explored the potential role and molecular mechanisms of miRNA in EPC-derived exosome healing of diabetic skin wounds. Methods Exosomes were isolated from the media of EPCs derived from mice bone marrow. High-throughput sequencing was used to detect the expression of exosome miRNA, and miRNA target genes were predicted using online databases. A diabetic mouse skin wound model was established, and wounds were treated with exosomes, miRNA-221-3p, or phosphate-buffered saline. Results Exosomes from EPCs accelerated skin wound healing in both control and diabetic mice. High-throughput sequencing showed that miRNA-221-3p was highly expressed in EPC-derived exosomes. Skin wound healing in control and diabetic mice was significantly enhanced by EPC-derived exosomes and miRNA-221-3p administration. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that EPC-derived exosomes and miRNA-221-3p increased protein expression levels of the angiogenesis-related factors VEGF, CD31 and cell proliferation marker Ki67. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that miRNA-221-3p may be involved in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, cell cycle, and the p53 signaling pathway. Conclusion We concluded that miRNA-221-3p is one of the high-expressed miRNAs in EPC-derived exosomes and promoted skin wound healing in diabetic mice. The finding uncovers the molecular mechanism of EPC-derived exosomes and provides a potential novel approach to the clinical treatment of diabetic skin wounds.
Evaluation of the Jail-Based Occupational Therapy Transition and Integration Services Program for Community Reentry.

IMPORTANCE Transition and integration reentry services continue to grow in carceral settings; however, related provision of occupational therapy is limited. OBJECTIVE To examine the implementation fidelity of an occupational therapy-administered interprofessional reentry program initiated in an urban jail. DESIGN Retrospective, mixed quantitative and qualitative design. SETTING Community-based reentry services provided prerelease in a Midwestern urban jail and postrelease in the local St. Louis community. PARTICIPANTS Occupational therapy practitioners tracking process measures for identifying reentry project feasibility. INTERVENTION Provision of recruitment, assessment, and skilled occupational therapy services with people held in a short-term jail facility and follow-up during community reentry. OUTCOME AND MEASURES Detailed logs were analyzed to describe attendance at and duration of sessions. We coded barriers to and facilitators of implementation from weekly team meeting notes and logs using social-ecological categories. RESULTS Findings indicate that it was feasible to implement prerelease jail-based services (N = 63) because of jail operations and community partnerships (facilitators) and to overcome institutional policies and environmental limitations (barriers). Full 8-wk prerelease programming was completed by 38% (n = 24) of participants, and 52% (n = 33) participated less than 8 wk. All who completed the full prerelease program and transitioned to the community (n = 15) initiated postrelease occupational therapy services. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The iterative feedback provided by process evaluation supported the feasibility of implementing the jail-based Occupational Therapy Transition and Integration Services program. WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS This process evaluation provides evidence that implementation of an occupational therapy-based transition program in an urban jail is feasible.
Survival after Long-Term ART Exposure: Findings from an Asian Patient Population Retained in Care beyond 5 Years on ART

Background This study investigated survival in people living with HIV being followed-up from 5 and 10 years after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in a multi-country Asian cohort. Methods We included patients in follow-up >5 years after ART initiation. Factors associated with mortality beyond 5 and 10 years on ART were analysed using competing risk regression with time-updated variables. Results Of 13,495 patients retained after 5 years on ART, 279 subsequently died (0.56/100 person-years). Increased mortality was associated with age >50 years (sub-hazard ratio [sHR] 2.24, 95% CI 1.58, 3.15, compared with ≤40 years), HIV exposure through injecting drug use (sHR 2.17, 95% CI 1.32, 3.56), HIV viral load ≥1,000 copies/ml: sHR 1.52, 95% CI 1.05, 2.21, compared with <400), regimen (second-line regimen: sHR 2.11, 95% CI 1.52, 2.94, and third-line regimen: sHR 2.82, 95% CI 2.00, 3.98, compared with first-line regimen), HBV coinfection (sHR 2.23, 95% CI 1.49, 3.33), fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dl (sHR 1.98, 95% CI 1.22, 3.21, compared with <100 mg/dl) and estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (sHR 2.57, 95% CI 1.56, 4.22). Decreased mortality was associated with transmission through male-to-male sexual contact (sHR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22, 0.88, compared with heterosexual transmission) and higher CD4+ T-cell count (200–349 cells/μl: sHR 0.27, 95% CI 0.20, 0.38, 350–499 cells/μl: sHR 0.10, 95% CI 0.07, 0.16 and ≥500 cells/μl: sHR 0.09, 95% CI 0.06, 0.13, compared with <200 cells/μl). Results after 10 years were similar, but most associations were weaker due to limited power. Conclusions Next to preventing ART failure, HIV programmes should carefully monitor and treat comorbidi-ties, including hepatitis, kidney disease and diabetes, to optimize survival after long-term ART exposure.
Collections of the invasive species Grateloupia turuturu (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta) from Tasmania, Australia

G.W. Saunders and R.D. Withall. 2006. Collections of the invasive species Grateloupia turuturu (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta) from Tasmania, Australia. Phycologia 45: 711–714. DOI: 10.2216/06-10.1 Intertidal collections of morphologically variable red algal blades from Bicheno on the east coast of Tasmania, Australia, during two consecutive excursions (January 2004, 2005) were strongly reminiscent of alien populations of Grateloupia turuturu collected by the authors in Rhode Island, USA. Anatomical observations of vegetative and reproductive features in combination with molecular tools were used to confirm this identification and establish the first published record for this invasive species in Australian waters.
Enamel growth rates of anterior teeth in males and females from modern and ancient British populations.

OBJECTIVE This study explored biological sex differences in the regional daily growth rates of human anterior enamel from modern and ancient populations in Britain. METHODS Maxillary permanent incisors (n = 80) and canines (n = 69) from Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Medieval, and Modern day populations were analyzed using histological methods. Daily secretion rates (DSRs) were collected for inner, mid, and outer regions of cuspal and lateral enamel. Modern day samples were of known sex, archeological individuals had sex determined using standard osteological methods. Variation in DSRs between the sexes, both between and within populations, was sought using parametric and nonparametric tests. RESULTS When all samples were pooled, there was no significant difference between males and females. Similarly no significant differences in DSRs were identified between male and females within each population. When DSRs were compared between the populations, DSRs decreased from the more ancient to the more recent populations for males, and for females. More interpopulation differences were observed in males. DISCUSSION This study presents evidence for the relative consistency of enamel DSRs between male and female groups within each British population. Interpopulation analyses found DSRs slowed significantly between Roman and modern day populations for both sexes, with male DSRs showing the greatest variation between populations.
Prediction of severe illness due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of initial Fibrinogen to Albumin Ratio and Platelet count

Abstract Concomitant coagulation disorder can occur in severe patients withCOVID-19, but in-depth studies are limited. This study aimed to describe the parameters of coagulation function of patients with COVID-19 and reveal the risk factors of developing severe disease. This study retrospectively analyzed 113patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Taizhou Public Health Center. Clinical characteristics and indexes of coagulation function were collected. A multivariate Cox analysis was performed to identify potential biomarkers for predicting disease progression. Based on the results of multivariate Cox analysis, a Nomogram was built and the predictive accuracy was evaluated through the calibration curve, decision curve, clinical impact curve, and Kaplan–Meier analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values were calculated to assess the clinical value. The data showed that Fibrinogen, FAR, and D-dimer were higher in the severe patients, while PLTcount, Alb were much lower. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that FAR and PLT count were independent risk factors for disease progression. The optimal cutoff values for FAR and PLT count were 0.0883 and 135*109/L, respectively. The C-index [0.712 (95% CI = 0.610–0.814)], decision curve, clinical impact curve showed that Nomogram could be used to predict the disease progression. In addition, the Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that potential risk decreased in patients with FAR<0.0883 and PLT count>135*109/L.The model showed a good negative predictive value [(0.9474 (95%CI = 0.845–0.986)]. This study revealed that FAR and PLT count were independent risk factors for severe illness and the severity of COVID-19 might be excluded when FAR<0.0883 and PLT count>135*109/L.
Altered Growth Rates, Carcass Fatty Acid Concentrations, and Tissue Histology in First-Feeding Steelhead Fed a Fish-Meal- and Fish-Oil-Free Diet

Abstract A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate a fish-meal-free, fish-oil-free diet for use with first-feeding steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss. The marine-based control diet (marine diet) contained sardine (Sardinops spp.) meal and pollock (Pollachius virens) liver oil as the primary sources of protein and lipid, respectively. The experimental diet (terrestrial diet) contained only terrestrial sources of protein (poultry by-product meal, blood meal, canola, corn gluten, and wheat gluten) and lipid (canola oil and flaxseed oil). Each diet was administered to five replicate groups of first-feeding fry. At the conclusion of the feeding trial, fish that were fed the marine diet exhibited significantly higher weight gain and feed efficiency than fish that were given the terrestrial diet. Survival was not significantly affected by dietary treatment. However, fish that received the terrestrial diet exhibited significantly lower hemoglobin concentration and percent packed cell volume. Histological exami.
Considerations for Postacute Rehabilitation for Survivors of COVID-19

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported on December 31, 2019. Because it has only been studied for just over three months, our understanding of this disease is still incomplete, particularly regarding its sequelae and long-term outcomes. Moreover, very little has been written about the rehabilitation needs of patients with COVID-19 after discharge from acute care. The objective of this report is to answer the question “What rehabilitation services do survivors of COVID-19 require? ” The question was asked within the context of a subacute hospital delivering geriatric inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation services. Three areas relevant to rehabilitation after COVID-19 were identified. First, details of how patients may present have been summarized, including comorbidities, complications from an intensive care unit stay with or without intubation, and the effects of the virus on multiple body systems, including those pertaining to cardiac, neurological, cognitive, and mental health. Second, I have suggested procedures regarding the design of inpatient rehabilitation units for COVID-19 survivors, staffing issues, and considerations for outpatient rehabilitation. Third, guidelines for rehabilitation (physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology) following COVID-19 have been proposed with respect to recovery of the respiratory system as well as recovery of mobility and function. A thorough assessment and an individualized, progressive treatment plan which focuses on function, disability, and return to participation in society will help each patient to maximize their function and quality of life. Careful consideration of the rehabilitation environment will ensure that all patients recover as completely as possible.
Pharmacological cancer treatment and venous thromboembolism risk

Abstract Risk factors for cancer-associated thrombosis are commonly divided into three categories: patient-, cancer-, and treatment-related factors. Currently, different types of drugs are used in cancer treatment. Chemotherapy has been identified as an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, it should be noted, that the risk of VTE is not consistent among all cytotoxic agents. In addition, different supportive care drugs, such as erythropoiesis stimulating agents or granulocyte colony stimulating factors, and hormonotherapy have been associated to an increased risk of VTE. Immunotherapy and molecular-targeted therapies have significantly changed the treatment of cancer over the past decade. The main subtypes include tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, and immunomodulatory agents. The relationship between VTE and targeted therapies remains largely unknown.
Application of Lung Ultrasound During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

This review highlights the ultrasound findings reported from a number of studies and case reports and discusses the unifying findings from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients and from the avian (H7N9) and H1N1 influenza epidemics. We discuss the potential role for portable point-of-care ultrasound (PPOCUS) as a safe and effective bedside option in the initial evaluation, management, and monitoring of disease progression in patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection.
Gathering Trauma Narratives

BACKGROUND Trauma—emotional, physical, and psychological—is common and associated with increased risk behaviors, low rates of care engagement and viral suppression, and overall poor health outcomes for people living with HIV (PLWH). This article presents the results of 15 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with PLWH in the Southeastern United States in which participants identified a trauma and described its long-lasting impact on their lives. Participants' trauma narratives described a wide range of traumas, including childhood sexual abuse, the loss of a loved one, and their HIV diagnosis. METHODS Systematic qualitative analysis was used to delineate beliefs about causes, symptoms, treatments, quality of life, and health implications of trauma. RESULTS: Fifteen participants completed semi-structured interviews that lasted on average 32 minutes. Participants described a wide spectrum of personal trauma that occurred both prior and subsequent to their HIV diagnosis. The types of trauma identified included physical, sexual, and psychological abuse inflicted by intimate partners, family members, and/or strangers. LIMITATIONS A chief limitation of this study is selection bias. Additionally, the participant selection and content of the trauma narratives might have been affected by the surrounding context of the parent study centered on HIV, aging, and psychosocial stress. It is also difficult to interpret the distinction between discrete trauma experiences and the diagnosis of HIV, leading to potential information bias. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of social support in coping with trauma and the effect of trauma on health-related behaviors. It also illustrates the need for additional research on the topic of trauma and trauma-informed care for PLWH. Understanding how different types of trauma affect individuals' lives is necessary to inform recommendations to provide better care for PLWH.
Magnetoelastic properties and behaviour of 4C pyrrhotite, Fe7S8, through the Besnus transition

Pyrrhotite, Fe7S8, is a commonly occurring carrier of magnetic remanence and has a low temperature transition, the Besnus transition, involving a change in spin state. Variations of the thermodynamic, magnetic and elastic properties through this transition at ∼33 K in a natural sample of 4C pyrrhotite have been tested against a group theoretical model for coupling between order parameters relating to Fe/vacancy ordering (irrep U1(1/2,0,1/4)) and magnetic ordering (irreps mΓ4+ and mΓ5+). Magnetoelastic coupling is weak but the pre-existing microstructure of ferroelastic and magnetic domains, that develop as a consequence of Fe/vacancy and ferrimagnetic ordering during slow cooling in nature (P63/mmc → C2′/c′), causes subtle changes in the low temperature transition (C2′/c′ → P1¯). The Besnus transition involves a rotation of magnetic moments out of the a–c plane of the monoclinic structure, but it appears that the transition temperature might vary locally according to whether it is taking place within the pre-existing domain walls or in the domains that they separate. Evidence of metamagnetic transitions suggests that the magnetic field–temperature phase diagram will display some interesting diversity. Low temperature magnetic transitions in minerals of importance to the palaeomagnetism community have been used to identify the presence of magnetite and haematite in rocks and the Besnus transition is diagnostic of the existence of pyrrhotite, Fe7S8.
Calls and reproductive behaviour of the water frogs of Damascus, Syria (Amphibia: Anura: Rana bedriagae Camerano, 1882)

Abstract From the vicinity of Damascus, the mating call, three types of territorial calls and transitional calls were recorded in Rana bedriagae in the prespawning season and main spawning season. Four of the nine tested parameters of the mating call are correlated with water temperature. Calling males were numerous in irrigation canals and they formed surprisingly dense populations in small places with superficial vegetation. Despite this density, aggressive interactions among the males were rare.
Unusual early‐onset and severe adrenomyeloneuropathy in women

We read with interest the article "Natural history of a cohort of ABCD1 variants female carriers"1 . In this cohort of 32 women with adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), the adult form of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) causing spastic paraparesis, the youngest with pyramidal signs and mild spasticity was 29yo, and the others aged 13-39 were mostly asymptomatic. This is in line with previous literature, suggesting that AMN in women is milder than in men with the first symptoms usually beginning after 40, and occurs in about 80% of carriers.2 In this regard, we report two unusual cases of women who started AMN around 20-years-old and had severely disabling symptoms.
Opportunities for Conventional and In Situ Cancer Vaccine Strategies and Combination with Immunotherapy for Gastrointestinal Cancers, A Review

Survival of gastrointestinal cancer remains dismal, especially for metastasized disease. For various cancers, especially melanoma and lung cancer, immunotherapy has been proven to confer survival benefits, but results for gastrointestinal cancer have been disappointing. Hence, there is substantial interest in exploring the usefulness of adaptive immune system education with respect to anti-cancer responses though vaccination. Encouragingly, even fairly non-specific approaches to vaccination and immune system stimulation, involving for instance influenza vaccines, have shown promising results, eliciting hopes that selection of specific antigens for vaccination may prove useful for at least a subset of gastrointestinal cancers. It is widely recognized that immune recognition and initiation of responses are hampered by a lack of T cell help, or by suppressive cancer-associated factors. In this review we will discuss the hurdles that limit efficacy of conventional cancer therapeutic vaccination methods (e.g., peptide vaccines, dendritic cell vaccination). In addition, we will outline other forms of treatment (e.g., radiotherapy, chemotherapy, oncolytic viruses) that also cause the release of antigens through immunogenic tumor cell death and can thus be considered unconventional vaccination methods (i.e., in situ vaccination). Finally, we focus on the potential additive value that vaccination strategies may have for improving the effect immunotherapy. Overall, a picture will emerge that although the field has made substantial progress, successful immunotherapy through the combination with cancer antigen vaccination, including that for gastrointestinal cancers, is still in its infancy, prompting further intensification of the research effort in this respect.