Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of different load weights on the work performance and physiological and hematobiochemical responses in working water buffalo

Background and Aim: Working animals are important in agriculture because they play a role in various agricultural activities, including milk and meat production. Thus, they contribute to the development of rural communities. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different load weights on the work performance and the physiological and hematological responses of working water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Materials and Methods: The work performances of 12 buffaloes (average weight 782.16 ± 21.62 kg) transporting 200, 350, and 500 kg of African palm fruits in metal baskets placed on their backs were evaluated. Work performance variables evaluated immediately after work were as follows: total number of trips (n), total weight (kg), distance traveled (km/day), working period (h), stopped time (h), and average speed (km/h). In addition, we evaluated physiological, biochemical, and hematological variables at three different times: before the start of work, immediately after work, and on the rest day. Results: Among the load weights, 500 kg (total load carried = 4,138.88 kg) improved work efficiency compared to 200 kg loads (total load = 3,322.22 kg) (p = 0.0281). However, 500 kg loads resulted in slower average speed (2.4 km, p = 0.0164), shorter working period (2.39 h, p < 0.0001) and distance traveled (7.29 km, p < 0.0001), and less total number of trips (8.27 trips, p < 0.0001) compared to 350 and 200 kg load weights (3.45 and 3.52 km/h, 2.55 and 2.79 h, 8.71 and 9.75 km, 10.94 and 16.61 trips, respectively); and the heaviest loads resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.005) respiratory rate, pulse, heart rate, rectal temperature, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, total protein, white blood cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. In contrast, was associated with lower levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit compared to lower loads. All differences were more pronounced in 500 kg (p < 0.005) compared to 200 kg loads. Conclusion: Working buffaloes responded to work related to the transport of African palm fruits through various physiological, biochemical, and hematological changes. However, some variables remained close to the reference values reported in the literature for water buffaloes, and in general, all variables were reestablished during the rest day, indicating that these animals have adapted to working conditions.
Effects of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (l) Moench) and Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea l) İntercropping on Some Soil Chemical Properties and Crop Yield Under Rain-Fed Conditions

A field experiment was conducted at the University of Zalingei demonstration Farm, Zalingei, West Darfur State, Sudan, during 2006 and 2007 rainy seasons to evaluate the effects of three row intercropping arrangements of sorghum and groundnut plus control on some soil chemical properties and crop yield. Sorghum(S) and groundnut (G) were mixed in row proportions of 1:1(S1G1), 2:1(S2G1) and 1:2(S1G2), plus sole sorghum as control (S1). The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The results of soil analysis, by the end of the second growing season as compared to their values by the end of the first season, showed that (S1G2) treatment gave the lowest PH (6.53) and the highest nitrogen (0.054%) and organic matter (0.68%) percentages and consequently an increase in electrical conductivity (0.21 dsm -1 ). Whereas, the sole sorghum (S1) showed the lowest values for nitrogen (0.063% and 0.032%) , organic matter (0.66 and 0.47%) and electrical conductivity (0.08 and 0. 12 dsm -1 ) and the highest pH (0.686 and 7.12) by the end of the first and second seasons ,respectively. The results also showed no significant differences between treatments in sorghum head length during both growing seasons, and in 1000-grain weight, number of productive tillers/plant, dry matter weight and total grain yield during the second poorly-distributed rainfall season (2007), whereas, the differences were significant(P≤ 0.05) during the first well-distributed rainfall season (2006). In case of the secondary crop (groundnut), all crop mixtures showed significant differences (P≤ 0.01) in total pod yield and yield components under study except 100- pod weight in the second season. The low yield and yield components of both intercrops in the second season were attributed to end-of-season drought due to early cease of rainfall. In addition to maintaining soil fertility, the results indicated that mixed cropping increased soil moisture content, which resulted in good establishment and better yield of the base crop. In the conditions of this study, the advantages of intercropping concerning maintenance and improvement of soil fertility were slight due to the short duration of the experiment.
FINTECH LENDING DEVELOPMENT, RURAL BANK PERFORMANCE, AND COLLABORATION POTENTIAL: RURAL BANKS PERSPECTIVE

The rapid development of information technology has brought the presence of fintech to the financial industry, which in turn has had a disruptive effect on banks that still run the business in traditional way, especially the rural banks that have a similar market share and relatively smaller resources. This study aims to examine the impact of fintech lending development on the rural bank performance and the potential for collaboration between fintech companies and rural banks in the Greater Solo Region based on rural banks’ perspective. The research uses primary data obtained from questionnaire survey that are analyzed by using an in-depth descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. The study discovers that the development of fintech lending in the Greater Solo area is considerably not really significant according to the rural banks’ perceptions. Furthermore, this research finds that the development of fintech lending has a negative effect on rural bank performance and a positive effect on the potential for collaboration between fintech companies and rural banks. This research contributes to providing recommendations for fintech companies and rural banks in building partnerships and for regulators in overseeing such collaborations to increase financial inclusion in Indonesia as a whole.
Social Media Effect on Personal Self-Esteem Among the Population in Saudi Arabia

Background Self-esteem is a self-valuation; it is how people perceive their own worth and how valuable they believe they are to others. In this study, our primary objective was to explore the association between social media use and self-esteem among individuals who actively engage with social media platforms in Saudi Arabia. Method This study involved individuals aged 15 and above who are active social media users residing in Saudi Arabia. The data were collected through an anonymous online cross-sectional survey. Participants were recruited using snowball and convenience sampling method. A questionnaire was administered through Google Forms to collect data from participants. The questionnaire was structured into three sections, which included gathering social and demographic information, assessing personal usage patterns, and evaluating individual self-esteem levels using an Arabic valid version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results The survey included a total of 2,551 participants. Among them, 51.3% (n = 1,309) were female, 29% (n = 741) fell within the 21-25 age group, 95.7% (n = 2,441) were of Saudi nationality, and 51.6% (n = 1,316) were single. The social media platform most frequently used by participants was TikTok 98.5% (n = 2,512), followed by Facebook 95.7% (n = 2,441), Telegram 89.8% (n = 2,291), YouTube 72.2% (n = 1,942), WhatsApp 66.0% (n = 1,683), and finally, Snapchat 30.7% (n = 1,769). In total, 14.3% (n= 366) have low self-esteem, participants scored around 16.10 ± 1.80, ranging from 5 to 25. The following variables were significantly associated with self-esteem: female sex (83.88% vs 87.52%, X2 = 6.87, p = 0.009), nationality (X2 = 13.507, p < 0.001), marital status (X2 = 12.313, p = 0.006), region (X2 = 18.36, p = 0.001), using Tik Tok (X2 = 4.11, p = 0.043), the frequency of posting comments (X2 = 12.01, p = 0.017), comparing oneself to others (X2 = 27.94, p < 0.001), using social media because of weak personal communication (X2 = 6.56, p = 0.010), using social media to follow news (X2 = 6.89, p = 0.009), and the perceived effect of social media (X2 = 16.28, p < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings revealed that a minority of participants exhibited low self-esteem, and individuals from the Northern region were more likely to report such issues. Sociodemographic factors, including gender, nationality, and marital status, demonstrated associations with self-esteem. Additionally, the frequency of comments, TikTok usage, and peer comparison significantly influenced self-esteem levels.
Temporal trends in laboratory parameters in survivors and non‑survivors of critical COVID‑19 illness and the effect of dexamethasone treatment

Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced changes in laboratory parameters in patients upon admission have been well-documented, information on their temporal changes is limited. The present study describes the laboratory trends and the effect of dexamethasone treatment on these parameters, in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU). Routine laboratory parameters, namely white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet (PLT) counts, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and albumin concentrations, were recorded upon admission to the ICU and, thereafter, on days 3, 5, 10, 15 and 21; these values were compared between survivors and non-survivors, as well as between those who were treated with dexamethasone and those who were not. Among the 733 patients in the ICU, (mean age, 65±13 years; 68% males; ICU mortality rate 45%; 76% of patients treated with dexamethasone), the WBC and neutrophil counts were persistently high in all patients, without significant differences over the first 15 days. Initially, low lymphocyte counts exhibited increasing trends, but remained higher in survivors compared to non-survivors (P=0.01). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was persistently elevated in all patients, although it was significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors (P<0.001). The PLT count was initially increased in all patients, although it was significantly decreased in non-survivors over time. The fibrinogen and LDH values remained similarly elevated in all patients. However, the increased levels of CRP, which did not differ between patients upon admission, further increased in non-survivors compared to survivors after day 10 (P=0.001). Declining trends in albumin levels over time, overall, with a significant decrease in non-survivors compared to survivors, were observed. Dexamethasone treatment significantly affected the temporal progression of fibrinogen and CRP in survivors and that of NLR in non-survivors. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that patients in the ICU with COVID-19 present persistently abnormal laboratory findings and significant differences in laboratory trends of NLR, CRP, PLT and albumin, but not in WBC and neutrophil count, and fibrinogen and LDH levels, between survivors and non-survivors. The temporal progression of fibrinogen, CRP and NLR is affected by dexamethasone treatment.
A hybrid dislocation deforming two welded anisotropic crystals

ABSTRACT The elastic field of an angular dislocation line that has a branch placed in a crystal of a bi-material while the other branch is along a strongly bound or welded interface, is found when the two crystals have anisotropic properties. Since the field of this angular dislocation depends on the elastic constants of the two crystals, it can be called hybrid dislocation (HD). To face this problem already treated using isotropic elasticity, the analysis first formulates the elastic field of a closed dislocation loop whose surface S is that of a circular sector centred in a point O of the interface. By virtue of the Saint Venant principle, when the circular segment moves far away from O, the field induced by the loop near O tends towards that of a HD. The calculation is possible thanks to the knowledge of the Green’s tensor of the bi-material which has already been the subject of several works. Thanks to the use of polar coordinates, the solution is reduced to convenient line-integral expressions which make the calculation faster. This work complements a previous approach to the HD problem based on the integral formalism. By combining two HD’s, it also gives the solution to the problem of an interfacial angular dislocation. Some applications illustrate anisotropy effects and highlight an inability of integral formalism to deal with a interfacial branch strictly in the interface.
Comparison of Settling-Velocity-Based Formulas for Threshold of Sediment Motion

The critical condition for incipient sediment motion is formulated in this note based on the settling velocity. The formula obtained is simple, relating the ratio of critical shear velocity to settling velocity to the dimensionless sediment diameter. Comparisons are then made with other settling-velocity based formulas available in the literature. To facilitate the computation of the effective near-bed velocity at the threshold condition, a generalized law-of-the-wall function is proposed for predicting the velocity distribution under various boundary conditions. This study demonstrates that the settling velocity is equivalent to the critical near-bed velocity, which is experienced by a typical bed sediment particle under the threshold condition, but only for large sediment sizes such as sand and gravel. Comparison results show that Yang’s formula is suitable for flows with small flow depth relative to sediment size while Le Roux’s formula may overestimate the threshold condition for fine particles by up .
The Effect of PBL Model on Students' Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability Based on HOTS Questions

Problem-solving is a practical approach to stimulating higher-order thinking skills. The strategy that can be used is to apply a learning model, one of which is Problem-Based Learning (PBL). This study aimed to determine the effect of PBL on the ability to solve mathematical problems based on higher-order thinking Skills (HOTS) at SMA Negeri 1 Baturraden. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method. The research design used was post-test-only. The research sample was taken using the cluster random sampling technique. The research instrument used was a mathematical problem-solving ability test based on HOTS questions. Data analysis was conducted using an independent sample t-test. The results showed that students who participated in PBL learning had better mathematical problem-solving skills based on HOTS questions than students who participated in conventional learning. In PBL learning, students will be able to (1) Students better understand the concept; (2) in learning activities, students are actively involved; (3) the learning process is more meaningful; (4) Can motivate and increase student interest in the material being studied; (5) Can emphasize positive social attitudes towards other students, such as accepting other people's opinions; (6) There is interaction between learners and their friends to achieve learning completeness; (7) Able to foster student creativity both individually and in groups.
Urban Mobility Dynamics in the Realm of Autonomous Shuttles on Dedicated Lanes: A Microscopic Synthesis

The growing interest in utilizing autonomous vehicles (AVs) for public transportation is increasingly evident in urban areas, and numerous locations worldwide have set up demonstration sites to test autonomous shuttles (ASs). However, there is a significant necessity to investigate the future traffic operational performance resulting from such services, in addition to the user behavior-based studies conducted during pilot projects. In this paper, an experimental approach is presented using a microsimulation environment to develop the traffic model with dedicated AS lanes. The approach examines different combinations of conventional vehicles (CVs), ASs, AV driving logics, and geometric modifications required to accommodate the AS service. The traffic performance of the network is evaluated using five measures of effectiveness (MoEs) at various market penetration rates (MPRs). The results reveal that the cautious driving behavior poses challenges primarily during the early stages of the MPR, and the same holds true at very high MPRs or if this driving behavior is sustained for an extended period. Thus, it is advisable to transition towards adopting higher driving logics (Normal and Aggressive), which exhibit highly promising results in meeting expectations. The trend of the results clearly indicates that utilizing dedicated lanes for AS buses is a potential option for integrating the emerging mobility solution into the current transportation system. The findings of this study are of significant importance, as they offer valuable quantitative insights that enable key stakeholders to make well-informed decisions on AS deployment.
Advancements in spray drying system for heat recovery, methodology, and economics: A review

Abstract Spray drying systems with heat recovery have gained prominence in recent times due to the energy crises and changing weather conditions. These systems are widely used in various industries, including chemical, food, fertilizer, and pharmaceutical, but their energy-intensive nature calls for efficient operation and heat retrieval. This review article discusses the current developments in heat recovery methods, including direct, indirect, and hybrid systems, as well as improvements in dryer efficiency and thermal optimization techniques. Pinch and exergy evaluations are extensively investigated as they play a crucial role in heat integration design and analysis. Recovering heat from the exhaust stream of spray dryers poses challenges due to fouling caused by fines in the exit stream and the selection of analysis methods. Exploring non-conventional energy sources like solar and geothermal energy shows potential for drying operations, but further research is needed for design and control. The adoption of recovery options has led to a 35% improvement in energy efficiency and around 74% energy savings in specific cases.
Bone Mineral Density and Trabecular Bone Score Changes throughout Menopause in Women with HIV

Objective: The objectives of this study were to describe the trajectories of bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) changes throughout pre-menopause (reproductive phase and menopausal transition) and post-menopause (early and late menopause) in women with HIV (WWH) undergoing different antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) and explore the risk factors associated with those changes. Methods: This was an observational longitudinal retrospective study in WWH with a minimum of two DEXA evaluations comprising BMD and TBS measurements, both in the pre-menopausal and post-menopausal periods. Menopause was determined according to the STRAW+10 criteria, comprising four periods: the reproductive period, menopausal transition, and early- and late-menopausal periods. Mixed-effects models were fitted to estimate the trajectories of the two outcomes (BMD and TBS) over time. Annualized lumbar BMD and TBS absolute and percentage changes were calculated in each STRAW+10 time window. A backward elimination procedure was applied to obtain the final model, including the predictors that affected the trajectories of BMD or TBS over time. Results: A total of 202 WWH, all Caucasian, were included. In detail, 1954 BMD and 195 TBS data were analyzed. The median number of DEXA evaluations per woman was 10 (IQR: 7, 12). The median observation periods per patient were 12.0 years (IQR = 8.9–14.4) for BMD and 6.0 years (IQR: 4.3, 7.9) for TBS. The prevalence of osteopenia (63% vs. 76%; p < 0.001) and osteoporosis (16% vs. 36%; p < 0.001) increased significantly between the pre-menopausal and post-menopausal periods. Both BMD (1.03 (±0.14) vs. 0.92 (±0.12) g/cm2; p < 0.001) and TBS (1.41 (IQR: 1.35, 1.45) vs. 1.32 (IQR: 1.28, 1.39); p < 0.001) decreased significantly between the two periods. The trend in BMD decreased across the four STRAW+10 periods, with a slight attenuation only in the late-menopausal period when compared with the other intervals. The TBS slope did not significantly change throughout menopause. The delta mean values of TBS in WWH were lower between the menopausal transition and reproductive period compared with the difference between menopause and menopausal transition. Conclusions: Both BMD and TBS significantly decreased over time. The slope of the change in BMD and TBS significantly decreased in the menopausal transition, suggesting that this period should be considered by clinicians as a key time during which to assess bone health and modifiable risk factors in WWH.
CDDNet: Camouflaged Defect Detection Network for Steel Surface

Accurate low-contrast defect detection has become a common bottleneck to further improve the performance of automated visual inspection (AVI) instruments. Inspired by visual crypsis, a novel concept of camouflaged defect has been proposed to assist surface defect detection, and then, a camouflaged defect detection network (CDDNet) was proposed. To be specific, a new inception dynamic texture enhanced module (IDTEM) was proposed to aggressively strengthen the indefinable boundaries and deceptive textures. To further explore spatial information over long distance, a lightweight recurrent decoupled fully connected attention (RDFCA) is designed with cost-effective computation. Finally, a new adaptive scale-equalizing pyramid convolution (ASEPC) was designed to achieve cross-scale feature fusion by exploiting the inter-layer feature correlation. The proposed CDDNet obtained competitive mean average precision (mAP) of 84.2%, 96.7%, and 67.1%, respectively, on three public datasets of NEU-DET, DAGM, and CAMO, when compared with state-of-the-arts.