Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Perceived Behavioral Control on E-learning Adoption

E-learning adoption (AEL) is a contextual phenomenon. Therefore, this research attempted to identify the association of adoption constructs and perceived behavioral control (PBC) on AEL in Sri Lankan private international schools’ context. The sample consisted of students of three leading international school chains. Respondents were selected on multi-level cluster sampling method as per provinces/districts and major cities in which these schools are in operation. Overall, 450 questionnaires were distributed and 271 completed and returned questionnaires (60%) were considered for the final data analysis. A deductive methodology and quantitative method had been followed in the research. PBC factors were identified by conducting PCA. TAM, extended by using the PBC. The empirical evidence supported the positive relationship of adoption variable and PBC variable towards AEL by correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The presence of differences in AEL between the students engaged in aesthetic subjects and science subject categories were also supported by the contrast test of ANOVA. ANCOVA revealed that the covariate; age was not significantly related to the student’s AEL while the Hayes’s process for moderation analysis has confirmed the relationship between PBC and AEL is being moderated by student’s age.
Effects of a government subsidy and labor flexibility on portfolio selection and retirement

ABSTRACT We address the ways in which a government subsidy and labor flexibility affect optimal policies and retirement decisions using a continuous-time theoretical model with endogenous labor/leisure choice. In response to a government subsidy, working agents increase their overall consumption, leisure spending, and investment in risky assets, which is an intuitive finding. Labor flexibility has marginal effects on consumption and leisure when an agent's wealth is insufficient. However, when a working agent has enough wealth to enjoy maximum leisure, labor flexibility increases leisure spending and reduces risky investments. The impacts of the two features conflict in terms of retirement decisions (i.e. the optimal threshold wealth level is decreased by the subsidy and increased by labor welfare), while labor flexibility takes precedence. Furthermore, the government subsidy is more impactful in a bad economy than in a good economy.
Influence of PPA on the Short-Term Antiaging Performance of Asphalt

It has been confirmed that polyphosphoric acid (PPA) can significantly improve the high-temperature resistance, storage stability, and aging resistance of asphalt. The low price of PPA is conducive to the development of modified asphalt with high performance and excellent economy, suggesting its great application prospects. At present, there is little research on the role of PPA in delaying the aging process of PPA-modified asphalt, and a consensus has not yet been reached. Therefore, PPA-modified asphalt with different blending amounts (0 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.8 wt%, and 1.2 wt%) was prepared in this study. On the basis of variable performance, the role of PPA in the short-term antiaging process of asphalt is analyzed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of PPA-modified asphalt before and after aging, combined with the analysis of the change in components. The results showed that after PPA addition, the high-temperature resistance and the thermal stability of asphalt were improved and the temperature sensitivity was weakened. Both curves of ductility and G ∗ indicate the potential saturation effect of PPA addition; together with infrared spectroscopy, we proved that there are both chemical reactions and physical mixing in the PPA-modified asphalt. The component fractions show that PPA will cause the asphalt to transform from sol to gel and the main function of PPA in retarding asphalt aging is the dispersion of the agglomerates of asphaltene micelles by PPA.
Nonlethal Effects of Pesticides on Web-Building Spiders Might Account for Rapid Mosquito Population Rebound after Spray Application

Spiders are important population regulators of insect pests that spread human disease and damage crops. Nonlethal pesticide exposure is known to affect behavior of arthropods. For spiders such effects include the inability to repair their webs or capture prey. In this study, nonlethal exposure of Mabel’s orchard spider (Leucauge argyrobapta) to the synthetic pyrethroid permethrin, via web application, interfered with web reconstruction and mosquito capture ability for 1–3 days. The timing of this loss-of-predator ecosystem function corresponds to the rapid population rebound of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) following insecticide application to control arbovirus epidemics. We suggest this temporal association is functional and propose that follow-up study be conducted to evaluate its significance.
Online Review Characteristics and Information Asymmetry Is it easy to switch between Online Shopping sites? A Case Study of Reviews from Amazon and Flipkart

Consumer characteristics and store attributes decide the store choice decision of consumers. To facilitate the switching process, physical formats create identical layout structures, shelf designs, staffing and billing desk. In similar lines, online stores also create features like similar website characteristics like the menu, creating shopping basket options, comparing product and billing process. Similar to Word-of-Mouth (WOM), online stores encourage and facilitate electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) communications through Online Consumer Reviews (OCR) in their websites. Many online buyers use the reviews of others, social media content and blogs in their decision process. To understand the distribution characteristics of the online reviews, in this research work, we analyze the online review from Amazon and Flipkart for the masks and sanitizers. In a review, star rating, review length and helpfulness of a review are visual characteristics that communicate the content faster than words and no research works compare their variation between two online sellers. We prove that there are significant differences exist in the distribution of review characteristics between the online retailers’ reviews. Two websites reviews vary in terms of star rating, review length and helpfulness votes. There are variations be tween Amazon and Flipkart reviews in general, and differences are observed in their brands sold also. Since the review characteristics and their distributions are unknown, this information asymmetry creates constraints for store switching behavior of online consumers.
Ability Streaming as a Predictor of Academic Inferiority Feelings Among Form Three Students in Kisii County, Kenya

There is substantial literature on the relationship between ability streaming and academic performance among students. This literature however is scanty on the relationship between ability streaming and academic inferiority feelings. The main aim of this study was therefore to investigate the relationship between ability streaming and academic inferiority feelings among students who do not perform well. Alfred Adler’s theory of individual psychology forms the theoretical framework of the study. The study adopted a mixed methods sequential explanatory research design. It was carried out in Kisii County, Kenya. The target population was all the Form Three students in public schools in Kenya (593711 students). Proportionate stratified sampling was used to select the top, average and low-ranking schools in the county. It was further used to stratify schools into boys’ boarding, girls’ boarding, mixed day and boarding and mixed day schools. Simple random sampling was used in the selection of the 400 respondents from 20 schools to form the sample. The research instruments were questionnaires and an interview schedule for the students administered by the researcher. Personal and academic self-concept inventory (PASCI) was used to collect data on academic inferiority feelings and Stephanie Soto Gordon’s questionnaire was used to collect data on ability streaming from students. A pilot study was used to validate and ensure reliability of the research instruments. Both descriptive and inferential statistical procedures were used to analyze data with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The results were presented using frequency tables. The results showed that there was a relationship between ability streaming and academic inferiority feelings with most of the respondents having moderate feelings of academic inferiority i.e. 83%. Sex differences were found in ability streaming in regard to academic inferiority feelings. Boys experienced a slightly higher level of academic inferiority feelings with a mean of 67.11as compared to girls who had a mean 65.08. A major recommendation of the study among others was that the ministry of education should try to do away with ability streaming in schools which makes the students feel academically inferior.
High energy density electrolytes for H2/Br2 redox flow batteries, their polybromide composition and influence on battery cycling limits

Hydrogen–bromine redox flow batteries (H2/Br2-RFB) are a promising stationary energy storage solution, offering energy storage densities up to 200 W h L−1. In this study, high energy density electrolytes of concentrated hydrobromic acid of up to 7.7 M are investigated. Particular polybromide ion (Br2n+1−; n = 1–3) concentrations in the electrolyte at different states of charge, their effect on the electrolytic conductivity and cell operation limits are investigated for the first time. The concentrations of individual polybromides in the electrolytes are determined by Raman spectroscopy. Tribromide (Br3−) and pentabromide (Br5−) are predominantly present in equal concentrations over the entire concentration range. Besides Br3− and Br5−, heptabromide (Br7−) exists in the electrolyte solution at higher bromine concentrations. It is shown that polybromide equilibria and their constants of Br3− and Br5− from literature are not applicable for highly concentrated solutions. The conductivity of the electrolytes depends primarily on the high proton concentration. The presence of higher polybromides leads to lower conductivities. The solubility of bromine increases disproportionately with increasing bromide concentration, since higher polybromides such as Br7− or Br5− are preferably formed with increasing bromide concentration. Cycling experiments on electrolyte in a single cell are performed and combined with limitations due to electrolyte conductivity and bromine solubility. Based on these results concentrations of the electrolyte are defined for potential operation in a H2/Br2-RFB in the range 1.0 M < c(HBr) < 7.7 M and c(Br2) < 3.35 M, leading to a theoretical energy density of 196 W h L−1.
Entrepreneurial leadership: the key to develop creativity in organizations

PurposeEntrepreneurial leadership has been developed from the existing leadership and entrepreneurship literature as a new leadership theory to meet the dynamic changes in the 21st century. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial leadership on employee creativity and the mediating influence of psychological empowerment and psychological safety, with the lens of social learning theory.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from the manufacturing sector of Pakistan with a sample size of 280 dyads of managers and employees. A two-step analytical strategy was adopted through which the measurement model was validated by using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to estimate the structural model to fit the data. The bootstrapping method was applied for testing the mediation analysis.FindingsThe current study found that entrepreneurial leadership positively related to employee creativity. Moreover, it was found that psychological empowerment and psychological safety mediated the relationships between entrepreneurial leadership and employee creativity.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of the current study provide guidance to managers and businessmen on how to develop the creative skills of employees by adopting entrepreneurial leadership behaviors. Besides, this study enriches the literature by exploring the performance mechanism of entrepreneurial leadership to develop employee creativity.Originality/valueThe current study is considered the first to examine the role of entrepreneurial leaders in stimulating employee creativity through psychological safety and psychological empowerment. As such, it enriches the creativity literature by exploring the employee creativity mechanism through entrepreneurial leadership and validating the importance of psychological factors in the development of creativity compared to previous studies, which have focused primarily on the concept or scale development of entrepreneurial leadership. Furthermore, it provides several theoretical and managerial implications along with future opportunities.
Document Analysis of State Dyslexia Legislation Suggests Likely Heterogeneous Effects on Student and School Outcomes

Previous studies of K–12 dyslexia legislation have described broad trends in legislative content, such as the presence or absence of screening and intervention requirements. This study uses document analysis to provide a finer-grained description of the laws to highlight critical variation in policy that will directly affect (a) the number and type of students identified as having or being at risk for specific reading disabilities, including dyslexia, (b) the types of supports they receive, and (c) the implementation of the laws. Results of the study indicate that differences in legislative content across states, and ambiguity within states, may lead to heterogeneous effects on student and school outcomes. Areas needing special analytic attention by researchers and policy implementers are discussed.
Examining the Relationship Between Electricity Consumption, Economic Growth, Energy Prices and Technology Development in India

This article examines the empirical relationship between electricity consumption, economic growth, energy prices and technology development for India by taking annual time series data from 1981 to 2017. By using the ARDL bounds testing approach to co-integration, the study found long-run equilibrium relationship does exist among the variables. The article reports the existence of positive and significant impact of economic growth on electricity consumption, whereas technological development negatively affects electricity consumption in both the long run and short run. The Granger causality results reveal the presence of unidirectional causality from economic growth and technological development to electricity consumption in India. Therefore, the present study suggests policy makers in India to increase investment in electricity infrastructure to support high economic growth in the country. Further, the policy makers and the government should encourage more technological innovation to minimise usage of fossil fuels and support the use of green energy. This action could help the economy achieve a sustainable economic growth with better environmental quality. JEL Codes: C22, O4, O13, Q43, Q48
Digital electronics practicum with “Logisim” application with zoom-assisted

The purpose of this study is to describe the quality of digital electronics practicum with “Logisim” application with zoom-assisted. The quality is seen from the effectiveness and response of students to digital electronics practicum with “Logisim” application with zoom-assisted. This research used descriptive research method. The research subjects were 50 Physics Education Students at Universitas Lambung Mangkurat who took Digital Electronics course. The data about quality is seen from the effectiveness and response of students. The effectiveness of digital electronics practicum with “logisim” was obtained from the practicum assessment sheet. Data about student responses were obtained from student response questionnaires with indicators of format, quality, clarity, and interest. The effectiveness of digital electronics practicum with “logisim” shows that there were no students who did not pass the practicum. Student response shows that students have a positive response to practicum activities. Therefore, it was concluded that the digital electronics practicum with logisim application has good quality if its implementation is assisted by Zoom. In the case of online learning due to a pandemic, zoom can be used to facilitate the digital electronics practicum with logisim application. Further research is needed to investigate the quality of the practicum when using other media such as google meet, webex, whatsapp group and others.
Components of Himalayan River Flows in a Changing Climate

Assessment of the response of the Himalayan river flows to climate change is complex due to multiple contributors: rainfall, snowmelt, and glacier‐melt. The number of studies is limited in this direction due to lack of data availability as well as non‐availability of models considering all the above‐mentioned components. As for example, the state‐of‐the‐art variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model does not account for the glacier melt. Here we integrate a glacier‐melt model with VIC and validate the model output with observed streamflow in five river basins in the Himalayas, at daily scale. Our model simulates the streamflow with Nash‐Sutcliffe estimates greater than 0.65 in all basins. The sensitivity analysis shows that the contribution from snowmelt decreases substantially in all the five basins with highest decrease of 36% in Dudh Kosi (DK), in a warm and dry scenario. The glacier‐melt increases (15%–70%) in a warmer environment with its present volume, but decreases (3%–38%) substantially, when the volumes are reduced to half. However, such a decrease is found to be compensated by increased precipitation in a wetter scenario with a net increase of 3%–13%. Climate model simulations show a decrease in the spring onset times for Sutlej basin while increase for DK basin for both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Sutlej and Arun basins show decreases of more than 6 days in the center of volume of streamflow, which suggests that there will be increased flows in the early part of year and reduced flows later in the year.
EMC3-EIRENE simulation of first wall recycling fluxes in W7-X with relation to H-alpha measurements

In the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator, the main locations of particle sources are expected to be the carbon divertors, baffles and graphite heat shield first wall. In this paper, the heat shield is implemented in EMC3-EIRENE to understand the expected areas and magnitudes of the recycling flux to this component. It is found that in the simulation the heat shield is not a significant source of recycling neutrals. The areas of simulated recycling flux are shown to correlate well with footprints of plasma-wetting seen in post-experimental campaign in-vessel inspection photos. EMC3-EIRENE reconstruction of line-integrated H-alpha measurements at the heat shield indicate that the majority of emission does not come from local recycling neutrals. Rather, the H-alpha signals at the heat shield are dominated by ionization of neutrals which have leaked from the divertor/baffle region into the midplane. The magnitude of the H-alpha line emission from the synthetic reconstruction is consistent with the experiment, indicating that a large overestimation of heat shield recycling would occur if these measurements were assumed to be from local recycling sources. In the future, it may be possible to obtain some information of local recycling from the heat shield since it was found that the majority of the recycling flux occurs on two well-localized areas.
Factors Associated with Bacterial Contamination of Poultry Meat at Butcher Shops in Biskra, Algeria

The latest available data indicate that since 2018, poultry has been the most widely consumed meat in the world. However, poultry meat is frequently highly contaminated with microorganisms. Total viable count (TVC), which is also called total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), is an indicator of bacterial quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with bacterial contamination of poultry meat at butcher shops. The study was carried out from January 2018 to July 2020 and included 10 butcher shops in Biskra (Algeria). Different poultry meat samples (n=159) were purchased from butcher shops, prior to and after the outbreak of COVID-19. Each sample was tested for TAMB and faecal coliforms. In this study, one independent variable was quantitative, which is the contamination of poultry meat by faecal coliforms, and nine variables were categorical: whole carcass packed at the slaughterhouse or cut at butcher shop, sample type: thigh skin, thigh meat, neck skin, liver, turkey escalope, and before or after the outbreak of COVID-19. Descriptive statistics, multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and multiple linear regression were used to examine if the various factors identified were associated with the bacterial contamination of poultry meat. The average level of contamination of poultry meat by TAMB was: 6.40 ± 0.81 log10 CFU/g. MCA results with graphical representations of qualitative and quantitative variables show the interfactor relationships. The multiple regression model explained 48.6% of the TAMB variations and estimated TAMB contamination of poultry meat according to the equation: Y= 0.477 X1 + (- 0.639) X2 + (- 0.557) X3 + (- 0.295) X4 +5.522; Y (TAMB in log10 CFU/g), X1 (faecal coliforms in log10 CFU/g), X2 (Before/after COVID-19), X3 (Turkey escalope), X4 (Carcass/cut). Identifying the factors associated with bacterial contamination of poultry meat is necessary to implement effective preventive measures in butcher shops, thus significantly reducing contamination levels and providing customers with high quality poultry meat.
What Explains Price Momentum and 52-Week High Momentum When They Really Work?

After long being one of the main puzzles in asset pricing, momentum has ironically become a case of observational equivalence. It can now be explained both by factors proxying for mispricing and by the investment CAPM. On top of this, q-factor theory also explains the related 52-week-high anomaly. We note that all these recent tests are unconditional exercises while the bulk of momentum profits are predictable and occur after periods of low-volatility. Comparing asset pricing models conditionally, when the strategies actually work, we find the unconditional fit is misleading. The models fit well most of the time but not when the profits are produced. The investment CAPM implies time-varying loadings that are inconsistent with the data. We proxy underreaction with earnings announcement returns and analyst forecast errors and find that it markedly decreases with volatility. This supports an underreaction channel as closer to the heart of both anomalies.