Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Interactive Effects of Row Arrangement, Plant Geometry and Mulching on Yield of Early Maturity Maize Hybrid under Traditional Rainfed Conditions

Aim: To study the grain yield performance of early maturity maize hybrid under rainfed conditions in relation to row arrangement, plant geometry and mulching. Place of Study: A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural research station, Karimnagar during kharif 2011-12. Methodology: The experiment was carried out in red sandy loam soils, in a splitsplit plot design with main plots as row arrangement (2) i. ) Equal rows at 67cm ii). Paired row at 84: 50cm (Between and within paired rows), Sub plots as plant geometry (3) i. ) with 40000 Plants/ha (intra row spacing of 37 cm) ii. ) with 50000 Plants /ha (intra spacing of 30cm) iii. ) with 60000 Plants/ha (intra row spacing of 25cm) and Subsub plots as mulching treatments (2) i. ) without mulching ii. ) with surface mulch @ 5 t/ha. The results indicated that there is no significant difference in grain Original Research Article Manjulatha et al.; IJECC, 11(3): 158-164, 2021; Article no.IJECC. 68701 159 yield of early maturity maize hybrid, when the crop is grown in equal row spacing of 67cm (5148 kg/ha) or paired row spacing of 84:50cm (4962 kg/ha). The grain yield of maize crop with 60000 Plants /ha (i.e., 25 cm intra row spacing) recorded higher grain yield of 5339 kg/ha followed by maize crop with 50000 Plant /ha (i.e., 30 cm intra row spacing) with 5097 kg/ha grain yield and 4729 kg/ha with 40000 Plant/ha (i.e., 37 cm intra row spacing). When crop rows were mulched with grass and dried weed material @ 5t/ha significantly increased the maize grain yield (5724 kg/ha) by 23 % than compared to the crop kept without mulch (4386 kg/ha). Consequently, the maize crop with surface mulching resulted in higher net returns (Rs.31770/ha) and benefit cost ratio of 1.7 over no mulching. While, the interaction for all parameters was non significant. Results: It can be concluded that farmers can either follow equal row spacing or paired row spacing based on situation, as there is no significant difference in terms of yield by either method. Mulching of inter row of maize crop under rainfed conditions has resulted in 23% increased yield than that of crop kept without mulch.
The helminth fauna of brown trout (Salmo trutta) from a sub-alpine lake revisited after 40 years with introduced European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus)

The helminth fauna of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Norwegian subalpine lake, Øvre Heimdalsvatn was studied by examination of gills, eyes, body cavity, kidney, stomach, pyloric region and intestine in a total of 112 brown trout randomly sampled in June, July, and September 2011. Ten helminth species, Discocotyle sagittata, Phyllodistomum umblae, Crepidostomum farionis, C. metoecus, Diplostomum sp. , Proteocephalus sp. , Cyathocephalus truncatus, Dibothriocephalus ditremus, D. dendriticus, and Capillaria sp. were identified. These data were compared to data from the period 1969 to 1972, just after the first record of the European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) in 1969. All ten helminth species, except D. dendriticus, were also present in 1969–72. However, a few major changes in infection intensities have occurred. The cestode D. ditremus and the trematode Diplostomum sp. , both with piscivorous birds as final hosts, had markedly higher relative densities (abundance) in brown trout in 2011 compared to 1969–72, while the two Crepidostomum species showed a substantial decline in relative densities. We suggest that these changes may be indirectly related to the establishment and subsequent population increase of European minnow in the lake. The abundance of minnows may have increased the food basis for the piscivorous birds, primarily mergansers and the black-throated diver that now regularly forage in the lake. In addition, there have been changes in the littoral invertebrate community, including species serving as intermediate hosts of some of the brown trout parasites.
Going Intellectually Green: Exploring the Nexus between Green Intellectual Capital, Environmental Responsibility, and Environmental Concern towards Environmental Performance

In the workplace, green prospects are gaining much importance these days, although not much is known about the green intellectual capital and its contribution towards pro-environment behavior and outcomes. As the world experiences environmental concerns, it has become imperative for businesses to look into ways through which they can improve their environmental footprints. Hence, the current study examines the nexus between green intellectual capital (green human capital, green structural capital, and green relational capital) and environmental performance. The study also tested if environmental responsibility mediates the association and examined the role of environmental concern as a moderator. Data were gathered from the hotel sectors in Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates and analyzed using a structural equation modeling approach via Smart PLS. The results show a significant association between green human and relational capital with environmental performance; a strong association was also found between environmental responsibility and environmental performance. The results also report a significant association between the three factors of green intellectual capital and environmental responsibility. The results found a mediating effect of environmental responsibility, whereas environmental concern only moderated the association between green human capital and environmental performance. The study presents prominent implications for theory and practice, followed by recommendations for future studies.
Estimation of Transmission Line Parameters Using Voltage-Current Measurements and Whale Optimization Algorithm

Real-time estimation of transmission line (TL) parameters is essential for proper management of transmission and distribution networks. These parameters can be used to detect incipient faults within the line and hence avoid any potential consequences. While some attempts can be found in the literature to estimate TL parameters, the presented techniques are either complex or impractical. Moreover, none of the presented techniques published in the literature so far can be implemented in real time. This paper presents a cost-effective technique to estimate TL parameters in real time. The proposed technique employs easily accessible voltage and current data measured at both ends of the line. For simplicity, only one quarter of the measured data is sampled and utilized in a developed objective function that is solved using the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to estimate the TL parameters. The proposed objective function comprises the sum of square errors of the measured data and the corresponding estimated values. The robustness of the proposed technique is tested on a simple two-bus and the IEEE 14-bus systems. The impact of uncertainties in the measured data including magnitude, phase, and communication delay on the performance of the proposed estimation technique is also investigated. Results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method that can be implemented in real time to detect any incipient variations in the TL parameters due to abnormal or fault events.
Dreaming About One’s Own Children: An Online Survey

Social interactions with close persons are very important and one would expect – according to the continuity hypothesis of dreaming – that the dreamer's own children would show up in dreams quite frequently. So far the extent to which dreams include the dreamer’s own children has not been studied systematically. Overall, 1695 persons (960 women, 735 men; age mean: 53.84 ± 13.99 years) completed an online survey that included questions about dreams and waking-life experiences with their children. The findings indicate parents dream about their children in 17% of the remembered dreams, whereas participants without children only dream about having fictive children in the dream in less than 3% of all their recalled dreams. Results indicate that average emotional tone of the dreams with their own children was positive, but dreams might also focus on conflicts and worries as the mean emotional tone within dreams was less positive that the mean estimates of the emotional tone of the waking-life relationship. This first study on the frequency with which a dreamer’s own children appear in their dreams is a starting point to take a closer look at the way the parent-child relationship is reflected in dreams.
The right thing to do or the smart thing to do? How communicating moral or business motives for diversity affects the employment image of Dutch public and private sector organizations

Many organizations have diversity statements in place in which they publicly declare their appreciation of and commitment to workforce diversity. These statements can either contain moral motives (e.g., “diversity reduces social inequalities”), business motives (e.g., “diversity enhances innovation”), or a combination of moral and business motives. In a desk study involving 182 Dutch organizations, we found that (a) private sector organizations more often than public sector organizations communicate business motives, (b) that public and private sector organizations are equally likely to communicate moral motives, and (c) that public sector organizations more frequently than private sector organizations communicate a combination of moral and business motives. Next, we used an experimental design to examine the causal influence of communicating different diversity motives on organizations' employment image (i.e., perceptions of organizational morality, competence, and attractiveness) among prospective employees ( n = 393). Here, we used a scenario in which a healthcare organization was portrayed as either a public or a private sector organization and communicated either only moral motives, only business motives or a combination of moral and business motives for diversity. We found that for a public sector organization communicating moral instead of business motives for valuing diversity induced a more favorable employment image. For a private sector organization, there were no differences in employment image depending on the motive communicated. Together, these two studies shed new light on the role of diversity motives in establishing a positive employment image.
The Scarring and Hysteresis Effects of Steep Recessions and the Implications for Fiscal Policy in ECA Transition Emdes

The deep recession in many of the emerging market transition economies of Europe and Central Asia caused by the COVID-19 crisis has raised fears of long-term damage to potential output through scarring and hysteresis. These economies were also hit hard by the great recession caused by the global financial crisis. This paper provides empirical estimates of the impact of the great recession on the subsequent medium-term level of real gross domestic product in a sample of 65 middle-income countries. It finds evidence of a significant hysteresis parameter in these countries. The paper also examines how the combination of a hysteresis parameter and a positive fiscal multiplier can mean that a countercyclical fiscal expansion that successfully mitigates the output loss in a recession need not worsen public debt levels in the medium to long term because of its positive impact on potential output and thus the tax base.
Regulation of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Association With miRNAs Expression

Various genetic factors are controlling regulatory cells T (Treg) cell function, such as miRNAs. Interfering in the miRNA synthesis pathway in Treg cells could result in loss of Tregs' regulatory function, leading to the promotion of inflammatory settings and autoimmunity. This study was designed to investigate the role of miRNA in regulating Treg cells in SLE patients. Treg's frequency was determined using flow cytometry in 100 SLE patients’ and100 healthy controls. Expression of miR-21, miR-24, miR125, miR-146a, miR-148a, and miR-155 was estimated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The ROC curve evaluated the diagnostic role of miRNAs in SLE. A significant elevation (p<0.001) in Treg cells in SLE patients than controls was observed, with a maximum increase inactive SLE cases. SLE patients exhibit a significant increase in miR-21 (p<0.01), miR-148a (p<0.001), miR-146a (p<0.05) and miR-155 (p<0.001) and significant reduction in miR-24 (p<0.001). An insignificant decrease in miR-125 was observed in SLE patients. The best sensitivity and specificity were detected in miR-148a (88%, 70%) at a cutoff value of 1. 065. Tregs were positively correlated with miR-21(r=0.333, p<0.05), miR-146a (r=0.589, p<0.01) and miR-148a (r=0.309, p<0.05). In conclusion, this research provides a piece of novel information regarding Treg cells' in SLE patients. Our results pointed to the substantial role of miRNAs in controlling Treg cells in lupus. To validate our interesting results, more researches are needed.
Evolution of volatility and composition in sesquiterpene-mixed and α-pinene secondary organic aerosol particles during isothermal evaporation

Abstract. Efforts have been spent on investigating the isothermal evaporation of α-pinene SOA particles at ranges of conditions and decoupling the impacts of viscosity and volatility on evaporation. However, little is known about the evaporation behavior of SOA particles from biogenic organic compounds other than α-pinene. In this study, we investigated the isothermal evaporation behaviors of α-pinene (αpin) and sesquiterpene mixture (SQTmix) SOA particles under a series of relative humidity (RH) conditions. With a set of in-situ instruments, we monitored the evolution of particle size, volatility, and composition during evaporation. Our finding demonstrates that the SQTmix SOA particles evaporated slower than the αpin ones at any set of RH (expressed with the volume fraction remaining (VFR)), which is primarily due to their lower volatility and possibly aided by higher viscosity under dry conditions. We further applied positive matrix factorization (PMF) to thermal desorption data containing volatility and composition information. Analyzing the net change ratios (NCRs) of each PMF-resolved factor, we can quantitatively compare how each sample factor evolves with increasing evaporation time/RH. When sufficient particulate water content was present in either SOA system, the most volatile sample factor was primarily lost via evaporation and changes in other sample factors were mainly governed by aqueous-phase processes. The evolution of each sample factor of SQTmix SOA particles was controlled by a single type of process, whereas for αpin SOA particles it was regulated by multiple processes. As indicated by the coevolution of VFR and NCR, the effect of aqueous-phase processes could vary from one to another according to particle type, sample factors and evaporation timescale.
Trajectory-following of a 4WID-4WIS vehicle via feedforward–backstepping sliding-mode control

Realisation of high-precision trajectory tracking is the key technology to achieve unmanned driving, which has an important impact on vehicle handling stability, safety and comfort. However, many confounding factors seriously restrict tracking performance and pose a great challenge to the design of the controller for tracking the desired trajectory. A comprehensive method that combines feedforward and backstepping sliding mode control is proposed for a four-wheel independent driving–four-wheel independent steering (4WID-4WIS) vehicle, which has the advantages of over-coupling, multiple degrees of freedom and flexible operation. The desired value is the target for the feedforward output of the controller, and the backstepping sliding mode control is used to overcome all kinds of disturbances. A mature and reliable Luenberger observer is designed to achieve good trajectory tracking performance for reducing some sensors. The proposed method is verified via MATLAB/Simulink simulation, which proved that the method has an excellent trajectory tracking performance.
A comparative study of cardiovascular disease risk among bus drivers and bus conductors of a state transport corporation in North Goa

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are major noncommunicable diseases in India and Goa and are mainly attributed to stress, changes in lifestyle such as diet, sedentary life etc. Work-related stress and unfavourable working environment may play a causative role. Studies have concluded that employees of transport industry have a higher risk of co-morbidities and mortalities in comparison to the general population. Undoubtedly, the enactment of healthy lifestyles among transport employees is difficult due to their working environment and job demands i.e. irregular working hours and shifts, inadequate periods of rest, lack of sleep and irregular meal timings. They are compulsory sedentary workers as their work involves minimum physical activity and are at risks of developing unhealthy behaviours such as consumption of unhealthy foods, tobacco and alcohol. All these predispose them to morbidities and increased CVD risks compared to the population in general.
Legal socialization: Understanding the obligation to obey the law

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The Antibiogram Profile of Commensal Escherichia coli of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Apparently Healthy Ostriches and Diseased Chickens with Colibacillosis

The present study aimed to assess the antibiotic resistance of commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli) of the healthy ostriches (Eho) and the diseased chickens with colibacillosis (Epc) and to determine if the odds that Eho (test group) shows antimicrobial resistance different from the Epc (reference group). In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we calculated the odd ratio (OR) after determination of the resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) rates, MDR pattern, and the antibiotype of Eho (n= 49) and Epc (n= 39) against ampicillin, amoxicillin, gentamicin, amikacin, oxytetracycline, sultrim, lincospectin, and chloramphenicol. All of the Eho (100%) were resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin, and amoxicillin (P 0.05) antibiotypes, respectively. The odds of Eho being resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and gentamicin (P > 0.05) and P1 MDR pattern (P 0.05) and one (P < 0.05) antibiotypes were higher in Eho compared to those in Epc. Our findings emphasized the development of antibiotic resistance in commensal E. coli and indicated that not only one antibiotic may not treat the disease in chickens, but antibiotic susceptibility testing is also of great necessity for veterinary health. The possible contamination of meat, carcasses, and eggs of apparently healthy ostriches by their fecal MDR E. coli threatens human health.
The great expansion of 2019 and the delinquency rates of blacks and hispanics

ABSTRACT During a period of increasing prosperity, the U.S. debt delinquency rate decreased between 2016 and 2019, with a relatively large decrease for Asians households and somewhat smaller decrease for Blacks and Whites, while the rate for Hispanics stayed constant. Blacks were more likely to be delinquent than Whites and Hispanics. Controlling for household characteristics, there was not a significant year effect for delinquency, suggesting that changes in household characteristics accounted for the overall decrease between 2016 and 2019. Additional analyses showed the Black delinquency rate in 2016 was not significantly different from the White rate, but was higher than the White rate in 2019. In both years, Hispanics had lower delinquency rates than Blacks. We discuss possible explanations for the differences between Hispanics and Blacks.
A study on soot formation rate premixed combunstion at hight pressures.

The effects of equivalence ratio, pressure and temperature on soot formation in premixed propane-oxygen-inert gas combustion have been examined over the wide ranges of equivalence ratio from 1.5 to 2.7, pressure from 0.1 to 6 MPa and temperature from 1200 to 2100 K by using a constant volume combustion at the highest pressure was measured by the laser extinction technique, and the burnt gas temperature during the same period was measured by the two-color method. It was found that the soot yield is dependent on the equivalence ratio, temperature and pressure, and that the soot yield rises with increasing equivalence ratio if the burnt gas temperature and pressure are constant; this tendency is pronounced with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature.
In situ Study of Dilute H2SO4 Pretreatment of 13C-Enriched Poplar Wood, Using 13C NMR

In situ 13C NMR measurements are reported on 13C-enriched powdered poplar wood that is subjected to pretreatment with 0.5 M sulfuric acid as a function of time and at two temperatures. 13C MAS (magic-angle spinning) spectra were obtained in both the DP (direct polarization) and CP (cross-polarization) modes, the contrasts in this combination yielding valuable qualitative information on the effect of pretreatment on local molecular mobilities. T1 values for 13C and for 1H, as well as TCH and T1ρH, were measured at various stages of treatment with 0.5 M H2SO4 for lignin peaks and for cellulose peaks in the 13C NMR spectra, as quantitative indicators of the degree of molecular motion for those two structural entities. The results show that a substantial fraction of the solid/semisolid biomass is converted at elevated temperatures to (a) chemically different and more mobile structures and (b) locally similar structures with enhanced atomic-level mobilities and that some fraction of this “mobilized” biomass do.
Single-crystalline BaTiO3 films grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy

Thin BaTiO3 films were grown on GdScO3 (110) substrates by metalorganic gas-source molecular beam epitaxy. Titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) was used as a volatile precursor that provides a wide growth window of the supplied TTIP/Ba ratio for automatic adjustment of the film composition. Within the growth window, compressively strained films can be grown with excellent crystalline quality, whereas films grown outside of the growth window are relaxed with inferior crystallinity. This growth method will provide a way to study the intrinsic properties of ferroelectric BaTiO3 films and their heterostructures by precise control of the stoichiometry, structure, and purity.