Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotional and behavioural problems of children and adolescents who stutter: Comparison with typically developing peers

Abstract Purpose There are several studies showing contradictory results on concurrent emotional and behavioural problems of children and adolescents who stutter (CAWS). This study aimed to identify whether there is a difference between Turkish-speaking CAWS and their typically developing peers (TDP) in emotional and behavioural problems. Methods The study group consisted of 45 CAWS, aged between 3.40 and 15.92 years, and the control group consisted of 45 TDP, aged between 3.15 and 16.80 years. Participants were divided into three age groups: early childhood (0–6 years), middle childhood (7–11 years) and adolescence (12–18 years). CAWS and TDP were compared separately in each age group with Mann–Whitney U tests. Assessments of emotional and behavioural problems were conducted with the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) for Ages 1.5–5 and the CBCL for Ages 6–18. Results In early childhood, CAWS had significantly higher emotional reactivity, anxiety/depression, somatic complaints, withdrawal, sleep problems, attention problems and aggressive behaviour scores than TDP. In middle childhood and adolescence, CAWS had significantly higher anxiety/depression, withdrawal/depression, social problems, attention problems, rule-breaking behaviour and aggressive behaviour scores compared to TDP. In adolescence, somatic problems and thought problems scores were also significantly higher in AWS than TDP. Conclusions We concluded that emotional and behavioural problems associated with stuttering are noticeable from early childhood to adolescence. Cooperation with mental health professionals may be needed to improve the quality of speech therapy in CAWS.
Understanding Nepali widows’ experiences for the adaptation of an instrument to assess Prolonged Grief Disorder

The experience of grief varies across different cultures and contexts. Women in Nepal who lose their husbands confront discrimination, social isolation, and abuse that influence their experience of grief. Through eight focus group discussions with Nepali widows, we elicited socially sanctioned grief reactions and local idioms used to describe common cognitive, behavioral, and emotional symptoms of grief. Accordingly, modifications to an existing instrument for Prolonged Grief Disorder, the PG-13, are suggested to capture grief symptoms as experienced by Nepali widows. Items in the PG-13 were translated to colloquial Nepali and adapted to maintain comprehensibility, acceptability, relevance, and completeness. Based on the grief-related issues reported in the focus group discussions, the addition of five new items and a new criterion to capture symptoms related to social discrimination are proposed. Widows perceived elevated symptoms one year after the loss to be problematic. It is thus recommended that the duration criterion in the original PG-13 be adjusted from at least six months to at least one year after the loss. These proposed modifications to the instrument should be validated through future psychometric testing.
Prognostic value of leukocytosis in pediatric traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess leukocytosis and its prognostic value in pediatric isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Two hundred one children with isolated TBI admitted to the authors' institution between June 2006 and June 2018 were prospectively followed and their data retrospectively analyzed. Initial blood leukocyte count (i.e., white cell count [WCC]), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, CT scans, duration of hospital stay, and Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale (PCPCS) scores were analyzed. RESULTS The mean age was 4.2 years (range 0.2-16 years). Seventy-four, 70, and 57 patients had severe (GCS score 3-8), moderate (GCS score 9-13), and mild (GCS score 14-15) TBI, respectively, with associated WCC of 20, 15.9, and 10.7 × 109/L and neutrophil counts of 15.6, 11.3, and 6.1 × 109/L, respectively (p < 0.01). Higher WCC and neutrophil counts were demonstrated in patients with increased intracranial mass effect on CT, longer hospital stay, and worse 6-month PCPCS score (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression revealed a cutoff leukocyte count of 16.1 × 109/L, neutrophil count of 11.9 × 109/L, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of 5.2, above which length of hospital stay and PCPCS scores were less favorable. Furthermore, NLR was the second most important independent risk factor for a poor outcome (after GCS score). The IMPACT (International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI) adult TBI prediction model applied to this pediatric cohort demonstrated increased accuracy when WCC was incorporated as a risk factor. CONCLUSIONS In the largest and first prospective study of isolated pediatric head injury to date, the authors have demonstrated that WCC > 16.1 × 109/L, neutrophil count > 11.9 × 109/L and NLR > 5.2 each have predictive value for lengthy hospital stay and poor PCPCS scores, and NLR is an independent risk factor for poor outcome. Incorporating the initial leukocyte count into TBI prediction models may improve prognostication.
Shook Ones: Understanding the Intersection of Nonfatal Violent Firearm Injury, Incarceration, and Traumatic Stress Among Young Black Men

Violent injury is a leading cause of death and disability among young Black men, with the highest rates occurring in low-income urban populations. Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) offer a promising opportunity to address the biopsychosocial factors that adversely affect this population. However, there are major gaps between the needs of young Black male survivors of violent injury and the forms of care provided by HVIPs. Patient-centered outcomes research provides a useful mode of inquiry to develop strategies to decrease these differences. Care for survivors, including treatment for traumatic stress disorders, must be reconceptualized to center the lived experiences of young Black men. This paper qualitatively explores how these survivors of gun violence express symptoms of traumatic stress and the ways in which their narratives can inform the implementation of the biopsychosocial model in HVIPs. A phenomenological variant ecological systems theory framework was used to analyze participant narratives to aid in understanding their symptoms of traumatic stress and post-injury affective changes as both psychologically and socially important experiences. Such insight may inform changes to HVIP practice to address persistent health disparities related to violence.
SPECIFIC ION EFFECTS ON THE SEED GERMINATION OF SUNFLOWER

Salinity can affect germination of seeds either by creating osmotic potentials that prevent water uptake or by toxic effects of specific ions. This work was carried out to evaluate the germination of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds under increasing salinity by using the most abundant salts in China. Potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), and calcium (Ca2+) contents in hypocotyls were determined on the fifth day. At same concentration of salt solution, the adverse effect of ions is in the following sequence: carbonate radical (CO3 2−) > sulfate radical (SO4 2−), chloride (Cl−) > bicarbonate radical (HCO3 −), magnesium (Mg2+) > Ca2+, and Na+ > K+. The effect of salinity on the germination phase of development is mainly due to its osmotic component other than the ion toxicity. Calcium decreased as increasing of the concentration of salt solutions, and cannot act as the role of enhancing cell division and membrane permeability.
A new correction to Schottky barrier lowering in cathodes

A new technique is developed for approximating cathode current‐voltage (I‐V) and current‐temperature (I‐T) characteristics in a planar diode configuration. For a uniform work function surface, this method allows both for space‐charge effects and for Schottky barrier lowering. Using this method, we derive an explicit first correction to the Schottky effect: ΔΦnew =ΔΦ0[1−(Jnet/JC)]1/2, where ΔΦ0 is the standard Schottky barrier lowering (eV), Jnet is the net emission current density, and JC is the Child’s law current density. The following closed form expression then approximates the net emission current density: Jnet≂JC (JR>JC), and Jnet≂JR exp(ΔΦnew/kT) (JR<JC), where JR is the Richardson’s current density. This equation for Jnet connects the space‐charge‐limited (SCL) emission regime to the deep temperature‐limited (TL) regime. The SCL‐to‐TL transition point is found to be JR, and the above equations for emission current are continuous with a continuous slope at the transition point.
Properties of the superconducting state in compressed sulphur

The thermodynamic properties of the superconducting state in sulphur at pressure 160 GPa have been determined. It has been shown that: (i) the critical value of the Coulomb pseudopotential is equal to 0.127; (ii) the critical temperature (T C = 17 K) should be calculated by using the modified Allen–Dynes formula; (iii) the effective electron–electron interaction is attractive in the range of frequencies from zero to the frequency slightly lesser than the maximum phonon frequency (∼0.85Ωmax); (iv) the dimensionless ratios: 2Δ(0)/k B T C , ΔC(T C )/C N (T C ) and are equal to: 3.7, 1.65 and 0.16, respectively; (v) the ratio of the effective to bare electron mass reaches maximum of 1.77 for T = T C .
Synthesis, crystal structures, and superoxide dismutase activity of two isostructural copper(II)–zinc(II) complexes derived from N,N′-bis(4-methoxysalicylidene)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine

Two new isostructural copper(II)–zinc(II) complexes, [CuZnLBr2] (1) and [CuZnLCl2] (2) (H2L = N,N′-bis(4-methoxysalicylidene)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both complexes crystallize in the P-1 space group. The Cu in each complex is four-coordinate square planar with two imines and two phenolates of L. The Zn in each complex is four-coordinate tetrahedral with two phenolates of L and two halides (Br for 1 and Cl for 2). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the complexes indicates that both complexes are rudimentary models for SOD.
EFFECT OF EXTENDING BEEF PATTIES WITH MILK CO‐PRECIPITATES

Granulated type calcium co-precipitates (CCP) with and without wheat flour were used to extend ground beef with fat levels of 20 and 30%. The hydrated CCP was added at the level of 30% by weight and the physical, chemical and sensory properties of the mixture were evaluated along with those of all-meat patties and patties extended with texturized soya protein. Results of physical and chemical analyses were variable and showed no definite trend. All-meat patties gave the highest yield, lowest shrinkage and highest fat content after cooking. Patties extended with CCP and wheat flour had the highest moisture content and lowest penetrometer values at both fat levels. Sensory evaluation revealed that patties extended with CCP and wheat flour had the best appearance, flavor and texture and were generally the most acceptable.
Dion–Jacobson-type oxide-ion conductor CsLa2Ti2NbO10−δ without phase transitions

Oxide-ion conductors have received considerable attention owing to their wide applicability in many electrochemical devices such as solid-oxide fuel cells, oxygen gas sensors, and oxygen separation membranes. CsBi2Ti2NbO10−δ (δ represents oxygen-vacancy content), a Dion–Jacobson-type layered perovskite, exhibits higher oxide-ion conductivity than the conventional yttria-stabilized zirconia. However, CsBi2Ti2NbO10−δ undergoes a phase transition around 800 K, which may make it unsuitable for practical applications. In this study, we present a Dion–Jacobson-type oxide-ion conductor CsLa2Ti2NbO10−δ that does not show phase transitions in the temperature range from 297 K to 1073 K. CsR2Ti2NbO10−δ (R = La, Pr, Nd and Sm) oxides were synthesized. CsLa2Ti2NbO10−δ shows the highest total electrical conductivity (σtot) among them. σtot of CsLa2Ti2NbO10−δ is almost constant from 10−22 to 1 atm oxygen partial pressure at 873 K, supporting oxide-ion conduction. Proton conductivity was not observed between 673 K and 1273 K because the σtot measured in dry air agreed well with that measured in wet air at the same temperature. Electromotive force measurements by an oxygen concentration cell show an oxide-ion transport number of 0.99 in CsLa2Ti2NbO10−δ at 873 K, which indicates that the major charge carrier in CsLa2Ti2NbO10−δ is the oxide ion. The electrical properties were examined by an AC impedance method, showing a bulk ionic conductivity of 1.01 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 1276 K with an activation energy of 0.932(2) eV. Neutron-diffraction and synchrotron X-ray diffraction data were processed using Rietveld refinements and revealed no phase transitions from 297 K to 1073 K in CsLa2Ti2NbO10−δ. Bond-valence-based energy landscapes of a test oxide ion in CsLa2Ti2NbO10−δ strongly suggest that oxide ions diffuse along the edges of the octahedra in perovskite-like slabs, leading to two-dimensional (2D) oxide-ion diffusion. We attribute the oxide-ion conduction in CsLa2Ti2NbO10−δ to the existence of oxygen vacancies, anisotropic thermal motions of oxygen atoms, and the 2D oxide-ion conducting slab.
Effect of seed zinc content on grain yield and zinc concentration of wheat grown in zinc-deficient calcareous soils

Abstract Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of different seed‐zinc (Zn) content on grain yield and grain Zn concentration in a bread wheat cultivar Atay 85 grown in a severely Zn‐deficient soil under rainfed and irrigated conditions for two years. Three groups of seeds with Zn contents of 355, 800, and 1,465 ng Zn seed‐1 were obtained through different number of foliar applications of ZnSO4.7H2O in the previous crop year. Experiments were carried out with 23 kg Zn ha‐1 (as ZnSO4.7H2O) and without Zn fertilization to the soil. Grain yield from seeds with 800 and 1,465 ng Zn seed‐1 content was significantly higher than that from low seed‐Zn, especially under rainfed conditions. In the first year, under rainfed and Zn‐deficient conditions, yield of plants grown from the highest seed‐Zn content was 116% higher than the yield of plants grown from the low seed‐Zn content. However, in the first year soil‐Zn application combined with low‐Zn seed resulted in a yield increase of 466% compared to.
Dependence of Camomile Flower Solubility on Carbon Dioxide Density at Supercritical Extraction

Abstract The solubility of camomile flowers in supercritical carbon dioxide as it depends on pressure (80–160 bar) and temperature (313–353 K) changes has been determined by using a dynamic procedure. The solubilities obtained were correlated with the density of carbon dioxide by using Chrastil's equation. This equation allows the calculation of the solubility of a complex system.
A novel, mild and selective methylation of carboxyl groups in cellulosic pulps 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Abstract A method for selective, fast, and near-quantitative methylation of carboxyl groups in the presence of aliphatic hydroxyl groups of cellulose was developed. The main advantage of the method is the complete maintenance of cellulose integrity; no degradation of cellulose whatsoever during the methylation procedure was observed, making the protocol extremely useful in advanced cellulose analytics. Trimethylsilyl diazomethane (TMS-DAM) was used as the methylation agent. The methylation conditions were pre-optimized by means of carbohydrate model compounds with low-molecular weight, such as derivatives of glucuronic acid and hexenuronic acid, and then re-optimized for methylation of cellulose. The influence of reaction parameters, such as time, temperature, solvents, and concentration, was also determined. The reaction kinetics was monitored by fluorescence labeling of the remaining carboxyl groups according to the common FDAM protocol. A general protocol for the fast methylation of carboxyl groups in pulp samples is presented. The methylation with TMS-DAM is a very fast process, both in comparison to general heterogeneous reactions on cellulosic pulps, and especially in comparison to other methylation approaches. In dissolving and paper grade pulps, methylation of xylan carboxyls proceeded faster than methylation of cellulosic carboxyls. The methylation rate and kinetics are dependent on the pulp type. As application examples, electrokinetic measurements were used to demonstrate the “blocked” reactivity of carboxyl groups in spin-coated films of methylated pulp samples, and ICP-MS was used to demonstrate the drastically decreased metal ion binding capacity of pulp after such methylation.
The effect of the kind of Fe chelate on yielding and quality of greenhouse tomato fruits

Abstract A two-year-greenhouse experiment was designed to investigate the effect of four chelates, differing in percentage of Fe content and the kind of Fe bonding ligand: Fe 8 Forte (EDTA+HEEDTA), Fe 9 Premium (DTPA), Fe 13 Top (EDTA) and Librel Fe DP7 (DTPA), on the yield and fruit quality of the ‘Merkury’ F1 greenhouse tomato cultivar grown in peat substrate. Each of the tested fertilisers was applied in three different doses in order to reach the level of 50, 75 or 100 mg available Fe per 1 dm-3 of growing medium. In the control treatment the amount of this nutrient was equal to 17.9 mg dm-3. The tomato was cultivated from transplants on benches in the period from the beginning of April to the end of July. The highest marketable yield of tomato fruits was obtained from plants fertilised with Fe 9 Premium (DTPA), while the lowest was from the treatment with Fe 13 Top (EDTA) chelate. Both of these sources of iron were equally efficient for the early crop yield, which was significantly higher than that of other tested fertilisers. Irrespective of the Fe source, the most favourable dose of this nutrient for marketable and early fruit yield was 50 mg Fe dm-3. Both tested factors had little effect on fruit composition. The only exception was a significant drop of vitamin C content in the treatment supplied with Fe 9 Premium and an increment of Na in the case of Fe 13 Top use. The increase of Fe in the growing medium up to 75 and 100 mg dm-3 adversely affected the amount of P in tomato fruits.
Sublimation Rate of Energetic Materials in Air: RDX and PETN

This paper reports measurements of RDX and PETN sublimation rate in air. For both explosives the initial samples were prepared by precipitation from solution. For RDX a continuous thin film is obtained, while PETN samples were constituted of small, well separated, single crystals. The sublimation process was monitored using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). It is demonstrated that a quan- titative description of the sublimation rates can be ob- tained using molecular diffusion equations in the surround- ing air. A quantitative description is limited by the large dis- crepancy of the reported vapor pressure of these explo- sives in the literature. An additional obstacle in the accura- cy of these predictions is the limited data related to vapor- in-air diffusion coefficients. The results reported herein allow us to determine the most relevant vapor pressure source among those reported in the literature and the most probable diffusion coefficient values.
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STRESS, WELL-BEING, JOB SATISFACTION, AND COPING IN THREE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between stressors, job satisfaction, well-being, the influence of coping on these relationships and differences for Great Britain, Romania and The Netherlands using the Occupational Stress Indicator-2. 224 participants in Great Britain, 239 participants in Romania and 242 participants in the Netherlands filled in the questionnaire. The stressors workload, hassles and poor organisational climate did have a negative relationship with wellbeing, as expected. The stressor personal responsibility had a positive relationship with well-being. Country was moderating the relationship between managerial role and well-being and personal responsibility and well-being. Coping was mediating the relationships of poor relationships and well-being, and home/work balance and well-being. Well-being did not have a significant relationship with job satisfaction.
Effects of Component Interactions on the Aqueous Solubilities and Dissolution Rates of the Explosive Formulations Octol, Composition B, and LX-14

The effects of component interactions on aqueous solubilities and dissolution rates were determined for the explosive formulations octol, composition B, and LX-14 and for mixtures of three separate explosive compounds that make up these formulations. Experiments were performed over the temperature range of (10−30)°C at a constant mixing rate of 2.5 revolutions per second (rps), and data were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection. Formulation results are compared to results of nonbound mixtures of individual explosive compounds and to results of explosive compounds studied separately. The solubilities determined for the formulations and the various mixtures were comparable to the solubilities of the explosive compounds studied independently. The dissolution rates of the explosive compounds in various nonbound mixtures were also comparable to the rates determined independently. However, the dissolution rates for explosive compounds in the formulations were generally lower than.
Modeling Virus Transport and Remobilization during Transient Partially Saturated Flow

Virus transport in porous media is affected by the water flow regime. During transient, variably saturated flow, fluctuating flow regimes can enhance virus detachment from both solid–water interfaces (SWIs) and air–water interfaces (AWIs). The objective of this study was to simulate the influence of drainage and imbibition events on the remobilization of attached viruses. Three different modeling approaches were examined. In the first approach, all attachment and detachment coefficients were assumed to be constant, but the values of the detachment coefficients were increased drastically for the duration of transient, unsaturated flow. The second and third modeling approaches involved extensions of the model of Cheng and Saiers, who assumed enhanced detachment of viruses to be proportional to the time rate of change in the water content. Their model was extended to include separate terms for virus attachment–detachment on SWIs and AWIs. In our second approach, we assumed kinetic sorption onto the AWI, with the desorption rate being described as a function of temporal changes in the air content. This approach did not explicitly account for the specific air–water interfacial area. Thus, in our third approach we explicitly included the presence and variation of air–water interfaces and assumed AWI attachment–detachment to be an equilibrium sorption process. The available air–water interfacial area was assumed to be a function of fluid saturation. The models were used to simulate a series of saturated–unsaturated virus transport experiments reported in the literature for conditions of both drainage and imbibition. The most promising results were obtained with the third approach, which explicitly accounts for adsorption to air–water interfaces and assumes equilibrium sorption on the available air–water interfacial area.