Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mining Frequent Itemsets over Uncertain Databases

In recent years, due to the wide applications of uncertain data, mining frequent itemsets over uncertain databases has attracted much attention. In uncertain databases, the support of an itemset is a random variable instead of a fixed occurrence counting of this itemset. Thus, unlike the corresponding problem in deterministic databases where the frequent itemset has a unique definition, the frequent itemset under uncertain environments has two different definitions so far. The first definition, referred as the expected support-based frequent itemset, employs the expectation of the support of an itemset to measure whether this itemset is frequent. The second definition, referred as the probabilistic frequent itemset, uses the probability of the support of an itemset to measure its frequency. Thus, existing work on mining frequent itemsets over uncertain databases is divided into two different groups and no study is conducted to comprehensively compare the two different definitions. In addition, since no uniform experimental platform exists, current solutions for the same definition even generate inconsistent results. In this paper, we firstly aim to clarify the relationship between the two different definitions. Through extensive experiments, we verify that the two definitions have a tight connection and can be unified together when the size of data is large enough. Secondly, we provide baseline implementations of eight existing representative algorithms and test their performances with uniform measures fairly. Finally, according to the fair tests over many different benchmark data sets, we clarify several existing inconsistent conclusions and discuss some new findings.
Three‐dimensional on‐line reconstruction of coronary bifurcated lesions to optimize side‐branch stenting

Treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions is technically challenging. Following advances in stent design, various methods of stent placement in bifurcation lesions (‘‘T,’’ ‘‘Y,’’ ‘‘V,’’ and ‘‘Culotte’’) have been described in the literature, with individual centers reporting satisfactory technical results. However, restenosis rates as high as 60% continue to be reported [1]. Recently, antiproliferative coating of coronary stents has proven to significantly reduce the amount of restenosis found in bifurcation lesions [2]. Of note, in this study, the majority of restenosis occurred at the ostium of the side branch following T-stenting. It was therefore hypothesized that these restenoses might result from inadequate or incomplete coverage of the ostium of the side branch, thereby reducing the efficacy of the drugeluting stent. To date, the most effective strategy to percutaneous therapy of bifurcation lesions needs to be carefully evaluated in randomized studies. Such randomized studies must take into account baseline anatomical differences (e.g., vessel size and bifurcation angle) of bifurcation lesions to individually determine the best strategy for a given bifurcation lesion. Therefore, tools to optimize treatment strategy and stent placement are highly desirable. The present report describes a new software that allows three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of coronary bifurcation lesions and the individually related quantitative data.
Mastery motivation: a way of understanding therapy outcomes for children with unilateral cerebral palsy

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the impact of mastery motivation on occupational performance outcomes immediately following upper limb (UL) training and 6 months post-intervention for school-aged children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Method: This prediction study was a post-hoc analysis of a matched pairs randomized comparison trial (COMBiT Trial Registration: ACTRN12613000181707). The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was administered at baseline, 13 and 26 weeks post-intervention. Parents completed the Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire (DMQ), Parenting Scale and a demographic questionnaire. Children’s UL capacity and performance was assessed using the Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral UL Function and assisting hand assessment (AHA). Regression models were fitted using generalized estimating equations to baseline, 13 and 26 week measurements. Results: Forty-six children (7.78 years SD 2.27 years, 31 males, Manual Ability Classification System I = 23, II = 23) participated. Higher levels of bimanual performance (AHA: β = 0.03, p < 0.001), greater object-oriented persistence (DMQ: β = 0.31, p = 0.05), and treatment group allocation (Standard Care: β = 0.24, p = 0.01) were positively associated with COPM performance scores post-intervention. Conclusions: Children’s bimanual performance and persistence with object-oriented tasks significantly impact occupational performance outcomes following UL training. Predetermining children’s mastery motivation along with bimanual ability may assist in tailoring of intervention strategies and models of service delivery to improve effectiveness. Implications for Rehabilitation Children’s object persistence and bimanual performance both impact upper limb training outcomes Working with children’s motivational predispositions may optimize engagement and therapy outcomes. Supporting positive parenting styles may enhance a child’s mastery motivation and persistence with difficult tasks.
Stress and hormones

In the modern environment one is exposed to various stressful conditions. Stress can lead to changes in the serum level of many hormones including glucocorticoids, catecholamines, growth hormone and prolactin. Some of these changes are necessary for the fight or flight response to protect oneself. Some of these stressful responses can lead to endocrine disorders like Graves' disease, gonadal dysfunction, psychosexual dwarfism and obesity. Stress can also alter the clinical status of many preexisting endocrine disorders such as precipitation of adrenal crisis and thyroid storm.
Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry with Almost Perfect Charge Accuracy.

Charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) is a single-particle technique where the masses of individual ions are determined from simultaneous measurement of each ion's mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and charge. CDMS has many desirable features: it has no upper mass limit, no mass discrimination, and it can analyze complex mixtures. However, the charge is measured directly, and the poor accuracy of the charge measurement has severely limited the mass resolution achievable with CDMS. Since the charge is quantized, it needs to be measured with sufficient accuracy to assign each ion to its correct charge state. This goal has now been largely achieved. By reducing the pressure to extend the trapping time and by implementing a novel analysis method that improves the signal-to-noise ratio and compensates for imperfections in the charge measurement, the uncertainty has been reduced to less than 0.20 e rmsd (root-mean-square deviation). With this unprecedented precision peaks due to different charge states are resolved in the charge spectrum. Further improvement can be achieved by quantizing the charge (rounding the measured charge to the nearest integer) and culling ions with measured charges midway between the integral values. After ions with charges more than one standard deviation from the mean are culled, the fraction of ions assigned to the wrong charge state is estimated to be 6.4 × 10(-5) (i.e., less than 1 in 15 000). Since almost all remaining ions are assigned to their correct charge state, the uncertainty in the mass is now almost entirely limited by the uncertainty in the m/z measurement.
Reconstruction of Active Regular Motion in Amoeba Extract: Dynamic Cooperation between Sol and Gel States

Amoeboid locomotion is one of the typical modes of biological cell migration. Cytoplasmic sol–gel conversion of an actomyosin system is thought to play an important role in locomotion. However, the mechanisms underlying sol–gel conversion, including trigger, signal, and regulating factors, remain unclear. We developed a novel model system in which an actomyosin fraction moves like an amoeba in a cytoplasmic extract. Rheological study of this model system revealed that the actomyosin fraction exhibits shear banding: the sol–gel state of actomyosin can be regulated by shear rate or mechanical force. Furthermore, study of the living cell indicated that the shear-banding property also causes sol–gel conversion with the same order of magnitude as that of shear rate. Our results suggest that the inherent sol–gel transition property plays an essential role in the self-regulation of autonomous translational motion in amoeba.
A Low-Complexity Soft-Output wMD Decoding for Uplink MIMO Systems with One-Bit ADCs

This paper considers an uplink multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system with one-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), in which $K$ users with a single transmit antenna communicate with one base station (BS) with $N_{\rm r}$ receive antennas. In this system, a novel MU-MIMO detection method, named weighted minimum distance (wMD) decoding, was recently proposed by introducing an equivalent coding problem. Despite of its attractive performance, the wMD decoding has the two limitations to be used in practice: i) the hard-decision outputs can degrade the performance of a channel code; ii) the computational complexity grows exponentially with the $K$. To address those problems, we first present a soft-output wMD decoding that efficiently computes soft metrics (i.e., log-likelihood ratios) from one-bit quantized observations. We then construct a low-complexity (soft-output) wMD decoding by introducing {\em hierarchical code partitioning}. This method can be regarded as a sphere decoding in Hamming space, in that a search-spare is considerably reduced. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed method significantly performs the state-of-the-art methods with a comparable complexity.
Analytic Rasterization of Curves with Polynomial Filters

We present a method of analytically rasterizing shapes that have curved boundaries and linear color gradients using piecewise polynomial prefilters. By transforming the convolution of filters with the image from an integral over area into a boundary integral, we find closed‐form expressions for rasterizing shapes. We show that a polynomial expression can be used to rasterize any combination of polynomial curves and filters. Our rasterizer also handles rational quadratic boundaries, which allows us to evaluate circles and ellipses. We apply our technique to rasterizing vector graphics and show that our derivation gives an efficient implementation as a scanline rasterizer.
Improved AMP (IAMP) for non-ideal measurement matrices

This paper studies the sparse recovery problem. Of particular interest is the well known approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm. AMP enjoys low computational complexity and good performance guarantees. However, the algorithm and performance analysis heavily rely on the assumption that the measurement matrix is a standard Gaussian random matrix. The main contribution of this paper is an improved AMP (IAMP) algorithm that works better for non-ideal measurement matrices. The algorithm is equivalent to AMP for standard Gaussian random matrices but provides better recovery when the correlations between columns of the measurement matrix deviate from those of the standard Gaussian random matrices. The derivation is based on a modification of the message passing mechanism that removes the conditional independence assumption. Examples are provided to demonstrate the performance improvement of IAMP where both a particularly designed matrix and a matrix from real applications are used.
Prediction of the alveolar bone level after the extraction of maxillary anterior teeth with severe periodontitis

Purpose After extraction, the alveolar bone tends to undergo atrophy in three-dimensions. The amount of alveolar bone loss in the horizontal dimension has been reported to be greater than the amount of bone loss in the vertical dimension, and is most pronounced in the buccal aspect. The aim of this study was to monitor the predictive alveolar bone level following the extraction of anterior teeth seriously involved with advanced chronic periodontitis. Methods This study included 25 patients with advanced chronic periodontitis, whose maxillary anterior teeth had been extracted due to extensive attachment loss more than one year before the study. Periapical radiographs were analyzed to assess the vertical level of alveolar bone surrounding the edentulous area. An imaginary line connecting the mesial and the distal ends of the alveolar crest facing the adjacent tooth was arbitrarily created. Several representative coordinates were established in the horizontal direction, and the vertical distance from the imaginary line to the alveolar crest was measured at each coordinate for each patient using image analysis software. Regression functions predicting the vertical level of the alveolar bone in the maxillary anterior edentulous area were identified for each patient. Results The regression functions demonstrated a tendency to converge to parabolic shapes. The predicted maximum distance between the imaginary line and the alveolar bone calculated using the regression function was 1.43±0.65 mm. No significant differences were found between the expected and actual maximum distances. Likewise, the predicted and actual maximum horizontal distances did not show any significant differences. The distance from the alveolar bone crest to the imaginary lines was not influenced by the mesio-distal spans of the edentulous area. Conclusions After extraction, the vertical level of the alveolar ridge increased to become closer to the reference line connecting the mesial and distal alveolar crests.
Cultural Transmission Between and Within Generations

We describe some simulations that compare cultural transmission between and within generations (inter-generational vs intra-generational transmission) in populations of embodied agents controlled by neural networks. Our results suggest that intra-generational transmission has the role of adding variability to the evolutionary process and that this function seems particularly useful when the population lives in a rapidly changing environment. Adaptation to environmental change is slower if cultural transmission is purely inter-generational while it is faster if a certain amount of intra-generational cultural transmission makes it possible to remove earlier and no longer suitable behaviors, facilitating the emergence of new and more appropriate ones.
Multiple symbol differential detection for differential cyclic delay diversity system in slow frequency selective fading channel

The paper details the implementation of multiple-symbols differential detection (MSDD) to differential cyclic delay diversity (DCDD) system. It is suggested that MSDD offers a better performance compared to normal differential detection. The implementation incorporates the modification of standard DCDD receiver to accommodate MSDD technique. Investigations were carried out involving comparison of performance between DCDD and MSDD-DCDD. It was found that there is a marginal improvement of 0.5 dB in MSDD-DCDD compared to normal DCDD. A thorough analysis on the detection algorithm is described in this paper which results in generic detection algorithm for any number of observation symbols. In addition, the impact of cyclic delays is also investigated.
Attenuation of Ischemic Brain EDEMA and Cerebrovascular Injury after Ischemic Preconditioning in the Rat

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) induces neuroprotection to subsequent severe ischemia, but its effect on the cerebrovasculature has not been studied extensively. This study evaluated the effects of IPC on brain edema formation and endothelial cell damage that follows subsequent permanent focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Transient (15 minute) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used for IPC. Three days after IPC or a sham operation, permanent MCAO was induced. Twenty-four hours after permanent MCAO, neurologic deficit, infarction volume, and water and ion content were evaluated. Six hours post-ischemia, blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability was examined using [3H]-inulin. Water, ion contents, and BBB permeability were assessed in three zones (core, intermediate, and outer) depending on their relation to the MCA territory. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was also examined as a potential marker of vascular injury. The model of IPC significantly reduced brain infarction and neurologic deficit. Compared with a sham operation, IPC also significantly attenuated brain edema formation in the intermediate (sham and IPC water contents: 5.99 ± 0.65 vs. 4.99 ± 0.81 g/g dry weight; P < 0.01) and outer zones (5.02 ± 0.48 vs. 4.37 ± 0.42 g/g dry weight; P < 0.01) of the ipsilateral hemisphere but not in the core zone. Blood–brain barrier disruption assessed by [3H]-inulin was significantly attenuated in the IPC group and the number of blood vessels that displayed HSP70 immunoreactivity was also reduced. Thus, IPC significantly attenuates ischemic brain edema formation, BBB disruption, and, as assessed by HSP70, vascular injury. Understanding the mechanisms involved in IPC may provide insight into methods for preserving cerebrovascular function during ischemia.
Understanding changes in the water budget driven by climate change in cryospheric‐dominated watershed of the northeast Tibetan Plateau, China

Glacial retreat and the thawing of permafrost due to climate warming have altered the hydrological cycle in cryospheric‐dominated watersheds. In this study, we analysed the impacts of climate change on the water budget for the upstream of the Shule River Basin on the northeast Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that temperature and precipitation increased significantly during 1957–2010 in the study area. The hydrological cycle in the study area has intensified and accelerated under recent climate change. The average increasing rate of discharge in the upstream of the Shule River Basin was 7.9 × 106 m3/year during 1957–2010. As the mean annual glacier mass balance lost −62.4 mm/year, the impact of glacier discharge on river flow has increased, especially after the 2000s. The contribution of glacier melt to discharge was approximately 187.99 × 108 m3 or 33.4% of the total discharge over the study period. The results suggested that the impact of warming overcome the effect of precipitation increase on run‐off increase during the study period. The evapotranspiration (ET) increased during 1957–2010 with a rate of 13.4 mm/10 years. On the basis of water balance and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and the Global Land Data Assimilation System data, the total water storage change showed a decreasing trend, whereas groundwater increased dramatically after 2006. As permafrost has degraded under climate warming, surface water can infiltrate deep into the ground, thus changing both the watershed storage and the mechanisms of discharge generation. Both the change in terrestrial water storage and changes in groundwater have had a strong control on surface discharge in the upstream of the Shule River Basin. Future trends in run‐off are forecasted based on climate scenarios. It is suggested that the impact of warming will overcome the effect of precipitation increase on run‐off in the study area. Further studies such as this will improve understanding of water balance in cold high‐elevation regions.
Spectral efficiency evaluation for selection combining diversity (SCD) scheme over slow fading

In this paper we derive closed-form expressions for the single-user capacity of selection combining diversity (SCD) system, taking into account the effect of imperfect channel estimation at the receiver. The channel considered is a slowly varying spatially independent flat Rayleigh fading channel. The complex channel estimate and the actual channel are modelled as jointly Gaussian random variables with a correlation that depends on the estimation quality. Three adaptive transmission schemes are analysed: 1) optimal power and rate adaptation opra; 2) constant power with optimal rate adaptation ora; and 3) channel inversion with fixed rate cifr. Furthermore, we derive in this paper analytical results for capacity statistics including moment generating function (MGF), complementary cumulative distribution function (CDF) and probability density function (PDF). These statistics are valid for arbitrary number of receive antennas. Our numerical results show the effect of Gaussian channel estimation error on the achievable spectral efficiency.
An adaptive and multi-service routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are highly distributed networks consisting of a large number of tiny, low-cost, light-weight wireless nodes deployed to monitor an environment or a system. Each node in a WSN consists of three subsystems: the sensor subsystem which senses the environment, the processing subsystem which performs local computations on the sensed data, and the communication subsystem which is responsible for message exchange with neighboring sensor nodes. While an individual sensor node has limited sensing region, processing power, and energy, networking a large number of sensor nodes give rise to a robust, reliable, and accurate sensor network covering a wide region. Thus, routing in WSNs is a very important issue. This paper presents a query-based routing protocol for a WSN that provides different levels of Quality of Service (QoS): energy-efficiency, reliability, low latency and fault-tolerance-under different application scenarios. The algorithm has low computational complexity but can dynamically guarantee different QoS support depending on the requirement of the applications. The novelty of the proposed algorithm is its ability to provide multiple QoS support without reconfiguration and redeployment of the sensor nodes. The algorithm is implemented in network simulator ns-2 and its performance has been evaluated. The results show that the algorithm is more efficient than some of the currently existing routing algorithms for WSNs.
Generation of High Mountain Precipitation and Temperature Data for a Quantitative Assessment of Flow Regime in the Upper Yarkant Basin in the Karakoram

Improved daily precipitation and temperature data at 5 × 5‐km grids for 1960–2015 were developed for the Upper Yarkant basin (UYB) based on observations of precipitation gradients and temperature lapse rates. The developed climate data are then used to drive the VIC‐Glacier hydrological model to simulate the runoff process for the UYB. A large altitudinal dependence is observed in both precipitation and temperature, with three altitudinal patterns of precipitation gradient for the elevation bands of <2,000 m, 2,000–3,000 m, and >3,000 m, respectively, and a strong seasonal variation in temperature lapse rate ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 °C/100 m. Basin precipitation and temperature data are greatly improved in both amount and spatial variations after the orographic adjustments. Glacier melt runoff is the dominant water source of the UYB accounting for about 52% of annual total flows, followed by snowmelt (about 26%), and rainfall runoff (about 22%). About 60% of basin runoff originates from the high altitudes (>5,000 m), and about 32% and 8% of runoff originate from middle (4,000–5,000 m) and low (<4,000 m) altitudes, respectively. The variations in annual runoff in the UYB were mainly controlled by glacier melt runoff, middle and high altitudes, and temperature in warm seasons during 1965–2015. However, rainfall and snowmelt runoff, and low altitudes, were playing an increasingly important role in total flow variations of the UYB due to the increase of warm season temperatures in 1994–2015 and precipitation in the entire simulation period.