Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROMISE: Promoting Youth Involvement and Social Engagement: Opportunities and challenges for conflicted young people across Europe

In the era of ‘prolonged youth’, young motherhood is subject to many contradictory discourses. While the trend of increasing mean ages of first-time mothers has given rise to societal worries, becoming a mother at an early age is associated in public discussions with many risks and concerns. The case study Young motherhood in multicultural Finland studied how young(ish) mothers themselves see young motherhood and how they position themselves as mothers and as young women. While the research participants – 18–25-year-old young women, pregnant or mothers of 1–2 children – share a life situation, they neither form a uniform group nor share a self-identity as ‘young mothers’. What is shared, instead, is a self-identity of a competent, caring mother; and to claim this position, many emphasise their maturity and adult role. The participants’ life situations, with accumulated gendered care responsibilities served to narrow their possibilities – and partly even their desire – for social activities outside of their homes. Yet, the case study shows how important it is that the ideas of citizenship and social participation are not understood only as activities taking place outside of the private domestic sphere. While the participants claimed also other identifications besides that of a parent (e.g. that of a young woman, a spouse, a friend, a student, and a worker), their activities in the domestic sphere were, in this life situation, an inseparable part of how they saw themselves as citizens and the kind of contribution to society they wished to make.
Novel chemical weapon of an exotic macroalga inhibits recruitment of native competitors in the invaded range

Allelopathy is an important non‐resource interaction in terrestrial plant communities that may affect invasions by non‐indigenous plants. The ‘novel weapons hypothesis’ (NWH) predicts that non‐indigenous plants will become invasive if they have allelopathic compounds that assemblages in the new range are not adapted to. Recently, the non‐indigenous, chemically rich macroalga Bonnemaisonia hamifera (Hariot) has become one of the most abundant filamentous red algae in Scandinavian waters. We used B. hamifera to specifically test the aspect of the NWH that concerns invasion success based on novel allelochemicals in the invaded range. Allelopathic interactions were tested through effects on the growth rate of adult native macroalgae in co‐cultures with B. hamifera and through the settlement success of native macroalgal propagules and microalgae on surfaces coated with 1,1,3,3‐tetrabromo‐2‐heptanone. We also investigated whether 1,1,3,3‐tetrabromo‐2‐heptanone can be transferred from B. hamifera to its native host algae, as a means of pre‐emptive competition. The settlement of native macroalgal propagules and microalgae was strongly inhibited on surfaces coated with 1,1,3,3‐tetrabromo‐2‐heptanone at ecologically relevant concentrations, but there were no effects of adult B. hamifera on growth rates of adults of the six native naturally co‐occurring species. The compound was shown to be transferred from B. hamifera to the surface of its native host algae at inhibitory concentrations in both laboratory and field experiments. By inhibiting the settlement of propagules on its thallus and on surrounding surfaces, B. hamifera achieves a competitive advantage over native macroalgae, a finding that parallels previous reports on soil‐ and litter‐mediated allelopathic interactions among vascular plants. Because competition for available substrata in marine benthic systems is intense, the ability to reserve space may be vital for B. hamifera's successful invasion. This is the first example of an allelopathic compound that can be transferred by direct contact from an exotic to a native species, with an active and unaltered function. Synthesis. Our results clearly show that the main secondary metabolite of the invasive red alga B. hamifera has strong allelopathic effects towards native competitors, suggesting that its novel chemical weapon is important for the highly successful invasion of new ranges.
Effect of Thermoperiod on Diapause Induction of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera-Noctuidae)

Abstract We have been studying the factors that control larval diapause of Sesamia nonagrioides (Levebvre), a multivolitine pest of corn, Zea mays L. , in the Mediterranean. The effect of various combinations of photoperiod and temperature on the induction of larval diapause of S. nonagrioides was examined. Short daylengths (8–12 h) were the main factor inducing diapause in this species, whereas high temperatures could avert the effect of the photoperiodic signal. Daily temperature cycles with different amplitudes (differences between the thermophase [high phase] and cryophase [low phase] temperatures), could induce diapause under a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h when the cryophase coincided with the scotophase (dark period). In contrast, short daylengths had no effect on diapause when the thermophase coincided with the scotophase. Moreover, greater differences between the high and the low temperatures of the thermoperiod led to a higher incidence of diapause. Diapause also occurred under 24-h thermoperiods at constant darkness; the incidence of diapause correlated with the duration of the cryophase. The thermoperiodic response curve of diapause under constant darkness was analogous to that of the photoperiodic response of a type I, or long-day insect. The cryophase of the thermoperiod must be <17.5°C to obtain a high incidence of diapause. Consequently, it appeared that a thermoperiodic threshold during the cryophase was demonstrated. Hence, both the duration and the temperature of the cryophase of the thermoperiod were important factors controlling the diapause response. The ecological implications of this behavior are discussed.
Using pre-classification to improve the accuracy of species-specific forest attribute estimates from airborne laser scanner data and aerial images

The aim of this study was to examine whether pre-classification (stratification) of training data according to main tree species and stand development stage could improve the accuracy of species-specific forest attribute estimates compared to estimates without stratification using k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) imputations. The study included training data of 509 training plots and 80 validation plots from a conifer forest area in southeastern Norway. The results showed that stratification carried out by interpretation of aerial images did not improve the accuracy of the species-specific estimates due to stratification errors. The training data can of course be correctly stratified using field observations, but in the application phase the stratification entirely relies on auxiliary information with complete coverage over the entire area of interest which cannot be corrected. We therefore tried to improve the stratification using canopy height information from airborne laser scanning to discriminate between young and mature stands. The results showed that this approach slightly improved the accuracy of the k-NN predictions, especially for the main tree species (2.6% for spruce volume). Furthermore, if metrics from aerial images were used to discriminate between pine and spruce dominance in the mature plots, the accuracy of volume of pine was improved by 73.2% in pine-dominated stands while for spruce an adverse effect of 12.6% was observed.
Bias in purchase decisions: correlation between expectations and procrastination in high and low involvement products

This paper examines the presence and implications of expectation formation on purchase decisions for high and low involvement products. The survey highlights the presence of expectations characterized by the identification of an ideal prototype and a consequent phenomenon of procrastination of the purchase if the desired prototype is not present among the available alternatives. Procrastination is interpreted as a manifestation of consumer dissatisfaction. The results of the study show that the correlation between expectations and procrastination of purchase is present only for high involvement products and not for low involvement products. The difference in behaviour between high and low involvement products is interpreted as an inherent bias in the purchase decision.
The Impact of Teaching English Literature on EFL Sudanese Secondary School Students A Case Study of Al- Gadida Secondary School for Girls in Kosti Municipality at the White Nile State

The present study aims to investigate the impact of teaching English literature on secondary schools in improving the students standards in English language. The study is carried in Kosti Municipality at the White Nile State. The data were obtained by two instruments; a questionnaire for teachers and a test for students. The test was given to two classes from the second level in Kosti AlGadida secondary school for girls and their number is (80) students for the academic year (2016/2017), while (30) English language teachers from secondary schools in Kosti Municipality responded to the questionnaire. From among them (20) were males and (10) were females. The researchers adopted the descriptive analytical and the experimental methods so as to show the impact of teaching literature in enhancing the standards of secondary school students in English language and in developing reading and writing skills. The data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The basic hypothesis was that teaching literature in secondary schools helps in developing the students' standards in English language. The results of the study confirmed that teaching English literature in secondary schools leads to the development of students' standards in English language. Also it enhances their mastering of both reading and writing skills. Thus, the study recommends that teaching English literature should be started from the basic stage. It is also recommended that students of secondary schools should be encouraged to read English literature inside and outside classrooms. Moreover, literature books should be available in all libraries of secondary schools.
FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP

Soil structural stability is the measure of the ability of the soil structural units to resist change or the extent to which they remain intact when mechanically stressed by environmental or other factors. This seminar paper is prepared to review about structural stability, factors affecting it and several management practices to maintain a good structural condition. This seminar paper is exclusively a review paper so all the data were collected from secondary sources like books, journals, proceedings, reports, publications etc. It has seen that structural stability is one of the most important factors of soil resistance against degradation which acts as a useful indicator of the suitability of the soil structural condition for favorable crop production. Various factors like climate change, presence of organic matter, tillage and fertilization, type of vegetation and landscape, plants, roots and residues, soil organisms, adsorbed cations etc. can affect soil structural stability. These can modify soil functions like bulk density, porosity, consistence etc. Different management practices such as proper tillage, addition of organic matter, crop rotation, biochar application, vegetation restoration etc. can play a major role in maintaining soil structural stability.
HARVEST: Situational Visual Analytics for the Masses

We present an intelligent visual analytic system called HARVEST (High-bandwidth Analytics via Responsive Visual Exploration, Summarization, and Tracking). HARVEST is designed to empower everyday business users to derive insight from large amounts of data. It combines three key technologies to support a complex, exploratory visual analytic process without requiring users to be visualization or computer experts. First, HARVEST employs a set of smart visual analytic widgets that can be easily reused across applications and support incremental visual updates required by a continuous visual analytic process. Second, it has a visualization recommendation engine that dynamically suggests suitable visual analytic widgets to users in context. Third, it supports the semantics-based capture of user visual analytic activity for the reuse and sharing of insight provenance. We have utilized HARVEST to help users perform realistic business tasks and our preliminary study shows its promise in comparison with a well-known visualization system.
Temporal variability in the impact of river regulation on thermal regime and some biological implications

SUMMARY 1 Ten years of hourly water temperature data for three river sites in south-west England were used to investigate the longer-term thermal effects of river regulation. The impact of reservoir impoundment on downstream invertebrate and trout development were simulated using daily mean temperature data in conjunction with published biological models. 2 The main effects of regulation on water temperature were to increase the mean value, eliminate freezing conditions, depress summer maxima, delay the annual cycle and reduce diel fluctuation. These impacts persisted over a distance of at least 5km below the dam but declined downstream, especially for seasonal and diurnal variations. 3 Simulations suggested that regulation is likely to have had a greater impact on the development of brown trout (Salmo trutta) than on the development of one Ephemeroptera and four Plecoptera species. Trout fry were predicted to emerge up to 57 days earlier, and to weigh up to 67% more by the end of the year following swim-up, in the regulated compared with the unregulated river. 4 Marked inter-annual contrasts in the physical and biological consequences of impoundment were evident, indicating that long-term studies are required to define properly the effects of river regulation.
MammoAPPS: Digital Mammogram Mobile Application for Diagnosing Breast Cancer and Retrieval Reports for Decision Making to Medical Experts

— The objective of the paper is to make a background study and develop a framework on computer aided diagnosis in mammogram dataset to deploy it in smartphone and make it convenient for the users. The possibilities of radiology departments to modify the radiological service process in a regional, international and mobile setting were plan to investigate in the research to build mobile application and deploy it in the android and IOS platform. The main idea of the research is to use smartphone and communicate for MRI scans in a feasibility study of sample patient cases in the domain of breast cancer. All transmitted image series were suitable for giving a preliminary consultation to the clinic, and final report is retrieved for expert decision. The working concept of CAD mammogram prototype was implemented in matlab and validated, research method applied was on best case classifier is to classify the mass tumour in MRI mammogram image, and implemented work of acquisition, pre-processing, segmentation feature extraction and classification will be deployed in mobile platform. Therefore paper highlights the research background, objectives, research methods and framework for the mobile deployment.
Clonal plants as cooperative systems: benefits in heterogeneous environments

All natural environments are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Consequently, their ability to provide essential resources for the growth of plants is variable. Modular plant species produce repeated basic structures which, in the case of clonal species, are called ramets. Ramets belonging to the same clone are distributed throughout the environment in space and time, and therefore they may be located in sites which differ in resource-providing quality. The connections between ramets may allow resources to be shared, enabling the clone to behave as a cooperative system. As a result of such physiological integration, ramets can survive in conditions where there is lethal shortage of a resource because they are connected to, and supported by, ramets located in conditions where there is ample supply of the same resource. Physiological integration between connected ramets presents opportunities for heterogeneous environments to be exploited to an extent that is only just becoming apparent. As heterogeneity is ubiquitous in natural environments, it may be expected that plants, as relatively immobile organisms, will have evolved the capacity to cope with it by making appropriate localized morphological and/or physiological plastic responses. Recent studies suggest that such responses not only enable clonal species to cope with environmental heterogeneity, but that under some circumstances they can benefit more from environments which are heterogeneous rather than homogeneous, even when both types of environment contain the same amount of resources. Studies on Glechoma hederacea (Lamiaceae) that illustrate this phenomenon are described.
Empirics of Agricultural Production: Comparison of Instrumental Variable and Two Stage Least Square Approach

The study uses data for a set of 81 countries from World Development Indicators from year 2002 to 2015 while applied 2SLS and Instrumental variable approach to estimate the coefficients associated with standard production function of agricultural production and compares its results with the coefficients obtained through OLS. The argument behind this approach that in the standard form, capital is likely to be endogenous in the production function and if it is true, the coefficients obtained through OLS would be inconsistent. Capital is found to be endogenous in the study. It is also noticed as endogeneity exist in our framework and the causal relationships can be controlled through instrumental variable approach (I.V.). The coefficients from I.V approach and 2SLS are compared with OLS estimates. I.V and 2SLS coefficients are found to be slightly different however, the obtained coefficients through both approaches are more reliable than the coefficients obtained through OLS. It is suggested therefore that the approaches like I.V approach and 2SLS should be employed in the studies pertaining to this area of research.
Use of Effective Brainstorming Technique on Standard Seven Learners’ Achievement in English Composition Writing In Public Primary Schools in Kisumu County, Kenya

Adaptation of brain storming technique to teach standard seven learners in English composition writing offers the learners an opportunity to work well together with behaviour, collaboration and communication well natured . The objective was to determine the influence of whole class technique on learners’ achievement in composition writing skills in public primary schools in Kisumu County. The piagets theory 1967 was used to determine brain storming, technique on standard seven learners achievement in English composition writing skills. Non-equivalent control group with pre and post –test groups research design was adopted. The sample size of 292 was drawn from 6 teachers of English, 6 head teachers and standard seven pupils in public schools. Data was collected via questionnaire, observation schedules and check lists. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics.The findings indicated that brain writing strategy is moderately used (m= 3.40 SD of 1.269), pie storm teaching technique is highly used (m= 3.733 and SD of 1.796), and brain wave and brain writing strategy relatively contribute to learners’ composition writing skills The computed z values for brainstorming technique elements revealed a z-statistic value higher than the zCritical value and P-value less than 0.05. Thus, the study rejected the entire five Null hypotheses as there was a statistically significant relationship between: individual group technique, whole class technique, small group technique, round robin technique and relay technique; and learners’ achievement in composition writing skills in public primary schools in Kisumu County. For policy makers and implementers, ministry of Education and Kenya National Examination Council, should address the use of inquiring-based learning in order to provoke critical-thinking in learners as the new (CBC) gets rooted to curb the negative attitude of embracing change of teaching for life and not for exams . For theory similar studies should be carried out using inferential statistics, especially multiple regression analysis to assess how the individual strategies of brainstorming teaching technique contribute to overall learners’ learning achievements. Other researches can use the Humanist child development theory to cater for the concerns of a paradigm shift to the thinking about holistic development of the learners.
Corruption as a Source of Failure of Good Governance and Management in Pakistan: Proposed Remedial Measures

Corruption and good governance are antagonistic forces which actively operate in any developed or underdeveloped country. While corruption spreads with leaps and bounds, good governance is to be built brick by brick. Relative strength of corruption and good governance determines the state of success or failure of the government to achieve development objectives within a welfare state. Corruption flourishes when the government of a country fails to strengthen the measures of good governance on a regular basis. Periodic attempts of defensive nature against corruption do not produce the desired results of social welfare. In order to introduce a strategically sound system of good governance it is necessary to examine the meaning and methods of corruption which threatens the existence of good governance.
The epidemiology of Giardia intestinalis assemblages A and B among Egyptian children with diarrhea: A PCR-RFLP-based approach

Background The protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis is a common childhood infection in developing countries that causes diarrheal illness. The majority of G. intestinalis isolates from humans are grouped into two distinct genetic assemblages A and B. The molecular epidemiological studies on G. intestinalis assemblages in humans are limited in Egypt. Objective This study was conducted to estimate the detection rate of G. intestinalis infection among a cohort of children suffering from diarrhea in the Dakahalia governorate, Egypt, and to correlate between clinical giardiasis and Giardia spp. assemblages in positive stool samples by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Participants and methods A total of 311 diarrheal stool samples were examined microscopically for Giardia spp. infection. DNA samples were isolated from the stools of 103 (33.12%) positive samples with G. intestinalis, amplified with PCR, and digested with the XhoI enzyme for RFLP. Results Of the 103 samples, 64 (62.14%) were found to be assemblage B, whereas 32 samples (31.07%) belonged to assemblage A. Mixed genotype A and B was present in three samples (2.91%), and four samples (3.88%) were of undetermined Giardia spp. assemblage. The detection rate of assemblage B was higher in samples from children with persistent diarrhea, whereas assemblage A detection rate was higher in samples from acute diarrhea. Conclusion G. intestinalis causing diarrhea in children in the Dakahalia governorate, Egypt, predominantly belongs to assemblage B, indicating that human-to-human method of infection is more common than zoonotic method.