Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Timing of Cave Emergence and Return in the Dawn Bat (Eonycteris spelaea, Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Southern Thailand

The time of emergence of bats from their roosts at dusk and their return was originally described as a circadian rhythm entrained by the time of sunset and sunrise (Erkert 1978). Later, various environmental factors such as ambient light conditions, weather (Frick et al. 2012) and moonlight (Elangovan and Marimuthu 2001; Thies et al. 2006) were considered to influence bat activity. Bats emerging before dark or during bright moonlight in­ creases their risk of predation by raptorial birds and they avoid such situations (Welbergen 2006). However insecti­ vorous bats often risk predation to increase foraging opportunities when their prey is available in abundance at dusk (Jones and Rydell 1994; Rydell et al. 1996; Duverge et al. 2000). Besides environmental factors, foraging efforts differ between male and female mammals according to the energetic requirements of reproduction (Bronson 1985). Breeding females allocate more time and energy to for­ aging to meet the energy demands of growing pups (McCracken and Wilkinson 2000; Racey and Entwistle 2000; Barclay and Harder 2003). In contrast, reproduc­ tive males spend time and energy in defending females or resources useful to them in order to achieve mating suc­ cess with multiple females (Clutton­Brock 1989). In fruit bats, roost emergence and return times of adult males often differ compared with other reproductive categories, especially during the breeding period. For example, adult males of Old World tent­making (e.g., Cynopterus sphinx) and cavity roosting fruit bats (e.g., Balionycteris maculata) spend less time away from the roost for­ aging and more time at the roost (Balasingh et al. 1995; Marimuthu et al. 1998; Hodgkison et al. 2003). Adult male Rousettus aegyptiacus and Pteropus tonganus emerge after adult females (Korine et al. 1994; Banack and Grant 2003). Similar patterns were found in neotropical fruit bats such as Artibeus jamaicensis (Morrison and Morrison 1981) and A. lituratus (Munoz­Romo et al. 2008). In Southeast Asia, Eonycteris spelaea roosts in caves and travels over tens of kilometres to access food sources (Start 1974). It is the principal pollinator of economi­ cally important crops like durian (Durio zibethinus), a leguminous canopy tree Parkia spp. and the Indian trumpet flower (Oroxylum indicum) in managed agri­ cultural habitats in southern Thailand (Bumrungsri et al. 2008, 2009; Srithongchuay et al. 2008). Eonycteris spelaea reproduces year round (Beck and Lim 1973; Bhat et al. 1980; Heideman and Utzurrum 2003). In a previous study, a capture survey at a cave entrance suggested a high proportion of mature males return during the early hours of the night (Bumrungsri et al. 2013). We investigated the emergence and return time of the dawn nectar bat, E. spelaea, using radio­telemetry to record the time of cave emergence and return by E. spelaea of known sex and reproductive status. We hy­ pothesized differential foraging durations between adult male E. spelaea and other reproductive categories.
MAFLD in COVID-19 patients: an insidious enemy

ABSTRACT The pandemic Sars-CoV-2 infection represents a dramatic health challenge worldwide. Pneumonia is considered the major damage caused by the virus. However, recent data have highlighted the impact of the Sars-CoV-2 related disease namely COVID-19 on the liver. Hepatic abnormalities significantly increase during COVID-19 and a more severe infection occurs in patients with pre-existing liver diseases, among which the most frequent is metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). It has been described that MAFLD patients had a higher risk of progression to severe COVID-19, higher abnormal liver tests and longer viral shedding time. The presence of fibrosis in MAFLD patients is another risk factor for severity of COVID-19. Due to the overgrowing prevalence of MAFLD, it could be speculated that a large proportion of the population might be at risk of severe COVID-19 and the identification of these patients possibly by using liver enzymes as risk predictors may be crucial for an early diagnosis and for the management of the infection.
Influence of Resveratrol Against Ovariectomy Induced Bone Loss in Rats: Comparison With Conjugated Equine Estrogen Tibolone and Raloxifene

OBJECTIVE: We examined the effect of resveratrol, a phenolic compound found in the skins of most grapes, on bone loss in ovariectomized rats. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 42 young Wistar-albino rats, of which 35 animals were submitted to bilateral oophorectomy, and 7 rats were submitted to the same surgical incision but without oophorectomy were studied. The rats were assigned to six groups of 7 animals each. For 35 consecutive days the following treatments were given: Group 1, sham; group 2, ovariectomized (OVX); group 3, OVX plus resveratrol; group 4, OVX plus conjugated equine estrogen; group 5 OVX plus tibolone; group 6, OVX plus raloxifene. Immediately 40 days after the ovariectomy bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and femur by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The BMD of lumbar region (R1), total femur region (R2) and three neighbor subregions of femur (R3, R4, R5) were drawn. RESULTS: There were no significant difference between OVX and resveratrol groups for R2, R3 and R4 values. Compared with the OVX group, CEE group had lower values for R3 but similar values for R2 and R4. Raloxifene group had significantly higher value than the OVX, resveratrol, CEE and tibolone groups for R2. For R3, raloxifene had significantly higher values than in the ones in resveratrol, CEE and tibolone. For R4 region, raloxifene had significantly higher values than CEE group. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol administered to ovariectomized rats for 35 days had not a beneficial effect on the development of osteopenic skeletal changes.
HIV and risk of dementia in older veterans.

OBJECTIVE People living with HIV (PLWH) may be at increased risk for dementia as they age. Surprisingly it remains unclear whether PLWH have higher risk of developing dementia in late life compared to those without. We explored whether HIV-infection is associated with incident dementia diagnosis in older U.S. veterans accounting for potential confounders and competing risk of death. METHODS We included 1114 veterans diagnosed with HIV, ages≥55 years (mean = 62 years, SD = 6), followed in the Veterans Health Administration healthcare system from 2004 to 2015, and a propensity-matched comparison group (n = 1114) without HIV. HIV and dementia diagnoses were determined using electronic medical records. Using Fine-Gray proportional hazards models, we examined whether HIV status was associated with greater risk of incident dementia. RESULTS During follow-up (mean = 7 years, SD = 4 from date of HIV diagnosis) 5% of veteran PLWH developed dementia compared to 3% without (p = 0.01). Accounting for the competing risk of death and adjusted for demographics, substance use, education and income, PLWH remained 50% more likely to receive a dementia diagnosis (aHR = 1.50, 95% CI 0.96-2.35). Although, cART exposure was associated with increased risk of incident dementia, this was driven by differences in illness severity as captured by CD4 count. There was no evidence of a differential effect by cART class. CONCLUSION In a cohort of older US veterans, HIV infection increased risk of dementia by 50%, exposure to cART did not offset this risk. It is critical to understand the mechanisms by which HIV increases risk for developing dementia in later life.
Effects of different concentrations of coated nano Zinc oxide material on fecal bacterial composition and intestinal barrier in weaned piglets.

BACKGROUND Coated nano Zinc oxide (Cnz) is a new feed or food additive, which is a potential replacement for a pharmacological dose level of of ZnO. This study evaluated the positive effects of different concentrations of Cnz on the intestinal bacterial core, enterobacterial composition and mucosal barrier function in a pig model. RESULTS Microbiota sequencing resluts showed that Cnz could significantly alter the intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism. Besides increasing the richness indices (ACE and Chao1), 10% Cnz could protect the intestinal mucosal barrier through increasing the expression of occludin and ZO-1 in the small intestine, increased the abundance of Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, and decreased the abundance of Ruminococcus flavefaciens compared to the high ZnO diet and 5% Cnz material. CONCLUSION Coated nano ZnO material of 10% supplementation is more effective rather than the 5% material in increasing intestinal barrier through affecting gut microbiota. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Echocardiographic findings among virally suppressed HIV-infected Aging Asians compared to HIV-negative individuals.

OBJECTIVES Prevalence of cardiovascular disease increases with age. Little is known about the prevalence and risk factors for echocardiographic abnormalities among older people living with HIV(PLHIV) from Asia. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted among PLHIV aged >50 years (N=298) on ART and HIV-negative controls (N=100) frequency matched by sex and age in Thailand. METHODS All participants underwent standard two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography performed by trained cardiologists who were blinded to the participant's care and HIV status. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between cardiac abnormalities and risk factors. RESULTS The median age was 54.7 years (60.8%men) with 37.2% hypertension and 16.6% diabetes mellitus. PLHIV was on ART for a median of 16.2 years with current CD4 cell counts of 616 cell/mm. Echocardiogram abnormalities did not differ among PLHIV (55%) and the controls (60%). The major abnormalities in PLHIV were following: left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy:37%men and 42.2%women, LV systolic dysfunction (0.7%), diastolic dysfunction(24.2%), and pulmonary hypertension (3.9%). From the multivariate analyses in PLHIV, being aged > 60 years was independently associated with diastolic dysfunction while female sex and left atrial volume index (LAVI) > 34 mL/m were associated with pulmonary hypertension, p < 0.05. None of the ART were significantly associated with any major echocardiographic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS In this long term well suppressed older Asian PLHIV cohort, the prevalence of asymptomatic LV systolic dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension were relatively low while the diastolic dysfunction and LV hypertrophy were common. Echocardiographic findings did not differ between PLHIV and HIV-uninfected controls.
Prolonged Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in an Obstetric Patient With Antibody Seroconversion.

BACKGROUND There is a growing understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the general population. The unique immunology of pregnancy may result in variations from the reported course of disease. CASE A 27-year-old primigravid woman presented with mild COVID-19 symptoms at 28 2/7 weeks of gestation, testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by nasopharyngeal swab reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Antibody seroconversion was detected at 36 6/7 weeks of gestation. She presented for delivery at 38 1/7 weeks of gestation, and her SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test result was positive. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA remained detectable 34 days postpartum and 104 days from her initial positive test. CONCLUSION Prolonged viral shedding of SARS-CoV RNA may occur in the pregnant patient. If prevalent, this complicates the interpretation of a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test result in the asymptomatic gravid patient.
Momentary associations between positive affect dimensions and dysregulated eating during puberty in a diverse sample of youth with overweight/obesity.

OBJECTIVE The link between dysregulated positive affect and binge-eating behavior in youth with obesity is poorly understood. In addition, it is unclear how putative associations differ across developmental periods of rapid biological and emotional change, such as puberty, and in racial and ethnic minority youth, who are more likely to be overweight but are underrepresented in the literature. METHOD This study used a 2-week ecological momentary assessment protocol to examine independent and interactive effects of positive affect intensity/instability, and pubertal stage on two components of binge-eating behavior, loss of control eating (LOCE), and overeating. RESULTS Participants were 38 youth with overweight/obesity (ages 8-14 years; 78% African American/Hispanic). Positive affect instability was calculated using probability of acute change (PAC), representing the likelihood of extreme affective changes, and mean squared successive difference (MSSD), representing the average change in affect over successive recordings. There were no main effects of positive affect intensity on LOCE or overeating, but positive affect instability was negatively associated with overeating severity using both MSSD (p = .005) and PAC metrics (p = .001). However, moderation analyses including interactions with pubertal status revealed more extreme changes in positive affect (i.e., higher PAC) were related to greater overeating (p = .001) and LOCE severity (p = .043) in mid-late pubertal youth but not in pre-early pubertal youth. DISCUSSION Pubertal status may influence the association between disruptions in positive affect and dysregulated eating in youth, and positive affect instability may be important to consider in order to understand the emotional correlates of binge eating in youth with overweight/obesity.
Usefulness of Chlamydia serology in prediction of tubal factor infertility among infertile patients at Federal Medical Centre, Bida, North Central Nigeria

Background: Infertility is a major public health problem in developing countries where pelvic inflammatory disease due mainly to Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea infection have been implicated. The role of Chlamydia serology in predicting tubal factor infertility (TFI) has been demonstrated by many researchers elsewhere. However, there are limited data in our environment. This prospective cross-sectional study aims to determine the usefulness of Chlamydia Serology as a screening tool for TFI at Federal Medical Centre, Bida, North Central Nigeria.Methods: 125 women with infertility who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. Relevant information on their socio-demographic characteristics, gynaecological symptoms and risks factors for infertility were obtained. Participants had Hysterosalpingography (HSG) as part of their fertility work-up while 5ml of venous blood was withdrawn to check for Immunoglobulin G antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis using rapid test kits. The HSG findings were correlated with the result of Chlamydia serology. Data was analyzed using the computer software, Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. The level of significance (p value) was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 120 infertile women completed the study, 5 had incomplete investigations and were excluded from the analysis. The prevalence of TFI was 47.5%, while that of positive chlamydia serology was 36.5%. The prevalence of chlamydial seropositivity was 59.6% for patients with TFI but 15.9% for non-TFI. There was a significant association between positive chlamydia serology and TFI p< 0.05. The study revealed moderate sensitivity 59.6%, and negative predictive value 69.7% but high specificity 84.1% and positive predictive value of 77.2%. In this study the odds for diagnosing tubal infertility was 7.8. Conclusions: Chlamydia serology is useful in predicting TFI and should be incorporated in the routine work up for infertility.
The management of penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN): clinical and histological features and treatment of 345 patients and a review of the literature

Abstract Introduction Penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) is a histological term for precancerous penile lesions. PeIN is important due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with progression to penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSSC). But PeIN is rare, contributing to a limited evidence-base for the relative efficacy of available treatment options. Objectives & methods To consolidate and expand knowledge about PeIN and its treatment, we describe the clinical and histological characteristics, treatments and outcomes of 345 patients with PeIN, managed by our multidisciplinary team. Our results are compared and contrasted with those in the literature, following comprehensive review. Results 8.7% of patients had concomitant, invasive PSCC, whilst 91.3% demonstrated PeIN alone. 84% had undifferentiated PeIN, and 10.7% differentiated PeIN (5.2%, not specified). Clinical or histological evidence of HPV alone was present in 58%; features of lichen sclerosus alone in 12%; features of both in 29.4%. Only 14.4% of patients could be treated solely with topical agents or cryotherapy, whereas the remaining 85.6% underwent some form of surgical intervention, circumcision being the mainstay. Just 2.6% progressed to PSCC. Conclusions Clinical management of PeIN can be rationally optimized with excellent outcomes. Circumcision is important. Topical treatments alone are disappointing.
Advances in exercise therapy in predialysis chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by poor levels of physical activity which contribute to increased morbidity across the disease trajectory. The short nature, small samples, and poor methodology across most studies have failed to translate the role of exercise in CKD into its adoption as a frontline adjunct therapeutic option. This review focuses on recent advances surrounding the benefits of exercise interventions across the CKD spectrum. RECENT FINDINGS Key recent advances in exercise studies have focused on the efficacy of novel intervention strategies across the CKD spectrum. These include high-intensity interval training, virtual reality gaming, intradialytic yoga, electrical stimulation of muscles, blood flow restriction training, and protocols combining exercise with nutritional supplementation. Research is also beginning to explore the role of prehabilitation for patients prior to dialysis and kidney transplantation. SUMMARY Studies continue to demonstrate wide-ranging benefits of exercise across CKD; however, implementation of exercise remains scarce. Future research needs include evaluating the efficacy of larger and/or more comprehensive interventions on clinically important outcomes. It is hoped with increasing global evidence, high-quality clinical studies, and sustained clinician and patient engagement, exercise programs will become better prioritized in the nephrology field.
Evaluating Dispersal Limitation in Passive Bottomland Forest Restoration

Dispersal limitation can retard natural establishment of desirable species on restoration sites, especially where landscapes are fragmented, but dispersal limitation is assumed to become less critical with time as early colonists become reproductively mature. Distribution patterns of recruiting trees in a 20‐year‐old passively restored bottomland in northeast Louisiana suggested persistent dispersal limitation in some bottomland hardwood species and influence of dense shrub patches on colonization. To test these hypotheses, we measured seed rain as a function of distance to seed source and association with shrub cover. Seed rain of the wind‐dispersed Fraxinus pennsylvanica was highest near the forest edge, except where mature recruits occurred. Although shrub presence did not influence dispersal of F. pennsylvanica, its negative influence on probability of occurrence in the sapling layer suggests that shrub cover may limit its regeneration. The bird‐dispersed Crataegus viridis and Ilex decidua were found in the seed rain and as reproductive individuals within the field; neither had a positive relationship with shrub presence. Dispersal of heavy‐seeded Quercus spp. and Carya aquatica was limited to within 20 m of the forest edge. These results imply that dispersal limitation is diminishing in wind‐ and bird‐dispersed species with maturation of in‐field recruits and that shrub patches may influence these patterns. Heavy‐seeded species, however, remain restricted to field edges that directly abut a seed source. If canopy closure by wind‐ and bird‐dispersed species precedes dispersal of heavy‐seeded species into the field, establishment of Quercus and Carya spp. may remain low for the foreseeable future.
Egzersiz Yapan Sedanter Kadınların Fizyolojik Değişimlerinin Araştırılması

Bu calisma; orta yasli sedanter bayanlarda aerobik-step, fitnes oryantal dans, folklor ve plates calismalarinin fizyolojik etkilerinin arastirilmasi amaclanmistir. Giresun Bi-Fit spor salonuna devam eden ve aerobik-step, fitnes oryantal dans, folklor ve plates calismalarina katilan 52 orta yasli sedanter bayan calismaya alinmistir. 52 sedanter kadin 6 ay boyunca haftada 5 gun 45 dakika sureli aktiviteye alinmis ve calismalarin yogunlugu her antrenmanda deneklerin kalp atim sayisinin 130-140 atm/dk civarinda olacak sekilde ayarlanmistir. Paired Samples t-testi ile veriler karsilastirilmistir. Orta yasli bayanlarda on-test ve son-test sonucunda vucut agirliklari 79.20 kg dan 72.70 kg dusmustur. Vucut Kutle Indeksi ise on teste 29.26 kg ve son-testte 26,22 kg bulunmustur. On-test ve son-test vucut agirliginda ve Kutle indeksinde dusme anlamli bulunmustur (p<0,001). Kadinlarin vucut yag yuzdesi on-test % 36.69’dan son-testte % 30.73 degerine dusmus ve bu dusme anlamli bulunmustur (p<0,001). Kadinlarin on-test kas yogunlugu % 35.12’dan son-testte % 39.84 seviyesine ve kemik yogunlugu on testte % 7.29’dan son-test olcumunde % 9.88’e cikmistir. Kas ve kemik yogunlugundaki bu artislar anlamli bulunmustur (p<0,05). Orta yas sedanter kadinlarda aerobik, oryantal dans, folklor ve plates egzersizlerinin haftada 5 gun 45 dakika sureli yapildiginda vucut agirliginda, yag yuzdesinde dusme ile beraber kas yogunlugu ve kemik yogunlugunda artma sagladigi gorulmustur.
Assessment of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Sound Exposure Using a Smartphone Application

Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the impact of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) design and environmental factors on neonatal sound exposures. We hypothesized that monitoring with a smartphone application would identify modifiable environmental factors in different NICU design formats. Study Design Minimum, maximum, and peak decibel (dB) recordings were obtained using the Decibel X phone app, and the presence of noise sources was recorded in each patient space at three NICUs over a 6-month period (December 2017 to May 2018). Data were analyzed by Student's t-test and ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Data were collected at the University of Maryland Medical Center single family room (SFR) level IV and St. Agnes Healthcare hybrid pod/single family room level III NICU, Baltimore, MD and at Prince George's Hospital Center open-pod design Level III NICU, Cheverly, MD. Results All recordings in the three NICUs exceeded the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended <45 dB level. The maximum and peak dB were highest in the open pod format level III NICU. Conversations/music alone and combined with other factors contributed to increased sound exposure. Sound exposure varied by day/night shift, with higher day exposures at the level III hybrid and open pod NICUs and higher night exposures at the level IV SFR NICU. Conclusion Although sound exposure varied by NICU design, all recordings exceeded the AAP recommendation due, in part, to potentially modifiable environmental factors. A smartphone application may be useful for auditing NICU sound exposure in quality improvements efforts to minimize environmental sound exposure. Key Points Smartphone application was used to assess NICU sound exposure. All cases of sound exposure exceed recommendations. A smartphone application was used to identify modifiable factors.