Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pre-hatching seawater pCO2 affects development and survival of zoea stages of Arctic spider crab Hyas araneus

Sensitivity of marine crustaceans to anthropogenic CO2 emissions and the associated acidification of the oceans may be less than that of other, especially lower, invertebrates. However, effects on critical transition phases or carry-over effects between life stages have not comprehensively been explored. Here we report the impact of elevated seawater PCO2 values (3100 µatm) on Hyas araneus during the last 2 weeks of their embryonic development (pre-hatching phase) and during development while in the consecutive zoea I and zoea II larval stages (post-hatching phase). We measured oxygen consumption, dry weight, developmental time and mortality in zoea I to assess changes in performance. Feeding rates and survival under starvation were investigated at different temperatures to detect differences in thermal sensitivities of zoea I and zoea II larvae depending on pre-hatch history. When embryos were pre-exposed to elevated PCO2 during maternal care, mortality increased about 60% under continued CO2 exposure during the zoea I phase. The larvae that moulted into zoea II, displayed a developmental delay by about 20 days compared to larvae exposed to control PCO2 during embryonic and zoeal phases. Elevated PCO2 caused a reduction in zoea I dry weight and feeding rates, while survival of the starved larvae was not affected by the seawater CO2 concentration. In conclusion, CO2 effects on egg masses under maternal care carried over to the first larval stages of crustaceans and reduced their survival and development to levels below those previously reported in studies exclusively focussing on acute PCO2 effects on the larval stages.
Diabetes mellitus control in a large cohort of people with HIV in care-Washington, D.C.

ABSTRACT With more effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), people with HIV (PWH) are living longer and have more chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of DM has been estimated in PWH previously, however there is less research regarding DM control. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of DM and DM control and determine factors associated with DM control in a large urban cohort of PWH in care. We examined DC Cohort participants aged ≥18 years old to determine DM prevalence and to assess DM control (HbA1c measurement <7.0%). Demographic, clinical, and HIV-related factors associated with DM control were identified using multivariate logistic regression. The cohort of 5876 participants was predominantly male (71.3%), Non-Hispanic Black (78.1%) and had a median age of 52.0 years. DM prevalence was 17.4% (1023/5876). Among participants with recent HbA1c data available (39.9%) the proportion with DM control was 60.0% (245/408). In multivariate analysis, higher BMI (aOR: 0.47; 95% CI 0.28, 0.79) and use of non-insulin DM medication (aOR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25, 0.73) or insulin (aOR 0.010, 95% CI 0.04,0.24) compared to no medication use. Our findings suggest that individuals on medication for their DM likely need enhanced support to reach their treatment goals.
Stress Hyperglycaemia is Associated with Poor Functional Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischaemic Stroke after Intravenous Thrombolysis.

BACKGROUND Transient hyperglycaemia in the context of illness with or without known diabetes has been termed as 'stress hyperglycaemia'. Stress hyperglycaemia can result in poor functional outcomes in patients with acute ischaemic stroke who underwent mechanical thrombectomy. We investigated the association between stress hyperglycaemia and clinical outcomes in acute ischaemic stroke patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). METHODS We examined 666 consecutive patients with acute ischaemic stroke who underwent IVT from 2006-2018. All patients had a glycated haemoglobin level (HbA1c) and fasting venous blood glucose measured within 24 hours of admission. Stress hyperglycaemia ratio (SHR) was defined as the ratio of the fasting glucose to the HbA1c. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to identify predictors of poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 3-6 at 3 months) after IVT. RESULTS Three-hundred and sixty-one patients (54.2%) had good functional outcomes. These patients tended to be younger (60.7±12.7 vs 70 ±14.4 years, p < 0.001), male (70.7% vs 51.5%, p < 0.001), had lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation (13.0% vs 20.7%, p = 0.008) and lower SHR (0.88±0.20 vs 0.99±26, p < 0.001). Patients with high SHR (≥0.97) were slightly older than those with low SHR (<0.97), and were more likely to have diabetes mellitus. On multivariate analysis, higher SHR was independently associated with poor functional outcomes (adjusted odds ratio 3.85, 95% CI 1.59 - 9.09, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS SHR appears to be an important predictor of functional outcomes in patients with AIS undergoing IVT. This may have important implications on the role of glycaemic control in the acute management of ischaemic stroke.
Anemia is associated with severe illness in COVID‐19: A retrospective cohort study

Anemia commonly aggravates the severity of respiratory diseases, whereas thus far, few studies have elucidated the impact of anemia on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with anemia, and to further explore the relationship between anemia and the severity of COVID‐19. In this single‐center, retrospective, observational study, a total of 222 confirmed patients admitted to Wuhan Ninth Hospital from 1 December 2019 to 20 March 2020 were recruited, including 79 patients with anemia and 143 patients without anemia. Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, disease progression and prognosis were collected and analyzed. Risk factors associated with the severe illness in COVID‐19 were established by univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. In our cohort, compared to patients without anemia, patients with anemia were more likely to have one or more comorbidities and severe COVID‐19 illness. More patients demonstrated elevated levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and creatinine in anemia group. Levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, D‐dimer, myoglobin, T‐pro brain natriuretic peptide (T‐pro‐BNP) and urea nitrogen in patients with anemia were significantly higher than those without. In addition, the proportion of patients with dyspnea, elevated CRP, and PCT was positively associated with the severity of anemia. The odd ratio of anemia related to the severe condition of COVID‐19 was 3.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02‐11.75; P = .046) and 3.77 (95% CI: 1.33‐10.71; P = .013) after adjustment for baseline date and laboratory indices, respectively. Anemia is an independent risk factor associated with the severe illness of COVID‐19, and healthcare professionals should be more sensitive to the hemoglobin levels of COVID‐19 patients on admission. Awareness of anemia as a risk factor for COVID‐19 was of great significance.
Reaction norms of Arabidopsis. II: Response to stress and unordered environmental variation

Genetic variation, plasticity and genotype x environment interaction have been studied in four populations of Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to a set of treatments including one 'optimal' and three 'stressful' conditions. We found strong phenotypic plasticity for all nine traits measured, highly significant genetic variation among populations for all traits except for two of those directly related to reproductive fitness and genetic variation for the plasticity of phenological, vegetative, early size and one fitness-related character. Flowering time and life span formed a distinct covariance set clearly separating the populations into late, intermediate and early flowering (an ecologically important aspect of A. thaliana phenology). Uni- and multivariate analyses of variance revealed that more within-treatment genetic variance for traits tended to be expressed under 'stressful' conditions than in the 'optimal' treatment. However, we suggest that the frequency of occurrence of the environments might be more important than their 'stressfulness' in determining genetic and phenotypic changes. Comparison of the components of phenotypic variance measured in a series of unordered treatments with those components measured under several ordered treatments (from a parallel study) revealed that the amount of genetic variation for plasticity tends to be higher in the set of unordered treatments.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Pharyngeal Airway Volume and Craniofacial Morphology in Patients With Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlations between the craniofacial morphology and pharyngeal airway volume in patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Tertiary hospital. Participants: Twenty-seven patients with complete BCLP and 27 class I control patients, aged 10 to 14 years. Main Outcome Measure: The pharyngeal airway volume and craniofacial morphology were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography. Measurements were compared between groups and any correlations were identified. Results: A significantly smaller total pharyngeal airway volume (TPV), oropharyngeal airway volume, and upper (UOPV) and lower (LOPV) oropharyngeal airway volume were found in patients with BCLP than in class I control patients, with no difference in the nasopharyngeal volume between groups. Furthermore, the craniofacial morphology measurements of N-Me, S-Go, Or-C, Ptm-C, Me-C, Co-Go, Go-Me, Ptm-Or, N-S-Ar, and Ar-Go-Me significantly differed between the BCLP and control groups (all P < .05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that Ptm-C and Me-C; Ptm-C, Or-C, and Me-C; and Me-C explained 20.3%, 38.9%, and 17.1% of the variations in TPV (P = .025), UOPV (P = .002), and LOPV (P = .018), respectively. Conclusions: Total pharyngeal airway volume, TPV, OPV, UOPV, and LOPV were significantly smaller in patients with BCLP than in class I controls. In patients with BCLP, the maxilla showed inhibited sagittal development and a retrograde position; moreover, the pharyngeal airway volume was weakly associated with the position of the maxilla and mandible relative to the coronal plane.
Males and Mental Health Stigma

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Mental Health and Wellbeing – Editorial
Adaptive Neural Dynamic Surface Control With Prespecified Tracking Accuracy of Uncertain Stochastic Nonstrict-Feedback Systems

This article addresses the adaptive neural tracking control problem for a class of uncertain stochastic nonlinear systems with nonstrict-feedback form and prespecified tracking accuracy. Some radial basis function neural networks (RBF NNs) are used to approximate the unknown continuous functions online, and the desired controller is designed via the adaptive dynamic surface control (DSC) method and the gain suppressing inequality technique. Different from the reported works on uncertain stochastic systems, by combining some non-negative switching functions and dynamic surface method with the nonlinear filter, the design difficulty is overcome, and the control performance is analyzed by employing stochastic Barbalat’s lemma. Under the constructed controller, the tracking error converges to the accuracy defined a priori in probability. The simulation results are shown to verify the availability of the presented control scheme.
Extracellular vesicular miRNA expression is not a proxy for skeletal muscle miRNA expression in males and females following acute, moderate intensity exercise

Skeletal muscle and extracellular vesicle (EV) miRNA expression increases following acute endurance exercise. However, research to date has only been performed in males. The aim of this study was to describe the expression levels of a subset of miRNAs in EVs following acute exercise and compare it to skeletal muscle miRNA expression. Twelve males (age 22.9 ± 2.6 years, mean ± SD) and eight females (age 23.0 ± 3.4 years) cycled for 60 min at 70% VO2peak. Muscle biopsies and blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after and 3 hr after exercise. Acute exercise did not significantly alter the expression of miR‐1, miR‐16, miR‐23b and miR‐133a/b in EVs in males and females combined. There were no correlations between EV and skeletal muscle miRNA expression in any of the measured species at any time point. Exploratory analysis revealed differential miRNA responses to exercise between males and females. In males, a weak negative correlation was observed between skeletal muscle and EV miR‐16 expression immediately following exercise; however, the physiological relevance of this correlation is unknown. Additionally, when compared with values at rest, male skeletal muscle miR‐16 expression significantly increased immediately following exercise, whereas miR‐133a expression significantly decreased 3 hr post exercise. Our findings suggest that miRNAs isolated from EVs are not a proxy for skeletal muscle miRNA content. Our exploratory data is the first known evidence of sex‐specific differences in the miRNA response to an acute bout of endurance exercise, particularly for miRNA species implicated in mitochondrial metabolism and angiogenesis.
Metabolome modulatory effects of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. fruit extracts on oxidative stress, hyperlipidaemic biomarkers in STZ‐induced diabetic rats and antidiabetic effects in 3T3 L1 adipocytes

The management of diabetes is considered a global problem, and a cure is yet to be discovered. This study investigated the modulatory effect of Kigelia africana fruit on oxidative stress and hyperlipidaemic biomarkers in STZ‐induced diabetic rats, profiled phytoconstituents using GC‐TOF‐MS and evaluated antidiabetic effects on 3T3 L1 adipocytes.
The management of depression following traumatic brain injury: A systematic review with meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is prevalent. Declining mortality has led to increasing survivors with chronic sequalae, including depression. With a lack of guidelines, this review aims to provide a comprehensive, evidence-based summary of the management of depression following TBI. Methods Systematic searches were conducted for quasi-experimental and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing pharmacotherapy, psychological interventions, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Databases searched CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ProQuest dissertations. Data extraction and risk-of-bias tools were used. Where possible, outcomes were combined into meta-analyses. Results 2719 studies were identified. After abstract screening and full-text reading, 34 remained. Prophylactic sertraline significantly reduced the odds of depression (OR (odds ratio) = 0.31 [95%CI (confidence interval) = 0.12 to 0.82]). Meta-analysis of RCT’s showed TMS to have the greatest reduction in depression severity (SMD (Standardized-Mean-Difference) = 2.43 [95%CI = 1.24 to 3.61]). Stimulants were the only treatment superior to control (SMD = −1.03 [95%CI = − 1.6 to −0.47]). Conclusion Methylphenidate was the most effective pharmacotherapy. Sertraline appears effective for prevention. The efficacy of psychological interventions is unclear. TMS as a combination therapy appears promising. Heterogeneity of study populations and dearth of evidence means results should be interpreted cautiously.
Using Whole-genome Sequencing to Determine the Timing of Secondary Tuberculosis in British Columbia, Canada

Abstract Combined with epidemiological data, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) can help better resolve individual tuberculosis (TB) transmission events to a degree not possible with traditional genotyping. We combine WGS data with patient-level data to calculate the timing of secondary TB among contacts of people diagnosed with active TB in British Columbia, Canada.
Honey bee colony performance affected by crop diversity and farmland structure: a modeling framework.

Forage availability has been suggested as one driver of the observed decline in honey bees. However, little is known about the effects of its spatiotemporal variation on colony success. We present a modeling framework for assessing honey bee colony viability in cropping systems. Based on two real farmland structures, we developed a landscape generator to design cropping systems varying in crop species identity, diversity, and relative abundance. The landscape scenarios generated were evaluated using the existing honey bee colony model BEEHAVE, which links foraging to in-hive dynamics. We thereby explored how different cropping systems determine spatiotemporal forage availability and, in turn, honey bee colony viability (e.g., time to extinction, TTE) and resilience (indicated by, e.g. brood mortality). To assess overall colony viability, we developed metrics, PH and PP, which quantified how much nectar and pollen provided by a cropping system per year was converted into a colony's adult worker population. Both crop species identity and diversity determined the temporal continuity in nectar and pollen supply and thus colony viability. Overall farmland structure and relative crop abundance were less important, but details mattered. For monocultures and for four-crop species systems composed of cereals, oilseed rape, maize and sunflower, PH and PP were below the viability threshold. Such cropping systems showed frequent, badly timed, and prolonged forage gaps leading to detrimental cascading effects on life stages and in-hive work force, which critically reduced colony resilience. Four-crop systems composed of rye-grass-dandelion pasture, trefoil-grass pasture, sunflower and phacelia ensured continuous nectar and pollen supply resulting in TTE > 5 years, and PH (269.5 kg) and PP (108 kg) being above viability thresholds for five years. Overall, trefoil-grass pasture, oilseed rape, buckwheat and phacelia improved the temporal continuity in forage supply and colony's viability. Our results are hypothetical as they are obtained from simplified landscape settings, but they nevertheless match empirical observations, in particular the viability threshold. Our framework can be used to assess the effects of cropping systems on honey bee viability and to develop land-use strategies that help maintain pollination services by avoiding prolonged and badly timed forage gaps.
Predictions and analyses of RNA nearest neighbor parameters for modified nucleotides

Abstract The most popular RNA secondary structure prediction programs utilize free energy (ΔG°37) minimization and rely upon thermodynamic parameters from the nearest neighbor (NN) model. Experimental parameters are derived from a series of optical melting experiments; however, acquiring enough melt data to derive accurate NN parameters with modified base pairs is expensive and time consuming. Given the multitude of known natural modifications and the continuing use and development of unnatural nucleotides, experimentally characterizing all modified NNs is impractical. This dilemma necessitates a computational model that can predict NN thermodynamics where experimental data is scarce or absent. Here, we present a combined molecular dynamics/quantum mechanics protocol that accurately predicts experimental NN ΔG°37 parameters for modified nucleotides with neighboring Watson–Crick base pairs. NN predictions for Watson-Crick and modified base pairs yielded an overall RMSD of 0.32 kcal/mol when compared with experimentally derived parameters. NN predictions involving modified bases without experimental parameters (N6-methyladenosine, 2-aminopurineriboside, and 5-methylcytidine) demonstrated promising agreement with available experimental melt data. This procedure not only yields accurate NN ΔG°37 predictions but also quantifies stacking and hydrogen bonding differences between modified NNs and their canonical counterparts, allowing investigators to identify energetic differences and providing insight into sources of (de)stabilization from nucleotide modifications.
COVID-19: relationship between atmospheric temperature and daily new cases growth rate

Abstract Purpose: The novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)) first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and rapidly spread across the globe. Since most respiratory viruses are known to show a seasonal pattern of infection, it has been hypothesised that SARS-CoV-2 may be seasonally dependent as well. The present study looks at a possible effect of atmospheric temperature, which is one of the suspected factors influencing seasonality, on the evolution of the pandemic. Basic procedures: Since confirming a seasonal pattern would take several more months of observation, we conducted an innovative day-to-day micro-correlation analysis of nine outbreak locations, across four continents and both hemispheres, in order to examine a possible relationship between atmospheric temperature (used as a proxy for seasonality) and outbreak progression. Main findings: There was a negative correlation between atmospheric temperature variations and daily new cases growth rates, in all nine outbreaks, with a median lag of 10 days. Principal conclusions: The results presented here suggest that high temperatures might dampen SARS-CoV-2 propagation, while lower temperatures might increase its transmission. Our hypothesis is that this could support a potential effect of atmospheric temperature on coronavirus disease progression, and potentially a seasonal pattern for this virus, with a peak in the cold season and rarer occurrences in the summer. This could guide government policy in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres for the months to come.
Bee phenology is predicted by climatic variation and functional traits.

Climate change is shifting the environmental cues that determine the phenology of interacting species. Plant-pollinator systems may be susceptible to temporal mismatch if bees and flowering plants differ in their phenological responses to warming temperatures. While the cues that trigger flowering are well-understood, little is known about what determines bee phenology. Using generalised additive models, we analyzed time-series data representing 67 bee species collected over 9 years in the Colorado Rocky Mountains to perform the first community-wide quantification of the drivers of bee phenology. Bee emergence was sensitive to climatic variation, advancing with earlier snowmelt timing, whereas later phenophases were best explained by functional traits including overwintering stage and nest location. Comparison of these findings to a long-term flower study showed that bee phenology is less sensitive than flower phenology to climatic variation, indicating potential for reduced synchrony of flowers and pollinators under climate change.