Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breastmilk as a Multisensory Intervention for Relieving Pain during Newborn Screening Procedures: A Randomized Control Trial

The study aim was to explore the effects of multisensory breastmilk interventions on short-term pain of infants during newborn screening. This is a randomized controlled trial. A total of 120 newborns were recruited and assigned by randomization to one of three treatment conditions: Condition 1 = routine care (gentle touch + verbal comfort); Condition 2 = breastmilk odor + routine care; or Condition 3 = breastmilk odor + taste + routine care. Pain was scored with the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). Data were collected from video recordings at 1 min intervals over the 11 phases of heel sticks: phase 1, 5 min before heel stick without stimuli (baseline); phase 2 to phase 6 (during heel stick); and phase 7 to phase 11 (recovery). Generalized estimating equations compared differences in pain scores for newborns over phases among the three conditions. Compared with the routine care, provision of the odor and taste of breastmilk reduce NIPS scores during heel sticks (B = −4.36, SE = 0.45, p < 0.001 [phase6]), and during recovery (B = −3.29, SE = 0.42, p < 0.001 [phase7]). Our findings provide new data, which supports the use of multisensory interventions that include breastmilk odor and taste in combination with gentle touch and verbal comfort to relieve pain in infants undergoing newborn screening.
UNDRAINED SHEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF SANDY-GRAVEL CONTAINING NON-PLASTIC FINES

細粒分含有率の異なる砂礫材料について, 三軸試験機を用いた非排水せん断試験を行い, 細粒分含有率や相対密度が砂礫の非排水せん断特性に与える影響を調べた. 非排水繰返し載荷試験および単調載荷試験結果から, 液状化強度および単調載荷時の最大偏差応力は, 同程度の相対密度を有する供試体においても細粒分含有率が0%から10%まで増加する間に大幅に低下することがわかった. このように砂礫に非塑性細粒分が混入した場合, 地震による繰返し載荷時や単調載荷時の非排水せん断特性が大幅に変化するので, その影響を適切に評価することが重要であることが明らかになった.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Severity of Head-On Crashes

The National Center for Statistics and Analysis and NHTSA suggest that head-on crashes are disproportionately represented in fatal crashes on two-lane highways, which constitute a substantial proportion of the highway network in the United States. This study focuses on analysis of the statistical association between head-on crash severity and potential causal factors, such as the geometric characteristics of the road segment, weather conditions, road surface conditions, and time of occurrence. Ordered probit models were estimated for data sets describing two-lane roads in Connecticut between 1996 and 2001. It was found that a wet roadway surface and narrow road segments were significantly related to more severe head-on crashes. A high density of access points and a nighttime occurrence of the crash were significantly related to more severe cases. Pavement width was found to be the most consistent factor, possibly because a wider road offers more space to avoid a direct head-on impact, thus reducing the severity of the crash. In addition, vehicle braking performance was important, as suggested by the higher probability of more severe head-on crashes on wet surfaces. The analysis results may be used by practitioners to understand the trade-off between geometric design decisions and head-on crash severity. Furthermore, identification of related factors will help to better explain crash phenomena and in turn to institute safer roadway design standards.
Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers in Southern California: Not Just “Anti” vs. “Pro” Vaccine

In this study, we evaluated the status of and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination of healthcare workers in two major hospital systems (academic and private) in Southern California. Responses were collected via an anonymous and voluntary survey from a total of 2491 participants, including nurses, physicians, other allied health professionals, and administrators. Among the 2491 participants that had been offered the vaccine at the time of the study, 2103 (84%) were vaccinated. The bulk of the participants were middle-aged college-educated White (73%), non-Hispanic women (77%), and nursing was the most represented medical occupation (35%). Political affiliation, education level, and income were shown to be significant factors associated with vaccination status. Our data suggest that the current allocation of healthcare workers into dichotomous groups such as “anti-vaccine vs. pro-vaccine” may be inadequate in accurately tailoring vaccine uptake interventions. We found that healthcare workers that have yet to receive the COVID-19 vaccine likely belong to one of four categories: the misinformed, the undecided, the uninformed, or the unconcerned. This diversity in vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers highlights the importance of targeted intervention to increase vaccine confidence. Regardless of governmental vaccine mandates, addressing the root causes contributing to vaccine hesitancy continues to be of utmost importance.
Physiochemical Changes of Mung Bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] in Responses to Varying Irrigation Regimes

Mungbean is one of the most powerful pulses providing substantial protein for human diets and fixing N to the soil, improving nutritional food security and agricultural sustainability. The production of summer mungbean in the tropics and subtropics is adversely affected by drought due to water scarcity caused by various factors as well as lack of rainfall. Irrigation at different growth phases is not a suitable solution. An environmentally friendly and economically viable answer is a convenient irrigation management option that will be available to farmers together with drought-tolerant genotypes. The study considered to determine the effect of differences between drought-tolerant and drought susceptible genotypes on water productivity response and physiological traits in mung beans. To quantify seed yield-related to irrigation at different growth stages eventually to quickly determine the most appropriate irrigation stage. One water stress tolerant mung bean genotype (BMX-08010-2) and one sensitive genotype (BARI Mung-1) were grown in the field with four different irrigation schedules along with water stress conditions (no irrigation) under rain shelter at Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Ishwardi, Pabna, Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in split plots with three replications, with irrigation schedules assigned in the main plot and mung bean genotypes assigned in the side plots. Water use efficiency ranged from 3.79 to 4.68 kg ha−1 mm−1 depending on irrigation regime, and mung bean seed yield of mung bean Water stress decreased plant water status, photosynthetic pigment and membrane stability index, and increased proline soluble sugar content. Treatments that received irrigation during two or three phases (I3 or I4) gave significantly higher yields than those that received irrigation during only one stage (I1 and I2) with the lowest yield. While the yield obtained ranged between 1145.44 kg ha−1 with seasonal irrigation of 277 mm (I4) and 555.14 kg ha−1 without irrigation (I0). The flowering stage (I3) was recorded as the most sensitive growth stage with an 18.15% yield reduction compared to the treatment with triple irrigation (I4). Also, depending on the irrigation sources, at least two irrigation phases should be provided at the triple leaf stage (I2, i.e., 20 DAS) and at the flowering stage (I3, i.e., 35 DAS) to achieve the highest yield. Genotypes that maintained the higher performance of physicochemical traits under water stress provided higher seed yield and promoted drought tolerance. Therefore, these parameters can be used as physiological and biochemical markers to identify and develop superior genotypes suitable for drought-prone environments.
Leaching of Alkaline Substances and Heavy Metals from Recycled Concrete Aggregate Used as Unbound Base Course

There is an increasing trend toward using recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in construction. However, concerns have been expressed in laboratory studies about the highly alkaline leachate, high-pH leaching patterns, and release of heavy metals from RCA (e.g., chromium, lead, and arsenic). In this study, RCA materials from a wide geographical area were investigated. Physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties were characterized and laboratory column leaching tests were conducted. Two field test sites were installed and instrumented, one at the Minnesota Road Research (MnROAD) facility in Minnesota and a second at a surface parking facility at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The MnROAD site showed a neutral leachate pH (between 6.5 and 8.0) after 7 months of service life [1.2 pore volumes of flow (PVFs)]; however, the pH from column leaching tests ranged between 11.0 and 12.5 and showed no decline over 100 PVFs. Because of the large difference between the field and laboratory results, two samples of RCA in Wisconsin, one from a recent demolition of concrete pavement (WR-F) and the other from an RCA stockpile with an age of 5 to 10 years (WR-SP), were used in the Wisconsin field site to verify the Minnesota data and investigate the long-term leaching of alkaline compounds and heavy metals. WR-F RCA started with a high leachate pH (12.6) and remained constant for the first 5 PVFs; however, WR-SP RCA started at a lower pH (7.3) but showed a gradually increasing trend, up to pH = 11.9 for the first 2 PVFs. The pHs from both RCAs were higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standard. Arsenic, chromium, lead, and selenium in the RCA field leachate were observed to be higher than the maximum contaminant level for the U.S. drinking water standard.
Computer-aided analysis of free-running microwave oscillators

The authors present a newly developed free-running steady-state oscillator analysis algorithm suited to large-signal oscillator analysis. Kurokawa's oscillation condition is coupled with the modified nodal admittance form of the circuit equations to avoid degenerate solutions. The algorithm was implemented by using both harmonic balance and frequency-domain spectral balance techniques. It was used in the simulation of monolithically integrated varactor-tuned MESFET oscillator. Good agreement between simulated power and oscillation frequency results was obtained. >
Numerical Study of Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer from a Window Glazing with a Venetian Blind

A two-dimensional numerical solution has been obtained of the effect of a venetian blind on the conjugate heat transfer at an indoor window glazing. A solution has been obtained to the coupled laminar free convection and radiation heat transfer problem, including conduction along the blind slats. The local convective Nusselt number distributions were found to compare well with published experimental data for an aluminum blind. Also, there was good qualitative agreement with temperature and flow field visualization photographs. The results show that, over a wide range of Rayleigh numbers, an aluminum venetian blind can have a strong effect on the heat transfer rate from the indoor window glazing. Depending upon the specific conditions, the average convective heat transfer rate can either increase or decrease. However, for all cases studied, the blind was found to substantially reduce the radiative heat transfer rate from the window, even when the slats were fully open.
Perinatal Outcome in Pregnancies Associated with Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study in a Rural Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of North India

Objective: The objective of the study is to know type of hypertension affecting pregnant women and impact on perinatal outcome. Subject and Methods: This is a prospective cohort study; 120 women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) at gestation ≥28 weeks who delivered in our institute were enrolled. Sociodemography, gestational age, mode of delivery, APGAR, birth weight, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and perinatal outcome were recorded. Mean ± standard deviation or proportions, analysis of variance, Chi-square test, and odds ratio were used for statistical analysis. Results: Preeclampsia (PE) was most prevalent hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (44.2%), followed by eclampsia (27.50%), gestational hypertension (23.3%), and chronic hypertension (CH) (5.0%). In PE group, 61.8% had FGR, 65.5% newborns were preterm, 74.6% had low birth weight, and 54.1% needed neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. In eclampsia group, 42.9% had fetal growth restriction, 65.7% preterm, 80% low birth weight, and 78.6% NICU admission. PE women delivered more fetal growth-restricted babies with odd ratio of 2.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15, 4.9) and at lower gestation with odd ratio of 2.00 (95% CI: 0.95, 4.21). Eclampsia group had more newborn with low APGAR 1 min, NICU admissions, and those requiring ventilator with odds ratio of 3.10 (95% CI: 1.37, 7.03), 4.48 (95% CI: 1.64, 12.24), and 4.09 (95% CI: 1.6, 10.46), respectively. Perinatal mortality was 10, 9, and 2 in eclampsia, PE, and gestational hypertension groups, respectively, with overall rate of 16.9%. PE and eclampsia comprised 71.70% of HDP but contributed 90.5% of all perinatal deaths. Conclusion: Preeclampsia-eclampsia is associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes as compared to gestational and CH, necessitating screening, vigilant antenatal care, timely intervention, and referral.
Numerical analysis of eigenmodes and splice losses of thermally diffused expanded core fibers

Field distributions and far-field patterns (FFP's) of the eigenmodes of thermally diffused expanded core (TEC) fibers are clarified by numerical analysis. The spot size of the TEC fiber is estimated by using the FFP that can be measured more easily than the near-field pattern (NFP). Splice losses of two TEC fibers are analyzed numerically considering a single or composite effect of gap, offset, and tilt. The results are useful for estimating isolations of fiber-integrated optical isolators and insertion losses of other fiber-integrated type optical devices. Splice losses considering multiple reflection between two endfaces of the TEC fibers with gaps are also analyzed numerically. This is useful for the design of fiber-integrated tunable wavelength filters.
The Pursuit of Happiness: A Calculation of the Hidden Costs of Being Black in the 21st Century

There is no shortage of evidence documenting glaring disparities on important socioeconomic and health indicators between White and Black Americans. Persistent racial disparities are the consequence of a historic system of structural racism. Given ongoing inequities in nearly every realm of American life, we aim to calculate the contemporary cost of racial inequity. We contribute to a growing body of literature concerning the “hidden cost” of being Black by employing a novel methodological approach and centering a paradigm of intersectionality ( Crenshaw, 1991; Shapiro, 2004). Specifically, we account for the disparities in health and income between Blacks and Whites by using the compensating and equivalent surplus frameworks to calculate willingness to accept (WTA) and willingness to pay (WTP) estimates. We estimate the WTP to avoid the disparity in health, income, and wellbeing between Black and White Americans, to be between approximately $38,000 and $45,000 per year per person using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System as well as the General Social Survey, respectively. These estimates can be interpreted as the annual willingness to pay by an average White person to avoid the disparities in income and health experienced by the average Black person.
Analysis of the Design-Build Delivery Method in Air Force Construction Projects

The design-build (DB) method for construction project delivery continues to grow in both the private and public sector; additionally, research has shown that the DB method outperforms the design-bid-build (DBB) method. The Air Force has applied the results of these previous research efforts to its military construction (MILCON) program without performing empirical studies to validate the approach. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the performance of the DB delivery method with the traditional DBB approach for the Air Force MILCON program. Data related to 835 (278 DB and 557 DBB) MILCON projects for fiscal years 1996–2006 were subsequently analyzed. The DB method had better performance in three of six metrics with the performance being significantly better for cost growth and the number of modifications per million dollars. The traditional DBB method performed significantly better in terms of total project time. Furthermore, the DB method was best suited for various facility types. This.
Emergency medical services shock index is the most accurate predictor of patient outcomes after blunt torso trauma

EMS shock index outperforms SI at transferring facility or trauma center. EMS SI predicted need for blood products, total number of PRBC and mortality. Trauma surgeons shouldn’t have a false sense of security if vitals improve during transport. Supplemental digital content is available in the text. INTRODUCTION Shock index (SI) and delta shock index (∆SI) predict mortality and blood transfusion in trauma patients. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive ability of SI and ∆SI in a rural environment with prolonged transport times and transfers from critical access hospitals or level IV trauma centers. METHODS We completed a retrospective database review at an American College of Surgeons verified level 1 trauma center for 2 years. Adult subjects analyzed sustained torso trauma. Subjects with missing data or severe head trauma were excluded. For analysis, poisson regression and binomial logistic regression were used to study the effect of time in transport and SI/∆SI on resource utilization and outcomes. p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Complete data were available on 549 scene patients and 127 transfers. Mean Injury Severity Score was 11 (interquartile range, 9.0) for scene and 13 (interquartile range, 6.5) for transfers. Initial emergency medical services SI was the most significant predictor for blood transfusion and intensive care unit care in both scene and transferred patients (p < 0.0001) compared with trauma center arrival SI or transferring center SI. A negative ∆SI was significantly associated with the need for transfusion and the number of units transfused. Longer transport time also had a significant relationship with increasing intensive care unit length of stay. Cohorts were analyzed separately. CONCLUSION Providers must maintain a high level of clinical suspicion for patients who had an initially elevated SI. Emergency medical services SI was the greatest predictor of injury and need for resources. Enroute SI and ∆SI were less predictive as time from injury increased. This highlights the improvements in en route care but does not eliminate the need for high-level trauma intervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/care management, level IV.
Rock fracture compliance derived from time delays of elastic waves

The purpose of this study is to compare the reliability of various methods of estimating normal rock fracture compliance from elastic wave measurements. We compare ultrasonic through‐transmission laboratory measurements for a smooth fracture in a Westerly granite specimen with numerical simulations and analytical solutions. The focus is on deriving compliance from time delays. The influence of specimen and source transducer width was constrained using numerical wave simulations. We find that measured ultrasonic phase delays are better suited to estimate the fracture compliance than group delays. Using the frequency domain instead of the time domain increases the accuracy of the fracture compliance estimates. We further show that for cases where precise phase delay measurements are unavailable, employing first break times in conjunction with numerical simulations can be considered as an alternative.
Seismic analysis of two‐way asymmetric building systems under bi‐directional seismic ground motions

An approximation approach of seismic analysis of two‐way asymmetric building systems under bi‐directional seismic ground motions is proposed. The procedures of uncoupled modal response history analysis (UMRHA) are extended to two‐way asymmetric buildings simultaneously excited by two horizontal components of ground motion. Constructing the relationships of two‐way base shears versus two‐way roof translations and base torque versus roof rotation in ADRS format for a two‐way asymmetric building, each modal pushover curve bifurcates into three curves in an inelastic state. A three‐degree‐of‐freedom (3DOF) modal stick is developed to simulate the modal pushover curve with the stated bifurcating characteristic. It requires the calculation of the synthetic earthquake and angle β. It is confirmed that the 3DOF modal stick is consistent with single‐degree‐of‐freedom modal stick in an elastic state. A two‐way asymmetric three‐story building was analyzed by UMRHA procedure incorporating the proposed 3DOF modal sticks. The analytical results are compared with those obtained from nonlinear response history analysis. It is shown that the 3DOF modal sticks are more rational and effective in dealing with the assessment of two‐way asymmetric building systems under two‐directional seismic ground motions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstrip lines on substrates with segmented or continuous permittivity profiles

The propagation properties of microstrip lines on a substrate with inhomogeneous permittivity and conductivity profiles are analyzed. The eigenmodes in each inhomogeneous layer are obtained by solving an eigen equation. These eigenmodes are then used to formulate the Green's function of the stratified medium. An integral equation is next derived in terms of the surface current on the strip. Galerkin's method is then applied to obtain a determinantal equation to be solved for the propagation constant. The effect of several permittivity and conductivity profiles are analyzed.
Marketing Aesthetics: The Strategic Management of Brands, Identity and Image

There is no way to mistake the ubiquitous trademarked Coca-Cola bottle, or the stylish ads for Absolut Vodka with any of their competitors. How have these companies created this irresistible appeal for their brands? How have they sustained a competitive edge through aesthetics? Bernd Schmitt and Alex Simonson, two leading experts in the emerging field of identity management, offer clear guidelines for harnessing a company's total aesthetic output-- its "look and feel"-- to provide a vital competitive advantage. Going beyond standard traditional approaches on branding, this fascinating book is the first to combine branding, identity, and image and to show how aesthetics can be managed through logos, brochures, packages, and advertisements, as well as sounds, scents, and lighting, to sell "the memorable experience. " The authors explore what makes a corporate or brand identity irresistible, what styles and themes are crucial for different contexts, and what meanings certain visual symbols convey. Any person in any organization in any industry can benefit from employing the tools of "marketing aesthetics". Schmitt and Simonson describe how a firm can use these tools strategically to create a variety of sensory experiences that will (1) ensure customer satisfaction and loyalty; (2) sustain lasting customer impressions about a brand's or organization's special personality; (3) permit premium pricing; (4) provide legal "trade dress" protection from competitive attacks; (5) lower costs and raise productivity; and (6) most importantly, create irresistible appeal. The authors show how to manage identity globally and how to develop aesthetically pleasing retail spaces and environments. They also address the newly emergent topic of how to manage corporate and brand identity on the Internet. Supporting their thesis with numerous real-world success stories such as Absolut Vodka, Nike, the Gap, Cathay Pacific Airlines, Starbucks, the New Beetle Website, and Lego, the authors explain how actual companies have developed, refined, and maintained distinct corporate identities that set them apart from competitors.