Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thyroid fibrous band and levator glandulae thyroideae muscle: Two different structures associated with the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland

We investigated two structures that are in close association with the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland. Our investigation was performed using microdissection and histological examination in 106 human postmortem specimens. The first investigated structure was identified as the thyroid fibrous band that was present in 28.3% of cases. This band was always associated with the pyramidal lobe (which was significantly longer and thicker when associated with this band) and it had a constant hyo-pyramidal extension; it was located close to the midsagittal plane and predominantly composed of dense irregular connective tissue. The second investigated structure was the levator glandulae thyroideae muscle, which was associated with the pyramidal lobe in only 13.6% of cases. This muscle had a double extension, hyo-pyramidal and laryngo-pyramidal, located farther from the midsagittal plane, it was longer and thinner than the thyroid fibrous band and predominantly composed of striated muscle fibers. We confirmed our hypothesis that the thyroid fibrous band, which may be considered as the partial fibrous remnant of the thyroglossal duct and levator glandulae thyroideae, and which may be considered as infrahyoid or laryngeal muscle, are two different structures of the thyroid gland.
Facile synthesis of Bi2S3 nanocrystalline-modified TiO2: Fe nanotubes hybrids and their photocatalytic activities in dye degradation

ABSTRACT Interface-induced effects and large specific area of heteronanostructures are attracting much attention due to applications in photocatalysis. In this work, ultrafine bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanocrystalline-modified Fe-doped TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) were fabricated with facile methods. The effect of the ratio of Bi2S3 to the Fe-doped TiO2 NTs on the microstructural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of the NTs and hybrids was studied. The NTs showed an actual Fe content of ∼ 2.93 at. %. The optical bandgap of the NTs and hybrids was ∼2.90 eV and ∼2.46–2.88 eV, respectively, and decreased with increasing Bi2S3/NTs ratio. The specific surface area of the NTs was ∼333 m2 · g−1; whereas the hybrids showed obviously larger specific surface area of ∼ 527–689 m2 · g−1 than the NTs because of well-controlled formation process of Bi2S3 nanoparticles. The sunlight-excited degradation experiments of dyes in the water indicated that the photocatalytic activity of the hybrids was higher than that of the NTs and increased with increasing Bi2S3/NTs ratio. Moreover, the degradation rates of two dyes at different initial pH values were very different. The high photocatalytic activity of the hybrids was mainly ascribed to the narrow bandgap, large specific surface area, and effective heterojunction.
Knowing me, knowing you: the effects of peer familiarity on receiving peer feedback for undergraduate student writers

Abstract Anonymity has been suggested as a way to mitigate the possible negative effects of interpersonal variables that may arise during the peer review process. However, since anonymity is not always possible, it is important to consider how the level of familiarity between peers may influence the peer review process. This study therefore explores the effect that peer familiarity has on receiving feedback from peers. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data, collected via a questionnaire, reveals that the majority of the students knew their peers very or fairly well and felt comfortable and enjoyed working with them. The process was less confrontational, with more honesty and trust, and better communication. The few students who did not know their peers well felt that they could be more objective in their feedback. The authors conclude that the level of peer familiarity provides a different perspective to the peer review process, especially in contexts where anonymity is not possible.
URBAN-RURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE PREVALENCE OF MUSCLE WEAKNESS AND SLOW GAIT SPEED: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS FROM THE NHANES (2001-2002 AND 2011-2014).

Background Older adults living in rural areas suffer from health inequities compared to their urban counterparts. These include comorbidity burden, poor diet, and physical inactivity, which are also risk factors for sarcopenia, for which muscle weakness and slow gait speed are domains. To date, no study has examined urban-rural differences in the prevalence of muscle weakness and slow gait speed in older adults living in the United States. Objective To compare the prevalence of grip strength weakness and slow gait speed between urban and rural older adults living in the United States. Design A cross-sectional, secondary data analysis of two cohorts from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), using gait speed or grip strength data, and urban-rural residency, dietary, examination, questionnaire and demographic data. Participants 2,923 adults (≥ 60 yrs.). Measures Grip weakness was defined as either, an absolute grip strength of <35 kg. and <20 kg. or grip strength divided by body mass index (GripBMI) of <1.05 and <0.79 for men and women, respectively. Slow gait speed was defined as a usual gait speed of ≤0.8m/s. Results The prevalence of GripBMI weakness was significantly higher in urban compared to rural participants (27.4% vs. 19.2%; p=0.001), whereas their absolute grip strength was lower (31.75(±0.45) vs. 33.73(±0.48)). No urban-rural differences in gait speed were observed. Conclusions Older adults residing in urban regions of the United States were weaker compared to their rural counterparts. This report is the first to describe urban-rural differences in handgrip strength and slow gait speed in older adults living in the United States.
Analysis of cesium isotope compositions in environmental samples by thermal ionization mass spectrometry-3

ABSTRACT Cesium was recovered from soil samples obtained in Fukushima prefecture. Isotopic analysis of Cs was performed by γ-spectrometry to determine the activity ratio of 134Cs/137Cs and thermal ionization mass spectrometry was used to determine the isotopic ratios of 133Cs/137Cs and 135Cs/137Cs. The analytical results showed that both the activity ratio of 134Cs/137Cs and the isotopic ratio of 135Cs/137Cs were within the expected values for the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant estimated using the ORIGEN-II code, suggesting that most of the radioactive Cs in the soil sample originated from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The concentration of 137Cs and the contribution of radioactive Cs from global fallout were correlated to the distance from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, while the contribution of radioactive Cs from each reactor did not show any similar distance dependence.
Tritrichomonas foetus: New structures by high-resolution scanning helium ion microscopy

Helium ion scanning microscopy (HIM) is a novel high-resolution scanning microscopy technique that uses helium ions instead of electrons to form images of the highest quality and resolution, providing a sub-nanometer resolution sputter uncoated biological cell. Here, we took advantage of HIM to explore the cell surface of Tritrichomonas foetus, a protist parasite of cattle that provokes hard infection and abortion in cows. We describe thin protrusions, like nanotubes described in other cells, with different sizes (27 nm to 81 nm in thickness) and various lengths (from 73 nm to 2 μm), as well bulbous structures either budding from the cell surface or present in the extremities of some protrusions. The flagella also presented these thin protrusions and different protein decoration, similar to those previously described using freeze-fracture techniques. Nanotubes between two cells were also seen, and their role in infection is discussed. The cell surface was also examined and showed several pits indicative of endocytic activity and other types of arrays of particles. These observations were confirmed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), negative staining, and conventional thin sectioning for observation by transmission electron microscopy. Our findings provide new and relevant information that may contribute to a better understanding of protozoan biology and its interaction with mammalian cells.
X‐ray waveguide arrays: tailored near fields by multi‐beam interference

A novel 1-D X-ray waveguide, the Mo/C waveguide array (WGA), is introduced to tailor the optical near field distribution by precisely designed and controlled multi-beam interference at 19.9 keV hard X-ray energy. Seven precisely controlled guiding layers with optimized layer thickness variation were fabricated by high-precision direct-current magnetron sputtering of amorphous carbon (C) and molybdenum (Mo). The thickness variations are designed in such a way to introduce the desired phase shifts between the guided output beams, to act as a quasi-focusing device. The WGA and the layer thicknesses are characterized by X-ray reflectivity, transmission electron microscopy, and measurement of the synchrotron radiation far-field intensity pattern. Based on the measurements and simulations, a reliable Mo/C multilayer layers combination can be verified. With the layers thicknesses, simulations inside the WGA and in the optical near field behind it show that multi-beam interference with the designed phase shifts lead to a relative beam intensity of 0.59 in a quasi-focal plane 0.08 mm behind the exit, with a spot size of 23.8 nm. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifikasi Miskonsepsi Siswa pada Materi Gerak Lurus Beraturan (GLB) dan Gerak Lurus Berubah Beraturan (GLBB)

Tujuan penulisan artikel studi literatur ini adalah untuk mengetahui berbagai miskonsepsi yang dialami oleh siswa, penyebab miskonsepsi serta cara mengatasi miskonsepsi pada materi gerak lurus beraturan dan gerak lurus berubah beraturan yang diperoleh dari beberapa jurnal penelitian. Dari studi literature ini banyak dijumpai siswa mengalami berbagai miskonsepsi pada materi tersebut salah satunya adalah tidak dapat membedakan gerak lurus beraturan dan gerak lurus berubah beraturan. Hal tersebut disebabkan beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah pendidik yang tidak terlalu menguasai konsep pada materi sehingga mengajarkan konsep yang salah pada siswa, sehingga dapat menimbulkan salah tafsiran dari pembaca. Dari berbagai penelitian yang dilakukan terdapat cara mengatasi miskonsepesi tersebut, salah satunya adalah pemilihan model pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan karakter peserta didik.
Acceptance of social network sites by university librarians

Libraries are being revolutionized by technological advancements which open up avenues to embed innovative library services. It is imperative for librarians to be in par with new technologies such as social network sites, to prove their worth in this competitive digital world. This study aims to explore factors affecting the acceptance of social network sites by university librarians by applying the technology acceptance model. The findings revealed that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use were significant predictors of acceptance of social network sites. Trust was found to exert a significant indirect effect on the librarians’ intention to use social network sites. This study contributes to the theoretical novelty of the intersecting field of library science, social network sites and the technology acceptance model, which has received less attention in the literature. Also, this study attempts to fill the gap in the adoption literature, where librarians are rarely acknowledged as users, while supporting the validation of the technology acceptance model in a developing-country context. Overall, the proposed research model explained 58.4% (R 2 = 0.584) of variance in the dependent variable of behavioural intention.
Group Model Building: A Systematic Review of the Literature

System dynamics is a method for the model building of complex socioeconomic phenomena. One of the important sources of information is the mental model. Group model building was devised to extract mental models. Since this modeling method was proposed for the first time, it has been applied by many researchers, and a lot of research has been conducted about how to practice it, its instructions, and their evaluation. This paper seeks to make a comprehensive review of the literature associated with this method. To achieve this goal, a systematic review is made of 156 articles published until 2017 on group model building, the findings of those studies are summed up, and their orientation pattern is determined through identifying the focuses of attention of researchers. Finally, the existing research gaps are identified and explained, and some suggestions are given for future research in the field of group model building.
Estimation of spatio-temporal variability in land surface temperature over the Ganga River Basin using MODIS data

Abstract The present study aims to estimate the trends in daytime land surface temperature (LST) and its relationship with other parameters such as elevation and land use/land cover (LULC) over the Ganga River Basin (GRB) during 2001–2019. The study examined monthly daytime clear-sky LST, elevation, LULC, snow cover area (SCA), clear-sky days, and aerosols data of the GRB. Annual mean clear-sky daytime LST has been declining at the rate −0.017 °C year−1 over the basin during the study period. At seasonal scale, LST has been rising during monsoon (average rate of 0.026 °C year−1), whereas other seasons show a decline with the highest magnitude during winter season (−0.078, oC year−1). The study observed pronounced warming trends (0.003 to 0.07 °C year−1) in post-monsoon above the elevation of 3000 m amsl indicating elevation-dependent warming (EDW) in the basin. The vagary in LST over the basin may be attributed to the changes in LULC, increasing aerosols loading, and rising hazy days.
A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Learning Analytics in Educational Games

Learning analytics (LA) in educational games is considered an emerging practice due to its potential of enhancing the learning process. Growing research on formative assessment has shed light on the ways in which students' meaningful and in-situ learning experiences can be supported through educational games. To understand learners' playful experiences during gameplay, researchers have applied LA, which focuses on understanding students' in-game behaviour trajectories and personal learning needs during play. However, there is a lack of studies exploring how further research on LA in educational games can be conducted. Only a few analyses have discussed how LA has been designed, integrated, and implemented in educational games. Accordingly, this systematic literature review examined how LA in educational games has evolved. The study findings suggest that: (1) there is an increasing need to consider factors such as student modelling, iterative game design and personalisation when designing and implementing LA through educational games; and (2) the use of LA creates several challenges from technical, data management and ethical perspectives. In addition to outlining these findings, this article offers important notes for practitioners, and discusses the implications of the study’s results.
How Does External Knowledge Sourcing Affect Business Performance in Large-Scale Firms? The Mediating Role of Open Technology Strategies

This article examines the mediating impact of open technology strategies (OTS) on the link between three types of external knowledge sources (i.e., scientific, institutional, and indirect partners) and business performance (BP). Structural equation modeling is conducted in order to test the research model based on a survey of 241 companies drawn from the database of Turkey's largest 500 manufacturing companies. The study's findings indicate that the implementation of OTS mediates the relationships between external knowledge sourcing (EKS) from scientific partners and indirect partners with BP. However, no support is found for the mediation effect of OTS on the link between EKS from institutional partners and BP. This article extends the innovation literature by empirically investigating open innovation in large-scale companies in emerging country settings.
Essential dimension and pro-finite group schemes

A. Vistoli observed that, if Grothendieck's section conjecture is true and $X$ is a smooth hyperbolic curve over a field finitely generated over $\mathbb{Q}$, then $\underline{\pi}_{1}(X)$ should somehow have essential dimension $1$. We prove that an infinite, pro-finite \'etale group scheme always has infinite essential dimension. We introduce a variant of essential dimension, the fce dimension $\operatorname{fced} G$ of a pro-finite group scheme $G$, which naturally coincides with $\operatorname{ed} G$ if $G$ is finite but has a better behaviour in the pro-finite case. Grothendieck's section conjecture implies $\operatorname{fced}\underline{\pi}_{1}(X)=\dim X=1$ for $X$ as above. We prove that, if $A$ is an abelian variety over a field finitely generated over $\mathbb{Q}$, then $\operatorname{fced}\underline{\pi}_{1}(A)=\operatorname{fced} TA=\dim A$.
CHARACTERISTICS OF OZONE AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN IN BEIJING AND XIANGHE

Ozone in the near-surface atmosphere as an important photochemical production has very close relation with NOx. Data on the concentrations of ozone and NOx was measured from spring to the summertime of 2005 in Beijing and Xianghe simultaneously. There are the same diurnal variations of ozone in Beijing and Xianghe. During the observation, ozone concentration is much lower in Beijing than that in Xianghe, which are 28×10-9 V/V and 43×10-9 V/V in Beijing and Xianghe respectively. But the Ox concentrations are reversed, which are 72×10-9 V/V and 60×10-9 V/V. The monthly highest ozone pollution episodes of Beijing and Xianghe happen at the same days. The maximum ozone with 200×10-9 V/V was observed on 21th June in Beijing, 149×10-9 V/V in Xianghe simultaneously. NOx is accumulated intensively before all the ozone pollution episodes. The Ox concentration is strongly correlated with wind. The concentrations of Ox are 25% higher than the average both in Beijing and Xianghe when the wind direction is south.
A new approach to get solutions for Kirchhoff-type fractional Schrödinger systems involving critical exponents

In this paper, we study the following Kirchhoff-type fractional Schrodinger system with critical exponent in \begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}^N $\end{document} : \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} \left(a_{1}+b_{1}\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|(-\Delta)^{\frac{s}{2}}u|^2dx\right)(-\Delta)^{s}u+u = \mu_1|u|^{2^*_s-2}u +\frac{\alpha\gamma}{2^*_s}|u|^{\alpha-2}u|v|^{\beta}+k|u|^{p-1}u,\\ \left(a_{2}+b_{2}\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|(-\Delta)^{\frac{s}{2}}v|^2dx\right)(-\Delta)^{s}v+v = \mu_2|v|^{2^*_s-2}v+ \frac{\beta\gamma}{2^*_s}|u|^{\alpha}|v|^{\beta-2}v+k|v|^{p-1}v,\\ \end{cases} \end{equation*} $\end{document} where \begin{document}$ (-\Delta)^{s} $\end{document} is the fractional Laplacian, \begin{document}$ 0 , \begin{document}$ N>2s, $\end{document} \begin{document}$ 2_{s}^{\ast} = 2N/(N-2s) $\end{document} is the fractional critical Sobolev exponent, \begin{document}$ \mu_{1},\mu_{2},\gamma, k>0 $\end{document} , \begin{document}$ \alpha+\beta = 2_{s}^{\ast},\ 1 , \begin{document}$ a_{i},b_{i}\geq 0, $\end{document} with \begin{document}$ a_{i}+b_{i}>0,\ \ i = 1,2 $\end{document} . By using appropriate transformation, we first get its equivalent system which may be easier to solve: \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} (-\Delta)^{s}u+u = \mu_1|u|^{2^*_s-2}u+\frac{\alpha\gamma}{2^*_s}|u|^{\alpha-2}u|v|^{\beta}+k|u|^{p-1}u, \ \ x\in \mathbb{R}^N, \\ (-\Delta)^{s}v+v = \mu_2|v|^{2^*_s-2}v+\frac{\beta\gamma}{2^*_s}|u|^{\alpha}|v|^{\beta-2}v+k|v|^{p-1}v,\ \ x\in \mathbb{R}^N,\\ \lambda_{1}^{s}-a_{1}-b_{1}\lambda_{1}^{\frac{N-2s}{2}}\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|(-\Delta)^{\frac{s}{2}}u|^2dx = 0, \ \ \lambda_{1}\in \mathbb{R}^+,\\ \lambda_{2}^{s}-a_{2}-b_{2}\lambda_{2}^{\frac{N-2s}{2}}\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|(-\Delta)^{\frac{s}{2}}v|^2dx = 0, \ \ \lambda_{2}\in \mathbb{R}^+. \end{cases} \end{equation*} $\end{document} Then, by using the mountain pass theorem, together with some classical arguments from Brezis and Nirenberg, we obtain the existence of solutions for the new system under suitable conditions. Finally, based on the equivalence of two systems, we get the existence of solutions for the original system. Our results give improvement and complement of some recent theorems in several directions.
Plutonium-Doped Monazite and Other Orthophosphates—Thermodynamics and Experimental Data on Long-Term Behavior

The paper consists of two main parts: a microscopic and spectroscopic investigation of the single crystal of 17-year-old 238Pu-doped Eu-monazite, and a theoretical calculation of the properties of several structural types of orthophosphates. It is shown that actinide-doped monazite is prone to the formation of mechanically weak, poorly crystalline crust, presumably consisting of rhabdophane. Its formation is likely promoted by the formation of peroxides and, potentially, acidic compounds, due to the radiolysis of atmospheric moisture. The calculations of mixing the enthalpies and Gibbs energies of binary solid solutions of Pu and rare earth element (REE) phosphates that were performed for the principal structural types—monazite, xenotime, rhabdophane—show that, in the case of light REEs, the plutonium admixture is preferentially redistributed into the rhabdophane. This process strongly affects the behavior of actinides, leached from a monazite-based waste form. The applications of these results for the development of actinide waste forms are discussed. The current data on the behavior of real actinide-doped monazite suggest that this type of ceramic waste form is not very resistant, even in relatively short time periods.
Timing and Classification of Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis Patients Using Fast Large Margin Classifier

: Surface electromyogram (sEMG) processing and classification can assist neurophysiological standardization and evaluation and provide habi-tational detection. The timing of muscle activation is critical in determining various medical conditions when looking at sEMG signals. Understanding muscle activation timing allows identification of muscle locations and feature validation for precise modeling. This work aims to develop a predictive model to investigate and interpret Patellofemoral (PF) osteoarthritis based on features extracted from the sEMG signal using pattern classification. To this end, sEMG signals were acquired from five core muscles over about 200 reads from healthy adult patients while they were going upstairs. Onset, offset, and time duration for the Transversus Abdominus (TrA), Vastus Medialis Obliquus (VMO), Gluteus Medius (GM), Vastus Lateralis (VL), and Multifidus Muscles (ML) were acquired to construct a classification model. The proposed classification model investigates function mapping from real-time space to a PF osteoarthritis discriminative feature space. The activation feature space of muscle timing is used to train several large margin classifiers to modulate muscle activations and account for such activation measurements. The fast large margin classifier achieved higher performance and faster convergence than support vector machines (SVMs) and other state-of-the-art classifiers. The proposed sEMG classification framework achieved an average accuracy of 98.8% after 7 s training time, improving other classification techniques in previous literature.