Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PERASAN DAUN LIDAH MERTUA (Sansevieria trifasciata prain) TERHADAP ANGKA KUMAN UDARA DI RUANG KELAS R226, R221, dan R222 KAMPUS 7 POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN KEMENKES SEMARANG TAHUN 2018

Latar belakang Kualitas udara di ruang perkuliahan perlu diperhatikan karena udara menjadi media penularan penyakit. Alternatif yang bisa digunakan adalah dengan pemanfaatan perasan daun lidah mertua (Sansevieria trifasciataprain). Tanaman lidah mertua memiliki berbagai manfaat salah satunya sebagai antibakteri.Hal ini dikarenakan dalam beberapa penelitian, tumbuhan Sansevieria diketahui memiliki potensi sebagai zat antibakteri. Tujuan menganalisis pengaruh perasan lidah mertua terhadap penurunan angka kuman udara di ruang R226, R221, dan R222 Jurusan Kesehatan Lingungan Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Semarang Tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pra eksperimen dengan rancangan pre post design. Variable bebas perasan daun lidah mertua konsentrasi 10%,15%, dan 25%, variable terikat angka kuman udara. Hasil pemeriksaan angka kuman udara rata-rata sebelum perlakuan diruang R226 didapatkan hasil 331.5 koloni/jam/feet2 dan rata setelah perlakuan 10% 355.33 koloni/jam/feet2. Pada R221 angka kuman sebelum perlakuan 355.5 koloni/jam/feet2 dan setelah perlakuan 233.167 koloni/jam/feet2. Pada R222 angka kuman sebelum perlakuan 433 koloni/jam/feet2 dan setelah perlakuan sebesar 225.5 koloni/jam/feet2. Dosis efektif perlakuan (10%,15% dan 25%) terhadap penurunan angka kuman udara ruang R226, R221 dan R222 adalah konsentrasi 15% sebesar 57.67 % dalam 4 ml/m3. Simpulan dari hasil penelitian bahwa secara statistik pemakaian perasan lidah mertua tidak ada pengaruh terhadap penurunan angka kuman udara di ruang kelas R226, R221 dan R222 Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Semarang. Disarankan sebaiknya meningkatkan kebersihan perilaku pengguna ruangan, lantai dibersihkan menggunakan antiseptik, membuka jendela dipagi hari sebelum menyalakan AC, dan untuk peneliti selanjutnya sebaiknya menggunakan butiran mist dengan konsentrasi perasan yang lebih tinggi.
Centennial drought outlook over the CONUS using NASA‐NEX downscaled climate ensemble

Drought is a natural hazard developing slowly and affecting large areas which may have severe consequences on society and economy. Due to the effects of climate change, drought is expected to exacerbate in various regions in future. In this study, the impact of climate change on drought characteristics is assessed, and statistical methods are employed to analyse the significance of projections. This is the first study utilizing 21 recently available downscaled global climate models generated by NASA (NEX‐GDDP) to evaluate drought projections over various regions across the United States. Drought is investigated through a multi‐model dual‐index dual‐scenario approach to probabilistically analyse drought attributes while characterizing the uncertainty in future drought projections. Standardized Precipitation Index and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index values at the seasonal scale (3 months) are used to project and analyse meteorological drought conditions from 1950 to 2099 at 0.25° spatial resolution. Two future concentration pathways of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are considered for this analysis. Accounting for the combined effects of precipitation and temperature variations reveals a considerable aggravation in severity and extent of future drought in the western United States and a tendency toward more frequent and intense summer droughts across the Contiguous United States.
Exploring the effects of transport duration on the fecal microbial communities of surplus dairy calves.

Transportation significantly impacts the health and welfare of surplus dairy calves largely due to the various stressors and pathogen exposures encountered during the process. Concurrently, the animal's microbiome is known to correlate with its health status, with stress-induced alterations in the microbiota potentially precipitating various diseases. This study aimed to compare the impacts of transportation durations of 6, 12, or 16 h on the fecal microbiota in young surplus dairy calves. We used a randomized controlled design, where surplus dairy calves aged 1-19 d old from 5 commercial dairy farms in Ontario were allocated into one of 3 (6, 12, and 16 h of continuous transportation) transportation groups. Health assessments were conducted before, immediately after, and for 2 weeks following transportation. Fecal samples were collected before, immediately after, and at 24- and 72 h post-transportation and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha diversity metrics showed no significant differences between the 3 transportation groups at any of the sampling time points. Although β diversity metrics revealed no clustering by transportation groups, they indicated significant differences across sampling time points within each group. The overall analysis revealed a total of 22 phyla and 353 genera, with Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria being the most abundant phyla. Bacteroides, Escherichia/Shigella, Lactobacillus, Collinsella, and Bifidobacterium were the most abundant genera. The reduction in Fusobacteria abundance before and after transport was significantly larger in the 16-h transportation group when compared with the 6-h transportation group. We also identified several genus-level and ASV-level taxa that displayed significant differences in their abundances across various transportation groups, observed at all sampling time points investigated. In conclusion, this research identifies microbiota changes due to varying transportation durations in surplus dairy calves providing a broad understanding of the microbial shifts in surplus dairy calves' post-transportation across varying durations. While these variations may not directly correlate with overall calf health or indicate dysbiosis, these results emphasize the importance of further investigating transportation practices to enhance calf health and well-being. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the relationship between microbiota and calf health.
PLEISTOCENE PALAEOCLIMATIC EVOLUTION FROM AGIOS GEORGIOS CAVE SPELEOTHEM (KILKIS, N. GREECE)

Palaeoclimatic reconstruction in N. Greece has been investigated in this study, using stable isotope analyses and U/Th dating of a speleothem (stalactite) from the cave of Agios Georgios (Kilkis). Sampling sequence was followed in detail in order to obtain high resolution analysis of the proxy. Speleothem δO entirely depends on two factors: changes in the δO of the percolation waters (a proxy for local rainfall δO) and the temperature of water-calcite fractionation inside the cave (a proxy for outside air temperatures). During periods of relatively stable temperatures, δC shifts are caused principally by variations in soil CO2 input and physico-chemical processes inside the cave. More important processes affect the δC signal of speleothem inside the cave are length of flow path and rates of CO2 degassing.The lower δ C calcite values indicate greater respiratory activity of soils under wetter conditions. The stalagmite layers were dated through U/Th geochronological method, which places the carbonate precipitation in Middle Pleistocene (630-300ka BP). The isotopic composition of the layers was used in combination with the dating results to reconstruct the evolution of the area of Kilkis. Correlation with global climatic records shows that major climatic transitions that influenced northern hemisphere seem to have also affected the region of N. Greece.
Genome-wide DNA methylation risk scores for schizophrenia derived from blood and brain tissues further explain the genetic risk in patients stratified by polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Background Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Among genetic risk groups stratified by combinations of Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) deciles for SZ, BD and SZ versus BD, genetic SZ risk groups had high SZ risk and prominent cognitive impairments. Furthermore, epigenetic alterations are implicated in these disorders. However, it was unclear whether DNA Methylation Risk Scores (MRSs) for SZ risk derived from blood and brain tissues were associated with SZ risk, particularly the PRS-stratified genetic SZ risk group. Methods Epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) of SZ risk in whole blood were preliminarily conducted between 66 SZ patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs) and among genetic risk groups (individuals with low genetic risk for SZ and BD in HCs (n=30) and in SZ patients (n=11), genetic BD risk in SZ patients (n=25) and genetic SZ risk in SZ patients (n=30)) stratified by combinations of PRSs for SZ, BD and SZ versus BD. Next, differences in MRSs based on independent EWASs of SZ risk in whole blood, postmortem frontal cortex (FC) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) were investigated among our case‒control and PRS-stratified genetic risk status groups. Results Among case‒control and genetic risk status groups, 33 and 351 genome-wide significant differentially methylated positions (DMPs) associated with SZ were identified, respectively, many of which were hypermethylated. Compared with the low genetic risk in HCs group, the genetic SZ risk in SZ group had 39 genome-wide significant DMPs, while the genetic BD risk in SZ group had only six genome-wide significant DMPs. The MRSs for SZ risk derived from whole blood, FC and STG were higher in our SZ patients than in HCs in whole blood and were particularly higher in the genetic SZ risk in SZ group than in the low genetic risk in HCs and genetic BD risk in SZ groups. Conversely, the MRSs for SZ risk based on our whole-blood EWASs among genetic risk groups were also associated with SZ in the FC and STG. There were no correlations between the MRSs and PRSs. Conclusions These findings suggest that the MRS is a potential genetic marker in understanding SZ, particularly in patients with a genetic SZ risk.
Correlation of Cenozoic dinoflagellate and nannoplankton zones from the NE Atlantic and NW Europe

Correlation of dinoflagellate and nannoplankton zones for the Tertiary of the NE Atlantic and NW Europe is introduced. The results have been obtained from the study of DSDP material (Legs 12 and 48, Rockall Plateau) and numerous Paleogene sections in NW Europe. Zusammenfassung. 1m folgenden Beitrag wird eine Korrelation der Dinoflagellatenund Nanno­ plankton-Zonen fur das Tertiar des NE-Atlantiks und NW-Europas vorgeschlagen. Die Ergebnisse beruhen auf der gemeinsamen Bearbeitung von DSDP-Material (Leg 12 und Leg 48, Rockall Plateau) sowie auf der Bearbeitung zahlreicher Palaogen-Profile aus NW-Europa. Resume. U ne correlation des zones de dinoflagellees et de nannoplankton est presentee pour Ie Tertiaire de l'Atiantique Nord et du NW de l'Europe. Ces resultats sont obtenus 11 partir des materiaux du DSDP (Legs 12 et 48, Plateau de Rockall) et de nombreuses coupes du Paleogene en NW de l'Europe. Introduction In recent years, Cenozoic dinoflagellate cysts have proved increasingly useful as biostrati­ graphic indices. Paleogene sequences in NW Europe and adjacent s helf are frequently ric h in t hese microfossils, w hic h have already been successfully applied to solving some of t he problems of correlation in t he region. In contrast, Neogene dinoflagellate cysts in t he area remain little known, alt hough t hey may occur abundantly in some localities, ego t he Nort h Sea. No standard Cenozoic dinoflagellate zonation is as yet available. T he sc hemes publis hed so far are mostly local and co ver only a restricted part of t he column, or t hey use a limited number of t he available species. However, t he number of widespread dinoflagellate species wit h restricted stratigrap hic range is hig h t hroughout t he Cenozoic, and t he local and/or partial sc hemes proposed can be combined into a zonation of regional application, particularly in t he Paleogene. T he succession of critical dinoflagellate species has been basically establis hed on t he study of on-shore European sections. Unfortunately, in many of t hese sequences, calcareous micro':. Authors' addresses: Dr. Lucy I. COSTA, Geology Department, The University, Mappin Street, Sheffield SI 3JD, U. K. Dr. CARLA MULLER, BEICIP, 366, Av. Napoleon Bonaparte, F-92S00 Rueil-Mal­ maison, France. 6 Newsletters 7 (2) (c) 2015 www.schweizerbart. com DOI:10.1127/nos/7/1978/65
Internal regulation between constitutively expressed T cell coinhibitory receptors BTLA and CD5 and tolerance in recent thymic emigrants

Several coinhibitory receptors are upregulated upon activation, whereas a small number of coinhibitory receptors are expressed constitutively by naive T cells. The relationship between constitutively expressed coinhibitors is unknown. We found an inverse relationship between two constitutively expressed coinhibitors, CD5 and BTLA; BTLA expression was low in the thymus and high in the periphery, corresponding respectively with high and low CD5 expression. Germline or induced deletion of Btla in somatic cells demonstrated a causal relationship between BTLA expression and CD5 levels in T cells of central and peripheral lymphoid tissues. The effect of BTLA on CD5 expression on thymic and peripheral CD4 T cells was due to BTLA signaling, rather than signaling by its ligand, the herpes virus mediator (HVEM). Regulation was maintained in mice with a non-signaling HVEM mutant but was lost in Tnfrsf14-/- (Hvem-/-) mice. Increased CD5 levels have been positively associated with increased recognition of self-peptide MHC complexes. Thus, control of CD5 expression by BTLA signals early in T cell ontogeny suggested that BTLA might be important for establishing self-tolerance in newly generated T cells. Consistent with this concept, we found that BTLA, as well as the inducible coinhibitor PD-1, were needed post thymic selection in recent thymic emigrants (RTE) to establish self-tolerance. RTE lacking BTLA caused a multiorgan autoimmune disease whose development required CD4 T cells and MHC class II. Together, our findings identify a negative regulatory pathway allowing constitutively expressed coinhibitory receptors to calibrate their expression in thymic T cell differentiation. Expression of constitutive and induced coinhibitory receptors is needed to establish tolerance in the periphery for RTE.
LoopSage: An Energy-Based Monte Carlo approach for the Loop Extrusion Modelling of Chromatin

The connection between the patterns observed in 3C-type experiments and the modeling of polymers remains unresolved. This paper presents a simulation pipeline that generates thermodynamic ensembles of 3D structures for topologically associated domain (TAD) regions by loop extrusion model (LEM). The simulations consist of two main components: a stochastic simulation phase, employing a Monte Carlo approach to simulate the binding positions of cohesins, and a dynamical simulation phase, utilizing these cohesins’ positions to create 3D structures. In this approach, the system’s total energy is the combined result of the Monte Carlo energy and the molecular simulation energy, which are iteratively updated. The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes are represented as loop extruders, while the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) locations on DNA sequence are modeled as energy minima on the Monte Carlo energy landscape. Finally, the spatial distances between DNA segments from ChIA-PET experiments are compared with the computer simulations, and we observe significant Pearson correlations between predictions and the real data. LoopSage model offers a fresh perspective on chromatin loop dynamics, allowing us to observe phase transition between sparse and condensed states in chromatin.
Neural Ensembles in the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Temporally Multiplex Task Features During Virtual Navigation

Neuronal populations can expand their information encoding capacity using mixed selective neurons. This is particularly prominent in association areas such as the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex (LPFC) that integrate information from multiple sensory systems. During naturalistic conditions where subjects have agency, it is unclear how LPFC neuronal ensembles process space and time varying information. Here we show that during a virtual navigation task that requires associative memory and decision making, individual neurons and neuronal ensembles in the LPFC time-multiplex their selectivity for different task features to fluidly encode the temporal contingencies of the task and the animal’s choice. Neurons in ventral regions showed more selectivity for non-spatial features, while dorsal regions showed selectivity for space and eye movements. These results demonstrate that during naturalistic tasks with fluid scenery and spatiotemporal dynamics, LPFC neurons and neuronal ensembles time-multiplex the components of their selectivity, expanding the spatiotemporal capacity of their neural codes.
Polarised subcellular activation of ROPs by specific ROPGEFs drives pollen germination in Arabidopsis thaliana

During plant fertilisation, excess male gametes compete for a limited number of female gametes. The dormant male gametophyte, encapsulated in the pollen grain, consists of two sperm cells enclosed in a vegetative cell. After reaching the stigma of a compatible flower, quick and efficient germination of the vegetative cell to a tip-growing pollen tube is crucial to ensure fertilisation success. RHO OF PLANTS (ROP) signalling and their activating ROP GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS (ROPGEFs) are essential for initiating polar growth processes in multiple cell types. However, which ROPGEFs activate pollen germination is unknown. We investigated the role of ROPGEFs in initiating pollen germination and the required cell polarity establishment. Of the five pollen-expressed ROPGEFs, we found that GEF8, GEF9, and GEF12 are required for pollen germination and male fertilisation success, as gef8;gef9;gef12 triple mutants showed almost complete loss of pollen germination in vitro and had a reduced allele transmission rate. Live cell imaging and spatiotemporal analysis of subcellular protein distribution showed that GEF8 and GEF9, but not GEF12, displayed transient polar protein accumulations at the future site of pollen germination minutes before pollen germination, demonstrating specific roles for GEF8 and GEF9 during the initiation of pollen germination. Furthermore, this novel GEF accumulation appears in a biphasic temporal manner and can shift its location. We showed that the C-terminal domain of GEF8 and GEF9 confers this protein accumulation and demonstrated that GEFs locally activate ROPs and alter Ca2+ signalling, which is required for pollen tube germination. We demonstrated that GEFs do not act redundantly during pollen germination and described for the first time a polar domain with spatiotemporal flexibility, which is crucial for the de novo establishment of a polar growth domain within a cell and, thus, for pollen function and fertilisation success.
Idiosyncratic pupil regulation in autistic children

Recent neuroimaging and eye tracking studies have suggested that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may exhibit more variable and idiosyncratic brain responses and eye movements than typically developing (TD) children. Here we extended this research for the first time to pupillometry recordings. We successfully completed pupillometry recordings with 103 children (66 with ASD), 4.5-years-old on average, who viewed three 90 second movies, twice. We extracted their pupillary time-course for each movie, capturing their stimulus evoked pupillary responses. We then computed the correlation between the time-course of each child and those of all others in their group. This yielded an average inter-subject correlation value per child, representing how similar their pupillary responses were to all others in their group. ASD participants exhibited significantly weaker inter-subject correlations than TD participants, reliably across all three movies. Differences across groups were largest in responses to a naturalistic movie containing footage of a social interaction between two TD children. This measure enabled classification of ASD and TD children with a sensitivity of 0.82 and specificity of 0.73 when trained and tested on independent datasets. Using the largest ASD pupillometry dataset to date, we demonstrate the utility of a new technique for measuring the idiosyncrasy of pupil regulation, which can be completed even by young children with co-occurring intellectual disability. These findings reveal that a considerable subgroup of ASD children have significantly more unstable, idiosyncratic pupil regulation than TD children, indicative of more variable, weakly regulated, underlying neural activity.
On the role of sea-state in bubble-mediated air-sea gas flux during a winter storm

Oceanic bubbles play an important role in the air-sea exchange of weakly soluble gases at moderate to high wind speeds. A Lagrangian bubble model embedded in a large eddy simulation model is developed to study bubbles and their influence on dissolved gases in the upper ocean. The transient evolution of mixed-layer dissolved oxygen and nitrogen gases at Ocean Station Papa (50oN, 145oW) during a winter storm are reproduced with the model. Among different physical processes, gas bubbles are the most important in elevating dissolved gas concentrations during the storm, while atmospheric pressure governs the variability of gas saturation anomaly (the relative departure of dissolved gas concentration from the saturation concentration). For the same wind speed, bubble-mediated gas fluxes are larger during rising wind with smaller wave age than during falling wind with larger wave age. Wave conditions are the primary cause for the bubble gas flux difference: When wind strengthens, waves are less-developed with respect to wind, resulting in more frequent large breaking waves. Bubble generation in large breaking waves is favorable for a large bubble-mediated gas flux. The wave age dependence is not included in any existing bubble-mediated gas flux parameterizations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
EECA Region SORT IT Short and long-term outcomes of video observed treatment in tuberculosis patients, the Republic of Moldova

Introduction: The Republic of Moldova is among the 18 high priority countries for tuberculosis (TB) in Europe. This study compared adherence and short and long-term TB treatment outcomes for TB patients who experienced asynchronous Video Observed Treatment (aVOT) during three months of outpatient treatment versus Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) in operational conditions in 2016-2017 in Chisinau. Methodology: We used secondary data from the 2016-2017 Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) that piloted the aVOT Strategy in Chisinau and data from the national TB register. Relative risk was selected as a measure of association in analysis of treatment strategies (aVOT and DOT under operational conditions) and short and long-term treatment outcomes. Results: From 647 TB patients included in the study, 169 followed the treatment strategy in the RCT (83 in aVOT and 86 in DOT) and 478 were on DOT in operational conditions. Those in aVOT were more likely to have favourable short-term outcome than patients with DOT in operational conditions (RR 0.07; p < 0.001). TB recurrence as an indicator for the long-term outcome, was observed in group with DOT in operational conditions (40 cases, p = 0.006). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the aVOT treatment strategy was associated with better adherence and both short and long-term TB treatment favourable outcomes. aVOT as a new patient-centred approach supporting TB patients on improving treatment adherence and outcomes might be recommended as an alternative to DOT strategy in the Republic of Moldova