Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
State of the Art of Thyroid Pathology: Fine-Needle Aspiration Diagnostic Accuracy in an Intermediate Center in Ibagué – Colombia

Background: In Colombia, thyroid cancer is the seventh cancer in incidence and mortality for both sexes. Currently, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the most used method for studying nodular lesions of the thyroid. Objective : To describe the characteristics of a sample of surgical specimens in a histopathological diagnostic center located in an intermediate city, correlate characteristics of PTC variants, and calculate diagnostic accuracy for FNA. Materials and methods : In this retrospective study, pathology report data was gathered from a diagnosis center; information was included from patients who underwent thyroid biopsy or resection between 2015 and 2022, with a total of 495 cases; information was gathered; and a statistical analysis was performed. Results : higher frequency for all thyroid pathologies in patients younger than 55 years of age. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was the most frequent diagnosis (42.7%) in men, while in hyperplasia was the most frequent in women (39.1%). Of all PTC diagnoses (n = 233), 77.6% had an additional diagnosis. Of previous FNA cases, 65.3% had a Bethesda score of II to IV, and 30.5% of those had a definitive carcinoma diagnosis. Conclusions : There is coexistence of benign thyroid diseases and PTC. FNA is essential for the initial histopathological study of thyroid lesions, but multiple factors may affect its diagnostic accuracy.
Liquefaction Testing of Stratified Silty Sands

The cyclic behavior of stratified silty sandy soils is at present poorly understood, yet these materials are commonly found in alluvial deposits and hydraulic fill, which have a history of liquefaction during earthquakes. The main objective of this research project was to compare the behavior of stratified and homogeneous silty sands during seismic liquefaction conditions for various silt contents and confining pressures. A comprehensive experimental program was undertaken in which a total of 150 stress-controlled undrained cyclic triaxial tests were performed. Two methods of sample preparation were used for each soil type. These methods included moist tamping (representing uniform soil conditions) and sedimentation (representing layered soil conditions). The silt contents ranged from 10 to 50%, and confining pressures in the range of 50 to 250 KPa were considered. The results indicated that the liquefaction resistances of layered and uniform soils are not significantly different, despite the fact that th.
Comparative analysis of PRNP 12-bp and 23-bp indels in healthy Aberdeen Angus, Aberdeen Angus x Hereford, Holstein Friesian and Uruguayan Creole cattle

ABSTRACT: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a transmissible progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of a pathological isoform (PrpSC) of the cellular prion protein (PrpC) in the brain of cattle. Two insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the PRNP gene (23bp in the promoter and 12bp in intron 1) have been associated with resistance or susceptibility to the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of these polymorphisms in 214 healthy bovines belonging to four different breed groups (Aberdeen Angus, Aberdeen Angus x Hereford, Holstein Friesian and Uruguayan Creole cattle). DNA samples were amplified by end-point PCR. A high frequency of the alleles and haplotype associated with susceptibility to BSE (del12 and del23, and del12-del23, respectively) were found in the Aberdeen Angus, Aberdeen Angus x Hereford and Holstein Friesian animals. At the same time, the Uruguayan Creole cattle presented a higher frequency of the alleles and haplotype associated with resistance to BSE (ins12 and ins23, and ins12-ins23, respectively). These data could indicate a greater genetic resistance of the Uruguayan Creole cattle to BSE compared to other analyzed breeds, reinforcing its value as a zoogenetic resource.
Termination of backarc spreading: Zircon dating of a giant oceanic core complex

The Godzilla megamullion is the largest oceanic core complex (OCC) currently known, and is adjacent to the spreading center of the Parece Vela Basin (PVB), an extinct backarc basin in the Philippine Sea. The duration and termination of tectonomagmatic processes during OCC formation are poorly constrained, due to the weak geomagnetic anomalies in the region. Zircon U-Pb dating of gabbroic and leucocratic rocks from the Godzilla megamullion reveals that fault-induced spreading over the ∼125 km length of the OCC lasted for ∼4 m.y. , with continuous magmatic accretion at the spreading axis. The latest magmatism constrains the cessation of PVB spreading to ca. 7.9 Ma or later, significantly younger than a previous estimate of ca. 12 Ma. The new ages show that backarc basin formation migrated to the present-day Mariana Trough soon after the cessation of spreading in the PVB.
Investigating subduction earthquake geology along the southern Hikurangi margin using palaeoenvironmental histories of intertidal inlets

Abstract Three marine inlets across the southern Hikurangi margin, New Zealand, are investigated for evidence of palaeocoseismic subsidence, a signal associated with great subduction earthquakes. Microfossil analyses and radiocarbon-dated shells from core samples show that none of the sites have subsided since 2000 cal yr BP. Pauatahanui Inlet has remained at the present elevation since 7000 cal yr BP, while Big Lagoon and south-eastern Lake Wairarapa both subsided c. 4 m between 6000 and 2000 cal yr BP. At Big Lagoon most or all of the subsidence was tectonic. At south-eastern Lake Wairarapa, however, sediment compaction caused some or all of the subsidence. Neither of the subsided sites contain sedimentary or palaeoenvironmental transitions suggestive of sudden, coseismic relative sea-level rise. One possible palaeotsunami deposit was found at Big Lagoon, coincident with a colluvial deposit, and two liquefaction layers were identified in south-eastern Lake Wairarapa.
Spectral Model for Wave Transformation and Breaking Over Irregular Bathymetry

A numerical model is presented that predicts the evolution of a directional spectral sea state over a varying bathymetry using superposition of results of a parabolic monochromatic wave model run for each initial frequency-direction component. The model predicts dissipation due to wave breaking using a statistical breaking model and has been tested with existing data for unidirectional random waves breaking over a plane beach. Experiments were also conducted for a series of random directional waves breaking over a circular shoal to test the model in a two-dimensional wave field. The model performs well in both cases, although directional effects are not included in the breaking dissipation formulation.
Effect of potassium chloride on cyclic behavior of expansive clays

Abstract Some clay minerals suffer significant swell and shrink when exposed to wetting and drying respectively. The different electrical forces acting within the particle-pore fluid system is one of the reasons behind this behavior. These forces are influenced by the type and concentration of ions present in the pore fluid. To study the effect of KCl on swelling characteristics of soil, three types of expansive soils were used having different initial plasticity indices. The soils were mixed with various proportions of KCl; these are: 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% by weight of dry soil. The purity of the used KCl was more than 99%. The investigation showed that the addition of 5.0% KCl was the most beneficial in reducing the optimum moisture content, increasing the maximum dry density, reducing the free swell and the swelling pressure. The main findings of this study were indicated by the cyclic tests of wetting and drying. Even for the extreme conditions where the soils were subjected to many cycles of wetting and drying the potassium ions (K+) seem not to be removed from the soil. Potassium ions are strongly bonded to the surface of the particles resulting in lowering the swelling and shrinkage magnitudes as well as the swell-shrink band. Again, the addition of 5.0% KCl gives the best enhancement. For the 5.0% proportion of KCl the improvement factors for swell and shrink are always greater than 40%.
An improved geomagnetic data selection algorithm for global geomagnetic field modelling

A spherical harmonic degrees 60, global internal field model is described (called BGS/G/L/0706). This model includes a degree 15 core and piecewise-linear secular variation model and is derived from quiet-time Orsted and CHAMP satellite data sampled between 2001.0 and 2005.0. For the satellite data selection, a wide range of geomagnetic index and other data selection filters have been used to best isolate suitably quiet magnetospheric and ionospheric conditions. Only a relatively simple, degree one spherical harmonic, external field model is then required. It is found that a new ‘Vector Magnetic Disturbance’ index (VMD), the existing longitude sector A indices, the auroral zone index IE, and the polar cap index PC are better than Kp and Dst at rejecting rapidly varying external field signals at low, middle, auroral and polar latitudes. The model quality is further enhanced by filling spatial and temporal gaps in the quiet data selection with a second selection containing slightly more disturbed data. It is shown that VMD provides a better parametrization than Dst of the large-scale, rapidly changing, external field. The lithospheric field model between degrees 16 and 50 is robust and displays good coherence with other recently published models for this epoch. BGS/G/L/0706 also shows crustal anomalies consistent with other studies, although agreement is poorer in the southern polar cap. Intermodel coherency reduces above about degree 40, most likely due to incompletely filtered signals from polar ionospheric currents and auroral field aligned currents. The absence of the PC index for the southern hemisphere for 2003 onwards is a particular concern.
Subcritical Open-Channel Junction Flow

This study presents an analytical approach for solving both the upstream-to-downstream depth ratio, Y¯, and the energy loss through junctions of equal-width subcritical flows over horizontal beds, based on three experimental test setups with junction angles, θ being 30°, 45°, and 60°. Under a known discharge ratio, Q¯, between upstream and downstream of main channel and a known downstream boundary condition, Y¯ is computed using a third-degree polynomial function. Y¯ is found to increase with increasing θ and with increasing Frd. The energy loss coefficient, Ke, through the junction is expressed as a function of Q¯, downstream Froude number, Frd, and Y¯. For Frd< (4Y¯6+ 2)1/2− 2Y¯3, it is found that Ke increases with increasing θ and Frd. The results of the analytical approach are found to be in fairly good agreement with the experimental values and the values obtained by other studies. The polynomial function is further transformed to an approximation equation allowing Y¯(Q¯−ΔQ¯) to be computed by Y¯(Q¯).
Airgap Flux Search Coil-Based Estimation of Permanent Magnet Temperature for Thermal Protection of PMSMs

Airgap flux monitoring, commonly used in wound field synchronous generators, has recently received a lot of attention for detecting faults in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM), since a low-cost airgap search coil can provide reliable detection of motor faults. In this article, the feasibility of using the airgap search coil for estimating the temperature of the PM, TPM, for thermal protection is evaluated for the first time. The model- or signal injection-based methods proposed for TPM estimation can provide satisfactory estimates of the average TPM for thermal protection. However, the complexity in the compensation required for non-ideal effects and/or the negative impact of high frequency signal injection can limit their practical use. The new TPM estimation method based on the airgap search coil voltage measurement proposed in this article does not require compensation for resistance variation or inverter non-linearity, or injection of high-frequency signals. In addition, it can provide detection of rotor faults, and thermal protection based on the TPM estimate of the hottest PM since individual PMs can be monitored. Experimental results on a 2.2 kW IPMSM verify the claims and show that the existing methods can be simplified with the proposed method.
Systematic analyses of the large‐scale topography and structure across the Dead Sea Rift

The Dead Sea Rift (DSR) is one of the deepest continental depressions on the Earth's surface and is the best example of a continental rift lying along a transform plate boundary (the Dead Sea Transform). We systematically analyze the large‐scale topography, structure, and morphology across the central part of the DSR between Lake Kinneret and the Gulf of Elat and show a distinct asymmetrical topographic pattern across the rift axis. The topography analysis uses a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of Israel and adjacent areas to plot a series of 64 profiles perpendicular to the rift axis. The profiles show that the eastern side is topographically higher than the western side and that its overall shape resembles an uplifted shoulder; the lower western side resembles an arch. This analysis also reveals along‐strike variations in the topography that allow us to subdivide the central DSR into five segments of similar topography. The large‐scale structure across the DSR is investigated by a series of 10 geological cross sections drawn perpendicular to the rift axis along the five segments. On the basis of the stratigraphic record and the geological history of the region, we identify a regional marker (Top Eocene Sequence) to trace the rift‐related structure. This marker shows that the structure parallels the topographic asymmetry across the rift axis: the rift's eastern margin is uplifted toward the axis, whereas the rift's western margin is downflexed toward the axis and defines a wide asymmetrical monocline. Our analyses indicate that (1) the large‐scale asymmetry across the DSR reflects a wide half‐graben structure (30–60 km wide), (2) the rift's eastern margin reflects broad regional uplift along the rift, and (3) the western side arching is a subsidary structure that follows the main rift structure.
The ability of two indigenous bacteria isolated from Moroccan olive tree to promote the growth of olive seedlings in the presence of the pathogen Verticillium dahliae

ABSTRACT The rhizosphere of olive trees (Olea europaea L.) is a source of bacteria with a high potential for biocontrol and plant growth promotion. In the present study, two native olive tree gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of century-old trees in the region of Zouala (south-eastern Morocco), known for its arid climate and saline soils. The strains Pantoea agglomerans and Enterobacter ludwigii exhibited high tolerance to high PEG and NaCl concentrations, and significant plant growth-promoting (PGP) potential in vitro. The two strains efficiently solubilised phosphate in its two forms (TCP and RP), and Mica as a source of potassium and produced IAA. The two strains exhibited in vitro inhibition ability against Verticillium dahliae with partial inhibition of the growth of the mycelium by the strain P. agglomerans MRC_ZO_17. Greenhouse experiments showed that olive tree seedlings treated with the E. ludwigii MRC_ZO_97 strain significantly improved growth (dry weight) in the presence and absence of the pathogen compared to untreated plants, while the P. agglomerans MRC_ZO_17 strain showed significant effects on seedling growth only in the presence of the pathogen V. dahliae OV1 defoliating pathotype. Both strains showed high exopolysaccharides (EPS) production and good biofilm formation, making them excellent plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) and Biological Control Agents (BCAs) with great potential to survive in soil under stress conditions.
Jointing in Central Alberta

Two orthogonal joint systems were mapped in the central Alberta plains. These are made up of sets striking approximately 55 and 140 degrees (roughly normal and parallel to the Rocky Mountains) and approximately 5 and 95 degrees. These systems are a continuation of systems mapped in southern Alberta (Babcock 1973). The set orientations persist across lithologic and stratigraphic boundaries. Jointing is attributed to extension fracturing with sets normal and parallel to the Rocky Mountains probably controlled by Laramide orogenic stresses; however, a parallelism between subsurface structural undulations (Robinson et al. 1969) and joints is noted.
δ15N of N2 in air trapped in polar ice: A tracer of gas transport in the firn and a possible constraint on ice age-gas age differences

With respect to gas transport the fim near the surface of an ice sheet can be divided into three zones. The uppermost is a “convective zone” located just below the surface of the ice sheet in which the air is rapidly flushed by convective exchange with the overlying atmosphere. Below the convective zone there is a “diffusive air column” in which diffusion is rapid but there is no convection. Between the bottom of the diffusive air column and the bubble close-off region there may be a “nondiffusive zone” in which diffusion is so slow that negligible gas transport occurs. The diffusive air column is characterized by progressive enrichment with depth of 15N in N2 (and heavy isotopes of gases in general) as predicted using the barometric equation. In this paper we present data on the δ15N of N2 in recently trapped air samples from 12 ice cores, along with numerous downcore samples from Byrd, Vostok, and Dome C. Bubble close-off depths for these cores (calculated from a densification model) ranged from 51 to 114 meters below the surface (mbs). We used these data and the barometric equation to calculate the thickness of the diffusive air column, and found that it comprised 46 to 93% of the total firn thickness at our study sites. Paleo-close-off depths calculated from the densification model for glacial sections of Byrd, Vostok, and Dome C are 15–25 m deeper than close-off depths today. Diffusive column heights, calculated from δ15N, varied in a more complex manner. The diffusive column height at Byrd appears to have decreased from 74 m during the last glacial period to 50 m during the Holocene. At Vostok and Dome C the diffusive column height calculated from 15N increase from about 65 m during the last glacial period to about 80 m in the Holocene. We use records of surface temperature and CO2 at Byrd and Vostok, along with their respective chronologies, to constrain the ice age - gas age difference (Δage) throughout the section of the Vostok ice core corresponding to the last glacial termination. In principle, Δage values calculated from these data can be used to discriminate whether gas in the fim mixes to the bubble close-off depth or to a depth equivalent to the diffusive column height. In practice, however, uncertainties in the chronology of Byrd and Vostok are too great to allow us to distinguish between these two possibilities. One can only say that at the time of the last termination, Δage for Vostok was between 3 and 10.5 kyr. Previous estimates fall within this range.
Electron spin resonance (ESR) and thermal ionization mass spectrometric (TIMS) 230Th/234U dating of teeth in Middle Paleolithic layers at Amud Cave, Israel

Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating and thermal ionization mass spectrometric 230Th/234U dating was conducted on six teeth from the prehistoric site of Amud Cave. By combining the ESR and 230Th/234U analyses, we obtained burial ages for teeth in various layers of the site. Layer B1/6–7, from which the Amud I Neanderthal skeleton was recovered, is dated to 53 ± 8 ka. Layer B2/8, which yielded other important human remains including the Amud 7 skeleton, gives a mean burial age of 61 ± 9 ka. One tooth from the lowest layer (B4) yielded a date of 70 ± 11 ka, but another tooth from this layer gave an 113 ± 18 ka. Despite this discrepancy, these ages agree with previously published TL ages on heated flints for the corresponding layers. This agreement between ESR on tooth enamel and TL on burned flint is also seen at all other sites studied with both methods in Israel. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Postdepositional losses of methane sulfonate, nitrate, and chloride at the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica deep-drilling site in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

nitrate and typically 51 ± 20% of MSAwere lost, while for chloride, no significant depletion could be observed in firn older than one year. Assuming a first order exponential decay rate, the characteristic e-folding time for MSAis 6.4 ± 3 years and 19 ± 6 years for nitrate. It turns out that for nitrate and MSAthe typical mean concentrations representative for the last 100 years were reached after 5.4 and 6.5 years, respectively, indicating that beneath a depth of around 1.2-1.4 m postdepositional losses can be neglected. In the area of investigation, only MSAconcentrations and postdepositional losses showed a distinct dependence on snow accumulation rate. Consequently, MSA � concentrations archived at this site should be significantly dependent on the variability of annual snow accumulation, and we recommend a corresponding correction. With a simple approach, we estimated the partial pressure of the free acids MSA, HNO3, and HCl on the basis of Henry's law assuming that ionic impurities of the bulk ice matrix are localized in a quasi-brine layer (QBL). In contrast to measurements, this approach predicts a nearly complete loss of MSA � ,N O3 , and Cl � . INDEX TERMS: 0322 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks; 0330 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Geochemical cycles; 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; 1827 Hydrology: Glaciology (1863); 1863 Hydrology: Snow and ice (1827); KEYWORDS: postdepositional loss, snow chemistry, methane sulfonate