Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of influenza A (H9N2) virus infection among humans in China: A meta-analysis.

Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis aimed at comprehensively assessing avian influenza A (H9N2) virus infection seroprevalence and infection-related risk factors among humans in China. We reviewed published studies pertaining to H9N2 seroprevalence of in China from inception to March 20, 2020, with PubMed, Clinical Trial, VIP, CNKI and databases being used to identify English and Chinese articles. After excluding the incomplete literature and data, 45 studies about risk factor of human H9N2 viral infections in China were analyzed by systematic review and meta-analysis. Our results showed that 45 studies (59,590 total patients) met the inclusion criteria. Overall H9N2 infection seroprevalence in China was estimated to be 5.56% (95%CI = 3.88-7.28), while that from central China the seroprevalence was 22.72% (95%CI = 12.18-33.84), with this prevalence being greater than that observed in other regions. H9N2 infection seroprevalence was related to sampling time, testing methodology, gender, and other demographic factors. This review will provide a basis for further understanding the risk factors of H9N2 infections in China, and it is necessary to study how to formulate strict and targeted measures to prevent the spread of the virus.
Medicinal Potential, Utilization and Domestication Status of Bitter Kola (Garcinia kola Heckel) in West and Central Africa

Garcinia kola Heckel (Clusiaceae), known as bitter kola, is a multipurpose tree indigenous to West and Central Africa. This highly preferred species is called “wonder plant” because all of its parts can be used as medicine. Its seeds, the most valued product of the tree, are commonly eaten to prevent/cure gastric disorders and for their typical astringent taste. There is a vast evidence that bioactive components of the seeds can serve as alternative medicine to treat/prevent severe illnesses such as malaria, hepatitis and immune-destructive diseases. Despite the species’ pharmaceutical potential and its high preference by West and Central African communities, G. kola is still at the beginning of its domestication process. Even though, there are numerous scientific articles published on species‘ biological activities, it is a difficult task to find basic information on its diversity, distribution, genetics, silvicultural management or botany. Therefore, in this very first review published on G. kola, we summarize all relevant information known about the species, target some of the challenges connected with its cultivation and propose a leading direction for future research and domestication process.
FACTORS AFFECTING WATER MIGRATION IN FROZEN SOILS

Abstract : Soil-water potential was measured on three soils and influencing factors, including water content, soil texture, dry density and temperature, were investigated. The soil-water potential in unsaturated, unfrozen soils decreases with decreasing soil water content and soil dispersion, and increases with increasing temperature and dry density. Unfrozen water contents were determined by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance and three factors thought of affect the unfrozen water content at a given temperature were investigated. Of these three factors, only increasing the salt concentration caused a large change in the unfrozen water versus temperature curves. Water migration in an unsaturated frozen soil (Morin clay) was determined in horizontally closed soil columns under linear temperature gradients. The flux of water migration was calculated from the water distribution curves before and after testing. The flux is directly proportional to the temperature gradient and inversely proportional to the square root of the test duration, and decreases with decreasing temperature and soil dry density.
Emergency Measures for Equity Trading: The Case Against Short-Selling Bans and Stock Exchange Shutdowns

After the COVID-19 crisis struck, equity prices abruptly plunged across the world. The clear prospect of an almost unprecedented decrease in supply and demand, coupled with extreme uncertainty about the longer-term prospects for the economy worldwide, justified the price adjustments. Yet, in conditions of plummeting prices and high volatility, policymakers around the world felt under pressure ‘to do something’ to stop the downward trend in market prices. As was the case during the financial crises of 2008-09 and 2011-12, these pressures have quickly led to the adoption of market-wide short-selling bans. In addition, both in Europe and in the US, there have been calls for an even more drastic measure: a lasting ‘stock exchange holiday’. This chapter reviews the evidence on the effects of short-selling bans during the financial crisis and discusses the merits of stock exchange holidays and concludes that neither of these measures bring benefits to financial markets.
Analysis of the microclimatic behavior of a greenhouse used to produce carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)

Carnation production in Colombia, the world’s main exporter, takes place entirely in naturally ventilated greenhouses. This type of structure presents non-homogeneous microclimate conditions which differentially affect crop growth and development, which is why this issue has been of great research interest in recent years. The objective was to determine the microclimatic behavior of a passive spatial-type greenhouse used in Colombia for carnation production. The experimental approach included the collection of meteorological data in the external environment through a weather station and in the inside of the greenhouse through a grid of 40 sensors uniformly distributed in a horizontal plane. Data processing to determine the spatial variability of temperature, relative humidity and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is done by using geostatistical techniques and predicting these variables at unsampled points through the ordinary Kriging method. The main results obtained allowed us to determine that the conditions generated inside the greenhouse are not the optimal ones recommended for carnation production and that, in addition, the behavior of the variables studied shows a heterogeneous distribution, obtaining spatial variations in the horizontal profile evaluated for the night period of 0.5 °C, 9.1% and 1.5 kPa and for the daytime period of 7.2 °C, 42.6% and 1.5 kPa for temperature, humidity and VPD respectively.
Evaluation of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Lesions: A Teaching Hospital Based Study

Background: FNAC is a cytodiagnostic method based on the morphological findings of individual cells, group of cells, and microparticles of tissue, acquired using a needle. The role of FNAC for the diagnosis of salivary gland masses is well documented. The traditional open biopsy is no longer justified because of the risk of tumor spillage and damage to the facial nerve.Subjects and Methods:FNAC procedure was explained to the patient and patient was placed in a comfortable position. They were then subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology. Aspirations were carried out with 21 or 22 gauge needles of varying lengths with 10 ml syringes in a syringe holder after careful clinical examination of the lesion.Results:Chronic sialadenitis was the most common non-neoplastic lesion (13.2%) followed by cystic lesions (5.3%), acute on chronic sialadenitis (3.9%) and chronic granulomatous inflammation (2.6%). Pleomorphic adenoma (57.9%) was the most common benign neoplasm. Warthin’stumour accounted for (6.6%). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion (5.3%) followed by acinic cell carcinoma (1.3%), carcinoma-ex pleomorphic adenoma (1.3%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (2.6%). Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology of the salivary gland is a safe and reliable technique in the primary diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Although, limitations are encountered while predicting specific lesions on cytology, especially when dealing with cystic and some malignant lesions.
Manual Defoliation Treatments Affected Yield and Cluster Quality of Grapevines Cv. Crimson Seedless

This study has proceeded during 2018 and 2019 vintages for resolving the major problems which facing Crimson seedless grapevines production e.g., lack of anthocyanin accumulation at ripening and bunch rot incidence by Botrytis cinerea. So, Crimson grapevines were defoliated at preand post-blooming by removing eight basal leaves or by removing four leaves before and after blooming (three treatments) in addition to the control. The pre-blooming defoliation of grapevines enhanced vegetative growth conditions and gave a satisfying yield with the good coloring of cluster berries and fewer rot infections.
Extracellular matrix degradation by host matrix metalloproteinases in restorative dentistry and endodontics: An overview

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of over 25 secreted and membrane-bound enzymes responsible for pericellular substrate degeneration. In response to injury, they play key roles in morphogenesis, wound healing, tissue repair and remodeling. They have been isolated from dentin, odontoblasts, pulp and periapical tissue. They play a major role in the formation of dentin matrix and secondary and tertiary dentin. These are also responsible for releasing dentinal growth factors. MMP family proteins elicit a dual role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, stimulating protective innate and/or adaptive immune functions, as well as tissue destruction. The main organic component of tooth structure is collagen, and MMPs that degrade collagen and the extracellular matrix have been implicated in the progression of dental caries, dental erosion as well as degradation of the hybrid layer. MMPs have also been shown to be active in pulpitis, and studies have shown that they can be used as diagnostic markers of pulpal and periapical inflammation. This review describes the role of MMPs in dental caries, dental erosion, bond stability as well as in pulpal and periapical inflammation.
Interactive Training and Education Improves Basic Hypertension Knowledge of Woman Cadres in Surabaya

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of premature death and disability. Interactive education and training are potentially used to improve hypertension knowledge. AIM: This study aimed to identify the impact of training and education programs toward knowledge in hypertension for women cadres. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Surabaya, Indonesia, involving 100 women cadre. The data were collected through interviews, pre- and post-training using a validated researcher-made questionnaire of demographic characteristics, and knowledge tests of hypertension. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21. RESULTS: Knowledge of cadre was significantly increased by 50% after the training and education program (p < 0.001). The median score of the pre-test and post-test was 40.00 (30.00–50.00) and 60.00 (50.00–70.00), respectively. The level of education found to have a negative correlation with the post-test score (p = 0.008). There was no difference in knowledge increment after training among age groups (p = 0.261), marital status (p = 0.849), or occupations type (p = 0.827). CONCLUSION: Training and education programs significantly improve the hypertension knowledge of woman cadre. This method can be a preferable early public health intervention to tackle hypertension.
Barriers to Covid-19 RT-PCR Testing in Indonesia: A Health Policy Perspective

Abstract. Indonesia has been facing a hard time accelerating the number of laboratory capacity. This study provides an overview of the data on daily tests, confirmed cases, and the challenge of Covid-19 control associated with government policy. This study utilizes data reported from 2 March to 29 April 2020 by online official sources and regulations. Initially, the government only trusted one lab for the Covid-19 test. As the number of cases increased, referral labs were increased, until 29 April 2020, there were 89 officially appointed laboratories. The daily number of testing results fluctuated and unstable, although the number of reference labs increases. This reflects implementation challenges from different factors: readiness and capacity between labs; availability of swab collection officers; availability of reagents in the lab; rules for lab officers and swab collection officers; and transportation for a specimen from health facility to the referral lab. This study recommends to ensure the lab readiness in terms of human resources, tools, and reagents when appointed; ensure the adequacy and quality of qualified laboratory staff & swab collectors; ensure adequate reagents for RT-PCR, and rearrangement of shift rules for lab & swab collection officers, and improve handling procedures and transport specimen delivery mechanisms. Abstrak. Indonesia kesulitan melakukan percepatan jumlah kapasitas laboratorium (Lab). Tujuan studi mereview hasil testing harian, kasus terkonfirmasi, dan tantangan imlementasi penanganan Covid-19 dikaitkan dengan kebijakan pemerintah. Analisis studi memanfaatkan data sekunder, periode 2 Maret sampai 29 April 2020, yang dilaporkan berbagai website resmi dan kajian regulasi. Awalnya pemerintah hanya percaya satu lab untuk testing Covid-19. Seiring bertambahnya kasus, jumlah lab rujukan ditambah, sampai tanggal 29 April 2020 sudah 89 lab yang ditunjuk resmi. Hasil testing harian memperlihatkan angka yang berfluktuasi. Ini mencerminkan tantangan implementasi dari berbagai faktor: kesiapan dan kapasitas antar laboratorium; ketersediaan & kemampuan petugas pengumpul swab; ketersediaan reagen di laboratorium; aturan untuk petugas lab dan petugas pengumpul swab; dan transportasi untuk spesimen dari fasilitas kesehatan ke laboratorium rujukan. Studi ini merekomendasikan untuk memastikan kesiapan laboratorium dalam hal sumber daya manusia, alat, dan reagen ketika ditunjuk; memastikan kecukupan dan kualitas petugas lab & pengambil swab mumpuni; memastikan kecukupan logistik reagen untuk RT-PCR; dan penataan ulang aturan shift untuk petugas lab & pengumpul swab, dan meningkatkan prosedur penanganan dan mekanisme transportasi pengiriman specimen.
IDENTIFYING DYNAMIC BRAND COMPETITION ON ONLINE MARKETPLACES THROUGH CONSUMERS’ CONSIDERATION SETS

Brands in online marketplaces are constantly faced with the challenge of identifying market structure and analyzing competitiveness. To address that lacuna, we model brands’ competition through consumers’ consideration sets. We draw on a dataset of 6,549,484 records over a period of 10 weeks from one of the biggest online marketplaces in China and employ network analysis to predict sales. We explore the relationship between products’ network position and brands’ sales volume through the local and global centrality and closure, and we depict the redistribution of market-share of related products after brands adjust production line length. Our analysis suggest that the span of structural holes of a brand negatively influences sales volume, while betweenness and degree centrality have a positive impact. Our findings show that the relationship among products of a brand has a significantly greater impact on sales volume compared to the relationships among brands, and the intra-brand product relationship is the main reason for sales volume fluctuations. We contribute to understandings of brand dynamic competition in online marketplaces and discuss the significance of our findings for brand competition in online marketplaces, while we draw an agenda for future research on the topic.
THE SPECTRUM OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY AT MERPATI CLINIC, BALI, INDONESIA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Objective : Infections contributed to higher morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to describe the spectrum of opportunistic infections (OIs) and associated factors among PLWHA on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at Merpati Clinic, Wangaya Regional General Hospital in Denpasar, Bali. Methods : This was a retrospective study. All of PLWHA, who still receiving HAART at Merpati Clinic from January 2018 to January 2020, who met inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included as subjects in this study. All data were collected through a review of the complete medical record of patients. Results : The prevalence of OIs in this study was 43.4%. Most PLWHA who experienced OIs were male (68.8%), age ≤ 40 y old with a median of age 36 y old, educational status senior high school (57.7%), married (62.1%), employed (89.7%), CD4 cell count ≥ 200 cells/µl (67.6%) and transmission route of HIV non-Intravenous (IV) drug user (99.2%). Sex, age, marital status, and CD4 cell count were significantly associated with OIs, p=0.000, p=0.005, p=0.005, and p=0.000, respectively. Conclusion : The commonest OI in this study was pulmonary tuberculosis. The presence of OIs was associated with sex, age of HIV diagnosis, marital status, and CD4 cell count. With the knowledge of OIs spectrum, clinicians are expected to be able to prevent, diagnose and treat OIs promptly to decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by OIs efficiently.
Comparative Modeling, Toxin-Ion Channel Interactions, Quantum Based Molecular Dynamics and Simulation Studies on Potassium Channel Toxin Alpha-KTx 1.11 Blockers, Slotoxin from Centruroides Noxius

A serious of biological studies proves the functions of ion channel proteins and its function. Toxin is one of the best tool reveals the information about ion channels. Slotoxin, from Centruroides noxius plays an important role on blocking of calcium activated potassium channels. In this study we predicted 3D structure slotoxin using comparative modeling method. The predicted model shows 100% residues in allowed conformation. Then protein-protein interaction studies were performed with ion channel protein using ZDOCK and refined with RDOCK and obtained best RDock score of 96.331. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies carried out to know the binding potency and intermolecular interactions. From the overall study we identified the key residues responsible for inhibitions are Thr1, Cys7, Thr8, Lys11, Cys28, Lys31 and Tyr36. The total energy of the protein-protein complex were -7830.152 kcal/mol. The result of these studies will used for identifying a better inhibitor to neutralize the effect of toxin in future.
Fungal Bioaerosols in Indoor Air Environments of Health Services Vocational School in Marmaris, Turkey

Saglik Hizmetleri Meslek Yuksekokulu kapali alanlarinda fungal biyoaerosolleri belirlemeyi amaclayan bu calismada ofis, sinif, yemekhane ve kantin ic ortam havalarindan toplam 50 ornekleme yapilmistir. Ornekler, yerden 1.5 metre yukseklikte Rosebengal Chloramphenicol Agar iceren petrilerin kapaklari 30 dakika sureyle acik birakilarak alinmistir. Elde edilen funguslar teshis amaciyla Czapek Dox Agar ve Malt Extract Agar besiyerlerine ekilerek 270C’de iki hafta inkube edilmistir. Inkubasyondan sonra morfolojik ve mikroskobik incelemeler yapilarak ilgili referanslar yardimiyla funguslar teshis edilmislerdir. Sonucta 12 cinse ait 27 mikrofungus turu belirlenmistir. Dominant olarak elde edilen mikrofungus cinsleri sirasiyla Cladosporium, Alternaria, Acremonium ve Aspergillus, mikrofungus turu ise Cladosporium herbarum’dur. Fungal biyoaerosol duzeylerinin, ornekleme yapilan butun alanlarda kabul edilebilir degerleri asmadigi gorulmustur. Bu arastirmada insan sagligini etkileyen funguslarin bulunmus olmasi, ic ortam hava kalitesinin belirli surelerle kontrol edilmesi ve konu ile ilgili calismalarin daha cok yapilmasi gerekliligini ortaya cikarmistir.
Mild steam explosion followed by kraft cooking and oxygen delignification of spruce (Picea abies).

The paper considers mild steam explosion as an initial biorefinery process step to make wood more accessible for chemicals and enzymes in subsequent extraction and isolation procedures. Wood chips were exploded at four and seven bars and the effects of the treatments were followed during both kraft cooking and oxygen delignification. The properties of the unbleached and bleached pulps, including kappa number, pulp yield, fibre length, intrinsic viscosity, chemical composition and ISO brightness, were analysed using standard methods. The findings showed a difference between treatment at four and seven bars, as the higher pressure leads to more significant visual changes as well as somewhat increased degradation of hemicelluloses. These changes however, have no apparent significant negative effect on the final pulp properties. To the contrary, a benefit of steam treatment seems that the time to reach a certain kappa number was slightly reduced with steam-exploded wood chips.
Effect of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Dry Extract to the Level of Malondialdehyde

Increased age causes an increase in degenerative diseases. Antioxidants in the body unable to neutralize the increased concentration of free radicals. The flesh of the Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl contains flavonoids which have antioxidant effects. At present, there are still very limited clinical trials of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. This study was an experimental pretest and posttest involving 30 healthy volunteers receiving glucose loads in November 2018–February 2019 in Jakarta. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant effect of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl dry fruit extract in various dosage ranges. Subjects of this study aged 30–55 years. The data collection included anthropometric examination and malondialdehyde levels before and after administration of dry fruit extract doses of 62.5 mg, 125 mg, and 250 mg at 150 minutes after oral glucose induction. Data analysis using a paired t test with p<0.05. Decreased levels of malondialdehyde in the administration of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl with a dose of 62.5 mg, 125 mg, and 250 mg by 40.9%, 22.9%, and 18.3% compared to the baseline malondialdehyde level (1,608 nmol/mL). Statistical analysis using a paired t test showed p=0.000 for all three doses compared with baseline levels. Dry fruit extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl has an antioxidant effect; the antioxidant effect of the extract is not directly proportional to the dose. EFEK ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK KERING PHALERIA MACROCARPA (SCHEFF.) BOERL TERHADAP KADAR MALONDIALDEHID Pertambahan usia menyebabkan peningkatan penyakit degeneratif. Antioksidan dalam tubuh tidak mampu menetralkan peningkatan konsentrasi radikal bebas. Daging buah Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl mengandung flavonoid mempunyai efek antioksidan. Saat ini masih sangat terbatas uji klinis Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. Penelitian ini merupakan uji eksperimental sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada 30 sukarelawan sehat yang diinduksi dengan glukosa yang dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2018–Februari 2019 di Jakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai efek antioksidan ekstrak kering buah Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl dalam beberapa kisaran dosis yang diberikan. Subjek penelitian berusia 30–55 tahun. Pengumpulan data meliputi pemeriksaan antropometri serta kadar malondialdehid sebelum dan sesudah pemberian ekstrak kering dosis 62,5 mg, 125 mg, dan 250 mg pada menit 150 setelah dilakukan induksi glukosa oral. Analisis data menggunakan uji t berpasangan dengan p<0,05. Penurunan kadar malondialdehid pada pemberian ekstrak Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl dosis 62,5 mg, 125 mg, dan 250 mg sebesar 40,9%, 22,9%, dan 18,3% dibanding dengan kadar malondialdehid sebelum pemberian (1.608 nmol/mL). Analisis statistik menggunakan uji t berpasangan didapatkan p=0,000 untuk ketiga dosis dibanding dengan kadar awal. Ekstrak kering buah Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl mempunyai efek antioksidan; efek antioksidan ekstrak tidak berbanding lurus dengan dosis.