Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cosmological Constraints from Observed Cluster X-Ray Morphologies

We use a representative sample of 65 galaxy clusters observed with the Einstein IPC to constrain the range of cluster X-ray morphologies. We develop and apply quantitative and reproducible measures to constrain the intrinsic distributions of emission weighted centroid variation, axial ratio, orientation, and the radial fall--off. We then use the range of cluster X--ray morphologies to constrain three generic cosmological models (Omega=1, Omega_0=0.2, and Omega_0=0.2 & lambda_0=0.8). For each of these models, we evolve eight sets of Gaussian random initial conditions consistent with an effective power spectrum $P(k)\propto k^{-1}$ on cluster scales. Using this sample of 24 numerical cluster simulations, we compare the X--ray morphologies of the observed and simulated clusters. The comparisons indicate that: (i) cluster centroid variations, axial ratios, and radial fall-offs are sensitive to the underlying cosmological model, and (ii) galaxy clusters with the observed range of X--ray morphologies are very unlikely in low Omega_0 cosmologies. The analysis favors the Omega=1 model, though some discrepancies remain. We discuss the effects of changing the initial conditions and including additional physics in the simulations.
THE ENERGY OF DETONATION

In this paper the energy of detonation is calculated for a '"gamia law" gas using two simple models for the hydrocynamic problem. In the first a Taylor wave expansion follows the detonation. In the second a piston follows the detonated gas to maintain a constant pressure in it. The energy distribution in the Taylor wave is found for the case gamma equal to ,. It is shown that the average energy release by the chemical reaction per gram is given by: eo Pl/2(y 1)/o where P, is the C-J pressure andePo is the initial loading density to produce that pressure. The value of gamma, taken as constant, can be evaluated from detonation pressure data. These approximate results should be of use in gairing an understanding of the disposition of energy in a detonating charge of finite dimensions. Approved by: ABLARD, Chief -kplosives Research Department
GENDER'S ROLE IN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND PURCHASING DECISIONS ON THE QUALITY OF DUAL-EARNER FAMILY MARRIAGE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The misalignment of gender roles can affect the quality of marriage because it causes conditions of injustice, and one of the parties will be harmed. This study aims to determine the effect of gender roles in financial management and purchasing decisions on the quality of family marriages during the Covid-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study design was used in the study. The method used is self-management with an online questionnaire. The study was conducted in DKI Jakarta, which was selected purposively. The voluntary sampling technique was used to obtain 106 working wives who have children and are domiciled in DKI Jakarta. The collected data were processed using Microsoft Office Excel software, Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 25.0 for windows, and Smart Partial Least Square (SmartPLS). The results showed that the amount of education and income of husbands, children, family size, and gender roles in financial management and purchasing decisions were related to marriage quality. Furthermore, the regression test results show that the husband's income and gender roles in purchasing decisions positively affect the quality of marriage. This study suggests that families further improve the distribution of balanced roles in financial management activities and strategies to improve role performance.
Kernel correlation as an affinity measure in point-sampled vision problems

Range sensors, such as laser range finder and stereo vision systems, return point-samples of a scene. Typical point-sampled vision problems include registration, regularization and merging. We introduce a robust distance minimization approach to solving the three classes of problems. The approach is based on correlating kernels centered at point-samples, a technique we call kernel correlation. Kernel correlation is an affinity measure, and it contains an M-estimator mechanism for distance minimization. Kernel correlation is also an entropy measure of the point set configuration. Maximizing kernel correlation implies enforcing compact point set. The effectiveness of kernel correlation is evaluated by the three classes of problems. First, the kernel correlation based registration method is shown to be efficient, accurate and robust, and its performance is compared with the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. Second, kernel correlation is adopted as an object space regularizer in the stereo vision problem. Kernel correlation is discontinuity preserving and usually can be applied in large scales, resulting in smooth appearance of the estimated model. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. Finally, kernel correlation plays a point-sample merging role in a multiple view stereo algorithm. Kernel correlation enforces smoothness on point samples from all views, not just within a single view. As a result we can put both the photo-consistency and the model merging constraints into a single energy function. Convincing reconstruction results are demonstrated.
Effect of Object-Oriented Physics Learning on Students' Abilities to Interpret and Make Reasoning about Data

This study aims to develop students' abilities in interpreting and making reasoning about physics data. The type of research used is experimental research. Physics learning was carried out in two classes: control and experimental groups. In the experimental group, physics learning was oriented to student activities where students dealt with physics objects. In contrast, in the control group, physics was taught conventionally by applying direct learning. The ability to interpret and to make reasoning about data was obtained through written tests conducted on pre-test and post-test. Analysis of research data was carried out by qualitative descriptive and t-test statistical analysis. The descriptive analysis was performed to describe students' abilities to interpret and to make reasoning about data. A statistical t-test analysis was conducted to determine the difference in the impact of treatment on the two groups. The results showed that the average ability to interpret data and to make reasoning about data in the experimental group was 76.91 and 76.99, respectively, while in the control group, it was 53.33 and 63.08, respectively. The results of the t-test analysis showed that the 2-way (t-tailed) significance value was 0.000 < 0.05, so it could be stated that there was a difference in ability between the control group and the experimental group. Based on the results of these studies, it can be noted that learning physics that involves a lot of student activities that interact directly with physics objects can improve the skills of high school students in interpreting and reasoning scientific data.
Students’ Perceptions of Factors Influencing the Adoption and Use of ICT in Learning during COVID-19 at One Rural Based South African University

This study examines students’ perceptions of factors influencing the adoption and use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in learning during Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) at one rural based South African University. To continue with learning under the COVID-19 pandemic conditions higher education institutions migrated to online teaching and learning platforms. The transition towards online learning took place in background where even prior COVID 19 most institutions were faced with the challenge of promoting students’ adoption and use of ICT in their learning. The Technology Acceptability Model (TAM) is an information system theory that looks at various individual aspects that influence actual technology usage and acceptance. As such, there is a growing research interest to explore students’ perceptions of factors that influence their use of ICT in their learning at higher education institutions subsequently studies that focuses on rural based context are still limited. Resultantly, guided by the theoretical constructs from the TAM this study applied a census approach and used a quantitative technique to examine the perception that affect students’ acceptance and use of ICT in their learning. The study discovered a significant correlation between attitude towards use (U), perceived ease of use (PEOU), behavioural intention (BI), and perceived usefulness (PU), all of which have a substantial impact on students' perceptions and acceptance of ICT use in their learning. Nonetheless, the results showed that no significant correlations exist between external variables (EV) and ICT actual system uses. Based on these findings, this study concluded that insights from the findings on students’ the adoption and use of ICT in learning is affected by several perceptions, behavioural intention, and perceived ease of use of technology. Such insights provide policy makers with an indication of students’ perceptions that should be considered when designing strategies an polices aimed at enhancing student’s adoption and use of technology in learning in rural based South Africa University during and post COVID-19 pandemic.
A deep ROSAT survey - I. The QSO X-ray luminosity function.

We have used a new sample of 42 QSOs, identified at faint flux limits [S(0.5-2 keV)>6×10 −15 erg s −1 cm −2 ] by the ROSAT satellite, to extend the coverage of the QSO X-ray luminosity function (XLF) at low luminosities ( 0.5). By combining this sample with the EMSS survey, we confirm that the z=0 XLF exhibits a break at low luminosities, L X * (0)=10 43.9±0.1 erg s −1
agronomy Research Trends and Challenges of Using CRISPR/Cas9 for Improving Rice Productivity

: Nowadays, rice production faces signiﬁcant challenges due to population pressure, global climate change, and outbreak of various pests and diseases. Breeding techniques used to improve rice traits include mutant breeding, cross breeding, heterogeneity, transformation, molecular markers, genome-wide association study (GWAS), and so on. Since the recently developed CRISPR/Cas9 technology can directly target a speciﬁc part of a desired gene to induce mutation, it can be used as a powerful means to expand genetic diversity of crops and develop new varieties. So far, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been used for improving rice characteristics such as high yield, good quality, abundant nutrition, pest and disease resistance, herbicide resistance, and biotic and abiotic stress resistance. This review highlights the mechanisms and optimization of the CRISPR system and its application to rice crop, including resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and improved rice quality and yield. also had better sensitivity to ABA and drought stress. These results indicate that OsERA1 in rice can serve
Low rank extremal PPT states and unextendible product bases

It is known how to construct, in a bipartite quantum system, a unique low rank entangled mixed state with positive partial transpose (a PPT state) fr om an unextendible product basis (a UPB), defined as an unextendible set of orthogonal product ve ctors. We point out that a state constructed in this way belongs to a continuous family of entangled PPT states of the same rank, all related by non-singular product transformations, unitary or non-unitary. The characteristic prop
Periodic Solutions of an N-Body Problem

This thesis develops methods to identify periodic solutions to the n-body problem by representing gravitational orbits with Fourier series. To find periodic orbits, a minimization function was developed that compares the second derivative of the Fourier series with Newtonian gravitation acceleration and modifies the Fourier coefficients until the orbits match. Software was developed to minimize the function and identify the orbits using gradient descent and quadratic curves. A Newtonian gravitational simulator was developed to read the initial orbit data and numerically simulate the orbits with accurate motion integration, allowing for comparison to the Fourier series orbits and investigation of their stability. The orbits found with the programs correlate with orbits from literature, and a number remain stable when simulated.
Strong bifurcation loci of full Hausdorff dimension

In the moduli space $\mathcal{M}_d$ of degree $d$ rational maps, the bifurcation locus is the support of a closed $(1,1)$ positive current $T_\bif$ which is called the bifurcation current. This current gives rise to a measure $\mu_\bif:=(T_\bif)^{2d-2}$ whose support is the seat of strong bifurcations. Our main result says that $\supp(\mu_\bif)$ has maximal Hausdorff dimension $2(2d-2)$. As a consequence, the set of degree $d$ rational maps having $2d-2$ distinct neutral cycles is dense in a set of full Hausdorff dimension.
Determining the Prevalence of Hepatitis Delta Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and HIV Among Mothers and Infants with Hepatitis B Virus Chronic Infection

Background: Infection with hepatitis B, C, and delta viruses (HBV/HCV/HDV) caused by mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is still a serious health problem worldwide. Coinfection with HBV/HDV or HCV has been shown to accelerate the progression of chronic HBV infection, resulting in higher mortality. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-HCV, anti-HDV, and anti-HIV antibodies in mothers with chronic HBV infection and their infants. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 mothers with chronic HBV (hepatitis B surface antigen-positive [HBsAg+]/hepatitis B core antibody-positive [HBcAb+]) and their infants between 2020 and 2021 in northeastern Iran. The presence of serological markers of HBV, anti-HCV, anti-HDV, and HIV antibodies, as well as the liver function tests, were evaluated in all mothers. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, and the level of the statistical significance was set at a P-value < 0.05. Results: The mean age in all individuals was 37.45 ± 17.95 years. In mothers with chronic HBV and their infants, 3%, 11%, and 15% were serologically positive for anti-HCV, HCV/HDV, and anti-HDV, respectively. Also, all participants were serologically negative for anti-HIV. A statistical analysis showed a significant correlation of anti-HDV (95% CI, 0.113 - 0.332) with education, place of residence, and anti-HCV (95% CI, 0.313 - 0.416) in mothers with chronic HBV. The percentages of mothers and infants with simultaneous infection HBV were reported to be 1%, 2%, and 1% when anti-HCV, anti-HDV, and anti-HCV/HDV antibodies were measured, respectively. Conclusions: Intellectual strategies in the diagnosis of HCV, HIV, and HDV in patients with chronic HBV have challenged public and global health, and preventing viral infections in newly born infants is the most effective way to control the HBV/HCV or HDV epidemic.
The Relationship Between Multiple Sclerosis Severity and Fear of Falling Through the Mediating Role of Disability: A Correlational Study

Background: Problems with balance and controlling the body’s position are the most common challenges experienced by patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who experience a high rate of falls. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity and fear of falling (FOF) mediated by disability in patients with MS. Methods: This was a correlational study based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population consisted of all patients with MS who visited the neurology centers of hospitals in Sari, Iran, of whom 200 cases were selected as the sample using convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), MS Severity Scale, and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). The data were analyzed using SEM by SPSS AMOS 25. Results: The participants included 200 patients with MS aged 33.67 ± 6.42 years. In addition, 41.5% were male, and 58.5% of female. The results of SEM indicated that the proposed model had a good fit. There was a direct and positive relationship between the severity of MS and FOF (β = 0.69; P = 0.002). Moreover, there was a direct relationship between disability and FOF (β = 0.71; P = 0.011), and between the severity of MS and disability (β = 0.63; P = 0.001) in patients with MS. The findings confirmed the relationship between the severity of MS and FOF mediated by disability in patients with MS (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results, FOF was markedly higher in patients with severer MS. Due to the consequences of FOF, counseling training programs should be offered to patients with MS who visit medical centers to improve their health and level of activity and mitigate their FOF.
Empirical Evidence from the Indonesia Stock Exchange: The Influence of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Return on Equity (ROE) on Sharia Stock Prices

This paper aims to obtain empirical evidence about the influence of the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Return on Equity (ROE) on Islamic stock prices, either partially or simultaneously. An exploratory investigation of 26 companies classified as sharia with the criteria of the Jakarta Islamic Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The secondary data analysis used is to collect complete financial data for the 2014-2018 period. The secondary data was successfully examined as many as 130, then processed using SPSS 26, then analyzed using regression. The findings of the investigation provide empirical evidence that the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Return on Equity (ROE) have a positive and significant influence on Islamic stock prices, either partially or simultaneously. This study provides a theoretical contribution to limited research exploring the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Return on Equity (ROE) with Islamic stock prices on the stock exchange in Indonesia. In practice, this research provides significant insights that can be used to measure the company's health and assess the company's ability to generate returns from shareholder investments of companies classified as sharia.
Insights into the Nucleon Spin from Lattice QCD

Flavour singlet contributions to the nucleon spin are elusive due to the fact that they cannot be determined directly in experiment but require extrapolations to the small x region. Direct calculations of these contributions are possible using Lattice QCD, however, they pose a significant computational challenge due to the presence of disconnected quark line diagrams. We report on recent progress in determining these sea quark contributions on the lattice.
Rotational stacking and its electronic effects on graphene films grown on 4H-SiC$(000\bar{1})$

We examine the stacking order of multilayer graphene grown on the SiC$(000\bar{1})$ surface using low-energy electron diffraction and surface X-ray diffraction. We show that the films contain a high density of rotational stacking faults caused by three types of rotated graphene: sheets rotated $30^\circ$ and $\pm 2.20^\circ$ relative to the SiC substrate. These angles are unique because they correspond to commensurate phases of layered graphene, both with itself and with the SiC substrate. {\it Ab intio} calculations show that these rotational phases electronically decouple adjacent graphene layers. The band structure from graphene at fault boundaries displays linear energy dispersion at the $K$-point (Dirac cones), nearly identical to that of a single graphene sheet.
On aspects of boundary damping for cables and vertical beams

Elastic structures are susceptible to wind- and earthquake-induced vibrations. These vibrations can damage a structure or cause human discomfort. To suppress structural vibrations, various types of damping mechanisms, active or passive, can be applied. In this thesis the model of a weakly damped, standing Euler-Bernoulli beam in a (turbulent) wind-field and the model of a standing Timoshenko beam will be used as a simple model of a tall building. These models will be used to study the stabilizing effect of dampers which are installed at the top of the beam (the so-called boundary dampers), the self-weight effect of a beam on its stability, and the possibly destabilizing effect due to galloping (a dynamic wind response). In this thesis two passive control methods will be applied to the Euler-Bernoulli beam. Moreover, the string-equation will be used to study the dynamics of a cable with an end-mass and subjected to boundary damping. The model of a tensioned beam will be used to examine the damping behavior of a tensioned cable with small bending stiffness and an attached tuned mass damper. The vibrations of these beam and string models can be described by (stochastic) initial-boundary value problems. The problem will be stochastic if a beam in a turbulent wind-field is studied. It is assumed that the damping effect, the self-weight effect, and the wind-force in these problems are small but not negligible. The multiple-timescales perturbation method, the method of separation of variables, and a combination of the Galerkin truncation method and a numerical scheme, will be used to construct (explicit) approximations of the beam-like problems. The Laplace transform method will be applied tothe string-like problem. In this way a so-called characteristic equation has been obtained. This equation have been solved by using (adapted) classical perturbation methods. For both control methods, the uniform stability of an Euler-Bernoulli beam subjected to boundary damping has been established and it has been concluded that these strategies can be used effectively to damp the wind-induced vibrations of a standing Euler-Bernoulli beam. Furthermore, it has been found that the self-weight effect on the frequencies and damping rates of an Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam is small. For the string problem approximations of the damping rates have been constructed. These have been used to conclude that a string with an end-mass can be damped uniformly by applying boundary damping. Lastly, for the tensioned beam with attached damper it has been shown that small bending stiffness only slightly influences the damping rates of the cable.
Na-alginate elicitation as an alternative strategy to improve the antidiabetic
potential of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) flour

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) has been reported to exhibit antidiabetic activity such as hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects as well as antioxidant capacity in diabetichypercholesterolemia rats, alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, due to the bioactive compounds. Germination proved capable to increases the antidiabetic activity of pigeon pea. Elicitation has been known as a simple method for increasing the bioactive compounds and bioactivity of legumes sprouts. This study aimed to investigate the potential of Na-alginate elicitation in improving the antidiabetic activity of pigeon pea flour. The antidiabetic activity was determined by measuring the total flavonoid compounds, antioxidant activity (Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity, TEAC), alphaamylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The effectiveness of Na-alginate elicitation in improving the antidiabetic activity was evaluated by comparing its antidiabetic activity to that of non-elicited pigeon pea sprout flour and non-treated pigeon pea flour. Na-alginate elicited pigeon pea sprout flour showed the highest levels of total flavonoid compounds, TEAC, as well as alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Na-alginate elicitation was capable to increase the total flavonoid compounds, TEAC, alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of pigeon pea flour reach 107.2%, 41.7%, 237.5%, and 85.8%, respectively. It could be concluded that Na-alginate elicitation proved as an effective strategy to improve the antidiabetic potential of pigeon pea flour. These results showed positive evidence of developing legumes flour as a functional ingredient with antidiabetic potential.