Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Match-to-match variations in external load measures during congested weeks in professional male soccer players

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze within-week and within-match external load variations in male soccer players over three consecutive matches during a congested week. Methods: The study cohort included nineteen elite professional male players (age: 26.5 ± 4.3 years) from a European First League team. Players were monitored daily over a full season using measurements collected by global positioning systems (GPSs). GPS-derived measures of total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR), high metabolic load (HML), and maximal speed (maxSpeed) were collected during each match. Results: TD and HML intensity were meaningfully lower during the second half of the season than the ﬁrst half for all weeks (p < 0.05), regardless of the number of matches. Also, the standardized differences for both metrics presented moderate-to-strong effect sizes. Although no signiﬁcant differences between halves were found for HSR or maxSpeed (p > 0.05), these measures presented inconsistently minimum-to-strong effect sizes in some matches in overall weeks. Conclusion: The ﬁndings of this study revealed that TD and HML distances were signiﬁcantly different between halves for all weeks, regardless of the number of matches. Meanwhile, HSR and maxSpeed measures presented no signiﬁcant differences across matches overall.
Solubility Advantage of Amorphous Drugs and Pharmaceutical Cocrystals

The current phase of drug development is witnessing an oncoming crisis due to the combined effects of increasing R&D costs, decreasing number of new drug molecules being launched, several blockbuster drugs falling off the patent cliff, and a high proportion of advanced drug candidates exhibiting poor aqueous solubility. The traditional approach of salt formulation to improve drug solubility is unsuccessful with molecules that lack ionizable functional groups, have sensitive moieties that are prone to decomposition/racemization, and/or are not sufficiently acidic/basic to enable salt formation. Several novel examples of pharmaceutical cocrystals from the past decade are reviewed, and the enhanced solubility profiles of cocrystals are analyzed. The peak dissolution for pharmaceutical cocrystals occurs in a short time (<30 min), and high solubility is maintained over a sufficiently long period (4–6 h) for the best cases. The enhanced solubility of drug cocrystals is similar to the supersaturation phenomenon .
EFFECTIVENESS OF SIX WEEKS MENTAL IMAGERY INTERVENTION ON CONVENTIONAL "V' GRIP USED BY BATSMAN

The grip is one of the basic batting skills in cricket. It is referred to how a batsman holds the bat. It is the most essential part of batting skills because a comfortable and correct grip gives a batsman chance to execute a range of shots with flair. So the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of six weeks mental imagery intervention on batting skills namely conventional V grip among U-19 male cricket players. To conduct the study 50 male cricket players enrolled in various cricket academies in Bilaspur were selected as sample. The age range of the subjects was 17 to 19 years. The other criterion for selection was participation as a specialist batsman in a district level tournament. The convenience sampling method was used for the selection of subject. The grip used by the batsman was assessed by the batting coach. A six weeks mental imagery intervention program prepared by the researcher in consultation with a research supervisor and experts in the field of sports psychology was used in this study. The mental imagery intervention program was based on PETTLEP model suggested by Holmes & Collins (2001). It includes P as physical, E as Environment, T as Task, T as Timing, L as Learning, E as Emotions and P as perspective respectively. The mental imagery program was of 60 minutes duration and of 05 days a week. The data on the correctness of grip used by a batsman was collected thrice i.e. before the start of mental imagery intervention, after three weeks from the start of the program and after six weeks after commencement of the intervention program. A significant increase in technique to hold to bat was observed during six weeks mental imagery intervention. It was concluded that mental imagery is a useful technique to improve the technique of a batsman to hold the bat i.e. grip on the bat.
Surface Charge Trapping in Organolead Halide Perovskites Explored by Single-Particle Photoluminescence Imaging

Organometal halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention because of their striking electrical and optical properties that are desirable for application in solar cells and optoelectronic devices; however, the structure-related dynamics of photogenerated charges are almost always masked by ensemble averaging in conventional spectroscopic methods, making it difficult to clarify the underlying mechanism. Here we investigate the photoluminescence characteristics of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite nanoparticles using single-particle spectroscopy combined with electron microscopy. The in situ analysis of light and Lewis-base-induced surface passivation revealed that the photoluminescence quenching and blinking phenomena of single CH3NH3PbBr3 nanoparticles are most probably caused by charge trapping at surface states, where the number of effective trapping sites was estimated to be 1–4 per particle.
EFFICIENCY : The Economics of Privacy as Secrecy 9 November 2005

There is a long history of governmental efforts to protect personal privacy and strong debates about the merits of such policies. A central element of privacy is the ability to control the dissemination of personally identifiable data to private parties. Posner, Stigler, and others have argued that privacy comes at the expense of allocative efficiency. Others have argued that privacy issues are readily resolved by proper allocation of property rights to control information. Our principal findings challenge both views. We find: (a) privacy can be efficient even when there is no “taste” for privacy per se, and (b) to be effective, a privacy policy may need to ban information transmission or use rather than simply assign individuals control rights to their personally identifiable data. * The authors would like to thank Thomas Davidoff, Giancarlo Spagnolo, Jean Tirole, Hal Varian, Michael Waldman, and Luc Wathieu, as well as participants in the 2004 “Quantitative Marketing and Economics Conference” and 2004 “Conference on the Economics of Electronics Communications Markets,” for helpful discussions of these issues. We are particularly grateful to an anonymous referee. An earlier version of this paper was titled “Is Privacy Efficient? The Economics of Privacy as Secrecy. ”
Parametric sensitivity analysis of Aerodynamic stability for planar membrane structures

To explore the influence of design parameters on the aerodynamic stability of planar membrane structures, a mathematical model for calculating the critical wind speed of flat panel structures was established, and the closed expression of the critical wind speed was obtained through the criterion of instability. The influence of membrane size, membrane density, pretension and other parameters on the critical wind speed was studied by monofactor analysis. The results show that, with the help of the new concept of benefit loss coefficient, the sensitivity analysis of instability critical wind speed parameters can be easily carried out, and many qualitative and quantitative laws can be obtained.
Risk spillovers between China and other BRICS countries during COVID-19 pandemic: A CoVaR-copula approach

This paper aims to assess risk spillover effect between China and other BRICS countries by CoVaR-copula method. We analyse the result of ΔCoVaR in two sub-periods–year 2019 and COVID-19 period. Data for stock prices of major stock market in each country are used. Our results show that risk spillover effect from China to other BRICS countries increased during the epidemic. Meanwhile, COVID-19 pandemic enhanced the co-movement between China and other four countries. Under the shock from other countries, stock market in China stayed strong. By contrast, stock markets in Brazil, India and South Africa are vulnerable. The results show the accuracy of CoVaR-copula approach for risk spillover effect measurement.
Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Potassium Nitrate Spray on Vegetative Growth and Reproductive Characteristics of Tomato

A study was carried out to investigate the effect of 2 levels of gibberellic acid (10 -4 and 10 -8 ) and 2 levels of potassium nitrate (6 and 8 mM) spray on the growth, leaf-NPK content, yield and quality parameters of tomato. The application of gibberellic acid and potassium alone or in combination increased plant height, number of branches, number flowers per cluster, number fruits per cluster and faster fruit growth in addition to increasing fruit number, fruit firmness, weight and yield. The chlorophyll content, leaf- NPK content, blossom end rot and nitrate reductase activity were not affected by application of GA3 alone or in combination, but K application alone significant decreased blossom end rot while increasing leaf-NPK content, chlorophyll content and nitrate reductase activity. With regard to fruit quality, the application of GA3 at 10 -8 mM, 8 mM potassium nitrate and 10 -8 mM GA3+ 8 mM potassium nitrate increased fruit lycopene content, total soluble solids, vitamin C and titratable acidity compared with the control treatment. From this study, it can be concluded that spraying with gibberellic acid and potassium alone or in combination increased vegetative growth and reproductive characteristics of tomato.
DBD plasma reactor for oxidative decomposition of Chlorobenzene

Abstract Oxidative decomposition of chlorobenzene diluted in air was carried out in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor. In order to understand the role of the ground electrode, various reactor configurations were tested. Among silver paste, copper wire and aluminum foil tested as the outer electrodes, typical results indicated the best performance of silver paste, probably due to uniform distribution of microdischarges. Likewise, low flow rates gave better conversion and selectivity to gaseous products.
Characteristics and sources Analysis of heavy metals in atmospheric dust of Qingdao

Based on 159 atmospheric dust and soil samples collected around Qingdao,we first analyzed the contents of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,Zn,SiO2,Al2O3,MgO,CaO,Na2 O,K2O in these samples. Then,the enrichment factor method,the factor analysis method and the clustering analysis method were used to analyze the characteristics and source of these heavy metals. Results show that the content of heavy metals in all the atmospheric dust samples had a large degree of variation and uneven spatial distribution. Except for Hg in atmospheric dust of urban area,the contents of all the heavy metals in atmospheric dust were higher than the ones in soil. Besides,only As in atmospheric dust of suburb area was mainly controlled by natural factors,originated from soil dust. All the other heavy metals were mainly controlled by human factors. The experimental results about urban atmospheric dust samples show that heavy metals such as As,Cu,Cr,Zn fall into one category,and their contents mainly originated from coal combustion and industrial emission. Pb and Cd belong to another category,which mainly originated from traffic emissions. Besides,Ni and Hg can be classified as two different categories,which may be affected by ocean and industry pollution.The experimental results about suburb atmospheric dust samples show that Cr and Ni belong to one category,which mainly originated from industrial emission. Cd,Cu,Pb,Zn,Hg can be divided into five different categories,the contents of which mainly originated from industrial emission,coal combustion and traffic emissions.
Uncertainty Quantiﬁcation of a Classiﬁcation Network for Contact-Rich Manipulation

This project is an extension of a project that is being developed in the Interactive Perception and Robotic Learning lab at Stanford. Most robots in industry today can only accomplish tasks with little to no uncertainty. The aim of the original project is to develop a method which extends the set of tasks which robots can accomplish using deep learning methods to include tasks with certain forms of options uncertainty. An example of options uncertainty is selecting a tool for a task. For example, when you have to change your tire and have to choose between a set of hex wrenches. The options uncertainty is over which tool to select. For this project, we will be using a 7 DOF robotic arm in simulation to accomplish the task of peg insertion with multiple hole options for the robot to choose from. The robot will need to interact with the peg holes and quantify its uncertainty for each peg hole over the hole’s shape using only force and position data. For our CS230 project we looked into different training objectives and network architectures for quantifying uncertainty of a discrete probability distribution. This should improve the performance of the method we are developing for the original research project.
A Real-Time Detection Algorithm for Kiwifruit Defects Based on YOLOv5

Defect detection is the most important step in the postpartum reprocessing of kiwifruit. However, there are some small defects difficult to detect. The accuracy and speed of existing detection algorithms are difficult to meet the requirements of real-time detection. For solving these problems, we developed a defect detection model based on YOLOv5, which is able to detect defects accurately and at a fast speed. The main contributions of this research are as follows: (1) a small object detection layer is added to improve the model’s ability to detect small defects; (2) we pay attention to the importance of different channels by embedding SELayer; (3) the loss function CIoU is introduced to make the regression more accurate; (4) under the prerequisite of no increase in training cost, we train our model based on transfer learning and use the CosineAnnealing algorithm to improve the effect. The results of the experiment show that the overall performance of the improved network YOLOv5-Ours is better than the original and mainstream detection algorithms. The mAP@0.5 of YOLOv5-Ours has reached 94.7%, which was an improvement of nearly 9%, compared to the original algorithm. Our model only takes 0.1 s to detect a single image, which proves the effectiveness of the model. Therefore, YOLOv5-Ours can well meet the requirements of real-time detection and provides a robust strategy for the kiwi flaw detection system.
SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics in acute infections

This provides first comprehensive data on the early-infection RT-qPCR Ct dynamics associated with infection. Viral titers increase quickly, normally within 3 days of the first possible RT-qPCR detection, regardless of symptoms. Our findings highlight that repeated PCR tests can be used to infer the stage of a patient’s infection. While a single test can inform on whether a patient is in the acute or persistent viral RNA shedding stages, a subsequent test can help identify whether viral RNA concentrations are 240 increasing or decreasing, thus informing clinical care. We also show that the effective sensitivity of pre- event screening tests declines rapidly with test turnaround time due to the rapid progression from detectability to peak viral titers. Due to the transmission risk posed by large gatherings 11 , the trade-off between test speed and sensitivity must be weighed carefully. These data offer the first direct measurements capable of informing such decisions.
In-Plane Strengthening of Masonry Infills using TRM Technique

The seismic vulnerability of masonry infills during seismic actions in southern Europe highlighted their urgent need to be studied deeply. Therefore, the main objects of this research are 1) understanding the in-plane behavior of typical south European infilled frames and 2) Providing strengthening technique based on textile reinforced mortar (TRM) technique. To reach the objectives of this study, seven reduced scale specimens were constructed by simulating the same specimens of south European specimens in 1980's. The effect of different parameters was investigated namely; 1) effect of using low strength infills inside bare frame 2) effect of workmanship 3) effect of strengthening technique Two of them were strengthened by using TRM technique (one were strengthened by using commercial textile mesh and another specimen were strengthened by using the textile meshes that were manufactured in the university. Those specimens were tested under in-plane static cyclic loading to simulate the effect of earthquakes. The loading protocol complies with the guidelines of FEMA 461 [1].
Photo- and Bio-Physical Characterization of Novel Lipophilic Fluorescent Dyes for Multicolor Neurotracing and Lipid Transcellular Diffusion Measurements.

Lipophilic fluorescent dyes are used to trace neuronal connections because of their ability to insert into and di use laterally within cellular membranes. These dyes successfully define neuronal tracts for normal and mutant development no matter how aberrant the molecular processing of cells. Simultaneous delineation of multiple pathways requires multicolor labeling with a set of diffusion matched and spectrally resolvable dyes. To achieve more than 3 distinct colors within a single sample, imaging strategies using two-photon excitation are necessary. The efficient utilization of two-photon excitation is dependent on the knowledge of the two-photon excitation action cross section for the set of dyes. The first specific aim of this thesis was to measure the two-photon excitation action cross-section spectra for a set of neurotracing dyes to facilitate the design of multicolor imaging strategies. Two-photon excitation action cross sections were measured using a standard ratiometric approach comparing the neurotracer dye fluorescence to a well-known dye. The results indicated that all fluorescent dyes measured can be efficiently two-photon excited with a Ti:S laser. The acquisition of the two-photon excitation spectra for the neurotracer set allowed dyes exhibiting fluorescence emission cross talk to be spectrally resolved, and thus achieve multicolor neurotracing. |Recently certain lipids have been implicated as signaling molecules that travel between cells. Although their effects are fairly well-characterized, the mechanism for their diffusion across the aqueous gap between cells is unknown. This mechanism might be affected by variations in the length of their hydrocarbon chains. Because lipophilic fluorescent dyes consist of a head group and two variable-length hydrocarbon chains analogous to naturally occurring lipids, they can be used to investigate lipid diffusion between living cells. The second specific aim of this thesis was to investigate the hydrocarbon-chain-length dependence on the mechanism of lipid transcellular di usion. Dye diffusion was examined by labeling single cells in a connected network and measuring the spread of dye into the network using laser scanning microscopy. Additionally, FRAP measurements within individual cells were performed. The results demonstrated that for both transcellular and intracellular diffusion, the length of the hydrocarbon chain influences the mechanism of lipid diffusion in living cells.
SEISMIC RESPONSE OF OVERPRESSURED SUBMARINE SLOPES

Fluid overpressures are an important pre-conditioning factor for submarine slope failures, which occur on very mild slopes. Such overpressures can arise from rapid sedimentation if the deposition of new sediments outpaces the consolidation of the underlying soil. This process can weaken slopes over time, making them more susceptible to seismic loading. In this paper the sediment accumulation process on slopes with subsequent dynamic earthquake loading is modelled in a two-step procedure. The procedure is benchmarked and applied in an example case, investigating the seismic response of slopes at different stages in the sedimentation process. It is shown that in normally consolidated slopes earthquakes tend to cause strain accumulation close to the seafloor. In overpressured slopes, on the other hand, the pre-conditioning due to rapid sedimentation can lead to strain localization at a defined depth during seismic loading, leading to the formation of potentially larger, non-shallow mass movements. The presented procedure can be applied for earthquake vulnerability assessments of submarine slopes at different stages during the sediment deposition process. This could help predicting likely failure mechanisms of submarine slopes, which is a key factor for their hazard potential.
INVESTIGATING INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE ON KNOWLEDGE SHARING BEHAVIOR IN SERVICE SECTOR OF PAKISTAN

The knowledge sharing has been consistently identified as a key element in organizational growth and employee advancement. The aim of this study is to broaden prior empirical studies on knowledge sharing behavior by testing perceived organizational support as an underlying mechanism for examining the impact of explanatory factors (organizational justice and organizational commitment) on knowledge sharing behavior in emerging countries like Pakistan. In addition, the authors also examine the moderating effect of perceived organizational support between the association of dimensions of organizational justice (distributive, procedural, interactional), organizational commitment, and knowledge sharing behavior. Data were collected from 365 employees of service industry in Pakistan to test the study hypotheses using a survey questionnaire, the empirical results revealed that procedural justice and organizational commitment have positive significant impact on knowledge sharing behavior. However, distributive justice and interactional justice was found insignificant with knowledge sharing behavior. Next, the interactional effects of perceived organizational support were revealed significant among the association of distributive justice, interactional justice, organizational commitment and knowledge sharing behavior. Organizations can improve employees’ commitment by providing them fairness in procedures and resources and providing organizational support. In addition, management may establish a sense of equality among the employees, which ultimately encourages employees to share their valuable expertise with their team members and other organizational employees.
Umist Qualitative Behaviour of Approximate Solutions of Some Volterra Integral Equations with Non-lipschitz Nonlinearity a Report in Association with University College Chester Departments of Mathematics Qualitative Behaviour of Approximate Solutions of Some Volterra Integral Equations with Non-lips

In this work we consider equations of the form: y(t) = g(t) + Z t 0 K(t; s; y(s))ds; t 2 IR + ; (y) analytically and when solved numerically. In some recent work the long-term behaviour of numerical solutions of the nonlinear convolution equation y(t) = g(t) + Z t 0 k(t ? s)'(y(s))ds; t 2 IR + ; (z) has been considered. In the present paper, we consider examples of the form (z) which do not satisfy classical conditions guaranteeing existence and uniqueness of the exact solutions and suitable behaviour of approximate solutions. We are able to give a strengthened version of a theorem given originally by Corduneanu for certain kernels and nonlinearities. On that basis we consider how certain numerical codes may fail. We explore and test methods known to preserve properties of the solutions in the linear case.