Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Network Autocorrelation Model to Predict Repeat Purchases in Multi-Relational Social Networks: Evidence from Online Games

It is well established in the literature that customer retention is at least as important as customer acquisition, especially in the freemium-based virtual economy, in which individuals are connected by multi-relational social networks, such as the “friendships” and “guilds” (virtual teams) functions in the context of online games. Yet, we do not know how these multi-relational social network effects simultaneously affect repeat purchases. In this study, we seek to examine the interdependent nature of repeat purchases of online game players embedded in multi-relational social networks. We examine two types of social network effects in the “friendship” function: a reinforcement (positive) effect and an attenuation (negative) effect. We also examine the herding effect (behavioral conformity within a virtual team) in the “guild” function. We develop a new hierarchical Bayesian model that supports a response variable for repeat purchases and that follows a Poisson distribution, and we simultaneously include both the two social network effects (reinforcement and attenuation) from the “friendship” function and also the moderating role of the herding effect from the “guild” function. Our study shows that both the reinforcement and attenuation social network effects have a significant effect on repeat purchases; however, the direction of the behavioral correlation of these two social network effects is starkly distinct: the reinforcement effect leads to repeat purchases among direct friends; in contrast, the attenuation effect leads to a divergence of repeat purchases among players who are indirect friends but share common friends. Moreover, we find that the size of the reinforcement effect is attenuated when the herding effect is accounted for. Besides theoretically developing and empirically validating a new method to predict repeat purchases in multi-relational social networks, this study has managerial implications for online game providers to develop effective targeting strategies to encourage players to engage in repeat purchases by leveraging multi-relational social network effects. Broader theoretical and practical implications for encouraging repeat purchases by leveraging social network effects in other online platforms are also discussed.
Physico-chemical stability of tomato products.

The effect of some physical processes and enzymatic hydrolysis on the physicochemical properties of tomato suspensions was studied. Concentration degree has a large effect on the apparent viscosity and the storage modulus of suspensions after being diluted to a standardized water insoluble solids level. Besides decrease in average particle size, microscopic fracture of the cellulosic microfibrillar network during concentration are thought to be responsible for this phenomenon. By wet sieving it was shown that the bulk of the particles has a size between 45-180 μm. The tomato cell wall seems to be highly deformable. The 90- 180 μm wet sieve fraction had highest apparent viscosity and yield stress as well before as after homogenization. Homogenization of tomato suspensions as well as of strawberry sauce led to an increase in the apparent viscosity and storage modulus, whereas that of apple sauce led to a decrease in the apparent viscosity. The difference in behaviour upon homogenization is due to a difference in fracture behaviour of the plant cells, which is probably a result of the cell wall structure, especially the microfibrillar cellulose structure. Incubation of tomato suspensions with highly purified well specified polysaccharide degrading enzymes resulted in a decrease in rheological parameters. By homogenization the apparent viscosity increased to higher values compared to that of the non enzyme treated tomato suspension. The enzyme preparations gave rise to more serum separation. Hydrolysis of diluted hot break paste by pectin esterase from oranges or fungi resulted in a much higher yield stress, which is probably due to the formation of a calcium pectinate network. The apparent viscosity became only slightly higher. Serum viscosity increased initially, after which it decreased to about 50% of the original value. The main physical problem of tomato suspensions is the formation of a serum layer on top of it. Several mechanisms are responsible: uniaxial compression of the weak particle network due the gravitational force and drainage of serum as a result of unevenness in the surface. The physical behaviour of tomato suspensions can be better understood by considering the tomato cell wall as a concentrated, composite gel consisting of cellulose microfibrils embedded in a "jelly" matrix of pectic and hemicellulosic substances.
Pregnancy outcome following previous history of spontaneous abortion

Introduction: Pregnancy period is crucial for the health of the mother and baby. Spontaneous abortion is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome. Spontaneous pregnancy loss is a surprisingly common occurrence with approximately 15% of all clinically recognized pregnancies resulting in pregnancy failure. Spontaneous pregnancy loss can be physically and emotionally taxing for couples, especially when faced with recurrent losses. Objective: To determine pregnancy outcome following previous spontaneous abortion and to evaluate any complication associated with previous abortion as compare to previous normal delivery. Method: A prospective and observationalstudy was done on 100 patient that include 50 patient of control group who have history of previous normal delivery and 50 patients in study group who have history of previous abortion history. All the antenatal, postnatal complications and mode of delivery were noted and compared between these two groups. Result: Shows that Pregnancy complications including threatened miscarriage, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), preterm delivery, intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR) are more commonly associated with pregnancy following history of previous abortion. Rate of caesarean section was significantly increased in women with previous spontaneous abortion and give significant p value 0.000008; Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). Conclusion: Women with a history of previous spontaneous abortion are at an increased risk of complications in the next pregnancy. So careful surveillance should be provided to every women and not to be restricted only to females with history of recurrent pregnancy loss.
First report of the natural occurrence of soybean bacterial wilt isolates pathogenic to dry beans in Nebraska.

None of the soybean wilt pathogens are commonly found in midwestern soybean crops. This is the first report of naturally-infected US soybean fields in at least 25 years and the first ever for Nebraska. This is also the first report of naturally-occurring soybean wilt isolates being pathogenic to dry beans. The severity of the damage on dry beans has been well documented. However, the potential for future problems in soybean production in Nebraska and elsewhere is unknown. Crop rotation may affect disease severity and pathogen survival in these two crops, since there are several regions in Nebraska where the two crops may overlap. Currently, the source of inoculum is not established, but the unique presence of both dry bean and soybean pathogens in production fields warrants investigation of the relationships among isolates.
Genotypic Differences of Axillary Budding in Response to Temperature and Ethephon Treatment in Non-Branching Chrysanthemums

Axillary buds formation in non-branching chrysanthemums (Dendranthema grandiflorum) is regulated by temperature. To examine the temperature regime responsible for non-viable buds, five non-branching chrysanthemums cultivars were treated with 5 temperature conditions for 4 weeks. High temperature reduced percentage of lateral buds, but effects varied among the cultivars. Three hybrid progenies of ‘01B1-4’, ‘01B1-8’, and ‘01B1-22’ showed stronger non-branching trait than ‘Iwanohakusen’ and ‘Hakutenga’. In these progenies, the day/night temperature regime of 25/15℃showed similar effects as 28/18℃, 31/21℃, and 34/24℃. Ethephon promoted axillary bud development in ‘01B1-8’, but had no effect on ‘01B1-22’. Histological assay showed that axillary meristems in non-branching chrysanthemum cultivars arrested their development prior to or at meristematic organization and ethephon enhanced the cell differentiation to the axillary meristem.
COMBINATIONAL CYTOKINE THERAPY OF CANCER: PLEIOTROPIC IMPACT WITHIN THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT

Studies demonstrating the ability of in vitro generated dendritic cells (DCs) to successfully mediate anti-tumor efficacy when used as therapeutic vaccines suggest that treatments capable of promoting in situ DC-mediated cross-priming events may exhibit at least a comparable degree of clinical effectiveness. As a result, I assessed whether optimizing the number of DCs within the tumor microenvironment would improve the cross-priming of tumor-reactive T cells, resulting in improved therapeutic benefit. I observed that the treatment of CMS4-bearing BALB/c mice with the combination of Flt3 ligand (FL) and GM-CSF for five sequential days is sufficient to optimize the number of tumor-infiltrating DCs and to result in the enhanced systemic priming of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells that are consequently recruited into the tumor microenvironment. Despite these preferred immunologic endpoints, combinational FL and GM-CSF treatment failed to impact the growth of established CMS4, RENCA or CT26 tumors. The observation that large numbers of CD4+ T cells also infiltrate tumors in mice treated with combinations of FL and GM-CSF prompted me to explore whether CD4+ regulatory T cells might play an active role in mediating the suppression of co-infiltrating tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. Indeed, I found that nearly half of the tumor-associated CD4+ T cells expressed the Foxp3 protein and significantly suppressed the proliferation of naive allo-reactive CD4+ T cells and the IFN- production by tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in vitro. Moreover, I found that combinational FL and GM-CSF treatment induced significant expansion of Foxp3+CD4+ T cells in the spleens of treated animals, regardless of tumor-bearing status. Consistent with the suppressive effects of tumor-associated CD4+ T cells on combined FL and GM-CSF-based therapy, the in vivo depletion of CD4+ T cells resulted in a marked inhibition of tumor growth in treated mice that was dependent on the presence of CD8+ T cells. My findings have important implications in cancer therapy as they demonstrate that suppression mediated by regulatory T cells can present a major roadblock for the successful implementation of immunotherapeutic approaches to treat cancers.
Nutrient content of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) as Influenced by Boron and Farmyard Manure in North West Himalayan Alfisols

Chemical composition is the index of development of plant which determines the magnitude of yield potential (Cate and Nelson 1971). Among micronutrients, boron (B) is one of the essential micronutrients required for normal growth and development of crop plants. Boron in plants is reported to function at membrane level (Shelp et al. 1995) and is credited with maintaining membrane integrity (Cakmak et al. 1995) and enhanced ability of membranes to transport vital nutrients. The farmyard manure (FYM) itself contains reasonable amounts of nutrients which become available to plants upon decomposition besides enhancing availability of native as well as applied nutrients. The studies on the effect of B and FYM application on chemical composition of vegetables in general, and cauliflower in particular, are scanty. Therefore, greenhouse studies were conducted to investigate the effect of B and FYM on nutrient contents in cauliflower on two B-deficient soils collected from two varied agro-climatic conditions in North-West Himalayas of Himachal Pradesh.
Estrogen Receptor Alpha G525L Knock-In Mice

Abstract : We have developed a knock-in mouse model with a mutation (glycine 525 to leucine, G525L) in estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) that permits exogenous regulation of its ligand-induced signaling pathways, while not affecting ligand-independent signaling. This ligand-binding pocket mutation significantly reduces ERalpha response to endogenous estrogens but not to the synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES). Therefore, ERalpha signaling pathways can be regulated in these mice through DES administration or withdrawal. Female mutant G525L ERalpha homozygous mice had immature and hypoplastic uterine and vaginal tissues and only developed rudimentary mammary gland ductal trees. Homozygous ovarian tissues had a hyperplasic stroma and no corpora lutea. In addition, some of the homozygous ovaries contained large, hemorrhagic, cystic follices. Cyst development increased with age. Homozygous animals had higher estrogen (E) and luteinizing hormone (LH) serum levels than their wild type and heterozygous littermates. Homozygous animals were also significantly larger than their wild type and heterozygous littermates. This was partly due to an increase in gonadel and mammary fat pad weight. Further analysis of this knock-in mouse model, including examination of non-reproductive tissues and uterotrophic assays with E, DES, and epidermal growth factor (EGF), will provide valuable information about the role of ligand-induced and ligand-independent ER signaling in development and carcinogenesis.
A brief report on ichthyofaunal diversity of Dewmai khola of Ilam district, Nepal

Fish diversity of Nepal has been poorly studied or understood relative to other fauna, so a lot of study is still required to have a better fish diversity profile. We investigated ichthyofaunal diversity on one of the unexplored rivers, Dewmai Khola which lies in mid-hill region of Ilam district in eastern Nepal. Fishes were collected from three sampling sites in day time by using a cast net with the help of local fisherman. The field visits were performed from December2015 to September 2016. A total of 16 fish species belonging to 3 orders, 6 families and 11genera have been recorded. The Cypriniformes was the dominant order represented by 3families: 1) Cyprinidae with 7 species (Cirrhinus mrigala, Barilius barila, B. bendelisis, Bengalaelanga, Danio aequipinnatus, Schizothoraichthys labiatus and Garra gotyla), 2) Cobitidae with5 species (Schistura multifasciatus, S. horai, S. scaturigina, S. savona and S. rupecula) and3) Psilorhynchidae with a single species Psilorhynchus pseudecheneis. The Perciformes was represented by two families with a single species in each: Belontidae (Colisa fasciatus) and Channidae (Channa stewartii). The Siluriformes was represented by a single family Sisoridae with a single species Glyptothorax pectinopterus.
Diversity of the human gastrointestinal microbiota : novel perspectives from high throughput analyses

The human gastrointestinal tract is densely populated by hundreds of microbial (primarily bacterial, but also archaeal and fungal) species that are collectively named the microbiota. This microbiota performs various functions and contributes significantly to the digestion and the health of the host. It has previously been noted that the diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota is disturbed in relation to several intestinal and not intestine related diseases. However, accurate and detailed defining of such disturbances is hampered by the fact that the diversity of this ecosystem is still not fully described, primarily because of its extreme complexity, and high inter-individual variability. The work presented in this thesis summarises the hitherto gathered knowledge on the diversity of the human gastrointestinal microbiota based on an extensive literature search that aimed to gather all reports of microbial life within the gastrointestinal tract starting from the first isolation in 1885. This resulted in the construction of the ecosystem-specific database of small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences of over 1,000 human gastrointestinal inhabitants based on which a phylogenetic microarray was designed. This newly developed HITChip (Human Intestinal Tract Chip) enabled comprehensive and high throughput analyses, and provided some novel perspectives on the diversity of this ecosystem, which include the following: (a) the first molecular follow up of the long-term microbiota dynamics showed that genetic, environmental and stochastic factors are shaping the microbial community within the gastrointestinal tract, and revealed that some members of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes are highly influenced by the genotype of the host, while determening the host-specific microbiota signature; (b) the analysis of the microbial diversity of intestinal contents of patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and ulcerative colitis (UC) showed that both diseases impacted the microbiota, as its composition was distinctive from that of healthy adults, although the disturbance of the microbiota in relation to UC appeared to be more severe when compared to IBS, and was characterised, in addition to the different relative abundance of numerous members of the microbiota, by dramatically reduced richness of the microbial community; (c) finally, studying the development of the microbial community in a model of the human colon (TIM2) provided novel guidelines for improving the handling procedures that will ensure more accurate representation of the microbial diversity of healthy adults. In conclusion, the results indicate that a high throughput and comprehensive studying of the human gastrointestinal microbiota, as facilitated by the application of phylogenetic microarrays is a promising approach for further describing and understanding of this exceptionally relevant microbial ecosystem.
WHO Indicators and its Compliance by General Practitioners of Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract Background: Prescribing pattern is also important factor to identify the problems related to prescribing and best tool to improve the quality of prescription and patient care. Methods: The aim of current study was to evaluate the quality of prescription and prescribing practices as per WHO drug core indicators in Lahore, Pakistan. A descriptive and cross- sectional study was carried out to access the prescribing pattern in Lahore, Pakistan. A sample of 300 prescriptions were collected from well –known Pharmacies and hospitals located in Lahore, Pakistan. A Structured data collection form was designed. The standard world health organization (WHO) drugs core prescribing indicators were used to determine the prescribing pattern of physicians. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS V21.0. Results: The name of patients was mentioned 93% of total prescriptions. While age and sex mentioned on prescriptions were 67% and 53% respectively. Only 22% prescriptions were containing patient weight description.32% of total prescriptions were mentioned prescriber address. 16% of total prescriptions were containing patient address. While 60% of total prescriptions were mentioned specliazation of prescribers. The total numbers of drugs prescribed on all encounter was 1122. The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 3.74(optimal value 1.6-1.8). The total number of drugs prescribed under generic name was 0% (optimal value 100%). Antibiotics were 42.5% of total drug prescribed (optimal value 20-26.8). Injections were 19.25% of prescriptions (optimal value less 10%). Prescription writing is a tough task. Conclusion: The result of current study show a poor compliance rate of legal requirement required for prescription writing. Most of prescribers were deviated from standard guidelines. There is dare need to improve the knowledge about prescription writing and prescribing practices. Continuous education is required to ensure the rational prescribing at Lahore, Pakistan in future.
An Improved Five Class MI Based BCI Scheme for Drone Control Using Filter Bank CSP

Worldwide, millions of people are locked in or in a wheelchair, due to several neuromuscular disorders or spinal cord injuries. These individuals are deprived of trivial social activities, like interacting or playing games with other people. Such activities are crucial for personal development, and can have a great impact on the quality of their lives. This work aims at the design and implementation of an electroencephalography (EEG) based motor imagery (MI) brain computer interface (BCI) system that would allow disabled, and able-bodied, individuals alike to control a drone in a 3D physical environment by only using their thoughts. An improved version of the filter bank common spatial pattern (FBCSP) algorithm was developed, and it has shown to perform superior (68.5% accuracy) to the winning FBCSP algorithm (67.8% accuracy), when tested on dataset 2a (4 class MI) of the BCI competition IV. A deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based algorithm was also implemented and tested on the same dataset, which however performed inferior (62.9% accuracy) to the winner, as well as our proposed FBCSP algorithms. The improved FBCSP was then tested on our in-house 5-class (left hand, right hand, tongue, both feet and rest) MI dataset (collected from 10 able-bodied subjects) and obtained a mean accuracy of 41.8±11.74%. This is considered a significant result though it is not good enough to attempt the control of a real drone.
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS PREDOMINANCE AMONG SYMPTOMATIC EGYPTIAN CHILDREN

Cryptosporidiosis is a worldwide gastrointestinal disease caused by a protozoan parasite; Cryptosporidium. This study determined the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in fecal samples collected from children, and assessed the association between Cryptosporidium in stool with the patient’s age, gender and with seasonality. Fecal samples were collected from 176 children (1-12 years) attending gastrointestinal outpatients’ clinics in Aboul-Reesh Cairo University Pediatrics Hospital, Egypt. The samples were examined microscopically and by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay targeting Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene. The nPCR products were digested by restriction enzyme Rsa I. The obtained fragments were resolved by electrophoresis.PCR was more sensitive than microscopic examination in estimatingCryptosporidium prevalence. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 4.5% (8/176) of samples. Cryptosporidium DNA was in 11.9% (21/176). C. hominis (17 cases or 81%) was the predominant species among symptomatic children, peaking in the summer and a small rise in autumn. This study demonstrated that age, gender and season might shape the prevalence of such protozoa in a given population.