Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bucket-Handle Mesenteric Tears: A Comprehensive Review of Their Presentation and Management

Bucket-handle mesenteric tears remain a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. We aim to review the literature, including a single-surgeon series, to better understand their presentation and management. Three electronic databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, and PubMed) were searched for original research articles, describing relevant cases, from database inception to October 2021 using the following Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms: mesenteric avulsion, mesenteric tear, and blunt abdominal trauma. A retrospective review of cases managed under a single surgeon at our unit was also performed. Data extracted included demographics, mechanism of injury, presenting features, diagnostic imaging, surgical management, and patient outcome. In total, 19 studies were identified, including 22 patients (median age 34.5 years). The most common cause of injury was seat-belted road traffic accidents (77.3%), and patients commonly presented with abdominal pain (72.7%), tenderness (50%), positive seat-belt sign (54.5%), and haemodynamic compromise (45.5%). Computerised tomography scanning was the main imaging modality (68%), and the most common findings reported were abdominal free fluid (36.4%) and abdominal wall hernia (27.3%). The majority of patients were operated on within 24 hours of injury (68%), had a median length of stay of 14.5 days, and experienced an uncomplicated recovery (68%). There was no association between the development of complications and delayed surgical intervention >24 hours (p = 0.145). Our institution’s experience was similar, with 50% of patients undergoing surgical intervention within 24 hours. The median age was 32.5 years (50% female), and the median length of stay was 11 days. A high index of suspicion, serial monitoring, including blood tests, and imaging, with a low threshold for early repeat imaging, can provide a useful guide for identifying patients with bucket-handle tears.
Rib waveguide theory by the spectral index method

The rib waveguide in integrated optics, S.Ritchie layered theory of the rib waveguide, P.Kendall variational methods for dielectric waveguides, M.Jones weighted index method for dielectric waveguide analysis, M.Robertson spectral index method - single rib waveguide, P.McIlroy discrete spectral index method for rib waveguides, M.Stern spectral index method - directional coupler, S.Burke generalized spectral index method for rib waveguide analysis, M.Stern rib and channel waveguides - generalized and vector equations, P.Kendall analysis of semiconductor rib waveguides - conclusion, P.Robson.
Combustion d'hydrocarbures répandus en nappe sur un support aqueux ; analyse du phénomène de boilover

La combustion d'hydrocarbures repandus sur une surface aqueuse constitue un sujet d'etude de grand interet. Interet sur le plan fondamental mais aussi sur le plan applique, avec des motivations allant de la limitation de la pollution des eaux, aux problemes de securite incendie, dans le cas d'eventuels phenomenes de boilover. Afin de pouvoir mettre en evidence les effets associes a la composition des combustibles (evolution de la temperature de transition liquide-vapeur en cours de combustion et effet sur les transferts thermiques au sein du milieu, dans le cas de combustibles a coupes de distillation etendues), nous avons choisi d'etudier une gamme de combustibles representative d'une evolution allant du produit pur au petrole brut. L'ensemble de l'etude met en evidence l'importance du transfert de chaleur dans la direction normale a la surface du combustible et a l'interface combustible-eau. Elle montre l'influence de l'epaisseur initiale de combustible sur l'equilibre energetique de surface. Il apparait par ailleurs tres clairement que la phase aqueuse joue le role d'un puits de chaleur tres efficace lorsque l'epaisseur de combustible devient suffisamment faible. L'un des aspects particuliers important de ce type de combustion est la possibilite de voir l'eau sous-jacente suffisamment chauffee pour qu'elle soit portee a ebullition. Un phenomene de vaporisation explosive, denomme boilover par les anglo-saxons et de caractere tres spectaculaire mais aussi dangereux, peut alors se produire. Lorsqu'un produit petrolier est repandu sur un support aqueux, il peut etre soumis a differents effets de l'environnement, effet de vieillissement (evaporation progressive des especes les plus volatiles) et possibilite de voir se former des emulsions avec l'eau. Aussi, l'influence de ces deux parametres sur les caracteristiques de la combustion et du boilover, ainsi que sur la caracterisation des fumees, a-t-elle ete etudiee
The Role of Programmed Necrosis in Colorectal Cancer

Simple Summary Necrosis is a type of cell death characterized by plasma membrane rupture and the induction of inflammation. This review focuses on colorectal cancer and outlines the role of programmed necrosis in tumor development. Potential strategies for anti-tumor treatment via targeting programmed necrosis are also discussed. Abstract For quite a long time, necrosis was considered a chaotic and unorganized form of cell death. However, studies conducted during the past few decades unveiled multiple types of programmed necrosis, such as necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. These types of programmed necrosis have been shown to play crucial roles in mediating pathological processes, including tumorigenesis. Almost all key mediators, such as RIPK3 and MLKL in necroptosis, GSDMD and caspase 1/11 in pyroptosis and GPX4 in ferroptosis, are highly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). An aberrant increase or decrease in programmed necrosis in IECs has been connected to intestinal disorders. Here, we review the pathways of programmed necrosis and the specific consequences of regulated necrosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Translational aspects of programmed necrosis induction as a novel therapeutic alternative against CRC are also discussed.
Creation of fermions by rotating charged black-holes

This work is devoted to the mathematical study of the Hawking effect for fermions in the setting of the collapse of a rotating charged star. We show that an observer who is located far away from the star and at rest with respect to the Boyer Lindquist coordinates observes the emergence of a thermal state when his proper time goes to infinity. We first introduce a model of the collapse of the star. We suppose that the space-time outside the star is given by the Kerr-Newman metric. The assumptions on the asymptotic behavior of the surface of the star are inspired by the asymptotic behavior of certain timelike geodesics in the Kerr-Newman metric. The Dirac equation is then written using coordinates and a Newman-Penrose tetrad which are adapted to the collapse. This coordinate system and tetrad are based on the so called simple null geodesics. The quantization of Dirac fields in a globally hyperbolic space-time is described. We formulate and prove a theorem about the Hawking effect in this setting. The proof of the theorem contains a minimal velocity estimate for Dirac fields that is slightly stronger than the usual ones and an existence and uniqueness result for solutions of a characteristic Cauchy problem for Dirac fields in the Kerr-Newman space-time. In an appendix we construct explicitly a Penrose compactification of block I of the Kerr-Newman space-time based on simple null geodesics. Résumé : Ce travail est dédiéà l'´ etude mathématique de l'effet Hawking pour des fermions dans le cadre de l'effondrement d'uné etoile chargée en rotation. On démontre qu'un observateur localisé loin de l'´ etoile et au repos par rapport aux coordonnées de Boyer-Lindquist observe l'´ emergence d'unétat thermal quand son temps propre tend vers l'infini. On introduit d'abord un modèle de l'effondrement de l'´ etoile. On suppose que l'espace-tempsà l'extérieur de l'´ etoile est donné par la métrique de Kerr-Newman. Les hypothèses sur le comportement asymptotique de la surface de l'´ etoile sont in-spirées par le comportement asymptotique de certaines géodésiques de type temps dans la métrique de Kerr-Newman. L'´ equation de Dirac est alorsécrite en utilisant des coordonnées et une tétrade de Newman-Penrose adaptésà l'effondrement. Ce système de coordonnées et cette tétrade sont basés sur des géodésiques qu'on appelle des géodésiques simples isotropes. La quantification des champs de Dirac dans un espace-temps globalement hyperbolique est décrite. On formule un théorème sur l'effet Hawking dans ce cadre. La …
Awareness of medicolegal aspects among dental practitioners of India

Statement of the Problem:In today’s era there has been a tremendous change in the doctor patient’s relationship leading to litigationswhich the medical and dental professionals have to face in their day to day practice. This trend is very disturbing and doctors find themselves standing on crossroads, as to how to proceed with patient’s treatment and care. Thus it is vital that all doctors and healthcare workers should be aware of the medical ethics and law. Purpose:The present study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of dental professionals practicing in India towards the awareness of medicolegal aspects. Materials and Method: In the present study, a self-administered closed-ended questionnaire was designed to conduct a cross-sectional study. It was distributed among 1077 dentists in various states of India. The questionnaire comprised 26 questions regarding knowledge and attitude of dentists towards awareness of medicolegal aspects. Frequency distribution and chi-square test along with paired t-test were used to compare the data obtained between the BDS and MDS dentists along with comparision on the basis of their age group and years of experience.
The relative frequency of pruritus in postherpetic neuralgia patients presenting to the pain clinic and associative factors

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common complication of herpes zoster, whereas postherpetic pruritus (PHP) a rare one. Although PHN has been extensively studied, few studies have investigated PHP. The purpose of this study was to investigate PHP incidence and associated factors in patients with PHN. This was a retrospective study of patients with PHN. A total of 645 patients were included. This study conducted in a single university hospital. Data included age, sex, height, weight, pain score, PHN site, medications, nerve blocks, and pulsed radiofrequency treatment. Data also included PHP onset and duration among those with PHP. We divided patients into 2 groups: the control group (group C), comprising those without PHP, and pruritus group (group P), comprising those with PHP. The correlation of PHP with other factors was analyzed. Of 207 patients, 58 were in group P whereas 149 in group C. The mean onset time and duration of PHP were 96.5 and 278.6 days, respectively. Pain scores were lower in group P than in group C after 3 and 4 months following vesicle formation. Patients with PHN in the trigeminal nerve had a higher incidence of PHP compared to those with PHN in others. Twenty-eight percent of patients with PHN developed PHP. At 3 and 4 months after vesicle formation, patients with PHP had greater pain improvement compared to those without. Patients with PHN in the trigeminal nerve also had a higher incidence of PHP compared to others.
University student understanding and reasoning on work–energy relations

An understanding the general principle of work and energy (GPWE) is essential to apply work and energy relations in general physics courses. In this paper, students’ reasoning about the GPWE is analysed in a social-constructivist theoretical framework of conceptual understanding and reasoning. We designed a questionnaire with open-ended questions to detect students’ difficulties with the concepts involved. The responses were analysed by defining explicative categories for student understanding. We have identified ‘intermediate frames’ for understanding GPWE. The ‘intermediate frames’ that students construct halfway between their prior knowledge and scientific understanding include reasoning, such as (a) considering superficial features and incorrectly analysing particular cases (b) not considering that the application of the GPWE is only valid in a previously chosen system.
Influence of rural women’s time allocation on their wealth statuses in busega district, tanzania

The study examined time allocation per day among household chores versus income generation activities that influence wealth statuses of rural women in Busega District, Tanzania. Cross-sectional research design was adopted to conduct the study. The methods applied for data collection include household survey, focus group discussions, non-participant observations and documentary reviews. Qualitative data were analysed through content analysis. Quantitative data were analysed through cross-tabulation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results show that, the means of hours used by rural women in conducting each activity per day were lopsided on household chores. The average time shows that each rural woman used approximately 6 hours for conducting household chores and at least two hours for income generation activities per day. Furthermore, the wealth statuses were established by computing Principal Component Analysis as it was revealed that the majority 62.9% (132) of the rural women were poor having low incomes. The tercile classification took account for below TZS 200,000 indicating poor, TZS 200,001 to 600,000 for middle and TZS 600,001 and above for better-off as higher income. The study concludes that rural women’s income growth has been hampered by the burden of household chores because they were limited to participate effectively in productive activities. The paper recommends that, the government through the Ministry of Community Development, Gender and Special Groups experts should foster interventions that are grounded on increasing rural women’s participation in income generation activities
On‐chip silicon 8‐channel hybrid (de)multiplexer enabling simultaneous mode‐ and polarization‐division‐multiplexing

An 8‐channel hybrid (de)multiplexer to simultaneously achieve mode‐ and polarization‐division‐(de)multiplexing is proposed and demonstrated experimentally on a silicon‐on‐insulator platform to improve the link capacity of an on‐chip optical interconnect. The present hybrid (de)multiplexer has four channels for each polarization. A polarization beam splitter based on a three‐waveguide coupler is used to combine/separate the fundamental modes of TE‐ and TM‐polarizations (TE0 and TM0). Six asymmetric directional couplers are cascaded for (de)multiplexing the high‐order modes (TE1, TE2, TE3, TM1, TM2, and TM3). The experimental results show all eight channels have low loss and low crosstalk (<−10 dB) over a ∼ 30 nm wavelength range.
TF ripple loss of alpha particles in TFTR DT experiments

Quantitative evaluation of TF ripple loss of DT alpha particles is a central issue for reactor design because of potentially severe first wall heat load problems. DT experiments on TFTR allow experimental measurements to be compared to modeling of the underlying alpha physics, with code validation an important goal. Modeling of TF ripple loss of alphas in TFTR now includes neoclassical calculations of alpha losses arising from first orbit loss, stochastic ripple diffusion, ripple trapping and collisional effects. Recent Hamiltonian coordinate guiding center code (ORBIT) simulations for TFTR have shown that collisions enhance the stochastic TF ripple losses at TFTR. A faster way to simulate experiment has been developed and is discussed here which uses a simple stochastic domain model for TF ripple loss within the TRANSP analysis code.
Essays on Nominal Determination: From morphology to discourse management

1. Contributors 2. The editors 3. Introduction (by Hoeg Muller, Henrik) 4. Determiners and definiteness: Functional semantics and structural differentiation (by Harder, Peter) 5. Articles, definite and indefinite (by Herslund, Michael) 6. Typological correlations in nominal determination in Romance (by Stark, Elisabeth) 7. A stranger in the house: The French article de (by Wilmet, Marc) 8. Determination in endocentric and exocentric languages: With evidence primarily from Danish and Italian (by Korzen, Iorn) 9. Bare predicate nominals in Romance languages (by Zamparelli, Roberto) 10. Definiteness effect and the role of the coda in existential constructions (by Leonetti, Manuel) 11. Determination of N2 modifiers in Spanish nominal syntagmatic compounds (by Hoeg Muller, Henrik) 12. Reference to individuals, person, and the variety of mapping parameters (by Longobardi, Giuseppe) 13. English th- forms (by Bernstein, Judy B.) 14. Stating the case for p- root and hw- root determiners (by Klinge, Alex) 15. On certain differences between noun phrases and clauses (by Fukui, Naoki) 16. Determination, nominalisation and conceptual processing (by Dam-Jensen, Helle) 17. The semantics and pragmatics of the possessive determiner (by Kleiber, Georges) 18. Reference, determiners and descriptive content (by Fretheim, Thorstein) 19. Index
Research on Mesoscale Nucleation and Growth Processes in Solution Crystallization: A Review

In recent studies, the existence of mesoscale precursors has been confirmed in crystallization. Different from the classical crystallization theory, which only considers the sequential attachment of basic monomers (atoms, ions, or molecules), the nonclassical crystallization process involving precursors such as prenucleation clusters, nanoparticles, and mesocrystals is more complicated. The mesoscale structure is important for the quantitative description and directional regulation of the solution crystallization process. It is necessary to explore the mechanism by the mesoscale scientific research methods on the base of traditional chemical engineering and process system engineering research methods. Therefore, the paper reviews several representative nonclassical nucleation and growth theories, mainly including two-step nucleation theory, prenucleation clusters theory, particle agglomeration theory, amorphous precursor growth theory, particle attachment growth theory and mesocrystal growth theory. Then, the mesoscale structure and its spatiotemporal dynamic behavior are discussed, and the application of the EMMS model in the nucleation and growth process is analyzed. Finally, we put forward our views on the prospect of the paradigms and theoretical innovations of using mesoscale methods in crystal nucleation and growth.
Bimodal length of stay in the accommodation sharing economy

This paper analyses the determinants of tourist length of stay in sharing accommodation. Methodologically, the paper proposes a new approach to account for the observed bimodality of length of stay. More specifically, the determinants of length of stay are analyzed by modeling both the conditional mean and conditional modal frequencies, which represent shorter and longer tourist stays, unlike previous contributions on length of stay where modeling has been based exclusively on the conditional mean. The empirical analysis examines the length of stay in sharing accommodation lodgings (Airbnb and Homeaway) of tourists visiting the Canary Islands (Spain) before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show a bimodal distribution of length of stay: 1 and 7 nights in the pre-pandemic period, reduced to 1 and 2 nights in the pandemic period. The results also indicate that the model approach followed in this paper is preferable to other previous bimodality models in terms of estimation simplicity and fit. In addition, the model allows an analysis of the determinants of length of stay and differentiation of the influence of each determinant on shorter and longer stays.
Learning Nonlocal Quadrature Contrast for Detection and Recognition of Infrared Rotary-Wing UAV Targets in Complex Background

Traditional data-driven algorithms suffer from data reliance, hyperparameter sensitivity, and faint characteristics in infrared (IR) “low, slow, and small” unmanned aerial vehicle target detection and recognition, resulting in performance degradation in complex backgrounds. Inspired by model-driven methods, this article proposes a learnable feature modulation module that uses prior knowledge to enhance feature representation. Specifically, this method converts the local contrast measure into a nonlocal quadrature difference measure in deep feature space, considering feature points that break semantic continuity as the potential target locations through a self-attentive approach. On this basis, considering the scale changes of aircraft targets during radial approach to IR detectors, a multiscale single-stage detector is designed by effective receptive field calculation. In this network structure, a bidirectional serial feature modulation method is used to fully retain the multiscale features of the target and ensure adaptability to point, spot, and area targets while satisfying real-time requirements. The ablation studies verify the effectiveness of each component and help determine the optimal parameter configuration. Finally, comparison experiments with state-of-the-art methods are conducted on a 10k scale IR dataset. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of this method is better than that of other baseline methods while ensuring real-time performance, especially in highly complex and low-contrast scenes, achieving superior higher target detection accuracy.
Measuring the size of things in the universe : HBT interferometry and heavy ion physics, proceedings of CRIS '98, 2nd Catania Relativistic Ion Studies, Acicastello, Italy, June 8-12, 1998

CRIS (Catania Relativistic Ion Studies) is a recently established series of topical conferences held every two years in the Catania area, in Italy. The aim of these conferences is to discuss specific hot topics in heavy ion physics.The second CRIS Conference was devoted to the interferometric techniques for measuring the size of nuclear sources as well as astrophysical objects. The thrust of its program was somewhat cross-disciplinary. A historical review of early astronomical measurements, and some current applications in astrophysics were included, although the bulk of the program was concerned with the use of HBT in inferring nuclear source sizes and lifetimes.