Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying Android Library Dependencies in the Presence of Code Obfuscation and Minimization

The fast growth of the Android app market motivates the need for tools and techniques to analyze and improve Android apps. A basic capability in this context is to identify the libraries present in a given Android app, including their exact version. The problem of identifying library dependencies is made difficult by two common build-time transformations, namely code minimization and obfuscation. Minimization typically incorporates used library fragments into an app, while obfuscation renames symbols globally across an app. In this paper, we tackle both of these challenges via a unified approach, which abstracts app and library classes into summaries of their interactions with system libraries. The summarization technique is resistant to obfuscation, and is amenable to efficient similarity detection (matching). We lift the class-wise matches into a set of library dependencies by encoding this problem as a global constraint/optimization system across all app classes and available libraries. Our techniques identify the exact libraries and their versions used in the apps, for clear apps the recall is almost perfect at 98%. For obuscated/minimized apps it stands at 85%.
Ligand-dependent Notch signaling strength orchestrates lateral induction and lateral inhibition in the developing inner ear

During inner ear development, Notch exhibits two modes of operation: lateral induction, which is associated with prosensory specification, and lateral inhibition, which is involved in hair cell determination. These mechanisms depend respectively on two different ligands, jagged 1 (Jag1) and delta 1 (Dl1), that rely on a common signaling cascade initiated after Notch activation. In the chicken otocyst, expression of Jag1 and the Notch target Hey1 correlates well with lateral induction, whereas both Jag1 and Dl1 are expressed during lateral inhibition, as are Notch targets Hey1 and Hes5. Here, we show that Jag1 drives lower levels of Notch activity than Dl1, which results in the differential expression of Hey1 and Hes5. In addition, Jag1 interferes with the ability of Dl1 to elicit high levels of Notch activity. Modeling the sensory epithelium when the two ligands are expressed together shows that ligand regulation, differential signaling strength and ligand competition are crucial to allow the two modes of operation and for establishing the alternate pattern of hair cells and supporting cells. Jag1, while driving lateral induction on its own, facilitates patterning by lateral inhibition in the presence of Dl1. This novel behavior emerges from Jag1 acting as a competitive inhibitor of Dl1 for Notch signaling. Both modeling and experiments show that hair cell patterning is very robust. The model suggests that autoactivation of proneural factor Atoh1, upstream of Dl1, is a fundamental component for robustness. The results stress the importance of the levels of Notch signaling and ligand competition for Notch function.
Counting Cats: Spatially Explicit Population Estimates of Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) Using Unstructured Sampling Data

Many ecological theories and species conservation programmes rely on accurate estimates of population density. Accurate density estimation, especially for species facing rapid declines, requires the application of rigorous field and analytical methods. However, obtaining accurate density estimates of carnivores can be challenging as carnivores naturally exist at relatively low densities and are often elusive and wide-ranging. In this study, we employ an unstructured spatial sampling field design along with a Bayesian sex-specific spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) analysis, to provide the first rigorous population density estimates of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in the Maasai Mara, Kenya. We estimate adult cheetah density to be between 1.28 ± 0.315 and 1.34 ± 0.337 individuals/100km2 across four candidate models specified in our analysis. Our spatially explicit approach revealed ‘hotspots’ of cheetah density, highlighting that cheetah are distributed heterogeneously across the landscape. The SECR models incorporated a movement range parameter which indicated that male cheetah moved four times as much as females, possibly because female movement was restricted by their reproductive status and/or the spatial distribution of prey. We show that SECR can be used for spatially unstructured data to successfully characterise the spatial distribution of a low density species and also estimate population density when sample size is small. Our sampling and modelling framework will help determine spatial and temporal variation in cheetah densities, providing a foundation for their conservation and management. Based on our results we encourage other researchers to adopt a similar approach in estimating densities of individually recognisable species.
Reverse Tree-based Key Routing: Robust Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Efficient and privacy-preserving data aggregation in a wireless sensor network (WSN) poses a tremendous challenge: how to cope with sensors compromise---once a sensor is compromised, its crypto material is compromised and so is privacy of aggregate data. To address this challenge, we propose two operationally simple and privacy-preserving protocols: PASKOS (Privacy-preserving based on Anonymously Shared Keys and Omniscient Sink) and PASKIS (Privacy-preserving based on Anonymously Shared Keys and Ignorant Sink). They leverage the idea that each node adds to its private sensed value a keyed value (computed from anonymously shared keys) and only uses the resulting sum in the data aggregation process. Our protocols guarantee that the sink is able to efficiently retrieve the aggregated original data by removing keyed values from the received aggregate while preserving the privacy of the aggregated data. Further, both protocols guarantee a high {\em data-loss resilience}---the sink retrieves the aggregate of the sensed values of only those nodes who actually participated in the aggregation process. \\* PASKOS effectively protects the privacy of any node against other nodes, by requiring $O(\log N)$ communication cost in the worst case and $O(1)$ on average, and requiring $O(1)$ memory and computation cost. PASKIS can even protect a node's privacy against a compromised sink, and it is more efficient, requiring only $O(1)$ overhead as for computation, communication, and memory; however, these gains in efficiency are traded-off with a (slightly) decreased level of privacy. Through formal analysis and simulations, we demonstrate the superior performance of our protocols against existing solutions in terms of privacy-preserving effectiveness, efficiency, and accuracy of computed aggregation.
Experimental and Analytical Studies of Moderate Aspect Ratio Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls

Experimental and analytical investigations were conducted to provide insight into the nonlinear cyclic response of moderate aspect ratio reinforced concrete structural walls. Five large-scale cantilever structural wall specimens, subjected to combined constant axial load and reversed cyclic lateral loading, were designed, constructed, instrumented, and tested. The wall specimens were designed to yield in flexure prior to loss of lateral load capacity. Primary test variables included aspect ratio (1.5 and 2.0), axial load level (0.025Agf'c and 0.10Agf'c), and wall shear stress level. Test results showed that substantial loss of lateral load capacity was observed for a variety of reasons, such as diagonal tension, diagonal compression, sliding shear, concrete crushing, and buckling of vertical reinforcement. Test results also indicated that significant strength loss was impacted by wall aspect ratio, axial load level, and wall shear stress level. Although various failure modes were observed for five wall specimens, drift ratio at substantial loss of lateral load capacity was approximately 3.0% for all tests. The average contribution of nonlinear shear deformations to the top lateral displacement varied between approximately 20 and 50%, with lower values for the aspect ratio 2.0 walls.Modeling parameters recommended by ASCE 41-06 and FEMA 356, including effective flexural and shear stiffness values, deformation capacities, and residual strengths, are compared with the corresponding values derived from test results. Current modeling approaches, including both uncoupled (P-M and V independent) and coupled (interaction between P-M and V) models, were used to assess their ability to capture the measured responses for the moderate aspect ratio structural walls. The investigation indicates that both models overestimate lateral load capacity and lateral stiffness, but with notable differences. In general, results for the uncoupled models are less consistent with the test results, indicating that coupled models are needed to adequately capture the responses of moderate aspect ratio walls. The primary shortcoming of the coupled model was the lack of cyclic material models. The detailed response information obtained from the heavily instrumented walls tested in this study provide essential data to develop robust analytical models, including models that account for cyclic nonlinear shear-flexure interaction.
A blobs detection algorithm based on a simplified form of the fast radial symmetry transform

Automatic blobs detection constitutes a basic but difficult problem. In this work a new fast blobs detection technique based on a scale-space representation of the original image, is proposed. The scale-space representation is constructed by using a new simplified form of the Fast Radial Symmetry Transform to precisely detect the essential blobs. From the experiments we have conducted, the proposed technique seems to outperform well known blobs detection methods such as the conventional FRST, Hough and SIFT based techniques, in both accuracy and detection rate. In addition, the proposed technique can be used for the automatic and perfect elimination of the well known Moiré effect which substantially degrades the quality of radiography (x-ray) images.
A high aspect ratio SU-8 fabrication technique for hollow microneedles for transdermal drug delivery and blood extraction

Protein drugs, e.g. hormonal drugs, cannot be delivered orally to a patient as they get digested in the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract. Thus, it is imperative that these kinds of drugs are delivered transdermally through the skin. To provide for real-time feedback as well as to test independently for various substances in the blood, we also need a blood sampling system. Microneedles can perform both these functions. Further, microneedles made of silicon or metal have the risk of breaking inside the skin thereby leading to complications. SU-8, being approved of as being biocompatible by the Food and Drug Agency (FDA) of the United States, is an attractive alternative because firstly it is a polymer material, thereby reducing the chances of breakages inside the skin, and secondly it is a negative photoresist, thereby leading to ease of fabrication. Thus, here we present very tall (around 1600 µm) SU-8 polymer-based hollow microneedles fabricated by a simple and repeatable process, which are a very good candidate for transdermal drug delivery as well as blood extraction. The paper elaborates on the details that allow the fabrication of such extreme aspect ratios (>100).
Performance analysis of a cooperative MAC

A good approximate analytical formulation of the saturated throughput of a Cooperative MAC (CoopMAC) is presented via a two-dimensional discrete-time Markov chain rather than using an approximation. A helper node is used to relay packets from the source node to the destination node within a coverage via a faster two-hop link if possible. The analytical model is formulated with a number of data rates and their corresponding distances. The critical probabilities that at least a helper node exists in different regions to relay packets are explicitly derived through areas of the intersection of the coverages of the source and destination nodes using different data rates to the helper node. By using the weighted sum of the probabilities of the statistics of each of the stations, the saturated throughput of CoopMAC protocol is explicitly derived. Numerical results of the saturated throughput show that the agreement between the simulation and the new analytical results for CoopMAC is very good.
The Design of Inventory Dynamic Query System in Printing Enterprises

Good inventory management not only can reduce the costs of printing enterprises, but also can reduce inventory loss and give enough material for the enterprise production. It is an important part of inventory management for printing enterprise to get dynamic query and statistics of beginning stocks, in stocks, out stocks and current stocks. In this paper, aiming at the present situation of printing enterprise inventory management and the current domestic printing enterprise actual requirement, we achieve the dynamic query function on the printing enterprise material by using the JSP + SQL Server 2000 technology, which is based on browser/server (B/S) mode, and we also give the method and database structure to do it.
Object Recognition Using Hough-transform C lustering of SURF Features

This paper proposes an object recognition approach intended for extracting, analyzing and clustering of features from RGB image views from given objects. Extracted features are matched with features in learned object models and clustered in Hough-space to find a consistent object pose. Hypotheses for valid poses are verified by computing a homography from detected features. Using that homography features are back projected onto the input image and the resulting area is checked for possible presence of other objects. This approach is applied by our team homer[at]UniKoblenz in the RoboCup[at]Home league. Besides the proposed framework, this work offers the computer vision community with online programs available as open source software.
The Feasibility Analysis of Electrical-Discharge Machining of Carbon-Carbon Composites

Abstract The objective of this research is to investigate the feasibility of using Electrical-Discharge Machining (EDM) for carbon-carbon composite materials as well as the effects of major machining parameters. The material was machined by electrical-discharge sinker using copper electrode. The mechanism of material removal has been revealed by the morphology of debris. The material removal rate, the surface topography and the recast layer that remains on the workpiece surface were studied in terms of EDM processing variables (e.g., pulse current and pulse duration time). The machined surface showing resolidification was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A qualitative energy dispersive spectroscopic analyzer was used to measure the amount of migrated alloy in the workpiece and the chemical composition of recast layer. The machining damage, the recast layer, and the mass transfer was proportional to the power input. The EDM process is a feasible method for machining of carbon-carbon composites.
Exploiting Passthrough Information for Multi-view Object Reconstruction with Sparse and Noisy Laser Data

We describe a probabilistic model for utilizing passthrough information for producing 3D geometry models from a rotating laser scanner. Our method is fast, performs particularly well with relatively sparse data, is robust to noise of the depth data and naturally handles grazing points. We demonstrate our results on the HERB platform where the robot automatically builds a watertight 3D model of an object it is handed. This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EEC-0540865.
The coherence properties of supercontinuum spectra generated in photonic crystal fiber

Temporal coherence property of supercontinuum (SC) generated in a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) pumped by Ti:sapphire fs laser was experimentally studied by using a modified Michelson interferometer. The coherence length of supercontinuum light was measured to characterize the temporal coherence property. The coherence lengths of supercontinuum and pump laser were measured to be 6.5 μm and 59.14 μm, respectively. The shortened coherence length of supercontinuum output from the PM-PCF was due to the broadened spectrum. Moreover, the interferogram evolution versus the supercontinuum spectra was also investigated. It was indicated that the flatter the supercontinuum was, the better the interferogram was.
Development of Alternative Parameters to Evaluate the Temperature Susceptibility of Asphalt Binders

A commonly used and simple test method for evaluating asphalt binder temperature susceptibility is the penetration test. There was experimental measurement and quantification of the penetration index (PI) of six different asphalt binders in this study. Using study data analysis as a basis, it was found that the PI calculated according to Chinese specifications highly depends on analysis model, test specifications, and test temperature. Errors are introduced into the estimation of asphalt binder temperature susceptibility by these factors. To evaluate asphalt temperature susceptibility at the intermediate-high and low temperature ranges, the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR) were utilized, respectively. Study results indicated the stiffness measured using the BBR and the storage modulus estimated using the DSR were more reliable temperature susceptibility parameters than the PI. Considering these findings, the variation rates of the storage modulus and stiffness common logarithm were proposed as standard parameters in lieu of the PI for asphalt binder temperature susceptibility characterization.
Processing thermal stability and degradation kinetics of poly(vinyl chloride)/montmorillonite composites

Thermal stability of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based montmorillonite composites with either sodium montmorillonite (MMT) or alkyl ammonium ion modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The apparent activation energies associated with the first thermal degradation stage were calculated by the methods of Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger in nitrogen atmosphere at several different heating rates. The processing thermal stability of PVC and PVC/MMT(OMMT) composites was also discussed. Increase of mixing torque did not result in a larger intercalation extent of PVC on MMT; instead, it unexpectedly induced discoloration of PVC and then deteriorated the processing stability, especially in the presence of OMMT. The apparent activation energies in the first thermal degradation stage exhibited little difference among PVC, PVC/MMT, and PVC/OMMT composites, and the kinetic compensation effect of Sp* kept a constant value, indicating that the thermal stability and thermal degradation mechanism of PVC were not affected by the presence of either MMT or OMMT, although the processing discoloration of PVC is observed for PVC/OMMT composite. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1521–1526, 2004
Improvement of signal to noise ratio (SNR) in ECG signals based on dual-band continuous wavelet transform

For ECG signal analysis, a QRS detection algorithm is very important. The QRS detection algorithm consists of two steps, i.e., ECG preprocessing and ECG beat detection. In preprocessing step, noises in ECG signals are removed. The higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) after noise removal in preprocessing step leads to the less complicated algorithm in beat detection step and the increase in accuracy. However, ECG signals have various types in the real situation such as normal beat and premature ventricular contraction (PVC) beat. Each type of beat has its own frequency response. Therefore, we propose the dual-band continuous wavelet transform to maximize the SNR of ECG signals after noise removal in this paper. The proposed algorithm was evaluated with the ECG signals from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Results demonstrate the feasibility of the method.
Focussed palmtop information access through starfield displays and profile matching

This paper presents two palmtop applications: Taeneb CityGuide and Taeneb ConferenceGuide. Both applications are centred around Starfield displays on palmtop computers – this provides fast, dynamic access to information on a small platform. The paper describes the applications focussing on this novel palmtop information access method and on the user-profiling aspect of the CityGuide, where restaurants are recommended to users based on both the match of restaurant type to the users’ observed previous interactions and the rating given by reviewers with similar observed preferences.
Highly-sensitive epinephrine sensors based on organic electrochemical transistors with carbon nanomaterial modified gate electrodes

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have been found to be excellent transducers for various types of biosensors. Here, we report highly sensitive epinephrine sensors based on OECTs prepared on glass substrates by a solution process. The device performance is optimized by immobilizing Nafion and carbon-based nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes, graphene and graphene oxide, on the gate electrodes of OECTs. The detection limit of the sensors is down to 0.1 nM, which can cover the concentration level of epinephrine in medical detections. Considering that the devices can be prepared by a facile solution process with low cost, the highly sensitive epinephrine sensors will be ideal transducers for disposable applications in the future.
Automatic speech recognition with an adaptation model motivated by auditory processing

The mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) or perceptual linear prediction (PLP) feature extraction typically used for automatic speech recognition (ASR) employ several principles which have known counterparts in the cochlea and auditory nerve: frequency decomposition, mel- or bark-warping of the frequency axis, and compression of amplitudes. It seems natural to ask if one can profitably employ a counterpart of the next physiological processing step, synaptic adaptation. We, therefore, incorporated a simplified model of short-term adaptation into MFCC feature extraction. We evaluated the resulting ASR performance on the AURORA 2 and AURORA 3 tasks, in comparison to ordinary MFCCs, MFCCs processed by RASTA, and MFCCs processed by cepstral mean subtraction (CMS), and both in comparison to and in combination with Wiener filtering. The results suggest that our approach offers a simple, causal robustness strategy which is competitive with RASTA, CMS, and Wiener filtering and performs well in combination with Wiener filtering. Compared to the structurally related RASTA, our adaptation model provides superior performance on AURORA 2 and, if Wiener filtering is used prior to both approaches, on AURORA 3 as well.
Physical electrochemistry : principles, methods, and applications

Fundamentals of physical electrochemistry heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics at metallic electrodes solid-state electrochemistry digital simulation with the fast implicit finite difference algorithm - the development of a general simulator for electrochemical processes electrochemistry at ultramicroelectrodes scanning probe techniques in electrochemistry scanning electrochemical microscopy electrochemical impedance spectroscopy - principles, instrumentation, and applications principles and applications of the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance in situ synchrotron techniques in electrochemistry recent applications of ellipsometry and spectroellipsometry in electrochemical systems analysis of surface layers on well-defined electrode surfaces electrodeposition of II-VI semiconductors electronically conducting soluble polymers.