Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planning and the Challenges of the Metropolitan Landscape: Innovation in the Netherlands

Abstract The physical appearance of the Netherlands is rapidly changing. The land of prosperous towns and villages embedded in rich, flat and open agricultural land is turning into a metropolis. A distinctive quality of this metropolis is the mix of highly urbanized centres and open, green areas that come in different shapes and sizes. But how to design an appropriate planning system for this environment? Mixing “red” (urban) and “green” (rural) land uses, for instance, now becomes problematic as Dutch spatial planning has always focused primarily on the urban domain whereas planning of green areas has its origins in agricultural land consolidation policy. A genuinely integrated approach to the planning of built-up areas and green areas in the open spaces is a distant ideal in this setting. In addition, the regional administrative level, being so important for metropolitan spatial challenges, needs reinforcing. The authors make a plea for a reframing of the notion of spatial planning at the national and provincial geographical and administrative scale. It takes a new object for planning, design and analysis to do the trick. The traditional rural–urban opposition is traded for “metropolitan landscape”, a new image reflecting the integration of built-up and non-built-up distinctively urban and rural land uses. Planning for the metropolitan landscape requires a reassignment of duties and responsibilities among national, provincial and municipal governments and other stakeholders.
Modelling the housing market in OECD countries

Recent episodes of housing bubbles, which occurred in several economies after the burst of the United States housing market, suggest studying the evolution of housing prices from a global perspective. We utilise a theoretical model for the purposes of this contribution, which identifies the main drivers of housing price appreciation, such as, for example, income, residential investment, financial elements, fiscal policy and demographics. In a second stage of our analysis, we test our theoretical hypothesis by means of a sample of 18 OECD countries from 1970 to 2011. We employ the vector error correction econometric technique in terms of our empirical analysis, which permits us to model the long-run equilibrium relationship and the short-run dynamics, which also helps to account for endogeneity and reverse causality problems.
Lying in defence of privacy: anthropological and methodological observations

ABSTRACT This article deals with three topics: lying, privacy and anthropological research. Their complex intertwinement is analysed using fieldwork notes and through engagement with relevant literature from various disciplines. Experiences of privacy, among researchers as well as among respondents, is underexposed in the literature on social research methodology. Furthermore, lying is sometimes the only effective way to protect one’s privacy. Starting from a research experience with lying respondents in Ghana, I discuss the various circumstances and reasons that lead to lying in defence of privacy, and in particular, concerns about respect in the context of research. Next, I return to the concept of privacy and explicate cultural variations in the experience of privacy. I then look at the consequences for research ethics. The paradoxical conclusion is that lying, a discredited tool of deception, is often applied in order to uphold a widely accepted basic human necessity of life – privacy. Qualitative social researchers should take these concerns about privacy and respect into account and engage in conversations that do not threaten the security of their interlocutors.
Regression model for interval-valued variables based on copulas

In real problems, it is usual to have the available data presented as intervals. Therefore, different approaches have been proposed to obtain a regression model for this new type of data. In this paper, we represent the interval-valued response variable as a bivariate random vector and we consider the copula's theory to propose a general bivariate distribution for Z, creating a more flexible random component to the model. Inference techniques and a residual definition based on deviance are considered, as well as applications to synthetic and real data sets that demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach. The new method is also compared with other methods reported in the literature.
Interpreting interviews

Interviews have long been the ‘bread and butter’ of qualitative research. They tend to be seen as an effective way of generating data by those engaged in the study and interpretation of human experience. However, there has been some criticism of the ‘basic assumptions of interviews being about the expression and transformation of knowledge from people out there to the researcher’ (p. 3). The idea that interviews do not ‘function as a pipeline for the transmission of meaning and experience’ (p.vii) is the starting point for this book. Alvesson sets out to address three aims, the first of which is to critique the conventional view of the interview in social research. He achieves this in Chapter 2, where he discusses three major positions taken towards interviewing (neo-positivism, romanticism and localism) and raises the question of ‘Whether the interview reveals the truth about some external reality or stable personal meaning/experience, or whether it reflects more the local dynamics and contingencies of the interview situation’ (p. 27). This is the central argument of the book, that the interview is a complex social situation rather than a simple instrument to be used in ‘Tapping interviewees for knowledge’ (p. 35). At times, it may seem as if Alvesson is arguing against the use of interviews as a method, but he is instead arguing against the tendency to use them naïvely, without due consideration for the agency of the participant and the difficult relationship between ‘knowing’ and ‘telling’. A good researcher remains reflexive and acknowledges her/his own role in co-constructing the data, but Alvesson encourages the reader to also think about the important influence of the interview situation and the interviewee. The suggestion that research participants have their own agendas and engage in impression management is hardly original. However, Alvesson’s proposed solution to the interview ‘problem’ is interesting. A metaphor approach is used to address the second aim of Interpreting Interviews, which is to ‘suggest utilizing interviews in ways that are more theoretically well-informed’ (p. 6). In Chapter 4, some common metaphors are set out – for example, the researcher as a miner or traveller – and then problematised before an alternative approach is offered in Chapter 5. This involves eight new metaphors for interviews that represent ‘a repertoire of interpretive resources counteracting commonsensical and instrumentalist positions’ (p. 75). Novice researchers may struggle to understand how these metaphors can be applied in practice, even though an illustrative example is used throughout the chapter. Then again, the purpose of this book is not to provide a technical guide to conducting interviews, but rather to prepare the reader to deal with complexity and encourage them to remain open-minded. The final aim is to propose a meta-theory of the research interview and this is described in Chapter 6 as a reflexive pragmatist International Journal of Social Research Methodology Vol. 15, No. 6, November 2012, 545–548
Modelling the growth of preruminant calves

The emphasis in meat production has shifted from maximizing production volume to the efficient production of lean meat. Body composition can to a large extent be manipulated by nutritional means. It does, however, require integrated knowledge of protein and energy metabolism. Two experiments were performed with male, preruminant calves, to quantify the relationship between nutrient intake (protein, energy) and the rate of gain of live weight, protein and fat in the live weight range 80 to 240 kg. These experiments showed that calves in this weight range respond to increased protein intake by increasing their protein and fat deposition rates. The utilization of digested protein decreased from 60% at low protein intake levels to 35% at high protein intake levels. Extra protein-free energy results mainly in extra fat deposition, but also increases protein deposition rate, even at low protein intakes. Subsequently, the results of these experiments were used for the construction of a dynamic, mechanistic growth simulation model. The model predicts rates of gain of body weight, body fat and body protein (in several tissues) from nutrient intake. It can also be used to predict amino acid requirements. Protein and fat accretion rates obtained in independent experiments could be simulated satisfactorily. Additional measurements, performed in the experiments showed that the rate of muscle protein degradation, measured by the urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine, increased with increasing protein deposition rates. Furthermore, it was shown that plasma levels of triiodothyronine strongly respond to increased intake of protein-free energy but hardly to increased protein intakes. In contrast, plasma levels of thyroxine and insulin-like growth factor-1 were increased by increasing protein intake, but unaffected by increased protein-free energy intake levels.
Identification, distribution, and plant associations of plant-parasitic nematodes in Tennessee.

A survey of the plant-parasitic nematode fauna of Tennessee was conducted to determine number and distribution of species, and associations of plant-use types with nematode species. Seventy-five species in 26 genera were identified mostly by examining soil samples, but also by searching published records and personal communications. Helicotylenchus spp. were most abundant, occurring in 63.2% of all samples, followed by Pratylenchus spp. (43.6%), Tylenchorhynchus spp. sensu lato (43.1%), Meloidogyne spp. (41.0%), Xiphinema spp. (32.0%) and Criconemoides spp. sensu lato (29.0%). The most common species identified were H. pseudorobustus, Hoplolaimusgaleatus, M. incognita, Paratylenchus projectus, Pratylenchus scribneri, Quinisulcius acutus, and X. americanum. Species diversity appeared greatest in turf, field crop, woody ornamental, and commercial vegetable associations. COVER PHOTO: Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, the most commonly collected plant parasitic nematode in Tennessee.
A Comparative Study on the Radula of Three Coleoid Cephalopods

Radula is a unique feeding organ in mollusc speci丘cally to gastropods and cephalopods. They are useful to grind the food besides other functions. The radula for gastropods is classi丘ed into different types but there is no such classification for cephalopod radula. There have been differences in opinion due to the variation and complexity in the radula of individual species of cephalopods. In the present study, the radula of two cuttlefishes (Sepia prashadi, Sepiella inermis) and a squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) were studied and the different structures of the individual tooth in the radula are found to be valuable for the taxonomical men雌cation and con丘imation of the species.
Deletion residuals in the detection of heterogeneity of variances in linear regression

The heterogeneity of error variance often causes a huge interpretive problem in linear regression analysis. Before taking any remedial measures we first need to detect this problem. A large number of diagnostic plots are now available in the literature for detecting heteroscedasticity of error variances. Among them the ‘residuals’ and ‘fits’ (R–F) plot is very popular and commonly used. In the R–F plot residuals are plotted against the fitted responses, where both these components are obtained using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. It is now evident that the OLS fits and residuals suffer a huge setback in the presence of unusual observations and hence the R–F plot may not exhibit the real scenario. The deletion residuals based on a data set free from all unusual cases should estimate the true errors in a better way than the OLS residuals. In this paper we propose ‘deletion residuals’ and the ‘deletion fits’ (DR–DF) plot for the detection of the heterogeneity of error variances in a linear regression model to get a more convincing and reliable graphical display. Examples show that this plot locates unusual observations more clearly than the R–F plot. The advantage of using deletion residuals in the detection of heteroscedasticity of error variance is investigated through Monte Carlo simulations under a variety of situations.
Renewable energy consumption and agriculture: evidence for cointegration and Granger causality for Tunisian economy

ABSTRACT This paper uses the vector error correction model (VECM) and Granger causality tests to investigate short and long-run relationships between per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, real gross domestic product (GDP), renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, trade openness ratio and agricultural value added (AVA) in Tunisia spanning the period 1980–2011. The Johansen-Juselius test shows that all our considered variables are cointegrated. Short-run Granger causality tests reveal the existence of bidirectional causalities between AVA and CO2 emissions, and between AVA and trade. There are short-run unidirectional causalities running from non-renewable energy and GDP to AVA and to renewable energy, and running from CO2 emissions to renewable energy. Interestingly, there are long-run bidirectional causalities between all considered variables. Our long-run parameters estimates show that non-renewable energy, trade and AVA increase CO2 emissions, whereas renewable energy reduces CO2 emissions. In addition, the inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is not supported. Our policy recommendations are to increase international economic exchanges because this gives new opportunities to the agricultural sector to develop and to benefit from renewable energy technology transfer. Subsidizing renewable energy use in the agricultural sector enables it to become more competitive on the international markets while polluting less and contributing to combat global warming.
Australian primary in-service teachers’ conceptions of geography

This paper reports on the second part of a two pronged qualitative investigation that examines the ways in which Australian primary teachers conceptualise geography and geography teaching. In the first part of the project, 47 pre-service primary teachers were surveyed. In this paper, I draw on interviews with six in-service primary teachers to explore their experiences, conceptions and perceptions of geography. The findings indicate a noticeable difference between the conceptions of geography held by experienced teachers and those of early career, in-service teachers. Similar to the pre-service teachers studied in part one of this study, the early career teachers had a narrow, information-oriented conception of geography and geography education. Conversely, the experienced teachers portrayed more complex, relational and process-oriented perspectives. The paper concludes by exploring some of the implications for the implementation of the new National geography curriculum in Australia.
Turkeys

Differences in rate of growth, body weight, conformation, egg production, hatchability, and other characteristics of turkeys are of practical importance to the turkey grower and to the turkey breeder. There is a good deal of evidence to show that such characteristics are inherited and that selection in a breeding program is effective in improving turkeys with respect to any of these characteristics. It is also known that heritable characteristics are influenced by environmental factors. It is not always easy to separate these hereditary and environmental factors, but the action of genes or hereditary factors on the characteristics of turkeys may be illustrated by examples:
Components of the Prototype/Willingness Model as Concurrent and Prospective Predictors of Adolescents' Alcohol Consumption

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of vulnerability, subjective norms, prototypes and willingness on alcohol use concurrently (T1) and prospectively (two years later; T2) on 126 high school students. Alcohol consumption by friends and parents and willingness were concurrently positively related to alcohol use. Perception of vulnerability was a positive predictor only when parents' subjective norms were included in analysis. Considering alcohol consumption at T2, willingness, friends' alcohol consumption, and friends' reaction were significant predictors of drinking. While willingness has had a consistent contribution to drinking, parents' influence becomes weaker in comparison to the friends' as adolescents get older.
Is Public Service Motivation Related to Overall and Dimensional Work-Unit Performance as Indicated by Supervisors?

ABSTRACT Due to the use of self-reported data and mixed findings, doubts have been raised about the positive relationships found between public service motivation (PSM) and performance. This study aims to provide a robust test of the PSM–performance relationship by using work-unit supervisor ratings, thereby decreasing the risk of common-source bias. Further, this study provides a robustness test by analyzing the relationship between PSM and overall performance, as well as with various dimensions thereof (output, efficiency, service outcome, responsiveness, and resilience). Survey data on employees in 55 work-units of a healthcare organization were analyzed using multiple regression. The results indicate that PSM is significantly related to overall performance but, when regressed on the separate dimensions, PSM is not significantly related to efficiency and responsiveness. The results have implications for both theory and practice as they show that whether PSM relates to performance depends on how performance is conceptualized.
Fast automated multi-criteria planning for HDR brachytherapy explored for prostate cancer

We developed a fast and fully-automated, multi-criteria treatment planning workflow for high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT). In this workflow, the patient-CT with catheter reconstructions and dwell positions are imported from the clinical TPS into a novel system for automated dwell time optimisation. The optimised dwell times are then imported into the clinical TPS. The aims of automation were (1) planner-independent, enhanced plan quality, (2) short optimisation times. Our in-house developed system for fully automated, multi-criteria external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) treatment planning (Erasmus-iCycle) was adapted for optimisation of HDR-BT dose distributions. The investigations were performed with planning CT scans with catheter reconstructions and delineations of twenty-five low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients who were previously treated in our center with Gy HDR-BT. Automatically generated plans (autoplans) were compared to the corresponding clinical plans. All evaluations were performed in the clinical TPS. The requested 95% tumour coverage was obtained for all autoplans, while this was only observed in 23/25 clinical plans. All autoplans showed a consistent reduction of the for the highest prioritised OAR, the urethra. The average and maximum reductions were 6.3%-point and 12.1%-point of the prescribed dose, respectively. In addition, conformality of the autoplans was higher. The autoplans had slightly smaller delivery times. Autoplanning took on average 4.6 s, including computation of the dose kernels.
Evaluating Results of Public Sector Reforms in Rechtsstaat Countries: The Role of Context and Processes in the Reform of the Italian and French Cultural Heritage System

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the results of public management reform in Italy, focusing on its managerial significance in the field of cultural heritage. The primary aim is to overcome the general lack of studies analyzing the impact of managerial reforms in governments with a Rechtsstaat tradition and to understand if, besides the political and institutional context characterized by a highly legalistic system, there are other important factors that might affect results of reforms. Through an in-depth analysis of the reform of the Italian ministry and a comparison with the French museum sector, the paper demonstrates that the way in which the process of change is managed significantly affects the results of reform. Specifically, the author affirms that, in order to obtain good reform results, a greater active involvement of senior bureaucrats in the process of designing reforms is necessary.
Cheese

Cheese is a solid derivative of milk. It is produced by coagulating the protein (CAESIN) in milk so that it forms curds usually by adding RENNET (outer agent used to seperate the milk protein) and draining off the liquid (WHEY). Cheese then undergoes a ripening process, during which it changes in taste, texture and appearance and each variety takes on its own particular characteristics. Some cheeses develop veining during ripening, while other form holes or 'EYES'. Veining is caused by a bacteria in the cheese, which may occur naturally, or may be introduced. All cheeses develop a rind or crust of some sort, or are given one artificially such as red wax rind of EDAM. Some cheeses, such as BRIE & CAMEMBERT, develop a mould on the outside surface which produces enzymes which help ripen the cheese from outside towards the center. Most cheese is made from 'EWES' milk with a small amount made from 'COWS' or `GOATS' milk. The type of milk and the different techniques used to seperate the curds and whey and ripen the cheese result in the many different types of cheese. Climate, vegetation and seasonal changes can also influence the finished cheese, which means that some varieties can only be produced in a certain area and cannot br produced in large quantities or under factory conditions. CHEDDAR, however lends itself well to factory techniques. Although CAESIN makes up 78% of the milk protein, there are other proteins present in smaller quantities, but they are soluble and are drained out with the WHEY. The whey may be then processed to curdle the remaining protein and used to make low fat cheese such as RICOTTA a moist, unsalted Italian cheese.