Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SP27 Pulsed radiofrequency in chronic shoulder pain: a state of the art review

tion in the easiest approach where this block can be performed safely under ultrasound guidance. Typically in our institution this block is performed transgluteal or subgluteal. For the transgluteal approach a convex probe is placed over the gluteus maximus in the interspace between the greater trochanter and the ischial tuberosity. Between these bony ultrasound marks lies the quadratus femoris muscle. The sciatic nerve is located over this muscle and under the gluteus maximus between these bony landmarks. Subgluteal is another approach in case of elevated BMI. In this approach a convex or a linear probe is placed under the gluteal fold with the patient in lateral decubitus and the thigh flexed. In this region the sciatic nerve lies above the adductor magnus and between the biceps femoris and semitendinosus. The probe is firstly placed over the ischial tuberosity where biceps femoris and semitendinosus originate, then is moved caudally to identify the belly of these two muscles. The needle is inserted laterally to medial in an in-plane approach and 15 to 20 ml of anaesthetic is injected. In order to manage pain from the posterior compartment without compromising motor strength, Sinha proposed in 2012 an ultrasound (US)-guided local anaesthetic infiltration between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the knee (IPACK). Further investigations outlined that iPACK block reduced opioid consumption providing further effective analgesia if added to the FNB following TKA. Moreover, iPACK with ACB provided equivalent analgesia and improved physical therapy performance, allowing earlier hospital discharge. The iPACK block is performed by placing a convex probe over the popliteal fossa. After the femoral condyles are identified the probe is moved cranially until the condyles disappear. The target lies between the bone landmark and the popliteal artery. The needle is inserted in-plane medial to lateral in order to avoid tibial or peroneal nerve damage and once the needle reaches the target 20 ml of local anaesthetic is injected. Conclusion We are now living in a very bright era in regional anaesthesia. Our knowledge is more and more complete in the innervation of the knee and this, in conjunction with the evolution of ultrasound technology allows us to manage postoperative analgesia in an effective, accurate and tailor made strategy. PNBs are now considered essential procedures to manage perioperative analgesia. To date we can suggest to perform an ACB in every patient for the management of TKA. An iPACK block can be added in selected patients considering the clinical setting, the surgical approach and early discharge strategies. We recommend anyway not to underestimate the learning of other approaches because being flexible increases the chances to fit into your case
Effects of Land Use on Water Quality: Summit Creek, Smithfield, Utah

The effects of various land uses on water quality in Summit Creek were evaluated during the period beginning March 13, 1971, and ending October 27, 1971. Potential sources of pollution investigated were: (1) septic tank use, (2) feedlot runoff, (3) urban runoff, (4) rural runoff. Samples were collected from five sampling stations on 16 separate days during the sampling period. Analyses were performed to determine the following constituents: ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, coliform bacteria, chloride, suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, total carbon, organic carbon, temperature, and pH. Agricultural activities, including livestock feedlot operations, were identified as the major source of pollutant inputs to Summit Creek. No significant pollutant inputs could be attributed to septic tank use, urban runoff, or rural runoff.
‘ Poverty , Equity and Growth in Developing and Transition Countries : Statistical Methods and Empirical Analysis

Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in developing countries are typically considered to be severely credit constrained. Additionally, high business risks may partly explain why capital stocks of MSEs remain low. This article analyzes the determinants of capital stocks of MSEs in poor economies focusing on credit constraints and risk. The analysis is based on a unique, albeit cross-sectional but backward-looking, micro data set on MSEs covering the economic capitals of seven West-African countries. The main result is that capital market imperfections indeed seem to explain an important part of the variation in capital stocks in the early lifetime of MSEs. Furthermore, the analyses show that risk plays a key role for capital accumulation. Risk-averse individuals seem to adjust their initially low capital stocks upwards when enterprises grow older. MSEs in risky activities owned by wealthy individuals even seem to over-invest when they start their business and adjust capital stocks downwards subsequently. As other firms simultaneously suffer from capital shortages, such behaviour may imply large inefficiencies.
Predicting Bird Diversity with Lidar-derived Vegetation Structure in an African Savanna

Vegetation structural complexity and the diversity of animal communities are closely linked in vegetated ecosystems. These structure-diversity relationships have the potential to be used to predict biodiversity at large spatial scales using remote sensing data. However, structure-diversity relationships may not be generalizable across different ecosystems or even across ecotypes within a single ecosystem. To understand how structure-diversity relationships vary within the tree-grass mosaic of a savanna environment, we evaluated how bird diversity relates to vegetation structure at multiple scales and across environmental gradients in an East African savanna-the Selenkay Conservancy in southern Kenya. We obtained detailed characterizations of vegetation structure using Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) from Unoccupied Aerial Vehicle (UAV) surveys, and related vegetation structure metrics to bird diversity metrics (Shannon diversity and species richness) collected at 50 sites spread inside and outside of the Selenkay Conservancy. We compared structure-diversity relationships across environmental gradients, including soil type (red and black soils) and protected status (inside and outside the conservancy). We also compared structure-diversity models at multiple scales, testing how relationships changed with scale. We found significant structure-diversity relationships with improved performed at larger spatial scales (≥ 50 m radius or 0.79 ha circular plots). Models of Shannon diversity performed better than those of species richness. While most structure-diversity relationships only applied to specific soil types, certain models showed the potential to be generalized across soil types, explaining ~55-59% of the variance. We found that strong relationships exist between vegetation structure and bird diversity in savannas. While most structure-diversity relationships were only applicable to specific soil types, several vegetation metrics were able to track bird diversity across the entire landscape, performing well in both red
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF GRADUATE SOCIAL WORK PROGRAMS TO IDENTIFY METHODS UTILIZED IN TEACHING STUDENTS CULTURALLY COMPETENT PRACTICE

Abstract Jack B. Lewis, Jr. Joretha Bourjolly, MSW, PhD. Background: The NASW Code of Ethics charges social workers to be ethically responsible by providing culturally competent practice. The CSWE EPAS addresses teaching culturally competent social work practice in graduate education by requiring the inclusion of diversity content in the social work curriculum. Methods: This research examined the methods utilized by graduate social work programs to teach culturally competent practice to students utilizing diversity content. Data was collected through the analysis of interview transcripts with 12 study participants and the content analysis of 75 course syllabi submitted by the study participants. Analysis: The following concepts derived from the Cultural Competence Practice (CCP) model (Lum, 2011; Fong, 2001): 1. Cultural Awareness, 2. Cultural Values, 3. Knowledge Acquisition, and 4. Skill Development and, 5. Inductive Learning were utilized to guide the content analysis of the interview transcripts and seventyfive course syllabi. Any additional codes that emerged during analysis were also noted and discussed. Results: The study findings reflected that the graduate social work programs in the study sample taught cultural competent social work practice to students through varying combinations of three methods: a. Courses; b. Field Education and c. Non-Course Related Strategies e.g., student organizations, events, and/or community service projects. This limited exploratory study indicates CSWE accredited graduate social work programs utilize various methods to teach culturally competent practice to students. Clinical implications, limitations and further research are discussed. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Social Work (DSW) First Advisor Joretha Bourjolly, Ph.D., M.S.W. Second Advisor Rowena Fong, Ed.D. , M.S.W. This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations_sp2/23 Third Advisor Kevin Corcoran, Ph. D. , J.D. , M.S.W.
Monthly Strontium/Calcium oscillations in symbiotic coral aragonite: Biological effects limiting the precision of the paleotemperature proxy

In thermodynamic equilibrium with sea water the Sr/Ca ratio of aragonite varies predictably with temperature and the Sr/Ca ratio in coral have thus become a frequently used proxy for past Sea Surface Temperature (SST). However, biological effects can offset the Sr/Ca ratio from its equilibrium value. We report high spatial resolution ion microprobe analyses of well defined skeletal elements in the reef‐building coral Porites lutea that reveal distinct monthly oscillations in the Sr/Ca ratio, with an amplitude in excess of ten percent. The extreme Sr/Ca variations, which we propose result from metabolic changes synchronous with the lunar cycle, introduce variability in Sr/Ca measurements based on conventional sampling techniques well beyond the analytical precision. These variations can limit the accuracy of Sr/Ca paleothermometry by conventional sampling techniques to about 2°C. Our results may help explain the notorious difficulties involved in obtaining an accurate and consistent calibration of the Sr/Ca vs. SST relationship.
INFLUENCE OF CIRCULAR SUPPLY CHAIN PRACTICES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

Purpose: Previous studies conducted in Kenya and elsewhere in the world have investigated how circular economies affect various aspects of the firm’s performance such as supply chain performance, distribution, customer service among others. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of Circular Supply Chain Practices (CSCP) on the performance of the Manufacturing Firms in Nairobi County, Kenya. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive Research design. The target population of this research was the eight hundred employees working in the160 manufacturing firms in Nairobi County, Kenya. It employed a stratified sampling method whereby a sample of 100 respondents were selected, and used questionnaires to collect data. It adopted descriptive and inferential statistics to evaluate the variables numerically whereby Statistical Package for Social Students (SPSS) was used in the data analysis. In determining the relationship between Circular Supply Chain Practices and the performance of manufacturing firms in Nairobi County, Kenya, the regression model was used. The data and results of the study were presented in tables. Findings: Findings showed that circular supply chain practices have positive and significant influence on performance of manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. The regression analysis reveals that 89.2% Variations in the performance of manufacturing firms in Nairobi County are as a result of circular supply chain practices with (R 2 =0.892) Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that manufacturing firms should put in place mechanism to improve reverse logistics, green policy regulation, sustainable supply chain collaboration and product design practices. Further, the government should formulate adequate policies that would provide a good framework to make use of circular supply chain practices.
University of Birmingham Consumers ’ identities and compartmentalisation tendencies in alcohol consumption

This longitudinal study explored how consumers justify their alcohol consumption by compartmentalising or integrating their various drinking identities (i.e., description of one’s drinking behaviours and extent to which these are part of person’s overall identity). 31 participants were interviewed twice. The findings revealed identities are continuously altered/created according to context and social interactions. Consumers’ movement between social fields generated different perceptions of what constitutes ‘healthy’ drinking, leading to displays of different identities. After interviewees compared their alcohol consumption perceptions with results from an online 14-day alcohol tracker, some consumers reported a ‘newly perceived’ drinking identity and displayed integration tendencies. Others denied their consumption results and continued to exhibit compartmentalised identities, justified by various social selves, roles and responsibilities. Social marketing and policy recommendations are discussed.
A Study of Corneal Endothelial Damage Following Different Type of Phacoemulsification Techniques

: Background: Cataract is one of the leading cause of visual disability throughout the world, responsible for 51.3% of blindness (2.2 billion) [1] . Cataract is held to be responsible for 80% of bilateral blindness in India [2] . Aim: To evaluate and compare Corneal endothelial changes following Divide – conquer versus. Stop-chop Phacoemulsification techniques. Settings and Design: A open label, randomised comparative study Methods and Material: A comparative study is done on 62senile cataract eyes that were prepared to have phacoemulsification surgery from February 2021 to August 2022 at our tertiary eye care Hospital. Total eyes were divided into two groups; each group had 31 eyes. One group subjected to ‘stop and chop’ phacoemulsification technique and other group subjected to ‘divide and conquer’ phacoemulsification technique. Statistical analysis used: The Statistical software namely SPSS 22.0, and R environment ver.3. 2.2 were used. Results: Gender distribution of our study population was found to be 29 females (46.8%), 33 males (53.2%) In stop and chop, percentage of endothelial cell loss from preoperative cell count was 4.7%, 5.07%, 6.09%, 7.33%, 7.89% at POD 1, POD 1 st week, POD 2 nd week, POD 1month, POD 6 th week respectively. In divide and conquer, percentage of ECL from preoperative cell count was 6.95%, 7.41%, 8.13%, 9.23%, 10.03% at POD 1, POD 1 st week, POD 2 nd week, POD 1month, POD 6 th week respectively. In stop and chop, Percentage of Central corneal thickness increase from pre-operative CCT was 4.6%, 5.8%, 4.02%, 2.01%, 1.60% at POD 1, POD 1 st week, POD 2 nd week, POD 1month, POD 6 th week respectively. In divide and conquer, Percentage of CCT increase from pre-operative CCT was 7.8% , 7.2%, 5.4%, 4.6%, 3.8% at POD 1, POD 1 st week, POD 2 nd week, POD 1month, POD 6 th week respectively. Conclusions: Our study shows that there is significant percentage of endothelial cell loss in both groups post-operatively as compared to preoperative endothelial cell count. The study concluded that, there was no statistically significant difference between divide & conquer technique and stop & chop technique regarding endothelial cell loss. Increased CCT values were observed in divide & conquer technique as compared to stop & choptechnique. Both stop & chop technique and divide & conquer technique are equally efficacious for nuclear cracking in nuclear sclerosis grading 2, 3 and 4. But divide and conquer technique requires more ultrasound energy and effective phaco time compared to stop and chop technique
Geometrically-parameterized circuit models of PCB traces inclusive of antenna coupling

This paper presents a systematic methodology for the characterization of mutual couplings between antennas and Printed Circuit Board (PCB) traces in modern mobile devices. The main approach is based on the assumption that the interfering fields produced by the antennas are not perturbed significantly by the PCB traces. The one-way coupling can thus be computed using the theory of field-excited transmission lines. The incident field patterns excited by each antenna are computed via a single preliminary full-wave analysis. We adopt a generalized scattering formulation for the electromagnetic system. Some ports define the terminals of the PCB traces, the other “electromagnetic” ports correspond to the antennas feed point s. The main achievement of this paper is a parameterization scheme for this generalized scattering form in terms of the trace routing path. This parameterization further approximates the frequency dependence of each response in terms of rational functions, enabling the direct synthesis of path-dependent macromodels in a SPICE environment. Fast optimization, what-if, and sensitivity analyses can thus be performed directly via transient SPICE runs, possibly including realistic (transistor-level or behavioral) models for driver and receiver circuits.
Digital Citizenship: Parameters of the Digital Divide

As part of a National Science Foundation-funded study, we analyze data from a 2002 Midwest urban random sample survey (n = 167 adults) of differential access to and uses of computer technology. Factor analysis revealed three dimensions of attitudes toward technology (desire for computer skills, information power, computer use) and two factors regarding government role (digital government, computer access equity). A well-fitted structural equation (LISREL) path model (GFI = .98; AGFI = .94; NFI = .90) showed several key results. As education declined, desire for computer skills increased. Respondents with higher levels of education were more likely to use computers at home and work. Non-whites were more likely to report technological information as key to citizen empowerment, computers should be accessible to all citizens, and increased interest in learning computer skills. Interest in developing computer skills was positively associated with digital citizenship. Viewing technology as a source of informational power was positively related to digital government and computer access equity. Three statistically significant indirect effects were found.
Effects of Experimentally-Altered Hydrology on Ecosystem Function in Headwater Streams

Forested headwater stream ecosystems are important integrators of terrestrial and aquatic systems and their function depends greatly on water availability. In the southern Appalachians, models of future climate change predict alterations to the timing and intensity of storms such that most precipitation may be relegated to winter and spring. During the summer and fall, relatively less precipitation will translate to lower stream flows in systems that rarely experience such a lack of water. Given these predicted changes to the hydrologic cycle, I experimentally reduced flow to downstream sections of three streams at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in NC to assess changes to function in perennial ecosystems. The questions that I addressed included: 1) How is organic matter decomposition regulated by changes to the availability of water? and 2) How does the relationship between nutrient uptake and metabolism change under conditions of varying water availability? The availability of water (as discharge) was shown to be a major control of ecosystem function throughout these studies. Rates of leaf decomposition varied between red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and white oak (Quercus alba L.) with lower discharge in the early autumn regulating the breakdown trajectories of leaves through facilitation of colonization by microbes and macroinvertebrates. The return of water during the winter accelerated decomposition rates in the diverted sites such that mass of leaves remaining were similar to those in upstream sections. Colonization of decomposing organic matter by heterotrophic microbes (especially fungi) increased N immobilization leading to an increase in respiration per unit leaf standing iii stocks during the fall. Nitrification was detectable during summer low flows when leaf standing stocks were low. Changes in the timing and intensity of precipitation and thus discharge may in turn alter the temporal dynamics of ecosystem function. Leaves may remain in the stream unprocessed which will change the availability of food for macroinvertebrates, the production of which provides nutrition to higher trophic levels. Local-scale differences in organic matter processing and nutrient immobilization may translate to regional differences in food availability over both time and space. Hydrology not only acts as a local control of endogenous processes but acts also regionally through the transport of resources and nutrients to downstream reaches. iv Acknowledgements
Urbanisation and Migration Externalities in China

We evaluate the role that cities play on individual productivity in China. First, we show that location explains a large share of nominal wage disparities. Second, even after controlling for individual and -firms characteristics and instrumenting city characteristics, the estimated elasticity of wage with respect to employment density is about three times larger than inWestern countries. Land area and industrial specialisation also play a significant role whereas the access to external markets does not. Therefore, large agglomeration economies prevail in China and they are more localised than in Western countries. Third, we -find evidence of a large positive impact of the local share of migrants on local workers'wages. Overall, these results strongly support the productivity gains that can be expected from further migration and urbanisation in China.
Street trading in Cape Town CBD : a study of the relationship between local government and street traders

The c onstitution of t he R epublic of S outh A frica ( 1996) s tates t hat l ocal g overnments a re responsible f or t he c reation of a s ocioeconomic e nvironment t hat e nables c itizens t o m ake a living for t hemselves. It i s on t he grounds o f t his r esponsibility t hat t he study i s based on t he relationship between street traders and the City of Cape Town within the Cape Town CBD. This relationship is inve stigated with the a im of a ssessing w hat the n ature of the r elationship is between s treet t raders and the City of Cape Town. A survey was conducted wherein 71 s treet traders w ere i nterviewed a nd t o c omplement the s urvey i nterviews w ere c onducted w ith individuals from local government and the private sector who deal with street traders on a daily basis. The survey results indicated that there is a pos itive relationship between traders and the City of Cape Town, but that local government does not live up to expectation when it comes to the f acilitation of i nformal bus iness de velopment. A t t he ha nd of f t hese f indings; pol icy interventions are put forth that would lead to the creation of a facilitative relationship between the C ity of C ape T own a nd s treet t raders. P roposed pol icy i nterventions a re f ocussed on t he improvement of channels of communication be tween s treet traders and local government. The proposed pol icy f ramework places emphasis on the active participation of local government in the f ormalisation pr ocess of i nformal t raders. T he s tudy concludes b y proposing pol icy intervention that w ould pr omote a f acilitative relationship between street t raders and local government and contribute to a sustainable street trading economy in Cape Town.