Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community preparedness for tsunami disaster: a case study

Purpose – The main objective of this study is to develop a tsunami emergency response plan for a coastal community by adopting a community‐based disaster preparedness approach.Design/methodology/approach – A multi‐strategy research design utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods was used. The weaknesses and strengths of the different agencies involved in responding to the 2004 tsunami disaster were identified through a focus group discussion. A survey was used to assess the preparedness of the community. Tsunami awareness and education were imparted through lectures, sermons, radio talk shows, informal briefings, workshops and printed materials. Tsunami evacuation routes, safe zones, warning protocols and evacuation plans were finalized through a consultation process with the community. A tsunami evacuation plan was verified during a table‐top exercise and was tested through a drill.Findings – It is evident from the study that a community‐based approach (where the local community is taken as th.
Dynamic Clustering in IoV Using Behavioral Parameters and Contention Window Adaptation

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) plays an indispensable role in intelligent transportation system (ITS). When the vehicle density is high, the performance of IoV suffers due to the broadcast storm problem. To address this issue, we propose a novel clustering approach using behavioral parameters and a current journey parameter. In this approach, we first calculate a cluster fitness score (CFS) for each vehicle in the network and select a vehicle with the highest CFS as a cluster head (CH). The CH then arranges two forms of communications which are contention free communication (CFC) and contention-based communication (CBC). In CFC, each cluster member (CM) broadcasts periodically without contending the channel access. However, in CBC, communicating parties like roadside units (RSUs), cluster heads (CHs), cluster members (CMs), and other vehicles contend to get the channel access. The contention window of CMs is also adapted to improve IoV performance. Additionally, our approach facilitates partitioning into sub-clusters and merging of sub-clusters based on the travel direction. Finally, we present the simulation results to demonstrate the improved performance of IoV.
Performance of a No-Till Seeder Under Dry and Wet Soil Conditions

No-till sowing of second crops into dry soil (i.e. before irrigation) results in significant savings in time compared to no-till sowing into wet soil. Sowing into dry soil can also result in the earlier harvest of second crops. Seed placement accuracy is critical with no-till sowing into dry soil and there is little research on the seed placement accuracy of no-till seeders under dry soil conditions. The performance of a no-till seeder, equipped with a double disc-type furrow opener, was investigated under dry and wet soil conditions using maize (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds sown following wheat (Triticum aestivum). The experiments were carried out on soils covered with two different crop residue levels.
Examining women’s differential pathways into computer science by BA and BS degree programs

ABSTRACT Background and Context Women are severely underrepresented in computer science (CS). Understanding varied entry points into CS may promote women’s participation in the field. Objective This study identifies experiences that influenced women’s matriculation into CS majors, and pathways into CS based on participants’ enrollment in bachelor of arts (BA) or bachelor of science (BS) degree programs. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 women completing CS bachelor’s degrees at a public institution in the U.S. Findings Findings show different entry points into CS based on whether women matriculated into the site institution’s College of Engineering (pursued a BS degree) or College of Arts and Sciences (BA degree). For most, introductory CS courses were critical to choosing a CS major. BS students entered college with existing STEM interests and received early exposure to CS via curricular requirements. BA students entered CS courses and majors comparatively later, often based on social encouragement. Implications Degree program structures and curricula influence students’ exposure to CS and their major choices. Since most BA participants did not consider a CS major until their second year, flexible curricula can provide critical access for students with limited computing experience.
The Institute of Archaeology Field Course 2014: The Search for the Lost Hunting Lodge of the Earls of Arundel at Downley, Singleton, West Sussex, UK

This paper discusses research into the area of the medieval and post-medieval deer park, at Downley in West Sussex, which is the focus of the Institute’s current training excavations. The excavations constitute part of a wider project attempting to learn more about the development and function of the park through time. A range of information, which indicated the presence of a substantial lodge building within the park was considered and the 2014 excavations have revealed evidence almost certainly corroborating its presence. The project will continue both on and off site in 2015.
The risk of being culpable for or involved in a road crash after using cannabis: A systematic review and meta-analyses

Background The development of drug driving policies should rest on sound epidemiological evidence as to the crash risks of driving after using psychoactive drugs. The findings from individual studies of the increased risk of crashing from the acute use of cannabis range in size from no increase (and perhaps even a protective effect) to a 10-fold increase. Coherent cannabis-driving policies cannot readily be developed from such an incoherent evidence base. A weighted average measure of risk, as provided by a meta-analysis, might be useful. However, if the range of risks found in the cannabis-crash studies reflects the different ways that a variety of biases are being expressed, then the simple application of a meta-analysis might provide little more than an average measure of bias. In other words, if the biases were predominantly inflationary, the meta-analysis would give an inflated estimate of crash risk; and if the biases were predominantly deflationary, the meta-analysis would give a deflated estimate of risk. Review We undertook a systematic search of electronic databases, and identified 13 culpability studies and 4 case–control studies from which cannabis-crash odds ratios could be extracted. Random-effects meta-analyses gave summary odds ratios of 1.37 (1.10–1.69) for the culpability studies and 1.45 (0.94–2.25) for the case–control studies. A tool was designed to identify and score biases arising from: confounding by uncontrolled covariates; inappropriate selection of cases and controls; and the inappropriate measurement of the exposure and outcome variables. Each study was scrutinised for the presence of those biases, and given a total ‘directional bias score’. Most of the biases were inflationary. A meta-regression against the total directional bias scores was performed for the culpability studies, giving a bias-adjusted summary odds ratio of 0.68 (0.45–1.05). The same analysis could not be performed for the case–control studies because there were only four such studies. Nonetheless, a monotonic relationship was found between the total bias scores and the cannabis-crash odds ratios, with Spearman's rho = 0.95, p = 0.05, indicating that the summary odds ratio of 1.45 is an overestimate. It is evident that the risks from driving after using cannabis are much lower than from other behaviours such as drink-driving, speeding or using mobile phones while driving. With the medical and recreational use of cannabis becoming more prevalent, the removal of cannabis-presence driving offences should be considered (while impairment-based offences would remain).
Measurement of linewidth broadening factor in gain-switched InGaAsP injection lasers by CHP method

First measurements of the semiconductor laser linewidth broadening factor α using a recently proposed CHP (chirp-halfwidth product) method are reported. Gain-switched optical pulses have been generated by sinusoidal RF and comb generator drive. The simultaneous recording of streak-camera and monochromator traces provides the required data for determination of α. The values of α between 6 and 7.5 are obtained for a 1.3 μm mesa laser. Computer simulations predict that the CHP formula should provide an estimate of α within ±15% for either comb generator or hard sinusoidal drive.
Efficacy of herbal versus chlorhexidine-based mouthwashes towards oral hygiene maintenance in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The review aims to fill the gap in literature by comparing the efficacy of herbal and chlorhexidine-based mouthwashes towards oral hygiene maintenance (OHM) in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment (OT). METHODS Indexed databases were searched electronically to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for data gathering. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020182497). Risk of bias assessment, quality of evidence investigation, and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate reported OHM related parameters at time points before and after the use of chlorhexidine (control group) and herbal mouthwashes (intervention group). With 95% confidence intervals, mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) were used to estimate effect size. RESULTS Out of eight RCTs, results from one RCT favored chlorhexidine and the results from a second RCT favored herbal mouthwashes. Results from three RCTs showed comparable effects for the respective investigated OHM related parameters. Chlorhexidine demonstrated higher antimicrobial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) in two studies, and one RCT found comparable antimicrobial efficacies. Risk of bias was low in 4 studies, and moderate and high in two studies each. Quality of evidence was very low to moderate for the respective investigated parameters. Sub-group analysis for parameters colony forming units (CFU) {SMD (0.40) [95% CI (-0.22, 1.03)], gingival index (GI) {MD (0.06) [95% CI (-0.08, 0.20)]}, plaque index (PI) {SMD 0.22 [95% CI (-0.23, 0.67)]} before the use of chlorhexidine and herbal mouthwashes remained inconclusive. CONCLUSION The comparison between efficacy of herbal and chlorhexidine towards OHM in patients undergoing fixed OT remains debatable.
Statistical Properties of Hydrographs in Minerotrophic Fens and Small Lakes in Mid-Latitude Québec, Canada

Minerotrophic fens cover a large proportion of the land in mid-latitude Québec. Since the last century, they have been subjected to an increase in mean water levels, which translates over a long period into an increase in the fraction of area covered by water-filled hollows, hypothetically slowly transforming them into shallow lakes as the hollows coalesce in larger ponds (aqualysis). This phenomenon progressively changes the hydrological reaction of aqualysed fens to rain events. Four sites (two fens and two shallow lakes), were monitored for rainfall, water table levels and surface runoff during two years in the La Grande River basin. Summer and fall hydrographs for rain generated events as well as relation between in situ water table and outlet surface runoff were compared, respectively via shape statistics and analyses of covariance. Depending on the hydrological property, results show some differences between sites, but not always systematically between fens and lakes. Fens had fewer runoff events than lakes but the events were of greater magnitude and duration. Four of the six hydrographs shape statistics (shape mean and variance, rising and falling slopes) were found to be significantly different between some sites, lakes (contrary to fens) being always in the same category. These results also indicate that the location and shape of individual ponds may play an important role in runoff generation. Concerning the relation between water table level and outlet runoff, regression slopes of fens were found to be steeper than those of lakes, especially in wet conditions. Climate change impact studies results suggest increases in annual runoff in this region in the future; this paper gives some insight about future hydrologic response of fens.
Deep Learning Methods for Flood Mapping: A Review of Existing Applications and Future Research Directions

Abstract. Deep Learning techniques have been increasingly used in flood risk management to overcome the limitations of accurate, yet slow, numerical models, and to improve the results of traditional methods for flood mapping. In this paper, we review 45 recent publications to outline the state-of-the-art of the field, identify knowledge gaps, and propose future research directions. The review focuses on the type of deep learning models used for various flood mapping applications, the flood types considered, the spatial scale of the studied events, and the data used for model development. The results show that models based on convolutional layers are usually more accurate as they leverage inductive biases to better process the spatial characteristics of the flooding events. Traditional models based on fully-connected layers, instead, provide accurate results when coupled with other statistical models. Deep learning models showed increased accuracy when compared to traditional approaches and increased speed when compared to numerical methods. While there exist several applications in flood susceptibility, inundation, and hazard mapping, more work is needed to understand how deep learning can assist real-time flood warning during an emergency, and how it can be employed to estimate flood risk. A major challenge lies in developing deep learning models that can generalize to unseen case studies and sites. Furthermore, all reviewed models and their outputs, are deterministic, with limited considerations for uncertainties in outcomes and probabilistic predictions. The authors argue that these identified gaps can be addressed by exploiting recent fundamental advancements in deep learning or by taking inspiration from developments in other applied areas. Models based on graph neural networks and neural operators can work with arbitrarily structured data and thus should be capable of generalizing across different case studies and could account for complex interactions with the natural and built environment. Neural operators can also speed up numerical models while preserving the underlying physical equations and could thus be used for reliable real-time warning. Similarly, probabilistic models can be built by resorting to Deep Gaussian Processes.
Effect of measurement error size in linear heteroscedastic measurement error models

Abstract Measurement errors affect the properties of obtained optimal estimators. Further, they affect the accuracy of estimation, although the size of the measurement error required to invalidate an estimation method remains unknown. In this study, we described the effects of measurement errors on estimation and the derived asymptotic covariance matrix by using the properties of unbiased estimating equations. We evaluated different estimation methodologies using various combinations of sample sizes and average reliability ratios. Simulation studies have compared estimators in terms of simulated bias, mean squared error, and coverage probability for the slope parameter. By comparing estimation approaches in terms of bias, mean squared error, and coverage probability, we found that the average reliability ratio of 0.65 and a sample size of 20 yielded estimator stability, with only slight differences in these three attributes. If the sample size was increased, the cutoff point for the average reliability ratio could be relaxed. This process has been in this study illustrated using real datasets.
Identification and Characterization Analysis of Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin Protein of Laodelphax striatellus Fallén

Simple Summary The small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus is a destructive pest of rice, maize and wheat crops in Asia, causing damage by directly sucking phloem sap and transmitting plant viruses, and thus seriously impacting crops yields. Transient receptor potential mucolipin (TRPML) protein plays a vital role in Ca2+ ions release, resulting in membrane trafficking, autophagy and ion homeostasis; however, till now, we have learned little about the TRPML protein of agricultural pests. In this study, we first identified the TRPML of L. striatellus. We analyzed not only the gene evolutionary features and expression profiles but also clarified the protein subcellular localization and lipid-binding characteristics of Ls-TRPML. We found that TRPML is evolutionarily conserved among agricultural pests. Ls-TRPML is predominately expressed in L. striatellus ovary. Moreover, we found that Ls-TRPML localizes in the nuclear membrane in Spodoptera frugiperda cells and the intestine and ovary of L. striatellus. The binding of Ls-TRPML with lipids was detected by lipid-binding assay, indicating the potential role of Ls-TRPML in lipid interaction. Thus, our findings first helped us analyze the gene characterization of Ls-TRPML and then identify the binding of Ls-TRPML with lipids; our findings will broaden our understanding of TRPML’s roles in agricultural pests. Abstract Transient receptor potential mucolipin (TRPML) protein in flies plays a pivotal role in Ca2+ ions release, resulting in membrane trafficking, autophagy and ion homeostasis. However, to date, the characterization of TRPML in agricultural pests remains unknown. Here, we firstly reported the TRPML of a destructive pest of gramineous crops, Laodelphax striatellus. The L. striatellus TRPML (Ls-TRPML) has a 1818 bp open reading frame, encoding 605 amino acid. TRPML in agricultural pests is evolutionarily conserved, and the expression of Ls-TRPML is predominately higher in the ovary than in other organs of L. striatellus at the transcript and protein level. The Bac–Bac system showed that Ls-TRPML localized in the plasma membrane, nuclear membrane and nucleus and co-localized with lysosome in Spodoptera frugiperda cells. The immunofluorescence microscopy analysis showed that Ls-TRPML localized in the cytoplasm and around the nuclei of the intestine cells or ovary follicular cells of L. striatellus. The results from the lipid-binding assay revealed that Ls-TRPML strongly bound to phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate, as compared with other phosphoinositides. Overall, our results helped is identify and characterize the TRPML protein of L. striatellus, shedding light on the function of TRPML in multiple cellular processes in agricultural pests.
Impact of antenatal glucocorticoid exposure on the activity of the stress system, cognition and behavior in 8 to 9-year-old children: a clinical cohort study

Objective: To determine stress-sensitivity and neurodevelopmental outcome in 8- to 9-year-old children following antenatal exposure to glucocorticoid (GC) prophylaxis for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Design: Clinical cohort study. Setting: University-based obstetric clinic in Central Germany. Population: 31 term or near-term born children whose mothers received single or multiple courses of betamethasone (BM) to induce fetal lung maturation in threatened preterm birth compared to 39 non-exposed children. Methods: Multi-system assessment of the individual stress response together with an analysis of cognitive, behavioral and electrocortical functioning. Main Outcome Measures: Activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA, primary outcome domain) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS, secondary outcome domain) including markers of heart rate variability (HRV). Additional endpoints were the cognitive performance (IQ) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) core symptoms. Results: HPAA activity was not affected by antenatal GC-exposure. ANS activity in GC-exposed children shifted towards a higher parasympathetic tone reflected by a higher overall high-frequency band power of HRV (1313 vs. 762 msec2/Hz, p=0.03). BM-exposed children had lower cognitive performance (IQ 96.9 vs. 108.0, p<0.01) and a marginally higher ADHD score (FBB-ADHD scale 5.5 vs. 4.6 points, p=0.04). A monotonic dose-response relationship between GC-exposure and stress-induced activity of the ANS and IQ was estimated post-hoc. Conclusions: Antenatal exposure to supraphysiological concentrations of BM in the context of threatened preterm birth was associated with multidimensional changes in stress-sensitivity and neurodevelopment in later life. As these changes may be dose-dependent, antenatal GC prophylaxis should be used at the minimum effective dose after a careful risk-benefit assessment.
Film Cooling From Circular and Elliptical Exit Shaped Holes With Sister Hole Influence

In traditional film cooling configuration, coolant is injected through a cylindrical pipe with an inclined angle (0<α<90), which results in an elliptical exit shaped hole (EESH) at the blade surface. The present study makes use of an elliptical injection coolant pipe that leads to a circular exit shaped hole (CESH). The film cooling effectiveness and the associated flow for both cases of circular and elliptical shaped holes are numerically investigated. A comparison between the predicted results and the available experimental results from the literature for blowing ratios of M = 0.5 and 1, clearly indicated a better agreement with the experimental results when the realizable k-e model was used. Further, the results indicate that the circular exit shaped hole improves the centerline and laterally averaged adiabatic effectiveness, particularly, at a higher bowing ratio of 1. The analysis of the vortex generation downstream of the jet for both exit shaped holes, shows a considerable decrease in the jet lift-off where the coolant flow tends to adhere more to the surface and hence, provides a better film cooling protection for the circular exit shaped hole, in comparison with the common elliptical exit shaped hole. The influence of sister holes on film cooling performance tends to be more effective with circular exit shaped hole than that with elliptical exit shaped hole.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Mathematics Learning Innovation During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: a Systematic Literature Review

The purpose of this study is to analyze mathematics learning innovations during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The research method used is Systematic Literature Review. Data collection was carried out by documenting and reviewing articles related to learning mathematics during the Covid-19 pandemic which were published in the 2020-2021 period in national journals. The data analysis technique used refers to the interactive model by Miles & Huberman which consists of 4 stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. These findings indicate that (1) Mathematics learning innovation during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia can be done online, offline, or blended learning. The implementation is by means of E-learning, the use of software, the use of learning media, or the use of innovative, effective, and creative models, approaches, and learning methods such as blended learning which are considered in accordance with the conditions and obstacles faced by educators and students, (2) Mathematics learning assessments can be carried out using online, manual, or blended learning-based assessments, (3) The obstacles faced during the Covid-19 pandemic are in the form of unsupported learning facilities and infrastructure, teacher competence and readiness that is not possible, psychological and low ability of students, assessment of learning outcomes that do not go well and is not comprehensive in all areas, lack of cooperation and family awareness, and abstract mathematical objects. Article History Received: 04-06-2021 2 Revised: 09-08-2021 Accepted: 28-10-2021 Published:. 11-12-2021 2017