Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Psychological Distress and Burnout among Medical Students: Findings from Two Campuses

Medical training is intensive and predisposes students to psychological distress and burnout. Unaddressed burnout in medical training may persist in the internship phase and impact the quality of patient care. While some associations have been established, the link between some individual factors and training characteristics with distress and burnout in medical training remained unclear. In this study, we aim to examine the prevalence of psychological distress and burnout, and its association with gender, training phase, funding status, cumulative grade points average (CGPA), and coping strategies among medical students. The study applied a multicenter cross-sectional study design and convenience sampling on medical students from two medical schools from Malaysia and India. We used a self-reporting instrument that includes demographic details, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE). A total of 748 medical students participated in the study. The prevalence of psychological distress, personal-related, work-related, and patient-related burnout were 33.0%, 56.1%, 35.0%, and 26.2%, respectively. Being male, clinical year, self-funded, and having a CGPA of more than 3.50 predicted psychological distress and burnout with mixed results. Maladaptive coping mechanisms consistently predicted the risk of psychological distress and burnout by more than two times. The findings indicate that primary and secondary mental health interventions have a role in medical training. A systematic intervention should incorporate coping skills training alongside institutional-targeted intervention.
SARS-CoV-2: Understanding the Transcriptional Regulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and the Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) at Codon 72 of p53 in the Innate Immune Response against Virus Infection

Human ACE2 and the serine protease TMPRSS2 of novel SARS-CoV-2 are primary entry receptors in host cells. Expression of these genes at the transcriptional level has not been much discussed in detail. The ISRE elements of the ACE2 promoter are a binding site for the ISGF3 complex of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. TMPRSS2, including IFNβ, STAT1, and STAT2, has the PARP1 binding site near to TSS either up or downstream promoter region. It is well documented that PARP1 regulates gene expression at the transcription level. Therefore, to curb virus infection, both promoting type I IFN signaling to boost innate immunity and prevention of virus entry by inhibiting PARP1, ACE2 or TMPRSS2 are safe options. Most importantly, our aim is to attract the attention of the global scientific community towards the codon 72 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of p53 and its underneath role in the innate immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we discuss codon 72 SNP of human p53′s role in the different innate immune response to restrict virus-mediated mortality rate only in specific parts of the world. In addition, we discuss potential targets and emerging therapies using bioengineered bacteriophage, anti-sense, or CRISPR strategies.
The Effectiveness of Cobalamin (B12) Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 2% of children in the United States. Biochemical abnormalities associated with ASD include impaired methylation and sulphation capacities along with low glutathione (GSH) redox capacity. Potential treatments for these abnormalities include cobalamin (B12). This systematic review collates the studies using B12 as a treatment in ASD. A total of 17 studies were identified; 4 were double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (2 examined B12 injections alone and 2 used B12 in an oral multivitamin); 1 was a prospective controlled study; 6 were prospective, uncontrolled studies, and 6 were retrospective (case series and reports). Most studies (83%) used oral or injected methylcobalamin (mB12), while the remaining studies did not specify the type of B12 used. Studies using subcutaneous mB12 injections (including 2 placebo-controlled studies) used a 64.5–75 µg/kg/dose. One study reported anemia in 2 ASD children with injected cyanocobalamin that resolved with switching to injected mB12. Two studies reported improvements in markers of mitochondrial metabolism. A meta-analysis of methylation metabolites demonstrated decreased S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and increased methionine, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), SAM/SAH ratio, and homocysteine (with small effect sizes) with mB12. Meta-analysis of the transsulfuration and redox metabolism metabolites demonstrated significant improvements with mB12 in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), cysteine, total glutathione (GSH), and total GSH/GSSG redox ratio with medium to large effect sizes. Improvements in methylation capacity and GSH redox ratio were significantly associated with clinical improvements (with a mean moderate effect size of 0.59) in core and associated ASD symptoms, including expressive communication, personal and domestic daily living skills, and interpersonal, play-leisure, and coping social skills, suggesting these biomarkers may predict response to B12. Other clinical improvements observed with B12 included sleep, gastrointestinal symptoms, hyperactivity, tantrums, nonverbal intellectual quotient, vision, eye contact, echolalia, stereotypy, anemia, and nocturnal enuresis. Adverse events identified by meta-analysis included hyperactivity (11.9%), irritability (3.4%), trouble sleeping (7.6%), aggression (1.8%), and worsening behaviors (7.7%) but were generally few, mild, not serious, and not significantly different compared to placebo. In one study, 78% of parents desired to continue mB12 injections after the study conclusion. Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that B12, particularly subcutaneously injected mB12, improves metabolic abnormalities in ASD along with clinical symptoms. Further large multicenter placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm these data. B12 is a promising treatment for ASD.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of C1q/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) in Endothelial Cells

The C1q/TNF-related protein 3 (CTRP3) represents a pleiotropic adipokine reciprocally associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in relation to lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-mediated effects in adipocytes, as well as monocytes/macrophages. Here, we focused on the influence of CTRP3 on LPS-mediated effects in endothelial cells in order to expand the understanding of a possible anti-inflammatory function of CTRP3 in a setting of endotoxemia. An organ- and tissue-specific expression analysis by real-time PCR revealed a considerable Ctrp3 expression in various adipose tissue compartments; however, higher levels were detected in the aorta and in abundantly perfused tissues (bone marrow and the thyroid gland). We observed a robust Ctrp3 expression in primary endothelial cells and a transient upregulation in murine endothelial (MyEND) cells by LPS (50 ng/mL). In MyEND cells, CTRP3 inhibited the LPS-induced expression of interleukin (Il)-6 and the tumor necrosis factor (Tnf)-α, and suppressed the LPS-dependent expression of the major endothelial adhesion molecules Vcam-1 and Icam-1. The LPS-induced adhesion of monocytic cells to an endothelial monolayer was antagonized by CTRP3. In C57BL/6J mice with an LPS-induced systemic inflammation, exogenous CTRP3 did not affect circulating levels of TNF-α, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. In conclusion, we characterized CTRP3 beyond its function as an adipokine in a setting of vascular inflammation. CTRP3 inhibited LPS-induced endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and monocyte cell adhesion, indicating an important vascular anti-inflammatory role for CTRP3 in endotoxemia.
The Interdependency and Co-Regulation of the Vitamin D and Cholesterol Metabolism

Vitamin D and cholesterol metabolism overlap significantly in the pathways that contribute to their biosynthesis. However, our understanding of their independent and co-regulation is limited. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally and atherosclerosis, the pathology associated with elevated cholesterol, is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. It is therefore important to understand vitamin D metabolism as a contributory factor. From the literature, we compile evidence of how these systems interact, relating the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved to the results from observational studies. We also present the first systems biology pathway map of the joint cholesterol and vitamin D metabolisms made available using the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) Markup Language (SBGNML). It is shown that the relationship between vitamin D supplementation, total cholesterol, and LDL-C status, and between latitude, vitamin D, and cholesterol status are consistent with our knowledge of molecular mechanisms. We also highlight the results that cannot be explained with our current knowledge of molecular mechanisms: (i) vitamin D supplementation mitigates the side-effects of statin therapy; (ii) statin therapy does not impact upon vitamin D status; and critically (iii) vitamin D supplementation does not improve cardiovascular outcomes, despite improving cardiovascular risk factors. For (iii), we present a hypothesis, based on observations in the literature, that describes how vitamin D regulates the balance between cellular and plasma cholesterol. Answering these questions will create significant opportunities for advancement in our understanding of cardiovascular health.
Developing a Methodology Towards Designing Aesthetical BIPV Modules

As building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) adoption increases, demand for new aesthetic designs that differ from conventional modules increases. Hence, this paper aims to incorporate Marble and Wood textures via digital ceramic printing on PV modules. The features in Marble and Wood (e.g. line density and wood panelling) were tuned via an imaging software before the modules were fabricated and characterized. Results indicate that the drop in Isc, Voc, and Pmpp against the conventional PV module was less in the Marble than in the Wood texture. The findings of this study could untap potential in designing novel aesthetical patterns for BIPV.
Resin Use by Stingless Bees: A Review

Simple Summary Bees, ants, and other insects harvest antimicrobial resins from plants and use this material for a variety of purposes, from nest construction to defense against predators and pathogens. Resin use is thought to have facilitated the evolution of sociality in stingless bees, and today, resin use remains fundamentally important for stingless bee colony function. Most species use resin to build brood comb, storage pots for honey and pollen, and various protective structures within the nest. Many also use resin to protect their nests from predators, fortifying nest entrances with a barrier of sticky resin droplets or applying resin directly to would-be invaders. For some species, the presence of resin inside the nest space can also influence the physical properties of the bees themselves, enriching the chemical composition of the outermost layer of their exoskeleton, and possibly shaping the communities of bacteria and fungi that are found on the bees, and in their nests. This article brings together studies from a variety of fields to illustrate the importance of resin use for stingless bee colony function and conservation, and to point towards areas of future research. Abstract Stingless bees (Meliponini) are highly social bees that are native to tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems. Resin use is vital to many aspects of stingless bee colony function. Stingless bees use resin to build essential nest structures, repel predators, and kill would-be invaders. Furthermore, resin-derived compounds have been found to enrich the cuticular chemical profiles of many stingless bee species, and resin may play an important role in shaping the microbial communities associated with stingless bees and their nests. Despite its importance for colony function, previous reviews of resin use by stingless bees are lacking. This topic grows increasingly urgent as changes in beekeeping and land use practices occur, potentially diminishing stingless bees’ ability to incorporate resin into the nest environment. In this article, we review existing literature on resin use by stingless bees and discuss potential areas of future research.
Differences in EFL learners’ burnout levels and receptive language skills with regard to the mindfulness-based instruction

Abstract The main aim of education is to provide students with academic knowledge and skills. In this process, some students experience burnout, which negatively affects their productivity and effectiveness. This study experimentally examines the impact of mindfulness-based instruction on burnout and students’ achievement in receptive language skills among 64 learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) via a mixed-methods approach (QUAN→ qual) within a single framework. The techniques implemented in the experimental group, i. e. 32 participants, included observance of all experience, analyzing, planning, judging, reasoning, and fantasizing (van Vreeswijk et al., 2014). Furthermore, the techniques were inspired by Pirson et al. (2012) conceptualization that mindfulness comprises novelty producing, novelty seeking, engagement, and flexibility. The results of posttest revealed these techniques efficiently enhanced the abovementioned variables.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Photographic Food Record, Food Diary and Weighed Food Record in People with Serious Mental Illness

People with serious mental illness (SMI) experience challenges that may make typical dietary assessment methods less feasible and accurate. This study aims to determine the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary validity of a 3-day photographic food record (PR), a 1-day food diary (FD) and a 1-day weighed food protocol (WR) in people with SMI. Participants completed measures at two timepoints, with a 4-week interval. Feasibility and acceptability for each method were measured through four outcomes: percent of completers, quality assessment, number of participants requiring technical devices and satisfaction questionnaire. Relative validity was measured by agreement in estimated energy intake between methods, using Bland–Altman analysis and WR as the benchmark, and prevalence of misreporting, using the Goldberg cut-off method, updated by Black. In total, 63 participants were recruited, with a dropout rate of 19.0% prior to timepoint 1 and additional 6.4% prior to timepoint 2. Quality deficits were identified for all methods. The FD was most acceptable to participants, followed by the PR. The difference in estimated energy intake between assessment methods was not statistically significant, though there was considerable individual variability. Underreporting was considerable across all methods but appeared highest in the PR. A FD and PR present as feasible and acceptable methods for assessing dietary intake in people with SMI. Further validity testing is required. In addition, clear guidance for completion and removal of potential barriers is required for participants.
Characterization of Electrical Parameters of Cracked Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells in Photovoltaic Modules

In this work we investigate the characteristics of solar cells cracks in photovoltaic (PV) modules for understanding the extent to which the solar cell electrical parameters change due to cell crack degradation. The experimental investigation is performed on two custom nine-cell mini-modules of mono- and multi-crystalline silicon, respectively, where each solar cell in the module has a junction box, allowing individual and module level characterization. Results show that power loss caused by cell cracks is driven primarily by a reduction of the cell’s maximum power point current, in particular B type cracks. C cracks also affect the short circuit current of the cells, whereas cells with combined B and C cracks show the most reduction of the short circuit current. Equivalent circuit diode model curve fitting and analysis of the light or dark I-V curves proved of limited used in analyzing degradation of cracked cells, as the model assumptions break down. However, a comparative analysis of dark and light I-V curves with a Suns-Voc curve was better suited for understanding the evolution of diode parameters on cracked cells for increasing levels of degradation.
RNN-Based Radio Resource Management on Multicore RISC-V Accelerator Architectures

Radio resource management (RRM) is critical in 5G mobile communications due to its ubiquity on every radio device and its low latency constraints. The rapidly evolving RRM algorithms with low latency requirements combined with the dense and massive 5G base station deployment ask for an on-the-edge RRM acceleration system with a tradeoff between flexibility, efficiency, and cost-making application-specific instruction-set processors (ASIPs) an optimal choice. In this work, we start from a baseline, simple RISC-V core and introduce instruction extensions coupled with software optimizations for maximizing the throughput of a selected set of recently proposed RRM algorithms based on models using multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Furthermore, we scale from a single-ASIP to a multi-ASIP acceleration system to further improve RRM throughput. For the single-ASIP system, we demonstrate an energy efficiency of 218 GMAC/s/W and a throughput of 566 MMAC/s corresponding to an improvement of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10.6\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively, over the single-core system with a baseline RV32IMC core. For the multi-ASIP system, we analyze the parallel speedup dependency on the input and output feature map (FM) size for fully connected and LSTM layers, achieving up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10.2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> speedup with 16 cores over a single extended RI5CY core for single LSTM layers and a speedup of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$13.8\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> for a single fully connected layer. On the full RRM benchmark suite, we achieve an average overall speedup of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$16.4\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$25.2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$31.9\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$38.8\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> on two, four, eight, and 16 cores, respectively, compared to our single-core RV32IMC baseline implementation.
Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Performance of Fe2O3 Nanorods Array by S Doping

As a promising candidate for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation, the photoelectrochemical water splitting efficiency of hematite (Fe2O3) is limited by its low electron mobility. In this work, we report a new strategy for great enhancement of PEC water oxidation activity on Fe2O3. The S-doped Fe2O3 (S:Fe2O3) nanorods array on a Ti plate shows a substantially increased photocurrent density of 1.42 mA cm–2 at 1.23 V vs RHE in 1.0 M NaOH under simulated sunlight irradiation (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm–2), 2.45 times that of Fe2O3 counterpart (0.58 mA cm–2). Both density functional theory calculations and experimental measurements verify that the superior activity is contributed to the enhanced electron mobility after S doping. This study offers an attractive photoanode in water-splitting devices for solar hydrogen production application.
The Implications of Same-Day Discharge After Primary Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Based Study

Introduction: Orofacial clefts are the most common craniofacial anomaly observed in the United States. Permitted by recent advancements in anesthesia and multimodal pain management, there has been a trend toward outpatient cleft lip repair to alleviate hospital burden and minimize healthcare costs. The purpose of this study was to compare complication rates between outpatient and inpatient cleft lip repair from large national samples as well as identify preoperative factors that predicted discharge status. Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for pediatrics was used to analyze 30-day outcomes for all patients undergoing cleft lip repair (CPT (current procedural terminology) code 40700) from 2012 to 2019. Complication rates were compared across 3 groups: same day discharge, next day discharge, and later discharge. Preoperative factors, including comorbidities and demographics, were analyzed to determine the impact of discharge date on complications as well as identify independent predictors of discharge timing and perioperative complications. Results: A total of 6689 patients underwent primary cleft lip repair, with 16.8% discharging on day of surgery, and 72.4% discharging 1 day after surgery. Complication rates were statistically equivalent between same day and next day discharge. Preoperative factors predicting complication and postoperative admission included age <6 months and weight less than ten pounds at the time of surgery. Patients discharged after more than 1 day in the hospital had higher rates of complications as well as more preoperative comorbidities. Conclusions: Complication rates between same day and next day discharge are equivalent, suggesting that same day discharge is a safe option in select patients. Clinical judgment is critical in making these decisions
Zebrafish Motile Cilia as a Model for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Zebrafish is a vertebrate teleost widely used in many areas of research. As embryos, they develop quickly and provide unique opportunities for research studies owing to their transparency for at least 48 h post fertilization. Zebrafish have many ciliated organs that include primary cilia as well as motile cilia. Using zebrafish as an animal model helps to better understand human diseases such as Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD), an autosomal recessive disorder that affects cilia motility, currently associated with more than 50 genes. The aim of this study was to validate zebrafish motile cilia, both in mono and multiciliated cells, as organelles for PCD research. For this purpose, we obtained systematic high-resolution data in both the olfactory pit (OP) and the left–right organizer (LRO), a superficial organ and a deep organ embedded in the tail of the embryo, respectively. For the analysis of their axonemal ciliary structure, we used conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron tomography (ET). We characterised the wild-type OP cilia and showed, for the first time in zebrafish, the presence of motile cilia (9 + 2) in the periphery of the pit and the presence of immotile cilia (still 9 + 2), with absent outer dynein arms, in the centre of the pit. In addition, we reported that a central pair of microtubules in the LRO motile cilia is common in zebrafish, contrary to mouse embryos, but it is not observed in all LRO cilia from the same embryo. We further showed that the outer dynein arms of the microtubular doublet of both the OP and LRO cilia are structurally similar in dimensions to the human respiratory cilia at the resolution of TEM and ET. We conclude that zebrafish is a good model organism for PCD research but investigators need to be aware of the specific physical differences to correctly interpret their results.