Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Redefining the link between Subjective Norm and Entrepreneurship Intention: Mediating Effect of Locus of Control

Entrepreneurship acts as a panacea for improving country growth and is prevalent in reducing the unemployment rate. A plethora of studies have focused on the main determinants that affect people’s intention to become an entrepreneur. The entrepreneurship intention research is mainly focused on the influence of the external environment and the individual personality aspects are not sufficiently considered. This study examines the mediating effect of locus of control in the relationship between subjective norm and youth entrepreneurship intention. This study is based on a cross‐sectional online survey design. The sample includes 248 Malaysian youth. The variables are measured based on the adapted scales and IBM SPSS 27 was used for the statistical analysis. Data were analysed using regression analysis to assess the possible mediating effect of locus of control. The present study provides evidence that locus of control partially mediates the relationship between subjective norm and entrepreneurship intention. Thus, this study concluded how entrepreneurs differ from the rest of the population in terms of locus of control. This study contributes to entrepreneurship literature by revealing that individuals with a high internal locus of control are more likely to become entrepreneurs.
Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Screening of Azadirachta indica Juss. Plant Parts

Azadirachta indica which is commonly known as neem plant has one of the most promising medicinal properties having a wide spectrum of biological activity. Fresh matured leaves, stem-bark and seeds of A. indica (neem) were collected, air dried and aqueous-extract was used to screen for some active chemical constituents. Phytochemicals of neem plant parts were extracted and screened both qualitatively and quantitatively. The screening of A. indica was carried out at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi in a quest to evaluate the phytochemicals. Among the qualitative tests done for the presence of secondary metabolites; alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids were found to present in all of the tested parts whereas steroids, polyphenols and tannins were present only in leaves and stem-bark. Glycosides and coumarins are absent in all of the tested parts. Quantitative screening was also done by using gravimetric method. Alkaloids were found in all the parts of A. indica with the highest amount of alkaloids were obtained in stem-bark (12.8%) and lowest in leaves (10.67%). Highest flavonoids percentage was revealed in leaves (13.8%) and lowest flavonoids in stem-bark (12.8%). Similarly, seeds (2.53%) contained saponins % while it was lowest in stem-bark (2.50 %). Terpenoids % were similar in both i.e. leaves and stem-bark (13.13%), whereas lowest in seeds (12.77%). More research on secondary metabolites will be helpful to the chemical industries to produce plant-based chemicals and minimize the environment degradation from different synthetic chemicals. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(2): 122-127.
A Content Analysis of Cultural Representation in High School English Textbook in 2013 Education Curriculum

Accepted April 28th, 2021 ABSTRACT This study reports cultural content in the latest high school English textbook concerning the 2013 education curriculum. Besides, this paper also explores the intercultural communicative competence within the English textbooks. A qualitative research design is employed in this study. Moreover, the cultural contents and intercultural communicative competence were taken from the reading text on English textbooks for the last grade of senior high school entitled „Bahasa Inggris 2018 revised edition‟. This study relied on the kind of cultural contents by Cortazzi & Jin (1999), types of cultural dimensions by Yuen (2011), and three levels of intercultural communicative competence by Byram (2002). It has been found that target culture with the cultural dimension of the product had a major proportion on the English textbook. Besides, the lowest level of intercultural communicative competence, namely basic cultural awareness was also discovered. In such a case, the complicity of intercultural values in the textbook should be given more attention so that students can easily grasp the values of various cultures. As a result, the aims of the 2013 education curriculum can be achieved well.
Students' Perceptions on the Use of E-Portfolio for Learning Assessment

INTRODUCTION The portfolio has been widely used as one of the alternative assessments in language learning. A portfolio is a students' collected work to monitor the students' improvement in a certain period. In addition, Weigle (2007) considered a portfolio as a series of students' work indicating both students' progress and achievement. A portfolio facilitates the students to observe their learning development
Can Being Victimized Verbally and Physically Predict Aggressive Verbal and Physical Behavior?: A Study on Omani Male and Female Middle School

The aim of this study was to examine if perceived family violence of victimized children is related to their perceived aggressive behavior. It has been acknowledged that children learn and behave what they observe and practice including violence. A stratified random sample (N =1160) of Omani school students was drawn from grades 6 to 9. The study used perceived family violence and perceived aggressive behavior measures to collect data. CFA was performed to test the proposed factor structure as well as the structural model. The invariance test lent support to the hypothesis that the structure of constructs is invariant across gender. However, the relations between constructs were not invariant. Children (boys and girls) who expressed high verbal violence on them reported they were more verbally and physically aggressive. Boys, but not girls, who reported high physical violence on them reported they were more verbally and physically aggressive. The relation between perceived family violence and perceived aggressive behavior seem to be dependent on gender and types of family violence as well as the kind of children’s aggressive behavior.
Systemic Implications of the Bail-In Design

The 2007-2008 financial crisis forced governments to choose between the unattractive alternatives of either bailing out a systemically important bank (SIB) or allowing it to fail disruptively. Bail-in has been put forward as an alternative that potentially addresses the too-big-to-fail and contagion risk problems simultaneously. Though its efficacy has been demonstrated for smaller idiosyncratic SIB failures, its ability to maintain stability in cases of large SIB failures and system-wide crises remains untested. This paper’s novelty is to assess the financial-stability implications of bail-in design, explicitly accounting for the multi-layered networked nature of the financial system. We present a model of the European financial system that captures all five of the prevailing contagion channels. We demonstrate that it is essential to understand the interaction of multiple contagion mechanisms and that financial institutions other than banks play an important role. Our results indicate that stability hinges on the bank-specific and structural bail-in design. On one hand, a well-designed bail-in buttresses financial resilience, but on the other hand, an ill-designed bail-in tends to exacerbate financial distress, especially in system-wide crises and when there are large SIB failures. Our analysis suggests that the current bail-in design may be in the region of instability. While policy makers can fix this, the political economy incentives make this unlikely. In all, our findings indicate that the too-big-to-fail problem remains unresolved today.
Incidence and Management of Post Cholecystectomy Biliary Fistula at Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective: To determine the incidence and management of post cholecystectomy biliary fistula at tertiary care Hospital. Methodology: This was a prospective study which was conducted at general surgery department of Liaquat University of Medical and health Sciences, during one year from March 2017 to February 2018. All the patients those underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy or open cholecystectomy, age more than15 years and either of gender were included. All the patients were evaluated for developed biliary fistula after cholecystectomies. All the patients of biliary fistula were managed conservatively and surgically and their management outcome was recorded. After operation most of patients were followed up to 6 months. The data was collected via study designed proforma. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 318 patients, 280 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomies, 38 patients underwent open cholecystectomies. Mean age of the patients was 41.34+8.23 years. Females were in majority 233(73.3%) and males were 95(29.7%). Out of all post-cholecystectomy biliary fistula was seen in 10(3.14%) patients. Incidence of post-cholecystectomy biliary fistula was insignificantly associated with types of cholecystectomies (p=0.425), while it was highly prevalent in Original Research Article Haq et al.; JPRI, 33(33B): 203-208, 2021; Article no.JPRI. 62972 204 females (p=0.001). Conclusion: In the conclusion of this study the post cholecystectomy biliary fistula was observed to be 3.14% and mostly patients were manged via conservative treatment.
Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Shock Change the Reservation Wage?

The COVID-19 pandemic can change the reservation wage because of changes in people’s preferences due to the risk of infection, the rapid rise of work at home, or a worsened household economy. Furthermore, the changing reservation wage changes the decision to work, especially for the second wage earner. This study examines the effect of the pandemic shock on the reservation wage using the difference-in-differences method and Japanese data about job seekers’ desired wage. We find that after the first wave of the pandemic, the reservation wages for part-time (full-time) job increase (decrease) in urban prefectures. Especially, the reservation wages for part-time managerial (construction and mining) occupations increase (decrease). These managerial jobs include managing shops like restaurants and bars, where it is difficult to maintain sales during pandemic and a high risk of infection exists. People may not prefer these aspects. In contrast, the pandemic shock worsened the household economy. This may decrease the reservation wage in jobs where money is received instantly, such as part-time construction and mining jobs. Finally, contrary to our expectation, the reservation wage of professional jobs that seem to be familiar with work at home does not decrease. Furthermore, the decrease in reservation wages in the prior period increases the labor market participation rate.
Determining the Role of Hotel Attributes in Building Customer Loyalty Using Importance–Performance Analysis: A Study in the Context of Tourist Nationalities

Identifying the importance and satisfaction of hotel attributes in the eyes of tourists and their role in building customer loyalty is critical for improving the service quality. Therefore, in our study, customers' importance and performance perceptions regarding the services offered by accommodation businesses were examined in terms of customers’ nationalities. Our research has two main objectives. The first objective is to determine the importance and performance perceptions of the services provided by the hotels according to the nationalities of the customers using the using importance-performance analysis (IPA) model and to compare the perceptions of importance-performance according to nationality. The second aim is to determine the effect of satisfaction perceptions regarding hotel services on customer loyalty according to customer nationality. The research was designed as a survey-based quantitative research methodology. Convenience sampling was used, which is a non-random sampling method. Data were obtained from 1153 German, Russian, and Turkish tourists accommodating in five-star hotels in Alanya, Turkey. A gap analysis was conducted using pairwise t-tests to evaluate whether the importance and performance perceptions of the participants differed. IPA was conducted with attributes being graphically displayed on the I-P grids. The impact of hotel service satisfaction on customer loyalty was investigated using regression analysis. The research findings reveal that customers' performance perceptions and services attach importance to differ significantly by nationality. And also, it was concluded that satisfaction with the services provided in accommodation businesses has a significant effect on customer loyalty and that this effect differs in customer groups. Determining satisfaction factors affecting customer loyalty according to customer characteristics make a significant contribution to service quality improvement. In this context, the research results provide practical and theoretical contributions to how customer satisfaction and customer loyalty can be improved according to market groups.
Preharvest fruit bagging time regulates postharvest quality and shelf life of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) 

Appropriate bagging time is imperative for effective use of fruit bagging technology in safe fruit production. A study was conducted at the Germplasm Centre of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU-GPC), Mymensingh during May 2018 to September 2019 with a view to determining the effect of preharvest fruit bagging time on postharvest qualities and shelf life of dragon fruit. The two-factor experiment was comprised of two varieties viz., BAU dragon fruit-1; BAU dragon fruit-2 and three bagging time viz., Fruit bagging at 7, 12 and 17 days after fruit setting (DAFS). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Black polythene bag was used as bagging material for this study. It was observed that fruit bagging at 7 DAFS significantly increased fruit length (11.74 cm), flesh weight (188.59 g), moisture content (85.06%), total soluble solids (14.790Brix) and shortened the maturity time (21.66 days) of BAU dragon fruit-1. Besides, fruit bagging at 7 DAFS significantly increased fruit diameter (7.60 cm), edible rate (74.29%), pH (4.72), dry matter content (20.59%), shelf life (11.65 days) and reduced peel weight (62.57 g), peel thickness (0.22 cm) of BAU dragon fruit-2. From the findings of this study it can be concluded that fruit bagging at 7 days after fruit setting resulted the improve the postharvest quality and shelf life of dragon fruit.
Common Beans and Abiotic Stress Challenges

Legumes are well recognized for their nutritional and health benefits as well as for their impact in the sustainability of agricultural systems. The threatening scenario imposed by climate change highlights the need for concerted research approaches in order to develop crops that are able to cope with environmental stresses, while increasing yield and quality. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plays a significant role in human diets around the world, especially in developing countries and particularly in Asian Sub continent. It is very rich in protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Common beans face major production challenge in the form of various abiotic stresses like drought, cold temperature and salinity. Abiotic stresses play a major role in determining overall returns and also affects the differential distribution of the plant species across different types of environments. These stresses hamper production potential of beans and result in declining of final harvests. These traits are very complex in their expression behavior and their per se inheritance from one generation to next one. Abiotic stress resilience is most of the times governed by polygenic nature of inheritance and often conditioned by multiple factor interacting mechanisms right from physiological, biochemical and genetical processes. Enough has to be Review Article Lone et al.; CJAST, 40(14): 41-53, 2021; Article no.CJAST. 69745 42 explored regarding effect severity and crop stage susceptibility against drought or moisture stress and to optimize the severity of stress to be put on in the field. This review draft will consider different aspects of common bean with respect to different prevailing abiotic stresses, and will suggest an better plant ideotype with a summation of most desirable traits to handle effectively with the unpredictability of abiotic stress, and their heavy impact.
Association between stress and waist-to-height ratio among medical students in a private university of Lima-Perú in 2018

Objective: To determine the association between stress and waist-to-height ratio (WTHR) in medical students in a private university of Lima in 2018. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study. The population in this study was comprised between 2nd and 5th year medical students in a private university in Lima. The main variables were stress and waist-to-height ratio. The data was submitted to STATA 14.0 where the frequency of categoric variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion of quantitative variables were calculated. Afterwards, a bivariate analysis was done, and finally a multivariate analysis was conducted, using a Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: A total of 234 persons were analyzed. No statistically significant association was found between stress and WTHR, in the crude analysis (p=0.93) nor when adjusted according to age, sex, academic year and physical activity. (p=0.43). Statistically association was found between sex and WTHR (p<0.00). Conclusions: No association was found between the WTHR and stress. Nevertheless, 46.58% of the population had an elevated WTHR and 29.06% had stress.
Effect of seventeen rootstocks on young ‘Valência’ sweet orange performance in western Santa Catarina, Brazil

Recommendations of rootstocks for ‘Valência’ sweet orange in southern Brazil have been partially based on empirical observations or information. Therefore, this study compared young ‘Valência’ trees budded on different rootstocks in western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Seventeen rootstocks were tested for growth (tree height and canopy projection area and volume) and fruit production (per tree, hectare, m2 and m3 of canopy). The experiment comprised four replicates of three trees and was carried during six years under standard management, in a Cfa (humid subtropical) climate. In general, larger trees produced more fruit. However, ‘San Diego’ citrandarin, ‘Swingle’ citrumelo, ‘Cravo’ rangpur lime (among vigorous rootstocks), ‘Cravo’ x ‘Sunki’ EEI hybrid, ‘Fepagro C37 Dorneles’ citrange, ‘Rubidoux’ trifoliate orange (among medium vigorous rootstocks), ‘HFD25 EEI’ hybrid and ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliate orange (among less vigorous rootstocks) stood out in cumulated production by area or volume of the canopy. ‘San Diego’ also stood out in production per tree. Cultivars ‘Cravo’ x ‘Sunki’ EEI, ‘San Diego’, and ‘HFD25 EEI’ should be further evaluated regarding disease susceptibility and fruit quality for possible release.
Role of Fetal Sacral Length in Assessment of Gestational Age by Ultrasound

Background: Proper detection of gestational age is important for preventing premature labour. Foetal sacrum length can be used for detection of gestational age. Aim of the study: to develop a nomogram for foetal sacral length during pregnancy and assess its utility in detecting abnormal fetal growth. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional research conducted at Alzahraa University Hospital's at obstetrics and gynecology clinic, from January 2020 to January 2021. Singleton uncomplicated pregnancies with no abnormalities. 300 pregnant women were investigated (240 average gestational age , 30 with small gestational age SGA and 30 with large gestational age LGA). From 16 to 40 weeks gestation . BPD, HC FL, AC, TCD and sacral length were examined. Results: There is no significant difference between the studied groups regarding demographic data. Fetal sacral length increases with gestational age and there is association between fetal sacral length “mm” and gestational age “wks. The relationship between gestational age and sacral length is described by a linear regression equation for fetuses with a gestational age of wks and show significant difference. There is significant difference between BPD, head circumference, and femur length with gestational age for the LGA and SCA foetuses. However TCD and sacral length show no significant difference between the expected and actual gestational age Conclusion: Foetal sacral length is simple and useful parameter can used as routine parameter, complementary tool in estimation of foetal growth and prediction of gestational age in normal and abnormal foetal growth.
The Relationship between Audit Committee Characteristics on Accounting-based Performance (ROA and ROE) as a Measure of Performance Evidence from Jordan

The study aims to investigate the effect of audit committee characteristics, represented in (size, independence, and meeting) to the enhancement of performance, for a sample of 460 Jordanian non-financial companies listed at Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the period of (2014-2018). To achieve this goal, the performance was measured using the return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The study also utilized two control variables in order to help to measure the relationship between audit committee (AC) and performance. Overall, A fixed-effect model was used to test various hypotheses of the study. The study found a significant positive relationship between the auditing committee characteristics (AC size, AC independence, and AC meeting) with ROA and ROE in the Jordanian non-financial listed Companies. The study contributes to the literature on audit committee characteristics and performance in developing countries, especially in Jordan. Our findings contribute towards better articulating and applying a more concrete measure of performance that as an accounting based performance (ROA, ROE). This study provides useful information that is of great value to policymakers, academics, and other stakeholders. Based on the study results, researchers made a number of recommendations that include: researchers and academic staff must study in the future researches some of the other variables, such as expertise in AC, Muslim director in AC, and activities in AC in order to enhance corporate at Amman Stock Exchange.