Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphophonological influences on the construction of subject – verb agreement

Many theorists of language production conceive there to be a number of levels that mediate the translation between meaning and sound. Levelt (1989) distinguished the processes of conceptualizing (constructing a preverbal message based on one’s intentions, beliefs, knowledge, and current discourse model), formulating (creating a hierarchically and serially organized sentence structure that contains the words, including their phonological properties and prosodic form), and articulating (coordinating the speech motor system and executing the appropriate motor commands). Formulating is further divided into grammatical encoding (selection of words and construction of structure) and phonological encoding (determining the segmental and metrical properties of words in connected speech). Levelt (1989; see also Bock & Levelt, 1994; Levelt, Roelofs, & Meyer, 1999) takes a strong position on the nature of these processing levels: There are only top-down influences between levels. Therefore, grammatical encoding should not be affected by phonological information. In this article, we examine whether there are morphophonological influences on grammatical processing. The domain of morphophonology is the phonological realization of morphemes. In different phonological and grammatical contexts, morphological elements may be realized differently even when they have the same meaning, as in the English past tense (e.g., looked ends in /t/ but lagged ends in /d/ ), and they may be realized in the same way even when their meanings differ (the plural of the noun rings, the third-person singular of the verb sings, and the possessive of the name Bing’s are all /z/). The evidence for phonological influences on grammatical encoding in production is mixed, and observed effects appear to be small and fragile (e.g., Bock, 1986, 1987; Levelt & Maassen, 1981). Given their theoretical importance, in the present research, our aim was to explore them in a different domain. Specifically, we report a line of evidence that focuses on the implementation of subject–verb agreement in speech.
Underpricing in the Cryptocurrency World: Evidence from Initial Coin Offerings

This paper analyzes underpricing in Initial Coin Offerings (ICO). It bridges the gap between findings in Initial Public Offering (IPO) literature and empirical results from ICOs. The sample set consists of 279 ICOs between April 2013 and January 2. The results show an average level of underpricing of 102% and a median of 26%. This is significantly higher than IPO underpricing. The level of underpricing can partially be explained by information asymmetry related proxies, like trading volume, issue size, and market sentiment. Therefore, I conclude proxies from IPO literature are usable to explain the level of ICO underpricing. Furthermore, the existence of a pre-ICO has a significant negative relationship to underpricing.
Language and Ideology: A Framework for Analysis

This essay re-examines the concept of ideology and the relations between language, ideology and power. Two basic concepts of ideology are distinguished, a ‘neutral’ conception and a ‘critical’ conception, and the latter conception is developed and defended. To study ideology, it is proposed, is to study the ways in which meaning serves to sustain relations of domination. The analysis of language is thus central to the study of ideology, since language is one of the principal mediums through which meaning is mobilized in the social world. This reorientation of the study of ideology enables one to criticize certain misleading assumptions and provides a basis upon which one can pursue problems of interpretation, justification and critique.
Effects of environment and land-use history on upland forests of the Cary Arboretum, Hudson Valley, New York.

GLITZENSTEIN, J. S. , C. D. CANHAM, M. J. McDoNNELL AND D. R. STRENG (Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545). Effects of environment and land-use history on upland forests of the Cary Arboretum, Hudson Valley, New York. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 1 17: 106-122. 1990. -Relationships of vegetation to environment and land-use history were investigated in forests of the Mary Flagler Cary Arboretum in the Hudson Valley of New York. Vegetation data were obtained from 76 I/2 ha circular plots randomly located within the forest. Environmental data collected at each plot included slope, aspect, canopy openness, soil texture and nutrients, topographic position, and presence of exposed rock; gravimetric soil moisture was determined weekly during 1985 for a subsample of 25 stands. Land-use history information came from historical records (land deeds and U.S. and N.Y.S. census records), stone-fence locations, landscape patterns in stand ages, an old aerial photograph, and soils data. Vegetation analyses identified three major community types. One group of stands, dominated by chestnut oak (Quercus prinus L.) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), occurred on steep, rocky, upper slope sites never cleared for agriculture. Distinct vertical stratification of dominant canopy species in these stands is consistent with a probable history of intensive selective cutting early in this century. Both of the other major community types occurred primarily on abandoned agricultural land. Stands dominated by white oak (Quercus alba L.), black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.) and pignut hickory (Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet) tended to occur at lower elevations on rocky, nutrient poor sites probably derived from abandoned pastures. The significantly more open canopy in these stands, less distinct vertical stratification of canopy trees, and a diverse herbaceous understory frequently including grasses and sedges, also suggests very gradual invasion of these forests onto old pasture sites. The third major vegetation type, dominated by red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and white pine (Pinus strobus L.), tended to occur on finer textured, less rocky old field sites possibly abandoned from cultivation. Comparison of current vegetation with witness tree data from early land survey records suggests that the white oak-black oakhickory type was prevalent on lower slope sites prior to forest clearing, but has declined in importance relative to the red maple type during the past 100 years of abandonment of land from agriculture.
Bmc Public Health

The ProActive trial protocol – a randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of a family-based, domiciliary intervention programme to increase physical activity among individuals at high risk of diabetes [ISRCTN61323766] Abstract Background: Increasing prevalence of obesity and disorders associated with sedentary living constitute a major global public health problem. While previous evaluations of interventions to increase physical activity have involved communities or individuals with established disease, less attention has been given to interventions for individuals at risk of disease.
National Cholesterol Education Program Recommendations for Measurement of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: Executive Summary

Low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol are a strong, independent inverse predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.4 There is some epidemiological evidence that low HDL-cholesterol is as important a risk indicator as increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. Each 1% increase in HDL-cholesterol has been associated with a 2-4% decrease in CHD risk. Clinical trials of LDLlowering therapies have shown that concomitant increases in HDL-cholesterol confer an additional independent reduction in CHD risk. The first report of the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) identified an HDL-cholesterol of <35 mg/dL (0.91 mmol/L) as a major risk factor for CHD. A National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored consensus conference for HDL and triglycerides held in February of 1992 concluded that evidence is sufficient to accept a causal role for HDL-cholesterol in regard to CHD. The panel recommended that measurements of HDL-cholesterol be made whenever total cholesterol is measured. Treatment of patients with low HDL-cholesterol was considered appropriate, preferably by hygienic measures: smoking cessation, improved diet, weight loss, and increased exercise. The second report of the NCEP ATP (ATP II), released in June 1993, reaffirmed that a low HDL-cholesterol (<35 mg/dL) is a
Cannabis use and first-episode psychosis: relationship with manic and psychotic symptoms, and with age at presentation

Background Cannabis use has been reported to be associated with an earlier onset of symptoms in patients with first-episode psychosis, and a worse outcome in those who continue to take cannabis. In general, studies have concentrated on symptoms of psychosis rather than mania. In this study, using a longitudinal design in a large naturalistic cohort of patients with first-episode psychosis, we investigated the relationship between cannabis use, age of presentation to services, daily functioning, and positive, negative and manic symptoms. Method Clinical data on 502 patients with first-episode psychosis were collected using the MiData audit database from seven London-based Early Intervention in psychosis teams. Individuals were assessed at two time points – at entry to the service and after 1 year. On each occasion, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale and Global Assessment of Functioning Scale disability subscale were rated. At both time points, the use of cannabis and other drugs of abuse in the 6 months preceding each assessment was recorded. Results Level of cannabis use was associated with a younger age at presentation, and manic symptoms and conceptual disorganization, but not with delusions, hallucinations, negative symptoms or daily functioning. Cannabis users who reduced or stopped their use following contact with services had the greatest improvement in symptoms at 1 year compared with continued users and non-users. Continued users remained more symptomatic than non-users at follow-up. Conclusions Effective interventions for reducing cannabis use may yield significant health benefits for patients with first-episode psychosis.
The Impact of Organizational Culture and Lecturer Competence on Organizational Commitment to Influence Lecturer Performance

The aim of this study is to confirm and re-examine the effect of organizational culture and lecturer competence on lecturer performance with organizational commitment as a mediating variable. The population in this study were 61 lecturers. Samples were selected by purposive sampling and a total of 45 people were obtained. Research hypotheses were tested using path analysis with the SmartPLS version 3.2. 9 application. The research results showed that organizational culture has a significant effect on organizational commitment and lecturer performance. Lecturer competence has a significant effect on organizational commitment but does not have a significant effect on lecturer performance. Likewise, organizational commitment has no significant effect on lecturer performance and organizational commitment has not been able to mediate organizational culture and lecturer competency on lecturer performance.
Citation counting, citation ranking, and h-index of human-computer interaction researchers: A comparison of Scopus and Web of Science

This study examines the differences between Scopus and Web of Science in the citation counting, citation ranking, and h -index of 22 top human-computer interaction (HCI) researchers from EQUATOR—a large British Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration project. Results indicate that Scopus provides signiﬁcantly more coverage of HCI literature than Web of Science, primarily due to coverage of relevant ACM and IEEE peer-reviewed conference proceedings. No signiﬁcant differences exist between the two databases if citations in journals only are compared. Although broader coverage of the literature does not signiﬁcantly alter the relative citation ranking of individual researchers, Scopus helps distinguish between the researchers in a more nuanced fashion than Web of Science in both citation counting and h -index. Sco-pus also generates signiﬁcantly different maps of citation networks of individual scholars than those generated by Web of Science. The study also presents a comparison of h -index scores based on Google Scholar with those based on the union of Scopus and Web of Science. The study concludes that Scopus can be used as a sole data source for citation-based research and evaluation in HCI, especially when citations in conference proceedings are sought, and that researchers should manually calculate h scores instead of relying on system calculations.
RNA Sequencing Reveals Interacting Key Determinants of Osteoarthritis Acting in Subchondral Bone and Articular Cartilage: Identification of IL11 and CHADL as Attractive Treatment Targets

Objective. To identify key determinants of the interactive pathophysiologic processes in subchondral bone and cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. We performed RNA sequencing on macroscopically preserved and lesional OA subchondral bone from patients in the Research Arthritis and Articular Cartilage study who underwent joint replacement surgery due to OA (n = 24 sample pairs: 6 hips and 18 knees). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering and differential expression analyses were conducted. Results were combined with data on previously identified differentially expressed genes in cartilage (partly overlapping samples) as well as data on recently identified OA risk genes. Results. We identified 1,569 genes that were significantly differentially expressed between lesional and preserved subchondral bone, including CNTNAP2 (fold change [FC] 2.4, false discovery rate [FDR] 3.36 × 10 −5 ) and STMN2 (FC 9.6, FDR 2.36 × 10 −3 ). Among these 1,569 genes, 305 were also differentially expressed, and with the same direction of effect, in cartilage, including the recently recognized OA susceptibility genes IL11 and CHADL . Upon differential expression analysis with stratification for joint site, we identified 509 genes that were exclusively differentially expressed in subchondral bone of the knee, including KLF11 and WNT4 . These genes that were differentially expressed exclusively in the knee were enriched for involvement in epigenetic processes, characterized by, e.g., HIST1H3J and HIST1H3H . expression patterns in OA subchondral bone, performed using RNA sequencing in both hip and knee samples. We identified distinct differences in expression patterns between hips and knees. Moreover, we identified multiple genes that were previously demonstrated in OA articular cartilage, in addition to genes that were subchondral bone specific. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiologic processes underlying the development of OA.
Crowdsourcing Hypothesis Tests: Making Transparent How Design Choices Shape Research Results

Landy, J.F. ; Jia, M.L. ; Ding, I.L. ; Viganola, D. ; Tierney, W. ; Dreber, A. ; Johannesson, M. ; Pfeiffer, T. ; Ebersole, C.R. ; Gronau, Q.F. ; Ly, A. ; van den Bergh, D. ; Marsman, M. ; Derks, K. ; Wagenmakers, E. -J.; Proctor, A. ; Bartels, D.M. ; Bauman, C.W. ; Brady, W.J.; Cheung, F. ; Cimpian, A. ; Dohle, S. ; Donnellan, M. Brent; Hahn, A. ; Hall, M.P.; Jiménez-Leal, W. ; Johnson, D.J.; Lucas, R.E. ; Monin, B. ; Montealegre, A. ; Mullen, E. ; Pang, J.; Ray, J.; Reinero, D.A. ; Reynolds, J.; Sowden, W. ; Storage, D. ; Su, R. ; Tworek, C.M. ; Van Bavel, J.J.; Walco, D. ; Wills, J.; Xu, X. ; Yam, K.C. ; Yang, X. ; Cunningham, W.A. ; Schweinsberg, M. ; Urwitz, M. ; The Crowdsourcing Hypothesis Tests Collaboration; Uhlmann, E.L. DOI 10.1037/bul0000220 Publication date 2020 Document Version Final published version Published in Psychological Bulletin License Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act
Explorer Edinburgh SLT and MT System Description for the IWSLT 2014 Evaluation

This paper describes the University of Edinburgh’s spoken language translation (SLT) and machine translation (MT) systems for the IWSLT 2014 evaluation campaign. In the SLT track, we participated in the German↔English and English→French tasks. In the MT track, we participated in the German↔English, English→French, Arabic↔English, Farsi→English, Hebrew→English, Spanish↔English, and Portuguese-Brazil↔English tasks. For our SLT submissions, we experimented with comparing operation sequence models with bilingual neural network language models. For our MT submissions, we explored using unsupervised transliteration for languages which have a different script than English, in particular for Arabic, Farsi, and Hebrew. We also investigated syntax-based translation and system combination.
On the impact of layout quality to understanding UML diagrams: Diagram type and expertise

Practical experience suggests that the use and understanding of UML diagrams is greatly affected by the quality of their layout. In previous work, we have presented evidence supporting this intuition. This contrasts with earlier experiments that yielded weak or inconclusive evidence only. In the current paper, we expand on our earlier experiments by varying both diagram types and populations studied. We find no difference in the beneficial evidence of good layout wrt. diagram types. We also find support for the hypothesis that experts benefit less than novices. While still lacking independent replication of our earlier results, these results add further evidence in support of our hypothesis.
Three mosses new for the Pyrenees

Hypnum sauteri Schimp. , Pohlia andrewsii A.J. Shaw and Tayloria lingulata (Dicks.) Lindb. are 3 moss species new for the Pyrenees. All 3 species are recorded from the Pyrénées-Orientales (France). Their ecological requirements and the new localities are briefly described. Los 3 musgos Hypnum sauteri Schimp. , Pohlia andrewsii A.J. Shaw and Tayloria lingulata (Dicks.) Lindb. son nuevos para los Pirineos y se citan de los Pirineos Orientales (Francia). Se describen brevemente sus apetencias ecológicas y las nuevas localidades.
Protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of improving tuberculosis patients’ treatment adherence via electronic monitors and an app versus usual care in Tibet

Background: Treatment non-adherence is a serious challenge to effective tuberculosis (TB) control in Tibet. In this study, we will pilot and evaluate the effectiveness of using new technologies, including electronic monitors (e-monitors) and a smartphone app, to improve treatment adherence among new pulmonary TB patients in Tibet, China. Methods: This is a prospective, pragmatic, multicentre, individual-randomized trial with blinded evaluation of outcomes and data analysis, and unblinded treatment. New pulmonary TB patients of Shigatse, Tibet will be randomized to either the intervention or control arm in a 1:1 ration at the time of their diagnoses. All patients will be treated according to the WHO standard TB treatment regimens and China National TB program guidelines. In the control arm, patients will receive their medicines in e-monitors that are deactivated for its reminder function but are able to collect medication adherence history. In the intervention arm, patients will take medications in e-monitors that will record their medication adherence and share with health staff via a smartphone app. Patients will be opted to receive video observed treatment when adherence is problematic. The primary outcome is the rate of poor adherence measured per month during their treatment. It will be calculated from monthly-level data for each patient indicating the number of doses missed per month, with poor monthly adherence defined as the patient having missed ≥20% of doses per month. We will conduct a qualitative process evaluation to explore operational questions regarding acceptability, cultural appropriateness and burden of technology use, a cost-effectiveness analysis and long-term effects on TB control. Discussion: Our study is one of the first trials to evaluate the use of e-monitors and smartphone app to improve communications between TB patients and health staff in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). All intervention activities are designed to be embedded into routine practice of TB care with strong local ownership. Through the trial, we intend to understand the effectiveness of our intervention, as well as its feasibility, cost-effectiveness and long-term impact to inform future scale-up in remote areas of China and LMICs. Trial Registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN52132803, registered on 9 November 2018. Keywords: Tuberculosis, treatment adherence, mhealth, randomised controlled trial, Tibet
Health effects of sanitation facilities: a Bayesian semiparametric analysis of compositional data

Diarrhoeal disease is one of the leading causes of illness and death in young children: a problem exacerbated by a lack of access to safe sanitation facilities. But the effects of different types of sanitation facilities, and the relationship between their levels of coverage in an area and disease risk, remain uncertain. We specify a hierarchical model that enables us to estimate the disease risk response surface across the multi‐dimensional space of the composition of sanitation facilities in an area. This permits a non‐linear relationship between coverage of improved sanitation, differential effects by sanitation type and unobserved differences between countries. The model is used to estimate the change in risk associated with different types of sanitation facility, from which it is estimated that only increases in the coverage of sewerage and private improved sanitation facilities will achieve clinically meaningful reductions in the risk of adverse outcomes.
Segmental arterial mediolysis: Literature review focused on radiologic findings and management

Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is a rare disease which can have catastrophic consequences due to massive hemorrhage or dissecting hematomas. The pathophysiology of this disease is not well-known, and the symptoms vary according to the organs involved. In many patients the diagnosis is based on the clinical and radiologic features rather than the pathologic confirmation. The catheter-based endovascular technique can be an interventional treatment option for SAM, as well as surgical management. Copyright © 2016, Society of Gastrointestinal Intervention. All rights reserved.