Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fixation times of de novo and standing beneficial variants in subdivided populations

The rate at which beneficial alleles fix in a population depends on the probability of and time to fixation of such alleles. Both of these quantities can be significantly impacted by population subdivision and limited gene flow. Here, we investigate how limited dispersal influences the rate of fixation of beneficial de novo mutations, as well as fixation time from standing genetic variation. We investigate this for a population structured according to the island model of dispersal allowing us to use the diffusion approximation, which we complement with simulations. We find that fixation may take on average fewer generations under limited dispersal than under panmixia when selection is moderate. This is especially the case if adaptation occurs from de novo recessive mutations, and dispersal is not too limited (such that approximately FST < 0.2). The reason is that mildly limited dispersal leads to only a moderate increase in effective population size (which slows down fixation), but is sufficient to cause a relative excess of homozygosity due to inbreeding, thereby exposing rare recessive alleles to selection (which accelerates fixation). We also explore the effect of meta-population dynamics through local extinction followed by recolonization, finding that such dynamics always accelerate fixation from standing genetic variation, while de novo mutations show faster fixation interspersed with longer waiting times. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the detection of sweeps, suggesting that limited dispersal mitigates the expected differences between the genetic signatures of sweeps involving recessive and dominant alleles.
Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria against Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity to Rat Organs

Background: Aflatoxin (AF), a metabolite of Aspergillus flavus, is injurious to vital body organs. The bacterial defense against such mycotoxins has attracted significant attention. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to ameliorate AF toxicity. Methods: Thirty adult male rats were divided into six groups (five each) to perform the experiments. The control (Co) group was fed a basal diet and water. Each of the following periods lasted 21 days: the milk (MK) group orally received milk (500 µL); LAB suspension (500 µL) containing 107 cfu/mL was orally provided to the LAB group; AF (0.5 mg/kg) was orally given to the AF group; and a combination of AF and LAB was administered to the AF + LAB group. The AF/LAB group was initially given AF for 21 days, followed by LAB for the same period. Finally, the rats were dissected to retrieve blood and tissue samples for hematological, biochemical, and histological studies. Results: The results revealed a significant decrease in RBCs, lymphocytes, total proteins, eosinophil count, albumin, and uric acid, whereas the levels of WBCs, monocytes, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine kinase significantly increased in the AF group in comparison to the control group. The histological examination of the AF group revealed necrosis and apoptosis of the kidney’s glomeruli and renal tubules, nuclei vacuolization and apoptosis of hepatocytes, congestion of the liver’s dilated portal vein, lymphoid depletion in the white pulp, localized hemorrhages, hemosiderin pigment deposition in the spleen, and vacuolization of seminiferous tubules with a complete loss of testis spermatogenic cells. Meanwhile, protective and therapeutic LAB administration in AF-treated rats improved the hematological, biochemical, and histological changes. Conclusions: The study revealed LAB-based amelioration to AFB1-induced disruptions of the kidney, liver, spleen, and testis by inhibiting tissue damage. The therapeutic effects of LAB were comparatively more pronounced than the protective effects.
SUPRA HOMEOMORPHISM IN SUPRA TOPOLOGICAL ORDERED SPACES

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concepts of x-supra continuous (open, closed, homeomorphism) maps in supra topological ordered spaces for x ∈ {I,D,B}. We study the relationship among these types with the help of examples and investigate the equivalent conditions for each concept. In particular, we present the sufficient conditions for maps to preserve some of separation axioms.
Lasting dynamic effects of the psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine ((±)-DOI) on cognitive flexibility

Psychedelic drugs can aid fast and lasting remission from various neuropsychiatric disorders, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Preclinical studies suggest serotonergic psychedelics enhance neuronal plasticity, but whether neuroplastic changes can also be seen at cognitive and behavioural levels is unexplored. Here we show that a single dose of the psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine ((±)-DOI) affects structural brain plasticity and cognitive flexibility in young adult mice beyond the acute drug experience. Using ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging, we show increased volumes of several sensory and association areas one day after systemic administration of 2mgkg−1 (±)-DOI. We then demonstrate lasting effects of (±)-DOI on cognitive flexibility in a two-step probabilistic reversal learning task where 2mgkg−1 (±)-DOI improved the rate of adaptation to a novel reversal in task structure occurring one-week post-treatment. Strikingly, (±)-DOI-treated mice started learning from reward omissions, a unique strategy not typically seen in mice in this task, suggesting heightened sensitivity to previously overlooked cues. Crucially, further experiments revealed that (±)-DOI’s effects on cognitive flexibility were contingent on the timing between drug treatment and the novel reversal, as well as on the nature of the intervening experience. (±)-DOI’s facilitation of both cognitive adaptation and novel thinking strategies may contribute to the clinical benefits of psychedelic-assisted therapy, particularly in cases of perseverative behaviours and a resistance to change seen in depression, anxiety, or addiction. Furthermore, our findings highlight the crucial role of time-dependent neuroplasticity and the influence of experiential factors in shaping the therapeutic potential of psychedelic interventions for impaired cognitive flexibility.
Doppler Temperature Coefficient Calculations Using Adjoint-Weighted Tallies and Continuous Energy Cross Sections in MCNP6

The calculation of the thermal neutron Doppler temperature reactivity feedback coefficient, a key parameter in the design and safe operation of advanced reactors, using first order perturbation theory in continuous energy Monte Carlo codes is challenging as the continuous energy adjoint flux is not readily available. Traditional approaches of obtaining the adjoint flux attempt to invert the random walk process as well as require data corresponding to all temperatures and their respective temperature derivatives within the system in order to accurately calculate the Doppler temperature feedback. A new method has been developed using adjoint-weighted tallies and On-The-Fly (OTF) generated continuous energy cross sections within the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP6) transport code. The adjoint-weighted tallies are generated during the continuous energy k-eigenvalue Monte Carlo calculation. The weighting is based upon
Gain ratio in weighting attributes on simple additive weighting

Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) is one of Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) method known as simple weighted linear combination and most used. However, based on several studies, it produces lower accuracy values than other MADM methods. Because there is no validation in the weighting system for each attribute so that it affects the decision-making process and for some newly incompatible attributes causing errors in decision making and determining the best alternative. In this study, researchers used gain ratio as the basis of attribute weighting on SAW. Datasets used from UCI machine learning repository, such as cryotherapy, immunotherapy, ILPD and user knowledge modelling. The accuracy result of this research will be compare with the result of SAW method accuracy value based on the weight of the dataset using relative standard deviation. The average value of accuracy obtained by weighting attributes based on the weight of the dataset of 28.1825% and weight gain ratio of 31.6975%. Then on attribute weighting based on the gain ratio has a better accuracy. However, the Cryotherapy dataset value accuracy based on the weight gain ratio more 0.5% lower than the weight of the dataset due to the value in the spread dataset.
CONTINUOUS SWIMMING TRAINING IN MODERATE INTENSITY DECREASED FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE LEVEL IN FEMALE MICE ON A HIGH-CALORIE DIET

Background: The increase of calorie intake can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes mellitus. One of the efforts to reduce the risk is doing physical exercise. Types of physical exercise that can affect the system of female reproduction are not clearly defined. Purpose: To analyse the effect of moderate intensity continuous physical exercise on FSH levels in female rats exposed to a high-calorie diet. Methods: Laboratory experimental was research with Randomized Post test only Control Group Design. Sampel size was 27 rats (150-200, adults) in the estrus phase, then divided into 3 groups (negative control group, positive control group (high-calorie diet), and the Moderate Intensity Continuous Training group (MICT with high-calorie diet)). Results: The results showed that there was an significant effect of continuous physical exercise in moderate intensity on FSH level in female rats exposed to other group. The FSH level in the MICT group had the lowes level (16.78 ±4.83 mIU/ml). Conclusion: There is an effect of MICT on FSH level decreases in female rats exposed to a high diet calories. This can be caused, that high-calorie diet can inhibit GnRH secretion and continuous moderate-intensity physical exercise changes the rat energy metabolism
Dependent Merges and First-Class Environments

In most programming languages a (runtime) environment stores all the definitions that are available to programmers. Typically, environments are a meta-level notion, used only conceptually or internally in the implementation of programming languages. Only a few programming languages allow environments to be first-class values , which can be manipulated directly in programs. Although there is some research on calculi with first-class environments for statically typed programming languages, these calculi typically have significant restrictions. In this paper we propose a statically typed calculus, called E i , with first-class environments. The main novelty of the E i calculus is its support for first-class environments, together with an expressive set of operators that manipulate them. Such operators include: reification of the current environment, environment concatenation , environment restriction , and reflection mechanisms for running computations under a given environment. In E i any type can act as a context (i.e. an environment type) and contexts are simply types. Furthermore, because E i supports subtyping, there is a natural notion of context subtyping. There are two important ideas in E i that generalize and are inspired by existing notions in the literature. The E i calculus borrows disjoint intersection types and a merge operator , used in E i to model contexts and environments, from the λ i calculus. However, unlike the merges in λ i , the merges in E i can depend on previous components of a merge. From implicit calculi, the E i calculus borrows the notion of a query , which allows type-based lookups on environments. In particular, queries are key to the ability of E i to reify the current environment, or some parts of it. We prove the determinism and type soundness of E i , and show that E i can encode all well-typed λ i programs.
HETEROSIS AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN BLACKGRAM

Heterosis (over better parent) and inbreeding depression were estimated among 50 hybrids generated from 15 parents in blackgram for nine biometriacal traits. Maximum heterobeltiosis was observed for branches per plant followed by pods per plant, seed yield per plant followed by pods per plant. The crossesvig. Vamban 1 x VB 3. Vamban 1 x VB 20 and Pant U 30 x TAU 5 showed high heterosis over better parent for pods per plant and seed yield per plant. In general, hybrids showing high heterosis also showed high inbreeding depression for most of the characters suggesting the importance of non-additive gene action.
Modeling Core Excitations and Preserving Spin Symmetry in Molecular Systems

Modeling core excitations and preserving spin symmetry in molecular systems Patrick J. Lestrange Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Xiaosong Li Department of Chemistry This dissertation details work in two general areas: the modeling of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and the spin symmetry in molecular simulations. The first chapter introduces electronic structure theory (EST) techniques used in the later sections and XAS. The following chapter discusses calibration of the energy-specific time-dependent density functional theory approach for modeling core excitations and proposes appropriate functionals and basis sets. The time-resolved X-ray absorption of a nickel porphyrin system is also investigated to understand the relaxation pathway following an initial excitation. The very accurate energy-specific equation of motion coupled cluster approach is introduced next and a solution to the origin dependence problem for quadrupole-allowed transitions is investigated. The final two chapters focuses on the issue of spin symmetry in EST and uses two alternative approaches to preserve this as a symmetry of a molecular wave function. The system can be constrained to a particular spin symmetry in the single-determinant framework and then additional electron correlation can be included through the configuration interaction method. A time-dependent extension of this approach and its application to modeling linear and nonlinear electric properties is presented. Spin symmetry can also be restored to broken symmetry Slater determinants by using a projection operator. An efficient implementation of projected Hartree-Fock is presented in detail.
Investigation of Combined Transpiration and Opposing Jet Cooling of Sintered Metal Porous Struts

ABSTRACT Struts are used to inject fuel into the supersonic mainstream of scramjet combustion chambers. The leading edge of the strut experiences the maximum temperature due to tremendous aerodynamic heating. This study describes a combined transpiration and opposing jet cooling system for sintered metal porous struts with a jet flowing out of a micro-slit along the stagnation point line against the incoming flow with methane as the coolant. The combined cooling method for the struts is then compared to cooling by the standard transpiration method. The influences of different slit widths and coolant injection conditions on the strut cooling are numerically investigated. The results show that the combined cooling method significantly reduces the maximum strut temperature. The maximum strut temperature decreases but the coolant consumption increases with increasing micro-slit width. Increasing the micro-slit width more effectively balances the increased cooling effectiveness with the increased coolant flow than just increasing the coolant injection pressure. Coolant injection with non-uniform pressures with higher pressure in the front cavity and lower pressure in the back cavity more effectively enhances the cooling effectiveness and reduces the thermal gradient.
Multi-point boundary value problem for a class of functional-differential equations with parameter

The existence and uniqueness of solutions of the problem m y"(t) q(t)y(t) = / (<>y(t) ly(fco(0),y (0,y ( ' i(0),^, _>. </ ( ' . ) o, i = l n t/(c) = 0, ^2 Pjy(xj) = 0 are studied.
The Magnitude of the Child Maltreatment Problem in Alexandria: Governorate Documentation

Child maltreatment (CM) is not always documented or reported, and as such, estimates of the prevalence of violence against children are inaccurate while true rates remain unknown. Researchers have established that physicians have unsatisfactory knowledge, attitudes, and report of CM. The purpose of the present research is to assess the magnitude of CM within the Alexandria Governorate and to formulate a simple graphical guideline for physicians to follow in CM cases. A list was adopted from World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines to record known and suspected CM cases to assess the magnitude of the problem within the governorate and how CM cases are being managed; the checklist was then modified according to the available data. Three hundred ninety-six children had been exposed to different forms of CM in 2019 according to official documentation, mostly boys. In most cases, danger had been confirmed, and a single person was the most common perpetrator. Investigations were conducted in most of the cases, and most of the child victims received psychological support. In terms of prognosis, the child’s circumstances improved in most cases. Our research revealed that child neglect was the most common form of CM reported in Alexandria, with more boys being exposed than girls. A familiar person was the alleged perpetrator in most of the studied cases, mainly a parent. Cases were managed through multidisciplinary approaches, with the coordination of many agencies and continuous follow-up for most victims.
Correlating the CDF $W$-mass shift with the muon $g-2$ and the $b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$ transitions

Motivated by the latest CDF $W$-mass measurement as well as the muon $g-2$ anomaly and the discrepancies observed in $b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$ transitions, we propose an extension of the Standard Model (SM) with the $SU(2)_L$-singlet vector-like fermion partners that are featured by additional $U(1)^\prime$ gauge symmetry. The fermion partners have the same SM quantum numbers as of the right-handed SM fermions, and can therefore mix with the latter after the electroweak and the $U(1)^\prime$ symmetry breaking. As a result, desirable loop-level corrections to the $(g-2)_\mu$, the $W$-boson mass $m_W$ and the Wilson coefficient $C_9$ in $b \to s \mu^+ \mu^-$ transitions can be obtained. The final allowed parameter space is also consistent with the constraints from the $Z \to \mu^+ \mu^-$ decay, the neutrino trident production and the LHC direct searches for the vector-like quarks and leptons.
Critical steady states of all-to-all squeezed and driven superradiance: An analytic approach

We analyse the properties across steady state phase transitions of two all-to-all driven-dissipative spin models that describe possible dynamics of N two-level systems inside an optical cavity. We show that the finite size behaviour around the critical points can be captured correctly by carefully identifying the relevant non-linearities in the Holstein-Primakoff representation of spin operators in terms of bosonic variables. With these tools, we calculate analytically various observables across the phase transitions and obtain their finite size scalings, including numerical prefactors. In particular, we look at the amount of spin squeezing carried by the steady states, of relevance for quantum metrology applications, and describe in analytical detail the mechanism by which the optimal spin squeezing acquires logarithmic corrections that depend on the system size. We also demonstrate that the logarithmic nature of these corrections is difficult to characterize through numerical procedures for any experimentally realistic and/or simulable values of particle number. We complement all of our analytical arguments with numerical benchmarks.
Gauge fixing in cosmological perturbations of Unimodular Gravity

With focus on the cosmological evolution of linear perturbations of matter and geometry, we calculate the equivalent expressions to that of the Newtonian and Synchronous gauges within the framework of Unimodular Gravity, being these two gauges commonly used and implemented in Boltzmann codes. An important aspect of our analysis is the inclusion of the energy-momentum current violation, as well as its perturbations. Moreover, for the first time we demonstrate that it is possible to fix both gauges consistently, although as it has been already noticed in previous literature, neither of them is recovered in the sense of the dynamics given in General Relativity for matter and metric fluctuations. Specifically, we show that since the unimodular constraint at the level of linear perturbations lead to only one degree of freedom of scalar modes of metric fluctuations, the dynamics in Unimodular Gravity forces to keep the anisotropic stress in the Newtonian gauge, whereas the cold dark matter comoving frame can not be set in the Synchronous gauge. The physical implications on the density contrast of cold dark matter is reviewed, and the Sachs-Wolfe effect is obtained and compared with previous results in the literature of cosmological perturbations in Unimodular Gravity.
Weakly Compact Generating and Shrinking Markusevic Bases

It is shown that most of the well known classes of nonseparable Banach spaces related to the weakly compact generating can be characterized by elementary properties of the closure of the coefficient space of Markuševič bases for such spaces. In some cases, such property is then shared by all Markuševič bases in the space. Let X be a Banach space and let 〈 ·, ·〉 denote the canonical duality pairing between X and its dual space X∗. A system {xγ ;x ∗ γ}γ∈Γ, where xγ ∈ X, x ∗ γ ∈ 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 46B30, 46B03.
Peeking into the next decade in Large-Scale Structure Cosmology with its Effective Field Theory

After the successful full-shape analyses of BOSS data using the Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure, we investigate what upcoming galaxy surveys might achieve. We introduce a ``perturbativity prior"that ensures that loop terms are as large as theoretically expected, which is effective in the case of a large number of EFT parameters. After validating our technique by comparison with already-performed analyses of BOSS data, we provide Fisher forecasts using the one-loop prediction for power spectrum and bispectrum for two benchmark surveys: DESI and MegaMapper. We find overall great improvements on the cosmological parameters. In particular, we find that MegaMapper (DESI) should obtain at least a 12$\sigma$ ($2\sigma$) evidence for non-vanishing neutrino masses, bound the curvature $\Omega_k$ to 0.0012 (0.012), and primordial inflationary non-Gaussianities as follows: $f_{\text{NL}}^{\text{loc. }}$ to $\pm 0.26$ (3.3), $f_{\text{NL}}^{\text{eq.}}$ to $\pm16$ (92), $f_{\text{NL}}^{\text{orth. }}$ to $\pm 4.2$ (27). Such measurements would provide much insight on the theory of Inflation. We investigate the limiting factor of shot noise and ignorance of the EFT parameters.