Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Structure Associated with the Ecological Traits of Four Species of Phyllostomid Bats Inhabiting Selva El Ocote Biosphere Reserve, Chiapas, México

Phyllostomid bats display a variety of social structures and mating systems; the influence of these features on the distribution of genetic diversity within and between bat populations is currently unknown. Based on the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region, we investigated the relationship between genetic structure and social characteristics in four species of phyllostomid bats (Sturnira hondurensis, Artibeus jamaicensis, Carollia sowelli, and Dermanura tolteca) inhabiting Selva El Ocote Biosphere Reserve (REBISO). According to their ecological characteristics, we expected a relatively high genetic diversity and stable populations, as well as a weak genetic structure in S. hondurensis and C. sowelli, and a moderate one in A. jamaicensis and D. tolteca. The demographic history and mismatch distribution were inferred. Besides, we estimated the time elapsed from demographic change (in number of generations). Finally, we calculated standard genetic diversity indicators and determined the genetic structure, haplotype networks, and conducted spatial autocorrelation analyses. Genetic diversity was higher in S. hondurensis, intermediate in C. sowelli, and low in A. jamaicensis and D. tolteca. The neutrality tests indicated population expansion in A. jamaicensis, C. sowelli, and D. tolteca; S. hondurensis showed differentiation between populations with no apparent demographic changes. The extent of genetic differentiation was high in S. hondurensis, intermediate in C. sowelli, weak in A. jamaicensis, and nil in D. tolteca. The spatial autocorrelation revealed genetic structure at certain geographic distances in A. jamaicensis, C. sowelli, and S. hondurensis, while D. tolteca displayed a low structure at the greatest geographic distances. No clear relationship was evident between ecological attributes and genetic structure in the bat species studied, probably due to the slight differences in the ecological characteristics of these species. Further studies should include ecological factors such as resource availability and habitat selection, as well as nuclear markers, to obtain a biparental genetic estimation. This study highlights the need of conduct further research about the relationship of ecological and genetic traits of tropical bats in high-biodiversity reserves.
Purification of Robust L-Asparaginase from Capsicum annum and its Therapeutic Efficacy in Leukemia

Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: November 26, 2018 January 25, 2019 March 09, 2019 April 06, 2019 Medicinal plants used for the treatment of chronic diseases, have attracted the interest of scientists. L-Asparaginase is an extracellular enzyme with biomedical significance. The present article discusses the extraction, purification and characterization of L-asparaginase. Enzyme activity was estimated from Chillies (plant of Solanaceae family). Enzyme titer of 112 U/mL was attained from crude extract of Chillies (Capsicum annum) fruit while purified enzyme after gel filtration provided 61.99% yield, activity of 69.43 U/mL and specific activity of 234 U/mg. LAsparaginase stability was envisaged at optimal pH of 8.6 in the presence of alkaline buffer. Optimal substrate concentration for L-Asparaginase activity was 200 mMoL. The efficacy of purified enzyme was tracked in vivo model. Normal healthy rats were used as control, which were compared with leukemic rats after treatment with enzyme L-Asparaginase. Eventually after treatment with enzyme extract provided best recovery in leukemic model due to high titer of L-Asparaginase, which bears high antineoplastic activity. It may be employed for chemotherapy in tumors such as acute lymphocytic leukemia. ©2019 PVJ. All rights reserved
Current Clinical Issues: Deposition of Gadolinium Chelates

Clinically available gadolinium chelate-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are divided into two groups by chelate types: linear GBCAs and macrocyclic GBCAs. The characteristic features of GBCAs are introduced in this chapter. Currently, there are two clinical issues related to the administration of GBCAs: nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) and brain deposition of gadolinium. NSF occurs in patients with chronic renal failure who had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations with GBCA injections. Frequent administrations would induce NSF, and GBCA stability would be discussed in this chapter. Linear GBCAs are more likely to be deposited in brain tissues than macrocyclic GBCAs. We present the trend of GBCA deposition or retention with our published research studies with our previous researches. We have investigated the effect of GBCAs deposited in the brain for infants.
Nurses Practice Environment and Quality of Patient Care in Port Said Hospitals

Background: Nurse practice environment has been identified as an important factor in improving the quality and safety of hospital care. However, there are few studies that assess the characteristics of the hospital work environment and its impact on patient outcomes. The aim of the study: To evaluate the characteristics of the nurse’s practice environment regarding the quality of patient care as perceived by staff nurses. Subject and methods: Research design, quantitative design, non-experimental descriptive was utilized. Setting: This research was carried out in four governmental hospitals in Port Said city. Subjects included (300) of staff nurses who are working at previous hospitals to participate in research study dealing with characteristics of nurse’s practice environment regarding the quality of patient care. The tool of data collection: the one tool was used to collect data which aimed to measures eight characteristics of the work environment and quality of patient care. Results: It revealed that the highest level of agreement score (75.7%) for characteristics of the nursing practice environment scale on the unit level was for supportive nurse manager relationships, followed by working with other nurses who are clinically competent while 17.5% of studied nurses reported agreement regarding support for education in nursing work environment. Conclusion: There were the means differences between characteristics of practice environment tool and demographic variables as well as quality patient care at units’ levels from nurse’s perceptions. Overall response mean scores for the nurse was a very high quality of patient care as perceived by staff nurses. Recommendation: Implement continuous training for nurse’s managers about enhancing effective communication by creating an environment which permits to express ideas empower and encourage staff nurses to participate in decision-making and problem-solving process.
Appropriateness of Sample Sizes in Published Research on Prosthetic Knee Componentry

Introduction A research study's sound approach to statistical analysis holds the key to its validity and, thereby, its credibility in the medical community. Previous research shows that the credibility of prosthetics research is often rated at comparably low levels, partly because of its reported small sample sizes. We analyzed how authors of studies on prosthetic knee componentry have reported limitations regarding sample size and sample composition. To that end, we calculated the observed statistical powers in the recent literature to investigate whether sample sizes were sufficient. We further investigated how representative sample demographics and limitations were of the overall target population. Methods Observed power was used as the main identifier of a study's appropriate (i.e., large enough) sample size. Powers of at least 0.80 were considered to indicate a sufficient sample size for the studies in this review. Reported study limitations were qualitatively analyzed and compared with observed powers. Results A comprehensive search of PubMed resulted in 32 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Studies on average had around 20 participants and rarely more than 50 participants. Of the 32 articles, 19 either reported statistical power or contained enough information to calculate it. Only three of these articles achieved a power of at least 0.80. Regardless of specific sample size or power, most studies reported some sort of limitation in relation to the size or homogeneous nature of their sample. Discussion Our findings suggest that most research studies in the field of prosthetics are underpowered. Given the noted difficulty of increasing sample sizes, it seems important to choose comparison variables that promise a large effect size and/or to deliberately reduce the heterogeneity (i.e., the standard deviation) of the subject sample to address this problem.
A REVIEW OF SCORPIONS REPORTED IN IRAN

Background and purpose: Scorpions have always received attention in Iran because of their frequency and venom. In the past 50 years many aspects of scorpion biology have been studied in Iran, including venom. Identifying the species of these predators are of great interest to researchers. This study presents the latest checklist of species of scorpions in Iran. Materials and methods: Electronic databases including Web of Science, Ovid, PubMed, Systematic Review, SID, Iran Medex, Scirus, Google Scholar, and Medline were searched using scorpion, species, family, systematic, and Iran as keywords. Articles published with emphasis on Iran and fauna of scorpion in 1985 to 2016 were investigated. A total of 150 studies was found from which 75 were selected that were mainly about different species of scorpion in Iran. Results: So far, 64 species of scorpions are reported in Iran belonging to Buthidae family (86%), Hemiscorpiidae family (9.5%), and Scorpionidae family (4.5%). These species were found most in tropical regions of Iran. Conclusion: Scorpion species have considerably increased in last three decades, therefore, researchers are expected to provide latest checklist of species of scorpions regularly in Iran.
Combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods to understand the charge density distribution of estrogens in the active site of estrogen receptors

The ligand binding to protein and host–guest interactions are ubiquitous for molecular recognition. In drug design, the ligand binding to the active site of proteins is influenced by the charge density distribution and the electrostatic interactions of ligands and the nearby amino acids of the protein. The charge density analyses of ligand–protein complexes need accurate positions of hydrogen atoms and their valence electron distribution and the fine structure of proteins. Such information cannot be obtained from the conventional protein X-ray crystallography analysis in the resolution range of 1.5 to 3.5 Å. This can be realized from QM/MM based structure and charge density analysis of estrogens with the estrogen receptor. The charge density properties such as electron density, Laplacian of electron density and electrostatic properties of estrogens in the presence of active site amino acid residues have been determined and compared with the isolated estrogen molecules from theory and experimental. The present study reveals the chemical bonding nature of estrogen molecules and the strength of the intermolecular interactions in the active site of estrogen receptor, and also the importance of π⋯π interactions between the estrogens and Phe404 amino acid residue and protonation state of His524 amino acid residue have been identified using electrostatic potential maps. The difference in the electrostatic potential map of estrogens displays the hormone dependent actions of estrogen receptor. This method is very helpful to derive the charge density distribution of macromolecules to understand their biological recognition and interactions.
Effect of selected microenvironmental factors on colony growth and cross infectional ability of fungal pathogens causing root rot disease of jak (Artocarpus heterophillus)

Root diseases have become an emerging biotic threat to Jak (A. heterophillus), grown in Sri Lanka. Isolation of the causal agents, identification and determination of the effect of selected microenvironmental factors and the crossinfection ability of the causal agents on other perennial crops towards development of effective management measures were the objectives of the present study. Two Rigidoporous microspores isolates and a Fusarium oxysporum and a F. solani isolate were identified as causal agents of root rot disease of Jak. Colony growth of the two R. microsporus isolates and the Fusarium isolates responded differently to pH, temperature and light intensity. Differences of colony growth responses were identified even between the two isolates of R. microporus. Among the perennial tree species used, Atocarpus nobilis was highly susceptible to all four fungal isolates and the lowest infection ability was shown on Persea americana. Artocarpus altilis (Rata Del), Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber), Cinnammomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon), Durio zibethinus (Durian), Psidium guajava (Guvava) and Nephellium lapaceum (Rambutan) were equally-susceptible to the infection by the four fungal isolates, used. Findings of the study are informative when developing an integrated management programme against root diseases of Jak.
Evaluation of erythropoietin level in vitreous and serum with detection of erythropoietin gene polymorphism in Egyptian patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Purpose: To measure erythropoietin (EPO) level in vitreous and serum of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and to detect EPO single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping expression in them. Materials and Methods: Concentrations of EPO in vitreous and serum of twenty diabetic patients with PDR undergoing vitrectomy (PDR group) were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay and compared with those in nondiabetic (ND) patients undergoing vitrectomy for recent retinal detachment (ND group). Genotyping of EPO gene SNP (rs551238) was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Results: There were a significant increase in serum EPO level in PDR group than in ND group and a highly significant increase in vitreous EPO level in PDR group than in ND group. Within the PDR group, vitreous EPO level was significantly higher than its serum level; there was up to 6-fold increase in the EPO vitreous level than its serum level. EPO gene SNP rs551238 was significantly associated with PDR in Egyptian patients. Conclusion: The results of the current study suggest the involvement of EPO in the pathogenesis of PDR. Hence, augmenting vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition with the use of EPO inhibitors may provide a better outcome in PDR treatment. The detection of EPO gene SNP rs551238 in Egyptian patients with PDR may help in the identification of the genetic predisposition to diabetic retinopathy in Egyptians and so may help in prevention and early detection of susceptible candidates to PDR.
A second‐generation voltage conveyor (VCII)–based simulated grounded inductor

In this paper, an implementation of a simulated grounded inductor (SGI) based on a recently developed active building block called second‐generation voltage conveyor (VCII) is proposed. The proposed SGI employs two VCIIs, two resistors, and one grounded capacitor, which is preferred when integration is involved. More importantly, unlike most of the other previously reported SGIs, this one is free from any restrictive matching conditions. A complete analysis of nonidealities along with sensitivity treatment by considering parasitic impedances and nonideal gains of the VCII are performed. A simple VCII circuit is designed to be used in the implementation of the proposed SGI. To support the presented theory, Pspice simulation results using 0.18‐μm CMOS technology parameters and supply voltage of ±0.9 V are provided. On the basis of the achieved results, the proposed SGI operates in a good agreement with an ideal inductor. The power consumption is only 0.65 mW, and the parasitic series impedance is approximately 191.9 Ω. The applicability of the proposed SGI is tested by using it in a standard second‐order high‐pass RLC filter.
Learning to detect visual relations

In this thesis, we study the problem of detection of visual relations of the form (subject, predicate, object) in images, which are intermediate level semantic units between objects and complex scenes. Our work addresses two main challenges in visual relation detection: (1) the difficulty of obtaining box-level annotations to train fully-supervised models, (2) the variability of appearance of visual relations. We first propose a weakly-supervised approach which, given pre-trained object detectors, enables us to learn relation detectors using image-level labels only, maintaining a performance close to fully-supervised models. Second, we propose a model that combines different granularities of embeddings (for subject, object, predicate and triplet) to better model appearance variation and introduce an analogical reasoning module to generalize to unseen triplets. Experimental results demonstrate the improvement of our hybrid model over a purely compositional model and validate the benefits of our transfer by analogy to retrieve unseen triplets.
Effect of Intercropping of groundnut and cowpea with mustard (Brassica juncea L.) on yield levels and economics of system under red lateritic soils of western costal region

A field experiment on “Intercropping of groundnut and cowpea with mustard ( Brassica juncea L.)” was conducted during rabi, 2018-19 at Agronomy Farm, College of Agriculture, Dapoli (M.S.) with objectives to quantify the effect of intercropping on main as well as intercrops in terms of their growth, yield, quality, N,P,K uptake and economics of intercropping systems. Conclusionary finding are abstracted below. The intercrops like groundnut and cowpea being leguminous crops, improved the growth performance of mustard. However, growth performance of both the intercrops was better under their sole stands. The yield attributes and yield of mustard was improved due to intercropping system. In general, within the intercropping systems, when mustard was grown with groundnut, yield performance of mustard was better, followed by mustard + cowpea. Maximum values of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content in grain and straw of mustard and quality parameters were recorded in case of mustard + groundnut in 3:1 proportion. However, total uptake of these nutrients was higher at sole cropping. For the production of higher total biomass, mustard equivalent yield (MEY) and to earn more net profit, mustard + groundnut intercropping system should followed in 1:1 row proportion.
Roadway Context Classification Approach for Developing Regional Safety Performance Functions for Florida Intersections

Understanding how the type and location of intersections affect crashes is important to reduce these crashes effectively. This paper discusses the development of regional safety performance functions (SPFs) based on a new context classification system developed by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT). This classification system (which has not previously been used) categorizes intersections into eight different categories based on land use and other parameters, allowing SPFs to be developed for up to 32 different types of intersections. The Model Inventory of Roadway Elements (MIRE) 2.0 was used as the standard inventory for the data elements collected. Using MIRE 2.0 allows for the procedures conducted in this study to be easily implemented in other states. SPFs were developed for two intersection groups. First, a linear regression model was built to predict missing minor traffic volumes. This statistically significant model (p-value < 0.05) had an adjusted R-square of 0.7648. Data were collected for over 25 potential predictor variables (including a regional variable for FDOT districts) and used to fit a negative binomial model to each studied intersection group. Some variables (such as major traffic volume) were significant for both groups, but each SPF had unique variables (such as speed limit and road width). Different regions were significant for each group, showing how crashes vary for different intersection types in different regions. By allowing for the development of SPF models for many intersection classifications, FDOT’s context classification system can be used by other agencies to identify crash-influencing factors better for different conditions.
Large-wavelength late Miocene thrusting in the North Alpine foreland: Implications for late orogenic processes

In this paper, we present new exhumation ages for the imbricated proximal molasse, i.e. Subalpine Molasse, of the northern Central Alps. Based on apatite (U−Th−Sm)/He thermochronometry, we constrain thrustdriven exhumation in the Subalpine Molasse between 12 and 4 Ma. This occurs synchronously to the main deformation in the adjacent Jura fold-and-thrust belt farther north and to the late stage of thrust-related exhumation of the basement massifs (i.e. external crystalline massifs) in the hinterland. Our results agree with other findings along the north Alpine foreland. While site-specific variations in the mechanical stratigraphy of the molasse deposits influence the pattern of thrusting at the local scale, we observe that late-Miocene thrusting is a long-wavelength feature occurring along the north Alpine foreland roughly between Lake Geneva and Salzburg. The extent of this thrusting signal as well as the timing suggests that late-Miocene thrusting in the north Alpine foreland coincides with the geometries and dynamics of the attached Central Alpine slab at depth. Interestingly, this implies that the slab geometry at depth does not coincide with the boundary between the Eastern and Central Alps as observed in the surface geology. Using this observation, we propose that thrusting in the Subalpine Molasse and consequently also the late stage of thrust-related exhumation of the external crystalline massifs, as well as the main deformation in the Jura fold-and-thrust belt are at least partly linked to changes in slab dynamics.
Young boys and Girls learning English as a Foreign Language : Teacher-Student Interactions in and English immersion kindergarten in Japan : Part 1

The materials reported in this article are part of an MA dissertation in TESL/TEFL submitted to the University of Birmingham by the writer. This small case study attempts to examine the role of a Female teacher and the amount and type of attention she pays to her mixed-sex classroom of young Japanese learners in an immersion English kindergarten classroom. Methodologically, Sinclair and Coulthard’s classroom discourse analysis framework, and Farooq’s categories for analyzing gender-based classroom interaction were adopted and modifi ed in order to analyze transcribed classroom data of the teacherstudent interactions which were then coded into the designated categories. As the space in this article does not allow the entire dissertation of 265 pages, including transcripts and appendixes, the present report is focused on providing and interpreting the fi ndings of the study as well as discussing its outcomes and possible implications.