Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Eye Tracking Can Show Us About How People Are Influenced by Deceptive Tactics in Line Graphs

Background: Graphs, especially those that are generated automatically, are often subject to mistakes in their processing, framing, and construction, sending unintended messages that neither the viewer nor the author may realize. This article analyzes the eye-tracking data of 57 participants to extend the results of a previous study that investigated how people are deceived by common mistakes and deceptive tactics in data visualizations and titles. Literature review: Previous research has suggested that viewers are susceptible to deception by misleading titles or graph presentations, and that such information can influence how they interpret graphs. Previous eye-tracking research has only measured viewing patterns of nondeceptive graphs. Research questions: 1. How much attention do participants give to various areas of a graph when not given any instruction on what to look for, nor what they might be asked about? 2. Are there differences in how participants view and interpret deceptive versus control graphs about noncontroversial topics? 3. Are there differences in how participants view and interpret graphs about noncontroversial topics paired with control or exaggerated titles? Methodology: This study analyzed view time, fixations, revisits, and time to first fixation for the graph area, title, y-axis, and x-axis of four line graphs. Qualitative responses were also coded and analyzed. Results: Among other significant findings, this study found that participants spent significantly less time looking at both line graph axes for graphs with a rhetorically exaggerated title than those with a control title. Participants also fixated on and revisited deceptive graphs more so than control graphs, and fixated and revisited the title and x-axis of control graphs significantly more than deceptive graphs. Qualitative results contribute further patterns. Discussion: Findings suggest that graphs with exaggerated titles make viewers less attentive to the axes, but deceptive graphs cause viewers to examine the lines of the graphs themselves in greater detail. Conclusion: Subtle changes in the makeup of graphics can significantly change how viewers examine such visualizations. It is critical to better understand how these changes influence viewing and how they might be leveraged to ultimately impact understanding.
The Linear Stability of Liquid Film with Oscillatory Gas Velocity

The present study theoretically investigated the linear instability of a liquid film sheared by gas flow under acoustic oscillations. In this work, the velocity oscillations of the gas are used to approximately characterize the acoustic oscillations, and the ratio of the conduction heat flux to the evaporation heat flux is used to characterize the heat and mass transfer. Considering the much stronger impact of the heat convection than the heat conduction in practical cases, a correction factor is introduced to satisfy the heat flux ratio within a reasonable range. Because of the oscillatory velocity of gas, several unstable regions, involving the KHI region and the parametric instability (PI) region, appear. The impact of the velocity oscillations on the KHI is related to the forcing frequency. Increasing the oscillatory velocity amplitude promotes the KHI when the forcing frequency is large, while the KHI is restrained with the increase in the oscillatory velocity amplitude when the forcing frequency is small. Since the viscous dissipation is enhanced when the forcing oscillations frequency increases, the PI is suppressed. In addition, when the surface tension decreases, the interfacial instability is also promoted. Increasing the gas–liquid density ratio can destabilize the surface. However, the impact of the heat and mass transfer on the interfacial instability is neglectable as the gas–liquid density ratio is large. Furthermore, the heat and mass transfer have a promoting impact on the PI and KHI, while their destabilizing effect on the indentation between unstable regions is greater. It is significant to note that the location of the maximum growth rate would be in the most unstable region.
Engineering a Pro-Osteogenic Secretome through the Transient Silencing of the Gene Encoding Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 1

The evidence sustaining the regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells’ (MSCs) secretome has prompted a paradigm change, where MSCs have shifted from being considered direct contributors to tissue regeneration toward being seen as cell factories for producing biotech medicines. We have previously designed a method to prime MSCs towards osteogenic differentiation by silencing the Wnt/β-Catenin inhibitor Sfpr1. This approach produces a significant increase in bone formation in osteoporotic mice. In this current work, we set to investigate the contribution of the secretome from the MSCs where Sfrp1 has been silenced, to the positive effect seen on bone regeneration in vivo. The conditioned media (CM) of the murine MSCs line C3H10T1/2, where Sfrp1 has been transiently silenced (CM-Sfrp1), was found to induce, in vitro, an increase in the osteogenic differentiation of this same cell line, as well as a decrease of the expression of the Wnt inhibitor Dkk1 in murine osteocytes ex vivo. A reduction in the RANKL/OPG ratio was also detected ex vivo, suggesting a negative effect of CM-Sfrp1 on osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, this CM significantly increases the mineralization of human primary MSCs isolated from osteoportotic patients in vitro. Proteomic analysis identified enrichment of proteins involved in osteogenesis within the soluble and vesicular fractions of this secretome. Altogether, we demonstrate the pro-osteogenic potential of the secretome of MSCs primmed in this fashion, suggesting that this is a valid approach to enhance the osteo-regenerative properties of MSCs’ secretome.
Les Ostracodes du Crétacé moyen (Barremien à Turonien), le long d'une transversale Agadir-Nador (Maroc)

La serie mesocretacee etudiee se situe dans la partie septentrionale du maroc, le long d'une transversale joignant le bassin atlantique d'agadir au bassin mediterraneen de nador. L'analyse biostratigraphique repose sur l'examen lithologique et paleontologique de coupes types, complete par l'etude des variations de facies et des environnements, sur des coupes annexes, permettant la description de 17 formations bien datees, dont 3 sont nouvellement definies. Ces formations sont decoupees en 8 unites de depot correlees avec l'echelle des cycles eustatiques globaux. Les cycles zb. 4-1 et 4-2 sont reconnus a l'aptien; zb. 2-1 au vraconien; zc. 2-2, 2-3 et 2-4 au cenomanien, et zc. 2-5 au passage cenomanien-turonien. Les trois principaux stades d'evolution geodynamique (aptien, vraconien et passage cenomanien-turonien) sont schematises. Les associations d'ostracodes sont examinees au sein de chaque unite de depot. Les relations entre la morphologie des carapaces, le mode de vie et de deplacement des organismes et les facteurs du milieu sont presentees. Les corteges sedimentaires d'intervalles transgressif et de prisme de haut niveau marin sont distingues en fonction des apparitions, des disparitions, de l'abondance et de la diversite specifique des ostracodes. Deux types de polymorphisme, d'origine cladogenetique et anagenetique, sont mis en evidence chez deux especes cenomaniennes. Trois cartes paleogeographiques regionales servent de support a la mise en place de territoires paleobiogeographiques: deux territoires a l'aptien et un seul a l'albien, tous trois sous influences atlantiques, et trois territoires au cenomanien avec predominance des influences tethysiennes. Les echanges fauniques s'effectuent essentiellement entre le maroc, l'europe du sud-ouest, la marge sud-tethysienne et les bassins ouverts sur la marge atlantique. 61 genres d'ostracodes ont ete recueillis, qui incluent 197 especes. Parmi celles-ci, 28% sont deja connues, 12% sont nouvellement decrites (23 especes) et 60% sont laissees en nomenclature ouverte. La situation du maroc, a la pointe occidentale de l'afrique et au carrefour des influences tethysiennes et atlantiques, serait a l'origine de cet important endemisme
Reminiscences of Kothas: Exploring Spatial Intimacies in Ruth Vanita’s Memory of Light

This paper aims to study the representation of same-sex desire in Ruth Vanita’s Memory of Light (2020) and analyze how the socio-spatial dynamics of the kotha helps to reconstruct female-to-female intimacy and convey a different idea of community and a sense of belonging in history. The novel, which traces the relationship between two courtesans, is also a recreation of the pre-modern Lucknow and its vibrant kothas with distinct architectural features. Beyond its overt function of entertaining the male patrons, the kothas as all-female establishments also served as a space of security and intimacy for women. The paper outlines the politics of situating same-sex desire in the historical backdrop of pre-colonial era. It uses concepts from Feminist Theory, Cultural Geography and Memory Studies, to examine the importance of kothas as a material and an ideological space, in facilitating discourses on gender variance, intimacy, and friendship that entered the cultural production of the time. In particular, the analysis intends to emphasize the frequent entanglement between the spatial features and women’s intimate practices as a distinct way of articulating same-sex desire that dissolves the binary understanding of hetero/homosexuality. Therefore, by insisting on the remembrance of kothas, the paper delineates how the ‘memory of places’ carves out two functions in the context of lesbian politics. On the one hand, it generates a ‘symbolic continuum’ to the history of women loving women to reframe postcolonial categorical understanding of ‘lesbian’ in contemporary times, and on the other, by infusing strategic use of metafictional elements, it emerges as a subversive mode of narrating stories of same-sex love while negotiating with the historical erasure of spaces of female-to female desire.
Unsupervised Deep Unfolded Representation Learning for Singing Voice Separation

Learning effective vocal representations from a waveform mixture is a crucial but challenging task for deep neural network (DNN)-based singing voice separation (SVS). Successful representation learning (RL) depends heavily on well-designed neural architectures and effective general priors. However, DNNs for RL in SVS are mostly built on generic architectures without general priors being systematically considered. To address these issues, we introduce deep unfolding to RL and propose two RL-based models for SVS, deep unfolded representation learning (DURL) and optimal transport DURL (OT-DURL). In both models, we formulate RL as a sequence of optimization problems for signal reconstruction, where three general priors, synthesis, non-negative, and our novel analysis, are incorporated. In DURL and OT-DURL, we take different approaches in penalizing the analysis prior. DURL uses the Euclidean distance as its penalty, while OT-DURL uses a more sophisticated penalty known as the OT distance. We address the optimization problems in DURL and OT-DURL with the first-order operator splitting algorithm and unfold the obtained iterative algorithms to novel encoders, by mapping the synthesis/analysis/non-negative priors to different interpretable sublayers of the encoders. We evaluated these DURL and OT-DURL encoders in the unsupervised informed SVS and supervised Open-Unmix frameworks. Experimental results indicate that (1) the OT-DURL encoder is better than the DURL encoder and (2) both encoders can considerably improve the vocal-signal-separation performance compared with those of the baseline model.
Impact of a Treatment Guide on Intravenous Fluids in Minimising the Risk of Hospital-Acquired Hyponatraemia in Denmark

Hypotonic intravenous (IV) fluids are associated with an increased risk of hospital-acquired hyponatraemia, eventually leading to brain injury and death. We evaluated the effectiveness of a treatment guide to improve prescribing practices of IV fluids. We conducted a before-and-after cross-sectional survey among physicians working at Danish emergency departments. The primary outcome was prescribing practices of IV fluids. Participants were asked which IV fluid they would select in four clinical scenarios. We applied multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratio of selecting hypotonic fluids. Secondary outcomes included knowledge about IV fluids and hyponatraemia, and the receipt, reading, and usefulness of the treatment guide. After the intervention, about a third (47/154) reported that they would use hypotonic fluids in patients with increased intracranial pressure, and a quarter (39/154) would use hypotonic maintenance fluids in children, both of which are against guideline recommendations. A total of 46% selected the correct fluid, a 3% hypertonic saline solution for a patient with hyponatraemia and severe neurological symptoms. None of the knowledge questions met the predefined criteria of success of 80% correct answers. Of the respondents, 22% had received the treatment guide. Since the implementation failed, we recommend improving distribution by applying methods from implementation science.
Nutrients and soil structure influence furovirus infection of wheat

Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) and Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV), genus Furovirus, family Virgaviridae, cause significant crop losses in cereals. The viruses are transmitted by the soil-borne plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis. Inside P. graminis resting spores, the viruses persist in the soil for long time, which makes the disease difficult to combat. To open up novel possibilities for virus control, we explored the influence of physical and chemical soil properties on infection of wheat with SBWMV and SBCMV. Moreover, we investigated, whether infection rates are influenced by the nutritional state of the plants. Infection rates of susceptible wheat lines were correlated to soil structure parameters and nutrient contents in soil and plants. Our results show that SBWMV and SBCMV infection rates decrease the more water-impermeable the soil is and that virus transmission depends on pH. Moreover, we found that contents of several nutrients in the soil (e.g. phosphorous, magnesium, zinc) and in planta (e.g. nitrogen, carbon, boron, sulfur, calcium) affect SBWMV and SBCMV infection rates. The knowledge generated may help paving the way towards development of a microenvironment-adapted agriculture.
The Onset of the Monsoon over the Bay of Bengal: The Observed Common Features for 2008–2011

Abstract In situ buoy observation data spanning four years (2008–2011) were collected and used to perform a composite analysis of the monsoon onset process in the Bay of Bengal (BoB). The sea surface temperature (SST) in the central BoB increases dramatically during the monsoon transition period and reaches its annual maximum just before the onset of the monsoon. This process is illustrated by the northward-propagating deep convection phase of the intraseasonal oscillation and the establishment of a steady southwest wind. It is argued that the SST peak plays a potential role in triggering the onset of the monsoon in the BoB and its vicinity. The general picture of the BoB monsoon onset summarized here reveals the possibility of regional land-ocean-atmosphere interaction. This possibility deserves further examination.
Physical Exercise Among Traders in the Commerce District of the City of Bouake in a Context of Rising Non-Communicable Diseases

: Background : Physical inactivity is one of the major risks of morbidity and mortality associated with the development of chronic diseases. 6-10% of global mortality associated with non-communicable diseases is related to physical inactivity. Unlike in Western countries, research on the practice of physical activity by populations does not receive enough attention from the scientific community in Africa. To bridge this gap and draw people's attention to the need for physical activity, the present study is carried out. Methods : This cross-sectional analytical study conducted from April 1 to June 30, 2019 among shopkeepers in the commercial district of the city of Bouaké aims to promote physical activity among subjects exposed to NCDs due to their occupational sedentary lifestyle. Merchants were recruited on the basis of exhaustive sampling during the study period. Results : A group of 474 shopkeepers were surveyed by means of a questionnaire. 16.4% of the shopkeepers had been made aware of the need for physical activity by a health professional, and 32.5% were physically active. The positive impact of physical activity was unanimously recognized (91.6%), with benefits for the heart (70.9%), weight (66.9%), brain (31.4%) and lung (28.7%). There was a statistically significant relationship (p<0.05) between physical activity and gender, age, education and marital status. Conclusion : Recognition of the health benefits of physical activity does not automatically lead to its practice by retailers, which raises the issue of the integration necessary for the effective application of certain health-promoting practices.
Antibodies to leukotoxin A from the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients at an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis

Objectives Periodontitis and underlying bacteria have been linked to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). One suggested pathogen is Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.), which expresses leukotoxin A (LtxA) that can citrullinate human proteins, providing a possible trigger for the production of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). In this study, we seek to determine the presence of antibodies toward LtxA in patients at risk of developing RA. Methods Two prospective observational patient cohorts (one Swedish and one British) with symptomatic at-risk patients were studied. Anti-LtxA antibodies were analyzed by a cell-based neutralization assay in baseline serum and compared to 100 Swedish blood donors that served as controls. Results Serum anti-LtxA levels or positivity did not differ between patients and blood donors. In the British cohort, anti-LtxA was more prevalent among ACPA-positive arthralgia patients compared with ACPA-negative arthralgia cases (24% vs. 13%, p < 0.0001). In the Swedish at-risk cohort, anti-LtxA positive patients were at increased risk of progression to arthritis (hazard ratio (HR) 2.10, 95% CI 1.04–4.20), but this was not confirmed in the UK at-risk cohort (HR 0.99, CI 0.60–1.65). Conclusion Serum anti-LtxA is not elevated before RA diagnosis, and associations with disease progression and ACPA levels differ between populations. Other features of the oral microbiome should be explored in upcoming periodontitis-related RA research.
Efectos de las rodadas de tractores en la escorrentía y erosión de suelos en laderas cultivadas con viñedos

Mechanization characterizes the vineyards of La Rioja, one of the most important wine regions in Spain. Farming operations (plowing, soil removal, herbicide and pesticide application, harvesting of grapes and its transportation, 115 No 38 (1) pp. 115-130 ISSN 0211-6820 Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 2012 © Universidad de La Rioja
Determinants of sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Ethiopia: a count regression model approach

Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a major public health problem worldwide, with the burden of these infections being high among female sex workers (FSWs), who are often not aware of their infection status. This study aimed to determine the factors that are associated with the number of STIs among FSWs in Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional bio-behavioral study involving respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was conducted among 6,085 FSWs in 16 towns in Ethiopia. The hurdle Poisson regression model was fitted using STATA Version 16.2. The incident rate ratio and adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were employed to show the strength and direction of the association. A p-value of ≤0.05 was used as a threshold for statistical significance. Results At least one STI was identified in 1,444 (23.64%) of the FSWs. Age group 35–49 years [IRR = 2.32; 95% CI (1.43, 3.74)], forced first sex [IRR = 1.32; 95% CI (1.01, 1.74)], condom breakage [IRR = 1.32; 95% CI (1.01, 1.74)], and a history of depression [IRR = 1.55; 95% CI (1.12, 2.18)] increase the number of STIs. FSWs aged 25–34 years [AOR = 2.99; % CI (2.54, 3.52)] and 35 = 59 years [AOR = 8.05; % CI (6.54, 9.91)], who were selling sex for 5–10 years [AOR = 1.30; 95% CI (1.1, 1.55)], and above 11 years [AOR = 1.21; 95% CI (1.03, 1.43)] were more likely to get STIs. Conclusion STIs are common in Ethiopia. The covariates age, educational status, monthly income, condom failure, age at the first sexual encounter, and long duration of sexual practice are significant predictors of STIs. Health interventions among FSWs need to include awareness generation about the prevention and control of STIs and address the determinants identified in this analysis.
Mixing Properties of Cu-Mg Liquid Alloy Using Exponential Model

The Redlich-Kister (R-K) polynomial has been generally used to model the mixing properties of binary and higher order alloys. The interaction energy parameters of the R-K polynomial are assumed to be either linear or exponentially temperature-dependent. When these parameters are assumed to be linear temperature-dependent, the computed thermodynamic functions sometimes show unusual trends. But when they are assumed to be exponential temperature-dependent, such trends do not appear in the theoretical calculations. Therefore, the mixing properties of Cu-Mg liquid alloy have been studied using the exponential temperature-dependent parameters of the above-mentioned model. These parameters for excess Gibb’s free energy of mixing have been optimised using the experimental values of enthalpy of mixing and excess entropy of mixing. The study of thermodynamic properties involves the measurement of excess Gibb’s free energy of mixing, enthalpy of mixing and activities of monomers at different temperatures. Likewise, the assessment of surface property includes surface tension and surface concentration. Similarly, the structural properties have been studied by computing concentration fluctuation in long wave-length limit and short-range order parameter at different temperatures. The investigation revealed that the exponential model can explain mixing behavior of Cu-Mg liquid alloy and the system is found to have strong compound forming tendency at its melting temperature. This mixing tendency has been observed to decrease with the increase in temperature above its melting temperature.