Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol-Enriched Hybrid Lipid Bilayer Formation on Inverse Phosphocholine Lipid-Functionalized Titanium Oxide Surfaces

Hybrid lipid bilayers (HLBs) are rugged biomimetic cell membrane interfaces that can form on inorganic surfaces and be designed to contain biologically important components like cholesterol. In general, HLBs are formed by depositing phospholipids on top of a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) composed of one-tail amphiphiles, while recent findings have shown that two-tail amphiphiles such as inverse phosphocholine (CP) lipids can have advantageous properties to promote zwitterionic HLB formation. Herein, we explored the feasibility of fabricating cholesterol-enriched HLBs on CP SAM-functionalized TiO2 surfaces with the solvent exchange and vesicle fusion methods. All stages of the HLB fabrication process were tracked by quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D) measurements and revealed important differences in fabrication outcome depending on the chosen method. With the solvent exchange method, it was possible to fabricate HLBs with well-controlled cholesterol fractions up to ~65 mol% in the upper leaflet as confirmed by a methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) extraction assay. In marked contrast, the vesicle fusion method was only effective at forming HLBs from precursor vesicles containing up to ~35 mol% cholesterol, but this performance was still superior to past results on hydrophilic SiO2. We discuss the contributing factors to the different efficiencies of the two methods as well as the general utility of two-tail CP SAMs as favorable interfaces to incorporate cholesterol into HLBs. Accordingly, our findings support that the solvent exchange method is a versatile tool to fabricate cholesterol-enriched HLBs on CP SAM-functionalized TiO2 surfaces.
Flavopunctelia y Punctelia (Ascomycetes liquenizados) de Nueva Galicia, México

Los liquenes Flavopunctelia y Punctelia (Parmeliaceae) se caracterizan por presentar pseudocifelas en la cara superior. El primero tiene la cara superior verde–amarillenta, acido usnico en la corteza y picnidiosporas bifusiformes, y el segundo la tiene gris–blanquecina a color cafe–amarillento, acido lecanorico en la corteza y picnidiosporas filiformes o unciformes. Se estudiaron 219 ejemplares, recolectados en 102 localidades de la region de Nueva Galicia (Aguascalientes, Colima y Jalisco, y parte Durango, Guanajuato, Michoacan, Nayarit y Zacatecas). Se identificaron siete especies: Flavopunctelia flaventior, F praesignis, F. soredica, Punctelia hypoleucites, P. perreticulata, P. rudecta y P. subrudecta; de las cuales, P. perreticulata es nuevo registro para Mexico; tres lo son para Jalisco, tres para Zacatecas, dos para Nayarit y una para Colima. Se presenta una clave dicotomica para las especies de Nueva Galicia
Assessment of Nutritional Status Using Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) Among Under-Five Children from An Urban Slum of Southern India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: NFHS-5 Telangana reports underweight, stunting, and wasting among under 5 children as 31.8%, 33.1%, and 21.7% respectively. Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure is an aggregate indicator that excludes children with anthropometric failure and includes children who are wasted, stunted, or underweight, and their combinations. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of anthropometric failures and to find its determinants among under-five children in an urban slum area of Hyderabad. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted among 310 under 5 children residing in the urban-slum area of Hyderabad. Probability proportionate to size sampling was used. Using questionnaire and standard operating procedures, socio-demographic profile, health details and nutritional assessment was done. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 26. Results: The prevalence of anthropometric failure is noted to be 39.6%. The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting were found to be 20.7%, 26.8% and 12%, respectively. The illiteracy of father [AOR:2.94(CI: 1.31-6.62); p-value=0.009], low birth weight [AOR:2.024(CI: 1.253-3.26); p-value=0.004], not exclusively breastfed [AOR:4.291(CI:1.55-11.904); p-value=0.005] and deficient calorie intake [AOR: 2.079(CI:1.103-3.906); p-value=0.023] were found to be the significant predictors of Anthropometric failure. Conclusion: Under nutrition is an important public health problem with 40% prevalence in urban slum of Telangana. Enhancing the literacy of fathers, reduction in low birth weight, better IYCF practices and providing calorie adequate diet will aid in enhancing children's nutritional status.
Moine-Lewisian relations at Glenelg, Inverness-shire

Summary Metamorphosed psammitic and politic sediments of the Moine Series, together with a complex group of gneisses of Lewisian age, alternate in bands. A study of the relations of the individual members of the Lewisian complex shows that there has been an early phase of migmatization (probably of Scourian age) followed by a period of basic dyke intrusion. Neither of these events is shared by the adjacent Moine rocks. New evidence indicates that the most extensive area of Moine rocks occurs in a major antiformal core and lies structurally beneath the Lewisian gneisses, whilst the alternating Lewisian and Moine bands represent slices of tectonic origin which came into position before the development of this antiform. Two sets of major folds have been recognized, and the effects of their interference are discussed. The axial planes of the first folds originally dipped to the east. A second set of major folds with south-easterly dipping axial planes was superimposed across the early folds, distorting the early folds and their associated minor structures. This distortion is a combination of deformation resulting from a simple refolding of the first-fold limbs together with a plastic deformation.
BETWEEN EXTRACTIVISM AND PEASANT AGRICULTURE: DIFFERENTIATION OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN THE BOLIVIAN AMAZON

ABSTRACT The economy of the northern Bolivian Amazon has historically been based on rubber and other non-timber forest products (NTFPs). In the late 19th century, the upcoming rubber boom lead to the establishment of rubber estates. Following World War I, a first rubber crisis forced some estate owners to abandon their land, favouring the emergence of independent communities. A second rubber crisis after World War II, along with the Agrarian Reform in 1953, accelerated the disintegration of rubber estates and the foundation of independent communities. In the early 1990s, the conclusive halt of Bolivian rubber production fuelled rural-urban migration and the differentiation of rural settlements. This paper examines the evolution from pure rubber estates to a wide array of settlement types. A settlement typology distinguishes four types of estates and six types of independent communities with varying trade-offs between extractivism and peasant agriculture. The findings have important implications for NTFP-based development. First, extraction-based livelihoods are socially acceptable only when access to basic services, like schooling, health care, and transportation is ensured. Second, in the region's remote areas the supply of such services needs to rely on a forest concession system within which the private sector bears the investments needed. Finally, indigenous communities participating in NTFP trade need to demarcate their sphere in between the remote forest concessions and the non-tribal peasantry in the vicinity of town.
Footprint of temperature changes in the temperate and boreal forest carbon balance

In this study, we use net ecosystem productivity (NEP) measurement data across several forest sites and a simple conceptual model to investigate the linkage between temperature and NEP by considering either temperature change in the recent past or current mean annual temperature (MAT) as a forcing. After removing the effect of stand age, forest NEP is only weakly correlated with MAT. However, temperature changes during the period of 1980–2002 do explain a very significant fraction of the current spatial patterns of NEP, although the response of the terrestrial carbon balance to temperature changes varies with season. Changes in spring temperature having the highest correlation with annual NEP. We also show that temperature changes before the 1970s had a limited influence on the current NEP, and that the impact of recent temperature changes within the last decade on NEP are not strong enough to be observable. Overall, our analysis indicates not only that temperature changes in the recent past is one of the important drivers of today's forest carbon balance in the Northern Hemisphere, but also that the ongoing global warming will contribute significantly to the near‐future evolution of the Northern Hemisphere carbon sink. A non‐equilibrium framework must be taken into account when studying the impacts of temperature change on current or future forest net carbon balance.
DISTRIBUTION AND SIZE VARIATION OF OOIDS IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE PERMIAN–TRIASSIC MASS EXTINCTION

Abstract The significant increase of abundance and expansion of depositional environments that produced unusual sediments in the Early Triassic indicates stressed ecosystems in the aftermath of the Permian–Triassic (P–Tr) mass extinction. As one of the characteristically common Early Triassic carbonate sediments, ooids provide a potential proxy to refine understanding of the biotic and environmental stresses during this time through analysis of their formation and size variations. A case study from South China and a global review are presented herein to explore the interrelations between occurrences of oolites and ooid size variations with biotic and environmental changes. Correlations between oolites and various biotic and environmental changes suggest a strong correspondence with episodes of euxinia/dysoxia but less so with skeleton abundance and temperature changes, implying complex interactions between multiple biotic and environmental anomalies in the aftermath of the P–Tr extinction. The episodic occurrence pattern of oolites from the end-Permian through the Early Triassic coincides with the multiple crises of the P–Tr mass extinction and its aftermath. The global increase in size of ooids during the early stage of the P–Tr mass extinction aftermath indicates the most severe and extensive conditions of devastation for ecosystems. The single occurrence of giant ooids in the Nanpanjiang Basin within the Olenekian implies local higher ecosystem stress than other areas. This analysis of ooid size variations and the paleoceanographic implications suggests that the size of ooids could be an appropriate quantified sedimentary proxy for ecosystem devastation with varied temporal and spatial ranges.
Body wave attenuation in the Tonga Subduction Zone

Attenuation P and S waves of in the Tonga subduction zone is estimated from locally recorded data using a spectral ratio method. The data consist of three-component, digital seismograms of 77 earthquakes recorded at two stations in Fiji and one in Tonga. The stations in the Fiji Islands lie above the deep earthquakes in the subduction zone while the Tonga station is close to the top of the subducted slab. Variations in the high-frequency spectral decay rate define four attenuation provinces. Paths from earthquakes deeper than 350 km to stations on Viti Levu (Fiji) and the Lau ridge traverse mantle with normal attenuation (Qp=570, Qs=200–400). The subducting Tonga slab has very low attenuation (Qp>2000, Qs≥1800) relative to the surrounding mantle. The wedge of mantle above the slab at depths shallower than 350 km and east of the Lau ridge is extremely attenuating for P waves (Qp=240). Several paths from main thrust zone events to the station in Tonga show intermediate attenuation (Qp=300–500) in the forearc region. The observed spectra do not require Q to be frequency dependent in the 1.0 Hz to 7.6 Hz band in this region.
Food Science of Animal Resources

The composition of turmeric powder (TP) can affect the quality properties and storage characteristics of pyeonyuk; however, the appropriate addition level of TP in pyeonyuk has not been established. To address this, an experiment was designed with one control and three TP treatments: control (TP 0%), T1: (TP 0.1%), T2: (TP 0.3%), and T3: (TP 0.5%). All the TP treatments markedly increased protein and ash contents compared to the control. The water holding capacity was equally retained with the control and T3 treatments, but was significantly lower with the T1 and T2 treatments in pyeonyuk (p<0.05). Lightness and redness values were both reduced with the addition of TP, whereas the yellowness value increased. Values for 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and the total microbial count for pyeonyuk with added TP showed an improvement over time. As a result, the addition of TP did not have a significant negative influence on the quality characteristics of the pyeonyuk with addition of 0.5% TP being particularly effective for water retention capacity and inhibition of lipid oxidation.
Beyond the Horizon: A Cutting-Edge Review of the Latest Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a revolutionary paradigm in oncology, offering a potent arsenal against various malignancies by harnessing the body's own immunological prowess. In a whirlwind of advancement, an abundance of new ICIs have come to light, rendering it a Herculean task for physicians to remain au courant with the rapidly evolving landscape. This comprehensive review meticulously explores the crescendo of clinical investigations and FDA approvals that have come to light during 2022 and 2023, showcasing the metamorphic impact of ICIs in cancer therapeutics. Delving into the pith of pivotal Phase 3 trials across diverse cancer types - including lung, renal, melanoma, and more - the review illuminates the significant strides made in enhancing patient outcomes, alongside the unveiling of novel ICIs that have garnered attention in the oncological community. The analysis extends to the notable presentations at the esteemed ESMO and ASCO conventions, providing a panoramic view of the contemporary advancements in ICI technology. Furthermore, the review underscores the imperative of continuous exploration in overcoming the extant challenges, such as the quest for reliable predictive biomarkers and the optimization of combinatorial strategies to surmount resistance and augment therapeutic efficacy. Through a holistic lens, this article elucidates the monumental impact of ICIs, marking a significant epoch in the odyssey towards rendering cancer a conquerable adversary.
Comparison of the development of coral and fish communities on rock-aggregated artificial reefs in Eilat, Red Sea

Despite potential advantages of artificial reefs in areas where natural coral reefs have degraded, relatively little research has been undertaken in Eilat to improve our understanding of the major factors governing the development of reef biota. We report on the first study in a series aimed at increasing our knowledge of the effects of morphology, substrate type, and location on the succession of reef organisms. The development of stony corals and fish communities associated with two types of constructions was examined, which were both made of aggregates of limestone rocks: one randomly aggregated (RA) reef comprising relatively small rocks and an orderly aggregated (OA) reef composed of relatively big rocks. Communities were censused every 4-6 months for more than 4 years, with a final coral census being taken after 100 months. The OA reef attracted significantly more fish species and a higher number of individuals than the RA reef, and reached its carrying capacity faster (30 months versus 50 months). In contrast, number of reef-building corals on the RA reef was significantly higher (in terms of both species and colonies) than on the OA reef, and the plateau was not even reached after 100 months. We conclude that in the Gulf of Aqaba, (1) for recreational purposes, small reefs (of a few cubic metres) may serve as attractive sites because they support relatively rich fish communities, (2) larger rocks, larger interstices and larger reef size induce higher species richness and greater numbers of fish, and (3) structural complexity, as measured by fractal dimension, is an important factor for the development of reef-building corals. Copyright 2002 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Use of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure: evidence from the real world

ABSTRACT Background To characterize the use of sacubitril/valsartan in a group of patients with heart failure in Colombia. Research design and methods Follow-up study of patients with heart failure who started sacubitril/valsartan and were affiliated with the Colombian health system between 2019 and 2021. Sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacological variables and adherence and persistence of use were identified. Results A total of 514 patients were identified, with a mean age of 65.7 years, 73.7% of whom started sacubitril/valsartan at low doses, and only 12.5% reached the maximum dose. Adherence was 78.2% and persistence was 56.8% at 1 year of follow-up. The increase in systolic blood pressure (odds ratio (OR): 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00–1.03) and the use of β-blockers (OR: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.42–4.85) were correlated with a greater persistence, while receiving furosemide (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.39–0.89) and not having received renin – angiotensin – aldosterone system inhibitors in the 3 months before starting sacubitril/valsartan (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.31–0.76) were associated with lower persistence. Conclusions The persistence of treatment 1 year after starting sacubitril/valsartan was not high, and a small proportion of patients reached the target dose of the drug. Nontitration of the drug dose was common.
PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH NON–ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

O the past 33 years, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has evolved from a somewhat tenuous and experimental procedure to a durable and mainstream therapy, and as a result, the clinical indications for PCI have broadened to include patients with both stable angina pectoris and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Acute coronary syndrome refers to the spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms that occur as a result of acute myocardial ischemia, and it is classified as an NSTE-ACS or as an ST-segment–elevation ACS (STE-ACS). NSTE-ACS includes patients with unstable angina (UA, negative cardiac biomarkers) or non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI, positive cardiac biomarkers), and STE-ACS includes patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Over the last 10 years, the incidence rates of STEMI have decreased significantly, and STEMI now makes up less than one third of all MIs in the United States. Thus NSTE-ACS currently accounts for over two-thirds of all acute coronary syndromes. Various strategies have been proposed for the management of NSTE-ACS patients, and more recent guidelines and clinical trials increasingly support an invasive strategy for high-risk ACS patients and a less invasive, more conservative strategy for patients deemed to be at lower risk. In this chapter, we discuss PCI for patients with NSTE-ACS and focus on the pathophysiology, risk stratification, adjunctive treatment during PCI, early invasive versus ischemia-guided strategy, and the most recent American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for the management of patients with NSTE-ACS.
Tomographic inversion of the peak delay times to reveal random velocity fluctuations in the lithosphere: method and application to northeastern Japan

SUMMARY This study proposes a new approach to estimate a 3-D distribution of power spectral density function (PSDF) of random velocity inhomogeneities in the lithosphere and applies this method to northeastern Japan. Our approach analyses the peak delay times of high-frequency S wave for microearthquakes at plural frequency bands on the basis of the Markov approximation for the parabolic wave equation, where the peak delay time is measured as the time lag from the S-wave onset to the maximal amplitude arrival. This peak delay time is appropriate to quantify the accumulated scattering effects due to random inhomogeneities without significant effect of the intrinsic absorption. The target region is divided into many blocks, each of which is characterized by a von K´ arm´ an-type PSDF with two parameters. One of the two parameters characterizes the spectral decay and another one constrains the absolute values of the PSDF at wavelengths shorter than the correlation distance. The peak delay times are calculated with these parameters along the unperturbed ray path by means of a recursive formula that is based on the Markov approximation for the parabolic wave equation. According to this formula, the spatial variation of spectral decay can be identified only by the frequency dependence of the peak delay times. Considering this characteristic, we propose a two-step approach to achieve a stable estimation of both parameters. The first step constructs an initial model with an explicit constraint for the spatial variation of frequency dependence of the peak delay times. The second step improves the first-step result by minimizing the residual of the peak delay times at all frequency bands. In the synthetic test, this two-step approach successfully improves the estimation of both parameters. We apply this method for seismograms (2–4 Hz, 4–8 Hz, 8–16 Hz and 16–32 Hz) observed in northeastern Japan and reveal that strongly inhomogeneous regions are related to the Quaternary volcano distribution and seismicity. We investigate the PSDFs of random inhomogeneities P(m) for the case in which the correlation distance is 5 km, where m is the wavenumber. At the depth of 40–60 km beneath most of the Quaternary volcanoes, P(m) are estimated as 0.017m −3.5 km 3 ∼0.035m −4.0 km 3 at 0.5 15 km −1 ), and our approach detects that they are described by different combinations of the two parameters. It implies that the
An Examination of the Relationships Between the Psychobiological Model of Personality and Cognitive Theory in Patients Diagnosed With Major Depression and Healthy Individuals 2

Results: It was seen that the patient group had higher harm avoidance as well as lower self-directedness, cooperativeness, and persistence. Moreover, it was seen that the individuals in the patient group had increased frequency of dysfunctional attitudes and automatic thoughts pertaining to depression, when comparing to the control group. In addition, according to the results of the multiple mediating variables analysis, dysfunctional attitudes and automatic thoughts are fully mediated in the relationship between harm avoidance, self-directedness, and depression.
CARDIFF METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Prifysgol Fetropolitan Caerdydd CARDIFF SCHOOL OF SPORT DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS)

Discussion and Conclusions 2 To include: collation of information and ideas and evaluation of those ideas relative to the extant literature/concept/theory and research question/problem; adoption of a personal position on the study by linking and combining different elements of the data reported; discussion of the real-life impact of your research findings for coaches and/or practitioners (i.e. practical implications); discussion of the limitations and a critical reflection of the approach/process adopted; and indication of potential improvements and future developments building on the study; and a conclusion which summarises the relationship between the research question and the major findings.