Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Reproductive Allometry of Syntopic Black-Knobbed Sawbacks (Graptemys nigrinoda) and Alabama Map Turtles (Graptemys pulchra) in the Alabama River, with Comparison to Three Congeners

Abstract. In many freshwater turtle species, increasing adult female body size is accompanied by increases in both clutch size and egg size. Because clutch size and egg size represent competing sinks for the increasing abdominal space that can be devoted to reproductive potential as a female grows larger, both are hypoallometrically related to body size, i.e., each increases at less than the rate at which body size is increasing. I studied the reproductive allometry of 2 species of the map turtle and sawback genus (Emydidae: Graptemys) in syntopy in the Alabama River. Relative to congeners, Graptemys nigrinoda is a small-bodied species and Graptemys pulchra is a large-bodied species. In the study populations, adult female G. pulchra were on average 23% larger in plastron length and 125% larger in body mass and there was no overlap in size. Both species had positive but hypoallometric relationships of both clutch size and egg size with body size, a pattern reported for 3 congeners previously, thus further demonstrating the competing sinks of increases in both variables and refuting the optimal egg size hypothesis. For interspecific comparisons using analysis of covariance, there was no significant effect of species on clutch size after accounting for the effect of plastron length. The effect of species on egg width and width of the pelvic aperture was significant, with G. pulchra having relatively wider eggs and pelvic apertures, perhaps related to the more domed carapace and larger body sizes of their hatchlings. Compared with 3 congeners, the 2 Alabama River species had relatively small clutches of relatively large eggs. Latitudinal effects on reproductive output may be important in Graptemys, with more-northerly populations tending toward larger clutches of smaller eggs. There is a need to analyze more data from more populations with log-log analyses of reproductive allometry to confirm the trend. There is also a need to consider shape allometry in future analyses; in particular, the hypoallometry of both shell height and shell width relative to shell length.
Three's Company: Observations of a Nonnative Map Turtle (Graptemys pseudogeographica) Occurring Syntopically with Two Endemic Graptemys in the Pearl River, Mississippi

Abstract. Humans commonly move turtles and tortoises across geopolitical and geographic boundaries through food markets and the pet trade. One group commonly encountered in the pet trade is the genus Graptemys (map turtles and sawbacks). In the late 1980s, Graptemys pseudogeographica (false map turtle) was documented outside of its native range in the Pearl River near Jackson, Mississippi. Through replicated visual surveys in 2017 and 2018, we found that G. pseudogeographica persists in this location, but their densities were low (0.22/river km; 0.5% of all observations) compared with the 2 native Graptemys species. We evaluated the historical avenues for introduction via natural or human-mediated routes. Based on topographic profiles and historical hydrologic records, we strongly refute a prior hypothesis that G. pseudogeographica naturally colonized the Pearl from a neighboring drainage during the Easter Flood of 1979. Rather, we suggest that introduction via the release of unwanted pets is a more parsimonious conclusion. Because the lineage is shallowly diverged on an evolutionary scale, it seems possible that hybridization could occur between introduced G. pseudogeographica and Graptemys oculifera. Consequently, genetic introgression of the nonnative G. pseudogeographica genome is a possible threat to G. oculifera, a federally threatened species. This is a conservation concern to be further evaluated.
Acute Pulmonary Effects of Combined Exposure to Carbon Nanotubes and Ozone in Mice

Ozone (O3) is a well-investigated gaseous air pollutant known to produce acute and chronic toxicity in the respiratory system. Whether prior exposure to nanoparticles influences the toxicity of O3 has not been well investigated. To determine if there are toxicological interactions between particulate and gas exposures, we examined acute pulmonary effects of a 3-h ozone exposure (0.5 ppm) in female C57Bl mice that had been preexposed to a single dose of 20 μ g multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT) by pharyngeal aspiration 12 h earlier. A total of four groups were compared: (1) PBS/air-control, (2) PBS/O3, (3) CNT/air, and (4) CNT/O3. Analyses of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue samples collected at 5 and 24 h post O3 exposure were performed for various markers of cytotoxicity and inflammation using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot procedures. The results showed a pronounced cellular response and increase in various cytotoxicity/inflammatory markers in the lungs of CNT-exposed mice. Ozone by itself produced minimal effects, but in CNT-exposed animals there was a significant increase in total brochoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Additionally, protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and mucin levels in BALF at 5 and 24 h were higher in CNT-exposed animals than in corresponding air-exposed controls or animals exposed to O3 alone. A comparable increase over the controls was also observed in the CNT/O3 group, but neither an additive nor a synergistic interaction was observed in mice that received sequential exposure to CNT and ozone. In fact, some CNT-induced cytotoxic/inflammatory responses were attenuated in mice following exposure to both CNT and low levels of ozone. These results are contrary to enhanced responses that were anticipated and may represent the development of “cross-tolerance” reported by others for some sequentially administered pollutants.
Rate the Raters: A Note on Wine Judge Consistency

Abstract Much literature shows that the ratings assigned by wine judges are uncertain, some authors have proposed that judges be tested, and a few wine competitions do test judges. However, no literature or competition has yet proposed a test or rating for judges based on realistic competition conditions. This article uses coefficients of multiple correlation to rate each of 54 judges who assigned ratings to 2,811 wines entered in a commercial competition. Results show that there is a strong and positive correlation between the ratings assigned by most judges to most wines. However, those correlations also show that the ratings assigned by approximately 10% of judges are indistinguishable from random assignments. Using correlations to rate the raters, a program is underway to monitor those judges and variations in competition protocol that may affect their ratings. (JEL Classifications: A10, C00, C10, C12, D12)
Production capacity and asymmetric costs under nonlinear relationship

The attention to capacity utilization in the cost accounting literature, the gap is related to mechanisms and effects conditions costs responses to capacity utilization changes. Based on asymmetric cost theory, the study develop an explaining how and under which conditions perceived capacity utilization affects the degree of asymmetric costs. The results indicated that perceived capacity utilization interacts with capacity changes to predict costs stickiness. This article study supported the professional understanding of capacity utilization and has key implications for managers' practices.
Effect of Low Level O2 Addition to N2 on Surface Cleaning by Nonequilibrium Atmospheric-Pressure Pulsed Remote Plasma

The effect of O2 additions below 0.2% to N2 was investigated for the cleaning of organic contaminants on an indium tin oxide film using a nonequilibrium atmospheric-pressure pulsed plasma. A remarkably high cleaning efficiency was obtained for plasma treatment with additions from 0.025 to 0.1% O2 to N2. The concentration of the ground state oxygen radical [O(3P)] was measured using vacuum UV laser absorption spectroscopy. It was found that the key factor for the surface cleaning was the scission of carbon bonds due to UV emissions, and subsequent oxidation due to O(3P) and ozone.
Performance Analysis of Twofish Cryptography Algorithm in Big Data

Information security in big data plays a vital role in today's modern era of computing. It has become significant issue due to the popularity of Internet, free access of internet and data, online businesses, and communication technologies that have been emerged tremendously, making them a potential computer security threats. In order to overcome these threats, modern data communication uses cryptography as a technique to secure big data transmission efficiently and effectively. This paper aims to demonstrate the process of encryption and decryption of different big datasets and compare its results in terms of message size and time. There are seven (7) different big data files that have been loaded in a Java Netbeans twosifh algorithm program that includes app store, interactions train, border crossing, PP users, PP recipes, raw recipes and raw interactions for simulation purposes. The main purpose of simulation is to record the accuracy and efficiency of big data files used. The results of the simulation were recorded, compared, and analyzed to create valuable contribution to information security.
An Empirical Research on the Effectiveness of Different LSTM Architectures on Vietnamese Stock Market

Stock price prediction is a challenging financial time-series forecasting problem. In recent years, on account of the rapid progression of deep learning, researchers have developed highly accurate, state-of-the-art time-series models. Long short-term memory (LSTM) stands out as one of the most reliable architecture at capturing long-time temporal dependences. In Vietnam, there is a lack of research papers that solely focused on the effectiveness of deep-learning in stock price prediction. This paper surveys three different variations of LSTM (Vanilla, Stacked, Bidirectional) when applied to 20 companies’ stock prices over a period of 5 years from 2015 to 2020 in the VN-index stock exchange. The results show that Bidirectional LSTM is the most accurate model.
Functionalization of Starch for Macro-Initiator of Atomic Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)

Using of petro-polymers such as polymethylmethacrylate, polypropylene and polyethylene in the world has been undergoing a critical problem due to significantly decreasing of petroleoum stock as monomer sources. Therefore reducing of the petro-polymer usage should be performed by using natural resources such as modified starches.This study reported addition of an acyl bromide compound to substitute hydroxyl groups on the starch obtains a macro initiator for graft-copolymerizing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) onto the functionalized starch as starch-g-PMMA through atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. The starch activation through the substitution of the hydroxyl functional group creates ability of the starch to transfer a radical atom onto a petro-monomer such an alkylmethacrylate which furthermore polymerize into starch-g-PMMA at mild condition. This paper reported study of the starch activation describing about screening catalysts and acyl bromide compounds, optimizing process variables such as amount ratio of a selected acyl bromide compound to starch and temperature. The functionalized starchs were analysed by 13-CNMR, FTIR, titration and their morphology was observed by FE-SEM.
Numerical simulation of slip characteristics of superhydrophobic surface

The slip flow in a microchannel on the superhydrophobic surface was simulated by FLUENT software, and analyzed the slip characteristics of the flow field on the superhydrophobic surface. According to Cassie model, the two-dimensional model used in this paper is established, the computational domain is divided by structured grid, and the two-phase flow in this paper is numerically simulated based on the model of Volume of Fluid (VOF). The results show that the viscous drag in the pit is mainly due to the pressure difference between the front and back flow surfaces, and the pressure difference also produces eddy current effect. The drag decreases in turn under the boundary conditions of no slip, unilateral slip and bilateral slip; By changing the rib spacing or rib width, the area ratio of free shear surface increases, and the slip length, slip speed and dimensionless pressure drop ratio also increase; The slip velocity increases with the increase of flow rate, while the dimensionless pressure drop ratio and slip length remain unchanged; When the geometric height of microchannel increases, the slip height remains unchanged; The slip length depends only on the surface properties.
Determinants of college students' online purchase intentions on social media sites

This study investigated that factors determining college students' intention to purchase on social media sites. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used as the theoretical foundation for the study and the structural equation modeling techniques through the use of Smart PLS 3.0 was used to conduct the analysis. The results show that both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use were significant determinants of college students' purchase intentions through social media sites. Also perceived ease of use was found to predict the usefulness of purchasing through social media sites. Finally, Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) had a threefold direct significant impact on the perceived purchase intentions, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use of purchasing through social media. The implications of these findings on the development and promotion of e-commerce via social media are thoroughly discussed.
Panoramic Image Reﬂection Removal (Supplementary Material)

In the supplementary material, we show a comparison on reﬂection alignment with an existing alignment approach, introduce more details about our method, provide an ablation study on transmission recovery, and conduct more comprehensive comparisons with state-of-the-art reﬂection removal methods. We further provide a demonstration video to show two user scenarios of using a panoramic camera and a mobile phone
Photoionization of Indole, N‐Methylindole and Tryptophan In Aqueous Solution upon Excitation at 193 nm

Abstract— The 193 nm photoionization of aqueous indole, A'‐meth‐ylindole and tryptophan–as a function of pH and under several saturating gas conditions–has been studied by laser photolysis using optical and conductometric detection methods. Monophotonic ionization leads to production of the cation radicals and hydrated electrons, the quantum yield of electron ejection is 0.3–0.4. The cation radicals have pKa values of 4.5, <5 and 4.5 for indole, N‐methylindole and tryptophan, respectively. Above these pH values, the cation radical deprotonate rapidly, having lifetimes of 1.0, ≅6 and 1.1 μs, respectively. Under N2O, neutral indolyl radical production is accompanied by formation of an OH adduct radical (<1 μs). The conductivity results in Ar‐ and N2O‐saturated solution support the deprotonation mechanism and indicate that in the acidic pH range, the cation radical decays by release of protons with kinetics on the millisecond time scale.
Related Factors of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a dramatically harmful disease in the neonatal period, in particular common in preterm infants, and our study was to determine related factors of PDA in preterm infants. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. The pooled odds ratio and standard mean difference were calculated to compare dichotomous and continuous variables, respectively. In addition, we also assessed the heterogeneity and publication bias and carried out sensitivity analysis for each related factor. Results: We included 45 studies with 87,419 individuals. After the primary analysis and a series of adjustments, results showed chorioamnionitis, lower gestational age, lower birth weight, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, surfactant treatment, ventilation, and lower platelet count had a positive correlation with PDA, while small for gestational age decreased the incidence of PDA in preterm infants. Besides, premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, antenatal steroids, male gender, mean platelet volume, and platelet distribution width were found to have no statistically significant relationship with PDA. Conclusion: Preterm infants with more immature characteristics generally have a higher likelihood to develop PDA. The prevention, diagnosis, and management of PDA may depend on these results, and effective measures can be taken accordingly.
Technology-Assisted Self-Regulated English Language Learning: Associations With English Language Self-Efficacy, English Enjoyment, and Learning Outcomes

This study investigated Chinese university students’ technology-assisted self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies and whether the technology-based SRL strategies mediated the associations between English language self-efficacy, English enjoyment, and learning outcomes. Data were collected from 525 undergraduate students in mainland China through three self-report questionnaires and the performance on an English language proficiency test. While students reported an overall moderate level of SRL strategies, they reported a high level of technology-based vocabulary learning strategies. A statistically significant positive relationship was noted between the use of technology-based SRL strategies and students’ English learning outcomes. English language self-efficacy and English language enjoyment were both related to technology-based SRL strategies. Furthermore, SRL strategies fully mediated the relationship between English enjoyment and English learning outcomes, but the association between English enjoyment and SRL strategies was only partially mediated by English language self-efficacy. Pedagogically, findings of this study suggest that training and instruction aimed at promotion of modern educational technology among students need to give attention to developing their strategic awareness of motivation regulation in optimizing effectiveness of their technology use in learning the target language.
TLR4 Deficiency Exacerbates Biliary Injuries and Peribiliary Fibrosis Caused by Clonorchis sinensis in a Resistant Mouse Strain

Mice with different genetic backgrounds have various susceptibilities to infection with Clonorchis sinensis, although the mechanisms underlying are largely unknown. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as one of the most important pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) is essential for the invasion, survival, pathogenesis, and elimination of worms. The roles played by TLR4 in C. sinensis infection may vary due to the different genetic backgrounds of mice. In the present study, a relatively resistant mouse strain-C57BL/10 to C. sinensis was used for investigation on the possible roles of TLR4 in the biliary injuries and peribiliary fibrosis. TLR4 wild type (TLR4wild) and TLR4 defective (TLR4def) mice were orally infected with 45 metacercariae of C. sinensis, and all C. sinensis-infected mice and non-infected groups were anesthetized on day 28 post-infection. The liver and serum from each mouse were collected for assessment of the biliary injuries and biliary fibrosis. Meanwhile, hepatic leukocytes were isolated and detected for the activation of M1 or M2 macrophage using flow cytometry. The hepatic type 1 immune response and type 2 immune responses -relative molecules were also evaluated using ELISA and quantitative PCR. The data showed that TLR4def aggravated liver inflammatory cell infiltrations, bile duct proliferation, biliary and hepatocellular injuries, and ECM deposition in C. sinensis-infected mice, compared with TLR4wild mice when they were intragastrically administered with the same amounts of C. sinensis metacercaria. Furthermore, the M2-like macrophages and type 2 immune responses were significantly predominant induced in TLR4def mice, compared with that of TLR4wild mice following C. sinensis infection. But the type 1 immune response were significantly decreased in TLR4def mice, compared with TLR4wild mice after C. sinensis infection. These data demonstrate that TLR4 deficiency exacerbates biliary injuries and peribiliary fibrosis caused by C. sinensis in C57BL/10 strain mice, which is contributed by augments of type 2 immune responses and decrease pro-inflammatory responses.
Radiation Exposure to the Thyroid After the Chernobyl Accident

Introduction The Chernobyl accident resulted in a considerable release of radioactivity to the atmosphere, particularly of Iodine-131 (131I), with the greatest contamination occurring in Belarus, Ukraine, and western part of Russia. Material and Methods Increase in thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases incidence in population exposed to Chernobyl fallout in these counties was the major health effect of the accident. Therefore, a lot of attention was paid to the thyroid doses, mainly, the 131I intake during two months after the accident. This paper reviews thyroid doses, both the individual for the subjects of radiation epidemiological studies and population-average doses. Exposure to 131I intake and other exposure pathways to population of affected regions and the Chernobyl cleanup workers (liquidators) are considered. Results Individual thyroid doses due to 131I intake varied up to 42 Gy and depended on the age of the person, the region where a person was exposed, and their cow’s milk consumption habits. Population-average thyroid doses among children of youngest age reached up to 0.75 Gy in the most contaminated area, the Gomel Oblast, in Belarus. Intake of 131I was the main pathway of exposure to the thyroid gland; its mean contribution to the thyroid dose in affected regions was more than 90%. The mean thyroid dose from inhalation of 131I for early Chernobyl cleanup workers was estimated to be 0.18 Gy. Individual thyroid doses due to different exposure pathways varied among 1,137 cleanup workers included in the epidemiological studies up to 9 Gy. Uncertainties associated with dose estimates, in terms of mean geometric standard deviation of individual stochastic doses, varied in range from 1.6 for doses based on individual-radiation measurements to 2.6 for “modelled” doses. Conclusion The 131I was the most radiologically important radionuclide that resulted in radiation exposure to the thyroid gland and cause an increase in the of rate of thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases in population exposed after the Chernobyl accident.