Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional associations of schoolchildren’s fruit and vegetable consumption, and meal choices, with their mental well-being: a cross-sectional study

Background Poor mental well-being is a major issue for young people and is likely to have long-term negative consequences. The contribution of nutrition is underexplored. We, therefore, investigated the association between dietary choices and mental well-being among schoolchildren. Methods Data from 7570 secondary school and 1253 primary school children in the Norfolk Children and Young People Health and Well-being Survey, open to all Norfolk schools during October 2017, were analysed. Multivariable linear regression was used to measure the association between nutritional factors and mental well-being assessed by the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale for secondary school pupils, or the Stirling Children’s Well-being Scale for primary school pupils. We adjusted all analyses for important covariates including demographic, health variables, living/home situation and adverse experience variables. Results In secondary school analyses, a strong association between nutritional variables and well-being scores was apparent. Higher combined fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly associated with higher well-being: well-being scores were 3.73 (95% CI 2.94 to 4.53) units higher in those consuming five or more fruits and vegetables (p<0.001; n=1905) compared with none (n=739). The type of breakfast or lunch consumed was also associated with significant differences in well-being score. Compared with children consuming a conventional type of breakfast (n=5288), those not eating any breakfast had mean well-being scores 2.73 (95% CI 2.11 to 3.35) units lower (p<0.001; n=1129) and those consuming only an energy drink had well-being scores 3.14 (95% CI 1.20 to 5.09) units lower (p=0.002; n=91). Likewise, children not eating any lunch had well-being scores 2.95 (95% CI 2.22 to 3.68) units lower (p<0.001; 860) than those consuming a packed lunch (n=3744). In primary school analyses, the type of breakfast or lunch was associated with significant differences in well-being scores in a similar way to those seen in secondary school data, although no significant association with fruit and vegetable intake was evident. Conclusion These findings suggest that public health strategies to optimise the mental well-being of children should include promotion of good nutrition.
‘I JUST WANT TO RUN’: how recreational runners perceive and deal with injuries

Running injuries impact the health gains achieved through running and are linked to drop-out from this otherwise healthy activity. The need for effective prevention is apparent, however, implementation of preventive measures implies a change in runners’ behaviour. This exploratory qualitative study aimed to explore Dutch recreational runners’ perception on injuries, injury occurrence and prevention. An interpretative paradigm underpins this study. We conducted 12 individual semistructured interviews with male (n=6) and female runners (n=6). Through a constant comparative data analysis, we developed a conceptual model to illustrate the final product of the analysis and represent the main themes’ connection. We present a framework that describes the pathway from load to injury and the self-regulatory process controlling this pathway. Runners mentioned that pain is not necessarily an injury, and they usually continue running. Once complaints become unmanageable and limit the runner’s ability to participate, an injury was perceived. Based on our outcomes, we recommend that preventive strategies focus on the self-regulation by which runners manage their complaints and injuries—providing information, advice and programmes that support the runner to make well-informed, effective decisions.
Intersectional tension: a qualitative study of the effects of the COVID-19 response on survivors of violence against women in urban India

Objectives There is a concern worldwide that efforts to address the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have affected the frequency and intensity of domestic violence against women. Residents of urban informal settlements faced particularly stringent conditions during the response in India. Counsellors spoke with registered survivors of domestic violence in Mumbai, with two objectives: to understand how the pandemic and subsequent lockdown had changed their needs and experiences, and to recommend programmatic responses. Design Qualitative interviews and framework analysis. Setting A non-government support programme for survivors of violence against women, providing services mainly for residents of informal settlements. Participants During follow-up telephone counselling with survivors of violence against women who had previously registered for support and consented to the use of information in research, counsellors took verbal consent for additional questions about the effects of COVID-19 on their daily life, their ability to speak with someone, and their counselling preferences. Responses were recorded as written notes. Results The major concerns of 586 clients interviewed between April and July 2020 were meeting basic needs (financial stress, interrupted livelihoods and food insecurity), confinement in small homes (family tensions and isolation with abusers) and limited mobility (power imbalances in the home and lack of opportunity for disclosure and stress relief). A major source of stress was the increased burden of unpaid domestic care, which fell largely on women. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the burden of poverty and gendered unpaid care. Finance and food security are critical considerations for future response, which should consider inequality, financial support, prioritising continued availability of services for survivors of violence and expanding access to social networks. Decision-makers must be aware of the gendered, intersectional effects of interventions and must include residents of informal settlements who are survivors of domestic violence in the planning and implementation of public health strategies.
Is Leader Developing Behavior Related to Employees ’ Health Complaints ? A Multilevel Investigation

The goals of this study were to ascertain whether a specific leadership behavior (developing subordinates) is related to employees’ health complaints and determine some of the underlying mechanisms involved. The hypothesized relationships were investigated in a sample composed of 538 employees working in 170 work-units of a public regional health service. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to estimate the hypothesized relationships at the individual and work-unit levels. Results obtained at the individual level showed, as expected, that leader developing behavior was negatively related to employees’ health complaints through two mediators: organizational commitment and emotional exhaustion. At the work-unit level, leader developing behavior was not related to employees’ health complaints. Our findings uncover some of the mechanisms linking leader developing behavior and employees’ health complaints at the individual level, show that the observed relationships cannot be generalized across levels, and have implications for the Job Demands-Resources theory.
Influence of Sodium Channel Activation on NMDA Receptor-Mediated Structural Plasticity.

Neuronal activity regulates morphology and connectivity of neurons during development. Many aspects of activity-dependent neuronal development such as dendritic arborization, spinogenesis and synaptogenesis are mediated via N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent signaling mechanisms. Inasmuch as neuronal activity involves activation of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) primarily, in this study, we used a sodium channel activator, brevetoxin-2 (PbTx-2) to mimic neuronal activity. Brevetoxins interact with binding site 5 on the α subunit of VGSCs. PbTx-2 was found to increase intracellular sodium concentration ([Na+]i) in immature cerebrocortical neurons above the critical threshold for upregulating NMDAR function. Hence PbTx-2 was used to explore the relationship between [Na+]i and NMDAR-dependent structural plasticity in developing cerebrocortical neurons. Exposure to PbTx-2 was found to sensitize immature neurons to NMDA-induced Ca2+ influx through a Src family kinase (SFK)-dependent pathway. The effects of PbTx-2 on upregulating NMDAR function did not involve depolarization of the neurons as explained by the modest membrane potential change in FMP (FLIPR® membrane potential) blue fluorescence assay and confirmed by the cell attached patch recordings. We found that chronic exposure to low concentration of PbTx-2 (30 nM) accelerated the appearance of spontaneous calcium oscillations in cerebrocortical neurons, which could be indicative of enhanced or accelerated functional network and synapse formation. Acute exposure to PbTx-2 increased cell surface expression of NR2B containing NMDARs and TrkB receptors (high affinity receptor for Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF) as observed in the surface biotinylation assay, demonstrating direct evidence for the ability of PbTx-2 to sensitize neurons for signaling downstream of NMDAR and BDNF. Further, effects of PbTx-2 on various aspects of neuronal plasticity were investigated. We observed that treatment with PbTx-2 enhanced neurite outgrowth, dendritic arborization, spinogenesis and synaptogenesis. All the aspects of neuronal plasticity exhibited a biphasic concentration-response profile with 30 and 100 nM PbTx-2 having the most robust effect. Biphasic nature of these data can be explained by lower concentrations not sufficient enough to initiate signaling and higher concentrations resulting in internalization of VGSCs as shown in the whole cell binding assay. We also found that exposure to NMDA produced a neurite outgrowth response with similar hormetic profile suggesting engagement of similar signaling mechanisms in PbTx-2 and NMDA-induced neuronal morphogenesis. Pharmacological evaluation of PbTx-2 induced neuronal plasticity showed that it was mediated by signaling mechanisms downstream of NMDAR resulting in the activation of CaMKK (Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase) and CaMKII (Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) pathway. The signaling mechanisms underlying PbTx-2 stimulated neuronal structural plasticity also involved…
Sodality in Peri-Urban Community Empowerment: Perspective of Development Communication and Extension Science

Tjondronegoro's concept of sodality is gaining momentum to be applied in a broader context. Sodality is relevant to participatory approaches in community development, extension/empowerment, and development communication. This study aims to answer how the role of sodality is in the empowerment of peri-urban communities from communication and extension development sciences. This research method uses a participatory action study by placing the researcher to live with the community. Sodality can be interpreted as the life force of a unique community unit. However, without any family relationship, they are bound by a synergy of interest relations without eliminating the primary relationship. In the context of empowerment, the bonds in sodality are colored more with interest in achieving life necessities among community members. Thus, in peri-urban communities, sodality is closer to the meaning of social capital, which effectively strengthens the community's efforts to live a life together, both with internal and external parties. The Tjondronegoro version of the concept of sodality in the current era is not only for the smallest community unit in the community territory, but it can be strengthened by the meaning of a synergy of interests in meeting the needs of a community.
Foundational Leadership Theory: A New Ethical Approach to Reducing Knowledge-Hiding Practices Among Employees

Knowledge hiding is a destructive behavior that degrades organizational success. Knowledge hiding is the intentional withholding of information from another employee. It has been reported that 76% of U.S. employees hide knowledge from each other. The displaced aggression theory suggests that employees are more likely to hide knowledge from others in the presence of mistreatment by a leader. Therefore, there was a need to investigate new ethical theories that have been shown to influence organizational commitment and potentially decrease knowledge-hiding practices among employees. This research used foundational leadership theory (FLT) developed by Fuller in 2021 to examine the overall influence on knowledge hiding. The sample consisted of 306 full-time employees across various industries throughout the United States. The results indicated that FLT had a significant negative relationship (-0.64); regression analysis indicated that, as FLT increased, knowledge hiding decreased by 0.57. Therefore, leadership training programs that teach ethical leaders based on integrity, assurance, and pragmatism will likely reduce knowledge hiding tactics among employees and create a strategic advantage among competitors.
A Comparison of NovaMin™ and Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Fluoride on Enamel Remineralization – An In vitro Study Using Scanning Electron Microscope and DIAGNOdent®

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of NovaMin™ (SHY-NM) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) (tooth mousse plus™) on enamel remineralization using DIAGNOdent® and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Methodology: Eighty-six natural permanent maxillary first premolars were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 43 each, Group A (NovaMin™) and Group B (CPP-ACPF). All the samples were assessed using DIAGNOdent® (KaVo) at the baseline, after demineralization, and remineralization after 7 days. Two samples were randomly selected from each group after remineralization to evaluate the surface changes using SEM at × 1000 and × 2000. Results: The mean value of remineralization was highest for Group A NovaMin™ (6.56 ± 0.93) compared to Group B, CPP-ACPF (tooth mousse plus™) (6.02 ± 1.09). The maximum demineralization to remineralization value within the groups showed that the mean values in Group B CPP-ACPF (7.02 ± 3.02) was higher than Group A NovaMin™ (6.42 ± 2.21). The difference in remineralizing potential between the groups and demineralization to remineralization value in within-group comparison was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: On comparing Group A NovaMin™ and Group B CPP-ACPF, Group B CPP-ACPF showed a higher amount of remineralization than Group A NovaMin™. From the present study, it can be inferred that both the experimental groups have the potential for remineralization.
Management of adrenal insufficiency: A survey of perceptions and practices of physicians from the Middle East and North Africa

Introduction: Treatment of adrenal insufficiency (AI) requires correct lifelong use of glucocorticoids (GCs) with early dose adjustments to cover the increased demand in stress to avoid life-threatening emergencies. Objectives: We determine the current specific knowledge of physicians in a convenience sample on the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of AI in the two regions of North Africa and the Middle East. Materials and Methods: Participants (n = 96) were invited to complete an electronic questionnaire with various possible answers on the subject of multiple-choice questions covering physiology, pharmacology, and clinical management and define respondents' professional profiles. Results: The present study suggests that in the investigated settings, physicians' knowledge of physiology and pharmacology GCs, medical replacement strategies in AI, and prevention of adrenal crisis may be insufficient. Great knowledge gaps were demonstrated. Conclusions: There is a need for continuous structured education and training on AI in both general medical and endocrine forums.
Leukocyte morphological changes in COVID-19, a peripheral smear study and analysis at a tertiary health care centre in India

Context: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as the name depicts, a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus that emerged in the year 2019 December, at the Wuhan province in China. The knowledge on the pathogenesis of the disease at the cellular level to correlate with the clinical severity is still evolving. Various clinicopathological features and nature of the disease were gradually identified from those who were affected by the disease. Apart from the clinical presentation, certain investigations played a major role in diagnosing and assessing the severity of the disease. Morphological impact on blood cells was also caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 virus. Aim: Morphological analysis of leukocytes on blood samples of COVID19 patients. Settings and Design: Peripheral smear study of blood samples of COVID19 patients admitted at our tertiary care center. Subjects and Methods: Microscopic peripheral smear examination of leukocyte morphology on study samples. Statistical Analysis Used: All the data were recorded and analyzed statistically using Ms-Excel. Results: Our study demonstrated certain acquired pathogenic abnormalities of the leukocytes, that are acquired neutrophilic nuclear projections (ANNP), plasmacytoid lymphocytes, acquired Pelger-Huet anomaly (APHA), myeloid left shift, neutrophils with toxic granules and cytoplasmic vacuoles, and apoptotic cells. Conclusion: To summarize, in our study we observed similar features that were recorded in few studies earlier, such as APHA and plasmacytoid lymphocytes in convincing percentages among the COVID-19 patients in our population. Adding to these ANNP was one more prominent feature we encountered in majority of COVID-19 cases.
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS): Are anaesthesiologists prepared for the paradigm shift in perioperative care? A prospective cross-sectional survey in India

After Institutional Ethics Committee approval, this online survey was conducted amongst Indian anaesthesiologists prospectively from September 2020 to January 2021. The questionnaire was developed after extensive research for various elements of the ERAS protocol, along with the review of published guidelines on ERAS website. The questionnaire had 28 questions [Appendix A] and was divided into three sections. Section one dealt with the consent of the participants. The second section consisted of questions investigating the demographics of anaesthesiologists and their awareness of ERAS protocols in general. The third section consisted of questions framed to know the current practice of anaesthesiologists in India and the extent of implementation of the various elements of ERAS protocol for major GI surgeries in the perioperative period.
Comparative Evaluation of Sclerostin Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis Patients Using Diode Laser as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing: A Clinico-biochemical Study

Aims: Sclerostin is an inhibitor of bone formation, and laser irradiation enhances osteoblast proliferation. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sclerostin level and clinical parameters of chronic periodontitis patients following the application of diode laser (810 nm) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP). Subjects and Methods: Fifteen systemically healthy chronic periodontitis patients (age 35–55 years) with probing pocket depth ≥5mm were included in this split-mouth study. SRP and pocket irradiation with diode laser were done in the test group and SRP alone in the control group at baseline. Low-level laser therapy application and saline irrigation were done in both the groups, respectively, in the 2nd and 3rd visits. Two microliters of GCF samples was collected from both the groups at baseline before treatment and on the 90th day for the assessment of sclerostin concentration. Results: This study showed a statistically significant reduction of clinical parameters in the test and control groups at the end of 3 months. Both the groups showed a statistically significant reduction of sclerostin levels in GCF after 3 months, in which the test group (125.80 ± 28.21 to 82.80 ± 9.31) showed a highly significant reduction (P = 0.000). Conclusions: The adjunctive use of laser had shown a beneficial effect in terms of clinical parameters and osteoblast proliferation by the reduction in the levels of sclerostin in GCF. From the observations of this study, it can be concluded that the therapeutic effectiveness of diode laser as an adjunct to SRP is having a beneficial effect and sclerostin can be used as a potent biomarker.
Abnormal Saccades Differentiate Adolescent Onset Variant Ataxia Telangiectasia from Other Myoclonus Dystonia

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Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography for the Assessment of Maxillofacial Fractures: A Meta-analysis

Objective: To evaluate the pooled sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography (USG) in maxillofacial fractures. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was performed in five databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source) from inception to September 12, 2020. Studies that reported or from which sensitivity and specificity can be calculated and studies published in the English language were included. Conference proceedings, letter to editors, and case reports were excluded. Screening of studies, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment (QUADAS -2) were done separately by two review authors. A bivariate random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled estimates. Results: After the removal of duplicates, 1852 studies were included for screening of title and abstracts. Only 22 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. The sample size ranged from 6 to 87. The majority of the studies assessed orbit and nasal bones fractures. Only two studies included a comprehensive assessment of facial fractures. The overall sensitivity and specificity values were 0.94 and 0.96, respectively. Conclusion: USG has good diagnostic accuracy for the assessment of fractures of orbit and nasal bones. Clinicians need to consider the advantages and limitations of USG before recommending advanced imaging modalities.