Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of L-Arginine on the Growth of monosex Fingerling Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

The present experiment was conducted for 5 weeks to investigate the effects of Larginine on the growth performance of fingerling Nile Tilapia (Oreochrommi niloticus). Nile tilapia were stocked in aquarium and fed regularly with different dose of L-arginine and other isoenergetic diets for all the trials. Weekly sampling was carried out to evaluate body weight and length. Fingerlings having average weight and length 0.31 ± 0.01 gm and 2.71 ± 0.01 cm, respectively were fed with T1 (SD+0.00143% L-arginine of diet+Vit-E), T2 (SD+0.0143% L-arginine of diet+Vit-E), T3 (SD+0.143% L-arginine of diet+Vit-E) and T4 (SD+Vit-E) for 5 weeks. The net weight gains in T3 (0.88 ±0.03gm) was significantly higher (p<0.01) than those of T1 (0.72 ± 0.02gm), T2 (0.79 ± 0.02gm) and T4 (0.66 ±0.02gm). The net length gains in T3 (1.553 ±0.04cm) was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of T2 (1.480 ±0.02cm), T1 (1.390 ±0.01cm) and T4 (1.290 ±0.03cm). The SGR (%/day) in treatment T3 (2.52 ±0.07) was significantly higher (p<0.01) than the treatment T1 (2.07 ± 0.04), T2 (2.26 ±0.04) and T4 (1.90 ±0.04). Significant differences (p<0.01) were observed for survival rates among various dietary treatments. The highest survival rate was found in T3 (86.67%) and the lowest in T4 (73.33%). The present study indicates that, supplementation of 0.143% L-arginine in feed might be a good growth indicator for mass culture of tilapia. © 2019 The Authors. Published by JFLS. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0). A R T I C L E I N F O Received: 10 May 2019 Accepted: 29 December 2019 Available online: 31 December 2019
Hydro‐Climatic Drought in the Delaware River Basin

The Delaware River Basin (DRB) supplies water to approximately 15 million people and is essential to agriculture and industry. In this study, a monthly water balance model is used to compute monthly water balance components (i.e., potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, and runoff [R]) for the DRB for the 1901 through 2015 period. Water‐year R is used to identify drought periods in the basin and seven drought periods were identified. All but one of the drought periods occurred before about 1970; after this date, precipitation increased in the DRB and droughts were infrequent. The seven droughts were largely driven by precipitation deficits, rather than by unusually warm temperatures. For six of the seven droughts, the precipitation deficits were associated with atmospheric pressure patterns that resulted in northerly wind anomalies (i.e., conditions that deviate from the long‐term mean) over the basin that indicate an anomalous flow of dry air from the North American continent into the DRB. An examination of drought events estimated from a tree ring–based reconstruction of the Palmer Drought Severity Index for the 490 through 2005 time period indicates that although there were some DRB droughts that were longer and more severe during previous centuries, the DRB droughts during 1901 through 2015 were comparable in duration and severity to most drought events during previous centuries.
Analysis of the energy efficiency of poultry houses in the Bursa region of Turkey

Energy use in the poultry sector has grown with increasing population and standard of living. The aim of this study was to determine energy use, energy efficiency and energy consumption for broiler and laying farms in the Bursa region of western Turkey. The data were collected using surveys with an interview-based questionnaire, which were administered at 29 broiler farms and 48 layer farms. An energy input–output analysis was performed, and the significance of energy consumption differences between broiler and layer farms was determined by an analysis of variance. The energy consumption of broiler and layer farms was found to be 438.568 and 516.848 MJ(1000 bird)−1, respectively, whereas energy output was 250.401 MJ(1000 bird)−1 for broiler farms and 384.690 MJ(1000 bird)−1 for layer farms. The forms of indirect energy and renewable energy in the total average energy inputs were higher than the direct and non-renewable energy forms for all the surveyed poultry farms. It was found that feed had the highest share among the energy inputs for both types of poultry farms. The results of energy use efficiency illustrate that energy in broiler farms was efficiently used, whereas energy use in layer farms was not efficient.
Physics learning media based Augmented Reality (AR) for electricity concepts

Physics concepts are unique because some of them are the abstract concepts so they need to be visualized so as easier to be understood. However, it is rarely the learning media that can combine the real and virtual visualization of abstract physics concepts in the same time. This present study aims to create the application that is used as the physics learning media to aid the virtual visualization of the abstract concept of physics combined with real visualization using augmented reality. The abstract concepts of physics that are visualized are electricity concepts. The waterfall method is the method utilized to test the application on the android system. There are four standards to analyze data, namely functional suitability, performance efficiency, portability, and usability. The findings reveal that two standards (i.e., performance efficiency, and portability) lead the application is valid and good to be used while the usability standard achieves high value based students’ questionnaire that means the application is valid. The implication of this present study indeed can be widened to implement the application on the physics learning in the classroom.
Exploring the Relationship between Teachers’ Creativity, Classroom Management, Age and Gender

The present study aimed to study the relationship between teachers’ creativity, classroom management, age and gender. To achieve these goals, 70 Iranian EFL teachers participated in the study by filling out two questionnaires: Creativity Fostering Teacher Behavior Index developed by Soh (2000) ,and Behavior and Instructional Management Scale developed by Martin and Sass (2010). Analysis of the questionnaires revealed that there is a statistically positive significant relationship between teachers’ creativity and classroom management. In addition, the findings indicated that there is statistically significant difference across the three age groups regarding their attitudes towards creativity and classroom management. Likewise, it was revealed that there is significant difference between Iranian EFL male and female teachers concerning their attitudes towards creativity. However, the findings also indicated that there was not any statistically significant difference between Iranian EFL male and female teachers regarding their attitudes towards classroom management. The findings have implications for EFL teachers.
Isolation, Identification, and Antibiotics Susceptibility Determination of Proteus Species Obtained from Various Clinical Specimens in Erbil City

Fifty-two Proteus isolates, (47) Proteus mirabilis, (4) Proteus vulgaris, and (1) Proteus hauseri are being isolated from (200) clinical specimens taken from patients admitted to different hospitals in Erbil city/Kurdistan region of Iraq. Specimens were of urine, wounds swabs, burn swabs, vaginal swabs, ear swabs, eye swabs, and sputum. All isolates were identified depending on cultural, morphological, biochemical characteristics, and confirmatory VITEK 2 system. Furthermore, VITEK 2 (antibiotic susceptibility testing) panel was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Proteus isolates, and the results showed that all isolates were entirely resistant to tetracycline and tigecycline (100%), but sensitive to meropenem. Furthermore, the present study reported a case of rare Proteus species – P. hauseri – isolated from a patient with urinary tract infection in Erbil City which characterized by no swarming on blood agar.
Seasonal variations in the abundance of virus-like particles and bacteria in the floodwater of a Japanese paddy field

Abstract Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in marine and freshwater environments. Many studies have shown the ecological importance of viruses in the primary production and microbial food web in aquatic environments. However, no studies have examined viral abundance in the floodwater of paddy fields. The present study surveyed the abundance of virus-like particles (VLPs) and bacteria in the floodwater of a Japanese paddy field under a long-term fertilizer trial since 1925 during the rice cultivation period. Virus-like particles and bacterial abundances in the floodwater ranged from 5.6 × 106 to 1.2 × 109 VLPs mL−1 and from 9.2 × 105 to 4.3 × 108 cells mL−1 with mean abundances of 1.5 × 108 VLPs mL−1 and 5.1 × 107 cells mL−1, respectively, and increased with an increase in the turbidity of the floodwater with suspended particles. The magnitude of seasonal variation was more than 50-fold for VLP abundance and 100-fold for bacterial abundance. The virus-to-bacterium ratios fluctuated over the rice cultivation period, ranging from 0.11 to 72 and their increase correlated with the decrease in bacterial abundance. Our results suggest that viral abundance in the floodwater of paddy fields is larger than in natural marine and freshwater environments.
Effects of high pH on a natural marine planktonic community

A natural planktonic community was incubated for 2 wk to study its response to differ- ent levels of pH, ranging from 8 to 9.5. A general increase in phytoplankton biomass was observed over time in the pH 8 to 9 incubations. In the pH 9.5 incubation, the phytoplankton biomass decreased close to detection limit during the first week; however, at the termination of the experi- ment, the initial biomass level was regained. In the pH 8 and 8.5 incubations, the diatoms Cerataulina pelagica, Cylindrotheca closterium and Leptocylindrus minimus became numerous, whereas in the pH 9 and 9.5 incubations, C. closterium solely made up the diatom biomass at the termination of the experiment. Photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the genus Ceratium, which were initially abundant, did not grow well in any of the incubations, probably due to the low nutrient concentrations. The proto- zooplankton biomass increased over time in the pH 8 to 9 incubations. In the pH 9.5 incubation, the protozooplankton biomass decreased close to detection limit during the first 3 d of the experiment and stayed at that level until the termination of the experiment. The biomass increase found in the pH 8 to 9 incubations was due to an increase in the number of ciliates, because the heterotrophic dinoflagellate number remained almost constant. Most protozooplankton species incubated at pH 9.5 died; however, the ciliate Myrionecta rubra survived at almost the same cell number as in the lower pH incubations. Overall a species succession occurred among both phototrophic and heterotrophic protists when pH approached 9. In the pH 9.5 incubation, the number of different protist taxa was reduced from 34 at the start of the experiment to 10 at the termination of the experiment. In conclu- sion, our study indicates that elevated pH (>9) in nature will affect the entire plankton community mainly by reducing the species richness and by favouring algal blooms due to loss of grazing.
Field‐based experimental evolution of three cereal pathogens using a mark–release–recapture strategy

Field-based experimental evolution is a research approach in which study species are allowed to evolve across several generations under well-defined field conditions. Field-based experiments in pathogen evolution became feasible with advances in molecular markers and computing technologies. Critical to success of these experiments is the choice of parental genotypes, molecular markers, experimental sites and field plot design. The current study used field-based experimental evolution based on a mark–release–recapture strategy to analyse the dynamics of interstrain competition and host specialization in the cereal pathogens Zymoseptoria tritici, Phaeosphaeria nodorum and Rhynchosporium commune. In all three pathogen–plant interactions, compelling evidence was found indicating that increasing host heterogeneity by growing cultivar mixtures slowed down the evolution of the corresponding pathogen populations. Evidence for differential selection between parasitic and saprophytic phases of the life cycle in P. nodorum and R. commune was also found. The effect of partial resistance on the evolution of the experimental pathogen populations was mixed. A decreased rate of evolution was found in the pathogen populations sampled from partially resistant hosts in Z. tritici and P. nodorum but not R. commune. The findings indicate that field-based experimental evolution offers a powerful approach to test hypotheses associated with the evolution of plant pathogens.
Ultrastructural localization of proacrosin and acrosin in ram spermatozoa

Proacrosin and acrosin were localized immunocytochemically at the electron microscope level in ram spermatozoa undergoing an ionophore-induced acrosome reaction. Antigenicity was preserved after fixation with 0.5% w/v ethyl-(dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodimide, and an antibody preparation was used that reacted with all major forms of ram acrosin. All stages of the acrosome reaction could be observed in a single preparation. At the earliest stage, labeling was observed throughout the acrosomal contents, which were just beginning to disperse. As dispersal proceeded, labeling diminished, being associated only with visible remnants of the acrosomal matrix. By the time the acrosome had emptied, almost no labeling could be detected on the inner acrosomal membrane. The relationship between matrix dispersal and proacrosin activation was studied in isolated ram sperm heads. While proacrosin was prevented from activating, the acrosomal matrix remained compact; but as activation proceeded, the matrix decondensed and dispersed in close parallel. By the time proacrosin activation was complete, the acrosomal contents had almost entirely disappeared. We conclude that proacrosin is distributed throughout the acrosomal contents as an intrinsic constituent of the acrosomal matrix. During the acrosome reaction, proacrosin activation occurs, resulting directly in decondensation of the matrix. All the contents of the acrosome including acrosin disperse and, by the time the acrosome is empty and the acrosomal cap is lost, only occasional traces of acrosin remain on the inner acrosomal membrane. Since the acrosomal cap is normally lost during the earliest stages of zona penetration, acrosin's role in fertilization is unclear: it does not appear to be a zona lysin bound to the inner acrosomal membrane.
Double bonded Cooper-Naghdi micro sandwich cylindrical shells with porous core and CNTRC face sheets: Wave propagation solution

In this paper, wave propagation of double-bonded Cooper-Naghdi micro sandwich cylindrical shells with porous core and carbon nanotube reinforced composite (CNTRC) face sheets are investigated subjected to multi-physical loadings with temperature dependent material properties. The governing equations of motion are derived by Hamilton\'s principle. Then, the influences of various parameters such as wave number, CNT volume fraction, temperature change, Skempton coefficient, material length scale parameter, porosity coefficient on the phase velocity of double-bonded micro sandwich shell are taken into account. It is seen that by increasing of Skempton coefficient, the phase velocity decreases for higher wave number and the results become approximately the constant. Also, by increasing of the material length scale parameter, the cut of frequency increases, because the stiffness of micro structure increases. The obtained results for this article can be used to detect, locate and quantify crack.
Effects of an Oregano Based Dietary Supplement on Performance of Broiler Chickens Experimentally Infected with Eimeria Acervulina and Eimeria Maxima

A study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on the performance of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima at 14 days of age. A total of 375 day-old Cobb-500 male chicks separated into 5 equal groups with three replicates each, were used in this study. Two of the groups, one challenged with 1×105 sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina along with 1×105 sporulated oocysts of E. maxima and the other not, were given a basal diet and served as controls. The other three groups also challenged with combined E. acervulina and E. maxima were administered diets supplemented with oregano essential oil by adding the product OregoStim (containing 5% oregano essential oil) at the levels of 300 or 600mg/kg, and the last group the anticoccidial substance salinomycin at the dosage of 60mg/kg. Following the challenge, survival rate, bloody diarrhea and oocysts excretion, as well as intestinal lesion score were all determined. Throughout the experimental period that lasted 35 days, body weight gain and feed intake were weekly recorded, and feed conversion ratios were calculated. The results showed that dietary oregano oil supplementation in both oregano supplemented groups, attained body weight gains and feed conversion ratios not differing (p>0.05) to those of the non-challenged group or the salinomycin group. The challenged control presented lower (p>0.05) performance than those of the other groups for the consecutive three weeks after the challenge. These performance parameters along with lesion scoring indicated that oregano essential oil exerted an anticoccidial effect against E. acervulina and E. maxima, comparable to salinomycin.
Melatonin in aging and neurodegeneration

Melatonin, a hormone secreted during darkness, plays a key role in various physiological responses including regulation of circadian rhythms, sleep homeostasis, retinal neuromodulation, and vasoactivity. Its neuroprotective properties, as well as regulatory effects on circadian disturbances, revalorize melatonin's benefits as a therapeutic substance in symptomatic treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD) with its complex neuropathological changes and clinical symptoms related to circadian rhythm alterations. This brief review summarizes the current state of melatonin research with emphasis on its neuroprotective role in neurodegeneration, particularly with regard to melatonin's putative effects in the disease process of AD. Drug Dev. Res. 56:482–490, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sterinzusammensetzung und Steringehalt in 41 verschiedenen pflanzlichen und tierischen Fetten

Die Sterinzusammensetzung und der Steringehalt wurden in 41 verschiedenen pflanzlichen und tierischen Fetten untersucht. Kapillarsaulen ergaben erheblich bessere Trennungen als gepackte Saulen, Wodurch besonders die Minorkomponenten besser erfast werden konnten. Die Steringehaltsbestimmung wurde gaschromatographisch mit Betulin als innerem Standard durchgefuhrt. Parallelversuche mit der enzymatischen Methode zeigten, das diese be Fetten mit einem hohen Δ 7-Steringehalt zu niedrige Werte liefert. Composition and Content of Sterols in 41 Different Vegetable and Animals Fats Composition and content of sterols were investigated in 41 different vegetable and animal fats. Capillary columns showed significantly better separations than packed columns. Thus, especially the minor components could be better detected. The determination of the sterol content was carried out by betulin as internal standard by gaschromatography. Parallel tests with the enzymatic method showed that this method produces too low values if the fats have a high Δ 7-sterol content.
Career Management and Employees’ Commitment in the Tele-communication Industry in Kenya

Assessing workforce attitude is a business imperative. Committed and engaged employees are invaluable assets to an organization as high levels of employee commitment and engagement promote retention of talent, foster customer loyalty, and improve organizational performance and stakeholder value. The development of employees for future positions enables organizations to develop and place employees in positions compatible with their individual career interests, needs, and goals. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of career management on employee commitment in the tele-communication industry in Kenya. The study adopted a mixed research design. The study targeted all the telecommunication branches in Mt. Kenya Region that are managed by the shop manager being the top most managers in the branch. The researcher collected primary data using structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using inferential statistics and processed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22, multiple regression analysis was used to establish the relations between the independent and dependent variables. Chi-square was used to test the hypothesis and was based on the alpha level or the significance level. Research findings were presented in form of tables, graphs, and charts. The study found that career management enables employers to identify talented employees at all functional levels of the organization and this helps them to identify options and requirements for career advancement to assist employees advance their professional growth and take on new responsibilities. Failure to recognize employee’s performance leads to de-motivation and this contributes to high labor turn over in organizations. The study concludes that a clear career path for employees on how they can meet their personal ambitions is paramount as they try to realize corporate goals. The study also concludes that career management is not an end in itself but a continuous process of developing human resources for achieving optimum results. The study therefore concludes that organizations with effective career management practices have employees who contribute greater discretion effort. The study recommends that organizations should focus more on employee engagement as a part of career pathing as it helps to create an effective career development strategy within the organization, and this engagement helps employees to transition into new roles and are therefore motivated leading to greater employee commitment.