Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applications of an Updated Atmospheric Energetics Formulation

As observations and atmospheric reanalyses have improved, the diagnostics that can be computed with confidence also increase. Accordingly, a new formulation of the energetics of the atmosphere is laid out, with a view to advancing diagnostic studies of Earth’s energy budget and flows. It is utilized to produce assessments of the vertically integrated divergences in both the atmosphere and ocean. Careful conservation of mass is required, with special attention given to the hydrological cycle and redistribution of mass associated with precipitation and evaporation, and a new method for ensuring this is developed. It guarantees that the atmospheric divergence is associated with moisture and precipitation, unlike previous methods. A new term, identified as associated with the enthalpy of precipitation, is included in a preliminary way. It is sensitive to the formulation, and the use of temperature in degrees Celsius instead of Kelvin greatly reduces errors and produces the extra term with values up to about ±5 W m−2. New results for 2000 to 2016 are presented for the vertical-mean and annual-mean diabatic atmospheric heating, atmospheric moistening, and total atmospheric energy divergence. Results for the atmospheric divergence are combined with top-of-atmosphere radiation observations to deduce total surface energy fluxes. Along with estimates of changes in ocean heat content, the Atlantic Ocean meridional heat transports are recomputed for March 2000 through 2013. The new results are compared with previous estimates and an assessment is made of the effects of the new mass balance, change in temperature scale, and the extra precipitation enthalpy term.
Effects of Heme Oxygenase-1 Upregulation on Blood Pressure and Cardiac Function in an Animal Model of Hypertensive Myocardial Infarction

In this study, we evaluate the effect of HO-1 upregulation on blood pressure and cardiac function in the new model of infarct spontaneous hypertensive rats (ISHR). Male spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) at 13 weeks (n = 40) and age-matched male Wistar (WT) rats (n = 20) were divided into six groups: WT (sham + normal saline (NS)), WT (sham + Co(III) Protoporphyrin IX Chloride (CoPP)), SHR (myocardial infarction (MI) + NS), SHR (MI + CoPP), SHR (MI + CoPP + Tin Mesoporphyrin IX Dichloride (SnMP)), SHR (sham + NS); CoPP 4.5 mg/kg, SnMP 15 mg/kg, for six weeks, one/week, i.p., n = 10/group. At the sixth week, echocardiography (UCG) and hemodynamics were performed. Then, blood samples and heart tissue were collected. Copp treatment in the SHR (MI + CoPP) group lowered blood pressure, decreased infarcted area, restored cardiac function (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fraction shortening (LVFS), +dp/dtmax, (−dp/dtmax)/left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP)), inhibited cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular enlargement (downregulating left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) and heart weight/body weight (HW/BW)), lowered serum CRP, IL-6 and Glu levels and increased serum TB, NO and PGI2 levels. Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that HO-1 expression was elevated in the SHR (MI + CoPP) group, while co-administration with SnMP suppressed the benefit functions mentioned above. In conclusion, HO-1 upregulation can lower blood pressure and improve post-infarct cardiac function in the ISHR model. These functions may be involved in the inhibition of inflammation and the ventricular remodeling process and in the amelioration of glucose metabolism and endothelial dysfunction.
Skew Bounded Buffer Tree Resynthesis For Clock Power Optimization

With aggressive technology scaling in nanometer regime, a significant fraction of dynamic power is consumed in the clock network due to its high switching activity. Clock networks are typically synthesized and routed to optimize for zero clock skew. However, clock skew optimization is often accompanied with routing overhead which increases the clock net capacitance thereby consuming more power. In this paper, we propose a skew bounded buffer tree resynthesis algorithm to optimize clock net capacitance after the clock network has been synthesized and routed. Our algorithm restricts the skew of the designs within a specified margin from its original skew, and does not introduce any additional Design Rule Check (DRC) violation. Experimental results on industrial designs, with clock networks synthesized and routed by an industrial tool, have demonstrated that our approach can achieve an average reduction of 5.6% and 3.5% in clock net capacitance and clock dynamic power respectively with a marginal overhead in the clock skew.
Asbestos exposure predicts cell cycle control gene promoter methylation in pleural mesothelioma

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rapidly fatal tumor with increasing incidence worldwide responsible for many thousands of deaths annually. Although there is a clear link between exposure to asbestos and mesothelioma, and asbestos is known to be both clastogenic and cytotoxic to mesothelial cells, the mechanisms of causation of MPM remain largely unknown. However, there is a rapidly emerging literature that describes inactivation of a diverse array of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) via promoter DNA CpG methylation in MPM, although the etiology of these alterations remains unclear. We studied the relationships among promoter methylation silencing, asbestos exposure, patient demographics and tumor histology using a directed approach; examining six cell cycle control pathway TSGs in an incident case series of 70 MPMs. Promoter hypermethylation of APC, CCND2, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, HPPBP1 and RASSF1 were assessed. We observed significantly higher lung asbestos body burden if any of these cell cycle genes were methylated (P < 0.02), and there was a significant trend of increasing asbestos body counts as the number of methylated cell cycle pathway genes increased from 0 to 1 to >1 (P < 0.005). This trend of increasing asbestos body count and increasing number of methylated cell cycle pathway genes remained significant (P < 0.05) after controlling for age, gender and tumor histology. These data suggest a novel tumorigenic mechanism of action of asbestos and may contribute to the understanding of precisely how asbestos exposure influences the etiology and clinical course of malignant mesothelioma.
Robust Estimation of Voice Quality Parameters Under Realworld Disturbances

This paper investigates the influence of different types of disturbances to the estimation of voice quality parameters. Here, voice quality is not only based on the pitch or pitch contour as in many approaches. The parameters are estimated by spectral gradients of the vocal tract compensated speech signal. We present a set of five parameters for describing the voice quality. They are used to distinguish between gender, voice qualities, and many emotional states of the speaker. We estimate them from speech signals which are corrupted by background noise and room reverberation. The paper demonstrates a certain degree of robustness of the voice quality parameters against these real world disturbances
Ergonomic evaluation of a wearable assistive device for overhead work

Overhead work is an important risk factor for upper extremity (UE) musculoskeletal disorders. We examined the potential of a mechanical arm and an exoskeletal vest as a wearable assistive device (WADE) for overhead work. Twelve participants completed 10 minutes of simulated, intermittent overhead work, using each of three payloads (1.1, 3.4 and 8.1 kg) and with/without the WADE. Ratings of perceived discomfort (RPDs) and electromyography (EMG) were obtained for the upper arms, shoulders and low back. Using the WADE, UE RPDs decreased by ∼50% with the heavier payloads, whereas smaller (∼25%) and non-significant increases in low-back RPDs were found and were relatively independent of payload. Changes in RPDs with WADE use were consistent with physical demands indicated by EMG, though EMG-based differences in fatigue were less apparent. Participants generally preferred using the WADE, particularly with heavier payloads. These results supported the potential utility of a WADE as an intervention for overhead work. Practitioner Summary: A wearable assistive device for overhead work reduced physical demands on the upper extremity and had high acceptance, though some evidence suggested increased demands at the low back. While some design needs were found and field-testing is needed, this may be a useful practical intervention.
An agent-based approach to the construction of floristic digital libraries

This paper describes an agent-assisted approach to the construction of floristic digital libraries, which consist of very large botanical data repositories and related services. We propose an environment, termed Chrysalis, in which authors of plant morphologic descriptions can enter data into a digital library via a web-based editor. An agent that runs concurrently with the editor suggests potentially useful morphologic descriptions based on similar documents existing in the library. Benefits derived from the introduction of Chrysalis include reduced potential for errors and data inconsistencies, increased parallelism among descriptions, and considerable savings in the time regularly spent in visually checking for parallelism and manually editing data.
On the intergration of spatial datasets in Geodetic Science

This thesis is concerned with the development of advanced data integration techniques and mechanisms that are particularly suitable for applications in geodetic science. More specifically, it concentrates on the integration of spatial datasets fi"om different knowledge sources including directly collected data from various sensors and indirectly derived information. Two integration formalisms, namely, least-squares based fusion and Bayesian based fusion, have been identified and studied in this study. In the least-squares based approach, various types of filters including Kalman filtering and its variants have been described for the purpose o f integrating data from a dynamic surveying system equipped with GPS and INS. In order to develop some sorts of self-diagnosis procedure in a data integration system, the robustified filters and the data diagnosis techniques have been developed, too. In the Bayesian based formalism, the Bayesian estimation theory and Bayesian belief networks have been introduced as another mechanism to integrate data from different knowledge sources. Based on Bayes’ rule and Bayesian belief networks, a methodology for matching two spatial datasets has been proposed. The proposed methodology has been successfully used to integrate two digital map databases from different soimces for the purpose of map conflation as well as to match two digital images for the purpose of image matching. To demonstrate the concept, theory and methodology established in this research, a prototype integration system has been designed and implemented for conflating two digital road databases in digital cartography and for matching two digital images in digital photogrammetry. To My Parents, My Wife and Children
Dynamic land use change simulation using cellular automata with spatially nonstationary transition rules

The dynamic relationships between land use change and its driving forces vary spatially and can be identified by geographically weighted regression (GWR). We present a novel cellular automata (GWR-CA) model that incorporates GWR-derived spatially varying relationships to simulate land use change. Our GWR-CA model is characterized by spatially nonstationary transition rules that fully address local interactions in land use change. More importantly, each driving factor in our GWR model contains effects that both promote and resist land use change. We applied GWR-CA to simulate rapid land use change in Suzhou City on the Yangtze River Delta from 2000 to 2015. The GWR coefficients were visualized to highlight their spatial patterns and local variation, which are closely associated with their effects on land use change. The transition rules indicate low land conversion potential in the city’s center and outer suburbs, but higher land conversion potential in the inner near suburbs along the belt expressway. Residual statistics show that GWR fits the input data better than logistic regression (LR). Compared with an LR-based CA model, GWR-CA improves overall accuracy by 4.1% and captures 5.5% more urban growth, suggesting that GWR-CA may be superior in modeling land use change. Our results demonstrate that the GWR-CA model is effective in capturing spatially varying land transition rules to produce more realistic results, and is suitable for simulating land use change and urban expansion in rapidly urbanizing regions.
Renal Baroreceptor Control of Acute Renin Release in Normotensive, Nephrogenic and Neurogenic Hypertensive Dogs

Graded reductions in mean renal perfusion pressure cause kidneys of normotensive, renal, and neurogenic hypertensive dogs to release renin. In anesthetized normal dogs with mean resting pressures of 110 to 150 mm Hg, increased renin secretion occurred at renal perfusion pressures of 90 to 120 mm Hg. In dogs hypertensive from constriction of a renal artery, pressure beyond the constriction was within the normal range, and lowering of renal perfusion pressure caused release in the same range as in normal dogs. In dogs with neurogenic hypertension due to section of the carotid sinus and aortic depressor nerves, return was released at perfusion pressures within, or only slightly above, the normal range. In sharp contrast with these three groups, renin was released in dogs with hypertension due to perinephritis at mean pressures of 140 to 165 mm Hg when lowered from resting levels of 180 to 220 mm Hg. This different range could depend either upon reduced intrarenal pressure which mimicks the effects of a renal artery clamp or upon a change in range of response of the renal baroreceptor due to some more direct effect of the perinephritic hull. No evidence was found that the renal baroreceptor control of renin secretion is nonfunctional in dogs with renal hypertension.
A goodness-of-fit test based on the Beran estimator

In this paper a new goodness-of-fit test based on the Beran estimator and Kolmogorov type statistic is introduced. The nonparametric Beran estimator allows estimating the conditional reliability function, and it can be used for testing goodness-of-fit hypothesis. The proposed test allows checking the hypothesis of goodness-of-fit of a parametric regression model. The power of the proposed test has been studied in comparison with the classical goodness-of-fit tests applied to the samples of residuals. It has been shown, that the test, based on the Beran estimator, is more preferable, when the alternative hypothesis corresponds to some different specification of the regression model.
A rank test based approach to order estimation. I. 2-D AR models application

In system identification and parametric spectral estimation by two-dimensional (2-D) autoregressive (AR) and 2-D autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models, the order selection problem is often required. In this correspondence, we show that the information of 2-D AR model order is implicitly contained in a correlation matrix. An algorithm for 2-D quarter-plane AR model order determination is proposed. Numerical simulations are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed singular value decomposition (SVD) based algorithm.
General synthetic domain theory – a logical approach

Synthetic domain theory (SDT) is a version of Domain Theory where ‘all functions are continuous’. Following the original suggestion of Dana Scott, several approaches to SDT have been developed that are logical or categorical, axiomatic or model-oriented in character and that are either specialised towards Scott domains or aim at providing a general theory axiomatising the structure common to the various notions of domains studied so far. In Reus and Streicher (1993), Reus (1995) and Reus (1998), we have developed a logical and axiomatic version of SDT, which is special in the sense that it captures the essence of Domain Theory à la Scott but rules out, for example, Stable Domain Theory, as it requires order on function spaces to be pointwise. In this article we will give a logical and axiomatic account of a general SDT with the aim of grasping the structure common to all notions of domains. As in loc.cit. , the underlying logic is a sufficiently expressive version of constructive type theory. We start with a few basic axioms giving rise to a core theory on top of which we study various notions of predomains (such as, for example, complete and well-complete S-spaces (Longley and Simpson 1997)), define the appropriate notion of domain and verify the usual induction principles of domain theory. Although each domain carries a logically definable ‘specialization order’, we avoid order-theoretic notions as much as possible in the formulation of axioms and theorems. The reason is that the order on function spaces cannot be required to be pointwise, as this would rule out the model of stable domains à la Berry. The consequent use of logical language – understood as the internal language of some categorical model of type theory – avoids the irritating coexistence of the internal and the external view pervading purely categorical approaches. Therefore, the paper is aimed at providing an elementary introduction to synthetic domain theory, albeit requiring some knowledge of basic type theory.
A COMPARISON OF AUTOIMMUNE PHENOMENA IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA AND CHRONIC ATROPHIC GASTRITIS.

THE essential lesion in adult pernicious anemia is a lack of production of intrinsic factor that is invariably associated with chronic atrophic gastritis or gastric atrophy. The gastric lesion, however, is structurally not specific for pernicious anemia; there is good evidence that absorption of vitamin B12 may be within the normal range, or only slightly impaired, in cases in which the gastric lesion is histologically indistinguishable from that seen in pernicious anemia. In such patients, observed for some years, the development of pernicious anemia is uncommon.1 2 3 These findings have suggested a basic qualitative difference between pernicious anemia and atrophic .
In situ nitrogen management in landfill bioreactors using combined sharon and anammox processes

Landfill bioreactors (LFBR) are gaining significant attention as sustainable alternative for conventional landfilling. Nitrogen management is an important issue in landfill bioreactors. The present study is to establish the combined SHARON (single reactor system for high activity ammonia removal over nitrite) and ANAMMOX (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) processes in landfill bioreactors for in situ nitrogen management. Laboratory scale landfill bioreactors (43 L volume capacity) as SHARON-ANAMMOX LFBR were loaded with mined municipal solid waste operated for 147 days at a nitrogen loading rate of 1.2 kg N/m 3 /d. The results showed a nitrogen removal efficiency of 84% with maximum partial nitritation efficiency of 56% and specific ANAMMOX activity of 0.7 mg Amm-N/mg MLVSS/d was achieved in the LFBR. Nitrogen transformations, biomass development and, hydrazine and hydroxylamine formation authenticated the aerobic ammonium oxidising bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonium oxidising bacteria (AnAOB/ANAMMOX) activities responsible for combined SHARON-ANAMMOX processes in LFBR. 99% of the biogas in LFBR as N2 the end product confirmed the combined SHARON-ANAMMOX processes. The study successfully demonstrated the combined SHARON-ANAMMOX processes for in situ nitrogen management in landfill bioreactors with shorter start-up time and stable operation.
Ieee Transactions on Communications, Accepted for Publication Effect of Channel Noise on Blind Equalization and Carrier Phase Recovery of Cma and Mma

—This work investigates the effect of channel noise on the performances of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA), the multimodulus algorithm (MMA), and a phase tracker (PT), following the CMA for carrier phase recovery, when various symmetrical two-dimensional complex-valued source constellations are used. The contributions of this work are twofold. First, a generalized formulation of the relocation of stationary points toward the origin owing to channel noise is derived for both the CMA and the MMA, allowing their sensitivity to channel noise to be explicitly compared when various constellations are used. Second, the curvatures of the error surface at the stationary points in both the radial and the angular directions are reduced in a way that is linearly proportional to the square of the distances between the stationary points and the origin as the stationary points of the CMA and the MMA relocate toward the origin in the presence of additive channel noise. The reduction of the error surface curvature in the radial direction reduces the rate of blind equalization convergence, whereas the reduction in the angular direction degrades the capacity for carrier phase recovery.
Object shape and reflectance modeling from observation

An object model for computer graphics applications should contain two aspects of information: shape and reflectance properties of the object. A number of techniques have been developed for modeling object shapes by observing real objects. In contrast, attempts to model reflectance properties of real objects have been rather limited. In most cases, modeled reflectance properties are too simple or too complicated to be used for synthesizing realistic images of the object.
The notification collage: posting information to public and personal displays

The Notification Collage (NC) is a groupware system where distributed and co-located colleagues comprising a small community post media elements onto a real-time collaborative surface that all members can see. Akin to collages of information found on public bulletin boards, NC randomly places incoming elements onto this surface. People can post assorted media: live video from desktop cameras; editable sticky notes; activity indicator; slide shows displaying a series of digital photos, snapshots of a person's digitial desktop, and Web page thumbnails. User experiences show that NC becomes a rich resource for awareness and collaboration. Community members indicate their presence to others by posting live video. They regularly act on this information by engaging in text and video conversations. Because all people can overhear conversations, these become active opportunities to join in. People also post items they believe will be interesting to others, such as desktop snapshots and vacation photos. Finally, people use NC somewhat differently when it is displayed on a large public screen than when it appears on a personal computer.
Bayesian Restoration Using a New Nonstationary Edge-Preserving Image Prior

In this paper, we propose a class of image restoration algorithms based on the Bayesian approach and a new hierarchical spatially adaptive image prior. The proposed prior has the following two desirable features. First, it models the local image discontinuities in different directions with a model which is continuous valued. Thus, it preserves edges and generalizes the on/off (binary) line process idea used in previous image priors within the context of Markov random fields (MRFs). Second, it is Gaussian in nature and provides estimates that are easy to compute. Using this new hierarchical prior, two restoration algorithms are derived. The first is based on the maximum a posteriori principle and the second on the Bayesian methodology. Numerical experiments are presented that compare the proposed algorithms among themselves and with previous stationary and non stationary MRF-based with line process algorithms. These experiments demonstrate the advantages of the proposed prior