Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate Change Does Not Affect Protandry in Seven Passerines in North America

Abstract Recent studies have suggested climate change could amplify the differences between arrival dates of male and female passerines. We investigated the generality of this finding and additional questions related to protandry by analyzing 32 years of banding data for seven species of migratory passerines. Six species exhibited significant protandry with males arriving on average between 2 and 6 days earlier than females. Only Baltimore Orioles (Icterus galbula) did not have significant differences between average arrival dates of males and females. The magnitude of protandry did not change in response to warming spring temperatures during the period of study, and none of the ecological variables examined explained variation in the amount of protandry. Males of all species studied were significantly larger than females. However, the magnitude of size difference also did not explain the amount of protandry observed. Arrival dates of males and females within each species tended to follow similar trends over time and sex ratios did not change over time for any species. Changes in sex ratios of Mourning Warblers (Geothlypis philadelphia)–more females in warmer years—however, were significantly related to mean temperature in the year of migration. Protandry may remain fairly consistent as the climate changes, although further research is needed to test the generality of this pattern.
PRODUÇÃO DE COUVE-BRÓCOLO EM FUNÇÃO DO TIPO DE BANDEJA E IDADE DAS MUDAS Broccoli production in function of container type and seedling age

The experiment was carried out from March to August 2005, at FCA/UNESP in Sao Manuel, Sao Paulo State. The purpose of the present research was to study the effects of type of extended polystyrene trays with 128 and 200 cells and seedling ages of 32, 39, 46 and 53 days after sowing at transplanting in the production of broccoli Legacy . The experimental outline was in randomized blocks, with eight replications. Head weight and diameter and leave number per plant were evaluated. It was observed that container type and seedlings age didn t influence the head weight and diameter and the leave number per plant.
Effects of sugarcane residue and green manure practices in sugarcane-ratoon-wheat sequence on productivity, soil fertility and soil biological properties

In a field experiment conducted during 2002 to 2004 in silty clay loam soil at Pantnagar, India, treatment of trash burning + Sesbania aculeata green manure (GM) incorporation gave the highest increases of 50.6 and 17.7% in ratoon cane yield and 15.0 and 19.4% in wheat grain yield over trash removal and trash burning treatments, respectively. Soil organic C and available N after ratoon and wheat crops were highest with trash removal + GM incorporation and available P and K with trash removal + GM mulch. The different treatments of trash and GM management were also superior to trash removal and trash burning in organic C and available N and P in soil at termination of the study. Soil microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase activity at the end were at a maximum with trash burning + GM mulch and trash removal + GM mulch treatments, respectively. Compared to trash removal and trash burning, counts of bacteria in soil after ratoon and wheat crops were significantly more only with different GM treatments; however, all GM and trash application treatments recorded significantly higher counts of fungi and actinomycetes. Irrespective of the treatments, population of total bacteria in soil decreased, while that of fungi and actinomycetes increased as compared to their initial counts following sugarcane-ratoon-wheat sequence.
Growth of Tagged American Lobsters, Homarus americanus, in the Bay of Fundy

Sphyrion-tagged lobsters recaptured in the Bay of Fundy during 1977–80 yielded mean annual molt increment and molt probability data for male and female lobsters of 60–171 mm carapace length from which growth curves were calculated. In addition, a multiple regression model was used to generate growth curves from premolt size, number of molt periods lobsters were exposed to, and growth increment data for 850 tagged lobsters at liberty for 1–5 yr. Von Bertalanffy parameters were calculated from these empirical growth curves, which suggest that lobsters take 20–35 yr from time of hatching to reach 200 mm carapace length in the Bay of Fundy. Analysis of pleopods indicated that the majority of lobsters molt during August–October each year. Growth per molt of immature (60–94 mm carapace length) and mature (95–170 mm carapace length) male and immature female lobsters was arithmetic (regression slope 1.04) but was regressive for mature females (slope 0.95). Mature lobsters molted less frequently than immature lobs.
Seventy-year changes in tree species composition and tree ages in state-owned forests in Latvia

Abstract During the last 100 years, forest management in Latvia has gradually become more and more focused on industrial logging, which can be expected to have affected the tree species composition and age distribution across the landscape. These changes need to be considered in forest management and conservation of biological diversity. The aim of the study was to use forest records to reconstruct the tree species composition and age distribution in the North Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve in northern Latvia for the period, 1929–1941. These data were compared to a data-set from 2008, to determine the changes that transpired during a period of intensification of forest management. The silvicultural methods in the 1920–1941 period were based mostly on natural regeneration of logged stands. This led to succession to birch on harvested spruce stands and can explain the relatively large cover of mature birch stands today. After 1960, forest management was directed on conifer monocultures, and thus spruce stands today predominantly have age <50 years. An age class >150 years is almost absent for all species, and conservation should be directed to adding a portion of old forests to the protection network, and in maintaining the spatial continuity of overmature deciduous stands.
Variação anual de características morfológicas e da temperatura de superfície do pelame de vacas da raça Holandesa em ambiente semiárido

This work aimed to study the annual variation of temperature of the coat surface and other traits of coat in Holstein cows managed in a tropical environment by separately considering black coat and white coat. It was measured the coat thickness (mm) characteristic, hair length (mm), hair number (hair/cm2) and coat surface temperature on 191 crossbred cows with 7/8 and 31/32 Holstein composition distributed in 3 herds in a semi-arid environment. Less dense coats with shorter, flattened hair occurred predominantly in March, a time coinciding to high levels of solar radiation. This type of coat shows low resistance to the flux of latent and sensitive heat through the skin, thus favoring heat loss. The black coat surface temperature was on average 4oC higher than that of the white one during all the year and its variation followed that of the mean radiant temperature. The models developed to predict the effective thermal conductivity of the coat must take these differences into account because the thermal gradient parallel to the skin surface is not negligible for Holstein cows under the sun in a tropical environment, as well as the other traits.
Individual and population parameters of Carex pilosa Scop. (Cyperaceae) in four forest sites in Western Carpathians (Slovakia)

The sedge Carex pilosa Scop. was studied in beech forest sites situated on 470 m a.s. l. (Kremnické Vrchy Mts), 1290 m a.s. l. (Poľana Mts), 1275 m a.s. l. (Vtáčnik Mts) and 1170 m a.s. l. (Veľká Fatra Mts) in the Western Carpathians (Central Slovakia). The degree of leaf necrotisation was considerably lower in site Kremnické Vrchy Mts. The shortest mean length of shoots was observed in the Poľana Mts (27.3 cm) and the Kremnické Vrchy Mts (36.6 cm), i.e. in forest sites with lack of light in herb layer, the longest in the Veľká Fatra Mts (43.1 cm) and the Vtáčnik Mts (48.8 cm) with looser canopy of forest stands. The mean density of shoots (222> 211> 181> 26 per 1m2), aboveground weight of a one shoot (0.386> 0.345> 0.303> 0.166 g), phytomass (85.7> 72.8> 54.8> 6.2 g m–2) and energy storage (1669.4> 1326.5> 1052.8> 119.1 kJm–2) of Carex pilosa populations decreased in the following order according the sites: Vtáčnik Mts> Kremnické Vrchy Mts> Veľká Fatra Mts> Poľana Mts. Different sequence was in case of the mean energy content: Vtáčnik Mts> Poľana Mts> Veľká Fatra Mts> Kremnické Vrchy Mts. Significant differences in mean shoot length were found between Carex pilosa population growing in lowest site (Kremnické Vrchy Mts) and populations growing in highest sites (Vtáčnik Mts, Veľká Fatra Mts) with different climatic conditions. The energy content was distinctively higher in the case of the highest situated plots (19.21–19.48 kJ g–1) in comparison with the lowest situated site at the Kremnické Vrchy Mts (18.22 kJ g–1). The insignificant differences were found only between the Poľana Mts and Veľká Fatra Mts plots. Differences in the mean shoot weight were insignificant.
Management of isolated distal deep vein thrombosis. A persistent conundrum?

Isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (IDDVT) accounts for approximately 50% of all patients diagnosed with DVT. While the definitive management of patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis is fairly well defined, IDDVT remains shrouded uncertainty. The great majority of patients with IDDVT may remain with little or no symptoms and have spontaneous resolution of the thrombi. However, a small but significant fraction may show proximal thrombus extension and may proceed to cause pulmonary embolism or late deep venous reflux. Identification of this subgroup of patients with IDDVT who have a greater propensity for thrombus extension or further sequelae remains the cornerstone of individualized management for optimal results.
Parasitism of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg, 1895 (Siluriformes, Clariidae) by monogeneans in a dense tropical humid forest (Southern Cameroon-Africa) gives more arguments for fish quarantine in breeding using native species

Clarias camerunensis is a potential catfish for farming in Cameroon. In order to assess the parasitism of its monogeneans as a function of season and standard lengh, a study was conducted from April 2017 to April 2018 in Lep Mōōga stream, of the Nyong river watershed (Southern Cameroon). 179 specimens of C. camerunsis were sampled by angling through 5 consecutive seasons. The Prevalence, density, abundance of adults and larvae of the main Monogenean species as well as the condition coefficient K and gonadosomatic index of the female C. camerunensis were calculated. The prevalence of the adult Quadriacanthus sp. remained equal to or greater than 85% during this study. Its abundance was low and did not show any clear profile pattern; however, its variation peaked during the rainy season. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) and condition factor (K) of female C. camerunensis evolved in parallel and showed that this fish lays three times a year, during the short rainy, the short dry and the long rainy seasons. The profile of Quadriacanthus sp. larvae showed that this monogenean breeds all year with two peaks during the short rainy season (when the female hosts lay and are weak fry also are in the environment), and in January when hosts are more concentrated in low water. The physiological condition of the fish gradually improved as they grew, when the parasitic density decreased. To limit monogenean outbreaks in farming, this work recommands that fish caught in the wild should be placed in quarantine and dewormed before being exploited.
Density Effects on Plant Height Growth and Inequality in Sunflower Populations

在竞争和人口表明的非竞争的葵花(向日葵 annuusL ) 之间的比较在植物高度生长， height-to-crownwidth 比率，和一张人口上读了密度的效果“ s 高度不平等。 在现在的学习，高度的 non-destructivemeasurements 和葵花植物的投射王冠区域与 1， 4,16，和 64 plants/m2 的起始的密度在平单音的特定的看台从出现在七次被带去水果成熟。 人口的吝啬的高度与增加种群密度增加了然后减少；uncrowded 人口的高度不平等在看台生长期间减少了，而拥挤的人口的高度不平等首先减少了然后在看台开发期间增加了。 内部在在 uncrowded 人口以内的相对高度生长率和高度之间的单个关系在人口生长期间变得显著地否定，而这些关系首先是否定的然后在拥挤的人口的发展期间变得积极。 在 uncrowded 人口，静电干扰内部单个关系 betweenheight-to-crown 宽度比率和体积是积极的，而为拥挤的人口这些关系与为光增加竞争变得否定。 数据建议到轻竞争的植物高度和 height-to-crown 宽度比率的塑料回答将与增加竞争变得更强烈紧张。 现在的学习的结果为尺寸依赖者的重要性强烈争论个人级的塑料回答由于在在人口高度不平等产生变化的尺寸不对称的轻竞争。
Rye and Triticale as Feedstock for Fuel Ethanol Production

ABSTRACT Normal gravity rye and triticale mashes, containing 20–21 g of dissolved solids per 100 mL of mash liquid, were fermented with active dry yeast at 27°C. Fermentations were completed within 48 hr for rye, and within 72 hr for triticale. Supplementation of mashes with urea at a concentration of 8 mM accelerated rates of sugar consumption and fermentation, and reduced fermentation time from 48 to 36 hr for rye, and from 72 to 48 hr for triticale. Rye fermented faster than triticale, due to its higher level of free amino nitrogen. Ethanol yields were 356–363 L/tonne of 14% moisture rye grain, and 362–367 L/tonne of 14% moisture triticale. Fermentation efficiencies, which were 90–91% for triticale, and 91–93% for rye, and ethanol yields were comparable to those obtained from wheat and were not affected significantly by urea supplementation. The replacement of wheats by less expensive crops such as rye and triticale would provide good economic opportunities and alternatives for the fuel alcohol industry.
Habitat of Adult Smallmouth Bass in a Tennessee River Reservoir

Abstract Over four seasons the movement and distribution of radio-tagged smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) were evaluated relative to water temperature, current velocity, turbidity, surface light intensity, reservoir elevation, bottom contours, substrate, and cover. Water temperatures always were within the range of tolerance by smallmouth bass, but late summer temperatures of 31 C probably reduced movement. Fluctuations in water velocity and reservoir elevation influenced depth distribution and movement of individual fish. Bottom relief was a major variable governing distribution and movement patterns of smallmouth bass. Dropoffs of 30–45° slope from the overbank into the original river channel or inundated creek channels were preferred. Bottom contours influenced both the shape of residence areas and movement pathways outside of residence areas. Smallmouth bass utilized all forms of submerged cover—rocks, stumps, sunken trees, and crevices in hard clay banks—without apparent preference for one type.
FLORAL DEVELOPMENT AND STAMEN FILAMENT ELONGATION IN CLEOME HASSLERIANA

A B S T R A C T Floral development in Cleome hassleriana is briefly described. Experimental evidence is presented supporting the hypothesis that the anthers control stamen filament elongation by supplying IAA rather than kinetin or gibberellic acid. This control depends upon the developmental stage of the bud and does not exclude the effect of other floral organs on stamen filament elongation at early developmental stages. Evidence that the anthers also partially control stamen filament and floral abscission by supplying IAA is given.
Evaluation of proteolytic and physicochemical changes during storage of fresh Panela cheese from Queretaro, Mexico and its impact in texture

Mexican Panela cheeses manufactured with pasteurized cow's milk at a pilot plant scale were analyzed in order to determine the relationship between physicochemical and textural changes during 15-day storage. Changes in hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness were measured by texture profile analysis (TPA). Moisture, pH (superior and inferior rind and center) and total protein were evaluated with official methods. Proteolytic indexes (acid soluble nitrogen (ASN), non-protein nitrogen and 70% ethanol soluble nitrogen (EtOH-SN)) were obtained by selective precipitation and quantified by Kjeldahl method. Organic acids (lactic (LA), propionic (PA) and butyric acid (BA)) quantitation was done by high performance liquid chromatography. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences for all the physicochemical parameters evaluated, but only cohesiveness and springiness showed significant differences in texture parameters. By principal component analysis (PCA) two groups were separated, one from day 1 to 7 and one from day 9 to 15.
Seasonal Activity of Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Annual Bluegrass

Listronotus maculicollis (Dietz) damages annual bluegrass, Poa annua L. , on golf courses, particularly in the metropolitan New York area. Biological studies conducted during 1976–78 on golf-course turf in Westchester County (N.Y.) or Fairfield County (Conn.) included weekly sampling each summer and approximately monthly sampling the remainder of the year. The insect generally overwinters in the adult stage, predominantly in white pine, Pinus strobus L. , litter and other semiprotected areas on or near golf courses. Adults begin leaving their overwintering sites in mid- to late April and begin laying eggs in leaf sheaths in early May. Larvae begin emerging in mid-May, complete their development in mid-June, and pupate. Callow adults are first evident near the end of June. In 1976 and 1977, two complete generations occurred in most locations, and a partial third generation occurred in some locations. The cooler spring of 1978 resulted in only one complete and a partial second generation.
Forage Radish Cover Crop Suppresses Winter Annual Weeds in Fall and Before Corn Planting

Forage radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. longipinnatus) is a new winter cover crop in the Mid-Atlantic region. The objective of this project was to characterize the repeatability, amount, and duration of weed suppression during and after a fall-planted forage radish cover crop and to quantify the subsequent effect on no-till seeded corn (Zea mays L.). Forage radish cover crops were grown in 10 site-years in the coastal plain of Maryland and followed by a corn crop in seven site-years. Forage radish was compared to rye (Secale cereale L.) and no cover crop treatments. Early and typical corn planting dates along with contrasting herbicide management strategies were compared over four site-years. Forage radish produced 3.9 to 6.6 Mg ha -1 of shoot dry matter and 1.3 to 3.2 Mg ha -1 of fleshy root dry matter when planted before 1 September. Forage radish did not reduce population or grain yield in subsequent corn crops. Forage radish provided complete suppression of winter annual weeds in fall and early spring but the suppression did not persist into the subsequent cropping season. When forage radish cover crops were used in place ofpreplant burn-down herbicide treatments to control weeds in early planted corn, some weeds were present at the time of corn emergence but corn yields were not reduced as long as emerged weeds were controlled with a postemergence herbicide. Strategies to use the weed suppression of forage radish cover crops should focus on fall weed suppression and the early spring preplant window of weed control.
STUDIES OF THE COMPOUND EYE OF LYMANTRIA DISPAR (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE) MALES, AND BEHAVIORAL IMPLICATIONS

Abstract Male gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar (L.)) have a superposition compound eye. Electroretinogram (ERG) responses indicate low sensitivity in the ultraviolet region, higher sensitivity from 480 to 590 nm, and essentially no sensitivity in the red region. The microspectrophotometric absorption spectrum of the visual screening pigments shows low absorption in the ultraviolet and red regions and high absorption from 400 to 600 nm. Screening pigments migrate in response to illumination during diurnal activity periods, so the eye acts in the photopic mode. Because these pigments are essentially transparent to ultraviolet wavelengths, the eye may be in effect acting simultaneously in the scotopic mode for these wavelengths.
Properties and function of extensible ligaments in the necks of turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) and other birds

Highly extensible ligaments connect the neural spines of successive vertebrae in the proximal part of the neck in birds. Their elastic properties, and their lengths in different neck positions, have been investigated in experiments on turkeys. Their properties are very similar to those of the ligamentum nuchae of artiodactyls. They are stretched to large strains when the head is lowered but do not develop sufficient force to support the extended head and neck without the aid of muscles.
The Synammia Enigma: Evidence for a Temperate Lineage of Polygrammoid Ferns (Polypodiaceae, Polypodiidae) in Southern South America

Abstract Evidence for a southern South American lineage of polygrammoid ferns was inferred from analyses using four cpDNA markers. The lineage corresponds to the genus Synammia, which has usually been treated as a synonym of the polyphyletic genus Polypodium. Seven specimens of two of the three recognized species were sampled to infer the phylogenetic relationships of this lineage to other polygrammoid ferns and the diversity within this lineage. All approaches found Synammia clearly separated from other polygrammoid ferns, but the exact relationships are still unclear. Model-based methods recovered Synammia as sister to a mainly Neotropical clade of polygrammoid ferns, but support for this hypothesis was provided only by Bayesian inference of phylogeny. The deletion of nearly the whole rps4-trnS IGS is a synapomorphy of Synammia. The lineage is separated from other extant polygrammoid ferns, but very low to zero sequence diversity was found among the seven samples of Synammia. The results strongly support an independent lineage of polygrammoid ferns in southern South America.
Genetic parameters and single versus multi-trait evaluation of udder health traits

Abstract Genetic parameters were estimated for lactation average somatic cell score (SCS) and clinical mastitis (CM) for the first three lactations of multiparous Finnish Ayrshire cows. A multi-trait linear sire model was used for estimation of covariance components, and the efficiencies of single- versus multi-trait multi-lactation (MT) sire evaluations were compared. Heritability of SCS and CM in the first three lactations ranged from 0.11 to 0.13 and 0.02 to 0.03, respectively. Within lactation, genetic correlations between SCS and CM ranged from 0.68 to 0.72. Within both traits, across-lactation genetic correlations were lowest between 1 and 3, and highest between 2 and 3, with estimates ranging from 0.75 to 0.86 and from 0.81 to 0.98 for CM and SCS, respectively. Residual and phenotypic correlations were low and ranged from 0.09 to 0.13 and from 0.10 to 0.13, respectively. The absolute difference between genetic and residual correlations was from 0.5 to 0.6. Within-lactation genetic correlations between traits that are much less than unity suggest a multi-trait model for genetic evaluation of mastitis resistance. Comparison of model prediction performance between single-trait (ST) and MT models using a data splitting method showed that the MT model was more stable in predicting breeding values in future records of animals. Especially, for young sires and CM, the SD of EBVs from the MT model was 14 to 23% higher than the ST model, indicating more effective use of information in terms of revealing more genetic variation.
Cell volume regulation in crustaceans: Relationship between mechanisms for controlling the osmolality of extracellular and intracellular fluids

The control of cell volume in tissues of crustaceans acclimating to salinity changes cannot be ascribed to a single mechanism; it results rather from different processes acting both at the cell level and at the blood level. The mechanisms at work at the cell level are discussed and some possible relations between them and those acting at the blood level are considered. The amino acids leaking out of the cells during cell volume readjustment, following application of hypoosmotic conditions, can be stored in the form of blood proteins. Increased deamination and oxidation of amino acids also occur under such conditions, the products of this increased catabolic activity being used in the gills as counterions for NaCl active uptake.