Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The International Political Thought of Johann

Hugo Grotius had been fairly optimistic that his natural law doctrine would be able to regulate the antagonistic relations between sovereign states. By looking at the arguments of Johann Jacob Schmauss (1690– 1757) and Johann Gottlieb Heineccius (1681– 1741), this chapter scrutinizes the limits of natural law regarding interstate relations. They used classical political or juridical concepts of international political thought – such as interest, balance of power, natural law and history – in their political and philosophical writings. Schmauss and Heineccius were both taught by Christian Thomasius1 and were part of the circle of Thomasius’s disciples at the newly founded University of Halle who shaped and continued the early Enlightenment and natural law project. But they pursued their writings and teaching in different directions. Schmauss belonged to the great eighteenthcentury jurists. And yet he is almost entirely forgotten, despite the fact that some specialists have emphasized his importance.2 Schmauss provides one of the crucial links between the University of Halle and the natural law tradition which is so closely associated with Thomasius, and the up and coming University of Göttingen, where he
Comparison of Three Different Techniques to Allay Anxiety before Local Anesthesia Injection in Pediatric Population

Introduction: The fear of dentists is one of the major concerns why pediatric patients avoid dentists and thereby compromising their oral hygiene status. Injection of local anesthesia is considered to be the most dreaded procedures and dentists all over the world have adopted different techniques to allay the fear, pain and anxiety of the patients. Material and Methods: 54 children aged between 6-13 years were included in the study. A simple randomization was done and the children were divided into three groups. Application of topical anesthesia gel at the site of administration of local anesthesia, pre-cooling the anesthetic site with ice prior to the administration of local anesthesia, vibratory stimulus adjacent to the site of administration of local anesthesia using a powered toothbrush were the groups from 1-3 respectively. The pain perception during the administration of infiltration anesthesia was assessed using Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The greatest pain reduction was observed in the vibrations group with mean pain score 1.33 followed by pre cooling group with mean pain score 2.44 then topical anesthesia gel with mean score of 4.67. Mann-Whitney test showed that vibrations was statistical significant when compared with topical anesthesia and pre cooling before local anesthesia (P<0.003). Conclusions: Use of vibrations using powered tooth brush adjacent to the site of injection during Local Anesthesia (LA) is an easy, reliable and cost effective technique and was found to reduce discomfort and facilitate the management of pediatric patients.
‘Diaspora at home’: class and politics in the navigation of Hong Kong students in Mainland China’s Universities

ABSTRACT This paper draws on ‘diaspora at home’, a concept that encapsulates the unique dynamics between Hong Kong and mainland China, as an analytical tool to explore the cross-border experiences of 23 Hong Kong students at 11 universities in mainland China. It empirically ascertains how the made and imposed claims and identifications of these Hong Kong students resulted in inclusion and exclusion as their interactions with their mainland peers and institutions deepened. Specifically, it highlights how their ‘diaspora at home’ status offered exclusive access to privileged higher education opportunities, preferential treatments and opportunities for upward social mobility. Meanwhile, such a status also resulted in an overwhelming sense of political liability as they unwittingly became ‘political tokens’ and suspected political subjects amid the increasingly tense political atmosphere between mainland China and Hong Kong. This paper pinpoints the relevance of class and politics in understanding how diasporic groups engage with higher education.
Convergence theorems for admissible perturbations of φ-pseudocontractive operators

We prove some convergence theorems for a Krasnoselskij type fixed point iterative method constructed as the admissible perturbation of a nonlinear '-pseudocontractive operator defined on a convex and closed subset of a Hilbert space. These new results extend and unify several related results in the current literature established for contractions, strongly pseudocontractive operators and generalized pseudocontractions. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 47H10; 54H25
Ostomy complications in patients with anorectal malformations Billur DemirogullariYavuz YilmazGulsen Ekingen Yildiz • I. O. OzenRamazan KarabulutZafer Turkyilmaz • Kaan SonmezA. Can BasaklarNuri Kale

Purpose Ostomy is an important step in the treatment of patients with anorectal malformation (ARM). Sometimes this basic surgical procedure may cause a devastating complication. Methods The medical reports of the patients with ARM who had ostomy in the past were inspected. How many of them were operated in this center or sent from others, the type of ARM, what type of ostomy performed and which place of the bowel used and the complication type and rate related to ostomy and ostomy closure were evaluated. Results Nearly, 157 of 230 patients with ARM had ostomy during twenty-two years were evaluated. The prevelent type of ostomy was loop (50.3%) and then separated (36.9%), end (7%), double barrel (4.4%) and window (1.2%). The ostomies were located in the tranverse colon (53.5%), descending colon (24.2%), sigmoid colon (17.8), pouch colon (2.5%) and ileum (1.9). Total complication rate was found to be 15.2% (24/157) (window 100%, double barrel 42.8%, separated 15.5%, loop 11.3%, end 9%). The main complication of loop ostomies was prolapse whereas wound problems, stenosis, intestinal obstruction or perforation were serious problems of separated ostomies. Complication rate in the descending colon and tranverse colon was found to be 7.1 and 28%, respectively (p = 0.001). Any difference for complication rate between loop and separated ostomies was not found. Eighteen of separated ostomies had mucous fistula and six of them (33%) were complicated, this rate was higher than those without mucous fistula (p = 0.012). Two babies with separated ostomy were lost due to surgical complications (1.2%). Complication rate after ostomy closure was 10.7% [wound infection (4.4%), intestinal obstruction (1.7%)]. Conclusion According to this study, ostomy performed in the descending colon carries greater risks for complication regardless of its type. Nevertheless, separated ostomy with mucous fistula should be performed by experienced hands.
Construct Validation for a Nonlinear Measurement Model in Marketing and Consumer Behavior Research

This study proposes a method to evaluate the construct validity of a nonlinear measurement model. Construct validation is required when applying measurement and structural equation models to measurement data from consumer and related social science research. However, previous studies have not sufficiently discussed the nonlinear measurement model and its construct validation. This study focuses on convergent and discriminant validation as important processes to check whether estimated latent variables represent defined constructs. To assess the convergent and discriminant validity in the nonlinear measurement model, previous methods are extended and new indexes are investigated by simulation studies. The empirical analysis shows that a nonlinear measurement model is better than a linear model in both fitting and validity. Moreover, a new concept of construct validation is discussed for future research: it considers the interpretability of machine learning (such as neural networks) because construct validation plays an important role in interpreting latent variables.
Heavy metals toxicity of surface soils near industrial vicinity: A study on soil contamination in Bangladesh

Received: 19 November 2019 Revised received: 04 December 2019 Accepted: 04 December 2019 Tangail district is more vulnerable to heavy metals contamination for industrialization in Bangladesh. Present study describe six heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb) in fifteen several sampling locations in industrial vicinity of Tangail district were determined. The concentration of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in studied areas soils were observed 0.96–14.04, 0.71–18.39, 1.02–34.44, 1.2–11.21, 0.44–3.31 and 2.01–28.86 mg/kg, respectively. There is representing a potential risk to the environment for presenting of these heavy metals in soils. This metals are generally toxic to soil and environment. They can persist in the environment for many years and have adverse effect to ecology. Certain indices like contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), source analysis, principle component analysis (PCA), and toxic units were calculated to determine environmental hazard caused by heavy metals in studied soils. Enrichment factors for the studied metals were in the descending order of Cd > As > Pb > Cu >Ni > Cr. The PLI values for studied metals, causes the Cd contamination in soil of Tangail district. Potential ecological risk (PER) showed low to very high risk to studied vicinity.
Evaluation of Intoxication Cases Applying to the Emergency Department of Medical School Hospital

Correspondence to / Yazisma Adresi: Ali Karakus, Mustafa Kemal Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Acil Tip Anabilim Dali, 31100, Hatay, Turkiye Phone: +90 505 254 04 33 e.mail: drkarakus@yahoo.com doi:10.5152/jaem.2012. 018 Cem Zeren1, Ali Karakus2, M. Murat Celik3, Vefik Arica4, Murat Tutanc4, M. Mustafa Arslan1 1Mustafa Kemal Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Adli Tip Anabilim Dali, Hatay, Turkiye 2Mustafa Kemal Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Acil Tip Anabilim Dali, Hatay, Turkiye 3Mustafa Kemal Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Ic Hastaliklari Anabilim Dali, Hatay, Turkiye 4Mustafa Kemal Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Cocuk Hastaliklari Anabilim Dali, Hatay, Turkiye
A comparative assessment of the estimates of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of two anthropogenic soils and their impact on hydrological model simulations

In this study, different methods were compared in order to determine the soil hydraulic conductivity at the saturation (Ks) of two heavily anthropized soils in northern Italy: an irrigated field and a landfill cover. In situ, laboratory measurements (falling head and evaporation method) and pedotransfer functions (ROSETTA and HYPRES) were used for the Ks estimation. In accordance with scientific literature, the results have shown that Ks is largely dependent on the type of technique used in taking the measurements. The ROSETTA and HYPRES pedotransfer functions show quite similar performances, while their easiness and convenient use make them potential alternative techniques for the Ks estimation in comparison with the in situ and laboratory measurements. The Ks estimate is sensitive to the selected method and this sensitivity affects the hydrological model simulations. Therefore, none of the tested methods can be considered as a benchmark, but the results found in this study confirm that the applied method for the determination of Ks, may provide a first estimate of Ks to be subsequently optimised after the simulations.
FAST PYROLYSIS OF JATROPHA SEEDS IN A FIXED BED FURNACE

The biomass, which converted into alternative fuel, has become an attractive source of renewable energy because of the shortage and high prices of fossil fuels. The bio -energy is now accepted as having the potential to provide the major part of the projected renewable energy in the future. Pyrolysis is one of the three main thermal paths, along with gasification and combustion, for providing useful and valuable bio-fuel. The present work will consider Jatropha curcas seeds as the biomass source because Jatropha seeds have high energy bearing seeds available in nature. The fast pyrolysis of Jatropha was carried out in a fixed bed batch reactor made up of stainless steel at a temperature ranging from 400oC to 550oC to produce liquid biofuel at an interval of 50oC. The effect of temperature on the fast pyrolysis of the material is studied to know the optimum temperature for maximum liquid yield. The thermal degradation of the Jatropha seed was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at a heating rate of 20oC which indicated the range of temperature in which the rate of decomposition is maximum. Calcium oxide nano catalyst derived from waste eggshells was used to study the effect of using a catalyst in the fast pyrolysis of Jatropha seeds. The oil and catalytic oil were obtained at optimum temperatures analyzed according to their elemental analysis, fuel properties, functional groups present, and com-pounds’ presence. The result so obtained is compared with the commercial fuel. The chemical compositions of the bio-oils were investigated using FTIR and GC-MS. Properties of CaO catalyst were studied using EDX, SEM and XRD analyses.
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AND ORGANIZATION-BASED SELF-ESTEEM: THE INTERACTIVE ROLE OF ABUSIVE SUPERVISION

The paper has been written to review the relationships among several constructs (i.e. abusive supervision (AB), psychological well-being (PWB), and organization-based self-esteem (OBSE). Also, the study asserted the interactive role of AB in the existing connection with PWB and OBSE. The data were collected by the purposive sampling and Participants of the study were 516 teachers who have working experience at the public colleges within Pakistan between January-December 2015-16. The fi ndings recommended that PWB is positively correlated with OBSE and AB is inversely connected with PWB. However, it is not supported the hypothesis suggesting that AB may play an important moderating role between PWB and OBSE. This study contributes in the existing literature on AB, OBSE, and PWB in the West-Asian context. Also, it contributes to both organizational theory and practice by enriching the current knowledge about the potential moderators of PWB so that employees’ health can be signifi cantly increased.
Entry Timing and Uncertainty in Transition Economies

In this paper we examine the entry strategies that multinational enterprises (MNEs) pursue when investing in transition economies. Usin g real option theory combined with notions from institutionaland resource-based theo ry, we investigate how uncertainty is related to entry timing strategies and how this rel ation is moderated by host countryand firm level characteristics. Estimating hazard model s on entry timing data of 39 multinational banks (MNBs) across 17 different tran sition economies from 1991 to 2007, we find that uncertainty encourages a wait-and-see strategy and decreases the likelihood of market entry. Furthermore, we find that the rela tion between uncertainty and market entry strongly depends on institutional features, c ompetitive conditions, MNE size and regional investment experience. JEL Classification: F23; L10; P20
Airworthiness and Conceptual Design Optimization Considerations of the Environmental Impact Assessment of a Supersonic Business Jet Aircraft

In recent years, the anticipation of sustainable commercial supersonic jet operations has elevated again. Advances in propulsion together with the increased usage of composite materials favour the potential of sustained and cost efficient supersonic commercial operations. However, obstacles remain with regards to the certification of the new supersonic aircraft platforms, while the two main certification bodies EASA and FAA are under pressure to develop certification requirements which will reassure that the supersonic operations are going to have the least possible environmental impact. From a design perspective, past and current research suggests that a trade-off exists between the aircraft performance and the environmental impact, which should be balanced. The current study attempts to balance this trade-off and to conceptually design a SuperSonic Business Jet (SSBJ) by taking into account environmental concerns of the supersonic flight together with design methods that facilitate a sustained supersonic cruise. An environmental impact assessment is undertaken for the SSBJ design and its results are compared to a typical commercial subsonic airliner.
Vision survey of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University medical students

Aim: To determine the ocular problems of 1st-year preclinical medical students at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: All registered 1st-year preclinical medical students were examined in October 2008. Ocular investigation included filling out self-administered questionnaire, visual acuity estimation, anterior segment examination, ophthalmoscopy, refraction, squint assessment, and measurement of accommodation amplitude. Results: One hundred and eight students including 80 (74.1%) males and 28 (25.9%) females (M: F = 3:1), age range was 16–30 years, median – 21 years, were examined. Fifty-two (48.2%) students had a positive family history of eye disease; 23 (21.3%) had symptoms of eye disease. Poor distance vision was the most common symptom; itching and poor near vision were uncommon. Of the 23 students with ocular symptoms, 18 (78.3%) had a positive family history of eye disease. Nine (8.3%) students had low vision. Ninety students (83.3%) had ocular problems, with 78 (63.0%) having ametropia (astigmatism, 72 [66.7%]; myopia, 5 [4.6%]; and hypermetropia, 1 [0.9%]), 2 (1.8%) latent strabismus, and 9 (8.3%) allergic conjunctivitis. One (0.9%) student had bilateral leukoma and dry eyes. The range of binocular amplitude of accommodation was 8.00–25.00 D with a median of 16.50 D. The mean accommodation amplitude was significantly higher than the population age norm (t– 5.739; P= 0.0003). Conclusions: Some fresh university students have ocular problems that could interfere with their academic work. Preregistration ocular examination is recommended to enable the detection and treatment of any ocular disease that may impede optimal academic pursuit.
Exploiting structural (Maxwell-Wagner) polarization effects for the AC- electrokinetic manipulation of objects and media in cell chips

AC fields induce polarization charges at the structural interfaces inside inhomogeneous media. In suspensions or emulsions of micro and nano objects these structures are introduced by phase boundaries such as biological membranes. Nevertheless, local heating may also introduce "smeared interfaces" into homogeneous electrolytes. Subsequently, the interaction of the polarization charges with the inducing field generates AC-electrokinetic forces. The effects observed depend on the temporal and spatial field properties and the frequency dependence of the dipole moment induced in the objects or volumes. For objects, electroorientation (EO), electrodeformation (ED), dielectrophoresis (DP), electrorotation (ER), field-trapping and travelling wave (TW) DP are well investigated. Heated micro and nano volumes of the medium experience analogous forces which can be used for pumping and mixing, for example. TW pumps and electro-thermal micropumps (ETμPs) are well characterized.
Awareness Of Ill Effects Of Tobacco And Opportunistic Screening For Oral Cancer In Patients (Consuming Tobacco In Any Form) Attending Urban Health Centre Of K.J.Somaiya

In India tobacco is consumed in smoked and smokeless form. It is a proven fact that tobacco consumption leads to oral cancer. The pre cancerous lesions can be detected for up to 15 years prior to their change to invasive carcinoma. Intervention at this stage may result in regression of the lesion. In spite of knowing the history of tobacco addiction, the health care personnel do not make an attempt to examine the oral cavity of the patient and counsel on the various ill effects of tobacco on health. Hence the department of Community Medicine conducted a cross-sectional study in individuals (consuming tobacco in any form) attending the outpatient department of urban health training centre located in Pratiksha nagar, Sion, Mumbai with following objectives 1) To assess the awareness of ill effects of tobacco consumption on health 2) To assess proportion of patients willing to quit consumption of tobacco.3) To clinically examine the patients for oral precancerous lesions. 4) To assist patients willing to quit tobacco consumption.5) To teach oral self examination.40 subjects (75.47%) were aware of the fact that tobacco consumption leads to ill effects on health. On oral cavity examination of the study subjects, 3(5.66%) were detected with leucoplakia.
The Geographical Distribution of UK Talent: causes and consequences

In this paper I consider, in a UK context, how talent is distributed across the larger cities of the UK and the key factors which appear to be driving this spatial distribution. I also consider what the potential economic outcomes of these disparities are for cities in the UK. The first finding is that talent is unequally distributed across cities, with some having three times more highly educated workers than others. Talent concentration at the city level is associated with entrepreneurial activity, culture, the presence of a university, and to a lesser degree the housing market. This appears to feed into more knowledge based industry, which is, in turn, associated with higher gross value added.
Mutual exclusivity as a challenge for deep neural networks

Strong inductive biases allow children to learn in fast and adaptable ways. Children use the mutual exclusivity (ME) bias to help disambiguate how words map to referents, assuming that if an object has one label then it does not need another. In this paper, we investigate whether or not standard neural architectures have an ME bias, demonstrating that they lack this learning assumption. Moreover, we show that their inductive biases are poorly matched to lifelong learning formulations of classification and translation. We demonstrate that there is a compelling case for designing neural networks that reason by mutual exclusivity, which remains an open challenge.
A PROTRAIT PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING AMONG ACCOUNTING LECTURES IN YOGYAKARTA Sukirno

As a developing country, Indonesia has been facing problems regarding finding the ways how to improve her higher education quality. In this study, lecturer participative decision making (hereafter abbreviated, PDM)) is observed and analysed to be linked with lecturer satisfation, commitment, and performance.Mail survey was used to collect the data. Open-ended questionnaires were distributed to the accounting lectures at faculty of economics and business in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. A total of 61usable packets of questionnaires were obtained by dual rater approach. Data were analyzed by employing tabulation, anovaandregressionanalysis.It is found that lecturer participation will increase lecturer performance. Nevertheles, lecturer participation is beyond the track of getting lecturer satisfaction and lecturer commitment. Lecturer participation may be useful to boost lecturer commitment based on the single rating. In response jangling results, theoritical and empirical discussion are presented to provide useful academic and managerial recomendations.