Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Tools for the Optimized Follow-Up of Imminent Impactors

The solar system is populated with, other than planets, a wide variety of minor bodies, the majority of which are represented by asteroids. Most of their orbits are comprised of those between Mars and Jupiter, thus forming a population named Main Belt. However, some asteroids can run on trajectories that come close to, or even intersect, the orbit of the Earth. These objects are known as Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) or Near Earth Objects (NEOs) and may entail a risk of collision with our planet. Predicting the occurrence of such collisions as early as possible is the task of Impact Monitoring (IM). Dedicated algorithms are in charge of orbit determination and risk assessment for any detected NEO, but their efficiency is limited in cases in which the object has been observed for a short period of time, as is the case with newly discovered asteroids and, more worryingly, imminent impactors: objects due to hit the Earth, detected only a few days or hours in advance of impacts. This timespan might be too short to take any effective safety countermeasure. For this reason, a necessary improvement of current observation capabilities is underway through the construction of dedicated telescopes, e.g., the NEO Survey Telescope (NEOSTEL), also known as “Fly-Eye”. Thanks to these developments, the number of discovered NEOs and, consequently, imminent impactors detected per year, is expected to increase, thus requiring an improvement of the methods and algorithms used to handle such cases. In this paper we present two new tools, based on the Admissible Region (AR) concept, dedicated to the observers, aiming to facilitate the planning of follow-up observations of NEOs by rapidly assessing the possibility of them being imminent impactors and the remaining visibility time from any given station.
Multi-Modal Meta Multi-Task Learning for Social Media Rumor Detection

With the rapid development of social media platforms and the increasing scale of the social media data, the rumor detection task has become vitally important since the authenticity of posts cannot be guaranteed. To date, Many approaches have been proposed to facilitate the rumor detection process by utilizing the multi-task learning mechanism, which aims to improve the performance of rumor detection task by leveraging the useful information in the stance detection task. However, most of the existing approaches suffer from three limitations: (1) only focus on the textual content and ignore the multi-modal information which is key component contained in social media data; (2) ignore the difference of feature space between the stance detection task and rumor detection task, resulting in the unsatisfactory usage of stance information; (3) largely neglect the semantic information hidden in the fine-grained stance labels. Therefore, in this paper, we design a Multi-modal Meta Multi-Task Learning (MM-MTL) framework for social media rumor detection. To make use of multiple modalities, we design a multi-modal post embedding layer which considers both textual and visual content. To overcome the feature-sharing problem of the stance detection task and rumor detection task, we propose a meta knowledge-sharing scheme to share some higher meta network-layers and capture the meta knowledge behind the multi-modal post. To better utilize the semantic information hidden in the fine-grained stance labels, we employ the attention mechanism to estimate the weight of each reply. Extensive experiments on two Twitter benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance.
The Benefits and Challenges of Implementing Impact-Based Severe Weather Warning Systems: Perspectives of Weather, Flood, and Emergency Management Personnel

Warnings about impending hazards help to minimize the impacts and reduce the risk of the hazard through encouraging an appropriate and timely behavioral response. Many hydrometeorological agencies are moving toward impact-based forecast and warning (IBFW) systems, as encouraged by the World Meteorological Organization. Yet little research has been conducted on such systems from the perspectives of agencies who are or would be involved in their implementation. We investigated the challenges and benefits of IBFW systems as perceived by participants from agencies internationally and within New Zealand. Interviews and workshops were held with meteorologists and weather forecasters, flood forecasters and hydrologists, and emergency managers. We found that the benefits of implementing IBFW systems included a perceived increase in the understanding of the potential impacts by the public, added awareness of antecedent conditions by forecasters, a possible reduction in “false alarms,” and increased interagency communication. Challenges identified by the participants included whether the system should be designed for individuals or society, a lack of impact data, verification of warnings based on impacts, a conflict with roles and responsibilities, the potential for conflicting messages, and the increased burden on agencies providing information to forecasters with a perception of little benefit in return. We argue that IBFWs could be designed for individual members of the public, with an increased focus on understanding vulnerability and capacities, and that more impact data need to be collected and stored to inform future warnings. Increased interagency coordination would assist with rapid decision-making and the success of IBFWs.
On problems with weighted elliptic operator and general growth nonlinearities

This article establishes existence, non-existence and Liouville-type theorems for nonlinear equations of the form \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} -div (|x|^{a} D u ) = f(x,u), \; u > 0,\, \mbox{ in } \Omega, \end{equation*} $\end{document} where \begin{document}$ N \geq 3 $\end{document} , \begin{document}$ \Omega $\end{document} is an open domain in \begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}^N $\end{document} containing the origin, \begin{document}$ N-2+a > 0 $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ f $\end{document} satisfies structural conditions, including certain growth properties. The first main result is a non-existence theorem for boundary-value problems in bounded domains star-shaped with respect to the origin, provided \begin{document}$ f $\end{document} exhibits supercritical growth. A consequence of this is the existence of positive entire solutions to the equation for \begin{document}$ f $\end{document} exhibiting the same growth. A Liouville-type theorem is then established, which asserts no positive solution of the equation in \begin{document}$ \Omega = \mathbb{R}^N $\end{document} exists provided the growth of \begin{document}$ f $\end{document} is subcritical. The results are then extended to systems of the form \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} -div (|x|^{a} D u_1) \! = \! f_{1}(x,u_1,u_2), -div (|x|^{a} D u_2) \! = \! f_{2}(x,u_1,u_2), u_1, u_2 \! >\! 0,\, \mbox{ in } \Omega, \end{equation*} $\end{document} but after overcoming additional obstacles not present in the single equation. Specific cases of our results recover classical ones for a renowned problem connected with finding best constants in Hardy-Sobolev and Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequalities as well as existence results for well-known elliptic systems.
In situ combustion methods: Applicability to heavy oil reservoirs in the Niger Delta

ABSTRACT Oil productions from conventional reservoirs are rapidly declining worldwide. Hence, there is a serious need for the Nigerian government to start looking at viable thermal EOR methods such as in situ combustion (ISC) as a means of enhancing possible heavy oil production in its Niger Delta region. This study looked at the applicability of ISC using the Nelson and McNeil model by subjecting the model's equations, assumptions, and correlations (as outlined in the ISC Handbook; Partha, 1999) to a foreign scenario (Case 1) and a Nigerian scenario (Case 2) to evaluate and compare performances.
Technology-mediated tasks in the young learners’ EFL classroom

For the last few decades, technology has been commonly integrated into various foreign/second language teaching contexts. A significant amount of research has been conducted to investigate the effects of technology integration on student learning and demonstrated its effectiveness in improving language areas such as grammar and vocabulary and four language skills as well as in raising cultural awareness, increasing student motivation and autonomy and creating a student-centred learning environment. Despite research interest into the use of technology in education, studies depicting technology-integration practices in young learner classrooms are not many in number. The present quasi-experimental study conducted in the Turkish context aimed to investigate whether the completion of technology-mediated tasks would improve young EFL learners achievement in listening and reading and writing tests. The analysis of data indicated a higher improvement in the experimental group, compared to the control group who completed traditional homework assignments, but not at a significant level. The study also explored the experimental group learners opinions about technology-mediated tasks they completed and revealed their self-perceived higher ability in English, enhanced self-efficacy beliefs in technology use and positive attitudes towards technology-mediated tasks.
Occupational Therapy Students’ Experiences of Team-Based Learning: A Multi-year Study

Many health sciences disciplines have adopted team-based learning (TBL) as part of their education pedagogy, with studies showing increased classroom participation and learner satisfaction. However, it will be beneficial to explore the learning experiences of occupational therapy students in TBL using a mixed methods approach. In an undergraduate occupational therapy program, students undertook three clinical modules using TBL in years two and three. This study explored their perceptions and experiences of TBL. This was a mixed methods prospective cohort study, during which two cohorts of students from Academic Year (AY) 2016 and AY2017 completed the Team-Based Learning Student Assessment Instrument (TBL-SAI) at the end of their first (midway evaluation) and third clinical module (final evaluation). In addition, they completed a semi-structured survey to share their learning experience. Onehundred twenty-seven occupational therapy students from both cohorts had full data and their results showed higher than neutral for Accountability, Preference for TBL, and Student Satisfaction sub-scales and composite scores at midway and final survey. Collectively, there were no significant changes in TBL perceptions, and no significant relationships were found between TBL-SAI scores and module results. Within the AY2017 cohort, there was positive moderate association between Accountability sub-scale midway score and module results. Qualitative analysis produced four themes: 1) power of discussion; 2) time use; 3) changed learning process and outcome; and 4) tailoring aspects of TBL to enhance learning. Occupational therapy students’ scores in the TBL-SAI domains were higher than neutral at midway and final evaluation. TBL may be a suitable method to aid learning of clinical occupational therapy knowledge.
Trap in the Closet: Intra-Ethnic Marriage and Intimate Partner Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa

Intimate partner violence is a threat to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 5 by 2030. The challenge of intimate partner violence is prevalent among immigrants. However, little is known about the peculiarity of intimate partner violence in intra-ethnic marriages, especially among immigrants within sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined the factors contributing to intimate partner violence among Senegalese immigrants who live in Nigeria. It also examined the extent of intimate partner violence in intra-ethnic marriages. Referrals and exponential non-discriminative snowball sampling were utilized to interview 20 participants. Results show that social factors such as gender norms, cultural norms, patriarchy, and economic challenges were the major factors contributing to intimate partner violence among Senegalese immigrants living in Nigeria. Marriage to someone from the same ethnic group does not prevent intimate partner violence as the factors contributing to this social problem are not exclusive to ethnic group affiliation. Informal measures such as ethnic group association and neighborhood assistance are the measures used to resolve household violence among immigrants. Contextually, programs aimed at reducing and stopping intimate partner violence should incorporate the support of informal groups and community leaders who are the custodians of culture in the society.
Characteristics and surgical outcomes of pediatric intracranial aneurysms in Romania.

AIM Pediatric aneurysms are rare, occurring in under 5% of cases, and their clinical presentation, rupture probability, location, and outcome differ from those in adults. The present study aimed to analyze the demographic characteristics and surgical outcomes of the largest series of patients with pediatric aneurysms reported in Romania, in consideration of the primary factors that lead to good long-term outcomes. Given that all cases involved ruptured aneurysms, we also investigated the ability of microsurgical clipping to prevent massive hemorrhage and aggravation of neurological deficits. MATERIAL AND METHODS This multicenter retrospective study included 47 pediatric patients ( 16 years old) who underwent operation over the 20-year period between January 1999 and January 2019. We analyzed medical records and imaging findings in each patient. Treatment consisted of open microsurgical dissection (clipping) and endovascular embolization (coiling). RESULTS Mean patient age was 14.3 years, ranging from 5 months to 16 years, with 28 boys (59.5%) and 19 girls (40.4%). In our series, pediatric aneurysms represented 6.1% of all intracranial aneurysms (771 cases). Clinical features were dominated by headache (45 cases, 95.7%), neck stiffness (43 cases, 91.4%) and vomiting (42 cases, 89.3%). The most frequently involved locations were the anterior communicating artery (17 cases, 36.1%), middle cerebral artery (12 cases, 25.5%), and internal carotid artery bifurcation (9 cases, 19.1%). Glasgow Outcome Scale scores at 6 months indicated good recovery in 36 patients (76.5%), moderate disability in nine patients (19.1%), severe disability in one patient (2.1%), and (preoperative) death in one patient (2.1%). CONCLUSION Intracranial aneurysms in children are very rare. Early diagnosis based on brain imaging and microsurgical treatment is essential for attaining excellent results. Primary factors such as preoperative status, child profile, aneurysm size, treatment choice, and timing of the operation influence both short and long-term outcomes.
Velocity, Temperature and Density Measurements in Supersonic Jets

Prediction of the flow field properties in supersonic jets using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes is challenging when there is a significant temperature difference between the jet core and the ambient air and/or compressibility effects are substantial. A benchmark set of flow field property data were obtained to assess current CFD capabilities and develop better modeling approaches for these turbulent flow fields where accurate calculation of turbulent heat flux is important. Three different convergent-divergent nozzles were investigated with exit Mach numbers of: 1.36, 1.63 and 2.0 at their perfectly expanded conditions. The conditions of the jet were set to obtain a temperature difference of zero between the jet core and the ambient air, and then the temperature difference was progressively increased, at the same jet Mach number. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), spontaneous rotational Raman scattering spectroscopy (SRS), Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) and probe-based measurements were used to acquire high quality, spatiallyresolved measurements of the mean and root mean square (rms) velocities as well as the mean and rms gas temperatures and densities in both hot and cold supersonic jet flows. The nonintrusive flow measurements are compared both against probe measurements and against standard Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) predictions of the supersonic jet flow properties.
Outcomes of delayed graft function in deceased donor kidney transplantation: a single center experience

Objective: Delayed graft function (DGF) is related to enhanced acute rejection attacks in the short term and reduced graft survival and reduced overall survival in the long-term. In this study, we desired to ascertain the outcomes of DGF. Material and Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study. Two hundred seventy-four patients who underwent a kidney transplant from a deceased donor were included. DGF was described as obtaining dialysis treatment within the first week of transplant. The kidney recipients were divided into groups DGF+ (Group 1) and DGF- (Group 2). Two groups were compared in terms of risk factors which were based on donor and recipient characteristics. Short-term outcomes, long-term graft survival and recipient survival results were compared. Results: The incidence of DGF was 50.3%. The rate of donors with expanded criteria donor (ECD) was 37.3%. Mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at one year after kidney transplantation was 57.5 ml/dk/1.73m2 for Group 1, and 73 ml/dk/1.73m2 for Group 2 (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of graft loss and mortality at one year. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of graft and recipient survival. Conclusion: DGF did not negatively impact graft survival and recipient survival at one year and long-term, although it was associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased acute rejection in the early period.
Understanding the Processes Causing the Early Intensification of Hurricane Dorian through an Ensemble of the Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS)

The early stages of a tropical cyclone can be a challenge to forecast, as a storm consolidates and begins to grow based on the local and environmental conditions. A high-resolution ensemble of the Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) is used to study the early intensification of Hurricane Dorian, a catastrophic 2019 storm in which the early period proved challenging for forecasters. There was a clear connection in the ensemble between early storm track and intensity: stronger members moved more northeast initially, although this result did not have much impact on the long-term track. The ensemble results show several key factors determining the early evolution of Dorian. Large-scale divergence northeast of the tropical cyclone (TC) appeared to favor intensification, and this structure was present at model initialization. There was also greater moisture northeast of the TC for stronger members at initialization, favoring more intensification and downshear development of the circulation as these members evolved. This study highlights the complex interplay between synoptic and storm scale processes in the development and intensification of early-stage tropical cyclones.
Positron annihilation in liquid crystals

Abstract Positron annihilation studies of liquid crystals are reviewed with particular reference to thermotropic liquid crystals with rod-like molecules. The studies of compounds exhibiting smectic A or smectic E phases indicate that local arrangement of dipole molecules play an important role because high electron density at the end group of molecules can influence substantially formation and annihilation of positronium. The obtained ortho-positronium lifetimes in these phases can be explained by antiparallel pairing of molecules in case of the smectic A phase or a structure with a nanosegregation of alkyl chains and others parts of molecules into sublayers and liquid-like state of alkyl chains in case of the smectic E phase.
Textural and geochemical window into the IDDP-1 rhyolitic melt, Krafla, Iceland, and its reaction to drilling

The unexpected intersection of rhyolitic magma and retrieval of quenched glass particles at the Iceland Deep Drilling Project-1 geothermal well in 2009 at Krafla, Iceland, provide unprecedented opportunities to characterize the genesis, storage, and behavior of subsurface silicic magma. In this study, we analyzed the complete time series of glass particles retrieved after magma was intersected, in terms of distribution, chemistry, and vesicle textures. Detailed analysis of the particles revealed them to represent bimodal rhyolitic magma compositions and textures. Early-retrieved clear vesicular glass has higher SiO2, crystal, and vesicle contents than later-retrieved dense brown glass. The vesicle size and distribution of the brown glass also reveal several vesicle populations. The glass particles vary in δD from −120‰ to −80‰ and have dissolved water contents spanning 1.3−2 wt%, although the majority of glass particles exhibit a narrower range. Vesicular textures indicate that volatile overpressure release predominantly occurred prior to late-stage magma ascent, and we infer that vesiculation occurred in response to drilling-induced decompression. The textures and chemistry of the rhyolitic glasses are consistent with variable partial melting of host felsite. The drilling recovery sequence indicates that the clear magma (lower degree partial melt) overlays the brown magma (higher degree partial melt). The isotopes and water species support high temperature hydration of these partial melts by a mixed meteoric and magmatic composition fluid. The textural evidence for partial melting and lack of crystallization imply that magma production is ongoing, and the growing magma body thus has a high potential for geothermal energy extraction. In summary, transfer of heat and fluids into felsite triggered variable degrees of felsite partial melting and produced a hydrated rhyolite magma with chemical and textural heterogeneities that were then enhanced by drilling perturbations. Such partial melting could occur extensively in the crust above magma chambers, where complex intrusive systems can form and supply the heat and fluids required to re-melt the host rock. Our findings emphasize the need for higher resolution geophysical monitoring of restless calderas both for hazard assessment and geothermal prospecting. We also provide insight into how shallow silicic magma reacts to drilling, which could be key to future exploration of the use of magma bodies in geothermal energy.
Ionic Relations of Cells of Chara Australis V. The Action Potential

The effect of various ions on the resting and action potential differences in single cells of the alga Ohara australis was studied. When the concentration of calcium ions in the external medium was changed by replacement with magnesium ions, keeping the total concentration constant, the peak level of the action potential changed reversibly. The change was about +29 mV per tenfold increase in calcium concentration, over a restricted range of the latter.