Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of polyphenol oxidase activity and polyphenol content of tea shoot on quality of black tea

Variation in polyphenot oxidase activity and levels of total polyphenols and catechins with respect to different clones and shoot components, and its effect on quality of black tea (Camellia sinensis (L) 0 Kuntze, were studied. There was a wide variation in polyphenol oxidase activity of the different clones tested. The optimum fermentation time and polyphenol oxidase activity of different clones exhibited a hyperbolic relationship, viz y = 2.36 + 1129/x, where y = optimum fermentation time in minutes and x = polyphenol oxidase activity in μM catechol oxidised g−1 acetone powder min−1, with an r value of −0.98, which is signi Jicant at P ≤ 0.001. A good non-linear relationship was found between polyphenol oxidase activity of ji-esh tea shoots of different clones and the theajavins content of corresponding black teas. Among different shoot components, bud and first leaf had higher levels of polyphenols and catechins than internodes. However, the polyphenol oxidase activity showed a reverse trend: the internodes exhibited a higher enzyme activity compared with other components. Formation of theajavins during fermentation of different shoot components was in good agreement with polyphenol oxidase activity. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the theaflavins fraction in tea brew of black teas made from different components of tea shoot showed that buds resulted in black tea with the highest amount of theaflavin gallates, whereas teas produced from internodes had the lowest amount of theaflavin gallates. A new factor, viz theaflavin digallate equivalent, was developed, and the significance of this factor for chemical evaluation of black tea quality is discussed in this paper.
Finite Volume Scheme for AMSS Model

Abstract We propose a new finite volume numerical scheme for the approximation of the Affine Morphological Scale Space (AMSS) model. We derive the basic scheme and its iterative improvement. For both schemes, several numerical experiments using examples where the exact solution is known are presented. Then the numerical errors and experimental order of convergence of the proposed schemes is studied.
The Social Background of 1 Corinthians 1-4

Abstract The social structure of the Corinthian ecclesia is a reasonable cause for the dissensions that had occurred between her members. The people from the higher social strata of the church may have sought to advance their honor by desiring to extend their patronage over those teachers in the church that could help them in that regard. This situation was aided by the fact that the members of the Christian community have failed to allow the cross to redefine the new entity to which they now belonged. Rather, they perceived the Christian ecclesia according to different social models that were available at that time in the society at large: household model, collegia model, political ecclesia, and Jewish synagogue. As a result, the apostle Paul, in the first four chapter of 1 Corinthians, shows how the cross has overturned the social values inherent in these models. He argues that the Christian ecclesia is a new entity, with a unique identity, and distinct network of relations, which should separate those inside the Christian community from those outside.
Financial and Personal Issues of the Transferred State Administration Competencies in the Building Procedure to Municipality Offices

Abstract The aim of the paper is to draw attention to consequences of the transfer of competency at the level of the building procedure from state authorities to municipal offices in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic. The defined research objective was achieved firstly by conducting controlled interviews with representatives of the building offices in the Nitra Region and, secondly, by analysis of financing of this competency from the obtained data from publicly available sources in both states. Secondly, the paper includes a comparison of the financial management of the transferred competencies at the level of the building procedure between the Nitra Region (Slovakia) and the Pardubice Region (Czech Republic). By conducting controlled interviews in the Nitra Region, we came to the conclusion of the financial under-dimensioning of this competency. By comparing the amount of state subsidies provided for the building procedure in both regions, significant differences were found. Based on our research findings, we recommend reassessing the state subsidies for the transferred competency in the field of building procedure.
mRNA expression, polymorphism of prolactin receptor gene and their association with prolificacy in Lezhi black goats

mRNA expression and DNA polymorphism of prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene were investigated and used to study their effects on litter size in goats. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed that PRLR mRNA levels in pituitary and endometrium of prolific Lezhi black goats were 39.0-fold and 29.9-fold higher than those in non-prolific Tibetan goats (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in ovary and liver between the two breeds. To further explore the possible association between variations in PRLR gene with litter size in Lezhi black goat, mutation screening of exon 10 of PRLR was performed by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). In P2 locus, the four genotypes AA, AB, AC, and AD had the genotypic frequencies of 0.136, 0.110, 0.162, and 0.594, respectively, but no polymorphism was detected in P1 locus. There were four mutations at C89T, A94C, C146G, and G157C of this fragment in all of the four genotypes, which led to a missense mutation Pro to Leu, Asn to His, Ala to Gly, and Ala to Pro, respectively. In addition, a mutation of C61T in genotype AA, A175G in genotype AD, T24C and C96T in genotype CD were detected. The Lezhi black does with genotype AD had 0.35 (P < 0.05) more kids than those with genotype AB, but there was no significant difference among other genotypes. It is concluded that PRLR gene expression and mutations in exon 10 of PRLR gene may be associated with the reproductive effects of the Lezhi black goat.
Comparing Two Instruments of Transformational Leadership

Abstract Purpose: To compare two transformational leadership instruments, Bass’s Full Range Leadership Model and its instrument Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire with the Transformational Leadership Scale proposed by Rafferty and Griffin (2004), using empirical evidence from a single sample. Methodology: The sample includes participants from different levels of the Estonian Defence Forces’ military hierarchy (N = 2570). The structures of the Transformational Leadership Scale and Multi‐factor Leadership Questionnaire were examined with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, while other methods were used to compare the two instruments. Findings: The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire is statistically significantly better at predicting outcome variables like satisfaction with leader, effectiveness, and extra effort; however, the Transformational Leadership Scale did predict outcome variables at a sufficient level. Research & Practical Limitations/Implications: The current research contributes to the validation of the Transformational Leadership Scale proposed by Rafferty and Griffin (2004). The results indicated that the Transformational Leadership Scale is a valuable research tool to study transformational leadership; however, some subscales require further development. Moreover, we may conclude that there is a difference between subsamples – e.g. between commanders and conscripts – that describe outcome variables using the Transformational Leadership Scale as a transformational leadership instrument. Originality/value: There is very limited research that compares different transformational leadership instruments.
Disturbances in semi‐arid shrubland and arid grassland in the Karoo, South Africa: mammal diggings as germination sites

Summary Mammals (mainly aardvark Orycteropus ufer, porcupine Hystrix austro-africanae, bat-eared fox Otocyon megalotis and Cape fox Vulpes chama) which excavate holes in hard-capped soils in Karoo shrubland and inter-dune pans create microsites where seeds, detritus and water accumulate, and seeds germinate. Holes with seedlings were significantly deeper (6.7 ± 0.4 cm) than holes without seedlings (4.5 ± 0.3 cm). In open, inter-shrub sites, significantly more seedlings germinated in diggings than on the flat soil surface, but there was no difference in the proportion of seedlings germinating under shrubs and in diggings. In inter-dune pans, 96% of all seedlings found were growing in diggings. Resume Les mammiferes (surtout l'orycterope Orycreropus afer, le porcepic Hystrix austro-ajricanae, l'otocyon Otocyion megalotis, et le renard du Cap Vulpes chama) qui creusent des trous dans les regions buissonneuses du Karoo et dans les creux entre les dunes creent des microsites ou les semences, les dechets et l'eau se rassemblent, et les semences germent. Les trous ou elles germent sont significativement plus profonds (6,7 ± 0,4 cm) que ceux ou elles ne germent pas (4,5± 0,3 cm). Aux endroits buissonneux ouverts, il pousse plus de jeunes plantes dans des creux qu'a la surface du sol, mais il n'y a pas de difference entre les proportions de celles qui poussent sous les buissons et dans les creux. Dans les creux entre les dunes, 96% des jeunes pousses croissent dans les excavations.
Effect of the Recyclate on a Deflection of Composites in Bending

Abstract The aim of the research was to determine the effect of polyester-glass recyclate on the deflection of composite samples subjected to three-point bending. The polyester-glass recyclate was obtained from the part of the ship’s hull made of polyester-glass composite, constituting scrap metal. The pieces of scrap were pre-fragmented and then processed into a prepared stand for this purpose. Such a fragmented recycling will be used to make composites with different scrap / recycled content. For this purpose, research materials were made using the vacuum bag method with the percentage of 0%, 10% and 20% recyclate) as well as various granulation (i.e. 1.2 mm and 3.0 mm). The research material consisted of rectangular plates with a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the samples. The samples for testing were made by water cutting. The tests were carried out on a suitably prepared stand, which was made of a universal Zwick Roell testing machine and three-point bending handles and a dial indicator. The spacing of the supports has been determined in accordance with the binding standard for three-point bending. Obtained results from tests, i.e. strain, stress, deflection, deformation allowed analysing the impact of recyclate on bending strength and defining the deflection arrow. Based on the results obtained from three-point bending, it can be concluded that the polyester-glass recycling has an influence on the decrease of strength, stress and deflections of the tested composites.
Intangible assets in the process of internationalization

Abstract The aim of this article is to determine the current state of impact of various forms of intangible assets on the internationalization process. For the purpose of the paper meta-analysis was adopted as a method of the study. English-language peer-reviewed journal articles were analyzed only with the help of: EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, Emerald, JSTOR, ProQuest and Wiley Online databases. The search was aimed at newest papers (after 2012), however some older articles (with regard to their value) were included in the analysis as well. Based on the conducted analysis, there was observed a significant and positive link between the level of employee education and internationalization probability and extent. The effect of the wages on internationalization is stage dependent. Under certain assumptions there is a positive and strong relationship between R&D intensity and internationalization. Advertising spending do not foster the process of internationalization. The practical contribution of this research is twofold. First, it provides valuable insight for practitioners which intangible assets and how foster various modes of the internationalization process. Second, it describes upon which conditions the interrelation between firm intangible assets and internationalization is significant and positive.
DNA barcoding: A practical tool for the taxonomy and species identification of entomofauna

Abstract DNA barcoding is an innovative system designed to provide rapid, accurate, and automatable species identification by using short, standardized gene regions as internal species codes. The mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) gene was proposed by Paul Hebert as an official marker for animals, because of its small intraspecific but large interspecific variation. Since the launch of the project Barcode of Life, this simple technique has caught the interest of taxonomists, ecologists and plant-quarantine officers charged with the control of pests and invasive species. The great diversity of insects and their importance have made this group a major target for DNA barcoding. In most cases, the identification of insect species by traditional methods based on morphological features requires specialist knowledge and is labor-intensive. DNA barcoding aims at meeting the challenge of monitoring and documenting the biodiversity of insects. The utility of DNA barcoding for identifying small insects, cryptic taxa or rare species, as well as many species of forest entomofauna that are impossible to discriminate morphologically throughout all of their life stages, is a subject discussed in this review. Due to its usefulness, also in Poland in the Forestry Research Institute, a method for identifying selected species of saproxylic beetles based on the sequence of the COI region was developed. In the future, this method will be used to assess the state of biodiversity and the naturalness of forest ecosystems. Therefore, this and other future implications of this promising new technique are also discussed here.
Long-term evolution of the subsidiary’s role: a qualitative perspective on a subsidiary located in Poland1

Abstract So far, very little attention has been paid to the roles of foreign subsidiaries located in Poland and if or how these roles have evolved. Simultaneously, there exists strong empirical justification for assuming these roles have been evolving over the years. Through a literature review and empirical case study of a foreign subsidiary located in Poland, this study analyzes the evolution of the subsidiary role and indicates its relations with groups of external and internal determinants. The case study examines a 10-year period of operations of a foreign subsidiary active in the automotive industry. The results indicate that the evolution of the subsidiary role encompasses factors such as markets served, functional areas of operations, and complexity of operations. The presented case study describes the complex relations among factors related to the subsidiary, HQ, and environment concerning the evolution of the subsidiary role.
Academic Procrastination, Self- Esteem, and Self-Efficacy in First- Term University Students in the City of Lima

Dennis Arias-Cháveza, Teresa Ramos-Quispeb, Klinge Orlando VillalbaCondoric, Julio E Postigo-Zumaránd, aUniversidad Continental, Arequipa, Perú, ORCID, bUniversidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Perú ORCID, cUniversidad Católica de Santa María, Perú, dUniversidad Continental, Arequipa, Perú, Email: adarias@continental.edu. pe, btramosq@unsa.edu. pe, ckvillalba@ucsm.edu. pe, djpostigo@continental.edu. pe
Distribution of Diurnal Fluctuations in Stem Circumference of Douglas-fir

Diurnal circumferential fluctuations were measured during late summer at different locations on the stems of several Douglas-fir trees.In one study, devices were installed to record periodically circumferential changes at five levels on the stems of study trees. The results indicated that the amplitude of diurnal fluctuation is considerably greater in a zone adjacent to midcrown than at levels above or below. Within this zone, shrinkage and subsequent dimensional recovery begin sooner and proceed at the greatest rates. The more dynamic fluctuation within this zone may relate to transpirational patterns in the crown and to factors determining "stem elasticity". In a related study, a tree was girdled. Results indicated that circumferential fluctuations are primarily seated in peripheral tissues removed in the process of girdling. Possible explanations and implications of the reported patterns are discussed.
The Sourcing of Stories on Sugar and the Supermarket Industry in the British Press

This paper looked at the nature of sourcing stories in the press coverage of the anti-sugar debate and the supermarket industry in the UK. The research design was a mixed-method study founded in an interpretivist epistemology. Content analysis has been conducted on 454 articles from national and regional press and this analysis provided an answer on who influences the news agenda. Qualitative interviews with journalists explored what sources journalists use when selecting and sourcing stories. The findings show that NGOs are regularly used as a source for stories in the British press, while the news agenda is largely driven by the self-interest of journalists, which corresponds with agenda of the NGO Action on Sugar. Journalists also largely rely on contacts when sourcing stories, but NGOs are present in the mind of journalists when deciding how to source stories. In addition, views of journalists correspond with views of NGOs on the role and position of the business in society.
Involvement of Hydrogen Peroxide Generated by Polyamine Oxidative Degradation in the Development of Lateral Roots in Soybean

In order to determine whether hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated by polyamine oxidative degradation is involved in the development of lateral roots in soybean, the length and the number of lateral roots, the activities of polyamine oxidases and diamine oxidases, and the endogenous free polyamine and H2O2 content were analyzed in soybean (Glycine max (Linn.) Merr. ) main roots of 2-d-old seedlings after treatments for 2 d with exogenous β-hydroxyethylhydrazine (an inhibitor of polyamine oxidases), H2O2, putrescine, cyclohexylamine (an inhibitor of spermidine synthase) or N, N′-dimethylthiourea (a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide). β-hydroxyethylhydrazine treatment strongly inhibited the development of lateral roots in soybean seedlings, reduced the activities of polyamine oxidases and diamine oxidases, decreased H2O2 levels, and led to the accumulation of endogenous polyamines in the main roots. The inhibitory effect of β-hydroxyethylhydrazine on root development could be alleviated by exogenously applied 10 μmol/L H2O2 (a major product of polyamine oxidation). Treatment with cyclohexylamine and putrescine promoted root growth slightly, but treatment with cyclohexylamine plus N, N′-dimethylthiourea or putrescine plus N, N′-dimethylthiourea prevented the development of soybean lateral roots. The effects of these treatments on the development of soybean lateral roots were consistent with the changes in endogenous H2O2 levels. These results suggest that the development of soybean lateral roots is associated with the oxidative degradation of polyamines, and that their products, especially H2O2, are likely to play an important role in the growth of soybean lateral roots. (Managing editor: Ping He)
Identification and quantitative estimation of oxidized cholesterol derivatives in heated tallow

Le chauffage en continu a 155 o C entraine la formation de 4 principaux derives oxydes doses par une nouvelle technique de chromatographie en phase gazeuse sur colonne capillaire que l'on decrit. L'identification par spectrometrie de masse montre que la molecule predominante est le ceto-7-cholesterol. On identifie aussi un β-epoxyde de cholesterol
Comparison of insect pest complexes in different Philippine dryland rice environments: population densities, yield loss, and management

In the Philippines most of the dryland rice pests are distinct from those of wetland culture. Partitioned-growth-stage yield loss studies revealed the highest losses in dryland rice were due to sown-seed and seedling pests (ants, field crickets, mole crickets, and termites) as well as root feeders (white grubs and root aphids) and early seedling pests (seedling maggot and flea beetle) more than the common foliar wetland pests. Losses (5–71%) were highest in the sites with the smallest rice area in which pests were concentrated and the poorest soils (which constrain yield compensation) along a continuum of dryland rice habitats. Crop management practices such as overseeding and fertility management can mitigate potential losses to a large degree. Therefore integrated crop management plays a central role in integrated pest management in dryland rice cultivation where the use of insecticides should be minimized for economic and environmental reasons.
Atypical needle fascicles in Pinusconforta

Specimens of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) with one to five needles per fascicle were found in Jasper National Park, Alberta. The maximum percentage of atypical fascicles occurred at 2150 m above sea level. These trees bore significantly greater percentages of atypical fascicles than trees at 2000 m and 1850 m above sea level.
Habitat use and nocturnal activity of lesser short‐tailed bats (Mystacina tuberculata) in comparison with long‐tailed bats (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) in temperate rainforest

Abstract Habitat use and nocturnal activity patterns of the threatened lesser short‐tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata) were sampled during late spring and early summer using automatic bat detector units in temperate beech (Nothofagus) rainforest in Fiord‐land, New Zealand. Detector units recorded the number of bats passing per hour as an index of activity. Habitat use patterns were compared with long‐tailed bats (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) sampled concurrently. Activity levels in lesser short‐tailed bats varied significantly among five habitat types and amongst hours of the night. Of the total activity recorded, most passes (82.6% of n = 657 bat passes) were in red beech forest >200 m from the forest edge; 13.7% were in silver beech within 100 m of forest edges, 2.6% were along roads through forest, 0.9% were on the forest‐grassland edge, and 0.2% were in the open grassland. Lesser short‐tailed bats were active throughout the night but especially at dawn and dusk. There was no correlation between levels of activity by lesser short‐tailed bats and overnight minimum or dusk temperatures. Patterns of habitat use and activity in long‐tailed bats were significantly different from those of lesser short‐tailed bats. Of the total activity recorded, most (56.0% of n = 2929 bat passes) was along forest‐grassland edges; 15.7% of passes were in open grassland, 13.1% were along roads through forest, 11.0% were in silver beech forest within 100 m of forest edges, and 4.2% within red beech forest. The implications of these findings for conservation and for improving survey techniques are discussed. For example, lack of use of open and edge habitats by lesser short‐tailed bats suggests they would not adapt to highly fragmented and cleared forest habitats. The two species of New Zealand bat used available habitats differently while inhabiting the same sites. Therefore, a range of habitats, including forest interior, forest edges and grasslands, are required to sustain both species within reserves and management areas. Surveys for lesser short‐tailed bats should focus on mature forest stands >200 m into the forest to maximise the chance of encountering this species, whereas surveys for long‐tailed bats would best focus on forest edges.