Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY AMONG POTATO (Solanum tuberasum) FARMERS IN BOKKOS LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

This study compared Total Factor Productivity among potato farmers in Bokkos Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 96 male and 64 female respondents. Data was collected from primary source through the distribution of structured questionnaire and oral interview schedule. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, net farm income and total factor productivity (TFP) models. The findings revealed that the mean age of male and female household heads was 40 and 38 years respectively, the mean household size was 5 persons for male and 4 persons for female headed households, 82.3% and 73.5 of male and female respondents were married. The mean farming experience of male and female farmers was 19 and 15years, 62% and 66% of male and female respondents did not belong to any cooperative. Potato production was profitable with NFI per hectare of male and female respondents being N473,307.65 and N294,324.45 respectively. The BCR was 3.15 and 5.16 for male and female respondents. Profitability Index was 0.68 and 0.81 respectively for male and female farmers. The result of probit regression revealed that the coefficients of gender, household size, farming experience and amount of credit were significant. The study recommend that: implicit sensitization of the community leaders on the active role of women in agricultural development, Policy makers at all level of government should ensure discriminatory laws or customs against women are abolished, both male and female farmers should utilize more of their household members in
A Systematic Review of the Literature on Digital Transformation: Insights and Implications for Strategy and Organizational Change

In this article we provide a systematic review of the extensive yet diverse and fragmented literature on digital transformation (DT), with the goal of clarifying boundary conditions to investigate the phenomenon from the perspective of organizational change. On the basis of 279 articles, we provide a multi-dimensional framework synthesizing what is known about DT and discern two important thematical patterns: DT is moving firms to malleable organizational designs that enable continuous adaptation, and this move is embedded in and driven by digital business ecosystems. From these two patterns, we derive four perspectives on the phenomenon of DT: technology impact, compartmentalized adaptation, systemic shift and holistic co-evolution. Linking our findings and interpretations to existing work, we find that the nature of DT is only partially covered by conventional frameworks on organizational change. On the basis of this analysis, we derive a research agenda and provide managerial implications for strategy and organizational change.
Dynamic reorganization of nuclear architecture during human cardiogenesis

While chromosomal architecture varies among cell types, little is known about how this organization is established or its role in development. We integrated Hi-C, RNA-seq and ATAC-seq during cardiac differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells to generate a comprehensive profile of chromosomal architecture. We identified active and repressive domains that are dynamic during cardiogenesis and recapitulate in vivo cardiomyocytes. During differentiation, heterochromatic regions condense in cis. In contrast, many cardiac-specific genes, such as TTN (titin), decompact and transition to an active compartment coincident with upregulation. Moreover, we identify a network of genes, including TTN, that share the heart-specific splicing factor, RBM20, and become associated in trans during differentiation, suggesting the existence of a 3D nuclear splicing factory. Our results demonstrate both the dynamic nature in nuclear architecture and provide insights into how developmental genes are coordinately regulated. One Sentence Summary The three-dimensional structure of the human genome is dynamically regulated both globally and locally during cardiogenesis.
Life history variation across four decades in a diverse population complex of Atlantic salmon in a large subarctic river

We used over 154 000 scale samples collected from salmon fisheries in the large River Teno system over a 40-year period to quantify life history diversity and long-term trends. We identified 120 different life history strategies, including combinations of smolt (2–8) and sea ages (1–5) and previous spawning events. Most strategies were rare; 60% of individuals matured after 1 year at sea following 3–5 years in fresh water. Age at maturity changed with an increase in two-sea-winter salmon and previous spawners and a decline in three-sea-winter fish. Smolt age distribution showed a decreasing proportion of age-3 smolts, while that of age-5 smolts increased. Fishing gear and fishing season times selected for fish differing in life history strategies. Temporal variation in life histories reflected changes in both fisheries and the changing environment. There was an inverse relationship between years spent in fresh water and sea age. Biocomplexity was manifested by the multiple year classes (6–11) present in annual runs, which increased with years, reflecting an increase both in previous spawners and sampling effort. The high number of cohorts spawning simultaneously each year indicates strong generational overlap, which has been suggested to maintain genetic diversity and thereby resilience via the portfolio effect.
Refining fine-mapping: effect sizes and regional heritability

Recent statistical approaches have shown that the set of all available genetic variants explains considerably more phenotypic variance of complex traits and diseases than the individual variants that are robustly associated with these phenotypes. However, rapidly increasing sample sizes constantly improve detection and prioritization of individual variants driving the associations between genomic regions and phenotypes. Therefore, it is useful to routinely estimate how much phenotypic variance the detected variants explain for each region by taking into account the correlation structure of variants and the uncertainty in their causal status. Here we extend the FINEMAP software to estimate the effect sizes and regional heritability under the probabilistic model that assumes a handful of causal variants per each region. Using the UK Biobank data to simulate GWAS regions with only a few causal variants, we demonstrate that FINEMAP provides higher precision and enables more detailed decomposition of regional heritability into individual variants than the variance component model implemented in BOLT or the fixed-effect model implemented in HESS. Using data from 51 serum biomarkers and four lipid traits from the FINRISK study, we estimate that FINEMAP captures on average 24% more regional heritability than the variant with the lowest P-value alone and 20% less than BOLT. Our simulations suggest how an upward bias of BOLT and a downward bias of FINEMAP could together explain the observed difference between the methods. We conclude that FINEMAP enables computationally efficient estimation of effect sizes and regional heritability in the era of biobank scale data.
The Impact of Post-editing and Machine Translation on Creativity and Reading Experience

This article presents the results of a study involving the translation of a fictional story from English into Catalan in three modalities: machine-translated (MT), post-edited (MTPE) and translated without aid (HT). Each translation was analysed to evaluate its creativity. Subsequently, a cohort of 88 Catalan participants read the story in a randomly assigned modality and completed a survey. The results show that HT presented a higher creativity score if compared to MTPE and MT. HT also ranked higher in narrative engagement, and translation reception, while MTPE ranked marginally higher in enjoyment. HT and MTPE show no statistically significant differences in any category, whereas MT does in all variables tested. We conclude that creativity is highest when professional translators intervene in the process, especially when working without any aid. We hypothesize that creativity in translation could be the factor that enhances reading engagement and the reception of translated literary texts.
Academic Performance in Islamic University Primary School: Causes of Poor Performance and Anticipated Remedy. A Study Commissioned by the Executive Board of Islamic University in Uganda

The study explored the causes of poor academic performance and anticipated remedy in Islamic university primary school. The study was qualitative in nature and case study design was used. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 28 respondents who were interviewed. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, documentary analysis and observation. The thematic analysis method was used to analyse data. The findings revealed that the causes of poor academic performance included, absenteeism, poor feeding, language problem, negative teachers’ attitude, inadequate support from administration, and poor school environment. The researchers developed a tool to help improve the academic performance in Islamic university primary school. The tool explains that the school should provide professional administration, teacher motivation, in-service training, learners’ guidance and counselling, improve learners’ communication skills and provide a conducive school environment to improve the academic performance of the pupils.
A VERIFICATION ANALYSIS FOR PILES IN LIQUEFIABLE SOIL

Suya doygun kumlu zeminlerde dinamik yukler altinda bosluk suyu basincinin artmasi sonucunda zemin mukavemetini kaybeder ve sivi gibi davranir. Bunun sonucunda sivilasan zeminlerde buyuk zemin yerdegistirmeleri meydana gelebilir. Tasima gucu problemleri olan zeminler icin kullanilan kazik temeller sivilasma olayindan dolayi buyuk yanal yerdegistirmelere maruz kalabilirler. Yatay yuklu kaziklarin dinamik yukler altindaki davranisini uzerinde yapilmis bircok numerik ve deneysel calismalar olmasina ragmen, sivilasan zeminlerdeki kazik davranislarini kesin yargilarla belirlemek cok mumkun degildir. Dinamik yukler altinda meydana gelen sivilasma ve sivilasma sonucunda olusan yanal yayilmanin kaziklarda meydana getirdigi hasarlar bircok bilim adami tarafindan arastirilmis ve olusan hasarlarin sebepleri uzerinde yapilan calismalar artmistir. Sivilasan zeminlerde kazik davranisi belirlemek icin kullanilan bazi sayisal yontemler mevcuttur, ornegin; sonlu farklar metodu (FDM), sonlu elemanlar metodu (FEM), sinir eleman metodu (BEM). Bu calismada, sivilasan zemindeki yanal yuklu kazik davranisinin analiz sonuclari ile literaturden alinan santrifuj deney sonuclari karsilastirilmistir. Sayisal analizler FLAC2D sonlu farklar programi kullanilarak yapilmis elde edilen sonuclar santrifuj deney sonucu ile kontrol edilmistir.
Life history traits and fishing mortality estimations of Caspian vimba, Vimba vimba (L.), in southwestern coastal regions of the Caspian Sea

Abstract This study was conducted to complement existing data about the life cycle of Caspian vimba, Vimba vimba (L.), with estimations of age, growth, and mortality rates. To achieve this, 811 specimens were collected between May 2012 and June 2013 at three fisheries catch stations in southwestern regions of the Caspian Sea including Talesh, Bandar Anzali, and Kiashahr. The growth rate in vimba is relatively high at approximately 0.29 year−1 for females and 0.32 year−1 for males. Asymptotic lengths are 245 mm and 233 mm for females and males, respectively. The growth pattern was isometric for both males and females. The overall sex ratio was balanced (1: 0.92). The instantaneous coefficients of total, natural, and fishing mortality were 1.27, 0.4, and 0.8 year, respectively, and the current exploitation ratio was 0.63 year−1. Results showed that the growth rate of males is higher than that of females. Considering the exploitation ratio, it is apparent that the vimba population is experiencing significant legal and illegal exploitation pressure.
Relative impacts of land‐use and climate change on grasshopper range shifts have changed over time

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2020 The Authors. Global Ecology and Biogeography published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd 1Department of Biodiversity and Landscape Ecology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany 2, Herten, Germany 3Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa 4Institute of Biodiversity and Landscape Ecology (IBL), Münster, Germany
Extraction of Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Activity from Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)

BACKGROUND: Beetroot is reported as an important source of polyphenols as well as betalains, which are compounds that possess high antioxidant effect and radical scavenging capacity. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed at identifying the most suitable extracting parameters to attempt maximizing the recovery of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity in beetroot. METHODS: Grounded beetroot was used to perform extractions with different aqueous solutions (ethanol at 50% and acetone at 60%), for different times (15 and 60 min), using different volumes of the extraction solution (25 and 50 ml). For each of the combinations three successive extraction steps were performed and in each extract were quantified the total phenolic compounds (TPC), the anthocyanins (ANT) and the antioxidant activity (AOA), all by spectrophotometric techniques. RESULTS: The results indicated the usefulness of using three successive extraction steps over the same sample besides clearly indicating clearly that an extraction time of 15 min was sufficient. It was further observed that 50 ml of extraction solvent were preferable than 25 ml and the best solution was acetone at 60%. The TPC in the fresh beetroot varied from 1.45 to 2.70 mg GAE/g, the ANT from 0.23 to 0.77 mg Mv3G/g and the AOA from 13.9 to 19.9 µmol TE/g. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the method of using three successive extraction steps of 15 minutes each was appropriate to increase the recovery of phenolics with antioxidant activity from beetroot.
Why Do Ethnically Harassed Immigrant Adolescents Engage in Violent Behaviors? The Role of Affiliation With Violent Peers

This study aimed to analyze affiliations with violent peers as an underlying mechanism that associates ethnic harassment with violent behaviors among immigrant youth (N = 365; Mage = 13.93, SD = 0.80), and also identify the risk factors in this relation. The results revealed that identification with an immigrant peer crowd at school made ethnically harassed immigrant adolescents more inclined to associate with violent peers and, in turn, engage in violent behaviors over time. Immigrant youth’s orientation toward the mainstream culture was not found to either elevate or buffer the effect of ethnic harassment on youth’s affiliation with violent peers. Yet, ethnically harassed immigrant adolescents were shown to be more prone to violent behaviors over time when they were less orientated toward Swedish culture. The findings suggest that preventing ethnicity-based harassment and diversifying adolescents’ peer groups at schools may be a way to prevent immigrant adolescents’ involvement in violent behaviors.
Pollen morphology and numerical analysis of tamarix L. (Tamaricaceae) in Egypt and its systematic implication

A palynological and multivariate study of six species of Tamarix L. distributed in Egypt was carried out. Pollen morphology was examined by Light Microscope (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The systematic study of these species was conducted by means of numerical analysis using UPGMA clustering and PCO analysis based on 33 morphological characters, including life form, vegetative parts, fruits, floral characters, seeds and pollen grains. Pollen grains were found to be monads, radially symmetrical, isopolar, small-sized and homocolpate. Tamarix nilotica can be easily separated from other taxa by its subprolate pollen shape. Two major clades were identified by multivariate analysis of morphological characters; one of them included three species, namely T. amplexicaulis , T. passerinoides and T. macrocarpa . Our results indicate that there is a wide range of morphological similarity among the species of section Polyadenia . The other clade included T. aphylla , T. tetragyna and T. nilotica from section Tamarix and section Oligadenia . Keywords: Tamarix ; Pollen Morphology; Numerical Taxonomy; UPGMA Cluster; PCO, Egypt. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24 (1): 91105, 2017 (June)
Synthesis of Phthalimide Imine Derivatives as a Potential Anticancer Agent

The outstanding evidence of phthalimide pharmacophore in securing enhanced biological activities had encouraged further research and development into phthalimide-based derivatives as potential new drugs. In this study, phthalimide core was hybridized with aldehydes giving integrated imines displaying different types of functionalities and at alternating positions. The resulting compounds, therefore, provide an innovative window to explore possible differential biological effects as antioxidants and anticancer agents. A total of sixteen compounds were synthesized, and each was verified by FT-IR, H NMR, C NMR, and MS characterization. Herein, a facile single-step synthesis method was employed substituting the conventional two-step chemical production routes. Among the sixteen tested compounds, the H7 compound with hydroxyl phenolic group has shown an eminent antioxidant activity with a 19.52% decrease to the IC50 value compared to that of the control standard BHT antioxidant. On the other hand, the halogenated H6 Schiff base structure was successful in securing effective cancer inhibition to both colon and breast cancer cell lines, while maintaining selective action toward normal tissues. Results have collectively indicated the importance and impactful effects of functional groups position and types within similar basic structures, in directing different biological outcomes.
Effect of thermal power plant effluent on the physico-chemical parameters of Thoothukudi coastal waters, South India

The coolant water discharge area of a thermal power plant in Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu was investigated to elucidate the changes in the coastal water and sediment quality characteristics. Water and sediment samples were collected from three different stations namely station I (about 900 m away from coolant water discharge point), station II (about 1250 m away from discharge point) and station III (about 1600 m away from discharge point) and analysed for the various physico-chemical parameters. The dissolved oxygen level increased with increasing distance from the discharge point i.e., from station I to III, whereas the temperature values showed decreasing trend. Concentration of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate were found in the decreasing order from station I, II and III. Accumulation of heavy metals was in the order of Al > Fe > Cu > Zn in the water samples and found slightly higher than the standards prescribed by European countries. The exchangeable phosphorus fraction appeared as the first major contributor among the different fractions of total sedimentary phosphorus. This study clearly explains that the effluent discharge in adjoining coastal waters affects the water and sediment quality.
A Comparative Study Between Grape (Vitis vinifera) Juice Varieties on Liver Toxicity Induced by Sodium Fluoride in Adult Rats

The consumption of fruits has an important role in health protection. Grape juice is considered a healthy protecting beverage due to its high content of bioactive phenolic compounds and their antioxidant capacity. The present study was designed to compare the potential effects of three types of grape juice (Green or white-red and black) against the toxicity and tissues damage induced by sodium fluoride (NaF) in rats liver. Rats were randomly divided into five groups. The first: negative control group (6 rats) fed standard diet. From 2 to 5 group received a single oral dose 10.3 mg Naf /kg body weight for six weeks, the second group served as positive control group (6 rats), the third, fourth and fifth groups (12 rat /each) were fed standard diet and each of them was divided into two sub groups (6 rats /each) and given a daily oral dose 5 and 10 μL/g body weight for 6 weeks of the green (white), red and black grape juice respectively. After the end of the experimental period, lipids profile, liver functions, Malonaldehyde (MDA) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH Rd) and catalase (CAT) activities and histological examination of liver tissues were performed. Results showed that NaF treated rats caused elevation in lipid profile, liver functions in the serum and MDA levels with reduction in the activity of GSH Rd and CAT in liver tissues. However, treatment sodium fluoride rats with red and black grape juice reduced the levels of lipid profile, liver enzymes and MDA with enhanced activity of GSH Rd, CAT and histopathological changes in the liver tissues. While, treated rats with black grape juice (10μl/g BW) was more effective in alleviating the harmful effects of NaF in rats. In conclusion, red and black grape juice has a potent effect against NaF induced hepatotoxicity in rats and this effect might be correlated with grape antioxidant capacity.
Optical Coherence Tomography Reveals Self-Organizing Di-Fork Architecture of Mice Cutaneous Scars

Scientific studies report crucial impacts of biomechanical effectors to modulate wound healing either by scarring or regeneration. Further, the biological decision to predominantly favor the former is still cryptic. Real-time visualization of biomechanical manifestations in situ in scarring is hence necessary. Endorsed by nanostructural testing, synthetic phantom analysis, and computational simulations, we found strong mechanobiological correlates for Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) speckles in mice cutaneous repair (full-thickness) up to 10 months. The theoretical basis of the optomechanics to provide insights into scar form-factor and evolution is proposed. Optomechanical changes have been considered as the resultant of intrinsic (e.g. fiber elastic modulus) and gross tissue mechanics (extracellular matrix (ECM)) in maturing scars. Non-invasive optomechanics supported with microscopic findings reveal scar’s cross-sectional self-organizing di-fork architecture. Dual-compartment heterogeneity of di-fork exhibits stress-evading features with a dichotomy in inhabitant cellular stress-fiber distributions. This differential interactivity of scar with adjoining tissues reflects its architectural intelligence to compensate tissue loss (hypodermis/muscle) by assembling into a di-fork. Gradual establishment of baseline shifted lasting mechanobiological steady-state, later in scarring, expose scar as an alternate stable state within the skin. Significance Statement Wound repair in mammals, predominantly culminates into function compromising scar that is occasionally fatal in vital organs. How the biological system often adopts scarring over a restorative regeneration is yet a conundrum. Wound and ambient mechanics play a pivotal role in deciding the healing fate. SS-OCT is hence demonstrated here as a non-invasive window to such mechanical manifestations during skin wound healing. This exposed gradual emergence of temporally maintained and stress-resilient di-fork architecture of the scar with differential neighborhood interfaces. Accommodation of such an alternate self-organizing steady-state of scar sheds light on its sustenance and paradoxical selection.