Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Networked Switched Nonlinear Systems With Decentralized Event-Triggered Communication

Uncertainty and disturbance are always the first issues to deal with in any networked system. Considering these factors, the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for networked switched systems (NSSs) with decentralized event-triggered communication was investigated in this study. This is the first time a comprehensive analysis and synthesis method for the ADRC of NSSs has been proposed. The technical contribution is mainly divided into two categories. On the one hand, a novel parameter-dependent switching constraint is proposed, which solves the problem of ADRC-based switching law construction and settles the complex coupling between switching, event-triggering, and ADRC components. On the other hand, triggering the output of linear extended state observer (LESO) rather than its input can result in a more accurate estimation, while reasonably configuring network resources. Accordingly, a new tight bound of the high gain adjustment parameter of the observer was obtained. In addition, the stability analysis and state convergence region calculations for switched ADRC systems are given. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposal is demonstrated by simulation.
A Comparison of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy With Simultaneous Integrated Boost With Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy With Sequential Boost for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: A Dosimetric Study

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the dosimetric criteria between the intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique with a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) and the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) technique with a sequential boost (SB) plans for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Materials and methods A retrospective dosimetric comparison was performed in 15 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who had previously been treated with fractions of 1.8 Gy up to doses of 45, 54-55.8, and 59.4 Gy in 28-33 sessions using the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) technique with a sequential boost (SB) and who had a new planning that was made using the intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique with a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) in 25 sessions. The conformity index, quality of coverage, homogeneity index, mean doses, maximum doses, and different organ at risk (OAR) dose constraints were calculated for the dosimetric comparison of treatment plans. Descriptive analysis was performed using measures of central tendency and dispersion for the quantitative variables and absolute and relative frequencies for the qualitative variables. The comparison was made using the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test for a type I error level of 0.05. The statistical software Stata 11 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, Texas, USA) was used in the analysis. Results The mean age of the patients was 52 years, 33% were stage IIIB, and 67% had squamous cell carcinomas. The conformity index was 0.74 and 0.46 (difference: 0.28; p<0.01), the quality of coverage was 0.84 and 0.94 (difference: -0.10; p<0.01), and the homogeneity index was 0.12 and 0.070 (difference: 0.052; p<0.01) for IMRT-SIB and 3DCRT-SB, respectively. When the mean doses of the OARs were compared, all were lower with the IMRT-SIB technique, with statistically significant differences in the rectum and bladder. Conclusions The IMRT-SIB technique achieves a greater conformation of the doses on the treatment volumes with a significant reduction of the doses on the bladder and rectum.
What are the gigahertz peaked-spectrum radio sources ?

The astrophysical implications of recent radio and optical observations of the powerful compact gigahertz peaked-spectrum (GPS) radio sources are discussed. Some tentative conclusions are presented and a scenario based on the existing data is suggested. It is argued that the spectrum is due to synchrotron self-absorption, which is assumed as the basis for the present inferences from the radio spectral shape. The finding that some GPS sources have a very narrow spectral shape is consistent with the hypothesis that there is a narrow range of size scales which dominate the radio luminosity. The highly inverted LF radio spectrum is consistent with the hypothesis that the radio source is tightly confined. The conclusion that the radio polarization of these sources is systematically low is consistent either with a very tangled magnetic field or very large Faraday rotation measures. It is suggested that GPS radio sources are formed when the radio plasma is confined on the scale of the narrow-line region by an unusually dense and clumpy ISM. The existing optical spectroscopic results are also consistent with the existence of a dense and dusty nuclear ISM.
Generating Families of Optimally Actuated Gaits from a Legged System's Energetically Conservative Dynamics

We present a homotopic approach to generating energetically optimal gaits for legged robots that maps passive (i.e., unactuated) gaits of an energetically conservative model of the robot to a model with user-defined target dynamics with dissipation and actuation (i.e., the more “realistic” legged model). Our core contribution is advancing the state-of-the-art towards a turn-key approach where the seed values are known by design and do not rely on domain-specific knowledge to generate or randomly guess across a range of energetic cost functions and desired gait properties (e.g., walking speed, hopping height, etc.), which can limit the usefulness of the typical optimization-based approach. We demonstrate this methodology on a parallel elastic actuated planar monoped with five degrees of freedom. Our work also demonstrates an explicit connection between passive gaits and optimally actuated motions, which has long been an area of interest in the fields of robotics and biome-chanics.
Towards accurate modeling of modular soft pneumatic robots: from volume FEM to Cosserat rod

Compared to their rigid counterparts, soft material robotic systems offer great advantages when it comes to flexibility and adaptability. Despite their advantages, modeling of soft systems is still a challenging task, due to the continuous and often highly nonlinear nature of deformation these systems exhibit. Tasks like motion planning or design optimization of soft robots require computationally cheap models of the system's behavior. In this paper we address this need by deriving operational point dependent Cosserat rod models from detailed volume finite element models (FEM). While the latter offer detailed simulations, they generally come with high computational burden that hinders them from being used in time critical model-based methods like motion planning or control. Basic Cosserat rod models promise to provide computationally efficient mechanical models of soft continuum robots. By using a detailed FE model in an offline stage to identify operational point dependent Cosserat rod models, we bring together the accuracy of volumetric FEM with the efficiency of Cosserat rod models. We apply the approach to a fiber reinforced soft pneumatic bending actuator module (SPA module) and evaluate the model's predictive capabilities for a single module as well as a two-module robot.
Chemical composition of H ii regions in the Small Magellanic Cloud and the pregalactic helium abundance

Photoelectric spectrophotometry of emission lines in the 3700--7400 A range is presented for NGC 346, NGC 356, and NGC 456 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The observations were obtained at CTIO with the 60 inch (1.5 m) telescope and the Harvard scanner. From these observations the chemical abundances of He, N, O, Ne, S, and Ar relative to hydrogen are derived. It is found that N (He)/N (H) =0.078 +- 0.005 for the three H ii regions is the SMC; this value is about 25 percent smaller than the values for the Orion and eta Car nebulae. Oxygen and neon are underabundant by a factor of 7, while nitrogen is underabundant by a factor of 15 in the SMC H ii regions with respect to the values for the Orion Nebula. From the chemical composition of H ii regions in our Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds it is found that the pregalactic value of N (He)/N(H) is 0.074 +- 0.006 (Y=0.228 +- 0.014). The cosmological implications of this result are briefly discussed. (AIP)
A Numerical Study of the Effects of Ambient Flow and Shear On Density Currents

Abstract A numerical model investigation is conducted of the effects of ambient flow and shear upon the propagation and morphology of density currents. The model is initialized with a horizontally homogeneous wind profile superimposed on a cold-air source that initiates and maintains the density currents. The base state is neutrally stratified and free-slip lower and upper boundary conditions are used. A headwind (i.e., relative flow in the direction opposing the system movement) raises the density current head compared to calm surroundings, while a tailwind has the opposite effect. A weak or moderate shear elevates the head for the downshear-traveling system and a shallow multihead structure appears in strong shear. In contrast, the upshear-moving system is largely insensitive to the shear. In uniform flow, the propagation speed is linearly proportional to the ambient wind speed, reduced or enhanced by about three-quarters depending on the airflow direction. In uniform shear, a linear relationship approx.
The Use of Technology-Based Model of Critical Thinking Development to Reshape Students’ Self-Study Process

The aim of this study was to investigate how the use of the technologized model of critical thinking development affected the self-study process of students of higher educational institutions (HEIs). The research methodology was based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative empirical methods, as well as a descriptive approach to data analysis. The study involved a quasi-experimental model supposed to influence the variables under study. The technology-based educational model of autonomous learning with a focus on the critical thinking development in students of HEIs consisted of the following processes, such as: communication, analysis, synthesis, problem-solving, evaluation, and reflection. The Watson Glaser Test was adapted to monitor the level of students’ critical thinking. The average score on the final control of students’ knowledge was used to monitor the experimental group students’ performance. By monitoring the development of students’ critical thinking and the dynamics of their performance in the course of training, where 90% of the time students studied independently, it was established that the use of a technological educational model had a positive effect on the critical thinking of students of HEIs, and as a result, the effectiveness of their self-study.
Mandibular quality assessment in women aged 40-60 years using mandibular cortical index and antegonial index on panoramic radiographs

Objectives: This study aimed to describe the cortical quality of the mandible in women aged 40-60 years by analyzing the mandibular cortical index and antegonial index on panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analytic descriptive study, population, and sample using secondary data on panoramic radiographs of women aged 40-60. The descriptive analysis technique used in this study was the average value (mean), standard deviation, and thickness of the mandibular cortex in radiographs of female patients aged 40-60 years. Results: This study observed variations in mandibular cortical bone quality on panoramic radiographs, with increasing age, bone quality tends to decrease, and there is an effect of gender involvement. Women tend to have lower bone quality, one of which is due to hormonal factors. This study observed variations in mandibular cortical bone quality on panoramic radiographs, with increasing age, bone quality tends to decrease, and there is an effect of gender involvement. Women tend to have lower bone quality, one of which is due to hormonal factors. The age group at risk of osteoporosis had the lowest mandibular cortex width value in the age group of 51-60 years. Conclusion: This study produced a variety of panoramic radiographs of the mandibular cortical bone quality. The value of the width of the mandibular cortex gradually decreases with age. The value of mandibular cortex width is higher in the younger generation.
Stability analysis of 2-D systems

A polynomial stability criterion for 2-D systems is taken as a starting point for introducing a frequency dependent Lyapunov equation. The Fourier analysis of its matrix solution leads to an infinite dimensional quadratic form which provides a Lyapunov function for the global state of the system. The Fourier coefficients are explicitly obtained as the sum of series involving the system matrices. The convergence of these series constitutes a necessary and sufficient stability condition, which generalizes the analogous condition for 1-D systems.
How to proper initialize Gaussian Mixture Models with Optimum-Path Forest

In this paper, we proposed a fast and scalable unsupervised Optimum-Path Forest for improving the initialization of Gaussian mixture models. Taking advantage of Optimum-Path Forest attributes such as on-the-fly number of clusters estimation and its intrinsic non-parametric nature, we exploited the k Approximate Nearest Neighbors graph to build its adjacency relation, enabling it not only to initialize the Expectation-Maximization algorithm but to be employed for clustering on large datasets as well. From experiments conducted on eight datasets, the results indicated the proposed approach is able to encode Gaussian parameters more naturally and intuitively compared to other clustering algorithms such as $k -$means. Furthermore, the proposed approach has shown great scalability, making it a viable alternative to traditional Optimum-Path Forest clustering
Influence of pressure exerted on the sclera during transscleral cyclophotocoagulation

Since its introduction in 1973 by Beckmann et al., transscleral cyclophotocoagulation with the Nd:YAG laser has developed into a successful method in glaucoma therapy. It was initially performed with the aid of non-contact systems, whereby the laser beam was focused by means of a slit lamp. With the introduction of contact systems, for which purpose a number of different probes were employed, the treatment efficiency was found to be improved by a factor between 2 to 6. The transparency of the sclera increases as a function of the pressure exerted. Therefore, the pressure exerted by the contact probe is a critical factor in determining the transmission of laser radiation across the sclera and may in part explain the large differences which are reported in the literature with respect to the effectiveness of this treatment method.
RobinNet: A Multimodal Speech Emotion Recognition System With Speaker Recognition for Social Interactions

It is essential to understand the underlying emotions that are imparted through speech in order to study social communications as well as to generate seamless human–computer interactions. Speech emotion recognition (SER) is a considerably challenging task due to the lack of sufficient data and the complex interdependence of phrases with the context and emotion they imply. This article presents RobinNet: a RoBERTa- and Inception-ResNet-V2-based novel multimodal network for SER. The model employs transfer learning to build two unimodal systems for text and audio features and then incorporates them into a single classifier through Intermediate Fusion. This work has been created after carefully analyzing the performance of various top-performing unimodal systems and then utilizing a fine-tuned RoBERTa-based model to represent the textual features. Furthermore, we utilize an Inception-ResNetV2 pretrained network for Speaker Identification and employ transfer learning to train it for the task of emotion recognition through speech using spectrogram augmentation. The proposed multimodal system combines the two modalities through intermediate fusion and gives out a weighted accuracy (WA) of 72.8% when evaluated against the interactive emotional dyadic motion capture (IEMOCAP) dataset. Experimental results reveal that the proposed multimodal system outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) solutions on the benchmark datasets IEMOCAP, multimodal emotion lines dataset (MELD), and CMU-MOSEI. The proposed model utilizes intermediate fusion unlike any of its predecessors that perform late fusion after significant independent processing, thereby improving the overall artificial multimodal representations.
Determinant Factors of Firm Value: Cash Holdings and Dividend Policy as Mediation

In times of uncertainty such as a crisis, a company needs to maintain its value for its investors. Theory suggests that for uncertainty, the company needs to have cash holding, but on the other hand, it needs to pay dividends. Therefore, this research aims to prove the relationship between factors that affect firm value with cash holding and dividend policy as mediation. We conduct this research on the manufacturing company from 2015 to 2021 registered on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Using the purposive sampling method, 82 company was chosen and 574 data was studied. To test our hypotheses, we use SmartPLS. The results proved that cash holding can influence firm value, while dividend policy cannot. For the indirect effect, we found that profitability and net working capital indirectly affect firm value through cash holding. We explain the theory and practical implications and describe our study’s limitations. For future research, we suggest differentiating firm value before and during a financial crisis, and the industry sector that has the worst, moderate, and light impact from the crisis.
A study of ECT on 278 children and adolescents; methodological, conceptual, and ethical concerns

All the participants were also receiving antidepressants. Many were also taking antipsychotics (46%), and some were on mood stabilizers (11%). Howmany were on benzodiazepines is unclear. This is reported as ‘‘most’’ in the abstract, and 23% in table 1 (Chen et al., 2022); and the most frequently prescribed benzodiazepine was reportedly being taken by 29% of the participants. Since participants were on between one and four psychiatric drugs, little can be concluded about which, if any, of the five interventions (four drugs plus ECT) were responsible for outcomes. The authors, however, attributed the reported improvements entirely to ECT. The authors do not state when the antidepressants were started. If they were started about the same time as the ECT (which seems likely given the participants’ relatively high pre-ECT depression scores), it would be impossible to tell how much of the response was due to ECT.
Different aspects of lactation persistency in dairy cows

Lactation persistency (cowâ€™s ability to maintain milk production after reaching its peak) is a very important economic characteristic in the dairy cattle production system. Different definition and functions for describing and measuring of this trait were proposed by researchers. The random regression model using Legendre polynomial was one of the common and effective methodologies for evaluation of persistency in the last decade. Several factors affecting persistency such as different characteristics of lactation curve, environment factors, reproduction traits and health status of the dairy cow. Based on different studies the heritability of this trait was low to medium and negative or positive amount of genetic correlation between persistency and total milk yield in dairy cattle is attributed to persistency measures and method of data analysis. Persistency is related with low and later peak yield and selecting cows for peak yield will improve persistency and lactation curve traits. Analysis of relationships between persistency and other functional traits show signs that genetic improvement for persistency is possible and favorable. Different aspects and relationships of persistency with various lactation and other functional traits in dairy cows are reviewed in this article.
Salidroside alleviates dexamethasone‐induced inhibition of bone formation via transforming growth factor‐beta/Smad2/3 signaling pathway

Glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis is the third epidemic osteoporosis following postmenopausal and senileosteoporosis. According to one study, salidroside made ovariectomized rats' bones strong. Salidroside's potential for treating glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis remains unproven. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of salidroside on dexamethasone‐induced osteogenic differentiation and bone formation in MC3T3‐E1 cells and zebrafish. The study proved that salindroside had no harmful impact on MC3T3E1 cells. Salidroside significantly relieved dexamethasone‐induced inhibition of ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity and mineralization in MC3T3‐E1 cells, and promoted osteogenic differentiation of cells. Salidroside increased the expression of osteopontin (OPN), runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osterix (Osx), transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) proteins and promoted the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in MC3T3‐E1 cells treated with dexamethasone. In addition, the effect of salidroside in relieving dexamethasone‐induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3‐E1 cells can be blocked by TGF‐β receptor type I/II inhibitor (LY2109761). At the same time, we found that salidroside significantly alleviated the inhibition of dexamethasone‐induced bone formation in zebrafish and promoted the mineralization of zebrafish skulls. LY2109761 reversed the protective impact of salidroside on dexamethasone‐mediated bone impairment in zebrafish. These findings suggested that salidroside alleviated dexamethasone‐induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation and bone formation via TGF‐β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.
On Scaled Almost-Diagonal Hermitian Matrix Pairs

This paper contains estimates concerning the block structure of Hermitian matrices H and M, which make a scaled diagonally dominant definite pair. The obtained bounds are expressed in terms of relative gaps in the spectrum of the pair (H,M) and norms of certain blocks of the matrices DHD and DMD, where D is either $[|\mbox{diag(H)}|]^{-{1}/{2}}$ or $[\mbox{diag(M)}]^{-{1}/{2}}$. If either of the matrices H, M is diagonal, the new results assume simple and applicable form. For scaled diagonally dominant Hermitian matrices, the new estimates compare favorably with the existing ones for accurate location of the smallest eigenvalues.
Development of Low-Inertia Backdrivable Arm Focusing on Learning-Based Control

A robot designed to coexist and work with humans in the same workspace should be able to work at the same speed as humans and have safe contact with humans and with the environment. However, when a robot arm has been given flexibility through mechanisms and controls for the purpose of coexistence, it is difficult for it to perform tasks at the speed and accuracy desired by humans if it is moved simply by using conventional position-based controls. With such an arm, we consider that the use of learning-based control is necessary to achieve both safety and speed. Therefore, we prototyped a low-inertia, high-backdrivability arm as a platform for studying learning-based control and tested two types of learning-based control. This paper describes our design process, in which hardware suitable for learning-based control was developed according to the requirements of the specific task. It also presents the results of our evaluation experiments, in which tasks involving quick movements and motion requiring physical contact with an object were performed using learning-based control.