Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG35-55) on Cell Differentiation and Abzymes Production in Transgenic EAE-Prone Th Mice with T Cells Response During the Development of Experimental Encephalomyelitis

Background: The mechanisms of multiple sclerosis development are still unknown. It was shown that the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in EAE prone C57BL/6 mice (model mimicking human multiple sclerosis) having B and T lymphocyte responses is associated with modification in the differentiation profiles of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the increase in lymphocyte proliferation. Methods: Only T cell responses characterize other EAE transgenic prone Th mice. Different characteristics of the autoimmune reaction in Th mice were analyzed. During the development of EAE (and inflammation processes), the differentiation profiles of Th mice bone marrow HSCs (BFU-E, CFU-E, CFU-GM, CFU-GEMM, T, and B lymphocytes) were noticeably or significantly different in male and female mice before and after their immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55). Results: The patterns of B and T (including CD4 and CD8 cells) lymphocytes proliferation in several organs (spleen, thymus, bone marrow, blood, and lymph nodes) during spontaneous (completely untreated mice) and MOG-treatment-accelerated development of EAE was also remarkably or significantly different in male and female mice. All these changes in male and female mice, despite some differences, were coupled with the increase in the concentrations of autoantibodies against DNA, myelin basic protein, and MOG, and with the increase in the relative activity of catalytic antibodies hydrolyzing these antigens. Conclusions: A comparison of the changes in a large number of parameters characterizing the development of EAE in Th and C57BL/6 mice was carried out. It was shown that MOG very much accelerates the development of EAE in Th mice with T cell responses. Despite some differences, the general patterns of the developing of spontaneous and MOG-accelerated EAE in Th male and female mice and in C57BL/6 mice are similar to a notable extent.
Intercalation and Ordering of F6TCNNQ and F4TCNQ Dopants in Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Crystals: Impact on Anisotropic Thermoelectric Properties of Oriented Thin Films

Redox doping is widely used to transform polymer semiconductors such as regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) into conducting polymers. Strong acceptor molecules such as F 6 TCNNQ and F 4 TCNQ have been used for sequential doping of aligned P3HT films to produce films with enhanced thermoelectric properties along the chain direction. This study uses Polarized UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy and electron diffraction to clarify the way dopant molecules are introduced in the crystals of P3HT. A structural model is obtained for F 6 TCNNQ-doped P3HT (P-1 symmetry, a=18.8 Å, b=8.95 Å, c=7.75Å,  =107.6°,  =101.5° and  =89.3°). The proposed structure is consistent with the electron diffraction pattern and polarized UV-vis-NIR results. The model predicts intercalation of one dopant per four thiophene monomers, reduced  -stacking distance and expanded unit cell along alkyl side chains. Both TEM and polarized absorption spectroscopy demonstrate that F 6 TCNNQ molecules are better ordered than F 4 TCNQ in the P3HT crystals, leading to improved charge conductivities reaching 500 S/cm with thermoelectric power factors close to 80  W m -1 K -2 .
A new record of the brassy chub, Kyphosus vaigiensis (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Kyphosidae), from the Mediterranean Sea

One individual of the brassy chub, Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy et Gaimard, 1825) (41.5 cm TL, 1.27 kg TW), was caught off Annaba, on the eastern coasts of Algeria in December 2013. This circumtropical fish is found for the first time on the south-western Mediterranean coasts. The chronology of its records in the Mediterranean supports the hypothesis of its Atlantic origin.
Survey of Millimeter-Wave Propagation Measurements and Models in Indoor Environments

The millimeter-wave (mmWave) is expected to deliver a huge bandwidth to address the future demands for higher data rate transmissions. However, one of the major challenges in the mmWave band is the increase in signal loss as the operating frequency increases. This has attracted several research interests both from academia and the industry for indoor and outdoor mmWave operations. This paper focuses on the works that have been carried out in the study of the mmWave channel measurement in indoor environments. A survey of the measurement techniques, prominent path loss models, analysis of path loss and delay spread for mmWave in different indoor environments is presented. This covers the mmWave frequencies from 28 GHz to 100 GHz that have been considered in the last two decades. In addition, the possible future trends for the mmWave indoor propagation studies and measurements have been discussed. These include the critical indoor environment, the roles of artificial intelligence, channel characterization for indoor devices, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, and mmWave for 6G systems. This survey can help engineers and researchers to plan, design, and optimize reliable 5G wireless indoor networks. It will also motivate the researchers and engineering communities towards finding a better outcome in the future trends of the mmWave indoor wireless network for 6G systems and beyond.
Investigating Atmospheric Inputs of Dissolved Black Carbon to the Santa Barbara Channel During the Thomas Fire (California, USA)

The Thomas Fire ignited on December 4, 2017 and burned for over one month. As the Thomas Fire burned, Santa Ana winds carried a thick plume of smoke and ash over the Santa Barbara Channel. We sought to determine whether the deposition of Thomas Fire ash to the Santa Barbara Channel had a measurable effect on the concentration and stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of dissolved black carbon (DBC) in coastal waters. DBC is the condensed aromatic fraction of thermally altered organic carbon quantified using the benzenepolycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method. DBC δ13C signatures were determined via BPCA‐specific stable carbon isotopic analysis. Surface water DBC concentrations beneath the smoke plume were up to 13% higher than other sampling stations. Via controlled leaching experiments, we found that Thomas Fire ash released a considerable amount of DBC in seawater (1.4 g‐DBC per kg of ash organic carbon), which was further enhanced by photodissolution. By combining in situ and experimental data, we constructed an isotopic mixing model to estimate inputs of ash‐derived DBC to marine surface waters. Although we were able to detect slight elevations in DBC concentrations beneath the smoke plume, the ash‐derived contributions were too small to meaningfully shift the δ13C signature, which resulted in an observed mismatch between modeled and measured DBC δ13C values. Few studies have investigated the immediate impacts of wildfire on coastal biogeochemistry. Therefore, our work provides an important foundation for understanding atmospheric contributions of fire‐derived DBC to coastal margins.
Global regulation by output feedback for feedforward systems with time delays

ABSTRACT In this paper, an output feedback controller with logarithmic function is constructed to address the objective of global regulation for a class of feedforward nonlinear systems with time delays. Firstly, discrete delays and distributed delays are allowed in the input and output as well as states of the considered system. Secondly, compared to the conventional research contributions of state feedback regulation, not only the condition that the output signal is needed to design the control strategy become relaxed, but also the information about the discrete delays and distributed delays that need to be known is less. Finally, different from the existing research results, based on the time-varying gain technology and Lyapunov–Razumikhin theorem, the output feedback global regulation controller constructed here is more lucid in structure and more perfect in function. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of global regulation about the proposed approach for the considered system.
Does immigration boost public Euroscepticism in European Union member states?

A number of studies have established a strong link between anti-immigration and Eurosceptic attitudes. But does this relationship necessarily imply that more immigration would increase public Euroscepticism in member states of the European Union? I evaluate this question by analyzing immigration data and Eurobarometer survey data over the period 2009–2017. The analysis shows no evidence that individual levels of Euroscepticism increase with actual levels of immigration. This result suggests that a strong link between anti-immigration and Eurosceptic attitudes does not necessarily translate into a strong link between immigration levels and public Euroscepticism. Public Euroscepticism can still be low even if immigration levels are high.
Constructing National Values: The Nationally Distinctive Turn in Russian IR Theory and Foreign Policy

As the world moves away from the West-centered international system, IR scholars are increasingly turning their attention to substance and formation of national values. Using the case of Russia, we show how distinct schools of IR theory and foreign policy dominant in the country have come to recognize the importance of national values as a lens through which to assess the country's means and goals of development. Each in its way, these schools—Civilizationists, Statists, and Westernizers—have prioritized “the national” in the country's future. We explain Russia's turn to the national by stressing the country's ontological insecurity, the role of the Russian state, and Western actions that contribute to creating and exacerbating the conditions of ontological insecurity. The case of Russia has important implications for understanding the role of national values in the formation of foreign policy and IR theory.
Electricity demand and price forecasting model for sustainable smart grid using comprehensive long short term memory

ABSTRACT This paper proposes an electricity demand and price forecast model of the smart city large datasets using a single comprehensive Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based on a sequence-to-sequence network. Real electricity market data from the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Several simulations with different configurations are executed on actual data to produce reliable results. The validation results indicate that the devised model is a better option to forecast the electricity demand and price with an acceptably smaller error. A comparison of the proposed model is also provided with a few existing models, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Regression Tree (RT), and Neural Nonlinear Autoregressive network with Exogenous variables (NARX). Compared to SVM, RT, and NARX, the performance indices, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the proposed forecasting model has been improved by 11.25%, 20%, and 33.5% respectively considering demand, and by 12.8%, 14.5%, and 47% respectively considering the price; similarly, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) has been improved by 14%, 22.5%, and 32.5% respectively considering demand, and by 8.4%, 21% and 61% respectively considering price. Additionally, the proposed model can produce reliable forecast results without large historical datasets.
Optimization of Bread Quality of Wheat Flour with Psyllium Addition by Using Response Surface Methodology

ABSTRACT The influence of psyllium and water level on dough rheological properties during fermentation and wheat bread properties was modeled by response surface methodology. Sixteen breads with different combinations of psyllium (0, 2, 4 and 6%) and water levels (60, 65, 70 and 75%) according to the full factorial design were formulated. Dough behavior during fermentation and bread quality characteristics like loaf volume, porosity and elasticity were measured. Negative effects of psyllium on all Rheofermentometer values were recorded whereas on bread quality characteristics only when low water level was incorporated in bread recipe. When the amount of water was increased, there was an improvement of psyllium-enriched white bread, the optimum dose of psyllium addition being obtained at 3.53% for 75% dough hydration level. The models developed shown optimum combinations of psyllium and dough hydration level in order to produce a psyllium-enriched white bread of desired bread quality.
Development of CZTSSe thin films based solar cells

The main objective of this PhD thesis was directed toward establishing and explaining the relationships between synthesis conditions of CZTSSe, its physical properties and performance of photovoltaic devices. To tackle this task, the first step is to understand the formation mechanism of the material in relation to the growth conditions. CZTSSe is synthesized by a two-step selenization process, where a first step of precursor deposition by PVD is followed by a second step of annealing. Different precursor stacking orders are studied in order to understand the sequence of reactions that, starting from their deposition, leads to the final CZTSSe layer. This study has required a strong effort on the material characterization at each step of the synthesis. The result demonstrates that in the case of our two-step process, the final material obtained after a selenization annealing at high temperature (570°C) for a long time (30 min) is independent of the precursor stacking order, but that the intermediate steps during the selenization process are strongly influenced by the position of the copper and tin layers in the precursor stack, . The possible benefits resulting from incorporation of sodium in CZTSSe are also studied. This work is carried out by synthesizing CZTSSe on different sodium-containing substrates: in this way sodium migrates from the substrates to the absorber. After quantification of Na in CZTSSe right after growth, the latter is characterized to evaluate its quality and employed in a full solar cell to check on its photovoltaic properties. Results demonstrate that, as for CIGS technology, sodium is beneficial for CZTSSe allowing increasing the open circuit voltage and efficiency. Molybdenum is the most used back contact in CZTSSe based solar cells. However, it has been suggested recently that Mo is not stable at the interface with CZTSSe. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, no experimental study has been carried out so far to test whether solar cells built on another back contact could exhibit better photovoltaic properties. For this purpose, various metals (Au, W, Pd, Pt, and Ni) are deposited on top of Mo, and it is demonstrated that it is possible to synthesize device-quality CZTSSe thin films on W, Au, and Pt back contacts. It is shown that that W and Au back contacts allow enhancing the photogenerated current, but that Mo remains the best back contact in terms of power conversion efficiency. The effects of [S]/([S]+[Se]) ratio tuning on CZTSSe based solar cell performances are studied by solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS) to find out the optimum absorber composition. The simulations lead to an efficiency of 16.5% (with open-circuit voltage of 0.56 V, short-circuit current of 37.0 mA/cm2 and fill factor of 79.0%) when the sulfur content is linearly decreased from the back contact towards the buffer layer. Based on these results, we propose that bandgap engineering based on the control of [S]/([S]+[Se]) ratio in the absorber is a powerful tool which allows increasing the performances of CZTSSe based solar cells without changing the absorber material quality.
Reducing the Risk of Preterm Preeclampsia: Comparison of Two First Trimester Screening and Treatment Strategies in a Single Centre in Switzerland

Abstract Introduction First trimester screening for preeclampsia (PE) is based on the combined risks model. Recent trials demonstrate that variations in multiple of the medians (MoMs) of the screening markers influence the performance of the algorithm in different populations. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of the algorithm in two cohorts with different prevention strategies. Material and Methods All first trimester screening tests performed between January 2014 and April 2020 were included. Up to June 2017 pregnancies with a risk > 1 : 200 for early-onset PE (eoPE) were considered at risk and received 100 mg of aspirin (strategy A). From July 2017 onwards, pregnancies with a risk > 1 : 100 for preterm PE (pPE) received 150 mg of aspirin (strategy B). We compared the screen positive rates (SPR) and incidence of PE between the two screening approaches. Statistical analysis were performed with Graphpad 8.0. Results 3552 pregnancies were included; 1577 pregnancies were screened according to strategy A, 1975 pregnancies according to strategy B. The screen positive rate (SPR) for strategy A and B was 8.9 and 16.9% respectively (p < 0.0001) while the incidence of PE was 1.41 and 1.84% respectively (p = ns). Conclusion With a SPR of less than 10% we achieved a remarkably low rate of PE in our population, no further reduction in PE could be achieved by an increase in the SPR and LDA-prescription during the second screening period. The cut-off to define a pregnancy at risk for PE should be tailored to keep the SPR below 10% to avoid unnecessary treatment with aspirin.
Formation, mechanism and significance of alluvial‐dammed lakes in Golmud River catchment, north‐eastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

This study investigated a series of dammed lakes and downstream‐adjacent alluvial fans in the upstream to middle reaches of the Golmud River in the eastern Kunlun Mountain, on the north‐eastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP). An optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) chronology shows the sediments of five dammed lakes developed from c. 45–40, 30–25, 18–14, and 12–8 ka, corresponding to MIS 3b, late MIS 3a, Last Deglaciation, and early Holocene, respectively. The remote sensing data show these dammed lakes have a total area of 109.4 km2, with the lake volume of more than 4.0 km3. Symmetric alluvial fans from north–south tributary valleys produced OSL ages of c. 61–52, 42–31, 26–20, and 16–10 ka, corresponding to glaciation periods: the MIS 3c and MIS 3a, MIS 2, and the Last Deglaciation. This suggests that glacial activity is responsible for the alluvial fan development, where dammed rivers occurred first, but lake formation did not take place synchronously until later periods of strong hydrologic activity, resulting from northward intrusions of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) or glacier melt. Thus, the blocking pattern is that river valleys were dammed during periods of glacial activity and lakes formed during wet periods. The lake formation and subsequent drainage may have resulted in: (i) impeded headwater incision and strengthening of downstream dissection; (ii) enriched the halite and potash in the distal Qarhan Salt Lake through hydrologic and hydrochemical processes of abundant water input, the salt lake expansion, salt redissolution from playa and final resedimentation during later dry periods. The alluvial‐dammed lake pattern in the mountain‐basin systems of eastern Kunlun Mountain offers a model for assessing the linkages between monsoon dynamics, geomorphic processes and distal salt lake evolutions in other arid regions.
Fear of Brain Drain: Russian Academic Community on Internationalization of Education

The emigration of skilled and able workers from Russia markedly increased in the last five years, prompting Russian scholars to reassess the phenomenon of brain drain, its definition, scope, consequences and causes. This article finds that the perceived connection between increasing `brain drain’ from Russia and the internationalization of higher education in Russia has played an important role in recent debates. From an analysis of Russian scholarly articles and transcripts of interviews with Russian educators directly involved in internationalization, this study finds that despite the evident concern amongst the Russian academic community about the nexus between internationalization and brain drain, emigration is still seen as a perfect choice for an individual who is skilled and able. This ambivalent attitude towards `brain drain’ has created a situation where some Russian academics use it to justify their resistance to internationalization assuming a causal relationship between the two, while others, by word and deed, support internationalization as a means of curbing emigration. In the context of controversial educational reforms underway in Russia since the 1990s, such perceptions have helped internationalization survive.
RSM-Based Optimization of the Parameters Affecting TiO2-Mediated UV Photocatalysis of Vehicular Emissions in Enclosed Parking Garages

In the preceding times, the number of enclosed parking garages has increased significantly in developing nations. The toxic emissions from vehicular exhausts are expected to drastically compromise the environmental conditions of the parking garages. Subsequently, exposure of humans to these accumulated pollutants is also expected to degrade their health. Therefore, in the present investigation, efforts were made to estimate the applicability of TiO2-mediated UV photocatalysis in degrading the concentration of vehicular emissions, viz., NOx and SO2, in the enclosed parking garages (EPGs). In this regard, an artificial EPGs’ environment was created and experiments were designed using the Box-Behnken design in combination with response surface methodology. The process parameters chosen for maximizing the degradation of the pollutants were a concentration of TiO2 emulsion (20 to 120 ml/m2), UV irradiance (1 to 5 mW/cm2), and relative humidity (10 to 50%). Optimization of the laboratory experiments revealed that at optimal conditions of the process parameters, i.e., a concentration of TiO2 emulsion = 77.50 ml / m 2 , intensity of UV irradiance = 3 mW / c m 2 , and relative humidity = 43.2 % , maximum degradation of the NOx and SO2, i.e., 61.24% and 55.05%, respectively, was achieved. Further, it was revealed that relative humidity may prove to be the limiting factor while using the TiO2-mediated UV photocatalysis in humid areas. Findings of this study may prove beneficial in urban planning as it may assist scientific auditory and local authorities in identifying the applicability of TiO2-based photocatalysis in mitigating the impacts of vehicular emissions.
Parasites and promiscuity: Acute disease salience leads to more restricted sexual attitudes

How does disease threat influence sexual attitudes and behaviors? Although research on the influence of disease threat on social behavior has grown considerably, the relationship between perceived disease threat and sexual attitudes remains unclear. The current preregistered study (analyzed N = 510), investigated how experimental reminders of disease threat influence attitudes and anticipated future behaviors pertaining to short-term sexual relationships, using an ecologically valid disease prime. The central preregistered prediction was that experimental manipulation of disease threat would lead to less favorable attitudes and inclinations toward sexual promiscuity. Results were consistent with this preregistered prediction, relative to both a neutral control condition and a non-disease threat condition. These experimental results were buttressed by the finding that dispositional variation in worry about disease threat predicted less favorable attitudes and inclinations toward short-term sexual relationships. This study represents the first preregistered investigation of the implications of acute disease threat for sexual attitudes.