Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE INDIAN SOCIETY OF OILSEEDS RESEARCH

In India linseed (Linum usitatissium L.) is grown mainly for seeds which has high industrial, nutritive and medicinal value. Bast fibre obtained from straw which has an additive value. India ranks second in area but productivity of crop is very low. One of the major factors affecting its productivity is diseases. The important diseases damaging linseed crop in India are mainly fungal, causing crop losses upto 80-100 per cent under epidemic condition. Rust (Melampsora lini Erenb), wilt [Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini (Bolley) Snyder & Hansen], Alternaria blight (Alternaria lini Dey, A. linicola Groves and Skolko), powdery mildew [Oidium lini Skoric, Leviellula taurica (Lev.) Arnaud] are the major ones. The minor diseases are Macrophomina/Rhizoctonica wilt/collar rot, Sclerotium stem rot, Pythium damping-off, Botrytis rot, anthracnose and Dreschlera blight. The number of seed borne mycoflora are more. Bacterial disease has not been reported and only tobacco leaf curl virus has been reported. Few nematodes viz., Rotylenchus reniformis, Tylenchorynchus brevidens, Meloidogyne incognita, M. hapla and Pratylenchus are known to be associated with root. A phanerogamic parasite, cuscuta also become a serious problem in certain areas. The paper deals with the diseases occurring, crop losses and management of the commercially important oilseed crop in India.
The Potential Interaction between Nutrition of Twin-Bearing Ewes' and the Performance Growth of their Newborns

The purpose was to determine impact of nutritional treatments containing energy and protein on ewes body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), milk production, newborn of lambs behavior and blood parameters of twin-bearing ewes. At trimester of pregnancy, one hundred-fifty shearing Rahmani ewes had been scanned to choose twin-bearing ewes. Then, twenty-four ewes had been diagnosed twin-bearing actually. They age from 3 to 4 years, BW 51.30±0.39 kg and BCS 2.54±0.16 (on a scale of 1 to 5). They were allocated to 3rd nutritional treatments (n=8/ treatment). Ewes in T1 were received rations consisted of concentrate fed mixture (CFM) + roughage included berseem hay (BH) + rice straw (RS). However ewes in T2 and T3 were fed the previous ration addition with protected fat (PF) and corn steep liquor (CSL), respictevely. Then, T1, T2 and T3 were offered from 100 day until weaning according to NRC (2007) . Resulting indicated that either T2 or T3 to twin-bearing ewe from trimester of pregnancy to weaning could be achieved the greatest (P<0.05) BW and BCS, improvement (P<0.05) of lambs behavior, more amount of suckling milk , composition, had more (P<0.05) lambs' body weight and verity serum blood metabolic than those ewes in T1 ration. Then, this study concluded that it is optimal for farmers to addition either energy (as 4% PF) or protein (as 20% CSL) to rations which have benefit for twin-bearing ewe without any losses in twin-bearing and performance growth of their newborns.
Unsteady MHD Mixed Convection Flow of Water over a Sphere with Mass Transfer

This paper examines the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection flow over a sphere combined with variable fluid properties. An implicit finite difference scheme, together with the quasi-linearization, is used to find non-similar solutions for the governing equations. The vanishing skin friction is prevented or at least delayed by enhancing the mixed convection in both the cases of steady and unsteady fluid flow. Both skin friction and heat transfer coefficients are found to be increasing with an increase in time or MHD parameter.
Mother Tongue Based Language Education in Philippines And Cambodia: A Comparative Study

The implementation of Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education addresses numerous educational issues in the Philippines and Cambodia by recognizing a child's mother tongue, culture, and context as the foundation of learning. The study used literature juxtaposition and qualitative meta-analysis to conduct a rigorous secondary qualitative analysis of primary qualitative findings. This is to provide a more comprehensive description of the implementation of MTB-MLE in both countries and its perceived effects on the indigenous communities. The study determined that most mother tongue-based education in both countries occur in the non-formal sector, particularly at the preschool or adult literacy classes. Most programs are run by non-governmental actors, such as local and international NGOs and other civil society actors. It further concludes that this learning initiative helped the marginalized minorities through supporting the use of their mother tongue and helping them make sense of the words and the world they are in. This learning initiative would encourage students to achieve more and would allow them to relate their everyday reality to reality nationally, internationally, and globally. Keywords— Mother Tongue-Based Education, Multilingual Education, Comparative Study, Philippines, Cambodia.
Development of a High-Throughput Method to Study the Inhibitory Effect of Phytochemicals on Trimethylamine Formation

Choline is metabolized by the gut microbiota into trimethylamine (TMA), the precursor of pro-atherosclerotic molecule trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). A reduction in TMA formation has shown cardioprotective effects, and some phytochemicals may reduce TMA formation. This study aimed to develop an optimized, high-throughput anaerobic fermentation methodology to study the inhibition of choline microbial metabolism into TMA by phenolic compounds with healthy human fecal starter. Optimal fermentation conditions were: 20% fecal slurry (1:10 in PBS), 100 µM choline, and 12 h fermentation. Additionally, 10 mM of 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) was defined as a positive TMA production inhibitor, achieving a ~50% reduction in TMA production. Gallic acid and chlorogenic acid reported higher TMA inhibitory potential (maximum of 80–90% TMA production inhibition), with IC50 around 5 mM. Neither DMB nor gallic acid or chlorogenic acid reduced TMA production through cytotoxic effects, indicating mechanisms such as altered TMA-lyase activity or expression.
Estimation of optimal obesity cut-offs among Tripuri and Halam women of Tripura, Northeast India

Obesity is one of the risk assessments for various non-communicable diseases (NCDs), while anthropometric measurements are one of the measures of obesity, which has been demonstrated as a time-tested important technique for risk assessment of NCDs. Due to variation of anthropometric measurements, it seems difficult to classify obesity using world cut-offs in different population groups. The objective of the present study is to discern the population-specific obesity cut-offs and the best obesity predictor among two indigenous ethnic groups (Tripuri and Halam women) of Tripura, North East India. The subjects of the present study were 88 Tripuri and 98 Halam adult women whose anthropometric measurements were obtained by using standard techniques. The area under curve (AUC) and Youden index (YI) were used to evaluate the performance of each anthropometric adiposity indicator as well as optimal obesity cut-offs. The age and waist-hip ratio (WHR) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Tripuris compared to Halams. However, no significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed in obesity categorized by body mass index (BMI) using the WHO 2004 cut-off between the populations. Waist stature ratio (WSR) (AUC = 0.959) and waist circumference (WC) (AUC = 0.804) were better obesity predictors for Halams and Tripuris respectively. The present study envisaged the optimal cut-off points, which were 84.95 cm for WC, 96.45 cm for hip circumference (HC), 29.95% for the percentage of body fat (PBF), 0.89 for WHR, 0.57 for WSR and 1.27 for conicity index (CI) in Halams, while for the Tripuris, the optimal cut-off points were 89.6 cm for WC, 97.5 cm for HC, 33.1% for PBF, 0.95 for WHR, 0.55 for WSR and 1.02 for CI. In conclusion, the present study indicated the optimal anthropometric cut-offs which could be the redefined the parameters for assessment of obesity in Halam and Tripuri women.
TRAFFIC FLOW MODELS WITH NONLOCAL LOOKING AHEAD-BEHIND DYNAMICS

Motivated by the traffic flow model with Arrhenius lookahead relaxation dynamics introduced in [25], this paper proposes a traffic flow model with look ahead relaxation-behind intensification by inserting look behind intensification dynamics to the flux. Finite time shock formation conditions in the proposed model with various types of interaction potentials are identified. Several numerical experiments are performed in order to demonstrate the performance of the modified model. It is observed that, comparing to other well-known macroscopic traffic flow models, the model equipped with look ahead relaxation-behind intensification has both enhanced dispersive and smoothing effects
THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION ON INCOME INEQUALITY

This paper examines the relationship between economic globalization and within-country income inequality accounting for countries’ differences in development level. The study focuses on the effect of trade openness, FDI inflows, the remittances received and the import tariff rate on the Gini coefficient using a panel data analysis in a sample of 68 developed and developing countries for the period 1980-2018. I find that trade liberalization increases inequality in both developed and developing countries. FDI inflows are associated with greater inequality within developing countries while the effect is negative for developed ones. Finally, the remittances received are related to increasing inequality in developed countries whereas they are found to reduce it in developing economies. Supervisor: dr. Agnieszka Markiewicz Second assessor: dr. Aksel Erbahar THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION ON INCOME INEQUALITY 2
Morpho-Agronomical and Nutritional Evaluation of Cultivated Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum) Lines Sown in Autumn and Spring Seasons

Nowadays diploid einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum), widely cultivated in the Neolithic age, has been reconsidered as the valuable genetic resource for breeding and organic farming due to its high resistance to pests and diseases, adaptation to harsh climates, ability to provide acceptable yields on poor soils even with low/without inputs and high nutritional values. In this research, local 45 cultivated einkorn lines, selected from 500 single rows planted by each single spikes collected from total 50 farmers’ fields in 34 villages of Kastamonu/Turkey, were evaluated in terms of their morpho-agronomical traits and nutritional characteristics during two sowing seasons, autumn 2017 and spring 2018. Einkorn lines sown in two different seasons showed significant variations for heading time, plant height, lodging susceptibility, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, gross grain yield, amount of glume, single kernel weight, kernel diameter, hardness index, grain protein content and the color (a, b, L) values of flour. Furthermore, most of the correlation coefficients between these characteristics were found to be significant. All lines showed “facultative” growth habit, flowering well when sown both in autumn and in spring. Although lines sown in autumn had more yields, the same lines sown in spring provided higher grain quality and more resistance to lodging due to having shorter stems. In order to enable sustainable future use of einkorn, further research is suggested for reduction of plant height to avoid lodging and improvement of grain yield to compete with modern high yielding wheat cultivars.
Higher Glucose and Insulin Levels Are Associated withRiskofLiverCancerandChronicLiverDisease MortalityamongMenwithoutaHistoryofDiabetes

Insulin resistance likely increases the risk of chronic liver disease (CLD) and liver cancer, but long-term prospective studies with measured fasting glucose and insulin are lacking. We evaluated the associations of prediagnostic fasting glucose, insulin, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with liver cancer and CLDmortality in a prospective study of Finnish male smokers with extended follow-up time ( 22 years) and information on known risk factors using data from138 incident primary liver cancer cases, 216CLDdeaths, and 681matched controls. Fasting glucose and insulin weremeasured in baseline serum. We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for age, alcohol, education, smoking, body mass index, and hepatitis B and C viral status. Among those without self-reported diabetes, glucose was positively associated with liver cancer [quartile 3 vs. quartile 1 (Q3/Q1): OR 1⁄4 1.88; 1.03–3.49; Q4/Q1: OR 1⁄4 2.40; 1.33–4.35; Ptrend 1⁄4 0.002], and undiagnosed, biochemically defined, diabetes was associated with higher risk of liver cancer (OR 1⁄4 2.95; 1.46–5.96) and CLD mortality (OR 1⁄4 1.88; 1.00– 3.56). Serum insulin and HOMA-IR were also positively associated with liver cancer (Q4/Q1: OR 1⁄4 3.41; 1.74–6.66; Ptrend < 0.0001; OR 1⁄4 3.72; 1.89–7.32, Ptrend < 0.0001, respectively) and CLD (OR 1⁄4 2.51; 1.44–4.37; Ptrend 1⁄4 0.0002; OR 1⁄4 2.31; 1.34– 3.97; Ptrend 1⁄4 0.001, respectively), with stronger associations observed for liver cancer diagnosed >10 years after baseline. In conclusion, elevated fasting glucose and insulin and insulin resistance were independently associated with risk of liver cancer and CLD mortality, suggesting a potentially important etiologic role for insulin and glucose dysregulation even in the absence of diagnosed diabetes. Cancer Prev Res; 9(11); 866–74. 2016 AACR.
From the Editor

To the Editor: In 1975, Paiva (2) reported the results of an analysis of a two-compartment model of ventilation. The model included different volume expansions and different time courses of emptying of the two compartments, and Paiva computed gas concentrations and slopes of phase III for a multibreath washout of a test gas. He noted that the slopes of phase III, normalized by mean concentration in the expired gas (SN), increased nearly linearly with breath number for several breaths and approached an asymptotic value at large breath numbers. Later, Paiva and Engel (3) analyzed the diffusional transport at a branch with different flows in the branches. The analysis revealed a diffusional pendelluft between the branches that contributed to gas mixing. Paiva et al. (4) noted that this mechanism produced a value of SN that was relatively large for the first breath and quickly reached a limiting value. They denoted this mechanism in which diffusional transport occurs between convective pathways as diffusion-convection-dependent inhomogeneity (dcdi) to distinguish it from convection-dependent inhomogeneity (cdi), in which transport occurs only along pathways. They argued that these two mechanisms were distinguishable in plots of SN vs. breath number (n) by virtue of the following characteristics: the contribution of dcdi is large for breath 1, increases slightly during the next few breaths, and remains constant for higher breath numbers, whereas the contribution of cdi continues to increase with n. A small but persistent stream of papers has followed. Differences between plots of SN vs. n for gases with different diffusivities and changes in these differences with changes in gravity or posture have been interpreted according to these ideas. Recently, I was asked to review a paper from this school. In my review, I expressed my concern that data on SN were being overinterpreted. Rather than lying in the bushes as a reviewer, it seems better to express these concerns publicly, and that is the purpose of this letter. My belief that plots of SN vs. n are being overinterpreted is based on the results of more modeling. A slightly extended, but still extremely simplified, model of nonuniform ventilation illustrates this point. The model is a compartmental model with different volume expansions and different time courses of emptying for the compartments. The model is described as follows. Total lung volume, nondimensionalized by end-inspiratory lung volume, is denoted as VL. In the washout maneuver, each breath extends from VL 5 1⁄2 to VL 5 1. The lung is divided into m compartments with equal volumes at VL 5 1. The volume of the ith compartment, nondimensionalized by its end-inspiratory volume, is denoted Vi. The nondimensionalized compartmental volumes are assumed to be quadratic functions of VL.
Outcome of an educational training programme on blood glucose monitoring among nurses 
in the management of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycemia

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that can lead to an increased length of hospital stay, delayed healing, and exacerbation of co-morbidities with complications arising if not properly managed. Better understanding and maintenance of normal blood glucose by nurses can positively influence care outcomes. The study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge on the management of diabetes and skills in blood glucose monitoring. Materials and method. A structured preand post-questionnaire was used to assess nurses’ knowledge on the management of diabetes, and a structured checklist was used to assess their skills in blood glucose monitoring. Three hundred and thirtyeight (338) participants directly involved in the provision of care to diabetic patients were randomly selected for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results. The study revealed that 58.9% of the respondents scored above the mean score of 33.1±3.5 during pre-assessment, which shows they had a good baseline knowledge of blood glucose. A post-intervention finding showed 64.8% scored above the mean score of 36.3±3.1. Assessment of nurses’ knowledge of blood glucose monitoring proficiency showed that 70.1% scored above the mean score of 11.4. Conclusions. The educational intervention programme with a practical training session was an effective method of approach for improving blood glucose management among the participants. However, it is recommended that protocols and practice guidelines should be placed at strategic locations, and methods of empowering nurses, such as providing them with equipment needed to sustain this practice, should be heightened.
Adolescents’ perceptions of covitality and academic performance: The moderating role of school climate

Η ψυχοκοινωνική προσαρμογή των παιδιών και των eφήβων έχeι μeλeτηθeί διeθνώς, σe σχέση μe ποικίλους παράγοντeς σe ατομικό και συστημικό eπίπeδο, μe στόχο τον eντοπισμό των μeταβλητών που μπορούν να λeιτουργήσουν ως προστατeυτικοί παράγοντeς και να συμβάλλουν στην προαγωγή της κοινωνικής και συναισθηματικής τους υγeίας. Στο άρθρο αυτό eξeτάζeται η σχέση μeταξύ των αντιλήψeων eφήβων μαθητών Γυμνασίου σχeτικά μe το σχολικό κλίμα και της κοινωνικής και συναισθηματικής τους υγeίας. Στην έρeυνα συμμeτeίχαν 745 έφηβοι μαθητές (ΣΜ.Ο 14.4 έτη) από Γυμνάσια της eυρύτeρης πeριοχής των Αθηνών τα οποία eπιλέχθηκαν μe τυχαίο τρόπο. Τα eργαλeία που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για τη συλλογή των δeδομένων ήταν το Eρωτηματολόγιο Ψυχοκοινωνικής και Συναισθηματικής Υγeίας [Social Emotional Health Survey–Secondary (SEHS-S) (Furlong, You, Renshaw, Smith, & O’Malley, 2013)], το Eρωτηματολόγιο Σχολικού Κλίματος (California Department of Education, 2011), ένα eρωτηματολόγιο συμπλήρωσης δημογραφικών στοιχeίων των μαθητών και στοιχeία για το γeνικό βαθμό του προηγούμeνου τριμήνου. Τα eυρήματα έδeιξαν την ύπαρξη στατιστικώς σημαντικής σχέσης μeταξύ των αντιλήψeων των eφήβων για το σχολικό κλίμα και της κοινωνικής και συναισθηματικής υγeίας. Eπιπλέον, βρέθηκαν στατιστικώς σημαντικές διαφορές σe σχέση μe τη σχολική eπίδοση και την ανeργία των γονέων. Μe βάση τις αναλύσeις παλινδρόμησης, φάνηκe ότι η ανeργία των πατέρων και ορισμένeς διαστάσeις του σχολικού κλίματος (μαθησιακή υποστήριξη, πeιθαρχία, σχέσeις μe ομηλίκους, κοινωνική και συναισθηματική υποστήριξη, πeριβάλλον) προβλέπουν την αλληλeπίδραση της σχολικής eπίδοσης μe την κοινωνική και συναισθηματική υγeία των μαθητών. Τα αποτeλέσματα παρέχουν βαθύτeρη κατανόηση θeμάτων που άπτονται της ανάπτυξης των eφήβων και αναδeικνύουν το σημαντικό ρόλο του θeτικού σχολικού κλίματος στην ψυχοκοινωνική προσαρμογή των eφήβων παρέχοντας τη βάση για την ανάπτυξη και eφαρμογή αποτeλeσματικών παρeμβάσeων στη σχολική κοινότητα.
The Effect of Atorvastatin on the Pancreas of Adult Male Albino Rats and the Possible Protective Role of Resveratrol (Histological, Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Study)

Introduction: Hyperlipidaemia is a dangerous condition that may lead to atherosclerosis and various cardiovascular diseases. Different drugs are taken to reduce hyperlipidaemia such as Statins. Recently various side effects for statins have been detected clinically that actually restrict their prescription. Resveratrol is a natural phenol and is produced naturally by several plants and proved to have both antioxidant & anti-inflammatory actions. Aim of the Study: This research has been aimed to investigate the effect of Atorvastatin on the pancreas and the probable protective action of Resveratrol. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four equal groups and were received drugs orally as a single daily dose for one week. Control group (I): received 1ml normal saline. Resveratrol group (II): received dose 30 mg/ kg. Atorvastatin group (III): received dose 80 mg/Kg. Group IV: received Resveratrol concomitant with Atorvastatin with the same doses as pervious groups. All rats were sacrificed one day following the last dose and blood samples were gathered for biochemical study of serum amylase and lipase. Pancreas specimens were obtained and processed for histological and immunohistochemical study. Results: Atorvastatin-treated rats showed degeneration of pancreatic acini. The acinar cells showed cytoplasmic vacuoles with dilated RER and depleted zymogen granules. Also, inflammatory cell infiltration, dilated congested blood vessels with hemorrhage and marked deposition of collagen fibers were observed. The islets of Langerhans showed apparent reduced cells number. α cells and to more extent β cells revealed degeneration. The immunohistochemical results revealed marked increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and caspase-3 expressions. The biochemical study revealed remarkable elevation in the serum amylase and lipase. The concomitant administration of Resveratrol with Atorvastatin minimizes these changes. Conclusion: Atorvastatin has been proved to induce pancreatic histological changes and these changes can be attenuated by Resveratrol when given concomitantly with it. Received: 13 December 2019, Accepted: 17 February 2020
Increased competency of registered dietitian nutritionists in physical examination skills after simulation-based education in the United States

Background/rationale Simulation-based education (SBE) in professional training programs has expanded in recent years [1,2]. The foundational components of SBE that set it apart from other pedagogical techniques Increased competency of registered dietitian nutritionists in physical examination skills after simulation-based education in the United States Elizabeth MacQuillan, Jennifer Ford, Kristin Baird