Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of varying drip irrigation levels and NPK fertigation on soil water dynamics, productivity and water use efficiency of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) in wet temperate zone of Himachal Pradesh

Efficient utilization of harvested rain-water either in small or big farm ponds is being emphasized upon through micro-irrigation systems. Among the various techniques developed for application of water, drip irrigation is gaining popularity as perhaps the most efficient method of water application. Keeping it in view, the study was conducted at experimental farm of CSK HPKV, Palampur, during the years 2010–11 and 2011–12 with the objectives of evaluating the effects of drip irrigation levels applied at 1.2, 1.0 and 0.8 CPE and NPK fertigation on soil water retention, water use efficiency, growth and productivity of cauliflower. The treatments comprised of (a) Three drip irrigation levels viz., I1.2 (1.2 CPE) i.e. drip at 120% CPE, I1.0 (1.0 CPE) i.e. drip at 100% CPE and I 0.8 (0.8 CPE) i.e. drip at 80% CPE, (b) Three fertigation levels viz., F100 i.e. 100% recommended dose of fertilizer, F66.6 i.e. 66.6% recommended dose of fertilizer and F 33.3 i.e. 33.3% recommended dose of fertilizer and (c) Control (IRec) i.e. flood Irrigation of 4 cm at 8–10 days interval and 100% recommended dose of fertilizer. The cauliflower variety cv. PSB K-1 was transplanted on October 12, 2010 in the first year and on October 30, 2011 in the second year of experiment. The results showed significant rise in moisture content when water application depth was increased from I0.8 to I1.2. In both years, the results indicated that I 1.2 treatment had higher soil water content in comparison to I1.0, I0.8 and IRec. The I1.2 treatment due to favorable soil moisture regimes led to higher marketable curd yield and water use efficiency in comparison to I1.0 and I0.8. Likewise, F treatment had higher marketable curd yield and water use efficiency in comparison to F66.6 and F33.3. The highest marketable curd yield, water use efficiency, gross return was obtained under I1.2 F100 treatment combination. The study concluded that drip based irrigation scheduling resulted in higher water use efficiency (44.94 to 54.34%) and saving in irrigation water (35.85 to 50%) in comparison to conventional method of irrigation.
The formation of S0 galaxies with counter-rotating neutral and molecular hydrogen

The observation of counter rotation in galaxies (i.e. gas that rotates in the opposite direction to the stellar component or two co-spatial stellar populations with opposite rotation) is becoming more commonplace with modern integral field spectroscopic surveys. In this paper we explore the emergence of counter-rotation (both stellar and gaseous) in S0 galaxies from smoothed-particle hydrodynamics simulations of 1/10 mass ratio minor mergers between a 10^10.8 solar mass disk galaxy with a bulge-to-total ration of 0.17 and a gas rich companion (gas-to-stellar mass fraction of 5.0). These simulations include a self-consistent treatment of gas dynamics, star formation, the production/destruction of H2 and dust, and the time evolution of the interstellar radiation field. We explore the effect of retrograde versus prograde obits, gas and bulge mass fractions of the primary galaxy, and orbital parameters of the companion. The key requirement for producing counter rotation in stars or gas in a merger remnant is a retrograde primary, while the relative spin of the companion affects only the radial extent of the accreted gas. We also find that including a significant amount of gas in the primary can prevent the emergence of counter-rotating gas, although accreted stars retain counter-rotation. Bulge mass and orbit have a secondary effect, generally influencing the final distribution of accreted stars and gas within the framework outlined above. In addition to our primary focus of counter-rotating components in galaxies, we also make some predictions regarding the SFRs, H2 distributions, and dust in minor merger remnants.
Gender diversity in the board room and sustainable growth rate: the moderating role of family ownership

ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of gender diversity on sustainability growth, and moderating role of family ownership in an emerging economy, Pakistan. We employed 3730 firm-year observations, comprising of 307 non-financial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange, over a period 2008–2020. Using framework of agency theory, resource dependence theory and social identity theory, we report that gender diversity results in higher sustainable growth in our sample firms. Further, our results indicate that due to strong identification of family owners with their firms, their presence positively moderates this relationship. Overall, we report that despite of a weak corporate governance mechanism, the presence of female directors and family owners results in higher firm growth and low agency conflicts, which serve as positive signals for the investors. Our study provides empirical support to mandatory appointment of female directors on boards and urge the policymakers to focus on capacity building of female workforce.
Crosslinguistic Research in Syntax and Semantics: Negation, Tense, and Clausal Architecture

Introduction 1. Three Benchmarks for Distributional Approaches to Natural Language SyntaxColin Phillips PART I: CLAUSAL ARCHITECTURE 2. Argument Fronting in English, Romance CLLD, and the Left PeripheryLiliane Haegeman 3. A Detailed Map of the Left Periphery of Medieval RomancePaola Beninca 4. Questions and Questioning in a Local EnglishJames McCloskey 5. VP-, D * - Movement LanguagesLisa deMena Travis PART II: NEGATION 6. Parasitism, Secondary Triggering, and Depth of EmbeddingMarcel den Dikken 7. Light Negation and PolarityBernhard Schwarz and Rajesh Bhatt 8. Marking and Interpretation of Negation: A Bidirectional Optimality Theory ApproachHenriette de Swart PART III: TENSE AND ASPECT 9. Cohesion in Temporal Context: Aspectual Adverbs as Dynamic Indexicals Alice G. B. ter Meulen 10. Tense, Adverbials and QuantificationToshiyuki Ogihara
Population-Based Prevalence of Cancer Family History in Southeastern Iran

Background: Cancer family history (CFH) could be an effective non-invasive preventive tool for cancer screening. There are limited data on the prevalence of CFH. Objectives: We aimed to estimate a robust population-based prevalence of CFH in southeastern Iran. Methods: This study is a population-based survey. Participants were recruited in a multistage proportional-to-size cluster sampling design. A validated interview form was used, including a pedigree table and a cancer detail table. A positive CFH was defined as a verbal self-report of cancer diagnosis in at least 1 relative. The CFH prevalence was estimated according to age, gender, residential area, relatives’ closeness, and cancer type. Estimated prevalence values were corrected for the sensitivity of self-reported CFH in a Monte Carlo-based sensitivity analysis. Results: A total of 2057 interviews with a male-female ratio of 1: 14 were analyzed. The overall prevalence (95% uncertainty level (UL)) of CFH in at least 1 relative (first or second-degree relatives (FDR/SDR)) was 37.06 (27.50, 47.05). The prevalence (95% UL) of CFH in at least 1 female and male FDR was 12.54 (8.62, 17.25) and 11.07 (7.22, 15.34), respectively. The prevalence (95% UL) of a positive history of lung, breast, and colorectal cancers in at least 1 FDR was 2.05 (1.36, 2.90), 1.36 (0.79, 2.08), and 1.23 (0.63, 2.02), respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of positive CFH in FDRs is less than that of developed countries and exceeds 11.8% in the general population of southeastern Iran. CFH taken by general practitioners in routine visits is recommended as a screening tool in this population.
Factors Affecting the Acceptance of Dairy Farming Standards by Modernized Farmers for Agricultural Extension in Thailand

Milk production in compliance with dairy farm standards (DFS) assists farmers in improving the quality of local raw milk, facilitating more efficient farm management, and potentially increasing raw milk prices. In addition, it helps consumers to consume milk that is safe for their health. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the acceptance of DFS among modernized farmers in Sakon Nakhon and Udon Thani, Thailand. A total of 201 respondents were selected using the cluster sampling method. A structured questionnaire was utilized to collect data. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression with 12 variables: age, education, experience in dairy farming, types of labor, size of dairy farming land, farm size, amount of raw milk yields, processing cost of raw milk, the profitability of raw milk production, access to and use of information on dairy farming, number of attended dairy farming workshops, and farmer satisfaction towards their dairy cooperative administration. The results indicate that modernized dairy farmers with more experience, medium-sized farms (21-100 dairy cows/farm), combined family and hired labor, and higher raw milk yield were more willing to accept DFS. This result is relevant in the context of agricultural extension according to government policies to raise the quality of raw milk in Thailand.
Effect of Medically Supervised Prolonged Fasting Therapy on Vitamin D, B12, Body Weight, Body Mass Index, Vitality and Quality of Life: A Randomized Control Trial

Background: Recent research indicates prolonged fasting for more than 7 days is beneficial in priming the vitamin D metabolism. However, methodological limitations in previous studies, such as insufficient sample size and a lack of control group, limits its generalizability. The present study evaluated the impact of prolonged fasting (10 days) on vitamin D, vitamin B12, body mass index (BMI), weight, hemoglobin, vitality and quality of life (QoL) compared to a normal diet. Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted in an in-patient private yoga and naturopathy setting between February and April 2022. A total of 52 participants (mean age 51.57 ± 13.67 years) with varying medical conditions were randomized into a fasting group (FG) or a normal diet group (NDG) with 26 participants in each group. The FG was on a fasting diet (500 kCal/day) which included holy basil herbal tea, lemon honey water, and water (3 L). The NDG (1500 kCal/day) consumed a routine diet that included Indian bread, pulses, steamed rice, vegetable salads, and beverages. Results: The FG has shown significant increase in the Vitamin D levels (P = .003, d = 0.475), vitality (P = .006, d = 0.425), physical QoL (P < .001, d = 0.549), psychological QoL (P = .002, d = 0.488), and environmental QoL (P = .004, d = 0.457) compared to NDG. No significant changes were observed in vitamin B12, weight, BMI, haemoglobin, and social QoL. A weak to moderate (ρ = 0.330-0.483) positive correlation was observed between vitality scores and QoL domains, whereas BMI scores showed an inverse correlation (ρ = −.280) with vitamin D levels. Conclusion: The results suggest that prolonged fasting for 10 days can improve vitamin D levels, improve vitality, and promote quality of life compared to a normal diet. Unlike previous studies, the FG does not differ from the NDG concerning weight and BMI. Nevertheless, fasting may be utilized as an effective tool to tackle vitamin D deficiency and associated health insufficiencies.
Radiological and Morphometric Study of the Emissary Foramens and Canal in the Posterior Cranial Fossa of the Human Skull with Its Neurosurgical Significance

Abstract Objective The posterior condylar canals (PCCs), posterior condylar veins (PCVs), occipital foramen (OF), and occipital emissary vein (OEV) are potential anatomical landmarks for surgical approaches through the lateral foramen magnum. We performed the study to make morphometric and radiological analyses of the various emissary foramens and vein in the posterior cranial fossa. Methods Morphometric study were performed on 95 dry occipital bones and radiological analyses on computed tomography (CT) angiography images of 150 patients. The number of OFs on both sides was recorded and PCC length and mean diameters of the internal and external orifices of PCC were measured for bony specimens. Prevalence of PCV and PCV size was investigated using CT angiography. Results Mean PCC length was higher in the left side (9.85 ± 2.5). Mean diameter of the internal orifice and the external orifice diameter were almost the same. The majority of PCCs (75–79.33%) had 2 to 5 mm diameter; only 4 to 9.2% were small in size (< 2 mm). In CT angiography, PCV was not identified in 23 (15.33%) patients. PCVs were located bilaterally in 105 (70%) and unilaterally in 22 (20.5%) patients. Only 11.3% of PCVs were large in size (> 5 mm), 80% of PCVs were medium sized (2–5 mm), and 8.6% were small sized (< 2 mm). Conclusion Normal values of OF, PCC, PCV, and OEV could serve as a future reference for the understanding of the physiology of craniocervical venous drainage, which is necessary to avoid surgical complications and can also serve as a guide to surgical interventions for pathologies of the posterior cranial fossa, such as tumors and injuries.
Stalagmite evidence of Last Glacial Maximum to early Holocene climate variability in southwestern Iran

Glacial periods and their terminations are useful for assessing the full scale of natural climate variability in the diverse climate regions of West Asia (i.e. deserts, mountains, alluvial plains, coastal zones). In this study, we report the first stalagmite stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) records from the southern Zagros Mountains in southwest Iran. The records partially span the period from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the early Holocene, 24.2–9.6 thousand years before the present. The southwest Iran stalagmite δ18O and δ13C records indicate that climate and environment in the area differed substantially between the LGM and early Holocene. High stalagmite δ13C values are found at the LGM (7‰ greater compared to the early Holocene), and are attributed to sparse vegetation and reduced soil bio‐productivity, and possibly a greater degree of prior calcite precipitation in the epikarst, as a result of a cold and dry climate. Stalagmite δ18O values are also high at the LGM (4‰ greater compared to the early Holocene), and are attributed to lower temperatures (larger water–calcite isotope fractionation) and higher δ18O values of the moisture sources (Mediterranean and Red Seas). Through the deglaciation, stalagmite δ18O, δ13C and/or growth features coincide with the North Atlantic Heinrich Stadial 1, the Bølling–Allerød warm period and the Younger Dryas cold event, supporting a relationship between southern Zagros climate and the North Atlantic millennial events.
The G305 star-forming complex: a wide-area radio survey of ultracompact H ii regions

We present wide-area radio continuum 5.5 and 8.8 GHz (5.5 and 3.4 cm) Australia Telescope Compact Array observations of the complex and rich massive star-forming region G305. The aim of this study is to perform an un-targeted survey of the region in search of the compact radio emission associated with ultra-compact (UC) HII regions. Observations presented here encompass the entire complex and have a maximum resolution of 1:5 1:4 00 and sensitivity of 0:07 mJy beam 1 . By applying a data reduction method that emphasises small-scale structure, we are able to detect 71 compact radio sources distributed throughout the observed field. To explore the nature of these compact radio sources we compare to mid-infrared data and in this way identify 56 background sources, eight stellar radio sources, a single brightrimmed cloud and six candidate UC HII regions. The physical properties of these candidate UC HII regions are determined and reveal five candidates have peak properties consistent with known UC HII regions with source radii ranging from 0.04‐0.1 pc, emission measures from 2.56‐10.3 10 6 pc cm 6 and electron densities of 0.34‐1.03 10 4 cm 3 . We comment on these sites of recent massive star formation within G305 and by comparing to other star formation tracers (masers, NH3, YSOs) build a picture of the star formation history of the region. Using these results we estimate a lower limit to the star formation rate for the region of 0.003 M yr 1 .
Orbital occupation, local spin, and exchange interactions in V2O3

We present the results of an LDA and LDA+U band structure study of the monoclinic and the corundum phases of V2O3 and argue that the most prominent (spin 1/2) models used to describe the semiconductor metal transition are not valid. Contrary to the generally accepted assumptions we find that the large on site Coulomb and exchange interactions result in a total local spin of 1 rather than 1/2 and especially an orbital occupation which removes the orbital degeneracies and the freedom for orbital ordering. The calculated exchange interaction parameters lead to a magnetic structure consistent with experiment again without the need of orbital ordering. While the low-temperature monoclinic distortion of the corundum crystal structure produces a very small effect on electronic structure of v2o3, the change of magnetic order leads to drastic differences in band widths and band gaps. The low temperature monoclinic phase clearly favors the experimentally observed magnetic structure, but calculations for corundum crystal structure gave two consistent sets of exchange interaction parameters with nearly degenerate total energies suggesting a kind of frustration in the paramagnetic phase. These results strongly suggest that the phase transitions in V2O3 which is so often quoted as the example of a S=1/2 Mott Hubbard system have a different origin. So back to the drawing board!
Anxiety levels of voluntary blood donors in the blood donor unit of PMI Yogyakarta City

Adverse events have an impact on the safety of blood donors and affect the interest in donating blood again. This adverse event is related to the anxiety experienced by blood donors. This study aims to determine the level of anxiety of voluntary blood donors after blood donation at the Blood Donor Unit PMI Yogyakarta City. This research is a descriptive research. The research instrument used the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire. The population in this study were blood donors at the PMI Blood Donor Unit, Yogyakarta City. The sampling technique uses quota sampling. The sample in this study were voluntary blood donors as many as 100 people who met the requirements for blood donation. Requirements for blood donors include physically and mentally healthy, age 17-60 years, minimum weight 50 kg, hemoglobin 12.5-17 g/dl, blood pressure 110/70 mmHg to 150/90 mmHg, and for women who are not pregnant/ breastfeeding/menstruation. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented with tables. The results showed that the majority of voluntary blood donors in the Blood Donor Unit PMI Yogyakarta City did not have anxiety (93%). Mild anxiety is most common in the younger age group, female gender, higher education and university students. Building and increasing self-efficacy, providing a positive blood donation experience, and mechanisms to reduce the rate of vasovagal reactions are important things to do to reduce anxiety, prevent vasovagal reactions and maximize donor retention.
Recent Developments in Non-Fermi Liquid Theory

Non-Fermi liquids are unconventional metals whose physical properties deviate qualitatively from those of noninteracting fermions due to strong quantum fluctuations near Fermi surfaces. They arise when metals are subject to singular interactions mediated by soft collective modes. In the absence of well-defined quasiparticles, universal physics of non-Fermi liquids is captured by interacting field theories which replace Landau Fermi liquid theory. However, it has been difficult to understand their universal low-energy physics due to a lack of theoretical methods that take into account strong quantum fluctuations in the presence of abundant low-energy degrees of freedom. In this review, we discuss two approaches that have been recently developed for non-Fermi liquid theory with emphasis on two space dimensions. The first is a perturbative scheme based on a dimensional regularization, which achieves a controlled access to the low-energy physics by tuning the codimension of Fermi surface. The second is a nonp.
The psychological impact of COVID‐19 among newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer when cancer care was returning to normal

Abstract Objective We aim to evaluate anxiety, depression and fear of cancer progression in newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer when cancer care was returning to normal after COVID‐19 by comparing them with the pre‐COVID patients and explore the association of worries about further cancer care and loneliness with them. Methods Two hundred and eighteen newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer during the pandemic were surveyed using questionnaires, and 153 patients before the pandemic were included in the control group. Logistic regression analyses were used. Results There were 51.8%, 44.0% and 30.7% of patients during the pandemic reported anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and clinically significant fear of cancer progression, respectively. The risks of anxiety symptoms (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.43–3.51), depressive symptoms (1.61, 1.04–2.50) and clinically significant fear of cancer progression (4.65, 2.49–8.70) were higher in patients during the pandemic than pre‐COVID patients. Worries about further cancer care and loneliness were associated with 1.40–2.52 times higher risks of these psychological problems among the patients during the pandemic. Conclusions The newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer during COVID‐19 are at elevated risks of depression, anxiety and fear of cancer progression, and those who are worried about further cancer care and felt loneliness during the pandemic were more likely to experience psychological problems.
Measuring the power spectrum of dark matter substructure using strong gravitational lensing

In recent years, it has become possible to detect individual dark matter subhalos near images of strongly lensed extended background galaxies. Typically, only the most massive subhalos in the strong lensing region may be detected this way. In this work, we show that strong lenses may also be used to constrain the much more numerous population of lower mass subhalos that are too small to be detected individually. In particular, we show that the power spectrum of projected density fluctuations in galaxy halos can be measured using strong gravitational lensing. We develop the mathematical framework of power spectrum estimation, and test our method on mock observations. We use our results to determine the types of observations required to measure the substructure power spectrum with high significance. We predict that deep observations (∼10 hours on a single target) with current facilities can measure this power spectrum at the 3σ level, with no apparent degeneracy with unknown clumpiness in the background source structure or fluctuations from detector noise. Upcoming ALMA measurements of strong lenses are capable of placing strong constraints on the abundance of dark matter subhalos and the underlying particle nature of dark matter.
Aromatic chloroosmacyclopentatrienes

ABSTRACT Aromatic metallacycles are of considerable current interest. Reported aromatic metallacycles are mainly those with carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of aromatic chloroosmacyclopentatrienes, which represent the first structurally confirmed metallaaromatic with a chlorine atom in its framework. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies show that these planar chloroosmacyclopentatrienes possess a very short Os–ClC distance suggesting M=ClC bond character.