Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the climatic impact of crude oil pollution on sea ice albedo

Sea ice albedo plays an important role in modulating the climate of the Earth and is affected 5 by low background concentrations of oil droplets within the ice matrix that absorb solar radiation. In this study the albedo response of three different types of sea ice (melting, first-year, and multi-year sea ice) are calculated at increasing mass ratios (0–1000 ng g-1) of crude oil by using a coupled atmosphere-sea ice radiative-transfer model (TUV-snow) over the optical wavelengths 400–700 nm. The different types of quasi-infinite thickness sea ice exhibit different albedo responses to oil pollution, with a 1000 ng g-1 10 mass ratio of oil causing a decrease to 70.9% in multi-year sea ice, 47.9% in first-year sea ice, and 22% in melting sea ice relative to the unpolluted albedo at a wavelength of 400 nm. The thickness of the sea ice is also an important factor, with realistic thickness sea ices exhibiting similar results, albeit with a weaker albedo response for multi-year sea ice to 75.3%, first-year sea ice to 66.7%, and melting sea ice to 35.7%. The type of oil also significantly affects the response of sea ice albedo, with a relatively opaque 15 and heavy crude oil (Romashkino oil) causing a significantly larger decrease in sea ice albedo than a relatively transparent light crude oil (Petrobaltic oil). The size of the oil droplets polluting the oil also plays a minor role in the albedo response, with weathered submicron droplets (0.05–0.5 μm radius) of Romashkino oil being the most absorbing across the optical wavelengths considered. Therefore, the work presented here demonstrates that low background concentrations of small submicron to micron-sized oil 20 droplets have a significant effect on sea ice albedo. All three types of sea ice are affected, however firstyear sea ice and particularly melting sea ice are very sensitive to oil pollution; thus, the Arctic may become more vulnerable to oil pollution as the ice becomes progressively thinner and younger in response to a changing climate.
Disproven but still believed: The role of information and individual differences in the prediction of topic‐related pseudoscience acceptance

Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Barcelona Graduate School of Economics, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
Fine-grained Visual Recognition with Side Information

The thesis presents a method for finegrained visual snake and fungi species recognition with side information. The proposed method is based on state-of-theart deep neural networks for classification: Convolutional Neural Networks and Vision Transformers. We achieve performance improvements by: (1) adopting loss functions proposed to address the class imbalance; (2) adjusting predictions by prior probabilities of side information like location and time of observation; (3) applying a weakly supervised method to localize snakes and fungi in images and crop the images based on the detected regions to enrich the training data. Finally, we demonstrate the use of the proposed method to decide on medical response to snakebites.
Evaluation of Risk Prediction Models to Identify Cancer Therapeutics Related Cardiac Dysfunction in Women with HER2+ Breast Cancer

Cancer-therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is an important concern in women receiving trastuzumab therapy for HER2+ breast cancer. However, the ability to assess CTRCD risk remains limited. In this retrospective cohort study, we apply three published risk prediction models (Ezaz et al., NSABP-31 cardiac risk scores (CRS), and HFA-ICOS trastuzumab proforma) to 629 women (mean age 52.4 ± 10.9 years) with Stage I-III HER2+ breast cancer treated with trastuzumab ± anthracyclines to assess their performance to identify CTRCD during or immediately post treatment. Using these models, patients were classified into CTRCD risk categories according to the pre-treatment characteristics. With NSABP-31 CRS and HFA-ICOS proformas, patients in the highest risk category had a 1.7-to-2.4-fold higher relative risk of CTRCD than the low-risk category (p = 0.010 and 0.005, respectively). However, with all three risk models, those in the low-risk category had a high absolute risk of CTRCD (15.5–25.5%). The discrimination of the models for CTRCD (AUC 0.51–0.60) and their calibration was limited. NSAP-31 CRS and HFA-ICOS proformas can identify relative differences in CTRCD risk between patients, but when considering absolute risk, they are only able to identify the highest risk patients. There remains an ongoing need for accurate CTRCD risk prediction models in women with HER2+ breast cancer.
IJPDLM-07-2019-0215_proof 566..584

Purpose – Risks can easily disrupt the demand–supply match targeted by sales and operations planning (S&OP). As surprisingly little is known of how organizations identify, assess, treat and monitor risks through tactical planning processes, this paper zooms in on the S&OP set-up and process parameters to explore how risks are managed through S&OP. Design/methodology/approach – A multiple case study analyzes the S&OP processes of seven organizations in the process industry, drawing on 17 in-depth interviews with high-ranking representatives, internal and external documents, and a group meeting with participating organizations. Findings – The study finds that organizations proactively design their S&OP based on their main risk focus stemming from the planning environment. In turn, such designs proactively support organizations’ risk identification, assessment, treatment andmonitoring through their S&OP execution. Reactively, a crisis S&OP meeting –making use of the structure of S&OP – can be used as a risk-treatment tool, and S&OP design can be temporarily adapted to deal with emerging risks. Originality/value – This study is among the first to empirically elucidate risk management through S&OP. S&OP design, execution and adaption are identified as three interconnected strategies that allow organizations to manage risks. The design enables risk management activities in the monthly execution of S&OP. The reactive role of S&OP in risk management is particularly novel.
TREATMENT OF COVID-19-A REVIEW

Infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, known as COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease-19), emerged in December 2019 in China and spread rapidly all around the world infecting many peopleand has subsequently spread rapidly throughout the world, however, well-designed studies on asymptomatic or mild, or pediatric cases of COVID-19 are scarce and desperately needed to meet the clinical need. However, a trend could be observed based on current clinical evidence. Remdesivir and favipiravir may shorten the recovery time; lopinavir/ritonavir does not demonstrate treatment efficacy in severe patients. In this review, we collected information about the most widely used drugs to treat COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) belonging to groups of antivirals, antibiotics, immune modulators, and anticoagulants. Some of these compounds and drugs were used directly by inpatients, so researchers have examined others in laboratory conditions. The present study provides an update on the currently applied treatment, and intends to offer helpin relation to daily care, without seeking to replace the protocols adopted in each individual center.
The Network Structure of Cultural Toolkits and Organizational Creativity: Robust Cultural Elements in the Face of Mobility Shocks

Producers in the creative industries thrive on the generation of innovative products, and as such they are constantly searching for ways to boost their ability to do so. We suggest that the conventional network approach to creativity that focuses on how producers are positioned amongst other producers can be advanced by examining how the cultural elements with which they work (i.e., the underlying ideas with which they create) relate to and are positioned amongst each other. The network structure of elements may contain some which are particularly effective in recombining with many other elements, providing an alternative mechanism for explaining high creativity. We show that robust cultural elements—i.e., that are connected with many other elements—increase producers’ creativity. They are particularly important in transitions to new creative leadership, a key moment in the lives of creative producers. We show that active toolkits rich in such robust cultural elements mitigate the possible disruption and creative discount associated with the hiring of new creative directors, in fact boosting creative performance. We test our hypotheses using a recent dataset of high-fashion houses, their stylistic elements, and their creative leadership transitions.
An Application on Technology Addiction with C4.5 Classification Algorithm

The increment of the usagethe technological applications and tools, has led to an increase towards technology regarding for communication in the way of individuals' desire.With the development of technologies that facilitate our lives, rapid increases in individuals' use of technological tools have been observed.This has led to the fact that data mining and technology dependence concepts, which are expressed as the process of obtaining confidential information, are hidden in the large scale data in the digital environment and have become more involved in scientific studies. This study was carried out to determine the technology dependence of the students who continue their education in vocational and technical education based on C4.5 decision tree algorithm which is one of the data mining classification methods.In the questionnaire, the students were asked whether there is any positive or negative relationship between technology addiction and course success and demographic characteristics.Demographic information in the data set shows the characteristics and the question shows the class.The decision tree model of 411 observations in the data set was created using R programming language.The effect of demographic information such as gender, profession, number of siblings, date of birth on the class was determined according to the model made with C4.5 decision tree algorithm.As a result of the research, the most important feature that determines the answers is gender and the accuracy rate of the model is determined as 84.42%.
The Potential of Technology-Mediated Learning Processes: A Taxonomy and Research Agenda for Educational Process Mining

Educational process mining (EPM) offers new possibilities to discover, monitor, improve, or predict students’ learning processes using data about their learning activities captured in technology-mediated information systems (IS). Although EPM has recently attracted considerable research interest, there is still limited shared knowledge about the distinctive design characteristics of EPM from an integrative perspective. To address this
Obesity, A Preventable Burden of Disease among Children

Background: In last few decades, childhood obesity has become a burdensome challenge globally. The most important long-term consequence of childhood obesity is its persistence into adulthood, with all the associated health risks. Persistent obesity is established before the age of 11. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study with non-probability convenient sampling was carried out over a period of three month in a private sector school Islamabad, Pakistan. The sampling frame was 250 students of grade 4 of roots school system. The response rate was 67%. Results: Mean age in our sample was 10 years. Mean BMI was 18.14 with a standard deviation of 4.4. The frequency of obesity in children was 22% (more than 97th percentile and equivalent to BMI of 30kg/m 2) and that of overweight was 32% (more than 85th percentile and BMI of). Among obese children 28% were reasonably physically active the past week. Regarding eating habits 52% children ate their breakfast every day, 16% of the children never had their breakfast because they didn’t like breakfast or because they were never given breakfast at home. 55% of the children thought that obesity can be prevented by making sure that children are into sports and games, by promoting healthy snacks and banning fast foods, by launching fitness programs and by health education. Conclusion: We found a high frequency of obese and overweight children in the private sector school of Islamabad. Physical inactivity and relationship with other factors like watching TV, gaming and over consumption of junk food was found to be associated with overweight and obesity adds some useful data to the previous researches.
Anti-Müllerian hormone and its receptor is colocalized in the 1 majority of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone cell bodies and 2 fibers in heifer brains 3 4

14 Circulating concentrations of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) can indicate fertility in 15 various animals, but the physiological mechanisms underlying the effect of AMH on 16 fertility remain unknown. We recently discovered that AMH has extragonadal functions 17 via its main receptor, AMH receptor type 2 (AMHR2). Specifically, AMH stimulates the 18 secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone from bovine 19 gonadotrophs. Moreover, gonadotrophs themselves express AMH to exert 20 paracrine/autocrine functions, and AMH can activate gonadotropin-releasing-hormone 21 (GnRH) neurons in mice. This study aimed to evaluate whether AMH and AMHR2 are 22 detected in areas of the brain relevant to neuroendocrine control of reproduction: the 23 preoptic area (POA), arcuate nucleus (ARC), and median eminence (ME), and in 24 particular within GnRH neurons. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 25 detected both AMH and AMHR2 mRNA in tissues containing POA as well as in those 26 containing both ARC and ME, collected from post-pubertal heifers. Western blotting 27 detected AMH and AMHR2 protein in the collected tissues. Triple fluorescence 28 immunohistochemistry revealed that the majority of cell bodies or fibers of GnRH 29 neurons were AMHR2-positive and AMH-positive, although some were negative. 30 Immunohistochemistry revealed that 75 to 85% of cell bodies and fibers of GnRH neurons 31 were positive for both AMH and AMHR2 in the POA, ARC, and both the internal and 32 external zones of ME. The cell bodies of GnRH neurons were situated around other AMH33 positive cell bodies or fibers of GnRH and non-GNRH neurons. Our findings thus indicate 34 that AMH and AMHR2 are detected in the majority of cell bodies or fibers of GnRH 35 neurons in POA, ARC, or ME of heifer brains. These data support the need for further 36 study as to how AMH and AMHR2 act within the hypothalamus to influence GnRH and 37 gonadotropin secretion. 38
Comparative effectiveness of different primary vaccination courses on mRNA based booster vaccines against SARs-COV-2 infections: A time-varying cohort analysis using trial emulation in the Virus Watch community cohort

Abstract Importance The Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant has increased SARs-CoV-2 infections in double vaccinated individuals globally, particularly in ChAdOx1 recipients. To tackle rising infections, the UK accelerated booster vaccination programmes used mRNA vaccines irrespective of an individual's primary course vaccine type with booster doses rolled out according to clinical priority. There is limited understanding of the effectiveness of different primary vaccination courses on mRNA based booster vaccines against SARs-COV-2 infections and how time-varying confounders can impact the evaluations comparing different vaccines as primary courses for mRNA boosters. Objective To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of ChAdOx1 versus BNT162b2 as primary doses against SARs-CoV-2 in booster vaccine recipients whilst accounting for time-varying confounders. Design Trial emulation was used to reduce time-varying confounding-by-indication driven by prioritising booster vaccines based upon age, vulnerability and exposure status e.g. healthcare worker. Trial emulation was conducted by meta-analysing eight cohort results whose booster vaccinations were staggered between 16/09/2021 to 05/01/2022 and followed until 23/01/2022. Time from booster vaccination until SARS-CoV-2 infection, loss of follow-up or end-of-study was modelled using Cox proportional hazards models for each cohort and adjusted for age, sex, minority ethnic status, clinically vulnerability, and deprivation. Setting Prospective observational study using the Virus Watch community cohort in England and Wales. Participants People over the age of 18 years who had their booster vaccination between 16/09/2021 to 05/01/2022 without prior natural immunity. Exposures ChAdOx1 versus BNT162b2 as a primary dose, and an mRNA booster vaccine. Results Across eight cohorts, 19,692 mRNA vaccine boosted participants were analysed with 12,036 ChAdOx1 and 7,656 BNT162b2 primary courses with a median follow-up time of 73 days (IQR:54-90). Median age, clinical vulnerability status and infection rates fluctuate through time. 7.2% (n=864) of boosted adults with ChAdOx1 primary course experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to 7.6% (n=582) of those with BNT162b2 primary course during follow-up. The pooled adjusted hazard ratio was 0.99 [95%CI:0.88-1.11], demonstrating no difference between the incidence of SARs-CoV-2 infections based upon the primary vaccine course. Conclusion and Relevance In mRNA boosted individuals, we found no difference in protection comparing those with a primary course of BNT162b2 to those with aChAdOx1 primary course. This contrasts with pre-booster findings where previous research shows greater effectiveness of BNT162b2 than ChAdOx1 in preventing infection.
Magnetoelastic coupling and spin contributions to entropy and thermal transport in biferroic yttrium orthochromite

Direct engineering of material properties through exploitation of spin, phonon, and charge-coupled degrees of freedom is an active area of development in materials science. However, the relative contribution of the competing orders to controlling the desired behavior is challenging to decipher. In particular, the independent role of phonons, magnons, and electrons, quasiparticle coupling, and relative contributions to the phase transition free energy largely remain unexplored, especially for magnetic phase transitions. Here, we study the lattice and magnetic dynamics of biferroic yttrium orthochromite using Raman, infrared, and inelastic neutron spectroscopy techniques, supporting our experimental results with first-principles lattice dynamics and spin-wave simulations across the antiferromagnetic transition at T N ∼ 138 K. Spectroscopy data and simulations together with the heat capacity (C p ) measurements, allow us to quantify individual entropic contributions from phonons (0.01 ± 0.01k B atom−1), dilational (0.03 ± 0.01k B atom−1), and magnons (0.11 ± 0.01k B atom−1) across T N. High-resolution phonon measurements conducted in a magnetic field show that anomalous T-dependence of phonon energies across T N originates from magnetoelastic coupling. Phonon scattering is primarily governed by the phonon–phonon coupling, with little contribution from magnon–phonon coupling, short-range spin correlations, or magnetostriction effects; a conclusion further supported by our thermal conductivity measurements conducted up to 14 T, and phenomenological modeling.
Industrial Efficiency in Six Nations

Industrial Efficiency in Six Nations continues the pioneering research begun in Caves and Barton's Efficiency in U.S. Manufacturing Industries, extending it to the international sphere and laying the empirical groundwork for a deeper understanding of the sources of inefficiency and their cost in productivity. This extended project is the first to apply the stochastic frontier production function routinely, with results that are both meaningful and sophisticated. Of particular interest are substantive results concerning the effects of exposure to competition, both domestic and foreign, and of organizational factors such as corporate diversification and unionization on productive efficiency. Caves and his colleagues investigate the gaps between average and best-practice efficiency of plants in the manufacturing industries of the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, Japan, and Korea. They show that the resulting measures of industrial efficiency can be used to test many hypotheses about how efficiency differs from industry to industry. They confirm the generally favorable effects of competition on efficiency and also test many effects of organizational choices, while controlling for dynamic disturbances and sources of intrinsic diversity. They also explore what happens to the typical industry's efficiency over time, show how much and why the efficiency of large and small units differs, and probe the relation of the gap between an industry's average and best-practice efficiency and its international standing in average productivity.
Daily heart rate variability biofeedback training decreases locus coeruleus MRI contrast in younger adults

As an arousal hub region in the brain, the locus coeruleus (LC) has bidirectional connections with the autonomic nervous system. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based measures of LC structural integrity have been linked to cognition and arousal, but less is known about factors that influence LC structure and function across time. Here, we tested the effects of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback, an intervention targeting the autonomic nervous system, on LC MRI contrast and sympathetic activity. Younger and older participants completed daily HRV biofeedback training for five weeks. Those assigned to an experimental condition performed biofeedback involving slow, paced breathing designed to increase heart rate oscillations, whereas those assigned to a control condition performed biofeedback to decrease heart rate oscillations. At the pre- and post-training timepoints, LC contrast was assessed using turbo spin echo MRI scans, and RNA sequencing was used to assess cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB)-regulated gene expression in circulating blood cells, an index of sympathetic nervous system signaling. We found that left LC contrast decreased in younger participants in the experimental group, and across younger participants, decreases in left LC contrast were related to the extent to which participants increased their heart rate oscillations during training. Furthermore, decreases in left LC contrast were associated with decreased expression of CREB-associated gene transcripts. On the contrary, there were no effects of biofeedback on LC contrast among older participants in the experimental group. These findings provide novel evidence that in younger adults, HRV biofeedback involving slow, paced breathing can decrease both LC contrast and sympathetic nervous system signaling.
The Discrete Gaussian model, II. Infinite-volume scaling limit at high temperature

The Discrete Gaussian model is the lattice Gaussian free field conditioned to be integer-valued. In two dimensions, at sufficiently high temperature, we show that the scaling limit of the infinite-volume gradient Gibbs state with zero mean is a multiple of the Gaussian free field. This article is the second in a series on the Discrete Gaussian model, extending the methods of the first paper by the analysis of general external fields (rather than macroscopic test functions on the torus). As a byproduct, we also obtain a scaling limit for mesoscopic test functions on the torus.