Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chromatin Remodeling Enzyme Cluster Predicts Prognosis and Clinical Benefit of Therapeutic Strategy in Breast Cancer

The treatment provided for breast cancer depends on the expression of hormone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), and cancer staging. Surgical intervention, along with chemotherapy or radiation therapy, is the mainstay of treatment. Currently, precision medicine has led to personalized treatment using reliable biomarkers for the heterogeneity of breast cancer. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modifications contribute to tumorigenesis through alterations in the expression of tumor suppressor genes. Our aim was to investigate the role of epigenetic modifications in genes involved in breast cancer. A total of 486 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas Pan-cancer BRCA project were enrolled in our study. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis further divided the 31 candidate genes into 2 clusters according to the optimal number. Kaplan–Meier plots showed worse progression-free survival (PFS) in the high-risk group of gene cluster 1 (GC1). In addition, the high-risk group showed worse PFS in GC1 with lymph node invasion, which also presented a trend of better PFS when chemotherapy was combined with radiotherapy than when chemotherapy was administered alone. In conclusion, we developed a novel panel using hierarchical clustering that high-risk groups of GC1 may be promising predictive biomarkers in the clinical treatment of patients with breast cancer.
Centrifugal instability of the wake dominated curved compressible mixing layers

This investigation is concerned with the linear development of Gortler vortices in the high-Reynolds-number laminar compressible wake behind a flat plate which is aligned with the centreline of a curved mixing layer system. The Gortler modes were previously found to exist within the curved compressible mixing layers by Owen et al. (1997). This study extends the work of Owen et al. (1997) and attempts to demonstrate the effect a wake has on the growth rate and location of such modes. The investigations were made by examining the growth rate and the location of the Gortler modes in the limit of large Gortler number and high wave number within the wake-dominated curved compressible mixing-layer systems based on three wake flow models. An analytical Gaussian wake profile is first used to model the behaviour of the basic flow within the mixing layer at the trailing edge of the splitter plate. It is found that the wake has an amplification effect on the growth of the Gortler instability within the concavely curved, or 'unstably' curved compressible mixing layers. It is also found that within the convexly curved, or 'stably' curved compressible mixing layers the wake modes can occur that would behave differently to the 'thermal modes', which were previously found within the plain curved compressible system by Owen et al. (1997). Another analytic composite model which had some practical applications is then used to predict the behaviour of the modes within the systems. A numerical wake flow model has also been derived to compare with the predictions based on the analytic wake flow models.
Comparisons of CCN with Supercooled Clouds

Abstract More than 140 supercooled clouds were compared with corresponding out-of-cloud cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements. In spite of significant differences in altitude, temperature, distances from cloud base, updraft velocity (W), entrainment, and so on, the correlation coefficients (R) between droplet and CCN concentrations were substantial although not as high as those obtained in warm clouds with less variability of nonaerosol influences. CCN at slightly lower altitudes than the clouds had higher R values than CCN measured at the same altitude. Ice particle concentrations appeared to reduce droplet concentrations and reduce R between CCN and droplet concentrations, but only above 6-km altitude and for temperatures below −20°C. Although higher CCN concentrations generally resulted in higher droplet concentrations, increases in droplet concentrations were generally less than the increases in CCN concentrations. This was apparently due to the expected lower cloud supersaturations (S) when CC.
Combining Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Reveal the Regulatory Mechanism of Taproot Enlargement in Panax ginseng

Ginseng is regarded as the “king of herbs” in China, with its roots and rhizomes used as medicine, and it has a high medicinal value. In order to meet the market demand, the artificial cultivation of ginseng emerged, but different growth environments significantly affect the root morphology of garden ginseng. In this study, we used ginseng cultivated in deforested land (CF-CG) and ginseng cultivated in farmland (F-CG) as experimental materials. These two phenotypes were explored at the transcriptomic and metabolomic levels so as to understand the regulatory mechanism of taproot enlargement in garden ginseng. The results show that, compared with those of F-CG, the thickness of the main roots in CF-CG was increased by 70.5%, and the fresh weight of the taproots was increased by 305.4%. Sucrose, fructose and ginsenoside were significantly accumulated in CF-CG. During the enlargement of the taproots of CF-CG, genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly up-regulated, while genes related to lignin biosynthesis were significantly down-regulated. Auxin, gibberellin and abscisic acid synergistically regulated the enlargement of the taproots of the garden ginseng. In addition, as a sugar signaling molecule, T6P might act on the auxin synthesis gene ALDH2 to promote the synthesis of auxin and, thus, participate in the growth and development of garden ginseng roots. In summary, our study is conducive to clarifying the molecular regulation mechanism of taproot enlargement in garden ginseng, and it provides new insights for the further exploration of the morphogenesis of ginseng roots.
Innate-like T lymphocytes in chronic liver disease

In addition to its metabolic activities, it is now clear that the liver hosts a number of diverse immune cell types that control tissue homeostasis. Foremost among these are innate-like T lymphocytes, including natural killer T (NKT) and mucosal-associated innate T (MAIT) cells, which are a population of specialized T cells with innate characteristics that express semi-invariant T cell receptors with non-peptide antigen specificity. As primary liver residents, innate-like T cells have been associated with immune tolerance in the liver, but also with a number of hepatic diseases. Here, we focus on the biology of NKT and MAIT cells and how they operate during the course of chronic inflammatory diseases that eventually lead to hepatocellular carcinoma.
A Unified Attention Paradigm for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Attention mechanisms improve the classification accuracies by enhancing the salient information for hyperspectral images (HSIs). However, existing HSI attention models are driven by advanced achievements of computer vision, which are not able to fully exploit the spectral–spatial structure prior of HSIs and effectively refine features from a global perspective. In this article, we propose a unified attention paradigm (UAP) that defines the attention mechanism as a general three-stage process including optimizing feature representations, strengthening information interaction, and emphasizing meaningful information. Meanwhile, we designed a novel efficient spectral–spatial attention module (ESSAM) under this paradigm, which adaptively adjusts feature responses along the spectral and spatial dimensions at an extremely low parameter cost. Specifically, we construct a parameter-free spectral attention block that employs multiscale structured encodings and similarity calculations to perform global cross-channel interactions, and a memory-enhanced spatial attention block that captures key semantics of images stored in a learnable memory unit and models global spatial relationship by constructing semantic-to-pixel dependencies. ESSAM takes full account of the spatial distribution and low-dimensional characteristics of HSIs, with better interpretability and lower complexity. We develop a dense convolutional network based on efficient spectral–spatial attention network (ESSAN) and experiment on three real hyperspectral datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ESSAM brings higher accuracy improvement compared to advanced attention models.
Prediction of the Impact of Land Use and Soil Type on Concentrations of Heavy Metals and Phthalates in Soil Based on Model Simulation

The main objective of this study is to determine the possibility of predicting the impact of land use and soil type on concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) and phthalates (PAEs) in soil based on an artificial neural network model (ANN). Qualitative analysis of HMs was performed with inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) and Direct Mercury Analyzer. Determination of PAEs was performed with gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a single quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS). An ANN, based on the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) iterative algorithm, for the prediction of HM and PAE concentrations, based on land use and soil type parameters, showed good prediction capabilities (the coefficient of determination (r2) values during the training cycle for HM concentration variables were 0.895, 0.927, 0.885, 0.813, 0.883, 0.917, 0.931, and 0.883, respectively, and for PAEs, the concentration variables were 0.950, 0.974, 0.958, 0.974, and 0.943, respectively). The results of this study indicate that HM and PAE concentrations, based on land use and soil type, can be predicted using ANN.
Accuracy of Observer-Rated Measurement Scales for Depression Assessment in Patients with Major Neurocognitive Disorders Residing in Long-Term Care Centers: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Depression is often under-detected in long-term care (LTC) patients with major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD) and is associated with important morbidity, mortality, and costs. Observer-rated outcome measures (ObsROMs) could help resolve this problematic; however, evidence on their accuracy is scattered in the literature. This systematic review aimed at summarizing this evidence. Methods: A literature search was conducted in 7 databases using keywords, MeSHs, and bibliographic searches. We included studies published before January 2022 and reporting on the accuracy of a depression ObsROM used in LTC patients with MNCD. Data extraction, analysis, synthesis, and study methodological quality assessments were done by two authors, and discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Results: Among 9,660 articles retrieved, 8 studies reporting on 11 depression measures were included. Scales were classified as patient-reported outcome measures used as ObsROMs or true ObsROMs. Among the first category, the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) performed best (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.73–0.87), although both presented with low positive predictive values and high negative predictive values. Among the second category, the Nursing Homes Short Depression Inventory (NH-SDI) performed best, with an AUC of 0.93 and ≥85% sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Conclusion: The CSDD and MADRS may be useful to rule out depression in LTC patients with MNCD, whereas the NH-SDI may be useful to rule in and out depression within this same population. Before recommending their use, adequately powered studies to further examine their accuracy in different contexts are necessary.
When Greeks learn Turkish: developing intercultural competence through learning the language of the ‘enemy’

ABSTRACT Learning a foreign language is not only an interesting cognitive process. It is also a means of communication with other peoples and becoming acquainted with their cultures. Therefore, learning a foreign language can contribute to the development of intercultural competence, i.e. the competence to manage new communication conditions and situations. In this context, Turkish language learning by Greek citizens may act as a means to transform negative stereotypes and prejudices against Turkish people, which predominate in a large segment of the Greek population. This article presents qualitative research findings of twenty Greek adult citizens’ transformation of perceptions, subsequent to their attending Turkish language courses. The research established that the majority of the participants acknowledged Turkish language learning and acquisition as a contribution to the development of intercultural communication, to a better acquaintance with Turkish people and the transformation of former negative perceptions of Turkish people and culture.
The Thai Internalized HIV-related Stigma Scale

Introduction Internalized stigma among people living with HIV has been linked to a range of negative consequences. The current study describes the development and validation of a contextually appropriate internalized HIV-related Stigma Scale for people living with HIV in Thailand. Methods The study was carried out in two stages from 2018 to 2019: developing items based on the findings of focus group discussions and pilot testing the original list of items and validating the instrument. In the cross-sectional survey stage, a sample of 400 people living with HIV was used to validate the test items in accordance with their psychometric characteristics. Results The study’s outcome was the 22-item Thai Internalized HIV-related Stigma Scale (Thai-IHSS). The exploratory factor analysis showed that the Thai-IHSS consisted of four components: negative thoughts toward self (5 items), anticipated negative thoughts (7 items), effects of negative thought toward self (6 items), and effects of negative thoughts toward family and access to healthcare services (4 items). Discussion The Thai-IHSS had acceptable concurrent, convergent, and congruent validity according to the findings. Additionally, the 8-item Thai-IHSS brief, which included two items for each component, was detailed. The Thai-IHSS is valid and reliable for use in Thailand and other countries with comparable sociocultural environments.
Beating the market betting on NHL hockey games

Abstract This article describes a method for predicting the outcome of National Hockey League (NHL) games. We combine a model for goal scoring and yielding, and one for penalty commission, in a Markov-type computation and a simulation model that produce predicted probabilities of victory for each team. Where these differ substantially from the market probabilities, we make “bets” according to a simple strategy. Our return on investment is both positive and statistically significant.
Functions without short implicents. Part II: Construction

Abstract This paper is a continuation of the paper ‘Functions without short implicents. Part I: lower estimates of weights’. In Part II we propose various methods of construction of n-place Boolean functions not admitting implicents of k variables. The first of the methods proposed is based on the gradient algorithm, the second and the third ones depend on a certain combinatorial principle of construction, while the fourth method is based on a random choice of elements in the function support. The above methods have different efficiency depending on the value of k. We give upper estimates for the minimal value w (n, k) of weights of the so-constructed functions. Together with the lower estimates of w (n, k) from the first part of the paper this allows us to obtain an asymptotically sharp estimate w (n, k) = Θ (ln n) as n → ∞.
Risk factors and outcomes of intraoperative hypothermia in neonatal and infant patients undergoing general anesthesia and surgery

Objective The incidence of intraoperative hypothermia remains high in pediatric patients during anesthesia and surgery even though core body temperature monitoring and warming systems have been greatly improved in recent years. We analyzed the risk factors and outcomes of intraoperative hypothermia in neonates and infants undergoing general anesthesia and surgery. Methods The data on the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia, other clinical characteristics, and outcomes from electronic records of 1,091 patients (501 neonates and 590 infants between 28 days and 1 year old), who received general anesthesia and surgery, were harvested and analyzed. Intraoperative hypothermia was defined as a core temperature below 36°C during surgery. Results The incidence of intraoperative hypothermia in neonates was 82.83%, which was extremely higher than in infants (38.31%, p < 0.001)—the same as the lowest body temperature (35.05 ± 0.69°C vs. 35.40 ± 0.68°C, p < 0.001) and the hypothermia duration (86.6 ± 44.5 min vs. 75.0 ± 52.4 min, p < 0.001). Intraoperative hypothermia was associated with prolonged PACU, ICU, hospital stay, postoperative bleeding, and transfusion in either age group. Intraoperative hypothermia in infants was also related to prolonged postoperative extubation time and surgical site infection. After univariate and multivariate analyses, the age (OR = 0.902, p < 0.001), weight (OR = 0.480, p = 0.013), prematurity (OR = 2.793, p = 0.036), surgery time of more than 60 min (OR = 3.743, p < 0.001), prewarming (OR = 0.081, p < 0.001), received >20 mL/kg fluid (OR = 2.938, p = 0.004), and emergency surgery (OR = 2.142, p = 0.019) were associated with hypothermia in neonates. Similar to neonates, age (OR = 0.991, p < 0.001), weight (OR = 0.783, p = 0.019), surgery time >60 min (OR = 2.140, p = 0.017), pre-warming (OR = 0.017, p < 0.001), and receive >20 mL/kg fluid (OR = 3.074, p = 0.001) were relevant factors to intraoperative hypothermia in infants along with the ASA grade (OR = 4.135, p < 0.001). Conclusion The incidence of intraoperative hypothermia was still high, especially in neonates, with a few detrimental complications. Neonates and infants each have their different risk factors associated with intraoperative hypothermia, but younger age, lower weight, longer surgery time, received more fluid, and no prewarming management were the common risk factors.
Novel Insights into the Contribution of Cyclic Electron Flow to Cotton Bracts in Response to High Light

Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF-PSI) is shown to be an important protective mechanism to photosynthesis in cotton leaves. However, it is still unclear how CEF-PSI is regulated in non-foliar green photosynthetic tissues such as bracts. In order to learn more about the regulatory function of photoprotection in bracts, we investigated the CEF-PSI attributes in Yunnan 1 cotton genotypes (Gossypium bar-badense L.) between leaves and bracts. Our findings demonstrated that cotton bracts possessed PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5)-mediated and the choroplastic NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH)-mediated CEF-PSI by the same mechanism as leaves, albeit at a lower rate than in leaves. The ATP synthase activity of bracts was also lower, while the proton gradient across thylakoid membrane (ΔpH), rate of synthesis of zeaxanthin, and heat dissipation were higher than those of the leaves. These results imply that cotton leaves under high light conditions primarily depend on CEF to activate ATP synthase and optimize ATP/NADPH. In contrast, bracts mainly protect photosynthesis by establishing a ΔpH through CEF to stimulate the heat dissipation process.
Updraft Buoyancy within and Moistening by Cumulonimbi prior to MJO Convective Onset in a Regional Model

AbstractProcesses responsible for widespread development of moderately deep cumulonimbi during a transition period before onset of two large-scale convective events associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation in late 2011 are investigated. A regional model (WRF) is capable of rapidly producing an approximately 3-day-long transition period prior to MJO convective onset similar to observed transition periods, during which moderately deep cumulonimbi were prevalent. During transition periods, evaporation in precipitating elements and horizontal advection of moisture away from the clouds in the nearby clear-air environment contributed to humidification below 400 hPa. Nonprecipitating clouds were present in the model mostly between 900 and 950 hPa and had no major impact on tropospheric moistening. Whether nonprecipitating cumuli grew into moderately deep cumulonimbi largely depended on the buoyancy of updrafts that extended into the 700–850-hPa layer. As mean environmental temperatures decreased, the mean c.
A generalization of the Chebyshev polynomials

In this paper we study polynomials that are orthogonal with respect to a weight function which is zero on a set of positive measure. These were initially introduced by Akhiezer as a generalization of the Chebyshev polynomials where the interval of orthogonality is [-1,α]∪[β,1]. Here, this concept is extended and the interval is the union of g + 1 disjoint intervals, [-1,α1]∪j = 1g-1[βj,αj + 1]∪[βg,1], denoted by E. Starting from a suitably chosen weight function p, and the three-term recurrence relation satisfied by the polynomials, a hyperelliptic Riemann surface is defined, from which we construct representations for both the polynomials of the first (Pn) and second kind (Qn), respectively, in terms of the Riemann theta function of the surface. Explicit expressions for the recurrence coefficients an and bn are found in terms of theta functions. The second-order ordinary differential equation, where Pn and Qn/w (where w is the Stieltjes transform of the weight) are linearly independent solutions, is found. The simpler case, where g = 1, is extensively dealt with and the reduction to the Chebyshev polynomials in the limiting situation, α→β, where the two intervals merge into one, is demonstrated. We also show that p(x)kn(x,x)/n for x∊E, where kn(x,x) is the reproducing kernel at coincidence, tends to the equilibrium density of the set E, as n→∞.
Screening for Primordial RNA–Peptide Interactions Using High-Density Peptide Arrays

RNA–peptide interactions are an important factor in the origin of the modern mechanism of translation and the genetic code. Despite great progress in the bioinformatics of RNA–peptide interactions due to the rapid growth in the number of known RNA–protein complexes, there is no comprehensive experimental method to take into account the influence of individual amino acids on non-covalent RNA–peptide bonds. First, we designed the combinatorial libraries of primordial peptides according to the combinatorial fusion rules based on Watson–Crick mutations. Next, we used high-density peptide arrays to investigate the interaction of primordial peptides with their cognate homo-oligonucleotides. We calculated the interaction scores of individual peptide fragments and evaluated the influence of the peptide length and its composition on the strength of RNA binding. The analysis shows that the amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and proline contribute significantly to the strong binding between peptides and homo-oligonucleotides, while the sum charge of the peptide does not have a significant effect. We discuss the physicochemical implications of the combinatorial fusion cascade, a hypothesis that follows from the amino acid partition used in the work.