Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphate Solubilizing Rhizobia Promote the Growth of Chickpea under Buffering Conditions

In the present study rhizobial isolates from root nodules of various legumes were screened for phosphate (P) solubilizing ability in both non-buffered and b uffered media. Thirty five percent isolates showed P. solubilizing ability in buffering conditions. There was reduction in pH of media with increase in P. concentration up to 15 days. Isolate RASH6 selected on the bases of highest P. solubilizing ability in buffering condition also showed IAA, siderophore, a mmonia and HCN production. HPLC analysis showed production of succinic and gluconic acids in the non-buffered culture medium.In buffered media citric, succinic and gluconic acids were produced i n higher concentrations in comparison to non-buffer ed media, due to enhanced requirement of organic acids for reduction of pH in buffered condition. Pot stu dy showed that treatment with RASH6 had a significant effect on chickpea growth in soil amended with tricalcium phosphate in comparison to without any a mendment, indicating the role of P. solubilization ability of rhizobia in plant growth enhancement. In treatment of soil amended with soluble phosphate indicates that as soluble phosphate is already pres ent in the soil, phosphate solubilization mechanism may not be involved however other plant growth mech anism may be responsible for plant growth promotion. There was enhancement in nodulation and nitrogenase on RASH6 treatment in soil amended with phosphates indicated that improvement in P nut rition of the plant was responsible for increased nodulation and N 2-fixation. Rhizobial isolates having N 2 fixing as well as high P solubilizing capability can be of great value for sustainable yield enhance ment.
Induction of deep pectoral myopathy in broiler chickens via encouraged wing flapping

SUMMARY A reproducible method for inducing deep pectoral myopathy (DPM) in broilers was investigated. To induce DPM, broilers were subjected to encouraged wing flapping (EWF) by repeatedly raising and lowering them a distance of 1 m. Each cycle resulted in 1 bout of 4 to 6 flaps. At 45 d of age, no DPM occurred in control birds subjected to 0 cycles of EWF or those subjected to 5 cycles, whereas the prevalence of DPM (% of pectoralis minor muscles with lesions) was 7 and 33% in those subjected to 10 and 20 cycles of EWF, respectively. The prevalence of DPM in broilers subjected to 25 cycles of EWF at 49 d of age was 56% and was unaffected by sex or a 0.4-kg difference in BW. The involvement of DPM (i.e., % of muscle surface discolored) and the discoloration score (predominant color of lesions) were also unaffected by sex or BW. The prevalence of DPM at 48 or 120 h after EWF averaged 48% and was unaffected by time from EWF. However, involvement of DPM and discoloration increased with time from EWF, reflecting a change in lesion extent or visibility, and color. Susceptibility to EWF-induced DPM was observed at 26 d of age in males and 36 d of age in females. The prevalence of DPM was greater in males at 33 and 36 d, but was similar thereafter and was unaffected by BW. Therefore, the EWF method of DPM induction is useful for accentuating the occurrence of the disease to facilitate further study and that susceptibility to DPM is primarily associated with age above certain thresholds for each sex.
558. The secretion of a single tracer dose of labelled iodide in the milk of the lactating cow

1. A tracer dose of 131I in the form of radioactive potassium iodide of about 50µg. in weight has been administered to a lactating cow and the secretion of the radioactivity in the milk studied. 2. The highest activity was found in the milk on the 1st day after dosing and was only slightly lower than that expected if the iodide had been uniformly distributed throughout all the water in the animal's body. 3. The secretion of labelled iodine in the milk attained a maximum on the 1st day after dosing and thereafter declined exponentially with a half period of 1·5 days until the 9th day. The rate of secretion, though still approximately exponential, then had a much longer half period (about 10 days) but was too small to study at the dose level used. 4. Owing to the decay of the element the observed secretion of radioactivity declined more rapidly than that calculated for labelled iodine and over the first 9 days of the experiment had a half period of approximately 1·2 days. Thereafter the radioactivity declined more slowly with a half period of approximately 3·5 days. 5. From these findings it is calculated that regular daily dosing at the same rate would result in an equilibrium level in the milk about 2·3 times the maximum arising from a single dose. 6. Less than 5 % of the original dose was recovered from the milk over the period of the experiment by which time the concentration had declined to 0·5 % of its maximum. 7. The radioactivity in the milk was found to be in the chemical form of iodide ion.
Modeling community succession and assembly: A novel method for network evolution

The process of modeling community succession and assembly is in some sense a method for network evolution, as done by Barabasi and Albert (1999). It is also one of the methods to create a sample network from the statistic network I proposed earlier. I think that the mechanism of network evolution supposed by Barabasi and Albert is most likely applicable to the natural phenomena with emergency property. For natural phenomena without emergency property, the present study indicated that a scale-free network may be produced through a new mechanism, i.e., whether the connection of a taxon x occurs, dependent on the type and property of taxon y (in particular, the degree of its direct correlation with x) to be connected but not necessarily the existing number of connections of taxon y, as proposed in present study.
The measurement of primary productivity in a high-rate oxidation pond (HROP)

A high-rate oxidation pond is studied as a model system for comparing "C and oxygen evolution methods as tools for measuring primary productivity in hypertrophic aquatic systems. Our results indicate that at very dense algal populations (up to 5 mg chl. a I" 1 ) and high photosynthetic rates, 14 C based results may severely underestimate primary productivity, unless a way is found to keep incubation times very short. Results obtained with our oxygen electrode were almost an order of magnitude higher than those obtained by all 14 C procedures. These higher values correspond fairly well with a field-tested computer-simulation model, as well as with direct harvest data obtained at the same pond when operated under similar conditions. The examination of the size-fractionation of the photosynthetic activity underscored the important contribution of nannoplanktonic algae to the total production of the system.
Food and feeding habits of an endemic catfish Mystus montanus (Jerdon) in River Tambaraparani

Food and feeding habits of Mystus montanus inhabiting Tambaraparani River fed systems were studied based on analysis of the gut contents. Index of preponderance adopted for determining the percentage occurrence and volume of food items indicated that the fish is an omnivorous bottom feeder. Gut contents showed small fishes (12. 6%) cladocerans (11%), molluscs (10.8%), annelid worms (10.5%), rotifers (9%), insect larvae (7.8%), copepods (7.6%), detritus (7.6%), crustaceans (7.6%), fish scales (5%) algae (5%) and unknown items (5. 5%), as food items.
Pattern formation in photosynthetic membranes: a physical and statistical approach

Author(s): Schneider, Anna Rachel | Advisor(s): Geissler, Phillip L | Abstract: Photosystem II (PSII) and its associated light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) are highly concentrated in the stacked grana regions of photosynthetic thylakoid membranes from plants and green algae. PSII-LHCII supercomplexes can be arranged in disordered packings, ordered arrays, or mixtures thereof. The physical driving forces underlying array formation are unknown, and statistically robust methods of identifying arrays in micrographs are lacking, complicating attempts to determine a possible functional role for arrays in regulating light harvesting or energy conversion efficiency. This dissertation introduces new computational tools for studying the nano- and mesoscale organization of the membrane proteins that comprise the photosynthetic apparatus, and applies them to illuminate the origins of the diversity of local structural motifs in this adaptive biomaterial. First, we introduce a coarse-grained model of protein interactions in coupled photosynthetic membranes, focusing on a small number of particle types that feature simple shapes and potential energies motivated by structural studies. Reporting on computer simulations of the model's equilibrium fluctuations, we demonstrate its success in reproducing diverse structural features observed in experiments, including extended PSII-LHCII arrays. Free energy calculations reveal that the appearance of arrays marks a phase transition from the disordered fluid state to a system-spanning crystal. The predicted region of fluid-crystal coexistence is broad, encompassing much of the physiologically relevant parameter regime. Our results suggest that grana membranes lie at or near phase coexistence, conferring significant structural and functional flexibility to this densely packed membrane protein system. Upon extending this model to include simple representations of the membrane morphology and protein components found in thylakoid margins and stroma lamellae, we find that LHCII stacking and crowding in the grana are also primary determinants of the segregation of protein components between stacked and unstacked regions of the thylakoid membrane. In addition, we develop a statistical pipeline for identifying PSII crystals in nanometer-resolution micrographs of thylakoid membranes that would assist in future experimental tests of the predictions put forth in this dissertation; we validate our method on atomic force microscopy measurements of grana membranes isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and soq1 mutant plants. As a whole, this work creates a foundation for future rigorous biophysical investigations of the structure, function, and dynamics of the photosynthetic apparatus.
A Further Consideration of Summit Ant Swarms

An earlier report on summit ant swarms (Chapman, 1954b) presented data and observations based on first-hand studies and results from 256 questionnaires returned, in 1952, from observers at mountain-top fire lookout stations in the western U.S.A. (Fig. 1). In 1953, questionnaires were again sent to fire lookout observers, including some in western Canada, together with specimen boxes for samples from summit ant swarms. A total of 318 of these forms were returned, of which 235 were accompanied by samples of ants. This is a final report on the material supplied by lookout observers, together with a few additional comments on the phenomenon.
The genus Cryptonura Cassagnau, 1979 (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) in Iran

The first two non-European Cryptonura, C. persica sp. nov. and C. maxima sp. nov. from Iran are described and illustrated. Within the genus both new species are well defined, C. persica sp. nov. is easily distinguished by only two chaetae Di on Th.II–III and ogival labrum, C. maxima sp. nov. is recognizable due to numerous chaetae in group L on abdomen IV. Analysis of their morphological features indicate rather close relationship between them. New taxa are also similar to C. jubilaria Smolis, 2002 from Poland, nevertheless, they differ in many substantial characters e.g. colour of body, shape of dorsal tubercles, cheatotaxy of labrum and antennae. Differences between them and other species of the genus are presented in an updated key to Cryptonura and discussion.
Heritability Estimates of Agronomic Traits and Essential Oil Content in Iranian Fennels

Fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) benefits from a lot of useful medicinal properties. Iran is known as one of the main producers of fennel . In spite of high medicinal values, fennel’s cultivation is not economically feasible, mainly due to its low yield. It grows wild in different areas in Iran from where diverse ecotypes have evolved. Genetic variance and heritability estimates of traits in a plant’s primary germplasms are needed before planning of a new breeding program. In the present study the genetic diversity and broad sense heritability for 50 fennel ecotypes were assessed under field conditions for a duration of two years. Seed yield, essential oil content and some morphological traits were recorded during a two experimental years. Through stepwise regression, the yield affecting traits and essential oil content were determined. During the first and second experimental years the most effective traits affecting essential oil content were found to be the number of leaves per plant and days to 50% flowering, respectively. The weight of dry biomass affected seed yield the highest during any of the two years and for each separate year. The broad sense heritability during the two experimental years, for essential oil content and seed yield, were 0.46 and 0.63, respectively. However, some such traits as, days to 50% flowering and length of middle internodes showed higher comparative heritability (0.90 and 0.79, respectively). The high heritability of the studied traits in this germplasm indicates the germplasm’s high genetic potential to be made use of in breeding programs.
Adults’ Perceptions of Knowledge Construction as Participants in Nonformal World Affairs Programs

The purpose of this interpretive research study was to explore how adult learners perceive they construct knowledge in connection to their participation in nonformal world affairs programs. The study context involved the exploration of 12 adult learners’ perceptions of their knowledge construction as participants in world affairs programs held in an urban setting in the United States including the changing global order, the Katyń massacre, and Russia. The three main themes drawn from the study include the dynamic learning process, influencers of knowledge construction, and individual experiences as connectors in the learning process. These themes broaden an understanding of the continuum of adult learners’ perceived knowledge construction within nonformal education and free-choice learning frameworks, areas that can inform world affairs adult education and program planning.
INSECT DIET OF SOME AFROTROPICAL INSECTIVOROUS PASSERINES AT THE JOS WILDLIFE PARK, NIGERIA.

Despite being the most common avian dietary strategy, our understanding of the nutrition of avian insectivores lags behind that of less populous granivores, herbivores, and frugivores; thereby attracting research interest. Insect diet of Afrotropical insectivorous passerines at the Jos Wildlife Park was studied by trapping birds using mist nets in 2009. Trapped birds were identified and kept in a wooden box for 15 minutes to create a dark interior for the discharge of faeces. Insect remains in faecal droppings collected from individual passerines were identified to at least Order level. SPSS 2001 506 /id software packages was used for statistical analyses. Identified insect remains in faecal droppings of insectivorous passerines showed that there were 13 positively identified Orders. Ten Families belonging to the Orders Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, Isoptera, Anoplura and Mantodae were positively identified. There was a significant difference (One sample- T-test; t=5.05, df=18, P<0.001) in the choice of insect diet by the insectivorous passerines trapped during the study. Of the fragments recorded from the faecal droppings, 325(83%) constitute insect diet, 35(10%) plant materials and 25(7%) were unidentified. The study shows that insects utilised by avian insectivores in the Jos Wildlife Park is probably a reflection of insect abundance and diversity. Therefore insectivorous passerines may have adapted to feeding largely on abundant and diversed insect species present in the study area.
A senior citizen's self-management of positive and negative inner behaviours*

This investigation evaluated a senior citizen's self-management of positive and negative inner behaviours, namely thoughts and feelings. Throughout the course of the study every instance of positive and negative inners per day was counted, recorded and charted on a Standard Celeration Chart. Following baseline (Condition A), the initial intervention strategy involved the introduction of timed counting procedures, varying between 30-seconds and 1-minute in duration, during which the participant was instructed to freeltally as many positive inners as possible (Condition B). Resultant data led to the implementation of response-prompt practice and assessment procedures (Condition C), which included SAFMEDS and a personalised response-prompt worksheet designed by the participant for use during daily 1-minute counting periods. Behaviour maintenance was determined by a return to baseline (Condition A) and subsequent follow-up assessment (Condition D). The main finding was that response-prompt procedures (Condition C), particularly the personalised response-prompt worksheet, proved most effective in increasing the frequency of positive inners, both during daily 1-minute counting periods and throughout the day, whilst reducing the frequency of daily recorded negative inners. The implications of these findings in relation to future research and applications are discussed.
Influence of Aluminum and Manganese on Rabbiteye Blueberries

A sand culture study arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial was used to determine the influence of Al and Mn levels on leaf nutrient content and plant growth of 'Tifblue' rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade). Aluminum fertilization increased leaf Al content but did not affect plant vigor, leaf dry weight, or chlorosis. Manganese fertil- ization resulted in increased Mn in the leaves and a decrease in all growth parameters measured. The Al × Mn interactions were significant for Mn concentration in the leaves and vigor ratings. At the highest Mn fertilization rate, increasing Al fertilization had a synergistic influence on leaf Mn. Plant vigor at the highest Mn rate was lowest when no Al fertilizer was added. Increasing Al fertilization resulted in better plant vigor in plants grown with a high rate of Mn fertilization.
Applying Soybean Oil to Dormant Peach Trees Thins Flower Buds

Applications of soybean oil to dormant peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) trees were tested for prebloom thinning of flower buds in five separate experiments. Data were combined from experiments in which 2.5% to 20% emulsified soybean oil was sprayed on 'Belle of Georgia' or 'Redhaven' trees. The number of dead flower buds was concentra- tion-dependent with maximum bud kill of 53% occurring with application of 12% soybean oil. The amount of thinning was fairly consistent from year to year, ranging from 34% to 51% when 10% soybean oil was applied, but was less consistent when 5% was applied, ranging from 6% to 40%. Overthinning by midwinter applications of soybean oil occurred in one experiment when bud mortality on nontreated trees was 40% due to natural causes. Mild to moderate spring freezes occurred in three experiments, but did not reduce yield more in soybean oil-thinned than in nontreated trees. Flower bud survival was improved when trees were sprayed with 10% or 12% soybean oil prior to a -4 °C spring frost. Applications of soybean oil to dormant trees thinned flower buds, reduced the amount of hand thinning required, and hastened fruit maturity.
Evaluation of economic, social and sector impacts of agricultural land loss

Throughout Italy, soil sealing has had a significant impact on the landscape and on agricultural land. This issue needs to be analyzed in order to provide the policy maker with strategic information for rational land planning and environmental management. In this context, the purpose of this study is to widen our knowledge about the consumption of agricultural land in Italy, analyzing its dynamics, causes and impact. The analysis considers three specific aspects: design of a territorial model to study the extent of land consumption, qualitativequantitative evaluation and classification of the ways in which sealing areas are extended, and analysis of impact and driving forces. The results have helped identify the extent of soil sealing on a geographical basis and, at the same time, to understand how artificialization morphotypologies are linked to the changes that take place and what impact these changes have in relation to territorial multifunctionality and hydrogeological risk.
Effect of different plant hormones on callus induction in Gymnema sylvestris R.Br. (Asclepiadaceae)

The use of Gymnema sylvestris as an alternative remedy for diabetes was well known from ancient times in India and the plant is valuable for its pharmaceutical properties. The present study describes callus induction of the plant G. sylvestris using internodal explants and the influence of different plant hormones like 2,4-D, kinetin, IAA, BAP on the growth of calli. Internodes were proved to be the best explant for culture, which were grown on MS basal medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) with different concentration of various growth regulators. The standard plant tissue culture protocol for callus culture and/or micropropagation was adopted. The highest efficiency of callus formation was observed in the medium containing different concentration of 2,4-D and kinetin.
Genetic Divergence Studies in Sunflower [Helianthus annuus (L.)]

Forty genotypes of sunflower [Helianthus annuus (L.)] were evaluated during summer 2011 for seed yield and its component. The data were subjected to D2 analysis (Mahalanobis, 1936) and grouped into different clusters following Tocher's method. The forty genotypes were grouped in to 5 clusters. The averages intra cluster D2 values ranged from 0.00 to 11.16. The clustering pattern of genotypes was independent of their geographical distribution. The strains of cluster III had higher means for days to maturity, head diameter, number of seeds per capitula, number of filled seeds per capitula, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight. On the other hand, genotypes included in cluster IV had higher mean value for number of unfilled seeds per capitula. On the basis of inter cluster distances, cluster III was found to be more divergent from cluster IV. Taking into account cluster mean for important seed yield components, the various clusters which can provide the desired parents like GMU-1033, GMU-411 for hybridization for improvement of characters.
Harvest Date as a Factor in Carbohydrate Storage and Cold Hardiness of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapevines

Cold-hardiness evaluations and soluble and insoluble-nonstructural carbohydrate analysis of dormant Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon buds and cane tissue indicate a positive relationship between soluble carbohydrates and primary bud cold hardiness. Seasonal variations in soluble and insoluble carbohydrates appear to be related to changes in air temperatures and the dormancy status of the tissues. No differences were found in bud cold hardiness and only limited differences in carbohydrate levels of buds or stem tissues collected over 3 years from early harvest, normal harvest, or unharvested vines. These findings contrast with the widely held opinion that delayed harvest or failure to remove fruit results in reduced cold hardiness as a consequence of low storage carbohydrate content of the plants.
NEW DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS FOR PRATYLENCHUS VULNUS

Morphological studies on root populations of Pratylenchus vulnus, collected from the rhizosphere of peach trees in Jiangsu province, China, revealed that some specimens had subspherical spermatheca, instead of oblong, and five lines in the lateral field instead of four, as previously described. Also, the middle band of the lateral field is areolated and the tail shape is variable. It is suggested that such data are considered as diagnostic characters.