Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The suppression of TdMRP3 genes reduces the phytic acid and increases the nutrient accumulation in durum wheat grain

Micronutrient malnutrition affects more than half of the world population. Reduced bioavailability of microelements in the raw materials is considered one of the main causes of mineral deficiency in populations whose diet is largely based on the consumption of staple crops. In this context, the production of low phytic acid (lpa) cereals is a main goal of the breeding programs, as phytic acid (PA) binds essential mineral cations such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) precipitating in the form of phytate salts poorly digested by monogastric animals, including humans, due to the lack of phytases in the digestive tract. Since PA limits the bioavailability of microelements, it is widely recognized as an anti-nutritional compound. A Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) approach has been undertaken to silence the genes encoding the TdABCC13 proteins, known as Multidrug-Resistance associated Proteins 3 (TdMRP3), transporters involved in the accumulation of PA inside the vacuole in durum wheat. The TdMRP3 complete null genotypes showed a significant reduction in the content of PA and were able to accumulate a higher amount of essential micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn) compared to the control. The number of spikelets and seeds per spike, traits associated with the agronomic performances, were reduced compared to the control, but the negative effect was in part balanced by the increased grain weight. The TdMRP3 mutant lines showed morphological differences in the root apparatus such as a significant decrease in the number of root tips, root length, volume and surface area and an increase in root average diameter compared to the control plants. These materials represent a promising basis for obtaining new commercial durum wheats with higher nutritional value.
ON THE SOLUTIONS OF SET-VALUED STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN M-TYPE 2 BANACH SPACES

In a certain Banach space called an M-type 2 Banach space (including Hilbert spaces), we consider a set-valued stochastic differential equation with a set-valued drift term and a single valued diffusion term, under the Lipschitz continuity conditions, and we prove the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions which are continuous in the Haus- dorff distance.
Nanodiamonds for optical bioimaging

Diamond has received increasing attention for its promising biomedical applications. The material is highly biocompatible and can be easily conjugated with bioactive molecules. Recently, nanoscale diamond has been applied as light scattering labels and luminescent optical markers. The luminescence, arising from photoexcitation of colour centres, can be substantially enhanced when type Ib diamond nanocrystals are bombarded by a high-energy particle beam and then annealed to form negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centres. The centre absorbs strongly at 560 nm, fluoresces efficiently in the far-red region and is exceptionally photostable (without photoblinking and photobleaching). It is an ideal candidate for long-term imaging and tracking in complex cellular environments. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of fluorescent nanodiamonds for optical bioimaging with single particle sensitivity and nanometric resolution.
Success for All in England : Results From the Third Year of a National Evaluation

This article reports the third-year findings of a longitudinal evaluation in England of Success for All (SFA), a comprehensive literacy program. Eighteen SFA schools across England and 18 control schools, matched on prior achievement and demographics, were included in this quasi-experimental study. The results of hierarchical linear modeling analysis reveal a statistically significant positive school-level effect for SFA schools compared with control schools on standardized reading measures of word-level and decoding skills, and there were directionally positive but nonsignificant school-level effects on measures of comprehension and fluency. Practical and policy implications of these findings are discussed, particularly as they relate to recent English government policies encouraging schools to implement research-proven approaches.
A study of CNO elements in barium stars

Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen abundances are presented for seven mild barium stars and two classical barium stars. The mild barium stars do not show the carbon enhancement typical of the classical Ba II stars. The CNO abundances of the mild barium and normal G and K giants are identical. An s-process enhancement is confirmed for some of the mild barium stars.
Application of the Dirac delta function to electric charge and multipole distributions

We introduce the concept of equivalent volume charge density for all types of charge and multipole distributions, discrete as well as continuous. The equivalent volume charge density for point charges, point dipoles, and point quadrupoles is expressed in terms of the Dirac delta function and its derivatives. The equivalent volume charge density for surface charge distributions and surface dipole distributions is obtained by introducing a ’’surface delta function. ’’ The well‐known equivalence between a continuous distribution of dipoles within a specified volume and the volume and surface densities is derived directly by means of the delta function formalism. The same method is also applied to find the equivalent volume and charge distributions for a continuous distribution of quadrupoles confined in a specified volume.
Asymptotic normalization coefficients and the Be-7(p, gamma)B-8 astrophysical S factor

A. Azhari, V. Burjan, F. Carstoiu, 3 C. A. Gagliardi, 1 V. Kroha, A. M. Mukhamedzhanov, 1 F. M. Nunes, 4 X. Tang, L. Trache, 1 and R. E. Tribble Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 Institute for Nuclear Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague-R ˇež, Czech Republic Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praca 9 de Abril, 4200 Porto, Portugal ~Received 29 June 2000; published 23 April 2001 !
Functional Observers Design for Two Interconnected Linear Systems Via LMI

Abstract This paper proposes a functional observer for each subsystem of two interconnected system. An original expression of the observation error permits to use previous results on large scale delay systems to solve the problem. The proposed observers are free of interconnection terms and the observation error is unbiased. The observer are designed via some gains which are obtained via LMIs (i.e. via a tractable approach) from the Lyapunov-Krasovskii stability results. An algorithm is given for the computation of the observers, then a numerical example shows their effectiveness of this approach. This result can be extended for the H ∞ filtering of linear and nonlinear large scale systems.
Analysing behavioural risk factor surveillance data by using spatially and temporally varying coefficient models

The study of temporal and spatial trends in large databases, such as behavioural risk factor surveillance data, can be a great challenge, especially when the intent is to study the time‐related effects of multiple independent variables; this is an issue which is not usually addressed in trend analysis in epidemiological studies. This study demonstrates the use of varying coefficient models using non‐parametric techniques, which can show how coefficients vary in time or space; it is a useful statistical tool that is applied for the first time to health surveillance data. Using the US ‘Behavioral risk factor surveillance system’, a varying coefficient model is constructed using obesity as an outcome measure. Odds ratio plots and probability maps illustrate the temporal or spatial changes in coefficients of the independent variables; these results can be used to identify changes in at‐risk subgroups of the population for the odds of obesity.
Crystal growth and high piezoelectric performance of 0.95Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–0.05BaTiO3 lead-free ferroelectric materials

A large single crystal of 0.95Na0. 5Bi0.5TiO3–0.05BaTiO3 (0.95NBT–0.05BT) with dimensions of 35 mm diameter × 10 mm length was grown by the top-seeded-solution growth method (TSSG). X-ray powder diffraction results indicate that the as-grown 0.95NBT–0.05BT crystal is of a perovskite structure and belongs to the rhombohedral system. The dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated in detail. The room temperature dielectric constants for unpoled ⟨0 0 1⟩, ⟨1 1 0⟩ and ⟨1 1 1⟩ oriented crystal samples are 1450, 1650 and 1750 at 1 kHz and decrease to 1050, 800 and 480 after poling. The remanent polarizations Pr of ⟨0 0 1⟩, ⟨1 1 0⟩ and ⟨1 1 1⟩ oriented crystal samples are 16.44 µC cm−2, 23.69 µC cm−2 and 27.63 µC cm−2 with the coercive fields Ec of 32.72 kV cm−1, 31.20 kV cm−1 and 28.15 kV cm−1, respectively. Interestingly, the piezoelectric constant d33 of the 0.95NBT–0.05BT crystal shows apparent anisotropy along its pseudocubic ⟨0 0 1⟩, ⟨1 1 0⟩ and ⟨1 1 1⟩ directions. The ⟨0 0 1⟩ poled 0.95NBT–0.05BT crystals show excellent piezoelectric properties with d33 = 280 pC N−1. However, the d33 values of the ⟨1 1 1⟩ oriented 0.95NBT–0.05BT crystal are only 90 pC N−1. The origin of apparent anisotropy in piezoelectric properties has been discussed in detail.
Negative group-velocity dispersion using refraction

It is shown that a negative contribution to the group-velocity dispersion always accompanies angular dispersion. We describe structures, such as slabs and prisms, that use this contribution to provide adjustable group-velocity dispersion. We discuss, in particular, considerations regarding incorporation of these structures with a laser resonator. A description of possible submillimeter semiconductor devices is also given.
NORMALIZED THERMAL STRESSES ANALYSIS TO DESIGN A THERMAL FATIGUE EXPERIMENT

ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the thermal fatigue testing conditions that can be found in the literature about shape-forming tools. The importance of the local geometry of the tools is discussed. The key point of the study is to demonstrate that a reproduction of thermal fatigue conditions must take into account a size effect: the same apparent thermal shock does not have the same effect in a large, thick tool as it has in a small, thin laboratory specimen. This paper proposes a method to evaluate what kind of thermal shock to perform on the laboratory specimen to replicate a thermal shock observed in the large and thick tool. A global method of design of a thermal fatigue experiment is given for a cylindrical specimen, provided that the maximum temperature, maximum thermal stresses, and the corresponding time in the cycle have been previously determined. A method to determine the required data is proposed. A definition of the intensity of the thermal shocks is proposed and damages on specimen surfaces are illustrated with regard to that definition.
On the reconstruction of magnetospheric plasma pressure distributions from empirical geomagnetic field models

[1] Four data-based models of the magnetospheric magnetic field were tested for the degree of their consistency with a static balance between the magnetic and plasma stresses. To that end, best fit distributions of the plasma sheet pressure and its anisotropy were derived in the midnight meridian plane, using two specific forms of the particle distribution function. The tailward limit of the modeling region was placed at R = 20 RE, where the condition of pressure balance with the tail lobe field was used to avoid the multiplicity of solutions of the force balance equation. Best fit solutions were derived by minimizing the rms difference between the magnetic and plasma stress vectors over a set of points within the model plasma sheet at distances 5 ≤ R ≤ 20 RE. The obtained equatorial profiles of P⊥ and P∥ demonstrate a steep decrease of both pressures from the inner to outer boundary and a strong overall increase from quiet to disturbed conditions. The anisotropy ratio β = P∥/P⊥ was found to significantly deviate from unity in the case of TU82 and T87 models, with progressively higher values of β at larger tailward distances. By contrast, more recent T89 and T96 models yielded more realistic results with nearly isotropic pressure in the tail and a moderate pancake-type anisotropy in the inner magnetosphere, consistent with observations.
Convergence Criteria of Iterative Methods Based on Landweber Iteration for Solving Nonlinear Problems

Abstract Landweber iteration xk+1 = xk − F′(xk)*(F(xk) − y) for the solution of a nonlinear operator equation F(x0) = y0 can be viewed as a fixed point iteration with fixed point operator x − F′(x)*(F(x) − y). Especially for nonlinear ill-posed problems, it seems impossible to verify that this fixed point operator is of contractive type, which is a typical assumption for proving (weak) convergence of fixed point iteration schemes. However, for specific examples of nonlinear ill-posed problems it is possible to verify conditions of quasi-contractive type. Weak convergence of Landweber iteration can be proven by application of general results for fixed point iterations, based on quasi-contractive type conditions. In a recent paper by Hanke et al. a condition on the operator F has been investigated, which guarantees convergence of the Landweber′s method. A geometrical interpretation of this condition is given and is compared with well-known conditions in the theory of fixed point iterations.
An Isoperimetric Inequality for Eigenvalues of the Stekloff Problem

Let Ω be a bounded smooth domain in ℝn and let 0 = λ1 ≤ λ2 ≤ … denote the eigenvalues of the Stekloff problem: Δu = 0 in Ω and (∥u)/(∥ν) = λi on ∥Ω. We show that , where denotes the second eigenvalue of the Stekloff problem in a ball having the same measure as Ω. The proof is based on a weighted isoperimetric inequality.
Undulations in the photoionization cross section curves of molecules

The cross sections for photoionization from the 1s? , 2s? and 3s? states of H2+ are calculated for energies of ejection of up to 16 ryd. Contrary to what has been suggested, the photoionization cross section curves do not show undulations. A simple model of a more complex diatomic molecule is investigated. In this case a shoulder, rather similar to those found by Samson and Cairns in 1965, appears in the photoionization cross section curve. It is associated with the passage through zero of the matrix element of one of the ? l = 1 transitions, l being the azimuthal quantum number in the united atom limit. The ? l = 3 and 5 transitions are far too weak to be invoked in explanation of the structure observed by Samson and Cairns.
Enhancement of strength and stiffness of Nylon 6 filaments through carbon nanotubes reinforcement

We report a method to fabricate carbon nanotube reinforced Nylon filaments through an extrusion process. In this process, Nylon 6 and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are first dry mixed and then extruded in the form of continuous filaments by a single screw extrusion method. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies have indicated that there is a moderate increase in Tg without a discernible shift in the melting endotherm. Tensile tests on single filaments have demonstrated that Young’s modulus and strength of the nanophased filaments have increased by 220% and 164%, respectively with the addition of only 1wt. % MWCNTs. SEM studies and micromechanics based calculations have shown that the alignment of MWCNTs in the filaments, and high interfacial shear strength between the matrix and the nanotube reinforcement was responsible for such a dramatic improvement in properties.
Asymptotic behaviour of an eigenvalue in the continuous spectrum of a narrowed waveguide

The existence of an eigenvalue embedded in the continuous spectrum is proved for the Neumann problem for Helmholtz's equation in a two-dimensional waveguide with two outlets to infinity which are half-strips of width and , where is a small parameter. The width function of the part of the waveguide connecting these outlets is of order ; it is defined as a linear combination of three fairly arbitrary functions, whose coefficients are obtained from a certain nonlinear equation. The result is derived from an asymptotic analysis of an auxiliary object, the augmented scattering matrix. Bibliography: 29 titles.
A continuous polling system with general service times

Consider a ring on which a server travels at constant speed. Customers arrive on the ring according to a Poisson process, at locations independently and uniformly distributed over the circle. Whenever the server encounters a customer, he stops and serves the client according to a general service time distribution. After the service is completed, the server removes the customer from the ring and resumes his round. The model is analyzed by means of point processes and regenerative processes in combination with some stochastic integration theory. This approach clarifies the analysis of the continuous polling model and provides the means for further generalizations. For every time $t$, the locations of customers that are waiting for service and the positions of clients that have been served during the last tour of the server are represented by random counting measures. These measures converge in distribution as $t \rightarrow \infty$. A recursive expression for the Laplace functionals of the limiting random measures is found, from which the corresponding $k$th moment measures can be derived.
The Departure of the Overtones of a Vibrating String from a True Harmonic Series

The changes in frequency caused by variations in tension due to the amplitude of vibration of a wire are treated by the method of perturbations. The constraints introduced by the bridges at the end nodes as studied by Raman, and on the bending moments due to the stiffness of the wire are included in the treatment. The overtones do not, in general, form a true harmonic series. In general, the combined influence of stiffness and amplitude sharpens the overtones with respect to the fundamental. A new type of monochord has been designed with which a cathode ray oscillograph is used to determine the effect of amplitude on frequency of strings of various lengths, diameters and materials. The absolute frequency is determined with a thyratron scale‐of‐sixteen circuit in connection with a Riesler standard clock. The electrically maintained vibrations are essentially free vibrations corresponding to the vibrations of piano wires. The degree of departure to be expected from an exact harmonic series for these instrum.
Discretized LMI set in the stability problem of linear uncertain time-delay systems

The stability problem of linear uncertain time-delay systems is considered using a quadratic Lyapunov functional. The resulting stability criterion is a constrained linear matrix inequality set. The condition is necessary and sufficient if it is applied to uncertainty-free systems. A discretization scheme is proposed to reduce the constrained LMI set to a regular LMI problem. Conservatism due to discretization can be made small through finer discretization. Comparison with a previous example shows significant improvements even under very coarse discretization.
Detailed Aerodynamic Analysis of a Shrouded Tail Rotor Using an Unstructured Mesh Flow Solver

The detailed aerodynamics of a shrouded tail rotor in hover has been numerically studied using a parallel inviscid flow solver on unstructured meshes. The numerical method is based on a cell-centered finite-volume discretization and an implicit Gauss-Seidel time integration. The calculation was made for a single blade by imposing a periodic boundary condition between adjacent rotor blades. The grid periodicity was also imposed at the periodic boundary planes to avoid numerical inaccuracy resulting from solution interpolation. The results were compared with available experimental data and those from a disk vortex theory for validation. It was found that realistic three-dimensional modeling is important for the prediction of detailed aerodynamics of shrouded rotors including the tip clearance gap flow.
A survey of recent convergence results for continued fractions

Bn — bnBn-i + önßn_2, with the initial conditions AQ = 0, Ax = a1? B0 = 1, Bi = foxThe continued fraction algorithm is a function K which assigns to the ordered pair of sequences {{an}, {bn}) the sequence {Sn(0)}. A continued fraction is an ordered pair {{{an}, {bn}), {Sn(0)}) G K. The quantity Sn(0) = AnlBn is called the nth approximant of the continued fraction. One also uses the notation K(ajbn) = {Sn(0)} = {AJBn}.
A Course in Functional Analysis

This book is an introductory text in functional analysis, aimed at the graduate student with a firm background in integration and measure theory. Unlike many modern treatments, this book begins with the particular and works its way to the more general, helping the student to develop an intuitive feel for the subject. For example, the author introduces the concept of a Banach space only after having introduced Hilbert spaces, and discussing their properties. The student will also appreciate the large number of examples and exercises which have been included.
Tests for Comparing Dependent Correlations Revisited: A Monte Carlo Study.

Abstract A Monte Carlo evaluation of 4 test statistics for comparing dependent zero-order correlations was conducted. In particular, the power and Type I error rates of Hotelling's t; Williams' t; Olkin's z; and Meng, Rosenthal, and Rubin's Z were evaluated for sample sizes of 20, 50, 100, and 300 under 3 different population distributions (normal, uniform, and exponential). For the power analyses, 3 different magnitudes of discrepancy or effect sizes between ρy, x1 , and ρy, x2 were examined (values of .1, .3, and .6). Likewise, for the Type I error rate analyses, 3 different magnitudes of the predictor-criterion correlations were evaluated (ρy, x1 = ρy, x2 = .1, .4, and .7). All of the analyses were conducted at 3 different levels of predictor intercorrelation (ρx1, x2 = .1, .3, and .6). The results indicated that the choice as to which test statistic is optimal, in terms of power and Type I error rate, depends not only on sample size and population distribution but also on (a) the predictor intercorrel.
Combination of DTI and fMRI reveals the white matter changes correlating with the decline of default-mode network activity in Alzheimer's disease

Recently, evidences from fMRI studies have shown that there was decreased activity among the default-mode network in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and DTI researches also demonstrated that demyelinations exist in white matter of AD patients. Therefore, combining these two MRI methods may help to reveal the relationship between white matter damages and alterations of the resting state functional connectivity network. In the present study, we tried to address this issue by means of correlation analysis between DTI and resting state fMRI images. The default-mode networks of AD and normal control groups were compared to find the areas with significantly declined activity firstly. Then, the white matter regions whose fractional anisotropy (FA) value correlated with this decline were located through multiple regressions between the FA values and the BOLD response of the default networks. Among these correlating white matter regions, those whose FA values also declined were found by a group comparison between AD patients and healthy elderly control subjects. Our results showed that the areas with decreased activity among default-mode network included left posterior cingulated cortex (PCC), left medial temporal gyrus et al. And the damaged white matter areas correlated with the default-mode network alterations were located around left sub-gyral temporal lobe. These changes may relate to the decreased connectivity between PCC and medial temporal lobe (MTL), and thus correlate with the deficiency of default-mode network activity.