Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the efficacy and safety in the treatment strategies between chemotherapy combined with antiangiogenic and with immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with negative PD-L1 expression: A network meta-analysis

Background In the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), for those patients with negative PD-L1 expression, which treatment strategy has the better efficacy and safety between chemotherapy combined with antiangiogenic and with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is still unclear due to the absence of head-to-head clinical trials. This study aims to answer the question by performing a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov) were systematically searched accordingly to extract eligible studies from inception to October 2022, as well as the abstracts from the most recent main oncology congresses (American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC), and European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO)). Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events (AEs) of grades 3 to 5 were independently extracted and collected by two reviewers based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. We used Cochrane’s risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials through RevMan 5.3 to ascertain the quality of the included studies. NMA with a Bayesian random-effects model was performed by R (version 4.0.4). Results According to the ranking list from OS-NMA, pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy has the most effective ranking first (surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) = 0.809844) (pooled HR = 0.65 [0.51–0.83]). On PFS, the triple combination of nivolumab/bevacizumab/chemotherapy ranks first (NMA estimate: HR = 0.35 [0.28–0.43]). On safety, in combination with chemotherapy, sintilimab has minimal toxicity, followed by pembrolizumab+chemo. Conclusions In advanced NSCLC patients with negative PD-L1 expression, pembrolizumab+chemo ranks first in the efficacy of OS and does not apparently increase the incidence of any grade ≥ 3 AE as compared with chemo alone. On PFS, pembrolizumab also has advantages, but for patients with squamous cell carcinoma, camrelizumab+chemo seems to be a better choice. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021231441.
A nonstorm time enhancement of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt

Despite the lack of a geomagnetic storm (based on the Dst index), relativistic electron fluxes were enhanced over 2.5 orders of magnitude in the outer radiation belt in 13 h on 13–14 January 2013. The unusual enhancement was observed by Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS), onboard the Van Allen Probes; Relativistic Electron and Proton Telescope Integrated Little Experiment, onboard the Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment; and Solid State Telescope, onboard Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS). Analyses of MagEIS phase space density (PSD) profiles show a positive outward radial gradient from 4 < L < 5.5. However, THEMIS observations show a peak in PSD outside of the Van Allen Probes' apogee, which suggest a very interesting scenario: wave‐particle interactions causing a PSD peak at ~ L* = 5.5 from where the electrons are then rapidly transported radially inward. This letter demonstrates, for the first time in detail, that geomagnetic storms are not necessary for causing dramatic enhancements in the outer radiation belt.
Compost Dairy Barn Layout and Management Recommendations in Kentucky: A Descriptive Study

Simple Summary Here, we aimed to characterize the structural features, to descript the bedding material, and to observe the management practices of compost (CBP) barns in the state of Kentucky (USA). These systems allow thermal comfort for animals, as well as better hygiene conditions for cows. All CBP barns showed structural variations. Sawdust and wood shavings were the most used materials in beds and coliforms E. coli, Bacillus, and Streptococcus were present in the CBP barns with a lower moisture content. In addition, the most frequently cited benefits of the CBP barn include increased cow comfort compared to free stalls; increased cow cleanliness; low maintenance; its ability to work well for heifers and lame, fresh, problem, and old cows; and its ability to allow natural resting positions with no free stalls. Abstract This study was conducted to describe the building layout and dimensions, characterize the bedding material, and observe the management practices in 42 compost-bedded pack (CBP) barns in Kentucky (USA). The average herd size found in the study was 90 cows and the breeds consisted of Jersey (6.8%), Holstein (72.7%), and mixed (20.5%). The average CBP barn dimensions were 49.1 m (length) by 21.9 m (width). Many of these barns had feed alleys and driveways; overshot ridges with frequent orientation from NE to SW; and green sawdust, kiln-dried sawdust, or a mixture of both as the most common bedding materials. The bed-turning process was performed mechanically at depths of less than 0.25 m, and the loading of fresh material was performed every one to five weeks, varying by season, weather conditions, barn size, and cow density. The average bedding moisture content was found to be 59.0% (wet bulb—w.b.) and ranged from 36.2 to 71.8%. Coliforms were not present in barns that had a higher compost temperature, and the E. coli, Bacillus, and Streptococcus counts were higher in the barns that had a lower moisture content. In conclusion, it was observed that heterogeneous management was used among the barns and that the producers were satisfied with the compost barn system.
Small-Sample Sonar Image Classification Based on Deep Learning

Deep learning is a core technology for sonar image classification. However, owing to the cost of sampling, a lack of data for sonar image classification impedes the training and deployment of classifiers. Classic deep learning models such as AlexNet, VGG, GoogleNet, and ResNet suffer from low recognition rates and overfitting. This paper proposes a novel network (ResNet-ACW) based on a residual network and a combined few-shot strategy, which is derived from generative adversarial networks (GAN) and transfer learning (TL). We establish a sonar image dataset of six-category targets, which are formed by sidescan sonar, forward-looking sonar, and three-dimensional imaging sonar. The training process of ResNet-ACW on the sonar image dataset is more stable and the classification accuracy is also improved through an asymmetric convolution and a designed network structure. We design a novel GAN (LN-PGAN) that can generate images more efficiently to enhance our dataset and fine-tune ResNet-ACW pretrained on mini-ImageNet. Our method achieves 95.93% accuracy and a 14.19% increase in the six-category target sonar image classification tasks.
Multifunctional and Collaborative Protection of Proteins, Peptides, Phenolic Compounds, and Other Molecules against Oxidation in Apricot Seeds Extracts

Antioxidant activity studies usually focus on a single type of molecule and do not consider possible collaborations among different molecules. The purpose of this work was to obtain multicomponent extracts exerting protection against oxidation from apricot seeds and to study the individual role of these components in the whole protection. Pressurized liquid extraction was employed to obtain extracts, and a response surface methodology enabled exploration of the effect of extraction conditions on the composition and prevalence of the antioxidant mechanism. Extractions carried out at 170 °C, in up to 7% ethanol, and for up to 25 min guaranteed multifunctional protection against oxidation by the collaboration of different molecules. While phenolic compounds were the main contributors to radical-scavenging capacity (R2 = 90% for ABTS and 88% for DPPH), proteins and phenolic compounds showed similar roles in the whole reducing power (proteins (R2 = 86%) and TPC (R2 = 90%)), and other compounds inhibited the formation of hydroxyl radicals and, especially, the peroxidation of lipids. The presence of peptides modified the antioxidant protection of extracts. UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds and other antioxidant molecules. The presence of different kinds of molecules led to a multifunctional and collaborative protection against oxidation that could not be exerted by individual molecules.
Efficient Frameworks for Generalized Low-Rank Matrix Bandit Problems

In the stochastic contextual low-rank matrix bandit problem, the expected reward of an action is given by the inner product between the action's feature matrix and some fixed, but initially unknown $d_1$ by $d_2$ matrix $\Theta^*$ with rank $r \ll \{d_1, d_2\}$, and an agent sequentially takes actions based on past experience to maximize the cumulative reward. In this paper, we study the generalized low-rank matrix bandit problem, which has been recently proposed in \cite{lu2021low} under the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) framework. To overcome the computational infeasibility and theoretical restrain of existing algorithms on this problem, we first propose the G-ESTT framework that modifies the idea from \cite{jun2019bilinear} by using Stein's method on the subspace estimation and then leverage the estimated subspaces via a regularization idea. Furthermore, we remarkably improve the efficiency of G-ESTT by using a novel exclusion idea on the estimated subspace instead, and propose the G-ESTS framework. We also show that G-ESTT can achieve the $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{(d_1+d_2)MrT})$ bound of regret while G-ESTS can achineve the $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{(d_1+d_2)^{3/2}Mr^{3/2}T})$ bound of regret under mild assumption up to logarithm terms, where $M$ is some problem dependent value. Under a reasonable assumption that $M = O((d_1+d_2)^2)$ in our problem setting, the regret of G-ESTT is consistent with the current best regret of $\tilde{O}((d_1+d_2)^{3/2} \sqrt{rT}/D_{rr})$~\citep{lu2021low} ($D_{rr}$ will be defined later). For completeness, we conduct experiments to illustrate that our proposed algorithms, especially G-ESTS, are also computationally tractable and consistently outperform other state-of-the-art (generalized) linear matrix bandit methods based on a suite of simulations.
Fast Flexible Direct Power Flow for Unbalanced and Balanced Distribution Systems

The study proposes a fast flexible direct power flow solution for radial distribution systems and a fast flexible direct weakly meshed power flow solution for weakly meshed distribution systems. The algorithm is based on the direct forward sweep power flow solution, which is an updated version of the backward/forward sweep solution. The fast flexible direct power flow uses a unique conversion matrix (CM) to rapidly determine the power flow solution. The inverted conversion matrix and its slide-modified matrix are used to solve the power flow problem in a single forward sweep step, which is a novel feature of this work. To ensure the invertibility of the conversion matrix, it is constructed to have a small condition number and a determinant of minus one, and all of its eigenvalues must be equal to that of minus one. Additionally, by modifying the conversion matrix to accommodate the loop branch using the break-point idea, a new weakly meshed conversion matrix (WMCM) is generated with the same following modification as for the radial network and employed in the fast flexible direct weakly meshed power flow (FFDWMPF) solution for the weakly meshed distribution network. The usage of a single matrix in the power flow solution and advanced direct techniques decreases the number of iterations and CPU execution time when MATLAB programming is executed. Furthermore, the proposed method is flexible enough to incorporate any changes in the radial or weakly meshed distribution system just by incorporating the changes in the CM and WMCM for any radial or weakly meshed system. Moreover, the robustness of FFDPF and FFDWMPF is evaluated under various loading scenarios on balanced radial and weakly meshed distribution networks. Finally, to validate the proposed algorithm, the proposed strategy is applied to numerous balanced and unbalanced distribution systems.
Room‐temperature tunable mid‐infrared lasers on transition‐metal doped II–VI compound crystals grown from vapor phase

Seeded free growth method with physical transport was used for preparation of large‐size II–VI single crystals uniformly doped by transition metals directly during the growth. The grown crystals possess small intrinsic losses. Based on these crystals new results on development of mid‐IR lasers were achieved. With the CdSe:Cr crystal pumped at the room temperature (RT) by a continuous wave (CW) 1.908‐µm thulium fiber laser, output laser power at 2.6 µm was increased up to 1.7 W. CW lasing from the ZnSe:Fe crystal was achieved using the 2.97‐µm CW Cr2+:CdSe laser as a pump source. In this case the output power as high as 0.2 W was obtained at 4.1 µm and T = 80 K. Broad spectral tuning of the Cr2+:CdSe (2.26–3.61 µm) and Fe2+:ZnSe (3.95–5.05 µm) lasers was achieved at RT in the pulsed operation. The RT laser action from CdS:Cr and CdSe:Fe was demonstrated for the first time. The output power of the CW Cr+2:CdS laser was 0.81 W. The pulsed Fe2+:CdSe laser was tuned in the 4.6–5.9 µm spectral range.
Catalytic RNA Oligomers Formed by Co-Oligomerization of a Pair of Bimolecular RNase P Ribozymes

Naturally occurring ribozymes with a modular architecture are promising platforms for construction of RNA nanostructures because modular redesign enables their oligomerization. The resulting RNA nanostructures can exhibit the catalytic function of the parent ribozyme in an assembly dependent manner. In this study, we designed and constructed open-form oligomers of a bimolecular form of an RNase P ribozyme. The ribozyme oligomers were analyzed biochemically and by atomic force microscopy (AFM).
GENSMAC: a computational marker and cell method for free surface flows in general domains

Abstract A computer program for solving two-dimensional incompressible viscous fluid flow in general domains is described. This is based on the simplified Marker and cell technique, but it has a number of novel features. A user-supplied data file of coordinates prescribes the fluid domain which can be quite general and needs only to be connected. With a view to parallelisation the momentum equations are solved explicitly, but an automatic step-changing routine optimises the stability restriction. A conjugate gradient solver is used to invert the discrete Poisson equation. An accurate approximation to the stress conditions on the free surface is adopted. The code is written in structured FORTRAN with features from FORTRAN 90. The efficacy of the code is illustrated by applying it to some industrial problems.
Spectral line profiles of Fe XXI 1354.1 A from the Solar Maximum Mission

Observations of the Fe XXI 1354.1 A line were obtained for several flares using the SMM-UVSP instrument with varying spectral and spatial resolution. Of special interest are spectral line profiles from the footpoints of flare loops taken during the impulsive phase. These data show blueshifted Fe XXI profiles coincident and cospatial with the impulsive brightening of chromospheric material. The present analysis supports the hypothesis that the blueshifted component of the high temperature emission is an integral part of the flare, possibly associated with chromospheric evaporation. 17 references.
Probability Integration by Directional Simulation

Reliability evaluation methods based on directional simulation for structural reliability analysis is treated herein. The methods can be used to check results obtained by a first‐ or second‐order reliability method. Directional importance sampling based on first‐ and second‐order reliability results is used to reduce the variance on the probability estimator. Sampling densities and procedures for important types of failure surfaces considered in the space of independent and standardized Gaussian variables are set up. The types include hyper‐spheres, hyperplanes, rotationally symmetrical hyperparaboloids, surfaces defining a convex polyhedral failure set, as well as series‐systems failure surfaces.
Low Budget Active Learning : Theory and Algorithms

Deep active learning aims to reduce the annotation cost for deep neural networks, which are notoriously data-hungry. In this work, we focus on the relation between the number of labeled examples (budget size), and suitable querying strategies. Our theoretical analysis shows a behavior reminiscent of phase transition: typical examples are best queried when the budget is low, while unrepresentative examples are best queried when the budget is large. Combined evidence shows that a similar phenomenon occurs in common classification models. Accordingly, we propose TypiClust and ProbCover – two deep active learning strategies suited for low budgets. In a comparative empirical investigation of supervised learning, using a variety of architectures and image datasets, TypiClust and ProbCover outperform all other active learning strategies in the low-budget regime. In the semisupervised framework, performance gets an even more significant boost. In particular, state-of-the-art semi-supervised methods trained on CIFAR-10 with 10 labeled examples selected by TypiClust, reach 93.2% accuracy – an improvement of 39.4% over random selection. This thesis is based upon the findings of two published papers: • Active Learning on a Budget: Opposite Strategies Suit High and Low Budgets [ICML 2022] (Avihu Dekel, Guy Hacohen, Daphna Weinshall) • Active Learning Through a Covering Lens [NeurIPS 2022] (Ofer Yehuda, Avihu Dekel, Guy Hacohen, Daphna Weinshall) Code is available at https://github.com/avihu111/TypiClust.
In Vitro Anti-Influenza A Virus H1N1 Effect of Sesquiterpene-Rich Extracts of Carpesium abrotanoides

Due to a high content of sesquiterpenes, Carpesium abrotanoides has been investigated to fully explore its health-promoting properties. Therefore, this work aimed to assess, for the first time, the anti-influenza A virus H1N1 potential of sesquiterpene-targeted fractions of the herb derived from C. abrotanoides. Five compounds, including four sesquiterpenes and one aldehyde, were isolated and identified from the sesquiterpene-rich extracts of C. abrotanoides (SECA), and the contents of three main sesquiterpenes in the SECA were determined. Furthermore, SECA showed a significant protective effect in the MDCK cells infected with influenza A virus (H1N1) in three different conditions: premixed administration, prophylactic administration, and therapeutic administration. SECA can significantly decrease the mRNA expressions of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6, as well as the protein expressions of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB. This result suggests that SECA can resist the influenza A virus H1N1 through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal pathway.
Crystalline orientation and twin formation in YBCO thin films laser ablated from a nanocrystalline target

Two sets of superconducting thin films were deposited on SrTiO3 by laser ablation, the first using a nanocrystalline target (n-films) and the second using a commercial microcrystalline target (μ-films). The effect of film thickness on the structure of the films was investigated using detailed x-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that for both types of film growth is a three-phase process, where at the beginning some grains with their a-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface are formed. In the second phase a purely c-axis oriented film is formed and in the last phase some a-axis oriented grains are again observed. The last phase was observed only for the μ-films. Both types of film were found to have equal numbers of c-axis oriented grains oriented with their a-axis to the = 0° and to the 90° direction. It was also found that the twin structure observed in both types of film develops much faster in the n-films, which might be the reason for the observed high critical current densities in n-films.
Handling “Don't Know” Survey Responses: The Case of the Slovenian Plebiscite

Abstract The critical step in the drive toward an independent Slovenia was the plebiscite held in December 1990, at which the citizens of Slovenia voted overwhelmingly in favor of a sovereign and independent state. The Slovenian Public Opinion (SPO) survey of November/December 1990 was used by the government of Slovenia to prepare for the plebiscite. Because the plebiscite counted as “YES voters” only those voters who attended and voted for independence (nonvoters counted as “NO voters”), “Don't Know” survey responses can be thought of as missing data—the true intention of the voter is unknown but must be either “YES” or “NO.” An analysis of the survey data under the missing-at-random assumption for the missing responses provides remarkably accurate estimates of the eventual plebiscite outcome, substantially better than ad hoc methods and a nonignorable model that allows nonresponse to depend on the intended vote.
Behavior of the three fluctuating velocity components in the wall region of a turbulent channel flow

Measurements of the three fluctuating components of the velocity and of the two components of the wall shear stress fluctuations have been made in a fully developed turbulent channel flow at Re=7700 using hot‐film probes. These measurements include rms values, skewness and flatness factors, and probability density functions. Although the wall region is emphasized here, information for the whole channel half‐width is also given.
Exploring Lightning Jump Characteristics

This studyis concerned with the characteristics of stormsexhibitingan abrupttemporalincrease in the total lightning flash rate [i.e., lightning jump (LJ)]. An automated storm tracking method is used to identify storm ‘‘clusters’’ and total lightning activity from three different lightning detection systems over Oklahoma, northernAlabama,andWashington,D.C.Onaverageandfordifferentemployedthresholds,theclustersthat encompass at least one LJ (LJ1) last longer and relate to higher maximum expected size of hail, vertical integrated liquid, and lightning flash rates (area normalized) than do the clusters without an LJ (LJ0). The respective mean radar-derived and lightning values for LJ1 (LJ0) clusters are 80min (35min), 14mm (8mm), 25kgm 22 (18kgm 22 ), and 0.05flashmin 21 km 22 (0.01flashmin 21 km 22 ). Furthermore, the LJ1 clusters are also characterized by slower-decaying autocorrelation functions, a result that implies a less ‘‘random’’ behavior in the temporal flash rate evolution. In addition, the temporal occurrence of the last LJ provides an estimate of the time remaining to the storm’s dissipation. Depending on the LJ strength (i.e., varying thresholds), these values typically range between 20 and 60min, with stronger jumps indicating more time until storm decay. This study’s results support the hypothesis that the LJ is a proxy for the storm’s kinematic and microphysical state rather than a coincidental value.