Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Life Models: Modeling and Statistical Analysis

Failure Time Distributions Introduction Parametric Classes of Failure Time Distributions Accelerated Life Models Introduction Generalized Sedyakin's Model Accelerated Failure Time Model Proportional Hazards Model Generalized Proportional Hazards Models Generalized Additive and Additive-Multiplicative Hazards Models Changing Shape and Scale Models Generalizations Models Including Switch-Up and Cycling Effects Heredity Hypothesis Summary Accelerated Degradation Models Introduction Degradation Models Modeling the Influence of Explanatory Variables on Degradation Modeling the Traumatic Event Process Maximum Likelihood Estimation for FTR Data Censored Failure Time Data Parametric Likelihood Function for Right Censored FTR Data Score Function Asymptotic Properties of the Maximum Likelihood Estimators Approximate Confidence Intervals Some Remarks on Semi-Parametric Estimation AFT Model: Parametric FTR and ALT Data Analysis Parametrization of the AFT Model Interpretation of the Regression Coefficients FTR Data Analysis: Scale-Shape Families of Distributions FTR Data Analysis: Generalized Weibull Distribution FTR Data Analysis: Exponential Distribution Plans of Experiments in Accelerated Life Testing Parametric Estimation in ALT Under the AFT Model AFT Models: Semi-Parametric FTR and AFT Data Analysis FTR Data Analysis Semi-Parametric Estimation in ALT PH Model: Semi-Parametric FTR Data Analysis Introduction Parametrization of the PH Model Interpretation of the Regression Coefficients Semi-Parametric FTR Data Analysis for the PH Model GPH Models: FTR Analysis Introduction Semi-Parametric FTR Data Analysis for the GPH1 Models Semi-Parametric FTR Data Analysis: Intersecting Hazards Changing Scale and Shape Model Parametric FTR Data Analysis Semi-Parametric FTR Data Analysis Semi-Parametric Estimation in ALT GAH and GAMH Model: Semi-Parametric FTR and ALT Data Analysis GAH Model GAMH Model AAR Model PPAR Model Estimation When a Process of Production in Unstable Application of the AFT Model Application of the GPH1 Model Goodness-of-Fit for Accelerated Life Models Goodness-of-Fit for the GS Model Goodness-of-Fit for the Model with Absence of Memory Goodness-of-Fit for the AFT Model Goodness-of-Fit for the PH Model Goodness-of-Fit for the GPH Models Goodness-of-Fit for the Parametric Regression Models Estimation in Degradation Models with Explanatory Variables Introduction Linear Path Models Gamma and Shock Processes Some Results from Stochastic Process Theory Stochastic Process. Filtration Counting Process Stochastic Integral Conditional Expectation Martingale Predictable Process and Doob-Meyer Decomposition Predictable Variation and Predictable Covariation Stochastic Integrals with Respect to Martingales Localization Stochastic Integrals with Respect to Martingales (continuation) Weak Convergence Central Limit Theorem for Martingales Non-Parametric Estimators of the Cumulative Hazard and the Survival Function Product-Integral Delta Method References
Growth Promotion of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seedlings Using Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Isolated from Northwest Ethiopia

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial soil microorganisms that colonize plant roots and enhance plant growth by a wide variety of mechanisms. In this work, five Bacillus and two Cyanobacteria isolates were successfully isolated and characterized. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of PGPR on the growth of three cultivars of rice seedlings. Pots were laid down in a complete random design and 100 ml of spore and Cyanobacteria suspension were poured on the soil surface surrounding each seedling. After 45 days, the seedlings were uprooted and shoot and root parameters were recorded. All the Bacillus and Cyanobacteria isolates showed positive effects on the growth of rice seedlings as compared to control; however, their effectiveness varies from isolate to isolate and also from cultivar to cultivar. Bacterial isolates B3 and B5 showed the highest mean value and statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05 ) in most of the root and shoot parameters of cultivars Jegna and Getachew, respectively, as compared to other bacterial isolates. Both cyanobacterial isolates showed the highest and statistically significant difference ( P < 0.01 ) in almost all the above ground and underground growth parameters compared to other bacterial isolates in all the three cultivars of rice. Similarly, C2 and C1 recorded the highest growth promotion efficacy of shoot and root length (50.07% and 78.27%) on Edget and Getachew cultivars, respectively. Hence, the present study suggests that the use of PGPR isolates such as B3, B5, C1, and C2 as inoculant biofertilizers might be beneficial for rice cultivation as they enhanced the growth of rice seedlings.
On causality violation in Lyra Geometry

In this paper, the causality issues are discussed in a non-Riemannian geometry, called Lyra geometry. It is a non-Riemannian geometry originated from Weyl geometry. In order to compare this geometry with the Riemannian geometry, the Einstein field equations are considered. It is verified that the Gödel and Gödel-type metric are consistent with this non-Riemannian geometry. A non-trivial solution for Gödel universe in the absence of matter sources is determined without analogue in general relativity. Different sources are considered and then different conditions for causal and non-causal solutions are discussed.
Global Feedback Regulation for a Class of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems via Integral Control: A Gain Control Technique

This article studies the global feedback regulation problems for triangular nonlinear systems perturbed by matched disturbances and modeling uncertainties with unknown system parameters. Instead of constructing extended state observers, new integral controllers composed of an integral dynamic are constructed to make all states of the uncertain systems bounded and asymptotically converge to zero. First, an integral dynamic is constructed and a new state transformation is introduced, which transforms the triangular nonlinear systems into a class of auxiliary intermediate systems. Second, by using the time-varying gain technique, designing regulating controllers for the auxiliary intermediate systems is converted into designing a dynamic parameter for a class of new systems. Third, with the help of the Lyapunov stability theorem and the characteristics of designed dynamic parameter, it is provided that the boundness of the new systems yields the regulation of the auxiliary intermediate systems, which further indicates the global feedback regulation of the considered systems. Two physical system examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.
Superradiant instability of massive vector fields around spinning black holes in the relativistic regime

We study the superradiant instability of massive vector fields, i.e. Proca fields, around spinning black holes in the test field limit. This is motivated by the possibility that observations of astrophysical black holes can probe the existence of ultralight bosons subject to this mechanism. By making use of time-domain simulations, we characterize the growth rate, frequency, spatial distribution, and other properties of the unstable modes, including in the regime where the black hole is rapidly spinning and the Compton wavelength of the Proca field is comparable to the black hole radius. We find that relativistic effects in this regime increase the range of Proca masses that are unstable, as well as the maximum instability rate. We also study the gravitational waves that can be sourced by such an instability, finding that they can be significantly stronger than in the massive scalar field case.
Journal Pre-proof BTK kinase activity is dispensable for the survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Inhibitors targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) have revolutionized the treatment for various B cell malignancies but are limited by acquired resistance after prolonged treatment as a result of mutations in BTK. Here, by a combination of structural modeling, in vitro assays, and deep phospho-tyrosine proteomics, we demonstrated that four clinically observed BTK mutations—C481F, C481Y, C481R, and L528W—inactivated BTK kinase activity both in vitro and in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. Paradoxically, we found that DLBCL cells harboring kinase-inactive BTK exhibited intact B cell receptor (BCR) signaling, unperturbed transcription, and optimal cellular growth. Moreover, we determined that DLBCL cells with kinase-inactive BTK remained addicted to BCR signaling and were thus sensitive to targeted BTK degradation by the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC). By performing parallel genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening in DLBCL cells with wild-type or kinase-inactive BTK, we discovered that DLBCL cells with kinase-inactive BTK displayed increased dependence on Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) for their growth and/or survival. Our study demonstrates that the kinase activity of BTK is not essential for oncogenic BCR signaling and suggests that BTK’s non-catalytic function is sufficient to sustain the survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
An evaluation of nitrification retardation property of Citrullus colosynthis cake and its influence on yield and N uptake by wheat.

Citrullus colosynthis oilcake was tested as nitrification retarder under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The same showed NH4-N conservation when applied at the rate of 5 and 10% by weight of urea. Higher rate (20%) of the cake resulted in NO2-N accumulation leading to lower N recovery by wheat (var. Kalyansona). The cake also proved a good source of nitrogen and was nearly 67 per cent as efficient as urea.
Quantum trajectories for a system interacting with environment in a single-photon state: Counting and diffusive processes

We derived quantum trajectories for a system interacting with the environment prepared in a continuous mode single photon state as the limit of discrete filtering model with an environment defined as series of independent qubits prepared initially in the entangled state being an analogue of a continuous mode state. The environment qubits interact with the quantum system and they are subsequently measured. The initial correlation between the bath qubits is the source of the non-Markovianity. The conditional evolutions of the quantum system for limit of the continuous in time observations together with the formulas for the photon counting probabilities are given.
Spectral Variability and Iron Line Emission in the ASCA Observations of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4051

We present the results of an extensive analysis of the ``ASCA'' AO2 observation of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC4051. The target exhibits broadband [0.5--10 keV] variability by a factor $\sim 8$ on time scales $\sim 10^4 s$, with a typical doubling time $\sim 500 s$. The spectrum is characterized by a strong emission excess over the extrapolated power law at energies $E \le 1 keV$. Absorption edges due to ionized oxygen species OVII and OVIII are detected together with an emission-like feature at $E \sim 0.93 keV$. The OVII edge undergoes significant variability on a timescale as low as $\sim 10^4 s$, whilst no contemporary variability of the OVIII feature is detected. Typical variability time scales place constraints on the location and the density of the absorbing matter. In the self-consistent hypothesis of a high energy ($E \ge 2.3 keV$) power law reflected by an infinite plane-parallel cold slab, a photon index change ($\Delta \Gamma = 0.4$) has also been observed; a natural explanation can be found in the framework of non-thermal Comptonization models. The iron line is redshifted (centroid energy $E \sim 6.1 keV$) and broad ($\sigma > 0.2 keV$); multicomponent structure is suggestive of emission from a relativistic accretion disk; however if the disk is not ionized a contribution by a molecular torus or an iron overabundance by a factor $\sim 1.5$ are required.
CMF models of hot star winds II. Reduction of O star wind mass-loss rates in global models

We calculate global (unified) wind models of main-sequence, giant, and supergiant O stars from our Galaxy. The models are calculated by solving hydrodynamic, kinetic equilibrium (also known as NLTE) and comoving-frame (CMF) radiative transfer equations from the (nearly) hydrostatic photosphere to the supersonic wind. For given stellar parameters, our models predict the photosphere and wind structure and in particular the wind mass-loss rates without any free parameters. Our predicted mass-loss rates are by a factor of 2--5 lower than the commonly used predictions. A possible cause of the difference is abandoning of the Sobolev approximation for the calculation of the radiative force, because our models agree with predictions of CMF NLTE radiative transfer codes. Our predicted mass-loss rates agree nicely with the mass-loss rates derived from observed near-infrared and X-ray line profiles and are slightly lower than mass-loss rates derived from combined UV and H$\alpha$ diagnostics. The empirical mass-loss rate estimates corrected for clumping may therefore be reconciled with theoretical predictions in such a way that the average ratio between individual mass-loss rate estimates is not higher than about $ 1.6 $. On the other hand, our predictions are by factor of $ 4.7 $ lower than pure H$\alpha$ mass-loss rate estimates and can be reconciled with these values only assuming a microclumping factor of at least eight.
Conservation of Tree Species Richness in a Traditional Agroforestry Landscape in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, South Africa

Tree species richness is a critical element concerning trees on farms, on communal land and in protected areas to support biodiversity and socio-economic livelihoods in traditional agroforestry landscapes. Tree species richness is directly linked to the use of provisioning ecosystem services and to management practices in traditional agroforestry landscapes. The study aimed to investigate the link between socio-ecological and conservation strategies regarding tree species richness in traditional agroforestry landscapes. The study was conducted in the Damani, Thenzheni, Tshiombo and Tshipako villages located in Thulamela Municipality of the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, South Africa. The data were collected using a mixed method approach combining forestry inventory and focus group discussion. The study recorded a total number of 126 tree species: 83 communal-land-hosted species, 68 species of trees on farms and 81 species in the protected areas. The indigenous species Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D. Penn. was the most cited (62%) by interviewees, with a primary use for wild fruits, followed by Pteleopsis myrtifolia (M.A. Lawson) Engl. & Diels. (57%) for fuelwood, Combretum molle R.Br. ex G.Don (36%) for traditional medicine and Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W.F. Wight (12%) for fodder. Species richness was found to be commonly driven by provisioning ecosystem services with trees on farms and on communal land. Distance was found to be major driving factor of species richness in protected areas. This study found that the local people have no conservation strategy and practices targeting the enhancement of tree species richness in the traditional agroforestry landscape. This study advocates for the establishment of a conservation strategic framework for restoring tree species richness by targeting traditional agroforestry landscapes.
Bat Use of Hollows in California’s Old-Growth Redwood Forests: From DNA to Ecology

Simple Summary The extent of the use of tree hollows by bats is relatively unknown. However, these are vital habitats for cavern-dwelling bats to use when seeking rest, protection, hibernation, or reproduction opportunities. We collected bat guano from nearly 200 tree hollows to determine which species were present, using genetic markers, and which habitat characteristics influenced roost use. Our results indicate a different species composition than previously known in redwood trees (Sequoia sempervirens) on the North Coast of California. Based on the quantity of guano collected, more bats roosted in hollows with high ceilings and in forests with fewer small trees. Researchers may use the techniques of guano collection and DNA analysis presented here for the management and conservation of bat populations. Abstract The loss of roosting resources, either through disturbance or removal, negatively affects bats. Identifying sensitive species and determining roost requirements are critical components in conserving their habitat. Cavity-roosting bats on the North Coast of California are known to use hollows in large redwood trees. In this study, we examined the factors determining the use of basal tree hollows by different bat species at eight redwood forest sites in Del Norte, Humboldt, and Mendocino Counties, California. Bat guano was collected from 179 basal hollow roosts from 2017 to 2018, and guano mass was used as an index of roosting activity. Nine bat species and one species group were identified by analysis of DNA in guano. We made a total of 253 identifications from 83 hollows into the 10 species categories. The most prevalent species were Myotis californicus (California myotis; 28.5% of all identifications), the Myotis evotis-Myotis thysanodes group (17.4%), Corynorhinus townsendii (17.0%), and Myotis volans (15.0%). We evaluated the extent to which habitat variables at the scales of the hollow, vicinity, and site influenced the level of roost use. The correlations between guano mass and habitat variables were examined using generalized additive mixed models. At the hollow scale, guano mass increased with ceiling height above the opening. At the vicinity scale, guano mass increased with less cover of small trees. At the site scale, there was no association between guano mass and distance to foraging areas, elevation, or the number of nearby hollows. These tree hollow roost preferences can inform land managers when planning the management and conservation of redwood forests.
Differential Expression and Bioinformatics Analysis of Plasma-Derived Exosomal circRNA in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Backgrounds Both exosome and circular RNA (circRNA) have been reported to participate in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the exact role of exosomal circRNA in T1DM is largely unknown. Here, we identified the exosomal circRNA expression profiles in the plasma of T1DM patients and explored their potential function using bioinformatics analysis. Material and Methods. Exosomes were extracted by the size exclusion chromatography method from plasma of 10 T1DM patients and 10 age- and sex- matched control subjects. Illumina Novaseq6000 platform was used to detect the exosomal circRNA expression profiles. Multiple bioinformatics analysis was applied to investigate the potential biological functions of exosomal circRNAs. Results A total of 784 differentially expressed exosomal circRNAs have been identified in T1DM patients, of which 528 were upregulated and 256 were downregulated. Gene Ontology analysis enriched terms such as protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic protein (GO:0042787), membrane (GO:0016020), and GTPase activator activity (GO:0005096). The most enriched pathway in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes was ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis (ko04120). The miRNA-targeting prediction method was used to identify the miRNAs that bind to circRNAs, and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA pathways were constructed, indicating that interactions between circRNA, miRNA, and gene might be involved in the disease progression. Conclusions The present study identified the exosomal circRNA expression profiles in T1DM for the first time. Our results threw novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of T1DM.
The Health and Well-being Impacts of Community Shared Meal Programs for Older Populations: A Scoping Review

Abstract Background and Objectives There are social and economic benefits to supporting individuals to live independently for as long as possible. Structured shared meal programs provide opportunities for older individuals to connect in their communities and likely impact their health and well-being. Research in this area has not been summarized in recent years. This scoping review was undertaken to explore the impact shared meal programs may have for older community-dwelling adults. Research Design and Methods Nine databases were systematically searched in 2020, and 5,996 unique studies were identified. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full text for inclusion. Reference lists of included papers were hand searched, and the search was updated in 2021. Eighteen studies were included in the final review. Results Studies were published between 1980 and 2021 and most were published in the United States. Most studies were cross-sectional, two adopted a qualitative design, one a cohort design. Significant associations were reported between shared meal programs and improved dietary intake; however, minimal improvements were reported for physical health measures. The programs had a positive impact on attendees’ social networks and perceived well-being. Discussion and Implications Structured shared meal programs show promise in supporting the health and well-being of older adults in the community. They provide additional nutrition, opportunities for social connection, and are perceived to contribute to perceived well-being. More investigation is required to understand how these programs work to facilitate health and well-being, and how they can best be used to improve health outcomes for older populations.
Building Eurostat Knowledge Graph

: The evolution of Knowledge Graphs (KGs) has encouraged developers to create more and more context related KGs. This advance is extremely important because Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications can access domain specific information in a machine understandable format. In this paper, we present the conceptual model and semantics of the OWL ontology developed to capture information about the Eurostat website. The KG also contains some knowledge from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) website. We also describe how we constructed the ontology schema in order to capture all the data in Eurostat and some of the data in OECD, such as, articles, datasets, and internal connections between them, among others. Moreover, we show how we populated the KG with an automated process, resulting into a KG with more than 820K triples.