Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
If you build it, will they come? Insect community responses to habitat establishment at solar energy facilities in Minnesota, USA

Global declines in insect populations have important implications for biodiversity and food security. To offset these declines, habitat restoration and enhancement in agricultural landscapes could mutually safeguard insect populations and their pollination services for crop production. The expansion of utility-scale solar energy development in agricultural landscapes presents an opportunity for the dual use of the land for energy production and biodiversity conservation through the establishment of grasses and forbs planted among and between the photovoltaic solar arrays (‘solar-pollinator habitat’). We conducted a longitudinal field study across 5 years (2018–2022) to understand how insect communities responded to newly established habitat on solar energy facilities in agricultural landscapes by evaluating (1) temporal changes in flowering plant abundance and diversity; (2) temporal changes in insect abundance and diversity; and (3) the pollination services of solar-pollinator habitat by comparing pollinator visitation to agricultural fields near solar-pollinator habitat with other agricultural field locations. We found increases over time for all habitat and biodiversity metrics: floral rank, flowering plant species richness, insect group diversity, native bee abundance, and total insect abundance, with the most noticeable temporal increases in native bee abundance. We also found positive effects of proximity to solar-pollinator habitat on bee visitation to nearby soybean (Glycine max) fields. Bee visitation to soybean flowers adjacent to solar-pollinator habitat were comparable to bee visitation to soybeans adjacent to grassland areas enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program, and greater than bee visitation to soybean field interior and roadside soybean flowers. Our observations highlight the relatively rapid (<4 year) insect community responses to grassland restoration activities and provide support for solar-pollinator habitat as a feasible conservation practice to safeguard biodiversity and increase food security in agricultural landscapes.
Seasonal forecasting of river flows : a review of the state-of-the-art

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in seasonal forecasting of river flows. Most previous studies have used statistical methods, which have been shown to be more reliable than dynamical approaches. However, empirical techniques have limitations; and successful applications of downscaled GCM data show that this approach may also have potential for seasonal forecasting of hydrology.
H2O and Cl in deep crustal melts: the message of melt inclusions in metamorphic rocks

Abstract. The use of NanoSIMS on primary melt inclusions in partially melted rocks is a powerful approach to clarify the budget of volatiles at depth during crust formation and its reworking. Anatectic melt inclusions are indeed gateways to quantify H2O, halogens and other species (e.g. CO2, N) partitioned into the deep partial melts generated during metamorphism of the continental crust. Here we present new datasets of NanoSIMS measurements of H2O and Cl in preserved melt inclusions from metamorphic rocks with different protoliths – magmatic or sedimentary – which underwent partial melting at different pressure–temperature–fluid conditions. These new datasets are then compared with similar data on natural anatectic melts available in the literature to date. Our study provides novel, precise constraints for the H2O content in natural melts formed at high pressure, a field previously investigated mostly via experiments. We also show that H2O heterogeneities in partial melts at the microscale are common, regardless of the rock protolith. Correlations between H2O contents and P–T values can be identified merging new and old data on anatectic inclusions via NanoSIMS. Overall, the data acquired so far indicate that silicate melt generation in nature always requires H2O, even for the hottest melts found so far (>1000 ∘C). Moreover, in agreement with previous work, preserved glassy inclusions always appear to be poorer in H2O than crystallized ones, regardless of their chemical system and/or P–T conditions of formation. Finally, this study reports the very first NanoSIMS data on Cl (often in amounts >1000 ppm) acquired in situ on natural anatectic melts, showing how anatectic melt inclusions – additionally to magmatic ones – may become a powerful tool to clarify the role of halogens in many geological processes, not only in crustal evolution but also in ore deposit formation.
Cognitive Models as Simulators: Using Cognitive Models to Tap into Implicit Human Feedback

In this work, we substantiate the idea of cognitive models as simulators , which is to have AI systems interact with, and collect feedback from, cognitive models instead of humans, thereby making the training process safer, cheaper, and faster. We leverage this idea in the context of learning a fair behavior toward a counterpart exhibiting various emotional states — as implicit human feedback. As a case study, we adopt the Ultima-tum game (UG), a canonical task in behavioral and brain sciences for studying fairness. We show that our reinforcement learning (RL) agents learn to exhibit differential, rationally-justified behaviors under various emotional states of their UG counterpart. We discuss the implications of our work for AI and cognitive science research, and its potential for interactive learning with implicit human feedback.
Evaluation of Association between Maxillary Posterior Teeth Periapical Pathologies and Maxillary Sinus Mucosal Changes—A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study

Abstract Introduction Odontogenic infections are one of the common causes of maxillary sinusitis. With the close proximity of the roots of maxillary posterior teeth to the sinus floor, the infection may spread into the sinus causing sinus mucosal thickening. This study aims to evaluate the association between maxillary posterior teeth periapical pathologies and maxillary sinus mucosal changes using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods One-hundred six maxillary posterior teeth with periapical lesions were included in this study and were assessed using CBCT images by two maxillofacial radiologists. The proximity of the roots to the sinus floor, the proximity of the top edge of the periapical lesion to the sinus floor, and the sinus mucosal changes associated with the periapical lesions were studied. The size of the periapical lesion was measured and scored using CBCT periapical index. Mucosal thickening more than 2 mm was considered pathological and the type, pattern, and severity of mucosal thickening were assessed. Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests at a level of significance set at p -value less than 0.05. Results Among the 106 teeth with periapical lesions, 99 teeth (93.4%) revealed the presence of maxillary sinus mucosal thickening. The prevalence of mucosal thickening increased significantly with the presence of cortical bone destruction, the close proximity of the root, and the periapical lesion to the sinus floor. The generalized type of mucosal thickening was more prevalent with larger periapical lesions and a significant increase in the severity of the thickening was observed closer spatial relationship of the root to the sinus floor. Conclusion Periapical pathologies of maxillary posterior teeth often cause sinus mucosal thickening. The early diagnosis and management of these pathologies will be helpful in preventing the spread of infection into the maxillary sinus.
National Danish surveillance of invasive clinical Haemophilus influenzae isolates and their resistance profile

Introduction This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, serotype distribution, phenotypical antibiogram, and molecular resistance gene characteristics of invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections in Denmark from 2014 to 2022. Additionally, the potential impact of outdoor temperature and COVID-19 restrictions on the epidemiology of H. influenzae was assessed. Materials and methods Invasive H. influenzae isolates were received from patients with positive culture results from cerebrospinal fluid, blood, or other sterile sites. Sample data were obtained from the Danish laboratory surveillance system/MiBa database, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on the isolates. The incidence rates and distribution of H. influenzae cases were analyzed, and antibiotic susceptibility were assessed. Results A total of 1,007 invasive H. influenzae cases were identified, with serotyping conducted for 752 (74.7%) isolates. The median incidence per year of H. influenzae was 2.0 cases per 100,000, with the highest incidence in 2014 and the lowest in 2020. The majority of H. influenzae isolates were non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi), while the most prominent serotypes were serotype f followed by serotype b. Bacteremia cases accounted for the majority (88.6%) of occurrences, although meningitis cases showed an increasing trend during the time period. The age group 85+ exhibited the highest incidence. The implementation of COVID-19 preventive interventions in 2020 resulted in a significant reduction in H. influenzae incidence, which returned to pre-COVID levels in 2021. A negative correlation was observed between monthly H. influenzae cases and outdoor temperature. An overall level of genetic beta-lactamase resistance of 26.3% was observed divided into 10.6% beta-lactamase-positive ampicillin-resistant (gBLPAR), 13.6% beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (gBLNAR) and 2.1% beta-lactamase-positive amoxicillin clavulanate-resistant (gBLPACR). Other non-beta-lactam resistance traits were detected in 7.6% of isolates (primarily aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes). Conclusion The overall incidence of H. influenzae in Denmark returned to stable levels after the COVID-19 epidemic, with NTHi strains dominating. The COVID-19 preventive interventions led to a major reduction in incidence. A significant negative correlation between the incidence of H. influenzae and temperature was observed. The study revealed an overall genetic beta-lactam resistance rate of 26.3%, and the concordance between genotypic and phenotypic beta-lactam resistance was high (98.2%).
Local field potentials and single unit dynamics in motor cortex of unconstrained macaques during different behavioral states

Different sleep stages have been shown to be vital for a variety of brain functions, including learning, memory, and skill consolidation. However, our understanding of neural dynamics during sleep and the role of prominent LFP frequency bands remain incomplete. To elucidate such dynamics and differences between behavioral states we collected multichannel LFP and spike data in primary motor cortex of unconstrained macaques for up to 24 h using a head-fixed brain-computer interface (Neurochip3). Each 8-s bin of time was classified into awake-moving (Move), awake-resting (Rest), REM sleep (REM), or non-REM sleep (NREM) by using dimensionality reduction and clustering on the average spectral density and the acceleration of the head. LFP power showed high delta during NREM, high theta during REM, and high beta when the animal was awake. Cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling typically showed higher coupling during NREM between all pairs of frequency bands. Two notable exceptions were high delta-high gamma and theta-high gamma coupling during Move, and high theta-beta coupling during REM. Single units showed decreased firing rate during NREM, though with increased short ISIs compared to other states. Spike-LFP synchrony showed high delta synchrony during Move, and higher coupling with all other frequency bands during NREM. These results altogether reveal potential roles and functions of different LFP bands that have previously been unexplored.
Association Between Weight Change During Adulthood and Chronic Kidney Disease: Results from a National Survey 2011–2018

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the intricate relationship between weight change patterns and the onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although obesity is recognized as a predisposing factor for CKD, the dynamics of weight fluctuation and its impact on CKD development are not well-defined. By analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2011 to 2018, we sought to elucidate the association between weight trajectories and CKD risk. Patients and Methods We included participants aged ≥40 years, employing body mass index (BMI) measurements at three life stages—baseline, age 25, and a decade preceding baseline—to categorize weight change patterns. Logistic regression was employed to evaluate the association of these patterns with CKD onset, adjusting for potential confounders. Results The study encompassed 12,284 participants, with 2893 individuals diagnosed with CKD. Transitioning from normal weight to obesity and staying obese throughout adulthood were found to increase the risk of developing CKD. These associations remained consistent after adjusting for covariates but were statistically insignificant after adjusting for comorbidities. Notably, individuals transitioning from obesity to normal weight from age 25 to baseline and from 10 years before baseline to baseline demonstrated significant correlations with CKD but not between age 25 and 10 years before baseline. Conclusion Obesity, weight gain throughout adulthood, and weight loss in middle-to-late adulthood are associated with an increased risk of CKD. This emphasizes the importance of long-term weight change patterns and maintaining a healthy weight throughout adulthood.
Prevalence and genetic diversity of rotavirus in Bangladesh during pre-vaccination period, 1973-2023: a meta-analysis

Introduction Rotavirus infection is a major cause of mortality among children under 5 years in Bangladesh. There is lack of integrated studies on rotavirus prevalence and genetic diversity during 1973 to 2023 in Bangladesh. Methods This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence, genotypic diversity and seasonal distribution of rotavirus during pre-vaccination period in Bangladesh. This study included published articles on rotavirus A, rotavirus B and rotavirus C. We used Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar for published articles. Selected literatures were published between 1973 to 2023. Results This study detected 12431 research articles published on rotavirus. Based on the inclusion criteria, 29 of 75 (30.2%) studies were selected. Molecular epidemiological data was taken from 29 articles, prevalence data from 29 articles, and clinical symptoms from 19 articles. The pooled prevalence of rotavirus was 30.1% (95% CI: 22%-45%, p = 0.005). Rotavirus G1 (27.1%, 2228 of 8219) was the most prevalent followed by G2 (21.09%, 1733 of 8219), G4 (11.58%, 952 of 8219), G9 (9.37%, 770 of 8219), G12 (8.48%, 697 of 8219), and G3 (2.79%, 229 of 8219), respectively. Genotype P[8] (40.6%, 2548 of 6274) was the most prevalent followed by P[4] (12.4%, 777 of 6274) and P[6] (6.4%, 400 of 6274), respectively. Rotavirus G1P[8] (19%) was the most frequent followed by G2P [4] (9.4%), G12P[8] (7.2%), and G9P[8], respectively. Rotavirus infection had higher odds of occurrence during December and February (aOR: 2.86, 95% CI: 2.43-3.6, p = 0.001). Discussion This is the first meta-analysis including all the studies on prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and genetic diversity of rotavirus from 1973 to 2023, pre-vaccination period in Bangladesh. This study will provide overall scenario of rotavirus genetic diversity and seasonality during pre-vaccination period and aids in policy making for rotavirus vaccination program in Bangladesh. This work will add valuable knowledge for vaccination against rotavirus and compare the data after starting vaccination in Bangladesh.
Downregulated GPD1 and MAGL protein levels as potential biomarkers for the metastasis of triple‑negative breast tumors to axillary lymph nodes.

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) levels are known to be significantly downregulated in both the tissue and serum samples of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), compared with other BC subtypes and healthy controls. As such, the association between GPD1 and MAGL levels and lymph node metastasis was evaluated in the present study. Utilizing western blotting, lymph node protein extracts from metastasized BC subtypes were analyzed and a significant downregulation of GPD1 and MAGL protein expression levels in the lymph node metastases was demonstrated in the TNBC subtype, compared with healthy controls. This finding further highlighted the potential use of these two proteins in early BC onset and metastasis detection.
SHORT NOTE (NOTA CORTA) INFLUENCE OF SEASON AND MANAGEMENT ON COMPOSITION OF RAW CAMEL (Camelus dromedarius) MILK IN KHARTOUM STATE, SUDAN (INFLUENCIA DE LA ESTACIÓN Y MANEJO SOBRE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA LECHE DE CAMELLO (Camelus dromedarius) EN KHARTOUM, SUDAN)

SUMMARY The influence of seasons (winter and summer) on chemical composition of raw camel milk within two management systems in two different locations around Khartoum State, Sudan was investigated. Camel milk samples (n=112) were collected from Eastern Nile (semi-intensive system) and Western Omdurman (traditional system) using the same procedure for milk sampling. The two locations were approximately of 100 Km distance apart. Titratable acidity and major components of milk were determined. Total solids, lactose and titratable acidity were higher in Eastern Nile samples (P≤0.05), while fat was higher in Western Omdurman (P≤0.01). Non-significant differences were obtained between locations in ash and protein content. Summer samples revealed significantly higher protein content and titratable acidity in Eastern Nile, whereas in winter all components were higher than those examined in summer in both locations. The high water content in summer samples negatively affected camel milk components compared to winter samples. The influence of season was higher than that reported for management. Feeding of high energy diets and protein concentrates has effect of negative value on fat content and positive value on protein content of camel milk, respectively.
Impact of rising seawater temperature on a phagocytic cell population during V. parahaemolyticus infection in the sea anemone E. pallida

Climate change is increasing ocean temperatures and consequently impacts marine life (e.g., bacterial communities). In this context, studying host–pathogen interactions in marine organisms is becoming increasingly important, not only for ecological conservation, but also to reduce economic loss due to mass mortalities in cultured species. In this study, we used Exaiptasia pallida (E. pallida), an anemone, as an emerging marine model to better understand the effect of rising temperatures on the infection induced by the pathogenic marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The effect of temperature on E. pallida was examined at 6, 24, or 30 h after bath inoculation with 108 CFU of V. parahaemolyticus expressing GFP (Vp-GFP) at 27°C (husbandry temperature) or 31°C (heat stress). Morphological observations of E. pallida and their Hsps expression demonstrated heat stress induced increasing damage to anemones. The kinetics of the infections revealed that Vp-GFP were localized on the surface of the ectoderm and in the mucus during the first hours of infection and in the mesenterial filaments thereafter. To better identify the E. pallida cells targeted by Vp-GFP infection, we used spectral flow cytometry. E. pallida cell types were identified based on their autofluorescent properties. corresponding to different cell types (algae and cnidocytes). We identified an AF10 population whose autofluorescent spectrum was identical to that of human monocytes/macrophage, suggesting that this spectral print could be the hallmark of phagocytic cells called “amebocytes’’. AF10 autofluorescent cells had a high capacity to phagocytize Vp-GFP, suggesting their possible role in fighting infection. This was confirmed by microscopy using sorted AF10 and GFP-positive cells (AF10+/GFP+). The number of AF10+/GFP+ cells were reduced at 31°C, demonstrating that increased temperature not only damages tissue but also affects the immune response of E. pallida. In conclusion, our study provides a springboard for more comprehensive studies of immune defense in marine organisms and paves the way for future studies of the dynamics, activation patterns, and functional responses of immune cells when encountering pathogens.
Factors Contributing to the Comprehensive Use of Food Labels in Jordan

Food labels are low-cost, informational tools that can help curb the spread of diet-related non-communicable diseases. This study described consumers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to food labels in Jordan and explored the relationship between knowledge and attitude with comprehensive use of food labels. A cross-sectional, online survey assessed Jordanian adult consumers’ ability to comprehend the nutritional contents of food labels (knowledge score), their attitudes towards food labels (attitude scale), and how frequently they used different parts of food labels (practice scale). Multivariate logistic regression models assessed predictors of comprehensive use of food labels. A total of 939 adults participated in the study. Total mean scores for the practice scale (14 questions), attitude scale (8 questions), and knowledge score (4 questions) were 49.50 (SD, 11.36; min, 5; max, 70), 29.70 (SD, 5.23; min, 5; max, 40), and 1.39 (SD, 1.33; min, 0; max, 4), respectively. Comprehensive users of food labels (26.4%) were more likely female, responsible for grocery shopping, and had higher mean knowledge and attitude scores. Jordanian consumers seem to have good practices and attitudes related to food label use but suboptimal knowledge regarding content. Future interventions should focus more on enhancing knowledge and awareness related to food labels.
Entropy Production in a Fractal System with Diffusive Dynamics

We study the entropy production in a fractal system composed of two subsystems, each of which is subjected to an external force. This is achieved by using the H-theorem on the nonlinear Fokker–Planck equations (NFEs) characterizing the diffusing dynamics of each subsystem. In particular, we write a general NFE in terms of Hausdorff derivatives to take into account the metric of each system. We have also investigated some solutions from the analytical and numerical point of view. We demonstrate that each subsystem affects the total entropy and how the diffusive process is anomalous when the fractal nature of the system is considered.