Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of serum uric acid in hospitalized adolescents and adults with acute asthma

Background: High serum uric acid (sUA) is an indicator of oxidative stress and is linked to tissue hypoxia in asthma. The objective of this case series was to investigate the prognostic role of sUA in patients with acute asthma exacerbations and the link between sUA and spirometric lung tests. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 120 patients with acute asthma exacerbations and 120 controls, categorized according to peak expiratory flow rate into moderate, and severe and life-threatening asthma. On admission, a detailed history was obtained and investigations were carried out regarding oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ), arterial blood gas, spirometry, sUA, number of asthma exacerbations, smoking status, history of previous hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and mechanical ventilation. Results: The current study revealed higher sUA in asthmatic patients compared with healthy subjects and in severe asthma patients compared with moderate asthma patients ( P , 0.001). A positive correlation of sUA with asthma severity, number of asthma exacerbations and smoking index ( r = 0.6, 0.42 and 0.29, respectively, P , 0.001) and a negative correlation of sUA with SaO 2 , partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2 ), percent predicted forced vital capacity, percent predicted forced expiratory volume (FEV%) and peak expiratory flow rate percent of predicted (PEFR%; r =- 0.48, - 0.29, - 0.44, - 0.44 and - 0.66, respectively, P , 0.001) were observed. Degree of asthma severity, number of asthma exacerbations, and smoking index were significant predictors of high sUA ( R 2 = 0.43, P , 0.001) in multiple linear regression model 1. SaO 2 and PEFR% were significant predictors of high uric acid ( R 2 = 0.50, P , 0.001) in model 2. The sensitivity and specificity of sUA in predicting severity of asthma at the cutoff point of 6.3 mg/dL were 80% and 90%, respectively. The odds ratios of sUA, number of asthma exacerbations, and asthma duration were 5.4, 1.95 and 1.3, respectively. Conclusion: sUA may be a useful marker of predictive value of severity of asthma exacerbations.
FairXAI - A Taxonomy and Framework for Fairness and Explainability Synergy in Machine Learning

Explainable Artiﬁcial Intelligence (XAI) and Fair Learning have made signiﬁcant strides in various application domains, including criminal recidivism predictions, healthcare settings, toxic comment detection, automatic speech detection, recommendation systems, and image segmentation. However, these two ﬁelds have largely evolved independently. Recent studies have demonstrated that incorporating explanations into decision-making processes enhances the transparency and trustworthiness of AI systems. In light of this, our objective is to conduct a systematic review of FairXAI, which explores the interplay between fairness and explainability frameworks. To commence, we propose a taxonomy of FairXAI that utilizes XAI as a means to both mitigate and evaluate bias. This taxonomy will serve as a base for machine learning researchers operating in diverse domains. Additionally, we will undertake an extensive review of existing articles, taking into account factors such as the purpose of the interaction, target audience, and domain and context. Moreover, we outline an interaction framework for FairXAI considering various fairness perceptions and propose a FairXAI wheel that encompasses four core properties that must be veriﬁed and evaluated. This will serve as a practical tool for researchers and practitioners, ensuring the fairness and transparency of their AI systems. Furthermore, we will identify challenges and conﬂicts in the interactions between fairness and explainability, which could potentially pave the way for enhancing the responsibility of AI systems. As the inaugural review of its kind, we hope that this survey will inspire scholars to address these challenges by scrutinizing current research in their respective domains.
Drivers and deterrents of music streaming services purchase intention

Generalised access to online content, with no transfer of ownership, revolutionised consumer behaviour. The music industry is a paradigmatic example: physical product sales decreased and even online music stores are increasingly threatened by the rise of on-demand music streaming services (MSS). However, MSS find it difficult to persuade users to opt for the premium version. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess what drives (deters) users' intention to purchase MSS, as well as to examine the role of gender and age. Based on data collected from 318 MSS users, the study shows that both perceived value and perceived fee are significant predictors of MSS purchase intention, with the negative impact of the latter surpassing the positive one of the former, while the moderating effect of age and gender was supported. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of MSS purchase intention, and offers important insights to MSS providers.
The Inﬂuence of Testing Conditions on State of Health Estimations of Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Batteries Using an Incremental Capacity Analysis

: The increasing growth of the second-hand electric vehicle market demands reliable methods for evaluating the state of health of deployed electric vehicle batteries. Among these methods, incremental capacity analysis is a commonly used technique for state of health evaluation via the quantiﬁcation of degradation modes. While the optimal conditions for its application typically involve low currents and a controlled temperature, this cannot be easily applied to deployed batteries. It is therefore essential to understand the impact of varying charging rates and temperatures on the accuracy of the analysis. In this study, the characteristics and behavior of incremental capacity features for seven electric vehicle batteries tested under different calendar aging conditions were investigated. The results show that accurate state of health estimations under different test conditions could be obtained using speciﬁc electrochemical features.
The Splitting Field of Y n − 2 , Two-Variable NTT and Lattice-Based Cryptography

The splitting ﬁeld F of the polynomial Y n − 2 is an extension over Q generated by ζ n = exp(2 π √− 1 /n ) and n √ 2. In this paper, we lay the foundation for applying the Order-LWE in the integral ring R = Z [ ζ n , n √ 2] to cryptographic uses when n is a power-of-two integer. We explicitly compute the Galois group Gal ( F/ Q ) and the canonical embedding of F , based on which we study the properties of the trace pairings of the integral basis ζ k 0 n n √ 2 k 1 . Then we discuss the security of the Order-LWE in R , and show that it oﬀers the same security level as the RLWE in Z [ X ] / (cid:104) X n 2 / 4 +1 (cid:105) . Moreover, we design a Two-Variable Number Theoretic Transform (2NTT) algorithm for the quotient R p = R /p R , where p is a prime number such that Y n ≡ 2 mod p has n distinct solutions. Compared to the one-variable NTT in Z [ X ] / (cid:104) X n 2 / 4 + 1 (cid:105) , a crucial advantage of 2NTT is that it enjoys a quadratic saving of twiddle factors. Hence, we can leverage this quadratic saving to boost the performance of 2NTT in practical implementations. At last, we also look at the applications of the Order-LWE in R . In particular, we construct a new variant of CKKS for R and study its new properties.
DigitalCommons@UNO DigitalCommons@UNO

News outlets, sports coverage, and even Hollywood movies have highlighted the growing body of research documenting the long-term negative consequences of traumatic injury in athletics, particularly, (sports-related) concussions. Despite so much media coverage, little is known about how much attention members of the American public pay to sports concussion news. Disparities in attention to concussion news among sociodemographic groups may contribute to further inequalities in rates of concussions that stem from participation in collision sports. In this study, using a 2017 nationally representative survey of US residents ( n = 964), we examine the social, political, and demographic correlates of individuals’ attention to news about concussions in sports. Regression results indicate that older, more educated, Democratic-leaning respondents reported that they pay more attention to news about concussions. Additionally, respondents with a greater past competitive athletic participation and those who regularly watch baseball and football reported higher levels of attention to concussion news. These ﬁndings are consistent with previous research showing higher levels of news consumption and trust in science among the highly educated and Democrats. The increased levels among football viewers may be in response to the inclusion of concussion news in game coverage.
CONTEXT-DEPENDENT SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN GOLD DUST DAY GECKOS

Non-avian reptiles can exhibit complex social behaviors, but they are vastly understudied relative to birds and mammals. Social behaviors relay information between individuals about each other and are important for mating, territory, predator altering, and the individual’s overall fitness. The gold dust day gecko was introduced to the Hawaiian Islands in the 1970’s. Little is known about their reproductive/social behavior, in their native or introduced range, and how this may affect their ability to thrive as an invasive species. Their introduction provides an opportunity to study their social behaviors. I used focal observations of lizards in experimental enclosures to develop an ethogram and determine whether the types and frequencies of behaviors varies during intraspecific pairwise interactions depending on the sexes of the interactors. Out of an initial set of 141 videos focused on a single lizard, the most common interaction observed was between females and males (n = 24 of videos), while only 4 included male-male interactions (M-M) and only 1 was of a female-female interaction. Despite having few observations, I consistently observed that in M-M interactions one individual was the aggressor, and this did not depend on the size of the individuals interacting. Most F-M and all M-M interactions occurred during the summer. In F-M interactions I identified behaviors that were exhibited more by one sex. Males performed bodyglide, parallel stance, head bob, and stalked more while females did tailwag and moved more. The fact that behavioral frequencies differ among the sexes when interacting suggests that these behaviors may play an important role in courtship. Future studies that address the potential role for these behaviors in individual identification or assessment of individual quality are warranted, and additional effort is needed to observe M-M and F-F interactions.
Design recommendations for socially assistive robots for health and social care based on a large scale analysis of stakeholder positions

Robots that interact with people in health and care settings may have an important role in improving wellbeing. Detailed studies with end-users should inform SAR design for specific settings, however policy makers and robot developers must also share understanding of suitable design, for robots to be developed appropriate for health and care contexts. We gave live demonstrations of two robot animals (Paro and Miro), a humanoid (Pepper) and telepresence robot (Padbot) at eight events with 223 health and social care professionals, service users and small companies. Interactions with the robots were video recorded and used to assess their acceptability. Participants saw potential for robot use but identified practical concerns. These were: (i) improved mobility for uneven floors and carpets, (ii) improved voice recognition and accent interpretation, (iii) better ease of use (mainly Pepper), (iv) enhanced robustness and battery life/autonomous charging, (v) soft, friendly aesthetics, (vi) anthropomorphic or biomorphic design (non-robotic) for friendliness and social presence, (vii) androgynous appearance.
Development of a Novel Biocatalytic Cascade for the Valorisation of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural A Preliminary Study

The imminent shortage of fossil resources coupled with their associated environmental hazards stresses the need for the development of alternative, more sustainable chemicals. In this study an enzymatic cascade was developed for the valorisation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) into 5-(aminomethyl)- 2-furfuraldehyde (AMFA). The cascade involves the transamination of HMF into 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfurylamine (HMFA) followed by the oxidation of HMFA into AMFA. Transaminases from Silicibacter pomeroyi (SpATA) was immobilised via his6-tags onto EziG-protein carriers from EnginZyme AB. The protein carriers were placed in spin-columns during the transamination which allowed for salvaging of the SpATA after the transamination of HMF. For the oxidation, alcohol dehydrogenases from Thermoanaerobacter brockii and horse liver as well as galactose oxidase from Dactylium dendroides (GOase) were evaluated. The conversion and product formation were analysed by HPLC. The results indicate that the SpATA efficiently catalyses the transamination of HMF, that the alcohol dehydrogenases are not able to catalyse the oxidation of HMF nor HMFA and that the GOase can oxidize HMFA with high conversion which leads us to believe that the proposed cascade for the valorisation of HMF to AMFA is feasible.
The Andes through time: evolution and distribution of Andean floras

The Andes are the world's most biodiverse mountain chain, encompassing a complex array of ecosystems from tropical rainforests to alpine habitats. We provide a synthesis of Andean vascular plant diversity by estimating a list of all species with publicly available records, which we integrate with a phylogenetic dataset of 14 501 Neotropical plant species in 194 clades. We ﬁ nd that (i) the An-dean ﬂ ora comprises at least 28 691 georeferenced species documented to date, (ii) Northern Andean mid-elevation cloud forests are the most species-rich An-dean ecosystems, (iii) the Andes are a key source and sink of Neotropical plant diversity, and (iv) the Andes, Amazonia, and other Neotropical biomes have had a considerable amount of biotic interchange through time.
Factors Related to the Application of Perianesthesia Education in Indonesia

Health education or perianesthesia health education for patients who will perform anesthesia is very important to provide information on how they should prepare before and after the anesthesia procedure. Perianesthesia health education contains matters related to anesthesia actions from pre, intra, to post-anesthesia and will affect patient readiness in facing post-anesthesia conditions. Perianesthesia health education has not been carried out optimally due to various factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the provision of perianesthesia education in Indonesia. The design of this study was cross-sectional. The population taken is anesthesiologists throughout Indonesia. The data analysis used is a multivariate binary logistic regression test. The results of the analysis found that most anesthesiologists had a high implementation of perianesthesia education (59.8%). Interpersonal relationships (adj. OR: 2.81) and social support (adj. OR: 2.30) were significantly associated with perianesthesia education. Further research still needs to be done with longitudinal research methods or in the long term and continuously can be done so that the results of the study are always by changes that may occur.
Profiling Needs of X Private University's Students in Jakarta Using McClelland's Theory Approach

Most students want a job after college, and the desire arises from the needs that move humans to do something. This study uses the quantitative-descriptive method to determine the need profile based on McClelland’s Theory in X Private University’s students in Jakarta. Participants in this study (N=139) were students aged 18-41 years and spread across 12 study programs. The data obtained is analysed using compare means technique to see the average needs based on groups of respondents. The results show that overall, the profile of the needs found was dominated in order by need for affiliation, need for achievement, and need for power. This finding can use to make an appropriate intervention according to the dominance of needs in students to increase student motivation in exploring their abilities.
Research Online Research Online Simulation ballasted track behavior: numerical treatment and field Simulation ballasted track behavior: numerical treatment and field application application

Abstract The load deformation of ballasted rail tracks subjected to cyclic loading is investigated experimentally using a large-scale track process simulation apparatus and numerically through a combined discrete element-finite-difference approach. Laboratory tests were performed to examine the deformation and degradation of ballast subjected to cyclic loading at 15 Hz and a lateral confinement of 10 kPa 10 kPa. The laboratory results reveal that ballast undergoes significant deformation during the initial load cycles, followed by gradually increasing deformation attaining a steady value toward the end of testing. A numerical model based on a combined discrete element method (DEM) and finite-difference method (FDM) is introduced to study the load-deformation response of the ballast assembly while considering interaction between the ballast aggregates and the subgrade layer. In this coupled model, the discrete ballast grains are modeled by DEM, and the subgrade domain is modeled as a continuum by FDM. Interface elements are introduced to transmit the interacting forces and displacements between adjoining material domains in which the DEM transfers contact forces to the FDM, and then the FDM updates the displacements, which provides subsequent input into the DEM. This computational cycle continues with the increasing number of loading cycles. The numerical model is validated by comparing the predicted cyclic load-deformation response with the laboratory measurements. Contact force distributions and stress contours in the assembly are analyzed and presented graphically to interpret the behavior of the model track, and the effects that subgrade stiffness have on the axial strain and bond breakage of the ballast are investigated. This combined DEM-FDM analysis is also used to analyze the load deformation of an instrumented track in the town of Singleton, Australia, and the numerical predictions are compared with the field data. ABSTRACT The load-deformation of ballasted rail tracks subjected to cyclic loading is investigated 58 experimentally using a large-scale track process simulation apparatus, and numerically through a 59 combined discrete element-finite difference approach. Laboratory tests were carried out to examine the deformation and degradation of ballast subjected to cyclic loading at 15 Hz and a lateral 61 confinement of 10 kPa . The laboratory results reveal that ballast undergoes significant deformation 62 during the initial load cycles, followed by gradually increasing deformation attaining a steady value 63 towards the end of testing. A numerical model based on combined discrete element method (DEM) 64 and finite difference method (FDM) is introduced to study the load-deformation response of the 65 ballast assembly while considering interaction between the ballast aggregates and the subgrade 66 layer. In this coupled model,
Contributions of substorm injections to SYM‐H depressions in the main phase of storms

Substorm injections bring energetic particles to the inner magnetosphere. But the role of the injected population in building up the storm time ring current is not well understood. By surveying Los Alamos National Laboratory geosynchronous data during 34 storm main phases, we show evidence that at least some substorm injections can contribute to substorm‐time scale SYM‐H/Dst depressions in the main phase of storms. For event studies, we analyze two typical events in which the main‐phase SYM‐H index exhibited stepwise depressions that are correlated with particle flux enhancement due to injections and with AL index. A statistical study is performed based on 95 storm time injection events. The flux increases of the injected population (50–400 keV) are found proportional to the sharp SYM‐H depressions during the injection interval. By identifying dispersionless and dispersive injection signals, we estimate the azimuthal extent of the substorm injection. Statistical results show that the injection regions of these storm time substorms are characterized with an azimuthal extent larger than 06:00 magnetic local time. These results suggest that at least some substorm injections may mimic the large‐scale enhanced convection and contribute to sharp decreases of Dst in the storm main phase.
In-Plane Cyclic Response of New Urm Systems with Thin Web and Shell Clay Units

ABSTRACT The use of thin web/shell clay unit masonry is becoming increasingly widespread for its good thermal and acoustic insulation performance. However, vertical perforated clay units with thin webs/shells could be a source of weakness and brittleness when used in load-bearing masonry walls subjected to shear cyclic excitations. The aim of this research is therefore to study the applicability of such construction systems in moderate to medium seismic areas, evaluating their seismic performance through an experimental investigation followed by a numerical research. In this context, the paper will present the results of the in-plane test campaign on 16 masonry piers representing three different masonry typologies, assembled using vertically hollowed clay units with thin webs and shell and tested under controlled boundary conditions, with different in-plane slenderness ratios and different applied vertical loads. The results are discussed in terms of in-plane failure modes, associated lateral strength and stiffness, displacement and dissipation capacity, comparing the performance within the three different typologies and with similar masonry tested in the past with clay units having common (thicker) webs and shells. The main experimental outcomes show that the considered typologies provide a sufficiently good lateral performance, providing stiffness, resistance, deformation capacity and post-peak behaviour in line with the corresponding “traditional” masonry systems without any source of additional brittleness.