Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Space Telescopes and Instrumentation I: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter

A brief overview on the current status of the census of the early universe population is given. Observational surveys of high redshift galaxies provide direct opportunities to witness the cosmic dawn and to have better understanding of how and when infant galaxies evolve into mature ones. It is a much more astronomical approach in contrast to the physical approach of to study the spatial fluctuation of cosmic microwave radiation. Recent findings in these two areas greatly advanced our understanding of the early Universe. I will describe the basic properties of several target objects we are looking for and the concrete methods astronomers are using to discover those objects in early Universe. My talk starts with Lyman α emitters and Lyman break galaxies, then introduces a clever approach to use gravitational lensing effect of clusters of galaxies to detect distant faint galaxies behind the clusters. Finally I will touch on the status and prospects of surveys for quasars and gamma-ray bursts.
Training, Wellbeing and Recovery Load Monitoring in Female Youth Athletes

Participation in youth sports is ever-increasing, along with training and competition demands placed upon youth athletes. Young athletes may experience high training loads due to playing several sports, as well as participating in school physical education. Therefore, monitoring youth athlete load is an emerging area of research that may help limit non-functional overreaching, injury, or illness and assist with long-term athlete development. This narrative review highlights that multiple measures have been explored to monitor both internal and external load. However, the validity, reliability and practicality of these measures are often not fully understood in female youth populations. The most commonly used external monitoring methods are GPS tracking and TRIMP whereas common internal monitoring tools are questionnaires, perceived exertion rating and heart rate measures. The reporting of injuries and menstrual cycles is also crucial for providing completeness when monitoring an athlete. It has been suggested that the combination of training load, recovery and wellbeing monitoring variables is the optimal way to monitor an athlete’s fatigue levels. Whichever monitoring method is applied, in a youth population it is important that the protocol can be individualised, is inexpensive and can be easily implemented and reported so that the monitoring is sustainable.
Simulation of Low Power Self-Selective Memristive Neural Networks for in situ Digital and Analogue Artificial Neural Network Applications

Self-selective memory devices are considered promising candidates for suppressing the undesired sneak path currents that appear within crossbar memory structures and compromise their performance during the write and read operations. Along these lines, in this work we present forming free SiO<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\mathbf{2}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-based resistive devices with inherent self-selection and self-compliance properties. The devices can operate in dual mode, since they can perform volatile threshold switching and non-volatile bipolar resistive behavior by regulating the external voltage amplitude. Interestingly, the devices exhibit low operating voltage (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>260 – 360 mV) and quick response time (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>100 ns). A comprehensive model is then developed in order to interpret this unique feature and provide valuable insights into the underlying physical mechanisms. Additionally, self-activated neural networks are theoretically investigated by performing in-situ digital and analog computations, whereas the calculated outcomes are compared with traditional neural networks with transistors as selecting elements. More specifically, a logic NAND gate and supervised learning upon the MNIST dataset is performed, while the proposed neural network architecture is tuned differently according to the application. Notably, the acquired results are comparable with the respective data where selectors have been employed, indicating the promising aspects of the proposed memristive devices. Moreover, a thorough analysis is carried out regarding the correlation between the device's linearity and the recognition's accuracy score, offering valuable insights. The proposed architecture paves the way for the development of energy-efficient artificial neural network computing architectures with tunable properties.
H∞-0ptimal Control and Related Minimax Design Problems: A Dynamic Game Approach

One of the major concentrated activities of the past decade in control theory has been the development of the so-called "H-infinity-optimal control theory", which addresses the issue of worst-case controller design for linear plants subject to unknown disturbances and plant uncertainties. Among the different time-domain approaches to this class of worst-case design problems, the one that uses the framework of dynamic, differential game theory stands out to be the most natural. This is so because the original H-infinity control problem (in its equivalent time-domain formulation) is in fact a minimax optimization problem, and hence a zero-sum game, where the controller can be viewed as the minimizing player and disturbance as the maximizing player. Using this framework, the authors present in this book a complete theory that encompasses continuous-time as well as discrete-time systems, finite as well as infinite horizons, and several different measurement schemes, including closed loop perfect state, delayed perfect state, samples state, closed-loop imperfect state, delayed imperfect state and sampled imperfect state information patterns. They also discuss extensions of the linear theory to nonlinear systems, and derivation of the lower dimensional controller for systems with regularly and singularly perturbed dynamics. This is the second edition of a 1991 book with the same title, which, besides featuring a more streamlined presentation of the results included in the first edition, and at places under more refined conditions, also contains substantial new material, reflecting new developments in the field since 1991. Among these are the nonlinear theory; connections between H-infinity-optimal control and risk sensitive stochastic control problems; H-infinity filtering for linear and nonlinear systems; and robustness considerations in the presence of regular and singular perturbations. Also included are a rather detailed description of the relationship between frequency-and time-domain approaches to robust controller design, and a complete set of results on the existence of value and characterization of optimal policies in finite- and infinite-horizon LQ differential games. The authors believe that the theory is now at a stage where it can easily be incorporated into a second-level graduate course in a control curriculum, that would follow a basic course in linear control theory covering LQ and LQG designs. The framework adopted in this book makes such an ambitious plan possible. For the most part, the only prerequisite for the book is a basic knowledge of linear control theory. No background in differential games, or game theory in general, is required, as the requisite concepts and results have been developed in the book at the appropriate level. The book is written in such a way that makes it possible to follow the theory for the continuous- and discrete-time systems independently (and also in parallel).
Planification de trajectoire pour un robot polygonal non holonome dans un environnement polygonal

Nous etudions les robots non holonomes de type voiture et leurs trajectoires optimales en longueur. Ces robots sont soumis a deux contraintes cinematiques : son orientation est toujours tangente a la trajectoire, qui a une courbure majoree par une constante strictement positive. Dans un premier temps, nous partons des resultats de dubins limitant les formes des trajectoires optimales pour un robot se deplacant en marche avant dans un environnement plan sans obstacle. Nous calculons la synthese de ce probleme d'optimisation. Nous obtenons alors une partition de l'espace des configurations du robot. Puis en decoule l'etude des iso-distances associees a la pseudo-distance entre configurations, ainsi que les regions d'accessibilite. Ensuite nous abordons deux problemes de planification utilisant des chemins optimaux. Le premier consiste a planifier un chemin optimal entre deux configurations passant par une suite donnee de points. Nous montrons que ce probleme est np-dur et qu'une restriction de ce probleme admet une unique solution. Nous proposons deux methodes de resolution. Le second est plus classique : le robot polygonal est en mouvement plan au milieu d'obstacles polygonaux. Nous proposons un algorithme utilisant nos resultats sur les chemins optimaux en presence d'obstacles, trouvant une approximation du plus court chemin. La complexite et la qualite de l'approximation sont analysees. L'algorithme a ete implante en langage c et des resultats sont presentes
Environmental Decentralization, Heterogeneous Environmental Regulation, and Green Total Factor Productivity—Evidence from China

The effective enhancement of green total factor productivity (GTFP) through macro-regulatory tools—environmental decentralization and environmental regulation and thus the promotion of high-quality and sustainable economic development—is a hot topic of current research. However, many studies have focused on how environmental decentralization or environmental regulation affects green total factor productivity, lacking attention to the relationships and impact paths among the three. To clarify the mechanisms of action of the three effects, this paper measures the GTFP of 30 Chinese provinces and cities from 2010 to 2020 through the Super-SBM model. The mediating effect of environmental regulation between environmental decentralization and GTFP is examined. Firstly, the study findings suggested that environmental decentralization is significantly negatively related to GTFP, while different environmental regulations are all significantly positively related to GTFP. Secondly, environmental decentralization suppresses GTFP in eastern China, which has a non-significant effect in central China. It has a catalytic effect on GTFP in western China. Finally, environmental decentralization can enhance GTFP by promoting public participation in environmental regulation. The findings of this paper have implications for adjusting environmental decentralization, environmental regulation policies, and formulating green economic transition and development strategies.
Complete spacelike hypersurfaces of constant mean curvature in de Sitter space

On demontre que les seules hypersurfaces completes du genre espace de l'espace de De Sitter a 3 dimensions de courbure moyenne constante 0≤H≤1 sont donnees par l'intersection de l'espace de De Sitter avec certaines hypersurfaces lineaires de l'espace de Lorentz-Minkowski
The Effect of Bacillus licheniformis on weight gain, Blood picture and Lipid Profiles in rats feed high Cholesterol diet

The study aims to detect the effect of adding of Bacillus licheniformis bacteria (1 × 108 cells/day/animal) to reduce the negative effect of cholesterol added to the food ration by 2% on body weights and the effect on some parameters, blood images and lipid profiles in male laboratory rats after a period of 28 days. In this study, 15 adult male Albino Sprague- Dawleyweanling rats of 8-9 weeks of age and average weight of 142 g are used. The animals are randomly distributed into 3 groups with each group consisting of 5 animals. The results show that the addition of cholesterol causes a significant increase at (P<0.05) in body weight, as the weight gain is 43.18 g compared with 19.13 g in the control group. The results also show a decrease in total number of red blood cells, hemoglobin levels, HCT and a significant increase in the number of white blood cells and platelets for groups of rats feeding cholesterol at (6.12 , 10.44 , 35.32 , 11.94 , 850.60) compared with the control group (7.09 , 12.30 , 38.54 , 9.22 , 597.40) respectively. The results also show an increase in the level of cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides, and a significant decrease in the level of HDL compared to the control group . The addition of Bacillus licheniformis with cholesterol has a significant effect in reducing the negative effect of cholesterol on all the above-measured parameters.
The Effects of Mentha pulegium L. Aqueous Extract and Nisin (Free and Nonoliposomes Forms) on Chemical, Biological, and Sensory Characteristics of Minced Silver Carp Fish (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of Mentha pulegium L. aqueous extract (AE) and nisin (free and nonoliposomes (N) forms) on chemical, biological, and sensory properties of minced silver carp fish during 12 days at 4°C. The treatments included the following: control: without AE and nisin, treated samples with AE 1% and AE 2%, treated samples with N-AE 1% and N-AE 2%, and treated samples with nisin 1000 IU/g and N-nisin 1000 IU/g. The nanoliposomes were prepared with the mean sizes of 141–165 nm. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) was measured at 46.23–75.14%. The results showed that the nano aqueous extract (N-AE) group had the best effect on the microbial, chemical, and sensory properties in minced fish during storage. Also, AE was more effective on gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The values of minimum bactericidal concentration and minimum inhibitory concentration of gram-negative bacteria were higher than gram-positive bacteria.
Multiple Factor Analysis by Example Using R

Principal Component Analysis Multiple Correspondence Analysis Factor Analysis for Mixed Data Weighting Groups of Variables Comparing Clouds of Partial Individuals Factors Common to Different Groups of Variables Comparing Groups of Variables and Indscal Model Qualitative and Mixed Data Multiple Factor Analysis and Procrustes Analysis Hierarchical Multiple Factor Analysis Matrix Calculus and Euclidean Vector Space Bibliography
The mathematical description of friction between solid bodies

A piecewise-smooth ordinary differential equationmodel of a dry-friction oscillator is studied, as a paradigm for the role of nonlinear and hysteretic terms in discontinuities of dynamical systems. The friction discontinuity is a switch in direction of the contact force in the transition between left and rightward slipping motion. Nonlinear terms introduce dynamics that is novel in the context of piecewise-smooth dynamical systems theory (in particular they are outside the standard Filippov convention), but are shown to account naturally for static friction, and moreover provide a simple route to including hysteresis. The nonlinear terms are understood in terms of dummy dynamics at the discontinuity, given a formal derivation here. The result is a three-parameter model built on the minimal mathematical features necessary to account for the key characteristics of dry friction. The effect of compliance can be distinguished from the contact model, and numerical simulations reveal that all behaviours persist under smoothing and under small random perturbations, but nonlinear effects can be made to disappear abruptly amid sufficient noise. 1 Smooth or nonsmooth, regular or singular? Different physical and mathematical approaches have provided an increasingly complex picture of the dynamics involved in friction, the contact force that arises along the interface between two solid bodies. In the light of developments in nonlinear and nonsmooth dynamics, in particular in the field of piecewise smooth dynamical systems, it is interesting to revisit the mathematical description of a phenomenon that seems fundamental to physical interaction. One enduring challenge in seeking a mathematical understanding of friction between rigid bodies is the combined nonlinear and multi-scale nature of the processes involved (see e.g. [35,39,46,48]), and this is typical of interactions not only in mechanics, but in other physical, chemical and biological systems (e.g. [5,30,28, 15,19]). One approach is to take both features to their extreme limit by collapsing Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, UK, email: mike.jeffrey@bristol.ac. uk
Multispectral and Molecular Docking Studies Reveal Potential Effectiveness of Antidepressant Fluoxetine by Forming π-Acceptor Complexes

Poor mood, lack of pleasure, reduced focus, remorse, unpleasant thoughts, and sleep difficulties are all symptoms of depression. The only approved treatment for children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) is fluoxetine hydrochloride (FXN), a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor antidepressant. MDD is the most common cause of disability worldwide. In the present research, picric acid (PA); dinitrobenzene; p-nitro benzoic acid; 2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide; 2,6-dibromoquinone-4-chloroimide; and 7,7′,8,8′-tetracyanoquinodimethane were used to make 1:1 FXN charge-transfer compounds in solid and liquid forms. The isolated complexes were then characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity, infrared, Raman, and 1H-NMR spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. Additionally, a molecular docking investigation was conducted on the donor moiety using FXN alone and the resulting charge transfer complex [(FXN)(PA)] as an acceptor to examine the interactions against two protein receptors (serotonin or dopamine). Interestingly, the [(FXN)(PA)] complex binds to both serotonin and dopamine more effectively than the FXN drug alone. Furthermore, [(FXN)(PA)]–serotonin had a greater binding energy than [FXN]–serotonin. Theoretical data were also generated by density functional theory simulations, which aided the molecular geometry investigation and could be beneficial to researchers in the future.
The hEag1 K+ Channel Inhibitor Astemizole Stimulates Ca2+ Deposition in SaOS-2 and MG-63 Osteosarcoma Cultures

The hEag1 (Kv10.1) K+ channel is normally found in the brain, but it is ectopically expressed in tumor cells, including osteosarcoma. Based on the pivotal role of ion channels in osteogenesis, we tested whether pharmacological modulation of hEag1 may affect osteogenic differentiation of osteosarcoma cell lines. Using molecular biology (RT-PCR), electrophysiology (patch-clamp) and pharmacology (astemizole sensitivity, IC50 = 0.135 μM) we demonstrated that SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cells also express hEag1 channels. SaOS-2 cells also express to KCa1.1 K+ channels as shown by mRNA expression and paxilline sensitivity of the current. The inhibition of hEag1 (2 μM astemizole) or KCa1.1 (1 mM TEA) alone did not induce Ca2+ deposition in SaOS-2 cultures, however, these inhibitors, at identical concentrations, increased Ca2+ deposition evoked by the classical or pathological (inorganic phosphate, Pi) induction pathway without causing cytotoxicity, as reported by three completer assays (LDH release, MTT assay and SRB protein assay). We observed a similar effect of astemizole on Ca2+ deposition in MG-63 osteosarcoma cultures as well. We propose that the increase in the osteogenic stimuli-induced mineral matrix formation of osteosarcoma cell lines by inhibiting hEag1 may be a useful tool to drive terminal differentiation of osteosarcoma.
NEURONAL ACTIVITY IN THE BRAIN CHANGES DURING EXERCISE IN ATTENTION STATES, WARM-UP, SUBMAXIMAL EFFORT, AND RECOVERY, AFTER NEUROFEEDBACK-EEG TRAINING IN MOTION

The aim of the study was to show changes in EEG during exercise in attention states A, warm-up W, submaximal effort E, and recovery states R, during Neurofeedback-EEG training. Examined 10 track and field athletes and 10 swimmers based on EEG measurements during physical exercise. The track and field athletes underwent 20 Neurofeedback-EEG training sessions on the elliptic ergometer and swimmers on the swimming ergometer, with speed measurement. All the measurements were performed twice: before and after Neurofeedback-EEG training. Participation in Neurofeedback-EEG training combined with physical exercise change brain activity and result in a substantial modulation of the spectral amplitude within the sources located near the frontal lobe, sensory cortex, motor cortex, and anterior parietal and occipital lobes. However, depending on the movement speed, the differences in EEG are statistically insignificant in many points of the skull, on the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. Participation in Neurofeedback-EEG training result in a substantial modulation of the spectral amplitude within the sources located near the frontal lobe, sensory cortex, motor cortex, and anterior parietal and occipital lobes. The changes are related to the movement speed and the points of the skull related to the activity of specific brain areas.
Populations of entomopathogenic nematodes in agricultural lands

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are known agents in pest biological control. Environmental factors can influence on populations of soil-inhabitant nematodes like EPNs in agricultural lands. In the current study, after selecting a suitable study site (33.20-33.42 N and 48-48.55 E), and soil sampling (250 samples) in May to July 2019, infectious juveniles of EPNs were extracted from soil samples according to the bait method. According to occurrence of EPNs-infected Galleria mellonella larvae, natural occurrence (%) of EPNs was estimated, while considering soil characteristics (salinity and acidity), region (altitude) and type of crop. Also, population incidence (%) of EPNs in EPNs-positive soil samples was estimated, according to G. mellonella larvae mortality by re-baiting. As results, seven soil samples were found to be EPNs-positive per total samples. Natural occurrence (%) of EPNs, Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae was equal to 2.8, 2, and 0.8%, respectively. This was variable under ranges of area altitude, soil salinity and acidity, and crop type, so that the highest to lowest occurrence (%) of EPNs was observed in forage crops (4%), vegetables (4%), industrial crops (4%), fruit trees (2%), and cereals (1.33%), respectively. There was a significant difference ( P <0.05) in incidence of EPNs҆ population (%) in EPNs-positive samples. The lowest-highest incidence of EPNs҆ population was obtained as 15.52-33.4% in 7 EPNs-positive samples. As a conclusion, type of crop, altitude and soil acidity and salinity play a role in the level of occurrence and incidence of EPNs populations. These may have affected the biological and ecological properties of the nematodes populations.