Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PageRank for ranking authors in co-citation networks

Google's PageRank has created a new synergy to information retrieval for a better ranking of Web pages. It ranks documents depending on the topology of the graphs and the weights of the nodes. PageRank has significantly advanced the field of information retrieval and keeps Google ahead of competitors in the search engine market. It has been deployed in bibliometrics to evaluate research impact, yet few of these studies focus on the important impact of the damping factor (d) for ranking purposes. This paper studies how varied damping factors in the PageRank algorithm can provide additional insight into the ranking of authors in an author co-citation network. Furthermore, we propose weighted PageRank algorithms. We select 108 most highly cited authors in the information retrieval (IR) area from the 1970s to 2008 to form the author co-citation network. We calculate the ranks of these 108 authors based on PageRank with damping factor ranging from 0.05 to 0.95. In order to test the relationship between these different measures, we compare PageRank and weighted PageRank results with the citation ranking, h-index, and centrality measures. We found that in our author co-citation network, citation rank is highly correlated with PageRank's with different damping factors and also with different PageRank algorithms; citation rank and PageRank are not significantly correlated with centrality measures; and h-index is not significantly correlated with centrality measures.
Development of Test Methodologies and Setups for Thrust Measurements of Cold Gas Micro-thrusters for CubeSats

ÐMeasuring the thrust of cold gas micro-thrusters, due to the small magnitude of the generated force, is a challenging task, and to obtain satisfying quality of results usually careful adjustments of the setup has to be performed. The work presented in this paper aims at improving the quality of such measurements at the GomSpace Sweden company. The work consists of two parts: In the first part the author focuses on improving current thrust measurements setup implemented in the company, which consists of a vacuum compatible laboratory scale. It was observed that the results obtained from this setup were approximately 25– 35% lower than expected. A test campaign performed within the work found that this was associated mainly with backflow of plume expansion gases. Covering the scale and the tested propulsion unit with a box having openings only for thrusters was proved to be sufficient setup upgrade to mitigate the issue. In the second part of the project an alternative setup utilising a hanging pendulum-based solution with strain measurement-based force sensor is proposed and its design is thoroughly described. Results of initial tests of a 3D printed prototype of this setup are presented, proving its potential to produce results with better quality of output than the laboratory scale.
Socio-economic determinants of marital fertility in twenty countries: a multivariate analysis.

Multiple regression analysis is used to examine the effects of 6 socioeconomic characteristics of couples on their recent levels of child-bearing. Sample data from 20 countries e.g. Bangladesh Nepal Pakistan Jordan include rural-urban residence education and work status of both spouses and occupation of husband. In the majority of study populations the characteristics of the wife have more effect on fertility behavior than those of the husband. The net contributions of the wife compared to that of the husband is larger in the Caribbean and Latin America than for populations in other areas. Perhaps the wife has a more decisive role in family size decisions in this part of the world. Female labor force participation showed a substantial effect on marital fertility. The effect remained after adjusting for all other variables in the model and cannot be attributed to any other socioeconomic factors. Rural-urban residence produced the sharpest fertility differentials in the Latin American region with contributions to R-squared of about 2-6%. After adjustment for place of residence substantial differentials by social class persist in a majority of countries. In Latin America the effects are generally higher but not as large as those of residence. In Asia and the Caribbean the contribution of the characteristics of the husband is generally higher than the effect of residence.
Characterization of a novel polyurethane-based plastic scintillator for neutron and gamma detection in mixed radiation ﬁelds

We present studies of a novel plastic scintillator branded M600, which was developed and provided by Target Systemelektronik. This new material is, in contrast to other solid organic scintillators oﬀered by commercial providers, based on a polyurethane matrix complemented with scintillating and wavelength-shifting additives. This paper covers measurements of absolute light output, LO, (photons per 1 MeV-g, g-non-proportionality (NP), light pulse shapes
The Analysis of Lyrics in Indonesian Folksong as Local Traditional Music

Indonesia is a country with thousands of cultures. The cultural enrichment in Indonesia was caused by this country's diversity, including various ethnic groups, languages, dialects, traditions, religions, local dances, and local music. Folksong is one of the cultural varieties in Indonesia, especially from a music perspective. In Indonesia, almost every region has its folksong, and every folksong has its different language, which can be distinguished from one another because its nature that every folksong is unique. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the lyrics in Indonesian folksong and the recognition of Indonesian traditional music, specifically folksong. The effort in this research is shown as the writer's dedication to searching the material resources through journals, books, and other reading media as this research adopts the narrative review approach. The result shows the philosophical and cultural comprehension or understanding regarding the lyrics of Indonesian folksong.
NEW EXOSKELETAL MATERIAL FROM BAHIA STATE PROVIDES NEW EVIDENCE OF GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND PALEOPATHOLOGY FOR QUATERNARY CINGULATES

– The Cingulata clade has a great taxonomic diversity, and its remains are abundantly found in the fossil record of South America, represented mainly by elements from the exoskeleton. Most of the work on cingulate fossils from the Brazilian Quaternary is restricted to taxonomy, while studies on paleobiology, including pathological aspects, are still scarce. This paper describes new exoskeletal specimens and paleopathological evidence for cingulates from Quaternary deposits in Bahia State, Brazil, among the identified taxa ( Pachyarmatherium brasiliense , Tolypeutes cf. tricinctus , Propraopus sulcatus , Glyptotherium sp., Neuryurus sp., Panochthus sp., Hoplophorus cf. euphractus , Pampatherium humboldtii, and Holmesina paulacoutoi ). Neuryurus is recorded for the first time in the Quaternary of Bahia. Skin lesions, possibly caused by fungi or bacteria, are identified for Panochthus sp. and Glyptotherium sp. In addition, we identified lesions caused by fleas in Glyptotherium sp. These findings underscore disharmonious interspecific relationships involving microorganisms and parasites with glyptodonts, aligning with previous research conclusions.
Understanding Ransom Kidnappings and Their Duration

Abstract What factors drive the length of a kidnapping experience? A theoretical model is developed to conduct comparative statics. A unique data set covering all kidnappings for ransom in Sardinia between 1960 and 2010 is analyzed. Factors related to the ability to pay and cost of abduction matter. Policies aimed at deterring kidnapping have mixed effects on its duration.
P OINTER G UESS : Targeted Password Guessing Model Using Pointer Mechanism

Most existing targeted password guessing models view users’ reuse behaviors as sequences of edit operations (e.g., insert and delete) performed on old passwords. These atomic edit operations are limited to modifying one character at a time and cannot fully cover users’ complex password modiﬁca-tion behaviors (e.g., modifying the password structure). This partially leads to a signiﬁcant gap between the proportion of users’ reused passwords and the success rates that existing targeted guessing models can achieve. To ﬁll this gap, this paper models users’ reuse behaviors by focusing on two key components: (1) What they want to copy/keep; (2) What they want to tweak. More speciﬁcally, we introduce the pointer mechanism and propose a new targeted guessing model, namely P OINT - ER G UESS . By hierarchically redeﬁning password reuse from both personal and population-wide perspectives, we can accurately and comprehensively characterize users’ password reuse behaviors. Moreover, we propose MS-P OINTER G UESS , which can employ the victim’s multiple leaked passwords. By employing 13 large-scale real-world password datasets, we demonstrate that P OINTER G UESS is effective: (1) When the victim’s password at site A (namely pw A ) is known, within 100 guesses, the average success rate of P OINTER G UESS in guessing her password at site B (namely pw B , pw A (cid:2) = pw B ) is 25.21% (for common users) and 12.34% (for security-savvy users), respectively, which is 21.23% ∼ 71.54% (38.37% on average) higher than its
Eliciting Language Model Behaviors using Reverse Language Models

Despite advances in fine-tuning methods, language models (LMs) continue to output toxic and harmful responses on worst-case inputs, including adversarial attacks and jailbreaks. We train an LM on tokens in reverse order—a reverse LM —as a tool for identifying such worst-case inputs. By prompting a reverse LM with a problematic string, we can sample prefixes that are likely to precede the problematic suffix. We test our reverse LM by using it to guide beam search for prefixes that have high probability of generating toxic statements when input to a forwards LM. Our 160m parameter reverse LM outperforms the existing state-of-the-art adversarial attack method, GCG, when measuring the probability of toxic continuations from the Pythia-160m LM. We also find that the prefixes generated by our reverse LM for the Pythia model are more likely to transfer to other models, eliciting toxic responses also from Llama 2 when compared to GCG-generated attacks.
Becker Digital

Purpose of Review This review examines the diverse functional relationships that exist between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and bone, including key advances over the past century that inform our efforts to translate these discoveries for skeletal repair. Recent Findings The innervation of the bone during development, homeostasis, and regeneration is highly patterned. Consistent with this, there have been nearly 100 studies over the past century that have used denervation approaches to isolate the effects of the different branches of the PNS on the bone. Overall, a common theme of balance emerges whereby an orchestration of both local and systemic neural functions must align to promote optimal skeletal repair while limiting negative consequences such as pain. Summary An improved understanding of the functional bidirectional pathways linking the PNS and bone has important implications for skeletal development and regeneration. Clinical advances over the next century will necessitate a rigorous identification of the mechanisms underlying these effects that is cautious not to oversimplify the in vivo condition in diverse states of health and disease.
INTERSEEDING COVER CROPS TO SUPPRESS WEEDS IN CORN- SOYBEAN ROTATIONS IN KENTUCKY

OF THESIS INTERSEEDING COVER CROPS TO SUPPRESS WEEDS IN CORNSOYBEAN ROTATIONS IN KENTUCKY Cover crops are typically sown between cash crops and can suppress weed emergence and growth. If cover crops are sown after cash crop harvest the system is left susceptible to weed emergence while they establish. Interseeding cover crops into a standing cash crop may limit this bare period by allowing cover crops to become established, go into dormancy, and then revive around cash crop senescence. Studies were conducted in Princeton and Lexington, KY, to determine (i) which corn pre-emergent herbicides and mixtures of herbicide active ingredients commonly used by Kentucky growers would impact interseeded cover crop density and biomass, (ii) which grass entries that are adapted to Kentucky would be best to interseed in corn, and (iii) if interseeded cover crops would suppress weeds similar to a cover crop planted after cash crop harvest. There were few reductions in interseeded cover crop density and biomass from the preemergent herbicides tested. Among the entries interseeded in four site-years, the tall fescue pre-cultivars generally performed the best but none were consistently able to survive the summer when interseeded into corn. Compared to a cereal rye cover crop seeded after corn harvest, interseeded cover crops produced less biomass and therefore suppressed fewer weeds.
Evaluation of Alpha-fetoprotein and Prothrombin Induced by Vitamin K Absence for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis in Patients Admitted to a Large Transplant Center

Background & aims: Prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA II) is a diagnostic marker and a major prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with limited experience in European patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of simultaneous measurement of alphafetoprotein (AFP) and PIVKA II for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
A Simplified Approach for Evaluation and Management of Thyroid Incidentalomas

The incidence of thyroid nodules has become exceedingly common seen in as many as one in seven adults owing to the increased detection through routine imaging studies. These are called incidental thyroid nodules or incidentalomas, many of which are occult differentiated micro carcinomas. There are conflicting guidelines in the management of incidentalomas which have not been answered despite comprehensive studies looking into this problem. By this review we attempt to simplify these guidelines and put forth a straightforward algorithm for practicing clinicians to decide the optimal strategy for treatment.
Prenatal diagnosis and perinatal outcomes in newborns with esophageal atresia Diagnóstico prenatal y resultados perinatales en recién nacidos con atresia esofágica

Introduction: Esophageal atresia is a rare congenital malformation of the digestive system. Early diagnosis is essential to plan adequate medical and surgical treatments. Objective: To evaluate the diagnosis of esophageal atresia using prenatal ultrasound and to describe the perinatal outcomes associated with this pathology. Methods: Descriptive, retrospective study of newborns with confirmed esophageal atresia seen at the Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP) between 2019-2021. Data were collected on medical and ultrasound diagnoses, as well as maternal and neonatal variables. The procedures were approved by the institution's ethics committee. The information was kept confidential using alphanumeric codes, and a coded and restricted database was created for analysis. Results: There were 46,301 births at the INMP. Eighteen cases of confirmed esophageal atresia were identified (3.9 per 10,000 births). It was found that 66.7% of cases with esophageal atresia had some other associated malformation, cardiac being the most frequent. Intrauterine growth restriction (66.6%) and polyhydramnios (55.5%) were the most common findings in prenatal ultrasounds. Mortality was 50%, but only 20% when excluding fetuses with malformations. Conclusions: In neonates with confirmed esophageal atresia, intrauterine growth restriction was the most frequent ultrasound finding. Polyhydramnios and small or absent stomach were observed in about 50% of the cases, so their absence does not exclude the possibility of this pathology. The incidence of associated malformations was similar to that reported in other publications, but infant mortality was higher even after excluding malformed fetuses.
Digital Commons@Becker Digital Commons

Spontaneousactivityisthoughttoregulatesynaptogenesisinmanypartsofthedevelopingnervoussystem. Invivo evidenceforthisregulation, however,isscarceandcomesalmostexclusivelyfromexperimentsinwhichnormalactivitywasreducedorblockedcompletely.Thus,whether spontaneousactivityitselfpromotessynaptogenesisorplaysapurelypermissiveroleremainsuncertain.Inaddition,howactivityinfluences synapsedynamicstoshapeconnectivityandwhetheritseffectsamongneuronsareuniformorcell-type-dependentisunclear.Inmicelacking thecone–rodhomeoboxgene( Crx ), photoreceptors fail to establish normal connections with bipolar cells (BCs). Here, we find that retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in Crx (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice become rhythmically hyperactive around the time of eye opening as a result of increased spontaneous glutamate release from BCs. This elevated neurotransmission enhances synaptogenesis between BCs and RGCs, without altering the overall circuitarchitecture.Usingliveimaging,wediscoverthatspontaneousactivityselectivelyregulatestherateofsynapseformation,notelimination, inthiscircuit.ReconstructionsoftheconnectivitypatternsofthreeBCtypeswithasharedRGCtargetfurtherrevealedthatneurotransmission specificallypromotestheformationofmultisynapticappositionsfromoneBCtypewithoutaffectingthemaintenanceoreliminationofconnec-tionsfromtheothertwo.Althoughhyperactivityin Crx (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice persists, synapse numbers do not increase beyond 4 weeks of age, suggesting closure of a critical period for synaptic refinement in the inner retina. Interestingly, despite their hyperactivity, RGC axons maintain normal eye-specificterritoriesandcell-type-specificlayersinthedorsallateralgeniculatenucleus
Effect of Feed Rations and Bull Breeds on Semen Parameters of Bulls at Kenya Animal Genetic Resources Center Nairobi Kenya

-Adequate nutrition is crucial for maintaining good reproductive health in bulls. Nutritional deficiencies can negatively impact semen quality, depending on the breed of the bull. It is from this perspective that the study sought to investigate the influence of nutrition quantity (DM7.5 (R1)- Control nutrients-DM4.4 (R2) =lower nutrition, R= high nutrients, DM9.5 (R4)=highest nutrient) of bulls on different bull breed semen parameters, that is, the quantity (number of reproductive jumps, number of doses and volume) and quality(concentration, density, motility) at Kenya Animal Genetic Resources Center, Kenya. The study was an experimental in design in the Latin square framework involving 32 bulls. The volume, dosage, sperm concentration, density, and sperm motility (rate, percentage, warm, and post-thaw motility) of the semen were all measured twice a week. The difference between treatment means ( SD) was calculated based on the ANOVA framework. The SPSS aided and significant level set at 0.05. The results showed that feed quantity, had a significant influence on semen characteristics. The number of doses were significantly higher in Jersey bulls (529.58 268.72) than in Ayrshire (404.44 188.58) and Sahiwal (430.64 278.72). The volume of semen across different feed rations was not different (P>.05). The number of doses were significantly lower in bulls fed on reduced DM4.4 (R2) feed (391.53b 230.16) compared to doses from bulls fed on the usual quantity DM7.5 (R1) feed (514.34a 360.99). The concentration and density of semen were found significantly higher in bulls on DM5.0 (R3) and DM9.5 (R4) feeds than the reduced nutrient feed DM4.4 (R2). No difference in both concentration and density was observed between higher nutrient feeds (DM5.0 (R3) and DM9.5 (R4)) and the usual feed DM7.5 (R1). Motility (
Search for dark matter produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to two bottom quarks in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

This article reports on a search for dark matter pair production in association with a Higgs boson decaying to a pair of bottom quarks, using data from $20.3 fb^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The decay of the Higgs boson is reconstructed as a high-momentum $b\bar{b}$ system with either a pair of small-radius jets, or a single large-radius jet with substructure. The observed data are found to be consistent with the expected Standard Model backgrounds. Model-independent upper limits are placed on the visible cross-sections for events with a Higgs boson decaying into $b\bar{b}$ and large missing transverse momentum with thresholds ranging from 150 GeV to 400 GeV. Results are interpreted using a simplified model with a $Z^\prime$ gauge boson decaying into different Higgs bosons predicted in a two-Higgs-doublet model, of which the heavy pseudoscalar Higgs decays into a pair of dark matter particles. Exclusion limits are also presented for the mass scales of various effective field theory operators that describe the interaction between dark matter particles and the Higgs boson.
Determination of efficient sampling locations in geotechnical site characterization using information entropy and Bayesian compressive sampling

Site characterization is indispensable in geotechnical engineering practice, and measurements on soil properties are performed through in situ tests, laboratory tests or other methods. However, due to time or budget limit, technical or access constraints, etc., the measurements are usually taken at a limited number of locations. This leads to a question of how to select the efficient locations for measurements or sampling such that as much information as possible on the spatial variability of soil properties can be obtained from a given number of measurements. In addition, geotechnical site characterization is a multi-stage process, and additional measurements might be required at a later stage of site characterization. In such a case, how the additional sampling locations can be selected efficiently such that the pre-existing measurements obtained from the preliminary stages of site characterization can be best used and how can as much information as possible on soil properties be further obtained are problems engineers face. This paper aims to address these two problems using information entropy and Bayesian compressive sampling. Real cone penetration test data along both vertical and horizontal directions are used to illustrate and validate the proposed methods. Results show that the proposed methods are very effective and robust in selecting efficient sampling locations for geotechnical site characterization.