Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VLT multi-epoch radial velocity survey toward NGC 6253 - Analysis of three transiting planetary candidates

Context. One of the most metal-rich open cluster of the Galaxy, NGC 6253 is a target of special interest in the search for extrasolar planets, the study of stellar populations, and the chemical/dynamical evolution of the Galactic disk. Aims. We present the results of two photometric campaigns and a VLT multi-epoch radial velocity survey toward the open cluster NGC 6253. We complement our analysis with photometric, proper motion, and radial velocity data available from previous studies of this cluster, and analyze three planetary candidates found in the field of NGC 6253. Methods. We derived homogeneous radial velocity measurements for stars located at the turn-off, sub-giant, red-giant branch, redclump, and blue straggler regions of the cluster. We also analyzed a comparison sample of surrounding field stars. Spectra were obtained with the UVES and GIRAFFE spectrographs at the VLT during three epochs in August 2008. Results. The three UVES measurements acquired for our brightest transiting candidate (V = 15.26) are all consistent within their errors (200 m/s), but were acquired at very similar orbital phases. The mean radial velocity of this object is not consistent with the cluster recession velocity, which rules out cluster membership except in the case of a binary system. This star is worth further analysis with high-precision spectroscopy. For our faintest candidate (V = 18.247), we were able to exclude the observed transits being caused by a close-by stellar companion, but more precise measurements will be needed to derive an orbital fit and to study other possible scenarios. For the remaining candidate, no measurements were acquired probably because of bad fiber positioning. The mean radial velocity of the cluster is (RVcl ± σcl) = (−29.11 ± 0.85) km s −1 . Using both radial velocities and proper motions, we identified 35 cluster members. Our results are in good agreement with past radial velocity and photometric measurements. Furthermore, using our photometry, astrometry, and spectroscopy we identified a new eclipsing binary system member of the cluster. Conclusions. We discussed the possibility of detecting substellar companions (brown dwarfs and planets) with the radial velocity technique (both with UVES/GIRAFFE and HARPS) around turn-off stars of old open cluster. We isolated 5 stars that are optimal targets for searching for planetary mass companions with HARPS. Our optimized strategy minimizes the observing time requested to isolate and followup on the best planetary candidates in cluster with high-precision spectrographs, an important aspect given the faint target stars.
Dietary Determinants of Renal Calculi: A Case-Control Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Rajasthan

Introduction Nephrolithiasis affects all countries of the world with an approximate global lifetime prevalence of 15-20%. In India, 12% of the total population is anticipated to have renal stone disease. This study was aimed at providing a relationship between various dietary factors in the formation of renal stones. Methods A case-control study was conducted among 207 patients (106 cases and 101 controls) attending the outpatient and inpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. All the participants with confirmed renal stones by means of ultrasound and radiographic evaluation, aged 15-65 years were included as cases and were matched on age and gender with controls. Pearson chi-square test followed by binary logistic regression was used to assess significant associations. Results Out of all participants, 71.0% were males and 65.7% were from the age group 41-65 years. The study showed a statistically significant association between renal stones and high salt intake, reduced water intake, less consumption of milk and milk products, daily intake of tea, consumption of oxalate-rich foods and consumption of junk foods. Conclusion Dietary factors play an important role in the risk of the development of renal stones. Simple dietary modifications may significantly reduce the chances of the development of nephrolithiasis, especially in the vulnerable population.
On the algebraic structure of Killing superalgebras

We study the algebraic structure of the Killing superalgebra of a supersymmetric background of $11$-dimensional supergravity and show that it is isomorphic to a filtered deformation of a $\mathbb Z$-graded subalgebra of the Poincare superalgebra. We are able to map the classification problem for highly supersymmetric backgrounds (i.e., those which preserve more than half the supersymmetry) to the classification problem of a certain class of filtered deformations of graded subalgebras of the Poincare superalgebra. We show that one can reconstruct a highly supersymmetric background from its Killing superalgebra; in so doing, we relate the bosonic field equations of $11$-dimensional supergravity to the Jacobi identity of the Killing superalgebra and show in this way that preserving more than half the supersymmetry implies the bosonic field equations.
CUSTOMER ACCEPTANCE OF DIGITAL BANKING: A STUDY ON GOVERNMENT’S BANK IN GREATER JAKARTA

The development of information technology at this time has succeeded in providing an evolution that leads to digital-based banking services (digital banking) in Indonesia. This is driven by the need for convenience in making payment transactions in Indonesian society. However, the process of digitizing banking services in Indonesia is still relatively slow. User acceptance of digital banking service applications is one of the supporting factors for the successful application of digital banking technology today. This study aimed to measure the acceptance of digital banking by customers of Government Bank in Greater Jakarta (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi) by using the UTAUT 2 model. This study used a sample of 100 respondents to scrutinize the respondents' views based on variables: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value, habit, trust, perceived risk, and knowledge. Data Analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modelling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of the convergent validity test showed that all indicators have a loading factor value above 0.7, and the reliability test results show the value of Cronbach's Alpha above 0.7, which indicates that the variable is valid for further testing. The structural equation model with behavioral intention and using behavior as a dependent variable indicated that some variables had no significant effect. The results of the p-values test show that performance expectancy, and facilitating conditions have a significant effect on behavioral intentions and that behavioral intentions, trust, and knowledge have a significant effect on use behavior.
On reduced models for gravity waves generated by moving bodies

In 1983, Tulin published a report proposing a framework for reducing the equations for gravity waves generated by moving bodies into a single nonlinear differential equation solvable in closed form (Proceedings of the 14th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, 1983, pp. 19–51). Several new and puzzling issues were highlighted by Tulin, notably the existence of weak and strong wave-making regimes, and the paradoxical fact that the theory seemed to be applicable to flows at low speeds, ‘but not too low speeds’. These important issues were left unanswered, and despite the novelty of the ideas, Tulin’s report fell into relative obscurity. Now, 30 years later, we will revive Tulin’s observations, and explain how an asymptotically consistent framework allows us to address these concerns. Most notably, we demonstrate, using the asymptotic method of steepest descents, how the production of free-surface waves can be related to the arrangement of integration contours connected to the shape of the moving body. This approach provides a new and powerful methodology for the study of geometrically nonlinear wave–body interactions.
Two-band superconductivity of bulk and surface states in Ag thin films on Nb

We use epitaxial strain to shift the energy of the two-dimensional Ag(111) surface states of Ag islands on Nb(110) substrates, allowing to spatially tune the bottom of the surface-state band $E_{\rm SS}$ through the Fermi level $E_{\rm F}$. Bulk and surface-state contributions to the Ag(111) local density of states (LDOS) can be separated with scanning tunneling spectroscopy. For thick islands ($\approx$\, 20 nm), the Ag surface states are decoupled from the Ag bulk states via orthogonality, and the superconductive gap induced by proximity to Nb is due to bulk states only. However, for thin islands (3-4 nm), surface-state electrons develop superconducting correlations as identified by a complete energy gap in the LDOS when $E_{\rm F}$ is smaller than but close to $E_{\rm F}$. The induced superconductivity in this case is of two-band nature and appears to occur when the surface-state wave function reaches down to the Ag/Nb interface.
Analyzing Benardete's comment on decimal notation

Philosopher Benardete challenged both the conventional wisdom and the received mathematical treatment of zero, dot, nine recurring. An initially puzzling passage in Benardete on the intelligibility of the continuum reveals challenging insights into number systems, the foundations of modern analysis, and mathematics education. A key concept here is, in Terry Tao's terminology, that of an ultralimit. Keywords: real analysis; infinitesimals; decimal notation; procedures vs ontology
Early-type dwarf galaxies with multicomponent stellar structure: Are they remnants of disc galaxies strongly transformed by their environment?

The surface brightness distribution of $\sim$30-40$\%$ of the early-type dwarf galaxies with $-18 \leq M_{B} \leq -15$ in the Virgo and the Coma clusters is fitted by models that include two structural components (Sersic + exponential) as for bright disc galaxies.The goal of the present study is to determine whether early-type dwarf galaxies with a two-component stellar structure in the Virgo and the Coma clusters are low-luminosity copies of bright disc galaxies or are the remnants of bright galaxies strongly transformed by cluster environmental effects.I analysed the location of bright disc galaxies and early-type dwarfs in the $r_{b,e}/h$- $n$ plane. The location in this plane of the two-component dwarf galaxies was compared with the remnants of tidally disrupted disc galaxies reported by numerical simulations. Bright unbarred disc galaxies show a strong correlation in the $r_{b,e}/h$-$n$ plane. Galaxies with larger Sersic shape parameters show a higher $r_{b,e}/h$ ratio. In contrast, two-component early-type dwarf galaxies do not follow the same correlation. A fraction ($\sim$55%) of them are located outside the locus defined in this plane by having 95$\%$ of bright disc galaxies. This distribution indicates that they are not a low-mass replica of bright disc galaxies. The different location in the $r_{b,e}/h$- $n$ plane of two-component early-type dwarfs and bright galaxies can be qualitatively explain whether the former are remnants of disc galaxies strongly transformed by tidal processes.The progenitors of $\sim$20-25% of early-type dwarf galaxies with $-18 \leq M_{B} \leq -15$ in the Virgo and Coma clusters could be bright disc galaxies transformed by effects of the environment. These tidally transformed galaxies can be selected according to their location in the $r_{b,e}/h$-$n$ plane.
Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Influence Factors of Carbon Emission from Livestock Industry in China

Animal husbandry is an important source of carbon emissions. As a large country, China must measure the carbon emissions from animal husbandry to reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics and determine the influencing factors to realize low-carbon animal husbandry and carbon emission reduction. In this paper, the carbon emissions of the livestock industry in each province of China were calculated with the emission coefficient method, considering the temperature change factor. The spatial and temporal characteristics and influencing factors of livestock industry carbon emissions were analyzed using the kernel density model, the spatial autocorrelation model, and the Tobit model. The results indicated that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, carbon emissions from the livestock industry in China experienced four stages: rapid rise, rapid decline, slow rise, and fluctuating decline, with an overall downward trend. Carbon emissions in the eastern and central regions showed a downward trend, while carbon emissions in the western regions showed an upward trend. (2) In terms of time, the relative gap in carbon emissions among the provinces narrowed first and then widened; the spatial agglomeration of carbon emissions from livestock farming in China increased, gradually forming the characteristics of “high agglomeration, low agglomeration”, and showing a gradually decreasing pattern from northwest to southeast. (3) Nationwide, industrial structure, population, and farmers’ income levels have had significantly promoting effects on animal husbandry carbon emissions, and the urbanization and agricultural mechanization levels have had significant inhibitory effects on carbon emissions. Finally, based on the above factors, it can be concluded that recognizing the location conditions, promoting the upgrading of industrial structures, and adopting differentiated strategies will help to promote the reduction in carbon emissions in animal husbandry and achieve its high-quality development.
Deep Node Ranking: Structural Network Embedding and End-to-End Node Classification

Complex networks are used as an abstraction for systems modeling in physics, biology, sociology, and other areas. We propose an algorithm, named Deep Node Ranking (DNR), based on fast personalized node ranking and raw approximation power of deep learning for learning supervised and unsupervised network embeddings as well as for classifying network nodes directly. The experiments demonstrate that the DNR algorithm is competitive with strong baselines on nine node classification benchmarks from the domains of molecular biology, finance, social media and language processing in terms of speed, as well as predictive accuracy. Embeddings, obtained by the proposed algorithm, are also a viable option for network visualization.
The 3XMM/SDSS Stripe 82 Galaxy Cluster Survey – II. X-ray and optical properties of the cluster sample

We present X-ray and optical properties of the optically confirmed galaxy cluster sample from the 3XMM/SDSS Stripe 82 cluster survey. The sample includes 54 galaxy clusters in the redshift range of 0.05–1.2, with a median redshift of 0.36. We first present the X-ray temperature and luminosity measurements that are used to investigate the X-ray luminosity–temperature relation. The slope and intercept of the relation are consistent with those published in the literature. Then, we investigate the optical properties of the cluster galaxies including their morphological analysis and the galaxy luminosity functions (GLFs). The morphological content of cluster galaxies is investigated as a function of cluster mass and distance from the cluster centre. No strong variation of the fraction of early- and late-type galaxies with cluster mass is observed. The fraction of early-type galaxies as a function of cluster radius varies as expected. The individual GLFs of red sequence galaxies were studied in the five ugriz bands for 48 clusters. The GLFs were then stacked in three mass bins and two redshift bins. Twenty clusters of the present sample are studied for the first time in X-rays, and all are studied for the first time in the optical range. Altogether, our sample appears to have X-ray and optical properties typical of ‘average’ cluster properties.
Explicit Chabauty–Kim theory for the thrice punctured line in depth 2

Let X=P1∖{0,1,∞} , and let S denote a finite set of prime numbers. In an article of 2005, Kim gave a new proof of Siegel's theorem for X : the set X(Z[S−1]) of S ‐integral points of X is finite. The proof relies on a ‘nonabelian’ version of the classical Chabauty method. At its heart is a modular interpretation of unipotent p ‐adic Hodge theory, given by a tower of morphisms hn between certain Qp ‐varieties. We set out to obtain a better understanding of h2 . Its mysterious piece is a polynomial in 2|S| variables. Our main theorem states that this polynomial is quadratic, and gives a procedure for writing its coefficients in terms of p ‐adic logarithms and dilogarithms.
Formation of hot Jupiters through secular chaos and dynamical tides

The population of giant planets on short-period orbits can potentially be explained by some flavours of high-eccentricity migration. In this paper, we investigate one such mechanism involving ‘secular chaos’, in which secular interactions between at least three giant planets push the inner planet to a highly eccentric orbit, followed by tidal circularization and orbital decay. In addition to the equilibrium tidal friction, we incorporate dissipation due to dynamical tides that are excited inside the giant planet. Using the method of Gaussian rings to account for planet–planet interactions, we explore the conditions for extreme eccentricity excitation via secular chaos and the properties of hot Jupiters formed in this migration channel. Our calculations show that once the inner planet reaches a sufficiently large eccentricity, dynamical tides quickly dissipate the orbital energy, producing an eccentric warm Jupiter, which then decays in semimajor axis through equilibrium tides to become a hot Jupiter. Dynamical tides help the planet avoid tidal disruption, increasing the chance of forming a hot Jupiter, although not all planets survive the process. We find that the final orbital periods generally lie in the range of 2–3 d, somewhat shorter than those of the observed hot Jupiter population. We couple the planet migration to the stellar spin evolution to predict the final spin-orbit misalignments. The distribution of the misalignment angles we obtain shows a lack of retrograde orbits compared to observations. Our results suggest that high-eccentricity migration via secular chaos can only account for a fraction of the observed hot Jupiter population.
Understanding redshift space distortions in density-weighted peculiar velocity

Observations of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect measure the density-weighted velocity field, a potentially powerful cosmological probe. This paper presents an analytical method to predict the power spectrum and two-point correlation function of the density-weighted velocity in redshift space, the direct observables in kSZ surveys. We show a simple relation between the density power spectrum and the density-weighted velocity power spectrum that holds for both dark matter and halos. Using this relation, we can then extend familiar perturbation expansion techniques to the kSZ power spectrum. One of the most important features of density-weighted velocity statistics in redshift space is the change in sign of the cross-correlation between the density and density-weighted velocity at mildly small scales due to nonlinear redshift space distortions. Our model can explain this characteristic feature without any free parameters. As a result, our results can precisely predict the non-linear behavior of the density-weighted velocity field in redshift space up to ∼ 30 h−1 Mpc for dark matter particles at the redshifts of z=0.0, 0.5, and 1.0.
Imposter Participants: Overcoming Methodological Challenges Related to Balancing Participant Privacy with Data Quality When Using Online Recruitment and Data Collection

In this paper we describe the lessons learned when untrustworthy participants were included in a qualitative interview study. In online research, participants can more easily misrepresent their identity and volunteer for studies even if they do not meet inclusion criteria. The term “imposter participant” refers to dishonest participants who completely fake their identities or simply exaggerate their experiences in order to participate in qualitative studies. Untrustworthy participants are a threat to data quality, yet little has been published on how qualitative researchers should prevent and handle this unique methodological challenge. In this paper, we provide a detailed account of how specific issues with the research design create methodological challenges related to participant honesty when participants self-identify as meeting study inclusion criteria and participate in a virtual interview. Through our experiences as a doctoral student and dissertation supervisor, we offer lessons learned relating to recruiting online participants, collecting virtual interview data, and analyzing data for a qualitative study. Our experiences and reflections might help other qualitative researchers, including doctoral candidates and their supervising committees, work with internal review boards to prevent imposter participants and thereby contribute to the trustworthiness of their research.
Convergence of $L^2$-norm based adaptive finite element method for elliptic optimal control problems

This paper aims to study the convergence of adaptive finite element method for control constrained elliptic optimal control problems under $L^2$-norm. We prove the contraction property and quasi-optimal complexity for the $L^2$-norm errors of both the control, the state and adjoint state variables with $L^2$-norm based AFEM, this is in contrast to and improve our previous work [13] where convergence of AFEM based on energy norm had been studied and suboptimal convergence for the control variable was obtained and observed numerically. For the discretization we use variational discretization for the control and piecewise linear and continuous finite elements for the state and adjoint state. Under mild assumptions on the initial mesh and the mesh refinement algorithm to keep the adaptive meshes sufficiently mildly graded we prove the optimal convergence of AFEM for the control problems, numerical results are provided to support our theoretical findings.
Nonlinear dynamics from the relativistic Boltzmann equation in the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker spacetime

The dissipative dynamics of an expanding massless gas with constant cross section in a spatially flat Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe is studied. The mathematical problem of solving the full nonlinear relativistic Boltzmann equation is recast into an infinite set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the moments of the one-particle distribution function. Momentum-space resolution is determined by the number of nonhydrodynamic modes included in the moment hierarchy, i.e., by the truncation order. We show that in the FLRW spacetime the nonhydrodynamic modes decouple completely from the hydrodynamic degrees of freedom. This results in the system flowing as an ideal fluid while at the same time producing entropy. The solutions to the nonlinear Boltzmann equation exhibit transient tails of the distribution function with nontrivial momentum dependence. The evolution of this tail is not correctly captured by the relaxation time approximation nor by the linearized Boltzmann equation. However, the latter probes additional high-momentum details unresolved by the relaxation time approximation. While the expansion of the FLRW spacetime is slow enough for the system to move towards (and not away from) local thermal equilibrium, it is not sufficiently slow for the system to actually ever reach complete local equilibrium. Equilibration is fastest in the relaxation time approximation, followed, in turn, by kinetic evolution with a linearized and a fully nonlinear Boltzmann collision term.