Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Dose Adjustment in Patients With Renal Impairment at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania

Background: The burden of renal diseases is increasing in developing countries like Tanzania. Drug accumulation exposes patients with renal impairment to drug toxicity that may lead to adverse drug reactions, poor adherence to treatment, and increased healthcare costs. There is limited information on the appropriateness of dosage regimen adjustment for patients with renal impairment, particularly in developing countries such as Tanzania. This study aimed to investigate the appropriateness of drug dosing in hospitalized patients with renal impairment in Tanzania. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. It was conducted between November 2019 and April 2020 amongst hospitalized patients at Muhimbili National Hospital. All enrolled patients had serum creatinine levels ≥1.2 mg/dL and taking at least one drug requiring dosage regimen adjustment. Creatinine clearance was calculated from patient serum creatinine using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Drug dosing appropriateness was determined by comparing the current practice with tertiary references. The relationship between the patient’s baseline characteristics and the rate of dosage regimen adjustment was determined using the X2 test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluated the predictors of dosing adjustment. Results: Most of the enrolled patients, 269 (98.9%) had comorbidities. Of the medication orders included in the final analysis, 372 (27%) needed dosage regimen adjustment. Out of the 372 medication orders, not adjusted were 168 (45.2%), inappropriately adjusted 105 (28.2%), and appropriately adjusted were only 99 (26.6%). In this study, 212 (77.9%) patients received at least one drug with an incorrect dosage regimen. Females and those with level 4 renal impairment patients were more likely to have their doses appropriately adjusted compared to their counterparts. Conclusions: In this study, about three-quarters of the patients received at least one drug with an incorrect dosage regimen. Thus, appropriate measures such as the availability of national guidelines and clinical decision support systems for drug dosing adjustment in patients’ renal impairment should be in place.
FaMYB5 Interacts with FaBBX24 to Regulate Anthocyanin and Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

MYB and BBX transcription factors play important roles in flavonoid biosynthesis. Here, we obtained transgenic woodland strawberry with stable overexpression of FaMYB5, demonstrating that FaMYB5 can increase anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin content in roots, stems and leaves of woodland strawberry. In addition, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays and yeast two-hybridization demonstrated that the N-terminal (1-99aa) of FaBBX24 interacts with FaMYB5. Transient co-expression of FaBBX24 and FaMYB5 in cultivated strawberry ‘Xiaobai’ showed that co-expression strongly promoted the expression of F3′H, 4CL-2, TT12, AHA10 and ANR and then increased the content of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin in strawberry fruits. We also determined that FaBBX24 is also a positive regulator of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in strawberry. The results reveal a novel mechanism by which the FaMYB5–FaBBX24 module collaboratively regulates anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin in strawberry fruit.
Investigating Fatigue and Its Relationship to Quality of Life and Pruritus in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

Cancer-related fatigue as a morbid state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion influencing everyday life is an important yet poorly investigated symptom in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of and the association between pruritus, quality of life, and fatigue in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome patients were invited to complete the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue) subscale questionnaire. Pruritus was assessed using the peak pruritus numeric rating scale. Half of the 38 recruited patients reported fatigue. 13 patients (34%) suffered from severe fatigue. The median (interquartile range) FACIT-Fatigue subscale score was 35.5 (25.75–43). The advanced disease stage was associated with more severe fatigue and a poorer quality of life. The FACIT-Fatigue subscale score was significantly correlated with quality of life (r = 0.8 and P < 0.0001). More than 80% of patients reported pruritus. There was no correlation between pruritus and fatigue (r = −0.19 and P = 0.26). All in all, fatigue is a common symptom of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas in early and advanced stage disease and has a strongly negative effect on cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients’ quality of life.
Fluctuations and phase transitions in quantum Ising systems

The quantum Ising model is perhaps the simplest possible model of a quantum magnetic material. Despite its simplicity, its versatility and wide range of applications, from quantum computation, to combinatorial optimization, to biophysics, make it one of the most important models of modern physics. In this thesis, we develop a general framework for studying quantum Ising systems with an arbitrary single ion Hamiltonian, with emphasis on the effects of quantum fluctuations, and the quantum phase transition between paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states that occurs when a magnetic field is applied transverse to the easy axis of the system. The magnetic insulating crystal LiHoF4 is a physical realization of the quantum Ising model, with the additional features that the dominant coupling between spins is the long range dipolar interaction, and each electronic spin is strongly coupled to a nuclear degree of freedom. These nuclear degrees of freedom constitute a spin bath environment acting on the system. In this thesis, we present an effective low temperature Hamiltonian for LiHoF4 that incorporates both these features, and we analyze the effects of the nuclear spin bath on the system. We find the lowest energy crystal field excitation in the system is gapped at the quantum critical point by the presence of the nuclear spins, with spectral weight being transferred down to a lower energy electronuclear mode that fully softens to zero at the quantum critical point. Furthermore, we present a toy model, the spin half spin half model, that illustrates the effects of an anisotropic hyperfine interaction on a quantum Ising system. We find the critical transverse field is increased when the longitudinal hyperfine coupling is dominant, as well as an enhancement of both the longitudinal electronic susceptibility and an applied longitudinal field. In addition, we present a field theoretic formalism for incorporating the effects of fluctuations beyond the random phase approximation in general quantum Ising systems. We find that any regular on site interaction, such as a nuclear spin bath, does not fundamentally alter the critical properties of a quantum Ising system. This formalism is used to calculate corrections to the magnetization of LiHoF4.
Improvement of restorer and maintainer lines in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by gamma radiation

Rice is a strictly self-pollinating crop. However, in hybrid rice seed production, an effective male sterility system is used to produce hybrid seed in bulk. In a hybrid rice system, the pollen grains of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines are sterile, and the female organ of the CMS depends on the fertile pollen released by the maintainer or restorer lines via out-crossing or cross-pollination to produce seeds. Floral traits and growth behavior of CMS and its corresponding maintainer and restorer lines are essential factors in hybrid rice seed production because they influence outcrossing or cross-pollination. Seeds of the 4 maintainer lines, or B lines, and the 5 restorer lines were treated with five gamma radiation doses: 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 Gy, to study their mutagenic effect on the growth, yield, and floral traits of these rice genotypes, as well as to induce genetic variability for selecting plants with desirable characters. Results showed that all growth, yield, and floral traits studied in the M1 generation decreased steadily with increasing doses of gamma rays when compared to the control. The dose of 300 Gy recorded the highest mean values for some growth, yield, and floral traits studied in the M2 generation when compared to the control. The genotype-dose interaction was significant and highly significant for all growth, yield, and floral traits studied in M1 and M2 segregating generations except for anther width in the M1 generation, which indicated that the tested genotypes varied from treatment to treatment. The highest values for growth and yield traits were recorded when using Giza 178, Giza 182, and the IR 58025B mutant with 300 Gy of gamma rays in the M2 segregating generation. And the highest values for floral traits were recorded when using Giza 182 and the IR 70368B mutant with 300 Gy of gamma rays in the M2 segregating generation. The measurements of variation were, in general, higher in the treated plants at M2 generation. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of the mean was recorded for most studied traits, suggesting the improvement of these characters through simple phenotypic selection. Used irradiation by gamma-ray exhibited different genetic variability for the development of restorer and maintainer lines, such as desirable plant height, early heading, and high yield plants. Also, improving floral traits such as the length and width of anthers, percentage of pollen fertility, number of pollen grains per anther, total stigma length, and stigma width
Short-term Momentum

We document a striking pattern in U.S. and international stock returns: double sorting on the previous month’s return and share turnover reveals significant short-term reversal among low-turnover stocks, whereas high-turnover stocks exhibit short-term momentum. Short-term momentum is as profitable and as persistent as conventional price momentum. It survives transaction costs and is strongest among the largest, most liquid, and most extensively covered stocks. Our results are difficult to reconcile with models imposing strict rationality but are suggestive of an explanation based on some traders underappreciating the information conveyed by prices.
Real-World User Demographics of Three Web-Based Digital Mental Health Interventions Provided by the US Department of Veterans Affairs: Observational Study Using Web Analytics Data

Background Unguided digital mental health interventions (UDMHIs) have the potential to provide low-cost and effective mental health care at scale. Controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of UDMHIs to address mental health symptoms and conditions. However, few previous publications have described the demographics of real-world users of UDMHIs that are freely available to the public. The US Department of Veterans Affairs has created and hosts several UDMHIs on its Veteran Training Portal website. These web-based, free-to-use, and publicly available UDMHIs include Path to Better Sleep, Anger and Irritability Management Skills, and Moving Forward, which focus on insomnia, problematic anger, and depression symptoms, respectively. Objective This study aimed to examine the user demographics of these 3 UDMHIs in the year 2021. In addition, it aimed to compare the age and gender distribution of the users of those 3 UDMHIs with one another and with the age and gender distribution of the total US veteran population. Methods Google Analytics was used to collect user data for each of the 3 UDMHIs. The age and gender distribution of the users of each UDMHI was compared with that of the other UDMHIs as well as with that of the overall US veteran population using chi-square tests. Information on the total number of users, the country they were in, and the devices they used to access the UDMHIs was also collected and reported. Results In 2021, the 3 UDMHIs together recorded 29,306 unique users. The estimated age range and gender were available for 24.12% (7068/29,306) of those users. Each UDMHI’s age and gender distribution significantly differed from that of the other UDMHIs and from that of the overall US veteran population (P<.001 on all chi-square tests). Women and younger age groups were overrepresented among UDMHI users compared with the overall US veteran population. The majority of devices used to access the UDMHIs were desktop or laptop devices, although a substantial proportion of devices used were mobile devices (10,199/29,752, 34.28%). Most users (27,789/29,748, 93.41%) were located in the United States, with users from Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia accounting for another 2.61% (775/29,748) of total users. Conclusions Our use of Google Analytics data provided useful information about the users of 3 free and publicly available UDMHIs provided by the US Department of Veterans Affairs. Although our findings should be considered in light of the limitations of autonomously collected web analytics data, they still offer useful information for health care policy makers, administrators, and UDMHI developers.
The Impact of Motivation, Educational Background, and Financial Incentives on Students' Career Aspirations in the Sharia Banking Sector

The purpose of this research was to ascertain the impact of motivation, educational attainment, and financial incentives on students majoring in Islamic Banking at the Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, State Islamic University Satu Tulungagung's desire in pursuing a career in the Islamic banking sector. The sort of associative research used in this study is approached quantitatively. The Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business's student body of 87 respondents from the study sample of students majoring in Islamic Banking was utilized to gather the research's data. The validity and reliability test, normality test, traditional assumption test, multiple linear regression test, t-test (partial), F test (simultaneous), and coefficient of determination test (R2) are the data analysis techniques employed. The study's findings indicate that (1) motivation has a favorable and considerable impact on career interest in the Islamic banking sector, both partly and concurrently. (2) A person's educational background has a favorable and substantial impact on their desire in a job in the Islamic banking sector. (3) Financial benefits considerably and favorably influence career interest in the Islamic banking sector. (4) Interest in a job in the Islamic banking sector is favorably and considerably influenced by motivation, educational background, and financial appreciation.
Effect of Nursing Instructions on Mothers' Knowledge and Practice of Colostomy Care

Background and aim: Colostomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating an opening in the abdominal wall to divert the flow of stool from the colon to a stoma. This procedure can have a profound impact on the lives of pediatric patients and their families, requiring specialized care and support. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Nursing Instructions on Mothers' Knowledge and Practice of Colostomy Care. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used. A purposive sample of 60 mothers of children with colostomy was selected from the pediatric surgical unit at Cairo Specialized Pediatric Hospital. first 30 mothers considered control group and second 30 mothers considered as the study group, two tools were used a structured interview questionnaire and mothers' knowledge and observational checklist regarding colostomy to collect data, Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the study and control groups regarding knowledge and practice total mean scores (p < 0.005), with higher total mean scores in the study group than in the control group. Conclusion: mothers who receive nursing instruction related colostomy care have higher mean score of knowledge and practice than mothers who receive hospital routine care.
FIB‑4 index and serum α‑fetoprotein are useful predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence in hepatitis B patients with nucleos(t)ide analogs therapy

Current antiviral therapies cannot achieve eradication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and can reduce but not eliminate the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic HBV infection. The present study aimed to identify the risk factors for HCC development by analyzing nucleoside analogue (NA)-treated patients as a retrospective cohort using fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4 index) as a non-invasive fibrosis marker. A total of 260 patients with HBV receiving NAs without a history of HCC between January 2001 and January 2021 were included in the present study. The incidence of HCC in patients with HBV during NA therapy and the factors contributing to HCC occurrence were identified using clinical characteristics and blood test results. Among the 260 patients, 40 patients (15.4%) developed HCC. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that age [hazard ratio (HR), 1.03; P=0.045], male sex (HR, 3.14; P<0.01) and FIB-4 index at 6 months after NA treatment <1.95 (HR, 4.35; P<0.01) correlated with the incidence of HCC. The cumulative incidence of HCC in patients with FIB-4 index at 6 months after NA treatment >1.95 was significantly higher compared with that in patients with FIB-4 index ≤1.95 (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis in patients in which serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level at 6 months after NA treatment was measured showed that FIB-4 index >1.95 (HR, 8.27; P=0.014) and serum AFP level >4 ng/ml (HR, 4.26; P=0.033) contributed to HCC occurrence. FIB-4 index at 6 months after NA treatment and serum AFP levels at 6 months after NA treatment were predictors for the development of HCC in patients with HBV during NA treatment. Further study of hepatocarcinogenesis during NA with a longer follow-up period and larger numbers of participants is required.
Brownian diffusion in a dilute field of traps is Fickean but non-Gaussian

Motivated by experimental observations, we look for the diffusion of Brownian particles in a medium where they can be either trapped in randomly disposed deep traps or where they diffuse by the regular Fick's law outside of the traps. This process can be represented by two coupled equations-one valid inside the traps and another one outside-yielding the probability distribution of the distance run as a function of time. This probability depends on a unique dimensionless parameter λ which is proportional to the product of the (small) density of the traps times the long time of staying in the traps. The mean-square displacement is proportional to the lag time, and for finite or large λ the probability density is no longer Gaussian but exponential on intermediate time scales.
Adolescent Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Interplay of Age, Gender, and Mental Health Outcomes in Two Consecutive Cross-Sectional Surveys in Northern Italy

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on the mental health and well-being of adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the development of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health among adolescents in Northern Italy by comparing cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2021 and 2022, with a particular focus on the influence of age and gender. The sample included adolescents aged 11–19 years from public schools in South Tyrol. Validated psychometric instruments were used to assess HRQoL, anxiety and depression symptoms, and psychosomatic complaints. Sociodemographic variables, COVID-19 burden, and pandemic-related factors were measured. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, correlation coefficients, and logistic regression analyses. The results indicated that while the self-reported burden of adolescents decreased significantly in 2022 (n = 1885) compared to 2021 (n = 1760), there were no significant differences in symptoms of anxiety, depressive symptoms, low HRQoL, and increased psychosomatic complaints between the two surveys for both early and late adolescents. Females consistently had higher percentages for all outcome variables, and symptoms of anxiety increased with age in females, but not in males. Both genders experienced an increase in depressive symptoms and low HRQoL with age. The co-occurrence of mental health outcomes was observed, suggesting overlapping patterns among anxiety, depression, low HRQoL, and psychosomatic complaints. These findings underscore the intricate relationship between age, gender, and mental health outcomes among adolescents during the pandemic. It is important to recognize that late adolescents may exhibit distinct vulnerabilities and may require tailored support approaches to address their specific mental health challenges, differing from those needed for early adolescents.
Comparison of two ellipsoidal models for the estimation of left ventricular end-systolic stress in patients with significant coronary artery disease

Background: The shape of the left ventricle (LV) is an important index to explore cardiac pathophysiology. A comparison was provided to estimate circumferential, longitudinal, and radial wall stress in LV based on the thick-walled ellipsoidal models of Mirsky and Ghista-Sandler for discriminating significant coronary artery disease (CAD) patients from no CAD patients. Materials and Methods: According to the angiography findings, 82 patients with CAD were divided into two groups: 25 patients without significant CAD and 57 patients with significant CAD of single vessel and multivessel. An ellipsoidal LV geometry was used to calculate end-systolic passive stress as the mechanical behavior of LV. Echocardiographic views-based measurements of LV diameters used to estimate the end-systolic wall stress. Results: Circumferential wall stress between the control group and significant CAD groups was significantly elevated for the Ghista model (P = 0.008); also, radial and longitudinal stress of the multi-vessel CAD group was significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.01 and P = 0.005, respectively). All stress parameters of the multi-vessel CAD group were statistically significant compared to the control group for the Mirsky model. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was shown the circumferential stress of multi-vessel CAD with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.736 for the Ghista model and an AUC of 0.742 for the Mirsky model. Conclusion: These results indicated that Ghista and Mirsky model estimates of circumferential passive stress were the potential biomechanical markers to predict patients with multi-vessel CAD. It could be a noninvasive and helpful tool to quantify the contractility of LV.
Keep it Simple: Central Bank Communication and Asset Prices

This paper studies the impact of different types and styles of Bank of England Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) communication on asset prices (stock prices, gilt yields and interest rate futures) from 1999-2023. We extend MPC communication to include MPC speeches and find MPC speeches to be an important driver of asset prices. We also show that complex and ambiguous communication leads to greater asset price volatility than simple and clear communication. Central banks that want to avoid generating volatility in financial markets should keep it simple. Our results suggest that by ignoring the type and style of monetary policy communication, the previous literature has disregarded an important source of variation in asset prices