Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of automation transparency on trust and diagnostic decision making with an automated decision aid during medical emergencies

Automated decision aids have the potential to improve decision making performance and reduce errors in complex decision making, such as during a medical emergency. However, since the reliability of such automated systems is imperfect, it gives rise to the problem of automation disuse and misuse, which is a result of miscalibrated trust in the system. Furthermore, when the system eventually commits an error, trust and acceptance is reduced and can only recover slowly. This study investigates if diagnostic performance can be increased by improving trust calibration, trust drop after failure experience and trust recovery through the introduction of automation transparency features. A transparent automation is one that provides the user with insights into the internal processes that produce its outcomes. In the main experiment, novice doctors in a simulated emergency diagnosis task used decision aids with different transparency configurations, manipulated by the presence of two transparency features, a list of Key Diagnostic Cues that explain its recommendation and a Likelihood Rating that displays how likely the aid thinks its recommendation is correct. No significant evidence that appropriate trust in the aid’s recommendation was improved by the transparency configuration was found. Instead, Likelihood Ratings had reduced diagnostic confidence during appropriate reliance and the transparency features had intensified the trust drop and corresponding confidence decrement from the experience of error. Nonetheless, Key Diagnostic Cues were found to decrease confidence during distrust while Likelihood Ratings was found to improve trust recovery to the point where it was better than the initial trust. Although transparency features could intensify mistrust immediately after the automation has committed an error, such automated aids should still possess features that provide transparency as it can improve overall trust in the system, especially over long term usage. [INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]
Clinical Presentation, Electrocardiographic Findings, and Factors Related to the Hospitalization In Mad-Honey Intoxication

Objectives Mad-honey intoxication (MHI) often presents with all kinds of bradyarrhythmias. Despite numerous publications focused on clinical findings, we aim to evaluate poor prognostic implications, ischemia likely electrocardiography (ECG) changes, and detailed ECG findings of MHI in the largest series. Methods This is a retrospective single-center study of 117 MHI patients admitted to emergency service. Results The study had 26 (22.2%) females (median 52.5 years) and 91 (77.8%) males (median 51.0 years). Fifty-six (47.9%) patients had ischemia likely changes on ECG. Multivariate model demonstrated that beta-blocker usage (odds ratio (OR): 52.871; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.618-772.554 (p=0.004)), atrioventricular junctional rhythm (AVJR) (OR: 5.319; 95%CI: 1.090-25.949 (p=0.039)), and quantity of mad-honey consumption (OR: 1.035; 95% CI: 1.008-1.063 (p=0.011)) are predictors of hospitalization. ROC curve analysis showed cutoff value of mad-honey consumption quantity 24.79 g had 57% sensitivity and 68% specificity for predicting hospitalization (AUC: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.55-0.816, p=0.027). In addition, all hospitalized cases were male. Conclusion Our study has shown that male gender, AVJR, the quantity of mad-honey consumption, and beta-blocker usage are high-risk criteria for hospitalization in MHI patients. Furthermore, ischemia likely ECG changes is often observed with MHI even independently from hypotension or bradycardia.
Association between Hepatic Oxidative Stress Related Factors and Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in NAFLD-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Simple Summary Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may reduce the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are first-line therapeutic agents for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Following gadoxetate-enhanced MRI, HCC lesions may exhibit equal or higher signal intensities in the hepatobiliary phase than normal tissue. Thus, MRI could be used to monitor the therapeutic effect of antitumor agents. In this study, we investigated the relationship between intrahepatic iron overload markers and oxidative stress and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We found that for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-induced HCC, MRI yielded a sensitivity of 57.2% and a specificity of 100%. Serum ferritin > 77.5 ng/mL had a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 85.7%. We conclude that serum ferritin levels may further improve the accuracy with which activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling can be predicted. Abstract We investigated the association between iron overload, oxidative stress (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine: 8-oxo-dG scores), Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation (expression of glutamine synthetase: GS), and tumor hyperintensity in the Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI hepatobiliary phase (relative enhancement ratio: RER). This was a retrospective analysis of 94 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who underwent surgical resection. In HBV-, HCV-, and alcohol-associated HCC, serum ferritin levels in the high and low RER groups were equivalent. In contrast, ferritin levels were elevated in the ‘high RER’ group of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-HCC. As predictors of GS positivity, high RER had a sensitivity of 57.2% and a specificity of 100%. High serum ferritin had a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 85.7%. All cases with serum ferritin ≥275.5 ng/mL and high RER were 8-oxo-dG- and iron staining-positive. Additionally, GS positivity was seen in all cases with “serum ferritin levels above the upper limits or iron staining-positive” and ‘8-oxo-dG high’ cases. Therefore, combining serum ferritin levels with RER may increase the accuracy with which activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling is predicted in NAFLD-HCC. We suggest that 8-oxo-dG accumulates following increased oxidative stress due to hepatic tissue iron deposition; this may activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and trigger carcinogenesis.
Self-Consistency and Self-Enhancement Motivation Impacts on Selective Exposure to Politics — A SESAM Model Application

ABSTRACT Building on the SESAM model, influences of self-consistency motivation (evident in bias toward partisanship-consistent messages) and self-enhancement motivation (evident in same-group bias) on selective exposure to political messages were hypothesized. A selective exposure experiment (N = 113) displayed political messages on eight topics, with messages associated either with male or female authors. Selective exposure patterns demonstrated both partisan bias and same-gender bias. Corroborating the notion that self-enhancement motivation affects exposure to even political content, identity importance and perceptions of public esteem were associated with longer exposure times for messages from same-gender authors.
An Empirical Study on the Effects of Temporal Trends in Spatial Patterns on Animated Choropleth Maps

Animated cartographic visualization incorporates the concept of geomedia presented in this Special Issue. The presented study aims to examine the effectiveness of spatial pattern and temporal trend recognition on animated choropleth maps. In a controlled laboratory experiment with participants and eye tracking, fifteen animated maps were used to show a different spatial patterns and temporal trends. The participants’ task was to correctly detect the patterns and trends on a choropleth map. The study results show that effective spatial pattern and temporal trend recognition on a choropleth map is related to participants’ visual behavior. Visual attention clustered in the central part of the choropleth map supports effective spatio-temporal relationship recognition. The larger the area covered by the fixation cluster, the higher the probability of correct temporal trend and spatial pattern recognition. However, animated choropleth maps are more suitable for presenting temporal trends than spatial patterns. Understanding the difficulty in the correct recognition of spatio-temporal relationships might be a reason for implementing techniques that support effective visual searches such as highlighting, cartographic redundancy, or interactive tools. For end-users, the presented study reveals the necessity of the application of a specific visual strategy. Focusing on the central part of the map is the most effective strategy for the recognition of spatio-temporal relationships.
Relationship between the Chromosome Structural Dynamics and Gene Expression—A Chicken and Egg Dilemma?

Prokaryotic transcription was extensively studied over the last half-century. A great deal of data has been accumulated regarding the control of gene expression by transcription factors regulating their target genes by binding at specific DNA sites. However, there is a significant gap between the mechanistic description of transcriptional control obtained from in vitro biochemical studies and the complexity of transcriptional regulation in the context of the living cell. Indeed, recent studies provide ample evidence for additional levels of complexity pertaining to the regulation of transcription in vivo, such as, for example, the role of the subcellular localization and spatial organization of different molecular components involved in the transcriptional control and, especially, the role of chromosome configurational dynamics. The question as to how the chromosome is dynamically reorganized under the changing environmental conditions and how this reorganization is related to gene expression is still far from being clear. In this article, we focus on the relationships between the chromosome structural dynamics and modulation of gene expression during bacterial adaptation. We argue that spatial organization of the bacterial chromosome is of central importance in the adaptation of gene expression to changing environmental conditions and vice versa, that gene expression affects chromosome dynamics.
Right ventricular diastolic function predicts clinical atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft

Background: Patients with moderate-severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery are at high risk of mortality and morbidity. Our aim is to evaluate the right ventricular (RV) diastolic function in these patients, and monitor its effects on postoperation outcomes. Materials and Methods: In a cohort study, patients with moderate-severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35%) who were candidate for CABG were included. Baseline transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed, and RV diastolic function measures were obtained. After CABG, the length of intubation, inotrope dependency, hospital stay in intensive care unit and ward, in-hospital and after discharge mortality, postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) were evaluated in all patients. Results: Sixty-seven patients were prospectively included in the study. The mean ± standard deviation age of our patients was 61.4 ± 9.3. There was no difference between grades of RV diastolic function and postoperative outcomes. However, we found significant difference between grades of RV diastolic function and onset of in hospital, and total POAF (P-value = 0.017). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that preoperative tricuspidEt/E’t (ratio of peak early-diastolic flow rate across the tricuspid valve orifice to peak early-diastolic velocity at the lateral tricuspid annulus), left atrial volume and “high risk” Euroscore II were independent predictors for POAF during hospitalization and total POAF in patients with moderate to severely impaired left ventricular systolic function (P-values were 0.04, 0.003 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: We believe that patients with increased tricuspid Et/E’t are high risk for POAF; therefore, any risk score for POAF should include a comprehensive TTE including evaluation of RV diastolic function before surgery.
Challenges and affordances of reading and writing development in technology-assisted language learning

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to investigate and confirm the efficacy of educational technologies that could facilitate reading and writing development (affordances). It also investigates and reports on problems with these educational technologies that could limit reading and writing development (challenges) in a technology-assisted language learning (TALL) environment. One hundred sixty-five Web of Science and Scopus indexed journal articles published between 2015 and 2021 on reading and writing development in TALL contexts were included in the study based on predetermined exclusion-inclusion criteria. Pedagogically, the findings inform language teachers who seek a better understanding of available tools, strategies and activities in TALL to facilitate reading and writing development. In addition, the findings shed light on future research trends and highlight the theoretical and pedagogical challenges that need to be addressed in future studies to overcome the reported limitations and problems.
Dynamic Seat Assessment for Enabled Restlessness of Children with Learning Difficulties

Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) face a range of learning difficulties in the school environment, thus several strategies have been developed to enhance or optimise their performance in school. One possible way is to actively enable appropriate restlessness using dynamic seats. In this paper, an assessment of the efficacy of a dynamic seat while solving school task is presented and compared to classic chair and therapy ball. To test the effectiveness of active seat, a study that examined task solving performance while observing the intensity of movement, in-seat behaviour and psychophysiological responses (electrodermal activity, facial temperature) was designed. A total of 23 school-aged children participated in the study, 11 children with a combined type of ADHD and 12 children without disorders. Children with ADHD achieved the best results when sitting in the active seat, where the most intense movement and best in-seat behaviour was observed. At the same time, psychophysiological parameters indicate that when performing better at the task children with ADHD were not too challenged and were consequently less agitated. Results have suggested that for a better cognitive performance of children with ADHD, it is crucial to provide a comfortable and pleasant workspace that enables them the right amount of restlessness.
Assessing the Spatial Mapping of Heat Vulnerability under Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect in the Dhaka Metropolitan Area

The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon gets intensified in the process of urbanization, which increases the vulnerability of urban dwellers to heatwaves. The UHI-induced vulnerability to heatwaves has increased in Bangladesh during past decades. Thus, this study aims to examine the UHI and vulnerability to heatwaves in the city of Dhaka using a heat vulnerability index (HVI). The HVI is constructed using various demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental risk variables at thana level. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the 26 normalized variables for each of the 41 thanas of Dhaka to prepare the HVI. Result shows that more than 60% of the city is under built-up areas, while vegetation cover and water bodies are in low proportion. Analysis of HVI shows that the very high- and high-risk zones comprise 6 and 11 thanas, while low- and very low-risk zones comprise only 5 and 8 thanas. The correlation of HVI with variables such as exposure (0.62) and sensitivity (0.80) was found to be highly positive, while adaptive capacity had a negative correlation (−0.26) with the HVI. Findings of this study can be utilized in the mitigation of UHI phenomenon and maintaining the thermal comfort of Dhaka.
Benchmarking Scalable Predictive Uncertainty in Text Classification

This paper explores the question of how predictive uncertainty methods perform in practice in Natural Language Processing, specifically multi-class and multi-label text classification. We conduct benchmarking experiments with 1-D convolutional neural networks and pre-trained transformers on six real-world text classification datasets in which we empirically investigate why popular scalable uncertainty estimation strategies (Monte-Carlo Dropout, Deep Ensemble) and notable extensions (Heteroscedastic, Concrete Dropout) underestimate uncertainty. We motivate that uncertainty estimation benefits from combining posterior approximation procedures, linking it to recent research on how ensembles and variational Bayesian methods navigate the loss landscape. We find that our proposed method combination of Deep Ensemble with Concrete Dropout, by analysis of in- domain calibration, cross-domain classification, and novel class robustness, demonstrates superior performance, even at a smaller ensemble size. Our results corroborate the importance of fine-tuning dropout rate to the text classification task at hand, which individually and as an ensemble impacts model robustness. We observe in ablation that pre-trained transformers severely underperform in novelty detection, limiting the applicability of transfer learning when distribution shift from novel classes can be expected.
Olivine Morphology and Fabric During Diffusion Creep: Pure Shear Experiments

We deformed aggregates of Fe‐free olivine +20 vol% diopside in pure shear to study olivine grain morphology and fabric during diffusion creep. Samples were each deformed to a strain of around 0.7 at different temperatures and experimental durations, which resulted in different grain sizes among the samples due to grain growth. The sample microstructures were observed from each of the three principal stress directions, which revealed various 3D grain morphologies among the samples. Samples with tabular grains displayed a crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) in olivine, while samples with weakly anisotropic grains had uniform CPOs. The CPO patterns vary from AG‐type (i.e., a uniaxial [010] concentration in the direction of sample shortening) to A‐type (i.e [010] and [100] concentrations in the directions of sample shortening and stretching, respectively), with intermediate types being the most common. The transition from AG‐ to A‐type fabrics is accompanied by a change from oblate to prolate grain morphologies. We explain the direct correlation between the olivine morphology and fabrics based on preferential grain‐boundary sliding (GBS) at boundaries with fewer steps (ledges). Oblate morphologies with well‐developed grain boundaries oriented parallel to (010) provide easy GBS along (010) and [h0l] planes and directions, respectively, while relatively prolate morphologies with boundaries parallel to (010) that are elongated along [100] provide easy GBS along (010) and [100] planes and directions, respectively. Boundaries form parallel to a particular crystallographic plane through differential grain growth in the directions of the crystallographic axes. Such grain growth causes fabric transitions during diffusion creep.
The long road to secondary school: background, home learning environment, and transition difficulties in Scotland

ABSTRACT This paper explores the association between children’s difficulty in moving to secondary school and their family background. School transition difficulty is associated with a range of poor outcomes in young people, but studies have rarely taken a fully longitudinal perspective or looked in detail at inequalities in transition processes. This perspective can unpack the long-term processes behind any inequalities in such difficulties. We use longitudinal data from the Growing Up in Scotland survey to model school transition difficulty at age 12 using ordinary least squares regression models. We adopt a multidimensional approach to social background, taking account of social class, parental education, and household income. All three dimensions, especially income, are associated with school transition difficulty. This social gradient is not explained by differences in the home learning environment, school engagement at primary level or cognitive development in early to middle childhood. Results show the limits of agency-based measures, like school engagement and home learning, in explaining inequality and children’s disadvantage in school. Results also show the importance of adopting a multidimensional approach to family background when analysing inequality in education, regardless of the outcome.
A Computational Method for Evaluation of Added Mass and Damping of Ship Based on CFD Theory

The computation of ship added mass and damping is crucial to accurately predict ship motion in waves.Based on CFD theory,a method including both numerical simulation and analysis for ship added mass and damping was outlined for ship oscillating in waves.The computational results of added mass and damping coefficients of ship sections were obtained which agree well with the corresponding ones of potential theory.It is of great significance to further analyze and predict ship motion in waves.
Plant products with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity for insect control

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are widely used in Alzheimer’s treatment, but they are also crucial for their action on organophosphorus insecticides. The latter exert their toxicity by inhibiting the AChE enzyme in insects, leading to their death. Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have been proven to be potent AChE inhibitors. In the present study methanolic extracts and essential oils being obtained from species of Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae and Amaryllidaceae were evaluated in vitro for AChE inhibitory activity. Ellman’s colourimetric method, with modifications, was used for AChE activity evaluation. According to the activity level, the tested plant products were divided into three categories. First: plant products with strong activity comparable to that of galanthamine; second: plant products with medium activity, with IC50 value about 1 mg/ml and the last group with low activity, with IC50 value greater than 1 mg/ml. Essential oils of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum Ietswaart. , Satureja pilosa Vel. , Monarda fistulosa L. , Thymus longedentatus (Degen & Urum.) Ronniger and the methanolic extract of Leucojum aestivum L. showed the most potent activity and were referred to as the first group. Carvacrol was identified as the main component of the most active essential oils. In L. aestivum extract, galanthamine was found as the main alkaloid. The obtained results indicate that essential oils and alkaloid-rich plant extracts possess the strongest AChE inhibitory activity. This gives us a reason to recommend these plant products to be tested for insecticidal activity in the future.
Hope and Resilience Related to Fear of COVID-19 in Young People

In the face of the psychological crisis of fear caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is relevant to know the positive impact of hope and resilience during this context. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between hope and resilience with fear of COVID-19 in young people. The design was non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational. The sample consisted of 192 young people living in Metropolitan Lima, Peru. We used the Hope-Despair Questionnaire, the Resilience Scale, and the COVID-19 Fear Questionnaire. The results show that there is a significant correlation between hope, resilience, and fear of COVID-19 in young people. On the other hand, a significant difference was found in resilience according to gender. Likewise, it was found that the variables hope and resilience explain 81% (R2 adjusted) of the fear of COVID-19 (F test = 21.53; p < 0.01). Hope and resilience are protective factors that have a positive impact when facing the fear of COVID-19. Thus, policies, programs, and public health strategies related to positive mental health should be promoted, with emphasis on hope and resilience.