Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATION OF SOME GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN SOME HULLESS BARLEY GENOTYPES UNDER NORMAL AND WATER STRESS CONDITIONS

This investigation was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, ARC, Egypt during the two growing seasons (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). Seven lines and three testers were used to develop barley hybrids for yield and its components under normal and water stress conditions. Through this study, general and specific combining ability, genetic parameters, heritability and genetic advance from selection were studied for plant height (cm), spike length (cm), no. of spikes/plant (spike), no. of grains/spike (grain), 100-grain weight (g), grain yield/plant (g) and drought susceptibility index. Data revealed that most of the variance due to the lines, testers and line x testers were highly significant for most studied traits. The estimates of GCA effect indicated that, parent L6 considered as good combiners for no. of grains/spike, 100-grain weight and grain yield/plant under the two conditions and their combined, spike length and no. of spikes/plant under stress condition. Also, the parent L2 for plant height and parent T2 for 100-grain weight are considered as good combiner under the two conditions and their combined. For SCA estimates, results indicated that the crosses; 14 for plant height under normal condition, 10, 11 for spike length, 3, 17 for no. of spikes/plant under stress condition and cross 17 for grain yield /plant under the two conditions and their combined considered as the best crosses for these traits. Heritability values in broad sense values were found to be moderate to high in magnitude for most of the studied characters. On the other side, heritability values in narrow sense were found to be low to moderate in these traits. Finally, the top crosses no. 12 and 17 conceder as the best crosses for under study, so using it in breeding program for high yielding under normal water stress would be useful.
Association of bovine uterine involution disturbances with serum neuropeptide concentrations

Background and Aim: Puerperal diseases influence fertility and should be diagnosed as soon as possible. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of serum concentrations of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and interleukin (IL)1β in the early diagnosis of uterine involution disturbances. Materials and Methods: Blood serum samples of 86 dairy cows from six different farms were harvested within the first 20 days after calving from cows with uterine involution disturbances and healthy controls, respectively. Serum concentrations for SP, VIP, and IL-1β were determined using commercially available ELISA test kits. Statistical analyses included timely changes in blood serum levels and group comparisons of healthy cows and cows with uterine disease. Results: SP concentrations increased significantly within 20 days after calving (p<0.04) with no significant difference observed between the groups. Moreover, no significant differences were found between VIP and log IL-1β. Conclusion: Results showed that none of the examined serum parameters seems suitable as indicator of uterine involution disorders. Due to the timely changes in serum concentrations of SP after calving, a correlation to diseases might not be precluded. Further research is needed as regards the establishment of normative values concerning this parameter.
On the identity of the genera Anagraphis Simon, 1893 and Macedoniella Drensky, 1935 with two new synonyms (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)

Examination of the type material of the forgotten species Liocranum ochraceum Simon, 1867 reveals this species has to be transferred to the genus Anagraphis comb. nov. and that Anagraphis pallida (Hadjissarantos, 1940) is its junior synonym (syn. nov.). Furthermore, the monotypic genus Macedoniella Drensky, 1935 is a junior synonym of Anagraphis and M. karamani a junior synonym of Anagraphis ochraceum (L. Koch, 1867) (syn. nov.).
Small Molecule Modulators of Amyloid Formation by Islet Amyloid Polypeptide

The polypeptide hormone Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP, amylin) is responsible for islet amyloid formation in type 2 diabetes and in islet cell transplants, where it may contribute to graft failure. Human IAPP is extremely amyloidogenic and fewer inhibitors of amyloid formation by IAPP have been reported than for the Alzheimer’s A peptide or for -synuclein. The ability of a set of hydroxyflavones to inhibit IAPP amyloid formation was tested. Fluorescence detected thioflavin-T binding assays are the most popular method for interpreting the kinetics of amyloid formation and for screening potential inhibitors; however, we show that they can lead to false positives with hydroxyflavones. Several of the compounds inhibit thioflavin-T fluorescence, but not amyloid formation; a result which highlights the hazards of relying solely on thio flavin-T assays to screen potential inhibitors. Transmission electron microscopy shows that Morin hydrate (2′,3,4′,5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone) inhibits amyloid formation by human IAPP and disaggregates pre-formed IAPP amyloid fibers. In contrast, Myricetin, Kaempferol and Quercetin, which differ only in substitutions on the B ring, are not effective inhibitors. Morin hydrate represents a new type of IAPP amyloid inhibitor and the results with the other compounds highlight the importance of the substitution pattern on the B ring.
The Effect of Meanders on the Kinetic Energy Balance of the Gulf Stream

Calculations have been made, using surface velocity observations, of the horizontal transfer of kinetic energy from meanders to mean flow at two separate localities in the Gulf Stream System. In both cases, it was found that there was a surface flow of kinetic energy from the meanders to the mean flow, exactly opposite to what would be expected if the meanders were frictionally driven. The observations suggest that the meanders derive energy from sources other than the kinetic energy of the mean flow. The role of the meanders in relation to the mean Gulf Stream appears analogous to that of large-scale eddies in relation to the general circulation of the atmosphere. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1961. tb00100.x
Effects of field high temperature on grain yield and quality of a subtropical type japonica rice—Pon-Lai rice

Abstract Typical japonica type rice is sensitive to high temperature. Pon-Lai rice is a special japonica type with adaptation to the subtropical climate in Taiwan. Facing climate change, rising temperatures would damage the yield and quality of rice production. This research was conducted using Pon-Lai rice in the field of a subtropical climate. We conducted 2 experiments, including a year-round experiment and collection of samples from different districts for building different temperature conditions. We analyzed the correlation between rising temperature and rice yield or quality. In our results, the critical period of temperature effect is 0–15 days after heading (H15). The threshold of high temperature damage in yield and appearance quality was 25–27 °C. Grain weight decreased about 2–6%, while the temperature of H15 was raised 1 °C above the thresholds. Perfect grain ratio and chalky grain ratio decreased and increased, respectively, while the temperature of H15 was raised above the thresholds. However, the high temperature in H15 affected the physicochemical characteristics. In addition, we found positive correlation between grain length to width ratio and perfect grain ratio. Grain length to width ratio could be an index of temperature effects for grain quality. In our study, when the temperature was below 30 °C, a rising temperature of H15 could damage rice yield and appearance quality, and change grain shape. Our results could provide reference for dealing with the warming future in other temperate rice-cultivated countries.
BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF JELLY FISH CRAMBIONELLA STUHALMANNI (CHUN, 1896) AND CHRYSAORA QUINQUECIRRHA (DESOR, 1848)

Venom extracts were obtained from C. stuhalmanni and C. quinquicirrha showed protein content 394 µgmL‐1and 252 µgmL‐1 respectively. In SDS‐ PAGE, molecular weight with 9 clear bands of 14, 25, 35, 31, 40, 65, 69, 75 and 85 kDa in C. stuhalmanni and 8 clear bands of 14, 26, 35, 30, 45, 55, 70 and 80 kDa in C. quinquicirrha crude extracts. Hemolytic assay from two nematocysts venom on human blood, goat blood showed 32 HU, 16 HU and 64 HU, 32 HU in C. stuhalmanni and C. quinquicirrha respectively. In toxicity assay minimum lethal doses of both crude samples showed 0.5 ml per 10 ± 2gm in Ocypoda crab and 1.0ml, at 1.10 ± 0.03 and 1.56 ± 0.03 min & sec in mice respectively. Analgesic ratio of both extracts in hot plate and tail flick method were found to be significant. Inhibition of writhing response and CNS depressant activity percentage were 35%, 55% and 90%, 95% in C. Stuhalmanni and C. quinquecirrha extracts. Decrease in licking time and licking frequency by the mice in formalin test and also showed prompt anti‐inflammatory activity. Thus the venom of two jelly fishes is found to be useful tools for probing biological or pharmacological activity.
Ecological Implications of Using Thresholds for Weed Management

Various types of thresholds have been developed for weed management in an attempt to provide a more rational approach to decision making. The economic threshold concept was originally developed for management of arthropod pests, and is based on an understanding of arthropod population biology. Adoption of a management strategy for weeds that was developed for maintaining arthropod populations below a damaging level, referred to as the economic injury level or EIL, is not ecologically sound. Many of the factors that regulate populations of the two types of pest are different. For arthropod management the economic threshold (ET) is defined as the pest population at which treatment should be initiated to stop the population from increasing to the EIL. Weed science has adopted the ET to be the same as the EIL; this leads to maintenance of a relatively high seed bank as weeds at or below the ET density are allowed to produce seed. Research where weed seed production was accurately determined in corn, sugarbeets, alfalfa and other crops is now suggesting that several important weed species should be managed so that they do not produce seed. I am proposing that a new threshold called a no seed threshold, or NST, should be established for such weeds. Application of the ET concept to an invading weed species is disastrous as it leads to establishment of the seedbank before any control action is taken; for an invading species that is expanding its range the use of NST seems more appropriate. Progressive farmers in California have adopted NST for management of weeds. These farmers claim that the strategy is economically superior to that using single season ET. In one case adoption of NST for weed management has resulted in decreased reliance on herbicides as weed control can be attained using non-chemical techniques. There is urgent need for weed science to develop improved data on weed population dynamics that is coupled to economics of weed control and crop production; until such data become available it is not feasible to accurately assess the use of thresholds for weed management.
Phosphorus Addition Increases Aboveground
Biomass but Does Not Change N:P Stoichiometry
of Chinese f ir (Cunninghamia lanceolata)
Seedlings under Nitrogen Deposition

Nitrogen deposition usually increases plant N:P stoichiometry and potentially intensifies phosphorus limitations for plant aboveground or belowground growth. However, the effects of P addition on N:P stoichiometry, aboveground biomass (AGB), and belowground biomass (BGB) of the subtropical Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) with N deposition remains poorly understood. A 1-year study was conducted to examine the effects of N deposition (0, 30, and 60 kg N ha−1 yr−1; N0, N30, and N60) and P application (0, 20, and 40 mg kg−1; P0, P20, and P40) on biomass production and N:P stoichiometry in Chinese fir seedlings. N60 alone significantly increased the total biomass; AGB; BGB; N concentrations in the leaves, branches, and roots; and root N:P ratio. P addition alone significantly increased total biomass and AGB. P40 significantly increased P concentration in the leaves, branches, stems, and roots but did not influence N concentration and decreased the N:P ratio. Compared to that with N60 alone, P40 combined with N60 significantly increased the AGB, N concentration in the branches and roots, and N:P ratio of the leaves but significantly decreased the BGB and root-shoot ratio ratio. Total biomass and AGB were significantly and positively correlated with leaf N and P concentrations. Leaf N concentration was significantly and positively correlated with soil available N concentration. Leaf P concentration exhibited a significant and positive correlation with soil available P. These findings provide new ideas about the effect of P addition on Chinese fir biomass accumulation and N:P stoichiometry under N deposition.
Effects of Low pH and Other Chemical Variables on the Local Distribution of Amphibians

mortality caused by low pH could be responsible for the absence of the two least tolerant species from acidic ponds. Hatching of embryos of R. sylvatica was not related to pond pH while mortality of embryos of A. jeffersonianum increased significantly as pond pH declined. H. andersoni also hatched in all experimental New Jersey ponds, but embryos of B. woodhousei suffered significantly higher mortality in ponds of lower pH's. Hatching success was variable at specific pond pH's, indicating significant interaction of pH with other chemical variables. In laboratory trials, tadpoles of B. woodhousei and H. andersoni grew significantly slower when exposed to low pH. This sublethal effect on body size has important implications for dynamics of amphibian populations in acidic ponds.
The biology of infection by loma salmonae (microsporidia)

Loma salmonae is an important gill pathogen of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. in the Pacific Northwest. Epizootics of the parasite have caused considerable economic loss in Pacific salmon farming in British Columbia. A study was undertaken on the basic biology of L. salmonae since very little information exists to aid fish-farmers and scientists. Loma salmonae transmission was examined by challenging fish by per os (oral), injection, and cohabitation with infected fish. Loma salmonae is transmissible by experimental (e.g. intraperitoneal, intramuscular injection) and natural (e.g. peros, cohabitation of naive and infected fish) exposure routes. Autoinfection of hosts is possible as demonstrated by intravascular injections of spores producing infection. The route of infection in salmon was examined using histological techniques. Sporoplasms from extruded spores were detected in epithelial cells of the alimentary canal. The parasite may move through these cells and enter the blood stream eventually reaching the gills. Purified spores were held under various laboratory conditions to examine viability. Spores were still infective after 95 d at 4 °C in fresh or sea water. Spores were killed when frozen or exposed to 100 or 200 ppm iodophor, although some spores survived the latter treatment. Host specificity of L. salmonae was examined by per os exposure of salmonids and nonsalmonds. All Oncorhynchus spp. tested were susceptible, but Atlantic salmon and Arctic char were resistant. All nonsalmonids tested were resistant. A Northern Stream strain of Chinook showed higher susceptibility to the parasite when compared to a Southern Coastal or hybrid strains. Macrophage phagocytic ability was investigated as a possible mechanism to explain differences between strains and susceptible or resistant salmonids. No differences were found between strains but Atlantic salmon macrophages have a higher phagocytic response to L. salmonae spores than Chinook. The possibility of nonsalmonid reservoirs for L.
Fecundity of Migrating European eel (Anguilla Anguilla) from Polish Waters

This study demonstrated that individual fecundity of 34 migrating European female eels Anguilla anguilla increases linearly with body weight (BW) and total length (TL). The total individual fecundity of fish from 560 to 1960 g BW was between 981 x 103 and 6320 x 103 eggs, respectively. The mean relative individual fecundity equalled 2415 x 103(± 524 x 103) per kg BW. The values of this parameter ranged from 1753 x 103 to 3224.5 x 103 kg–1. Based on the results, it might be suggested that A. anguilla has lower total individual fecundity than New Zealand longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii), American eel (Anguilla rostrata) and Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) although it has one of the highest fecundity values per kg BW. Total fecundity was strongly depended from fat level in muscle (R2 = 0.9523) and ovary (R2= 0.9531) as well as level of DHA content in ovary (R2= 0.8967) and muscle (R2= 0.6274) (N=10). There were no important relationship between total fecundity and protein level as well as in muscle and ovary.
Profile of Abdominal Surgical Complications of Enteric Fever in Children in a Developing Country

Background: Surgical complications of enteric fever has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and outcome of the treatment of abdominal surgical complications of enteric fever in children in a teaching hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. Methods: This retrospective study included children who had undergone a surgery for abdominal complications of enteric fever at the pediatric surgery unit of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Enugu, Nigeria. The medical records of the pediatric patients over a five-year period were evaluated for the patients’ demographics, presenting symptoms, investigations, intraoperative findings, procedures performed, and postoperative complications and outcome. Results: During the study period, there were 44 cases of abdominal surgical complications of enteric fever with an age range of 6–14 years (mean 9.5 years) and the male to female ratio of 2.7:1. The mean duration of symptoms prior to presentation was five days. All the patients had fever and abdominal pain. While 95% of the patient had typhoid intestinal perforation, 5% had typhoid hemorrhage. Primary closure of intestinal perforation and right hemicolectomy with ileotransverse anastomosis were performed for typhoid intestinal perforation and typhoid intestinal hemorrhage, respectively. Surgical site infection was the most common postoperative complication. The mortality rate was 6.8%. Conclusion: Abdominal surgical complications of enteric fever are still obtainable in developing countries. Typhoid intestinal perforation was the most common complication recorded in the present study.
Noteworthy new records of squamate reptiles (Reptilia: Squamata) from various Venezuelan Caribbean islands, including a new addition to the herpetofauna of Venezuela

The occurrence of Gymnophthalmus lineatus in Venezuela is established for the first time based on a specimen collected on Las Aves Archipelago. We also document the first records of Phyllodactylus ventralis from Los Frailes Archipelago, Amphisbaena alba from Isla de Margarita, and report the occurrence of Thecadactylus cf. rapicauda on Las Aves Archipelago. Additionally we expand the distribution of the snake Leptophis ahaetulla on Isla de Margarita and report the third specimen known from that island. We also present information on the lepidosis and coloration for all species when pertinent.
Common mechanisms underlying contrasting dynamics in two populations of the pine looper moth

Census data from an outbreaking population of the pine looper moth, Bupalus piniaria L. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) are used to derive a life-table for the population. A comparative analysis is made of this life-table with one published for a non-outbreaking population of the moth. The stage-specific survival rates are found to exhibit qualitatively similar patterns, though the absolute survival rates differ substantially in some cases. There is evidence for the operation of density-dependent processes at several points in the moth's life-cycle. The results of published experimental studies are used in deriving proposals for the mechanisms underlying the patterns of stage-specific survival. Finally, it is suggested that the underlying mechanisms are fundamentally similar in both populations and that differing environmental conditions modulate the differential expression of these mechanisms in the two populations, so generating the observed differences in their population dynamics
Trapping females of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Israel: comparison of lures and trap type

We studied the effectiveness of 4 trap types and 3 female attractant baits for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The traps were the International Pheromone McPhail trap, an open-bottom cylindrical trap; Frutect trap; and the Ga'aton trap. The 3 female attractants tested were Naziman, which is a locally produced protein hydrolyzate; a proprietary liquid protein that is used in the Frutect trap; and a 3-component food-based synthetic attractant composed of ammonium acetate, putrescine, and trimethylamine. Our results ranked the trap and attractant performances as follows: IP-McPhail trap baited with the synthetic attractant> Frutect baited with proprietary lure> cylindrical trap baited with the synthetic attractant> IP-McPhail trap baited with Naziman and Ga'aton baited with either the synthetic attractant or with Naziman. In subsequent tests, the substitution of the synthetic attractant for the proprietary protein bait increased the numbers of C. capitata captured in both IP-McPhail trap and Frutect, and improved C. capitata specificity in IP-McPhail traps. Equal numbers of fruit flies were captured in IP-McPhail traps and Frutect traps baited with the synthetic attractant; however, a higher percentage of the flies captured by the IP-McPhail trap were females. Thus, an IP-McPhail trap baited with the synthetic attractant caught the most female C. capitata among the trap and lure combinations tested.
Genetic study on biometrical measurements of broiler rabbits4

Data on body weight, body height chest girth, paunch girth, ear length and ear width at 4 and 16 weeks of age of 514 bunnies belonging to New Zealand White (NZW), Grey Giant (GG), Soviet Chinchilla (SC), Remish Giant (FG) and their crosses (F1) were analyzed. Season of birth, litter size at birth and genetic group of bunny significantly influenced all the traits, while sex of bunny had no significant effect. Effects of general combining ability (g.c.a.) and specific combining ability (s.c.a.) were sigtnificant (P<0.01) for all the traits, except for the paunch girth and ear length. The g.c. a. effects were high in FG breed. Estimates of heterosis were negative for body height, chest girth, ear length and ear width. Step down multiple regression revealed that body weight at 16 weeks of age could be predicted reasonably, based on the length and width of earflaps in GG, SC and FG purebreds.