Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methacrylic resin for protection of wood from discoloration by mould growth and weathering

The discoloration of uncoated wood surfaces in both outdoor and indoor use in non-heated spaces has become an increasing problem in European timber constructions due to the use of less toxic substances for protection and also changes in outdoor climate conditions, necessitating the use of protective coatings. To investigate the effect of methyl methacrylic (MMA) resin for the protection of wood from discoloration and mould growth, resin-treated wood surfaces were studied in a laboratory-scale mould test, as well as in an outdoor weathering test. Non-modified Scots pine and Norway spruce were used, and some of the test materials were also thermally modified. The resin suppressed mould growth for the laboratory-scale experiments. The protective effect was considerably reduced for outdoor tests. The MA resin did not effectively prevent the wood from greying from ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure; there was some protective effect detected on the pine. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of weathered specimens showed a reduction of lignin-associated absorption bands for all treatments, which corresponded to the UV degradation and greying of the wood surface. It is suggested that MMA resin may provide adequate protection against mould growth on wood without direct exposure to rain and sunshine (e.g., attics, basements, etc).
Removal of Spo11 from meiotic DNA breaks in vitro but not in vivo by Tyrosyl DNA Phosphodiesterase 2

Meiotic recombination events are initiated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) created by the topoisomerase-like protein, Spo11. Similar to type-II topoisomerases, Spo11 becomes covalently linked to the 5′ ends generated on each side of the DSB. Whilst Spo11-oligos—the product of nucleolytic removal by Mre11—have been detected in a number of biological systems, the lifetime of the covalent Spo11-DSB precursor has not been systematically determined and may be subject to alternative processing reactions. Here we explore the activity of human Tyrosyl DNA Phosphodiesterase, TDP2, on Spo11-DSBs isolated from S. cerevisiae cells. We demonstrate that TDP2 can remove Spo11 from natural ssDNA-oligos, and dsDNA ends even when in the presence of excess competitor genomic DNA. Interestingly, TDP2-processed Spo11-DSBs are refractory to resection by Exo1, suggesting that ssDNA generated by Mre11 may be essential in vivo to facilitate resection-dependent HR at Spo11-DSBs even if TDP2 were active. Moreover, although TDP2 can remove Spo11 peptides in vitro, TDP2 was unable to remove Spo11 in vivo—unlike during the repair of topoisomerase-induced DNA lesions. These results suggest that Spo11-DNA, but not topoisomerase-DNA cleavage complexes, are inaccessible to the TDP2 enzyme, perhaps due to occlusion by higher order protein complexes resident at sites of meiotic recombination.
The Relations of Online Reading Processes (Eye Movements) with Working Memory, Emergent Literacy Skills, and Reading Proficiency

ABSTRACT We examined the relations between working memory, emergent literacy skills (e.g., phonological awareness, orthographic awareness, rapid-automatized naming), word reading, and listening comprehension to online reading processes (eye movements), and their relations to reading comprehension. A total of 292 students were assessed on working memory and emergent literacy skills in Grade 1, and eye movements, language, and reading skills in Grade 3. Structural equation model results showed that word reading was related to gaze duration and rereading duration, but listening comprehension was not. Working memory and emergent literacy skills were related to eye movements, but their relations to eye movements were largely mediated by word reading. Eye movements were related to reading comprehension, but not after accounting for word reading and listening comprehension. These results expand our understanding of reading development by revealing the nature of relations of emergent literacy skills, reading, and listening comprehension to online processes.
Recent Progress in Precision Machining and Surface Finishing of Tungsten Carbide Hard Composite Coatings

Owing to their high hardness, fracture toughness and oxidation resistance, tungsten carbide (WC) coatings are extensively deposited on parts that operate in demanding applications, necessitating wear, erosion, and corrosion resistance. The application of thick and hard WC coatings has an inevitable effect on the original dimensions of the parts, affecting the geometrical tolerances and surface roughness. The capability of achieving a sub-micron surface finish and adhere to tight geometrical tolerances accurately and repeatably is an important requirement, particularly with components that operate in high-precision sliding motion. Meeting such requirements through conventional surface finishing methods, however, can be challenging due to the superior mechanical and tribological properties of WC coatings. A brief review into the synthesis techniques of cemented and binderless WC coatings is presented together with a comprehensive review into the available techniques which are used to surface finish WC-based coatings with reference to their fundamental mechanisms and capabilities to process parts with intricate and internal features. The binderless WC/W coating considered in this work is deposited through chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and unlike traditional cemented carbide coatings, it has a homogenous coating structure. This distinctive characteristic has the potential of eliminating key issues commonly encountered with machining and finishing of WC-based coatings. Here, six contact and non-contact surface finishing techniques, include diamond turning, precision grinding, superfinishing, vibratory polishing, electrical discharge machining, and electropolishing are discussed along with their current use in industry and limitations. Key challenges in the field are highlighted and potential directions for future investigation, particularly on binderless WC coatings, are proposed herein.
Patient Satisfaction in a Safety Net Urology Clinic.

INTRODUCTION Patient satisfaction has become an important metric in medicine. In this study, we aim to identify modifiable factors contributing toward poor satisfaction amongst patients in a safety net urology clinic. We hypothesize that wait times and long distances traveled to clinic will have the largest contribution toward negative patient experiences. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of adult patients presenting to the urology clinic at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital. Participants completed a survey using the RAND Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18 after their clinic visit. Associations among demographic factors, wait times, use of a translator and satisfaction were examined. RESULTS Two hundred patients, 19 to 90 years old (median age 62), were enrolled. Overall, 65% of patients were satisfied with their experience in our clinic. Our results demonstrated a significant association among race, language and overall satisfaction scores (p=0.009 and p=0.003, respectively). Multivariable analysis showed that those who waited more than an hour to see a physician were less satisfied compared with those who waited less than 15 minutes (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08-0.74). Similarly, those who used a translator were less satisfied than those who did not use a translator (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.08-1.01). CONCLUSIONS In a safety net urology clinic, language differences and wait times may contribute to poor patient satisfaction. Future efforts toward improving language interpreter functionality and decreasing patient wait times will likely improve patient satisfaction.
Conflict and negotiation: management of forest commons in seventeenth-century Northern Finland

ABSTRACT The seventeenth century was a time when large economic transformations had direct consequences on people’s everyday lives. Increased economic pressure was put on rural populations, which affected their management of the resources that they owned in common. This paper examines how peasant communities managed commonly owned forests in Finland during the seventeenth century. The focus is placed on North Ostrobothnia, where large-scale tar production and widespread timber cutting took place to meet the growing need of European states for forest products. Through the study of district court protocols, this article analyses how peasant communities responded to and coped with the new economic climate of the period while local authorities enforced royally sanctioned restrictions and outside interest groups raised demands on what the peasantry could provide. Consequently, the peasantry formalised previously informal rules, regulated cutting activities in relation to the taxable capacity of the peasant households, and re-established borders, which offset privatisation.
Postpartum female sexual dysfunctions in Hungary: A cross-sectional study

Although the prevalence of sexual dysfunction after delivery is generally considered high, this has not been well examined in Hungary. The aim of our study was to evaluate female sexual function at 3-months postpartum and to investigate some of the possible predictor factors which might influence it.We designed a cross-sectional study using online questionnaires and recruited 253 participants. Risk factors such as infant-feeding method and urinary incontinence were assessed for a potential relationship with sexual dysfunction. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used to assess sexual function. We wrote our own questions about potential predictors.48. 79% of participants reported sexual dysfunction according to total FSFI score (M = 25.16, SD = 7.00). A significant relationship was found between infant-feeding method and sexual dysfunction (P = 0.003). Sexual dysfunction was more common in exclusive-breastfeeding mothers than in mixed or formula-feeding mothers. Women with urinary incontinence had significantly lower total FSFI scores (P = 0.006), and in the arousal (P = 0.033), lubrication (P = 0.022), satisfaction (P = 0.006) and pain (P = 0.032) domains compared to women with no incontinence problem.Women suffering from urinary incontinence are more likely to have sexual problems, especially a higher risk of dyspareunia and a lower level of sexual interest and wetness. Exclusive breastfeeding has a negative effect on sexual function.
NOTCH assembles a transcriptional repressive complex containing NuRD and PRC1 to repress genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation

NOTCH1 is best known as a master regulator of T-cell development with a strong oncogenic potential in developing T-cells. Upon induction of Notch, cells go through major transcriptional reprogramming that involves both activation and repression of gene expression. Although much is known about the transcriptional programs activated by Notch, the identity of the genes silenced downstream of Notch signaling and the mechanisms by which Notch down-regulates their expression remain unclear. Here, we show that upon induction of Notch signaling, ICN1-CSL-MAML1 ternary complex assembles a transcriptional Notch Repressive Complex (NRC) containing NuRD and PRC1. Genome wide analysis revealed set of genes bound and transcriptionally repressed by the NRC. Remarkably, among those genes, we found master regulators of cell differentiation and cell proliferation such as PAX5, master B-cell regulator and the DNA-binding transcriptional repressor MAD4. We propose that Notch possesses a dual role as direct activator and repressor by serving as a platform for the recruitment of co-activators and co-repressors on target genes and that both activities are required for Notch nuclear functions.
Job Seekers' Attitudes Toward Cybervetting: Scale Development, Validation, and Platform Comparison

The present research describes the development and validation of a measure of job seekers' attitudes toward cybervetting (ATC). Study 1 involved a sample of participants completing an initial pool of items focusing on one platform (i.e., Facebook) and conducting an exploratory factor analysis. Study 2 included a confirmatory factor analysis and an exploratory structural equation model to establish convergent and discriminant validity. Results of both studies confirmed that the hypothesized three&#8208;factor structure (perceived justice, privacy invasion, and face validity) provided a good fit to the data, explained over 67% of total variance, with all three factors demonstrating high internal consistencies. Study 3 examined the measurement equivalence of the ATC measure, and demonstrated its factor structure and reliability, across four social media platforms (Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and Instagram). Comparing applicants' attitudes across platforms showed significantly more favorable perceptions toward LinkedIn&#8208;based cybervetting than for the other three platforms.
The Blurred ‘Blue line’: a cross-national comparison of the sources of public support for extralegal policing

ABSTRACT Prior research addressing extralegal policing has focussed on the types of individuals most affected by these practices (i.e. disadvantaged minorities and police officers) as a means to improve conditions for these populations. Although these studies are critical for educating the public and informing criminal justice policy, there remains a noteworthy gap in the literature related to the types of political and sociocultural circumstances under which extralegal policing practices endure. The current study will mitigate this gap by addressing two theoretically-informed sources of public support (i.e. conflict and procedural justice theories) for police misconduct within the United States and Latin America. Analyses of three countries from the 2012 AmericasBarometer survey revealed a strong, ongoing presence of support for extralegal policing, with approximately one quarter of U.S. and Brazilian respondents and nearly half of Argentinian respondents expressing favourable views. While the analyses illustrated varying levels of support for conflict and procedural justice theory mechanisms, these findings highlight the importance of working to improve empirical understandings of public support for extralegal policing as a means to identify the contexts in which support is generated for both violent and non-violent police misconduct internationally.
You reap what you sow: The role of Karma in Green purchase

Abstract In line with the growing popularity of the green economy in recent years, green marketing is also gaining more prominence in the academic world. One interesting research direction in this area is the role of religion in the consumption of green products. This is the first study that investigates the role of “Karma” in the green purchase intention of Buddhist minority in Indonesia—most of them are Chinese descent. Karma, a doctrine most prominent in Buddhism, is the belief that one’s deeds in the present will influence his or her fate in the future or in the next life. In this study, spirituality and long-term orientation were predicted to mediate the relationship between karma and green purchase intention. For this study, we gathered 148 Indonesian Buddhists. We employed Composite Confirmatory Analysis via ADANCO PLS-SEM software to analyse the hypotheses and derive our conclusion. The results of this study reveal that 1) karma has a positive effect on green purchase intention, 2) There is a partial mediation of spirituality in the relationship between karma and green purchase intention and, 3) Karma has a positive effect on spirituality and long-term orientation. Theoretical contribution as well as managerial implications of this study, especially for green marketing practitioners targeting Buddhist consumers, are discussed.
Leaf Area, Relative Water Content and Stay-green Habit of Iranian Landraces (Triticum aestivum L.) under Water Stress in Field Conditions

Water stress is one of the major and challenging abiotic stress that affects the plant mostly at all stages like tillering, booting, anthesis, grain formation and grain filling. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of water stress on relative water content, leaf area and stay green habit of Iranian landraces along with commercial relevant checks under irrigated, restricted irrigation and rain-fed conditions. Iranian landraces were selected based on minimum reduction in vigor index as compared to control lines during preliminary screening experiment in the lab in which water stress is induced by Polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000). A field experiment was carried out at the experimental area of the Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab during 2016-2017. The relative water content of Iranian landraces was calculated at the bolting stage according to the turgid weight by applying the equation of relative water content. Leaf area was recorded by leaf area meter and stay-green habit based on a 1-4 visual scale. Analysis of variance revealed interaction among treatment and genotypes was significant (P≤ 0.05) for the leaf area, relative water content, stay green habit at anthesis and 30 days after anthesis. Leaf area, Original Research Article Kaur and Sarlach; AIR, 21(9): 1-13, 2020; Article no.AIR. 58862 2 relative water content and stay green habit of Iranian landraces along with commercial checks reduced under water stress conditions. Based on the performance of Iranian landraces under stress conditions, 5 lines IWA 8600397, IWA 8600567, 8606739, IWA 8606786 and IWA 8600753 were considered as water stress tolerant.
Nouvelles méthodologies d'extraction, de fractionnement et d'identification : application aux molécules bioactives de l'argousier (Hippophae rhamnoides)

La richesse moleculaire des vegetaux constitue une source importante de molecules bioactives d‘origine naturelle. La mise en evidence de ces molecules necessite de nombreuses etapes souvent longues et couteuses. L‘objectif de cette these a donc consiste en l‘innovation et le developpement de nouvelles methodologies d‘extraction, de fractionnement et d‘identification de produits naturels d‘origine vegetale. Pour cela nous avons utilise comme modele vegetal l‘argousier (Hippophae rhamnoides, Elaeagnaceae) qui est un arbuste epineux du plateau Eurasiatique connu pour sa richesse phytochimique et son potentiel therapeutique. Ce travail a d‘abord conduit au developpement d‘une methode d‘extraction « verte » sans solvant assistee par micro-ondes, basee sur l‘utilisation combinee de la pression, de la temperature et des micro-ondes. Il a pu etre demontre que cette methodologie permet d‘extraire rapidement et efficacement des composes phenoliques tout en conservant un potentiel antioxydant important. Dans une seconde partie, une nouvelle approche multidimensionnelle couplant la CPC et l‘HPLC-UV-MS a ete developpee. Cette technique permet la separation a l‘echelle semi-preparative et l‘identification en ligne des molecules separees. Il a ainsi pu etre identifie par HPLC-MS/MS 3 acides phenoliques et 20 derives de flavonols dans l‘extrait micro-ondes sans solvant de baies d‘argousier. L‘activite antioxydante et la cytotoxicite des fractions a egalement ete etudiee in vitro et in cellulo. Enfin la derniere partie de ce travail a demontre le potentiel antioxydant et antimicrobien de differents organes de l‘argousier, qui a ete correle a la presence flavonoides et de proanthocyanidine. L‘interet du couplage CPC-HPLC-UV-MS a egalement ete illustre par le fractionnement de deux molecules d‘un extrait actif de racines d‘argousier.
Distribution of sulfhydryl boranes in mice and rats

The distribution of boron in mice bearing transplanted Harding-Passey melanomas after rapid and slow administration of monomer were studied. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of the corresponding infusion solution revealed a slow-moving principal band that was later shown to correspond to Na/sub 4/B/sub 24/H/sub 22/S/sub 2/, the dimer of Na/sub 2/B/sub 12/H/sub 11/SH. It was found that while monomer and chemically synthesized dimer yielded similar boron concentrations when they were given rapidly intraperitoneally to mice, the dimer yielded higher boron concentrations in mouse melanoma and higher melanoma-blood boron concentration when each was infused slowly intraperitoneally for 8 to 9 days. Studies have been started on the uptake of dimer into an intracerebrally implanted rat glioma. Boron levels in the rat glioma and in the mouse melanoma from slow intraperitoneal infusion of proportionately comparable amounts of dimer, are similar. However, after these slow infusions boron levels in rat blood are about as high as boron levels in rat brain tumor. 6 refs., 1 fig., 4 tabs.
Development and Validation of the Personal Values Dictionary: A Theory–Driven Tool for Investigating References to Basic Human Values in Text

Estimating psychological constructs from natural language has the potential to expand the reach and applicability of personality science. Research on the Big Five has produced methods to reliably assess personality traits from text, but the development of comparable tools for personal values is still in the early stages. Based on the Schwartz theory of basic human values, we developed a dictionary for the automatic assessment of references to personal values in text. To refine and validate the dictionary, we used Facebook updates, blog posts, essays, and book chapters authored by over 180 000 individuals. The results show high reliability for the dictionary and a pattern of correlations between the value types in line with the circumplex structure. We found small to moderate (rs = .1–.4) but consistent correlations between dictionary scores and self–reported scores for 7 out of 10 values. Correlations between the dictionary scores and age, gender, and political orientation of the author and scores for other established dictionaries mostly followed theoretical predictions. The Personal Values Dictionary can be used to assess references to value orientations in textual data, such as tweets, blog posts, or status updates, and will stimulate further research in methods to assess human basic values from text.
The Effect of Domestic Risks and Arab Spring on Economic Risk in Northern African Countries: Findings From the First- and Second-Generation Panel Approaches

For decades, domestic risks belonged to the category of issues that are difficult to understand because information is fragmented or incomplete. However, paradoxically it has been suggested by many researchers that domestic risks involve complex combinations of structural and institutional weakness, bad governance, and regional contagion wrapped in a paradigm of high levels of trade, capital, and information flows, resulting in economic risk. This study employ first- and second-generation panel-based estimators—Westerlund cointegration, fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and dynamic common correlated effects mean group (D-CCEMG)—to explore both short-run and long-run nexus between domestic risks and economic risks in Northern African countries from 1997Q2 to 2018Q4. To our knowledge, no study has applied these econometric techniques to investigate interlink-ages among domestic risks, economic risks, and as well as including dummy variable of Arab Spring in Northern African countries. Our empirical findings reveal that (a) financial and political stabilities positively affect economic stability, and (b) Arab Spring negatively affected economic stability. Our analysis confirms that domestic risks involve institutional weakness and bad governance region in regional contagion. Given this new insight on economic risk, policymakers should develop a strong financial system that promotes economic growth.