Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drag Reduction With Riblets In Nature And Engineering

Reduction of wall friction of turbulent boundary layer ﬂows can be achieved by using surfaces with properties that are related to skin structures occurring in nature. The scales of several species of fast-swimming sharks show a tiny ribbed structure. This ribbed structure hampers the momentum exchangeatthesurfacethatistheoriginoftheturbulentshearstress.Thedrag-reducingmechanismofribbedsurfaces(orriblets)isexplainedbyusingananalyticalmodelthatdeﬁnestheviscousregionoftheﬂow,wheretheribletsarecompletelyimmersedintheviscoussublayeroftheturbulentboundarylayer.Wallshearstressreductionhasbeeninvestigatedexperimentallyforvariousribletsurfacesincludingareplicaofsharkskinconsistingof800plasticmodelscaleswithcompliantanchoring. Theapplicationofthesetypesofstructuretolong-rangecommercialaircraftisdiscussed,includingtheeffectofthedragreductionsontheoperationalcostsoftheaircraft. Abstract Heat transfer enhancement techniques have found widespread applications in nature as well as in a lot of engineering applications.The methods can be categorized into passive and active techniques. This note focuses nearly exclusively on passive techniques, especially on heat or mass transfer enhancement using geometrical surface modiﬁcations like artiﬁcial roughness, protrusions or depressions mostly in single-phase forced convection applications. With these passive methods the ﬂow ﬁeld around the heat or mass transferring surface is modiﬁed by introducing different kinds of vortical motions, which lead to increased mixing, ﬂow separation and reattachment. These effects drastically change the overall and local heat transfer distribution. The present paper provides an overview on the different methods used for heat transfer enhancement and shows some possible applications of the individual methods in turbomachinery design and nature. By showing examples from turbomachinery applications also the interaction of individual methods is highlighted. Here it is of particular interest that combined enhancement involving simultaneous application of several techniques might lead to an enhancement that is larger than the individual techniques operating separately.
Empirical bayes model comparisons for differential methylation analysis

A number of empirical Bayes models were developed to investigate the differential methylation analysis. However, it is not clear which empirical Bayes model performs best in differential methylation analysis. In this paper, five empirical Bayes models were constructed and applied to the differential methylation analysis of A2780 cells between before and after 1, 3, and 5 round of cisplatin treatment. The log-normal model with the background variance showed the lowest minimized negative log-likelihood. It inferred increasing number of differentially methylated loci from 1 to 3 to 5 rounds of cisplatin treatment on the A2780 cells, which was consistent to cisplatin resistant IC50 data. Among differentially methylated loci selected from each empirical model, three time dependent methylation patterns were defined: stochastic hypomethylation, stochastic hypermethylation, and random methylation. If the empirical Bayes model of the DNA methylation assumed log-normal distribution, both stochastically hypomethylated loci and stochastically hypermethylated loci were enriched with a number of transcription factor binding sites. Almost no TFBS enrichment was observed if the gamma distribution was assumed in the empirical Bayes model. In summary, by comparing the performances of the differential methylation analysis and the TFBS enrichment analysis, log-normal distribution is a better statistical assumption than the gamma distribution in the empirical Bayes model.
Active‐Source Seismic Tomography at the Brady Geothermal Field, Nevada, with Dense Nodal and Fiber‐Optic Seismic Arrays

We deployed a dense seismic array to image the shallow structure in the injection area of the Brady Hot Springs geothermal power plant in western Nevada. The array was composed of 238 threecomponent, 5 Hz nodal instruments, 8700 m of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) fiber-optic cable (FOC) installed horizontally in surface trenches, and 400 m of FOC installed vertically in a borehole. The geophone array had about 60 m instrument spacing in the target zone, whereas DAS channel separations were about 1 m with an averaging (gauge) length of 10 m. The acquisition systems provided 15 days of continuous records, including active-source and ambient noise signals. A large vibroseis truck was operated at 196 locations, exciting a swept-frequency signal from 5 to 80 Hz over 20 s using three vibration modes (vertical, longitudinal, and transverse), with three sweeps per mode at each site. Sweeps were repeated up to four times at each site during four different stages of power plant operation: normal operation, shutdown, high and oscillatory injection and production, and normal operation. After removal of the sweep signal from the raw data, the first P-wave arrivals were automatically picked using a combination of methods. The travel times were then used to invert for the 3D P-wave velocity structure. Models with 100 m horizontal and 20–50m vertical node spacing were obtained, covering an area 2000 m by 1300 m, with acceptable resolution extending to about 250 m below surface. The travel-time data were fit to a root mean square (rms) misfit of 31 ms, close to our estimated picking uncertainty. Lateral boundaries between high and low velocity zones agree relatively well with the location of local faults from previous studies, and low near-surface velocities are associated with faults and fumarole locations. A sharp increase in velocity from < 1500 to > 2000 m=s at approximately 50 m below the ground surface in many parts of the study area may indicate a shallower water table than expected for the region.
High‐Pressure Granulite Facies Overprinting During the Exhumation of Eclogites in the Bangong‐Nujiang Suture Zone, Central Tibet: Link to Flat‐Slab Subduction

The geometric transformation of a descending plate, such as from steep to flat subduction in response to a change from normal to overthickened oceanic crust during subduction, is a common and important geological process at modern or fossil convergent margins. However, the links between this process and the metamorphic evolution of the exhumation of oceanic (ultra)high‐pressure eclogites are poorly understood. Here we report detailed petrological, mineralogical, phase equilibria, and secondary ion mass spectrometry zircon and rutile U‐Pb age data for the Dong Co eclogites at the western segment of the Bangong‐Nujiang suture zone, central Tibet. Our data reveal that the Dong Co eclogites experienced peak eclogite‐facies metamorphism (T = 610–630°C, P = 2.4–2.6 GPa) and underwent multiple stages of retrograde metamorphism. P‐T pseudosections and compositional isopleths of garnet define a complex clockwise P‐T‐t path (including two stages of decompression‐dominated P‐T path and one of isobaric heating), suggesting varying exhumation velocities. Combining previous studies with our new results, we suggest that the transformation from rapid to slow exhumation is dominated by the transition from steep to flat subduction. The flat‐slab segment, caused by subduction of buoyant oceanic plateau, led to an extremely slow exhumation and a strong overprinting of HP granulite facies at a depth of ~50 km at ~177 Ma. The slab rollback that followed in response to a substantial density increase of the eclogitized oceanic plateau resulted in another rapid exhumation process at ~168 Ma and triggered the formation of abundant near‐simultaneous or later magmatic rocks.
Effect of biochar on Chinese kale and carbon storage in an agricultural area on a high rise building

Supplementation of agricultural soil with biochar can positively affect growth and yield of crop plants. In this study, a mixture of different amounts of rice husk biochar (RHB) at 1.5%, 2.0% or 2.5% by weight (wt.%) and 20 wt. % vermicompost were used to grow Chinese kale in a soil on a high rise building in Bangkok city. The effect of this mixture on yields of Chinese kale and the level of carbon storage in the soil and plants were evaluated, since this could contribute towards urban food security and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Eight treatments were evaluated as (i) the soil alone (TC), and soil supplemented with (ii) 20 wt. % vermicompost (TM20), (iii–v) RHB (TB1.5, TB2.0 and TB2.5), or (vi–viii) vermicompost with RHB (TMB1.5, TMB2.0 and TMB2.5). Treatment TMB2.0 gave the highest yield of Chinese kale shoots, followed by TMB2.5, TM20 and TMB1.5, respectively. In addition, TMB2.5 gave the highest carbon storage in the soil plus plants, followed by TMB20, TM20 and TMB1.5. Thus, adding the appropriate amount of RHB and vermicompost mixture in the soil led to a higher yield of plant products, including an increased level of soil carbon storage. Applying RHB in urbanized agricultural areas is an alternative way for metropolitan areas to boost the yields of crop plants for food sustainability and long-term urbanized environmental management.
Cognitive systems engineering

Work Domain Analysis. Activity Analysis. Analysis of Work Organization and System Users. User-Work Coupling. At the Periphery of Effective Coupling: Human Error. The Design Process and Its Guidance. Evaluation of Design Concepts and Products. Design of a Library System. BookHouse Design: Data Base and User Dialogue. BookHouse Design: Interface Displays. BookHouse Evaluation. Catalog of Annotated Displays. References. Index.
The investigation of the sustainability of a regional approach to Water Sensitive Urban Design using a Triple Bottom Line Assessment

This research has compared various contributing economic, social and ecological factors involved with WSUD for both a regional and local treatment strategy for a 33.5 hectare site in the Mackay region. A greater understanding of the benefits and costs of these contributing factors involved in WSUD has been gained throughout this project. A Triple Bottom Line assessment (TBL) involving a multidisciplinary skilled Delphi Panel, representing urban development stakeholders, was used to investigate and ascertain; objectives, values and stakeholder preferences of a preferred treatment strategy approach. Further research was conducted to identify social and financial performance indicators for use in the TBL assessment, where associated Best Management Practice (BMP) costs and social attributes linked with existing BMP were investigated. The Delphi Panel comprised of two groups; an Expert group made up of; a senior civilengineer, a principal civil engineer, a senior hydraulic engineer, a senior engineer (water), a senior landscape architect, a landscape architect, a MRC development approvals officer and an environmental scientist. The Stakeholder group comprises of; a UDIA member, the MRC Councillor for Developments and Approvals, the SLCMA Regional Landcare Facilitator and a local prominent developer. The core values of each TBL element identified by the Delphi Panel were; financial element – to minimize cost impacts associated with stormwater treatment assets upon a development, borne by Council, the developer, and ultimately the home buyer; social element - overall community acceptance of the WSUD design; and ecological element - to reduce impact on receiving waterways and integration of treatment elements into adjoining natural areas. The total acquisition, typical annual maintenance and life cycle unit rates recommended in this research best reflect the size of the BMPs proposed for Precinct A. The total acquisition unit rates adopted for the following treatment elements were; bioretention swales $326/m2, bioretention basins $310/m2, biopods $330/m2, and constructed wetlands (inclusive of two sedimentation basins approximately 2000 m2 total) $150/m2, and street or verge streets $950 each. Typical annual maintenance costs identified were; bioretention swales $40/m2/yr. , bioretention basins $12.50/m2/yr. , biopods $12.50/m2/yr. , constructed wetlands $2.70/m2/yr. , sedimentation basins, $11.20/m2/yr. , and street or verge trees $25 each. It is envisaged that these BMP unit rates can be used to help fill the knowledge gap for BMP costs in the Mackay region and potentially other regions. A regional treatment strategy was the preferred treatment approach to sustainable WSUD recommended by urban development stakeholders in the Mackay region, despite the local treatment strategy achieving a higher value score following the TBL assessment.
Disentangling the Mesoscale Ocean‐Atmosphere Interactions

In the past decades, the use of scatterometer data allowed to demonstrate the global ubiquity of the ocean mesoscale thermal feedback (TFB) and current feedback (CFB) effects on surface winds and stress. Understanding these air-sea interactions is of uttermost importance as the induced atmospheric anomalies partly control the ocean circulation and thus can influence the Earth climate. Whether the TFB and CFB effects can be disentangled, and whether satellite scatterometers can properly reveal them, remain rather unclear. Here, using satellite observations and ocean-atmosphere coupled mesoscale simulations over 45 ◦ S to 45 ◦ N, we show that the CFB effect can be properly characterized and unraveled from that due to the TFB. We demonstrate that the TFB can be unambiguously characterized by its effect on the stress (and wind) divergence and magnitude. However, its effect on the wind and stress curl is contaminated by the CFB and thus cannot be estimated from scatterometer data. Finally, because scatterometers provide equivalent neutral stability winds relative to the oceanic currents, they cannot characterize adequately the CFB wind response and overestimate the TFB wind response by ≈ 25%. Surface stress appears to be the more appropriate variable to consider from scatterometer
Neodymium isotope disequilibria in subducted sediments, and potential consequences for subduction-zone recycling

Neodymium isotope geochemistry is pivotal to understanding magma genesis and crustal recycling processes at convergent plate margins. Here, we present Nd isotope compositions of rare earth element (REE)–rich minerals from blueschist- to eclogite-facies rocks that represent previously subducted continental sediments. We find Nd isotope heterogeneity in all of our samples. Apatite preserves diverse detrital isotopic compositions despite metamorphism up to at least 600 °C and 3.0 GPa, whereas lawsonite appears to be isotopically homogenous. Epidote and monazite are major REE hosts under eclogite-facies conditions; in our samples these phases also retain Nd isotope heterogeneity, even up to ultrahigh-pressure conditions of 700 °C and 4.0 GPa. These findings contest the assumption of Nd isotope equilibration during subduction-zone metamorphism, so caution is needed when using Nd isotopes to calculate subducted sediment contributions to arc magmas or for determining rates of crustal recycling through subduction zones.
Journal Pre-proof Development and validation of the baby eating behaviour coding system (BEBECS) to assess eating behaviour during complementary feeding

1 Eating behaviour in children is a matter of study for which diverse tools have 2 been designed. Coding systems for videotaped meals allow the extraction of 3 detailed in vivo information; however, there is no tool available for infants 4 following a Baby-Led Weaning (BLW) method. This study aimed to create and 5 validate a new tool to assess eating behaviour in infants during weaning, 6 applicable regardless of the complementary feeding method. The Baby Eating 7 Behaviour Coding System (BEBECS) was developed comprising time variables, 8 behaviours, feeder-led actions, and other meal-related variables. Sixty videos of 9 infants aged 6 to 18 months following spoon-feeding (SF) or BLW methods 10 were coded by two trained coders. These scores were analysed together with 11 intake and maternal ratings of liking and calmness. Additionally, combined 12 analysis and internal comparison assessed the possible differences in BEBECS 13 variables between SF and BLW. Inter-rater and test-retest reliability had good to 14 excellent agreement: Cohen’s Kappa > 0.75, Lin’s CCC > 0.70, and Intraclass 15 Correlation Coefficient > 0.75, for almost all variables. Infants’ liking and intake 16 of the offered food correlated positively with meal duration and total count of 17 mouth approaches but negatively with having leftovers and time between mouth 18 approaches. Infants’ calmness and tiredness were negatively correlated. More 19 food than initially offered was available during the meal in BLW but not in SF. 20 There was a tendency towards more autonomous behaviour in BLW infants 21 regarding changes observed in the time the food was in the mouth at each 22 stage (6, 12, and 18 months). In conclusion, BEBECS has the potential to be a 23 valid tool for application in the research of infant eating behaviour during 24 weaning by trained coders. 25
Modified Type I Collagen - A Barrier Membrane in Human Gingival Recession Management

In this study the efficacy of chemically modified type I collagen film as barrier membrane in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedure was assessed in patients with gingival recession defect. 20 Patients with Millers Class I or Class II furcation defects were selected and divided into test and control groups in which test group alone was treated with collagen membrane to cover the exposed root surface. Pre-operative (baseline) and post-operative (24 weeks) clinical recordings like plaque Index (PI), gingival index (GI) recession depth (RD), probing depth (PD), Percentage of recession coverage (RC) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed in both groups. Test group showed significant root coverage (63.79%) than the control group (59.09%). The difference in mean probing depth (PD) was significantly reduced by 0.4 mm in test group, but in control group the mean PD was increased by 0.6 mm (p<0.0001). Statistically significant Clinical attachment (CA) gain of 55.9% (4.1 mm) was found in treated group than the control group, which has shown 36.36 % (2 mm) of CA gain (p=0.001). No significant changes were found in plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) between the groups. These results demonstrated that the clinical improvement of gingival recession defects in GTR procedure can be achieved by using modified collagen barrier membrane for the effective reconstruction of the mucogingival unit.
Taking Video beyond 'Hard Data' in User Centred Design

In this paper, we discuss how the use of video in e.g. ethnographically inspired fieldwork can gain from looking at video as a design material rather than as 'hard data'. The participatory nature of the video media is emphasised, and co-authoring is suggested to be potentially fruitful when design teams work with video. The paper introduces four cases, which suggests various ways of working with video as a design material
Comparison of object detection methods for crop damage assessment using deep learning

Severe weather events can cause large financial losses to farmers. Detailed information on the location and severity of damage will assist farmers, insurance companies, and disaster response agencies in making wise post-damage decisions. The goal of this study was a proof-of-concept to detect damaged crop areas from aerial imagery using computer vision and deep learning techniques. A specific objective was to compare existing object detection algorithms to determine which was best suited for crop damage detection. Two modes of crop damage common in maize (corn) production were simulated: stalk lodging at the lowest ear and stalk lodging at ground level. Simulated damage was used to create a training and analysis data set. An unmanned aerial system (UAS) equipped with a RGB camera was used for image acquisition. Three popular object detectors (Faster R-CNN, YOLOv2, and RetinaNet) were assessed for their ability to detect damaged regions in a field. Average precision was used to compare object detectors. YOLOv2 and RetinaNet were able to detect crop damage across multiple late-season growth stages. Faster R-CNN was not successful as the other two advanced detectors. Detecting crop damage at later growth stages was more difficult for all tested object detectors. Weed pressure in simulated damage plots and increased target density added additional complexity.
Integrating knowledge management technologies in organizational business processes: getting real time enterprises to deliver real business performance

Purpose – To provide executives and scholars with pragmatic understanding about integrating knowledge management strategy and technologies in business processes for successful performance.Design/methodology/approach – A comprehensive review of theory, research, and practices on knowledge management develops a framework that contrasts existing technology‐push models with proposed strategy‐pull models. The framework explains how the “critical gaps” between technology inputs, related knowledge processes, and business performance outcomes can be bridged for the two types of models. Illustrative case studies of real‐time enterprise (RTE) business model designs for both successful and unsuccessful companies are used to provide real world understanding of the proposed framework.Findings – Suggests superiority of strategy‐pull models made feasible by new “plug‐and‐play” information and communication technologies over the traditional technology‐push models. Critical importance of strategic execution in guiding the.
Relative permeability to wetting‐phase water in oil reservoirs

[1] Laboratory experiments were performed to investigate if water can leak through the pore network of a water wet seal while oil stays in the reservoir below. The experimental setup consisted of a low-permeability membrane disk attached to the outlet side of a cylindrical sandstone core plug. The core plug and the seal were water wet, and the core plug was saturated with oil to irreducible water saturation (Swi). Water was injected at the inlet side of the core, and the fluid flow through the core and the membrane was monitored. The experimental results from three samples with permeabilities ranging from 0.06 to 1900 mD and with capillary pressure ranging from 1.5 to 10 bars confirmed that water at “irreducible” water saturation moved through the core samples, while the membrane retained the oil by capillary sealing. The experiments demonstrated that the relative permeability to the residual water could be approximated by log krw @ Swi = −1.75 log(Pc √(k/ϕ)) − 1.95, where krw @ Swi is the calculated relative wetting-phase water permeability, k is total reservoir permeability (mD), ϕ is total reservoir porosity (in fraction), and Pc is capillary pressure (bar). Application of this formula to subsurface conditions suggests that the residual water permeability is generally sufficiently small to result in overpressure gradients in the residual water across the hydrocarbon columns. The magnitudes of these overpressures are typically below 5 bars for oil columns of 200 m or less, but may exceed 50 bars in low porosity and permeability reservoirs with large oil columns. Such overpressures are not large enough to result in capillary leakage through good caprocks but may significantly reduce the sealing capacity of marginal seals.