Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A solvable lattice model: the square-triangle-rhombus random tiling

The aim of this thesis is the study of a new model in statistical mechanics, which belongs to a class of exactly solvable lattice models. This model is defined on the square lattice with ten possible configurations at each vertex. It belongs to a hierarchy of integrable systems, constructed by taking a singular limit of certain extensions of models related to the sl(n) algebra. By the integrability of a system, we mean that the R-matrix associated to a lattice model solves the Yang–Baxter equation. The limit indicated above is singular in the sense that the R-matrix granting integrability of the original model does not satisfy the Yang–Baxter equation of the new model after taking this limit. However, for the model of interest (with n = 3) another matrix R? is found, establishing the integrability of the model. The first few systems in this new ‘singular’ hierarchy had already been identified with some known random tiling models. The study of the latter is independently driven by the desire to model the atomic structure of physical substances termed quasicrystals (or quasiperiodic alloys). The 10-vertex model has now also been identified with a new random tiling, called the square-triangle-rhombus tiling model. This new tiling model is the focus of this thesis. The two-dimensional lattice models referred to as ‘exactly solvable’ are closely related to one-dimensional quantum integrable systems. Over the past few decades, the (coordinate and algebraic) Bethe Ansatz method emerged as a powerful tool in the study of quantum integrable systems. In its modern variant, it is based on the Yang–Baxter algebra and it is the quantum analog of the inverse scattering method. For our problem, the algebraic Bethe Ansatz is used to obtain the solution for the square-triangle-rhombus tiling model. Although the Yang–Baxter equation for the tiling model is established for all values of parameters, the solvability of the model is, however, restricted by our ability to solve the Bethe equations. We were able to do so in closed form in a two-parameter subspace, restricted by the region of solutions of the Bethe equations. We compute the exact expression for the bulk entropy of the new square-trianglerhombus random tiling in the thermodynamic limit, within the solvable region. In this limit, the phases of maximal symmetry of the tiling are identified and the value of the maximum entropy is found to lie on this line. The square-triangle-rhombus tiling exhibits properties that are qualitatively different from its specialisation – the square-triangle tiling. The introduction of rhombi stabilises the system, making the homogeneous tiling entropically favourable over the phase separated tiling, for which the entropy would be a linear combination of the entropies of the quasi-periodic and purely crystalline phases. i
Determining the protocol requirements of in-home cat food digestibility testing

In-home cat food digestibility testing has the potential to yield data that are highly representative of the pet population for which the food is intended. However, no standardized and validated in-home digestibility test protocols are currently available. Such protocols for in-home testing should address key factors that explain variation in cat food digestibility values and here we investigated the required period of adaptation, fecal collection and sample sizes. Thirty privately-owned indoor housed cats of various breeds (20♀ 10♂, 5.9 ± 3.9 yr, 4.5 ± 1.3 kg) received a relatively low and high digestible complete dry extruded food with the marker titanium (Ti) dioxide. Foods were given in a cross-over design of 2 periods of 8 consecutive days each. Owners collected feces daily for the determination of daily fecal Ti concentrations and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, and gross energy. Data originating from 26 cats were analyzed as mixed models and broken line regressions to investigate the required adaptation and fecal collection period. Bootstrap sampling was used to assess the impact of increasing the number of fecal collection days and sample size on the precision of the digestibility estimates. Feces were collected on 347 out of 416 study days (16 days/cat; 26 cats), implying the necessity for multiple collection days to account for cats not defecating every day. Cats showed stable fecal marker concentrations from day 2 onwards when fed the low digestible food and from 3 onwards when fed the high digestible food. Digestibility values were stable from day 1, 2 or 3 onwards, depending on the test food and nutrient. Increasing the number of fecal collection days from 1 to 6 days did not result in more precise digestibility estimates, whereas increasing the number of animals from 5 to 25 cats did. For future in-home digestibility tests of cat food, the findings support a minimum of 2 adaptation days and 3 fecal collection days. Appropriate sample sizes depend on the test food, the nutrient of interest, and the acceptable margin of error. The findings of this study support the protocol development for future in-home digestibility testing of cat foods.
Effect of Different Nonstarter Compensatory Strategies on Training Load in Female Soccer Players: A Pilot Study

Background: In soccer, the day of the week with the highest external load is match day (MD), with starters (>60 minutes per match) showing higher levels of physical fitness and seasonal high-intensity loading. It is necessary, therefore, to determine training strategies to reduce the differences between starters and nonstarters. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the external load of different training compensatory strategies with match external load in female nonstarters. Hypothesis: A strategy combining small-sided games (SSG) and running-based drills (RBD) would reproduce match demands, with RBD leading to greater high-intensity running and SSG leading to a greater number of accelerations and decelerations. Study Design: Descriptive and comparative study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: The training and match external load of 14 female players belonging to the same reserve squad of a Spanish First Division Club (Liga Reto Iberdrola) was registered. In the first session after the match (MD+1), nonstarters (<60 minutes in the match) performed 1 of 3 different compensatory strategies: RBD, SSG, or a mixed intervention combining the previous strategies (RBD+SSG). Starters carried out a recovery session. Results: A marked difference in load was observed between the compensatory training strategies and MD. In comparison with MD, RBD showed greater high-intensity and sprint distances and lower acceleration, SSG showed less high-intensity running and sprint distances, lower peak velocity, and greater acceleration, and RBD+SSG registered lower accelerations. In addition, nonstarters covered greater high-intensity running and sprint distances in RBD and achieved higher accelerations in SSG. Conclusion: RBD and SSG compensatory strategies could be recommended to nonstarter female soccer players in MD+1 to compensate for match external load deficits. Clinical Relevance: This study provides comprehensive information on the compensatory exercises of female soccer players, which can be useful for strength and conditioning coaches when developing recovery strategies during a microcycle.
Singularities of zero sets of semi-invariants for quivers

Let $Q$ be a quiver with dimension vector $\alpha$ prehomogeneous under the action of the product of general linear groups $\operatorname{GL}(\alpha)$ on the representation variety $\operatorname{Rep}(Q,\alpha)$. We study geometric properties of zero sets of semi-invariants of this space. It is known that for large numbers $N$, the nullcone in $\operatorname{Rep}(Q,N\cdot \alpha)$ becomes a complete intersection. First, we show that it also becomes reduced. Then, using Bernstein-Sato polynomials, we discuss some criteria for zero sets to have rational singularities. In particular, we show that for Dynkin quivers codimension $1$ orbit closures have rational singularities.
Estrogen, Progesterone and Androgen Receptor in Primary and Recurrent Pleomorphic Salivary Adenomas

Objective: Our study aimed to characterize alteration in the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptor in the tumour cells of primary pleomorphic adenomas and recurrent pleomorphic adenomas. Methods: A retrospective study of data including 30 cases of primary pleomorphic adenomas (PA) without recurrences and 15 cases of recurrent pleomorphic adenomas were examined (RPA). RPA included 8 males and 7 females. Immunohistochemical expression of estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptor was examined in the selected cases. The percentage of slides was semi-quantitatively assessed by two independent observers and scores were given. The statistical analysis included the use of descriptive statistics and proportional frequencies. Results: AR expression was identified in 12 (40. %) out of 30 cases of (PA) pleomorphic adenomas and 7 of 15 cases recurrent pleomorphic adenomas (RPA) (46 %). The results showed that ER and PR expression were negative in PA and RPA. Conclusion: Androgen receptors might have role in pathogenesis of PA and RPA. Estrogen and progesterone receptors have no role in development of recurrent pleomorphic salivary adenoma.
What is a Starred Tone? Evidence from Greek

The theoretical construct “starred tone” is assumed without comment in virtually all autosegmental analyses of intonation. The notation on which this idea is based—the asterisk or star to indicate accent—appears to have been introduced by Goldsmith in his early discussions of English intonation (1976, 1981). Goldsmith suggested that one syllable in the syllabic tier and one tone in the melodic tier are assigned an accent, “written with an asterisk” (1981:288). The fact that both the tone—e.g. the H tone of the basic declarative contour of American English, HL or MHL, shown in (1)—and the syllable are marked with a star ensures their autosegmental association and, the theory predicts, their phonetic co-occurrence. In addition, the accentual association makes the starred syllable “prominent or ‘distinguished’” (1976:117). (1)
Glutamine synthetase-negative hepatocellular carcinoma has better prognosis and response to sorafenib treatment after hepatectomy

Abstract Background: Glutamine synthetase (GS) and arginase 1 (Arg1) are widely used pathological markers that discriminate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; however, their clinical significance in HCC remains unclear. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 431 HCC patients: 251 received hepatectomy alone, and the other 180 received sorafenib as adjuvant treatment after hepatectomy. Expression of GS and Arg1 in tumor specimens was evaluated using immunostaining. mRNA sequencing and immunostaining to detect progenitor markers (cytokeratin 19 [CK19] and epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM]) and mutant TP53 were also conducted. Results: Up to 72.4% (312/431) of HCC tumors were GS positive (GS+). Of the patients receiving hepatectomy alone, GS negative (GS−) patients had significantly better overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) than GS+ patients; negative expression of Arg1, which is exclusively expressed in GS− hepatocytes in the healthy liver, had a negative effect on prognosis. Of the patients with a high risk of recurrence who received additional sorafenib treatment, GS− patients tended to have better RFS than GS+ patients, regardless of the expression status of Arg1. GS+ HCC tumors exhibit many features of the established proliferation molecular stratification subtype, including poor differentiation, high alpha-fetoprotein levels, increased progenitor tumor cells, TP53 mutation, and upregulation of multiple tumor-related signaling pathways. Conclusions: GS− HCC patients have a better prognosis and are more likely to benefit from sorafenib treatment after hepatectomy. Immunostaining of GS may provide a simple and applicable approach for HCC molecular stratification to predict prognosis and guide targeted therapy.
A Latent Class Analysis of Personal Coping Resources and Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Latinx Adults

Objectives: To identify coping profiles and evaluate their implications for depressive symptoms among Latinx adults. Methods: Data come from a community-dwelling sample of Latinx adults ages 45+ in Florida (N = 461). Latent class analysis was used to identify profiles of personal coping resources based on patterns across spirituality (spiritual coping, divine fate), ethnic identity (centrality, connectedness), and personal control (mastery, self-esteem). Multivariable linear regression assessed differences in depressive symptoms across coping resource classes. Results: Four coping resource profiles were identified: (1) low resources overall, yet high spiritual coping; (2) high spirituality and personal control; (3) high spirituality and ethnic identity; and (4) high resources overall. Members of Class 4 had significantly fewer depressive symptoms than members of Class 1 and Class 3, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, p < . 001. Discussion: Results elucidate nuances in personal coping resources among aging Latinx adults, identify under-resourced groups, and suggest that resource profiles characterized by few personal coping resources are linked with more depressive symptoms. Findings clarify the underpinnings of the latent coping construct and have implications for mental health promotion interventions among aging Latinx adults.
Vasospasm secondary to responsive neurostimulator placement: a previously unreported complication. Illustrative case

BACKGROUND The Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS) system is an implantable device for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who are not candidates for resection of a seizure focus. As a relatively new therapeutic, the full spectrum of adverse effects has yet to be determined. A literature review revealed no previous reports of cerebral vasospasm following RNS implantation. OBSERVATIONS A 35-year-old man developed severe angiographic and clinical vasospasm following bilateral mesial temporal lobe RNS implantation. He initially presented with concerns for status epilepticus 8 days after implantation. On hospital day 3, a decline in his clinical examination prompted imaging studies that revealed a left middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke with angiographic evidence of severe vasospasm of the left internal carotid artery (ICA), MCA, anterior cerebral artery (ACA), and right ICA and ACA. Despite improvements in angiographic vasospasm after appropriate treatment, a thrombus developed in the posterior M2 branch, requiring mechanical thrombectomy. Ultimately, the patient was stabilized and discharged to a rehabilitation facility with residual cognitive and motor deficits. LESSONS Cerebral vasospasm as a cause of ischemic stroke after uneventful RNS implantation is exceedingly rare, yet demands particular attention given the potential for severe consequences and the growing number of patients receiving RNS devices.
The motion of entrapped air cavities in inclined ducts

ABSTRACT The paper reports a study of the water surface profile of an entrapped air cavity while emptying water in an initially filled inclined duct. A one-dimensional (1D) model, which consists of the continuity and momentum equations applicable for open channel flow, pipe flow and air–water interface flow, is developed based on the finite volume method. A pressure drop model is proposed to reproduce a better profile around the cavity front, with a particular focus on air pressure changes inside the confined cavity to simulate a kind of transient flow with an entrapped air cavity. In contrast to the previous studies, the application of the model shows that when the pressure drop is not considered and the air pressure is not changed, the confined cavity soon vanishes. A comparison between the simulated and experimental results shows that the model is able to accurately reproduce the water surface profile of an entrapped air cavity while emptying inclined ducts.
Developmental deficits in male rat pups caused by maternal and dietary administration of chlorpyriphos and cypermethrin: Melatonin’s mitigating effect

The ability of melatonin to reduce growth inadequacy induced by parental and nutritional combination administration to chlorpyriphos (Ch) and cypermethrin (Cy) was examined in male albino rats. Oral alimentation was given to gravid dams divided into six groups (n = 10; age: 12 weeks) from the first day of pregnancy to the 21st postnatal day. Distilled water (DW), Soya oil (SYO), and melatonin (MeL) groups were exposed to 2 mL/kg, 2 mL/kg, and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively; the Ch+Cy group was co-exposed to Ch (1.9 mg/kg of LD50) and Cy (7.5 mg/kg of LD50); the MChCy group was preconditioned with MeL (0.5 mg/kg), followed by co-exposure to Ch and Cy; and the ChCyM group was exposed to Ch and Cy and post treated with MeL. Male offspring rats were tested for ontogeny criteria at various points after accouchement. MeL pre- and post-administration reduced the variation in litter size and weight, number of live/dead pups, anogenital distance , crown-rump length, the timing of eye and ear openings, and testicular descent caused by fetal and nutritional co-administration to Ch+Cy in offspring male albino rats. MeL demonstrated preventive promise as a result of its apparent antioxidative capability.
Krüppel-homologue 1 regulates the development of Tuta absoluta and its cascade regulation pattern in the juvenile hormone signalling pathway

Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is one of the most destructive quarantine pests globally. It has been confirmed that Krüppel-homologue 1 (kr-h1) plays a key role in the regulation of juvenile hormone (JH). However, it is unclear how kr-h1 regulates the synthesis of JH and its cascade regulation pattern in tomato leaf miner. Here, we obtained the six JH signalling genes (kr-h1, Methoprene-tolerant, Forkhead box O, Juvenile acid methyltransferase, Juvenile hormone esterase and Fatty acid synthase 2), and applied RNA interference to explore the role of kr-h1 and the seven genes (plus Vitellogenin) regulation relationship in T. absoluta. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the structural characteristics of kr-h1 protein and JH receptor Met, which contained eight C2H2 zinc finger structures and three typical domains of the bHLH-PAS family, respectively. The expression levels of Met and Vg were upregulated after RNAi of kr-h1 gene, while the gene levels of JHAMT and FAS2 were downregulated. Furthermore, topical application of JH analogue to second instar larvae could induce the expression of kr-h1 and inhibit the expression of Met. Our study reveals the mechanism by which kr-h1 regulates JH pathway genes, which could be applied to control the growth of tomato leaf miners.
Relationship Prediction in a Knowledge Graph Embedding Model of the Illicit Antiquities Trade

ABSTRACT The transnational networks of the illicit and illegal antiquities trade are hard to perceive. We suggest representing the trade as a knowledge graph with multiple kinds of relationships that can be transformed by a neural architecture into a “knowledge graph embedding model. ” The result is that the vectorization of the knowledge represented in the graph can be queried for missing “knowledge” of the trade by virtue of the various entities’ proximity in the multidimensional embedding space. In this article, we build a knowledge graph about the antiquities trade using a semantic annotation tool, drawing on the series of articles in the Trafficking Culture Project's online encyclopedia. We then use the AmpliGraph package, a series of tools for supervised machine learning (Costabello et al. 2019) to turn the graph into a knowledge graph embedding model. We query the model to predict new hypotheses and to cluster actors in the trade. The model suggests connections between actors and institutions hitherto unsuspected and not otherwise present in the original knowledge graph. This approach could hold enormous potential for illuminating the hidden corners of the illicit antiquities trade. The same method could be applied to other kinds of archaeological knowledge.
Effect of Magnetic Field Direction on Forced Convective Heat Transfer of Magnetic Fluid

Effect of magnetic field direction on forced convective heat transfer of magnetic fluid flow in a rectangular duct was investigated experimentally. Magnetic fields were applied to magnetic fluid flow in three directions, which were an axial direction, a parallel direction and a vertical direction against the heat transfer direction. Reynolds numbers based on hydraulic diameter and bulk mean velocity were set at about 980 for laminar flow and about 6700 for turbulent flow. In the case of laminar flow, heat transfer was enhanced in the vertical direction and slightly enhanced in the axial direction, but hardly changed in the parallel direction. In contrast, in the case of turbulent flow, heat transfer was suppressed in all directions. The suppression level in vertical and parallel direction is similar, but the suppression in axial direction is much weaker than those in other directions. Moreover, in order to discuss the heat transfer characteristics, the velocity distribution was also measured by an ultrasonic technique.
Gaussian fluctuations around limit measures of generalized SQG point vortices

We report on recent results on generalized surface quasi‐geostropic point vortex models. The statistical physics of these models is particularly interesting, as their mean‐field limit is a steady solution of the gSQG PDE. We present a central limit theorem‐type result for gSQG point votex models and make a comparison with results for Euler point vortex models.
Existence, non-existence and multiplicity of normalized standing waves for some nonlinear elliptic equations

In this thesis, we study the existence, non-existence and multiplicity of standing waves with prescribed norms for two types of nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations arising from various physical models. The orbital stability of the standing waves is also discussed in some cases. The main ingredients of our proofs are variational arguments. The solutions are found as critical points of an associated functional on a constraint. The thesis consists of seven chapters. Chapter 1 is the Introduction of the thesis. In Chapters 2 to 4, we study a class of nonlinear Schrödinger-Poisson-Slater equations. We establish in Chapter 2 sharp non-existence results of least energy solutions having a prescribed L2-norm. In Chapter 3 we prove an existence result for L2-normalized solutions, in a situation where the associated functional is unbounded from below on the constraint. Our solutions are found as saddle points of the functional but they correspond to least energy solutions. We also prove that the associated standing waves are orbitally unstable. Here a key feature is that, since our suspected critical points are not global minimizers, it is not possible to use in a standard way the machinery of compactness by concentration developed by P. L. Lions. Then, in Chapter 4, we prove that under the assumptions of Chapter 3, there do exist infinitely many solutions having a prescribed L2-norm. In the following two chapters, we investigate a class of quasi-linear Schrödinger equations. Sharp non-existence results of least energy solutions are given in Chapter 5. In Chapter 6 we prove the existence of two positive solutions having a given norm. One of them, is relative to the L2-norm constraint, of saddle point type. The other one is a minimum, either local or global. The fact that the natural functional associated with this equation is not well defined requires the use of a perturbation approach to obtain these two critical points. Finally, in Chapter 7 we mention some questions that this thesis has raised.