Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Mortgage Forbearance on Refinancing : Evidence from the COVID-19 Period ∗

This paper examines the effect of the COVID-19 foreclosure moratorium on refinancing. Through a counterfactual analysis, we show that the foreclosure moratorium decreases significantly the refinancing cost of households and relaxes their refinancing eligibility constraints. Our results imply that granting forbearance to households facing foreclosures has positive externalities on a broader range of households who intend to refinance. Mortgage forbearance thus amplifies the stimulative effect of monetary
Early Life Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Neonatal Dairy Calves Promotes Growth Performance and Alleviates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress during Weaning

Simple Summary Neonatal dairy calves born with an immature immune system and gut microbiota are exposed to several stressors they have to overcome early in life. Therefore, we proposed the use of gut microbiota from a pre-screened healthy adult donor adapted to the local pathogen load to perform a fecal microbiota transplantation in neonatal dairy calves. Our results suggest that early life fecal microbiota transplantation in neonatal dairy calves is a relatively safe method, influencing growth and development and possibly alleviating the stress caused by weaning procedures. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of early life fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on the health and performance of neonatal dairy calves. The donor was selected based on health and production records and fecal material testing negative for infectious pathogens. Sixteen healthy newborn Holstein calves were randomized to either a baseline nutritional program (CON) or 1×/d inoculations with 25 g of fecal donor material (FMT) mixed in the milk replacer (n = 8/TRT) from 8 to 12 days of age. Blood and fecal samples were collected weekly, and calves were weaned at 7 weeks of age. A TRT × Week interaction was observed in haptoglobin, which was reflected in a positive quadratic effect in FMT calves but not in CON. A trend for a TRT × Week interaction was observed in the liver function biomarker paraoxonase, which resulted in greater paraoxonase in FMT calves than CON at three weeks of age. Fecal microbial community analysis revealed a significant increase in the alpha-diversity between week 1 and week 5 for the FMT calves. These results suggest that early life FMT in neonatal calves has positive effects in mediating the inflammatory response and gut microbial maturation.
Passiflora edulis Sims ) Development and characterization of cocoa brownie added of fassion fruit albedo flour ( Passiflora edulis Sims )

The objective of the present work was to study the effect of the addition of passion fruit albedo flour, as a proposal for full use of food, in making a cocoa brownie, as well as evaluate its technological and microbiological characteristics. For this, four brownie formulations were developed, using oatmeal (control) and its partial replacement with passion fruit albedo flour. The entire elaboration process followed the technical standards for quality control. In sequence, physical-chemical evaluations were performed (moisture, ash, total sugars, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and color parameters) and microbiological (thermotolerant coliforms, coagulase-positive Estafilococus and Salmonella). Technological and sensory changes were noticed, so that the higher the flour content of the added passion fruit albedo, the more voluminous, dry and with a rigid consistency the brownies stayed. The results of the physicalResearch, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 8, e45985245, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5245 3 chemical analyzes were within the parameters referenced for this type of product, maintaining characteristics favourable to the preparation of brownies. Regarding colourimetric attributes, it can be seen that the colour of the cocoa brownie has become less intense with the increase in the concentration of passion fruit albedo flour. In all microbiological aspects evaluated, the results showed compliance with the standards established by the legislation. In this way, the passion fruit albedo flour showed great potential for brownie production without interfering with its nutritional and microbiological quality.
TRICHODERMA E HÚMUS LÍQUIDO NO ENRAIZAMENTO DE MUDAS DE ficus carica L.

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de Trichoderma spp. e o humus liquido no enraizamento de mudas de figueira. As estacas foram retiradas durante a poda hibernal de plantas matrizes da cultivar Roxo Valinhos, isto realizada na segunda quinzena de julho de 2016. Essas estacas apresentavam aproximadamente 10 cm e uma gema lateral, apos as mesmas eram colocadas em embalagens de polietileno (25 x 15 cm), contendo uma mistura de substratos composto por Carolina ® e vermiculita expandida na proporcao 4:1 (v:v). Os tratamentos utilizados eram: testemunha, trichoderma, humus liquido 20% e trichoderma + humus liquido 20%. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeticoes, contendo doze estacas cada. As variaveis analisadas foram: sobrevivencia; comprimento de brotos; massa seca radicular, area superficial radicular e massa seca de parte aerea. O trichoderma spp. e o humus liquido nao interferiram na sobrevivencia das estacas de figueira. No caso do desenvolvimento, sao potenciais como promotores de crescimento de mudas de figueira.
Improving Workplace Climate in Large Corporations: A Clustered Randomized Intervention

We evaluate the impact of a training program aimed at improving the relational atmosphere in the workplace. The program encourages prosocial behavior and the use of professional language, focusing primarily on leaders’ behavior and leader-subordinate interactions. We implement this program using a clustered randomized design involving over 3,000 headquarters employees of 20 large corporations in Turkey. We evaluate the program with respect to employee separation, pro- and antisocial behavior, the prevalence of support networks, and perceived workplace climate. We find that treated firms have a lower likelihood of employee separation at the leadership level, fewer employees lacking professional and personal help, and denser, less segregated support networks. We also find that employees in treated corporations are less inclined to engage in toxic competition, exhibit higher reciprocity toward each other, and report higher workplace satisfaction and a more collegial environment. The program’s success in improving leader-subordinate relationships emerges as a likely mechanism to explain these results. Treated subordinates report higher professionalism and empathy in their leaders and are more likely to consider their leaders as professional-support providers.
Integrating Factor Models

This paper proposes a comprehensive framework to address uncertainty about the correct factor model. Asset pricing inferences draw on a composite model that integrates over candidate models using posterior probabilities as weights. While the integrated model is weighted against deviations from the CAPM, evidence shows that (i) considerable time-varying mispricing exists, (ii) unconditional models record near-zero probabilities, and (iii) the post-earnings announcement drift, quality-minus-junk, and intermediary capital factors are incremental to the market. Moreover, equities appear considerably riskier in the presence of uncertainty about the correct model and underlying parameters. Out-of-sample, the integrated model delivers stable and outperforming efficient portfolios.
Nonlinear time‐series forecasts for decision support: short‐term demand for ICU beds in Santiago, Chile, during the 2021 COVID‐19 pandemic

Abstract In Chile, due to the explosive increase of new Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases during the first part of 2021, the ability of health services to accommodate new incoming cases was jeopardized. It has become necessary to be able to manage intensive care unit (ICU) capacity, and for this purpose, monitoring both the evolution of new cases and the demand for ICU beds has become urgent. This paper presents short‐term forecast models for the number of new cases and the number of COVID‐19 patients admitted to ICUs in the Metropolitan Region in Chile.
Anxiety, Excitement, and Asset Prices

This study examines the impact of integral emotions on portfolio decisions and asset prices. Using a new dictionary of anxiety- and excitement-related keywords, we measure the emotional state of the market and compute firm-level sensitivity to changes in market-level emotions (i.e., emotion beta). We find that stocks with high emotion betas outperform low emotion beta firms and this performance differential is corrected in about four months. During the 1990-2018 sample period, a Long-Short investment strategy with high-emotion beta stocks in the Long portfolio and low-emotion beta stocks in the Short generates an alpha of 4.92%. This evidence of emotion-based predictability is distinct from the known pricing effects of mood, sentiment, economic and policy uncertainty, and tone. Collectively, our findings show that emotional connections between investors and firms are priced.
How do Insider Purchases Inform?

The short answer is indirectly and ambiguously. Indirectly, because the price system does not initially act as an information-revealing mechanism when insider purchases are made public. Ambiguously, because before trading, investors bear costs to assess the innate credibility of the insider trade as an informative signal. We find that investors view an open market purchase as credible when they can plausibly infer that risk-averse, under-diversified insiders are willing to bear higher personal risk. These results are consistent with a risk and asymmetry view of purchases where asymmetry is necessary, but not sufficient for insider purchases to inform or to occur.
Managing Other People's Money: An Agency Theory in Financial Management Industry

This paper builds an active asset management model to study the interplay between the career concerns of a manager and the prevailing market conditions. We show that fund managers over-invest in market neutral strategies, as these have a reputational bene t. This bene t is smaller in bull markets, when investors expect more managers to use high beta strategies, making their performance less informative about their ability than in bear markets. We empirically verify that flows of funds that follow high beta strategies are less responsive to the fund's performance and that the flow-performance sensitivity is higher in bear markets.
Regional study of mode-2 internal solitary waves in the Pacific coast of Central America using marine seismic survey data

Abstract. In this paper, a regional study of the mode-2 internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the Pacific coast of Central America is carried out by using seismic reflection method. The observed relationship between the dimensionless phase velocity and the dimensionless amplitude (DA) of the mode-2 ISWs was analysed. When DA < 1, the dimensionless phase velocity increases with the increasing dimensionless amplitude, divided into two parts with different growth rates. When DA > 1, the dimensionless phase velocity increases with the increasing dimensionless amplitude at a relatively small growth rate. We suggest that the influences of seawater depth (submarine topography), pycnocline depth, and pycnocline thickness on the phase velocity of the mode-2 ISWs in the study area, cause the relationship between the dimensionless phase velocity and the dimensionless amplitude diversified. The observed relationship between the dimensionless wavelength and the dimensionless amplitude of the mode-2 ISWs was also analysed. When DA < 1 and DA > 2, the dimensionless wavelength decreases and increases with the increasing dimensionless amplitude, respectively. Additionally, the seawater depth has a great influence on the wavelength of the mode-2 ISWs in the study area, and overall the wavelength increases with the increasing seawater depth. As for the vertical structure of the amplitude of the mode-2 ISWs in the study area, we find that it is affected by the nonlinearity of the ISWs and the pycnocline deviation (especially the downward pycnocline deviation).
Peritoneal mesothelioma with invasion of the urinary bladder 20 years post radiation therapy for colon adenocarcinoma

Abstract We present the case of a 66-year-old male with a history of iatrogenic bladder injury and radiation therapy for colon adenocarcinoma 20 years prior. A computed tomography of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis, reported a presacral mass with invasion to the bladder, ureters and lymph nodes. An initial bladder biopsy was histologically inconclusive. A later biopsy taken during emergency bypass surgery for small bowel obstruction, while the patient was positive for coronavirus disease of 2019, concluded that the mass was a peritoneal mesothelioma of epithelioid origin. The combination management of cytoreductive surgery with intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been a near universal standard of care for epithelioid peritoneal mesothelioma provided that the patient is an appropriate candidate for surgical interventions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma as a second primary carcinoma, many years after exposure to radiation therapy for colon adenocarcinoma.
Association of vitamin B12 deficiency with metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes treated in the largest tertiary care hospital in Qatar

Background: Data on the effect of metformin on serum vitamin B12 (VitB12) level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Qatar are limited; therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence of VitB12 deficiency and its related factors among patients with tbl2DM treated with metformin at Hamad General Hospital in Doha, Qatar, from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2017. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study involved patients with tbl2DM aged ≥ 18 years who used metformin for at least 3 months. The serum VitB12 was quantified on a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay analyzer using Cobas e 801 module, Roche, and VitB12 deficiency was defined as serum VitB12 level of ≤ 145 pmol/L. All data were obtained from the patients’ electronic medical records. Results: The study recruited 3124 eligible patients with tbl2DM. The overall prevalence of metformin-associated VitB12 deficiency was 30.7% [95% confidence of interval, 0.290–0.323]. A significant difference exists in the median VitB12 levels between the VitB12-normal and VitB12-deficient groups [129 vs. 286; p < 0.001]. Compared with the VitB12-normal group, the VitB12-deficient group had higher mean body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) and consumed higher doses of metformin (p = 0.001). They also more often used sulfonylurea (p = 0.004), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (p < 0.001), thiazolidinediones (p < 0.001), glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1] receptor agonists (p < 0.001), alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (p < 0.001), and H2 blocker/proton pump inhibitors [PPI] (p < 0.001) than the VitB12-normal group. Moreover, the VitB12-normal group consumed more calcium supplements (p < 0.001) than the VitB12-deficient group. In the multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for metformin-associated VitB12 deficiency in patients with tbl2DM include high daily dose of metformin >2000 mg, male gender, high BMI, smoking, sulfonylurea, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, H2 blockers/PPI, low fasting blood glucose, and low hemoglobin. Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of VitB12 deficiency in patients with tbl2DM taking metformin and a significant negative correlation between the daily dose of metformin and serum VitB12 level. Therefore, regular screening for serum VitB12 is necessary in patients with tbl2DM on metformin treatment, especially those who have the abovementioned risk factors.
Word learning in the field: Adapting a laboratory-based task for testing in remote Papua New Guinea

Adapting laboratory psycholinguistic methods to fieldwork contexts can be fraught with difficulties. However, successful implementation of such methods in the field enhances our ability to learn the true extent and limitations of human behavior. This paper reports two attempts to run word learning experiments with the small community of Nungon speakers in Towet village in the Saruwaged Mountains, Papua New Guinea. A first attempt involved running a cross-situational task in which word-object pairings were presented ambiguously in each trial, and an explicit word learning task in which pairings were presented explicitly, or unambiguously, in each trial. While this quickly garnered a respectable 34 participants over the course of a week, it yielded null results, with many participants appearing to show simple patterned responses at test. We interpreted the null result as possibly reflecting the unfamiliarity of both the task and the laptop-based presentation mode. In Experiment 2, we made several adjustments to the explicit word learning task in an attempt to provide clearer instructions, reduce cognitive load, and frame the study within a real-world context. During a second 11-day stay in the village, 34 participants completed this modified task and demonstrated clear evidence of word learning. With this success serving as a future guide for researchers, our experiences show that it may require multiple attempts, even by experienced fieldworkers familiar with the target community, to successfully adapt experiments to a field setting.
Tolerability and Efficacy of Long-Term Medical Therapy in Primary Aldosteronism

Abstract Introduction Patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) have increased cardiovascular risk, and there are concerns about the efficacy of medical therapy. Objective We aimed to assess long-term tolerability and efficacy of medical therapy in PA patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective study on 201 PA patients treated with medical therapy (spironolactone, eplerenone, or amiloride) from 2000 to 2020 at 2 tertiary centers. Clinical and biochemical control and side effects were assessed. Results Among 155 patients on long-term medications, 57.4% achieved blood pressure (BP) <140/90 mmHg, 90.1% achieved normokalemia (48.0% potassium ≥4.3 mmol/L), and 63.2% achieved renin >1 ng/mL/h. Concordance of biochemical control using potassium and renin levels was 49.1%. Side effects were experienced by 52.3% of patients, with 10.3% switching, 22.6% decreasing dose, and 11.0% stopping medications. Risk factors for side effects were spironolactone use, dose ≥ 50 mg, treatment duration ≥1 year, male gender, and unilateral PA. Patients with unilateral PA used higher spironolactone doses vs bilateral (57 vs 50 mg, P < 0.001) and had more side effects (63.2% vs 41.8%, P = 0.008). Forty-six unilateral PA patients who underwent surgery after initial medical therapy experienced improved BP (systolic from 141 to 135 mmHg, P = 0.045; diastolic from 85 to 79 mmHg, P = 0.002). Conclusion Dose-dependent side effects limit efficacy of medical therapy in PA. Future prospective studies should assess the best monitoring strategy for biochemical control during long-term medical therapy. For unilateral PA, surgery remains preferable, yielding better control with less long-term side effects.
The effects of cholesterol accumulation on Achilles tendon biomechanics: A cross-sectional study

Familial hypercholesterolemia, a common genetic metabolic disorder characterized by high cholesterol levels, is involved in the development of atherosclerosis and other preventable diseases. Familial hypercholesterolemia can also cause tendinous abnormalities, such as thickening and xanthoma (tendon lipid accumulation) in the Achilles, which may impede tendon biomechanics. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cholesterol accumulation on the biomechanical performance of Achilles tendons, in vivo. 16 participants (10 men, 6 women; 37±6 years) with familial hypercholesterolemia, diagnosed with tendon xanthoma, and 16 controls (10 men, 6 women; 36±7 years) underwent Achilles biomechanical assessment. Achilles biomechanical data was obtained during preferred pace, shod, walking by analysis of lower limb kinematics and kinetics utilizing 3D motion capture and an instrumented treadmill. Gastrocnemius medialis muscle-tendon junction displacement was imaged using ultrasonography. Achilles stiffness, hysteresis, strain and force were calculated from displacement-force data acquired during loading cycles, and tested for statistical differences using one-way ANOVA. Statistical parametric mapping was used to examine group differences in temporal data. Participants with familial hypercholesterolemia displayed lower Achilles stiffness compared to the control group (familial hypercholesterolemia group: 87±20 N/mm; controls: 111±18 N/mm; p = 0.001), which appeared to be linked to Achilles loading rate rather than an increased strain (FH: 5.27±1.2%; controls: 4.95±0.9%; p = 0.413). We found different Achilles loading patterns in the familial hypercholesterolemia group, which were traced to differences in the centre of pressure progression that affected ankle moment. This finding may indicate that individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia use different Achilles loading strategies. Participants with familial hypercholesterolemia also demonstrated significantly greater Achilles hysteresis than the control group (familial hypercholesterolemia: 57.5±7.3%; controls: 43.8±10%; p<0.001), suggesting that walking may require a greater metabolic cost. Our results indicate that cholesterol accumulation could contribute to reduced Achilles function, while potentially increasing the chance of injury.