Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mixing genetically differentiated populations successfully boosts diversity of an endangered carnivore

Biodiversity decline and genetic erosion are among the most challenging conservation issues. Genetic admixture, the mixing of two or more genetically differentiated populations, can increase genetic diversity of admixed individuals. However, genetic admixture for conservation purposes is rare due to concerns over outbreeding depression, loss of local adaptations and scepticism regarding the benefits of mixing populations. We used an introduced population of Tasmanian devils Sarcophilus harrisii descended from two genetically differentiated source populations to illustrate the benefits of genetic admixture for translocation programmes. Devils are endangered due to an infectious cancer causing 80% population declines across their range since disease emergence in 1996. Devil populations are known to be structured on an east‐west cline across Tasmania. As part of their conservation management, devils were introduced to Maria Island, Tasmania in an assisted colonization in 2012 with supplementations in 2013 and 2017. Of the released individuals (N = 34), 23 were western (13M; 10F), four were eastern (4F) and seven were of mixed origin (2M; 5F). The genetic composition of devils born on Maria Island (N = 185) was examined using 927 single nucleotide polymorphism loci. Using a reconstructed pedigree for each individual, we examined the proportion of founding origin (east, west or mixed) and used Shannon’s Diversity Index to quantify the evenness of founder origin. Individuals with mixed origins (N = 102) had higher genetic diversity than purebred individuals (N = 83), and increased evenness of founder origin was positively correlated with genetic diversity. Increased genetic diversity had no influence on reproductive success. For a genetically depauperate species, mixing individuals descended from differentiated populations, resulted in increased diversity in subsequent generations. This finding permits conservation managers to select individuals for translocation that produce offspring with higher genetic diversity, creating high‐diversity source populations that can be used when augmenting other declining wild populations.
Culture Moderates the Normative and Distinctive Impact of Parents and Similarity on Young Adults’ Partner Preferences

To examine cultural, parental, and personal sources of young adults’ long-term romantic partner preferences, we had undergraduates (n = 2,071) and their parents (n = 1,851) in eight countries (Canada, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Malaysia, Philippines, the United States) rate or rank qualities they would want in the student’s partner. We introduce and use a method for separating preference patterns into normative patterns (shared across families and generations) and distinctive patterns (that characterized particular families or individuals). We found that youth everywhere wanted partners who aligned with both their own dispositions and their parents’ preferences, and these alignments reflected both culturally normative preferences and preferences distinctive to specific individuals or families. Students also predicted their parents’ responses: Their predictions were reasonably accurate reflections of what a typical parent prefers, but also reflected distinctive assumed agreement (i.e., they overestimated the degree to which their particular parents shared their particular preferences for qualities that diverged from culturally normative ideals). Culturally normative patterns exerted a stronger influence on actual or assumed parent–child agreement and accuracy in relatively collectivistic Southeast Asia (Philippines and Malaysia) than in relatively individualistic English-speaking North America (the United States and Canada). Conversely, preferences for partners who shared one’s distinctive personal dispositions were stronger in Western than Asian countries.
Investigating Non-formal EFL Teachers’ Wellbeing in an English Course in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Teachers’ wellbeing potentially carries domino effects on their performances in class. Teachers develop their creativity to perform teaching and learning activities in class when they achieve wellbeing. It affects the students whether they enjoy their learning process with the teachers. This qualitative study aims to explore how the non-formal English teachers experience teaching, working dynamics and complexities from teachers’ points of view; and how these subject matters affect their wellbeing. In-depth interviews were conducted to obtain the data from the research participants. The data were analyzed by employing Holmes’s (2005) categories of teachers’ wellbeing. The findings and discussion of this research demonstrates that the teachers achieved intellectual, emotional, and spiritual wellbeing through different trajectories. The result of this study contributes to English courses as companies to maintain the teachers’ wellbeing for the sake of teachers’ performances. Future researchers are suggested to conduct similar study with quantitative approach in order to get bigger and general picture of non-formal EFL teacher wellbeing.
Which Jobs are Done from Home? Evidence from the American Time Use Survey

Which jobs are more likely to be affected by mobility restrictions due to the Covid-19 pandemic? This paper uses American Time Use Survey data to measure the share of the work hours that are spent at home for different job categories. We compute and provide home-working shares by occupation (US census classification, SOC and international ISCO classification), and by industry (US census classification, NAICS and international ISIC classification).
Ecological effects of the invasive parasite Loxothylacus panopaei on the flatback mud crab Eurypanopeus depressus with implications for estuarine communities

The rhizocephalan barnacle Loxothylacus panopaei (Gissler, 1884) is a parasitic castrator that infects xanthid crabs and is invasive on the Us Atlantic coast. It was introduced with infected crabs to chesapeake bay in the mid-1960s, and has since expanded north to Long Island sound, New York, and south to cape canaveral, Florida. results of an 8-mo field study (January-August 2012) indicate mean monthly L. panopaei prevalence of 18.2% ± 6.2 (mean ± 95% cI; n = 66/384; monthly range 9.4%-30.3%) in Eurypanopeus depressus (smith, 1869) in clambank creek, North Inlet, south carolina. Prey consumption was compared between parasitized (externa-bearing) and unparasitized (externa-lacking) E. depressus 8-13 mm carapace width. Parasitized crabs (n = 43) consumed significantly fewer (median = 2) mussels (5-9 mm shell height) than unparasitized crabs (n = 29, median = 4) over 72 hrs, suggesting the ecological role of E. depressus may be modified. The parasite was only found in E. depressus 5.8-14.0 mm carapace width. Unparasitized E. depressus ranged from 2.3 to 17.0 mm carapace width.
Bees of India (Apoidea), their Behaviour, Management and a Key to the Genera

Abstract Most people know the honey bees, Apis mellifera, and perhaps also the big black carpenter bees, Xylocopa spp. , so conspicuous on the plains and favourite subjects for romantic poetry. As early as Vedic times, several sorts of bees were generally recognized. The “bhramara,” “bhowra” or carpenter bees (Xylocopa) were apparently used to carry messages, as homing pigeons are used today. These bees can return to their nests when released as far away as four kilometres, and they are large enough to carry small pieces of paper glued to the thorax. An ingenious technique was used by thieves, who kept some of these bees in a small box “bhramara-karandaka,” from which they were released at night, to fly into and extinguish lamps in the houses to be robbed (Monier-Williams, 1899). In ancient and modern poetry, these insects symbolize a libertine, lover or bearer of love messages; their beauty is also appreciated, for instance, “In Chet, agreeable is the Spring and beautiful the bhowra” (Sri Guru Granth Sahi.
New data on Nasutitermes from French Guiana (Isoptera: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae)

Abstract Nasutitermes octopilis, N. ephratae, N. similis, N. guayanae, N. guayanae form columbicus, and N. surinamensis are cited for the first time from French Guiana on the basis of the soldier and worker castes. The mandible of major worker of N. surinamensis, of small soldier of N. costalis, small worker of N. ephratae, small and major worker of N. similis, and of the major worker of N. guayanae [“form” columbicus (Holmgren, 1910)] are described for the first time.
Episodic Mass Invasions of Juvenile Gadoids into the Wadden Sea and their Consequences for the Population Dynamics of Brown Shrimp (Crangon crangon)

Abstract. The brown shrimp Crangon crungon is considered to be a key species in the coastal waters of the North Sea and in particular in the Wadden Sea, since it occurs in masses and acts as both a highly efficient predator and important prey. The Wadden Sea is the nursery ground for brown shrimp. In 1990, a mass invasion of O-group whiting (Merlangius merlangus) reduced Crangon numbers to almost zero. Similar events, which had previously been reported in the 19th century, were observed in 1959 (whiting), 1970 (cod, Gadus morhua), and 1983 (cod and whiting). The 1990 invasion and the decline of the shrimp stock are documented on the basis of surveys that are compared with the years preceding and following. Consequences for the food web in the Wadden Sea and the reasons for the complete recovery of the shrimp stock in each case within one year after its collapse are discussed with regard to the Crangon crungon behaviour and reproductive potential. Sampling error and the impact of fisheries are also considered.
Occurrence of Stem-end Rot on Mango Fruits Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in Korea

Mango ( Mangifera indica L.), an economically important fruit cropin the subtropics and tropics, was recently introduced into Korea. Itis being cultivated over an area of 20 ha with an annual productionof approximately 300 tons in Jeju Island. In July 2010, stem-end rotswere found on fruits of mango (cv. Irwin) grown in a greenhouse inJeju. In the early stage, the affected fruits appeared as small brownspots. As they enlarged, the lesions became circular, dark brown toblack and water-soaked patches and progressed from the surface toinner part of the fruit (Fig. 1A). Two fungal isolates were obtained from lesions on mango fruits.Cultures were initially white to smoke grey, with fluffy aerialmycelium on potato dextrose agar and became gray or black with afew medium grays in laterstage (F ig.1B) . The pycnidia produced onthe 14-day-old cultures (Fig. 1C) were simple, often aggregated,stromatic, ostiolate and hairy. Paraphyses within the pycnidia werehyaline,cy lindrica septate, occasionallyl, branched. Conidiogenouscells were hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, cylindrical, holoblastic(Fig. 1D). Young conidia were hyaline, unicellular and subovoid toellipsoid, with a granular content (Fig. 1E). Mature conidia wereone-septate, dark brown, thick walled, ellipsoidal, with longitudinalstriations (Fig. 1F) and measured 17.5 −26.8 × 12.3 −17.1 μm (mean22.7 × 14.7 μm). No teleomorph was observed in culture. The twofungal isolates were identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.)Griffon & Maubl. [Synonym: Botryodipodl ia theobromae Pat]. bas edon their morphological and cultural characteristics, and correspondedto previous description for the species (Alves et al., 2008). To confirm the identification, the complete internal transcribedspacer (ITS) rDNA regions and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) of the two fungal isolates, ML1001 and ML1005were amplified using the primers ITS1/ITS4 and EF1-688F/EF1-1251R asd escribed by Alvese at . (20l 08) and sequencedTh . ere sultingsequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession numbersJN542561 and JN542562 for ITS rDNA, JN542563 and JN542564for EF1-α). Sequences of reference isolates were retrieved fromGenBank. A phylogenetic tree derived from combined sequences ofITS rDNA and EF1-α was constructed by the neighbor-joiningmethod with Kimura’s two-parameter distance model using MEGAversion 5.0. In the phylogenetic tree, the present isolates placed inthe same clade with L. theobromae in GenBank and clearlydistinguished from the closely related Lasiodiplodia species, L.parva and L. pseudotheobromae (Fig. 2). Pathogenicity tests were made on mango fruits. The fruits wereperforated with 3 mm cork borer, followed by drop-inoculated with100 μl of conidial suspensions (5×10
The responses of the authoritarian national developmentalism to the structural economic crisis (1973-1985)

ABSTRACT This research analyzes the Brazilian structural economic crisis throughout the 1970s and 1980s and the political responses of the Authoritarian National Developmentalism (1964-1985). Firstly, the study highlights the nature of the international oil crises of 1973 and 1979, showing an unexpected rise in interest rates by the US Central Bank and the tightening of external credit after 1979. Rising interest rates meant the end of liquidity in the international credit finance market and the beginning of a drastically recessive policy in Brazil. These factors contributed to the erosion of the growth model based on external debt, a model reflected in two main paradigms: the “economic miracle” (1968-1973) marked by high GDP growth rates; and the II National Development Plan (II PND) (1974-1979), focused on deepening the import substitution industrialization (ISI). The collapse of authoritarianism led to hyperinflation, external indebtedness, and the state’s fiscal crisis, exposing the hegemony of rentier, nonproductive financial capitalism. The second part of the article investigates the negative externalities of the structural economic crisis at the social level, such as concentration, centralization, and closing of the decision-making process, hindering workers’ participation; the intensification of union mobilizations for wage recomposition; the spread of unemployment/underemployment in metropolitan regions; the wage squeeze; the increase in unhealthy labor relations and, therefore, the thinning of the social fabric.
Determinants of self-care behaviors in patients with knee osteoarthritis based on the theory of planned behavior in Iran

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevailing causes of knee joint pains depending on age and one of the main reasons for functional deficiency. As patients are in need of effective self-care plans in promoting health, so that, this study was conducted with an aim to study the determinants of self-care behaviors in the patients with knee OA referring to clinical centers of Yazd city based on theory of planned behavior (TPB). Methods: The cross-sectional study was performed on 235 patients who referred to the health-care centers of Yazd city. A questionnaire was developed and used to collect the data based on TPB constructs. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software and by the statistical tests of correlative coefficient, Chi-square, and linear regression at 0.05 significance level. Results: This study was conducted on 235 patients. Based on the results of Pearson correlation test, the self-care behaviors of knee OA had a statistically significant positive correlation with all constructs of the TPB (P < 0.05). Following data analysis, the constructs of the TPB predicted 8% of the variance of intention and 16.2% of the variance of OA self-care behaviors. Conclusion: According to the results, the TPB can be suitable for explaining knee OA self-care behavior. Furthermore, recurrent training can be effective in promoting behavioral intention of patients in self-care.
Seasonal changes in photosynthetic capacity of leaves of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) vines

The seasonal trend of photosynthetic capacity of leaves of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa) vines growing in the field was examined, by measuring the response of net photosynthesis (A) to irradiance (PAR) at monthly intervals for leaves that emerged at different stages of the growing season. A climate controlled minicuvette system was used, to ensure constant environmental conditions, apart from the controlled changes in leaf irradiance. Responses of A to irradiance were described using asymptotic exponential curves, providing estimates of the radiation saturated rate of A (Asat), and the reponse of A to increasing incident PAR at low PAR levels (ϕi). The change in photosynthetic capacity with leaf age was similar for leaves emerging 1, 2, 3 or 4 months after bud burst. At 1 month after leaf emergence, when leaves were fully expanded, Asat was 9–11 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1. Maximum photosynthetic capacity was not attained until 3–5 months after leaf emergence, when Asat was 16–17 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1. The increasing photosynthetic capacity during 3–5 months after leaf emergence was closely related to concomitant changes in leaf N and chlorophyll contents. The possibility that N import to the leaf was a significant factor limiting the development of photosynthetic capacity is discussed.
The diet of the mountain hare (Lepus timidus hibernicus) on coastal grassland

Across most of their range in Europe, mountain hares are usually restricted to upland areas with poor food quality. In these areas they generally feed on browse species such as heather or twigs and barks of trees. On lowland areas in Europe, with better food quality, the mountain hare is replaced by the brown hare (Lepus europaeus) which feeds predominantly on greasses. This khas led some authors to conclude that mountain hares are primarily adapted for browsing. In the absence of brown hares in Ireland, mountain hares are found on a wide variety of habitats including grassland. On grassland, their diet consists almost exclusively of grasses, up to 94% of their annual diet, which is more than has been reported for brown hares on similar habitat. Based on this evidence, and other work, it is proposed that the mountain hare in primarily a grazing animal and competitive exclusion by brown hares may underlie much of their present distribution in Europe.
Age, Growth, and Reproduction of Sheepsheads in South Carolina

Abstract The sheepshead Archosargus probatocephalus is a common estuarine and reef species that is found year round in South Carolina. Although not commercially important, the sheepshead is a significant recreational species, and most of the fishing pressure occurs in state waters. From 1990 to 2005, 5,692 sheepsheads were collected from fishery-dependent and fishery-independent monitoring programs in South Carolina. Fish ranged from 102 to 605 mm in fork length (FL) and were caught during every month of the year. Ages ranged from 0 to 19 years for males and from 0 to 23 years for females; the dominant age-classes were ages 2–5. Marginal increment analysis confirmed the formation of a single annulus per year, and annulus formation began in May. Males and females did not significantly differ in FL at age t(FLt) or total weight at age t (Wt); the pooled von Bertalanffy growth models were FLt = 498[1 - e-0.297(t + 110)] and Wt = 3,778[1 -e-0.165(t - 0.548)]2.997. Both males and females exhibited the first signs of sexual maturity at age 1, and 100% maturity was reached at age 4. Batch fecundity estimated late in the spawning season ranged from 18,400 to 738,500 oocytes/spawning event and averaged 235,000 oocytes/spawning event. Fork length, W, and age were positively correlated with fecundity. Although size was a better predictor of fecundity than age, the relationship was weak due to the high variability in size at age. Comparisons of growth parameters for sheepsheads studied in the southeastern United States indicated that South Carolina sheepsheads tend to have a larger maximum FL and a greater maximum age than fish found in the Gulf of Mexico.
A study of migrant and wintering Bluethroats Luscinia svecica in south‐eastern Spain

Seasonal phenology, population structure and biometry, were studied in Bluethroat Luscinia svecica during two consecutive winters in south‐eastern Spain. The species occurred at the study area from August to March, with the majority of captures (53%) occurring in autumn (September ‐ October.) Of these, a minimum of 3% (n=2), subsequently overwintered in this area, according to the retrap data. Sex ratios were not significantly different from 1:1 in both 1992/93 and 1993/94 seasons. Age ratios differed significantly from 1:1 in 1992/93, due to larger numbers of first years than adults. Three subspecies (L.s.svecia, L.s.cyanecula and L.s.namnetum) were recorded, L.s. cyanecula being the most abundant with 85% of ringed birds. Weight did not vary with time of capture, although there was a high correlation between weight and fat level. The mean weights throughout the study period ranged between 14.3g (January) and 17.7g (March). Biometric analysis showed significant differences between sexes in all the parame.
Diverse Response of Five Ornamental Plant Species to Mixed Indigenous and Single Isolate Arbuscular-Mycorrhizal Inocula in Marginal Soil Amended with Organic Matter

Abstract Five ornamental plant species, Petunia hybrida, Tegetes erecta, Callistephus chinensis, Papaver rhoeas, and Dianthus caryophyllus were inoculated with a consortium of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Mi) and a single culture of Glomus intraradices (Gi) in non-sterile, P-deficient sandy loam soil amended with organic matter under field conditions. Mycorrhizal inoculation increased flowering only in C. chinensis, whereas in P. hybrida and T. erecta fewer flowers were recorded in AM-inoculated plants. Total number of flowers in AM-inoculated plants increased by a maximum of 39% in C. chinensis over uninoculated controls. AM colonization and propagule density were found to vary with host and type of AM culture used. Maximum AM colonization was recorded in T. erecta (87.9%) and P. hybrida (85.5%) when inoculated with Mi or 73.6% and 75%, respectively, when inoculated with Gi. The highest AM inoculum production was also recorded in these two hosts with an up to 200-fold increase in the number of infectious propagules at harvest. The smaller number of flowers in P. hybrida and T. erecta was attributed to heavy root colonization coupled with production of large numbers of spores, perhaps indicating the possibility of a fungal carbon drain. This study has the potential to enhance the production of ornamental crops, particularly in nutrient-deficient soils using biologically-based farming systems. Also, a buildup of the mycorrhizal inoculum in soil amended with organic matter during the cropping of these ornamental hosts could be useful in producing AM fungal inoculum for large-scale applications and for decreasing inoculum costs.