Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus: A review of current perspectives

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a potentially reversible syndrome characterized by enlarged cerebral ventricles (ventriculomegaly), cognitive impairment, gait apraxia, and urinary incontinence. A critical review of the current prospectives in the diagnosis and treatment of both idiopathic and secondary NPH has been done in our article. NPH is an important cause of potentially reversible dementia, frequent falls, and recurrent urinary infections in the elderly. The clinical and imaging features of NPH may be incomplete or nonspecific, posing a diagnostic challenge for medical doctors, and often requiring expert assessment to minimize unsuccessful surgical treatments. Recent advances resulting from the use of noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging methods for quantifying cerebral blood flow, in particular arterial spin-labeling, and the frequent association of NPH and obstructive sleep apnea, offer new avenues to understand and treat NPH.
Chest radiographic findings of pulmonary tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients in a teaching hospital in Kano Northwest, Nigeria

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infections to occur in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and remains a global emergency despite substantial investment in health services. Aim: This study aims to determine the spectrum of chest X-ray findings in patients with HIV/TB coinfection. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of the clinical and radiographic features of pulmonary TB (PTB) in 244 confirmed HIV-seropositive patients aged 9 months to 80 years. Descriptive statistics was employed in analyzing mean percentages and frequencies. Level of statistical significance between clinical findings, radiographic findings, age group, and gender was determined using z-test. Statistical significance was set atP ≤ 0.05. Results: The study constituted of 104 (42.62%) males and 140 (57.38%) females with mean age of 31.62 ± 16.93 years. The major clinical features among HIV-related PTB patients in this study are cough in 56.6% patients, chest pain in 11.44% patients, weight loss in 10.26% patients,P < 0.05. Chest X-rays with normal findings were found in 60.0% patients, while primary patterns of PTB such as reticulonodular opacities occurred in 16.61% patients, typical post primary patterns such as background cystic/fibrotic changes were found in 3.39% patients, and miliary pattern in 2.73% patients. The age group 26–38 years was frequently involved in TB coinfections in both sexes,P < 0.001. The percentages of males and females with TB infection were 40.98% and 56.15%, respectively. Conclusions: Normal chest X-rays constitute the major findings; primary and postprimary patterns of PTB account for the least findings with the age group 26–38 years as the most occurring (91, 37.30%). Females were more frequently involved in TB coinfection. The preponderance of normal radiographs does not exclude the presence of TB coinfection.
Can Mangled Extremity Scoring System (MESS) solve the mess of vascular trauma

Introduction: Trauma is the new scourge of humankind as without utmost and urgent care, it can result in the loss of limb and life. Civilian trauma is mostly caused by road traffic accidents with resultant skeletal, vascular, and neurological injuries. Vascular injuries most commonly involve the extremities and occur in young males. Materials and Methods: Ours is prospective observational study, in which 50 patients of the lower limb vascular injury were included in the study. Results: All of them were male, and mostly, they were in the second and third decades of life. Popliteal artery was the most commonly injured vessel, and road traffic accident was the most common mode of injury. Fifty-six percent (n = 28) had favorable outcomes with 8% mortality (n = 4). Twenty-six (52%) patients had bony involvement, the most commonly injured bone was tibia (n = 16, 32%). The mean warm ischemia time was 15.56 ± 14.03 (range: 3–48) h. Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) scores were significantly different in salvaged and nonsalvaged limbs (P = 0.004). The sensitivity and negative predictive value of MESS were very high (100%), but the specificity and positive predictive value for unfavorable outcomes were low (57.14% and 64.71%). Skeletal injury, neurological involvement, and a blunt mechanism of injury were found to have a significant association with an unfavorable outcome in the patients. Conclusion: We concluded that MESS cannot be completely relied on, and the surgeon's clinical assessment and experience are necessary to decide the plan of management. Warm ischemia time is not the most important factor affecting limb survival, and other factors such as neurological and bony involvement need to be considered. MESS helps to frame the data for the clinician and can help in counseling patients, and their families that poor outcomes are more likely when MESS score is high. Further, large-scale, multicenter randomized trials are necessary for the identification of other risk factors and their incorporation into scoring systems.
Prevalence of leukocytes in type 2 diabetic patients in Erbil City

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a global health concern affecting children, youth, and adults. Type 2 DM (T2DM) is considered an inflammatory disease as inflammation can trigger the insulin signaling, assumingly by promoting beta cell death. Objectives: This comparative study has been conducted on white blood cells in diabetic patients to examine the relationship between inflammation and blood glucose levels. Methods: Blood samples from both males and females were obtained randomly and measured at Rizgary Teaching Hospital and Media Laboratory in Erbil City during October 2015 till March 2016. Blood glucose levels and different types of leukocytes were measured in T2DM patients and compared with nondiabetic patients. Results: The results showed an increment in the percentage of monocytes and neutrophils in diabetic females and a decrement in the percentage of lymphocytes as compared to controls, in contrast to diabetic males where an increment in the percentage of monocytes and lymphocytes was found. Conclusions: It has been proven by this study that leucocyte count is elevated in diabetic patients, in reference to the hyperactivated immune system in such people. However, the results revealed that the inflammatory system showed a significant difference between diabetic and nondiabetic people, reflecting on the importance of such system in the response of a body to the lack of control over blood glucose.
Effect of different coloring techniques and surface treatment methods on the surface roughness of monolithic zirconia

In the face of the era of big data, how to ensure the authenticity of electronic data has become an important practical issue. Online preservation methods based on hash operation, time stamp, and blockchain technology can effectively guarantee the authenticity and security of electronic data. Blockchains are inherently traceable, de-centralized, and difficult to tamper with, which can be enough served as the basic technology of electronic data certification. Preservation by blockchain mainly includes the following links: platform registration and identity authentication, generation and transmission of electronic data, and storage of electronic data. Preservation by blockchain has higher security than centralized online security because of distributed storage. However, it should be acknowledged that the preservation by blockchain is not without risk. The court should adhere to the principle of individual review of each case and review the electronic data from its generation, transmission, reception, storage, and collection.
Profile of high-risk pregnancy attending primary healthcare centers in Babylon governorate in 2019

Background: Access to healthcare and prevention of maternal and neonatal mortality are of major components of social justice. Pregnancy could be a distinctive and natural physiological method among females, however will be deteriorated following background or sudden disorders of mother or fetus. Pregnancy is classified as high risk when mother, fetus, or neonate is more susceptible to disability, disorders, or death. High-risk pregnant mothers are women with history of chronic diseases (hypertension, thyroid disease cardiovascular disorders, and diabetes mellitus), history of abortion during previous pregnancies, multiparity, those aged <18 or more than 35 years, intervals <3 years pregnancies, delivery by cesarean section (CS), and gravidity more than four. Objectives: (1) Identify the prevalence of high-risk pregnancy (HRP) attending primary health care centers in Babylon province. (2) Assess the risk factors associated with HRP. Patients and Methods: An exploratory descriptive cross-sectional study to be conducted at about 10 primary healthcare centers include a convenient sample of 290 pregnant women who visit the antenatal care unit in Babylon governorate from February to May 2019. There are two tools used for data collection: Tool I: Morrison and Olsen high risk scoring inventory tool, it is simple, valid form for antenatal risk scoring which categorize patient as low, (0–2) high (3–6) or extreme high (7 or more) on the basis of past obstetric history, medical and surgical history and current pregnancy. Tool II: An interview questionnaire sheet designed by researches for data collection by which the pregnant are to be interviewed for about 10 min after giving their verbal consent. Results: The mean age of pregnant women is 25.53 ± 5.72; 54.1% from urban area and the majority not employee, i.e., 92.4% and their education level was primary, i.e., 37.6%, 40.7% had + ve husband consanguinity, and 86.2% had regular menstrual cycle. The risk factor affecting current pregnancy was mainly: anemia (18.6%) and hypertension (6.9%), and 6.2% sensitized due to RH negative. The factors affecting past pregnancy included the following: multipara (8.3%), previous miscarriage (12.1%), and previous CS (16.2%). Only 3.1% had previous surgery in the genital tract, 3.2% had gestational diabetes, and 1.7% had chronic hypertension. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the need for health surveillance and education, counseling and guiding women at risk. Early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and prevention should be taken as soon as possible by regular antenatal care to prevent complication.
Seroepidemiology of human parvovirus B19 among pregnant women in Erbil, Iraq

Background: Human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) is a member of the family Parvoviridae. It can be transmitted congenitally from an infected mother to the embryo. The virus has been implicated in hydrops fetalis, spontaneous abortion, aplastic crisis, and acute symmetric polyarthropathy. Objective: The present study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of HPV B19 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies among apparently healthy pregnant women and to define the risk factors associated with. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from consenting pregnant women who were attending Erbil Maternity hospitals from the period between January 2018 and June 2019. The sera were obtained from samples were analyzed for IgG and IgM antibodies of HPV B19 using (EUROIMMUN AG, Luebeck Germany) ELISA Classic Parvovirus B19 IgG/IgM kits. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemography and risk factors. Results: A total of 349 pregnant women were enrolled in this study and were screened for both IgM and IgG antibodies. Overall, 139 (39.8%) were positive for parvovirus B19 IgG and 32 (9.2%) had IgM antibody. Demographics including age group, occupation, number of children, and trimester of pregnancy. The differences of distribution of the Parvovorus IgG in relation to the above-mentioned demography were as follows: age >35 years: highly significant (P ≤ 0.01), second trimester: nonsignificant, homemakers: highly significant (P ≤ 0.01), ≥5 children highly significant (P ≥ 0.01). The differences of distribution of the Parvovorus IgM in relation to the above-mentioned demography were as follows: age <20 years: significant (P ≤ 0.05), second trimester: nonsignificant, homemakers: highly significant (P ≤ 0.01), ≥5 children: significant (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: HPV B19 is prevalent in Erbil, Iraq. More than half (51%) of the women were IgG negative, so they are susceptible to the HPV B19 infection. Hence, there is a need for routine screening for B19 IgM antibodies for all women of childbearing age and subsequent clinical management of positive cases.
Severity of disability in persons with schizophrenia and its sociodemographic and illness correlates

Background: Disability is a major public health issue across a person's lifespan. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that causes considerable disability in a person's functioning. It has major setback on the person's life which drastically affects various areas of life. The current study aimed to investigate the severity of disability in persons with schizophrenia and to see its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Materials and Methods: Sixty persons who met the criteria for schizophrenia as per the International Classification of Diseases-10 were recruited from Psychiatry Outpatient Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The sample was assessed using the sociodemographic data sheet, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and World Health Organization-Disability Assessment Schedule-II. Results: The overall disability level seemed to be moderate, but severe disability was noted in the areas of social participation and interpersonal relationship. Conclusion: Primarily, the study would help to bring about better comprehensive treatment, including rehabilitative plans to reduce the burden of disability while improving the functioning level of the persons with schizophrenia.
Antibacterial activity of bacillomycin D-like compounds isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HAB-2 against Burkholderia pseudomallei

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect on Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) strain HNBP001 of a bacillomycin D-like cyclic lipopeptide compound named bacillomycin DC isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HAB-2. Methods: The antibacterial effect of bacillomycin DC on B. pseudomallei was determined using the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated by microdilution assay. In addition, transmission electron microscopy was performed and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was carried out to determine the expression of MexB, OprD2, and qnrS genes. Results: Bacillomycin DC produced an inhibition zone against B. pseudomallei with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 12.5 μg/mL 24 h after treatment and 50 μg/mL at 48 and 72 h. Transmission electron microscopy showed that bacillomycin DC resulted in roughening cell surface and cell membrane damage. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed low expression of MexB, OprD2 and qnrS genes. Conclusions: Bacillomycin DC inhibits the growth of B. pseudomallei and can be a new candidate for antimicrobial agents of B. pseudomallei.
AN ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS INFLUENCING RESISTIVITY AND PULSATILITY INDICES IN DIABETES MELLITUS

common complication of diabetes mellitus, accounting for more than 25% of all end stage renal diseases and is the third most common cause of ESRD in sub-Saharan Africa. It has been shown that assessment of renal Doppler indices such as Resistivity Index (RI) and Pulsatility Index (PI) are effective methods of assessing renal functional status thus complementing the use of laboratory values and other imaging modalities. In this study, we assessed the effects of age, sex, hypertension and disease duration on renal Doppler indices in diabetic subjects. Subjects and Methods: Eighty adult diabetic subjects were recruited consecutively along with 80 apparently healthy non-diabetic controls matched for age, sex and body mass index (BMI). They were taken through socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory evaluation to assess BMI, Blood Pressure, Glycated Haemoglobin, etc. Thereafter pulsed Doppler indices (RI and PI) of the right renal artery were obtained from the spectral waveform of the interlobar or arcuate arteries at 3 different regions (upper, middle and lower poles) and the mean values recorded during arrested respiration. Doppler evaluations were performed by one investigator who was blinded to the biochemical parameters obtained from all study subjects. Data was analysed using SPSS package version 17. Results: The mean RI and PI values were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in controls (RI of 0.72 ± 0.06 Vs 0.63 ± 0.06, P < 0.0001 ) and (PI of 1.36 ± 0.24 Vs 1.08 ± 0.20, P< 0.0001). There was a graded increase in the mean values of the RI and PI with advancing age in diabetics as well as in controls. Significant positive correlation was also noted between the subjects ages and the renal Doppler values (p <0.05). Duration of diabetes, as well as that of hypertension, had a significant impact on the Doppler indices (RI and PI) which progressively increased with increasing duration. Gender did not have any influence on the renal Doppler indices. Conclusion: Renal RI and PI were significantly higher in diabetics as compared to the control subjects. Age caused a significant increase in renal PI values in both the diabetic and control groups but only in the renal arterial RI values in the control group when the age grouping method was used. Hypertension and disease duration were also noted to significant increase in renal Doppler indices in the diabetic subjects.
Single-cell mass cytometry reveals cross-talk between inflammation-dampening and inflammation-amplifying cells in osteoarthritic cartilage

This study defines a single-cell proteomic atlas of human OA cartilage to reveal rare subpopulations that stratify patients. Aging or injury leads to degradation of the cartilage matrix and the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Because of a paucity of single-cell studies of OA cartilage, little is known about the interpatient variability in its cellular composition and, more importantly, about the cell subpopulations that drive the disease. Here, we profiled healthy and OA cartilage samples using mass cytometry to establish a single-cell atlas, revealing distinct chondrocyte progenitor and inflammation-modulating subpopulations. These rare populations include an inflammation-amplifying (Inf-A) population, marked by interleukin-1 receptor 1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor II, whose inhibition decreased inflammation, and an inflammation-dampening (Inf-D) population, marked by CD24, which is resistant to inflammation. We devised a pharmacological strategy targeting Inf-A and Inf-D cells that significantly decreased inflammation in OA chondrocytes. Using our atlas, we stratified patients with OA in three groups that are distinguished by the relative proportions of inflammatory to regenerative cells, making it possible to devise precision therapeutic approaches.
Virus, allergic sensitisation and cortisol in infant bronchiolitis and risk of early asthma

Background Acute bronchiolitis during infancy and human rhinovirus (HRV) lower respiratory tract infections increases the risk of asthma in atopic children. We aimed to explore whether specific viruses, allergic sensitisation or cortisol levels during acute bronchiolitis in infancy increase the risk of early asthma, using recurrent wheeze as a proxy. Methods In 294 children with a mean (range) age of 4.2 (0–12) months enrolled during hospitalisation for acute infant bronchiolitis, we analysed virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates, serum specific immunoglobulin E against food and inhalant allergens, and salivary morning cortisol. These factors were assessed by regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex and parental atopy, for risk of recurrent wheeze, defined as a minimum of three parentally reported episodes of wheeze at the 2-year follow-up investigation. Results At 2 years, children with, compared to without, recurrent wheeze had similar rates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (82.9% versus 81.8%) and HRV (34.9% versus 35.0%) at the acute bronchiolitis, respectively. During infancy, 6.9% of children with and 9.2% of children without recurrent wheeze at 2 years were sensitised to at least one allergen (p=0.5). Neither recurrent wheeze nor incidence rate ratios for the number of wheeze episodes at 2 years were significantly associated with specific viruses, high viral load of RSV or HRV, allergic sensitisation, or morning salivary cortisol level during acute bronchiolitis in infancy. Conclusion In children hospitalised with acute infant bronchiolitis, specific viruses, viral load, allergic sensitisation and salivary morning cortisol did not increase the risk of early asthma by 2 years of age. In infants with acute bronchiolitis, specific viruses including human rhinovirus, viral load and/or allergic sensitisation did not increase the risk of asthma by 2 years of age. http://bit.ly/2tCE9Yd
LC-3和P62在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床特征分析

背景与目的 LC-3和P62是参与自噬过程的两个重要蛋白，在许多恶性肿瘤中高表达并与预后有关。 本研究的目的在于探讨自噬标记物LC-3、P62蛋白在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床特征。 方法 应用免疫组化法检测66例非小细胞肺癌患者肿瘤组织中LC-3和P62的表达情况，分析其表达状态与临床特征的关系。 结果 LC-3在非小细胞肺癌组织中阳性表达率为40. 9%（27/66），P62在非小细胞肺癌组织中阳性表达率为65. 2%（43/66）。 LC-3的阳性表达与患者的病理类型及转移情况明显相关（P < 0.05）；而P62的阳性表达与患者的病理类型，临床分期及淋巴结转移明显相关（P < 0.05）。 LC-3和P62的阳性表达与患者的性别、年龄和吸烟史无明显相关性（P > 0.05）。 LC-3与P62在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达呈负相关性（rs=-0.065, P < 0.001）。 Kaplan-Meier分析显示LC-3蛋白阳性表达的患者5年生存率明显高于阴性表达的患者（P < 0.05），而P62蛋白的阳性表达确与患者的生存率无显著相关性。 结论 LC-3和P62在非小细胞肺癌组织中呈现异常表达，提示自噬参与了非小细胞肺癌的发生及发展过程。