Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental calibration of aluminum partitioning between olivine and spinel as a geothermometer

Abstract The temperature dependence of the partitioning of Al2O3 between forsterite-rich olivine and Crrich spinels has been experimentally calibrated at 100 kPa between 1250 and 1450 °C under reducing conditions. For spinel with values of YCr between 0.07 and 0.69, and containing <0.1 Fe3+ atoms and <0.025 Ti atoms per 4 O atoms the experimental data can be fit to an equation: where YCr = Cr/(Cr + Al) in spinel in atomic proportions and KD = Al2O3ol/Al2O3sp in wt%. This equation reproduces the temperature of the experiment for the calibration data set within ±22 °C. Empirical tests suggest that this geothermometer has little pressure dependence within the range of pressures encountered in the crust and upper mantle.
Deposition and Clearance Modeling of Inhaled Kaolin Refractory Ceramic Fibers (RCF) in Hamsters—Comparison Between Species

AbstractA dosimetry model of refractory ceramic fibers in the hamster lung has been developed based upon the data from recent exposure and recovery experiments conducted by the Research and Consulting Company in Geneva, Switzerland. The modeling results of hamsters showed significant differences from those of an earlier study in rats regarding deposition and clearance of these fibers in the lung. Despite smaller airway size of hamsters, alveolar deposition per breathing cycle in the hamster was found to be higher than that in the rat due to the higher upper airway deposition in rats. The calculated mean deposited fiber size was found to be larger in the hamster, and there were more thin and long fibers deposited in the hamster lung. It was also found that alveolar clearance of refractory ceramic fibers was faster in the hamster. The clearance rate in the hamster did not appear to be fiber size dependent but it varied with lung burden. The higher clearance rate in the hamster resulted in a lower fiber accu.
Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) Light-Duty Inter-Laboratory Exercise: Repeatability and Reproducibility of the Particle Number Method

A Euro 4 Light-Duty Diesel vehicle equipped with a diesel particulate filter (DPF) was circulated to 9 labs where repetitions of the current regulatory New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) were conducted. Regulated gaseous and improved (with cyclone, filter temperature 47 ± 5°C, constant filter face velocity, high precision balance at all labs) particulate mass (PM) measurements were also conducted. A reference particle number (PN) measurement system measuring non-volatile particles was circulated along with the test vehicle. Labs also tested their own PN systems built to comply with the reference system's performance specifications. The mean PN emissions level of the vehicle was below 1 × 1011 particles/km. The intra-lab variability (repeatability) was ∼ 40% and the inter-lab variation was ∼ 25%. The study showed that the new PN method had similar variability to other gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons and better than the PM (intra-lab variability ∼ 55% and inter-lab ∼ 35%). Even with the improved PM method the emissions of the vehicle were similar to the background level (∼ 0.4 mg/km) and the method was subject to volatile artifact. The PN method showed greater sensitivity than the PM method as it could distinguish the DPF fill state or different preconditioning states of the vehicle. However, the PN emission level of the vehicle estimated by the reference system were on average 15% higher than any given lab's own system, indicating that the procedures and calibration designed for the standardization of performance should be precisely defined and followed.
X-ray diffraction analysis of molten NaCl near its melting point

The first peak position in the radial distribution curve g(r) of molten NaCl was obtained as 2.73 A by an X-ray diffraction analysis, which was consistent with that of Zarzycki. Therefore, the first peak position in g(r), 2.6 A, obtained by neutron diffraction has too low a value and cannot be used as evidence of coincidence with the computer-simulation calculations.
Preparation and Evaluation of Theophylline Sustained-Release Tablets

AbstractFormulations were prepared containing 50% theophylline; 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, or 49.5% of a new sustained-release agent (Carbopol® 974P); 0.5% lubricant, with the remainder of the formula consisting of spray-dried lactose. Similarly, a formulation containing 30% Carbopol 934P was prepared for comparative study. The tablets produced showed good mechanical properties. The disintegration time of the tablets was dependent on the type and percentage of the sustained-release agent as well as the pH of the medium. The drug release profiles were consistent with the disintegration time; increasing the percent of Carbopol 974P in the tablet and holding its weight constant resulted in a decrease in drug release rate. Approximately 10% Carbopol 974P provided the same sustained-release mechanism as 30% Carbopol 934P without tablet sticking during compression. Carbopol 974P matrices exhibited release profiles which were best described by mixed zero-order and Higuchi linear square root of time relationships. Th.
Ultra-light, compressible and fire-resistant graphene aerogel as a highly efficient and recyclable absorbent for organic liquids

Compressive graphene aerogels were obtained by the one-step reduction and self-assembly of graphene oxide with ethylenediamine and then freeze-drying. The aerogels hold good compressibility, variable electrical resistance and fire-resistance. The high porosity with a hydrophobic nature, allows the aerogels to absorb different organic liquids, and the absorption–squeezing process has been demonstrated for oil collection.
Density-functional-theory-based study of the dehydroxylation behavior of aluminous dioctahedral 2:1 layer-type clay minerals

Density-functional calculations have been performed to investigate the mechanism of dehydroxylation in both cis- and trans-vacant pyrophyllite. In agreement with predictions from experiment, calculations show that both form a trans-vacant dehydroxylated structure, with aluminum in trigonal-bipyramidal coordination and a highly distorted tetrahedral layer. Differences in the dehydroxylation behavior of cis- and trans-vacant pyrophyllite are due to the fact that in the former, adjacent hydroxyl groups bridge different pairs of aluminum atoms, while in the latter they bridge the same pair. These conclusions are thought to be valid for all aluminous dioctahedral 2:1 layer type clay minerals.
e effect of iodine supplementation on its output and thyroid gland status in dairy cows on a diet containing rapeseed meal

Effects of iodine supplement ethylenediamine dihydroiodide and rapeseed meal (RM) on iodine output in milk and urine and on the thyroid gland status were studied in an experiment involving eight dairy cows. e experiment was established as a 4 × 4 Latin square; two groups of dairy cows received a feed mixture containing RM (group RM) and two groups were without RM (group SM). In both variants one group received an iodine supplement (RM I ; SM I ) while the other did not (RM 0 ; SM 0 ). e iodine supplement increased iodine concentration in milk significantly ( P 0.05). Iodine supplementation resulted in a significant increase in urinary iodine concentration ( P 0.05). RM did not influence the concentrations of T 3 , total T 4 , and free T 4 significantly; the T 3 /T 4 ratio remained unchanged as well.
Colloid-Enhanced Desorption Of Zinc In Soil Monoliths

The desorption and co-transport of metals by ex situ water dispersible soil colloids moving through macropores was evaluated in a leaching experiment utilizing Zn-saturated soil monoliths. The monoliths were created by hydraulically driving steel pipe sections (50 cm diameter 2 50 cm length) into a Loradale silt loam soil (fine, silty, mixed, mesic Typic Argiudolls). Each monolith was saturated in excess of the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) with ZnCl 2 , then leached at a constant flux with a suspension of water-dispersible colloids fractionated from either the Bt or O horizon of a Beasley (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Hapludalfs) or Rayne (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Hapludults) soil, respectively. Eluents from the monoliths were collected and analysed periodically for colloid and Zn concentration in the soluble and sorbed phase. Colloid and Zn concentration in the eluents varied greatly with respect to colloid type. The Beasley colloid, which had a small particle diameter (< 800 nm) and high sorptive affinity for Zn, showed considerable migrating ability through the soil matrix and enhanced Zn desorption by up to 400 times over that exhibited by a distilled water flushing solution. Eluted Beasley colloids were saturated with Zn at concentrations greater than 50% of the soil's CEC. Enhanced Zn desorption by colloids generated from the organic horizon of the Rayne soil was insignificant because the large colloid size (> 1200 nm) limited transport through the soil matrix. Mineralogical analysis of the eluted colloids revealed that in situ colloid generation was negligible, thus confirming that nearly all of the desorbed Zn fraction was due to the ex situ applied colloid.
Magnesium‐Catalyzed Proficient Reduction of Oximes to Amines Using Ammonium Formate

Abstract Various aldoximes and ketoximes were selectively reduced to the corresponding amines by catalytic transfer hydrogenation employing low cost magnesium powder and ammonium formate at room temperature. Many other functionalities such as halogens, –OH, –OCH3, –COOH and –CH3 remained unaffected. The hydrogenation is fast, mild, clean, cost effective and high yielding.
Determination of Binary Diffusion Coefficients of Benzene and Some Alkylbenzenes in Supercritical CO2 between 308 and 328 K in the Pressure Range 80 to 160 bar with Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC)

Binary diffusion coefficients D12 have been determined for benzene, n-propylbenzene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene in supercritical CO2 at 40°C from 80 to 160 bar and additionally between 35 and 55°C at 110 and 130 bar with the chromatographic broadening technique (CBT). The effect of secondary flow was investigated. The observed binary diffusion coefficients are of the order of 2 · 10−4 cm2 · s−1. For a pressure rise from 80 to 160 bar, the diffusion coefficients decrease by about 50%. The isobaric temperature dependence of diffusion coefficients at 110 bar is substantially higher than that at 130 bar; for constant densities ρ, however, the temperature coefficients seem to be very small. n-Propylbenzene was found to diffuse faster than its structural isomer 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene. At higher densities F ≡ (D12· ρ) /(D12 · ρ)id rises well above the value given by the Enskog-Thorne theory and finally approaches approximately unity. Die binaren Diffusionskoeffizienten D12 von Benzol, n-Propylbenzol und 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzol wurden bei 40°C von 80 bis 160 bar sowie bei 110 und 130 bar von 35 bis 55°C nach der chromatographischen Peakverbreiterungsmethode experimentell bestimmt. Der Effekt der Sekundarstromung wurde untersucht. Die beobachteten Diffusionskoeffizienten sind von der Grosenordnung 2·10−4 cm2 · s−1. Durch eine Druckerhohung von 80 auf 160 bar bei 40°C werden die Diffusionskoeffizienten um etwa 50% herabgesetzt. Bei 110 bar wurde eine hohere Temperaturabhangigkeit des binaren Diffusionskoeffizienten beobachtet als bei 130 bar; sie ist jedoch recht gering bei konstanter Dichte ρ. n-Propylbenzol diffundiert unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen schneller als sein Strukturisomer 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzol. Die experimentell erhaltenen Werte fur die Grose F ≡ (D12 · ρ)/(D12 · ρ)id liegen hoher als die nach der Enskog-Thorne-Theorie berechneten; bei hohen Dichten erreicht der experimentelle F-Faktor ungefahr der Wert eins.
Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Dimediasi Oleh Motivasi Kerja Pada Tenaga Pendidik Politeknik Angkatan Darat

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi dan kompensasi terhadap kinerja dimeadiasi oleh motivasi kerja pada tenaga pendidik Politeknik Angkatan Darat. Penelitian explanotary research ini berpopulasi sejumlah 63 orang tenaga pendidik yang mengajar di Politeknik Angkatan Darat, dan diambil sampel dengan teknik sampel jenuh. Data dianalisis dengan path analysis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Kompetensi, kompensai, motivasi kerja, dan kinerja pada tenaga pendidik Politeknik Angkatan Darat berada pada tingkat baik; 2) Kompetensi secara langsung berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja pada tenaga pendidik Politeknik Angkatan Darat; 3) Kompensasi secara langsung berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja pada tenaga pendidik Politeknik Angkatan Darat; 4) Kompetensi secara langsung berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pada tenaga pendidik Politeknik Angkatan Darat; 5) Kompensasi secara langsung berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pada tenaga pendidik Politeknik Angkatan Darat; 6) Motivasi kerja secara langsung berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pada tenaga pendidik Politeknik Angkatan Darat; 7) Kompetensi dengan mediasi motivasi kerja secara tidak langsung berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja pada tenaga pendidik Politeknik Angkatan Darat; 8) Kompensasi dengan mediasi motivasi kerja secara tidak langsung berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja pada tenaga pendidik Politeknik Angkatan Darat.
Surface characterization of keratin fibres treated by water vapour plasma

The effect of water vapour plasma treatment on the shrinkage behaviour and chemical properties of the surface of keratin fibres was studied. The wettability and shrink resistance of wool were improved even at low plasma treatment times. The values of the advancing contact angles of keratin fibres treated with plasma provide evidence of the formation of hydrophilic groups in the wool surface. Analysis by XPS reveals that oxidation of the fatty acid monolayer (F‐layer) prevails over its removal in the early stages of plasma treatment. The increase in treatment time results in a progressive removal of the F‐layer. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Cellulose in a Continuous-Feed and -Flow Reactor: Effects of NaCl

A dual-zone, continuous-feed tubular reactor is used to assess the potential for formation of products from the incomplete combustion in thermal oxidation of cellulose. Solid cellulose powder is fed continuously into a volatilization oven, where it fragments and vaporizes under steady-state conditions. The gas-phase polymer fragments flow directly into a second, constant-temperature, main flow reactor and undergo further pyrolysis and oxidation. Temperatures in the main flow reactor are varied independently to observe conversion, intermediates, and final products. Combustion products are monitored at main reactor temperatures from 400 to 750 °C at a 2.0-s residence time and fuel equivalence ratios (φ) of 0.25 and 0.8 with four on-line GC/FID instruments. Polymer reaction products and intermediates are further identified by GC/MS; 41 species are positively identified in the pyrolysis and oxidation of cellulose, and an additional 59 species are tentatively identified. Increasing reactor temperature at const.
The effect of natamycin on keeping quality and organoleptic characters of yoghurt

This study was planned to evaluate the shelf life a nd the changes occurring in the organoleptic characters of yoghurt supplemented wit h natamycin during the storage period. Yoghurt samples were prepared and divided into two groups; natamycin was added to the first group at the levels of 10 and 20 mg / kg, while the second group of yoghurt was prepared without natamycin and kept as a control . Yoghurt cups were stored all over the experimental period (35 days) at 4 ± 1 oC. Organoleptic examinations, estim ation of pH and titertable acidity as well as enumeration of total moulds and yeasts were done on both treated and control yoghurts. The yoghurts were examined at the 3 rd and 7 th days, then weekly till the end of storage period. The treated group of yoghurt showed acceptable degree o f organoleptic examination, while yeasts and moulds were not detected till the end of the storag e time. On the other hand, control samples of yoghurt showed unacceptable degrees of examination and contamination with moulds and yeasts. Natamycin was proved to be a suitable and effective antifungal agent which increases the shelf life of yoghurt without changing in the normal character s of the products.
Zipper-like unfolding of β-sheets accessed by pioneer water molecules: Atomic resolution of forced unfold reveals different mechanisms for parallel and antiparallel motifs

In this study, quantum mechanical calculations were used for an atomic level investigation of the β-sheet unfolding mechanism aided by pioneer water molecules accessing the structural motif. Results indicate that there is a qualitatively different forced unfold mechanism for parallel and antiparallel β-sheets. In the case of parallel β-sheets, the presence of only a single water molecule could already be enough to stimulate rupture of consecutive backbone hydrogen bonds by stepping from one H-bond to the next one, similarly as a slider opens up a zipper. The extension curves and energetics obtained at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory correlate well and may explain the hyperfine resolution of experimentally observed sawtooth patterns in single molecule studies where external pulling force was applied.
Experimental Measurement of Coal Matrix Shrinkage Due to Gas Desorption and Implications for Cleat Permeability Increases

Coal is not an inert reservoir rock and reacts to gas desorbed from its surface. Coal matrix shrinks as gas is desorbed, increasing cleat width and, therefore, permeability. Very few coal matrix shrinkage data have been reported in the literature so a series of experiments was undertaken to measure such data at reservoir pressures, temperatures, and 100% relative humidity. Strain gages were affixed to the coal sample in the face and butt cleat directions as well as the vertical direction. This work reports measured deformations of a sample of high volatile C bituminous coal from the San Jan Basin during sorption and desorption of first methane then CO 2 . A pressure cycle was also run with helium, a nonsorbing gas, to determine mechanical compliance of the sample. Observed strain gage behaviors are discussed and shrinkage coefficients for both gases reported. Matrix shrinkage was found to correlate with gas content rather than pressure, confirming the work of a previous investigator. Shrinkage coefficients varied more among replicate gages aligned in the same direction than between gages in different directions. Anisotropic shrinkage effects are discussed. Using a matchstick geometry model, equations are derived for permeability change due to matrix shrinkage. Coefficients reported here are used in example calculations of absolute permeability and porosity increases during coalbed depletion.
On the Kinetic Theory of Dense Fluids. XIII. The Mobility of Negative Ions in Liquid Ar, Kr, Xe

In this paper we report measurements of negative ion mobilities in liquid Ar, Kr, and Xe, and a comparison of the observations with the modern statistical theory of transport. It is tentatively suggested that the negative ion involved in these studies is O2—. Accepting this premise, quantitative agreement between theory and experiment is attained if the depth of the non‐Coulomb portion of the potential well of the O2—–Ar interaction is a factor 3.4 greater than the depth of the O2–Ar potential well. Uncertainties in the calculation of the pair correlation function prevent confirmation of all details of the theory.
Silica gel from water glass: a SAXS study of the formation and ageing of fractal aggregates

The influence of pH, cations, F- and temperature on the aggregation, gelation and ageing of aqueous silica gels has been investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). At both low and intermediate pH (pH--4 and 6-8, respectively), fractal aggregates are formed during gelation from silicic monomers or small oligomers. The fractal dimensionality is 2-20 (5), to be expected for reactionlimited cluster-cluster aggregates. During ageing silicic ions dissolve from the more soluble peripheral primary particles and condense in the crevices of the core of the aggregates. This process results in an increase in the size of the scattering primary particles and in a decrease in the fractal dimensionality of the silica aggregates from D--2-25 to D--2.0 or D1.85. The ageing processes are strongly enhanced by a slight increase in the pH of the solution, addition of fluorine anions and a rise in temperature. The aged silica gel is constructed of an ensemble of densified aggregates of which the density variation within the aggregates is larger than that of the freshly prepared aggregates. The primary particles of which the aggregates are built grow during ageing from molecular size to dense particles in the nanometer range, the ultimate radius depending on the type and duration of the ageing process.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry Study of Blends of Poly(ethylene glycol) with Selected Fatty Acids

a series of blends of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with different molecular weights with: (i) capric, (ii) lauric, (iii) myristic, (iv) palmitic or (v) steraric acid, as a thermal energy storage material, has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Transition temperatures and latent heat of transition of PEG, fatty acids and their binary blends were determined since these properties are of primary importance in the design of phase change energy storage materials. The experimental results showed that iy is possible to obtain homogeneous (as indicated by DSC data) polymer/fatty acid blends by mixing in the melt and subsequent solidification. The melting ranges of PEG/fatty acid systems were observed to be from 30 to 72°C while their heat of transition lies in the range of 168-208 J.g -1 . Synergistic action of the components was found for PEG 10 000/steric acid blend - heat of transition was ca. 15 and 35% higher than for pure stearic acid and PEG, respectively. This phenomena may be explained in terms of strengthened specific interactions via hydrogen bonding leading to formation of more perfect crystalline lattice.
Pneumatic conveying of granular solids in horizontal and inclined pipes

Computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to investigate the pneumatic conveying of granular solids through an inclined pipe at different inclinations. Model predictions agreed reasonably well with the measurements reported by Tsuji and Morikawa in 1982 for mean gas and solids velocities. The results of influence of model parameters, inclination angle, and feeding conditions on the flow patterns were also reported. Particle–wall collisions were found to have a very significant effect on the solids distribution over the cross section of the conveying tube for large particles. Upon introducing finite-amplitude sinusoidal fluctuations in the gas velocity at the inlet of the pipe, solids density waves were observed to move along the conveying line with significant axial dispersions. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 1729–1745, 2004