Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of IPO Offer Price Ranges on Initial Subscription, Initial Turnover and Ownership Structure—Evidence from Indian IPO Market

In this paper, we establish the significance and effects of initial public offer (IPO) offer price ranges on subscription, initial trading, and post-IPO ownership structures. The primary market in India provides a unique setting for estimating the effect of various initial public offer (IPO) price ranges and IPO issue factors on the initial demand for an IPO among investors, measured by full IPO subscription/oversubscription, initial turnover (liquidity), and the post-IPO listing ownership structure among investors (ownership). For the IPO pre-listing stage, this study uses firth logistic regression to estimate the effect of various IPO offer price ranges (low to high) and various IPO issue factors on the full subscription/oversubscription of an IPO in each investor category. For the post-IPO listing stage, the study uses OLS regression to estimate the effect of various IPO offer price ranges (low to high) and various IPO issue factors on the initial trading ratio (IPO listing day trading) and the ownership percentage between institutional and individual investors. We find that all investor categories show a lesser likelihood for full subscription or oversubscription of an IPO issue at the lowest range of IPO offer prices. At the post-listing stage, the results indicate a diverse IPO offer price range in which individuals and institutions maximize their respective ownership holdings after the IPO listing. The results further show that lower promoter holdings diffuse higher ownership among individual shareholders by targeting lower IPO offer prices, thus increasing control.
Using a Micro Sampler on a Drone to Extract Organic Vapors—A Case Study of Monitoring Industrial Pollution

ABSTRACT Kaohsiung city located in the southern Taiwan is an industrial town and air pollutants were emitted from factories in the adjacent industrial zones. In order to track the pollution emission sources, a needle trap sampler (NTS), which is a micro solid phase microextraction (SPME) sampling device, was carried by a quadrotor drone to extract organic vapors from industries. The NTS was fabricated by packing divinylbenzene (DVB) particles of 60–80 mesh diameters into a 7 cm-long, 22-gauge stainless steel needle. The telescoping sampling device was carried by a DJI Mavic Pro quadrotor drone, and its effectiveness for extracting organic vapors from industrial processing air exhausts from chimneys was studied. The total weight of sampling device, including a NTS, a telescoping shaft, a Li-battery, a mini-air pump and the ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) loading frame, was less than 200 g. The mainly emitted compounds, including aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene of 1,450±650 ppb, ethylbenzene of 34±12 ppb and xylenes of 51±25 ppb), formaldehyde (50±12 ppb), alkanes (propane of 30±10 ppb), triacetin (7,620±1600 ppb) and terephthalic acid (20±5 ppb) were collected and then identified by the off-line gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectroscopy (MS) system in the laboratory. The quadrotor drone successfully monitored air pollution and tracked their emission sources from waste incineration, petroleum refinement, chemical processing and electronic part production.
Characteristics of an electron beam pumped KrF laser amplifier with an atmospheric‐pressure Kr‐rich mixture in a strongly saturated region

Amplifier characteristics of a KrF laser were investigated as a function of Kr concentration for a wide range of input intensity. The experiments were performed with atmospheric‐pressure mixtures excited by a 65‐ns (full width at half‐maximum), 160‐A/cm2 electron beam. The extracted intensity (output intensity minus input intensity) from a single‐pass (50 cm) amplifier was maximized at an input intensity around 5 MW/cm2 and then, the power efficiencies were 12.6, 13.7, 13.3, and 11.3% for Kr concentrations of 10, 20, 40, and 99.4%, respectively. The small‐signal gain, absorption coefficient, and saturation intensity were determined for each mixture by using an analysis due to Rigrod [J. Appl. Phys. 36, 2487 (1965)]. The KrF* formation efficiency and the extraction efficiency were also obtained as a function of Kr concentration.
The OH-initiated atmospheric oxidation of pinonaldehyde: Detailed theoretical study and mechanism construction

The pinonaldehyde + OH reaction proceeds via H-atom abstraction by OH, which can occur on six different carbon atoms. For each of these OH-attack/H-abstraction sites in pinonaldehyde, a detailed mechanism of product formation in atmospheric conditions is developed, based solely on quantitative structure activity relationships (SARs) and on theoretical quantum chemistry methods, combined with transition state theory calculations or RRKM. Invoking only “classical” alkyl-, alkylperoxy- and alkoxy chemistries, the objective fate of some 30 organic radical intermediates was in this way predicted. Total primary product yields were obtained by propagating the product fractions of each step in the mechanism. Overall predicted product molar yields for high-NO conditions are: 22.9% 4-hydroxynorpinonaldehyde, 9.9% acetone, 12.9% CH2O, 30.3% organic nitrates, 73.8% CO2, 11.4% HC(O)OH, 16.6% norpinonaldehyde and CO, and 16.6% other (hydroxy)(poly)carbonyls. In more realistic atmospheric conditions, at lower NO levels, our theoretically predicted yields differ only regarding 4-hydroxynorpinonaldehyde (38.2%), HC(O)OH (0.3%), and nitrates (26.2%). The classical radical chemistries adopted in this work fail to reproduce the very high yield of CH2O (∼150%) observed in a recent laboratory investigation.
Partitioned Fault Movement and Aftershock Triggering: Evidence for Fault Interactions During the 2017 Mw 5.4 Pohang Earthquake, South Korea

The 2017 Pohang earthquake (Mw 5.4) is the largest earthquake associated with fluid injection activities. We report new characteristics of the earthquake and propose a dislocation‐type model explaining previously reported observations. We identify fault geometry by relocating the hypocenters of 1,132 events that occurred during the first 3 months and then resolve their source regions as the northern, central, and southern patches, based on event groups with similar waveforms. The spatial features of these similar waveform groups, in addition to our obtained source mechanisms, indicate that oblique contraction is prevalent in the source region: Reverse faulting dominates the southern fault and the deeper part of the central fault; near‐parallel strike‐slip sense controls the northern fault and the shallower part of the central fault. Furthermore, we identify a migrating aftershock pattern that matches the fluid diffusion process along both sides of the northern and central faults. This observation suggests the interconnection of the two faults, allowing fluid transport, and implies mainshock coseismic movement along the fault intersection. The coseismic slip of the fault intersection can induce a fault‐valve process, which explains the aftershock migration pattern along the two intersecting faults. The proposed fault interaction accounts for the previously reported uplift between the two intersecting faults and successfully reproduces the non‐double‐couple mechanism of the mainshock. Our results raise the question of fluid‐faulting interactions in the aftershock seismicity of the Pohang earthquake, and the complex fault movement provides insight into the rupture process that allowed the Pohang earthquake runaway.
Nitrogen Deprivation in Fremyella diplosiphon Augments Lipid Production without Affecting Growth

Metabolic products such as lipids and proteins produced in cyanobacteria represent an excellent source of biomass and do not compete with agricultural land use unlike soybean and corn. Given their potential use as novel materials for biodiesel production, we aimed to explore the effect of cultivation period and nitrogen concentration on the growth rate and lipid content of Fremyella diplosiphon, a model cyanobacterium. In this study, F. diplosiphon grown in BG11/HEPES medium supplemented with 1.5 g L−1 sodium nitrate (NaNO3) for 7, 10, 15, and 20 days were compared to the untreated control in media amended with 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g L−1 NaNO3. Cultures were inoculated in liquid media and grown under continuous fluorescent light in an orbital incubator shaker, and extracted lipids subjected to gravimetric analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy to determine the best culture conditions for lipid production. Our results demonstrated that a reduction in nitrogen concentration had no significant effect on the growth rate across all cultivation periods; however, the accumulation of total lipid content was significantly influenced by nitrogen concentration. A maximum lipid production (40%) with no reduction in growth was observed in 10-day old cultures in a BG11/HEPES medium supplemented with 1.0 g L−1 NaNO3. Fatty acid methyl ester composition of transesterified lipids demonstrated high amounts of methyl palmitate (50–70%) followed by methyl octadecenoate (17–30%) in the accumulated lipids at all treatments. Trace quantities of methyl dodecanoate, methyl hexadecanoate, methyl octadecanoate, and methyl octadecadienoate (1–8%) were also observed in all tested samples, indicating that nitrogen deprivation in culture media increases lipid production without affecting growth.
The Effect of Institutional Ownership on the Timing of Earnings Announcements: Evidence from the Russell Index Inclusion

Using the annual Russell 1000/2000 index reconstitution as an exogenous shock to institutional ownership (IO), I examine the effect of IO on firms’ decisions regarding the time of day to announce earnings. I argue that firms with high IO strategically choose to announce earnings after hours to facilitate post-announcement price discovery and reduce volatility because the after-hours period is largely dominated by sophisticated institutional investors. I find that firms with greater IO are more likely to announce earnings during after-market sessions (i.e., after hours after the market closes), but not during premarket sessions (i.e., after hours before the market opens). My analysis further shows that transient IO has a stronger influence on the likelihood of after-market announcements relative to quasi-indexer or dedicated institutional holdings and that firms with high IO are even more likely to announce during after-market sessions when firms have bad earnings news or when earnings include large transitory items. Lastly, I find that announcing earnings during after-market sessions indeed facilitates post-announcement price discovery and reduces volatility for firms with high IO. Collectively, my findings suggest that IO is a significant factor in firms’ disclosure timing decisions and that the timing of disclosures affects price discovery and volatility.
Breaking electrolyte symmetry in induced-charge electro-osmosis

Abstract Induced-charge electro-osmotic (ICEO) flow caused by an alternating electric field applied around an infinitely long, ideally polarizable, uncharged circular cylinder in a binary electrolyte with unequal cation and anion diffusion coefficients is analysed. The thin-Debye-layer and weak-field approximations are invoked to compute the time-averaged, or rectified, quadrupolar ICEO flow around the cylinder. The inequality of ionic diffusion coefficients leads to transient ion concentration gradients, or concentration polarization, in the electroneutral bulk electrolyte outside the Debye layer. Consequently, the electric potential in the bulk is non-harmonic. Further, the concentration polarization alters the electro-osmotic slip at the surface of the cylinder and generates body forces in the bulk, both of which affect the rectified ICEO flow. Predictions for the strength of the rectified flow for varying ratio of ionic diffusion coefficients are in reasonable agreement with available experimental data. Our work highlights that an inequality in ionic diffusion coefficients – which all electrolytes possess to some extent – is an important factor in modelling ICEO flows.
Magnetic properties and site occupancy of iron in nontronite

Abstract The magnetic susceptibilities of seven different nontronites in their natural oxidation states were measured between 5 and 100 K. Results revealed that the magnetic exchange interaction in all samples was antiferromagnetic, except no clear minimum occurred at the Néel temperature. Possible explanations for this phenomenon which are discussed include magnetic dilution due to isomorphous substitution, and antiferromagnetic frustration due to either non-centrosymmetric distribution of octahedral Fe3+ or tetrahedral Fe3+ substitution. A computer simulation model was developed to demonstrate the effects of these variables on long-range magnetic ordering. Magnetic dilution and tetrahedral Fe3+ content could explain the anomalous antiferromagnetic behaviour in some, but not all, samples. The non-centrosymmetric model is the only one which explains the behaviour of all samples. In this model, at least 13% of the octahedral Fe3+ would occupy trans-dihydroxide sites, with the balance in cis sites. Magnetic frustration occurs because two Fe3+ neighbours of a third Fe3+ ion are also neighbours to each other, making the simultaneous satisfaction of all antiferromagnetic exchange interactions impossible.
Evaluating (cid:1) suk ū k investment intentions in Pakistan from a social cognitive perspective

Purpose – This study aims to evaluate cognitive, personal and environmental factors affecting investors ’ behavioral intentions (BI) to invest in (cid:1) suk ū k (Islamic investmentcerti ﬁ cates)inPakistan. Design/methodology/approach – Data from 462 participants were collected through survey- questionnaires by using the convenient sampling technique. Hypothesized proposed relationships among the constructs were examined by applying the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique through smart partial least squares. Findings – Compatibility, internal in ﬂ uence, external in ﬂ uence and intrinsic motivation were found to be signi ﬁ cant predictors of investors ’ BI to invest in (cid:1) suk ū k . In addition, it was found that the religious aspect not only affects investors ’ BI positively but also works as a moderator in the relationships between BI and both internalandexternal in ﬂ uence. Practical implications – The results are quite helpful for (cid:1) suk ū k issuers and regulators to consider cognitive, personal and environmental factors that might enhance the adoption of (cid:1) suk ū k , especially among Muslim investors. Originality/value – This study is among the few research studies that shed light on investors ’ BI to invest in (cid:1) suk ū k . Using social cognitive theory, the study investigates the cognitive, personal and environmental factors in ﬂ uencing (cid:1) suk ū k adoption, which were previously unexplored. In addition, this is the ﬁ rst study that unveils thein ﬂ uential factors of (cid:1) suk ū k Muslim-majoritycountry. association between internal in ﬂ uence, external in ﬂ uence and BI. This shows that issuers, including the government, can effectively increase investment in (cid:1) suk ū k by using mass media to promote
Short communication: Effects of Canarium indicum oil in enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats

Rahman H, Anggadiredja K, Gusdinar T, Sitompul JP, Tursino. 2020. Short communication: Effects of Canarium indicum oil in enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 168-174. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the neurotrophins family and plays an essential role during the development of neurons called neurogenesis. Since BDNF is critical for the function and survival of neurons, thus it represents the neuroprotective agent which useful in preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we investigated BDNF serum concentrations after feeding the canarium oil (CO) and Canarium oilbased structured triglyceride (COST) in rats. Analysis of the BDNF serum was conducted by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results demonstrated that the CO and the COST with the main composition of unsaturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position as much as 94.92% mol may enhance BDNF serum concentrations of up to 2.66% and 21.96% compared to the normal group of rats, respectively. This finding proves that the COST has prospects as an inducer of BDNF. However, further studies should be conducted to identify the precise dosage and safety products.
Engagement styles in an environmental citizen science project

This paper identifies the diverse ways in which participants engage with science, through the same citizen science project. Using multiple data sources, we describe various activities conducted by citizen scientists in an air quality project, and characterize the motivations driving their engagement. Findings reveal several themes, indicative of participants motivations and engagement; worried residents, education and outreach, environmental action, personal interest and opportunistic engagement. The study further illustrates the interconnectivity between science communication and citizen science practices and calls for nurturing this relationship for the mutual advancement of both fields.
Workplace Values and Organizational Commitment of Basic Education Teachers in Catholic Schools

One of the basic essential questions that many thinkers ask is whether values are teachable or not. Values essentially play a significant role in people's behavior, attitudes, perceptions, and motivations. Accordingly, these are manifested in the practice of their work. In this context, the workplace values are concerned with an individual's belief towards performance and evaluative standards relative to their professional duties and responsibilities. The fact that the integration of these values is the best predictor of organizational commitment. In the Diocesan schools of Antique, the teachers seem to have inadequately assimilated and minimally imbibed the practice of Christian and work values, which compromise their commitment to the profession. Thus, the paper assessed the practice of workplace values and the degree of organizational commitment of basic education teachers in Antique Diocesan Catholic Schools (ADCS) for the School Year 2019-2020. Likewise, it determined the difference in the two variables when teachers were grouped according to their age, sex, length of service, and educational attainment. Also, it analyzed the correlation between their practice of workplace values and the degree of organizational commitment.
Strategies to manage the risks faced by consumers in developing e-commerce

The study investigates the management of risk in ECommerce and what different barriers are faced by consumers during an uncertain and risky situation. The study utilizes both primary and secondary data in order to get reliable results. There are different risk factors that affect the purchasing behaviour of consumers who shop online. The consumer’s perception of risk may be the result of all the emotional processes through which consumers recognize, organize and provide meaning to sensations received, such as the need for product quality, safety online and overall satisfaction. The primary data consists of a survey of online shoppers. The research data and questionnaire was administered to 972 internet users who are classed as experienced and avid users. The secondary data includes an analysis of the various theories of consumer behaviour, models of online adoption, risk factors to marketing and shopping online, models of the adoption of innovation and new ways of marketing and trade. Both techniques are utilized that would examine the relationship between perceived risk strategies and customer satisfaction as well as examined the customer involvement and propensity to take risk on existing relation of online shopping.
Differential Facial Articulacy in Robots and Humans Elicit Different Levels of Responsiveness, Empathy, and Projected Feelings

Life-like humanoid robots are on the rise, aiming at communicative purposes that resemble humanlike conversation. In human social interaction, the facial expression serves important communicative functions. We examined whether a robot’s face is similarly important in human-robot communication. Based on emotion research and neuropsychological insights on the parallel processing of emotions, we argue that greater plasticity in the robot’s face elicits higher affective responsivity, more closely resembling human-to-human responsiveness than a more static face. We conducted a between-subjects experiment of 3 (facial plasticity: human vs. facially flexible robot vs. facially static robot) × 2 (treatment: affectionate vs. maltreated). Participants (N = 265; Mage = 31.5) were measured for their emotional responsiveness, empathy, and attribution of feelings to the robot. Results showed empathically and emotionally less intensive responsivity toward the robots than toward the human but followed similar patterns. Significantly different intensities of feelings and attributions (e.g., pain upon maltreatment) followed facial articulacy. Theoretical implications for underlying processes in human-robot communication are discussed. We theorize that precedence of emotion and affect over cognitive reflection, which are processed in parallel, triggers the experience of ‘because I feel, I believe it’s real,’ despite being aware of communicating with a robot. By evoking emotional responsiveness, the cognitive awareness of ‘it is just a robot’ fades into the background and appears not relevant anymore.
Zingerone Attenuates Pi-induced Vascular Calcification via AMPK-mediated TIMP4 Expression

Objective Vascular calcification requires the differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblast-like cells. This phenomenon can be enhanced by inflammation and oxidative stress. Zingerone is one of the active ingredients present in the ginger plant that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Other functions include anti-obesity, anti-nausea effects. However, the functions of zingerone on vascular calcification has not yet been elucidated. This study investigated the effect of zingerone on vascular calcification and its molecular mechanism. Methods Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR and Western blot analysis was used to measure expression levels of osteogenic marker genes and to investigate whether calcification was regulated by the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4 (TIMP4). Alizarin red S staining was used to measure calcium deposition. Studies were carried out in VSMCs. Results Zingerone induced the expression of 2 markers of VSMCs differentiation (α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and smooth muscle 22α (SM22α)) and decreased the expression of core-binding factor α-1 (CBFA1). Additionally, zingerone decreased inorganic phosphate (Pi)-induced expression of distal-less homeobox 5 and CBFA1. AMPK phosphorylation and TIMP4 expression were increased by zingerone. Importantly, zingerone protected VSMCs from calcification, and this protective effect was confirmed by increased TIMP4 via overexpression of AMPK, and inhibition of TIMP4 by Compound C. Zingerone upregulated AMPK/TIMP4 expression and recovered Pi-induced inhibition of TIMP4. Conclusions Taken together, our results show that zingerone inhibits Pi-induced vascular calcification by regulating the AMPK/TIMP4 signaling cascade in VSMCs. These results suggest that the natural product zingerone could be useful for treating vascular and metabolic diseases.