Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crafting intermediate care: one team’s journey towards integration and innovation

Aim This paper describes one multi-disciplinary, multi-agency team’s development of Person-Centred Intermediate Care (PCIC) for older people. This development involved integrating three separate enterprises – a not-for-profit charitable organisation, a local primary health care trust and referring hospitals and their local social care providers. Methods We used a mixed-methods case study, underpinned by the notion of an innovation journey, to explore how PCIC was developed by the team and how effective it was. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, documentary analysis, closed-end questionnaires/scales and routinely collected activity data. Thematic and statistical analyses were used. Results were triangulated. Twelve staff, four key informants and 94 service users participated. Results The development followed the trajectory of innovation journeys. Our mixed-methods approach enabled us to expose staff’s negative experiences during this time whilst patients were largely satisfied with their care and made appropriate recovery. The triangulation of data in this mixed-methods study allowed us to seek explanations for this mismatch. We conjecture that the staff used emotional labour to lessen the effects of their negative experiences for the benefit of the patients. Conclusions This paper extends our knowledge of how, in a policy environment that encourages collaborative practice between public, private and voluntary alliances, and across sectors, such innovations work. In addition, the results suggest that emotional labour is used during change and care practices: preparing nurses better in order to use this ‘technique’ is a recommendation from this research.
Historical Changes in Fish Assemblage Structure in Midwestern Nonwadeable Rivers

Abstract Historical change in fish assemblage structure was evaluated in the mainstems of the Des Moines, Iowa, Cedar, Wapsipinicon, and Maquoketa rivers, in Iowa. Fish occurrence data were compared in each river between historical and recent time periods to characterize temporal changes among 126 species distributions and assess spatiotemporal patterns in faunal similarity. A resampling procedure was used to estimate species occurrences in rivers during each assessment period and changes in species occurrence were summarized. Spatiotemporal shifts in species composition were analyzed at the river and river section scale using cluster analysis, pairwise Jaccard's dissimilarities, and analysis of multivariate beta dispersion. The majority of species exhibited either increases or declines in distribution in all rivers with the exception of several “unknown” or inconclusive trends exhibited by species in the Maquoketa River. Cluster analysis identified temporal patterns of similarity among fish assemblages in the Des Moines, Cedar, and Iowa rivers within the historical and recent assessment period indicating a significant change in species composition. Prominent declines of backwater species with phytophilic spawning strategies contributed to assemblage changes occurring across river systems.
Leaf consumption and duration of instars of the cassava defoliator Erinnyis ello (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)

The objectives of this research were to evaluate leaf consumption and the developmental time of the larvae of Erynnyis ello (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) reared on cassava, in order to obtain information for the integrated management of this pest. The larvae were reared on excised cassava leaves in Petri dishes and later in gerbox, and kept in chambers at 24 ± 2 oC and 75 ± 10% RH. The total leaf area consumed by the larva to complete its development was 589.67 cm2; each of the five instars consumed, respectively: 1.89 cm2; 5.74 cm2; 17.48 cm2; 76.66 cm2; and 487.90 cm2. The consumption by the first three instars was insignificant, and did not reach 5% altogether; the 4th represented 13%; the 5th presented a consumption significantly higher, about 82.7%. The total time for the larval development was 22.61 days, and the duration for each of the five larval instar was, respectively: 4.35; 3.19; 3.32; 4.52; and 4.94 days. The pre-pupal period lasted 2.29 days. Since the highest consumption is by the 5th instar larva, the control should be applied before this age to avoid heavier damages to the cassava crop.
Quality comparison of conventional compost, vermicompost and chemically-enriched compost

The aim of present study was to evaluate the chemical and biochemical quality of various enriched composts prepared by heap and pit methods and compare it with conventional compost. The various composts viz., phosphocompost (PC), nitrogen-enriched phosphocompost (NPC), vermicompost (VC) and phosphorus-enriched vermicompost (PVC) were compared with conventional compost. These composts were produced by using chemical amendment in case of chemically-enriched compost whereas vermicompost was prepared by inoculating the epigeic earthworms Eisenia foetida and Perionyx excavatus with and without rock phosphate. The mineral matter content (ash %) was higher in all the enriched composts in comparison to conventional compost. The total organic C and water-soluble carbon were lower, whereas, total mineral constituents (NPK) were higher in the enriched compost and vermicompost. In general, there was no significant variation in the content of macro-and micronutrients between phosphorus-enriched vermicompost and the other chemically-enriched composts; however, vermicompost prepared by only earthworm inoculation was slightly better than conventional compost. The period of decomposition was almost the same (105±10 days) among the enriched composts, whereas, in case of coventional compost, the decomposition period was 175±5 days. As regards biochemical quality of the composts, it was found that conventional compost exhibited less amount of total phenol, alkaline and acid phosphatase enzyme activities, but a higher dehydrogenase activity. The greater dehydrogenase activity in case of conventional compost is an indicator of partial decomposition of the compost. There was no variation in terms of chemical and biochemical constituents whether the method of compost preparation is by heap or pit methods. Although, the vermicompost was better than conventional compost, it could be still further improved by rock phosphate enrichment.
First release of a fungal classical biocontrol agent against an invasive alien weed in Europe: biology of the rust, Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae

The rust fungus Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae was first identified infecting Impatiens glandulifera in its native range (western Himalayas) between 2006 and 2010. Subsequently, it was imported into quarantine in the UK for evaluation as a classical biocontrol agent. To assess the safety of the rust, plant species relevant to Europe were tested for susceptibility. To confirm the life cycle, all infective spore stages were inoculated on I. glandulifera to follow disease progression. Teliospores were primed using bleaching and low temperatures to break dormancy. Temperature and dew period experiments using urediniospores were conducted to assess the parameters required for infection. Of the 74 plant species tested, only I. balsamina, an ornamental species, was fully susceptible to urediniospore inoculum. The life cycle of the rust – an autoecious, full-cycled species with five spore stages – was confirmed. Urediniospores were infective between 5 and 25°C, with an optimum at 15°C. A minimum of 8 h dew period was required to achieve consistent infection. Based on a pest risk assessment, the rust poses no threat to native biodiversity within EU Member States; making P. komarovii var. glanduliferae a suitable candidate as the first fungal classical biocontrol agent against an exotic weed in the region.
Florística e fitossociologia do componente arbóreo de uma floresta ribeirinha, arroio Passo das Tropas, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil

Riverine forests have great environmental diversity, where many factors, physical and biotical, play a role on the vegetation mosaic. Although riverine forests are hot spots for conservation, because of their fragility and ecological importance, few studies has been made in these areas, especially in Rio Grande do Sul State. The aim of this work is to determine the floristic composition and the vegetation structure of arboreal species in a riverine forest in Santa Maria municipality. All individuals with PBH > 15 cm were sampled within 100 plots, each one 100m2. A total of 2,195 living and 137 standing dead individuals were sampled, belonging to 57 species and 26 botanicals families. The species with the largest importance values are Gymnanthes concolor Spreng, Sebastiania commersoniana (Baill.) Smith & Downs, Eugenia uniflora L. , Plinia rivularis (Camb.) Rotman and Sebastiania brasiliensis Spreng. The diversity index (H') was 2.73 nats/individuals and the equability (J') 0.69 nats/individuals, which are considered intermediates values when compared with others works. More than half of the species (57%) belong to the eastern migratory group, characteristic of the Parana-Uruguai basin, while 41% of the species have a large distribution in the State and only one specie belong to the Atlantic corridor.
Differentiation in developmental rate across geographic regions: a photoperiod driven latitude compensating mechanism?

Genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity in growth rates along latitudinal gradients may benefit our understanding of latitudinal compensating mechanisms in life history patterns. Here we explore latitudinal compensatory growth mechanisms with respect to photoperiod in northern and southern populations of two damselfly species, Coenagrion puella and C. pulchellum. In addition we compared size of field-collected adults from southern and northern populations. Eggs from females in copulating tandems were collected at two or three localities for each species in each geographic region. Eggs were transported to the laboratory and the experiment started when the eggs hatched. The role of photoperiod on the expression of larval growth rate was evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. Both species had lower growth rate when reared in the northern photoperiod, which is counter to expectations if species use photoperiodic cues to trigger compensatory growth. Instead, both species displayed countergradient variation in growth rates, which probably enable northern populations to compensate for the shorter growth season in the north. The smaller size of field-collected adults from northern populations also supports the view that these species compensate for the shorter growth season by investing in growth and development but accomplish this at the expense of decreased final size.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LESPEDEZA BICOLOR TURCZ, FROM KATLANG REGION DISTRICT MARDAN, PAKISTAN

Lespedeza bicolor Turcz commonly called bicolor, bush clover or bicolor lespedeza of the family Papilionaceae has been collected from high saline field of Ditrict Mardan, Pakistan (34° 05’ to 34° 32’ north latitudes and 71" 48’ to 72° 25’ east longitudes). Field capacity of bulk soil was reported 14-16.5%, with EC: 4.1dS/m and pH: 8.5-9.2. Present research reveals bioremediation method to be the most environmentally sustainable method in dealing with soil salinity. According to the plant assessment for mineral uptake and heavy metal accumulation in root, stem and leaves of Lespedeza bicolor, Na
First Records of Parasitoids Attacking the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), in Hawaii

Tamarixia sp. prob. radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Diaphorencyrtus aligharensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), two natural enemies released against the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) in various areas around the world, were discovered attacking this pest on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, in 2012.
Sampling and farm stories prompt consumers to buy specialty cheeses

California specialty cheese makers need information on what drives product sales so they can effectively market their products. Focus group and telephone research revealed that specialty cheese consumers have a strong preference for sampling cheese before making a purchase. Consumers also rely heavily on staff recommendations to select cheese. They appreciate unlimited sampling in an unhurried, low-pressure environment. Specialty cheese consumers consider themselves “food experimenters”; they value narrative descriptions about where and how the cheese was made and are not price sensitive in this area of their food purchases.
Optimization, production and purification of cellulase enzyme from marine Aspergillus flavus

Water samples were collected from five different places at Muthupettai mangrove along the east cost of Tamil Nadu, India. Five different Aspergillus species were isolated and identified by using lacto phenol cotton blue staining method. From this, Aspergillus flavus was tested in Modified Park’s Agar for its cellulase enzyme production in different physico-chemical properties of substrates. The effect of different carbon source, nitrogen compound and physico-chemical conditions like temperature, pH and incubation periods were studied for derivation of cellulase enzyme. The purity of cellulase enzyme was analyzed by ammonium sulphate precipitation and high performance liquid chromatography. The molecular weight of enzyme was determined by SDS–PAGE. From the above results, the cellulase production is higher at pH 8 and 30°C on 7 days of incubation period. It also inferred that the enzyme inquisition raised by the rice bran than two substrates examined.
Efficacy of new insecticide molecules and bioagents against sucking insect pests of cluster bean, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Linn.) Taub.

The efficacy of ten insecticides and bioagents against sucking insect pests, viz., leaf hopper, Empoasca motti Pruthi; whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch of cluster bean Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Linn.) Taub. revealed that dimethoate (0.03%), imidacloprid (0.005 %) and thiamethoxam (0.025 %) proved to be the most effective. The acephate (0.037 %), profenophos (0.05 %) and e- cyhalothrin (0.008 %) were ranked in the middle order of effectiveness; whereas, novaluron (0.02 %), diflubenzuron (0.05 %), NSKE (5.0 %) and Metarrhizium anisopliae (2 x107 spores l-1) were proved to be the least effective.
Increased water‐use efficiency during the 20th century did not translate into enhanced tree growth

Aim The goals of this study are: (1) to determine whether increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and changing climate increased intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE, as detected by changes in Δ13C) over the last four decades; and if it did increase iWUE, whether it led to increased tree growth (as measured by tree-ring growth); (2) to assess whether CO2 responses are biome dependent due to different environmental conditions, including availability of nutrients and water; and (3) to discuss how the findings of this study can better inform assumptions of CO2 fertilization and climate change effects in biospheric and climate models. Location A global range of sites covering all major forest biome types. Methods The analysis encompassed 47 study sites including boreal, wet temperate, mediterranean, semi-arid and tropical biomes for which measurements of tree ring Δ13C and growth are available over multiple decades. Results The iWUE inferred from the Δ13C analyses of comparable mature trees increased 20.5% over the last 40 years with no significant differences between biomes. This increase in iWUE did not translate into a significant overall increase in tree growth. Half of the sites showed a positive trend in growth while the other half had a negative or no trend. There were no significant trends within biomes or among biomes. Main conclusions These results show that despite an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations of over 50 p.p.m. and a 20.5% increase in iWUE during the last 40 years, tree growth has not increased as expected, suggesting that other factors have overridden the potential growth benefits of a CO2-rich world in many sites. Such factors could include climate change (particularly drought), nutrient limitation and/or physiological long-term acclimation to elevated CO2. Hence, the rate of biomass carbon sequestration in tropical, arid, mediterranean, wet temperate and boreal ecosystems may not increase with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations as is often implied by biospheric models and short-term elevated CO2 experiments.
The Structure and Regulation of Some South American Kelp Communities

The main objective of this study was to evaluate how physical stress and herbivores influence the distribution, abundance, size frequency, and mortality of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, in the southeast Pacific. These factors were studied for the kelp and the echinoid herbivore Loxechinus albus over a wide latitudinal range (56°—42° S) of South America on RV Hero cruises in 1972 and 1973. There were large kelp forests with many large plants in the southern Isla de los Estados and Tierra del Fuego sites. Sources of kelp mortality in these sites include entanglement with drift plants and heavy encrustation of bivalves. This resulted in a considerable amount of drifting kelp, and the sea urchins appeared to have abundant food and did not attack living kelp plants. Nevertheless, the urchin densities usually were relatively low and the Loxechinus size frequencies skewed to larger size classes, suggesting that their populations may be limited by larval availability in the Westwind Drift. There were also some large kelp forests in the northern Golfo Corcovado and Isla Chiloe areas, but here the kelp forests seemed relatively ephemeral and Loxechinus appeared to be harvested by humans. The intermediate latitudes (54°—46° S) in areas semiexposed to oceanic waves were characterized by situations in which Loxechinus overexploit the kelps and maintain urchin—coralline algae "barren grounds. " In these areas kelps occur only where urchin access is restricted by wave exposure, ephemeral clumps of Desmarestia ligulata, and rarely, by a predator, the asteroid Meyenaster gelatinosus. In many areas the shallow distribution of Macrocystis was restricted by competition with the large fucoid Durvillaea antarctica. These relationships were evaluated by removal and addition experiments. Much more important than latitudinal relationships to both kelp and urchin distribution and abundance patterns were exposure gradients, from shores subject to strong oceanic swells to protected fjords. Transect data suggest that Loxechinus disappear from protected waters before Macrocystis. Thus in some semiprotected habitats there are very dense patches of kelps without grazers; kelp removal experiments in these habitats suggest strong density—dependent kelp interactions. In still more protected sites, the Macrocystis growth form changes, the plants appear to have low fertility, and there is very low recruitment. Summarizing, the Loxechinus population seems restricted by larval recruitment in the face of the Westwind Drift in the far south, perhaps by sedimentation or fresh water in protected fjords, and by human fishing in the north. The very low Loxechinus densities in the far south are correlated with large kelp forests in which the main kelp mortality results from drifting Macrocystis plants. The kelp populations appear limited by physical factors in the fjords and by Loxechinus grazing in most other areas.
Geolocation Tracking of the Annual Migration of Adult Australasian Gannets (Morus serrator) Breeding in New Zealand

Abstract The long breeding period and high reproductive investment of seabirds make use of resource-rich foraging areas pivotal both during and between breeding seasons. We tracked adult Australasian Gannets (Morus serrator) from their New Zealand breeding colony at Cape Kidnappers to Australia during the non-breeding period to assess wintering behavior and migratory routes for this species. Data from three recovered geolocation sensor (GLS) tags showed that both a male and a female M. serrator, and a hybrid M. capensis × M. serrator migrated across the Tasman Sea to winter in Australian and Tasmanian coastal waters. Tracked birds covered distances of up to 13,000 km on their migration. These movements were consistent with historical records of band recoveries.
DEMOGRAPHY OF AN URBAN POPULATION OF THE TEXAS HORNED LIZARD (PHRYNOSOMA CORNUTUM) IN CENTRAL OKLAHOMA

The dynamics of reptile populations in urban landscapes are poorly understood. We studied demography of an urban population of the Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum), a species that apparently declines in abundance following urban development but may persist in localized areas. We located and captured lizards within an urban reserve at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma, from June 2003 to October 2005. Lizards were monitored using radiotelemetry, and data were collected on morphometrics, survival, and reproduction. These data were applied to a life-table analysis that estimated the hatchling survival rate necessary to maintain a stable population. Females were larger than males in adult and juvenile cohorts. Mark-recapture sessions resulted in estimates (±1 SE) of 53 ± 11 individuals in the population and a density of 5.00 ± 1.04 lizards/ha. Annual rates of survival were estimated to be 0.59–0.70 for adult lizards and 0.45 for juvenile lizards. Mean (±1 SE) clutch size was 17.4 ± 0.8 eggs, incubation periods ranged from 49 to 68 days, and 60% of nests survived to hatching. Assuming a single clutch per year, fecundity of adult females was 5.22 female hatchlings/female/year. From application of Euler's equation, the hatchling survival rate needed for population stability ranged from 0.19 to 0.25. Relative to other, more southerly populations of P. cornutum, our study population had higher survival but lower reproductive rates. Reduced reproduction was likely due to latitudinal trends associated with body size, but we could not separate confounded influences of urban environment and latitude on survival. Relative to other phrynosomatine lizards, Texas horned lizards in our study population were characterized by high survival, moderate reproductive output, and delayed maturation.
Increase by duplication and loss of invariance of segment number in the centipede Mecistocephalus microporus (Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha, Mecistocephalidae)

Abstract Intraspecific variability in the number of trunk segments is demonstrated for the first time in a representative of the Mecistocephalidae, a basal clade within the geophilomorph centipedes. This destabilization of an otherwise species‐constant segment number is interpreted as a result of the recent quasi‐duplication of segments shown by Mecistocephalus microporus Haase, 1887, with respect to its most recent ancestor. The new finding fits well with a recently proposed biphasic model of centipede segmentation. The species is redescribed and two new synonymies are proposed: Megethmus Cook, 1895 as junior synonym of Mecistocephalus Newport, 1843 and Megethmus pluripes Chamberlin, 1920 as a junior synonym of Mecistocephalus microporus Haase, 1887.