Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A region complexity effect masquerading as object-based attention

A large portion of the evidence for object-based attention comes from experiments using the two-rectangle paradigm introduced by Egly, Driver, and Rafal (1994), in which response times are longer when the two stimulus locations relevant to the task are on separate objects. In the new experiments presented here, response times are longer when the two locations are part of the same object but are separated by a concavity in the object, so that the region directly between the two locations is crossed by the object's boundaries. Response times when the two locations are separated by the concavity are not statistically different from when they are on two separate objects. The results are similar for a two-letter comparison task and for a spatial cuing task. Thus, in these experiments, the response time increase does not reflect the cost of shifting attention from object to object, because it appears when the two locations are on the same object, and it is not increased when they are on different objects. Instead, it seems to reflect the complexity of the region between the two stimulus locations. This finding raises questions about whether data from previous two-rectangle experiments should be attributed to object-based attention.
Tight junction protein claudin‐1 is downregulated by TGF‐β1 via MEK signaling in benign prostatic epithelial cells

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is arguably the most common disease in aging men. Although the etiology is not well understood, chronic prostatic inflammation is thought to play an important role in BPH initiation and progression. Our recent studies suggest that the prostatic epithelial barrier is compromised in glandular BPH tissues. The proinflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) impacts tight junction formation, enhances epithelial barrier permeability, and suppresses claudin‐1 messenger RNA expression in prostatic epithelial cells. However, the role of claudin‐1 in the prostatic epithelial barrier and its regulation by TGF‐β1 in prostatic epithelial cells are not clear.
Optimal hunting group size: the need for lions to defend their kills against loss to spotted hyaenas

Summary This paper presents preliminary evidence that kleptoparasitism by spotted hyaenas may influence optimal hunting group size of lions. In the absence of adult male lions, hyaenas can drive female and subadult lions off their kills provided they outnumber the lions by a factor of four. Hence the larger the group of lions on the kill, the greater their chance of defending their food against invading hyaenas. At Savuti, where there was a shortage of adult male lions, the groups of female and subadult lions lost almost 20% of their food to hyaenas. Losses were most frequent for those living in small groups. These lions were often satiated by the time the hyaenas acquired the kill, so the hyaenas did not cause immediate need, yet constituted a constant energy drain on lions by forcing them to hunt more frequently. The implications of these observations for modelling optimal hunting group size of lions are discussed.
Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Genetic and Cellular Mechanisms of Peripheral Nerve Tumor Formation

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is among the most common inherited human diseases. The NF1 protein is a Ras-GTPase activating protein, positioning NF1 in important intracellular signaling pathways. Patients with mutations in the NF1 gene can develop benign peripheral nerve tumors (neurofibromas), learning disabilities, and/or benign optic nerve gliomas, in addition to abnormalities unassociated with the nervous system. The NF1 gene is believed to act as a tumor suppressor. How NF1 mutations relate to benign features of NF1 is the subject of active investigation. Studies using transgenic mice with NF1 mutations and cells derived from these mice have yielded exciting new data, implicating multiple cell types mutant at NF1 and possibly factors in the environment in the pathogenesis of benign neurofibromas. NEUROSCIENTIST 3:412-420, 1997
The impact of COVID‐19 on the cancer care of adolescents and young adults and their well‐being: Results from an online survey conducted in the early stages of the pandemic

Because of the global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), oncology departments across the world have rapidly adapted their cancer care protocols to balance the risk of delaying cancer treatments and the risk of COVID‐19 exposure. COVID‐19 and associated changes may have an impact on the psychosocial functioning of patients with cancer and survivors. This study was designed to determine the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on young people living with and beyond cancer.
The role of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer‐induced platelet aggregation and platelet‐induced invasion

Metastatic prostate cancer progresses from a hormone sensitive androgen receptor expressing phenotype to a hormone insensitive androgen receptor‐independent subtype with low overall survival. Human platelets contribute to metastasis via tumor cell‐induced platelet aggregation, which in part enhances cancer cell invasion. Given the more aggressive nature of hormone insensitive prostate cancer, we hypothesized that androgen receptor‐negative prostate cancer cells exhibit higher platelet aggregation potency and invasive response compared to cells with androgen receptor.
Antiproliferative and photoprotective activities of the extracts and compounds from Calea fruticosa

In this paper, we complement our previous study on the antiproliferative activity of Calea fruticosa (Asteraceae) by isolating the compounds apigenin-4',7-dimethyl ether (1), budlein A (2), quercetin (3), and cichoriin (4) from the plant’s aerial parts. The antiproliferative activity of these compounds was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method against human tumor cell lines. Compound 3 displayed moderate antiproliferative activity in three cell lines (HCT-116, PC-3, and SF-295, with cell growth inhibition values of 72.97, 74.55, and 68.94%) and high antiproliferative activity (90.86%) in the HL-60 cell line. The in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) of the extracts and compound 4, with and without sunscreen, was determined by a spectrophotometric method. The ethanol extract exhibited the highest SPF (9.67) at a concentration of 0.100 mg/mL, while compound 4, isolated from this extract, showed a SPF of 13.79 at the same concentration. A relative increased efficacy of SPF was observed for the extracts and compound 4 when sunscreen was also used. Compound 4 has not been reported previously from any species within the genus Calea. Compounds 1–4 were obtained from this species for the first time.
Experimental validation of a coincidence time resolution metric including depth-of-interaction bias for TOF-PET

Depth-of-interaction (DOI) variability of annihilation photons is known to be a source of coincidence time resolution (CTR) degradation for fast time-of-flight–positron emission tomography detectors. An analytical model was recently proposed to explicitly include the DOI time bias separately from variance-related statistical factors, such as scintillation photon emission and photosensor jitter, in the CTR evaluation. In the present work, an experimental validation of this new model is provided. An unconventional signal readout configuration was used to magnify the DOI bias with 20 mm long LYSO:Ce crystals. In a head-to-head orientation of the crystals, simulations performed using the metric with DOI bias exhibited a much better agreement (within 21 ps) with the experimentally measured CTR of 413 ± 8 ps full-width at half maximum, whereas simulations without DOI bias underestimated the CTR by 138 ps. The metric including DOI bias was shown to also be effective at predicting the CTR of the head-to-head setup (without DOI information) using data from a DOI-collimated experimental setup (with partial DOI information). With the development of new low-variance ultra-fast detectors, the DOI timing blur will become increasingly important and will need to be taken into account in analytical predictions and in some experimental measurements through the proposed metric.
Experience based factory model for software development process: item construct validation on questionnaire design

Software development is a highly intensive knowledge process. Information, data, knowledge and experiences are accumulated daily and it is crucial that they are managed appropriately for the purpose of sharing and future reuse. Today, software development has spread across geographical boundaries; therefore, the need for knowledge retention has risen, and the need for collaboration among the community of practice has been further in demand. Based on this motivation, we posit a model of managing the experiences of software development process by using experience based factory approach. An initial conceptual model has been constructed based on relevant theoretical frameworks which include knowledge management, experience factory, software development process, community of practice, technology and infrastructure, and influences from managerial and organizational levels. Based on the literature review, questionnaire items have been designed to form the identified latent constructs. A pilot survey has been conducted to verify the questionnaire items and the results are tested against Rasch measurement analysis. By using Rash logit measures, the items quality is ensured. Findings indicate that the item fitness is good (0.73), outfit and infit mean square values are very much close to 1, and Z-standardized value is within the expected range. Unidimensionality shows that there is no visible secondary dimension even though the scale category structure is rather high. Nonetheless, there are several misfitting items which are further calibrated and revised for future study. The initial model will be the basis of the future model development.
Spring Migration and Roost Selection of Female Myotis leibii in Maryland

Abstract Many aspects of the ecology of Myotis leibii (Eastern Small-footed Myotis) are unknown due to the rarity of the species throughout its range in the eastern United States. Few studies have examined Eastern Small-footed Myotis migration and roosting behavior. Until a recent discovery of a population of Eastern Small-footed Myotis using an abandoned railroad tunnel in western Maryland, most observations from the state were limited to records of a few individuals at scattered caves, mines, and tunnels. We used harp traps to capture Eastern Small-footed Myotis at an abandoned railroad tunnel located in Allegany County, in spring 2007. We captured 47 Eastern Small-footed Myotis and equipped four females with radio transmitters. Telemetry revealed that female Eastern Small-footed Myotis migrated ≤ 1.1 km to nearby shale barrens and roosted in rock outcrops of various sizes during spring. Females moved <50 m between successive diurnal roosts, which did not differ from random sites located within the shale barrens in terms of site characteristics. Migratory distances and, consequently, geographic ranges of female Eastern Small-footed Myotis probably are influenced by the availability of hibernacula and roosting sites across the landscape.
The Bionomics of Blow Flies

Blow flies (Calliphoridae) include species which cause great losses in the animal industry throughout the world, and some which are vectors of human disease (79). They are, in addition, an important element in the biota, and the study of their bionomics is therefore of considerable practical importance. It is, however, fraught with many difficulties, due to the specialized and very local breeding places of the immature stages, the great powers of dispersal of the adult insects, and the wide geographical variation in the nature of the problems. The family Calliphoridae exhibits a diversity of life cycles, but this re­ view is restricted to work on necrophagous, coprophagous, a�d myiasis­ producing species, which have been most studied.
Intake of Sugar-Sweetened and Low-Calorie Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

ABSTRACT The long-term associations between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and low-calorie sweetened beverages (LCSBs) with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains inconsistent. To synthesize the evidence, we conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies published up to 1 December, 2019 on the associations between SSB and LCSB intake and the risk of CVD incidence and mortality. Out of 5301 articles retrieved from our literature search, 11 articles evaluating the consumption of SSBs (16,915 incident CVD cases, 18,042 CVD deaths) and 8 articles evaluating the consumption of LCSBs (18,077 incident CVD cases, 14,114 CVD deaths) were included in the meta-analysis. A 1 serving/d increment of SSBs was associated with an 8% (RR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.14, I2 = 43.0%) and 8% (RR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13, I2 = 40.6%) higher risk of CVD incidence and CVD mortality, respectively. A 1 serving/d increment of LCSBs was associated with a 7% (RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.10, I2 = 0.0%) higher risk of CVD incidence. The association between LCSBs and CVD mortality appeared to be nonlinear (P = 0.003 for nonlinearity) with significant associations observed at high intake levels (>2 servings/d). Under an assumption of causality, the consumption of SSBs may be linked to 9.3% (95% CI: 6.6%, 11.9%) of predicted CVD incidence in the USA from 2015 to 2025, among men and nonpregnant women, who were aged 40–79 y in 2015–2016. The habitual consumption of SSBs was associated with a higher risk of CVD morbidity and mortality in a dose-response manner. LCSBs were also associated with a higher risk of these outcomes, however, the interpretation of these findings may be complicated by reverse causation and residual confounding.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY IN ANABAENA 1

Several aspects of the metabolism and composition of a strain of Anabaena have been studied during phosphorus deficiency. The effects of medium composition, substrate concentration, temperature, pH, and illumination on alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphate uptake have been examined. Of particular interest among these results was the dependence of maximum alkaline phosphatase activity on Ca and of phosphate uptake on Mg. Depletion of dissolved phosphate from the culture medium runs accompanied by a marked increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, initial rate of phosphate uptake, and total amount of phosphate taken up to satisfaction of the phosphorus debt. Readdition of phosphate to a phosphorus‐deficient culture resulted in a rapid decline in the ability to take up phosphate but no loss of alkaline phosphatase beyond dilution of activity already present. Entry into phophorus deficiency was accompanied by a loss of heterocysts, a decline in chlorophyll a, protein, RNA, and cellular phosphorus, and an increase in carbohydrate per unit dry weight. The possible use of these changes as physiological indicators of phosphorus limitation in natural situations is discussed.
The role of spirituality in the COVID-19 pandemic: a spiritual hotline project

Abstract Recent correspondence letters to the editor of this journal pointed out to the need of implementing psychological support during the pandemic and post-pandemic period to both general and frontline workers. Especially, they highlighted the importance of religious/spiritual interventions in order to provide an integral and holistic care. In this perspective, an important consequence of the social isolation is the closure of churches and the suspension of religious meetings in order to avoid agglomeration and contagion. However, although this is a very important approach in terms of public health, a question is raised: how to promote spiritual care and help spiritual/religious individuals to cope with their problems while maintaining compliance with social isolation? To address this question, we report the Spiritual Hotline Project, a project designed by many Brazilian healthcare workers intended to give spiritual and religious assistance to people with different cultural background. So far, the hotline was able to assist people from different parts of the world, including Brazil and Portugal as well as with different religious affiliation, in order to provide a spiritual comfort and care during this public health crisis.
Molecular characterization of organoids derived from pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are commonly identified non‐invasive cyst‐forming pancreatic neoplasms with the potential to progress into invasive pancreatic adenocarcinoma. There are few in vitro models with which to study the biology of IPMNs and their progression to invasive carcinoma. Therefore, we generated a living biobank of organoids from seven normal pancreatic ducts and ten IPMNs. We characterized eight IPMN organoid samples using whole genome sequencing and characterized five IPMN organoids and seven normal pancreatic duct organoids using transcriptome sequencing. We identified an average of 11,344 somatic mutations in the genomes of organoids derived from IPMNs, with one sample harboring 61,537 somatic mutations enriched for T→C transitions and T→A transversions. Recurrent coding somatic mutations were identified in 15 genes, including KRAS, GNAS, RNF43, PHF3, and RBM10. The most frequently mutated genes were KRAS, GNAS, and RNF43, with somatic mutations identified in six (75%), four (50%), and three (37.5%) IPMN organoid samples, respectively. On average, we identified 36 structural variants in IPMN derived organoids, and none had an unstable phenotype (> 200 structural variants). Transcriptome sequencing identified 28 genes differentially expressed between normal pancreatic duct organoid and IPMN organoid samples. The most significantly upregulated and downregulated genes were CLDN18 and FOXA1. Immunohistochemical analysis of FOXA1 expression in 112 IPMNs, 113 mucinous cystic neoplasms, and 145 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas demonstrated statistically significant loss of expression in low‐grade IPMNs (p < 0.0016), mucinous cystic neoplasms (p < 0.0001), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma of any histologic grade (p < 0.0001) compared to normal pancreatic ducts. These data indicate that FOXA1 loss of expression occurs early in pancreatic tumorigenesis. Our study highlights the utility of organoid culture to study the genetics and biology of normal pancreatic duct and IPMNs. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of Sorghum halepense patches in maize crops

Andujar D, Barroso J, Fernandez-Quintanilla C & Dorado J (2012). Spatial and temporal dynamics of Sorghum halepense patches in maize crops. Weed Research52, 411–420. Summary Patches of Sorghum halepense of various sizes and densities were artificially created in a maize field. Spatial and temporal patch expansion was monitored during 4 years. The results show that the patches expanded in the same direction of field traffic, with little or no displacement in all the other directions. Apparently, tillage was the main mechanism for dispersal of S. halepense rhizomes, with seeds playing a minor role in dispersal. The spatial growth pattern was characterised by a compact spread of the original patch and by the appearance of small patches at various distances from the primary source, which tended to merge with each other and with the original source. This type of pattern indicates an ‘infiltration’ invasion strategy. The initial patch size significantly influenced their growth rate; small patches grew proportionately faster than larger patches. The initial plant density had a significant influence on the temporal dynamics; low density patches increased up to 130 shoots m−2, the same upper level reached by high density patches. Sorghum halepense seems to be an excellent target for site-specific weed management (SSWM), with compact patches expanding slowly and in a highly predictable way. However, new foci detached from the original source can expand quickly and could invade the whole field in a relatively short time. Early detection and management of small patches should contribute to improve SSWM practices.
Delaying Cancer Cases in Urology during COVID-19: Review of the Literature.

PURPOSE Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting hospital systems and the availability of resources for surgical procedures. Our aim is to provide guidance for urologists to help prioritize urologic cancer surgeries. MATERIAL AND METHODS We reviewed published literature on bladder cancer, upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), penile cancer, testis cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, and adrenal cancer. RESULTS For muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), delays should be less than roughly 10 weeks and neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be considered. For non-MIBC, patients should be counseled appropriately based on risk and intravesical therapies can continue. UTUC should also be treated with minimal delays for high risk patients, especially with ureteral tumors. Surgery for T1 renal cancers when indicated can be delayed until adequate resources are available. Patients with T2 renal cancer should be considered for early surgery if there are unfavorable pre-operative characteristics. Higher stage renal tumors should be considered for early surgery. Early multi-disciplinary approach is recommended for metastatic renal cancers. High risk prostate cancer may need preferential treatment and consideration of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. Penile cancer can have worse sexual or oncologic outcome with prolonged surgical delay. Likewise, adrenal cancer is aggressive and needs early surgical treatment. Testicular cancer should be treated in a timely manner with surgery or chemotherapy, as indicated. CONCLUSIONS This review should further assist urologists in recognizing patients with potentially aggressive tumor biology that warrant early treatment.
DIFERENCIAS SEXUALES Y ETARIAS EN LA ACTIVIDAD DIARIA Y ESTACIONAL DE UNA POBLACIÓN DE LIOLAEMUS KOSLOWSKYI (LIOLAEMINI)

A B S T R A C T. — The pattern of activity of Liolaemus koslowskyi populations from NE of the La Rioja Province, were studied between October 1998 and April 1999 by performing transects between 08:00 and 19:00 hs. The species present unimodal pattern of activity during both autumn, and spring; and bimodal pattern during summer. In terms of the number of active individuals, there was a significant difference between adults and juveniles in February and April and not there was significant difference between males and females. The males were active at higher temperature ranges than females and juveniles; which could suggest that would be related to territorial defense by males.