Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship between social and financial performance with the objectives of the kingdom vision (2030)

The objective of this paper is the study of the link between social and financial performance and the objectives of the Kingdom's Vision 2030. The methodological tool of this contribution tries to measure the effect of social and financial performance and the objectives of the Kingdom's Vision 2030. The main purpose of the research is focused on the empirical approach justified by the use of a linear model. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis that showed a positive effect of social and financial performance on the objectives of the Kingdom's Vision 2030. The results found suggest that size, risk, and sector do not moderate the relationship between social responsibility and financial performance. The results showed a positive impact between social and financial performance with the objectives of the Kingdom Vision (2030) and implied that social and financial performance has a positive and significant relationship with the Kingdom Vision (2030). The results of the research can be useful for companies to promote the social and financial performance for a good realization of the Kingdom Vision (2030) and provide information to take the necessary policy suggestions to maintain the social performance and limit the average of financial performance.
Inhibitory effects of cardamonin on compound action potentials in frog sciatic nerves and the possible involvement of opioidergic pathway

Introduction: Active compounds derived from plants are able to inhibit nerve conduction. Cardamonin, a naturally occurring chalcone, manifests anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-neuropathy properties. Consequently, cardamonin may potentially inhibit nerve action potential, whereby, it affects the nerve conduction. Compound action potential is the sum of the activity which is measured from a nerve trunk. Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of cardamonin on compound action potentials and its possible mechanism of action on frog sciatic nerve. Methodology: Compound action potentials were recorded from frog sciatic nerve by using the AD instrument. Sciatic nerve was isolated from the frog and placed in Ringer’s solution. Stimulating electrodes were used to stimulate the nerve and recording electrodes were used to record compound action potentials. Compound action potential of the nerve were recorded before and after treatments [vehicle, cardamonin (0.5, 1 & 2 mg/ml) & morphine (3mg/ml)]. To investigate the involvement of opioidergic system, the nerve were pre-treated with naloxone and followed by cardamonin. All the data were recorded and analysed via LabTutor software. The data were analysed by using Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferonni’s post hoc test with significant value at P < 0.05. Results: The outcomes showed that all the doses of cardamonin significantly reduced the peak amplitude of compound action potential in frog sciatic nerves. Besides, co-treatment of naloxone and cardamonin significantly (P < 0.001) reversed the effect of cardamonin on peak amplitude of compound action potential, suggesting the involvement of opioid receptors to inhibit nerve conduction. Conclusion: Cardamonin reduces the nerve signal conduction via activation of opioid receptors to modulate pain and contribute to the analgesic effects.
Subseasonal to Seasonal Extreme Precipitation Events in the Contiguous United States: Generation of a Database and Climatology

Extreme precipitation across multiple time scales is a natural hazard that creates a significant risk to life, with a commensurately large cost through property loss. We devise a method to create 14-day extreme-event windows that characterize precipitation events in the contiguousUnited States (CONUS) for the years 1915–2018.Our algorithm imposes thresholds for both total precipitation and the duration of the precipitation to identify events with sufficient length to accentuate the synoptic and longer time scale contribution to the precipitation event. Kernel density estimation is employed to create extreme-event polygons that are formed into a database spanning from 1915 through 2018. Using the developed database, we clustered events into regions using a k-means algorithm. We define the ‘‘hybrid index,’’ a weighted composite of silhouette score and number of clustered events, to show that the optimal number of clusters is 15. We also show that 14-day extreme precipitation events are increasing in the CONUS, specifically in the Dakotas and much of New England. The algorithm presented in this work is designed to be sufficiently flexible to be extended to any desired number of days on the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) time scale (e.g., 30 days). Additional databases generated using this framework are available for download from our GitHub. Consequently, these S2S databases can be analyzed in future works to determine the climatology of S2S extreme precipitation events and be used for predictability studies for identified events.
Social Support and Appearance Satisfaction Can Predict Changes in the Psychopathology Levels of Patients with Acne, Psoriasis and Eczema, before Dermatological Treatment and in a Six-Month Follow-up Phase

This was a cross-sectional study which assessed the factors that predicted changes in the levels of psychopathological symptomatology of patients with acne, psoriasis and eczema both before dermatological treatment and in a six-month follow-up phase. One hundred and eight dermatological patients (18–35 years) participated in the study; 54 with visible facial cystic acne (Group A), and 54 with non-visible psoriasis/eczema (Group B). A battery of self-report questionnaires were administered to all patients before their dermatological treatment and in a six-month follow-up phase and included: the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R), the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL-40), the Multidimensional Body–Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ–AS) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Multiple regression analyses revealed that patients’ overall perceived social support and overall appearance satisfaction appeared to be strong predictors of the maintenance of patients’ psychopathology levels, even six months after they began their dermatological treatment. Psychosocial factors such as patients’ social support and appearance satisfaction could influence their psychopathology levels and the way they experienced their skin condition, before treatment and after a six-month period of time. The psychological assessment of the aforementioned factors could detect patients who would benefit from psychotherapeutic interventions in order to help them adapt to the extra burden which accompanies dermatological disorders.
Direct Evidence Reveals Transmitter Signal Propagation in the Magnetosphere

Signals from very‐low‐frequency transmitters on the ground are known to induce energetic electron precipitation from the Earth's radiation belts. The effectiveness of this mechanism depends on the propagation characteristics of those signals in the magnetosphere, and in particular whether the signals are ducted or nonducted along channels of enhanced plasma density, analogous to optical fibers. Here we perform a statistical analysis of in‐situ waveform data collected by the Van Allen Probes satellites that shows that nonducted propagation dominates over ducted propagation in both the occurrence and intensity of the waves. Ray tracing confirms that the latitudinal distribution of wavevectors corresponds to nonducted as opposed to ducted propagation. Our results show the dominant mode of propagation needed to quantify transmitter‐induced precipitation and improve the forecast of electron radiation belt dynamics for the safe operation of satellites.
Prolonging Network Survivability and Optimizing Energy Consumption in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

: WSNs embedded device can be extended to a wide range of implementation in reality. Clustering is efficient way to lessen the energy utilization and improve WSN's lifespan. To improvise network lifespan numerous clustering approaches, implement various parameters for election of CH. An effective clustering algorithm depends upon the number of factors such as number of CHs, uniform cluster size, CHs distribution, energy of the CHs etc. In our research we strengthen our methodology for election of cluster head in HWSN depending on multiple node parameters such as distance, density and residual energy. This paper aims to optimize energy and improve network with Energy Balanced Cluster Technique (EBCT). In our research we reformulated for probability estimation to identify the CHs in each round characterized by node parameters: distance, density, residual energy and node dormancy mechanism. Mathematical analysis and simulations show the proposed method extends the service life by around 8% to 53% relative to the other protocols and optimizes energy utilization of HWSNs.
A GIS-based integrative approach for land use optimization in a semi-arid watershed

The proper use of natural resources can preserve these valuable assets. In line with the management of natural resources, land use optimization can be highly useful. The aim of the present study is to propose an appropriate integrative model for optimized allocation of lands for surface runoff and sediment load minimization and net income maximization in Bayg watershed, Iran. In this study, five categories of land uses, i.e. irrigated orchard, rangeland, irrigated farming, rainfed farming and almond orchard were spatially optimized to minimize surface runoff and sediment yield and to increase net income by integrating three approaches: weighted goal programming, analytic hierarchy process and multi-objective land allocation algorithm. To achieve the target levels in this work, the acreages of almond orchard and rainfed farming should be reduced by 100% and 37.32% respectively, and irrigated farming acreage should be increased by 138.53%. Through these alterations in the land use acreage, the sediment load will be reduced by 16.78% and net income will be improved by 72.52%. However, runoff volume will be increased by 0.22%. Results indicated that weighted goal programming satisfied 96% and 46% of the target levels of sediment load and net income respectively, but failed to reduce runoff volume. Therefore, it is necessary for managers to control runoff using the strategies related to runoff harvesting, especially on steep slopes. Generally, it can be concluded that a combination of the techniques weighted goal programming, analytic hierarchy process and multi-objective land allocation is highly capable to optimize land use and land covers based on the conflicting objectives.
Wheat and Rice Bran as Natural Additives for the Protection of Fish Oil from Oxidation

Fortification of food products with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) is difficult due to their high oxidative susceptibility. The use of synthetic antioxidants in food products to extend shelf life is challenged by the growing demand for natural ingredients from consumers. In this study, the stabilization effect of wheat and rice bran on fish oil oxidation was investigated. Five, 10, and 20g of fish oil were added to respectively 95, 90, and 80g of cereal brans. The obtained powders were homogenized and stored for accelerated oxidation study at 38 °C for up to 30 days (to avoid dramatic changes of the oxidation reaction pathways compared to those at room temperature). Secondary oxidation products were analyzed by both Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy. Wheat bran showed a better protection effect on fish oil oxidation. That could be explained by its phytochemical and physical stabilization effect. Heat and enzymatic treatments did not improve the antioxidant capacity of wheat or rice bran. Fine wheat bran water extract protected the fish oil from oxidation to the same extent as the whole wheat bran.
Impact of High Temporal Resolution FY‐4A Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) Radiance Measurements on Typhoon Forecasts: Maria (2018) Case With GRAPES Global 4D‐Var Assimilation System

Targeted observations for Typhoon Maria (2018) using the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) at a temporal resolution of 15 min provide unprecedented information for impact studies of high‐temporal‐resolution from geostationary hyperspectral IR sounders. This study investigates the impacts of different temporal resolutions for GIIRS assimilation on Maria analyses and forecasts. Results reveal that assimilating higher resolution data captures more detailed temporal and spatial structures and stronger warm anomalies. Additionally, the track forecast for Maria from assimilating higher temporal resolution GIIRS radiances is better than those from assimilating radiances with lower temporal resolution, and both are better than the control experiment. The accuracy of the different temporal resolutions GIIRS experiments (from 3 h to 15 min) is improved (from 18% to 43%), and the intensity forecast errors are also reduced (from 12% to 18%). Meanwhile, high‐temporal GIIRS assimilation also improves the coastal precipitation forecasts during typhoon landfall.
Complex inner core of the Earth constrained by differential travel times and differential ray parameters

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Investigation on microbial inactivation and urea decomposition in human urine during thermal storage

The World Health Organization suggests storing human urine for at least 6 months at 20°C prior to application as fertilizer to reduce the potential health risks from pathogenic organisms. Such a storage condition for human urine,however,not only requires along period of time and large space but also ignores the risk of nitrogen losses. In this study, human urine underwent thermal treatment during storage to improve disinfection and to inhibit urea hydrolysis. Microbial indicators such as Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms and the concentration of ammonia/ammonium were investigated in urine samples that were stored at 60°C and 70°C. Both the inactivation of indicators and decomposition of urea improved under storage temperatures of 60°C and 70°C compared with storage under ambient temperature. Therefore, human urine is recommended to be stored at 70°C for 7 days for hygienic and stabilization purposes. Under this storage condition, pH is maintained below 8.0 and ammonia/ammonium content is maintained at approximately 800 mg/L.
Electrospun Polysaccharidic Textiles for Biomedical Applications

Recent developments in electrospinning technology have enabled the commercial-scale production of nonwoven fabrics from synthetic and natural polymers. Since the early 2000s, polysaccharides and their derivatives have been recognized as promising raw materials for electrospinning, and their electrospun textiles have attracted increasing attention for their diverse potential applications. In particular, their biomedical applications have been spotlighted thanks to their “green” aspects, e.g., abundance in nature, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. This review focuses on three main research topics in the biomedical applications of electrospun polysaccharidic textiles: (i) delivery of therapeutic molecules, (ii) tissue engineering, and (iii) wound healing, and discusses recent progress and prospects.
The Tadpoles and Advertisement Call of Trachycephalus imitatrix and T. dibernardoi (Anura: Hylidae)

Abstract. Herein, we describe the external larval morphology, internal oral features, and chondrocranium of Trachycephalus imitatrix and Trachycephalus dibernardoi and the advertisement call of T. imitatrix. To our knowledge, this is the first thorough description of the larval chondrocranium for the genus Trachycephalus. The tadpole of T. imitatrix is overall similar to the other congeneric species, but can be distinguished from them by the following combination of characteristics: presence of two folds in the posterior labium, clumped submarginal papillae, tail ending in a flagellum, buccal roof arena lacking papillae, and seven postnarial papillae. The tadpole of T. dibernardoi can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characteristics: snout rounded in lateral view, absence of interruption in teeth rows, uniseriate and alternated row of marginal papillae, two pairs of infralabial papillae, and absence of projection of the dorsal velum. The advertisement call of T. imitatrix is very similar to that of Trachycephalus nigromaculatus, but can be distinguished from it by its lower dominant frequency. Additionally, both spectral and temporal features of the call can distinguish T. imitatrix from other congeneric species. Our results help understand the differentiation of larval and acoustical characteristics within the genus Trachycephalus.
To R.D.

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Empirical Investigation of Participation on Crowdsourcing Platforms: A Gamified Approach

Crowdsourcing platforms have gained importance in recent times, and their success is dependent mainly on the participation of the crowd. Participation is a function of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Moreover, with the growing scale of information, the participants would need to focus on the quality of information to achieve sustainable participation. The study uses game elements and information quality grounded in motivational affordance perspective (MAP) to study the intrinsic and extrinsic participation on a crowdsourcing platform. The authors collected responses from 337 participants who are actively contributing to any crowdsourcing platform. Warp PLS uses partial least square structured equation modeling. The results confirm that the use of game elements positively promotes the participant’s intrinsic and extrinsic participation. This research also confirmed that motivation is also positively moderated by the quality of information that the crowdsourcing platform shares with the participants. The results help in extending the theoretical arguments of MAP and self-determination theory.
Preparation and characterization by infrared emission spectroscopy and applications of new mineral-based composite materials of biomedical interest

ABSTRACT New composite materials based on clay minerals had been prepared by reductive calcination. These materials exhibit very strong infrared (IR) emission at quite low temperatures. The structural properties and emission capabilities of the new materials have been studied by various theoretical and experimental methods. In addition, a brief overview of the medical and other practical applications of IR-emitting materials is presented. The basic principles of IR emission spectroscopy are discussed with special respect to low temperatures (close to human-body temperature). Furthermore, DFT calculations on a kaolinite structure of chemical composition of [Al4Si4 O8(OH)16]4− have been performed. The calculated bond distances and IR spectrum are in good agreement with experimental observations. Structural and compositional characterization of the new composite materials have been performed by various structural analytical methods. An interesting effect on the IR phosphorescence of composite samples has been established. After 2 hours of IR light exposure at room temperature from the FT-IR spectrometer, the composite materials exhibited enhanced emission of IR radiation with relaxation time about 40 min. Finally, two practical applications of the composites have been investigated, namely polyamide-based fabrics and rubber preservatives.
Female entrepreneurs in a time of crisis: evidence from Ireland

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of the impact that a crisis such as that created by COVID-19 has on entrepreneurs. The authors focus on female entrepreneurs and their ability and propensity to continue their entrepreneurial journey. Design/methodology/approach For each respondent (n = 113), data was collected using an online survey. The survey was distributed in April 2020 during a nationwide lockdown and again in September 2020 as the economy reopened. In completing the survey, respondents were asked a series of multiple-choice questions and a series of open-ended questions. Findings The authors present data characterizing the female entrepreneurs, their experience during a time of crisis and the enablers and disablers to the continuation of their entrepreneurial journey. The key findings that emerge from this study include the resilience of the female entrepreneurs, their willingness to contribute to community-based organizations during a crisis and their desire to seek and receive support from their peers. Originality/value The findings from this study provide novel insights with regard to the resources and strategies used by female entrepreneurs during a time of crisis. The data was collected during two periods of great uncertainty for the entrepreneurs and at times when their availability was extremely limited.
Using Customer Review Systems to Support Purchase Decisions: A Comparative Study Between the U.S. and Thailand

Online reviews have emerged as influential sources of information that greatly affect customers’ pre-purchase decisions. Some studies have found that culture impacts online reviews, but many aspects of online review usage are still not well-understood. This study seeks to understand what factors influence the usage of online reviews and consumers’ intention to use online reviews influenced by culture. This study collects data from U.S. and Thai consumers to examine what factors affect user attitudes and intentions. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze the data, and the findings reveal that most of the proposed factors influence online review adoption for these two nationalities. One significant difference was found between the respondents of the two countries. The results should help online businesses gain a better understanding of these factors and thus direct their efforts to develop features that positively influence online review usage.