Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulating for trust: Can law establish trust in artificial intelligence?

The current political and regulatory discourse frequently references the term “trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI). ” In Europe, the attempts to ensure trustworthy AI started already with the High‐Level Expert Group Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI and have now merged into the regulatory discourse on the EU AI Act. Around the globe, policymakers are actively pursuing initiatives—as the US Executive Order on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy AI, or the Bletchley Declaration on AI showcase—based on the premise that the right regulatory strategy can shape trust in AI. To analyze the validity of this premise, we propose to consider the broader literature on trust in automation. On this basis, we constructed a framework to analyze 16 factors that impact trust in AI and automation more broadly. We analyze the interplay between these factors and disentangle them to determine the impact regulation can have on each. The article thus provides policymakers and legal scholars with a foundation to gauge different regulatory strategies, notably by differentiating between those strategies where regulation is more likely to also influence trust on AI (e.g., regulating the types of tasks that AI may fulfill) and those where its influence on trust is more limited (e.g., measures that increase awareness of complacency and automation biases). Our analysis underscores the critical role of nuanced regulation in shaping the human‐automation relationship and offers a targeted approach to policymakers to debate how to streamline regulatory efforts for future AI governance.
Adherence to a Traditional Mexican Diet Is Associated with Lower Hepatic Steatosis in US-Born Hispanics of Mexican Descent with Overweight or Obesity

Hispanics of Mexican descent have disproportionate rates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this work is to investigate the association between the traditional Mexican diet score (tMexS) and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, two NAFLD-related clinical endpoints, in Hispanic adults of Mexican descent. Data from 280 Hispanic adults of Mexican descent (n = 102 men, 178 women) with overweight or obesity enrolled in a cross-sectional observational study were analyzed. The tMexS was calculated from 24 h dietary recalls. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis measurements were assessed using transient elastography (Fibroscan®). Linear regression models testing the association between tMexS and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were run individually and through the stratification of significant modifiers. Mean tMexS were 5.9 ± 2.1, hepatic steatosis scores were 288.9 ± 48.9 dB/m, and fibrosis scores were 5.6 ± 2.2 kPa. Among the US-born group, with every point increase in the tMexS, there was a statistically significant 5.7 lower hepatic steatosis point (95% CI: −10.9, −0.6, p-value = 0.07). Higher adherence to a traditional Mexican diet was associated with lower hepatic steatosis in US-born Hispanics of Mexican descent. Findings from the current work may serve to inform future culturally relevant interventions for NAFLD prevention and management in individuals of Mexican descent.
China's Future Population and Development Challenges

This paper is concerned with the consequences of population growth and rapid urbanization in China since the beginning of economic reforms. Detailed urban-rural and national population projections were carried out using an urban-rural population model. Three main challenges crucial to China's future development were identified in the light of the results. These are the agriculture-food challenge, the employment challenge and the urbanization challenge.
Effect of Job Satisfaction, Compensation, Organizational Commitment and Profestic Leadership Style on Turnover Intention

The era of globalization, many employees are competing fiercely for seats in existing large companies. However, not a few are also willing to leave and move from one company to another for various reasons. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of job satisfaction on turnover intention, the effect of compensation on turnover intention, the effect of organizational commitment on turnover intention, and the influence of prophetic leadership style on turnover intention. The method used is a quantitative method with data collection, namely distributing questionnaires to employees of PT. Pysil Lasibe Kasanea. The data were analyzed using WarpPLS 7.0. The results in this study indicate that job satisfaction has a positive effect on turnover intention, compensation has a positive effect on turnover intention, organizational commitment has a positive effect on turnover intention and prophetic leadership style has a positive effect on turnover intention.
Geodiversity : a theoretical and applied concept

Abstract. The concept of geodiversity appears to have grown out of the discussions around biodiversity, and has evolved over time to become both a tool and a theoretical concept. The paper presents an overview of this conceptual evolution, leading to formulation of the argument that geodiversity is a broader term than geological diversity. Consequently, it is proposed that the concept should take into account all abiotic elements, processes and relations to the natural system and human activity The overview serves as a basis for focussing on the constituent elements of geodiversity that lead to the richness of variety in biotopes, ecosystems or landscapes and that infiuence its use in theoretical, educative and geoconservation terms. The suggestion is made to include four levels in a hierarchy of abiotic diversity (particles, elements, places and landscapes). several approaches to measuring and quantifying geodiversity are discussed, pointing to a need for a geodiversity index which links the different physical elements with processes in the soil, hydrology and geomorphology, as well as with topographical factors (orientation, slope and radiation).
Investigation of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution and Estimation of Pollution Loads in Honghu Valley

The load of agricultural non-point source pollution and the contribution of different pollution sources to water environment of Honghu valley were studied.The results showed that the total amount of CODCr,NH3-N,TN,and TP into Honghu valley were 38 372.26 t/a,787.667 t/a,4 349.054 t/a,and 396.106 t/a respectively.The order of pollution load of different agricultural sources was livestock and poultry aquaculture residents life planting farmland.The contributions of these four agricultural sources were 39.33%,32.92%,23.33% and 4.41% respectively.The load of CODCr,TN,and TP of livestock and poultry were highest,were 18 642.69 t/a,2 749.99 t/a and 296.72 t/a respectively,the NH3-N load of aquaculture was the largest.
Community Preparedness, Acceptability, and Uptake of UTT Services in PHC Facilities

Background: The Universal Test and Treat (UTT) strategy ensures that people test and initiate early treatment in health facilities. Communities have benefited from this strategy to help manage HIV and prevent the spread of the disease, but the way people perceive the strategy and their experiences of testing and initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the same day have an impact on their remaining on treatment and on their adherence. The aim of the study: The aim of this study was to describe the perceptions and explore the experiences of newly enrolled patients regarding the UTT strategy employed in health facilities in Kgetleng sub-district. Method: This is a qualitative study that used in-depth interviews to describe the perceptions and explore the experiences of newly enrolled patients regarding the UTT strategy employed in health facilities in Kgetleng sub-district. The twenty-seven participants were purposefully selected from three health facilities in the sub-district. The data were collected and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: The participants reported that they were not knowledgeable about or aware of the strategy until they tested positive in their clinics. HIV testing services (HTS) are still underused, as the participants presented to the facilities only when they were seriously ill, had various symptoms, or were pregnant. They described accepting their status and treatment because they were already sick, and there was nothing that they could do but take treatment. Despite the different emotions they experienced, the participants were able to accept their treatment and their status. Surprisingly, those who were still in denial also accepted treatment. Some were able to disclose and received support from their family, partners, and friends, but others had not disclosed. The data also showed their fear of stigmatization if they were seen coming to the clinic frequently. Conclusion: Being diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still a source of embarrassment. There is still a need to educate communities about the virus, encourage them to use HTS, and empower them with information to minimize stigma and promote social support. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2023-05-02-02 Full Text: PDF
Geopositioning Accuracy Assessment of GeoEye-1 Panchromatic and Multispectral Imagery

Currently GeoEye-1 is the World’s highest resolution commercial satellite. This paper analyses the attainable geopositioning accuracy from a single GeoEye-1 Geo image, both through the sensor orientation and orthorectification phases, for panchromatic ( PAN ) and multispectral ( MS ) products. Different 3D sensor models as well as the number and distribution of the ground control points ( GCP s) used for the sensor orientation were tested. Planimetric Root Mean Square Errors ( RMSE 2D ) close to 0.7 pixels, both for PAN and MS images, were attained using the third order 3D rational functions with the vendor’s rational polynomial coefficients data afterwards being refined by a zero order polynomial adjustment ( RPC 0). Furthermore, the RPC 0 sensor model proved to be significantly independent regarding the number and distribution of the GCP s. The RPC 0 model yielded RMSE 2D close to 0.46 m and 1.56 m for the PAN and MS orthorectified images, respectively, using a very accurate lidar-derived digital elevation model.
Factors Affecting Methylmercury Levels in Surficial Tailings from Historical Nova Scotia Gold Mines

Large quantities of Hg remain in tailings dumps from historical Nova Scotian gold mines. Depth profiles of total Hg (HgT) and methylmercury (MeHg) were compared with geochemical and microbiological variables, to identify factors influencing MeHg levels in tailings. HgT and MeHg were highly variable in tailings (0.2–73.5 μ mol kg− 1 and < dl-56.4 nmol kg− 1, respectively), and were influenced by a complex set of in situ factors. Elevated MeHg was linked with > 5 μ mol kg−1 HgT, organic matter, hydrology, abundance and activity of sulfate reducing bacteria, and demethylation processes. Methylmercury levels in tailings from a wet, bog-like site appeared to undergo seasonal fluctuations, with higher concentrations measured in September and October, and lower concentrations in May. Evaluations of amalgamation tailings should examine MeHg and HgT transport out of low-lying, saturated tailings dumps after snowmelt and major rainfall events, and should take into account the possibility of seasonal variation in MeHg levels in northern regions.
Restoring Abandoned Agricultural Lands in Puget Lowland Prairies: A New Approach

The establishment of parasitic plants may be limited both by their requirements and by those of their host plants. Castilleja levisecta (golden paintbrush) is a federally threatened hemiparasite associated with one of the most endangered ecosystems in the United States, the prairies of western Washington. Recovery of this species requires understanding how sensitive it is to presence and identity of host plants, and whether this sensitivity depends on C. levisecta size. I tested the effects of host plant presence and identity (none, Festuca roemeri, or Eriophyllum lanatum) and initial C. levisecta size (grown in 49 or 393 ml pots) on the performance of ~ 600 plants outplanted in a tilled field over two years. Performance was characterized using four metrics: survival, vigor, number of flowering stems, and seed capsule production. C. levisecta survival was higher in the presence of a host plant in both planting years. Importantly, host plant identity strongly affected survival and seed production in the second year after planting, with higher survival and seed production of C. levisecta plants with E. lanatum than with F. roemeri. C. levisecta plants grown in larger pots had consistently high survival and produced more seed, but only in year one. These results confirm that some hosts confer significantly greater benefits to the parasite than others. Further research should test which other hosts C. levisecta can use, and the mechanisms by which host plant identity might affect C. levisecta performance.
Effect Of Wrack Accumulation On Salt MarshVegetation, Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge,New York City, New York

In April 2004, five arrays in different types of salt marsh vegetation were covered with 15-20cm of wrack secured in place, in an attempt to duplicate the natural deposition of wrack on the marsh by tides and storms, and to quantify and extend anecdotal observations and the results of previous studies. A control plot in each array was left uncovered; another plot was covered with only 2-3cm. The wrack was removed from one plot in each array at one, two, four, and six month intervals. Up to two months of wrack coverage appeared to have little effect on either density or standing crop (recorded six months after initial coverage) of the principal marsh species, Spartina alterniflora, S. patens, Distichlis spicata, Juncus gerardii, and marsh margin Phragmites australis. Except for Phragmites, however, these species appeared to be strongly inhibited after four months of continual coverage, and killed or extremely inhibited after six months. Wrack 2-3cm thick (never removed) appeared to inhibit the aforementioned species after six months, but not as much as the 15-20cm wrack mat. These results are fairly consistent with those of an earlier study that focused on Spartina alterniflora only, except that two months’ coverage seemed sufficient to kill back most of the S. alterniflora in that study. Phragmites’ apparent resistance to wrack cover can be explained by the considerable energy reserves of its large rhizomes and the ability of its awl-like shoots to penetrate a thick wrack mat. Future studies should focus on recovery of the vegetation once the wrack has been removed, and on chemical changes in the soil caused by the decaying wrack, which may in turn affect the future course of vegetation development.
Achieving Integrated Urban Water Management via the Planning System in WA

This paper describes a process to improve the achievement of water sensitive urban design (WSUD) outcomes in new development through ensuring greater integration of land use and water planning. The framework was developed as part of a greenfield urban development demonstration project in the south-eastern suburbs of Perth. The framework provides guidance on the issues to be addressed to ensure better achievement of total water cycle management in planning applications, plans and strategies at appropriate stages in the process.
Examining the mediating effects of motivation between job insecurity and innovative behavior using a variable-centered and a person-centered approach

Introduction The fierce market competition environment makes employees feel insecure at work. While it is difficult for enterprises to provide employees with a sense of security, they have to rely on employees’ innovative behavior to seek competitive advantage. Therefore, this study focuses on how employees engage in innovative behavior when they face job insecurity. Methods Using a variable-centered approach, this study aims to examine the mediating effects of intrinsic and impression management motivation in the relationship between quantitative and qualitative job insecurity and innovative behavior, including proactive and reactive innovative behavior. In addition, a person-centered approach is used to investigate whether it is possible to distinguish different combinations of quantitative and qualitative job insecurity, and examine the effect of these job insecurity profiles on motivation and innovative behavior. We used 503 data sets collected via the Credamo platform in China into the data analysis. Results The study found that quantitative job insecurity affects proactive and reactive innovative behavior through impression management motivation and that qualitative job insecurity affects proactive and reactive innovative behavior through intrinsic and impression management motivation. In addition, three job insecurity profiles were identified: balanced high job insecurity, balanced low job insecurity, and a profile dominated by high quantitative job insecurity, all of which have significantly different effects on motivation and innovative behavior. Discussion This study contributes to provide new insights into the relationship between job insecurity and innovative behavior and compensate for the limitation of the traditional variable-centered approach that cannot capture heterogeneity within the workforce.
Minimum 7-year results of cementless total hip arthroplasty with vitamin E-diffused and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-grafted highly cross-linked polyethylene

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mid-term clinical results and polyethylene wear of vitamin E-diffused highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-grafted HXLPE in cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). Thirty-four THAs with vitamin E-diffused HXLPE (VEPE) and 32-mm cobalt-chromium head, and 116 THAs with MPC-grafted HXLPE and 32-mm alumina head were evaluated. The Merle d’Aubigné and Postel scores were administered. Kaplan–Meier survivorship was analyzed. Annual radiographs were analyzed using computerized method and linear steady-state wear rate was measured. The mean duration of follow-up was 9 years (range, 7–11 years) in VEPE group and 8 years (range, 7–10 years) in MPC group. The mean Merle d’Aubigné and Postel scores improved postoperatively in both groups. Kaplan–Meier survivorship with endpoint of revision was 100% (95% confidence interval, 100%–100%) in VEPE group and 98.3% (95% confidence interval, 93.4%–99.6%) in MPC group at 10 years (P = .44). The mean steady-state wear rate was 0.007 mm/year in VEPE group and 0.006 mm/year in MPC group (P = .60). The clinical results of both groups were good and wear rates of both liners were very low.
Linear Motion Materials on Authentic Learning in Collaborative Problem-Solving Model: Validity Aspects

The collaborative problem-solving model has advantages in providing facilities for individuals to work effectively in a group and apply their problem-solving skills in various situations and conditions. Problem-solving and collaboration skills are needed in the physics learning process, yet a lack of authentic learning-based resources and inappropriate learning models causes students to struggle to grasp the subject and solve issues collaboratively. The study aims to describe the theoretical validity of the development product in the form of authentic learning-based linear motion teaching materials using a collaborative problem-solving model. The Research and Development model used is ASSURE. The data was obtained through the validation sheet of teaching materials assessed by three validators. The validation findings indicate that the generated instructional materials are very valid, with an average score of 3.55. Thus, it is concluded that the linear motion teaching material based on authentic learning using a collaborative problem-solving model can be tested in the learning process. Thus, the developed teaching materials can be tried out in classroom learning and used as a learning resource for students to solve problems collaboratively.
QUINTUPLEXACRINUS, A NEW CLADID CRINOID GENUS FROM THE UPPER ORDOVICIAN MAQUOKETA FORMATION OF THE NORTHERN MIDCONTINENT OF THE UNITED STATES

Abstract Quintuplexacrinus new genus with Dendrocrinus oswegoensis Meek and Worthen (1868) as the type and only known species is described and assigned to the Merocrinidae. The new genus is characterized by a unique stem with a highly pentalobate axial canal; the distal column is highly differentiated with large and very high nodals and thin internodals. A cladistic analysis indicates that Quintuplexacrinus n. gen. is closely related to Praecupulocrinus. The numbers of the various orders of brachs are independent of the size and age of the animals. Within the arms only the numbers of primibrachs and secundibrachs are positively correlated. Some variation is related to position of the rays. The C ray bears the smallest number of primibrachs. The outer half-rays possess more numerous tertibrachs than the inner ones. Aboral cup growth produces a wide-based and distally expanding outline at all sizes. In general, the widths of the cup and the cup's component plates are positively allometric relative to their heights. Likewise, the width:height ratios of the proximal brachs, primibrachs through tertibrachs, increase in older and larger individuals because the widths grow faster than the heights. The number of columnals in both the proximal and distal stem regions is typically stabilized throughout ontogeny. However, the entire stem becomes longer and wider in larger specimens due to calcite deposition on the columnals. Development of the columnals is isometric so their shapes do not change with size and age.
Exploration for deep Paleozoic sediments in Uzbekistan using MT: Project “Paleorift”

To maintain self-sufficiency in oil, Uzbekistan is systematically exploring all oil-prospective basins in the country, including the Bukharo-Khivinsky paleorift (BKP) in central Uzbekistan. The BKP has a prospective area of 14 100 km2 and contains an estimated 63 000 km3 of prospective Paleozoic sediments below gas-producing Mesozoic sediments. The “Paleorift” project (begun in November 2001) is an integrated project comprising ten regional profiles 80-90 km long that will include seismic (using new 3D equipment), MT, gravity, magnetics, and thermometry. The field work began with MT because MT costs less than seismic, is easy and quick to use and interpret, causes minimal disturbance to agricultural land, and is definitive in this application. Uzbekneftegaz has long experience with MT and other electrical methods and routinely uses them before seismic. Approx. 350 MT stations were measured on three of the regional profiles (1 km station spacing) and on two “prospecting” profiles (500 m station spacing) over known Mesozoic gas deposits. The profiles mapped the boundaries of the BKP central graben, a crustal conductor in the north part of the BKP, a gas-producing Jurassic structural high, and a resistivity low associated with the gas deposits.