Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of various configurations of vertical slot fishways on fish behaviour in an experimental flume

The knowledge of fish behaviour within vertical slot fishways is limited. This paper describes fish progression through five pools of the 1:4 scale vertical slot fishway of the University of Poitiers (France). Fish behaviour is studied by video monitoring in the third pool of the model. The results are analyzed comparing the number of fish passages between the pools, the stabling zones used by fish in the monitoring pool during their progression and fish trajectories. Comparison of four different pool configurations is performed to estimate the effect of geometric variations on the upstream migration efficiency.
Large-scale reconstruction of accumulation rates in northern Greenland from radar data

Abstract Internal layers in polar ice sheets have been mapped in many areas using information from radio-echo sounding surveys. The layers contain imprints of past accumulation patterns and ice flow and can potentially provide estimates of past accumulation rates. In this study, average accumulation rates for the past 14.7 ka in north and central Greenland are recovered from the mapped depth of one pronounced isochrone using a simple ice flow model, accounting for both vertical and horizontal flow combined with formal inversion techniques. Using this method, upstream variations in the accumulation and flow are taken into account when inferring the accumulation rates from the deep layer. This resulted in larger spatial variations in the inferred accumulation rates compared to approaches using a one-dimensional ice flow model. The largest differences were found in areas of significant horizontal flow. The inferred accumulation rates agree with Holocene estimates from ice cores in the interior of the ice sheet. Across the central ice divide, the inferred accumulation pattern shows a pronounced gradient in accumulation rates, similar to the present-day pattern, suggesting that the large-scale pattern in the interior of central northern Greenland has been consistent throughout the past 14.7 ka.
THE DISCUSSION ABOUT THE ACCUMULATION OF GAS IN MIOCENE IN GUMAN TECTONIC BELT OF YE CHENG SAG

The main layer of Guman tectonic belt is the neogene of Miocene. According to the train of thought for structural reservoirs,there was no breakthrough in the 1980 s. Now we think there are no structure traps in the area through the research of seismic in recent years. Through the analysis of oil and gas source,sedimentary system and the tectonic background,lithologic reservoirs of Miocene are likely formed in the area. We analyze the main control factors of lithologic reservoir deeply in order to guide the exploration in the area better. Firstly,the research on the surface oil output state shows that the main source rock is Permian shale and the source is sufficient. Secondly,the reservoir is sandstone and siltstone,with low permeability and,low porosity,which is located in underwater channel of fan delta. The cover for reservoir is mudstone and sandy mudstone which is interacted with the reservoir. The trap types is updip lithologic trap under the background of structure. The vertical fracture that links with oil and lateral reservoir sand composes stereo channel system for oil and gas.Therefore,Guman tectonic belt is in good accumulation condition and it has considerable exploration potential. It is more realistic exploration replacement area since Kekeya gas field discovered.
Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Corn and Sweet Potato in Monoculture and Intercropping

In order to understand the effect on photosynthetic characteristics of corn intercropping group.The photosynthetic characteristics and yield of corn and sweet potato in monoculture and intercropping were studied by LI— 6400(made in USA). The results showed that: the photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate of maize increased,but the intercellular CO2 decreased in intercrop,and they were adverse in sweet potato,the compound yield were higher in intercropping than in monoculture,land equivalent ratio(LER) reached 1.2,which showed that intercropping had obvious advantage.
THE DISCOVERY AND THE FEATURES OF THE HEISHAN OPHIOLITE IN THE SOUTH MARGIN OF QIMANTAGE MOUNTAIN, EASTERN KUNLUN

Regionally geological survey at 1:250,000 in the Ayakekumu lake area in SinKiang has revealed that the ophiolite, new dicovered in Heishan mountain of the south margin of Qimantageshan, eastern Kunlun, mainly consists of cumulus crystal complex and residual oceanic tholeiite, with a little structural deformation and a small thickness of remaining ophiolite. The tholeiite is characterized by low potassium, low titanium, high magnesium, unclear in light and heavy rare earth, normal and little enrichment of large ion lithophile elements, low highenrichment of high field elements. Comprehensive researches have concluded that the Heishan ophiolite was formed in Nanhua Ordovician period and its structural location in Silurian period early Middle Devonian epoch.
Formation evaluation of an onshore appraisal well ‘KG-5’, “green field”, Niger Delta, Nigeria

The Well KG-5 is a vertical well drilled to evaluate an exploration prospect in the onshore “Green Field” Niger Delta. It discovered a significant oil column within the sandstone reservoir intervals. A conventional suite of wireline logs including gamma ray, calliper, sonic, density, neutron, dual laterolog and micro-SFL resistivities were acquired for formation evaluation purposes. Also two cores were cut in the reservoir interval for hydrocarbon shows analysis. The result of the formation evaluation shows that reservoir zones Q-A and Q-B contain oil while reservoirs Q-C and Q-D are water filled. The contact between the oil and water (Oil water contact-OWC/Free Water Level) is at a depth of 2464m. The net pay porosity values range between 0.139v/v and 0.165v/v with an average of about 0.158v/v. The trends of the neutron-density crossplot and the Picket plot indicate that there is a little contribution of dispersed and laminated clays in the reservoir, which would have significantly affected the poro-perm values of the reservoir intervals. Also, the net pay water saturation (0.266v/v) is reduced as compared with the net reservoir saturation (0.434v/v). And out of 8.080 equivalent pore column (EPC), 5.935 are equivalent hydrocarbon column (EHC). Because the minor claystone beds within the reservoir sands are laterally continuous and may be vertical permeability barriers; the reservoir engineers should run a separate perforation for reservoirs Q-A and Q-B. This is because the two reservoirs may not be in vertical communication due to claystone baffles. And so hydrocarbon flow would be mainly horizontal.
Associated

Updating beliefs in changing environments can be driven by gradually adapting expectations or by relying on inferred hidden states (i.e., contexts), and changes therein. Previous work suggests that increased reliance on context could underly fear relapse phenomena that hinder clinical treatment of anxiety disorders. We test whether trait anxiety variations in a healthy population influence how much individuals rely on hidden-state inference. In a Pavlovian learning task, participants observed cues that predicted an upcoming electrical shock with repeatedly changing probability, and were asked to provide expectancy ratings on every trial. We show that trait anxiety is associated with steeper expectation switches after contingency reversals and reduced oddball learning. Furthermore, trait anxiety is related to better fit of a state inference compared to a gradual learning model when contingency changes are large. Our findings support previous work suggesting hidden-state inference as a mechanism behind anxiety-related to fear relapse phenomena.
Dependence of the thickness of the elastic oceanic lithosphere on age

Most bathymetric profiles of oceanic trenches show a well-defined outer rise seaward of the trench. The widths of the observed outer rises are used with an elastic flexure model to determine the effective elastic thickness (EET) of the oceanic lithosphere as a function of the age of the lithosphere being subducted. A model for the EET is proposed in which its upper boundary is taken at a prescribed depth and its lower boundary at a prescribed temperature. It is assumed that the base temperature is the temperature at which elastic stresses are relaxed by dislocation creep on geological time scales. Using a laboratory-derived creep law this relaxation temperature is found to be 700±100°C this result is relatively insensitive to time and stress levels. Using accepted thermal models for the oceanic lithosphere, this relaxation temperature gives values of the EET which are in good agreement with the observations.
Applied Linguistics Review

The goal of this study is to shed light on how empirical data on the discourse constraints of null and overt third person subject pronouns in L1 and bilingual Spanish meet linguistic theory. A (semi)spontaneous production task was administered to 34 Moroccan Arabic (MA)/Spanish early sequential bilinguals and 30 L1 Spanish controls. All 3 person subject positions were coded: (1) morphosyntactic form (null pronoun vs. overt pronoun); (2) discourse function ([-Topic Shift] vs. [+Topic Shift]); (3) sentence relation (intrasentential vs. intersentential); (4) clause order within intrasentential contexts (mainsubordinate vs. subordinate-main); and (5) access to the antecedent (clear vs. ambiguous antecedent). The results reveal general patterns of use in both L1 and bilingual Spanish: null pronouns express topic maintenance both in interand intrasentential contexts (both clause orders) and overt pronouns, especially in intersentential contexts, are generally used for topic change. However, additional analyses provide evidence that null pronouns in L1, but not in bilingual Spanish, are often used in change of reference contexts where the antecedent is not ambiguous. This reveals patterns that have gone unreported by most previous descriptive and theoretical studies. Finally, a higher use of ambiguous null pronouns is attested among bilingual speakers, which suggests a lower control of the mechanisms by which reference is established in discourse and supports, to some extent, the predictions derived from the Interface Hypothesis. *Corresponding author: Estela García-Alcaraz, Modern Languages and Literatures, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, E-mail: egarcia@uottawa.ca Aurora Bel, Translation and Language Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain, E-mail: aurora.bel@upf.edu This paper derives from the first author’s dissertation (directed by the second author), which was defended at Pompeu Fabra University in 2015 under the title Comprensión y producción de los pronombres nulos y explícitos de tercera persona en posición de sujeto en la adquisición temprana del español L2. Applied Linguistics Review 2019; 10(4): 491–515
SOLAR X-RAY FLARES INFLUENCE ON VLF/LF SIGNALS IN DIFFERENT MIDDLE-LATITUDES PATHS

Sudden Phase Anomalies (SPAs) of VLF/LF signals recorded in Graz (Austria), Sheffield (UK) and Moscow (Russia) stations during two solar flares of intensity class X1.0 and M3.8 in November 2013 are examined. Data from seven transmitters in frequency range from about 20 to 45 kHz are used for the analysis. SPAs were observed in middle-latitudes paths with length from 200 to 7000 km and different orientation. Solar X-ray burst data were taken from the satellite GOES observations in the band of 0.1-0.8 nm. SPA characteristics like types, onset times, growth times, duration of SPA events and their amplitudes are studied. Observed SPAs are positive in 24 cases and they are negative in 2 cases regardless of the length or orientation of paths or signal frequency. The amplitude of SPAs in different paths varies from 10 to 230 degrees and no clear correlation between amplitude of SPAs and intensity of the solar flares or length of the paths are found. The SPAs begin within 3 and 4 minutes after the start of the first and second flare events, respectively. The time of growth for the first event is from 4 to 23 minutes and for the second event it is only 2-5 minutes. The duration is longer for the first event (~1h20 min-2 h) and it is shorter for the weaker flare (~30 min-1h30min).
Velocity‐ and slip‐dependent weakening in simulated fault gouge: Implications for multimode fault slip

In addition to the velocity dependence of friction, slip dependence may play a major role before and during earthquake slip in fault zones. We performed laboratory friction experiments on simulated fault gouges, measuring both the velocity and slip dependence of friction in velocity step tests. The pure velocity‐dependent component of friction measured over short displacements shows both velocity strengthening and velocity weakening friction, depending on the amount of slip considered. However, we observe that increases in sliding velocity can induce slip weakening behavior which overwhelms the velocity dependence resulting in large overall weakening, especially at rates > 1 µm/s. On natural tectonic faults, this suggests that a velocity perturbation, such as coseismic rupture propagating onto a fault patch, could induce instability via large slip weakening. Therefore, a fault which is experiencing a transient slip or slow earthquakes may be more easily induced to slip coseismically if a dynamic rupture from large earthquake propagates onto the fault.
Time to update the sectional classification of Ilex (Aquifoliaceae): New insights from Ilex phylogeny, morphology, and distribution

Resolving the infrageneric classification of species‐rich genera has been challenging in plant taxonomy. Ilex L. is a subcosmopolitan genus with over 600 species of dioecious trees and shrubs. Many classification systems based on morphological data have been proposed during the past 250 years. However, these systems (such as Loesener's and Galle's systems) may not truly reflect Ilex's evolutionary trajectories because most of those system's infrageneric hierarchies are not monophyletic. In this study, we reconstructed a phylogeny of Ilex L. comprising 15 moderately to highly supported clades using rigorously identified samples (202 species) and closely authenticated gene sequences of three nuclear genes [internal transcribed spacer (ITS), external transcribed spacer (ETS), and nepGS]. The newly generated phylogenetic tree resembles essentially that of the nuclear tree of Manen et al., but shows conspicuous topological differences with the phylogeny of Yao et al. Closely scrutinizing morphological variation and distributional patterns of 202 species, this study found that most lineages of Ilex identified herein are well defined by a particular trait or a combination of morphological and distributional traits, displaying phylogeny–morphology–distribution conformity that has seldom been uncovered in previous studies. Given the general phylogeny–morphology–distribution conformity revealed in this genus, we put forward an updated sectional classification system for Ilex that temporarily contains 14 sections. The new classification will provide a robust framework for studying the evolution and diversification of this ecologically and economically important genus.
Natural and Anthropogenic Climate Variability Signals in a 237‐Year‐Long Coral Record From the Philippines

Both proxy and model studies conducted to understand anthropogenic warming have revealed historical variations in sea‐surface temperature (SST) since the industrial revolution. However, because of discrepancies between observations and models in the late nineteenth century, the timing and degree of anthropogenic warming remain unclear. In this study, we reconstructed a 237‐year‐long record of SST and salinity using a coral core collected from Bicol, southern Luzon, Philippines, which is located at the northern edge of the western Pacific warm pool. The SST record showed volcanic cooling after several volcanic eruptions, including the 1815 Tambora eruption, but the pattern of change differed. Decadal SST variations at Bicol are connected to Pacific Decadal Variability (PDV). Therefore, it is suggested that the PDV conditions at the time of the eruption may have influenced marine conditions, such as the degree and duration of cooling and/or salinity, after the eruptions. Although there were discrepancies in SST variations among the modeled, observed, and proxy SST data from the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries, SST data from the late twentieth century showed globally coherent anthropogenic warming, especially after 1976. In particular, summer SST in the northwestern Pacific has become more sensitive to anthropogenic forcing since 1976.
A Reduced Grid Method for a Parallel Global Ocean General Circulation Model

A limitation of many explicit finite-difference global climate models is the timestep restriction caused by the decrease in cell size associated with the convergence of meridians near the poles. A computational grid in which the number of cells in the longitudinal direction is reduced toward high-latitudes, keeping the longitudinal width of the resulting cells as uniform as possible and increasing the allowable timestep, is applied to a three-dimensional primitive equation ocean-climate model. This ''reduced'' grid consists of subgrids which interact at interfaces along their northern and southern boundaries, where the resolution changes by a factor of three. Algorithms are developed to extend the finite difference techniques to this interface, focusing on the conservation required to perform long time integrations, while preserving the staggered spatial arrangement of variables and the numerics used on subgrids. The reduced grid eliminates the common alternative of filtering high-frequency modes from the solution at high-latitudes to allow a larger timestep and reduces execution time per model step by roughly 20 percent. The reduced grid model is implemented for parallel computer architectures with two-dimensional domain decomposition and message passing, with speedup results comparable to those of the original model. Both idealized and realistic model runs are presented to show the effect of the interface numerics on the model solution. First, a rectangular, mid-latitude, at-bottomed basin with vertical walls at the boundaries is driven only by surface wind stress to compare three resolutions of the standard grid to reduced grid cases which use various interface conditions. Next, a similar basin with wind stress, heat, and fresh water forcing is used to compare the results of a reduced grid with those of a standard grid result while exercising the full set of model equations. Finally, global model runs, with topography, forcing, and physical parameters similar to those used for ocean-climate studies, are advanced to a near equilibrium state for both the reduced grid and the standard grid. Differences between the two are presented for typical fields of interest, and very little degradation of the solution due to the reduced grid is observed.
From cancer patient to cancer survivor : lost in transition : an American Society of Clinical Oncology and Institute of Medicine Symposium

This report of the proceedings of a symposium held in conjunction with the release of the IOM report, From Cancer Patient to Cancer Survivor: Lost in Transition, represents an effort on the part of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship (NCCS), and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to further disseminate the findings and recommendations of the IOM report and to take the next step toward implementation of those recommendations. The symposium and this report serve as important vehicles to raise awareness, fill gaps that have existed in cancer patients' long-term care, and chart a course for quality care for cancer survivors and their families. More than 100 stakeholders in the cancer community, including survivors, advocates, healthcare providers, government officials, insurers and payers, and researchers participated in the symposium. This report culminates a series of work at the IOM focused on cancer survivorship. The idea to embark on a major study of cancer survivorship within the National Academies originated with the National Cancer Policy Board (NCPB). The NCPB was established in 1997 in the IOM and the National Research Council's Division of Earth and Life Studies at the request of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institutes of Health, and the President's Cancer Panel. The NCPB identified emerging policy issues in the nation's effort to combat cancer, and prepared reports that address those issues, including a series of reports on topics ranging from cancer prevention to end-of-life care.
The role of rhizosphere signalling in the plant-cyst nematode interaction

The eclepins are a group of root-exuded compounds that induce the hatching of cyst nematodes, economically relevant pests for crops such as soybean and potato. From an evolutionary standpoint a beneficial effect of eclepins would be expected for the plant. To identify this beneficial effect, we analysed the transcriptome of two plant species in response to treatment with an eclepin. One of the eclepins, solanoeclepin A (solA), produced by members of the Solanaceae, was used in this study to treat tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) and Arabidopsis seedlings grown in vitro. Samples were used to call differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using RNAseq and followed by GO term enrichment analysis. RNAseq analysis showed that solA downregulates the immune and hypoxia response, as well as ethylene biosynthesis and signalling, and promotes root growth. This response was particularly strong under N and P deficiency in Arabidopsis. Hence, solA affects gene expression in species it is not produced by. Furthermore, these results suggest that solA prepares the plant for colonization by microorganisms, possibly playing a role in nutrient uptake. Moreover, the change in hypoxia response and ethylene signalling and growth stimulation point toward the induction of an altered root architecture, possibly further improving the plant’s ability to recruit benefici al microbes and absorb nutrients.
Correlation between bispectral index and FOUR score in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Introduction For neurological testing and monitoring of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients whose verbal component of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) cannot be assessed, the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score has been established. In order to determine the degree of awareness in patients with traumatic brain injury, this study will correlate the FOUR score with the bispectral index (BIS) and global consciousness score (GCS). Methods Twenty TBI patients with traumatic brain injury who were hospitalised to the surgical ICU at Cairo University Hospital participated in our prospective observational research. An observer who was blind to the BIS values assessed each of the FOUR scores and GCS (Covidien BIS complete monitoring system, Mansfield, MA, USA). Each patient provided four sets of readings. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to perform a correlation between the FOUR score, GCS, and BIS (r). Results There was a significant correlation between BIS and FOUR score (r = 0.854, 95% confidence interval: 0.780–0.904) (P < 0.001). There was also a significant correlation between BIS and GCS (r = 0.864, 95% confidence interval: 0.795–0.911) (P < 0.001). Conclusion There is a strong correlation between FOUR score, GCS, and BIS values in patients with traumatic brain injury. FOUR score seems a reliable alternative for GCS and BIS in the assessment of degree of consciousness, especially in intubated patients.