Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin on haematological parameters of dogs

In this study, the effect of two fluoroquinolones employed in small and companion animal medicine were evaluated. The haemogram of eight healthy dogs administered with oral ciprofloxacin (25mg/kg) or levofloxacin (25mg/kg) 12hourly for 14days was assessed using the packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell counts, haemoglobin concentration, total white blood cells and the differential counts and platelet count. Blood samples were collected before commencement of treatment on day 0 and subsequently on days 2, 5, 7, 10 and 14. Dogs administered with ciprofloxacin exhibited a gradual decline in the PCV between days 0 (34.0±4.0%) and 10 (28.7±1.5%), followed by a return to pre-treatment value by day 14 (34.0±1.0%). Red cell indices showed a similar pattern of decline with the lowest level recorded on day 10 (4.5±0.3X10 6 /μL) from 5.3±0.8X10 6 /μL on day 0. White cell indices on the other hand were within the same range throughout the study. Levofloxacin reduced the mean PCV between days 0 (39.3±5.9%) and 2 (28.7±3.2%) with a gradual return to pre-treatment values by day 14 (33.7±5.3%). The decline in the PCV of dogs administered with levofloxacin may be due to the reduction in all the blood parameters except the mean lymphocyte and eosinophil counts (33.3±6.4% and 2.3±1.5%) which increased from 17.8±4.3% and 1.8±0.6%. The platelet count also reduced by day 2 for ciprofloxacin (1.70±0.17X105/μL) and levofloxacin (1.65±0.26X105/μL). The two fluoroquinolones showed some potential for causing anaemia and a mild blood clotting defect which may resolve within a few days. From this study, prescription and administration the drugs should be with caution especially in dogs with any underlying blood dyscrasia. Keywords : Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, haematology, dog
Assessing the impact of soil on manganese contamination in springs and groundwater in the Shenandoah valley, Virginia

There are multiple potential geogenic and anthropogenic sources of Mn in surface water and groundwater. Since the discovery of manganese (Mn) in 1774 (Weeks, 1932), it has been utilized for a plethora of purposes in American industry, including infrastructure and agriculture (Johnson, 2006). Mn has also been mined for energy production and fertilizer for decades, the byproducts of which all contribute to Mn entering waterways (Howe and International Programme on Chemical Safety, 2004). In the Blue Ridge Mountains, geogenic sources of Mn are hypothesized to have existed since the Paleozoic era (Pegau, 1958) as a result of clay weathering processes at the contact of the Shady Dolomite and Erwin Formations, forming primarily Mn(III/IV) oxide minerals such as pyrolusite and hollandite (Carmichael et al., 2017; Stose et al., 1919). To the west in the Shenandoah Valley, the origin of Mn ores is thought to be a two-step process involving hydrothermal deposition followed by supergene enrichment. In other words, Mn(III/IV) oxides initially precipitated from a hot solution of mineral enriched water which forced its way through cracks in the Earth’s surface, followed by supergene alteration from the downward percolation of mineralbearing surface water, as evidenced by two distinct mineralogies and geochemical signatures (Carmichael et al., 2017). South of the Shenandoah Valley in the Roanoke River Watershed, Mn ores are believed to have been formed by only supergene processes, with temperatures below 130°C, as indicated by the presence of goethite (Kiracofe et al., 2017). However, rather than a strictly downward percolation model as previously hypothesized (Espenshade, 1954). Kiracofe et al. (2017) suggests Mn was first released from country rock via chemical weathering and carried to reducing conditions by downward percolating groundwater where it was then trapped in mineral structures due to diagenesis and metamorphism. This process is believed to have been followed by the upwelling of anoxic groundwater, releasing Mn(II) aq by chemical weathering, which was then transported to oxic conditions with sufficient microbial support to precipitate Mn(III/IV) oxides (Kiracofe et al., 2017). In all cases, these Mn (oxyhydr)oxide deposits weather and erode through time, transported by aeolian and alluvial processes to eventually end up in the water system.
A Novel Bidirectional Flow Electromagnetic Measurement System for Drilling Engineering

The prevailing advanced method for early overflow monitoring involves the comparison of the surface mud pump injection flow rate with the downhole annular return flow rate. Despite its widespread use, this indirect comparison method leaves room for enhancement, particularly in performance. Real-time monitoring of downhole bidirectional flow information near the drill bit presents a more direct and precise approach to early overflow detection. This article introduces a novel downhole bidirectional flow electromagnetic measurement system (BEMFS). Initially, an in-depth exploration is conducted into the measurement principles, the theoretical model’s construction, and the weight function’s solution related to the downhole BEMFS. Subsequently, through the finite element simulation software, the theoretical model of the downhole BEMFS and the theoretical model of the gas invasion system are verified, and the optimal structure design parameters of the excitation coil of the measurement system are obtained. Lastly, an experimental platform is established to conduct experimental testing on the BEMFS principle prototype. The experimental results show that the instantaneous flow measurement accuracy of the BEMFS principle prototype reaches 1.0 level, which can meet the needs of bidirectional flow measurement. This verifies that the feasibility of the BEMFS for gas invasion overflow monitoring is also validated.
Patterns and Reasons for Extracted Primary Teeth in Children Attending a Pediatric Dental Teaching Clinic

Introduction: Understanding the patterns and reasons why children’s primary teeth are extracted is crucial to improve oral health outcomes among children. Objective: This retrospective study aimed to determine the patterns and reasons for primary teeth extraction in children attending a dental teaching clinic in Malaysia. Materials and methods: Between 2009 and 2019, dental records were screened by undergraduate students for patients aged under 16 years who had undergone primary tooth extraction. Data were collected on age, gender, indications and year of tooth extraction, as well as type of tooth extracted. Descriptive statistics and bivariate association analysis were performed. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 1,785 teeth were extracted. Females had more tooth extractions than males. Tooth extraction was common among the 7–9 years old group (47.2%). The most frequently extracted primary tooth was the first molar (29.1%), whereas the lateral incisor was the least (11.7%). Extraction due to dental caries was the main reason among all age groups (57.5%), followed by shedding time (38.1%). Statistical differences were found between patterns and reasons for tooth extraction and age groups (p< 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in terms of the age and year of extraction (p> 0.05). Conclusions: First molars were the most frequently extracted teeth. Dental caries and its sequelae remain the foremost cause of dental extraction among this sample of Malaysian children. The development of appropriate oral health education programs on the importance of primary teeth, alongside early dental examination, are recommended to prevent tooth extraction.
Retention in statutory social work from fast-track child and family programs

Summary Two fast-track child and family social work training programs have been established in England — Step Up to Social Work and Frontline. Trainees’ financial support is far higher than for mainstream social work degrees. One of the reasons claimed for setting up these programs is addressing retention, although critics (of Frontline) predicted graduates would not stay in social work. A 4-year study assessed retention and reasons for leaving social work. Attrition rates from statutory social work were calculated from responses (n = 2543) to annual surveys, plus looking up non-respondents in the professional register. Interviews were conducted with fast-track graduates (n = 80) and employers (n = 29). Findings The overall rate of social work graduates not in statutory social work at 18 months post-qualification was 12% for fast-track programs, and Higher Education Statistics Agency survey data show attrition at 15 months post-qualification as 18% for all social work routes. Frontline's original national recruitment approach was less successful for retention than Step Up to Social Work's regional approach. Perceived local authority support and intrinsic job satisfaction were associated with attrition in longitudinal bivariate analysis. Fast-track graduates leaving statutory social work typically moved to work in social care (including policy roles), health, or education. Applications Early-career attrition appears to be somewhat lower from fast-track programs than from all social work graduates. Longer-term comparison is not yet possible. In promoting retention, employers should be aware of the importance of staff perceptions of the local authority as supportive, and of their intrinsic job satisfaction.
Fecal Microbiota Underlying the Coexistence of Schizophrenia and Multiple Sclerosis in Chinese Patients

Both schizophrenia (SZ) and multiple sclerosis (MS) affect millions of people worldwide and impose a great burden on society. Recent studies indicated that MS elevated the risk of SZ and vice versa, whereas the underlying pathological mechanisms are still obscure. Considering that fecal microbiota played a vital role in regulating brain functions, the fecal microbiota and serum cytokines from 90 SZ patients and 71 age-, gender-, and BMI-matched cognitively normal subjects (referred as SZC), 22 MS patients and 33 age-, gender-, and BMI-matched healthy subjects (referred as MSC) were analyzed. We found that both diseases demonstrated similar microbial diversity and shared three differential genera, including the down-regulated Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and the up-regulated Streptococcus. Functional analysis indicated that the three genera were involved in pathways such as “carbohydrate metabolism” and “amino acid metabolism. ” Moreover, the variation patterns of serum cytokines associated with MS and SZ patients were a bit different. Among the six cytokines perturbed in both diseases, TNF-α increased, while IL-8 and MIP-1α decreased in both diseases. IL-1ra, PDGF-bb, and RANTES were downregulated in MS patients but upregulated in SZ patients. Association analyses showed that Faecalibacterium demonstrated extensive correlations with cytokines in both diseases. Most notably, Faecalibacterium correlated negatively with TNF-α. In other words, fecal microbiota such as Faecalibacterium may contribute to the coexistence of MS and SZ by regulating serum cytokines. Our study revealed the potential roles of fecal microbiota in linking MS and SZ, which paves the way for developing gut microbiota-targeted therapies that can manage two diseases with a single treat.
Feasibility of training primary healthcare workers to identify antenatal depression

Abstract Identifying women with depressive symptoms is the first step to reducing the risk of the short-term and long-term consequences of antenatal depression. Task shifting by training primary healthcare workers may help to reduce the burden in low-resource settings. Twenty health workers in a primary healthcare center in urban Bengaluru were trained to screen and identify antenatal depression. The training had two components: knowledge-based, using the depression module in the Mental Health Gap Action Program; and skills-based hands-on training, using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Knowledge about antenatal depression in the health workers improved by three units after training (p < 0.001). Their perceived skills and self-efficacy also improved by one unit each (p = 0.032 and p = 0.036, respectively). Following the training, 25% of the pregnant women who underwent screening by health workers reported depressive symptoms, as compared to no positive screening before training. Training was found to improve the knowledge, perceived skills and self-efficacy of nurses, junior health assistants and Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), and was found to increase the screening rate of depression in an antenatal clinic in urban India. Incorporating screening for depressive symptoms into regular antenatal care is feasible in low-resource settings.
Subchronic toxicity of Sideritis scardica, Lamiaceae on male Wistar rats.

INTRODUCTION Sideritisscardica, Lamiaceae, is a plant with anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, digestive, and antimicrobial properties that is widely used in folk medicine throughout the Balkan Peninsula. The name derives from the Greek word 'sideros', meaning iron, and it is believed that the plant was also used by soldiers to heal wounds caused by cutting weapons.
Biologics in steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in childhood: review and new hypothesis-driven treatment

Nephrotic syndrome affects about 2–7 per 100,000 children yearly and accounts for less than 15% of end stage kidney disease. Steroids still represent the cornerstone of therapy achieving remission in 75–90% of the cases The remaining part result as steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome, characterized by the elevated risk of developing end stage kidney disease and frequently presenting disease recurrence in case of kidney transplant. The pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome is still far to be elucidated, however, efficacy of immune treatments provided the basis to suggest the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of the disease. Based on these substrates, more immune drugs, further than steroids, were administered in steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome, such as antiproliferative and alkylating agents or calcineurin inhibitors. However, such treatments failed in inducing a sustained remission. In last two decades, the developments of monoclonal antibodies, including the anti-CD20 rituximab and inhibitor of B7-1 abatacept, represented a valid opportunity of treatment. However, also the effectiveness of biologics resulted limited. We here propose a new hypothesis-driven treatment based on the combining administration of rituximab with the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab (NCT05704400), sustained by the hypothesis to target the entire B-cells subtypes pool, including the long-lived plasmacells.
Treatment of filtration bleb dysfunction after glaucoma surgery by needle revision of filtration bleb combined with conbercept

Filtration surgery (Trabeculectomy) is the main treatment for glaucoma. The scarring of the filtration bleb and obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor through the filtration channel are the main reasons of the surgery failure. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of needle revision of filtration blebs combined with subconjunctival injection of conbercept on the functional bleb formation in glaucoma patients with eye pressure out of control after trabeculectomy. A total of 48 eyes with poor filtration bleb function after trabeculectomy for glaucoma were treated with needle revision of filtration bleb combined with subconjunctival injection of conbercept. After the treatment, the patients were followed up for 3 months during which visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp and ultrasound biomicroscope examinations were performed. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. The visual acuity and intraocular pressure were significantly improved after the needle revision of filtration blebs. Among the 48 eyes, 39 eyes still had functional blebs at the end of the follow-up period, and filtration blebs failed in 9 eyes 2 to 8 weeks after the removal of the needle. The survival rate of filtration blebs at 3 months after needle revision was (79.06 ± 3.42%), and 81.25% (39/48) of the eyes showed good formation rate of functional bleb at the last follow-up. Three months after needle revision, there was local scar formation in some filtration blebs. Part of the filtration blebs showed mild thickening of the local subconjunctival tissue, and the filtration bleb was slightly raised and diffuse, showing a multi-cavity and thin-walled shape in some blebs. Ultrasound biomicroscopy examination showed relative structural manifestations. Subconjunctival hemorrhage occurred in 43 patients during and after the operation. Low intraocular pressure occurred in 8 patients with the lowest pressure of 5 mm Hg. Choroidal edema was observed in 3 patients. Five patients had intraoperative conjunctival hemorrhage in the anterior chamber, and hyphema occurred. All complications were self-limited and resolved without surgical intervention. Needle revision of filtration bleb combined with anti-VEGF drugs is a safe and effective method for the treatment of filtration bleb dysfunction after surgery of glaucoma.
The Possible Clinical Significance of a Decreased Serum Level of Soluble PD-L1 in Discoid Lupus Erythematosus, but Not in Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus—A Pilot Study

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune skin disease with various clinical forms, including the subtypes of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE). The altered function of the programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis in CLE pathogenesis has been suggested. Here, the soluble forms of PD-1 (sPD-1) and PD-L1 (sPD-L1) were explored in untreated DLE and SCLE. Levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serums of 21 DLE, 18 SCLE, 13 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Differences between patient groups and HCs, and the association between clinical activity of skin symptoms and sPD-1/sPD-L1 levels were analyzed with Mann–Whitney U-test and Spearmann’s correlation. Regarding sPD-1 levels, no statistically significant differences were found between DLE and SCLE groups, nor compared to HCs. As for sPD-L1, a significantly lower level was found in the DLE group compared to the SCLE and HC groups (p = 0.027 and p = 0.009, respectively). In SLE, significantly higher sPD-1 was found compared to HCs (p = 0.002). No association between skin symptom activity and sPD-1/sPD-L1 levels was found in CLE. Alterations of the inhibitory effect of sPD-L1 on T-cell activity might elucidate the differences between DLE and SCLE.
The Prevalence of Liver Fibrosis Stages on More than 23,000 Liver Stiffness Measurements by Vibration-Controlled Transient Elastography: A Single Center Study

Vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) was the first non-invasive method used for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. Over the years, many studies have evaluated its performance. It is now used globally, and, in some countries, it represents the primary step in evaluating liver fibrosis. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of VCTE and highlight the prevalence of liver fibrosis stages assessed by VCTE in a large cohort of patients at a single study center. We also aimed to observe the trends in liver stiffness (LS) values over the years according to each type of hepatopathy. A retrospective study was conducted over a period of 13 years (2007–2019) and included patients who presented to our clinic for LS measurements (LSMs), either with known liver diseases or with suspected liver pathology who were undergoing fibrosis screening. The database contained a total of 23,420 measurements. Valid LSMs were obtained in 90.91% (21,291/23,420) of the cases, while 2129 (9.09%) of the measurements were either failed or unreliable. In untreated patients with chronic viral hepatitis, LS values tended to increase during the years, while in patients undergoing antiviral therapy LS values significantly decreased. Our comprehensive study, one of the largest of its kind spanning 13 years, emphasizes the reliability and significance of VCTE in real-world clinical settings.
Skin substitutes as treatment for chronic wounds: current and future directions

Chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers and venous leg ulcers place a significant burden on the healthcare system and in some cases, have 5-year mortality rates comparable to cancer. They negatively impact patients’ quality of life due to pain, odor, decreased mobility, and social isolation. Skin substitutes are an advanced therapy recommended for wounds that fail to show decrease in size with standard care. The choice of substitute used should be based on evidence, which often differs based on wound etiology. There are more than 75 skin substitutes currently available, and that number is rising. In this review, we discuss current management and future directions of chronic wounds while providing a review of available randomized control trial data for various skin substitutes.
Neural Logic Vision Language Explainer

If we compare how humans reason and how deep models reason, humans reason in a symbolic manner with a formal language called logic, while most deep models reason in black-box. A natural question to ask is “Do the trained deep models reason similar as humans? ” or “Can we explain the reasoning of deep models in the language of logic? ”. In this work, we present NeurLogX to explain the reasoning process of deep vision language models in the language of logic. Given a trained vision language model, our method starts by generating reasoning facts through augmenting the input data. We then develop a differentiable inductive logic programming framework to learn interpretable logic rules from the facts. We show our results on various popular vision language models. Interestingly, we observe that almost all of the tested models can reason logically.
‘You made us feel at home’: towards Indigenous feminist methodologies with young wāhine in sport and exercise

ABSTRACT Decades of research on Indigenous and culturally diverse young women in sport and exercise has been underpinned by deficit models where these groups are portrayed as ‘lacking’, ‘at risk’, and/or ‘vulnerable’. Such approaches have been heavily critiqued for ignoring broader structural and systemic inequities that have produced such health disparities. These approaches also reproduce racialised ideologies of Indigenous and culturally diverse women where they are seen as a ‘problem group’ in sport, exercise and health research. Over recent years, a growing body of research is advancing culturally appropriate methodologies and methods that aim to prioritise the voices and lived experiences of Indigenous and culturally diverse women. This paper contributes to this literature by providing an example of research that used Indigenous methodologies (Mana Wahine and Masi Methodology) to engage young Māori and Pasifika wāhine in Aotearoa New Zealand. We start by positioning this paper in relevant literature, then detail the cultural underpinnings of the methodological approach we used. We then outline the research and offer some practical considerations in, i) recruiting young women within one’s community, ii) using methods such as wānanga (meetings), digital diaries and kai (food), and iii) weaving care and reciprocity. In so doing, we highlight the importance of using locally specific feminist methodologies throughout research with, by and for young Indigenous and culturally diverse young women.