Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the systematic position of the mouse-like hamster Calomyscus bailwardi Thomas, 1905 (Cricetidae, Rodentia) from the Near East and Middle Asia

L'auteur a etudie trois populations de Calomyscus bailwardi Thomas, provenant de Syrie, Turkmenie et Afghanistan. Les caracteristiques du corps et du crâne de 10 specimens de chaque provenance ont ete comparees : ceci a permis de mettre en evidence des differences importantes entre ces populations et de reconnaitre une nouvelle sous-espece de Syrie C. b. freshvi.
Weed Control and Economic Comparisons of Glyphosate-Resistant, Sulfonylurea-Tolerant, and Conventional Soybean (Glycine max) Systems1

Abstract: A field study was conducted over 2 yr to compare efficacy and economics of glyphosate-resistant, sulfonylurea-tolerant, and conventional soybean (Glycine max) weed control programs. Herbicide programs in the three soybean systems provided at least 90% control of browntop millet (Brachiaria ramosa), prickly sida (Sida spinosa), yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus), pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), and hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) in most cases and postemergence (POST)-only programs were as effective as preemergence (PRE) followed by POST programs. Control of hyssop spurge (Euphorbia hyssopifolia) ranged from 93 to 100% in glyphosate-resistant soybean and from 88 to 100% in conventional soybean, but control was 60 to 100% in sulfonylurea-tolerant soybean. Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) control was at least 91% in glyphosate-resistant and sulfonylurea-tolerant soybean but was 81% for the standard SAN 582 plus imazaquin PRE and acifluorfen plus bentazon early POST treatment in conventional soybean. In glyphosate-resistant soybean, glyphosate applied sequentially resulted in an average yield of 3,020 kg/ha with a net return of $407/ha. In sulfonylurea-tolerant soybean, chlorimuron applied sequentially yielded 2,500 kg/ha with a net return of $271/ha. Conventional soybean yield with the standard herbicide program was 2,770 kg/ha with a net return of $317/ha. Yields for the cultivars were equivalent when the same standard herbicide program was used. When weed control is satisfactory and herbicide costs relatively comparable, yield potential of the cultivar and seed cost, including any technology fee, would be key factors in selecting a weed management system. Nomenclature: Acifluorfen, 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid; bentazon, 3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide; chlorimuron, 2-[[[[(4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acid; glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine; imazaquin, 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imadazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid; SAN 582 (proposed common name, dimethenamid), 2-chloro-N-(2,4-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide; browntop millet, Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf #3 PANRA; hemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A.W. Hill # SEBEX; hyssop spurge, Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. # EPHHS; pitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. # IPOLA; prickly sida, Sida spinosa L. # SIDSP; sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby # CASOB; yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. # CYPES; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘DP 5806 RR,’ ‘DP 3571 S,’ ‘DP 3588. ’ Additional index words: CASOB, CYPES, EPHHS, IPOLA, PANRA, SEBEX, SIDSP. Abbreviations: EPOST, early postemergence; fb, followed by; LPOST, late postemergence; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence; WAP, weeks after planting.
Flower drop and fruit set in field beans, Vicia faba L.

SUMMARY The percentage of the total buds produced that dropped before reaching the mature pod stage was estimated as 86·7% in Baladi, a local strain of field beans, and 93·7% in Giza 1, a variety introduced from Egypt. The drop was appreciable both before and after fertilization. There were indications that both inadequate insect pollination and inter-ovary competition contributed to the reduction of pod yield. Self pollen was detected on the stigma in the bud stage 2–3 days before the flower was open. Estimates of natural cross-fertilization ranged from 35·8 to 42·1%, indicating that self-pollination did not lead to complete self fertilization. Hand manipulation of the flowers increased pod set in most of the cases but the line 1W did not respond to this treatment and proved to be highly autofertile.
The Phylogeny of the Alstroemeriaceae, Based on Morphology, rps16 Intron, and rbcL Sequence Data

Abstract Separate and combined analyses of morphology, rps16, and rbcL data were conducted on a total of 27 Alstroemeriaceae species including 23 Alstroemeria, three Bomarea, and Leontochir. We wished to examine the monophyly of Alstroemeria and Bomarea as well as explore the phylogenetic position of Leontochir and two controversial monotypic genera segregated from Alstroemeria: Schickendantzia and Taltalia. Monophyly of the Chilean and Brazilian Alstroemeria species were explored. The results support monophyly of the family. Alstroemeria and Bomarea are both monophyletic with the former genus being more strongly supported. Bomarea and the monotypic genus Leontochir form a clade distinguished from Alstroemeria by a set of morphological characters. Bomarea could not be defined by morphological characters without including Leontochir. Resolution within Alstroemeria is only weakly supported and formal subdivisions should not be made until the Brazilian members are revised and/or more appropriate phylogenetic markers at the species level have been found. Alstroemeria graminea or A. pygmaea never appear in a position that makes their segregation from Alstroemeria possible (as Taltalia and Schickendantzia, respectively), without making Alstroemeria paraphyletic. The resolution best supported in this study divides Alstroemeria into subclades roughly corresponding to geography: a clade from northern Chile, a clade from central Chile, and a clade containing the Brazilian species. Most of the trans-andean species could not be unambigously placed by this study. Communicating Editor: James F. Smith
On the GRAS status of seaweeds. I. Observations on the association between antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts and meta1 levels present in selected seaweeds.

The relationship between antibacterial activity and levels of 24 metals in 19 selected southern African seaweeds was examined. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of these seaweeds was assessed by agar diffusion against selected Gram positive and Gram negative test bacteria. Metal levels associated with seaweeds were determined using X-ray fluorescence Q(RF) analysis. Extracts of the Phaeophyta exhibited the highest level of antibacterial activity, followed by the Rhodophyta and then the Chlorophyta, in decreasing order. Metal levels, however, were highest in the examples studied from the Rhodophyta and then the Phaeophyta and Chlorophyta, in decreasing order. There was no relationship between the observed antibacterial activity of the crude extracts tested and the levels of metals occurring in their tissues, Thus the antimicrobial activity of extracts from the seaweeds tested should also be generally recognised as safe (GRAS).
Coastal Wetlands of Three Canadian Great Lakes: Inventory, Current Conservation Initiatives, and Patterns of Variation

The decline of wetlands, including those in the Great Lakes coastal zone, prompted the Government of Ontario to initiate steps towards a wetland management policy in 1981. Wetland inventory and evaluation in southern Ontario began in 1983. To date, 1982 wetlands have been evaluated totalling 390 000 ha. These include 160 coastal wetlands, 64 of these on Lake Ontario and the remainder on the other Great Lakes and connecting channels. Current wetland conservation initiatives are outlined including the Wetlands Planning Policy Statement and Conservation Lands Act. Although the values of Ontario's coastal wetland areas are increasingly being recognized, there has been no comprehensive study to show patterns in coastal wetland ecology. Aided by analysis of variance, ordination, and cluster analysis, we show patterns of variation in wetland and site types, soils, dissolved solids, vegetation complexity, and rare flora and fauna which differ between wetlands along Lakes Ontario, Huron, Erie, St. Clair, and conne.
IN VITRO PLANT REGENERATION FORM SHOOT TIP EXPLANTS OF HIBISCUS SYRIACUS (L.)

The effect of Tributyltin chloride on freshwater bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis was assessed. The freshwater bivalves were exposed to 3.5, 2.5, 1.8 and 1.0 ppm experimental concentration (50% lethal concentration) of Tributyltin chloride up to 96 hours. After 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure the lipid level were estimated in gonad, gill and digestive gland. The results showed a decrease in lipid in both the tissues with an increase in concentrations and time of exposure to the Tributyltin chloride. KEY WORDS Hibiscus syriacus (L.) 2,4-D, IAA, KN NAA and callus Received on :
Age, growth and maturity of brown stripe snapper Lutjanus vitta (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) from southwest coast of India

Growth, mortality, length-weight relationship, maturity and spawning of Lutjanus vitta were studied based on samples collected from 30 and 80 m depths along the southwest coast of India during October 1999 - December 2009. The von Bertalanffy growth equation was derived as L t = 32.5 (1-e-0.66 (t - 0.014)) during the year 2000; changes in these parameters during 2003-04 and 2007-08 are discussed in this paper. The lengthat-age was 12.3±1.36 cm, 18.9± 1.67 cm, 24.72± 1.58 cm, 28.9±0.98 cm and 31.5±0.94 cm in the I, II, III, IV and V year respectively. The annual natural, fishing and total mortality rates were 1.33, 0.85 and 2.18 respectively. The exploitation ratio (E) was 0.39, which indicates that this species is not under heavy fishing pressure. Recruitment was peak in March. Length-weight relationship was estimated for males and females, and later for the pooled data as W= 0.00000139 L 2.983. The relative condition factor (Kn) does not vary significantly among the size groups but the seasonal condition factor (K s) is comparatively lower in the smaller size group. Higher gonado-somatic index (GSI) was seen during August - December. The length-at-first maturity was 15.8 cm for female and 14.5 cm for male. During October and November, the one-year age group (12.5cm ( ) and 14 cm ( )) appeared in the spawning grounds and extended the spawning activity by performing batch fecundity. The relative fecundity ranged between 2,22,016 ± 28,543 and 5,21,482 ± 67,044 eggs/fish.
Reproductive biology of pink dentex Dentex gibbosus (Rafinesque) from the Adriatic Sea, Croatia

A 4-year study (May 1997–December 2000) of the reproductive biology of pink dentex Dentex gibbosus (Rafinesque) from the Adriatic Sea revealed that this species is a rudimentary hermaphrodite. The smallest mature males and females captured were 38.70 cm in total length (TL) and 39.80 cm in total length (TL) respectively. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated for the entire population were: L∞=107.24, K=0.12 and t0=−0.90. Fifty per cent of the population were sexually mature at 41.50 cm TL, while 100% of the specimens were sexually mature at 57.00 cm TL. Both monthly gonadosomatic index and macroscopically determined gonad stages strongly indicate that the pink dentex from the Adriatic Sea spawn partially in August, September and October. The mean value of absolute fecundity (F) was 1672 × 106 eggs. The results of great fertility of the pink dentex, partial spawning and relatively late sexual maturation suggest that the pink dentex has a high potential for commercial culture.
Mean or green: which values can promote stable pro‐environmental behavior?

In most cases, pro‐environmental behavior does not maximize individual interests, but mainly benefits other people or the environment. We propose that although acting on the basis of egoistic considerations may result in pro‐environmental behavior, altruistic and biospheric considerations provide the most stable basis for pro‐environmental behavior. We present two strategies to promote stable pro‐environmental behavior. The first way is increasing the saliency of altruistic and biospheric values in specific situations, thereby reducing the relative strength of egoistic values. The second way is making the often “anti‐environmental” egoistic values compatible with “pro‐environmental” altruistic and biospheric values. We explain these options and translate it to possible interventions, policy implications, and follow‐up research to promote “green” behavior.
Insecticidal activity of the essential oil of Lonicera japonica flower buds and its main constituent compounds against two grain storage insects

The aim of this research was to determine acute toxicity of the essential oil of Lonicera japonica Thunb. (Caprifoliaceae) flower buds against the booklouse (Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel) and the maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky). Essential oil of L. japonica flower buds was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 25 components of the essential oil were identified. The principal compounds in the essential oil were estragole (80.17%) and linalool (6.05%). The essential oil exhibited strong contact toxicity against S. zeamais and L. bostrychophila with LD50 values of 21.54 µg/adult and 64.04 µg/cm2, respectively. The constituent compounds, estragole (LD50 = 49.95 µg/cm2) and linalool (LD50 = 172.54 µg/cm2) also possessed contact toxicity against L. bostrychophila. L. japonica essential oil and its constituent compounds (estragole and linalool) exhibited fumigant toxicity against S. zeamaiswith LC50 values of 13.36, 14.10 and 10.46 mg/L, respectively. The essential oil of L. japonica(LC50 = 0.20 mg/L) and its constituent compounds, estragole (LC50 = 0.16 mg/L) and linalool (LC50 = 0.41 mg/L) possessed fumigant toxicity against L. bostrychophila. The results indicated that the essential oil of L. japonica and its constituent compounds showed potential in terms of contact and fumigant toxicity against grain storage insects. Key words: Lonicera japonica, Liposcelis bostrychophila, Sitophilus zeamais, contact toxicity, fumigant, essential oil composition, estragole, linalool.
NESTING EFFORT OF NORTHERN PINTAILS IN ALBERTA

Abstract We studied nesting effort and success of Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) in southern Alberta. Annual nesting success estimates ranged from 6–18%. Clutch size averaged 7.2, and declined in a simple curvilinear fashion with nest initiation date. We found no relationship between egg size and clutch size or evidence from one year to the next of a trade-off between current and future investment in eggs. Within-year renesting rate ranged from 55%, based on a sample of 20 decoy-trapped females that lost their first nests to predators, to 85% based on a sample of 13 nest-trapped females forced to renest when we removed their clutches. Greater investment in initial clutches led to longer delays in laying replacement clutches. Because delays in renesting are costly (late-nesting females produce fewer offspring), females must contend with a trade-off between maximizing reproductive output in initial clutches versus the risk of delayed renesting if the first clutch should fail. We suggest that pintail reproductive traits have evolved primarily in response to short nesting seasons and variable environments.
REVISION OF THE PROBLEMATIC EARLY PALEOCENE GENUS OXYCLAENUS (MAMMALIA: OXYCLAENIDAE) AND A NEW SPECIES OF CARCINODON

Abstract A long-standing taxonomic error is corrected by recognizing that the previously enigmatic early Paleocene (Torrejonian) mammal Microclaenodon assurgens (Cope, 1884) from western North America is a subjective junior synonym of Oxyclaenus cuspidatus (Cope, 1884). Carcinodon simplex (Cope, 1884) (= C. filholianus) is suggested as a new combination. Specimens previously incorrectly referred to O. cuspidatus are tentatively referred to the genus Carcinodon as a new species, “C. ” olearyi. A phylogenetic analysis that reconstructed the relationships of Oxyclaenus, “Carcinodon,” selected “triisodontids,” selected basal ungulates, and basal mesonychians incorporates 30 taxa and 66 dental characters and results in up to 210 MPTs, each 180 steps long, with a C.I. of 0.51 and a H.I. of 0.49. O. cuspidatus is resolved as the sister species of Andrewsarchus mongoliensis. The Andrewsarchus + Oxyclaenus clade is the sister lineage of Mesonychia. Outside of this grouping, “triisodontids” form a polytomy, which is followed by a clade composed of “C. ” olearyi n. sp. and “C. ” antiquus.
Description of Leptoomus janzeni , n. gen. and n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Baltic amber, and discussion of its relationships and classification relative to Eupelmidae, Tanaostigmatidae and Encyrtidae

Leptoomus janzeni, n. gen. and n. sp. , is described from 5 females and 2 males in 7 pieces of Baltic amber. An enlarged acropleuron forming the entire mesopleuron places the taxon within Eupelmidae, Tanaostigmatidae or Encyrtidae (Chalcidoidea), but it has a unique combination of features that differentiates it from extant members of these families. Its structural features are compared with those that characterize the three families and it is postulated to be the sister group of Tanaostigmatidae sensu stricto + (Cynipencyrtus + Encyrtidae) based on relative structure of its pronotum, prepectus and mesothoracic spiracle, and retention of two other putative symplesiomorphies, the presence of complete furrowlike notauli and a protibial apical spicule. Conflicting character states indicate other possible relationships, including a sistergroup relationship with Cynipencyrtus + Encyrtidae based on transverse-triangular axillae and a flagellum having only seven funicular segments, or with Tanaostigmatidae s. s. based on presence of an externally visible prepectal pouch, or possibly forming a monophyletic group with Tanaostigmatidae s. s. + Cynipencyrtus based on combined acropleuralmetacoxal structure. Several features support the monophyly of Tanaostigmatidae s. s. , that is excluding Cynipencyrtus and Leptoomus, but these two genera are both classified in Tanaostigmatidae sensu lato until relationships are resolved more conclusively. Features possessed by different members of Neanastatinae (Eupelmidae) suggest that this subfamily may be closely related to Tanaostigmatidae s. l. + Encyrtidae, but possible relationships of Tanaostigmatidae s. s. are also discussed if its enlarged acropleuron and other skeletomusculature features associated with jumping are convergent to similar features in the other taxa.
Fatty acid desaturation in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol of Brassica napus leaves during low temperature acclimation

Brassica napus plants grown at 5°C have the potential to desaturate fatty acids in the major membrane diacylglycerols of leaves at rates much higher than those of plants grown at 30°C. This low temperature-induced desaturation (LTD) is rapidly deactivated if plants grown at 5°C are transferred to 30°C for several hours. By exposure to 14 CO 2 and a computer simulation program, we estimated the rate of desaturation of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol by ω9-, ω6- and ω3-desaturases of plants grown at 5, 10, 20 and 30°C. Data show that LTD can be induced in mature leaves of plants grown at 20 and 30°C after transfer to 5°C. Full activation of LTD takes several weeks and occurs more rapidly in plants grown at 20°C than 30°C. This activation is largely due to the increased activity of ω9- and ω6-desaturases on C16 6 fatty acids and ω6-desaturase on C18 fatty acids.
Chromosomal Rearrangements Occurred Repeatedly and Independently during Species Diversification in Malagasy Geckos, Genus Paroedura

We conducted a phylogenetic study through karyological data, by standard staining and Ag-NOR banding, and molecular analysis (by 12S and 16S mitochondrial rRNA genes and nuclear gene C-mos) on 11 species of Malagasy geckos, genus Paroedura, and two relatives (Ebenavia inunguis and Uroplatus phantasticus). Ebenavia inunguis and 17. phantasticus had 2n = 36 telocentric elements, NORs on the first chromosome pair in E. inunguis, and on the third chromosome pair in U. phantasticus. All examined Paroedura showed NORs on the smallest chromosome pair; moreover, six of the eleven examined species show a 2n = 36 karyotype, with a pair of metacentrics and 17 telocentric pair. The remaining species exhibited karyotypes with a diploid chromosome number ranging from 2n = 31 to 2n = 38. We assume that these karyotype assemblages derived from the 2n = 36 karyotype by cryptic and/or simple rearrangements, such as inversions, fissions and fusions. Furthermore, molecular and/or chromosomal data indicate that Paroedura is a monophyletic genus, in which chromosome rearrangements occurred repeatedly and independently during the specific diversification. Moreover both P. bastardi and P. gracilis in current definitions are paraphyletic assemblages of several related species, since their population proves more closely related to P. ibityensis or P. oviceps than co-specific populations. Key words: chromosome, Gekkonidae, Madagascar, Paroedura, molecular phylogeny.
The use of anhydrous CeCl3 as a recyclable and selective catalyst for the acetalization of aldehydes and ketones

An efficient, clean, chemoselective and solvent-free method for the synthesis of ketone and aldehyde dimethyl acetals was developed using trimethyl orthoformate and commercially available anhydrous CeCl3 as a recyclable catalyst. The method is general and affords the protected carbonyl compounds in good yields and under mild conditions, including aryl and alkyl ketones and activated aldehydes. The catalyst could be utilised directly for 3 cycles, without significant loss of activity.
Diet composition of largemouth black bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède), in southern Portuguese reservoirs: its relation to habitat characteristics

During the summer of 1990 the diet of Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede) was studied in four southern Portuguese reservoirs. The dominant food items were insects (especially Odonata and Ephemeroptera naiads, and Odonata and Hemiptera adults), the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard), and pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus (L.). There was an increase in the consumption of L. gibbosus as bass changed from 100–200 mm total length to over 200 mm, and a corresponding decline in the insect and crayfish components. Carp, Cyprinus carpio L. , and other benthic cyprinids were absent from the stomach contents. The association between the different prey consumed and the habitat characteristics are discussed in relation to the feeding ecology of largemouth bass, an exotic species in Portugal.
Study on response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes for root and yield characters under water stress.

Root characters and yield are important in breeding of varieties for drought tolerance. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to study root characters and yield parameters under stress and non stress regime in twenty nine genotypes of sunflower during rabi, 2009-10 at College of Agriculture, ANGRAU, Hyderabad. Moisture stress treatment was imposed at flower bud initiation stage (irrigation withheld for 20 days from 40 DAS to 60 DAS) where as, control plots were irrigated at 10 days intervals throughout the crop growth period. The results indicated repressing effect of drought on root traits and yield and yield related parameters. Whereas, number of primary root has no impact due to drought but it is purely genotypic character. Results revealed that GP-812-5 followed by DSF-111 and DK-3849 possess promising root traits. Whereas, genotypes SH-491, DSF-111 and RSF-107 maintained higher seed yield under water stress and same genotype RSF-107 also maintained higher harvest index value under stress condition with moderate DSI value (0.43). These lines can be used as potential parental lines in drought tolerance breeding programme.