Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grapevine canopy response to a high‐temperature event during deficit irrigation

Background and Aims: Despite much anecdotal evidence, there has been little scientific investigation of the potential effects of a high-temperature event on grapevines during deficit irrigation. This study examined the interaction between temperature and water status on leaf physiology. Methods and Results: Two experiments used Cabernet Sauvignon cuttings grown in a glasshouse at approximately 27–30°C before deficit irrigation treatments were imposed. When water stress was apparent, a 2-day high-temperature event with maximum daytime temperatures of approximately 40–45°C was generated. Leaf damage, stomatal conductance and water potential of deficit-irrigated vines were all affected to a greater extent than in the well-watered vines. Conclusions: The negative effects of a high-temperature event on vine physiology were more severe in vines experiencing water stress than in well-watered vines, but recovery was rapid even without re-watering. Significance of the Study: An increase in the use of deficit irrigation will lead to a greater likelihood of vines being water stressed on hot days, and the observed responses indicate that this will result in greater damage to the vine.
Estabilidade dos agregados e sua relação com o teor de carbono orgânico num latossolo roxo distrófico, em função de sistemas de plantio, rotações de culturas e métodos de preparo das amostras

Aggregate size and the state of soil aggregation may be influenced by different soil management and cultural practices which lead to changes in soil organic matter content and biological activity. The objective of this study was to verify the relationship between organic carbon and the size and stability of soil aggregates in two planting systems (conventional and direct), three crop rotations (corn/wheat/corn, soybean/wheat/corn and soybean/wheat/soybean), under two soil sample preparation processes: use of 4 and 8 mm sieves before the wet sieving process. The study was carried out in a Typic Haplorthox in 1990, using soil samples from an experiment which had extended over a 14 year period, located at IAPAR's experiment station in Londrina, Parana, Brazil. Soil samples were collected on April 5, 1990 at two depths: 0-10 and 10-20 cm. The aggregation indices determined were: the mean weight diameter (MWD), the geometric mean diameter (GMD) and the aggregate stability index (AS%). The results showed that the no-tillage system improved the state of soil aggregation due to an increase in organic carbon, especially at the depth 0-10 cm where the MWD and GMD had significantly higher values. Soil aggregation had a tendency to increase when crop rotation included a species with higher C/N ratio (corn). The increase in organic carbon resulted in higher AS% since aggregate class < 0.25 mm decreased and the other classes increased. The methods for soil sample preparation showed differences in aggregation: the 8 mm sieve method increased the sensibility to detect differences in the state of aggregation as a function of soil management.
Investigation of chemical components and pharmaceutical potential of Carpobrotus species

Objectives: To investigate the chemistry and pharmaceutical potential of three Carpobrotus species found in Tasmania, C. edulis, C. rossii and C. aequilaterus. Methods: The plant juice and methanolic extracts of plants were analysed for chemical constituents by LC-MS, GC-MS, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ELSD, flame photometry, elemental analysis, acid titration and gravimetric analysis. Based on folklore use, a gel formulation containing plant juice of C. rossii was used in both a placebo controlled double-blinded clinical trial to investigate its potential as a common hand wart treatment, and in a histamine skin prick model to investigate topical anti-inflammatory activity. The antioxidant activity of the plant juice of the three species was also measured by the DPPH, FRAP and β-carotene assays, and the contribution of ascorbic acid was investigated. The antioxidant activity was isolated in a single fraction using Sephadex LH-20 gel and the fraction was analysed by LC-MS. Results: Both plant juice and methanolic extract contained flavonoids, tannins and carbohydrates. The plant juice contained, in addition, inorganic salts, titratable acids and volatile constituents that were primarily grassy aldehydes. Novel flavonoids whose structures have yet to be elucidated were present in the C. rossii. The anti-wart trial was conducted over an 8 week period and recruited a total of 50 subjects of whom 41 subjects (19 cases, 22 controls) completed the study. The histamine skin prick model was used in 12 subjects. Both the anti-wart trial and the histamine skin prick model failed to show any significant effects of C. rossii extract. The plant juices from C. edulis, C. rossii and C. aequilaterus were all found to have very strong antioxidant activity with typical levels equivalent to around 13 mg/ml of rutin, 2.5 mg/ml of gallic acid or 9 mg/ml of ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid levels could account for about 10% of antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity guided fractionation by gel filtration column chromatography and analysis of this fraction by LC-MS showed the presence of condensed tannins as major chemical constituents, which appeared to account for the majority of the antioxidant activity. LC-MS analysis of C. rossii showed the presence of flavonoids that contained a substituent consistent with the rarely encountered 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid moiety. Conclusion: C. rossii extract gel is not effective in the treatment of common warts and does not possess topical anti-inflammatory action against histamine. There is significant antioxidant activity present in Carpobrotus species. Further investigation of the antioxidant compounds and their potential therapeutic applications are warranted. Further screening for other biological activities, particularly of the novel flavonoids, is also recommended.
Antigen Binding Specificity of Antibodies Patterned by Microcontact Printing

The ability to pattern functional biomolecules onto surfaces at the micrometer scale is critical to a large number of important biological methods. Since devices such as microarrays and biosensors, or surfaces for generation of complex cellular networks, require such “bioselective” surfaces, it is important to verify the functionality of the patterned biomolecules. Patterning of antibodies onto substrates by microcontact printing or soft lithography has been previously demonstrated, but the ability of these antibodies to selectively bind antigens has not been fully explored. This work re-examines the transfer of antibodies from elastomer stamps onto glass coverslips and documents the antigen-binding capabilities of these antibodies. Various microcontact print (MCP) applied antibodies are tested for selectivity in binding fluorescence-conjugated antigens or antigens detected with fluorescently labeled molecules, which are quantified by wide-field fluorescent microscopy. The fluorescence intensity of bound .
Efficiency droop behavior improvement through barrier thickness modification for GaN-on-silicon light-emitting diodes

Abstract. Crack-free GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown on 150-mm-diameter Si substrates by using low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The relationship between the LED devices and the thickness of quantum barriers (QBs) was investigated. The crystal quality and surface cracking of GaN-on-Si were greatly improved by an AlxGa1−xN buffer layer composed of graded Al. The threading dislocation density of the GaN-on-Si LEDs was reduced to <7×108 cm−2, yielding LEDs with high internal quantum efficiency. Simulation results indicated that reducing the QB thickness improved the carrier injection rate and distribution, thereby improving the droop behavior of the LEDs. LEDs featuring 6-nm-thick QBs exhibited the lowest droop behavior. However, the experimental results showed an unanticipated phenomenon, namely that the peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) and light output power (LOP) gradually decreased with a decreasing QB thickness. In other words, the GaN-on-Si LEDs with 8-nm-thick QBs exhibited low droop behavior and yielded a good peak EQE and LOP, achieving a 22.9% efficiency droop and 54.6% EQE.
A Theory of Antiferromagnetism, II

based on Heisenberg model is developed by a method which is much more directly the analogue of the original B~the method than Weiss-Li's. By the present method, the calculations can be carried out over all temperatures. Especially, the situation at lower temperatures which is obscure in Weiss·U's papers is made dear. Thus we can see that an anti·Curie point which Anderson has proposed, does not occur, if we calculate the density matrix of a duster exactly without the perturbation method. By considering only a small cluster, being characteristic of the Bethe approxi· mation, the long wavelength spin waves, which are important at lower temperatures, are excluded, so that the magnetization of the sublattice is completely saturated at OOK in just the same way as in the Ising model. It is shown that, in the Bethe approximation, Curie point of antiferromagnet is higher than that of ferromagnet, for the same magnitude of I J I·.
Solution-processed small molecule transistors with low operating voltages and high grain-boundary anisotropy

We present a new soluble pentacene derivative with ethyl substitutions in the 1,13,14,22 backbone positions to modulate the solubility and film forming properties of this material compared to triisopropylsilylethynyl (TIPS) pentacene. This permits reproducible production of molecularly highly ordered structures that feature average transistor mobilities in excess of 1 cm2 V−1 s−1 depending on crystal orientation by careful selection of casting conditions.
Assessing the accuracy of the “two‐point” dilution technique

The dilution technique is the most commonly used method to measure microzooplankton grazing rates in the ocean. A simplified version of the dilution technique termed the “two‐point” dilution technique, has been increasingly used to reduce workload and to increase spatiotemporal coverage. Several variants of the “two‐point” dilution technique have been used in the literature. The objective of this study is to assess which one is the best. Three versions of “two‐point” dilution experiments with different number of replicates were simulated from a dataset of full dilution series experiments, with the rate estimates from the full dilution series experiments being treated as “true” values. We find that the approach of setting up a highly diluted bottle (the fraction of undiluted seawater ≤ 20%) and treating the net growth rate of phytoplankton of this bottle as the instantaneous growth rate yields the best result, for both experiments with linear and nonlinear behavior. With this approach, significant overestimates or underestimates occurred in only one‐fourth of the experiments even if no replicates were set up. Setting up duplicates or more for each dilution level can give more reliable results, very close to those from full dilution series experiments.
A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of a Tall-Form Spray Dryer

Two phase simulations have been performed of a tall-form Delaval skim milk spray dryer in order to evaluate the applicability of current computational fluid dynamics models to this type of simulation, and to examine the characteristics of the flows that exist within these complex devices. The simulations have been performed with and without milk particles included, for a variety of droplet nozzle injection velocities, and for two dryer inlet throat geometries. Limited validation of the results has been achieved by comparing the simulated product moisture contents against data measured in experiments1. It was found that the simulated product moisture contents were of the same magnitude, but generally slightly lower than those found during experiments. It was also found that the behaviour of the dryer is largely determined by the relationship between the initial momentum of the injected particles and the gas fiowfield within the dryer.
The Synergistic Effect in Solvent Extraction. The Effect of the Chelating Ligands on the Stability Constant of Lutetium β-Diketonate Adducts with TOPO

The steric effect and the inductive effect of the functional groups of β-diketones on the adduct formation between lutetium chelates and TOPO in benzene was studied by using various β-diketones with aliphatic groups (acetylacetone, dipropionylmethane, pivaroylacetone, diisobutyryl-methane and dipivaroylmethane), aromatic groups (benzoylacetone, naphthoylacetone and dibenzoylmethane) and fluoromethyl groups (trifluoroacetylacetone, furoyltrifluoroacetone, thenovltrifluoroacetone, benzoyltrifluoroacetone and hexafluoroacetylacetone). The effect of the temperature on the adduct formation was then estimated. These results may be summarized as follows: (1) The stability of the adduct increases, and the larger synergism appears, as aliphatic groups, aromatic groups, and fluoromethyl groups are successively substituted for the functional groups of β-diketones. This effect may be due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the fluoromethyl group and the conjugation effect (with a metal chelate ring) of the phenyl g.
Green light emission from selectively grown InGaN multiple quantum well stripes oriented along [11-20] direction

InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with green light emission have been grown on GaN stripes oriented along the [11-20] direction by selective metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Several different window widths were designed in the SiO2 mask. Completed pyramidal InGaN stripes with flat and smooth {1-101} sidewall were produced on 2-μm windows while trapezoidal stripes with both {1-101} sidewall and (0001) top surface were obtained on the 5-μm windows. The former has uniform CL emissions at 500 nm on the {1-101} sidewall and at 550 nm on the narrow ridge. The latter exhibits similar CL emissions at 500 nm on the sidewall and at 570 nm on the top surface. These wavelength shifts relative to the CL spectrum peak (450 nm) from the reference region are attributed to thickness enhancement and indium enrichment in selective MOVPE. The short-wavelength shoulder near 500 nm in the spectrum from the ridge of the completed pyramidal strip is attributed to overlapping excitation of the sidewall by the SEM incident beam.
EPOXY COMPOSITE BASED ON KENAF FIBERS FOR TRIBOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS UNDER WET CONTACT CONDITIONS

In the current work, kenaf fibers reinforced epoxy (KFRE) composite was developed. Adhesive wear and frictional characteristics of KFRE were investigated under wet contact conditions at different fiber orientations, considering different applied loads (50–200 N) and sliding distances (0–30 km). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the damages on the worn surfaces. The results revealed that fiber orientation plays a main role in determining the wear and frictional performance of the composites. Kenaf fibers, in normal orientation (N-O), enhanced the wear performance of the composite by about 35%–57%. It appears that the damages on the surface of the composite (N-O) were less than the other orientations (P-O and AP-O). Compared to previous work, KFRE has good potential of replacing glass fibers in tribological applications.
Food insecurity and its related socioeconomic and nutritional factors: evidence from a sample of population in the northwest of Iran

Food insecurity defined as limited access to enough food in a socially acceptable way, is associated with physical, social and psychological problems. In the present study we assess food insecurity status and related socioeconomic and nutritional factors in a sample of urban population in Tabriz, Iran. This cross-sectional study on 300 households (99 men and 201 women) was conducted among subjects in Qumtepe region in Tabriz. General and socioeconomic factors have been obtained from participants. Food security status and dietary intake were assessed by a 6-item short questionnaire and a 32-item food frequency questionnaire respectively. SPSS 11.5 was used for statistical analysis. The prevalence of food insecurity in the current study was 36%. Mean family size in food insecure group was significantly higher and body mass index (BMI) was significantly lower compared with food secure group. Subjects in food insecure group consumed lower amounts of dairy products (P<0.05). In the multinomial logistic regress.
Experimental study of nucleation in binary mixtures: The methanol–water and n‐propanol–water systems

The upward diffusion cloud chamber was used to study the homogeneous nucleation of the MeOH–H2O and n‐PrOH–H2O mixtures over a wide range of water activities (i.e., relative humidities). The results are compared with the predictions of theory. Good agreement between the experimental results and the classical theory of homogeneous nucleation was found for alcohol rich mixtures. However, at high water concentrations, the experiments require much more alcohol than theoretically predicted. This is the same conclusion as was obtained previously for the EtOH–H2O mixture. It is shown that this disagreement can be explained by the fact that, for the alcohol–water systems, the use of macroscopic surface tension is not relevant to binary nucleation experiments.
South African consumers’ interpretation of nutritional labelling systems of food products

Nutritional labelling systems are used for effectively communicating food’s nutritional value to consumers. This study investigated the effectiveness of three existing and two proposed nutritional labelling systems in communicating the nutritional value of foods. The extent to which South African consumers make use of nutritional labelling systems to influence their food choices was also interrogated. Findings indicate that nutritional labelling systems are considered important by most participants and are used when making food choices. Nonetheless, some participants confirmed challenges with interpreting nutritional labelling systems. The observed preference for the Nestlé Know Your Serving (NKYS), Teaspoon Nutritional Illustration (TNI), Nutritional Information Table (NIT) and Guideline Daily Allowance (GDA) systems was 76%, 69%, 68%, and 67%, respectively. The lowest preference was for the Traffic Light Labelling (TLL) system (52%). Based on the percentage preference for these nutritional labelling systems, it was found that participants fall into two groups. The first group is participants with preferences for numerical data as presented by the NIT and GDA, while the second group prefers graphical data as presented by the NKYS, TNI and TLL systems. Findings from this study suggest that the use of nutritional labelling systems representing both numerical and graphical data could improve South African consumers’ understanding of the nutritional information found on food labels.
C21 Steroidal Glycosides from Prunella vulgaris

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT A new C21 steroidal glycoside, qinyangshengenin-3-O-β-D-digitoxopyranoside (1), together with a known steroidal glycoside, qinyangshengenin-3-O-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D- cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-digitoxopyranoside (2), was isolated from the medicinal plant Prunella vulgaris Linn. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HR-MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments, and chemical evidence.
Abundance of important parasitoids in the vegetable ecosystem and their prospects in integrated pest management

Intensive surveys were conducted during 2009-18 at Varanasi and its adjoining districts of Uttar Pradesh for recording the major insect pests and their associated hymenopteran parasitoids in the major groups of vegetables viz., solanaceous, cruciferous, cucurbitaceous, malvaceous and leguminous. A critical study revealed that all of these recorded parasitoids (Trathala flavo orbitalis, Pediobius foveolatus, Pristomerus euzopherae, Apanteles oblique, Meteorus sp., Campoletes chloridae, Neochrysocharis formosa, Aenasius arizonensis, Chelonus blackburni, Agathis spp., Cotesia plutellae, Microplitis tuberculifer, Diaeretiella rapae, Apanteles paludicole, Cotesia glomerata, Dinarmus basalis), Brachymeria lasus and Pristomerus euzopherae showed greatest affinity (70.59%) towards lepidopteran pests (Leucinodes orbonalis, Euzophera perticella, Spilosoma obliqua, Helicoverpa armigera, Earias vittella, E. insulana, Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera litura, Sphenarches caffer, Diaphania indica), followed by coleopteran (Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, Epilachna dodecastigma, Callosobruchus chinensis, C. analis, C. maculatus) and hemipteran hosts (Phenacoccus solenopsis, Myzus persicae, Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi) (11.77% each). However, only one parasitoid (5.88%) viz., Neochrysocharis formosa had a dipteran host i.e., Liriomyza trifolii. Considering the month wise distribution and abundance of these parasitoids, the highest diversity of parasitoids (53.33%) in terms of species occurred during the months of February, March and September, coinciding with the spring and autumn seasons in northern India followed by August (46.67%). However, only one parasitoid i.e., P. euzopherae was recorded in the month of May. The host range, seasonal incidences, level of parasitization and the probable role of the recorded parasitoids in biointensive integrated pest management (BIPM) systems are discussed briefly.
The Motion of Barotropic Disturbances in the Upper Troposphere

Oscillations of a barotropic model of the upper troposphere are studied, taking into account the existence of a zone of intense westerly circulation found in this region of the atmosphere. The fundamental frequencies of these oscillations are determined and some comments are made with regard to their dispersive properties. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1949. tb01266.x
Reactive sites at the surface of crocidolite asbestos

The reactive sites at the surface of crocidolite (amphibole asbestos) which may play a role in the toxicity of the fibrous mineral have been investigated by measuring the adsorption of nitric oxide (infrared spectroscopy and adsorption calorimetry) and the release of free radicals in aqueous suspensions. The fibers have been thermally modifiedprogressively heated in vacuo up to 800 °C, calcined in air at 400 °C, and kept under hydrothermal conditions at 200 °Cin order to mimic modifications likely to occur upon weathering. While the crystal structure, as revealed by XRD, was stable up to 600 °C, IR spectroscopy indicated that from 400 to 600 °C OH groups are eliminated and changes in the lattice vibrations occur. Calcination at 400 °C, which oxidizes part of Fe2+ to Fe3+, as evidenced by diffuse reflectance UV−vis spectroscopy, eliminates OH groups and modifies lattice vibrations. The hydrothermal treatment causes oxidation of Fe2+ only to a limited extent. Upon contact with deuterated water, irreversibly.
Removal of Anions, Heavy Metals, Organics and Dyes from Water by Adsorption onto a New Activated Carbon from Jatropha Husk, an Agro-Industrial Solid Waste

Abstract Jatropha curcas is a multipurpose non-edible oil yielding perennial shrub and it is a drought tolerant plant. Its seeds are used to produce bio-diesel. Jatropha husk, an agricultural solid waste, generated from bio-diesel industries, was used as a starting material to produce activated carbon. Using jatropha husk activated carbon (JHC), the feasibility of removal of toxic anions, dyes, heavy metals and organic compounds from water was investigated. Sorption of inorganic anions such as nitrate, selenite, chromate, vanadate and phosphate and heavy metal such as nickel(II) has been studied. Removal of organics such as bisphenol, 2-chlorophenol also have been investigated. Adsorption of acid dyes such as acid brilliant blue, acid violet, basic dyes such as methylene blue, direct dyes such as direct red-12B, congo red, reactive dye like procion red were investigated to assess the possible use of the adsorbent. Results show that jatropha husk activated carbon can be used as an adsorbent for the removal of toxic pollutants from water.