Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explicit cognate instruction facilitates vocabulary learning by foreign language learners with developmental language disorder

This article is one of the first attempts to study the mechanisms of foreign language learning by children with DLD. We test the effectiveness of a cognate intervention aiming to enhance cross-linguistic awareness of Dutch-speaking primary-school pupils with DLD, as part of their English as a Foreign Language (EFL) curriculum. The participants were learning English as a school subject in the last three years of special primary education in the Netherlands (ages 8;11–13;8). The intervention group (n = 41) received 12 short lessons on cognate relationships over the course of 14 weeks. The control group (n = 46), matched to the intervention group on the amount and intensity of foreign language instruction, received their regular English lessons that were mainly implicit and skill-based. The study used a pre-test–post-test design and compared the development of English word recognition in the two groups, at the same time controlling for the amount of prior EFL instruction and out-of-school exposure to English. The performance at pre-test was already high, particularly on cognates. Word recognition in the control group did not improve over the course of the 14 weeks. The performance of the intervention group showed significant improvement from pre-test to post-test. After the intervention, they recognized not only more of the words practised in the lessons but also more nontreated cognates, which demonstrates that the intervention participants developed a cognate strategy that allowed them to recognize more English words based on similarity to Dutch. We conclude that explicit cognate instruction implemented in a regular classroom setting facilitates the development of EFL vocabulary in special primary education.
Factores y relevancia geogrfica del proceso de innovacin regional en Mxico, 1994-2006

The aim of this work is to analyze some factors that affect the Mexican process of regional innovation during 1994-2006. Through the use of regression methodologies for count data we find a positive and significant effect of the foreign investment and the educative level on the innovative activity of the Mexican states. Also we find that the innovation process is highly dependent on the geographic location and the patents by multinational firms, which suggests in Mexico a process of technology learning is being formed rather than an innovation process, mainly among states geographically belonging to the center of
PROMOTION OF FINANCIAL LITERACY THROUGH FINANCIAL EDUCATION PARTNERSHIP FOR FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN KENYA: CASE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS

The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of financial education partnership on financial inclusion of commercial banks. The study was guided by resource-based theory to hypothesize the relationship between financial education partnership and financial inclusion. The study design adopted was descriptive and a sample of 384 was derived using stratified simple random sampling from a population of 10,717 management staff from all the branches of commercial banks in Kenya. The study collected and analyzed primary data. The data was gathered using semi-structured questionnaires. The study employed both descriptive and inferential statistics for data analysis. Correlation and regression were applied to determine the relationship between financial education partnership and financial inclusion. The findings established that financial education partnership positively and significantly predicted financial inclusion. This implied that as financial education partnership increases then financial inclusion will be increased. The study concluded that the use of financial education partnership as financial literacy delivery channel increased financial inclusion. Commercial banks in Kenya sparring used financial education partnership. The majority used a partnership with the government to
Territorial revisions to increase cohesion policy funding from the EU: the case of the new member states

ABSTRACT This paper argues that some EU member states have been smart, or even dishonest. Splitting off capital cities from existing NUTS2 regions has given them an advantage in the Cohesion Policy funds allocation scheme but worsened the position of others. To explain the reasons and implications, we review the issue of delimiting the NUTS2 regions and the related allocation of financial resources. We evaluate how modifications of NUTS2 regions, carried out by Hungary, Poland, and Lithuania, impacted the allocation of financial resources for the 2021–2027 programming period. The analysis shows the shift of billions of euros towards these countries. We also argue that this experience is and could also be an inspiration for other countries.
Analysis of Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Student Concentration Based on Emotion Evolution

: Detecting the concentration of students in the classroom can help teachers quickly understand the participation and activity of students. However, the concentration of students has complex spatiotemporal distribution and evolution laws, which is challenging to identify and quantify. This paper proposes a novel student concentration evaluation method based on emotional evolution and virus transmission, which analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of concentration. The research contents are as follows: (1) A visual emotion classification method based on deep learning algorithm is developed to identify and quantify the emotion changes of each student. (2) On the basis of quantification results of emotion, the concentration index model with introducing the theory of virus transmission is established and further used to explore the spread of student concentration in spatiotemporal dimensions. (3) The Wilcoxon rank sum test (RST) is used to verify the difference of the results calculated by concentration index model in different semesters, and the reliability of the model can be reflected by the Pearson correlation coefficient between the centroid of the spatiotemporal distribution of concentration and final exam results. The experiments of 64 offline courses have been carried out in a same class for two semesters, and the results show that the concentration of student in the spatial dimension can be affected by negative and positive emotions from different regions, while in the temporal dimension, the high concentration level will decrease with increase of course time, and the generation speed of this phenomenon will be further exacerbated after coupling the spatial factors.
Dynamiques de synchronisation de lasers bifréquence à état solide et DFB soumis à une réinjection décalée en fréquence : applications en photonique micro-onde

The control of the frequency difference between two lasers is a cross-cutting challenge in many fields of photonics, either for the generation of high-purity heterodyne microwave beatnotes, or in metrology and telecommunication experiments. The advances of the comprehension of laser dynamics under various couplings has allowed to develop stabilization methods based on optical injection. We study here theoretically and experimentally a mechanism called frequency-shifted feedback (FSF), which allows to precisely control the frequency difference between two lasers in several situations.First, the FSF method is applied to a dual-frequency dual-polarization solid-state Nd:YAG laser, in order to lock the phases of its two orthogonal polarization modes. A model of rate equations is used to precisely describe the experiment, and allows to highlight partial "bounded phase" synchronization regimes. Furthermore, we show that in some cases this synchronization can subsist even with chaotic oscillations of the intensity and phase. The behavior of the laser under FSF is studied for varying values of the frequency detuning, injection rate, possible injection delay, and mode coupling in the active medium. Finally, we find that the inclusion of a phase-amplitude coupling (non-zero linewidth enhancement factor) is needed in the model to account for experimental observation. This leads to the development of an ad-hoc technique to measure the low value of this usually neglected factor in solid-laser lasers.The FSF stabilization mechanism is then applied to a custom semiconductor component embedding two DFB lasers overs InP. In spite of a more complex coupling scheme and the large effective delays into play, phase locking of the two lasers is possible. Due to the delay, locking bands appear when the detuning changes, and this behavior can be replicated using a numerical model. This model also permit to determine working conditions minimizing the influence of uncontrolled experimental optical feedback phases. Finally, as this system allows to control a microwave phase over an optical carrier, it can be integrated in a resonant loop not unlike an opto-electronic oscillator (OEO). We realized an oscillator generating a self-referenced, single sideband microwave signal over an optical carrier, with encouraging phase noise performances. In this case, it seems that most of the techniques that exist for standard OEO can be reused.
Educational Gender Gaps and Economic Growth : A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis 1

We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical literature on the impact of gender inequality in education on per capita economic growth, including cross-country, time series, and sub-national growth regressions. Studies using male and female education as separate covariates show a larger effect of female than male education on growth, except when an arguably problematic regression specification popularized by Barro and co-authors is used. We conduct a meta-regression analysis for studies that use the female-male ratio of education as explanatory variable. There we find evidence for a positive and statistically significant relationship between gender equality in education and growth based on 216 estimates from 17 such studies. We find that the average partial correlation coefficient between economic growth and the ratio of female over male education is 0.25, which is a moderate effect. The effect does not appear to be influenced by publication bias, it increases when one controls for initial education levels and social/institutional controls, while it falls with the use of fixed effects, the inclusion of economic controls, and the share of female
Diophantine approximation of the orbits in topological dynamical systems

We would like to present a general principle for the shrinking target problem in a topological dynamical system. More precisely, let \begin{document}$ (X, d) $\end{document} be a compact metric space and \begin{document}$ T:X\to X $\end{document} a continuous transformation on \begin{document}$ X $\end{document} . For any integer valued sequence \begin{document}$ \{a_n\} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ y\in X $\end{document} , define \begin{document}$ E_y(\{a_n\}) = \bigcap\limits_{\delta>0}\Big\{x\in X: T^nx\in B_{a_n}(y, \delta), \ {\text{for infinitely often}}\ n\in \mathbb N\Big\}, $\end{document} the set of points whose orbit can well approximate a given point infinitely often, where \begin{document}$ B_n(x, r) $\end{document} denotes the Bowen-ball. It is shown that \begin{document}$ h_{\text {top}}(E_y(\{a_n\}), T) = \frac{1}{1+a}h_{\text {top}}(X, T), \ \ {\text{with}}\ a = \liminf\limits_{n\to\infty}\frac{a_n}{n}, $\end{document} if the system \begin{document}$ (X, T) $\end{document} has the specification property. Here \begin{document}$ h_{\text {top}} $\end{document} denotes the topological entropy. An example is also given to indicate that the specification property required in the above result cannot be weakened even to almost specification.
Interparticle interaction potential in two-component plasmas

The purpose of this work is to find a pseudopotential of interparticle interaction of charged particles which takes into account quantum and collective effects for an ideal and weakly non-ideal plasma in the framework of linear dielectric response formalism. In the quantum contribution to the potential the symmetry effects are neglected. Fourier transformations are employed in our studies of the potential. The results demonstrate that th e constructed potential is finite at the origin and tends to the Coulomb one when the interparticle distance tends to infinity. In other words, it satisfies established theoretical requirements. The potential we obtain is also compared to the well-known Debye-Hückel and Deutsch potentials. The potential we obtain is also compared to the well-known Debye-Hückel and Deutsch potentials.
How Do Public Service Professionals Behave in Risky Situations? The Importance of Organisational Culture

Many situations in public service delivery are characterised by uncertainty about the potential negative consequences following decisions. These risky situations make the behaviour of frontline professionals particularly important. But what shapes the risk perception and subsequent behaviour of frontline professionals in risky situations? This article explores the idea that organisational culture provides part of the answer. To examine this, a comprehensive qualitative study with participant observations and interviews at five public hospital wards was conducted. The findings demonstrate the importance of organisational culture on risk perception and behaviour in risky situations. Basic cultural assumptions related to professional discussion, administering medicine, grading of adverse events, and prioritising follow-up activities matter to behaviour in risky situations. In organisational cultures with high levels of trust and dialogue about decision-making, the health professionals rely on each other and ask for second opinions, when making decisions in risky situations. Conversely, in organisational cultures with little trust and professional discussion, the health professionals are less likely to ask for second opinions and follow up on risky situations, which increases the possibility of unintended, negative consequences. In this way, organisational culture can be a driver of risk-reducing and risk-seeking behaviour among frontline professionals.
: The SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant is associated with increased clinical severity of COVID-19 in Scotland: a genomics-based retrospective cohort analysis

Objectives The SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant was associated with increased transmission relative to other variants present at the time of its emergence and several studies have shown an association between Alpha variant infection and increased hospitalisation and 28-day mortality. However, none have addressed the impact on maximum severity of illness in the general population classified by the level of respiratory support required, or death. We aimed to do this. Methods In this retrospective multi-centre clinical cohort sub-study of the COG-UK consortium, 1475 samples from Scottish hospitalised and community cases collected between 1 st November 2020 and 30 th January 2021 were sequenced. We matched sequence data to clinical outcomes as the variant became dominant in Scotland and modelled the association between Alpha variant infection and severe disease using a 4-point scale of maximum severity by 28 days: 1. no respiratory support, 2. supplemental oxygen, 3. ventilation and 4. death.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SHALLOW LAKES AND SEAS: FURTHER RESULTS

The motion of a fluid subject to Navier–Stokes equations with Coriolis force, to a traction condition at the surface and to a friction condition at the bottom is investigated. An asymptotic model is derived as the aspect ratio δ = depth/width of the domain goes to 0. The 3D limit velocity is given in terms of wind, bathymetry, depth and of a 2D potential. Numerical simulation is carried out on North Pacific.
Development and validation of a full physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for sublingual buprenorphine that accounts for nonlinear bioavailability

Sublingual buprenorphine is used in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). The aim of this study was to develop a full physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model that can adequately describe dose-and formulation-dependent bioavailability of buprenorphine. Simcyp (v21.0) was used for model construction. Linear regression modeling was explored to describe sublingual absorption of buprenorphine across dose. Published clinical trial data not used in model development were used for validation. The PBPK model’s predictive performance was deemed adequate if the geometric means of ratios between predicted and observed (P/O ratios) area under the curve (AUC), apparent clearance (CL/F), peak concentration (C max ), and time to reach C max (T max ) fell within the 1.25-fold prediction error range. Sublingual buprenorphine absorption was best described by a regression model with logarithmically transformed dose. By integrating this nonlinear absorption proﬁle, the PBPK model adequately predicted buprenorphine pharmacokinetics (PK) following administration of sublingual tablets and solution across a dose range of 2–32 mg, with geometric mean (95% conﬁdence interval) P/O ratios for AUC, CL/F, C max , and T max equaling 0.99 (0.86–1.12), 1.04 (0.92–1.18), 1.24 (1.09–1.40), and 1.07 (0.95–1.20), respectively. In conclusion, a fully validated PBPK model was developed that adequately predicts dose-and formulation-dependent buprenorphine PK following sublingual administration. The model forms the foundation on which a fetomaternal PBPK model for buprenorphine can be built. Fetomaternal PBPK modeling will allow conceptualization of prenatal buprenorphine exposure and investigation of its inﬂuence on postnatal NOWS severity.
Impact of digitalization of international trade on the economic development of countries

Considering the structure, scope, and subject composition, the critical analysis of the impact of digitalization of international trade on the economic development of countries is represented. This is due to the technological infrastructural asymmetry of global trade that has arisen due to the presence of a digital divide between developed countries (86.6% of the population have Internet access) and LDCs (19.1% of the population) because these countries do not have access to the Internet and do not have the opportunity to be fully involved in e-commerce and cross-border trade in digital products. An additional barrier to developing digital commerce, particularly in the African and Asia-Pacific regions, is the need for more legislation on various trade aspects of e-commerce, consumer protection (for 40% of LDCs), and data privacy (for 43% of LDCs). The influence of the war in Ukraine on the e-commerce market is determined. It is outlined that the studied demand has decreased by 12 times in 2022 compared to the pre-war period. The e-commerce market began to recover in 2023 gradually. The market is expected to reach an almost complete renewal in Ukraine by the end of 2023. The main task will be to expand the scope of existing free trade agreements (FTAs) to services, e-commerce, and investment for Ukraine. Corresponding trends will be observed in the world's global economy, too. Given the availability of an updated regulatory framework on these issues, Ukraine should become a significant player in a few international markets for services and trade in digital products. It is assumed that e-commerce will grow after the end of the war in Ukraine. Keywords: global trading system, World Trade Organization (WTO), trading system asymmetries, regional trade agreements, liberalization of international trade, institutionalization of international trade, digitalization of trade, international trade in services, e-commerce.
Through the Lens of EFL Teachers: Teaching Online on Lockdown

There has been a growing interest in online EFL teaching studies after the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the majority of the studies have centered around students’ perspectives. The studies examining the issue from EFL teachers’ perspectives, on the other hand, are relatively scarce. Therefore, this study qualitatively investigated EFL teachers’ perceptions and experience in this critical process to bridge the gap in the literature. For the study, the data were collected through written semi-structured interviews with 25 EFL teachers in Turkey. Five themes with several categories emerged based on the thematic analysis of the data with MAXQDA 2020 package program. The teachers commonly focused on the challenges of emergency online teaching and suggested potential solutions. The primary stemmed from the poor communication between teachers and students due to low engagement levels and technology-related issues. The teachers also struggled to find proper online EFL teaching materials since they had no or little experience in online education and did not know how find teaching resources. They suggested providing EFL teachers with workshop opportunities to learn how to tackle technology-related problems and improve their online material developing skills. This study may extend the relevant literature by providing a deeper insight into EFL teachers’ practices and recommendations for practitioners of online teaching
Study of some risk factors and C - reactive protein levels among patients with cardiovascular diseases

Objective : To study the effect of some risk factors like age, smoking and Diabetes mellitus (DM) among patients withcertain cardiovascular diseases (Angina pectoris and Myocardial infarction), in addition to the assessment of the Creactiveprotein (CRP) in the sera of those patients.Methodology: The study was carried out on (100) subjects who were hospitalized in the Iraqi Center of heart Diseasesin Baghdad city and were suffering from Myocardial InfarcƟon (MI) (16) and Angina Pectoris (AP) (79) or from both (5)over a period from September 2009 to June 2010. The results of paƟents were compared with those of (30) healthyand age-matched individuals as a control group. Data were obtained from patients who were already diagnosed byspecialists through the use of questionnaire forms including information about age, gender and smoking. Venousblood samples were collected from both the patients and control group to estimate the levels of blood glucose and Creactiveprotein.Results: StaƟsƟcal results showed that the majority of angina paƟents were males within the age group (51-60) yearswith significant differences between males and females. The study also demonstrated that the incidence of (MI) and(AP) was higher among non-smokers in comparison with smokers. The study indicated that the majority of patientswith (MI) and (AP) were diabetic. Finally, the study showed that the levels of C-reactive protein among (MI) and (AP)patients were higher than its level among the control group with a highly significant difference.Recommendations: A large size of sample is recommended to be studied to confirm the results of this study. Study ofother factors such as hypertension, body mass index and lipid profile may be of value.