Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positive solutions of nonhomogeneous fractional Laplacian problem with critical exponent

In this paper, we study the following problem \begin{eqnarray} (-\Delta)^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}u = K(x)|u|^{2_{\alpha}^{*}-2}u + f(x) \quad in \ \Omega,\\ u=0 \quad on \ \partial \Omega, \end{eqnarray} where $\Omega\subset R^N$ is a smooth bounded domain, $0< \alpha < 2$, $N>\alpha$, $ 2_{\alpha}^{*}= \frac{2N}{N-\alpha}$, $f\in H^{-\frac{\alpha}{2}}(\Omega)$ and $K(x)\in L^\infty(\Omega)$. Under appropriate assumptions on $K$ and $f$, we prove that this problem has at least two positive solutions. When $\alpha = 1$, we also establish a nonexistence result for a positive solution in a class of linear positive-type domains are more general than star-shaped ones.
THE TYPE IA SUPERNOVA 1986G IN NGC 5128 : OPTICAL PHOTOMETRY AND SPECTRA.

Optical light curves and spectra of the Type Ia supernova 1986G in NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) are presented. Although the spectral evolution closely resembled that of the more common "slower" photometric classes of Type Ia supernovae, subtle differences in the maximum-light spectra were detected. The expansion velocity of the photosphere of SN 1986G decreased rapidly at early phases. SN 1986G appears to have been heavily obscured by the dust lane of NGC 5128. This circumstances accounts for the strong interstellar-absorption lines of Ca II H and K and Na I D observed in the spectra as well as for features that the authors identify with the diffuse interstellar bands. SN 1986G provides graphic confirmation of the existence of intrinsic differences in the optical light curves and spectroscopic properties of Type Ia supernovae. Consequently, these objects must be used with considerable caution as cosmological standard candles. The authors derive a relative distance of DNGC 5128/DNGC 5055 = 0.39±0.04.
Cortical Parvalbumin-Positive Interneuron Development and Function Are Altered in the APC Conditional Knockout Mouse Model of Infantile and Epileptic Spasms Syndrome

Infantile and epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is a childhood epilepsy syndrome characterized by infantile or late-onset spasms, abnormal neonatal EEG, and epilepsy. Few treatments exist for IESS, clinical outcomes are poor, and the molecular and circuit-level etiologies of IESS are not well understood. Multiple human IESS risk genes are linked to Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a pathway that controls developmental transcriptional programs and promotes glutamatergic excitation via β-catenin’s role as a synaptic scaffold. We previously showed that deleting adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a component of the β-catenin destruction complex, in excitatory neurons (APC cKO mice, APCfl/fl x CaMKIIαCre) increased β-catenin levels in developing glutamatergic neurons and led to infantile behavioral spasms, abnormal neonatal EEG, and adult epilepsy. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the development of GABAergic interneurons (INs) is disrupted in APC cKO male and female mice. IN dysfunction is implicated in human IESS, is a feature of other rodent models of IESS, and may contribute to the manifestation of spasms and seizures. We found that parvalbumin-positive INs (PV+ INs), an important source of cortical inhibition, were decreased in number, underwent disproportionate developmental apoptosis, and had altered dendrite morphology at P9, the peak of behavioral spasms. PV+ INs received excessive excitatory input, and their intrinsic ability to fire action potentials was reduced at all time points examined (P9, P14, P60). Subsequently, GABAergic transmission onto pyramidal neurons was uniquely altered in the somatosensory cortex of APC cKO mice at all ages, with both decreased IPSC input at P14 and enhanced IPSC input at P9 and P60. These results indicate that inhibitory circuit dysfunction occurs in APC cKOs and, along with known changes in excitation, may contribute to IESS-related phenotypes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Infantile and epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is a devastating epilepsy with limited treatment options and poor clinical outcomes. The molecular, cellular, and circuit disruptions that cause infantile spasms and seizures are largely unknown, but inhibitory GABAergic interneuron dysfunction has been implicated in rodent models of IESS and may contribute to human IESS. Here, we use a rodent model of IESS, the APC cKO mouse, in which β-catenin signaling is increased in excitatory neurons. This results in altered parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneuron development and GABAergic synaptic dysfunction throughout life, showing that pathology arising in excitatory neurons can initiate long-term interneuron dysfunction. Our findings further implicate GABAergic dysfunction in IESS, even when pathology is initiated in other neuronal types.
Linear and nonlinear characterization of surfaces from a laser beam melt ablation process

We apply linear and nonlinear methods to study the properties of surfaces generated by a laser beam melt ablation process. As a result we present a characterization and ordering of the surfaces depending on the adjusted process parameters. Our findings give some insight into the performance of two widely applied multifractal analysis methods—the detrended fluctuation analysis and the wavelet transform modulus maxima method—on short real world data.
The effectiveness of a noninterruptive alert to increase prescription of take-home naloxone in emergency departments

Abstract Objective Opioid-related overdose (OD) deaths continue to increase. Take-home naloxone (THN), after treatment for an OD in an emergency department (ED), is a recommended but under-utilized practice. To promote THN prescription, we developed a noninterruptive decision support intervention that combined a detailed OD documentation template with a reminder to use the template that is automatically inserted into a provider’s note by decision rules. We studied the impact of the combined intervention on THN prescribing in a longitudinal observational study. Methods ED encounters involving an OD were reviewed before and after implementation of the reminder embedded in the physicians' note to use an advanced OD documentation template for changes in: (1) use of the template and (2) prescription of THN. Chi square tests and interrupted time series analyses were used to assess the impact. Usability and satisfaction were measured using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the Net Promoter Score. Results In 736 OD cases defined by International Classification of Disease version 10 diagnosis codes (247 prereminder and 489 postreminder), the documentation template was used in 0.0% and 21.3%, respectively (P < .0001). The sensitivity and specificity of the reminder for OD cases were 95.9% and 99.8%, respectively. Use of the documentation template led to twice the rate of prescribing of THN (25.7% vs 50.0%, P < .001). Of 19 providers responding to the survey, 74% of SUS responses were in the good-to-excellent range and 53% of providers were Net Promoters. Conclusions A noninterruptive decision support intervention was associated with higher THN prescribing in a pre-post study across a multiinstitution health system.
Ekman effects in a rotating flow over bottom topography

This paper presents a general two-dimensional model for rotating barotropic flows over topography. The model incorporates in a vorticity–stream function formulation both inviscid topography effects, associated with stretching and squeezing of fluid columns enforced by their motion over variable topography, and viscous effects, due to the Ekman boundary layer at the solid bottom. From the present formulation, conventional two-dimensional models can be recovered. The model is tested by means of laboratory experiments on homogeneous vortices encountering irregular topographies. The experimental observations are then compared with the corresponding numerical simulations based on the general model. The results suggest that such a formulation incorporates both inviscid and viscous topography effects correctly.
Partially Recursively Induced Structured Moderation (PRISM) for modeling racial differences in endometrial cancer survival

Purpose Health disparities are driven by a complex interplay of determinants operating across multiple levels of influence. However, while recognized conceptually, much disparities research fails to capture this inherent complexity in study focus and/or design; little of such work accounts for the interplay across the multiple levels of influence from structural (contextual) to biological or clinical. We developed a novel modeling framework that addresses these challenges and provides new insights. Methods We used data from the Florida Cancer Data System on endometrial cancer patients and geocoded-derived social determinants of health to demonstrate the applicability of a new modeling paradigm we term PRISM regression. PRISM is a new highly interpretable tree-based modeling framework that allows for automatic discovery of potentially non-linear hierarchical interactions between health determinants at multiple levels and differences in survival outcomes between groups of interest, including through a new specific area-level disparity estimate (SPADE) incorporating these multilevel influences. Results PRISM demonstrates that hierarchical influences on racial disparity in endometrial cancer survival appear to be statistically relevant and that these better predict survival differences than only using individual level determinants. The interpretability of the models allows more careful inspection of the nature of these hierarchical effects on disparity. Additionally, SPADE estimates show distinct geographical patterns across census tracts in Florida. Conclusion PRISM can provide a powerful new modeling framework with which to better understand racial disparities in cancer survival.
Characterization and Genome Analysis of Vibrio campbellii Lytic Bacteriophage OPA17

V. campbellii is an emerging luminous pathogen associated with vibriosis, especially in marine shrimp hatcheries. Several strategies, including pond management and use of natural antimicrobials and probiotics, have been studied for control of this organism. ABSTRACT Vibrio campbellii is a marine bacterium that is associated with luminous vibriosis, especially in the hatchery and nursery stages of penaeid shrimp cultivation worldwide, which has led to low survival rates of shrimp during aquaculture. Phage therapy has been reported as an alternative biocontrol agent which can reduce or replace the use of antibiotics and other chemicals. This study characterized a lytic V. campbellii bacteriophage, OPA17, originally isolated from bloody clams and investigated its biocontrol efficacy against V. campbellii infection in a model system, Artemia franciscana. Phage OPA17 lysed 83.89% of V. campbellii strains tested (n = 118) with clear plaque morphology. Some strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus were also infected by phage OPA17. Transmission electron microscopy and genetic features indicated that OPA17 belongs to the Siphoviridae family. The latent period and burst size of OPA17 were approximately 50 min and 123 PFU/cell, respectively. Moreover, it survived in artificial seawater throughout the 2-month study period and effectively destroyed Vibrio campbellii biofilms after 4 h of incubation. The addition of OPA17 significantly increased the survival of A. franciscana nauplii infected with V. campbellii. The genome sequence of OPA17 showed that it does not carry genes unsuitable for phage therapy. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that OPA17 was closely related to the V. vulnificus lytic phage SSP002 (98.90% similarity), which was previously reported as a potential biocontrol agent. Accordingly, the results of this study provide valuable information regarding the potential biocontrol application of phage OPA17 against V. campbellii. IMPORTANCE V. campbellii is an emerging luminous pathogen associated with vibriosis, especially in marine shrimp hatcheries. Several strategies, including pond management and use of natural antimicrobials and probiotics, have been studied for control of this organism. Phage therapy is considered one of the effective biocontrol strategies against bacterial infections in aquaculture. However, there has been limited study of V. campbellii bacteriophages. In this study, V. campbellii-specific bacteriophage OPA17 was isolated, characterized, and investigated for its biocontrol efficacy against V. campbellii infection in an Artemia nauplii model. Phage OPA17 belongs to the Siphoviridae family and shares significant genome similarity to phage SSP002, a potential biocontrol agent against V. vulnificus infection in a murine model. However, the host range of OPA17 was broader than that of SSP002. Overall, we discuss the potential of OPA17 for phage therapy application in shrimp hatcheries.
Treatment with lysophosphatidic acid prevents microglial activation and depression-like behaviours in a murine model of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.

Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is an incurable disease characterised by neuropsychiatric symptoms, particularly depression. Novel therapeutic options for NPSLE are urgently needed. Several previous reports have suggested that both microglial activation and impaired neurogenesis may be involved in the progression of depression. In contrast, the administration of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) ameliorates depression and anxiety. Therefore, in the present study, we determined whether treatment with LPA affects microglial activation, impaired neurogenesis, and abnormal behaviour in MRL/lpr mice. In both tail suspension test and forced swim test, the MRL/lpr mice exhibited a significant increase in total immobility time compared with MRL/+ mice. Treatment with LPA significantly suppressed the prolonged immobility time in MRL/lpr mice. In contrast, pretreatment with ki16425 (a specific antagonist of LPA receptor 1 and 3) significantly reversed the effects of LPA. Furthermore, MRL/lpr mice exhibited impairments in spatial working memory and visual cognitive memory, which were suppressed by LPA treatment. The expression levels of TMEM119, CD68, GFAP, and caspase-3 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of MRL/lpr mice were significantly higher than those in MRL/+ mice. Treatment with LPA inhibited these increases in MRL/lpr mice. Pretreatment with ki16425 reversed LPA-mediated inhibition of microglial activation. The quantity of sodium fluorescein that leaked into the brain tissues in MRL/lpr mice was significantly higher than that in MRL/+ mice. Treatment with LPA tended to decrease the sodium fluorescein leakage. These findings suggest that treatment with LPA may regulate microglial activation, which is important in the pathogenesis of NPSLE, as well as blood-brain-barrier weakening and abnormal behaviour.
Characteristics of magnetohydrodynamic waves in Harris‐type current sheet with guide magnetic field By

[1] An overview is presented of the characteristics of hydromagnetic waves propagating in Harris-type current sheet with magnetic field of Bx(z) and an embedded guide By component based on the ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. The wave equations are expressed in the (k∥, k⊥, z) coordinates, and singularities are identified for general cases of ky ≠ 0 and By ≠ 0, where k∥ and k⊥ are the components of the wave vector parallel and perpendicular to the local magnetic field, respectively, and the inhomogeneity is in the z direction. The presence of By may lead to the rotation of the magnetic field relative to the wave vector so that a singular layer with k⊥ = 0 surrounded by a neighboring region of k⊥ ≠ 0 may exist. This result is in contrast with the case of By = 0 for which Alfven or field-line resonance associated with the mathematical singularity tends to occur for k⊥ ≠ 0 and ω = k∥CA, where CA is the Alfven speed. The possibility for MHD waves with frequency of ω = k∥CA to propagate through the inhomogeneous layer with By ≠ 0 is analyzed, and numerical solutions for discrete eigenmodes with various free parameter values are presented.
Identifying unfamiliar voices: Examining the system variables of sample duration and parade size

Voice identification parades can be unreliable due to the error-prone nature of earwitness responses. UK government guidelines recommend that voice parades should have nine voices, each played for 60 s. This makes parades resource-consuming to construct. In this article, we conducted two experiments to see if voice parade procedures could be simplified. In Experiment 1 (N = 271, 135 female), we investigated if reducing the duration of the voice samples on a nine-voice parade would negatively affect identification performance using both conventional logistic and signal detection approaches. In Experiment 2 (N = 270, 136 female), we first explored if the same sample duration conditions used in Experiment 1 would lead to different outcomes if we reduced the parade size to include only six voices. Following this, we pooled the data from both experiments to investigate the influence of target-position effects. The results show that 15-s sample durations result in statistically equivalent voice identification performance to the longer 60-s sample durations, but that the 30-s sample duration suffers in terms of overall signal sensitivity. This pattern of results was replicated using both a nine- and a six-voice parade. Performance on target-absent parades were at chance levels in both parade sizes, and response criteria were mostly liberal. In addition, unwanted position effects were present. The results provide initial evidence that the sample duration used in a voice parade may be reduced, but we argue that the guidelines recommending a parade with nine voices should be maintained to provide additional protection for a potentially innocent suspect given the low target-absent accuracy.
Structure and supramolecular organization of the canine distemper virus attachment glycoprotein

Significance Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an enveloped RNA morbillivirus related to the human pathogen measles virus. CDV induces severe outbreaks in wild and endangered animals as well as in domestic dogs when vaccination programs are suboptimal. A key component of the morbilliviral cell entry machinery is the receptor-binding H-protein. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of the CDV H-protein ectodomain, which is characterized by three main domains (heads, neck, and stalk) folding in an asymmetric conformational state. Remarkably, the asymmetric structure enables concomitant protein interactions with the stalk and head domains, potentially corresponding to a pre-receptor-bound state. In summary, our structure not only sheds light on the morbilliviral cell entry system, but also lays the groundwork for developing novel antivirals.
Conversion from /sup 12/CO integrated intensity at 2. 6 millimeter wavelength to hydrogen column density

Although estimates of the column density of hydrogen nuclei N/sub H/ can only be inferred from /sup 12/CO measurements very indirectly, a fairly uniform ratio N/sub H//. integral. T(/sub A/ dv = 1.0 +- 0.5 x 10/sup 21/ cm/sup -2/ (K km s/sup -1/)/sup -1/ is seen to apply (or to have been applied) to essentially all 2.6 mm /sup 12/CO lines. The line of sight to zeta Oph (intercepting a diffuse cloud with A/sub V/ < or =1 mag) shows the same value as inferred toward OMC-1, toward ''giant molecular cloud complexes'' seen locally, and toward ''giant molecular clouds'' in the inner Galaxy; values at the lower end of the stated range are measured toward local dark clouds. Because of the variety of methods used to infer molecular gas quantitites from CO osbervations, disputes have arisen even between authors implicitly using the same N- . integral. T(/sub A/ dv conversion, but these are easily shown to be lacking in substance.
Damping of lower hybrid waves in large spectral gap configurations

Extensive experimental data support reliable power deposition and current drive by lower-hybrid (LH) waves in conditions where a large spectral gap exists between the nominal parallel index of refraction prescribed by the antenna characteristics and phasing, and that required for significant Landau damping to take place. We argue that only a significant modification of the initial spectrum at the plasma edge could explain experimental observations. Based on this assumption, a new prescription for reliable simulations of LH current drive using ray-tracing and Fokker-Planck modelling is proposed. A remarkable agreement between experimental observations in the Tore Supra tokamak and simulations is obtained for relevant parametric scans, including electron density and LH waveguide phasing. In an effort to investigate the possible role of fluctuations, it is shown that the spectral gap can be bridged dynamically in the presence of a fluctuating LH spectrum.
Environmental uncertainty and the advantage of impulsive choice strategies

Choice impulsivity is characterized by the choice of immediate, smaller reward options over future, larger reward options, and is often thought to be associated with negative life outcomes. However, some environments make future rewards more uncertain, and in these environments impulsive choices can be beneficial. Here we examined the conditions under which impulsive vs. non-impulsive decision strategies would be advantageous. We used Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) to model three common decision-making tasks: Temporal Discounting, Information Sampling, and an Explore-Exploit task. We manipulated environmental variables to create circumstances where future outcomes were relatively uncertain. We then manipulated the discount factor of an MDP agent, which affects the value of immediate versus future rewards, to model impulsive and non-impulsive behavior. This allowed us to examine the performance of impulsive and non-impulsive agents in more or less predictable environments. In Temporal Discounting, we manipulated the transition probability to delayed rewards and found that the agent with the lower discount factor (i.e. the impulsive agent) collected more average reward than the agent with a higher discount factor (the non-impulsive agent) by selecting immediate reward options when the probability of receiving the future reward was low. In the Information Sampling task, we manipulated the amount of information obtained with each sample. When sampling led to small information gains, the impulsive MDP agent collected more average reward than the non-impulsive agent. Third, in the Explore-Exploit task, we manipulated the substitution rate for novel options. When the substitution rate was high, the impulsive agent again performed better than the non-impulsive agent, as it explored the novel options less and instead exploited options with known reward values. The results of these analyses show that impulsivity can be advantageous in environments that are unexpectedly uncertain.
Theory of magnetized Rossby waves in the ionospheric E layer

[1] For the weakly ionized E layer plasma, a generalized Charney-Obukhov equation for magnetized Rossby waves is derived. This magnetized Rossby wave is produced by the dynamo electric field and represents the ionospheric generalization of tropospheric Rossby waves in a rotating atmosphere by the spatially inhomogeneous geomagnetic field. The basic characteristics of the wave are given. The modified Rossby velocity and Rossby-Obukhov radius are introduced. The mechanism of self-organization into solitary vortical nonlinear structures is examined. The mechanism of a self-organization of solitary structures is the result of the mutual compensation of wave dispersion and interaction through the scalar and Poisson bracket convective nonlinearities in the nonlinear wave equation. As a result, the solitary structures are anisotropic, containing a circular vortex superimposed on a dipole perturbation. The degree of anisotropy sharply increases when the vortex size approaches the so-called intermediate geostrophic size.