Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency of urinary tract infection in febrile children of one to five years of age

Introduction: Fever is the most common reason for children 1-5 years of age to visit Emergency / out patient departments. Little attention has been focused on the identification of urinary tract infections in febrile children, despite recent information that suggests a high prevalence of urinary tract infections and significant associated morbidity in these patients. This study is undertaken to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection in febrile children one year to five years of age and to evaluate various diagnostic methods for a case of Urinary tract infection. Method: Febrile children (rectal ≥38.3˚C or auxiliary temperature ≥37.8˚C) of 1 to 5 years of age were studied over a period of 12 months February 2015 to January 2016 at our tertiary care centre. History and relevant investigations were done. Result: The study included 200 children. The overall prevalence rate of urinary tract infection in the present study was 5.5% with prevalence in children 1-2 years of age 2%. 13.5% of cases showed significant pyuria. Among pyuric patients 40.74% were culture positive with a M:F of 1.2:6. USG done in significant pyuric cases revealed renal involvement /anomaly in 6 cases. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider obtaining a urine specimen as part of their diagnostic evaluation as urinary tract infection is a possibility in febrile children. Pyuria of ≥ 5 pus cells /HPF in centrifuged sample should be considered as significant pyuria and further evaluation should be done promptly to initiate treatment and to prevent morbidity and long term sequalae.
Success of First-Generation College Students in a Selective Doctor of Optometry Program.

What happens when former first-generation college (FGC) students successfully graduate from college and then aim for post-undergraduate education? The purpose of this dissertation is to compare differences between FGC students and non-FGC admissions profiles regarding end-of-first-year performance at UC Berkeley’s School of Optometry. The aims of this research project were to a) compare academic performance of FGC and non-FGC students based on GPAs from the end of their first professional school year, and b) examine the relationships among gender, ethnicity, participation in pre-optometry preparatory programs, undergraduate GPA, undergraduate institutional selectivity, Optometry Admissions Test (OAT) scores, and end-of-year GPAs within these two populations. In 2011, all current students at UC Berkeley’s School of Optometry were asked to participate in this research study; surveys from 233 students were collected. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant for all statistical tests. Comparison of Optometry Degree (OD) GPA as an overall academic performance of optometry academics showed no statistical difference between FGC and non-FGC students (p=0.37). Also, comparison of underrepresented status noted no significant difference between FGC and non-FGC students (p=0.20). Self-reported ethnicity (p=0.04), Carnegie Classification Tier (p=0.001) and attendance at Opto-Camp, a preparatory program offered prior to entering the OD program (p=0.04), were all significant and associated with a lower OD GPA. Finally, the correlation of Undergraduate GPA and Optometry Admissions Test (OAT) AA Score with OD GPA was examined; undergraduate GPA had a significant positive correlation (r=0.33) with OD GPA (p=.0001). OAT AA Score also had a significant positive correlation (r=0.38) with OD GPA (p=.0001). While this study is encouraging that FGC students performed just as well as non-FGC students, future study on Berkeley Optometry students must consider the program’s distinct demographics. There is a lack of scholarship pertaining to FGC students who have made it into post-undergraduate studies, often investigating deficiencies in their preparation and look for “traditional” measures of success. Future studies should include metrics that measure factors like resilience as a predictor of persistence, and characteristics like empathy, which is necessary for those who aspire to be in the health professions.
Assesment of changes in the sagittal pharyngeal airway dimensions post twin-block therapy using polar planimeter

Background and Aim: An inordinate percentage of orthodontic patients present with Class II mandibular deficient problems. Mandibular deficiency is one of the major risk factors for developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). If functional appliance therapy for mandibular development also increases the pharyngeal airway dimensions the risk for developing OSA in these patients will be minimized. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the changes in the sagittal pharyngeal airway dimensions (SPAD) after twin-block functional appliance therapy in adolescent patients with mandibular retrognathism, utilizing linear, and area measurements. Materials and Methods: A total of 14 patients with an age range of 12–14 years, both the genders having skeletal Class II malocclusion with a deficient mandible were selected and twin-block functional therapy was initiated. Lateral cephalograms were taken at the start of functional jaw orthopedic treatment (time point T1) and at its completion (time point T2) after 4–5 months. Specific areas and distances were measured and analyzed. Results: The area measures increased significantly while the linear measurements showed a non significant increase. The oropharynx (P = 0.008) area displayed the most significant increase followed by nasopharynx (P = 0.014) and laryngopharynx (P = 0.028). Conclusion: Functional appliance therapy utilizing twin-block appliance in Class II malocclusion patients with retrognathic mandible was efficient in increasing the SPAD.
Effect of Chemotherapy on the Nutritional Status of Egyptian Patients with Breast Cancer

Background: Chemotherapy and chemotherapy-related symptoms may greatly affect the nutritional status of the patient and reduces the quality of life. Aim of the study: Assessment of the effect of chemotherapy on the nutritional status of breast cancer patients. Methods: In this prospective observational study, we assessed the nutritional status of 60 breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy by anthropometric measurements including body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), triceps skin fold (TSF), and mid arm muscle circumference (MAMC). Symptoms related to chemotherapy wereassessed with a yes/no questionnaire. Results: Forty three patients (71%) experienced weight loss during the course of treatment. Compared to baseline assessment before starting chemotherapy, there was a significant reduction in the average of all parameters at the end of chemotherapy. Body weight decreased from 78.97 (±9.6) kg to 73.65 (±14.1) kg, BMI from 30.15 (±3.2) kg/m2 to 28.01 (±4.8) kg/m2, TSF from 4.23 (±0.5) cm to 3.97 (±0.68) cm and MAMC from 36.31 (4.02) cm to 34.61 (±5.04) cm (p 1 week (p < 0.001). Similarly, BMI reduction was significantly associated with loss of appetite and its duration (p < 0.001). Conclusion: During chemotherapy, breast cancer patients are prone to lose weight particularly, those patients who experience taste alteration and appetite-loss for longer duration
Differential virulence of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense isolates does not influence the outcome of treatment with anti-trypanosomal drugs in the mouse model

We assessed the virulence and anti-trypanosomal drug sensitivity patterns of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr) isolates in the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization-Biotechnology Research Institute (KALRO-BioRI) cryobank. Specifically, the study focused on Tbr clones originally isolated from the western Kenya/eastern Uganda focus of human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT). Twelve (12) Tbr clones were assessed for virulence using groups(n=10) of Swiss White Mice monitored for 60 days post infection (dpi). Based on survival time, four classes of virulence were identified: (a) very-acute: 0-15, (b) acute: 16-30, (c) sub-acute: 31-45 and (d) chronic: 46-60 dpi. Other virulence biomarkers identified included: prepatent period (pp), parasitaemia progression, packed cell volume (PCV) and body weight changes. The test Tbr clones together with KALRO-BioRi reference drug-resistant and drug sensitive isolates were then tested for sensitivity to melarsoprol (mel B) pentamidine, diminazene aceturate and suramin, using mice groups (n= 5) treated with single doses of each drug at 24 hours post infection. Our results showed that the clones were distributed among four classes of virulence as follows: 3/12 (very-acute), 3/12 (acute), 2/12 (sub-acute) and 4/12 (chronic) isolates. Differences in survivorship, parasitaemia progression and PCV were significant (P<0.001) and correlated. The isolate considered to be drug resistant at KALRO-BioRI, KETRI 2538, was confirmed to be resistant to melarsoprol, pentamidine and diminazene aceturate but it was not resistant to suramin. At least 80% cure rates of all the test isolates was achieved with melarsoprol (1mg/Kg and 20 mg/kg), pentamidine (5 and 20 mg/kg), diminazene aceturate (5 mg/kg) and suramin (5 mg/kg) indicating that the isolates were not resistant to any of the drugs despite the differences in virulence. This study provides evidence of variations in virulence of Tbr isolates from a single HAT focus and confirms that these variations are not a significant determinant of isolate sensitivity to anti-trypanosomal drugs.
Mechanism of Recurrence of AT: Comparison between First Vs. Redo Procedures in a High-resolution Mapping System.

Background - Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation related atrial tachycardia (AFA-rAT) is complex, and may demonstrate several forms: anatomical macroreenrant AT (AMAT), Non-AMAT, and focal AT. We aimed to elucidate the recurrence rate and mechanisms of AFA-rAT recurrence. Methods - Among 147 patients with ATs treated with the Rhythmia™-system, 68 (46.3%) had recurrence at mean 4.2[2.9-11.6] months and 44 patients received a redo procedure. AT circuits in the first procedure were compared to those in the redo procedure. Results - Although mappable ATs were not observed in 7 patients, 68 ATs were observed in 37 patients during the first procedure: peri-mitral flutter (PMF) in 26 patients, roof-dependent macroreentrant-AT (RMAT) in 18, peri-tricuspid flutter (PTF) in 10, Non-AMAT in 14, and focal AT in 3. During the redo AT ablation procedure, 54 ATs were observed in 41 patients: PMF in 24, RMAT in 14, PTF in 1, Non-AMAT in 14, and focal AT in 1. Recurrence of PMF and RMAT was observed in 15/26 (57.7%) and 8/18 (44.4%) respectively, while PTF did not recur. Neither the same focal AT nor the same Non-AMAT were observed except in one case with septal scar related biatrial-AT. Epicardial structure-related ATs were involved in 18/24 (75.0%) in PMF, 4/14 (28.6%) in RMAT, and 4/14 (28.6%) in Non-AMAT. Out of 21 patients with a circuit including epicardial structures, 6 patients treated with ethanol-infusion in the vein of Marshall (VOM) did not show any AT-recurrence, though 8/15 (53.3%) treated with RF showed AT-recurrence (P=0.04). Conclusions - Although high-resolution mapping may lead to correct diagnosis and appropriate ablation in the first procedure, the recurrence rate is still high. The main mechanism of AFA-rAT is the recurrence of PMF and RMAT, or Non-AMAT different from the first procedure. Epicardial structures (e.g. coronary sinus/VOM system) are often involved, and ethanol-infusion in the VOM may be an additional treatment.
Perspectives of carers of people with intellectual disability accessing general practice: “I’d travel to the ends of the earth for the right person”⁣

ABSTRACT Background: Informal carers often play an integral role in the lives of people with intellectual disability (ID) residing in the community. In this study, we explored the extent to which carers of people with ID believe that the health care needs of the person they care for are being accommodated by general practice. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 informal carers to people with ID living in Australia. Results: Carers of people with ID report that they experience considerable barriers to accessing general practice care on behalf of the people they care for. Conclusions: Given the ever-increasing number of people with ID now living in the community and their vulnerability to health problems, it is imperative that future research focuses on the development of strategies to overcome the barriers identified in this study.
Roads and Barriers towards Social Investments: Comparing Labour Market and Family Policy Reforms in Europe and East Asia

ABSTRACT Across the OECD world, social investment policies are on the rise, which Hemerijck describes as a ‘quiet paradigm revolution’. Whilst Nordic countries are typically considered the pioneers in social investment policies, we observe that latecomer countries of not only Europe but also East Asia have made considerable efforts to catch-up with Northern European frontrunners. The rise of social investment policies, especially the expansion of family policy presents an important dimension of the recent transformation of advanced welfare capitalism, which despite the prominence of retrenchment cannot be reduced to welfare state regress. However, we observe great cross-national variation in the speed and scope of family policy expansion. Unlike family policy, labour market policy did not experience a similar social investment turn, but is instead rather characterised by retrenchment with declining efforts to improve the employability of the unemployed and labour market outsiders. In this article, we examine the ‘uneven’ social investment turn in advanced welfare capitalism and argue that family and labour market policies, and their very different outcomes, are underpinned by very different political dynamics, rather than by ‘a politics of social investment’. Not only comparing family and labour market policy but also comparing across countries within each policy domain, we analyse the roads and barriers towards greater social investments.
A Clinical Trial With Adoptive Transfer of Ex Vivo-induced, Donor-specific Immune-regulatory Cells in Kidney Transplantation—A Second Report

Background. Although the outcome of kidney transplantation (KTx) has improved, various adverse effects of immunosuppressants and chronic rejection aggravate the long-term prognosis of patients. Therefore, the induction of immune tolerance may be an effective therapeutic strategy. Methods. A clinical trial aiming at immune tolerance induction was conducted in kidney transplant recipients from HLA mismatched living donors by infusing autologous donor-specific regulatory T cells (Treg). To obtain Treg, recipient’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cocultured with irradiated donor cells in the presence of anti-CD80/CD86 monoclonal antibody for 2 weeks. For preconditioning, splenectomy + cyclophosphamide (CP) was employed in the first series (group A; n = 9). In group B, splenectomy was substituted by preadministration of rituximab (group B; n = 3). In the latest cases, rituximab + rabbit antithymocyte globulin was administered instead of cyclophosphamide (group C; n = 4). Twelve days after KTx, the cultured cells were intravenously infused, and immunosuppressants were gradually tapered thereafter. Results. Although mixed lymphocyte reaction was remarkably suppressed in a donor-specific fashion, 6 out of 9 patients from group A, 1 out of 3 from group B, and 1 out of 4 from group C developed acute rejection within 1 year after KTx. Complete cessation of immunosuppression was not achieved, and a small dose of immunosuppressants was continued. Conclusions. The adoptive transfer of autologous ex vivo-expanded Treg is 1 of the options to possibly induce alloimmune hyporesponsiveness. However, in the present study, further regimen optimization is still required and should be the focus of future investigations.
Does the shareholder salience influence the corporate social responsibility of entities from energy sector?

Abstract The stakeholder salience framework has become, over the past two decades, a tool often used to identify, asses and prioritize stakeholders and has demonstrated considerable theoretical and managerial implications. The objective of this paper is to determine to what extent stakeholder salience influences how different stakeholder categories are represented in the sustainability reports of entities from energy sector. In this respect, an interpretative content-based analysis of the social and environmental information disclosed by entities is used. The sample encompasses six energy entities that are comprised of Dow Jones Sustainability Europe Index (DJSI) constituent’s list on September 19, 2016. The results highlight that stakeholders who hold power have a high score of salience, being followed by those who possess legitimacy and then by those who possess urgency. The obtained results suggest the need to continue to focus on the normative theory of the stakeholders. The results also highlight that there is a link between the stakeholder salience, on the one hand, and the number and type of attributes held by each category of stakeholders, on the other hand. Stakeholders who hold power have a high score of salience, being followed by those who possess legitimacy and by those who possess urgency.
Dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in patients with lichen planus: A case-control study

Objectives 1) To study the lipid levels in patients with lichen planus and controls, to find the association of lichen planus with dyslipidemia and to find the association of lichen planus with metabolic syndrome. Methods This was a case-control study involving a total of 100 patients, consecutively visiting the Outpatient Dermatology Department at Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences Hubli, Karnataka. Men and women with age more than 18 years (50 cases with Lichen planus and 50 controls without lichen planus and had other skin diseases mainly nevi, seborrheic keratosis, verruca vulgaris). Results We found significantly higher levels of triglycerides (153.03 vs 107.91 p value 0.008), total cholesterol (158.49 vs 143.47 p value 0.018), VLDL (30.61 vs 22.75 p value0.021) and significantly lower levels of HDL (38.86 vs 45.78 p value<0.001). Both TG/HDL ratio (4.26 vs 3.19) and LDL/HDL ratio (2.45 vs 1.78) were significantly higher with a p value of <0.0001. ATP-III criteria for metabolic syndrome were met by 6% of the patients with LP versus 2% of the controls (p value=0.617), suggesting no association between metabolic syndrome and lichen planus. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with LP was 38% for cases and 6% for controls (p value< 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression model demonstrated that LP was associated with dyslipidemia, even after controlling for confounders, including age, gender, BMI and FBS levels (OR=11.53 95%, CI=2.80-47.55, p value<0.001). Conclusion The results obtained in our study support the association of dyslipidemia in lichen planus which was seen even after controlling the confounding factors. The study also highlights the importance of routine screening of dyslipidemia since early intervention may reduce the risk and complications of cardiovascular disease later in life. However, there was no association seen between lichen planus and metabolic syndrome. Further studies are required to establish this finding.
Dealing with Job Insecurity, Work Stress, and Family Conflict of Employees

This study was to determine the effect of job insecurity, work stress, work family conflict on burnout of employees of PT. Granada Audio Indonesia. The object of this research is employees who work at PT. Granada Audio Indonesia. This study was conducted on 40 respondents using a quantitative descriptive approach. The results of this study show that the variable job insecurity has a significant positive effect on burnout, work stress has a significant positive effect on burnout and work family conflict has a significant positive effect on burnout. The approach used in this study is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with a Smart-PLS analysis tool. Therefore, the results of this research test state that there is a joint effect between job insecurity, work stress and work family conflict variables on burnout at PT. Granada Audio Indonesia.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in Adults

Oxygen is the first-line therapy for hypoxemic respiratory failure and is usually delivered through nasal cannulae or a face mask. More recently, there has been increased interest in the use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy, in which optimally heated and humidified oxygen is delivered at high flow rates of up to 60 L/min. HFNC therapy has a number of advantages over traditional, low-flow oxygen therapy: provision of low-level positive-end expiratory pressure, flushing of anatomical dead space, provision of higher and more predictable fraction of inspired oxygen and enhanced patient tolerance and compliance. Much of the available evidence for its clinical utility comes from its use in neonatal and pediatric settings, but HFNC therapy has been studied in adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure, and for preoxygenation before intubation, as well as postextubation to avoid or treat respiratory failure in high-risk groups. Currently, there are only a few high-quality studies evaluating outcomes of HFNC therapy in these patient groups, and a number of key questions remain to be answered, meaning that it is not possible to make strong recommendations regarding its use. Nevertheless, this is an exciting and innovative addition to the field of respiratory support for adult patients with a variety of respiratory pathologies.
A discrete chemo-dynamical model of M87’s globular clusters: Kinematics extending to ∼400 kpc

We study the mass distribution and kinematics of the giant elliptical galaxy M87 (NGC 4486) using discrete chemo-dynamical, axisymmetric Jeans equation modelling. Our catalogue comprises 894 globular clusters (GCs) extending to a projected radius of $\sim 430$ kpc with line-of-sight velocities and colours, and Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) integral field unit data within the central $2.4$ kpc of the main galaxy. The gravitational potential for our models is a combination of a luminous matter potential with a varying mass-to-light ratio for the main galaxy, a supermassive black hole and a dark matter (DM) potential with a cusped or cored DM halo. The best-fitting models with either a cusped or a cored DM halo show no significant differences and both are acceptable. We obtain a total mass of $(2.16 \pm 0.38) \times 10^{13} M_{\odot}$ within $\sim$ 400 kpc. By including the stellar mass-to-light ratio gradient, the DM fraction increases from $\sim$ 26 percent (with no gradient) to $\sim$ 73 percent within $1\,R_e^{\rm maj}$ (major axis of half-light isophote, 14.2 kpc), and from $\sim$ 84 percent to $\sim$ 94 percent within $5\,R_e^{\rm maj}$ (71.2 kpc). Red GCs have moderate rotation with $V_{\rm max}/\sigma \sim$ 0.4, and blue GCs have weak rotation with $V_{\rm max}/\sigma \sim$ 0.1. Red GCs have tangential velocity dispersion anisotropy, while blue GCs are consistent with being nearly isotropic. Our results suggest that red GCs are more likely to be born in-situ, while blue GCs are more likely to be accreted.