Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of FDCT Early Brain Parenchymal Blood Volume Maps in Predicting Short-Term Prognosis in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Purpose Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is accompanied by cerebral perfusion changes. We aimed to measure the parenchymal blood volume (PBV) maps acquired by C-arm flat-panel detector CT (FDCT) to assess the cerebral blood volume at an early stage in aneurysmal SAH and to explore the correlation with the outcomes at discharge. Methods Data of 66 patients with aneurysmal SAH who underwent FDCT PBV examination were retrospectively analyzed. The PBV of regions of interest, including the cortices of the bilateral frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, and the cerebral hemisphere, as well as the basal ganglia, were measured and quantitatively analyzed. The clinical and imaging data of the patients were also collected, and logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the correlation between the perfusion parameters and outcomes at discharge. Results The favorable and poor outcomes at discharge were found in 37 (56.06%) and 29 (43.94%) patients, respectively. The whole-brain PBV was significantly correlated with the Hunt-Hess grades (p < 0.005) and the WFNSS grades (p < 0.005). The whole-brain PBV of the poor prognosis was significantly higher than that of the favorable prognosis (35.17 ± 7.66 vs. 29.78 ± 5.54, p < 0.005). The logistic regression analysis showed that the PBV of the parietal lobe at the bleeding side (OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.00–1.20, p = 0.04) was an independent risk factor predicting the short-term prognosis. Conclusions Parenchymal blood volume (PBV) maps could reflect the cerebral blood volume throughout the brain to characterize its perfusion status at an early stage in aneurysmal SAH. It enables a one-stop imaging evaluation and treatment in the same angio-suite and may serve as a reliable technique in clinical assessment of aneurysmal SAH.
Climate Change and Farmers’ Household Financial Vulnerability: Evidence From China

Climate change is one of the most severe threats to human survival and a significant factor influencing financial stability. Different from previous studies, this paper investigates the economic impact of climate change at the micro level based on data from China Meteorological Administration database, and China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) 2017 released in 2019. The empirical findings indicate that climate change contributes to the financial vulnerability of farmers’ households, which is confirmed following robustness tests. The mechanism analysis reveals that climate change has effects on rural households’ financial vulnerability via farmers’ health, credit availability, and agricultural output. Furthermore, the effect of climate change on farmers’ household financial vulnerability (HFV) is more pronounced in farmers with lower education levels. The changes in temperature and precipitation show different intensity effects in different areas, but all of them provide reasonable heterogeneity mechanisms. This paper’s policy value is demonstrated by the fact that it uncovers the effects of climate change on farmers’ HFV, information that may be useful for addressing climate change and rural financial stability.
An Analysis of Young Clients' Communications About Their Suicidality on a Text Message Helpline: “I'm Scared of What I Might Do to Myself”

Background Youth suicide is a major international concern and prevention is a priority. In most cases suicidal behavior would be preceded by a period of suicidal ideation. Although feeling suicidal is recognized as a risk factor for suicide, there is little research which captures young people's own experience of suicidality in a moment of crisis. Aims This study aimed to explore young people's own accounts of their suicidality in the moment in which they experienced it. Method This qualitative study examined clients' experience of suicidality as communicated during a text message helpline counseling interaction. The data consisted of 125 text transcripts of an interaction during which a client was experiencing suicidality. These were obtained from a New Zealand based youth helpline service. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings The analysis showed that clients' experienced suicidality as a normal part of their life; that it was understood as a form of coping and that it was seen as a legitimate way to communicate distress. Clients described rapid fluctuations in the intensity of their suicidality and a feeling of being out of control. Despite this, they also communicated ambivalence about acting on their suicidality, and a recognition of the need to get help. Conclusions This study offered unique insights into young people's experience of suicidality and opens up opportunities for prevention. It underlines the importance of identifying chronic suicidality early and providing intervention and support prior to a suicidal crisis. The findings point to the potential that text counseling services might have in providing support to young people who are experiencing suicidality in the moment that they need this.
Vitamin C Intake and Ischemic Stroke

Vitamin C is an essential micronutrient with important antioxidant properties. Ischemic stroke is a major public health problem worldwide. Extensive evidence demonstrates that vitamin C has protective effects against cardiovascular disease, and there is a close relationship between vitamin C intake and ischemic stroke risk. Based on the evidence, we conducted this umbrella review to clarify the relationship between vitamin C intake and ischemic stroke risk from four perspectives: cellular mechanisms, animal experiments, clinical trials, and cohort studies.
Multidisciplinary Treatment Strategies for Wilms Tumor: Recent Advances, Technical Innovations and Future Directions

Significant progress has been made in the management of Wilms tumor (WT) in recent years, mostly as a result of collaborative efforts and the implementation of protocol-driven, multimodal therapy. This article offers a comprehensive overview of current multidisciplinary treatment strategies for WT, whilst also addressing recent technical innovations including nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) and minimally invasive approaches. In addition, surgical concepts for the treatment of metastatic disease, advances in tumor imaging technology and potentially prognostic biomarkers will be discussed. Current evidence suggests that, in experienced hands and selected cases, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and laparoscopic-assisted partial nephrectomy for WT may offer the same outcome as the traditional open approach. While NSS is the standard procedure for bilateral WT, NSS has evolved as an alternative technique in patients with smaller unilateral WT and in cases with imminent renal failure. Metastatic disease of the lung or liver that is associated with WT is preferably treated with a three-drug chemotherapy and local radiation therapy. However, surgical sampling of lung nodules may be advisable in persistent nodules before whole lung irradiation is commenced. Several tumor markers such as loss of heterozygosity of chromosomes 1p/16q, 11p15 and gain of function at 1q are associated with an increased risk of recurrence or a decreased risk of overall survival in patients with WT. In summary, complete resection with tumor-free margins remains the primary surgical aim in WT, while NSS and minimally invasive approaches are only suitable in a subset of patients with smaller WT and low-risk disease. In the future, advances in tumor imaging technology may assist the surgeon in defining surgical resection margins and additional biomarkers may emerge as targets for development of new diagnostic tests and potential therapies.
The Role of Denial in Vaccine Skeptics and “Anti-vax” Blame: A Psychodynamic Approach

In this paper, we propose to account for the blame addressed to vaccine skeptics and “anti-vax” (VS and AV) by considering their attitude as the result of the psychological mechanism of denial, understood in a psychodynamic manner. To that effect, we draw on a secondary account of our clinical experience in two hospital units (psychiatry and intensive care unit), and on openly available media material. First, we lay out how VS and AV can be understood as the result from fetishist risk denial, a specific psychological transaction with an object by which VS and AV people feel intimately protected; this object is viewed as so powerful that its protection makes the vaccine appear irrelevant. Second, we show how this mechanism can explain the specific content of the blame frequently addressed to VS and AV, who are reproached with being selfish by vaccinated people and caregivers. We contend that, contrary to common belief, they are thus blamed because they force others (and especially caregivers) to compensate their lack of self-protection and preservation, which derives from their exclusive relation to an almighty object. While such a relation accounts for the unwillingness to consider vaccination, it also explains the harshness of the blame voiced by caregivers, who feel helpless in most situations as they cannot effectively force VS and AV to take care of themselves and others.
Do emotions influence safe browsing? Toward an electroencephalography marker of affective responses to cybersecurity notifications

Cybersecurity notifications play an important role in encouraging users to use computers safely. Emotional reactions to such notifications are known to positively influence users’ adherence to these notifications, though it is challenging for researchers to identify and quantify users’ emotional reactions. In this study, we explored electroencephalography (EEG) signals that were elicited by the presentation of various emotionally charged image stimuli provided by the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) and compared signals to those elicited by images of cybersecurity notifications and other computer-related stimuli. Participants provided behavioral assessments of valence and arousal elicited by the images which were used to cross-reference the results. We found that EEG amplitudes corresponding to the late positive potential (LPP) were elevated in reaction to images of cybersecurity notifications as well as IAPS images known to elicit strong positive and negative valence, when compared to neutral valence or other computer-related stimuli. These findings suggest that the LPP may account for emotional deliberation about cybersecurity notifications, which could be a useful measure when conducting future studies into the role such emotional reactions play in encouraging safe computer behavior.
Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Variant Histology Bladder Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Context To improve the prognosis of variant histology (VH) bladder cancers, clinicians have used neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) or adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) on the basis of radical cystectomy (RC). Despite some new data, the evidence remains mixed on their efficacy. Objective To update the current evidence on the role of NAC and AC for VH bladder cancers. Evidence Acquisition We searched for all studies investigating NAC or AC for bladder cancer patients with variant histology in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to December 2021. The primary end points were recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). Evidence Synthesis We identified 18 reports comprising a total of 10,192 patients in the NAC studies. In patients with VH, the use of NAC did improve CSS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55–0.99, p = 0.044), and OS (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.66–0.84, p = 0.000), but not RFS (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.56–2.33, p = 0.706). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that receiving NAC was associated with better OS in sarcomatoid VH (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54–0.83, p = 0.000) and neuroendocrine VH (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.43–0.68, p = 0.000). For AC, we identified eight reports comprising a total of 3254 patients. There was a benefit in CSS (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43–0.87, p = 0.006) and OS (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.98, p = 0.032). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that only neuroendocrine VH had better CSS (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.13–0.67, p = 0.174) when receiving AC. Conclusions NAC or AC for VH bladder cancers confers an OS and CSS benefit compared with RC alone. For NAC, the benefit was independently observed in the sarcomatoid and neuroendocrine subgroups. As for AC, only neuroendocrine subgroups improved CSS. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021289487.
Therapeutic potential of the MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3 in counteracting SARS-CoV-2 infection of the eye through p53 activation

Starting from the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) global pandemic, most of the published data has concentrated on the respiratory signs and symptoms of Covid-19 infection, underestimating the presence and importance of ocular manifestations, such as conjunctivitis, usually reported in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. With the present review we intend to resume the ocular involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the recent discoveries about the different cell types and tissues of the eye that can be directly infected by SARS-CoV-2 and propagate the infection. Moreover, reviewing literature data about p53 expression in normal and diseased eye tissues, we hypothesize that the pleiotropic protein p53 present at high levels in cornea, conjunctiva and tear film might play a protective role against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Since p53 can be easily up-regulated by using small molecule non-genotoxic inhibitors of MDM2, we propose that topical use of Nutlin-3, the prototype member of MDM2 inhibitors, might protect the anterior surface of the eye from SARS-CoV-2 infection, reducing the spreading of the virus.
Gender-Diverse Inclusion in Immunological Research: Benefits to Science and Health

The differences between male and female immune systems are an under-researched field, ripe for discovery. This is evidenced by the stark sex biases seen in autoimmunity and infectious disease. Both the sex hormones (oestrogen and testosterone), as well as the sex chromosomes have been demonstrated to impact immune responses, in multiple ways. Historical shortcomings in reporting basic and clinical scientific findings in a sex-disaggregated manner have led not only to limited discovery of disease aetiology, but to potential inaccuracies in the estimation of the effects of diseases or interventions on females and gender-diverse groups. Here we propose not only that research subjects should include both cis-gender men and cis-gender women, but also transgender and gender-diverse people alongside them. The known interaction between the hormonal milieu and the sex chromosomes is inseparable in cis-gender human research, without the confounders of puberty and age. By inclusion of those pursuing hormonal affirmation of their gender identity- the individual and interactive investigation of hormones and chromosomes is permitted. Not only does this allow for a fine-tuned dissection of these individual effects, but it allows for discovery that is both pertinent and relevant to a far wider portion of the population. There is an unmet need for detailed treatment follow-up of the transgender community- little is known of the potential benefits and risks of hormonal supplementation on the immune system, nor indeed on many other health and disease outcomes. Our research team has pioneered the inclusion of gender-diverse persons in our basic research in adolescent autoimmune rheumatic diseases. We review here the many avenues that remain unexplored, and suggest ways in which other groups and teams can broaden their horizons and invest in a future for medicine that is both fruitful and inclusive.
Haplotype Analysis of the Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Gene and Risk of Myocardial Infarction

Polymorphisms in the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), in particular G16R, Q27E and T164I, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic phenotypes. However, no prospective, genetic-epidemiological data are available on the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with these variants. Using DNA samples collected at baseline in a prospective cohort of 14,916 initially healthy American men, we evaluated the G16R, Q27E, and T164I polymorphisms among 523 individuals who subsequently developed myocardial infarction and among 2092 individuals who remained free of reported cardiovascular events during follow-up. The haplotype-frequency distribution was significantly different between cases and controls ( χ 27df =20.92, p =0.0039). Haplotype-based logistic regression, adjusting for age, smoking and randomized treatment group, indicated that G16-Q27-I164 (odds ratio=0.178, 95%CI=0.043-0.737, p =0.017), and (non-G16-Q27)-T164 (odds ratio=1.235, 95%CI=1.031-1.480, p =0.022) haplotypes were significantly associated with altered risk of myocardial infarction. These findings remained after further adjustment for BMI, history of hypertension, and presence or absence of diabetes. In conclusion, variation in haplotype frequencies for the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene may be associated with risk of myocardial infarction.
Estimation of height from the foramen magnum in the adult population - a preliminary study.

Stature estimation is an important early step during forensic analysis of human skeletal remnants. The aim of the present study was to obtain a linear regression formula for estimating stature from foramen magnum measurements of a central Indian population. The study includes 81 male and 55 female cadavers brought for medicolegal autopsies. The linear regression equations were derived from length (FML), breadth (FMB) and area (FMA) of foramen magnum. The regression model provided a 95% confidence interval of ± 11.1 cm, ± 10.4, and ± 10.5 cm and a correlation coefficient of 0.69, 0.75, and 0.74 for length, breadth, and area of male foramen magnum, respectively. Similarly, the regression model provided a 95% confidence interval of ± 13.4 cm, ± 11.4 cm, and ± 12.8 cm and a correlation coefficient of 0.45, 0.68, and 0.57 for length, breadth, and area of female foramen magnum. Compared to other studies, regression formulae based on the measurements of the foramen magnum provided slightly larger standard errors than that based on long bone lengths. The study indicates that foramen magnum measurements in relation with body stature show strong positive correlation, relatively moderate reliability in estimating stature, and some forensic value.
Early aftershocks and afterslip surrounding the 2015 Mw 8.4 Illapel

On 16 September 2015, the Mw 8.4 Illapel earthquake ruptured a section of the subduction thrust on the west coast of central Chile. The mainshock was followed by numerous aftershocks including some normal-faulting events near the trench. We apply a template matching approach to improve the completeness of early aftershocks within one month of the mainshock. To constrain the distribution of afterslip, we utilize repeating earthquakes among the aftershocks and perform a joint slip inversion of postseismic GPS and InSAR data. The results show that the aftershock zone abruptly expands to the south ∼ 14 h after the mainshock while growing relatively continuously to the north within the first day. The repeating earthquakes accompanying the early expansion suggest that aseismic afterslip on the subduction thrust surrounding the coseismic rupture is an important triggering mechanism of aftershocks in addition to stress transfer or poroelastic effects. An energetic earthquake sequence near the trench initiated with a M 4.6 event ∼ 3.5 h after the mainshock, suggesting delayed triggering by the static or dynamic stress changes induced by the mainshock. The spatial distribution of repeating earthquakes and the geodetic-inverted afterslip are consistent and appear to wrap around the large coseismic slip patch. Both data sets suggest that the largest cumulative afterslip is located at ∼ 30.5°S to the north of the mainshock rupture zone. The estimated postseismic moment released in the first ∼ 24 days of afterslip is equivalent to an earthquake of Mw 7.5. The afterslip illuminates the velocity strengthening sections of the plate interface that surround the mainshock rupture, consistent with plate coupling models inferred from interseismic GPS velocities.
University of Birmingham Linking capabilities to green operations strategies: the moderating role of corporate environmental proactivity

The aim of this study is to investigate the specific role of supply chain capabilities (SCCs) in the implementation of green operations (GO) strategies. More importantly, it examines whether this relationship between SCCs and GO is contingent on corporate environmental proactivity (EP). Theoretical predictions of the conceptual model were tested using hierarchical regression analyses of data obtained from 225 senior logistics/supply chain managers in the global auto sector. To ensure the robustness of our findings, a post-hoc analysis using the partial least squares approach was conducted. Significant positive associations exist between specific SCCs and the adoption of GO strategies. EP positively moderates the external integration capability – green purchasing and the supplier appraisal capability – green manufacturing linkages. However, unexpectedly, EP negatively moderates the effect of internal integration capability on green purchasing. Equally surprising, consistent negative moderation effects are detected for supply chain flexibility on green design, green purchasing, and green manufacturing. This study contributes to the existing resource-based view literature by focusing on the capability – strategy linkage and its specific application to environmental management. The exploration of the moderating effects of EP confirms the important role of organizing context in the effective exploitation and deployment of resources and capabilities.
Inclined Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (iSPIM) adaptor for conventional microscopes

There is a current need in biomedical sciences to perform live imaging with higher spatial and temporal resolution. To achieve this goal in a comprehensive manner, three-dimensional acquisitions are necessary. Ideal features of a modern microscope system should include high imaging speed, high contrast ratio, low photo-bleaching and photo-toxicity, good resolution in a 3D context and mosaic acquisition for large samples. Considering the importance collecting data in live sample increases the technical challenges required to solve these issues. This work presents a practical version of a microscopy method, Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy reintroduced by Huisken (2004). This method is gaining importance in the biomedical field, with its load of technical solutions but has been limited by difficulties associated with unconventional microscope construction using two objectives and sample preparation. Based on the selective plane illumination principle but with a design similar to the Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence microscope, Dunsby (2008) demonstrated the Oblique Plane Microscope (OPM) using a single objective which uses conventional sample preparation protocols. However, the Dunsby instrument was not intended to be part of a commercial microscope. In this work we describe a system with the advantages of OPM and that can be used as an add-on to commonly used microscopes, such as IX-71 Olympus, simplifying the construction of the OPM and increasing performance of a conventional microscope. We named our design inclined Selective Plane Illumination Microscope (iSPIM).