Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L2 and L1 semantic context indices as automated measures of lexical sophistication

Lexical frequency benchmarks have been extensively used to investigate second language (L2) lexical sophistication, especially in language assessment studies. However, indices based on semantic co-occurrence, which may be a better representation of the experience language users have with lexical items, have not been sufficiently tested as benchmarks of lexical sophistication. To address this gap, we developed and tested indices based on semantic co-occurrence from two computational methods, namely, Latent Semantic Analysis and Word2Vec. The indices were developed from one L2 written corpus (i.e., EF Cambridge Open Language Database [EF-CAMDAT]) and one first language (L1) written corpus (i.e., Corpus of Contemporary American English [COCA] Magazine). Available L1 semantic context indices (i.e., Touchstone Applied Sciences Associates [TASA] indices) were also assessed. To validate the indices, they were used to predict L2 essay quality scores as judged by human raters. The models suggested that the semantic context indices developed from EF-CAMDAT and TASA, but not the COCA Magazine indices, explained unique variance in the presence of lexical sophistication measures. This study suggests that semantic context indices based on multi-level corpora, including L2 corpora, may provide a useful representation of the experience L2 writers have with input, which may assist with automatic scoring of L2 writing.
Mercury Elemental and Isotopic Abundances in Mercury-Manganese Stars

Hg II abundances have been determined for 42 mercury-manganese (HgMn) stars by fitting synthetic spectra to observed spectra of the 3984 Å Hg II line. Twenty of the stars had lines sharp enough to allow their Hg isotopic abundance mixes to be estimated. The Hg abundance is reported for more HgMn stars here than in any other single work. No correlation was found between Hg II abundance and Teff or the mean central wavelength of HgMn λ3984 stars. The mean central wavelength of λ3984 , an indicator of the Hg isotopic mix, is loosely correlated with Teff: stars with primarily heavy Hg isotopes tend to be cooler, although one star, 46 Aql, has almost pure 204Hg and Teff in about the middle of the temperature range for HgMn stars. We find that there is no evidence that any of the HgMn stars have 196Hg or 198Hg. For the very sharp-lined stars, the 204Hg abundance decreases with increasing Teff. No correlation is seen between the mean central wavelength and the surface gravity. No correlation was found between the projected rotational velocity and the Hg II abundance or the central wavelength of λ3984, although this result may be biased by the selection of stars with low reported v sin i. Hg I λ4358 was measured at high spectral resolution for seven HgMn stars. The isotopic shifts are too small, and the hyperfine components are too weak to allow unambiguous isotopic abundance ratios to be found. Hg I abundances correlate fairly well with Hg II abundances. Some of the Hg isotopic mixtures are difficult to explain using only diffusion. HR 7245 has approximately equal abundances of 199Hg, 200Hg, 202Hg, and 204Hg but very little 201Hg, and 11 Per has Hg that is mostly 199Hg and 204Hg. Calculations show that hyperfine splitting of 201Hg changes the radiative forces it feels compared with other isotopes, which may alter diffusion of that isotope enough to explain its absence in HR 7245, but we have found no possible explanation for the Hg isotopic mix found in 11 Per. These are the first very high resolution measurements of Hg II λ3984 for HR 7245 and 11 Per. Although diffusion may be acting in HgMn stars, either there are one or more other mechanisms acting to help produce the overabundances and isotopic mixtures seen or our understanding of diffusion is lacking on some important point.
Therapeutic Use and Molecular Aspects of Ivabradine in Cardiac Remodeling: A Review

Cardiac remodeling can cause ventricular dysfunction and progress to heart failure, a cardiovascular disease that claims many lives globally. Ivabradine, a funny channel (If) inhibitor, is used in patients with chronic heart failure as an adjunct to other heart failure medications. This review aims to gather updated information regarding the therapeutic use and mechanism of action of ivabradine in heart failure. The drug reduces elevated resting heart rate, which is linked to increased morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure. Its use is associated with improved cardiac function, structure, and quality of life in the patients. Ivabradine exerts several pleiotropic effects, including an antiremodeling property, which are independent of its principal heart-rate-reducing effects. Its suppressive effects on cardiac remodeling have been demonstrated in animal models of cardiac remodeling and heart failure. It reduces myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress as well as increases autophagy in the animals. It also modulates myocardial calcium homeostasis, neurohumoral systems, and energy metabolism. However, its role in improving heart failure remains unclear. Therefore, elucidating its molecular mechanisms is imperative and would aid in the design of future studies.
Non-destructive insect metabarcoding as a surveillance tool for the Australian grains industry: a first trial for the iMapPESTS smart trap

Surveillance and long-term monitoring of insect pest populations are of paramount importance to limit dispersal and inform pest management. Molecular methods have been employed in diagnostics, surveillance and monitoring for the past few decades, often paired with more traditional techniques relying on morphological examinations. Within this context, the ‘iMapPESTS: Sentinel Surveillance for Agriculture’ project was conceptualised to enhance on-farm pest management decision-making via development and deployment of smart traps, able to collect insects, as well as recording associated environmental data. Here, we compared an iMapPESTS ‘Sentinel’ smart trap to an alternative suction trap over a 10-week period. We used a non-destructive insect metabarcoding approach complemented by insect morphological diagnostics to assess and compare aphid species presence and diversity across trap samples and time. Furthermore, we paired this with environmental data recorded throughout the sampling period. This methodology recorded a total of 497 different taxa from 70 traps over a 10-week period in the grain-growing region in western Victoria. This included not only the 14 aphid target species, but an additional 12 aphid species, including a new record for Victoria. Ultimately, with more than 450 bycatch species detected, this highlighted the value of insect metabarcoding, not only for pest surveillance, but also at a broader ecosystem level, with potential applications in integrated pest management and biocontrol.
Comment on "Indication from Pioneer 10/11, Galileo, and Ulysses Data, of an Apparent Anomalous, Weak, Long-Range Acceleration"

In a recent Letter Anderson et al. report some very intriguing radio observations flom various interplanetary spaceprobes over the past 18 years. They interpret this data as an anomalous deceleration of the spaceprobes. Here I offer a different interpretation: that the anomaly is related to the cosmological red shift.
Space-variable thermophysical properties identification in nanocomposites via integral transforms, Bayesian inference and infrared thermography

Simultaneous estimation of space-variable thermal conductivity and heat capacity in heterogeneous samples of nanocomposites is dealt with by employing a combination of the generalized integral transform technique (GITT), for the direct problem solution, Bayesian inference as implemented with the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, for the inverse analysis and infrared thermography, for the temperature measurements. Another aspect of the proposed approach is the integral transformation of the thermographic experimental data along the space variable, which allows for a significant data compression since the inverse analysis is undertaken within the transformed field. Results are presented for the covalidation of the experiment with a homogeneous polyester plate, as well as for a plate made of polyester–alumina nanoparticles composite with abrupt variation of the filler concentration.
The evolution of galaxies in radio-selected groups.

The evolution of galaxies in small groups is studied in a way unbiased by selection effects, on the basis of observations of the populations of galaxies around a sample of 98 strong radio galaxies, 65 with redshifts less than 0.25, and 33 with redshifts between 0.25 and 0.50. The properties of galaxies with M(V) not greater than -19.0 within 0.5 Mpc of the radio galaxies are analyzed. Strong radio galaxies are found to occur in groups whose range of richness is broad, but not as broad as that of groups in general. There has been a slight decrease in the richness of radio groups since the epoch observed at z of 0.4, particularly among the FR II sources. The luminosity function of the members of both high- and low-redshift radio groups is indistinguishable from that of nearby field galaxies. It is concluded that galaxies in groups containing radio galaxies are typical of group members in general and are a good probe of the properties of normal galaxies. It is suggested that the morphology-environment relation is of recent origin and is steepening rapidly with time.
Bounded Power Signal Spaces for Robust Control and Modeling

The nonlinear space of signals allowing Wiener's generalized harmonic analysis (GHA), the linear bounded power signal spaces of Beurling, Marcinkiewicz, and Wiener, and a new linear bounded power space are studied from a control and systems theory perspective. Specifically, it is shown that the system power gain is given by the $H_\infty$ norm of the system transfer function in each of these spaces for a large class of (power) stable finite and infinite dimensional systems. The GHA setup is shown to possess several limitations for the purpose of robustness analysis which motivates the use of the other more general (nonstationary) signal spaces. The natural double-sided time axis versions of bounded power signal spaces are shown to break the symmetry between Hardy space $H_\infty$ methods and bounded power operators; e.g., the system transfer function being in $H_\infty$ does not imply that a causal-linear time-invariant (LTI) system is bounded as an operator on any of the double-sided versions of the studied bounded power signal spaces.
Cardiopulmonary Ultrasound Patterns of Transient Acute Respiratory Distress of the Newborn: A Retrospective Pilot Study

Acute transient respiratory distress in the first hours of life is usually defined as transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN). TTN is a respiratory self-limiting disorder consequent to delayed lung fluid clearance at birth. While TTN is the most common etiology of respiratory distress near term, its pathogenesis and diagnostic criteria are not well-defined. Lung ultrasound and targeted neonatal echocardiography are increasingly being used to assess critically ill infants, although their combined use to improve diagnostic precision in neonatal intensive care units has not yet been described. This retrospective pilot analysis aimed to identify possible cardiopulmonary ultrasound (CPUS) patterns in term and late preterm infants suffering from transient respiratory distress and requiring non-invasive respiratory support. After retrospectively revising CPUS images, we found seven potential sonographic phenotypes of acute neonatal respiratory distress. Up to 50% of the patients presented with signs of increased pulmonary vascular resistance, suggesting that those patients may be diagnosed with mild forms of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Approximately 80% of the infants with a history of meconium-stained amniotic fluid displayed irregular atelectasis, indicating that they may have suffered from mild meconium aspiration syndrome. CPUS evaluation may improve accuracy in the approach to the infants presenting with transient acute respiratory distress, supporting communication with the parents and carrying important epidemiological consequences.
Uncertainty principles invariant under the fractional Fourier transform

Abstract Uncertainty principles like Heisenberg's assert an inequality obeyed by some measure of joint uncertainty associated with a function and its Fourier transform. The more groups under which that measure is invariant, the more that measure represents an intrinsic property of the underlying object represented by the given function. The Fourier transform is imbedded in a continuous group of operators, the fractional Fourier transforms, but the Heisenberg measure of overall spread turns out not to be invariant under that group. A new family is developed of measures that are invariant under the group of fractional Fourier transforms and that obey associated uncertainty principles. The first member corresponds to Heisenberg's measure but is generally smaller than his although equal to it in special cases.
Three-component vorticity measurements in a turbulent grid flow

All components of the fluctuating vorticity vector have been measured in decaying grid turbulence using a vorticity probe of relatively simple geometry (four X-probes, i.e. a total of eight hot wires). The data indicate that local isotropy is more closely satisfied than global isotropy, the r.m.s. vorticities being more nearly equal than the r.m.s. velocities. Two checks indicate that the performance of the probe is satisfactory. Firstly, the fully measured mean energy dissipation rate 〈ε〉 is in good agreement with the value inferred from the rate of decay of the mean turbulent energy 〈q2〉 in the quasi-homogeneous region; the isotropic mean energy dissipation rate 〈εiso〉 agrees closely with this value even though individual elements of 〈ε〉 indicate departures from isotropy. Secondly, the measured decay rate of the mean-square vorticity 〈ω2〉 is consistent with that of 〈q2〉 and in reasonable agreement with the isotropic form of the transport equation for 〈ω2〉. Although 〈ε〉≃〈εiso〉, there are discernible differences between the statistics of ε and εiso; in particular, εiso is poorly correlated with either ε or ω2. The behaviour of velocity increments has been examined over a narrow range of separations for which the third-order longitudinal velocity structure function is approximately linear. In this range, transverse velocity increments show larger departures than longitudinal increments from predictions of Kolmogorov (1941). The data indicate that this discrepancy is only partly associated with differences between statistics of locally averaged ε and ω2, the latter remaining more intermittent than the former across this range. It is more likely caused by a departure from isotropy due to the small value of Rλ, the Taylor microscale Reynolds number, in this experiment.
An inverse free-electron-laser accelerator

Recent work at BNL on electron acceleration using the Inverse Free-Electron Laser (IFEL) has considered a low-energy, high-gradient, multi-stage linear accelerator. Experiments are planned at BNL's Accelerator Test Facility using its 50-MeV linac and 100-GW CO/sub 2/ laser. We have built and tested a fast-excitation wiggler magnet with constant field, tapered period, and overall length of 47 cm. Vanadium-Permendur ferromagnetic laminations are stacked in alternation with copper, eddy-current-induced, field reflectors to achieve a 1.4-T peak field with a 4-mm gap and a typical period of 3 cm. The laser beam will pass through the wiggler in a low-loss, dielectriccoated stainless-steel, rectangular waveguide. The attenuation and transverse mode has been measured in waveguide sections of various lengths, with and without the dielectric. Results of 1-D and 3-D IFEL simulations, including wiggler errors, are presented foe several cases: the initial, single-module experiment with /spl Delta/E=39 MeV, a four-module design giving /spl Delta/E=100 MeV in a total length of 2 m, and an eight-module IFEL with /spl Delta/E=210 MeV. <<ETX>>
Differences in Coordination Motor Abilities between Orienteers and Athletics Runners

This study aimed to examine the differences in coordination motor abilities between track and field (T&F) runners and foot orienteers (Foot-O). Another purpose of this study was to analyse gender differences in terms of coordination motor abilities. Coordination skills tests were undertaken by 11 Foot-O and 11 T&F runners. Each group consisted of five women and six men who lived in the Lower Silesia region of Poland. The Foot-O group consisted of 11 orienteers aged 24.09 (±4.78) years, with a minimum 10 years of experience, while the T&F group consisted of 11 long-distance runners aged 24.91 (±4.04) years and with a performance level at distances of 5 km and 10 km equivalent to that for orienteering. Some of the participants represented world-class level (e.g., world junior medallists), and most of them were of national elite level. Coordination tests of motor abilities were chosen for their reliability and repeatability and included tests of spatial orientation, rhythmisation of movements, balance and kinaesthetic differentiation. The Foot-O group performed significantly better than the T&F group in terms of some coordination abilities. Differences were observed between the Foot-O and T&F runners in balance ability measured during the “Walk on the bench” test. Further research should be carried out in this area in order to confirm these differences.
Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway and Human Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation as an adaptive defense mechanism, determining the synthesis of antioxidant molecules, including heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1). HO-1 protects cells against oxidative injury, degrading free heme and inhibiting ROS production. HO-1 is highly expressed in macrophages during plaque growth. Macrophages are morpho-functionally heterogeneous, and the prevalence of a specific phenotype may influence the plaque fate. This heterogeneity has also been observed in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), a model of macrophages infiltrating tissue. The study aims to assess oxidative stress status and Nrf2/HO-1 axis in MDM morphotypes obtained from healthy subjects and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, in relation to coronary plaque features evaluated in vivo by optical coherence tomography (OCT). We found that MDMs of healthy subjects exhibited a lower oxidative stress status, lower Nrf2 and HO-1 levels as compared to CAD patients. High HO-1 levels in MDMs were associated with the presence of a higher macrophage content, a thinner fibrous cap, and a ruptured plaque with thrombus formation, detected by OCT analysis. These findings suggest the presence of a relationship between in vivo plaque characteristics and in vitro MDM profile, and may help to identify patients with rupture-prone coronary plaque.
Ethics of Technology Practice: Beliefs and Behaviors of Certified Rehabilitation Counselors During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic represented a critical moment for technology use within rehabilitation counseling. This study explored trends in the beliefs and behaviors of certified rehabilitation counselors (CRCs) regarding the ethical use of technology before and during the pandemic. Specifically, this study compared two groups of CRCs regarding the degree to which they engaged in 59 technology behaviors and whether they viewed each behavior to be ethical. Overall, group comparisons suggested an increased use of telephone, videoconferencing, and email to deliver counseling, assessment, and supervision services during the pandemic. Furthermore, supervision via videoconferencing and email in the pandemic were rated as more ethically appropriate than before the pandemic. As a general trend, synchronous modes of communication such as the telephone and video conferencing were rated as more ethically appropriate than asynchronous modes such as social networking and text messaging. Indicating a high degree of congruence between beliefs and behaviors, the technology practices viewed as most ethical were used the most often. Implications address the revisions to the Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors regarding the ethical use of technology in rehabilitation counseling.
A scoping review of patient-centred tuberculosis care interventions: Gaps and opportunities

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death globally. In 2015, the World Health Organization hailed patient-centred care as the first of three pillars in the End TB strategy. Few examples of how to deliver patient-centred care in TB programmes exist in practice; TB control efforts have historically prioritised health systems structures and processes, with little consideration for the experiences of people affected by TB. We aimed to describe how patient-centred care interventions have been implemented for TB, highlighting gaps and opportunities. We conducted a scoping review of the published peer-reviewed research literature and grey literature on patient-centred TB care interventions between January 2005 and March 2020. We found limited information on implementing patient-centred care for TB programmes (13 research articles, 7 project reports, and 19 conference abstracts). Patient-centred TB care was implemented primarily as a means to improve adherence, reduce loss to follow-up, and improve treatment outcomes. Interventions focused on education and information for people affected by TB, and psychosocial, and socioeconomic support. Few patient-centred TB care interventions focused on screening, diagnosis, or treatment initiation. Patient-centred TB care has to go beyond programmatic improvements and requires recognition of the diverse needs of people affected by TB to provide holistic care in all aspects of TB prevention, care, and treatment.
Combustion waves in two dimensions and their one-dimensional approximation

A two-dimensional reaction - diffusion system, describing combustion waves in a fuel layer or cylinder is studied. The results are compared with those obtained from a one-dimensional approximate model, where the approximation is motivated by centre manifold reduction. From the comparison it is clear that the one-dimensional approximation is accurate when the heat loss from the layer to the environment is not too large or when the layer is large enough such that the one-dimensional adiabatic approximation is appropriate. This is usually the case in experimental work, but it is not necessarily appropriate to asymptotic calculations. Differences between the one- and two-dimensional models in the size of the layer leading to quenching of the combustion are seen to be significant for certain values of the fuel parameter and heat loss.
Two stochastic properties of one‐sided exponentially weighted moving average control charts∗

This paper establishes two stochastic monotonicity results concerning the run length of an upper one‐sided Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control chart, based on the logarithm of the sample variance, for monitoring a process standard deviation. These properties cast interesting light on the control chart performance, and their extension to other one‐sided EWMA and CUSUM control charts is straightforward.
Quick deposition of a fluid on the wall of a tube

We are interested in the amount of fluid left behind a drop moved inside a capillary tube. Long ago, Taylor showed that for very viscous liquids moved at small velocities, the film thickness is a monotonic increasing function of the capillary number. New data obtained with liquids of low viscosity are reported here and compared with Taylor’s law. Two successive effects are observed: above a threshold in capillary number, the film is thicker than a Taylor film; at a very high speed, the deposition law becomes a decreasing function of the drop velocity. Both behaviors are analyzed thanks to scaling arguments and shown to be consequences of inertia.