Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Freshwater Cyanobacteria and Bloom Records in Spanish Reservoirs (1981–2017)

Cyanobacterial blooms constitute a global environmental concern, with sometimes serious implications for human and animal health. Consequently, they represent a major problem in the management of water and aquatic ecosystems. The design of good quality control and management programs is therefore imperative and, for this, a good understanding of the state of the art becomes essential. In Spain, information related to freshwater cyanobacteria is somewhat scattered. Thus, the main objective of this work is to gather all the available information related to cyanobacteria in Spanish artificial water bodies (reservoirs), with special attention to episodes of massive proliferation and probable toxic events. Data for this review were obtained from scientific papers, technical reports, and from the websites of the different Spanish basin organizations. From the review carried out, it is relevant that: cyanobacteria species have been recorded in 252 of the 988 existing reservoirs and blooms in 91 of them (most of them destined for water supply), potentially toxic cyanobacteria are widespread, and that occurrence of blooms has increased recently. The latter could be attributed to a spread monitoring effort. Nevertheless, the effect of the increasing eutrophication and climate change should not be underestimated. In addition to the data compilation, the relation between the cyanobacteria recorded in the Spanish water reservoirs and the geological area where the reservoirs are located has been analyzed.
Effect of salt stress on growth and biochemical properties of little millet (Panicum miliare L.)

The major proportion of chloride salts have been observed in the saline soils of Pakistan in the forms of chlorides of Na + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ . The saline soils of coastal areas have plenty of chloride salts, which create physiological drought, osmotic imbalance and ion toxicity to various plant species. Nonetheless, the adverse effect of Cl - may vary with types of salt and species of plant. This pot experiment reports the effect of 120 mol m -3 concentration of different salts of Cl - on the growth, ion contents and yield of little millet crop . The salinity treatments consist of S 0 : Control (No salts), S 1 : NaCl, S 2 : MgCl 2 , S 3 : CaCl 2 , S 4 : mixture of NaCl, MgCl 2 and CaCl 2 , (1:1:1) and S 5 : salt efflorescence. The results indicate the adverse impacts of all chloride salts on plant growth, yield and internal chemical compositions of plant biomolecules. In comparison of control treatment (S 0 ), the maximum decrease in plant height by 13.97%, number of tillers by 27.42%, root biomass by 45.92% and grain and straw yield by 31.78% and 14.83% respectively was observed in treatment S 1 . Moreover, the concentration of toxic elements like sodium and chloride were observed significant at ( p <0.05) in S 1 and S 5 treatments. Similarly, the concentration of effective ion nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were suppressed and found lowest in S 1 , S 2 , S 4 by 74.21%, 40.21%, 35%% respectively. It is concluded that, the chlorides of sodium at the concentration of 120 mol m -3 are highly toxic for growth and biochemical properties in comparison to other salts of the chlorides and salt efflorescence.
A Systematic Comparative Assessment of the Response of Ovarian Cancer Cells to the Chemotherapeutic Cisplatin in 3D Models of Various Structural and Biochemical Configurations—Does One Model Type Fit All?

Simple Summary Epithelial Ovarian Cancer is considered to be a ‘silent killer’ and a challenge for gynaecological health across the world due to its asymptotic nature in the early stages, its late-stage diagnosis, high recurrence rate and resistance to currently available treatment methods (chemotherapy). These disheartening figures highlight the need for extensive in vitro studies to better understand this disease. A number of in vitro 3D models are currently available to aid in the study of ovarian cancer and its response to therapeutic methods. In this work, we report, for the first time, a comprehensive comparative study of three widely used 3D in vitro models for ovarian cancer, along with chemotherapy assessment of primary and metastatic cells. Our study highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate 3D in vitro platform, which is based on multiple factors including the origin of cells used, experimental time period and experimental design, even for one specific disease. Abstract Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) is a silent, deadly and aggressive gynaecological disease with a relatively low survival rate. This has been attributed, to some extent, to EOC’s high recurrence rate and resistance to currently available platinum-based chemotherapeutic treatment methods. Multiple groups have studied and reported the effect of chemotherapeutic agents on various EOC 3D in vitro models. However, there are very few studies wherein a direct comparative study has been carried out between the different in vitro 3D models of EOC and the effect of chemotherapy within them. Herein, we report, for the first time, a direct comprehensive systematic comparative study of three different 3D in vitro platforms, namely (i) spheroids, (ii) synthetic PeptiGels/hydrogels of various chemical configurations and (iii) polymeric scaffolds with coatings of various extracellular matrices (ECMs) on the cell growth and response to the chemotherapeutic (Cisplatin) for ovary-derived (A2780) and metastatic (SK-OV-3) EOC cell lines. We report that all three 3D models are able to support the growth of EOC, but for different time periods (varying from 7 days to 4 weeks). We have also reported that chemoresistance to Cisplatin, in vitro, observed especially for metastatic EOC cells, is platform-dependent, in terms of both the structural and biochemical composition of the model/platform. Our study highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate 3D platform for in vitro tumour model development. We have demonstrated that the selection of the best platform for producing in vitro tumour models depends on the cancer/cell type, the experimental time period and the application for which the model is intended.
Parenting Styles’ Effects on Depressive Symptoms’ Development

As the general population of adolescents keeps growing in China, psychological symptoms and mental disorders such as depression among this cohort is likely to become a larger societal level issue in the foreseeable future as few studies demonstrated in Beijing and Guangdong,[1]which is alarming and stresses the importance to improve adolescents’ mental health well-being. The current study focused on investigating the interaction between adolescents’ perceived house hold parenting styles and their own mental health wellbeing. Questionnaires were distributed to students in China asking how do they perceive their parents’ parenting styles and BDI was used to measure participants’ depressive symptoms. The results indicated that participants who perceived their household parenting styles as authoritative are more likely to have higher BDI ratings which mean more depressive symptoms. An interaction between perceived parenting styles and gender was also found, and female participants were more susceptible to perceived authoritative parenting styles than male participants did.
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Duloxetine and Gabapentin in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: A Meta-Analysis

Background Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) is a common chronic pain condition affecting diabetic patients and has growing importance because of the increasing prevalence of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pain is the most troublesome symptom of DPNP, increasingly recognized as an important and independent feature of DPNP. This meta-analysis aims to compare the efficacy and safety of duloxetine and gabapentin in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) and therefore to provide evidence-based medicine for clinical treatment. Methods Relevant randomized controlled trials on duloxetine versus gabapentin for DPNP were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from database inception to October 2021. The data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software. Results Seven studies were included. The results showed that, at the end of the study, duloxetine was significantly superior to gabapentin in terms of the incidence of adverse reactions (RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.45–0.79, P < 0.01), sleep interference score (SMD = −0.35, 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.08, P < 0.05), but no significant differences in VAS score (SMD = −0.14, 95% CI: −0.31–0.03, P > 0.05), overall response rate (RR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.92–1.20, P > 0.05), and clinical global impression of change (SMD = 0.07, 95% CI: −0.20–0.35, P > 0.05). Conclusion Compared with gabapentin, duloxetine has no obvious advantage in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuralgia, but it has less side effects and significantly higher safety.
Glaucocalyxin A alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and apoptosis in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and permeability injury by inhibiting STAT3 signaling

Glaucocalyxin A (GLA), an ent-kauranoid diterpene derived from Rabdosia japonica var. glaucocalyx, possesses antibacterial, anti-oxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory properties. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying GLA in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (hPMVECs) treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were treated with GLA, followed by the detection of cell viability, inflammation, apoptosis and cell permeability. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of apoptosis- and permeability-associated proteins were determined using western blot analysis. Following treatment with a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activator, the protein expression levels of STAT3 and endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated proteins were determined, to confirm whether STAT3 signaling was mediated by GLA. Lastly, the mRNA expression level of inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis and permeability injury were also determined following treatment with a STAT3 activator. The results revealed that GLA ameliorated inflammation, apoptosis and permeability injury in LPS-induced hPMVECs. Following treatment with a STAT3 activator, the therapeutic effects of GLA on LPS-induced hPMVECs were abrogated. In conclusion, GLA alleviated LPS-induced inflammation, apoptosis and permeability injury in hPMVECs by inhibiting STAT3 signaling, which highlighted the potential therapeutic value of GLA in the treatment of pneumonia.
Model Reduction of Computational Aerothermodynamics for Multi-Discipline Analysis in High Speed Flows

This dissertation describes model reduction techniques for the computation of aerodynamic heat flux and pressure loads for multi-disciplinary analysis of hypersonic vehicles. NASA and the Department of Defense have expressed renewed interest in the development of responsive, reusable hypersonic cruise vehicles capable of sustained high-speed flight and access to space. However, an extensive set of technical challenges have obstructed the development of such vehicles. These technical challenges are partially due to both the inability to accurately test scaled vehicles in wind tunnels and to the time intensive nature of high-fidelity computational modeling, particularly for the fluid using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The aim of this dissertation is to develop efficient and accurate models for the aerodynamic heat flux and pressure loads to replace the need for computationally expensive, high-fidelity CFD during coupled analysis. Furthermore, aerodynamic heating and pressure loads are systematically evaluated for a number of different operating conditions, including: simple two-dimensional flow over flat surfaces up to three-dimensional flows over deformed surfaces with shock-shock interac-
Influence of Calcium Hydroxide as an Intracanal Medicament on Apical Seal

Aim of the Study: Aim of endodontic therapy is to restore the natural tooth functionally as well as esthetically. The success of the treatment depends predominantly on the reduction or complete eradication of pathogens and their byproducts (mechanically and chemically) along with adequate seal. Studies have concluded that chemo mechanical instrumentation alone will only render 50-70% of infected canals free of microorganisms therefore, an effective antimicrobial agent as intracanal medication should be used to improve treatment outcome. Moreover Improper apical seal has been reported as most common cause of endodontic treatment failure in different studies Therefore it is essential to know the effect of most commonly used intracanal medicament Ca (OH) 2 on apical seal, in order to reduce the chances of endodontic failure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of intracanal medicament on apical seal. Study Design: Quasi Experimental study. Place of the Study: The samples were prepared at Ziauddin University and was analyzed at Karachi University. Methodology: Mandibular premolars were prepared using step back technique and were divided into two groups. In Group A, no intracanal medicament was placed and in Group B intracanal medicament was placed. Samples were placed in Indian ink dye for 7 days and were then cleaned in running water before sectioning up to 5 mm (1 mm each) using Microtome and analyzed under stereomicroscope. Shapiro-Wilks test and Mann Whitney U test was used for data analysis. Results: Group with intracanal medicament showed least amount of dye penetration with mean value 2.30±1.832 as compared to non-medicated group mean value (2.96 ±1.69) but the results were not statically significant p value 0.072. Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that there is no statistically significant difference in leakage between group A and group B (non-medicated and medicated group).
Cytotoxic Effect of Red Sandal Mediated Silver Nanoparticles Mouthwash Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay: An In-vitro Study

Background: Silver Nanoparticles (AgNP) plays a crucial role in nanoscience, nanotechnology and nanomedicine. AgNP has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-antigenic, anticancer and cytotoxic properties. Cytotoxic effects of mouthwashes on the gingival tissue have always been a priority. Pterocarpus santalinus, with the common name of red sandalwood. The aim of the study is to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of red sandal mediated silver nanoparticles mouthwash using brine shrimp lethality assay. Materials and Methods: The mouthwash was prepared using red sandal mediated silver nanoparticles, ethanol, distilled water, sucrose, sodium benzoate, clove oil, sodium dodecyl phosphate with 0.1% in concentration. The methodology includes green synthesis of Red sanders mediated Silver Nanoparticles synthesis followed by tests for Cytotoxic effect using mouthwash. Results: Red sanders mediated silver nanoparticles have high potent cytotoxic potential, it has been proved with the help of brine shrimps. LD50 concentration was obtained to be 80µL, with half the population of nauplii in the respective well surviving post incubation. Conclusion: From the observed result, it has been concluded that Pterocarpus santalinus/red sandal mediated silver nanoparticles mouthwash has a considerably moderate cytotoxic effect. It is a rich source of various potential phytochemicals and is a simple, rapid, stable and cost effective method for nano based medical applications.
A report on chromosomal translocation types in relation to male infertility

Introduction: Male infertility (MI) in about 50% of couples is constituted due to genetic, hormonal, and epigenetic factors. Almost 10% of it is contributed to genetic anomalies. Objectives: This study was undertaken in 787 males with infertility and the impacts of the type of translocations in these cases were studied in relation to MI. Materials and Methods: Five milliliters (ml) of blood were drawn from referred cases suspected with MI and were used for cytogenetic analysis with Giemsa stain following International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature. Results: Of 6142 referral cases, 787 were detected with MI (787/6142; 12.8%). Forty-four translocations (44/787; 5.6%) were detected in 787 infertile men. Other chromosomal abnormalities were 21% (167/787) in them. Among all translocations, an autosome-autosomal translocations were higher in frequency (24/787; 3.1%) than Robertsonian (15/787; 1.9%) and autogonosomal translocations (5/787; 0.6%). Few translocations seemed to be rare as our knowledge is concerned. Maharashtra had high frequency of translocations followed by Delhi union territory (UT) and Gujarat (07 each) and other states. Most of the translocations were related to infertility. Seven males had primary infertility (7/44) and six with secondary type (6/44) in this study. Conclusions: These reciprocal translocations are important in causation of infertility affecting testicular spermatogenesis. Few are rare in our study. Such cases are clinically suggested for counseling before adopting assisted reproductive technologies.
Reanalysis‐driven multi‐RCM high‐resolution simulation of precipitation within CORDEX East Asia Phase II

Under the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment‐East Asia second phase (CORDEX‐EA‐II) framework, the performances of three regional climate models (RCMs), including Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, RegCM4 and Consortium for Small‐Scale Modelling model in Climate Mode (CCLM), in simulating the climatic distribution, diurnal variation and extremes of precipitation during 1989–2009 are evaluated. The RCMs are driven by the ERA‐Interim reanalysis and the evaluation is based on both the gridded gauge‐based and the satellite‐derived precipitation data. In general, the RCMs can reproduce the spatial pattern of the mean daily precipitation, with the spatial correlations (SCORs) larger than 0.66, and CCLM has the lowest root‐mean‐square error over East Asia. For the diurnal cycle of precipitation, WRF outperforms the other two RCMs despite the peak time about 3 hr ahead in some areas. RegCM4 overestimates the amplitude of the diurnal curve, and CCLM has limited ability to simulate the diurnal variation over most areas. All the three RCMs can reproduce the spatial patterns of the extreme indices, with the SCORs larger than 0.57. WRF and CCLM perform the best for the frequency of wet days (R1mm) and moderate rain (R20mm), respectively. The intensity indices are overestimated over most land areas, with relatively higher SCORs in WRF and relatively lower biases in RegCM4. The consecutive wet days (CWD) can be well simulated by WRF and CCLM; however, RegCM4 overestimates it over most regions in East Asia. The overestimation of the extreme intensity and frequency indices may be related to the higher water vapour content and the weaker water vapour divergence in the lower layer, as well as the higher mid‐layer geopotential height, especially in CCLM.
Relationship-based practice and digital technology in child and family social work: Learning from practice during the COVID-19 pandemic

Vital services provided by social workers to children in care or on the edge of care were largely delivered “online” during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper explores the potential impact of these changes on vulnerable children and their families. Relationship-based practice is integral to social work and the shift to digital communication during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to accelerated practice changes and implications for relationship building both with and between service users. Going forward, social workers and other professionals are likely to move to an increasingly hybrid model of communication, combining both digital and face-to-face methods. This article identifies the impact of digital communication on relationships in professional practice, drawing on three studies of digital communication in the UK carried out at the University of East Anglia. The first considered how child protection social workers responded to the challenges of COVID-19, the second looked at how children in care were keeping in touch with their birth families and the third focused on the approaches being taken to moving children from foster care to adoptive families. Five themes related to relationships were identified across all three studies: the significance of the age and developmental stage of the child; the frequency of contact and communication; digital literacy/exclusion; the impact of the lack of sensory experience; and the importance of the relationship history. The article concludes with implications for utilising digital methods in building and maintaining relationships in practice and highlights the need to consider both the inner and outer worlds of those involved.
The relationship between urethral sphincter mechanism incompetency and lower back pain: Positing a novel treatment for urinary incontinence in dogs

Background: In humans, multiple researchers have not only determined that there is a relationship between urinary incontinence (UI) and lower back pain (LBP), but that by treating the LBP, clinicians are able to improve or resolve the UI. Up until now, no equivalent canine research has investigated whether treatment of LBP can improve the clinical signs of acquired, non-neurologic UI in dogs. Aim: To determine if a relationship exists between LBP and urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) in dogs. Methods: Review of medical records of all patients that presented to Points East West Veterinary Services with a history of naturally occurring acquired UI from May 2013 to December 2019. Thirty-nine patients treated for LBP using combined acupuncture and manual therapy, and 33/39 patients that also received concurrent photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, qualified for this study. Results: Treated patients showed a statistically significant reduction in both the frequency (p < 0.01) and volume (p < 0.01) of UI episodes. Treatment responses ranged from no improvement, to complete resolution of the USMI clinical signs. Conclusion: The reduction of USMI clinical signs following LBP treatment suggests a relationship between these two conditions. Combined acupuncture, manual therapy, with or without PBM was shown to be an effective treatment for USMI. By corollary, USMI incontinence should be considered a potential pain symptom.
Atmospheric Processing at the Sea‐Land Interface Over the South China Sea: Secondary Aerosol Formation, Aerosol Acidity, and Role of Sea Salts

Sea salts act as an important medium for atmospheric processing. One intensive field campaign in the September–October period of 2019 was conducted at a subtropical coastal site over the South China Sea. Unexpected high concentrations of acidic gaseous precursors were observed, yielding high sulfate in PM2.5. Na+ ranked as the third highest inorganic species, about half of NH4+. Significant cation deficiency was found due to the ammonia‐poor environment. Diel patterns of most air pollutants from land breeze were stronger than that from marine breeze and presented pronounced unimodal distributions, which were ascribed to complex chemical processing mixed with regional transport. Thermodynamic equilibrium model (ISORROPIA II) simulation revealed sea salts could be internally mixed with fine particle secondary species and suggested evident multiphase reactions on sea salts. The simulated aerosol pH reached as low as 1.63 ± 0.50, which was related to high sulfate, insufficient alkaline species, and low aerosol liquid water content. During a continuous sea breeze episode, SO42− was underpredicted by 2.89 ± 3.85 μg m−3 if Na+ was not considered in ISORROPIA simulation. The retrieved Na+ ‐related ion pairs (NaCl, NaHSO4, and Na2SO4) accounted for about one‐fourth of the total inorganic aerosols. This study highlighted that intense atmospheric processing on sea salts occurred in fine particles and the mixing state between sea salts and other aerosol species should be considered in aerosol acidity prediction and secondary aerosol formation in coastal regions.