Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FUSE observations of V592 Cas: the continuing enigma of orbitally modulated spectral signatures of accretion disc winds

By exploiting Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) satellite time-series data, we have probed the relation between accretion disc geometry and bipolar outflow in the low-inclination, nova-like cataclysmic variable (CV) V592 Cas. Our results show that the outflow is strictly modulated on the orbital period and not on the (negative or positive) superhump periods of this system. This implies that the precession of either the disc eccentricity or its tilt is not directly affecting the structure and global dynamics of the outflow. The principal variability in the ultraviolet resonance lines is characterized by Doppler shifts of the entire blueward absorption troughs, in concert for a range of low- and high-ionization cases. The repetitive behaviour is asymmetric and highly non-sinusoidal over the orbital cycle of the system. The disc wind characteristics derived here allow V592 Cas to be added to a growing number of non-magnetic CVs which exhibit orbitally modulated wind variability. The origin of the departure in axisymmetry, which has to be fixed in the binary star frame, remains to be established.
Utilizing hopfield neural networks in the analysis of reluctance motors

Reluctance motors are currently being used widely in different applications. Sometimes, the rotor inherent saliency may introduce some difficulty in pursuing an analytical solution to the motor electromagnetic field problem. In this paper, Hopfield artificial neural networks are used to minimize the air-gap magnetic energy function. Thus, a numerical electromagnetic field solution is obtained automatically. Performance of the motor may then be computed from the obtained field solution. Simulations for a motor having typical dimensions are presented in the paper. It is found that the results of these simulations are in full agreement with reported results as well as well known theoretical aspects.
Turbulent transfer mechanisms in the atmospheric surface layer

The objective of this study was to investigate the turbulent transfer mechanism near the surface. ‘Direct’ measurements of the turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat, and moisture were made in the atmospheric surface layer 2 m above a grass surface at Ladner, Canada. The spectral correlation coefficients were considered to be a measure of the transfer efficiency as a function of scale size. For momentum transfer the efficiency decreased at all scales as instability increased. It is postulated that this was due to greater amounts of momentum being transferred in bursts of short duration, thus making the spectral correlation coefficient, averaged over sufficient time, smaller. The Ladner results for heat transfer showed that its transfer efficiency increased at all scales when instability increased. The ratio of the transfer efficiency of heat to that of momentum was greater than 1 for most scales, even for near neutral stratifications, and increased to between 2 and 3 for more unstable conditions. The efficiency of moisture transfer was usually smaller than that for heat transfer and was found to depend on the correlation between moisture fluctuations and those of temperature.
Resequencing of durian genomes reveals large genetic variations among different cultivars

Durian (Durio zibethinus), which yields the fruit known as the “King of Fruits,” is an important economic crop in Southeast Asia. Several durian cultivars have been developed in this region. In this study, we resequenced the genomes of three popular durian cultivars in Thailand, including Kradumthong (KD), Monthong (MT), and Puangmanee (PM) to investigate genetic diversities of cultivated durians. KD, MT, and PM genome assemblies were 832.7, 762.6, and 821.6 Mb, and their annotations covered 95.7, 92.4, and 92.7% of the embryophyta core proteins, respectively. We constructed the draft durian pangenome and analyzed comparative genomes with related species in Malvales. Long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences and protein families in durian genomes had slower evolution rates than that in cotton genomes. However, protein families with transcriptional regulation function and protein phosphorylation function involved in abiotic and biotic stress responses appeared to evolve faster in durians. The analyses of phylogenetic relationships, copy number variations (CNVs), and presence/absence variations (PAVs) suggested that the genome evolution of Thai durians was different from that of the Malaysian durian, Musang King (MK). Among the three newly sequenced genomes, the PAV and CNV profiles of disease resistance genes and the expressions of methylesterase inhibitor domain containing genes involved in flowering and fruit maturation in MT were different from those in KD and PM. These genome assemblies and their analyses provide valuable resources to gain a better understanding of the genetic diversity of cultivated durians, which may be useful for the future development of new durian cultivars.
Relationships of First-Trimester Body Mass Index and Weight Change with Persistent Organic Pollutant Concentrations in Pregnant Canadian Individuals

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic chemicals with demonstrable effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. The associations of early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and antenatal weight changes with circulating POP concentrations are poorly understood in the Canadian context. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between maternal BMI in the first trimester, weight change from pre-pregnancy to 6–13 weeks of pregnancy, and first-trimester plasma POP concentrations among Canadian pregnant women. We analyzed data collected as part of the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study and evaluated POP concentrations based on first-trimester BMI and early gestational weight change categories. We tested for overall differences using Kruskal-Wallis tests. The associations between first-trimester maternal BMI, weight change, and plasma concentrations of 41 POPs were evaluated using censored regression models. After controlling for potential confounders, first-trimester plasma levels of multiple POPs differed significantly across BMI categories, with the highest concentrations in underweight/normal-weight individuals and the lowest in class III obese individuals. Our findings provide preliminary evidence of higher circulating POP levels in individuals with obesity and align with previous findings of an inverse relationship between circulating POP concentrations and BMI in pregnancy. Future studies should prospectively evaluate the interplay between weight change and POP concentrations throughout pregnancy to inform gestational weight gain recommendations for pregnant individuals with obesity.
SAW propagation on proton-exchanged lithium niobate

A novel method using only the easily measured velocity of SAWs (surface acoustic waves) is demonstrated for determination of elastic constants of anisotropic layers on arbitrarily anisotropic and piezoelectric substrates. The elastic constants and propagation properties of any nonpiezoelectric isotropic, cubic, or even trigonal layer on an arbitrarily anisotropic substrate can be determined with this method. The method was applied to proton-exchanged (PE) lithium niobate in order to determine its as yet unknown elastic constants. Dispersion curves and elastic stiffness constants of PE Y-cut LiNbO/sub 3/ have been evaluated. The results are reliable for waveguides fabricated in diluted melts containing 0.25-2.00 mol. % lithium benzoate. Using the obtained elastic-stiffness constants, SAW propagation properties such as power flow, diffraction, and strain distribution can be analyzed in order to achieve sophisticated design of guided SAW and acoustooptic devices based on PE:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides. <<ETX>>
A comparison of multirate robust track-following control synthesis techniques for dual-stage and multi-sensing servo systems in hard disk drives

This paper presents the design and analysis of multirate robust track-following controllers for a dual-stage servo system with a MEMS microactuator (MA) and an instrumented suspension. Two major categories of controller design methodologies are considered. The first is based on sequential single-input single-output (SISO) design techniques, and includes the sensitivity decoupling (SD) method and the PQ method. High rate inner loop damping control is implemented followed by a low rate outer loop controller. The second category is based on multirate, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) design techniques, including mixed H2/Hinfin, mixed H2/mu and robust H2 synthesis. In this case, a set of controllers are designed all at once by explicitly considering plant uncertainty and hence robust stability. Comparisons are made between these design techniques in terms of nominal H2 performance, robust stability, and robust performance. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods are discussed, as well as the guidelines for practical implementation
The interaction of three facets of concrete thinking in a game of chance

The ratio-bias (RB) phenomenon refers to the perceived likelihood of a low-probability event as greater when it is presented in the form of larger (e.g. 10-in-100) rather than smaller (e.g. 1-in-10) numbers. According to cognitive-experiential self-theory (CEST), the RB effect in a game of chance in a win condition, in which drawing a red jellybean is rewarded, can be accounted for by two facets of concrete thinking, the greater comprehension (at the intuitive-experiential level) of single numbers than of ratios, and of smaller than of larger numbers. In a lose condition, in which drawing a red jellybean is punished, the assumption of a third facet of concrete thinking, the “affirmative-representation principle”, is necessary, as many participants reverse their focus of attention from the undesirable red to the desirable white jellybeans. Results supported the CEST explanation of the RB effect by demonstrating a predicted negative linear relation between the magnitude of the RB effect and the magnitude of.
Clinical effect of surgical resection on primary malignant and invasive bone tumours of the proximal fibula

There is no unified surgical plan for fibular proximal malignant tumours; therefore, the present study retrospectively analysed the medical records of 19 patients with primary malignant and invasive tumours in the proximal fibula and discussed the postoperative oncological results, complications and postoperative functions of limb salvage surgery. According to pathological classification, there were 10 osteosarcoma cases, 3 chondrosarcoma cases, 2 invasive giant cell osteosarcoma tumour cases, 1 epithelioid sarcoma case, 1 leiomyosarcoma case, 1 fibrosarcoma case and 1 lymphoma case. According to the Enneking instalment, IB stage was found in 2 cases, IIA in 2 cases and IIB in 15 cases. A total of 3 patients underwent Malawer I resection, and 16 patients underwent Malawer II resection. The follow-up period was 11-174 months, with an average of 76.58 months. Local recurrence occurred in three patients and distant metastasis in seven patients; 4 patients succumbed and 15 survived. After biceps femoris tendon reconstruction and lateral collateral ligament insertion, 18 patients had good knee stability. The Musculoskeletal Tumour Society scale ranged between 23 and 29 points, with an average of 27.26 points; the Lysholm Knee Score was 65-84 points, with an average of 83 points. After the resection of proximal fibula primary and invasive tumours, the biceps femoris tendon and lateral collateral ligament insertion point was reconstructed. The data show that this technique can effectively reconstruct stability and restore knee function.
Estimating downward clear sky long‐wave irradiance at the surface from screen temperature and precipitable water

This paper presents two parametrizations of the downward clear sky long‐wave irradiance at the surface of the earth in terms of screen temperature and precipitable water. The first parametrization is based on a simple physical model, while the second is an extension of Swinbank's model by the addition of a term involving precipitable water. The parametrizations achieve standard deviations of approximately 5 W m−2 when compared with detailed radiative‐transfer calculations for temperature and moisture profiles in the TOVS Initial Guess Retrieval data set. Both models are more accurate than Swinbank's model, and other published models that are expressed in terms of the screen temperature and surface vapour pressure.
Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Trajectory Imitation Using Static Output Feedback Control

This article studies the trajectory imitation control problem of linear systems suffering external disturbances and develops a data-driven static output feedback (OPFB) control-based inverse reinforcement learning (RL) approach. An Expert-Learner structure is considered where the learner aims to imitate expert’s trajectory. Using only measured expert’s and learner’s own input and output data, the learner computes the policy of the expert by reconstructing its unknown value function weights and thus, imitates its optimally operating trajectory. Three static OPFB inverse RL algorithms are proposed. The first algorithm is a model-based scheme and serves as basis. The second algorithm is a data-driven method using input-state data. The third algorithm is a data-driven method using only input–output data. The stability, convergence, optimality, and robustness are well analyzed. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to verify the proposed algorithms.
Orientation of quantum Cayley trees and applications

Abstract We introduce the quantum Cayley graphs associated to quantum discrete groups and study them in the case of trees. We focus in particular on the notion of quantum ascending orientation and describe the associated space of edges at infinity, which is an outcome of the non-involutivity of the edge-reversing operator and vanishes in the classical case. We end with applications to Property AO and K-theory.
SERENDIPITOUS DETECTION OF X-RAY EMISSION FROM THE HOT BORN-AGAIN CENTRAL STAR OF THE PLANETARY NEBULA K 1–16

We report the serendipitous detection of point-like X-ray emission from the hot, PG1159-type central star of the planetary nebula (CSPN) K 1–16 by the XMM-Newton and Chandra X-Ray Observatories. The CSPN lies superimposed on a galaxy cluster that includes an X-ray-bright quasar, but we have successfully isolated the CSPN X-ray emission from the strong diffuse background contributed by the quasar and intracluster gas. We have modeled the XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray data, taking advantage of the contrasting detection efficiencies of the two observatories to better constrain the low-energy spectral response of Chandra's Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer. We find that the CSPN X-ray spectrum is well characterized by the combination of a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium model atmosphere with T⋆ ∼ 135 kK and a carbon-rich, optically thin thermal plasma with TX ∼ 1 MK. These results for X-ray emission from the K 1–16 CSPN, combined with those obtained for other PG1159-type objects, lend support to the “born-again” scenario for Wolf–Rayet and PG1159 CSPNe, wherein a late helium shell flash dredges up carbon-rich intershell material and ejects this material into the circumstellar environment.
Characterizing structure connectivity correlation with the default mode network in Alzheimer's patients and normal controls

Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a kind of effective measure to do non-invasive investigation on brain fiber structure at present. Studies of fiber tracking based on DTI showed that there was structural connection of white matter fiber among the nodes of resting-state functional network, denoting that the connection of white matter was the basis of gray matter regions in functional network. Nevertheless, relationship between these structure connectivity regions and functional network has not been clearly indicated. Moreover, research of fMRI found that activation of default mode network (DMN) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) was significantly descended, especially in hippocampus and posterior cingulated cortex (PCC). The relationship between this change of DMN activity and structural connection among functional networks needs further research. In this study, fast marching tractography (FMT) algorithm was adopted to quantitative calculate fiber connectivity value between regions, and hippocampus and PCC which were two important regions in DMN related with AD were selected to compute white matter connection region between them in elderly normal control (NC) and AD patient. The fiber connectivity value was extracted to do the correlation analysis with activity intensity of DMN. Results showed that, between PCC and hippocampus of NC, there exited region with significant high connectivity value of white matter fiber whose performance has relatively strong correlation with the activity of DMN, while there was no significant white matter connection region between them for AD patient which might be related with reduced network activation in these two regions of AD.
Advancing Precision Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and life-threatening cause of respiratory failure. Despite decades of research, there are no effective pharmacologic therapies to treat this disease process and mortality remains high. The shortcomings of prior translational research efforts have been increasingly attributed to the heterogeneity of this complex syndrome, which has led to an increased focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying the interpersonal heterogeneity of ARDS. This shift in focus aims to move the field towards personalized medicine by defining subgroups of ARDS patients with distinct biology, termed endotypes, to quickly identify patients that are most likely to benefit from mechanism targeted treatments. In this review, we first provide a historical perspective and review the key clinical trials that have advanced ARDS treatment. We then review the key challenges that exist with regards to the identification of treatable traits and the implementation of personalized medicine approaches in ARDS. Lastly, we discuss potential strategies and recommendations for future research that we believe will aid in both understanding the molecular pathogenesis of ARDS and the development of personalized treatment approaches.
Distributed optimal control of the viscous Burgers equation via a Legendre pseudo‐spectral approach

This paper presents a computational technique based on the pseudo‐spectral method for the solution of distributed optimal control problem for the viscous Burgers equation. By using pseudo‐spectral method, the problem is converted to a classical optimal control problem governed by a system of ordinary differential equations, which can be solved by well‐developed direct or indirect methods. For solving the resulting optimal control problem, we present an indirect method by deriving and numerically solving the first‐order optimality conditions. Numerical tests involving both unconstrained and constrained control problems are considered. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why Are Tropical Cyclone Tracks over the Western North Pacific Sensitive to the Cumulus Parameterization Scheme in Regional Climate Modeling? A Case Study for Megi (2010)

AbstractThe Weather Research and Forecasting Model is employed to simulate Tropical Cyclone (TC) Megi (2010) using the Grell–Devenyi (GD) and Betts–Miller–Janjic (BMJ) cumulus parameterization schemes, respectively. The TC track can be well reproduced with the GD scheme, whereas it turns earlier than observations with the BMJ scheme. The physical mechanism behind different performances of the two cumulus parameterization schemes in the TC simulation is revealed. The failure in the simulation of the TC track with the BMJ scheme is attributed to the overestimation of anvil clouds, which extend far away from the TC center and reach the area of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). Such extensive anvil clouds, which result from the excessively deep convection in the eyewall, eventually lead to a large bias in microphysics latent heating. The warming of the upper troposphere due to the condensation in anvil clouds coupled with the cooling of the lower troposphere due to precipitation evaporation cause a.
Circumstellar features in hot DA white dwarfs

We present a phenomenological study of highly ionized, non-photospheric absorption features in high spectral resolution vacuum ultraviolet spectra of 23 hot DA white dwarfs. Prior to this study, four of the survey objects (Feige 24, REJ 0457−281, G191−B2B and REJ 1614−085) were known to possess these features. We find four new objects with multiple components in one or more of the principal resonance lines: REJ 1738+665, Ton 021, REJ 0558−373 and WD 2218+706. A fifth object, REJ 2156−546, also shows some evidence of multiple components, though further observations are required to confirm the detection. We discuss possible origins for these features including ionization of the local interstellar environment, the presence of material inside the gravitational well of the white dwarf, mass loss in a stellar wind and the existence of material in an ancient planetary nebula around the star. We propose ionization of the local interstellar medium as the origin of these features in G191−B2B and REJ 1738+665, and demonstrate the need for higher-resolution spectroscopy of the sample, to detect multiple interstellar medium velocity components and to identify circumstellar features that may lie close to the photospheric velocity.
Gut Microbiome and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Link Yet to Be Disclosed

Τhe importance of the gut microbiome and its functions has only recently been recognized and researched in greater depth. The establishment of the human gut microbiome begins in utero, forming its adult-like phenotype in the first 2–3 years of life. Several factors affect and alter the gut microbiome composition and its metabolic functions, such as early onset of breastfeeding, mode of delivery, antibiotic administration, or exposure to chemical substances, among others. Existing data support the important connection between health status and gut microbiome homeostasis. In cases when this balance is disturbed, several disorders may arise, such as inflammatory reactions that lead to atopy, eczema, or allergic asthma. The so-called gut-brain axis refers to the complex biochemical pathways between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal system. One of the most fascinating areas of ongoing research is the broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and how gut health may be associated with such disorders. The prevalence of NDDs, such as autism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, has increased over recent years. Whether gut microbiota homeostasis plays a role in these disorders is not yet fully understood. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an account of current knowledge on how gut health is linked with these disorders. We performed a literature review in order to identify and synthesize available data that highlights the potential association between NDDs and a balanced gut microbiome in terms of composition and proper function. The connection between the gut microbiome and NDDs offers promising new opportunities for future research.