Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of natural flow and temperature and introduced brown trout on the temporal variation in native fish abundance in a “reference” stream

Understanding what drives variation in fish abundance at reference sites provides perspective for assessing the effects of human alterations to river flow and land use. We examined temporal variation in fish community abundance in a headwater tributary of a large river in the upper South Island (New Zealand) over 10 years. We were interested in the influence of natural flow variation and temperature on native fish abundance within the context of potential competition/predation pressure from juvenile introduced trout. Results from biannual sampling highlighted the dominating influence of floods on fish population dynamics, overriding biotic effects. We found no evidence for adverse effects of trout on native fish, and flow-related habitat performed more poorly in explaining variation in fish abundance than low- and median-flow statistics. Differences in temporal variation in abundance between species were largely consistent with life histories that provide resistance and (or) resilience to flood flows and relative insensitivity to low flows. Long-term data (≥10 years) are needed for detecting meaningful trends and quantifying the effects of human activities on fish community abundance.
Termites in the Canberra Region

This second edition reflects the changing emphasis in termite identification and control. The first step in coping with termites is still the location and treatment of their nests but there is greater emphasis on barrier treatments to exclude them from buildings, and the need to install barriers during construction no matter where the building is sited.This book is well illustrated with black and white photographs and the text carefully discusses control and precautions necessary for all buildings. While referring to the Canberra region and south coast of NSW, the lessons to be learned will be valuable to any region with termite problems.
Evaluate in-vitro efficacy of different fungicides against the collar rot of elephant foot yam caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

In the present study, Six fungicides were evaluated in vitro against the test fungus (Sclerotium rolfsii) by using poisoned food technique (Nene and Thapliyal, 1983) [4]. Potato Dextrose Agar medium was used as basal medium. Three replications per treatment were maintained. Among the fungicides, propiconazole and Metalaxyl + mancozeb at (0.1%), mancozeb (0.25%) totally inhibited mycelial growth and sclerotia formation of pathogen.
Neuromuscular Controller Models for Quantifying Standing Balance in Older People: A Systematic Review

Objective quantification of the balancing mechanisms in humans is strongly needed in health care of older people, yet is largely missing among current clinical balance assessment methods. Hence, the main goal of this literature review is to identify methods that have the potential to meet that need. We searched in the PubMed and IEEE Xplore databases using predefined criteria, screened 1064 articles, and systematically reviewed and categorized methods from 73 studies that deal with identification of neuromuscular controller models of human upright standing from empirical data. These studies were then analyzed with the particular aim to understand to what degree such methods would be useful solutions for assessing the balance of older individuals aged above 60 years. The 16 studies that included an older subject population were especially examined with this in mind. The majority of the reviewed articles focused on research questions related to the general function of human balance control rather than clinical applicability. Further efforts need to be made to adapt these methods for more accessible and mobile technologies and to ensure that the outcomes are valid for balance assessment of a general older population.
The Proteome Response of Salt-Sensitive Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Genotype to Salt Stress

Productivity of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), the third most important oilseed crop, was reduced more than other crops under the salt stress higher than the threshold. Thus, breeding, especially at seedling stage, seems necessary. Plants under salt stress, by synthesis of essential metabolites, specific structural proteins or enzymes of metabolic pathways deal with the stress. To identify the molecular mechanisms of salt responsiveness in rapeseed, ‘Option500’ a salt-sensitive genotype was exposed to 0, 150, and 300mM NaCl during the seedling stage. An increase in proline and the Na+ content of leaf and a reduction in shoot dry weight, plant height, K+ content and K+/Na+ ratio were observed. Protein expression changes were examined by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Out of 110 protein spots identified by 2-DE gels, 37 spots showed significant abundant changes based on induction factor (IF), and 7 spots were recognized significantly at 5% probability level, which 1 and 6 spots were up and down-regulated, respectively. By using LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry analysis, proteins were identified which are involved in energy production and photosynthesis. Activity of enzymes involved in energy production decreased under stress, while the abundance of Phosphoribulokinase (PRK) -an important enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway- increased.
Constrained Event-Triggered H∞ Control Based on Adaptive Dynamic Programming With Concurrent Learning

In this article, an event-triggered $H_{\infty }$ control method is proposed based on adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) with concurrent learning for unknown continuous-time nonlinear systems with control constraints. First, a system identification technique based on neural networks (NNs) is adopted to identify completely unknown systems. Second, a critic NN is employed to approximate the value function. A novel weight updating rule is developed based on the event-triggered control law and time-triggered disturbance law, which reduces controller execution times and guarantees the stability of the system. Subsequently, concurrent learning is applied to the weight updating rule to relax the demand for the traditional persistence of excitation condition that is difficult to implement online. Finally, the comparison between the time-triggered method and event-triggered method in simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed constrained event-triggered ADP method.
Seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine brucellosis in the province of Djelfa (ALGERIA)

In order to determine the prevalence of bovine brucellosis and the factors affecting its persistence in the province of Djelfa (Algeria), a sero-epidemiological study was carried out on a total of 10827 cattle (7346 females and 3481 males) during the decade from 2004 to 2013. The sera were screened by card agglutination test, and the positive samples were confirmed by the complement fixation test. Some factors (year, age, breed and sex) were considered. Results found an average prevalence of brucellosis during these ten years of 1.4% with a highly significant difference according to year and sex (P Lass Than 0.05). A prevalence of 1.58% for females against a prevalence of 1.03% for males was observed. No significant difference was observed for the different age groups (P>0.05) in the seroprevalence of brucellosis. A higher prevalence of infection (1.53%) was found in imported breeds compared to local and cross breeds with (1.39%) and (1.35%) respectively. The effect of the breed is highly significant (P Lass Than 0.05). In conclusion the bovine brucellosis persists in the province of Djelfa and it is necessary to implement a scheme to fight and prevent this infection.
Analysis of methyl parathion in tilapia filets using a simple solid phase extraction clean-up and GC-NPD Análise de paration metílico em filés de tilápia utilizando clean-up com cartucho de extração em fase sólida e CG-NPD

Summary A simple and efficient procedure is presented for the analysis of methyl parathion in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) filet. A C18 solid phase extraction clean-up and a gas-chromatography with NPD detection was used. The methods indicated no significant matrix effect as verified by the recovery efficiency. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.024 and 0.080 µg. g –1 , respectively. The method was successfully applied for the analyses of methyl parathion in fishes subjected to FolisuperTM administration.
Examining the Development of Intercultural Maturity Among College Students

Abstract:Using comparative case study methods, we analyzed longitudinal data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education to examine if and how 23 college students' capacities for intercultural maturity (ICM) changed over the course of their college experiences. Those whose capacities increased often had immersion experiences wherein they were able to sustain contact across differences in culture and/or socially constructed identities. Moreover, they also had multiple experiences of exploring one socially constructed identity (e.g., race, class) that highlighted one domain of development (i.e., cognitive, intrapersonal, interpersonal). In contrast, participants who maintained, but did not increase or decrease, their capacities for ICM had experiences wherein they explored multiple socially constructed identities and cultures across all domains of development.
Wearable Ultrasound-Based Decoding of Simultaneous Wrist/Hand Kinematics

The advancement in artificial hands challenges the development of human–machine interface. In this study, we present a wearable ultrasound-based interface for decoding simultaneous and proportional (SP) wrist/hand kinematics. Different from traditional velocity-based SP control, this study focuses on position-based SP control that aligns with human proprioception. Results show that simultaneous wrist rotation and hand closing can be accurately decoded from ultrasound, albeit using a contralateral training scheme. Comparative analysis shows that the performance of ultrasound is significantly better than the prevailing surface electromyography. Moreover, it has potential to predict simultaneous multi-degree-of-freedom (DoF) wrist/hand kinematics using single-DoF training by a linearly enhanced training strategy. This is the first study to achieve SP position control via ultrasound, paving the way for the intuitive interaction with future prosthetic devices.
Response of sweet potato to different levels of fertilizers and Novel

A field experiment was laid out at AICRP on Tuber Crops, Regional Horticultural Research Station (RHRS), Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari on sweet potato cv. Bhukanti during Rabi, 2017-18. The experiment was arranged over 12 treatment combinations comprising, 3 levels of RDF (F1: 100% RDF, F2: 80% RDF and F3: 60% RDF) and 4 levels of spraying 2% Novel (S1: No spray, S2: spraying 2% Novel at 30 and 45 DAP, S3: Spraying 2% Novel at 30, 45 and 60 DAP and S4: spraying 2% Novel at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAP) which was laid out in a randomized block design (with factorial concept) and replicated thrice. Application of 100% RDF (F1) recorded higher average tuber weight of 186.87 g with minimum number of tuberous roots (3.03) and statistically remained at par with F2 treatment. Other yield parameters did not show significant effect due to different levels of fertilizers. Maximum tuber yield (0.513 kg vine-1) and average tuber weight (189.69 g) was obtained in S4 treatment (spraying 2% Novel at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAP) and statistically remained at par with S3 treatment. Significantly higher total tuber yield (5.872 kg net plot-1 and 30.58 t ha-1), marketable tuber yield (4.867 kg net plot-1 and 25.35 t ha-1), and harvest index (46.14%) with lower number of tuberous roots (2.92) was recorded in the S4 treatment. F1 and S4 treatments recorded higher total sugars content of 2.62 per cent and 2.64 per cent, respectively.
AESMOTE: Adversarial Reinforcement Learning With SMOTE for Anomaly Detection

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) play a vital role in securing today's Data-Centric Networks. In a dynamic environment such as the Internet of Things (IoT), which is vulnerable to various types of attacks, fast and robust solutions are in demand to handle fast-changing threats and thus the ever-increasing difficulty of detection. In this paper, we present a novel framework for the detection of anomalies, which, in particular, supports intrusion detection. The anomaly-detection framework we propose combines reinforcement learning with class-imbalance techniques. Our goal is not only to exploit the auto-learning ability of the reinforcement-learning loop but also to address the dataset imbalance problem, which is pervasive in existing learning-based solutions. We introduce an adapted SMOTE to address the class-imbalance problem while remodelling the behaviors of the environment agent for better performance. Experiments are conducted on NSL-KDD datasets. Comparative evaluations and their results are presented and analyzed. Using techniques such as SMOTE, ROS, NearMiss1 and NearMiss2, performance measures obtained from our simulations have led us to recognize specific performance trends. In particular, the proposed model AESMOTE outperforms AE-RL in several cases. Experiment results show an Accuracy greater than 0.82 and a F1 greater than 0.824.
Redox reactions in cancer: impact and regulation

The reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction involves a change in the oxidation state of molecules where a molecule that donates an electron is oxidized and a molecule that accepts an electron is reduced. The NADPH oxidase of myeloid cells, NOX2, is a major source of oxidants in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are short-lived oxygen derivatives. NOX2-derived ROS have been ascribed a pivotal role in the elimination of pathogens and may be toxic also to host cells and tissues. ROS may also act as signaling molecules and thus regulate biological processes such as cell cycle proliferation, differentiation, cell death, blood vessel formation, and immunity. The purpose of this thesis was to contribute to the understanding of the impact and regulation of redox reactions in cancer with focus on the role of NOX2. The studies have comprised cells and animals that were genetically or pharmacologically deprived of NOX2 activity, and attempts were made to define the significance of the findings in a clinical setting. The results presented in paper I imply that ROS may inhibit the maturation of monocytes into antigen-presenting dendritic cells, which may favor tumor growth in vivo. Paper II reports that treatment of mice with the NOX2 inhibitor histamine dihydrochloride (HDC) resulted in reduced expansion and reduced immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Treatment of mice with HDC also improved the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors to reduce the growth of murine lymphoma and colon cancer. The results of paper III suggest that HDC, by targeting NOX2-derived ROS, promotes the differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells in vitro and in vivo, thus implying that the intrinsic formation of ROS by AML cells contributes to their malignant features. In paper IV it is reported that functional NOX2 is relevant to the induction of chronic myeloid leukemia by murine BCR-ABL1+ cells. In conclusion, these results support that NOX2 is a conceivable therapeutic target in cancer.
Were bivalves ecologically dominant over brachiopods in the late Paleozoic? A test using exceptionally preserved fossil assemblages

Abstract. Interpreting changes in ecosystem structure from the fossil record can be challenging. In a prominent example, the traditional view that brachiopods were ecologically dominant over bivalves in the Paleozoic has been disputed on both taphonomic and metabolic grounds. Aragonitic bivalves may be underrepresented in many fossil assemblages due to preferential dissolution. Abundance counts may further understate the ecological importance of bivalves, which tend to have more biomass and higher metabolic rates than brachiopods. We evaluate the relative importance of the two clades in exceptionally preserved, bulk-sampled fossil assemblages from the Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation of Kentucky, where aragonitic bivalves are preserved as shells, not molds. At the regional scale, brachiopods were twice as abundant as bivalves and were collectively equivalent in biomass and energy use. Analyses of samples from the Paleobiology Database that contain abundance counts are consistent with these results and show no clear trend in the relative ecological importance of bivalves during the middle and late Paleozoic. Bivalves were probably more important in Paleozoic ecosystems than is apparent in many fossil assemblages, but they were not clearly dominant over brachiopods until after the Permian–Triassic extinction, which caused the shelly benthos to shift from bivalve and brachiopod dominated to merely bivalve dominated.
Documentation of multiple species of marine fish trapped in Atlantic salmon sea-cages in Norway

The production of salmonids in sea-cages has been developed for monoculture of the target species. However, we show here for the first time, that wild fish may enter sea-cages used for farming of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway, out-grow the mesh size, and thereafter become permanently trapped. Within seven different sea-cages located in western Norway, eight different species of wild fish were identified; European eel (Anguilla anguilla ), sea trout (Salmo trutta L. ), cod (Gadus morhua ), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus ), saithe (Pollachius virens ), pollack (Pollachius pollachius ), hake (Merluccius merluccius ) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus ). In the two most extreme cases, a 5 × 5 × 7 m cage with 311 farmed salmon (903 g) also contained 542 whiting (79 g), 77 haddock (43 g), and 5 cod (26 g), and a 12 × 12 × 15 m cage with 1695 farmed salmon (559 g) also contained 1196 haddock (35 g), 1115 whiting (31 g), 46 cod (23 g), 23 saithe (48 g), 15 pollock (22 g), 5 sea trout (54 g), and 2 hake (29 g). The present study thus demonstrates that aquaculture cages designed for monoculture may attract and effectively ‘trap’ wild fish. We did not investigate the frequency of this occurrence, and the ecological significance of these observations remains unclear. However, with the ever-increasing number of sea-cages used for global aquaculture, this is clearly a topic for further research.
Geographic Links and Predictable Returns

Using establishment‐level data of U.S. public firms, we construct a novel measure of geographic linkage between firms. We show that the returns of geography‐linked firms have strong predictive power for focal firm returns and fundamentals. This effect is distinct from other cross‐firm return predictability and is not easily attributable to risk‐based explanations. It is more pronounced for focal firms that receive lower investor attention, are more costly to arbitrage, and during high sentiment periods. The cross‐firm information spillovers and return predictability are also stronger for geographic peers with economic linkages and with positive information. Our results are broadly consistent with sluggish price adjustment to nuanced geographic information.
Functional cross-talk between allosteric effects of activating and inhibiting ligands underlies PKM2 regulation

Allosteric regulation is central to the role of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in cellular metabolism. Multiple activating and inhibitory allosteric ligands regulate PKM2 activity by controlling the equilibrium between high activity tetramers and low activity dimers and monomers. However, it remains elusive how allosteric inputs upon simultaneous binding of different ligands are integrated to regulate PKM2 activity. Here, we show that, in the presence of the allosteric inhibitor L-phenylalanine (Phe), the activator fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) can induce PKM2 tetramerisation, but fails to maximally increase enzymatic activity. Guided by a new computational framework we developed to identify residues that mediate FBP-induced allostery, we generated two PKM2 mutants, A327S and C358A, in which activation by FBP remains intact but cannot be attenuated by Phe. Our findings demonstrate a role for residues involved in FBP-induced allostery in enabling the integration of allosteric input from Phe and reveal a mechanism that underlies the co-ordinate regulation of PKM2 activity by multiple allosteric ligands.
Real-time Forecasting of the COVID-19 Epidemic using the Richards Model in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

This paper discussed Real-time Forecasting of the COVID-19 Epidemic using daily cumulative cases of COVID-19 in South Sulawesi Our aim is to make model for the growth of COVID-19 cases in South Sulawesi in the top 5 provinces with the largest COVID-19 cases in Indonesia and predict when this pandemic reaches the peak of spread and when it ends This paper used the Richards model, which is an extension of a simple logistic growth model with additional scaling parameters Data used in the paper as of June 24, 2020 were taken from the official website of the Indonesian government Our results are that the maximum cumulative number of COVID-19 cases has reached 10,000 to 12,000 cases The peak of the pandemic is estimated to occur from June to July 2020 while continuing to impose social restrictions The condition in South Sulawesi shows a sloping curve around October 2020, which means that there are still additional cases but not significant When entering November, the curve starts to flat which indicates the addition of very small cases until the pandemic ends The results of the pandemic peak prediction are the same as the Indonesian data;what is different is the prediction of when the pandemic will end In the best-case scenario, the current data will tend to slow down, with the COVID-19 pandemic in South Sulawesi expected to end in November 2020 Our modeling procedure can provide information about the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in South Sulawesi that may facilitate real-time public health responses about future disease outbreaks © 2020 Tim Pengembang Jurnal UPI
Assessing the bacterial communities of sponges inhabiting the remote western Indian Ocean island of Mayotte

Marine sponges are known to host diverse and abundant communities of microbial symbionts. It has been generally assumed that the bacterial communities of low micro‐ bial abundance (LMA) sponges are less diverse than those of high microbial abundance (HMA) sponges. In this study, we used next‐generation sequencing technology to ex‐ plore the bacterial communities of several biotopes including sponges, seawater, and sediment from the remote Western Indian Ocean island of Mayotte. The species in‐ vestigated were the known LMA sponges: Jaspis splendens , Stylissa carteri, and Stylissa massa , and the known HMA sponges: Hyrtios erectus and Xestospongia testudinaria . In addition to this, we also investigated the following sponge species: Ectyoplasia coc‐ cinea, Paratetilla bacca, Liosina paradoxa, and Petrosia aff. spheroida of which the exact HMA/LMA status is unknown although we preliminarily classified them as HMA or LMA based on the status of closely related species. Certain HMA sponges shared simi‐ lar bacterial communities dominated by Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi, whereas an‐ other species ( E. coccinea ) had a bacterial community closer to that of LMA sponges. Most LMA sponges housed a bacteriome dominated by Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria, but the bacteriome of P. bacca also included dominant Chloroflexi and actinobacterial OTUs. Together with S. carteri , this sponge housed a more diverse bac‐ terial community at the phylum, class, and order levels than HMA sponges. Although certain LMA sponges housed a