Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-section periodicity of turbulent gravel-bed river flows

ABSTRACT: A 3D wide gravel-bed river flow is investigated usingADVP data from the Swiss river, Cham-beronne.The flow aspect ratio was W/h=23, and the relative roughness D 84 /h=0.324. The flow is mainly 3Dnear the most important bed forms and near the surface. Bed forms present a wave-like periodic pattern acrossthe section indicating the possible existence of streamwise ridges.All hydraulic characteristics of the flow, suchas bed shear, velocity deviations and turbulence production respond to the periodic riverbed morphology. Wedetected a permanent flow structure in the upper layer of the flow (z/h > 0.80), hereinafter called Surface LayerOrganized Motion (SLOM), also conditioned by the bed morphology: it consists of periodically distributedlow and high velocity regions across the section associated with a mass-compensation secondary motion.ThisSLOM seems be an inviscid flow response to the bed forms confined to the layer z/h > 0.80 due to a large-scaleroughness wake-effect.1 INTRODUCTIONWideriversaregenerallyconsideredtwo-dimensionalsince the bank influence is negligible. However, inthe presence of macro bed forms such as bouldersand gravel stripes, 2D approaches may no longer bevalid and three-dimensionality has to be considered.Recent studies provide some insight into differentfeatures of river flow dynamics: mean velocities, tur-bulence intensities, shear stresses, bed shear, frictionvelocity, roughness parameters and velocity spectra(Babaeyan-Koopaei et al. 2002); bed-load transportacross the river section (Powell et al. 1999); verti-cal distribution of turbulent energy dissipation andcharacteristicturbulentscales(NikoraSturbulence features between weakly mobile and fixedgravel bed cases (Nikora & Goring 2000); coherentstructures in rivers and their influence on transportand mixing (Buffin-Belanger et al. (2000); Hurtheret al. (2002)); turbulence in the wake of obstruc-tions (Buffin-Belanger & Roy 1998); flow structurespresent in gravel bed rivers (Roy et al. 2004). Two different regions in the water column havebeen found to be affected by 3D flow: an innerregion, the roughness layer (Nikora & Smart 1997),where wake effects from macro-roughness and skirt-ing effects around the gravel boulders produce devi-ations from the logarithmic profile (Robert et al.1992, Nelson et al. 1993, Baiamonte et al. 1995,Buffin-Belanger & Roy 1998); and an outer region(z/h
The Boundary Between the Prime Gaps and the Interchangeable Between a Quantum Mechanics System & a Classical Chaos One

With reference to my last paper, this author found that there are always some discrete quantum constants like the Planck’s one laying between the real and the imaginary parts of the Riemann function (I.e when we fix or group the Riemann Zeros one by one and make the real part to be varying.) or the quantum mechan-ics system. Hence, the Riemann Zeta Zeros give us the discrete quantum con-stants together with the given discrete quantum constants may give you the wanted Riemann Zeta Zeros. This phenomenon may be explained by Quantum Riemann Zeta Epiphancy. In the present paper, this author tries to fix or group the real part of the Riemann Zeros and make the imaginary part of the Riemann Zeros to be varying from one to the tenth one or resulting a chaos like graph. Thus, it seems that we may interchange a quantum mechanics system with the classical chaos one by just varying one variable and fix another one (such as varying real part of the Riemann function’s zeors from 0.1 to 1 and fix the imaginary part of the Rie-mann zeros one group after one another). Certainly, the vice versa for the fix of the real part (one group after another) with different Riemann Zeros may also help. In other words, the quantum mechanics system is just the conjugate pair (varying x and fixed y variables) of the classical chaos one or the vice versa is al-so true (fixed x and varying y variables) & put back into the Zeta functions etc. Hence, it is a method (or transformation) for us so that we may easily to make a interchange between these two systems by only adjusting or selecting which vari-ables to be varying or fixed. Then we may turn the classical chaos system into a quantum mechanics one or the vice versa. This implies that it may be possible to apply controllable quantum systems for the investigation of our natural aspects. Finally, this author have also shown that there is a boundary laying be-tween the prime gap through the elementary calculation and mathematical deriva-tion without using the computer software etc. It is thus a contradiction to the fact that there is no bound for the prime gap. This tells us that there is a need to have a shift from zero to 0.5 for the real part of the Riemann Zeta Zeros as what this author has mentioned in my last paper etc.
Anatomical Variations in the Branches of External Carotid Artery in Cadavers of Nepalese Origin

Introduction: Knowledge of the position and the variations of the external carotid artery and its branches are essential for faciomaxillary surgery and surgeries of the neck. The variations in the branching pattern are also essential to avoid complications with catheter insertion of carotid arteries in various procedures and pre-operative angiography. The external carotid artery is an important route for administration of anticancer drugs for head and neck cancer, so the knowledge of anatomy of branching pattern of external carotid artery is clinically important. Materials and Methods: Total 30 external carotid arteries were included in the present study. The dissection of the external carotid artery was carried in the dissection hall of the Anatomy Department, Manipal College of Medical Sciences. When all the branches and course of the external carotid artery was visible, variations was noted. The length of artery was measured with the help of thread, scale and vernier calliper. All the data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2007 software and represented as mean and standard deviation. Results: Average length of the external carotid artery from its origin by bifurcation of the common carotid artery to its termination is 8.1 cm on the right side and 8.0 cm on the left side. 40 % of the external carotid artery shows variations in the branching pattern on right side where as 53.4 % of external carotid artery shows variations on left side. Conclusion: The mean length of external carotid artery is more or less difference between right and left side. The prevalence of variations of external carotid artery was seen more on the left side as compared to the right side. The variations in the branching pattern of external carotid artery are important to the vascular surgeons as well as radiologists to prevent diagnostic errors and also to avoid complications while performing surgery in the head and neck region.
Brexit and coronavirus: financial perspectives and future prospects

The economic landscape of the UK has been significantly shaped by the intertwined issues of Brexit, COVID, and their interconnected impacts. The disruptions caused by Brexit and the COVID pandemic have created uncertainty and upheaval for both businesses and individuals. Whilst the effects of COVID are now receding, Brexit is still dominating headlines seven years after the referendum and is likely to do so for the foreseeable future. In this introduction, we provide an overview of the literature on Brexit. We review the reasons for leaving the European Union, as well examine the consequences of Brexit, with a focus on investment, economic growth, trade, unemployment, and financial markets. We then introduce the seven papers selected from the ‘Post Brexit: Uncertainty, Risk Measurement and Coronavirus Challenges Conference’ held at Birmingham Business School in June 2021, that advance the current literature on the effects of Brexit and COVID on the UK economy. Evidence in these papers suggests that Brexit and COVID are still clearly posing a severe strain on the UK’s economy. However, some papers suggest that not everything about Brexit has been detrimental, or at least certain sectors of the UK economy are displaying a marked resilience.
Seven Epidemic Waves of COVID-19 in a Hospital in Madrid: Analysis of Severity and Associated Factors

(1) Background: COVID-19 has evolved during seven epidemic waves in Spain. Our objective was to describe changes in mortality and severity in our hospitalized patients. (2) Method: This study employed a descriptive, retrospective approach for COVID-19 patients admitted to the Hospital de Fuenlabrada (Madrid, Spain) until 31 December 2022. (3) Results: A total of 5510 admissions for COVID-19 were recorded. The first wave accounted for 1823 (33%) admissions and exhibited the highest proportion of severe patients: 65% with bilateral pneumonia and 83% with oxygen saturation under 94% during admission and elevated levels of CRP, IL-6, and D-dimer. In contrast, the seventh wave had the highest median age (79 years) and comorbidity (Charlson: 2.7), while only 3% of patients had bilateral pneumonia and 3% required intubation. The overall mortality rate was 10.3%. The first wave represented 39% of the total. The variables related to mortality were age (OR: 1.08, 1.07–1.09), cancer (OR: 1.99, 1.53–2.60), dementia (OR: 1.82, 1.20–2.75), the Charlson index (1.38, 1.31–1.47), the need for high-flow oxygen (OR: 6.10, 4.94–7.52), mechanical ventilation (OR: 11.554, 6.996–19.080), and CRP (OR: 1.04, 1.03–1.06). (4) Conclusions: The variables associated with mortality included age, comorbidity, respiratory failure, and inflammation. Differences in the baseline characteristics of admitted patients explained the differences in mortality in each wave. Differences observed between patients admitted in the latest wave and the earlier ones suggest that COVID-19 has evolved into a distinct disease, requiring a distinct approach.
Connectivity Theory : A New Approach to Modeling Non-Archie Rocks

So-called Archie rocks are characterized by a resistivity index (RI) versus water saturation that plots as a straight line on log-log scale, the line's slope being equal to - n where n is the saturation exponent. All rocks for which the RI has curvature qualify as non-Archie rocks. This paper presents a relationship (equation 6) that links the true formation resistivity R to water saturation S w and formation porosity φ. This differs from Archie's equation in its simplest form by the introduction of a small term called "water connectivity correction index" (WCI) Χ w to correct for water connectivity effects. This term helps to stabilize the single exponent in the model called the conductivity exponent /< - equivalent to Archie's equation when n = m. Amethod to derive analytical expressions for Χ w for various formations is introduced. Effective medium theory is used with a modified CRIM mixing law to model the WCI as a function of conductive structures and fluid parameters in the rock. The model agrees with predictions of Waxman-Smits and Dual-Water models for shaly sands (concave down curves) as well as experimental data obtained on strongly oil-wet rocks (concave up curves). Connectivity theory also provides insight as to why so many rocks satisfy Archie's model.
Knowledge on Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV among Pregnant Women of Damak

The goal of the global intervention is to stop the spread of HIV from an HIV-positive mother to her unborn child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding. A significant issue with world health is HIV. In comparison to other age groups, the prevalence of HIV is highest among those who are in reproductive age groups globally. The main method of HIV transmission among children is now mother-to-child transmission. The main objective of the study is to assess the level of Knowledge on the Prevention of Mother-Child Transmission among Pregnant Women at Damak Hospital. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the ANC clinic of Damak Hospital from June 2 to June 15 in 2019. A complete enumerative sampling technique was used. The total sample size was 80. All the required information was collected through the interview schedule. The interview was taken by an investigator oneself in a face-to-face interview with the pregnant woman. Among 80 respondents, the mean age of the respondent was 25.84 years of which 42.5% were Primigravida and 57.5% of the respondents were Multigravida. Similarly, 37.5% of respondents had higher education and above. Most (76.3%) of respondents mentioned books as the major source of information. Among the studied respondent, 8.8% of the respondents have good knowledge, 58.8% have moderate knowledge and 32.4% have poor knowledge of PMTCT. The level of knowledge was statistically associated with occupation (p=0.04) whereas the level of knowledge was not associated with other socio-demographic variables: age groups, gravida. In this study, respondents have a moderate level of knowledge on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission and the level of knowledge was statistically associated with the occupation of respondents.
Assessment of durum wheat (Triticum durum) genotypes on grain filling parameters

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), a crucial crop in the Mediterranean basin, faces challenges due to drought, resulting in substantial yield losses. This study was carried out during the winter (rabi) season of 2020–2021 to determine the influence of grain filling parameters on individual grain weight variation and their relationship to yield components in 3 durum wheat genotypes (Boussellam, Oued El-Bared and GTA-dur) grown at 3 different locations with varying rainfall patterns under a semi-arid condition of Algeria. Samples were collected from each genotype on 9 different dates to assess grain number, dry weight and grain filling parameters. The experimental results revealed significant genotype effects on grain yield, 1000-kernel weight and most grain filling parameters across all 3 locations, except for the parameter SFR (supreme fill rate). Boussellam recorded higher grain yield, kernel weight and maximum final weight parameter (MFW) due to its longer grain filling duration and higher rate of grain filling. Linear regression analysis indicated decrease of 0.001 mg/day in the rate of grain filling led to a loss of 0.9527 mg in the maximum final weight. Correlation analysis highlighted the interdependence between the rate and grain filling duration, which varied across different environments and influenced dry-matter accumulation, ultimately led to higher grain yield.
Experimental tests of the endowment effect and the Coase theorem

This review summarizes the historical place of the seminal contribution of Kahneman et al. (1990), from origins to theory to catalyst of an entire area of scholarship. This new literature has produced evidence both in concert with the original KKT conclusions as well as evidence refuting certain insights from KKT. The general theme of my summary is that even imperfect papers can have deep impact, both within and outside the academy; a lesson that today's critics should consider as young experimentalists continue to fight the tyranny of the top 5.
Home/Community-Based Medical and Elderly Care Services Utilization in China: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Middle-Aged and Elderly Population

Few studies have analyzed the acceptance of home/community-based medical and elderly care services in China. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to describe the acceptance of five services among people aged ≥ 45 years in the China mainland, and their influencing factors. The data were obtained from the database China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2018. For each service, a binary logistics regression was adopted. A total of 9719 people were included, of whom 20.12% received services. The numbers of recipients (acceptance rates) of the five services, namely, comprehensive aged care services, regular physical examinations, onsite visits, health management, and entertainment, were 107 (1.10%), 1640 (16.87%), 323 (3.32%), 156 (1.61%), and 245 (2.52%), respectively. About 4% of people had received two or more services. The elderly aged 65–74 and those who were satisfied with the local medical services had higher acceptance of services. Urban hukou having health insurance, two or more chronic diseases, provincial economic welfare, and social welfare were positively associated with the acceptance of regular physical examination services. It is suggested that the government should gradually improve satisfaction with local medical services, and pay more attention to the needs of elderly people aged 65–74 for all kinds of home/community-based medical and elderly care services.
Advances of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived extracellular vesicles as a promising therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome: from bench to clinic

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute inflammatory lung injury characterized by diffuse alveolar damage. The period prevalence of ARDS was 10.4% of ICU admissions in 50 countries. Although great progress has been made in supportive care, the hospital mortality rate of severe ARDS is still up to 46.1%. Moreover, up to now, there is no effective pharmacotherapy for ARDS and most clinical trials focusing on consistently effective drugs have met disappointing results. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have spawned intense interest of a wide range of researchers and clinicians due to their robust anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and tissue regeneration properties. A growing body of evidence from preclinical studies confirmed the promising therapeutic potential of MSCs and their EVs in the treatment of ARDS. Based on the inspiring experimental results, clinical trials have been designed to evaluate safety and efficacy of MSCs and their EVs in ARDS patients. Moreover, trials exploring their optimal time window and regimen of drug administration are ongoing. Therefore, this review aims to present an overview of the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived EVs, therapeutic mechanisms for ARDS and research progress that has been made over the past 5 years.
Effects of Different Fermenting Agents on Proximate Composition and Sensory Evaluation of Masa - A Fermented Puff Fried Batter

Fermentation improves the shelf life, texture, taste and aroma, nutritional value and digestibility and also lowers the content of antinutrients of fermented meals. This study investigated the effect of different fermenting agents on the quality of masa. The rice grains were sorted, cleaned, washed and soaked, wet milled and fermented separately with baker’s yeast, lactic acid culture (yogourmet) and tsamiyan gaye (citric acid) respectively. The final batter was fried and package for analysis. The different fermenting agent had significant (p<0.05) effect on all parameters measured. Masa fermented with lactic acid bacteria culture (LAB) had the highest value of 9.25% 0.83%, 1.01% and 18.51% for protein, crude fibre ash and fat content respectively while yeast fermented masa had higher respective value of 21.46% and 50.12% for moisture and carbohydrate content. The pH of masa sample is within the r range of 3.76-5.57 and titritable acidity of 0.05-0.17. The sensory evaluation was carried out to assess the acceptability of the masa samples. However, all masa samples were generally accepted but baker’s yeast fermented masa had higher means scores for overall acceptability (7.40). Tsamiyan gaye (citric acid) and LAB culture can be used as an alternative to baker’s yeast for preparation of masa.
Region-Specific Homeostatic Identity of Astrocytes Is Essential for Defining Their Response to Pathological Insults

The transformation of astrocytes into reactive states constitutes a biological response of the central nervous system under a variety of pathological insults. Astrocytes display diverse homeostatic identities that are developmentally predetermined and regionally specified. Upon transformation into reactive states associated with neurodegenerative diseases and other neurological disorders, astrocytes acquire diverse reactive phenotypes. However, it is not clear whether their reactive phenotypes are dictated by region-specific homeostatic identity or by the nature of an insult. To address this question, region-specific gene expression profiling was performed for four brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus) in mice using a custom NanoString panel consisting of selected sets of genes associated with astrocyte functions and their reactivity for five conditions: prion disease, traumatic brain injury, brain ischemia, 5XFAD Alzheimer’s disease model and normal aging. Upon transformation into reactive states, genes that are predominantly associated with astrocytes were found to respond to insults in a region-specific manner. Regardless of the nature of the insult or the insult-specificity of astrocyte response, strong correlations between undirected GSA (gene set analysis) scores reporting on astrocyte reactivity and on their homeostatic functions were observed within each individual brain region. The insult-specific gene expression signatures did not separate well from each other and instead partially overlapped, forming continuums. The current study demonstrates that region-specific homeostatic identities of astrocytes are important for defining their response to pathological insults. Within region-specific populations, reactive astrocytes show continuums of gene expression signatures, partially overlapping between individual insults.
Current Trends in Music Performance Anxiety Intervention

Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a natural, emotional, and physiological response to the stress of public performance. Debilitating forms of MPA are severe and persistent reactions that go beyond the normal adaptive response to music evaluation situations and can negatively impact the quality of musical performance and the musician’s life in general. Today, it affects numerous professional performers and can result in an inability to practice their profession, posing a significant threat to their professional activity. Despite its scope, studies exploring this issue and contributing to its resolution are scarce. Thus, this review aims to compile the significant advancements made in the last five years (2018–2023) in the treatment of MPA from a scientific perspective. For this purpose, the PRISMA method was used based on the results obtained from the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Reviewed are 10 studies that have made valuable contributions to this matter in this time frame after applying the quality filters using the PRISMA method. It is concluded that, although there are methodological shortcomings and sample limitations in the current research, this field registers advancements that provide valuable information to prevent or solve this problem in professional or aspiring musicians.
Pediatric COVID-19 Pneumonia

SARS-CoV-2 virus caused a pandemic that started in 2020 and infections with the virus continue to the date of this review. Children have been infected by this virus, although with less severe clinical manifestations compared to adults. Children with underlying diseases, and obesity were more susceptible to severe disease. Pediatric infection with the virus resulted systemic manifestations in addition to pneumonia. In this article we review the mechanism of lung infections, clinical manifestations, ventilation abnormalities, diagnosis, and the role of imaging and the treatment options for COVID 19 pneumonia in children