Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Study Re Behavioral Root of Cultural-Historical Development: A Neo-Darwinian Stance

Introduction: No doubt, evolutionary psychologists are trying to enlighten personality and individual differences by way of various theories. But, essentially and from an evolutionary point of view, a few studies exist regarding personality characters. In the present assessment, relationship between obsessive-compulsive personality traits and achievement of people had been assessed. Method and Material: Four hundreds relatives, who had been elected randomly, have been questioned by means of a self-reply inquiry form as regards the existence of obsessive-compulsive personality traits, in their highest and lowest successful offspring. Data were analyzed by z test for comparison of proportions. Results: Except for ‘stubbornness’, all of traits were meaningfully more prevalent among the highest successful kids, in comparison with the lowest successful children. “Perfectionism’ was the most prevalent character among successful group, tagged along by ‘Rigidity regarding Morality and ethics’, ‘Orderliness and devoting to details’ and ‘Devoting to work and avoiding Leisure’. ‘Obligating others to submit his or her style of behavior’, ‘collecting objects and money’ and ‘parsimoniousness’, were the least prevalent qualities. Conclusion: Obsessive-compulsive traits, at a sensible level, seem to be one of the main interactive dynamics that may help people with regard to achievement of personal and social triumphs.
Handbook of Petroleum Product Analysis

Preface. Petroleum Analysis. Petroleum and Petroleum Products. Gases. Naphtha. Gasoline. Aviation Fuel. Kerosene. Diesel Fuel. Distillate Fuel Oil. Residual Fuel Oil. Mineral Oil (White Oil). Lubricating Oil. Grease. Wax. Asphalt. Coke. Conversion Factors. Glossary. Index.
Regional Geology of the Hypanis Valles System, Mars

We present a geomorphic map of the Hypanis Valles watershed and a geomorphic map of the Hypanis deposit region at its terminus. We mapped these two regions at different scales: 1:2,000,000 for the catchment map (−5° to 10°N and 300°–315°E) and 1:500,000 for the Hypanis deposit map (10°–13.0°N and 313°–316.5°E). Our mapping provides new morphologic insights beyond previous efforts which used lower spatial resolution data. We defined units based on morphology, albedo, thermal inertia, elevation, and spectral parameters. We propose that episodic volcanism and aqueous activity filled the Chryse basin from the early Noachian. Hypanis Valles was active during the Noachian, forming the Hypanis terminal deposits in the southern Chryse region. Hundreds of kilometer‐sized mounds and cones stratigraphically post‐date Hypanis fluvial deposition as these features appear to have erupted or effused through all other major map units. We propose sedimentary diapirism or mud volcanism may be responsible for these features, a hypothesis consistent with the compressional wrinkle ridge tectonism in a sedimentary basin. Future work could further investigate the formation of these cones and mounds and better assess their astrobiologic importance.
A simple, novel method for variable-hysteresis-band current control of a three phase inverter with constant switching frequency

A novel method for implementing a variable hysteresis band current controller is described which achieves constant switching frequency without requiring a precise knowledge of the motor parameters. The controller works by using feedback and feedback variables to create a variable hysteresis band envelope, and then compensating for the interaction between phase back-EMFs that occurs when the neutral of a three-phase motor is left floating. The controller has good dynamic and steady-state response, and its performance is substantially immune to variations in the inverter DC supply voltage and motor parameters. It can be readily implemented in hardware, and only requires a few additional components compared to a conventional hysteresis current controller. Analytical, hardware implementation, simulation, FFT (fast Fourier transform) analysis, and experimental results are presented. <<ETX>>
Cross-section dependence in nonstationary panel models: a novel estimator

This paper uses Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the impact of nonstationarity, parameter heterogeneity and cross-section dependence on estimation and inference in macro panel data. We compare the performance of standard panel estimators with that of our own two-step method (the AMG) and the Pesaran (2006) Common Correlated Effects (CCE) estimators in time-series panels with arguably similar characteristics to those encountered in empirical applications using cross-country macro data. The empirical model adopted leads to an identification problem in standard estimation approaches in the case where the same unobserved common factors drive the evolution of both dependent and independent variables. We replicate the design of two recent Monte Carlo studies on the topic (Coakley et al, 2006; Kapetanios et al, 2009), with results confirming that the Pesaran (2006) CCE approach as well as our own AMG estimator solve this identification problem by accounting for the unobserved common factors in the regression equation. Our investigation however also indicates that simple augmentation with year dummies can do away with most of the bias in standard pooled estimators reported --- a finding which is in stark contrast to the results from earlier empirical work we carried out using cross-country panel data for agriculture and manufacturing (Eberhardt & Teal, 2008; Eberhardt & Teal, 2009). We therefore introduce a number of additional Monte Carlo setups which lead to greater discrepancy in the results between standard (micro-)panel estimators and the novel approaches incorporating cross-section dependence. We further highlight the performance of the pooled OLS estimator with variables in first differences and speculate about the reasons for its favourable results.
Ambidexterity in Networks: The Effect of Pooling Knowledge From Different Network Structures

Firms within a network may interact in two nearly opposite structures: structural holes and network closures. We propose that these two network structures align with different search activities. Structural holes relate to exploratory knowledge search, while closures favor exploitative knowledge search. We posit that ambidexterity between these search activities through different network structures allows firms to improve their innovativeness and performance. We test our hypothesis with a sample of 205 biopharmaceutical firms within a network of licenses agreements. Our results support the ambidexterity hypothesis in different network structures. Implications derived from our study shed light on the network designs to promote firm innovativeness.
Deterministic separation of suspended particles in a reconfigurable obstacle array

We use a macromodel of a flow-driven deterministic lateral displacement microfluidic system to investigate conditions leading to size-separation of suspended particles. This model system can be easily reconfigured to establish an arbitrary forcing angle, i.e. the orientation between the average flow field and the square array of cylindrical posts that constitutes the stationary phase. We also consider posts of different diameters, while maintaining a constant gap between them, to investigate the effect of obstacle size on particle separation. In all cases, we observe the presence of a locked mode at small forcing angles, in which particles move along a principal direction in the lattice. A locked-to-zigzag mode transition takes place when the orientation of the driving force reaches a critical angle. We show that the transition occurs at increasing angles for larger particles, thus enabling particle separation. Moreover, we observe a linear regression between the critical angle and the size of the particles, which allows us to estimate size-resolution in these systems. The presence of such a linear relation would guide the selection of the forcing angle in microfluidic systems, in which the direction of the flow field with respect to the array of obstacles is fixed. Finally, we present a simple model based on the presence of irreversible interactions between the suspended particles and the obstacles, which describes the observed dependence of the migration angle on the orientation of the average flow.
The age-period cohort problem: set identification and point identification

"Only entropy comes easily" - Anton Chekhov Various methods have been used to overcome the point identification problem inherent in the linear age-period-cohort model. This paper presents a set-identification result for the model and then considers the use of the maximum-entropy principle as a vehicle for achieving point identification. We present two substantive applications (US female mortality data and UK female labor force participation) and compare the results from our approach to some of the solutions in the literature.
Influence of brain material properties and boundary conditions on brain response during dynamic loading

A two-dimensional finite element model of the head complex was used to evaluate the sensitivity of brain response to brain material properties and brain-skull boundary conditions. Ten different models were developed based on published head finite element models and brain experimental tests. Maximum principal strain, shear stress, von Mises stress, and pressure were used to evaluate relative differences between the models when excited by dynamic angular inputs. The importance of the cerebrospinal fluid was demonstrated in determining the time history of von Mises and shear stresses. In addition, the results did not support simplifying the brain-skull interface using either frictional effects or elastic materials. Bridging veins influenced the response of the brain both locally at the insertion points and globally throughout the brain. Finally, the results showed that viscoelastic characteristics of brain tissue with decay rates higher than 100/s and material nonlinearity alter the model response even for short duration dynamic impacts. For the covering abstract see ITRD E121180.
A novel simulation strategy for ultrafast InP/InGaAsP optoelectronic modulator analysis

In this paper we present a simulation strategy for the accurate prediction of the functionality of an InP based opto-electronic modulator. The device is composed by an InP-InGaAsP p-i-n diode embedded in a rib waveguide and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Finite Element Analysis for both semiconductor and optical equations solution is exploited. We present numerical results indicating that with a 2 mm-long device a reverse bias of 11 V is needed for a 180° phase shift.
Perspectival factors and pro-drop: A corpus study of speaker/addressee pronouns with creer ‘think/ believe’ and saber ‘know’ in spoken Spanish

This paper examines overt and covert speaker/addressee pronouns with the cognitive verbs creer ‘think/believe’ and saber ‘know’ in a corpus of spoken peninsular Spanish – the Madrid and Alcalá samples of PRESEEA (2014– ) – with a focus on 1st person singular (yo) creo que ‘(I) think that’. Departing from the observation made in the literature that overt pronouns are highly frequent with creer and that topic shift cannot account for all of them, it will be argued that perspectival factors related to evidentiality/epistemicity and subjectivity influence overt pronoun realization. A corpus study was conducted to investigate whether (i) [person] and [polarity] and (ii) the type of complement affect overt pronoun realization with the cognitive verbs creer and saber. The results indicate that the type of belief expressed in the embedded clause should be taken into account, as well as person and polarity. The ultimate trigger for phonetic realization of speaker/addressee pronouns will be argued to be the notion of contrast: cognitive verbs whose embedded complement encodes evaluations and non-visual, abstract information have high frequencies of overt pronoun realization because these contexts favor the evoking of alternative perspective holders. Overt pronouns will be analyzed as the result of a [+contrast] feature which is assigned to the specifier of a functional category encoding perspective in the split IP.
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A MECHANICAL MODEL OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN CONNECTIONS OF STEEL STORAGE RACKS

This paper focuses on the development of a mechanical model of beam-to-column connections of steel storage racks for predicting the initial rotational stiffness and flexural strength of the connection. An application of the proposed mechanical model for predicting the lateral behavior of steel storage racks is also evaluated. The connection model is developed based on the concept of component method suggested by Eurocode 3. A new practical methodology for evaluation of the flexural strength based on the actual failure mode is introduced. To validate the proposed mechanical model, extensive studies on experimental testing by cantilever and the portal tests specified in steel storage rack design specification are conducted. The validation shows that the performance of the proposed mechanical model is satisfactory for predicting the response of connection. Moreover, it reveals that a modification factor of initial rotational stiffness and initial looseness should be incorporated into a rack’s connection model to improve the accuracy in predicting lateral behavior of steel storage frames.
Determination of Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Compound, Mineral Contents and Fatty Acid Compositions of Bee Pollen Grains Collected from Different Locations

Abstract The objective of the present work was to investigate the influence of locations on bioactive propertiest, phenolic compounds and mineral contents of bee pollens. The oil content of pollen grains changed between 3.50% (Alanya) and 6.85% (Russia-Perm Region). The highest total phenolic content (720 mg/100g) and antioxidant activity values (81.4%) were observed in pollens obtained from the Russia-Perm Region and Alanya districts, respectively. Additionally, the highest carotenoid was found in a pollen sample collected from Karaman (Sarıveliler) (98.6 mg/g). The major phenolic compounds were (+)-catechin (66.75-337.39 mg/100g) and quercetin (61.2-1221.7 mg/100g) in all pollen samples. The pollen samples were observed to be a significant source of potassium (3846-6287 mg/kg), phosphorus (2947-5010 mg/kg), calcium (1022-2424 mg/kg) and sulfur (1744-2397 mg/kg). All of the analysis results were significantly affected by supplying locations. The antioxidant activity values of pollens were found partly similar and varied depending on locations. The content of saturated fatty acid (palmitic) was high (20-30%) in the tested pollen samples but did not exceed the content of linoleic acid.
Designing the Walkable City

With federal policy beginning to shift from auto-centric planning, provision for pedestrian and bicycle access is now mandated in federally supported projects. However, the field of transportation planning has little in the way of theory and methods to guide design and planning for walkable cities. Walkability is increasingly valued for a variety of reasons. Not only does pedestrian transportation reduce congestion and have low environmental impact, it has social and recreational value. Recent research suggests that walking also promotes mental and physical health. The quality of the pedestrian environment is key to encouraging people to choose walking over driving. Six criteria are presented for design of a successful pedestrian network: (1) connectivity; (2) linkage with other modes; (3) fine grained land use patterns; (4) safety; (5) quality of path; and (6) path context. To achieve walkable cities in the United States it will be necessary to assess current walkability conditions, revise standards and regulations, research walking behavior in varied settings, promote public education and participation in pedestrian planning, and encourage collaboration and interdisciplinary education between transportation engineers and the design professions.
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

Ultrasonic imaging is taking a larger and larger role in the NDE of turbine engine materials and in support of fracture mechanics calculations. It is also playing an increasing role in quality and process control. For most fracture toughness calculations, it is necessary to establish the accuracy with which a flaw's size and shape are imaged, whether single or multiple flaws are involved, and the spacing of multiple flaws. Because of these requirements, resolution has become an issue as well as detection sensitivity. There are a number of resolution targets that can provide this type of calibration information for an ultrasonic imaging system. A fused quartz USAF 1951 target, similar to the patterns used in this work, was first used by Gilmore (1986), but Gilmore's pattern was superficial and subsurface evaluations were limited to focusing on the pattern from the opposite side of the blank and monitoring the reflection from what is now the target backwall. Work by Peyton (1977) did produce buried targets in titanium samples, but there was no practical method to produce buried targets in high-temperature ceramics until the techniques developed by Rodel and Glaeser (1987) were used to produce the targets described in this paper. Optically transparent resolution targets make it feasible to visually verify that the resolution target has been correctly fabricated. An image of the target with a candidate ultrasonic transducer then permits quantitative image resolution estimates to be made even when the interrogating acoustic beam contains significant refractive aberration. This is important because useful subsurface images can be acquired with the use of acoustic beams that are aberrated to the point that diffraction-limited beamwidth calculations are meaningless. This work also demonstrates how the interdisciplinary skills of manufacturing companies can be combined with those of universities to produce results that any one of the individual members of the team could not have produced alone, without significant increases in labor,
AVE RIVER BRIDGE - A MAJOR PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE U-GIRDER BRIDGE IN PORTUGAL

Construction of precast, prestressed concrete bridges has only become common method of construction in Portugal in the last ten years. That coincided with a major highway construction initiative begun by the Portuguese Road Network. This article discusses the new bridge over the Ave River in northeast Portugal. Provided is a detailed description of the design, fabrication and construction of this most innovative precast concrete highway bridge in Portugal. Also provided are results of load tests, details of the monitoring plan, and measurements obtained during prefabrication and in various construction stages.
Precision of Sensitivity in the Design Optimization of Indeterminate Structures

Design sensitivity is central to most optimization methods. The analytical sensitivity expression for an indeterminate structural design optimization problem can be factored into a simple determinate term and a complicated indeterminate component. Sensitivity can be approximated by retaining only the determinate term and setting the indeterminate factor to zero. The optimum solution is reached with the approximate sensitivity. The central processing unit (CPU) time to solution is substantially reduced. The benefit that accrues from using the approximate sensitivity is quantified by solving a set of problems in a controlled environment. Each problem is solved twice: first using the closed-form sensitivity expression, then using the approximation. The problem solutions use the CometBoards testbed as the optimization tool with the integrated force method as the analyzer. The modification that may be required, to use the stiffener method as the analysis tool in optimization, is discussed. The design optimization problem of an indeterminate structure contains many dependent constraints because of the implicit relationship between stresses, as well as the relationship between the stresses and displacements. The design optimization process can become problematic because the implicit relationship reduces the rank of the sensitivity matrix. The proposed approximation restores the full rank and enhances the robustness of the design optimization method.
Xerocomus s. l. in the light of the present state of knowledge.

The definition of the generic limits of Xerocomus s. l. and particularly the delimitation of this genus from Boletus is very unclear and controversial. During his study of European species of the Boletaceae, the author has come to the conclusion that Xerocomus in a wide concept is a heterogeneous mixture of several groups of species. These groups are separated from each other by different anatomical and some other characters. Also recent molecular studies show that Xerocomus s. l. is not a monophyletic group. In agreement with these facts, the European species of Xerocomus s. l. whose anatomy was studied by the present author are here classified into the following, more distinctly delimited genera: Xerocomus s. str. , Phylloporus, Xerocomellus gen. nov., Hemileccinum gen. nov. and Pseudoboletus. Boletus badius and Boletus moravicus, also often treated as species of Xerocomus, are retained for the present in the genus Boletus. The differences between Xerocomus s. str. , Phylloporus, Xerocomellus, Hemileccinum, Pseudoboletus and Boletus (which is related to this group of genera) are discussed in detail. Two new genera, Xerocomellus and Hemileccinum, and necessary new combinations of species names are proposed.
Procedural aspects of modeling the dynamics of a three wheeled vehicle using ADAMS-CAR

We describe in some detail the process of development of a dynamic model of a three wheeled vehicle using ADAMS-CAR. We first describe the rigid body model, and then the modeling of structural flexibilities. The aim of this report is to document procedural details of such modeling, with a view to presenting more research and development oriented investigations in the future. The contents of this report may also be of interest to practicing engineers engaged in multi-body dynamics modeling of wheeled vehicles.
Mechanisms to limit higher mode effects in a controlled rocking steel frame. 1: Concept, modelling, and low‐amplitude shake table testing

Controlled rocking steel frames have been proposed as an efficient way to avoid the structural damage and residual deformations that are expected in conventional seismic force resisting systems. Although the base rocking response is intended to limit the force demands, higher mode effects can amplify member design forces, reducing the viability of the system. This paper suggests that seismic forces may be limited more effectively by providing multiple force‐limiting mechanisms. Two techniques are proposed: detailing one or more rocking joints above the base rocking joint and providing a self‐centring energy dissipative (SCED) brace at one or more levels. These concepts are applied to the design of an eight‐storey prototype structure and a shake table model at 30% scale. A simple numerical model that was used as a design tool is in good agreement with frequency characterization and low‐amplitude seismic tests of the shake table model, particularly when multiple force‐limiting mechanisms are active. These results suggest that the proposed mechanisms can enable better capacity design by reducing the variability of peak seismic force demands without causing excessive displacements. Similar results are expected for other systems that rely on a single location of concentrated nonlinearity to limit peak seismic loads. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.