Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on sustainability in community-based tourism: a bibliometric review and future directions

ABSTRACT Over three decades, community-based tourism and sustainable tourism have emerged as innovative approaches to tourism development. Yet, only limited reviews have been conducted. Using VOSviewer software, this bibliometric review analyzed 869 Scopus-indexed documents on sustainable community-based tourism for research insights. The study suggests the recent trend has shifted from developed toward developing countries. Research foci include tourist and resident satisfaction, the effects of sustainable community-based tourism on economic growth, stakeholder participation and decision-making, and heritage conservation. Future research directions are suggested with a focus on post-pandemic resilience and the contributions of community-based tourism toward global sustainable development goals.
Learning spatio-temporal V1 cells from diverse LGN inputs

Since the Nobel-winning discovery of simple cells and complex cells in cat’s primary visual cortex (V1) by Hubel and Wiesel, many experimental studies of the visual system of the brain have been conducted. Experimental data of V1 cells from animal recordings show spatio-temporal properties, namely that they display both spatial and temporal response properties. For spatial properties, each V1 cell responds to a specific feature (such as bars, blobs, etc.) in the visual space, which is called the receptive field of this cell. The receptive fields of different V1 cells are typically different in size, orientation, spatial frequencies, etc. Furthermore, V1 cells also display temporal properties, namely that the receptive fields of V1 cells can change over time, and there is a great variety of ways in which they change over time. For example, the population of V1 cells show a great diversity from monophasic response to biphasic response, and some V1 cells are selective to a preferred direction. However, given many computational learning models that explain how spatial properties of V1 cells can be learnt, how temporal properties emerge is still not well understood. In this paper, we use a simple learning model based on sparse coding to show that spatio-temporal V1 cells, such as biphasic and direction selective cell, can emerge via synaptic plasticity when diverse spatio-temporal LGN cells are used as upstream input to V1 cells. This work suggests that temporal along with spatial properties of V1 cells may simply come from a learning process that aims to encode upstream input with spatio-temporal properties, which greatly enhances our understanding of V1 cells.
The ventral hippocampus and nucleus accumbens as neural substrates for cocaine contextual memory reconsolidation

Drug craving triggered by cues that were once associated with drug intoxication is a major contributor to continued drug-seeking behaviors. Addictive drugs engage molecular pathways of associative learning and memory. Reactivated memories are vulnerable to disruption by interference with the process of reconsolidation, hence targeting reconsolidation could be a strategy to reduce cue-induced drug craving and relapse. Here we examined the circuitry of cocaine contextual memory reconsolidation and explored neuroplasticity following memory reactivation. Mice underwent chemogenetic inhibition of either nucleus accumbens (NA) neurons or the glutamatergic projection neurons from the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) to NA using inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (iDREADD). Mice underwent cocaine conditioned place preference followed by reactivation of the cocaine contextual memory. Clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) was administered after memory reactivation to inhibit either NA neurons or the accumbens–projecting vHPC neurons during the reconsolidation period. When retested 3 days later, a significant reduction in the previously established preference for the cocaine context was found in both conditions. FosTRAP2-Ai14 mice were used to identify neurons activated by cocaine memory recall and to evaluate plasticity in NA medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and vHPC pyramidal neurons upon recall of cocaine memories. Results indicate a significant increase in dendritic spine density in NA MSNs activated by cocaine memory recall, particularly of the thin spine type. Sholl analysis indicated longer dendritic length and more branching of NA MSNs after cocaine memory recall than without memory reactivation. vHPC neurons showed increased spine density, with the most robust change in stubby spines. These results implicate a circuit involving glutamatergic projections from the vHPC onto NA neurons which is necessary for the reconsolidation of cocaine memories. Interruption of cocaine memory reconsolidation reduced drug-seeking behavior.
Dynamics of Brain Lateralization during Chinese Natural Speech Processing under the Influence of Sex Hormones: a 7T fMRI study

Though language is considered unique to humans with left dominant lateralization in the brain, the dynamic nature of the interplay between hemispheres during language processing remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated whole-brain functional dynamic lateralization patterns during Chinese language processing and potential sex disparities using functional MRI data of 20 subjects listening to narrative stories in a 7T MRI scanner. Our findings revealed two distinct dynamic lateralization states, with regions of the language system consistently showing the left lateralization but reversed lateralization for other regions. These two states, characterized by higher-level functioning regions exhibiting left- or right-lateralization, corresponded to the processing of rational and emotional contents, respectively. We observed pronounced inclinations towards the former state in males and the latter state in females, especially during the processing of rational contents. Finally, genetic analyses revealed that the sex differences in lateralization states were potentially influenced by sex hormones.
Azimuthal flows in the Earth's core and changes in length of day at millennial timescales

SUMMARY Variations in the length of day (LOD) reconstructed from ancient records of eclipses contain an oscillating component with a periodicity of roughly 1500 yr. A part of the time-dependent variations observed in archaeomagnetic field models consist of episodic eastward and westward motions with a similar periodicity. Using standard inversion techniques, we obtain time-dependent azimuthal flows at the surface of the core that can explain parts of the archaeomagnetic secular variation, and with amplitude and characteristic timescale of variation consistent to explain the LOD signal. On this basis, we argue that exchanges of angular momentum between core flows and the mantle are responsible for the observed millennial oscillations in the Earth's rotation rate. However, we do not obtain a detailed match between the observed changes in LOD and the prediction based on simple flow profiles inside the core. We argue that this is due to the presence of time-dependent azimuthal flows that have an important shear in the direction of the rotation axis. Such flows are interpreted as oscillations in thermal and magnetic winds.
How Should a Social Robot Deliver Negative Feedback Without Creating Distance Between the Robot and Child Users?

Research suggest negative feedback could guide users’ behaviours effectively in Human-AI interactions. However, providing negative feedback, relative to positive counterparts, can be more challenging in any type of communication. This paper delves into the potential of a social robot in delivering negative feedback for improving the in-class learning experience for children. With child participants (12 and younger), we conducted three co-design studies to investigate their preferred facial expressions of a social robot, Haru, which can identify them being distracted (i.e., undesirable behaviour), and redirect their attention back to their task with the facial expressions. Altogether, results indicated that children do not want to see conventional punishing expressions (e.g., angry faces) as a reaction to their undesirable behaviour. Instead, they preferred pleasant ones (e.g., funny, cute). Further, the importance of using realistic stimuli for studies and the co-design approach, as well as the challenges of interpreting children’s drawing responses, are discussed.
Auxiliary Information Guided Self-attention for Image Quality Assessment

Image quality assessment (IQA) is an important problem in computer vision with many applications. We propose a transformer-based multi-task learning framework for the IQA task. Two subtasks: constructing an auxiliary information error map and completing image quality prediction, are jointly optimized using a shared feature extractor. We use visual transformers (ViT) as a feature extractor for feature extraction and guide ViT to focus on image quality-related features by building auxiliary information error map subtask. In particular, we propose a fusion network that includes a channel focus module. Unlike the fusion methods commonly used in previous IQA methods, we use the fusion network, including the channel attention module, to fuse the auxiliary information error map features with the image features, which facilitates the model to mine the image quality features for more accurate image quality assessment. And by jointly optimizing the two subtasks, ViT focuses more on extracting image quality features and building a more precise mapping from feature representation to quality score. With slight adjustments to the model, our approach can be used in both no-reference (NR) and full-reference (FR) IQA environments. We evaluate the proposed method in multiple IQA databases, showing better performance than state-of-the-art FR and NR IQA methods.
University Language Instructors Programming Robotic Learning Applications: Design and implementation of encouraging programming workshop experiences

Educational robots serve multiple purposes, including language learning, social skills development for students with autism, and improving communication skills. This research emphasizes the role of educational professionals in designing robotic learning activities, highlighting their understanding of pedagogy and student needs. Two language instructors co-designed programming workshops which aimed to teach them how to program the social robot NAO. They implemented robotic language learning activities that were used by 35 students in Finnish language courses. The results of this research suggested that hands-on programming workshops are an effective way to learn robot programming. Maintaining motivation during the sessions is facilitated by setting clear and concrete goals, monitoring progress, acquiring new knowledge, and following a precise schedule. The instructors faced challenges such as unexpected responses from the robots, the initial complexity of the programming software, and apprehensions about programming based on prior knowledge of text-based programming languages.
Productive breaks in Mentally Challenging Tasks: Comparing Free-time Pauses to Stretching Sessions Guided by a Social Robot

Performing breaks during long periods of mentally demanding activities is a simple and effective solution to briefly rest the brain and regain concentration. Furthermore, the way we use this break time may have different impacts on the task outcomes. Social assistive robots are commonly used to coach users and boost their motivation, but little is explored about their capability of guiding and supervising effective pauses focused on performance gain in cognitive tasks. This study investigated the effects of two different types of breaks, stretching/breathing exercises versus free-time, taking place in a Human-Robot Interaction of short-term memory games. The stretching was autonomously guided and supervised by a robot using machine learning methods to recognise the poses. Results showed that the type of break affects the performance differently according to the type of task, both types of breaks decreased participants’ stress levels. However, the stretching/breathing intervention had a higher significant reduction in their stress and was also reported as the preferred one by the participants. No correlation between stress and performance was found.
Artificielle Self-Assembly in Physical Autonomous Robots : the Evolutionary Robotics Approach

This research work illustrates the details of a methodological approach to the design of homogeneous neuro-controllers for self-assembly in physical autonomous robots in which no assumptions are made concerning how agents allocate roles. Artificial evolution is used to set the parameters of a dynamical neural network that when ported on two physical robots allows them to coordinate their actions in order to decide who will grip whom. The neural network directly controls the state of all the actuators. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first example in which physical robots manage to self-assemble without relying on a priori injected morphological or behavioural heterogeneities. The results shed a light on the minimal requirements necessary to achieve self-assembly in autonomous robots.
Runtime race detection for shared memory programming models (Paylaşımlı bellek programlama modelleri için çalışma zamanı yarışı algılama)

This dissertation proposes methods for detecting runtime data races in three shared memory programming models: (i) OpenMP tasks, (ii) dataflow programming models such as Atomic DataFlow (ADF), and (iii) the POSIX Threads in embedded systems. The need for methods of detecting races in these models is fueled by the fact that they are commonly used in the HPC, parallel programming, and concurrent programming communities but there is a lack of tools to detect races in these programming models. A determinacy race is a condition which occurs when concurrently executing entities (e.g; tasks) access the same memory location without specified ordering between them and at least one access is a write to that memory location. As a result, a program with determinacy races may produce different final output results at different runs on the same input. One potential problem when writing parallel programs with OpenMP is to introduce determinacy races where for a given input, the program may unexpectedly produce different final outputs at different runs. Such startling behavior can result from the incorrect ordering of OpenMP tasks. We present a method to detect determinacy races in OpenMP tasks at runtime. Based on OpenMP program semantics, our proposed solution models an OpenMP program as a collection of tasks with inferred dependencies among them where a task is implicitly created with a parallel region construct or explicitly created with a task construct. We define happens-before relation among tasks based on such dependencies for determining an execution order when detecting determinacy races. Based on this formalization, we developed a tool, TaskSanitizer, which detects and reports concurrent memory accesses whose tasks do not have common dependencies. Finally, TaskSanitizer works at runtime, has been able to find bugs in micro-benchmarks and it is reasonably effi-
A Region-specific Comparative Study of Factors Influencing the Residing Preference among Migrant Population in Different Areas:Based on the Dynamic Monitoring & Survey Data on the Migrant Population in Five Cities of China

Based on the dynamic monitoring survey data on the migrant population in five cities of China in 2010 this paper carries out a comparative study of factors influencing the residing preference among migrant population in different regions to determine whether there are regional differences among these influencing factors.The results show that there are significant regional differences among the influencing factors at individual level affect their residing preference.And some influencing factors at household,community and society level have significant regional differences while the others have no significant regional differences.Comparatively speaking,influencing factors featuring no regional difference are essentially decisive factors.
impact of parental presence during induction of anesthesia on anxiety level among pediatric patients and their parents: a randomized clinical trial

minor surgery (ASA 1–2) were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups received oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) at least 20 minutes before surgery, but in the PPIA group, the parents were also present in the operating room until loss of consciousness of child at anesthesia induction. Anxiety in the patients (as measured by the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale [mYPAS]) and parents (as measured by the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]), the Induction Compliance Checklist (ICC), and parental satisfaction (as measured by visual analog scale) were assessed. Results: There was no significant difference in the mean anxiety scores (mYPAS) of participants in the control and PPIA groups at ward T0 and upon arrival to operating room T1 ( P . 0.05). However, between the PPIA and control groups, mean mYPAS score was different at the time of induction of anesthesia T2 (35.5 ± 16.6 vs 59.8 ± 22.4; P , 0.001). The ICC scores showed that perfect score was significantly different in the PPIA and control groups (66.6% vs 6.3%; P , 0.01). The STAI scores of the parents in the two groups did not differ in T0, T1, and T2. The mean parental satisfaction score was higher in the PPIA group than in the control group (7.6 ± 7.0 vs 5.8 ± 6.1; P , 0.01). Conclusion: PPIA may reduce preoperative state anxiety of pediatric patients and improve quality of anesthesia induction based on ICC scores and higher parental satisfaction, but it does not impact on parental state anxiety.
Viewing an Iconic Animal in an Iconic National Park: Bears and People in Yellowstone

Background Yellowstone National Park (YNP) occupies 2.2 million acres of land (about 890,000 ha) in northwestern Wyoming, with some overlap into adjacent US states. It is centered near 44.5° N latitude and 110.5° W longitude. Established in 1872, the park forms the core of the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem, whose 18 million acres (7.3 million ha) also include three national wildlife refuges, five national forests, and Grand Teton National Park. The unique geological features of the landscape, its flora and fauna, and the relative isolation of the park from the effects of human settlement all contribute to Yellowstone’s enduring appeal to visitors. Especially notable among these contributing factors are the iconic animals found within the park boundaries. If the American West can be said to have an equivalent to Africa’s “Big Five” list of fauna, the most likely candidates for are all present in YNP: bison, moose, elk, mountain lion, and grizzly bear, along with black bear, bald eagle, trumpeter swan, and many other spectacular animal species. In addition, there are approximately 1,300 endemic vascular plant species, some of which rely on the park’s many geothermal features to survive the winters. Sixty percent of the world’s geysers are within YNP, including several that erupt on a fairly regular basis, from 80 minutes apart to a few hours or longer. The size, the thermal features, and the range of plants and animals all support YNP’s iconic status as a representation of the early American West—the way it once was, or as it is now imagined. This iconic status is also evident from the more than three million visitors to the park each year, with two-thirds of those coming during June, July, and August. Aims of this research This special issue discusses issues facing some of the world’s most iconic protected areas. Managers of such areas confront a complex challenge to preserve the features that draw visitors in great numbers, while seeking to enhance the overall visitor experience. Yet managers must also attend to protecting those very features, and the visitors themselves, from the sometimes ill-informed or ill-considered choices people might make when interacting with nature. Our focus in this paper is mainly on human–bear encounters, but in the context of human–animal encounters more generally. We briefly overview relevant bear management
Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Selected Tea Factories in Kenya

Tea sector is a major contributor to Kenya’s economy through foreign exchange via export. However, extensive amount of energy is required to produce one kilogram of tea, making tea processing energy-intensive. Comparing greenhouse gas emissions from different types of energy consumed in tea factories is imperative to enable policymakers make informed intervention in emission reduction. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in tea factories is one of the pathways to meeting Kenya’s nationally determined 32% reduction of carbon emissions by 2030 and commitment to the Paris Agreement. This paper assesses greenhouse gas emissions from different sources of energy used in four tea factories in Kenya. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emission factor is used to calculate the total emissions of each type of energy used for 5 years. Life cycle assessment using simapro software is used to assess the specific compound causing the emission. The findings reveal that the 5-year greenhouse gas emissions by biogas, solar, wood, briquettes, and electricity are 336,111, 7,108, 20,201.06, and 1,338.28 kg CO 2 /kWh, respectively. Firewood has the highest concentration of carbon dioxide, while solar energy has the least. Analysis of variance confirms significant difference (0.05>p=0.0272) in greenhouse gas emissions from the different energy sources. Post-hoc analyses shows a significant difference in emissions between solar and firewood (p<0.0125) and no significant difference between other sources of energy. Sustainability in the tea sector can be achieved through switching to macadamia
Les conséquences géomorphologiques de l’occupation du sol et des changements climatiques dans un bassin-versant rural sahélien

Depuis 1994, le Kori Mountseka situe dans l’Adar Doutchi au centre-sud du Niger est redevenu fonctionnel sur 70 km. Avant cette date, les ecoulements etaient perturbes par des verrous constitues de depots de sable eolien et de cones de dejection. Il se formait ainsi des mares, particulierement dans la partie amont, alors que, dans la partie mediane et aval, le lit servait comme champ de culture de mil. Les observations directes sur le terrain ont permis de mettre en evidence que ce bassin-versant est soumis a une dynamique hydroerosive intense liee a l’erodibilite des sols et a la faiblesse du couvert vegetal. Le traitement des donnees pluviometriques releve l’importance des extremes pluvieux. Enfin, les cartes de repartition spatiale des processus d’erosion hydrique en relation avec l’occupation des sols en 1986 et en 2000 confirment cet etat de fait.
Lexical Evidence in Austronesian for an Austroasiatic presence in Borneo

Abstract:Divergence and diversity at the level of phonology and lexicon in many of the Austronesian languages of Borneo are widely recognized and well studied. However, the source of this divergence is debated. In this paper, lexical items in the languages of Borneo which lack secure Austronesian etymologies are the object of study. Some of these words show potential semantic and phonological matches with Austroasiatic forms, suggesting a possible early period of in situ contact between Austronesian speakers and speakers of Mon-Khmer languages on the island of Borneo.