Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Cypermethrin on Selected Enzymes in Tissues of Heterobranchus bidorsalis

Heterobranchus bidorsalis (mean total length 31.50 ± 2.32 cm SD; mean weight 241.25 ± 30.39 g SD) was exposed to cypermethrin (0.005, 0.0075, 0.010, 0.125 and 0.0150 p.p.m.) for 23 days to determine the activity of transaminases (alanine transaminase, ALT; aspartate transaminase, AST) the phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, ALP in the gill, kidney, liver and muscle tissue. The activity of ALT in the gill at 0.005 and 0.010 p.p.m. were lower (P > 0.05) than the control, whereas elevated activity above the control were recorded at the other concentrations. AST activity was excited 11.36–220.45% above the control value at all the concentrations. ALP activity was inhibited below the control value with the highest inhibition, 40.46% at 0.010 p.p.m. ALT activities in the kidney at all the exposure concentrations were elevated 33.33% and 66.67% above the control at 0.005–0.010 p.p.m. and 0.0125–0.0150 p.p.m. , respectively. Inhibition below the control was recorded in all the exposure concentrations for AST and ALP. ALT and AST activities in the liver were inhibited below their respective control values. ALP activity was inhibited at 0.0075 and 0.0150 p.p.m. (44.12 and 23.53%, respectively, below control value), but excited at the other concentrations with a peak, 33.83% at 0.010 p.p.m. In the muscle, 12.68% and 23.94% elevation above the control were recorded at 0.0125 and 0.0150 p.p.m. , respectively, for ALT with a decrease in the lower concentrations. There was excitation of AST activity at 0.0050, 0.010 and 0.015 p.p.m. , and inhibition at 0.0075 and 0.0125 p.p.m. relative to the control value. There was general inhibition of ALP activity in the muscle of treated fish below the control except at 0.010 p.p.m. The usefulness of the enzymes as biomarkers of cypermethrin toxicity appeared to be concentration and tissue dependent, and can be effectively used to assess the impact of the agrochemical on the fish.
Comparative studies on the nutrition of two species of abalone, Haliotis tuberculata Linnaeus and Haliotis discus hannai Ino I. Effects of algal diets on growth and biochemical composition

Summary This study was conducted to examine the nutritional value of eight algal diets for two species of abalone, Haliotis tuberculata and Haliotis discus hannai, by measuring biochemical composition of the algae and relating this to feeding rate, growth and biochemical composition of the animals. Nutritional value of algal diets can be divided into three categories for each species of abalone. For H. tuberculata the best performance was on the mixed diet and Palmaria palmata intermediate was Alaria esculenta, Ulva lactuca and Laminaria digitata, and lowest growth was on Laminaria saccharina and Chondrus crispus. For H. discus hannai, best performance was on A. esculenta, P. palmata and the mixed diet; intermediate was on L. saccharina and L. digitata and lowest was on U. lactuca. It is generally accepted that high “balanced” levels of protein (>15%), lipid (3–5%) and carbohydrate (20–30%), with no detrimental substances in natural algae are essential for optimal growth performance of these abalone. The .
In vitro anti-diabetic activity of stingless bee honey from different botanical origins

The number of patients with diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate and this situation has triggered the interest of searching natural product as an alternative treatment. Stingless bee honey containing a diverse array of bioactive compounds is commonly utilized as a functional food and also found to possess various therapeutic effects including anti-diabetic through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. However, the composition level of bioactive compounds varying of geographical origins and botanical sources of honey leads to different enzyme inhibition abilities. Therefore, this study explored the total phenolic, total flavonoid, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities of stingless bee honey from various botanical origins. In this study, stingless bee honey was collected from 6 different botanical origins namely, acacia, coconut, mangrove, starfruit, multifruit and multiflower plant. Honey from tualang tree was used as a positive control. Phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities of honey were studied spectrophotometrically. Stingless bee honey from mangrove was found to have the highest phenolic content (141.74±0.03 mg GAE/100 g). The honey collected from coconut origin showed the highest flavonoid content with the value of 51.33±0.02 mg RE/100 g and also achieved the highest percentage inhibition against α-glucosidase (68.33% at 100 μg/mL). Furthermore, tualang honey and honey samples from mangrove, coconut and Acacia tree were found to have strong α-amylase inhibition abilities as their inhibition percentages were more than 70.00% at 100 μg/mL. This study showed that the presence of flavonoid and phenolic compounds in honey from different botanical origins yielded different degree of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition and also recommended the uses of stingless bee honey in diabetes treatment.
Alterações na estrutura horizontal, no período de 2002-2008, em Floresta Ombrófila Mista no centro-sul do estado do Paraná

As alteracoes na estrutura horizontal de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrofila Mista, localizado na Floresta Nacional de Irati, estado do Parana, foram avaliadas com dados de medicoes realizadas nos anos de 2002, 2005 e 2008. A area de estudo possui 25 ha, divididos em 25 parcelas permanentes de 1 ha cada (100 m x 100 m). Todos os individuos com diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) igual ou acima de 10 cm foram mensurados e identificados. Foi analisada a densidade, dominância, frequencia, valor de cobertura e valor de importância e para melhor interpretacao dos estimadores fitossociologicos e do estagio sucessional da floresta, as especies foram classificadas em grupos ecofisiologicos: pioneiras, secundarias inicial, secundarias tardias e indeterminadas. Observou-se um decrescimo de 2,3% no numero de individuos/ha, sendo encontrados 581 no ano de 2002 e 567 individuos/ha em 2008. Em 2008, Ilex paraguariensis foi a especie com maior numero de individuos, representando 9,4% do total. A dominância, avaliada em termos de area basal, alterou-se de 28,6 no ano de 2002 para 30,2 m²/ha em 2008, ou seja, houve um acrescimo de 5,1% no periodo e a Araucaria angustifolia esta sendo a especie que domina a floresta com 25,9%. A frequencia apontou para uma distribuicao heterogenea das especies na floresta, com taxas de 47,4% no ano de 2002 e 46,3% em 2008. A Araucaria angustifolia foi a especie dominante e ecologicamente a mais importante no periodo com 35,2 (11,7%) do total do valor de importância absoluto em 2008. De acordo com os estimadores fitossociologicos e grupos ecofisiologicos, a floresta apresenta-se com estoque em crescimento, devido ao incremento em diâmetro nos individuos de maiores diâmetros de especies como Araucaria angustifolia e Ocotea porosa, e em estagio avancado de sucessao ecologica, com a grande maioria das especies e individuos pertencentes as secundarias iniciais e tardias, e a cada ano torna-se mais madura com o ingresso de novas especies e individuos tolerantes a sombra.
Patients’ perspective on the surgical treatment of hallux valgus

Objective: To evaluate patients’ perspectives on the risk factors for hallux valgus, and their quality of life before and after surgery. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, retrospective study, conducted in a tertiary hospital with 50 patients undergoing surgical treatment of hallux valgus. Data were tabulated using three methodological figures: central idea, key expressions and collective subject discourse. Results: Regarding the risk factors, most of the patients demonstrated knowledge, expressed through central ideas such as: heredity, and wearing inappropriate shoes. In relation to quality of life before surgery, impairment was noted, inferred by central ideas such as: pain and discomfort, restriction in the use of shoes, functional limitation and aesthetic impairment; and regarding postoperative quality of life, most patients expressed satisfaction with the results. Conclusion: Authentic discourses in the context of a prevalent pathology have expressed, for the first time, the conceptions of risk factors, quality of life before and after hallux valgus surgery. Level of Evidence V; Therapeutic Study; Expert Opinion.
Cytogenetical Studies in Certain Minor 'Pulses and Beans'

Cytogenetical studies of Pisum arvense, Lathyrus aphaca, L. sativus, Cyamopsis psoralioides, Glycine hispida, Vigna catjang and Dolichos biflorus was made. Morphology of somatic chromosomes was studied and idiograms were presented for all the species. Satellited pair of chromosomes were recorded in the first four species. Chromosomes with median, sub-median and sub-terminal primary constrictions were reported. The longest chromosome was observed in Lathyrus sativus (7.4μ) and the shortest in Glycine hispida (1.3μ). Meiotic studies in most of the species revealed regular chiasma formation. Chiasma frequency per bivalent was highest in Lathyrus aphaca (1.7) and lowest in Pisum arvense (1.3). Various meiotic anomalies were encountered. These included precocious separation of bivalents, stray bivalents, multivalents, delayed separation of bivalents, laggards and chromatin bridges. Multivalent formation was reported for the first time in Pisum arvense, Lathyrus aphaca, L. sativus, Cyamopsis psoralioides and Vigna catjang. Chromosome numbers already noted in different species were confirmed except in case of Dolichos biflorus. Pollen sterility was determined in all the cases, highest being 40% in Lathyrus sativus and lowest being 2% in Dolichos biflorus.
Black‐capped chickadees Poecile atricapillus sing at higher pitches with elevated anthropogenic noise, but not with decreasing canopy cover

Several songbird species sing at higher frequencies (i.e. higher pitch) when anthropogenic noise levels are elevated. Such frequency shifting is thought to be an adaptation to prevent masking of bird song by anthropogenic noise. However, no study of this phenomenon has examined how vegetative differences between noisy and quiet sites influence frequency shifting. Variation in vegetative structure is important because the acoustic adaptation hypothesis predicts that birds in more open areas should also sing at higher frequencies. Thus, vegetative structure may partially explain the observation of higher frequency songs in areas with high levels of anthropogenic noise. To distinguish between frequency shifting due to noise or vegetative structure we recorded the songs of black-capped chickadees Poecile atricapillus vocalizing in high and low noise sites with open and closed canopy forests. Consistent with the noise-dependent frequency hypothesis, black-capped chickadees sang at higher frequencies in high noise sites than in low noise sites. In contrast, birds did not sing at higher frequencies in sites with more open canopies. These results suggest that frequency shifting in chickadees is more strongly related to ambient noise levels than to vegetative structure. A second frequency measure, inter-note ratio, was reduced at higher levels of canopy cover. We speculate that this may be due to a non-random distribution of dominant males. In sum, our results support the hypothesis that some birds sing at higher frequencies to avoid overlap with anthropogenic noise, but suggest that vegetative structure may play a role in the modification of other song traits.
Dry Period Length as Related to Milk Yield and SCC During the First Month of Subsequent Lactation

Abstract Analysis was made of the effect of dry period length in primiparous and multiparous cows on daily milk yield during the first month of subsequent lactation and on milk somatic cell count (SCC) on the basis of the information about the test-day milkings of 59 138 cows. The GLM and FREQ procedures of the SAS package were used in the statistical calculations. Dry period length in the primiparous and multiparous cows had a significant effect (P≤0.01) on daily milk yield and udder health, determined based on SCC. In terms of milk yield, the most favourable dry period would be 51-70 days for both primiparous and multiparous cows. Depending on udder health, a dry period of 51-90 days can be suggested. Shorter dry periods had more undesirable effects than longer dry periods. Excessively shortened dry period (≤10 days) caused the daily milk yield to decrease by 17% in primiparous and by 13% in multiparous cows while increasing the risk of clinical changes of the cow’s udder, regardless of age. The proportion of milk samples that showed evidence of clinical mastitis also increased when the dry period was excessively long (>90 days), especially in multiparous cows.
Effects of Seasonal Variation Driven Price Disparity on Fresh Flower Business: Evidences from Bangladesh

As an emerging sector, the commercial cultivation of flowers is gaining popularity in Bangladesh and creating a new competition of high-quality flower production. This paper examines the price differences practiced by growers and other channel members of the industry which is affected by seasonal variation. Using the evidence collected from 220 respondents of growers and channel members like local traders, wholesalers and retailers, the study finds that the market price of flowers usually remains uncertain and unstable in Bangladesh, and it is mainly associated with its demand and supply in the market during different seasons. Higher price is observed for Rose, Tuberose, Gerbera, and Gladiolus in rainy season when the supply and wastage of perishable flowers fail to match the demand of those flowers. On the contrary lower price is observed in spring when the supply of flowers increases due to favorable weather for production. However, flower traders get more prices by selling Marigold in winter, the time which is suitable for cultivating and harvesting. Nevertheless, they obtain lower price in summer. Moreover, they receive elevated price in winter for trading Jasmine and poorer in rainy season. This overall market price difference, in turn, affects the profit of the traders. In favorable weather, profits of flowers are found lower due to the additional supply of flowers compared to the demand whereas in adverse weather, extra cost of wastage or post-harvest loss makes the profit lesser again. This study aims to provide useful policy insights to the policy makers as well as researchers for reducing the seasonal effects on flower trading in Bangladesh. In this way this study will also help the government to realize the importance and develop ways of solving the effects of seasonal variation driven price disparity on fresh flower business. Corresponding author: Shamsun Nahar Momotaz Email addresses for the corresponding author: snm@iub.edu. bd First submission received: 6th January 2020 Revised submission received: 1st March 2020 Accepted: 23rd March 2020
Comparison of surgical outcomes between sulcus and anterior chamber implanted glaucoma drainage devices

Purpose: This retrospective case-control cross-sectional study compared the outcomes of sulcus placement of glaucoma drainage devices (GDD) versus traditional anterior chamber (AC) to test the hypothesis that sulcus placement results in fewer complications whilst maintaining similar efficacy. Methods: This study included 45 patients in the sulcus group and 60 patients in the anterior chamber (AC) group who had undergone surgery from January 2014 to December 2017. Data were collected on pre-operative demographics, operative details and post-operative intraocular pressure and complications. The IOP, number of medications and complications between the two groups was compared. A P value of <5% was considered statistically significant. Results: The sulcus group had significantly lower overall complications compared to the AC group with a comparable IOP decrease between groups. There were significantly lower rates of hyphaema in the sulcus (3 cases) compared to AC group (17 cases) (P < 0.05). Severe or late complications (implant exposure, corneal decompensation, endophthalmitis, poor vision, choroidal hemorrhage and cornea edema) were significantly lower in the sulcus group [2 eyes; 4.4%] compared to the AC group [13 eyes; 21.7%] (P < 0.05). The sulcus group required fewer medications during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Sulcus implantation of GDD resulted in less postoperative hyphaema and severe complications compared to AC implantation. Our findings concur with the literature that sulcus implantation is safe and effective for controlling IOP for various types of glaucoma. The long-term effects of endothelial cell loss for sulcus versus AC implantation require further evaluation.
Effects of Childcare Teachers’ Attachment History on the Quality of Interaction: A Moderating Role of Motivation for Selecting a Job

©The Korean Association of Child Studies This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Corresponding Author: Jihyun Sung, Associate Professor, Department of Child Psychology and Education, Sungkyunkwan University, 25-2 Sungkyunkwan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea E-mail: sungjh@skku.edu Ph. D. Student, Department of Child Psychology & Education, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea Associate Professor, Department of Child Psychology & Education, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea Ji Young Lee, Jihyun Sung
Comportamento ingestivo de vacas Jersey alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes fontes de gordura nos primeiros 100 dias de lactação

This trial aimed to describe and compare the feeding behavior of Jersey cows at the beginning of lactation and fed diets with different fat sources. Fat sources tested were tallow, calcium salts of palm oil and ground soybean, representing sources of mainly saturated, unsaturated-protected and unsaturated fats, respectively. Eight cows weighing 389±27 kg, with body condition score from 3 to 3.5 and yielding 21.8±3.5 L/day were used. Animals were randomly allocated to treatments according to a replicated Latin square design, with eight animals, four treatments and four experimental periods. Feeding behavior consisted of the daily times of eating, ruminating and idling, number and duration of mean periods of those activities. Feeding behavior was recorded on three days per experimental period, for 24 hours a day at intervals of five minutes, individually for each animal. There were no significant differences concerning feeding behavior attributes among treatments. Probably the absence of treatment effects was due to similar dry matter and NDF intakes.
In situ growth of pearl oysters Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley 1856) and Pteria sterna (Gould 1851) under repopulation conditions at Bahia de La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Pearl oysters Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley 1856) and Pteria sterna (Gould 1851) were studied for an annual cycle of in situ growth from May 1992 to April 1993. Organisms generated from extensive culture were kept under repopulation conditions at Caleta El Merito. Growth measurements of shell height and length were taken monthly. Data were used to build the annual growth curve of both species, to test the temporal relationship between shell height and length, to calculate monthly and total growth rate, to follow the modal progression with the ELEFAN software, and to fit the growth curve to the Von Bertalanffy equation. Growth dimensions increased steadily during the annual cycle, from 7 to 18 months old for P. mazatlanica and from 11 to 22 months for P. sterna. No significant differences were detected between shell height and length during growth, although length seemed to grow faster. The ELEFAN program identified two modes in P. mazatlanica (Rn= 0.205) and a single one for P. sterna (Rn= 0.557). A positive correlation to the Von Bertalanffy equation was seen for both species (r2= 0.97 for both species).
Niche breadth of oligarchic species in Amazonian and Andean rain forests

Aim To test the niche breadth hypothesis (NBH), which states that dominant species have broader environmental tolerances than rare species, focusing on oligarchic species distributions (1) along the gradients of edaphic and climatic individual variables, and (2) within the n-dimensional environmental frame defined by all edaphic and climatic variability. Location Amazonian and Andean tropical rain forests along a ca. 3000 m elevation gradient, covering an area of 200 × 200 km in northwestern Bolivia. Methods All woody plants with a DBH ≥2.5 cm were measured in 98 0.1-ha plots. We analysed 18 chemical properties of the soils in each plot. Climatic and topographic variables were obtained from available open-access databases. Three measures were calculated for each of the species found at each forest type: (1) regional-scale dominance based on frequency and local abundance, (2) niche breadth along each of the environmental variables, and (3) total niche size within the whole environment. Results Oligarchic species showed broader niche breadths than the other species that constituted the community assembly in both Amazonian and Andean rain forests. The niche breadth of any species tended to be positively correlated with its degree of dominance. The Amazonian forest showed a stronger oligarchic pattern than the Andean forest, and the Amazonian common species showed larger niches overall. However, this pattern differed for some particular variables: Amazonian oligarchies had narrower niches along the variables related to organic matter and most climatic variables, whereas Andean oligarchies had narrower niches along several micronutrient factors and temperature variables. Conclusions The results provide strong empirical support for the NBH in tropical rain forests. However, different patterns of dominance were found in the two habitats: oligarchic species ranged from narrow-niched species to very broad generalist species. Broad-niched oligarchic species have also been reported in other regions, suggesting an important role of niche size linking commonness at different scales. Oligarchic species exhibit relatively narrow niches with respect to soil factors if measured along wide gradients, regardless of the forest type studied. In contrast, the opposite pattern was found for many climatic variables, indicating higher sensitivity to climate in Amazonia compared to the Andes. Despite these differences, Amazonia has much larger total niche sizes for its common species than the Andes overall.