Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cafeteria‐style feeding trials provide new insights into the diet and nutritional strategies of the black snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri): Implications for conservation

Anthropogenic changes and fragmentation of natural habitats often exert a negative effect on resource availability and distribution, and the nutritional ecology and feeding behavior of nonhuman primates. The goals of this study are to examine food choice and to identify the nutritional profile of foods consumed by the Critically Endangered black snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri). To accomplish our study goals, we presented cafeteria‐style feeding trials of fresh food items collected in the home range of wild black snub‐nosed monkeys to the only two captive R. strykeri, and compared the nutritional profiles of the leafy foods (buds, young, and mature leaves, 100 items from 70 plant species) selected with those avoided (54 items from 48 plant species). Overall, the results indicate that captive R. strykeri selected foods that were higher in moisture (Mo; 77.7%), crude protein (CP; 21.2%), total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC; 34.9%), and phosphorus (P; 0.37%) while tending to avoid foods with a neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of greater than 46.8%. Leaves collected in autumn and selected by the monkeys were characterized by a slightly higher amount of metabolizable energy (ME) than those rejected (1,350 kJ/100 g vs. 1,268 kJ/100 g). In contrast, the protein content of foods collected and consumed during the spring was greater (22.9%) than in autumn (16.4%). Random Forests modeling, an ensemble learning method, indicated that the proportion of Mo, NDF, ME, CP, P, and TNC were among the most important factors in predicting which items were consumed by the captive R. strykeri during spring and autumn. On the basis of the nutritional profile of foods consumed across the two seasons, we identified 18 nutrient‐rich native plant species that we recommend for use in ex‐ and in‐situ conservation management and reforestation programs to provide long‐term access to a nutritionally adequate diet.
Variability in echocardiography and MRI for detection of cancer therapy cardiotoxicity

Objectives To compare variability of echocardiographic and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) measured left ventricular (LV) function parameters and their relationship to cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). Methods We prospectively recruited 60 participants (age: 49.8±11.6 years), 30 women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer (15 with CTRCD and 15 without CTRCD) and 30 healthy volunteers. Patients were treated with anthracyclines and trastuzumab. Participants underwent three serial CMR (1.5T) and echocardiography studies at ~3-month intervals. Cine-CMR for LV ejection fraction (LVEF), myocardial tagging for global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS), two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography for strain and LVEF and three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography for LVEF measurements were obtained. Temporal, interobserver and intraobserver variability were calculated as the coefficient of variation and as the SE of the measurement (SEM). Minimal detected difference (MDD) was defined as 2xSEM. Results Patients with CTRCD demonstrated larger mean temporal changes in all parameters compared with those without: 2D-LVEF: 4.6% versus 2.8%; 3D-LVEF: 5.2% vs 2.3%; CMR-LVEF: 6.6% versus 2.7%; 2D-GLS: 1.9% versus 0.7%, 2D-GCS: 2.5% versus 2.2%; CMR-GCS: 2.7% versus 1.6%; and CMR-GLS: 2.1% versus 1.4%, with overlap in 95% CI for 2D-LVEF, 2D-GCS, CMR-GLS and CMR-GCS. The respective mean temporal variability/MDD in healthy volunteers were 3.3%/6.5%, 1.8%/3.7%, 2.2%/4.4%, 0.8%/1.5%, 1.9%/3.7%, 1.8%/3.6% and 1.4%/2.8%. Although the mean temporal variability in healthy volunteers was lower than the mean temporal changes in CTRCD, at the individual level, 2D-GLS, 3D-LVEF and CMR-LVEF had the least overlap. 2D-GLS and CMR-LVEF had the lowest interobserver/intraobserver variabilities. Conclusion Temporal changes in 3D-LVEF, 2D-GLS and CMR LVEF in patients with CTRCD had the least overlap with the variability in healthy volunteers; however, 2D-GLS appears to be the most suitable for clinical application in individual patients.
How College Students Communicatively Manage Uncertainty about University Health Services

ABSTRACT Despite university health services’ critical role in addressing students’ health, students frequently underutilize on-campus healthcare, in part due to uncertainty. This study used Uncertainty Management Theory and 41 interviews with college students and health center staff and providers to uncover the types of health services uncertainty students experienced and how students used communication to manage uncertainty. Students experienced institutional uncertainty pertaining to services, logistics, and quality-of-care. Participants who viewed this uncertainty negatively sought to reduce it via passive- and experiential-information seeking. Students who appraised uncertainty neutrally or positively maintained it by ignoring or avoiding information. Other students increased uncertainty by seeking second opinions. Findings suggest that promoting health services year-round and incentivizing patient referrals may help students manage both uncertainty and their health.
Chest Radiographic and CT Findings of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Analysis of Nine Patients Treated in Korea

Objective This study presents a preliminary report on the chest radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia in Korea. Materials and Methods As part of a multi-institutional collaboration coordinated by the Korean Society of Thoracic Radiology, we collected nine patients with COVID-19 infections who had undergone chest radiography and CT scans. We analyzed the radiographic and CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia at baseline. Fisher's exact test was used to compare CT findings depending on the shape of pulmonary lesions. Results Three of the nine patients (33.3%) had parenchymal abnormalities detected by chest radiography, and most of the abnormalities were peripheral consolidations. Chest CT images showed bilateral involvement in eight of the nine patients, and a unilobar reversed halo sign in the other patient. In total, 77 pulmonary lesions were found, including patchy lesions (39%), large confluent lesions (13%), and small nodular lesions (48%). The peripheral and posterior lung fields were involved in 78% and 67% of the lesions, respectively. The lesions were typically ill-defined and were composed of mixed ground-glass opacities and consolidation or pure ground-glass opacities. Patchy to confluent lesions were primarily distributed in the lower lobes (p = 0.040) and along the pleura (p < 0.001), whereas nodular lesions were primarily distributed along the bronchovascular bundles (p = 0.006). Conclusion COVID-19 pneumonia in Korea primarily manifested as pure to mixed ground-glass opacities with a patchy to confluent or nodular shape in the bilateral peripheral posterior lungs. A considerable proportion of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had normal chest radiographs.
Biphasic Feline Mammary Carcinomas Including Carcinoma and Malignant Myoepithelioma

Feline mammary tumors are usually malignant and aggressive carcinomas. Most cases are simple monophasic carcinomas (1 epithelial population), and additional phenotyping is usually not needed. In this study, we describe 10 malignant mammary tumors from 9 female cats that had unusual histomorphology: they appeared biphasic, with 2 distinct cell populations. Initially, they were morphologically diagnosed as either carcinosarcoma (1/10) or malignant pleomorphic tumor (9/10) of the mammary gland, as the latter did not match any previously described histological subtype. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for pancytokeratin, cytokeratins 8 and 18, cytokeratin 14, cytokeratins 5 and 6, vimentin, p63, calponin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, Ki-67, ERBB2, estrogen receptor alpha, and progesterone receptor. In 7 of 10 cases, the biphasic nature was confirmed and, on the basis of the IHC results, they were classified as carcinoma and malignant myoepithelioma (4/10), ductal carcinoma (1/10), and carcinosarcoma (2/10). The other 3 of 10 cases were monophasic based on IHC. In the cases of carcinoma and malignant myoepithelioma, the malignant myoepithelial cells were 100% positive for vimentin (4/4) and variably positive for p63, calponin, and cytokeratins (4/4). These findings show that, although rare, biphasic mammary carcinomas do occur in cats. In dogs and humans, tumors composed of malignant epithelial and myoepithelial cells have a less aggressive behavior than certain simple carcinomas, and therefore, their identification might also be clinically significant in the cat.
Fast saccadic and manual responses to faces presented to the koniocellular visual pathway

The parallel pathways of the human visual system differ in their tuning to luminance, color, and spatial frequency. These attunements recently have been shown to propagate to differential processing of higher-order stimuli, facial threat cues, in the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) pathways, with greater sensitivity to clear and ambiguous threat, respectively. The role of the third, koniocellular (K) pathway in facial threat processing, however, remains unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, we briefly presented peripheral face stimuli psychophysically biased towards M, P, or K pathways. Observers were instructed to report via a key-press whether the face was angry or neutral while their eye movements and manual responses were recorded. We found that short-latency saccades were made more frequently to faces presented in the K channel than to P or M channels. Saccade latencies were not significantly modulated by expressive and identity cues. In contrast, manual response latencies and accuracy were modulated by both pathway biasing and by interactions of facial expression with facial masculinity, such that angry male faces elicited the fastest, and angry female faces, the least accurate, responses. We conclude that face stimuli can evoke fast saccadic and manual responses when projected to the K pathway.
Training Convolutional Neural Networks with Multi-Size Images and Triplet Loss for Remote Sensing Scene Classification

Many remote sensing scene classification algorithms improve their classification accuracy by additional modules, which increases the parameters and computing overhead of the model at the inference stage. In this paper, we explore how to improve the classification accuracy of the model without adding modules at the inference stage. First, we propose a network training strategy of training with multi-size images. Then, we introduce more supervision information by triplet loss and design a branch for the triplet loss. In addition, dropout is introduced between the feature extractor and the classifier to avoid over-fitting. These modules only work at the training stage and will not bring about the increase in model parameters at the inference stage. We use Resnet18 as the baseline and add the three modules to the baseline. We perform experiments on three datasets: AID, NWPU-RESISC45, and OPTIMAL. Experimental results show that our model combined with the three modules is more competitive than many existing classification algorithms. In addition, ablation experiments on OPTIMAL show that dropout, triplet loss, and training with multi-size images improve the overall accuracy of the model on the test set by 0.53%, 0.38%, and 0.7%, respectively. The combination of the three modules improves the overall accuracy of the model by 1.61%. It can be seen that the three modules can improve the classification accuracy of the model without increasing model parameters at the inference stage, and training with multi-size images brings a greater gain in accuracy than the other two modules, but the combination of the three modules will be better.
Beverage Consumption and Longitudinal Changes in Lipoprotein Concentrations and Incident Dyslipidemia in US Adults: The Framingham Heart Study

Background Limited data are available on the prospective relationship between beverage consumption and plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Two major sources of sugar in the US diet are sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) and 100% fruit juices. Low‐calorie sweetened beverages are common replacements. Methods and Results Fasting plasma lipoprotein concentrations were measured in the FOS (Framingham Offspring Study) (1991–2014; N=3146) and Generation Three (2002–2001; N=3584) cohorts. Beverage intakes were estimated from food frequency questionnaires and grouped into 5 intake categories. Mixed‐effect linear regression models were used to examine 4‐year changes in lipoprotein measures, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios for incident dyslipidemia, adjusting for potential confounding factors. We found that regular (>1 serving per day) versus low (<1 serving per month) SSB consumption was associated with a greater mean decrease in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (β±standard error −1.6±0.4 mg/dL; P trend<0.0001) and increase in triglyceride (β±standard error: 4.4±2.2 mg/dL; P trend=0.003) concentrations. Long‐term regular SSB consumers also had a higher incidence of high triglyceride (hazard ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.03–2.25) compared with low consumers. Although recent regular low‐calorie sweetened beverage consumers had a higher incidence of high non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.17–1.69) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05–1.53) concentrations compared with low consumers, cumulative average intakes of low‐calorie sweetened beverages were not associated with changes in non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, or incident dyslipidemias. Conclusions SSB intake was associated with adverse changes in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, along with a higher risk of incident dyslipidemia, suggesting that increased SSB consumption may contribute to the development of dyslipidemia.
Do Antifibrinolytic Agents Reduce the Risk of Blood Transfusion in Children Undergoing Spinal Fusion? A Propensity Score-Matched Comparison Using a National Database.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of antifibrinolytic (AF) agents in reducing perioperative blood transfusion in pediatric patients undergoing spinal fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The potential for AF to decrease bleeding and reduce exposure to allogenic transfusions has led to widespread off-label use in a number of major pediatric surgical procedures. Recent reviews call for improving the body of evidence for their effectiveness and safety in pediatric spinal fusion. METHODS Children undergoing spinal fusion were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric (NSQIP-P) 2016 and 2017 databases. Univariate analyses of patient and perioperative characteristics informed the creation of a propensity score model predicting treatment with AF, followed by 1:1 matching to allow comparison of allogenic red blood cell transfusion rates and secondary outcomes between treated and untreated patients. RESULTS Of 6626 total patients, 5434 (81%) received AF and 1533 (23%) received a blood transfusion. Analysis of data for 1192 propensity score-matched pairs revealed that treatment with AF was associated with a statistically non-significant 16% reduction in perioperative transfusion (OR 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.68-1.05, p = 0.119) and a statistically significant 43% reduction in postoperative transfusion (OR 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.39-0.81, p = 0.002). No differences in the incidences of postoperative seizure or thrombosis were observed, with overall rates of 7.5 and 22.5 events per 10,000 patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AF agents appear to reduce postoperative allogenic transfusion in children undergoing spinal fusion surgery. Adverse drug effects such as thromboembolic complications and seizure were extremely rare and warrant continued monitoring, though this is the largest study to date providing evidence for the safety profile of these drugs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Conceptual processing of action verbs with and without motor representations

ABSTRACT Reading an action verb activates its corresponding motor representation in the reader’s motor cortex, but whether this activation is relevant for comprehension remains unclear. To quantify the contribution of motor representations to the conceptual processing of action verbs, we measured the efficiency of two participants with atypical motor experience due to congenitally severely reduced upper limbs in processing verbs referring to actions that they had previously executed (e.g., writing) or not (e.g., shoveling) and compared the efficiency difference between the two verb categories to that found in typical participants, who had previously executed all these actions. This allowed measuring the contribution of motor representations unbiased by confounded low-level, lexical and semantic variables. Although the task was sensitive and the participants’ performance was positively influenced by the richness of the words’ conceptual representations, we found no detectable advantage for words associated with motor representations.
Evolution of two-step magnetic transition on nanogranular Gd5Si1.3Ge2.7 thin film

A multi-functional Gd5Si1.3Ge2. 7 thin film deposited by pulsed laser ablation in the form of an ensemble of nanoparticles was studied for 18 thermal cycles via electron transport measurements together with structural and magnetic characterization. A general negative thermal dependency of the resistivity (ρ) is observed, which contrasts with the metallic-like behavior observed in bulk Gd5SixGe4−x compounds. This general trend is interrupted by a two-step, positive-slope transition in ρ(T) throughout the [150, 250] K interval, corresponding to two consecutive magnetic transitions: a fully coupled magnetostructural followed by a magnetic order on heating. An avalanche-like behavior is unveiled by the ∂ρ/∂T(T) curves and is explained based on the severe strains induced cyclically by the magnetostructural transition, leading to a cycling evolution of the transition onset temperature (∂Th″/∂n ∼ 1.6 K/cycle, n being the number of cycles). Such behavior is equivalent to the action of a pressure of 0.56 kBar being formed and building up at every thermal cycle due to the large volume induced change across the magnetostructural transition. Moreover the thermal hysteresis, detected in both ρ and magnetization versus temperature curves, evolves significantly along the cycles, decreasing as n increases. This picture corroborates the thermal activation energy enhancement—estimated via an exponential fitting of the ∂ρ/∂T(T) in the avalanche regime. This work demonstrates the importance of using a short-range order technique, to probe both magnetic and magnetostructural transitions and their evolution with thermal cycles.
Brain metabolites in chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache

Background Medication overuse headache may be associated with widespread alterations along the thalamocortical pathway, a pathway involved in pain perception and disease progression. This study addressed whether brain metabolites in key regions of the thalamocortical pathway differed between chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache and without medication overuse headache. Methods Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging was used to map metabolites in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortices, mid cingulate cortices, posterior cingulate cortices, and the thalami. Sixteen patients with medication overuse headache were compared with 16 matched patients without medication overuse headache and 16 matched healthy controls. Results Glutamate and glutamine in the right mid cingulate cortex and myo-inositol in the left anterior cingulate cortex were significantly higher in patients with medication overuse headache than patients without medication overuse headache, but similar to healthy controls. Both patient groups exhibited reduced N-acetyl-aspartate and creatine in the thalamus, reduced myo-inositol in the right anterior cingulate cortex, and elevated choline in the right mid cingulate cortex. Finally, a negative association between myo-inositol laterality index in the anterior cingulate cortices and number of days per month with acute medication use was found across all patients. Conclusions Patients with medication overuse headache were characterized by a distinct concentration profile of myo-inositol, a glial marker, in the anterior cingulate cortices that may have arisen from medication overuse and could contribute to the development of medication overuse headache.
Temperature and pH-Dependent Response of Poly(Acrylic Acid) and Poly(Acrylic Acid-co-Methyl Acrylate) in Highly Concentrated Potassium Chloride Aqueous Solutions

In this study, the phase transition phenomena of linear poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and linear or star-shaped poly(acrylic acid-co-methyl acrylate) (P(AA-co-MA)) in highly concentrated KCl solutions were investigated. The effects of polymer molecular weight, topology, and composition on their phase transition behavior in solution were investigated. The cloud point temperature (TCP) of polymers drastically increased as the KCl concentration (CKCl) and solution pH increased. CKCl strongly influenced the temperature range at which the phase transition of PAA occurred: CKCl of 1.0–2.2 M allowed the phase transition to occur between 30 and 75 °C. Unfortunately, at CKCl above 2.6 M, the TCP of PAA was too high to theoretically trigger the crystallization of KCl. The addition of hydrophobic methyl acrylate moieties decreased the TCP into a temperature region where KCl crystallization could occur. Additionally, the hydrodynamic diameters (Dh) and zeta potentials of commercial PAA samples were examined at room temperature and at their TCP using dynamic light scattering. The salt concentration (from 1 to 3 M) did not impact the hydrodynamic diameter of the molecules. Dh values were 1500 and 15 nm at room temperature and at TCP, respectively.