Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of pre-industrial to present-day anthropogenic climate forcing in UKESM1

Abstract. Quantifying forcings from anthropogenic perturbations to the Earth system (ES) is important for understanding changes in climate since the pre-industrial (PI) period. Here, we quantify and analyse a wide range of present-day (PD) anthropogenic effective radiative forcings (ERFs) with the UK's Earth System Model (ESM), UKESM1, following the protocols defined by the Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP) and the Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP). In particular, quantifying ERFs that include rapid adjustments within a full ESM enables the role of various chemistry–aerosol–cloud interactions to be investigated. Global mean ERFs for the PD (year 2014) relative to the PI (year 1850) period for carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), and methane (CH4) are 1.89 ± 0.04, 0.25 ± 0.04, −0.18 ± 0.04, and 0.97 ± 0.04 W m−2, respectively. The total greenhouse gas (GHG) ERF is 2.92 ± 0.04 W m−2. UKESM1 has an aerosol ERF of −1.09 ± 0.04 W m−2. A relatively strong negative forcing from aerosol–cloud interactions (ACI) and a small negative instantaneous forcing from aerosol–radiation interactions (ARI) from sulfate and organic carbon (OC) are partially offset by a substantial forcing from black carbon (BC) absorption. Internal mixing and chemical interactions imply that neither the forcing from ARI nor ACI is linear, making the aerosol ERF less than the sum of the individual speciated aerosol ERFs. Ozone (O3) precursor gases consisting of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), but excluding CH4, exert a positive radiative forcing due to increases in O3. However, they also lead to oxidant changes, which in turn cause an indirect aerosol ERF. The net effect is that the ERF from PD–PI changes in NOx emissions is negligible at 0.03 ± 0.04 W m−2, while the ERF from changes in VOC and CO emissions is 0.33 ± 0.04 W m−2. Together, aerosol and O3 precursors (called near-term climate forcers (NTCFs) in the context of AerChemMIP) exert an ERF of −1.03 ± 0.04 W m−2, mainly due to changes in the cloud radiative effect (CRE). There is also a negative ERF from land use change (−0.17 ± 0.04 W m−2). When adjusted from year 1850 to 1700, it is more negative than the range of previous estimates, and is most likely due to too strong an albedo response. In combination, the net anthropogenic ERF (1.76 ± 0.04 W m−2) is consistent with other estimates. By including interactions between GHGs, stratospheric and tropospheric O3, aerosols, and clouds, this work demonstrates the importance of ES interactions when quantifying ERFs. It also suggests that rapid adjustments need to include chemical as well as physical adjustments to fully account for complex ES interactions.
Ancestral neural computations constrain the evolution of novel computations in simulated color vision networks

Efficient coding has been a successful organizational principle in neuroscience, but a more general theoretical framework needs to include the capacity for biological constraints to impede the realization of optimal circuit design. Here, we explore how evolution shapes the computational organization of a circuit using color vision as a model system. Taking a theoretical, machine learning approach allowed us to simulate the evolution of tetrachromatic color vision from a trichromatic ancestor both within and across distinct phylogenetic lineages. Analyzing network performance showed that trichromatic starting weights impose a significant constraint on learning rate, although the incremental increase in input layer complexity leads to better overall performance. Analyzing hidden layer computations showed that ancestry severely constrained evolution into a restricted and predictable portion of the theoretically available computational state space. Overall, our simulations of color vision evolution suggest that phylogenetic history is an important aspect of the functional organization of neural circuits.
A comparative study on the effect of cultural dimensions on social capital and life satisfaction between filipinos and Korean facebook users

Facebook is considered as the leading social network site that has attracted millions of users across countries. However, the motivations for using Facebook may differ with each country. Studies on the relationship between Facebook motivation, usage, social capital and life satisfaction have been conducted in a relatively limited context, such as within in a single country or a single demographic population. Although much research has shown significant results in their studies concerning SNS by just using one or two dimensions of Hofstede’s cultural dimension, taking out the other cultural dimensions may not really represent the whole cultural attributes of the samples. Comparative research about Facebook has had so much emphasis on comparisons between Western and Asian countries not much of two Asian countries. This study showed the influence of all of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions on to the motivation to use Facebook and the impact of their usage to their social capital and life satisfaction between Filipinos and Koreans. The 243 Filipino and 235 Korean respondents of the survey were processed using SPSS and AMOS. The findings of the study suggest that for Filipinos, the overall Hofstede cultural dimension has a significant influence on the identified motivations such as seeking friends, entertainment, information, convenience and social support. On the other hand for South Koreans, Hofstede cultural dimensions influence motivation such as seeking friends, information, convenience, and social support except entertainment. The study also reveals that the primary motivation for Filipinos to use Facebook is seeking convenience, information, entertainment, and seeking friends. Filipinos don’t see Facebook as a source for social support. While for South Koreans, their primary motivation to use Facebook is seeking social support, convenience, seeking friends and information. South Koreans do not perceive Facebook as a source of entertainment. Both Filipino and South Korean Facebook activity does enhance their overall social capital and life satisfaction, suggesting that uses and gratification has been attained through their Facebook engagement.
Role of interventional radiology in endocrine diseases.

Nowadays, interventional procedures have been opened new horizons in the medicine. They constitute wide spectrum procedures from diagnosis to treatment in different medical disciplines. Various tissue samplings, specific intravascular samplings, different intravascular interventions in central and peripheral vascular systems for congenital and acquired vascular pathologies and complications [including neurointerventions], musculoskeletal interventional procedures and vast field of oncointerventions are examples of the long list of interventional radiology field. Similar to all medical fields, interventional radiology has been introduced and developed in the field of endocrinology. In this regard, interventional techniques have been used for intravascular blood samplings in specific vascular beds [for determination of hormonal level assessments] and different ablation methods in endocrine neoplasms [including metastatic malignancies and adenomas]. In this review paper, we are going to describe a brief on the application of Abstract Recently, a number of procedures for interventional radiology diagnosis and treatment have been developed by the radiologists. The „Interventional Radiology‟ refers to the therapeutic procedures performed under imaging guidance. The emergence of this specialty has been made possible by a lot of advances in the technology, imaging systems, and radiologists experience. Interventional radiologists are physicians who are experienced in minimally invasive procedures and targeted treatments which have less risk, less pain and less recovery time in comparison with the surgery. Minimizing the patient discomfort, avoid of general anesthesia, lower incidence of morbidity and mortality, and decreases the length and cost of hospitalization are some advantages of interventional radiology procedures. Similar to all medical fields, interventional procedures have been introduced and developed for the diagnosis and treatment of endocrinology procedures. In this article we aim to review and report our experience about the role of interventional radiology in venous sampling for endocrine diseases (such as parathyroid venous sampling, inferior petrosal sinus sampling, adrenal venous sampling, and venous sampling for islet cell tumors). In addition, interventional treatments of neuroendocrine cancer metastases to the liver, percutaneous ethanol injection therapy for secondary hyperparathyroidism, treatment of hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules by percutaneous ethanol injection, radiofrequency ablation of the adrenal gland neoplasms, and also establishing a cGMP pancreatic islet processing facility have been discussed in this article.
An Assessment of Young Adult Perceptions Towards Entrepreneurship in Bangladesh Using a Mixed Methods Approach

Increased small business creation represents a promising opportunity for new economic growth within Bangladesh, a developing economy currently dominated by agriculture and export manufacturing. While past research has looked into traits important for entrepreneurship, there are many gaps in the literature for Bangladesh specifically. Further, the limited research that is available has focused primarily on quantitative metrics, and largely overlooked perceptions towards entrepreneurship, despite the impact these attitudes can have on entrepreneurial activity. In this study, we aimed to better understand subjective perceptions of entrepreneurship for young adults (aged 18-40) in Bangladesh. We used focus groups and surveys with current and aspiring entrepreneurs to better understand self-identified needs for increased business creation. Results from these efforts were then used to construct statements used for a Q sort, which was completed by 27 current and aspiring entrepreneurs. Analysis of these Q sorts identified four distinct profiles (factors) representing different viewpoints young adults have towards entrepreneurship in their local communities. Results from the Q analysis provide further insights on young adult entrepreneurs’ views and how to better assist these entrepreneurs for future economic growth.
The photobiomodulation (658, 830 and 904nm) on wound healing in histomorphometric analysis

Abstract Introduction: Photobiomodulation (PBM) assists in the processes of angiogenesis and cellular mitosis after skin lesion, contributing to tissue repair. Objective: to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (during the proliferative phase) of 658 nm, 830 nm and 904 nm in the repair of skin lesions in an animal model. Method: 658 nm (G658), 830 nm (G830), 904 nm (G904) PBM, and control group (CG) integrated the research. We submitted the animals to an excisional wound and treatment at different wavelengths for 14 days. On the seventh and 14-1485004059th postoperative days, we calculated the area and percentage of lesion contraction. The animals were sacrificed on the 14-1485004056th postoperative day and cutaneous section of the injured region was collected for histomorphometric evaluation of the cellularity, neovascularization, thickness of the epidermis and volume density of collagen fibers colored with H&E and Picross Sirius respectively. For the statistical analysis, we applied the ANOVA test. Results: the G658 presented higher cellularity than GC (p = 0.03). The animals in the G658 group showed a significant increase in the neovascularization in relation to the CG (p = 0.01). Type III collagen significantly increased in G904 compared to G830 (p < 0.0001) and CG (p < 0.0001). The G658 had a significant increase in type III collagen fibers compared to G830 (p < 0.0001) and GC (p < 0.0001). We found no significant difference in the thickness of the epidermis, wound area, and in the percentage wound of contraction between the analyzed groups. Conclusion: PBM was effective to stimulate the tissue repair process, with better results for the 658 nm wavelength.
Shocks and Frictions in Us Business Cycles: A Bayesian DSGE Approach

Using a Bayesian likelihood approach, we estimate a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for the US economy using seven macro-economic time series. The model incorporates many types of real and nominal frictions and seven types of structural shocks. We show that this model is able to compete with Bayesian Vector Autoregression models in out-of-sample prediction. We investigate the relative empirical importance of the various frictions. Finally, using the estimated model we address a number of key issues in business cycle analysis: What are the sources of business cycle fluctuations? Can the model explain the cross-correlation between output and inflation? What are the effects of productivity on hours worked? What are the sources of the "Great Moderation"?
BeSAD … “it was truly an awful experience”: an exploration of pre-service teachers’ experiences and training needs to support pupils experiencing issues of bereavement, separation and divorce

ABSTRACT Research exploring the well-being and pastoral care of pupils attending primary and post-primary schools has become an issue of increased discourse and growing national and international concern in recent years. Society often expects that teachers can support or facilitate pupils experiencing such issues; however, there is little research that explores whether pre-service teachers encounter these issues on school placement and how they approach such concerns if they do. This paper reports on a study of pre-service teachers (N = 354) from the Republic of Ireland (RoI) and Northern Ireland (NI) and the frequency with which they encountered issues relating to bereavement, separation and divorce (BeSAD). To address the training needs, six semi-structured interviews with experts in the area of BeSAD and Initial Teacher Education (ITE) are also included. The quantitative component of the research indicated that nearly half of the pre-service teachers had encountered pupils who had experienced some form of BeSAD whilst on school placement. Respondents lacked confidence when supporting pupils experiencing BeSAD, particularly in relation to separation and divorce. The interviews conducted with experts from NI and the RoI (N = 6) identified the core role that teachers play as advocates for pupils who have experienced BeSAD.
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Management

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a relatively infrequent cause of acute coronary syndrome that usually affects young to middle-aged women. Mainly because of its low prevalence, until recently, most of the evidence on this condition was derived from case reports and small series. Over the last 5 years, more robust evidence has become available from larger retrospective and prospective cohorts of patients with SCAD. The increase in knowledge and recognition of this entity has led to the publication of expert consensus on both sides of the Atlantic. However, new data are continuously accumulating from larger cohorts of patients with SCAD, bringing new light to this little-understood condition. The aim of this article is to update the knowledge on SCAD, including new information from recent studies published since the consensus documents from the European Society of Cardiology and the American Heart Association.
RB-MEDIATED REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB) is the ‘master regulator’ of cellular proliferation and is targeted for inactivation in the majority of human tumors. RB inhibits proliferation by repressing the transcription of genes essential for cell cycle progression. Although RB interacts with numerous chromatin modifying (e.g., histone deacetylases or HDACs, histone methyltransferases or HMTases) and remodeling (e.g., SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex) enzymes, the functional significance of these interactions is not apparent. Here we investigated the role of chromatin modifying and remodeling enzymes in RBmediated transcriptional repression and epigenetic modifications. We find that active RB mediates histone deacetylation on endogenous RB target gene promoters. We also demonstrate that this deacetylation is HDAC dependent, since the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) prevented histone deacetylation at each promoter. However, TSA treatment blocked RB repression of only a specific subset of genes, demonstrating that the requirement of HDACs for RB-mediated transcriptional repression is promoter specific. Furthermore, we find that cell cycle inhibitory action of RB is not intrinsically dependent on the ability to recruit HDAC activity. The HDAC-independent repression was not associated with DNA methylation or gene silencing since it was readily reversible. We show that this form of repression resulted in altered chromatin structure and was dependent on SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling activity. Importantly, we demonstrate that SWI/SNF is required for histone deacetylation of RB target promoters. Furthermore, we show that loss of RB disrupts a specific epigenetic modification and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) dynamics in the chromatin. These studies highlight the influence of RB on transcriptional repression and epigenetic modifications.
The importance of the rule of law for the improvement of business environment in Serbia

In the global economy, where countries compete for foreign investment, it is very important to build an institutional framework that will provide favourable environment for investment. Strengthening the rule of law contributes to a more favorable business environment as it creates a climate of stability and predictability, where business risks can be rationally assessed. Serbia made certain progress in the sphere of the rule of law, but the situation in this area can not be described as satisfactory. Improving the rule of law would contribute to the improvement of the business environment, which would ensure the comparative advantage of the domestic economy in the world market and compensate for other disadvatages in the area of attracting investment. Bearing in mind the importance of the rule of law for improving the business environment, the aim of the work is to analyze the achieved results in the area of improving the rule of law in Serbia and identify key weaknesses in this field. The analysis of the rule of law is based on the data of the World Justice Project on the quality of the rule of law, as well as other indicators that assess the ease of doing business, degree of competitiveness, quality of governance and degree of economic freedom and the degree of development of democracy, whose primary goal is not to measure the rule of law, but nevertheless contain some indicators of the rule of law. The results of the analysis should point to the achieved results in the field of the rule of law in Serbia, as a basis for identifying key weaknesses in this sphere and areas in which the deepening of the reforms would contribute to the improvement of the business environment.
History of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding as a Risk Factor of Stunting in Children Age 36-59 Months in Coastal Areas

Objective: To determine the relationship between the history of exclusive breastfeeding, birth weight, maternal knowledge, maternal education, maternal age during pregnancy, maternal nutritional status before pregnancy, and Complementary Feeding with the incidence of stunting in children aged 36 - 59 months. Method: This research was a descriptive analytic study with cross sectional approach, which was carried out for 6 months, from April to October 2019. The sample population was children aged 36-59 months, who lived with their mothers in the coastal areas of the Sitaro Regency. Sampling was done by purposive sampling to get 204 samples. Data collection using questionnaires by interview, secondary data in the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) book, and anthropometric measurements namely height by age, for Stunting variables, and analysis of Body Mass Index for maternal Nutrition status. Data analysis using chi-square test and Fisher exact. Results: Univariate analysis results obtained by Stunting in 52 children or 25.5%. The description of risk factors analyzed were, history of exclusive breastfeeding 67.2%, low birth weight 6.9%, maternal knowledge level less 2.5%, maternal education level low 25%, maternal age during pregnancy less than 20 years there were 45.1%, status malnourished mother's nutrition before pregnancy which is not normal 30.4%; and Provision of Complementary Feeding which is not appropriate 22.5%. Bivariate test results obtained a history of exclusive breastfeeding (95% CI; p = 0.000) and Complementary Feeding (95% CI; p = 0.016) have a significant relationship with the incidence of Stunting. The results of the analysis on Birth Weight, Maternal Knowledge, Maternal Education, the age of the mother during pregnancy, and the nutritional status of the mother before becoming pregnant, obtained no significant relationship with Stunting (p> 0.05). Conclusion: History of exclusive breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding as a risk Factor of Stunting. Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, Complementary Feeding, Stunting DOI : 10.7176/JHMN/70-07 Publication date: January 31 st 2020
Trapézectomie totale et ligamentoplastie de suspension : une interposition par un implant Pi2 1 en pyrocarbone a-t-elle un intérêt ? Total trapeziectomy and suspension ligamentoplasty: Is there any interest to interpose a pyrocarbon Pi2 1 implant?

Total trapeziectomy with suspensioplasty remains one of the most widely used techniques in thumb osteoarthritis. Nevertheless, such a technique does not completely prevent collapse of the trapezial space. We wanted to know whether adding a pyrocarbon spacer allowed better keeping trapezial space and increasing strength. We compared two groups of patients matched on sex, age, manual labor and dominant side. In each group, they were 23 patients suffering from CMC1 osteoarthrosis, mean age was 62 years. Surgical technique consisted in a total trapeziectomy and suspensioplasty with a Gore-Tex 1 slip without spacer (group A) or associated with spacer Pi2 1 (group B). The follow-up was 25 months for group A and 15 months for group B. Height of the scaphometacarpal space represented 81.5% of trapezium height in group B versus 61.6% in group A. Better correction of hyperextension of the metacarpophalengeal joint was noted in group B. Between group A and group B, no difference was found according to pain (VAS 1.6 versus 1/10), mobility (opposition 9.44 versus 9.31; commissural opening 35.28 versus 37.28) or strength (Jamar 19.1 kg/F versus 16.8 kg/F, pinch 4.35 kg/F versus 4.67 kg/F). DASH score was 16.9 and 25.1/100 respectively. We deplore three symapthetic reflex dystrophies in group A and seven radiological subluxations of the implant in group B. The total trapeziectomy with suspensioplasty gave satisfactory results for both series. The implant Pi2 1 seems to contribute keeping trapezial height, without functional advantages and with a risk of dislocation.