Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Middle-School Prospective Mathematics Teachers' Opinions on the Use of Modeling Activities at The Course of Mathematics Applications

Bu calismanin amaci matematik ogretiminde modelleme dersini alan son sinif matematik ogretmeni adaylarinin goreve basladiklarinda ortaokul ders programinda yer alan secmeli matematik uygulamalari dersinde bu dersten ogrendiklerini uygulama noktasinda gorus ve degerlendirmelerini ortaya koymaktir. Calismanin katilimcilari, Karadeniz bolgesinde bir ilin devlet universitesinde ogrenim goren, 2016-2017 egitim ogretim yilinda matematik ogretiminde modelleme dersine kayitli kirk iki ogretmen adayidir. Modelleme perspektifine gore tasarlanan ders kapsaminda matematik ogreniminde model, modelleme ile modelleme etkinlikleri yardimiyla problem cozmeye yonelik ogretmenlere on uc haftalik teorik ve uygulama icerikli bir egitim verilmistir. Egitimin sonunda, modelleme etkinliklerinin uygulanisi sirasinda elde edilen deneyimleri belirlemek amaciyla ogretmen adaylarina acik uclu bir soru sorulmustur. Bu soruya verilen yazili yanitlar nitel olarak analiz edilmistir. Arastirmanin bulgulari ogretmen adaylarinin modelleme etkinliklerini derslerinde kullanimi noktasinda matematik ogrenimi, bireysel gelisim, matematigi gercek yasamla iliskilendirme ve uluslararasi sinavlardaki basariya olan olumlu katkilarini vurgulamislardir. Diger taraftan sinif yonetimini etkileyecek olumsuzluklar ile uygulanan egitim sisteminin ortaya koydugu zorluklara da ayrica dikkat cekmislerdir.
Assessment of Multispan Masonry Arch Bridges. I: Simplified Approach

A stepwise iterative procedure for the nonlinear analysis of multispan arch bridges, suitable for implementation by standard programming of commercial finite element codes, is discussed. Relying on the plane section hypothesis, masonry is assumed elastic-perfectly plastic in compression and no tensile resistant; a collapse condition is found when an ultimate strain is reached. The iterative procedure is that of an elastic prevision and subsequent nonlinear correction of the nodal forces: tensile stresses are not allowed in the mortar joint by adapting the effective height of the arch to its compressed part, while the plastic response is represented by additional external fictitious forces accounting for the compressive plastic plateau. The procedure is first tested by comparison with experimental data and then applied to sample bridges, pointing out how the collapse mechanism and the ultimate load depend on the geometric and mechanical parameters.
The ethics in balancing control and freedom when engineering solutions for sustainable behaviour

Research suggests that to allow for sustainable development, consumption patterns must be changed. Individual behaviour is central to society's impact on the environment. However, due to the complexity of environmental issues, much of the political debate and technology development is inaccessible to consumers and based on the values, interpretations and priorities of experts. User‐centred, user‐involved and participatory processes are fundamental in design disciplines such as interaction design and participatory design. Research into the possibilities for cross‐pollination of design for sustainability and user‐centred design has distinguished several strategies for design‐led behavioural change. The strategies differ with regard to the levels of control and responsibility that users are left with, ranging from empowerment through information about consequences of behaviour to blocking behaviour or forcing sustainable practices upon individuals. By considering technological behaviour‐steering strategies in the light of science and technology studies and theory on technological mediation, the paper addresses the ethical issues that arise and discusses how designers can contribute to more sustainable consumption patterns without compromising quality of life, individual freedom and democratic rights.
Creating the Computer: Government, Industry and High Technology

The development of the first electronic digital computers in the 1940s signaled the beginning of a new and distinctive type of industryan industry marked by competition through innovation, and by the large percentage of revenues spent on research and development.Written as a companion volume to "Targeting the Computer: Government Support and International Competition," this comprehensive volume provides a new understanding to the complex forces that have shaped the computer industry during the past four decades. Kenneth Flamm identifies the origins of technologies important to the creation of computers and traces the roots of individual technologies to the specific research groups and programs responsible for major advances. He evaluates the impact of these innovations on industrial competition and argues that the emergence of specialization and product differentiation in the 1950s and the compatibility and standards in the mid-1960s were key factors defining this competition. Flamm also identifies the various market strategies adopted in later decades to challenge an industry leader, strategies linked to the entry and exit of individual firms.In addition to the effects of technology and internal industry developments, international competition and national policies on technology, trade, and investment shaped the evolution of this new industry. Flamm documents the role of government support for technology in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan and describes the critical technological and economic links between national and international markets. Finally, he links these strategies, technological trends, and national policies to one another and shows how they continue to influence current developments in the computer industry. "
Effect of gastrointestinal microbiome and its diversity on the expression of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer

The diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome is closely associated with human health. In the present study, the gastrointestinal microbiome and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were compared in patients with breast cancer (BC). A total of 80 patients with BC were divided into three groups based on the expression of TILs, as follows: High expression of TILs (TIL-H), medium expression of TILs (TIL-M) and low expression of TILs (TIL-L). DNA of the gastrointestinal microbiome was determined by Illumina sequencing and taxonomy of 16S ribosomal RNA genes. A χ2 test and UniFrac analysis of β-diversity were applied to assess the association between clinical characteristics and diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome. The β-diversity distribution was statistically significant (weighted UniFrac, P<0.01; unweighted UniFrac, P<0.01) when comparing the TIL-L and TIL-H groups and when comparing the three groups (TIL-H vs. TIL-M vs. TIL-L). At the genus level, higher abundances of Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, Catenibacterium, Bulleidia, Anaerofilum, Sneathia, Devosia and TG5, but lower abundances of Methanosphaera and Anaerobiospirillum (P<0.05) were identified in the TIL-L group compared with the TIL-H group. At the species level, the stercoris, barnesiae, coprophilus, flavefaciens and C21_c20 species exhibited a higher abundance in the TIL-L group, whereas producta and komagatae exhibited a greater abundance in the TIL-H group (P<0.05). Collectively, the diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome was associated with the expression of TILs in patients with BC.
Pier scour modelling using random forest regression

This paper investigates the potential of random forest–based regression approach to predict the local scour around bridge piers using field data set. A data set consisting of 232 field measurements were used. Comparison of results with M5 model tree, bagged M5 model tree, back-propagation neural network and four predictive equations suggests an improved performance by random forest regression approach in modelling the pier scour depth with dimensioned data. The use of random forest regression was also explored to judge the importance of each input variable in predicting bridge pier scour. Results in terms of increase in mean square error with the removal of each input variable suggest the importance of pier width and depth and flow in predicting the pier scour depth with random forest regression.
Selection of mobile cranes for building construction projects

The complicated process of selecting cranes for construction projects can be divided roughly into two main phases: (1) a general decision on the type of crane, mobile or tower; and (2) selection of the particular model according to the required size and technical specification. Several determinants of this second phase of the selection process in a typical mobile crane culture were investigated through on-site interviews with representatives of major construction companies. Factors affecting mobile crane selection were identified, classified, and rated according to their degree of influence. The involvement in equipment planning and crane selection was characterized with regard to project stages and planning parties. The findings were analysed with a view to the changing participation level of each party throughout project life. The conclusions of the study portray a picture that is different from the common assumptions about mobile crane selection, with respect to both influencing factors and the process itself. The study underlines the weight of non-project-specific factors, and shows that equipment planning is not merely a one-time technical exercise executed by a planner, but rather a process carried out throughout project life by a joint effort of several parties.
The Strategic Brief

Discusses the strategic brief and its application to facilities. The briefing process is, therefore, of crucial concern to the facility manager and facility user. The traditional process begins with identifying needs of the client and user, as this is the first condition of responsible design. This is flawed, however, because of its failure to be flexible towards the needs and objectives of the client/user in the future. Mechanisms for continuous adjustment to briefing processes will need to be put in place to accommodate these objectives. Fundamental changes in the pattern of the supply side of the property market also need to be taken into account. Strategic briefing procedures would ensure future facilities are more robust to functional change and make a more responsive use of existing facilities.
State Weakness and “Vacuum of Power” in Lebanon

The conventional wisdom is that weak and failed states are at great risk of becoming havens for transnational terrorist and guerilla groups. The assumption is that lack of enforcement capabilities enables militant organizations to infiltrate and fill the “vacuum of power” that is created in the absence of a strong state. This article argues, though, that this is only one of the ways in which weak states are attractive to militant groups. It explores the various mechanisms through which the vacuum of power translates into opportunities for such groups. These mechanisms include the easiness of acquiring support and recruitment within refugees or marginalized populations; the ability of the violent non-state transnational organization to establish a “surrogate state” in supplying institutions and services that enhance its public appeal; the relations between civil or communal conflict and the success of such groups; and the use of transnational violent groups as proxies for other states. Using the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and Hezbollah in Lebanon as the primary cases, as well as two mini-cases from Central America and Africa, the paper illustrates the working of these mechanisms and contributes to our understanding of the relations between state weakness and transnational violent non-state organizations.
Wavelet transform domain communication systems

In this paper we introduce a new class of communications systems called wavelet transform domain (WTD) systems. WTD systems are transmultiplexer (TMUX) structures in which information to be communicated over a channel is encoded, via an inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT), as the wavelet coefficients of the transmitted signal, and extracted at the receiver by a discrete wavelet transform (DWT). WTD constructs can be used for covert, or low probability of intercept/detection (LPI/D) communications, baseband bandwidth efficient communications, or code-division multiple access (CDMA). This paper concentrates on the spread spectrum applications.
The exploitation of three-dimensional flow in turbomachinery design

Abstract Many of the phenomena involved in turbomachinery flow can be understood and predicted on a two-dimensional (2D) or quasi-three-dimensional (Q3D) basis, but some aspects of the flow must be considered as fully three-dimensional (3D) and cannot be understood or predicted by the Q3D approach. Probably the best known of these fully 3D effects is secondary flow, which can only be predicted by a fully 3D calculation which includes the vorticity at inlet to the blade row. It has long been recognized that blade sweep and lean also produce fully 3D effects and approximate methods of calculating these have been developed. However, the advent of fully 3D flow field calculation methods has made predictions of these complex effects much more readily available and accurate so that they are now being exploited in design. This paper will attempt to describe and discuss fully 3D flow effects with particular reference to their use to improve turbomachine performance. Although the discussion is restricted to axial flow machines, many of the phenomena discussed are equally applicable to mixed and radial flow turbines and compressors.
Control strategies for large-scale power systems

In this paper, two control strategies are presented for the study of the control of a large-scale electric power system. In the first, the control is obtained by decomposition of the system to what are called ‘ ∊-coupled ’ subsystems, and in the second, a control strategy using closed-loop hierarchical control techniques is introduced. Finally, these two approaches are applied to a system consisting of three plants.
Hygroscopic Seeding Effects of Giant Aerosol Particles Simulated by the Lagrangian‐Particle‐Based Direct Numerical Simulation

This study investigated the microphysical responses to seeding giant aerosol particles and supersaturation fluctuations. A Lagrangian‐particle‐based direct numerical simulation is used to resolve the interactions among individual aerosols, droplets, and the fluctuating supersaturation field within a turbulent, adiabatic air parcel. It is shown that the giant seeding particles exert strong solute effects throughout the entire simulation to alter the subsequent collision–coalescence process, implying the importance of including the solute term in droplet growth. Small‐scale supersaturation fluctuations in adiabatic cloud regions have a negligible influence on aerosol activation and droplet condensation. This is because in regions free of entrainment and/or large‐scale mixing, the weak supersaturation fluctuations can be quickly smoothed out via diffusion and remain relatively small in magnitude (with a standard deviation < 0.01% ). In contrast, the activation in our simulations is determined by the seeding modulation of the parcel‐mean supersaturation.
Using Rough Set Theory to Find Minimal Log with Rule Generation

Data pre-processing is a major difficulty in the knowledge discovery process, especially feature selection on a large amount of data. In literature, various approaches have been suggested to overcome this difficulty. Unlike most approaches, Rough Set Theory (RST) can discover data de-pendency and reduce the attributes without the need for further information. In RST, the discernibility matrix is the mathematical foundation for computing such reducts. Although it proved its efficiency in feature selection, unfortunately it is computationally expensive on high dimensional data. Algorithm complexity is related to the search of the minimal subset of attributes, which requires computing an exponential number of possible subsets. To overcome this limitation, many RST enhancements have been proposed. Contrary to recent methods, this paper implements RST concepts in an iterated manner using R language. First, the dataset was partitioned into a smaller number of subsets and each subset processed independently to generate its own minimal attribute set. Within the iterations, only minimal elements in the discernibility matrix were considered. Finally, the iterated outputs were compared, and those common among all reducts formed the minimal one (Core attributes). A comparison with another novel proposed algorithm using three benchmark datasets was performed. The proposed approach showed its efficiency in calculating the same minimal attribute sets with less execution time.
Peran Pendidikan Digital Citizenship Untuk Pencegahan Perilaku Ujaran Kebencian Siswa di Media Sosial

This article describes literacy analysis on the role of education in providingguidance, prevention of cyberhate by adolescents in social media. Thedevelopment of curriculum oriented on psychological readiness of students toconfront the digital era and globalization in terms of more constructive andproductive thinking, attitude, and behavior, with one of them put into the digitalcitizenship education learning materials at the first middle school.
The Performance of Toy Sunglasses and Children's Sunglasses

: Australian Standard 1067-1983 deals with sunglasses. Sunglasses labelled as toys and not complying with dimension requirements in AS1067 are not covered by the standard. This paper deals with the compliance of children's sunglasses with the standard and compares the performance of children's sunglasses with those sold as toys. First, we could find no pair of sunglasses, toy or children's which met the standard. Second, the reasons for failure were similar in the two categories. Third, we suggest amendments to the requirements for children's sunglasses.
1.2.1 Combating Uncertainty in the Workflow of Systems Engineering Projects

Throughout the Systems Engineering Lifecycle events require personnel, systems, equipment, facilities and information to converge on time and at the right place in order to achieve a program objective. Unpredictability in any predecessor event can mean unpredictability for the overall project. The Last Planner is a production and planning method initially deployed in 1992 in the building construction industry as part of an effort to reduce work flow variability and improve production efficiency in the construction industry. The two key elements of the Last Planner are (1) a change in project management from a task‐oriented to a work‐flow oriented model and (2) processes to improve reliability of the workflow within the team or group performing the work. This paper examines the systems engineering lifecycle as a production lifecycle and explores the application of key elements of the Last Planner as a tool for system engineers to address uncertainty and unpredictability in the execution of a project.
A Cost Structure Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Management Using Panel Data

今後の容器包装リサイクル法の見直しに関する主要な論点は, 市町村と事業者の間で費用負担を誰がどの程度の費用負担をすべきかという点である。 しかし議論のために必要な市町村レベルの費用構造に関する研究はほとんどない。 そこで本研究は5年間の全国自治体データを用いてパネルデータ分析を行った。 その結果, 自治体規模が大きいほど規模の経済性の程度は減少することがわかった。 また埋立処分場を一部事務組合で広域処理を行う場合に, 埋立処分場をまったく所有しない場合と比較して, 費用を節約できることがわかった。 容器包装リサイクル法で指定された容器に関して自治体での分別の有無について費用を比較した結果, 紙製容器包装の分別を行うことによって, 分別を行わない場合よりも費用の節約につながることがわかった。
Verb Metaphoric Extension Under Semantic Strain

Abstract This paper explores the processes underlying verb metaphoric extension. Work on metaphor processing has largely focused on noun metaphor, despite evidence that verb metaphor is more common. Across three experiments, we collected paraphrases of simple intransitive sentences varying in semantic strain—for example, The motor complained → The engine made strange noises—and assessed the degree of meaning change for the noun and the verb. We developed a novel methodology for this assessment using word2vec. In Experiments 1 and 2, we found that (a) under semantic strain, verb meanings were more likely to be adjusted than noun meanings; (b) the degree of verb meaning adjustment—but not noun meaning adjustment—increased with semantic strain; and (c) verb meaning extension is primarily driven by online adjustment, although sense selection also plays a role. In Experiment 3, we replicated the word2vec results with an assessment using human subjects. The results further showed that nouns and verbs change meaning in qualitatively different ways, with verbs more likely to change meaning metaphorically and nouns more likely to change meaning taxonomically or metonymically. These findings bear on the origin and processing of verb metaphors and provide a link between online sentence processing and diachronic change over language evolution.
Influence of occupant restraint system on traumatic brain injuries

The influence of occupant restraint system on traumatic brain injuries in a front crash was computationally investigated using multibody and finite element methods in a loosely-coupled manner. A multibody dynamic analysis that includes a crash dummy and vehicle model with/without restraint system was performed. Based on the kinematic characteristics of the dummy's head obtained from the multibody dynamic analysis, two different finite element analyses with a human head model were performed. The first approach was simply to drive the finite element head model with an initial velocity and deceleration calculated from the multibody analysis. The second approach was to reconstruct the complicated crash scenario using simple head impact to a stationary wall, in which the head yielded almost identical kinematic characteristics obtained from the multibody analysis. Through the two approaches, strain-, pressure-, and motion-based brain injury metrics were assessed for three different settings of occupant restraint system.
Calculation of bandwidth for electrically thin and thick rectangular microstrip antennas with the use of multilayered perceptrons

A new, simple approach for calculating bandwidth of electrically thin and thick rectangular microstrip patch antennas, based on multilayered perceptrons network, is presented. Four learning algorithms, backpropagation, delta-bar-delta, quick propagation, and extended-delta-bar-delta are used to train perceptrons. Theoretical bandwidth results obtained using the new approach are in agreement with experimental results available in the literature. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 9: 277–286, 1999.
The impact of the supply of farmland, level of agricultural mechanisation, and supply of rural labour on grain yields in China

impacts of farmland supply, rural-labour supply, and agricultural mechanisation development on grain-crop yields in China. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration and error correction was applied to data over the period 1978-2017. The results show that farmland supply and agricultural mechanisation developments are positively associated with the growth of grain-crop yields in both the short- and long-term. However, the impact of the rural labour supply on grain yield is insignificant. Strengthening farmland protection policies and promoting innovation-based agricultural mechanisation development plays an important role in sustainable food production. Future research should focus on improving the quality of farmland, agricultural mechanisation, and finding effective strategies to protect farmland for sustainable food production. Moreover, China’s efforts to enhance the multidimensional level of agricul tural mechanisation should be encouraged.