Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exclusions: The challenge to schools

Since the discussion paper of last autumn and the likely legal effects emanating from the new Education Act, exclusion of pupils has moved from what Philip Garner describes as a ‘shadowland’ into the full light of day. Garner examines the dilemmas and challenges posed to schools, focusing on the discussion paper as the basis for his arguments. He identifies nine challenges for professionals and concludes that the present procedures appear to subvert, rather than support, the concept of an integrated approach to student difficulties. This issue is likely to continue to receive maximum publicity as schools come to grips with image and marketing.
American Thoracic Society Documents An Official American Thoracic Society/Society of Thoracic Radiology Clinical Practice Guideline: Evaluation of Suspected Pulmonary Embolism In Pregnancy

Ann N. Leung, Todd M. Bull, Roman Jaeschke, Charles J. Lockwood, Phillip M. Boiselle, Lynne M. Hurwitz, Andra H. James, Laurence B. McCullough, Yusuf Menda, Michael J. Paidas, Henry D. Royal, Victor F. Tapson, Helen T. Winer-Muram, Frank A. Chervenak, Dianna D. Cody, Michael F. McNitt-Gray, Christopher D. Stave, and Brandi D. Tuttle, on behalf of the ATS/STR Committee on Pulmonary Embolism in Pregnancy
Inductive Hashing on Manifolds

Learning based hashing methods have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to greatly increase the scale at which existing algorithms may operate. Most of these methods are designed to generate binary codes that preserve the Euclidean distance in the original space. Manifold learning techniques, in contrast, are better able to model the intrinsic structure embedded in the original high-dimensional data. The complexity of these models, and the problems with out-of-sample data, have previously rendered them unsuitable for application to large-scale embedding, however. In this work, we consider how to learn compact binary embeddings on their intrinsic manifolds. In order to address the above-mentioned difficulties, we describe an efficient, inductive solution to the out-of-sample data problem, and a process by which non-parametric manifold learning may be used as the basis of a hashing method. Our proposed approach thus allows the development of a range of new hashing techniques exploiting the flexibility of the wide variety of manifold learning approaches available. We particularly show that hashing on the basis of t-SNE [29] outperforms state-of-the-art hashing methods on large-scale benchmark datasets, and is very effective for image classification with very short code lengths.
Direct optogenetic stimulation of smooth muscle cells to control gastric contractility

Rationale: Antral peristalsis is responsible for gastric emptying. Its failure is called gastroparesis and often caused by dysfunction of enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Current treatment options, including gastric electrical stimulation, are non-satisfying and may improve symptoms but commonly fail to restore gastric emptying. Herein, we explore direct optogenetic stimulation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) via the light-gated non-selective cation channel Channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2) to control gastric motor function. Methods: We used a transgenic mouse model expressing ChR2 in fusion with eYFP under the control of the chicken-β-actin promoter. We performed patch clamp experiments to quantify light-induced currents in isolated SMC, Ca2+ imaging and isometric force measurements of antral smooth muscle strips as well as pressure recordings of intact stomachs to evaluate contractile responses. Light-induced propulsion of gastric contents from the isolated stomach preparation was quantified in video recordings. We furthermore tested optogenetic stimulation in a gastroparesis model induced by neuronal- and ICC-specific damage through methylene blue photo-toxicity. Results: In the stomachs, eYFP signals were restricted to SMC in which blue light (460 nm) induced inward currents typical for ChR2. These depolarizing currents led to contractions in antral smooth muscle strips that were stronger than those triggered by supramaximal electrical field stimulation and comparable to those evoked by global depolarization with high K+ concentration. In the intact stomach, panoramic illumination efficiently increased intragastric pressure achieving 239±46% (n=6) of the pressure induced by electrical field stimulation and triggered gastric transport. Within the gastroparesis model, electric field stimulation completely failed but light still efficiently generated pressure waves. Conclusions: We demonstrate direct optogenetic stimulation of SMC to control gastric contractility. This completely new approach could allow for the restoration of motility in gastroparesis in the future.
An evaluation of Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) in Sundargarh District of Odisha

Public Distribution System (PDS) is often termed as means for ensuring food security for the poor and needy. This research evaluates the current system of PDS in several key areas such as access, efficiency, utilization and impact in the Sundargarh district of Odisha. It also checks the respondents views regarding opting for cash transfer scheme in lieu of food grain subsidy. This study also deals with the process of procurement storage and distribution of commodities in Odisha. The study reveals that the Public Distribution System in Odisha is functioning reasonably well and has significantly improved over the years. Rice holds primary importance when compared with the two other produces, namely, wheat and kerosene; because people here are predominantly consumers of rice and very little wheat. PDS has succeeded in securing minimum food requirements yet it is often insufficient for large families. Respondents gave positive feedback about the functioning of the Fair Price Shops in terms of timing and opening but were largely dissatisfied with the attitude of the distributors. The respondents seem to be optimistic regarding cash transfer in place of food grain subsidies. However there is large exclusion and illegal inclusion errors in the system. This study also suggests some necessary policy recommendations for making the current system more efficient. There is immense potential in the scheme to emerge as the best food security measure provided issues around corruption, mismanagement and general State apathy is dealt with.
International agency for research on cancer.

When writing can change your life, when writing can enrich you by offering much money, why don't you try it? Are you still very confused of where getting the ideas? Do you still have no idea with what you are going to write? Now, you will need reading. A good writer is a good reader at once. You can define how you write depending on what books to read. This international agency for research on cancer biennial report 1998 1999 can help you to solve the problem. It can be one of the right sources to develop your writing skill.
Future of an ageing population: evidence review

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Rhenium-osmium geochronology and geochemistry of ancient lacustrine sedimentary and petroleum systems

The Re-Os geochronometer is a valuable tool able to provide precise depositional ages of marine organic-rich sedimentary rocks as well as the generation age of hydrocarbons. In addition, Os isotopes afford vital insights into seawater Os fluctuations and provide the ability to fingerprinting hydrocarbons to their source. This thesis presents new research on extending the Re-Os geochronometer to lacustrine sedimentary and petroleum systems, which provide exceptionally high-resolution records of continental geological processes as well as significant hydrocarbons sources. Lacustrine organic-rich sedimentary rocks possess similar Re and Os abundances to those found in marine successions. New Re-Os depositional dates from the Eocene Green River Formation are in agreement with Ar-Ar and U-Pb ages of intercalated tuff horizons. As also documented in marine systems, precision is controlled by the variation in initial 187Os/188Os and the range of 187Re/188Os ratios, which are controlled by depositional setting and type of organic matter. The Os isotope composition of lake water at the time of deposition suggests the lake was dominated by inputs from continental runoff, giving insights into continental weathering. The Green River Formation is the source rock for the Green River petroleum system in the Uinta Basin. Three types of hydrocarbons are derived from this petroleum system; oils, tar sands and gilsonite. Re-Os geochronology of these different hydrocarbon phases broadly agrees with previous generation models. Hydrous pyrolysis experiments yield similar Re and Os transfer systematics to the natural system observed and importantly reinforce that Os isotope compositions are directly transferred from source to hydrocarbon, providing a powerful correlation tool. Lacustrine units are also important records of Earth’s climate system. New geochemical and Re-Os data from the late Mesoproterozoic Nonesuch Formation yield a Re-Os depositional age of 1078 ± 24 Ma, while Os isotope compositions strongly support existing evidence for a lacustrine setting. Fe-S-C systematics suggest that the Nonesuch Formation was deposited from an anoxic Fe-rich water column.
Influence de la distribution spatiale de la végétation sur la production sédimentaire de ravines marneuses dans les Alpes du Sud

Dans les bassins versants torrentiels marneux des Alpes du sud, la vegetation permet de lutter efficacement contre l'erosion. L'influence de la distribution spatiale de la vegetation sur la production sedimentaire a l'exutoire des bassins versants etait cependant mal connue. Le travail de these avait donc pour objectif de mieux comprendre les interactions vegetation-erosion, ceci a l'echelle de la ravine et dans un contexte particulier de bassins versants restaures par genie ecologique. Une partie du travail a ete realisee a l'echelle metrique a plurimetrique, afin d'une part de mettre en evidence l'existence de processus de piegeage des sediments marneux par des barrieres vegetales, d'autre part d'etudier quantitativement l'efficacite de barrieres vegetales a pieger les sediments issus d'une zone en erosion donnee. Une deuxieme partie du travail a ete realisee a l'echelle de la ravine de moins d'un hectare. Elle a permis de montrer que l'activite des ravines, en terme de production sedimentaire a leur exutoire, est fortement correlee avec le pourcentage de couverture vegetale au sol dans les lits des ravines. Ces resultats sont discutes en ce qui concerne les echelles spatiales et surtout temporelles. La stabilite des ravines depend en effet de la dynamique vegetale qui s'oppose constamment a la dynamique erosive, ce rapport variant au gre des episodes climatiques exceptionnels. La prise en compte du profil en long des ravines comme indicateur de leur stabilite permet alors de proposer une typologie de ravines marneuses partiellement vegetalisees, permettant une caracterisation de leur etat d'activite erosive et de stabilisation. Une derniere partie explique comment les connaissances acquises au cours de la these peuvent etre utilisees pour proposer des strategies de gestion optimale des problemes d'erosion par le genie ecologique, aussi bien pour la rehabilitation d'ecosystemes erode��s que pour la perennisation d'ecosystemes rehabilites.
Evaluation of yield, dry matter accumulation and leaf area index in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes as affected by different sowing environments.

A field experiment was carried out during rabi season of 2007-08 and 2008-09 to evaluate the crop characteristics of wheat genotypes with three sowing environments in Pantnagar (29 N latitude, 79.3 E longitude, 243.8 m MSL). Results revealed that better photosynthesis due to greater leaf area index resulted significantly higher dry matter production with more number of tillers per plant in timely sown crop (20 November) and reduction in biomass due to delay in sowing. Leaf area index was increased upto 75 days after sowing due to the senescence stage which showed drying and shattering of leaves, thereafter, decreased successively at all the sowing dates and genotypes during both the years. The highest significant grain yield (4,580.3 kg/ha in 2007-08 and 4,080.3 kg/ha in 2008-09) was recorded with crop sown on 20 November than rest of the sowing. Grain yield decreased as sowings were delayed during both the years. The genotype PBW-343 recorded higher dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and grain yield in all stages of crop growth during both the years followed by WH-542.
The relationship between knee flexion, hip flexion, and trunk flexion angles and anterior tibial shear force during a jump-landing task

Hollie Walusz: The relationship between knee flexion, hip flexion, and trunk flexion angles and anterior tibial shear force during a jump-landing task (Under the direction of Darin Padua) Objective: To evaluate the relationships between sagittal plane knee, hip, and trunk angles with peak anterior tibial shear force (ATSF) during a jump-landing task. Subjects: Thirtythree healthy female recreational athletes with no prior history of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury volunteered to participate in this study. Measurements: Knee, hip, and trunk kinematic data were collected with an electromagnetic motion capture system during a jumplanding task. Withinand between-subject data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression statistical analyses. Results: Knee flexion angle at peak ATSF was found to be significantly correlated with peak ATSF (p=0.021, r = -0.367). Additionally, trunk flexion (world) at peak ATSF was found to have a significant positive relationship with peak ATSF (p=0.046, r =0.309). Knee flexion angle at peak ATSF was found to predict approximately 13.5% of the variance in ATSF (p=.042, R=.135). Multiple within-subject correlations and regressions were found, however they varied amongst all angles between subjects. Conclusion: Knee flexion angles appear to predict ATSF in female athletes. While hip and trunk flexion angles did not predict ATSF in this study, training should emphasize increased flexion at all three joints in order to decrease ACL injury. Sagittal plane joint angles did not explain all the variability in peak ATSF, therefore other factors need to be examined.
A Regional Guidebook for Applying the Hydrogeomorphic Approach to Assessing Functions of Forested Wetlands in the Delta Region of Arkansas, Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, Version 2.0

Abstract : The Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) Approach is a method for developing and applying indices for the site-specific assessment of wetland functions. The HGM Approach was initially designed to be used in the context of the Clean Water Act Section 404 Regulatory Program permit review process to analyze project alternatives, minimize impacts, assess unavoidable impacts, determine mitigation requirements, and monitor the success of compensatory mitigation. However, a variety of other potential uses have been identified, including the design of wetland restoration projects, and management of wetlands. This is Version 2.0 of a Regional Guidebook that presents the HGM Approach for assessing the functions of most of the wetlands that occur in the Delta Region of Arkansas, which is part of the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley. The report begins with an overview of the HGM Approach and then classifies and characterizes the principal wetlands that have been identified within the Delta Region of Arkansas. Detailed HGM assessment models and protocols are presented for six of those wetland types, or subclasses, representing all of the forested wetlands in the region other than those associated with lakes and impoundments. The following wetland subclasses are treated in detail: Flat, Mid-gradient Riverine, Low-gradient Riverine Backwater, Low-gradient Riverine Overbank, Headwater Depression, Isolated Depression, and Connected Depression. For each wetland subclass, the guidebook presents (a) the rationale used to select the wetland functions considered in the assessment process, (b) the rationale used to select assessment model variables, (c) the rationale used to develop assessment models, and (d) the functional index calibration curves developed from reference wetlands that are used in the assessment models. The guidebook outlines an assessment protocol for using the model variables and functional indices to assess each of the wetland subclasses.
Derivation of Anthropometry Based Body Fat Equations for the Army's Weight Control Program

Abstract : Large inter-observer variability is a major disadvantage to the use of skinfold measurements for the prediction of percent body fat. This is particularly relevant in the Army's weight control program where standardized training is difficult for the large number of required observers located worldwide and who frequently turn over due to reassignment. This necessitated the development of an alternative method that required no formal training, could be administered by non-technical personnel and had low inter-observer variability. This report describes circumference-based equations that were developed to replace the skinfold equations. The equation selected for males was: % body fat = 46.892 - (68.678 x Log(10) height) + (76.462 x Log(10) (abdominal circumference - neck circumference)) with a R of 0.817 and a SEE of 4.020. The selected female equation was: % BF = -35.601 - (0.515 x height) + (0. 173 x hip circumference) - (1.574 x forearm circumference) - (0.533 x neck circumference) - (0.200 x wrist circumference) + (105.328 x Log(10) weight) with a R of 0.82 and SEE of 3.598. The equations apply to all ages and racial groups. Conversion tables were developed for easy calculation of percent body fat from the raw measurements of circumferences, height and weight. The equations better predict % body fat measured by hydrostatic weighing than do the previously used Durnin-Womersley skinfold equations when considering all ages, racial groups and degrees of adiposity.
Predicting the Mishrif Reservoir quality in the Mesopotamian Basin, southern Iraq

The middle Cretaceous Mishrif Formation contains a widespread carbonate succession of Cenomanian-Early Turonian age in the Mesopotamian Basin of southern Iraq. More than one third of the proven Iraqi reserves are found within the rudist-bearing carbonate reservoirs of the Mishrif Formation. Rudist facies coincide with the crestal areas of many fields in the region, particularly in those anticlines that show evidence of synsedimentary structural growth. However, other structures have also proven to be non-productive at this level because of the presence of tight or microporous offshore facies instead of rudist-bearing reservoir facies. Difficulty in predicting reservoir distribution is due to the complex palaeogeography. It would appear that following drowning of the uniform and extensive Albian carbonate platform, the Mishrif Formation was established along a NW-oriented zone that is largely bounded by the East Baghdad and Hamrin-Makhul structures and their continuation towards Iran (as the Bala Rud zone). To the southwest of this zone, the intra-shelf basin carbonates of the Rumaila Formation were deposited. Whereas to the northeast, the sub-basinal carbonates of the Dokan Formation were deposited. Across the Mishrif Formation facies belt, sequences show stacked or sometimes shingled geometries. As a result, each field shows different combinations of pay zones, barriers and seal geometries. Detailed palaeogeographical reconstruction on a systems tract basis can be used to construct play fairway maps for exploring this carbonate system, particularly with respect to finding stratigraphic traps. Many existing anticlines, tested by one or more wells that are thought to be ‘dry’, may turn out to have productive facies along strike, or down-dip on the flanks. In addition, pure stratigraphic traps may be found in relatively undeformed ‘synclinal’ areas between the major anticlines. However, exploring such trap types will require 3-D seismic to pin-point tune the positions of the external and internal shelf margins via the application of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy.
Childhood obesity prevention in China: a mixed-methods approach to inform development of theoretically based interventions

Background: Childhood obesity is increasing rapidly in China. However, research into environmental contributors to the problem is limited. Formative research that informs theoretically based prevention interventions is also lacking. Objectives and Methods: To inform the development of obesity prevention interventions among urban Chinese primary school students by: 1.exploring perceived factors contributing to obesogenic behaviours (17 focus groups and 4 interviews, n=99 including 42 males), 2. exploring preferred components and delivery strategies for future preventive interventions (17 focus groups), 3. examining the relationship of family and neighbourhood environmental factors, to child weight status as well as related dietary and physical activity behaviours (cross-sectional study, n=497). Results: Inter-related social, historical, regulatory, policy, knowledge and economic factors emerged as factors influencing attitudes, social norms and perceptions of control in relation to obesogenic behaviours. Among those, grandparents emerged as a dominant but relatively easy- to- modify theme. In parallel, the presence and role of grandparents were significantly correlated with child weight status and snacking behaviour. Conclusions: The family environment has important influences on childhood obesity and obesegenic behaviours. Drawing on the overall findings, potential targets, components and delivery strategies are discussed using a Social Marketing framework for future prevention intervention.
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Psychotherapy in Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Viewpoint

Among the most prevalent psychiatric conditions stand anxiety and depression. Psychotherapy and medications are considered effective treatments in these clinical settings. However, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy (i.e., cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)) administered in monotherapy or in a combined regimen do not result in satisfactory outcomes in all patients. Therefore, finding new treatments would be of great help. In the last three decades, noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has emerged as a safe tool to improve several neuropsychiatric symptoms. The following work revisits the available reports that assessed the add-on value of NIBS techniques when combined to psychotherapy (CBT or related interventions) in mood and anxiety disorders. The available protocols targeted the prefrontal cortex, a region that was previously found to have an enhanced activity or functional connectivity after psychotherapeutic interventions. Promising yet scarce evidence exists on this matter. A discrepancy exists among the available reports regarding the type and duration of interventions, the patients’ clinical profiles, and the presence of a sham intervention. NIBS may have acted by enhancing psychotherapy effects on the top-down cognitive control of emotions. Combining both therapies may result in promising effects, but future large-scale trials are needed to judge the utility of this combination in psychiatric populations.