Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Core conceptual flaws in human behavioral ecology

The recent emergence of movement ecology and niche construction paradigms in evolutionary ecology bring into clear focus the conceptual shortcomings of older foraging models currently employed in Human Behavioral Ecology. Along with increasing archaeological evidence, these new perspectives call into question the basic utility of HBE as a framework of understanding for complex human evolutionary processes, including the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture.
Image-based Classification of Variable Stars: First Results from Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment Data

Recently, machine learning methods have presented a viable solution for the automated classification of image-based data in various research fields and business applications. Scientists require a fast and reliable solution in order to handle increasingly large amounts of astronomical data. However, so far astronomers have been mainly classifying variable starlight curves based on various pre-computed statistics and light curve parameters. In this work we use an image-based Convolutional Neural Network to classify the different types of variable stars. We use images of phase-folded light curves from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE)-III survey for training, validating, and testing, and use OGLE-IV survey as an independent data set for testing. After the training phase, our neural network was able to classify the different types between 80% and 99%, and 77%–98%, accuracy for OGLE-III and OGLE-IV, respectively.
"FINAL ACCEPTED VERSION" A 1 adenosine receptor knock-out mice are protected against acute radiocontrast nephropathy in vivo.

The role of renal A 1 adenosine receptors (AR) in the pathogenesis of radiocontrast nephropathy is controversial. We aimed to further elucidate the role of A 1 AR in the pathogenesis of radiocontrast nephropathy and determine whether renal proximal tubule A 1 AR contribute to the radiocontrast nephropathy. To induce radiocontrast nephropathy, A 1 AR wild type (WT) or knockout (KO) mice were injected with a non-ionic radiocontrast (iohexol, 1.5-3 grams iodine/kg). Some A 1 WT mice were pretreated with 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, a selective A 1 AR antagonist) before iohexol injection. A 1 AR contribute to the pathogenesis of radiocontrast nephropathy in vivo as the A 1 WT mice developed significantly worse acute renal failure, more renal cortex vacuolization and had lower survival 24 hrs after iohexol treatment compared to the A 1 KO mice. DPCPX pretreatment also protected the A 1 WT mice against radiocontrast induced acute renal failure. No differences in renal cortical apoptosis or inflammation were observed between A 1 WT and A 1 KO mice. To determine whether the proximal tubular A 1 AR mediate the direct renal cytotoxicity of radiocontrast, we treated proximal tubules in culture with iohexol with or without 2-chloro-N 6 cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA, a selective A 1 AR agonist) or DPCPX pretreatment. We also subjected cultured proximal tubule cells over-expressing A 1 AR or lacking A 1 AR to radiocontrast injury. Iohexol caused direct dose-dependent reduction in proximal tubule cell viability as well as proliferation. No previous study examined the direct effects of A 1 AR modulation on the toxicity of radiocontrast in proximal tubules. We used HK-2 cells which are immortalized human proximal tubules in culture as well as LLC-PK1 cells and primary cultures of mouse proximal tubules isolated from A 1 WT and A 1 KO mice. Use of several proximal tubular cell lines strengthens the conclusion derived from our studies that the cytotoxic renal tubular effect of iohexol is not specific to a single cell line. We show in this study that unlike our murine model of radiocontrast nephropathy, A 1 AR does not appear to play a role in modulating the toxicity of radiocontrast in cultured proximal tubules. Our study shows that either lacking A 1 AR or over-expressing A 1 AR had no effect on renal tubular damage from radiocontrast.
Proportion of Acute Transfusion Reaction and Associated Factors Among Adult Transfused Patients at Felege Hiwot Compressive Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction Acute transfusion reactions are adverse events occurring within 24 hrs of transfusion and cause simple-to-severe complications. They may vary with the blood component transfused and recipient factors. In Ethiopia, there is a limited evidence about the incidence and associated factors of transfusion reactions. Objective To determine the proportion of acute transfusion reactions and associated factors among adult transfused patients. Methods A total of 384 study participants were included in the study. Structured questionnaires were used for socio-demographic and past medical history data collection. Vital signs were measured as a baseline for every study participants and monitored and followed for 24 hrs. Laboratory tests like complete blood count, direct anti-human globulin test and urine hemoglobin were done as a baseline for suspected patients. Cross-match, blood grouping, and blood culture for patients and donors sample were also done for suspected patients. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression were analyzed using SPSS version 20. P-value of <0.05 in the multivariable model was considered as statistically significant. Results Acute transfusion reactions were observed in 5.2% of patients. Of total cases of acute transfusion reaction, the majority developed allergic reactions (65%) and febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (30%). It was significantly associated with transfusion history (AOR=3.4; 95% CI: 1.2–9.7), abortion history (AOR=5.0; 95% CI: 1.5–16.4), longer blood storage time (AOR=5.1; 95% CI: 1.7–15.2) and receiving three or more unit of blood (AOR= 4.1; 95% CI: 1.5–11.2). Conclusion Acute transfusion reactions were observed in 5.2% of patients (allergic reactions (65%), febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (30%) and alloimmunization (5%)). Patients with a history of transfusion, abortion, transfused with blood stored ≥14 days and multi-transfused patients should be closely monitored.
Characterization and Correlation of EPG Waveforms of Bactericera Cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae): Variability in Waveform Appearance in Relation to Applied Signal

ABSTRACT The tomato-potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), was recently shown to be a vector of “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” (Lso), a phloem-limited bacterium that is the putative causal agent of “zebra chip” in potato and unnamed diseases in other solanaceous species. Despite its importance, very little is known about B. cockerelli stylet probing behaviors that control transmission of Lso to its host plants. Herein, we report the first study characterizing the electrical penetration graph waveforms representing stylet penetration behaviors of the B. cockerelli feeding on potato. Waveforms produced by adult B. cockerelli on potato were also correlated using light microscopy of salivary sheath termini in plant tissue after probes were artificially terminated during the identified waveforms. In addition, behavioral activities were inferred based on electrical origins of waveforms as well as similarities in waveform appearances with those of other psyllids, aphids, and whiteflies. Adult B. cockerelli produced six waveform families and four types, which represent the following proposed biological meanings: family A, initial penetration and sheath salivation; family B, penetration of epidermal cells; family C, secretion of most of the salivary sheath and stylet pathway in mesophyll and parenchyma, with two types, C1 and C2, of unknown meaning; family D, initial contact with phloem cells; family E, activities in phloem cells, with two types, El, putative phloem salivation, and E2, phloem sap ingestion; and family G, xylem ingestion. In addition, a previously unreported variant of waveform G was characterized and correlated with applied signal type. Variation in D and G waveform appearances was correlated with polarity, type, and magnitude of applied signal. Results suggest that active phloem sap ingestion during E2 may play a critical role in acquisition of Lso bacterial cells. E1 may be important in inoculation of the bacterium into phloem sieve elements because it may represent salivation into phloem sieve elements. Analysis of B. cockerelli waveforms could lead to faster development of resistant host plant varieties, strengthen integrated pest management strategies by incorporating alternative plant hosts, and maximize the efficiency of pesticides.
Orientations to Wellbeing in the Context of Medicine and Nursing-A Preliminary Study on Students’ Perspective in Their Early University Years

Medicine in the 21st century needs to be patient-or, rather, person-centered. Accordingly, medical education needs to adopt an authentic student-centered stance and also include an emphasis on wellbeing and quality of life-starting in medical students` university years. Studies on eudaimonic and hedonic aspects of wellbeing in academic contexts might offer valuable insights for conceptualizing and implementing medical teaching. Our research aimed at exploring eudaimonic and hedonic orientations in students in their first years of medical and nursing studies, in relation to outcomes like satisfaction, subjective meaning experience and engagement with university studies. We also wanted to evaluate the feasibility of using a translated version of HEMA (Hedonic and Eudaimonc Motives for Action) Scale in our university students. 120 1st and 2nd year students of our university completed HEMA and questionnaires evaluating the above-mentioned outcomes, in one session. The instrument demonstrated good reliability (assessed by Cronbach`s alpha coefficients) and also captured valuable correlations with students satisfaction, subjective sense of meaning and engagement with their studies. Importantly, eudaimonic subscores were moderately but significantly correlated with Hedonic enjoyment ones, as previously reported. Exploratory Principal Component Analysis suggested two or three factors, but a larger group would be needed to confirm the factor structure of the Romanian version of the test. Conclusions: HEMA is applicable in this academic context, in Romanian, has good reliability and promises to offer valuable insights into students` orientations, helping us support their aspirations and shape our teaching so that they could benefit the most from it.
Two-Dimensional Materials for Energy-Efficient Spin-Orbit Torque Devices.

Spin-orbit torques (SOTs), which rely on spin current generation from charge current in a nonmagnetic material, promise an energy-efficient scheme for manipulating magnetization in magnetic devices. A critical topic for spintronic devices using SOTs is to enhance the charge to spin conversion efficiency. Besides, the current-induced spin polarization is usually limited to in-plane, whereas out-of-plane spin polarization could be favored for efficient perpendicular magnetization switching. Recent advances in utilizing two important classes of two-dimensional materials - topological insulators and transition-metal dichalcogenides - as spin sources to generate SOT shed light on addressing these challenges. Topological insulators such as bismuth selenide have shown a giant SOT efficiency, which is larger than those from three-dimensional heavy metals by at least one order of magnitude. Transition-metal dichalcogenides such as tungsten telluride have shown a current-induced out-of-plane spin polarization, which is allowed by the reduced symmetry. In this review, we use symmetry arguments to predict and analyze SOTs in two-dimensional material-based heterostructures. We summarize the recent progress of SOT studies based on topological insulators and transition-metal dichalcogenides and show how these results are in line with the symmetry arguments. At last, we identify unsolved issues in the current studies and suggest three potential research directions in this field.
The influence of coping, perceptions of limitations, interference, and locus of control on concussion care-seeking intentions in collegiate athletes

Background: Athletes who delay seeking care for a suspected concussion can experience longer recovery outcomes. Concussion care-seeking intentions may be influenced by several understudied factors; coping, perceptions of limitations, perceptions of interference, and locus of control. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe and compare coping, perceptions of limitations, perceptions of interference, and locus of control and determine whether these variables influence symptom and concussion care-seeking intentions in collegiate student-athletes. Methods: Collegiate student-athletes (n=204; female=54.9%) reported demographic information (i.e., sex, division, and contact level), symptom and concussion care-seeking intentions, coping (approach, social, and avoidance), perceptions of limitations, perceptions of interference, and locus of control ratings (internal, powerful others, and chance). Non-parametric statistics was conducted to compare all outcomes between groups (α=0.05). Multiple linear regressions were used to predict symptom and concussion care-seeking intentions based on each of the variables. Spearman rank-order correlations supplemented the regression models. Results: Females had significantly higher symptom care-seeking intentions (P=0.04) and greater powerful other ratings (P=0.04) than males. Non-contact student-athletes had significantly higher symptom care-seeking intentions (P<0.00) compared to collision sport athletes. Coping, perceptions of limitations, perceptions of interference, and locus of control did not significantly predict symptom or concussion care-seeking intentions. There was a weak positive association between perceptions of limitations and symptom care-seeking intentions (rs(198)=0.23, P<0.01) and concussion care-seeking intentions (rs(198)=0.15, P<0.05). Conclusions: We may not need to focus extensively on coping, perceptions of limitations, perceptions of interference, and locus of control ratings when creating concussion education since none of these variables significantly predicted care-seeking intentions. Relevance for Patients: Care-seeking intentions for concussion do not appear to be influenced largely by these variables.
EFFECT OF CADMIUM STRESS ON AMINO ACID AND POLYAMINE CONTENT OF WHEAT SEEDLINGS

The effect of cadmium and combined cadmium and titanium-ascorbate or magnesium was examined on wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Alfold-90). The one-week-old hydroponically-grown seedlings of wheat were exposed to Cd 2+ (10 -7 M, 10 -3 M), Cd 2+ (10 -7 M, 10 -3 M) + titanium-ascorbate (5 μ g L -1 ) and Cd 2+ (10 -7 M, 10 -3 M) + 1 % MgCl 2 stresses. The stress effects were followed by changes in free amino acid and polyamine contents in roots and shoots. The results showed significant differences between the two organs of the plant (root and shoot) with respect to the biochemical response to the applied stress. The cadmium stress caused the accumulation of proline in both shoots and roots. Both titanium-ascorbate and magnesium treatments seemed to reduce the negative effects of cadmium damage in wheat seedlings.
Lignosulfonate Salt Tolerance and the Effect on Emulsion Stability

In this article, we adapted and compared methods to assess lignosulfonates for technical applications. Salt-induced agglomeration and precipitation were studied via mechanical separation and subsequent UV spectrometry. The effect of lignosulfonates on emulsion stability was investigated in two steps: measuring the amount of oil separated after centrifugation and subjecting the remaining emulsion to shear in a rheometer. To complement the results, interfacial tension (IFT) was measured by the spinning drop technique, and the droplet size distribution was determined via a laser scattering technique. The observed trends in lignosulfonate salt tolerance and emulsion stabilization efficiency were opposite; that is, samples with low salt tolerance generally exhibited better emulsion stabilization and vice versa. This tendency was further matched by the hydrophobic characteristic of the lignosulfonates. The droplet size distributions of lignosulfonate-stabilized emulsions were similar. The effect of lignosulfonates on IFT depended on the oil phase and sample concentration. As a general trend, the IFT was lower for lignosulfonates with low average molecular weights. It was concluded that the adapted techniques allowed for detailed assessment of lignosulfonates with respect to salt tolerance and emulsion stabilization. In addition, it was found that the suitability for these applications can to some extent be predicted by the analytical data.
Smoking: Is it a Risk Factor for Common Warts?

Introduction: Common warts are one of the most prevalent infections affecting the skin. Common warts are caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV), which are ubiquitous in our environment. Most HPV infections are directly controlled and cleared by host immune system, although each case has the potential to persist and transform into a recalcitrant form. It is not exactly clear why certain populations are more susceptible to common warts. Aim: To investigate factors affecting the occurence and outcome of common warts. Material and methods: A total of 188 consecutive patients with common warts (106 men, 82 women) and 188 controls were prospectively enrolled. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. The Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis, with a significance threshold of p<0.05. Results: There were not any significant associations between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, accompanying diseases, medications, family history of warts and the duration of warts (p=0.102, p=0.317, p=0.535, p=0.535, p=0.535, respectively). There were not any significant associations between cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, accompanying diseases, medications, family history of warts and the number of warts (p=0.232, p=0.762, p=0.389, p=0.389, p=0.824, respectively). Conclusions: Our study has revealed that smoking is not a risk factor for common warts. However, we suspect the lack of statistical differences are likely due to small sample size of the study. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
Productivity and nutrient uptake of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) under different spacing and nutrient levels.

The experiment was conducted in split plot design with 3 replications during kharif, 2010 at Research Area of Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The combination of three spacing and two time of N fertilizer application were kept in main plots while three nutrient levels were kept in subplots. Seed cotton yield (kg/ha) was highest in closer spacing (100 x 40 cm), respectively. Plant spacing had a significant effect on N and K uptake but non significant effect was noticed on phosphorus uptake. For total NPK uptake cotton seed was highest in S 1 with a significant difference with S 2 . Nitrogen uptake was non significant. Total uptake of NPK by cotton crop under F 1 and F 3 fertilizer doses did not differ significantly. Maximum potassium uptake was recorded in T 2 followed by T 1 . The time of N fertilizer application did not differ in N, P and K uptake by cotton seed as well as total uptake by crop. Seed cotton, cotton seed and lint yields ( kg/ha) were highest at closer spacing (100 x 40 cm) as compared to 100 x50 cm and 100 x 60 cm spacings, respectively. Time of N fertilizer application influenced significantly the seed cotton, cotton seed and lint yields (kg/ha). Maximum seed cotton, cotton seed and lint yields (kg/ha) were recorded with 3 splits applications of N fertilizer as compared to 2 splits. Maximum seed cotton, cotton seed and lint yields (kg/ha) were recorded with 100 per cent RDF followed by 125 per cent RDF. Plant spacing had a significant effect on available N, P and K content of soil after harvest of crop. Maximum N, P and K content in soil were observed with 100 x 60 cm spacing as compared to other spacings. The maximum available N, P and K in soil was observed with 2 split doses of N application as compared to 3 split doses of N application. Significantly higher available N, P and K in soil after harvest of crop was found with 125 per cent RDF, which is significantly superior over 75 per cent RDF and 100 per cent RDF.
A case of dual three-column thoracic spinal fractures following traumatic injury

Background: Thoracic spine fracture-dislocations due to motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) rarely involve double- level, noncontiguous lesions. Case Description: A 19-year-old male following an MVA was paraplegic; he exhibited full motor/sensory loss below the T4 level (i.e., ASIA scale Grade A). The chest X-ray, magnetic resonance, and computed tomography studies confirmed T3–T5 and T11–12 fractures, warranting T3–L3 thoracolumbar decompression and fusion. Despite surgical intervention, the patient’s neurological status remained unchanged. Conclusion: This case illustrates the rare presentation of noncontiguous, posttraumatic thoracic spinal lesions requiring simultaneous decompression/fixation.
Myelin Basic Protein Phospholipid Complexation Likely Competes with Deimination in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model

Multiple sclerosis has complex pathogenesis encompassing a variety of components (immunologic, genetic, and environmental). The autoimmunogenicity against the host’s myelin basic protein is a major contributor. An increase in myelin basic protein deimination (a post-translational modification) and a change in phospholipid composition have been associated with multiple sclerosis. The interaction of myelin basic protein with phospholipids in the myelin membrane is an important contributor to the stability and maintenance of proper myelin sheath function. The study of this aspect of multiple sclerosis is an area that has yet to be fully explored and that the present study seeks to understand. Several biochemical methods, a capillary electrophoresis coupled system and mass spectrometry, were used in this study. These methods identified four specific phospholipids complexing with myelin basic protein. We show that lysophosphatidylcholine 18:1 provides a robust competitive effect against hyper-deimination. Our data suggest that lysophosphatidylcholine 18:1 has a different biochemical behavior when compared to other phospholipids and lysophosphatidylcholines 14:0, 16:0, and 18:0.
Combining ability and heritability for vitamin C and total soluble solids in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Twenty-one F1 hybrids and seven parental genotypes were used to assess combining ability and heritability for vitamin C and total soluble solids in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The mean squares for general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities were highly significant for the two traits, suggesting the importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects. However, additive gene action was more important, as GCA estimates were much higher than SCA effects. Among the parental genotypes, ‘Mareko Shote’ and ‘PBC 142A’, and ‘PBC 142A’ were good general combiners for vitamin C and total soluble solids, respectively, and could be used to improve these traits in pepper breeding programmes for the accumulation of favourable genes. They also showed the highest per se performance (315.3 mg 100 g−1 and 18.5 Brix, respectively) for the two quality traits. The narrow sense heritability estimate for vitamin C was relatively high (54.8%) indicating that the environment had a less pronounced effect on this trait. The heritability for total soluble solids was low (15%). Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry