Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A View-Invariant Representation of Human Action

The representation plays an important role in recognition and understanding of human action from video sequences. A view-invariant representation of action consisting of dynamic instants and intervals, which is computed using spatiotemporal curvature of a trajectory, is presented. In order to validate our representation, we report experiments on several different actions performed by different people, and captured in different viewpoints.
Arabidopsis CULLIN4 Forms an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase with RBX1 and the CDD Complex in Mediating Light Control of Development

Repression of photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana requires activity of the COP9 signalosome (CSN), CDD, and COP1 complexes, but how these three complexes work in concert to accomplish this important developmental switch has remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis CULLIN4 (CUL4) associates with the CDD complex and a common catalytic subunit to form an active E3 ubiquitin ligase both in vivo and in vitro. The partial loss of function of CUL4 resulted in a constitutive photomorphogenic phenotype with respect to morphogenesis and light-regulated gene expression. Furthermore, CUL4 exhibits a synergistic genetic interaction with COP10 and DET1. Therefore, this CUL4-based E3 ligase is essential for the repression of photomorphogenesis. This CUL4-based E3 ligase appears to associate physically with COP1 E3 ligase and positively regulates the COP1-dependent degradation of photomorphogenesis-promoting transcription factors, whereas the CSN controls the biochemical modification of CUL4 essential for E3 activity. Thus, this study suggests a biochemical activity connection between CSN and CDD complexes in their cooperation with COP1 in orchestrating the repression of photomorphogenesis.
Distributed estimation of latent parameters in state space models using separable likelihoods

Motivated by object tracking applications with networked sensors, we consider multi sensor state space models. Estimation of latent parameters in these models requires centralisation because the parameter likelihood depend on the measurement histories of all of the sensors. Consequently, joint processing of multiple histories pose difficulties in scaling with the number of sensors. We propose an approximation with a node-wise separable structure thereby removing the need for centralisation in likelihood computations. When leveraged with Markov random field models and message passing algorithms for inference, these likelihoods facilitate decentralised estimation in tracking networks as well as scalable computation schemes in centralised settings. We establish the connection between the approximation quality of the proposed separable likelihoods and the accuracy of state estimation based on individual sensor histories. We demonstrate this approach in a sensor network self-localisation example.
Modeling of main leakage currents and their contribution to channel current in Fin-FETs

Gate current present in double-gate fully depleted MOSFETs can significantly contribute to its measured channel current. For this reason the presence of direct tunneling and GIDL effects on the total gate and drain currents of Fin-FETs with different dimensions is analyzed. To fulfill this task, expressions for the leakage current due to direct tunneling and GIDL effects at the metal-gate/high-k structure were established and incorporated in the Symmetric Doped Double-Gate Model (SDDGM) for MOSFETs. It is shown that both phenomena have to be taken into account for precise modeling in all the operation regions. The behavior of gate tunneling current in all regimes of operation, as a function of applied potentials and transistor physical parameters, was derived and expressed in the form on a single equation, incorporated to the SDDGM. Agreement observed between modeled and experimental transfer characteristics in inversion, depletion and accumulation region was excellent for Fin-FETs with different dimensions.
Treemaps for Search-Tree Visualization

Large Alpha-Beta search trees generated by game-playing programs are hard to represent graphically. This paper describes how treemaps can be applied to the visualization of these trees. The principle of treemaps is presented, and difficulties of its application to the particular structure of search trees are reviewed. An original “ordered squarified” layout is proposed. It has been implemented in a freely available program, that can be easily re-used by computer-chess programmers. Introduction Many game-playing programs are based on the alpha-beta algorithm [5] and can explore huge search trees in a few seconds. Being able to visualize these large trees could be of a great help to tune search algorithms. Unfortunately, they may have millions of nodes (up to 200 million nodes per second for Deep Blue [3]), and traditional node-and-link diagrams do not allow to represent them conveniently. Treemaps, developed by Shneiderman and Johnson [6, 4], are particularly well adapted to this problem. They are extremely efficient to represent extensive attributes (size, cost, value) of elements organized in a hierarchy. Their first application was the visualization of disk usage in a large directory structure. This paper shows how the visualization of search trees can also take advantage of treemaps properties. The first section of this paper presents the general basic principle of treemap visualization. The second part deals with aspects of this problem that are specific to alphabeta trees. In particular, obtaining a good aspect ratio for rectangles while keeping move-ordering information is a key issue. An “ordered squarified” layout is proposed to solve this problem. 1 Principle Figure 1 illustrates the principle of treemaps. The whole tree is represented as a rectangle. Each sub-tree is represented as a sub-rectangle of its parent rectangle. At the first level of the hierarchy, the whole rectangle is split vertically. Then, sub-rectangles are split horizontally. Sub-sub-rectangles are split vertically, and so on. Each splitting is done so that the area covered by a rectangle is proportional to the number of nodes it contains.
Spectral Transforms for Large Boolean Functions with Applications to Technology Mapping

The Walsh transform has numerous applications in computer-aided design, but the usefulness of these techniques in practice has been limited by the size of the boolean functions that can be transformed. Currently available techniques limit the functions to less than 20 variables. In this paper, we show how to compute concise representations of the Walsh transform for functions with several hundred variables. We have applied our techniques to boolean technology mapping and, in certain cases, we obtained a speed up of as much as 50% for the matching phase.
Evolution of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in sarcomere mutation carriers

Objective The early natural history of sarcomere mutations and the evolution to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are poorly characterised. To describe phenotypic progression, we compared mutation carriers who developed HCM to those who did not during prospective longitudinal investigation. Methods Sarcomere mutation carriers without baseline left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were studied during participation in a pilot clinical trial testing diltiazem versus placebo. 38 participants (mean±SD age 15.8±8.6 years) were followed for a median of 2.9 years (range 1.0–5.1 years) with imaging and biomarker analysis. 4 participants (mean baseline age 13.8±3.9 years) developed HCM and were compared to those without phenotypic progression. Results Participants who developed HCM were all children/adolescents and members of families with more highly penetrant mutations. At baseline, participants who developed HCM had a higher left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (74±2% vs 69±1%, p=0.02), lower global E′ velocity (11.2±0.5 vs 14.8±0.4 cm/s, p<0.0001), higher N terminal pro peptide of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) values (208±72 vs 57±13 pg/mL, p=0.04), longer posterior mitral leaflets, and more prevalent ECG abnormalities. During follow-up, these parameters and cardiac troponin values continued to diverge in participants who developed HCM, although LV wall thickness stabilised. Conclusions LV relaxation, ECG changes, mitral leaflet length, and serum NT-proBNP concentrations appeared more prominently abnormal at baseline in preclinical sarcomere mutation carriers who imminently progressed to HCM. LVH appears to stabilise within 2 years of onset. Further investigation is needed to improve our understanding of the evolution of this disease. Trial registration number NCT00319982; Post-results.
Modelling the inter-stand tension of a steel cold mill based on dynamic high order neural networks

The paper presents a particular type of multi-layer neural networks that can be used for modelling non-linear dynamic processes. The neurons of these networks are characterized by non-linearly pre-processed inputs. Dynamic properties can be obtained by adding a filter to the neuron. The networks, built with this type of neurons, have a structure that develops during the training process in such a way that fits the complexity of the modelled system. Applications of these networks for the system identification of a complex industrial process are discussed in the final part.
DESUMA: A Tool Integrating GIDDES and UMDES

The key features of the software tool DESUMA for the study of discrete event systems modeled by finite-state automata are highlighted. DESUMA is the tool resulting from the integration of the UMDES library of routines for the study of discrete event systems (developed at the University of Michigan) within the graphical environment for visualizing discrete event systems (developed at Mount Allison University)
Analogy and Bisimulation: A Comparison of Indurkhya's Cognitive Models and Heuristic-Driven Theory Projection

The majority of formal approaches to analogy models analogies as structure preserving mappings from source to target domain. Bipin Indurkhya developed a formal theory of analogies and cognitive processes in general, where source and target are represented as concept networks, which are special kinds of algebras. The relation between them is modeled as an algebra as well. Another approach, which is also algebraic in nature, is heuristic-driven theory projection. It represents source and target domains as theories. Heuristic-driven theory projection is based on the idea that anti-unification can be used for modeling analogies. The analogical relation between source and target is induced by a heuristic algorithm that computes a third theory that is a generalization of source and target theories. In this thesis, the concepts of analogy and bisimulation, a notion expressing structural identity without being isomorphic, are brought together. The relations that model the connection between source and target in Indurkhya’s theory and in heuristic-driven theory projection are compared to each other and to bisimulation. Conditions are specified under which these relations are bisimulations.
High temperature tribological behaviour of Al/Al2O3 composite coating on γ-TiAl

To improve the high temperature wear resistance of Ti–46·5Al–1Cr–1·5V, an Al/Al2O3 composite ceramic coating was prepared on it by radio frequency sputtering. In this paper, microstructure, elements distribution, phase identification of the Al/Al2O3 composite coating were investigated. Also, its nanohardness and elastic modulus were examined. High temperature dry sliding wear behaviour at 300°C was analysed in details. The results indicated that the homogeneous and dense composite coating was about 20 μm thick. Additionally, the composite coating possessed higher H/E and H3/E2 ratios than those of substrate. Compared to the substrate, the Al/Al2O3 composite coating recorded a lower friction coefficient and the volume loss of Al/Al2O3 coating was only 1/3 of the bare substrate under dry sliding conditions at 300°C. All the results demonstrated that the Al/Al2O3 coating has effectively improved the wear resistance of Ti–46·5Al–1Cr–1·5V at 300°C.
A Problem of Automatic Segmentation of Digital Dental Panoramic X-Ray Images for Forensic Human Identiﬁcation

Dental radiographic images are one of the most popular biometrics used in the process of forensic human identi-ﬁcation. This led to the creation of the Automatic Dental Identiﬁcation System with the goal of decreasing the time it takes to perform a single search in a large database of dental records. A fully automated system identifying people based on dental X-ray images requires a prior segmentation of the radiogram into sections containing a single tooth. In this paper, a novel method for such segmentation is presented, developed for the dental radiographic images depicting the full dentition - pantomograms. The described method utilizes the locations of areas between necks of teeth to determine the separating lines and does not depend on the articulation of gaps between adjacent teeth, thus improving the results achieved in the situation of severe occlusions.
Outage Analysis in MIMO Free-Space Optical Channels with Pulse-Position Modulation

Free space optical communication is an attractive alternative to radio frequency for the purpose of transmitting data on the order of gigabits per second. The main drawback in communicating via the free space optical channel is the detrimental effect the atmosphere has on a propagating laser beam. Atmospheric turbulence causes random fluctuations in the irradiance of the received optical laser beam, commonly referred to as scintillation. The scintillation process is slow compared to the large data rates typical of optical transmission. As such, we adopt a quasi-static block fading model and study the outage probability of the channel under the assumption of orthogonal pulse-position modulation. We investigate the mitigation of scintillation through the use of multiple lasers and multiple apertures, thereby creating a multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) channel. Non-ideal photodetection is also assumed such that the combined shot noise and thermal noise are considered as signal-independent additive Gaussian white noise. Assuming perfect receiver channel state information (CSI), we compute the signal-to-noise ratio exponents for the cases when the scintillation is lognormal, exponential, gamma-gamma and lognormal-Rice distributed, which cover a wide range of atmospheric turbulence conditions. Furthermore, we illustrate very large gains, in some cases larger than 20 dB, when transmitter CSI is also available by adapting the transmitted electrical power. N. Letzepis is with Institute for Telecommunications Research, University of South Australia, SPRI Building Mawson Lakes Blvd., Mawson Lakes SA 5095, Australia, e-mail: nick.letzepis@unisa.edu. au. A. Guillen i Fabregas is with the Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK, e-mail: guillen@ieee.org.
Resveratrol more effectively than quercetin reduces endothelium degeneration and level of necrosis factor α in patients with coronary artery disease.

INTRODUCTION endothelial dysfunction (ED) is one of the most important links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (ASVD) - morphological basis of coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVE to study the effect of polyphenolic antioxidants, resveratrol and quercetin, on endothelial degeneration factors in CAD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS the study involved 93 patients with coronary artery disease: stable angina pectoris, FC II. The cytofluorometric technique was applied to define the level of circulating endothelial microparticles (EMP) CD32+CD40+ in peripheral blood in order to identify ED. The content of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), fibrinogen, hemocoagulation and lipid profile parameters were being determined in the blood, as well. Patients were divided into 3 groups. Basic therapy (β-blockers, statins, aspirin) was prescribed to 33 persons of the comparison group, patients of the study group 1 (30 persons) additionally received resveratrol at a dose of 100 mg daily, patients of the study group 2 (30 persons) got quercetin at a dose of 3 g per day. In 2 months, the second examination of the patients was performed in the amount indicated. RESULTS under the influence of resveratrol a significant reduction of the level of TNF-α and the number of EMP in peripheral blood was shown, in contrast to the results of other study groups. All groups showed a decrease in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, statistical differences between data of groups were not found. Indicators of coagulogramma in all study groups did not change significantly, however, there was a statistically significant reduction of fibrinogen in the blood. CONCLUSIONS resveratrol, unlike quercetin, has a positive effect on the endothelial function and systemic inflammation, which may be the result of its influence on intracellular molecular cascades associated with the nuclear transcription factor of NF-kB.
A Vector Model for Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Relatedness

This paper introduces context digests , high-dimensional real-valued representations for the typical left and right contexts of a word. Initial entries for the context digests are formed from the word’s close left and right neighbors. A singular value decomposition reduces the dimensionality of the space to enable subsequent efﬁcient processing. In contrast to similar techniques, no preprocessor such as a parser is required. Context digests summarize both syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations between words: how typical they are as neighbors and how well they are substitutable for each other. We apply context digests to identifyingcollocations, to assessing the similarity of the arguments of different verbs, and to clustering occurrences of adjectives and verbs according to the words they modify in context.
Don’t Throw Those Morphological Analyzers Away Just Yet: Neural Morphological Disambiguation for Arabic

This paper presents a model for Arabic morphological disambiguation based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). We train Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) cells in several configurations and embedding levels to model the various morphological features. Our experiments show that these models outperform state-of-the-art systems without explicit use of feature engineering. However, adding learning features from a morphological analyzer to model the space of possible analyses provides additional improvement. We make use of the resulting morphological models for scoring and ranking the analyses of the morphological analyzer for morphological disambiguation. The results show significant gains in accuracy across several evaluation metrics. Our system results in 4.4% absolute increase over the state-of-the-art in full morphological analysis accuracy (30.6% relative error reduction), and 10.6% (31.5% relative error reduction) for out-of-vocabulary words.
A digitally controlled AC to DC power conditioner that draws sinusoidal input current

An ac to dc power conditioner, which draws sinusoidal input current, is described and analyzed. Two control loops are used. The inner quantized-gain current program loop uses variable hysteresis to improve noise immunity. Digital proportional-integral control provides output voltage regulation by adjusting the gain of the current program loop.
ATT: analyzing temporal dynamics of topics and authors in social media

Understanding Topical trends and user roles in topic evolution is an important challenge in the field of information retrieval. In this contribution, we present a novel model for analyzing evolution of user's interests with respect to produced content over time. Our approach Author-Topic-Time model (ATT) addresses this problem by means of Bayesian modeling of relations between authors, latent topics and temporal information. We extend state of the art Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model to incorporate the author and timestamp information for capturing changes in user interest over time with respect to evolving latent topics. We present results of application of the model to the 9 years of scientific publication datasets from CiteSeer showing improved semantically cohesive topic detection and capturing shift in authors interest in relation to topic evolution. We also discuss opportunities of model use in novel mining and recommendation scenarios.
Bovine papillomavirus type 1 E2 transcriptional regulators directly bind two cellular transcription factors, TFIID and TFIIB

The bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) E2 translational open reading frame encodes three proteins that regulate viral transcription and DNA replication: the E2 transcriptional activator (E2TA), the E2 transcriptional repressor (E2TR) and the E8/E2 transcriptional repressor (E8/E2TR). E2TA is a strong activator of papillomaviral promoters and is required for viral DNA replication. E2TR and E8/E2TR inhibit the activities of E2TA but also possess weak transactivational properties of their own. Two components of the cellular transcription apparatus, TFIID and TFIIB, have previously been shown to associate with other viral and cellular transcriptional activators. We present evidence here that E2TA, the full-length E2 open reading frame gene product, directly binds both of these transcription factors in vitro. Glutathione S-transferase E2TA (GST-E2TA) fusion protein bound in vitro-synthesized TATA-box-binding protein (TBP), a component of TFIID, and in vitro-synthesized TFIIB. Likewise, GST-E2TA bound TFIID and TFIIB present in a nuclear extract from the human cervical cancer-derived cell line, HeLa. The binding of GST-E2TA to TBP and TFIIB required no additional mammalian factors, as shown by direct binding of GST-E2TA to bacterially synthesized recombinant TBP and recombinant TFIIB. The domain of E2TA required for its interaction with both TBP and TFIIB was localized to the C terminus of E2TA, a region also present in E2TR and E8/E2TR. This domain lies within the region of E2TA previously shown to confer cooperative DNA binding by E2TA and TBP and overlaps with the region of E2TA required for DNA binding and dimerization. Our findings, taken in context with previous studies, lead us to conclude that (i) cooperative DNA binding by E2 proteins and TBP is likely mediated by the direct binding of E2 proteins to TBP, (ii) the weak transcriptional transactivation by E2TR and E8/E2TR may result as a consequence of direct TBP and TFIIB binding by these proteins, and (iii) TBP and/or TFIIB binding may be required but is not sufficient for E2TA's strong transactivational activity.