Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of Broiler Chicken Pen Trials Evaluating Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharide, 1993-2003

Global broiler chicken pen trial reports (1993-2003) were analyzed statistically to determine effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii yeast outer cell wall mannan oligosaccharide (MOS; Bio-Mos , ® Alltech, Nicholasville, Kentucky USA) supplemented diets versus negative control (nCON) or antibiotic - supplemented positive control (pCON) diets. Criteria for selecting studies were: 1) pen trial, 2) written report, 3) MOS fed for entire study period, 4) negative and/or positive control, 5) antibiotic stated (for positive control), 6) replication and 7) age, body weight (BWT) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) given. Mortality (MORT) was used when reported. Results were averaged "by treatments" (all comparisons) and "by trials" (comparisons averaged by trial before analysis) using Paired T-test to compare nCON and pCON means with corresponding MOS means. Slightly different answers but similar patterns emerged by these methods. Considering results averaged by trials, MOS diets gave the following relative improvements compared to nCON diets: BWT, +1.61%; FCR, -1.99% and MORT, -21.4 (all significant at P = 0.020). Relative improvements using MOS feeds compared to the pCON diets were: BWT, -0.36% and FCR, -0.11% (P = 0.473; nonsignificant differences). The MOS diets significantly (P = 0.008) lowered mortality (-18.10%) relative to pCON diets, indicating a strong beneficial effect. The MOS diets produced BWT and FCR comparable to those of pCON diets but significantly lowered MORT compared to antibiotic diets. Currently recommended optimal MOS levels of addition for broiler chicken feeds are: 0.2%, 0 to 7 days; 0.1%, 7 to 21 days and 0.05%, 21 to 42 days (or market).
ANALISIS PENGARUH CASH RATIO, DEBT TO TOTAL ASSETS RATIO, DEBT EQUITY RATIO, RETURN ON ASSETS, DAN NET PROFIT MARGIN TERHADAP DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIOPada Perusahaan Otomotif yang Listingdi Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2007-2011

This research was conducted to examine the effect of variable cash ratio (CR), debt to total assets ratio (DAR), debt to equity ratio (DER), return on assets (ROA), and net profit margin (NPM) of the dividend payout ratio (DPR ) on the Indonesian automotive companies listed on the Stock Exchange the period 2007-2011. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with criteria (1) Companies whose shares are actively traded on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, (2) the Company is always present per Desember 2007-2011 financial statements and (3) the Company's dividend continuously per Desember 2007-2011. Data obtained by the publication of the Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD 2012). Obtained total sample of 10 companies from 12 companies listed on the Stock Exchange. The analysis technique used is multiple regression equation least squares and test hypotheses using t-statistics for testing the partial regression coefficients as well as covering classical assumption test normality test, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity test and autocorrelation test. From the results of the analysis showed that the variables CR, DAR, DER and partially ROA is not significant to DPR at the level of significance of more than 5%. CR and ROA have positive're DAR and DER negatively. NPM variables proved to have a positive and significant impact on the DPR. While jointly (CR, DAR, DER, ROA, and NPM) proved a significant influence on DPR at the level of less than 5%. Predictive ability of the five variables to Parliament by 58.90%, as indicated by the amount of the adjusted R-square of 58.90% while the remaining 40.80% is influenced by other factors that are not included in this research model
The influence of the rate of torso skin temperature change on thermal perceptions whilst exercising in the heat.

INTRODUCTION It is well established that regional cooling using personal cooling garments, such as ventilated or water perfused garments, can reduce thermal strain and improve thermal comfort whilst working or performing physical activity in a hot environment (McLellan et al, 1999). Traditionally, regional cooling delivered by personal cooling garments has been provided in a continuous manner. However, recently it has been reported that providing regional cooling intermittently is just as effective in reducing thermal strain as continuous cooling (Vernieuw et al, 2007). Providing cooling intermittently improves the overall power efficacy of the garments, therefore decreasing their reliance on heavy duty batteries, which results in a longer duration, more user friendly, garment. Even though the physiological effects of intermittent cooling in personal cooling devices worn during exercise have been established, its’ effect on thermal perceptions is less well-known. To the authors’ knowledge, results from the small amount of research undertaken indicate that intermittent cooling has the same effect on thermal perceptions as to continuous cooling (Vernieuw, et al, 2007). This is surprising considering the effects of regional fluctuating temperatures on thermal perceptions whilst people are at rest in moderate to hot conditions. Whilst the method of cooling maybe different i.e. not delivered by a cooling garment, fundamentally, fluctuating temperatures have been perceived as either more or less comfortable than continuous cooling (Tanabe & Kimura, 1984, Zhao, 2006), with the dynamic activity of the cutaneous thermoreceptors generally being used to explain this effect.
Waterlogging and survival in Sesleria albicans

summary The performance of Sesleria albicans Kit. ex Schultes, a species usually found in dry limestone habitats, but also recorded in wet places, was examined over a period of 2 yr along a soil-water gradient. This supplied a ‘dry’ end with the water-table 22 cm below the surface, grading to a ‘wet’ end with the water-table at the surface, providing static waterlogged conditions. The performance of plants (judged from measurements of tussock diameter, plant height, panicle length, counts of the number of panicles and spikelets per panicle, and shoot and root d. wt) was progressively impaired with increasingly waterlogged conditions. Previously waterlogged ramets recovered when removed to non-waterlogged soil, showing that waterlogging had stunted but not killed the roots. The effects of waterlogging were demonstrated by a pot experiment to be similar in three different types of soil. Differences in the performance of S. albicans in these (determined by counts of the number of tillers, number of nodal axes and measurements of leaf length, root length, and shoot and root d. wt) were a result of factors other than waterlogging, since the differences were maintained in both waterlogged and normally watered soil. Although performance of S. albicans was adversely affected in static waterlogged soils, none of the plants died, even after 2 yr. Possible explanations for the survival of S. albicans were sought.
Evaluation of Yield and Resistance to Powdery Mildew, Cercospora Leaf Spot and Cowpea Weevil in Mungbean Mutant Lines

Ten mungbean mutant lines obtained from irradiation and chemical substances were tested against the 2 recommended varieties on resistance to the diseases and insect namely powdery mildew, Cercospora leaf spot and cowpea weevil. The 2 diseases using artificial inoculation were investigated in the greenhouse while cowpea weevil was studied under laboratory conditions. Apart from these, regional yield trial were also conducted at 7 experimental stations during the dry and rainy seasons of 1998. The investigation revealed the tested mutant lines to have potential development into new varieties. They were, M5-10 and M5-25 resistant to powdery mildew, M5-22 and M5-25 resistant to Cercospora leaf spot, M5-16 and M529 resistant to cowpea weevil and the other 5 lines of M4-2, M5-1, M5-5, M5-15 and M5-28 with trend of producing good yields.
Diagnosis and therapy of 74 cases of ductal carcinoma of breast

Objective To probe diagnosis, treatment, and summerize their experiences of the ductal carci-noma of breast. Methods The clinical data of 74 cases with ductal carcinoma of breast were retrospectively analyse. Results In all of 74 cases,37 underwent modified radical mastectomy, 10 experienced simple masteetomy and 27 received breast conserving surgery. The prognosis was good, and all patients survived. Conclusions Breast mam-mography photography ean enhance the early detection rates of duetal earcinoma, especially for patients with non-lo-calized tumors. Breast conserving surgery is the right treatment claimed for ductai carcinoma. Key words: Breast; Ductal carcinoma; Diagnosis and treatment
Alcohol-induced temporal transcriptome remodeling in the prefrontal cortex in a mouse model of alcohol dependence

108 Introduction.109 Materials and Methods.111 Animals and animal husbandry.111 Experimental design and tissue collection.111 RNA isolation and quantification . 111 cDNA microarray fabrication and hybridization . 112 Normalization and storage of microarray data.113 Retrieval and standardization of microarray data . 113 Data analysis and statistical methods.114 Transcription Factor Binding Site (TFBS) overrepresentation analysis.115 Functional overrepresentation analysis.116 Cellular classification of differentially expressed genes . 117
Comparative assessment of antibacterial activity of uvaria chamae parts

Methanolic extracts of the root, stem and leaf of Uvaria chamae were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp, and typed strains E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 using standard agar diffusion method at 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/ml. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and cyanogenic glycosides. In general, the stem bark extract inhibited the growth of all the tested organisms with leaf extract showing the least antibacterial activity. The MIC of methanolic stem extract on E. coli, MRSA, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp, E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureusATCC 25923 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were 5.62, 12.59, 200, 35.48, 28.18, 5.62 and 19.95 mg/ml respectively while that of root extract with the exclusion ofKlebsiella spp were 31.62, 10.0, 3.55 2.82, 12.59 and 39.81 mg/ml respectively. Methanolic leaf extract was found to have MIC 200, 19.95, 250, 250, 250 and 200 mg/ml respectively with no MIC value against P. aeruginosa. Key words: Methicillin-resistant, phytochemical screening, alkaloids, cyanogenic, flavonoids.
Population structure of Oncholaimus cobbi (Nematoda: Oncholaimidae) in a tropical tidal flat

Oncholaimus cobbi was described from the Brazilian coast. The area studied, Coroa Grande, is located in Sepetiba Bay, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sampling was carried out monthly, from May 1998 through April 1999. Most of the population was represented by adults, of which non-ovigerous females were the most abundant category. The species reached its highest population density during the warmest months, and the highest densities of males and ovigerous females were seen in February 1999.
Cumulative impacts of hydrology and human activities on water quality in the St. Lawrence River (Lake Saint-Pierre, Quebec, Canada)

The cumulative impacts of discharge and human activities on the spatial variations of water quality were assessed from monthly measurements at 80–110 stations in a ~300 km2 widening of the St. Lawrence River (Lake Saint-Pierre, Quebec). Water quality was poorest under high discharge conditions and in shallow riparian areas under the influence of small tributaries draining farmlands; spatial variability was amplified by aquatic macrophytes. In 2004, over 40% of the study area exceeded the provincial water quality criterion (total phosphorus = 30 µg P·L–1) to protect aquatic life in rivers. Nutrient retention occurred mostly during summer when macrophytes were abundant and current velocities were low. Erosion of dredged deposits near the navigation channel was observed during summer, when current velocities increased in the deep channel because of flow obstruction by macrophytes growing in shallow areas. Low discharge conditions and high macrophyte abundance sharpened the contrast between the Lake Ontario w.
A New Species of Leptogorgia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Mexican Pacific Coast

The gorgoniid genus Leptogorgia is found along the Pacific coast of Mexico; 10 species have been reported from Baja California and Acapulco. Leptogorgia ena sp. nov. is a new shallow-water species found at 5-12 m depth at various high energy rocky sites along the coast of San Pedro Pochutla District, Oaxaca. Specimens of the new species were collected by scuba diving and the morphological characters were analyzed and illustrated under light and scanning electron microscopy. The new species can be distinguished from the others by the very small colony, dominance of wide capstans, barrels and double heads, low occurrence of spindles, spindles measuring < 0.10 mm, and presence of tentacular sclerites. With this report, the genus Leptogorgia increases to 11 species for Mexico and 26 for the eastern Pacific.
A new violet species (Violaceae) from the south-west Alps

Viola laricicola Marcussen sp. nov. is described from collections from four French and Italian localities in the south-west Alps. It is closely related to V. riviniana (section Trigonocarpea) but differs in a few morphological characters and by the chromosome number 2n = 20. Viola laricicola is endemic to the montane and subalpine coniferous forests in the continental parts of the Alps. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 142, 119–123.
The Design of Artificial Nestboxes for the Study of Secondary Hole-Nesting Birds: A Review of Methodological Inconsistencies and Potential Biases

Abstract. The widespread use of artificial nestboxes has led to significant advances in our knowledge of the ecology, behaviour and physiology of cavity nesting birds, especially small passerines. Nestboxes have made it easier to perform routine monitoring and experimental manipulation of eggs or nestlings, and also repeatedly to capture, identify and manipulate the parents. However, when comparing results across study sites the use of nestboxes may also introduce a potentially significant confounding variable in the form of differences in nestbox design amongst studies, such as their physical dimensions, placement height, and the way in which they are constructed and maintained. However, the use of nestboxes may also introduce an unconsidered and potentially significant confounding variable due to differences in nestbox design amongst studies, such as their physical dimensions, placement height, and the way in which they are constructed and maintained. Here we review to what extent the characteristics of artificial nestboxes (e.g. size, shape, construction material, colour) are documented in the ‘methods’ sections of publications involving hole-nesting passerine birds using natural or excavated cavities or artificial nestboxes for reproduction and roosting. Despite explicit previous recommendations that authors describe in detail the characteristics of the nestboxes used, we found that the description of nestbox characteristics in most recent publications remains poor and insufficient. We therefore list the types of descriptive data that should be included in the methods sections of relevant manuscripts and justify this by discussing how variation in nestbox characteristics can affect or confound conclusions from nestbox studies. We also propose several recommendations to improve the reliability and usefulness of research based on long-term studies of any secondary hole-nesting species using artificial nestboxes for breeding or roosting.
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor Activators Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Expression in Neonatal Rat Cardiac Myocytes

Abstract —Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Recently, PPAR activators have been shown to inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages or vascular smooth muscle cells. It has been reported that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression is elevated in the failing heart and that TNF-α has a negative inotropic effect on cardiac myocytes. Therefore, we examined the effects of PPARα and PPARγ activators on expression of TNF-α in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Northern blot analysis revealed expression of PPARα and PPARγ mRNA in cardiac myocytes. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that both PPARα and PPARγ were expressed in the nuclei of cells. When cardiac myocytes were transfected with PPAR responsive element (PPRE)-luciferase reporter plasmid, both PPARα and PPARγ activators increased the promoter activity. Cardiomyocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the levels of TNF-α in the medium were measured by ELISA. After exposure to LPS, the levels of TNF-α significantly increased. However, pretreatment of myocytes with PPARα or PPARγ activators decreased LPS-induced expression of TNF-α in the medium. Both PPARα and PPARγ activators also inhibited LPS-induced increase in TNF-α mRNA in myocytes. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that PPAR activators reduced LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB activation. These results suggest that both PPARα and PPARγ activators inhibit cardiac expression of TNF-α in part by antagonizing nuclear factor-κB activity and that treatment with PPAR activators may lead to improvement in congestive heart failure.
Cover Crop and Herbicide Combinations for Weed Control in Polyethylene-mulched Bell Pepper

Field trials were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the performance of ‘Caliente’ mustard cover crop and herbicide combinations for weed control in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). ‘Caliente’ mustard is a blend of brown mustard (Brassica juncea) and white mustard (Sinapis alba). Herbicide treatments included 1/2× and 1× rates of two pre-emergence (PRE) and two postdirected (PD) herbicides. PRE herbicides were applied 1 week before transplanting, whereas PD herbicides were applied at 4 to 5 weeks after transplanting. ‘Caliente’ mustard did not supplement weed control or improve bell pepper yield in herbicide-treated plots. There was a significant herbicide selection by application rate interaction for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) control and bell pepper yield, but only the main effect of herbicide selection and application rate affected the control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus), and palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri). Bell pepper injury was not more than 9% from all herbicides and application rates. Except for large crabgrass, control of all weed species improved by increasing the application rate from 1/2× to 1×. S-metolachlor PRE provided more broad-spectrum weed control than other herbicides. Halosulfuron applied PRE or PD was selective to purple nutsedge and yellow nutsedge, whereas trifloxysulfuron performed better than halosulfuron on palmer amaranth and large crabgrass. Plots treated with the 1× rate of S-metolachlor or trifloxysulfuron produced the highest marketable bell pepper yield among the herbicide treatments, but no herbicide treatment allowed for marketable yield equivalent to the weed-free treatment.
Field Performance of Quatity Protein Maize With Zinc and Magnesium Fertilizers in the Sub-Humid Savanna of Nigeria

Field experiments were conducted for three years (2006 – 2008) in Samaru (11 o 11’N, 7 o 38’E) 686m above sea level in Nigeria. The objective was to test the response of two Quality Protein Maize (QPM) varieties (SAMMAZ-14 and SAMMAZ-11) to four levels each of Zinc and Magnesium (0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 kg) using their carbonates. The experiments were arranged in all possible factorial combinations and laid out as randomised complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The two varieties tested did not differ significantly in all the parameters evaluated except for the number of days to 50% tasselling. Grain yield ranged between 1.9 – 2.0 t/ha when averaged over both years which was quite below the 5.0 t/ha potential. Zinc application had no significant influence on most characters evaluated except total dry matter per hectare in 2006 when the application of 1.25 kg 2n/ha produced the highest TDM. Grain yield per hectare remained unchanged with changes in Zinc rate. Magnesium application influenced grain yield on 2008 only when 1.25 kg Mg/ha increased yield compared with plots with 5.0kg mg/ha. When averaged over the three years, Mg application did not significantly influence grain yield, but increased protein yield. Grain yield correlated positively and significantly with leaf area index (r = 0.13**), plant height (r = 0.26*), TDM (r = 0.21**) and protein yield (r = 0.97**). Protein content of grain remained unchanged with changes in Zinc and Magnesium rates at 8%
Relationship between exploratory eye movement and cognitive function in senile schizophrenic patients

Objective To explore the relationship between exploratory eye movement and cognitive func-tion in geriatric schizophrenic patients. Methods 31 geriatric schizophrenic inpatients and 32 healthy aged people were involved in the study. All the subjects received the examination of exploratory eye movement and were as-sessed with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Attention Test Battery (ATB). Results The number of Eye Fixation (NEF) and Responsive Search Score (RSS) [ (26.88±4. 79 ), (3.80±1.87 )respectively ] of the geriatric schizophrenic patients were significantly lower than those [ ( 30.41±3.90 ), ( 5.00±2.10 ) respectively ] of the healthy aged people. The NEF of both groups were correlated positive|y with the scores of rhythm test and calcula-tion test of ATB, positively with Rc of WCST (r=0.25～0.40), negatively with Rf of WCST (r =-0.33, P <0.05). The RSS of beth groups were correlated negatively with Rf of WCST (r = - 0.33, P <0.05), positively with Rc of WCST (r=0.41, P<0.01). Conclusion The attention deficit and poor ability of abstraction and gen-eralization might be the psychological mechanism of exploratory eye movement in schizophrenic patients. Key words: Schizophrenia; Exploratory eye movement; Cognitive function; Wisconsin card sorting test; Attention test battery
Determining Continent of Origin of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Using Genetic Stock Identification Techniques: Status of Allozyme Baseline in Asia

A three-agency program was initiated in 1989 to develop a new multilocus genetic baseline for chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in Japan and Russia for use in stock identification; allele frequencies at 77 allozyme loci are reported in 38 samples covering most of its north–south limits of distribution in Asia. In a 62-locus data set for 17 Japanese and 12 Russian samples, average heterozygosity ranged from 0.066 to 0.087 (mean 0.079) and the average number of P0.95 and P0.99 loci was 14 and 26, respectively. Tests of year-to-year variation in allele frequencies were not significant at five of six locations. For the P0.95 loci, FST values ranged from 0.007 (sMDH-B1*) to 0.154 (mAAT-2*) and averaged 0.038. A clear distinction between Russian and Japanese samples was observed at Nei's D = 0.006, and genetic differentiation generally followed a regional pattern within each country. Principal component analysis of the P0.95 loci revealed a large difference between Japanese and Russian samples. Four loci (sAAT-1,.