Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pollination of a bee‐dependent forb in restored prairie: no evidence of pollen limitation in landscapes dominated by row crop agriculture

Restoration is used to conserve biodiversity; however, it is unclear to what extent restoration impacts ecosystem functions. Pollination is an ecosystem function that is critical to plant reproduction and thus restoration success. Few studies have assessed whether pollination is restored within restoration areas themselves. Plant–animal interactions may be affected by factors beyond the scale of the restoration. For example, surrounding landscape context may influence pollinator abundance and consequently the amount of pollen deposited. Decreased pollen receipt might then limit seed set. We hypothesized that in restorations surrounded by more agriculture, pollinator‐dependent forbs would experience greater pollen limitation. This would likely be due to declines in pollinator abundance within the restorations with an increase in surrounding agriculture. We deployed potted Chamaecrista fasciculata (Fabaceae), an obligatorily bee‐pollinated forb, and sampled bee communities in restored prairies in Minnesota, U.S.A. We measured pollen limitation by comparing seed set among open and supplementally pollinated plants. We also sampled native bees in seven of the eight sites. We tested for a relationship between proportion row crop agriculture (corn and soy) surrounding a restoration and pollen limitation, as well as an effect of agriculture on bee abundance. We did not find evidence that increasing proportion of surrounding agriculture negatively affected pollen limitation or bee abundance. Our results indicate that greater surrounding agriculture may not influence pollination of C. fasciculata through declines in pollinator availability, and suggest for some plants that landscape context might not limit pollination in restorations.
Detachment of dilatant soil due to high hydraulic shear stresses explained

When soil surfaces are exposed to high shear stresses induced by high-velocity water flows, they erode. Erosion consists of the detachment, entrainment and transport of soil particles. When exposed to high shear stresses the process of soil detachment is no longer given by the pick-up of individual particles but by the continuous shear failure of layers of soil. The understanding of how soil properties influence the detachment rate of soil is lacking. This paper presents how the bed shear stress, initial and critical porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and density influence the detachment rate of dilatant soils which are subjected to high-velocity flows. Based on the constitutive mass and momentum balance equations it is hypothesized that the exchange of mass and momentum during soil detachment corresponds with that situation for which the dilatancy induced shear resistance of the soil is maximum. The hypothesis is validated against high-velocity erosion experiments on sand.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THREE-MONTH MANAGEMENT OF IDIOPATHIC PARKINSON’S DISEASE (I-PD) WITH LEVODOPA (L-DOPA) TO TREAT FATIGUE SEVERITY, HRQOL AND CORTICAL DYSFUNCTIONS

Objectives: To explore the effect of levodopa against cortical functions, fatigue severity and health-related quality of life on patients with Parkinsons disease. Methods: A clinical control trial was conducted at primary healthcare centers at Gia Lai province from September 2018 to November 2019. Fifty idiopathic Parkinsonian patients and fifty control individuals were enrolled. The measurements were cortical function assessment (CFA), fatigue severity scale (FSS), and 39-item Parkinsons disease questionnaire (PDQ-39). Descriptive analysis was used to perform the difference before and after treatment with L-Dopa. Results: I-PD affected patients also had signs of cortical functioning deficits, severe fatigue experiences and deteriorated health-related quality than healthy individuals. The medication of L-Dopa significantly improved the life quality and reduced the fatigue severity in the timeframe of three months. Severe fatigue and deteriorated health also had an association with higher cortical functioning deficits. Cortical functioning also predicted about the fatigue severity and health-related quality. Conclusion: The findings specifically suggest that L-Dopa treatment is very successful for cortical dysfunctions, severe fatigue and health-related quality of life among the patients of I-PD. Cortical functioning significantly indicates life quality and fatigue factor in the patients of I-PD.
Influence of Regulated Drip Irrigation on Productivity and Physicochemical Traits of Tomato ‘Tofane’ under Hot Desert Climate

Abstract The impact of regulated drip-irrigation on productivity and fruit quality of tomato ‘Tofane’ has been studied under a warm dry desert climate in southern Algeria. Yield, fruit weight and size, water content and parameters of fruit quality – total soluble solids, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, vitamin C, pH and titratable acidity were determined. Two irrigation treatments were applied in 2012 and 2013: T1, optimal irrigation (100% evapotranspiration – ETc) during the whole growth period (growth stages I, II and III); T2, optimal irrigation during I and II stages, and regulated deficit irrigation (67% ETc) during stage III (from fruit set to full fruit maturity of first and second bunch). T1 treatment during the whole season showed the highest values of soil water potential (Ψsoil), between −0.02 MPa and −0.06 MPa, on depths of 0.3 and 0.6 m, respectively. During stage III, regulated deficit irrigation caused the lowest Ψsoil values, which were between −0.1 MPa and −0.12 MPa on a soil depth of 0.3 and 0.6 m, respectively. Deficit irrigation caused significant decrease of water content in fruits and not significant decrease of fruit weight and size, as well as fruit yield while water saving for irrigation amounted to 10%. Comfort-irrigated tomato plants produced fruits containing significantly higher titratable acidity, total soluble solids and vit. C content. There was a tendency to decrease carotenoid content and increase phenolic content in both years of the study. Due to the possibility of water saving with not significant yield decrease, it seems that the reduction of water use in growth stage III would be an adequate strategy for tomato cultivation in hot, dry climate.
Stock volatility predictability in bull and bear markets

The recent literature on stock return predictability suggests that it varies substantially across economic states, being strongest during bad economic times. In line with this evidence, we document that stock volatility predictability is also state dependent. In particular, in this paper, we use a large data set of high-frequency data on individual stocks and a few popular time-series volatility models to comprehensively examine how volatility forecastability varies across bull and bear states of the stock market. We find that the volatility forecast horizon is substantially longer when the market is in a bear state than when it is in a bull state. In addition, over all but the shortest horizons, the volatility forecast accuracy is higher when the market is in a bear state. This difference increases as the forecast horizon lengthens. Our study concludes that stock volatility predictability is strongest during bad economic times, proxied by bear market states.
Blockchain and Fog Based Architecture for Internet of Everything in Smart Cities

Fog computing (FC) is used to reduce the energy consumption and latency for the heterogeneous communication approaches in the smart cities’ applications of the Internet of Everything (IoE). Fog computing nodes are connected through wired or wireless medium. The goal of smart city applications is to develop the transaction relationship of real-time response applications. There are various frameworks in real-world to support the IoE in smart-cities but they face the issues like security, platform Independence, multi-application assistance, and resource management. This article is motivated from the Blockchain and Fog computing technologies and presents a secured architecture Blockchain and Fog-based Architecture Network (BFAN) for IoE applications in the smart cities. The proposed architecture secures sensitive data with encryption, authentication, and Blockchain. It assists the System-developers and Architects to deploy the applications in smart city paradigm. The goal of the proposed architecture is to reduce the latency and energy, and ensure improved security features through Blockchain technology. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed architecture performs better than the existing frameworks for smart-cities.
Outline Extraction with Question-Specific Memory Cells

Outline extraction has been widely applied in online consultation to help experts quickly understand individual cases. Given a specific case described as unstructured plain text, outline extraction aims to make a summary for this case by answering a set of questions, which in fact is a new type of machine reading comprehension task. Inspired by a recently popular memory network, we propose a novel question-specific memory cell network (QSMCN) to extract information related to multiple questions on-the-fly as it reads texts. QSMCN constructs a specific memory cell for each question, which is sequentially expanded in recurrent neural network style. Each cell contains three specific vectors to first identify whether current input is related to corresponding question and then update question-specific case representation. We add a penalization term in the loss function to make extracted knowledge more reasonable and interpretable. To support this study, we construct a new outline extraction corpus, InjuryCase,1 which is composed of 3,995 real Chinese occupational injury cases. Experimental results show that our method makes a significant improvement. We further apply the proposed framework on two multi-aspect extraction tasks and find that the proposed model also remarkably outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods of the aspect extraction task.
The effect of contextual variables on the attacking style of play in professional soccer

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of a Spanish government subproject Mixed method approach on performance analysis (in training and competition) in elite and academy sport [PGC2018-098742-B-C33] (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Cientifico y Tecnologico del Sistema I+D+i), that is part of the coordinated project New approach of research in physical activity and sport from mixed methods perspective (NARPAS_MM) [SPGC201800X098742CV0].
Entrepreneurial Identity and Social-Business Tensions – The Experience of Social Entrepreneurs

Abstract While much research has been devoted to the study of how social entrepreneurs manage social-business tensions inherent when pursuing dual missions, we know very little on what determines the ways that they address this challenge. Building on Fauchart and Gruber’s classification of three pure types of entrepreneurial social identities, this study applies a qualitative approach to explore the interplay between entrepreneurial identity and the handling of social-business tensions. The aim of the study is twofold: first, to identify social entrepreneurs’ self-perceived identity, and second, to explore its potential relationship with social-business tensions. Findings reveal that social entrepreneurs exhibit hybrid identities of all three pure identity types. In handling social business tensions, however, they tend to develop new meta-role identities, acting as intermediaries between their organisations and the market, and between actors from different sectors. Additionally, the study identified push and pull factors, which play a role in the gradual process of self-perceived identity modification. These findings offer fresh insights into the entrepreneurial identity and social entrepreneurship literature and expand our understanding of the micro-foundations of social entrepreneurs’ managerial choices.
ON CERTAIN GONADIAL ABNORMALITIES MET WITH IN THE INDIAN OIL SARDINE SARDINELLA LONGICEPS VAL.

Hermaphrditism as an abnormal phenomenon has been recorded among many Indian fishes (Chacko and Krishnamoorthy, 1949 ; Nayak, 1959 ; Prabhu and Antony Raja, 1959 ; Raju, 1960 ; Rao, 1962 ; Thomas and Raju, 1962 and Antony Raja, 1963). Certain other abnormalities such as parasitized ovary have also been described (Raju, op. cit., and Annigeri, 1961). In the course of studying the maturity and spawning of the oil sardine from the landings at Cannanore, five instances of deviation from the normal gonadial set-up have been met with, and since these appear to be the first record of the kind in the oil sardine they have been described in the present note.
Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru dalam Melaksanakan Penilaian Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kompetensi pedagogik guru PAUD dalam melaksanakan penilaian pembelajaran anak usia dini di TK al-Muttaqin Sungai Duren. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian, yaitu: 1) kompetensi pedagogik guru PAUD di TK al-Muttaqin Sungai Duren belum mampu melaksanakan penilaian pembelajaran anak usia dini sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip penilaian; 2) kompetensi pedagogik guru PAUD di TK al-Muttaqin Sungai Duren belum mampu merancang kegiatan pembelajaran dalam bentuk Rencana Program Pembelajaran; 3) penilaian pembelajaran di TK al-Muttaqin Sungai Duren belum terlaksana dengan baik sesuai dengan prosedur penilaian; dan 4) guru PAUD di TK al-Muttaqin Sungai Duren dalam melaksanakan penilaian pembelajaran tidak menggunakan instrumen penilaian. Adapun kesimpulannya adalah kompetensi pedagogik guru PAUD di TK al-Muttaqin Sungai Duren belum mampu melaksanakan penilaian pembelajaran anak usia dini sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip penilaian.
A comparative analysis of survival rate and shear bond strength of bondable molar tubes with two different mesh designs

Objective: To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength (in vitro) and survival rate (in vivo) of molar tubes with conventional and modified mesh base designs. Materials and Methods: Molar tubes of two different base design ie conventional (American Orthodontics) and modified base design (Ortho Organizers) were evaluated and compared for shear bond strength and survival. 20 molar tubes of each type were bonded on freshly extracted first permanent molars. Shear bond strength was tested using a Universal testing machine. 20 patients requiring fixed orthodontic treatment were selected. Molar tubes with two different base designs were placed on alternate sides in the four quadrants so that each arch had molar tubes of both types. Survival of the bonded tubes was evaluated monthly for a period of six months. Results: Molar tubes having conventional mesh base design showed greater shear bond strength (10.49 Mpa) as compared to modified mesh base design (10.41 Mpa). The difference was found to be statistically significant (p=0.004). However, tubes with a modified mesh base (OO) showed a greater survival rate (95%) compared to those with conventional mesh base (85%). Conclusion: Molar tubes with conventional mesh base design bonded with Transbond XT showed greater shear bond strength than molar tubes with modified mesh base design. Molar tubes with modified mesh base design showed a greater survival rate than molar tubes with conventional mesh base design. Keywords: Shear bond strength, Molar tubes, Universal testing machine.
Indexing of Heatwaves in Ukraine

During the last decades, the number of heatwaves (HWs) has increased worldwide, as well as in Ukraine. It is very important to determine the duration, intensity, and other HW parameters, in particular under climate change condition. For this purpose, various heatwave indices and characteristics are used. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate heatwave indices and their characteristics over the territory of Ukraine for the reference period 1981–2010, as well as to examine the extreme heatwave event of 2010 and (2) to make a comparison and establish a statistical relationship between the HW indices and their characteristics and to assess their suitability and sensitivity to changes in the modern climate of Ukraine. On the basis of 49 selected stations, daily values of maximum air temperature (Tmax) in the summer months June to August of 1981–2010 were used to determine two heatwave indices (HWMI (heatwave magnitude index) and HWMId (heatwave magnitude index daily)) and five heatwave characteristics (HWM (heatwave mean), HWA (heatwave amplitude), HWN (heatwave number), HWD (heatwave duration), HWF (heatwave day frequency)). The calculated indices of heatwaves appeared to be sufficiently sensitive to minor changes in the daily maximum air temperature. HWMId was found to be more sensitive to temperature changes than HWMI. The heatwave characteristics of the HWN, HWF, HWM, and the HWMId climate index proved to be the most informative in the study of heatwaves in Ukraine.
Improving mathematical understanding and disposition of junior high school students through the 5E learning cycle model

This study aims to determine the increase in the ability of mathematical understanding and the mathematical disposition learned though this model as well as the correlation between the mathematical understanding and the mathematical disposition in mathematics learning. The population of this study was the entire seventh-grade students in one of the junior high schools in Takengon, Indonesia. The two-class samples were randomly selected for the sampling purpose. The 5E learning cycle model was implemented at the experimental class, while the control class was utilized the conventional model. The instrument used to collect the data consisted of two types of tests, namely the mathematical understanding test and the mathematical disposition questionnaires. Based on the t-test analysis, it was found that the increase of the mathematical understanding and disposition of students who learned with the 5E learning cycle model was better than that of those who learned with the conventional model. Additionally, based on the Pearson product-moment correlation-test, it was concluded that there was a correlation between the students’ mathematical understanding and their mathematical disposition, with the degree of correlation between them is in the sufficient category. Thus, the application of the 5E learning cycle model could improve students’ mathematical understanding and disposition abilities.
Dendrochronological Analyses and Whole-Tree Dissections Reveal Caliciopsis Canker (Caliciopsis pinea) Damage Associated with the Declining Growth and Climatic Stressors of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) is considered a signature species in eastern North America, particularly in New England. In recent years, however, white pine has experienced increased damage due to native pathogens that reduce the species’ growth, productivity, and economic value. One disease of concern is Caliciopsis canker, caused by the fungal pathogen Caliciopsis pinea, which is associated with excessive resin production, cankers, rough bark, bark fissures/cracks, and reduced growth in white pine. Recent studies have documented the extent of Caliciopsis canker in New England and its association with soil and stocking conditions, yet few studies have focused on the biological impacts of the disease. This study used dendrochronology and whole-tree dissections to reconstruct Caliciopsis canker history in three New England white pine sites, quantify its impact on tree growth and vigor, identify pre-disposing factors, and assess potential silvicultural management options. Dendrochronology and whole-tree dissections provided a unique insight into canker damage throughout trees’ development. Canker damage was first reported in New Hampshire in the mid-1990s, yet cankers were present as far back as 1967 and have steadily increased since the mid-1980s. Increased canker damage was significantly associated with decreased live crown ratios and declining tree growth. Trees maintaining a 30% live crown ratio or greater generally experienced the least canker damage. Furthermore, peaks in canker occurrence were consistent across sites, indicating a regional synchronization of infection and damage. Canker damage was closely associated with climatic events such as droughts and a New England hurricane. The results suggest that Caliciopsis canker has been affecting white pine health over the last 40 years, and that the disease has become more prevalent in the past 20–30 years. Yet, our results suggest that if silvicultural prescriptions target low density thinnings that favor trees with higher live crown ratios (>30%) and low Caliciopsis symptom severity ratings, the risk of canker damage can be reduced in white pine stands.
Magnetic Reconnection Inside a Flux Rope Induced by Kelvin‐Helmholtz Vortices

On 5 May 2017, MMS observed a crater‐type flux rope on the dawnside tailward magnetopause with fluctuations. The boundary‐normal analysis shows that the fluctuations can be attributed to nonlinear Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) waves. Reconnection signatures such as flow reversals and Joule dissipation were identified at the leading and trailing edges of the flux rope. In particular, strong northward electron jets observed at the trailing edge indicated midlatitude reconnection associated with the 3‐D structure of the KH vortex. The scale size of the flux rope, together with reconnection signatures, strongly supports the interpretation that the flux rope was generated locally by KH vortex‐induced reconnection. The center of the flux rope also displayed signatures of guide‐field reconnection (out‐of‐plane electron jets, parallel electron heating, and Joule dissipation). These signatures indicate that an interface between two interlinked flux tubes was undergoing interaction, causing a local magnetic depression, resulting in an M‐shaped crater flux rope, as supported by reconstruction.
Linguistic landscape

The paper starts with signs that Cooper and I found in the Old City of Jerusalem. It describes how the term Linguistic Landscape was applied to the recollections of francophone high school students of the signs they had seen. It traces the many collections of photos employing digital cameras and cell-phones, and research that was derived from these collections, including published papers and books, a journal, and an annual workshop. The paper regrets the rarity of details of authorship (but reports who was responsible for the Jerusalem street signs), and the tendency to interpret signs without detailing authorship. Signs provide evidence of the state of literacy, but ignore the sociolinguistic make-up of the local community, missing that for earlier scholars “linguistic landscape” meant speech as well as writing. It regrets the paucity of efforts to provide a theory of public signage, arguing that this could be derived from the field of Semiotics.