Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interviewing to Manage Threats: Exploring the Effects of Interview Style on Information Gain and Threateners’ Counter-Interview Strategies

There is consensus about the importance to engage with, and if possible interview, individuals who threaten to cause harm. However, there exists little research on how to conduct such interviews. This article contributes with an experimental approach on threat management interviewing. We explored what types of counter-interview strategies threateners employ, and we tested the efficacy of two common interview styles (direct interviewing vs. rapport-based interviewing). Participants (N = 120) were interviewed about a nonviolent threat they had made (to press charges against their former employer) and reported what strategies they had used during the interview. No differences were found between the interview protocols for threat management outcomes (i.e., information gain, use of counter-interview strategies, and willingness to discuss or enact the threat). However, the study showed how threateners struck a deliberate balance between proving their stand and disguising implementation details. Critically, individuals with more serious intentions to enact the threat were more inclined to hide information from the interviewer. We argue that it is vital for threat management interviewers to (a) understand what behaviors can be expected from the interviewee, and (b) learn about interview methods that can steer these behaviors toward information gain (which is beneficial to threat assessment) and toward de-escalation (which is the purpose of threat management).
Effects of veneering porcelain thickness and background shade on the shade match of zirconia-based restorations

Background. Effects of veneering porcelain thickness and background shade on the shade match of zirconia-based restorations are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of veneering porcelain thickness and background shade on the shade match of zirconia-based restorations. Methods. Forty A2 shade veneered zirconia disk specimens (10 mm in diameter) were fabricated, with veneering porcelain thicknesses of 1.6, 1.8, 2.0 and 2.2 mm. Three backgrounds were made of A2 shade composite resin (A2), nickel-chromium alloy (NC) and amalgam (AM). The veneered zirconia specimens were placed on the backgrounds. CIELab values were measured with a spectrophotometer. ΔE values were measured to determine color differences between the specimens and the A2 VITA classical shade (target shade). ΔE values were compared with an acceptability threshold (ΔE=3.7). Repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni, and 1-sample t-test were used to analyze data (P<0.05). Results. Mean ΔE values ranged between 1.9 and 5.0. The veneering porcelain thickness, the background shade and their interaction affected the ΔE (P<0.0001). The minimum veneering porcelain thickness for the shade match was 2 mm for NC and 1.8 mm for AM. Conclusion. Veneering porcelain thickness and background shade affected the shade match of zirconia-based restorations. With dark-shaded backgrounds, the amount of veneering porcelain thickness needed for the shade match might be beyond acceptable clinical limits. Tooth-shaded backgrounds are esthetically advocated rather than dark-shaded backgrounds in zirconia-based restorations.
Are Markets Rational? Investors’ Response to Persistent Bias in Analysts’ Earnings Forecasts

This dissertation intends to address the following two issues: 1) Persistence of the bias in analysts' earnings forecasts; 2) Investors’ response to such bias. It extends the understanding of information economics in earnings studies, and is expected to improve asset pricing models, suggest better model specifications for earnings studies, provide regulatory policy implications, and facilitate discussions on investor rationality. Using two look-back portfolio formation methods that capture salient features of analysts' past forecasting behavior, I form quintile portfolios that describe the range of analysts' forecasting behavior. The optimistic portfolios refer to the portfolios containing firm-quarters whose contemporaneous forecast errors are likely to be negative, while the pessimistic portfolios refer to the portfolios containing firm-quarters whose contemporaneous forecast errors are likely to be positive. Evidence that the two formation methods have significant predictive power for the contemporaneous forecast errors is found and this suggests that there is persistent bias in analysts’ earnings forecasts. Investors’ response to the persistent bias is characterized by two hypotheses. The naive expectations hypothesis (NEH) predicts that investors naively follow analysts’ past forecasting behavior, while the rational expectations hypothesis (REH) predicts that investors fully adjust for analysts’ past forecasting behavior when investors form their own expectations about contemporaneous earnings. Major findings are reported regarding behaviors of two market participants − financial analysts and investors − in forming their expectations in quarterly earnings. The first set of findings provides strong evidence of persistent bias in analysts' forecasts. The second set of findings suggests that investors’ reaction to analysts’ forecasting behavior is complex. The data does not strongly reject the NEH in favor of the REH. It is speculated that investors sometimes seem neither naive nor rational. Rather, they seem to possess another type of quasi-rational behavior other than naive. As a result, the simple framework (NEH versus REH) used in this dissertation has a limit. The examination of a full range of investor behavior is encouraged for future research.
CALCULATIONS OF ( γ-n ) REACTION CROSS-SECTION AND GAMMA RAY INCINERATION OF 144 Ce , 144 Nd , 151 Sm AND 155 Eu

The evaluation of the (γ,n) cross section for radioactive fission products has been done in the present paper. The current research deals with heavy isotopes resulting from fission reactor, namely, 144 Ce, 144 Nd, 151 Sm and 155 Eu. The range of energy lays in the region of energy near the giant dipole resonance, from the threshold energy up to around 30 MeV. The present radioactive isotopes were chosen as part of the radioactive waste from 235 U fission. Total cross section results then were found and calculated, and used to calculate the number of incinerated nuclei. By varying the gamma-ray fluxes and repeating the calculations, the present method shows efficiency in reducing the radioactivity of these isotopes. The results given in the present paper showed direct proportion between incinerated nuclei and the strength of the incident gamma-ray flux, which are consistent with earlier work.
Late or Later? A Sibling Analysis of the Effect of Maternal Age on Children’s Schooling

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Satb 2 Is Required for Dendritic Arborization and Soma Spacing in Mouse Cerebral Cortex

Lei Zhang, Ning-Ning Song, Jia-Yin Chen, Ying Huang, He Li and Yu-Qiang Ding Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, China (East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine) and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China and Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy and Key Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and the Geography of Entrepreneurship in the United States

There is increasing interest in the potential of artificial intelligence and Big Data (e.g., generated via social media) to help understand economic outcomes and processes. But can artificial intelligence models, solely based on publicly available Big Data (e.g., language patterns left on social media), reliably identify geographical differences in entrepreneurial personality/culture that are associated with entrepreneurial activity? Using a machine learning model processing 1.5 billion tweets by 5.25 million users, we estimate the Big Five personality traits and an entrepreneurial personality profile for 1,772 U.S. counties. We find that these Twitter-based personality estimates show substantial relationships to county-level entrepreneurship activity, accounting for 24% (entrepreneurial personality profile) and 32% (all Big Five trait as separate predictors in one model) of the variance in local entrepreneurship and are robust to the introduction in the model of conventional economic factors that affect entrepreneurship. We conclude that artificial intelligence methods, analysing publically available social media data, are indeed able to detect entrepreneurial patterns, by measuring territorial differences in entrepreneurial personality/culture that are valid markers of actual entrepreneurial behaviour. More importantly, such social media datasets and artificial intelligence methods are able to deliver similar (or even better) results than studies based on millions of personality tests (selfreport studies). Our findings have a wide range of implications for research and practice concerned with entrepreneurial regions and eco-systems, and regional economic outcomes interacting with local culture.
Does the human capital of board directors add value to firms? Evidence from an Asian market

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of the human capital of directors on the financial performance of Vietnamese-listed companies. The dynamic system generalised method of moments (system GMM) estimator is used to examine a panel data-set consisting of 315 firm-year observations over a four-year period from 2008 to 2011. In line with resource dependence theory, we report that the human capital of directors appears to have a positive influence upon a firm’s financial performance. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first work on the topic of human capital of directors and firm performance for publicly listed companies in Vietnam. This study, by applying a dynamic longitudinal modelling approach, extends the nascent literature on board human capital as well as more generally to the corporate governance literature by providing robust empirical evidence showing that the general human capital of board directors may add value to firms. Our finding, therefore, supports the efforts made by Vietnamese policy-makers in setting up qualification standards as well as skills diversity for the boards.
Convex solutions of fully nonlinear elliptic equations in classical differential geometry

in bounded plane convex domain Ω. By an ingenious argument involving the maximum principle, he proved that √ u is concave. In an important article by Brascamp-Lieb [9], they established the log-concavity of the fundamental solution of diffusion equation with convex potential. As a consequence, they proved the log-concavity of the first eigenfunction of Laplace equation in convex domains and the Brunn-Minkowski inequality for the first eigenvalues. For the case of dimension two, another proof of Brascamp-Lieb’s result was found in Acker-Payne-Philippin [1]. It was observed that the function v = log u satisfies the following equation,
Numerical Analysis of a Non-Profiled Plate for Flapping Wing Turbines

A non-profiled (rectangular) plate section was investigated for its effect on the performance of a flapping wing turbine for power generation. The plate was subjected to laminar flow conditions having a steady free stream flow (Reynolds number Re 1100); while flapping with prescribed sinusoidal pitching and plunging kinematics. Results of numerical simulation give a power efficiency as high as 34% for a non-profiled plate with a pitching amplitude of 75, a plunge amplitude of 1 chord, a phase difference of 90 between pitch and plunge, a reduced frequency 0.8, at pivot location 1/3 chord from the leading edge. This performance is 5.35% over that of the profiled counterpart (NACA0012). Results also show that similar to the profiled plate, the plate thickness has an insignificant effect on the turbine performance.
Subsidies, Endogenous Technical Efficiency and the Measurement of Productivity Growth

Abstract The impacts of program subsidy on productivity growth is investigated in this study. Mundlak's concept of endogeneity is applied to technical efficiency and generalized within a dual framework. Technology is described by an aggregate cost function while technical efficiency is conditional on a vector of state variables. Empirical evidence from the U.S. dairy sector supports the hypothesis that protectionism, in the form of program subsidy, is the source of considerable technical inefficiencies.
Nebulized bacitracin/colimycin: a treatment option in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with Staphylococcus aureus? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study

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Title The metabolic profile of a rat model of chronic kidney disease

Background. The kidney is always subjected to high metabolic demand. The aim of this study was to characterizemetabolic profiles of a rat model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) induced by prolonged hypertension. Methods. We used inbred male Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats fed an 8% NaCl diet from six weeks of age (high-salt; HS group) or a 0.3% NaCl diet as controls (low-salt; LS group). We analyzed function, pathology, metabolome, and the gene expression related to energy metabolism of the kidney. Results. DS rats with a high-salt diet showed hypertension at 11 weeks of age and elevated serum levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogenwith heart failure at 21weeks of age. The fibrotic area in the kidneys increased at 21 weeks of age. In addition, gene expression related to mitochondrial function was largely decreased. The levels of citrate and isocitrate increased and the gene expression of alpha-ketoglutaratedehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA synthetase decreased; these are enzymes that metabolize citrate and isocitrate, respectively. In addition, the levels of succinate and acetyl Co-A, both of which are metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, decreased. Conclusions. DS rats fed a high-salt diet were deemed a suitable model of CKD with CRS. Gene expression and metabolites related to energy metabolism and mitochondria in the kidney significantly changed in DS rats with hypertension in accordance with the progression of renal injury. Subjects Molecular Biology, Cardiology, Nephrology
The origin and nature of categorical perception of colour: Evidence from event-related brain potentials.

Categorical perception (CP) of colour is demonstrated by faster or more accurate discrimination of colours that cross a category boundary, compared to equivalently spaced colours from the same colour category. Despite a plethora of behavioural research exploring the origin and nature of colour CP, the processes involved in the effect are still unresolved. This thesis investigates the time course and underlying mechanisms of colour CP by using the Event-Related Potential (ERP) technique. This is a relatively novel approach that involves the measurement of stimulus evoked brain potentials at the scalp. ERPs were recorded during four studies that used variations of a visual oddball task, where a standard colour stimulus was shown frequently, interspersed by less frequent presentations of 'deviant' colours from the same or different category to the standard. Analysis of adult ERP waveforms in Study 1 established that category effects occur-from as early as 90 ms post-stimulus onset. This finding provides the first clear evidence of an early perceptual basis for colour CP. Additionally, differences in later ERP components also implicate post- perceptual, cognitive mechanisms such as memory and language. Study 2 explored early perceptual stages of processing in more detail, revealing that early category effects are rapid, automatic and pre-attentive. The time course and neural markers of infant colour CP were investigated in Study 3. This study provides the first electrophysiological evidence of pre-linguistic color category effects, demonstrating that processes of attention, recognition memory and novelty detection are involved in infant colour CP. Finally, Study 4 explored the relative contributions of perceptual and post-perceptual processes to acquired adult colour CP following category training. Learning of two new categories led to enhanced discrimination of colour's around the learned category boundary, with this effect only revealing itself in later, cognitive ERP components. This suggests that category training does not affect early perceptual responses, but rather that mechanisms such as memory and language govern acquired colour CP. This thesis demonstrates that categorical information is detected rapidly by the human brain. Additionally, the finding of category effects in infant ERP components offers new evidence of how the infant brain categorises in the absence of language. Finally, the novel finding that learnt category effects reveal themselves in later ERP components emphasises the importance of cognitive strategies in forming categories.
Do relationships change after a crisis?The case of a housing market ♦

This paper studies the co-movements of different real estate developments following the approach of Forbes and Rigobon (2002). The mean correlation of price, trading volume as well, among estates increases before a financial crisis. The distribution of the correlations is also skewed. After the crisis, the correlations drop dramatically and stay low. We also adopt the approach by Campbell et al. (2001) to decompose the price variance. The share of the idiosyncratic component increases from about 60% to 90% after the crisis. These findings are consistent to a family of theories which emphasize on “regime switch” in expectation.
THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS LOJASIEWICZ EXPONENTS AND NEWTON POLYHEDRA

In this paper we obtain the exact value of the Lojasiewicz exponent at the origin of analytic map germs on K (K = R or C) under the Newton non-degeneracy condition, using information from their Newton polyhedra. We also give some conclusions on Newton non-degenerate analytic map germs. As a consequence, we obtain a link between Newton non-degenerate ideals and their integral closures, thus leading to a simple proof of a result of Saia. Similar results are also considered to polynomial maps which are Newton non-degenerate at infinity. MIRAMARE TRIESTE July 2006 Regular Associate of ICTP. pham ts@yahoo.co.uk
Long-term CH3Br and CH3Cl flux measurements in temperate salt marshes

Fluxes of CH3Br and CH3Cl and their relation- ship with potential drivers such as sunlight, temperature and soil moisture, were monitored at fortnightly to monthly in- tervals for more than two years at two contrasting temper- ate salt marsh sites in Scotland. Manipulation experiments were conducted to further investigate possible links between drivers and fluxes. Fluxes followed both seasonal and diurnal trends with highest fluxes during summer days and lowest (negative) fluxes during winter nights. Mean ( ± 1 sd) an- nually and diurnally-weighted net emissions from the two sites were found to be 300± 44 ng m 2 h 1 for CH3Br and 662± 266 ng m 2 h 1 for CH3Cl. The fluxes from this work are similar to findings from this and other research groups for salt marshes in cooler, higher latitude climates, but lower than values from salt marshes in the Mediterranean climate of southern California. Statistical analysis generally did not demonstrate a strong link between temperature or sunlight levels and methyl halide fluxes, although it is likely that tem- peratures have a weak direct influence on emissions, and both certainly have indirect influence via the annual and daily cycles of the vegetation. CH3Cl flux magnitudes from dif- ferent measurement locations depended on the plant species enclosed whereas such dependency was not discernible for CH3Br fluxes. In 14 out of 18 collars with vegetation CH 3Br and CH3Cl net fluxes were significantly positively correlated. The CH3Cl/CH3Br net-emission mass ratio was 2.2, a mag- nitude lower than mass ratios of global methyl halide budgets ( 22) or emissions from tropical rainforests ( 60). This is likely due to preference for CH3Br production by the rela- tively high bromine content in the salt marsh plant material. Extrapolation based solely on data from this study yields salt marsh contributions of 0.5-3.2% and 0.05-0.33%, re- spectively, of currently-estimated total global production of CH3Br and CH3Cl, but actual global contributions likely lie between these values and those derived from southern Cali- fornia.
A Comparison between β-Cyclodextrin and Chitosan as Soft Organic Materials for Surface Modification of MWCNTs

In this paper, synthesized (raw) multi-walled carbon nanotube (rMWCNTs) surfaces were modified with chitosan and β-cyclodextrin using Chen’s soft cutting technique. Raw and surface modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that chitosan and β-cyclodextrin could attach to the outer surface of nanotubes, wrapping the nanotubes axially. In contrast to the chitosan, β-cyclodextrin not only would attach to the inner and outer surface of the MWCNT walls but also fill their hollow section. It was also found that the surface modified MWCNTs were shorter and their dispersion in organic solvent (NMP) was better than r-MWCNTs. Sedimentation test revealed that dispersion of β-cyclodextrin surface modified MWCNTs was better stabilized in NMP solvent than the chitosan surface modified MWCNTs.