Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial activity of Theobroma grandiflorum Schum leaves’ extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

The present study aimed to obtain ethanol extract of Theobroma Grandiflorum Schum (cupuacu) leaves and evaluate the antibacterial activity of the obtained extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . The leaves were collected in two different periods of the year and divided into two groups (Group 1 and Group 2), in order to investigate the influence of season of leaves collecting on the effectiveness of the extract. The leaves were cleaned, dried (50 °C/12 h) and grinded for posterior addition of ethanol. Grinded leaves and ethanol mixture was heated (50 °C/1 h) and left to rest (24 h). Solid and liquid parts were separated by filtration. Soxhlet technique was used to recover the ethanol from the separated liquid part. Complete ethanol removal was achieved using an oven, to obtain the dry extract (DLE). The yield obtained was 1.46% and 1.54% for the first and second group, respectively. The extract obtained was diluted in DMSO in distinct proportions (1:3, 1:7, 1:9 (extract: DMSO (w/w)) and tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus , both at a concentration of 10 9 and 10 5 CFU mL -1 , based on the disk diffusion technique. Using the extract from the first group of leaves against 10 9 CFU mL -1 density population, both bacteria were classified as intermediate sensitive. Using the extract obtained from the second group of leaves against 10 5 CFU mL -1 , it was observed that S. aureus kept classified as intermediate sensitive while E. coli was classified as resistant. The results suggest that the DLE can inhibit the growth of tested bacteria. Thus, further studies may be carried out in order to (a) investigate the DLE as a natural product for food preservation and (b) support the search of food industry for alternatives to control such microorganisms.
Emotionality during and after the Commissions of an Offence: A Look at Offence-Related Shame and Intrusive Memories in Justice-Involved Adult Males

Abstract The limited research concerning trauma secondary to committing crime in justice-involved persons has been restricted to male forensic psychiatric and violent offender populations. We aimed to extend this by examining justice-involved persons’ memories about their crimes, and exploring factors involved in intrusive memories across offence types. One hundred justice-involved adult males completed a questionnaire package examining offence-related shame, guilt, instrumentality-reactivity, and memory characteristics. Forty-three percent reported intrusive memories of a crime they committed. These were experienced across all crime types, especially those with reactive elements. Shame was found to be the most significant correlate of intrusive memories over and above all other factors. While further research is needed (e.g., with justice-involved women), results are in line with theoretical foundations of posttraumatic stress disorder and shed light on psychological consequences of offending. The findings have implications for clinicians and researchers alike, in that intrusive memories and shame may be precipitating factors for related risk factors and would relatedly be worth considering when evaluating patterns of violence and creating relapse prevention plans.
Effect of Temperature on Enhanced Oil Recovery from Mixed-Wet Chalk Cores by Spontaneous Imbibition and Forced Displacement Using Seawater

Seawater, as wettability modifier in chalk, has been studied at different temperatures and flooding conditions. Without sulfate initially present in the formation water, previous studies by spontaneous imbibition have shown that a temperature of about 100 °C is needed for the wettability modification to take place. The temperature plays a very important role for the chemical reactions taking place at the chalk surface and for the diffusion of active ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42−) into the chalk matrix. In the present study, the enhanced oil recovery using seawater was studied by both spontaneous imbibition and viscous flooding at 90, 110, and 120 °C. A crude oil of high acid number (AN = 1.90 mg of KOH/g) was used to ensure a low, initial water wetness. At 90 °C, no difference in oil recovery using seawater and formation water in a spontaneous imbibition process was observed, but in the following viscous flooding process, seawater enhanced the oil recovery by 14% compared to formation water. At 110 and 120 .
How operationalizations of word types affect measures of lexical diversity

This study tests three measures of lexical diversity (LD), each using five operationalizations of word types. The measures include MTLD (measure of textual lexical diversity), MTLD-W (moving average MTLD with wrap-around measurement), and MATTR (moving average type-token ratio). Each of these measures is tested with types operationalized as orthographic forms, lemmas using automated POS tags, lemmas using manually corrected POS tags, flemmas (list-based lemmas that do not distinguish between parts of speech), and word families. These measures are applied to 60 narrative texts written in English by adolescent native speakers of English (n = 13), Finnish (n = 31), and Swedish (n = 16). Each individual LD measure is evaluated in relation to how well it correlates with the mean LD ratings of 55 human raters whose inter-rater reliability was exceedingly high (Cronbach’s alpha = .980). The overall results show that the three measures are comparable but two of the operationalizations of types produce mixed results across measures.
Luminescence studies of localized gap states in colloidal ZnS nanocrystals

ZnS nanoparticles were prepared by chemical precipitation of Zn2+ with sulfur ions in aqueous solution. The ultraviolet-excited samples reveal detailed structure in the luminescence spectra. A doublet pattern observed in the long wavelength region is attributed to the coexistence of the two crystalline forms in ZnS particles. The visible luminescent radiation at 590.1 nm is due to Mn impurities. The dominant emission band at short wavelengths exhibits a quadruple fine structure with peaks located at 416.1, 423.9, 430.1, and 437.8 nm which are identified with optical transitions arising from vacancy and interstitial sites for both Zn and S atoms.
A parabolic model and an iterative algorithm for the slab-cushion interface and the application in simulating the dynamic separation between the face slabs and cushion layer

Abstract The new damage phenomenon of the Zipingpu concrete-faced rock-fill dam (CFRD) in the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake has introduced new topics to the study of seismic failure mechanisms and numerical simulation methods of high CFRDs. With respect to the large-scale contact separation between the face slabs and the cushion layer after the earthquake, the conventional method of directly assigning constant values to the normal stiffness of the interface element can only qualitatively reflect the separated or closed state of the interface. In this article, a parabolic model for the normal stiffness of the interface is proposed, and an iterative algorithm for its optimal value is established based on the contact states. Combined with a generalised plasticity constitutive model, the 3 D finite element (FE) coupling analysis of the Zipingpu Dam is performed. The results show good agreements between the numerical calculations and field measurement conclusions. In addition, the opening and closing processes of the interface during the earthquake reproduce the dynamic face-slabs separation situation. It is indicated that the proposed constitutive model and the iterative algorithm can basically realise the quantitative estimation for the range and depth of the separation, providing a reliable method for the seismic analysis of high CFRDs.
Artificial Neural Networks in the Prediction of Genetic Merit to Flowering Traits in Bean Cultivars

Flowering is an important agronomic trait that presents non-additive gene action. Genome-enabled prediction allow incorporating molecular information into the prediction of individual genetic merit. Artificial neural networks (ANN) recognize patterns of data and represent an alternative as a universal approximation of complex functions. In a Genomic Selection (GS) context, the ANN allows automatically to capture complicated factors such as epistasis and dominance. The objectives of this study were to predict the individual genetic merits of the traits associated with the flowering time in the common bean using the ANN approach, and to compare the predictive abilities obtained for ANN and Ridge Regression Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (RR-BLUP). We used a set of 80 bean cultivars and genotyping was performed with a set of 384 SNPs. The higher accuracy of the selective process of phenotypic values based on ANN output values resulted in a greater efficacy of the genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV). Through the root mean square error computational intelligence approaches via ANN, GEBV were shown to have greater efficacy than GS via RR-BLUP.
The magnetic properties of antiferromagnetic nanoparticles: NiO and αFe2O3

Nickel oxide (NiO) and hematite (α-Fe2O3), both antiferromagnets, have magnetic properties which at nanoscale differ from those of the bulk materials. With emphasis on NiO nanoparticles and comparisons with α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles these magnetic properties are studied by a range of experimental techniques: elastic and inelastic neutron scattering, Mössbauer spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. Knowledge of the size and shape of the nanoparticles is an often neglected prerequisite for studies of their magnetic properties. The NiO nanoparticles are found to be plate shaped with the (111) planes as plate faces, a thickness of about 2.3 nm and a diameter of about 13 nm. The magnetic structure is similar to that of bulk NiO, with the spins confined in the (111) planes. Measurements of the spin dynamics reveal a value of the magnetic anisotropy aligning the spins along an easy axis within the planes significantly larger than the bulk value. The agglomeration state of the particles has an important influence on the magnetic properties of the particles. In both materials exchange interactions between the particles strongly affect the spin dynamics, increasing the resonance energy of zero wave vector (q = 0) spin waves and suppressing the thermally activated relaxation of the spins, known as superparamagnetism. A significant reduction of this interaction is surprisingly achieved by simple mechanical treatments, such as grinding in a mortar by hand. Nanoparticles of antiferromagnetic materials will have an uncompensated magnetic moment, arising at finite particle sizes because of a surplus of spins in one sublattice. This uncompensated moment is quantified in the NiO nanoparticles and found to be independent of the aggregation state. Use of the recently implemented monochromatic imaging mode of the RITAII triple axis neutron spectrometer to measure inelastic neutron scattering data from the NiO nanoparticle samples is described. The advantages of using such a multi-blade mode are demonstrated.
Peningkatan Sumber Daya Manusia Melalui Pelatihan Dan Pendampingan Digital Marketing

Tujuan dalam kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan digital marketing ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, kemampuan dan keterampilan peserta dalam hal pemanfaatan platform digital. Serta memberikan alternatif pilihan mata pencaharian peserta atau sumber baru untuk meningkatkan pendapatannya.Sasaran pelatihan dan pendampingan merupakan remaja generasi milenial yang berusia 15 – 24 tahun desa Maor kecamatan kembangbahu dengan jumlah orang 15 peserta yang seluruhnya memiliki handphone yang mendukung aplikasi digital marketing.Metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan dan pendampingan digital marketing adalah metode ceramah atau sosialisasi dan praktik langsung. Dari pelatihan digital marketing dapat disimpulkan bahwa motivasi sangat penting untuk membangun dan dapat memberikan semangat terhadap peserta pelatihan dalam berwirausaha. Dari kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan ini di hasilkan 15 akun yang dapat menjadi alat atau sarana digital marketing. Selain itu juga terbentuk sharing group yang berguna untuk wadah penyemangat serta membangun ikatan persaudaraan, kekompakan antar peserta dan sharing masalah-masalah yang dihadapi serta solusi yang bisa di diskusikan bersama antar peserta pelatihan dan pendampingan digital marketing. Dengan adanya pelatihan dan pendampingan digital marketing ini semoga bermanfaat dan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, kemampuan dan keterampilan dalam hal digital marketing.
Reactions of Surfactants with Montmorillonitic Soils

Two montmorillonitic soils were treated with each of eight surfactants at three treatment rates: 1 %, 0.1%, and 0.01% by weight. The effects of the treatments on certain important physical properties of the soils were investigated by means of aggregate stability analysis, capillary rise measurements, and modulus of rupture. The surfactants included three anionic, three cationic, and two nonionic compounds. The anionics were not strongly adsorbed by the soils. When the soils were dried in contact with them, they were weakly held and readily released to the liquid phase upon rewetting. Their effects on soil physical properties were directly related to the lowering of surface tension of the liquid phase, and the magnitude of the effect was strongly dependent on treatment rate. The cationics were strongly absorbed by the soil exchange complex on soil readily released upon rewetting. Their effects on soil physical properties were directly related to the degree of hydrophobicity imparted, which increased with alkyl chain length and amount of material added to the soil. The nonionics were adsorbed by hydrogen-bonding to clay and other oxygen-rich mineral surfaces. Their sorption energy was somewhat greater than that of water, and they displaced water from the surfaces. Their effects on soil physical properties were small and in proportion to the amount of chemical added. Those effects were related to reduced hydration of surfaces and the hydrophilic centers associated with the nonionic compounds.
Local microcircuitry of parasubiculum shows distinct and common features of excitatory and inhibitory connectivity

The parasubiculum is located within the parahippocampal region, where it is thought to be involved in the processing of spatial navigational information. It contains a number of functionally specialised neuron types including grid cells, head direction cells and border cells, and provides input into layer 2 of the medial entorhinal cortex where grid cells are abundantly located. The local circuitry within the parasubiculum remains so far undefined but may provide clues as to the emergence of spatially tuned firing properties of neurons in this region. We used simultaneous patch-clamp recordings to determine the connectivity rates between the three major groups of neurons found in the parasubiculum. We find high rates of interconnectivity between the pyramidal class and interneurons, as well as features of pyramid to pyramid interactions indicative of a non-random network. The microcircuit that we uncover shares both similarities and divergences to those from other parahippocampal regions also involved in spatial navigation.
Waste Management Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms

Waste Management is one of the essential issues that the world is currently facing does not matter if the country is developed or under developing. The key issue in this waste segregation is that the trash bin at open spots gets flooded well ahead of time before the beginning of the following cleaning process. The isolation of waste is done by unskilled workers which is less effective, time-consuming, and not plausible because of a lot of waste. So, we are proposing an automated waste classification problem utilizing Machine Learning and Deep Learning algorithms. The goal of this task is to gather a dataset and arrange it into six classes consisting of glass, paper, and metal, plastic, cardboard, and waste. The model that we have used are classification models. For our research we did comparisons between four algorithms, those are CNN, SVM, Random Forest, and Decision Tree. As our concern is a classification problem, we have used several machine learning and deep learning algorithm that best fits for classification solutions. For our model, CNN accomplished high characterization on accuracy around 90%, while SVM additionally indicated an excellent transformation to various kinds of waste which were 85%, and Random Forest and Decision Tree have accomplished 55% and 65% respectively
Association between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Japanese Population: A Secondary Analysis of a Retrospective Cohort Study

Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but research on this relationship is limited in Japan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between TyG index and the risk of T2DM in the Japanese population. Here, 12732 participants were selected from the NAGALA study (NAfld in the Gifu Area, Longitudinal Analysis) conducted between 2004 and 2015 for a retrospective cohort analysis. The association between TyG index and T2DM was assessed using the Cox proportional-hazard model. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, waist circumference, BMI, and follow-up duration. The formula for TyG index was expressed as ln [fasting triglyceride level (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose level (mg/dL)/2]. After follow-up, 150 (1.18%) patients developed T2DM. After adjusting for potential confounders, a linear relationship was observed between TyG and the risk of T2DM. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, regular exercise, smoking status, and alcohol consumption, TyG index, as a continuous variable, was associated with an increased risk of T2DM (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.79; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.25-2.57). Compared with the first quartile of TyG index, subjects in the fourth quartile were 2.33-fold more likely to develop T2DM (aHR 2.33, 95% CI 1.09-4.96; P for trend 0.0224). Subgroup analyses showed that the association between TyG index and incident T2DM stably existed in different subgroups according to the variables tested. Therefore, TyG index was linearly related to the risk of incident T2DM in the Japanese population and may be used as a monitoring tool.
Non-Binary and Intersex Visibility and Erasure in Roman Archaeology

An issue being tackled in modern, particularly western, archaeology is the assumption that something intrinsic to a scholar’s own culture is an etic in space and time. While many insist our views of sex and gender in the modern world are changing, there has always been variation from the sex-based binary. This article explores intersex visibility in archaeology, and the potential for contemporary non-binary genders. This is achieved through analysis of the issues that prevent non-binary identities and intersex people from being identified in archaeology. This paper argues that gender cannot be explored accurately out of context, as it is strongly linked to the culture they live in and their life experiences. Additionally, the people who buried them might have had a different view of their gender and its presentation. Thus, this paper focuses on the issues of studying gender in Roman Britain, and in the ancient world.
Optimal Hybrid Renewable Energy System: A Comparative Study of Wind/Hydrogen/Fuel-Cell and Wind/Battery Storage

This paper performs a technoeconomic comparison of two hybrid renewable energy supplies (HRES) for a specific location in Ghana and suggests the optimal solution in terms of cost, energy generation capacity, and emissions. The two HRES considered in this paper were wind/hydrogen/fuel-cell and wind/battery storage, respectively. The necessity of this study was derived from the rise and expansion of hybrid renewable energy supply in a decentralised network. The readiness to embrace these new technologies is apparently high, but the best combination for a selected location that brings optimum benefits is not obvious and demands serious technical knowledge of their technical and economic models. In the methodology, an analytical model of energy generation by the various RE sources was first established, and data were collected about a rural-urban community in Doderkope, Ghana, to test the models. HOMER software was used to design the two hybrid systems based on the same load profiles, and results were compared. It turns out that the HRES 1 (wind/hydrogen/fuel-cell) had the lowest net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of electricity (COE) over the project life span of 25 years. The energy reserve with the HRES 2 (wind/battery storage) was huge compared to that with the HRES 1, about 270% bigger. Furthermore, with respect to the emissions, the HRES 2 was environmentally friendlier than the HRES 1. Even though the battery storage seems to be more cost-effective than the hydrogen fuel-cell technology, the latter presents some merits regarding system capacity and emission that deserve greater attention as the world looks into more sustainable energy storage systems.
Interannual‐to‐Decadal Variations of Particulate Organic Carbon and the Contribution of Phytoplankton in the Tropical Pacific During 1981–2016: A Model Study

model development paper), we only provide a brief description on OGCM and biogeochemical model. But, we could add some details particularly for the biogeochemical model if space is allowed. Oxygen has been a state variable (just like carbon and nitrogen) in the basin-scale biogeochemical model. Most parameters used to compute the sources/sinks of oxygen are the same as those for nitrogen and carbon cycles. We analyzed/validated many biogeochemical variables in our previous studies, e.g., chlorophyll (Wang et al., 2009a; Wang et al., 2013), nitrogen uptake and regeneration (Wang et al., 2009b) and carbon cycling (Wang et al., 2006b; Wang et al., 2015). In addition, we reported/validated PP & NCP (Wang et al., 2006b), new production (Wang et al., 2006a), and nitrate, iron, POC/detritus and export production below 200 m (Yu et al., 2021). Although this is the first manuscript reporting mode calibration and validation for oxygen cycle, we have presented some findings on oxygen cycle modeling at a few international conferences, e.g., AGU Fall Meeting 2016, AOGS Annual Meeting 2016, SFB754 (2018) and 2018 Climate Change Symposium.