Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Educational Program on Improving Nursing Knowledge and Practice Regarding Administration of Oxytocin during Labor

Abstract: Background Oxytocin is a serious medication that needs close monitoring to avoid consequences on the mother and the fetus and to evaluate labor progress. Aimof the study wasto evaluate the effects of educational program on improving nursing knowledge and practice regarding administration of oxytocin during labor. Subjects& methods: Research design: A quasi-experimental design was used.Setting: the study was conducted in maternity hospital at Zagazig university hospitals,SharkiaGovernorate, Egypt, between the period from October 2018 to March 2019. Subjects: included two groups: Group I:Parturient women(30 women) and Group II: Consists of thirty nurses provided direct nursing care for women during labor. Tools of data collection: Four tools were used in this study.The first tool wasparturient women assessment sheet during labor, the second tool was knowledge questionnaire sheet, the third tool was an observational checklist for nurses' practice, while the fourth tools was intervention program. Results: The results of this study show that there was improvement in nurse’s knowledge and practice about giving oxytocin during labor after implementation of the program. Also, there was a positive relation between nurse's knowledge and practice level with maternal and fetal outcome Conclusion: there was high positive correlation between nurse's knowledge and practice level after the intervention program.Recommendations: Provide in-service training program or workshops to provide the nurse midwives with knowledge and practice about oxytocin drug administration during labor.
Study of the Determinants of the Population's Membership of Mutual Health Insurance in the Health District of Guédiawaye (Senegal) in 2015

Financing health care continues to be a major challenge in low-income countries where universal health coverage is still far from being achieved. The objective of our study is to assess the level of adherence of populations to mutual health insurance and to study the determining factors. We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study among a sample of household heads selected through a two-stage cluster survey from 21 to 31 December 2015 in the district of Guediawaye. A questionnaire validated after a pre-test was administered during an individual interview. Socio-economic and household characteristics, factors related to the provision of care and those related to mutual health insurance were collected. These data were entered and analyzed on Epi Info 2000 version 3.5. 3. The significance value was p<0.05. The Odds ratio was used to measure the strength of the link. The study covered 300 heads of household, 90% of whom live in rural areas. The average age was 49.7 years with 93% of male. The overall membership rate was 16.7%. The analysis showed that UDAM membership was influenced by gender with p=0.033 and OR=2.74 (95% CI: 1.04-7.19). There was also a significant relationship between education level and membership of mutual health insurance with p=0.001 and OR=3.71 (95% CI: 1.97-6.99). In the service offer, the quality of the medical prescription encouraged some people to join mutual health insurance with p=0.020 and OR=2.12 (95% CI: 1.12-4). Among the factors related to mutual health insurance, access to information about the existence of mutual health insurance influenced membership with p=0.001 and OR=22.22 (95% CI: 3.01-163.84). This study not only revealed the low level of adherence to mutual health insurance in the Guediawaye health district, but also it helped identify the factors that positively or negatively influence adherence to mutual health insurance. With the involvement of all the actors concerned, such an information should make it possible to improve universal health coverage in the Guediawaye health district.
Treatment Outcome of Severe Acute Malnutrition Among Children (6-59 Months) in Outpatient Therapeutic Feeding Program in Gursum District, Somali Region, Ethiopia

Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is one of public health problems in developing countries which mainly affect under five children. Ethiopia is one of the countries with uppermost under-five child mortality rate, in which malnutrition contributes to 57% of all children’s death. This study provides an insight based on management of SAM and help to improve the management of severe acute malnutrition in outpatient therapeutic program (OTP). This study aimed to assess treatment outcomes of severe acute malnutrition and associated factors among children treated at outpatient program in Gursum woreda, Eastern Ethiopia. Facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatient program records of 350 children, treated at twelve health facilities obtained from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. Proportional allocation was conducted to get sample size for each selected health facility and outpatient program sites within woreda. Individual cards of children were selected by systematic random sampling. Data were entered using Epi data software version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 22 for cleaning and further analysis. Crude and Adjusted odd ratio along with the 95% confidence interval were estimated by using bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions to identify factors associated with treatment outcome. Level of significance was declared at P-value less or equal to 0.25 and 0.05 respectively. The recovery rate of sever acute malnutrition was 81.7%. Death rate, defaulter rate, weight gain, and length of stay were 0%, 12.6%, 3.8g/kg/day and 6.7 weeks respectively. The odd of recovery was 2.5 times higher for children with kwashiorkor than children with marasmus (AOR: 2.877, 95% CI: 1.141, 7.255, P=0.025), and those children with self-referral were 57.4% more likely to recover than their counterpart. The average weight gain and length of stay were not in acceptable range of international SPHERE Standard. Also Type of malnutrition and self-referral were factors identified as significant associated with treatment outcome of severe acute malnutrition. Capacity building of OTP service providers, regular monitoring of service provision based on the severe acute management protocol and awareness creation of community were recommended.
Relationships between Land Use, Transportation, Household Expenditures, and Municipal Spending in Small Urban Areas

This study developed a number of models to estimate the relationships between land use, transit ridership, household expenditures, and municipal spending, with a focus on small urban areas. First, a regression model was developed that estimated transit ridership in small urban areas as a function of service quantity, service characteristics, the unemployment rate, demographic characteristics, and population density. A second model, using American Community Survey data at the Census block group level, estimated the relationships between density and use of transit for commuting, as well as the impacts of living or working in the metro area’s principal city on commuting behavior. Data from the U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey were used to model relationships between dwelling type and age with household transportation expenditures. Lastly, a model was developed to estimate the impacts of land use and other factors on per capita municipal spending. The model was used to estimate spending for eight categories of expenditures that could be influenced by land use development. Density was shown to be positively associated with transit ridership. The use of transit for commuting was found to increase with block group density, total metro population, if the area is within the principal city, and if a large percentage of workers commute to the principal city. Household transportation expenditures were found to be greater for those living in single-family detached structures and lowest for those living in high rises. Among households living in single-family detached structures, those in older homes were found to spend less on transportation. Density was also found to be negatively associated with per capita municipal expenditures for a number of cost categories.
What scares patients to get admitted in a psychiatry ward? An exploratory study

Background: There has been very little focus on understanding the experiences of people suffering from mental illness during their treatment in the outpatient and inpatient treatment facilities. Majority of the decisions regarding their treatment are taken by the mental health professionals in consultation with the caregivers, and the patient remains a passive recipient of the services. It is commonly seen that patients refuse admission in the psychiatry ward even when clinical needs warrant admission. Aim: The aim of the current study was to explore the perception of patients regarding admission in the psychiatry ward and the fears associated with indoor treatment facility. Methodology: A semistructured interview schedule was administered to 110 patients undergoing treatment from outpatient services to study their attitude toward treatment in psychiatry ward. Results: A large number of patients perceived psychiatry ward as a hostile place with unfriendly atmosphere and dark and unsupportive environment. However, the patients who had been admitted in the past found it less scary and appreciated good and friendly behavior of the staff in the ward. Conclusion: Negative perception of inpatient treatment and psychiatry wards is still highly prevalent among the patients. With growing focus on reducing stigma about psychiatric illnesses, dispelling the myths related to treatment in wards is the need of the hour.
Instrumental Extraction by Obstetric Suction Cup at Nabil Choucair Health Center (Dakar, Senegal) from 2005 to 2016: Indications and Prognosis

The objective of this study was to take stock of instrumental extractions using an obstetric suction cup at the Nabil Choucair Health Center in Dakar. It was a retrospective, descriptive study on instrumental extractions by vacuum cup from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017 (144 months) at the maternity unit of the Nabil Choucair Health Center. This study included all patients who had experienced vacuum assisted delivery. The parameters studied concerned socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, indications and maternal-foetal complications. The collection was carried out using the fact sheet completed on the basis of the analysis of the files, the delivery register, and the anaesthesia register of the operating room. Data entry was carried out using Sphinx version 5 software and data analysis by Epi info version 3.5 software and descriptive analysis was carried out by studying the frequency, the mean and the standard deviation. During the study period 66,000 women gave birth and we collected 360 instrumental extractions. The frequency of the vacuum cup was 0.5% for instrumental extractions. The average age of the patients was 24.5 years, parity was 1.6. The average gestational age was 39.4 Weeks of Amenorrhea (SA), the average uterine height was 33 cm, the noises of the foetal heart were normal in 98% of parturients. The indications were dominated by a stop in the progression of foetal mobile (39%). The mean average birth weight was 2994 g and 97% of new-borns had an Apgar score of 9. Maternal complications were dominated by simple perineal tears (7%) and 3 cervical tears (1.2%). The neonatal prognosis was dominated by 13 caput succedaneum (chignon) (7%). The obstetrics suction cup is still decisive for the foetal outcome in our maternities. The mastery of the technique and the right indications help to avoid complications.
Abnormal Symptoms of Fungi-Induced Morphological Changes in Infected Melon (Colocynthis Citrullus Linn.) Seeds During Storage

Bruising, morphological distortion, decaying, discolouration and mycotoxin production in stored melon seeds ensued partly as a result of several microbial activities within the storage environment. Shelled and unshelled melon seeds were collected from store houses in local markets within Lagos, Nigeria. Disease diagnosis, characterization and Laboratory analysis were conducted on samples collected. Absidia corymbifera and Penicillium spp caused decay and mummification of unshelled melon seeds, Cladosporium spp and Aspergillus fumigatus degraded the unshelled seed hilum, while A. flavus, Curvularia spp and Cladosporium spp caused tanning of the shell of stored melon seeds. Also, A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, and Penicillium spp caused internal ramification and morphological distortion of unshelled melon seeds. The ability of these storage fungi to degrade melon seeds were mostly restricted by their capacity to survive and thrive within the storage environment.
On the Transmission of News and Mining Shocks in Bitcoin

Cryptocurrency prices fluctuate strongly despite the fact that their supply typically follows mechanical rules. In this paper we focus on two determinants of Bitcoin valuations. Using an agnostic narrative approach to identify exogenous events related to Bitcoin mining (mining shocks) and news affecting investor perception (news shocks), we first show that both types of events have sizable and persistent effects on Bitcoin valuation and aggregate mining activity. We then rationalize our findings in a model with search frictions in which heterogeneous investors can trade Bitcoin but have their transactions validated by competitive miners. The model endogenously generates waiting times and an equilibrium distribution of asset positions, which is driven by competition among miners on validation speed. Finally, we use our model to inform sign restrictions in a structural VAR analysis. We confirm the model narrative and our initial findings that both news and mining shocks significantly and persistently affect Bitcoin valuations.
Observational constraints on the effective climate sensitivity from the historical period

The observed warming in the atmosphere and ocean can be used to estimate the climate sensitivity linked to present-day feedbacks, which is referred to as the effective climate sensitivity (Shist). However, such an estimate is affected by uncertainty in the radiative forcing, particularly aerosols, over the historical period. Here, we make use of detection and attribution techniques to derive the surface air temperature and ocean warming that can be attributed directly to greenhouse gas increases. These serve as inputs to a simple energy budget to infer the likelihood of Shist in response to observed greenhouse gases increases over two time periods (1862–2012 and 1955–2012). The benefit of using greenhouse gas attributable quantities is that they are not subject to uncertainties in the aerosol forcing (other than uncertainty in the attribution to greenhouse gas versus aerosol forcing not captured by the multi-model aerosol response pattern). The resulting effective climate sensitivity estimate, Shist, ranges from 1.3 °C to 3.1 °C (5%–95% range) over the full instrumental period (1862–2012) for our best estimate, and gets slightly wider when considering further uncertainties. This estimate increases to 1.7 °C–4.6 °C if using the shorter period (1955–2012). We also evaluate the climate model simulated surface air temperature and ocean heat content increase in response to greenhouse gas forcing over the same periods, and compare them with the observationally-constrained values. We find that that the ocean warming simulated in greenhouse gas only simulations in models considered here is consistent with that attributed to greenhouse gas increases from observations, while one model simulates more greenhouse gas-induced surface air warming than observed. However, other models with sensitivity outside our range show greenhouse gas warming that is consistent with that attributed in observations, emphasising that feedbacks during the historical period may differ from the feedbacks at CO2 doubling and from those at true equilibrium.
Effectiveness of Teaching Program on Knowledge and barriers towards cervical cancer screening amongwomen of reproductive age

Cervical cancer is a major global health problem, with nearly 500,000 new cases occurring each year worldwide. The study aim to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching program on knowledge and barriers towards cervical cancer screening among women of reproductive age . Research design: A quasiexperimental design was used. Settings: The study was conducted at outpatient clinic for gynecological problems at the cancer center in Tanta University Hospital, affiliated to General Secretariat of Specialized Centers. Subjects: A purposive sample of 92 married women, from the previous setting during the period of three months. Tools, two tools were used to collect data.1)A structure interview questionnaire, it was composed of five parts; 2) The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): This index assesses sexual function. Results: shows that there was highly statistically significant improvement was shown posttest compared to the pretest. Regardingthe women knowledge about screening for early investigations by done the Pap smear test, HPV andvaccine related to disease, reveals that the women's total knowledge score about teaching program about cancer cervix throughout pre and posttest program phases. It is evident that a highly statistically significant improvement with P<0.0001. No significant differences were observed in terms of their score of sexual functioning pre the program (P=0.038); however, a significant difference was observed between them post the program (P<0.001). Conclusion: There was highly statistical relationship between total knowledge and barriers in which P=0.001 as women who had poor knowledge more likely to had negative barriers compared to women who had good knowledge more likely to had positive barriers. Recommendations: Increase awareness of community about cervical cancer through efforts by out-patient clinics to promote cervical cancer screening among women, focus on age for first screening and encouraging a belief that regular screening can detect the pre-cancerous stage, further research about awareness of women about stages of disease and its effect on quality of life.
Fish Farms as a source for parasites transport : Parasitological and developmental studies of Prohemistomum vivax with the ameliorating role of Moringa oleifera in the treatment

Fishes are good source of quality protein, but various diseases including parasitic infections pose a threat to fish culture. Catfish, Clarias gariepinus is one of most famous fishes in fish farms that infected with Prohemistomum vivax metaceracriae. Prohemistomum vivax was rarely recorded to infect human and may cause death. This work aimed to study the development to adult worms in vivo, its maturation, recovery rate, time of appearance of the first egg in the stool of infected rats, the percentage of recovered worms and distribution of the parasite within the intestine of the host. In addition to the ameliorating role of Moringa oleifera in the treatment of experimental infected rats with metacercaria of Prohemistomum vivax. The experiments were performed on 70 male albino rats weighing 100 ±10g and of 7-8 week’s age. Encysted metaceracriae were isolated, counted and force feeidng infection was made by a blunt forceps. Rats were infected with 500±50 metaceracriae and only three infected rats were scarified at different internals (1hr, 3hr, 6hr, 12hr, 1 day, 2 day, 3 day and 1 week). After one week of infection; rats were treated with moringa for five days. Our results shows that the encysted metacercariae of Prohemistomum vivax were scattered in between the muscle fibers of the head, trunk and caudal regions of naturally infected catfish. Three days were enough to adult worm development and the 1 eggs were detected in the stool after 3 days. The recovery rate was significantly decreased with the increase of treatment time. Duodenal sections in infected rats with Prohemistomum vivax showed villi were marked epithelial compression and erosion, atrophy, hemorrhage, inflammatory cells infiltration of mucosal stroma, cytoplasmic vacuoltions, congested blood vessels, goblet cell depletion and crypt hyperplasia. No adult worms were appeared in the rat stool before treatment whoever after treatment with moringa, the adult worms were detected in 2 day of treatment and completely disappeared at the 4 days of treatment. [Alghabban AJM. Fish Farms as a source for parasites transport: Parasitological and developmental studies of Prohemistomum vivax with the ameliorating role of Moringa oleifera in the treatment. J Am Sci 2014;10(4):614]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 2
Intra-operative uterine scar condition and fetomaternal outcome in patients of previous lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) with scar tenderness

Background: During past few years, there is increasing trend in trial of labor in cases of previous lower segment caesarian section (LSCS). It needs vigilant approach in identifying signs and symptoms of giving way of previous scar. This study is to see the intra-operative uterine scar condition and feto-maternal outcome in patients of previous LSCS with scar tenderness. Methods: This is a prospective study done in Safdarjung hospital, New Delhi. It includes 120 patients of previous lower segment caesarian section with scar tenderness operated as emergency cases over a period of one year. It excludes elective repeat LSCS. Results: During this period repeat emergency LSCS was done in 862 cases and scar tenderness was seen in 120 cases (13.92 %). Out of 120 cases enrolled for the study intra-operative scar was intact in 69 cases (57.5%). Scar was thinned out in 27 cases (22.5%). Scar dehiscence was found in 21 cases (17.5%). Rupture occurred in 3 cases (2.5%) out of which 2 were Fresh still births. NICU admission was done in 11 cases (9.17%). 1 neonatal death occurred. No maternal death was recorded. Average hospital stay was 6 days. Blood transfusion was needed in 23 cases (19.2%). Conclusions: Scar tenderness is a very important tool for predicting scar integrity. All cases of previous LSCS should have institutional delivery.
Hurtful words: quantifying biases in clinical contextual word embeddings

In this work, we examine the extent to which embeddings may encode marginalized populations differently, and how this may lead to a perpetuation of biases and worsened performance on clinical tasks. We pretrain deep embedding models (BERT) on medical notes from the MIMIC-III hospital dataset, and quantify potential disparities using two approaches. First, we identify dangerous latent relationships that are captured by the contextual word embeddings using a fill-in-the-blank method with text from real clinical notes and a log probability bias score quantification. Second, we evaluate performance gaps across different definitions of fairness on over 50 downstream clinical prediction tasks that include detection of acute and chronic conditions. We find that classifiers trained from BERT representations exhibit statistically significant differences in performance, often favoring the majority group with regards to gender, language, ethnicity, and insurance status. Finally, we explore shortcomings of using adversarial debiasing to obfuscate subgroup information in contextual word embeddings, and recommend best practices for such deep embedding models in clinical settings.