Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neoclassical Political Economy, the State and Economic Development

In this article, I will focus on the role of the state in economic development. Recent research suggests that it needs some re-evaluation. I will begin with a discussion of the crowning achievement of neoclassical economics, namely, the two fundamental theorems of welfare economics to set the stage for an analysis of the role of the state. Then, I will describe and summarize briefly the dominant strands of recent research on this issue and their implications. Drawing on some of my own work with Jagdish Bhagwati and Richard Brecher, I will comment in some detail on the implications of one of these strands for the pure theory of international trade and policy. Finally, I will explore some of the implications of the theory for development policy, in particular, for trade liberalization, and relate them to the experience of India in more than three decades of development planning.
Quinone Pool, a Key Target of Plant Flavonoids Inhibiting Gram-Positive Bacteria

Plant flavonoids have attracted increasing attention as new antimicrobial agents or adjuvants. In our previous work, it was confirmed that the cell membrane is the major site of plant flavonoids acting on the Gram-positive bacteria, which likely involves the inhibition of the respiratory chain. Inspired by the similar structural and antioxidant characters of plant flavonoids to hydro-menaquinone (MKH2), we deduced that the quinone pool is probably a key target of plant flavonoids inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria. To verify this, twelve plant flavonoids with six structural subtypes were preliminarily selected, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Gram-positive bacteria were predicted from the antimicrobial quantitative relationship of plant flavonoids to Gram-positive bacteria. The results showed they have different antimicrobial activities. After their MICs against Staphylococcus aureus were determined using the broth microdilution method, nine compounds with MICs ranging from 2 to 4096 μg/mL or more than 1024 μg/mL were eventually selected, and then their MICs against S. aureus were determined interfered with different concentrations of menaquinone−4 (MK−4) and the MKs extracted from S. aureus. The results showed that the greater the antibacterial activities of plant flavonoids were, the more greatly their antibacterial activities decreased along with the increase in the interfering concentrations of MK−4 (from 2 to 256 μg/mL) and the MK extract (from 4 to 512 μg/mL), while those with the MICs equal to or more than 512 μg/mL decreased a little or remained unchanged. In particular, under the interference of MK−4 (256 μg/mL) and the MK extract (512 μg/mL), the MICs of α-mangostin, a compound with the greatest inhibitory activity to S. aureus out of these twelve plant flavonoids, increased by 16 times and 8 to 16 times, respectively. Based on the above, it was proposed that the quinone pool is a key target of plant flavonoids inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria, and which likely involves multiple mechanisms including some enzyme and non-enzyme inhibitions.
Simultaneous Detection of Energy and Flux for Neutron and Gamma by CLYC Scintillator

A 1-in Cs2LiYCl6:Ce (CLYC) scintillator coupled with Photomultiplier tube (PMT) was used to detect neutrons and gamma rays simultaneously in this work. The pulses were captured by a high-speed digitizer with 1-Gsamples per second and 12-bit vertical resolution and further analyzed in real time to determine the pulse type, energy spectrum, and flux. The response of CLYC scintillators measured with three PMT models, R6231 and XP2020, were found to have better energy resolution, while R580 was found to have better pulse shape discrimination (PSD) performance. The energy resolution was optimized by adjusting the integration time window. Slight differences were found to be within the range of 2000–8000 ns for different PMT models. The fast neutron peaks from 35Cl(n, p)35S reaction were detected along with the thermal neutron peak from 6Li(n, $\alpha)^{3}\text{H}$ , and a quenching factor of 0.9 was obtained for protons. The energy resolution was 14.7% and the detection efficiency was about 0.15% for 1.5-MeV fast neutron. The discrimination performance between neutron and gamma pulses was studied using the charge comparison method. The figure-of-merit (FOM) value was found to be better than 1.90 within the energy range of 0.5–10 MeV, i.e., 2.0 for 1.5-MeV fast neutron and ~3.2 for thermal neutron. The flux of fast neutrons, thermal neutrons, and gamma rays was detected simultaneously, and the prompt gamma rays by neutron activation were also identified. It indicates that the CLYC detector can be used for multimode detection of thermal neutrons, fast neutrons, and gamma rays, and would be a suitable compact candidate for prompt gamma neutron activation (PGNAA) analysis in limited space.
Peroxidase activity as a biochemical marker of insecticide use in vegetables

The insecticides use is important for crop improvement and protection, but in excessive amounts, they would induce a dysfunction of metabolic enzymatic systems in plant tissues, leading to undesirable qualitative changes. In this context, we are interested in peroxidase (POD), an important enzyme in plant physiology but whose activity seems to be conditioned by the presence of insecticides in the soil. This work aims to study the impact of locally used insecticides (chlorpyrifos and dimethoate) on the activity of POD in parsley, onion, celery and garlic grown in soils treated or not. POD extraction was performed using Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.3); its activity was measured using the substrate o-dianisidine in the presence of H2O2. Our result showed that POD activity for insecticide treated parsley, celery and onions increased by 30 % 127 % and 341 % respectively, however did not change significantly for garlic. Thus, the action of these chemicals is not trivial because they may alter non-target pathways, especially when doses are not adjusted accordingly. We found that insecticide stress would increase POD activity in all vegetables except garlic, which showed tolerance to insecticides. Our findings suggest that organic farming conditions could minimize peroxidase activity in parsley, celery and onion. We add that overproduction of POD negatively affects the quality and reduces the shelf life of vegetables, thus would be a very interesting biomarker of insecticide stress.
The Effect of Cinnamon on Glycolipid Metabolism: A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

(1) Background: The effect of cinnamon on the regulation of glycolipid levels in type 2 diabetic patients is still controversial, and there is a lack of research on the dose–response relationship between cinnamon and glycolipid indicators in type 2 diabetic patients. (2) Methods: This dose–response meta-analysis was performed to explore the effect of the cinnamon intervention on glycolipid metabolism. We conducted a comprehensive database search for literature published before November 2022. Nonlinear models were used for dose–response relationship analysis. (3) Results: We identified that a cinnamon intervention was effective in controlling triglyceride (TG) levels (mean difference = −7.31; 95%CI: −12.37, −2.25, p = 0.005) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (mean difference = −6.78; 95%CI: −11.35, −2.22, p = 0.004) in type 2 diabetic patients; however, it also was able to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (mean difference = 1.53; 95%CI: 1.01, 2.05, p < 0.001). However, the cinnamon intervention had no significant effect on the level of fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), or total cholesterol (TC) levels. We found a significant effect of the cinnamon intervention dose on the TG level (p-nonlinearity = 0.016) and LDL-C (p-nonlinearity = 0.019) in the nonlinear dose–response analysis. In the subgroup analysis, we found a hypoglycemic effect with the cinnamon dose ≤1200 mg (mean difference = −11.1, 95%CI: −14.64, −7.58, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: Cinnamon intervention may be beneficial in lowering TG and LDL-C levels while enhancing HDL-C levels, and the dosage of the intervention was an important factor in influencing the TG and LDL-C levels.
Numerical Methods for the Continuation of Invariant Tori

To Amanda and our child iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, the author thanks his advisor for being available for frequent discussions about hyperbolicity, Fréchet derivatives, and other minutiae. Thanks also go to the School of Mathematics at Georgia Tech for supporting the author financially with a teaching assistantship for two years, and to the National Science
Magnetic Resonance Angiographic Evaluation of Anatomic Variations of the Circle of Willis

Correspondence (İletişim): Fethi Emre Ustabaşıoğlu, M.D. Trakya Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi Radyoloji Anabilim Dali, Edirne, Turkey Phone (Telefon): +90 532 570 72 67 E-mail (E-posta): ustabasioglu@hotmail.com Submitted Date (Başvuru Tarihi): 22.05. 2018 Accepted Date (Kabul Tarihi): 05.07. 2018 Copyright 2019 Haydarpaşa Numune Medical Journal OPEN ACCESS This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 292 Ustabaşıoğlu et al., Anatomic Variations of the Circle of Willis / doi: 10.14744/hnhj.2018. 74046 Materials and Methods Selection and Description of Cases Ethics Committee approval was given to our study by Trakya University School of Medicine Ethics Committee. Between January 2014 and February 2018, the images of 580 patients who had undergone cranial magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with the 3D time of flight technique (3D TOF) were examined retrospectively. Thirty-three patients who could not obtain sufficient diagnostic quality images due to intensive motion artefacts were excluded from this study. Variations of the Willis polygons were classified according to the criteria defined in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
Cryptotanshinone alleviates radiation‐induced lung fibrosis via modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism

Cryptotanshinone (CPT), a major biological active ingredient extracted from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), has shown several pharmacological activities. However, the effect of CPT on radiation‐induced lung fibrosis (RILF) is unknown. In this study, we explored the protective effects of CPT on RILF from gut‐lung axis angle, specifically focusing on the bile acid (BA)‐gut microbiota axis. We found that CPT could inhibit the process of epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and suppress inflammation to reduce the deposition of extracellular matrix in lung fibrosis in mice induced by radiation. In addition, 16S rDNA gene sequencing and BAs‐targeted metabolomics analysis demonstrated that CPT could improve the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and BA metabolites in RILF mice. CPT significantly enriched the proportion of the beneficial genera Enterorhabdus and Akkermansia, and depleted that of Erysipelatoclostridium, which were correlated with increased intestinal levels of several farnesoid X receptor (FXR) natural agonists, such as deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, activating the FXR pathway. Taken together, these results suggested that CPT can regulate radiation‐induced disruption of gut microbiota and BAs metabolism of mice, and reduce the radiation‐induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, CPT may be a promising drug candidate for treating RILF.
Identification and Description of Aquatic Oligochaeta in Sanggau City Canal West Kalimantan

The canals in the center of Sanggau City, West Kalimantan serve as a medium for wastewater which enters the Kapuas River. The density of community activities in this city has caused indications of its canals being polluted by organic and inorganic materials. These contaminants enter the canal continuously, hence its accumulation can change the texture of the substrate/sediment which is the habitat for aquatic Oligochaete. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the types of aquatic Oligochaete in the canals of Sanggau City. The research was conducted from August to September 2020 using the purposive sampling method at five stations, namely Tanjung Sekayam Village, Ilir Kota Village, Beringin Village, and Bunut Village, with three replications at each sampling station. The results showed that aquatic Oligochaete at the canals of Sanggau City consisted of 1 order, 1 family, 2 genera, and 3 species with a total of 1367 individuals. The identified species are Branchiura sowerbyi, Limnodrilus claparedeianus, and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri.Keywords: Species Identification, Aquatic Oligochaeta, Sanggau City Canal
Bifurcation Properties of a Quasi-geostrophic, Barotropic, Low-order Model with Topography

Les nouvelles proprietes de bifurcation obtenues sont: bifurcation des solutions independantes du temps, avec rupture de symetrie; apparition de solutions periodiques dues a la bifurcation d'Hopf; bifurcation symetrique type nœud-selle, bifurcation de doublement de periode et chaos intermittent
Environmental data analysis based on the gamma distribution: compliance assessment using tolerance limits and exceedance fractions

The gamma distribution has found extensive applications in the modeling and analysis of environmental data. Furthermore, for groundwater monitoring and environmental monitoring, an upper tolerance limit (i.e., an upper confidence limit for a percentile) can be used for checking compliance and is recommended in some of the standards published by the U.S. EPA. In addition, estimation of the proportion of samples where the measurements exceed a threshold (proportion of non‐compliance, for example), referred to as an exceedance fraction, is of obvious interest. Thus the computation of an accurate upper tolerance limit, and an accurate upper confidence limit for the exceedance fraction, are important. The problems are somewhat challenging since environmental samples are typically not large, and large sample methods cannot be used. In the present investigation, we have succeeded in obtaining accurate solutions to the above problems using a small sample modification of the likelihood based method. The results are also applied for analyzing a data set on vinyl chloride concentrations in ground water monitoring wells.
Spherical accretion in giant elliptical galaxies: multitransonicity, shocks, and implications on AGN feedback

Isolated massive elliptical galaxies, or that are present at the center of cool-core clusters, are believed to be powered by hot gas accretion directly from their surrounding hot X-ray emitting gaseous medium. This leads to a giant Bondi-type spherical/quasispherical accretion flow onto their host SMBHs, with the accretion flow region extending well beyond the Bondi radius. In this work, we present a detailed study of Bondi-type spherical flow in the context of these massive ellipticals by incorporating the effect of entire gravitational potential of the host galaxy in the presence of cosmological constant Λ, considering a five-component galactic system (SMBH + stellar + dark matter + hot gas + Λ). The current work is an extension of Ghosh & Banik (2015), who studied only the cosmological aspect of the problem. The galactic contribution to the potential renders the (adiabatic) spherical flow to becomemulti-transonic in nature, with the flow topology and flow structure significantly deviating from that of classical Bondi solution. More notably, corresponding to moderate to higher values of galactic mass-to-light ratios, we obtain Rankine-Hugoniot shocks in spherical wind flows. Galactic potential enhances the Bondi accretion rate. Our study reveals that there is a strict lower limit of ambient temperature below which no Bondi accretion can be triggered; which is as high as ∼ 9 × 10K for flows from hot ISM-phase, indicating that the hot phase tightly regulates the fueling of host nucleus. Our findings may have wider implications, particularly in the context of outflow/jet dynamics, and radio-AGN feedback, associated with these massive galaxies in the contemporary Universe.
Tax System Reform as a Challenge to Economic Reform: A Case Study of Jordan

Governments care about the tax system and pay attention to it not as a tool for collecting money, but rather as a tool of economic reform, so that taxes achieve their financial, economic and social goals, and then achieve tax justice and protect the poor and middle class. Thus, this study came to investigate the effect of the tax revenue structure in Jordan on economics reform indicators (per individual income growth rate, public debt, openness trade, and inflation) as a challenge to the economic reform. The study population consists of the public sector of the ministries and public sector departments responsible for preparing the general budget and the Jordanian Department of Statistics, with the aim of relying on data issued by them during the time period 1990-2019. Multiple regression models were used to study hypotheses. The research results showed that direct tax (income and profits tax) in Jordan did not significantly affect the economic reform indicators, while there was a negative significant impact at a significance level (á ≤ 0.05) of sales tax on the economic reform indicators. Additionally, the study found that there is no significant effect of indirect taxes (property tax and foreign trade) on economic indicators relative to GDP represented in per individual income growth rate, public debt, and inflation. Among the recommendations of the study is that Jordan must develop the country’s public revenues from its own resources in order to reduce dependence on foreign debt.
Teacher Education in India’s National Education Policy 2020: Knowledge Traditions, Global Discourses and National Regulations

This article engages with the teacher education (TE) reform approach adopted in India’s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. It locates the policy recommendations in the context and challenges of TE in India and makes sense of the NEP’s vision for the domain. It examines the knowledge traditions and global education policy (GEP) discourses that underlie the proposed reforms, and the translation of the core reform ideas in the national regulatory framework for implementation. The first part of the findings identifies the knowledge traditions and influences of GEP inherent in the policy and argues that NEP’s reform approach is an assemblage of fundamentally inconsistent discourses. The second part examines the regulatory norms and standards of the NEP-recommended TE programme to understand what makes it distinct as compared to similar ongoing programmes. Based on the analysis, the article argues that the proposed new programme is a tweaked version of India’s conventional TE approaches.
Large Eddy simulation of the effects of equivalence ratio fluctuations on swirling premixed flame

ABSTRACT Given unsteady operating conditions, the combustion process in gas turbine combustor often suffers from equivalence ratio fluctuations (ERFs), which induce combustion instability. In this study, the effects of ERFs on a swirl-stabilized premixed flame were studied by large eddy simulation (LES). A new combustion model with turbulence modification and a two-step methane oxidation mechanism were employed to simulate the interaction between turbulence and chemical reactions. In this study, LES was first validated by comparing the simulation results with the corresponding experimental data of a baseline case. Furthermore, two types of ERFs with different frequencies (40 and 160 Hz) were set on the inlet surface of the combustor, and flame responses were predicted by LES. With fluctuation frequencies of 40 and 160 Hz, the inner shear layer was strengthened, and evident corresponding vortices were generated. Furthermore, a more conspicuous variation was observed at 40 Hz, and it meant that a stronger combustion instability was induced by ERFs with a lower frequency.
Experiences of Thai-Muslim patients regarding inconsistent antiretroviral therapy adherence: An exploratory descriptive qualitative study

Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has played a crucial role in saving countless lives of patients with HIV/AIDS across the world. However, despite its effectiveness, ART adherence still falls short globally, and non-adherence remains the primary cause of treatment failure. In the rural areas of southern Thailand, where the population is predominantly conservative Muslims, there has been an observed increase in ART non-adherence. Objective This study aimed to explore experiences of inconsistent ART adherence among Thai-Muslim patients with HIV/AIDS (PWHAs) in southern Thailand. In addition, the perspectives of healthcare providers were also sought. Methods Data were collected by conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews with ten Thai-Muslim PWHAs and five healthcare providers at a Voluntary Counseling-and-Testing Clinic. A content analysis approach was utilized to analyze the data. Results Inconsistent ART adherence was reported. Religion/spiritual imperatives, forgetfulness, inadequate knowledge (of drug side effects and drug regime), misunderstandings (about being symptom-free and feeling well), boredom from long-term drug-taking regimes, as well as poor transportation and lack of family support (arising from non-disclosure of one’s HIV-serostatus due to HIV stigma) were emergent themes derived from the interviews with Thai-Muslim PWHAs. The healthcare providers’ interview data revealed their need for the integration of Islamic beliefs to provide better care. Conclusion It is essential for healthcare teams to work collaboratively with patients’ religious beliefs to enhance ART adherence. Clinical nurses can contribute to the promotion of HIV-care services by integrating Islamic beliefs and Muslim culture into their practice, thus increasing patients' knowledge and motivation for ART adherence. This could entail utilizing Islamic prayer rituals as drug reminders, elaborating on Islamic moral beliefs concerning sickness and healing, and integrating the cultural imperatives of self-care in the Muslim community into ongoing care delivery. Cross-cultural nursing education and specialized training in HIV care should incorporate knowledge about Islamic and Muslim cultural beliefs.
Two inherent crossovers of the diffusion process in glass-forming liquids

Maiko Kofu,1,* Antonio Faraone,2,3 Madhusudan Tyagi,2,3 Michihiro Nagao,2,4 and Osamu Yamamuro1,† 1Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan 2NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, USA 3Department of Materials Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA 4Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408-1398, USA