Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The tradeoffs between safety and alert fatigue: Data from a national evaluation of hospital medication-related clinical decision support

OBJECTIVE The study sought to evaluate the overall performance of hospitals that used the Computerized Physician Order Entry Evaluation Tool in both 2017 and 2018, along with their performance against fatal orders and nuisance orders. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 1599 hospitals that took the test in both 2017 and 2018 by using their overall percentage scores on the test, along with the percentage of fatal orders appropriately alerted on, and the percentage of nuisance orders incorrectly alerted on. RESULTS Hospitals showed overall improvement; the mean score in 2017 was 58.1%, and this increased to 66.2% in 2018. Fatal order performance improved slightly from 78.8% to 83.0% (P < .001), though there was almost no change in nuisance order performance (89.0% to 89.7%; P = .43). Hospitals alerting on one or more nuisance orders had a 3-percentage-point increase in their overall score. DISCUSSION Despite the improvement of overall scores in 2017 and 2018, there was little improvement in fatal order performance, suggesting that hospitals are not targeting the deadliest orders first. Nuisance order performance showed almost no improvement, and some hospitals may be achieving higher scores by overalerting, suggesting that the thresholds for which alerts are fired from are too low. CONCLUSIONS Although hospitals improved overall from 2017 to 2018, there is still important room for improvement for both fatal and nuisance orders. Hospitals that incorrectly alerted on one or more nuisance orders had slightly higher overall performance, suggesting that some hospitals may be achieving higher scores at the cost of overalerting, which has the potential to cause clinician burnout and even worsen safety.
Thermal tolerance of two seagrass species at contrasting light levels: Implications for future distribution in the Great Barrier Reef

This study assessed metabolism, growth, and survival of two seagrass species at three different seawater temperatures (27°C, 30°C, and 33°C) under saturating (400 µmol photons m‐2 s‐1) and limiting (40 µmol photons m‐2 s‐1) light over 1 month. Halodule uninervis grown at 33°C was within its physiological optimum temperature range, exhibiting 2.3× higher photosynthetic rates than at 27°C, and increased net shoot carbon (C) production (up to 10× higher) at saturating light levels. In contrast, 33°C exceeded the optimum temperature threshold for Zostera muelleri, resulting in critical metabolic imbalances with large reductions in photosynthesis and increases in leaf respiration. This led to substantially lower growth rates (0‐2% of those at 27°C) and lower final biomass (only 10% of that at 27°C) in the 33°C treatment after 1 month. This decline at higher temperatures occurred at both light levels, but it was more severe in limiting light, where the C balance went into deficit. H. uninervis in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) exists well within its optimal temperature range and should continue to thrive at projected future temperatures, at least under saturating light levels. In contrast, Z. muelleri currently exists near its upper thermal threshold, and future temperature increases of the magnitude investigated here would likely lead to the contraction of the range of this species from the northern GBR ‐ potentially by more than 1000 km. This could have ecologically significant ramifications, because Z. muelleri is often the only GBR species that currently inhabits muddy estuarine areas, which are critical fisheries habitats.
Effectiveness of a Stream-Restoration Effort Using Natural Material Instream Structures

Abstract The substrata of fluvial systems can be altered by human disturbance in watersheds. This disturbance often results in a reduction of habitat diversity and subsequent reductions in species diversity. Restoration efforts in impacted areas require a thorough understanding of the characteristics of exemplary stream habitat in the region as well as habitat requirements of taxa targeted by specific restoration efforts. The Little Coal River, WV, has historically been disturbed by various land-use practices resulting in near homogeneity of the riverbed substratum such that it is composed almost everywhere primarily of fine-particle or sand-substrate classes. Restoration of an 8-km section of the Little Coal River was attempted with the installation of a series of natural material instream-structures. We monitored the riverbed substratum, including sediment size-class data, prior to and after installation of these structures for a 2-year period to evaluate their effectiveness in restoring overall habitat heterogeneity. Our GIS analysis of the data suggested that approximately 80% of the riverbed substratum was composed of fine-particle or sand substrate classes prior to the natural material structure addition. After 2 years, these 2 substrate classes had decreased by nearly 25%, suggesting that restoration efforts reduced the overall percent composition of fine-particle and sand-substrate classes and increased overall habitat heterogeneity. Our analysis of these data indicate that the natural material instream structures installed in the Little Coal River achieved the objective of promoting downstream movement of some fineparticle and sand substrate that characterized the system (i.e., via sediment transport) and increased substratum heterogeneity.
First confirmed record of the blunthead puffer, Sphoeroides pachygaster (Osteichthyes: Tetraodontidae) off the Algerian coast (south-western Mediterranean)

A blunthead puffer Sphoeroides pachygaster (Muller & Troschel, 1848) was recorded for the first time in the Algerian waters, off the eastern region close to the Tunisian border. The specimen was an adult male; it measured 330 mm in total length and weighed 650 g.
Physical Characteristics of Estrual Cervical Mucus and conception rate in Repeat Breeder Kankrej Cattle

Total of 40 and 20 estrous cervical mucus samples were collected from 20 repeat breeder and 10 normal breeder Kankrej cows, respectively and were examined for color (clear or cloudy), consistency (thin or thick), fern pattern (typical, atypical or nil,), pH and spinnbarkeit. These cows were bred and pregnancy diagnosis was performed at 60 days post breeding. The present observation indicated that cows with thin and clear discharge, alkaline pH and spinnbarkeit >15 cm, showing typical fern pattern were normal breeder, whereas, cloudy, thick, acidic cervical mucus with atypical fern pattern and spinnbarkeit ranging from 7 to 9 cm were repeat breeder cows.
An oxygen‐mediated positive feedback between elevated carbon dioxide and soil organic matter decomposition in a simulated anaerobic wetland

We examined the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil carbon decomposition in an experimental anaerobic wetland system. Pots containing either bare C4‐derived soil or the C3 sedge Scirpus olneyi planted in C4‐derived soil were incubated in greenhouse chambers at either ambient or twice‐ambient atmospheric CO2. We measured CO2 flux from each pot, quantified soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization using δ13C, and determined root and shoot biomass. SOM mineralization increased in response to elevated CO2 by 83–218% (P<0.0001). In addition, soil redox potential was significantly and positively correlated with root biomass (P= 0.003). Our results (1) show that there is a positive feedback between elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations and wetland SOM decomposition and (2) suggest that this process is mediated by the release of oxygen from the roots of wetland plants. Because this feedback may occur in any wetland system, including peatlands, these results suggest a limitation on the size of the carbon sink presented by anaerobic wetland soils in a future elevated‐CO2 atmosphere.
A generalized vernalization response function for lily (Lilium spp.) Uma função geral de resposta à vernalização em lírio (Lilium spp.)

Vernalization is a process required by certain plant species, including lily (Lilium spp.), to enter the reproductive stage, through an exposure to low, non-freezing temperatures. A literature search yielded no previous attempt to model the vernalization response in lily. The objective of this study was to develop a generalized nonlinear vernalization response function for lily. The nonlinear vernalization function has coefficients with biological meaning derived from another species (Triticum aestivum L.). Data of time from bulb planting to flowering at different effective vernalization days (VD) treatments in 10 lily genotypes, which are from published research, were used as independent data for evaluating the nonlinear vernalization function. These data sets represent a wide range of lily genotypes with different vernalization responses. The generalized nonlinear vernalization function described well the lily developmental response to VD, with a root mean square error of 0.089. It is concluded that the vernalization response in lily can be described by a vernalization function that is independent of genotype. The implication of this conclusion is that most of the genetic variation of the vernalization response encountered among genotypes can be accounted for by using a single function, thus, reducing the input data set necessary in crop simulation models.
Effect of weed control treatments and hill-spacing on soybean and associated weeds

Two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of Assiut University, during the 2000 and 2001 summer seasons, to study the effect of three hill spacings (5, 10 and 15 cm) and six weed control treatments on the associated weeds, plant growth, yield and quality of soybean. The weed control treatments were carried out with trifluralin, linuron, pendimethalin, bentazon and hand hoeing, with an unweeded treatment as the control. All the weed control treatments exerted a significant influence on the dry weight of weeds. Hand hoeing and pendimethalin treatment significantly decreased the dry weight of dicot and monocot weeds as compared to the unweeded treatment. Hand hoeing gave the lowest value of the dry weight of total weeds and the highest efficiency percentage. In general, the significantly lowest dry weight of total weeds was recorded for densely sown soybeans. The weed control treatments exerted a significant influence on all the characters under study (plant height, weight of pods and s.
SPECIES STATUS OF A RICE YELLOW STEM BORER, SCIRPOPHAGA INCERTULAS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) BASED ON CO I GENE SEQUENCES

Study on species status of a rice yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was conducted. The objectives of the study were to explorethe genetic variation among populations of S. incertulas in Java and to clarify itsspecies status based on CO I gene sequences. The results showed that from the entire680-bp region of sequences from10 population in Java, 99 % were constant. The averageof estimated sequence divergences in the comparisons among populations withinS.incertulas was very low about 0.01%. The base composition was slightly A+T biased(C:0.15) with G+C contents was 37.09%. The result of phylogenetic analysis showedthat S.incertulas is a single species with S.innotata as its sister group. The differenceson the body-size, black spot at femaleâ€™s forewing, forewing length within S.incertulasare solely natural variation.
GROWTH OF THE THYROID GLAND OF RANA PIPIENS IN RELATION TO METAMORPHOSIS

A quantitative study of the growth of the thyroid gland in relation to metamorphosis reveals the following facts:1. The number of cells as counted in serial section shows an enormous increase during this process. The major part of the increase occurs between the time the hind legs start active growth and the beginning of the resorption of the tail.2. The colloid volume behaves in a similar manner, at no time showing a sudden decrease.3. Calculations of the ratio of cell number (or colloid volume) to the cube of the body length show that the number of cells (or colloid volume) per unit tissue rises but little before the beginning of the active growth of the hind legs. From then until the beginning of tail resorption its value more than triples. After metamorphosis has been completed, this ratio is reduced by about two thirds.4. The ratio of the cell count to the colloid volume is found to increase four or five times from the half-grown tadpoles to the time of tail resorption. After this it tends to be cons.
Research review. Components of leaf dry mass per area – thickness and density – alter leaf photosynthetic capacity in reverse directions in woody plants

The relationships of foliage assimilation capacity per unit area (PPmax) with leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) and nitrogen content per unit area (NP) differ between species and within species grown in different habitats. To gain a more mechanistic insight into the dependencies of PPmax on LMA and NP, this literature study based on 597 species from a wide range of earth biomes with woody vegetation examines the relations between leaf photosynthetic capacity and the components of LMA (leaf density (D, dry mass per volume) and thickness (T)), and also the correlations of D and T with leaf nitrogen content and fractional leaf volumes in different tissues. Across all species, PPmax varied 12-fold and photosynthetic capacity per unit dry mass (Pmmax) 16-fold, NP 12-fold, and nitrogen per unit dry mass (Nm) 13-fold, LMA 46-fold, D 13-fold, and T 35-fold, indicating that foliar morphology was more plastic than foliar chemistry and assimilation rates. Although there were strong positive correlations between PPmax and NP, and between Pmmax and Nm, leaf structure was a more important determinant of leaf assimilation capacities. PPmax increased with increasing LMA and T, but was independent of D. By contrast, Pmmax scaled negatively with LMA because of a negative correlation between Pmmax and D, and was poorly related to T. Analysis of leaf nitrogen and tissue composition data indicated that the negative relationship between D and Pmmax resulted from negative correlations between D and Nm, D and volumetric fraction of leaf internal air space, and D and symplasmic leaf fraction. Thus, increases in leaf density bring about (1) decreases in assimilative leaf compounds, and (2) extensive modifications in leaf anatomy that may result in increases in intercellular transfer resistance to CO2. Collectively, (1) and (2) lead to decreased Pmmax, and also modify PPmax versus LMA relationships.
FACTORS AFFECTING KID SURVIVAL IN FIVE GOAT BREEDS

Data on 7757 kid's records (2424 Alpine, 1417 Granadina, 2225 Nubian, 1043 Saanen and 648 Toggenburg) were used to study the effect of the breed, sex, litter size, birth weight, dam age, year of birth and birth period (October–January, February, March, April–July) on kid survival rates from 0–15, 16–90 and 91–210 days of age. Survival of kids was in general highest in Granadina and lowest in Toggenburg, while values in the other breeds, tended to be intermediate. Survival in males was lower than in female kids 0–15 and 16–90 d of age (P < 0.001). Kids weighing more than 3 kg at birth had higher survival than those weighing 2 kg or less (P < 0.01). Year and period of birth (P < 0.001) affected all survival rates, and kids born from October to January always showed a higher survival rate than those born from April to July. Breed with birth period, age of dam and birth weight interactions (P < 0.05) indicated a greater sensitivity of Alpines, Saanen and Toggenburg to the above factors. Key words: Goat kids, .
Reproductive biology of the green tiger prawn (Penaeus semisulcatus) in coastal waters of Bushehr, Persian Gulf

The reproductive cycle of the green tiger prawn (Penaeus semisulcatus) was investigated in the coastal waters of Bushehr, Iran, Persian Gulf, from January 2003 to March 2004, with the aim of determining spawning seasons, durations, and locations in those waters. Bushehr waters are one of the main fishing grounds for P. semisulcatus in the Persian Gulf. Spawning peaks between December and March, but there is also some spawning in October. The minimum size at maturity was 24 mm carapace length (CL), and 50% were mature at 40 mm CL. The proportion of females that mated increased sharply above this size (40 mm), with 90% of females sexually mature at 54 mm CL. Spawning took place in a limited part of the study area, mostly offshore. Overexploiting the spawning stock could result in reduced reproductive output, limiting fishery production.
THE FESTUCA-AGROSTIS GRASSLAND COMPLEX IN SOUTH-EAST SCOTLAND

When classifying plant communities it is necessary to have some knowledge of the range and nature of the floristic variation and, in particular, whether variation is continuous or discrete. Continuous variation does not lend itself to the arrangement of communities in discrete classes and the extent to which discontinuities occur and their nature may be of importance in providing a basis for classification. Alternatively, a system of ordination may be more appropriate in which multidirectional floristic variation is expressed in terms of a unior multi-dimensional model (Bray & Curtis 1957). Ordination, of course, is possible no matter what form variation may take and as a means of mapping the floristic variation can be used to show where natural discontinuities exist. This procedure seemed likely to provide a useful basis for a classification of the Festuca/Agrostis grasslands and
Efecto de los aceites y semillas en dietas para rumiantes sobre el perfil de ácidos grasos de la leche. Revisión Effect of oils and seeds in ruminant diets on milk fat fatty acid profile. Review

This paper reviews the effect of plant lipids added to dairy ruminant diets on milk fat fatty acid profile. Changes in milk fatty acid profile when oils and oilseeds are added to the diet are broadly similar in cows, ewes and goats. Some of the observed effects are common to all oils and oilseeds whatever the quantitatively main fatty acid (i.e. oleic or linoleic or -linolenic acids) they supply to the diet: butyric acid content does not usually change, medium chain saturated fatty acid content is lowered and unsaturated fatty acid content increases. Oils and oilseeds rich in linoleic acid raise the content of vaccenic, rumenic and trans10-18:1 and increase the n-6 to n-3 ratio in milk fat. Adding linseed oil or linseeds to the diet also increases vaccenic and rumenic acid contents, but does not affect that of trans10-18:1 in milk fat and lower its n-6 to n-3 ratio. As a conclusion, including oils and oilseeds into dairy ruminant diets widely modifies milk fat fatty acid profile. Best results from human health point of view are obtained adding linseed oil or linseeds to the diet.
Effect of fish emulsion used as a preplanting soil amendment on verticillium wilt, scab, and tuber yield of potato

Fish emulsion is used mainly as a fertilizer for crop production but, in a previous study, we have demonstrated its efficacy in suppressing damping-off [Rhizoctonia and Pythium spp. ] in radish and cucumber in a peat-based substrate or soil. In the present study, fish emulsion was tested as a preplanting soil amendment to control soilborne diseases of eggplant and potato such as verticillium wilt [Verticillium dahliae and Verticillium albo-atrum] and scab [Streptomyces spp. ]. Tests were conducted on 11 soils with different characteristics (pH, 5.2–7.2; organic-matter content, 1.0%–3.7%), originating from commercial potato fields in Ontario, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island with a history of verticillium wilt and scab. The amendment of soil with fish emulsion at rates of 0.5% and 1% (m/m) protected eggplant from verticillium wilt, and the 1% fish-emulsion treatment increased fresh and dry plant biomasses in the greenhouse. Microplot experiments with potato showed that the 1% fish-emulsion treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced scab severity (by 0.6–2.1 units on a scale of 0–6) in seven soils with low to moderate scab-disease pressure and significantly increased total tuber yield (by 41%–170%) in nine soils, compared with the control treatments. Fish emulsion also reduced potato petiole infection by V. dahliae in one soil. In potato field trials at two sites in 2004, treatment with 1% fish emulsion (20 000 L/ha) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced scab severity (by 0.8–1 units) and significantly increased scab-free tubers (by 132%–366%) and marketable-tuber (surface scab < 5%) yield (by two fold), compared with the control treatments. Total tuber yield was reduced at one site and not affected at the other. No effect of fish emulsion on scab and verticillium wilt or tuber yield was observed in a 2005 field trial. The reduction of scab or verticillium wilt by fish emulsion was not soil-specific and varied from year to year. The results indicated that fish emulsion was not effective in soils with high disease pressure.
Introduction to Ecosystem Modeling in Cobscook Bay, Maine: A Boreal, Macrotidal Estuary

Abstract Cobscook Bay, at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, exhibits extraordinary natural productivity and ecological richness that has been recognized for millennia. The co-existence of so many remarkable ecological attributes is of both practical and scientific interest and has intrigued researchers for over a century. Nevertheless, the question of why this high productivity and species richness should co-occur in this mid-latitude Bay has not been addressed on an ecosystem level. A grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation through The Nature Conservancy allowed an interdisciplinary, multi-institutional team of marine scientists to investigate the physical, chemical, geological, and biological dynamics of the Bay in an integrated ecosystem context. This special issue of the Northeastern Naturalist presents the results of original field research on the physical forcing functions at work in the Bay and the contributions of the principal primary producers. This knowledge is combined with historical information into an energy systems model and emergy analysis that describes the flows of materials and energy through the system and allows comparisons with other estuarine systems.
Patterns of Floral Nectar Production of Onion (Allium cepa L.) and the Effects of Environmental Conditions

Successful pollination of onion (Allium cepa L.) fl owers greatly depends on adequate nectar production. In order to understand the nectar production dynamics of onion fl owers, nectar was collected at regular intervals during a 24-hour period. Hourly nectar volumes were compared to a variety of environmental conditions, including amount of solar radiation, relative humidity, temperature, wind speed, and evapotranspiration. Production patterns showed mid- to late-morning peaks and late evening peaks in nectar volume. Nectar appeared to be reabsorbed by the fl owers during the afternoon and overnight hours. Individual fl owers produced the highest amount of nectar several days after initially opening. Nectar production was signifi cantly and inversely related to relative humidity while the effects of tem- perature, evapotranspiration, wind speed and solar radiation on nectar production were not signifi cant in this study. Pollination is necessary for propagation of hybrid onion seed. Successful seed production depends on honey bees for cross- pollination of male and female genetic lines. Seed production is inconsistent and may fail due to lack of pollination (Shaw and Bourne, 1936). Honeybees appear to have distaste for fl owers of certain varieties of onions and avoid visits to them. It has been found that the onion fl owers which bees consistently avoid produce little or no nectar while those fl owers that do attract