Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reply to “Comments on ‘An Evaluation of Hurricane Superintensity in Axisymmetric Numerical Models’”

We concur with Makarieva et al. that in our earlier work on the hurricane differential Carnot cycle, we neglected the work done in lifting water and the dissipation of kinetic energy in the outflow (we explicitly acknowledged neglecting these terms). Here, we relax those assumptions, affirm the conclusion of Makarieva et al. that the water lifting term is small, and show that the effect of outflow dissipation is negligible. We remind readers that the differential Carnot theory is not a closed theory for potential intensity as it does not specify the outflow temperature or the boundary layer moist enthalpy at the radius of maximum winds. The addition of enthalpy to the inflow can raise the boundary layer enthalpy, reducing subsequent surface fluxes, regardless of whether that addition comes from surface fluxes themselves or from dissipative heating. We show that while this may indeed reduce the effect of dissipative heating, it does not eliminate it. We disagree with Makarieva et al.’s assertions that dissipative heating does not increase potential intensity and that only latent heat fluxes can drive tropical cyclones when dissipative heating is included.
Temporal variation in diet and helminth abundance in the spiny-tailed lizard, Strobilurus torquatus Wiegmann, 1834 (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Spatial and temporal variations can influence the abundance and biology of parasite species and even the transmission process, as well as the diet, reproduction and distribution of hosts. We studied the influence of seasonality on the diet and endoparasites of the lizard Strobilurus torquatus. The lizards were collected during a period of one year, in the Engenho Gargaú Private Reserve of Natural Heritage, located in the municipality of Santa Rita, in the state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. Thirty-three lizards were analysed, of which 30 were parasitised (overall prevalence of 90%) with the helminths Physaloptera lutzi (prevalence of 69.6%), Spauligodon loboi (51.5%), Strongyluris oscari (15.1%) and Haplometroides odhneri (3.0%). Our analysis showed that endoparasite abundance was influenced by host body size (R2m: 0.95; R2c: 0.95; Z-value: 11.521; P < 0.0001). Host sex also influenced endoparasite abundance, where males were parasitised more than females (Z-value: 6.260; P < 0.001). When comparing the two seasons (dry and rainy), we observed that the greatest endoparasites abundance occurred during the rainy season (Z- value: -2.422; P < 0.05). Regarding the lizards’ diet, we observed a high niche overlap (overlap index of 0.999), which indicates that males and females of S. torquatus consumed practically the same prey during the analysed period. The life cycle of the endoparasites found in S. torquatus was linked to seasonal variation, and the behavioural and physiological differences between sexes may have influenced the variations in endoparasite abundance.
Onshore/Offshore Sediment Transport and Morphological Modelling of Coastal Profiles

This paper presents a deterministic model for the morphological evolution of a coastal profile for direct incoming waves. The model contains description of waves across the coastal zone, current profiles, sediment transport and the corresponding morphological evolution. A discussion is given of the sensitivity of the model to a number of parameters and phenomena: Wave transformation after breaking, currents driven by density differences on a sloping bed, onshore transport in the non-broken waves, irregularity of waves, tidal variation.
Concentrations and bioavailability of potentially toxic elements in soils of an industrialised area of Northwestern Greece.

Thirty eight surface soil samples from the PtolemaisKozani basin, northwestern Greece were collected and analysed for their content in twenty three elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ti, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, V, Y and Zn) by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. The concentrations of these elements were compared with three international guidelines and the results indicated that Cr and Ni are found enriched in the surface soils of the study area, mainly as a consequence of natural processes, namely the weathering of surrounding rocks such as ophiolites. Moreover, the bioavailability of some of these elements was tested and results indicate that they do not pose an immediate threat to the environment as it all demonstrated values below 1%.
Singularity-Free Fixed-Time Neuro-Adaptive Control for Robot Manipulators in the Presence of Input Saturation and External Disturbances

This article proposes a singularity-free fixed-time neuro-adaptive control strategy for robot manipulators, with the goal of addressing trajectory-tracking challenges presented by model uncertainties, external disturbances, and input saturation. To mitigate the impact of input saturation, an auxiliary system is introduced. Combining the backstepping technique, a fixed-time neuro-adaptive controller is designed to ensure that tracking errors converge within a small region around the origin within a fixed time, with the upper bound of convergence time being independent of initial conditions. Notably, the direct avoidance of singularity is achieved by constructing quadratic-fraction functions in both the virtual controller and the actual controller, eliminating the need for filters or piecewise continuous functions. This simplifies and streamlines the stability analysis process. To validate the effectiveness of this strategy, numerical simulations are conducted.
Science Learning by Utilizing Natural Resources at Kak Seto’s Homeschooling

The purpose of this study is to describe the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the use of natural resources in learning science at Kak Seto's homeschool. This study used a descriptive qualitative research method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation related to natural resources and natural science learning at Kak Seto's homeschooling. The data analysis technique used is the triangulation technique, namely by reducing data, presenting data, and verifying or concluding. The results of the study found that in the planning aspect, the teacher checks and recapitulates the lesson plans once a month, and in the implementation aspect, the teacher conducts learning using contextual learning methods by utilizing natural resources in the form of wind in the windmill material. In the evaluation aspect, the teacher evaluates using LKS and communication books.
NEW SNAKES AND LIZARDS FROM THE EOCENE OF CALIFORNIA

NO Eocene snakes or lizards have heretofore been found in North America west of the Rocky Mountains. Two new lizards and one new snake are herein described from Eocene deposits in California: a varanid lizard, Saniwa brooksi, n. sp. , from the Poway conglomerate of San Diego County; an anguid lizard, Peltosaurus macrodon, n. sp. , and a large boa, Boavus affinis, n. sp. , from the Eocene portion of the Sespe formation in Ventura County, California.
Can Personal Identity Protect against Problematic Gaming? A Study on the Relationships between Identity Motives, User–Avatar Bond, and Problematic Gaming in a Sample of MMORPG Players

ABSTRACT A positive relationship between user–avatar bond (UAB; i.e., avatar identification and avatar idealization) and problematic gaming (PG) has been well established among Massive Multiplayer Role-Playing Games (MMORPG) players. However, no study has examined how players’ personal identity relates both to UAB and PG. Based on the Motivated Identity Construction Theory, the current study examined the relationships between actual levels of identity motives (self-efficacy, continuity, uniqueness, self-esteem, and belonging), UAB, and PG in a sample of 675 MMORPG players. Results showed that perceiving oneself as the same person over time (continuity) and feeling included and accepted (belonging) directly protect MMORPG players from PG, while perceiving oneself as highly unique (uniqueness) and having low confidence in one’s own capacity to reach specific goals (self-efficacy) are indirect risk factors for PG as they strengthen UAB. The reasons explaining these links will be discussed.
Prevalencia y factores asociados a conducta suicida en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima-Perú

Introducción. La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha señalado el incremento de riesgo suicida en personas de 15 a 44 años, grupo etario en el que se ubican los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo. Determinar prevalencias de conducta suicida y variables asociadas en estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima-Perú. Métodos. Estudio analítico, transversal. La población objetivo fue de 24 118 estudiantes matriculados en 2015. Se aplicaron los instrumentos de conducta suicida de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental en el Perú 2002 y 2012, las escalas de ansiedad y depresión de Zung y el cuestionario CAGE para problemas de alcohol, a una muestra de 1819 estudiantes obtenida mediante muestreo bietápico. Se estimaron prevalencias y se empleó regresión logística para determinar factores asociados. Resultados. Las prevalencias de vida, último año, últimos seis meses y último mes de los componentes de la conducta suicida fueron: deseos de morir (35%; 13,9%; 11% y 5,6%); ideación suicida (22,4%; 8,2%; 6% y 3,3%); plan suicida (17,7%; 4,4%; 3,5% y 1,6%); e intento suicida (11,1%; 3,7%; 2,8% y 1,4%). Los factores de riesgo en términos de odds ratio (OR) ajustados y sus IC 95% fueron: condición de mujer 1,48 (IC 95%: 1,03-2,12), depresión 2,46 (IC 95%: 1,49-4,06), angustia 2,5 (IC 95%: 1,38-4,6), y vivir en hogar no nuclear 2,51 (IC 95%: 1,70-3,72). De los estudiantes que intentaron suicidarse sólo 16% buscó ayuda profesional y 21% pensó repetir el intento. Conclusiones. Los estudiantes de la UNMSM tienen mayor riesgo de conducta suicida que los de la población en general, tanto por razones científicas como por responsabilidad moral se recomienda implementar estrategias de intervención para revertir esta tendencia y proteger a este valioso recurso humano.
Chemical Composition, Olfactory Evaluation and Antioxidant Effects of an Essential Oil of Origanum Vulgare L. from Bosnia

The chemical composition of an essential oil of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) from Bosnia was analyzed by GC/FID and GC-MS. In total, 33 constituents were identified and carvacrol (66.2%), p-cymene (9.1%), γ-terpinene (7.3%) and β-caryophyllene (4.1%) were found to be the main compounds. In addition, olfactory evaluation data of the sample and correlations with the odor attributes of the single components are presented to explain the complex aroma impression of this essential oil. The oil possessed antiradical activity with respect to DPPH radicals, exceeding that of its major phenolic component, carvacrol. The oil also revealed scavenging potential with respect to hydroxyl radicals (OH•), which was superior to that towards the DPPH radical; the respective concentrations needed for 50% inhibition (IC50) were 53.8 μg/mL for DPPH and 0.31 μg/mL for OH•. The superoxide scavenging activity of oregano oil was 82.7% at 50 μg/mL. The oil also demonstrated antioxidant activity in a linoleic acid emulsion model system; at 0.05% concentration it inhibited conjugated dienes formation by 69.0% and the generation of secondary oxidized products from linoleic acid by 73.1 %.
The Role and Strategy of Islamic Religious Education in Preventing the Spread of Caliphate Ideology (Case Study in SMAN 1 Wonosobo)

This study intends to raise two main issues, namely about the role and learning strategies of Islamic Religious Education in preventing the spread of caliphate ideology in SMA Negeri 1 Wonosobo. Using a qualitative-descriptive method, the researcher collected data through observation and interviews. This study yielded findings: In preventing the spread of the caliphate in SMA Negeri 1 Wonosobo, Islamic education learning has a significant and strategic role. Because through PAI, learning Islamic understanding and values can be instilled. Even so, the role of PAI learning cannot be separated from the role of the PAI teacher himself. The PAI learning strategy for preventing Khilafah in SMA Negeri 1 Wonosobo has been carried out through planned steps and has become part of the curriculum. The strategy is carried out through learning in and outside the classroom. Although there is no specific material on the caliphate, the teacher considers that preventing the spread of the caliphate is part of the hidden curriculum. PAI learning outside the classroom in preventing the spread of the ideology of the caliphate is carried out through several activities, namely: Formation of an Islamic Study Group, publication of the Al-Hikmah Journal, Commemoration of the Isra' Mi'raj, Commemoration of the Prophet Muhammad's Birthday, Friday sermon pulpit, Hari Raya Ceremony Santri, Seminar on religious moderation.
Compliance and rehabilitation effects of Zheng’s supine rehabilitation exercise performed at home among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective study

Background Zheng’s supine rehabilitation exercise (ZSRE) can be performed by elderly patients with the acute exacerbation of severe or extremely severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with high safety and compliance and was helpful for their recovery. Investigation is warranted of the compliance and rehabilitation effects of ZSRE performed at home in patients with COPD. Methods We performed telephone interviews with 157 patients with COPD who were hospitalized on the 26th floor of the National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease and who received COPD education and ZSRE training from 1 September 2015 to 31 August 2016. We retrospectively analyzed the patients’ compliance with performing ZSRE at home after discharge and the frequency of hospitalization for treatment of acute exacerbation in both the previous and subsequent years. Results Among the 157 patients, 66 failed to complete home ZSRE after discharge (non-rehabilitation group), 41 performed home ZSRE once a day after discharge (one-session rehabilitation group), and 50 performed home ZSRE at least twice a day after discharge (multiple-session rehabilitation group). The home ZSRE compliance rate was 57.96% (91/157). There were no significant differences in the mean number of hospitalizations in the year prior to receiving COPD education and ZSRE training among the non-rehabilitation group (1.06±0.75), one-session rehabilitation group (1.27±0.78), and multiple-session rehabilitation group (1.16±0.91). However, there was a significant difference in the mean number of hospitalizations among the groups in the year following discharge (1.44±1.17, 0.78±0.82, and 0.66±0.75, respectively). The number of hospitalizations significantly increased in the non-rehabilitation group and significantly decreased in the one- and multiple-session rehabilitation groups. Conclusions Home ZSRE can be performed with high compliance by elderly patients with severe or extremely severe COPD and can reduce the number of readmissions.
POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TOURISM IN PENATIH VILLAGE

The development of tourism in Bali has a real effect on economy in Bali. Development and promotion of tourism that has been done should be capable to be sustained and maintained in the future. Tourism sustainability discourse must involve the commitment from all parties to maintain the sustainability of the natural, social, economic and cultural community as the basic capital of tourism. Tourism Department of Denpasar city is trying to develop the alternative tourism for reducing the negative effects of mass tourism and empowering rural communities through the development of rural tourism. One of the villages targeted is Penatih village which is a village that has the potential resources to be developed into a rural tourism with traditional culture (art), social order, Subak and other. The approach used in this research was qualitative descriptive. The data were collected through interview, observation, documentation and conduct Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Then the data were analyzed by using SWOT analysis. From the result of study, there were found some potential that can be developed and packaged in rural tourism. And also this research provides the strategies to develop this village to be a rural tourism
Estimates of Surface Wind Stress and Drag Coefficients in Typhoon Megi

AbstractEstimates of drag coefficients beneath Typhoon Megi (2010) are calculated from roughly hourly velocity profiles of three EM-APEX floats, air launched ahead of the storm, and from air-deployed dropsondes measurements and microwave estimates of the 10-m wind field. The profiles are corrected to minimize contributions from tides and low-frequency motions and thus isolate the current induced by Typhoon Megi. Surface wind stress is computed from the linear momentum budget in the upper 150 m. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the oceanic response to Typhoon Megi indicate that with small corrections, the linear momentum budget is accurate to 15% before the passage of the eye but cannot be applied reliably thereafter. Monte Carlo error estimates indicate that stress estimates can be made for wind speeds greater than 25 m s−1; the error decreases with greater wind speeds. Downwind and crosswind drag coefficients are computed from the computed stress and the mapped wind data. Downwind drag coeffici.
Effects of nutrients antagonism and synergism on fertilizer use efficiency

Soil-borne pathogens cause major crop losses in global agriculture, adding up to billions of dollars of lost productivity each year. Alternative strategies applying nanotechnology in agriculture have focused on smart delivery systems and nanosensors to increase efficiency. However, low micronutrient availability in the soil and poor in planta translocation can limit the utility of amendment strategies. The current report addresses a potential strategy that has not been adequately explored: the use of nanoscale amendments (metal, metal oxide, carbon) to suppress crop disease and subsequently enhance growth and yield. The current regulatory perspective for such applications is also discussed.
Report from surveys to assess hooded and harp seal pup production in the greenland sea pack-ice in March - April 2007

In the period 14 March to 3 April 2007 aerial surveys were performed in the Greenland Sea pack-ice (the West Ice), to assess the pup production of the Greenland Sea populations of hooded (Cystophora cristata) and harp (Pagophilus groenlandicus) seals. Two fixed-wing twin-engined aircrafts, stationed in Constable Pynt (East-Greenland), Akureyri (Iceland), and the Jan Mayen island, were used for reconaissance flights and photographic surveys along transects over the whelping areas. A helicopter, operated from the applied expedition vessel (M/V”Nordsyssel”) also flew reconnaissance flights, and was subsequently used for other purposes, such as monitoring the distribution of seal patches and age-stageing of the pups.
Intra- and inter-drainage variation in population structure, body condition, shape morphology and sexual dimorphism in Mauremys leprosa saharica from southern Morocco

The Mediterranean pond turtle Mauremys leprosa is widely distributed in Morocco. Significant variations could be observed in this species due to the fact that it occupies a vast and environmentally diverse area. Thus, the analysis of population parameters is crucial in elucidating the differences between populations. Differences between individuals may be linked to environmental factors, including many habitat characteristics. In the present study, variation in population structure, body condition, morphology and sexual dimorphism, were examined for the Sahara Desert blue-eyed turtle M. l. saharica in southern Morocco from seven distinct localities distributed in four different drainages in southern Morocco. A total of 224 turtles were captured, sexed, weighed and then measured for their carapace and tail dimensions before being released. Among the studied populations, four were dominated by adult individuals (Taakilt: 96%, Oued Guir: 87%, Oued Ziz: 75%, Sidi ElMehdaoui: 70%), two comprised 100% of adults (Oued Noun and Tarmigt) and one population consisted of 50% adults (Lower Draa). The sex ratio was significantly different between populations, being balanced in two populations (Tarmigt and Sidi El Mehdaoui), male-biased in three populations (Oued Zizi, Oued Noun, Lower Draa) and female-biased in the two remaining populations (Oued Guir and Taakilt). Body Condition Index (BCI, g/cm3) was significantly different among populations but not between sexes, or for the Sex × Locality interaction. The Sexual Size Dimorphism (SSD), females being larger than males, varies among population with the greatest degree observed in Oued Guir population (SSD = 0.41) and the lowest in Sidi El Mehdaoui population (SSD = -0.14). Length-Weight Relation (LWR) shows that M. l. saharica has isometric growth for both male and female of Oued Guir and Tarmigt, for female of Oued Ziz, Taakilt, Oued Noun and lower Draa and hypo-allometric for male of Oued Ziz, Taakilt, Oued Noun, Lower Draa and for both male and female of Sidi El Mehdaoui. Morphological variation of carapace is shown in this species associated with population variation among basins. Increased understanding of population characteristics and their fitness status must be considered in conservation and management action plans for the species and its habitat.
Is the interdecadal circumglobal teleconnection pattern excited by the Atlantic multidecadal Oscillation?

Abstract The interdecadal circumglobal teleconnection (ID-CGT) pattern is the dominant circulation mode over the NH during boreal summer on the interdecadal time scale. Its temporal evolution is synchronous with that of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). In this study, through analyzing the results of sensitivity experiments using five AGCMs driven by specified AMO-related SST anomalies (SSTAs) in the North Atlantic, the authors investigate whether the ID-CGT is excited by the AMO. Two out of the five models simulate the barotropic stationary wave pattern located along the westerly jet, suggesting that the ID-CGT pattern should be excited, at least partially, by the AMO-related SSTAs. Model results suggest that the ID-CGT pattern plays a role in linking the AMO and NH summer land SAT perturbations on the interdecadal time scale.
Uranium diffusion and time‐dependent adsorption–desorption in soil: A model and experimental testing of the model

Most past research on uranium (U) transport and reaction in the environment has been concerned with groundwater contamination and not with uptake by plants or soil biota, both of which operate over much smaller time and distance scales. We developed and tested a model of U diffusion and reaction in soil at scales appropriate for uptake by plant roots, based on a model we developed in an earlier paper. The model allows for the speciation of U with hydroxyl, carbonate and organic ligands in the soil solution, and the nature and kinetics of sorption reactions with the soil solid. The model predictions were compared with experimentally measured concentration–distance profiles of U in soil adjusted to different pHs and CO2 pressures. Excellent agreement between observed and predicted profiles was obtained using model input parameters measured or otherwise estimated independently of the concentration–distance profiles, showing that the model was a correct description of the system and all important processes were allowed for. The importance of the kinetics of U adsorption and desorption for the timescale of diffusion through the soil is highlighted. The results are discussed in terms of the uptake of U by plant root systems, as modelled in the earlier paper.