Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Kinematics and Biomechanics for Non-Contiguous Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion, Cervical Disc Arthroplasty, and Hybrid Cervical Surgery: A Systematic Review

Cervical disc degenerative disease (CDDD) is a common spinal pathology that is often treated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA), and/or hybrid cervical surgery (HCS). The purpose of this first-time systematic review is to examine the biomechanical outcomes associated with three types of non-contiguous cervical surgeries—ACDF, CDA, and HCS—to provide a greater understanding of non-contiguous cervical surgical biomechanics. A systematic review was performed using PubMed, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, and Web of Science from database inception until June 6th, 2023. The inclusion criteria was any article that reported biomechanical or kinematic outcomes, outcomes for any of the three non-contiguous cervical surgeries, and human-derived and/or human cadaver subjects. A total of 5 biomechanical articles were included from a total of 523 articles. Non-contiguous two-level HCS experienced less drastic range-of-motion (ROM) changes throughout the cervical spine and decreased intervertebral disc pressure (IDP) compared to non-contiguous two-level ACDF. Non-contiguous two-level CDA resulted in more cervical ROM and less non-operative segment facet contact force compared to non-contiguous two level ACDF. There was less cephalad and caudal non-operative segment ROM in non-contiguous two-level ACDF compared to contiguous three-level ACDF.
Development of Student Worksheets with Creative Values Through Project-Based Learning Model on Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution Material

Student worksheets give students the opportunity to participate in hands-on learning, discover strengths and learn from their mistakes. This research aims to produce student worksheets with creative values through the Project Based Learning model on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution materials. This research is a development research, the method used in this research is the R&D (Research and Development) method with the ADDIE model modified into ADD, namely Analysis, Design and Development. The instrument in this research is a needs questionnaire, media and material expert feasibility questionnaire, teacher response questionnaire and student response questionnaire. The results showed that chemistry teachers need student worksheets with creative values through the Project Based Learning model on the material of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions. The feasibility of student worksheets was obtained at 77.08% with a feasible category, the practicality was in the very practical category with an average score of 89.50% and the attractiveness of student worksheets in the very attractive category with an average score of 89.97%. So it can be concluded that the developed creative value-loaded student worksheets is feasible to use in learning.
C-reactive Protein of Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Basra Patients

By the time we conducted the current study,- COVID-19 epidemic has already become a global challenge, paralyzing socio-economic activity dramatically. Hence , this study aimed to identify the most valuable prognostic indicators for COVID19 patients' early and accurate diagnosis by comparing laboratory biomarkers like C -reactive protein between non-severe and severe groups of patients. Depending on clinical symptoms, ---337 COVID-19 patients were enrolled at the Basra City Hospital from March 29 to April 29,2020 were classified into severe and non severe groups. A total of 337 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, including 306 (128 males and 178 females) were adult patients, and ---31 (10 male and 21 female) Child & teens patients. The mean age of the adult patients was 42.79±16.22 (age rnage 18-85 years),----- Child & teens patients was 12.23± 4.06. All children and more adults had an initial normal C-reactive protein (CRP) <5 mg/L. CRP in severe group (68.51±66.38) was assigned to 27 adult patients (8.82%), and the differences were high significantly (p <0.05) compared to the noﱟn severe group (24.31±45.26). There were significant differences (p<0.05) between the severe group and non- severe groups in all parameters, including hemoglobin, platelet count, white blood cells (WBCs) count, CRP, ferritin as well as erythrocyte sedimentation rate ″ESR″. ---The results of this study indicated,--- that in the majority of children ----with COVID-19 infection , threre was no increase in CRP levels and other biomarkers.On the other hand, a positive link was found between COVID-19 severity and CRP, ESR, and ferritin levels in adults.
Geochemical significance of groundwater discharge and carbonate solution to the formation of Caleta Xel Ha, Quintana Roo, Mexico

Xel Ha is a lagoon whose location and morphology are partly controlled by the fracture pattern in upper Pleistocene coral reef limestone. Chemical, isotopic, and hydrologic observations were made nearby where groundwater could be sampled. In addition, similar observations along vertical profiles were made at stations within the lagoon. A thin lens of rapidly moving fresh groundwater overlies a regional thick body of nearly stagnant saline groundwater that is close to ocean water in chemical composition. These two chemically distinct groundwaters are separated by a thin zone of dispersion, and both are at or slightly beyond saturation with respect to calcite. Where these two end-member groundwaters mix to form the brackish dispersion zone, the resulting solution is undersaturated with respect to calcite. This was confirmed by mass transfer and isotopic modeling which show that the mixing of two solutions of different ionic strength, each saturated with respect to calcite, can result in an undersaturated solution. Model calculations indicate that as much as 1.23 mmol of CaCO3 may be dissolved per kilogram of water. We hypothesize that many of the cuspate beaches along the east coast of the Yucatan formed in this manner and that mixing of waters of different chemistry may be an important geomorphic process in similar geologic-hydrologic settings.
To respond or not to respond: exploring empathy-related psychological and structural brain differences between placebo analgesia responders and non-responders

Introduction Placebo responsiveness is highly variable across individuals. In the domain of pain, it may range from pronounced hypoalgesia to no response at all. Which factors predict such variation awaits clarification, as the available literature is characterized by mixed and inconclusive results. Particularly interesting in this case are social factors such as empathy or prosocial behavior, as prior work has stressed the connection between feeling pain yourself and empathizing with pain observed in others. Methods In a mixed confirmatory and exploratory approach, this study investigated potential psychological and structural brain differences between placebo responders and non-responders in the domain of pain. We aggregated data of four behavioral and neuroimaging studies that had been designed to investigate the effects of placebo analgesia on empathy. Results Analyses comparing groups of placebo responders and non-responders showed significant group differences in trait characteristics, with responders reporting increased helping behavior and lower psychopathic traits compared to non-responders. Uncorrected results further showed higher pain-related empathic concern in responders vs. non-responders. These results were accompaniedby tentative group differences in brain structure: placebo analgesia non-responders exhibited increased gray matter volume in left inferior temporal and parietal supramarginal cortical areas, and an increased cortical surface area in bilateral middle temporal cortex. Discussion Together, our findings suggest that modifiability of one’s pain perception by means of placebo effects is linked to personality traits characterizing social emotions and behavior. They also hint that these psychological as well as brain structural characteristics might be beneficial for the identification of placebo responders. At the same time, they stress the importance of considering contextual factors such as the study setting or paradigm when investigating the association between individual characteristics and placebo responding.
Description of new shock‐induced phases in the Shergotty, Zagami, Nakhla and Chassigny meteorites

Abstract— The Shergottite, Nakhlite and Chassignite (SNC) meteorites, Shergotty, Zagami, Nakhla and Chassigny, have been studied by analytical transmission electron microscopy. New phases, characteristic of strong shock conditions, have been discovered: calcium‐rich majorites in Shergottty, wadsleyite with anomalously elevated iron content in Chassigny, and impact melts in Shergotty, Zagami and Nakhla. Cristobalites (α and β polymorphs) observed in Shergotty and Zagami may also be related to shock and are interpreted as back transformation products of post‐stishovite silica polymorphs. Shocks corresponding to pressure and temperature conditions characteristic of the Earth's transition zone and lower mantle have occurred in those meteorites. Moreover, impact melts indicate high‐temperature conditions in localized areas. On the other hand, no massive impact melting is observed in those meteorites, consistent with previous descriptions. These observations provide evidence of highly heterogeneous shock conditions at the scale of few micrometers in these meteorites. Strongly heterogeneous conditions such as those suggested by the present study may help to explain the preservation in martian meteorites of phases practically unaffected by shock being very close to strongly shock‐metamorphized minerals.
Does extreme precipitation intensity depend on the emissions scenario?

The rate of increase of global‐mean precipitation per degree global‐mean surface temperature increase differs for greenhouse gas and aerosol forcings and across emissions scenarios with differing composition of change in forcing. We investigate whether or not the rate of change of extreme precipitation also varies across the four emissions scenarios that force the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, version 5 multimodel ensemble. In most models, the rate of increase of maximum annual daily precipitation per degree global warming in the multimodel ensemble is statistically indistinguishable across the four scenarios, whether this extreme precipitation is calculated globally, over all land, or over extratropical land. These results indicate that in contrast to mean precipitation, extreme precipitation depends on the total amount of warming and does not depend on emissions scenario in most models.
Archaeal tetraether membrane lipid fluxes in the northeastern Pacific and the Arabian Sea: Implications for TEX86 paleothermometry

The newly introduced temperature proxy, the tetraether index of archaeal lipids with 86 carbon atoms (TEX86), is based on the number of cyclopentane moieties in the glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids of marine Crenarchaeota. The composition of sedimentary GDGTs used for TEX86 paleothermometry is thought to reflect sea surface temperature (SST). However, marine Crenarchaeota occur ubiquitously in the world oceans over the entire depth range and not just in surface waters. We analyzed the GDGT distribution in settling particulate organic matter collected in sediment traps from the northeastern Pacific Ocean and the Arabian Sea to investigate the seasonal and spatial distribution of the fluxes of crenarchaeotal GDGTs and the origin of the TEX86 signal transported to the sediment. In both settings the TEX86 measured at all trap deployment depths reflects SST. In the Arabian Sea, analysis of an annual time series showed that the SST estimate based on TEX86 in the shallowest trap at 500 m followed the in situ SST with a 1 to 3 week time delay, likely caused by the relatively low settling speed of sinking particles. This revealed that the GDGT signal that reaches deeper water is derived from the upper water column rather than in situ production of GDGTs. The GDGT temperature signal in deeper traps at 1500 m and 3000 m did not show a seasonal cyclicity observed in the 500 m trap but rather reflected the annual mean SST. This is probably due to a homogenization of the TEX86 SST signal carried by particles as they ultimately reach the interior of the ocean. Our data confirm the use of TEX86 as a temperature proxy of surface ocean waters.
Heat uptake and resistance to mixing in small humic forest lakes in Southern Finland

The annual heat budgets and maximum thermal stabilities achieved by small Finnish forest lakes are considerable for lakes of their size. Heat uptake is rapid during the brief period of vernal circulation, with the latent heat of fusion of ice contributing substantially to this. Heating then slows, with maximum heat contents and thermal stabilities occurring around early August. Absorption of solar radiation by the dystrophic waters, effective shelter from wind-induced turbulence, and considerable relative depths all combine to prevent mixing of heat much below the surface 2 m of most study lakes. Birgean wind-work values therefore remain low, and cold hypolimnetic waters occupy much of the lake volume. The lakes also respond quickly to meteorological change, which causes considerable year-to-year variation, and some short-term fluctuation, in their heat budgets and maximum stabilities. The lakes' small size and shallow thermal stratification may contribute to this.
Learning Experiences of Future Healthcare Support Workers Enrolled in a Dual Mode Vocational Training Programme

Background: With life expectancy increasing, there is a growing need to train healthcare support workers who provide care for dependent people in healthcare centres and at home. This qualitative study, based on Gadamer’s hermeneutic philosophy, aimed to understand the learning experiences of future healthcare support workers currently enrolled in an intermediate, dual modality vocational training programme with regard to caring for dependent people. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit the participants, who were all students enrolled in an intermediate level vocational training programme in care for dependent people. Fourteen in-depth interviews and one focus group session were conducted with the students. Atlas.ti 8.0 software was used to analyse the participants’ accounts. Results: The students highlighted the vocational nature of their studies and the need to feel competent and useful as a healthcare support worker for dependent people. Practice-based learning and the need for training in core competences are complementary and essential elements of the training process. Conclusions:The participants’ previous experiences were key in determining their academic trajectory and reflect their motivation and interest to learn. However, they feel vulnerable, unprotected, and lack training in psychosocial skills. Educational institutions should focus training programmes on the practice and development of psychosocial skills that motivate students to acquire transversal competences.
Regulation of Protein-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Hepatocytes Treated with Metformin and Paclitaxel In Silico and In Vitro

Metformin and paclitaxel therapy offer promising outcomes in the treatment of liver cancer. Combining paclitaxel with metformin enhances treatment effectiveness and mitigates the adverse effects associated with paclitaxel alone. This study explored the anticancer properties of metformin and paclitaxel in HepG2 liver cancer cells, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and HCT116 colon cancer cells. The results demonstrated that the combination of these agents exhibited a lower IC50 in the tested cell lines compared to paclitaxel monotherapy. Notably, treating the HepG2 cell line with this combination led to a reduction in the G0/G1 phase and an increase in the S and G2/M phases, ultimately triggering early apoptosis. To further investigate the interaction between the cellular proteins with paclitaxel and metformin, an in silico study was conducted using proteins chosen from a protein data bank (PDB). Among the proteins studied, AMPK-α, EGFRK, and FKBP12-mTOR exhibited the highest binding free energy, with values of −11.01, −10.59, and −15.63 kcal/mol, respectively, indicating strong inhibitory or enhancing effects on these proteins. When HepG2 cells were exposed to both paclitaxel and metformin, there was an upregulation in the gene expression of AMPK-α, a key regulator of the energy balance in cancer growth, as well as apoptotic markers such as p53 and caspase-3, along with autophagic markers including beclin1 and ATG4A. This combination therapy of metformin and paclitaxel exhibited significant potential as a treatment option for HepG2 liver cancer. In summary, the combination of metformin and paclitaxel not only enhances treatment efficacy but also reduces side effects. It induces cell cycle alterations and apoptosis and modulates key cellular proteins involved in cancer growth, making it a promising therapy for HepG2 liver cancer.
The Effect Of The Practicum-based Learning Cycle 5E Learning Model on Critical Thinking Skills on Mechanical Wave Material

This study aims to determine the effect of learning model learning cycle 5e practicum-based critical thinking skills on mechanical wave material. The low ability of critical thinking is a problem experienced by students of Class XI science, which was the background for researchers to use the 5e learning cycle model based on practicum. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design; the sample was determined using a cluster random sampling technique from a population of 180. Testing data using normality test, homogeneity test, and T-test. The findings indicated that t_count = 7.31 and t_table = t ((0.995) (65)) = 2.65. The fact that H_0 is rejected and H_a is approved shows that the practicum-based 5E learning cycle learning model impacts students' critical thinking abilities about mechanical wave content. This is because the value of t_hitung > t_tabel. This is so that students may practice critical thinking skills at various phases of the practicum-based 5E learning cycle learning model. Students get instruction in the fundamentals of clarification at the phases of engagement, investigation, explanation, and elaboration. Students get instruction in inquiry, explanation, elaboration, and assessment as they pertain to the fundamental factors of the choice. Students get instruction in the investigation and explanation phases of the conclusion element. The benefit of this study is that it may serve as a reference for future studies on the impact of the 5E learning cycle's practicum-based learning model on students' critical thinking abilities about mechanical wave content.
Effectiveness of Fish Roe, Snow Fungus, and Yeast Supplementation for Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

The brain is one of the most critical organs in the human body, regulating functions such as thinking, memory, learning, and perception. Studies have indicated that fish roe, snow fungus, and yeast may have the potential to modulate cognitive, memory, and emotional functions. However, more relevant clinical research in this area still needs to be conducted. This study explored the cognition-enhancing potential of a formula beverage including fish roe, snow fungus, and yeast. Sixty-four subjects were divided into a placebo group (n = 32) and a formula-drink group (n = 32), who consumed the product for 8 weeks. Cognitive tests were administered and analyzed at weeks 0, 4, and 8. After 4 and 8 weeks, there was a significant increase in the number of memory cards, and the response times among those who consumed the formula beverage were significantly faster than those in the placebo group. The subjects remembered the old items better and were more impressed with similar items based on the week effect. There was a significant increase in the cue effect of happy facial expressions after the subjects consumed the formula beverage for 8 weeks. In addition, there was a significant decrease in anxiety and fatigue, and improved quality of life. This formula beverage is a promising option that could be used to prevent further cognitive decline in adults with subjective cognitive complaints.
Mean Distance of Mental Foramen from Inferior Border of Mandible among Patients Visiting the Outpatient Dental Department in a Tertiary Care Centre

ABSTRACT Introduction: Among many anatomical landmarks in the human skull, the mental foramen is a stable landmark on the mandible. The diverse morphology of the mandible indicates the specific characteristics of such anatomical structures in each individual. The aim of this study was to find out the mean distance of mental foramen from the inferior border of the mandible visiting the Outpatient Dental Department in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients undergoing orthopantomogram in the Outpatient Dental Department of a tertiary care centre from 3 February 2022 to 31 July 2022. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee. The patients with complete dentition in the region of measurements were included in the study. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 207 patients, the mean distance from the inferior border of the mandible to the lower border of the mental foramen was 11.83±1.83 mm (11.58-12.07, 95% Confidence Interval). Conclusions: The mean distance of mental foramen from the inferior border of the mandible was found to be similar to other studies done in similar settings.