Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinico-microbiological retrospective study of abnormal vaginal discharge in women coming to obstetrics and gynecology out patient department at a tertiary care hospital

Introduction: Vaginal discharge is a normal physiological discharge which is usually white or clear, non-offensive and varies with menstrual cycle. Abnormal vaginal discharge if untreated can lead to cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, urinary tract infection and also infertility. As abnormal vaginal discharge presents vaguely in a clinical set up, diagnosis is made by laboratory confirmation for rapid identification of causative pathogens and appropriate treatment. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study where records of clinically suspected vaginitis/cervicitis cases from Jan 2016 till June 2018 were studied. History, general examination findings, per speculum and pelvic examination findings, investigations performed and treatment given were collected for these cases and the data was analyzed. The amount, odor, color, pH and consistency of vaginal discharge were noted. Three high vaginal swabs were taken from every patient using sterile swab sticks and labeled. The tests include: saline wet mount, KOH mount and Grams stain. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed using the Amsel's clinical criteria and standard microbiological techniques. The collected samples were also cultured on MacConkey’s agar, Blood agar and Sabouraud’s Dextrose agar for aerobic bacterial and fungal cultures respectively. The antibiotic sensitivity testing of all isolates was performed by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar and interpreted as per CLSI guidelines. Results: This is a retrospective study where records of clinically suspected vaginitis/cervicitis cases were studied. A total of 1680 clinically suspected vaginitis/cervicitis case records were collected in this study. Out of 1680 cases, only 475 (28.27%) cases were positive for growth of a pathogen and the remaining 1205 (71.72%) cases either showed no growth or no pathogens were isolated. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed in 120 (7.14%) cases and trichomoniasis was diagnosed in 51 (3.03%) cases. Out of the 475 samples positive for growth, most common isolate was Escherichia coli (195, 41.05%), followed by Coagulase negative staphylococcus (130, 27.36%). Conclusion: Escherichia coli was the most common organism causing infection in our study population followed by Coagulase negative staphylococcus. Clinical diagnosis along with complete microbiological evaluation is necessary to determine the causative agents of vaginal infections for appropriate management. Keywords: Abnormal vaginal discharge, Vaginitis, Cervicitis, High vaginal swabs.
The relative influence of ENSO and SAM on Antarctic Peninsula climate

Recent warming of the Antarctic Peninsula during austral autumn, winter, and spring has been linked to sea surface temperature (SST) trends in the tropical Pacific and tropical Atlantic, while warming of the northeast Peninsula during summer has been linked to a strengthening of westerly winds traversing the Peninsula associated with a positive trend in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Here we demonstrate that circulation changes associated with the SAM dominate interannual temperature variability across the entire Antarctic Peninsula during both summer and autumn, while relationships with tropical Pacific SST variability associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are strongest and statistically significant primarily during winter and spring only. We find the ENSO‐Peninsula temperature relationship during autumn to be weak on interannual time scales and regional circulation anomalies associated with the SAM more important for interannual temperature variability across the Peninsula during autumn. Consistent with previous studies, western Peninsula temperatures during autumn, winter, and spring are closely tied to changes in the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) and associated meridional wind anomalies. The interannual variability of ASL depth is most strongly correlated with the SAM index during autumn, while the ENSO relationship is strongest during winter and spring. Investigation of western and northeast Peninsula temperatures separately reveals that interannual variability of northeast Peninsula temperatures is primarily sensitive to zonal wind anomalies crossing the Peninsula and resultant leeside adiabatic warming rather than to meridional wind anomalies, which is closely tied to variability in the zonal portion of the SAM pattern.
Incidence, clinical features, management and outcomes of ANCA-associated vasculitis in pregnancy- a systematic literature review

Background and aim: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are rare multi-system conditions, usually presenting in older age groups. However, younger individuals are also affected. The average increase of childbearing age and lack of studies in pregnancy necessitates this comprehensive review of data to guide the management of AAV in pregnancy. This systematic review (SR) aimed to summarise the incidence, clinical features, management, and maternal and foetal outcomes in female patients with AAV. Methods: The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023437482). Articles published in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Databases from 1946 until June 2023 were included. Single case reports, reviews and conference abstracts were excluded. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were examined by two authors. Data on demographics, treatment, clinical features, flares during pregnancy, and maternal and foetal outcomes were extracted. Results: Eight studies were included, detailing 82 pregnancies in 64 women. The most common drugs used for remission induction pre-conception were cyclophosphamide, rituximab, prednisolone, and azathioprine. Serious maternal complications in pregnancy included progressive tracheal/subglottic stenosis (n=5), renal disease (n=2), preeclampsia (n=10), and miscarriages (n=5). Foetal anomalies were rare (n=5). The mean birth weight was 3.37kgs and mean gestation age was 38.26 weeks. No maternal deaths or vasculitis in newborns were reported. Conclusions: Patients can have positive maternal and foetal outcomes following strong induction therapy, vigorous monitoring and prompt treatment of flares during pregnancy. Serious complications and flares are not associated with worse outcomes for newborns.
On the existence and uniqueness of solution to a stochastic simplified liquid crystal model

We study in this article a stochastic version of a 2D simplified Ericksen-Leslie systems, which model the dynamic of nematic liquid crystals under the influence of stochastic external forces. We prove the existence and uniqueness of strong solution. The proof relies on a new formulation of the model proposed in [ 19 ] as well as a Galerkin approximation
Gesundheitskompetenz, subjektive Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten bei Studierenden

Zusammenfassung Erkenntnisse über die Gesundheitskompetenz von Studierenden liegen bisher in Deutschland kaum vor. In einem Studienprojekt der Hochschule Fulda wurde diese im Zusammenhang mit der subjektiven Gesundheit und gesundheitsrelevanten Verhaltensweisen bei Studierenden in Fulda untersucht. Während zwischen der Gesundheitskompetenz und der subjektiven Gesundheit ein Zusammenhang ermittelt werden konnte, zeigen sich Assoziationen zu Verhaltensweisen nur bei einzelnen Variablen, wie z.B. beim Obstkonsum.
Treatment guesses in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study: Accuracy, unblinding and influence on outcomes

Objective: We evaluated the presence and impact of unblinding during the influential Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00006286). Method: Our analysis was part of a Restoring Invisible and Abandoned Trials reanalysis. Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study trialled fluoxetine, placebo, cognitive behaviour therapy or their combination, in treating adolescents with major depressive disorder. We analysed the accuracy of guesses of fluoxetine or placebo allocation, and their effects on change in Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised at 12 weeks. Results: Of 221 participants allocated to fluoxetine or placebo, 151 adolescents (68%) had their guess about pill-treatment-arm allocation recorded at week 6, and guesses were recorded for 154 independent evaluators, 159 parents and 164 pharmacotherapists. All of these groups guessed treatment allocation more accurately than would be expected by chance (60–66% accuracy; all p-values ⩽ 0.004). Guesses did not become more accurate between 6 and 12 weeks and were not predicted by adverse events, though event documentation was poor. Treatment guess had a substantial and statistically significant effect on outcome (Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised change mean difference 9.12 [4.69; 13.55], β = 0.334, p < 0.001), but actual treatment arm did not (1.53 [−2.83; 5.89], β = 0.056, p = 0.489). Removing guess from the analysis increased the apparent effect of treatment arm, making it almost statistically significant at the conventional alpha-level of 0.05 (p = 0.06). Conclusions: For Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study, treatment guesses strongly predicted outcomes and may have led to the exaggeration of drug effectiveness in the absence of actual effects. The integrity of double-blinding in trials should be routinely assessed and reported.
Acute effects of prior conditioning activity on change of direction performance. A systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the acute effects of prior conditioning activity (CA) on change of direction (COD) performance. Eligible studies, involving healthy participants undergoing acute CA with at least one measure of COD performance, were analysed across diverse databases. A total of 34 studies were included for systematic review with 19 studies included for the meta-analysis. The intervention condition resulted in significantly faster (Z = 4.39; standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.49; p < 0.05) COD performance compared with the control condition. Both unloaded and light loaded CA resulted in significantly greater (SMD = 0.58–0.59) COD performance compared to the control condition. Moreover, heavy loaded CA demonstrated a significant but small (SMD = 0.24) improvement in COD performance compared to the control condition. Age and study design had no effect on the overall meta-analysis outcomes. Both males and females exhibited similar moderate effects with CA but only males demonstrated significantly greater COD performance compared to control conditions. Our findings indicate that a range of CA protocols can acutely improve COD performance with unloaded and light-loaded CA resulting in the greatest performance enhancements. These findings will assist practitioners with the design and implementation of appropriate acute CA to improve COD performance.
Trends and causes of neonatal mortality from 2010 to 2017 at a Health and Demographic Surveillance site in Northern Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Background Half of global under-five mortalities is neonatal. The highest rates are found in low-income countries such as Ethiopia. Ethiopia has made progress in reducing under-five mortality, but neonatal mortality remains high. Evidence collected continuously at the community level is crucial for understanding the trends and causes of neonatal mortality. Objectives To analyse the trends and causes of neonatal mortality at the Kilte-Awlelo Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KAHDSS) site in Ethiopia from 2010 to 2017. Methods A descriptive study was conducted using data from neonates born between 2010 and 2017 at the KAHDSS site. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Causes of death were examined, and neonatal mortality trends were described using simple linear regression. Results The overall average neonatal mortality rate was 17/1000 live births (LBs). The rate increased from 12 per 1000 LBs in 2010 to 15 per 1000 LBs in 2017. The majority of neonatal deaths occurred during the first week of life, and more than one-half died at home. The leading causes were sepsis, pre-term birth (including respiratory distress), disease related to the perinatal period, birth asphyxia, and neonatal pneumonia. Conclusions The high neonatal mortality in Ethiopia requires urgent attention and action. Sepsis, preterm birth, perinatal diseases, asphyxia, and neonatal pneumonia are the leading causes of death in neonates. Facility- and community-based health services should target the leading causes of neonatal deaths.
A rare case of Cysticercus tenuicollis infection in a neonate lamb: Evidence of prenatal transmission

Abstract Cysticercosis develops in lambs following a Cysticercus tenuicollis infestation, which is the larval stage of Taenia hydatigena. A 7‐day‐old lamb was examined for depression, anorexia, fever (40.5°C), congested mucus membranes, reluctance to move, and a hunched back. Upon necropsy, congestion was noted in the intestines and brain, and the heart had a loose consistency. Soft and pulpy kidneys were evident coupled with watery intestinal contents. Epsilon toxin (Clostridium perfringens type D toxin) was detected using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. A transparent cystic structure was incidentally found attached to the pancreas, within which a scolex was well demonstrated upon histopathology. Chronic active peritonitis was diagnosed at the cyst attachment site. C. tenuicollis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and genome sequencing. This report describes prenatal transmission of C. tenuicollis in the present lamb, although this condition is quite rare.
The Geodynamics of the Aegean and Anatolia

The complexity of plate interactions and associated crustal deformation in the Eastern Mediterranean region is reflected by the numerous destructive earthquakes that have occurred throughout its history. Many of these have been well documented and studied. In addition, the Aegean region provides examples of core-complex formation, synchronous basin evolution and subsequent graben formation and continental extensional deformation following orogenic contraction. It is therefore considered to be a perfect natural laboratory for the study of these mechanisms. The region has been the subject of intensive research for several decades. This book contains current results and ideas regarding the geodynamics of the Aegean and Anatolia. It will be essential reading for all geoscientists with an interest in the structural evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean.
A Review on Shale Reservoirs as an Unconventional Play – The History, Technology Revolution, Importance to Oil and Gas Industry, and the Development Future

As a milestone of the entire energy industry, unconventional resources have inevitably swept the world in the last decade, and will certainly dominate the global oil and gas industry in the near future. Eventually, the “unconventional” will become “conventional”. Along with the rapid development, however, some issues have emerged, which are closely related to the viability of unconventional resources development. Under the current circumstances of low crude oil and gas price, coupled with the prominent environmental concerns, the arguments about the development and production of unconventional resources have been recently heated up. This work introduced the full‐blown aspects of unconventional resources especially shale reservoirs, by discussing their concepts and definitions, reviewing the shale gas and shale oil development history and necessity, analyzing the shale plays' geology and petroleum systems with respects to key hydrocarbon accumulation elements and mechanisms, and summarizing the technology resolution. This study also discussed the relevant key issues, including significant estimation uncertainty of technically recoverable resources, the equivocal understanding of complex geology preventing the production and technologies implementation optimization, the difficulties of experiences and technologies global expanding, and the corresponding risks and uncertainties. In addition, based on the latest production and exploration data, the future perspective of the unconventional resources was depicted from global unconventional resources assessments, technology development, and limitations constraining the development.
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (SEA)

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is the formalised, systematic and comprehensive process of evaluating the environmental effects of a policy, plan or programme and its alternatives, including the preparation of a written report on the findings of that evaluation, and using the findings in publicly accountable decisionmaking. SEA aims to integrate environmental and sustainability considerations in strategic decision-making.
Optimal fixed-point tracking control for discrete-time nonlinear systems via ADP

Based on adaptive dynamic programming ( ADP ), the fixed-point tracking control problem is solved by a value iteration ( VI ) algorithm. First, a class of discrete-time ( DT ) nonlinear system with disturbance is considered. Second, the convergence of a VI algorithm is given. It is proven that the iterative cost function precisely converges to the optimal value, and the control input and disturbance input also converges to the optimal values. Third, a novel analysis pertaining to the range of the discount factor is presented, where the cost function serves as a Lyapunov function. Finally, neural networks ( NNs ) are employed to approximate the cost function, the control law, and the disturbance law. Simulation examples are given to illustrate the effective performance of the proposed method.
Golden Indications and an Overview on the Use of Botulinum Toxin in Strabismus

Botulinum toxin A (BTXA) is considered a pharmacological agent that may provide an alternative treatment to surgery in strabismus. It can be used as both a diagnostic and therapeutic agent in various concomitant, paralytic, and restrictive disorders. The major advantage of BTXA treatment is that it is non-invasive and does not impact the patient’s chance for future surgery in case of an unfavorable response. In some selected disorders, BTXA has become the primary choice of treatment, whereas surgery is found to be more effective in others. Accumulated knowledge and experience have demonstrated that BTXA is more than merely an alternative treatment and has additional specific indications such as in unstable deviations and as an adjunct to surgery. Patients with recurrent deviations despite multiple surgeries are also good candidates for BTXA treatment. Although the major expectation is to obtain a permanent result, BTXA can also be used as a maintenance treatment. This paper mainly focuses on the current indications for the use of BTXA in strabismology, with special emphasis on ideal first-choice applications referred to as “golden indications,” within the scope of the author’s own experience with the use of BTXA over 30 years.
Evaluation of Sealer Remnants Using a Bioceramic Sealer Single-cone Technique after Post Space Preparation and its Influence on the Adhesion of Fibre Posts in vitro.

OBJECTIVE To compare calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer and epoxy resin-based sealer remnants on root canal walls after post space preparation and their influence on the bond strength of fibre posts fixed with a dual-cured resin cement. METHODS Thirty-six extracted single-root mandibular premolars were instrumented and divided randomly into two equal groups with different endodontic sealers. iRoot SP (Innovative BioCeramix, Vancouver, Canada) was employed in the experimental group and AH Plus (Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA) was used in the control group. Sealer remnants were observed under an endodontic microscope after root canal therapy and post space preparation. Fibre posts were fixed with dual-cured resin cement. Specimens were taken at each third of the post space. The push-out bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine and fracture modes were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using an independent samples t test and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in bond strength of fibre posts between the control and experimental group (P > 0.05); however, sealer remnants were observed in 38.9% of the samples treated with iRoot SP and none of the samples treated with AH Plus. The major fracture mode in samples treated with iRoot SP was adhesive failure between the resin cement and the post, and no adhesive failure between the resin cement and dentine occurred at the site of the sealer remnant. The presence of iRoot SP remnants on the root canal walls after post space preparation did not interfere with bonding. CONCLUSION iRoot SP is a viable option for root canal obturation before fibre post cementation.
Effect of temperature on the frictional behavior of smectite and illite

We performed high–temperature friction experiments to investigate the effect of temperature on the frictional behavior of smectite and illite. Friction coefficients (μ) of these clay minerals increase with increasing temperature as a result of dehydration of absorbed and interstitial water. At a constant normal stress of 60 MPa, μ of Ca–smectite gouge increases from 0.27 at room temperature to 0.67 at 200 °C, and μ of illite gouge increase from 0.53 at room temperature to 0.68 at 200 °C. Velocity dependence of steady–state friction for smectite and illite gouges changes with temperature so that the transition from velocity–strengthening to velocity–weakening behavior occurs at 150 °C at a normal stress of 60 MPa. Temperature at which this change takes place corresponds to the temperature at the updip limit of the seismogenic zone along subducting plates. Thus, the effect of temperature on the frictional behavior of these clay minerals possibly play an important role in controlling the updip limit of subduction thrust earthquakes.
Data report: underway geophysics

1Kang, M. -H. , Sager, W.W. , and the Expedition 324 Scientists, 2010. Data report: underway geophysics. In Sager, W.W. , Sano, T. , Geldmacher, J., and the Expedition 324 Scientists, Proc. IODP, 324: Tokyo (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International, Inc.). doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.324.108. 2010 2Petroleum and Marine Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 92 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Korea. karl@kigam.re. kr 3Expedition 324 Scientists’ addresses. Introduction
Targeting the CCL2-CCR2 signaling pathway: potential implications of statins beyond cardiovascular diseases.

BACKGROUND The chemokine ligand CCL2 and its cognate receptor CCR2 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. Hence, the inhibition of the CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway has been of great attention in recent studies. Among suggested medications, statins known as HMG-COA reductase inhibitors with their pleiotropic effects are widely under investigation. METHOD A comprehensive literature search on Scopus and PubMed databases was conducted using the keywords 'CCL2', 'CCR2', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1', 'HMG-COA reductase inhibitor', and 'statin'. Both experimental and clinical studies measuring CCL2/CCR2 expressions following statin therapy were identified excluding the ones focused on cardiovascular diseases. RESULTS Herein, we summarized the effects of statins on CCL2 and CCR2 expression in various pathologic conditions including immune-mediated diseases, nephropathies, diabetes, rheumatic diseases, neuroinflammation, inflammatory bowel diseases, gynecologic diseases, and cancers. CONCLUSION For the most part, statins play an inhibitory role on the CCL2-CCR2 axis which implies their potential to be further developed as therapeutic options in non-cardiovascular diseases either alone or in combination with other conventional treatments. However, the existing literature mostly focused on experimental models and is therefore inadequate to reach a conclusion.