Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diffuse Extension of the Southern Mariana Margin

Extension within the southern Mariana margin occurs both normal to and parallel to the trench. Trench‐normal extension takes place along focused and broad backarc spreading axes forming crust that is passively accreted to the rigid Philippine Sea plate flank to the northwest. To the southeast, trench‐parallel extension has split apart the Eocene‐Miocene forearc terrain accreting new crust diffusely over a 150–200 km wide zone forming a pervasive volcano‐tectonic fabric oriented at high angles to the trench and the backarc spreading center. Earthquake seismicity indicates active extension over this forearc region and basement samples date young although waning volcanic activity. Such diffuse formation of new oceanic crust and lithosphere is unusual; in most oceanic settings extension rapidly focuses to narrow plate boundary zones—a defining feature of plate tectonics. Diffuse crustal accretion has been inferred to occur during subduction zone infancy, however. We hypothesize that in a near‐trench extensional setting, the continual addition of water from the subducting slab creates a weak overriding hydrous lithosphere that deforms broadly. This process counteracts mantle dehydration and strengthening proposed to occur at mid‐ocean ridges that may help to focus deformation and melt delivery to narrow plate boundary zones. The observations from the southern Mariana margin suggest that where lithosphere is weakened by high water content narrow seafloor spreading centers cannot form. These conditions likely prevail during subduction zone infancy, explaining the diffuse contemporaneous volcanism inferred in this setting.
Essential requirement for two-pore channel 1 in NAADP-mediated calcium signaling

Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a widespread and potent calcium-mobilizing messenger that is highly unusual in activating calcium channels located on acidic stores. However, the molecular identity of the target protein is unclear. In this study, we show that the previously uncharacterized human two-pore channels (TPC1 and TPC2) are endolysosomal proteins, that NAADP-mediated calcium signals are enhanced by overexpression of TPC1 and attenuated after knockdown of TPC1, and that mutation of a single highly conserved residue within a putative pore region abrogated calcium release by NAADP. Thus, TPC1 is critical for NAADP action and is likely the long sought after target channel for NAADP.
a repository copy of Selecting Highly Efficient Sets of Subdomains for Mutation Adequacy .

—Test selection techniques are used to reduce the human effort involved in software testing. Most research focusses on selecting efﬁcient sets of test cases according to various coverage criteria for directed testing. We introduce a new technique to select efﬁcient sets of subdomains from which new test cases can be sampled at random to achieve a high mutation score. We ﬁrst present a technique for evolving multiple subdomains, each of which target a different group of mutants. The evolved subdomains are shown to achieve an average 160% improvement in mutation score compared to random testing with six real world Java programs. We then present a technique for selecting sets of the evolved subdomains to reduce the human effort involved in evaluating sampled test cases without reducing their fault ﬁnding effectiveness. This technique signiﬁcantly reduces the number of subdomains for four of the six programs with a negligible difference in mutation score.
Meteorological time series forecasting based on MLP modelling using heterogeneous transfer functions

In this paper, we propose to study four meteorological and seasonal time series coupled with a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) modeling. We chose to combine two transfer functions for the nodes of the hidden layer, and to use a temporal indicator (time index as input) in order to take into account the seasonal aspect of the studied time series. The results of the prediction concern two years of measurements and the learning step, eight independent years. We show that this methodology can improve the accuracy of meteorological data estimation compared to a classical MLP modelling with a homogenous transfer function.
Part-of-Speech Approach to Evaluation of Textbook Reviews

Book reviews are comments written by readers regarding their experiences about a particular book. Some reviews contain useful information and may help prospective buyers in making a purchase decision, while some are viewed as less helpful, such as, complaints about shipping delay. The review’s content is the key to differentiating them. Presenting a methodology for evaluating the helpfulness of a book view, this research employed the part-of-speech (POS) approach. A review’s content initially underwent a POS tagging process. Various features were then extracted and used as attributes for classification algorithms. The relation between adjectives and review’s helpfulness was also analyzed. The system’s effectiveness was assessed using textbook reviews obtained from an on-line bookstore.
ROBUST NONLINEAR CONTROL THEORY WITH APPLICATIONSTO AEROSPACE

This paper is a very brief outline of an invited poster session giving a rst-year progress report on a research program with the above title being carried out in the Control and Dynamical Systems (CDS) department at Caltech. This 5-year grant funded by the AFOSR Partnership for Research Excellence Transition (PRET) Program has a special emphasis on transitioning new methods to industrial practice and thus involves a high level of industrial participation. The focus of our program is fundamental research in general methods of analysis and design of complex uncertain nonlinear systems, from creating new mathematical theory to working to make that theory help engineers solve a variety of real industrial problems. Caltech's Control and Dynamical Systems department was created with precisely this goal, which is shared by our industrial collaborators, led by Honeywell. Further details will be available at the poster session. 1. PROGRAM OVERVIEW There have been truly striking developments in the last two decades in robust multivariable control, nonlinear dynamical systems, and all aspects of computation, from computational complexity theory to CAD software for control design. Much of mainstream nonlinear control theory remains relatively untouched by these developments , limiting both its practical applicability and sci-entiic depth. Our approach in this program builds on our recent success in blending robust and nonlinear control methods with a much greater emphasis on the use of local and global techniques in nonlinear dynamical systems theory. While we are working to advance design of robust controllers for nonlinear systems, we must also be realistic about what is possible and what is needed. Two important limitations on the role of control research will guide us: 1) Of the multiple technological problems usually tackled by control engineers, only a small fraction reduces to the design of a feedback system for a given plant, and even then 2) The prospect of useful, general nonlinear theory resembling existing useful, general linear theory is hopeless. It is essential to understand these limitations and the opportunities they implicitly create. First, we must view control in a much broader context, because it is intimately and inextricably intertwined with all aspects of total system design. Control theory must reeect this reality. Secondly, we must be realistic about nonlinear systems, pursue multiple and complementary research paths, and do quite fundamental theoretical research in concert with very engineering-oriented applications.
Theoretically exact FBP-type inversion algorithm for spiral CT

| Proposed is a theoretically exact formula for inversion of data obtained by a spiral CT scan with a 2D detector array. The detector array is supposed to be of limited extent in the axial direction. The main property of the formula is that it can be implemented in a truly ltered backprojection fashion. First, one performs shift-invariant ltering of a derivative of the cone beam projections, and, second, the result is back-projected in order to form an image. Another property is that the formula solves the socalled \long object problem". Limitations of the algorithm are discussed. Results of numerical experiments are presented.
Social User Agents for Dynamic Access to Wireless Networks

We present a dynamic and adaptive decision model for an autonomous user agent whose task is to dynamically negotiate and procure wireless access for a mobile user. A user is assumed to have cognitive and motivational costs associated to providing subjective preference information to the agent. Therefore the task of the personal agent is to dynamically model the user, update its knowledge of a market of wireless service providers and select service providers that satisfies the user’s expected preferences based on minimal, or missing, information that is derived from a simple user interface. In this paper we show how this user modeling problem can be represented as a Markov Decision Process. Adaptive reinforcement learning solutions are then evaluated for two subclasses of tractable MDPs via simulations of some representative user models.
The complexity of biological motion

Human neonates show a natural predisposition towards biological motion: despite the limited visual information available, they can distinguish the movement of other living agents from object motion. This ability has been suggested to be the basis for identifying conspecifics from birth, hence representing a fundamental skill for the development of social interaction. Inspired by this, we propose a computational model to detect biological motion in video sequences acquired by the iCub humanoid robot, as a first step to improve its action understanding and interaction capabilities in a developmental perspective. We propose a temporal multi-resolution motion description which automatically copes with different dynamics and builds on top of low-level features that capture biological motion regularities. The starting point of the representation is the optical flow, a low-level measurement which simulates the limited amount of visual information available at birth. The description is evaluated in its capability to discriminate between biological and non-biological movements. We show how a temporal multi-resolution descriptor can effectively deal with dynamic events of variable temporal duration and complexity. Then we provide evidence that our approach guarantees a robust classification of biological versus non-biological video sequences, which generalizes to new scenarios, including new agents and new actions, also in presence of severe occlusions.
Extratropical cyclones over the southwestern South Atlantic Ocean: HadGEM2‐ES and RegCM4 projections

The value added from dynamic downscaling in climate projections of extratropical cyclones over the southwestern South Atlantic Ocean (SAO) is evaluated. For this purpose, the Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4) is nested in the Hadley Global Environment Model 2 ‐ Earth System (HadGEM2‐ES) global climate model under the RCP8.5 scenario. The analyses focus on three time slices: the present (1979–2005), near future (NF: 2020–2050) and far future (FF: 2070–2098) climates. The cyclone tracking used an algorithm that searches for minima of relative vorticity at 925 hPa. Simulations of the present climate are compared to data from an ensemble of five reanalyses (ERA‐40, ERA‐Interim, NCEP‐NCAR, NCEP‐DOE and CFSR). For present climate, there is good agreement among reanalyses and models in associating austral winter and summer with higher and lower cyclone frequency, respectively. In addition, the simulations present the mean features of the cyclones (lifetime, distance travelled and mean velocity) as similar to those of the reanalysis. Moreover, RegCM4 outperforms the HadGEM2‐ES by simulating more realistically the spatial pattern of the cyclogenesis density over the SAO, which indicates value added from the RegCM4 downscaling. For the future climates, a decrease is projected for the annual frequency of cyclones, which reaches −6.5% (−3.6%) in RegCM4 (HadGEM2‐ES) in the NF and −11.4% (−10.4%) in the FF. Future projections do not indicate changes in the mean intensity of the cyclones. The negative trend of the cyclone frequency affects the precipitation. For FF, a decrease of approximately 15% in the precipitation associated with cyclones is projected.
The endoplasmic reticulum is a glucose‐modulated high‐affinity sink for Ca2+ in mouse pancreatic β‐cells

1 The regulation of organelle free Ca2+ was analysed in individual mouse pancreatic β‐cells loaded with the fluorescent low‐affinity indicator furaptra. 2 Removal of the cytoplasmic indicator by controlled digitonin permeabilization of the plasma membrane resulted in a sudden increase of the 340 nm/380 nm fluorescence excitation ratio followed by a gradual decay, reflecting the emptying of Ca2+ from organelle pools. 3 Subsequent introduction of 3 mM ATP caused rapid refilling of a Ca2+ pool, which represented the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in being mobilized with inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3) and the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin. 4 The concentration of Ca2+ in the ER observed immediately after permeabilization depended on the glucose concentration in a hyperbolic fashion with half‐maximal filling at about 6 mM of the sugar. 5 Glucose promotion of Ca2+ sequestration in the ER involved a high‐affinity mechanism not requiring but accelerated by a rise of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. 6 Glucose also exerted a long‐term action on the ER storage of Ca2+, maintaining the set‐point for its maximal concentration and preserving the response to IP3. 7 The results indicate that the ER has an important role in the glucose‐stimulated β‐cell by serving as a high‐affinity sink for Ca2+, irrespective of the prevailing concentration of cytoplasmic Ca2+.
Lithocholic acid induction of the FGF19 promoter in intestinal cells is mediated by PXR.

AIM To study the effect of the toxic secondary bile acid lithocholic acid (LCA) on the expression of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) in intestinal cells and to characterize the pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) response of the FGF19 promoter region. METHODS The intestinal cell line LS174T was stimulated with various concentrations of chenodeoxy-cholic acid and lithocholic acid for several time points. FGF19 mRNA levels were determined with quantitative realtime RT-PCR. FGF19 deletion promoter constructs were generated and the LCA response was analzyed in reporter assays. Co-transfections with PXR and RXR were carried out to study FGF19 regulation by these factors. RESULTS LCA and CDCA strongly up-regulate FGF19 mRNA expression in LS174T cells in a time and dose dependent manner. Using reporter gene assays with several deletion constructs we found that the LCA responsive element in the human FGF19 promoter maps to the proximal regulatory region containing two potential binding sites for PXR. Overexpression of PXR and its dimerization partner retinoid X receptor (RXR) and stimulation with LCA or the potent PXR ligand rifampicin leads to a significant induction of FGF19 promoter activity in intestinal cells. CONCLUSION LCA induced feedback inhibition of bile acid synthesis in the liver is likely to be regulated by PXR inducing intestinal FGF19 expression.
QoE and *-awareness in the Future Internet

Future Internet will have to cope with yet unknown terminals and services (even users), in a number and heterogeneity never seen before. So, flexibility or adaptability will be considered as one of the most important design principles. This flexibility will demand different kinds of awareness both in the ends and in every node in the service supplying chain, while targeting users’ satisfaction as the final goal of any management process. Although virtualization and “everything is a service" approaches seem to be promising foundations to guarantee this flexibility, Future Internet will be built upon real world mobile wireless network technologies, so that cross-layers issues and quality constraints will persist. Quality of Experience (QoE) could play a significant role there, since it could provide an unified metric, isolating users from low level details or complex NQoS definitions. We will also show an example of how user-aware network tuning mechanisms are able to provide similar users’ QoE with lower resources consumption and therefore propose that QoE and *-awareness were considered in the Future Internet design from the very beginning.
Correction for Bartoli et al., Whole-Genome Sequencing of 10 Pseudomonas syringae Strains Representing Different Host Range Spectra

Volume 3, no. 2, [e00379-15][1], 2015. Page 1: [Table 1][2] should appear as shown below. View this table: TABLE 1 Genome characteristics [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1128/genomeA.00379-15 [2]: #T1
Learning Approximate Distribution-Sensitive Data Structures

We model representations as data-structures which are distribution sensitive, i.e., which exploit regularities in their usage patterns to reduce time or space complexity. We introduce probabilistic axiomatic specifications to extend abstract data structures which specify a class of representations with equivalent logical behavior to a distribution-sensitive data structures. We reformulate synthesis of distribution-sensitive data structures as a continuous function approximation problem, such that the functions of a data-structure deep neural networks, such as a stack, queue, natural number, set, and binary tree.
Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean Cultivar Yields Compared with Sister Lines

Herbicide-resistant crops like glyphosate resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] are gaining acceptance in U.S. cropping systems. Comparisons from cultivar performance trials suggest a yield suppression may exist with GR soybean. Yield suppressions may result from either cultivar genetic differentials, the GR genelgene insertion process, or glyphosate. Grain yield of GR is probably not affected by glyphosate, Yield suppression due to the GR gene or its insertion process (GR effect) has not been reported. We conducted a field experiment at four Nebraska locations in 2 yr to evaluate the GR effect on soybean yield. Five backcross-derived pairs of GR and non-GR soybean sister lines were compared along with three high-yield, nonherbicide-resistant cultivars and five other herbicide-resistant cultivars. Glyphosate resistant sister lines yielded 5% (200 kg ha -1 ) less than the non-GR sisters (GR effect). Seed weight of the non-GR sisters was greater than that of the GR sisters (in 1999) and the non-GR sister lines were 20 mm shorter than the GR sisters. Other variables monitored were similar between the two cultivar groups. The high-yield, nonherbicide-resistant cultivars included for comparison yielded 5% more than the non-GR sisters and 10% more than the GR sisters.
A quadratic boundedness approach to adaptive simultaneous sensor and actuator fault estimation

The paper tackles the problem of designing a simultaneous actuator and sensor fault estimator with an adaptive threshold. In general, the work is focused on developing an adaptive estimation strategy with a quadratic boundedness approach. This method guarantees the convergence of the estimator under bounded disturbances. The main novelty lies in the simultaneous estimation of actuator and sensor faults, while these problems are usually treated separately. Another appealing advantage of the proposed approach is the fact that it provides a confidence interval of the state and faults, which supports diagnostic decisions. The final part of the paper portrays an illustrative example concerning laboratory DC motor, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
ExperimenTor: A Testbed for Safe and Realistic Tor Experimentation

Tor is one of the most widely-used privacy enhancing technologies for achieving online anonymity and resisting censorship. Simultaneously, Tor is also an evolving research network on which investigators perform experiments to improve the network's resilience to attacks and enhance its performance. Existing methods for studying Tor have included analytical modeling, simulations, small-scale network emulations, small-scale PlanetLab deployments, and measurement and analysis of the live Tor network. Despite the growing body of work concerning Tor, there is no widely accepted methodology for conducting Tor research in a manner that preserves realism while protecting live users' privacy. In an effort to propose a standard, rigorous experimental framework for conducting Tor research in a way that ensures safety and realism, we present the design of ExperimenTor, a large-scale Tor network emulation toolkit and testbed. We also report our early experiences with prototype testbeds currently deployed at four research institutions.
An Algebraic Framework for Physical OODB Design

Physical design for object-oriented databases is still in its infancy. Implementation decisions often intrude into the conceptual design (such as inverse links and object decomposition). Furthermore, query optimizers do not always take full advantage of physical design information. This paper proposes a formal framework for physical database design that automates the query translation process. In this framework, the physical database design is specified in a declarative manner. This specification is used for generating an efficient query transformer that translates logical queries into programs that manipulate the physical database. Alternative access paths to physical data are captured as simple rewrite rules that are used for generating alternative plans for a query.
A Novel Parallel QR Algorithm for Hybrid Distributed Memory HPC Systems

A novel variant of the parallel QR algorithm for solving dense nonsymmetric eigenvalue problems on hybrid distributed high performance computing systems is presented. For this purpose, we introduce the concept of multiwindow bulge chain chasing and parallelize aggressive early deflation. The multiwindow approach ensures that most computations when chasing chains of bulges are performed in level 3 BLAS operations, while the aim of aggressive early deflation is to speed up the convergence of the QR algorithm. Mixed MPI-OpenMP coding techniques are utilized for porting the codes to distributed memory platforms with multithreaded nodes, such as multicore processors. Numerous numerical experiments confirm the superior performance of our parallel QR algorithm in comparison with the existing ScaLAPACK code, leading to an implementation that is one to two orders of magnitude faster for sufficiently large problems, including a number of examples from applications.
Practical Second‐Order Correlation Power Analysis on the Message Blinding Method and Its Novel Countermeasure for RSA

Recently power attacks on RSA cryptosystems have been widely investigated, and various countermeasures have been proposed. One of the most efficient and secure countermeasures is the message blinding method, which includes the RSA derivative of the binary‐with‐random‐initial‐point algorithm on elliptical curve cryptosystems. It is known to be secure against first‐order differential power analysis (DPA); however, it is susceptible to second‐order DPA. Although second‐order DPA gives some solutions for defeating message blinding methods, this kind of attack still has the practical difficulty of how to find the points of interest, that is, the exact moments when intermediate values are being manipulated. In this paper, we propose a practical second‐order correlation power analysis (SOCPA). Our attack can easily find points of interest in a power trace and find the private key with a small number of power traces. We also propose an efficient countermeasure which is secure against the proposed SOCPA as well as existing power attacks.