Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE RATIONAL POINTS ON CUBIC SURFACES

It is shewn that, if N(P) be the number of solutions of the indeterminate equation ax^3+by^3+cz^3+dw^3 =0 \qquad (a,b,c,d \neq0) for which \vert x \vert,\vert y\vert, \vert z\vert, \vert w\vert \leq P, then N(P) = KP^2 + o(P^2), where, to within a term O(P),KP^2 is the contribution to N(P) corresponding to the rational lines in the projective surface defined by the equation. This proves a conjecture made by Heath-Brown, who has studied N(P) under the assumption of the Riemann Hypothesis for certain Hasse-Weil L-functions. The remainder term o(P^2) in the formula represents O(P^{ {4 \over 3}+ϵ}),O(P^ {{5 \over 3}+ϵ}), or O(P^{2}/^3 \sqrt{ \log P}) according as the surface contains three, one, or no rational lines.
Chemical Profile of Essential Oil, Extracts and Fractions of Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. and its Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Allelopathic Activities

: The chemical investigation of Eugenia pyriformis , popularly known as uvaia, led to the isolation of three compounds, the triterpene β -amiryn ( 1 ) and the porphyrin derivatives pheophytin a ( 2 ) and b ( 3 ). Their structures were assigned based on spectroscopic NMR analysis, as well as by comparison with literature data. Most of the compounds found in the essential oil from leaves are terpenes derivatives, such as ο - cymene; 1,8-cineol; linalol, terpinen-4-ol; 2-carene. Flavonoids, steroids and/or terpenoids, lactones, saponins, tannins and fixed acids were detected in both the leaf and stem crude extracts and fractions generated from the Brazilian E. pyriformis plant. According to the results of the DPPH assay, the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf extract showed higher antioxidant activity than the other samples tested. In the phosphomolybdenum complex assay, the crude ethanol extract of the leaf and stem, and the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf, showed a higher antioxidant capacity than rutin. It was observed that the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the leaf, and the hexane, ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic fractions of the stem were toxic to Artemia salina brine shrimp with LD 50 < 1.0 µg/mL. The hexane fraction of the stem was also allelopathic in inhibiting the radicle growth of Lactuca sativa seeds. These results adding contributions to chemical and biological studies of this medicinal species
Characterization of Serotype CD Mosaic Botulinum Neurotoxin in Comparison with Serotype C and A

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), produced by Clostridium botulinum, cleaves proteins involved in neurotransmitter release, thereby triggering flaccid paralyses, which are responsible for botulism. BoNT is classified into seven serotypes (BoNT/A-G); BoNT/A and BoNT/B are used as medical therapeutics and anti-wrinkle reagents. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of BoNT/CD, a mosaic toxin of BoNT/C and BoNT/D, to assess its potential as a therapeutic alternative for BoNT/A. In a cultured neuron assay, BoNT/CD cleaved syntaxin and SNAP-25 with higher efficacy than BoNT/C and BoNT/A. Intramuscularly administrated BoNT/CD induced dose-dependent muscle paralysis, and the paralysis lasted ~21 days in a mouse digit abduction score assay (BoNT/A-induced paralysis lasted ~30 days). BoNT/C failed to induce local paralysis without systemic toxicity. Multiple alignment analyses of the amino acid sequences of the receptor binding domain (HC) of eight BoNT/CDs and two BoNT/Ds showed sequence clustering in five groups. Comparing BoNT/CD strain 003-9 (BoNT/CD003-9) and strain 6813 (BoNT/CD6813) showed that both BoNT/CDs displayed similar efficacies in cultured neurons, but BoNT/CD003-9 displayed higher efficacy in a mouse model than BoNT/CD6813. These findings suggest that BoNT/CD may be a potential alternative for patients who do not respond to existing BoNT-based therapeutics.
The Carotenoid Diatoxanthin Modulates Inflammatory and Angiogenesis Pathways In Vitro in Prostate Cancer Cells

Xanthophylls, a group of carotenoids, have attracted attention as human health benefit compounds thanks to their functionality and bioavailability. The great antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities of diatoxanthin (Dt), a photoprotective xanthophyll synthetized by diatoms, were recently documented. This study investigates the capacity of Dt to intercept prostate cancer progression in vitro on different human cell lines, exploring its role against cancer proliferation and angiogenesis. Our results highlighted the chemopreventive role of Dt already at low concentration (44.1 pM) and suggest that the Dt-induced cancer cell death occurred through oxidative stress mechanisms. This hypothesis was supported by variations on the expression of key genes and proteins. Oxidative stress cell deaths (e.g., ferroptosis) are recently described types of cell death that are closely related to the pathophysiological processes of many diseases, such as tumors. Nonetheless, the interest of Dt was further strengthened by its ability to inhibit angiogenesis. The results are discussed considering the actual progress and requirements in cancer therapy, notably for prostate cancer.
Investigating the Feedback Path in a Jet-Surface Resonant Interaction

Abstract A resonant interaction between an 8:1 aspect ratio rectangular jet and flat-plates, placed parallel to the jet, is studied experimentally. For certain locations of the plate relative to the jet, the resonance takes place with a loud accompanying tone. The sound pressure level spectra are often marked by multiple peaks. The frequencies of the spectral peaks are studied as a function of the streamwise length of the plate, its relative location to the jet as well as the jet Mach number. It is demonstrated that the tones are not due to a simple feedback between the plate’s trailing edge and the nozzle’s exit; the leading edge of the plate also comes into play in the frequency selection. With parametric variation, it is found that there is an order in the most energetic spectral peaks; their frequencies cluster in distinct bands. The ‘fundamental’, i.e., the lowest frequency band is explained by an acoustic feedback involving diffraction at the plate’s leading edge. 1. Introduction
Forward self-similar solution with a moving singularity for a semilinear parabolicequation

We study the Cauchy problem for a parabolic partial differential equation with a power nonlinearity. It was shown in our previous paper that in some parameter range, the problem has a time-local solution with prescribed moving singularities. Our concern in this paper is the existence of a time-global solution. By using a perturbed Haraux-Weissler equation, it is shown that there exists a forward self-similar solution with a moving singularity. Using this result, we also obtain a sufficient condition for the global existence of solutions with a moving singularity.
Mycorrhizas in citrus : Beyond soil fertility and plant nutrition

Citrus, one of the important fruit trees grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, has less and shorter root hairs in the field, thus, highly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizas. Citrus rhizosphere inhabits 45 species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), belonging to seven genera like Acaulospora, Entrophospora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Pacispora, Sclerocystis and Scutellospora. These AMF can be associated with the roots for the formation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, who would enlarge the contacted areas of roots to soil and be regarded as a potential soil biofertilizer, thereby promoting citrus nutrients. In addition to the vital function, mycorrhizas in citrus display other roles in soils and plants. Most AMF species usually significantly increase plant growth and fruit quality of citrus plants, but occasionally inhibit or did not impact plant growth. The inoculation with AMF obviously improved root system architecture of citrus, thereby conferring greater ability of the host plant to obtain soil resources. Mycorrhizas can develop an extensive common mycorrhizal network to colonize neighbouring citrus or other plants for underground communication. AMF release a special glycoprotein, glomalin, into the soils, which can improve soil structure and contribute soil carbon pools, thus, providing better soil fertility and soil physical-chemical traits. Mycorrhizas enhance tolerance of citrus plants to drought stress, salt stress, high temperature but not low temperature, flooding, elevated [CO2], diseases, and insect pests in terms of various physiological and molecular approaches. Based on the mycorrhizal functionings, citrus production will consider mycorrhizal management of citrus orchard and new perspectives are also outlined.
Efficient Analysis of Mixed Hierarchical and Cross-Classified Random Structures Using a Multilevel Model

An efficient and straightforward procedure is described for specifying and estimating parameters of general mixed models which contain both hierarchical and crossed random factors. This is done using a model formulated for purely hierarchically structured data and generalizes the results of Raudenbush (1993). The exposition is for the continuous response linear model with natural extensions to generalized linear, nonlinear, and multivariate models.
MRI-Based Radiomics Combined with Deep Learning for Distinguishing IDH-Mutant WHO Grade 4 Astrocytomas from IDH-Wild-Type Glioblastomas

Simple Summary To differentiate IDH-mutant grade 4 astrocytomas from IDH-wild-type glioblastomas, two MRI sequences (post-contrast T1 and T2-FLAIR) were acquired from 57 patients. The images were resliced, resampled, and realigned. In the next step, tumors were segmented semi-automatically into subregions including whole tumor, edema region, core tumor, enhancing region, and necrotic region. A total of 105 radiomic features were extracted from each subregion. The data were divided randomly into training and testing sets. A deep learning-based data augmentation method (CTGAN) was implemented to synthesize 200 datasets. A total of 18 classifiers were used to distinguish two genotypes of grade 4 astrocytomas. The best discriminatory power was obtained from core tumor regions overlaid on post-contrast T1 using the K-best feature selection algorithm and a Gaussian naïve Bayes classifier. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the potential of quantitative radiomic data extracted from conventional MR images in discriminating IDH-mutant grade 4 astrocytomas from IDH-wild-type glioblastomas (GBMs). A cohort of 57 treatment-naïve patients with IDH-mutant grade 4 astrocytomas (n = 23) and IDH-wild-type GBMs (n = 34) underwent anatomical imaging on a 3T MR system with standard parameters. Post-contrast T1-weighted and T2-FLAIR images were co-registered. A semi-automatic segmentation approach was used to generate regions of interest (ROIs) from different tissue components of neoplasms. A total of 1050 radiomic features were extracted from each image. The data were split randomly into training and testing sets. A deep learning-based data augmentation method (CTGAN) was implemented to synthesize 200 datasets from the training sets. A total of 18 classifiers were used to distinguish two genotypes of grade 4 astrocytomas. From generated data using 80% training set, the best discriminatory power was obtained from core tumor regions overlaid on post-contrast T1 using the K-best feature selection algorithm and a Gaussian naïve Bayes classifier (AUC = 0.93, accuracy = 0.92, sensitivity = 1, specificity = 0.86, PR_AUC = 0.92). Similarly, high diagnostic performances were obtained from original and generated data using 50% and 30% training sets. Our findings suggest that conventional MR imaging-based radiomic features combined with machine/deep learning methods may be valuable in discriminating IDH-mutant grade 4 astrocytomas from IDH-wild-type GBMs.
Photothermal formation and targeted positioning of bubbles by a fiber taper

A fiber taper-based method is proposed for formation and targeted positioning of bubbles in water. By launching a laser of 1.55-μm wavelength with an optical power of over 20 mW into the fiber taper, a microbubble was formed at the taper tip. The mechanism of growth and decay of the microbubble was discussed. With the assistance of a moveable bare fiber, a train of bubbles with controllable diameters from 10 to 600 μm was formed and transported by the moveable fiber. Alternatively, by only moving the fiber taper, the formed bubbles can be easily positioned at targeted positions.
Evidence of Posteruption Reconnection Associated with Coronal Mass Ejections in the Solar Wind

Using a coupled 2.5-dimensional, time-dependent MHD model of the solar corona and inner heliosphere, we have simulated the eruption and evolution of a coronal mass ejection containing a flux rope all the way from the Sun to 1 AU. Although idealized, we find that the simulation reproduces many generic features of magnetic clouds. In this paper we report on a new, intriguing aspect of these comparisons. Specifically, the results suggest that jetted outflow, driven by posteruptive reconnection underneath the flux rope, occurs and may remain intact out to 1 AU and beyond. We present an example of a magnetic cloud with precisely these signatures and show that the velocity perturbations are consistent with reconnection outflow. We suggest that other velocity and/or density enhancements observed trailing magnetic clouds may be signatures of such reconnection and, in some cases, may not be associated with prominence material, as has previously been suggested.
Testing for Gaussianity and Linearity of a Stationary Time Series.

Abstract. Stable autoregressive (AR) and autoregressive moving average (ARMA) processes belong to the class of stationary linear time series. A linear time series {} is Gaussian if the distribution of the independent innovations {e(t)} is normal. Assuming that Ee(t) = 0, some of the third‐order cumulants cxxx=Ex(t)x(t+m)x(t+n) will be non‐zero if the e(t) are not normal and Ee3(t)≠O. If the relationship between {x(t)} and {e(t)} is non‐linear, then {x(t)} is non‐Gaussian even if the e(t) are normal. This paper presents a simple estimator of the bispectrum, the Fourier transform of {cxxx(m, n)}. This sample bispectrum is used to construct a statistic to test whether the bispectrum of {x(t)} is non‐zero. A rejection of the null hypothesis implies a rejection of the hypothesis that {x(t)} is Gaussian. Another test statistic is presented for testing the hypothesis that {x(t)} is linear. The asymptotic properties of the sample bispectrum are incorporated in these test statistics. The tests are consistent as the sample size N→‐∞
New genera and species of parachoristids (Insecta: Mecoptera) from the Tongchuan entomofauna of Shaanxi Province, northwestern China

Abstract Parachoristidae, one of the most characteristic mecopteran families of the late Permian and Triassic, is widely distributed throughout the world, but only one species has been described from China thus far. Two new genera and three new species of Parachoristidae are here described and illustrated from the late Middle Triassic Tongchuan entomofauna: Sinoparachorista rara gen. et sp. nov., Virgulaparachorista tongchuanensis gen. et sp. nov., and V. elegans gen. et sp. nov. These two new genera can be placed in Parachoristidae unambiguously based on the presence of a two-branched Sc with rounded fork, pectinate Rs, M with at least six branches, and M2 with two branches. The new discovery enriches the palaeodiversity of parachoristids in the Triassic of China and considerably expands the known morphological disparity of wing venation in Parachoristidae. Xinneng Lian [xnlian@nigpas.ac. cn ], Chenyang Cai [cycai@nigpas.ac. cn ] and Diying Huang [dyhuang@nigpas.ac. cn ], State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
Assessing the impact of filler properties, moisture, and aging regarding fatigue resistance of asphalt mastic

ABSTRACT Asphalt mastic (bitumen + filler) plays an essential role in the fatigue performance of asphalt pavements. The time sweep test is one of the bestknown test methods for assessing fatigue performance, but fracture initiation in the specimen and the high stiffness of the mastic may bias results. These problems can be avoided with a hyperbolic specimen, but this test geometry is still largely unexplored. Therefore, 20 different asphalt mastic mixes were tested with the dynamic shear rheometer and hyperbolic specimen shape to identify the impact of various fillers and their properties, moisture, and aging on fatigue performance. These results were compared with the findings in the literature to investigate the applicability of this novel test method. Thus, a correlation could be derived between the fractional void and the fatigue performance of asphalt mastic. As also described in the literature, moist filler or water stored mastic reduce fatigue performance.
Exact propagator for a time−dependent harmonic oscillator with and without a singular perturbation

By using Feynman’s definition of a path integral, exact propagators for a time−dependent harmonic oscillator with and without an inverse quadratic potential have been evaluated. It is shown that these propagators depend only on the solutions of the classical unperturbed oscillator. The relations between these propagators, the invariants, and the Schrodinger equation are also discussed.
Effectiveness of Aircraft Inter-Arrival Control in Upstream Traffic Flow via a Combined Tandem Fluid Queue Model and Integer Programming Approach

Conventionally, several studies indicated that controlling aircraft arrival time in the en-route airspace mitigates arrival aircraft congestion in the terminal airspace. Further research is required to clarify how to leverage this idea to design an air traffic management system, a so-called Extended Arrival MANager (E-AMAN), to reduce the arrival traffic flow while assisting air traffic controllers and boosting their effectiveness quantitatively. Under these circumstances, this research proposed aircraft inter-arrival time control within the en-route airspace and clarified its effectiveness in reducing arrival delay based on mathematical modeling and simulation evaluations. In this paper, we developed the $G_{t}/GI/s_{t}+GI$ tandem fluid model to analyze the time-varying delay time of flights in both en-route and terminal airspace and demonstrated the effect of inter-arrival time control in the upstream arrival traffic flow in the en-route airspace, combining the model with the nonlinear integer programming problem. The calculation results for 3,074 aircraft over 21 days, arriving at Tokyo International Airport between 17:00 and 22:00, show the possibility for the control to reduce the mean and maximum delay time for flights by 18.8% (5.0 s) and 16.5% (37.6 s) on average within the en-route airspace. Moreover, fast-time simulation by AirTOP is conducted to validate the control, revealing the scope to reduce mean and maximum delay times in the terminal airspace by 11.5% (36.5 s) and 19.2% (148.8 s) on average.
Is Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency a Risk Factor for Autoimmune Thyroid Disease? A Retrospective Case–Control Study

Background: The risk of developing thyroid disorders (TDs) in subjects with inherited glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the association between autoimmune (AITD) and G6PD deficiency in Northern Sardinia, in a population with a high frequency of these two conditions. Methods: In this retrospective single-center case–control study, demographic and clinical data were collected from patients examined in a tertiary referral Gastroenterology Section of a teaching hospital. Results: In 8894 subjects examined (64.7% females), 1218 patients were diagnosed with TDs; more specifically, 767 were diagnosed with AITD and 451 were not (non-AITD). Overall, G6PD deficiency was more prevalent in TD patients compared with patients without TD (controls) (16.7% vs. 11.2%; p < 0.0001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis (after adjusting for age, sex, excess weight and smoking habits), confirmed a higher risk of AITD among G6PD deficient patients with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.36 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.11–1.6, female patients (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.07–1.65) and overweight patients (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03–1.44). Conclusions: The risk of AITD is increased in carriers of G6PD deficiency. A careful assessment of thyroid function is advisable in patients with inherited G6PD defects.
Threshold gain and threshold current analysis of circular grating DFB and DBR lasers

A TE-cylindrical wave threshold gain and threshold current analysis is presented for circular grating distributed feedback (CG-DFB) and circular grating distributed-Bragg-reflector (CG-DBR) lasers. Mode properties of CG-DFB/DBR lasers are discussed. It is found that the threshold gain, threshold current density and threshold current of CG-DBR lasers can be much lower than those of CG-DFB lasers. >
Computer-aided assessment questions in engineering mathematics using MapleTA ®

The use of MapleTA® in the assessment of engineering mathematics at Liverpool John Moores University (JMU) is discussed with particular reference to the design of questions. Key aspects in the formulation and coding of questions are considered. Problems associated with the submission of symbolic answers, the use of randomly generated numbers in questions and the strategy of setting policies are all discussed. Some examples of questions are then given for illustration purposes. Discussion of peripheral aspects of the implementation of MapleTA® in assessment is also presented.
Does Bad Medical News Reduce Preferences for Generic Drugs?

Policy makers and insurers promote the use of generic drugs because they can deliver large savings without sacrificing quality. But these efforts meet resistance from the public, who perceive generic drugs as inferior substitutes for brand name counterparts. Building on literature showing that negative emotions reduce risk-taking, the authors hypothesize that receiving bad medical news (i.e., negative information about one’s health) prompts patients to favor brand name over generic drugs as means to safeguard their health. The evidence exploits low-density lipoprotein cholesterol test results, where a discontinuity from clinical guidelines enables the authors to estimate the causal effect of bad medical news. Using data covering patients’ prescription drug choices across drug classes, the authors find that patients receiving bad medical news become 8% more likely to choose the brand name alternative. The findings are reinforced by a secondary analysis incorporating the similar context of hemoglobin A1c (blood sugar) testing. The authors also find that bad medical news reduces preferences for generics most strongly among drugs of direct clinical relevance for each test, but the effect also manifests among non–clinically relevant drugs.