Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role Performance in Goat Farming Activities in Southern Zone of India: A Gender Perspective

The present study was conducted to study the role performance in goat farming activities in Tamil Nadu. The data were collected personally from 120 goat owning farm families with the help of structured interview schedule developed for the study. In goat farming, independent participation of women was noticed in the practices of colostrum feeding, grazing of animals, collection and disposal of pellets, feeding, watering, care of pregnant animals, care at kidding time, providing special feed to kidded animals and cleaning of pens. Joint participation with the spouse, however was found in the activities like cleaning and grooming of animals, chaffing of fodder, care of young one immediately after birth, providing special feed and medicine to sick and deworming of animals. Males were more involved in health care, decision making and marketing related activities. It was concluded that goat keeping was an integral part of livelihood of rural families. Rural women were the active workers in most of the indoor activities of goat farming whereas males were engaged more in outdoor activities. Both men and women were managing the activities of goat farming. Thus they may be encouraged to take goat farming as entrepreneurial activity for better earning and sustainable livelihood.
A revision of the Chrysobothris femorata (Olivier, 1790) species group from North America, north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

The Chrysobothris femorata (Olivier, 1790) species group is currently comprised of five species from North American localities north of Mexico. One previously described and synonymized species, C. quadriimpressa Gory & Laporte, 1837 is resurrected. In addition, neotypes are designated for C. femorata , C. rugosiceps Melsheimer, 1845 and C. viridiceps Melsheimer, 1845 as the type specimen for each of these species is lost. A key is included to facilitate identification of the 12 species, 11 of which have deciduous trees as hosts and one species from woody goldenrod, Chrysoma pauciflosculosa (Michx.). Six new species of Chrysobothris are described herein: C. mescalero, C. seminole, C. wintu, C. comanche, C. caddo, and C. shawnee . The new species are each fully described and the elytra, male genitalia, and female pygidium (8 th abdominal tergite) of all species are illustrated.
White matter fiber microstructure is associated with prior hospitalizations rather than acute symptomatology in major depressive disorder

Abstract Background Eighty percent of all patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) relapse at least once in their lifetime. Thus, understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of the course of MDD is of utmost importance. A detrimental course of illness in MDD was most consistently associated with superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) fiber integrity. As similar associations were, however, found between SLF fiber integrity and acute symptomatology, this study attempts to disentangle associations attributed to current depression from long-term course of illness. Methods A total of 531 patients suffering from acute (N = 250) or remitted (N = 281) MDD from the FOR2107-cohort were analyzed in this cross-sectional study using tract-based spatial statistics for diffusion tensor imaging. First, the effects of disease state (acute v. remitted), current symptom severity (BDI-score) and course of illness (number of hospitalizations) on fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity were analyzed separately. Second, disease state and BDI-scores were analyzed in conjunction with the number of hospitalizations to disentangle their effects. Results Disease state (pFWE < 0.042) and number of hospitalizations (pFWE < 0.032) were associated with decreased FA and increased MD and RD in the bilateral SLF. A trend was found for the BDI-score (pFWE > 0.067). When analyzed simultaneously only the effect of course of illness remained significant (pFWE < 0.040) mapping to the right SLF. Conclusions Decreased FA and increased MD and RD values in the SLF are associated with more hospitalizations when controlling for current psychopathology. SLF fiber integrity could reflect cumulative illness burden at a neurobiological level and should be targeted in future longitudinal analyses.
Income inequality and child welfare interventions in England and Wales

Background Previous research has identified a relationship between income inequality and child abuse and neglect in the USA. This association has received limited exploration outside the USA. Methods Administrative data on child protection (CP) in 172 English and Welsh local authorities between 2013 and 2018 were combined with data on deprivation, ethnic density and education from publicly available data sources. Commercial income data were used for Gini coefficient estimation. We tested whether similar evidence for three key findings from a US study could be found in England and Wales. These included whether there was evidence of a relationship between income inequality and child maltreatment, whether this relationship was non-linear and whether this relationship varied dependent on the level of poverty. Results There was a significant non-linear relationship between income inequality and state care rates in England and Wales. Predicted state care rates were higher as income inequality increased, up until around average levels where the effect flattens. However, there was no significant relationship for models predicting CP plan/register rates. Income inequality, income deprivation, ethnic density and higher education were able to explain around 75% of the variance in English and Welsh state care rates. Conclusions There is some evidence to support the claim of a relationship between income inequality and child maltreatment beyond the USA in England and Wales, and a case for further comparative research, but there are significant limitations in the comparability of data.
Comparison of RigiScan and penile color duplex ultrasound in evaluation of erectile dysfunction.

BACKGROUND Whether RigiScan could distinguish psychogenic from organic erectile dysfunction (ED) is still a matter of controversy. So this study was aimed to investigate the function of RigiScan in the diagnosis of ED, and compare it with that of pharmacopenile color doppler ultrasonography (PCDU). METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study. All patients should be performed IIEF-5 questionnaire, blood test, RigiScan, PCDU, Neurophysiological tests. Golden standard: one patient was diagnosed as organic ED when any of the following tests was abnormal, including sex hormone, PCDU and neurological tests. Student t test, Kappa test and ROC analyses was used to analyze the difference between RigiScan and PCDU. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0 and EmpowerStats software. RESULTS According to the standard: 70 patients (35.4%) were detected abnormal responses to intracavernous injection in PCDU and normal responses in 128 cases (64.6%). RigiScan had a significant but weak positive correlation with PCDU test (kappa value =0.361, P<0.01). In the ROC analyses, RigiScan was better in sensitivity (0.8603 vs. 0.5147). In the patients revealed organic lesions by RigiScan, 61 of 119 (51.3%) patients were detected abnormal responses by PCDU. CONCLUSIONS RigiScan was the preferential choice in distinguishing psychogenic ED from organic ED. PCDU could not replace RigiScan by now. But PCDU was the preferential choice in ED with vascular lesions.
Characterization of cachexia in the human fibrosarcoma HT‐1080 mouse tumour model

Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic disease with unmet medical need. Although many rodent models are available, none are identical to the human disease. Therefore, the development of new preclinical models that simulate some of the physiological, biochemical, and clinical characteristics of the human disease is valuable. The HT‐1080 human fibrosarcoma tumour cell line was reported to induce cachexia in mice. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to determine how well the HT‐1080 tumour model could recapitulate human cachexia and to examine its technical performance. Furthermore, the efficacy of ghrelin receptor activation via anamorelin treatment was evaluated, because it is one of few clinically validated mechanisms.
SYSTEM-DEPENDENT METABOLISM OF DRUGS BY CYTOCHROME P450: THE MECHANISTIC BASIS FOR WHY HUMAN LIVER MICROSOMES ARE SUPERIOR TO HUMAN HEPATOCYTES AT METABOLIZING MIDAZOLAM BUT INFERIOR AT METABOLIZING DESLORATADINE

In the pharmaceutical industry, pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) and pooled cryopreserved human hepatocytes (CHH) are the most commonly used test systems to measure the in vitro metabolic intrinsic clearance (CLint) of investigational new drugs in order to identify drug candidates with favorable pharmacokinetic properties such as oncea-day dosing and low oral dose. However, both HLM and CHH have been shown to underpredict the in vivo clearance of drugs. For drugs whose clearance is predominantly determined by P450 enzymes, metabolic clearance in CHH would be expected to equal that in HLM even if both test systems underpredicted (or overpredicted) in vivo clearance. Curiously, in the case of drugs with high intrinsic clearance (CLint), CHH underpredict in vivo clearance to a greater extent than HLM. Such system-dependent clearance has been reported for midazolam, a high CLint drug that is the most widely used CYP3A4/5 substrate for both the in vitro and in vivo assessment of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Previous investigators have proposed that the system-dependent clearance of midazolam is due to permeabilityor cofactor-restricted clearance in CHH (i.e., clearance in hepatocytes is limited by membrane permeability or the availability of NADPH). The objective of this dissertation research was to determine the mechanism underlying the system-dependent clearance of midazolam. Studies of midazolam clearance in HLM and CHH confirmed previous reports that midazolam clearance is almost an order of magnitude lower in CHH than HLM, a system-dependent difference that was much more pronounced than with other CYP3A4/5 substrates (namely alfentanil, nifedipine and verapamil). In vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) of clearance established that HLM accurately predicted the in vivo clearance of midazolam whereas CHH underpredicted
Biosimilars in inflammatory bowel disease

The advent of biologics has changed outcomes in many chronic conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Biologics have been used for the induction and remission of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease for almost two decades and are effective in patients who used to fail conventional treatment with steroids, immunomodulators. The use of biologics in the treatment of IBD has increased over the last few years, partly due to the rise in its incidence and the use of biologics as a first‐line treatment in severe disease as well as in complicated diseases like penetrating/fistulating Crohn's disease. However, their use is associated with a significant burden to the society with respect to healthcare costs, resulting in the premature discontinuation of therapy in some patients, leading to exacerbations and complications. The introduction of biosimilars a decade ago seems to be a promising approach to reducing the costs related to therapy. Since their introduction, numerous studies conducted in adults and some in children show the efficacy of biosimilars with a similar side‐effect profile to biologics. This review discusses the history of biosimilars in the treatment of IBD, enumerates several such studies and discusses the possibility of using biosimilars in the future.
Quantifying the Gains from Trade Across Countries with Consumer Heterogeneity

The workhorse consumer utility model in international trade literature assumes constant elasticity of substitution (CES). The CES assumption, estimates the consumer welfare change by a representative consumer. However the majority consumer groups who are represented by the representative consumer di¤er across countries such that the bias in the welfare gains in the CES framework di¤ers across countries as well. I connect the CES bias with income distribution to illustrate that comparing welfare gains from international trade by the CES assumption across countries will signi cantly underestimate the welfare gains di¤erences between developed and developing countries. (PRELIMINARY AND NOT FOR CITATION)
Can We Diagnose a Patient’s Caries Activity Based on Lesion Activity Assessment? Findings from a Cohort Study

This cohort study evaluated the fate of sound surfaces and inactive non-cavitated (INC) and active non-cavitated (ANC) caries lesions in a population-based sample of South Brazilian adolescents, in answer to the question: “Is lesion activity assessment a reliable criterion to diagnose a patient’s caries activity? ” A total of 801 schoolchildren were examined at baseline (aged 12 years) and after a mean time interval of 2.5 years. Data collection included a questionnaire and clinical examination. Patients were classified as caries-free (patients without any lesion), caries-inactive (patients with only inactive lesions), and caries-active (patients with at least one active lesion). The primary outcome was caries progression (presence of cavity, underlying dentin shadow, filling, or extraction at the follow-up exam). Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the risk for caries progression. The main predictor variable was status of the surface at baseline: sound, INC, or ANC. Progression rates of 1.0, 9.0, and 12.6% were found for sound surfaces, INC, and ANC, respectively. INC (incidence risk ratio [IRR] 5.37, 95% CI 4.22–6.83) and ANC (IRR 4.96, 95% CI 3.43–7.17) had greater risk for caries progression than sound surfaces. Similar risks for progression were found for ANC and INC (IRR 0.92, 95% CI 0.64–1.32). Progression rates were 0.6, 1.1, and 2.2% for caries-free, caries-inactive, and caries-active individuals, respectively (p < 0.05). The risk for caries progression of sound surfaces was higher among caries-active adolescents (caries-free: IRR 2.78, 95% CI 1.63–4.72; caries-inactive: IRR 2.19, 95% CI 1.65–2.90). Caries-inactive patients behaved similarly to caries-free individuals (IRR 1.27, 95% CI 0.73–2.20). This study demonstrated the possibility of defining a patient’s caries activity profile based on lesion features.
Clinical significance of spleen stiffness in patients with acute decompensated heart failure

Congestive splenomegaly is a classic sign of organ congestion in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Shear wave elastography (SWE) allows the measurement of spleen stiffness (SS). We hypothesized that SS could quantify the severity of splenic congestion and predict adverse events in ADHF.
Urease de Helicobacter pylori : ativação de plaquetas e neutrófilos

The bacterium Helicobacter pylori causes peptic ulcers and gastric cancer in human beings by mechanisms yet not fully understood. H. pylori produces urease which neutralizes the acidic medium permitting its survival in the stomach. We have previously shown that ureases from jackbean, soybean or Bacillus pasteurii induce blood platelet aggregation independently of their enzyme activity by a pathway requiring platelet secretion, activation of calcium channels and lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids. We investigated whether H. pylori urease displays platelet-activating properties and defined biochemical pathways involved in this phenomenon. For that the effects of purified recombinant H. pylori urease (HPU) added to rabbit platelets were assessed turbidimetrically. ATP secretion and production of lipoxygenase metabolites by activated platelets were measured. Fluorescein-labelled HPU bound to platelets but not to erythrocytes. HPU induced aggregation of rabbit platelets (ED50 0.28 M) accompanied by ATP secretion. No correlation was found between platelet activation and ureolytic activity of HPU. Platelet aggregation was blocked by esculetin (12-lipoxygenase inhibitor) and enhanced ~3-fold by indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor). A metabolite of 12-lipoxygenase was produced by platelets exposed to HPU. Platelet responses to HPU did not involve platelet-activating factor, but required activation of verapamil-inhibitable calcium channels. Our data show that purified H. pylori urease activates blood platelets at submicromolar concentrations. This property seems to be common to ureases regardless of their source (plant or bacteria) or quaternary structure (single, dior tri-chain proteins). These properties of HPU could play an important role in pathogenesis of gastrointestinal and associated cardiovascular diseases caused by H. pylori.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. An overwiew

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in China in December 2019 and has since spread worldwide. People with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) have reduced survival mainly because of respiratory failure due to chronic pulmonary infections. Therefore, CF patients should be considered to have an increased risk of developing severe manifestations in case of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Surprisingly, the results of recent studies concerning SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with CF show that in these patients the infection rate was lower than that of the general population. Various factors have been considered to explain a possible protective effect of CF against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The evaluation of hepatoprotective effects of flavonoids from Scorzonera austriaca Wild against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in vitro and in vivo

Abstract Scorzonera austriaca Wild is a traditional herbal medicine; however, little is known with regard to the effect of flavonoids from S. austriaca (FSA) on liver injury induced by Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), especially the mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, our paper was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of FSA against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in vitro and in vivo, with focus on its potential mechanism. The purity of FSA prepared by using polyporous resin column chromatography could reach 94.5%, and seven flavonoid compounds in FSA were identified by using LC-ESI-MS analysis. In vivo results showed that FSA markedly decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) and increased the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro results confirmed that FSA could inhibit inflammatory response, as evidenced by decreasing the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) through inactivating toll-like receptor-4/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway. FSA activated autophagy by increasing the ratio of LC3B-II/I and decreasing the protein level of p62 so as to exert its hepatoprotective effect. In general, these evidences suggested that FSA is likely to serve as a potential material for the drugs against chemical hepatic injury.
Follow-up of Acute Respiratory Disorders in Cyclists Competing in the 100th Giro d’Italia

Abstract Acute respiratory disorder is a common sub-clinical condition affecting elite cyclists. Monitoring the perturbations of the immunological cells in the respiratory tract, indicative of a likely proinflammatory state, during an International Cycling Union world tour is a challenging task. The aim of this study was to follow up on the sign and symptoms of upper way respiratory infections with or without asthma, using non-invasive methods, during a 21-day race (100° Giro d’Italia, 2017). Nine male elite cyclists of the Bahrain Merida Team were evaluated before the training season and daily during the race. Clinical history, skin prick and spirometric test, acute respiratory symptoms were measured using validated questionnaires, and values of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide were collected longitudinally. Four of the 9 athletes had allergies with/or consistent abnormal spirometric curves before the race. During the race, 5 athletes had a fraction of exhaled nitric oxide values >20 ppb which correlated with respiratory symptoms collected through questionnaires. These were related to the environmental characteristics of the places travelled through in the race. The athletes with a predisposition to chronic respiratory inflammation in the pre-competitive season were more likely to develop acute respiratory symptoms during the race.
Flexibility and Productivity Heterogeneity of Multiproduct Exporters

We document three stylized facts for Chinese exporters that challenge the traditional models of multiproduct firms in which productivity is the only determinant of firm’s sales and scope. First, firm-destination specific shocks explain more than 50% of the variation in scope across firms and destinations. Second, there is a disconnect between sales and scope across firms within a destination: for any level of sales, there are several single product firms and few wide-scope firms. Third, the scope of exporters conditional on sales depends on measurable characteristics of firms, such as capital intensity and R&D expenditures. We rationalize the three stylized facts in a model featuring firm heterogeneity in productivity and in flexibility, namely the ability to introduce new varieties in a destination at low costs. Heterogeneity in firm’s flexibility explains more than 20% of the total variation in scope across firms and destinations.
Loneliness and its concomitants among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

We hypothesized that loneliness would be highest among the oldest, those having medical conditions, more negative and less positive VoA, reduced interaction, and low activity engagement The sample included 295 older adults (mean age = 75 73, range 60-94, 68 5% women) located across Israel between April 23 and June 17, 2020, through contact lists provided by organizations related to older adults, and interviewed face-toface, by phone, or requested to complete a webbased questionnaire when possible after providing informed consent to procedures approved by the ethics committee in Bar-Ilan University Our findings should be assessed in light of the study limitations: a convenience sample examined in a cross-sectional design without prepandemic measurement With that said, we included a wide range of variables and interviewed individuals with limited access to or literacy in digital resources (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)