Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity of fungi associated with mangrove legume Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight (Fabaceae)

Abstract Sesbania bispinosa is one of the naturally growing seasonal wild legumes in coastal habitats of southwest India having highpotential as cover crop, mulch, green manure and forage for livestock. Fungal assemblage and diversity in surface sterilized a ndunsterilized tissues (root, stem, leaf, pod and seed) of Sesbania bispinosa growing in the mangrove habitat of River Nethravathi,Southwest coast of India has been investigated. The surface sterilized tissues yielded 25 endophytic fungi with a highest of 14 species in roots. Aspergillus niger was the mostdominant endophytic fungus in all tissues (mean: 32.6%). Among the three endophytic fungi confined to roots, Dactylosporahaliotrepha was a typical mangrove fungus. Four endophytic Aspergillus spp. were confined only to seeds. The endophytic fungaldiversity was highest in roots than other tissues. The similarity of endophytic fungi ranged between 16% (roots vs. pods) and 7 2%(stem vs. pods). Among the 40 fungi recorded in unsterilized tissues, a highest of 22 species was associated with leaves.
The evolution of insect flight

Introduction PART I: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF INSECT FLIGHT 1. Structure of the wing apparatus 2. Mode of action of the wing apparatus 3. The aerodynamics of insect flight 4. Flight and behaviour PART II THE EVOLUTION OF INSECT FLIGHT 5. The origins of flight and wings in insects 6. Early forms of flight 7. Flight based in hindwings 8. From functionally four-winged to functionally two-winged flight 9. Progress in insect flight 10. Looking into the past: the process of evolution, and insect wing apparatus Postscriptum References Index
ROLES OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND CYSTEINE IN ALLEVIATION OF NICKEL-INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGES IN WHEAT SEEDLING -

The role of exogenous cysteine (cys) and hydrogen sulfide (supplied as sodium hydrosulfide, NaHS) in the amelioration of Ni toxicity in wheat plants was evaluated in a hydroponic culture system. Exposure of wheat plants to 100 and 200 μM Ni inhibited biomass production, decreased chlorophyll concentration and intensively increased accumulation of Ni in both roots and leaves. Concomitantly, Ni enhanced H2O2 formation, lipid peroxidation (as indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) while it decreased the contents of cellular ascorbate and glutathione. Exogenous application of 2 mM NaHS and 50 µM cys separately to Ni solution significantly improved wheat growth but had a slight effect on the reversal of chlorophyll loss caused by Ni stress. NaHS significantly decreased the Ni accumulation in both studied wheat organs whereas cys has a slight effect. Application of NaHS and cys alleviated the oxidative damages as evidenced by the lowered hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdhyde (MDA) contents. Exogenous sulpher, particularly NaHS, induced increases in the activities of CAT and GPX and the contents of cellular ascorbate and glutathione which was accompanied by a significant reduction in SOD, APX and GR activities in the in both wheat organs. These results reveal the potentiating effect of NaHS and cys in regulating Ni- induced oxidative stress in wheat plants.
Temperature modulation and the presence of C20 fatty acids in mono‐ and digalactosyldiacylglycerol of Euglena gracilis and Lepocinclis acus: A modern interpretation of euglenid galactolipids using positive‐ion electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry

Mono‐ and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG, respectively) are important galactolipids that comprise photosynthetic membranes in almost all photosynthetic organisms. Intact forms of MGDG and DGDG of Euglena gracilis and Lepocinclis acus, two example euglenids with secondary plastids of green algal origin, were elucidated with fatty acid regiochemistry via positive‐ion electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry at two growth temperatures. At 20°C, E. gracilis and L. acus produced predominantly 18:3/16:4 (sn‐1/sn‐2) MGDG, whereas at 30°C this was supplanted by 18:2/16:2 MGDG. At both temperatures were also observed a variety of other MGDG and DGDG forms, including C20 fatty acid‐containing forms not expected in a green algal‐derived plastid. In addition to providing structural details of MGDG and DGDG not available in past studies, these results suggest a previously unknown relationship between these two organisms and the red algae. This study also illustrates that temperature modulation of galactolipids occurs via modification of unsaturation of both the sn‐1 and sn‐2 fatty acids; this is fundamentally different from previously published studies from our laboratory on other algal classes.
The Proline-Rich Sequence of CD3ε as an Amplifier of Low-Avidity TCR Signaling1

Engagement of peptide-MHC by the TCR induces a conformational change in CD3ε that exposes a proline-rich sequence (PRS) and recruits the cytoskeletal adaptor Nck. This event, which precedes phosphorylation of the CD3ε ITAM, has been implicated in synapse formation and T cell function. However, there is compelling evidence that responsiveness to TCR ligation is CD3ε PRS independent. In this study, we show that the CD3ε PRS is necessary for peptide-MHC-induced phosphorylation of CD3ε and for recruitment of protein kinase Cθ to the immune synapse in differentiated CD8+ T lymphocytes. However, whereas these two events are dispensable for functional T cell responsiveness to high-avidity ligands, they are required for responsiveness to low-avidity ones. Thus, in at least certain T cell clonotypes, the CD3ε PRS amplifies weak TCR signals by promoting synapse formation and CD3ε phosphorylation.
Pathway to Autism Spectrum Disorders: Finding Patterns of Common Genetic Variation Underlying the Complex Disorder

of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Margaret A. Pericak-Vance No. of pages in text. (123) The field of genetics has witnessed a tremendous increase in the amount of information in the past decade resulting from genotyping and resequencing technologies. There has been an explosion in the development, application and optimization of statistical and computational methods to analyze these data. In particular, genome-wide scanning of common or rare genetic variants and their associations to a phenotypic trait has been successfully applied in several studies. For complex diseases such as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), however, interrogating single locus associations by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has been unable to unambiguously identify disorder causing genes. In this dissertation, an analysis was conducted on one of the largest known collections of family-based ASD GWAS datasets. Subsequently, in order to exploit the fullest potential of such datasets, a novel pathway analysis method specifically empowered to handle family-based GWAS datasets was developed and tested. Finally, data reduction methods employing classification and clustering algorithms were tested and proposed as a useful supplement to improve our understanding of the complex genetic and phenotypic architecture of an incredibly heterogeneous disorder, ASD.
Technological, physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of traditionally fermented sausages in Mediterranean and central European countries*

A b s t r a c t: The authors presented the microbiological and chemical data of traditionally ripened dry sausages in different countries. The differences in composition, size and fermentation-ripening process were determined among the produced fermented sausages in the 6 countries. The physicochemical changes that occurred are summarized in terms of: decrease of pH-value, decrease of aw and increase of NaCl content. The microbiological analyses involved pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms as well as other bacteria. The isolated lactic acid bacteria were identified and compared by traditional and molecular-biological methods. Molecular genetic techniques showed good reproducibility and gave reliable results in doubtful cases, too. The API Staph identification system gave reliable results for staphylococci yet micrococci could be identified only with the traditional key.
Proteolytic profiling with imaging agents for rational design of target-activated peptide prodrugs

xvii CHAPTER 1 Enzyme-activated prodrugs as a strategy to improve drug delivery . 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Prodrugs to improve oral absorption 2 1.2. 1 Amino acid and peptide-prodrugs of antiviral compounds 2 1.3 Targeted prodrugs for tumor-specific delivery 5 1.3. 1 Protease-activated prodrugs in cancer therapy 7 1.4 Imaging prodrug activation 12 1.4. 1 Magnetic resonance imaging 13 1.4. 2 Fluorescence imaging 14 1.5 Conclusions 17
Efeito da embalagem e do armazenamento no amadurecimento do caqui

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da embalagem e do tempo de armazenamento sobre o amadurecimento e as caracteristicas fisicas e quimicas dos frutos de caquizeiro ( Diospyros kaki L.), cultivar Taubate, foram estes armazenados a temperatura de 0 o C, embalados, ou nao, com pelicula de PVC. Esses frutos foram colhidos durante a safra de 1992, na Estacao Experimental de Araponga, MG, e transportados para o laboratorio de pos-colheita da Universidade Federal de Vicosa, onde foram submetidos a rigorosa selecao. Foram acondicionados em 144 bandejas de poliestireno, com quatro frutos cada, sendo metade deles embalada com pelicula de PVC. A amostragem realizou-se de quatro em quatro dias. O experimento foi conduzido segundo delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeticoes. A temperatura de 0 o C foi eficiente para retardar o amadurecimento dos frutos (72 dias), principalmente quando embalados. Apos o armazenamento a 0 o C por 72 dias, houve necessidade de inducao ao amadurecimento, para que ocorresse maturacao homogenea. Ao final do armazenamento, os frutos embalados apresentaram-se com maior teor de clorofila total, menor perda de peso e menor teor de solidos soluveis que os frutos nao embalados.
Computational Models of Intracellular Signalling and Synaptic Plasticity Induction in the Cerebellum

Many molecules and the complex interactions between them underlie plasticity in the cerebellum. However, the exact relationship between cerebellar plasticity and the different signalling cascades remains unclear. Calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) regulates many forms of synaptic plasticity, but very little is known about its function during plasticity induction in the cerebellum. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the induction of synaptic plasticity in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs). The focus of the thesis is to investigate the role of CaMKII isoforms in the bidirectional modulation of plasticity induction at parallel fibre (PF)-PC synapses. For this investigation, computational models that represent the CaMKII activation and the signalling network that mediates plasticity induction at these synapses were constructed. The model of CaMKII activation by calcium-calmodulin developed by Dupont et al (2003) replicates the experiments by De Koninck and Schulman (1998). Both theoretical and experimental studies have argued that the phosphorylation and activation of CaMKII depends on the frequency of calcium oscillations. Using a simplified version of the Dupont model, it was demonstrated that the CaMKII phosphorylation is mostly determined by the average calcium-calmodulin concentration, and therefore depends only indirectly on the actual frequency of calcium oscillations. I have shown that a pulsed application of calcium-calmodulin is, in fact, not required at all. These findings strongly indicate that the activation of CaMKII depends on the average calcium-calmodulin concentration and not on the oscillation frequency per se as asserted in those studies. This thesis also presents the first model of AMPA receptor phosphorylation that simulates the induction of long-term depression (LTD) and potentiation (LTP) at the PF-PC synapse. The results of computer simulations of a simple mathematical model suggest that the balance of CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation and protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B)-mediated dephosphorylation of AMPA receptors determines whether LTD or LTP occurs in cerebellar PCs. This model replicates the experimental observations by Van Woerden et al (2009) that indicate that βCaMKII controls the direction of plasticity at PF-PC synapses. My computer simulations support Van Woerden et al’s original suggestion that filamentous actin binding can enable βCaMKII to regulate bidirectional plasticity at these synapses. The computational models of intracellular signalling constructed in this thesis advance the understanding of the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity induction in the cerebellum. These simple models are significant tools for future research by the scientific community.
The electrophysiology of gland cells

Where you can find the electrophysiology of gland cells easily? Is it in the book store? On-line book store? are you sure? Keep in mind that you will find the book in this site. This book is very referred for you because it gives not only the experience but also lesson. The lessons are very valuable to serve for you, that's not about who are reading this electrophysiology of gland cells book. It is about this book that will give wellness for all people from many societies.
Impact of data transformation on the heritability estimates of reproductive traits in laying hens

Two reproductive traits: percentage of fertilized egg (PFE) and percentage of hatched of set eggs (PHC) of four strains of laying hens (15 339 recorded individuals) over nine generations from pedigree farm were studied. The computations for three type of data sets for each trait (untransformed, arcsinsqrt transformed, probit transformed data) were used to estimate direct and maternal genetic variances within strains. Prior to analysis each observation was divided by the average. Error variance estimates and logarithms of likelihood were taken as comparison criteria. Generally, the reproductive traits are low heritable. Negligible differences between direct heritability estimates of PFE have been registered. However, these estimates obtained from untransformed data were larger than the transformed ones. Generally, smaller residual variances have been received from arcsinsqrt transformed data (in a majority of cases, largest error variances were estimated from probit transformed data). It usually corresponds with the second of the employed criteria.
Two new neotropical species of oak gall wasps of the genus Loxaulus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Panama.

Two new species of Loxaulus Mayr, Loxaulus championi and Loxaulus panamensis (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) are described from Panama. Both new species induce galls on Quercus bumelioides Liebm. (Fagaceae, sect. Quercus, White Oaks). The diagnostic characters, gall descriptions, distribution, biological data and a key for the identification of the new species are given. The new species represent the first records of the genus Loxaulus outside North America.
LAT1 muscle‐specific knockout limits early load‐induced mTORC1 activity (1102.41)

Leucine exhibits a strong anabolic effect in skeletal muscle: increasing muscle protein synthesis via activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin‐complex 1 (mTORC1). Since LAT1 is the primary leucine transporter in skeletal muscle, its regulation could affect anabolic resistance. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of LAT1 muscle‐specific knockout (mKO) on mTORC1 activity after acute loading. Three month old control (CON; n = 11) and LAT1 mKO mice (mKO; n = 12) were anesthetized and unilaterally loaded. Tibialis anterior muscles were collected bilaterally 30 min, 3 h and 18 h post‐loading and mTORC1 activity was determined using western blot analysis of phospho/total S6K1 389 (pS6K1). pS6K1 increased 30 min and 3 h post‐loading from non‐stimulated limbs (NS) to stimulated limbs (S) for CON (30 min: NS: 0.98 ± 0.11, S: 3.46 ± 0.36, p < 0.01; 3 h: NS: 0.98 ± 0.23, S: 9.95 ± 1.58, p < 0.01) and mKO (30 min: NS: 1.16 ± 0.13, S: 1.74 ± 0.52, p = 0.27; 3 h: NS: 1.08 ± 0.14, S: 7.75 ± 1.99, p < 0.01). Stimulated pS6K1 was higher in CON than mKO at 30 min (p < 0.05) post‐loading. We conclude LAT1 mKO limits early mTORC1 activation and might contribute to anabolic resistance post‐loading.
Influence of landscape arrangement and wetland condition on breeding dynamics of Ambystoma maculatum (spotted salamander) in Maine, USA

Ambystoma maculatum Shaw (spotted salamander) in Maine commonly breeds in ephemeral wetlands (vernal pools) but also breeds in wetlands ranging in hydroperiod from semi-permanent to permanent. These breeding sites may be particularly important in landscapes with low vernal pool densities reflecting topographic features or anthropogenic modifications. Hydroperiod characteristics structure predator communities, and thus developing A. maculatum larvae encounter different predation risks among dissimilar wetland types. It is unknown if plasticity in larval behavioral and morphological responses to predators allow A. maculatum to persist in a variety of wetland types. We designed a series of related experiments to test the effects of abundant vertebrate and invertebrate predators from a range of hydroperiods on the survival, morphology, and behavior of A. maculatum larvae. One vertebrate predator combination characteristic of lakes with introduced fish (green frog [Lithobates clamitans] larvae and golden shiners [Notemgonus crysoleucas]) caused up to 100% A. maculatum larval mortality. Salamander larvae also responded morphologically and behaviorally to visual and olfactory cues from a ‘non-predatory’ fish (N. crysoleucas) by reducing activity and growing smaller dorsal fins. This study highlights morphological and behavioral
Morphological and genetic differences between Japanese and Chinese sea bass of the genus Lateolabrax

Morphological and genetic differences between Japanese and Chinese sea bass of the genus Lateolabrax were examined. Pronounced differences were recognized between the two forms in some morphological characters, in particular the number of pored lateral line scales and gill rakers, which differed sufficiently for unequivocal differentiation of the forms, when used in combination. Isozyme analyses of genetic characters indicated a complete replacement of alleles at the PROT-1 * locus, and extreme differences in allelic frequencies at the GPI-1 * and LDH * loci. The genetic distance (D value) between the Japanese and Chinese forms, calculated from isozymic allele frequencies, was 0.174, a figure significant at the inter-specific level. The considerable morphological and genetic differences suggested that the sea bass from China is a distinct species from L. japonicus
Rank-Abundance Allocations as a Tool to Analyze Planktonic Copepod Assemblages off the Danshuei River Estuary (Northern Taiwan)

Jiang-Shiou Hwang, Sami Souissi, Hans-Uwe Dahms, Li-Chun Tseng, Francois G. Schmitt, and Qing-Chao Chen (2008) Rank-abundance allocations as a tool to analyze planktonic copepod assemblages off the Danshuei River estuary (northern Taiwan). Zoological Studies. 48(1): 49-62. The planktonic copepod assemblages off the Danshuei River estuary, at the boundary of the East China Sea and the northeastern tip of the Taiwan Strait, were studied as a function of conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) data obtained from the area from Oct. 1998 to July 2004. From seasonal copepod samples, 120 copepod species were identified off the Danshuei estuary during a 6-yr study period. In a methodical comparison, the rank-abundance (RA) was compared to quantitative estimates and diversity indices of copepods (i.e., the occurrence rate, mean abundance, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and evenness and species richness index). The present study shows for the first time long-term patterns of planktonic copepod communities, thus demonstrating the usefulness of the RA tool in characterizing plankton bioindicator species to monitor environmental changes. A general model of species successions with season is exemplified by 1 coastal species that dominated the copepod communities during warm-water situations: Temora turbinata. Calanus sinicus was an indicator species belonging to relatively cold-water species transported from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea during the northeastern monsoon in winter. http://zoolstud.sinica. edu.tw/Journals/48.1/49.pdf
Flora of the Karagöl-Sahara National Park (Artvin) and Its Environs

The vascular flora of the Karagol-Sahara National Park and its environs (Şavsat, Artvin, Turkey) was assessed between 1997 and 2002. In the area under review, 872 taxa belonging to 364 genera and 91 families were identified. Of the 872 taxa, 21 Pteridophytes and 851 Spermatophytes were detected. Spermatophytes also contained 7 Gymnospermae and 844 Angiospermae taxa. The richest 3 families are Compositae with 90 taxa (10.2%), Leguminosae with 77 taxa (8.9%) and Gramineae with 60 taxa (7.0%). The richest genus is Astragalus L. (21 taxa) followed by Campanula L. (15 taxa). The rates of taxa included in certain phytogeographical regions were as follows: 39.4% Euro-Siberian, 10.3% Irano-Turanian, 1.1% Mediterranean, and 50.9% multi-regional or of unknown phytogeographic origin. The endemism ratio is 6.3% (54 taxa). Threat categories were proposed for 103 taxa according to International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List Categories.
A new approach to the phylogenetic order in nature

The system of multicellular animals presented here is an alternative to the traditional classification system which still operates with the categories of Carl Linne, including typological divisions in artificial species groups. In a new approach to the phylogenetic order in nature this book strives for an objective systematization of the metazoa. It seeks a new path in the field of academic research and teaching based on the theory and methodology of phylogenetic systematics. This volume covers the metazoa from the Porifera up to the Cestoda, Nemertini and Trochozoa; two more volumes to come will cover all the remaining metazoa.