Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coastal Morphology and Sea-Level Changes in Goa, India during the Last 500 Years

ABSTRACT Mörner, N. -A. , 2017. Coastal morphology and sea-level changes in Goa, India during the last 500 years. Coastal morphology, stratigraphy, radiocarbon dating, archaeological remains, historical documentation, and tide gauge records allowed us to establish a very firm and detailed record of the changes in sea level in Goa over the last 500 years. It is an oscillation record: a low level in the early 16th century, a +50-cm high level in the 17th century, a level below present sea level in the 18th century, a +20-cm high level in the 19th and early 20th centuries, a ∼20-cm fall in 1955–1962, and a virtually stable level over the last 50 years. This sea level record is almost identical to those obtained in the Maldives and in Bangladesh. The Indian Ocean seems to lack records of any alarming sea-level rise in recent decades; on the contrary, 10 sites analyzed indicate a sea level remaining at about ±0.0, at least over the last 50 years or so.
The genomic basis and environmental correlates of local adaptation in the Atlantic horse 1 )

21 Understanding how populations adapt to local environments is increasingly important to prevent 22 biodiversity loss due to climate change. Here we examined whole-genome variation of 12 23 Atlantic horse mackerel pool samples from the North Sea to north Africa, and the western 24 Mediterranean Sea. This marine migratory benthopelagic fish is one of the most widely 25 distributed and commercially important species in the eastern Atlantic. We found low population 26 structure at neutral loci, but high differentiation at adaptive loci distinguishing the western 27 Mediterranean and the North Seas from other Atlantic locations. Candidate genes distinctive of 28 the Mediterranean include a green-sensitive-opsin harbouring two missense mutations that might 29 fine-tune the spectral sensitivity to blue-green light conditions. Candidate genes characteristic of 30 the North Sea could play a critical role in cold tolerance (energy metabolism and cell membrane structure) and increased sensitivity to odours, presumably to compensate reduced visibility in 32 turbid waters. We also discovered a massive chromosomal inversion (9.9 Mb) that underlies a 33 climate-related latitudinal cline with a break near mid Portugal. Genome-environment 34 association analysis indicated that sea water dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature are 35 likely the main environmental drivers of local adaptation. Our genomic data broadly supports the 36 current ICES stock divisions, but recommends revision of the western and southern stock 37 boundaries. We developed a reduced SNP panel that genetically discriminate the North Sea from 38 neighbouring populations. Our study highlights the importance of life history and chromosomal 39 inversions in adaptation with gene flow, and the complexity of evolutionary and ecological 40 processes involved in local adaptation. 41 42
Soft Matter

Microgels, consisting of a swollen polymer network, exhibit a more complex self-assembly behavior compared to incompressible colloidal particles, because of their ability to deform at a liquid interface or collapse upon compression. Here, we investigate the collective phase behavior of two-dimensional binary mixtures of microgels confined at the air/water interface. We use stimuli-responsive poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) microgels with diﬀerent crosslinking densities, and therefore diﬀerent morphologies at the interface. We find that the minority microgel population introduces lattice defects in the ordered phase of the majority population, which, in contrast to bulk studies, do not heal out by partial deswelling to accommodate in the lattice. We subsequently investigate the interfacial phase behavior of these binary interfacial assemblies under compression. The binary system exhibits three distinct isostructural solid–solid phase transitions, during which the coronae between two small particles collapse first, followed by the collapse between small–large and large–large microgel pairs. A similar hierarchy of phase transitions is found for mixtures of microgels and core–shell particles. Simulations based on augmented potentials qualitatively reproduce the experimentally observed phase transitions. We rationalize the presence of this hierarchy in phase transitions from differences in the interfacial morphology between the species: the larger coronae of softer (and therefore larger) microgels provide a higher resistance to phase transitions compared to the smaller coronae of the more crosslinked microgels and core–shell particles. The control of phase transitions via the molecular architecture further allows the formation of characteristic, flower-like defects by introducing particles with ‘‘weaker’’ coronae that are more prone to collapse with their neighboring particles. Our findings underline the dominating role of the corona for interfacial microgel assemblies, which acts as an energy barrier, shifting the collapse to higher surface pressures.
Preliminary Findings on Distribution and Abundance of Flying fish in Relation to Oceanographic Conditions of Flores Sea Observed from Multi-spectrum Satellite Images

To describe the short term relationship between oceanographic conditions and flying fish catches and to visualize a spatial pattern of potential fishing grounds in the Flores sea, remotely sensed satellite images of sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a concentration, fishing depth and absolute geostrophic current together with catch data were used. Results indicated that the highest flying fish catch per unit efforts (CPUEs) occurred in areas of SST 27.5-29.5 °C, chlorophyll-a 0.25 0.70 mg. m -3 and current velocities 25.0 42.5 m. s -1 . The fishing depth locations have no significant correlation with the CPUEs. The three preferred oceanographic ranges provided a good indicator for spatially detecting the potential flying fish fishing grounds particularly in the peak season. The predicted potential fishing areas were located in the southwestern Takalar waters approximately 118°45‟E-119°40‟E and 5°30‟S-6°10‟S and were confirmed by the fishing data. It is likely that the potential fishing grounds correspond to the occurrence of the oceanographic structures such as upwelling and frontal zones which may be responsible for concentrating the fish schools. This short descriptive study suggests that these findings provide some preliminary results on the flying fish fishing grounds in the Flores Sea.
Successful projects or success in project management - are projects dependent on a methodology?

The purpose of this paper is to bridge two seemingly disparate views of project management: proponents of project management methodologies promote a view where a standard set of predefined project practices guarantee project success, while a contingent view of projects suggests that project management needs to be adaptive to project actuality and context. Our aim in this paper is to understand how these different forms of managing projects impact project success. We investigate projects through a lens of discretion, defined as autonomy in the project team to adapt the project to its context as opposed to a reliance on a pre-defined set of rules for project management. We also look at the role of exploration, that is, whether the project focuses on the development of new knowledge, or whether the focus is on furthering existing competences. Based on our analysis, we propose a framework to determine the right amount of discretion in a project, highlighting which project management methodology is suited for the work at hand or whether discarding methodology altogether is more likely to lead to project success.
First-principles investigations of the polysomatism of antigorite under pressure

Antigorite is the high-temperature member of the serpentine group minerals and is broadly considered a primary carrier of water in subducting oceanic lithosphere at the fore-arc. It has a wavy crystal structure along the a-axis and several polysomes with diﬀerent $ m $ -values (m=13-24) have been identiﬁed in nature. The number (m) is deﬁned as the number of tetrahedra in one wavelength and is controlled by the misﬁt between the octahedral and tetrahedral layers. The degree of misﬁt mainly depends on the volumes of the MgO6 octehedra and SiO4 tetrahedra within the layers, which vary as a function of temperature and pressure. However, it is not well understood which m-values of antigorite are stable at diﬀerent temperature and pressure conditions. To investigate the pressure dependence of the stability of diﬀerent m-values in antigorite, we performed ﬁrst-principles calculations for several polysomes (m=14-19) at high pressure (0-14 GPa) and compared their enthalpies (T: static 0 K). We found that although the energy diﬀerences between polysomes are small, polysomes with larger m-values are more stable at ambient pressure, while polysomes with smaller m-values are more stable at elevated pressures. This suggests that the structure of antigorite in oceanic lithosphere that has subducted into the deep Earth may gradually evolve into a diﬀerent polysome structure than antigorite samples observed at ambient or near-pressure conditions. This structural change may be related to the formation of the lower plane of the double seismic zone, as changes in polysome m-values are accompanied by a minor dehydration reaction.
Adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Local Governments: An Exploratory Study on the Attitudes and Perceptions of Officials in a Municipal Government in the Philippines

Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) have been instrumental in transforming governments in recent years, which is why several agencies worldwide have integrated them into their governance strategies. One of the countries that have paid attention to the potential of AI is the Philippines, which launched its national AI roadmap in 2021. This study investigated the perceived acceptance and adoption of AI in the Municipality of Carmona located in the Province of Cavite. Following the combined constructs from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), perception data were gathered from among Carmona’s local executive and department administrators. The study found moderate to high levels of positive attitude and behavioral intention toward the use of AI in government operations. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed that all acceptance and adoption factors had positive moderate to very strong relationships with the attitude and behavioral intent to use AI, except for the anxiety factor, which only had significantly negative moderate to very weak correlation with attitude toward AI. As component of the sequential mixed-method design, the thematic analysis provided context to the findings. This paper contributes to the growing literature on the governance, acceptance, and adoption of AI in governments.
Assessment of Intraoperative Complications Associated with Extraction Technique Using Physics Forceps and the Conventional Method: A Split-mouth Comparative Study

Tooth extraction is one of the most frequently performed surgeries, and several instruments were invented throughout history. This study's purpose is to assess the efficacy of physics forceps in comparison to conventional tooth extraction forceps in bilateral dental extraction and their associated intraoperative complications, including crown fracture, root fracture, buccal cortical plate fracture (BCPF), gingival lacerations, and bleeding time. All participants (n = 20) and total extractions (n = 40) were randomly assigned within two groups. Teeth were extracted utilizing physics forceps on one side of the maxillary or mandibular quadrants (n = 20) and conventional forceps on the other side (n = 20). Clinical data were gathered and analyzed. The findings show none of the patients in any of the groups had a crown fracture, however, the occurrence of roots and buccal cortical plate fractures were higher within control group. The incidence of gingival lacerations was seven times (35 %) in the study group and eight times (40 %) in the control group. Bleeding time in control group was longer than that in the study group (P value = 0.022) with a moderate effect size (ES = 0.676). In this study, buccal traumatic ulcer formation was observed in 5 cases (25 %) in study group due to excessive pressure application on the buccal soft tissue. In conclusion, physics forceps provide clinical outcomes comparable to conventional forceps and could be used for routine exodontia.
Careful prior speciﬁcation avoids incautious inference for log-Gaussian Cox point processes

Summary . Hyperprior speciﬁcations for random ﬁelds in spatial point process modelling can have a major impact on the results. In ﬁtting log-Gaussian Cox processes to rainforest tree species, we consider a reparameterised model combining a spatially structured and an unstructured random ﬁeld into a single component. This component has one hyperpa-rameter accounting for marginal variance, while an additional hyperparameter governs the fraction of the variance explained by the spatially structured effect. This facilitates interpretation of the hyperparameters and signiﬁcance of covariates is studied for a range of hyperprior speciﬁcations. Appropriate scaling makes the analysis invariant to grid resolution.
Relationship between anaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, and dietary lifestyle of the older adults attending a primary care clinic in Nigeria

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and severity of anaemia and assess the relationship between dietary lifestyle, hypoalbuminaemia, and anaemia of older personsDesign: A cross-sectional hospital-based study.Setting: This study was conducted in the General Outpatient Clinic, the primary care unit of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Kano, Nigeria.Participants: A total of 378 patients aged ≥ 60 years who presented to the General Out-patient Clinic.Main outcome measures: Prevalence and severity of anaemia, relationship between anaemia and hypoalbuminaemia, and dietary lifestyle of the participants.Results: A total of 348 respondents completed the study. The mean age of respondents was 67.83 ±7.53 years, with female (60.9%) predominance. The prevalence of anaemia and hypoalbuminaemia were 42.2% and 17.8%, respectively. Hypoalbuminaemia (β=0.335, 95%CI=0.131-0.229, P<0.001), long duration of comorbidities (β= -0.179, 95%CI= -0.165-0.047, P<0.001), one full meal/day (β=0.130, 95%CI=0.224-1.879, P=0.013), and low monthly income (β=0.122, 95%CI=0.179-1.543, P=0.026) were the predictors of anaemia among the older persons in this study.Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of anaemia among older adults. The identified predictors, such as hypoalbuminaemia, long duration of comorbidities, reduced food intake and low monthly income, will be useful in developing guidelines and strategies for managing the condition in primary care settings and other similar sites.
Conservation agriculture practices for increasing resource-use efficiency and productivity of rainfed cropping systems

Growing short-duration pearlmillet as rainy-season crop followed by wheat, chickpea and mustard during winter is the dominant cropping system under limited availability of soil moisture in semiarid areas. Conservation agriculture practices, such as zero-tillage with residue recycling may be a feasible approach to increase the productivity and resource-use efficiency under rainfed ecosystem. A field experiment was conducted during 2011–2012 and 2011-12 at New Delhi to identify feasible cropping system by growing three winter-season crops, viz. wheat, chickpea and mustard along with the organic mulches, viz. crop residue and Leucaena twigs applied to both crops. Both rainyand winter-season crops were grown under zero-till following other recommended package of practices under rainfed conditions. Pearlmillet recorded significantly higher grain yield with application of Leucaena twigs in 2010, but produced comparatively higher yield with crop residues in 2011. Pearlmillet grown after chickpea produced significantly higher grain yield (1.61 t ha -1 ), followed by mustard (1.38 t ha -1 ) and wheat (1.28 t ha -1 ). The interaction effect of residue management and preceding crops was significant for grain yield. Chickpea with crop residue recorded significantly higher grain yield (1.95 t ha -1 ), followed by that with Leucaena twigs (1.56 t ha -1 ). The nutrient uptake showed the same trend as that of grain and stover yield, and recorded significant interaction effect for N uptake in grain. The economic analysis exhibited highest returns wihr Leucaena twigs in 2010, and after chickpea with crop residue, followed by Leucaena twigs mulching in 2011. It was concluded that pearlmillet-chickpea cropping systems with crop residue and Leucaena twigs mulching was beneficial for achieving higher productivity and profitability under zero-till semi-arid conditions.
The Function of ASK1 in Sepsis and Stress-Induced Disorders

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a serine-threonine kinase that is ubiquitously expressed in nucleated cells and is responsible for the activation of multiple mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) to regulate cell stress. Activation of ASK1 via cellular stress leads to activation of downstream signaling components, activation of transcription factors, and proinflammatory cytokine production. ASK1 is also expressed in anucleate platelets and is a key player in platelet activation as it is important for signaling. Interestingly, the mechanism of ASK1 activation is cell type-dependent. In this review we will explore how ASK1 regulates a variety of cellular processes from innate immune function to thrombosis and hemostasis. We will discuss how ASK1 influences FcγRIIA-mediated platelet reactivity and how that reactivity drives platelet clearance. Furthermore, we will explore the role of ASK1 in thromboxane (TxA2) generation, which highlights differences in the way ASK1 functions in mouse and human platelets.
Determinants of post – ﬁ re regeneration demography in a subtropical monsoon – climate forest in Southwest China

• Exploring determinants of post-ﬁ re re-generation using structural equation models • Resprouting dominates the rapid forest regeneration in Yunnan Central Plateau. • Denser regeneration occurred with higher altitude and pre-ﬁ re abundance. • Resprouts were widely distributed and more competitive in recovery. • Reseedsweremoresuccessfulonthein-fertile sites.
Neurobiology of Aging

Physical activity (PA) is linked to better cognitive and brain health, though its mechanisms are unknown. While brain iron is essential for normal function, levels increase with age and, when excessive, can cause detrimental neural effects. We examined how objectively measured PA relates to cerebral iron deposition and memory functioning in normal older adults. Sixty-eight cognitively unimpaired older adults from the UCSF Memory and Aging Center completed neuropsychological testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging, followed by 30-day Fitbit monitoring. Magnetic resonance imaging quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) quantified iron deposition. PA was operationalized as average daily steps. Linear regression models examined memory as a function of hippocampal QSM, PA, and their interaction. Higher bilateral hippocampal iron deposition correlated with worse memory but was not strongly related to PA. Covarying for demographics, PA moderated the relationship between bilateral hippocampal iron deposition and memory such that the negative effect of hippocampal QSM on memory performances was no longer significant above 9120 daily steps. PA may mitigate adverse iron-related pathways for memory health. © 2023 The
Cytomegalovirus Infection: An Underrated Target in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment

CMV infection is still a matter of concern in IBD patients, especially regarding the disease’s relapse management. Why IBD patients, particularly those affected by ulcerative colitis, are more susceptible to CMV reactivation is not totally explained, although a weakened immune system could be the reason. Various techniques, ranging from serology to histology, can be employed to detect intestinal CMV infection; however, there is currently disagreement in the literature regarding the most effective diagnostic test. Furthermore, CMV involvement in steroid resistance has been broadly discussed, but whether CMV infection is a cause or consequence of the disease severity and, consequently, steroid refractoriness is still debated. Its potential contribution to the lack of response to advanced therapy and small molecules must be more valued and wholly explored. In this review, we look at the actual literature on CMV in IBD patients, and we suggest a pragmatic algorithm for clinical practice management of CMV infection.
Multi-contrast high-field quality image synthesis for portable low-field MRI using generative adversarial networks and paired data

Introduction: Portable low-field strength (64mT) MRI scanners promise to increase access to neuroimaging for clinical and research purposes, however these devices produce lower quality images compared to high-field scanners. In this study, we developed and evaluated a deep learning architecture to generate high-field quality brain images from low-field inputs using a paired dataset of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients scanned at 64mT and 3T. Methods: A total of 49 MS patients were scanned on portable 64mT and standard 3T scanners at Penn (n=25) or the National Institutes of Health (NIH, n=24) with T1-weighted, T2-weighted and FLAIR acquisitions. Using this paired data, we developed a generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture for low- to high-field image translation (LowGAN). We then evaluated synthesized images with respect to image quality, brain morphometry, and white matter lesions. Results: Synthetic high-field images demonstrated visually superior quality compared to low-field inputs and significantly higher normalized cross-correlation (NCC) to actual high-field images for T1 (p=0.001) and FLAIR (p<0.001) contrasts. LowGAN generally outperformed the current state-of-the-art for low-field volumetrics. For example, thalamic, lateral ventricle, and total cortical volumes in LowGAN outputs did not differ significantly from 3T measurements. Synthetic outputs preserved MS lesions and captured a known inverse relationship between total lesion volume and thalamic volume. Conclusions: LowGAN generates synthetic high-field images with comparable visual and quantitative quality to actual high-field scans. Enhancing portable MRI image quality could add value and boost clinician confidence, enabling wider adoption of this technology.
Multiscale Dynamical Scenario of High-mass Star Formation in an IRDC Filament G34

There is growing evidence that high-mass star formation (HMSF) is a multiscale, dynamical process in molecular clouds, where filaments transport gas material between larger and smaller scales. We analyze here multiscale gas dynamics in an HMSF filamentary cloud, G034.43+00.24 (G34), using APEX observations of the C18O (2−1), HCO+/H13CO+ (3−2), and HCN/H13CN (3−2) lines. We find large-scale, filament-aligned velocity gradients from C18O emission, which drive filamentary gas inflows onto dense clumps in the middle ridge of G34. The nature of these inflows is gravity driven. We also find clump-scale gas infall in the middle ridge of the MM2, MM4, and MM5 clumps from other lines. Their gas infall rates could depend on large-scale filamentary gas inflows since the infall/inflow rates on these two scales are comparable. We confirm that the multiscale, dynamical HMSF scenario is at work in G34. It could be driven by gravity up to the filament scale, beyond which turbulence originating from several sources, including gravity, could be in effect in G34.