Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Cognitive-Based Interventions in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Cognitive-based intervention is divided into three types: Cognitive Stimulation (CS), Cognitive Training (CT), and Cognitive Rehabilitation (CR). This study was conducted to identify systematically the effects of cognitive-based interventions in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) applied to older adults in the following three groups: cognitively healthy, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Methods: This search was carried out using the Ovid-MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Korea databases. The effectiveness of the intervention was verified using the CMA 2.0 program. Results: A total of 54 RCTs were included in systematic reviews and 38 studies were analyzed by meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that cognitive-based interventions were effective in improving the cognitive function (SMD=0.39, 95% CI=0.32–0.44) of older adults. The subgroup analysis of cognitive function revealed that CT was the most effective in the cognitively healthy (SMD=0.40, 95% CI=0.33–0.46) and the MCI (SMD=0.45, 95% CI=0.27–0.63) groups, and CS was the most effective in the dementia group (SMD=0.57, 95% CI=0.43–0.70). Conclusion: In order to improve the cognitive function of older adults in each group, the most effective intervention type needs to be considered first. Evidence on the appropriate type of Cognitive-based intervention will be helpful in nursing practice.
A holistic analysis of collective behaviour and team performance in Australian Football via structural equation modelling

ABSTRACT Despite awareness of the importance of quantifying technical, tactical, and physical characteristics of match play, few studies have examined the structural relationship of these aspects in professional sport. Accordingly, this study concurrently examined these components in relation to quarter outcome (n = 272) in Australian Football. The study followed a retrospective longitudinal case study design where one teams’ cooperative passing network, skill counts, physical loads, and spatiotemporal behaviours during official Australian Football League games were collected from a period spanning four seasons (2016–2019). A principal components analysis (PCA) and structural equation modelling were used to explore the structural relationships between components and examine the influence on quarter outcome as determined by the point differential (quarter margin). Scoring opportunity and ball movement had direct associations with quarter margin, while unpredictability, uncontested behaviour and physical behaviour did not. Negative associations between uncontested behaviour and scoring opportunity suggest that elevated high-pressure success and a lack of synchrony may positively influence scoring opportunity, a determinant of quarter margin. Further, negative associations between physical behaviour and ball movement suggest that with less physical work, a team’s collective ability to transfer possession between teammates is facilitated, offering an interesting dichotomy between skill and physical demands of Australian Football. While hundreds of different metrics are available, the present study was the first to concurrently examine the influence of a variety of match play components on performance outcomes in Australian Football. These results may provide direction for coaches and practitioners when contemplating practice design, tactical strategies, or the development of behaviour through specific training exercises. Game plans and training drills that focus on optimising attacking and low-pressure ball movement coupled with high levels of mutual interaction between teammates may be beneficial for performance.
Role of ubiquitin-protein ligase UBR5 in the disassembly of mitotic checkpoint complexes

Significance The mitotic checkpoint system is essential for the prevention of mistakes in the segregation of chromosomes in mitosis. As long as chromosomes are not attached correctly to the mitotic spindle, a mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) is assembled and inhibits the action of ubiquitin ligase APC/C (anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome) to initiate anaphase. When the checkpoint is turned off, MCC is disassembled, allowing anaphase initiation. The mechanisms of MCC disassembly have been studied, but the regulation of this process remained obscure. We found that a second ubiquitin ligase, UBR5 (ubiquitin-protein ligase N-recognin 5), ubiquitylates MCC components and stimulates the disassembly of MCC from APC/C, as well as the dissociation of a subcomplex of MCC.
Distinct roles for motor cortical and thalamic inputs to striatum during motor skill learning and execution

The acquisition and execution of motor skills are mediated by a distributed motor network, spanning cortical and subcortical brain areas. The sensorimotor striatum is an important cog in this network, yet the roles of its two main inputs, from motor cortex and thalamus, remain largely unknown. To address this, we silenced the inputs in rats trained on a task that results in highly stereotyped and idiosyncratic movement patterns. While striatal-projecting motor cortex neurons were critical for learning these skills, silencing this pathway after learning had no effect on performance. In contrast, silencing striatal-projecting thalamus neurons disrupted the execution of the learned skills, causing rats to revert to species-typical pressing behaviors and preventing them from relearning the task. These results show distinct roles for motor cortex and thalamus in the learning and execution of motor skills and suggest that their interaction in the striatum underlies experience-dependent changes in subcortical motor circuits.
Anaemia in Children Receiving Home Parenteral Nutrition: A Common Problem?

ABSTRACT Objectives: Children receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) are at risk of iron deficiency anaemia. Our aim was to determine the incidence of iron deficiency anaemia in paediatric HPN and efficacy of each therapeutic approach. Methods: Retrospective data collection from children receiving HPN at a tertiary referral centre over a 12-month period (2015). Full blood count, and whenever available, ferritin and C-reactive protein were collected at least 3 times for each patient. Liver function tests were checked at the beginning and end of the study and number of blood transfusions/iron infusions recorded. Results: Forty-one HPN patients (61% girls; 51% motility disorder, 29% enteropathy, 20% short bowel syndrome) were identified. Eighty-three percent of children were anaemic at the beginning of the study with the number decreasing to 73% by the end. Iron deficiency anaemia was most commonly seen and treated with blood transfusion in 46% of cases and iron infusions in 29%. There was no statistical difference in the level of haemoglobin improvement between the 2 treatments (50% vs 33%, P = 0.657) nor a significant difference in haemoglobin (g/L) level achieved. The results for both were, however, more favourable in the infusion group. Patients receiving transfusions had a significantly higher incidence of abnormal liver function compared with those who hadinfusions (93% vs 37%, P = 0.009). Conclusions: Iron deficiency anaemia is common in children receiving HPN. A large proportion of patients still receive blood transfusions as first-line therapy but intravenous iron can be a suitable alternative. Treatment guidelines are required.
Characterising metabolomic signatures of lipid-modifying therapies through drug target mendelian randomisation

Large-scale molecular profiling and genotyping provide a unique opportunity to systematically compare the genetically predicted effects of therapeutic targets on the human metabolome. We firstly constructed genetic risk scores for 8 drug targets on the basis that they primarily modify low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (HMGCR, PCKS9, and NPC1L1), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (CETP), or triglycerides (APOC3, ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and LPL). Conducting mendelian randomisation (MR) provided strong evidence of an effect of drug-based genetic scores on coronary artery disease (CAD) risk with the exception of ANGPTL3. We then systematically estimated the effects of each score on 249 metabolic traits derived using blood samples from an unprecedented sample size of up to 115,082 UK Biobank participants. Genetically predicted effects were generally consistent among drug targets, which were intended to modify the same lipoprotein lipid trait. For example, the linear fit for the MR estimates on all 249 metabolic traits for genetically predicted inhibition of LDL cholesterol lowering targets HMGCR and PCSK9 was r2 = 0.91. In contrast, comparisons between drug classes that were designed to modify discrete lipoprotein traits typically had very different effects on metabolic signatures (for instance, HMGCR versus each of the 4 triglyceride targets all had r2 < 0.02). Furthermore, we highlight this discrepancy for specific metabolic traits, for example, finding that LDL cholesterol lowering therapies typically had a weak effect on glycoprotein acetyls, a marker of inflammation, whereas triglyceride modifying therapies assessed provided evidence of a strong effect on lowering levels of this inflammatory biomarker. Our findings indicate that genetically predicted perturbations of these drug targets on the blood metabolome can drastically differ, despite largely consistent effects on risk of CAD, with potential implications for biomarkers in clinical development and measuring treatment response.
Remarkable decrease in lattice thermal conductivity of transition metals borides TiB2 by dimensional reduction

Two-dimensional transition metals borides Ti x B x have excellent magnetic and electronic properties and great potential in metal-ion batteries and energy storage. The thermal management is important for the safety and stability in these applications. We investigated the lattice dynamical and thermal transport properties of bulk-TiB2 and its two-dimensional (2D) counterparts based on density functional theory combined with solving phonon Boltzmann transport equation. The Poisson’s ratio of bulk-TiB2 is positive while it changes to negative for monolayer TiB2. We found that dimension reduction can cause the room-temperature in-plane lattice thermal conductivity decrease, which is opposite the trend of MoS2, MoSe2, WSe2 and SnSe. Additionally, the room temperature thermal conductivity of mono-TiB2 is only one sixth of that for bulk-TiB2. It is attributed to the higher Debye temperature and stronger bonding stiffness in bulk-TiB2. The bulk-TiB2 has higher phonon group velocity and weaker anharmonic effect comparing with its 2D counterparts. On the other hand, the room temperature lattice thermal conductivity of mono-Ti2B2 is two times higher than that of mono-TiB2, which is due to three-phonon selection rule caused by the horizontal mirror symmetry.
Group 1 ILCs regulate T cell–mediated liver immunopathology by controlling local IL-2 availability

Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which comprise both natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1s, are important innate effectors that can also positively and negatively influence adaptive immune responses. The latter function is generally ascribed to the ability of NK cells to recognize and kill activated T cells. Here, we used multiphoton intravital microscopy in mouse models of hepatitis B to study the intrahepatic behavior of group 1 ILCs and their cross-talk with hepatitis B virus (HBV)–specific CD8+ T cells. We found that hepatocellular antigen recognition by effector CD8+ T cells triggered a prominent increase in the number of hepatic NK cells and ILC1s. Group 1 ILCs colocalized and engaged in prolonged interactions with effector CD8+ T cells undergoing hepatocellular antigen recognition; however, they did not induce T cell apoptosis. Rather, group 1 ILCs constrained CD8+ T cell proliferation by controlling local interleukin-2 (IL-2) availability. Accordingly, group 1 ILC depletion, or genetic removal of their IL-2 receptor a chain, considerably increased the number of intrahepatic HBV-specific effector CD8+ T cells and the attendant immunopathology. Together, these results reveal a role for group 1 ILCs in controlling T cell–mediated liver immunopathology by limiting local IL-2 concentration and have implications for the treatment of chronic HBV infection. Description Competition for IL-2 between group 1 ILCs and CD8+ T cells limits liver immunopathology. Friendly competition in the liver Hepatotropic viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause chronic liver disease in part by generating antiviral effector T cells that subsequently contribute to collateral tissue damage. Using intravital microscopy in mouse models of HBV infection, Fumagalli et al. demonstrate that group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), comprising natural killer cells and ILC1s, interact closely with HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in the liver and protect against liver damage caused by effector T cells. Rather than directly killing nearby CD8+ T cells, group 1 ILCs limited effector T cell responses by competing for local IL-2 required for their proliferation. These results provide insight into cross-talk between liver lymphocyte populations and identify a regulatory function for group 1 ILCs in constraining antiviral T cell responses.
Directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure–flow relationship in young healthy individuals trained in endurance and resistance exercise

What is the central question of this study? Does habitual exercise modality affect the directionality of the cerebral pressure–flow relationship? What is the main finding and its importance? These data suggest the hysteresis‐like pattern of dynamic cerebral autoregulation appears present in long‐term sedentary and endurance‐trained individuals, but absent in resistance‐trained individuals. This is the first study to expand knowledge on the directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure–flow relationship to trained populations.
Multi-OMICs data analysis identifies molecular features correlating with tumor immunity in colon cancer.

BACKGROUND There is a current need for new markers with higher sensitivity and specificity to predict immune status and optimize immunotherapy use in colon cancer. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the multi-OMICs features associated with colon cancer immunity and response to immunotherapy. METHODS We evaluated the association of multi-OMICs data from three colon cancer datasets (TCGA, CPTAC2, and Samstein) with antitumor immune signatures (CD8+ T cell infiltration, immune cytolytic activity, and PD-L1 expression). Using the log-rank test and hierarchical clustering, we explored the association of various OMICs features with survival and immune status in colon cancer. RESULTS Two gene mutations (TERT and ERBB4) correlated with antitumor cytolytic activity found also correlated with improved survival in immunotherapy-treated colon cancers. Moreover, the expression of numerous genes was associated with antitumor immunity, including GBP1, GBP4, GBP5, NKG7, APOL3, IDO1, CCL5, and CXCL9. We clustered colon cancer samples into four immuno-distinct clusters based on the expression levels of 82 genes. We have also identified two proteins (PREX1 and RAD50), ten miRNAs (hsa-miR-140, 146, 150, 155, 342, 59, 342, 511, 592 and 1977), and five oncogenic pathways (CYCLIN, BCAT, CAMP, RB, NRL, EIF4E, and VEGF signaling pathways) significantly correlated with antitumor immune signatures. CONCLUSION These molecular features are potential markers of tumor immune status and response to immunotherapy.
Shear Force – Unbalanced Moment Transfer at R/C Exterior Wide Band Beam Connections

Abstract In this paper a new mechanical model for the transfer of unbalanced moment and shear in exterior wide band beam-column connections is proposed. It is based on the crack formation pattern and the mobilization of struts-and ties in the vicinity of the column. The critical section of the wide beam is divided into flexural and torsional elements and the unbalanced moment is divided between these elements as bending moment and torque. Shear force is also divided among these elements in proportion to the shear area of each element. A linear interaction between the shear force and torque carried by the torsional elements and their corresponding ultimate capacities is assumed.
Platelets inhibit development of atherosclerosis in atherosclerotic mice

ABSTRACT Platelets can protect from lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock by inhibiting inflammation, but it is unknown whether platelets have an anti-atherosclerotic effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of platelet transfusion on atherosclerosis (AS) in a mouse model of AS. Apolipoprotein E deficiency (ApoE−/−) mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to establish a mouse model of AS. Mice weekly underwent bi-weekly injection with or without platelets during AS induction (HFD+platelet). Hematoxylin–eosin (H&E), Oil Red O, and Sudan IV stainings were used to assess pathological and morphological changes in the aortic tissue. Lipid levels, and liver and kidney function were examined using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Immune histochemical assays were used to detect the infiltration and distribution of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the aortic arch. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to examine the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 in the aorta or the peripheral blood, respectively. Compared with the HFD group, AS pathological lesions from the aortic arch in the HFD+platelet group were significantly smaller and alterations in the lipid metabolism were also less pronounced. Furthermore, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 levels were all significantly reduced in mice that received platelet injection. Platelets transfusion can effectively ameliorate lipid metabolism, suppress the inflammatory response in the vascular wall, and inhibit the development of AS in mice.
Sinapis alba as a useful plant in bioremediation – studies of defense mechanisms and accumulation of As, Tl and PGEs

Abstract Pollution of the soils with toxic elements is a serious problem all over the world. One of environmentally friendly techniques of their removal is phytoremediation. This paper is a summary of literature data and the results of own studies about the potential of Sinapis alba for bioaccumulation of Tl, As and PGEs, and its usefulness in remediation of polluted environment. S. alba is characterized with low living requirements, BFs ≫ 1 and high TFs, especially for Tl (up to 3). The influence of different forms of studied elements on plants was discussed based on biomass production, morphological changes and the impact on photosynthesis activity. The plants were cultivated in hydroponics and solid media of various composition, for example, in soil supplemented with MnO2, which resulted in BFs lower 6–7 times for leaves, and about 3–4 times for stems, as well as twice lower leaf development. Application of advanced analytical techniques was presented in studies of the detoxification mechanisms, identification of particular chemical forms of the elements and the presence of phytochelatins and their complexes with the investigated elements. Novelty Statement The paper summarizes both literature and original data on Sinapis alba exposed to such elements as thallium, arsenic and platinum group metals. The influence of different forms of studied elements on white mustard was discussed based on biomass production and morphological changes, as well as the impact on photosynthesis activity. The study covers such aspects as bioaccumulation, phytotoxicity as well as the usefulness of white mustard in remediation of polluted environment.
Making every contact count with seldom‐heard groups? A qualitative evaluation of voluntary and community sector (VCS) implementation of a public health behaviour change programme in England

Abstract Making Every Contact Count (MECC) is a national, long‐term public health strategy in England. It supports public‐facing workers to use opportunities during routine contacts to enable healthy lifestyle changes. This paper reports the findings from an external evaluation of voluntary and community sector (VCS) delivery of MECC in the North East of England, which focused on engaging under‐represented client groups. The study aimed to (a) Establish if (and how) MECC had impacted the workforce, including changes to staff knowledge, confidence and behaviour; (b) Identify benefits, challenges and unintended consequences; and (c) Explore outcomes for service users. A multi‐stage qualitative design focused on understanding both process and outcomes. The study utilised three data collection methods, including a journey mapping workshop (n = 20), semi‐structured interviews with delivery leads, VCS workers and volunteers who had accessed MECC training (n = 11), and focus group discussions with clients (n = 22). The findings illustrated positive early outcomes, including improvements in self‐reported staff knowledge and confidence as well as emerging examples of organisational culture shift and individual behaviour change. Alongside this, the data provided a rich picture of barriers and challenges which are examined at different levels—national programme, local programme, VCS sector, partner organisation, worker and client. The research highlights clear successes of the VCS delivery model. However, it is presented as a ‘double‐edged sword,’ in light of associated challenges such as sector‐level funding uncertainty and accessibility of MECC resources to diverse client groups. The discussion considers issues related to the measurement and attribution of behaviour change outcomes for brief interventions, as well as fidelity, legacy and long‐term sustainability challenges. The recommendations call for system‐level analysis and comparison of different MECC implementation models, to improve our understanding of challenges, opportunities and programme reach for behaviour change intervention programmes—particularly in relation to seldom‐heard client groups.
100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Combined hormonal contraceptives and vitamin D metabolism in adolescent girls

Objective Combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) use has been associated with higher total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. Here, we investigate the relation between CHC use and vitamin D metabolism to elucidate its clinical interpretation. Methods The cross-sectional Fit Futures 1 included 1038 adolescents. Here, a subgroup of 182 girls with available 25(OH)D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D), vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and measured free 25(OH)D levels, in addition to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), was investigated. Vitamin D metabolites were compared between girls using (CHC+) and not using CHC (CHC−). Further, the predictability of CHC on 25(OH)D levels was assessed in a multiple regression model including lifestyle factors. The ratios 1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D (vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR)) in relation to 25(OH)D were presented in scatterplots. Results CHC+ (n = 64; 35% of the girls) had higher 25(OH)D levels (mean ± s.d., 60.3 ± 22.2) nmol/L) than CHC- (n = 118; 41.8 ± 19.3 nmol/L), P -values <0.01. The differences in 25(OH)D levels between CHC+ and CHC− were attenuated but remained significant after the adjustment of lifestyle factors. CHC+ also had higher levels of 1,25(OH)2D, 24,25(OH)2D, DBP and calcium than CHC−, whereas 1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D, PTH, FGF23 and albumin were significantly lower. Free 25(OH)D and VMR did not statistically differ, and both ratios appeared similar in relation to 25(OH)D, irrespective of CHC status. Conclusion This confirms a clinical impact of CHC on vitamin D levels in adolescents. Our observations are likely due to an increased DBP-concentration, whereas the free 25(OH)D appears unaltered.