Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical Properties of High-Energy Radiation from Young Pulsars

We study the statistical properties of young pulsars with ages of ≤106 yr using the Monte Carlo method on the frame of a revised outer gap model. In our simulations, we first compare the simulated radio-loud pulsars with the observed ones in the ATNF Pulsar Catalogue, in which nine radio surveys are included. On the basis of consistency between the simulated and the observed young pulsars, we further simulate possible γ-ray pulsars based on our outer gap model. In this model, geometric effects have been taken into account, and the high-energy radiation of a pulsar depends on period (P), magnetic field (B), and magnetic inclination angle (α). We take the γ-ray beaming selection effects into account and study the statistical properties of γ-ray pulsars with energy fluxes above the detectable threshold fluxes. For the EGRET detector, we predict that there may be ~8 radio-loud and ~24 radio-quiet γ-ray pulsars if we take the neutron star birthrate to be 1.5 per century. For GLAST, we expect ~78 and ~740 radio-loud and radio-quiet γ-ray pulsars. Most of the young γ-ray pulsars are concentrated at the Galactic plane. We compared the energy fluxes of the simulated γ-ray pulsars with those of low-latitude unidentified EGRET γ-ray sources, indicating that the majority of these unidentified sources have pulsar origin.
Glial Gap Junction Pathology in the Spinal Cord of the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Gap junctions (GJs) are specialized transmembrane channels assembled by two hemi-channels of six connexin (Cx) proteins that facilitate neuroglial crosstalk in the central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies confirmed the crucial role of glial GJs in neurodegenerative disorders with dementia or motor dysfunction including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of this study was to examine the alterations in astrocyte and related oligodendrocyte GJs in association with Aβ plaques in the spinal cord of the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. Our analysis revealed abundant Aβ plaque deposition, activated microglia, and astrogliosis in 12-month-old (12M) 5xFAD mice, with significant impairment of motor performance starting from 3-months (3M) of age. Additionally, 12M 5xFAD mice displayed increased immunoreactivity of astroglial Cx43 and Cx30 surrounding Aβ plaques and higher protein levels, indicating upregulated astrocyte-to-astrocyte GJ connectivity. In addition, they demonstrated increased numbers of mature CC1-positive and precursor oligodendrocytes (OPCs) with higher immunoreactivity of Cx47-positive GJs in individual cells. Moreover, total Cx47 protein levels were significantly elevated in 12M 5xFAD, reflecting increased oligodendrocyte-to-oligodendrocyte Cx47–Cx47 GJ connectivity. In contrast, we observed a marked reduction in Cx32 protein levels in 12M 5xFAD spinal cords compared with controls, while qRT-PCR analysis revealed a significant upregulation in Cx32 mRNA levels. Finally, myelin deficits were found focally in the areas occupied by Aβ plaques, whereas axons themselves remained preserved. Overall, our data provide novel insights into the altered glial GJ expression in the spinal cord of the 5xFAD model of AD and the implicated role of GJ pathology in neurodegeneration. Further investigation to understand the functional consequences of these extensive alterations in oligodendrocyte–astrocyte (O/A) GJ connectivity is warranted.
Breaking and Dissipation of Ocean Surface Waves

1. Introduction 2. Definitions for the wave breaking 3. Detection and measurements of the wave breaking 4. Fully non-linear analytical theories for surface waves and numerical simulations of the wave breaking 5. Wave breaking probability 6. Wave breaking severity 7. Energy dissipation across the wave spectrum 8. Non-dissipative effects of the breaking on the wave field 9. Role of wave breaking in the air-sea interaction 10. Conclusions: what else do we need to know about the wave breaking? References Index.
The Association Between Financial Incentives and Job Performance Among Primary Care Providers in Six Provinces of China

Objective: This study aims to explore the association between financial incentives and job performance of primary care providers (PCPs) from a nationally representative survey in China. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in six provinces of China in 2019. A sample of 1388 PCPs participated in the survey was selected using a stratified cluster sampling method. A self-administered questionnaire composed of socio-demographic, work-related characteristics, financial incentives received by PCPs and their job performance was used. The association between financial incentives and job performance are analyzed using logistic regression model. The significance level for statistics is set at P < 0.05. Results: The PCPs with higher real income level have lower contextual performance (OR = 0.67, p < 0.01) and learning performance (OR = 0.63, p < 0.01) than those with lower real income level. The PCPs with the expectation of income rising above 50% have lower contextual performance (OR = 0.66, p < 0.05) than those with the expectation of income rising above 20%. The PCPs with preference for monetary income have lower task performance (OR = 0.62, p < 0.01), contextual performance (OR = 0.55, p < 0.01) and learning performance (OR = 0.57, p < 0.01) than those without lower preference for monetary income. The percent of performance-based income has no significant effect on all the three dimensions of job performance. Conclusion: Financial incentive was regarded as the most important motivating factor of PCPs in China, but existing financial incentives received by PCPs could not improve their job performance. The findings can be attributed to the unsatisfying total income level, “intrinsic motivation crowding out” effect, and the poorly designed performance-based salary system for PCPs. Policy attention is called for to continuing efforts and system reform to increase the total income level for PCPs in China, and improve the performance-based salary system to better motivate PCPs and improve their job performance.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of the Testis of Ciona intestinalis Reveals the Dynamic Transcriptional Profile of Spermatogenesis in Protochordates

Spermatogenesis is a complex and continuous process of germ-cell differentiation. This complex process is regulated by many factors, of which gene regulation in spermatogenic cells plays a decisive role. Spermatogenesis has been widely studied in vertebrates, but little is known about spermatogenesis in protochordates. Here, for the first time, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on 6832 germ cells from the testis of adult Ciona intestinalis. We identified six germ cell populations and revealed dynamic gene expression as well as transcriptional regulation during spermatogenesis. In particular, we identified four spermatocyte subtypes and key genes involved in meiosis in C. intestinalis. There were remarkable similarities and differences in gene expression during spermatogenesis between C. intestinalis and two other vertebrates (Chinese tongue sole and human). We identified many spermatogenic-cell-specific genes with functions that need to be verified. These findings will help to further improve research on spermatogenesis in chordates.
Skill Scores and Correlation Coefficients in Model Verification

Abstract Attributes of the anomaly correlation coefficient, as a model verification measure, are investigated by exploiting a recently developed method of decomposing skill scores into other measures of performance. A mean square error skill score based on historical climatology is decomposed into terms involving the anomaly correlation coefficient, the conditional bias in the forecast, the unconditional bias in the forecast, and the difference between the mean historical and sample climatologies. This decomposition reveals that the square of the anomaly correlation coefficient should be interpreted as a measure of potential rather than actual skill. The decomposition is applied to a small sample of geopotential height field forecasts, for lead times from one to ten days, produced by the medium range forecast (MRF) model. After about four days, the actual skill of the MRF forecasts (as measured by the “climatological skill score”) is considerably less than their potential skill (as measured by the anomaly.
Immunonutrition in major oncologic head and neck surgery: Analysis of complications, plasmatic equilibrium, and costs

Malnutrition, in patients with solid tumors, is associated with a worse clinical outcome and about 40% of patients affected by head and neck cancers (HNC) are malnourished at the time of cancer diagnosis. We investigated the potential benefit of a standardized immunonutritional protocol (INP) to patients with HNC receiving major ablative surgery.
Wireless Link Scheduling Over Recurrent Riemannian Manifolds

Deep learning models for scheduling of potentially-interfering communication pairs, in device-to-device (D2D) settings, require large training samples in the order of hundreds to thousands. Some of the dynamic networks, such as vehicular networks, cannot tolerate the waiting time associated with gathering a large number of training samples. Spatio-temporal correlation among communication pairs in such networks can be utilized to reduce the learning phase. In this paper, we propose a Riemannian-geometric recurrent neural network (R-RNN) method based on statistical recurrent unit (SRU) for wireless link scheduling. First, we represent local graphs around each D2D pair in any finite time frame as a sequence of points on Riemannian manifold thanks to representing its topology as a symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrix. We compute the Riemannian metric, i.e., Stein metric, which are suitable measures of time-dependence among D2D pairs. Then we use the Stein metric in the proposed R-RNN method to forecast the link scheduling decisions for a finite number of successive time slots ahead. Simulation results reveal that the proposed method achieves promising performance against the state-of-the-arts with only 45 training samples.
Rounding of earnings per share and managerial insider selling

ABSTRACT We hypothesize that managers anticipate a disproportionately larger price increase associated with rounded earnings per share (EPS) and make additional effort to round EPS when they plan to sell shares after the earnings announcement. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that managers who round diluted EPS have higher managerial insider sales following the earnings announcement compared to managers who do not. Furthermore, we find that the positive association between rounding of diluted EPS and subsequent stock sales undertaken by chief financial officers (CFOs) is stronger when the level of abnormal stock repurchases is higher, consistent with managers’ strategic behavior.
Retrospective, real‐life study of venetoclax plus azacitidine or low‐dose cytarabine in French patients with acute myeloid leukemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy

Recently, the combination of venetoclax plus a hypomethylating agent (HMA; azacitidine ordecitabine) or low‐dose cytarabine (LDAC) showed promise in Phase III trials in previously untreated AML. In France at the time of this study, venetoclax was not yet approved for AML and there were therefore no formal usage recommendations. Here we report the first study in a French cohort that assessed venetoclax in combination with existing treatments for AML under real‐life conditions.
Rounding effects on doped sulfur’s living polymerization: The case of As and Se

The role of ``impurities'' or doping on the living polymerization of sulfur has been put under focus by means of a temperature dependent Raman study of the ${\mathrm{As}}_{x}{\mathrm{S}}_{100\ensuremath{-}x}$ and ${\mathrm{Se}}_{y}{\mathrm{S}}_{100\ensuremath{-}y}$ ($x=0.5,2,5$ and $y=2,5$) systems. Reduced isotropic Raman spectra have been analyzed properly to yield the temperature dependence of the extent of polymerization, $\ensuremath{\phi}(T)$, in each case. The general trend is that the presence of either As or Se facilitates the $\text{monomer}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\text{polymer}$ transition of sulfur giving rise to three major effects: (i) A reduction of the transition temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{tr}}$ from neat sulfur's ${T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}\ensuremath{\approx}159\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ to an extent which depends on the doping level and the type of the impurity, i.e., As or Se. (ii) The presence of As atoms engenders severe ``rounding'' on the sharpness of neat sulfur's $\ensuremath{\lambda}$-shaped transition as evidenced from both the less abrupt increase of $\ensuremath{\phi}(T)$ function and the wider and more symmetrical shape of the calculated heat capacity peak. In contrast, in Se-doped mixtures, the characteristics of a second order phase transition seem to be retained. (iii) The As-doped mixtures exhibit appreciable polymer content at temperatures below ${T}_{\mathrm{tr}}$, whereas in Se doping the low temperature behavior of $\ensuremath{\phi}(T)$ resembles that of neat S. Thermodynamic parameters concerning the propagation step of sulfur's polymerization reaction have been also calculated demonstrating the apparent reduction of the associated enthalpy with increasing the doping level of As and its approximate invariance with respect to Se doping level. Finally, an examination of the depolarization ratio of the scattered light for the mixtures studied in this paper demonstrated subtle but systematic changes, when crossing the transition temperature, originating from local structural changes associated with the polymerization process.
Generalized derivations of left faithful rings

Let R be a left faithful ringU its right Utumi quotient ring and ρ a dense right ideal of R. An additive map g: ρ → U is called a generalized derivation if there exists a derivation δ of ρ into U such that for all x,y∈ρ. In this note, we prove that there exists an element a∈ U such that for all x ∈ ρ. From this characterization, it is proved that if R is a semiprime ring and if g is a generalized derivation with nilpotent values of bounded index, then g = 0. Analogous results are also obtained for the case of generalized derivations with nilpotent values on Lie ideals or one-sided ideals.
Beetles on the move: Not‐just‐a‐technical review of beetles' radio‐tracking

Radio telemetry with very high‐frequency transmitters is a powerful tool for studying the movement patterns of animals. Although this tracking technology is widely utilized for various vertebrates, its application is limited to only a fraction of large‐bodied insect species. Among them, beetles are the most popular insect group used for radio‐tracking due to their relatively large body size, solid exoskeleton, and to some extent the well‐known ecological background of some species. Here, we review the available literature about radio telemetry applied to beetles, focusing on current methodological advantages and constraints to record their movement, as well as how this method can assist in understanding various ecological aspects of beetle life history. Regardless of the huge potential of radio‐tracking, the number of tracked beetle species is still very low, covering so far only 13 species belonging to five families that were studied almost exclusively in the Western Palearctic region. Most studies were descriptive, measuring simple trajectory parameters and examining movement behavior as a single strategy that is not triggered by any particular internal or external cues. Ecological aspects have been accessed to a lesser extent, especially in relation to the effects of abiotic factors and habitat use. There are still conceptual knowledge gaps: promising statistical approaches for movement analyses can connect movement patterns with specific habitat utilization but they are not yet used by entomologists. Moreover, knowing the movement patterns of many individuals and species can assist us to understand the composition and dynamics at the community level.
Anatomical Study of Sites and Surface Area of the Attachment Region of Tibial Posterior Tendon Attachment

Background: The purpose of this study was not only to examine the attachment site but also to quantify the effect of the tibialis posterior tendon (TPT) on each attachment site by examining the surface area of the attachment region. Methods: We examined 100 feet from 50 Japanese cadavers. The TPT attachment to the navicular bone (NB), medial cuneiform bone (MCB), and lateral cuneiform bone (LCB) were set as the main attachment sites (Type I). The attachment seen in Type I with the addition of one additional site of attachment was defined as Type II. Furthermore, surface area was measured using a three-dimensional scanner. Results: Attachment to the NB, MCB, and LCB was present in all specimens. The TPT attachment to the NB, MCB, and LCB comprised 75.1% of total attachment surface area. The ratio of the NB, MCB, and LCB in each type was about 90% in Types II and III, and 70–80% in Types IV–VII. Conclusion: The quantitative results demonstrated the NB, MCB, and LCB to be the main sites of TPT attachment, although individual differences in attachment sites exist, further developing the findings of previous studies.
Impact of integrated weed management practices on cotton economics and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) populations

Abstract The threat of herbicide-resistant weed species, such as Palmer amaranth, has driven the development of robust weed management programs that rely on more than chemicals for weed control. Previous research has shown that zero-tolerance weed thresholds, cover crops, deep tillage, and diverse herbicide programs are effective strategies for controlling Palmer amaranth. Unfortunately, research investigating the integration of all four of these weed management strategies in a system is lacking. To better leverage these integrated weed management strategies in cotton production systems, a long-term study was initiated in fall 2018 near Marianna, AR, with zero tolerance, deep tillage, a cereal rye cover crop, and either a dicamba or non-dicamba in-crop herbicide program as factors. Results found that total Palmer amaranth emergence was reduced 76% as the result of deep tillage in 2019 and, in the absence of a zero-tolerance strategy, 73% in 2020. In the absence of a zero-tolerance strategy, the combination of a non–cover crop strategy and dicamba herbicide program decreased total Palmer amaranth emergence by 73%, while the combination of a cover crop strategy and dicamba herbicide program decreased total Palmer amaranth emergence by 78% compared to the combination of a cover crop and non-dicamba herbicide program. Under a zero-tolerance strategy in 2019, tillage reduced cotton yield by 12% and partial returns by US$370 ha-1. In 2020, tillage reduced cotton yield by 14% and partial returns of US$371 ha-1 under a non-zero-tolerance strategy, while a 12% yield reduction and a US$260 ha-1 decrease in partial returns were observed under a zero-tolerance strategy. In 2019, the non-dicamba program resulted in greater partial returns than the dicamba in-crop program because of greater yield and lower program costs. However, in 2020, partial returns were greater for the dicamba in-crop herbicide program owing to greater yields achieved by this program. Nomenclature: dicamba; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.
An Ultrahigh-Sensitivity and Wide-Range Measurement System of Dissolved CO2 for Deep-Sea Nature Gas Hydrates Exploration

A compact and high-sensitivity sensing system is required for the exploration of natural gas hydrates (NGHs) to measure dissolved CO2 in seawater. In this study, a mid-infrared (MIR) CO2-sensing system was investigated by wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS). The system contained an interband cascade laser (ICL) operating in MIR wavelength, an optical multipass gas cell (MPGC), and an MIR mercury cadmium telluride detector. A combination of three absorption lines was utilized to achieve measurement with a wide CO2-concentration range. Additionally, we proposed and introduced in detail a method of optimizing the operating temperature, pressure, and modulation depth. The optimum minimum detection limit (MDL) of 11 ppbv was achieved when the integration time was 145 s. In the northern South China Sea, a deep-sea test was performed, and the test results validated the satisfactory performance of the sensing system for deep-sea NGH exploration.
Fatigue, Emotional Distress, and Illness Uncertainty in Patients with Metastatic Cancer: Results from the Prospective NEOETIC_SEOM Study

A cancer diagnosis can have a substantial impact on a patient’s mental health and quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of fatigue, emotional distress, and uncertainty and examine the predictive value they have on the quality of life of advanced cancer patients. A prospective, multicenter study was conducted between February 2020 and May 2021 of individuals diagnosed with an advanced, unresectable neoplasm prior to initiating systemic antineoplastic treatment. Participants completed questionnaires to quantify fatigue, emotional distress, disease uncertainty, and quality of life. A linear regression analysis was performed to study the predictive QoL variables. The study population comprised 508 patients, 53.7% of whom were male and had a mean age of 54.9 years. The most common cancers were digestive (40.6%), bronchopulmonary (29.1%), and breast (8.5%); the most frequent histology was adenocarcinoma (63%); and most were stage IV (79.7%). More than half (55.7%) suffered fatigue, and 47.7% exhibited emotional distress; both were more prevalent among women. Fatigue, emotional distress, and disease uncertainty all correlate with diminished quality of life. Similarly, ECOG performance status and the demographic variables of age, sex, and comorbidities impacted quality of life. This patient sample displayed a high prevalence of fatigue and emotional distress, together with illness uncertainty, which are clearly linked to waning quality of life. To decrease the experience of fatigue and improve mental health treatment in cancer patients, interventions based on a biopsychosocial model must be intensified.
JHK photometry of planetary nebulae.

On presente la photometrie infrarouge (JHK) de 80 nebuleuses planetaires. Les nebuleuses sont classees suivant l'origine principale de l'emission IR: nebuleuse, etoile, poussiere ou une combinaison des trois. On note l'existence de quelques objets particuliers. On a trouve une correlation entre (J-H) 0 et He + /H