Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Granular Physics‐Based View of Fault Friction Experiments

Rate‐ and state‐dependent friction (RSF) equations are commonly used to describe the time‐dependent frictional response of fault gouge to perturbations in sliding velocity. Among the better‐known versions are the Aging and Slip laws for the evolution of state. Although the Slip law is more successful, neither can predict all the robust features of lab data. RSF laws are also empirical, and their micromechanical origin is a matter of much debate. Here we use a granular physics‐based model to explore the extent to which RSF behavior, as observed in rock and gouge friction experiments, can be explained by the response of a granular gouge layer with time‐independent properties at the contact scale. We examine slip histories for which abundant lab data are available and find that the granular model (1) mimics the Slip law for those loading protocols where the Slip law accurately models laboratory data (velocity‐step and slide‐hold tests) and (2) deviates from the Slip law under conditions where the Slip law fails to match laboratory data (the reslide portions of slide‐hold‐slide tests), in the proper sense to better match those data. The simulations also indicate that state is sometimes decoupled from porosity in a way that is inconsistent with traditional interpretations of “state” in RSF. Finally, if the “granular temperature” of the gouge is suitably normalized by the confining pressure, it produces an estimate of the direct velocity effect (the RSF parameter a) that is consistent with our simulations and in the ballpark of lab data.
Synthesis and anti-influenza virus activity of novel glycopolymers having triantennary oligosaccharide branches

An efficient method for the synthesis of novel glycopolymers with triantennary sialooligosaccharides showing potent anti-influenza virus activity is described. Polymerisable glycoside of triantennary N-acetyllactosamine [β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose, Galβ(1→4)GlcNAc] is synthesised from lactose and 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4-nitroheptane-1,7-diol as key starting materials, and converted into water-soluble glycopolymers by radical copolymerisation with acrylamide. Subsequent enzymic sialylation using cytidine 5′-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) with α-2,3-sialyltransferase from porcine liver or with α-2,6-sialyltransferase from rat liver gives novel glycoprotein mimics having potent inhibitory activity against influenza virus infection. It is demonstrated that the present triantennary glycoligands exhibit much higher biological activities than the effects by glycopolymers derived from the simple monovalent-type glycomonomers.
Tree rings in tropical Callitris macleayana F. Muell.

Growth rings were examined in trees of Callitrzs macleayana from the Atherton Tablelands in Queensland, Australia. The climate is tropical with a distinct dry season that induces regular annual growth rings. A correlation of 0 74 was found between annual ring widths and the duration of the wet seasons. The potential of this species for dendrochronological study is apparent.
The Northern Terminus of Cascadia Subduction

The Juan de Fuca (JDF) plate system is pivoting and breaking apart as a result of resistance to subduction. At the northern end, the Explorer (EXP) plate moves independently of the JDF plate along the Nootka Fault Zone (NFZ), which forms an unstable triple junction with the JDF ridge and the Sovanco Fracture Zone. We trace the subsurface extension of the NFZ using tomography by combining results from a new nearshore study with a previous ocean‐bottom study and other geophysical constraints. Cross sections from the offshore NFZ through central Vancouver Island suggest a strong fold in the subducting lithosphere (∼40°). Near the deformation front, the NFZ is defined by microseismicity that extends into oceanic mantle with low VP/VS (<1.7) values. This anomaly extends to the NE below the continental shelf with a more northerly trajectory than common NFZ depictions through the seismicity concentration off Nootka Island. Tremor locations and receiver functions indicate that this more northerly trajectory persists across Vancouver Island. We propose a revised tectonic evolution for the NFZ that leads to (i) an EXP microplate confined to shallow depths below the convergent margin and which underthrusts North America no farther landward than Brooks Peninsula and (ii) a northern edge of Cascadia subduction that cuts between Brooks Peninsula and Nootka Island. The plate fold offshore Nootka Island and abundant seismicity there and at Brooks Peninsula are ascribed to stress concentrations on either side of the NFZ associated with deformation at the edges of more competent JDF, EXP, and North American plates.
Fermentation of barley straw by anaerobic rumen bacteria and fungi in axenic culture and in co‐culture with methanogens

When incubated in axenic culture, strains of anaerobic rumen fungi were more active than cellulolytic bacteria in solubilizing barley straw stem fragments 5 to 10 mm in length. Pretreatment with ammonia had little effect on microbial attack. Of three species of methanogens tested, Methanobrevibacter smithii strain PS formed the most stable and reproducible co‐cultures with the fungi and with Ruminococcus albus, and the presence of this organism enhanced the extent of degradation of straw, although this effect was less marked than that previously observed when pure cellulose was used as substrate.
Folic Acid Anemia in Coho Salmon

Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fed a folic acid-deficient diet and sampled at 6, 9, 12, and 14 weeks developed macrocytic anemia. The anemia, first observed at 6 weeks, was characterized by a significant reduction in red blood cell count as well as macrocytosis and poikilocytosis of erythrocytes. The abnormally shaped erythrocytes observed in peripheral blood smears may be an important aid in the identification of folic acid deficiency in coho salmon. Gross manifestations of the deficiency were extremely pale gills; exophthalmia, often accompanied by ascites fluid; dark coloration; and reduction in growth. Fish recovered after 8 weeks on a diet adequate in folic acid and exhibited a normal blood picture.
Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Media for Professional Development and Learning in Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy

Social media sites (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, Voxer, Instagram, etc.) have become platforms for self-directed professional development and learning (PDL) for many educators, including physical educators and sports coaches. The aim of this chapter is to provide an introduction to this current monograph on physical educators’ and sports coaches’ social media use for PDL by presenting key issues and relevant literature, and previewing the chapters to follow. The chapter begins with a background discussion of social media, followed by brief literature reviews of PDL research in education and physical education and sport pedagogy, and research on social media use for PDL. Next, an overview of key theories and concepts used within the monograph is provided. The chapter concludes with individual summaries of the six empirical chapters of the monograph.
RNA Metabolism in Primary Cultures of Xenopus laevis Kidney Cells. II. Comparison of the Pattern of RNA Synthesis at Different Phases of Growth

The incorporation pattern of 3H-uridine into various RNA species was examined at the lag, logarithmic and stationary phases in primary cultures of Xenopus laevis kidney cells. The relative amount of labeling of 40S ribosomal RNA precursor was strikingly high in stationary phase cells. It was suggested that in addition to the transcription rate of ribosomal RNA genes, the processing rate of the ribosomal RNA precursor may be reduced when cellular proliferation becomes inactive at the stationary phase.
Do Pilot and Demonstration Projects Work? Evidence from a Green Building Program

Pilot and demonstration (P&D) projects are commonly deployed to catalyze early adoption of technology but are poorly understood in terms of mechanism and impact. We conceptually distinguish unique functions of pilots and demonstrations, then examine whether they accelerate adoption in the case of green building technology. To identify effects on adoption, we develop a difference-in-difference-in-differences strategy, exploiting variation in timing, location, and technologies of green building P&Ds. Results indicate local quarterly green building adoption rates double following completion of a P&D project. Further analyses examine mechanisms driving this effect. The results suggest green building demonstration projects create learning externalities, proliferating technology diffusion in local markets and through building owner networks. Together, these results suggest that investments in P&D projects by public and private actors can lower costs for subsequent adoption.
Anticorrelation of compressibility and resistivity in a microwave-irradiated two-dimensional electron system

We report our direct study of the compressibility on an ultrahigh mobility two-dimensional electron system (${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{e}\ensuremath{\sim}$ $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V s) in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells under microwave irradiation. The field penetration current results show that the quantum capacitance oscillates with microwave-induced resistance oscillations, however, the trend is opposite with respect to the compressibility of equilibrium states in previous theoretical explanations. The anomalous phenomena provide a platform for study on the nonequilibrium system under microwaves. Moreover, the quantum capacitance indication for a multiphoton process around $j=1/2$ is detected under an intensive microwave below 30 GHz.
English as a Lingua Franca: Perspectives from International MA TESOL Students in the United States

English learning and teaching have taken many forms in the last years. It is studied as a foreign language and a second language, and with specific purposes in technical fields of knowledge. However, in a broader context, English has become the lingua franca of communication and business. This new paradigm has impacted how teachers and learners see the acquisition of English. While some people prefer native or native-like English learning models, others are getting away from it. That is, some prefer intelligible communication rather than native-likeness. Therefore, this quantitative non-experimental study examined international MA TESOL students' perspectives about their awareness of English as a lingua franca and investigated their aspirations and preferences as English learners. The sample was composed of 20 non-native English teachers. Data were collected through an online survey that examined teachers' preferred models of English, beliefs about the most conducive environments for learning English, aspirations for correctness, intelligibility, and fluency. The findings provided empirical evidence that non-native English teachers are aware of the different English varieties and that they recognize these varieties as valid forms of English. This study found that participants put a higher emphasis on intelligibility than on grammatical accuracy if they thought that certain utterances would not impede communication. However, the results revealed a dual orientation in participants' aspirations, where their strong preferences paradoxically contradicted their awareness of the diversity of English varieties and their emphasis on intelligibility for native-like models of pronunciation and lexical knowledge. The implications of this study suggest that TESOL teacher education programs should provide spaces for analysis of the role of ELF in international learning milieus.
Electrochemical Study of Anodized Titanium in Phosphoric Acid

The anodization of the Ti-Cu (2%) alloy was carried out in a 5M H3PO4 solution for 2 minutes. The obtained layers are characterized by XPS, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the obtained films are composed of poorly crystallized TiO2 oxide. Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy studies revealed that the thickness of the formed film increases with increasing anodization potential. Additionally, the resistance of charge transfer becomes higher when the anodization potential increases. Thus, the Mott Schottky model revealed that the formed film is an n-type semiconductor. The density of charge carriers is in good agreement with those found in the literature. Also, it is found that the flat-band potential increases with increasing treatment potential.
Metal–oxide–semiconductor interface properties of TiN/Y2O3/Si0.62Ge0.38 gate stacks with high temperature post-metallization annealing

We investigate the influence of an interfacial layer (IL) formed by plasma pre-oxidation on atomic layer deposition TiN/Y2O3/Si0.62Ge0. 38 metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) gate stacks on the electrical characteristics of the MOS interfaces in order to examine the physical mechanism of the interface trap density (Dit) of SiGe MOS interfaces. The post-metallization annealing (PMA) temperature significantly decreases Dit. It is found that, at any PMA temperature, Dit at the MOS interfaces without pre-oxidation is lower than that with pre-oxidation. The low Dit value of 7 × 1011 eV−1 cm−2 is obtained for TiN/Y2O3/SiGe without pre-oxidation after PMA at 450 °C. It is revealed that the ILs of TiN/Y2O3 stacks with and without pre-oxidation after PMA consist mainly of YSiOx/SiGeOx and YSiOx, respectively. The physical origins of reduction in Dit without pre-oxidation and after PMA are attributable to the reduction in the amount of Ge–O bonds at the interface and an annealing effect of distorted Ge–O bonds, respectively.
Psychological factors strengthening homeless youths’ life satisfaction

ABSTRACT Life satisfaction among homeless youth is particularly low, yet remains a poorly investigated phenomenon. This study aims to explore three positive psychological factors related to homeless youth’s life satisfaction: self-esteem, coping strategies, and social support. Seventy-four homeless adolescents from eight different shelters in Quebec (Canada) were interviewed to fill out self-report questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis revealed that coping strategies focused on solving the problem, positive self-esteem, and to worry less about the future contributed the most to homeless youths’ life satisfaction. These psychological variables contributed to life satisfaction after adjusting for a set of potential covariates: gender, sexual abuse, and mental health. In conclusion, improving homeless youths’ self-esteem, developing their capacity to actively solve their problems, and finding alternatives to unproductive worry seem to represent key components for enhancing homeless adolescents’ life satisfaction.
Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring based on Deep Neural Network and Differential Current

In daily life, it is easy to obtain the power consumption information of a house by installing an energy meter at the entrance. The non-intrusive load monitoring method can decompose the power consumption and the working state of a specific load according to the aggregated information of the power inlet, and then help people to save electricity. Here, we present a novel and complete non-intrusive load identification algorithm based on deep neural network and differential current. The algorithm includes several modules for data preparation, event detection, feature extraction and load identification, and uses the BLUED dataset to test the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Washington Creeping Bentgrass, Agrostis palustris Huds. II. Incidence of Dollar Spot, Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, Infection1

A field experhnent was established to evaluate influence of nitrogenous fertilizers on susceptibility of ‘Washington’ creeping bentgrass, Agrostis palustris Huds. , to dollar spot disease, Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F. T. Bennett. The field study also supplied soil and plant tissue used in a series of laboratory experiments to investigate effects of activated sewage sludge and processed tankage on growth of S. homoeocarpa in pure culture. Influences of nitrogenous fertilizer on soil fungistasis and on plant tissue fungistasis were also investigated. High levels of available nitrogen reduced dollar spot injury in field tests. Activated sewage sludge, which was most effective in producting disease resistant turf, did not possess any measurable fungitoxic agents. Soil microbiological activity, fertility, fungistasis and pH were not altered significantly by fertilizer treatment.
Cell nucleus and membrane recovery after exposure to microwaves

Cell nucleus and membrane recovery after exposure to microwaves Cells of human buccal epithelium of six male donors were exposed to microwave radiation (frequency f = 36.64 GHz, power density W = 0.1, 1 and 4 W/m2). Exposure time was 10 seconds. The state of chromatin in cell nucleus was estimated by a number of heterochromatin granules after staining with 2% orcein in 45% acetic acid. Permeability of cell membranes was estimated by percentage of unstained cells after 5 min of staining the cells with vital dyes trypan blue (0.5%) and indigocarmine (5 mM). Cell exposure to microwaves induced chromatin condensation (increase of the number of heterochromatin granules) and increase of membrane permeability to trypan blue and indigocarmine. Isolated human buccal cells demonstrated the ability to recover after microwave exposure. The number of heterochromatin granules decreased to its initial level after 0.5 hour (W = 0.1 W/m2) and 2 hours (W = 1 and 4 W/m2) after cell exposure. Cell plasma membrane permeability recovered later — after 1 hour and 3 hours post exposure, respectively. Šūnu kodolu un membrānu atjaunošanās pēc apstrādes ar mikroviļņiem Eksperimentāli noteikta vīriešu epitēlija šūnu atjaunošanās dinamika atkarībā no mikroviļņu apstarošanas devas.
Queen number as an adaptable trait: evidence from wild populations of two red ant species (genus Myrmica).

D'apres Nonacs les hypotheses expliquant la polygynie peuvent etre classees dans quatre groupes ne s'excluant pas: la selection kin, le mutualisme, la selection de groupe, et une forme de parasitisme.Cet auteur a developpe des modeles pour tester si la premiere hypothese peut expliquer l'evolution de la polygynie.Cette etude recherche les variations intraspecifiques des niveaux de polygynie et les correlations ecologiques qui peuvent decouler des conclusions de Nonacs, en presentant et en analysant les donnees d'une etude longitudinale sur les nombres de reines dans les populations de M. rubra et M. limanica.
Response rates, long term outcomes and toxicity profile of gemcitabine and vinorelbine based outpatient chemotherapy regimen in primary progressive and relapsed childhood Hodgkin lymphoma

Abstract This study aimed to determine response rates, overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS) and toxicity profile of an outpatient chemotherapy regimen based on gemcitabine and vinorelbine (GV) for relapsed childhood Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). This was a retrospective study that included 41 patients up to the age of 18 years with relapsed HL. Twelve patients (29%) had primary progressive disease (PPD), 6 (15%) had early relapse (ER) and 23 (56%) had late relapse (LR). The overall initial response rate was 83% (LR: 87%, ER: 83%, PPD: 75%. p-value: .2). Three-year combined OS was 80% (LR: 89%, ER: 80%, PPD: 65%. p-value: .07) and EFS 71% (LR: 86%, ER: 62%, PPD: 47%. p-value: .01). There were no toxic deaths. Febrile neutropenia was observed in four patients (9.6%) and lung toxicity in 1 patient (2.4%). This study suggests that outpatient GV is an effective and low toxicity salvage regimen for relapsed childhood HL.
Colonization of growing fruit by the armored scales Lepidosaphes beckii, Parlatoria pergandii and Aonidiella aurantii (Hom., Diaspididae)

Abstract: The process of invasion of the fruit surface by three species of armored scale insects [Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman), Parlatoria pergandii Comstock and Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell)], was studied in citrus orchards in València, Spain. Three periods of intense crawler migration were detected annually for L. beckii and P. pergandii. Abundance of crawlers increased throughout the year and they moved outwards in the tree canopy. The fruit was continuously invaded during the period of fruit growth, starting at a very early stage of fruit development, by crawlers of the first generation of all the three species. Differences in fruit invasion and settling behaviour were found between the three species. First‐generation crawlers tended to settle under the fruit calyx in L. beckii and P. pergandii, and on the exposed fruit surface in A. aurantii. During the second generation, most A. aurantii scales originated from reproducing females already settled on the fruit, whereas in L. beckii and P. pergandii new scales came preferentially from other tree substrates or from females settled under the fruit calyx. These findings suggest changes to optimize the timing of chemical sprays for controlling the scales.
Energetic implications of disturbance caused by petroleum exploration to woodland caribou

Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Alberta are classified as endangered and apparently have declined. Disturbance from petroleum exploration has been implicated as a possible cause, so we constructed a simple model to estimate the energy costs of multiple encounters with disturbance (i.e., loud noise). Our objective was to estimate if woodland caribou in northeastern Alberta have been exposed to enough disturbance from 1988 to 1993 to cause winter mass loss to exceed either (i) 15% autumn mass or (ii) 20% autumn mass. A single disturbance event costs caribou 3.46-5.81 MJ. Caribou would have to encounter (i) 20-34 (mean = 27) disturbance events to lose >15% mass over winter and (ii) 41-137 (mean = 89) events to lose >20% mass. There were five occasions from 1988 to 1993 (i.e., in a particular caribou distribution zone and winter) when the encounter rate (number of potential encounters per square kilometre) exceeded a level expected to result in caribou losing more than the estimated mean 15% autumn mass. There were four occasions when the encounter rate exceeded the lower limit expected to cause >20% mass loss and one occasion when it approached the mean rate expected to cause >20% mass loss. Modelling the
Interação genótipo-ambiente em algumas características produtivas de gado de corte no Brasil

The objective of this study was to measure the genotype-environment interaction (GEI) effect on some growth traits in Nellore cattle. Data from 2,896 records of pre-weaning (PW), 2,605 of weaning (WW) and 1,522 of post-yearling (YW) weights with a total of 9,911 pedigree animals from two farms of different regions of Minas Gerais State, South (farm I) and Northeast (farm II) were analyzed. Contemporary groups consider the effects of month-year of birth, sex, and herd. Only data from animals raised under pasture conditions were used. Covariance components were estimated by MTDFREML. Direct heritability obtained from bivariate analyses were 0.24, 0.16 and 0.17 (farm I) and 0.25, 0.24 and 0.17 (farm II) for PW, WW and YW, respectively. The ranking correlations between farms were 0.74, 0.76 and 0.51 and genetic correlations between farms were 0.96, 0.95 and 0.53 for PW, WW and YW, respectively. These results showed that there was no evidence of GEI up to weaning time but there was a significant effect of this interaction on the post-yearling weight. If selection criterion includes growth traits measured after weaning, regional evaluation should be recommended for bulls choice.