Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mineral paraffins in vegetable oils and refinery by-products for animal feeds

Les huiles vegetales brutes contiennent souvent entre 30 et 150 mg/kg de paraffines minerales avec 10-40 atomes de carbone, dont environ un tiers reste dans l'huile apres le processus de desodorisation. La presence, les concentrations et les compositions de ces paraffines paraient etre irregulieres, ce qui suggere plusieurs sources (la plupart du temps inconnues) de contamination. La toxicite ne peut pas etre evaluee tant que les materiaux, qui contiennent les paraffines analysees, ne sont pas identifies. Pendant la raffination des huiles alimentaires on obtient un sous-produit contenant des acides gras libres et le condensat de la desodorisation. Il etait souvent utilise pour la production d'aliments pour animaux (ev. apres l'extraction d'autres constituants nutritifs). Il contient normalement entre 200 et 3000 mg/kg de paraffines minerales, ce qui depasse largement la limite suisse de 30 mg/kg. Ces paraffines sont extraites pendant la desodorisation et enrichies par les acides utilisees pour laver les vapeurs qui quittent le desodorisateur.
Current neuroscientific research database findings of brain activity changes after hypnosis

ABSTRACT Using multi-modal brain imaging techniques we found pronounced changes in neuronal activity after hypnotic trance induction whereby state changes seem to occur synchronously with the specific induction instructions. In clinical patients, hypnosis proved to be a powerful method in inhibiting the reaction of the fear circuitry structures. The aim of the present paper is to critically discuss the limitations of the current neuroscientific research database in the light of a debate in defining relevant hypnotic constructs and to suggest ideas for future research projects. We discuss the role of hypnotic suggestibility (HS), the impact of hypnotic inductions and the importance of the depth of hypnotic trance. We argue that future research on brain imaging studies on the effects of hypnosis and hypnotherapy should focus on the analysis of individual cross-network activation patterns. A most promising approach is to simultaneously include physiological parameters linked to cognitive, somatic, and behavioral effects.
Diffusion study for chloride ions and water molecules in C-S-H gel in nano-scale using molecular dynamics: Case study of tobermorite

Porous materials such as concrete could be subjected to aggressive ions transport. Durability of cement paste is extremely depended on water and ions penetration into its interior sections. These ions transport could lead different damages depending on reactivity of ions, their concentrations and diffusion coefficients. In this paper, chloride diffusion process in cement hydrates is simulated at atomistic scale using molecular dynamics. Most important phase of cement hydrates is calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). Tobermorite, one of the most famous crystal analogues of C-S-H, is used as substrate in the simulation model. To conduct simulation, a nanopore is considered in the middle of simulation cell to place water molecules and aggressive ions. Different chloride salts are considered in models to find out which one is better for calculation of the transport properties. Diffusion coefficients of water molecules and chloride ions are calculated and validated with existing analytical and experimental works. There are relatively good agreements among simulation outputs and experimental results.
Energy conservation attitudes and intentions: investigating place attachment in Eastern Transylvania, Romania (Actitudes e intenciones respecto al ahorro de energía: investigando el apego al lugar en Transilvania Oriental, Rumanía)

ABSTRACT This study explores the relationship between place attachment and energy conservation attitudes and behavioural intentions in the Pogány-havas microregion of Romania. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine three dimensions of place attachment: place identity, place dependence and nature bonding. While place attachment in the region is high, structural equation modelling (SEM) revealed negative links between place dependence and energy conservation attitudes and between place identity and behavioural intention. However, insignificant regression weights between the constructs suggest there are many unexplained factors that mediate the relationship between place attachment and energy attitudes and behavioural intentions in this region. These results suggest that future research on rural energy transitions should take a systemic perspective that includes additional constraints (e.g., material and structural) that may better explain how individuals develop energy attitudes and behaviours.
Emotions and affect in terrorism research: Epistemological shift and ways ahead

ABSTRACT From the perspective of emotion and affect research, a double paradox structures the study of terrorism. The first paradox consists in assuming terrorist violence’s clear psychological impact without unpacking its affective workings. The second relates to the presumption of organisations’ strategically rational turn to terrorist violence, thereby emptying accounts of non-state actors’ motivations of complex, intersubjective emotional dynamics. The article argues that an epistemological shift is necessary in terrorism research to question the relationship between emotions/affects and knowledge/power. Drawing on concepts and theoretical engagements from emotion and affect research in global politics, the article interrogates how emotions/affects inform political agency and how researchers may explore their complex, diffuse, and partly contradictory sociopolitical effects. The article illustrates the value of such theoretical engagements by turning to two examples, in which the performance of (non-state) collective emotions, on one side, and the state politics of emotion, on the other, highlight the ambiguous political effects of emotions/affects.
Triathlete Adapts to Breathing Restricted to the Nasal Passage Without loss in VO2max or vVO2max

This case study investigated the effect of restricting breathing to the nasopharynx versus the oropharynx on the ability to perform maximal and high level steady state running in a highly trained triathlete who previously adapted himself to nasal only breathing during exercise as a means of inhibiting exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). The subject was tested using a maximal graded treadmill protocol (GXT) to voluntary exhaustion followed 10 minutes later by a 6 minute steady state treadmill protocol (SS) at 85% of the previously achieved maximal velocity in both breathing conditions. Oxygen uptake was measured via indirect calorimetry and 1 second forced expiratory volumes (FEV 1 ) were measured with spirometry. In the GXT trials the subject produced a time to exhaustion (TE) of 6:24, a maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max ) of 3.92 L/min. and a velocity at VO2 max ( V VO 2max ) of 9.7 mph while breathing only through the nasopharynx (NB). While breathing only through the oropharynx (OB) he produced a TE of 6:15, a VO2 max of 3.80 L/min. and a V VO 2max of 9.7 mph. During the 6 minute SS trials running at 8.0 mph, his mean oxygen consumption was 4.16 L/min. in NB and 3.99 L/min. in OB. The subject experienced a 17% reduction in FEV 1 (Pre = 5.03 L/sec., Post = 4.17 L/sec.) following the OB GXT not seen following the NB GXT. This case study confirms the ability of a highly trained competitive triathlete to adapt to breathing restricted to the nasopharynx during running at both a maximal effort and a subsequent high level steady state effort without a loss in performance or peak aerobic capacity, as a means of inhibiting EIB.
Novel Score for Stratifying Risk of Critical Care Needs in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Objective To develop a risk prediction score identifying patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at low risk for critical care. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data of 451 patients with ICH between 2010 and 2018. The sample was randomly divided into a development and a validation cohort. Logistic regression was used to develop a risk score by weighting independent predictors of intensive care unit (ICU) needs according to strength of association. The risk score was tested in the validation cohort and externally validated in a dataset from another institution. Results The rate of ICU interventions was 80.3%. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and ICH volume were independent predictors of critical care, resulting in the following point assignments for the Intensive Care Triaging in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (INTRINSIC) score: SBP 160 to 190 mm Hg (1 point), SBP >190 mm Hg (3 points); GCS 8 to 13 (1 point), GCS <8 (3 points); ICH volume 16 to 40 cm3 (1 point), ICH volume >40 cm3 (2 points); and presence of IVH (1 point), with values ranging between 0 and 9. Among patients with a score of 0 and no ICU needs during their emergency department stay, 93.6% remained without critical care needs. In an external validation cohort of patients with ICH, the INTRINSIC score achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.823 (95% confidence interval 0.782–0.863). A score <2 predicted the absence of critical care needs with 48.5% sensitivity and 88.5% specificity, and a score <3 predicted the absence of critical care needs with 61.7% sensitivity and 83.0% specificity. Conclusion The INTRINSIC score identifies patients with ICH who are at low risk for critical care interventions. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class II evidence that the INTRINSIC score identifies patients with ICH at low risk for critical care interventions.
Predicting Student Academic Performance using Support Vector Machine and Random Forest

The use of machine learning and data mining in the educational field to predict student performance, known as educational data mining, which has always been an important study area. An early prediction of student performance may help the responsible entities to provide solutions to the students with low performance. Student performance in the final exam could be affected by many factors (e.g., previous assignment grades, social life, parents’ job, and absence frequency). This paper aims to predict student academics performance to enhance the performance of educational organizations to get better academic results of their students. In this paper, classification algorithms and techniques applied were Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Random Forest (RF). Binary classification and regression techniques have been applied with both SVM and RF. In this work, we predict the final grade of mathematics course and Portuguese language course, the dataset consists of 369 and 649 records, respectively. The experimental results for both SVM and RF algorithms applied to both datasets showed that the accuracy in the case of binary classification achieves a superior accurate prediction reach to 93%, while in regression, the lowest RMSE is 1.13 in case of RF.
Detection of humans in drone images for search and rescue operations

Object detection has solved many problems in different applications like monitoring security, search and rescue operations, semantic segmentation, autonomous driving and so on. Despite this huge success rate in normal ground captured images, it is still a challenging task to detect humans or any other objects from the UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) captured images due to a few challenges like pose and scale variations, weather conditions, artefacts like people wearing hats, varying attitude and camouflaged environment. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for the detection of humans in aerial images, for search and rescue operations. This method explains how to train the existing high-resolution aerial database of HERIDAL. The EfficientDET deep neural network is trained using a newly generated database to solve the human detection problem. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed method has achieved the best accuracy of 93.29% mAP compared to all existing methods. The proposed method has been compared to the system used by Croatian Mountain search and rescue (SAR) teams (IPSAR) and also with the state-of-art proposed HERIDAL database paper which is based on extracting the salient features, which has slightly worse result compared to the results of this paper.
A Comprehensive Study on Robust EEG Signal Generation and Evaluation

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) techniques have greatly impacted people’s life in different ways. They are normally implemented by analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) signals extracted from subjects’ scalps with different techniques such as Deep Neural Networks (DNN) that can provide an end-to-end solution for BCI. Unfortunately, such techniques normally require a large sample size, which has always been challenging due to the difficulties in collecting EEG signals from particular subjects. An effective method is increasing the number of EEG samples by Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). The paper preliminarily analyzed the difficulties of GAN and its variants in EEG signal generation. We then introduce the existing GANs and evaluation methods for generating EEG. Finally, the future work for generating EEG is pointed out.
Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance-Based Methods on Body Composition in Young Patients with Obesity

(1) Background: The determination of body composition is an important method to investigate patients with obesity and to evaluate the efficacy of individualized medical interventions. Bioelectrical impedance-based methods are non-invasive and widely applied but need to be validated for their use in young patients with obesity. (2) Methods: We compiled data from three independent studies on children and adolescents with obesity, measuring body composition with two bioelectrical impedance-based devices (TANITA and BIACORPUS). For a small patient group, additional data were collected with air displacement plethysmography (BOD POD) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (3) Results: Our combined data on 123 patients (age: 6–18 years, body mass index (BMI): 21–59 kg/m²) and the individual studies showed that TANITA and BIACORPUS yield significantly different results on body composition, TANITA overestimating body fat percentage and fat mass relative to BIACORPUS and underestimating fat-free mass (p < 0.001 for all three parameters). A Bland–Altman plot indicated little agreement between methods, which produce clinically relevant differences for all three parameters. We detected gender-specific differences with both methods, with body fat percentage being lower (p < 0.01) and fat-free mass higher (p < 0.001) in males than females. (4) Conclusions: Both bioelectrical impedance-based methods provide significantly different results on body composition in young patients with obesity and thus cannot be used interchangeably, requiring adherence to a specific device for repetitive measurements to ascertain comparability of data.
The geometric average of curl-free fields in periodic geometries

Abstract In periodic homogenization problems, one considers a sequence (uη)η{(u^{\eta})_{\eta}} of solutions to periodic problems and derives a homogenized equation for an effective quantity u^{\hat{u}}. In many applications, u^{\hat{u}} is the weak limit of (uη)η{(u^{\eta})_{\eta}}, but in some applications u^{\hat{u}} must be defined differently. In the homogenization of Maxwell’s equations in periodic media, the effective magnetic field is given by the geometric average of the two-scale limit. The notion of a geometric average has been introduced in [G. Bouchitté, C. Bourel and D. Felbacq, Homogenization of the 3D Maxwell system near resonances and artificial magnetism, C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris 347 2009, 9–10, 571–576]; it associates to a curl-free field Y∖Σ¯→ℝ3{Y\setminus\overline{\Sigma}\to\mathbb{R}^{3}}, where Y is the periodicity cell and Σ an inclusion, a vector in ℝ3{\mathbb{R}^{3}}. In this article, we extend previous definitions to more general inclusions, in particular inclusions that are not compactly supported in the periodicity cell. The physical relevance of the geometric average is demonstrated by various results, e.g., a continuity property of limits of tangential traces.
Combustion Properties of Birch (Betula pendula) Black Liquors From Sulfur-Free Pulping

Sulfur-free pulping has an environmental advantage over the traditional kraft process. This article describes the combustion properties of the black liquors produced from silver birch (Betula pendula) sawdust using three different cooking processes: two sulfur-free cooks (soda-anthraquinone and oxygen-alkali), and one reference kraft cook. It also considers the corresponding black liquors from an integrated forest biorefinery, in which a hot-water pretreatment of feedstock was performed prior to pulping. With the same cooking time, the total burning times for the sulfur-free black liquors were higher (15–55%) than those for the conventional kraft black liquors. However, no significant differences were noted between the total burning times for black liquors from pretreated feedstock and those from untreated feedstock. Especially in the case of untreated feedstock, the results showed that the kraft black liquors typically swelled more (25–45%) than the sulfur-free black liquors. It was further observed that the kraft and soda-anthraquinone black liquors from the untreated feedstock swelled more than those from the pretreated feedstock, while the oxygen-alkali black liquors swelled less.
Effect of Sulfate and Organic Matter on the Hydrogen Sulfide Formation in Biofilms of Filled Sanitary Sewers

Sulfide formation rates were measured in a pres sure main transporting mainly domestic wastewater. An empirical equation for the sulfide flux from the sewer biofilm depended on soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration in the wastewater with a power near 0.5. This empirical equation was confirmed through biofilm reactor investigations and was com pared with other predictive equations. The maximum possible surface flux from the biofilm was calculated for typical values for biofilm thickness and microbial activity, all based on obtained data. The amount and the quality of organic matter in the waste water were important for the potential sulfide production in sewer biofilms. Furthermore, the spectrum or organics used for microbial sulfate reduction reflected the substrate on which the biofilms were grown. Sulfate was limiting for sulfate reduction only at relatively low sulfate concentrations in typical sewer biofilms. The sulfate reduction in these biofilms was modeled and was in good agreement with experimental results. The results were dis cussed in relation to the prediction of sulfide buildup in filled pipes. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. , 60, 627 (1988).
Preclinical characterization and target validation of the antimalarial pantothenamide MMV693183

Here, de Vries et al. perform a pre-clinical characterization of the antimalarial compound MMV693183: the compound targets acetyl-CoA synthetase, has efficacy in humanized mice against Plasmodium falciparum infection, blocks transmission to mosquito vectors, is safe in rats, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling informs about a potential oral human dosing regimen. Drug resistance and a dire lack of transmission-blocking antimalarials hamper malaria elimination. Here, we present the pantothenamide MMV693183 as a first-in-class acetyl-CoA synthetase (AcAS) inhibitor to enter preclinical development. Our studies demonstrate attractive drug-like properties and in vivo efficacy in a humanized mouse model of Plasmodium falciparum infection. The compound shows single digit nanomolar in vitro activity against P. falciparum and P. vivax clinical isolates, and potently blocks P. falciparum transmission to Anopheles mosquitoes. Genetic and biochemical studies identify AcAS as the target of the MMV693183-derived antimetabolite, CoA-MMV693183. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling predict that a single 30 mg oral dose is sufficient to cure a malaria infection in humans. Toxicology studies in rats indicate a > 30-fold safety margin in relation to the predicted human efficacious exposure. In conclusion, MMV693183 represents a promising candidate for further (pre)clinical development with a novel mode of action for treatment of malaria and blocking transmission.
Evaluation of BOLD effects in the rat cortex

Purpose This study aimed to characterize Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) effects in 1H-MR spectra obtained during optogenetic activation of the rat forelimb cortex for the correction and estimation of accurate metabolite concentration changes. Methods T2*-induced effects were characterized by linewidth changes and amplitude changes of water, NAA and tCr spectral peaks during the stimulation paradigm. Spectral linewidth-matching procedures were used to correct for the line-narrowing effect induced by BOLD. For an increased understanding of spectroscopic BOLD effects and the optimized way to correct them, a 1 Hz line-narrowing effect was also simulated on mouseproton MR spectrum 1H-fMRS data acquired using STEAM acquisitions at 9.4T in rats (n=8) upon optogenetic stimulation of the primary somatosensory cortex were used. Data were analyzed with MATLAB routines and LCModel. Uncorrected and corrected 1H-MR spectra of simulated and in-vivo data were quantified and compared. BOLD-corrected difference spectra were also calculated and analyzed. Results Significant mean increases in water and NAA peak heights (+ 1.1% and +4.5%, respectively) were found accompanied by decreased linewidths (−0.5 Hz and −2.8%) upon optogenetic stimulation. These estimates were used for further definition of an accurate line-broadening factor (lb). Usage of an erroneous lb introduced false-positive errors in metabolite concentration change estimates thereby altering the specificity of findings. Using different water scalings within LCModel, the water and metabolite BOLD contributions were separated. Conclusion The linewidth-matching procedure using a precise lb factor remains the most performant approach for the accurate quantification of small (±0.3 μmol/g) metabolic changes in 1H-fMRS studies. A simple and preliminary compartmentation of BOLD effects was proposed, which will require validation.