Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of biofertillizer on physico-chemical clharacrteristics of guava (Psidium guajava) fruit*

Decline in soil health due to excessive dependence on chemical inputs left us with other option of utilizing biological inputs like biofertilizers have been sought to be one of the answers to restore the soil health apart from solving nutrition problem of plants. Biofertilizers are basically carrier-based microorganisms used for maintaining soil health. They play an important role in plant nutrition through dinitrogen fixat ion (nitrogen fixers) and transformation of different nutrients in available fonns (eg phosphorus solubilizers) besides helping plants to survive under water-stressed situation. Under Chotanagpur condition, guava (Psidium guajava L.) provides sustainable return in hand to farmers under rainfed situation. Physico-chemical characteristics of fruit are important parameters in horticulture to reckon with. A poor supply of major nutrients seems to be the main cause of tree decline, low yields and poor fruit quality in guava (Kadam and Patil 1993, Shankar et al. 2002) . It was therefore considered worthwhile· to study the effect of biofertilizer on fru it characteristics of guava. A fi eld experiment was conducted in 1999 at Farm I (P lan du ) of Horticulture and Agro-forestry Re search Programme (23°25'N and 85"20' E, at 620 m above mean sealevel), Ranchi. The soil was Alfisol having sandy-loam texture with pH 5.8, organic carbon 4.5 g/kg, available (Bray-I) P 3.5 kg/ha and available K 115 kg/ha (Jackson 1973). Treatments included 2 free-living nitrogen-fixers (Azotobacter and Azospirillum) and 3 phosphate-solubilizers (vesiculararbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus mossae), microphos and phosphobactrin). Biofertilizers were applied in 'L49 ' guava in July @ 200 g/tree/year charged with 20 kg fannyard manure in a randomized block design with 4 replications and 2 plants/ unit. Suitable control (20 kg farmyard manure) was kept for
Genetic analysis on the related traits of florescence for hybrid seed production in maize

The yield of hybrid seed production is very important to reducing the cost of hybrid seed in maize,and it directly affects the extending acreage of one hybrid.The objective of this study is to dissect the genetic basis of the related traits of florescence for hybrid seed production,and provide the genetic basis for raising hybrid seed production and maize breeding.A set of F2∶4 population derived from a cross between two elite inbred lines,Qiong 68 and K12,were used as material for evaluating the related traits of florescence for seed production in maize.The population was evaluated in two environments,and the genetic linkage maps were constructed including 134 simple sequence repeat markers.The results demonstrated that day to pollination(DTP)had a positive significant relationship to day to silking(DTS),silking duration(SD)and seed setting rate(SSR). And DTS also had positive significant relationship to SD and SSR,so did SD and SSR,whereas pollination duration(PD)had negative correlation to DTP and DTS.A total of 22 QTL were detected for the related traits of florescence for seed production using composite interval mapping method,including 5 QTL for DTP,4 QTL for DTS,5 QTL for anthesis to silking interval(ASI),4 QTL for PD,2 QTL for SD,2 QTL for SSR.Many QTL had interaction with environments.
Regulation of Flower Senescence by Abscisic Acid (ABA) in Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflora Hort.)

Gladiolus flowers are ethylene insensitive and the signals that start catabolic changes during senescence of gladiolus flower are largely not known. Therefore, experiments were performed to understand the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in ethylene insensitive floral senescence in gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflora Hort.). It was observed that ABA accumulation increased in attached petals of gladiolus flowers as they senesced. Exogenous application of ABA in vase solution accelerated senescence process in the flowers due to change in various senescence indicators such as enhanced membrane leakage, reduced water uptake, reduced fresh weight and ultimately vase life. Enhancement of In vivo ABA level in petals by creating osmotic stress also up regulates the same parameters of flower senescence as those occurring during natural senescence and also akin to exogenous application of ABA. Attempts to increase vase life of flowers by application of putative ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone in vase solution to counteract ABA effect were unsuccessful. In contrast, ABA action was mitigated by application of GA3 in holding solution along with Abscisic acid which is basically an antagonist of ABA action. The present study provides valuable insights into the role of ABA as a hormonal trigger in ethylene insensitive senescence process and therefore would be helpful for dissecting the complex mechanism underlying ABA regulated senescence process in gladiolus.
Multi Walled Carbon Nano Tubes and Ferric Oxide Nanomaterial as Adsorbents for Removal of Some Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water (Ground and Industrial Waste Water)

The aim of this study was to find out an available and low cost material to reach the permissible levels of the heavy metals Mn , Fe and pb) in the contaminated water (ground and industrial waste water) taken from Kaha, El-Qulayoubia Governorate using multi walled carbon nanotubes ( MWCNTs) prepared from chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and ferric oxide nanoparticle(Fe2O3) with potassium permanganate(KMnO4). Also, it involved the characterization of MWCNTs and Fe2O3 nanoparticle and determine the optimal conditions for the treatment. The effects of MWCNTs, Fe2O3 nanoparticle and KMnO4 on removal of manganese , iron and lead from contaminated water was the main target of this investigation. In this work the highest initial Mn , Fe and pb ion concentrations (C0) were found to be 3.42 , 4.2 and 23 mg/L, respectively, were treated with multiwall carbon nanotubes ,ferric oxide and potassium permanganate. MWCNTs was of 20-30 nm outer diameter, 5-10 nm internal diameter, surface area of 207.13 m/g, carbon content 90.05%, oxygen content 6.9% and purity above 87%,while, Ferric oxide particle size averaged 5-10 nm, ferric content 44.64%, oxygen content 41.67% and carbon content 10.97%. The optimum conditions for removing Mn and Fe ion from the contaminated water with MWCNTs/KMnO4, were a pH of 7.5, volume KMnO4 0.25 mL, adsorbent weight of 0.05 g and a contact time of 90 min. The optimum conditions for removing Pb ion with Fe2O3/KMnO4 were a pH at 6.7, adsorbent weight 0.06 g, volume of KMnO4 1.25 mL and a contact time of 120 min.
Demonstration of a System Identification on Real Step-Down Power Converters

System identification is a scientific field with a wide range of applications, including transport and transportation systems. Automotive industry has a growing trend of power converters implementation. In addition, intelligence of converters is developing. Thus, the power electronics and autotronics are application areas where identification can also be applied. Since buck (step-down), boost (step-up) and buck-boost are the most common topologies of the converters in automobiles, this article aims to demonstrate possibilities of using the identification procedure on the synchronous buck converter. The objective is to obtain a parametric model that could be further useful in analysis and other work with the converter.
Effect of plant density and fertility levels of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) + pigeon pea (Cajanas cajan) intercropping system under red and laterite zone of West Bengal, India

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2005 and 2006 to find out the plant density and fertility levels of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) – pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) intercropping system. Growing of groundnut as sole crop recorded higher pod yield (1490 kg ha-1) over groundnut in intercropping system. The highest pod yield (889 kg ha-1) of groundnut among the intercropping system was obtained with the treatment received 100 % of both RDF and plant density of groundnut and pigeon pea respectively. Which was closely followed by T9 (850 kg ha-1), T2 (846 kg ha-1), T11 (828 kg ha-1) and T10 (825 kg ha-1) and they were statistically at par among each other. Growing of pigeon pea as sole crop recorded higher grain yield (1584 kg ha-1) over pigeon pea in intercropping system. Among the intercropping system the maximum pigeon pea grain yield was found in T1 (1013kg ha-1) which was at par with T10 (978 kg ha-1), T11 (950 kg ha -1), T2 (946 kg ha-1), T9 (939 kg ha-1), and T5 (903 kg ha-1). Among the cropping systems, intercropping of groundnut with pigeon pea resulted in maximum groundnut equivalent yield (2155 kg ha-1) in T1. Among the intercropping systems, groundnut with pigeon pea in 4:2 row proportions with 100% both plant density and RDF in all the crops was most remunerative in respect of net return (Rs.28400) and economic return: cost ratio (2.85).
Neuroplasticity of Attention. How Brain Stimulation and Mental Fatigue Affect Attentional Performance

Attention allows us to focus on what is relevant and to ignore what is not. While we call upon attention at every waking moment, it is not static: we cannot sustain attention indefinitely, and often fall prey to distractions. This PhD thesis is a study of the short-term neuroplasticity of attentional processes: how susceptible is attention to change, and what processes in the brain (neuro-) give rise to changes in attention (-plasticity)? In Chapters 2–5, I examined whether attention can be improved with electrical stimulation of the brain, in the form of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). Previous studies that attempted to use tDCS to enhance attention have yielded promising, but inconsistent results (reviewed in Chapter 2). My attempt to enhance spatial attention with tDCS (Chapter 3) was unsuccessful, as stimulation of the frontal eye fields did not lead to changes in eye movements. Applying tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex also did not enhance temporal attention (Chapters 4 and 5), as participants’ performance on an attentional blink task remained unchanged. In Chapter 6, I investigated the opposite effect: decreases in attention, when attention has to be sustained for a long time. Using EEG, I tracked whether similar decreases occurred in different attention-related signals in the brain. tDCS may one day be used to counteract these declines, or to relieve other deficits in attention. However, barring a deeper understanding of the technique and more large-scale studies of its efficacy, such practical applications of tDCS are not yet feasible.
Changes of root morphology and rhizosphere processes of wheat under different phosphate supply

A rhizobox experiment was carried out to study effects of various concentrations of phosphate(Pi) supply on root morphology,rhizosphere processes,and plant P uptake of two wheat genotypes(Shimai 15 and Hengguan 35). The results showed that Shimai 15 had more increases of shoot biomass and phosphorus(P) content with high Pi application compare with Hengguan 35.While the decreases of shoot biomass and P accumulation of Hengguan 35 under limited Pi supply were much lower than those of Shimai 15,indicating Hengguan 35 might have higher tolerance to low Pi stress than Simai 15.Under the high Pi supply,the fine root length within ≤0.16 mm diameter and its percentage in total root length of Shimai 15 were greater than those of Hengguan 35.Contrarily,without Pi fertilization,the total root length and the proportion of fine roots with diameter ≤ 0.16 mm in total roots of were larger in Hengguan 35 than Shimai 15.Under the high Pi supply,the higher soil organic P content and the lower soil microbial biomass P were in rhizosphere,while without Pi supply,the activity of soil alkaline phosphatase was higher and soil organic P content and soil pH were lower in rhizosphere.Compared with the optimum Pi supply,the high Pi supply increased soil pH and decreased the activity of alkaline phosphatase in rhizosphere.However,low Pi supply decreased soil pH in rhizosphere.It is suggested that the adaptations of plants on two fronts would occur when subjected to the low Pi stress.One is better root characteristics,such as longer roots,especially with more fine roots,which are important for plant to efficiently utilize soil Pi,and the other is the rhizosphere processes,such as soil acidification and the transformation of soil organic P to Pi,which help plant to acquire more Pi from rhizosphere soils and benefit plant's tolerance to the low Pi stress.However,the changes of root morphology under high Pi supply may be associated with the wheat cultivars with different capacity of P uptake and P accumulation.
Information Asymmetry and Insurance in Africa

ABSTRACT In this study, we assess the relevance of decreasing information asymmetry on life and non-life insurance consumption, by using data from 48 African countries during the period 2004–2014. Reduced information asymmetry is proxied by information sharing offices, namely: public credit registries and private credit bureaus. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalized Method of Moments. The findings show that information sharing offices increase insurance consumption with a comparatively higher magnitude in life insurance penetration, relative to non-life insurance penetration. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Studies on Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis of Traits Contributing to Fruit Yield in Grapes

The present investigation was conducted to estimate genetic parameters such as genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability and genetic advance (GA) along with correlations and path coefficients from the data collected on 20 grape cultivars during 2000–09. The high estimates of GCV and PCV recorded for bunch weight, berry weight, bunch number and fruit yield per vine indicated the presence of adequate genetic variation among the genotypes and suitability of these traits for further improvement by selection. High heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advances for these traits confirmed that these traits are under the control of additive gene action and phenotypic selection for their improvement will be effective. Fruit yield per vine showed significant positive association with bunch length, bunch width, bunch weight and bunch number while significant negative association of berry length, berry diameter and berry weight with acidity percentage indicated that improvement of these traits through selection will also improve quality of table grapes by reducing acidity. Number of bunches per vine had maximum direct effect on fruit yield per vine followed by bunch weight. Bunch length as well as bunch width contributed to fruit yield per vine indirectly via bunch weight. Hence, the number of bunches per vine and bunch weight are identified as key traits for developing high fruit-yielding cultivars of grapes.
Microbial ecology of deep-sea hydrothermal vents : viruses, diversity and potential mortality

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents have been intensely studied since their discovery almost 30 years ago. These environments have been shown to harbour previously unknown organisms, which depend on chemosynthetic prokaryotes for much of their nutrition. Although high abundances of free-living prokaryotes have been documented from many hydrothermal vent sites, the fate of prokaryotic biomass has not been well studied. The initial goal of this thesis was to determine the abundance and distribution of viruses in hydrothermal vent environments and to determine i f the abundances were high enough to support the occurrence of virus-mediated mortality of prokaryotes. This study clearly demonstrated that around active hydrothermal vent sites the virus abundance could be as high as values reported from coastal surface waters. Increased abundances within active hydrothermal fields and associated plumes above background seawater levels suggest that viruses are actively produced in these environments. The effects of viruses on a prokaryote community are dependent on the species composition of the microorganisms. Few studies have investigated the spatial distribution of prokaryote species around hydrothermal vents. In this study, several samples were collected and individually analysed using P C R D G G E to determine the composition of the prokaryote communities, targeting both Bacteria and Archaea. From these fingerprints, it was demonstrated that the microbial communities around hydrothermal vents are extremely heterogeneous, with little similarity between samples collected from similar locations or environments. Sequencing of D G G E bands suggests common phylotypes among widespread hydrothermal vent sites. Through grazing, protists could cause mortality of prokaryotes. Because little is known about the presence of protists around hydrothermal vents, samples collected around a single sulphide structure were analysed using P C R D G G E to determine the diversity of the eukaryote community in the water column. Sequencing of major bands was undertaken to determine the identity of the bands with the hopes of identifying previously unknown protists that could be grazers of prokaryotes. This study shows that D N A from the benthic invertebrate community dominates the eukaryote D N A around hydrothermal vents, suggesting viruses may be the main cause of mortality for free-living prokaryotes.
IMPORTANCE OF PICOPHYTOPLANKTON IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM

Since the rediscovery of picophytoplankton (PPP) in 1978 -1979, the information and method of studying of these living organisms have improving quickly. This review collects the most important methods for studding these tiny planktonic which play a significant role in all aquatic ecosystems. In addition to, give an over view on the results obtained on the contributions, abundant and role of these groups in different habitats and they correlation with physical, chemical and environmental parameters, such as temperature, light intensity and quality, salinity, pH, trophic state, and grazing. The development of gene sequencing, the molecular approach and phylogenetic analysis give an advanced direction to taxonomy of PPP and their relation and interactions to environmental factor, therefore the review shows the new results of this topic. Abbreviations: APC, allophycocyanin; Chl, chlorophyll; FALS, Forward Angle Light Scatter; FDA, fluorescein diacetate; FITC. Fluorescin isothiocyanate; FSC, forward scatter; OPA, optical plankton analyzer; Orange FL, Orange fluorescence Scatter; PC, phycocyanin; PE, phycoerythrin; PMT, photomultiplier tube; PPP, picophytoplankton; Red FL, red fluorescence; SSC, side scatter; UV, ultraviolt.
Hematologic Parameters of COVID - 19: A Review on Alteration of Hematologic Laboratory Findings

Corona virus 2019 (COVID –19) is a public health emergency and according to the recent statistic of World Health Organization (WHO), this novel virus has infected all continents. During this outbreak, there is an urgent need for documentation of laboratory predictors to discriminate between mild and severe forms of this virus. In this pandemic, prompt identification of clinical and laboratory prognostic factors of progression towards critical and lethal forms of this disease is mandatory. During this new infection, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, sometimes neutrophilia, elevation of D-dimer, prolongation of prothrombin time (PT), and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT), and also increased level of fibrin degradation products (FDP) could occur. Moreover, elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, ferritin, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and interleukin -6 (IL- 6) are other laboratory features. These parameters will enable risk stratification and favorable allocation of limited and technical resources particularly in under developed countries. In this review article, alteration of hematologic laboratory findings has been discussed.
Applications in New River-meander Model

Article history Received: 8 May 2020 Accepted: 22 May 2020 Published Online: 31 May 2020 If the sediment transport behaves as bed-load, the sediment surface at meandering channel will deform into transverse waves. This investigation is a new model for prediction of river-meander models in nature. The aim of this research is to give a precise method whose bed forms can have a variety of scales ranging from ripples through small dunes to fully developed dunes or sandwaves. Its mathematical model will be investigated.
Optimization of seed rhizome type and multiplication method of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) for mid hills of North West Himalayan region

Turmeric is an important spice, medicinal and cosmetic crop of south Asian countries being propagated through rhizomes requiring huge quantity of seed rhizome (2500 kg ha) which accounts for 20-22% of production cost. An experiment was conducted to optimize type of seed rhizome and method of multiplication under shade house conditions at Agronomy Research Farm, CSK HPKV, Palampur during 2017 and 2018. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and five replications. Significantly higher germination percentage (92.0 and 92.8%) and germination index (2.53 and 2.21) were noticed in seedlings raised in portrays using primary rhizome during both the years. Besides, better growth attributes viz., seedling height (13.32 and 13.58 cm), root length (10.64 and 11.18 cm) and seedling vigor index (2204 and 2219) were also recorded during both the year in turmeric seedlings raised through primary rhizomes in portray as compared to seedlings raised using mother rhizome in portray or polybag and seedlings raised in poly bag using primary rhizome. Significantly higher total dry matter accumulation (2.59 g plant), root dry weight and root to shoot ratio (0.41 and 0.51) were observed in seedlings raised in poly bags. For raising turmeric seedlings primary rhizomes and portray found to be better propagating material and method, respectively than mother rhizomes and polybag. Shifting from rhizome planting to transplanting of turmeric seedlings in mid hills of Himalayan region is expected to conserve 80% of the seed material besides saving the expenditure on weeding and irrigation. Transplanting of turmeric seedling may also help in resource conservation along with better resource use efficiency and sustainability.