Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deltas of the Lake Malawi Rift, East Africa: Seismic Expression and Exploration Implications

High-resolution, air-gun-sourced seismic reflection surveys over the offshore regions of five river deltas in Lake Malawi in the East African rift system reveal considerable variability in acoustic facies and stratigraphic architecture. This variability can largely be attributed to the influences of different structural settings, and to a lesser degree to high-amplitude (100-400 m) and high-frequency (1000 to 100,000 yr) fluctuations in lake level. Deltas on flexural and axial margins in the rift lake show well-developed progradational geometries. In contrast, a delta on a steep, accommodation zone margin distributes coarse sediments over a broad depositional apron, rather than concentrating sediment in discrete progradational lobes as on the other deltas. A large border ault margin river delta displays the most complex tectonic and stratigraphic architecture of all the deltas studied. It contains several delta-associated facies, including prograding clinoform packages, fan deltas stacked against a boundary fault, and extensive subaqueous fans. Flexural margin lowstand deltas may be the most prospective for hydrocarbon exploration due to their large, internally well-organized, progradational lobes and their close proximity to deep-water, high total organic carbon lacustrine source facies.
Descricao e composicao das capturas da frota pesqueira artesanal da regiao nordeste do Brasil

Between January 1998 and March 2000 were sampled 2,998 landings from 975 craft, totaling 207.7 tons of bony and cartilaginous fish from the artisanal fleet of motorized and sailing craft. The fishing gears included deep-water and surface hand lines, gill net, net for flying fish, surrounding net and fish traps in the states of Alagoas, Pernambuco, Ceara, Piaui and northern Bahia. The data collected resulted from type and category of landings and fishing gear utilized; areas and depths of actions; catch composition; and the lengths and weights of the samples caught. The states of Bahia (33%) and Ceara (31.5%) had the largest productions, followed by Alagoas and Pernambuco (22.3%), and Rio Grande do Norte (13.3%). Motorized craft represented 37.6% and sailboats represented 62.4% of the fleet. The motorized craft accounted for 53.4% of landings and 60.5% of production. Sailboats represented 46.6% and 39.5% of the landings and production. The most commonly used fishing gear was hand line, which was present in 66.2% of the craft, 74.6% of landings and 85.6% of production. A total of 170 species, 104 genera and 52 families were identified among the 121,475 individuals sampled.
Hydraulic Geometry Relations for Stable Channel Design

This study compared the downstream hydraulic geometry relations for stable channel design derived by other investigators with the equations derived from the data gathered from Iranian rivers based on the at-a-station method. For these rivers measurements of 425 velocity profiles and nearly 6,000 point velocities for 85 cross sections were employed to accurately determine flow discharge at a specified river section. For at-a-station method, grain size and the Shields parameter were not important for the determination of width and depth of a stable channel. It was found that the dominant or at-a-station discharge did not affect the discharge exponent in the depth equation, but it affected the discharge exponent in the width equation. Furthermore, discharge was not the controlling variable for the prediction of slope of stable channels, but grain size and the Shields parameter were.
Update on the use of deferasirox in the management of iron overload

: Regular blood transfusions as supportive care for patients with chronic anemia inevitably lead to iron overload as humans cannot actively remove excess iron. The cumulative effects of iron overload cause significant morbidity and mortality if not effectively treated with chelation therapy. Based on a comprehensive clinical development program, the once-daily, oral iron chelator deferasirox (Exjade ® ) is approved for the treatment of transfusional iron overload in adult and pediatric patients with various transfusion-dependent anemias, including β -thalassemia and the myelodysplastic syndromes. Deferasirox dose should be titrated for each individual patient based on transfusional iron intake, current iron burden and whether the goal is to decrease or maintain body iron levels. Doses of  30 mg/kg/day have been shown to be effective with a safety profile consistent with that observed at doses  30 mg/kg/day. Recent data have highlighted the ability of deferasirox to decrease cardiac iron levels and to prevent the accumulation of iron in the heart. The long-term efficacy and safety of deferasirox for up to 5 years of treatment have now been established. The availability of this effective and generally well tolerated oral therapy represents a significant advance in the management of transfusional iron overload.
Isomorphism classes of short Gorenstein local rings via Macaulay's inverse system

In this paper we study the isomorphism classes of Artinian Gorenstein local rings with socle degree three by means of Macaulay's inverse system. We prove that their classification is equivalent to the projective classification of the hypersurfaces of $\mathbb P ^{n }$ of degree three. This is an unexpected result because it reduces the study of this class of local rings to the homogeneous case. The result has applications in problems concerning the punctual Hilbert scheme $Hilb_d (\mathbb P^n)$ and in relation to the problem of the rationality of the Poincar\'e series of local rings.
Starved for Science: How Biotechnology Is Being Kept Out of Africa

Heading upcountry in Africa to visit small farms is absolutely exhilarating given the dramatic beauty of big skies, red soil, and arid vistas, but eventually the two-lane tarmac narrows to rutted dirt, and the journey must continue on foot. The farmers you eventually meet are mostly women, hardworking but visibly poor. They have no improved seeds, no chemical fertilizers, no irrigation, and with their meager crops they earn less than a dollar a day. Many are malnourished.Nearly two-thirds of Africans are employed in agriculture, yet on a per-capita basis they produce roughly 20 percent less than they did in 1970. Although modern agricultural science was the key to reducing rural poverty in Asia, modern farm science - including biotechnology - has recently been kept out of Africa.In "Starved for Science", Robert Paarlberg explains why poor African farmers are denied access to productive technologies, particularly genetically engineered seeds with improved resistance to insects and drought. He traces this obstacle to the current opposition to farm science in prosperous countries. Having embraced agricultural science to become well-fed themselves, those in wealthy countries are now instructing Africans - on the most dubious grounds - not to do the same.In a book sure to generate intense debate, Paarlberg details how this cultural turn against agricultural science among affluent societies is now being exported, inappropriately, to Africa. Those who are opposed to the use of agricultural technologies are telling African farmers that, in effect, it would be just as well for them to remain poor.
A Columnar Growth of Dendritic Pyroxene

Abstract One of the internal contacts of a doleritic intrusion, Co. Donegal, is lined with large augite dendrites. The habit is revealed by parting on a median zone of chlorite which is regarded as an altered exsolution feature. It is suggested that an initial platy dendrite grew, in response to undercooling, as a metastable phase with the composition and structure of a high-calcic pigeonite. A later overgrowth of augite preserved the delicate crystal against destruction.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: Kinematic structure in the Gamma Velorum cluster

This work was partially supported by the Gaia Research for European Astronomy Training (GREAT-ITN) Marie Curie network, funded through the European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013] under grant agreement 264895 and supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. We acknowledge the support from INAF and Ministero dell’ Istruzione, dell’ Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant “Premiale VLT 2012”. RJJ acknowledges financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council.
chemical composition of martian soil and rocks: Complex mixing and sedimentary transport

Chemical compositions of Martian soil and rocks indicate complex mixing relationships. Mixing of rock and soil clearly takes place and explains some of the chemical variation because sulfur, chlorine, magnesium, and perhaps iron are positively correlated due to their control from a secondary “sedimentary” mineralogy (e.g., Mg‐ and possibly Fesulfate; Fe‐oxides) that is present within the soils. Certain deviations from simple soil‐rock mixing are consistent with mineralogical fractionation of detrital iron and titanium oxides during sedimentary transport.
Feeding Ecology and Life History Strategies of White-faced Capuchin Monkeys

Dietary niches have widespread effects on individuals’ life histories, behaviors, and morphologies. Capuchin monkeys inhabit a complex dietary niche that often entails hunting of relatively large vertebrate prey, tool-use, and extraction of embedded resources that other closely related and sympatric species do not exploit. In this dissertation I examine, a) how juvenile capuchins overcome the challenges of reliance on a difficult-to-acquire diet, b) at what age juveniles achieve maximum foraging return rates for difficult-to-acquire foods, and c) what nutritional benefits capuchins obtain from exploitation of these foods. In the process of addressing these questions I test two prominent hypotheses regarding reliance on a difficult-to-acquire diet. First, I test two predictions form the food scarcity/difficulty hypothesis which posits that species who rely more heavily on foods that are either rare or difficult to acquire should exhibit higher rates of food transfers, because juveniles in these species face greater foraging
In Situ Denitrification of Septic‐System Nitrate Using Reactive Porous Media Barriers: Field Trials

A new alternative septic-system design is presented utilizing reactive porous media barriers for passive in situ attenuation of NO3−. The reactive material consists of solid organic carbon (sawdust) which promotes NO3- attenuation by heterotrophic denitrification. Four field trials are discussed demonstrating two barrier configurations: as a horizontal layer positioned in the vadose zone below a conventional septic-system infiltration bed and as a vertical wall intercepting a horizontally flowing downgradient plume. During one year of operation both barrier configurations have been successful in substantial attenuation (60 to 100%) of input NO3- levels of up to 125 mg/1 as N. The horizontal layer configuration can be readily installed during the construction of new infiltration beds, whereas the vertical wall configuration may be more appropriate for retrofitting existing septic systems where NO3- contamination has already occurred. The layer configuration allows the flexibility of constructing the barrier in the vadose zone by using coarse silt or fine sand matrix material that has the ability to remain tension-saturated, and thus anaerobic, even when positioned above the water table. Advantages of the barrier system are that it is simple to construct, no surface structures or additional plumbing are necessary, and treatment is passive requiring no energy consumption and little or no maintenance. Mass balance calculations and preliminary results suggest that conveniently sized barriers have the potential to last for decades without replenishment of the reactive material.
Impact of Rainfall Condition on Traffic Flow and Speed: A Case Study in Johor and Terengganu

This paper explores the impact of various rainfall conditions on traffic flow and speed at selected location in Terengganu and Johor using data collected on two-lane highway. The study aims to quantify the effect of rainfall on average volume, capacity, mean speed, free-flow speed and speed at capacity. This study is important to come out with recommendation for managing traffic under rainfall condition. Traffic data were generated using automatic traffic counters for about three months during the monsoon season. Rainfall data were obtained from nearest surface rain gauge station. Detailed vehicular information logged by the counters were retrieved and processed into dry and various rainfall conditions. Only daylight traffic data have been used in this paper. The effect of rain on traffic flow and speed for each condition were then analysed separately and compared. The results indicated that average volumes shows no pronounce effect under rainfall condition compared to those under dry condition. Other parameters, however, show a decrease under rainfall condition. Capacity dropped by 2-32%, mean speed, free-flow speed and speed at capacity reduced by 3-14%, 1-14% and 3-17%, respectively. The paper recommends that findings from the study can be incorporated with variable message sign, local radio and television, and variable speed limit sign which should help traffic management to provide safer and more proactive driving experiences to the road user. The paper concluded that rainfall irrespective of their intensities have impact on traffic flow and speed except average volume.
Water Quality Index Assessment under Climate Change

Surface water quality may change in the future due to climatic variability as natural processes will most likely be modified by anthropogenic activities. As such, stream temperature is very likely to change as well which will impact on surface water quality and aquatic ecosystem dynamics. The present study focused on improving modelling of surface water quality indices and water quality parameters under various climate change scenarios in relationship with stream temperature. Future climate data were extracted from the Canadian Coupled General Climate Model (CGCM 3.1/ T63) under the greenhouse emission scenarios B1 and A2, as defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This study illustrates the usefulness of the stream temperature models, coupled with Climate Change Scenarios to predict the evolution of future stream water temperature regimes and associated biogeochemical water quality parameters pertaining to drinking water quality. The specific objectives of the present study were to analyze the surface water quality of 15 rivers in New Brunswick (Canada) on the basis of 9 parameters under climate change. A Weighed Method and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Method were used to assess the water quality for each river under present and future climate. The knowledge gained from this study will enable engineers and water resources managers to better understand river thermal regimes and climate change impact on water quality related to Drinking Surface Water.
with Disability and Cognitive Performance Subcortical Lesions Inversely Correlates Cerebral Blood Volume in Hyperintense Leukoencephalopathy: Decrease in Regional Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Cerebral Autosomal Dominant

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an arteriopathic syndrome related to a genetic defect on chromosome 19. Characteristic changes in CADASIL can be observed on T2-weighted MR images in the subcortical white matter. The purpose of this study was to measure changes of regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) with dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and to correlate the changes to disability and cognitive performance. METHODS: We obtained rCBV measurements of 24 individuals with proven CADASIL on a 1.5-T MR imaging unit. A susceptibility-weighted MR imaging sequence was used for bolus tracking. Principles of the indicator dilution theory were applied to estimate values of absolute rCBV (mL/100 g). Disability was determined by using the Rankin scale, and overall cognitive performance was assessed by using the Mini-Mental State Examination. RESULTS: The mean rCBV in the subcortical white matter that was hyperintense on the T2-weighted images (2.7 (cid:54) 0.8 mL/100 g) was signiﬁcantly lower than the rCBV in the white matter that appeared normal on the T2-weighted images (4.4 (cid:54) 1.3 mL/100 g) ( P (cid:44) . 05). The mean rCBV in the gray matter was within the normal range (8.3 (cid:54) 1.7 mL/100 g). Both cognitive impairment and disability negatively correlated with rCBV in the subcortical white matter that was hyperintense ( P (cid:44) . 05) but not with rCBV
AEROSOL RETRIEVALS FROM INDIVIDUAL AVHRR CHANNELS : II . QUALITY CONTROL , PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS , INFORMATION CONTENT , AND CONSISTENCY CHECKS OF RETRIEVALS

This second part of a two-part study evaluates retrievals of aerosol optical depths, 1 and 2, in AVHRR channels 1 and 2 centered at 1=0.63 and 2=0.83 μm, and an effective Angstrom exponent, , derived therefrom as =-ln( 1/ 2)/ln( 1/ 2). The retrievals are made with the 6S radiative transfer model from four NOAA14/AVHRR datasets, collected between February 1998 May 1999 in the latitudinal belt of 525 S. A series of quality control (QC) checks applied to the retrievals to identify outliers are described. These remove a total of ~1% of points, which presumably originate from channel mis-registration, residual cloud in AVHRR cloud screened pixels, and substantial deviations from the assumptions used in the retrieval model (e.g. bright coastal and high altitude inland waters). First, from examining histograms of the derived parameters it is found that and are accurately fit by log-normal and normal probabilit y distribution functions (PDF), respectively. Second, the scattergrams “ 1 vs 2“ are analyzed to see if they form a coherent pattern. They do indeed converge at the origin, as expected, but frequently are outside of the expected domain in 12 space, defined by two straight lines corresponding to =0 and =2. This results in a low bias in , which tends to fill i n an interval of [-1,1] rather than [0,2]. Third, scattergrams of “ vs “ are used to empirically confirm a previously drawn theoretical conclusion that errors in are inversely proportional to . More in depth quantitative analyses suggest that the AVHRR derived Angstrom exponent becomes progressively more meaningful when >0.2. Geographical trends are studied to demonstrate that the selected ocean area is reasonably uniform to justify application of consistency checks to reveal angular trends in the retrievals. These checks show that in most cases, the artifacts in the retrieved and are statistically insignificant. On average, our analysis suggests that the retrieved 1, 2, and show a high degree of selfand inter-consistency, with the exception of a troublesome May 1999 dataset. The most prominent problem noticed so far is the inconsistency between 1 and 2, persistent from one dataset to another, which calls for fine tuning some (non-aerosol model related) elements of the retrieval algorithm. These adjustments will be discussed elsewhere.
IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Economics Working Papers Series

In this paper we relate the economics of labeling genetically modified (GM) products to the theory of grading and minimum quality standards. The model represents three stages in the supply chain (farm production, marketing handlers, and final users) and allows explicitly for the accidental co-mingling of non-GM products at the marketing stage. Regulation takes the form of a threshold level of purity for non-GM products. The paper also presents a novel demand specification for differentiated GM and non-GM products that is particularly useful in our stochastic framework. First, we find that if the threshold purity level for non-GM products is too strict, this necessarily leads to the disappearance of non-GM product from the market. Second, we show that some quality standard is in the interest of farmers as well. Indeed, we show that the standard that is optimal from the perspective of producers is actually stricter than what is optimal for consumers and for societal welfare. We conclude with comparative statics effects that illustrate the impact of the model’s parameters on market equilibrium and on the welfare-maximizing regulatory standard.
ReCon: Efficient Detection, Management, and Use of Non-Speculative Information Leakage

In a speculative side-channel attack, a secret is improperly accessed and then leaked by passing it to a transmitter instruction. Several proposed defenses effectively close this security hole by either delaying the secret from being loaded or propagated, or by delaying dependent transmitters (e.g., loads) from executing when fed with tainted input derived from an earlier speculative load. This results in a loss of memory-level parallelism and performance.A security definition proposed recently, in which data already leaked in non-speculative execution need not be considered secret during speculative execution, can provide a solution to the loss of performance. However, detecting and tracking non-speculative leakage carries its own cost, increasing complexity. The key insight of our work that enables us to exploit non-speculative leakage as an optimization to other secure speculation schemes is that the majority of non-speculative leakage is simply due to pointer dereferencing (or base-address indexing) — essentially what many secure speculation schemes prevent from taking place speculatively.We present ReCon that: i) efficiently detects non-speculative leakage by limiting detection to pairs of directly-dependent loads that dereference pointers (or index a base-address); and ii) piggybacks non-speculative leakage information on the coherence protocol. In ReCon, the coherence protocol remembers and propagates the knowledge of what has leaked and therefore what is safe to dereference under speculation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of ReCon, we show how two state-of-the-art secure speculation schemes, Non-speculative Data Access (NDA) and speculative Taint Tracking (STT), leverage this information to enable more memory-level parallelism both in a single core scenario and in a multicore scenario: NDA with ReCon reduces the performance loss by 28.7% for SPEC2017, 31.5% for SPEC2006, and 46.7% for PARSEC; STT with ReCon reduces the loss by 45.1%, 39%, and 78.6%, respectively.CCS CONCEPTS• Computer systems organization → Superscalar architectures; • Security and privacy → Hardware-based security protocols.