Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns and Drivers of Pine Processionary Moth Defoliation in Mediterranean Mountain Forests

Insect defoliations are one of the threats of forests health, and climate warming may enhance the occurrence of more severe outbreaks. Thus, understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of insect defoliation may provide valuable information to infer their responses to climate change. To contribute to this question, we studied a 42-year long record of defoliation by pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa, hereafter PPM), a major defoliating insect of Mediterranean conifers. We tested the hypothesis that climate warming is increasing PPM defoliation, which occurs in winter, and enhancing its upward shift. We analysed data corresponding to PPM defoliation affecting 92 stands of four pine species distributed across an altitudinal (1030-1695 m) gradient (going downwards: Pinus sylvestris, Pinus nigra, Pinus pinaster and Pinus halepensis) located near Mora de Rubielos (Teruel, Spain). We found a higher prevalence of PPM defoliation in P. nigra stands followed by P. sylvestris. PPM defoliation showed several peaks (1979-1983, 1991-1992 and 1995-1996) and it was positively related to winter minimum temperatures, with temperatures below -12 oC reducing PPM defoliation. We found higher defoliation in stands dominated by P. nigra, located at intermediate altitude and with low tree density. We did not detect any upward shift of PPM defoliations. PPM defoliation dynamics depend on forest structure and on forest composition, but it might also be impacted by the occurrence of lethal temperatures below a threshold. These patterns should be considered when forecasting the range expansion of forest insects in response to climate warming.
The Role of Preoperative Dynamic Contrast-enhanced 3.0-T MR Imaging in Predicting Early Recurrence in Patients With Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinomas After Curative Resection

Objectives: Liver resection is potentially curative for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (eHCC) in patients with well-preserved liver function. The prognosis of these patients after resection is still unsatisfactory because of frequent early recurrence (ER). Therefore, we investigated the role of preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced 3.0-T MR imaging in predicting ER of eHCC after curative resection. Methods From May 2014 to October 2017, we retrospectively analyzed 82 patients with eHCC who underwent dynamic MR imaging and subsequently underwent curative resection. Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2018 major and ancillary imaging features, as well as two non-LI-RADS MR imaging features (irregular tumor margin and tumor number), were evaluated. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors, and two models (preoperative and postoperative prediction models) were developed. Results ER was observed in 25 patients (25/82, 30.5%). In the univariate analyses, preoperative alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level >200 ng/ml, three MR imaging features (multifocal tumors, corona enhancement, and irregular tumor margin), and microvascular invasion (MVI) were associated with ER. In the multivariate analysis, corona enhancement (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.970; p = 0.013) and irregular tumor margin (HR: 2.377; p = 0.048) were independent predictors in the preoperative prediction model, and preoperative AFP level >200 ng/ml (HR: 2.493; p = 0.044) plus corona enhancement (HR: 3.046; p = 0.014) were independent predictors in the postoperative prediction model (microvascular invasion [MVI] was not; p = 0.061). When combined with both predictors, the specificity for ER in the preoperative prediction model was 98.2% (56/57), which was comparable to that of the postoperative prediction model [96.7% (55/57)]. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that preoperative MR imaging features (corona enhancement and irregular tumor margin) have the potential to preoperatively identify high-risk ER patients with eHCC, with a specificity >90%.
Overexpression of ABA Receptor PYL10 Gene Confers Drought and Cold Tolerance to Indica Rice

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays versatile functions in regulating plant development and tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Towards elucidating the functions of one of the ABA receptors (ABARs) in rice, OsPYL10 was cloned from drought tolerant rice cv. Nagina 22 and was overexpressed under stress inducible RD29A promoter in a mega rice variety MTU1010 by using Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation. Four single copy transgenic lines selected based on Southern blot analysis were used for physiological and molecular analysis. PYL10 receptor appears to regulate its ligand ABA accumulation as PYL10 overexpressing transgenics accumulated 2–3.3-fold higher levels of ABA than that of WT in flag leaf at anthesis under non-stress conditions. The enhanced accumulation of ABA was associated with enhanced expression of genes for ABA biosynthesis viz., ZEP1, NCED1, NCED2, NCED3, and NCED4 in transgenics than in WT plants. At seedling stage, PYL10 transgenics showed significantly higher survival rate under cold stress as compared with WT plants. qRT-PCR analysis showed that expression levels of cold responsive genes viz., DREB1F, MYB3R2, TPP1, COR410, DEHYDRIN, and LEA3 were significantly higher in PYL10 overexpressing transgenic lines as compared to WT plants under cold stress. PYL10 transgenic and WT plants grown in the same pot were subjected to -80 kPa drought stress and recovery treatments at vegetative and reproductive stages. At vegetative stage drought stress, three overexpressing lines showed significantly higher grain yield (40–58%) and at reproductive stage drought stress one of these overexpression lines showed two-fold higher grain yield than that of WT plants. Excised leaf water loss analysis showed that PYL10 transgenic lost about 20% less water than WT plants. At reproductive stage, OsPYL10 transgenic maintained higher RWC, membrane stability index, chlorophyll content, and accumulated lower amount of MDA and H2O2 as compared with WT plants. qRT-PCR analysis showed that expression levels of RAB16, Dehydrin, LEA3, and ABA45 were higher in PYL10 transgenics as compared with WT plants under drought stress. Thus, overall results showed that OsPYL10 overexpression has potential to improve both drought and cold stress tolerance of indica rice.
CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF A MALAY VERSION OF THE OVERACTIVE BLADDER SCREENER FOR ASSESSING URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS IN A MALAYSIAN POPULATION

The aim of this study was to validate the translation of the Overactive Bladder (OAB) Screener (OAB V8) to the Malay language. It was to assess the reliability of the screener in the context of a Malaysian population. The original screener consists of eight symptoms indicative of OAB that has been proven to be highly sensitive and reliable. Translation was done with a modification of the Brislin Method using back translation and a panel of experts as a final review panel. The pilot study had two groups; a symptomatic (n=19 patients) and an asymptomatic group (n=18 patients). All patients performed the test twice at two week intervals once at the clinic and subsequently at home. Test-retest method was used for reliability and Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency. The translated questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency in both groups of patients for all eight items individually and for the total score. Cronbach’s alphas ranged from 0.972 to 0.981 for the symptomatic group and from 0.750 to 0.976 for the asymptomatic group. Testretest correlation for all items was highly significant. Intraclass correlation (ICC) was high for both the asymptomatic (ICC ranging from 0.600 to 0.953) and the symptomatic group (ranging from 0.944 to 0.989). The Malay OAB V8 showed itself to be suitable for use, reliable in distinguishing symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and a valid instrument. (JUMMEC 2009; 12(2): 74-82)
Effect of micronutrients on quality of fruits of mango (Mangitera Indica L.) ev. Mallika

An experiment applyng foliar spray of micronutrients jointly and separately viz; ZnSo4 (0.4%) FeS04 (0.4%), MnS04 (0.2%) and H3 B03 (0.2%) and making fifteen various combination their of was conducted at thts institude on mango cv. Mallika during 1994–95 and 1995–96 to assess impact of micronutrients on quality of fruits. Spray on micronutrients was found effective in bringing better quality of frutis.
Avaliação dos medicamentos utilizados e possíveis interações medicamentosas em doentes renais crônicos

Aims: To describe the drugs most frequently used by patients in hemodialysis and to identify potential drug-drug interactions. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in a hospital hemodialysis unit. Each combination of drugs prescription was analyzed in Micromedex © 2014 Truven Health Analytics (Michigan, United States), to identify potential drug-drug interactions and classify them according to severity. Results: Sixty-five patients were included. The mean age was 59.1±14.7 years and 50.8% were women. The occurrence of polypharmacy was 87.7%, with average of 6.3±3.1 medications/patient, the most frequent being calcium carbonate (n=55, 84.6%) and erythropoietin (n=47, 72.3%). The prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions was 56.9%, with median of one interaction per patient, and most were classified as moderate (49.1%) being the most frequent atenolol/calcium carbonate (n=9, 8.0%) and iron/calcium carbonate (n=9, 8.0%). The presence and number of potential moderate or important drug-drug interactions were significantly associated with the number of drugs used by the patient (P<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions was high and closely linked to the number of drugs used by each patient. The population with chronic kidney disease requires the use of various drugs, therefore the careful selection of therapeutic alternatives through pharmaceutical assistance is important for effective, rational and safe use of medicines.
Tribulus terrestris Hydroalcoholic Extract Administration Effects on Reproductive Parameters and Serum Level of Glucose in Diabetic Male Rats

El uso de plantas medicinales para el tratamiento de enfermedades es una importante estrategia considerada en estudios clinicos y experimentales. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la administracion de extracto de Tribulus terrestris hidroalcoholico en el nivel serico de glucosa y los parametros reproductivos en ratas macho diabeticas. En este estudio experimental, se dividieron 30 ratas Wistar (200­250 g) macho adultas, en 5 grupos (n= 6). Se indujo diabetes por una sola inyeccion intraperitoneal (i.p.) de 50 mg/kg de estreptozotocina. Los grupos experimentales recibieron inyeccion i.p diaria del extracto (100, 250 y 500 mg/kg) una semana despues de la induccion de la diabetes durante dos semanas. Al final del experimento, los niveles sericos de testosterona y de glucosa se examinaron por ELISA y el dispositivos Glucodr, respectivamente. Ademas, fueron evaluados los parametros de morfologia, conteo y motilidad espermatica. Los diametros de los tubulos seminiferos de los testiculos se evaluaron sobre la base de secciones de parafina de 5 mm tenidos con H&E. Los datos fueron evaluados por ANOVA de una via seguido de prueba post-hoc utilizando el programa SPSS (version 20). En los grupos tratados con extracto de T. terrestris hubo una reduccion significativa en los niveles de glucosa en la sangre, mientras que se observo un aumento en el recuento y motilidad espermatica, el diametro de los tubulos seminiferos, el porcentaje de espermatozoides con morfologia normal, el nivel de testosterona y el peso corporal final de las ratas en comparacion con el grupo de ratas diabeticas (p <0,001). En conclusion, el extracto de T. terrestris hidroalcoholico disminuye los niveles sericos de glucosa y los efectos secundarios de la diabetes en el sistema reproductivo mediante el aumento de los niveles sericos de testosterona, mejorando los parametros de los espermatozoides y la restitucion a diametro normal de los tubulos seminiferos dependiendo de la dosis.
Breakthrough Fungal Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients on Prophylactic Voriconazole.

Voriconazole is a triazole anti-fungal agent with excellent activity against Aspergillus spp. We use liquid itraconazole 200 mg PO twice daily from day 0 to a month beyond discontinuation of all immunosuppression as standard anti-fungal prophylaxis after allogeneic HSCT in patients with no prior history of aspergillosis. This is changed to PO voriconazole 200 mg twice daily if corticosteroid therapy is started for GVHD. Voriconazole is continued even after steroid therapy is discontinued. Patients with a past history of aspergillosis get voriconazole from day 0. 71 allograft recipients who received voriconazole, and in whom complete clinical, microbiologic, and pharmacokinetic data were available were studied to determine the efficacy of voriconazole in preventing invasive fungal infections (IFI). 17 patients had not received itraconazole previously. The remainder had received itraconazole for 1–161 days (median 14). The length of voriconazole therapy was 6–956 days (median 133). The total number of patient-days on voriconazole was 13805 (~38 years). A total of 10 IFIs were seen in patients on voriconazole: Candida glabrata (n=5), Candida krusei (n=1), Cunninghamella (n=1), Rhizopus (n=2), and Mucor (n=1). The figure below shows the actuarial probability of IFI − 18% at 1 year. [Figure 1][1] Figure 1 It is noteworthy that while 4 cases of zygomycosis were seen, no case of Aspergillus infection was seen. The figure below shows the actuarial probability of zygomycosis − 7% at 1 year. Zygomycetes are generally not susceptible to voriconazole, and thus breakthrough infections are not surprising. However, C. glabrata and C. krusei are often susceptible to voriconazole with MICs of 2 μ g/mL (P=0.061; Fisher’s exact test). This observation is in keeping with a recent report that showed correlation between voriconazole levels and therapeutic success in aspergillosis (Smith et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006;50:1570–1572). We conclude that (1) voriconazole is extremely effective at preventing aspergillus infections, (2) zygomycosis is a concern in voriconazole-treated patients although the incidence appears low, and (3) therapeutic drug monitoring with dose adjustment may be indicated in patients on voriconazole to avoid breakthrough infections with fungi that are otherwise susceptible to the drug. [Figure 2][1] Figure 2 [1]: pending:yes
Intermittent peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of acute renal failure in two horses

Summary Acute renal failure (ARF) in the horse is most commonly due to decreased renal perfusion or a nephrotoxic insult. Conventional therapy includes the administration of i.v. fluids, frusemide, mannitol and/or dopamine, as well as general supportive care. However, not all horses with ARF will respond to these treatments. In these cases, peritoneal dialysis is a viable therapeutic option. This case report describes 2 horses with ARF that was refractory to conventional therapy. Intermittent peritoneal dialysis was used effectively in both cases for treatment of the ARF. Dialysis was easy to perform and associated only with minor complications. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing the successful use of intermittent peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of ARF in the horse.
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEMBERIAN IMUNISASI DASAR LENGKAP PADA BAYI TAHUN 2015

Imunisasi merupakan upaya pencegahan penyakit, Cakupan imunisasi di Indonesia tahun 2013 sebesar 59,2%, sedangkan target renstra (88%), di Sumbar 84,51% dan di Kota Padang 84,8%. Penelitian ini berujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi pemberian imunisasi dasar lengkap. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional yang dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Kuranji. Sampel penelitian 80 orang diambil secara accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi. Analisis data secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil analisis univariat diperoleh 47,50% imunisasi tidak lengkap, berpendidikan rendah 5%, bekerja 30%, berpengetahuan rendah 48,75%, sikap negatif 50%, pelayanan kesehatan kurang 10%, hambatan 18,75% dan motivasi kurang 40%. Hasil analisis bivariat diperoleh p-value pengetahuan (0,007), sikap (0,014), motivasi (0,001), informasi (0,04), pendidikan (0,34), pekerjaan (0,66), pelayanan kesehatan (0,47), hambatan (0,43) tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan pemberian imunisasi. Hasil analisis multivariat diperoleh p-value variabel motivasi=0,0001. Pengetahuan, sikap dan motivasi orang tua serta informasi tentang imunisasi merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kelangkapan pemberian imunisasi dasar pada bayi, oleh karena itu diisarankan kepada petugas kesehatan agar meningkatkan promosi kesehatan terutama tentang imunisasi. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Sikap, Motivasi, Informasi Kesehatan
The Flavonoid Quercetin Induces AP-1 Activation in FRTL-5 Thyroid Cells

Previous studies have shown that quercetin inhibits thyroid function both in vitro and in vivo. An attempt to evaluate the effect of quercetin at the promoter level of the thyroid-specific genes led to the observation that this compound induces the basal activity of the reporter vector. Therefore, the action of quercetin has been evaluated on the basal activity of several reporter vectors: The PGL3 basic, promoter and control vectors from Promega, and a pSV-based chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter vector. In the Fisher Rat Thyroid cell Line FRTL-5 thyroid cells transiently transfected, quercetin 10 μM increased the basal activity of all the reporter vectors evaluated, although the degree of the effect was significantly different among them. The analysis of the difference among the regulatory regions of these vectors identified the activator protein 1 (AP-1) binding site as one of the potential sites involved in the quercetin effect. Electromobility shift assay experiments showed that the treatment with quercetin induced the binding of a protein complex to an oligonucleotide containing the AP-1 consensus binding site. This is the first study showing an effect of quercetin on AP-1 activity in thyroid cells. Further studies are in progress to understand the role of AP-1 activation in the effects of quercetin on thyroid function.
Fracture non-union epidemiology and treatment

Fracture non-union remains a clinical problem despite advances in the understanding of basic science and technology. Each fracture has a unique personality as does the patient suffering the injury. Thus, each case must be treated on an individual basis. This article defines the problem of fracture non-union and reports recent epidemiological studies. We discuss relevant risk factors and methods for assessing patients who have a tendency toward fracture non-union. There are many treatment options for patients with non-union, where a number of these modalities are still under review. We discuss current evidence with the use of bone morphogenic protein, platelet-rich plasma and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound to augment the treatment of fracture non-union.
A retrospective multicenter study on long-term prevalence of chronic pain after cardiac surgery

Background There are limited data on sternotomy as a cause of chronic postsurgical pain, mainly restricted to 1 year after surgery. Aims To assess the prevalence of chronic poststernotomy pain and its interference on daily living. Methods In three groups of patients, a standardized telephone interview was obtained at 3 months (n = 313), 1 year (n = 313), and 3 years (n = 319) following the rehabilitation program after cardiac surgery, in 11 rehabilitation centers. Presence, site, and the severity and interference of pain on selected daily living items were assessed. Results The prevalence of pain after cardiac surgery was 35.3% in the 3-month group, 26.8% in the 1-year group, and 19.8% in the 3-year group (P < 0.0001). Pain in the 3-year group was rated as moderate to severe in one-third of the patients. In patients aged above 75 years, the prevalence of pain in the 3-month and the 3-year group was nonsignificantly different [34.2 and 29.3%, respectively (NS)]. In the 3-month group, pain was more frequent in the female (51.4%) than in the male patients (31.3%; P < 0.01); in the remaining groups, a comparable prevalence was documented. Conclusion Results form this large, retrospective, multicenter survey indicated that one out of five patients still complain pain at 3 years after cardiac surgery; persistence of pain was more common in the older patients. The approach to management of chronic pain by cardiologists and cardiac surgeons should be improved.
Patients' Discharge Information Needs Regarding Myocardial Infarction in Bangladesh

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the level of patients’ discharge information needs regarding myocardial infarction in Bangladesh. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Hospital (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The work of Gerard and Peterson (1984) was integrated to the conceptualization of patients’ needs. Data were collected from 130 myocardial infarction (MI) patients by using the Modified Cardiac Patient Learning Need Inventory, Patient Version (MCPLNI-Patient). The content validity of the instrument was examined by three experts and the reliability was obtained by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient yielding value of 0.90. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Patients with MI reported needs for discharge information at a high level (M = 4.40, SD = 0.37). All eight categories of discharge information needs were at a high level. The most important discharge information needs were related to medication, followed by symptom management and dietary information. Conclusion: The study identified the level of discharge information needs of patients with MI. The result of this study will provide as essential information for an effective cardiac education plan for patients with MI in order to prevention of further readmission and death.
Medical Student Opinions on their Training in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Problem-based learning (PBL) in medical school curricula have de-emphasized over-arching disciplines such as clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT). Since McMaster's medical curriculum is at the forefront of PBL, there is a unique interest in gauging the adequacy of CPT training at the institution. The objective of this study was to capture opinions of McMaster medical students towards provision of CPT training in their curricu- lum. A self-administered survey was conducted at the end of the CPT review class for licensing exams in years 2007-2009. The survey had the following three components: (i) demographics, (ii) description of the medical school, and (iii) response themes assessment. The average age of the sample was 26.4±4.0 years and 68.5% of respondents were female (n=149). For importance of learning in CPT, 73.1% to 100% of students rated 11 out of 12 CPT domains to be important. The majority of respondents (73.3%) indicated a poor rating of their training in CPT. 33% of students reported that their training in clinical pharmacology was most likely to occur during clerkship. 63% of students reported the same for their training in therapeutics. Moreover, students who did not find their prescription writing training to be adequate were much less likely to rate their overall CPT education as "good. " Collectively, the results indicate that McMaster students did not find CPT training to be adequate, despite the majority of students citing it as an important aspect of their training. Based on these results, a more integrated approach to CPT education and training is recommended.