Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of virtual memory MTU reassembly within the PowerPC architecture

Message transfer unit (MTU) reassembly schemes in modern operating systems cause I/O performance degradation when MTU sizes are larger than the architecture's page size. This can happen with emerging network technologies, such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), where MTUs can be 64 KB or greater Traditional solutions either reassemble using memory copy or preallocate contiguous memory; these, however lack speed or consume excess resources, respectively. This paper presents an alternative scheme called Virtual Memory MTU Reassembly (VMMR) which reassembles non-contiguous pages through virtual memory remapping. VMMR allows hardware/software interfaces to efficiently DMA large MTUs in hardware pages and remap them to a contiguous address space. Studies done on a PowerPC 601 show that this method can outperform memcopy by one to two orders of magnitude (the maximum VMMR bandwidth is 14.7 Gbits/sec). High-performance multimedia applications, such as video on demand and video conferencing, can greatly benefit from such a performance boost.
Hybrid Models for Chinese Named Entity Recognition

This paper describes a hybrid model and the corresponding algorithm combining support vector machines (SVMs) with statistical methods to improve the performance of SVMs for the task of Chinese Named Entity Recognition (NER). In this algorithm, a threshold of the distance from the test sample to the hyperplane of SVMs in feature space is used to separate SVMs region and statistical method region. If the distance is greater than the given threshold, the test sample is classified using SVMs; otherwise, the statistical model is used. By integrating the advantages of two methods, the hybrid model achieves 93.18% F-measure for Chinese person names and 91.49% Fmeasure for Chinese location names.
Learning the 3-D structure of objects from 2-D views depends on shape, not format

Humans can learn to recognize new objects just from observing example views. However, it is unknown what structural information enables this learning. To address this question, we manipulated the amount of structural information given to subjects during unsupervised learning by varying the format of the trained views. We then tested how format affected participants' ability to discriminate similar objects across views that were rotated 90° apart. We found that, after training, participants' performance increased and generalized to new views in the same format. Surprisingly, the improvement was similar across line drawings, shape from shading, and shape from shading + stereo even though the latter two formats provide richer depth information compared to line drawings. In contrast, participants' improvement was significantly lower when training used silhouettes, suggesting that silhouettes do not have enough information to generate a robust 3-D structure. To test whether the learned object representations were format-specific or format-invariant, we examined if learning novel objects from example views transfers across formats. We found that learning objects from example line drawings transferred to shape from shading and vice versa. These results have important implications for theories of object recognition because they suggest that (a) learning the 3-D structure of objects does not require rich structural cues during training as long as shape information of internal and external features is provided and (b) learning generates shape-based object representations independent of the training format.
The Segmentation of Images via Scale-Space Trees

A useful representation of an image would be an object tree in which nodes represent objects, or parts of objects, and which includes at least one node that, together with its children, represents each object: a grandmothernode. It is shown that scale-trees, obtained from greyscale images, approximate such a tree. It is then shown how they may be modified using other attributes to more closely become object trees. The result is a data structure that provides “handles” for every element of the image that can be used for manipulating the image. This segmentation has potential for object recognition.
Uma Estratégia baseada em Metamodelo para Geração de Código Orientado a Aspectos

Esse artigo apresenta MARISA-AOCode, uma estratégia baseada em MDD que suporta a transformação de projeto detalhado para diferentes linguagens de Programação Orientada a Aspectos. MARISA-AOCode define regras de transformação entre aSideML, uma linguagem de modelagem para projeto detalhado orientado a aspectos, e Metaspin, um metamodelo genérico para linguagens de programação orientadas a aspectos. A instanciação do modelo genérico provido por MARISA-AOCode, o modelo Metaspin, é ilustrada através da transformação do Metaspin para a linguagem AspectLua.
Phytolith Transport in Texturally Differentiated Soils

Aims: Over the last decade phytolith analysis has been increasingly used in paleoenvironmental, archeological and paleopedological research. It resulted in standardization of phytolith sample collection, laboratory methods of phytolith extraction, counting and developing reference collections. In spite of all these advances some issues of phytolith translocation in soil profiles have not been comprehensively studied. This study describes an attempt to assess phytolith translocation along the profile of texturally differentiated soils. Study Design: Comparative analysis of the two soil profiles. Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry SB RAS, Core Facility “Cenozoic geochronology” (both in Novosibirsk, Russia), and the Center for Applied Isotope Studies, University of Georgia (Athens, USA), between June 2015 and May 2016. Methodology: Catenary approach, accelerator mass spectrometry dating and phytolith analysis were used to register phytolith translocation down the profile of polygenetic Umbric-Cutanic Albeluvisols. Results: The obtained results allowed to establish, depending on soil catenary position and the extent of profile texture differentiation, the following: 1) some facts of phytoliths’ translocation, 2) varying rate of 14 C-phytoliths’ rejuvenation, and 3) changes in soil phytolith profiles due to eluvialilluvial processes. The most pronounced changes in phytolith profiles were found in soils at eluvial position of the catena, while smaller changes were observed in the soil at the transit positions. Conclusion: The possible translocation of phytolith down soil profiles should be taken into consideration while performing phytolithic analysis of forest soils. Original Research Article Denis; ARRB, 18(6): 1-10, 2017; Article no.ARRB. 37227 2
The Post‐Eocene Evolution of the Doruneh Fault Region (Central Iran): The Intraplate Response to the Reorganization of the Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone

The Cenozoic deformation history of Central Iran has been dominantly accommodated by the activation of major intracontinental strike‐slip fault zones, developed in the hinterland domain of the Arabia‐Eurasia convergent margin. Few quantitative temporal and kinematic constraints are available from these strike‐slip deformation zones, hampering a full assessment of the style and timing of intraplate deformation in Iran and the understanding of the possible linkage to the tectonic reorganization of the Zagros collisional zone. This study focuses on the region to the north of the active trace of the sinistral Doruneh Fault. By combing structural and low‐temperature apatite fission track (AFT) and (U‐Th)/He (AHe) thermochronology investigations, we provide new kinematic and temporal constraints to the deformation history of Central Iran. Our results document a post‐Eocene polyphase tectonic evolution dominated by dextral strike‐slip tectonics, whose activity is constrained since the early Miocene in response to an early, NW‐SE oriented paleo‐σ1 direction. A major phase of enhanced cooling/exhumation is constrained at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, caused by a switch of the maximum paleo‐σ1 direction to N‐S. When integrated into the regional scenario, these data are framed into a new tectonic reconstruction for the Miocene‐Quaternary time lapse, where strike‐slip deformation in the intracontinental domain of Central Iran is interpreted as guided by the reorganization of the Zagros collisional zone in the transition from an immature to a mature stage of continental collision.
Cardiac function assessed by exercise echocardiography on the first morning after coronary artery bypass grafting

Cardiac surgery patients are urged to resume light physical activity on the first postoperative day, even if cardiac function may not have recovered fully after the operation. To elucidate the postoperative recovery process, we examined cardiac surgery patients with exercise echocardiography before and on the first day after the operation. Patients undergoing on‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting were examined with echocardiography during semirecumbent cycle exercise. Patients exercised for five minutes at 10 W intensity and five minutes at 30 W intensity in bed with the upper body supported to approximately 30°. Fourteen patients were studied. Mitral annulus excursion and pulsed wave Doppler from the left ventricular outflow tract indicated postoperatively reduced cardiac stroke volume. Early diastolic tissue velocities of the mitral annulus were reduced, and early trans‐mitral flow velocity was increased. The ratio between early mitral flow velocity and early diastolic mitral tissue velocity was increased postoperatively, indicating impaired left ventricular relaxation and increased left atrial pressure. Postoperative systolic mitral annulus tissue velocities were similar to preoperative velocities, indicating maintained systolic function. Postoperative exercise was associated with improvements in myocardial function indices and cardiac stroke volume similar to preoperative improvements. There were no signs of further deterioration in myocardial function during 30 W exercise. In summary, reduced left ventricular diastolic function after surgery resulted in reduced cardiac stroke volume, increased left atrial pressure and a higher rate of perceived exertion on the first postoperative day.
Extracted Pixels Similarity Features (EPSF) using Interactive Image Segmentation Techniques

automatic image segmentation methods are among the segmentation methods that are used to achieve high quality segmentation result. These techniques are said to be interactive because their processes required input from their users to distinguish between the foreground and background of the image via color makers. Therefore color and texture features are an important aspect for the improvement of those methods in order to achieve success. The reason is that, the addition of a vast range of color features can guide the region merging process to achieve accurate results. In this paper, we proposed a new interactive image segmentation method based on extracted pixels similarity features with the aid of color parameters comprising of seven features. These are namely: Red, Green, Blue, Hue, Saturation, Value and Texture Features. In our method, the initial step is to pre-segment the image. The next is the extraction of the color features from the image. Finally our method then merge all the pre-segmented regions of the image background to extract the contour. Our proposed method has successfully been implemented and achieve good quality segmentation results by measuring the similarity between a region and its neighboring regions. In this method, the image regions are acquired by means of a pre-segmentation process via mean-shift. The region merging process was carried out based on the highest similarity between regions. Thus, the regions were merged with their neighboring regions based on the fact that the highest similarity criteria was achieved. From the various experiments that were performed on the nine test images, it is evident that our proposed method achieved an average of 98.99% from all experiment carried out on the nine test images, when compared with their ground truth. That shows that our proposed method produced better segmentation results than the Graph Cut and the Dimension- free Directional Filter Bank Thresholding and Multistage Adaptive Thresholding respectively. Finally, our proposed method have been proved to be robust enough to segment both color and greyscale images and based on the results produced it can be concluded that our proposed method have achieved good quality segmentation results for both color and greyscale images.
Fitting mechanistic models to Daphnia panel data within a panelPOMP framework

Mechanistic modeling in ecological studies is always an intriguing but challenging topic. On one hand, mechanistic models allow quantitative analysis, provide better insight of the dynamic system and enable inference and prediction. On the other hand, however, it’s constrained by the nonlinear, non-Gaussian feature of most of the ecological data. Panel data is a common data type used in ecology. It contains multi-dimensional data measured over time. Analyzing panel data incurs additional challenges because of its high dimensional feature. In this study, we aim to prove the viability and advance of mechanistic modeling on ecological panel data with panelPOMP framework and the panel iterated filtering maximization algorithm (PIF). We fit logistic growth model and predator-prey model on Daphnia panel data collected by Searle et al. (2016) with 10 independent time series, each including 10 data points. We perform PIF as likelihood maximization and parameter estimation method and compare two models using Akaike information criterion (AIC). The result shows that predator-prey model has better AIC, which indicates prey of Daphnia has a significant influence on Daphnia population dynamics. With this example, we illustrate how a panelPOMP model overcomes the nonlinearity and high dimensional structure in panel data analysis, highlight its explanatory power on the latent process with no associated observable data and emphasize quantitative insight it grants.
Motionless phase stepping in X-ray phase contrast imaging with a compact source

Significance From diagnostic exams to security screening, a major concern in X-ray imaging is the potential damage from absorbed radiation energy. Phase contrast techniques are being developed to alleviate the concern by detecting the slight refractive bending of X-rays in an object, instead of relying on the attenuation of the beam. A front runner in the development is technologies that require mechanical scanning of a grating in the X-ray beam to attain high-resolution images. This paper reports a motionless, electromagnetic scanning method in place of mechanical scanning. It lifts the constraints on speed and flexibility and reduces the complexity and cost of the technologies, all of which help bring them closer to everyday applications. X-ray phase contrast imaging offers a way to visualize the internal structures of an object without the need to deposit significant radiation, and thereby alleviate the main concern in X-ray diagnostic imaging procedures today. Grating-based differential phase contrast imaging techniques are compatible with compact X-ray sources, which is a key requirement for the majority of clinical X-ray modalities. However, these methods are substantially limited by the need for mechanical phase stepping. We describe an electromagnetic phase-stepping method that eliminates mechanical motion, thus removing the constraints in speed, accuracy, and flexibility. The method is broadly applicable to both projection and tomography imaging modes. The transition from mechanical to electromagnetic scanning should greatly facilitate the translation of X-ray phase contrast techniques into mainstream applications.
Constrained portfolio selection using artificial bee colony ( ABC ) algorithm

—Well-known and important problem of portfolio selection (optimization) in economics, finance and management was partially solved using traditional methods and techniques. However, since the problem is intractable, nondeterministic optimization metaheuristics are better suited tools for such problems. This paper presents artificial bee colony (ABC) swarm intelligence metaheuristic for solving constrained portfolio optimization problem. To prove the algorithm's robustness and efficiency for this application, series of tests on standard benchmark portfolio data used in the literature were performed. The algorithm was compared to the genetic algorithm (GA) approach and firefly algorithm (FA) swarm intelligence metaheuristic, which were tested on the same data set. Optimization results showed that the ABC algorithm obtains satisfying results.
Runtime Assurance Based On Formal Specifications

We describe the Monitoring and Checking (MaC) framework which assures the correctness of the current execution at run-time. Monitoring is performed based on a formal specification of system requirements. MaC bridges the gap between formal specification and verification, which ensures the correctness of a design rather than an implementation, and testing, which partially validates an implementation. An important aspect of the framework is a clear separation between implementation-dependent description of monitored objects and high-level requirements specification. Another salient feature is automatic instrumentation of executable code. The paper presents an overview of the framework and two languages to specify monitoring scripts and requirements, and briefly explain our on-going prototype implementation. Comments Postprint version. Published in 1999 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications PDPTA99, 1999, Volume 1, pages 279-287. Publisher URL: http://www.informatik. uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/pdpta/pdpta1999-1.html This conference paper is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/cis_papers/294 Runtime Assurance Based On Formal Speci cations I. Lee, S. Kannan, M. Kim, O. Sokolsky, and M. Viswanathan Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104
An Integer Programming Model for the Dynamic Location and Relocation of Emergency Vehicles: A Case Study

In this paper, we address the dynamic Emergency Medical Service (EMS) systems. A dynamic location model is presented that tries to locate and relocate the ambulances. The proposed model controls the movements and locations of ambulances in order to provide a better coverage of the demand points under different fluctuation patterns that may happen during a given period of time. Some numerical experiments have been carried out by using some real-world data sets that have been collected through the French EMS system.
The FtsH Protease Heterocomplex in Arabidopsis: Dispensability of Type-B Protease Activity for Proper Chloroplast Development[W]

Chloroplast development requires protein quality control in which the ATP-dependent protease FtsH plays a versatile role. This study finds that FtsH, composed of a heterocomplex by Type A and Type B isomers in the thylakoid membrane, can function without the protease activity provided by Type B isomers, implying that it has more protease sites than are needed for proper chloroplast development. FtsH is an ATP-dependent metalloprotease present as a hexameric heterocomplex in thylakoid membranes. Encoded in the Arabidopsis thaliana YELLOW VARIEGATED2 (VAR2) locus, FtsH2 is one isoform among major Type A (FtsH1/5) and Type B (FtsH2/8) isomers. Mutants lacking FtsH2 (var2) and FtsH5 (var1) are characterized by a typical leaf-variegated phenotype. The functional importance of the catalytic center (comprised by the zinc binding domain) in FtsH2 was assessed in this study by generating transgenic plants that ectopically expressed FtsH2(488), a proteolytically inactive version of FtsH2. The resulting amino acid substitution inhibited FtsH protease activity in vivo when introduced into Escherichia coli FtsH. By contrast, expression of FtsH2(488) rescued not only leaf variegation in var2 but also seedling lethality in var2 ftsh8, suggesting that the protease activity of Type B isomers is completely dispensable, which implies that the chloroplastic FtsH complex has protease sites in excess and that they act redundantly rather than coordinately. However, expression of FtsH2(488) did not fully rescue leaf variegation in var1 var2 because the overall FtsH levels were reduced under this background. Applying an inducible promoter to our complementation analysis revealed that rescue of leaf variegation indeed depends on the overall amount of FtsH. Our results elucidate protein activity and its amount as important factors for the function of FtsH heterocomplexes that are composed of multiple isoforms in the thylakoid membrane.
Gene Expression Changes in Phosphorus Deficient Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Leaves and the Potential for Diagnostic Gene Expression Markers

Background There are compelling economic and environmental reasons to reduce our reliance on inorganic phosphate (Pi) fertilisers. Better management of Pi fertiliser applications is one option to improve the efficiency of Pi fertiliser use, whilst maintaining crop yields. Application rates of Pi fertilisers are traditionally determined from analyses of soil or plant tissues. Alternatively, diagnostic genes with altered expression under Pi limiting conditions that suggest a physiological requirement for Pi fertilisation, could be used to manage Pifertiliser applications, and might be more precise than indirect measurements of soil or tissue samples. Results We grew potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants hydroponically, under glasshouse conditions, to control their nutrient status accurately. Samples of total leaf RNA taken periodically after Pi was removed from the nutrient solution were labelled and hybridised to potato oligonucleotide arrays. A total of 1,659 genes were significantly differentially expressed following Pi withdrawal. These included genes that encode proteins involved in lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism, characteristic of Pi deficient leaves and included potential novel roles for genes encoding patatin like proteins in potatoes. The array data were analysed using a support vector machine algorithm to identify groups of genes that could predict the Pi status of the crop. These groups of diagnostic genes were tested using field grown potatoes that had either been fertilised or unfertilised. A group of 200 genes could correctly predict the Pi status of field grown potatoes. Conclusions This paper provides a proof-of-concept demonstration for using microarrays and class prediction tools to predict the Pi status of a field grown potato crop. There is potential to develop this technology for other biotic and abiotic stresses in field grown crops. Ultimately, a better understanding of crop stresses may improve our management of the crop, improving the sustainability of agriculture.