Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacognostical Studies on Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. (Fabaceae)

Nature has created plants in the world for every ailment and there is a cure for every diseases and man has to find it. The plant Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. is a medicinally important and the fruits are edible. Systematic and detailed Pharmacognostical studies were performed on Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. The studies include anatomical characters of leaf, stem and roots, fluorescence analysis of the leaf, stem and root powders and their extracts in petroleum ether (40-60 o ), benzene, chloroform and methanol in the selected species. Quantitative determination such as moisture content, total ash, water-soluble ash, acid insoluble ash, water extractive values and sulphated ash have also been made. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts was done and the results showed that tannins, protein and steroid were predominantly present in all the form extracts of leaf, stem and root.
Using social media data in understanding site-scale landscape architecture design: taking Seattle Freeway Park as an example

ABSTRACT Social media is a fast-growing area in built environment studies used to understand public opinions and landscape usage. As most literature focuses on regional topics, this paper marks a pilot effort to study site-scale issues using social media data. Taking the Seattle Freeway Park as an example, 3314 Instagram posts from 2035 users for three years (2015–2017) were mined and categorised to answer two research questions: (1) how is Seattle Freeway Park used as a public space? (2) what are the users’ emotional or affective ties to the built environment of Seattle Freeway Park? An analytic procedure for analysing and understanding site-scale crowdsourcing data was developed and introduced. The results bring new perspectives and insights about public space design by discussing the associations between park usage in terms of design features, publicity, and climate.
Maximum size distributions in tropical forest communities: relationships with rainfall and disturbance

1 The diversity and structure of communities are partly determined by how species partition resource gradients. Plant size is an important indicator of species position along the vertical light gradient in the vegetation. 2 Here, we compared the size distribution of tree species in 44 Ghanaian tropical forest communities, using data from 880 one‐hectare plots and over 118 000 trees belonging to more than 210 species. 3 The size distribution of forest species showed a continuous normal or log‐normal distribution, with many canopy species and a few large species, and varied from community to community. Multiple regression showed that this variation is related to rainfall and to disturbance. 4 Size distributions in wet forests were less skewed than those in dry forests, with a smaller proportion of big species and a smaller size range. At the same time they exhibited tighter species packing, resulting in higher species richness. Communities with high disturbance have less species packing and lower species richness. 5 Synthesis. We conclude that the factors that constrain organism size and species coexistence in these tropical forest tree communities differ from those known to operate on a number of well‐studied animal communities.
Geographical Indications and Price Volatility Dynamics of Lamb Prices in Spain

For decades, food quality standards have attracted the interest of governance institutions and regulation authorities, who have responded to the increasing and demanding societal challenges. In addition, the open debate on significant variability and unusually high levels of agrifood prices recorded in 2007 and later in 2011 affect the behavior of the chain actors involved. As an attempt to bring together these wide concerns within a quantitative framework, a comparative analysis of the performance of the price volatility dynamics allowing for asymmetric behavior along the supply chain of a protected geographical indication (PGI)-certified lamb and its corresponding non-PGI counterpart, both located in the same region of Spain, was undertaken using weekly farm-retail prices for the period 2011–2018. The results indicate the existence of significant volatilities and an asymmetric transmission mechanism along the non-PGI-certified lamb supply chain, whereas the PGI-certified supply chain is impacted by volatility effects, yet characterized by symmetric behavior, which may suggest a high degree of relative market efficiency.
Spatial and temporal regulation of cerebral cortex development by the transcription factor pax6

3 TABLE OF FIGURES . 8 ABBREVIATIONS . 11 CHAPTER 1: General Introduction . 13 1.1 Overview . 14 1.2 Pax6: a transcription factor expressed in the CNS from early developmental stages . 14 1.3 Early patterning of the embryonic telencephalon . 16 1.4 Regionally enriched transcription factors specify dorsal and ventral telencephalic identities . 19 1.5 Progenitor cell proliferation in the developing cortex . 23 1.5. 1 Apical progenitors . 24 1.5. 2 Basal progenitors . 27 1.5. 3 Determinants of neuronal output . 28 1.6 Cortical neuron migration . 30 1.6. 1 Mechanisms of radial neuron migration in the developing cortex . 30 1.6. 2 Cajal-Retzius cells: a transient neuronal population with important roles in the laminar organization of the cerebral cortex . 34 1.6. 3 Integration of interneurons into the cortex via complex migratory paths . 35 1.7 Radial and tangential organization of the cerebral cortex . 38 1.7. 1 Radial organization in layers . 39 1.7. 2 Tangential subdivision into functional areas . 44 1.8 Transcription factor gradients: interpreting the spatial and temporal roles of Pax6 levels in the developing cortex . 47 CHAPTER 2: Materials and Methods . 50 2.1 Animals and Genotyping . 51
Marek’s disease: time to review the emerging threat in Indian poultry

SUMMARY Marek’s disease (MD) is one of the re-emerging diseases in Indian poultry. MD outbreaks are reported from different parts of the country in spite of vaccination, causing major economic losses. Flock mortality of 10–40% have still been observed in vaccinated flocks during outbreaks, although MD is considered to be well controlled with vaccination. Almost 100% of the commercial poultry flocks are vaccinated in the hatchery. Bivalent (HVT+SB1 or HVT+301B/1) or monovalent (HVT) vaccines are used in India. In spite of intensive vaccination, outbreaks are still reported from different parts of the world including India. MD virus (MDV) Indian field isolates from different outbreaks during the last decade are categorised into virulent (vMDV) and very virulent (vvMDV) pathotypes, based on different serotype 1 specific gene sequencing and in vivo pathotyping. The emergence of virulence in MDV is attributed to compromised bio-security, concurrent immunosuppressive diseases and vaccination failure. MD outbreaks in vaccinated Indian poultry flocks cause annual losses of approximately 40 million Indian rupees. Country-wide surveillance and reporting of MD outbreaks and further characterisation of the Indian field isolate should be taken as a priority. Reviewing current vaccination strategy and examining the need for the introduction of more effective vaccines that give better protection against more virulent strains should be considered with equal importance along with improved bio-security measures, management practices and more effective control of immunosuppressive diseases.
Extent of heterosis for grain yield and its contributing traits in rabi sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

Heterosis has been successfully exploited commercially in kharif sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. However, the progress in rabi sorghum is restricted and there is a need for critical studies heterosis and combining ability involving diverse sources of germplasm and landraces. A total of 50 sorghum hybrids were derived by line × tester design using two male sterile lines viz., M 31-2A and 104A, as testers and were assessed for Extent of heterosis for grain yield and its contributing traits in rabi 2019-20. Among 50 crosses 13 exhibited significant standard heterosis for yield over popular variety M 35-1 (check). The crosses M 31-2A × IS 32439 (65.28 g) and M 31-2A × IS 11619 (60.83 g) recorded maximum heterosis for grain yield per plant. The cross M 31-2A × IS 4581 exhibited maximum heterosis for 100 seed weight followed by M 31-2A × IS 30451, 104A × IS 30451 and 104A × IS 4581. for panicle length, the cross 104A × IS 602 exhibited highest significant positive standard heterosis over the checks M 31-2A, BJV 44 and PKV Kranti.
Antioxidant Therapy and its Effectiveness in Oxidative Stress‐Mediated Disorders

Antioxidants are chemical compounds that give an electron to free radical molecules and convert them into a harmless configuration. This prevents damage to chain reaction and can involve lipids, proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates, DNA, cell, and nuclear membranes up to the death of the cell. When the body’s scavenging ability is not able to deal with free radical species, that is, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), they cause oxidative damage in all the body’s tissues, leading to disease. The effect of oxidative stress at the cellular level is illustrated in Figure 15.1. This oxidation-induced damage may be prevented by exogenous or endogenous antioxidants. ROS seem to be an important factor involved in endothelial dysfunction, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and ischemia, while RNS have been associated with arthritis, diabetes, degenerative neuronal diseases, cancer, and atherosclerosis. Under physiological conditions, the overproduction of ROS and RNS and their neutralization are prevented by the activity of the endogenous antioxidative defense system (AOS). It includes enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and other antioxidant regenerating enzymes such as glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase that maintains reduced NADPH, hydrophilic scavengers like urate ascorbate glutathione, flavonoids, and lipophilic scavengers, like tocopherols, carotenoids, and ubiquinone. Antioxidants are generally supplied in the diet and include polyphenols, lipoic and ascorbic acid, carotenoids, resveratrol, epigallocathechin-3-0-gallate, lycopene, quercetin, genistein, ellagic acid, ubiquinone, and indole-3 carbinole. The properties of these compounds are involved in the physiological redox balance as they can prevent damage to the tissues due to the oxidation typical of all the biological systems and characterized by the production of highly reactive free radicals [1]. There is growing evidence that ROS play a key role in several pathological conditions and in the aging process. No final conclusion about possible therapy protocols based on the administration of antioxidant compounds has been reached yet, but it can be hypothesized that, in the near future, biochemical investigations, able to detect an oxidative imbalance, may become routine tests necessary to restore the antioxidant natural protective barrier, avoiding irreversible damage. An example of the power of antioxidant supplementation to prevent excessive oxidative stress is given by a study conducted in 400 healthy subjects to assess the effect of physical activity combined with antioxidant treatment (330 ml/day of Funcionat). This study shows that, after 10 months, the oxidative stress caused by exercise was prevented by the antioxidant treatment [2]. There is also a lack of agreement concerning the parameters of oxidative stress or antioxidant state in specific
PERAN KOMUNIKASI EFEKTIF PEMIMPIN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA INSTITUSI

This study aims to identify and understand two important things, namely; characteristics of effective communication of school principals and the role of effective communication of school principals in improving institutional performance. This research uses a qualitative approach to the type of library research, by collecting data from; books, kitab, journals, articles. Data analysis was performed using content analysis. Through the literature study, the results show that: first, there are six characteristics of effective communication of leaders: being gentle, not being rude in speech, not being stubborn, forgiving and asking for forgiveness, inviting deliberation, and committed to conducting joint decisions and resignation to Allah SWT. Second, effective communication leaders play a role in; 1) Increase the effectiveness in sharing the vision of the Mission; 2) Improving the performance of the staff in the teacher's specialty; 3) Establishing partnerships with the school community 4) building a conducive school climate; and 5) Increasing the students' achievements. The results implicates on the importance of leaders of Islamic institutions to have the characteristics of effective communication, so it can play a role in improving the performance of the Institution.
Seismic monitoring in the Gugla rock glacier (Switzerland): ambient noise correlation, microseismicity and modelling

A network of seismometers has been installed on the Gugla rock glacier since October 2015 to estimate seismic velocity changes and detect microseismicity. These two processes are related to mechanical and structural variations occurring within the rock glacier. Seismic monitoring thus allows a better understanding of the dynamics of rock glaciers throughout the year. We observed seasonal variations in seismic wave velocity and microseismic activity over the 3 yr of the study. In the first part of our analysis, we used ambient noise correlations to compute daily changes of surface wave velocity. In winter, seismic wave velocities were higher, probably due to refreezing of the permafrost active layer and cooling of the uppermost permafrost layers, leading to increased overall rigidity of the medium. This assumption was verified using a seismic model of wave propagation that estimates the depth of P- and S-wave velocity changes from 0 down to 10 m. During melting periods, both a sudden velocity decrease and a decorrelation of the seismic responses were observed. These effects can probably be explained by the increased water content of the active layer. In the second part of our study, we focused on detecting microseismic signals generated in and around the rock glacier. This seismic activity (microquakes and rockfalls) also exhibits seasonal variations, with a maximum in spring and summer, which correlates principally with an exacerbated post-winter erosional phase of the front and a faster rock glacier displacement rate. In addition, we observed short bursts of microseismicity, both during snowfall and during rapid melting periods, probably due to pore pressure increase.
With A Little Help from My Friends: Perceived Task Interdependence, Coworker Communication, and Workplace Friendship

ABSTRACT Workplace friendships are primary sites of organizing associated with important outcomes including cohesive climates, creativity and innovation, and employee job satisfaction. Research indicates the workplace context influences the initiation of workplace friendships via physical proximity and shared projects. The present study demonstrates how another context variable – perceived task interdependence (PTI) – influences both the initiation and the continued development of workplace friendships into closer levels. The links between PTI and workplace friendship were examined, centering on communication (frequency and channel) and trust as mediating variables. PTI was associated with both the initiation and development of workplace friendships. Moreover, the link between PTI and friendship closeness was fully moderated by communication and trust. Results also demonstrated that asymmetric PTI (i.e., one coworker is more/less dependent on the other) influenced trust, but only for non-friend coworkers. Friendship appears to buffer the relationship from potential negative effects of asymmetry.
An adaptive stacked hourglass network with Kalman filter for estimating 2D human pose in video

One of the main challenges in computer science and image processing is 2D human pose estimation. Specifically, occlusion and in particular occlusion of human joints caused by camera angle are of paramount importance. In this paper, a new highly accurate network was proposed that can estimate 2D human poses in video images using deep learning. We employ the Single Shot MultiBox Detector network to detect the centre position of each human within a video frame and then use the stacked hourglass network to estimate the 2D human pose. We approximate the human motion as a linear motion between different frames in a certain period; and optimize the human centres based on the local outlier factor and Kalman filters. The same method is applied to optimize the human pose estimations in video, which can address the inaccurate prediction caused by human joints occlusion. The proposed adaptive network is tested using the two well‐known benchmarks for human pose estimation (MPII and Joint‐annotated Human Motion Data Base datasets), and we also generate some 2D human pose estimating qualitative results of single and multiple people in Internet videos. The experimental results show that the proposed network has strong practicability and can achieve high accuracy on adaptive estimating the 2D human pose in video.
Targeted Inference Involving High-Dimensional Data Using Nuisance Penalized Regression

Abstract Analysis of high-dimensional data has received considerable and increasing attention in statistics. In practice, we may not be interested in every variable that is observed. Instead, often some of the variables are of particular interest, and the remaining variables are nuisance. To this end, we propose the nuisance penalized regression which does not penalize the parameters of interest. When the coherence between interest parameters and nuisance parameters is negligible, we show that resulting estimator can be directly used for inference without any correction. When the coherence is not negligible, we propose an iterative procedure to further refine the estimate of interest parameters, based on which we propose a modified profile likelihood based statistic for hypothesis testing. The utilities of our general results are demonstrated in three specific examples. Numerical studies lend further support to our method.
The role of infrastructure in economic growth and income inequality in Indonesia

The relationship between infrastructure development, economic growth, and income inequality has always been debated. Those debates raised the question of “is there a role for infrastructure development in economic growth which in turn encourages a decline in income inequality? ”. This study aims to analyze the direct effect of infrastructure development on economic growth and the indirect effect - on income inequality. The present study used the Gini Ratio, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) data at constant market prices, investment, number of workforces, percentage of poor population, distribution of clean water, electricity distribution, and road length as of 2010-2016. The analytical methods applied here include descriptive method along with a two-step regression analysis method. The results reveal that infrastructure had a positive effect on economic growth, whereas direct economic growth harmed income inequality. These findings demonstrate that infrastructure indirectly reduces income inequality. Thus, infrastructure development, especially basic infrastructure and transportation, could reduce income inequality in Indonesia. Based on these findings, the government and related parties should encourage investment in basic infrastructure and transportation to improve economic performance sustainably.
Heterosis in Macaroni Wheat

The performance of 36 hybrids of Triticum durum was studied in relation to that of standard recommended macaroni cultivar ‘Raj 911. ’ Eight crosses exhibited highly significant higher yield over ‘Raj 911’ ranging upto 29 ⋅ 29% heterotic response, in ‘Meghdoot × Grando’ involving Indian × Mexican derivatives. Number of effective tillers per plant, spike length and grain weight per spike were found to be major contributors for heterotic yield. The ranking of the best crosses on the basis of heterotic response and s.c. a. effects were different. The selection of the crosses based on heterotic response as against s.c. a. effects, has been realized. The best crosses, in general, involved additive × dominance or dominance × dominance types of epistatic gene interactions.
Statistical Evaluation of Social and Economic Factors of Development of State Models (The Case of Developed and Developing Countries)

—The paper presents the study of models for social and economic development of states, based on their indicators of sector efficiency and social development, incorporated in a factor model. The object of the study is a sample of developed and developing countries. The subject of the study is the selection of quantitative parameters of social and economic development models. The paper describes the system of models for the states with different social and economic development levels and presents the main provisions for collection and processing of data. As the discussion unfolds, we select the analytical methods and use the correlation and regression analysis to identify the main factors the define social utility. The actuality of this research lies in the fact that, at present, there is a redistribution of gross added value and GDP in the world towards countries - consumers. The backwardness of this social and economic structure is due to the situation in the international division of labor. The dualism of a social and economic system in these states is related to the priority that is given to market mechanisms over social policy in the context of globalization. We suggest that it is the social utility that should ensure the multi-sided development of human potential, which in turn contributes to the economic growth. A special attention in building the models is given to estimation of the parameters for the countries that showed maximum divergence (residuals) of indicators, characterizing the social stratification and the development of human potential system, structure of gross value added, correlation and regression analysis, social usefulness of the state, factors determining the effectiveness of state institutions, quantitative analysis of the factors that shape the effectiveness of state institutions, factors of efficiency of world labor productivity, factors of public utility of the world economic system