Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles via Sol-gel Technique

In this work, Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were successfully synthesizedvia a facile sol-gel techniqueusingzinc acetate dehydrate, triethanolamine, ethanol and ammonium hydroxide. Characteristics of the as synthesizedZnO-NPs were studied via X-Ray diffraction (XRD), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis,ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The XRD patterns confirmed the hexagonalwurtzite structure of ZnOwith lattice constant values, a = b = 3.2488 Å and c = 5.2054 Å . The average size of NPs estimated from ESEM images were in good agreement with the average crystal size obtained from the XRD data.The average particle size estimated from ESEM micrographs for solgel synthesis of ZnO-NPs was nearly 60 nm. The EDS study confirmed the presence of Oxygen and Zinc in the ZnO-NPs. The computed value of optical band gap was found to be 3.18 eV. The photoluminescencespectra revealed a strong emission band located at a wavelength of375 nm which is a typical UV band. This may be ascribed to the exciton recombination related near-band edge emission ofZnO. A week blueband at 465 nm was also observed which is owing to the electron transition from the conduction band to interstitialoxygen defects (Oin) in the ZnO.
ACTIVITY: A REAL-TIME VAR ANALYSIS

We undertake a real-time VAR analysis of the usefulness of the term spread, the junk-bond spread, the ISM’s New Orders Index, and broker/dealer equity for predicting growth in non-farm employment. To get around the “apples and oranges” problem described by Koenig, Dolmas and Piger (2003), we augment each VAR we consider with a flexible state-space model of employment revisions. This methodology produces jobs forecasts consistently superior to those obtained using conventional VAR analysis. They are also superior to Federal Reserve Greenbook forecasts and to median forecasts from the Survey of Professional Forecasters. The junk-bond spread is by far the best single predictor of future jobs growth. However, the term spread has some incremental predictive power at medium-to-long horizons. The incremental predictive power of broker/dealer equity, while small, exceeds that of the ISM index at every horizon. Acknowledgment: We have benefitted from helpful comments by participants in the Empirical Macroeconomics session of the 2010 Western Economic Association Meetings and the joint CIRANO–Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia 2010 Conference on Real-Time Data Analysis, Methods, and Applications. Disclaimer: Views expressed are those of the authors and are not necessarily shared by colleagues at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas or the Federal Reserve System.
IMPLICATIONS FOR REAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT SUCCESS: A STUDY OF AVATAR IDENTITY AS AN ANTCEDENT OF TEAM TRUST

By providing immersive, three dimensional environments where users can meet and communicate through avatars, or their graphical and fully customizable online alter egos, virtual worlds can replicate face-to-face meetings (Davis, Murphy, Owens, Khazanchi, & Zigurs, 2009; Schultze & Leahy, 2009). Unfortunately, minimal research exists into the application of virtual worlds on virtual project teams for real project management success (Davis, et al., 2009; Kaplan & Haenlein, 2009). This is a concern because virtual worlds present a paradox: they can mimic face-to-face communications to restore the visual cues that foster trust (Cowell & Cowell, 2009; Davis, et al., 2009) but their avatars’ identities may diverge from their owners’, thus potentially undermining that trust (Galanxhi & Nah, 2007; Wolfendale, 2007). Since virtual team members may never physically meet, it is unclear how this will affect virtual team member trust and project success when avatars are used for project communication.
Monetary tactics with an inflation target: the Swedish case

In November 1992, the Riksbank was forced to abandon the fixed exchange rate regime. The ultimate objective of monetary policy remained price stability, but the decision to let the Krona float involved a change in the overall strategy of monetary policy for achieving this ultimate objective. The Riksbank decided against replacing the fixed exchange rate with some other kind of intermediate target, such as a money supply target. In January 1993 the Governing Board of the Riksbank adopted an explicit inflation target by stating that the monetary policy target is to "limit the annual increase in the consumer price index in 1995 and onwards to 2%, with a degree of tolerance of ±1%. " In 1993 and 1994, that is, before the target became operative, monetary policy was to be directed towards preventing the underlying rate of inflation from rising.
Association of Internet Addiction and Self-Control with Mental Health Among Students of the University of Applied Sciences and Technology, Ilam City, Iran

Background and Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association of Internet addiction and self-control with mental health among students of the University of Applied Sciences and Technology(UAST) in Ilam city, Iran. Materials and Methods: Data collection tools included the Mental Health Goldenberg scale, Tanji Self-control Inventory and Young Internet Addiction questionnaires. The sample consisted of 101 UAST students in Ilam City, Iran. Results: Analysis of the data showed a statistically significant negative relationship between internet addiction and mental health and a positive association between self-control and mental health in maleand female-students. Conclusion: It can be concluded that he more a student uses the Internet, the more likely he/she is to be less healthy mentally, while if a student has more self-control, he/she is more likely to be healthier mentally.The use of the Internet among the new generation in the society is spreading, becoming an important part of life. It has been said that teenagers are at a high risk. Hence the responsible authorities should consider mental health as a factor preventing extreme behavior of young people.
Decomposing inflation using micro-price-level data: Sticky-price inflation

Some prices are stickier than others. In South Africa (SA), consumer prices on average change every five months; with the most frequent prices changing every month and the least frequent changing every 15 months. Firms that change prices less frequently generally need to take account of the likely path of future inflation when setting these prices if they want to maximise profits. Therefore, prices that are sticky contain more forwardlooking information and can be exploited to uncover inflation expectations and underlying, or core, inflation. Using micro-price data this paper decomposes goods inflation into a flexibleand sticky-price inflation measure for South Africa at a product level from 2008 to 2015. Flexible-price inflation is more volatile, less persistent, and contributes the most to volatility in overall goods inflation. Sticky-price inflation is more persistent, less volatile and correlates well with future goods inflation. The advantage of sticky-price inflation is that it grounds the concept of underlying inflation into the theoretical framework currently used by central banks to make policy decisions and what is considered optimal policy, making it an ideal core inflation candidate for the central bank. We provide an initial analysis of the appeal of sticky-price inflation comparing it to a number of other core inflation measures including the common exclusion-based measure currently used as well as extend versions of trimmed means and persistence-weighted measures. JEL Classification: E31, D40, C55
The Costs and Benefits of Expanding Hepatitis C Screening in the Indian Health Service

The Indian Health Service (IHS) provides medical services to approximately 2.2 million American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people in the United States. According to surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), AI/AN populations have the highest incidence of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the highest rate of HCV-related mortality relative to other racial and ethnic groups (CDC 2018). Given its disproportionate effect on the AI/AN community, understanding the seroprevalence of HCV and its associated costs can assist in determining whether and by how much to expand screening in the population served by IHS.
FOOD HABITS AND PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AMONG ADULT TRADERS (25-65YEARS) IN UMUAHIA MAIN MARKET, ABIA STATE *Okudu, HO and Nwabekee, IM

-The study was undertaken to determine food habits and the prevalence of obesity among adult traders (25-65 years) in Umuahia Main Market, Umuahia Abia State, Nigeria. Data for this report was obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 120 traders. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on socioeconomic characteristics and dietary pattern. Information on anthropometry was also determined using standard methods. Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist-hip-ratio were calculated. Data obtained from the study were subjected to statistical analysis, using statistical package for social sciences (SpSS) version 17. The results of the different variables collected revealed that majority of the respondents 48(40.0%) were within the ages of 25-35 years. Information on educational status showed that the highest educational qualification attained by majority (65.8%) was secondary school. Food habit profile of the respondent shows that breakfast was the most skipped meal (31.7%) followed by lunch (24.2%). Pastries, carbonated drinks, alcohol and fruits were consumed daily by 32(26.7%), 12(10%), 13 (10.8%) and 53 (44.2%) respectively and about 1/4 th (25.8%) of the respondents patronizes food vendor. BMI result showed that 29.2% of the respondents were obsessed, (out of which 37 were female and 8 males), 26.8% of the females were overweight, 18.3% had normal body weight and 2.8% were underweight. The result of waist-Hip-ratio (WHR) on figure 2 shows that 30% of the respondents had abdominal obesity out of which 29 were females and 7 males. The high prevalence of obesity and underweight found in this study underscores the need for effective nutrition education among the adult traders.
Effect of Some Physiological Factors on Citric Acid Production by Three Isolates of Aspergillus niger Using Sawdust Hydrolysis as a Carbon Source

Introduction: Citric acid (2-hydroxy-propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid) was first isolated from lemon juice in 1784. It is a primary metabolic product which is formed in the tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle. It is estimated that the market value of citric acid will exceed two billion dollars in 2019. About 70% of total citric acid produced globally is utilized in food industry, while about 12% is utilized in pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries and the remainder in other industrial purposes. The industrial production of citric acid is undertaken by fermentation process in the presence of filamentous fungi for large scale of production. Aspergillus niger is the most efficient fungus due to its ability to produce more citric acid per unit time and ferment different inexpensive raw materials. Materials and Methods: Three isolates of the fungus Aspergillus niger (An1, An2, An3) were used throughout this study using different carbon source concentration in the form of sawdust acid hydrolysis supplemented with different concentration of (NH4)2SO4 as a nitrogen source. The effect of hydrogen ion concentration and addition of methanol to the fermentation medium was also investigated. Results and Discussion: The results indicated that the optimization of carbon and nitrogen concentration had stimulating effect on citric acid production by the three used isolates. Moreover, addition of methanol at concentration of 1% at pH of 3.5 highly increased citric acid production. Conclusion: we concluded that the agriculture waste was a favorable substrate for the production of citric acid especially it is cost effective and easily obtainable.
A Prospective Observational Study of Drug Therapy Problems in Pediatric Ward of a Referral Hospital, Northeastern Ethiopia

Background A drug therapy problem is any undesirable event experienced by a patient during drug therapy that interferes with achieving the desired goals of therapy. It has been pointed out that hospitalized pediatric patients are particularly prone to drug-related problems. Identifying drug therapy problems enables risk quantification and determination of the potential impact of prevention strategies. The purpose of this study was to assess the drug therapy problems in a pediatric ward of Dessie Referral Hospital, northeast of Ethiopia, and to identify associated factors for drug therapy problems. Methods A prospective observational study design was carried out to assess drug therapy problems in a pediatric ward of Dessie Referral Hospital from February 1, 2018, to May 30, 2018. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was signed by each study participant's parent before the commencement of the study. All patients admitted to the ward during the study period were included in the study. Data was collected by trained pharmacy staffs through medical record reviews of patients using a prepared standard checklist and semistructured questionnaire. The collected data were cleared and checked every day for completeness and consistency before processing. Data were entered, and descriptive statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 20 Software. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results The participants' mean age was 2.32 years with the standard deviation (SD) of 0.76 years. Among 81 patients, 71 (87.7%) of them had at least one drug therapy problem per patient which indicates that the prevalence of the drug therapy problem was substantially high. Needs additional drug was the most predominantly encountered drug therapy problem accounted (30 (25.2%)). On the other hand, ineffective drug was the least (3 (2.5%)) drug therapy problem. Antibiotics (47 (39.5%)) followed by fluid and electrolyte (25 (21%)) were classes of drugs mostly involved in the drug therapy problem. The main risk factors reported to the occurrence of the drug therapy problems were prescribing and dose calculation errors. Conclusion The present study revealed that majority of the patients had at least one DTP per patient; this indicates that prevalence of DTP was very high in the study area. Needs additional drug therapy followed by noncompliance was the major cause of the occurrence of DTP. Antibiotics were the main class of drugs involved in the drug therapy problem, and among the risk factors assessed, prescribing and dose calculation errors showed statistical significance.
Management of infections with Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis as a complication of surgical procedures

Background: Atypical Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (MOTT) have emerged as significant human pathogens, causing post-surgical wound infections. The aim of this study is to assess the causative organisms of such infection and their treatment response.Methods: After matching the criteria, 28 cases, were taken for this prospective, single center, observational study. The diagnosis was confirmed by bacterial culture.Results: Among 28 patients, 16 were females (median age of 45.5 year). Patients had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n=13), laparoscopic appendicectomy (n=3), laparoscopic hernioplasty (n=2), open appendicectomy (n=2), open mesh hernioplasty (n=7), exploratory laparotomy (n=1). No major comorbidities or immunosuppression was identified. All patients were initially treated with repeated incision and drainage and started conventional antibiotics until culture and sensitivity report was available. All except one patient had culture confirmed MOTT infection. Combination antibiotics (clarithromycin, linezolid and ofloxacin) given for initial 3 months. 12 well responded within 3 months. 9 required additional few months to get complete cure. 4 patients cured after 6 months of treatment and 3 patients did not come for follow up.Conclusions: Delayed onset chronic wound infection by atypical mycobacteria is preventable. These organisms are not responsive to conventional antitubercular drugs but to specific drug regimens.
The Role of Labor Market Entry and Exports in Sorting: Evidence from West Germany∗

The sorting of high-wage workers to high-wage firms accounts for a substantial share of rising wage inequality. Yet, little is known about which worker flows most contribute to sorting or what economic mechanisms have lead to its rise. I make three contributions toward answering these questions. First, to understand how sorting intensifies, I develop a novel decomposition method to measure the relative importance of different worker flow channels. I find that labor market entry of young workers is the dominant sorting channel–accounting for about half of the total rise in sorting–while job-to-job transitions play a more limited role. Second, to understand why sorting is rising, I use exogenous variation in West German trade exposure to estimate the effect of trade liberalization on changes in sorting within local labor markets. Export exposure produces a large, positive effect on sorting and can account for 14% of the total rise in sorting between 1985 and 2009. Third, I apply the worker flow decomposition method to exogenous, export-induced changes in employment. Holding worker composition constant, I confirm that labor market entrants account for about half of rising sorting. ∗I am grateful to Till von Wachter for extensive guidance and support. I am also grateful to Nicholas Bloom, David Card, Fatih Guvenen, Pablo Fajgelbaum, Adriana Lleras-Muney, Matt Notowidigdo, and Todd Schoellman for valuable comments, as well as seminar participants at the Federal Trade Commission, the Minneapolis Fed, the Urban Economics Association Annual Meeting, and UCLA. Special thanks as well to Ioannis Kospentaris and Richard Domurat for comprehensive discussions of the paper and to Ana Ramirez for outstanding administrative support. †Federal Trade Commission. Email: bsmith3@ftc.gov. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Trade Commission.
Taxing the ghosts: The public finance effects of curbing tax evasion*

This paper studies the public finance effects of fighting tax evasion. It focuses on the “Ghost Buildings” program: an anti-tax evasion policy carried out in Italy that detected more than 2 million of buildings not included in the land registry and thus hidden from tax authorities. The empirical strategy exploits cross-municipality variation in ghost buildings intensity and the staggered introduction of the program to implement a difference-in-differences analysis. Three main results are presented. First, a 1 standard deviation increase in municipality-level program intensity raises tax revenues by 2.3 percent: this corresponds to around four-fifth of the projected mechanical increase. Second, politicians increase local public goods provision, in particular for financing school facilities and, to a lower extent, security. Third, policy makers exploit the broader and more enforced tax base to raise the progressivity of local taxes on income and property. As a result of these policies, within-municipality inequality is gradually shrinking.
Role of IL-22 in Crohn's Disease Protein in Hepatocytes: A Potential Systemic IL-22 Induces Lipopolysaccharide-Binding

SabatSterry, Hans-Dieter Volk, Bianca Maria Wittig and RobertDoecke, Stefanie Endesfelder, Khusru Asadullah, Wolfram Kerstin Wolk, Ellen Witte, Ute Hoffmann, Wolf-Dietrichhttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/178/9/5973J Immunol€2007; 178:5973-5981; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/178/9/5973.full#ref-list-1This article cites 49 articles, 19 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai. org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:
Self-assembly of alkyl chains of fatty acids in papermaking systems: A review of related pitch issues, hydrophobic sizing, and pH effects

This review article considers the role of fatty acids and the mutual association of their long-chain (e.g. C18) alkyl and alkenyl groups in some important aspects of papermaking. In particular, published findings suggest that interactions involving fatty acids present as condensed monolayer films can play a controlling role in pitch deposition problems. Self-association among the tails of fatty acids and their soaps also helps to explain some puzzling aspects of hydrophobic sizing of paper. When fatty acids and their soaps are present as monolayers in papermaking systems, the pH values associated with their dissociation, i.e. their pKa values, tend to be strongly shifted. Mutual association also appears to favor non-equilibrium multilayer structures that are tacky and insoluble, possibly serving as a nucleus for deposition of wood extractives, such, as resins and triglyceride fats, in pulp and paper systems.
Serum Iron, Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium Concentrations and Their Effects on Hemato-immune Dynamics in Diseased Camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Citation: Hany Y Hassan. , et al. “Serum Iron, Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium Concentrations and Their Effects on Hemato-immune Dynamics in Diseased Camels (Camelus dromedarius)”. EC Veterinary Science 4.10 (2019): 01-11. *Corresponding Author: Hany Y Hassan, Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (Animal Internal Medicine). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt.
Are Patents Endogenous or Exogenous to Startup Financing?∗

We study the role of patents as signals sent by technology startups to external investors to convey information about the quality of their inventions. We provide a theoretical model of patents as a productive signal sent by startup founders to a continuum of external investors who differ in the amount of capital they can provide to the startup. This allows us to examine the optimal match of different types of startups, as defined by the quality of their technology, to external investors who differ in the amount of capital they can provide. To test the model we use a novel dataset of Israeli startups that received external funding during the period 19902011. The analysis provides strong support to our view that patents are used strategically by startups to attract new investors. Moreover, it provides evidence that startups with better technologies affiliate with investors who can add high value to the startup. Preliminary: Please do not cite or quote without permission. ∗We are indebted to William Kerr, Pierre Regibeau, Mark Schankerman, and participants at the Conference on Patents, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship in Washington D. C. , May 2012. We also thank Haim Abramovich, Orna Berry, Shlomo Caine, Uri Gabai, Gad Levi, Shlomo Maital, Ayla Matalon, Ed Mlavsky, Mira Peled, Maura Rosenfeld, Eduardo Shoval, Yossi Smoller, Einat Spivak, Manuel Trajtenberg, Daniel Wasserteil, and Yuval Weiss. The views expressed herein are those of the authors. †Scheller College of Business, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA 30308, Atlanta, USA, annamaria.conti@mgt.gatech. edu ‡Scheller College of Business, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA 30308, Atlanta, USA, jerry.thursby@mgt.gatech. edu §Scheller College of Business, Georgia Institute of Technology, and NBER marie.thursby@mgt.gatech. edu