Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DO TEOR DE PROTEÍNA BRUTA DE PASTAGEM CONSORCIADA SUBMETIDA A DIFERENTES FONTES DE ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA

O deficit de produtividade das pastagens relaciona-se ao manejo inadequado da fertilidade do solo. A ferramenta de adubacao quimica do solo, principalmente os adubos nitrogenados aumentam a produtividade, a qualidade das especies forrageiras e o teor de proteina bruta (PB) da forragem. O presente trabalho objetiva avaliar o teor de PB de pastagens consorciadas (milho e Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu), cultivadas sob diferentes fontes de adubacao nitrogenada. O experimento foi implantado em blocos casualizados com 2 repeticoes, totalizando 20 parcelas experimentais. O tamanho de cada parcela foi 3,5 x 2m. Os tratamentos foram: milho + Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (testemunha - T1), milho + Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu + 70 kg ha-1 ureia (T2), milho + Brachiaria brizantha + 70 kg ha1 sulfato de amonio (T3), milho + Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu + 70 kg ha-1 nitrocalcio (T4), milho + Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu + 140 kg ha-1 ureia (T5), milho + Brachiaria brizantha + 140 kg ha-1 sulfato de amonio (T6), milho + Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu + 140 kg ha-1 nitrocalcio (T7), milho + Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu + 280 kg ha-1 ureia (T8), milho + Brachiaria brizantha + 280 kg ha-1 sulfato de amonio (T9), milho + Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu + 280 kg ha-1 nitrocalcio (T10). As amostras foram submetidas a analise bromatologica. Os tratamentos que proporcionaram um maior teor de PB em ordem decrescente foram o T4 > T3 > T2 e o tratamento que apresentou menor teor de PB foi o T1 (testemunha), esta sem adicao de fertilizante. A adicao de fertilizantes nitrogenados contribui para elevar o teor de PB de pastagens consorciadas.
Chemical dynamics from the gas‐phase to surfaces

: The field of gas-phase chemical dynamics has developed superb experimental methods to probe the detailed outcome of gas-phase chemical reactions. These experiments inspired and benchmarked first principles dynamics simulations giving access to an atomic scale picture of the motions that underlie these reactions. This fruitful interplay of experiment and theory is the essence of a dynamical approach per-fectedongas-phasereactions,theculminationofwhichisastandardmodelofchemical reactivity involving classical trajectories or quantum wave packets moving on a Born– Oppenheimer potential energy surface. Extending the dynamical approach to chemical reactions at surfaces presents challenges of complexity not found in gas-phase study as reactive processes often involve multiple steps, such as inelastic molecule-surface scattering and dissipation, leading to adsorption and subsequent thermal desorption and or bond breaking and making. This paper reviews progress toward understanding the elementary processes involved in surface chemistry using the dynamical approach.
Governing by Enabling in Multilevel Systems: Capacity Building and Local Climate Action in the European Union

This article investigates whether, how and under what conditions European Union (EU) capacity-building programmes actually contribute to improving the action capacity of target actors in view of common policy objectives. The empirical analysis focuses on the European Local Energy Assistance (ELENA) technical facility that aims to enhance local authorities ’ project development and management capacities in the ﬁ eld of renewables and energy ef ﬁ ciency. Our ﬁ ndings show that favourable contextual conditions and the actual functional demand for more capacities cannot explain the implementation dynamics of this programme across EU countries. Conversely, the availability of basic starting resources or the ability to draw from EU funds emerge as key factors behind these dynamics. Evidence is provided demonstrating that the effectiveness of such programmes can be hampered by a persistent capacity trap if barriers to their implementation are not carefully considered in advance.
Synthesis, Characterization, and DFT Studies of N-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)stearamide

The novel N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)stearamide 3 was prepared in moderate yield by a solventless direct amidation reaction of stearic acid 1 with 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine 2 at 140 °C for 24 h under metal- and catalyst-free conditions. This practical method was conducted in air without any special treatment or activation. The fatty acid amide 3 was fully characterized by IR, UV–Vis, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Moreover, molecular electrostatic potential studies, determination of quantum descriptors, fundamental vibrational frequencies, and intensity of vibrational bands were computed by density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP method with 6-311+G(d,p) basis set in gas phase. Simulation of the infrared spectrum using the results of these calculations led to good agreement with the observed spectral patterns.
Sources of Uncertainty in Greenland Surface Mass Balance in the 21st century

Abstract. The surface mass balance (SMB) of the Greenland Ice Sheet is subject to considerable uncertainties that complicate predictions of sea level rise caused by climate change. We examine the SMB of the Greenland Ice Sheet in the 21st century with the surface energy and mass balance model BESSI. To estimate the uncertainty of the SMB, we conduct simulations for four greenhouse gas emission scenarios using the output of a wide range of climate models from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to force BESSI. In addition, the uncertainty of the SMB simulation is estimated by using 16 different parameter sets in our SMB model. The median SMB across climate models and parameter sets, integrated over the ice sheet, decreases over time for every emission scenario. As expected, the decrease in SMB is stronger for higher greenhouse gas emissions. The regional distribution of the resulting SMB shows the most substantial SMB decrease in western Greenland for all climate models, whereas the differences between the climate models are most pronounced in the north and in the area around the equilibrium line. Temperature and precipitation are the input variables of the snow model that have the largest influence on the SMB and the largest differences between climate models. In our ensemble, the range of uncertainty in the SMB is greater than in other studies that used fewer climate models as forcing. An analysis of the different sources of uncertainty shows that the uncertainty caused by the different climate models for a given scenario is larger than the uncertainty caused by the climate scenarios. In comparison, the uncertainty caused by the snow model parameters is negligible, leaving the uncertainty of the climate models as the main reason for SMB uncertainty.
Investigation on Cultural Characterization and Parasexual Recombination in Pyricularia Grisea, Causal Agent of Blast of Rice

Blast of rice caused by Pyricularia grisea is one of the most devastating diseases of rice. Because of importance of the disease and the fact that pyricularia grisea is considered to be notorious and model species. The variability in cultural characteristics of fifty isolates of P. grisea were taken from different regions of Jharkhand state. Out of fifty isolates of P. grisea, colony color of six isolates were found to be as greyish white color, three isolates were blackish grey, six isolates as white color, three isolates as whitish grey color, five isolates were whitish black and twenty seven isolates were recorded as blackish white in color. The growth pattern of 47 isolates of P. grisea showed circular growth pattern and three isolates have irregular growth pattern but elevation of the mycelium differs from flat to raised. Out of fifty isolates of P. grisea, sector formation was observed in seventeen isolates and no sector formation was observed in rest isolates. The radial growth of fifty isolates of P. grisea were ranged from 76.0 mm to 90.0 mm. Out of fifty isolates, group I included six isolates, group II and III included eleven and thirty three isolates, respectively. Parasexual recombination rarely causes genetic and phenotypic variation through hyphal anastomosis in India. Parasexual recombination is the principle cause in rice blast fungus and cause infection of resistant rice variety (IR-64) in India .
Ultrastructural and morphometric description of the ear skin and cartilage of two South American wild histricognate rodents (Dasyprocta leporina and Galea spixii)

ABSTRACT: Skin and cartilage have been the main source for the recovery of somatic cells to be used in conservation strategies in wild mammals. In this sense, an important step for the cryopreservation of these samples is to recognize the properties of the skin and cartilage. Thus, knowing that the skin may differ among species and aiming to contribute to the establishment of cryobanks, the study examined the differences in the ear skin and cartilage of wild rodents from South America, agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) and spix’s yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii). Ultrastructural and quantitative methods were used to measure skin and cartilage thickness, density of collagen and elastic fibers, cell type number and distribution, and proliferative activity. Although ultrastructural analysis revealed a similar pattern between species, morphometric analysis of the skin and cartilage showed differences between agoutis and cavies regarding thickness of epidermis layers (corneum: 5.3±2.5μm vs. 3.9±0.6μm; intermediate: 16.4±6.2μm vs. 23.4±8.1μm; basal: 9.9±2.1μm vs. 4.8±0.5μm), dermis (183.1±44.0μm vs. 258.2±22.9μm), total skin (211.8±46.0μm vs. 290.3±23.7μm) and perichondrium (27.6±6.1μm vs. 10.5±1.8μm). A greater number of epidermal cells (61.7±15.2 vs. 24.8±7.6) and chondrocytes (32.7±9.0 vs. 27.5±4.7) were observed in agouti, while the cavy presented a greater number of melanocytes (12.6±4.7 vs. 29.9±6.2), keratinocytes (14.7±4.2 vs. 29.8±7.6), and fibroblasts (103.6±24.7 vs. 112.2±11.3). Moreover, a higher percentage of collagen fibers and proliferative activity was observed in the skin of cavies, when compared to the skin of agoutis. Therefore, there are differences between agouti and cavy for ear skin and cartilage, requiring the establishment of species-specific cryopreservation protocols.
Compression Analysis Using Coiflets, Haar Wavelet, and SVD Methods

The image problem lies in the amount of storage space required, to save memory as little as possible image compression is required. The image compression technique is a technique used to represent an image by reducing the quality of the original image but still retaining the information inside. This study compares the best compression method between Coiflets, Haar wavelets, and SVD with JPG image material. The comparison process has done by calculating the compression ratio (CR), Space Saving (SS), Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). The results obtained prove that the SVD method has the highest compression ratio of 3.25 while in the case of Space Saving (SS) the Coiflets method gives the best performance with a value of 73. Measurement in terms of MSE and RMSE is the best for the Coiflets method because it has an average value. -The smallest average among all methods is 0.02395 and 0.111383. provides the best performance in maintaining compression quality. The best PSNR based image quality assessment is the Coiflets method with the highest PSNR average of 63.02 dB. Overall, the Coiflets, Haar wavelet, and SVD compression methods used for JPG images can reduce file size and preserve image information and quality.
“We Say ‘Mothers’ But Mean ‘Parents’”: Qualitative Perceptions and Experiences With Father Absence Among Curaçaoan, Curaçaoan-Dutch, and Dutch Young People

Perceptions and experiences with biological father absence might vary depending on the extent to which father absence constitutes a common family form, like it does in many Caribbean countries. The goal of this qualitative study was to better understand what it means to grow up without a father for Curaçaoan (n = 19; 15–24 years), Curaçaoan-Dutch (n = 15; 14–29 years), and Dutch (n = 16; 16–26 years) young men and women. Findings from thematic analyses of ethically approved in-depth interviews revealed that most interviewees from all three cultural groups perceived no bond with and upbringing from their absent father. The interviewees noted emotional pain, but also mentioned that (m)others compensated for their father’s absence. Dutch interviewees were more negative about their absent father, and both Dutch and Curaçaoan-Dutch interviewees experienced more difficulties with respect to their father’s absence compared with Curaçaoan interviewees. Studying the similarities and differences between perceptions and experiences with father absence enriches our knowledge of what it means to grow up without a father. Doing so from young people’s point of view and across cultures has important practical value by providing a fuller understanding of the meaning of father absence for young people across cultures.
Analysis of Dual-Band Direction of Arrival Estimation in Multipath Scenarios

The present paper analyzes the performance of localization systems, based on dual-band Direction of Arrival (DoA) approach, in multi-path affected scenarios. The implemented DoA estimation, which belongs to the so-called Space and Frequency Division Multiple Access (SFDMA) technique, takes advantage of the use of two uncorrelated communication carrier frequencies, as already demonstrated by the authors. Starting from these results, this paper provides, first, the methodology followed to describe the localization system in the proposed simulation environment, and, as a second step, describes how multi-path effects may be taken into account through a set of full-wave simulations. The latter follows an approach based on the two-ray model. The validation of the proposed approach is demonstrated by simulations over a wide range of virtual scenarios. The analysis of the results highlights the ability of the proposed approach to describe multi-path effects and confirms enhancements in DoA estimation as experimentally evaluated by the same authors. To further assess the performance of the aforementioned simulation environment, a comparison between simulated and measured results was carried out, confirming the capability to predict DoA performance.
Safety and Effectiveness of Micafungin in Neonates: A Retrospective Analytical Study from a Tertiary Pediatric Center

Background: The incidence of invasive fungal infections in neonatal intensive care units has increased dramatically over the past few decades, partly due to the increased survival rates of preterm neonates. Currently, there are limited studies concerning the usage of Micafungin in neonates. Aim of work: The objective of this study was to review our experience with Micafungin regarding its efficiency and side effects. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective analytical study, neonates who received micafungin for possible or proven invasive Candida infection between July 2017 and February 2020 were included. The time to achieve negative culture, the 14 days survival of the patients and the liver and renal functions as well as blood counts were recorded. Results: Thirty neonates with a median birth weight of 2125 grams were included. All of them were effectively treated with micafungin. Median serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine levels did not increase during and at the end of micafungin therapy. None of these patients had experienced an abnormal kidney or liver function tests due to Micafungin usage with serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine levels before an after micafungin treatment: 28 IU (13-257) vs 37 IU (18-89), p=0.86; 14 IU (6-180) vs 16 IU (6-50), p=0.74; 0.5 mg/dl (0.3-3.4) vs 0.5 mg/dl (0.4-2.1), p=0.42, respectively. Conclusion: Micafungin is a safe and effective treatment choice both in the treatment of neonatal culture proven or probable invasive candida infections in both term and preterm neonates.
Progressive Spatial–Spectral Joint Network for Hyperspectral Image Reconstruction

Hyperspectral (HS) images are widely used to identify and characterize objects in a scene of interest with high acquisition costs and low spatial resolution. It is an inexpensive way to obtain high-spatial-resolution HS images (HSIs) by spectral reconstruction from high-spatial-resolution multispectral (MS) images. In this article, we proposed a progressive spatial–spectral joint network (PSJN) to reconstruct HSIs from MS images. PSJN is composed of a 2-D spatial feature extraction module, a 3-D progressive spatial–spectral feature construction module, and a spectral postprocessing module. PSJN makes full use of the shallow spatial features extracted by the 2-D spatial feature extraction module with the spatial–spectral features extracted by the 3-D progressive spatial–spectral feature construction module. The 3-D progressive spatial–spectral feature construction module is designed to extract spatial–spectral information from local spectra in local space and construct spectral information from a few bands to a lot of bands in a pyramidal structure. Besides, a network updating mechanism is proposed to improve the spectral reconstruction effect of the images with poor original spectral reconstruction effect. The experimental results on three HS–MS datasets and one MS dataset demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods. Compared with the most advanced spectral reconstruction methods based on dictionary learning and deep learning, our method achieves the best performance of the latest methods in similarity evaluation and classification performance evaluation.
METABOLIC PROFILING, IN SILICO DOCKING AND ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS FROM Phyllanthus muellerianus LEAVES

Global increase in the level of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens has prompted the search for alternative treatment from medicinal plants. Phyllanthus muellerianus (PM) leaves has been used traditionally against microorganisms of medical importance, hence the need to evaluate the pharmacological pathways and mode of actions using in vitro and in silico approaches. Clinical isolates of eight (8) microorganisms associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) were obtained and identified using morphological and biochemical methods. Phyllanthus muellerianus (PM) leaves were extracted and purified by solvent partitioning. Ethyl acetate fraction of PM had the highest yield and zone diameter range from 13.5±1.00mm to 28±1.53mm. The rate of protein leakage per time interval of Staphylococcus aureus increased from 9.29 μg/ml at 0 minute to 17.43 μg/ml at 120 minutes while leakage in Candida albicans also increased from 8.57 μg/ml at 0 minute to 70.43 μg/ml at 120 minutes. GCMS fingerprints, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic studies revealed the active agent as quindoline, an azaindoles and isoteres of indoles having a binding energy of -9.1 kcal/mol. Analyses of the structural and atomic orientations of quindoline, and superimposition on ciprofloxacin, a common antibiotic revealed an interesting comparison, effecting a stronger binding affinity of Quindoline-HMG-CoA complex.
How perceptions and information about women’s descriptive representation affect support for positive action measures

Based on the German Longitudinal Election Study (2016), we explain citizens’ support for measures to increase women’s descriptive representation in parliament. Despite women’s underrepresentation, we find little support for positive action measures, and in particular for legal gender quotas. Binary logit analyses show that support for the introduction of positive action measures is not affected by citizens’ perceptions about the share of female members of parliament. However, experimental data reveal that receiving information about women’s actual proportion in parliament has an impact on citizens’ support for gender quotas, in particular among those who overestimate women’s representation. Once they learn that the actual share is lower than they thought, they are more likely to support the introduction of quotas. This indicates that support for positive action measures can be changed through providing the correct information.
A Long and a Short Leg Make For a Wobbly Equilibrium

We provide evidence that the online discussion on the WSB subreddit had a substantial negative impact on the profitability of shorting strategies across a number of stocks — even those that were neither heavily discussed on the subreddit, nor experienced an unusual increase in retail buying volume. We provide a model to explain how fears among short sellers can become self-fulfilling. In the model, the market for shares and the lending market must clear jointly. Despite standard assumptions, the model features multiple equilibria and "run-type'' behavior by shorting agents. More broadly, the model provides a tractable framework to interpret several empirical observations on the relation between short interest, lending fees, and expected returns.
Review of the effectiveness of smallholder farmers’ adaptation to climate change and variability in developing countries

The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of adaptation. We reviewed and thematically synthesized 42 household-level studies published from 2000–2019 to explain how multiple processes interact to affect the effectiveness of adaptation. The findings show the positive impacts of adaptation in increasing crop yields and income, improving food security, and enhancing environmental protection. Not all adaptation strategies are effective, due partly to differences in sensitivity to climate problems, access to livelihood assets, diversification of adaptation strategies, and flexibility and cultural relevance of institutional support. For households with lower adaptive capacity, limited adaptation choices and reliance on climate-sensitive strategies fail to unshackle them from cyclical vulnerability. Improving adaptive capacity and facilitating diversified adaptation strategies are important to address the livelihood challenges of smallholder farmers. Understanding the complexities underlying the effectiveness of adaptation necessitates evaluation focusing on multidimensional livelihood outcomes to disentangle implications for sustainable livelihoods and socio-ecological resilience.