Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cosmic Web and galaxy evolution around the most luminous X-ray cluster: RX J1347.5−1145

In this paper we study large-scale structures and their galaxy content around the most X-ray luminous cluster known, RX J1347.5−1145 at z= 0.45. We make use of u*g′r′i′z′ Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) MegaCam photometry together with VIsible MultiObject Spectrograph (VIMOS) Very Large Telescope (VLT) spectroscopy to identify structures around RX J1347 on a scale of ∼20 × 20 Mpc2. We construct maps of the galaxy distribution and the fraction of blue galaxies. We study the photometric galaxy properties as a function of the environment traced by the galaxy density. We identify group candidates based on galaxy overdensities and study their galaxy content. We also use available Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) near-ultraviolet imaging to identify strong unobscured star-forming galaxies. We find that the large-scale structure around RX J1347 extends in the north-east–south-west direction for at least 20 Mpc, over a region in which most of the group candidates are located, some of which show X-ray emission in archival XMM–Newton observations. As in other studies, we find that the fraction of blue galaxies (Fblue) is a function of galaxy number density, but the bulk of the trend is due to galaxies belonging to massive systems. The fraction of ultraviolet- (UV-) bright galaxies is also a function of environment, but their relative number compared with the blue population seems to be constant regardless of the environment. These UV emitters also have similar properties at all galaxy densities, indicating that the transition between galaxy types occurs over short time-scales. Candidate galaxy groups show a large variation in their galaxy content and Fblue in those groups displays little dependence on galaxy number density. This may indicate possible differences in their evolutionary status, or suggest that the processes acting in groups are different from those in clusters. The large-scale structure around rich clusters provides a dynamic environment for galaxy evolution. In the case of RX J1347, the transformation may start within infalling groups and finish with the removal of the cold gas once galaxies are accreted into massive systems.
Gravitational Interaction of Quantum Level and Consequences Thereof

Parity no conservation in the -decay processes is considered as fundamental property of weak interactions. Nevertheless, this property can be treated as anomaly, because in fundamental interactions of the rest types parity is conserved. Analogously, anomaly in the short-duration strongcurrent pulse discharges is well known. The essence of this phenomenon consists in generation of local high-temperature plasma formations with the typical values of its thermo dynamical parameters exceeding those related to the central section of a discharge. In this paper, an attempt is undertaken to treat these anomalies as manifestation of fundamental properties of gravitational emission. Some consequences of this assumption can be tested in the -decay experiments as well as in the experiments with short-duration z-pinch-type pulse discharges.
NITROGEN ISOTOPES IN ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH CARBON STARS AND PRESOLAR SiC GRAINS: A CHALLENGE FOR STELLAR NUCLEOSYNTHESIS

Isotopic ratios of C, N, Si, and trace heavy elements in presolar SiC grains from meteorites provide crucial constraints to nucleosynthesis. A long-debated issue is the origin of the so-called A+B grains, as of yet no stellar progenitor thus far has been clearly identified on observational grounds. We report the first spectroscopic measurements of 14N/15N ratios in Galactic carbon stars of different spectral types and show that J- and some SC-type stars might produce A+B grains, even for 15N enrichments previously attributed to novae. We also show that most mainstream grains are compatible with the composition of N-type stars, but in some cases might also descend from SC stars. From a theoretical point of view, no astrophysical scenario can explain the C and N isotopic ratios of SC-, J-, and N-type carbon stars together, as well as those of many grains produced by them. This poses urgent questions to stellar physics.
Non-Targeted Serum Lipidomics Analysis and Potential Biomarkers of Laryngeal Cancer Based on UHPLC-QTOF-MS

Laryngeal cancer is a common head and neck malignant cancer type. However, effective biomarkers for diagnosis are lacking and pathogenesis is unclear. Lipidomics is a powerful tool for identifying biomarkers and explaining disease mechanisms. Hence, in this study, non-targeted lipidomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight–mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) were applied to screen the differential lipid metabolites in serum and allowed for exploration of the remodeled lipid metabolism of laryngeal cancer, laryngeal benign tumor patients, and healthy crowds. Multivariate analysis and univariate analysis were combined to screen for differential lipid metabolites among the three groups. The results showed that, across a total of 57 lipid metabolic markers that were screened, the regulation of the lipid metabolism network occurred mainly in phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and sphingomyelin (SM) metabolism. Of note, the concentration levels of sphingolipids 42:2 (SM 42:2) and sphingolipids 42:3 (SM 42:3) correlated with laryngeal cancer progression and were both significantly different among the three groups. Both of them could be considered as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and indicators for monitoring the progression of laryngeal cancer. From the perspective of lipidomics, this study not only revealed the regulatory changes in the lipid metabolism network, but also provided a new possibility for screening biomarkers in laryngeal cancer.
ON THE ROLE OF AMBIENT ENVIRONMENTS IN THE COLLAPSE OF BONNOR–EBERT SPHERES

We consider the interaction between a marginally stable Bonnor–Ebert (BE) sphere and the surrounding ambient medium. In particular, we explore how the infall from an evolving ambient medium can trigger the collapse of the sphere using three-dimensional adaptive mesh refinement simulations. We find the resulting collapse dynamics to vary considerably with ambient density. In the highest ambient density cases, infalling material drives a strong compression wave into the cloud. It is the propagation of this wave through the cloud interior that triggers the subsequent collapse. For lower ambient densities, we find the main trigger of collapse to be a quasistatic adjustment of the BE sphere to gravitational settling of the ambient gas. In all cases, we find that the classic “outside-in” collapse mode for super-critical BE spheres is recovered before a protostar (i.e., sink particle) forms. Our work supports scenarios in which BE dynamics naturally begins with either a compression wave or infall dominated phase, and only later assumes the usual outside-in collapse behavior.
Fermi gas throughout the BCS-BEC crossover: Comparative study of 
t
-matrix approaches with various degrees of self-consistency

The diagrammatic t-matrix approximation has often been adopted to describe a dilute Fermi gas. This approximation, originally considered by Galitskii for a repulsive inter-particle interaction (Galitskii-1958), has later been widely utilized for an attractive Fermi gas to describe the BCS-BEC crossover from strongly overlapping Cooper pairs in weak coupling to non-overlapping composite bosons in strong coupling. Several variants of the $t$-matrix approximation have been considered in the literature, which are distinguished by the degree of self-consistency allowed in the building blocks of the diagrammatic structure. Here, we perform a systematic and comparative study of all possible variants on the degree of self-consistency for the $t$-matrix approximation in an attractive Fermi gas, which enables us to confront their outcomes for thermodynamic and dynamical quantities on the same footing in an unbiased way. For definiteness, only the normal phase above the superfluid critical temperature is considered. The dispute that can be raised in this context, about the adequateness of introducing progressive degrees of self-consistency over and above the non-self-consistent $t$-matrix approximation for an attractive Fermi gas, parallels the recent interest in the literature on assessing the importance of various degrees of self-consistency in the context of semiconductors and insulators.
Systematic review of randomised controlled trials on interventions aimed at promoting colorectal cancer screening amongst ethnic minorities

ABSTRACT Objectives Significant disparities exist between different ethnic groups when it comes to participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes. A variety of interventions have been proposed to improve participation rates of ethnic minorities for CRC screening. This systematic review aims to appraise the evidence available from published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and to identify effective interventions aimed at promoting CRC screening amongst underserved ethnic minorities. Design We searched EmBASE, Medline, PsychInfo, Scopus and CINAHL for RCTs that analysed interventions to promote CRC screening in all ethnic minorities. CRC screening was measured as documented or self-reported screening rates. The protocol of this study was registered prospectively on PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42020216384. Results We identified 42 relevant RCT articles, out of 1805 articles highlighted by the initial search. All except one were conducted in the US. The most frequently studied ethnic groups were African-Americans (33%), East Asians (30%), and Hispanics/Latinos (23%). In total, 7/42 (16%) RCTs had multiple arms. Interventions mainly intended to educate (52%), provide patient navigation services (21%), or provide a combination of these interventions (19%). We demonstrate that combination methods are most effective. Conclusion Many RCTs, mostly in the US, have trialed interventions aimed to increase CRC screening uptake amongst ethnic minorities to varying success. We conclude that using a combination of methods with patient navigation, education, and cultural tailoring is most effective at increasing CRC screening uptake amongst ethnic minorities. This highlights that multiple factors may hinder CRC screening and finding a one-size-fits-all solution that can be reliably implemented among different cultures and countries may be complex.
ALMA Investigation of Vibrationally Excited HCN/HCO+/HNC Emission Lines in the AGN-Hosting Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy IRAS 20551-4250

We present the results of ALMA Cycle 2 observations of the ultraluminous infrared galaxy, IRAS 20551-4250, at HCN/HCO+/HNC J=3-2 lines at both vibrational-ground (v=0) and vibrationally excited (v2=1) levels. This galaxy contains a luminous buried active galactic nucleus (AGN), in addition to starburst activity, and our ALMA Cycle 0 data revealed a tentatively detected vibrationally excited HCN v2=1f J=4-3 emission line. In our ALMA Cycle 2 data, the HCN/HCO+/HNC J=3-2 emission lines at v=0 are clearly detected. The HCN and HNC v2=1f J=3-2 emission lines are also detected, but the HCO+ v2=1f J=3-2 emission line is not. Given the high-energy level of v2=1 and the resulting difficulty of collisional excitation, we compared these results with those of the calculation of infrared radiative pumping, using the available infrared 5-35 micron spectrum. We found that all of the observational results were reproduced, if the HCN abundance was significantly higher than that of HCO+ and HNC. The flux ratio and excitation temperature between v2=1f and v=0, after correction for possible line opacity, suggests that infrared radiative pumping affects rotational (J-level) excitation at v=0 at least for HCN and HNC. The HCN-to-HCO+ v=0 flux ratio is higher than those of starburst-dominated regions, and will increase even more when thederived high HCN opacity is corrected. The enhanced HCN-to-HCO+ flux ratio in this AGN-hosting galaxy can be explained by the high HCN-to-HCO+ abundance ratio and sufficient HCN excitation at up to J=4, rather than the significantly higher efficiency of infrared radiative pumping for HCN than HCO+.
Marcus versus Stratonovich for systems with jump noise

The famous Itô–Stratonovich dilemma arises when one examines a dynamical system with a multiplicative white noise. In physics literature, this dilemma is often resolved in favour of the Stratonovich prescription because of its two characteristic properties valid for systems driven by Brownian motion: (i) it allows physicists to treat stochastic integrals in the same way as conventional integrals, and (ii) it appears naturally as a result of a small correlation time limit procedure. On the other hand, the Marcus prescription (IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 24 164 (1978); Stochastics 4 223 (1981)) should be used to retain (i) and (ii) for systems driven by a Poisson process, Lévy flights or more general jump processes. In present communication we present an in-depth comparison of the Itô, Stratonovich and Marcus equations for systems with multiplicative jump noise. By the examples of a real-valued linear system and a complex oscillator with noisy frequency (the Kubo–Anderson oscillator) we compare solutions obtained with the three prescriptions.
The First Empirical Determination of the Fe10+ and Fe13+ Freeze-in Distances in the Solar Corona

Heavy ions are markers of the physical processes responsible for the density and temperature distribution throughout the fine-scale magnetic structures that define the shape of the solar corona. One of their properties, whose empirical determination has remained elusive, is the “freeze-in” distance (Rf) where they reach fixed ionization states that are adhered to during their expansion with the solar wind. We present the first empirical inference of Rf for and derived from multi-wavelength imaging observations of the corresponding Fe xi ( ) 789.2 nm and Fe xiv ( ) 530.3 nm emission acquired during the 2015 March 20 total solar eclipse. We find that the two ions freeze-in at different heliocentric distances. In polar coronal holes (CHs) Rf is around 1.45 R⊙ for and below 1.25 R⊙ for . Along open field lines in streamer regions, Rf ranges from 1.4 to 2 R⊙ for and from 1.5 to 2.2 R⊙ for . These first empirical Rf values: (1) reflect the differing plasma parameters between CHs and streamers and structures within them, including prominences and coronal mass ejections; (2) are well below the currently quoted values derived from empirical model studies; and (3) place doubt on the reliability of plasma diagnostics based on the assumption of ionization equilibrium beyond 1.2 R⊙.
CONSTRAINING DUST AND COLOR VARIATIONS OF HIGH-z SNe USING NICMOS ON THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE

We present data from the Supernova Cosmology Project for five high redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that were obtained using the NICMOS infrared camera on the Hubble Space Telescope. We add two SNe from this sample to a rest-frame I-band Hubble diagram, doubling the number of high redshift supernovae on this diagram. This I-band Hubble diagram is consistent with a flat universe (ΩM, ΩΛ) = (0.29, 0.71). A homogeneous distribution of large grain dust in the intergalactic medium (replenishing dust) is incompatible with the data and is excluded at the 5σ confidence level, if the SN host galaxy reddening is corrected assuming RV = 1.75. We use both optical and infrared observations to compare photometric properties of distant SNe Ia with those of nearby objects. We find generally good agreement with the expected color evolution for all SNe except the highest redshift SN in our sample (SN 1997ek at z = 0.863) which shows a peculiar color behavior. We also present spectra obtained from ground-based telescopes for type identification and determination of redshift.
ARPES experiment in fermiology of quasi-2D metals (Review Article)

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) enables direct observation of the Fermi surface and underlying electronic structure of crystals, which are the basic concepts necessary to describe all the electronic properties of solids and to reveal the nature of key electronic interactions involved. ARPES proved to be the most efficient for studies of quasi-2D metals, to which the most challenging and hence exciting compounds belong. This stimulated tremendously the development of ARPES in the recent years. The aim of this paper is to introduce the reader to the state-of-the-art ARPES experiment and to review the results of its application to such highly topical problems in solid state physics as high temperature superconductivity in cuprates and iron-based superconductors and electronic ordering in the transition metal dichalcogenides and manganites.
Scattering of dark matter and dark energy

We demonstrate how the two dominant constituents of the Universe, dark energy and dark matter, could possess a large scattering cross section without considerably impacting observations. Unlike interacting models which invoke energy exchange between the two fluids, the background cosmology remains unaltered, leaving fewer observational signatures. Following a brief review of the scattering cross sections between cosmologically significant particles, we explore the implications of an elastic interaction between dark matter and dark energy. The growth of large scale structure is suppressed, yet this effect is found to be weak due to the persistently low dark energy density. Thus we conclude that the dark matter-dark energy cross section may exceed the Thomson cross section by several orders of magnitude.
The Readiness Potential Correlates with Action-Linked Modulation of Visual Accuracy

Abstract Visual accuracy is consistently shown to be modulated around the time of the action execution. The neural underpinning of this motor-induced modulation of visual perception is still unclear. Here, we investigate with EEG whether it is related to the readiness potential, an event-related potential (ERP) linked to motor preparation. Across 18 human participants, the magnitude of visual modulation following a voluntary button press was found to correlate with the readiness potential amplitude measured during visual discrimination. Participants’ amplitude of the readiness potential in a purely motor-task was also found to correlate with the extent of the motor-induced modulation of visual perception in the visuomotor task. These results provide strong evidence that perceptual changes close to action execution are associated with motor preparation processes and that this mechanism is independent of task contingencies. Further, our findings suggest that the readiness potential provides a fingerprint of individual visuomotor interaction.
Deformed oscillator algebras and QFT in κ-Minkowski spacetime

In this paper, we study the deformed statistics and oscillator algebras of quantum fields defined in $\ensuremath{\kappa}$-Minkowski spacetime. The twisted flip operator obtained from the twist associated with the star product requires an enlargement of the Poincar\'e algebra to include the dilatation generators. Here we propose a novel notion of a fully covariant flip operator and show that to the first order in the deformation parameter it can be expressed completely in terms of the Poincar\'e generators alone. The $R$ matrices corresponding to the twisted and the covariant flip operators are compared up to first order in the deformation parameter and they are shown to be different. We also construct the deformed algebra of the creation and annihilation operators that arise in the mode expansion of a scalar field in $\ensuremath{\kappa}$-Minkowski spacetime. We obtain a large class of such new deformed algebras which, for certain choice of realizations, reduce to results known in the literature.
Redshift evolution of stellar mass versus gas fraction relation in 0 < z < 2 regime: observational constraint for galaxy formation models

We investigate the redshift evolution of the molecular gas mass fraction (f_mol=M_mol/(M_star+M_mol), where M_mol is molecular gas mass and M_star is stellar mass) of galaxies in the redshift range of 0 10^11 Msun) when compared with the observational values. Our result suggests the importance of the feedback models which suppress the star formation while simultaneously preserving the molecular gas in order to reproduce the observed M_star-f_mol relation.
High-energy cosmic ray nuclei from tidal disruption events: Origin, survival, and implications

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) by supermassive or intermediate mass black holes have been suggested as candidate sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and high-energy neutrinos. Motivated by the recent measurements from the Pierre Auger Observatory, which indicates a metal-rich cosmic-ray composition at ultrahigh energies, we investigate the fate of UHECR nuclei loaded in TDE jets. First, we consider the production and survival of UHECR nuclei at internal shocks, external forward and reverse shocks, and nonrelativistic winds. Based on the observations of Swift J1644+57, we show that the UHECRs can survive for external reverse and forward shocks, and disk winds. On the other hand, UHECR nuclei are significantly disintegrated in internal shocks, although they could survive for low-luminosity TDE jets. Assuming that UHECR nuclei can survive, we consider implications of different composition models of TDEs. We find that the tidal disruption of main sequence stars or carbon-oxygen white dwarfs does not successfully reproduce UHECR observations, namely the observed composition or spectrum. The observed mean depth of the shower maximum and its deviation could be explained by oxygen-neon-magnesium white dwarfs, but they may be too rare to be the sources of UHECRs.