Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrogeochemistry in landslide research: a review

This review aims to give an overview of the potential hydrogeochemical information can have for landslide research and analyses the use of hydrogeochemical information to unravel the hydrological processes in landslide triggering. Landslides are well known for their data shortage; especially in case the hydrogeology is heterogeneous and difficult to measure. In this article we analyse the impact hydrogeochemical processes has on physical properties of the soil material and rock slopes, i.e. the relation with deformation rate and the relation of pore fluid composition and residual shear strength of soil material. Furthermore, the paper looks at the subsurface information that can be gained, i.e. the geological information of subsurface architecture and the hydrological information on origin of water, flow paths and travel times (using isotope analyses). Hydrochemical information used in both hard and soft rocks enables the display of clusters of water types, which is useful to identify contribution of different aquifers to the landslide area. Moreover, it can demonstrate the existence of lithologies and structures that are not visible with surface based geological investigations. Kinetic-based modelling is shown to be very useful in the interpretation of hydrogeochemical information. Lastly, it is shown that chemical information such as cation exchange properties coming from cored drilling is worthwhile for hydrological interpretations of landslides.
Impacts of the North Atlantic gyre circulation on Holocene climate off northwest Africa

We present well-dated high-resolution Holocene records of sea-surface temperature (SST) and upwelling intensity off northwest (NW) Africa. We identify long-term cooling trends over the Holocene in the subtropical North Atlantic in response to boreal summer insolation. A pronounced cooling event of similar to 1 degrees C ca. 8.5 cal ka indicates a large-scale reorganization of the ocean current system possibly induced by meltwater from the northern North Atlantic. Our alkenone SST record off Cape Ghir provides strong evidence for the impact of ocean circulation changes on subtropical North Atlantic SSTs. It is likely that cold waters were propagated to the subtropics via the Canary Current in a way similar to Heinrich events and the Younger Dryas off Cape Blanc. We find 2-3 k.y. periodic variations in SST and upwelling intensity off NW Africa superimposed on the cooling trend. Such a cycle has been documented in various paleoclimate archives in phase with solar forcing. We show that these variations on millennial time scales are linked to the North Atlantic subtropical gyre circulation and the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, and in particular to changes in the pressure gradient between the Icelandic Low and the Azores High. This suggests that oceanic circulation, in response to solar forcing, played a more important role in the generation of 2-3 k.y. cyclicity than has been previously considered.
Child Physical and Sexual Abuse: Guidelines for Treatment

The primary purpose of this project was to encourage the use of mental health treatment protocols and procedures that have a sound theoretical basis, a good clinical-anecdotal literature, high acceptance among practitioners in the child abuse field, a low chance for causing harm, and empirical support for their utility with victims of abuse. To accomplish this purpose, practitioners in the field need easily accessible information about available treatments, and direction concerning appropriate treatment methods for the child victims with whom they work. These Guidelines seek to present the best available information about the mental health treatment of cases of physical and sexual abuse in a concise and consistent format that can be easily used by practitioners and other interested professionals. The Guidelines are not intended to be an exhaustive and comprehensive guide to all of the treatment modalities that have been used with abused children. Rather, the Guidelines seek to cover the most common approaches, the protocols with the most empirical support, theoretically sound and promising treatments that may not have been tested empirically, and some practices that raise concern. The Guidelines can be used to identify first choice treatments, i.e., those that have empirical support for their efficacy; other treatments with strong clinical and theoretical support and wide acceptance within the field; novel and innovative treatments that may be used with caution; and other interventions that lack empirical, clinical or theoretical support, should be considered experimental or even potentially dangerous, and should not be used. By providing practitioners with clear and succinct information and directions for how to obtain more detailed knowledge, they will be better equipped to work with these child abuse victims and their families.
Cambrian intra-oceanic arc accretion to the austral Gondwana margin: constraints on the location of proto-New Zealand

Data from New Zealand and northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, indicate that the Cambrian Takaka Terrane intra-oceanic arc/backarc assemblage and the Bowers Terrane intra-oceanic arc/back-arc assemblage were accreted to the Gondwana margin by the Late Cambrian. Compelling similarities between the arc rocks and the immediate post-arc sediments firmly place the two regions in the same tectonic framework and imply close paleogeographic proximity. Currently, the Ross Orogen is thought to be the result of sinistral oblique convergence with west-directed subduction, and accretion of the arc assemblages is attributed to closure of backarc basins. Syntectonic fluvial conglomerates in both regions attest to the development of fluvial systems draining both the accreted arc and the contemporaneous continental margin arc. Trilobite faunas indicate that fluvial sedimentation commenced earlier in New Zealand than in northern Victoria Land. In the context of the widely accepted sinistral oblique convergence model, these data suggest an original position for New Zealand to the south of northern Victoria Land, probably in the region of the southern Ross Sea.
A comparison of powder-snow avalanches at Vallée de la Sionne, Switzerland, with plume theories

Abstract Powder-snow avalanches are natural hazards which affect the way populations live in mountainous areas. Field measurements from avalanches remain one of the most significant and useful sources of information about their dynamics and behaviour. In this paper, we consider all the video data from the Swiss Vallée de la Sionne test site from the years 2003–05. General scaling laws are sought for the avalanche front velocity based on plume theories. Avalanche Froude numbers are found, comparing three different length scales: the cube root of the fracture volume; the avalanche height; and the depth of entrained snow cover. We discuss the difficulties in defining the volume of a powder-snow avalanche: should we include just the head or also the turbulent wake that extends back to the starting zone? This relates to whether we use a compact model for the avalanche, such as the KSB model (Ancey, 2006; Turnbull and others, 2006) or a plume model (Turner, 1973). Observations are made regarding the lateral spreading behaviour of the avalanches. We show that the slow lateral spreading can be explained by large internal velocities and anisotropic turbulence generated by the large-scale motion in the avalanche head.
Digital Analysis of Lichen Cover: A Technique for Use in Lichenometry and Licnenology

Image analysis software was used to obtain various measures of thalli in crustose lichen communities. Lichens growing on flat-faced quartzite boulders in two glacier forefields were photographed and the images were transferred to a computer. Barren rock was digitally removed using Adobe Photoshop and Idrisi geographic information system (GIS) software was used to measure thallus size, perimeter, compactness, and total lichenized area. Replicate analyses show that the technique produces reproducible results that allow a user to distinguish very small differences in lichen coverage and obtain other quantitative measures of a lichen population. The technique is suitable for use with smooth, evenly illuminated surfaces where there are clear color differences between the various lichens and the substrate is a uniform color. Excellent results can be obtained using a 35 mm film camera, inexpensive flash units, a film or print scanner and DOS based versions of Idrisi that permit batch processing of images. The technique can be used to examine lichen colonization patterns and explore new approaches in lichenometric dating.
Partially Phosphorylated T Cell Receptor (cid:122) Molecules Can Inhibit T Cell Activation

Summary The T cell receptor complex (TCR) (cid:122) chain is constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated specifically at two of the six (cid:122) immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) tyrosine residues in resting peripheral T cells. Further phosphorylation of (cid:122) is induced by both agonist and antagonist ligands of the TCR, with agonists inducing complete phosphorylation of the (cid:122) ITAM tyrosines. After antagonist stimulation, (cid:122) phosphorylation is incomplete and generates discrete forms of partially phosphorylated ITAMs. Here, we mutate specific tyrosines in chimeric human CD8- (cid:122) molecules to reflect phosphorylation in resting T cells as well as phosphorylation induced by agonist and antagonist ligands. We demonstrate that such partially phosphorylated TCR- (cid:122) species can inhibit IL-2 production in T cell hybridomas and proliferation in T cell clones. This reveals a previously unrecognized, inhibitory function of partially phosphorylated ITAMs. These findings support the concept that TCR antagonism can arise through the generation of an inhibitory signal within the TCR complex and that constitutive (cid:122) phosphorylation in resting T cells is an inhibitory signaling environment.
Modeling stream discharge and nitrate loading in the Iowa-Cedar River basin under climate and land use change

A Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was developed for the Iowa-Cedar River Basin (ICRB), a 32,660 km2 watershed dominated by agricultural land cover (~70%) to simulate hydrology and water quality for the prediction of stream discharge, nitrate loads, and nitrate concentration under climate and land use change scenarios. Iowa exports as much as 20% of the nitrogen entering the Gulf of Mexico at the mouth of the Mississippi, contributing to Gulf hypoxia as well as local threats to water quality in the ICRB. The model utilized a combined autocalibration and sensitivity procedure incorporating Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI) and generalized additive models. This procedure resulted in Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) goodness-of-fit statistics that met literature guidelines for monthly mean stream discharge (NSE≥0.60) and daily nitrate load (NSE≥0.50). Artificial neural networks coupled with SWAT stream discharges aided in the simulation of daily mean nitrate concentrations that met the literature guideline (NSE≥0.50). The North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) provided an ensemble of 11 climate change scenarios. NARCCAP is a multi-institutional effort to simulate climate change at the mesoscale by downscaling global circulation models (GCM) with regional climate models (RCM). The resulting GCM-RCM produced synthetic precipitation and temperature time-series that drove the SWAT simulations and scenarios. The land use scenarios were a collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, using a rule-based GIS method to generate scenarios that (1) maximized agricultural productivity, (2) improved water quality and reduced flooding, and (3) enhanced local biodiversity. The SWAT simulations and ensemble climate change scenarios resulted in a warmer and wetter climate with greater and more extreme discharge in all seasons except summer where the models indicate a somewhat higher probability of extreme low flows (p-value<0.05). The land use scenarios for SWAT showed that nitrate load and discharge positively and linearly scale with percent of agricultural land area (p-value<0.05).
An evaluation of elemental mobility during metamorphism of a turbidite sequence (Greenland Group, New Zealand)

The extent of elemental mobility during lower greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphism of a uniform turbidite suite (Greenland Group, New Zealand) has been evaluated using data for major elements and 19 trace elements. Simple comparison of average compositions at 2 wt % Al2O3 intervals in the data suites shows little contrast between lower greenschist protolith and upper greenschist and amphibolite facies equivalents, except for enrichment of CaO and Sr, and loss of Ba and Rb, particularly in the sandier end members. Division into psammitic and pelitic suites using TiO2/Al2O3 and Zr/Al2O3 ratios allows delineation of individual residual enrichment models on Ti-reference element plots, and both lithotypes can be used to assess potential elemental mobility. These plots show that a large number of elements (Ti, Al, Fe, Mg, Ce, Cr, Ga, La, Nb, Ni, Sc, Th, V, Zn and Zr) constitute immobile reference species, with abundances equal to their equivalent lithotype in the protolith, and little mass loss or residual enrichment. K and Rb also largely conform to the residual model, but in the amphibolite facies some exchange between pelite and psammite may occur. A number of elements show enrichment (Mn, Cu, Pb, U, Na, P) or depletion (Y) in a small number of samples, but the significance of these contrasts is questionable due to relatively large variation in the protolith. In contrast, Ca and Sr show progressive and marked enrichment with increasing grade, and Ba and As are clearly depleted in amphibolite facies psammites. In the amphibolite facies some Si may have been lost by psammites, and gained by the pelites, although there has been no mass change from the suite as a whole. A large part of the Ca and Sr enrichment in the amphibolite facies can be accounted for by metasomatic homogenization of calcareous concretions which occur in the lower grade protolith. The metamorphism of the Greenland Group is thus considered to be essentially isochemical.
Functional connectivity changes with rapid remission from severe major depressive disorder (Connectivity changes with depression remission)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent and debilitating, and development of improved treatments is limited by insufficient understanding of the neurological changes associated with disease remission. In turn, efforts to elucidate these changes have been challenging due to disease heterogeneity as well as limited effectiveness, delayed onset, and significant off-target effects of treatments. We developed a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) that induces remission from MDD in 90% of individuals in 1-5 days (Stanford Accelerated Intelligent Neuromodulation Therapy, SAINT). This provides a tool to begin exploring the functional connectivity (FC) changes associated with MDD remission. Resting-state fMRI scans were performed before and after SAINT in 18 participants with severe, treatment-resistant MDD. FC was determined between regions of interest defined a priori by well-described roles in emotion regulation. Following SAINT, FC was significantly decreased between subgenual cingulate cortex (sgACC) and 3 of 4 default mode network (DMN) nodes. Significant reductions in FC were also observed between the following: DLPFC-striatum, DLPFC-amygdala, DMN-amygdala, DMN-striatum, and amygdala-striatum. Greater clinical improvements were correlated with larger decreases in FC between DLPFC-amygdala and DLPFC-insula, as well as smaller decreases in FC between sgACC-DMN. Greater clinical improvements were correlated with lower baseline FC between DMN-DLPFC, DMN-striatum, and DMN-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The multiple, significant reductions in FC we observed following SAINT and remission from depression support the hypothesis that MDD is a state of hyper-connectivity within these networks, and rapid decoupling of network nodes may lead to rapid remission from depression.
A RAP e a evolução do campo de administração pública no Brasil (1965-92)

14.00 This study proposes to assess the evolution in the field of public administration in Brazil through the analysis of the articles published by RAP from 1967 to 1992. On the basis of the methodology proposed by Golembiewski (1977), the 721 articles have been subsumed according to their focus (theoretical instruments utilized) and their locus (the empirical object on which the analysis befalls). From such classification have resulted three paradigms constituting the field in the above mentioned period: (a) public administration as an administrative science; (b) public administration as political science; and (c) (the emerging paradigm) public administration as public administration. This last paradigm's consolidation signals in the direction of a strengthening and a clearer delimitation of the area of public administration in Brazil. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
Dietary Supplementation of Vitamin E and α-Lipoic Acid Upregulates Cell Growth and Signaling Genes in Rat Myocardium

The efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in the prevention of cardiovascular disease appears equivocal, however the use of more potent antioxidant combinations than those traditionally used may exert a more positive effect. We have shown previously that supplementation of vitamin E and α-lipoic acid increases cardiac performance during post-ischemia reperfusion in older rats and increases Bcl-2 levels in endothelial cells. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vitamin E and α-lipoic acid supplementation on myocardial gene expression with a view to determine their mechanism of action. Young male rats received either a control (n=7) or vitamin E and α-lipoic acid supplemented diet (n=8) for 14 weeks. RNA from myocardial tissue was then amplified and samples were pooled within groups and competitively hybridized to 8.5K oligonucleotide rat microarrays. The relative expression of each gene was then compared to the control sample. Animals that received the antioxidant-supplemented diet exhibited upregulation (>1.5×) of 13 genes in the myocardium with 2 genes downregulated. Upregulated genes include those involved in cell growth and maintenance (LynB, Csf1r, Akt2, Tp53), cell signaling (LynB, Csf1r) and signal transduction (Pacsin2, Csf1r). Downregulated genes encode thyroid (Thrsp) and F-actin binding proteins (Nexilin).
The influence of decadal‐ to millennial‐scale ice mass changes on present‐day vertical land motion in Greenland: Implications for the interpretation of GPS observations

[1] We show predictions of present-day vertical land motion in Greenland using a recently developed glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) model, calibrated using both relative sea level (RSL) observations and geomorphological constraints on ice extent. Predictions from our GIA model are in agreement with the relatively small number of GPS measurements of absolute vertical motion from south and southwest Greenland. This suggests that our model of ice sheet evolution over the Holocene period is reasonably accurate. The uplift predictions are highly sensitive to variations of upper mantle viscosity. Thus, depending on the Earth model adopted, different periods of ice loading change dominate the present-day response in particular regions of Greenland. We also consider the possible influence of more recent changes in the ice sheet by applying a second ice model; specifically, a surface mass balance (SMB) model, which covers the period 1866 to 2005. Predictions from this model suggest that decadal-scale SMB changes over the past ∼140 years play only a small role in determining the present-day viscous response (at the sub-mm/yr level in most locations for a range of Earth model parameters). High rates of peripheral thinning from 1995 to 2005 predicted using the SMB model produce large elastic uplift rates (∼6 mm/yr) in west and southwest Greenland. This suggests that in some areas close to the ice margin, modern surface mass balance changes have a dominant control on present-day vertical land motion.
Mapping low‐mode internal tides near Hawaii using TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data

Objective maps of M2 internal‐tide variability are derived from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data obtained near the Hawaiian Ridge. An estimate of the wavenumber spectrum shows that the radiation is dominated by a few spectral peaks at wavenumbers consistent with the theoretically expected value for mode‐1 internal tides. The data are not always consistent with the traveling wave model. Because the spacing of the altimeter tracks is larger than the internal‐tide wavelength, the objective map underestimates the energy between the altimeter tracks. With this caveat, the maps are used to determine that 2.6 GW of power is radiated from a 1700 km section of the Hawaiian Ridge. Time series of hydrographic data obtained at the HOT site north of Oahu, Hawaii show that changes in mode‐1 phase speed, caused by variations in stratification, have only a small effect on the propagation of the mode‐1 internal tides.
Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cognitive Function and Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers in Young Patients Undergoing Surgery for Spine Disorders

Background: Exposure to anesthesia has been postulated to affect the cognitive function by inciting central nervous system inflammation. Hence, we planned to compare the psychometrical effects of anesthetic agents propofol, desflurane, or sevoflurane on postoperative cognitive function and also measure the change in concentration of serum S-100β, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α to look for the contribution of systemic inflammation. Methods: This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Intuitional ethical committee approval and consent from patients were obtained. We enrolled 66 patients, allocated into three equal groups to receive either sevoflurane (n = 22), desflurane (n = 22), or propofol (n = 22). Standard anesthesia protocol was followed titrated to a bispectral index of 40–60. Patients with preoperative mini-mental state examination ≤23 were excluded. Each patient was assessed thrice with battery of cognitive tests in preoperative period (baseline), after 72 h (early postoperative cognitive dysfunction [POCD]), after 3 months (delayed POCD) of surgery. Serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and S-100β were measured preoperatively and 72 h after surgery. Results: Mean scores of various psychometric tests improved slightly in early postoperative period which was not statistically significant (P > 0.5). In delayed postoperative period, there was significant improvement in scores as compared to baseline (P < 0.5) in all the groups. There was nonsignificant change in the levels of biomarkers S-100β, TNF-α, and IL-6 between baseline and postoperative period in all the groups. Conclusion: In young patients, there is no effect of anesthesia on postoperative cognitive functions. There is no association of inflammatory markers with respect to the patient's cognitive status.