Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lost but Not Forgotten: Attrition and Follow-up in the Indonesia Family Life Survey

Data from three waves of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) are used to examine follow-up and attrition in the context of a large scale panel survey conducted in a low-income setting. Household-level attrition between the baseline and first follow-up four years later is less than 6 percent; the cumulative attrition between the baseline and second follow-up after a five-year hiatus is 5 percent. Attrition is low in the IFLS because movers are followed: around 12 percent of households that were interviewed in the first follow-up had moved from their location at baseline. About half of those households were "local movers. " The other half, many of whom had moved to a new province, were interviewed during a second sweep through the study areas ("second tracking"). Regression analyses indicate that in terms of household-level characteristics at baseline, households interviewed during second tracking are very similar to those not interviewed in the follow-up surveys. Local movers are more similar to the households found in the baseline location in the follow-ups. The results suggest that the information content of households interviewed during second tracking is probably high. The cost of following those respondents is relatively modest in the IFLS. Although the analytical value of reinterviewing movers will vary depending on the specifics of the research, we conclude that, in general, tracking movers is a worthwhile investment in longitudinal household surveys conducted in settings where communication infrastructure is limited.
Relation of Disease Pathogenesis and Risk Factors to Heart Failure With Preserved or Reduced Ejection Fraction Insights From the Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Copyright © 2009 American Heart Association. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online 72514 Circulation is published by the American Heart Association. 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108. 815944 2009;119;3070-3077; originally published online Jun 8, 2009; Circulation Benjamin, Thomas J. Wang, Jack V. Tu and Daniel Levy Douglas S. Lee, Philimon Gona, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Martin G. Larson, Emelia J. Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Preserved or Reduced Ejection Fraction: Insights From the Framingham Heart Relation of Disease Pathogenesis and Risk Factors to Heart Failure With http://circ.ahajournals. org/cgi/content/full/119/24/3070 located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is
The Ordovician St. George Unconformity, northern Appalachians: The relationship of plate convergence at the St. Lawrence Promontory to the Sauk/Tippecanoe sequence boundary

The Middle Ordovician St. George Unconformity is the Sauk/Tippecanoe sequence boundary in western Newfoundland. It is a karst unconformity to disconformity to paraconformity. It formed by uplift and erosion during lithospheric flexure as a forebulge passed across the apex of the St. Lawrence Promontory of Laurentia's continental shelf in the initial stages of the Taconic Orogeny. Erosion was preceded by gentle uplift, warping, and block faulting of platform carbonates. Early faults directed groundwater flow and dissolution and locally resulted in subsidence dolines that were sites of anomalously thick pre- unconformity peritidal carbonates. Regional erosion that followed during Whiterockian time probably lasted 1 to 3 m.y. and locally removed as much as 50 m of stratigraphy on blockfaulted topographic highs. Surface karst marked the unconformity with minor karren and proto-soils. Subsurface karst as much as 120 m below the unconformity was manifested as near-surface porosity and sediment-filled fissures, and deeper, structurally controlled, small and large caves filled by dolomite muds, chert sands, and rock-matrix breccias. Upward stoping during breccia formation finally produced marine and nonmarine, sediment-filled collapse dolines at the unconformity. Chert-pebble conglomerate lags rested upon the unconformity before it was onlapped and buried by widespread peritidal carbonates. Faulting active throughout late Ibexian and Whiterockian time is consistent with the passage of the forebulge through western Newfoundland. This and changing rates of subsidence influenced not only the shape of the unconformity, but also pre- and post-unconformity sedimentation, that is, facies, thickness, and cyclic sedimentation; the ordered timing of events upon the shelf and in coeval slope sediments; and a diachronous event stratigraphy from Newfoundland to Quebec. This indicates that (1) early Taconic orogenesis rather than eustatic events fashioned the unconformity and associated stratigraphy and (2) the transformation from a passive to a convergent plate boundary began in the middle Ibexian, long before the unconformity developed. During the early stages of this transformation, imminent convergence of the margin caused the slowing to cessation of subsidence. Consequently, there was abrupt shallowing of the shelf reflected in the sudden change from open to restricted shelf facies throughout western Newfoundland. The model predicts that the timing and duration of events, and the longevity of the unconformity reflects the area's location at the St. Lawrence Promontory. In this respect, western Newfoundland will be different from other areas along the Appalachian system, especially reentrants. The broad scheme of events is consistent, however, from area to area along the length of the margin.
Observations of F layer electron density profiles modulated by planetary wave type oscillations in the equatorial ionospheric anomaly region

[1] A digital ionosonde of the type known as the Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde (CADI) is operational at Sao Jose dos Campos (23.2°S, 45.9°W), Brazil. This ionospheric sounding station is located under the southern crest of the ionospheric equatorial anomaly. The F layer electron density profile presents considerable day-to-day variability, even during undisturbed conditions, and this variability is still one of the less understood aspects of the physics of the ionosphere. The propagation of waves into the ionosphere may play an important role in this day-to-day ionospheric variability. In this paper we present a new technique that uses multifrequency virtual height variations, from ionospheric sounding observations at this low-latitude station, to investigate how the F layer is modulated by planetary wave type oscillations. We have also considered the possible influence of oscillations due to solar origin (solar rotation variation). In the present study, observations during the months of June to September 2003 (season of low-range type equatorial spread F occurrence at this location) have been used. The present study indicates the presence of 2-day (the observed 3-day periods are possibly associated with the quasi 2-day oscillations), 5-day, 10-day, and 16-day periods related to planetary wave type oscillations due to tropospheric sources during all the day. Also, it appears that during the day and dusk times, the longer periods 24–30 days are related to solar rotation (27 days), whereas the shorter periods 9–17 days have possibly some influence from half solar rotation (13.5 days). During the nighttime, possibly the short period oscillations 3–9 days may have some influence from the geomagnetic disturbances.
Approaches to understanding the ecology and evolution of understudied 4 terrestrial archaeal ammonia-oxidisers 5

This is the author’s accepted manuscript. The final peer-reviewed Version of Record can be found in 1 Emerging Topics in Life Science http://www.emergtoplifesci. org/ 2 3 Approaches to understanding the ecology and evolution of understudied 4 terrestrial archaeal ammonia-oxidisers 5 Cécile Gubry-Rangin1, William Williams, James I. Prosser 6 7 School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar 8 Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United Kingdom. 9 10 1Correspondence: C. Gubry-Rangin 11 Email: c.rangin@abdn.ac. uk 12 Phone: +44 (0) 1224 273254 13 14
Seismic stratigraphy of Quaternary deposits in Lake Peipsi, eastern Estonia

Abstract Shallow marine seismic reflection profiling in the western part of Lake Peipsi, eastern Estonia, has revealed new information about thickness, structure and distribution of the Quaternary deposits. Additional data from numerous drillings in the area around the lake have facilitated the interpretation of the seismic profiles. The thickness of the Quaternary deposits varies over a wide range, from a few metres in the northwestern part to over 50 m in the central part. Two seismic units have been subdivided in the Quaternary cover, interpreted as till followed by glaciolacustrine and postglacial lacustrine sediments. The till layer has in general a rather complicated structure. It reaches a thickness of about 33 m in the elongated bedrock depressions found in the western part of the lake, whereas within the flat bedrock areas, it has a more uniform structure and a thickness of 10–15 m. The till is only locally exposed in the lake bottom in the northwestern and northeastern areas. The glaciolacustrin.
Observations of solar spectral irradiance change during cycle 22 from NOAA-9 Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet Model 2 (SBUV/2)

[1] The NOAA-9 Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Model 2 (SBUV/2) instrument is one of a series of instruments providing daily solar spectral irradiance measurements in the middle and near ultraviolet since 1978. The SBUV/2 instruments are primarily designed to measure the stratospheric profile and total column amount of ozone, using the directional albedo as the input to the ozone retrieval algorithm. Almost all optical components are common to both radiance and irradiance measurements, whose ratio forms the directional albedo, so that most response changes cancel out. As a result, the SBUV/2 instrument does not require onboard monitoring of time-dependent sensitivity changes for production of ozone data. We use vicarious comparisons with coincident Shuttle SBUV (SSBUV) solar irradiance measurements during 1989–1996, combined with observed calibration drift during the solar activity minimum in 1985–1986, to determine the long-term instrument characterization for NOAA-9 SBUV/2. This approach allows us to derive more accurate solar spectral irradiances for the period from March 1985 to May 1997, spanning two solar cycle minima with a single instrument. The NOAA-9 irradiance data show an amplitude of approximately 9.3% at 200–205 nm for solar cycle 22. This is consistent with the result of ΔF200–205 = 8.3% for cycle 21 from Nimbus-7 SBUV and ΔF200–205 = 10% for cycle 23 from UARS SUSIM. NOAA-9 data at 245–250 nm show a solar cycle amplitude of ∼5.7%. The observed irradiance change at 200–205 nm between the minima of solar cycles 21 and 22 is not consistent with the UV irradiance change expected from the total solar irradiance trend suggested by Willson and Mordvinov [2003]. NOAA-9 SBUV/2 data can be combined with data from other instruments to create a 25-year record of solar UV irradiance.
A MULTITAXONOMIC APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING LOCAL‐ VERSUS WATERSHED‐SCALE INFLUENCES ON STREAM BIOTA IN THE LAKE CHAMPLAIN BASIN, VERMONT, USA

Twenty‐one stream reaches in northwestern Vermont were surveyed to assess the relative influence of local‐ and watershed‐scale variables on stream biotic assemblages including fish, aquatic macroinvertebrates and birds. Data were collected during the summers of 2003 and 2004 and included quantitative and qualitative geomorphic and habitat assessments (local‐scale) and land‐use characterization and modelled annual flow and sediment loading (watershed‐scale). Biotic assemblages were surveyed to capture characteristics related to abundance, diversity and composition. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to generate sets of factors representing unique scenarios of geophysical data derived from various spatial extents within the watershed. These factors were then used as the independent variables in multiple regression models using the biotic data as the dependent variables. Forty significant models were built from the combination of the eight scenarios and 11 dependent variables. Fish assemblage diversity and composition were influenced by a combination of local‐scale and watershed‐scale variables; however, the qualitative local data were more predictive than the quantitative data. Local‐scale data and sediment (model‐derived) were important factors in building significant macroinvertebrate models. Bird abundance and species richness were best predicted using local geomorphic characteristics and the qualitative local data. Our results reinforce the concept that whereas both local‐ and watershed‐scale variables affect stream biota, their relative influence depends upon the individual ecology of each taxon. In order to address these issues, comprehensive watershed management, restoration and conservation plans would benefit from assessments at multiple scales and from geomorphological, watershed and multitaxonomic perspectives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses of stannoidite and mawsonite and their genesis in ore deposits

Mawsonite and stannoidite characteristically occur with bornite and chalcopyrite in xenothermal ore deposits in Japan. The two minerals are not found in hypothermal ore deposits in which stannite occurs. Data on the thermal stability and phase diagrams of the system Cu-Fe-Sn-S including mawsonite and stannoidite are limited. Therefore, synthetic and experimental studies, especially of mawsonite and stannoidite, were carried out to obtain information on the genesis of the two minerals in nature. Phase diagrams of a part of the system Cu-Fe-Sn-S have been constructed at 700 degrees , 500 degrees , and 300 degrees C from the results of dry, flux, and hydrothermal syntheses. Differential thermal analyses and heating experiments were also carried out. The results indicate that mawsonite is stable at temperatures below 390 degrees C and that it decomposes to stannoidite, bornite, and chalcopyrite above this temperature. Mawsonite coexists with stannoidite, bornite, and chalcopyrite in the synthetic products as well as in the natural occurrence. Although mawsonite does not contain appreciable amounts of zinc, natural stannoidite generally contains some zinc. According to the results of heating experiments, natural stannoidite containing 3 weight percent of zinc decomposes to bornite, stannite, and chalcopyrite at about 500 degrees C, while zinc-free synthetic stannoidite is stable up to 800 degrees C. The temperature range of stability of zincian stannoidite may vary greatly with the zinc content. The sulfur fugacity determination by the electrum tarnish method indicates that the univariant assemblage of mawsonite, stannoidite, bornite, and chalcopyrite requires a higher sulfur fugacity than that of stannoidite, stannite, bornite, and chalcopyrite. It is also concluded from the results of experiments and observation of natural ores which carry mawsonite and stannoidite that mawsonite could have been formed by replacing stannoidite at temperatures lower than 390 degrees C and at a higher sulfur fugacity than the assemblage of stannoidite, bornite, and chalcopyrite.
Risk Stratification as a Tool to Rationalize Quarantine of Health Care Workers Exposed to COVID-19 Cases: Evidence From a Tertiary Health Care Center in India

Quarantine of health care workers (HCWs) exposed to COVID-19-confirmed cases is a well-known strategy for limiting the transmission of infection. However, during a pandemic situation in a resource-constraint setting, we require an evidence-based guideline for quarantining HCWs. We developed an algorithm for exposure-based risk stratification and quarantine of HCWs. We did contact tracing and risk stratification of 3853 HCWs, of whom 560 (14.5%) were categorized as high-risk contacts. High-risk contacts were quarantined for 14 days and underwent testing for COVID-19, while low-risk contacts continued their work with adherence to physical distancing, hand hygiene, appropriate use of personal protective equipment, and self-monitoring of symptoms. Overall, 118 (3.1%) contacts tested positive for COVID-19. The positivity rate among high-risk contacts was 7.1% (95% confidence interval = 5.2-9.6). Our strategy of risk stratification prevented 3215 HCWs from being quarantined and thus saved 45 010 person-days of health workforce in the institution.
Hearing aid fitting in older persons with hearing impairment: the influence of cognitive function, age, and hearing loss on hearing aid benefit

PURPOSE To examine the association of cognitive function, age, and hearing loss with clinically assessed hearing aid benefit in older hearing-impaired persons. METHODS Hearing aid benefit was assessed using objective measures regarding speech recognition in quiet and noisy environments as well as a subjective measure reflecting everyday situations captured using a standardized questionnaire. A broad range of general cognitive functions such as attention, memory, and intelligence were determined using different neuropsychological tests. Linear regression analyses were conducted with the outcome of the neuropsychological tests as well as age and hearing loss as independent variables and the benefit measures as dependent variables. Thirty experienced older hearing aid users with typical age-related hearing impairment participated. RESULTS Most of the benefit measures revealed that the participants obtained significant improvement with their hearing aids. Regression models showed a significant relationship between a fluid intelligence measure and objective hearing aid benefit. When individual hearing thresholds were considered as an additional independent variable, hearing loss was the only significant contributor to the benefit models. Lower cognitive capacity - as determined by the fluid intelligence measure - was significantly associated with greater hearing loss. Subjective benefit could not be predicted by any of the variables considered. CONCLUSION The present study does not give evidence that hearing aid benefit is critically associated with cognitive function in experienced hearing aid users. However, it was found that lower fluid intelligence scores were related to higher hearing thresholds. Since greater hearing loss was associated with a greater objective benefit, these results strongly support the advice of using hearing aids regardless of age and cognitive function to counter hearing loss and the adverse effects of age-related hearing impairment. Still, individual cognitive capacity might be relevant for hearing aid benefit during an initial phase of hearing aid provision if acclimatization has not yet taken place.
Hearing aid fitting in older persons with hearing impairment: the influence of cognitive function, age, and hearing loss on hearing aid benefit

Purpose: To examine the association of cognitive function, age, and hearing loss with clinically assessed hearing aid benefit in older hearing-impaired persons. Methods: Hearing aid benefit was assessed using objective measures regarding speech recognition in quiet and noisy environments as well as a subjective measure reflecting everyday situations captured using a standardized questionnaire. A broad range of general cognitive functions such as attention, memory, and intelligence were determined using different neuropsychological tests. Linear regression analyses were conducted with the outcome of the neuropsychological tests as well as age and hearing loss as independent variables and the benefit measures as dependent variables. Thirty experienced older hearing aid users with typical age-related hearing impairment participated. Results: Most of the benefit measures revealed that the participants obtained significant improvement with their hearing aids. Regression models showed a significant relationship between a fluid intelligence measure and objective hearing aid benefit. When individual hearing thresholds were considered as an additional independent variable, hearing loss was the only significant contributor to the benefit models. Lower cognitive capacity – as determined by the fluid intelligence measure – was significantly associated with greater hearing loss. Subjective benefit could not be predicted by any of the variables considered. Conclusion: The present study does not give evidence that hearing aid benefit is critically associated with cognitive function in experienced hearing aid users. However, it was found that lower fluid intelligence scores were related to higher hearing thresholds. Since greater hearing loss was associated with a greater objective benefit, these results strongly support the advice of using hearing aids regardless of age and cognitive function to counter hearing loss and the adverse effects of age-related hearing impairment. Still, individual cognitive capacity might be relevant for hearing aid benefit during an initial phase of hearing aid provision if acclimatization has not yet taken place.
Peridotite sills and metasomatic gabbros in the Eastern Layered Series of the Rhum complex

Mapping of the Eastern Layered Series (ELS) of the Rhum ultrabasic complex on the northern flank of Hallival shows that peridotite and allivalite (troctolite or gabbro) layers are laterally discontinuous and vary both in thickness and lithology. Peridotite generally has sharp upper and lower contacts against the allivalites, which sometimes cut across the layering in the allivalite. Reaction, dissolution and hybridization effects between peridotite and allivalite are developed locally. Some troctolite layers terminate as isolated, fingered blocks in peridotite. There are many small peridotite bodies which are clearly intrusive into allivalite and have previously been identified as distinct peridotite sheets and plugs. They are petrographically almost identical to the major stratiform peridotites and in some cases are apophyses from them. We propose that many of the peridotite layers in the ELS formed as thick sills of picritic magma emplaced into a partly solidified, layered troctolite complex. The stratiform gabbros of the ELS are heterogeneous, layered rocks that commonly contain relicts of troctolite and anorthosite. Wavy (metre-scale) contacts between gabbro and troctolite cut across pre-existing grain-size, modal and rhythmic layering with little disruption. These metasomatic gabbros mimic the textures, grain-size and rhythmic layering of their troctolitic protoliths. We propose that many of the ELS gabbros formed as a result of interaction between porous troctolites and a low-temperature basaltic melt. Residual basaltic melt segregated from solidifying peridotite may have caused this metasomatism.
Occurrence of Nitrous Oxide in the Central High Plains Aquifer, 1999

Nitrogen-enriched groundwater has been proposed as an important anthropogenic source of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O), yet few measurements of N2O in large aquifer systems have been made. Concentrations of N2O in water samples collected from the 124 000 km2 central High Plains aquifer in 1999 ranged from < 1 to 940 nM, with a median concentration of 29 nM (n = 123). Eighty percent of the N2O concentrations exceeded the aqueous concentration expected from equilibration with atmospheric N2O. Measurements of N2O, NO3-, and 3H in unsaturated-zone sediments, recently recharged groundwater, and older groundwater indicate that concentrations of N2O in groundwater increased over time and will likely continue to increase in the future as N-enriched water recharges the aquifer. Large concentrations of O2 and NO3- and small concentrations of NH4+ and dissolved organic carbon in the aquifer indicate that N2O in the central High Plains aquifer was produced primarily by nitrification. Calculations indicate that the f.