Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GROUND STATE PROPERTIES OF SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI IN RELATIVISTIC MEAN FIELD THEORY

In the framework of the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory, the stability and ground properties of super-heavy nuclei are discussed. Our study indicated that the current synthesized super-heavy nuclei (SHN) actually appear in the stable region, and adding more neutrons will not increase their stability. The study of nuclei from 287115 α decay chain showed that they are usually deformed, the magnitudes of their shell gaps are much smaller than those of nuclei before the actinium region, so that the shell effect is weakened, and SHN are usually not stable. A common phenomenon is that the Fermi surface of the proton is close to the continuum, the resonant continuums exist in SHN, because the SHN are usually neutron deficient. Although bulk properties can be described by the RMF+BCS theory, further study is needed. Density dependent delta pairing interaction can improve the treatment of the pairing and thus improve the level distribution in the continuum.
PRECONDITIONING TECHNIQUES IN COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

▪ Abstract An overview of preconditioning for the steady-state compressible inviscid fluid dynamic equations is presented. Extensions to the Navier-Stokes equations are also considered. These preconditioners are necessary for many algorithms in order to have the correct behavior at low speeds and to converge to the solution of the incompressible equations as the Mach number goes to zero. In addition, the preconditioning accelerates the convergence to a steady state for problems in which a significant portion of the flow is low speed. This low speed preconditioner can be combined with Jacobi and line preconditioners to damp high frequencies at all speeds. This is necessary for use with multigrid methods. Such combined methods are also better at accelerating problems with high aspect ratios. Details of the implementation are presented including several different variants for the preconditioning matrix.
H ∞ control via dynamic output feedback for positive systems with multiple delays

This study is concerned with H∞ control problems for positive systems with time delays using dynamic output feedback. Novel bounded real lemma for continuous-time systems with time delays is first presented, which shows one of the remarkable properties of diagonal positive definite matrix solutions to linear matrix inequalities for positive systems. The proposed results reveal that H∞ norms of positive systems with time delays in state and output equations are equivalent to that of the corresponding systems with zero delays. The positivity preserving H∞ control problem by means of dynamic output feedback is also considered, and thus necessary and sufficient conditions in the forms of matrix equalities are established for the solvability of such problem. The desired controller gains can be obtained by means of cone complementarity linearisation techniques. A numerical example is finally given to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Oxidative Regulation of Vascular Cav1.2 Channels Triggers Vascular Dysfunction in Hypertension-Related Disorders

Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. The L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav1.2) channel in small arteries and arterioles plays an essential role in regulating Ca2+ influx, vascular resistance, and blood pressure. Hypertension and preeclampsia are characterized by high blood pressure. In addition, diabetes has a high prevalence of hypertension. The etiology of these disorders remains elusive, involving the complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Common to these disorders are oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and mitochondria are primary sources of vascular oxidative stress, whereas dysfunction of the Cav1.2 channel confers increased vascular resistance in hypertension. This review will discuss the importance of ROS derived from NOXs and mitochondria in regulating vascular Cav1.2 and potential roles of ROS-mediated Cav1.2 dysfunction in aberrant vascular function in hypertension, diabetes, and preeclampsia.
The Association of Biochemical and Genetic Biomarkers in VEGF Pathway with Depression

VEGF is an important neurotrophic and vascular factor involved in mental disorders. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of genetic polymorphisms in the VEGF pathway on the risk for depression, symptom intensity, and suicide attempts. To examine the association between the VEGF pathway and depression, we genotyped polymorphisms and measured the plasma concentrations of VEGF, KDR, and FLT1 proteins. The participants were 160 patients with depression and 114 healthy controls. The questionnaires that assessed the clinical profile of the patients were the MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, GRID-HAMD21, CTQ, BSI, and the number of suicide attempts. Genotyping of participants was performed using the real-time PCR and protein measurements were performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). VEGF and its inhibitors were reduced in depression. Individuals with depression and displaying the homozygous AA of the rs699947 polymorphism had higher plasma concentrations of VEGF (p-value = 0.006) and were associated with a greater number of suicide attempts (p-value = 0.041). Individuals with depression that were homozygous for the G allele of the FLT1 polymorphism rs7993418 were associated with lower symptom severity (p-value = 0.040). Our results suggest that VEGF pathway polymorphisms are associated with the number of suicide attempts and the severity of depressive symptoms.
Impulsive Optic-Acoustic Effect of CO2, SF6 and NH3 Molecules

A rapid change of pressure of gas is observed by using a condenser microphone when a CO2 laser pulse is incident on the various kinds of gases such as CO2, SF6 and NH3 in an absorption cell. By analysing a wave form of the pressure change, the relaxation times of vibration-translation interaction of the relevant levels of molecules are obtained. Acoustic waves are also generated by the laser pulse and superimposed with the above mentioned pressure wave. It is found that a polarity of the acoustic wave of CO2 is inverted from those of SF6 and NH3.
Let’s draw molecules: Students’ sequential drawing processes of resonance structures in organic chemistry

Drawing is a fundamental skill in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines to express one’s reasoning and externalize mental models in problem-solving. Although research has highlighted the effectiveness of drawing as a learning strategy and the importance of drawing accuracy for learning success, little is known about learners’ actual drawing process. However, especially in organic chemistry, the investigation of drawing processes is of great importance as generating different representations, such as structural formulas, is inherent to problem-solving in this visual-laden discipline. Resonance structures, for example, are often used to estimate reactive sites in a molecule and to propose reaction pathways. However, this type of representation places a high cognitive demand on learners, which, besides conceptual difficulties, leads to drawing difficulties. To support learners in drawing and using resonance structures in problem-solving, it is necessary to characterize how they generate their drawings. To this end, a qualitative, exploratory study has been conducted to investigate undergraduate students’ (N = 20) drawing processes of resonance structures while solving an organic case comparison task. Using eye-tracking, the characteristics regarding the construction of productive and unproductive drawings became visible. Results indicate that unproductive drawings often stem from integrating and connecting unrelated information during the drawing process. Further, the results show that the productivity of a drawing depends on learners’ flexibility in information selection. Implications for supporting learners’ drawing process and using eye-tracking for characterizing drawing processes in other STEM disciplines are discussed.
Confinement of vibration by structural irregularity

The propagation of vibrations in extended structures with some degree of disorder, i.e., departure from regularity or strict periodicity, is discussed. An account is given of the phenomenon of normal mode localization, caused under certain circumstances by the disorder. This phenomenon means that vibrational energy injected into the structure by an external source cannot propagate to arbitrarily large distances, but is instead substantially confined to a region close to the source. Specifically, it is shown that the steady‐state response of the structure decays exponentially away from the source. This phenomenon, predicted by P. W. Anderson in 1958 with applications in solid‐state physics in mind, has been of great importance in understanding electrical conduction processes in disordered solids and may turn out to be very important in many acoustical problems as well. We illustrate the phenomenon in terms of two simple mechanical models, a system of coupled pendula and a vibrating string with mass and spr.
Antifungal Activity of Kinar (Kleinhovia hospita L.) Leaf Ethanol Extract Against Malassezia furfur

Highlights : Alternative medicine is needed for pityriasis versicolor because there are recurrence cases and resistance to antifungal agents. Kinar leaf ethanol extract cannot inhibit the growth of Malassezia furfur. Further studies are suggested on the type of solvent and appropriate concentration to attract more bioactive compounds. Abstract : Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial dermatomycosis that can decrease human self-confidence. This infection is caused by the fungus Malassezia furfur. Eighty percent of recurrence cases after treatment and resistance to antifungal agents were found. Therefore, alternative medicine is needed. Kinar (Kleinhovia hospita Linn.) is a tropical plant that have bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of kinar leaf extract against the growth of Malassezia furfur. This research was a laboratory experimental study using paper disc diffusion method. Kinar leaves (green and yellow leaves) were macerated using 96% ethanol and made into concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. As much as 200 mg of ketoconazole was used as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control then tested on Malassezia furfur using Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). The parameter observed was the clear zone formed around the paper disc. The tests and observations showed that there was a clear zone formed around the paper disc. It means that the kinar leaf extract cannot inhibit the growth of Malassezia furfur.
Über die Lumineszenz der Edelgasgemische Ar/Xe, Kr/Xe, Ar/Kr und der Gemische Xe/N2 und Kr/N2 bei Anregung mit schnellen Elektronen

Die Gasgemische Ar/Xe, Kr/Xe, Ar/Kr, Xe/N2 und Kr/N2 werden mit 50-ke V-Elektronen angeregt, die Emission spektroskopisch untersucht und das Abklingen enger Spektralbereiche mittels Phasenfluorometer oder oszillographisch gemessen. Neben Bogen- und Funkenlinien werden Banden hetereoatomarer Edelgasmolekule beobachtet. Die gemessenen Abklingzeiten gestatten Schlusse auf den Mechanismus der Molekulbildung.
Trends in Risk Factors and Symptoms Associated With SARS-CoV-2 and Rhinovirus Test Positivity in King County, Washington, June 2020 to July 2022

Key Points Question What are the risk factors associated with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus infection in King County, Washington, from June 2020 to July 2022? Findings In this case control study with a test-negative design of 23 498 participants, reporting close contact with a SARS-CoV-2 case was the strongest risk factor associated with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, while young age was associated with a positive rhinovirus test. Sociodemographic disparities were present for both SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus. Meaning These findings suggest that monitoring risk factors associated with respiratory pathogen test positivity remains important to identify at-risk populations in the post–SARS-CoV-2 pandemic period.
Challenges and Strategies for Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastic Waste Management in Europe

In recent years, an increasing trend towards replacement of conventional fossil-based plastics with bio-based plastics was noticed, i.e., production of plastics partly or fully made from biomass is rapidly expanding. Currently, bio-based and biodegradable plastics have a very small market size, approximately only 1% of all plastics produced. However, the forecast of the global bioplastics production capacities predicts an increase from approximately 2.417 million tonnes in 2021 to approximately 7.593 million tonnes in 2026, more than three times the current capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the challenges and identify the barriers for bio-based and biodegradable plastics for waste management and to evaluate the effectiveness of current plastic waste management strategies for the efficient waste management of bio-based and biodegradable plastics. The main barriers and motivators of the biodegradable and biodegradable plastics market that have been identified include macroeconomic factors, regulatory factors, technological factors, and social factors. The bio-based and biodegradable plastics have to be separately collected and treated under mostly controlled, regulated conditions. However, currently, there are no legal provisions providing for the separate collection of bio-based plastics, leading to their disposal with either hazardous waste, conventional plastics, or municipal waste. Since the effective plastic waste management strategy relates to good performance in each step of the waste management process, bio-based and biodegradable plastic waste management could, therefore, be based on an effective strategy for the management of plastic waste. However, there is a need for standardizing waste collection systems and creating a harmonized waste collection infrastructure, which would lead to effective sorting of bio-based plastic waste.
Current-induced cutting and recombination of magnetic superconducting vortex loops in mesoscopic superconductor-ferromagnet heterostructures

Vortex loops are generated by the inhomogeneous stray field of a magnetic dipole on top of a current-carrying mesoscopic superconductor. Cutting and recombination processes unfold under the applied drive, resulting in periodic voltage oscillations across the sample. We show that a direct and detectable consequence of the cutting and recombination of these vortex loops in the present setup is the onset of vortices at surfaces where they were absent prior to the application of the external current. The nonlinear dynamics of vortex loops is studied within the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory to describe the profound three-dimensional features of their time evolution.
Exploring Board Behavior in a Public Context: Experiences from a Swedish Municipal Corporation

Abstract Based on an eclectic behavioral theoretical approach and institutional logic, this study explores what constitutes board behavior in the public setting. The empirical material relates to a longitudinal case study of a local municipal corporation (MC). Whereas private sector board research tends to highlight the tasks of control and service, we have identified multiple board tasks in Swedish MCs: control, decision-making, service, conflict resolution, education, legitimizing the MC, and key value implementation. We also found four contingencies of board tasks in our data, namely board composition, board leadership, presidium empowerment, and board processes, thus providing further knowledge on the emergence of specific board tasks in MCs. By combining the eclectic behavioral and institutional logics perspectives, our study highlights how and why different board behavior emerges from an institutional frame. Our findings contribute to the nascent field of research on public boards by providing empirical insights into public board behavior.
Self-Compassion in Chinese Young Adults: Its Measurement and Measurement Construct

Objectives Self-compassion is the ability to be kind to oneself in adversity. This multidimensional construct is typically assessed by the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). In Chinese samples, there have been inconsistent psychometric findings that impede cross-cultural research. This study aimed to explore the factor structure of the Chinese version (SCS-C). Methods Two samples of young Chinese adults were recruited (Sample 1, N = 465, 141 men, Mean age [Mage] = 20.26; Sample 2, N = 392, 71 men; Mage = 18.97). Confirmatory factor analyses and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were used to examine previously reported four- and six-factor structures of SCS-C. Results Although ESEM supported the six-factor structure when a problematic item was omitted, we found stronger evidence for a novel four-factor structure of the SCS-C revealed with self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness, and uncompassionate self-responding. This suggests that Chinese individuals have a different understanding of the negative components of the original self-compassion definition, which was based on the United States and other mostly Western samples. Omega coefficients of the bifactor models suggested that using the SCS total score in Chinese samples is inappropriate. However, high factor determinacy and construct replicability indicated that the general factor of SCS-C could be used in a structural equation modeling context for both four-factor and six-factor structures. Conclusions When using the existing SCS-C in path models, researchers should use a latent variable approach and establish the measurement construct rather than sum scores of the scale or subscales without checking the factor structure in future empirical studies. Also, the SCS-C needs to be revised, and we proposed directions forward for future research.
Regulation of Normal and Neoplastic Proliferation and Metabolism by the Extended Myc Network

The Myc Network, comprising a small assemblage of bHLH-ZIP transcription factors, regulates many hundreds to thousands of genes involved in proliferation, energy metabolism, translation and other activities. A structurally and functionally related set of factors known as the Mlx Network also supervises some of these same functions via the regulation of a more limited but overlapping transcriptional repertoire. Target gene co-regulation by these two Networks is the result of their sharing of three members that suppress target gene expression as well as by the ability of both Network’s members to cross-bind one another’s consensus DNA sites. The two Networks also differ in that the Mlx Network’s control over transcription is positively regulated by several glycolytic pathway intermediates and other metabolites. These distinctive properties, functions and tissue expression patterns potentially allow for sensitive control of gene regulation in ways that are differentially responsive to environmental and metabolic cues while allowing for them to be both rapid and of limited duration. This review explores how such control might occur. It further discusses how the actual functional dependencies of the Myc and Mlx Networks rely upon cellular context and how they may differ between normal and neoplastic cells. Finally, consideration is given to how future studies may permit a more refined understanding of the functional interrelationships between the two Networks.
Evidence of in vivo exogen protein uptake by red blood cells: a putative therapeutic concept

Key Points • Transfusion of TRPC6 knockout RBCs to wild-type mice led to the “rescue” of TRPC6 function, suggesting protein transfer to RBCs. • Mechanical stimulation leads to tether formation between human RBCs, which may mediate protein transfer, a key for a new treatment concept.
Some extensions to the Cercignani–Lampis gas–surface scattering kernel

The Cercignani–Lampis gas–surface scattering kernel is extended to include two important cases not covered by the basic model. These are (a) diffuse scattering with partial energy accommodation, and (b) accommodation of vibrational energy of a diatomic molecule with equally spaced energy levels. Both extensions are easily implemented in direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) calculations. The results of some test calculations are presented.
Expert Mental Models of SSI Systems and Implications for End-User Understanding

Self-sovereign identity (SSI) systems have gained increasing attention over the last five years. In a variety of fields (e.g., education, IT security, law, government), developers and researchers are attempting to give end-users back their right to and control of their data. Although prototypes and theoretical concepts for SSI applications exist, the majority of them are still in their infancy. Due to missing definitions and standards, there is currently a lack of common understanding of SSI system within the (IT) community. Toinvestigate current commonalities and differences in SSI understanding, I contribute the first qualitative user study ( N = 13) on expert mental models of SSI and its associated threat landscape. The study results highlight the need for a general definition of SSI and further standards for such systems, as experts’ perceptions of SSI requirements vary widely. Based on the expert interviews, I constructed a minimal knowledge map for (potential) SSI end-users and formulated design guidelines for SSI to facilitate broad adoption in the wild and improve privacy-preserving usage.
Variable Selection for the Growth Curve Model

In this paper we consider the problem of selecting the covariables within individuals in the growth curve model. We propose two modifications ofAICandMIC(Cp-static), which have improvements on the bias properties. Asymptotic distributions of variable slection criteria are derived under a general situation where a polynomial growth curve of degreej0is approximately suitable. A simulation study is also given to gain some understanding on the small sample properties of these variable selection criteria
Increased Oxidative Stress Markers in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Thrombolytics

One of the most common neurological disorders involving oxidative stress is stroke. During a stroke, the balance of redox potential in the cell is disturbed, and, consequently, protein oxidation or other intracellular damage occurs, ultimately leading to apoptosis. The pineal gland hormone, melatonin, is one of the non-enzymatic antioxidants. It not only modulates the perianal rhythm but also has anti-inflammatory properties and protects against stress-induced changes. The focus of this research was to evaluate the concentration of the carbonyl groups and melatonin metabolite in time in patients with acute ischemic stroke that were treated with intravenous thrombolysis. This included a comparison of the functional status of patients assessed according to neurological scales with the control sample comprising healthy people. The studies showed that the serum concentrations of carbonyl groups, which were elevated in patients with ischemic stroke (AIS) in comparison to the control samples, had an impact on the patients’ outcome. A urine concentration of the melatonin metabolite, which was lower in patients than controls, was related to functional status after 24 h from cerebral thrombolysis. It shows that determination of carbonyl groups at different time intervals may be an important potential marker of protein damage in patients with AIS treated with cerebral thrombolysis, and that impaired melatonin metabolism induces a low antioxidant protection. Thus, due to the neuroprotective effects of melatonin, attention should also be paid to the design and conduct of clinical trials and hormone supplementation in AIS patients to understand the interactions between exogenous melatonin and its endogenous rhythm, as well as how these relationships may affect patient outcomes.