Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Stigma Towards Substance Use in Pregnancy: A Randomized Study Testing the Impact of Stigmatizing Language and Type of Opioid Use on Attitudes Toward Mothers With Opioid Use Disorder

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: To examine the extent to which colloquial phrases used to describe opioid-exposed mother-infant dyads affects attitudes toward mothers with opioid use disorder (OUD) to assess the role stigmatizing language may have on the care of mothers with OUD. Methods: We employed a randomized, cross-sectional, case vignette of an opioid-exposed dyad, varying on 2 factors: (1) language to describe newborn (“substance-exposed newborn” vs “addicted baby”) and (2) type of maternal opioid use (injection heroin vs nonmedical use of prescription opioids). Participants were recruited using an online survey platform. Substance-related stigma, punitive-blaming, and supportive scales were constructed to assess attitudes. Two-way analyses of variance were conducted to determine mean scale differences by vignette. Posthoc analyses assessed individual item-level differences. Results: Among 1227 respondents, we found a small statistical difference between language and opioid type factors for the supportive scale only (F = 4.31, η2 = .004, P = 0.038), with greater agreement with supportive statements when describing injection heroin use, compared to prescription opioid use, for the “substance-exposed newborn” vignette only. In posthoc analyses, greater than 85% of respondents agreed the mother was “responsible for her opioid use,” her “addiction was caused by poor choices,” and that she “put her baby in danger. ” Conclusions: We found no major differences in attitudes regardless of vignette received. Overall, respondents supported opportunities for maternal recovery yet blamed women, describing mothers as culpable for causing harm to their newborn, showcasing internally conflicting views. These views could contribute to ongoing stigma and avoidance of care among pregnant women with OUD.
The characteristics and evolution of pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 patients as assessed by AI-assisted chest HRCT

The characteristics and evolution of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not been adequately studied. AI-assisted chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was used to investigate the proportion of COVID-19 patients with pulmonary fibrosis, the relationship between the degree of fibrosis and the clinical classification of COVID-19, the characteristics of and risk factors for pulmonary fibrosis, and the evolution of pulmonary fibrosis after discharge. The incidence of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with severe or critical COVID-19 was significantly higher than that in patients with moderate COVID-19. There were significant differences in the degree of pulmonary inflammation and the extent of the affected area among patients with mild, moderate and severe pulmonary fibrosis. The IL-6 level in the acute stage and albumin level were independent risk factors for pulmonary fibrosis. Ground-glass opacities, linear opacities, interlobular septal thickening, reticulation, honeycombing, bronchiectasis and the extent of the affected area were significantly improved 30, 60 and 90 days after discharge compared with at discharge. The more severe the clinical classification of COVID-19, the more severe the residual pulmonary fibrosis was; however, in most patients, pulmonary fibrosis was improved or even resolved within 90 days after discharge.
Predictors of severe COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients in the different epidemic waves: Analysis of the Spanish Registry

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has produced high mortality in kidney transplant (KT) recipients, especially in the elderly. Until December 2020, 1011 KT with COVID‐19 have been prospectively included in the Spanish Registry and followed until recovery or death. In multivariable analysis, age, pneumonia, and KT performed ≤6 months before COVID‐19 were predictors of death, whereas gastrointestinal symptoms were protective. Survival analysis showed significant increasing mortality risk in four subgroups according to recipient age and time after KT (age <65 years and posttransplant time >6 months, age <65 and time ≤6, age ≥65 and time >6 and age ≥65 and time ≤6): mortality rates were, respectively, 11.3%, 24.5%, 35.4%, and 54.5% (p < .001). Patients were significantly younger, presented less pneumonia, and received less frequently specific anti‐COVID‐19 treatment in the second wave (July–December) than in the first one (March–June). Overall mortality was lower in the second wave (15.1 vs. 27.4%, p < .001) but similar in critical patients (66.7% vs. 58.1%, p = .29). The interaction between age and time post‐KT should be considered when selecting recipients for transplantation in the COVID‐19 pandemic. Advanced age and a recent KT should foster strict protective measures, including vaccination.
Characteristics of hospitalized patients during a large waterborne outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni in Norway

Very few reports describe all hospitalized patients with campylobacteriosis in the setting of a single waterborne outbreak. This study describes the demographics, comorbidities, clinical features, microbiology, treatment and complications of 67 hospitalized children and adults during a large waterborne outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni in Askoy, Norway in 2019, where more than 2000 people in a community became ill. We investigated factors that contributed to hospitalization and treatment choices. Data were collected from electronic patient records during and after the outbreak. Fifty adults and seventeen children were included with a biphasic age distribution peaking in toddlers and middle-aged adults. Most children, 14 out of 17, were below 4 years of age. Diarrhea was the most commonly reported symptom (99%), whereas few patients (9%) reported bloody stools. Comorbidities were frequent in adults (63%) and included cardiovascular disease, pre-existing gastrointestinal disease or chronic renal failure. Comorbidities in children (47%) were dominated by pulmonary and gastrointestinal diseases. Adult patients appeared more severely ill than children with longer duration of stay, higher levels of serum creatinine and CRP and rehydration therapy. Ninety-two percent of adult patients were treated with intravenous fluid as compared with 12% of children. Almost half of the admitted children received antibiotics. Two patients died, including a toddler. Both had significant complicating factors. The demographic and clinical findings presented may be useful for health care planning and patient management in Campylobacter outbreaks both in primary health care and in hospitals.
Validity and reliability of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale for Brazilian elderly: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE to verify the validity and reliability of the Psychological Distress Scale for screening mental distress. METHODS a cross-sectional study with 75 elderly people. Psychological Distress scale and Self Reporting Questionnaire were used. Criterion validity was verified using Spearman's correlation and diagnostic accuracy measures. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to investigate reliability. RESULTS the total internal consistency of the Psychological Distress Scale was α=0.844. Concurrent validity between this instrument and the Self Reporting Questionnaire was ρ=0.722 (p<0.001). The best cut-off point for screening mental distress among elderly people was a total score greater than 14, with sensitivity equal to 75.47% and specificity equal to 85.0%. CONCLUSIONS the scale was robust for screening mental distress, given its high reliability, in terms of homogeneity, and adequate criterion validity, whose best cut-off point for screening was a score greater than 14.
Abdominal obesity and myocardial infarction risk - We demonstrate the anthropometric and mathematical reasons that justify the association bias of the waist-to-hip ratio.

BACKGROUND the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is widely used to evaluate the association of abdominal obesity with myocardial infarction (MI). OBJECTIVE our aim was to determine whether WHR-associated risk provides a bias. METHODS a case-control study in 252 men. Stratification was used as an approach for removing bias effects. We created a baseline covariate (WHR0.95-0.99) from a new matched sample in the stratum between 0.95 and 0.99. This stratum coincides with the overlap area of the distribution, where all subjects have a similar propensity score. We considered other covariate (WHRS), conditioned on WHR < 1 and waist circumference (WC) being assigned a spurious risk. We hypothesized that subtracting hip circumference from WC (WHD) can be essential to observe the confounding effect provided by WHR. RESULTS BMI: AUC: 0.694, 95 % CI (0.628-0.760); OR: 3.8. WC: AUC: 0.743, 95 % CI (0.681-0.805); OR: 5.7. WHR: AUC: 0.798, 95 % CI (0.740-0.855); OR: 8.6. Waist-height ratio (WHtR): AUC: 0.782, 95 % CI (0.724-0.840); OR: 8.5. WHD: AUC: 0.204, 95 % CI (0.146-0.261); OR: 0.36. Prevalence in cases: WHR ≥ 0.95 (84.1 % vs. 38 %; OR: 8.6); WHR < 1 (36.3 % vs. 85.7 %; OR: 2.3); WHR ≥ 1 (63.4 % vs. 14.2 %; OR: 4.4); WC ≥ 94.4 (71.4 % vs. 30.1 %; OR: 5.7); WHD ≥ 2.2 (27.7 % vs. 75.3 %; OR: 7.9); WHRs (50 % vs. 25 %; OR: 2). CONCLUSIONS WHR provides an association bias in MI cases. This can be extrapolated to other study populations. The bias is explained by a mathematical misconception where the protective effect of HC is overestimated concerning WC and height. The risk associated with WHR as higher than that associated with WC and WHtR entails anthropometric inconsistency and bias, to the extent of becoming epidemiologically false.
Salvia miltiorrhiza induces depolarization of pacemaker potentials in murine small intestinal interstitial cells of Cajal via extracellular Ca2+ and Na+ influx.

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells that control smooth muscle contraction in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The present study investigated the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) on the pacemaker potentials of ICCs from the mouse small intestine in vitro and on GI motility in vivo. The whole‑cell patch‑clamp configuration was used to record pacemaker potential in ICCs in vitro, and GI motility was investigated in vivo by recording intestinal transit rate (ITR). Using the whole‑cell patch‑clamp configuration, SM depolarized the pacemaker potentials of ICCs in a dose‑dependent manner. Fulvestrant blocked SM‑induced effects but 1,3‑dihydro‑3,3‑bis(4‑hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl‑2H‑indol‑2‑one did not. Additionally, 4‑[2‑phenyl-5,7‑bis(trifluoromethyl) pyrazolo[1,5‑a]pyrimidin‑3‑yl] phenol blocked SM‑induced effects. Intracellular guanosine 5'‑O‑(2‑thiodiphosphate), and pretreatment with extracellular Ca2+‑ and Na+‑free solutions also blocked SM‑induced effects. Furthermore, ITR values were increased by SM in vivo and SM elevated the levels of motilin (MTL). The SM‑induced increase in ITR was associated with increased protein expression levels of c‑kit and the transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) channel. In addition, SM induced pacemaker potential depolarization through estrogen receptor β in a G protein‑dependent manner via extracellular Ca2+ and Na+ regulation in the murine small intestine in vitro. Moreover, SM increased the ITR in vivo through the MTL hormone via c‑kit and TMEM16A‑dependent pathways. Taken together, these results suggested that SM may have the ability to control GI motility and could be used as a GI motility regulator.
Effect of soil depth on acid properties of humic substances extracted from an ombrotrophic peat bog in northwest Spain

The most southerly ombrotrophic peat bogs in Europe are in Galicia (northwest Spain). The humic matter in them originates from chemical processes in anaerobic conditions. We studied the acid properties of fulvic acids and humic acids isolated from two peat horizons of an ombrotrophic peat bog by potentiometric titration. Solutions containing 25, 50 and 100 mg l−1 of each humic substance were titrated at ionic strengths 0.005 m, 0.01 m and 0.1 m (with KNO3 as the inert electrolyte). Charge curves were analysed with a Donnan model to determine the intrinsic proton binding parameters. The concentration of the humic substance affected the charge curves more significantly at pH exceeding 6, and tended to disappear at greater concentrations. The proton binding conditional constants decreased with increasing ionic strength, this effect being more significant in the carboxylic groups with less affinity for protons. The proton binding constant of the carboxyl groups in a fulvic acid was one order of magnitude less than the value for the corresponding humic acid, whereas for the phenolic groups the values for both fractions were similar. The total content of acid groups was approximately 2 mol kg−1 greater in the fulvic fraction than in the humic fraction. Both humic fractions from the lower horizon contained more acid groups than those from the upper horizon, mainly because the content of carboxyl groups increases with soil depth. Therefore, the humic substances in the lower horizon of the peat will be more negatively charged, which will affect their solubility and the binding of metal ions.
ANALYSIS OF PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10 AND PM2.5) CONCENTRATION IN KHORRAMABAD CITY, IRAN

Aims: In this study, the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in eight station of Khorramabad city was analyzed. Materials and Methods: For this study, the data were taken from April 2010 to March 2011. The eight sampling point were chosen in account to Khorramabad maps. During this period, 240 daily PM samples including coarse particle (PM 10 ) and fine particle (PM 2.5 ) were collected. A two-part sampler was used to collect samples of PM. According to one-way ANOVA, multiple comparisons Scheffe, the obtained data were analyzed and then compared with the Environment protection organization standard rates. Khorramabad Results: The results revealed that during measuring the maximum concentration of PM 10 and PM 2.5 was respectively 120.9 and 101.09 μ/m 3 at Shamshirabad station. There was a significant difference between the mean values of PM 10 concentration (μg/m 3 ) in the seasons of summer. In addition, the mean concentrations of PM 10 in warmer months exceeded to the maximum permissible concentration. Conclusions: Year comparison of PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentration with standard were revealed particle matter concentration in summer season was higher than standard. Although total mean of particle matter was less than standard concentration.
Adaptation by Ancient Horizontal Acquisition of Butyrate Metabolism Genes in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

There has been considerable interest in the impact of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on inflammatory effects related to the microbiome. Here, we present evidence that SCFAs may also be important in disease by providing an energy source or disease-associated cue for colonizing pathogens. ABSTRACT Like the bacterial residents of the human gut, it is likely that many of the species in the human oral microbiota have evolved to better occupy and persist in their niche. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is both a common colonizer of the oral cavity and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Here, we present a whole-genome phylogenetic analysis of Aa isolates from humans and nonhuman primates that revealed an ancient origin for this species and a long history of association with the Catarrhini, the lineage that includes Old World monkeys (OWM) and humans. Further genomic analysis showed a strong association with the presence of a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) catabolism locus (atoRDAEB) in many human isolates that was absent in almost all nonhuman OWM isolates. We show that this locus was likely acquired through horizontal gene transfer. When grown under conditions that are similar to those at the subgingival site of periodontitis (anaerobic, SCFA replete), Aa strains with atoRDAEB formed robust biofilms and showed upregulation of genes involved in virulence, colonization, and immune evasion. Both an isogenic deletion mutant and nonhuman primate isolates lacking the ato locus failed to grow in a robust biofilm under these conditions, but grew well under the carbohydrate-rich conditions similar to those found above the gumline. We propose that the acquisition of the ato locus was a key evolutionary step allowing Aa to utilize SCFAs, adapt, and modulate subgingival disease. IMPORTANCE There has been considerable interest in the impact of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on inflammatory effects related to the microbiome. Here, we present evidence that SCFAs may also be important in disease by providing an energy source or disease-associated cue for colonizing pathogens. We propose that SCFAs allow Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) to adapt to the subgingival anaerobic environment, which is the site of human periodontitis. Under anaerobic, SCFA-rich conditions, human-derived Aa strains that possess butyrate metabolism genes form strong biofilms and upregulate virulence genes. Our phylogenetic analysis highlights a long history of evolution of Aa with its primate hosts and suggests that the acquisition of butyrate metabolism genes may have been a critical step in allowing Aa to colonize a new niche and cause disease in humans. Overall, this study highlights the important role that horizontal gene transfer may play in microbial adaptation and the evolution of infectious disease.
Life satisfaction and health self-assessment of older adults assisted through home care.

OBJECTIVE to identify sociodemographic and health characteristics according to age groups and to analyze the association between self-assessed health status and satisfaction with regular/bad life with sociodemographic characteristics, global functioning and falls of older adults linked to home care within the primary health care network. METHOD cross-sectional study with 124 older adults, conducted using home interviews. A sociodemographic data and health status questionnaire was used, together with Barthel Index, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Timed Up and Go Test. Bivariate and multivariate analyses (Poisson regression) were applied. RESULTS there was a predominance of female octogenarians. Self-assessment of regular/bad health was associated with mild (p=0.002) and severe (p<0.001) depressive symptoms. Satisfaction with regular/bad life was associated with fear of falling (p=0.019) and with mild (p<0.001) and severe (p<0.001) depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION depressive symptoms were associated with a worse life satisfaction and health self-assessment.
Occlusal Outcome of Orthodontic Treatment for Patients With Complete Cleft Lip and Palate

Aim: To assess occlusal outcomes of orthodontic treatment for patients with complete cleft lip and palate. Design: Retrospective assessment using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index. Setting: Consecutive patients treated by one consultant orthodontist at a tertiary care cleft center. Participants: One hundred twenty-seven patients with either complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) or bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) consecutively treated with fixed appliances. Intervention: Fixed orthodontic appliance treatment and orthognathic surgery when required. Outcomes: The PAR index assessment was carried out by a calibrated-independent assessor. Treatment duration, the number of patient visits, and data on dental anomalies were drawn from patient records and radiographs. Results: One hundred two patients’ study models were assessed after exclusions. Mean start PAR score for UCLP (n = 71) was 43.9 (95% CI, 41.2-46.6, SD 11.5), with a mean score reduction of 84.3% (95% CI, 81.9-86.7, SD 10.1). The UCLP mean treatment time was 23.7 months with 20.1 appointments. Mean start PAR score for BCLP (n = 31) was 43.4 (95% CI, 39.2-47.6, SD 11.4), with a mean score reduction of 80.9% (95% CI, 76.3-85.5, SD 12.5). The BCLP mean treatment time was 27.8 months with 20.5 appointments. Conclusion: These results compare well with other outcome reports, including those for patients without a cleft, and reflect the standard of care provided by an experienced cleft orthodontist. As with high-volume surgeons, orthodontic treatment for this high need group is favorable when provided by a high-volume orthodontist. These findings may be used for comparative audit with similar units providing cleft care.
Large-Scale and Multiscale Networks in the Rodent Brain during Novelty Exploration

Abstract Neural activity is coordinated across multiple spatial and temporal scales, and these patterns of coordination are implicated in both healthy and impaired cognitive operations. However, empirical cross-scale investigations are relatively infrequent, because of limited data availability and to the difficulty of analyzing rich multivariate datasets. Here, we applied frequency-resolved multivariate source-separation analyses to characterize a large-scale dataset comprising spiking and local field potential (LFP) activity recorded simultaneously in three brain regions (prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, hippocampus) in freely-moving mice. We identified a constellation of multidimensional, inter-regional networks across a range of frequencies (2–200 Hz). These networks were reproducible within animals across different recording sessions, but varied across different animals, suggesting individual variability in network architecture. The theta band (∼4–10 Hz) networks had several prominent features, including roughly equal contribution from all regions and strong inter-network synchronization. Overall, these findings demonstrate a multidimensional landscape of large-scale functional activations of cortical networks operating across multiple spatial, spectral, and temporal scales during open-field exploration.
MicroRNA‐216a targets WT1 expression and regulates KRT7 transcription to mediate the progression of pancreatic cancer—A transcriptome analysis

Gene expression profiling has been broadly performed in the field of cancer research. This study aims to explore the key gene regulatory network and focuses on the functions of microRNA (miR)‐216a in pancreatic cancer (PC). PC datasets GSE15471, GSE16515, and GSE32676 were used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PC. A miRNA microarray analysis and gene oncology analysis suggested miR‐216a as an important differentially expressed miRNA in PC. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis suggested that miR‐216a and the DEGs are largely enriched on the phosphatidyl inositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. miR‐216a targeted Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1), while WT1 promoted transcription activity of keratin 7 (KRT7). Upregulation of miR‐216a reduced proliferation and invasiveness of PC cells, while further upregulation of WT1 blocked the functions of miR‐216a. Silencing of KRT7 diminished the oncogenic role of WT1. The in vitro results were reproduced in vivo. High expression of miR‐216a while poor expression of WT1 indicated better prognosis of PC patients. The miR‐216a/WT1/KRT7 axis influenced the activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway. To conclude, this study evidenced that miR‐216a suppressed WT1 expression and blocked KRT7 transcription, which inactivated the PI3K/AKT signaling and reduced PC progression.