Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Role of Maintenance TMS Protocols for Major Depression: Systematic Review and Future Perspectives for Personalized Interventions

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been approved by the FDA as an effective intervention for Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). However, there is little evidence about maintenance protocol necessity. The aim of this systematic review is to identify, characterize, and evaluate the current maintenance TMS protocols for MDD and TRD patients who have received acute treatment. A literature search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines of 2015 on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for publications up to March 2022. Fourteen articles were included. High protocol heterogeneity was observed. Most studies highlighted significant efficacy of maintenance protocols in decreasing relapse risk, suggesting that administering two or fewer stimulations per month is ineffective in sustaining an antidepressant effect or in reducing the risk of relapse in responder patients. The risk of relapse was most pronounced after five months from the acute treatment. Maintenance TMS appears to be a resourceful strategy to maintain acute antidepressant treatment effects, significantly reducing relapse risk. The ease of administering and the ability to monitor treatment adherence should be considered when evaluating the future use of maintenance TMS protocols. Further studies are needed to clarify the clinical relevance of overlapping acute TMS effects with maintenance protocols and to evaluate their long-term effectiveness.
Factors that Make Pupils have High Motivation in Learning History: Pupils' Perspectives

This study aims to explore the factors that make pupils have high motivation in learning History at Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Bonus. The objectives of this study are to explore the factors that contribute to high motivation in learning History among Year 5 pupils at Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Bonus and to identify the most dominant factor in intrinsic and extrinsic motivation among pupils in learning History. The participants of this study consisted of 5 pupils from year 6 primary students in Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Bonus who have been selected using grades which are 3 best pupils, 1 average and 1 below average pupil in learning History. This research instrument is an adapted semi-structured question to collect narrative data which has been validated by content experts and has good reliability value. Data collected was analysed using a thematic approach. This research has applied the Gardner (2005) Motivation Theory in observing the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to high motivation of pupils in learning History. The findings show that extrinsic factors influenced students' high motivation and interest more towards learning History. Extrinsic factors are external to the student and can include rewards, praise, recognition, which can motivate students to learn History. This study has helped identify several important factors, namely personal attitude, teacher influence, friends influence and parental influence which are among the factors that can contribute to pupils’ high motivation in learning History. Factor which is teachers’ assistance has predominantly become the main factors in learning History. Despite the weak relationship, these findings support teachers' attention to the factors that con tribute to students’ high motivation in an effort to improve student performance in learning. This study found that extrinsic factors play a significant role in motivating students to learn History. Further research can investigate the specific types of extrinsic factors that are most effective in motivating students to learn History.
Particle implantation combined with chemotherapy for rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck: A 8‐year long‐term follow‐up case report

Abstract Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs) are highly malignant soft‐tissue sarcomas. Head and neck RMSs often pose unique challenges to treatment because of their closeness to important structures. We here report a rare case of a 1‐year‐old boy with a 1‐month history of right eye swelling and an eye mass. Biopsy of deep tumors in the maxillofacial region supports embryonal RMS. Postoperative positron emission computed tomography showed a 5.0 cm × 4.8 cm × 4.2 cm malignant tumor in the right maxillary region. In accordance with the international RMS study group guideline, the child was diagnosed with IIIa and TNM stage T2bN1M1 embryonal RMS. The child was treated with a combination of chemotherapy and 125I seed implantation radiotherapy and eventually achieved partial remission. This case report shows that 125I seed implantation is a safe and effective means of delivering radiotherapy to young children with head and neck RMSs. It may be an option for children with RMSs for whom surgery or external radiotherapy is unsuitable.
The Resonant Substructure of Strange B Meson Within the Scale-Symmetric Physics

Here, the resonant substructure of strange B meson is studied. The study is based on the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST) i.e. the lacking part of Theory of Everything. The Kasner solutions to the vacuum Einstein equations via the succeeding phase transitions of the superluminal non-gravitating Higgs field lead to the structure of the core of baryons and next to the atom-like structure of baryons. Here, within the phenomena characteristic for the core of baryons, we calculated the masses of the spin-1 and spin-3 charmed, strange D resonances with a mass of 2860 MeV. The calculated masses are respectively 2858.5 MeV and 2860.8 MeV (they are very close to the experimental central values) whereas to obtain the exact spins equal to 1 and 3 we need a broadening of masses respectively about +- 5.3 MeV and +- 0.9 MeV and it is as well consistent with experimental data.
A Tunable Measure of 3D Compactness

The field of shape description can be applied in domains ranging from medicine to engineering. Defining new metrics may allow to better describe shapes. It is therefore an essential process of development of the field. In this work, a new family of compactness metrics is introduced. It is proven that they range over (0, 1] and are translation, rotation and scaling independent. The sphere is the shape that has the smallest volume for a fixed surface, this is a definition of compactness. Therefore, the metrics of this family are called compactness measures since they all reach 1 if and only if the considered shape is a sphere. The different metrics of the family are obtained by the modification of a parameter β involved in the mathematical definition of the metric. They are proven to be different from each other and a thorough study of their behaviour resulted in the formulation of two interesting conjectures concerning the limit cases of β. Finally several experiments investigate how McGill’s database classes of shapes are represented when using the new family.
A regularity condition of strong solutions to the two‐dimensional equations of compressible nematic liquid crystal flows

This paper is concerned with the short time strong solutions for Cauchy problem to a simplified Ericksen–Leslie system of compressible nematic liquid crystals in two dimensions with vacuum as far field density. We establish a blow‐up criterion for possible breakdown of such solutions at a finite time, which is analogous to the well‐known Serrin's blow‐up criterion for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plectranthus amboinicus and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oils effects on performance, antioxidant activity, intestinal health, immune response, and plasma biochemistry in broiler chickens

Abstract This work aimed to assess the effects of Plectranthus amboinicus essential oil (PAE) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oil (ROE) as feed additives on performance, antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota, intestinal morphology, immune response, and plasma biochemistry using 320 unsexed 1‐day‐old Ross 308 broiler chickens. The chickens were assigned randomly into four treatments containing eight replicates with 10 chickens each. Treatment diets included a basal diet as a control group, 100 mg/kg PAE, 200 mg/kg PAE, and 100 mg/kg ROE. ROE affected the growth performance in the starter phase by improving (p = .01) the feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control diet. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the plasma were elevated (p < .0001) by both feed additives. Supplementation of additives could increase (p < .006) total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA) values in the breast (p < .0001) and thigh (p < .001) for all supplemented diets were less than the control group. The essential oils (EOs) reduced (p < .005) coliform counts in the ileum and increased (p = .029) lactic acid bacteria counts. In addition, villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) increased, whereas the density of goblet cells decreased in the small intestine when feed additives were included. Also, the antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were increased (p < .0001) by EOs. Plasma total protein (p = .04) and globulin (p = .02) were increased, and cholesterol was reduced (p = .002) by supplemented diets. Our study revealed that PAE could effectively improve the antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota population, intestinal morphology, immune response, and plasma biochemistry parameters in broiler chickens.
Effect of Different Packaging Films and Cold Storage Durations on Keeping Quality of Gladiolus Cut Spikes

The effect of different packaging films and cold storage durations (5, 10 and 15 day) at 6–10°C temperature on flower quality of gladiolus cut spikes cv. Peater Pears was investigated. Among different packaging films (cellophane, polypropylene, newspaper, butter paper, brown paper and plastic coated brown paper), polypropylene and plastic coated paper packaging proved promising in augmenting the keeping quality of cut spikes. The keeping quality of unpackaged cold stored cut spikes was highly deteriorated and decreased with increase in storage duration. Polypropylene or plastic coated paper packaged and cold cut spikes recorded maximum water uptake with improved per cent bud opening per spike and maximum number of open florets at a time per spike as compared to the other packaging films and unpackaged stored cut spikes. Polypropylene packaging, further improved floret diameter, tepal length as well as width. Anthocyanins and carotenes pigments were also well retained in the tepals of polypropylene and plastic coated paper packaged cold stored spikes. Cold storage of spikes for 10 day with polypropylene packaging maintained good keeping quality with improved floret opening, floret size and tepal colour. Thus, gladiolus spikes can be stored up to 10 day in modified atmosphere packaging with polypropylene (60 u) film.
Low-order aberration correction with a membrane deformable mirror for adaptive optics

A breadboard test model of an adaptive optics system was implemented to evaluate the capability of a 37 channel deformable mirror (OKO Technologies) to correct optical aberrations. The main purpose was to investigate low-order correction capability of the mirror for adaptive optics applications in vision science. A Hartmann sensor was used to sample the wavefronts and commercial software was used for closed-loop control of the mirror. Spherical and cylindrical ophthalmic test lenses were used to produce distorted wavefronts to be corrected by the deformable mirror. An open-loop solution was also implemented to evaluate the mirror’s capability of reproducing wavefronts containing single Zernike coefficients (second to fifth order). It was found that the mirror could correct up to±2.25 D pure spherical refractive power and up to ±1.25 D pure cylindrical refractive power, using a scaling of the beam adjusted to a pupil size in normal bright viewing conditions. A wavefront was considered to be well corrected if the Strehl ratio was greater than 0.8 after correction. The capability of reproducing a certain Zernike term decreases with increasing term order. However, terms with a monotonically increasing radial factor were easier to produce than terms with multiple radial maxima or minima. The mirror was not equally good at compensating or reproducing wavefronts with opposite signs (a consequence of the mirror not being biased at half the maximum deflection, the mirror deflection not being directly proportional to the applied voltage, and in the open-loop case, deviations from the linear behaviour assumed in the influence matrix). Although the mirror has a limited dynamic range it is quite capable of removing residual lower order aberrations in an adaptive optical system.
Gender Congruency Effects in Spanish: Behavioral Evidence from Noun Phrase Production

Grammatical gender as a lexico-syntactic feature has been well explored, and the gender congruency effect has been observed in many languages (e.g., Dutch, German, Croatian, Czech, etc.). Yet, so far, this effect has not been found in Romance languages such as Italian, French, and Spanish. It has been argued that the absence of the effect in Romance languages is due the fact that the gender-marking definite article is not exclusively dependent on the grammatical gender of the head noun, but also on its onset phonology (e.g., lo zucchero is ‘the sugar’ in Italian, not il zucchero, il being the default masculine determiner in Italian). For Spanish, this argument has also been made because feminine words starting with a stressed /a/ take the masculine article (e.g., el água is ‘the water’, not la água). However, the number of words belonging to that set is rather small in Spanish, and it may be questionable whether or not this feature can be taken as an argument for the absence of a gender congruency effect in Spanish. In this study, we investigated the gender congruency effect in native Spanish noun phrase production. We measured 30 native Spanish speakers’ naming latencies in four conditions via the picture–word interference paradigm by manipulating gender congruency (i.e., gender-congruent vs. gender-incongruent) and semantic relatedness (i.e., semantically related vs. semantically unrelated). The results revealed significantly longer naming latencies in gender-incongruent and semantically related conditions compared to gender-congruent and semantically unrelated conditions. This result suggests that grammatical gender as a lexico-syntactic feature in Spanish is used to competitively select determiners in native Spanish speakers’ noun phrases. Our findings provide an important behavioral piece of evidence for the gender congruency effect in Romance languages.
Effect of Hemolysis Regarding the Characterization and Prognostic Relevance of Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation with Extracorporeal Circulation (eCPR)

Background: Hemolysis, a common adverse event associated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO), may affect neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels and potentially confound its prognostic value in predicting neurological outcomes in resuscitated patients without return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) that require extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR). Therefore, a better understanding of the relationship between hemolysis and NSE levels could help to improve the accuracy of NSE as a prognostic marker in this patient population. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients who received a VA-ECMO for eCPR between 2004 and 2021 and were treated in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of the University Hospital Jena. The outcome was measured clinically by using the Cerebral Performance Category Scale (CPC) four weeks after eCPR. The serum concentration of NSE (baseline until 96 h) was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To evaluate the ability of individual NSE measurements to discriminate, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated. Serum-free hemoglobin (fHb, baseline until 96 h) served as a marker for identifying a confounding effect of parallel hemolysis. Results: 190 patients were included in our study. A total of 86.8% died within 4 weeks after ICU admission or remained unconscious (CPC 3–5), and 13.2% survived with a residual mild to moderate neurological deficit (CPC 1–2). Starting 24h after CPR, NSE was significantly lower and continued to decrease in patients with CPC 1–2 compared to the group with an unfavorable outcome of CPC 3–5. In addition, when evaluating on the basis of receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), relevant and stable area under the curve (AUC) values for NSE could be calculated (48 h: 0.85 // 72 h: 0.84 // 96 h: 0.80; p < 0.01), and on the basis of a binary logistic regression model, relevant odds ratios for the NSE values were found even after adjusting for fHb regarding the prediction of an unfavorable outcome of CPC 3–5. The respective adjusted AUCs of the combined predictive probabilities were significant (48 h: 0.79 // 72 h: 0.76 // 96 h: 0.72; p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Our study confirms NSE as a reliable prognostic marker for poor neurological outcomes in resuscitated patients receiving VA-ECMO therapy. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that potential hemolysis during VA-ECMO does not significantly impact NSE’s prognostic value. These findings are crucial for clinical decision making and prognostic assessment in this patient population.
A Historical Overview on the Role of Hepatitis B and C Viruses as Aetiological Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Simple Summary Hepatitis viruses are key actors in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the leading causes of death in cancer. From the discovery of hepatitis viruses, many steps in this research field have been made. In this expert narrative review, the pathway leading to the actual public health figures is put in a historical perspective, and future scenarios are imagined for the coming years based on new technology and biological knowledge. Understanding the historical context of the role of hepatitis viruses in the development of HCC is important for improving our comprehension of the mechanisms by which these viruses contribute to cancer development, expanding strategies for prevention and treatment, and improving public health policies to reduce the burden of HCC in populations with high rates of viral hepatitis. Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Currently, HBV-related HCC predominates in Sub-Saharan Africa and South-East-Asia, while HCV-related HCC predominates in northern Africa and in the western world. Liver cirrhosis is the underlying condition in most HBV cases and in nearly all HCV cases. Several cofactors, viral and non-viral, play a role in the progression toward HCC: dual HBV/HCV infection, HDV, HIV, alcohol intake, smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and NAFLD/NASH. HBV vaccine is effective in preventing both infection and HCC; antiviral drugs may suppress HBV replication and eradicate HCV infection, halting progression to HCC. Inequalities exist between high- and low-income countries with respect to vaccine availability and access to antivirals. These factors represent barriers to the control of HCC incidence. Lack of an effective vaccine against HCV is also a serious barrier to HCV elimination and HCC prevention. The most crucial steps and knowledge that have arisen over time on the association between the two major hepatotropic viruses and HCC are discussed in this historical review.
Phytochemical Characterization and Assessment of Hygrophila auriculata (Buch. -Ham) Leaves for Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity

et al. : Characterization and Pharmaceutical Assessment of Hygrophila auriculata Leaves Hygrophila auriculata is a thorny sub-shrub of the family Acanthaceae. It is a potent medicinal plant in the Indian systems of medicine with various therapeutic uses, from simple management of infections to treatment of diseases. The present study was conducted to investigate the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the leaves of Hygrophila auriculata . The screening of various phytochemicals was performed using a standard procedure and the characterization was analyzed with spectral studies. The pharmacological investigation includes antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extract. Antioxidant activity was carried out using 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay. Antimicrobial activity was done by the agar well diffusion method. The phytochemical screening detected alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, carbohydrates and saponins. The 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl antioxidant assay reveals that the extract had a considerable scavenging capacity. It was found that the reducing power of different concentrations of the leaf extract was remarkable. Antimicrobial tests revealed that the leaf extract was active against selected Gram-positive bacteria ( Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus ) and few fungal species ( Aspergillus sp.). These findings disclosed that the Hygrophila auriculata leaves have various phytotherapeutic activities and the compounds identified using the gas chromatography were responsible for the above activities. Thus, it would be helpful to isolate the compounds responsible for the bioactivities in the future for treatment of various ailments.
Both Nuclear and Membrane Estrogen Receptor Alpha Impact the Expression of Estrogen Receptors and Plasticity Markers in the Mouse Hypothalamus and Hippocampus

Simple Summary The diversity of membrane and nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) expression in the brain suggests numerous roles for estrogens throughout life. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of selective expression of membrane-only ERα (MOER) or nuclear-only ERα (NOER) on the distributions of proteins known to be involved in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) function and estrogen-mediated plasticity in the hippocampus. We found that, although the PVN has both membrane and nuclear ERα, only loss of nuclear ERα impacted ERβ expression. In hippocampal CA1, an area with primarily extranuclear ERα, and the dentate gyrus, which contains nuclear and extranuclear ERα and ERβ, a marker of plasticity (phosphorylated Trkb) changed with both membrane and nuclear receptor loss, but the direction of the change was region-specific. In the hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA3 regions, where there is less ERα expression overall, loss of nuclear or membrane ERα appeared to have less impact on plasticity markers. Altogether, this work generates new questions about the functions of membrane and nuclear ERs in the development of the brain and actions in adulthood. Abstract Estrogens via estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) genomic and nongenomic signaling can influence plasticity processes in numerous brain regions. Using mice that express nuclear only ERα (NOER) or membrane only ERα (MOER), this study examined the effect of receptor compartmentalization on the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and the hippocampus. The absence of nuclear and membrane ERα expression impacted females but not males in these two brain areas. In the PVN, quantitative immunohistochemistry showed that the absence of nuclear ERα increased nuclear ERβ. Moreover, in the hippocampus CA1, immuno-electron microscopy revealed that the absence of either nuclear or membrane ERα decreased extranuclear ERα and pTrkB in synapses. In contrast, in the dentate gyrus, the absence of nuclear ERα increased pTrkB in synapses, whereas the absence of membrane ERα decreased pTrkB in axons. However, the absence of membrane only ERα decreased the sprouting of mossy fibers in CA3 as reflected by changes in zinc transporter immunolabeling. Altogether these findings support the idea that both membrane and nuclear ERα contribute overlapping and unique actions of estrogen that are tissue- and cellular-specific.