Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infomax Control of Eye Movements

Recently, infomax methods of optimal control have begun to reshape how we think about active information gathering. We show how such methods can be used to formulate the problem of choosing where to look. We show how an optimal eye movement controller can be learned from subjective experiences of information gathering, and we explore in simulation properties of the optimal controller. This controller outperforms other eye movement strategies proposed in the literature. The learned eye movement strategies are tailored to the specific visual system of the learner-we show that agents with different kinds of eyes should follow different eye movement strategies. Then we use these insights to build an autonomous computer program that follows this approach and learns to search for faces in images faster than current state-of-the-art techniques. The context of these results is search in static scenes, but the approach extends easily, and gives further efficiency gains, to dynamic tracking tasks. A limitation of infomax methods is that they require probabilistic models of uncertainty of the sensory system, the motor system, and the external world. In the final section of this paper, we propose future avenues of research by which autonomous physical agents may use developmental experience to subjectively characterize the uncertainties they face.
Rotundifuran, a labdane type diterpene from Vitex rotundifolia, induces apoptosis in human myeloid leukaemia cells

The inhibitory effect of rotundifuran, a labdane type diterpene isolated from the fruit of Vitex rotundifolia, on the proliferation of human myeloid leukaemia HL‐60 cells was examined. The concentration required for 50% inhibition of the growth after 96 h was 22.5 µM. The mode of cell death induced by rotundifuran was found to be apoptosis, which was judged by the morphological alteration of the cells and by the detection of DNA fragmentation using agarose gel electrophoresis. The degree of apoptosis was quantified by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay and flowcytometric analysis. These results suggest that rotundifuran may be used as a potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Routines as Shock Absorbers During Organizational Transformation: Integration, Control, and NASA's Enterprise Information System

Integration and control are pivotal goals of enterprise information system implementations. However, misalignments inevitably occur between the system and organizational practices, and these misalignments are generally thought to undermine the goals of integration and control. We report on a longitudinal study of NASA’s enterprise information system implementation, and we focus on how misalignments in procurement and project management routines affect integration and control. We show how different elements of routines dynamically adjust over time to enable stable system implementation, increasing integration and control throughout the agency. Greater integration and control on the organizational level were enabled by less-than-complete integration and control at the local level. Dynamically adjusting routines serve as “shock absorbers” that on one hand help promote the stability necessary for organization-wide enterprise-system-driven control and integration, and on the other hand allow for local self-organization.
Study of soft sensor modeling based on deep learning

Soft sensor are widely used to estimate process variables which are difficult to measure online in industrial process control. This paper proposes a new soft sensor modeling method based on a deep learning method, which integrates denoising auto-encoders (DAE) with support vector regression (SVR) method. The denoising auto-encoders are designed to capture robust high-level feature representation of import data and the SVR model is employed to precisely estimate output data based on the feature representation obtained from DAE. In case study, the method combining denoising auto-encoders with support vector regression (DAE-SVR) is applied to the estimation of oxygen-content in flue gasses in ultra-supercritical units. The results show DAE-SVR is a promising modeling method for soft sensors.
Clustered Common Spatial Patterns

We propose to cluster class-wise covariance matrices in order to identify different groups of covariances contributing to the same condition. Each cluster represents a different brain pattern associated with one class. Further, we present Clustered Common Spatial Patterns, a new algorithm that applies this technique prior to CSP. We show that CCSP can outperform CSP in a binary imagery movement task. Although in this work we consider only the case of CSP, this clustering technique could also be used to improve other feature extraction methods.
Diversity of the Pacific–Japan Pattern among CMIP5 Models: Role of SST Anomalies and Atmospheric Mean Flow

This study investigates the reproducibility of the spatial structure and amplitude of the observed Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern in the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models. In particular, the role of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) and atmospheric mean flow in the diverse reproducibility of the PJ pattern among models is investigated. Based on the pattern correlation between simulated and observed PJ patterns, models are categorized into high and low correlation groups, referred to as HCG and LCG, respectively. The observed cold SSTAs in the western North Pacific (WNP) and equatorial central Pacific, organized convection and precipitation anomalies, and Rossby wave response are reproduced well in HCG models, whereas these features are not present in LCG models. The summer SSTAs are closely tied to the preceding El Niño–Southern Oscillation and its temporal evolution in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean in both observations and models, but the SSTAs in the Indian Ocean are weak in both HCG and LCG, implying a weak Indian Ocean capacitor effect. As a result, the reproducibility of the amplitude of the WNP center of the PJ pattern is mainly modulated by the SSTAs and local air–sea feedback over the WNP in the models. On the other hand, a model with stronger climatological southerly along the coast of East Asia tends to produce more realistic amplitude of the midlatitude center of the PJ pattern with clearer poleward wave-activity fluxes due to more efficient local barotropic energy conversion from the mean flow.
Low-Rank Mechanism: Optimizing Batch Queries under Differential Privacy

Differential privacy is a promising privacy-preserving paradigm for statistical query processing over sensitive data. It works by injecting random noise into each query result, such that it is provably hard for the adversary to infer the presence or absence of any individual record from the published noisy results. The main objective in differentially private query processing is to maximize the accuracy of the query results, while satisfying the privacy guarantees. Previous work, notably the matrix mechanism [16], has suggested that processing a batch of correlated queries as a whole can potentially achieve considerable accuracy gains, compared to answering them individually. However, as we point out in this paper, the matrix mechanism is mainly of theoretical interest; in particular, several inherent problems in its design limit its accuracy in practice, which almost never exceeds that of naive methods. In fact, we are not aware of any existing solution that can effectively optimize a query batch under differential privacy. Motivated by this, we propose the Low-Rank Mechanism (LRM), the first practical differentially private technique for answering batch queries with high accuracy, based on a low rank approximation of the workload matrix. We prove that the accuracy provided by LRM is close to the theoretical lower bound for any mechanism to answer a batch of queries under differential privacy. Extensive experiments using real data demonstrate that LRM consistently outperforms state-of-the-art query processing solutions under differential privacy, by large margins.
International genetic evaluations for udder health traits in dairy cattle

The aim of this thesis was to investigate different approaches for international genetic evaluations of dairy sires for udder health traits. For this purpose, deregressed national genetic evaluations were used of Holstein milk somatic cell (SC) from 12 countries, clinical mastitis (CM) from 3 of these countries as well as Ayrshire fore udder attachment from 9 weakly linked countries. Deregression and multiple-trait across-country genetic evaluations (MACE) worked satisfactorily for a lowly heritable trait (h2=0.02) such as CM. The across-country genetic correlations ranged from 0.47 to 0.97 (median = 0.88) for SC and from 0.59 to 0.89 for CM. International genetic udder health evaluations enable more efficient global selection than selection based on national evaluations. The predictive ability and reliability of international genetic evaluations were improved by including multiple traits per country (CM and SC) in international genetic evaluations. The advantage of analysing SC and CM simultaneously was most noticeable for young bulls with daughters in countries not using the within-country correlation structure in their national genetic evaluation and for prediction of CM. The average reliability of international breeding values for young bulls with most daughters in Sweden increased from 18 to 25% on Nordic CM scales. Estimates of the same genetic correlation differed considerably (up to 1.03 units) depending on estimation strategy when genetic ties between the respective pairs of countries were weak. The use of prior genetic parameters improved the predictive ability of international breeding values for weakly linked populations, especially when the uncertainty of the (co)variances was considered, i.e. in fully Bayesian MACE. For young bulls on foreign scales, the predictive ability of such analyses was 11 to 15% higher than for traditional MACE. The recommendations are that deregressed national genetic evaluations should be used as dependent variables in MACE, that multiple-trait MACE should be used for international genetic udder health evaluations, and that prior genetic correlations should be considered. The implication is that global selection against CM will be more effective, which can reduce the use of antibiotics globally.
A Dynein Light Chain Is Essential for the Retrograde Particle Movement of Intraflagellar Transport (IFT)

Several enzymes, including cytoplasmic and flagellar outer arm dynein, share an M r 8,000 light chain termed LC8. The function of this chain is unknown, but it is highly conserved between a wide variety of organisms. We have identified deletion alleles of the gene (fla14) encoding this protein in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. These mutants have short, immotile flagella with deficiencies in radial spokes, in the inner and outer arms, and in the beak-like projections in the B tubule of the outer doublet microtubules. Most dramatically, the space between the doublet microtubules and the flagellar membrane contains an unusually high number of rafts, the particles translocated by intraflagellar transport (IFT) (Kozminski, K.G., P.L. Beech, and J.L. Rosenbaum. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 131:1517–1527). IFT is a rapid bidirectional movement of rafts under the flagellar membrane along axonemal microtubules. Anterograde IFT is dependent on a kinesin whereas the motor for retrograde IFT is unknown. Anterograde IFT is normal in the LC8 mutants but retrograde IFT is absent; this undoubtedly accounts for the accumulation of rafts in the flagellum. This is the first mutation shown to specifically affect retrograde IFT; the fact that LC8 loss affects retrograde IFT strongly suggests that cytoplasmic dynein is the motor that drives this process. Concomitant with the accumulation of rafts, LC8 mutants accumulate proteins that are components of the 15-16S IFT complexes (Cole, D.G., D.R. Deiner, A.L. Himelblau, P.L. Beech, J.C. Fuster, and J.L. Rosenbaum. 1998. J. Cell Biol. 141:993–1008), confirming that these complexes are subunits of the rafts. Polystyrene microbeads are still translocated on the surface of the flagella of LC8 mutants, indicating that the motor for flagellar surface motility is different than the motor for retrograde IFT.
Genetic algorithm based clustering approach for wireless sensor network to optimize routing techniques

Since last decade, our eye witnessed proofs that Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been used in many areas like health care, agriculture, defense, military, disaster hit areas and so on. The key parameters that play a major role in designing a protocol for WSNs are its energy efficiency and computational feasibility, as sensor nodes are resource constrained. Variation in sensor nodes distance from base station and inter node distances primarily cause unequal energy consumption among the sensor nodes. The energy consumption varies with time and causes degradation of system performance. LEACH is the first ever clustered based routing protocol which provides elegant solutions, suffers from the drawback due to the randomized cluster head (CH) election. Assuming serious energy rebalancing with traditional clustering algorithm, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based clustering algorithm which evaluates the fitness function by considering the two major parameters distance and energy has been proposed in this paper. GA is a probabilistic search based algorithm based on the principle of natural selection and evolution. Simulation result proofs that the proposed protocol performs better than LEACH protocol and enhances the network lifetime.
Early genetic evaluation of morphology and some wood properties of Tectona grandis L. clones

Abstract An early genetic evaluation of morphology and wood properties of Tectona grandis L. (teak) used two 4-yr-old trials with 36 clones x 3 blocks x 1 ramet (216 trees). Morphologic traits (breast height (DBH), heartwood (HWP), tree height) and some easily measured wood properties (specify gravity, tangential, radial and volumetric shrinkage; growth strain, and dynamic elastic modulus measured in standing tree, in logs, in green lumber and in dried lumber) were evaluated to establish clonal variations and their heritabilities. The broadsense heritability (Ĥ2 is greater than 0.3 for DBH, radial and volume shrinkage, growth strain and dynamic elastic modulus of standing trees and logs. DBH and tree height were not genetically correlated with any wood properties, although DBH was genetically correlated with tree height and the dynamic elastic modulus in dried-lumber. According with above results, the evaluation of heritability and genetic control of wood properties is limited when it is evaluated in the juvenile stage of T. grandis clones. However morphology (DBH and tree height), and two wood properties (radial and tangential shrinkage) and the dynamic elastic modulus of dried-lumber present opportunities in the heritability or genetic control values in juvenile and they can be introduced in the genetic program.
A Controlled Fragment of DRT

First-order logic (FOL) is undecidable — that is, no algorithm exists that can decide whether a formula of FOL is valid or not. However, there are various fragments of FOL that are known to be decidable. FO, the two-variable fragment of FOL, is one of such languages [1, 2]. FO is a first-order language where formulas have maximally two variables, no function symbols, but possibly do have equality. FO has the finite model property [1], which means that if a formula of FO is satisfiable, it is satisfiable in a finite model. In this paper we propose a controlled fragment of Discourse Representation Theory (DRT, [3]) with a semantics formalised on the basis of the two-variable fragment with equality. DRT encapsulates the idea of text interpretation that “one and the same structure serves simultaneously as content and context” [4], where content refers to the semantic interpretation of sentences already processed, and context serves in aiding the interpretation of anaphoric expressions in subsequent sentences. However, providing a two-variable natural language fragment is, in itself, not a new idea. In fact, the framework presented here is very much inspired by Ian Pratt-Hartmann’s language E2V [5]. But as Pratt-Hartmann himself notes, E2V is “certainly not proposed as a useful controlled language”. Our aim is to try to find out how useful a controlled language based on the two-variable fragment actually can be, mostly from a computational linguistic point of view. We will do this by:
Influence of winter stress and plastic tunnels on yield and quality of spinach, pak choi, radish, and carrot

Plastic tunnels are the viable options for the successful production of cold-tolerant vegetables during cold months of the milder climate regions. However, growing vegetables in northern climates can be a challenge because of long and severe winters. Therefore, we conducted a plastic tunnels study on carrot, radish, spinach, and pak choi in northern Wyoming, USA to explore the viability and quality of the vegetable production under winter stress. The objective was to quantify the effect of different season extension methods on the produce yield, its total phenol content, and antioxidant activity. The experiment consisted of three tunnel systems: high tunnel (Ht), low tunnel (Lt), and low tunnel within high tunnel (LtHt). We were able to harvest vegetables in the freezing November of Wyoming. Spinach, and pak choi had markedly higher yield in LtHt (6,410 kg ha-1 spinach and 20,644 kg ha-1 pak choi) than Ht (4,574 kg ha-1 for spinach and 12,076 kg ha-1 for pak choi) and Lt (3,253 kg ha-1 spinach and 8,242 kg ha-1 pak choi). The concentrations of nutrients in the vegetables weren’t affected by the tunnel systems. Greater antioxidant activity of pak choi was evident in Ht than in Lt and LtHt. This experiment demonstrated that challenges of severe winter for growing cool-season vegetables can be mitigated largely by opting for LtHt rather than Lt or Ht alone.
Panorama dos resíduos sólidos no Brasil: uma discussão sobre a evolução dos dados no período 2003 2014

Urban Solid Waste (USW) management represents a world challenge. In Brazil, the theme’s extemporaneous approach creates a discrepancy among laws, information and data collection, which are scarce and deficient. This paper analyzes the availability and reliability of unofficial data on generation and collection of USW between 2003 and 2014. Documental research on the Brazilian Solid Waste Panorama Reports was done, as well as an analysis of the used methodologies. Initially the Panorama was based on official data, analyzed together with primary data. From 2008 on the analysis basis has considered primary data statistically treated through extrapolation. The use of this method created inconsistency on the data and calculation basis, preventing standardization. Apart from these limitations and inconsistencies, the Panorama complements official data. Nevertheless, caution is necessary in the use of these data, considering the observed method and inconsistencies.
A Kind of Wireless Sensor Network Coverage Optimization Algorithm Based on Genetic PSO

Aiming to the problems of slow convergence speed and being easily early-maturing etc. in existing network based on standard particle swarm algorithm, this paper proposes a wireless sensor network coverage optimization algorithm based on the genetic particle swarm optimization (PSO). The wireless sensor maximum coverage is regarded as the objective function, the genetic algorithm with adaptive crossover and mutation factors is used to search the solution space, and the powerful global search ability of PSO is used to increase search scope to make particle covering more efficient, which both strengthen algorithm optimization ability, improve the nodes coverage, and solve early-mature problem. Comparing with the standard traditional genetic algorithm and new quantum genetic algorithm, simulation results present that the rate of coverage in this algorithm increases by 2.28 % and 0.65 % respectively; and convergence speed is also improved, therefore this method can effectively realize the wireless sensor network coverage optimization. Copyright © 2013 IFSA.
The Structure of General Interference Functions and Applications

This paper provides a theoretical framework for the analysis of interference-coupled multiuser systems. The fundamental behavior of such a system is modeled by interference functions, defined by axioms ldquononnegativity, rdquoscale-invariance,rdquo and ldquomonotonicity.rdquo It is shown that every interference function has an interpretation as the optimum of a min-max problem, where the optimization is over a closed comprehensive positive coefficient set. This provides new insight into the structure of general interference functions and its elementary building blocks. Conversely, it is shown that every closed comprehensive positive set can be expressed as a level set of an interference function. This shows a close connection between the analysis of interference functions and multiuser performance regions, which are typically closed comprehensive. The generality of this framework allows for a wide range of potential applications. As an example, we analyze the problem of interference balancing.
A Rotor Flux Estimation During Zero and Active Vector Periods Using Current Error Space Vector From a Hysteresis Controller for a Sensorless Vector Control of IM Drive

This paper proposes a sensorless vector control scheme for general-purpose induction motor drives using the current error space phasor-based hysteresis controller. In this paper, a new technique for sensorless operation is developed to estimate rotor voltage and hence rotor flux position using the stator current error during zero-voltage space vectors. It gives a comparable performance with the vector control drive using sensors especially at a very low speed of operation (less than 1 Hz). Since no voltage sensing is made, the dead-time effect and loss of accuracy in voltage sensing at low speed are avoided here, with the inherent advantages of the current error space phasor-based hysteresis controller. However, appropriate device on-state drops are compensated to achieve a steady-state operation up to less than 1 Hz. Moreover, using a parabolic boundary for current error, the switching frequency of the inverter can be maintained constant for the entire operating speed range. Simple σLs estimation is proposed, and the parameter sensitivity of the control scheme to changes in stator resistance, Rs is also investigated in this paper. Extensive experimental results are shown at speeds less than 1 Hz to verify the proposed concept. The same control scheme is further extended from less than 1 Hz to rated 50 Hz six-step operation of the inverter. Here, the magnetic saturation is ignored in the control scheme.