Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional Analysis of Air Flow in a Flat Plate Solar Collector

This paper presents the study of fluid flow and heat transfer in solar flat plate collector by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) which reduces time and cost. In the present paper the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool has been used to simulate the solar collector for better understanding the heat transfer capability. 3D model of the collector involving air inlet, the collector is modeled by ANSYS Workbench and the grid was created in ANSYS ICEM. The results were obtained by using ANSYS FLUENT and ANSYS CFX. The objective of this work is to compare theoretically and experimentally work done with the work done by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool with respect to flow and temperature distribution inside the solar collector. The outlet temperature of air is compared with experimental results and there is a good agreement in between them.
Secondary antiprotons as a Galactic Dark Matter probe

We present a novel determination of the astrophysical uncertainties associated to the secondary antiproton flux originating from cosmic-ray spallation on the interstellar gas. We select a set of propagation models compatible with the recent B/C data from PAMELA, and find those providing minimal and maximal antiproton fluxes in different energy ranges. We use this result to determine the most conservative bounds on relevant Dark Matter (DM) annihilation channels: we find that the recent claim of a DM interpretation of a gamma-ray excess in the Galactic Center region cannot be ruled out by current antiproton data. Finally, we discuss the impact of the recently released preliminary data from AMS-02. In particular, we provide a reference model compatible with proton, helium and B/C spectra from this experiment. Remarkably, the main propagation parameters of this model are in agreement with the best fit presented in our earlier statistical analyses. We also show that the antiproton-to-proton ratio does not exhibit any significant anomaly at high energy with respect to our predictions.
Techno-Economic Assessment of Voltage Sags Mitigation in Distribution System Connected to DGs

The penetration of DG in electrical distribution systems has many benefits. The paper highlights the impact of DG penetration at different load centers and different operating conditions in a distribution feeder. The impact of DG penetration on feeder voltage profile that depends on the size and location of DG in the system is illustrated. Mitigating methods are used to reduce the effect of voltage disturbances. Economic assessment studies are used for assisting in the economic choice of mitigating methods. Economical aspects of distribution systems connected to DGs are considered through the analysis of the life cycle cost of these distribution generation sources. Maintenance strategies are illustrated and discussed to keep these sources always ready for operation regarding minimization of maintenance cost. Technical and economical assessments depend on the availability of historical data for disturbances cost including damages and cost of disturbance mitigation using different mitigation methods. These data are difficult to be available for different types of loads. Therefore, load indices, K1, K2, and K3, are proposed in this paper for the different loads as referring it to reference load has available data to overcome the challenge of data shortage. Also, a techno-economic assessment index F is proposed for the assessment of the impact of mitigating device improving cost and its feasibility. PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software package is used in this analysis. The results show that the proposed techno-economic assessment methodology facilitates the decision of choosing the mitigation method for power quality problems and to overcome the challenge of data shortage in the techno-economic assessment.
Has the COVID-19 pandemic widened the gender gap in paid work hours in Spain?

This paper analyzes the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the within-household gender gap in relation to paid work hours in full-time employed heterosexual couples in Spain. Using the Spanish Labor Force Survey (2019–2020) and a difference-in-differences method, we analyze three stages of the pandemic: strict lockdown, de-escalation, and partial closures to study the short-term effects and potential medium-term effects on gender inequality in terms of paid work hours. Our results suggest that during the strict lockdown period there was a tendency to fall back on traditional family gendered patterns to manage the work–life balance, especially when young children are present in male-headed households. However, this phenomenon seems to be a short-term consequence of the pandemic. The sector of activity (essential or non-essential) has also played a key role, the gender gap increased in male-headed households with female partners employed in non-essential sectors.
An N-Shaped Association between Population Density and Abdominal Obesity

Abdominal obesity is a threat to public health and healthy cities. Densification may reduce abdominal obesity, but current evidence of the relationship between population density and abdominal obesity is not conclusive. The aim of this study was to disentangle the nonlinear association between population density and abdominal obesity. Data came from the 2004–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey, which included 36,422 adults aged between 18 and 65 years. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were applied to explore how population density was associated with objectively measured waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), after controlling for other built environmental attributes, socioeconomic characteristics, and regional and year fixed effects. We found that population density had N-shaped associations with both WC and WHtR, and the two turning points were 12,000 and 50,000 people/km2. In particular, population density was positively correlated with abdominal obesity when it was below 12,000 people/km2. Population density was negatively associated with abdominal obesity when it was between 12,000 and 50,000 people/km2. Population density was also positively related to abdominal obesity when it was greater than 50,000 people/km2. Therefore, densification is not always useful to reduce abdominal obesity. Policy-makers need to pay more attention to local density contexts before adopting densification strategies.
Observation of percolation-induced two-dimensional metal-insulator transition in a Si MOSFET

By analyzing the temperature ($T$) and density ($n$) dependence of the measured conductivity ($\sigma$) of 2D electrons in the low density ($\sim10^{11}$cm$^{-2}$) and temperature (0.02 - 10 K) regime of high-mobility (1.0 and 1.5 $\times 10^4$ cm$^2$/Vs) Si MOSFETs, we establish that the putative 2D metal-insulator transition is a density-inhomogeneity driven percolation transition where the density-dependent conductivity vanishes as $\sigma (n) \propto (n - n_p)^p$, with the exponent $p \sim 1.2$ being consistent with a percolation transition. The `metallic' behavior of $\sigma (T)$ for $n > n_p$ is shown to be well-described by a semi-classical Boltzmann theory, and we observe the standard weak localization-induced negative magnetoresistance behavior, as expected in a normal Fermi liquid, in the metallic phase.
Operational Loss Recoveries and the Macroeconomic Environment: Evidence from the U.S. Banking Sector

Using supervisory data from large U.S. bank holding companies (BHCs), we document that operational loss recovery rates decrease in macroeconomic downturns. This procyclical relationship varies by business lines and loss event types and is robust to alternative data aggregations, macroeconomic measurement horizons, and estimation methodologies. Further analysis shows that resource constraints faced by BHC risk management functions are a plausible explanation for these patterns. Our findings offer new evidence on how economic shocks transmit to banking industry losses with implications for risk management and supervision. Our study provides a framework for conducting macro-based stress testing of operational loss recovery risk. We document the average level of recovery rates and estimate their sensitivity to the macroeconomic environment (both in the aggregate and more granularly across business lines and event types). In addition, we document other important aspects of recoveries including how long it takes BHCs to discover and recover operational losses and how such lags are also related to the business is important because recovery lags may be crucial for the ultimate value of recoveries to financial institutions long recovery lags may reduce the recovery to capital-constrained or recovery time series). Such an approach ensures that time periods with higher frequencies of operational losses receive the same relative weight as time periods with lower frequencies of operational loss events. Our results are robust to such an alternative regression approach. See Section IV for more details.
A simplified calculation method to evaluate heating and cooling loads of buildings

Space heating and cooling energy need of a building can be evaluated through three kinds of methods: the quasi-steady state method, the simple hourly method and detailed dynamic simulation methods. In this work the calculation procedure of the simple hourly method has been implemented in MATLAB and then tested on a very simple building. The results obtained in terms of monthly heating and cooling net energy demand have been compared with those coming from a detailed dynamic simulation software, TRNSYS. Furthermore, the possibility of using a simplified set of climatic data is explored. The aim is investigating the use of dynamic simulation tools when the climatic conditions are not known in detail. This could be useful for locations with inadequate climatic database (especially in growing countries), as well as to predict the heating and cooling demand of a building from weather forecast. Then the simplified weather conditions have been applied to the simplified dynamic calculation method. With the purpose of checking the accuracy of the resulting simplified method for energy demand calculation, four locations (Stockholm, London, Rome and Ouagadougou) have been considered for the
Explaining the Reasons for the General Public’s Non-compliance With the Policies of the National Anti-Coronavirus Headquarters: A Qualitative Study

Background: By explaining the reasons for non-compliance with the protocols of the National Anti-coronavirus Headquarters, we can help respond better, make better decisions, and control the risks and outcomes of coronavirus in the future. This study aimed to explain the reasons for the public’s non-compliance with the National Anti-coronavirus Headquarters measures from the perspective of academics. Materials and Methods: The present qualitative study uses a contractual content analysis approach. The study participants were 19 professors and experts of the University of Medical Sciences with the necessary and sufficient information and experience on the subject. A purposive sampling method with maximum diversity in characteristics such as age, gender, education, the field of study, and work experience was used to select the participants. The study data were obtained through semi-structured interviews until data saturation and analyzed simultaneously. Results: From the content analysis of the interviews, 5 main themes and 7 subthemes emerged: 1) normalization and simplification of coronavirus risk with 5 subthemes of learning weakness, inconsistency in received information, misperception of coronavirus, perceived harms due to the observance of protocols, and the impracticality of some policies and approvals of the National Anti-coronavirus Headquarters, 2) weak communication, trust and low acceptance of the people by the procedures of the Anti-coronavirus Headquarters, 3) lack of sufficient motivation in people to comply with, 4) family-cultural conditions with two subthemes of the emotionality of Iranian families and the received cultural sediments, and 5) weakness in supervision and compassion in the use of force. Conclusion: The study results showed that from the point of view of academics, there are reasons for people not observing the recommendations of the National Anti-coronavirus Headquarters, which leads to more ineffective control of coronavirus and consequently human, economic, and social damages to the country. Given the importance of coronavirus control in promoting community health and prevention of this disease and its dangers, further understanding of the reasons for non-compliance with the procedures and recommendations of the National Anti-coronavirus Headquarters to plan and carry out effective interventions seem necessary.
Estimation of a Mean of a Normal Distribution with a Bounded Coefficient of Variation

The estimation of a mean of a normal distribution with an unknown variance is addressed under the restriction that the coefficient of variation is within a bounded interval. The paper constructs a class of estimators improving on the best location-scale equivariant estimator of the mean. It is demonstrated the class includes three typical estimators: the Bayes estimator against the uniform prior over the restricted region, the Bayes estimator against the prior putting mass on the boundary, and a truncated estimator. The non-minimaxity of the best location-scale equivariant estimator is shown in the general location-scale family. When another type of restriction is treated, however, we have a different story that the best location-scale equivariant estimator remains minimax.
Prognostic Value of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in In-Stent Restenosis: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Background: A risk assessment of in-stent restenosis (ISR) patients is critical for providing adequate treatment. Nevertheless, the prognostic value of high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) levels on ISR has not been consistently demonstrated in clinical studies. In the current meta-analysis, we aim to assess the predictive role of hs-CRP in patients treated with stenting. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Registry through May 2022. We selected random control trials that compared the effects of different interventions, and that revealed the effects of hs-CRP. Two reviewers independently screened the articles, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of the studies according to the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Nine articles were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 1.049 patients received stent implantation, and 185 ISR events were recorded during the 1–12-month follow-up period. Baseline hs-CRP levels were not associated with the prediction of ISR among patients receiving stent implantation. The OR of hs-CRP for ISR was 1.81 (0.92–2.69). In the subgroup analysis, 6–12-month hs-CRP levels, diabetes mellitus (DM), and age ≥60(years)were associated with a higher risk of ISR. Conclusions: This meta-analysis shows that higher levels of baseline hs-CRP are not associated with an increased risk of ISR in stented patients. However, an increased risk of ISR was associated with hs-CRP levels at 6 to 12 months of follow-up, which is higher in studies with diabetes mellitus patients and the elderly.
Applying an Intersectional Framework to the Study of Opportunity to Learn Science, Sense of Belonging, and Academic Climate in U.S. Schools: A Mediation Model

Abstract:This study extends research on cultural reproduction theory and employs a critical quantitative lens to examine how schools contribute to differential science outcomes based on intersectional student backgrounds. Using nationally representative PISA 2015 data, structural equation modeling is utilized with intersectional student background groups to examine how U.S. students' educational experiences in schools – opportunity to learn, sense of belonging, and perceptions of academic climate – mediate the relationship between student background and scientific literacy. The direct and indirect findings from this study provide important insight about school mediators that can help account for the gap in science outcomes in the U.S. and inform more equitable policies and practices.
DISCO: Time-Compositional Cache Coherence for Multi-Core Real-Time Embedded Systems

Tasks in modern embedded systems share data and communicate among each other. Nonetheless, the majority of research in real-time systems either assumes that tasks do not share data or prohibits data sharing by design. Only recently, some works investigated solutions to address this limitation and enable data sharing. However, we find these works to suffer from severe limitations. In particular, proposed predictable cache coherence protocols increase the worst-case memory latency (WCL) quadratically due to coherence interference and breaks compositionality by coupling the design and timing analysis of the coherence with the underlying bus arbitration policy. In this paper, we argue that a protocol that distinguishes between non-modifying (read) and modifying (write) memory accesses is key towards reducing the effects of coherence interference on WCL. Accordingly, we propose DISCO, a discriminative coherence solution that capitalizes on this observation to 1) balance average-case performance and WCL, and 2) more importantly, achieves compositionality in the existing of coherence by enabling the decomposition of the effects from coherence and arbitration components. DISCO achieves 7.2× lower latency bounds compared to the state-of-the-art predictable coherence protocol. DISCO also achieves up to 11.4× (5.3× on average) better performance than private cache bypassing for the SPLASH-3 benchmarks.
Effect of Life Style Modification on the health status for Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the colon, and its incidence is rising worldwide. The pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, epithelial barrier defects, and environmental factors . Aim : The aim was to evaluate the effect of Life style Modification on Patients with Ulcerative Colitis. Setting sample: A purposive sample, A quasi-experimental (pretest posttest) research design was adopted for the current study. Fifty-seven patients with ulcerative colitis were enrolled in this study in gastrointestinal out-patient clinic at Kafre El sheik University Hospital . Tools: Structured patient interview questionnaire and Healthy lifestyle questionnaire tools were used to collect the data. Results: The study results revealed that (56.1 %) of the study participant were male whereas (43.8%) were female. The results revealed that total knowledge scores of patients' post-interventions were improved than that of their pre-scores, in addition to increase the total score of healthy lifestyle adherence after the study interventions and follow-up compared to pre intervention with highly statistically significant differences between them at p < 0.001. Conclusion: Lifestyle modifications can be effective in improving selected outcomes for patients with ulcerative colitis. Recommendations: Replication of the study on larger probability sample selected from different geographical areas in Egypt is recommended to more generalizable data.
Florida Trauma Responsive and Caring Environment: Exploratory Factor Analysis of a Staff and Youth Trauma-Informed Self-Assessment Tools in Juvenile Residential Programs

Trauma exposure is pervasive among juvenile justice involved youth. A growing appreciation for the prevalence of trauma and the challenges it poses to successful treatment has prompted youth serving organizations to adopt policies and practices that are consistent with trauma-informed care (TIC). Despite increased interest in integrating TIC into service provision, research on various TIC initiatives and juvenile outcomes is severely underdeveloped. Presently there are no validated instruments that can measure TIC at the organizational level in criminal and juvenile justice settings. To address this gap, the present study evaluates the internal structure and psychometric properties of two self-assessment surveys—for youth and staff—intended to measure organizational-level TIC in Florida Department of Juvenile Justice residential commitment programs. Data from 2761 youth and 2781 staff survey responses from 59 programs demonstrates that these instruments possess strong psychometric properties capable of measuring several distinct aspects of organizational TIC in a juvenile justice setting.
Impact Assessment of COVID‐19 Lockdown on Vertical Distributions of NO2 and HCHO From MAX‐DOAS Observations and Machine Learning Models

Responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic led to major reductions on air pollutant emissions in modern history. To date, there has been no comprehensive assessment for the impact of lockdowns on the vertical distributions of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO). Based on profiles from 0 to 2 km retrieved by Multi‐AXis‐Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy observation and a large volume of real‐time data at a suburb site in Shanghai, China, four types of machine learning models were developed and compared, including multiple linear regression, support vector machine, bagged trees (BT), and artificial neural network. Ultimately BT model was employed to reproduce NO2 and HCHO profiles with the best performance. Predictions with different meteorological and surface pollution scenarios were conducted from 2017 to 2019, for assessing the corresponding impacts on the changes of NO2 and HCHO profiles during COVID‐19 lockdown. The simulations illustrate that the NO2 decreased in 2020 by 43.8%, 45.5%, and 44.6%, relative to 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. For HCHO, the lockdown‐induced situation presented the declines of 28.6%, 32.1%, and 10.9%, respectively. In the comparisons of vertical distributions, NO2 maintained decreasing at all altitudes, while HCHO decreased at low altitudes and increased at high altitudes. During COVID‐19 lockdown, the reduction of NO2 and HCHO from the variation of surface pollutants was dominated below 0.5 km, while the relevant meteorological factors played a more significant role above 0.5 km.