Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SANDS UNDER CYCLIC LOADING

A knowledge of the dynamic stress-strain characteristics of sand subjected to controlled values of shear strain commonly encountered in the field during strong ground shaking is often desirable. Cyclic load simple shear tests have been used to investigate soil performance at shear strain amplitudes greater than those possible from many other types of dynamic laboratory testing equipment. It was found that dynamic modulus values determined near the upper limit of shear strain amplitude that might be expected to be induced by seismic shaking (0.1%) were as much as 40% lower than modulus values obtained at the lowest values of shear strain that were investigated (0.01%). Modulus values were also found to increase slightly with increasing numbers of cycles and with increasing relative density. Values of hysteretic damping, determined from hysteresis loops, showed damping to increase with increasing shear strain amplitude and to decrease slightly with increasing numbers of cycles and increasing values of vertical stress. Curves summarizing the effects of the several parameters on dynamic soil properties have been presented.
Efficacy of 2% Paradichlorobenzene, 10% Citric Acid, 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid, and 0.2% Chitosan at Removing Calcium Hydroxide From the Root Canals

Introduction: Chronic infections often require the use of an intracanal medicament. Calcium hydroxide is the most commonly used intracanal medicament. However, retrieval of calcium hydroxide (CH) medicaments is a challenge. Aim: This study evaluated the efficacy of 2% paradichlorobenzene, 10% citric acid, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and 0.2% chitosan in removing calcium hydroxide from the root canals. Methods and Materials: Forty single-rooted mandibular premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were selected for the study. After access opening, cleaning and shaping were performed following a standardized irrigation protocol, and the samples were pre-weighed for baseline weight. CH was placed in canals until the apex, and the specimen was incubated at 37 °C and 100% relative humidity for seven days. These samples were weighed again for quantitative analysis and subjected to cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for volumetric analysis using ITK SNAP software (Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA). The samples were randomly divided into four groups based on the irrigant used for the removal of medicament. Group 1: 2% paradichlorobenzene; group 2: 10% citric acid; group 3: 17% EDTA; and group 4: 0.2% chitosan, all in combination with sonic agitation. After the removal of CH, weight and volumetric analyses were repeated, and the percentage difference was calculated. Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was done using the one-way ANOVA test for both weight and volumetric assessment, and the inter-group comparison was made using the post hoc Tukey test. Results: The maximum retrieval was observed with 2% paradichlorobenzene by both weight (96.75%) and volumetric (91.42%) assessment, with p=0.00 and p=0.01, respectively. This was followed by 0.2% chitosan, 10% citric acid, and the least, 17% EDTA. Conclusion: Two percent paradichlorobenzene combined with sonic agitation was most efficient in removing CH, followed by 0.2% chitosan, 10% citric acid, and 17% EDTA chitosan.
Sampling and analytical methods of the National Status and Trends Program Mussel Watch Project: 1993-1996 Update

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, butyltins, polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT and metabolites, other chlorinated pesticides, trace and major elements, and a number of measures of contaminant effects are quantified in bivalves and sediments collected as part of the NOAA National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program. This document contains descriptions of some of the sampling and analytical protocols used by NS&T contract laboratories from 1993 through 1996. (PDF contains 257 pages)
The Improved Quality of Gluten-Free Bread Due to the Use of Flaxseed Oil Cake: A Comprehensive Study Evaluating Nutritional Value, Technological Properties, and Sensory Quality

The development of gluten-free bakery products, the quality of which is comparable to the quality of regular wheat-based products, remains a technological challenge. In this study, flaxseed oil cake (FOC), a by-product of flaxseed oil extraction and a source of nutritional and functional compounds, was used as an ingredient in the experimental bread formulation as partial replacement of starches (5%, 15%, and 30%). The gluten-free breads (GFBs) were evaluated for technological parameters, nutritional value, and sensory quality. Compared with the control, all FOC-enhanced GFBs were significantly (p < 0.05) richer in proteins, fat, and dietary fibre, with an increase that was proportional to the concentration of FOC in the formulation. At low-to-moderate levels (5% and 15%), FOC improved the specific volume, texture characteristics (reduced crumb hardness, gumminess, and chewiness), and appearance of GFBs, which allowed us to ameliorate its sensory features, but at 30% of FOC, the quality of the crumb texture decreased significantly (p < 0.005). Among the experimental GFBs, FOC15% exhibited improved technological characteristics and was rated by the sensory panel as the best in terms of overall quality. The results of the conducted research highlighted the benefits of incorporating FOC into GFB as a promising approach to developing a palatable, high-quality bakery product that may be a healthier option for individuals on a gluten-free diet, offering nutritional benefits. Nevertheless, it should be emphasised that the amount of FOC in GFB requires careful regulation.
Use of MODIS NDVI data to improve forest-area estimation

The objective of this article is to develop and test a methodology capable of using medium spatial resolution satellite imagery to improve forest-area statistics derived from ground sampling. The methodology builds on the evidence that multitemporal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) images bring significant information on the spatial distribution of forest surfaces. Consequently, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI images are potentially useful to improve forest-area assessment based on ground data. This expectation is verified in Tuscany (central Italy) using forest-area references extracted from the Coordination of Information on Environment (CORINE) land-cover map. The accuracy of forest-area statistics obtained at province level by different reference samplings is first assessed. Next, locally calibrated regression analyses are applied to multitemporal MODIS NDVI images in order to obtain per-pixel forest-area estimates. Two statistical methods (the direct expansion and the regression estimator) are finally used to combine these estimates with the ground data and produce corrected per-province statistics. The experimental results confirm that MODIS NDVI data contain relevant information on forest distribution, which can be efficiently extended over the land surface by locally calibrated regressions. The obtained estimates can be combined with the ground data for enhancing forest-area assessment at province level. To this aim, the regression estimator gives the best performance for all sampling densities of the reference data.
The Underexplored Mechanisms of Wheat Resistance to Leaf Rust

Wheat leaf rust, caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Puccinia triticina Eriks. (Pt), is one of the most common wheat foliar diseases that continuously threatens global wheat production. Currently, the approaches used to mitigate pathogen infestation include the application of fungicides and the deployment of resistance genes or cultivars. However, the continuous deployment of selected resistant varieties causes host selection pressures that drive Pt evolution and promote the incessant emergence of new virulent races, resulting in the demise of wheat-resistant cultivars after several years of planting. Intriguingly, diploid wheat accessions were found to confer haustorium formation-based resistance to leaf rust, which involves prehaustorial and posthaustorial resistance mechanisms. The prehaustorial resistance in the interaction between einkorn and wheat leaf rust is not influenced by specific races of the pathogen. The induced defense mechanism, known as systemic acquired resistance, also confers durable resistance against a wide array of pathogens. This review summarizes the host range, pathogenic profile, and evolutionary basis of Pt; the molecular basis underlying wheat–Pt interactions; the cloning and characterization of wheat leaf rust resistance genes; prehaustorial and posthaustorial resistance; systemic acquired resistance; and the role of reactive oxygen species. The interplay between climatic factors, genetic features, planting dates, and disease dynamics in imparting resistance is also discussed.
ASSESSMENT OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE LEVELS IN PROCESSED CASSAVA PRODUCTS

The expanding use of cassava and its derivatives across industries in Nigeria has raised concerns about potential hydrogen cyanide (HCN) toxicity in inadequately processed cassava products. This study aimed to investigate and compare the hydrogen cyanide concentration in eight processed cassava product samples sourced within the period from January to March, 2023 from supermarkets and local markets in Lafia town, Nigeria, using the picrate in solution method. The samples included Niji® Foods Cassava Flour, IFGREEN® Odourless Fufu Flour, Ayoola® Fufu Flour, Aiteefills® Fufu flour, Niji® Foods Garri, Golden Penny Garri, GGEE® foods Ijebu Garri, and local brand cassava starch. Spectrophotometric measurements at 535 nm were used to determine the total cyanide content in mg HCN equivalents/kg dry weight, calculated as ppm by multiplying the absorbance by 396. The results were analyzed using Minitab version 20.0, employing one-way ANOVA, and pair-wise comparisons were made post hoc using Tukey t-tests. HCN concentrations in all samples ranged from 4.13 to 21.47 mg HCN equivalents/kg dry weight, exhibiting significant variation (p ≤ 0.05) among the samples.
Voting wiser The effect of Voting Advice Applications on political understanding

Voting Advice Applications (VAA) are web tools that are used to inform increasing numbers of voters during elections. This increasing usage indicates that VAAs fulfill voters’ needs, but what these needs are, is unknown. Previous research has shown that such tools are primarily used by young males and highly educated citizens. This suggests that VAAs are generally used by citizens who are already well-informed about politics and may not need the assistance of a VAA to make voting decisions. To analyze the functions that VAAs have for their users, this study utilizes unique user data from a popular Dutch VAA to identify different user types according to their cognitive characteristics and motivations. A latent class analysis resulted in three distinct user types that vary in efficacy, vote certainty, and interest: doubters, checkers and seekers. Each group uses the VAA for different reasons at different points in time. Seekers’ use of VAAs increases as election day approaches; less efficacious and less certain voters are more likely to use the tool to become informed.
Rugose corals from the carboniferous of Northern Palencia (Spain)

From Carboniferous deposits exposed on the southern slope of the Cantabric mountain chain, 58 rugose coral species are described. The rugose coral fauna of this area is not yet completely known. 32 of the species are new, 13 are unnamed and 12 are identical with or closely related to Upper Middle Carboniferous species from the Moscow and Donetz basins of Russia. These species have a fairly long stratigraphie range and their occurrence is largely conditioned by favourable environment. Hillia is erected as a subgenus of Lithostrotionella. New genera have not been founded, existing genera have been interpreted rather widely. The species recorded belong to the following genera or subgenera: Rotiphyllum, Bradyphyllum, Amplexocarinia, Polycoelia, Sochkineophyllum, Ufimia, Cyathaxonia, Lophophyllidiurn, Stereostylus, Zaphrentites, Duplophyllum? , Euryphyllum, Lithostrotion, Arachnastraea, Clisiophyllum, Dibunophyllum, Koninckophyllum, Corwenia, Pseudozaphrentoides, Bothrophyllum, Lonsdaleia, Lithostrotionella, Hillia, Koninckocarinia, Carcinophyllum, Axolithophyllum, Lonsdaleoides, Amygdalophylloides, Ivanovia. The distribution of the corals in the Carboniferous of Palencia is shown on Tables I to III (p. 108). The age of the formations from which the corals were obtained ranges from the Namurian up into the Westphalian D, as established by goniatite and plant evidence, or from the Bashkirian to the Upper Moscovian on fusulinid evidence.
Enteropathogens and Gut In ﬂ ammation in Asymptomatic Infants and Children in Different Environments in Southern India

Children in poor environmental conditions are exposed early and often to enteric pathogens, but within developing countries, heterogeneity in enteropathogen exposure in different settings and communities is rarely addressed. We tested fecal samples from healthy infants and children from two different environments in the same Indian townforgutenteropathogens andbiomarkersofgutin ﬂ ammation.Asigni ﬁ cantlyhigher proportionofinfantsandchildren from a poor semi-urban neighborhood (93%) had one or more enteropathogens than those from a medical college campus (71.7%). Infants and children from the poor neighborhood had an average of 3.3 (95% con ﬁ dence interval [CI]: 2.9 – 3.7) enteropathogens compared with an average of 1.4 (95% CI: 1.0 – 1.7) enteropathogens in campus infants/ children. Viral and bacterial infections, including enteroviruses, adenoviruses, Campylobacter spp. , and diarrhegenic Escherichia coli were more common and fecal biomarkers of in ﬂ ammation were higher in the poor neighborhood. The ﬁ ndings demonstrate signi ﬁ cant difference in the asymptomatic carriage of gut enteropathogens and gut in ﬂ ammatory biomarkers in infants and children from two different environments within the same town in south India.
Seismic water waves in a storage tank

The dynamic behavior of inviscid fluid contained in horizontally accelerated cylindrical and rectangular tanks is considered. Mathematical equations describing the fluid motion are developed and simplified by use of small-amplitude wave approximations, enabling expressions for free-surface displacements, pressure distributions and resultant forces and moments on the tank to be obtained. The expressions are formulated in such a way that time-histories of salient parameters can be calculated for tanks subjected to real earthquake accelerograms. Comparisons of predicted and measured free-surface displacements of a model cylindrical water tank subjected to both sinusoidal and seismic accelerations on a shaking table indicate close agreement between theory and experiment. Finally, the solutions for seismic accelerations in one horizontal direction are generalized to include acceleration components in all three coordinate directions.
Masked Molecule Modeling: A New Paradigm of Molecular Representation Learning for Chemistry Understanding

Molecular representation learning is essential to deep learning for chemistry, where the molecules are embedded into continuous real-valued vectors as better representations in the large chemical space. Traditional molecular representation learning requires high-quality labels for molecules. However, the precise physicochemical or pharmacological properties of the molecules are expensive to measure and collect. Therefore, self-supervised training of deep learning models on large-scale cheap available chemical data is becoming an increasingly popular choice in research and practice. Masked auto-encoder is one of the most common self-supervised pretext tasks used in molecular representation learning. However, previous masked auto-encoder based methods focus on learning the existence of compounds, which may not be suﬃcient for chemical understanding. In this paper, we present the Masked Molecule Modeling (MMM), an emerging self-supervised paradigm of molecular representation learning, which is a simple yet mighty pretext task by exploiting the contextualized chemical semantics in more than two million reactions. As a result, the molecular representations learned by
long-term effects of antihypertensive medications on bone mineral density in men older than 55 years

Introduction: In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment with calcium channel blockers or beta blockers on the bone mineral density of maxilla, as determined by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and methods: This retrospective study was conducted on CBCT images of men older than 55 years who had received different dental indications. Data were grouped into three categories according to the antihypertensive medication history of the patients: group A included patients who had been taking beta-blocker treatment for more than 5 years, group B included patients who had been taking calcium channel blocker treatment for more than 5 years, and the control group included patients who had never used any hypertensive medications before. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the beta blocker and calcium channel blocker groups. Conclusion: In hypertension treatment, beta blockers may be preferred to calcium channel blockers in patients at high risk for osteoporosis and bone resorption.
Myocardial Preconditioning by Intracoronary Adenosine before Myocardial Preconditioning by Intracoronary Adenosine before Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (short term Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (short term outcome) outcome)

ABSTRACT Background: Pre-and post-conditioning by transient episodes of ischemia render the myocardium more resistant to subsequent ischemia, a phenomenon known as ischemic pre-conditioning. This effect is thought to be partly mediated by endogenous adenosine. Aim of the work: : to investigate the efficacy and safety of intracoronary adenosine on myocardial perfusion in patients schedule for elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients and methods: A prospective observational comparative study of 120 patients with coronary artery disease scheduled for elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were randomly to receive intracoronary adenosine (n = 60 ) or placebo (n= 60), both groups were compared regarding clinical risk factors electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, cardiac troponin ,C-reactive protein, angiographic variables and major adverse cardiac events. Results: Among clinical risk factors, smoking and obesity were significantly higher in placebo group. ECG data, echocardiographic data, Troponin data and myonecrosis were not statistically significant different between both groups before and after percutaneous coronary intervention, but high sensitive C-reactive protein was statistically significantly higher post percutaneous coronary intervention in placebo group. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding percutaneous coronary intervention results, periprocedural complications and short term clinical outcome. Conclusion: Myocardial preconditioning by intracoronary adenosine in patients schedule for elective percutaneous coronary intervention is safe but did not provide any benefit in terms of decreasing periprocedural myonecrosis or improving short term clinical outcome. The elevation of high sensitive C-reactive protein is determined by more vessels manipulation by more pre dilation , post dilatation and more number of stents.
Heat Generation Effects on MHD Double Diffusive of Tio 2 -Cu/Water Hybrid Nanofluids in a Lid-Driven Wavy Porous Cavity Using LTNE Condition

: In this manuscript, we study heat generation effects on Magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection in hybrid nanofluid (Tio2-Cu/Water) in a wavy porous cavity with a lid-driven using (LTNE) condition. The impacts of the inclined magnetic field, internal heat generation, and the volume of the solid fraction on the flow and heat structures are investigated. The dominant equations and the conditions of the boundaries are converted for dimensionless equations. This equation is solved numerically using the SIMPLER algorithm based on the finite volume method. The results are represented graphically by streamlines, isotherms, iso-concentrations, local Nusselt numbers, local Sherwood numbers, and average Nusselt numbers. The results showed that the isothermal wavy walls and the internal heat source had an essential effect on the fluid flow and heat transfer. Furthermore, the position of the heat source and large values of the heat generation parameter enhanced the rate of heat transfer and decreased the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. On the other hand, the rise of the Hartmann number restricted nanofluid transport. Moreover, the presence of a porous
Frequency, pressure, and strain dependence of nonlinear elasticity in Berea Sandstone

Acoustoelasticity measurements in a sample of room dry Berea sandstone are conducted at various loading frequencies to explore the transition between the quasi‐static ( f→0 ) and dynamic (few kilohertz) nonlinear elastic response. We carry out these measurements at multiple confining pressures and perform a multivariate regression analysis to quantify the dependence of the harmonic content on strain amplitude, frequency, and pressure. The modulus softening (equivalent to the harmonic at 0f) increases by a factor 2–3 over 3 orders of magnitude increase in frequency. Harmonics at 2f, 4f, and 6f exhibit similar behaviors. In contrast, the harmonic at 1f appears frequency independent. This result corroborates previous studies showing that the nonlinear elasticity of rocks can be described with a minimum of two physical mechanisms. This study provides quantitative data that describes the rate dependency of nonlinear elasticity. These findings can be used to improve theories relating the macroscopic elastic response to microstructural features.
Distributed Uplink Power Control with Soft Removal for Wireless Networks

In the well-known distributed target-SIR-tracking power control algorithm (TPC), when the system is infeasible (a constrained power vector does not exist to attain target-SIRs), all non-supported users (those who cannot obtain their target-SIRs) transmit at their maximum power. Such users inefficiently consume their energy, and cause interference to others, which increases the number of non-supported users. To deal with this, some non-supported users should decrease their transmit power (the gradual removal problem). We present a distributed power control scheme with gradual soft removal, by which either TPC or OPC (opportunistic power control) is used, depending on whether the ratio of interference-to-path-gain is below or above a threshold that is chosen by each user in a distributed manner. We show that our algorithm converges to a unique fixed-point in both feasible and infeasible systems, and that when the system is infeasible, it results in less outage with significantly less consumed power, as compared to TPC. We also provide a game theoretic analysis of our algorithm by introducing a new pricing when users are selfish. As our algorithm is fully distributed and requires only local information, it can be applied to both cellular and ad hoc networks. Simulation results confirm our analysis.