Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Synthesis of Recurrent Neurons for Imitation Learning From CNC Machine Operators

Analyzing time series data in industrial settings demands domain knowledge and computer science expertise to develop effective algorithms. AutoML approaches aim to automate this process, reducing human bias and improving accuracy and cost-effectiveness. This article applies an evolutionary algorithm to synthesize recurrent neurons optimized for specific datasets. This adds another layer to the AutoML framework, targeting the internal structure of neurons. We developed an imitation learning control system for an industry CNC machine to enhance operators' productivity. We specifically examine two recorded operator actions: adjusting the engagement rates for linear feed rate and spindle velocity. We compare the performance of our evolved neurons with support vector machine and four well-established neural network models commonly used for time series data: simple recurrent neural networks, long-short-term-memory, independently recurrent neural networks, and transformers. The results demonstrate that the neurons evolved via the evolutionary approach exhibit lower syntactic complexity than LSTMs and achieve lower error rates than other networks. They yield error rates 270% lower for the first operation action, while the error rates are 20% lower for the second action. We also show that our evolutionary algorithm is capable of creating skip-connections and gating mechanisms adapted to the specific characteristics of our dataset.
U-Net Super-Resolution Model of GOCI to GOCI-II Image Conversion

The use of ocean color sensors presents limitations to monitoring coastal environmental changes and capturing fine spatial features below 1 km due to low spatial (0.5–1 km) and temporal (1 day) resolutions. The geostationary ocean color imager (GOCI)-II, launched on February 18, 2020, is a follow-up mission to GOCI, operated from June 27, 2010 to March 31, 2021. GOCI-II imagery, with a spatial resolution of 250 m, detects more detailed spatial structures of ocean dynamics compared to GOCI with a spatial resolution of 500 m. This study aims to develop a U-Net super-resolution (SR) model to enhance the GOCI remote-sensing reflectance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{R}_{\text {rs}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) imagery to the same spatial resolution as GOCI-II. The U-Net model is trained with eight paired bands (412, 443, 490, 555, 660, 680, 745, and 865 nm) of GOCI and GOCI-II <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{R}_{\text {rs}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> around the waters of the Korean Peninsula. The consistency level between GOCI and GOCI-II images indicated GOCI sensor degradation, especially in the blue bands, during its last mission period from December 2020 to March 2021. Through quantitative and qualitative evaluations, we found that the U-Net <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{R}_{\text {rs}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> image had greater spectral information with higher consistency compared to the G1-bicubic image by bicubic interpolation of GOCI. In particular, the U-Net results improved the consistency in the blue bands (412, 443, and 490 nm). Qualitative evaluations also showed that U-Net corrected the blue band underestimation in degraded GOCI images. In addition, chlorophyll-a concentration (CHL) map from the U-Net <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{R}_{\text {rs}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> not only simulated spatial patterns, similar to GOCI-II CHL map, but also corrected the overestimated GOCI CHL map. The U-Net SR model may help to produce more reliable and fine-scale <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{R}_{\text {rs}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> products from GOCI similar to those of GOCI-II, and to enable long-term ocean color monitoring around the waters of the Korean Peninsula.
Feasibility, effectiveness, and acceptability of an afternoon-evening sleep schedule in older nightshift workers

Abstract Study Objectives To explore the feasibility, effectiveness, and acceptability of an afternoon-evening sleep schedule in older (age 50–65 years) nightshift workers. Methods We used a three-part strategy: a screening survey to identify individuals who said they could adopt an 8-hour afternoon-evening sleep schedule; a field study where daily diary and actigraphy data were collected during a baseline week and intervention week, with randomization to self-selected sleep, 8-hour afternoon-evening time in bed (TIB), or 8-hour self-selected TIB; and follow-up focus groups to understand the acceptability of the intervention. Results Gender (p < 0.001), Hispanic ethnicity (p = 0.023), the care of children (p = 0.014), and chronotype (p = 0.012), predicted the reported ability to spend 8 hours in bed in the afternoon-evening. Participants assigned to the 8-hour self-selected and 8-hour afternoon-evening groups significantly increased their TIB and sleep duration compared to baseline (p < 0.05), while the control group did not. Although spending 8 hours in bed was feasible for the participants during the study, focus group discussions indicated participants would not continue an 8-hour TIB schedule after the study due to family responsibilities and other activities of daily living. Conclusions Spending 8 hours in bed between successive night shifts, initiated at both a self-selected time and in the afternoon-evening, increased the sleep duration of older shiftworkers, but most would not continue such a schedule on their own. Additional research is needed to find countermeasures for the reduced sleep duration experienced by most shiftworkers that are not only effective, but also compatible with shiftworkers’ lifestyles.
Genetic Studies of Yield Variation and Association Analysis in Rice (O. sativa L.) Genotype

Rice is a cereal grain and the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world’s human population, especially in Asia. Rice provides 21% energy and 15% of per capita protein of global human (Maclean et al., 2002). In a rice improvement programme, it is the Germplasm, which virtually determine the success and nature of end product. The development of superior rice population involved the intelligent use of available genetic variability both indigenous as well as exotic to cater the need of various farming situations of rice. The grain yield is the primary trait targeted for improvement of rice productivity in both favourable and unfavourable environments from its present level. Germplasm lines have a high level of genetic heterogeneity that comprise of the The present investigation consists of 80 rice genotypes with seven checks and the experiment was conducted during Kharif-2017 in Randomized Block Design with two replications. The data were recorded for twelve quantitative characters to estimate the variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance as percentage and association analysis. The high PCV and GCV values was obtained for grain yield per plant, effective tillers per plant, total tillers per plant, filled grains per plant, total grains per plant, flag leaf area, biological yield per plant and low PCV and GCV was observed for spikelet fertility per panicle. The traits filled grains per panicle, days to 50% flowering, test weight, plant height, flag leaf area and grain yield per plant had high heritability along with high genetic advance as per cent of mean indicate that these characters attributable to additive gene effects which are fixable and possibilities of effective selection for the improvement of these characters. The harvest index, biological yield per plant, effective tillers per plant, filled grains per panicle, total tillers per plant, total grains per panicle and spikelet fertility% showed positive and highly significant or significant association with grain yield per plant. The highest positive direct contribution on grain yield per plant at genotypic level was expressed by effective tillers per plant and spikelet fertility%, while high positive direct contribution on test weight and total grains per panicle. K e y w o r d s
GlcNAc6ST2/CHST4 Is Essential for the Synthesis of R-10G-Reactive Keratan Sulfate/Sulfated N-Acetyllactosamine Oligosaccharides in Mouse Pleural Mesothelium

We recently showed that 6-sulfo sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) in O-linked glycans recognized by the CL40 antibody is abundant in the pleural mesothelium under physiological conditions and that these glycans undergo complementary synthesis by GlcNAc6ST2 (encoded by Chst4) and GlcNAc6ST3 (encoded by Chst5) in mice. GlcNAc6ST3 is essential for the synthesis of R-10G-positive keratan sulfate (KS) in the brain. The predicted minimum epitope of the R-10G antibody is a dimeric asialo 6-sulfo LacNAc. Whether R-10G-reactive KS/sulfated LacNAc oligosaccharides are also present in the pleural mesothelium was unknown. The question of which GlcNAc6STs are responsible for R-10G-reactive glycans was an additional issue to be clarified. Here, we show that R-10G-reactive glycans are as abundant in the pulmonary pleura as CL40-reactive glycans and that GlcNAc6ST3 is only partially involved in the synthesis of these pleural R-10G glycans, unlike in the adult brain. Unexpectedly, GlcNAc6ST2 is essential for the synthesis of R-10G-positive KS/sulfated LacNAc oligosaccharides in the lung pleura. The type of GlcNAc6ST and the magnitude of its contribution to KS glycan synthesis varied among tissues in vivo. We show that GlcNAc6ST2 is required and sufficient for R-10G-reactive KS synthesis in the lung pleura. Interestingly, R-10G immunoreactivity in KSGal6ST (encoded by Chst1) and C6ST1 (encoded by Chst3) double-deficient mouse lungs was markedly increased. MUC16, a mucin molecule, was shown to be a candidate carrier protein for pleural R-10G-reactive glycans. These results suggest that R-10G-reactive KS/sulfated LacNAc oligosaccharides may play a role in mesothelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Further elucidation of the functions of sulfated glycans synthesized by GlcNAc6ST2 and GlcNAc6ST3, such as R-10G and CL40 glycans, in pathological conditions may lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the physiopathology of the lung mesothelium.
NSCLC: from tumorigenesis, immune checkpoint misuse to current and future targeted therapy

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is largely promoted by a multistep tumorigenesis process involving various genetic and epigenetic alterations, which essentially contribute to the high incidence of mortality among patients with NSCLC. Clinical observations revealed that NSCLC also co-opts a multifaceted immune checkpoint dysregulation as an important driving factor in NSCLC progression and development. For example, a deregulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway has been noticed in 50-70% of NSCLC cases, primarily modulated by mutations in key oncogenes such as ALK, EGFR, KRAS, and others. Additionally, genetic association studies containing patient-specific factors and local reimbursement criteria expose/reveal mutations in EGFR/ALK/ROS/BRAF/KRAS/PD-L1 proteins to determine the suitability of available immunotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Thus, the expression of such checkpoints on tumors and immune cells is pivotal in understanding the therapeutic efficacy and has been extensively studied for NSCLC treatments. Therefore, this review summarizes current knowledge in NSCLC tumorigenesis, focusing on its genetic and epigenetic intricacies, immune checkpoint dysregulation, and the evolving landscape of targeted therapies. In the context of current and future therapies, we emphasize the significance of antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 interactions as the primary therapeutic strategy for immune system reactivation in NSCLC. Other approaches involving the promising potential of nanobodies, probodies, affibodies, and DARPINs targeting immune checkpoints are also described; these are under active research or clinical trials to mediate immune regulation and reduce cancer progression. This comprehensive review underscores the multifaceted nature, current state and future directions of NSCLC research and treatment.
Serum/Plasma Proteome in Non-Malignant Liver Disease

The liver is the central metabolic organ and produces 85–90% of the proteins found in plasma. Accordingly, the plasma proteome is an attractive source of liver disease biomarkers that reflects the different cell types present in this organ, as well as the processes such as responses to acute and chronic injury or the formation of an extracellular matrix. In the first part, we summarize the biomarkers routinely used in clinical evaluations and their biological relevance in the different stages of non-malignant liver disease. Later, we describe the current proteomic approaches, including mass spectrometry and affinity-based techniques, that allow a more comprehensive assessment of the liver function but also require complex data processing. The many approaches of analysis and interpretation and their potential caveats are delineated. While these advances hold the promise to transform our understanding of liver diseases and support the development and validation of new liver-related drugs, an interdisciplinary collaboration is needed.
Lava-effusion rates for the Pu'u 'ō'Ō-KŪpaianaha eruption derived from SO2 emissions and very low frequency (VLF) measurements

Lava-effusion rates have been estimated on a regular basis throughout the Pu'u 'O'o-Kopaianaha eruption by several techniques, including mapping of lava-flow surface area and thickness, very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic-profiling measurements over active lava tubes, and measurements of SO 2 discharge. Together, these three techniques indicate that Kilauea erupted roughly 0.13 km 3 /yr or about 2.4 to 2.6 km 3 of dense-rock-equivalent (DRE) lava between January 1983 and May 2002. VLF and SO 2 measurements produce total-volume estimates for the eruption within 10 percent of each other. SO 2 - and VLF-derived lava-effusion rates are statistically correlated at the 99-percent-confidence level for the extent of both datasets but show the best agreement for the period 1997-2002, when sampling density for both datasets was highest and activity varied; they produced instantaneous lava-effusion rates episodically exceeding 1 million m 3 d - 1 per day. The data, which are consistent with magma at a CO 2 -equilibration depth of 1.0 to 1.5 km, may indicate the minimum depth of the duct feeding magma in the east rift zone. The reliability of east rift SO 2 data, in combination with a rapidly evolving technology for inexpensively and remotely measuring plume SO 2 , points toward the practical application of this technique to continuously monitor lava-effusion rates during this and similar eruptions.
Subsidiary Redefinition : Charter Loss in a German-owned Subsidiary in Hungary discussion paper SP

Based on a literature review and a single case study approach, this paper provides insights into the actors, interests and dynamics of charter losses. It reports the results of interviews with 20 managers at different units of Siemens ICN (Information & Communication Network division) in Germany, Hungary and Austria, including the Hungarian subsidiary where the charter loss occurred, the German headquarters, and the main competing subsidiaries. Furthermore, the paper sheds light on the questions: to what extent and by what combination of host country, subsidiary-related and MNC structural and organizational factors do situations develop in which a subsidiary loses its charter. Our findings show that there is no single reason for a charter loss, but multiple interdependent reasons subject to divergent interpretations, reflecting the micropolitical interests of the key actors. The case study further elucidates that there is room for strategic action at the subsidiary level to avert a charter loss, whereby anticipatory adjustment of the subsidiary towards more balanced internal and external embeddedness as well as constant interpersonal networking with the headquarters office are two important prerequisites. auf interpersonelle Kontakte abstellende Vernetzung der Tochtergesellschafts-manager mit der Konzernzentrale.
Konkurence mezi školami a výsledky žáků v České republice: pohled zblízka na šetření PISA 2012

Abstrakt: Reformy založene na zavaděni tržnich principů do vzdělavani zatim spise zklamaly ocekavani, že povedou k celkovemu zlepseni vzdělavacich výsledků žaků. Mezinarodni setřeni PISA 2012 tento poznatek rovněž potvrdilo. Avsak v připadě Ceske republiky byly publikovany výsledky uvadějici, že i po zohledněni socioekonomických a demografických rozdilů mezi žaky a dalsich relevantnich faktorů na urovni skol dosahuji lepsich výsledků v matematice žaci v těch skolach, ktere jsou vystaveny větsi lokalni konkurenci. Nas clanek představuje kritickou revizi těchto výsledků. Vysli jsme ze stejných datových souborů z setřeni PISA a použili jsme dvouurovňove modely, kde prvni uroveň byla žakovska a druha skolni. Pokud model (na rozdil od postupu uplatněneho autory setřeni PISA) zohledňovat skutecnost, že ve vzorku jsou zastoupeny zakladni skoly, viceleta gymnazia a středni skoly, pak zdanlivý ucinek konkurence mezi skolami vymizel. Konkurence mezi skolami jednoho typu tedy ani v Ceske republice nevede k lepsim znalostem a dovednostem žaků v matematice. Klicova slova: volba skoly, konkurence mezi skolami, výsledky žaků, matematika, Ceska republika, PISA. Klicova slova: volba skoly, soutěž mezi skolami, výsledky žaků, matematika, Ceska republika, PISA Abstract: Several studies have shown that market-based reforms of education, on average, do not improve the pupil performance across or within national school systems. The PISA 2012 survey found, however, that in the Czech Republic the schools that compete with other neibourghing schools for pupils tend to perform better in mathematics even after accounting for the socio-economic and demographic background of pupils and for relevant school characteristics (OECD, 2013). In our study, we re-evaluate this result. The impact of school variables on student achievement was studied using the PISA datasets and two-level models with pupils at the first level and schools at the second level. After accounting for different types of secondary schools in the Czech school sample, the apparent positive effect of school competition disappeared. Keywords: school choice, school competition, achivement, mathematics, Czech Republic, PISA
Infrequent Presentations of Chronic NPM1-Mutated Myeloid Neoplasms: Clinicopathological Features of Eight Cases from a Single Institution and Review of the Literature

Simple Summary We describe the clinicopathologic features of eight patients with atypical presentation of NPM1-mutated myeloid neoplasms (MN) and review the literature. Initially, we extensively describe the rarest case, a patient diagnosed with chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL) with less than 1% bone marrow blasts associated with an NPM1 mutation who progressed to an acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Secondly, we summarize the clinicopathologic features of seven additional cases with infrequent presentation of NPM1-mutated MN, five of them corresponding to CMML and the other two to MDS. Thirdly, we review the literature. Abstract Non-acute myeloid neoplasms (MNs) with NPM1 mutations (NPM1mut-MNs) pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma, primarily manifesting as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The classification and treatment approach for these conditions as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are debated. We describe eight cases of atypical NPM1mut-MNs from our institution and review the literature. We include a rare case of concurrent prostate carcinoma and MN consistent with chronic eosinophilic leukemia, progressing to myeloid sarcoma of the skin. Of the remaining seven cases, five were CMML and two were MDS. NPM1 mutations occur in 3–5% of CMML and 1–6% of MDS, with an increased likelihood of rapid evolution to AML. Their influence on disease progression varies, and their prognostic significance in non-acute MNs is less established than in AML. Non-acute MNs with NPM1 mutations may display an aggressive clinical course, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive diagnosis integrating clinical and biological data. Tailoring patient management on an individualized basis, favoring intensive treatment aligned with AML protocols, is crucial, regardless of blast percentage. Research on the impact of NPM1 mutations in non-acute myeloid neoplasms is ongoing, requiring challenging prospective studies with substantial patient cohorts and extended follow-up periods for validation.
Enhancing transcriptome analysis in medicinal plants: multiple unigene sets in Astragalus membranaceus

Astragalus membranaceus is a medicinal plant mainly used in East Asia and contains abundant secondary metabolites. Despite the importance of this plant, the available genomic and genetic information is still limited. De novo transcriptome construction is recognized as an essential method for transcriptome research when reference genome information is incomplete. In this study, we constructed three individual transcriptome sets (unigene sets) for detailed analysis of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, a major metabolite of A. membranaceus. Set-1 was a circular consensus sequence (CCS) generated using PacBio sequencing (PacBio-seq). Set-2 consisted of hybridized assembled unigenes with Illumina sequencing (Illumina-seq) reads and PacBio CCS using rnaSPAdes. Set-3 unigenes were assembled from Illumina-seq reads using the Trinity software. Construction of multiple unigene sets provides several advantages for transcriptome analysis. First, it provides an appropriate expression filtering threshold for assembly-based unigenes: a threshold transcripts per million (TPM) ≥ 5 removed more than 88% of assembly-based unigenes, which were mostly short and low-expressing unigenes. Second, assembly-based unigenes compensated for the incomplete length of PacBio CCSs: the ends of the 5`/3` untranslated regions of phenylpropanoid-related unigenes derived from set-1 were incomplete, which suggests that PacBio CCSs are unlikely to be full-length transcripts. Third, more isoform unigenes could be obtained from multiple unigene sets; isoform unigenes missing in Set-1 were detected in set-2 and set-3. Finally, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses showed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism were highly activated in A. membranaceus roots. Various sequencing technologies and assemblers have been developed for de novo transcriptome analysis. However, no technique is perfect for de novo transcriptome analysis, suggesting the need to construct multiple unigene sets. This method enables efficient transcript filtering and detection of longer and more diverse transcripts.
Counting migrants to monitor bird populations: state of the art

The aim of this paper is to summarize background information on what migration monitoring is, what biases are present and how they can be addressed, evidence that resulting trends are biologically meaningful, and what the benefits and limitations of the method are. Some topics have been covered elsewhere in greater detail (Dunn and Hussell 1995, Dunn et al. 1997, Francis and Hussell 1998). However, an overview provides a useful introduction to this session, and here I discuss potential biases more fully than elsewhere.