Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of micro-alloying and heat treatment on the neutron irradiation behavior of EUROFER type steels

The most problematic materials-related challenge for DEMO and future commercial fusion power plants concerns the mitigation of neutron damage, that is, embrittlement by irradiation-induced defects and helium as well as hydrogen transmutation. It has the highest impact on the design and licensing of blanket and divertor structures. As of today, the assumed design limits are highly speculative, even for a starting configuration with rather moderate performance. Presently available data on irradiation damage raise doubts on the feasibility of using EUROFER97 steel for a water-cooled starter blanket in a DEMO reactor since the ductile-brittle transition temperature (this transition temperature is called DBTT and defines the lower limit at which a material can be used in design to avoid brittle failure) increases significantly for irradiation temperatures below 350°C.The additional DBTT shift caused by transmutation (H and He production) can only be estimated based on a few results from one irradiation campaign with isotopically tailored EUROFER97 steel. In conservative calculations, it might be possible that the DBTT of EUROFER97 steel will exceed the operating temperature in water-cooled starter blankets within a relatively short time. However, the moderate heat transfer of He (as a coolant) will maintain the temperatures in the EUROFER97 structures at and above 350°C, which would guarantee moderate irradiation-induced DBTT shifts, especially in high dpa regions of the blanket like the first wall. Recent R&D points to the possibility to extend the high temperature operating limit of EUROFER97 to over 550 °C [1]–[3]. Albeit preliminary, these results if confirmed, would allow an increase in the outlet temperature of the coolant improving the reactor net efficiency [4]. Unfortunately, the improvement on the high-temperature end is often accompanied by an increase of the DBTT at the lower end, which might cause the same problems as described for the water-cooling design.
ROLE OF SERUM FERRETIN LEVEL AS A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN NORMAL PREGNANCY AND PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANE (PROM)

Background: Preterm labor means delivery before thirty-seven completed weeks of gestational age of pregnancy. Premature rupture of membranes occurs in three percent of pregnancies and considered the main cause of one third of preterm deliveries. Objective: To determine whether serum ferritin levels could be used as a predictive marker of premature rupture of membranes or not. Patient and Methods: Descriptive prospective comparative study started from September 2019 till March 2020. This study was conducted on pregnant females (30-37 weeks). Serum ferritin was high among group I when compared with group II. One hundred healthy pregnant women were enrolled in this study and full field the following criteria from September 2019 till March 2020 at AlHussein University Hospital. Results: The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed by suitable statistical methods after completion of the study. And it shows highly statistically significant increase in gestational age in intact membrane group compared to PROM group and statistically significant increase in serum ferretin in PROM group compared ti intact membrane group. Also there was an inverse correlation between serum ferretin and gestational age while there is a direct correlation between serum ferretin and hematocrit value. There is a non-significant difference between both groups according to maternal age, hemoglobin or hematocrit. Conclusion: Serum ferritin is a marker for preterm premature rupture of membranes, and could be used to expect complications by obstetricians, and it considered more specific for prediction.
Determination Of Some Heavy Metals In Selected Cosmetic Products Sold At Iraqi Markets

The content of arsenic, lead and cadmium in different items of cosmetics was estimated using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Twenty samples with four brands (lipstick, foundation, eyeliner and eyeshadow) were chosen from cosmetic stores in Anbar, Iraq. After they have been analyzed, The results revealed that the level of lead in the lipstick, foundation, eyeliner and eyeshadow was within the range of 3.16 9.47 , 1.05 – 9.47 , 3.16 – 8.00 and 6.84 – 9.68 μg. g-1 , respectively. The content of lead and cadmium in items used is lower than the permissible limits according to a health Canada establishment. While the arsenic concentration in all items used in this study is higher than the permissible limits according to a health Canada establishment.
Regional Disparities in the Training Market: Opportunities for Adolescents to Obtain a Company-Based Training Place Depending on Regional Training Market Conditions

Context: Due to limited geographical mobility, opportunities for adolescents interested in company-based training are primarily dependent on regional training offers. Competition for company-based training among adolescents varies regionally, and thus, the chance to obtain a training contract varies as well. In this article, we investigate the opportunities for adolescents to obtain company-based training depending on regional training market conditions. We assume that the advantages of obtaining a company-based training place exist in areas of decreased competition among interested adolescents. However, the question is whether those advantages will differ between adolescents depending on characteristics such as school achievement, socioeconomic status or migration background. Furthermore, we assume that, above all, market-induced ease-of-access to company-based training exists for occupations that face hiring challenges and indicates less occupational attractiveness. Methods: The transition from school (after 9th and 10th grade) to company-based training is analysed using data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS, starting cohort 4). This dataset is merged with the official regional training market data regarding local supply and demand ratio for training places (called "SDR") in the dual system of Vocational Education and Training in Germany. Logistic regressions are used to predict the probabilities of obtaining a training place. The focus lies on the interaction effects between *Corresponding author: christian.michaelis@wiwi.uni-goettingen.de 88 Regional Disparities in the Training Market SDR and adolescents’ education-related characteristics (school certificates and grade point average), socioeconomic characteristics and migration backgrounds. Subgroup-specific analyses of different clusters of hiring challenges for trainee occupations are used to examine whether these effects are valid for all occupations. Findings: The results confirm regional differences in obtaining a training place depending on the SDR. Here, applicant hierarchies according to educational achievement continue to exist if competition for company-based training among adolescents decreases. Beneficiaries are better-qualified adolescents with poorer GPAs. SDR hardly influences social disparities. However, the advantages of obtaining a company-based training place primarily exist for training occupations with hiring challenges when competition for company-based training among adolescents decreases. These occupations have a significantly lower occupational prestige (ISEI-08) compared to occupations with fewer hiring challenges. Conclusion: The results make it clear that market-induced ease-of-access to company-based training is not necessarily an advantage. Because the findings indicate that the advantages pertain mainly to low-prestige occupations, it can be assumed that career-path disadvantages can arise down the road. Future studies should investigate this in more differentiated ways.
Findings of herbicide and fungicide residues in bee bread

The honey bee is one of the insects that is significantly endangered by the application of pesticides in the cultivation of crops. Not only is acute toxicity dangerous, but the importance of chronic poisoning by low doses of pesticides in hives is growing. The behavior of bees can be affected not only by insecticide residues but also by herbicide and fungicide residues. In 2016–2018, samples of bee bread were analysed for pesticide content at 25 different localities from intensive agricultural production areas of the Czech Republic. Substances were extracted by QuEChERS and determined by liquid chromatography, together with mass spectrometric detection. We detected up to 18 pesticides in one sample. In total, during 2016–2018, we identified 53 active substances. Fifteen substances (31%) were herbicidal, 23 substances (47%) of fungicidal nature and 6 substances (12%) of insecticidal nature. The coefficient of variation showed large differences in the frequency of revealed pesticides between years. For substances sprayed outside period attractive for pollinators (mainly herbicides and some fungicides), the usual methodology cannot reliably determine the degree of contamination, and thus the actual contamination with these substances may be even higher than demonstrated in this study.
Comparison of Physiological Responses and Training Load between Different CrossFit® Workouts with Equalized Volume in Men and Women

The purpose of the present study was to compare the heart rate (HR), blood lactate and training load between different CrossFit® workouts, with equalized total work volumes in men and women. The study included 23 individuals (13 men and 10 women) experienced in CrossFit® training, who performed two workouts with different training types (as many reps as possible (AMRAP) and ‘for time’) but an equalized volume. Measurements of lactate, HR and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were performed. The results show that there was no HR interaction between workout time and sex (p = 0.822; η2 = 0.006) and between workout type and sex (p = 0.064, η2 = 0.803). The HR significantly differed during each workout type (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.621), but not between the two workout types (p = 0.552, η2 = 0.017). Lactate showed no difference between the workout types (p = 0.474, η2 = 0.768), although the training load was higher (p = 0.033, η2 = 0.199) in women when they performed AMRAP. Altogether, the HR was not significantly different between training types or sex, while RPE, lactate and training load showed statistically significant differences depending on the group (women or men) or workout type (AMRAP or ‘for time’).
Sea-level changes in Iceland and the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation

15 We present a new, diatom-based sea-level reconstruction for Iceland spanning the last ~500 16 years, and investigate the possible mechanisms driving the sea-level changes. A sea-level 17 reconstruction from near the Icelandic low pressure system is important as it can improve 18 understanding of ocean-atmosphere forcing on North Atlantic sea-level variability over multi19 decadal to centennial timescales. Our reconstruction is from Viðarhólmi salt marsh in 20 Snæfellsnes in western Iceland, a site from where we previously obtained a 2000-yr record 21 based upon less precise sea-level indicators (salt-marsh foraminifera). The 20 century part 22
The utility of T-SPOT.TB for the diagnosis unconventional pleural tuberculosis is superior to ADA in high prevalence: A perspective analysis of 601 cases

BACKGROUND: Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) is still controversial in differentiating tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), through recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for identification of latent tuberculosis infection. OBJECTIVES: Aim to in comparison to Adenosine deaminase (ADA), evaluate the IGRA (T-SPOT.TB) diagnostic efficacy for TPE patients of different characteristics, to clarify its appropriate scene in clinical diagnosis. METHODS: A prospective, single-centre study including all suspected pleural effusion patients consecutively from June 2015 to October 2018. Through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, all enrolled participants were determined technical cut-off and the utility of IGRA for pleural fluid (PF). Obtain the independent risk factors by logistic regression analysis for TPE, and evaluate the performance of T-SPOT stratified by risk factors, in comparison to ADA. RESULTS: A total of 601 individuals were consecutively recruited. The maximum of early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) in PF T-SPOT had the best diagnostic efficiency in our study, with a sensitivity of 83.0% and a specificity of 83.1%, corresponding cut-off value is 466 SFCs/10 6 mononuclear cells, which was equal to ADA (0.885 vs 0.887, P=0.957) and superior than in PB; Among the TPE patients with low ADA(<40 IU/L), the sensitivity and specificity of PF T-SPOT was still 87.9%, 90.5% respectively. The utility of ADA was negative related to age ascents, but PF T-SPOT had steady performance at any age-stage. The age (<45 yrs; odds ratio (OR) = 5.61), gender (male; OR = 2.7) and body mass index (BMI) (<22; OR = 1.93) was independently associated with the risk of TB by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Stratified by risk factors, notably the PF T-SPOT had superior sensitivity (76.5% vs. 23.5%, P =0.016) than ADA meanwhile had the non-inferior specificity (84.4% vs. 96.9%, P =0.370). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the overall potency of PF T-SPOT assay is equal to ADA for diagnosing TPE. In addition, PF T-SPOT can effectively discriminate the TPE patients whose ADA lower than 40 IU/L, extremely superior to ADA in unconventional TPE patients (age>45yrs, female or BMI≧22). PF T-SPOT assay is an extremely good choice to supplement ADA to diagnose TPE.
The Review of Economics and Statistics

—This paper examines the effect of information technology (IT) on the relative demand for educated workers in U.S. industries from 1960 to 1996. After decomposing this effect into IT use and adoption, I ﬁnd that the use of IT is complementary with educated workers, and that educated workers have a comparative advantage in the adoption of IT. In total, IT use and adoption effects account for almost 40% of the acceleration in demand for educated workers since 1970. Moreover, the adoption of IT explains about one-third of the total IT effect on the acceleration in skill upgrading in the 1970s.
A comparative study of biochemical markers in precancerous and cancerous subjects with normal healthy individuals in Gujarat Population

Introduction: Globally oral cancer is the sixth most common cause of the death with India accounts for 86% of the world’s oral cancer cases. (1) Chronic use of tobacco, areca nuts and betel quid consumption results in progressive premalignant condition called oral sub mucous fibrosis. (2) Free radicals are released during the metabolism of tobacco and areca nut, that’s associated cell damage, leads to an imbalance between the pro-oxidant and antioxidant states. This imbalance plays an important causative role in carcinogenesis. (3) This malignant transformation rate is around 7.6%. (4) Materials and Method: Total 150 patients are selected for this study, out of which 50 patients are diagnosed oral submucous fibrosis, 50 patients are oral cancer and 50 patients are healthy non tobacco consuming control were included. In this study oxidative stress, Ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, copper, iron and acute phase protein were measured by using standard kit method. Result: Serum Melondialdehyde, C-reactive protein and copper concentration was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) as compared to healthy control due to the generation of free radicals by lipid peroxidation. Serum iron, Ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol were found to be significantly reduced (p < 0.001) than healthy control due to damage the epithelium and disturbance in collagen metabolism. Conclusion: Our observation suggested that serum Melondialdehyde, vitamin C, vitamin E can be used as marker of OSMF. Decreased Vitamin C & E is closely associated with increased Melondialdehyde, as the marker of oxidative stress is significant. Among the all trace elements, Serum copper and iron are highly significant markers for the early diagnosis of oral submucous fibrosis. The CRP Concentration is associated with development of oral cancer and also serves as a potential prognostic biomarker. Keywords: Oxidative stress, Antioxidant status, Trace elements, C-reactive protein
Effects Of Deferasirox Therapy On High Sensitivity C- Reactive Protein and Oxidative Stress Markers In Iron Overloaded, Beta-Thalassemic Patients

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effects of iron chelator deferasirox on markers of oxidative-stress and inflammation in Iron Overloaded blood transfused Beta-Thalassemic Patients by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antioxidant marker glutathione(GSH) and highlysensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in these patients in comparison with control subjects. Methods: A total of 105 patients with transfusion dependent β-thalassemia major were participated in this study. They were diagnosed by specialized pediatric physicians at Thalassemic Center in Ibn Al-Atheer Teaching Hospital in Mosul city, Iraq, during the period between October 2019 and March 2020. They were divided into two treatment groups. The first group was βthalassemic patients treated with monthly regular blood transfusion alone and the second group was βthalassemic patients treated with daily iron chelation therapy with oral deferasirox (DFX) (30-40mg/kg/day) in addition to regular blood transfusion. Sixtyfive healthy, not thalassemic subjects, were also participated in this study as a control group. High sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), marker of inflammation, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) , marker of oxidative stress , serum glutathione (GSH)and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) , markers of antioxidant capacity were measured for both patients and controls. Results: It has been found that βthalassemic patients on DFX therapy had a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in means hs-CRP and MDA levels, and a significant increase (P < 0.01) in TAC and GSH levels as compared with βthalassemic patients on regular blood transfusion alone and without DFX therapy . In addition , there is highly significant positive correlation between S.ferritin and hs-CRP (r=0.723, P < 0.01), and between S.ferritin and MDA (r= 0.675, P < 0.01), while there is a highly significant negative correlation between ferritin and TAC (r=0.422, P < 0.01), and between ferritin and GSH (r=-0.354, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Iron chelation therapy with DFX was effective in decreasing MDA and hs-CRP and increasing the antioxidant markers (GSH) and TAC in iron overloaded blood transfused beta thalassemic patients. Thus, DFX therapy can play important role in controlling oxidative stress and inflammation in these patients.
Effect of chronic exposure of wood dust on serum malondialdehyde, C- reactive protein in sawmill workers and their correlation with pulmonary function parameters

Background: Exposure to wood dust reduces the pulmonary function and it may cause inflammation and oxidative damage. A correlation of the biochemical parameter to the spirometric values of lung function parameters may be useful in selecting an alternative test parameter to assess lung function in conditions where performing spirometry is difficult. Objectives: Assessment of biomarker of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA), and inflammatory marker, c-reactive protein (CRP) along with pulmonary function test parameters, forced expiratory volume at first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and their ratio (FEV1/FVC) in sawmill workers and comparing with non sawmill workers.Correlation of biomarkers with pulmonary function test results. Methods: Spirometric measurements were taken by advising the subjects to breathe through the instrument. Serum MDA and CRP were estimated in the collected blood using standard procedures. Results: Significantly elevatedSerum MDA and CRP and lower lung function parameters, FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC were observed in sawmill workers compared to non sawmill workers. A significant positive correlation was observed between FVC and MDA with CRP. FEV1/FVC showed a significant negative correlation with MDA. Conclusion: Serum MDA and CRP were high in sawmill workers. Serum MDA may be used as an indicator of reduced pulmonary function in case of difficulty in performing spirometry. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 08, Issue 02 , 2021 1709
Intra-Crustal Seismicity Triggering in Shillong Massif – An Appraisal on Recent Seismicity

Shillong plateau in the North East India resembles a kind of inselberg, confined in between the great Himalayan mountain belts in the north and the Arakan-Yoma towards east. The study area is governed by a system of complex seismotectonic features responsible for the intense seismicity in the region, significantly the devastation aftermath the 1897 great Assam Earthquake (Ms~8.7). Spatio-temporal distribution of seismicity triggering inside the plateau from 1966 to 2013 suggests distinctly variable depthranges of seismicity zones within the crust. The depth section counterparts of the seismicity monitoring within Shillong plateau and its periphery infers the bottom of the seismogenic zone to lie at ~40km depth with an average depth of earthquake occurrence at 22.31km; besides, the study also dictates the dominant earthquake magnitude as ≤4.99Mw, wherein most of the earthquakes are confined within magnitude 3-5 Mw with an average magnitude 3.42 Mw. The study reveals intense seismic activity in the central and western part of Shillong plateau owing to the conjecture of a number of active faults. The present study incorporates both qualitative as well as quantitative approach while understanding the types of recent seismicity pattern in the Shillong massif. CONTACT Himanta Borgohain himantaborgohain@ymail.com Department of Applied Geology, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786004, Assam, India. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Enviro Research Publishers. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons license: Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY). Doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.12944/CWE.16. 1.22 Article History Received: 25 July 2020 Accepted: 01 February 2021
Some reproductive aspects of Oreochromis niloticus (LINNAEUS, 1758) at Peele reservoir, Nakanbé River Basin, Burkina Faso

Some reproductive parameters of Oreochromis niloticus have been studied from April 2015 to Mars 2017 at Peelé reservoir, Burkina Faso. Specimens of O. niloticus were collected monthly from traditional fishing. The overall sex-ratio was 1:0.98. Breeding period occurred from April to July and the spawning of oocytes began at the end of July. The length-weight relationship showed negative allometric growth. Value of condition factor (K) was affected by the measurement unit of length. The size at first maturity was found to be 110.41 mm of standard length (L) and 111.77 mm (L ) for females during the first year and the second year; the males one were respectively equal to 145.85 mm and 132.31 mm (L). Absolute fecundity ranged from 174 to 593 oocytes with a mean of 412 ± 28 oocytes while the relative fecundity has been estimated to 6 oocytes per gram of body weight.