Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of reduced cytochrome oxidase activity on peak oxygen consumption of muscle.

The impact of reduced muscle oxidative capacity on peak oxygen consumption and isometric performance was evaluated using an isolated rat hindlimb preparation perfused with a high oxygen delivery. Capacity for electron transport was reduced with chloramphenicol (CAP), an inhibitor of mitochondrial gene-coded protein synthesis. The activity of cytochrome oxidase, a mitochondrial cristae component, was reduced approximately 45% (P less than 0.005) in the mixed-fiber-type plantaris muscle. Several facets of muscle remodeling were also evident with the 10- to 14-day CAP treatment, including decreased citrate synthase activity, increased capillarity, and increased numbers of type IIc fibers. Perfusion of CAP (n = 6) and control (n = 7) rat hindlimbs of similar size with similar total flows (10-11 ml/min) and oxygen contents (20-21 vol%) resulted in similarly high oxygen deliveries to contracting muscles of the hindlimbs (CAP, 9.66 +/- 0.83 mumols.min-1.g-1; control, 8.74 +/- 0.75). Performance of the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus group declined in a similar fashion for both groups during increasingly intense near-steady-state tetanic contraction (100 ms at 100 Hz) conditions of 4, 8, 15, 30, 45, and 60 per minute. Oxygen consumption was similar for both groups at rest and increased similarly at each contraction condition. Peak oxygen consumption was not different between CAP (5.34 +/- 0.55 mumols.min-1.g-1) and control (5.74 +/- 0.43) groups and required only 56-68% of the oxygen delivered. This implies that rat skeletal muscle can suffer a significant reduction in its electron transport capacity without impairing peak oxygen consumption and muscle performance. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The developmental course of anxiety symptoms during adolescence: the TRAILS study.

BACKGROUND Little is known about the development of anxiety symptoms from late childhood to late adolescence. The present study determined developmental trajectories of symptoms of separation anxiety disorder (SAD), social phobia (SoPh), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in a large prospective community cohort. METHODS Anxiety symptoms were assessed in a community sample of 2220 boys and girls at three time-points across a 5-year interval. The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) was used to assess anxiety symptoms, and multilevel growth-curve analyses were performed. RESULTS All subtypes of anxiety first showed a decrease in symptoms (beta for age ranged from -.05 to -.13, p < .0001), followed by a leveling off of the decrease, and a subsequent slight increase in symptoms (beta for age-squared ranged from .006 to .01, p < .0001) from middle adolescence (GAD, SoPh, SAD) or late adolescence (PD and OCD) onwards. This increase in anxiety symptoms could not be explained by a co-occurring increase in depression symptoms. Girls had more anxiety symptoms than boys, and this difference remained stable during adolescence (p < .0001). Gender differences were strongly attenuated by adjustment for symptoms of depression. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows that, in the general population, anxiety symptoms first decrease during early adolescence, and subsequently increase from middle to late adolescence. These findings extend our knowledge on the developmental course of anxiety symptoms during adolescence. This is the first study to separate the development of anxiety symptoms from that of symptoms of depression.
Leukocyte Hsp72 mRNA transcription does not differ between males and females during heat acclimation

ABSTRACT Purpose: Thermotolerance is an acquired state of increased cytoprotection achieved following single or repeated exposures to heat stress, in part characterized by changes in the intracellular 72 kda heat shock protein (HSP72; HSPA1A). Females have demonstrated reduced exercise induced HSP72 in comparison to males. This study examined sex differences in heat shock protein 72 messenger ribonucleic acid (Hsp72 mRNA) transcription during heat acclimation (HA) to identify whether sex differences were a result of differential gene transcription. Methods: Ten participants (5M, 5F) performed 10, 90 min controlled hyperthermia [rectal temperature (Tre) ≥ 38.5°C] HA sessions over 12 d. Leukocyte Hsp72 mRNA was measured pre and post D1, D5, and D10, via Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR). Results: HA was evidenced by a reduction in resting Tre (−0.4 ± 0.5°C) and resting heart rate [(HR); −13 ± 7 beats.min−1] following HA (p ≤ 0.05). During HA no difference (p > 0.05) was observed in ΔTre between males (D1 = 1.5 ± 0.2°C; D5 = 1.6 ± 0.4°C; D10 = 1.8 ± 0.3°C) and females (D1 = 1.5 ± 0.5°C; D5 = 1.4 ± 0.2°C; D10 = 1.8 ± 0.3°C). This was also true of mean Tre demonstrating equality of thermal stimuli for mRNA transcription and HA. There were no differences (p > 0.05) in Hsp72 mRNA expression between HA sessions or between males (D1 = +1.8 ± 1.5-fold; D5 = +2.0 ± 1.0 fold; D10 = +1.1 ± 0.4-fold) and females (D1 = +2.6 ± 1.8-fold; D5 = +1.8 ± 1.4-fold; D10 = +0.9 ± 1.9-fold). Conclusions: This experiment demonstrates that there is no difference in Hsp72 mRNA increases during HA between sexes when controlled hyperthermia HA is utilised. Gender specific differences in exercise-induced HSP72 reported elsewhere likely result from post-transcriptional events.
Epidemiological Investigation of an Outbreak of Hepatitis A at a Residential Facility for the Disabled, 2011

Objectives An outbreak of hepatitis A occurred at a residential facility for the disabled in July 10, 2011. This investigation was carried out to develop a response plan, and to find the infection source of the disease. Methods A field epidemiologist investigated the symptoms, vaccination histories, living environments, and probable infection sources with 51 residents and 31 teachers and staff members. In July 25, 81 subjects were tested for the hepatitis A virus antibody, and specimens of the initial 3 cases and the last case were genetically tested. Results Three cases occurred July 10 to 14, twelve cases August 3 to 9, and the last case on August 29. Among the teachers and staff, no one was IgM positive (on July 25). The base sequences of the initial 3 and of the last case were identical. The vehicle of the outbreak was believed to be a single person. The initial 3 patients were exposed at the same time and they might have disseminated the infection among the patients who developed symptoms in early August, and the last patient might have, in turn, been infected by the early August cases. Conclusions The initial source of infection is not clear, but volunteers could freely come into contact with residents, and an infected volunteer might have been the common infection source of the initial patients. Volunteers' washing their hands only after their activity might be the cause of this outbreak. Although there may be other possible causes, it would be reasonable to ask volunteers to wash their hands both before and after their activities.
Competition of rotation and stratification in flux concentrations

Context. In a strongly stratified turbulent layer, a uniform horizontal magnetic field can become unstable and spontaneously form local flux concentrations due to a negative contribution of turbulence to the large-scale (mean-field) magnetic pressure. This mechanism, which is called negative effective magnetic pressure instability (NEMPI), is of interest in connection with dynamo scenarios in which most of the magnetic field resides in the bulk of the convection zone and not at the bottom, as is often assumed. Recent work using mean-field hydromagnetic equations has shown that NEMPI becomes suppressed at rather low rotation rates with Coriolis numbers as low as 0.1. Aims. Here we extend these earlier investigations by studying the effects of rotation both on the development of NEMPI and on the effective magnetic pressure. We also quantify the kinetic helicity resulting from direct numerical simulations (DNS) with Coriolis numbers and strengths of stratification comparable to values near the solar surface and compare it with earlier work at smaller scale separation ratios. Further, we estimate the expected observable signals of magnetic helicity at the solar surface. Methods. To calculate the rotational effect on the effective magnetic pressure we consider both DNS and analytical studies using the tau approach. To study the effects of rotation on the development of NEMPI we use both DNS and mean-field calculations of the three-dimensional hydromagnetic equations in a Cartesian domain. Results. We find that the growth rates of NEMPI from earlier mean-field calculations are well reproduced with DNS, provided the Coriolis number is below 0.06. In that case, kinetic and magnetic helicities are found to be weak and the rotational effect on the effective magnetic pressure is negligible as long as the production of flux concentrations is not inhibited by rotation. For faster rotation, dynamo action becomes possible. However, there is an intermediate range of rotation rates where dynamo action on its own is not yet possible, but the rotational suppression of NEMPI is being alleviated. Conclusions. Production of magnetic flux concentrations through the suppression of turbulent pressure appears to be possible only in the uppermost layers of the Sun, where the convective turnover time is less than two hours.
RAISING WAVES IN THE MANAGEMENT AND TRAINING OF SECURITY CHECK OFFICERS

The aim of this study is to advance the training and competence building of the security check officers on the practice level. The task of the research is to uncover the challenges and a search for solutions in the work and training of the security check officers. Our research questions are: What are the main challenges experienced by security check officers in their work? In which circumstances and why are these challenges emerging in the work of security check officers? How are these challenges worked out in the meeting of supervisory board?
Mlh1-Mlh3, a Meiotic Crossover and DNA Mismatch Repair Factor, Is a Msh2-Msh3-stimulated Endonuclease*

Background: Meiotic crossing over requires resolution of Holliday junctions through actions of the DNA mismatch repair factor Mlh1-Mlh3. Results: Mlh1-Mlh3 is a metal-dependent, Msh2-Msh3-stimulated endonuclease. Conclusion: Our observations support a direct role for Mlh1-Mlh3 endonuclease activity in recombination and repair. Significance: An enzymatic activity is identified for a key recombination and repair factor. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes is initiated in meiotic prophase in most sexually reproducing organisms by the appearance of programmed double strand breaks throughout the genome. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the double-strand breaks are resected to form three prime single-strand tails that primarily invade complementary sequences in unbroken homologs. These invasion intermediates are converted into double Holliday junctions and then resolved into crossovers that facilitate homolog segregation during Meiosis I. Work in yeast suggests that Msh4-Msh5 stabilizes invasion intermediates and double Holliday junctions, which are resolved into crossovers in steps requiring Sgs1 helicase, Exo1, and a putative endonuclease activity encoded by the DNA mismatch repair factor Mlh1-Mlh3. We purified Mlh1-Mlh3 and showed that it is a metal-dependent and Msh2-Msh3-stimulated endonuclease that makes single-strand breaks in supercoiled DNA. These observations support a direct role for an Mlh1-Mlh3 endonuclease activity in resolving recombination intermediates and in DNA mismatch repair.
Automatic Prediction of Trauma Registry Procedure Codes from Emergency Room Dictations

Current natural language processing techniques for recognition of concepts in the electronic medical record have been insufficient to allow their broad use for coding information automatically. We have undertaken a preliminary investigation into the use of machine learning methods to recognize procedure codes from emergency room dictations for a trauma registry. Our preliminary results indicate moderate success, and we believe future enhancements with additional learning techniques and selected natural language processing approaches will be fruitful.
Windows mobile and tablet app for acoustic signature based machine health monitoring

With the availability of new APIs and IDE, App development has become easier than ever before. Fast processors, better RAM, better OS functionality and better storage options have given Smartphones and Tablets the capability to perform most functions for which previously a larger computing device was used. In this paper, we discuss about an application for performing Condition Based Monitoring (CBM) meant for Industrial Machines developed on two platforms namely Windows Mobile OS and Windows Tablet OS (Windows 8 Pro). The challenges faced in each platform and how they were encountered for making this into a successful app on Windows based smartphone & tablet for industrial use, have been thoroughly discussed in this paper. The application uses acoustic recordings and data mining techniques to distinguish between healthy and faulty states of a machine. The developed smartphone application was trained successfully on a reciprocating type air compressor for distinguishing Leakage Inlet Valve fault from Healthy state and was able to accurately detect the fault.
Cholesterol auxotrophy and intolerance to ezetimibe in mice with SREBP-2 deficiency in the intestine

SREBP-2 activates transcription of all genes needed for cholesterol biosynthesis. To study SREBP-2 function in the intestine, we generated a mouse model (Vil-BP2−/−) in which Cre recombinase ablates SREBP-2 in intestinal epithelia. Intestines of Vil-BP2−/− mice had reduced expression of genes required for sterol synthesis, in vivo sterol synthesis rates, and epithelial cholesterol contents. On a cholesterol-free diet, the mice displayed chronic enteropathy with histological abnormalities of both villi and crypts, growth restriction, and reduced survival that was prevented by supplementation of cholesterol in the diet. Likewise, SREBP-2-deficient enteroids required exogenous cholesterol for growth. Blockade of luminal cholesterol uptake into enterocytes with ezetimibe precipitated acutely lethal intestinal damage in Vil-BP2−/− mice, highlighting the critical interplay in the small intestine of sterol absorption via NPC1L1 and sterol synthesis via SREBP-2 in sustaining the intestinal mucosa. These data show that the small intestine requires SREBP-2 to drive cholesterol synthesis that sustains the intestinal epithelia when uptake of cholesterol from the gut lumen is not available, and provide a unique example of cholesterol auxotrophy expressed in an intact, adult mammal.
Aging and Replicative Senescence Have Related Effects on Human Stem and Progenitor Cells

The regenerative potential diminishes with age and this has been ascribed to functional impairments of adult stem cells. Cells in culture undergo senescence after a certain number of cell divisions whereby the cells enlarge and finally stop proliferation. This observation of replicative senescence has been extrapolated to somatic stem cells in vivo and might reflect the aging process of the whole organism. In this study we have analyzed the effect of aging on gene expression profiles of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). MSC were isolated from bone marrow of donors between 21 and 92 years old. 67 genes were age-induced and 60 were age-repressed. HPC were isolated from cord blood or from mobilized peripheral blood of donors between 27 and 73 years and 432 genes were age-induced and 495 were age-repressed. The overlap of age-associated differential gene expression in HPC and MSC was moderate. However, it was striking that several age-related gene expression changes in both MSC and HPC were also differentially expressed upon replicative senescence of MSC in vitro. Especially genes involved in genomic integrity and regulation of transcription were age-repressed. Although telomerase activity and telomere length varied in HPC particularly from older donors, an age-dependent decline was not significant arguing against telomere exhaustion as being causal for the aging phenotype. These studies have demonstrated that aging causes gene expression changes in human MSC and HPC that vary between the two different cell types. Changes upon aging of MSC and HPC are related to those of replicative senescence of MSC in vitro and this indicates that our stem and progenitor cells undergo a similar process also in vivo.
Improved performance and variation modelling for hierarchical-based optimisation of analogue integrated circuits

A new approach in hierarchical optimisation is presented which is capable of optimising both the performance and yield of an analogue design. Performance and yield trade offs are analysed using a combination of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms and Monte Carlo simulations. A behavioural model that combines the performance and variation for a given circuit topology is developed which can be used to optimise the system level structure. The approach enables top-down system optimisation, not only for performance but also for yield. The model has been developed in Verilog-A and tested extensively with practical designs using the Spectre simulator. A performance and variation model of a 5 stage voltage controlled ring oscillator has been developed and a PLL design is used to demonstrate hierarchical optimisation at the system level. The results have been verified with transistor level simulations and suggest that an accurate performance and yield prediction can be achieved with the proposed algorithm.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Screening for Celiac Disease in the Adult Population

Background . Celiac disease (CD) is common and, when undiagnosed, may result in increased mortality, suggesting that mass screening could be justified. The authors examined the cost-effectiveness (CE) of such an approach, assuming a higher mortality rate in undiagnosed CD and that adhering to a gluten-free diet (GFD) reduces the mortality rate. Methods . The authors developed a state transition Markov model, evaluating the CE of screening an entire population at the age of 18. Screening strategies included no screening v. screening by IgA antiendomysial antibodies (EMA), IgA human antitissue transglutaminase antibodies (TTG), and TTG verified by EMA. All strategies were examined with and without evaluation for IgA deficiency, and they all included an intestinal biopsy. Effects of variables were examined using sensitivity analysis. Effectiveness was assessed by life expectancy for each strategy and the incremental average CE ratio for each. Results . Base-case analysis revealed US$49,491 and US$572,616 per life year gained for screening compared to no screening using EMA or TTG, respectively. The CE of screening with EMA was most influenced by the prevalence of CD and the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for untreated CD patients. Screening was cost-effective in populations with a relatively high prevalence of CD or when the SMR for untreated CD patients was higher than 1.5. The model was insensitive to changes in the cost of serological markers and diagnostic endoscopy. Conclusion . Assuming an SMR of 1.5 or higher for untreated CD patients, mass screening for CD is cost-effective in populations with a relatively high prevalence of CD over a wide range of ages at screening. From a CE perspective, EMA is the preferred serological marker for mass screening. Screening for CD would be justified only if the uncertainties regarding the validity of our assumptions are substantiated.
T-DNS

DNS is the canonical protocol for connectionless UDP. Yet DNS today is challenged by eavesdropping that compromises privacy, source-address spoofing that results in denial-of-service (DoS) attacks on the server and third parties, injection attacks that exploit fragmentation, and size limitations that constrain policy and operational choices. We propose T-DNS to address these problems. It uses TCP to smoothly support large payloads and to mitigate spoofing and amplification for DoS. T-DNS uses transport-layer security (TLS) to provide privacy from users to their DNS resolvers and optionally to authoritative servers. Our model shows end-to-end latency from TLS to the recursive resolver is only about 9% slower when UDP is used to the authoritative server, and 22% slower with TCP to the authoritative. With diverse traces we show that frequent connection reuse is possible (60-95% for stub and recursive resolvers, although half that for authoritative servers). Our experiment shows that after connection establishment, TCP and TLS latency is equivalent to UDP. With conservative timeouts (20 s at authoritative servers and 60 s elsewhere) and conservative estimates of connection state memory requirements, we show that server memory requirements well within current, commodity server hardware. We identify the key design and implementation decisions needed to minimize overhead: query pipelining, out-of-order responses, TLS connection resumption, and plausible timeouts. This poster abstract summarizes work we describe in detail in ISI-TR-2014-693.
Using Co-Composition for Acquiring Syntactic and Semantic Subcategorisation

Natural language parsing requires extensive lexicons containing subcategorisation information for specific sublanguages. This paper describes an unsupervised method for acquiring both syntactic and semantic subcategorisation restrictions from corpora. Special attention will be paid to the role of co-composition in the acquisition strategy. The acquired information is used for lexicon tuning and parsing improvement.
Early Visual Perception Potentiated by Object Affordances: Evidence From a Temporal Order Judgment Task

Perceived objects automatically potentiate afforded action. Object affordances also facilitate perception of such objects, and this occurrence is known as the affordance effect. This study examined whether object affordances facilitate the initial visual processing stage, or perceptual entry processes, using the temporal order judgment task. The onset of the graspable (right-handled) coffee cup was perceived earlier than that of the less graspable (left-handled) cup for right-handed participants. The affordance effect was eliminated when the coffee cups were inverted, which presumably conveyed less affordance information. These results suggest that objects preattentively potentiate the perceptual entry processes in response to their affordances.