Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How different can h‐cobordant manifolds be?

We study the homeomorphism types of manifolds h ‐cobordant to a fixed one. Our investigation is partly motivated by the notion of special manifolds introduced by Milnor in his study of lens spaces. In particular, we revisit and clarify some of the claims concerning h ‐cobordisms of these manifolds.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Emerging Principles of Precision Medicine across Basic Science to Clinical Practice

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an enigmatic and deadly vascular disease with no known cure. Recent years have seen rapid advances in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of PAH, with an expanding knowledge of the molecular, cellular, and systems-level drivers of disease that are being translated into novel therapeutic modalities. Simultaneous advances in clinical technology have led to a growing list of tools with potential application to diagnosis and phenotyping. Guided by fundamental biology, these developments hold the potential to usher in a new era of personalized medicine in PAH with broad implications for patient management and great promise for improved outcomes.
The al function of a cyclic trigonal curve of genus three

A cyclic trigonal curve of genus three is a $\mathbb{Z}_3$ Galois cover of $\mathbb{P}^1$, therefore can be written as a smooth plane curve with equation $y^3 = f(x) =(x - b_1) (x - b_2) (x - b_3) (x - b_4)$. Following Weierstrass for the hyperelliptic case, we define an ``$\mathrm{al}$'' function for this curve and $\mathrm{al}^{(c)}_r$, $c=0,1,2$, for each one of three particular covers of the Jacobian of the curve, and $r=1,2,3,4$ for a finite branchpoint $(b_r,0)$. This generalization of the Jacobi $\mathrm{sn}$, $\mathrm{cn}$, $\mathrm{dn}$ functions satisfies the relation: $$ \sum_{r=1}^4 \frac{\prod_{c=0}^2\mathrm{al}_r^{(c)}(u)}{f'(b_r)} = 1 $$ which generalizes $\mathrm{sn}^2u + \mathrm{cn}^2u = 1$. We also show that this can be viewed as a special case of the Frobenius theta identity.
Engineering spin-orbit torque in Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

To address thermal stability issues for spintronic devices with a reduced size, we investigate spin-orbit torque in Co/Pt multilayers with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Note that the spin-orbit torque arises from the global imbalance of the spin currents from the top and bottom interfaces for each Co layer. By inserting Ta or Cu layers to strengthen the top-down asymmetry, the spin-orbit torque efficiency can be greatly modified without compromised perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Above all, the efficiency builds up as the number of layers increases, realizing robust thermal stability and high spin-orbit-torque efficiency simultaneously in the multilayers structure.
New insights on the formation of nuclear star clusters

Nuclear Clusters (NCs) are common stellar systems in the centres of galaxies. Yet, the physical mechanisms involved in their formation are still debated. Using a parsec-resolution hydrodynamical simulation of a dwarf galaxy, we propose an updated formation scenario for NCs. In this 'wet migration scenario', a massive star cluster forms in the gas-rich disc, keeping a gas reservoir, and growing further while it migrates to the centre via a combination of interactions with other substructures and dynamical friction. A wet merger with another dense cluster and its own gas reservoir can occur, although this is not a pre-requisite for the actual formation of the NC. The merging process does significantly alter the properties of the NC (mass, morphology, star formation history), also quenching the on-going local star formation activity, thus leading to interesting observational diagnostics for the physical origin of NCs. A population of lower mass clusters co-exist during the simulation, but these are either destroyed via tidal forces, or have high angular momentum preventing them to interact with the NC and contribute to its growth. The proposed updated scenario emphasises the role of gas reservoirs associated with the densest star clusters formed in a gas-rich low-mass galaxy.
HALL EFFECT CONTROLLED GAS DYNAMICS IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS. II. FULL 3D SIMULATIONS TOWARD THE OUTER DISK

We perform three-dimensional stratified shearing-box magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations on the gas dynamics of protoplanetary disks with a net vertical magnetic flux of Bz0. All three nonideal MHD effects, Ohmic resistivity, the Hall effect, and ambipolar diffusion, are included in a self-consistent manner based on equilibrium chemistry. We focus on regions toward outer disk radii, from 5 to 60 AU, where Ohmic resistivity tends to become negligible, ambipolar diffusion dominates over an extended region across the disk height, and the Hall effect largely controls the dynamics near the disk midplane. We find that at around R = 5 AU the system launches a laminar or weakly turbulent magnetocentrifugal wind when the net vertical field Bz0 is not too weak. Moreover, the wind is able to achieve and maintain a configuration with reflection symmetry at the disk midplane. The case with anti-aligned field polarity () is more susceptible to the magnetorotational instability (MRI) when Bz0 decreases, leading to an outflow oscillating in radial directions and very inefficient angular momentum transport. At the outer disk around and beyond R = 30 AU, the system shows vigorous MRI turbulence in the surface layer due to far-UV ionization, which efficiently drives disk accretion. The Hall effect affects the stability of the midplane region to the MRI, leading to strong/weak Maxwell stress for aligned/anti-aligned field polarities. Nevertheless, the midplane region is only very weakly turbulent in both cases. Overall, the basic picture is analogous to the conventional layered accretion scenario applied to the outer disk. In addition, we find that the vertical magnetic flux is strongly concentrated into thin, azimuthally extended shells in most of our simulations beyond 15 AU, leading to enhanced radial density variations know as zonal flows. Theoretical implications and observational consequences are briefly discussed.
Testing the distance duality relation using type Ia supernovae and ultracompact radio sources

We test the possible deviation of the cosmic distance duality relation D_A(z)(1 + z)^2/D_L(z) ≡ 1 using the standard candles/rulers in a fully model-independent manner. Type Ia supernovae are used as the standard candles to derive the luminosity distance D_L(z), and ultracompact radio sources are used as the standard rulers to obtain the angular diameter distance D_A(z). We write the deviation of distance duality relation as D_A(z)(1 + z)^2/D_L(z) = η(z). Specifically, we use two parametrizations of η(z), i.e. η_1(z) = 1 + η_0z and η_2(z) = 1 + η_0z/(1 + z). The parameter η_0 is obtained using the Markov chain Monte Carlo methods by comparing D_L(z) and D_A(z) at the same redshift. The best-fitting results are η_0 = −0.06 ± 0.05 and −0.18 ± 0.16 for the first and second parametrizations, respectively. Our results depend on neither the cosmological models nor the matter contents or the curvature of the Universe.
The Potential of Carbon Emissions Reductions of Public Bikes

The reduction of carbon emissions has become a heated background topic in the context of climate change. This paper estimates the potential for carbon reduction from the use of public bikes, on the basis of a travel mode choice model and a carbon emission calculation model. A probability model for the travel mode choice is built to predict travel demands of different modes, and is based on the Logit-based stochastic user equilibrium model. According to this, the generalized travel cost of choosing to walk increases with distance, but the cost of choosing a taxi decreases with distance. When the trip distance is 1.4 km, the walk cost equals to that of the taxi, while if the trip distance is smaller than 1.4 km, the probability of the walk is larger than of a taxi, and vice versa. The case of Ningbo is analyzed. Based on the monthly travel data, the travel characteristics of the public bikes are first analyzed; these indicate that the medium travel distance is 1.44 km, and that the number of trips less than 1.6 km accounts for 70% of all trips. This reveals that the public bike trips are mainly short-distance and in workday rush hour. The related carbon emission reductions of Ningbo on average are 1.97 kg/person and 1.98 kg/km2, and the reductions are positively linearly related to the average hourly total turnover rate, which means the turnover rate is a great parameter to reflect the capability of carbon emission reductions.
SPATIALLY RESOLVED STAR FORMATION HISTORY ALONG THE DISK OF M82 USING MULTI-BAND PHOTOMETRIC DATA

We present results on the star formation history and extinction in the disk of M82 over spatial scales of 10″ (∼180 pc). Multi-band photometric data covering the far-ultraviolet to the near-infrared bands were fitted to a grid of synthetic spectral energy distributions. We obtained distribution functions of age and extinction for each of the 117 apertures analyzed, taking into account observational errors through Monte Carlo simulations. These distribution functions were fitted with Gaussian functions to obtain the mean ages and extinctions together with their errors. The zones analyzed include the high surface brightness complexes defined by O'Connell & Mangano. We found that these complexes share the same star formation history and extinction as the field stellar populations in the disk. There is an indication that the stellar populations are marginally older at the outer disk (450 Myr at ∼3 kpc) as compared to the inner disk (100 Myr at 0.5 kpc). For the nuclear region (radius less than 500 pc), we obtained an age of less than 10 Myr. The results obtained in this work are consistent with the idea that the 0.5–3 kpc part of the disk of M82 formed around 90% of the stellar mass in a star-forming episode that started around 450 Myr ago and lasted for about 350 Myr. We found that field stars are the major contributors to the flux over the spatial scales analyzed in this study, with the stellar cluster contribution being 7% in the nucleus and 0.7% in the disk.
A discrete chemo-dynamical model of the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Sculptor: mass profile, velocity anisotropy and internal rotation

We present a new discrete chemo-dynamical axisymmetric modelling technique, which we apply to the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Sculptor. The major improvement over previous Jeans models is that realistic chemical distributions are included directly in the dynamical modelling of the discrete data. This avoids loss of information due to spatial binning and eliminates the need for hard cuts to remove contaminants and to separate stars based on their chemical properties. Using a combined likelihood in position, metallicity and kinematics, we find that our models naturally separate Sculptor stars into a metal-rich and a metal-poor population. Allowing for non-spherical symmetry, our approach provides a central slope of the dark matter density of γ = 0.5 ± 0.3. The metal-rich population is nearly isotropic (with β _r^{red} = 0.0± 0.1), while the metal-poor population is tangentially anisotropic (with β _r^{blue} = -0.2± 0.1) around the half-light radius of 0.26 kpc. A weak internal rotation of the metal-rich population is revealed with vmax/σ0 = 0.15 ± 0.15. We run tests using mock data to show that a discrete data set with ˜6000 stars is required to distinguish between a core (γ = 0) and cusp (γ = 1), and to constrain the possible internal rotation to better than 1σ confidence with our model. We conclude that our discrete chemo-dynamical modelling technique provides a flexible and powerful tool to robustly constrain the internal dynamics of multiple populations, and the total mass distribution in a stellar system.
The Relationship Between Household Characteristics and Beef Consumption in Batang Toru District, South Tapanuli Regency

Animal protein one of which is obtained by consuming meat. This study aims to determine the social and economic characteristic of household and to analyze the factors that influence household beef consumtion in Batang Toru District. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis by directly observing the social and economic conditions of the household, then using a questionnaire to obtain data on the socio-economic conditions of the household. The results of the study indicate that beef consumers in Batang Toru district have differents socio-economic charasterictics, both in terms of education, age, number of family members and income. The socio-economic charasteristics of beef consumers, namely education, age, number of family members and income, have a significant effect on the amount of beef consumption. While the variable number of family members does not significantly affect on the amount of beef consumtion.
Ergodic invariant measures on the space of geodesic currents

Let $S$ be a compact, connected, oriented surface, possibly with boundary, of negative Euler characteristic. In this article we extend Lindenstrauss-Mirzakhani's and Hamenst\"adt's classification of locally finite mapping class group invariant ergodic measures on the space of measured laminations $\mathcal{ML}(S)$ to the space of geodesic currents $\mathcal{C}(S)$. Moreover, we also extend their classification of orbit closures to $\mathcal{C}(S)$. Our argument relies on Lindenstrauss-Mirzakhani's results and on the standard decomposition of a current into a sum of three currents with disjoint supports: a measured lamination without closed leaves, a simple multi-curve and a current that binds its hull.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL LITERACY AND DIGITAL WORKPLACE ON E-LEADERSHIP OF EDUCATORS AND EDUCATION STAFF OF A STATE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL

The development of information and communication technology has influenced the current leadership style. Leadership not only can be implemented face-to-face, but can also be done through the use of electronic devices and the internet, which is called e-leadership. This study aims to obtain an empirical picture about the influence of digital literacy and digital workplace on e-leadership of educators and education staff of State Vocational Schools 5 Pekanbaru – Riau, either partially or simultaneously. This research was conducted from January to June 2022, but the data was collected in March 2022. The research instrument was a questionnaire given to 95 educators and education staff selected as the samples. The obtained data then analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results of data analysis show that digital literacy has a significant influence as many as 30% on e-leadership and the digital workplace has a significant influence as many as 47.1% on e-leadership. Simultaneously digital literacy and digital workplace influence as many as 32%. on e-leadership. This implies that it is necessary to improve the digital literacy and digital workplace skills of educators and education staff of State Vocational Schools 5 Pekanbaru – Riau to improve their e-leadership skills
Potential Plasma Metabolite Biomarkers of Diabetic Nephropathy: Untargeted Metabolomics Study

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the specific complications of diabetes mellitus and one of the leading kidney-related disorders, often requiring renal replacement therapy. Currently, the tests commonly used for the diagnosis of DN, albuminuria (AU) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), have limited sensitivity and specificity and can usually be noted when typical morphological changes in the kidney have already been manifested. That is why the extreme urgency of the problem of early diagnosis of this disease exists. The untargeted metabolomics analysis of blood plasma samples from 80 patients with type 1 diabetes and early and late stages of DN according to GFR was performed using direct injection mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis for diagnosing signatures construction. Among the dysregulated metabolites, combinations of 15 compounds, including amino acids and derivatives, monosaccharides, organic acids, and uremic toxins were selected for signatures for DN diagnosis. The selected metabolite combinations have shown high performance for diagnosing of DN, especially for the late stage (up to 99%). Despite the metabolite signature determined for the early stage of DN being characterized by a diagnostic performance of 81%, these metabolites as potential biomarkers might be useful in the evaluation of treatment of the disease, especially at early stages that may reduce the risk of kidney failure development.
Antioxidant Effects of Roasted Licorice in a Zebrafish Model and Its Mechanisms

Licorice (Gan-Cao, licorice) is a natural antioxidant and roasted licorice is the most common processing specification used in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. Traditional Chinese medicine theory deems that the honey-roasting process can promote the efficacy of licorice, including tonifying the spleen and augmenting “Qi” (energy). The antioxidant activity and mechanisms underlying roasted licorice have not yet been reported. In this study, we found that roasted licorice could relieve the oxidative stress injury induced by metronidazole (MTZ) and could restrain the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) in a zebrafish model. It was further found that roasted licorice could exert its oxidative activity by upregulating the expression of key genes such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), glutamate–cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) in the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, consistent results were obtained showing that rat serum containing roasted licorice was estimated to reduce cell apoptosis induced by H2O2. Then, the UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS analysis results elucidated the chemical composition of rat plasma containing roasted licorice extracts, including ten prototype chemical components and five metabolic components. Among them, six compounds were found to have binding activity with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), which plays a crucial role in the transcriptional activity of NRF2, using a molecular docking simulation. The results also showed that liquiritigenin had the strongest binding ability with KEAP1. Immunofluorescence further confirmed that liquiritigenin could induce the nuclear translocation of NRF2. In summary, this study provides a better understanding of the antioxidant effect and mechanisms of roasted licorice, and lays a theoretical foundation for the development of a potential antioxidant for use in clinical practice.
Optical self-focusing effect in coherent light scattering with condensates

We present a theoretical investigation of optical self-focusing effects in light scattering with condensates. Using long (>200 µs), red-detuned pulses we show numerically that a non-negligible self-focusing effect is present that causes rapid optical beam width reduction as the scattered field propagates through a medium with an inhomogeneous density distribution. The rapid growth of the scattered field intensity and significant local density feedback positively to further enhance the wave generation process and condensate compression, leading to highly efficient collective atomic recoil motion.
Extremal metrics on fibrations

Consider a fibred compact Kähler manifold X endowed with a relatively ample line bundle, such that each fibre admits a constant scalar curvature Kähler (cscK) metric and has discrete automorphism group. Assuming the base of the fibration admits a twisted extremal metric where the twisting form is a certain Weil–Petersson type metric, we prove that X admits an extremal metric for polarisations making the fibres small. Thus, X admits a cscK metric if and only if the Futaki invariant vanishes. This extends a result of Fine who proved this result when the base admits no continuous automorphisms.
Frequency of Egg Intake Associated with Mortality in Chinese Adults: An 8-Year Nationwide Cohort Study

Whether egg consumption plays a beneficial/detrimental role in affecting human health and longevity has been debated for decades. Large-scale cohort evidence from low- and middle-income populations are scarce. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of egg consumption with mortality in Chinese adults. A nationwide cohort of 30,835 participants ages 16–110 years were enrolled from 25 provincial regions in China’s mainland. Dietary intake (e.g., egg, meat, vegetable) was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations between egg consumption and mortality, adjusting for demographic characteristics, dietary factors and health status. Dose–response relationships were investigated using the smoothing function of restricted cubic splines. Several subgroup analyses were performed. A total of 1651 all-cause deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 8.1 years. Egg consumption was associated with lower risks of mortality, with the lowest risk occurring in the group of moderate egg intake (3–6 times/week). Compared with non-consumers, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for mortality were 0.84 (0.72–0.97) for 3–6 times/week and 0.82 (0.69–0.98) for ≥7 times/week, whereas no significant associations were observed among the lower egg intake group (1–2/week). An approximately inverted J-shaped association was observed in three models, while restricting our analysis in the multivariable model (model 3) did not identify a significant violation for the linear relationship (p for nonlinear = 0.122). There were no statistically significant effect modifications in the subgroup analyses. Egg consumption may be associated with lower risks of mortality in Chinese adults. Our findings found moderate-to-high egg consumption might be beneficial for improving long-term health and longevity.
SODIUM–OXYGEN ANTICORRELATION AMONG HORIZONTAL BRANCH STARS IN THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER M4

The horizontal branch (HB) morphology of globular clusters (GCs) is mainly governed by metallicity. The second parameter problem, well known since the 1960s, states that metallicity alone is not enough to describe the observed HB morphology of many GCs. Despite many efforts to resolve this issue, the second parameter phenomenon still remains without a satisfactory explanation. We have analyzed blue-HB, red-HB, and RR-Lyrae stars in the GC M4 and studied their Fe, Na, and O abundances. Our goal is to investigate possible connections between the bimodal HB of M4 and the chemical signatures of the two stellar populations recently discovered among red giants of this cluster. We obtained FLAMES-UVES/GIRAFFE spectra of a sample of 22 stars covering the HB from the red to the blue region. While iron has the same abundance in both the red-HB and blue-HB segments, the red-HB is composed of stars with scaled-solar sodium abundances, while the blue-HB stars are all sodium enhanced and oxygen depleted. The RR-Lyrae are Na-poor, as the red-HB stars, and O-rich. This is what we expect if the blue-HB consists of a second generation of stars formed from the ejecta produced by an earlier stellar population through high-temperature hydrogen-burning processes that include the CNO, NeNa, and MgAl cycles and are therefore expected to be He-rich. According to this scenario, the sodium and oxygen pattern detected in the blue-HB and red-HB segments suggests helium as the second parameter that rules the HB morphology in M4.