Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Processing and microstructure of single grain, uranium-doped Y–Ba–Cu–O superconductor

Large grain Y–Ba–Cu–O (YBCO) superconductor doped with various amounts of depleted UO2 and containing excess Y2BaCuO5 (Y-211) and Y2O3 have been fabricated by top seeded melt growth (TSMG). The effect of depleted UO2 on the large grain microstructure has been studied systematically in samples with and without added Pt. It is found that UO2 refines the size of the second phase particles in the superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ (Y-123) matrix to dimensions of a few hundred nanometres with an approximately spherical morphology. Addition of Y2O3 to the uranium-doped precursor powder, rather than Y-211, yields a significantly finer distribution of second phase particles and an associated higher critical current density Jc at increased magnetic field.
Effect of toxin binders on immunity and aflatoxin M1 residues in milk in buffaloes

To investigate the effect of dietary toxin binders on AFM1 and immunity in buffaloes 48 Murrah buffaloes in same lactating phase were divided into 4 groups, viz. control (C), T1, T2 and T3 (toxin binder fed buffaloes) comprising of 12 animals each. The average milk AFM1 concentration decreased slightly in control group while marked decrease was found in T1 group throughout the experiment. The average milk SCC showed non significant increase in all the groups. Serum IgG concentration in control group decreased significantly from day 0 to day 45, while in groups T1, T2 and T3 there was significant increase, whereas no significant difference in serum IgG concentration was observed between the groups. The average serum total protein concentration in all the groups from day 7 through day 15, 30 and 45 was almost similar and within reference range. There was no significant difference between the groups. The average serum SGOT level was significant between the days in all the groups. The average SGPT concentration between the days was non significant in control and T1 groups and significant decrease was observed in T2 and T3 groups. The SGPT concentration was highly significant between control and T1, T2, T3 groups, respectively. The results suggested that feeding of toxin binder is effective in reducing AFM1 in milk at the dose rate of 50 mg/day having composition of exal 44.44% + bentonite 55.56% indicating that it provides a potential protective mechanism against aflatoxin exposure and also some alterations in biochemical parameters and IgG.
Water Management to Enhance Ecosystem Services in a Coastal Wetland in Taiwan

Wetlands provide multiple ecosystem services, and wetland hydrology is one of the key determinants of wetland function. Budai Salt Pan Wetland provides at least 11 ecosystem services, i.e. food provision, genetic materials, climate regulation, water purification and treatment, natural hazard regulation, pollination, spiritual and inspirational, recreational, aesthetic, educational and nutrient cycling. As the wetland is completely encompassed by dikes, there is no natural hydrological connectivity, and the wetland frequently dries out during the dry season due to lack of management and insufficient rainfall. In order to enhance wetland function, including habitat quality and ecosystem services, this study created a water management plan which mimics nature through water gate operation. We conducted experimental gate operations and evaluated the potential impacts on ecosystem services. The results show a positive impact on two of the ecosystem services, climate regulation and genetic materials, due to the increased moisture content and feeding bird individuals after gate operation. There was an insignificant change in the natural hazard regulation service as the gate operation tested in this study addressed issues of water supply rather than increasing detention space through draining. Through mimicking nature, sustainable water management techniques have the potential to enhance ecosystem services in wetlands. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Space charge behaviour in maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene/ethylene - vinyl - acetate copolymer laminates

Charge distributions in maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted polyethylene (g-PE)/ethylene - vinyl - acetate (EVA) copolymer laminates have been measured with materials of different composition. All laminates showed interfacial charge, the polarity and the magnitude of which are explained by interfacial polarization. It was found that the interfacial charge increased with the increase of MAH content in the g-PE, whereas it decreased with the increase of vinyl - acetate content in the EVA. This feature was attributed to the differences in electrical conductivity of the materials. Details of the experimental results are described.
Negative ions and the role of metastable molecules in a capacitively coupled radiofrequency excited discharge in oxygen

Axial distributions of negative oxygen ions in an asymmetric, capacitively coupled oxygen radiofrequency discharge (of the gaseous electronics conference reference cell type) are investigated. The O- ion densities are measured by detecting the electrons released after photo-detachment with a Langmuir probe. At small power and a pressure of approximately 10 Pa the axial distributions of both the O- ions and the electrons are flat. At higher power (characterized by voltage amplitudes in excess of 200 V) both quantities exhibit maxima in the central region between the electrodes. These maxima are displaced with increasing pressure (>50 Pa) towards the driven electrode. The absolute concentration of O- is insensitive to admixtures of argon up to 50%. This can be understood, if one assumes that the dominant loss channel for the negative ions involves metastable O2(a 1Δg) molecules. This assumption is confirmed by measurements taken with the discharge operating in a pulsed mode.
In-vitro and In-silico Drug-Food Interaction: an Evaluation of Metformin and Green Tea Interactions

Introduction Food has been reported to alter pharmacokinetics and effect of concomitantly administered drugs, hence resulting in a food-drug interaction [1]. Food-drug interaction is defined an alteration of the pharmacokinetics and pharmaco dynamics of a drug by food or food ingredients. Failure to identify and properly manage food-drug interaction can lead to serious consequences such as reduction in absorption of certain orally administered drugs thereby leading to failure of treatments. Induction and inhibition of enzymes in the gut by food ingredients may lead to a significant change in bioavailability of drugs by some food ingredients. Adverse effects of some drugs can be potentiated by food ingredients [2]. Green tea is one of the foods that have been reported to cause food drug interaction with metformin [2]. Metformin (dimethyl biguanide) is an orally administered drug used to for glycemic control in patients with type II diabetics [3,4]. Metformin according to national guideline is recommended as first-line treatment due to several factors which includes safety record, reduction in cardiovascular disease and mortality compared with non-intensive treatment [5].
Time-of-flight drift mobility measurements on chlorine-doped amorphous selenium films

Time-of-flight drift mobility experiments have been carried out on pure and chlorine-doped amorphous selenium films. The temperature and field dependence of the drift mobility of both types of carriers have been investigated and the charge transport mechanism has been critically examined in terms of various shallow-trap-controlled transport processes, including hopping for the microscopic mobility. Addition of 30 and 40 wt ppm Cl to a-Se has been found to increase the hole drift mobility activation energy by approximately 0.16 eV. Two interpretations have been shown to be plausible: (i) Cl doping diminishes the existing charged centres (possibly Se1-) acting as shallow hole traps and/or changes the mode of microscopic transport, (ii) Cl introduces a new set of charged hole traps (probably Cl-) at approximately 0.45 eV above Ev. Furthermore, it is shown that at low temperatures the hole drift mobility may be described by an empirical expression similar to that due to Gill (1972, 1976).
Thermal radiation properties of interfaces between nuclear reactor materials

In analyzing radiant energy exchange between fuel and coolant in a reactor, it is necessary to know the reflection, absorption, and emission characteristics of the fuel and its interface with the coolant. Because of the unavailability and great uncertainty of these radiation properties, they are calculated from the electromagnetic theory of optics, and results are presented here. Depending on the contacting medium, six types of surfaces received consideration. They are the interfaces between uranium dioxide and sodium, uranium dioxide and steel, uranium dioxide and a gas, water and a gas, steel and a gas, as well as sodium and a gas. The spectral interface reflectance and the spectral absorptance from one side of the medium to the other side are evaluated for all wavelengths. These spectra properties are further integrated to yield the total hemispherical properties for a black body source over a temperature range from 1200 to 6000 K. Comparisons are made with available experimental data or calculated values, and the agreement is found to be generally good.
A comprehensive energy-oriented approach for optimization of solar potential in urban contexts: an application study for residential districts

ABSTRACT There is a growing interest to utilize renewable energies especially solar energy as sustainable resources in urban contexts. This paper establishes a novel framework to highlight the most effective morphological factors for improving solar access of buildings. The study follows a systematic procedure, including: (1) the most effective factors have been highlighted through statistical methods, (2) selected effective parameters are combined to define different scenarios for optimization of solar potential in neighbourhoods and (3) at the final step, the fitness of optimized scenarios is assessed by executing confirmation run. These simulations are carried out on residential neighbourhoods in city of Yazd with hot and dry climate. The significant difference between the maximum and minimum temperature during a day and different seasons is an important characteristic of this climate. It was confirmed that the height of building has the largest contribution to the value of solar incident when compared to other significant factors, including ratio of building footprint over site area and street width. The proposed scenarios show the optimized combination of these three parameters for selected neighbourhood configurations. The results of this study can be applied as guidelines in architecture and urban planning to use solar energy in residential neighbourhoods.
Gap opening and tuning in single-layer graphene with combined electric and magnetic field modulation

The energy band structure of single-layer graphene under one-dimensional electric and magnetic field modulation is theoretically investigated. The criterion for bandgap opening at the Dirac point is analytically derived with a two-fold degeneracy second-order perturbation method. It is shown that a direct or an indirect bandgap semiconductor could be realized in a single-layer graphene under some specific configurations of the electric and magnetic field arrangement. Due to the bandgap generated in the single-layer graphene, the Klein tunneling observed in pristine graphene is completely suppressed.
The CMB bispectrum in the squeezed limit

The CMB bispectrum generated by second-order effects at recombination can be calculated analytically when one of the three modes has a wavelength much longer than the other two and is outside the horizon at recombination. This was pointed out in [1] and here we correct their results. We derive a simple formula for the bispectrum, fNLloc = −(1/6+cos 2θ)⋅(1−1/2⋅dln (lS2CS)/dln lS), where CS is the short scale spectrum and θ the relative orientation between the long and the short modes. This formula is exact and takes into account all effects at recombination, including recombination-lensing, but neglects all late-time effects such as ISW-lensing. The induced bispectrum in the squeezed limit is small and will negligibly contaminate the Planck search for a local primordial signal: this will be biased only by fNLloc ≈ −0.4. The above analytic formula includes the primordial non-Gaussianity of any single-field model. It also represents a consistency check for second-order Boltzmann codes: we find substantial agreement with the current version of the CMBquick code.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CANDIDA SPECIES WITH THEIR ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

total of 1156 clinical samples were processed out of which 100 isolates were taken for Candida . The sample was received from different ICUs/Ward like medicine intensive care unit (MICU), Paediatric intensive care unit (PICU), neonatal intansive care unit (NICU), surgery intensive care unit (SICU) and Obs. & gynaecology. The different clinical samples which yielded the growth of candida were included in the study and samples which yielded organisms other than candida were excluded. ABSTRACT Introduction: Yeasts are the fourth most common organism recovered from blood culture in hospital. There has been a significant increase in the number of reports of mucosal and systemic Candida infections with non-albicans Candida (NAC) species. Systemic Candida infections are the common to immunocompromised individuals, including human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) infected patients, transplant recipients, chemotherapy patients, and low-birth weight infants. 6 Candida species were initially susceptible to azoles group but now some species have developed resistance to the Azoles. Aim: Isolation and identification of candida species with their antifungal susceptibility profile in a tertiary care hospital. Material & Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical college & research centre Moradabad. Candida species isolated from various clinical samples were include in the study. The isolates were identified as per standard mycological protocol. The antifungal susceptibility profile of candida isolates was determined by disc diffusion method. Result: During the study period a total 1156 were processed out of which 100 isolates were taken for Candida . NAC species was predominant isolates. C.tropicalis were the major isolates from NAC species. Highest resistance was seen against fluconazole among both C.albicans and NAC. Conclusion: The present study highlights the predominance of NAC species in ICU patients similar to the trends in various study in our country. The present study highlighted the need for periodic surveillance of antifungal susceptibility pattern to preventing the emergence of drug resistance.
Using lower bounds to approxi-mate integrals

Variational lower bounds are a simple and eﬃcient way to approximate Bayesian integrals. By bounding the integrand at every point, we obtain a bound on the integral value. Variational Bayes (Attias, 1999) and convex duality methods (Jaakkola & Jordan 1999a; 1999b) are of this type, and—as shown in this paper—so is the approximation method of Cheeseman & Stutz (1996). In each case, EM is used to maximize the bound. The EM updates are derived for Gaussian mixtures and multinomial mixtures with conjugate priors. Experimental results show the lower bound method to be less accurate than Laplace’s method, but often simpler.
A remarkable change of the entropy of seismicity in natural time under time reversal before the super-giant M9 Tohoku earthquake on 11 March 2011

Here, we analyze in natural time all earthquakes of magnitude (M) 3.5 or larger in Japan from 1 January 1984 until the occurrence of the super-giant M9 Tohoku earthquake on 11 March 2011. We find that two and a half months before this M9 earthquake a pronounced minimum of the entropy change of seismicity under time reversal is observed. Remarkably the exponent α resulting from the detrended fluctuation analysis of the earthquake magnitude time-series exhibits a simultaneous minimum with an unusual low value ( ) indicating an evident anticorrelated behavior. The validity of these findings is supported by the most studied non-conservative self-organized criticality model for earthquakes since it exhibts a non-zero change of the entropy upon time reversal, which reveals a breaking of the time symmetry, thus reflecting the predictability in this model.
Age at death and gender determination of Kuwaiti individuals from dentine

The aim of this research was : 1) To develop an accurate method of age estimation of dead Kuwaiti from their teeth based upon the conversion of Lto Daspartic acid using dentine from the middle third of a permanent tooth. 2) To estimate age from buried teeth and study the influence of temperature , humidity and pH upon the rate of racemization of aspartic acid in dentine buried in the desert. 3) To investigate a possible association between trace element ( Zn , Pb , Fe , Mn, Mg, Sr, and Cu ) accumulation in dentine and age in Kuwaitis 4) To investigate the possibility of gender determination from the results of racemization and trace element experiments. Results and Conclusions. Estimation of age at death from dentine from upper first premolar teeth using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for the separation ofDand Lforms of aspartic acid in minute quantities of dentine has been successfully established in Kuwait and is sensitive enough for practical use. The method was shown to be accurate to +/1.2 years. The affect upon racemization of aspartic acid in teeth buried at depths of 0.5M and 2.0M over a 10 month period demonstrated that in desert conditions in the Middle East racemization continued providing results less constant than in teeth not buried. A standard error of +/2.3 years was obtained for teeth buried at 0.5M and +/3.0 years at 2.0M. The D/L ration was significantly different between buried and not buried teeth. These results demonstrated continued postmortem racemization in the warm soil and the modification of the racemization rate is discussed in the context of prolonged exposure to body temperature , relatively high pH and low humidity. The findings are important since estimation of the age of an unknown body recovered from the desert must now take into consideration temperature , pH , soil humidity at
A resilience modelling approach for oil terminal operations under high uncertainties

Oil terminals are complex infrastructures due to their diverse operational activities. They are exposed to diverse risks because they usually operate in a dynamic environment in which safety barriers are sometime overwhelmed, leading to the disruption of operations due to a high level of uncertainty. However, the ability of oil terminals to minimise vulnerability and maximise resilience depends on the availability of the correct anticipated information at the right time for a decision-making process. An important finding from the reviewed literature revealed that uncertainties and the unpredictability of the convergent effect of several hazardous factors have the potential to cause major disruptions such as fire, explosion and transit accidents. The consequences of these disruptions can lead to infrastructure damage and loss of life. The common operational threats to oil terminal operations (OTOs) substantiates the need for a holistic resilience model for operations in offshore/onshore terminals such as berthing/unberthing, vessel manoeuvring, loading and offloading, storage, etc. Due to the uncertainties associated with these operations and the cases of reported incidents/accidents, this research focuses more on the aspect of loading and offloading operations at ship/terminal interface. An emphasis on a resilience modelling approach provides a flexible yet robust model for OTOs to address disruption proactively, particularly with constantly evolving hazards and threats. This thesis introduces an innovative approach towards resilience modelling based on a developed novel framework. The key aspect of the framework was supported using three proposed models: (1) the integration of Utility Theory and Swiss Cheese Model (UtiSch_+), to evaluate the relative importance of the identified hazard factors (HFs), (2) a Bayesian network (BN), to calculate the overall probability that a specific hazard is present and, (3) an Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) - Prospect Theory (PT) approach, as an important model for a strategic decision selection method. An empirical study was conducted to test the validity the proposed models, using case studies and Sensitivity Analysis (SA). The result obtained demonstrated that the models are effective techniques to obtain the relative weight of the identified Hazard Factors (HFs) in order to prioritise them, for dynamic hazards probability evaluation and to prioritise suggested resilience strategies in order of importance to mitigate hazard/risk level. Evidently, the result revealed appears reasonable and appropriate for investment, in order to support a strategic decision for the selection of a resilience strategy for resilience improvement in OTOs.
Scattering problem and asymptotics for a relativistic nonlinear Schrödinger equation

We study the global existence and asymptotic behaviour in time of solutions of the Cauchy problem for the relativistic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in one space dimension where the real-valued functions f and g are such that |f(j)(z)| Cz1+-j, j = 0,1,2,3, for z+0, where >0, and g C5([0,)). Equation (A) models the self-channelling of a high-power, ultra-short laser in matter if for all z 0. When = 0,f = 0 equation (A) also has some applications in condensed matter theory, plasma physics, Heisenberg ferromagnets and fluid mechanics. We prove that if the norm of the initial data is sufficiently small, where then the solution of the Cauchy problem (A) exists globally in time and satisfies the sharp L time-decay estimate ||u(t)||L C(1+|t|)-1/2. Furthermore, we prove the existence of the modified scattering states and the nonexistence of the usual scattering states by introducing a certain phase function when 0. On the other hand, the existence of the usual scattering states when = 0 follows easily from our results. AMS classification scheme number: 35Q55
A novel variable temperature scanning nano-Hall probe microscope system for large area magnetic imaging incorporating piezoelectric actuators maintained at room temperature

A unique variable temperature scanning Hall probe system (VT-SHPM) has been developed for large area, nanometre scale lateral resolution imaging of ferromagnetic domains, in which piezoelectric actuators are maintained at ambient temperature and only the semiconducting micro-Hall probe and sample are cooled. Its design overcomes the limitations of conventional cryogenic SHPM systems, where the piezoelectric actuators are cooled thus reducing the maximum scan area to about 10 µm × 10 µm due to a reduction of the piezoelectric constant at cryogenic temperatures. The VT-SHPM operates between 300 and 77 K and consists of a liquid nitrogen glass Dewar housing the sample and the semiconducting micro-Hall probe (active area = 900 nm × 900 nm; magnetic sensitivity at 300 K 6 mG Hz−1/2) used to detect surface magnetic fields. The VT-SHPM was used to image perpendicularly magnetized domains at the surfaces of 5.5 µm thick single crystal bismuth substituted garnet thin films between 300 and 77 K. Areas of about 120 µm × 130 µm were readily imaged by synchronizing the action of x–y piezoelectric actuators and corresponding stepper motors to move and scan the sample at a constant height of 0.25 µm over the surface of the micro-Hall probe. The average width of magnetic domains in the garnet thin films was found to increase as the measurement temperature decreased.