Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
To Split or Not to Split: Capital Allocation with Convex Risk Measures

Convex risk measures were introduced by Deprez and Gerber (1985). Here the problem of allocating risk capital to subportfolios is addressed, when aggregate capital is calculated by a convex risk measure. The Aumann-Shapley value is proposed as an appropriate allocation mechanism. Distortion-exponential measures are discussed extensively and explicit capital allocation formulas are obtained for the case that the risk measure belongs to this family. Finally the implications of capital allocation with a convex risk measure for the stability of portfolios are discussed.
Investigation of Inhibition Effect of Oxytocin on Carbonic Anhydrase and Acetylcholinesterase Enzymes in the Heart Tissues of Rats

In our study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of oxytocin, oxytocin receptor antagonist atosiban and oxytocin-atosiban injected to rats on carbonic anhydrase (CA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activities in the heart of rats. For this purpose, four different groups (n = 6) consisting of a total of 24 rats, were formed. (Control group, oxytocin treated group, atosiban treated group, and oxytocin and atosiban combination treated group). The rats were necropsied after 60 minute intraperitoneal injection of the chemicals into the rats. Cardiac tissue of rats was removed. The enzyme activity averages of the groups are statistically compared. According to this, while the activity of carbonic anhydrase enzyme in heart tissue of rats decreases in oxytocin and atosiban given groups, in the combination group with oxytocin and atosiban it was seen that the reduction was relatively less according to the others. Acetylcholinesterase activity decreases in both groups of oxytocin and atosiban which given groups did not show any significant change in the group in which oxytocin and atosiban were given together.
Enhancers Improve the AID-Induced Hypermutation in Episomal Vector for Antibody Affinity Maturation in Mammalian Cell Display

The induction of somatic hypermutation (SHM) in various cell lines by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) has been used in protein-directed selection, especially in antibody affinity maturation. Several antibody affinity maturation systems based on mammalian cells have been developed in recent years, i.e., 293T, H1299, Raji and CHO cells. However, the efficiency of in vitro AID-induced hypermutation is low, restricting the application of such systems. In this study, we examined the role of Ig and Ek enhancers in enhancing SHM in the episomal vector pCEP4 that expresses an anti-high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) full-length antibody. The plasmid containing the two enhancers exhibited two-fold improvement of mutation rate over pCEP4 in an AID expression H1299 cell line (H1299-AID). With the engineered episomal vector, we improved the affinity of this antibody in H1299-AID cells by 20-fold.
Field quality in Fermilab-built models of quadrupole magnets for the LHC interaction region

Superconducting quadrupole magnets for the interaction regions of the Large Hadron Collider are being developed by the US-LHC Accelerator Project. These 70 mm bore quadrupole magnets are intended to operate in superfluid helium at 1.9 K with a nominal field gradient of 215 T/m. A series of 2 m model magnets has been built and cold tested at Fermilab to optimize their design and construction and to study the performance of the magnets. Field measurements of the 8 model magnets and comparisons with the required field quality are reported in this paper.
Late Miocene upper-crustal deformation within the interior of the southern Puna Plateau, central Andes

The origin and evolution of the central Andes, a noncollisional orogenic system, have been hypothesized to evolve as a result of several dynamic processes, including formation of an eastward-propagating orogenic wedge, segmentation into rhomb-shaped basins as a result of N-S gradients in crustal shortening, reactivation of inherited deep structures, and lithospheric foundering. How these proposed processes dominate the orogen spatially and temporally is uncertain; however, constraining the timing of upper-crustal deformation is critical for investigating these models. We document the formation and deformation of the Pasto Ventura basin (NW Argentina) in the southern Puna Plateau. Through field mapping, deformation analysis, secondary ion mass spectrometry U-Pb dating of zircon from interbedded volcanic ashes, and Ar/Ar geochronology of volcanics, we show that major basin formation started ca. 11.7-10.5 Ma and continued until at least ca. 7.8 Ma. The basin underwent syndepositional faulting and folding from ca. 10 to 8 Ma. Contractional deformation in the Pasto Ventura basin ended between ca. 7.3 and 4 Ma, based on the onset of regional horizontal extension. Data from the Pasto Ventura region allow us to bridge existing data and complete a regional compilation of upper-crustal deformation for the Puna Plateau. Our analysis shows that late Miocene formation and deformation of the Pasto Ventura basin represent an important out-of-sequence contractional event in the southern Puna Plateau. While a number of geodynamic processes likely shape the evolution of the southern Puna, multidisciplinary data sets, including deformation in the Pasto Ventura basin studied here, highlight the role of the formation and detachment of a late Miocene lithospheric drip in causing the upper-crustal deformation on the southern Puna Plateau since the mid-late Miocene.
Antibodies against pseudorabies virus in feral swine in southeast Brazil

Serum samples collected from 358 wild boars (Sus scrofa) in breeding farms in São Paulo, southeast Brazil, from 1998 to 2001, were tested for antibodies against pseudorabies virus (PRV) by means of serum neutralization (SN) and enzyme-linked immunobsorbent assay (ELISA). Seropositive animals were detected in three of seven herds analyzed. Overall seroprevalence as assessed by SN was 30.7%, ranging from 25.2% to 100% for the herds that presented seropositive animals. Indirect ELISA detected lower seroprevalence (19.3%). Sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were equal to 57.3% and 97.6%, respectively. Agreement was equal to 85.2% (P<0.0001). These results showed that PRV infections occurred in farmed feral swine in southeast Brazil, and affect pseudorabies eradication program.
Deformations and liquefaction of granular soils in plane strain conditions

Abstract An incremental model is proposed to describe pre-failure behaviour of granular soils in plane strain conditions. The model has been derived from an approach applied in the analysis of triaxial tests. We have applied the methods of tensor algebra to transfer our triaxial results to a 2D case. The model describes the pre-failure deformations of fully drained sands and phenomena associated with undrained response such as static liquefaction. This model has a simple structure in the form of incremental equations. For some simple loading paths, these equations can be integrated analytically. For more complex loading paths a simple numerical algorithms will be sufficient. The model takes into account an initial anisotropy of soil which is ignored in most models. It also takes into account the initial state of soil, defined as rather contractive or dilative, in addition to classical geotechnical division into loose and dense sands. The proposed constitutive equations allow the study of pre-failure instabilities of sand, and some examples are presented.We have also derived analytically the equation for an instability line.
Wicked Problems

The concept of “wicked problems” has attracted increasing focus in policy research, but the implications for public organizations have received less attention. This article examines the main organizational and cognitive dimensions emerging from the research literature on wicked problems. We identify several recent approaches to addressing problem complexity and stakeholder divergence based on the literatures on systems thinking, collaboration and coordination, and the adaptive leadership roles of public leaders and managers. We raise some challenges for public management in some key functional areas of government—strategy making, organizational design, people management, and performance measurement. We argue that provisional solutions can be developed, despite the difficulties of reforming governance processes to address wicked problems more effectively.
The effect of real earnings management on the information content of earnings

This study investigates the effect of real earnings management (REM) on the earnings information content of stock returns. Prior research has established that accounting-based earnings have information content for stock valuation purposes and that managers use accruals management to influence reported earnings and thus affect the information content of those earnings. Little, however, is known about whether REM harms or enhances the information content of earnings and investors’ ability to use those earnings for stock valuation purposes. Using a broad cross-section of firms, this study identifies those with high levels of two common types of REM, abnormal production costs and abnormal discretionary expenses. Results indicate that the information content of earnings is significantly lower for firms which engage in REM. This study contributes to the ongoing streams of literature related to the consequences of REM and how earnings information is impounded in stock prices.
Interactive comment on “ Microscale variability of snow depth using U . A . S . technology ” by C

We investigate the snow depth distribution at the end of the accumulation season over a small alpine area (∼ 3 · 10 m) using photogrammetry-based surveys at cm resolution with Unmanned Aerial Systems (U.A.S., also known as drones). Although these systems are growing in popularity as inexpensive alternatives to existing techniques within the field of remote sensing, the assessment 5 of their performances in mapping snow depth distribution is still an open issue. We have designed two field campaigns during the 2013/2014 snow season. In the first survey, run before the beginning of the accumulation season, the digital elevation model of the ground has been obtained. The second survey, at peak accumulation, allowed to estimate the snow depth distribution as difference with respect to the previous aerial survey. We collected 12 manual measurements of snow depth at 10 random positions to run a preliminary evaluation of U.A. S. -based snow depth estimations. In addition, we have explored how some basic snow depth statistics (e.g., mean, standard deviation, minima and maxima) change with sampling resolution (from 5 cm up to ∼100 m). The spatial integration of U.A. S. snow depth measurements allowed to estimate the snow volume accumulated over the area, that has been compared with the estimations by traditional interpolation of probes measure15 ments. Results show that using U.A. S. seems to provide a fairly accurate estimation of point snow depth values (the average difference with reference to manual measurements is -7.3 cm). Moreover, we observe that, for our case study, snow depth standard deviation (hence coefficient of variation) increases with decreasing sampling distances, although it stabilizes for sampling distances smaller than 1 m. Interpolations of snow probe data return average differences in snow volume estimation, 20 with respect to the one obtained through the U.A. S. system, equal to ∼ 21%.
Do microfinance institutions benefit from integrating financial and nonfinancial services?

ABSTRACT This article examines the impact of microfinance ‘plus’ (i.e. coordinated combination of financial and nonfinancial services) on the performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs). Using a global data set of MFIs in 77 countries, we find that the provision of nonfinancial services does not harm nor improve MFIs’ financial sustainability and efficiency. The results however suggest that the provision of social services is associated with improved loan quality and greater depth of outreach.
Do Credit Card Companies Screen For Behavioral Biases? Hong Ru and Antoinette Schoar

We analyze the supply side of credit card markets, and the pricing and marketing strategies of issuers. First, card issuers target lesseducated customers with more steeply back-loaded and hidden fees (e.g., higher late and over-limit fees). Finally, we use increases in state-level unemployment insurance (UI) as positive shocks to consumer creditworthiness and show that issuers rely more on backloaded (hidden) fees when UI increases, especially for less-educated customers. This result documents a novel trade-off: card issuers weigh short-term fee maximization against increases in credit risk, when using back-loaded fees.
Estimation of optoelectronic conversion functions of imaging devices without using gray samples

In the colorimetric or spectral characterization of imaging devices such as digital cameras and scanners, the optoelectronic conversion functions (OECFs) are tra- ditionally obtained from standard gray samples. However, these gray samples are sometimes unavailable when con- ducting color characterization. We propose an efficient method for recovering OECFs by using nongray samples, based on the finite-dimensional modeling of spectral re- flectance and the second-order polynomial fitting of OECFs. Experimental results indicate that the accuracy of the estimated OECFs are close to those obtained from gray samples, with the correlation coefficients R 2 larger than 0.995. The proposed method should be useful in col- orimetric and spectral characterization of imaging devices by using custom-made color samples in textile or other industries, when standard gray samples are not available and not easily made. � 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 135 - 141, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience
Job mismatches and career mobility

ABSTRACT Does over-education assist or hinder occupational advancement? Career mobility theory hypothesizes that over-education leads to a higher level of occupational advancement and wage growth over time, with mixed international empirical evidence. This paper re-tests career mobility theory directly using a rich Australian longitudinal data set. A dynamic random effects probit model is employed to examine upward occupational mobility, considering two-digit occupational rank advancement and wage growth over three-year intervals. The ‘Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia’ data across nine years are employed, and a Mundlak correction model is adopted to adjust for unobserved heterogeneity effects and potential endogeneity, both of which are important to over-education analysis. Contrary to career theory, the results point to job mismatch as an economic concern rather than a passing phase, regardless of whether or not workers are skill-matched. Results further show the importance of adjusting for endogeneity.
On the self-sustained nature of large-scale motions in turbulent Couette flow

Large-scale motions in wall-bounded turbulent flows are frequently interpreted as resulting from an aggregation process of smaller-scale structures. Here, we explore the alternative possibility that such large-scale motions are themselves self-sustained and do not draw their energy from smaller-scale turbulent motions activated in buffer layers. To this end, it is first shown that large-scale motions in turbulent Couette flow at $Re=2150$ self-sustain, even when active processes at smaller scales are artificially quenched by increasing the Smagorinsky constant $C_{s}$ in large-eddy simulations (LES). These results are in agreement with earlier results on pressure-driven turbulent channel flows. We further investigate the nature of the large-scale coherent motions by computing upper- and lower-branch nonlinear steady solutions of the filtered (LES) equations with a Newton–Krylov solver, and find that they are connected by a saddle–node bifurcation at large values of $C_{s}$ . Upper-branch solutions for the filtered large-scale motions are computed for Reynolds numbers up to $Re=2187$ using specific paths in the $Re{-}C_{s}$ parameter plane and compared to large-scale coherent motions. Continuation to $C_{s}=0$ reveals that these large-scale steady solutions of the filtered equations are connected to the Nagata–Clever–Busse–Waleffe branch of steady solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations. In contrast, we find it impossible to connect the latter to buffer-layer motions through a continuation to higher Reynolds numbers in minimal flow units.
Histologic and inflammatory lamellar changes in horses with oligofructose-induced laminitis treated with a CXCR 1 / 2 antagonist 1

Lima L.R. , Mendes H.M. F. , Soriani F.M. , Souza D.G. , Alves G.E. S. , Teixeira M.M. & Faleiros R.R. 2016. Histologic and inflammatory lamellar changes in horses with oligofructose-induced laminitis treated with a CXCR1/2 antagonist. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(1):13-18. Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30161-970, Brazil. E-mail: faleirosufmg@gmail.com With the hypothesis that blocking chemokine signaling can ameliorate acute laminitis, the aim was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of intravenous DF1681B, a selective antagonist for CXCR1 and CXCR2 (chemokine receptors), in an oligofructose equine laminitis model. To twelve mixed breed clinically healthy hoses with no previous history of hoof-related lameness was administered oligofructose (10g/kg given by nasogastric tube) and divided into two groups: treated (intravenous DF1681B at 30mg/kg 6, 12, 18, and 24h after oligofructose) and non-treated groups. Laminar biopsies were performed before and 12, 36, and 72h after administering oligofructose. Samples were stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and scored from 0 to 6 according to epidermal cell and basal membrane changes. The IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL1 RNA expressions were determined by RT-PCR. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to compare times within each group (P<0.05). The PAS grades and IL-1β and IL-6 RNA expression increased in the non-treated group, but remained constant in the treated horses. In conclusion, DF1681B therapy reduced laminar inflammation and epidermal deterioration in treated horses. CXCR1/2 blockage should be considered therapeutically for equine acute laminitis.
Power relations in IS projects – a critical review and a new research agenda

This paper seeks to review and examine the major theoretical underpinnings of research into power relations in IS projects. In order to keep the review manageable and to furnish a reasonable explanation of the ideas and papers referenced, the review is restricted to the ideas of Foucault, Giddens and Clegg. Partly, this restriction was due to the wish of the authors to deal seriously with the ideas presented, and not to produce an exhaustive but terse and taxonomic style review. Partly, the selection of the above theorists is due to the fact that the major IS papers on power relations have drawn on their work. This paper concludes with the presentation of a new theory of power and social influence from social psychology suitable for use in IS research. The ideas of this theory have not yet been examined empirically. Thus, IS researchers are challenged to employ these ideas in their empirical research.
Efficacy and Safety of Dabigatran vs . Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation – Sub-Analysis in Japanese Population in RELY Trial –

trial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance and its prevalence increases with age. Although AF occurs in less than 1% of individuals under 60 years of age, it occurs in more than 6% of those over the age of 80.1 Radiofrequency catheter ablation is widely performed as an effective treatment for recurrent, drug-resistant AF, but several complications with an incidence of 3.9–6% have been reported.2 Most of the mortality and functional impairment associated with AF is due to the occurrence of ischemic stroke and systemic emboli. According to the Guidelines for Pharmacotherapy of Atrial Fibrillation (JCS 2008), warfarin is recommended for preventing stroke in AF patients with a CHADS2 score of 2 or more; however, for AF patients who have a CHADS2 score greater than 1, warfarin should be considered. A recent meta-analysis by Hart et al, which included 6 clinical trials encompassing 2,900 participants (AFASAK I, SPAF I, BAATAF, CAFA, SPINAF, EAFT), found that when compared with the control group, adjusted-dose warfarin reduced stroke by 64% (49–74%). 3 In another meta-analysis, the incidence of both major and minor bleeding in warfarin was significantly higher than placebo or reference drugs (major bleeding: P=0.01, minor bleeding: P<0.001). 4 From the clinical perspective also, warfarin is cumbersome to use because of its slow onset of action (and offset of action) and the high interand intra-individual variability in reaching effective plasma concentrations. Warfarin is also known to interact with foods and other drugs, and because of its narrow therapeutic window, frequent laboratory monitoring of antithrombotic activity in individual patients is required. Thus,
Hyperinvariant subspaces of operators with non-vanishing orbits

It is shown that if the Banach space operator T has regular normsequence, its vector orbits are asymptotically non-vanishing and there exists a complete vector orbit satisfying the growth condition of non-quasianalycity, then T has infinitely many disjoint hyperinvariant subspaces. In the recent paper [7] we initiated the study of operators possessing regular norm-sequences. The definition was based on the concept of almost convergence. We recall that a bounded, complex sequence S E '? (N,C) almost converges to the complex number c if limk,oo supneN Ic k-l Z+k 1 (i)I = 0. (The reader is referred to [9] for fundamental properties of this type of convergence.) We say that the sequence J almost converges to c in the strong sense if | cll almost converges to zero, where 1 stands for the constant 1 sequence. A gauge function is a mapping p : N -* (0, oo) with the property that {p(n + 1 )/p(n)}nEN almost converges in the strong sense to a positive number c. The set of all gauge functions is denoted by 7P. Let us consider now a complex Banach space X and let L(X) denote the set of bounded, linear operators acting on X. We say that the norm-sequence of an operator T E L(X) is compatible with the gauge function p E P, if ITnll < p(n) holds for every n E N and the sequence {lTnll/p(n)},EN does not almost converge to zero. The set of all such operators is denoted by L(p, X), and T E X is said to have a regular norm-sequence if T belongs to L(p, X) for some p E P. It was shown in [7] that {p(n + l)/p(n)}nEN almost converges to the spectral radius r(T) for every T E ? (p, X), and that a large class of operators with positive spectral radius possesses regular norm-sequence, including power bounded operators of spectral radius one. With regard to the asymptotic behaviour of vector orbits the following subclasses can be introduced. The operator T E ? (p, X) belongs to the class Ci. (p, X) (C*.(p, X)) if {llTnsll/p(n)}nEN does not almost converge to zero for all non-zero vectors x E X (for some non-zero vector x E X, respectively). In the present paper we are concerned with the hyperinvariant subspace lattice Hlat(T) of operators T of class C1. (p, X) and C*. (p, X). We remind the reader that a (closed) subspace M is hyperinvariant for T, and so it belongs to Hlat(T), if CM C M holds for every operator C commuting with T. In [7] we proved among other things the existence of a proper hyperinvariant subspace under different conditions, Received by the editors August 6, 1997. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 47A15, 47A60. Research partially supported by Hungarian NFS Research grant no. T 022920. (1999 American Mathematical Society