Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical , Epidemiological , Laboratory and Therapeutic Investigation

BACKGROUND Studies concerning re-treated leprosy patients are justified by the difficulty in differential diagnosis between a reactional state following the end of a specific treatment for leprosy and its relapse, owing to limitations in clinical and laboratorial criteria to distinguish them. OBJECTIVES To verify diagnostic procedures (clinical and laboratorial) that subsidized relapse treatment and occurrence of reactional episodes, in particular those that occurred after treatment completion. METHODS A hundred fifty-five leprosy patients retreated for relapse in two leprosy reference units in the municipality of Recife/PE, Brazil, in a retrospective case series study. RESULTS Clinical criterion was the most used to decide for re-treatment of relapse, and new described lesions were mainly of macular and infiltrative type. Reactional episodes after discharge occurred in 34% of these patients, and 33.9% related the presence of contacts with hansenasis. Only 14.9% of the 155 studied patients had histological examinations performed, and 18.1% did not have bacilloscopy carried out before re-initiating specific therapy. CONCLUSION This study has shown that post-treatment reactional episodes and presence of contacts with leprosy occurred in about 30% of patients who were re-treated for relapse and that further controlled studies are necessary for a better understanding of these factors.
Gemini GNIRS Near-infrared Spectroscopy of 50 Quasars at z ≳ 5.7

We report initial results from a large Gemini program to observe z ≳ 5.7 quasars with GNIRS near-IR spectroscopy. Our sample includes 50 quasars with simultaneous ∼0.85–2.5 μm spectra covering the rest-frame ultraviolet and major broad emission lines from Lyα to Mg ii. We present spectral measurements for these quasars and compare with their lower redshift counterparts at z = 1.5–2.3. We find that when quasar luminosity is matched, there are no significant differences between the rest-UV spectra of z ≳ 5.7 quasars and the low-z comparison sample. High-z quasars have similar continuum and emission line properties and occupy the same region in the black hole mass and luminosity space as the comparison sample, accreting at an average Eddington ratio of ∼0.3. There is no evidence for super-Eddington accretion or hypermassive (>1010 M ⊙) black holes within our sample. We find a mild excess of quasars with weak C iv lines relative to the control sample. Our results, corroborating earlier studies but with better statistics, demonstrate that these high-z quasars are already mature systems of accreting supermassive black holes operating with the same physical mechanisms as those at lower redshifts.
A Deep Learning-Based Model for Predicting Abnormal Liver Function in Workers in the Automotive Manufacturing Industry: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Chongqing, China

To identify the influencing factors and develop a predictive model for the risk of abnormal liver function in the automotive manufacturing industry works in Chongqing. Automotive manufacturing workers in Chongqing city surveyed during 2019–2021 were used as the study subjects. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of abnormal liver function. A restricted cubic spline model was used to further explore the influence of the length of service. Finally, a deep neural network-based model for predicting the risk of abnormal liver function among workers was developed. Of all 6087 study subjects, a total of 1018 (16.7%) cases were detected with abnormal liver function. Increased BMI, length of service, DBP, SBP, and being male were independent risk factors for abnormal liver function. The risk of abnormal liver function rises sharply with increasing length of service below 10 years. AUC values of the model were 0.764 (95% CI: 0.746–0.783) and 0.756 (95% CI: 0.727–0.786) in the training and test sets, respectively. The other four evaluation indices of the DNN model also achieved good values.
Enhancement of ferromagnetism upon thermal annealing in pure ZnO

We report here the enhancement of ferromagnetism in pure ZnO upon thermal annealing with the ferromagnetic transition temperature Tc above room temperature. We observe a finite coercive field up to 300K and a finite thermoremanent magnetization up to 340K for the annealed sample. We propose that magnetic moments can be formed at anionic vacancy clusters. Ferromagnetism can occur due to either superexchange between vacancy clusters via isolated F+ centers or through a limited electron delocalization between vacancy clusters. Isolated vacancy clusters or isolated F+ centers give rise to a strong paramagneticlike behavior below 10K.
OPTICAL–NEAR-INFRARED COLOR GRADIENTS AND MERGING HISTORY OF ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES

It has been suggested that merging plays an important role in the formation and the evolution of elliptical galaxies. While gas dissipation by star formation is believed to steepen metallicity and color gradients of the merger products, mixing of stars through dissipation-less merging (dry merging) is believed to flatten them. In order to understand the past merging history of elliptical galaxies, we studied the optical–near-infrared (NIR) color gradients of 204 elliptical galaxies. These galaxies are selected from the overlap region of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 and the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) Large Area Survey (LAS). The use of optical and NIR data (g, r, and K) provides large wavelength baselines, and breaks the age–metallicity degeneracy, allowing us to derive age and metallicity gradients. The use of the deep SDSS Stripe 82 images makes it possible for us to examine how the color/age/metallicity gradients are related to merging features. We find that the optical–NIR color and the age/metallicity gradients of elliptical galaxies with tidal features are consistent with those of relaxed ellipticals, suggesting that the two populations underwent a similar merging history on average and that mixing of stars was more or less completed before the tidal features disappeared. Elliptical galaxies with dust features have steeper color gradients than the other two types, even after masking out dust features during the analysis, which can be due to a process involving wet merging. More importantly, we find that the scatter in the color/age/metallicity gradients of the relaxed and merging feature types decreases as their luminosities (or masses) increase at M > 1011.4 M☉ but stays large at lower luminosities. Mean metallicity gradients appear nearly constant over the explored mass range, but a possible flattening is observed at the massive end. According to our toy model that predicts how the distribution of metallicity gradients changes as a result of major dry merging, the mean metallicity gradient should flatten by 40% and its scatter becomes smaller by 80% per a mass-doubling scale if ellipticals evolve only through major dry merger. Our result, although limited by a number statistics at the massive end, is consistent with the picture that major dry merging is an important mechanism for the evolution for ellipticals at M > 1011.4 M☉, but is less important at the lower mass range.
Phase diagrams in the three-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with the Polyakov loop

We present extensive studies on hot and dense quark matter with two light and one heavy flavors in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with the Polyakov loop (so-called PNJL model). First we discuss prescription dependence in choosing the Polyakov loop effective potential and propose a simple and rather sensible ansatz. We look over quantitative comparison to the lattice measurement to confirm that the model captures thermodynamic properties correctly. We then analyze the phase structure by changing the temperature, quark chemical potential, quark masses, and coupling constants. We particularly investigate how the effective U A (1) restoration and the induced vector-channel interaction at finite density would affect the QCD critical point.
Fujiwhara interaction of tropical cyclone scale vortices using a weighted residual collocation method

The fundamental interaction between tropical cyclones was investigated through a series of water tank experiements by Fujiwhara . However, a complete understanding of tropical cyclones remains an open research challenge although there have been numerous investigations through measurments with aircrafts/satellites, as well as with numerical simulations. This article presents a computational model for simulating the interaction between cyclones. The proposed numerical method is presented briefly, where the time integration is performed by projecting the discrete system onto a Krylov subspace. The method filters the large scale fluid dynamics using a multiresolution approximation, and the unresolved dynamics are modeled with a Smagorinsky type subgrid scale parameterization scheme. Numerical experiments with Fujiwhara interactions are considered to verify modeling accuracy. An excellent agreement between the present simulation and a reference simulation at Re=5000 has been demonstrated. At Re=37440 , the kinetic energy of cyclones is seen consolidated into larger scales with concurrent enstrophy cascade – suggesting a steady increase of energy containing scales – a phenomena that is typical in two‐dimensional turbulence theory. The primary results of this article suggest a novel avenue for addressing some of the computational challenges of mesoscale atmospheric circulations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionization front-driven turbulence in the clumpy interstellar medium

We present 3D radiation-gas dynamical simulations of an ionization front running into a dense clump. In our setup, a B0 star irradiates an overdensity which is at a distance of 10 pc and modelled as a supercritical Bonnor–Ebert sphere. The radiation from the star heats up the gas and creates a shock front that expands into the interstellar medium. The shock compresses the clump material, while the ionizing radiation heats it up. The outcome of this ‘cloud-crushing’ process is a fully turbulent gas in the wake of the clump. In the end, the clump entirely dissolves. We propose that this mechanism is very efficient in creating short-living supersonic turbulence in the vicinity of massive stars.
AKARI OBSERVATIONS OF BROWN DWARFS. II. CO2 AS PROBE OF CARBON AND OXYGEN ABUNDANCES IN BROWN DWARFS

Recent observations with the infrared astronomical satellite AKARI have shown that the CO2 bands at 4.2 μm in three brown dwarfs are much stronger than expected from the unified cloudy model (UCM) based on recent solar C & O abundances. This result has been a puzzle, but we now find it is simply due to the effect of C & O abundances. We show that these strong CO2 bands can be explained with the UCMs based on the classical C & O abundances (log AC and log AO), which are about 0.2 dex larger compared to the recent values. Since three other brown dwarfs could be interpreted fairly well with the recent solar C & O abundances, we require at least two model sequences based on the different chemical compositions to interpret all the AKARI spectra. The reason is that the CO2 band is especially sensitive to C & O abundances, since the CO2 abundance depends approximately on ACA2O—the cube of C & O abundances. For this reason, even low-resolution spectra of very cool dwarfs, especially of CO2, cannot be understood unless a model with proper abundances is applied. For the same reason, CO2 is an excellent indicator of C & O abundances, and we can now estimate C & O abundances of brown dwarfs as follows: Three of the six brown dwarfs observed with AKARI should have high C & O abundances similar to the classical solar values (e.g., log AC = 8.60 and log AO = 8.92), but the other three may have low C & O abundances similar to the recent solar values (e.g., log AC = 8.39 and log AO = 8.69). This result implies that three of the six brown dwarfs are highly metal-rich relative to the Sun, if the recent solar C & O abundances are correct.
Behavior of f ( R ) gravity in the solar system, galaxies, and clusters

For cosmologically interesting f(R) gravity models, we derive the complete set of the linearized field equations in the Newtonian gauge, under environments of the solar system, galaxies, and clusters, respectively. Based on these equations, we confirm the previous gamma=1/2 solution in the solar system. However, f(R) gravity models can be strongly environment dependent and the high density (comparing to the cosmological mean) solar system environment can excite a viable gamma=1 solution for some f(R) gravity models. Although for f(R)proportional to-1/R, it is not the case; for f(R)proportional to-exp(-R/lambda H-2(0)2), such a gamma=1 solution does exist. This solution is virtually indistinguishable from that in general relativity (GR) and the value of the associated curvature approaches the GR limit, which is much higher than the value in the gamma=1/2 solution. We show that for some forms of f(R) gravity, this solution is physically stable in the solar system and can smoothly connect to the surface of the Sun. The derived field equations can be applied directly to gravitational lensing of galaxies and clusters. We find that, despite a significant difference in the environments of galaxies and clusters comparing to that of the solar system, gravitational lensing of galaxies and clusters can be virtually identical to that in GR, for some forms of f(R) gravity. Fortunately, galaxy rotation curve and intracluster gas pressure profile may contain valuable information to distinguish these f(R) gravity models from GR.
Deep Learning of Radiometrical and Geometrical Sar Distorsions for Image Modality translations

Multimodal approaches for Earth Observations suffer from both the lack of interpretability of SAR images and the high sensitivity to meteorological conditions of optical images. Translation methods were implemented to solve them for specific tasks and areas. But these implementations lack of generalizability as they do not include samples with challenging characteristics. Firstly, this paper sums up the main problems that a general SAR to optical image translator should overcome. Then, a SAR Distorted Image to optical translator Network (SARDINet) alternating knowledgeable channel-wise spatial convolutions and cross-channel convolutions is implemented. It aims at solving a problem of major concern in remote sensing: translating layover disturbed SAR images into disturbance-free optical ones. SARDINet is trained through a classical and an adversarial framework and compared to cGAN and cycleGAN from the literature. Experimental results prove that adversarial approaches are more qualitative but worsen quantitative results.
Constraining Omega(0) from x-ray properties of clusters of galaxies at high redshift

Properties of high redshift clusters are a fundamen- tal source of information for cosmology. It has been shown by Oukbir and Blanchard (1997) that the combined knowledge of the redshift distribution of X-ray clusters of galaxies and the luminosity-temperature correlation, LX TX, provides a pow- erful test of the mean density of the Universe. In this paper, we address the question of the possible evolution of this rela- tion from an observational point of view and its cosmological signicance. We introduce a new indicator in order to measure the evolution of the X-ray luminosity-temperature relation with redshift and take advantage of the recent availability of temper- ature information for a signicant number of high and interme- diate redshift X-ray clusters of galaxies. From our analysis, we nd a slightly positive evolution in the LX TX relation. This implies a high value of the density parameter of 0:85 0:2. However, because the selection of clusters included in our sam- ple is unknown, this can be considered only as a tentative result. A well-controlled X-ray selected survey would provide a more robust answer. XMM will be ideal for such a program.
A SWOT ANALYSIS STUDY ON THE USABILITY OF DISTANCE EDUCATION IN VOCATIONAL MUSIC

The aim of this study is to examine the usability of distance education in vocational music education with SWOT analysis according to stakeholder views. For this purpose, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of distance vocational music education have been tried to discover. The study was designed with a phenomenological pattern, one of the qualitative research methods. The study group of the research consisted of undergraduate students, graduate students and lecturers at two different state universities in Konya, Turkey, in institutions that provide vocational music education (Music Education Department of Necmettin Erbakan University and Selçuk University Conservatory, n=89). At the end of the distance education process in the 20202021 academic year, the data obtained with the semi-structured interview form were analyzed by content analysis technique and presented in the SWOT matrix. According to the findings obtained from the study, recording and rewatching the lessons, flexibility in terms of time and place, providing training opportunities for disadvantaged individuals, providing individual learning responsibility, easy access to masterclasses, international organizations and field experts, and providing uninterrupted education come to the fore among the strengths of distance vocational music education. As weaknesses; inadequate physical and emotional interaction, synchronization problems and the resulting inability to make music together, the inability to clearly convey abstract concepts, musicality, tone and dynamics are frequently encountered. While the developments in technology and music technology and the experiences during the pandemic process are considered as opportunities, the lack of infrastructure and materials, the inability to provide a real classroom environment and security problems are prominent among the issues seen as threats. In the light of the findings, some suggestions were presented to the stakeholders in order to protect the strengths of distance vocational music education and to evaluate its opportunities, and to develop strategic plans to eliminate its weaknesses and threats. It is thought that the findings obtained from this study will contribute to the development of distance vocational music education.
Electronic structure calculations with the Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson Density Functional

We report a series of calculations testing the predictions of the Tran-Blaha functional for the electronic structure and magnetic properties of condensed systems. We find a general improvement in the properties of semiconducting and insulating systems, relative to calculations with standard generalized gradient approximations, although this is not always by the same mechanism as other approaches such as the quasiparticle GW method. In ZnO the valence bands are narrowed and the band gap is increased to a value in much better agreement with experiment. The Zn d states do not move to higher binding energy as they do in local-density approximation+U calculations. The functional is effective for systems with hydride anions, where correcting self-interaction errors in the 1s state is important. Similarly, it correctly opens semiconducting gaps in the alkaline-earth hexaborides. It correctly stabilizes an antiferromagnetic insulating ground state for the undoped cuprate parent CaCuO{sub 2}, but seriously degrades the agreement with experiment for ferromagnetic Gd relative to the standard local-spin-density approximation and generalized gradient approximations. This is due to positioning of the minority-spin 4f states at too low an energy. Conversely, the position of the La 4f conduction bands of La{sub 2}O{sub 3} is in reasonable accord with experimentmore » as it is with standard functionals. The functional narrows the Fe d bands of the parent compound LaFeAsO of the iron high-temperature superconductors while maintaining the high Fe spectral weight near the Fermi energy. « less
Gut Microbiota and Clostridium difficile: What We Know and the New Frontiers

Our digestive system, particularly our intestines, harbors a vast amount of microorganisms, whose genetic makeup is referred to as the microbiome. Clostridium difficile is a spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium, which can cause an infection whose symptoms range from asymptomatic colonization to fearsome complications such as the onset of toxic megacolon. The relationship between gut microbiota and Clostridium difficile infection has been studied from different perspectives. One of the proposed strategies is to be able to specifically identify which types of microbiota alterations are most at risk for the onset of CDI. In this article, we understood once again how crucial the role of the human microbiota is in health and especially how crucial it becomes, in the case of its alteration, for the individual’s disease. Clostridium difficile infection is an emblematic example of how a normal and physiological composition of the human microbiome can play a very important role in immune defense against such a fearsome disease.
Development and Validation of an Assessment Instrument for Course Experience in a General Education Integrated Science Course

ABSTRACT Identifying instruments and surveys to address geoscience education research (GER) questions is among the high-ranked needs in a 2016 survey of the GER community (St. John et al., 2016). The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a student-centered assessment instrument to measure course experience in a general education integrated science course. A one-shot case study of pre-experimental design (Creswell, 2009, 2014) was used to understand student experiences in a large-enrollment course with digital content integration, including out-of-class video, online presentations, and warm-up questions, as well as in-class video paired with discussion and small group activities. In two sections taught by the same geoscientist, 209 students accessed course content in an online learning management system prior to classroom instruction. We adapted the 36-item Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ; Wilson et al., 1997) to a Web-based survey. We conducted statistical analysis on the CEQ responses, including item factor analysis, examination of communalities and measures of association, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability and stability testing through bootstrap resampling. The statistical analyses indicate that the results in this study are comparable to those from other cultural contexts and subject areas. Given the moderate fit of the model and reasonably stable results, we propose that the core indicators of the CEQ constructs, including Appropriate Workload, Clear Goals and Standards, Generic Skills, Good Teaching, and Emphasis on Independence are sufficient to assess students' course experiences in general education science settings. These results provided moderately to strongly valid information that can help instructors in designing their technology-integrated classes, although further study with a larger sample population would be beneficial. From this study we conclude that students' perceptions of their course experiences are closely related to their development of problem-solving and analytical skills, clear course expectations to direct their own study plans, their preference for a motivating instructor, the opportunity to have a variety of learning choices, and their workload. We propose the use of a 25-item version of the CEQ that is appropriate for formative assessment in discipline-specific STEM introductory classes, including geoscience classes.