Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eligibility of Thematic Student Worksheets Based Ethnoscience on Single Substance and Mixed Substance Materials for Elementary School

The rapid flow of globalization has resulted in the erosion of local cultural values in Indonesia. This has resulted in a shift in content and neglected local wisdom. This study aims to produce and find the quality of thematic student worksheet-based ethnoscience on Single Substance and Mixed Substance Materials for Elementary Schools. This research is research and development (RD), with the development of the Nieveen model with preliminary stages, prototyping stages, summative evaluation, and systematic reflection and documentation. The subjects of this research are media expert validators and material expert validators, one elementary school teacher, and 10 students. The quality of the learning tools developed is measured through the analysis of validity and practicality. The product validity assessment uses a validation questionnaire distributed to experts, and the data obtained is analyzed using the feasibility percentage formula. The practicality of using a response questionnaire assessed by the teacher and students was analyzed using the percentage of practicality. This study resulted in average feasibility of 88.21% categorized as very feasible. The percentage of the practicality of each aspect is 94.33% and 93.33%, categorized as very practical. It was concluded that the LKPD developed met the criteria for developing quality products that were valid and practical. Based on this, it can be concluded that the product developed is feasible and practical to be applied in learning.
Factors Affecting Teachers’ Work Engagement: The Case of Private School Teachers in Jakarta Metropolitan, Indonesia

Previous studies found the phenomenon that the level of work engagement (WE) is deficient in various parts of the world, including in educational organizations. This research aims to analyze how perceived organizational support (POS) and servant leadership (SL) in schools affect teachers' WE. Additionally, this research also aims to examine the mediating role of meaningful work (MW). This research was conducted with a cross-sectional study design with the PLS-SEM method. The research data was obtained through a self-reported questionnaire from 176 school teachers in Jakarta and Bogor, Indonesia. The results revealed that MW is the strongest predictor with the highest effect on teachers' WE. In addition, POS is the strongest predictor of teachers' MW. However, the role of MW as a mediator in this study has a smaller effect than the direct relationship between POS and teachers’ WE and between SL and teachers' WE. Therefore, schools need to provide maximum support to teachers and ensure that teachers can interpret their work and realize that their work has a positive contribution to have high work engagement
Age- and Stage-Dependent Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness Associated with Differential Notch Signaling

Prostate cancer (PC) remains a worldwide challenge, as does the question of how to distinguish its indolent from its aggressive form to reconcile proper management of the disease with age-related life expectations. This study aimed to differentiate the Notch-driven course of PC regarding patients’ ages and stage of their disease. We analyzed 397 PC samples split into age subgroups of ≦55, 60–70, and >70 years old, as well as early vs. late stage. The clinical association of Notch signaling was evaluated by DFS and UpSet analyses. The clustering of downstream effectors was performed with ExpressCluster. Finally, for the most relevant findings, functional networks were constructed with MCODE and stringApp. The results have been validated with an independent cohort. We identified specific patterns of Notch expression associated with unfavorable outcomes, which were reflected by entering into a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal state and thus reaching tumor plasticity with its all consequences. We characterized the molecular determinants of the age-related clinical behavior of prostate tumors that stem from different invasive properties depending on the route of the EMT program. Of the utmost relevance is the discovery of age- and stage-specific combinations of the Notch molecules predicting unfavorable outcomes and constituting a new prognostic and therapeutic approach for PCs.
Patient-Facing Clinical Decision Support for High Blood Pressure Control: Patient Survey

Background High blood pressure (HBP) affects nearly half of adults in the United States and is a major factor in heart attacks, strokes, kidney disease, and other morbidities. To reduce risk, guidelines for HBP contain more than 70 recommendations, including many related to patient behaviors, such as home monitoring and lifestyle changes. Thus, the patient’s role in controlling HBP is crucial. Patient-facing clinical decision support (CDS) tools may help patients adhere to evidence-based care, but customization is required. Objective Our objective was to understand how to adapt CDS to best engage patients in controlling HBP. Methods We conducted a mixed methods study with two phases: (1) survey-guided interviews with a limited cohort and (2) a nationwide web-based survey. Participation in each phase was limited to adults aged between 18 and 85 years who had been diagnosed with hypertension. The survey included general questions that assessed goal setting, treatment priorities, medication load, comorbid conditions, satisfaction with blood pressure (BP) management, and attitudes toward CDS, and also a series of questions regarding A/B preferences using paired information displays to assess perceived trustworthiness of potential CDS user interface options. Results We conducted 17 survey-guided interviews to gather patient needs from CDS, then analyzed results and created a second survey of 519 adults with clinically diagnosed HBP. A large majority of participants reported that BP control was a high priority (83%), had monitored BP at home (82%), and felt comfortable using technology (88%). Survey respondents found displays with more detailed recommendations more trustworthy (56%-77% of them preferred simpler displays), especially when incorporating social trust and priorities from providers and patients like them, but had no differences in action taken. Conclusions Respondents to the survey felt that CDS capabilities could help them with HBP control. The more detailed design options for BP display and recommendations messaging were considered the most trustworthy yet did not differentiate perceived actions.
Incorporating RNA-based Risk Scores for Genomic Instability to Predict Breast Cancer Recurrence and Immunogenicity in a Diverse Population

Markers of genomic instability, including TP53 status and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), are candidate biomarkers of immunogenicity and immune-mediated survival, but little is known about the distribution of these markers in large, population-based cohorts of racially diverse patients with breast cancer. In prior clinical trials, DNA-based approaches have been emphasized, but recent data suggest that RNA-based assessment can capture pathway differences conveniently and may be streamlined with other RNA-based genomic risk scores. Thus, we used RNA expression to study genomic instability (HRD and TP53 pathways) in context of the breast cancer immune microenvironment in three datasets (total n = 4,892), including 1,942 samples from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based study that oversampled Black (n = 1,026) and younger women (n = 1,032). Across all studies, 36.9% of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and 92.6% of ER-negative breast cancer had presence of at least one genomic instability signature. TP53 and HRD status were significantly associated with immune expression in both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer. RNA-based genomic instability signatures were associated with higher PD-L1, CD8 T-cell marker, and global and multimarker immune cell expression. Among tumors with genomic instability signatures, adaptive immune response was associated with improved recurrence-free survival regardless of ER status, highlighting genomic instability as a candidate marker for predicting immunotherapy response. Leveraging a convenient, integrated RNA-based approach, this analysis shows that genomic instability interacts with immune response, an important target in breast cancer overall and in Black women who experience higher frequency of TP53 and HR deficiency. Significance: Despite promising advances in breast cancer immunotherapy, predictive biomarkers that are valid across diverse populations and breast cancer subtypes are needed. Genomic instability signatures can be coordinated with other RNA-based scores to define immunogenic breast cancers and may have value in stratifying immunotherapy trial participants.
Adaptive prediction of turbine profile loss and multi-objective optimization in a wide incidence range

The loss prediction model plays a crucial role in turbine design for fast performance prediction and a shorter design cycle. Owing to the design requirements of high-efficiency turbines under a wide range of operating conditions, the loss prediction of the off-design incidence is increasingly important. However, limited by the modeling database and traditional modeling methods, the accuracy and adaptability of the existing off-design incidence loss predictions are insufficient. This paper proposes an adaptive prediction method based on machine learning and develops a multi-objective optimization process based on adaptive prediction. Machine learning (neural network) is applied for more flexible and accurate loss predictions over a wide incidence range. Compared with two classic loss models (Ainley and Mathieson model and Benner model), the adaptive prediction model significantly improves the ability to predict turbine profile loss with off-design incidence, particularly under large incidence conditions. The prediction root mean square error can be reduced by up to 73.8% (absolute value: 0.063). Furthermore, the multi-objective optimization method based on adaptive prediction is applied to the aerodynamic optimization of the original cascades with a wide incidence range. The weighted objective of the optimized cascade (Cri = 0.211) is reduced by 8.7% compared with that of the original cascade (Cri = 0.231). Within the range of full incidence angle (−40° to +20°), the variation of profile loss is reduced by 24.0%. This study is a preliminary exploration aimed at establishing an accurate turbine loss prediction system based on machine learning, the feasibility, and superiority of this approach are confirmed.
Prosthetic vascular grafts engineered to combat calcification: Progress and future directions

Calcification in prosthetic vascular conduits is a major challenge in cardiac and vascular surgery that compromises the long‐term performance of these devices. Significant research efforts have been made to understand the etiology of calcification in the cardiovascular system and to combat calcification in various cardiovascular devices. Novel biomaterial design and tissue engineering strategies have shown promise in preventing or delaying calcification in prosthetic vascular grafts. In this review, we highlight recent advancements in the development of acellular prosthetic vascular grafts with preclinical success in attenuating calcification through advanced biomaterial design. We also discuss the mechanisms of action involved in the designs that will contribute to the further understanding of cardiovascular calcification. Lastly, recent insights into the etiology of vascular calcification will guide the design of future prosthetic vascular grafts with greater potential for translational success.
Evolution of Nrf2 Gene Expression in HIT-T15 β-Cells During Chronic Oxidative Stress and Glucose Toxicity

Abstract Context Chronic exposure of pancreatic islets to elevated glucose levels causes progressive declines in beta cell Pdx-1 and insulin gene expression, and glucose-induced insulin secretion. This has been shown to be associated with excessive islet reactive oxygen species and consequent damage to beta cell function, a process termed glucose toxicity. In short-term rodent in vivo studies, Nrf2 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1:nuclear factor erythroid-derived-2 related factor complex) has been shown to play a central role in defending beta cells from oxidative damage via activation of antioxidant gene expression. Objective The current studies were primarily designed to examine the behavior of Nrf2 gene expression during longer term exposure of beta cells to glucose toxicity. Methods and Results We provide evidence that gene expression of Nrf2 in HIT-T15 cells, an insulin-secreting beta-cell line, undergoes a biphasic response characterized by an initial decrease followed by increased expression during prolonged culturing of these cells in a physiologic (0.8 mM) but not a supraphysiologic (16.0 mM) glucose concentration. This was associated with a slight rise in HO-1 gene expression. Pdx-1 and insulin mRNA levels also decreased but then stabilized in late passages of cells that had been cultured in low glucose concentrations. Conclusion These complex events support the concept that Nrf2 gene expression plays an important regulatory role in defending beta cells during prolonged exposure to oxidative stress.
A STUDY OF BLOOD LIPID PROFILE IN CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME COMPARED TO OTHER CHILDREN

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common causes of developmental disability in the world with a prevalence of 1:800 live births. Persons born with DS are at increased risk for various health conditions, including thyroid disease, leukemia, congenital heart defects, gastrointestinal tract abnormalities, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Despite this increased risk of chronic disease, life expectancy for individuals with DS has continued to improve with an estimated mean survival approaching 60 years of age. Aim and objectives: To study lipid profile in patients with Down syndrome compared to normal children. Subjects and methods: This is a cross sectional analytic study that was carried out on a total of 100 children; 50 children previously diagnosed as Down syndrome by karyotyping and attending Bab Al sharia University Hospital and Alexandria University Hospital, and 50 healthy children as a control group during the period from February 2021 to January 2022, they were selected by simple random method. All studied children were subjected medical history (with special emphasis on age, sex and family history of ischemic heart disease or cerebrovascular accidents), clinical examination (with special emphasis on weight, height, body mass index and blood pressure) and laboratory investigations (TC, HDL, TG and LDL). Results: Down syndrome cases had values of triglyceride statistically higher than healthy children. DS had values of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein statistically higher than healthy children. Healthy children had values of high-density lipoprotein
“Recovery is fearful to me...”: Conceptualizations, concerns and hopes about personal recovery in adults who are chronically homeless

ABSTRACT This qualitative investigation explored how 18 chronically homeless adults with serious mental illness residing in emergency and temporary supportive housing facilities in Glasgow, Scotland, and New York City conceptualized personal recovery. Thirty-six interviews were conducted and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The analysis produced four superordinate themes revealing how participants engaged with, envisioned, or disidentified with, the recovery idea, in the context of chronic life adversity, co-occurring conditions, a precarious present and an uncertain future. Health and social care providers should be responsive to clients’ diverse ideas about recovery and facilitate their exploration of authentic pathways to a “good life. ”
Is Optimal Matching Suboptimal?

Optimal matching (OM) is a method for measuring the similarity between pairs of sequences (e.g., work histories). This article discusses two problems with optimal matching. First, the author identifies a flaw in OM ‘‘indel costs’’ and proposes a solution to this flaw. Second, the author discusses the need for benchmarks to measure the added value of OM and to test competing versions. To that end, the author conducts an empirical test of traditional OM, the alternative localized OM, and sequence comparison. The test documents the problem with traditional OM and shows that it is solved by localized OM. The test also demonstrates the value of OM and sequence comparison in examining occupational sequences; both methods capture variation beyond traditional human capital and status attainment measures, although the marginal improvements of OM over sequence comparison may not justify its computational complexity. These results point to the need for more systematic approaches to sequence analysis methods.
Characteristics and DGT Based Bioavailability of Cadmium in the Soil–Crop Systems from the East Edge of the Dongting Lake, China

Contamination of heavy metals (including the cadmium, Cd) in agricultural soils has become an increased issue, posing a threat to the crop safety and human health. In order to evaluate the contamination characteristics and bioavailability of Cd in the soil–crop systems from the East edge of the Dongting Lake, four kinds of agricultural products for typical crops (rice, peanut, sweet potato, and corn) and corresponding rhizosphere soils were collected and analyzed for the Cd concentrations. The technique of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) was applied to evaluate the Cd bioavailability in the rhizosphere soils. Concentrations of Cd ranged from 0.04 to 2.95 mg/kg (average 0.24 mg/kg) with 73.9% sites above the background levels, especially for paddy soils. Cd concentrations in the agricultural products ranged from 0.01 to 2.19 mg/kg (average 0.18 mg/kg), with Cd enrichment observed in the peanut samples. No obvious correlations (R2 < 0.25) were observed between the Cd concentrations in the agricultural products and total Cd concentrations in the rhizosphere soils, this indicated that the total Cd concentrations in the soils cannot predict the concentrations in the agricultural products of crops. While the DGT measured Cd concentrations showed good correlations (R2 = 0.64–0.90) with the concentrations in the most agricultural products of crops, which may be used to evaluate the safety of the soil and further safety of the agricultural products of crops. Overall, DGT showed a good potential for prediction of heavy metal bioavailability in soil since the DGT technique can simulate the sustained supply of heavy metals from solid to liquid in the soils.
Femtosecond laser guiding of a high-voltage discharge and the restoration of dielectric strength in air and nitrogen

The use of a low energy, high peak intensity (>100 TW/cm2) femtosecond laser pulse is investigated for guiding and control of a sub-microsecond high voltage discharge. Study of the laser induced plasma channel and measurements of the field required for breakdown in air and nitrogen at atmospheric pressure are presented. Direct imaging of the dynamics of the discharge breakdown shows effective laser guiding. The effectiveness of laser guiding is shown to be critically dependent on the laser focusing geometry, timing, and location relative to the electrodes.
Emotions and Feelings as Predictors of Depression and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders among Children and Adolescents with Complete Blindness

Introduction Although blindness is a detrimental physical condition affecting almost all aspects of the lives of children and adolescents with blindness, little is known about the negative emotions and feelings they express and how they are linked with psychological disorders. Thus, this study aimed at examining the links between negative basic emotions, feelings, depression, and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). Methods Sixty children and adolescents with blindness were selected from HVP Gatagara-Rwamagana. We computed the regression analysis to identify the associations between emotions and feelings and depression and ADHD symptoms. Results Results indicated clinical levels of sadness in 29 of 60 (48.3%), low self-esteem in 27 of 60 (45%), anger in 26 of 60 (43.3%), guilt and shame in 25 of 60) 41.6%, depression in 26 of 60 (43.3%), inattention in 11 of 60 (18.3%) and hyperactivity in 3 of 60 (5%). This study revealed that self-esteem (β = -0.81, p < 0.001), anger (β = 0.76, p < 0.001), sadness (β = 0.75, p < 0.001), low happiness (β = -0.53, p < 0.001), guilt and shame (β = 0.70, p < 0.001) predicted depressive symptoms. Only sadness (β = 0.540, p = 0.04) and anger (β =- 0.556, p = 0.04) were significant predictors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with blindness. Conclusion Interventions designed to elevate self-esteem and happiness as well as decrease anger, sadness, shame and guilt are needed for decreasing the risk of depression and ADHD. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(3):340-349
Dynamics of magnetic vortex core switching in Fe nanodisks by applying in-plane magnetic field pulse

We investigated the influence of the magnetic field pulse parameters and the size of the Fe element to the vortex core switching by micromagnetic modeling. When the magnetic field pulse with an appropriate strength and duration is applied to 30nm thick Fe circular disks with diameters between 100nm and 1μm, the vortex configuration is perturbed away from the equilibrium state, and the circular symmetric distribution of the in-plane magnetization around the vortex core deforms. This leads to the creation of a new vortex core with the opposite polarity and an antivortex. With increasing time, the vortex-antivortex pair annihilates. As a result of the annihilation, a single vortex core with opposite polarity remains and a vortex core switch is realized. The process of core switching, however, strongly depends on the amplitude and duration of the magnetic pulse.
Alcohol use by Athletes: Hierarchy, status, and Reciprocity

Sport is considered a positive, health enhancing lifestyle choice. However, there is considerable evidence that many athletes, particularly those at university, engage in harmful levels of alcohol use. Despite decades of research showing student athletes consume alcohol at high levels, there have been no substantial in-roads into reducing consumption. At present, there is a need to better understand the social, cultural, and personal factors that drive athletes to consume harmful levels of alcohol. This study aimed to address this gap in literature by investigating the group level dynamics which may be driving heavy alcohol use and jeopardising attempts to reduce drinking. Over the course of one academic year, male (n = 9) and female (n = 6) rugby union athletes were recruited to take part in semi-structured interviews. Three overarching themes were identified that best represented the research findings, these were 1) social hierarchy, where alcohol use was used to create and sustain a social hierarchy, 2) status, where alcohol use was used to gain a reputation, and 3) reciprocity, where experienced athletes felt novices needed to go through the same (often painful and degrading) experiences they had. This study suggests that past approaches to reduce alcohol use among student athletes have substantially over-simplified the relationship and have over-focussed on the psychological contributors to this complex phenomena.