Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Multiclass Classification and Dataset Construction via Heterogeneous Local Experts

In the domains of dataset construction and crowdsourcing, a notable challenge is to aggregate labels from a heterogeneous set of labelers, each of whom is potentially an expert in some subset of tasks (and less reliable in others). To reduce costs of hiring human labelers or training automated labeling systems, it is of interest to minimize the number of labelers while ensuring the reliability of the resulting dataset. We model this as the problem of performing <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-class classification using the predictions of smaller classifiers, each trained on a subset of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$[K]$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and derive bounds on the number of classifiers needed to accurately infer the true class of an unlabeled sample under both adversarial and stochastic assumptions. By exploiting a connection to the classical <italic>set cover</italic> problem, we produce a near-optimal scheme for designing such configurations of classifiers which recovers the well known one-vs.-one classification approach as a special case. Experiments with the MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets demonstrate the favorable accuracy (compared to a centralized classifier) of our aggregation scheme applied to classifiers trained on subsets of the data. These results suggest a new way to automatically label data or adapt an existing set of local classifiers to larger-scale multiclass problems.
Incubation Experiments on Net Nitrogen Mineralization in Organic Greek Soils

Abstract Aerobic incubation experiments were conducted in organic surface samples collected from arable soils of Philippoi, in Northern Greece. Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the nitrogen (N) mineralized from soils and sugar beet residues incorporated into the soils. Cumulative mineralization of N, potentially mineralizable nitrogen (N0), and mineralization rate constant k were estimated after 30 continuous incubation weeks at 35°C. Total N content of soils ranged between 6.6 and 19.2 g kg−1, total soil carbon from 119 to 309 g kg−1, soil organic carbon ranged from 119 to 308 g kg−1, and the C∶N ratio varied from 13.5 to 18.3. The cumulative net mineralized N ranged between 132 and 426 mg kg−1 for nonamended soil and between 165 and 586 mg kg−1 for residue‐amended soil. Nitrate was the main form of mineralized N, although appreciable amounts of ammonium were measured. Potentially mineralizable nitrogen (N0) varied between 254 and 1067 mg kg−1 for nonamended soil and 311–1465 mg N kg−1 in residue‐treated soil. The mineralization constant k was between 0.052 and 0.068 (week−1). Close relationships between total soil N and soil organic carbon, and between cumulative mineralization and total soil N were found. Mineralization occurred rather rapidly, although the amount of mineralized N per week was reduced in the later weeks of incubation. Variation in net mineralization among soil samples can be attributed to soil organic matter content, origin, and state of decomposition, as well as differences in management histories, and soil and microenvironmental conditions. Monitoring of mineralization process may ensure a basis for increasing nitrogen use efficiency.
Original article Antioxidant capacity and functionality of oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) flour and crust in a new kind of fruity ice cream

Summary In this study, the influence of milled crust and flour from oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) separately added at different levels (1%, 2% and 3%) on the physical, chemical, sensory, colour properties and antioxidant properties of ice creams were investigated. The increment of crust and flour level caused an increase of dry matter, acidity, viscosity, first dripping, complete melting and vitamin C content. Flour increased overrun values in ice cream. Our results indicated that lyophilised oleaster extracts contain remarkable phenolic compounds. It was observed that lyophilised oleaster extracts exhibited a moderate in vitro antioxidant capacity. The addition of oleaster flour and crust positively affected sensory properties. The sensory results showed that ice cream containing 2% oleaster flour was the highest scored by the panellists. Oleaster flour and crust increased the sweetness of ice cream samples. These results showed that considerable nutritive and functional improvement could be attained by the addition of oleaster flour to ice cream formulation so that it could be used as natural antioxidants in ice cream as a source of flavour with complacency.
Assessment of Spinal Range of Motion and Musculoskeletal Discomfort in Forklift Drivers. A Cross-Sectional Study

Forklifts are commonly used in industrial supply chains to transport heavy loads. Forklift drivers have the risk of developing musculoskeletal discomfort derived from the movement pattern required at work. This research aimed to investigate the spinal range of motion (ROM) and musculoskeletal discomfort of forklift drivers and compare it with a control group. Forklift drivers (39 males) and office workers (31 males) were recruited to assess cervical, thoracic, and lumbar ROM with an electronic double inclinometer. Additionally, musculoskeletal discomfort was registered with the Cornell Discomfort Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Forklift drivers showed a higher cervical discomfort and ROM of lateral lumbar bending than office workers. Both groups reported lower ROM in cervical and lumbar lateral bending on the right side versus the left side. No differences of asymmetry were reported for any variable between groups. Specific exercise programs may correct these mobility imbalances.
From warm to cold waters: new insights into the habitat and trophic ecology of Southern Ocean squids throughout their life cycle

Cephalopods play a major role in marine ecosystems, yet very little is known about the dynamics of their habitat use and trophic ecology across the stages of their life cycle, particularly in the Southern Ocean. Here, we used stable isotope analyses of δ13C (a proxy for foraging habitat) and δ15N (a proxy for trophic position) to investigate the habitat use and trophic eco logy of 10 squid species, collected from the diet of Antipodean (Diomedea antipodensis antipodensis) and Gibson’s (D. a. gibsoni) albatrosses breeding at Antipodes and Adams Island (South Pacific), respectively. We analyzed isotopes in 2 sections of squid lower beaks, representing 2 stages of the life cycle: the tip of the rostrum (juvenile stage) and the wing (adult stage). Higher δ13C values in early life stages (−20.8 ± 1.7‰) than in adult life stages (−21.6 ± 1.9‰) suggest that Southern Ocean squids tend to move southwards as they grow, with oceanic fronts being an important habitat for these species. Our results might indicate that adults may move southwards with climate change, possibly impacting top predators living on northern islands. Overall, δ15N values revealed an increase in trophic position from early (6.7 ± 2.7‰) to adult life stages (9.0 ± 2.5‰) in all species. Nevertheless, significant differences between δ15N values of the 10 species, in both beak sections, suggest different feeding strategies between species and life stages.
Pragmatic Competence as a Regulator of Foreign Language Speaking Proficiency

Pragmatic competence is a multifaceted componential construct (Ifantidou & Tzanne, 2012) in the performance of which different underlying sub-skills produce a range of possible effects on learners’ speaking proficiency. In the study we report on, data from 180 Iranian EFL students were collected (90 boys vs. 90 girls), and the Pearson-Product Moment Correlation Coefficient used to test whether and to what degree the macro and micro components of Prutting and Kirchner’s (1987) Pragmatic Protocol correlate with learners’ scores on the speaking component of the IELTS General Training Test, and whether any perceived relationship varies according to gender. Results indicated that the verbal and paralinguistic components of the Protocol correlated significantly with the different tasks that feature in the IELTS speaking test. This, we argue, has implications for language teaching, and in particular stresses the need to foster conditions that allow for the development in learners of a more fine-tuned understanding of the relationship between language and context and the ways in which particular components of pragmatic competence are called upon in the performance of different kinds of communicative tasks.
The Effect of Managerial Overconfidence on Banking Systemic Risk

Our researcSh aims to examine the relationship between managerial overconfidence and its implication to the banking systemic risk. From behavioral finance perspective, overconfidence managers are more likely to overestimate the future return of the investment project or undertake risky project thus increase their contribution of systemic risk. In this research we use conditional value at risk (CoVaR) approach to measure systemic and to measure managerial overconfidence we use investment based proxy derived from the deviation of expected investment. Using data of Indonesian banks from 2004 – 2014, we found that bank with managerial overconfidence have statistically significant positive influence to the systemic risk compared to non-overconfidence managerial banks.
Influence of Drying Processes on Agglomeration and Grain Diameters of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles

Magnesium hydroxide precipitate was prepared using magnesium chloride and urea as starting materials via a homogenous precipitation method. Before it was calcined to obtain magnesium oxide nanoparticles, the precipitate was pretreated and dried using different pretreatments and drying methods. The as-prepared magnesium oxide nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The results show that when drying methods (except for supercritical CO2 extraction drying) are the same, grain diameters and agglomeration of magnesium oxide nanoparticles exhibit a similar trend and depend on pretreatment. The agglomeration of magnesium oxide nanoparticles is relevant with drying methods when pretreatments are same. The agglomeration of magnesium hydroxide particles is mostly induced by capillary pressure or surface tension.
Does the Fact of Undergoing Natural Hazards Influence People's Environmental Values and Ecological Commitment?

This article explores urban dwellers’ perceptions of climate change and their propensity to act ecologically. It argues that a better understanding of people's moral and psychological functioning toward ecology could guide the creation of more suitable environmental management strategies. The study is based on semi-structured interviews investigating the environmental values of urban inhabitants; the interviews were conducted in 2018, in a coastal French area affected by recurring floods. Our results showed no significant relationships among the three studied factors of experiencing natural hazards, becoming aware of sustainable issues and developing intentions to ‘act green’. In fact, these last two aspects depended mainly on informal education and socio-economic conditions. Using a ‘heuristic of fear’ (Jonas 1984) to develop sustainability practices is therefore inefficient, at best. Instead, practical efforts should be centred on upbringing, education, self-efficacy and socio-economic and political regulations, especially in a country like France where people are historically used to welcoming collective regulations by the Welfare State.
Investigation of Vapor-Liquid Surface Tension for Carbon Dioxide and Hydrocarbon Mixtures by Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory Combined with Density-Gradient Theory

The perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) and density-gradient theory (DGT) are used to construct an equation of state (EOS) applicable for the phase behaviors of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrocarbon binary mixtures. In the bulk phases, the nonuniform EOS reduces to PC-SAFT, which is able to accurately describe the vapor−liquid equilibria (VLE) below the critical region. In the vapor−liquid surface, this EOS is able to predict the surface tensions for binary mixtures with the bulk properties and the influence parameters of pure components as input. The surface tensions of CO2−butane, CO2−decane, CO2−benzene, CO2−cyclohexane, and CO2−tetradecane binary mixtures are predicted, and the results are satisfactory compared with the experimental data.
Synthesis and characterization of N -(alky(aryl)carbamothioyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide derivatives and their Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes

N-(R-carbamothioyl)cyclohexanecarboxamides (R: diethyl, di-n-propyl, di-n-butyl, diphenyl and morpholine-4) and their Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR and NMR methods. N-(diethylcarbamothioyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide, HL1, C12H22N2OS, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121, with Z = 4, and unit cell parameters, a = 6.6925(13) Å, b = 9.0457(18) Å, c = 22.728(5) Å. The conformation of the HL1 molecule with respect to the thiocarbonyl and carbonyl moieties is twisted, as reflected by the torsion angles O1–C6–N2–C5, C6–N2–C5–N1 and S1–C5–N2–C6 of 1.68°, −67.47° and 115.50°, respectively. The structure of HL1 also shows a delocalization of the π electrons of the thiocarbonyl group over the C–N bonds. The ring puckering analysis shows that the cyclohexane ring has a chair conformation. The bis(N-(morpholine-4-carbonothioyl)cyclohexane carboxamido)nickel(II) complex, Ni(L5)2, C24H38N4NiO4S2, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with Z = 4, and unit cell parameters, a = 16.919(3) Å, b = 8.3659(17) Å, c = 19.654(4) Å, β = 107.43(3)°. Ni(L5)2 is a cis-complex with a slightly distorted square-planar coordination of the central nickel by two oxygen and two sulfur atoms.
X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy of chromium–oxygen systems

X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study a series of chromium–oxygen compounds. It has been shown that the ionisation energy of the chromium 2p electrons is dependent primarily on the oxidation state of the chromium metal ion, but that small perturbations may be attributed to changes in crystal structure and hence the Madelung potential. Multiplet splitting in chromium(III) compounds contributes to peak widths, and the chemisorption of water and oxygen has a marked effect on the observed peak profiles. In addition such chemisorption apparently contributes to the build up of surface charge, thereby complicating the precise determination of binding energies.
Preparation and enhanced electro-responsive characteristic of reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole composite sheet suspensions

We used reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as a core to prepare core–shell-structured RGO-supported polypyrrole composite dielectric sheets and demonstrated that the composite sheets possessed significantly enhanced electro-responsive electrorheological (ER) characteristic compared to conventional granular polypyrrole. The morphology and structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectra. The ER characteristic of the sheets when dispersed in silicone oil was investigated by rheological tests under external electric fields. It showed that the shear yield stress of the sheet suspension was significantly higher than that of a suspension containing conventional granular polypyrrole at the same electric field strengths. A complex flow behavior was observed in the sheet suspension, which was different from the Bingham flow behavior in the granular polypyrrole suspension. The sheet suspension also showed higher field-shear moduli and two viscoelastic plateaus as a function of applied stress amplitude. The enhanced ER response was analyzed by the dielectric data and optical microscopy image of the ER structure.
Study of Liver function Tests in Diabetes Type- 2 patients in Ramadi City, Iraq

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders and major diverse disease around the world. Unusual liver function tests are oftenobserved in patients with diabetes mellitus, and are associated with sever complication.This study was conducted in the AL-Ramadi Teaching hospital between June 2017 and June 2018, with the participation of 100 type -2 diabetic patients and 100 agematched healthy subjects in order to detect the liverfunction tests abnormality in type-2 diabetic patients. Parameters like serum albumin, serum total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were used.The results showed thatliver function testparameters including, ALP, AST and ALT were significantly elevated in type -2 diabetic patients when compared to healthy subjects (p <0.001), serum albumin was significantly lower in type2 diabetic patients (p <0.001), while serum bilirubin was not significantly different between the two groups p value was0.917. Despite of the differences were statically significant, the means of all the parameters in this study were within the normal range. 46% of the patients had at leastone or moreabnormal liver function test.
Effect of Different Steeping Conditions on Endosperm Modification and Quality of Distilling Malt

This study showed that when barley was steeped in water for either 8 h or 16 h, hydration of endosperm materials was suboptimal and modification of endosperm materials of barley malt was inadequate. The malt produced under these steeping regimes gave poor friability scores and produced a large number of whole grains. When barley was steeped for 24 h on a continuous basis, or when a regimented standard steeping method was used, the malt produced gave higher friability scores and a much lower number of whole grains. An important relationship was found between friability scores and whole grain results for the malt samples produced under these conditions. Optic barley, whose endosperm was more difficult to hydrate, gave a strong negative correlation between friability scores and number of whole grains at R2 = 0.8689. Oxbridge, whose endosperm was more easily hydrated, gave a much stronger negative correlation between friability scores and number of whole grains at R2 = 0.9769. Rapid visco-analysis (RVA) results also confirmed that steeping the barley samples for only 8 h or 16 h produced malt that modified poorly as the RVA peak viscosities were very high. RVA pasting results further confirmed that when barley was steeped for 24 h on a continuous basis, or when a standard regimented steeping method was used, good quality malt was produced and no differences were found in the RVA peak viscosities of the barley malt samples produced under the two different steeping conditions. The results of protein breakdown (proteolysis) during these experiments, measured in terms of total soluble nitrogen (TSN) production, or soluble nitrogen ratio (SNR) further confirmed that optimal proteolysis was achieved when barley was steeped for either 24 h on a continuous basis, or with a standard steep. Optimal results were also found for hot water ex-tractable materials such as hot water extract (HWE) and free amino nitrogen (FAN) when barley was steeped for 24 h or the standard steep. The 24 h continuous steep for barley produced quality malt comparable to that obtained when the standard regimented steep was used for steeping barley. For both Optic and Oxbridge barley, with a 24 h continuous steep, produced malt that gave significantly higher fermentabilities and PSY values, regardless of germination time, than those obtained using a standard regimented steep. Therefore steeping barley for 24 h on a continuous basis prior to malting will produce good quality malt for some barley samples/varieties. This will help to reduce water usage during steeping, will save steeping time thereby reducing malting time and will reduce the amount of water for effluent treatment. All of these factors result in an overall cost saving for the malting industry.
PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF MEAT BY PEA FIBER AND WHEAT FIBER: EFFECT ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, COOKING CHARACTERISTICS AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF BEEF BURGERS

Pea fiber concentrate (PFC) and wheat fiber concentrate (WFC) were used as dietary fibers in beef burger formulation. These fibers were characterized in terms of chemical composition and techno-functional properties. WFC and PFC presented similar water-binding capacity (3.12 g/g and 3.07 g/g, respectively), whereas a higher oil-binding capacity was observed for WFC (2.89 g/g versus 1.74 g/g). In this study, the level of PFC was fixed at 0.5%, whereas different levels of WFC (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) were tested. The water-holding capacity of raw beef burger was significantly higher with the addition of fibers. The use of these dietary fibers in beef burger formulation improves their cooking properties, i.e., increases the cooking yield and decreases the shrinkage, and minimizes production cost without degradation of sensory properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The use of dietary fiber and water for meat replacement in beef burger formulation was investigated in order to reduce production costs and to improve nutritional characteristics and cooking properties of beef burgers without affecting sensory properties.
The social-origin gap in university graduation by gender and immigrant status: a cohort analysis for Switzerland

A large literature shows that families with more resources are able to provide better learning environments and make more ambitious educational choices for their children. At the end of compulsory education, the result is a social-origin gap in school-track attendance and learning outcomes. Our paper analyses whether this gap further widens thereafter for children with comparable school achievement, and whether the gap varies by gender and migrant status. We examine graduation rates from higher education by combining a cohort study from Switzerland with a reweighting method to match students on their school track, grades, reading literacy and place of residence at the end of compulsory school. The one observed feature that sets them apart is their parents’ socio-economic status. When analysing their graduation rates 14 years later at the age of 30, we find a large social-origin gap. The rate of university completion at age 30 is 20 percentage points higher among students from the highest socio-economic status quartile than among students from the lowest quartile, even though their school abilities were comparable at age 16. This gap appears to be somewhat smaller among women than men, and among natives than migrants, but differences are not statistically significant. For men and women, migrants and natives alike, abundant parental resources strongly increase the likelihood of university graduation in Switzerland.
Effect of Leadership Style Toward Indonesian Education Performance in Education 4.0 Era: A Schematic Literature Review

The purpose of writing this article is to conduct a systematic literature review, on 6 (six) articles of leadership models from reputable international journals. The method used is a systematic literature review of 6 articles published in reputable international journals that discuss leadership models in secondary and higher education institutions in education 4.0 era. The results of the systematic literature review show that the leadership models of the 6 articles show similar similarities, namely transactional, transformational, charismatic, bureaucratic, and democratic leadership that have a positive and significant effect on the performance of educational institutions.