Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of surgical management and implant consideration for depressed skull fractures: A systematic review

Background: Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Depressed skull fractures (DSFs) are a subset of fractures characterized by either direct or indirect brain damage, compressing brain tissue. Recent advances in implant use during primary reconstruction surgeries have shown to be effective. In this systematic review, we assess differences in titanium mesh, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants, autologous pericranial grafts, and methyl methacrylate (PMMA) implants for DSF treatment. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception to September 2022 to retrieve articles regarding the use of various implant materials for depressed skull fractures. Inclusion criteria included studies specifically describing implant type/material within treatment of depressed skull fractures, particularly during duraplasty. Exclusion criteria were studies reporting only non-primary data, those insufficiently disaggregated to extract implant type, those describing treatment of pathologies other than depressed skull fractures, and non-English or cadaveric studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was utilized to assess for presence of bias in included studies. Results: Following final study selection, 18 articles were included for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Of the 177 patients (152 males), mean age was 30.8 years with 82% implanted with autologous graft material, and 18% with non-autologous material. Data were pooled and analyzed with respect to the total patient set, and additionally stratified into those treated through autologous and non-autologous implant material.There were no differences between the two cohorts regarding mean time to encounter, pre-operative Glasgow coma scale (GCS), fracture location, length to cranioplasty, and complication rate. There were statistically significant differences in post-operative GCS (p < 0.0001), LOS (p = 0.0274), and minimum follow-up time (p = 0.000796). Conclusion: Differences in measurable post-operative outcomes between implant groups were largely minimal or none. Future research should aim to probe these basic results deeper with a larger, non-biased sample.
Estimation of a Gaussian Source with Memory in Bursty Impulsive Noise

We consider the problem of estimating correlated Gaussian samples in (correlated) impulsive noise, through message-passing algorithms. This is a meaningful theoretical framework to model signal transmission on power-line communication systems. Due to the mixture of Gaussian variables (the samples) and Bernoulli variables (the impulsive noise switches), the complexity of messages increases exponentially with the number of samples. By adopting a Parallel Iterative Scheduling, with properly constrained messages, it turns out that each iteration of the proposed algorithm is equivalent to the parallel run of a classical Kalman Smoother and a binary sequence detection through the BCJR algorithm. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the receiver along with its performance, in terms of mean square estimation error.
Analyzed and Forecast Large-Scale Tropical Divergent Flow

Abstract Analyzed and forecast 200-mb velocity potential statistics from the ECMWF analysis-forecast cycle for the December–February and June–August seasons of the years 1986–91 are considered. The forecast skill of this representation of the tropical divergent flow is analyzed as is its connection with the skill of forecasting both the tropical and extratropical rotational flow. The mean structure of the velocity potential is concentrated in the tropical region as is its transient variability, which is dominated by the large-scale wavenumber 1 component. Hovmoller diagrams of the velocity potential averaged over the equatorial region show episodic propagating features identified as the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) in both analyses and forecasts. Local deterministic forecasts of velocity potential show a comparatively rapid decrease of skill in the tropical region. There is a general loss of transient variance with forecast range. The forecast skill of tropical velocity potential decreases more rapidly.
Lifestyle Modifications and Nutritional and Therapeutic Interventions in Delaying the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a debilitating progressive illness that affects more than 10% of the world's population. In this literature review, we discussed the roles of nutritional interventions, lifestyle modifications, hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) control, and medications in delaying the progression of CKD. Walking, weight loss, low-protein diet (LPD), adherence to the alternate Mediterranean (aMed) diet, and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010 slow the progression of CKD. However, smoking and binge alcohol drinking increase the risk of CKD progression. In addition, hyperglycemia, altered lipid metabolism, low-grade inflammation, over-activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and overhydration (OH) increase diabetic CKD progression. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines recommend blood pressure (BP) control of <140/90 mmHg in patients without albuminuria and <130/80 mmHg in patients with albuminuria to prevent CKD progression. Medical therapies aim to target epigenetic alterations, fibrosis, and inflammation. Currently, RAAS blockade, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, pentoxifylline, and finerenone are approved for managing CKD. In addition, according to the completed Study of Diabetic Nephropathy with Atrasentan (SONAR), atrasentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA), decreased the risk of renal events in diabetic CKD patients. However, ongoing trials are studying the role of other agents in slowing the progression of CKD.
Theoretical analysis and fabrication of antireflection coatings on laser-diode facets

Reflectivity of an antireflection-(AR) coated laser-diode (LD) facet is analyzed on the basis of a slab waveguide model and an angular spectrum approach. The reflectivities of single- and double-layer AR coatings on 1.55-μm GaInAsP/InP LD's are numerically calculated. Optimum film parameters, such as thickness and refractive index of single-layer AR coating films, are obtained as functions of the active layer thickness. A minimum reflectivity as low as 1 \times 10^{-4} was realized using refractive index controlled SiO x film as an AR coating for a 1.55-μm GaInAsP/InP buried-heterostructure (BH) LD.
The Prediction of COVID-19 Virus Mutation Using Long Short-Term Memory

A worldwide epidemic has been caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19). The high transmission rate of this pathogen requires early prediction and appropriate identification of mutations. Predicting this evolution will aid in the early detection of new strains and potentially facilitate the design of more effective antiviral therapies. However, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV2 (known as COVID-19) are all challenging to predict because of the virus's polymorphic nature, which enables it to adapt and survive across species, so there is a strong need for prediction to characterize mutations using their genetic information. A working method based on deep learning has been proposed to identify unknown sequences of pathogens to mitigate this problem. This study aims to predict virus mutations, especially codon mutations, for six types of coronavirus mutations (MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-l, SARS-CoV-2, Alpha, Beta, Gamma). In this work, long-term memory is used for base prediction as an alignment-free technique. This algorithm is applied to several DNAs of coronavirus mutations where the k-mer technique is applied to segment the data to create a unique vocabulary. Then the TF-IDF is subsequently used for the identified virus sequences. The results showed that this technique's predictive accuracy on this data set reached 99%. It should be noted that this model was developed in Python using the Keras library, which is part of the Tensorflow library.
LARGE-SCALE DISTRIBUTION OF ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS OF COSMIC RAYS DETECTED ABOVE 1018 eV AT THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY

A thorough search for large-scale anisotropies in the distribution of arrival directions of cosmic rays detected above 1018 eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory is presented. This search is performed as a function of both declination and right ascension in several energy ranges above 1018 eV, and reported in terms of dipolar and quadrupolar coefficients. Within the systematic uncertainties, no significant deviation from isotropy is revealed. Assuming that any cosmic-ray anisotropy is dominated by dipole and quadrupole moments in this energy range, upper limits on their amplitudes are derived. These upper limits allow us to test the origin of cosmic rays above 1018 eV from stationary Galactic sources densely distributed in the Galactic disk and predominantly emitting light particles in all directions.
Factors Associated with COVID-19-Related Stress among Female Primary Caregivers in Vulnerable Families in South Africa

Inequality in South Africa is deeply rooted, and COVID-19 glaringly brought inequalities between families to the forefront. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with the above average stress levels of female primary caregivers in vulnerable families during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken among vulnerable families from October 2021 to February 2022. Above average scores were reported by approximately half of the respondents regarding stress from children/partners and stress related to financial issues. Fear of COVID-19, feeling depressed, COVID-19′s impact on daily life, lower education levels, being in a relationship and living together, and perceiving an increase in domestic violence were statistically significantly associated with above average stress from children/partners. Age, impact of COVID-19 on daily life, being in a relationship and living with a husband/partner, and running out of food during the past 30 days were statistically significantly associated with above average stress concerning finances. These results provide new insights that can assist policy makers and practitioners in supporting low-income families during times of crisis. Support should not just focus on practical aspects, such as the provision of food, but equally importantly, on emotional support and protection for female primary caregivers and their families. Future research should delve more deeply into causes of COVID-19-related stress in vulnerable families.
Diffusion Creep Characteristics of Anorthite Revealed by Uniaxial and Pure Shear Deformation Experiments

Plagioclase, a major rock‐forming mineral in the Earth's crust, often shows microstructural evidence of ductile deformation in crustal rocks, suggesting that crustal flow is largely controlled by the high‐temperature deformation behavior of this mineral. Here, we present uniaxial and pure shear deformation experiments that reveal various diffusion creep characteristics of anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), a calcium‐rich plagioclase endmember. We synthesized fine‐grained (∼1 μm) anorthite aggregates with different Al/Si ratios (Al/Si = 1 and 0.97) that were either undoped or doped with 1 wt% MgO. We determined that the synthesized samples deformed by interface (reaction)‐controlled and grain‐boundary diffusion creep mechanisms. At similar conditions of stress, temperature, and grain size, strain rates varied by ∼4 orders of magnitude among the samples. A reduction in Al/Si ratio weakens the aggregate by ∼2 orders of magnitude, while doping with MgO, which probably becomes concentrated at grain boundaries, further weakens samples with different Al/Si ratios to the same low strength level. The resulting low viscosity due to MgO is comparable to that of grain‐boundary diffusion creep in anorthite in previous studies. Grain boundary sliding (GBS)‐induced rigid‐body‐like grain rotation was identified by analysis of a marker‐etched sample surface after deformation. Crystallographic preferred orientation and shape preferred orientation developed after the samples were deformed to strains of ≥0.7, which is well explained by preferential GBS along grain boundaries parallel to (010) and also in the [100] direction within the grain‐boundary plane. These important, but previously unknown, characteristics of anorthite diffusion creep originate from the nature of the grain boundaries.
A Structural Validation of the Brief COPE Scale among Outpatients with Alcohol and Opioid Use Disorders

Recovery from substance use disorder requires access to effective coping resources. The most widely self-reported questionnaire used to assess coping responses is the Brief COPE; however, different factorial structures were found in a variety of samples. This study aimed to examine across outpatients with substance use disorders the factor structure of the short dispositional French version of the Brief Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced (COPE) inventory. The French version of the Brief COPE was administered in a sample of 318 outpatients with alcohol or opioid substance use disorder. A clustering analysis on latent variables (CLV) followed by a confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the factor structure of the scale. The internal consistency of the Brief COPE and its subscales were also studied. The analysis revealed a nine-factor structure with a revised 24-item version consisting of functional strategies (four items), problem-solving (four items), denial (two items), substance use (two items), social support seeking (four items), behavioral disengagement (two items), religion (two items), blame (two items), and humor (two items) that demonstrated a good fit to the data. This model explained 53% of the total variance with an overall McDonald’s omega (ω) of 0.96 for the revised scale. The present work offers a robust and valid nine-factor structure for assessing coping strategies in French outpatients with opioid or alcohol substance use disorder. This structure tends to simplify its use and interpretation of results for both clinicians and researchers.
Integrated Autonomous Model System as Research Media

This paper introduces concept and method of Integrated Autonomous Model System (IAMS) which is developed as organized content in dedicated collaborative virtual space (CVS). IAMS is a recent result and at the same time a possible answer to new requests by engineering related research. Development of IAMS in CVS uses capabilities offered by Modeling Sotware Platform (MSP). IAMS is devoted as model system which is capable of system, situation, behavior, and context representation. In its application proposed in this paper, IAMS is a purposeful experimental model serving research and represents results in applied informatics and applied mathematics in model environment suitable for development, validation, and experimental application of results. Research using IAMS is planned in the organization of a Virtual Research Laboratory (VRL). In this paper, first the relevant elements of recently modified concept of VRL are briefed to introduce contributions in this paper. Following this, IAMS is characterized as integrated media of research. Next, definition of global research organization in CVS using cloud organized services by research purpose configured MSP in the VRL is explained. Finally, PhD research program in functional organic shape modeling as means for the representation of living organizations in close connection with modeling of engineering shapes is introduced as example for key areas in future research at VRL.
MEG Node Degree for Focus Localization: Comparison with Invasive EEG

Epilepsy surgery is a viable therapy option for patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsies. A prerequisite for postoperative seizure freedom is the localization of the epileptogenic zone, e.g., using electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG). Evidence shows that resting state MEG contains subtle alterations, which may add information to the workup of epilepsy surgery. Here, we investigate node degree (ND), a graph-theoretical parameter of functional connectivity, in relation to the seizure onset zone (SOZ) determined by invasive EEG (iEEG) in a consecutive series of 50 adult patients. Resting state data were subjected to whole brain, all-to-all connectivity analysis using the imaginary part of coherence. Graphs were described using parcellated ND. SOZ localization was investigated on a lobar and sublobar level. On a lobar level, all frequency bands except alpha showed significantly higher maximal ND (mND) values inside the SOZ compared to outside (ratios 1.11–1.20, alpha 1.02). Area-under-the-curve (AUC) was 0.67–0.78 for all expected alpha (0.44, ns). On a sublobar level, mND inside the SOZ was higher for all frequency bands (1.13–1.38, AUC 0.58–0.78) except gamma (1.02). MEG ND is significantly related to SOZ in delta, theta and beta bands. ND may provide new localization tools for presurgical evaluation of epilepsy surgery.
Numerical Investigation of Dual-Mode Operation in a Rectangular Scramjet Flowpath

Three-dimensional turbulent simulations with combustion modeling are employed to understand fundamental phenomena encountered in the Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation Flight 2 scramjet flowpath. Experimental data from the ground-test campaign as well as a grid resolution study are used to validate the results of the simulations. These confirmed results are then leveraged to explain the physics of dual- and scramjet-mode operation in a steady sense, including detailed examinations of shock structure, boundary-layer separation, and combustion chemistry. Simulations of the flight and ground tests are compared in order to characterize the effects of the inlet on the boundary-layer development and internal shock structures. Overall, agreement with ground-test data is excellent, and the simulations show highly complex three-dimensional structures in the flowpath. Boundary-layer separation induced shock–boundary-layer interactions dominate dual-mode operation, whereas at higher Mach number.
Generation of THz Radiation by Laser Plasma Interaction

This paper presents the three wave parametric decay process to generate the Terahertz (THz) radiations in magnetized plasma. The pump wave (Laser beam) is considered in the extraordinary mode (x‐mode), propagating perpendicular to the background magnetic field. This pump wave decays into an upper hybrid wave and a THz wave which is in magnetosonic mode. The appropriate expressions for the coupling coefficients of the threewave interaction and THz wave amplitude have been derived. Subsequently, the growth rate of this decay instability is also calculated. Various laser and plasma parameters were optimized and we report efficiency of the order of ∼1.4 × 10–2 for current scheme. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) Infected Cell Protein 0 (ICP0) Targets of Ubiquitination during Productive Infection of Primary Adult Sensory Neurons

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) enters sensory neurons with the potential for productive or latent infection. For either outcome, HSV-1 must curtail the intrinsic immune response, regulate viral gene expression, and remove host proteins that could restrict viral processes. Infected cell protein 0 (ICP0), a virus-encoded E3 ubiquitin ligase, supports these processes by mediating the transfer of ubiquitin to target proteins to change their location, alter their function, or induce their degradation. To identify ubiquitination targets of ICP0 during productive infection in sensory neurons, we immunoprecipitated ubiquitinated proteins from primary adult sensory neurons infected with HSV-1 KOS (wild-type), HSV-1 n212 (expressing truncated, defective ICP0), and uninfected controls using anti-ubiquitin antibody FK2 (recognizing K29, K48, K63 and monoubiquitinated proteins), followed by LC-MS/MS and comparative analyses. We identified 40 unique proteins ubiquitinated by ICP0 and 17 ubiquitinated by both ICP0 and host mechanisms, of which High Mobility Group Protein I/Y (HMG I/Y) and TAR DNA Binding Protein 43 (TDP43) were selected for further analysis. We show that ICP0 ubiquitinates HMG I/Y and TDP43, altering protein expression at specific time points during productive HSV-1 infection, demonstrating that ICP0 manipulates the sensory neuronal environment in a time-dependent manner to regulate infection outcome in neurons.
A Domain Generative Graph Network for EEG-Based Emotion Recognition

Emotion is a human attitude experience and corresponding behavioral response to objective things. Effective emotion recognition is important for the intelligence and humanization of brain-computer interface (BCI). Although deep learning has been widely used in emotion recognition in recent years, emotion recognition based on electroencephalography (EEG) is still a challenging task in practical applications. Herein, we proposed a novel hybrid model that employs generative adversarial networks to generate potential representations of EEG signals while combining graph convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks to recognize emotions from EEG signals. Experimental results on DEAP and SEED datasets show that the proposed model achieved the promising emotion classification performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Delineating Ultrafast Structural Dynamics of a Green-Red Fluorescent Protein for Calcium Sensing

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are indispensable tools for noninvasive bioimaging and sensing. Measuring the free cellular calcium (Ca2+) concentrations in vivo with genetically encodable FPs can be a relatively direct measure of neuronal activity due to the complex signaling role of these ions. REX-GECO1 is a recently developed red-green emission and excitation ratiometric FP-based biosensor that achieves a high dynamic range due to differences in the chromophore response to light excitation with and without calcium ions. Using steady-state electronic measurements (UV/Visible absorption and emission), along with time-resolved spectroscopic techniques including femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) and femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS), the potential energy surfaces of these unique biosensors are unveiled with vivid details. The ground-state structural characterization of the Ca2+-free biosensor via FSRS reveals a more spacious protein pocket that allows the chromophore to efficiently twist and reach a dark state. In contrast, the more compressed cavity within the Ca2+-bound biosensor results in a more heterogeneous distribution of chromophore populations that results in multi-step excited state proton transfer (ESPT) pathways on the sub-140 fs, 600 fs, and 3 ps timescales. These results enable rational design strategies to enlarge the spectral separation between the protonated/deprotonated forms and the Stokes shift leading to a larger dynamic range and potentially higher fluorescence quantum yield, which should be broadly applicable to the calcium imaging and biosensor communities.