Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of River-Water Fouling Rates for Spirally Indented and Plain Tubes

Abstract This article presents river-water fouling rates at 12 Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) power plant condensers, nine of which were retubed with a commercially available enhanced tube. Four were located on the Cumberland River, six on the Ohio, and two on the Clinch River. The overall heat transfer coefficients were calculated from logged field data taken over periods extending from 1 to 10 years. The fouling resistances were next calculated with the separate resistance method and with a bundle correction factor to the condensing, single-tube Nusselt prediction. The bundle correction factor was determined for each condenser using the data taken within 1000 hours after each cleaning. With the use of this new bundle factor method, fouling rate data can be obtained even with variable operating conditions. The fouling rates with the enhanced tubes ranged from about the same as to about twice that of the plain tubes. However, the thermal performance with the enhanced tubes remained superior to that obta.
Effect of the thickness of the MoO3 layers on optical properties of MoO3/Ag/MoO3 multilayer structures

The electrical and optical properties of MoO3/Ag/MoO3 multilayer structures have been studied using the Ag deposition rate and layer thicknesses as parameters. When the silver film is deposited at 0.20 nm/s rate, the silver layer thickness necessary to achieve the percolation threshold of the resistivity ρ towards conductive structures is 10 nm. Below 10 nm, the films are semiconductor and above the films are conductors. In the present work, the variation of the thicknesses of top and bottom MoO3 layers is shown to strongly modify the optical properties of the multilayer structures. By using a Ag thickness of 10 nm, we demonstrate an increasing of the transmittance of the MoO3/Ag/MoO3 structures by optimizing the MoO3 layers thicknesses. When the MoO3 bottom layer is 20 nm thick, and the MoO3 top layer is 35 nm, the maximum transmission is 86% at the wavelength of 465 nm, while the averaged transmission in the visible range (350 nm-800 nm) is 70%. The best measured conductivity, σ = 1.1 × 105 (Ω cm)-1, corresponds also to this MoO3 (20 nm)/Ag (10 nm)/MoO3 (35 nm) structure. A good qualitative agreement between the theoretical calculations of the variation of the optical transmittance and reflectance of the MoO3/Ag/MoO3 structures is also highlighted.
Quantifying extreme behavior in geomagnetic activity

Understanding the extremes in geomagnetic activity is an important component in understanding just how severe conditions can become in the terrestrial space environment. Extreme activity also has consequences for technological systems. On the ground, extreme geomagnetic behavior has an impact on navigation and position accuracy and the operation of power grids and pipeline networks. We therefore use a number of decades of one‐minute mean magnetic data from magnetic observatories in Europe, together with the technique of extreme value statistics, to provide a preliminary exploration of the extremes in magnetic field variations and their one‐minute rates of change. These extremes are expressed in terms of the variations that might be observed every 100 and 200 years in the horizontal strength and in the declination of the field. We find that both measured and extrapolated extreme values generally increase with geomagnetic latitude (as might be expected), though there is a marked maximum in estimated extreme levels between about 53 and 62 degrees north. At typical midlatitude European observatories (55–60 degrees geomagnetic latitude), compass variations may reach approximately 3–8 degrees/minute, and horizontal field changes may reach 1000–4000 nT/minute, in one magnetic storm once every 100 years. For storm return periods of 200 years the equivalent figures are 4–11 degrees/minute and 1000–6000 nT/minute.
Spinal Cord Sarcoidosis Occurring at Sites of Spondylotic Stenosis, Mimicking Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

This case series illustrates the clinical presentations and imaging findings of 5 patients with intramedullary spinal neurosarcoidosis occurring at sites of spondylotic spinal canal stenosis, which can be indistinguishable from spondylotic myelopathy with cord enhancement. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease, with intramedullary spinal cord involvement seen in <1% of cases. This case series illustrates the clinical presentations and imaging findings of 5 patients with intramedullary spinal neurosarcoidosis occurring at sites of spondylotic spinal canal stenosis, which can be indistinguishable from spondylotic myelopathy with cord enhancement. Both entities are most common in middle-aged men and present with weeks to months of motor and sensory symptoms. On imaging, both can have focal spinal cord enhancement and longitudinally extensive signal abnormality centered at or just below the level of spinal canal stenosis. On the basis of our experience, we suggest that in patients with cord enhancement centered at or just below a site of spinal canal stenosis, consideration should be given to chest imaging and lymph node biopsy when applicable, to assess for the possibility of underlying sarcoidosis before surgical decompression.
Is Janus Kinase Inhibition the Future of the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis-associated Interstitial Lung Disease?

Interstitial lung disease is a leading complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, no drugs are yet available to treat these pulmonary and articular diseases together, although several agents show promise. Janus kinase inhibitors have found increasing favour among rheumatologists in the treatment of active RA because they can rapidly reduce articular disease activity and because they have a simple oral dosing regime and good patient acceptability. There are many plausible reasons to believe that Janus kinase inhibitors may delay the onset and improve the outcomes of RA-associated interstitial lung disease, in tandem with their beneficial articular effects. This editorial describes the rationale for exploring this possibility further.
Analyzing technology acceptance model for collaborative governance in public administration: Empirical evidence of digital governance and perceived ease of use

This research was conducted with the primary aim to investigate digital governance by examining empirical evidence regarding the application of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in public administration. The antecedents of TAM were explored to estimate behavioral intention and actual use in electronic public service in public administration in Indonesia. The research was conducted in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia by employing simple random sampling techniques to collect a total of 182 respondents. By using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM), the results showed significant effects on perceived usefulness and attitude toward use. The variable of perceived usefulness was also empirically proven to have a significant effect on attitude toward use and behavioral intention. The findings found that attitude toward use had a significant effect on behavioral intention, and then behavioral intention was empirically proven to have an effect on actual use. Mediating analysis from the variables of perceived usefulness, attitude toward use and behavioral intention also found the mediating roles. Theoretically, these findings contribute to the digital governance framework by providing empirical evidence strengthening the relevance and affirming the application of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in the context of public administration. Practically, these findings have managerial implications that the application of TAM in the public administration sector is relevant to be explored with a professional management model and a user-based approach in the development of digital applications and websites.
Extended least squares and their applications to adaptive control and prediction in linear systems

Herein strong consistency of recursive extended least squares is established under considerably weaker assumptions than previously assumed in the literature. The argument used to establish consistency also leads to certain basic properties of adaptive predictors based on these recursive estimators. Making use of these properties of the adaptive predictors, simple modifications of the Astrom-Wittenmark self-tuning regulator are proposed and shown to be asymptotically optimal.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Effect of Halogenated Coumarin Derivatives

A series of 6- and 6,8-halocoumarin derivatives have been investigated as potential antiproliferative compounds against a panel of tumor and normal cell lines. Cytotoxic effects were determined by the MTT method. To investigate the potential molecular mechanism involved in the cytotoxic effect, apoptosis assay, cell cycle analysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduced glutathione analysis were performed. Among the screened compounds, coumarins 6,8-dibromo-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbonitrile 2h and 6,8-diiodo-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbonitrile 2k exhibited the most antiproliferative effect in thyroid cancer-derived cells TPC-1. The apoptosis assay showed that both 2h and 2k induced apoptosis in TPC-1 thyroid cancer cells. According to these experiments, both coumarins induced a slight increase in TPC-1 cells in the G2/M phase and a decrease in the S phase. A significant increase in ROS levels was observed in TPC-1 treated with diiodocoumarin 2k, while the dibromocoumarin 2h induced a decrease in ROS in a dose and time-dependent manner.
A Pilot Study of Aptamer-Conjugated Silk Ligament with MSCs Recruitment Ability for ACL Reconstruction

ABSTRACT Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the most common knee injuries. Due to the limited self-healing capacity, complex structure, and mechanical environment, the regeneration of ACL remains a challenge. To achieve fast recovery and long-term ACL regeneration, biodegradable scaffolds with excellent initial mechanical support and cell recruitment ability have gained increasing research interest. The aptamer-functionalized silk fiber was fabricated by embedding silk fiber into morpholinoethanesulfonic/1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride, N-hydroxysuccinimide buffer with aptamer 19s (Apt19s) and characterized in vitro. The clinically size-matched silk ligament was braided utilizing commercial methodology (polyethylene terephthalate ligament), and the tensile strength was analyzed. A total of 18 rabbits were used to test the early mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment of Apt19s-functionalized silk ligaments. Macroscopic analysis and hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry stainings were applied at 3, 5, and 7 days post-implantation. The ultimate strength of silk fiber was lower than that of PET fibers. However, the prepared silk ligament had comparable mechanical strength to the native ACL. In vitro, the Apt19s-functionalized fiber recruited bone marrow-derived MSCs. In vivo, Apt19s-functionalized silk ligament enhanced early MSCs recruitment after implantation in comparison with the aptamer-free ligament. The Apt19s-functionalized scaffold silk ligament exhibited comparable mechanical strength with native ACL and enhanced endogenous MSC homing.
Increasing aridity causes larger and more severe forest fires across Europe

Area burned has decreased across Europe in recent decades. This trend may, however, reverse under ongoing climate change, particularly in areas not limited by fuel availability (i.e. temperate and boreal forests). Investigating a novel remote sensing dataset of 64,448 fire events that occurred across Europe between 1986 and 2020, we find a power‐law relationship between maximum fire size and area burned, indicating that large fires contribute disproportionally to fire activity in Europe. We further show a robust positive correlation between summer vapor pressure deficit and both maximum fire size (R2 = .19) and maximum burn severity (R2 = .12). Europe's fire regimes are thus highly sensitive to changes in future climate, with the probability for extreme fires more than doubling by the end of the century. Our results suggest that climate change will challenge current fire management approaches and could undermine the ability of Europe's forests to provide ecosystem services to society.
On the Classification of the Spectrum of Second Order Difference Operators

We study nonsymmetric second order difference operators acting in the Hilbert space 2 and describe the resolvent set and the essential spectrum of such operators in terms of related formal orthogonal polynomials. As an application, we obtain new results on the growth of orthonormal polynomials outside and inside the support of the underlying measure of orthogonality.
Intratendinous pressure changes in the Achilles tendon during stretching and eccentric loading: Implications for Achilles tendinopathy

Mechanical overload is considered the main cause of Achilles tendinopathy. In addition to tensile loads, it is believed that the Achilles tendon may also be exposed to compressive loads. However, data on intratendinous pressures are lacking, and consequently, their role in the pathophysiology of tendinopathy is still under debate. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the intratendinous pressure changes in the Achilles tendon during stretching and eccentric loading. Twelve pairs of human cadaveric legs were mounted in a testing rig, and a miniature pressure catheter was placed through ultrasound‐guided insertion in four different regions of the Achilles tendon: the insertion (superficial and deep layers), mid‐portion, and proximal portion. Intratendinous pressure was measured during three simulated loading conditions: a bent‐knee calf stretch, a straight‐knee calf stretch, and an eccentric heel‐drop. It was found that the intratendinous pressure increased exponentially in both the insertion and mid‐portion regions of the Achilles tendon during each loading condition (p < 0.001). The highest pressures were consistently found in the deep insertion region (p < 0.001) and during the eccentric heel‐drop (p < 0.001). Pressures in the mid‐portion were also significantly higher than in the proximal portion (p < 0.001). These observations offer novel insights and support a role for compression in the pathophysiology of Achilles tendinopathy by demonstrating high intratendinous pressures at regions where Achilles tendinopathy typically occurs. To what extent managing intratendinous pressure might be successful in patients with Achilles tendinopathy by, for example, avoiding excessive stretching, modifying exercise therapy, and offering heel lifts requires further investigation.
Fixed points of certain involutions in Banach spaces

Abstract Some results on fixed points of certain involutions in Banach spaces have been obtained, and whence a few coincidence theorems are also derived. These are indeed generalization of previously known results due to Browder, Goebel-Zlotkiewicz and Iséki. Illustrative examples are also given.
Leave no one behind: Optimal Care of all Patients with Haemophilia A.

Background: Haemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder due to failure of throm-bin generation resulting from clotting factor deficiency. In haemophilia A, the de-ficient factor is Factor VIII due to mutations in the F8 gene. In the past several decades, we have seen an unprecedented evolution of therapies for managing hae-mophilia A (Mahlangu, 2022) . These have included blood and blood products to plasma-derived concentrate, recombinant concentrate, concentrate with improvedpharmacokinetics and, more recently, non-replacement therapies. Notwithstandingthese advances in treatments, patients with haemophilia A (PwHA) remain withseveral unmet needs.
The effects of Aboriginal tertiary students' perceived experiences of racism and of cultural resilience on educational engagement

Racism pervasively impacts the lives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and is a substantial barrier to accessing, engaging and succeeding within secondary education. Cultural resilience and support have been identified as critical to Aboriginal success within racist institutions. However, research examining experiences of racism and cultural resilience among Aboriginal tertiary students is limited. This study explored the relationship between racism, cultural resilience, and educational engagement and academic outcomes in a sample of these students (N = 63). We proposed that higher perceived racism would be associated with lower engagement and academic outcomes. The study also developed a new measure of Aboriginal tertiary students’ experience of racism during their studies, which demonstrated good reliability and validity. Experiencing racism was associated with perceiving a less supportive learning environment, and with lower learning outcomes, developmental outcomes and overall student satisfaction.
Laser Doppler Velocity and Vorticity Measurements in Turbulent Shear Layers

A Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) system was developed to measure the instantaneous spanwise vorticity, - ω_z, in a turbulent shear layer. It was necessary to design and fabricate the LDV optics and processing electronics, as no commercially available LDV systems met the specifications of measuring the velocity at four closely spaced points to the requisite accuracy. Measurements were also made of the instantaneous u, v, u', v' and - u'v'. The instantaneous vorticity was processed to obtain an estimate of its probability density function, from which the mean and rms values were estimated. It was also possible to separate the irrotational fraction of the flow (-ω_z = 0) from the rotational (intermittent) fraction of the flow (-ω_z ≠ O). The development of the intermittency profiles, based on vorticity, as a function of the downstream distance from the splitter plate was studied. A notable feature is that the vorticity is found to have values opposite the mean sense of rotation, i.e., - ω_z(t) < 0, a significant fraction of the time. Additionally, a detailed study was performed to evaluate the approximation of -∂v/∂x, in terms of various local temporal derivatives ∂v/u(y)∂t. The optimum choice for u(y) can be found and is influenced by the relative local convection velocities of the small and large scale structures.
Periodicity of maskers not targets determines ease of perceptual segregation using differences in fundamental frequency

Meddis and Hewitt [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, 233–245 (1992)] proposed a model of the use of differences in fundamental frequency to segregate competing sound sources. Key features of the model are: (i) a bank of bandpass filters, to simulate peripheral frequency analysis; (ii) autocorrelation, to determine the periodicities present in each channel; (iii) pooling of autocorrelation functions across channels, to determine the dominant periodicity. Evidence of the dominant source is found by grouping channels containing the dominant periodicity. Evidence of the nondominant source is found in the remaining channels. The model predicts that the periodicity of the dominant source, rather than the nondominant source, determines the ease of segregation. To test the prediction, thresholds for the identification of ‘‘target’’ vowels were measured in the presence of ‘‘masking’’ vowels. Targets and maskers were composed of sinusoids placed either harmonically or randomly in frequency. Masked thresholds were significant.
Transverse quantum Stern–Gerlach magnets for electrons

In the Stern–Gerlach experiment, silver atoms were separated according to their spin state (Gerlach and Stern 1922 Z. Phys. 9 353–355). This experiment demonstrates the quantization of spin and relies on the classical description of motion. However, so far, no design has led to a functional Stern–Gerlach magnet for free electrons. Bohr and Pauli showed in the 1930 Solvay conference that Stern–Gerlach magnets for electrons cannot work, at least if the design is based on classical trajectories (Pauli W 1932 Proc. of the 6th Solvay Conf. 2 (1930) (Brussels: Gauthier-Villars) pp 183–86, 217–20, 275–80; Pauli W 1964 Collected Scientific Papers ed R Kronig and V F Weiskopf, vol 2 (New York: Wiley)). Here, we present ideas for the realization of a Stern–Gerlach magnet for electrons in which spin and motion are treated fully quantum mechanically. We show that a magnetic phase grating composed of a regular array of microscopic current loops can separate electron diffraction peaks according to their spin states. The experimental feasibility of a diffractive approach is compared to that of an interferometric approach. We show that an interferometric arrangement with magnetic phase control is the functional equivalent of an electron Stern–Gerlach magnet.
Genre Analysis of English vs. Indonesian Application Letters

Genre studies in English for specific purposes (ESP) have long been widely investigated, including in academic and professional texts. In professional texts, these studies have been conducted in business letters, formal letters, newsletters in China and Australia, advertising promotional media in Indonesia, and application letters. However, application letters are still the least investigated in the Indonesian context. Furthermore, contrastive genre analysis of English and Indonesian application letters has never been investigated to date. Based on finding and comprehending this gap in the literature, the researcher is encouraged and interested in conducting the present study. The researcher involved and trained 12 English foreign language (EFL) students to analyze rhetorical moves of 63 English and 63 Indonesian application letters. However, among the 63 English application letters, 25 were written by non-native English speakers. Thus, the researcher only focused on analyzing 38 English and 63 Indonesian application letters. Then, to ensure the validity of the analysis results, the researcher reanalyzed the rhetorical moves by re-reading application letters three times using a top-down approach and identifying their linguistic signals. The results showed two rhetorical models of English and Indonesian application letters. These two models imply that they have rhetorical differences in communicating their purposes.
Cabergoline-associated valvulopathy of the tricuspid valve in the treatment of prolactinoma

Summary Cabergoline-associated valvulopathy (CAV) is defined by the echocardiographic triad of moderate or severe regurgitation, valvular thickening and restricted valvular motion. While it is a well-described complication of dopamine agonist therapy in Parkinson’s disease, only three convincing cases of CAV have previously been described in the treatment of prolactinoma, with none involving the tricuspid valve. We describe a case of CAV affecting the tricuspid valve, ultimately resulting in the patient’s death. The novel finding of CAV affecting the tricuspid valve suggests a possible link between confirmed cases of CAV and the echocardiographic surveillance studies of cabergoline-treated prolactinoma patients which have mostly demonstrated subclinical tricuspid valve changes. The risk of CAV, although small, prompts a mindful prescription of dopamine agonist therapy for prolactinomas and consideration of measures to minimise cabergoline exposure. The cumulative cabergoline doses and duration of therapy associated with CAV in published cases exceed what has been evaluated in case series and surveillance studies, underscoring the importance of case reports in understanding CAV.