Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Surface Geometry on Film Cooling Performance at Airfoil Trailing Edge

Cooling at the trailing edge of a gas turbine airfoil is one of the most difficult problems because of its thin shape, high thermal load from both surfaces, hard-to-cool geometry of narrow passages, and at the same time demand for structural strength. In this study, the heat transfer coefficient and film cooling effectiveness on the pressure-side cutback surface was measured by a transient infrared thermography method. Four different cutback geometries were examined: two smooth cutback surfaces with constant-width and converging lands (base and diffuser cases) and two roughened cutback surfaces with transverse ribs and spherical dimples. The Reynolds number of the main flow defined by the mean velocity and two times the channel height was 20,000, and the blowing ratio was varied among 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0. The experimental results clearly showed spatial variation of the heat transfer coefficient and the film cooling effectiveness on the cutback and land top surfaces. The cutback surface results clearly showed periodically enhanced heat transfer due to the periodical surface geometry of ribs and dimples. Generally, the increase of the blowing ratio increased both the heat transfer coefficient and the film cooling effectiveness. Within the present experimental range, the dimple surface was a favorable cutback-surface geometry because it gave the enhanced heat transfer without deterioration of the high film cooling effectiveness.
Thermomechanical Behavior of High Performance Epoxy/Organoclay Nanocomposites

Nanocomposites of epoxy resin containing bentonite clay were fabricated to evaluate the thermomechanical behavior during heating. The epoxy resin system studied was prepared using bifunctional diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), crosslinking agent diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS), and diethylenetriamine (DETA). The purified bentonite organoclay (APOC) was used in all experiments. The formation of nanocomposite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Specimens of the fabricated nanocomposites were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). According to the DMA results a significant increase in glass transition temperature and storage modulus was evidenced when 1 phr of clay is added to epoxy resin.
Ultrafast hot carrier dynamics in InN epitaxial films

Ultrafast hot carrier dynamics in Indium nitride (InN) epitaxial films were investigated by femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe reflection measurements. Carrier density and carrier energy dependence of the hot carrier dynamics in InN were studied by varying the pump laser power and wavelength, respectively. Experimental results showed that the hot carrier relaxation can be fitted by a biexponential relaxation process. The fast relaxation rate increased with increasing carrier density (N), which was measured as N0.5. The fast relaxation rate also increased with increasing carrier energy (E), which was measured as E0.53. These observations revealed that electron-electron scattering plays an important role in the fast relaxation process. The slow relaxation process was found to be dominated by Auger scattering and the slow relaxation rate was independent of the carrier energy. The defect-related trapping time in InN was estimated to be ~515 ps.
Modeling of a von Kármán vortex street at low Reynolds numbers

Time signals of transient von Karman vortex streets are represented as trajectories in a two‐dimensional state space for Reynolds numbers between 53 and 148. From this representation, a two‐dimensional system of ordinary differential equations with ten coefficients is derived and used as a model for the description of the asymptotic dynamics. Most of these coefficients are only slightly dependent on the Reynolds number, and some of them also reflect the change in vortex shedding dynamics. With the obtained low‐dimensional model, the response of the vortex street to external sinusoidal and square wave signals is predicted. Furthermore, it is shown that an excessively large excitation of the vortex street by sound can lead to a more complicated higher‐dimensional dynamical state.
Pathologic Findings at Risk Reducing Surgery in BRCA and Non-BRCA Mutation Carriers: A Single-Center Experience

Risk-reducing surgery (RRS) is recommended in BRCA-mutated carriers because of their increased risk of developing ovarian cancer, while its role is still discussed for women harboring mutations in non-BRCA homologous repair genes. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the occurrence of pathological findings in a high-risk population undergoing RRS in San Matteo Hospital, Pavia between 2012 and 2022, and correlate their genetic and clinical outcomes, comparing them with a control group. The final cohort of 190 patients included 85 BRCA1, 63 BRCA2, 11 CHEK2, 7 PALB2, 4 ATM, 1 ERCC5, 1 RAD51C, 1 CDH1, 1 MEN1, 1 MLH1 gene mutation carriers and 15 patients with no known mutation but with strong familial risk. Occult invasive serous carcinoma (HGSC) and serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) were diagnosed in 12 (6.3%) women, all of them BRCA carriers. No neoplastic lesion was diagnosed in the non-BRCA group, in women with familial risk, or in the control group. Oral contraceptive use and age ≤45 at surgery were both found to be favorable factors. While p53 signature and serous tubal intraepithelial lesion (STIL) were also seen in the control group and in non-BRCA carriers, STIC and HGSC were only found in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
Physical violence in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study with women in puerperium attended in a public service of reference, São Paulo, Brazil

Introduction: Violence against women during pregnancy is recognized as a violation of human rights and reproductive rights, and a serious public health problem. Its prevalence is variable and has a multifactorial cause, requiring permanent monitoring. Method: Cross-sectional study conducted at the Hospital of Mandaqui, São Paulo, Brazil. The Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) was applied to 350 puerperium women, with the outcome of suffering or not physical violence during pregnancy, between September and December 2021. Sociodemographic and reproductive data were considered. We used urn technique, with data were pre-coded, and EpiInfo® analysis by Pearson chi-square and Mann Whitney, adopting p<0.05 and 95% CI value. Research approved by the Research Ethics Committee, CAAE no. 50580421.5. 0000.5551. Results: We found 13 cases of physical violence (3.7%) and sample loss of 18.9%. Women with physical violence during pregnancy showed lower mean age (27.7±8.24 x 37.3±6.28); less work (15.4% x 45.1%. p=0.034, OR/CI 0.98:0.98-20.70); less income (84.6% x 51.1%. p=0.017, OR/CI 0.18:0.04-0.86); higher occurrence of prematurity (30.8% x 9.5%. p=0.001, OR/CI 0.18: 0.05-0.59); and higher tobacco/alcohol use (38.5% x 10.4%. p=0.013, OR/CI 0.23:0.06-0.80). We found higher reports of violence before the age of 15 (53.8% x 18.7%. p<0.001, OR/CI 0.19: 0.06-0.60); physical violence in the last 12 months (84.6% x 1.8%. p<0.001); with a history of physical or emotional violence by the partner (76.9% x 29.4%. p<0.001, OR/CI 0.12:0.03-0.46); and fear of the intimate partner (46.2% x 2.4%. p<0.001, OR/CI 0.02:0.00-0.10). There was no difference for low schooling, race/color, union, pregnancy planning and high-risk pregnancy. Conclusion: The prevalence of physical violence during pregnancy was lower than in other studies in Brazil and other countries. The results suggest that gender violence is present throughout the life of women who suffer physical violence during pregnancy, reflecting in unfavorable reproductive outcomes. The high history of violence and fear of the partner may have contributed to eventual understatement.
The Analysis of Concept Mastering and Creative Thinking Skills of Prospective Physics Teachers Post-Online Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The current era of globalization and technology confronts humans with new challenges and increasingly complex problems. Mastery of concepts and creative thinking skills are two of several competencies that must be possessed by almost all professions at this time. This study aims to determine the extent of mastery of concepts and creative thinking skills of prospective physics teachers on dynamic electricity. This research is descriptive researcher. The population of this study was 60 prospective physics teachers who were studying at the University of Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The number of samples used was 28 students who were taken using a simple random sampling technique. The instrument consists of cognitive tests at levels C1-C3 in the form of multiple choice and tests of creative thinking skills in the form of real-world problems that are open-ended so that they can allow students to provide many solutions to the problems given. There are four aspects of creative thinking skills used in this study, namely; fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The research data showed that 85.71% of students were able to correctly answer C1 cognitive level questions (remembering), 67.86% of students were able to solve C2 cognitive level questions (understanding), and 60.71% of students were able to solve questions C3 cognitive level questions (applying). Furthermore, for creative thinking skills, the fluency aspect is in the Moderate category with a score of 1.86, and flexibility is in the Low category with a score of 1.14. For aspects of Originality and Elaboration, students are included in the non-creative category with a score of 0.18 and 0.56.
Studies of aurora dynamics by aurora-TV on the Akebono (EXOS-D) satellite

An aurora-TV camera for studies of aurora dynamics and global monitoring of magnetospheric activities with simultaneous in-situ experiments is installed on the satellite Akebono (EXOS-D). The camera is a two-channel, visible and VUV, snapshot imager with the maximum rating of one shot every 8 seconds. Initial results of VUV imaging are providing promising data for imposed missions.
Design of a Triple-Passband Microstrip Bandpass Filter with Compact Size

This paper presents the triplepassband microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) with compact size. Two sets of the coupled asymmetric stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) and uniform impedance resonators (UIRs) are arranged for generating the triple-passband properties. It is convenient to control the triple-passband properties by tuning the impedance ratio (K) and length ratio (γ) of the asymmetric SIRs. The UIRs are also employed to enhance the coupling between the coupled resonators at 3rd passband. The filter is designed at 2.4/5.2/8.2 GHz and achieves nearly 50% circuit size reduction compared with the previous works. This study provides a simple method to design a triple-passband filter with compact circuit size. Experimental verification is provided, and good agreement has been found between simulation and measurement.
The impact of Government and other Institutions ' support on the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in the Manufacturing Sector in Harare , Zimbabwe

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of government and other institutions' support on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector in Harare, Zimbabwe. The target population for this study was 609 SMEs of which a sample of 241 SME owners or managers participated in the study. Data analysis was done using the Chi-square test to test for association. The results indicated that government and other institutions are playing a positive role on the performance of SMEs despite the prevailing economic conditions. Based on the results it can be concluded that duty drawback system and skills training are the most important initiatives for the growth of SMEs in the manufacturing sector in Harare, Zimbabwe.
Mechanical Properties of Cork Composite Boards Reinforced with Metal,
 Glass Fiber, and Carbon Fiber

For effective applicability of reinforced cork, cork composites reinforced with metal, glass fiber, and carbon fiber were developed, and the effects of the reinforcing materials on the mechanical properties of cork composites were investigated. The bending moduli of elasticity (MOE) of cork composites were in the 32.7–35.9 MPa range, while the bending strength values were in the 1.62–1.73 MPa range. The strength performance decreased in the order cork-metal > cork-carbon fiber > cork-glass fiber. The bending MOEs were improved by 29%–41% compared with simple cork boards, while the bending strengths of reinforced cork were 35%–45% higher. The strength performance significantly improved following the incorporation of thin mesh materials into the middle layer of the studied cork composites. The bending strains of the cork composites were remarkably higher compared with oak wood, making them promising for applications that require bending processing, such as curved jointing. The internal bond strengths of the cork composites were 0.26–0.44 MPa, approximately 0.36–0.60 times lower compared with medium-density fiber boards.
Forest roads damage detection based on deep learning algorithms

ABSTRACT Currently, forest road monitoring reached a critical stage and need requires low-cost or cost-effective monitoring. Today, smartphones have been used on public roads to identify road deterioration due to benefits such as usability, cost, ease of access, and expected accuracy. The use of smartphones in forest road development by the proposed system is a distributed information system that converts data from enterprise mode to field mode by harvesting and assessing forest road conditions and image processing technologies. The technology proposed in this research allows different information YOLOv4-v5 with improvements to this version including mosaic data augmentation and automatic learning of enclosing frames. In this research, we applied a new hybrid YOLOv4-v5 to the dataset’s general applicability. We assessed the forest road dataset to run an experiment, smartphone images by various aspects of the smartphone images (SI) dataset which is specialized for detecting forest road deterioration. To enhance YOLO’s ability to detect damaged scenes by proposing a new technique that takes information into frames. We expanded the scope of the model by applying it to a new orientation estimation task. The main disadvantage is the provision of qualitative model information on forest road activity and the indication of potential deterioration.
Mesoscale Downdraft Influences on Vertical Vorticity in a Mature Mesoscale Convective System

Abstract The vorticity dynamics of a lower-tropospheric mesovortex within a mature mesoscale convective system (MCS) is investigated with observations from a special sounding network and with dual-Doppler radar measurements. The data show that the vorticity distribution and tendency were dictated by the mesoscale downdraft, which formed within the storm's trailing stratiform region, and not by the mesoscale updraft. At midlevels, preexisting vertical vorticity was amplified by convergence as environmental air overtook the storm from the rear and funneled into the evaporatively cooled mesoscale downdraft. Vertical vorticity within the stratiform region also increased by the twisting of horizontal vorticity associated with a backing wind. The horizontal vorticity vector pointed opposite the velocity vector and tipped into positive vertical vorticity when the Row encountered the mesoscale downdraft. At lower-middle storm levels the twisted vorticity was subsequently amplified by convergence along with preexi.
First mirrors for diagnostic systems of an experimental fusion reactor I. Simulation mirror tests under neutron and ion bombardment

Among the diagnostic systems planned for use in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor to control the reactor operation, a large number of these systems have to use the mirrors to input or output the electromagnetic radiation to or from the burning plasma in different parts of the spectrum. The mirrors placed inside the vacuum vessel will be subjected to the impact of several factors, resulting in degradation in their optical characteristics. The most critical factors are erosion under the bombardment with a flux of high-energy particles, deuterons and tritons, and the deposition of the products of erosion of the in-vessel components. The first part of this review presents the results of the simulation experiments studying the effect of sputtering and deposition of contaminants on the optical properties of mirrors fabricated from different materials. In the second part of the review, the results of mirror testing on the operating large-scale fusion devices are considered.
Chemical Characteristics of Banana-Blueberry Velva Product with Various Concentrations of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)

The aim of this research was to analyze the chemical characteristics of Velva products from the mixture of bananas and blueberries with the addition of CMC. This study used a two-factorial completely randomized design with the first factor being the proportion of bananas and blueberries (40:60, 50:50 and 60:40). The second factor was concentration of CMC (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5%). Chemical analysis in this research included total acid, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, crude fiber content, protein, and fat. The data were analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS version 26 with Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5 % probability level. The best results based on the best chemical characteristics were obtained in the treatment of banana and blueberry proportions of (40:60) and CMC concentration of (0.5%) which had characteristics 0.613% total acid, 7.627 mg/100g vitamin C, 42.893% antioxidant activity, 4.450% crude fiber, 3.657% protein and 0.127% fat.
The liquid-vapour phase transition in fluid mercury

Abstract The paper discusses recent experimental results in the liquid-vapour critical region of metals which show that the existence of the metal-non-metal transition noticeably influences the electronic, thermodynamic, structural and interfacial features of the fluid. The main emphasis is on surface-induced phenomena. Reflectivity experiments on mercury against an optically transparent sapphire window close to the vapour-liquid coexistence curve reveal clearly the existence of a prewetting transition of mercury on the sapphire substrate. The transition line, which terminates at high temperatures at a prewetting critical temperature T pwc lying below the bulk critical temperature T c and at low temperatures at the wetting transition temperature T w lies close to the bulk vapour-liquid coexistence curve.
Collisional Vaporization of Dust and Production of Gas in the β Pictoris Dust Disk

The need for replenishment of the stable gas observed in the β Pictoris system raises a question about the origin of the gas. Correlations between the gas and the dust distribution suggest that the source is related to the dust. Spectroscopic observations imply that the gas is rotating at Keplerian velocity: this includes also the species that, in absence of braking, would be accelerated away from the star by the radiation pressure. We examine the possibility that the gas originates from collisional vaporization of the dust in the disk and the consequences for the gas velocity distribution and the line profiles of spectral features generated by the gas. A simple model of dust distribution and a model of individual dust-dust collision are used to calculate the gas production rate in the disk. Comparing with the gas column densities derived from observations, the escape times of the atoms from the disk are estimated. For the dust distribution and collision model considered, the vaporization of dust leads to the gas production rates of the order between 0.5 × 1012 and 2 × 1013 g s-1 for the grains with the collisional properties close to those of silicate and ice, respectively. We point out the uncertainties in the collision models. We also found that, for the lines of sight bypassing the star, velocity distributions of gas particles released from orbiting bodies can show a peak at Keplerian velocity even in the absence of braking, despite large acceleration by radiation pressure.
The Novel, Clinical-Stage Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Activator BI 685509 Protects from Disease Progression in Models of Renal Injury and Disease

Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to restore cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and improve functionality of nitric oxide (NO) pathways impaired by oxidative stress is a potential treatment of diabetic and chronic kidney disease. We report the pharmacology of BI 685509, a novel, orally active small molecule sGC activator with disease-modifying potential. BI 685509 and human sGC α1/β1 heterodimer containing a reduced heme group produced concentration-dependent increases in cGMP that were elevated modestly by NO, whereas heme-free sGC and BI 685509 greatly enhanced cGMP with no effect of NO. BI 685509 increased cGMP in human and rat platelet-rich plasma treated with the heme-oxidant ODQ; respective EC50 values were 467 nM and 304 nM. In conscious telemetry-instrumented rats, BI 685509 did not affect mean arterial pressure (MAP) or heart rate (HR) at 3 and 10 mg/kg (p.o.), whereas 30 mg/kg decreased MAP and increased HR. Ten days of BI 685509 at supratherapeutic doses (60 or 100 mg/kg p.o., daily) attenuated MAP and HR responses to a single 100 mg/kg challenge. In the ZSF1 rat model, BI 685509 (1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg per day, daily) coadministered with enalapril (3 mg/kg per day) dose-dependently reduced proteinuria and incidence of glomerular sclerosis; MAP was modestly reduced at the higher doses versus enalapril. In the 7-day rat unilateral ureteral obstruction model, BI 685509 dose-dependently reduced tubulointerstitial fibrosis (P < 0.05 at 30 mg/kg). In conclusion, BI 685509 is a potent, orally bioavailable sGC activator with clear renal protection and antifibrotic activity in preclinical models of kidney injury and disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT BI 685509 is a novel small soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) molecule activator that exhibits an in vitro profile consistent with that of an sGC activator. BI 685509 reduced proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in the ZSF1 rat, a model of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and reduced tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a rat 7-day unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Thus, BI 685509 is a promising new therapeutic agent and is currently in phase II clinical trials for chronic kidney disease and DKD.
Electrode erosion and lifetime performance of a high repetition rate, triggered, corona-stabilized switch in air

This paper describes the work undertaken to investigate the electrode erosion mechanisms and lifetime-limiting parameters of a sealed, high pulse repetition frequency (PRF), triggered, corona-stabilized (TCS) switch. The switch, which had a rod-plane geometry, was filled with air and operated at repetition rates of 10 Hz and 1 kHz. The erosion rates of anode-cathode electrode materials such as brass, stainless-steel, aluminium and elkonite were measured, and their surface conditions were studied optically and photographed. The experimental results presented reflect the different mechanisms responsible for the erosion of the rod (anode) electrode of the TCS switch, when operated at a PRF of 10 Hz and 1 kHz. The erosion of the anode electrode at a PRF of 10 Hz varied from 5.44 × 10-6 cm3 C-1 for elkonite to 17.37 × 10-6 cm3 C-1 for aluminium. Additionally, at a PRF of 1 kHz, anode erosion ranged from 9.82 × 10-6 cm3 C-1 for brass to 16.58 × 10-6 cm3 C-1 for elkonite. Cathode erosion rates as high as 36.6 × 10-6 cm3 C-1 for brass at 10 Hz and 19.55 × 10-6 cm3 C-1 for elkonite at 1 kHz were measured. The lifetime of the TCS switch was found to be inversely proportional to the erosion rate of the rod electrode. Additionally, gas deterioration and anode surface conditions were found to have a pronounced influence on the performance and operational behaviour of the TCS switch.