Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trans Fat Knowledge Is Related to Education Level and Nutrition Facts Label Use in Health‐conscious Adults

The objective of this study was to assess trans fat knowledge in a group of health-conscious adults to make recommendations regarding nutrition education needs, so that the Food and Drug Administration's trans fat labeling rule can have the greatest benefit possible. A survey based on existing nutrition knowledge assessment tools was developed for the study and approved by the Simmons College Institutional Review Board. The survey included questions regarding demographics, trans and saturated fat knowledge, and nutrition behaviors and attitudes. The participants were men and women, aged 18 to 65, visiting a Boston fitness center. The subjects were mostly white, non-Hispanic, and of high socioeconomic status. A total of 320 subject's surveys were used for data analysis. SPSS for Windows (Version 10.1, 2000) was used to analyze the data. Analysis of variance was used to identify differences in nutrition knowledge between groups. Trans fat knowledge scores were significantly related to education level (P < .05); participants with bachelor's or higher degrees had higher trans fat scores than those without degrees. Participants who use the Nutrition Facts label also had significantly higher trans (P < .02) and saturated fat (P < .01) scores than those who do not. The results of this study suggest that even educated health-conscious adults do not know what they need to about trans fat in making an informed food choice. Since more education is associated with higher trans fat knowledge scores and nutrition label use, trans fat education will likely encourage the use of the revised Nutrition Facts label and therefore lead to healthier food choices.
Carotid plaques and neurological impairment in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Objective To determine whether the coexistence of carotid atherosclerosis plaque affects the neurological function of cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 1078 patients with acute cerebral infarction were enrolled, all patients were divided into carotid plaque group (n = 702) and non-carotid plaque group (n = 376). Meanwhile, all patients were divided into mild group (n = 624) and moderate to severe group (n = 454). The difference of the incidence of carotid plaque between the mild and moderate to severe group was analyzed. Results In the 1078 patients with cerebral infarction, the NIHSS score in the carotid plaque group was significantly higher than that in the non-carotid plaque group (P<0.05). The number of mild cases without carotid artery plaque group was larger than that of plaque group (P<0.05), and the number of moderate to severe cases in carotid plaque group was larger than that in non-plaque group (P<0.05). In patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque, the risk of moderate to severe cerebral infarction was 2.11 times higher than that without carotid artery plaque. Lastly, patients with single plaques were 1.82 times more likely to develop moderate to severe cerebral infarction than those without carotid plaque, while patients with multiple carotid plaques were 2.41 times higher to get moderate or severe cerebral infarction than those without carotid plaque. Conclusions The incidence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques may be related to neurological deficits in patients with acute cerebral infarction.
T-cell/Histiocyte–Rich Large B-cell Lymphoma: A Clinicopathologic Distinct Subtype of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma

Abstract T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) is a morphologic subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and is characterized by the predominance of nonneoplastic T cells and histiocytes admixed with a small number of large neoplastic B cells. It is a biologically distinct disease characterized by male preponderance, advanced-stage disease at initial presentation, and high incidence of extranodal dissemination. T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma can potentially be misdiagnosed owing to its morphologic and/or immunophenotypic resemblance to other lymphomas, particularly nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Immunohistochemical evaluation for both the neoplastic and reactive components is essential for a correct diagnosis of this entity. We present 2 THRLBCL cases from our pathology archives and discuss the morphologic, immunophenotypic, molecular and biologic features of THRLBCL, with particular attention to its differential diagnoses.
Lactobacillus species in drinking water had no main effects on sulphur compounds from manure, egg quality, and selected serum parameters of second cycle hens

ABSTRACT 1. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a combined probiotic product (Lactobacillus paracasei, L. plantarum, and L. rhamnosus) on egg quality, sulphur compounds in manure and serum biochemistry of second cycle hens. 2. A total of 48 White Leghorn hens, at 52- to 54 weeks of age, were treated in a completely randomised design with water containing 0 or 1.8375 × 1010 cfu/l of probiotics for 8 weeks. 3. Probiotic supplementation did not affect egg quality. Albumen height and Haugh units were in general lowest in week 2 and highest in week 6. 4. For manure and serum parameters, water with or without probiotics produced statistically similar effects. An interacting trend for increasing concentrations of methyl mercaptan in manure was noted for probiotics x week, and should be further investigated. The week of supplementation significantly affected hydrogen sulphide, dimethyl sulphide, and triglycerides.
Gut dysbiosis induces the development of pre-eclampsia through bacterial translocation

Objective Pre-eclampsia (PE) is one of the malignant metabolic diseases that complicate pregnancy. Gut dysbiosis has been identified for causing metabolic diseases, but the role of gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of PE remains unknown. Design We performed a case–control study to compare the faecal microbiome of PE and normotensive pregnant women by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. To address the causative relationship between gut dysbiosis and PE, we used faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in an antibiotic-treated mouse model. Finally, we determined the microbiome translocation and immune responses in human and mouse placental samples by 16S rRNA sequencing, quantitative PCR and in situ hybridisation. Results Patients with PE showed reduced bacterial diversity with obvious dysbiosis. Opportunistic pathogens, particularly Fusobacterium and Veillonella, were enriched, whereas beneficial bacteria, including Faecalibacterium and Akkermansia, were markedly depleted in the PE group. The abundances of these discriminative bacteria were correlated with blood pressure (BP), proteinuria, aminotransferase and creatinine levels. On successful colonisation, the gut microbiome from patients with PE triggered a dramatic, increased pregestational BP of recipient mice, which further increased after gestation. In addition, the PE-transplanted group showed increased proteinuria, embryonic resorption and lower fetal and placental weights. Their T regulatory/helper-17 balance in the small intestine and spleen was disturbed with more severe intestinal leakage. In the placenta of both patients with PE and PE-FMT mice, the total bacteria, Fusobacterium, and inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased. Conclusions This study suggests that the gut microbiome of patients with PE is dysbiotic and contributes to disease pathogenesis.
Enrichment designs using placebo nonresponders

Enrichment designs that select placebo nonresponders have gained much attention during the last years in areas with high placebo response rates, eg, in depression. Proposals were made that re‐randomize patients who did not respond to placebo during a first study phase as the sequential parallel design (SPD). This design uses in a second phase an enriched patient population where the treatment effect is expected to be more pronounced. This may be problematic if an effect in the overall population is claimed. Proposals were made to combine the treatment effects in the overall population from study phase 1 and the enriched population from study phase 2, alleviating but not solving the issue of a potential selection bias. This paper shows how this bias corresponding to the effect difference between the overall population and the enriched population depends on the variability of a potential subject‐by‐treatment interaction. Sample sizes are given, which lead to a significant result in the combining test with a given probability if actually the average effect in the overall population is zero. If, on the other hand, no subject‐by‐treatment interaction is given, the enrichment is shown to be inefficient. We conclude that enrichment designs using placebo nonresponders are not able to claim a positive average effect in the overall population if a subject‐by‐treatment interaction cannot be excluded. It cannot be used to demonstrate positive efficacy in the overall population in a pivotal phase III trial but may be used in early phases to demonstrate varying treatment effects between patients.
Computed tomography Hounsfield unit-based prediction of pedicle screw loosening after surgery for degenerative lumbar spine disease.

OBJECTIVE The authors investigated the relation between Hounsfield unit (HU) values measured on CT and the risk of pedicle screw loosening in patients who underwent lumbar pedicle screw fixation for degenerative lumbar spine disease. METHODS Patients who were treated with lumbar pedicle screw fixation between July 2011 and December 2015 at the authors' department were reviewed. Age, sex, BMI, smoking and diabetes histories, range of fixation, and fusion method were recorded as the basic patient information. The HU values for lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) for the L1, L2, L3, and L4 vertebra were measured on CT scans. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent influencing factors of pedicle screw loosening. RESULTS A total of 503 patients were included in the final analysis. The pedicle screw loosening rate at the 12-month follow-up was 30.0% (151 of 503 patients). There were no significant differences in sex, BMI, or histories of smoking and diabetes between the patients with (loosening group) and those without (nonloosening group) screw loosening (p > 0.05). The mean HU value of L1-4 was lower in the loosening group than the nonloosening group (106.3 ± 33.9 vs 132.6 ± 42.9, p < 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, being male (OR 2.065; 95% CI 1.242-3.433), HU value (OR 0.977; 95% CI 0.970-0.985), length of fixation (OR 3.616; 95% CI 2.617-4.996), and fixation to S1 (OR 1.699; 95% CI 1.039-2.777) were the independent influencing factors for screw loosening. CONCLUSIONS HU value measured on CT was an independent predictor for pedicle screw loosening, and lower HU value was significantly correlated with higher risk of screw loosening.
AnvirzelTMregulates cell death through inhibiting GSK-3 activity in human U87 glioma cells

ABSTRACT Objectives: Cardiac glycosides are used as potential anti-cancer agents due to their effects on the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis and/or autophagy in cancer cells. Herein, we aimed to study the potential signaling pathways taken role in differential cell-death properties of AnvirzelTM which is consisted of two toxic cardiac glycosides (oleandrin and oleandrigenin), in U87 human glioblastoma cells. Methods: The anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of AnvirzelTM were assessed in U87 cells by WST-1 assay and wound healing assay, respectively. After treatment of AnvirzelTMwith doses of 10, 25, 50, 100 and 250 μg/ml, expression levels of proteins related to cell death were investigated by Western blot. Results: Anvirzel™ markedly inhibited the growth of U87 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner following 24 h and 48 h treatments (p < 0.05). In addition, it was found that Anvirzel™ inhibited GSK-3, NOS and HIF1-α expressions whereas activated ERK in U87 cells compared to vehicle (p < 0.05). Discussion: The results suggested that AnvirzelTM regulated cell death distinctly from apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells. Further studies are required for validation of mechanistic insights about the potential signaling pathways taken role in differential cell death properties of AnvirzelTM.
Catalyst-free growth of dense γ-In2Se3 nanosheet arrays and their application in photoelectric detectors

In this work, a dense γ-In2Se3 nanosheet array has been fabricated using the chemical vapor deposition method under atmospheric pressure. Compared with crystal silicon, the photodetector based on the γ-In2Se3/p-Si heterojunction exhibits a high responsivity (96.7 mA W−1) at the near-infrared region, a presentable current on/off ratio (∼1000) and excellent detectivity (2.03 × 1012 jones). Simultaneously, the obtained photodetector demonstrated a fast response speed (0.15 ms/0.5 ms) and a broadband sensitive wavelength from ultraviolet (340 nm) to near-infrared (1020 nm). The photoelectric experimental data of the device shows that its high performance is attributed to the high–light absorption capacity of the material, the rational energy band structures of γ-In2Se3 and p-Si, and the effective separation of photo-generated carriers caused by the formed type-II heterojunction. Our work provides the primary experimental basis for the photodetection application of the γ-In2Se3 nanostructure.
Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Monoclonal LGI1 Autoantibodies Increase Neuronal Excitability

Leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis is the second most common antibody‐mediated encephalopathy, but insight into the intrathecal B‐cell autoimmune response, including clonal relationships, isotype distribution, frequency, and pathogenic effects of single LGI1 antibodies, has remained limited.
Adventurous cuisine in Laos: Hebeloma parvisporum, a new species in Hebeloma section Porphyrospora

ABSTRACT Hebeloma parvisporum is described as new and placed within H. sect. Porphyrospora. This mushroom is sold as an edible in markets of Laos under the local name “wai khom. ” Hebeloma sect. Porphyrospora is discussed and expanded to include the species formerly included in the genus Anamika and recently transferred to Hebeloma. Hebeloma sect. Porphyrospora currently comprises 16 species, 14 of which are known only from the western Pacific and Indian subcontinent. All species in this section share the character of having red-brown spores when fresh, atypical for other sections of Hebeloma, which causes the lamellae to be red-brown. However, this red-brown color fades when the material is dried. The close links, morphologically and molecularly, between H. parvisporum and other members of H. sect. Porphyrospora, particularly H. victoriense, are shown.
The toxicity of non-aged and aged coated silver nanoparticles to the freshwater shrimp Paratya australiensis

ABSTRACT Nanoparticles (NPs) transform in the environment which result in alterations to their physicochemical properties. However, the effects of aging on the toxicity of NPs to aquatic organisms remain to be determined. Further the reports that have been published present contradictory results. The aim of this study was to examine the stability of differently coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in media and the influence of aging of these NP on potential toxicity to freshwater shrimp Paratya australiensis. Coating-dependent changes in the stability of AgNP were observed with aging. Curcumin (C) coated AgNPs were stable, while tyrosine (T) coated AgNPs and epigallocatechin gallate (E) coated AgNPs aggregated in the P. australiensis medium. Increased lipid peroxidation and catalase activity was noted in P. australiensis exposed to AgNPs, suggesting oxidative stress was associated with NP exposure. The enhanced oxidative stress initiated by aged C-AgNPs suggests that aging of these NPs produced different toxicological responses. In summary, data suggest that coating-dependent alterations in NPs, together with aging affect both persistence and subsequent toxicity of NPs to freshwater organisms. Thus, the coating-dependent fate and toxicity of AgNPs together with the effect of their aging need to be considered in assessing the environmental risk of AgNPs to aquatic organisms.
A comparison of two methods to assess apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients in dogs

ABSTRACT The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients can be assessed by total collection of faeces (TC), which is the reference method, or by the indicator method (IM). Little information is available on proper faecal sampling methodologies for IM in canines to obtain results comparable to TC. The objective of this study was to determine the minimum number of sub-samples required for the IM to make it comparable with TC. A total of 11 adult male dogs were individually housed in metabolism cages. Dogs had access to a grass yard to facilitate defaecation. Faecal sub-samples (1/day) were taken from the daily faecal output to prepare the pooled samples for IM, obtaining cumulative sample combinations of 3 (IM3), 4 (IM4), 5 (IM5), 6 (IM6) and 7 d (IM7). Digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein and crude fibre was similar between TC and IM5, IM6 and IM7 (p > 0.05). The IM7 presented the greatest statistical similarity with TC. Nevertheless, IM was not a good predictor of crude fibre digestibility. In conclusion, IM can replace the TC method in dogs to evaluate ATTD of several nutritional fractions as long as the composite sample is collected during seven consecutive days. For estimation of fibre digestibility by IM, longer collection periods are probably required.
Altered adrenergic response in myocytes bordering a chronic myocardial infarction underlies in vivo triggered activity and repolarization instability

Ventricular arrhythmias are a major complication after myocardial infarction (MI), associated with sympathetic activation. The structurally heterogeneous peri‐infarct zone is a known substrate, but the functional role of the myocytes is less well known. Recordings of monophasic action potentials in vivo reveal that the peri‐infarct zone is a source of delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) and has a high beat‐to‐beat variability of repolarization (BVR) during adrenergic stimulation (isoproterenol, ISO). Myocytes isolated from the peri‐infarct region have more DADs and spontaneous action potentials, with spontaneous Ca2+ release, under ISO. These myocytes also have reduced repolarization reserve and increased BVR. Other properties of post‐MI remodelling are present in both peri‐infarct and remote myocytes. These data highlight the importance of altered myocyte adrenergic responses in the peri‐infarct region as source and substrate of post‐MI arrhythmias.
Correlative Analyses of the SARC028 Trial Reveal an Association Between Sarcoma-Associated Immune Infiltrate and Response to Pembrolizumab

Purpose: We recently reported a 17.5% objective RECIST 1.1 response rate in a phase II study of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced sarcoma (SARC028). The majority of responses occurred in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS). We sought to determine whether we can identify immune features that correlate with clinical outcomes from tumor tissues obtained pre- and on-treatment. Patients and Methods: Pretreatment (n = 78) and 8-week on-treatment (n = 68) tumor biopsies were stained for PD-L1 and multiplex immunofluorescence panels. The density of positive cells was quantified to determine associations with anti–PD-1 response. Results: Patients that responded to pembrolizumab were more likely to have higher densities of activated T cells (CD8+ CD3+ PD-1+) and increased percentage of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) expressing PD-L1 pre-treatment compared with non-responders. Pre-treatment tumors from responders also exhibited higher densities of effector memory cytotoxic T cells and regulatory T cells compared with non-responders. In addition, higher density of cytotoxic tumor-infiltrating T cells at baseline correlated with a better progression-free survival (PFS). Conclusions: We show that quantitative assessments of CD8+ CD3+ PD-1+ T cells, percentage of TAMs expressing PD-L1, and other T-cell densities correlate with sarcoma response to pembrolizumab and improved PFS. Our findings support that multiple cell types present at the start of treatment may enhance tumor regression following anti–PD-1 therapy in specific advanced sarcomas. Efforts to confirm the activity of pembrolizumab in an expansion cohort of patients with UPS/DDLPS are underway.
Knockdown of lncRNA SNHG1 alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell death by serving as a ceRNA for miR-424 in SH-SY5Y cells

ABSTRACT Objective: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are theorized to serve a critical role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The purpose of this study was to determine whether knockdown of lncRNA SNHG1 protected against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced cell death in vitro and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The expression levels of SNHG1 and miR-424 were detected by RT-qPCR analysis. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by western blot analysis. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Bioinformatic prediction and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to study the interaction between SNHG1 and miR-424. Results: The results showed that SNHG1 expression level was increased in OGD/R-treated SH-SY5Y cells, and knockdown of SNHG1 alleviates OGD/R-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, we found that SNHG1 might serve as a ceRNA for miR-424 in SH-SY5Y cells, and rescue experiments further confirmed that miR-424 inhibitor blocked the beneficial role of SNHG1 knockdown in OGD/R-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusion: Taken together, this research supported the first evidence that lncRNA SNHG1 regulates OGD/R-induced cell death through serving as a ceRNA for miR-424 in SH-SY5Y cells.
Immobilization of invertase in calcium alginate and calcium alginate-kappa-carrageenan beads and its application in bioethanol production

Abstract Invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was entrapped in Ca-alginate and Ca-alginate-kappa-carrageenan matrix. Optimum pH for the free and immobilized invertase was found to be 4.5 and 5.5, respectively. The optimum hydrolysis temperature was 55 °C for both the free and immobilized forms. Km values for free invertase and invertase entrapped in Ca-alginate and Ca-alginate-kappa-carrageenan beads were 15, 21, and 19 mM, respectively. Values of Vmax for free invertase and invertase entrapped in Ca-alginate and Ca-alginate-kappa-carrageenan beads were 238, 186, and 197 mM min−1, respectively. Invertase entrapped in Ca-alginate-kappa-carrageenan matrix had the highest pH and thermal stability, higher reusability with 71% retention in activity after nine batches of reuse and higher storage stability with 86% activity retention after 12 weeks at 4 °C, pH 4.5. Fermentation of cane molasses by yeast for bioethanol formation in the presence of free invertase at 30 °C, pH 5.0, led to an increase in ethanol production by 3%. However, the production increased by 9% when invertase entrapped in Ca-alginate-kappa-carrageenan was used as a catalyst. Highlights Invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was entrapped in Ca-alginate beads. For efficient encapsulation of invertase, kappa-carrageenan was used in combination with alginate as a matrix. Entrapment in Ca-alginate-kappa-carrageenan increased pH and thermal stability of invertase. Invertase entrapped in Ca-alginate-kappa-carrageenan was used for bioethanol production from cane molasses.