Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Improvement of Cotton Varieties in the Yangtse Valley in China since 1950s I.Improvement on Yield and Yield Components

This paper is one of a series of reports on the genetic improvement of cotton varieties in the Yangtse valley in China since 1950s, the purpose of which is to study the genetic improvements on yield and yield components (bolls per plant, boll size and lint percentage). Experimental data of 11 representative varieties at 7 locations in two years and historical data of regional cotton trials in the Yangtse valley in the last 30 years were analyzed. The results indicated that the effect of genetic improvement of cotton varieties in the Yangtse valley was significant, the average increase of the lint yield in the last 50 years is 6.50 kg/hm 2 per year; the narrow-sense contributive ratio of genetic improvement is 36.9%( 4.2%~52.1%); the broad-sense contributive ratio of genetic improvement is 62.0%. 45.0% and 20.4% of the increase of the current varieties were due to genotype and genotype-environmental interaction respectively. Compared to old varieties, lint yield of the current varieties increased by 24.3%, number of bolls by 3.49 per plant, lint percentage by 2.80% and boll size changed non-significantly. The yield increase of the current varieties was mainly caused by the improvements of number of bolls per plant and lint percentage. The relative effects number of bolls per plant and boll size and lint percentage on lint yield varied at different stages, which reflected the change of breeding strategy and selection emphasis. Selection for big bolls and high lint percentage would be a valid strategy for cotton lint yield breeding in the Yangtse valley .
Cystoisosporiasis in Apparently Healthy subjects and HIV/AIDS patients in Minna, Niger State

A random sampling and cross sectional study was carried out in General Hospital, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria using parasitological techniques to screen faecal samples for Cystoisospora belli. Blood samples of participants were also screened to determine the CD4 counts of infected subjects while Body Mass Index of subjects was determined to describe their nutritional status. A total of 783 individuals consisting of 317 apparently healthy subjects and 466 HIV/AIDs patients were screened for cystoisosporiasis. Out of the 783 subjects screened, 81 (10.34%) were positive for Cystoisospora belli. The infection was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in HIV/AIDs patients (12.45%) than in apparently healthy subjects (2.84%). The infection was more prevalent (6.69%) in males than in females (6.40%), (P < 0.05). The rate of infection in relation to age group was highest in subjects who were ≤10 years old (11.90%) and least in subjects who were 11 to 20 years old (4.24%). A significant difference in infection rate (P< 0.05) was found between the categories of subjects screened and age groups. The infection rate was highest (22.64%) in subjects who were nutritionally deficient and least (13.12%) in subjects with normal body mass index. Subjects with CD4 cell counts < 200 cells/µl had the highest infection rate (38.24%) while those with CD4 cell counts ≥ 500 cells/µl had the least infection rate (2.78%). Chi – square analysis showed significant difference (P < 0.05) in infection rates between the categories of subjects screened and CD4 counts.
Influence of red and blue light-emitting diodes(LEDs) lighting with different wave peaks on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of cucumber seedling

In this experiment,cucumber seedling were raised under two types of light emitting diode(LED). LEDA lighting was composed of red with peak at 660 nm(R) and blue with peak at 450 nm(B),and LEDB lighting was composed of red with peak at 630 nm(R) and blue with peak at 460 nm(B). Treatments with R/B ratios of 5,7,9 and 20 were carried out with LEDA and LEDB respectively.Results showed that the growth and development of cucumber seedling could be controlled by adjusting R/B ratio.The trend of fresh weight,dry weight,leaf area,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were the same,which firstly increased then decreased with the increase of R/B ratio.There was no significant difference in overall performance of seedlings under LEDAs and LEDBs,however,the suitable R/B ratio varied.Under LEDAs,morphological and physiological indexes with R/B of 7 performed the best in four treatments,while under LEDBs,R/B of 9 were the best.Moreover,the conversion rate of electric energies of red light and blue light in LEDBs,compared with LEDAs,were improved by 317.9% and 38.5% respectively.The energy efficiency of LEDBs,compared with LEDAs and fluorescent lamp,was improved by 55% and 13% respectively.In conclusion,LEDB lighting was more favorable for cucumber seedling.
Ecological studies on the food web structures and trophic relationships of multiple species coexistence in paddy fields using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes

The structure and trophic relationship of food webs are fundamental research topics in modern ecology.Food webs are important for the understanding of patterns and processes of an ecosystem.Inventory of the stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in organisms has been increasingly used as a powerful approach to study the structure and dynamics of food webs and trophic relationships in the studies in a wide variety of ecosystems.Carbon isotope ratios(δ13C) are used to trace food sources of consumers,while nitrogen isotope ratios(δ15N) are mainly used to quantify trophic levels of organisms.By using stable isotopes analysis,the food web structures and trophic relationships of multiple species coexisted in different farming systems:(1) rice-fish culture(R-F);(2) rice-fish-duck culture(R-F-D)were examined in this paper.The results showed that a weak positive relativity existed between the δ13C and δ15N values and the body length and weight of fishes.Compared with the δ13C and δ15N values in Anas platyrhynchos domestic wing muscles,the ones in leg muscles were not different,while the ones in livers were significantly different.The δ13C values of sedimentary organic matter(SOM)showed no difference between R-F and R-F-D.The δ13C values of particulate organic matter(POM) in R-F((-27.4±0.8) ‰) lower than that in R-F-D((-26.7±0.5) ‰). The δ13C values of macrophytes in R-F ranged from-31.9‰―-26.1‰,and were not significantly different from that in R-F-D(-31.3‰―-28.5‰). The δ13C was significantly higher in the submersed macrophytes than that in other macrophytes,while the δ15N was significantly higher in the emergent macrophytes than that in other macrophytes.The similar δ13C values in Spirogyra spp.and fish indicated that phytoplankton was the major food source for the fish.The similar δ13C values in Anodonta spp,Macrobrachium spp.zooplankton,SOM and POM indicated that POM and demersal algae were the major food source for the most zooplankton and zoobenthos.The δ15N values indicated that Anas platyrhynchos domestic was at the highest trophic level.The δ15N values in fish under R-F were similar to that in fish under R-F-D.This indicated adding ducks had little effects on the major food source for fish.The δ15N values of POM in R-F,(-4.4±1.1)‰ were significantly lower than that in R-F-D(-3.5±0.6)‰. The δ15N values of macrophytes in R-F ranged from 0.8‰―5.6‰ and were not significantly different from that in R-F-D(0.5―5.2)‰. According to the calculation of δ15N values,the relative trophic levels of both zooplankton and fish in R-F,were higher than that in R-F-D.Compared with R-F,the relative trophic levels of fish in R-F-D decreased.
Polymorphism of BCDO2 Gene for the Yellow Shank Color in Chicken

The BCDO2 gene polymorphism of eight chicken lines including the CAU-C recessive white,white Leghorn,Beijing you,three-yellow chicken,Silkie,Shouguang,Juhua and Chahua were detected on the A/G mutation.The results showed that CAU-C recessive white line,white Leghorn,Beijing you are fixed with G allele and Chahua had been fixed with a allele.While BCDO2 gene heterozygosity in the Silkie,Shouguang and Jvhua chicken is 0.5,0.4,0.13 respectively.The other breeds were polymorphism on this locus,indicating that these breeds were not under selection pressure of yellow skin color.The expression of BCDO2 gene on body skin of three-yellow and CAU-C recessive white was detected by real-time PCR.The results showed that the expression of BCDO2 gene in three-yellow chicken is higher than that in CAU-C recessive white but the difference did not reach significant level(P0.05),this result implies an effect of BCDO2 gene on body skin color,but experimental repeats were still required to confirm.Meanwhile,the asymmetric distribution of carotenoids in the chicken trunk skin and shank skin is mainly determined by the skin characteristics of different tissue and the chemical properties of carotenoids.
How to measure math anxiety in young children? Psychometric properties of the modified Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale for Elementary Children (mAMAS-E)

Starting in the early years of education, math anxiety is negatively related to mathematic outcomes, therefore there is a need for its adequate measurement in young children. This study presents the psychometric properties of the modified Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale for Elementary Children (mAMAS-E) for firstto third-grade children based on mAMAS. The validity of mAMAS-E was determined by a series of tests. The analysis confirmed its two-factor structure (Testing and Learning), positive relationships between mAMAS-E and math, general, and test anxiety, and a negative relationship with mathematical achievement. Children with a high level of math self-esteem and math self-confidence (but not Polish language self-esteem and self-confidence) have lower math anxiety in comparison to those with a moderate level. The results also indicate that girls have a higher level of math anxiety than boys. The validity and internal consistency of mAMAS-E are satisfactory; therefore, mAMAS-E may be a recommendable questionnaire for measuring math anxiety in young children.
Identification of genome targets of the DET1 complex in higher plants

Light provides a major source of information from the environment during plant growth and development. Light-regulated gene expression is partly controlled by the phytochrome photoreceptors, which once activated, are imported into the nucleus where they bind and activate transcription factors such as PIF3. Coupled with this, the degradation of positively acting intermediates such as the transcription factor HY5 by COP1 and other ubiquitin ligases acts to repress photomorphogenesis in darkness. Another negative regulator of photomorphogenesis is DET1 (De-Etiolated 1), which forms part of a nuclear-localised complex with the plant homolog of UV- Damaged DNA Binding protein 1 (DDB1) and the E2 ubiquitin-ligase activating protein COP10 (Constitutive Photomorphogenic 10). Previously it was found that DET 1 binds chromatin via a direct interaction with the core histone H2B, suggesting that DET1 may repress light activated genes by interacting directly with their promoters. Here it is shown that DET1 forms part of a CUL4-based ubiquitin ligase complex and is localised to discrete foci throughout the nucleus. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation experiments show that in the dark DET 1 binds to the promoters of the light induced CAB2 and HEMA1 genes, and that this binding is abolished in the light, coincidental with the activation of these genes. DET 1 was also detected at the promoter of the light-repressed POR-A gene when it is in its repressed state as well as the promoter of the developmental^ regulated FT gene, again when this gene is repressed. Based on these data it is proposed that the DET1 complex binds the promoters of light- regulated genes in the dark and directly represses their transcription, either by chromatin remodelling and/or ubiquitin-mediated regulation of the transcriptional apparatus. Light causes the dissociation of the DET 1 complex from these promoters, allowing activation of these genes. DET1 may also play a more general role in genome maintenance during plant development.
Effect of Xiao Yao San on synaptic structural plasticity of hippocampal CA3 region of rats under multi-stress model

目的 观察逍遥散对多相性应激大鼠海马CA3区神经元结构的影响,探究逍遥散抗应激损伤大鼠海马神经突触结构可塑性的机制. 方法Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组、病理对照1组、病理对照2组、治疗1组、治疗2组,每组10只. 采用慢性多相性应激模型,透射电镜观测比较各组大鼠CA3区神经突触超微结构变化. 结果病理对照1组及病理对照2组大鼠海马神经元突触的数密度[(3.066±2.032),(3.785±2.162)]与面密度[(0.100±0.056),(0.129±0.064)]较空白对照组[(5.707±2.268),(0.234±0.102)]均有明显降低(P＜0.01),突触连接带的平均面积则无明显变化(P＞0.05),而治疗1组与治疗2组大鼠海马神经元突触的数密度与空白对照组相比无明显差异(P＞0.05);面密度则均有明显减小(P＜0.01). 与病理对照1组相比,治疗1组大鼠海马神经元突触的数密度与面密度均明显增大(P＜0.01);治疗2组大鼠海马神经元突触的数密度明显增大(P＜0.01),面密度也有所增大(P＜0.05). 结论多相性应激可以损伤大鼠的神经突触结构,影响突触间的相互连接. 而逍遥散则可能是通过减少应激对原有的突触及突触连接的损伤,以及促进新的突触与突触连接的形成。
Physiological Effects of Chenghuabao and Girdling on Apple Trees

Chenghuabao, a mixture of 83. 3% paclobutrazol and 16. 7% organic and inorganic nutrients, was soil-applied (2 g/m2 canopy) or foliage-sprayed (15 kg solution/tree, 1000ppm)to apple trees. As a result, the length, diameter, internode length and leaf area of the shoots evidently decreased while the chlorophil content and photosynthetic rate in leaves,number of flower buds and fruit yield increased. When the application of Chenghuabao was combined with girdling of the apple trees, the contents of proteins, sugars, starch and ABA in leaves increased while the GA3 content and the ratios GA3/ABA and GA3/CTK reduced.To the young trees of the apple cultivars Fuji and Starking that are over growing and hard to set fruit, the application of Chenghuabao and girdlihg may be useful to promote earlier flowering and fruiting.
Infection dynamics of Babesia microtiin mice in different immune status

To observe the infection dynamics of Babesia microti in the mice of different immune status,BALB/c mice,BALB/c mice of immune suppression,SCID mice,and NOD-SCID mice were divided into 4 groups(5 in each). Dexamethasone,one kind of immunosuppressant,was intraperitoneally injected into BALB/c mice for five consecutive times(0.5mg/dose/day) to form BALB/c mice of immune suppression.Of 100 μL BALB/c mice blood(20% RBC infection rate) with Babesia microti was intraperitoneally injected into four of BALB/c mice,BALB/c mice of immune suppression,SCID mice and NOD-SCID mice,respectively,and left one normal control in each group.Tail blood was used to prepare thin blood films and giemsa staining to observe the infection changes.On the third days after infection,Babesia microti were firstly found in RBC of BALB/c mice.The highest infection rate(82.4%) of Babesia microti in BALB/c mice appeared on the seventh day after infection,and the infection rate were higher than 20% for 7 days;on the fifth day after infection,the infection rate of BALB/c mice of immune suppression was up to a peak of 73.18%,and the infection rate were higher than 20% for 14 days;after that,the rate of the Babesia microti in these two kind of mice blood was in a very low state(0%-2%). The peak of infection rates of Babesia microti in NOD-SCID mice group were appeared on the seventh day after infection(72.5%),the 16th day(67.4%) and the 24th day(58.9%),and the rate of Babesia microti in NOD-SCID mice blood was high.The average rate was 41.9% and could not heal by itself.The highest infection rate of Babesia microti in SCID mice was first appeared on the 8th day after infection,and the rate was 86.4%. The second rate peak was appeared on the 18th day,and the rate was 62.23%. The rate of Babesia microti in SCID mice blood was high,and the average rate was 38.2%. From the thin blood films,many form of Babesia microti were observed,such as small point-like body,the Maltese cross,a small circular ring,circular ring,long threadlike body and parasites free outside of red blood cells.In normal and short-term suppression BALB/c mice,insect density of Babesia microti first raised to a higher level,and then dropped to a lower level,which was called host self-limiting phenomenon;while in SCID and NOD-SCID mice,density of Babesia microti appeared more than one peak,and could sustained in a higher level.
A research of land-cover change of Wenchuan Earthquake before and after based on object-oriented method

Interpretation of land cover types by using two Landsat-TM image data before and after the Wenchuan Earthquake through the fuzzy object-oriented classification,at the same time,analysis the land cover temporal-spatial patterns and the changing tendency of the study area by using applied statistics methods and the index of landscape.Results show:① Extracting land cover types of research field by object-oriented classification;precision is comparatively exactitude and efficiency.The total precision of Post-quake and pre-earthquake respectively are 0.90 and 0.92,while Kappa factor are 0.88 and 0.90. ② Forest in research field degenerated dramatically.The area of forest reduced 35679.76hm2,accounting to 7.66% of the total area.Desertification trends are obvious,After the earthquake impervious surface increased to 67935.41hm2 from 24558.61hm2. And relative dynamic degree reached 35.82%. ③ After the earthquake,land cover fragmentation tends to rise and number of patch largely increased.Impervious surface which changes the most severely among all the land cover types increase to 539 from 240 in Post-quake;forest have also been doubled to 335.CONTAG of the research areas is 31.09 and comparing to Post-quake's data decrease 9.80. The results show that earthquake intensifies the patch fragmentation of the research areas and leads to the degree of dispersion between patches expand.Accordingly,landscape degradation and spatial patterns evolution result in ecological deterioration and regional ecosystem service function decline.
Effects of Nitric Oxide (NO) on Ripening and Senescence of Strawberry

Using sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a nitric oxide (NO) donor, the effects of different concentrations of nitric oxide treatment on physiological index of post-harvest strawberry (Fengxiang), including ethylene production rate, respiration rate, vitamin C (Vc), soluble protein, the rate of water loss, rot and relative conductivity, and the activities of relevant enzymes from the fruit, including SOD, CAT and POD, were investigated. The results showed that NO resulting from 5 μmol·L-1 SNP aqueous solution obviously inhibited ethylene production rate, respiration rate, the increase of rot rate and relative membrane permeability and delayed the decrease of the ratio of soluble solids/acids, vitamin C and soluble proteins. The activity of CAT obviously increased during the storage and the decrease of activity of SOD was delayed during the later storage for the strawberry treated with 5 μmol·L-1 SNP aqueous solution. But the activity of POD from strawberry after treatment was lower than that of control fruit. NO resulting from 10 μmol·L-1 SNP aqueous solution injured slightly the fruit. The effect of NO from 1 μmol·L-1 SNP aqueous solution on delaying senescence of strawberries was not distinct. These have proved the relationship between inhibition of NO on senescence of fruit, and opened up the mechanism that NO protected the structural integrity of cell wall.
Calf muscle architecture and function in ultra runners and low physical activity individuals: A comparative review

There is a high incidence of calf injuries in ultradistance runners. Due to the low load, high volume nature of ultradistance running, the stimulation for adaptation in the gastrocnemius from running alone, may not be sufficient to stimulate adaptation. The purpose of this study was to assess the adaption in the architectural and functional components of the calf in ultradistance runners.
Study on the Relationship between Temperature-humidity and the Reproductive Competence of Ewes

The effects of the temperature and relative humidity on six reproductive performance indicators of 686 Longlin goats from 2006 to 2007 were studied using the methods of correlation and curve regression analysis.The results showed that the extremely low or high temperature exerts an unfavorable effect on the reproductive competence of ewes and the high temperature and moisture have the greatest influence on them.
Risk factors for chronic kidney disease of non-traditional causes: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Objectives. To evaluate the potential associations between chronic kidney disease of uncertain or non-traditional etiology (CKDnT) and agrochemicals, heat stress, heavy metals, and other factors identified in the literature in any region of the world and at any time. Methods. This was a systematic review of the most frequent exposures suspected to be possible causes of CKDnT. A search was conducted of PubMed, LILACS, World Wide Science electronic databases, among other sources. Only medium- and high-quality studies were included. The synthesis of evidence included a narrative synthesis, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Results. Four systematic reviews and 61 primary studies were included. Results of the meta-analysis suggest that exposure to agrochemicals and working in agriculture increase the risk of CKDnT, but this only reached significance for working in agriculture. When cross-sectional studies were excluded, agrochemical exposure became significant. However, there is substantial heterogeneity in the effect sizes. Conclusions. Based on the existing evidence and the precautionary principle, it is important to implement preventive measures to mitigate the damage caused by CKDnT to both agricultural workers and their communities (i.e., improvement of working conditions, cautious management of agrochemicals, etc.). More high-quality research is needed to measure impact and to build the evidence base.
Growth of some native broad-leaved trees and plant diversity in the coniferous plantation of South China

The growth of 11 native broad-leaved tree species in a coniferous plantation located in Zengcheng,Guangdong Province was studied.The result showed that the saplings of four Fagaceae species(Castanopsis fissa,C.carlesii,C.eyrei,and Cyclobalanopsis bella) had vigorous growth in the plantation during the first 5 years,which were excellent species in the ecological plantations.The saplings of Toona sinensis had rapid growth in the first 3 years,but the growth declined in the fourth and fifth year.It had higher light requirement with its growing.It can be used as reformed species in the low-density ecological plantations.The saplings of Tutcheria championii was shade-tolerant and showed good competition under the canopy.It can be used as the enrichment species for the reformation of secondary forests.The saplings of Cinnamomum camphora,Liquidambar formosana,and Michelia macclurei had relatively poor growth in the high-density ecological plantations.The plot investigation result indicated that most understory species invading the plantation were shade-tolerant and bird dispersed.