Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF INULIN AND CASEIN HYDROLYSATE ON VIABILITY OF LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW FAT PROBIOTIC YOGURT

Nowadays, Milk supplementation with micronutrients in order to improve the nutritional and prebiotic properties and rise the growth and survival of probiotic bacteria in food products is considered. In the present study, the effect of milk supplementation with a mixture of inulin and different levels of casein hydrolysate on qualitative properties of low fat probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus plantarum was investigated. For this purpose, the long chain inulin with concentrations of 1, 1.5% and values of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% of casein hydrolysate were used for production of probiotic yogurt (1.5%) containing Lactobacillus plantarum. The sensory evalution , pH , acidity, dry matter, count of probiotic bacteria, syneresis and viscosity levels in all samples were preformed , on the days 1,7,14 and 21 . Results indicated that the milk supplementation with inulin and casein hydrolysate leads to reduce fermentation time, increase the acidification and survival of Lactobacillus plantarum. During cold storage, pH , dry matter , viscosity , number of live probiotic bacteria , and sensory properties were reduced significantly (p<0.05) but acidity and percentage of syneresis were increased (p<0.05). In all samples till the 21th day of storage, the number of live probiotic bacteria was higher than the standard 10 6 CFU/gram (p<0.05).
Equilibrium adsorption of linear and branched C6 alkaneson silicalite-1 studied by the tapered element oscillating microbalance

The equilibrium adsorption of linear and branched C6 alkanes n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane and 2,3-dimethylbutane on silicalite-1 has been investigated using a novel technique—the tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM). For n-hexane, a small “kink ” in the isotherm is observed at about 4 molecule (unit cell of silicalite-1)−1. The measured isotherms of both 2-methylpentane and 3-methylpentane at 303 K for the first time show a second-step adsorption at loadings over 4 molecule (unit cell)−1. A two-step adsorption behavior is confirmed for single branched C6 alkanes. This observation is in good agreement with the picture of two distinct adsorption locations for single branched alkanes in silicalite-1 indicated by other techniques. The maximum loading for 2,3-dimethylbutane is about 4 molecule (unit cell)−1 under the conditions investigated and the molecules reside completely in the intersections. A dual-site Langmuir expression appropriately describes the equilibrium data for n-hexane, 2-methylpentane and 3-methylpentane, while the isotherms of 2,3-dimethylbutane can be described by the Langmuir model. The derived thermodynamic properties such as adsorption enthalpy and entropy agree with those available, determined by other techniques. The observed two-step adsorption behavior for single branched C6 alkanes on silicalite-1 is attributed to the large difference in the adsorption entropy between the molecular locations in the channel intersections and in the zigzag channels.
News from the U.S. and Japan: Which moves the yen/dollar exchange rate?

Intra-daily movements in the yen/dollar exchange rate were examined in four non-overlapping segments within each business day from January1980 to September 1985. The empirical results yielded several conclusions. First, most depreciation of the yen (appreciation of the dollar) from late 1982 to early 1984 occurred in the New York market. The direction of the yen was mostly neutral in the Tokyo market. Also, the volatility of the exchange rate decreased considerably in the Tokyo market. The volatility in the New York market, on the other hand, did not decrease untilvery recently. Second, market efficiency was examined in terms of the random-walk behavior of short-run movements in the yen/dollar rate. Information on the preceding segments within a day was sometimes significant in predicting the exchange rate movement in a market. Third, there is evidence of the "profit-taking" behavior, or overshooting, in that a large jump (more than 3 absolute yen) in any market tends to be reversed by a fifth of the jump during the same day in the next market. Finally,the relative effects of news from the U.S. and Japan were examined explicitly both with respect to possible major events behind large jumps andthe response of the yen/dollar rate to particular economic announcements in both countries. Over the entire sample period, news concerning the U.S. money stock had the only significant effects.
A Comparative Study on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentration Characteristics of Twelve Riparian Zone Species from Upstream of Hunhe River

On upstream of Hunhe River, the riparian zone and water quality has been impacted by increasing anthropogenic activities. Nitrogen and phosphorus run-off the river, has led to eutrophication. In this study, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were measured from different tissues (roots, stems and leaves) of twelve plants from the upstream riparian zone of the Hunhe River. The TN concentration ranged between 6.45 and 39.94 mg/g, while the TP range was 2.77–9.20 mg/g. A positive correlation of r 2 ¼ 0.5157, p < 0.05 was recorded between N/P ratios and TN. This showedthat plantsgrowth waslimitedbyNaccordingtothe“law ofthe minimum”. The concentrations of TN and TP in leaves were significantly higher than that in roots and stems. There were significant differences among life forms (tree, shrub, and herb) with respect to TP and N/P ratios. The data provided a theoretical guidance to plant species screening for the riparian zone restoration in purpose of the water quality improvement in the Hunhe River.
Salvaging velocity measurements corrupted by nearby instruments

A methodology is presented for salvaging velocity measurements that have been corrupted by the interference of nearby instruments. The method iteratively filters out spikes in the data that are not coherent with the median‐filtered velocity in spatial and temporal dimensions. An example is given for a data set from a benthic boundary layer, found to be corrupted by vortex shedding from nearby instruments co‐located for sampling of scalars with the velocity field. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by the reduction in energy at high frequencies and the reasonable flow velocities produced. This procedure provides realistic estimates of shear stress and other properties of the flow. Weaknesses of the method are the subjective determination of the size of the filter window, the criterion for sample deletion, and boundary conditions.
Environmental sustainability measures and their impacts on hotel room pricing in Andalusia (southern Spain).

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact on rooms pricing of environmental management practices in the hotels of Andalusia (Southern Spain). Empirical evidence is obtained using a database that was created as part of the project Quality, Productivity and Competitiveness in the Hospitality Industry for Andalusia (PO7/SEJ-02889). From this database, we use a sample statistically representative of hotels in the region and applied a hedonic pricing model. The main reason for using this model is based on that Hotel accommodation is characterized as having multiple attributes and values and therefore hedonic pricing analysis provides better results than any other techniques. The results from the regression analysis show that room prices increase when the quality of hotel services is improved by implementing environmental sustainability measures. This means that consumers positively value the implementation of environmentally sustainable measures because, by increasing its utility, they are willing to pay a premium price for the service provided. Our results may have important implications at the corporate level. In this sense, the positive response of consumers towards improving environmental measures may be an incentive to invest in those measures.
Polyelectrolyte complexes from polyethylene imine/acetone formaldehyde sulfite polycondensates: A novel reagent for effective fluid loss control of oil well cement slurries

When used by itself, polyethylene imine (PEI) does not perform well as cement fluid loss additive. Its combination with acetone formaldehyde sulfite (AFS) polycondensate, however, exhibits excellent filtration control. The mechanism underlying this synergistic effect was studied and the conditions producing best results were determined. For optimum performance, PEI and AFS must be reacted with each other to yield a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) (d ∼ 5–10 μm), which effectively plugs the pores of the cement filter cake. Composition, size, and effectiveness of the PEC are strongly influenced by the anionic charge amount of the AFS dispersant. Ionic interactions between cationic imine functionalities of PEI and anionic sulfonate groups existing in AFS were confirmed by conductivity, infrared, zeta potential, and particle size measurements. For AFS samples possessing different degrees of sulfonation, the largest particle size and hence best fluid loss performance of the PEC was found to occur at a PEI:AFS molar ratio, which corresponds to neutral charge. Occurrence of large PEC particles (d ∼ 5 μm) within the cement filter cake pores was visualized by scanning electron microscopy, and their stability in highly alkaline cement pore solution was confirmed by particle size measurement. Other anionic polyelectrolytes may be used to yield such PECs with PEI to provide effective fluid loss control for cement slurries. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Micro-scale kinetics and heterogeneity of a pH triggered hydrogel

Particle tracking microrheology is used to study the gelation process of the amino acid derivative fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-tyrosine (Fmoc-Y). Gelation is triggered by the addition of glucono-δ-lactone, which gradually lowers the pH over several hours and has been observed to produce particularly clear gels compared to other gelation agents. Microrheology is shown to be effective in tracking particles in this system for incubation times up to 6 h. After this time, the particle mean-squared displacements (MSD) remain constant with incubation time. The gel point, defined as the incubation time at which particle trajectories switch from a diffusive to a sub-diffusive regime is estimated to be 3600s. MSD plots also show that gelation occurs via a percolation transition. Examining the individual particle trajectories allows the heterogeneity of the sample to be determined through various analytical techniques, specifically the Heterogeneity Ratio, HR and the non-Gaussian parameter, N. The results demonstrate that glucono-δ-lactone allows the triggering of gradual gelation on the micro-scale with an exceptionally low degree of local heterogeneity which remains approximately constant after the gel point.
Negative ion destruction by O(3P) atoms and O2(a 1Δg) molecules in an oxygen plasma

Laser photodetachment was used to investigate the dynamics of negative ion density in the positive column of a pure oxygen dc glow discharge over a range of pressure (0.1–5 Torr) and current density (2–40 mA cm−2). Upon discharge current modulation, the negative ion O− concentration decayed with the characteristic loss times of oxygen O(3P) atom and metastable oxygen O2(a 1Δg) molecule concentrations over a wide range of discharge parameters. To determine the rate constants of negative ion loss by reaction with these species, the dynamics of O(3P) atoms and O2(a 1Δg) molecules was investigated using time-resolved actinometry and IR spectroscopy at 1.27 µm, respectively. At pressures greater than ∼0.5 Torr the attachment–detachment dominated regime of the oxygen discharge was realized and the main negative ion was O−. Under these conditions, electron attachment to O2 molecules to produce O− was compensated by detachment of O− with O(3P) and O2(a 1Δg). The rate constants of O− detachment with O(3P) atoms ) and singlet O2(a 1Δg) molecules ), were determined in the plasma itself for the first time.
Threshold voltage variations with temperature in MOS transistors

Variations with temperature in the threshold voltage of n- and p-channel MOS transistors are obtained by calculation as well as measurement, with the results comparing quite closely. The amount of voltage change per °C under normal operating conditions is found to be dependent upon the channel doping concentration. The calculations show that for either n- or p-channel devices the voltage change per °C is -4 mV/°C for an impurity concentration of 3 × 1016/cm3and -2 mV/°C for an impurity concentration of 1015/cm3. This information is important because if the MOS transistor is subjected to a changing temperature environment, the accompanying threshold voltage change may be intolerable.
Studies on polyacrylates containing pendant ligand with carbonyl and hydroxyl functions and their divalent metal complexes

A series of monomers were prepared by reacting (meth)acryloyl chloride with 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone, respectively. The monomers were polymerized in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 70°C using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. Polymer–metal complexes were obtained from DMF solutions of polymers with an aqueous solution of metal ions. The polymers and polymer–metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral studies. The IR spectra of these complexes suggest that the metals are coordinated through the oxygen of the carbonyl group and the oxygen of the phenolic–OH group. The electronic spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, and magnetic moments of polychelates showed an octahedral and square planar structure for Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes, respectively. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that polychelates are highly crystalline. The thermal and electrical properties, catalytic activity, and structure–property relationships are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2083–2090, 2003
The multiphoton ionization spectrum of xenon: Interatomic effects in multiphoton transitions

The multiphoton ionization spectrum of xenon was taken in the vicinity of the laser wavelengths corresponding to one‐third the energy of transitions to the 5p5(2P3/2)6s, 5p5(2P1/2)6s, and 5p5(2P3/2)5d atomic levels. Many atomic resonances were observed, the most prominent being third photon resonances with atomic 5d levels and fourth photon resonances with atomic 4f levels. However, peaks corresponding to ionization through the 6s levels were weak or absent. Resonances in these regions showed extreme pressure dependence. At higher pressures (≳50 torr) a broadening of the atomic lines as well as the existence of continuum backgrounds and strong broad resonances peaking at the energy of transitions between excited states were seen. At low pressure (40 torr) the atomic lines were narrow and the broad peaks and background were no longer present. These high pressure features were interpreted to be a consequency of resonances with vibrational continua of excited state diatomic xenon molecules and illustrate the.
PHARMACOKINETICS OF TRIPTOLIDE. DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR QUANTITATION OF TRIPTOLIDE IN PLASMA

In order to evaluate the bioavailability and study the pharmacokinetics of triptolide, an HPLC method was developed for the quantitative determination of this diterpenoid in plasma. The procedure for the plasma assay employed liquid - liquid extraction with chloroform followed by high speed centrifugation. The UV absorbance of the effluent was monitored at 218 nm. An internal standard (acetophenone) was used to calibrate injection and instrument reaction errors. The proposed methodology is sensitive, rapid, and reproducible. The limit of quantitation is 0.005 mg/L in plasma (0.05 mg/L in final solution) and a linear range of determination is observed over the concentration of 0.05 mg/L to 30 mg/L. The inter- and intraday coefficients of variation for the assay of triptolide in plasma were < 16.82 % at low concentration (0.005–0.076 mg/L) and < 8.05% at high concentration (0.152–5.000 mg/L). Recovery of triptolide in plasma is greater than 96.72%. Triptolide was stable in plasma during 30 days of storage a.
Survey Methods in Community Medicine: Epidemiological Studies, Programme Evaluation, Clinical Trials

First Steps. Types of Investigation. Stages of an Investigation. Formulating the Objectives. The Objectives of Evaluative Studies. The Study Population. Control Groups. Sampling. The Variables. Defining the Variables. Definitions of Diseases. Scales of Measurement. Composite Scales. Methods of Collecting Data. Reliability. Validity. Interviews and Self-Administered Questionnaires. Constructing a Questionnaire. Surverying the Opinions of Experts. The Use of Documentary Sources. Planning the Records. Planning the Analysis. Pretests and Other Practical Preparations. Collecting the Data. Processing the Data. Interpreting the Findings. Making Sense of Associations. Generalizing from the Findings. Writing a Report. Clinical Trials. Programme Trials. Community-Orientated Primary Care. Appendix: Random Numbers. Index
Irrigation Requirements, Root-medium pH, and Nutrient Concentrations of Easter Lilies Grown in Five Peat-based Media with and without an Evaporation Barrier

Additional index words. evaporation, Lilium longiflorum, soluble salts, subirrigation Abstract. Subirrigated Easter lilies were grown in five commercially formulated root media using one water-soluble fertilizer applied independently to each medium based on water-holding capacity and water loss. The number of irrigations ranged from 12 to 20 and the amount of applied water ranged from 5.3 to 6.8 liters for the uncovered media treatments. When the root-medium surface was covered with an evaporation barrier, the average amount of applied water was reduced by 35% compared to the uncovered media. The largest effect on root media pH was between uncovered and covered media due to the reduced amount of water applied. Similar macronutrient concentrations were measured in the five media during the experiment with few exceptions. The greatest differences in nutrient concentrations were found within the pots. The top 2.5 cm (top layer) contained nutrient concentrations up to 10 times higher than those measured in the remaining root medium (root zone) of the same pot. Covering the root-medium surface with an evaporation barrier reduced the stratification of fertilizer salts. Root-zone soluble salt concentrations of plants in the covered pots were similar to those of uncovered plants even though 36% less fertilizer was applied to the covered plants. Environmental concerns regarding nitrate and phosphate run- off have made using high concentrations of water-soluble fertilizer (WSF) and high leaching rates to manage root-media nutrient levels unacceptable (Biernbaum, 1992). The relationship between WSF concentration and leaching on media nutrient concentrations has been documented for container-grown greenhouse crops (Hasek et al., 1986; Ku and Hershey, 1991; Yelanich and Biernbaum, 1993). As the leaching fraction decreases, medium nutrient con- centrations increase unless the WSF concentration applied also
Radiosynthesis of Perfluoroalkyl Substances

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely utilized manmade chemicals. Their properties have made them highly appreciated in a variety of industrial and consumer product applications, including fire-fighting foams, hydraulic fluids, as well as in cookware and food contact papers. However, some of the PFASs are highly persistent in the environment and their toxicological profiles are of concern. Voluntary and regulatory efforts have been taken to reduce the environmental levels of PFASs. These actions have resulted in a reduction of PFASs in human milk from Stockholm as presented in this thesis. The radiosyntheses of 35 S-PFOS, 35 S-PFBS, and 14 C-PFOA presented herein were applied for distribution studies in mice but also for solubility and adhesion experiments of common laboratory solvents and buffers. The radiosynthesis employed reactive Grignard reagents, perfluoroalkyliodides, and 35 S-sulfur dioxide or 14 C-carbon dioxide. The distribution studies were performed with 35 S-PFOS on both pregnant mice and their offspring as well as on male mice. The mice were subjected to whole-body autoradiography and the tissues were analyzed by liquid scintillation counting. Liver and lungs were the target organs for 35 S-PFOS in the dams. The fetuses and pups had remarkable high levels of 35 S-PFOS in their lungs as well as in the brain. The male mice were given a high dose and a more environmental relevant dose of 35 S-PFOS. PFOS was transferred from the blood to the tissues as the dose increased. In another study the distribution pattern of the shorter homologue PFBS was compared to PFOS. 35 S-PFBS was utilized and demonstrated a 5-40 fold lower tissue levels in comparison to PFOS. The pharmacokinetic parameters determined for PFHxS in mice, rats, and monkeys will provide valuable insight in establishing a proper risk assessment for this compound. The study confirms the common species differences in serum elimination half-life that are associated with PFASs. © Maria Sundstrom ISBN 978-91-7447-579-1 Universitetsservice US-AB, 2012
Rapid and quantitative measurement of hematite and goethite in the Chinese loess-paleosol sequence by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

The long, continuous deposition of dust in the Chinese loess plateau offers a unique opportunity to study the nature of Fe oxide formation in a wide range of climatic conditions. A technique to obtain quantitative estimates of the concentration of hematite and goethite in loess and paleosol samples is reported. Experiments using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy on sets of laboratory mixed and natural loess and paleosol samples show that it is possible to obtain rapid and quantitative estimates of the absolute concentration of hematite and goethite in the Chinese loess sediments. Typical loess and paleosol samples were deferrated using the CBD procedure to produce a natural matrix material to which hematite and goethite in known weight percentages were added to produce a set of calibration standards. Spectral violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, red and brightness of standards were calculated from the reflectance data and served as independent variables for a multiple linear regression analysis. The effect of changing matrix from loess to paleosol was overcome by including a variety of different loess and paleosol samples in the regression equations. The resulting calibration equations provide estimates of wt. % hematite and goethite and have correlation coefficients >0.93. The total measured hematite and goethite concentrations exhibited consistent variations with CBD extractable iron. Tests of the equations for buffering changes in matrix composition were run with samples of varying mineralogical composition (calcite, illite, etc.) and demonstrated that the equations are well buffered for changes in matrix composition from loess to paleosol.
Anchoring of Pd(II) complex in functionalized MCM-41 as an efficient and recoverable novel nano catalyst in C–C, C–O and C–N coupling reactions using Ph3SnCl

Anchored palladium(II) in functionalized MCM-41 mesoporous silica was prepared and used as an efficient, recoverable and thermally stable heterogeneous nano catalyst for C–C, C–O and C–N bond formation in cross-coupling reactions in the presence of Ph3SnCl. MCM-41 was prepared trough hydrothermal synthesis using tetraethyl orthosilicate (Si(OC2H5)4) as silica source and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template. The structure of functionalized MCM-41 was studied by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, EDS, ICP and BET techniques.