Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HPV-Positive and -Negative Cervical Cancers Are Immunologically Distinct

Although infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with nearly all cervical cancers (CC), a small proportion are HPV-negative. Recently, it has become clear that HPV-negative CC represent a distinct disease phenotype compared to HPV-positive disease and exhibit increased mortality. In addition, variations between different HPV types associated with CC have been linked to altered molecular pathology and prognosis. We compared the immune microenvironments of CC caused by HPV α9 species (HPV16-like), HPV α7 species (HPV18-like) and HPV-negative disease. HPV-negative CC appeared distinct from other subtypes, with greatly reduced levels of lymphocyte infiltration compared to either HPV α9 or α7 CC. Besides reduced levels of markers indicative of B, T, and NK lymphocytes, the expression of T-cell effector molecules, activation/exhaustion markers, and T-cell receptor diversity were also significantly lower in HPV-negative CC. Interestingly, HPV-negative CC expressed much higher levels of potential neoantigens than HPV-positive CC. These results identify profound differences between the immune landscape of HPV-positive and HPV-negative CC as well as modest differences between HPV α9 and α7 CC. These differences may contribute to altered patient outcomes between HPV-negative and HPV-positive CC and potentially between CC associated with different HPV types.
Development of a molecular-based detection tool for sweet potato leaf curl viruses and determination of their incidence levels in Tanzania

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an important food security crop in sub-Saharan Africa, where its production is constrained by devastating diseases; including those caused by sweet potato leaf curl viruses (SPLCVs; Begomovirus; Geminiviridae). The objective of this study was to develop a molecular-based diagnostic detection tool for SPLCVs, as well as to generate information on their geographical distribution and incidence in Tanzania. A comprehensive survey of SPLCVs was done in all major sweet potato growing areas in Tanzania. Incidences of SPLCVs and their causative diseases were determined visually and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using primers designed, optimised and validated. DNA was extracted from 4166 sweet potato leaf samples and detection of SPLCVs was done. Visual incidence of disease symptoms ranged from 0 to 100%; while PCR-based incidence of SPLCVs ranged from 0 to 60%. The highest mean PCR-based incidence of SPLCVs was 32%. SPLCVs occurred in all sweet potato growing areas. There was a negative correlation between the visually assessed incidence of disease symptoms and PCR-based incidence of SPCLVs (r = -0.122 and R2 = 0.012). A weak positive correlation between altitude and PCR-based incidence of SPLCVs was also found. In ten-fold serially diluted sweet potato DNA samples, using our new primer pair d1-SPLCVF/d1-SPLCVR, the detection limit of SPLCVs was at the dilution of 10-3. The youngest fully expanded leaf of the sweet potato plant was the best for PCR detection of SPLCVs. These findings will be useful for strategic deployment of planting material and conducting sweet potato breeding experiments for resistance against SPLCVs.
Malaria parasites detection and identification using object detectors based on deep neural networks: a wide comparative analysis

ABSTRACT Malaria is an infectious disease transmitted by the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito, infected by Plasmodium spp. Early diagnosis and prompt and effective treatment are needed to avoid anaemia, organ failure, and death. Manual microscopy is the primary technique used for diagnosing malaria. However, this exam is labour-intensive and requires qualified personnel. In order to alleviate these difficulties, researchers are using computer vision concepts to detect and classify cells infected by the Plasmodium spp. This paper presents a comparative study of seven object detectors based on deep neural networks. We evaluated four versions of the You Only Look Once (YOLO), Single Shot MultiBox Detector, EfficientDet, and Faster R-CNN convolutional neural networks to detect and classify the malaria parasite in six different scenarios. We used four public image datasets, and the YOLOv5 model outperformed the other evaluated models. Their results had similar performance to the state-of-the-art works demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of YOLOv5 to detect and classify malaria parasites in thin blood smear images with high precision and sensitivity.
Abiotrophia spp. and Granulicatella spp. Infective Endocarditis: A Contemporary Perspective.

BACKGROUND Abiotrophia spp. and Granulicatella spp. are Gram-positive cocci, formerly known as nutritionally variant or deficient Streptococcus. Their role as causative agents of infective endocarditis (IE) is numerically uncertain, as well as diagnostic and clinical management of this infection. The aim of our study is to describe the clinical, microbiological, therapeutic, and prognosis of patients with IE caused by these microorganisms in a large microbiology department. METHODS Retrospective analysis of all the patients with Abiotrophia spp. and Granulicatella spp. IE registered in our centre in the period 2004-2021. RESULTS Of the 822 IE in the study period, 10 (1.2%) were caused by Abiotrophia spp. (7) or Granulicatella spp. (3). The species involved were A.defectiva (7), G.adiacens (2) and G.elegans (1). Eight patients were male, their mean age was 46 years and four were younger than 21 years. The most frequent comorbidities were congenital heart disease (4; 40%) and the presence of intracardiac prosthetic material (5; 50%). IE occurred on 5 native valves and 5 prosthetic valve or material. Blood cultures were positive in 8/10 patients, within a mean incubation period of 18.07 hours. In the other two patients, a positive 16SPCR from valve or prosthetic material provided the diagnosis. Surgery for IE was performed in seven patients (70%) and in all cases positive 16S rRNA PCR and sequencing from valve or prosthetic material was demonstrated. Valves and/or prosthetic removed material cultures were positive in four patients. Nine patients received ceftriaxone (4 in monotherapy and 5 in combination with other antibiotics). The mean length of treatment was 6 weeks and IE-associated mortality was 20% at one year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Abiotrophia spp. or Granulicatella spp. IE were infrequent but not exceptional in our environment and particularly affected patients with congenital heart disease or prosthetic material. Blood cultures and molecular methods allowed the diagnosis. Most of them required surgery and the associated mortality, in spite of a mean age of 46 years, was high.
Evaluation of FIDAP on some classical laminar and turbulent benchmarks. [FluId Dynamics Analysis Package

Numerical solutions of the Fluid Dynamics Analysis Package (FIDAP) for some laminar and turbulent flow problems, namely (1) two-dimensional laminar flow inside a wall-driven cavity, (2) two-dimensional laminar flow over a backward-facing step and (3) two-dimensional turbulent flow over a backward-facing step, are presented. The consistent integration penalty finite element method is used with Q2/P1 (nine-node biquadratic velocity with linear discontinuous pressure) finite elements. Results of FIDAP on the above problems are compared with other numerical solutions and experimental data to evaluate its numerical accuracy. The influence of streamline upwinding is also investigated for all the test cases.
Transactional and Transformational Leadership Styles, Sensing, Seizing, and Configuration Dynamic Capabilities in Kenyan Firms

ABSTRACT Leaders play a vital role in the development of dynamic capabilities. However, the effects of leadership styles on firms’ dynamic capabilities have not been fully explored, with relatively few studies examining the relationship between leadership and dynamic capabilities. This research examined the influence of transformational and transactional leadership styles on dynamic capabilities. Using data from 279 Kenyan firms. Data analysis was done using hierarchical linear regression model. The finding shows that transformational and transactional leadership styles influence the development of organizational dynamic capabilities. While the transformational leadership style leads to the development of sensing, seizing, and configuration capabilities, transactional leaders do not affect the development of sensing dynamic capabilities. However, they have significant effects on seizing and configuration capabilities development. This study develops knowledge that enables leaders, scholars and practitioners to understand how to use different leadership styles to pursue or develop different dynamic capabilities.
Enumeration complexity and matroid decomposition

Ce travail comporte deux parties principales, d'une part l'etude des algorithmes d'enumeration et leur complexite et d'autres part la verification pour des hypergraphes et des matroides decomposes de proprietes exprimes en logique monadique du second ordre. L'enumeration est d'abord etudie d'un point de vue structurel : on donne les definitions des classes de complexite les plus naturelles et leur relations sont etudiees. On tente d'expliquer le role de l'ordre dans cette problematique ainsi que l'effet d'operations ensemblistes sur les solutions. Puis on donne une serie de resultats sur l'enumeration des monomes de polynomes donnes soit comme des boites noires, soit comme des circuits. Les algorithmes developpes peuvent ensuite etre utilises pour resoudre des problemes combinatoires plus classiques, tel que l'enumeration des hyperarbres couvrants d'un hypergraphe 3-uniforme. Dans la deuxieme partie, on donne une representation arborescente alternative des matroides de largeur de branche bornee. Cela permet d'exprimer localement la propriete d'independance et ainsi de decider en temps lineaire des proprietes monadiques du second ordre sur ces structures. On obtient egalement une enumeration a delai lineaire des objets definissables en LMSO, par exemple les circuits d'un matroide. On montre que cette decomposition s'etend facilement a d'autres classes de matroides et en poussant l'abstraction plus loin a des hypergraphes decomposables.
Traumatic Humeral Diaphysis Extrusion and Replantation With Periosteal Involvement

Open fractures that produce an extruded long bone diaphysis, such as this case, are an exceedingly rare incident, with even fewer cases documented, leading to difficult medical decision-making for the operative management of such situations. Options for operative management include replantation following sterilization of the extruded fragment, bone transport, a vascularized fibular graft, and even allograft reconstruction. Each option is associated with high and variable levels of risk. The authors report a case study of a 35-year-old female, status post motor vehicle collision (MVC), who sustained a fracture and expulsion of her humeral diaphysis during the incident. She presented to the emergency department by ambulance after colliding into a light post at 50 miles per hour. Upon presentation and examination, the patient scored 14 on the Glascow Coma Scale (GCS) with a positive Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) exam, consistent with splenic and hepatic injuries. In addition to this, the patient exhibited a flaccid left upper extremity combined with an absent left radial pulse and a small puncture wound on the left anterolateral antecubital area. Radiographic imaging revealed a 6-inch fragment of mid to distal humeral diaphysis missing. Moments later the initial Emergency Medical Services (EMS) crew returned from the scene of the accident with the missing 6-inch fragment of humerus contained in an emesis bag, which was found on the floorboard of the patient’s vehicle. This fragment was preserved at -20 °C for 2 days and later used as an autograft in an open reduction internal fixation surgery. This case highlights and details the techniques for proper storage, treatment, and sterilization of the bone fragment during the period of patient stabilization following trauma, to optimize the replantation and union of the fragment. This includes contrasting the different techniques that could be utilized to preserve and sterilize bony fragments, such as autoclaving, gamma radiation, chemical sterilization with iodine, or deciding whether the fragment needs to be discarded altogether with the utilization of allograft.
On the Effect of Historical SST Patterns on Radiative Feedback

We investigate the dependence of radiative feedback on the pattern of sea‐surface temperature (SST) change in 14 Atmospheric General Circulation Models (AGCMs) forced with observed variations in SST and sea‐ice over the historical record from 1871 to near‐present. We find that over 1871–1980, the Earth warmed with feedbacks largely consistent and strongly correlated with long‐term climate sensitivity feedbacks (diagnosed from corresponding atmosphere‐ocean GCM abrupt‐4xCO2 simulations). Post 1980, however, the Earth warmed with unusual trends in tropical Pacific SSTs (enhanced warming in the west, cooling in the east) and cooling in the Southern Ocean that drove climate feedback to be uncorrelated with—and indicating much lower climate sensitivity than—that expected for long‐term CO2 increase. We show that these conclusions are not strongly dependent on the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) II SST data set used to force the AGCMs, though the magnitude of feedback post 1980 is generally smaller in nine AGCMs forced with alternative HadISST1 SST boundary conditions. We quantify a “pattern effect” (defined as the difference between historical and long‐term CO2 feedback) equal to 0.48 ± 0.47 [5%–95%] W m−2 K−1 for the time‐period 1871–2010 when the AGCMs are forced with HadISST1 SSTs, or 0.70 ± 0.47 [5%–95%] W m−2 K−1 when forced with AMIP II SSTs. Assessed changes in the Earth's historical energy budget agree with the AGCM feedback estimates. Furthermore satellite observations of changes in top‐of‐atmosphere radiative fluxes since 1985 suggest that the pattern effect was particularly strong over recent decades but may be waning post 2014.
Review and Assessment of Neutron Cross Section and Nubar Covariances for Advanced Reactor Systems

In January 2007, the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) produced a set of preliminary neutron covariance data for the international project 'Nuclear Data Needs for Advanced Reactor Systems'. The project was sponsored by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), Paris, under the Subgroup 26 of the International Working Party on Evaluation Cooperation (WPEC). These preliminary covariances are described in two recent BNL reports. The NNDC used a simplified version of the method developed by BNL and LANL that combines the recent Atlas of Neutron Resonances, the nuclear reaction model code EMPIRE and the Bayesian code KALMAN with the experimental data used as guidance. There are numerous issues involved in these estimates of covariances and it was decided to perform an independent review and assessment of these results so that better covariances can be produced for the revised version in future. Reviewed and assessed are uncertainties for fission, capture, elastic scattering, inelastic scattering and (n,2n) cross sections as well as prompt nubars for 15 minor actinides ({sup 233,234,236}U, {sup 237}Np, {sup 238,240,241,242}Pu, {sup 241,242m,243}Am and {sup 242,243,244,245}Cm) and 4 major actinides ({sup 232}Th, {sup 235,238}U and {sup 239}Pu). We examined available evaluations, performed comparison with experimental data, taken into account uncertaintiesmore » in model parameterization and made use state-of-the-art nuclear reaction theory to produce the uncertainty assessment. « less
A demographic model to support customary management of a culturally important waterfowl species

Scientific support invited by Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC) to assist with customary environmental management can improve conservation and community livelihoods. For example, demographic models can help to understand how alternative wildlife management strategies affect population dynamics and harvest sustainability. We developed a demographic model to assist Ng ā i Tahu, the southern-most M ā ori tribe in Aotearoa/New Zealand, in customary management of a culturally important population of Black Swans ( kak ī anau , Cygnus atratus ). We used recent demographic data, including results of an experimental egg harvest study, to inform tangata tiaki (Ng ā i Tahu environmental guardians) about how customary egg harvest and background pressure from sport hunting of swans aged ≥ 1 year differentially affect population growth. We also assessed how sport hunting of swans affects the sustainability of customary egg harvest. Estimated population growth (1.018 or presently growing 1.8% annually; 95% CI: 0.808– 1.241) was most sensitive to changes in adult and subadult survival, followed by juvenile (first-year) survival, breeding propensity, and nest hatching success. Uncertainty in population growth was almost entirely attributable to uncertainty in swan survival rates after hatching. Sustainable population-level rates of egg harvest varied from none to more than half of all eggs, depending on small changes in adult and subadult survival. Population sensitivity to adult and subadult survival suggests that limiting and monitoring their mortality are crucial to population and egg harvest sustainability, whereas contemporary government-mandated species management, through Fish and Game New Zealand, allows adult and subadult mortality from sport hunting, with little record of offtake. Recognizing the rights and interests of Ng ā i Tahu, and monitoring swan mortality more closely, could improve Ng ā i Tahu abilities to practice customary harvest, enhance population and environmental monitoring, and, when appropriate, control swan numbers in a culturally appropriate and less wasteful way. The model we present could aid decision making and communication between Ng ā i Tahu and New Zealand’s Crown government within a potential future co-management arrangement. Demographic models can be useful tools for supporting customary environmental management, but developing, maintaining, and implementing these tools requires support for adaptive policies and management arrangements that recognize IPLC rights to the environment and decision making.
COMBUSTION BEHAVIOUR AND SLAGGING TENDENCIES OF KAOLIN ADDITIVATED PELLETS FROM FEN PALUDICULTURES IN A SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS BOILER

: Fuel quality and combustion behaviour of agricultural pellets from paludiculture straw were tested within the research project “MOORuse”. Pellets were produced from Typha ssp . , Phragmites australis , Phalaris arundinacea and Carex ssp . Additivation of pellets with kaolin was applied to reduce particle emissions and slagging. Physical fuel properties of pellets met the requirements of ISO 17225-6. Chemical fuel properties(e.g.K and Na content) indicated high TPM emissions for Typha ssp . Distinct slagging for the other species were predicted (e.g. by Si/K-index). During combustion in a small-scale biomass boiler (30 kW), CO and TPM emissions were high for Typha ssp . (CO: 292 mg/m 3 , TPM: 115 mg/m 3 , STC) but were reduced by additivation with 2.3 w-% kaolin (CO: 143 mg/m 3 , TPM: 94 mg/m 3 , STC). Slagging was high for Phragmites australis , Phalaris arundinacea and Carex ssp . with >40 w-% of total ash consisting of particles >8 mm. Additivation had no positive effect on slagging. In conclusion, paludiculture pellets are challenging fuels that require sufficient fuel upgrading, e. g. by additivation or fuel blending, and a suitable boiler technique that fulfils the legal requirements for the combustion of agricultural fuels in Germany. These requirements are easier met by medium sized combustions plants >100 kW.
Management of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections: A Delphi Study

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases in the pediatric population and represents a major cause of antibiotic consumption and hospitalization in children. Considering the ongoing controversies on the management of pediatric UTI and the challenges due to increasing antimicrobial resistance, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of agreement on UTI management in pediatric age in Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy, and to assess on the basis of recent studies whether there is the need to change current recommendations used by primary care pediatricians, hospital pediatricians, and pediatric surgeons in everyday clinical practice to possibly improve outcomes. This consensus provides clear and shared indications on UTI management in pediatric age, based on the most updated literature. This work represents, in our opinion, the most complete and up-to-date collection of statements on procedures to follow for pediatric UTI, in order to guide physicians in the management of the patient, standardize approaches, and avoid abuse and misuse of antibiotics. Undoubtedly, more randomized and controlled trials are needed in the pediatric population to better define the best therapeutic management in cases with antimicrobial resistance and real usefulness of long-term antibiotic prophylaxis.
On the local structure of conformal mappings and holomorphic vector fields in C

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Epstein-Barr Virus and Malaria Interactions: Immunology Perspective

Epstein-Barr Virus can cause various diseases, from acute inflammatory diseases such as fatal or chronic EBV infection, infectious mononucleosis as well as lymphoid and epithelial cancer, various autoimmune diseases, and also could interact with malaria. As EBV infects 95% of the world population, and more than 30% are infected with the protozoan parasite, with more than 500,000 deaths due to malaria cases. It is important to understand how EBV dysregulates the immune system, especially when the virus is interacting with other pathogens such as malaria parasites, causing more severe conditions in certain people like Burkitt Lymphoma. This review will be informative about the mechanism of how EBV interacts with malaria parasites and how it affects the immune system. Knowledge of various cytokines triggering the immune system which may provide links to control/minimize malaria disease severity.
Measuring Yearly Variation of Temperature of Medium Voltage Cable Joints

In the last years, Italian Distribution System Operators (DSOs) have recorded an anomalous number of faults in underground medium voltage (MV) cable lines, especially during hottest months. This work presents a thermal analysis of MV cable joints, especially focused on cold-shrinkable type since it is one of the most commonly installed in Italian distribution networks. The paper reports and discusses a measurement campaign of temperatures within and around the joint considering real operating conditions; data have been gathered during one-year, with the aim to assess thermal stress of joints. Furthermore, a 3D thermal model already presented and discussed by the authors in previous papers has been accurately validated and also extensively applied in this study. Measurements and simulation results show that the joint is a cold part of an underground cable line and that overheating does not occur in any considered scenarios, even in the most critical ones.