Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological Indicators of Workload in a Remotely Piloted Aircraft Simulation

Abstract : Toward preventing performance decrements associated with mental overload in remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) operations, the current research investigated the feasibility of using physiological measures to assess cognitive workload. Two RPA operators were interviewed to identify factors that impact workload in target tracking missions. Performance, subjective workload, cortical, cardiac and eye data were collected. One cardiac and several eye measures were sensitive to changes in workload as evidenced by performance and subjective workload data. This research advances the literature toward real-time workload mitigation in RPA field operations.
History of Leukemia: Diagnosis and Treatment from Beginning to Now

In 1845, leukemia was known as a systemic illness; and it was more than 100 years later that the first report of a significant therapy for leukemia was published in 1948. Leukemia was known as a multifactorial disease rather than a single disease till 1900. In 1965, less than 1% of children with acute leukemia were predictable to have long-term survivors; today, approximately 80% of children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are cured, these achievements are due to the cooperative effort of researchers and physicians in the field. Despite this success, leukemia is still the leading cause of death globally. This review aims to elucidate the history of leukemia from the beginning of the 19th century when scientists defined unusual disorders of the blood cells, till present. Additionally, we tried to discuss the history of the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia with particular emphasis on acute leukemia. [GMJ.2017;6(1):12-22]
Nonlinear behavior of the thermoacoustic instabilities in the limousine combustor

The topic of this dissertation are the large amplitude pressure perturbations which are sometimes observed in gas turbine burners and boilers. The pressure oscillations are the result of unstable feedback between the combustion process and pressure waves. The amplitude of these oscillations reach such large amplitudes that the oscillation is limited by non-linear phenomena. This phenomenon is known as Limit Cycle Oscillation (LCO) of pressure and has a negative impact on the technical lifetime of the gas turbine engine. This research is part of the LIMOUSINE project, funded by the European Commission under the Marie Curie FP7 Initial Training Network, grant agreement number 214905. The flame dynamics have been studied empirically with laboratory scale, atmospheric combustion setups specifically designed for this project. These combustion chambers have rectangular cross-section and they use a wedge-shaped "bluff body" to stabilize the flame. The burner uses methane as fuel and the thermal power ranges between 30 and 70 kW. The burner can sustain different combustion regimes, depending on the fuel and air flows. The combustion process may be stable without any remarkable dynamics or may show pressure Limit Cycle Oscillations. The frequency of the LCO is related to the acoustic resonance frequency of the combustion chamber, as can be seen from the sensitivity of the Helmholtz and Strouhal dimensionless numbers. One of the features of the limit cycle is the non-linearity of the signal. The pressure spectrum shows regularly spaced secondary peaks which do not match any of the acoustic modes. The origin of these dynamics lies on the temporal waveform. The characteristics of the limit cycle were investigated with non-linear methods, such as the dimension of the attractor of the measured time series for the pressure and the heat release rate in the phase space. In general, stable combustion have chaotic motion while LCO cases present an associated dimension of 3. Nevertheless, the motion of the structural elements is deterministic for both combustion regimes. Last but not least, the interaction between wall vibration and combustion induced oscillations was examined. The coupling of the two physical systems is visible to some extent.
Analysis of Gait Sub-Movements to Estimate Ataxia Severity Using Ankle Inertial Data

Objective: Assessment of motor severity in cerebellar ataxia is critical for monitoring disease progression and evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. Though wearable sensors have been used to monitor gait tasks in order to enable frequent assessment, existing solutions only estimate gait performance severity rather than comprehensive motor severity. In this study, we propose a new approach that analyzes sub-second movement profiles of the lower-limbs during gait to estimate overall motor severity in cerebellar ataxia. Methods: A total of 37 ataxia subjects and 12 healthy subjects performed a 5 m walk-and-turn task with two ankle-worn inertial sensors. Lower-limb movements were decomposed into one-dimensional sub-movements, namely movement elements. Supervised regression models trained on data features of movement elements estimated the Brief Ataxia Rating Scale (BARS) and its sub-scores evaluated by clinicians. The proposed models were also compared to models trained on widely-accepted spatiotemporal gait features. Results: Estimated total BARS showed strong agreement with clinician-evaluated scores with $r^2$ = 0.72 and a root mean square error of 2.6 BARS points. Movement element-based models significantly outperformed conventional, spatiotemporal gait feature-based models. Conclusion: The proposed algorithm accurately assessed overall motor severity in cerebellar ataxia using inertial data collected from bilaterally-placed ankle sensors during a simple walk-and-turn task. Significance: Our work could support fine-grained monitoring of disease progression and patients’ responses to medical/clinical interventions.
Using friction dampers in retrofitting a steel structure with masonry infill panels

A convenient procedure for seismic retrofit of existing buildings is to use passive control methods, like using friction dampers in steel frames with bracing systems. In this method, reduction of seismic demand and increase of ductility generally improve seismic performance of the structures. Some of its advantages are development of a stable rectangular hysteresis loop and independence on environmental conditions such as temperature and loading rate. In addition to friction dampers, masonry-infill panels improve the seismic resistance of steel structures by increasing lateral strength and stiffness and reducing story drifts. In this study, the effect of masonry-infill panels on seismic performance of a three-span four-story steel frame with Pall friction dampers is investigated. The results show that friction dampers in the steel frame increase the ductility and decrease the drift (to less than 1%). The infill panels fulfill their function during the imposed drift and increase structural strength. It can be concluded that infill panels together with friction dampers, reduced structural dynamic response. These infill panels dissipated input earthquake energy from 4% to 10%, depending on their thickness.
Structural and Functional Characterization of Camelus dromedarius Glutathione Transferase M1-1

Glutathione transferases (GSTs; EC. 2.5.1.18) are a large family of multifunctional enzymes that play crucial roles in the metabolism and inactivation of a broad range of xenobiotic compounds. In the present work, we report the kinetic and structural characterization of the isoenzyme GSTM1-1 from Camelus dromedarius (CdGSTM1-1). The CdGSΤM1-1 was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and was purified by affinity chromatography. Kinetics analysis showed that the enzyme displays a relative narrow substrate specificity and restricted ability to bind xenobiotic compounds. The crystal structures of CdGSΤM1-1 were determined by X-ray crystallography in complex with the substrate (GSH) or the reaction product (S-p-nitrobenzyl-GSH), providing snapshots of the induced-fit catalytic mechanism. The thermodynamic stability of CdGSTM1-1 was investigated using differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) in the absence and in presence of GSH and S-p-nitrobenzyl-GSH and revealed that the enzyme’s structure is significantly stabilized by its ligands. The results of the present study advance the understanding of camelid GST detoxification mechanisms and their contribution to abiotic stress adaptation in harsh desert conditions.
American Enterprise in Foreign Markets: Studies of Singer and International Harvester in Imperial Russia by Fred V. Carstensen (review)

In 1914 the two largest firms in Russia were subsidiaries of American companies. Remarkably, they were almost as large as their parent companies, striking testimony to the potential of the underdeveloped Russian market. Fred Carstensen provides detailed histories of the movement of International Harvester and Singer into this new, profitable, and somewhat forbidding territory.Describing how both sales organizations evolved in Russia, Carstensen relates their development to overall company histories, worldwide growth, changing sales strategies and structures, recruitment and training of employees, and corporate leadership in America and abroad. He finds that both firms entered the Russian market because they needed new outlets to sustain high levels of production and sales. Although there are parallels in their experiences, Carstensen identifies how the responses of the two corporations differed, reflecting the varying strategies and perceptions of company management.Together the case studies provide a test for many of the supposed qualities and patterns of Russian economic history. Contrary to accounts of the experiences of other companies, these firms found the Russian market remarkably rich, developing a level of sales that might have surpassed the American market if war had not erupted. In contrast to the standard view of foreign enterprise, neither company came to Russia because of government invitation or influence but rather because of the intrinsic attractiveness of the markets, and neither firm found the government bureaucracy graft-ridden or the customers dishonest.Carstensen shows that International Harvester and Singer Sewing Machine clearly influenced Russia in a positive way. Both trained large numbers of Russians in modern industrial and marketing procedures and both provided an extraordinary volume of credit on comparatively easy terms to encourage purchase of their products. Indeed, the success of their approach suggests that Russian economic development may have been limited not by weak aggregate demand but by the relative absence of sources of credit.Originally published in 1984.A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
Computational Design of Miniproteins as SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutic Inhibitors

A rational therapeutic strategy is urgently needed for combating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viral infection initiates when the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) binds to the ACE2 receptor, and thus, inhibiting RBD is a promising therapeutic for blocking viral entry. In this study, the structure of lead antiviral candidate binder (LCB1), which has three alpha-helices (H1, H2, and H3), is used as a template to design and simulate several miniprotein RBD inhibitors. LCB1 undergoes two modifications: structural modification by truncation of the H3 to reduce its size, followed by single and double amino acid substitutions to enhance its binding with RBD. We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations supported by ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Complete binding profiles of all miniproteins with RBD have been determined. The MD investigations reveal that the H3 truncation results in a small inhibitor with a −1.5 kcal/mol tighter binding to RBD than original LCB1, while the best miniprotein with higher binding affinity involves D17R or E11V + D17R mutation. DFT calculations provide atomic-scale details on the role of hydrogen bonding and partial charge distribution in stabilizing the minibinder:RBD complex. This study provides insights into general principles for designing potential therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2.
Assessment of neonatal mortalities and stillbirths data quality in Offinso North District of Ghana

Background: Stillbirths and neonatal deaths when poorly documented or collated, negatively affect the quality of decision and interventions. This study sought to assess the quality of routine neonatal mortalities and stillbirth records in health facilities and propose interventions to improve the data quality gaps. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study was employed. This study was carried out at three (3) purposively selected health facilities in Offinso North district. Stillbirths and neonatal deaths recorded in registers from 2015 to 2017, were recounted and compared with monthly aggregated data and District Health Information Management System 2 (DHIMS 2) data using a self-developed Excel Data Quality Assessment Tool (DQS). An observational checklist was used to collect primary data on completeness and availability. Accuracy ratio (verification factor), discrepancy rate, percentage availability and completeness of stillbirths and neonatal mortality data were computed using the DQS tool. Findings: The results showed high discrepancy rate of stillbirth data recorded in registers compared with monthly aggregated reports (12.5%), and monthly aggregated reports compared with DHIMS 2 (13.5%). Neonatal mortalities data were under-reported in monthly aggregated reports, but over-reported in DHIMS 2. Overall data completeness was about 84.6%, but only 68.5% of submitted reports were supervised by facility in-charges. Delivery and admission registers availability were 100% and 83.3% respectively. Conclusion: Quality of stillbirths and neonatal mortality data in the district is generally encouraging, but are not reliable for decision-making. Routine data quality audit is needed to reduce high discrepancies in stillbirth and neonatal mortality data in the district.
Incidence of postoperative pain after single-visit and multiple-visit root canal therapy: A randomized controlled trial

Background : Short-term complications after root canal therapy (RCT) include mild pain or flare-up. Patients regard these complications as a benchmark for the assessment of clinician's abilities. In this context, the evidence for recommending either one- or two-visit RCT is not consistent. Aims : This study aims to compare the prevalence of postoperative pain and tenderness to percussion after single-visit (SV) versus two-visit RCT on the mandibular first molar. Materials and Methods : The study was registered with www.ctri. nic.in (CTRI/2019/05/019067). Seventy individuals requiring RCT on a mandibular first molar were selected and randomly ascribed to either single- (Group 1, n = 35) or two-visit RCT (Group 2, n = 35). Postoperative pain levels were assessed using heft parker visual analog scale. The treated teeth were appraised for tenderness to percussion after 1 week of obturation. Statistical Analysis : Thirty-four patients were evaluated in each group: One patient, each, dropped out from both the groups. The data analysis was done using Student's t-test and Chi-square test. Results and Conclusion : Pain score in multiple-visit (MV) was significantly higher than SV after 12- (P = 0.039) and 48 h (P = 0.043). Short-term postoperative pain was higher in MV than SV RCT of mandibular first molar teeth.
Syncytin, envelope protein of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV): no longer ‘fossil’ in human genome

ABSTRACT Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ‘fossil viruses’ that resulted from stable integrations of exogenous retroviruses throughout evolution. HERVs are defective and do not produce infectious viral particles. However, some HERVs retain a limited coding capacity and produce retroviral transcripts and proteins, which function in human developmental process and various pathologies, including many cancers and neurological diseases. Recently, it has been reported that HERVs are differently expressed in COVID-19 disease caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this review, we discuss the molecular structure and function of HERV ENV proteins, particularly syncytins, and their conventional roles in human development and diseases, and potential involvement in COVID-19 regarding the newly reported mental symptoms. We also address COVID-19 vaccine-related infertility concerns arising from the similarity of syncytin with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which have been proved invalid.
Metachronous ovarian carcinoma in patient with gastric neuroendocrine tumor diagnosed by 68Ga-DOTANOC and 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin, with cell proliferation marker Ki-67 <2%. The was to undergo surgery but elected to defer. A follow-up CT of the abdomen 4 years later revealed no significant change in the size, number, or morphology of the stomach lesions. The patient then presented with umbilical swelling 6 years after her initial diagnosis of gastric NET. A CT of the abdomen showed multiple intensely enhancing polypoidal masses in the stomach, a solid mass in the right adnexa, an umbilical nodule, multiple pelvic lesions and nodular thickened anterior peritoneal fold, and swelling of the bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. octreotide
Presence of an alien turtle accelerates hatching of common frog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles

The presence of a predator affects prey populations either by direct predation or by modifying various parts of their life history. We investigated whether the hatching time, developmental stage, and body size at hatching of common frog (Rana temporaria) embryos would be altered in the presence of a red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) as a predator. The presence of a predator affected all factors examined. We found that in the absence of the slider, the embryos hatched in 12 days, while hatching was accelerated by two days when sliders were present. At the same time, the embryos hatched smaller and at a lower stage of development with the slider than without it. Our study extends the range of predators studied, including the effect on different phases of development of potential amphibian prey.
A validation of large eddy simulation for complex urban environments

The use of large eddy simulation is becoming an important assessment tool in the field of atmospheric transport and dispersion in urban environments. This paper describes a massively parallel building airflow model which will eventually be able to investigate scale interactions of more than two orders of magnitudes. These scale interactions range from those of the typical feature on a building 0(2) meters to a larger horizontal extent of multiple buildings and a vertical extent that may extend to the atmospheric boundary layer height. The model has an advanced finite element construction which allows complex geometrical configurations to be modeled. We briefly describe the object-oriented construction of the model and show how it can be used to study turbulent airflow over an isolated cubic block. This study illustrates the ability of large eddy simulation to capture transient dynamics which are important to concerns of complex urban environments. We conclude with plans to extend this study to arrays of rectangular blocks which are more representative of the complexity often found in urban environments.
Physico-Chemical Profiles of Methamphetamine Tablets

Increases in abuse of methamphetamine tablets (known as "Yaba") have been reported throughout the past decade and today, the problem of methamphetamine abuse in Thailand is recognized as massive. It is accepted that Thailand is a major hub for drug trafficking and has the highest methamphetamine abuse rates in the world. Most methamphetamine samples collected in this region are in tablet form. Research into the tests, used in the legitimate pharmaceutical industry for quality assurance procedures, has resulted in an identification of various techniques applicable to the profiling of illicit drugs in tablet form. This opens the possibility that highly-detailed physical and chemical profiling of illicit methamphetamine tablets could be carried out with the resulting data which help identify the techniques of methamphetamine tablet manufacture in clandestine laboratories. This study investigated an in-vitro testing of physical and chemical properties of methamphetamine tablets. The goal of this study was to develop drug profile data which would be helpful to enhance the understanding of clandestine methamphetamine laboratories that spread throughout Thailand. Two-hundred-and-ninety-eight metham- phetamine tablet samples, seized by the police in the northern region of Thailand during the period October 2003 - May 2004 were used in this study. The samples display 7 kinds of logos. Regarding logos, wY predominated followed by wy, WY, R, Wy, OK and 888 in decreasing prevalence. The average weight of all samples was 0.0914 ± 0.007 gm. The average diameter was 6.019 ± 0.004 mm. The average thickness was 3.027 ± 0.136 mm. Average methamphetamine and caffeine content were 21.76 ± 6.39 mg % and 62.43 ± 9.15 mg %, respectively. Significant difference (p<0.05) in diameter of methamphetamine tablets was found between each logo, notably between wY logo and wy logo. Thus, it seems probable that these two logos come from different manufacturers. As wY logo and wy logo tablets are the most popular tablets found in this region, it could be that two separate logo-producing groups are in fact the main methamphetamine manufacturers, distributing methamphetamine tablets in this region: the United Wa State Army (UWSA) could be the main methamphetamine-producing group, followed by the Shan United Army (SUA) or the former Khun Sa Army.
Regression of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in a Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model by Monoclonal Antibodies against IL-12 p40 Monomer

Although some therapies are available for regular breast cancers, there are very few options for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we demonstrated that serum level of IL-12p40 monomer (p40) was much higher in breast cancer patients than healthy controls. On the other hand, levels of IL-12, IL-23 and p40 homodimer (p402) were lower in serum of breast cancer patients as compared to healthy controls. Similarly, human TNBC cells produced greater level of p40 than p402. The level of p40 was also larger than p402 in serum of a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model. Accordingly, neutralization of p40 by p40 mAb induced death of human TNBC cells and tumor shrinkage in PDX mice. While investigating the mechanism, we found that neutralization of p40 led to upregulation of human CD4+IFNγ+ and CD8+IFNγ+ T cell populations, thereby increasing the level of human IFNγ and decreasing the level of human IL-10 in PDX mice. Finally, we demonstrated the infiltration of human cytotoxic T cells, switching of tumor-associated macrophage M2 (TAM2) to TAM1 and suppression of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in tumor tissues of p40 mAb-treated PDX mice. Our studies identify a possible new immunotherapy for TNBC in which p40 mAb inhibits tumor growth in PDX mice.