Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical Period of Weed Competition in Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)

Crop-weed competition was studied to determine the critical period in cumin during winter seasons of 1996–97 and 1997–98 at the Research Farm of Agricultural Research Station, Jalore, Rajasthan. Chenopodium album L. , C. murale L. , Melilotus indica (L.) All. and Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. were the dominant weed species associated with the crop. Cumin seed yield loss increased with increase in the duration of crop-weed competition. Cumin seed yield increased significantly with the increase in initial duration of weed-free condition. Critical period of weed-free competition was found to be 22–39 days after sowing.
Analisis wacana warkah-warkah sosial Melayu tradisi abad ke-17 hingga ke-19 / Muhammad Hisyam Haliah

Kewujudan warkah sosial Melayu membuktikan wujudnya komunikasi yang merentas sempadan dalam kalangan masyarakat tempatan ataupun dengan pihak asing. Namun begitu, masyarakat kini masih memandang warkah Melayu sebagai sebuah teks biasa sahaja. Kewujudan warkah Melayu menggambarkan bahawa masyarakat Melayu mampu menghasilkan wacana tersendiri. Oleh itu, kajian ini untuk menganalisis satu daripada unsur wacana, iaitu dimensi tekstual dalam warkah sosial Melayu. Kajian dimensi tekstual yang merangkumi aspek struktur teks, kohesi, nahu, dan leksikalisasi memerihalkan teks dari segi bentuk dan makna. Kajian dimensi tekstual dapat membuktikan ketinggian nilai sesepucuk warkah sebagai dokumentasi peristiwa komunikatif masyarakat Melayu. Kajian ini melibatkan kaedah penyelidikan kepustakaan dan kaedah analisis teks. Sebanyak 21 pucuk warkah sosial Melayu yang diperturunkan daripada sumber sekunder dijadikan bahan kajian. Selaras dengan penggunaan pendekatan kualitatif, pengolahan data berdasarkan kerangka Konseptual Wacana Tiga Dimensi oleh Fairclough (1992&1995) dan hanya menfokuskan dimensi tekstual. Struktur teks warkah sosial Melayu memperlihatkan susunan yang berurutan, iaitu dimulai dengan kepala surat, cap, kata-kata pujian, kandungan, prapenutup, dan penutup. Proses tersebut mempunyai perkaitan antara satu sama lain sebagai sebuah kesatuan. Meskipun begitu, kewujudan variasi struktur menggambarkan bahawa komponen tersebut bukanlah bersifat mutlak. Aspek kohesi pula yang digambarkan oleh unsur rujukan, penggantian, elipsis, penghubung, pernyataan semula, dan kolokasi melihat hubungan semantik suatu unsur linguistik dengan unsur linguistik yang lain untuk melahirkan sebuah teks yang utuh. Pengaplikasian aspek nahu modaliti dalam wacana warkah bertindak sebagai unsur perintah dan informasi daripada pengirim kepada sasarannya. Modaliti menyerlahkan hubungan interpersonal daripada sikap pengirim terhadap sebarang pernyataan yang dilakukan. Penumpuan leksikalisasi metafora pula memanipulasikan sejumlah kata yang terangkum daripada satu domain kepada domain yang lain. Metafora tersebut melibatkan metafora perkembangan motor, metafora cinta, metafora pertanian, dan metafora nasib. Kesimpulannya, wacana warkah dapat menggambarkan peristiwa komunikatif dalam konteks ketika itu yang menyerlahkan jalinan makna ideasional, interpersonal, dan teks.
Regulation of meiotic crossover recombination in Caenorhabditis elegans

Crossover recombination provides a physical link between homologous chromosomes that is essential for meiotic chromosome segregation. Crossovers are initiated by SPO-11-dependant double-strand breaks (DSBs), which, if unrepaired, pose a hazard to genome stability. Thus, some organisms have multiple, compensatory repair pathways that ensure the repair of all DSBs formed during meiosis. Recent studies in C. elegans have identified two parallel pathways with partially overlapping resolvases that are each sufficient for crossover resolution in wild-type animals – one pathway uses XPF-1 and the other uses MUS-81. In this study, we investigate whether resolvase preference can be distinguished. We show that while XPF-1 and MUS-81 act interchangeably to resolve crossovers in wild-type animals, they become required under conditions that threaten chromosome integrity, whether from exposure ionizing radiation or reducing the concentration of condensin, a complex required for proper chromosome structure. We also show that two conditions which independently do not create a requirement for a particular resolvase can, when combined, generate a requirement. This indicates that crossover resolution pathways are influenced by factors that act in a combinatorial manner. Although resolvase dependence in irradiated and condensindepleted animals correlates with the extent of DNA damage, the absolute number of DSBs is not solely responsible for invoking a requirement. Thus, DSB repair pathway choice may generate different classes of crossover depending on the DSB provenance or cellular reactions to the inducing condition.
GenieHD: Efficient DNA Pattern Matching Accelerator Using Hyperdimensional Computing

DNA pattern matching is widely applied in many bioinformatics applications. The increasing volume of the DNA data exacerbates the runtime and power consumption to discover DNA patterns. In this paper, we propose a hardware-software co-design, called GenieHD, which efficiently parallelizes the DNA pattern matching task. We exploit brain-inspired hyperdimensional (HD) computing which mimics pattern-based computations in human memory. We transform inherent sequential processes of the DNA pattern matching to highly-parallelizable computation tasks using HD computing. The proposed technique first encodes the whole genome sequence and target DNA pattern to high-dimensional vectors. Once encoded, a light-weight operation on the high-dimensional vectors can identify if the target pattern exists in the whole sequence. We also design an accelerator architecture which effectively parallelizes the HD-based DNA pattern matching while significantly reducing the number of memory accesses. The architecture can be implemented on various parallel computing platforms to meet target system requirements, e.g., FPGA for low-power devices and ASIC for high-performance systems. We evaluate GenieHD on practical large-size DNA datasets such as human and Escherichia Coli genomes. Our evaluation shows that GenieHD significantly accelerates the DNA matching procedure, e.g., 44.4× speedup and 54.1× higher energy efficiency as compared to a state-of-the-art FPGA-based design.
SMALL MAMMALS IN AGRICULTURAL AREAS OF THE WESTERN LLANOS OF VENEZUELA: COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS, AND RELATIVE DENSITIES

Abstract We used mark–recapture and removal trapping during 37 months to examine structure of small-mammal assemblages in agricultural and pastoral areas on the western llanos of Venezuela. Among 34 sites sampled, species richness, diversity, population densities, and relative contribution to the assemblage by 10 rodent and 3 marsupial species varied by habitat or land-use category, major vegetative formation, and (within agricultural systems) crop species. Most habitat types, especially relatively uniform areas of mechanized agriculture, were numerically dominated by 2 rodents, Sigmodon alstoni and Zygodontomys brevicauda. Subsistence agriculture plots were more variable and had the highest species richness and diversity. Peridomestic habitats were dominated by Rattus rattus. In contrast to findings in agroecosystems in the United States and Argentina, relative densities were not lower in crop fields than in adjacent borders nor were there differences in the structure of the rodent assemblages. Captures of Heteromys anomalus, Oecomys speciosus, and Oecomys trinitatus document range extensions for these species on the western llanos.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION- AND ROW SPACING ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF FIELDPEAS

An experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 1996–97 and 1997–98 to study the effect of irrigation levels and row spacing on growth and yield of three newly evolved fieldpea genotypes. Application of irrigation significantly improved plant growth and yield. Plants spaced 20 cm x 10 cm had significantly higher plant height, seed and straw yield than 30 cm x 10 cm. Seed and straw yield were significantly higher in genotype HFP-8712 than genotypes HFP-8909 and HFP-4.
Symbiotic relationships between hydroids and bryozoans.

Hydroids have established several symbiotic relationships with bryozoans. The association with Bryozoa probably evolved independently within the Hydrozoa. In fact, three unrelated hydroid families, Lovenellidae, Cytaeididae and Pandeidae, have only one species each that is symbiotic with bryozoans, whereas the Zancleidae probably went through a wide radiation leading to specialized associations with the Bryozoa. The symbiosis with Hydrozoa is recorded in few bryozoan families: almost all zancleids are associated with species of the families Schizoporellidae, Phidoloporinidae and Lepraliellidae. Other families, extremely common both in tropical and temperate waters were never recorded in association with hydroids. The association between hydroids and bryozoans seems to require a high degree of specialization resulting in peculiar trophic strategies ranging from commensalism to parasitism and in morphological modifications as tentacle reduction and hydrorhiza covering by the bryozoan skeleton.
Control of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitor–Resistant Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) in Corn and Soybean1

Field experiments were conducted in 2001 and 2002 to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides on protoporphyrinogen oxidase (protox, EC 1.3.3.4) inhibitor–resistant common waterhemp in corn and soybean. All corn herbicides tested gave greater than 90% common waterhemp control by 8 wk after postemergence herbicide treatment (WAPT). In soybean, common waterhemp control was less than 40% by 8 WAPT with postemergence protox-inhibiting herbicides lactofen and acifluorfen. However, preemergence protox-inhibiting herbicides sulfentrazone and flumioxazin gave greater than 85% common waterhemp control in both years. The greatest common waterhemp control in soybean was with glyphosate alone, alachlor + metribuzin, alachlor followed by (fb) glyphosate, and S-metolachlor + metribuzin fb glyphosate. Nomenclature: Acifluorfen; alachlor; flumioxazin; glyphosate; lactofen; S-metolachlor; metribuzin; sulfentrazone; common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer #3 AMATA; corn, Zea mays L. # ZEAMX ‘RRX740RR’; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Asgrow 3701’. Additional index words: Acetochlor, ALS-resistance, atrazine, bromoxynil, carfentrazone, clomazone, clopyralid, dicamba, diflufenzopyr, dimethenamid-P, flumetsulam, glufosinate, halosulfuron-methyl, imazamox, imazaquin, imazethapyr, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, pendimethalin, primisulfuron-methyl, prosulfuron, protox-resistance, thifensulfuron-methyl. Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactate synthase; proto, protoporphyrin IX; protogen, protoporphyrinogen IX; protox, protoporphyrinogen oxidase; WAPT, weeks after postemergence herbicide treatment.
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF NEARCTIC COLYMBETINAE (COLEOPTERA: ADEPHAGA: DYTISCIDAE) BASED ON CHAETOTAXIC AND POROTAXIC ANALYSIS OF HEAD CAPSULE AND APPENDAGES OF LARVAE

Abstract An analysis of the primary setae and pores (campaniform sensilla) of first instars of 32 species of Colymbetinae, 61 species belonging to other dytiscid subfamilies, and seven species belonging to other families of Hydradephaga was performed to deduce the ancestral system of primary setae and pores of the head capsule and head appendages of Colymbetinae. Sixty-one setae and 46 pores have been assigned to the ground-plan pattern of the colymbetine larva, 27 setae and 20 pores on the head capsule and 34 setae and 26 pores on the cephalic appendages. The pattern proposed for the Colymbetinae is remarkably consistent and similar to the condition observed within the Carabidae. However, members of the Colymbetinae differ strongly from those of Hydroporinae which are characterized by several secondary losses. A preliminary phylogenetic reconstruction of the relationships of colymbetine genera studied based on 41 larval features suggests that the Nearctic fauna includes two monophyletic lineages: (1) (Agabus Leach + Ilybius Erichson) + Agabinus Crotch, and (2) {[Colymbetes Clairville + (Rhantus Dejean + Neoscutopterus Balfour-Browne)] + Matus Aubé}. Résumé Sur la base de l’analyse des soies et des pores primaires (sensilles campanoïformes) du premier stade larvaire de 32 espèces de Colymbetinae, de 61 espèces appartenant aux autres sous-familles de Dytiscidae et de sept espèces appartenant à diverses familles d’Hydradephaga, le système ancestral des soies et des pores primaires de la capsule et des appendices céphaliques est élaboré. Soixante et une soies et 46 pores ont été incorporés dans le système ancestral de la larve de Colymbetinae : 27 soies et 20 pores sur la capsule céphalique et 34 soies et 26 pores sur les appendices céphaliques. Si le système ancestral proposé pour les Colymbetinae s’est révélé très semblable à celui des Carabidae, il se distingue, par ailleurs, de celui des Hydroporinae qui est caractérisé par plusieurs pertes secondaires. Une phylogénie provisoire des genres de Colymbetinae étudiés est proposée à partir de l’analyse de 41 caractères larvaires. Dans l’état actuelle des connaissances, il est suggéré que les Colymbetinae d’Amérique du Nord forment deux lignées évolutives distinctes : (1) (Agabus Leach + Ilybius Erichson) + Agabinus Crotch, and (2) {[Colymbetes Clairville + (Rhantus Dejean + Neoscutopterus Balfour-Browne)] + Matus Aube}.
Divergent breeding values for fatness or residual feed intake in Angus cattle. 5. Cow genotype affects feed efficiency and maternal productivity

Cow bodyweight gain, calf weaning weight, feed intake and maternal productivity of 500 Angus cows, in 64 replicate groups, were measured over three parities at two locations (Struan and Vasse) as part of the Beef CRC Maternal Productivity Project. The cows were sourced as heifers from the top and bottom 10% of BREEDPLAN Rib Fat EBV (High-Fat and Low-Fat), and from High and Low residual feed intake (RFI) selection lines (High-RFI and Low-RFI). Each of the four genotypes were run under High- and Low-Nutrition (measured as feed on offer) at both sites. The High-Fat cows were 7% more efficient at producing weaner calves under Low-Nutrition than were the Low-Fat cows. This was driven primarily by the 4% difference between the lines in weaning rate. When weaning rate differences were accounted for (as covariate), there was no difference between the Fat lines in the efficiency of weaner weight production. When the weight gain of the cow was included as an output in addition to calf weaning weight, there was also no difference between the Fat lines in efficiency. Low-RFI cows were always more efficient at producing weaner calves than were the High-RFI cows. This was primarily driven through a 7% reduction in annual feed intake (across both nutrition treatments). However, the Low-RFI cows were leaner, had 6.3% lower weaning rate and calved on average 5.4 days later than did the High-RFI cows. Furthermore, the largest differences in feed intake were in spring when feed availability is greatest. In the context of the results herein, a balanced breeding program should include selection for improved reproduction and low RFI.
Untangling the influence of ecological and evolutionary factors on trait variation across hummingbird assemblages

Phylogenetic community ecology combines phylogenetic hypotheses with local species composition and functional-trait information to evaluate historical and contemporary mechanisms influencing local assemblage structure. Most studies assume that, if functional traits are conserved, then patterns of trait variation should match patterns of phylogenetic structure within local assemblages. Here we evaluated if we could predict trait structure by assuming that environmental filtering or biotic interactions work primarily on phylogenetically conserved functional traits. We investigated patterns of phylogenetic assemblage structure and functional-trait variation in bill length, wing length, and body mass in 236 hummingbird assemblages (126 species) across two major gradients in northern South America: elevation and precipitation. While mean trait values for assemblages vary predictably based on empirical knowledge of hummingbird biology, the distribution of trait values within assemblages do not correspond to tho.
Natal dispersal of European hare in France

Dispersal is a fundamental process with wide-ranging evolutionary and management consequences. To date, natal dispersal has never been described for the polygynous-promiscuous European hare Lepus europaeus. Using telemetry, we investigated the natal dispersal pattern in two zones that differed in hunting pressure and hare density. We quantified both the natal dispersal rates and distances using 84 juvenile hares. We tested for the influence of several factors (age, sex, density and period of the year) on these two variables. Overall, the mean dispersal rate was 43% and the median natal dispersal distances were 209 m for philopatric hares and 1615 m for dispersers. The maximum distance moved was 17.35 km. Natal dispersal rates were higher in the hunting zone with less density for both males and females, but males dispersed more frequently than females in the two zones although females moved over longer distances. Natal dispersal occurred preferentially between 4 and 6 months of age. This very fine description of the natal dispersal pattern allowed us to make inferences about both the evolutionary and proximate causes of natal dispersal. We also advocate that more attention should be paid to dispersal in studies on hare dynamics and on the conception of hare management, because dispersal seems to be more common than previously thought.
Tolerance of Turf-type Tall Fescue Established from Seed to Postemergence Applications of Mesotrione and Quinclorac

Research was conducted to evaluate the tolerance of tall fescue to mesotrione applied during establishment from seed. Nine field studies were conducted over a 3-year period (2004-2006) near Knoxville, Tenn. , to evaluate the tolerance of seedling tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub] to mesotrione and quinclorac. The first evaluated tall fescue tolerance to single and sequential applications of mesotrione compared with quinclorac (multiple application study). The second evaluated the timing of mesotrione application on tall fescue injury and establishment (timing study). In the multiple application study, all treatments injured tall fescue 23% or less. Quinclorac reduced tall fescue groundcover up to 17% 63 days after emergence (DAE). Mesotrione at 0.28 kg·ha -1 applied 28 and 42 DAE or 14, 28, and 42 DAE decreased groundcover only 4% and 6% 63 DAE. In the timing study, mesotrione at 0.28 kg·ha -1 applied at 7 and 28 DAE injured tall fescue 17% to 21% 7 and 14 days after application; however, injury subsided to less than 10% by 28 days after application. Only mesotrione at 0.28 kg·ha -1 applied 7 DAE resulted in delayed tall fescue groundcover at 70 DAE. Variation was observed in Fall 2005 evaluations compared with other evaluations, which may be attributable to delayed seeding date and cool, wet conditions.
Sexual Dimorphism and Allometric Size Variation in a Population of Grass Snakes (Natrix natrix) in Southern England

Abstract Sexual dimorphism is widespread in animals, either because of sexual selection or ecological divergence between the sexes. In natricine snakes, for example, females are usually larger than males and have larger heads and shorter tails relative to body length. Grass Snakes (Natrix natrix) near Canterbury, U.K., generally proved to be typical natricines in these respects. Most differences between the sexes were apparent at hatching, rather than being confined to adults, but there was no evidence that the sexes differed in allometry. Despite high r2-values, allometry of relationships of body mass, head width, and tail length with body length were not satisfactorily explained by linear regressions (using log-transformed data). Rather, both polynomial and piecewise regressions provided better fits, suggesting that allometric coefficients were not constant but varied with body size. Nonetheless, all analyses were in agreement that small snakes had relatively heavier bodies and wider heads than large snakes. How general such patterns are, and their ecological significance, remain to be determined.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF POLISH YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA STRAINS ISOLATED FROM PIGS TO 12 β-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS

The aim of the study was to assess the susceptibility of 103 Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs in Poland in the years 2000–2007 to 12 β-lactam antibiotics. The in vitro susceptibility of the bacteria to seven selected cephalosporins of all generations and to five penicillins was tested by means of a disk diffusion method following the criteria and recommendations provided by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The strains varied greatly in regard to their in vitro susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics. The strains were found to be relatively highly susceptible to the third and fourth generation cephalosporins, while being generally resistant to the first generation cephalosporins and most penicillins. Taking into account the wide spread of Y. enterocolitica, in particular in the pig population, but also among other animal species, which creates an increasing risk to the public health, it is deemed necessary to systematically monitor the susceptibility of Y. enterocolitica strains to antibiotics.
Role of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle during senescence and programmed cell death in Phaseolus cotyledons.

Programmed cell death is an integral part of normal plant development including leaf senescence. This study investigated the response of some component of ascorbate-glutathione cycle, chlorophylls.a & b, protein content, and membrane leakage during the developmental stages of Phaseolus cotyledons from imbibition till cotyledon death. It was found that during cotyledon senescence, lipid peroxidation increased while the enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants were decreased, particularly at the final stage (cotyledon death). Moreover, chlorophylls a & b and protein contents were decreased. It could be concluded that natural senescence of Phaseolus cotyledons exhibited a pattern of programmed cell death underlined by increase in membrane leakage levels. KEY WORDS: chlorophylls, protein, membrane leakage, development, Phaseolus vulgaris Egyptian Journal of Biology Vol.4 2002: 7-13
PINK1, a gene product of PARK6, accumulates in α-synucleinopathy brains

α-Synucleinopathy is an entity of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), that involves accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain. PINK1 (PTEN induced kinase 1) is a novel gene recently identified as causative in autosomal recessive early onset parkinsonism (PARK6). In the present study, we examined the localisation of PINK1 in the brains of patients with α-synucleinopathy and found PINK1 in glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) in MSA, as well as in Lewy bodies (LBs) in PD and DLB. These findings imply that PINK1 may be involved in the formation of LBs and GCIs, suggesting that PINK1 is one of the major pathological proteins in α-synucleinopathy. The cDNA of PINK1, corresponding to 112–520 amino acids of the protein, was subcloned in a vector pET30(a) with a His tag. Anti-PINK1 antibody was generated against recombinant His tagged PINK1 by immunising a rabbit. The obtained antibody was affinity purified. A postmortem brain sample from a normal patient was homogenised, subjected to sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to a membrane. After blocking in Tris buffered saline with 5% dry milk, the membrane was incubated with anti-PINK1 antibody (1:1000). The membrane was then incubated with a secondary antibody (1:2500; Amersham, Buckinghamshire, UK), and visualised with an enhanced chemiluminescent substrate (Pierce, Rockford, Illinois, USA). Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out with paraffin embedded midbrain sections from patients with sporadic PD, …