Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mass Spectrometry of Inulin Hydrolyzate Prepared Using Subcritical Water

In order to establish the industrial production of difructose anhydride III (DFA III) from inulin using subcritical water, we investigated the effect of subcritical water phases (5 preset temperature: 150, 155, 160, 165, 170 ℃ , pressure: 3.0-5.0 MPa) on hydrolysis of inulin. The inulin hydrolyzate components determined by mass spectrometry were difructose anhydrides (DFAs) including DFA III, monosaccharides and oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (DPs) of 2-12. The DPs of oligosaccharides prepared at 165 and 170 ℃ were 2-4 and those at 150, 155 and 160 ℃ were 2-12. Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural were also detected in the inulin hydrolyzate by UV-Vis spectrometry. The optimum temperature for converting inulin to DFA III was temperature of 160-165 ℃ , pressure of 3.0-5.0 MPa. This study showed a potential of formation of DFA III from inulin under these subcritical water phases.
Cranioplasty using Titanium Mesh Versus Acrylic Bone Cement: Short-term Outcomes and Complications

Background: Cranioplasty is a reconstructive procedure to restore bone anatomy and repair skull defects. Optimum reconstruction could be a challenge for neurosurgeons, and therefore the strategy to attain the ideal result remains a subject of discussion. Aim: we aimed at comparing two completely different prostheses in reconstructing calvarial bone defects, titanium mesh and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. We looked for the differences in the cosmetic and functional outcomes as well as the prosthesis-related complications. Patients and Methods: This was a randomized prospective study on the first forty successive adult patients with calvarial skull defects of different etiologies, sites and sizes admitted and operated upon at neurosurgery department, Minia University hospital between January 2017 and December 2018. We divided patients into 2 groups, Group1: 20 patients were operated upon using Titanium mesh and Group 2: 20 patients were operated upon using (PMMA) acrylic bone cement implants. Results: Regarding cosmetic appearance, functional outcome, and improvement of the clinical symptoms (syndrome of trephined), Cranioplasty using titanium mesh and acrylic bone cement proved to have nonsignificant differences in the reconstruction of calvarial skull defects of different etiologies. However, there is a statistically significant difference between both materials regarding complications especially with large skull defects (≥25 cm 2 ). Conclusion: there is no statistical difference between both materials regarding cosmetic and functional outcomes. However, large bone defects (≥25 cm 2 ) are better treated with titanium mesh due to lower incidence of complications.
Sensitivity of the Baltic Sea Overturning Circulation to Long‐Term Atmospheric and Hydrological Changes

The sensitivity of the overturning circulation in the Baltic Sea is analyzed with respect to long-term changes in atmospheric and hydrological conditions by using two state-of-the-art ocean circulation models: RCO (Rossby Centre Ocean model) with a reference simulation and various sensitivity experiments as well as MOM (Modular Ocean Model). Historical reconstructions since 1850 lasting for more than 150 years are considered in order to identify coherences between the overturning stream function and surface wind, river runoff, major Baltic inflows, salinity and water temperature. Long-term time series are evaluated statistically for several sub-basins of the Baltic Sea for the two different models and for the sensitivity experiments concerning the inter-annual, multi-decadal, and centennial variability. We found that the simulated overturning circulation has a response time scale with respect to wind or runoff of around 30 years. The overturning circulation will decrease basin-wide under anomalous wind conditions which hamper the deep water flow within the Baltic Sea, under a warmer climate or when river runoff increases. However, a global sea level rise would reinforce the overturning circulation. Overall, multi-decadal variations of the overturning circulation are anti-correlated to and caused by the wind parallel to the cross-section of the overturning circulation. They are not caused by river runoff and the coherence with major Baltic inflows is small. Hence, the overturning circulation does not act as a good proxy for major Baltic inflows. river runoff, and sea level. Changes in wind or runoff affect the circulation after ~30 years in both models. The circulation reinforces when global sea level rises, but it decreases when the wind hampers the water mass exchange with the North Sea, when river runoff increases or under warmer climate. These counteracting responses allow no clear projection of the future overturning circulation of the Baltic Sea. Overall we found that pronounced 30-years variations of this circulation are caused by wind hampering surface water outflow of the Baltic Sea but not by river runoff and only little by saltwater inflows.
Day‐to‐Day Variability of Diurnal Tide in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Driven From Below

The migrating diurnal tide (DW1) is one of the dominant wave motions in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. It plays a crucial role in neutral atmosphere and ionosphere coupling. The DW1 can vary over a range of time scales from days to years. While the long‐term variability of the DW1 is mainly attributed to the source and background atmosphere variability, the driving mechanism of short‐term DW1 variability is still openly debated. Herein the daily structure of the DW1 is extracted from observations using a novel multi‐satellite estimation technique and compared with model simulations (NOGAPS‐ALPHA and WACCM‐X). Both the observations and the models show that the day‐to‐day variability of the DW1 is a persistent and ubiquitous feature. The standard deviation peak of DW1 amplitudes, which is used to measure the maximum variability, is generally aligned with the DW1 amplitude peak. This result indicates that the day‐to‐day variability of the DW1 reflects global‐scale changes rather than local excitation of diurnal oscillation. The spatial lag‐correlation analysis of the diurnal (1,1) and (1,2) Hough modes suggests that the day‐to‐day variability of the diurnal (1,1) Hough mode is likely driven by variability in the lower atmosphere and the source of day‐to‐day variability of the (1,2) mode is uncertain. The significant correlation of the DW1 day‐to‐day variability between the NOGAPS‐ALPHA and the multi‐satellite estimation techniques also indicates that the model is capable of reproducing the DW1 structure on a daily basis.
Self-medication practice and associated socio-demographic variables among adult in Morang district of Miklajung rural municipality

Background: Self-medication is the selection and use of medicine to treat self-recognized illness. The study’s main purpose was to evaluate the self-medication practice and its associated socio-demographic factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in the Miklajung rural municipality of Morang district. A total of 408 households were selected by systematic random sampling. Participants from age 19-59 years old who had self-medicated for acute diseases in the last three months were included in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used as a tool to collect information regarding self-medication. All data extracted from questionnaires were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20, for the association chi-square test was done.Results: The overall prevalence of self-medication practice in last three months was 61.5%. The most common acute disease for self-medication was common cold 70.5%. More than 50 % of participants had used painkillers as medicine which was brought from the pharmacy, and the source of information on medicine was obtained from pharmacists. The main reason for self-medication practice was due to respondents perceiving illness as minor and cost of health services. The self-medication practice was found associated with occupation, marital status and wealth quintile with p value 0.01, 0.04 and 0.02 respectively.Conclusions: The study revealed a high prevalence of self-medication practice among the adult. There was an association between self-medication practice and socio-demographic factors. People should be educated about the risk and benefit of self-medication practice.
The Kulish-Sklyanin type hierarchy and spectral curves

A poorly studied version of the three-component vector nonlinear Schrodinger equation, called the Kulish-Sklyanin model, is considered. Using the Dubrovin method, we obtain recurrent relations that allow us to obtain all equations from the corresponding hierarchy. The first two equations of the Kulish-Sklyanin hierarchy are found. It follows from these equations that the Kulish-Sklyanin model is associated with a rather non-trivial nonlinear interaction of the solution components. In particular, it is shown that the behavior of the third component of the solution of equations from the Kulish-Sklyanin hierarchy is completely determined by the parameters of the other two components. The equation of the spectral curve of the solution in the form of a plane wave is obtained.
Scaffolding as a strategy to help student difficulties in proving group problems

This study aims to describe the use of scaffolding as a teaching strategy in helping students difficulties in proving group problems. To achieve that goal, learning is done with scaffolding strategies on group topics. Then the problem proving test is given on a group topic, then the interview is based on the student’s proof answers. For this reason, this research is qualitative descriptive research. The subjects were students of Unirow Tuban Mathematics education who were taking Algebra Structure Courses. Scaffolding strategy design refers to the mapping of proof indicators, and the level of scaffolding developed by [1] explaining, reviewing and restructuring, and developing conceptual thinking, then associated with the scaffolding strategy developed by [2], including offering explanations, inviting student participation, verifying and clarifying student understanding, modeling desired behavior, and inviting students to contribute instructions. To explore the ability to prove, interview guidelines refer to indicators of construction proof. The results showed that the ability of students in the initial steps of proof, proof of flow, using related concepts, the argument of proof, and the language of proof had a very good increase. So the ability of students to prove after using a strategy to pursue scaffolding has increased. The implication of scaffolding as a strategy becomes an alternative teaching choice in abstract algebra subjects.
The effect of corporate governance and financial leverage on efficiency of Pakistan textile sector

This research observes the effect of corporate governance and financial leverage on the efficiency of listed companies in Pakistan. The variables return on assets and return on equity are chosen as the firm’s efficiency of the textile sector for this research. Measures of corporate governance used are board size, director’s remuneration, and Audit committee members, whereas financial leverage is used as a control variable. The data of corporate governance, financial leverage, and efficiency variable are composed of annual reports of the top ten listed textile companies from Karachi stock exchange. The research consists of the period from 2012 to 2017. Panel data is used to examine four hypotheses and to test the significance of corporate governance and financial leverage on a firm's performance the OLS regression models are applied. The finding of this study revealed that board size, audit committee, director's remuneration is positively correlated with a firm's performance ROA and ROE, and conversely, financial leverage is negatively correlated with a firm's performance. Overall regression result of this study discovered that the audit committee members and financial leverage are statistically insignificant, whereas board size and director’s remuneration are statistically positive significant. This concludes that there is no significant association between corporate governance and firm’s performance as well as financial leverage with the firm's performance. The sample size of this study was small and this research is limited to the textile sector of Pakistan. Future researchers may have included more determinants of corporate governance such as women on board, board meeting, family ownership structure, etc.
Unraveling the genetic variability of host resilience to endo and ectoparasites under natural infestation, in Nellore cattle

Background: Host resilience (HR) to parasites can affect growth in pastured raised cattle. This study is a detailed investigation of the genetic mechanisms of HR to ticks (TICK), gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), and Eimeria spp. (EIM) under natural infestation. HR was defined as the slope coefficient of random regression models of body weight (BW) when TICK, GIN, and EIM burdens were used as environmental gradients. The BW was evaluated in five measurement events (ME): when animals were 331, 385, 443, 498, and 555 days old on average. 7307 BW records were available from 1712 animals weighted at least in one ME. Out of those, 1075 animals had valid genotypic information after quality control analysis that were used in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and GWAS meta-analyses to identify genomic regions associated with HR. Results: Both the genetic correlations between intercept and HR to each parasite, and the genetic correlations between BW measured in animals submitted to different parasite burden indicated that there was genotype x parasite burden interaction for BW, and selection for BW under environment with controlled parasite burden might be an efficient strategy to improve both, BW and HR. Furthermore, there was no impact of age of measurement on genetic variance estimates for HR to different parasites. However, genetic correlation between HR to the same parasite measured in different ages ranged from low to moderate in magnitude, with a posteriori means (high posterior density interval with 90% of samples) varying from 0.13 (-0.05; 0.35) to 0.40 (0.15; 0.63) for TICK, from 0.11 (-0.06; 0.29) to 0.52 (0.37; 0.67) for GIN and from 0.25 (0.07; 0.43) to 0.56 (0.34; 0.77) for EIM. These results indicate the importance of age of measurement in studies on HR. Conclusions: HR to GIN and EIM can be used as a complementary tool to parasitic control management, and a multiple trait selection method that combine BW and HR to parasites should be used in parasitic endemic areas to avoid economic losses due parasitic diseases.
Distortions from regular geometry in substituted paranitroanilines : crystal and molecular structures of (I) N,N-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitroaniline, (II) N-methyl-2,4,6-trinitroaniline, (III) 3-trifluoromethyl-2,4,6-trinitroaniline, (IV) 3,5-dihydroxy-2,4,6-trinoaniline, (V) 3-methoxy-2,4,6-trinitroanil

The crystal and molecular structures of seven 2,4,6-trinitro derivatives of aniline have been determined. Molecule I crystallizes as discrete molecules, while the others are involved in strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Molecules II through VII are involved in strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between amine and neighboring nitro groups.
Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Its Mitigation Strategies: A Review

Climate change is a global threat to the food and nutritional security of the world. As greenhouse-gas emissions in the atmosphere are increasing, the temperature is also rising due to the greenhouse effect. The average global temperature is increasing continuously and is predicted to rise by 2 °C until 2100, which would cause substantial economic losses at the global level. The concentration of CO2, which accounts for a major proportion of greenhouse gases, is increasing at an alarming rate, and has led to higher growth and plant productivity due to increased photosynthesis, but increased temperature offsets this effect as it leads to increased crop respiration rate and evapotranspiration, higher pest infestation, a shift in weed flora, and reduced crop duration. Climate change also affects the microbial population and their enzymatic activities in soil. This paper reviews the information collected through the literature regarding the issue of climate change, its possible causes, its projection in the near future, its impact on the agriculture sector as an influence on physiological and metabolic activities of plants, and its potential and reported implications for growth and plant productivity, pest infestation, and mitigation strategies and their economic impact.
Mitogenomic Diversity and Maternal Origins of Yak (Bos Grunniens)

Background and aim: Mitochondrial genome has the characteristics of simple structure, no recombination, maternal inheritance, high conservation, fast evolution, and high copy number. It is easy to sequence, contains high resolution phylogenetic information, and exists in a wide range of taxa. Theref ore, it is widely used in the study of biological phylogeny. At present, phylogenetic studies focus mainly on D loop region, cytochrome b gene, and protein coding sequence; phylogenetic studies using the mitochondrial complete sequence are rare. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct phylogenetic experiments using the mitochondrial complete sequence and compare the results with previous findings obtained using partial sequences. Results: Complete mitochondrial sequences of five yak populations from Qinghai and Xinjiang were obtained. The haplotype diversity of the five populations were Xueduo yak (0.992 ± 0.015), Pamir yak (0.990 ± 0.014), Yushu yak (0.963 ± 0.033), Qilian yak (0.948 ± 0.036), and Huanhu yak (0.905 ± 0.048), which showed a higher haplotype diversity compared with other breeds. A total of 78 haplotypes were obtained from 111 individuals. Among these, Yushu yak, Huanhu yak, Xueduo yak, and Qilian yak all shared haplotypes, but the Pamir yak did not share haplotypes with these four populations. Phylogenetic analysis showed that yak populations were separable into three distinct branches. The analysis identified a new phylogenetic branch with both wild and domestic yaks being represented in the new branch. The 155 haplotypes were divided into 6 haplotype groups by haplotype clustering. The haplotype group had nothing to do with the morphological group of yaks, and yaks from the same population or the same ecological group were distributed in different haplotype groups. The four haplotype groups A, B, C, and D, showed a star-shaped distribution of haplotypes. The central haplotypes were widely distributed and had a high frequency Conclusions: T he genetic diversity of yaks in Qinghai was high. Both domestic and wild yaks exhibited three different mat ernal origins. Three different maternal origins existed in ancient wild yaks before domestication, with haplogroup A being the primary haplogroup associated with yak domestication.
Lived Experiences of Women of Color in Education

By building upon previous research of women of color in academia, this article focuses on the lived experiences and narratives of two faculty members. Their stories are presented as case studies which explicate the distinct difference between reading and researching poverty and having experiential knowledge of this circumstance. The first narrative presents a scholar from a farmworker background who understands and has lived in poverty. Because of this background, she is able to apply her own community cultural wealth to her work in education. The second narrative depicts a scholar with a rich academic background that did not have the opportunity to engage fully with her research agenda. Her life in academia was very rich and she was able to help many students, schools and communities. However, she was forced to set aside her dreams of conducting in depth research of the issues confronted by her underserved community.
Composite of DGEBA/TBA epoxy blend and amine-functionalized carbon nanotube: Structural, thermal, nonflammability, and EMI shielding studies

ABSTRACT Novel blend of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) and tetrabromo bisphenol-A (TBA) was reinforced with acid-functionalized (MWCNT-F) and amine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-A). DGEBA/MWCNT-A displayed fine tubular morphology with open nanotube ends, while DGEBA/TBA/MWCNT-A displayed somewhat aggregated morphology due to lesser filler content. DGEBA/TBA/MWCNT-A system showed maximum enhancement in decomposition temperature (T0 = 404°C, Tmax = 583°C). Glass transition temperature and Limiting oxygen index of DGEBA/TBA/MWCNT-A were also higher (221°C and 55%) compared with other systems. DGEBA/TBA/CNT-A 0.1 had crystalline morphology with diffractions at 12.7° and 26.09°. Novel nanocomposite revealed EMI shielding effectiveness of ∼15.05–15.18 dB, i.e., suitable for aerospace applications.
Investigation of non-standard unbound granular materials under cyclic loads: experimental and regression analyses

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the potential use of non-standard unbound granular material (UGM) as pavement granular materials. Repeated load triaxial (RLT) tests were performed on several non-standard UGM samples to evaluate the performance as base course material for low volume traffic pavements. The laboratory test results showed that non-standard UGM samples performed better or comparable to the performance of conventional base course material in terms of permanent deformation (PD) and resilient modulus (MR). Based on these results, it would be viable to consider non-standard UGM as base course material to reduce the utilisation of conventional material and promote sustainability. In the second phase of the study, regression models for PD and MR from the literature have been evaluated to fit the laboratory test response of the non-standard UGMs. The results of the regression analyses indicated that including the bulk stresses as a prediction factor in the new developed constitutive models improved the prediction accuracy with R2 between 0.90 and 0.99. Furthermore, MEPDG model was able to successfully predict MR observed from laboratory results. Based on the results of MR regression analyses, it would be fair to state that MEPDG model can be successfully implemented in Australian pavement design method.
Multiplanar Computed Tomographic Analysis of Frontal Cells According to International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification and Their Relation to Frontal Sinusitis

Background: This study explored the prevalence of frontal cells and the relationship between different types of frontal cells classified using the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) and frontal sinusitis. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 1006 CT scans of paranasal sinuses. Identification of frontal sinus cells was based on IFAC. The scans were classified into no frontal sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, isolated frontal sinusitis, no sinusitis. Results: Agger nasi cells were the most common (91.9%). The prevalence of supra agger cell (SAC) was 28.7%, while the supra agger frontal cell (SAFC) was only 15.8%, the supra bulla cell (SBC) was 59.7%, the supra bulla frontal cell (SBFC) was 25.8%. Supra orbital ethmoid cell (SOEC) and frontal septal cell (FSC) were identified in 6.9% and 14.3% of the cases, respectively. Patients with SAFCs and SBFCs were significantly more likely to develop frontal sinusitis (Odds Ratio (OR)=1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–2.56 and OR=2.70, 95% CI 1.98–3.66). Isolated frontal sinusitis was found in 10 scans and was associated with the presence of SAC (OR=3.76, 95% CI 1.02–13.90). Conclusion: In Vietnamese adult patients, frontal cells based on IFAC were prevalent and were associated with frontal sinusitis development, including isolated frontal sinusitis.