Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modification of the LM unit root test

This article proposes a modified version of the Langrange Multiplier (LM) test for a unit root, which is efficient and avoids arbitrary estimation of the levels regression intercept. If required, this intercept can be estimated indirectly in the second-step autoregression. In addition to simple-hypothesis LM unit root tests, a new F-type version of the test is proposed, which is based on a joint hypothesis. Parametric augmentation is discussed in detail, and simulated new critical values are provided.
Sorption Characteristics of Organic Powder Sorption Material in Fluidized Bed with a Cooling Pipe

The dynamic sorption characteristics of organic sorbent materials have been studied by using fluidized bed with a cooling pipe. The organic powder type sorbent made from a bridged complex of sodium polyacrylate which is one of the sorption polymers is adopted in this study. Sorption rate of water vapor and the variation of temperature in the sorbent bed with time were measured under various conditions. As a result, sorption ratio increases and the completion time for the sorption process decreases by using a cooling pipe. Furthermore, the non-dimensional correlation equations were obtained for water vapor mass transfer under sorption process in terms of relevant non-dimensional parameters.
The existence of an intermediate phase for the contact process on trees

Let T d be a homogeneous tree in which every vertex has d neighbors. A new proof is given that the contact process on T d exhibits two phase transitions when d ≥ 3, a behavior which distinguishes it from the contact process on Z n . This is the first proof which does not involve calculation of bounds on critical values, and it is much shorter than the previous proof for the binary tree, T 3 . The method is extended to prove the existence of an intermediate phase for a more general class of trees with exponential growth and certain symmetry properties, for which no such result was previously known.
Metal abundances of Draco and eight galactic globular clusters

Photometric metal abundances of individual giants in the Draco galaxy and eight globular clusters have been obtained using the C, M, T$sub 1$, T$sub 2$ photometric system. This new broad-band system was designed specifically for photometric abundance determinations of G and K giants. The results show that Fe/ H=-3.0 for the Draco giants, much lower than M92. M22 is metal-deficient, Fe/H=- 2.0, in agreement with its horizontal-branch morphology, but inconsistent with the slope of the red-giant branch. Fe/H of NGC 4147 and NGC 7006 is similar to M22.
Molecular line emission from circumstellar disks

Calculations of the molecular line emission from circumstellar disks around young stars show the transitions of CO and its common isotopes 13 CO and C 18 O to have typical line-center optical depths between 100 and 1000. The line emission reflects the temperature distribution within the disks and not the mass distribution as previously suggested. The 13 CO line fluxes from the HL Tau and two similar stars show that the outer disk temperatures are, indeed, higher than expected for normal accretion disks, as inferred from far-infrared continuum data
Electrodeposition of soft, high moment Co–Fe–Ni thin films

The electrodeposition of Co–Fe–Ni films from electrolytes without additives and their magnetic and structural properties in the as-deposited and vacuum annealed states are reported. Co52Fe26Ni22 alloy films exhibit a saturation magnetization Bs of 20 kG, coercivity Hc around 1 Oe, resistivity of 22 μΩ cm and saturation magnetostriction of about 10−6. Crystalline structure from bcc to fcc changes with increasing Ni content; films with best soft magnetic properties are obtained when bcc and fcc structures coexist. Varying electrolyte formulation or using pulse plating, the deposition parameters which yield optimum soft magnetic properties vary, but alloy composition and crystalline structure of optimum films are unchanged. dc plated films exhibit Ni enrichment at the interface in a region of about 1 μm thickness. Easy axis annealing in a vacuum of 10−7 Torr at 200–280 °C for 30 min decreases Hc and slightly decreases the anisotropy field. Annealing, however, does not change Bs, crystalline structure or latt.
Walters on Conjunction Conditionalization

This discussion note examines a recent argument for the principle that any counterfactual with true components is itself true. That argument rests upon two widely accepted principles of counterfactual logic to which the paper presents counterexamples. The conclusion speculates briefly upon the wider lessons that philosophers should draw from these examples for the semantics of counterfactuals.
Contingency Table Models for Assessing Item Bias

Two strategies for assessing item bias are discussed: Methods based on Itemx Group interaction and methods that compare the probabilities of a correct response for different groups conditional on ability level. In latent trait models, correct response probabilties are compared conditional on latent ability; inScheuneman’s (1979) method these probabilities are compared conditional on the observed test score. Scheuneman’s method is modified to fit the general theory of loglinear and logit models for contingency tables. A distinction is made between uniform and nonuniform item bias, and a method to assess item bias and distinguish between uniform and nonuniform bias is described. Data reported by Scheuneman are used to demonstrate the method in detail; the differences obtained with Scheuneman’s method are discussed. In addition, the method is applied to two tests administered byvan der Flier (1980) in Kenya and Tanzania, and the results are compared to those obtained with Scheuneman’s approach.
A Potential Vorticity-Based Study of the Role of Diabatic Heating and Friction in a Numerically Simulated Baroclinic Cyclone

Abstract A particularly intense case of western Atlantic baroclinic cyclogenesis was investigated in this study. Specifically, the roles of latent heat of condensation and surface friction were examined from the potential vorticity or “PV thinking” perspective. The methodology used for this study involves three key components: 1) a full-physics mesoscale model, which provides a continuous and dynamically consistent dataset and provides full user control over physical processes; 2) a partitioned PV integration, which temporally integrates the accumulation of PV due to various physical processes in the model's Eulerian framework: and 3) the piecewise inversion method of Davis and Emanuel, which calculates the balanced wind and mass field associated with particular PV anomalies. Potential vorticity features obtained through the partitioned integration technique were inverted to yield their direct contributions to the total circulation. In addition, sensitivity studies were carried out to determine the overal.
Coherent Structure Eduction and Convection Velocity in Compressible Blunt-Body Wakes

An iterative eduction procedure has been developed to study coherent structures in blunt-base cylinder wakes at 0 and 10 deg angles of attack to an M = 2.46 freestream flow. The eduction procedure uses an initial wavelet pattern to find candidate coherent structures of a particular scale and then uses the average intensity pattern of the educed structures to create an updated pattern. This iterative procedure continues until the average structure converges, indicating that a self-consistent intensity pattern has been described. Using this eduction procedure, the average appearance of the structures is described. Moreover, a convection velocity measurement is made by directly tracking individual coherent structures, unlike conventional imaging-based convection velocity measurements, which are not conditioned on coherent structures. The evolutionary trends of the structures are also quantified. The coherent structure averages show many of the same trends found in more conventional autocorrelation analysis. For example, the structures are inclined toward the freestream flow direction, and the angle of this inclination is affected by the recompression and reattachment processes. Convection velocity measurements show that the convection velocity is dependent on the transverse position of the structure in the shear layer, particularly for small structures. Finally, the coherent structures evolve in such a way that they become poorly representative of the average coherent structure pattern within 5-15 μs after being first identified.
Low-Level Easterly Winds Blowing through the Tsugaru Strait, Japan. Part I: Case Study and Statistical Characteristics Based on Observations

Abstract This study has investigated structures and diurnal variations of the easterly surface winds blowing throughout the east–west passage comprising the Tsugaru Strait, Mutsu Bay, and circumjacent terrestrial gaps in northern Japan during the summer months. Based on observational and reanalysis data, a representative case study in June 2003 and supplemental statistical analyses are presented. The cool easterly winds accompanied by clouds and fog are blocked by the central mountain range. This condition increases an along-strait sea level pressure (SLP) gradient, which induces strong winds in the west of the strait. The along-strait SLP gradient is enhanced by the developed Okhotsk high and by low pressure systems passing along the southern coast of Japan or over the Japan Sea. Stronger (weaker) and easterly (east-northeasterly) winds are observed during the nighttime (daytime), corresponding to the cool air intrusion from the east (retreat from west). Differences in SLP observed at meteorological obse.
Effect of Fiber Rupture on Tensile Properties of Short Fiber Composites

A probabilistic-based micromechanical model has been developed for the postcracking behavior of a brittle matrix reinforced with short, randomly distributed fibers. The model predicts the composite-bridging stress crack-opening displacement (COD) relationship, accounts for fiber pullout, fiber tensile rupture, and a local frictional effect called snubbing. However, it does not account for fiber bending rupture, and the possible effect of matrix spalling at the exit points of inclined fibers from the matrix. The model assumes a fiber/matrix interface that is controlled by a constant frictional bond stress. The model is used to predict the composite tensile strength and fracture energy. Comparisons of model-predicted bridging stress-COD relationship with experimental data, where fiber rupture has occurred, show reasonable agreement supporting the validity of the proposed model. The model is then used to perform a parametric study to evaluate the effect of the micromechanical parameters on the composite tensile strength and fracture energy. The study suggests that this model can be used to design the composite for optimum performance.
Element-Free Method for the Analysis of Partially-Filled Dielectric Waveguides

Meshless methods have attracted much attention in recent decades. The element-free method which originates from computational mechanics is modified and extended to the Helmholtz wave equation for the computation of the cutoff wavenumber of partially-filled dielectric waveguides. The method is validated by comparing with published results on rectangular, semicircular, half-loaded dielectric rod waveguides in the literature. Some problems of this method, such as treatment of boundary conditions, nodes arrangement are also addressed in the paper. It is found that the cutoff wavenumber can be easily and accurately determined by the element-free method without the complicated time consuming mesh generation process.
Experimental and numerical study of miscible Faraday instability

A study of the Faraday instability of diffuse interfaces between pairs of miscible liquids of different densities, by means of experiments and by a nonlinear numerical model, is presented. The experimental set-up consisted of a rectangular cell in which the lighter liquid was placed above the denser one. The cell in this initially stable configuration was then subjected to vertical vibrations. The subsequent behaviour of the ‘interface’ between the two liquids was observed with a high-speed camera. This study shows that above a certain acceleration threshold an instability developed at the interface. The amplitude of the instability grew during the experiments which then led to the mixing of the liquids. The instability finally disappeared once the two liquids were fully mixed over a volume, considerably larger than the initial diffuse region. The results of a companion two-dimensional nonlinear numerical model that employs a finite volume method show very good agreement with the experiments. A physical explanation of the instability and the observations are advanced.
Exact scattering for axial incidence on an isorefractive paraboloid

The canonical solution to the problem of the scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave axially incident on the convex side of an isorefractive paraboloid is provided. The exact scattered field consists of the geometrical optics reflected field on the convex side of the paraboloid and of a transmitted plane wave on the concave side of the paraboloid.
Low‐Temperature Deformation of Copper Single Crystals

Single crystals of copper were deformed at 4.2°K and 77.3°K. At 4.2°K, after a large strain produced by normal slip, jerky flow (discontinuous slip) occurs. From the study of reactor irradiated crystals, it was deduced that a packet of 30 slip lines, each containing 104 dislocations, was released to form each jerk of the discontinuous flow. For samples of certain orientation the region of discontinuous flow was followed by a region of deformation twinning. The fact that deformation twinning was taking place was verified by x‐ray methods. The twinning elements were determined to be the (111) plane and the [112] direction. At 77.3°K, discontinuous slip was not observed. In a limited range of orientations, twinning has been observed at 77.3°K. The effects of reactor irradiations on discontinuous slip and on twinning were also studied and it was determined that the occurrence of twinning was unaffected by the irradiations.
Effects of silicon and germanium adsorbed on graphene

Based on the first-principles plane wave calculations, we studied the adsorption of Si and Ge on graphene. We found that these atoms are bound to graphene at the bridge site with a significant binding energy, while many other atoms are bound at the hollow site above the center of hexagon. It is remarkable that these adatoms may induce important changes in the electronic structure of graphene even at low coverage. Semimetallic graphene becomes metallized and attains a magnetic moment. The combination of adatom orbitals with those of π- and π∗-states of bare graphene is found responsible for these effects.
Critical Point Theory on Partially Ordered Hilbert Spaces

We develop some abstract critical point theory in order to prove that boundary value problems like the model problem[formula] on a bounded domain Ω⊂RN, 2<p<2N/(N−2) have infinitely many sign changing solutions ±uk, k∈N, which are not comparable, that is, uk−ul and uk+ul change sign for k≠l. We also show that there are no subsolutions u such that u<uk for some k and u is positive somewhere. A corresponding nonexistence result applies to supersolutions, Related results on the existence of sign-changing solutions hold for other classes of nonlinearities.
Packing fraction of a disk assembly randomly close packed on a plane

A two-dimensional assembly of randomly close-packed ~RCP! equally sized disks may be represented by a simplicial graph in which the centers of the disks neighboring, but not necessarily in contact with, each disk are joined by straight lines. Alternatively, it may be represented by the Voronoi construction in which the lines in the simplicial net are bisected perpendicularly and the bisectors form polygons surrounding each disk. Two disks are neighbors when the bisector of the line joining their centers forms a side of their Voronoi polygons. The relationship between these two representations can be used to define a critical separation of centers beyond which two disks cannot be neighbors and leads to an average separation of noncontacting disks that are neighbors. This average separation is the basis of the calculation of a packing fraction and of an average number of contacting disks in the RCP assembly. The geometrical construction producing the simplicial net and the Voronoi polygons is shown in Fig. 1. An origin disk O is shown with three of its neighbors. The simplicial net for this cluster has the form of two triangles shown in Fig. 1. The relevant part of the Voronoi net is drawn as well in Fig. 1. The angular separation of the two disks contacting O ~each labeled C! is 2u and the sides of the rhomb formed by the two triangles are all of the same length 2 r, i.e., one disk diameter. The angle subtended by one of the contacting neighbors C at the center of the origin disk O is 60°. In other words, when 2u560° the two disks C are in contact with each other as well as with O . I f 2 uis more than 120° the unlabeled disk, not in contact with O in Fig. 1, will contact
Using Parameter Prediction Models to Forecast Post-Interruption Learning

Industrial learning curves are well-established tools for estimation of labor times and costs during the start-up, or learning, phase of a production activity. Their accuracy is impressive given a stable environment and continuous production. One of the problems that users face, however, is dealing with interruptions of the learning process. An improved ability to predict the course of learning after interruptions of production would enable manufacturers, service companies and others to improve their cost estimates and plan for resource requirements. Recent research has addressed the effects of interruption (and forgetting) as well as the nature of the relearning curve. This project represents an attempt to predict the parameters of relearning curves based on information available at the time that production resumes—including the original learning curve parameters, the amount of original learning, and the length of the production interruption. We develop and test parameter prediction models (PPMs) for estimating the parameters of relearning curves, then compare the predictive ability of such “estimated relearning curves” to the predictive ability of relearning curves (RLCs) that use only the relearning data. The PPMs perform well, showing lower mean absolute percentage errors than the best RLC model for this task until several relearning data points become available.
The Theory of Laminar Boundary Layers in Compressible Fluids

The Theory of Laminar Boundary Layers in Compressible Fluids. K. Stewartson. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1964. 191 pp. Illustrated. 3 gns. In this admirable monograph, Professor Stewartson gives a comprehensive account of the theory of laminar boundary layers in compressible fluids. There are chapters on the Navier-Stokes equations, the boundary-layer equations, boundary layers without and with pressure gradients, threedimensional and unsteady boundary layers, interactions with shock waves, and hypersonic boundary layers. The author comments that the two most serious omissions are real-gas effects and the topic of stability, but the absence of a discussion of these questions is understandable, and even without them the monograph is a noteworthy addition to the literature of fluid mechanics. The opening chapter gives a careful discussion of the Navier-Stokes equations and the derivation of them although, curiously, no reference is made to Serrin's article in the Handbuch der Physik or to Truesdell's expositions. The present reviewer finds the second chapter, in which the boundarylayer equations are derived and discussed, not entirely to his taste, especially in a book which is avowedly mathematical. The philosophy adopted by the author is that a certain (Prandtl) limit is taken in which the viscosity, p., tends to zero, but, since fi has dimensions, one naturally asks: with reference to what other quantity (of the same dimensions) does fi become small? In the case of steady boundary layers a Reynolds number provides the answer, and in many unsteady boundary layers a frequency parameter plays a similar role. Such parameters do not appear in the author's derivation, although they could easily have been introduced to derive the Prandtl limit. Doubtless Professor Stewartson has his reasons for his treatment of the Prandtl limit, but to the reviewer it seems, on the one hand, possibly misleading and, on the other hand, inappropriate in a mathematical monograph. This comment is in no way a criticism of the book as a whole, which is generally carefully conceived and written, and is an excellent account of the subject. The more mathematical parts of the study of laminar boundary layers are selected for emphasis, as implied by the title, but reference to experiment is frequent. Trivial mistakes seem few, although the reviewer notes some dimensionally-incorrect formulae (but easily noted and corrected) on pages 140 and 141. In spite of the high price (63s. for a paperback of 190 pages, with two plates) this monograph is strongly recommended to all interested in boundary layers in compressible fluids. —J. T. STUART.
LDIP: A Computer Program for Local Dependence Indices for Polytomous Items

Description The computer program LDIP provides indices of local dependence for polytomous items under item response theory (cf. Chen, 1998). The indices are the Pearson chi-square statistic χ 2 (Agresti, 1996), the likelihood ratio chi-square statistic G 2 (Agresti, 1996), Yen’s (1993) index of local dependence Q 3 , and the Fisher-transformed correlation difference statistic Z d (Press, Flannery, Teukolsky, & Vetterling, 1986). LDIP is used in conjunction with the two popular item response theory computer programs for polytomous items, MULTILOG (Thissen, Chen, & Bock, 2002) and PARSCALE (Muraki & Bock, 2002). LDIP obtains the indices of local dependence for the graded response model (Same-jima, 1969) and the generalized partial credit model (Muraki, 1992) using two result ﬁles that contain item parameter estimates and ability estimates from either MULTILOG or PARSCALE. The program is written in Fortran and compiled with Microsoft Fortran PowerStation. LDIP can be executed in a command prompt under Microsoft Windows XP or by clicking the LDIP icon. The program basically runs in an interactive mode with the user answering a series of questions and providing the necessary information. It is also possible to point LDIP to a batch input ﬁle using the redirect facility of the command prompt.