Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Working in the Gray: An Urban Drop-In Center Utilizing Trauma-Informed Care With Youth Experiencing Homelessness

Youth experiencing homelessness are significantly more likely to be victimized or exposed to traumatic experiences through their means of daily survival. This study was designed to determine how a drop-in center or similar agencies can use trauma-informed care to best assist the youth in addressing their needs. The study’s findings allow for a better understanding of the successes and challenges experienced while implementing trauma-informed care with the unique population of homeless youth. This qualitative study was conducted by interviewing eight staff at an urban drop-in center for youth experiencing homelessness. The results from the study were organized into three themes: components of successful trauma-informed care, unique aspects for using traumainformed care with homeless youth, and challenges with implementing trauma-informed care. These themes and specific sub-themes for each were explored, along with possible implications for these findings. Considering the findings of this study, suggestions are made for future research of trauma-informed care. Trauma-Informed Care With Youth Experiencing Homelessness 3
Risk perception and practice towards road traffic safety among medical students

Background: Road traffic injuries are a major but neglected epidemic. WHO has declared road traffic accidents (RTA) as the number one cause of death among those aged 15-29 years. India has witnessed 31.3% of the road traffic deaths among 15 to 29 years individuals in the year 2011 as reported by national crime records bureau. This study is aimed to learn and study risk perception and practice of road safety measures among medical students . Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students with an objective A 297 M.B. B.S. students were selected by convenient sampling technique. The study period was May-August, 2016. The information collected was analysed using SPSS version 16 & Microsoft excels 2007 software. Results: Majority of boys (82% and 98%) and girls (55% & 66%) had a satisfactory understanding of traffic rules and traffic signs & signals, respectively. While exploring on the helmet use, only 36% of girls were aware of its importance. About the factors responsible for the crash severity, participants showed a lesser concern to the seat-belts & child restraints (59% boys and 39% girls). Notably only 52% of male participants were in view that alcohol consumption sometimes increases the severity while driving . Conclusions: Abidance to road safety was not found satisfactory. Adequate interventions and reorientation training towards road safety need to be introduced among young drivers.
Smoking in the home after childbirth : prevalence, determinants and the relationship to smoking in pregnancy

Childhood secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure causes substantial ill health and mortality, and poses a significant economic and social burden. This thesis aimed to explore the prevalence and determinants of smoking in the home after childbirth, and to understand the experience and attitudes of mothers who stop smoking during pregnancy but relapse soon after delivery. In study one, the factors associated with child SHS exposure in the home were systematically reviewed. Parental smoking, low socioeconomic status and being less educated were all frequently and consistently independently associated with children’s SHS exposure in the home. Children whose parents held more negative attitudes towards SHS were less likely to be exposed. In study two, cohort data were analysed to estimate maternal self-reported prevalence of SHS exposure among young infants (≤3 months) of women who smoked just before or during pregnancy, and identify its associated factors. In 471 households, the prevalence of smoking in the home was 16.3% (95% CI 13.2-19.8%), and after multiple imputation controlling for non-response 18.2% (95% CI 14.0-22.5%). Mothers’ smoking ≥11 cigarettes per day were 8.2 times (95% CI 3.4-19.6) more likely to report smoking in the home. Significant associations were also observed for younger age, being of non-White ethnicity, increased deprivation and less negative attitudes towards SHS. In study three, semi-structured interviews with women who quit smoking during pregnancy, but relapsed ≤3 months postpartum were conducted. Central to mothers’ accounts of their smoking behaviours during pregnancy and postpartum was their desire to be a ‘responsible mother’. Mothers described using strategies to protect their infant from SHS exposure, and held strong negative attitudes towards other smoking parents. After relapsing, mothers repositioned themselves as ‘social/occasional’ smokers rather than ‘regular’ smokers. Taken together, these findings can be used to inform the development of future, targeted interventions to prevent or reduce infant and child SHS exposure.
Controls on evapotranspiration from jack pine forests in the Boreal Plains Ecozone

The exchanges of water, energy and carbon between the land surface and the atmosphere are tightly coupled, so that errors in simulating evapotranspiration lead to errors in simulating both the water and carbon balances. Areas with seasonally frozen soils present a particular challenge due to the snowmelt‐dominated hydrology and the impact of soil freezing on the soil hydraulic properties and plant root water uptake. Land surface schemes that have been applied in high latitudes often have reported problems with simulating the snowpack and runoff. Models applied at the Boreal Ecosystem Research and Monitoring Sites in central Saskatchewan have consistently over‐predicted evapotranspiration as compared with flux tower estimates. We assessed the performance of two Canadian land surface schemes (CLASS and CLASS‐CTEM) for simulating point‐scale evapotranspiration at an instrumented jack pine sandy upland site in the southern edge of the boreal forest in Saskatchewan, Canada. Consistent with past reported results, these models over‐predicted evapotranspiration, as compared with flux tower observations, but only in the spring period. Looking systematically at soil properties and vegetation characteristics, we found that the dominant control on evapotranspiration within these models was the canopy conductance. However, the problem of excessive spring ET could not be solved satisfactorily by changing the soil or vegetation parameters. The model overestimation of spring ET coincided with the overestimation of spring soil liquid water content. Improved algorithms for the infiltration of snowmelt into frozen soils and plant‐water uptake during the snowmelt and soil thaw periods may be key to addressing the biases in spring ET.
Biotic interactions help explain variation in elevational range limits of birds among Bornean mountains

Physiological tolerances and biotic interactions along habitat gradients are thought to influence species occurrence. Distributional differences caused by such forces are particularly noticeable on tropical mountains, where high species turnover along elevational gradients occurs over relatively short distances and elevational distributions of particular species can shift among mountains. Such shifts are interpreted as evidence of the importance of spatial variation in interspecific competition and habitat or climatic gradients. To assess the relative importance of competition and compression of habitat and climatic zones in setting range limits, we examined differences in elevational ranges of forest bird species among four Bornean mountains with distinct features.
Diatoms in Lake Sediments as Proxies of Climatic Variation Throughout the Latest Holocene

This thesis is composed of manuscripts investigating the impact of climate events throughout the past ~2800 years on conditions within the lacustrine environment of Pocket Lake as reflected in changes of diatom assemblage. The first manuscript presented in chapter 2 is composed of a broad, paleoclimatic reconstruction at a resolution of ~20-30 years per sample based on changes in diatom assemblage integrated with geochemical and particle size datasets from the same core. In the second chapter a high-resolution investigation into the impact of the deposition of airfall tephra into Pocket Lake is presented. Together, these studies provide insight into the impact of broader decadal scale climate cycles and instantaneous, episodic events allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of their impact on lakes in sensitive, northern locations. These reconstructions will help inform predications regarding the potential impact of 21st century climate change.
Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the Energy Sector

Historically, innovation in the energy sector proceeded slowly and entrepreneurial start-up firms played a relatively minor role. We argue that this may be changing. Energy markets are going through a period of profound structural change. The rise of hydrofracturing lowered fossil fuel prices so much that natural gas is now the primary fuel for electricity generation in the US. Renewable energy technologies also experienced significant cost and performance improvements. However, integrating intermittent resources creates additional grid management challenges, requiring further innovation. This chapter documents the evolving roles of innovation and entrepreneurship in the energy sector. First, we provide an overview of the energy industry, highlighting that many new energy technologies are smaller, modular, and increasingly rely on innovation in other fast-moving high-tech sectors. We then conduct two descriptive data analyses that document a sharp decline in both clean energy patenting and start-up activity from about 2010 onwards. We discuss potential explanations and provide some evidence that while innovation in existing technologies may simply have been successful, continued innovation will be needed in enabling technologies that are more likely to depend on progress in other sectors.
NUTRITIONAL AND MINERAL CONTENT OF THREE WILD AGARICUS SPECIES OF DISTRICT MASTUNG BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN.

Three edible wild mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus bitorqui and Agaricus compestris) belonging to genus Agaricus, class Agaricomycetes were collected during 2017-18 from Mastung district of Balochistan, Pakistan. These species were analyzed for their nutritional contents. The results showed that high concentration of protein was found in all three species but maximum protein was recorded from A. bisporus. Whereas very low amount of carbohydrates, fat and fiber was recorded from all species. Besides this, mineral composition of all species under investigation were also determined. The mushrooms have high macro and mineral content. Maximum K, high Ca, and Mg were recorded while Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni were in negligible amounts. It was concluded that being rich in proteins and low in carbohydrates, these mushrooms can serve as high nutritional diet for human beings. Keywords: Wild Mushrooms, Mastung, Balochistan, Nutritional value, Mineral composition.
The Effect of Ultrasonication Pretreatment on the Production of Polyphenol-Enriched Extracts from Moringa oleifera L. (Drumstick Tree) Using a Novel Bio-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent

Moringa oleifera L. leaves are a plant tissue particularly rich in polyphenolic phytochemicals with significant bioactivities, and there has been significant recent interest for the production of extracts enriched in these substances. The current investigation is aimed at establishing a green extraction process, using a novel eco-friendly natural deep eutectic solvent, composed of glycerol and nicotinamide. Furthermore, sample ultrasonication prior to batch stirred-tank extraction was studied to examine its usefulness as a pretreatment step. Optimization of the extraction process through response surface methodology showed that the maximum total polyphenol yield (82.87 ± 4.28 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1 dry mass) could be achieved after a 30 min ultrasonication pretreatment, but the difference with the yield obtained from the non-pretreated sample was statistically non-significant (p < 0.05). Extraction kinetics revealed that the activation energy for the ultrasonication-pretreated samples was more energy-demanding, a fact attributed to phenomena pertaining to washing of the readily extracted polyphenols during pretreatment. Liquid-chromatography-diode array-mass spectrometry showed that ultrasonication pretreatment may have a limited positive effect on polyphenol extractability, but the overall polyphenolic profile was identical for the ultrasonication-pretreated and non-pretreated samples.
Should We Use Closing Prices? Institutional Price Pressure at the Close

We document the growing importance of the closing auction in the U.S. equity market and study its causes and implications. The closing auction accounts for a striking 7.5% of daily volume in 2018, up from 3.1% in 2010. The growth of indexing and ETFs shifts trading towards the close and distorts closing prices: they often deviate from closing quote midpoints, but the deviations revert by half shortly after the close and fully overnight. As volume migrates towards the close, liquidity at the open deteriorates. Finally, we introduce a novel measure of investor disagreement, the ratio of auction-to-total volume, and show that higher disagreement positively predicts future stock returns.
Conflicting phylogenetic signals in genomic data of the coffee family (Rubiaceae)

Reconstructions of phylogenetic relationships in the flowering plant family Rubiaceae have up until now relied heavily on single‐ or multi‐gene data, primarily from the plastid compartment. With the availability of cost‐ and time‐efficient techniques for generating complete genome sequences, the opportunity arises to resolve some of the relationships that, up until now, have proven problematic. Here, we contribute new data from complete 58 plastid genome sequences, representing 55 of the currently 65 recognized tribes of the Rubiaceae. Also contributed are new data from the nuclear rDNA cistrons for corresponding taxa. Phylogenetic analyses are conducted on two plastid data sets, one including data from the protein coding genes only, and a second where protein coding data are combined with non‐coding regions, and on a nuclear rDNA data set. Our results clearly show that simply adopting a “more characters” approach does not resolve the relationships in the Rubiaceae. More importantly, we identify conflicting phylogenetic signals in the data. Analyses of the same plastid data, treated as nucleotides or as codon‐degenerated data, resolve and support conflicting topologies in the subfamily Cinchonoideae. As these analyses use the same data, we interpret the conflict to result from erroneous assumptions in the models used to reconstruct our phylogenies. Conflicting signals are also identified in the analyses of the plastid versus the nuclear rDNA data sets. These analyses use data from different genomic compartments, with different inheritance patterns, and we interpret the conflicts as representing “real” conflicts, reflecting biological processes of the past.
Imitation in foreign location choice: The role of upper echelons' diversity

This research investigates how the Top Management Team (TMT) characteristics impact the imitation of home country firms’ Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) location choice. A review of the FDI location choice research was performed, and various viewpoints for the selecting locations were identified. Amongst these viewpoints, the institutional perspective suggests that lack of cognition coupled with uncertainty about host markets compels firms to follow the FDI decisions of other home country firms. The review identified that the current literature in the cognitive domain had overlooked the role of TMTs. Upper echelon theory suggests that TMTs are not only a unique source of cognitive resources but also help to overcome challenges associated with internationalisation. This research applies institutional theory and the upper echelon theory to advance the argument of how and why TMT characteristics may impact the imitation of location choice decisions. Various TMT attributes like TMT international experience, TMT international experience diversity, TMT tenure diversity, TMT education diversity and TMT functional diversity were hypothesised to moderate the imitation in FDI location choice. This research applied quantitative methods to assess the proposed hypotheses. First, a sample of 202 US-based firms (which invested in 11 Asia-Pacific countries from 2009 to 2014) was collected from FDI Markets database. This sample generated a panel dataset of 12,771 observations. Nearly 11,000 unique top manager profiles were created to compute the TMT data for the firms in the given period. Through logistic regression, this study assessed whether TMT attributes moderate the extent of imitation in FDI location choice. The findings from this research contribute to institutional theory by highlighting the role of upper echelons. In particular, the findings show that while TMT tenure diversity weakens the effect of imitation, TMT functional diversity further exacerbates the effect of imitation in location choice. It was also found that when firms do not have a prior presence in the host country, then TMT international experience also strengthens the effect of prior FDI by other home country firms. The research also supports that the effect of various TMT attributes could be subject to environmental conditions. In particular, it shows that deep-level characteristics cause a more profound impact when host country uncertainty is high, while surface-level characteristics are impactful when host country uncertainty is low.
Digital phantoms for characterizing inconsistencies among radiomics extraction toolboxes

Purpose: to develop digital phantoms for characterizing inconsistencies among radiomics extraction methods based on three radiomics toolboxes: CERR (Computational Environment for Radiological Research), IBEX (imaging biomarker explorer), and an in-house radiomics platform. Materials and Methods: we developed a series of digital bar phantoms for characterizing intensity and texture features and a series of heteromorphic sphere phantoms for characterizing shape features. The bar phantoms consisted of n equal-width bars (n = 2, 4, 8, or 64). The voxel values of the bars were evenly distributed between 1 and 64. Starting from a perfect sphere, the heteromorphic sphere phantoms were constructed by stochastically attaching smaller spheres to the phantom surface over 5500 iterations. We compared 61 features typically extracted from three radiomics toolboxes: (1) CERR (2) IBEX (3) in-house toolbox. The degree of inconsistency was quantified by concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). Sources of discrepancies were characterized based on differences in mathematical definition, pre-processing, and calculation methods. Results: For the intensity and texture features, only 53%, 45%, 55% features demonstrated perfect reproducibility (CCC = 1) between in-house/CERR, in-house/IBEX, and CERR/IBEX comparisons, while 71%, 61%, 61% features reached CCC > 0.8 and 25%, 39%, 39% features were with CCC < 0.5, respectively. Meanwhile, most features demonstrated PCC > 0.95. For shape features, the toolboxes produced similar (CCC > 0.98) volume yet inconsistent surface area, leading to inconsistencies in other shape features. However, all toolboxes resulted in PCC > 0.8 for all shape features except for compactness 1, where inconsistent mathematical definitions were observed. Discrepancies were characterized in pre-processing and calculation implementations from both type of phantoms. Conclusions: Inconsistencies among radiomics extraction toolboxes can be accurately identified using the developed digital phantoms. The inconsistencies demonstrate the significance of implementing quality assurance (QA) of radiomics extraction for reproducible and generalizable radiomic studies. Digital phantoms are therefore very useful tools for QA.
A comparison of referrals among primary health-care workers in urban and rural local government areas in North-Western Nigeria

Introduction: In Nigeria, the three tiers of health-care service are linked through the referral system and primary health care (PHCs) are an entry point into this health-care service. Effectiveness of referral system is a strong determinant of the strength of health-care service delivery. This study was conducted to assess and compare knowledge and practice of referral among PHC workers in urban and rural health facilities in two local government areas (LGAs) in Kaduna State. Methodology: The study was comparative cross-sectional. It enrolled all eligible PHC workers in the study areas; seventy in urban and 69 in rural LGAs. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire containing close-ended questions. Results: Majority of the health workers in both LGAs were in the age range 25-34 years. Only 16 (22.9%) of those in urban and 13 (21.0%) in rural PHCs had good knowledge of referral (P = 0.594). In addition, only 9 (12.9%) in urban and 7 (11.3%) in rural PHCs had good practice of referral (P = 0.595). Conclusion: Knowledge and practice of referral were poor in both urban and rural PHCs. There is an urgent need for training on referral and other forms of intervention such as instituting a referral focal person to improve practice of referral among the health workers in both rural and urban PHCs.
Atmospheric Sulfuric Acid‐Dimethylamine Nucleation Enhanced by Trifluoroacetic Acid

Sulfuric acid (SA)‐dimethylamine (DMA)‐H2O cluster formation has been proven to be responsible for a significant part of new particle formation (NPF) in a Chinese megacity. However, the possible involvement of common atmospheric acids in the subsequent growth of SA‐DMA clusters remains elusive. We simulated formation and growth of clusters using atmospheric relevant concentrations of SA, DMA, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), a commonly observed atmospheric perfluorocarboxylic acid, using Density Functional Theory combined with Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code. The presence of TFA leads to complex cluster formation routes and an enhancement of NPF rates by up to 2.3 ([TFA] = 5.0 × 106 molecules cm−3, [SA] = 1.0 × 106 molecules cm−3, and [DMA] = 1.5 × 109 molecules cm−3). The agreement of (SA)1·(DMA)1‐2·(TFA)1 concentrations between simulations and ambient measurements during NPF events validates model predictions and implies that perfluorocarboxylic acids could potentially boost atmospheric SA‐DMA NPF rates.
Relevant Aspects for an EF3-Evaluation of E-Cognocracy

The search for an appropriate response to the new challenges and needs posed by the Knowledge Society in the area of public decisions has led to the development of a number of participation models whose value must be assessed and analysed in an integral manner. Using a theoretical model based on structural equations, the present work identifies the relevant factors for an EF3-approach to the democracy model named e-Cognocracy: it comprises a conjoint evaluation of its effectiveness (doing what is right), efficacy (achieving goals) and efficiency (doing things correctly). The model was applied to a real-life e-Cognocracy experience undertaken in the municipality of Cadrete, Zaragoza. The evaluation resulted in the extraction and identification of a series of relationships that allow the advancement of an EF3-participation acceptance model, in line with the TAM model of Davis and the work of Delone and MacLean, which can be used for the integral evaluation of any e-participation model.