Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mapping Key Indicators of Forest Restoration in the Amazon Using a Low-Cost Drone and Artificial Intelligence

Monitoring the vegetation structure and species composition of forest restoration (FR) in the Brazilian Amazon is critical to ensuring its long-term benefits. Since remotely piloted aircrafts (RPAs) associated with deep learning (DL) are becoming powerful tools for vegetation monitoring, this study aims to use DL to automatically map individual crowns of Vismia (low resilience recovery indicator), Cecropia (fast recovery indicator), and trees in general (this study refers to individual crowns of all trees regardless of species as All Trees). Since All Trees can be accurately mapped, this study also aims to propose a tree crown heterogeneity index (TCHI), which estimates species diversity based on: the heterogeneity attributes/parameters of the RPA image inside the All Trees results; and the Shannon index measured by traditional fieldwork. Regarding the DL methods, this work evaluated the accuracy of the detection of individual objects, the quality of the delineation outlines and the area distribution. Except for Vismia delineation (IoU = 0.2), DL results presented accurate values in general, as F1 and IoU were always greater than 0.7 and 0.55, respectively, while Cecropia presented the most accurate results: F1 = 0.85 and IoU = 0.77. Since All Trees results were accurate, the TCHI was obtained through regression analysis between the canopy height model (CHM) heterogeneity attributes and the field plot data. Although TCHI presented robust parameters, such as p-value < 0.05, its results are considered preliminary because more data are needed to include different FR situations. Thus, the results of this work show that low-cost RPA has great potential for monitoring FR quality in the Amazon, because Vismia, Cecropia, and All Trees can be automatically mapped. Moreover, the TCHI preliminary results showed high potential in estimating species diversity. Future studies must assess domain adaptation methods for the DL results and different FR situations to improve the TCHI range of action.
The Influence of Triaxial Deformation and Quasiparticle Alignment on the Structure of Chiral Partner Bands

The spectrum and wave-functions of chiral partner band states are investigated within a semiclassical treatment of a particle-rotor Hamiltonian with rigid quasiparticle alignments [1]. The study focuses on the variation of spectral characteristics and associated dynamics inferred by considering different triaxial deformation of the core [2] or non-axial quasiparticle alignments with arbitrary tilting [3]. The analysis is performed for valence h11/2 proton particle and h11/2 neutron hole alignments. As a result, distinct dynamical characteristics are identified in specific angular momentum ranges, especially concerning the chiral vibration regime.
Modelling Sectoral Energy Consumption in Malaysia: Assessing the Asymmetric Effects

Economic growth, energy prices, technological innovations, and financial depth all play a vital role in sectoral energy consumption. Early studies have extensively examined the interactions among these variables, which are important in developing policies on energy consumption. However, to date, most studies have estimated energy consumption in a linear fashion. If the actual relationship is non-linear or asymmetric, then the inferences drawn from a linear framework may be misleading. Hence, in this study, we employed a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach to analyse Malaysian sectoral energy consumption from 1978 to 2016. We found that the bounds test of the NARDL indicates the presence of cointegration among the variables. The key findings include: (1) a rise in income increases energy consumption throughout all sectors, but sectoral energy consumption does not respond significantly to a fall in income; (2) both increases and decreases in energy prices reduce industrial energy consumption, but residential and commercial sectors’ energy consumption react positively to price falls; (3) technological advancement increases transportation energy consumption; and (4) both an increase and decrease of credit availability to private sectors reduce industrial energy consumption, but transportation energy consumption reacts positively to financial deepening. Moreover, the effects at the sectoral level were asymmetrical. The findings indicate that the changes in selected macroeconomic variables were found to have a Granger causality effect on sectoral energy consumption. Given these findings, our study offers empirical support for the inclusion of non-linearity or asymmetric effects when modelling sectoral energy consumption.
Attitude Towards Home-Based Management of Diarrhea and Associated Factors Among Mothers of Under-Five Children of Fagita Lekoma District, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020

Background: Diarrhea is the second most common cause of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years old, following acute respiratory tract infection. Despite that home interventions can prevent 57% of mortality related to diarrhea. However, still mothers’ attitudes towards home-based diarrheal management range from 39-78% as a result of different factors.Objective: This study aimed at assessing attitudes towards home-based management of diarrhea and associated factors among mothers of under-five children attending health care institutions.Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. Data were entered using Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25. The result was presented in frequency and percentage using tables and figures. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Those variables with p-value <0.2 in bivariate were entered in multivariate analysis to avoid confounding variables whereby p-value <0.05 were considered as significantly associated. Result: A total of 422 mothers were surveyed with a 100% response rate. The mean age of the mothers was 33 ±10. Positive mothers’ attitude was 51.9% with 95%CI (46.8, 57.1). Maternal age ranges from 25-35 years (AOR:3.27, 95% CI: 1.72,6.22), 36-45 years (AOR: 8.79, 95%CI: 3.50, 22.11), age >45 years (AOR: 8.00, 95%CI: 2.62, 24.43), being single (AOR 0.18, 95%CI:0.06, 0.56), being divorced (AOR:0.25, 95%CI:0.08,0.81), primary education (AOR: 7.26, 95%CI: 3.62,14,57), Secondary and above (AOR:8.43, 95%CI:3.77,18.82), Daily labor (AOR:5.44, 95%CI:1.19, 24.96), Income level with 1001-3000 ETB and greater or equal to 3001ETB with (AOR:3.14, 95%CI:1.35, 7.29) and (AOR:4.06, 95% CI: 1.71, 9.66) respectively. Knowing about how to prepare ORS (AOR: 6.72, 95%CI: 3.62,12.48) were significantly associated variables with the out came variable in the multivariate regressionConclusion: One in every two mothers had a favorable attitude in this study. Maternal age, marital status, maternal educational status, occupation, and knowing about the preparation of ORS were factors associated with mothers’ attitude. The focus should be made on younger mothers, illiterate, unmarried couples, not knowing how to prepare ORS to boost mothers’ attitude.
Method of Operational Risk Assessment on Transmission System Cascading Failure

As cross-region power grid in China is established,power system cascading failures has become a key factor that threatens the stability of bulk power grids.For the purpose of investigating how the failure spreads in transmission system and assessing its operational risk with different protection configurations,this paper presented failure probability model of transmission lines based on real-time operating conditions and hidden failure model based on Markov method.According to hidden failure model and current operating mode of power system,a searching mode of cascading failures was introduced.Based on risk theory,operational risk assessment method and indicators of cascading failure in transmission system were further proposed under market condition,with a good combination of security and economy.Taking IEEE-RTS 79 system as an example,the vulnerable lines in it were identified.The example analysis demonstrates that,reasonable protection configuration can reduce the risks of hidden failures.Improving transmission capacity of lines can effectively reduce the risk of cascading failures.It also illustrates that risk assessment of cascading failures by use of operational reliability theory can reflect the state of the system accurately.
Novel CFTR modulator combinations maximise rescue of G85E and N1303K in rectal organoids

Introduction Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe monogenic disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Several types of CFTR modulators (correctors/potentiators) have been developed to overcome protein dysfunction associated with these mutations. CFTR modulator therapy is now available for the major CF-causing mutations; however, 10% of people with CF remain without causal treatments. By combining investigational and market-approved CFTR modulators, we aimed to maximise functional rescue of iva-, luma- and tezacaftor refractory mutants G85E and N1303K. Methods We used the well-established forskolin-induced swelling (FIS) in primary rectal organoids to assess responses to different CFTR corrector and potentiator types. The FIS analysis was performed with brightfield microscopy, allowing both 1-h and 24-h follow-up. Corrector and potentiator activity of elexacaftor was investigated. Results For G85E, maximal rescue was observed by a combination of elexacaftor and corr4a. For N1303K, the quadruple combination teza-elexa-ivacaftor with apigenin was required to obtain a rescue similar to that of luma-ivacaftor rescued F508del. Elexacaftor rescued G85E and N1303K by different mechanisms, with chronic corrector effects on G85E and acute potentiation of N1303K only in the presence of ivacaftor. Synergy in N1303K rescue for iva-elexacaftor and apigenin suggests at least three potentiator mechanisms for this mutant. 24-h FIS identified ivacaftor as the main CFTR modulator for N1303K and elexacaftor and apigenin as co-potentiators. Conclusions Novel combinations of CFTR modulators can further improve functional rescue of G85E and N1303K in rectal organoids, although for N1303K, more effective CFTR modulators are still needed. Organoids can guide personalised medicine in cystic fibrosis. Novel modulator combinations rescue G85E and N1303K beyond Trikafta. Label-free, long-term organoid monitoring unravels major contributors to the functional rescue of these rare CFTR mutants. https://bit.ly/3AKYJnz
Vascular occlusion associated with abiotic stress is a causal agent of silvertop in perennial grasses

Abstract: Silvertop (sterile heads) of perennial cool-season grasses is common in aging stands grown for seed production. It is associated with yield reduction, but the causal agent(s) has not been determined. A study was conducted to examine the cytology of grass tillers with and without silvertop. A series of cross sections of stems from field samples of Kentucky bluegrass and meadow bromegrass (where signs of insect injury or fungal infection were absent) revealed abnormalities in the tissues above the last node in tillers exhibiting silvertop, while cells in the stems of healthy tillers appeared normal. Most cells from stems exhibiting silvertop became irregular and distorted, and eventually lost their integrity and shape altogether. At the terminal nodes of these stems, the sieve plates of xylem vessels were occluded with unidentified material, preventing the passage of water to the seed head. The xylem and phloem cells in the leaf sheath and blade surrounding the silvertop stems appeared normal. Spherical bodies in x-section, believed to be fungal mycelium and spores, were occasionally found above the point of tissue necrosis above the last node. Very few spherical bodies were observed below the symptomatic tissue, and none were found in the terminal node. The blockages observed in the water-conducting vessels to the seed head appear to have been induced by the plant as a response to abiotic stress, rather than by external biotic factors such as insects or pathogens.
Intergenerational differences in family language policy of Turkish families in the Netherlands

ABSTRACT By using a quantitative approach, we examined the family language policy of Turkish parents in the Netherlands. Based on our earlier ethnographic work with 20 Turkish families and interviews with 35 parents, we designed and conducted a large-scale survey among 116 first-generation and 184 second-generation parents. The findings reveal that both first- and second-generation parents have bilingual language ideologies. Although second-generation parents are more positive about Dutch-oriented language practices of family members, both groups believe that Turkish should be a part of family life. Because parents establish a link between Turkish identity and culture, parents from both generations show strong attachment to Turkish language. Regarding language practices, both generations’ language preferences shift towards bilingualism although the first-generation choose to speak Turkish more. Second-generation parents and their third-generation children are more dominant in Dutch but they all report a preference for Turkish in the domestic domain. Regarding language management in the family, different generations of parents show different engagement strategies. With respect to the host society orientations to heritage language maintenance, the informants report unfavourable conditions in the Dutch media, politics and public institutions.
(De)legitimization of single mothers’ welfare rights: United States, Britain and Israel

This article contributes to the theoretical discussion of the historical legitimacy of single mothers by examining the construction of relationships between single motherhood and welfare policy. Specifically, the study analyses the changing discourse regarding single mothers, and the social policy designed for them, in the US, UK and Israel from the 1970s to the 2000s. These three countries are similar in terms of the embeddedness, extension and institutionalization of neoliberal ideology in their welfare policies and public discourse, together with welfare legislation affecting single mothers, yet they differ in terms of policy implementation and the history of policy development. The study examines institutional intersectionality along with cultural perceptions of single mothers in each country. Looking at both the development and the withdrawal of social rights over time, we deepen understanding of how the image of the single mother is created in the neoliberal welfare regime.
COVID-19 Pandemic, Technological Progress and Food Security Based on a Dynamic CGE Model

The global spread of COVID-19 has complicated the international equilibrium of grain production and trade. China now faces external shocks in the international grain market and deep-seated problems associated with the structure of domestic supply. We used a dynamic, computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyse the effects on China’s food security and macroeconomics under the COVID-19 scenario and four technological progress paths in the agricultural sector. We showed that the COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting China’s food security in the short term, and critical quantitative variables such as grain production and grain consumption per capita have declined. Considering food security and macroeconomic development, labour-saving technological progress outperformed neutral technological progress, land-saving technological progress, and capital-saving technological progress in the short run. While land-saving technological progress contributes the most to the arable land area per capita of wheat and other grains in the long run.
Institutional investor attention and stock market volatility and liquidity: international evidence

ABSTRACT In this paper, we examine the influence of the daily institutional investor attention to particular stocks on stock volatility and liquidity. The institutional investor attention is measured from the number of times that users of Bloomberg terminal, who are mostly institutional investors, search for or read articles on a specific stock. Relying on a large international dataset of approximately a million daily observations over the period 2011–2020 from nine countries (Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, South Korea, Switzerland, the UK, and the US), we find that this recent measure of institutional investor attention has a strong positive effect on stock volatility and liquidity. Confirmed by a battery of robustness tests, our findings suggest that this continuous barometer of attention by institutional investors can be used by financial practitioners to predict future stock volatility and liquidity.
Women's mental health in Mozambique: is maternity a protective factor?

Abstract Backgroud Globally, women have been shown to have high rates of common mental disorders (CMDs). In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), women face significant challenges related to maternity. However, no study has compared mental health problems among pregnant/post-partum women, childless women of childbearing age, and women with children in a low-income country. We sought to compare the frequency of CMD and suicide risk in a sample of women presenting or accompanying patients in primary care in two Mozambican semi-urban settings. Methods We administered the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview to 853 women, of whom 220 (25.8%) were pregnant/post-partum, 177 (20.8%) were non-pregnant and childless, and 456 (53.5%) were non-pregnant and with children more than 1-year-old. Logistic regression models compared the likelihood of a psychiatric disorder across groups, adjusting for sociodemographic and chronic-illness covariates. Results We found a high frequency of CMD and suicide risk among all women in this low-income context sample. In adjusted models, no differences in rates of depression, anxiety, or panic disorder were observed among groups. However, suicide risk was higher in women without children than pregnant/post-partum women. Conclusion The frequency of CMD among women of childbearing age in our study was higher than documented rates in high-income countries and other LMIC. Additionally, we found that motherhood was not protective and that pregnancy and the postpartum period were not stages of increased risk for most disorders. This highlights the need to expand mental health services not only for perinatal women but all women of childbearing age in this and possibly similar settings.
Species richness of beetle (Hexapoda: Coleoptera) in Suranadi Nature Recreation Park, Lombok Island

This study aimed to determine the species richness of Hexapoda: Coleoptera in Suranadi Nature Recreation Park (NRP), Lombok Island, Indonesia. It is an exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative method. Sample collection was carried out during May Ã¢â¬â July 2019 in three different habitats consisting of waterways along with the middle and edges of the forest. Sample collection was conducted using the pitfall trap method. The samples were identified at Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram to obtain the species richness data. It was revealed that there were 11 species from 8 families of the Order Coleoptera. The species are Agonum micans, Trycorinus rudepunctatus, Euspilotus assimilis, Paracymus subcupreus, Phanaeus vindex, Myrmex sp. , Dinopelma leptaleum, Oxyporus maxillosus, Oxylobus maridionalis, Tachys blandus and Platydema violacea.
T Lymphocyte Infiltration in Association with IDO1 Expression in Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma and Normal Adjacent Lung Tissues

Background Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the first step of tryptophan catabolism in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. IDO1 downregulates natural killer cell receptors, and by mechanism, tumor cells escape immune surveillance. Methods IDO1 protein and mRNA were assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and PCR in the 68 resected lung adenocarcinomas at stages I–III as well as adjacent normal lung tissues. Infiltration of CD3, CD8, and CD4 lymphocytes in the tumor and adjacent normal lung tissues was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results IDO1 protein and mRNA were detected in various stages of lung adenocarcinoma with highest expression at stage III. In contrast, biomarkers of T cell subset, CD3, CD4, and CD8, were highly expressed in the normal lung tissues and stage I adenocarcinoma tissues but significantly reduced in the stage II and III tumor tissues. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that the higher level of IDO1 expression in the lung adenocarcinoma was, the less infiltration of T lymphocytes was found in the tumors. Findings of this study indicated that IDO1 may contribute to the reduction of T lymphocyte infiltration into the lung adenocarcinoma.
Functional Multi‐Scale Integration of Agricultural Nitrogen‐Budgets Into Catchment Water Quality Modeling

Diffuse Nitrogen pollution from agriculture maintains high pressures on groundwater and aquatic ecosystems. Further mitigation requires targeted measures that reconcile agricultural interests in environmental protection. However, the agriculture‐related processes of catchment N modeling remain poorly defined due to discipline‐specific data and knowledge gaps. Using field‐experimental data, crop N uptake responses to fertilizer management were parsimoniously conceptualized and integrated into a catchment diffuse‐N model. The improved catchment modeling further facilitated integration with agricultural budget‐based assessments. The integrated analysis in a mesoscale catchment disentangled contrasting agri‐environment functional mechanisms in typically flashy chemodynamic and transport‐limited chemostatic export regimes. Moreover, the former was actively responsive to interannual climatic variability and agricultural practices; the latter exhibited drought‐induced enhancement of N enrichment, which could likely be mitigated through reduced fertilization. This interdisciplinary integration of data and methods provided an insightful evidence base for multi‐sector targeted measures, especially under cumulative impacts of changing climate and fertilizer‐use intensities.
Green Manuring for Increasing Nitrogen use Efficiency and Growth Performance of Wheat

In the absenceoforganic matter,the soil is an inert matter and cannot sustain productivity.The soil fertility scenario of Pakistan depicts low organic matter status and low nitrogen contents andhaslow use efficiency. This study was initiated during 2017-18 to enhance soil nitrogen contents and organic matter through green manuring and augmentation of N use efficiency under agro-ecological condition of Quetta. This experiment consists of five treatments (T1= Green manuring (GM); T2 = GM +25% recommended N (30 kg N ha-1); T3 = GM+50% N (60 kg N ha-1); T4= GM+75% N (90 kg N ha-1); T5= GM+100%N (120 kg N ha-1) andthree replicationsbased on randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results revealed that all the study parameters except plant height and chlorophyll contents were improved when75and 100% recommended N were applied to wheat cropsafter green manuring. Green manuring helped in enhancing soil N level when 75% recommended N was applied because both 75 and 100% N expressed statistically at par differences for wheat traitsand yield. In addition, green manuring increased NUE by 68.9, 147.0, 126.2,and 100.8% across different N percentages(25, 50, 75and100%). However, without the addition of nitrogen fertilizer,only green manuring could notmeet the N requirement of wheat crops. Consequently, it is inferred that green manuring helped in enhancing soil organic matterand total nitrogenwhen N fertilizer was applied to the wheat crop. It is suggested that various green manure crops can be evaluated to augment SOMand TN for the succeeding crop