Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of health care services among people with Covid-19 symptoms in the first pandemic peak in France

In France, the first pandemic peak fell disproportionately on the most disadvantaged, as they were overrepresented in contaminations and in developing severe forms of the virus. At that time, and especially during lockdown, the French healthcare system was severely disrupted and limited. The issue of social differences in the use of healthcare by people experiencing symptoms of Covid-19 arose. Based on a random sample of 135,000 persons, we selected respondents who reported Covid-19-like symptoms (cough, fever, dyspnea, anosmia and/or ageusia) during the first lockdown (n = 12,422). The aim of this study was to determine if the use of health care services was likely to contribute to widen Covid-19 social inequalities. Use of health care services was classified in three categories: (1) no consultation, (2) out-of-hospital consultation(s) and (3) in-hospital consultation(s). We estimated odds ratio of utilization of health care using multinomial regressions, adjusted on social factors (age, gender, class, ethno-racial status, social class, standard of living and education), contextual variables, health variables, and symptoms characteristics. Altogether, 37.8% of the individuals consulted a doctor for their symptoms; 32.1% outside hospital and 5.7% in hospital. Use of health care services was strongly associated with social position2: the most disadvantaged social groups and racially minoritized immigrants were more likely to use health care, particularly for in-hospital consultation(s). The highest utilization of health care were found among older adults (OR 9.51, 95%CI 5.02–18.0 compared to the youngest age group), the racially minoritized first-generation immigrants (OR 1.61, 95%CI 1.09–2.36 compared to the mainstream population), the poorest (OR 1.31, 95%CI 1.00–1.72) and the least educated (OR 2.20, 95%CI 1.44–3.38). To conclude, we found that the use of health care services counteracted the potential impact of social inequalities in exposure and infection to the Covid-19.
Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections in Lao People’s Democratic Republic: The first national population-based cross-sectional survey

Population-based seroprevalence of chronic hepatitis B and C infections has not been examined in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR). Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of these infections in the general population of Lao PDR and perform subgroup analysis. A nationwide seroprevalence survey was conducted in Lao PDR in June 2019 using the multistage cluster sampling method. Dried blood spot samples were collected onto WhatmanTM 903 filter paper by finger prick. A chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay was used to measure the levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (HCV-Ab). Samples in which the HBsAg level was above 0.05 IU/ml and HCV-Ab was above the signal/cutoff ratio of 1.0 were considered positive based on comparisons with the relative light unit value of a calibration sample. A total of 1,927 samples (male: 47.3%, mean age: 23.0 years) were included in the analysis. The prevalence was estimated to be 4.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7–6.3) for HBsAg and 1.6% (95% CI: 0.5–5.3) for HCV-Ab. Multivariable analysis revealed that those aged 20–24 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1–4.6), those aged 25–29 years (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3–5.6), those from the Northern region (AOR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.2–6.6), and those who were Khmu (AOR: 3.6, 95% CI: 2.0–6.8) or Hmong (AOR: 5.0, 95% CI: 3.3–7.5) were significantly more likely to be positive for HBsAg. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the HCV-Ab prevalence according to each variable, males (2.9%, 95% CI: 0.7–10.7), those aged ≥40 years (6.1%, 95% CI: 2.1–16.8), and those from the Southern region (3.3%, 95% CI: 0.6–15.3) tended to have a higher prevalence. This novel population-based survey found differences in the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections in Lao PDR according to sex, age group, region, and ethnicity; however, the results of this study should be confirmed in future studies, and relevant responses tailored for each target also need to be determined to control the transmission of hepatitis B and C infections.
Evaluation of the pediatric antiretroviral therapy service in Gondar city public health facilities—A case study design with mixed methods

Background The pediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) service is introduced to save lives, restore mental and physical functions, and improve the quality of life of children living with HIV/AIDS. This evaluation aimed to assess the implementation status of the pediatric ART service provision in Gondar city administration health facilities to promote evidence-based decision-making for program improvement. Methods An institutional-based single case-study design with concurrent mixed methods were applied. The service was evaluated by the availability of essential resources, compliance of health providers with the standard guideline, and caregivers’ satisfaction dimensions. Document review, key informant interviews, observations, and interviewer-administered exit-interview were conducted. The quantitative data were analyzed in descriptive and analytical, while the qualitative data were transcribed, translated, and thematically analyzed. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with caregivers’ satisfaction. Results The overall implementation of pediatric ART service was 75.32%. The availability, compliance, and satisfaction were 68.96%, 74.44%, and 84.64%, respectively. Trained healthcare professionals, essential ART drugs, registers, and basic laboratory diagnostic equipment were reasonably available. However, the lack of opportunistic infection medications and adequate rooms were significant gaps in service provision. Respondents noted a shortage of drugs and rooms for consultation and service provision. Short travel distance (AOR = 2.87), low viral load (AOR = 3.15), and sex of caregivers (AOR = 4.98) were significantly associated with good satisfaction. Conclusions The overall implementation of pediatric ART service is well based on the pre-determined judgment criteria. The health facilities and policymakers are advised to focus on availing medications to treat opportunistic infections and expanding the health facility to have enough space for consultation and service provision. Furthermore, particular emphasis should be given to caregivers who come from long distances and patients with a high viral load to increase caregivers’ satisfaction.
Fast Low-Storage Method for Evaluating Lighthill's Volume Quadrupoles

An m-multipole particle-condensation method is proposed to spatially condense the volumetric quadrupole sources based on Lighthill’s acoustic analogy that are extracted from computational-fluid-dynamics data. The purpose of the method is to reduce both the amount of data that must be stored during the computational-fluid-dynamics analysis and the number of acoustic sources driving the subsequent acoustic-propagation analysis, while preserving the accuracy of the predicted sound pressure field. The method uses a particle approximation of the quadrupole source distribution and employs a Taylor series expansion of the harmonic Green’s function to spatially condense the underlying acoustic sources and preserve their multipole moments. Low-Mach-number flow around rigid-walled stationary bodies in a medium at rest at infinity is used to demonstrate the m-multipole particle-condensation method. The directivity of the sound pressure field due to the quadrupole sources is presented for the first four harmonics of .
Gestational diabetes in women with obesity; an analysis of clinical history and simple clinical/anthropometric measures

Aim We assessed clinical risk factors, anthropometric measures of adiposity and weight gain to determine associations with development of GDM in a cohort of pregnant women with obesity. Methods This was a secondary analysis of the UPBEAT trial of a complex lifestyle intervention in pregnant women with obesity (ISRCTN89971375). Clinical risk factors, and measures of adiposity and weight were assessed in the early 2nd trimester (mean 17 +0 weeks), and adiposity and weight repeated in the early 3rd trimester (mean 27 +5 weeks’). Results Of the 1117 women (median BMI 35.0 kg/m2) with complete data, 25.8% (n = 304) developed GDM (IADPSG criteria, OGTT 24-28weeks). Using multivariable analysis, early clinical risk factors associated with later development of GDM included age (adj OR 1.06 per year; 95% CI 1.04–1.09), previous GDM (3.27; 1.34–7.93) and systolic blood pressure (per 10mmHg, 1.34; 1.18–1.53). Anthropometric measures positively associated with GDM included second trimester (mean 17+0 weeks) subscapular skinfold thickness, (per 5mm, 1.12; 1.05–1.21), and neck circumference (per cm, 1.11; 1.05–1.18). GDM was not associated with gestational weight gain, or changes in skinfolds thicknesses or circumferences between visits. Conclusions In this cohort of women with obesity, we confirmed clinical risk factors for GDM, (age, systolic blood pressure) previously identified in heterogeneous weight women but add to these indices of adiposity which may provide a discriminatory approach to GDM risk assessment in this group. This study also underscores the need to focus on modifiable factors pre-pregnancy as an opportunity for GDM prevention, as targeting gestational weight gain and adiposity during pregnancy is likely to be less effective.
Determinants of late-onset neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Arba-Minch general hospital, southern Ethiopia

Introduction Neonatal sepsis can be either early (<7 Days) or late-onset ≥7days) neonatal sepsis depending on the day of the occurrence. Despite the decrement in early onset neonatal sepsis, there is still an increment in late-onset neonatal sepsis. Ethiopian demography and health survey report showed an increment in neonatal mortality in 2019/20. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the determinants of late-onset neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Arba-Minch general hospital, southern Ethiopia. Methods An institution based study was conducted from March 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021 in Arba-Minch general hospital. Cases were neonates diagnosed with late-onset neonatal sepsis with their index mother chart and controls were neonates admitted with other diagnoses at the same period. Cases and controls were selected consecutively. Data extraction tool and interview which was developed by reviewing different kinds of literature was used to collect data. Data were entered by using Epi data version 3.1software and transformed to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 software for analysis. The binary logistic regression model was used to assess determinants and variables with a p-value <0.2 were transformed to multivariable logistic regression then, a p-value < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval were used to declare significant association with the outcome variable. Result A total of 180 subjects (60 cases and 120 controls) were included in this study. The mean age of neonates was 12.1 days with standard deviations of 4.3. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that; history of either sexually transmitted disease /urinary tract infection [AOR = 9.4; 95%CI(3.1–28.5)], being preterm (gestational age of <37 weeks) [AOR = 4.9; 95%CI (1.7–13.7)], use of endotracheal intubation/mechanical intubation [AOR = 8.3; 95%CI (1.8–26.4)]and either mixed types of infant feeding option or formula feeding before admission [AOR = 12.7; 95%CI(3.7–42.8)]were significantly associated with late-onset neonatal sepsis. Conclusion and recommendations This study revealed that antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum factors have shown an association with late-onset neonatal sepsis. It is recommended to strengthen counseling and advice to mothers with specific risk factors of late-onset neonatal sepsis.
Socio-economic factors associated with adolescent pregnancy and motherhood: Analysis of the 2017 Ghana maternal health survey

Background Adolescent pregnancy and motherhood have been linked to several factors stemming from social, cultural and to a large extent economic issues. This study examined the socio-economic factors associated with adolescent pregnancy and motherhood in Ghana. Design This was a secondary analysis of the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey, which was a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. Data from 4785 adolescents aged between 15–19 years were included in the analysis. Adolescent pregnancy was defined as adolescents who have ever been pregnant, whiles adolescent motherhood was defined as adolescents who have ever given birth. Weighted logistic regression was used to assess the association between the socio-economic variables and adolescent pregnancy and motherhood. Results Of the 25062 women aged between 15 and 49 years included in the 2017 maternal health survey, 4785 (19.1%) were adolescents between 15–19 years. Adolescent pregnancy was reported in 14.6% (CI:13.2% -16.1%) of the respondents, whereas 11.8% (CI: 10.5% -13.1%) of the respondents had ever given birth. In the multivariate regression analysis, zone (p<0.001), wealth index (p<0.001), age (p<0.001), marital status (p<0.001) and level of education (p<0.001) were all significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy and motherhood. The odds of pregnancy and motherhood were significantly higher in the Middle and Coastal zones (p<0.001), and among older adolescents (p<0.001). However, the odds of pregnancy and motherhood was significantly lower among adolescents from households with the highest wealth index (p<0.001), among those who were never married (p<0.001) and among adolescents who had secondary/higher education (p<0.001). Conclusion Several socio-economic variables including education, household wealth, marital status and zone of residence were significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy and adolescent motherhood. Sexual and reproductive health education should be intensified among these populations. Adolescent friendly corners should be made available and accessible to all adolescents in Ghana irrespective of where they live or their age.
The ‘ForensOMICS’ approach for postmortem interval estimation from human bone by integrating metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics

The combined use of multiple omics allows to study complex interrelated biological processes in their entirety. We applied a combination of metabolomics, lipidomics and proteomics to human bones to investigate their combined potential to estimate time elapsed since death (i.e., the postmortem interval [PMI]). This ‘ForensOMICS’ approach has the potential to improve accuracy and precision of PMI estimation of skeletonized human remains, thereby helping forensic investigators to establish the timeline of events surrounding death. Anterior midshaft tibial bone was collected from four female body donors before their placement at the Forensic Anthropology Research Facility owned by the Forensic Anthropological Center at Texas State (FACTS). Bone samples were again collected at selected PMIs (219-790-834-872days). Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to obtain untargeted metabolomic, lipidomic, and proteomic profiles from the pre- and post-placement bone samples. The three omics blocks were investigated independently by univariate and multivariate analyses, followed by Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent variable approaches for Omics studies (DIABLO), to identify the reduced number of markers describing postmortem changes and discriminating the individuals based on their PMI. The resulting model showed that pre-placement metabolome, lipidome and proteome profiles were clearly distinguishable from post-placement ones. Metabolites in the pre-placement samples suggested an extinction of the energetic metabolism and a switch towards another source of fuelling (e.g., structural proteins). We were able to identify certain biomolecules with an excellent potential for PMI estimation, predominantly the biomolecules from the metabolomics block. Our findings suggest that, by targeting a combination of compounds with different postmortem stability, in the future we could be able to estimate both short PMIs, by using metabolites and lipids, and longer PMIs, by using proteins.
Invariant subspace theorems for amenable groups

In [5], Ky Fan proved the following remarkable amenability “invariant subspace” theorem: Let G be an amenable group of continuous, invertible linear operators acting on a locally convex space E. Let H be a closed subspace of finite codimension n in E and X⊂E be such that: (i) H and X are G-invariant; (ii) (e + H) ∩X is compact convex for all e ∈ E; (iii) X contains an n-dimensional subspace V of E. Then there exists an n-dimensional subspace of E contained in X and invariant under G.
Tuberculosis and risk of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Cancer is a major cause of death among people who experience tuberculosis (TB), but little is known about its timing and incidence following TB treatment. Our primary objectives were to estimate the pooled risk of all and site-specific malignancies in people with TB compared to the general population or suitable controls. Our secondary objective was to describe the pooled risk of cancer at different time points following TB diagnosis. Methods This study was prospectively registered (PROSPERO: CRD42021277819). We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database for studies published between 1980 and 2021. We included original observational research articles that estimated cancer risk among people with TB compared to controls. Studies were excluded if they had a study population of fewer than 50 individuals; used cross-sectional, case series, or case report designs; and had a follow-up period of less than 12 months. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to obtain the pooled risk of cancer in the TB population. Results Of the 5,160 unique studies identified, data from 17 studies were included. When compared to controls, the pooled standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of all cancer (SIR 1.62, 95% CI 1.35–1.93, I2 = 97%) and lung cancer (SIR 3.20, 95% CI 2.21–4.63, I2 = 90%) was increased in the TB population. The pooled risk of all cancers and lung cancer was highest within the first year following TB diagnosis (SIR 4.70, 95% CI 1.80–12.27, I2 = 99%) but remained over five years of follow-up. Conclusions People with TB have an increased risk of both pulmonary and non-pulmonary cancers. Further research on cancer following TB diagnosis is needed to develop effective screening and early detection strategies. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for cancer in people with TB, particularly in the first year following TB diagnosis.
Self-similarity of trailing vortices

Trailing vortices have been repeatedly shown to exhibit a remarkably robust self-similarity independent of the Reynolds number and upstream boundary conditions. The collapse of the inner-scaled circulation profiles of a trailing vortex has even been previously demonstrated for the cases of highly unsteady and turbulent vortex systems, as well as for vortices which were incompletely developed. A number of factors which contribute to and may artificially promote this self-similarity are discussed. It is shown that the amplitude of vortex “wandering” (or the random modulations in the vortex trajectory) observed in some experimental measurements are of sufficient amplitude to cause any arbitrary finite and axisymmetric flow structure to collapse with an idealized trailing vortex when scaled on inner parameters. It is further shown that, for the case of an incompletely developed wing-tip vortex, similarity in the outer core region may be an artefact of the rate of roll-up of the vortex sheet. Great care must, .
Dust formation in novae

Scaling from the observed time of dust formation in Nova FH Ser 1970 and using plausible assumptions for the postmaximum luminosities of novae, the time scale for observable dust to form in novae is t/sub d/approx. = (320/v) (L/L/sub sun/)/sup 1///sup 2/ days, where v is the expansion velocity in kilometers/sec. The predicted t/sub d/ are in reasonable agreement with observations of FH Ser- and DQ Her-type novae. Luminous novae such as V1500 Cyg 1975 do not form dust, and we suggest that ionization of the gas prevents grain condensation. A simple model for ionization of nova ejecta gives t/sub i/=2.2 x 10/sup 6//v (L/L/sub sun/)/sup 1///sup 3/ days. Novae with peak luminosities approximately-greater-than5 x 10/sup 4/L/sub sun/ have t/sub i/
Mapping of Areas with Elevated Indoor Radon Levels in Veneto

CRR, the Venetian Reference Laboratory for Environmental Radioactivity, is developing a map of the areas in Veneto with elevated indoor radon levels. Classification is based on analysis of the territorial distribution of radon concentration in dwellings recorded by means of CR-39 track detectors. Regional territory has been divided in 6.5 × 5.6 km 2 grid rectangles, in each of which at least five houses are monitored yearly. For each rectangle the geometric mean (GM) of five detections and the percentage of dwellings exceeding the reference level (assuming log-normal distribution) are evaluated. Measurements are normalised to ground floor condition, thus not being dependent on distance from soil but on geology and geography only; the ground floor radon value is then referred to the average house type using housing stock data. The methodology adopted is being tested through experimental assessments. Radon levels seem to be fairly well correlated with geology.
Upper bound limit analysis using discontinuous quadratic displacement fields

The classical lower and upper bound theorems allow the exact limit load for a perfectly plastic structure to be bracketed in a rigorous manner. When the bound theorems are implemented numerically in combination with the finite element method, the ability to obtain tight bracketing depends not only on the efficient solution of the arising optimization problem, but also on the effectiveness of the elements employed. Elements for (strict) upper bound analysis pose a particular difficulty since the flow rule is required to hold throughout each element, yet it can only be enforced at a finite number of points. For over 30 years, the standard choice for this type of analysis has been the constant strain element combined with discontinuities in the displacement field. Here we show that, provided certain conditions are observed, conventional linear strain triangles and tetrahedra can also be used to obtain strict upper bounds for a general convex yield function, even when the displacement field is discontinuous. A specific formulation for the Mohr-Coulomb criterion in plane strain is given in terms of second-order cone programming, and example problems are solved using both continuous and discontinuous quadratic displacement fields.