Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of fish on the bioavailability of plant iron in the anemic rat.

The effect of fish protein and fish oil on the utilization of endogenous iron in wheat bran, spinach and soy protein isolate was investigated by using the anemic rat as an animal model. Marine products were substituted for casein and corn oil in the diets of these animals. Hemoglobin regeneration was one criteria used to measure iron uptake. Relative biological values (RBV) were computed from a regression equation obtained from control animals receiving graded levels of FeSO4 X 7H2O. The RBV of iron from plant sources provided in diets containing casein-corn oil versus fish-fish oil were: wheat bran, 123 vs. 111%; spinach, 53 vs. 49%; and soybean isolate, 84 vs. 67%; RBV FeSO4 = 100%. These changes were not significant. The decreases in iron absorption from diets containing marine products was attributed to the fish oil. Absorption of exogenous iron (59Fe) was measured in the same animals after the 14-day repletion period. Assimilation of the 59Fe was highly correlated (r2 = 0.958) with hemoglobin level at time of dosing. Diet composition did not appear to have the same effect on the percentage of 59Fe retained after 110 hours by the rat as compared to levels of hemoglobin regeneration (i.e., RBV). A "meat factor" effect was not shown by substituting fish for casein the diets containing plant iron sources fed anemic rats.
Angle- and polarization-insensitive broadband metamaterial absorber using resistive fan-shaped resonators

In this paper, we propose an angle- and polarization-insensitive broadband metamaterial absorber with a resistive fan-shaped resonator. First, the symmetric fan-shaped resonator is designed, and four lumped resistors are loaded in the gap between each fan-shaped circular sector on the top layer to increase the bandwidth. Based on the circuit parameters, the periodic structure of the fan-shaped resonator is designed using full-wave analysis. The proposed absorber is fabricated using a printed circuit board process in a single layer. The experimental results indicate that an absorptivity value greater than 96% was achieved in the frequency range of 7–12.8 GHz for all polarization angles at normal incidence. Under oblique incidence, the measured absorptivity was greater than 90% in the range of 7–12.1 GHz when the incident angle varied from 0° to 45° in the transverse electric mode. In the transverse magnetic mode, the measured absorptivity was greater than 90% between 7.1 and 9.3 GHz when the incident angle.
MatBuilder: Mastering Sampling Uniformity Over Projections

Many applications ranging from quasi-Monte Carlo integration over op- timal control to neural networks benefit from high-dimensional, highly uniform samples. In the case of computer graphics, and more particularly in rendering, despite the need for uniformity, several sub-problems expose a low-dimensional structure. In this context, mastering sampling uniformity over projections while preserving high-dimensional uniformity has been intrinsically challenging. This difficulty may explain the relatively small number of mathematical constructions for such samplers. We propose a novel approach by showing that uniformity constraints can be expressed as an integer linear program that results in a sampler with the desired properties. As it turns out, complex constraints are easy to describe by means of stratification and sequence properties of digital nets. Formalized using generator matrix determinants, our new MatBuilder software solves the set of constraints by iterating the linear integer program solver in a greedy fashion to compute a problem-specific set of generator matrices that can be used as a drop-in replacement in the popular digital net samplers. The samplers created by MatBuilder achieve the uniformity of classic low discrepancy sequences. More importantly, we demonstrate the benefit of the unprecedented versatility of our constraint approach with respect to low-dimensional problem structure for several applications.
Smalltalk

Smalltalk is an object-oriented programming environment developed at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center over the last twelve years. All components of the Smalltalk environment are represented as objects that communicate by exchanging messages. This includes all of the common data types and operating system features found in a typical programming environment. For example, Smalltalk includes objects representing numbers, arrays, text, disk files, and independent processes. Messages are exchanged to initiate arithmetic calculation, data storage and retrieval, text editing, file access and process scheduling.
Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Importance Neural tube defects are among the most common major congenital anomalies in the United States and may lead to a range of disabilities or death. Daily folic acid supplementation in the periconceptional period can prevent neural tube defects. However, most women do not receive the recommended daily intake of folate from diet alone. Objective To update the 2009 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on folic acid supplementation in women of childbearing age. Evidence Review In 2009, the USPSTF reviewed the effectiveness of folic acid supplementation in women of childbearing age for the prevention of neural tube defects in infants. The current review assessed new evidence on the benefits and harms of folic acid supplementation. Findings The USPSTF assessed the balance of the benefits and harms of folic acid supplementation in women of childbearing age and determined that the net benefit is substantial. Evidence is adequate that the harms to the mother or infant from folic acid supplementation taken at the usual doses are no greater than small. Therefore, the USPSTF reaffirms its 2009 recommendation. Conclusions and Recommendation The USPSTF recommends that all women who are planning or capable of pregnancy take a daily supplement containing 0.4 to 0.8 mg (400-800 µg) of folic acid. (A recommendation)
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DRUG DIFFUSION THROUGH PEER NETWORKS: THE INFLUENCE OF INDUSTRY PAYMENTS

Pharmaceutical companies market to physicians through individual detailing accompanied by monetary or in-kind transfers. Large compensation payments to a small number of physicians account for most of this promotional spending. Studying US promotional payments and prescriptions for anticoagulant drugs, we investigate how peer influence broadens the payments’ reach. Following a compensation payment, prescriptions for the marketed drug increase by both the paid physician and the paid physician’s peers. Payments increase prescriptions to both recommended and contraindicated patients. Over three years, marketed anticoagulant prescriptions rose 23 percent due to payments, with peer spillovers contributing a quarter of the increase. Leila Agha Department of Economics Dartmouth College 6106 Rockefeller Hall Hanover, NH 03755 and NBER leila.agha@dartmouth.edu Dan Zeltzer The Eitan Berglas School of Economics Tel Aviv University P.O. Box 39040 Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel dzeltzer@tauex.tau. ac.il A data appendix is available at http://www.nber. org/data-appendix/w26338
Software Metrics Evaluation Based on Entropy

Software engineering activities in the Industry has come a l ong way with various improvements brought in various stages of the software development lif cycle. The complexity of modern software, the commercial constraints and the expectation f or high quality products demand the accurate fault prediction based on OO design metrics in the class leve l in the early stages of software development. The object oriented class metrics are used as quality predic tors in the entire OO software development life cycle even when a highly iterative, incremental model o r agile software process is employed. Recent research has shown some of the OO design metrics are useful fo r predicting fault-proneness of classes. In this paper the empirical validation of a set of metrics propo sed by Chidamber and Kemerer is performed to assess their ability in predicting the software quality i n terms of fault proneness and degradation. We have also proposed the design complexity of object-oriente d software with Weighted Methods per Class metric (WMC-CK metric) expressed in terms of Shannon entrop y, and error proneness.
Observation of Pines' Demon in Sr$_2$RuO$_4$

The characteristic excitation of a metal is its plasmon, which is a quantized collective oscillation of its electron density. In 1956, David Pines predicted that a distinct type of plasmon, dubbed a"demon,"could exist in three-dimensional metals containing more than one species of charge carrier. Consisting of out-of-phase movement of electrons in different bands, demons are acoustic, electrically neutral, and do not couple to light, so have never been detected in an equilibrium, three-dimensional metal. Nevertheless, demons are believed to be critical for diverse phenomena including phase transitions in mixed-valence semimetals, optical properties of metal nanoparticles,"soundarons"in Weyl semimetals, and high temperature superconductivity in, for example, metal hydrides. Here, we present evidence for a demon in Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ from momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy (M-EELS). Formed of electrons in the $\beta$ and $\gamma$ bands, the demon is gapless with a room temperature velocity $v=1.065 \pm 0.12 \times 10^5$ m/s and critical momentum $q_c=0.08$ reciprocal lattice units. Its spectral weight violates low-energy partial sum rules, affirming its neutral character. Our study confirms a 66-year old prediction and suggests that demons may be a pervasive feature of multiband metals.
Model-based Policy Optimization under Approximate Bayesian Inference

Model-based reinforcement learning algorithms (MBRL) present an exceptional potential to enhance sample efficiency within the realm of online reinforcement learning (RL). Nevertheless, a substantial proportion of prevalent MBRL algorithms fail to adequately address the dichotomy of exploration and exploitation. Posterior sampling reinforcement learning (PSRL) emerges as an innovative strategy adept at balancing exploration and exploitation, albeit its theoretical assurances are contingent upon exact inference. In this paper, we show that adopting the same methodology as in exact PSRL can be suboptimal under approximate inference. Motivated by the analysis, we propose an improved factorization for the posterior distribution of polices by removing the conditional independence between the policy and data given the model. By adopting such a posterior factorization, we further propose a general algorithmic framework for PSRL under approximate inference and a practical instantiation of it. Empirically, our algorithm can surpass baseline methods by a significant margin on both dense rewards and sparse rewards tasks from the Deepmind control suite, OpenAI Gym and Metaworld benchmarks.
Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy Indian

Abstract Introduction: Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is one of the common disorders characterised by cutaneous pigmentary changes due to the colonisation of the stratum corneum by a lipophilic fungus, Malassezia. It can occur at any age but is most commonly seen in young adults and is relatively rare in children. PV is not easy to cure, as relapse after the treatment can be as high as 80% within 2 years. Case Summary: The case reported here is of PV in 6-month-old child who was treated successfully with individualised homoeopathic medicine for 6 months. Sulphur was prescribed based on the totality of symptoms. Causal attribution of changes was assessed by Modified Naranjo Criteria. The patient had been observed for more than 2 years without recurrence. Treatment with homoeopathy should be explored in such recurrent and relapsing skin disorders.
Comparison of Discriminant Analysis and Logistic Regression Analysis: An Application on Caesarean Births and Natural Births Data

The discriminant analysis DA and the logistic regression analysis LRA are two statistical techniques used for analyzing data and predicting group membership from a set of predictors. Many applications have been done in this area. In this paper, we have been focus for the comparison of the two statistical techniques through applying on real data and exactly on caesarean births and natural births data. The comparison was depending on two statistical criteria; apparent error rate AER and apparent correct classification rate ACCR and performing stepwise procedure. The results of the analysis showed that the performance of both techniques gave high ability in discriminating the kind of birth, whereas DA slightly exceeds LRA in the apparent correct classification rate and performed better than LRA in the births data. On the other hand, the results of DA showed that out of ten predicted variables, seven predictors exhibited strong evidence in classifying and discriminating the kind of birth, while the results of LRA showed that six predicted variables out of ten predictors have contributed significantly to discriminate the kind of birth. The suitable model for both techniques has been estimated depending on the selected predictors.
Antecedents and Impact of Intranet Utilization: A Conceptual Framework

Intranet is a term used to describe the use of Internet technologies internally within an organization rather than externally to connect to the global Internet. While the advancement and the sophistication of the intranet is progressing tremendously, research on intranet utilization is still very scant. This paper is an attempt to provide a conceptual understanding of the intranet utilization and the corresponding antecedents and impacts through the proposed conceptual model. Based on several research frameworks built through past research, the authors attempt to propose a framework for studying intranet utilization that is based on three constructs i.e. mode of utilizations, decision support and knowledge sharing. Three groups of antecedent variables namely intranet, organizational and individual characteristics are explored to determine their possible contribution to intranet utilization. In addition, the impacts of intranet utilization are also examined in terms of task productivity, task innovation and individual sense of accomplishments. Based on the proposed model, several propositions are formulated as a basis for the study that will follow.
The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resource Issues Direct Marketing of Fresh Produce: Understanding Consumer Purchasing Decisions

Direct marketing via farmers' markets, roadside stands, community supported agriculture (CSA) programs, and other outlets, is integral to the prosperity of many small fruit and vegetable farms. 1 Through direct marketing, producers are able to establish a closer relationship with consumers , avoid expenses associated with using a broker or wholesaler, and increase their profits (USDA-AMS, 2002a). Moreover, direct marketing may be one of the most effective marketing system strategies to address emerging demand for more local food systems (Pirog, 2004). Evidence of direct marketing's popularity among producers can be found in the growth of the number of farm-ers' markets countrywide. The United States Department of Agriculture reported that between 1994 and 2006, the number of U.S. farmers' markets more than doubled to over 3,700, and the value of U.S. agricultural products directly sold increased thirty-seven percent from $592 million to $812 million (USDA-AMS, 2002b). Furthermore, the 2002 USDA Ag Census found that the number of farmers using direct marketing channels grew from 110,639 in 1997 to 116,733 in 2002, while the average value of direct marketing per farm rose from $5,349 to $6,958 over the same time period. American consumption trends may be contributing to growth in produce-related direct marketing channels. According to the 2004 USDA Vegetables and Melons Situation and Outlook, U.S. per capita consumption of fresh vegetables and melons increased by 52.6% between 1979 and 2004. Increased demand may have consumers seeking out new sources, including direct marketing channels, to satisfy their desire for fresh produce. Furthermore, a significant number of consumers have expressed a willingness to pay a premium for environmentally friendly (e.g., organic) and locally produced products, both of which are common offerings at many farmers markets and CSA programs (Wimberley et al., 2003). In addition to farmers' markets, producers may choose to develop their own marketing enterprises, including " pick-your-own " farms and on-farm produce stands, as a way to capture consumers who may drive by or be seeking an on-farm experience. Other programs, like the afore-mentioned CSAs, allow producers to spread production risk over a number of shareholders by selling shares of the farm production prior to the growing season. As such, direct marketing strategies may play a role in supporting the financial prosperity of small-and medium-sized farms. This article contributes to the understanding of direct produce marketing by reporting some key results from a national survey that collected data on consumers' fresh …
Issues in validation of pre-sliding friction models for ultra-high precision positioning

Friction is one of the main disturbances in nanometric positioning. Recently, it was shown that ultra-high precision positioning typically happens in the pre-sliding motion regime where friction is characterized by an elasto-plastic nonlinear hysteretic behavior with a marked stochastic variability. With the aim of providing the tools for the development of robust control typologies for ultra-high precision mechatronics devices, different pre-sliding friction models are thus considered in this work. The most relevant ones are hence experimentally validated, as well as compared in terms of the complexity of identifying their characteristic parameters and of simulating the factual dynamic response. It is hence shown that the generalized Maxwell-slip model can account for all the important pre-sliding frictional effects in nanometric positioning applications. A thorough sensitivity analysis of the parameters of the generalized Maxwell-slip model model is therefore performed allowing to establish that three Maxwell-slip blocks are the minimum needed to approximate the behavior of the real precision positioning systems, six blocks allow representing excellently the real behavior, while the slower dynamics, which induces a difficult real-time implementation, with a very limited gain in terms of model accuracy, does not justify the usage of a larger number of elements.
Construction of soliton solutions of the matrix modified Korteweg-de Vries equation

Nonlinear evolution equations known also as non-commutative soliton equations are considered. In particular, the matrix modified Korteweg-deVries (mKdV) equation is studied. Based on Bäcklund transformations which allow to reveal algebraic properties as well as construct solutions of nonlinear evolution equations, a method to construct explicit solutions is presented. The produced solutions can be considered as soliton solutions; they exhibit the typical behaviour of solitons. Indeed, they are shown to represent a generalisation of the corresponding scalar solutions. Finally, perspectives concerning the construction of soliton solutions admitted by further matrix equations are given.
Genetic modification of the association between peripubertal dioxin exposure and pubertal onset in a cohort of Russian boys

Genetic modification of the association between peripubertal dioxin exposure and pubertal onset in a cohort of Russian boys" (2013). Cell and Developmental Biology Publications and Presentations. Paper 118. Most diseases arise from the interplay between environmental factors and genetic susceptibility (Bookman et al. 2011). A substantial number of gene–environment interactions have been identified and replicated in epide-miologic studies (Hunter 2005). However, many environmental factors have yet to be assessed in gene–environment studies, including exposure to dioxins. Dioxins are a class of persistent environmental pollutants that have been linked to cancer (Michalek and Pavuk 2008), diabetes (Consonni et al. 2008), car-diovascular disease (Humblet et al. 2008), and endocrine disruption (Pavuk et al. 2003). Different rat strains have lethal doses (median lethal dose, at 50%; LD 50) of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) that vary by a factor of 1,000 (Pohjanvirta et al. 1993). Dioxins may therefore be an environmental exposure for which genetic factors affect susceptibility. Identifying genetically susceptible subgroups is important for ascertaining the exposure levels that are sufficiently low to protect the most vulnerable members of the population, and may also clarify dioxin's mechanisms of action. Dioxin's mechanism of action has been studied for > 30 years (Okey 2007), which facilitates the study of gene–environment susceptibility. Dioxins bind to the aryl hydro carbon receptor (AhR), which, after dissociating from its complex of chaperone proteins in the cytoplasm (including HSP90 and XAP2) translocates to the nucleus. There it forms a complex with the ARNT protein, which binds to dioxin-responsive elements and alters the expression patterns of a large number of genes (Franc et al. 2008). In addition to its direct effect on transcription, the AhR is involved in many protein–protein inter actions, including with various protein kinases, and pathways related to cell-cycle progression and apoptosis (Puga et al. 2009). Although the specific molecular mechanisms that transduce the toxic effects of dioxins are not fully understood , the pathways described above provide a ready list of potential genes that might affect susceptibility to dioxin exposure, thus allowing a targeted genetic approach. There is currently no clear consensus over the optimal statistical method for analyzing medium-to large-scale gene–environment interaction studies (Thomas 2010) in order to minimize false positives due to testing many of these interactions. One common approach reviewed by the NIEHS, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, nor does the mention of …
Rilonacept in the management of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes ( CAPS )

Correspondence: Michael F McDermott NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (NIHR-LMBRU), Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine (LIMM), wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James’s University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK Tel +44 (0113) 343 8641 Fax +44 (0113) 343 8502 email medmmc@leeds.ac. uk Abstract: Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) are a subgroup of the hereditary periodic fever syndromes, which are rare autoinflammatory and inherited disorders, characterized by recurrent inflammation and varying degrees of severity. CAPS are thought to be driven by excessive production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), through over-activation of the inflammasome by gain of function mutations in the gene encoding cryopyrin (NLRP3). This conclusion is supported by the remarkable efficacy of IL-1β blockade in these conditions. Rilonacept (Arcalyst; Regeneron) is the first uS Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome and Muckle–Wells syndrome and the first in a new line of drugs designed for longer-acting IL-1 blockade. Rilonacept has been associated with a decrease in disease activity, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) in the treatment of CAPS. The clinical safety and efficacy of rilonacept in CAPS and non-CAPS populations will be summarized in this review. Rilonacept is also beneficial for patients who tolerate injections poorly, due to an extended half-life over the unapproved CAPS treatment, anakinra, requiring weekly rather than daily self-administration. Other autoinflammatory disorders may also benefit from rilonacept treatment, with clinical trials in progress for systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, gout and familial mediterranean fever.