Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perturbative approach to high-energy-electron surface-resonance scattering

Recently, an exact expression has been developed to determine the elastic reflection coefficient for the phenomenon of surface resonance in reflection high-energy-electron diffraction @S. L. Dudarev and M. J. Whelan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 1032 ~1994! #. Following this proposal, diagrammatic techniques are used to obtain a series expansion for the resonant reflection coefficient with respect to an array of noninteracting Breit-Wigner scatterers. Application to the ~111! surface of platinum within the weak-potential scattering regime reveals, within the uncertainty of the scattering parameters, that only the lowest-order result is required. This disputes the contention ~in this case! that the Breit-Wigner scattering law is violated. From an analysis of the convergence properties of the series, it is found that this is due primarily to incoherent resonant scattering within the bulk between the ~111! planes. In turn, its origin is the off-Bragg scattering condition associated with weak-potential scattering. On the other hand, for the case of strong-potential scattering in which the Bragg condition is satisfied, the perturbation series breaks down and the exact solution is needed. We then develop a renormalized perturbation expansion with respect to the Breit-Wigner scattering vertex in the intermediate regime, where there is still strong-potential scattering. Correspondingly, a more general convergence criterion is determined. We conclude by showing that the developed perturbation expansion and convergence criterion retain their form for an arbitrary number of interacting resonant modes. @S0163-1829~97! 02512-5#
Ultrafast optical parametric amplifiers

Over the last decade there have been spectacular developments in ultrafast laser technology, due to the introduction of solid state active materials and of new mode-locking and amplification techniques. These advances, together with the discovery of new nonlinear optical crystals, have fostered the introduction of ultrafast optical parametric amplifiers as a practical source of femtosecond pulses tunable across the visible and infrared spectral ranges. This article summarizes the recent progress in the development of ultrafast optical parametric amplifiers, giving the basic design principles for different frequency ranges and in addition presenting some advanced designs for the generation of ultrabroadband, few-optical-cycle pulses. Finally, we also briefly discuss the possibility of applying parametric amplification schemes to large-scale, petawatt-level systems.
Perceived Religious Pressures as an Antecedent to Self-Reported Religious/Spiritual Development and Well-Being for Christians

Past research has confirmed the utility of environmental variables, and perceptions of religious pressure (RP) in particular, in predicting faith maturity and religious schema scores for participants from Christian environments. Whether environmental variables predict religious development and whether religious development, in turn, leads to greater well-being for individuals from broader environments remain unknown. Utilizing participants from both Christian and non-Christian environments, the current study measures religious development variables that were constructed based on self-determination theory (SDT). We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate our hypothesis that religious pressures RP and autonomy supportive environment (ASE) are antecedents to religious/spiritual relatedness (R/S-R) and self-mastery (R/S-S), which in turn lead to greater well-being, as determined by the presence of meaning in life (MIL). Results indicate that both environmental variables of RP and ASE predicted higher scores on religious/spiritual relatedness and self-mastery, and this led to self-reports of greater well-being for both samples. Therefore, members of the broader religious environment of Christianity responded to RP similarly, implying that certain commonalities may shape Christians’ cognitions around obedience to God and authority across settings, although this result should be interpreted with caution. Further implications of these findings are explored and recommendations for future research provided.
{alpha} resonance structure in {sup 11}B studied via resonant scattering of {sup 7}Li+{alpha}

A new measurement of {alpha} resonant scattering on {sup 7}Li was performed over the excitation energy of 10.2-13.0 MeV in {sup 11}B at the low-energy RI beam facility CNS Radioactive Ion Beam separator (CRIB) of the Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo. The excitation function of {sup 7}Li+{alpha} at 180 deg. in the center-of-mass system was successfully measured for the first time with the inverse kinematics method, providing important information on the {alpha} cluster structure in {sup 11}B and the reaction rate of {sup 7}Li({alpha},{gamma}), which is relevant to the {sup 11}B production in the {nu} process in core-collapse supernovae. The excitation function of the {sup 7}Li({alpha},p) reaction cross section for 11.7-13.1 MeV was also measured.
An Examination of Multidimensional Time Perspective and Mental Health Outcomes

We examined the associations between time perspective and mental health outcomes (N = 337; Mage = 22.74, SDage = 5.59; 76% female). Time perspective included multiple dimensions (feelings, frequency, orientation, and relation) and time periods (past, present, and future). Mental health outcomes included depressive symptoms, anxiety, and rumination. To demonstrate the reliability of the time perspective scales, test–retest analyses were completed. Multivariate analyses showed that (a) positive feelings about time were associated with lower anxiety; (b) negative feelings about time were associated with greater anxiety; and (c) more frequent thoughts about the past were associated with greater depressive symptoms and anxiety. Associations remained when controlling for anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Moreover, (a) positive feelings about time were associated with lower rumination; (b) negative feelings about time were associated with greater rumination; and (c) more frequent thoughts about the past were associated with greater rumination. Time perspective scales yielded scores that were moderate to high in test–retest reliability. Findings demonstrate the value of examining separate time perspective dimensions and time periods. Results highlight the role of time perspective in mental health interventions for adults.
Brace-Free Rehabilitation after Isolated Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Hamstring Tendon Autograft Is Not Inferior to Brace-Based Rehabilitation—A Randomised Controlled Trial

Purpose: The postoperative use of a rehabilitative knee brace after isolated primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) using a hamstring tendon (HT) autograft is controversial. A knee brace may provide subjective safety but can cause damage if applied incorrectly. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a knee brace on clinical outcomes following isolated ACLR using HT autograft. Methods: In this prospective randomised trial, 114 adults (32.4 ± 11.5 years, 35.1% women) underwent isolated ACLR using HT autograft after primary ACL rupture. Patients were randomly assigned to wear either a knee brace (n = 58) or no brace (n = 56) for 6 weeks postoperatively. An initial examination was performed preoperatively, and at 6 weeks and 4, 6, and 12 months. The primary endpoint was the subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score to measure participants’ subjective perceptions. Secondary endpoints included objective knee function assessed by IKDC, instrumented knee laxity measurements, isokinetic strength tests of the knee extensors and flexors, Lysholm Knee Score, Tegner Activity Score, Anterior Cruciate Ligament—Return to Sport after Injury Score, and quality of life determined by Short Form-36 (SF36). Results: There were no statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences in IKDC scores between the two study groups (3.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.39 to 7.97, p = 0.03 for evidence of non-inferiority of brace-free compared with brace-based rehabilitation). The difference in Lysholm score was 3.20 (95% CI −2.47 to 8.87); the difference in SF36 physical component score 0.09 (95% CI −1.93 to 3.03). In addition, isokinetic testing did not reveal any clinically relevant differences between the groups (n.s.). Conclusions: Brace-free rehabilitation is non-inferior to a brace-based protocol regarding physical recovery 1 year after isolated ACLR using HT autograft. Consequently, the use of a knee brace might be avoided after such a procedure. Level of Evidence: Level I, therapeutic study.
Vectorial geometric field tracing through GRIN media and fibers (I)

Ray path and optical path length can be calculated with the ray equation for graded-index media using Runge-Kutta method till the 4th order(RK4). [1, 2] The polarization state can be calculated from equation of polarization, which is derived from Maxwell equations combining the approximation of geometrical optics. [3] The amplitude can be calculated by intensity law of geometrical optics [4]. After both polarization and amplitude are known, the vectorial field along rays can be calculated. Combining with the proper interpolation method, vectorial field within GRIN or fibers (3D) is known everywhere. In this report, we focus on the calculation of polarization state along rays by using RK4.
Shear band melting and serrated flow in metallic glasses

Scanning electron microscopy observations of shear steps on Zr-based bulk metallic glasses show direct evidence of shear band melting due to heat generated by elastic energy release. The estimated range of attained temperatures and the observed morphologies are consistent with shear steps forming at a subsonic speed limited by a required redistribution of local microscopic stresses. The calculations indicate that a 0. 2μm layer melts in the vicinity of a shear band forming a 1μm shear step. The plastic part of the stress strain curve is serrated but a majority of shear events are not associated to serrations.
Different Species of Epigeic and Anecic Earthworms Cause Similarly Effective and Beneficial Biocomposting—A Case Study Involving the Pernicious Aquatic Weed Salvinia (Salvinia molesta, Mitchell)

As reported recently by the present authors, vermicomposting by the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida transforms the highly ligninous and allelopathic aquatic weed salvinia (Salvinia molesta) into a benign organic fertilizer. The present study was carried out with four other earthworm species, including three epigeic species of different sizes and phytophagic habits: Eisenia andrei, Lumbricus rubillus, and Perionyx sansibaricus. One anecic species, with geophytophagous habits, was also explored for comparison: Drawida willsi. The objective was to see whether the type of salvinia transformation caused by E. fetida is a general phenomenon or whether there are significant differences in the nature of biocomposts generated by different earthworm species. Accordingly, the characteristics of the biocomposts separately generated by each of the six species mentioned above were assessed with UV-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The studies reveal that, with minor variations, the biocomposting by all four species was able to remove the intransigence of salvinia and impart plant/soil-friendly attributes to it in substantial measures. All the findings obtained with different techniques corroborated each other in arriving at this conclusion. Hence, it can be said that, in general, biocomposting by earthworms takes away the toxicity of pernicious weeds such as salvinia, converting them into plant-friendly and soil-friendly biofertilizers.
Effect of Chitosan-Diosgenin Combination on Wound Healing

The difficult-to-heal wounds continue to be a problem for modern medicine. Chitosan and diosgenin possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects making them relevant substances for wound treatment. That is why this work aimed to study the effect of the combined application of chitosan and diosgenin on a mouse skin wound model. For the purpose, wounds (6 mm diameter) were made on mice’s backs and were treated for 9 days with one of the following: 50% ethanol (control), polyethylene glycol (PEG) in 50% ethanol, chitosan and PEG in 50% ethanol (Chs), diosgenin and PEG in 50% ethanol (Dg) and chitosan, diosgenin and PEG in 50% ethanol (ChsDg). Before the first treatment and on the 3rd, 6th and 9th days, the wounds were photographed and their area was determined. On the 9th day, animals were euthanized and wounds’ tissues were excised for histological analysis. In addition, the lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein oxidation (POx) and total glutathione (tGSH) levels were measured. The results showed that ChsDg had the most pronounced overall effect on wound area reduction, followed by Chs and PEG. Moreover, the application of ChsDg maintained high levels of tGSH in wound tissues, compared to other substances. It was shown that all tested substances, except ethanol, reduced POx comparable to intact skin levels. Therefore, the combined application of chitosan and diosgenin is a very promising and effective medication for wound healing.
The Influence of Individual and Contextual Factors on the Vocational Choices of Adolescents and Their Impact on Well-Being

Adolescents who have to make decisions regarding their future career or academic path can be greatly influenced by parental expectations and other individual and contextual factors. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of adolescent–parent career congruence on adolescents’ well-being and future intention to enroll in a university course. The recruitment of participants took place through a combination of convenience sampling and snowball sampling. A sample of 142 high school students who are managing their decisions for the future completed an online questionnaire. Data were analyzed through a path analysis (SEM) with observed variables, and different indices were evaluated to check the model goodness of fit. The data show that congruence with parents’ wishes has a significant effect on academic motivation, work hope and mattering, which in turn have a positive and significant effect on both future intentions to undertake university studies and on the participants’ occupational well-being. In line with past studies, our results demonstrate correlations between adolescent–parent career congruence in career exploration and decision making, pointing out in particular the influence due to complementary congruence with mothers. Furthermore, our study underscores the important role played by both individual and contextual factors in adolescent well-being and intentions for their future. Finally, implications for the practice of vocational guidance practitioners are discussed.
Role of routine ultrasound in first trimester of pregnancy

Introduction: Ultrasound is a specific method of examination in early stages of pregnancy, with a specificity of 97.6% 1 . It usually determines the location and viability of a pregnancy and gestational age by 5 weeks of pregnancy 2 . In addition to these other conditions like uterine anomalies, adnexal diseases, and cervical length can all be diagnosed in the first trimester. 3 First trimester ultrasound can predict the chorionicity, type of twinning in multiple gestations, which allows for appropriate counselling and management 4. Aims and Objectives: To emphasize the importance of routine ultrasound in first trimester of pregnancy in detecting and dating gestation, its viability and early detection of anomalies. And to diagnose an early pregnancy failure and multiple gestation. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted at KIMS, Narketpally involving 30 pregnant women within 12 weeks of gestation attending antenatal OPD. Results and Conclusion: In this study of 30 pregnant women all are intrauterine pregnancies, of which 2 had early pregnancy failure, 2 of them showed sub chorionic collection, 1 had bicornuate uterus (Mullerian anomaly), 3 of them with no cardiac activity requiring follow up scan, 1 showed intrauterine pregnancy with associated hemorrhagic ovarian cyst and 1 intrauterine pregnancy with associated fibroid were identified. Hence the study showed the routine ultrasound in first trimester was helpful to detect and date pregnancy, identify nonviable Pregnancies, cervical length in diagnosing cervical incompetence and hence has significant role in Evaluation of first trimester of pregnancy.
Can self‐compassion help us better understand the impact of pulmonary hypertension on those with the condition and their carers? A cross‐sectional analysis

Abstract Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can have a multifaced impact both on the affected individual and close family members. However there are relatively few studies that have sought to identify potential protective factors. Individual differences in ability to be self‐compassionate are known to be implicated in adjustment in other long‐term conditions and are now featuring in the provision of care for a number of conditions. This is a cross‐sectional study that investigated the relationship between self‐compassion, demographic, PH‐related information, and measures of psychosocial functioning in adults with PH (n = 65) and caregivers (n = 29). Individuals with PH and caregivers of someone with PH completed self‐report measures on demographic and clinical factors, anxiety, depression, self‐compassion, and in those with PH, health‐related quality of life, and in carers, caregiver burden. Data were analyzed using hierarchical regression analyses. Surprisingly, participants with PH and caregivers did not significantly differ on rates of depression (p = 0.19) or anxiety (p = 0.57) with both scoring relatively high. Components of self‐compassion were associated with psychological functioning in both individuals and caregivers. Greater self‐compassion was associated with fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression, and greater health‐related quality of life in individuals with PH and lower burden in caregivers. More specifically, multiple regression analyses revealed after controlling for age, gender, and duration of PH, self‐compassion was a significant predictor of anxiety and depression in people with PH, and of anxiety and caregiver burden in carers. These findings add to the evidence base indicating that there can be a range of burdens experienced by both people living with PH and their wider families. Further, this study uniquely suggests that psychological and supportive interventions that seek to build self‐compassion may be useful to develop and test in this clinical group.
Prevalence of diabetes in the USA from the perspective of demographic characteristics, physical indicators and living habits based on NHANES 2009-2018

Objective To determine differences in DM in the U.S. population according to demographic characteristics, physical indicators and living habits. Methods 23 546 participants in the 2009 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who were 20 year of age or older and not pregnant. All analyses used weighted samples and considered the stratification and clustering of the design. Specific indicators include length of leg (cm), BMI (kg/cm2), TCHOL (mg/dL), fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) and comparison of means and the proportion of participants with DM. Results The prevalence of DM in the USA has been rising modestly in the past decade, and were consistent and robust for the observed differences in age, sex, and ethnicity. Compared with white participants, black participants and Mexican-American were both more likely (P<0.001) to have diabetes: 14.6% (CI, 13.6% to 15.6%) among black participants, 10.6% (CI, 9.9% to 11.3%) among white participants, and 13.5% (CI, 11.9% to 15.2%) among Mexican-American participants. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing with age, males peaked around the 60s, and women around the 70s. The overall mean leg length and TCHOL was lower in diabetics than in non-diabetics (1.07 cm, 18.67 mg/dL, respectively), while mean BMI were higher in diabetics than in non-diabetics (4.27 kg/cm2). DM had the greatest effect on decline of TCHOL in white participants (23.6 mg/dL), less of an effect in black participants (9.67 mg/dL), and the least effect in Mexican-American participants (8.25 mg/dL). Notably, smoking had great effect on percent increment of DM in whites (0.2%), and have little effect on black and Mexican-Americans. Conclusions DM is more common in the general population than might be clinically recognized, and the prevalence of DM was associated to varying degrees with many indicators of demographic characteristics, physical indicators, and living habits. These indicators should be linked with medical resource allocation and scientific treatment methods to comprehensively implement the treatment of DM.
ON LORD'S PARADOX

Lord's Paradox is analyzed in terms of a simple mathematical model for causal inference. The resolution of Lord's Paradox from this perspective has two aspects. First, the descriptive, non-causal conclusions of the two hypothetical statisticians are both correct. They appear contradictory only because they describe quite different aspects of the data. Second, the causal inferences of the statisticians are neither correct nor incorrect since they are based on different assumptions that our mathematical model makes explicit but neither assumption can be tested using the data set that is described in the example. We identify these differing assumptions and show how each may be used to justify the differing causal conclusions of the two statisticians. In addition to analyzing the classic “diet” example which Lord used to introduce his paradox, we also examine three other examples that appear in the three papers where Lord discusses the paradox and related matters.
Chemical Compositions and Experimental and Computational Modeling of the Anticancer Effects of Cnidocyte Venoms of Jellyfish Cassiopea andromeda and Catostylus mosaicus on Human Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells

Nowadays, major attention is being paid to curing different types of cancers and is focused on natural resources, including oceans and marine environments. Jellyfish are marine animals with the ability to utilize their venom in order to both feed and defend. Prior studies have displayed the anticancer capabilities of various jellyfish. Hence, we examined the anticancer features of the venom of Cassiopea andromeda and Catostylus mosaicus in an in vitro situation against the human pulmonary adenocarcinoma (A549) cancer cell line. The MTT assay demonstrated that both mentioned venoms have anti-tumoral ability in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis proved that both venoms can increase some pro-apoptotic factors and reduce some anti-apoptotic molecules that lead to the inducing of apoptosis in A549 cells. GC/MS analysis demonstrated some compounds with biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic showed the best position of each biologically active component on the different death receptors, which are involved in the process of apoptosis in A549 cells. Ultimately, this study has proven that both venoms of C. andromeda and C. mosaicus have the capability to suppress A549 cells in an in vitro condition and they might be utilized in order to design and develop brand new anticancer agents in the near future.