Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving the Well-Being of Adolescent Girls in Developing Countries

constraints that likely hinder girls’ educational attainment, encourage early fertility, and encourage early marriage. This framework then highlights some of the various interventions that seek to relax these constraints and, in turn, improve our three outcomes of interest. Based on this framework, we categorize interventions into several categories and conduct a narrative literature review analyzing the success that each category of intervention has had on changing each of our three outcomes of interest. Using this review, we then provide detailed policy strategies to improve each outcome. Finally, we discuss several promising future research avenues that we believe will help improve policy guidance for enhancing the well-being of adolescent girls in developing settings. in a dowry setting, Adams and Andrew (2019) argue that parents in Rajasthan, India put little intrinsic value in their daughter’s education and consider age to be negatively correlated with her marriage prospects – leading to a rapid transition into marriage once an adolescent girl drops out of school. Hence, policies that successfully increase school attainment among girls would reduce child marriage. The heterogeneous effects of income shocks and cash transfers on teen marriage and fertility highlight the importance of considering the interaction of (economic) policies with norms and institutions. Our suggests stay unmarried, which is awkward policy for a to put in that CCTs secondary schooling, to prevent programs targeting recent dropouts to quickly return to school, interventions that going to school along with (or age marriage as well accumulation and female empowerment. 30 As most in school are unmarried, a successful CCT program for would delay And, married, encourage secondary school (and even continuing on to university) and help with family planning delay first pregnancies and space births properly. The package of policies would need to be tailored when applied elsewhere: e.g., UCTs would deserve more serious consideration in sub-Saharan Africa (Corno et al. 2020).
The critical success factors to remote development of construction management skills and competencies in Nigeria

Purpose Construction management skills and competencies (CMSC) are of greatest importance for the industry to succeed and thrive. Some factors are critical to CSMC development. Hence, following the restrictions occasioned by the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, this study reviewed and examined these factors to understand their level of influence in the remote development of CMSC adopted by the industry within and post the disruptions induced by the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a quantitative and descriptive research method. Data were sourced from 155 completed and usable survey questionnaires with registered and licensed engineering and construction professionals practicing in both private and public sectors in Nigeria. Participants were drawn from the membership database of the Nigeria Society of Engineers. Findings The identified critical success factors (CSFs) are categorised into organisational factors which include leadership, engineering project networks and eLearning, measurement and review system, strategy and resources, organisational culture, tradition and structure. In addition to individual factors in this order of influence; willingness to learn, promotion and career development, obtaining certified qualification and obtaining respect of peers are CSFs of remote development of CMSC in Nigeria. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to identify and examine the CSFs to remote development of CMSC tailored to developing countries in Africa. It explored the two categories of CSFs in both remote and traditional CMSC developments and established that the organisational factors remain positively dominants in traditional as well as in remote development of CMSC. It further ranked the individual factors in their order of influence in Nigeria, offered insights into motivation of construction management trainees in developing countries and offered areas of improvements such as quality of training and certification.
Fundamentals of Engineering Exam: Motivation/Review Enhances Pass Rate

One of the most important phases of the registration process involves satisfactory completion of the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) examination. This paper describes a FE review course which has been operating since 1980. The course has been successful in that 93% of the students (100% for civil engineers) completing the sequence have passed the Fundamentals Examination. The review emphasizes, over a seven-week period, the engineering sciences (statics, dynamics, solid mechanics, circuits, thermodynamics, engineering economy, and fluids) that compose approximately two-thirds of the questions on the exam. It is assumed that the students are motivated to study on their own the remaining one-third of the material that includes, in part, questions on chemistry, computer programming, materials, and mathematics. A pretest, final practice exam, and independent student evaluation are also conducted. The findings indicate that well-motivated students, who complete a comprehensive review course, experience a high pass rate on the Fundamentals of Engineering examination.
Control of vector discrete-event systems in the context of operational safety

The aim of this paper is to use the vector discrete-event system (VDES) model in the context of operational safety (OpS). The purpose of OpS is to design and synthesise optimally suited reactivity control over critical failures so as to ensure degraded functioning. OpS attempts to integrate several control techniques which permit continuing production under failure, subject to specific accepted risk. Problems involving controllability, stability and optimization may arise and we propose to investigate them in the framework of VDES in which a useful class of control system can be compactly modeled.
The use of acoustic streaming in Sub-micron particle sorting

Abstract The lack of personal particulate matter (PM) monitoring technique hinders the knowledge of the negative health impacts caused by inhaling PM. Acoustophoresis has a potential to produce miniature particle sorters that can be carried inside human’s breath zone. Micron particles can be manipulated by Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF), but sub-micron particles can hardly be directed due to Acoustic Streaming Effect (ASE). The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of sorting sub-micron particles using ASE. In this study, a 2 D numerical model is used to simulate the movement of sub-micron particles, ranging from 0.1 µm to 0.9 µm in diameter with 0.1 µm step size, suspended in a microchannel. Since tiny particles circulate according to the streaming pattern, which depends on the geometry of the container, the effect of the microchannel’s cross-sectional shape on particle movement is investigated, from rectangular to non-rectangular. Results found that sub-micron particles are characterized as either ARF-dominant or ASE-dominant. ARF-dominant particles stop at the pressure node and sidewalls, while ASE-dominant particles are trapped by the streaming flow inside a certain area defined by the particle size. Larger ASE-dominant particles move in a narrower region close to the sidewalls; smaller particles occupy a wider area. Since ASE-dominant particles can be directed outside the settling location of ARF-dominated particles, separating them can reach 98.9% purity in a non-rectangular microchannel. Most importantly, separating ASE-dominant particles of different sizes is shown possible using a triangular microchannel. The findings imply that ASE can be the mechanism for sub-micron particle sorting. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research
PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTS IN CANE SHREDDER RESEARCH

This paper describes preliminary experiments carried out with a specially instrumented pilot plant shredder. The experimental work was carried out by B. M. Hunt and Dr. C . E. Russell in the laboratory of the Mechanical Engineering Department of the University of Queensland and was done in close collaboration with the Sugar Research Institute who provided the finance for the project as well as the belt conveyor used for feeding cane into the shredder. The remainder of the apparatus was designed and built by University staff to a general specification of the Sugar Research Institute. This work is fully described in a Thesis (Hunt, 1969). Opportunity has been taken to comment on the information derived from the experimental work, and to attempt to assess its practical significance.
Influence of night vision goggles with white and green phosphor screens on selected parameters of the eye and fatigue

Abstract In modern aviation, in particular in the military context, increasingly many aviation tasks are performed at night. To improve the safety of night flights, night vision goggles (NVGs) are commonly used. This study aimed to examine whether changes in ophthalmic parameters during NVGs use vary depending on phosphor screen type (green or white coded as P43 and P45 respectively). Thirteen participants were studied during a 2-h visual task in a night vision laboratory. Before and after NVGs use, we examined visual acuity, pachymetry, critical flicker-frequency thresholds, stereoscopic and contrast vision. During the use of NVGs, visual acuity, intra-ocular pressure and eye refraction were measured. We found no difference in visual performance between NVGs with green and white phosphor screens; however, NVGs use in general may lead to subjective eye fatigue, neck pain and headaches associated with the time of wearing and the weight of the helmet with additional equipment attached. Practitioner summary Night vision goggles (NVGs), widely used to improve the safety of night flights, were examined according to the applied type of the phosphor screen. There was no difference in visual performance between a white and green phosphor screens; however, NVGs and helmet manufacturers should strive to design these devices to be as lightweight as possible. Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; CCT: central corneal thickness; CFF: critical flicker frequency; CNS: central nervous system; CS: contrast sensitivity; FOV: field-of-view; I2: image intensifier; IOP: intra-ocular pressure; NVGs: night vision goggles; SV: stereoscopic vision; VA: visual acuity; VAS: visual analog scale
A wind-solar PV hybrid power system with battery backup for water pumping in remote localities

ABSTRACT After energy, water is the most critical commodity to be made available to people to keep them alive. Saudi Arabia has vast land and people are living in all regions. Most of these are connected to national grid but some are not, especially in remote areas like in the north, south, and west south. Pumping water in remote areas for domestic needs like agriculture and animals beside human needs is essential and require regular power supply. The present idea of wind-PV-Battery hybrid power system based on 100% renewable source is being proposed to utilize and tested in some of the regions on experimental bases. Of the five locations chosen for the purpose, namely Dhahran, Riyadh, Jeddah, Guriat and Nejran, some are good from both wind and solar intensity point of view some have good winds only and some good solar only. Nearly optimal size of PV-Wind water pumping system is determined for each of these sites considering the availability of solar and wind energy distributions throughout the year in these sites. It is shown that the monthly total water pumping capacity when using nearly optimal PV-Wind water pumping system is fairly uniform throughout the year except for the sites of Guriat and Riyadh. In these sites higher water pumping capacity is observed during the spring and summer months. On the other hand the cost of underground water pumping is found to vary between 6 to 12 US¢/m3 for the five sites considered.
Innovative Rear Point-Contact Scheme for Silicon Solar Cells

An innovative way to produce rear point contacts using a self-patterning anodic aluminium oxide film is introduced. The paper presents an analysis of the potential series resistive losses associated with such nanoscale patterning and some initial patterning results on the rear surfaces of silicon wafer substrates. The patterning approach described achieves a patterned dielectric layer by anodising a layer of aluminium applied to the rear silicon surface of the solar cell. It is shown that the pore size and inter-pore spacing of the resulting patterned aluminium oxide layer can be controlled by electrolyte composition and anodisation conditions, with pores which are ~ 11 nm in diameter and spaced 52 nm apart being formed. The spreading resistance losses of such a rear-contact scheme are anticipated to be minimal with the final series resistance of potential devices being determined primarily by bulk resistivity of the silicon wafer substrate and contact resistivity.
PRESENT STATUS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) AND INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES IN HIGH COURT LIBRARIES OF INDIA

The present study attempts at analyzing the availability of Information Communication Technology infrastructure facilities in high court libraries in India The court libraries need rapid Information Communication Technology infrastructure and in this context, there is a need for adequate development of electronic resources. This study traces out the nature of electronic resources, internet services, Xeroxing, printing facilities and so on with reference to the selected institutions of India .
The layout design of semiconductor bays with spine and perimeter inter-bay guide path loops

In this paper, we study the bay layout problem in a semiconductor fab. One unique characteristic of this bay layout problem is that bays are connected by two inter-bay guide path loops – a spine guide-path loop and a perimeter guide-path loop. To ensure bays can be correctly arranged on the floor and connected by both guide path loops, this dual-loop guide path configuration must be considered throughout the entire layout design procedure. To achieve this goal, we propose a layout design method that considers not only the layout of bays, but also the layout of guide path loops. Furthermore, to ensure the feasibility and quality of the layout results, the proposed layout method solves these two layout problems simultaneously. Since semiconductor fabs often have shortcuts set up on their spine guide path loops, the problem of setting up shortcuts is also studied here. The objective of the proposed layout method is to minimise the total inter-bay flow distance of wafer cassettes. Heuristic methods and mathematical programming models are developed to assist us in achieving this objective. We solved an example problem to illustrate the proposed layout method. The example problem also demonstrates the capability of the proposed layout method in producing feasible and good-quality bay layouts with both spine and perimeter guide path loops.
Resistance to ‘Framing’? The Portrayal of Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Hong Kong's Online Media

ABSTRACT This article examines online media reporting on asylum seekers and refugees in Hong Kong in 2015–2016. Studies of print media show that, during this period, there was a sudden surge of news stories about asylum seekers and refugees being involved in criminal activities and abusing the asylum system. This plethora of news stories subsided after 2016, when the Legislative Council election had taken place, and the pro-establishment bid to toughen up its policy on asylum seekers and refugees had failed. However, there has been less research into online media in the same period. This article therefore presents findings from a frame analysis conducted on all of Hong Kong’s online news media between June 2015 and July 2016. The results show that online news coverage tends to focus less on alleged criminal activities and more on humanitarian issues. Online news coverage could thus be a source of access for the population to alternative information and perspectives on this marginalized group.
Adaptive Bias-Aware Feature Generation for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning

Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) aims to recognize unseen classes that never appear during training. Recently, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been introduced to convert ZSL into a supervised learning problem by synthesizing unseen visual features. However, since unseen classes are never experienced for the generator during training, the synthesized unseen visual features often become heavily biased towards seen classes, or sometimes there is even no meaningful class that can be assigned to them. This is known as the bias problem. In this paper, we propose a novel method, namely Adaptive Bias-Aware GAN (ABA-GAN), to alleviate generating biased visual features. For this purpose, we build a semantic adversarial network to regularize the feature generator. Specifically, an adaptive adversarial loss is proposed to constrain the feature distributions, which avoids the generation of meaningless visual features. Meanwhile, a domain divider is presented to explicitly distinguish synthesized visual features between seen and unseen domains, such that the bias towards seen classes can be alleviated. Moreover, we propose a novel metric named bias score (BS) to explicitly quantify the degree of the strong bias. Extensive experiments on four widely used benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches under both ZSL and GZSL protocols.
The Effect of Yarn Linear Density on Mechanical Properties of Plain Woven Kenaf Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composite

To produce a good quality of dry fabric for reinforced material in a natural-based polymer composite, yarn linear density should be in consideration. A woven kenaf dry fabric with three different linear densities of 276tex, 413.4tex and 759tex were produced. The fabrics with different linear densities were been optimize with the assistance of WiseTex software. The optimized dry fabrics were infused with unsaturated polyester to produce composite panel using vacuum infusion process. The composites properties were tested on the tensile strength, flexural strength and the impact strength. The result shows that the mechanical properties of the composite increased when the yarn linear densities increased.
Correlation between ocular biometric parameters and corneal endothelium in a sample of young Egyptian adults

Background: To evaluate the normative values of corneal endothelial cell parameters within a group of healthy young Egyptian adults using specular microscopy and to examine any correlations between endothelial parameters and refractive or biometric parameters. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, specular microscopy was used to study the right eyes of 150 healthy young volunteers and evaluated endothelial cell parameters, including cellular density, hexagonality (HEX), and coefficient of variation (CV) at 15 different points on the back corneal surface, which were later grouped into the central zone and either four quadrants or three annular zones. The same eyes underwent refractive and biometric assessments. Results: Hundred fifty healthy adults were examined, and the age ranged from 20 to 30 years, with a median of 23 (interquartile range, 21‒27) years. The mean (standard deviation) of central cell density was 2902.7 (270.7) cells/mm2. The superior paracentral area had the lowest mean density (2895.8 cells/mm2), but the highest mean HEX (67.7%), while the inferior peripheral area had the highest mean density (3100.5 cells/ mm2) but the lowest mean HEX (64%). The difference in cell density among the three annular zones was not statistically significant (P = 0.365). However, HEX and CV in the central and paracentral zones differed statistically significantly from those of the peripheral zone (P < 0.001 and P = 0.014, respectively). Weak but non-significant correlations were detected between endothelial cell density and all measured refractive and biometric parameters. Conclusions: The findings of this study provided useful normative biometric and specular data in a specific age group and a specific population, and could be useful in planning intraocular surgery in young Egyptian adults. However, future longitudinal studies with a larger sample could refine more endothelial cell parameter specifications over time.
Where there’s sugar, there are sugar-related mobile apps. What factors motivate consumers’ continued use of m-Health?

ABSTRACT The adoption of mobile health (m-Health) applications (apps) has been widely studied, but its continuance has not. This study endeavors to address this gap by examining the factors that motivate the continued use of m-Health using consumers of sugar-related mobile apps in Australia as a case. To do so, this study extrapolates the technology acceptance model for technology adoption to explain the technology continuance of m-Health by adapting and extending its associated tenets informed by prior literature. This study also performs structural equation modeling on a sample of 306 usable responses from a randomly crowdsource online survey of sugar-related mobile app users in Australia. In doing so, this study finds that consumers’ continuance intention of m-Health apps is driven primarily by the ease of using and social influence toward such apps. Upon further scrutiny, this study observes that the influence of usefulness and enjoyment of such apps on continuance intention is fully mediated and thus manifests indirectly through the usage habits shaped by the ease of m-Health app usage. The implications of the findings for theory and practice and the limitations of and future research directions from the study conclude the paper.
An Alternative Method for the Characterisation of Fibrous Materials from Measurements of Absorption Using Techniques Based on the Allard and Champoux Model

In this work we present a method for characterising fibrous materials from absorption measurements in the Kundt tube. Specific Flow Resistance may be calculated, using techniques based on the Allard & Champoux model. Using this model and taking measurements of absorption as a starting point, the method presented here enables one to achieve a complete characterisation of a fibrous material.
TE characterization of resistive strip gratings on a dielectric slab using a single edge-mode expansion

The authors present an efficient analysis and characterization of narrow resistive strip arrays residing on a dielectric substrate. Simple closed-form formulas for mode reflection and transmission coefficients of the resistive grating on a substrate are presented. This is accomplished by employing a single physical basis or edge mode to represent the strip current. The periodic Green's function is derived using the procedure employed by K. Sarabandi (1990), and the resulting series has a relatively fast convergence. A careful study is done to establish the accuracy bounds of the physical basis expansion and the resulting mode coefficients. From the derived closed-form formulas, equivalent sheet boundary conditions and equivalent circuit parameters are given for a complete characterization of the grating. <<ETX>>