Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical Success Factors for the Adoption of Health Management Information Systems in Public Hospitals in Zimbabwe

The Zimbabwean healthcare sector faces huge challenges due to increased demands for improved services for a growing number of patients with fewer resources. The use of information and communications technologies, prevalent in many industries, but lacking in Zimbabwean healthcare, could increase productivity and innovation. The adoption of health management information systems (HMISs) can lead to improved patient safety and high-level patient care. These technologies can change delivery methods to be more patient focused by utilising integrated models and allowing for a continuum of care across healthcare providers. However, implementation of these technologies in the health care sector remains low. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the advantages to be attained by using HMISs in healthcare delivery and to ascertain the factors that influence the uptake of such systems in the public healthcare sector. A conceptual model, extending the technology, organization, and environment framework by means of other adoption models, underpins the study of adoption behavior. A mixed method methodology was used to conduct the study. For the quantitative approach, questionnaires were used to allow for regression analysis. For the qualitative approach, thematic analysis was used to analyse interview data. The results showed that the critical success factors (namely, relative advantage, availability, complexity, compatibility, trialability, observability, management support, information and communication technology expertise, communication processes, government regulation, infrastructure support, organizational readiness, industry and competitive support, external support, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, and intention to use) influenced adoption of HMISs in public hospitals in Zimbabwe.
Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Solving a Frictional Contact Problem with Normal Compliance

Abstract Several discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods are introduced for solving a frictional contact problem with normal compliance, which is modeled as a quasi-variational inequality. Consistency, boundedness, and stability are established for the DG methods. Two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the DG methods.
An Assessment of Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Cyclones in ERA5 Using WindSat

ERA5 reanalysis output is compared to WindSat polarimetric microwave radiometer measurements for Southern Hemisphere midlatitude to high‐latitude cyclones between 2003 and 2019. WindSat provides independent measures of low‐level wind speed, total column water vapor (TCWV), cloud liquid water (CLW), and precipitation, which are not assimilated into ERA5. We implement a tracking scheme to identify cyclone centers, before using cyclone composites to match concurrent data in ERA5 and WindSat. We find ERA5 and WindSat show comparable spatial structures for all variables, although their distributions show poorer agreement for CLW and precipitation. Compared to WindSat, ERA5 underestimates TCWV by up to 5% and CLW by up to 40%. ERA5 underestimates precipitation in the warm sector by up to 15%, but overestimates in the cold sector by up to 60%. Similar biases in ERA5 are seen compared to Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR‐E) data, even though AMSR‐E radiances are assimilated into ERA5. Comparing ERA5 and WindSat across the cyclone lifecycle, strong spatial correlation is seen as the cyclone deepens and reaches peak intensity, before slightly declining as the cyclone decays. In the cold sector ERA5 shows an underestimation of CLW, yet overestimates precipitation at all lifecycle stages. However, in the warm sector precipitation is underestimated. This potentially suggests biases within the ERA5 parameterizations of cloud and precipitation causing a disconnect between the two. Despite this, ERA5 shows strong correlation with WindSat and determines cyclone structure well across the cyclone lifecycle, showing its value for use in cyclone compositing analysis.
Extrapolative Income Expectations and Retirement Savings

Whydo employees’ retirement contributions gradually increase throughout their careers? This paper uses a structural life-cycle model based on household expectations data to explain workers’ retirement contribution decisions. The Michigan Survey of Consumers data shows that young households extrapolate from their recent income realizations and overstate the persistence and volatility of their future income. The structural life-cycle model with extrapolative expectations quantifies the difference in retirement contribution rates compared to rational expectations. Contrary to rational workers, extrapolative workers’ contributions match the data on retirement contributions over the life cycle. Consequently, mandating automatic enrollment yields negligible effects on retirement savings.
Why Does the American National Election Study Overestimate Voter Turnout?

Surveys are a key tool for understanding political behavior, but they are subject to biases that render their estimates about the frequency of socially desirable behaviors inaccurate. For decades the American National Election Study (ANES) has overestimated voter turnout, though the causes of this persistent bias are poorly understood. The face-to-face component of the 2012 ANES produced a turnout estimate at least 13 points higher than the benchmark voting-eligible population turnout rate. We consider three explanations for this overestimate in the survey: nonresponse bias, over-reporting and the possibility that the ANES constitutes an inadvertent mobilization treatment. Analysis of turnout data supplied by voter file vendors allows the three phenomena to be measured for the first time in a single survey. We find that over-reporting is the largest contributor, responsible for six percentage points of the turnout overestimate, while nonresponse bias and mobilization account for an additional 4 and 3 percentage points, respectively.
Exploring the Relationship Between the Processes of Abstraction and Creativity

Making things, coming up with strange new ideas is what creativity is. The question of where these new ideas come from is the very question that drives all study of creativity. Creativity has to come from the knowledge that exists in the minds of the creator [1]. This work participates in the questions of how we come up with new ideas and to what extent the conceptual space influences creativity. We form concepts through the process of abstraction. Despite having been long established that creativity does not come from the Gods but from our mental and bodily processes, there is very little work on the processes of concept acquisition. There is almost no work that directly studies creativity and abstraction together. This work argues that creativity research assumes an Amodal Symbol cognition structure where the processes of cognition and higher cognitive functions are not related. As a result this relationship has not been explored. This work employs a mixed method approach, using both qualitative and quantitative methods for coding and analysis of abstractions and creative generations. A wordlist based on familiarity, level of abstractness and modality experience was created. A norming study of the rating of abstractness of these words showed significant variability in ratings indicating subjectivity in the perception of abstractness. To study abstractness and creativity a Property Generation and an Alternate Uses task was conducted. Traditional theories of creativity assume we manipulate taxonomic or entity properties in a computer like way, during the process of creativity, however our results emphasises the role of individual experiences in the process of creativity.
Improving Data Locality in Applications through Execution Delegation

With the slowing or even death of Moore’s Law, computer system architectures are trending toward more CPU cores. This trend has driven systems researchers to explore novel ways of utilizing this computational power for improved efficiency and performance. One such approach is to use this power to help alleviate the memory wall problem through execution delegation. The memory wall problem describes the issue whereby system performance hits a wall that is dictated by the latency of accessing main memory. Using execution delegation, the execution of the application on one core is delegated to another core. The desired result is that the cores of the system are specialized to access mostly disjoint sets of data. In this way, data locality and, therefore, performance are improved. The aim of this work is to develop tools and methods for predicting situations in which execution delegation via user thread migration is useful for improving an application’s data locality. To this end, a microbenchmarking tool named Accesstest is used to perform a systematic study of execution delegation via user thread migration. Further, an approach, which makes use of a working set characterization tool named Accessprof, is developed to predict the qualitative impact of delegating an execution sequence. This prediction approach is verified and used to improve the Apache HTTP server’s performance by as much as 11%.
A family of asymptotic models for internal waves propagating in intermediate/deep water

In this paper, we obtain a family of approximate systems of two partial diﬀerential equations for the modeling of weakly nonlinear long internal waves propagating at the interface between two immiscible and irrotational ﬂuids in a channel of intermediate/inﬁnite depth. These systems are approximations of the system of Euler equations that share the same asymptotic order. The analysis of the corresponding linearized systems leads to the identiﬁcation of several subfamilies (associated with diﬀerent subsets in the space of parameters) for which the solutions of the linearized models are physically compatible with the solutions of the linearized system of Euler equations. Finally, for the class of weakly dispersive nonlinear systems which is formed by some of those subfamilies, we establish the existence and uniqueness of local in time solutions.
Business Tax Reforms, Management Delegation, and Growth∗

We study the growth effects of business tax cuts in two economies that differ by corporate governance: in one, firm founders delegate production and/or in-house R&D to hired managers; in the other, they do not. In line with empirical evidence, delegation occurs if the rule of law is suffi ciently strong. Despite the agency frictions that it entails, delegation improves the firm’s use of resources in production and/or innovation. The interaction between taxation and governance affects aggregate productivity growth, which is driven by entry of new firms and by the accumulation of intangibles by incumbent firms. Our analysis suggests that management delegation amplifies the macroeconomic responses to changes in business income taxation. Quantitative experiments show that in the near and medium term, in response to a 1 percentage point reduction of the profit tax rate, per capita income growth rises by around 0.02 percentage points more in the delegation than in the no-delegation economy.
Easing Renegotiation Rules in Public Procurement: Evidence from a Policy Reform

Public procurement contracts are necessarily incomplete and require frequent ex-post renegotiation. In this paper we first develop a stylized theoretical model of the effects of renegotiation policies on firms’ bidding strategies and, consequently, on the winning bids and final prices of contracts. We then use a Czech policy reform to empirically test the model’s predictions. Our findings show that (i) eased renegotiation rules lead to a decrease in the average winning bids; however, (ii) average final prices of contracts remain at the pre-reform level as the extra renegotiated price compensates for the drop in winning bids. We do not find convincing evidence of a decrease in productivity of the winning firms, but we do provide suggestive evidence of a change of contract allocation towards firms with higher bargaining power. ∗We thank Matěj Bajgar, Leonardo M. Giuffrida, Nikolas Mittag, and Christian Traxler for their comments, and also our research assistant Tereza Š́ımová. We also acknowledge the important help from Datlab, s.r. o. in the form of data provision. Michal Šoltés and Vitezslav Titl would like to thank the Czech Science Foundation – GACR (project number 21-15480M “The Role of Institutional Factors and Information in Public Procurement Markets”) for financial support. †Utrecht University School of Economics, Utrecht University, Kriekenpitplein 21-22, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands (Email: k.dejaegher@uu.nl) ‡Department of Economics, Faculty of Law Charles University, nám. Curieových 901/7, 116 40 Prague, Czech Republic (Email: soltesm@prf.cuni.cz) §Utrecht University School of Economics, Utrecht University; Department of Economics, Faculty of Law, Charles University; LEER, Faculty of Economics and Business, KU Leuven (Email: v.titl@uu.nl)
Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation between the Portuguese language and the Chinese and Korean languages

This dissertation presents a comparative and reproduction study on Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation techniques in the pair of languages Portuguese (PT) → Chinese (ZH) and Portuguese (PT) → Korean(KR). We chose these language-pairs for two main reasons. The first one refers to the importance that Asian languages play in the global panorama and the influence that Portuguese has in the southern hemisphere. The second reason is purely academic. Since there is a lack of studies in the area of Natural Language Processing (NLP) regarding non-Germanic languages, we focused on studying the influence of nonsupervised techniques in under-studied languages. In this dissertation, we worked on two approaches: (i) Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation; (ii) the Pivot approach. The first approach uses only monolingual corpora. As for the second, it uses parallel corpora between the pivot and the non-pivot languages. The unsupervised approach was devised to mitigate the problem of low-resource languages where training traditional Neural Machine Translations was unfeasible due to requiring large amounts of data to achieve promising results. As such, the unsupervised machine translation only requires monolingual corpora. In this dissertation we chose the implementation of Artetxe et al. [2018d] to develop our work. Another alternative to the lack of parallel corpora is the pivot approach. In this approach, the system uses a third language (called pivot) that connects the source language to the target language. The reasoning behind this is to take advantage of the performance of the neural networks when being fed with large amounts of data, making it enough to counterbalance the error propagation which is introduced when adding a third language. The results were evaluated using the BLEU metric and showed that for both language pairs Portuguese → Chinese and Portuguese → Korean, the pivot approach had a better performance making it a more suitable choice for these dissimilar low resource language pairs.
Performance of intercropping in pre-bearing mango orchards under drip irrigation in a degraded land

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of pre-bearing mango plantation with different intercrops (papaya, pineapple and combination of papaya and pineapple) in a sandy clay loam soil on a degraded land under drip irrigation at ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during 2017-18. Different intercrops planted in the mango (cv. Amrapali) were (i) two rows of papaya (cv. Red lady) in either side of mango plants, (ii) two paired rows of pineapple (cv. Queen) in either side of mango plants and (iii) one row of papaya and one paired row of pineapple in either side of mango plants with and without paddy straw mulch. All plants were irrigated by drip irrigation (DI) system. The amount of water used in mango–papaya cropping system (1220 mm) was higher than that in mango-pineapple cropping (975 mm). The volumetric soil water content in top 0.60 m soil in mango, papaya and pineapple were 20-23%, 21-24% and 22-24%, respectively. The vegetative growth parameters (plant height, canopy diameter and trunk girth) of young mango plants were not affected significantly either by papaya or pineapple intercropping. Straw mulch enhanced the growth parameters of mango plants by 8-12%. Similarly, growth parameters of papaya and pineapple were not affected significantly either by intercrops or by straw mulch. The highest yield (17.5 t/ha) and water productivity (21.1 kg/ha.mm) were observed in mango–pineapple system with straw much. The net profit from pineapple intercropping with straw mulch was highest (Rs. 140000/ ha) with benefit-cost ratio of 1.67, followed by papaya-pineapple intercropping with straw mulch in mango. Overall, the study reveals that mango intercropped with pineapple under drip irrigation with rice straw mulch can be practiced in pre-bearing mango orchards of Eastern India.
Probability that an autocommutator element of a finite group equals to a fixed element

In this article we introduce a formula for the probability which an autocommutator element of a finite group G, equals to a fixed element 1 of G and derive some properties of this formula. Moreover, we obtain a lower bound and an upper bound for this probability in the special cases. This generalizes some results of Das et al. in 2010 and Moghaddam et al. in 2011.
Is regression gain or instantaneous gain the most reliable and reproducible gain value when performing video head impulse testing of the lateral semicircular canals?

BACKGROUND Several different video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) systems exist. The function of each individual semicircular canal (SCC) may be determined by performing this test. All vHIT systems provide information about the function of the vestibular ocular reflex by means of two modalities: SACCADES and GAIN. However, different gain calculation methods exist. OBJECTIVE Primary endpoint:•Is instantaneous gain or regression gain the most reproducible and reliable gain value when performing vHIT with testing of the lateral SCCs? Secondary endpoints:•Comparison of each of the instantaneous gain values at 40, 60, and 80ms with the regression gain. •Examination of any intra- and inter examiner variability. •Mean instantaneous gain values, and at different velocities, compared with regression gain values of the lateral SCCs. METHODS 60 subjects between 18-65 years were included. All patients filled out the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) questionnaire and underwent four separate vHIT tests, two by an experienced neurotologist and two by an inexperienced examiner. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS 240 datasets were obtained, displaying both regression and instantaneous gain values. Regression gain was more reproducible than instantaneous gain. The experienced examiner provided the most reproducible results.When comparing instantaneous gain, we found the gain at 40 ms to be the least reproducible. There was no significant difference between 60 ms and 80 ms.For both examiners no significant intra examiner variability was found.
Bottom-up and top-down contributions to impaired motion processing in schizophrenia

Background and Hypothesis: Motion processing deficits in schizophrenia have been linked to impairments in higher-order social-cognitive processes. The neural underpinnings are not fully understood but it has been hypothesized that middle temporal area (MT+) may serve as a bridge between purely sensory and more cognitive proceseses. We investigated the interrelationship between MT+ sensory processing deficits and impairments in higher-order processing using naturalistic videos with explicit motion and static images with implied motion cues. Study Design: Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate cortical and subcortical brain regions associated with real- and implied-motion processing in 28 individuals with schizophrenia and 20 neurotypical controls. These measures were related to face emotion recognition and motion-perception deficits, as measured behaviorally. Study Results: Activation of MT+ was abnormal in schizophrenia during both real- and implied-motion processing. Dysfunction of early visual cortex and pulvinar were also associated with impaired real-motion processing. During implied motion-perception, MT+ participated in a wider network involving sensorimotor and prefrontal nodes of the human mirror neuron system, known to play a role in social-cognitive processes. Perception of both real- and implied-motion engaged the posterior superior temporal sulcus, a key node of the social brain network. Conclusions: The findings support concepts of MT+ as a bridge between visual sensory areas and higher-order brain regions especially in relationship to face emotion recognition and social cognition. Our data argue for greater focus on MT+ contributions to social-cognitive processing, in addition to its well-documented role in visual motion processing.
Brain-heart interactions in novice meditation practitioners during breath focus and an arithmetic task

Objectives. The study of neural and visceral oscillatory activities reveals that both subsystems and their interactions influence human cognition. In particular, cardiac and neural changes during self-regulation processes can be studied through a comparison of stress-inducing procedures and meditation practices. Methods. In this study, we investigate the characteristic profiles of neural-cardiac interactions during a stress-inducing arithmetic task and a breath focus meditation period in a sample of 21 young participants (10 women, age range 20-29) with no prior experience in meditation practices. Using recordings of electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG), we assessed instantaneous cross-frequency relationships between the alpha neural band and heart rate in both conditions. Results. Our results indicate significant heart rate and alpha frequency decelerations during breath focus compared to the stress-inducing task. Regarding alpha: heart rate cross-frequency relationships, the stress-inducing arithmetic task exhibited ratios of smaller magnitude than the breath focus task, including a higher incidence of the specific 8:1 cross-frequency relationship, compared to the breath-focus task, proposed to enable cross-frequency coupling among neural and cardiac rhythms during mild cognitive stress. The change in cross-frequency relationships were mostly driven by changes in heart rate frequency between the two tasks, as indicated through surrogate data analyses. Conclusions. Our results provide novel evidence that stress responses and changes during meditation practices can be better characterized by integrating physiological markers and, more crucially, their interactions. Together, this physiologically comprehensive approach can aid in guiding interventions such as physiology modulation protocols (biofeedback and neurofeedback) for emotion and stress-regulation.
Thermoelectric Properties of Hf2−xTixFeNiSb2 double-half Heusler alloys

This work presents experimental investigation of the thermoelectric and structural characteristics of new double half Heusler alloys Hf2-xTixFeNiSb2 (x= 0, 0.15, 0.25 and 0.4). The studied samples were synthesized using different techniques of melt spinning, arc melting and spark plasma sintering. Crystal structure of the studied compounds was examined via x-ray diffraction (XRD). A face centered cubic structure was found to be the dominant crystallization phase. Homogeneity and relatively high density were obtained in the fabricated samples. Thermoelectric properties of the samples were studied over a temperature range from 300 to 800 K. Thermal conductivity was found to be significantly decreased with the Titanium (Ti) doping due to enhanced the phonon scattering. The highest value of the thermoelectric figure of merit was obtained for Hf1.75Ti0.25FeNiSb2 to be 0.28±0.014 at 800 K.