Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantum well action model for the formation of a single Shockley stacking fault in a 4H-SiC crystal under non-equilibrium conditions

The formation of single Shockley stacking faults (SSSFs) in 4H-SiC crystals under non-equilibrium conditions (e.g., the forward biasing of PiN diodes and ultraviolet light illumination) is a key phenomenon in the so-called bipolar degradation of SiC power devices. This study theoretically investigated the physical mechanism of this phenomenon based on the concept of quantum well action. As a first approximation describing the non-equilibrium state of the material, we employed quasi-Fermi level approximation. We then made improvements by considering several physical effects governing the carrier distribution near and in the SSSF. The improved model accounts well for the excitation threshold and the temperature dependence of SSSF expansion. Thus, the model provides useful insights into the driving force of SSSF expansion under non-equilibrium conditions.The formation of single Shockley stacking faults (SSSFs) in 4H-SiC crystals under non-equilibrium conditions (e.g., the forward biasing of PiN diodes and ultraviolet light illumination) is a key phenomenon in the so-called bipolar degradation of SiC power devices. This study theoretically investigated the physical mechanism of this phenomenon based on the concept of quantum well action. As a first approximation describing the non-equilibrium state of the material, we employed quasi-Fermi level approximation. We then made improvements by considering several physical effects governing the carrier distribution near and in the SSSF. The improved model accounts well for the excitation threshold and the temperature dependence of SSSF expansion. Thus, the model provides useful insights into the driving force of SSSF expansion under non-equilibrium conditions.
Fortune or Evil ? The Effect of Inward Foreign Direct Investment on Corruption 1 Introduction

Economic integration is a double-edged sword. It provides opportunities of advancement for individuals in countries embracing the global economy and leads to the diffusion of ideas of good governance. Yet, some forms of integration are associated with the deterioration of local standards and practices. In this paper, we analyze how a specific form of economic integration, foreign direct investment (FDI), relates to a specific governance outcome in host countries: the prevalence of corruption. We argue that the relationship between inward FDI and corruption depends on the underlying conditions in the host country. We test the hypotheses of the non-linear relationship of FDI and corruption in an instrumental variable two-stage least squares setting. The results indicate that FDI is associated with higher levels of corruption in less developed countries but not in developed countries. We also find that FDI is associated with higher levels of corruption in autocracies.
Comparison of Force-Time Metrics Between Countermovement Vertical Jump With and Without an Arm Swing in Professional Male Basketball Players

With technological developments over the last decade, a wide range of countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) force-time metrics can be derived from commercially available portable force plate systems. However, it should be noted that how the test is performed can have a substantial impact on the outcome of the assessment. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to determine differences in biomechanical variables between CMJ with and without an arm swing in a cohort of elite athletes. Ten professional male basketball players volunteered to participate in the present study. Following a standardized warm-up procedure, athletes stepped on a uni-axial force plate sampling at 1000 Hz and performed three CMJ without arm swing (i.e., hands on the hips) followed by three CMJ with an arm swing (i.e., arms positioned slightly in the front of the body with elbows flexed at a 90-degree angle). To minimize the possible influence of fatigue, each jump was separated by a 15-30 s rest interval. The findings of the present study indicate phase- specific differences in multiple force-time metrics between the two CMJ testing modalities. While having greater eccentric duration, CMJ with an arm swing had lower eccentric braking and deceleration rate of force development and lower eccentric peak force when compared to CMJ without an arm swing. During the concentric phase of the jump, concentric duration, impulse, peak velocity, and peak power were significantly greater in favor of CMJ with an arm swing. Also, despite longer contraction time, incorporating an arm swing resulted in greater vertical jump heights. Overall, these data describe the CMJ performance of professional male basketball players and provide helpful information for practitioners when designing assessment protocols to monitor athletes’ neuromuscular performance.
Bayesian multivariate Beveridge–Nelson decomposition of I(1) and I(2) series with cointegration

Abstract The dynamic IS equation implies that if the real interest rate is I(1), then so is the output growth rate with possible cointegration, and log output is I(2). This paper extends the Beveridge–Nelson decomposition to such a case, and develops a Bayesian method to obtain error bands. The method is valid whether log output is I(1) or I(2). The paper applies the method to US data to estimate the natural rates (or their permanent components) and gaps of output, inflation, interest, and unemployment jointly, and finds that allowing for cointegration gives much bigger estimates of the gaps for all variables.
The Role of Board Commissioner Size, Independent Commissioner, Ownership Concentration, Leverage, and Firm Size on Intellectual Capital Disclosure

The purpose in this study to determinate the effect of board of commissioner size, independent commissioner, ownership concentration, leverage, and firm size to intellectual capital disclosure in banking sector listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange 2017-2020. This study used purposive sampling to sample selection and found 148 sample data. The data obtained from Indonesian Stock Exchange website. This study used data analytical method is descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and goodness of fit models by SPSS version 25. This study find is board of commissioner size, independent commissioner, and ownership concentration have no effect on intellectual capital disclosure. Then, Leverage, and firm size have effect on intellectual capital disclosure.
Strain effects of nuclear explosions in Nevada

The University of Nevada's three-component quartz-rod strain meter installation at Round Mountain, Nevada (38°42.1′N, 117°04.6′W) has recorded a number of underground nuclear explosions at the Nevada Test Site, beginning with the megaton-sized JORUM event September 16 1969. Both that explosion and the larger HANDLEY event on March 26 1970 produced static strain offsets of a few parts in 109 at Round Mountain. These offsets did not decay within the first few hours after the explosions. In both cases, the strain offsets were in the sense of ground extension radial to the shot point, which is inconsistent with the assumption of a pure compressive source of strain. The strain-change ellipse for the HANDLEY event was found to have a major strain axis of 11 × 10−9 extensional, oriented N 34°W, and a minor axis of 7.4 × 10−9 compressional. A single-component strain meter at Mina, Nevada, (38°26.3′N, 118°9.3′W) was operated for the HANDLEY event, and recorded a strain offset of 2.6 × 10−9 in the direction N 74°E. Strain offsets at the time of the largest collapse events following HANDLEY were observed at Round Mountain. These offsets had the same sense on each component as those following the explosion itself. This is interpreted as support for the hypothesis that the strain changes are tectonic in origin, and the explosion initiates the strain release. Small offsets were observed for three smaller explosions out of a total of 13 studied. The relationship between body-wave magnitude mb and maximum dynamic strains at Round Mountain may be described empirically by the equation Log S = − 13.4 + 1.10 mb. Because of its high sensitivity and stability, the Round Mountain strain meter is capable of obtaining useful measurements of dynamic and static strain effects of intermediate- to large-sized explosions, at distances ranging from 160 to 200 km.
Cardon Research Papers in Agricultural and Resource Economics

This chapter examines the economics of property rights and property law. It shows how the economics of property rights can be used to understand fundamental features of property law and related extra-legal institutions. The chapter examines both the rationale for legal doctrine, and the effects of legal doctrine regarding the exercise, enforcement, and transfer of rights. It also examines various property rights regimes including open access, private ownership, common property, and state property. The guiding questions are: How are property rights established? What explains the variation in the types of property rights? What governs the use and transfer of rights? And, how are property rights enforced? In answering these questions we argue that property rights and property law can be best understood as a system of societal rules designed to maximize social wealth. They do this by creating incentives for people to maintain and invest in assets, which leads to specialization and trade. DRAFT OF AUGUST 17, 2004: DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE WITHOUT PERMISSION.
Public Health Goal for Di ( 2-Ethylhexyl ) Phthalate ( DEHP ) in Drinking Water

This Public Health Goal (PHG) technical support document provides information on health effects from contaminants in drinking water. The PHG describes concentrations of contaminants at which adverse health effects would not be expected to occur, even over a lifetime of exposure. PHGs are developed for chemical contaminants based on the best available toxicological data in the scientific literature. These documents and the analyses contained in them provide estimates of the levels of contaminants in drinking water that would pose no significant health risk to individuals consuming the water on a daily basis over a lifetime. PHGs for contaminants in drinking water based exclusively on public health considerations. The Act requires OEHHA to adopt PHGs that meet the following criteria: 1. PHGs for acutely toxic substances shall be set at levels at which scientific evidence indicates that no known or anticipated adverse effects on health will occur, plus an adequate margin-of­ safety. 2. PHGs for carcinogens or other substances which can cause chronic disease shall be based solely on health effects without regard to cost impacts and shall be set at levels which OEHHA has determined do not pose any significant risk to health. 3. To the extent the information is available, OEHHA shall consider possible synergistic effects resulting from exposure to two or more contaminants. 4. OEHHA shall consider the existence of groups in the population that are more susceptible to adverse effects of the contaminants than a normal healthy adult. 5. OEHHA shall consider the contaminant exposure and body burden levels that alter physiological function or structure in a manner that may significantly increase the risk of illness. 6. In cases of scientific ambiguity, OEHHA shall use criteria most protective of public health and shall incorporate uncertainty factors of noncarcinogenic substances for which scientific research indicates a safe dose-response threshold. 7. In cases where scientific evidence demonstrates that a safe dose-response threshold for a contaminant exists, then the PHG should be set at that threshold. 8. The PHG may be set at zero if necessary to satisfy the requirements listed above. 9. OEHHA shall consider exposure to contaminants in media other than drinking water, including food and air and the resulting body burden. 10. PHGs adopted by OEHHA shall be reviewed periodically and revised as necessary based on the availability of new scientific data. PHGs adopted by OEHHA are for use by the California Department of Health Services (DHS) …
Simulative Comparison of Radiation Model Parameterizations for Direct Current Arcs in a Busbar Setup

The influence of different methods for calculating mean absorption coefficients on the mean arc voltage and velocity of an arc moving in air along parallel busbars is investigated in a numerical arc simulation. The radiation model used is the discrete ordinate method. Planck, hybrid and Rosseland mean calculations for a three- and six-band selection are discussed. Compared with the experimental results from a published paper, the Planck mean for six bands shows the most promising results.
‘Poverty, Equity and Growth in Developing and Transition Countries: Statistical Methods and Empirical Analysis’

To quantify the impact of a novel ”soft” commitment intervention, we randomly allocate 1525 Indian slum dwellers to receive a zip purse and a lockbox (treatment) or a lockbox only (control). After six months, we document a 22 percent increase in total savings in the treatment arm. The effect is sustained in a subsample we re-interview during the COVID-19 pandemic, twenty months after initial distribution of the devices. While temptation spending was not reduced, additional analyses suggest that the zip purse served as a hiding rather than self-control device. Prioritizing social over behavioral aspects may thus more effectively promote saving.
PRETREATMENT PLANNING OF INVASIVE CANCER OF THE CERVIX Expert Panel on Women’s Imaging and Radiation Oncology–Gynecology:

The ACR Committee on Appropriateness Criteria and its expert panels have developed criteria for determining appropriate imaging examinations for diagnosis and treatment of specified medical condition(s). These criteria are intended to guide radiologists, radiation oncologists and referring physicians in making decisions regarding radiologic imaging and treatment. Generally, the complexity and severity of a patient’s clinical condition should dictate the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Only those examinations generally used for evaluation of the patient’s condition are ranked. Other imaging studies necessary to evaluate other co-existent diseases or other medical consequences of this condition are not considered in this document. The availability of equipment or personnel may influence the selection of appropriate imaging procedures or treatments. Imaging techniques classified as investigational by the FDA have not been considered in developing these criteria; however, study of new equipment and applications should be encouraged. The ultimate decision regarding the appropriateness of any specific radiologic examination or treatment must be made by the referring physician and radiologist in light of all the circumstances presented in an individual examination.
The Theory of Glacier Sliding

Abstract The theory of the sliding of glaciers presented by the author in earlier papers has been generalized (1) by taking into account the resistance to sliding offered by obstacles both smaller and larger than the controlling obstacles and (2) by relaxing the assumption that ice is always in intimate contact with the bed at the down-stream side of an obstacle. The sliding velocities and controlling obstacle sizes which are found from the generalized theory are approximately the same as those found from the earlier theory. A new result obtained from the present theory is that a water layer an order of magnitude smaller in thickness than the height of the controlling obstacles can cause an appreciable increase in the sliding velocity. The generalized theory contains Lliboutry’s sliding theory as an extreme limiting case. For certain thicknesses of a glacier the sliding velocity is a double-valued function of the shear stress exerted at the bed.
EFQM Excellence Model

Performance improvement is high on the agenda of many companies around the world and with the growing number of improvement models now available care has to be taken to adopt an approach that will yield the most attractive return on investment. The EFQM Excellence model is a non-prescriptive framework for continuous quality improvement that can be used by any kind of organization, regardless of sector, size, structure, or maturity. The essential elements that constitute the EFQM are the fundamental concepts of excellence. EFQM Excellence Model is one of the self assessment tools helping companies in regularly questioning their own activities and results of activities and determining strong and weak points. The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between results of basic performance, leadership, partnership and resources, and process parameters of a company operating in manufacturing industry.
JMIR Mental Health

Background: The role of working alliance remains unclear for many forms of internet-based interventions (IBIs), a set of effective psychotherapy alternatives that do not require synchronous interactions between patients and therapists. Objective: This study examined the conceptual invariance, trajectories, and outcome associations of working alliance across an unguided IBI and guided IBIs that incorporated clinician support through asynchronous text messaging or video messaging. Methods: Adults with high education attainment (n=145) with subclinical levels of anxiety, stress, or depressive symptoms were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment conditions for 7 weeks. All participants received treatments from MyCompass, an unguided IBI using cognitive behavior therapy. Participants in condition 2 and 3 received supplemental, asynchronous clinician support through text and video, respectively. Working alliance with the IBIs was measured weekly using select items from the 12-item version of the Agnew Relationship Measure. Symptom and functional outcomes were assessed at baseline, at the end of treatment, and 1-month follow-up. Results: Working alliance with the IBIs was conceptually invariant across the 3 conditions. Working alliance followed a quadratic pattern of change over time for all conditions and declined significantly only in the text-support condition. After controlling for baseline symptoms, higher baseline levels of working alliance predicted less depression and less functional impairment at follow-up, whereas faster increases in working alliance predicted less worry at the end of treatment and at follow-up, all of which only occurred in the video-support condition. Conclusions: Working alliance with the IBIs was generally established in the initial sessions. Although working alliance is conceptually invariant across IBIs with or without clinician support, the associations between working alliance and treatment outcomes among IBIs may differ depending on clinician involvement and the modalities of support.
HEMOSTASIS, THROMBOSIS, AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2 1 integrin expression in the tumor microenvironment enhances tumor angiogenesis in a tumor cell–specific manner

To define the role of the 2 1 integrin in pathologic angiogenesis, we investigated tumor-associated growth and angiogenesis in wild-type and 2-null mice. Our findings reveal that the 2 1 integrin plays an important role in angiogenesis via regulation of VEGFR1 expression. When challenged with B16F10 melanoma cells, mice lacking 2 1 integrin expression exhibit increased tumor angiogenesis associated with up-regulated VEGFR1 expression. In contrast, there was no 2 1 integrin-dependent difference in the angiogenic response to Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. Interestingly, whereas B16F10 cells secrete high levels of placental growth factor (PLGF), LLC cells produce high levels of VEGF, but low levels of PLGF. The 2 1 integrindependent difference in angiogenesis was restored to LLC cells by expression of PLGF, strongly suggesting that the angiogenic phenotype and tumor growth in the 2-null host is dependent on specific interactions between the tumor cell and the genetically defined integrin repertoire of the host microenvironment. Thus integrin 2-null mice represent an example of genetic alterations of “the soil” determining response to the “seed. ” (Blood. 2008; 111:1980-1988)
Examining survey participation and response quality: The significance of topic salience and incentives

Nonresponse bias has been a long-standing issue in survey research (Brehm 1993; Dillman, Eltinge, Groves and Little 2002), with numerous studies seeking to identify factors that affect both item and unit response. To contribute to the broader goal of minimizing survey nonresponse, this study considers several factors that can impact survey nonresponse, using a 2007 Animal Welfare Survey Conducted in Ohio, USA. In particular, the paper examines the extent to which topic salience and incentives affect survey participation and item nonresponse, drawing on the leverage-saliency theory (Groves, Singer and Corning 2000). We find that participation in a survey is affected by its subject context (as this exerts either positive or negative leverage on sampled units) and prepaid incentives, which is consistent with the leverage-saliency theory. Our expectations are also confirmed by the finding that item nonresponse, our proxy for response quality, does vary by proximity to agriculture and the environment (residential location, knowledge about how food is grown, and views about the importance of animal welfare). However, the data suggests that item nonresponse does not vary according to whether or not a respondent received incentives.
Quantitative detection of pathogens in roof-harvested rainwater

Roof-harvested rainwater is an alternative water source. Though generally considered acceptable for potable use, the presence of pathogens has been reported in research literature. Various zoonotic pathogens are present in faeces of animals that have access to the roof and, following rain events, pathogens may be transported to rainwater tanks via roof runoff. The microbiological quality of water is traditionally assessed by enumerating faecal indicators such as Escherichia coli and enterococci. Significant limitations in using faecal indicators include their poor correlation with pathogens and faecal indicator concentrations cannot be used to assess public health risk when compared to the direct monitoring of pathogens. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques enable rapid and direct detection/quantification of pathogens in water that are otherwise laborious to culture using traditional microbiological methods.