Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zero temperature Glauber dynamics on complex networks

We study the Glauber dynamics at zero temperature of spins placed on the vertices of an uncorrelated network with a power law degree distribution. Application of mean-field theory yields as the main prediction that for symmetric disordered initial conditions the mean time for reaching full order is finite or diverges as a logarithm of the system size N, depending on the exponent of the degree distribution. Extensive numerical simulations contradict these results and clearly show that the mean-field assumption is not appropriate for describing this problem.
Study of off-forward parton distributions

An extensive theoretical analysis of off-forward parton distributions (OFPDs) is presented. The OFPDs and the form factors of the quark energy-momentum tensor are estimated at a low energy scale using a bag model. Relations among the second moments of OFPDs, the form factors, and the fraction of the nucleon spin carried by quarks are discussed. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
MEASURING THE STELLAR ACCRETION RATES OF HERBIG Ae/Be STARS

The accretion rate of young stars is a fundamental characteristic of these systems. While accretion onto T Tauri stars has been studied extensively, little work has been done on measuring the accretion rate of their intermediate-mass analogs, the Herbig Ae/Be stars. Measuring the stellar accretion rate of Herbig Ae/Bes is not straightforward both because of the dearth of metal absorption lines available for veiling measurements and the intrinsic brightness of Herbig Ae/Be stars at ultraviolet wavelengths where the brightness of the accretion shock peaks. Alternative approaches to measuring the accretion rate of young stars by measuring the luminosity of proxies such as the Br γ emission line have not been calibrated. A promising approach is the measurement of the veiling of the Balmer discontinuity. We present measurements of this veiling as well as the luminosity of Br γ. We show that the relationship between the luminosity of Br γ and the stellar accretion rate for classical T Tauri stars is consistent with Herbig Ae stars but not Herbig Be stars. We discuss the implications of this finding for understanding the interaction of the star and disk for Herbig Ae/Be stars.
ON THE ORIGIN OF ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION AND THE ACCRETION MODEL OF LOW-LUMINOSITY ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs) are generally believed to be powered by an inner radiatively inefficient, advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF), an outer truncated thin disk, and a jet. Maoz recently challenged this picture based on the observation that the strength of ultraviolet emission relative to the X-ray and radio bands does not depart from empirical trends defined by more luminous sources. He advocates that AGNs across all luminosities have essentially the same accretion and radiative processes, which in luminous sources are described by a standard optically thick, geometrically thin disk. We calculate ADAF models and demonstrate that they can successfully fit the observed spectral energy distributions of the LLAGNs in Maoz's sample. Our model naturally accommodates the radio and X-ray emission, and the ultraviolet flux is well explained by a combination of the first-order Compton scattering in the ADAF, synchrotron emission in the jet, and black body emission in the truncated thin disk. It is premature to dismiss the ADAF model for LLAGNs. The UV data can be fitted equally well using a standard thin disk, but an additional corona and jet would be required to account for the X-ray and radio emission. We argue that there are strong theoretical reasons to prefer the ADAF model over the thin disk scenario. We discuss testable predictions that can potentially discriminate between the two accretion models.
What if they are set free? Using Autonomous Reading-Listening and Book Clubs in Reading Fluency Development

Recent research has shown that reading and listening together can be helpful in developing EFL reading fluency, but learner-autonomous bimodal reading research remains scarce. The present study, in an intensive academic English program in Japan, was intended to explore whether reading rates and related reading skills might improve while autonomously reading and listening outside class, holding “book clubs” in class, and while meeting course goals. Within the program setting’s trimester sessions, young adult participants carried out extensive reading and listening online at their own pace, followed by small group “book club” discussions, and conducted monthly silent reading rate checks. Participant data collection found the participants (N = 130) reported approximately 64 wpm in overall average gain through their 9-10 week projects. Post-project survey responses and interviews also indicated positive views of book club discussions and possible growth in skills related to increasing fluency, such as mentally “hearing” while reading, and visualizing. Rates of spoken word delivery in audiobooks were measured and compared to reading rates and fluency development markers discussed in research to date. Correlating these with participants’ reading rates was found potentially helpful in visualizing ranges in learners’ reading fluency development. Further research investigating these points is suggested.
Galactic Winds with MUSE: A Direct Detection of FeII* Emission from a z = 1.29 Galaxy

Emission signatures from galactic winds provide an opportunity to directly map the outflowing gas, but this is traditionally challenging because of the low surface brightness. Using deep observations (27 hours) of the Hubble Deep Field South from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) instrument, we identify signatures of an outflow in both emission and absorption from a spatially resolved galaxy at z = 1.29 with a stellar mass M* = 8 x 10^9 Msun, star formation rate SFR = 77 Msun/yr, and star formation rate surface brightness 1.6 Msun/kpc^2 within the [OII] half-light radius R_1/2,[OII] = 2.76 +- 0.17 kpc. From a component of the strong resonant MgII and FeII absorptions at -350 km/s, we infer a mass outflow rate that is comparable to the star formation rate. We detect non-resonant FeII* emission, at lambda 2626, 2612, 2396, and 2365, at 1.2-2.4-1.5-2.7 x 10^-18 egs s-1 cm-2 respectively. These flux ratios are consistent with the expectations for optically thick gas. By combining the four non-resonant FeII* emission lines, we spatially map the FeII* emission from an individual galaxy for the first time. The FeII* emission has an elliptical morphology that is roughly aligned with the galaxy minor kinematic axis, and its integrated half-light radius R_1/2,FeII* = 4.1 +- 0.4 kpc is 50% larger than the stellar continuum (R_1/2,* = 2.34 +- 0.17 kpc) or the [OII] nebular line. Moreover, the FeII* emission shows a blue wing extending up to -400 km/s, which is more pronounced along the galaxy minor kinematic axis and reveals a C-shaped pattern in a p-v diagram along that axis. These features are consistent with a bi-conical outflow.
CRND: An Unsupervised Learning Method to Detect Network Anomaly

Network anomaly detection system (NADS) is one of the most important methods to maintain network system security. At present, network anomaly detection models based on deep learning have become a research hotspot in the area because of their advantage in processing high-dimensional data and excellent performance on detecting anomaly. However, most of the related research studies are based on supervised learning, which has strict requirements for dataset such as labels with high accuracy. However, there are some difficulties in obtaining a large amount of data with complete label message, thus seriously hindering the development and deployment of NADS based on DL. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised learning method to detect network anomaly, contrastive representation for network data (CRND). Based on contrastive learning, without label message, a qualified model is trained, providing more possibilities for the field. On CICIDS2018, the evaluation experiment proves that CRND can achieve 96.13% accuracy with only 200 items, and its F1-score reaches 0.96, which is far higher than that of other existing unsupervised learning methods. As fine-tuning is carried out, F1-score can reach a convergence level of 0.99, and the detection performance is the same as that of the detection model based on supervised learning.
GaN Metal-Semiconductor-Metal UV Photodetector with Recessed Electrodes

GaN-based metal–semiconductor–metal photodetectors (MSM-PDs) with a recessed-electrode structure have been fabricated and characterized. The photodiodes exhibited low leakage currents with a typical value of 51 pA at 10 V. Spectral response revealed a responsivity up to 0.14 A/W at 350 nm under 10 V bias, corresponding to an internal quantum efficiency of about 90%, which is a 55.6% improvement over that of conventional MSM-PDs with planar electrodes. The improvement was attributed to the enhanced and uniform electric field due to the recessed electrodes in the photoactive region, leading to a more efficient carrier collection.
Splashing of impacting drops

We investigate the impact velocity beyond which the ejection of smaller droplets from the main droplet (splashing) occurs for droplets impacting a smooth surface. We examine its dependence on the surface wetting properties and droplet surface tension. We show that the splashing velocity is independent of the wetting properties of the surface, but increases roughly linearly with increasing surface tension of the liquid. A preexisting splashing model is considered that predicts the splashing velocity by incorporating the air viscosity. The model is consistent with our data, but the calculation is complex. To address this issue, we propose a simplification, assuming atmospheric conditions and low viscosities, and show that the simplification gives an equally good prediction of the splashing velocity from a simple analytical formula.
Comparative Evaluation of Osseodensification Versus Conventional Osteotomy Technique on Dental Implant Primary Stability: An Ex Vivo Study

Purpose One of the commonest treatment options for replacing missing teeth is a root-form implant. Clinically, the key mechanical factor in achieving success is primary stability. This ex vivo study aims to evaluate whether osseodensification method will achieve good primary stability or the conventional drilling protocol. Methods Fresh iliac bone of the sheep was selected similar to D3 and D4 bone densities. A total of 22 osteotomy sites were prepared in the bone sample, of which 11 were prepared by osseodensification method (test group) and other 11 by conventional undersized drilling (control group). Primary stability was measured using insertion torque (IT), resonance frequency analysis (RFA), and reverse torque values (RTVs) by measuring implant stability quotient (ISQ). The recorded data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22.0. The differences between groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test. The Pearson correlation coefficient test was performed to measure the linear relationship between two variables. The statistical significance level was established at p<0.05. Results When the correlation among IT, RTV, and ISQ was measured, a statistically significant correlation between IT and RTV (p=0.001) and between IT and ISQ (p=0.0001) was observed. A statistically significant (p=0.014) correlation between RTV and ISQ was also found. Conclusion Osteotomy prepared by osseodensification method showed higher IT, RTV, and ISQ values than the conventional undersized group.
The situated deployment of the Italian presentative (e) hai. . ., ‘(and) you have. . .’ within routinized multimodal Gestalts in route mapping with visually impaired climbers

Drawing on video-recorded data from pre-climbing route mapping with visually impaired climbers and a sight guide, this study uses conversation analysis to investigate the situated deployment of the Italian presentative (e) hai ‘(and) you have’ within locally routinized multimodal Gestalts. The study shows that the guide uses (e) hai to progress route mapping and engage the athlete in tactile actions that target specific features of the route. In this context, (e) hai is packaged with noun phrases, silent pauses, bodily movements, and touch. The arrangement of such syntactic and embodied components is shown to follow a recurrent trajectory in which, between (e) hai and its grammatical completion, syntactic suspension creates a dedicated slot for guide and athlete to physically attain the target object. Routine embeddedness of (e) hai within such arrangement is shown to provide specific affordances to the athletes to anticipate subsequent action and engage in its embodied implementation.
Revisiting McFadden's correction factor for sampling of alternatives in multinomial logit and mixed multinomial logit models

In this paper, we revisit McFadden (1978)'s correction factor for sampling of alternatives in multinomial logit (MNL) and mixed multinomial logit (MMNL) models. McFadden (1978) proved that consistent parameter estimates are obtained when estimating MNL models using a sampled subset of alternatives, including the chosen alternative, in combination with a correction factor. We decompose this correction factor into i) a correction for overestimating the MNL choice probability due to using a smaller subset of alternatives, and ii) a correction for which a subset of alternatives is contrasted through utility differences and thereby the extent to which we learn about the parameters of interest in MNL. Keane and Wasi (2016) proved that the overall expected positive information divergence - comprising the above two elements - is minimised between the true and sampled likelihood when applying a sampling protocol satisfying uniform conditioning. We generalise their result to the case of positive conditioning and show that whilst McFadden (1978)'s correction factor may not minimise the overall expected information divergence, it does minimise the expected information loss with respect to the parameters of interest. We apply this result in the context of Bayesian analysis and show that McFadden (1978)'s correction factor minimises the expected information loss regarding the parameters of interest across the entire posterior density irrespective of sample size. In other words, McFadden (1978)'s correction factor has desirable small and large sample properties. We also show that our results for Bayesian MNL models transfer to MMNL and that only McFadden (1978) correction factor is sufficient to minimise the expected information loss in the parameters of interest. Monte Carlo simulations illustrate the successful application of sampling of alternatives in Bayesian MMNL models.
Board Gender Diversity, Corporate Social Disclosures, and National Culture

The impact of board gender diversity on corporate social responsibility has attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, the study of the relationship between board gender diversity, corporate social disclosures, and national culture has been scarce. Therefore, in this study, we measured the corporate social disclosures data of multinational corporations (MNCs) from China, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States using content analysis. Then, we investigated the relationship between board gender diversity and the corporate social disclosures of MNCs as well as the moderating effect of national culture on that relationship. The results show that (1) board gender diversity positively impacts the corporate social disclosures of MNCs and that (2) masculinity negatively moderates the relationship between board gender diversity and the corporate social disclosures of MNCs. The findings emphasize the importance of board gender diversity in the stakeholder management of the board of directors and how it could be affected by different national cultural environments from the stakeholder theory perspective. This study established a link between board gender diversity, corporate social disclosures, and national culture as well as promoted the development of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure measurement methods. Additionally, our results provide suggestions to policymakers and MNCs in how to effectively adopt board gender diversity to promote CSR in specific national cultural environments.
Deep inelastic scattering as a probe of entanglement

Using nonlinear evolution equations of QCD, we compute the von Neumann entropy of the system of partons resolved by deep inelastic scattering at a given Bjorken x and momentum transfer q2=-Q2. We interpret the result as the entropy of entanglement between the spatial region probed by deep inelastic scattering and the rest of the proton. At small x the relation between the entanglement entropy S(x) and the parton distribution xG(x) becomes very simple: S(x)=ln[xG(x)]. In this small x, large rapidity Y regime, all partonic microstates have equal probabilities—the proton is composed by an exponentially large number exp(ΔY) of microstates that occur with equal and exponentially small probabilities exp(-ΔY), where Δ is defined by xG(x)∼1/xΔ. For this equipartitioned state, the entanglement entropy is maximal—so at small x, deep inelastic scattering probes a maximally entangled state. We propose the entanglement entropy as an observable that can be studied in deep inelastic scattering. This will require event-by-event measurements of hadronic final states, and would allow to study the transformation of entanglement entropy into the Boltzmann one. We estimate that the proton is represented by the maximally entangled state at x≤10-3; this kinematic region will be amenable to studies at the Electron Ion Collider.
The Influence of ICT Competencies on Job Performance in Nigerian University Libraries

The study looked at the impact of ICT skills on librarians’ job performance in university libraries in Nigeria’s southeast. A descriptive research design was used for the study. The population of the study included 235 librarians from university libraries in southeast Nigeria. For the study, the total enumeration sampling technique was used. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. The findings revealed that librarians in South-East Nigeria are above average in terms of ICT competence in university libraries. They also use ICT to post new problems, carry out current awareness tasks, and perform user education tasks. It was also stated that ICT has improved the services provided by librarians while decreasing creative activities in university libraries. Poor funding, insufficient ICT training, insufficient professional manpower to conduct in-house ICT training, LIS curriculum not properly structured in line with current ICT realities, insufficient ICT implementation and planning, and other issues have hampered librarians’ acquisition of ICT skills in university libraries. The study recommended among others that adequate funding be allocated for the training and retraining of librarians in the use of ICT, that training on network-based services, database management/searching, QR Code services, and web design be organized for librarians to boost their competencies, and that the use of ICT for task execution be adequately incorporated into the curriculum of library and information science to expose young professionals to the prospects of the use of ICT.
Prognostic Models for Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Therapy

With recent advances in oncology, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a milestone in immuno-oncology. Unfortunately, although ICIs have demonstrated improved clinical efficacy in a broad spectrum of cancers, many patients do not respond to this newer therapy. As a result, it is crucial to identify predictive factors of response to immunotherapy in patients with kidney cancer. This review discusses the research investigating potential biomarkers of response to ICIs in renal cell carcinoma.
Experimental Evaluation of the Punching Shear Strength of Interior Slab-column Connections with Different Shear Reinforcement Details

This research aims to evaluate the effect of using different shear reinforcement details on the punching shear behavior of interior slab column connections. A comprehensive experimental program is conducted on sixteen specimens having the same concrete dimensions of 1100×1100×160 mm where the slab depth is chosen to be less than that stipulated by different design codes. The parameters under examination were the type of shear reinforcement arranged in a cross shape perpendicular to the column edges (single leg, multi-leg, and closed stirrups), the spacing between stirrups (25 and 50 mm), and the extended length covered by the stirrups (300 and 425 mm). Experimental results showed that slabs reinforced with multi-leg or closed stirrups, even for slabs with a thickness of 160 mm, had an increase in the shear capacity by up to 40% depending on the stirrup amount. A noticeable enhancement in ductility was also observed. Slabs reinforced with vertical single-leg stirrups did not exhibit any improvements. A finite element analysis was conducted to further assess the punching shear behavior of the tested specimens. A comparison between the test results and values obtained using design codes such as ACI 318-19 and ECP 203-2018 showed that the two design codes give a rather underestimated prediction of the punching shear capacity. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-09-015 Full Text: PDF
Antifungal Screening of Surveyed Plants of Gwadabawa/Illela Communities of Sokoto State-Northwest Nigeria

Background: An earlier ethnobotanical study afforded fifteen surveyed plants, which are used as antifungal and wound healing remedies. This informed their antifungal screening to validate folklore claims. Materials and Methods: Identified, procured, and authenticated medicinal plants were each, defatted in hexane and extracted with methanol before partitioning with n-butanol to obtain an n-butanol extract with solubilized antifungal compounds in the organic phase. The resulting concentrated n-butanol extracts were then screened by subjecting each plant extract to in vitro antifungal assay for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract on Aspergillus niger in a 96-well ﬂat bottom polystyrene microtiter plate using the broth microdilution method as outlined in the 2021 Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guideline. Results: The antifungal screening of the plants presented active plant extracts with variable antifungal properties of MIC values ranging from 3.9 to 250 (mg/ml). Only the extract of Balanites aegyptica showed no activity at all concentrations tested. The lowest extreme was recorded for Ficus Platyphylla , which gave a slight activity at the highest MIC of 125mg/ml, while the highest activity was recorded for Faidherbia albida at the lowest test concentration with a MIC of 3.90625 mg/ml. The other thirteen extracts exhibited antifungal activity in varying degree with the following MICs: Stecullia setigera (7.8125 mg/ml) , Annona senegalensis (7.8125 mg/ml), Uraria picta (7.8125 mg/ml) Combretum collinum (15.65 mg/ml) , Afromosia lexiflora (15.65 mg/ml) , Waltheria indica (15.65 mg/ml) , Guiera senegalensis (15.65 mg/ml), Carica papaya (31.25 mg/ml) , Rogeria adenophylla (31.25 mg/ml) , Pennisetum hordeoides (31.25 mg/ml) , Acacia nilotica (31.25 mg/ml) and Sida ovata (62.5 mg/ml). Conclusion: The in vitro antifungal potential of these surveyed plants supports their traditional use, hence, information (data) furnished by this study can be exploited for their further evaluations as antimicrobial drug leads of nature.