Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Young Women's Sexist Beliefs and Internalized Misogyny: Links With Psychosocial and Relational Functioning and Political Behavior

S exism is defined as a belief, practice, or system that supports the notion that men are intrinsically superior to women (Anderson, 2010; Borrell et al., 2011). Past studies have found sexism to be a prevalent form of prejudice that most women experience on a weekly and sometimes daily basis (Berg, 2006; Swim, Hyers, Coher, & Ferguson, 2001). In this study, we explored young women’s endorsement of sexist ideology, as it relates to a number of important socialization experiences and psychosocial outcomes. Sexism is a ubiquitous experience in the lives of young women in the United States. For example, Berg (2006) reported that all 382 women in her sample reported experiencing sexism, and 25% said they felt it happened “a lot” (p. 975). In another study, participants were asked to record the number of sexist incidents they observed over a span of 7 to 13 days (Swim et al., 2001). Participant records indicated that incidents of sexism occurred at least once per week, with some participants reporting sexist experiences daily. Thus, sexism is common, and often a daily occurrence for many women. Perhaps the most well-known conceptualization of modern sexism is the ambivalent sexism framework proposed by Glick and Fiske (1996). Ambivalent sexism refers to sexist beliefs that fit in to two major categories, hostile and benevolent (Anderson, 2010; Huang, Davies, Sibley, & Osborne, 2016). Hostile sexism aims to validate “. male power, traditional gender roles, and men’s exploitation of women as sexual objects through derogatory characterizations of women” (Anderson, 2010, p. 151). Although hostile sexism can be easily identified, benevolent sexism has a tendency to go unnoticed (Huang et al., 2016). Benevolent ABSTRACT. The current study examined links among sexism, psychosocial functioning, and political behavior in 210 young women from the United States. Participants completed a survey including the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, Revised Religious Fundamentalism Scale, Attitudes Toward Women Scale, Internalized Misogyny Scale, and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Higher religious fundamentalism was associated with lower relationship quality, mediated by internalized misogyny, traditional gender roles, and hostile sexism. Although mental health outcomes were also collected, associations with sexist attitudes were nonsignificant. The intersection of sexist attitudes and internalized misogyny with political affiliation and voting behavior was also explored. Participants who voted for Clinton/Kane reported lower levels of internalized misogyny when compared to those who voted for Trump/Pence. In addition, Democrat and Independent individuals reported significantly lower levels of internalized misogyny and hostile sexism when compared to Republican and Not Affiliated individuals.
Assessing the Quality of Iron Ores for Bloomery Smelting: Laboratory Experiments

There is fragmentary knowledge of iron ore sources exploited in the past for many regions including the Southern Levant. This missing information has the potential to shed light on political, economic, craft-production, and trading patterns of past societies. This paper presents the results of smelting experiments performed in graphite crucibles and a muffle furnace, using 14 iron ore samples from the Southern Levant, in an attempt to determine their suitability for smelting using ancient techniques. A range of analytical techniques, including optical and electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and portable X-ray fluorescence were used to comparatively investigate the mineralogy and composition of the precursor iron ores and their smelting products: Iron bloom and slag. Several parameters attesting to the ability of a given ore to be successfully reduced and consolidated into a solid metal mass were quantified. The generated results highlight the significance of a ‘correct balance’ between iron oxides and other major elements in the smelting system in order to form fluid slag and a well-consolidated bloom. These data contribute to the understanding of factors, potentially influencing choices of iron ore exploitation by past human societies in the Southern Levant.
SCREEN HOUSE RESPONSE OF SEVEN ELITE CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ) VARIETIES TO MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA INFECTION

In this study, seven cassava varieties were evaluated for their response to infection by Meloidogyne incognita in a pot experiment using 30-liter plastic pots. The cassava varieties - TMS 98/0505, TMS 01/1368, TMS 98/0510, TMS 30572, TME EB419, TMS 95/0289, and TMS 98/0581 were inoculated with either 30,000 or 0 eggs of M. incognita in a 7 x 2 factorial experiment and grown for 6 months in sterilized soil in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data were collected on plant height, stem girth, number and weight of root tubers, number of galls on feeder roots and tubers, number of juveniles per gram feeder roots, and foliage weight. Root systems were scored for galling on 1-5 rating scale. Assessment of plant tolerance to the root-knot nematode was based on gall index (GI) and tuber yield. Assessment of plant resistance to the root-knot nematode was based on nematode reproduction factor (RF). Galls were found on feeder roots and storage roots of infected cassava plants. Gall indices varied from 3 to 5 for infected roots. TME EB419 was tolerant to M. incognita with average tuber yield of 425 and 352 g/plant for inoculated and nematode-free cassava plants respectively, GI of 3.0 and an R of 2.6. Six of the cassava varieties were susceptible and intolerant to M. incognita with RF between 1.2 and 6.0, GI ranging between 4 and 5, and significant yield loss (P<0.05). Nematode infection (P<0.05) reduced plant height and fresh tuber weight in the cassava varieties except for the tolerant TME EB419 variety.
Punica Granatum with Multiple Effects in Chronic Diseases

ABSTRACT Chronic diseases will be more general with age in developed countries. These chronic diseases include cardiovascular disease, cancer such as breast and colon cancer, diabetes, arthritis, Alzheimer, and oral health problems. Pomegranate contains strong antioxidant activity with potential health interests. Punica granatum (pomegranate) has a medical history as a medicinal plant. The therapeutic activity of pomegranate seems to have various aspects. Pomegranate juice has a considerable source of antioxidant, and phenols, particularly ellagitannin and anthocyanin. The present narrative review aims to evaluate the functional properties and medical benefits of Punica granatum L in chronic diseases. It also aimed to summarize the present data from in vitro and in vivo tests animal trial systems and human clinical trials and its future use was explored. Pomegranate contains strong antioxidant activity with potential health interests. The available data suggest that Punica granatum Linn (pomegranate) may be used in control and potential therapeutic effects for some disease conditions and benefits to human health status.
Public R&D and green knowledge diffusion:\r\nEvidence from patent citation data

The present paper investigates the relationship between public R&D and the diffusion of green knowledge. To do so, we exploit information contained in green patents filed at the European Patent Office from 1980 to 1984. The diffusion of green knowledge is measured by meaning of patent citations. The level of public R&D is instrumented through the policy reaction to the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident – that affected the level of public R&D in the energy generation domain – in a difference in differences setting. Results show that a 10% increase in public R&D increases by around 0.7% the number of citations to green patents. Moreover, increasing public R&D fosters the diffusion of green knowledge across traditional (non-green) domains and increases the average technological distance of inventions citing green patents. This evidence suggests that public R&D is a driver of green knowledge diffusion, accelerates the hybridization of traditional innovation processes and fosters technological diversification.
Contradictory Postulates of Singularity

Modification of rigid body angular momentum permits controlled rotational maneuvers, and one common momentum-exchange actuator contains challenging mathematical singularities that occur when the actuator geometrically aligns perpendicularly to the commanded torque direction. Substantial research has arisen toward singularity avoidance, singularity escape (when avoidance fails), and singularity penetration which permits safe flight through regions of singularity. The latter two in particular, singularity escape and penetration require mathematical calculations of singular and near-singular quantities (very large numbers) using constituent numbers that are sometimes very small. This dichotomy leads to interesting peculiarities in some specific geometries. This short communication critically evaluates three often spoke postulates for defining singularity and the axioms that accompany the postulates. Researchers using disparate postulates arrive at contradictory conclusions about singularities, and we examine these peculiarities, leading to a few conclusions. Singular conditions must never be declared in the abstract without consideration for the commanded maneuver (e.g. the claim “the CMG system is singular”). Seeking the true angular momentum capability at near-planar skew angles, this research concludes that performance prediction is difficult installations at low skew angles should be avoided whenever permissible to enhance abilities of mathematical calculations. It will be shown that maximum momentum performance is easily predicted at very high and very low skew angles, and performance will be shown to be lowest at mid-values of skew angle. Meanwhile, maximum singularity-free performance remains elusive at even modestly low skew-angles.
Histological and Biomechanical Evaluation of Biologic Adjuvants in a Murine Tendon-Bone Healing Model

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: basic Science, Histology, Biomechanical SUMMARY Background. The purpose of this study was to compare subacromial bursa to concentrated bone marrow aspirate (cBMA) in a murine, tendon-bone healing model. The authors hypothesized that subacromial bursa would show similar biomechanical, histological, and cell survivability to that of cBMA. Methods. Thirty-nine NSG mice were included in the study. All mice underwent simulated patella tendon avulsion injuries and were divided into one of three treatment groups: subacromial bursa, cBMA, or fibrin clot only. Subacromial bursa and cBMA were obtained from a single patient during primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (male, age: 57 years). All mice were sacrificed at 2 weeks for biomechanical, histologic, and immunohistochemistry evaluation. Biomechanical analysis included load to failure and stiffness, with the contralateral knees used as controls. Human PCR analysis was performed to confirm survivability in the bursa and cBMA groups. Results. With respect to the contralateral intact limb, treatment with subacromial bursa significantly increased load to failure (66% of intact) compared to fibrin only (47.87% of intact, P=0.018). cBMA was found to restore tendon strength to 49.9% to its intact side, however no significant difference was found when compared to bursa (P=0.06). No significant difference in stiffness was found between groups. Human nuclear antigen was positive in 75% of the bursa treated mice compared to only 25% of the cBMA specimens. Conclusions. Subacromial bursa tissue demonstrated significant improvement in tendon strength compared to fibrin clot treatment (acellular control) at 2 weeks. Increased human cell survivability was also demonstrated using bursal tissue compared to cBMA.
Lévy Processes in Gold Option Modeling

To price and hedge derivative securities, it is crucial to have a good model of the probability distribution of the underlying product. In financial markets under uncertainty, the classical Black-Scholes model cannot explain the empirical facts. To overcome this drawback, the Levy process was introduced to financial modeling. Today Gold futures markets are highly volatile. The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical framework in which American options on Gold futures contracts are priced more effectively. In this work, the Generalized Hyperbolic process, Normal Inverse Gaussian Process, Generalized Inverse Gaussian Process and Variance Gamma Process were used to model the future price. Then, option prices under the risk-neutral pricing process were calibrated and then authors attempt to infer the density forecast of future Gold prices at a given time horizon. Finally, Normal Inverse Gaussian was selected as the best model for Gold options by significant quantitative comparison between parsimonious models.
Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and hydrolytic enzymes on fermentation and ruminal degradability of orange pulp silage

Article info: Received: 19 April 2015 Accepted: 5 October 2015 ABSTRACT The current study was carried out to examine the effect of inoculants, enzymes and mixtures of them on the fermentation, degradability and nutrient value of orange pulp silage. Orange pulp was treated with water (control), inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum), enzymes (multiple enzyme) or inoculants + enzymes prior to ensiling (denoted C, I, E and I+E). For ensiled orange pulp, 84 kg of orange pulp were mixed with 16 kg of wheat straw as an absorbent. Three minisilos were prepared for each treatment and ensiled for 90 days. Data of each silo within each silage treatment was averaged and used as an experimental unit in a completely random design. Silage pH, total fatty acid and ammonia nitrogen were determined. Silage pH and lactic acid concentration were lowest and highest respectively for I and I+E (p<0.01), while the lowest (p <0.01) NH3N concentration (49.8 g/kg total N) was observed in I compared to the control. The lowest acetic and butyric acid concentrations were observed in I and I+E compared with the control (p <0.01). The highest metabolizable energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEl), digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMD), short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and microbial protein (MP) values were observed for I+E (p <0.01). The in vitro degradability of dry matter (IVDMD) was highest (P<0.01) in I+E, while the highest (P<0.01) effective degradability of DM (EDDM) was observed for E and I+E treatments. These results indicated that the bacterial inoculants and combination of enzyme and bacterial inoculants clearly improved silage fermentation characteristic. In addition, the ME, DOM, MP and IVDMD of I+E were significantly improved.
Interest and Credit Risk Management in German Banks: Evidence From a Quantitative Survey

Using unique data of a survey among small and medium-sized German banks, we analyze various aspects of risk management over a short-term and medium-term horizon. We especially analyze the effect of a 200-bp increase in the interest level. We find that, in the first year, the impairments of banks' bond portfolios are much larger than the reductions in their net interest income, that banks attenuate the resulting write-downs by liquidating hidden reserves and that banks which use interest derivatives have lower impairments in their bond portfolios. In addition, we find that banks' exposures to interest rate risk and to credit risk are remunerated, that banks' try to stabilize the mid-term net interest margin with exposure to interest rate risk and that they act as if they have a risk budget which they allocate either to interest rate risk or credit risk.
Validation of a novel discrete-based model for fracturing of brittle materials

In this study, a micro-mechanical model is developed to study the fracture propagation process in rocks. The model is represented by an array of bonded particles simulated by the Discrete Sphero-Polyhedra Element Model (DSEM), which was introduced by the authors previously. It allows the modelling of particles of general shape, with no internal porosity. The DSEM method is used to model the Crack Chevron Notch Brazilian Disc (CCNBD) test suggested by the International Society of Rock Mechanics (ISRM) for determining the fracture toughness of rock specimens. CCNBD specimens with different crack inclination angles relative to the direction of loading are modelled to investigate the fracture geometry and propagation. The Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD) is calculated, and the results are validated using experimental results obtained from the literature. The motivation behind using this technique is the desire to study micro-mechanical aspects of fracture propagation in rocks and to formulate calibration procedures for the quantitative modelling of rock materials using discrete approaches. The results from this study contribute to the proper validation of discrete methods and improved understanding of how micro-damage affects fracture at the macro scale.
Does Investment in Advertising Boost Economic Performance? Firm-Level Evidence of Ecuadorian Manufacturing

This paper examines how the firm´s advertising investments are related to different measures of economic and productivity performance during 2007 – 2017 in Ecuadorian manufacturing. Particularly, this study analyzes if firms that have advertising investments have better economic and productivity performance compare to non-advertising investment firms. In addition, this looks for evidence on how the different advertising strategies may affect productivity and gross revenue in both advertising and non-advertising firms. For this, this paper estimates the total factor productivity (TFP) at firm-level using a semi-parametric approach to reduce the simultaneous and endogeneity problems in the selection of inputs. The estimation results show that manufacturing firms which invest in advertising have an Advertising Premia on economic and productivity indicators, this premia is higher on economic outcomes. Also, the findings are that continuing advertising investment strategy firms have higher TFP, labor productivity, and gross revenue than exiting advertising investment firms, suggesting self-selection in the exit side of the market but not in the entry side of the market. Finally, the study finds that after firms entering to invest in advertising, firms experience an improvement on TFP, labor productivity, and gross revenue growth, which are in favor of learning by advertising hypothesis.
Wealth Inequality, Class and Caste in India, 1961-2012

I combine data from wealth surveys (NSS-AIDIS) and millionaire lists to produce wealth inequality series for India over the 1961-2012 period. I find a strong rise in wealth concentration in recent decades, in line with recent research using income data. E.g. the top 10% wealth share rose from 45% in year 1981 to 63% in 2012, while the top 1% share rose from 12.5% to 31%. Next, I gather information from censuses and surveys (NSS AIDIS and IHDS) in order to explore the changing relationship between class and caste in India and the mechanisms behind rising inequality.
PARALLEL ENVIRONMENT FOR VLSI CAD

Most parallel algorithms for VLSI CAD proposed to date have one important drawback: they work efficiently only on machines that they were designed for. As a result, algorithms designed to date are dependent on the architecture for which they are developed and do not port easily to other parallel architectures. This paper describes a new project under way to address this problem. We are developing a Portable object-oriented parallel environment for CAD algorithms (ProperCAD). The objectives of this research are two-fold. (1) To develop new parallel algorithms that run in a portable object-oriented environment. We accomplish this in two stages. First, we are developing CAD algorithms using a general purpose platform for portable parallel programming called CHARM [6, 12] developed at the University of Illinois. Second, we are concurrently developing a C+ + environment that is truly object-oriented and specialized for CAD applications. (2) To design the parallel algorithms around a good sequential algorithm with a well-defined parallelsequential interface. This will permit the parallel algorithm to benefit from future developments in sequential algorithms. We describe one CAD application that has been implemented as part of the ProperCAD project: flat VLSI circuit extraction. The algorithm, its implementation, and its performance on a range of parallel machines are discussed in detail. It currently runs on an Encore Multimax, a Sequent Symmetry, Intel iPSC/2 and i860 hypercubes, a NCUBE 2 hypercube, and a network of Sun Sparc workstations. We also provide performance data for other applications that have been developed: namely test pattern generation for sequential circuits, parallel logic synthesis and standard cell placement.
Processes culminating in the 2015 phreatic explosion at Lascar volcano, Chile, evidenced by multiparametric data

Abstract. Small steam-driven volcanic explosions are common at volcanoes worldwide but are rarely documented or monitored; therefore, these events still put residents and tourists at risk every year. Steam-driven explosions also occur frequently (once every 2–5 years on average) at Lascar volcano, Chile, where they are often spontaneous and lack any identifiable precursor activity. Here, for the first time at Lascar, we describe the processes culminating in such a sudden volcanic explosion that occurred on 30 October 2015, which was thoroughly monitored by cameras, a seismic network, and gas and temperature sensors. Prior to the eruption, we retrospectively identified unrest manifesting as a gradual increase in the number of long-period (LP) seismic events in 2014, indicating an enhanced level of activity at the volcano. Additionally, sulfur dioxide ( SO2 ) flux and thermal anomalies were detected before the eruption. Then, our weather station reported a precipitation event, followed by an increase in steaming and a sudden volcanic explosion at Lascar. The multidisciplinary data exhibited short-term variations associated with the explosion, including (1) an abrupt eruption onset that was seismically identified in the 1–10 Hz frequency band, (2) the detection of a 1.7 km high white-gray eruption column in camera images, and (3) a pronounced spike in SO2 emission rates reaching 55 kg s −1 during the main pulse of the eruption as measured by a mini-differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) scanner. Continuous carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) and temperature measurements conducted at a fumarole on the southern rim of the Lascar crater revealed a pronounced change in the trend of the relationship between the CO2 mixing ratio and the gas outlet temperature; we speculate that this change was associated with the prior precipitation event. An increased thermal anomaly inside the active crater as observed in Sentinel-2 images and drone overflights performed after the steam-driven explosion revealed the presence of a ∼50 m long fracture truncating the floor of the active crater, which coincides well with the location of the thermal anomaly. This study presents the chronology of events culminating in a steam-driven explosion but also demonstrates that phreatic explosions are difficult to predict, even if the volcano is thoroughly monitored; these findings emphasize why ascending to the summits of Lascar and similar volcanoes is hazardous, particularly after considerable precipitation.