Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal and Plasma Simulations of Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) and the Rosetta Target Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

This work is devoted to the simulation of cometary activity and of the solar wind-comet interaction. Cometary activity is calculated from a macroscopic thermophysical nucleus model consisting of the heat- and mass transfer problem of cometary nuclei. The model accounts for heat conduction, heat advection, sublimation, and gas diffusion in a porous mixture of dust, water ice, and CO ice. The characteristic feature of this model is the treatment of surface erosion due to surface sublimation as a moving boundary value problem allowing to take properly into account the loss process of internal energy of the eroded sub-surface layers. These kind of problems are known as Stefan problem. After thoroughly validating the newly developed computer code the water and CO activity of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) is calculated and successfully compared with a data set of empirically derived production rates. In distinction to previous models the presented approach allows to interpret these observations without the assumption of amorphous ice and CO gas occluded therein. The model is then applied to the target comet of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Rosetta mission, 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P). Activity of water and CO as well as temperature depth profiles are calculated. In the second part of the thesis the plasma environment of 67P is calculated based on results derived from the thermal modeling of cometary activity. The hybrid plasma model developed at the TU Braunschweig is applied and extended to simulate aspects of the solar wind-comet interaction. The hybrid plasma model treats the dynamics of the solar wind protons and cometary ions kinetically while the electrons are modeled as a charge neutralizing fluid that instantaneously adapts to the heavy ion dynamics. Anisotropic cometary activity patterns, the approach of the comet to the Sun, and the effects of two ion species of cometary origin, water and CO, are investigated in detail.
Temporal trends of COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation rates: an observational cohort study from the US Department of Veterans Affairs

Objectives To investigate the temporal trends of 30-day mortality and hospitalisation in US Veterans with COVID-19 and 30-day mortality in hospitalised veterans with COVID-19 and to decompose the contribution of changes in the underlying characteristics of affected populations to these temporal changes. Design Observational cohort study. Setting US Department of Veterans Affairs. Participants 49 238 US veterans with a positive COVID-19 test between 20 March 2020 and 19 September 2020; and 9428 US veterans hospitalised with a positive COVID-19 test during the same period. Outcome measures 30-day mortality rate and hospitalisation rate. Results Between 20 March 2020 and 19 September 2020 and in COVID-19 positive individuals, 30-day mortality rate dropped by 9.2% from 13.6% to 4.4%; hospitalisation rate dropped by 16.8% from 33.8% to 17.0%. In hospitalised COVID-19 individuals, 30-day mortality rate dropped by 12.7% from 23.5% to 10.8%. Among COVID-19 positive individuals, decomposition analyses suggested that changes in demographic, health and contextual characteristics, COVID-19 testing capacity, and hospital occupancy rates accounted for 40.2% and 33.3% of the decline in 30-day mortality and hospitalisation, respectively. Changes in the underlying characteristics of hospitalised COVID-19 individuals accounted for 29.9% of the decline in 30-day mortality. Conclusion Between March and September 2020, changes in demographic and health characteristics of people infected with COVID-19 contributed measurably to the substantial decline in 30-day mortality and hospitalisation.
A comparison of quality of life between patients with small and large gastric remnant volumes after gastrectomy for gastric cancer

Abstract The impact of gastric remnant volumes (GRVs) after gastrectomy on patients’ quality of life (QOL) has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present study was to compare QOL after gastrectomy between small and large gastric remnant volume patients. We prospectively collected clinical data from 78 consecutive patients who underwent distal gastrectomy with Billroth II gastrojejunostomy for gastric cancer. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Stomach questionnaire and gastric computed tomography scans were performed. The patients were subdivided into 2 groups by remnant stomach volume (the S group ≤110 mL vs L group >110 mL). The worst scores for most items were observed at postoperative month 1 and usually improved thereafter. There was no difference in the STO22 score except for dysphagia between the S and L groups after gastrectomy (P > .05). The QOL score of dysphagia was different at postoperative 6 months (S vs L, 12.4 vs 22.8, P < .03), but there was no difference at postoperative months 1, 3, 12, 24, or 36 (P > .05). The remnant gastric volume after partial gastrectomy affects neither functional differences nor QOL after 6 months following appropriate radical surgery.
Expression of the axon guidance factor Slit2 and its receptor Robo1 in patients with Hirschsprung disease

Abstract Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a common form of digestive tract malformation in children. However, the pathogenesis of HD is not very clear. This study aimed to investigate the expression of slit guidance ligand 2 (Slit2) and roundabout 1 (Robo1) in patients with HD. From January 2018 to January 2019, 30 colon specimens from children with HD undergoing surgical resection at the Department of Surgery in Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University were obtained. These specimens were divided into the normal segment group, the transitional segment group and the spastic segment group. Immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to measure the expression of Slit2 and Robo1 in the intestinal walls of normal, transitional, and spastic segments. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analyses showed high levels of the Slit2 and Robo1 proteins in normal ganglion cells in children with HD, lower levels in transitional ganglion cells, and no expression in spastic segments, with significant differences between groups (P < .05). Similarly, the real-time polymerase chain reaction results were consistent with the Western blot analysis results. The expression of Slit2 and Robo1 decreases significantly in the spastic segment of the intestinal tract in patients with HD.
The obesity paradox and orthopedic surgery

Abstract The Obesity Paradox describes the counterintuitive finding that although obesity contributes to the development of chronic conditions such as chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease, obesity seems to improve mortality in patients with these diseases. This paradox has also been sited in the critical care literature in regard to acute kidney injury, obesity and mortality. This study's objective is to examine the impact of obesity and post-surgical acute kidney injury on hospital length of stay and 2-year mortality after orthopedic surgery. We reviewed the electronic medical records of all adult elective orthopedic surgery patients over 2 years in a large academic hospital. The 1783 patients who met inclusion criteria were divided into obese (body mass index, BMI ≥ 30, n = 1123) and non-obese groups (BMI <30, n = 660). Demographics, medications, comorbidities, and perioperative variables were included in multivariable logistic regression analyses with acute kidney injury, length of hospital stay, and two-year mortality as primary outcomes. Outcomes were analyzed for the entire group, the obese cohort and the non-obese cohort. Acute kidney injury developed in 5% of the post-surgical orthopedic patients. Obesity increased the likelihood of developing acute kidney injury post orthopedic surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 1.82; 95% Confidence interval [CI] 1.05–3.15, P = .034). Acute kidney injury increased length of stay by 1.3 days and increased the odds of two-year mortality (OR = 2.08; 95% CI 1.03–4.22, P = .041). However, obese patients had a decreased likelihood of two-year mortality (OR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.33–0.84, P = .009). In adult orthopedic surgery patients, obesity increased the risk of acute kidney injury. Patients who developed an acute kidney injury had longer hospital stays and higher two-year mortality. Paradoxically, obesity decreased two-year mortality.
High-impact aerobics programme supplemented by pelvic floor muscle training does not impair the function of pelvic floor muscles in active nulliparous women

Abstract Background: We aimed to test the hypothesis that high-impact aerobics programme, combined with pelvic floor muscle training does not impair pelvic floor muscle function in young active women. Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted among active nulliparous, sport university students (age 23 ± 3 years, mean ± SD). Experimental group (n = 13) attended high-impact aerobics programme, supplemented by pelvic floor muscle training with one biofeedback session, for 6 weeks. The control group (n = 19) did not get any intervention. Before and after the experiment, we assessed pelvic floor muscle function in both groups with surface electromyography using vaginal probes. In both groups, we assessed the participants’ quality of life related to pelvic floor functions with the Incontinence Impact Questionnaires. Results: We recorded no impairments in neuromuscular activity of pelvic floor muscles and in quality of life in women regularly performing high-impact aerobics. What is even more positive, after 6 weeks, experimental group presented better skills both in contracting and relaxing their pelvic floor muscles, although the pre-post intervention EMG change was not statistically significant. All participants maintained good quality of life related to pelvic floor functions. Conclusions: High-impact aerobics, supplemented by pelvic floor muscle training can be recommended for active nulliparas.
Mapping of endometriosis in patients with unilateral endometrioma

Abstract To map the distribution of the sites most affected by endometriosis in patients with unilateral ovarian endometriomas. A descriptive case series of 84 patients with unilateral endometriomas undergoing laparoscopy for the treatment of endometriosis. To evaluate the distribution of the sites of endometriosis lesions, the peritoneal compartments were divided into 5 zones: zone 1/the anterior compartment, including the anterior uterine serosa, vesicouterine fold, round ligament, and bladder; zone 2/the lateral compartment, including the left and right ovary, ovarian fossa, tubes, mesosalpinx, uterosacral ligaments, parametrium, and the ureter; zone 3/the posterior compartment, including posterior uterine serosa, the pouch of Douglas, posterior vaginal fornix, and bowel; zone 4 consisting of the abdominal wall; and zone 5 consisting of the diaphragm. Of the 5 zones evaluated, the lateral compartment (zone 2) was the most affected, with 60.7% of the patients having dense adhesions around the left ovarian fossa and 57.1% around the right ovarian fossa. The ovarian endometriomas were more commonly found on the left side (54.8%) compared to the right (45.2%). In the posterior compartment (zone 3), the posterior cul-de-sac was obliterated in 51.2% of the patients. In the anterior compartment (zone 1), there were lesions in the vesicouterine fold in 30.9% of the patients and in the bladder in 19%. Lesions were found in the abdominal wall (zone 4) and diaphragm (zone 5) in 21.4% and 10.7% of patients, respectively. Unilateral endometriomas are important markers of the severity of endometriosis.
Prevalence of postoperative delirium with different combinations of intraoperative general anesthetic agents in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Abstract Postoperative delirium (PD) remains an issue in cardiac surgery despite the constant efforts to reduce its incidence. In this retrospective study, the incidence of PD was evaluated in patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) according to different primary anesthetic agents: sevoflurane and dexmedetomidine- versus propofol-based anesthesia. A total of 534 patients who underwent heart-valve surgery or coronary artery bypass graft surgery with CPB between January 2012 and August 2017 were divided into 2 groups according to the main anesthetic agent: sevoflurane with dexmedetomidine (sevo-dex group, n = 340) and propofol (propofol group, n = 194). The incidence of PD was evaluated as the primary outcome. Patient-, surgery-, and anesthesia-related factors and postoperative complications were investigated as secondary outcomes. To reduce the risk of confounding effects between the 2 groups, 194 patients were selected from the sevo-dex group after propensity-score matching. After propensity-score matching, the incidence of PD was not significantly different between the sevo-dex (6.2%) and propofol (10.8%) groups (P = .136). In comparisons of the incidence of each type of PD, only hyperactive PD occurred significantly less frequently in the sevo-dex group (P = .021). Older age, lower preoperative albumin levels, and emergency surgery were significant risk factors for PD. The overall incidence of PD after cardiac surgery with CPB did not differ between patients receiving sevoflurane and dexmedetomidine-based versus propofol-based anesthesia. Only hyperactive PD occurred less frequently in patients receiving sevoflurane and dexmedetomidine-based anesthesia.
A cross-sectional study

So far, only a few studies have examined and confirmed the correlation between end-expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2) and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) during invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. This study aimed to observe the correlation between PaCO2 and PETCO2 in patients on invasive mechanical ventilation. This was a cross-sectional study of adult patients on invasive mechanical ventilation enrolled between June 2018 andMarch 2019. Patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation underwent one of the following mechanical ventilation modes: assisted/controlled ventilation, synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, and spontaneous breathing. Subsequently, the difference and correlation between PETCO2 and PaCO2 were analyzed. A total of 184patientswith 298pairs ofPETCO2-PaCO2datawere included in theanalysis.Without distinguishing the ventilatormode, therewas significant positive correlation betweenPETCO2 andPaCO2. In different ventilatormodes, the correlation coefficientwas0.81 for synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, 0.47 for assisted/controlled ventilation, and 0.55 for spontaneous breathing, respectively. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (r=0.80), multiple trauma (r=0.64), severe pneumonia (r=0.60), gastrointestinal surgery (r=0.57), and cerebrovascular diseases (r=0.53), PETCO2 and PaCO2 were positively correlated. For oxygenation index<200mmHg, correlation coefficient r=0.69, P< . 001; oxygenation index ≥200, r=0.73, P< . 001. Under different oxygenation indexes, therewasnostatistically significant differencebetween the 2 correlation coefficients. Among116pairs of datawith oxygenation index<200mmHg, the differenceof PaCO2-PETCO2≥10mmHgwas found in 25pairs (21.55%); in 182pairs of datawith oxygenation index ≥200mmHg, the difference of PaCO2-PETCO2 ≥10mmHg was found in 26 pairs In patients on invasive mechanical ventilation, there was a good correlation between PETCO2 and PaCO2 in different ventilator modes, different disease types, and different oxygenation indexes, especially in synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation mode and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Abbreviations: A/C = assisted/controlled ventilation, ICU = intensive care units, PaCO2 = arterial carbon dioxide tension, PETCO2 = end-expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure, SIMV = synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SPONT = spontaneous breathing.
Preparation of microporous activated carbon from date stones by chemical activation using zinc chloride

ABSTRACT In this study, the valorization of the agricultural by-products “date stones” (DS) by pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen at 300–600°C, and activation by ZnCl2 were studied. The characterization of the adsorbent was carried out by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as specific surface area measurement (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)). These charcoals exhibited well-developed texture characteristics, thus increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 300 to 600°C.
The opportunity of using alloplastic bone augmentation materials in the maxillofacial region– Literature review

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to review the past and present available means of bone reconstruction and augmentation in the maxillofacial region using alloplastic materials in order to evaluate whether research in this field is still of interest. Bone morphology and function is described for a better understanding of its formation and healing and also the role that biomaterials play in this process. Several types of alloplastic materials and their means of fixation are mentioned, which aim to obtain optimal healing in the maxillofacial region (after trauma, tooth loss, bone defects etc.). Currently available materials provide good results but they can be improved in directions like: perfect 3D modeling, close to 0% resorption, improved osteoconduction and maybe even osteoinduction, better means of fixation, no need for membranes to protect them, lower costs and a wider acceptance by practitioners and patients.
Parental Occupation and Mental Health of Young Adults

Occupation or job is one's role in society, often a regular activity performed for payment or earning. Occupation is the defining activity in people's lives (Wikipedia). There is no one answer to whether it is good if both parents are working. Since women began entering the workforce in increasing numbers in the late 20th century, psychologists and child development experts have questioned the effects of working parents on a child's overall development. Many families must rely on financial support from both parents, thus necessitating the dualincome family, but healthy social and emotional development depends on more than just the amount of time spent with children (WOW Parenting, 2019).
Polymorphism Detection in Alpha-Lactalbumin Gene and its Association with Some Productive Traits in Egyptian Goats

Amira M. Nowier1, Hassan R. Darwish2, Sherif I. Ramadan3, Nadia A. Abo El-Maaty2 and Othman E. Othman2* 1Biotechnology Research Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. 2Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt. 3Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt. Article Information Received 06 July 2020 Revised 29 August 2020 Accepted 26 September 2020 Available online 12 August 2021
The Empathetic Car

An empathetic car that is capable of reading the driver's emotions has been envisioned by many car manufacturers. Emotion inference enables in-vehicle applications to improve driver comfort, well-being, and safety. Available emotion inference approaches use physiological, facial, and speech-related data to infer emotions during driving trips. However, existing solutions have two major limitations: Relying on sensors that are not built into the vehicle restricts emotion inference to those people leveraging corresponding devices (e.g., smartwatches). Relying on modalities such as facial expressions and speech raises privacy concerns. By contrast, researchers in mobile health have been able to infer affective states (e.g., emotions) based on behavioral and contextual patterns decoded in available sensor streams, e.g., obtained by smartphones. We transfer this rationale to an in-vehicle setting by analyzing the feasibility of inferring driver emotions by passively interpreting the data streams of the control area network (CAN-bus) and the traffic context (inferred from the front-view camera). Therefore, our approach does not rely on particularly privacy-sensitive data streams such as the driver facial video or driver speech, but is built based on existing CAN-bus data and traffic information, which is available in current high-end or future vehicles. To assess our approach, we conducted a four-month field study on public roads covering a variety of uncontrolled daily driving activities. Hence, our results were generated beyond the confines of a laboratory environment. Ultimately, our proposed approach can accurately recognise drivers' emotions and achieve comparable performance as the medical-grade physiological sensor-based state-of-the-art baseline method.
Virtual educational meetings and activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: Egyptian oncologists’ experience

The COVID-19 pandemic has had ramifications for most healthcare activities, including medical education and communication aspects. Virtual educational meetings and activities (VEMAs) have been utilised tremendously in the pandemic era, reflecting a transition to new horizons of cyberspace. This creates the need to explore possible challenges for the implementation of such services in the rapidly evolving field of oncology. The aim of our study is to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on VEMAs in the oncology community in Egypt. It focused on the evaluation of current attitudes, satisfaction and expectations of Egyptian oncologists during and beyond the COVID-19 era. The study is a cross-sectional study using a survey that was distributed through social media. It targeted Egyptian oncologists during the months of May and June 2020. A total of 118 participants completed the survey and most of them were younger than 35 years (71%). Most participants (93.2%) agreed that COVID-19 affected the stream of live medical educational meetings. About three-quarters of them attended VEMAs during the COVID-19 period compared to 50% prior to the pandemic. The majority reported that evening hours after 8 PM was the best time to attend VEMAs and 1 hour is the optimal duration for a virtual meeting. Although the COVID-19 pandemic appeared as an unprecedented challenge for medical education, it can be a catalyst for VEMAs, especially in a rapidly evolving field such as oncology. Further research is needed to assess whether learners are ready and willing to make greater use of online educational platforms and investigate the possible barriers and strategies to enhance their use.