Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae K1 and K2 Capsular Types by PCR and Quellung Test

Objectives: We designed a PCR method for detection of capsular serotypes K1 and K2 of K. pneumoniae using genes cps cluster wzc and orf10 which are required for biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharides in K1 and K2 types, respectively. Materials and Methods: We collected 89 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates from the patients of Labafinejad Hospital located in Tehran. Clinical isolates were mostly chosen from urine. We used PCR technique to detect isolates possessing K1 and K2 capsular polysaccharides based on the wzc and orf10 genes which are required for biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharide in K1 and K2 types, respectively. The results of PCR were compared with those obtained by capsular serotyping using Quellung test. Results: Of 89 isolates of K. pneumoniae tested by both techniques, 10 (11.2%) belonged to K1 and 13 (14.6%) belonged to K2 serotypes, respectively. Conclusions: We found that these serotypes are probably important in clinical specimens. PCR was a simple and inexpensive tool for identification of K. pneumoniae clinical isolates of K1 and K2 geno-serotypes.
Effect of dietary particle size and carbohydrase and/or phytase supplementation on nitrogen and phosphorus excretion of grower pigs

The effect of dietary particle size and enzyme supplementation on N and P excretion were investigated in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three particle sizes (400, 700, or 850 μm), two levels of a carbohydrase cocktail [0 or 444 added units (U) β-glucanase plus 1385 added U xylanase kg-1 diet], and two levels of phytase (0 or 374 added U phytase kg-1 diet), for a total of 12 dietary treatments. Diets (70% barley, 25% peas) were formulated to contain 3.25 Mcal digestible energy (DE) kg-1, 1.6 g digestible lysine Mcal-1 DE, and 1.2 g kg-1 available P. Sixty pigs (25.3 ± 1.4 kg) had restricted access (3 × maintenance DE) to feed, and five individual pig observations for each of the 12 mash diets were obtained. Reducing particle size from 700 to 400 µm reduced total P excretion 12% and increased P digestibility and retention 15% (P < 0.05), while phytase reduced total P excretion 28% and increased P digestibility and retention 42% (P < 0.01). Reducing particle size from 850 and 700 to 400 µ m decrease.
Tightening the retinal glia limitans attenuates neuroinflammation after optic nerve injury

Increasing evidence suggests that functional impairments at the level of the neurovascular unit (NVU) underlie many neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. While being part of the NVU, astrocytes have been largely overlooked in this context and only recently, tightening of the glia limitans has been put forward as an important neuroprotective response to limit these injurious processes. In this study, using the retina as a central nervous system (CNS) model organ, we investigated the structure and function of the glia limitans, and reveal that the blood–retina barrier and glia limitans function as a coordinated double barrier to limit infiltration of leukocytes and immune molecules. We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence for a protective response at the NVU upon CNS injury, which evokes inflammation‐induced glia limitans tightening. Matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3) was found to be a crucial regulator of this process, thereby revealing its beneficial and immunomodulatory role in the CNS. in vivo experiments in which MMP‐3 activity was deleted via genetic and pharmacological approaches, combined with a comprehensive study of tight junction molecules, glial end feet markers, myeloid cell infiltration, cytokine expression and neurodegeneration, show that MMP‐3 attenuates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by tightening the glia limitans, thereby pointing to a prominent role of MMP‐3 in preserving the integrity of the NVU upon injury. Finally, we gathered promising evidence to suggest that IL1b, which is also regulated by MMP‐3, is at least one of the molecular messengers that induces glia limitans tightening in the injured CNS.
Positive Impact Forestry: a Sustainable Approach to Managing Woodlands

For anyone who has walked through woods or wilderness and wondered why a piece of land looks the way it does, this book could answer some of those mysteries. The book should change the way its readers see forests, for as Jeff Forester notes in citing a Talmudic saying, ‘‘We do not see things as they are, we see them as we are. ’’ Forester takes the reader on a historical whirlwind tour of the North Woods of Minnesota, using what he terms the six land-management paradigms. He starts out with the tribal, in which he recalls the practices of the Native Americans and how they are diametrically opposed to the more puritanical practices that came with the white settlers. The author then takes the reader into the pioneer stage. In this stage, small independent operators and families like the Whiteside brothers eked out a living from the land. The industrial stage follows, in which the harvest of the forests accelerated exponentially with the influx of lumber barons, including companies like Weyerhaeuser. These larger corporations brought in railroads and used mechanized inventions to fell trees at rates never before seen. The reader will find that there was much corruption during this stage, including abuses of congressional acts like the Homestead Act of 1862. After the industrial stage came conservation. In this stage, farthinking men like Gifford Pinchot observed that the forests should be treated as any other crop is treated, with the exception that they have longer rotation periods. The fifth stage, which followed, saw men like Aldo Leopold consider the forests as being for much more than just timber production. They saw that the forests have values that have no price tag, including values for recreation and spiritual renewal. The appreciation came to be known as the wilderness ethic. This ethic demanded that some land should be held in its primeval state. The reader will find out that this process of wilderness establishment turned out to be a long, drawn-out effort. The sixth stage, the one we are currently in, is the restoration forestry stage, in which we attempt to undo the impacts of the pioneers, industrialists, and some conservationists. The most important of these lasting impacts was the suppression of fire in the North Woods. Many readers will be surprised at the impacts that this practice has had, and is still having, on the health of the northern forests. Mr Forester spends considerable time on the impacts of our current fire-suppression efforts. As a student of forestry, and as a practicing forester, I found The Forest for the Trees to be insightful reading. It has changed my way of thinking of how I should practice my craft. Most natural resource professionals will find this book enlightening reading, and I recommend it to anyone who is interested in the history and management of our forests. —Kevin Parkinson, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.
The millipedes of Thailand (Diplopoda)

One hundred and five (105) species of millipedes are recorded from Thailand, based on a scrutiny of literature and a study of hitherto unpublished material. Detailed locality records, published and new, are given for all species. Rhopalomeris carnifex (Pocock, 1889), Tonkinbolus dollfusi (Pocock, 1893), Anurostreptus barthelemyae Demange, 1961, Cornugonus floweri Demange, 1961, Cornugonus implicatus Demange, 1961, Thyropygus aterrimus (Pocock, 1889) and Orthomorpha intercedens Attems, 1937 are recorded as new to the Thai fauna. Although several undescribed species are known from existing collections, they are not described here. The name Metopidiothrix anderssoni Shear, 2002, is emended to Metopidiothrix anderseni Shear, 2002. Paradesmus flavocarinatus Daday, 1889, is synonymized with Asiomorpha coarctata (De Saussure, 1860). Four Thai species, viz., Platyrhacus bouvieri Brölemann, 1896, Antheromorpha festiva (Brölemann, 1896), Orthomorpha paviei Brölemann, 1896, and Orthomorpha variegata Brölemann, 1896, were erroneously included the list of Vietnamese millipedes recently published by Enghoff et al. (Arthropoda Selecta 13: 29–43, 2004) and should be deleted from the Vietnamese fauna. Remarks on the biogeographical affinities of Thai millipedes are provided.
Physical Activity Does Not Lower the Risk of Lung Cancer

A new genetic study provides little evidence that recommending physical activity would help prevent lung cancer. Observational studies have suggested that physical activity might lower the risk of lung cancer in former and current smokers, but not in never-smokers. Using genetic instruments for self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity traits implemented through two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), we sought to strengthen the evidence for causality. We used 18 genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10−8) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and seven SNP for accelerometer-measured (“average acceleration”) physical activity from up to 377,234 UK Biobank participants and evaluated these in relation to risk using 29,266 lung cancer cases (including 11,273 adenocarcinomas, 7,426 squamous cell carcinoma, and 2,664 small-cell carcinoma cases) and 56,450 controls. MR analysis suggested no effect of self-reported physical activity [OR (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 0.67 (0.42–1.05); P = 0.081; Q-value = 0.243] and accelerometer-measured activity [OR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0.93–1.03); P = 0.372; Q-value = 0.562] on lung cancer. There was no evidence for associations of physical activity with histologic types and lung cancer in ever and never smokers. Replication analysis using genetic instruments from a different genome-wide study and sensitivity analysis to address potential pleiotropic effects led to no substantive change in estimates. Collectively, these findings do not support a protective relationship between physical activity and the risk of lung cancer. Significance: A new genetic study provides little evidence that recommending physical activity would help prevent lung cancer.
Food or medication? The therapeutic effects of food on the duration and incidence of upper respiratory tract infections: a Review of the literature

Abstract Purpose Upper respiratory tract infections are common in children and adults. Antiviral treatments are only available for specific groups of patients, stimulating the distribution of over-the-counter medication to relieve the symptoms for the other patients. Studies about whole foods and their effect on the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract infections were reviewed. Methods Randomized controlled trials and case-control studies available on MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase were included. Results and Conclusions Thirty-three studies were included. The incidence of respiratory infections or symptoms was shown to be reduced in some studies when probiotics, prebiotics, growing-up milk, fish oil, kiwi, garlic and xylitol were taken. Duration was favorably influenced by the intake of elderberry, kiwi, probiotics and fish oil. When the risk of bias and repetition is taken into account, probiotics and elderberry repeatedly show favorable effects. Prudent conclusions can be made in selective patient groups. However, the studies were diverse and were only performed by a few study groups.
Optimization of therapeutic strategy for p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Multi-institutional observational study based on the national head and neck cancer registry of Japan.

BACKGROUND Although the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM classification has been amended to include human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) as an independent entity, to the authors' knowledge the optimized de-escalating treatment modality has not been established to date. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective, nationwide, observational study in patients with HPV-related OPSCC who were treated from 2011 to 2014 in Japan to determine the best treatment modality. RESULTS A total of 688 patients who were newly diagnosed with HPV-related OPSCC who were treated with curative intent at 35 institutions and had coherent clinical information and follow-up data available were included in the current study. In patients with T1-T2N0 disease (79 patients), both the 3-year recurrence-free survival and overall survival (OS) rates were 100% in the group treated with radiotherapy (RT) as well as the group receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). The 3-year OS rates were 94.4% (for patients with T1N0 disease) and 92.9% (for patients with T2N0 disease) among the patients treated with upfront surgery. In patients with stage I to stage II HPV-related OPSCC, the 5-year recurrence-free survival and OS rates were 91.4% and 92%, respectively, in the patients treated with CCRT with relatively high-dose cisplatin (≥160 mg/m2 ; 114 patients) and 74.3% and 69.5%, respectively, in the patients treated with low-dose cisplatin (<160 mg/m2 ; 17 patients). CONCLUSIONS Despite it being a retrospective observational trial with a lack of information regarding toxicity and morbidity, the results of the current study demonstrated that patients with T1-T2N0 HPV-related OPSCC could be treated with RT alone because of the equivalent outcomes of RT and CCRT, and patients with stage I to stage II HPV-related OPSCC other than those with T1-T2N0 disease could be treated with CCRT with cisplatin at a dose of ≥160 mg/m2 .
Miniaturization of ESPAR Antenna Using Low-Cost 3D Printing Process

In this paper, the miniaturized electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna is presented. The size reduction was obtained by embedding its active and passive elements in polylactic acid (PLA) plastic material commonly used in low-cost 3D printing. The influence of 3D printing process imperfections on the ESPAR antenna design is investigated and a simple yet effective method to compensate them has been proposed. An antenna prototype was fabricated and measured, which showed that the experimental and simulated results are in good agreement. Realized antenna is characterized by 5.6 dBi peak gain and reflection coefficient of -17.6 dB. Base radius reduction of 23% and occupied area reduction of 40% were achieved.
Task 2 : ShARe/CLEF eHealth Evaluation Lab 2014

This paper reports on Task 2 of the 2014 ShARe/CLEF eHealth evaluation lab which extended Task 1 of the 2013 ShARe/CLEF eHealth evaluation lab by focusing on template filling of disorder attributes. The task was comprised of two subtasks: attribute normalization (task 2a) and cue identification (task 2b). We instructed participants to develop a system which either kept or updated a default attribute value for each task. Participant systems were evaluated against a blind reference standard of 133 discharge summaries using Accuracy (task 2a) and F-score (task 2b). In total, ten teams participated in task 2a, and three teams in task 2b. For task 2a and 2b, the HITACHI team systems (run 2) had the highest performances, with an overall average average accuracy of 0.868 and F1-score (strict) of 0.676, respectively.
Experiencing language

This essay argues that psycho-cultural anthropologists addressing the relation of language to experience tend to focus on the symbolic property of language. This focus has led to a celebration of words as capturing public cultural meanings, but it has also generated disparagement of language as arbitrary, controlling and remote from a person’s ‘authentic’ thoughts and feelings. A part-modernist, part-Platonic transcendental sentiment lingers that the language-world divide is irretrievably expansive. This essay suggests that the incompleteness of language begs further consideration. Language’s inadequacy on the symbolic level is partly compensated by the additional capacity of language to be indexical, i.e. to bring into consciousness a realm of contextually relevant meanings, including the situated self. The essay promotes a phenomenological view of language in which ordinary enactments of language, i.e. utterances, are themselves modes of experiencing the world. In this perspective, the distinction between experience-near and experience-distant as conceptualized in anthropological scholarship misses the fundamental point that language, once in motion, and experience are conjoined.
Evaluation of Zoysiagrass Genotypes for Shade Tolerance

Establishingturfgrassinshadedenvironments cancreateauniquemaintenance challenge. Shading reduces zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) photosynthesis and results in reduced turfgrass aesthetic quality. Zoysiagrass is a warm-season, perennial turfgrass that forms a dense, uniform turf through the production of rhizomes and stolons. It has demonstrated good tolerance to growth in reduced light intensity environments. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the relative difference in growth response to three light intensities (0%, 50%, and 90% shade) among six zoysiagrass genotypes under artificial shade conditions. Percent change in zoysiagrass plug diameter decreased as shade level increased 6 and 12 weeks after planting (WAP) regardless of year or genotype. 'Diamond' and 'Shadow Turf' exhibited the greatest percent change in plug diameter 12 WAP (60% to 69%) followed by the remaining zoysiagrassgenotypes(21%to56%)whengrownunder50%shade,regardlessofyear.In 2006, no zoysiagrass genotype maintained acceptable turfgrass quality (6 or greater) 12 WAP when grown under 50% shade. However, 'Diamond' and 'Shadow Turf' exhibited acceptable turfgrass quality ratings (7.0 and 6.3) 12 WAP in 2007, whereas all other genotypes exhibited unacceptable turfgrass quality ratings (5.0 to 5.7). In 2006, 'Shadow Turf'zoysiagrassexhibitedthegreatestpercentincreaseinplugdiameter(21%)followed by 'DALZ 0501' (15%) and 'Diamond' (5%) 12 WAP when grown under 90% shade. All other zoysiagrass genotypes exhibited decreases in plug diameter (31% to 87%). In 2007, 'Shadow Turf' and 'Diamond' exhibited the greatest percent change in plug diameter (11%) followed by 'DALZ 0501' (7%) 12 WAP when grown under 90% shade. All other zoysiagrass genotypes exhibited decreases in plug diameter (17% to 38%). Turfgrass quality declined as shade level increased 6 and 12 WAP regardless of year or genotype. 'ShadowTurf'and'Diamond'exhibitedthehighestturfgrassqualityratings(4.7and3.7, respectively, in 2006 and 5.3 in 2007) 12 WAP when grown under 90% shade. Proper zoysiagrass cultivar selection may improve turfgrass growth and quality under low light intensity while increasing turfgrass options for shaded environments.
An Asymmetric Star Design for the Dynamic Control of Quantum-Emitter-Coupled Plasmonic Nanoantenna Emission

Plasmonic single nanoantennas and metasurfaces can both enhance and manipulate emission from potential quantum emitters while their layer-like nano thick structure renders them integrable into quantum and nano-devices. Here we proposed an Asymmetric Star Nanoantenna design, which when coupled to a single quantum dot emitter, offered unique resonant enhancements in both single and array arrangements. This enhancement was most established with the array, where 3 main polarization tunable behavioral states were identified, ones we described as double, single and steady mode patterns. This polarization driven functionality could offer a much-needed means of control over quantum emitters.
Nutrient Status of Soils and Plants in Some Peach Orchards of Punjab

A survey of 43 peach orchards was conducted to determine the nature and extent of nutritional disorders in the soils and plants. The soils were generally alkaline in reaction, non-saline, low in organic matter and loamy sand to sandy loam in texture. With depth the organic matter had a tendency to decrease while other soil characteristics did not vary much. Available P, Zn, S and Cu were below their respective critical leaves in about 41, 36, 16 and 5 per cent of the surface samples, the values for deeper layers being much higher. The leaf analysis revealed the prevalence of the deficiencies of N, K and S in 24, 21 and 24 per cent samples respectively. Besides these deficiencies, the hidden hunger of N, K, S, Ca, Zn, Mn and P in 74, 63, 44, 30,18, 18 and 8 per cent of samples was also observed. There seems to be no agreement between the soil test results and the leaf analysis for diagnosing the nutritional disorders in the peach orchards.
Evaluation of Oxalate Concentration in the U.S. Spinach Germplasm Collection

The entire USDA spinach (Spinacia oleracea) gerrnplasm collection (338 accessions) and 11 commercial cultivars were screened for oxalate concentration. There were significant differences in oxalate concentration among the genotypes evaluated, ranging from 5.3% to 11.6% on a dry weight basis. The low-oxalate genot y pes identified in our experiments are all S. oleracea. None of the two S. tetrandra and four S. turkestanica accessions screened had low levels of oxalate. Two accessions from Syria, P1 445782 (cultivar name Shami) and P1 445784 (cultivar name Baladi), consistentl y had low oxalate concentration. When expressed on a fresh weight basis, oxalate concentration ma y be affected by the moisture content of the plant. Oxalate concentration had little correlation with leaf types (flat or savo y) and leaf wei ght per plant. With the genetic variation and sources of low oxalate concentration found, breeding of spinach for a lo level of oxalate seems feasible.
Coherent Measurements With MIMO Radar Networks of Incoherent FMCW Sensor Nodes

This work introduces a method for coherent multiin multiout (MIMO) processing over a network of frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar sensor nodes with independent signal synthesis. The coherency between the bistatic channels is established algorithmically based on the frequency and phase-offset estimation from pairs of sensor nodes and subsequent least-squares estimation on the overdetermined equation system. For the chirp-sequence radar, the proposed processing allows range and speed measurements, as offsets are estimated and corrected for each individual ramp. The applicability of the method is demonstrated in a prototypical setup of a radar network with three sensor nodes comprising integrated 122-GHz transceivers. The obtained bistatic phase precisions of < 0.1 rad approximately match those of the monostatic measurements of the same radar nodes. For a sequence of 30 ramps of 1-ms duration, this translates to ambiguous range precisions $ < 10~\mu \text{m}$ and speed precision < 1 mm/s. The absence of wired high-frequency links between the nodes makes the approach well suited for short-range radar networks in cost-sensitive applications.
Revisiting Back-Translation for Low-Resource Machine Translation Between Chinese and Vietnamese

Back-translation (BT) has been widely used and become one of standard techniques for data augmentation in Neural Machine Translation (NMT), BT has proven to be beneficial for improving the performance of translation effectively, especially for low-resource scenarios. While most previous works related to BT mainly focus on European languages with high relatedness, few of them study less-related languages in other areas around the world. In this paper, we choose the language pair with less relatedness in Asia: Chinese and Vietnamese, to investigate the impacts of BT on extremely low-resource machine translation between them. We first discuss the similarities and differences between the two languages, then evaluate and compare the effects of different sizes of back-translated data on NMT and Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) models for Chinese-Vietnamese and Vietnamese-Chinese, with both character-based and word-based settings, and conduct further analysis on the translation outputs from several aspects. Some conclusions from previous works are partially confirmed and we also draw some new findings and conclusions, which are beneficial to understand BT further and deeper for translation between less-related low-resource languages.