Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Measurements of the Isotopic Composition of the Ultra-heavy Galactic Cosmic Ray Nuclei 31Ga and 32Ge from the CRIS Experiment on ACE

The Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer (CRIS) instrument on the NASA Advanced Composition Ex- plorer (ACE) satellite was launched in August, 1997 and has collected excellent data over this ~14 year period of time. The large geometrical factor of the instrument, combined with the very long exposure time and ex- tended solar minimum, has enabled us to measure the cosmic ray isotopic abundances of 31Ga, and 32Ge for the first time, and to greatly improve earlier published measurements for 29Cu and 30Zn. We have collected a total of over 700 nuclei heavier than 28Ni with energies in the range of ~150 to 600 MeV/nucleon. In this paper we re- port the isotopic composition measurements and compare the observed isotopic fractions with those found in so- lar system material.
The effectiveness of the internal corporate governance mechanism and the ownership of the government and agencies

This paper examines the impact of the government and its agencies’ ownership on the effectiveness of one the main internal governance mechanisms, namely; board of directors, for a sample of 140 energy and petrochemical Saudi listed firms over 2012-2019. The Saudi Arabia provides an interesting context due to the domination of government-linked corporations’ ownership. This setting arranges for the impact of such ownership on the board of directors’ monitoring and advisory roles. The board of directors’ effectiveness is measured as an interaction term of the board size and meetings of the board of directors. The study finds that government-linked energy and petrochemical corporations’ ownerships are inversely related to the board of directors’ effectiveness. This result is sensitive to the measurement of the board of directors’ effectiveness as each variable consisting of the board of directors’ effectiveness was examined individually. The study also finds that government-linked corporations’ ownership had a strong negative impact on the board size. In contrast, the proposed model does not provide any evidence supporting the relationship of the government-linked corporations’ ownerships with board meetings. Overall, the evidence supports the substitution hypothesis on the relationship of government-linked corporations and board of directors’ effectiveness.
Development of a Platform for Removal of Iron (III) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using CuO Nanoparticles

The present study aimed to synthesize copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs), which were used as an adsorbent for the sequestration of Iron (Fe) (III) ion from aqueous solution. The synthesized NPs were characterized with the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Field Emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM and XRD analyses indicated the average size of CuO NPs were ~25 nm with a rod-like shape. Based on the batch experiments the maximum adsorption observed at pH 9 with removal efficiency 98.38%, initial metal ion concentration of 10 ppm, and contact time 60 min. This study also revealed that adsorption capacity increases when the concentration of adsorbents decreases. To specify the adsorption characteristics of CuO NPs, the adsorption equilibrium data were treated with Langmuir and Freundlich models, which demonstrated that the removal of Fe (III) ions was mostly favored by the physical process followed by the multilayer adsorption on the heterogeneous surface of the adsorbents. Finally, this study concludes that CuO NPs could be used as a promising material for the removal of Fe(III) ion from aqueous Solution.
Polypyrrole prepared in the presence of methyl orange and ethyl orange: nanotubes versus globules in conductivity enhancement

The preparation of highly conducting polymer nanostructures with defined and uniform nanoscale morphologies presents a research challenge. Polypyrrole nanotubes were prepared by the oxidation of pyrrole with iron(III) chloride in the presence of methyl orange. The reactant concentrations and the oxidant-to-pyrrole mole ratio were varied in order to obtain the product with the highest conductivity in good yield. The conductivity increased from 1.55 S cm−1 for the standard globular morphology to 119 S cm−1 for nanotubes prepared under optimized conditions. The replacement of methyl orange with the closely related ethyl orange has led exclusively to the globular morphology of polypyrrole but the conductivity still improved to 27.3 S cm−1. The marked difference in morphology is explained by the ability of methyl orange salt to produce a solid template for the nanotubular growth of polypyrrole under acidic conditions, in contrast to ethyl orange. The latter dye, however, acts similarly to surfactants and it also enhances the conductivity of polypyrrole. The results are discussed in detail on the basis of FTIR and Raman spectra.
Effet du solvant et de la méthode d’extraction sur la teneur en composés phénoliques et les potentialités antioxydantes d’Euphorbia helioscopia

This work proposes to optimize the parameters extraction of phenolic compounds from the aerial part of Euphorbia helioscopia native Sidi Thabet. The following first stage was designed to study to study the effect of solvent polarity and extraction technique on antioxidant capacities of the species. The results showed that the mixed aqueous extracts and have high levels of phenolic compounds, irrespective of the solvent used. Moreover, depending on the solvent studied, it was noted that the decoction showed high levels of the compounds. As against, the acetone and 70% ethanol extracts show strong antioxidant capabilities. The second step was devoted to the study of the effect of three extraction techniques on the antioxidant capacity of E. helioscopia. The results revealed that the sonication is most suitable for the extraction of phenolic compounds and thus showing high levels of polyphenols and very high antioxidant capacities relative to soxhlet and simple maceration extraction.
Management of dental emergencies at tertiary dental care center, Rohtak during COVID-19 pandemic

Aim: To assess the pattern of emergency dental services provided at the tertiary dental care center, Rohtak during COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Retrospective data analysis was done from the Out-Patient Data registers of the Department treating emergency dental services during COVID-19 pandemic i.e. Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pedodontics and Conservative and Endodontics from March 2020 till October 2020. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel. Results: It was retrieved that maximum patients during the study period seek treatment due to pulpal and periapical pain (43.53%), periodontal pain (7.5%), infected root stumps and mobile teeth (7.18%). Major emergency services were provided in form of extractions (29%), RCTs (21%), restorations (10%), and inter-maxillary fixations (4.2%). Conclusion: The study concludes that most patients in dental emergency were provided with adequate treatment in accordance with the COVID-19 guidelines. The actions now should aim towards assessing the barriers faced by people on account of not receiving dental care and for the consequences that may arise in the light of rapid increase of infection or subsequent wave of reinfection.
SOIL ORGANISM DIVERSITY AND FUNCTIONS IN PLASTIC SHED AND OPEN FIELD SOILS UNDER DIFFERENT CULTIVATION METHODS

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of four different cropping management practices in plastic shed soils and open-field soils under organic cultivation or conventional cultivation on soil biodiversity and functions. Soils under plastic sheds and open-field were sampled in Beijing, China, in areas where organic cultivation had been conducted for 5 years and conventional cultivation had also been employed. The results showed that plastic shed production resulted in lower soil bacterial richness and diversity than open-field but higher soil mesofaunal Shannon diversity and Pielou’s species evenness indexes. Plastic shed production decreased soil urease and phosphate activities compared to open-field under conventional cultivation. Organic cultivation resulted in higher soil urease, phosphatase and catalase activities than conventional cultivation except for soil urease activity in open soil. Plastic shed soils exhibited significantly higher soil electric conductivity (EC) and NO3-N contents than open-field soils only under conventional cultivation. By contrast, organic cultivation decreased soil EC and nitrate contents compared to conventional cultivation in plastic shed soils. Organic cultivation resulted in higher soil bacterial OTU, Shannon diversity, Chao1 and ACE indexes than conventional cultivation, but significant differences were observed in the open-field soils.
Higher than recommend dosage of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate for treating angina pectoris: a case report and review of the literature

Nitrates primarily cause arterial and venous vasodilation effects, which increases coronary artery blood supply, and decreases cardiac preload and afterload by enhancing nitric oxide (NO) levels. The dosage of nitrates used for angina pectoris widely differs among individuals, and therapeutic resistance and tolerance gradually occur. Increasing doses of nitrates are needed to abolish ischemia chest pain onset in patients with angina pectoris, and to obtain satisfactory therapeutic effects. Here, we report the case of a 37-year-old male who was hospitalized six times, from September 2013 to April 2018, with recurrent angina pectoris. Although the patient was implanted with stents, he still presented with chest pain associated with physical efforts. Diagnosis with acute myocardial infarction was based on his ST-segment changes on electrocardiogram (ECG), elevated troponin-T level and coronary angiography. After the stents were implanted, his chest pain had no relief. Following three times of coronary angiography revealed that distal and small branch vessels still had stenosis, but was not required to revascularization. Due to serious headache resulted from sublingual or oral nitroglycerin; he had to take sublingual isosorbide dinitrate, from 20 mg to 150 mg each time, to obtain rapid relief from angina pectoris without doctor's consent. Followed up to April 2019, the patient has continued to take 100-150 mg sublingual isosorbide dinitrate for angina pectoris onset triggered by physical efforts, and has obtained remarkable relief within a few minutes, without blood pressure decrease and other side effects. Higher than recommend dosage of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate might establish better efficacy for angina pectoris in rarely patient.
Study of water quality analysis and evaluation of Hengshui Lake

The water quality of Hengshui Lake in different regions and at different times was analyzed. According to the data analysis results of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus (TP), calcium ion content, total hardness, chloride ion content, pH value and conductivity of Hengshui Lake water samples, the water quality of Hengshui Lake was evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that the pollution of Hengshui Lake was mainly organic matter pollution, especially non-biodegradable organic matter pollution. The value of TN was higher than the Class III water, which showed that the self purification capacity of Hengshui Lake water body was weaker. The water quality of Hengshui Lake was better, but the treatment of organic pollution should be paid attention to.
Do Critical Audit Matter Disclosures Impact Investor Behavior

Do Critical Audit Matter Disclosures Impact Investor Behavior? Qian Huang The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) has recently required auditors to disclose critical audit matters (CAMs), which are financial statement matters that involve especially challenging, subjective, or complex auditor judgments. The PCAOB contends that CAMs will increase the decision usefulness of the auditor’s report and indirectly benefit investors by increasing audit and financial reporting quality. I examine whether investors react to CAM disclosures and whether they perceive any change in adopting firms’ financial reporting quality. Using a difference-in-differences design, I find that (1) while there is no significant stock price reaction to CAMs on average, investors react negatively to CAMs disclosed by firms with high levels of short interest; (2) there is a significant increase in the quarterly earnings response coefficient for adopting firms. The effect is driven by big-N audit firms, and increases with the number of CAMs reported. Collectively, the evidence suggests that investors use CAMs to confirm their pre-existing opinions about a firm, and that they perceive an improvement in audit quality and financial reporting reliability due to the CAM disclosure requirement.
“Cleaning the Closet”: Examining Firm Patent Sales Through the Lens of Absorptive Capacity

We examine firm sales of patents, which are a characteristically valuable firm resource. Using the lens of absorptive capacity, and specifically, its components of recognition, assimilation, and commercialization ability, we surface heretofore underappreciated mechanisms that underpin firm patent sales. We first propose that while the firm's recognition ability will enable and encourage firms to seek out and acquire patents, intrinsic resource capacity limitations associated with its patent portfolio will motivate the firm to “clean its closet” and sell some of its existing patents to free resources and allow new patents to enter its portfolio. We further propose that the firm's assimilation and commercialization abilities can help to ease the firm's capacity constraints, and will, thus, temper the positive relationship between the firm's recognition ability (and patent purchases) and patent sales. As one of a small but growing collection of empirical tests on patent sales, we find support for our hypotheses using a large, cross-industry sample of 1728 public firms observed from 1975 to 2010. In so doing, we provide an absorptive capacity-based explanation for the understudied but strategic question of why firms sell their patents.
Effect of Three Diluent Types and Equilibration Times on the Quality and Fertility of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Semen

| The present research was conducted to determine the effects of three types of diluents and three equilibration times on the quality of buffalo semen. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design having two factors, i.e., diluent types (tris egg-yolk, Andromed, and Triladyl) and equilibration times (3, 4, and 5 hours). In first stage of experiment, semen samples (n= 60) from two bulls were analyzed for motility (%), abnormality (%), membrane plasma integrity (%), acrosome intact (%), and recovery rate (%). In second stage, semen fertility was tested on buffalo-cows (n=90) by calculating the pregnancy rate (%). Results showed that there was an interaction between diluent types and equilibration times on motility, membrane plasma integrity, acrosome intact, and recovery rate. The motility, membrane plasma integrity, acrosome intact, and recovery rate of buffalo sperm was higher (p<0.05) with Andromed diluent than with tris egg-yolk and Triladyl diluents. Furthermore, the best equilibration time for buffalo semen was 5 hours rather than 3 and 4 hours. The pregnancy rate (86.67%) was higher in buffaloes inseminated with Andromed diluent semen compared to tris egg-yolk (83.33%) and Triladyl (56.67%) diluents. In conclusion, Andromed diluent with 5 hours equilibration time have better effect on the characteristics of post-thaw semen and increase the pregnancy rate in swamp buffalo.
Volatile compounds in wild strawberry and their odorants of wild strawberry wines: Effects of different stages of fermentation

ABSTRACT Wild strawberries are grown widely in southern Shaanxi (China), but information about their sensory and chemical characteristics is scant. In this work, exploratory research was conducted to correlate the results of instrumental analyses of the aroma compounds in wild strawberry wine and their sensory perception. Headspace solid-phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) was used for the pretreatment, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was to analyze the aroma compounds. A total of 78 volatile compounds were identified, including 25 alcohols, 25 esters, four acids, five ketones, four aldehydes, nine terpenes, five phenols, and one styrene, but only 74 could be quantified. Odor activity values (OAVs) were determined for 21 odor-active compounds. Six were identified as the characteristic aroma substances for the wild strawberries from a principal component analysis (PCA) of the composition, in particular methyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl 3-methylbutyrate, (E)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-ol, and phenylacetaldehyde. Sensory evaluation by a trained panel using descriptive analysis also revealed that sweetness was the main attribute in wild strawberry and its wines, and differences in varietal flavors were also observed. Wild strawberry wine is proved to exhibit a high quality of its fruit flavor, and thus winemaking is a performable practice for wild strawberry.
Social cohesion after armed conflict: A literature review

How does armed conflict affect social cohesion, that is, the social fabric of societies? This question is central if we want to understand better why some countries experience repeated cycles of violence. It is also a crucial question for the design of peacebuilding interventions. In recent years, considerable scientific work has been put into studying the social legacies of armed conflict. This literature review brings these academic studies together in a novel way. In this discussion paper we conduct an extensive review of the empirical academic literature on how armed conflict affects social cohesion. We take a holistic perspective and analyse each of the three constituent elements of social cohesion - trust, cooperation and identity - in detail and along both a vertical (state-society relations) and a horizontal (interpersonal and intergroup relations) dimension. Regarding conflict, the focus lies on intrastate conflict and civil war, but the review also includes the few studies that focus on armed conflict between states or groups (interstate and non-state conflict). Overall, this review brings together insights from 39 published, peer-reviewed, empirical studies, most of which analyse the effects of conflict based on comprehensive survey data or behavioural experiments. Strengths and shortcomings are discussed and future avenues for research are identified. Contrary to the initial optimism of the potentially positive legacies of armed conflict expressed by some scholars, our main finding holds that the literature by now mainly points towards such conflict harming social cohesion. Most clearly, there is quite a large body of literature showing that social trust is negatively affected by experience of violence. Research on political trust and social identities is still nascent but currently also points towards negative effects. The literature on cooperation is more mixed with studies finding both support for an increase or a decrease in cooperative behaviour. However, several (and particularly newer) studies demonstrate that an increase in cooperation can often be explained by prosocial behaviour towards the in-group but not the out-group, calling into question whether this should be interpreted positively for social cohesion overall. Political participation does, however, seem to be one aspect of social cohesion in which effects of the "post-traumatic growth" mechanism can indeed be traced in several contexts.
Analyzing Negativity in Democratic Media Setup: Case Study of PDM

Negativity is a widespread concept in media and literature. The study attempt to analyze negativity in Pakistan's news media from the perspective of PDM (Pakistan Democratic Movement). The study applied standardized operationalization of the concept by Lengauer, Esser, and Berganza (2012). The negativity index includes tonality, pessimistic outlook, conflict centeredness, incapability, and actor related negativity. Content of print and electronic media was analyzed for thirty days. The results of the study revealed that electronic media has more actor related negativity. The reaction of the sitting government had more actor related negativity while news stories about government criticism were more pessimistic in nature. The coverage given by media was not sufficient as it is a country wide protest, on average 10 news stories per day were published/ broadcasted by both news outlets. Overall PDM coverage highlight negative, sensationalized phrases by government and opposition leaders
Characterizing Life-Cycle Dynamics of Annual Days of Work,Wages, and Cross-Covariances

This paper investigates the dispersions in days worked and wages by adapting a novel semi-parametric specification that minimizes assumptions about life-cycle labor income dynamics. Data for Italy shows a substantial increase in income inequality after age 50 for males over the time span from 1985 to 2012, which is remarkably driven by the variations in days worked rather than wages. Results show that this increase is determined by permanent changes in the number of days worked. I also introduce an empirical strategy to decompose the cross-covariances of wages and working days to quantify the permanent and transitory responses of days worked to wage shocks. A one-percent increase in permanent wages increases the permanent days worked by 0.8% at the age of 28, while this increase is about 0.3% at the age of 55. Despite the strong reaction of days of work to wage shocks early in careers, the correlation coefficients are small, indicating that only a small share of variation in permanent days worked – which shapes the permanent income inequality – is explained by the changes in wages.
Inkjet printing of nanocellulose–silver ink onto nanocellulose coated cardboard

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have recently been used in the field of flexible electronics. The present work proposes to evaluate the contribution of CNC in the inkjet printing of silver conductive tracks. The potential of CNC to enhance both ink and substrate properties for printed electronics application was evaluated. First, CNC potential to be used as a scaffold for silver nanoparticles production in a compatible silver inkjet ink was evaluated. It has been found that the CNC dispersing properties, combined to their nanometrical rod-shape, allowed producing conductive suspensions at very low silver content comparing to classical silver ink. Inkjet printing of the CNC–silver suspension was then investigated on several substrates. Among these substrates, CNC coated cardboard has been studied to propose a new alternative for the printing of conductive tracks onto a porous substrate like cardboard. It appears that the CNC coating significantly limits the ink diffusion into the porous substrate by modification of the ink drop absorption kinetics, leading to the printing of well-defined conductive patterns. By using CNC in both ink formulation and substrate pre-treatment, the produced conductive patterns are nearly only composed of cellulosic material, offering new prospects in the development sustainable electronics.