Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gap opening in the zeroth Landau level of graphene

We have measured a strong increase of the low-temperature resistivity rho(xx) and a zero-value plateau in the Hall conductivity sigma(xy) at the charge neutrality point in graphene subjected to high magnetic fields up to 30 T. We explain our results by a simple model involving a field dependent splitting of the lowest Landau level of the order of a few Kelvin, as extracted from activated transport measurements. The model reproduces both the increase in rho(xx) and the anomalous nu = 0 plateau in sigma(xy) in terms of coexisting electrons and holes in the same split zero-energy Landau level.
SUPER MASSIVE BLACK HOLE IN GALACTIC NUCLEI WITH TIDAL DISRUPTION OF STARS

Tidal disruption of stars by super massive central black holes from dense star clusters is modeled by high-accuracy direct N-body simulation. The time evolution of the stellar tidal disruption rate, the effect of tidal disruption on the stellar density profile, and, for the first time, the detailed origin of tidally disrupted stars are carefully examined and compared with classic papers in the field. Up to 128k particles are used in simulation to model the star cluster around a super massive black hole, and we use the particle number and the tidal radius of the black hole as free parameters for a scaling analysis. The transition from full to empty loss-cone is analyzed in our data, and the tidal disruption rate scales with the particle number, N, in the expected way for both cases. For the first time in numerical simulations (under certain conditions) we can support the concept of a critical radius of Frank & Rees, which claims that most stars are tidally accreted on highly eccentric orbits originating from regions far outside the tidal radius. Due to the consumption of stars moving on radial orbits, a velocity anisotropy is found inside the cluster. Finally we estimate the real galactic center based on our simulation results and the scaling analysis.
Constraining the time variation of the coupling constants from cosmic microwave background: effect of ΛQCD

We investigate constraints on the time variation of the fine structure constant between the recombination epoch and the present epoch, Δα/α≡(αrec−αnow)/αnow, from cosmic microwave background (CMB) taking into account simultaneous variation of other physical constants, namely the electron mass me and the proton mass mp. In other words, we consider the variation of Yukawa coupling and the QCD scale ΛQCD in addition to the electromagnetic coupling. We clarify which parameters can be determined from CMB temperature anisotropy in terms of singular value decomposition. Assuming a relation among variations of coupling constants governed by a single scalar field (the dilaton), the 95 % confidence level (C.L.) constraint on Δα/α is found to be −8.28 × 10−3 < Δα/α < 1.81 × 10−3, which is tighter than the one obtained by considering only the change of α and me. We also obtain the constraint on the time variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio μ≡mp/me to be −0.52 < Δμ/μ < 0.17 (95 % C.L.) under the same assumption. Finally, we also implement a forecast for constraints from the PLANCK survey.
It Used to be Our Home! An Empirical Aftermath of Displacements Caused by Urban Regeneration

In Turkey, urban regeneration is being utilized as a tool for actively manipulating cities, especially after the 2000s. Even though studies on both Turkey and the world reveal that one of the most common effects of such practices is the displacement of residents, follow-up studies on the impact of displacement on the lives of dis- placed residents lack in literature. This study pursues the residents of Yazıcık Neighborhood of Gaziantep who were displaced due to an urban regeneration project. The main purposes of the study are to discover the patterns of movement of displaced residents within the city and to ﬁnd out the factors contributing to the choice of new neighborhoods. Quantitative and qualitative data sets were co-evaluated to fulﬁl the goals of the study. A questionnaire was applied to the post-regeneration residents of the Yazıcık area to determine the scale of the displacement. With this strategy, the percentage of residents who remained in Yazıcık after the regen- eration was estimated. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 households who were found to be displaced from the neighborhood after renewal, and the factors that shaped their preference for new neighborhoods were discovered. The outcomes of the study conﬁrmed that the urban regeneration project indeed resulted in displacement. Moreover, various parameters such as the income level of the displaced household, heating infrastructure, and overall quality of housing in the area were found to play a role in the decision of the neighborhood. These results showed that improvement in the quality of life was a shared motive amongst displaced residents for the decision of new neighborhoods. nedensellikler açığa çıkarılmıştır. Sonuçlar kentsel dönüşüm projesinin yerinden edilme süreçlerini do- ğurduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Yerinden edilmiş hanehalklarının yeni yer seçim tercihinde ise ısınma tercihleri, konutların ﬁziksel durumları, gelir düzeyi gibi farklı parametrelerin rol oynadığı an-laşılmıştır. Bu durum yerinden edilme sonrası konut ve mahal- le seçiminde yaşam şartlarının iyileştirilmesi içerisine girildiğini göstermektedir.
Master Thesis Low-Latency End-to-End Speech Recognition with Enhanced Readability

While accuracy is the predominant performance metric in sequence-to-sequence tasks, system latency and output readability are also crucial aspects impacting user experience. This work therefore investigates latency reduction and readability enhancement for automatic speech recognition (ASR). We focus on end-to-end models, which encapsulate the traditionally separate acoustic, pronunciation, and language models into one jointly optimized architecture. More specifically, we use the Transformer, as it very recently became competitive with recurrent neural networks on end-to-end ASR tasks. To facilitate online inference, we remove the encoder’s dependency on future inputs by only allowing unidirectional self-attention connections. We then propose to decode based on input chunks, such that partial predictions are made as inputs stream in. Nonetheless, unselectively outputting all chunk-level predictions hampers accuracy due to limited acoustic context. In response, we propose several strategies to select promising subsets of the chunk-level outputs. Among the proposed methods, the output-if-agree strategy achieves the most efficient accuracy-latency trade-off. We further fine-tune the trained models to operate on partial inputs under a multi-task setup. With the strongest-performing strategy, we can reduce the gap to offline accuracy to less than 1% absolute within a latency of 1 second. For readability enhancement, length constraints are imposed onto the decoding process via learned length embeddings or trigonometric encodings of the number of remaining tokens. To validate model performance, we constructed a spoken language summarization corpus by scraping news recordings and subtitles. Contrary to previous results on machine translation, which achieved sentence compression in this unsupervised fashion, our ASR model obeys the acoustic inputs and abruptly terminates the outputs when the allowable number of tokens is depleted. Nevertheless, by fine-tuning the model on a small amount of audio with summarized transcriptions, we are able to achieve end-toend speech summarization. The models with length constraints outperform the baseline, with up to 9.9% relative reduction in word error rate and 2.9% relative increase in ROUGE score. Qualitative inspections of the shortened outputs also revealed valid paraphrases different from the references, which indicates the models’ capability of abstraction.
Dust properties of Lyman-break galaxies in cosmological simulations

Recent observations have indicated the existence of dust in high-redshift galaxies, however, the dust properties in them are still unknown. Here we present theoretical constraints on dust properties in Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at z=3 by post-processing a cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation with radiative transfer calculations. We calculate the dust extinction in 2800 dark matter halos using the metallicity information of individual gas particles in our simulation. We use only bright galaxies with rest-frame UV magnitude M_1700 < -20 mag, and study the dust size, dust-to-metal mass ratio, and dust composition. From the comparison of calculated color excess between B and V-band (i.e., E(B-V)) and the observations, we constrain the typical dust size, and show that the best-fitting dust grain size is ~ 0.05 micron, which is consistent with the results of theoretical dust models for Type-II supernova. Our simulation with the dust extinction effect can naturally reproduce the observed rest-frame UV luminosity function of LBGs at z=3 without assuming an ad hoc constant extinction value. In addition, in order to reproduce the observed mean E(B-V), we find that the dust-to-metal mass ratio needs to be similar to that of the local galaxies, and that the graphite dust is dominant or at least occupy half of dust mass.
EFFECT OF LOW RATES OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DURUM WHEAT ( Triticum durum Desf.)

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization applied at low rates on grain yield and some physical and chemical parameters for the durum wheat variety Progress. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied given in doses of 0, 40 and 80 kg/ha alone and in various combinations. A stationary trial with fertilization has been carried out since 1966 in the experimental field of Field Crops Institute in town of Chirpan, Bulgaria. The study included 2016 and 2017 crop years. It was found that the fertilizer rate increase did not necessarily lead to an increase in the studied parameters. The highest values were reported as follows: grain yield at N 80 P 80 ; thousand-kernel weight at N 40 ; test weight at N 40 P 40 ; vitreous of grain at N 80 ; protein content at N 80 and gluten at N 80 Р 40 . Correlation analysis showed the strongest and most significant correlations between protein content and gluten (0.906**).
Constraining extra-fermion(s) from the Higgs boson data

First, we study the fit of the Higgs boson rates, based on all the latest collider data, in the effective framework for any Extra-Fermion(s) [EF]. The best-fit results are presented in a generic formalism allowing to apply those for the test of any EF scenario. The variations of the fit with each one of the five fundamental parameters are described, and, the obtained fits can be better than in the Standard Model (SM). We show how the determination of the EF loop-contributions to the Higgs couplings with photons and gluons is relying on the knowledge of the top and bottom Yukawa couplings (affected by EF mixings); for determining the latter coupling, the relevance of the investigation of the Higgs production in association with bottom quarks is emphasized. In the instructive approximation of a single EF, we find that the constraints from the fit already turn out to be quite predictive, in both cases of an EF mixed or not with SM fermions, and especially when combined with the extra-quark (-lepton) mass bounds from direct EF searches at the LHC (LEP) collider. In the case of an unmixed extra-quark, non-trivial fit constraints are pointed out on the Yukawa couplings for masses up to ~200 TeV. In particular, we define the extra-dysfermiophilia, which is predicted at 68.27% C.L. for any single extra-quark (independently of its electric charge). Another result is that, among any components of SM multiplet extensions, the extra-quark with a -7/3 electric charge is the one preferred by the present Higgs fit.
The Effect of Organizational Commitment, and Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance at Pt Virama Works (Persero) Surabaya

Phenomenon that occurs in organizational commitment, job satisfaction and organizational culture at PT. Virama Karya (Persero) Surabaya, seems to still need serious attention in an effort to improve employee performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Organizational Commitment and Organizational Culture on Employee Satisfaction and Performance at PT. Virama Karya (Persero) Surabaya and to determine the effect of job satisfaction on employee performance at PT. Virama Karya (Persero) Surabaya. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach. The type of research used by the researcher is the type of explanatory research. The sample population is 125 employees of PT Virama Karya (Persero) Surabaya. The sample selection technique in this research is total sampling. In this study, data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. Data management in this study uses the Partial Least Squeare (PLS) analysis tool. The results of the analysis can be concluded that Organizational Commitment and Organizational Culture affect Job Satisfaction on PT.Virama Karya (Persero) Surabaya. But Organizational Commitment and Organizational Culture has no effect on Employee Performance in PT.Virama Karya (Persero) Surabaya. While Job Satisfaction has an effect on Employee Performance in PT.Virama Karya (Persero) Surabaya.
volume Parkinson’s patients comparing with controls using imaging-based Volume fraction of the cerebellum in Parkinson’s patients

and the fractions in MR analysis. Abstract Most investigations on Parkinson’s disease (PD) focus on the basal ganglia and brainstem, whereas the cerebellum has often been overlooked. The cerebellum is critical for motor control and increasing evidence suggests that it may be associated with the pathophysiology of PD. The aim of this study was to describe cerebral and cerebellar volumes in patients with PD and to compare results with healthy subjects. In the present study, 18 patients with PD (8 female, 10 male) and 19 controls (9 females, 10 males) were included. Structural magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in both groups with a 1.5 Tesla scanner. The images were analyzed using ImageJ software. Volumes were estimated via planimetry and threshold stereological methods. The mean total cerebral volumes were 943.19 ± 91.67 cm 3 in control group and 909.83 ± 95.88 cm 3 in patients. The mean total cerebellar volumes and the volume fractions were found 140.44 ± 21.68 cm 3 , 14.94 ± 2.17 % in control group and 140.52 ± 15.96 cm 3 , 15.52 ± 1.73% in patients, respectively. There were no significant differences found in terms of cerebral and cerebellar parameters. Our knowledge about cerebellum and PD interaction remains limited, although, the cerebellum is a potential target for some parkinsonian symptoms. Further investigations are needed to understand the role of cerebellum in PD using newly developing imaging techniques.
The cosmic growth of the active black hole population at 1 < z < 2 in zCOSMOS, VVDS and SDSS

We present a census of the active black hole population at 1 < z < 2, by constructing the bivariate distribution function of black hole mass and Eddington ratio, employing a maximum likelihood fitting technique. The study of the active black hole mass function (BHMF) and the Eddington ratio distribution function (ERDF) allows to clearly disentangle the AGN downsizing phenomenon, present in the AGN luminosity function (AGN LF), into its physical processes of black hole mass downsizing and accretion rate evolution. We are utilizing type 1 AGN samples from 3 optical surveys (VVDS, zCOSMOS and SDSS), that cover a wide range of 3 dex in luminosity over our redshift interval of interest. We investigate the cosmic evolution of the AGN population as a function of AGN luminosity, black hole mass and accretion rate. Compared to z = 0 we find a distinct change in the shape of the BHMF and the ERDF, consistent with downsizing in black hole mass. The active fraction or duty cycle of type 1 AGN at z � 1.5 is almost flat as a function of black hole mass, while it shows a strong decrease with increasing mass at z = 0. We are witnessing a phase of intense black hole growth, which is largely driven by the onset of AGN activity in massive SMBHs towards z = 2. We finally compare our results to numerical simulations and semi-empirical models and while we find reasonable agreement over certain parameter ranges, we highlight the need to refine these models in order to match our observations.
CHEMICAL ABUNDANCE ANTICORRELATIONS IN GLOBULAR CLUSTER STARS: THE EFFECT ON CLUSTER INTEGRATED SPECTRA

It is widely accepted that individual Galactic globular clusters harbor two coeval generations of stars, the first one born with the “standard” α-enhanced metal mixture observed in field halo objects and the second one characterized by an anticorrelated CNONa abundance pattern overimposed on the first generation, α-enhanced metal mixture. We have investigated with appropriate stellar population synthesis models how this second generation of stars affects the integrated spectrum of a typical metal-rich Galactic globular cluster, like 47 Tuc, focusing our analysis on the widely used Lick-type indices. We find that the only indices appreciably affected by the abundance anticorrelations are Ca4227, G4300, CN1, CN2, and NaD. The age-sensitive Balmer line, Fe line, and the [MgFe] indices widely used to determine age, Fe, and total metallicity of extragalactic systems are largely insensitive to the second generation population. Enhanced He in second generation stars affects also the Balmer line indices of the integrated spectra, through the change of the turnoff temperature and—with the assumption that the mass-loss history of both stellar generations is the same—the horizontal branch morphology of the underlying isochrones.
Inter-species entanglement of Bose–Bose mixtures trapped in optical lattices

In the present work we discuss inter-species entanglement in Bose–Bose mixtures trapped in optical lattices. This work is motivated by the observation that, in the presence of a second component, the MI lobe shifts differently on the hole- and particle-side with respect to the Mott lobe of the single species system (Guglielmino et al 2010 Phys. Rev. A 82 021601; Capogrosso-Sansone et al 2011 Laser Phys. 21 1443). We use perturbation theory, formulated in a Hilbert space decomposed by means of lattice symmetries, in order to show that the nonuniform shift of the Mott lobe is a manifestation of inter-species entanglement which differs in the lowest excited states to remove and add a particle. Our results indicate that inter-species entanglement in mixtures can provide a new perspective in understanding quantum phase transitions. To validate our approach, we compare our results from perturbation theory with quantum Monte Carlo simulations.
On M-Theory Embedding of Topologically Massive Gravity

We show that topologically massive gravity can be obtained by the consistent Kaluza-Klein reduction from recently constructed seven-dimensional gravity with topological terms. The internal four-manifold should be Einstein with the Pontryagin four-form constantly proportional to the volume form. We also discuss the possible lift of the system to D=11. This enables us to connect the mass parameter \tilde\mu in D=3 to the M5-brane charge. The dimensionless quantity 3/(G\tilde \mu) is discrete and proportional to N, where N is the number of M5-branes.
Shear spectral sum rule in a nonconformal gravity dual

A sum rule which relates a stress-energy tensor correlator to thermodynamic functions is examined within the context of a simple nonconformal gravity dual. Such a sum rule was previously derived using AdS/CFT for conformal N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, but we show that it does not generalize to the nonconformal theory under consideration. We provide a generalized sum rule and numerically verify its validity. A useful by-product of the calculation is the computation of the spectral density in a strongly coupled nonconformal theory. Qualitative features of the spectral densities and implications for lattice measurements of transport coefficients are discussed.
DYNAMICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE ORIGIN OF THE YOUNG B-STARS IN THE GALACTIC CENTER

Regular star formation is thought to be inhibited close to the massive black hole (MBH) in the Galactic center. Nevertheless, tens of young main-sequence B-stars have been observed in an isotropic distribution close to it. These stars are observed to have an apparently continuous distribution from very close to the MBH (<0.01 pc) and up to at least ∼0.5 pc, suggesting a common origin. Various models have been suggested for the formation of the B-stars closest to the MBH (<0.05 pc; the S-stars), typically involving the migration of these stars from their original birthplace to their currently observed position. Here, we explore the orbital phase space distribution of the B-stars throughout the central parsec expected from the various suggested models for the origin of the B-stars. We find that most of these models have difficulties in explaining, by themselves, both the population of the S-stars (<0.05 pc) and the population of the young B-stars further away (up to 0.5 pc). Most models grossly overpredict the number of B-stars up to 0.5 pc, given the observed number of S-stars. Such models include the intermediate-mass black hole assisted cluster inspiral scenario, Kozai-like perturbations by two disks, spiral density waves migration in a gaseous disk, and some of the eccentric disk instability models. We focus on one of the other models, the massive perturbers induced binary disruption, which is consistent with both the S-stars and the extended population of B-stars further away. For this model, we use analytical arguments and N-body simulations to provide further observational predictions. These could be compared with future observations to further support this model, constrain it, or refute it. These predictions include the radial distribution of the young B-stars, their eccentricity distribution, and its dependence on distance from the MBH (higher eccentricities at larger distances from the MBH), as well as less specific expectations regarding their mass function.
The orbital period in the supergiant fast X-ray transient IGR J16465--4507

Timing analysis of the INTEGRAL-IBIS and Swift-BAT light curves of the supergiant fast X-ray transient (SFXT) IGR J16465−4507 has identified a period of 30.32 ± 0.02 d which we interpret as the orbital period of the binary system. In addition 11 outbursts (nine of which are previously unpublished) have been found between MJD 52652 and 54764, all of which occur close to the region of the orbit we regard as periastron. From the reported flux outbursts, we found a dynamical range in the interval ∼30–80. Although in this regard IGR J16465−4507 cannot be considered a classical SFXT for which typical dynamical ranges are >100, still our reported values are significantly greater than that of classical persistent variable supergiant HMXBs (<20), supporting the idea that IGR J16465−4507 is an intermediate SFXT system, much like few other similar cases reported in the literature.