Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Jurassic high‐Mg andesites in the Quxu area, southern Lhasa terrane: Implications for magma evolution related to a slab rollback of the Neo‐Tethyan Ocean

Over the past few years, an increasing number of Early Jurassic magmatic rocks have been found in the southern Lhasa terrane and well studied; however, high‐Mg andesitic rocks are considerably rare, and the Mesozoic palaeotectonic framework of Neo‐Tethyan Ocean remains controversial. The present study focuses on Early Jurassic high‐Mg andesites that outcropped in the Quxu area, southern Lhasa terrane. In the Quxu area, the Early Jurassic (189 Ma) volcanic sequences are mainly composed of andesites and basaltic andesites and are unconformably in contact with Late Triassic diorites (226 Ma). These volcanic rocks are characterized by SiO2 (49–58 wt.%), MgO (6.2–11.1 wt.%) and Mg# (61–69), TiO2 (0.48–0.76 wt.%) and TFeO/MgO ratios (0.80–1.13), with geochemical features similar to those of high‐Mg andesites. Their depleted mantle‐type Nd (εNd(t) = +4.9 to +6.9) and Hf (εHf(t) = +9.6 to +14.9) isotopic compositions, together with their geochemical characteristics, suggest that the Quxu high‐Mg andesites were most likely produced by the interaction between the asthenospheric mantle and lithospheric mantle that metasomatized by slab‐derived fluids. The diorites belong to metaluminous calc‐alkaline series with highly positive εHf(t) values (+13.4 to +15.8) and are interpreted to be produced mainly by partial melting of the juvenile crustal basaltic rocks with minor input from the depleted mantle. We speculate that, in combination with the distribution of the Mesozoic magmatic rocks in the southern Lhasa terrane, the rollback of the subducting Neo‐Tethyan Ocean was the prime reason for the Early Jurassic tectono‐magmatic evolution in the southern Lhasa terrane. This process facilitated a rapid linear upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle beneath the southern Lhasa terrane and ultimately led to the large‐scale magmatic flare‐ups. Furthermore, events associated with slab rollback likely played an important role in crustal growth in the southern Lhasa terrane.
RTM-DCU: Referential Translation Machines for Semantic Similarity

We use referential translation machines (RTMs) for predicting the semantic similarity of text. RTMs are a computational model for identifying the translation acts between any two data sets with respect to interpretants selected in the same domain, which are effective when making monolingual and bilingual similarity judgments. RTMs judge the quality or the semantic similarity of text by using retrieved relevant training data as interpretants for reaching shared semantics. We derive features measuring the closeness of the test sentences to the training data via interpretants, the difficulty of translating them, and the presence of the acts of translation, which may ubiquitously be observed in communication. RTMs provide a language independent approach to all similarity tasks and achieve top performance when predicting monolingual cross-level semantic similarity (Task 3) and good results in semantic relatedness and entailment (Task 1) and multilingual semantic textual similarity (STS) (Task 10). RTMs remove the need to access any task or domain specific information or resource.
Les argiles du Crétacé supérieur dans le bassin de Douala (Cameroun) : problèmes de diagenèse

Die Tonmineralien einer 4 000 m machtigen Sedimentserie bestehend aus Ton und Silt mit sandsteinartigen Ubergangen wurden in einer Tiefbohrung vom Conacien bis zum Palaozan untersucht. Es haben sich von oben nach unten vier allmahliche und gleichzeitige Umwandlungen herausgestellt : — Verschwinden des Kaolinits — Entwicklung des Chlorits — Aufeinanderfolge : Montmorillonit -» Mischmineralien 10-14 A -» Illit — Abbau der detritischen Glimmer und Feldspate. Die lithologischen und geochemischen Daten sind auf der ganzen Hohe der Bohrung bestandig. Es ist ferner kaum wahrscheinlich, dass Wechsel in der Sedimentation solch allmahliche und fortdauernde Umwandlungen in den Tonmineralien hervorgerufen hatten. Dies fuhrt zur Ansicht einer diagenetischen Sedimentveranderung.
Frequency resolved single‐shot MR imaging using stochastic k‐space trajectories

A new single‐shot stochastic imaging technique with a random k‐space path that provides very selective filtering with respect to chemical shift or off‐resonance signals of the investigated tissue is proposed. It is demonstrated that in stochastic imaging only on‐resonance compartments are visible whereas frequency shifted compartments cancel to noise that is distributed over the whole image. This method can be used as a single‐shot chemical shift selective imaging technique and allows to calculate frequency resolved spectra for each spatial position of the image based on a single signal aquisition. The single‐shot stochastic imaging sequence makes high demands on the gradient system and the theoretical k‐space trajectory is distorted by imperfect gradient performance. Therefore an additional k‐space guided imaging technique that uses the true, measured k‐space trajectory to correct artifacts generated by eddy currents and delay times of the rapid switched gradients is presented. In vitro and in vivo measurements demonstrate the successful implementation of single‐shot stochastic imaging on a conventional MR scanner with unshielded gradient systems.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) export from the mitochondrial matrix

Abstract Studies on mitochondria protein import had revealed in detail molecular mechanisms of how peptides and proteins could be selectively targeted and translocated across membrane bound organelles. The opposite process of mitochondrial export, while known to occur in various aspects of cellular physiology and pathology, is less well understood. Two very recent reports have indicated that a large mitochondrial matrix protein complex, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) (or its component subunits), could be exported to the lysosomes and the nucleus, respectively. In the case of the latter, evidence was presented to suggest that the entire complex of 8–10 MDa could translocate in its entirety from the mitochondrial matrix to the nucleus upon mitogenic or stress stimuli. We discuss these findings in perspective to what is currently known about the processes of transport in and out of the mitochondrion.
The variance for partial match retrievals in k-dimensional bucket digital trees

The variance of partial match queries in $k$-dimensional tries was investigated in a couple of papers in the mid-nineties, the resulting analysis being long and complicated. In this paper, we are going to re-derive these results with a much easier approach. Moreover, our approach works for $k$-dimensional PATRICIA tries, $k$-dimensional digital search trees and bucket versions as well.
Examining the Impact of Keyword Ambiguity on Search Advertising Performance: A Topic Model Approach

In this paper, we explore how keyword ambiguity can affect search advertising performance. Consumers arrive at search engines with diverse interests, which are often unobserved and nontrivial to predict. The search interests of different consumers may vary even when they are searching using the same keyword. In our study, we propose an automatic way of examining keyword ambiguity based on probabilistic topic models from machine learning and computational linguistics. We examine the effect of keyword ambiguity on keyword performance using a hierarchical Bayesian approach that allows for topic-specific effects and nonlinear position effects, and jointly models click-through rate (CTR) and ad position (rank). We validate our study using a novel data set from a major search engine that contains information on consumer click activities for 2,625 distinct keywords across multiple product categories from 10,000 impressions. We find that consumer click behavior varies significantly across keywords, and such variation can be partially explained by keyword ambiguity. Specifically, higher keyword ambiguity is associated with higher CTR on top-positioned ads, but also a faster decay in CTR with screen position. Therefore, the overall effect of keyword ambiguity on CTR varies across positions. Our study provides implications for advertisers to improve the prediction of keyword performance by taking into account keyword ambiguity and other semantic characteristics of keywords. It can also help search engines design keyword planning tools to aid advertisers when choosing potential keywords.
Effective velocity distribution in an atom gravimeter: Effect of the convolution with the response of the detection

We present here a detailed study of the influence of the transverse motion of the atoms in a free-fall gravimeter. By implementing Raman selection in the horizontal directions at the beginning of the atoms free fall, we characterize the effective velocity distribution, ie the velocity distribution of the detected atom, as a function of the laser cooling and trapping parameters. In particular, we show that the response of the detection induces a pronounced asymetry of this effective velocity distribution that depends not only on the imbalance between molasses beams but also on the initial position of the displaced atomic sample. This convolution with the detection has a strong influence on the averaging of the bias due to Coriolis acceleration. The present study allows a fairly good understanding of results previously published in {\it Louchet-Chauvet et al., NJP 13, 065025 (2011)}, where the mean phase shift due to Coriolis acceleration was found to have a sign different from expected.
Role and prevalence of antibiosis and the related resistance genes in the environment

It becomes increasingly clear that the basis of antibiotic resistance problemamongbacterialpathogensisnotconfinedtotheborders of clinical microbiology but has broader ecological and evolutionary associations. This Research Topic “Role and prevalence of antibiosis and the related resistance genes in the environment” in Frontiers in Microbiology: Antimicrobials, Resistance, and Chemotherapy presents the examples of occurrence and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the wide range of environments, from the grasslands of the Colombian Andes, to the dairy farms and small animal veterinary hospitals in the United Stated, and to the various environments of Continental Europe and Indochina. Besides, various genetic mechanisms and selection/co-selection factors contributing to the dissemination and maintenance of ARGs are presented. The topic is finalized by the mathematical modeling approach to access the probability of rare horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events in bacterial populations. The opinion article by Martinez (2012) summarizes our present understanding of the cycle of ARGs acquisition by bacterial pathogens. The environmental microbiota harbors a vast diversity of genes, which we usually classify as conferring resistance to antibiotics. In natural ecosystems, however, their role may be different and not necessarily associated with this function. Yet, if the certain metabolic genes are acquired by commensal/pathogenic microbiotaand appeared to be conferring selective advantage under the pressure of antibiotics, their primary functionunderthesenewecologicalcircumstances becomesresistance to antibiotics. Moreover, uponthe amplification under the antibiotic selective pressure, these ARGs are released into the environment thus contributing to the rise of antibiotic resistance in other ecological compartments.
A comparative image auto-annotation

The image annotation is an effective technology for improving the Web image retrieval. Many works have been proposed to increase the image auto-annotation performance. The annotation quality depends on many factors: segmentation, choice of visual features.etc. An image contains several visuals information (color, texture, shape.) but the best choice of these parameters is a difficult problem. The main focus of this paper is two-fold. First, we compare between image annotations in latent space and textual space. Second, we survey influence of visual features choice on image annotation. For that, we developed two image auto-annotation systems (AIA-LSA, AIA-WLSA). For each one, we propose three prototypes based on different visual descriptors; such as: texture, color and fusion of both parameters. Corel data set is used to experiment our prototypes, the results show that the annotation by latent space is more efficient than the annotation by textual space and the best choice of visual features is a persistent problem in general images.
Segmentation of Intensity Inhomogeneous Brain MR Images Using Active Contours

Segmentation of intensity inhomogeneous regions is a well-known problem in image analysis applications. This paper presents a region-based active contour method for image segmentation, which properly works in the context of intensity inhomogeneity problem. The proposed region-based active contour method embeds both region and gradient information unlike traditional methods. It contains mainly two terms, area and length, in which the area term practices a new region-based signed pressure force (SPF) function, which utilizes mean values from a certain neighborhood using the local binary fitted (LBF) energy model. In turn, the length term uses gradient information. The novelty of our method is to locally compute new SPF function, which uses local mean values and is able to detect boundaries of the homogenous regions. Finally, a truncated Gaussian kernel is used to regularize the level set function, which not only regularizes it but also removes the need of computationally expensive reinitialization. The proposed method targets the segmentation problem of intensity inhomogeneous images and reduces the time complexity among locally computed active contour methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method yields better segmentation result as well as less time complexity compared with the state-of-the-art active contour methods.
A new class of monomial bent functions

We study the Boolean functions on F<sub>2En</sub>, n = 6r, of the form x rarr Tr (lambdax<sup>d</sup>) with d = 2<sup>2r</sup> + 2<sup>r</sup> + 1. Our main result is the characterization of those lambda for which they are bent
Automatic segmentation of the spinal cord and the dural sac in lumbar MR images using gradient vector flow field

A Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system aims to facilitate characterization and quantification of abnormalities as well as minimize interpretation errors caused by tedious tasks of image screening and radiologic diagnosis. The system usually consists of segmentation, feature extraction and diagnosis, and segmentation significantly affects the diagnostic performance. In this paper, we propose an automatic segmentation method that extracts the spinal cord and the dural sac from T2-weighted sagittal magnetic resonance (MR) images of lumbar spine without the need of any human intervention. Our method utilizes a gradient vector flow (GVF) field to find the candidate blobs and performs a connected component analysis for the final segmentation. MR Images from fifty two subjects were employed for our experiments and the segmentation results were quantitatively compared against reference segmentation by two medical specialists in terms of a mutual overlap metric. The experimental results showed that, on average, our method achieved a similarity index of 0.7 with a standard deviation of 0.0571 that indicated a substantial agreement. We plan to apply this segmentation method to computer-aided diagnosis of many lumbar-related pathologies.
Non-photographic Image Categorization

The rapid growth of IT industry today has undoubtedly boosted the widespread use of computer images in both web pages and modern computer programs. Applications like online image search, automatic webpage summarization and web mining, rely heavily on image categorization. This project presents a system that categorizes non-photographic images 1 based on their textual and image features. The correlation between image category and each of these features is also examined. Some example categories defined in this project include map, diagram, icon, artwork and cartoon. With the machine learning program “BoosTexter” and a large set of training data obtained from Google, the system is able to correctly categorize images up to an accuracy of around 97.6%. Subject descriptors: I.2. 6 Learning I.4. 10 Image Representation I.5. 2 Design Methodology
High intranuclear mobility and dynamic clustering of the splicing factor U1 snRNP observed by single particle tracking

Uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U snRNPs) are components of the splicing machinery that removes introns from precursor mRNA. Like other splicing factors, U snRNPs are diffusely distributed throughout the nucleus and, in addition, are concentrated in distinct nuclear substructures referred to as speckles. We have examined the intranuclear distribution and mobility of the splicing factor U1 snRNP on a single-molecule level. Isolated U1 snRNPs were fluorescently labeled and incubated with digitonin-permeabilized 3T3 cells in the presence of Xenopus egg extract. By confocal microscopy, U1 snRNPs were found to be imported into nuclei, yielding a speckled intranuclear distribution. Employing a laser video-microscope optimized for high sensitivity and high speed, single U1 snRNPs were visualized and tracked at a spatial precision of 35 nm and a time resolution of 30 ms. The single-particle data revealed that U1 snRNPs occurred in small clusters that colocalized with speckles. In the clusters, U1 snRNPs resided for a mean decay time of 84 ms before leaving the optical slice in the direction of the optical axis, which corresponded to a mean effective diffusion coefficient of 1 μm2/s. An analysis of the trajectories of single U1 snRNPs revealed that at least three kinetic classes of low, medium, and high mobility were present. Moreover, the mean square displacements of these fractions were virtually independent of time, suggesting arrays of binding sites. The results substantiate the view that nuclear speckles are not rigid structures but highly dynamic domains characterized by a rapid turnover of U1 snRNPs and other splicing factors.
Scaling and mechanics of the felid calcaneus: geometric similarity without differential allometric scaling

Six mechanically significant skeletal variables were measured on the calcanei from 60 Felidae specimens (22 species) to determine whether these variables were scaled to body mass, and to assess whether differential scaling exists. The power equation (y = a · xb) was used to analyse the scaling of the six variables to body mass; we compared traditional regression methods (standardised major axis) to phylogenetically independent contrasts. In agreement with previous studies that compared these methodologies, we found no significant differences between methods in the allometric coefficients (b) obtained. Overall, the scaling pattern of the felid calcaneus conformed to the predictions of the geometric similarity hypothesis, but not entirely to those of the elastic similarity hypothesis. We found that the moment arm of the ankle extensors scaled to body mass with an exponent not significantly different from 0.40. This indicated that the tuber calcanei scaled to body mass faster than calcaneus total length. This explained why the effective mechanical advantage of the ankle extensors increased with body mass, despite the fact that limb posture does not change in felid species. Furthermore, this finding was consistent with the hypothesis of the isometric scaling of ground reaction forces. No evidence for differential scaling was found in any of the variables studied. We propose that this reflected the similar locomotor pattern of all felid species. Thus, our results suggested that the differences in allometric coefficients for ‘large’ and ‘small’ mammals were in fact caused by different types of locomotion among the species included in each category.
Jet Instability over Smooth, Corrugated, and Realistic Bathymetry

The stability of a horizontally and vertically sheared surface jet is examined, with a focus on the vertical structure of the resultant eddies. Over a flat bottom, the instability is mixed baroclinic/barotropic, producing strong eddies at depth that are characteristically shifted downstream relative to the surface eddies. Baroclinic instability is suppressed over a large slope for retrograde jets (with a flow antiparallel to topographic wave propagation) and to a lesser extent for prograde jets (with flow parallel to topographic wave propagation), as seen previously. In such cases, barotropic (lateral) instability dominates if the jet is sufficiently narrow. This yields surface eddies whose size is independent of the slope but proportional to the jet width. Deep eddies still form, forced by interfacial motion associated with the surface eddies, but they are weaker than under baroclinic instability and are vertically aligned with the surface eddies. A sinusoidal ridge acts similarly, suppressing baroclinic instability and favoring lateral instability in the upper layer. A ridge with a 1-km wavelength and an amplitude of roughly 10 m is sufficient to suppress baroclinic instability. Surveys of bottom roughness from bathymetry acquired with shipboard multibeam echo sounding reveal that such heights are common beneath the Kuroshio, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and, to a lesser extent, the Gulf Stream. Consistent with this, vorticity and velocity cross sections from a 1/50° HYCOM simulation suggest that Gulf Stream eddies are vertically aligned, as in the linear stability calculations with strong topography. Thus, lateral instability may be more common than previously thought, owing to topography hindering vertical energy transfer.
The OPS Domain Specific Abstraction for Multi-block Structured Grid Computations

Code maintainability, performance portability and future proofing are some of the key challenges in this era of rapid change in High Performance Computing. Domain Specific Languages and Active Libraries address these challenges by focusing on a single application domain and providing a high-level programming approach, and then subsequently using domain knowledge to deliver high performance on various hardware. In this paper, we introduce the OPS high-level abstraction and active library aimed at multi-block structured grid computations, and discuss some of its key design points; we demonstrate how OPS can be embedded in C/C++ and the API made to look like a traditional library, and how through a combination of simple text manipulation and back-end logic we can enable execution on a diverse range of hardware using different parallel programming approaches. Relying on the access-execute description of the OPS abstraction, we introduce a number of automated execution techniques that enable distributed memory parallelization, optimization of communication patterns, checkpointing and cache-blocking. Using performance results from CloverLeaf from the Mantevo suite of benchmarks, we demonstrate the utility of OPS.
Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis in French Polynesia, South Pacific, 2008–2013

Outbreaks of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis infections associated with eggs occurred in French Polynesia during 2008–2013. Molecular analysis of isolates by using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat polymorphisms and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis was performed. This subtyping made defining the epidemic strain, finding the source, and decontaminating affected poultry flocks possible.