Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutrition Situation Analysis in the UAE: A Review Study

This review study aimed to assess the nutrition situation in the UAE using published data from 2010 to 2022. It highlights the gaps and challenges that prevail in addressing the nutrition-related problems in the UAE and the opportunities that have been overlooked. The available literature indicates that the UAE is burdened with more than one form of nutrition-related problems, including being underweight, being overweight, obesity, micronutrient deficiencies, and nutrition-related chronic diseases. It is clear that data on micronutrient deficiencies, protein-energy malnutrition, obesity, diabetes, and other nutrition-related diseases among the UAE population are extremely scarce. The UAE has a high prevalence of obesity and diabetes; however, limited studies have been conducted to document this nutritional phenomenon. Few examples of published data are available assessing the burden of stunting, wasting, and being underweight among children under five years of age. Despite the importance of protein-energy malnutrition, no recent publications analyze its prevalence within the UAE population. Therefore, future studies must be conducted, focusing on malnutrition. Based on the literature, and bearing in mind the magnitude of the health issues due to the UAE population’s nutrition negligence, there is an urgent need to assess the population’s nutrient behaviors, to aid policy decision-makers in developing and implementing effective health policies and strategies.
Integrated aerodynamic optimization for stationary components of squirrel cage fan Considering impeller-Volute interaction

As the flow state in the volute plays an important role in the energy loss of the squirrel cage fan, the optimization design of the fan volute has drawn great attention. To further improve the overall performance of the fan, the aerodynamic match between the volute and the inlet nozzle as well as the local flow pattern within the fan components should be considered in the optimization. In the present work, a high-dimensional optimization method based on the genetic algorithm, support vector regression surrogate model, Latin hypercube sampling method and the mixed adaptive sampling algorithm is developed. Then, the integrated optimization for inlet nozzle and volute of the fan is carried out, in which both the aerodynamic performance and the impeller-volute interaction are considered. The optimization results show that the total efficiency of the fan increases by 2.24% and the static pressure recover coefficient increases by 2.18%. The reversed flow at the impeller outlet is restrained, and the flow uniformity at the impeller inlet is improved. This work is helpful for the design of squirrel cage fans with high aerodynamic performance.
Effects of high-intensity interval exercise on cardiac troponin elevation when comparing with moderate-intensity continuous exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with different recovery modes versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on cardiac troponin (cTn) elevation. Methodology A literature search was conducted in four databases: Scopus, PubMed, EBSCO and Web of Science from January 2010 to June 2022. The articles were screened, evaluated for quality before data were extracted. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021245649). Standardized mean differences (SMD) of peak cTn were analyzed with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using Revman 5.4 software. Results Six studies satisfied the inclusion criteria with a total of 92 and 79 participants for HIIE and MICE, respectively. Overall, there was no significant difference between HIIE and MICE in the elevation of cardiac troponin T (SMD: 0.41 [95% CI [−0.21, 1.03]], p = 0.20, I2 = 77%, p for heterogeneity <0.01). In subgroup analysis, HIIE with passive recovery elicits greater release of cardiac troponin T than MICE (SMD: 0.85 [95% CI [0.44, 1.27]], p < 0.01, I2 = 32%, p for heterogeneity = 0.22). Changes of cardiac troponin T (SMD: 0.41 [95% CI [−0.21, 1.03]], p = 0.20, I2 = 77%, p for heterogeneity < 0.01) after HIIE with active recovery were not significantly different from those of MICE. Conclusions There was no significant difference between HIIE and MICE in the elevation of cardiac troponin T. However, HIIE with passive recovery elicited more cardiac troponin T elevation than MICE, which should be considered when developing exercise programs.
Nanomechanical characterization of rod-like superlattice assembled from tobacco mosaic viruses

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and TMV-derived materials have demonstrated their great potential in biomedical applications, where the mechanical properties are determining factors for their proper functionalities and structural integrity. Recently, it has been found that a superlattice structure can be formed by two-dimensional hexagonal packing TMV self-assembly in Barium ions solution. In parallel to the exploration of possible applications of TMV superlattice, the mechanical properties were characterized by the atomic force microscopy based nanoindentation. The elastic modulus of 2.14 GPa was obtained by application of the extended Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) model with the force vs sample deformation data. The adhesion force was taken into consideration, and an easy-to-implement approach of using the extended JKR model was proposed by processing both the theoretical model and the experimental data. Finite element analysis was conducted to evaluate the reinforcing effect of the like-charge forces between the TMVs and the mechanical properties of the TMV superlattice. Using the Halpin-Tsai model, the transverse elastic modulus of the superlattice sample varied within 2.00–4.38 GPa, depending on the indentation locations. Attraction-repulsion equilibrium was found to maintain the packing of TMVs. This provides useful information to address the sources of the attraction and repulsion forces to control the TMV assembly.
The Mueller Matrix of a Two-Layer Eccentrically Bianisotropic Cylinder Linear Array With Double Helical Conductances of the Surfaces: Clarification of the Magnetic Symmetry Groups - Abstract

Unique effects of the double helical conductances of the surfaces (HCS) on the Mueller matrix (Mm) of a two-layer eccentrically bianisotropic cylinder linear array are investigated in this paper. The mathematical treatment is conducted based on the boundary-value approach combined with the technique of generalized separation variables. Both the TMz- and TEz-polarization of the obliquely incident waves are taken into account in the analysis. To gain insight into some physical mechanisms, numerical examples are presented to show the influences of the variations of the twist angles on the behavior of Mm of a linear array of four bianisotropic cylinders. Correspondingly, various magnetic symmetry groups (such as D∞(C∞), C∞v(C∞), D∞h(D∞), C∞h(C∞)) and some generalized symmetry and anti-symmetry relations, which govern all the elements of Mm or the scattering cross section under special chiral operations, are demonstrated. The present studies can be exploited to identify the constitutive characteristics of some bianisotropic media and to provide better understanding of the electromagnetic wave interaction with bianisotropic cylindrical objects with complex boundaries.
Diamond-like carbon films grown by very high frequency (100 MHz) plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique

Diamond‐like carbon films were grown by VHF‐PECVD technique. Since the self‐bias potential developed in a VHF plasma is very low, sufficiently high negative dc voltage was applied to the substrates in order to make DLC film being grown reasonably hard. Also a comparative study of VHF grown films was made with rf (13.56 MHz) discharge grown films (grown in the same PECVD reactor). This made it possible to investigate the specific effects of excitation fre‐ quency while keeping other parameters constant. Deposition rate (rd) was found to be about 5 times higher for VHF grown films. Marginal variation in optical band gap (Eg) and refractive index (n) were observed in VHF grown films with variation in deposition parameters. Maximum value of hardness recorded was 1500 kg/mm2 in the case of rf and 902 kg/mm2 in the case of VHF grown films, within the range of deposition parameters. Stress values were in the range 1.7×109−2.9×109 Nm−2 for VHF and 3.6×109−4.6×109 Nm−2 for rf grown films.
Clinical outcome of lesion size index‐guided high‐power radiofrequency catheter ablation for pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation: 2‐year follow‐up

The long‐term efficacy of high‐power (50 W) ablation guided by lesion size index (LSI‐guided HP) for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains undetermined. Our study sought to assess the clinical efficacy of LSI‐guided HP ablation for PVI in patients with AF and explore the potential predictors associated with clinical outcomes.
Development and application of naturally derived, cost‐effective CQDs with cancer targeting potential

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) derived from natural sources have obtained potential interest in biomedical imaging and therapy because of their excellent biocompatibility properties, which include water solubility, simple synthesis and low cytotoxicity. Here the cytotoxicity of ethylene‐diamine doped carbon quantum dots (N‐CQDs) delivered to breast cancer MCF‐7 cells was investigated. Folic acid was used to raise folate recognition and increase FA‐NCQD accumulation in the cells, then apoptosis was assayed using nuclear fragmentation, acridine orange labeling, fluorescence imaging, flow cytometry, and caspase 3 expression. The data show that functionalization of these CQDs, derived from a natural source, have potential application in eliminating cancer cells, as shown here for the invasive breast cancer cells, MCF‐7. This nano‐delivery system provides a novel target therapy possibility therapeutic approach for cancer cells.
The Numerical Simulation of AMC Characteristics for Ucpbg on Grounded Dielectric Substrate

This paper aims to gain insights to physical mechanisms of an in-phase reflection of uniplanar compact photonic band-gap (UCPBG) on grounded dielectric substrate (GDS). The reflecting phase is discussed. The relationship between frequency and reference wavelength indicates that the cavity resonance is a most essential physical picture for zero-phase reflection. Moreover, the resonant model of cavity has more extensive applications than that of a lumped LC circuit. The dependence of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) characteristics on the UCPBG parameters including individual period, patch array length, substrate thickness and permittivity are also evaluated. Some design guidelines have been obtained from the UCPBG structures design on the basis of our numerical simulations.
Matching of beams on the MAPPER MATRIX tool: a simulation study

So far, the CMOS technology roadmap has been consistent with Moore’s law, even if manufacturing photolithography tools are now operating beyond their resolution limit. This has been made feasible at the expense of an intensive joint work between designers and process people who have successfully enabled double patterning processes. Tools that can provide photo lithographers with some relief are on their way although not yet in production. Among them, massively parallel mask-less electron beam lithography stands out as a serious candidate since it can achieve the required resolution at the right cost of ownership provided targeted throughput performance is reached. This paper focuses on this latter technique and more precisely, reports on simulation works performed using an emulator of the high volume manufacturing tool being developed by MAPPER Lithography, called MATRIX. In a nutshell, the MATRIX tool will operate using more than 13,000 beams, each one writing a stripe 2μm wide. Each beam itself will be composed of 49 individual sub-beams that can be blanked independently in order to write pixels onto the wafer. The residual placement errors and any current mismatch between the beams will be measured in-situ and corrected through the data path. In order to validate that this concept can actually work, the authors have built an off-line emulator of the data treatment performed down to the information sent to the blanker. It has then been plugged into an electron beam simulator such that the performance on real designs can be tested. In this paper, the methodology used for the corrections is explained as well as the validation process applied. The results of an extensive statistical study are presented showing CD, placement and residual scaling errors simulated on a set of predefined key structures assuming current and misplacement ranges within the MATRIX tool specifications, applying various correction solutions. Based on the collected data, it is shown that CD uniformity on the MATRIX tool is better than +/-10% 3σ taking into account data path, beam variation, stitching and shot noise effects, meeting specifications for circuits designed at 64nm pitch.
Impurity behaviour in PBX L- and H-mode plasmas

Intrinsic impurity behaviour and transport properties in neutral beam heated L- and H-mode PBX tokamak plasmas were studied with a variety of impurity diagnostics. Central impurity accumulation was most often observed in H-mode discharges; sometimes it resulted in a thermal collapse due to high central metallic radiation (∼1.5 W • cm−3). The impurity accumulation was evident from peaked Zeff and radiated power profiles and was further substantiated by specific vacuum ultraviolet and X-ray spectroscopy measurements. It is shown that impurity accumulation was neither unique nor inevitable in H-mode discharges and it could be suppressed by sufficient gas puffing. Central impurity accumulation was also seen in L-mode plasmas even with co-injected neutral beams. This usually occurred at high beam power and relatively low density. While there was no significant difference in the degree of accumulation between L-mode and H-mode discharges, the Zeff profile itself was more peaked in the H-mode because the electron density profiles are flatter in H-mode plasmas than in L-mode plasmas. The degree of accumulation increased as Zeff(0) itself increased, which suggests that neoclassical convection and diffusion driven by both impurity-impurity and impurity-plasma ion collisions contribute to the central plasma particle transport.
Anisotropic complex permittivity measurements of mono-crystalline rutile between 10 and 300 K

The dielectric properties of a single crystal rutile (TiO2) resonator have been measured using whispering gallery modes. Q factors and resonant frequencies were measured from 300 to 10 K. Q factors as high as 104, 105, and 107 were obtained at 300, 80, and 10 K, respectively. Using the whispering gallery mode technique we have determined accurately the loss tangent and dielectric constant of monocrystalline rutile and obtained much more sensitive measurements than previously reported. We show that rutile exhibits anisotropy in both the loss tangent and permittivity over the range from 10 to 300 K.
Particle image velocimetry investigation of a turbulent boundary layer manipulated by spanwise wall oscillations

Particle image velocimetry has been applied to the study of a canonical turbulent boundary layer and to a turbulent boundary layer forced by transversal wall oscillations. This work is part of the research programme at the Politecnico di Torino aerodynamic laboratory with the objective of investigating the response of near-wall turbulence to external perturbations. Results are presented for the optimum oscillation period of 100 viscous time units and for an oscillation amplitude of 320 viscous units. As expected, turbulent velocity fluctuations are considerably reduced by the wall oscillations. Particle image velocimetry has allowed comparisons between the canonical and forced flows in an attempt to find the physical mechanisms by which the wall oscillation influences the near-wall organized motions.
Electrical and topographical characterization of aluminum implanted layers in 4H silicon carbide

Electrical parameters and surface topography of aluminum (Al) implanted layers in 4H silicon carbide (SiC) are analyzed. The implantation is conducted for temperatures from room temperature up to 1000 °C. The impact of the post implantation annealing step on the Al implanted layers is investigated for two different annealing systems, a furnace system and a lamp system. The implanted layers are characterized in detail by atomic force microscopy and resistivity measurements. A model based on resistivity data is developed for the determination of activation and compensation and is discussed in order to get a better insight into the influence of the annealing step on the electrical parameters (e.g., hole mobility). In particular, the effect of elevated implantation temperatures on resistivity is identified. Additionally, the surface topography is examined regarding the annealing gas atmosphere. For that, a silicon carbide coated graphite crucible is used to achieve a silicon overpressure during annealing. The effectiveness of this crucible is identified by modeling. Measurements confirm the modeling results, that such a crucible prevents surface degradation only in the lamp system with heating rates of several 1000 K/min, and not in the furnace with heating rates in the range of some 10 K/min. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stable Probability Weighting: Large-Sample and Finite-Sample Estimation and Inference Methods for Heterogeneous Causal Effects of Multivalued Treatments Under Limited Overlap

In this paper, I try to tame"Basu's elephants"(data with extreme selection on observables). I propose new practical large-sample and finite-sample methods for estimating and inferring heterogeneous causal effects (under unconfoundedness) in the empirically relevant context of limited overlap. I develop a general principle called"Stable Probability Weighting"(SPW) that can be used as an alternative to the widely used Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) technique, which relies on strong overlap. I show that IPW (or its augmented version), when valid, is a special case of the more general SPW (or its doubly robust version), which adjusts for the extremeness of the conditional probabilities of the treatment states. The SPW principle can be implemented using several existing large-sample parametric, semiparametric, and nonparametric procedures for conditional moment models. In addition, I provide new finite-sample results that apply when unconfoundedness is plausible within fine strata. Since IPW estimation relies on the problematic reciprocal of the estimated propensity score, I develop a"Finite-Sample Stable Probability Weighting"(FPW) set-estimator that is unbiased in a sense. I also propose new finite-sample inference methods for testing a general class of weak null hypotheses. The associated computationally convenient methods, which can be used to construct valid confidence sets and to bound the finite-sample confidence distribution, are of independent interest. My large-sample and finite-sample frameworks extend to the setting of multivalued treatments.
Controlling doping and carrier injection in carbon nanotube transistors

Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) fabricated out of as-grown nanotubes are unipolar p-type devices. Two methods for their conversion from p- to n-type devices are presented. The first method involves conventional doping with an electron donor, while the second consists of annealing the contacts in vacuum to remove adsorbed oxygen. A comparison of these methods shows fundamental differences in the mechanism of the transformation. The key finding is that the main effect of oxygen adsorption is not to dope the bulk of the tube, but to modify the barriers at the metal–semiconductor contacts. The oxygen concentration and the level of doping of the nanotube are therefore complementary in controlling the CNTFET characteristics. Finally, a method of controlling individually the contact barriers by local heating is demonstrated.
Global dynamics and perspectives on singularities of holomorphic foliations

In dimensions greater than or equal to 3, the local structure of a singular holomorphic foliation conceals a globally defined foliation on the projective space of dimension one less. In this paper, we will discuss how the global dynamics of the latter foliation exerts influence on several problems that apparently have a purely local nature. In the course of the discussion, a few recent results and open problems in the area will be reviewed as well.
Role of rapidity choice for the impact-parameter dependent Balitsky-Kovchegov equation

Reaching higher energies of electron-ion collisions with facilities like EIC is ex-pected to provide a probe of a kinematic region where the parton densities should start to exhibit signs of saturation. This phenomenon is theoretically implemented by the Balitsky–Kovchegov (BK) equation, which, within the colour dipole model, describes the evolution of the dipole scattering amplitude with respect to rapidity. There are two possible formulations of the BK equation based on which rapidity, projectile or target, is considered. Besides this vari-able, there are four more degrees of freedom, two of which have been so far incorporated into the numerical solutions. We present a comparative solution of the two-dimensional BK equation formulated in both projectile and target rapidity together with their impact on quantities to be observed at EIC such as proton structure functions. The contribution was presented at the Hot Quarks 2022 - Workshop for young scientists on the physics of ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions, Dao House, Colorado, USA, October 11-17 2022.
The Role of Mass Conservation in Pressure-Based Algorithms

Two numerical issues important to proper problem specification for pressure-based algorithms are investigated, including (1) well posedness of the pressure-correction equation, and (2) proper prescription of flow variables at open boundaries, particularly if inflow occurs. Lid-driven cavity flow and flow past a backward-facing step are used to help discuss the issues. It is shown that during each iteration, the explicit enforcement of global mass conservation is important even for the intermediate, nonconvergent flow field in order to maintain good convergence rates. This requirement stems from the fact that the pressure distribution is an outcome of the continuity equation. Furthermore, it seems that the global continuity constraint is often sufficient for the numerical problem for a flow with an open boundary to be well posed, regardless of whether or not inflow occurs at that boundary. Thus, in the pressure-based algorithm with a staggered grid the downstream boundary can, if necessary, pass through a .