Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The nature and consequence of weed spread in cropping systems

Weeds spread through movement of seeds and vegetative reproductive propagules. Pollen movement can spread weedy traits, such as herbicide resistance, between related weed and crop species. Weed seeds can spread short or long distances by natural plant dehiscence mechanisms, wind, water, animals, and man&s activities. This symposium paper is a practical review of short-distance spread of weed seeds in and between nearby arable fields and noncrop lands, examining some of the causes of spread and subsequent effects on crop production. Pollen movement, as it affects the spread of herbicide resistance, also is considered a component of short-distance weed spread. Specific weed management options can be used to reduce man-caused weed seed spread within and between nearby fields, thus reducing potential crop yield losses. Long-term management will be more difficult for weed seed spread by natural dispersal mechanisms.
Schlüpfabundanz von Insekten (Diptera/Coleoptera/Hymenoptera) im zentralalpinen Hochgebirge (Tirol: Ötztal)

At 2 subalpine meadows ( 1 .960 mNN) and at 2 high alpine sedge mats (2.600 mNN) in the Otztal Alps near Obergurgl, the abundance and annual production of insects was investigated during 3 vegetation periods [1 975-1 977] by means of emergence traps (photoeclectors). In the subalpine meadows, 2.400-3 . 700 individuals of pterygote insects were captured per m2 and vegetation period (V-X), in the high alpine sedge mats, the total seasonal (VII-IX) abundance of emerging insects was only half as high (1 .500-1 .800 ind/m2/a). At all sites, Diptera (24-77 %) are most dominant, followed by Hymenoptera ( 1 6-40 %) and Coleoptera (4-17 %) . Sciaridae, Chironomidae, Phor­ idae, Milichiidae, Cecidomyiidae are the prevailing familiae of Diptera in the meadows. At the high alpine sites, the emerging Diptera-Imagines are mainly Sciaridae (50-80 %) and Muscidae (2030 %) . The overall seasonal production of Diptera and Coleoptera amounts to 1 . 500 mg dw/m2 in the meadows, and to 700 mg dw/m2 in the high alpine sedge mats.
THE GENUS OLIGOTA MANNERHEIM IN THE CARIBBEAN REGION (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)

Descriptions are given for 20 known species and 5 new species of the genus Oligota Mannerheim (Col., Staphylinidae) occurring in the Carib- bean region and adjacent land areas. A key for identification is provided. The 5 new species are 0. haitiana, 0. multicarinata, 0. caribae, 0. hum- boldti and 0. barbadorum. Oligota guadeloupae is proposed as a new name for Oligota minutissima Bernhauer. Blackwelder (1952). The subgenus Holobus Solier (1849:335) has been treated by recent authors (Coiffait and Saiz 1967, and Seevers manu- script) as of generic rank but this elevation has not been followed here, and the reasons are given below. Individuals of Oligota may be differ- entiated from individuals of other Aleocharinae of the Caribbean region by possession of the following characters: head (including labrum) less than 1/2 broader than long; antenna 10-segmented, 3 or more terminal articles forming a loose club; mesocoxae widely separated; hind coxa with a lamella over the base of the femur; tarsi 4-segmented, the basal article of the hind tarsus not as long as the 3 following articles together; length less than 1.2 mm. The genus Oligota is of considerable interest because at least some of its members prey on phytophagous mites. The small size of the indi- viduals, together with scattered descriptions of the species in 4 languages (English, German, Latin, Spanish), has made identification of the species of the Caribbean region difficult, especially to economic entomologists who might otherwise be able to provide valuable prey records. The described species of the region are here compared, and a key is given for their identification. Four species, not found in the Caribbean region proper but from neighbouring parts of Central and South America, are included. The sculpture of the abdominal terga is a useful diagnostic character. These terga (tergum II is the first visible tergum) vary from complete ab- sence of sculpture (pubescence only) to the presence of U- or V-shaped set- iferous tubercles varying in size and prominence, and to the presence of distinct longitudinal carinae with their sides parallel or nearly so. These carinae are setiferous and probably of the same origin as the tubercles, but they are continuous with the raised anterior borders of the terga (ex- cept, occasionally, in the case of the carina immediately adjacent to the lateral edge of the tergite), which is not so with the tubercles. The num- ber and horizontal spacing of the carinae on the tergum is usually ir- regular, but their presence or absence appears to be diagnostic at the
Computational investigations of backbone dynamics in intrinsically disordered proteins

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), due to their dynamic nature, play important roles in molecular recognition, signalling, regulation, or binding of nucleic acids. IDPs have been extensively studied computationally in terms of binary disorder/order classification. This approach has proven to be fruitful and enabled researchers to estimate the amount of disorder in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. Other computational methods – molecular dynamics, or other simulation techniques, require a starting structure. However, there are no approaches permitting insight into the behaviour of disordered ensembles from sequence alone. Such a method would facilitate the study of proteins of unknown structures, help to obtain a better classification of the disordered regions, and the design disorder-to-order transitions. In this work, I develop FRAGFOLD-IDP, a method to address this issue. Using a fragment-based structure prediction approach – FRAGFOLD, I generate the ensembles of IDPs and show that the features extracted from them correspond well with the backbone dynamics of NMR ensembles deposited in the PDB. FRAGFOLD-IDP predictions significantly improve over a naive approach and help to get a better insight into the dynamics of the disordered ensembles. The results also show it is not necessary to predict the correct fold of the protein to reliably assign per-residue fluctuations to the sequence in question. This suggests that disorder is a local property and it does not depend on the protein fold. Next, I validate FRAGFOLD-IDP on the disorder classification task and show that the method performs comparably to machine learning-based approaches designed specifically for this task. I also found that FRAGFOLD-IDP produces results on par with DynaMine, a machine learning approach to predict the NMR order parameters and that the results of both methods are not correlated. Thus, I constructed a consensus neural network predictor, which takes the results of FRAGFOLD-IDP, DynaMine and physicochemical features to predict per-residue fluctuations, improving upon both input methods.
The influence of food access on spermatophore production in the pelagic copepod, Temora longicornis

2 Introduction 4 Background and hypothesis 4 The biology of Temora longicornis 6 Materials and methods 9 Sampling and cultures 9 The experiments and incubation 10 Copepod size 12 Spermatophore and egg size 13 Statistical analyses 15 Results 17 Spermatophore production 17 Egg production 20 Spermatophore investment 20 Egg investment 21 Discussion 22 The cost of production 22 Nuptial gift 23 Mating limitations 25 Implications for population dynamics 26 Uncertainties and possible biases 29 Concluding remarks 30 Literature cited 31 Appendix I: The body of Temora longicornis 35 Appendix II: The different copepodite stages of T. longicornis. 36 Appendix III Model Calculations 37
BCL2 Expression Is a Prognostic Marker for the Activated B-Cell-Like Type of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is heterogeneous both clinically and morphologically reflecting a mixture of underlying biologic or genetic differences. Therefore, it is important to identify at diagnosis biological markers which permit determination of subgroups with favorable or unfavorable evolution. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of BCL-2 tumor expression on overall survival (OS) in germinal center B-cell (GCB) and non-GCB subgroup. Patients and Methods. Seventy-four untreated pts (median age: 58 yrs: 36M/34F) with DLBCL de novo diagnosed in a single institution, treated with CHOP-like regimens. Tissue microarrays (TMA) blocks were created from paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed block and stained with antibodies to CD20 (clone L26, Dako), CD10 (clone 56C6; Novocastra; NCL-CD10–270), BCL-6 (clone GI 191E/A8; Cell Mark; CMC 798) and MUM1 (clone MUM1p; Dako, CA; M7259). Results. Tumor expression of BCL-2 (cut off 10%), by TMA, was seen in 47.3% (35/74) and was associated with a worse OS (44.7%) (p=0.038). There was no significant correlation between BCL-2 protein expression and OS (p=0.587) OS (p=0.587), whereas for the group non-GCB was associated with a worse OS (p = 0.017). Conclusion: The immunohistochemical expression of BCL- 2 are able to identify for the GCB and non-GCB subtypes of DLBCL outcome.
Arabidopsis thaliana as a model host for Brevipalpus mite-transmitted viruses

Brevipalpus-transmitted viruses (BTV) are a taxonomically diverse group of plant viruses which severely affect a number of major crops. Members of the group can be sub-classified into cytoplasmic (BTV-C) or nuclear type (BTV-N) according to the accumulation sites of virions in the infected plant cells. Both types of BTV produce only local infections near the point of inoculation by viruliferous mites. Features of BTV-plant interactions such as the failure of systemic spread in their natural hosts are poorly understood. In this study we evaluated Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant commonly used for the study of plant-virus interactions, as an alternative host for BTV. Infection of Arabidopsis with the BTV-N Coffee ringspot virus and Clerodendrum chlorotic spot virus, and the BTV-C Solanum violaefolium ringspot virus, were mediated by viruliferous Brevipalpus mites collected in the wild. Upon infestation, local lesions appeared in 7 to 10 days on leaves of, at least, 80 % of the assayed plants. Presence of viral particles and characteristic cytopathic effects were detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the viral identities confirmed by specific reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and further amplicon sequencing. The high infection rate and reproducibility of symptoms of the three different viruses assayed validate A. thaliana as a feasible alternative experimental host for BTV.
THE GENUS SYNTHLIPSIS (CRUCIFERAE)

Accepted genera of the Cruciferae are often very closely related to one another and it is never quite safe to take for granted the unequivocal reference of a given species to a particular genus. This situation frequently makes the prob lem of generic limits a particularly difficult one and it is often the case that a given species may be recognized without difficulty, while the reasonable placement of it in a genus is a matter of considerable uncertainty. The problem-species, in this respect, are the ones somewhat at the fringe of the genus and which have characteristics that deviate from those possessed by the more centrally located species. While these species are problems to the classificationist, they are at the same time crucially important to the evolutionist who search es for evidences of the pathways by which genera may be interconnected and thus display possible evolutionary lines linking one genus with another. In studying the genus Lesquerella, I have sought to dis cover the connections of this genus with others in the family and one of the most obvious is that shown by L. lasiocarpa with Synthlipsis (cf. Rollins, 1955). In the earlier litera ture, this relationship is pointed up by the fact that Gray (1859) originally described L. lasiocarpa var. Berlandieri as
An experimental test of eutardigrade preparation methods for light microscopy

Given the constantly growing number of described tardigrade species and the scarcity of taxonomically meaningful morphological characters that these microinvertebrates exhibit, in many cases morphometric traits are the primary or even the only means of classic species differentiation, especially between closely related taxa. However, the validity of comparisons is contingent on the assumption that the mounting does not significantly affect the dimensions of morphometric traits, meaning that specimens mounted on different microscope slides may be compared with confidence. Despite the importance of the accuracy of morphometric measurements in tardigrade taxonomy and a long-standing supposition that the pressure exerted by the coverslip on a tardigrade specimen mounted on a microscope slide may deform some of the taxonomically important morphometric traits, the effect of mounting on specimen quality has not yet been addressed conclusively. In this paper we experimentally tested nine mounting methods using a lab-bred clonal strain of Milnesium cf. alpigenum Ehrenberg, 1853. Among all known tardigrades, species of the genus Milnesium Doyere, 1840 exhibit the widest buccal tubes, thus they provide the most sensitive gauge of deformation caused by coverslip pressure. Moreover, using equal-age clonal animals reared under uniform lab conditions allowed us to minimize background noise in the data. Our study showed that among the nine mounting methods tested, thermal inactivation of animals at 60 °C for 30 min followed by briefly pressing the coverslip with an entomological pin produced specimens fixed optimally for morphometry and imaging (i.e. maximally stretched and levelled but not deformed).
SYNTHESIS OF 6-HYDROXYLATED BILE ACIDS AND IDENTIFICATION OF 3α, 6α, 7α, 12α-TETRAHYDROXY-5β-CHOLAN-24-OIC ACID IN HUMAN MECONIUM AND NEONATAL URINE

: Three 6-hydroxylated bile acids, 3 alpha,6 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-, 3 alpha,6 beta,7 alpha,12 alpha- and 3 alpha,6 beta,7 beta,12 alpha-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acids, were synthesized from methyl cholate, and a sensitive method was developed for analyzing them by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the stoichiometric study of fetal bile acids. 3 alpha,6 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-Tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid (6 alpha-hydroxylated cholic acid) was identified from human meconium and healthy neonatal urine by comparison with the mass spectrum of the reference compound. In human meconium, 6 alpha-hydroxylated cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids were determined in 1.2% and 29.0% of the total bile acids, respectively. We discuss the significance of hydroxylation at the C-1 beta and C-6 alpha positions of bile acids and their elimination in fetal and neonatal periods.
Isolation of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Nerine bowdenii W. Watson and their biological activities

Twenty-two isoquinoline alkaloids (1–22) were isolated from fresh bulbs of Nerine bowdenii (Amaryllidaceae) by standard chromatographic methods. The chemical structures were elucidated by MS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, and by comparison with literature data. 6-O-Demethylbelladine (11) and 4′-O-demethylbelladine (12) are reported here for the first time. Compounds isolated in sufficient amounts were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activity using Ellman's method. In the prolyl oligopeptidase assay, Z-Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide was used as substrate. Untested alkaloids were also screened for their cytotoxic activity against p53-mutated Caco-2 and HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. At the same time, healthy small intestine cells FH-74 Int were used to determine overall toxicity against noncancerous cells. The crinine-type alkaloid buphanisine (7) demonstrated interesting cytotoxicity against both tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 8.59 ± 0.15 μM for Caco-2 and 5.32 ± 1.70 μM for HT-29.
Towards scalable zero-shot modulation recognition

With the advent of Dynamic Spectrum Access networks, practical modulation recognition (ModRec) has become an important problem with critical applications to spectrum enforcement and resource allocation. Existing ModRec frameworks hinge on exhaustive classifier training and require labeled observations for all modulations before recognition can be performed. As a result, a general ModRec system based on fully supervised classification quickly becomes intractable due to the emergence of new proprietary waveforms and the need to collect labeled training data for them and retrain the system. This underpins the need to perform modulation classification of previously unobserved modulations. Thus, the question emerges can learned classifiers be transferred to "unobserved" modulations? In this paper, we investigate the utility of zero-shot learning to address the above challenge in the context of ModRec. We design ModRec-0, which employs unseen modulations’ constellation diagrams within a zero-shot framework to transfer learned classifiers from observed modulations. We propose several important properties to enable this transfer, such as the number of constellation points, phase and amplitude levels. Our system is flexible in that additional such properties as well as a variety of classification features can be incorporated. We evaluate our framework on synthetic and real over-the-air traces and investigate the necessary conditions such as SNR levels and observed training classes for successful transfer. We demonstrate that ModRec-0 achieves over 85% average accuracy across multiple modulation classes both in synthetic and real-world traces.
Efficacy of hydrogel on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and yield under different levels of irrigation

For efficient yield of any crop proper crop Irrigation is an important factor. Rainfall and irrigation are the two main sources of water in agriculture Current scenario of climate results in destructing rainfall pattern leading to different water stress. In some part of U.P, especially eastern U.P will face in temperature (3 to 5oc up to 2050) as per SAPCC, due to increase in rate of transpiration that will rise demand. To cope up with coming situation the experiment was conducted at Central Agricultural field, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, U.P on wheat variety (HD-2967). Hydrogel and Chitosan were taken under different concentration to evaluate the Efficacy of Pusa Hydrogel on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Growth and Yield Under Different Levels of Irrigation and Chitosan. Retaining the water in soil and by reducing the loss of water through stomata is the aspect to be considered to deal with such arriving future. Superabsorbent polymer can absorb large quantities of water and retain in soil and Antitranspirant may reduce the loss of water via transpiration. Hydrogel (75%) and Chitosan (100%, 75% and 50%) with twenty-five treatments and three replications along with control were laid out in randomized block design Result on crop growth and yield under water deficit condition was observed Treatment T1 (100% HG and 100% CHT) showed best results, however T2 was statistically at par with T1, whereas comparing with control T0 (100% IR 70 Lit +NO SAP +NO AT.
Energy Utilization, Feedlot Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Beef Steers Fed Protein Encapsulated Tallow or Vegetable Oils

A comparative slaughter feeding trial was conducted with beef steers (initial weight 300 kg) to determine the energy utilization of diets containing protected lipid (polyunsaturated vegetable oils, PO or tallow, PT) encapsulated with a formalin-protein complex. The supplements replaced a portion (15 or 30% for PO and 15 or 25% for PT) of a high energy barley-based feedlot diet. Beef steers (10 per treatment) with initial weights of about 300 kg were fed individually for 115 days. Daily empty body weight gains (kg), ME intakes (Meal) and FTG ratios were: basal, 1.36, 24.4 and 6.7; 15% PO, 1.29, 24.6, 6.7; 30% PO 1.38, 25.0, 6.3; 15% PT, 1.51, 26.2, 5.9; 25% PT, 1.35, 23.2, 5.8. Supplement-fed steers were significantly fatter (basal, 26.5% carcass fat; supplemented steers 30 to 32% carcass fat) and graded 1/3 grade higher than control steers. Significant (P<.05) differences were found in the composition of the weight gain as follows: basal, 46% fat; 15% PO and PT, 54% fat; 30% PO and 25% PT, 61% fat. The efficiency of ME utilization for energy deposition was: basal, 44%; 15% PO, 47%; 15% PT, 48%; 30% PO, 53%; 25% PT, 59%. Linoleic acid contents (percent of total fatty acids) of tailhead fat biopsy samples at days 52, 99 and 115 were: 15% PO, 8.0, 9.0, 9.9; 30% PO, 10.3, 10.4, 12.1; control, 2.0 (all time periods), respectively. The tailhead fat from the PT fed steers averaged 2.6 and 2.7 linoleic acid at the end of the trial. The major changes in fatty acid composition of lipid extracted from muscle and fatty tissues were larger concentrations of linoleic and decreased concentrations of palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic from the 15% PO and 30% PO fed steers.
Extraction conditions of polyphenol oxidase from banana peel

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is an enzyme containing copper, presents in various fruits and vegetables. It is responsible for the browning reactions when the cells are damaged during handling. The best conditions for extraction of polyphenol oxidase from banana peel was by using an extraction buffer containing phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 7), 0.01 M ascorbic acid and 0.5% polyethylene glycol, with extraction ratio 1:4 (w:v) for one minute by using blender. The enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 425 nm. PPO was studied to prevent the browning of banana peel which results in the loss of their marketability. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for polyphenol oxidase extraction from banana peel.
The NV-network : a distributed architecture for high-throughput image retrieval

Recently, the computer vision community has started a trend towards advanced image description schemes, where an image yields many local descriptors, each describing a small area of the image. These new schemes are not satisfactorily served by traditional multi-dimensional indexing methods and call for new and advanced database support techniques. In previous work, we have proposed a new indexing structure, the NV-tree, which repeatedly segments the descriptor collection based on projections to random lines. Although using the NV-tree yields performance which is orders of magnitude faster than previous approaches, it is still unsuitable for high-throughput environments. Therefore, we present the NV-Network which is a distributed architecture built around the NV-tree. The NV-Network mirrors the NV-tree across many worker machines and uses a coordinator machine to manage the system and balance the workers. Our system is designed to be scalable, effective and reliable to hardware failures. The system also has moderate hardware requirements, keeping the hardware cost to a minimum. Experiments show that using the NV-Network results in a very high throughput image retrieval, without any effect on result quality.