Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Allometry, Biomass and Productivity of Quercus Forests in Korea: A Literature-based Review

Publications with the data on allometric equation, biomass and productivity of major oak forests in Korea were reviewed. Different allometric equations of major oak species showed site- or speciesspecific dependences. The biomass of major oak forests varied with age, dominant species, and location. Aboveground tree biomass over the different oak species was expressed as a power equation of the stand age. The proportion of tree component (stem, branch and leaf) to total aboveground biomass differed among oak species, however, biomass ranked stem > branch > leaf in general. The leaf biomass allocation over the different oak species was expressed as a power equation of total aboveground biomass while there were no significant patterns of biomass allocation from stem and branch to the aboveground biomass. Tree root biomass continuously increased with the aboveground biomass for the major oak forests. The relationship between the root to shoot ratio and the aboveground tree biomass was expressed by a logarithmic equation for major oak forests in Korea. Thirteen sets of data were used for estimating the net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) of oak forests. The mean NPP and NEP across different oak forests was 10.2 and 1.9 Mg C . The results in biomass allocation, NPP and NEP generally make Korean oak forests an important carbon sinks.
Factors affecting the breeding success of the mute swan Cygnus olor

Cygnes etudies principalement sur la riviere Thames, de Lechlade a Goring, et sur trois de ses affluents (Windrush, Cherwell et Thame). Le succes reproducteur est mesure en fonction d'un certain nombre de variables: âge, genotype, type de riviere, annee et temperature hivernale moyenne
Levels of depression and life exhaustion in the open population of the middle urbanized Siberian city: gender differences.

AIM The aim of the study was to determine the levels of depression and life exhaustion in men and women of the open urban population in the age range. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-stage epidemiological study was conducted among people of both sexes aged 25-64 in Tyumen. A representative sample was formed from the electoral lists of citizens by the method of "random numbers" - 2000 men and women with a response among men 85.0%, among women - 70.3%. The study of depression was conducted according to the algorithms of the program of the world health organization "MONICA-psychosocial". RESULTS The prevalence of depression in the Tyumen population and in the age and sex groups showed a predominance of the average level over the high, in the age categories 25-34 and 35-44 years - significantly higher prevalence of high levels of depression in women. The higher prevalence of the average level of men and women IN the open population was determined to be relatively high. The average level of LIFE significantly prevails in women in the older age categories and in the population as a whole, the high level of LIFE - at the age of 25-34 years in women and at the age of 55-64 years in men. CONCLUSION Therefore, in the open population of the middle-urbanized Siberian city there is a need to form an integrated approach to the prevention of non-infectious diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, as it is established that prevention programs lead to a reduction in the burden of depression and, and effective approaches to the prevention of psycho-emotional States at the level of individual communities include school-oriented programs to teach positive thinking among the population, starting from a young age.
EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS A ON ACTIVITIES OF DIGESTIVE ENZYME FOR TILAPIA

In order to understand the effect of probiotics on activities of digestive enzyme,Tilapia was selected as the experimental animal.The Tilapias were fed with basal diet supplemented probiotics A,which contains Bacillus Subtilis and Photosynthetic bacteria.The activities of amylase,lipase and protease in the stomach,intestine and hepatopancreas of Tilapias were determined.The results were as follows. (1) Feed coefficient ratio of experimental group decreased 16.91% and weight gain rate increased 7.98%. (2) Activities of amylase in stomach,intestinal and hepatopancreas in experimental group were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P0.05 or P0.01). (3) Activities of lipase in stomach,intestinal and hepatopancreas in experimental group were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P0.05 or P0.01). (4) Activities of intestinal trypsin in experimental group were significantly increased (P0.05).
Factors affecting recruitment of Beilschmiedia tawa in northern New Zealand

In northern New Zealand, Beilschmiedia tawa has shown recruitment failure in some sites. The Beilschmiedia genus has been shown to contain allelopathic compounds in its leaves and bark. In addition, the distribution of the main seed disperser for tawa, the kererū (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae), has declined in recent years. In this study I assessed whether B. tawa leaf leachate can affect recruitment of B. tawa, particularly in disturbed sites. I also tested whether simulated endozoochory (removal of mesocarp) had an effect on germination. Results show that under laboratory conditions, leachate can have either a negative or a positive effect, depending on the concentration. At high concentrations (1:1), higher than normally experienced in the field, radicles were shorter than in the less concentrated treatment. At lower concentrations (1:50) there was a 50% higher germination index compared with the control and high concentration (1:1) treatments. Using soils from sites with different levels of anthropogenic disturbance did not have an effect on germination or hypocotyl length. Removal of the mesocarp positively affected germination (1.5-fold). Based on the results of this study, inhibition of germination and growth of B. tawa is unlikely to be caused by phytotoxicity of their own leachate under field conditions.
Effects of Home Value, Home Age, and Lot Size on Lawn-watering Perceptions and Behaviors of Residential Homeowners

S UMMARY . Urbanization is increasing the land area covered with turfgrasses, which may affect water quantity and quality. Our objective was to understand lawn-watering habits of homeowners in Olathe and Wichita, KS, based on home value, home age, and lot size. Surveys were mailed to 9992 homeowners in Olathe and 15,534 in Wichita, with a return rate of 12%. Owners of more expensive and/or newer homes were more likely to water frequently, water on a routine schedule, feel it was important to have a green lawn, have an in-ground sprinkler system, and sweep or blow grass clippings and lawn care products off impervious surfaces. Owners of less expensive and/or older homes were more likely to never water or water infrequently, water based on the lawn’s appearance rather than on a routine schedule, consider it less important to have a green lawn; not have an in-ground sprinkler system, and leave grass clippings and lawn care products on impervious surfaces rather than blowing them off. A small percentage of homeowners who swept or blew clippings and/or lawn-care products did so into streets/storm drains. Owners of less expensive and/or older homes were somewhat more likely to engage in this practice. Educational efforts to improve lawn water conservation should be concentrated on homeowners in more expensive and/or newer homes because they water more frequently and routinely. Efforts to protect surface water quality should include homeowners of less expensive and/or older homes.
Observational Research on Flower Bud Differentiation and Flower Phenophase of Pear Variety 'DANGSHANSULI'

In order to determine the flower bud differentiation period and learn about the flowering process of the pear variety 'Dangshansuli'(Pyrus bretshneideri Rehd.),shortshoot terminal buds of the pear variety were selected as the test materials and the flower bud physiological differentiation stages were identified and recorded by the means of field intermittent leaf removal,and the longitudinal section pictures of different flower bud morphological differentiation stages were taken and recorded by hand-made slices and Olympus BX51 microphotography.The results showed that its flower bud physiological differentiation started in early June and lasted until mid-to-late July,that its flower bud morphological differentiation started in late July and the stamen appeared in mid-September while the pistil appeared in mid-to-late October.In the following year,the flower bud began expanding in late March,experienced consecutive stages of inflorescence elongation,inflorescence separation,white bud,big bud,initial bloom,full bloom,late bloom and petal fall and the flower phenophase ended in mid-April.The results of the experiment provided some theoretical basis for taking suitable measures to promote flower bud differentiation of the pear variety'Dangshansuli' and improve its fruit output and quality during its florescence.
Insulin-degrading enzyme and Alzheimer disease: A genetic association study in the Han Chinese

Background: The gene for insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) represents a strong positional and biologic candidate for late onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) susceptibility. IDE is located on chromosome 10q23.3 close to a region of linkage for LOAD. In addition, many studies have identi fied a possible role of IDE in the degradation of amyloid β protein and the intracellular amyloid precursor protein (APP) domain released by γ secretase processing. Objective: To examine the association of IDE with AD in the Han Chinese. Methods: Four IDE polymorphisms (three in 5 untranslated region and one in intron 21) were analyzed, using a population of 210 patients with LOAD and 200 control subjects well matched for age, sex, and ethnic background. Results: Among the four polymorphisms studied, only the C allele of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) IDE2 showed association with AD (p = 0.005) . Stratification of the data by APOE 4 status indicated that the association between IDE2 and AD was confined to APOE 4 carriers only. No association was found between all variants studied and AD within APOE 4 negative subjects. The global haplotype frequencies showed significant differences between AD patients and control subjects. Furthermore, over representation of GCTG haplotype in the AD group was found. It may be a risk haplotype for AD. Conclusions: These results suggest a possible synergic interaction between IDE and APOE 4 in the risk to develop late onset sporadic AD. IDE might modify the effect of the APOE 4 risk factor in the Han Chinese population.
Antibacterial Activity of Acetone and Ethanol Extracts of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum ) and Ajowan ( Trachyspermum ammi ) on four Food Spoilage Bacteria

The in vitro antibacterial activities of two spices cinnamon bark (Cinnamonum zeylanicum) and Ajowan fruits (Trachyspermum ammi) ethanol and acetone extracts has been evaluated against two gram negative food spoilage bacteria Pseudomonas sp. , Escherichia coli and two gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by disc diffusion method. Ethanol extract of cinnamon and ajowan revealed an antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas sp. , whereas acetone extract of spices exhibited highest activity against Escherichia coli. Acetone extract of cinnamon and ajowan showed no activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The results obtained in the present study suggest that the ethanol extract of cinnamonum zeylanicum and trachyspermum ammi revealed a significant scope to develop a novel broad spectrum of antibacterial herbal formulation and can be used for cooked food preservation.
Effect of Morin against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Young Male Rats

Background: Morin, a bioflavonoid with antioxidant properties, is a constituent of many herbs and fruits that are used as herbal medicines. It exhibits many biological activities and possibly even has protective effects against chronic diseases. The present study was conducted to determine the protective effect of morin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in young male rats. Material and Methods: Young male rats (n=24) were divided into four groups as follow; (1): control group, (2): gentamicin (GM) group; rats injected intraperitioneally (i.p.) with GM at a dose of 100 mg /kg body weight (b.w.) for five consecutive days to induced nephrotoxicity, (3): morin group; rats administered morin daily at a dose of 30 mg/ kg b. w. via gavage, and (4) GM group pretreated with morin; rats were orally received morin at the same dose and route in group (3) up to two weeks followed by injected i.p. with GM as in group (2). Separated serum samples were used for determination of protein metabolism parameters, kidney functions, malondialdehyde (MDA), and ionic sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). Results: GM injection induced marked nephrotoxicity as evidenced by significant elevation in serum levels of albumin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, MDA and K+, with significant reduction in serum levels of total protein, Na+ and albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). Pretreatment with morin protected the rats from GM- induced nephrotoxicity as evidenced by significant improvement of these investigated parameters. Histological examination of renal tissues showed marked glomerular thickening, vacuolations of the wall of blood vessels associated with necrobiotic changes in GM injected group, meanwhile there were amelioration in rats group received morin pre-GM injection. Conclusion: Morin exert potential antioxidant activity and offer nephroprotective effect against GM- induced nephrotoxicity in young rats.
Polarity proteins Mrcdc24 and Mrbem1 required for hypha growth and microsclerotia formation in Metarhizium rileyi

ABSTRACT Polarity proteins cdc24 and bem1 regulate polar growth, cytoskeleton morphogenesis, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in filamentous fungi. In this study, the Mrcdc24 and Mrbem1 genes were cloned from Metarhizium rileyi and found to encode 1006 and 562 amino acid proteins, respectively. To determine the functions of Mrcdc24 and Mrbem1, gene-silencing mutants Mrcdc24RNAi, Mrbem1RNAi, and Mrcdc24&Nrbem1RNAi were generated by RNA silencing. The mutants presented significant phenotype changes in hyphal growth, and conidial yields, microsclerotia yields and virulence were reduced. Furthermore, the transcription levels of the MrnoxA and MrnoxR, which regulate ROS generation in the Mrcdc24RNAi and Mrbem1RNAi strains, were reduced. The transcriptional levels of MrracA and Mrcdc42 were significantly reduced in the Mrcdc24RNAi strains. Our results confirmed the crucial role of genes Mrcdc24 and Mrbem1 in hyphal growth, conidiation, microsclerotia formation, ROS generation and virulence.
Dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB)-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in the dorsal skin of hairless dogs.

Two hairless dogs and 2 Beagles were sensitized by intradermal inoculation of 2, 4-dinitroch-lorobenzene (DNCB). Three weeks later, they were challenged topically by applying a patch containing 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0% DNCB. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction occurred in both hairless dogs and Beagles. Twenty-four later, erythema developed macroscopically, and epidermal thickening and degeneration and intradermal infiltration of inflammatory cells and vasodilatation were observed microscopically. The total intensity of these changes was dose-dependent and generally weaker in hairless dogs than in Beagles. The present data suggest an existence of slightly depressed cellular immunity in hairless dogs. In addition, such an interesting finding as pigmentation due to deposition of melanin granules was observed in the sites treated with 0.01-0.1% DNCB in hairless dogs.
Augmentation of the Egg Parasitoid Anaphes iole (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) for Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera:Miridae) Management in Strawberries

The impact of repeated releases of Anaphes iole (Girault) on the development of Lygus hesperus Knight populations and fruit damage in commercial strawberry fields was evaluated. Following the release of 37,000 parasitoids per hectare, 50% of L. hesperus eggs were parasitized. Parasitism levels declined rapidly; after 96 h, parasitism levels had declined to an average of only 3.5% in these plots. A release rate of 12,. 300 parasitoids per hectare produced parasitism levels of 6.3 and 7.0% 48 and 96 h after release, respectively. The high release rate of the parasitoids resulted in a 43% reduction in the number of L. hesperus nymphs and a 22% reduction in the amount of fruit damage. The low release rate responded in a comparable fashion, with nymph and damage levels 19 and 14% lower than control plots, respectively. The effect of the parasitoid releases on L. hesperus populations increased through time. On average, there was a proportionally greater reduction in nymph densities in the higher release rate plots during the latter half of the season. In all the plots, there was a significant relationship between the number of L. hesperus nymphs found in the plot and the amount of fruit damage. The significance of these results to management of L. hesperus in strawberries is discussed.
Varietal difference in the effects of low temperature on tassel development in hybrid maize

Abstract In 2003, severe barrenness due to low temperatures in hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar occurred in the Konsen region, one of the coldest areas in Japan. Varietal difference in grain set, and abnormal flowering habits and tassel growth were observed in the field in 2003. For the cultivar 39B29, which was affected severely, anthesis occurred several days after silking, and tassel size was reduced. For the cultivar Papirika, which was not affected by low temperature, anthesis began 0–1 d before silking, and tassel size was similar to that in previous years. In a 2011–2013 experiment, three varieties, Papirika, 39B29, and Kwiss were treated at 10 °C for 7 d at 6- to 9-leaf stage. Following the treatment, anthesis was delayed, and tassel length was reduced, in 39B29 and Kwiss, but not in Papirika. The relative tassel length (RTL, ratio of tassel length of experimental plants to that of untreated control plants) was around 60 in 39B29, 80 in Papirika, and 30 in Kwiss on average over 3 years. Based on field observations in 2003 and the pot experiment in 2011–2013, a cultivar whose RTL was 60 or less was deemed sensitive, and a cultivar whose RTL was 80 or more was deemed less sensitive to low-temperature stress during the tassel development stage.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Coconut Protein and Antioxidant Activity of the Hydrolysates

Coconut was crushed and defatted,giving coconut powder.Coconut protein was obtained by alkaline extraction and acid precipitation from coconut powder.Then coconut protein was hydrolyzed by four proteases(Alcalase,Neutrase,bromelin,Papain),among which Alcalase showed to be the optimal in terms of degree of hydrolysis and DPPH.scavenging rate of hydrolysates.By single factor and multi-index orthogonal design,hydrolysis conditions were optimized using degree of hydrolysis and DPPH.scavenging rate as the evaluating indexes.Hydrolysis temperature and substrate concentration showed the highest influence on DPPH.scavenging activity.The optimal conditions were substrate concentration 2%(m/V),enzyme concentration 14000 U/g,pH 10.5,temperature 50 ℃ and hydrolyzing time 7 h.Under these conditions,the protein content of hydrolysates,the scavenging rate on DPPH.and the degree of hydrolysis were 15.8 mg/mL,89.07% and 29.16%,respectively.The antioxidant activity of coconut hydrolysates closed to that of the same concentration of glutathione,being 3.33 times higher than that of the same concentration of Vitamin C.
Activity Patterns of Evolving Mole Rats

Activity patterns were tested in four actively speciating chromosomal forms of blind subterranean mole rats of the Spalax ehrenbergi complex (2n = 52, 54, 58, and 60) which inhabit humid (2n = 52 and 58) and xeric (2n = 54 and 60), as well as cool (2n = 52 and 54) and warm (2n = 58 and 60) environments, respectively. Experimental animals included 98 adult male mole rats representing 9 populations covering the entire species range in Israel. The test apparatus simulated a natural underground territorial runway of a solitary occupant and each test lasted 24 h. The results indicated that (a) the pattern of activity was multiphasic, but activity in all nine populations is remarkably higher during the day than during the night and (b) differences occur among chromosome forms in both levels and patterns of activity. First, the “humid chromosome forms” are more active than the “xeric chromosome forms” and, second, it appears that the activity of the “cool chromosome forms” display a pattern of smaller number of periods as compared with the “warm chromosome forms. ” Both results appear to be climatically adaptive and support an optimal activity pattern theory assuming that natural selection maximizes fitness by optimizing net energy gain per unit activity.
Drug utilization pattern in a neonatal intensive care unit at tertiary care hospital attached to a medical college in Southern Karnataka, India

Background: Neonates and in particular preterm neonates belongs to the most vulnerable population. A neonatal intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a highly specialized unit that provides high quality skilled care to critically ill new newborn, premature or low birth weight babies. Apart from facilities for continuous clinical and biochemical monitoring, NICU management involves the use of wide range of medications. Irrational prescription of drug is common in clinical practice, important reason being lack of knowledge about drug prescription. Developing countries have limited funds available for health care and drugs so it becomes very important to prescribe drugs rationally. The present study was done to find out the drug utilization pattern and improve the rational use which aids in the improvement of neonatal care. Methods: The study was retrospective study in NICU of tertiary care hospital attached to MIMS, Mandya for a duration of 6 months. Data extraction sheet were used to collect the information regarding demographic details, maternal and delivery details, indication for admission, final diagnosis and medications administered. Data collected were evaluated for the category of prescribed, based on World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Committee (WHO classification system and were analyzed using SPSS. WHO drug utilization core indicators were also evaluated.Results: Among 400 neonates admitted in NICU during the study period, 53.7% were males and 46.2% were females. There were 29.7% preterm born neonates. The maximum number of neonates were admitted in early neonatal period (87.25%). Neonatal sepsis (37.9%) and Birth asphyxia (11.6%) were the most common indications for admission. The total number of drugs prescribed was 1428 and the average number of drugs per neonate was 3.57. Preterm (<37weeks) and low birth weight (<2.5Kg) were exposed to significantly higher number of drugs. The most frequently prescribed therapeutic class of drugs was anti-infectives (60.36%), followed by drugs of central nervous system (7. 84%). Among the anti-infectives, the most commonly prescribed drugs were Ampicillin (59%), followed by gentamycin (42.5%). High end antibiotics like carbapenems, colistin’s and linezolid were used in less than 5% of cases.Conclusions: Drug use in neonates should be minimal and focus on the importance of therapeutic treatment guidelines establishment in hospital to control the over usage of antibiotics.