Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis and Clinical Characteristics of Hereditary Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Syndrome in Korean Population

Background Pheochromocytoma and paragangliomas (PPGL) are hereditary in approximately 30% to 40% cases. With the advancement of genetic analysis techniques, including next-generation sequencing (NGS), there were attempts to classify PPGL into molecular clusters. With NGS being applied to clinical settings recently, we aimed to review the results of genetic analysis, including NGS, and investigate the association with clinical characteristics in Korean PPGL patients. Methods We reviewed the medical records of PPGL patients who visited Severance hospital from 2006 to 2019. We documented the clinical phenotype of those who underwent targeted NGS or had known germline mutations of related genes. Results Among 57 PPGL patients, we found 28 pathogenic germline mutations of susceptibility genes. Before the targeted NGS was implemented, only obvious syndromic feature lead to the Sanger sequencing for the specific genes. Therefore, for the exact prevalence, only patients after the year 2017, when targeted NGS was added, were included (n=43). The positive germline mutations were found in 14 patients; thus, the incidence rate is 32.6%. Patients with germline mutations had a higher likelihood of family history. There were significant differences in the type of PPGLs, percentage of family history, metastasis rate, presence of other tumors, and biochemical profile among three molecular clusters: pseudohypoxic tricarboxylic acid cycle-related, pseudohypoxic von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)/endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1-related, and kinase-signaling group. Germline mutations were identified in seven PPGL-related genes (SDHB, RET, VHL, NF1, MAX, SDHA, and SDHD). Conclusion We report the expected prevalence of germline mutations in Korean PPGL patients. NGS is a useful and accessible tool for genetic analysis in patients with PPGLs, and further research on molecular classification is needed for precise management.
Instructors ’ Use and Acceptance of Technology in EAP Courses

Despite the fact that a large number of studies have been carried out on teachers’ attitudes towards CALL and technology use in language learning contexts, very limited attention has been directed towards EAP instructors’ perspectives on technology integration/use. This mixed-methods study was undertaken to investigate the affordances and limitations of technology use in EAP courses from EAP instructors’ perspectives. Participants of the study were 87 EAP instructors who taught EAP at Iranian universities. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to explore the perspectives of the participants. The findings revealed that the EAP instructors were positive about the use of technology in EAP courses, while they demanded for the development and access to more needs-based and major-specific software tools and applications for EAP students of different majors. It was also depicted that CALL needs analysis projects should be conducted before employing any type of technology in EAP courses. The EAP instructors pointed out several limitations and measures that should be taken into account by EAP and university decision-makers and course designers. The study offers practical and theoretical implications and applications for the integration and use of technology in EAP instruction.
The Impact of Regional Return on Education on the Self-selection of Mexican Immigrants

4 Acknowledgements: . 5 Introduction . 6 Literature Review and Existing Evidence: . 9 Data:. 14 Methodology: . 15 Results: . 22 Conclusion: . 26 Works Cited: . 29
Comprehensive review of surgical microscopes: technology development and medical applications

Abstract. Significance: Surgical microscopes provide adjustable magnification, bright illumination, and clear visualization of the surgical field and have been increasingly used in operating rooms. State-of-the-art surgical microscopes are integrated with various imaging modalities, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescence imaging, and augmented reality (AR) for image-guided surgery. Aim: This comprehensive review is based on the literature of over 500 papers that cover the technology development and applications of surgical microscopy over the past century. The aim of this review is threefold: (i) providing a comprehensive technical overview of surgical microscopes, (ii) providing critical references for microscope selection and system development, and (iii) providing an overview of various medical applications. Approach: More than 500 references were collected and reviewed. A timeline of important milestones during the evolution of surgical microscope is provided in this study. An in-depth technical overview of the optical system, mechanical system, illumination, visualization, and integration with advanced imaging modalities is provided. Various medical applications of surgical microscopes in neurosurgery and spine surgery, ophthalmic surgery, ear-nose-throat (ENT) surgery, endodontics, and plastic and reconstructive surgery are described. Results: Surgical microscopy has been significantly advanced in the technical aspects of high-end optics, bright and shadow-free illumination, stable and flexible mechanical design, and versatile visualization. New imaging modalities, such as hyperspectral imaging, OCT, fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic microscopy, and laser speckle contrast imaging, are being integrated with surgical microscopes. Advanced visualization and AR are being added to surgical microscopes as new features that are changing clinical practices in the operating room. Conclusions: The combination of new imaging technologies and surgical microscopy will enable surgeons to perform challenging procedures and improve surgical outcomes. With advanced visualization and improved ergonomics, the surgical microscope has become a powerful tool in neurosurgery, spinal, ENT, ophthalmic, plastic and reconstructive surgeries.
An Analysis of Local and Target Culture Integration in the English Textbooks for Senior High School in Palembang

Abstract This study aimed to find out the percentage of local culture integration and target culture integration in the English textbooks for senior high school in Palembang. This research design was a content analysis with 4058 paragraphs and 2587 pictures as the study data. The procedure of analyzing the data started by classifying the data into local or target culture division, then it was analyzed based on Byram’s cultural content checklist (1993) while the pictures were simply classified into local culture or target culture. The result of the analysis was made in the form of percentage. The results show that for analysis of the paragraph, from nine books series with different publisher analyzed in this study, five of the books have higher percentage of Local Culture which presented through reading passage, Mean while, under pictures analysis, six of them promote more salient in Target Culture. Key Words: analysis, local culture integration, target culture integration, English text books.
Simulated carbon sink response of shortgrass steppe, tallgrass prairie and forest ecosystems to rising [CO2], temperature and nitrogen input

The response of plant ecosystems to environmental change will determine whether the terrestrial biosphere will remain a substantial carbon sink or become a source during the next century. We use two ecosystem models, the Generic Decomposition And Yield model (G'DAY) and the daily time step version of the Century model (DAYCENT), to simulate net ecosystem productivity (NEP) for three contrasting ecosystems (shortgrass steppe in Colorado, tallgrass prairie in Kansas, and Norway spruce in Sweden) with varying degrees of water, temperature, and nutrient limitation, to determine responses to gradual increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]), temperature, and nitrogen input over 100 years. Using G'DAY, under rising [CO2], there is evidence of C sink “saturation,” defined here as positive NEP reaching an upper limit and then declining toward zero, at all three sites (due largely to increased N immobilization in soil organic matter) but a positive C sink is sustained throughout the 100 years. DAYCENT also predicts a sustained C sink at all three sites under rising [CO2], with evidence of C sink saturation for the Colorado grassland and the C sink levels off after 80 years for the Kansas grassland. Warming reduces soil C and the C sink in both grassland ecosystems but increases the C sink in the forest. Warming increases decomposition and soil N mineralization, which stimulates net primary productivity (NPP) at all sites except when inducing water limitation. At the forest site some of the enhanced N release is allocated to a woody biomass pool with a low N:C ratio so that warming enhances NEP without increased N input at the forest site, but not at the grassland sites. Responses to combinations of treatments are generally additive for DAYCENT but more interactive for G'DAY, especially under combined rising [CO2] and warming at the strongly water‐ and N‐limited shortgrass steppe. Increasing N input alleviates C sink saturation and enhances NEP, NPP, and soil C at all sites. At the water‐limited grassland sites the effect of rising [CO2] on growth is greatest during the drier seasons. Key sensitivities in the simulations of NEP are identified and include NPP sensitivity to gradual increase in [CO2], N immobilization as a long‐term feedback, and the presence or not of plant biomass pools with low N:C ratio.
Product Development Team Stability and New Product Advantage: The Role of Decision-Making Processes

Innovation scholars have long touted the value of cross-functional teams, and though firms have embraced a cross-functional design in their new product development (NPD) teams, these teams continue to face challenges. Stability in an NPD team may offer important advantages for decision making; however, its effectiveness as a structural coordination mechanism remains largely unexplored. Therefore, to offer insight into the value of NPD team stability, the authors develop a process-based model that examines the extent to which stability influences certain decision-making processes, which in turn influence new product advantage. They examine these relationships with a sample of cross-functional NPD project teams from 208 high-technology firms. The results reveal that the degree of stability in an NPD project team has a curvilinear relationship to team-level debate and decision-making comprehensiveness. In turn, whereas debate is positively related to decision comprehensiveness, decision comprehensiveness is positively related to new product advantage only at high levels. These curvilinear patterns shed light on anecdotal evidence that currently attributes success to both stable and unstable project teams.
Effects of Carbohydrate-Protein Intake During Exercise on Hormonal Changes and Muscular Strength after 12-Week Resistance Training

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of carbohydrate, protein and combination intake during exercise on hormonal responses, adaptations and muscle strength following 12 weeks resistance training. Subjects of this study included 40 untrained young men (age: 22.21± 1.77, body mass: 76.03±7.22) who performed 12 weeks resistance training twice a week with ~ 75% 1 repetition maximum (1RM) intensity while consuming 750 ml 6% carbohydrate beverage (CHO), 0.2 whey protein g/kg (PRO), combined 750 ml 6% carbohydrate beverage and 0.2 whey protein g/kg (CHO+PRO) and placebo (PLA). The Results indicate that exercise-induced cortisol responses inhibit resistance in CHO and CHO+PRO (p<0.05), while stimulating more insulin than in PRO and PLA (p<0.05). Cortisol responses were repeated in CHO and CHO+PRO at week 12 but reduced in PLA and PRO. All groups displayed reduced pre-exercise cortisol at week 12 compared to week 0 (P<0.05). Despite the increase of insulin responses in CHO and CHO+PRO at week 12, it remained constant in PLA and PRO. Postexercise GH increased in all groups, No significant differences were observed among the groups. The data indicated that ingestion of carbohydrate and/or protein during resistance exercise improve hormonal milieu after exercise, but these improvements could not enhance muscular strength in 12 weeks resistance training.
INTEGRAL FORMULATION FOR MIGRATION IN TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONS

Computer migration of seismic data emerged in the late 1960s as a natural outgrowth of manual migration techniques based on wavefront charts and diffraction curves. Summation (integration) along a diffraction hyperbola was recognized as a way to automate the familiar point‐to‐point coordinate transformation performed by interpreters in mapping reflections from the x, t (traveltime) domain into the x, z (depth domain). We will discuss the mathematical formulation of migration as a solution to the scalar wave equation in which surface seismic observations are the known boundary values. Solution of this boundary value problem follows standard techniques, and the migrated image is expressed as a surface integral over the known seismic observations when areal or 3-D overage exists. If only 2-D seismic coverage is available, wave equation migration is still possible by assuming the subsurface and hence surface recorded data do not vary perpendicular to the seismic profile. With this assumption, the surface inte.
Anti-Mu¨llerian Hormone Is an Endocrine Marker of Ovarian Gonadotropin-Responsive Follicles and Can Help to Predict Superovulatory Responses in the Cow 1

The major limitation to the development of embryo production in cattle is the strong between-animal variability in ovulatory response to FSH-induced superovulation, mainly due to differences in ovarian activity at the time of treatment. This study aimed to establish whether anti-Mu¨llerian hormone (AMH) was an endocrine marker of follicular populations in the cow, as in human, and a possible predictor of the ovarian response to superovulation. Anti-Mu¨llerian hormone concentrations in plasma varied 10-fold between cows before treatment and were found to be highly correlated with the numbers of 3- to 7-mm antral follicles detected by ovarian ultrasonography before treatment ( r ¼ 0.79, P , 0.001) and the numbers of ovulations after treatment ( r ¼ 0.64, P , 0.01). Between-animal differences in AMH concentrations were found to be unchanged after a 3-mo delay ( r ¼ 0.87, P , 0.01), indicating that AMH endocrine levels were characteristic of each animal on a long-term period. The population of healthy 3- to 7-mm follicles was the main target of superovulatory treatments, contained the highest AMH concentrations and AMH mRNA levels compared with larger follicles, and contributed importantly to AMH endocrine levels. In conclusion, AMH was found to be a reliable endocrine marker of the population of small antral gonadotro-pin-responsive follicles in the cow. Moreover, AMH concentrations in the plasma of individuals were indicative of their ability to respond to superovulatory treatments. considered AMH and estradiol-17 progesterone concentrations were studied using cross-correlation analysis. The cross- correlation analysis estimates the correlation between one time series at time t and the other time series at the time t 6 x lags [52]. Cross-correlation coefficients were computed using the Matlab xcorr function after subtraction of the means from the time series. Cross-correlation coefficients were computed for all lags, with each lag corresponding to a day blood sampling interval. correlation coefficients of the unlagged data stand at the midpoint (lag positive lags, variations in AMH concentrations variations in estradiol or progesterone concentrations; conversely, negative lags, variations in estradiol or progesterone concentrations variations in AMH concentrations. obtain an average estimate of the correlation, individual correlation coefficients of were average coefficient calculation was allowed following nonsignificant Jarque-Bera [53].
The Neonatal and Juvenile Pig in Pediatric Drug Discovery and Development

Pharmacotherapy in pediatric patients is challenging in view of the maturation of organ systems and processes that affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Especially for the youngest age groups and for pediatric-only indications, neonatal and juvenile animal models can be useful to assess drug safety and to better understand the mechanisms of diseases or conditions. In this respect, the use of neonatal and juvenile pigs in the field of pediatric drug discovery and development is promising, although still limited at this point. This review summarizes the comparative postnatal development of pigs and humans and discusses the advantages of the juvenile pig in view of developmental pharmacology, pediatric diseases, drug discovery and drug safety testing. Furthermore, limitations and unexplored aspects of this large animal model are covered. At this point in time, the potential of the neonatal and juvenile pig as nonclinical safety models for pediatric drug development is underexplored.
Spatial patterns of the NDVI–rainfall relationship at the seasonal and interannual time scales in an African savanna

Climate change is predicted to affect both the mean annual rainfall and its seasonal distribution over the African continent. Understanding their respective influences on primary production, an ecosystem's key feature, is therefore a major challenge for rangeland ecologists. We have investigated the change in intra‐ and interannual Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in relation to rainfall in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. Two distinct NDVI time series were built using NOAA/AVHRR data for the period 1982–2002. Long‐term monthly means described the change in seasonal NDVI, whereas annually integrated NDVI related to year‐to‐year fluctuations. The rainfall–NDVI relationship was stronger along the seasonal course [with a lag of 1 month, Kendall's tau (τ) = 0.879] than when studied interannually (τ = 0.476). Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that spatial patterns of the NDVI fluctuations differed when studied interannually or during the seasonal course. Field features such as topography or vegetation composition influenced seasonal NDVI values whereas only rainfall distribution played a role at the interannual time scale. Our results show that rainfall controls on primary production and their mitigation differ between time scales, and these findings bring insights on the future response of savannas to climate change.
Correlation of Biomarkers with Endoscopic Score: Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in Remission

Background and Objectives: Ulcerative colitis is a disease with an unpredictable evolution, often highlighted endoscopically, that is associated with persistent inflammation affecting the patient’s quality of life. An attempt was made to discover surrogate markers to evaluate the endoscopic remission of the disease in order to increase the patient’s quality of life and also their adherence to the treatment and monitoring plan. One such marker is fecal calprotectin (FC). To confirm the correlation between biomarkers and endoscopic disease activity and to define the optimal cut off value to detect clinical and endoscopic remission in a center of Romania. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study that included 59 patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis at the Department of Internal Medicine III, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest. Patients had fecal calprotectin measurements and colonoscopy/rectosigmoidoscopy performed during baseline, 6 and 12 months. For endoscopic activity the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) was used. Results: During the study, relapses have occurred in 35.6% of patients, the median age was 47 years (21–77). During the study, the FC measurement was significantly increased at 3 months (median, range µg/g; 715, 14–4000) and at 6 months (median, range µg/g; 650, 4.5–3000) (p ≤ 0.05). Another inflammatory biomarker studied was CRP, which showed increased values at 3 months (median, range, mg/dL; 1.86, 0.14–58.9), at 6 months (median, range, mg/dL; 2.36, 0.12–45.8) and at 9 months (median, range, mg/dL; 2, 0.12–25.9) compared to the baseline (p = 0.01). Patients with recurrence of the disease also associated an increase in the values of clinical evaluation scores (SCCAI; p = 0.00001), but also endoscopic (UCEIS; p = 0.0006) Conclusion: A relapse is associated independently with younger age, the extension of the disease (E2-E3), increased FC level, C reactive protein, hemoglobin concentration, SCCAI index and UCEIS score.
Does bilingualism really affect social flexibility?

Ikizer and Ramirez-Esparza (2017) reported a study suggesting that bilingualism may have a positive impact on people's social skills. They found that a) bilinguals scored higher on a scale that is supposed to reveal social flexibility, and that b) they also report having social interactions more frequently than monolinguals. The authors relate this advantage in social flexibility to the need of exercising language switching in bilingual speakers. In this commentary, we argue that their arguments are not theoretically sound and that their observations are not compelling enough to reach this conclusion.
Comprehensive Understanding of Silicon-Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor Impedimetric Readout for Biomolecular Sensing

Impedance sensing with silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (SiNW-FETs) shows considerable potential for label-free detection of biomolecules. With this technique, it might be possible to overcome the Debye-screening limitation, a major problem of the classical potentiometric readout. We employed an electronic circuit model in Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) for SiNW-FETs to perform impedimetric measurements through SPICE simulations and quantitatively evaluate influences of various device parameters to the transfer function of the devices. Furthermore, we investigated how biomolecule binding to the surface of SiNW-FETs is influencing the impedance spectra. Based on mathematical analysis and simulation results, we proposed methods that could improve the impedimetric readout of SiNW-FET biosensors and make it more explicable.
OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG NIGERIA POLICE FORCE IN KADUNA STATE

This study examined the influence of occupational stress on coping strategies among Nigeria police force in Kaduna State. Survey design was used for the study. The study population consisted of personnel of Nigeria Police College Kaduna. 50 personnel were randomly chosen across various units of the college. The sample was made of 35 males and 15 females. The Well-Being Process Questionnaire was used to obtain information from the participants. The study used Pearson Product Moment Correlation, independent t-test and a description statistics to test the formulated hypotheses. The result revealed that: There was a significant relationship between poor working condition and occupational stress among Nigerian Police officers (t=5.091,df=198,p=0.05). There was a significant difference in occupational stress between Female and Male Nigerian Police Officers. There was a significant difference in occupational stress between Junior and Senior Police Officers (t=5.091,df=198,p=0.05). It was recommended that government should improve manpower and conditions of service by building more barracks to provide adequate accommodation for policemen.