Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Cetuximab and Nivolumab as a Second-Line or beyond Treatment of Patients with Recurrent and/or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results of Phase I/II Study

Simple Summary To improve overall survival (OS), we evaluated a combination of cetuximab and nivolumab for toxicity and efficacy in patients with incurable recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In addition, electronic health record-derived real-world data were used to provide clinical context for our prospective findings and to explore sequential treatment effects of cetuximab and immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) including nivolumab and pembrolizumab. The cetuximab and nivolumab combination was very well tolerated. Although patients with no prior CPI showed a trend for more favorable progression-free survival relative to patients with prior CPI, the improvement in the 1-year OS did not reach the statistical threshold in this heavily treated patients. Optimal sequencing of cetuximab and CPI may have an impact in prognosis and requires further evaluation in management of patients with incurable HNSCC. Abstract We hypothesized the combination of cetuximab and nivolumab would improve survival in recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) HNSCC by providing synergy in cancer control and evaluated toxicities and efficacy of the combination. Effects of sequential administration of cetuximab and anti-Programmed Cell Death-1 checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) were also explored. Patients who failed at least one line of palliative treatment for incurable HNSCC were treated with cetuximab 500 mg/m2 IV on Day (D)-14 as a lead-in followed by cetuximab 500 mg/m2 IV and nivolumab 240 mg/m2 IV on D1 and D15 every 28-D cycle. Electronic health record-derived real-world data (RWD) were used to explore sequential treatment effects of CPI and cetuximab. A total of 45 evaluable patients were analyzed, and 31/45 (69%) patients had prior exposure to either CPI or cetuximab. The only grade 4 treatment-related adverse event was cetuximab infusion reaction in one patient. The 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 19% and 44%, respectively. Although patients with no prior CPI (23/45, 51%) showed a trend for more favorable PFS relative to patients with prior CPI (22/45, 49%), the improvement in the 1-year OS did not reach the statistical threshold. For evaluation of sequential CPI and cetuximab treatment effects, we selected RWD-cetuximab cohort with 173 patients and RWD-CPI cohort with 658 patients from 6862 R/M HNSCC. Our result suggested patients treated with RWD-cetuximab after RWD-CPI had worse OS compared to no prior RWD-CPI (HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.02–3.16). Our data suggest the combination of cetuximab and nivolumab is well tolerated. Optimal sequencing of cetuximab and CPI may have an impact in prognosis and requires further evaluation.
Process of Work Disability: From Determinants of Sickness Absence Trajectories to Disability Retirement in A Long-Term Follow-Up of Municipal Employees

Work disability may originate early during work history and involve sickness absences (SA) and eventually permanent disability. We studied this process over 15 years. Questionnaire data collected in 1981 on health, working conditions, and lifestyle of Finnish municipal employees aged 44–58 years (n = 6257) were linked with registers on SA (≥10 workdays), disability pension, and death from the period 1986–1995. Trajectory analysis was used to assess development in SA (days/year) over 5 years (1981–1985). We analyzed determinants of the trajectories with multinomial regression, while trajectory membership was used as a predictor of disability pension (DP) during the subsequent 10 years in survival analysis. Three SA trajectories emerged: increasing (women: 6.8%; men: 10.2%), moderate (21.2%; 22.7%), and low. In a mutually adjusted model, the increasing trajectory in women was associated with baseline musculoskeletal (MSD), mental and respiratory disorders, injuries, obesity, sleep problems, and low exercise (effect sizes OR > 2), and in men with MSD, sleep problems, smoking, low exercise, and non-satisfaction with management. The moderate trajectory associated with MSD, ‘other somatic disorders’, sleep problems, and awkward work postures in both genders; in women, also overweight, cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity, and (inversely) knowledge-intensive work, and in men, smoking and mental disorders were thus associated. Ten-year risks of DP contrasting increasing vs. low SA were more than 10-fold in both genders and contrasting moderate vs. low SA 3-fold in women and 2-fold in men. These findings emphasize the need for early identification of workers with short-term problems of work ability and interventions regarding lifestyle, health, and working conditions, to help prevent permanent disability.
E-gene RT-PCR Crossing Point Value and Other Biochemical Parameters as Useful Markers of Death Risk in COVID-19 Patients

The identification of laboratory markers which predict the outcome of COVID-19 patients is a great concern. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been used to confirm the clinical diagnosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate laboratory parameters of COVID-19 patients as well as to evaluate the RT-PCR crossing point (Cp) value and correlate blood test abnormalities and the Cp value with patients survival. Two hundred thirty patients with positive RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 were included in the study. Molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 was performed by RT-PCR (LightMix, TibMolbiol, Germany). Clinical information, biochemical parameters and Cp values were collected in an anonymized database and variables were analyzed with SPSS v25.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). No-survivors were significantly older (>65 years old) than survivors (p=0.007). A higher prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in patients who died than in those who survived was found (p=0.002). Statistically significant differences were obtained comparing RT-PCR Cp values for the E-gene of patients who died and those who survived, being lower (<=28) those of patients who died (p=0.004). No-survivors had significantly higher levels of CRP (>100) (p=0.007). E-gene Cp values <=28, which correlate with a high number of copies of SARS-CoV-2, as well as several demographical and biochemical parameters (Age above 65 years old, CRP levels >100 mg/L or cardiovascular comorbidities) could be useful markers of death risk in these patients.
THEORY OF INFLUENCE OF FUEL PYROLYSIS ON SOOT SHELL STANDOFF RATIOS IN REDUCED-GRAVITY DROPLET COMBUSTION

ABSTRACT Soot shell standoff ratios in reduced-gravity droplet combustion are investigated analytically. Analysis of energy conservation shows that temperature gradients between the droplet and a flame, which influence thermophoretic soot transport, are affected by variations in specific heats as well as fuel pyrolysis. Analyses suggest the onset of fuel pyrolysis can be abrupt, leading to local increases in temperature gradients. These temperature gradient changes can be large enough to influence soot shell formation. Estimates indicate that soot shell standoff ratios will increase as droplets decrease in size, which is in agreement with available experimental results for combustion of n-heptane droplets in reduced gravity.
Lung Cancer Characteristics in the World Trade Center Environmental Health Center

The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) towers on 11 September 2001 resulted in acute and chronic dust and fume exposures to community members, including local workers and residents, with well-described aerodigestive adverse health effects. This study aimed to characterize lung cancer in the WTC Environmental Health Center (WTC EHC) focusing on gender and smoking history. WTC EHC patients undergo an initial evaluation that includes WTC exposure information, demographics, and tobacco use. Detailed cancer characteristics are recorded from pathology reports. As of 31 December 2019, 248 WTC EHC patients had a diagnosis of lung cancer. More patients with lung cancer were women (57%) compared to men (43%). Many cases (47% women, 51% men) reported acute dust cloud exposure. Thirty-seven percent of lung cancer cases with available smoking history were never-smokers (≤1 pack-years) and 42% had a ≤5 pack-year history. The median age of cancer diagnosis in never-smoking women was 61 years compared to 66 years in men. Adenocarcinoma was more common in never-smokers compared to ever-smokers (72% vs. 65%) and in women compared to men (70% vs. 65%). We provide an initial description of lung cancers in local community members with documented exposure to the WTC dust and fumes.
A Comparison of Presentations with Self-Harm to Hospital in Lithuania and Ireland

Suicide is a serious problem globally, especially in Europe, with suicide rates varying between different countries. Self-harm is a known risk factor for dying by suicide and represents an opportunity to intervene in order to treat any associated mental illness and reduce risk. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of people presenting to hospital with self-harm at two clinical sites: Galway, Ireland and Kaunas, Lithuania. Data were obtained from the services’ database and anonymised for analysis. Over a 5-month period, 89 patients presented with self-harm at the Lithuanian site and 224 patients presented with self-harm at the Irish site. This study found significant differences in presentation, diagnosis and treatment between the two sites. All patients at the Lithuanian site were admitted to psychiatry, compared to 22% of patients at the Irish site (p < 0.001). In Lithuania, the main clinical diagnoses were adjustment disorder (37.1%) and major depression (20.2%), compared to substance misuse being the main clinical diagnosis (33.8%) in Ireland (p < 0.001). There were significant differences in the prescription of psychotropic medications (which were three times more commonly prescribed at the Lithuanian site) after controlling for age, gender and psychiatric history (p < 0.001). Further research is required to understand the cultural context behind and further association between hospitalisation and future death by suicide.
Conversion Therapy of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Is Associated with Improved Prognosis and Verified by a Case of Patient-Derived Organoid

Simple Summary The first core tip of this study is that we summarized the experience of conversion therapy of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) in a single center and found conversion therapy could provide a significant improvement in the overall survival of patients with IHCC. Previous studies mainly focused on case reports and case series, and our research provided more evidence for the efficacy of conversion therapy in IHCC. The second is that we established the organoid of IHCC for drug screening and firstly verified the results of drug screening tests in cancer organoid were consistent with the levels of efficacy observed in the patient from whom it was derived. Cancer organoid is a promising technology for conversion therapy according to our study but more organoids are still needed. Abstract This study was performed to determine the efficacy of conversion therapy in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) and explore the feasibility of cancer organoid to direct the conversion therapy of IHCC. Patient data were retrospectively reviewed in this study and cancer organoids were established using tissues obtained from two patients. A total of 42 patients with IHCC received conversion therapy, 9 of whom were downstaged successfully, and another 157 patients were initially resectable. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the successfully downstaged patients had a significantly improved overall survival compared to those in whom downstaging was unsuccessful (p = 0.017), and had a similar overall survival to that of initially resectable patients (p = 0.965). The IHCC organoid was successfully established from one of two obtained tissues. Routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistological staining found the organoid retained the histopathological characteristics of the original tissues. Whole exome sequencing results indicated the IHCC organoid retained appropriately 87% of the variants in the original tissue. Gemcitabine and paclitaxel exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects on the cancer organoid as determined using drug screening tests, consistent with the levels of efficacy observed in the patient from whom it was derived. This study indicates that conversion therapy could improve the survival of patients with IHCC despite its low success rate, and it may be directed by cancer organoids though this is merely a proof of feasibility.
Etude des profils des bandes de diffraction X d'une beidellite-Na hydratée à deux couches d'eau. Détermination du mode d'empilement des feuillets et des sites occupés par l'eau

Intensities and shapes of the (02,11), (20,13) and (04, 22) diffraction bands are calculated for model structures and are fitted to the experimental patterns, in order to describe the structural characteristics of a two-water-layer Na-beidellite (Rupsroth, Bavaria, Germany). The determined features are: the average dimensions and size distributions of coherent domains, the coordinates of the crystallographically bound water molecules, the nature and abundance of stacking defects. The localization of the water sites and the determination of their occupancy rates are obtained using a general and powerful procedure which is described. For the stacking, a quantification of the influence, on the X-ray powder diagrams, of all crystallochemically possible modes given in the literature has been done. On the basis of such a quantification, it was possible to establish the layer succession law in the studied hydrated particles.
Association of dietary calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D with type 2 diabetes among US adults: National health and nutrition examination survey 2007–2014—A cross‐sectional study

Abstract Higher dietary intake of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and vitamin D has been associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and a higher intracellular ratio of Ca to Mg leads to insulin resistance. Previous epidemiological studies did not examine the combined effects of dietary Ca, Mg, and vitamin D as well as ratio of Ca to Mg with T2DM. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between dietary intakes of Mg, Ca, and vitamin D (using 24‐hr recalls) individually and in composite and T2DM in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2014, which involved 20,480 adults (9,977 men and 10,503 women) with comprehensive information on related nutrients, and anthropometric, demographic, and biomarker variables using multivariable logistic regression. The results indicated that dietary calcium at Q3 (812 mg/day) was significantly linked with T2DM in women (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.65). Dietary vitamin D at Q3 (5.25 μg/day) significantly reduced the odds of T2DM by 21% in men (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.98). This is an interesting study that has important implications for dietary recommendations. It is concluded that US adults having dietary Ca below the RDA were associated with increased risk of T2DM in all population and women, while higher ratio of Ca to Mg was associated with increased risk of T2DM in all population and increased vitamin D intake is related to decreased risk of T2DM in men. Moreover, further research is needed to make more definitive nutritional recommendations.
Effect of rinsing time on the accuracy of interim crowns fabricated by digital light processing: An in vitro study

PURPOSE This study was to evaluate the effect of rinsing time on the accuracy of interim crowns fabricated by digital light processing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The maxillary right first molar master die was duplicated using a silicone material, while a study die was produced using epoxy resin. Scans of the epoxy resin die were used in combination with CAD software to design a maxillary right first molar interim crown. Based on this design, 24 interim crowns were fabricated with digital light processing. This study examined the trueness and precision of products that were processed with one of the three different postprocessing rinsing times (1 min, 5 min, and 10 min). Trueness was measured by superimposing reference data with scanned data from external, intaglio, and marginal surfaces. Precision was measured by superimposing the scan data within the group. The trueness and precision data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, nonparametric, and post-hoc tests, and were compared using a Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction (α=.05). RESULTS The trueness of the external and intaglio surfaces of crowns varied significantly among the different rinsing times (P =.004, P =.003), but there was no statistically significant difference in terms of trueness measurements of the marginal surfaces (P =.605). In terms of precision, statistically significant differences were found among the external, intaglio, and marginal surfaces (P =.001). CONCLUSION Interim crowns rinsed for 10 minutes showed high accuracy.
Trends in the Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Nepal between 2000 and 2025: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Understanding the burden and trend of hypertension and the associated care cascade can provide direction to the development of interventions preventing and controlling hypertension. This study aimed to assess prevalence and trends of hypertension and its awareness, treatment, and control in Nepal. Methods We systematically searched CINAHL, Embase, ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science, WorldCat, and government and health agency-owned websites to identify studies reporting prevalence of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control in Nepal between 2000 and 2020. We applied the random-effects model to compute the pooled prevalence in the overall population and among subgroups in each 5-year interval period between 2000 and 2020. We used linear meta-regression analysis to predict hypertension from 2000 to 2025. Results We identified 23 studies having a total of 84,006 participants. The pooled prevalence of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control for 2016–2020 was 32% (95% CI: 23–40%), 50% (95% CI: 30–69%), 27% (95% CI: 19–34%), and 38% (95% CI: 28–48%), respectively. The prevalence of hypertension varied by age, gender, education, and geographical area. Hypertension increased by 6 percentage points (pp), awareness increased by 12 pp, treatment increased by 11 pp, and control increased by 3 pp over the 20 years studied. Since 2000, the rate of increment of hypertension has been 3.5 pp per decade, where 44.7% of men are expected to suffer from hypertension by 2025. Conclusion The markedly increased prevalence of hypertension and relatively poor progress in hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in Nepal suggest that there is a need for hypertension preventive approaches as well as strategies to optimize hypertension care cascade.
ERS International Congress 2020: highlights from the Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation Assembly

The Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Assembly of the European Respiratory Society is delighted to present the highlights from the 2020 Virtual International Congress. We have selected four sessions that discussed recent advances in a wide range of topics. From the use of robotic surgery in thoracic surgery and extracorporeal life support as a bridge to lung transplantation, to lung transplantation in the era of new drugs. The sessions are summarised by early career members in close collaboration with the assembly leadership. We aim to give the reader an update on the highlights of the conference in the fields of thoracic surgery and lung transplantation. The first “virtual” #ERSCongress was a great success, with very diverse and important sessions on innovation and the state of the art in thoracic surgery and lung transplantation, summarised in this article https://bit.ly/392uwUA
Skylight Color Shifts due to Variations of Urban-Industrial Aerosol Properties: Observer Color Difference Sensitivity Compared to a Digital Camera

Simulations of the sky dome color shifts of a cloudless sky have been performed, assuming three urban-industrial tropospheric aerosol cases. Each of these aerosols is represented by the bimodal lognormal volume distribution (Dubovik et al. 2002). A total of ten parameters are used to control the aerosol characteristics. These ten parameters are perturbed and the resulting sky color shifts are estimated. All simulations have been performed relative to the reference cases that represent the time-averaged state of each aerosol case. We have simulated the sensitivity of the theoretical CIE (Commission Internationale de l′ Eclairage) standard human observer to discriminate sky color changes, due to changes of the aerosol control parameters. A Digital color Camera Model (DCM) has also been incorporated in the simulation scheme. The DCM simulates the performance of a camera-colorimeter created specifically to measure sky color. The DCM has been used to investigate whether a color digital camera can replicate the behavior of the CIE standard observer, with respect to sky color shifts. The standard observer is most sensitive to perturbations of the parameters of the aerosol fine mode, which are particles with diameters less than 0.6 μ m. However his sensitivity is highly variable, depending on the parameter varied, on the aerosol case and on the direction of the observation. The DCM was in excellent agreement with the behavior of the CIE standard observer. The camera simulated sky color measurement accuracy was high. The results show that the camera sensitivity in discriminating color differences is much better than that of the observer.
Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome with Intracameral Moxifloxacin: Case Report and Review of the Literature

A case of severe anterior segment toxicity secondary to high-volume, undiluted intracameral moxifloxacin for endophthalmitis prophylaxis is reported. We examine the other reported cases of toxicity after intracameral moxifloxacin, as well as iris depigmentation and transillumination syndromes after oral and topical fluoroquinolone exposure. Additionally, we review the literature on safety, efficacy, and appropriate dosing of intracameral antibiotics with a focus on moxifloxacin.