Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mobile Applications for COVID-19: A Scoping Review of the Initial Response in Canada

Background: The rapid outbreak of Coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) originating in Wuhan, China, and the subsequent declaration of a state of “pandemic” on March 11, 2020 has necessitated a widespread global response to manage and control the transmission, spread and impact of COVID-19. Mobile technology has been leveraged in a number of ways to control the spread of COVID-19, including to support knowledge translation. Mobile applications are accessible, acceptable, easily adopted, and have the ability to support social distancing efforts. The following review assesses the mobile applications currently available to address COVID-19 and seeks existing studies in the literature that evaluate such applications. Methods: 3 databases (Embase, Web of Science and PubMed), 2 application stores (GooglePlay and Apple’s App Store) and google search engine were searched from inception until April 05, 2020 using key words and search strings to identify relevant apps and/or literature. Reviews of the obtained results were examined by two reviewers in double-blind nature and assessed for inclusion or exclusion. Results: 36 studies, 72 websites and 312 mobile-based applications were identified through searches. 14 applications met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Additional eHealth tools identified through the search strategy were considered for supplemental analysis (including online dashboards and applications not available through application stores). Conclusion: This review provides a brief assessment of the goals of applications addressing COVID-19, the types of approaches being used by these applications, and draws conclusions on the needs not being met by such application-based interventions. Innovation and collaboration between government, healthcare organizations and application developers is needed to address the identified gaps and facilitate the successful harnessing of mobile applications in the management of COVID-19.
Dew and frost chemistry at a midcontinent site, United States

From July 1989 to July 1990 a total of 98 dew and 9 frost samples were collected at the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville. The total water flux from dews and frosts per year was less than 2% of that from rains. Acid and nutrient fluxes were also much lower in dew. In the following series of ions the number in parentheses gives the percent of the yearly flux of the ion in dew compared to rain for the same time period: H+ (0.06), Ca2+(25), Mg2 + (11), K+ (21), Na+ (4), NH4+ (10), Cl− (4), NO3− (5), and SO2−4 (5). In contrast, the concentration of the various ions in dew, except H+, is generally several times that in rain. Dew is primarily a Ca(HCO3)2 and (NH4)2SO4 solution; whereas rain is primarily a NH4HSO4 solution. The mean pH of dew is 6.37 compared to 4.99 for rain. The average acetate-formate concentration of dew in equivalents was (1) equal to about 53% of the nitrate-sulfate concentration in rain for April-June and (2) 10 times more concentrated than in rain for the year. The steps governing dew composition are indicated to be (1) formation on dry deposition solids (2) dissolution of the soluble portion of the dry deposition by dew water, and (3) sorption of gaseous NH3, acetic, and formic acids into the dew solution.
Ancient Wheat Species (Triticum sphaerococcum Perc. and T. persicum Vav.) in Organic Farming: Influence of Sowing Density on Agronomic Traits, Pests and Diseases Occurrence, and Weed Infestation

Crop management should be determined to reintroduce ancient wheat. This study aimed to determine: i. the response of the yield of ancient wheat on sowing density; ii. the impact of sowing density on plant health, weed infestation and pest occurrence. Field experiments were carried out in Poland, on three organic farms. The factors were: (1) wheat species: Persian wheat (Triticum persicum Vav.) and Indian dwarf wheat (T. sphaerococcum Perc.), (2) sowing density (400, 500, and 600 grains m−2). Increasing the sowing density of T. sphaerococcum from 400 to 600 grains m−2 increases the grain yield and reduces the pest pressure (Oulema spp. and Aphididae). Sowing densities did not affect the severity of powdery mildew at stem elongation as well as root rot and eyespot at the development of fruit. At the highest sowing density, the leaf area with tan spot symptoms was the highest. The eyespot symptoms occurred more frequently and the damaged plant surface caused by Oulema spp. was larger on T. sphaerococcum. Persian wheat turned out to be more susceptible to weed infestation. Indian dwarf wheat and Persian wheat are useful for organic farming, and the sowing density should be 500 or 600 grains m−2 and 400 grains m−2, respectively.
Comparison of Physical Effect Between Two Training Methods for Individuals With Substance Use Disorder

Background: High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has recently been widely used for health promotion in healthy people and patients with chronic diseases. It is not clear whether HIIT can bring better physical rehabilitation benefits to individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) than that of Moderate-intensity continuous Training (MICT). The study aimed to compare the effects of HIIT versus MICT on the physical fitness of individuals with SUD.Methods: A total 120 individuals with amphetamine-type stimulant dependent from a compulsory drug rehabilitation center voluntarily took part in this study. They were randomly assigned to the HIIT group (experimental group) and MICT group (control group). The subjects in experimental group received HIIT training three times a week (80%-85%HRMax, 60min). The exercise included rope jumping, running, weight training and basketball game. The subjects from control group received MICT 3 times a week (60%HRMax, 60min), including Tai Chi, mind-body exercise and recreation activity. Physical fitness assessment were performed at the baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months exercise intervention including blood pressure (BP), vital capacity (VC), hand grip, push-up, sit-and-reach, one-leg-stand with eyes closed and choice reaction time. The craving level was assessed using the visual analog scale （VAS）at the baseline, 6 months and 12 months. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to test whether the intervention were different after 12 months.Results: The within-group factor displayed significant changes in HIIT and MICT groups in terms of the systolic BP (F (4,336) =12.799), diastolic BP (F(4,336) =9.495), VC (F(4,336)=18.121), hand grip (F(4,336)=34.815), sit-and-reach (F(4,336) =13.871), choice reaction time (F(4,336) =20.603), one-leg-stand with eyes closed (F(4,336) =14.495) and push-up (F(4,336) =28.805). The craving level decreased after 12 months intervention in both groups (F(2,168) =11.25, P<0.001), but there was not significant differences between HIIT and MICT group.Conclusion: Both HIIT and MICT can promote the physical fitness rehabilitation for individuals with SUD. Clinical Trials Registry: ChiCTR1900022158 Chinese Clinical Trial Registry
Influence of Surface Roughness on Secondary Electron Emission and Electron Backscattering from Metal Surface

Because of its acute importance in the understanding of low-energy ( ≤1 keV) electron-material interactions in thermonuclear fusion devices, the effect of surface roughness on the secondary electron yield and backscattering coefficient, as well as on the energy and angular distributions of emitted electrons, is investigated using a Monte Carlo simulation combined with a model of ripple structure for the roughness. Two different effects of surface roughness are demonstrated. One is that low-energy and obliquely oriented electrons, which cannot escape from a flat surface, can escape from an inclined plane of the rough surface. The other is that electrons emitted near the bottom of the rough area re-enter into the surface. The former effect, which is dominant for small roughness, causes an increase in the secondary electron yield and an increase of the low-energy component in the energy distribution. The latter effect, which is dominant for large roughness, causes a decrease in the secondary electron yield and backscattering coefficient, as well as angular distributions of the over-cosine type.
The Culture of Emergency in Italy and Spain: State Antiterrorism

After nearly six decades, on May 2, 2018, Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) announced its dissolution. This announcement brought an end to the last ripples of the wave of political violence in Europe that began in the sixties, which coincided with a cycle of protests during the sixties and seventies. In response to serious political conflict and its drift toward armed violence, some liberal-democratic states established an antiterrorism framework involving legislative and practical transformations at every level of the criminal justice system. From a critical criminology perspective, the concept of a ‘culture of emergency’ was developed in the field of il garantismo in order to analyze the phenomenon. The present article explores the construction of this exceptionalism in two cases: that of Italy (‘revolutionary wave’) and of Spain (ETA). While attempting to identify a common pattern of emergency, this study also identifies the specificities of each conflict.
Phenolic Thermoset Matrix Reinforced with Sugar Cane Bagasse Fibers: Attempt to Develop a New Fiber Surface Chemical Modification Involving Formation of Quinones Followed by Reaction with Furfuryl Alcohol

A new chemical modification of sugar cane bagasse fibers for phenolic thermoset composites is presented. It consists in creating quinones in the lignin portions of fiber and react them with furfuryl alcohol to create a coating around the fiber more compatible with the phenolic resins used to prepare polymeric matrix. Sodium periodate was used in suitable conditions to oxidize mainly phenolic syringyl and guaiacy units of the lignin polymer to create quinones, which were characterized by UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy by comparison with model compounds. The reactivity of furfuryl alcohol (FA) with fibers was greatly enhanced after they were oxidized: 13% weight percent gain compared to 2% without oxidation. Chemical analysis of unmodified and FA-modified fibers have shown an important degradation of hemicellulose and a slight one of cellulose which almost maintains its crystallinity. A 25% decrease of strength and length properties of the fibers after FA chemical treatment was measured by dynamic mechanical analysis. The lignin-like proportion of the fiber was greatly enchanced after the FA-treatment. This was confirmed by thermal analysis, DSC, and TGA experiments, on unmodified and FA-modified fibers. SEM analysis of the fibers and of phenolic composites with modified fibers have confirned the FA grafting and shown a better comptability at the interface between the chemically modified fibers and the phenolic matrix. Nevertheless, the chemical treatment of the fibers decreased the impact strength of the composite, which could be caused by the fiber damage suffered during the chemical modification and for the more intense adhesion at the interface, wich in some cases decrease somewhat the impact strength.
Development and characterization of camphor-loaded ozonated olive oil nanoemulsions

The purpose of present study is to prepare and characterize camphor-loaded ozonated olive oil nanoemulsions (NEs). In this study, olive oils were ozonated with different times (up to 24 h) and their viscosities were examined. NEs were prepared by high-energy ultrasonication technique and characterized according to droplet size distribution, zeta potential, microscopic evaluation, and storage stability. The effect of oil phase/aqueous phase volume ratio, sonication time, and co-solvent (glycerol) on formulations were evaluated. 6 h ozonated olive oil was chosen for developing NEs due to its liquid form and viscosity (189 mPas). The obtained camphor-loaded NEs (with or without glycerol) had nearly 300 nm droplet size with negative zeta potential. Microscopic analysis revealed the spherical shape of droplets. The long-term stability tests showed that camphor-loaded NEs with glycerol were more stable than NEs without glycerol at 4 °C and 25 °C. According to the results, ozonated olive oil based NEs with glycerol might be promising nanosystems for topical delivery of camphor.
A pharmacokinetic model of cadmium in rainbow trout

It has been previously observed that exposure of rainbow trout to Cd from water or food did not result in a steady state for key compartments such as the gill, liver, and kidney. Further, during depuration, the mass of Cd in the kidney continued to increase. A seven‐compartment pharmacokinetic model of the disposition of cadmium in the rainbow trout was constructed to obtain insight into these observations. The model considers exchange across the gill from exposure to dissolved (available) Cd in the water and exchange of Cd across the gut wall due to exposure to Cd in the food source. Internal distribution of Cd is via Cd in blood exchanging with aqueous phase Cd in kidney, liver, and a storage compartment. Equilibrium partitioning is assumed between the aqueous phase Cd and bound tissue Cd in each compartment. The model is applied to a data set where trout were exposed under two conditions: Cd primarily in water and primarily in food. The model parameters were obtained from other published exposure experiments as well as calibration to the data. The parameters were not altered between the two exposure pathways. High surface gill sorption and gut biliary transfer were necessary in order to obtain reasonable model calibration. Reproduction of the observed increase in kidney Cd during depuration is obtained with a relatively high partitioning, and model flux calculations indicate a net flux into the kidney during the depuration phase. Model simulations for both water and food exposure routes indicated that the whole body Cd concentration was calculated to reach equilibrium in about 50 d. However, Cd did not achieve a steady state in the kidney where it reached a maximum concentration at seven times whole body. For assessment of Cd risk to trout target tissues, it is concluded that a pharmacokinetic model may be necessary.
ZnAlF5·[TAZ]: an Al fluorinated MOF of MIL-53(Al) topology with cationic {Zn(1,2,4 triazole)}2+ linkers

ZnAlF5·[TAZ], the first aluminium fluorinated metal–organic framework with cationic {Zn(1,2,4 triazole)}2+ linkers has been synthesized. The structure is accurately determined by coupling direct space methods on laboratory powder X-ray diffraction data with solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and ab initio calculations, and is found to be analogous to that of MIL-53(Al).
STK1p as a prognostic biomarker for overall survival in non-small-cell lung carcinoma, based on real-world data

Aim: A prospective investigation of serum thymidine kinase 1 concentration (STK1p) was performed to evaluate its prognostic value in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLCs). Patients & methods: The STK1p values of 127 patients were determined by an enhanced chemiluminescent dot blot assay. The patients were recruited from March 2011 to December 2017. Results: Kaplan–Meier plot showed that patients with elevated STK1p values had worse overall survival (OS), especially patients of early/middle stages. Multi-variable COX regression showed that STK1p value and combined treatment surgery + chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for favorable OS. Conclusion: STK1p is helpful in predicting OS of early/middle stages (I–IIIA) NSCLCs patients following a nonrandomized individual adapted treatment, but is may be not recommended in advanced stages (IIIB + IV) of NSCLCs.
Immunoinformatics Design of Novel Multi-Epitope Subunit Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 by Exploring Virus Conserved Sequences of the Spike Glycoproteins

Sars-CoV-2 infection also called COVID-19 is characterized by fever and signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is currently a global pandemic with high mortality rate in those with severe disease. Lack of effective vaccine and approved drug for treatment created a disastrous condition among the global communities. This study was designed as a step ahead in the path of protein-based subunit vaccine development. The primary amino acid sequence of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein was used to design a protein subunit vaccine construct. The molecular weight of vaccine protein was 58.4 kDa with a total number of 8170 atoms and 584 amino acid residues. The theoretical pI was found to be 8.54 showing its slightly basic nature while the total number of negative and positive charged residues were 29 and 33 respectively. The peptide vaccine construct has 147 (25.17%) polar residues and 375 (64.21%) hydrophobic residues. The vaccine construct has cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), helper T lymphocyte (HTL) and B cell epitopes of varying lengths having great potential to stimulate high levels of IFN-γ production. It has potent antigenic properties but lacked allergenicity. It is stable and have a good binding affinity for the TLR-4 receptor. In general, this modelling applied a series of immunoinformatics tools in a sequential manner to find an effective vaccine that may be used effectively in fighting against the COVID-19 pandemic. This modelling, however, needs real life experimental validation to prove the workability of the computational work.
Ion–molecule reactions of transition-metal ions with nitriles in the gas phase: competitive formation of both "end-on" and "side-on" coordination

First field-free region B/E linked scan studies of metastable and particularly collision-induced dissociations show that two competitive coordination processes ("end-on" and "side-on") exist in the complexation of metal ions (Ni+, Co+, Fe+, and Mn+) with alkanenitriles in the FAB source of an E/B configuration mass spectrometer. Analysis of the B/E linked scan CA spectra gives approximate percentages of the end-on coordination mode in the reactive complexes. An unusual β-methyl migration, involved in the elimination of CH4 from end-on complexes, may be in competition with β-H migration/elimination of H2 and β-C—C bond cleavage/elimination of alkene. For the side-on complexes, the metal ions can insert into various C—C bonds followed by β-H transfer/competitive elimination of alkene and alkane or by a direct C—M+ bond cleavage to give an alkyl radical. Key words: FAB mass spectroscopy, metal-ion/nitrile reactions, collisional activation, coordination modes, ion–molecule reactions.
Effects of film forming and hydrophobic properties of starches on surface sized packaging paper

The effect on mechanical and barrier properties upon addition of glycerol to temperature‐responsive hydrophobically modified (HM) potato starch was studied on free films. The addition of glycerol lowered the glass transition temperature, the storage modulus, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) for the HM starch films. The HM starch phase separates upon cooling below an upper critical temperature into a solid and a liquid phase. Adding glycerol to the warm starch solution had an inhibiting effect on the particulate precipitation. Substrates surface sized with HM starch with various amounts of glycerol were investigated with respect to barrier properties; WVP, contact angle and Cobb values. Hydroxypropylated starch was used as a reference. Cobb values and WVP results on surface‐sized substrates indicated that the film formation properties of the starches were of great importance for the final surface properties. Good film formation properties were essential for the gas barrier and water resistance while they were less important for high contact angles. The WVP decreased as the glycerol content of the sizes increased, but no sufficient water vapor barrier could be obtained. The HM starches investigated in this work provided good oxygen barrier and the contact angles indicated a hydrophobic character of the surface. The role of the precipitate was investigated, and surface sizing with the precipitate gave low WVP and high contact angles despite its poor film‐forming properties under the experimental conditions. Cobb60 values were slightly improved for HM starch with increasing glycerol content over glycerol‐free sizing. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intensity ratio of EUV emission lines in Fe XV studied with electron beam ion traps

We present emission spectra of highly charged Fe ions in the extreme ultraviolet range obtained with two electron beam ion traps. The intensity ratio between the 3s3p3P2 - 3s3d 3D3 (233.9 Å) and 3s3p 1P1 - 3s3d 1D2 (243.8 Å) transitions in Fe XV is given for various electron beam parameters. The experimental ratios are compared with theoretical model calculation as well as our previous experiment, where significant discrepancy with theoretical model was found. The present result, which has been obtained with a higher resolution spectrometer to investigate possible line blending, confirms that the discrepancy is not due to line blending.
The Electrophoretic Contribution to the Solutions of Taxonomical Problems of Some Lathyrus L. Taxa Growing in Turkey

Background: The seed proteins are used as molecular markers to clarify the systematic problems. Also, electrophoretic techniques are safe tools to identify the seed proteins. In present study, it was used the SDS-PAGE technique to solve the taxonomical problems of eight taxa of genus Lathyrus belong to three sections Orobus, Lathyrostylis and Pratensis according to the globulin B and glutelin. Methods: The seed materials were collected from natural habitats and 0.5 g seed were homogenized and centrifuged based on extraction procedure. In addition, the amounts of seed storage protein subfractions were determined by using protein assay. The electrophoretic analysis were performed according to the 12% SDS-PAGE. The gel documentation system (Bio-Rad, USA) was used to analyse the electrophoretic data and UPGAMA was used to construct the dendogram to show the relationships among the species under focus. Results: Current study showed that the species of section Pratensis were different from species of sections Orobus and Lathyrostylis. The differences among the studied taxa shown clearly and all studied taxa were choosen from the protein patterns. Furthermore, present study demonstrated that L. nivalis has the highest globulin B and glutelin. Results of the present study generally supported the morphological data.
Knowledge and Practices of Unani Medicine among Patients Attending OPD at a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

ntroduction: Unani medicine is one of the most commonly practiced form of traditional system of medicines in India. There is dearth of published data showing the knowledge and practices of general population about Unani treatment modality. Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge and practices and to determine factors associated with the use of Unani medicine in participants attending Unani Out Patient Department, at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital to assess the knowledge and practices of Unani system of medicine among 365 participants attending the out-patient department between July 2019 to September 2019. Result: Out of 365 subjects 51% were males and 49% were females with mean age 40.15 ± 14.62 years, ranged between 16 to 90 years of age. Of the 365 participants, majority of patients were aware of Unani medicine, 75.1% of the patients came to know about Unani Medicine from sources such as family, friends and neighbours and 73.9% believed that Unani medicine is effective. Although their practices of Unani medicine were limited. Conclusion: OPD attenders had very good awareness about Unani medicine, however, limited practices were observed among them. Therefore, promotion of Unani healthcare through evidence-based practices is required for better acceptability among people.