Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined effects of thermo-diffusion, diffusion-thermo and internal heat generation on the stabilization/destabilization of the flow in a cavity differentially heated and salted

Abstract Lattice Boltzmann simulations of double-diffusive convection in a rectangular cavity differentially heated and salted are conducted in the presence of internal heat generation and Dufour and Soret effects. The study is performed for an aspect ratio an external Rayleigh number a Lewis number a buoyancy ratio and a Prandtl number The study focuses mainly on the effect of Dufour number ( and 0.5) to measure its impact on the ranges of steady/unsteady solutions reported in a previous study for the Soret parameter ranging from −0.5 to 0.5 and internal to external Rayleigh numbers ratio ranging from 0 to 80. Compared to the results obtained show that the presence of Dufour mechanism with a positive value leads to a destabilizing effect by widening the ranges of instability observed for the considered values of The combinations ( ) the most stabilizing/destabilizing are identified and discussed in this study.
Employing Robotics and Deep Learning in Underground Leak Detection

Leaks in water distribution networks (WDNs) produce significant economic losses. These leaks from underground pipelines affect the surrounding environment in different ways that can be detected using various technologies. This article introduces an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) equipped with an infrared temperature sensor to remotely detect thermal anomalies on the surface caused by underground leaking pipelines. An MLX90614 low-cost thermopile infrared sensor was proposed to trace the surface temperature above leaking pipelines and record the corresponding position of each reading. Two positioning techniques were tested independently: a satellite navigation system and odometry using a magnetic encoder. Raw data from the temperature sensor along with the corresponding locations were recorded on a MicroSD card using an Arduino Uno Board through analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and serial peripheral interface (SPI) bus. Experimental work showed the ability of the robot in detecting thermal anomalies caused by leaks accurately with the required trace resolution. Finally, a 2-D convolutional neural network (CNN) solution is introduced for distinguishing true detections from false alarms.
A note on neighbourhoods of univalent functions

Using a notion of neighbourhood of analytic functions due to Stephan Ruscheweyh we examine conditions under which neighbourhoods of a certain class of convex functions are included in a class of starlike functions. Introduction. Let A denote the class of analytic functions f in the unit disk E: {zI Iz 0 Ruscheweyh has defined the neighbourhood N8( f ) as follows: 00 00 N,6( f ) =i(z) =Z + 2 bkZ k |2 k l ak bk |< a k=2 k=2 He has shown in [11 among other results that if f(z) Z + k= n+l? akZk E C the following result is true: Na8(f)CS*C 8n =22/n where C(S*) denotes the class of normalized convex (starlike) univalent functions in A. He also asked if a similar result would hold if we replace S* by the class T:= {gES*I |zg (Z)-1I< 1 z E E}
Radiation Boundary Conditions in Barotropic Coastal Ocean Numerical Models

Using a barotropic coastal ocean numerical model, several radiation boundary conditions at the open boundaries of the computational domain are examined. The focus is on how well they can transmit coastally trapped waves. As well as radiation boundary conditions of the Orlanski type, three new modifications are introduced and found to give a better performance.
Differential regulation of skeletal stem/progenitor cells in distinct skeletal compartments

Skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs), characterized by self-renewal and multipotency, are essential for skeletal development, bone remodeling, and bone repair. These cells have traditionally been known to reside within the bone marrow, but recent studies have identified the presence of distinct SSPC populations in other skeletal compartments such as the growth plate, periosteum, and calvarial sutures. Differences in the cellular and matrix environment of distinct SSPC populations are believed to regulate their stemness and to direct their roles at different stages of development, homeostasis, and regeneration; differences in embryonic origin and adjacent tissue structures also affect SSPC regulation. As these SSPC niches are dynamic and highly specialized, changes under stress conditions and with aging can alter the cellular composition and molecular mechanisms in place, contributing to the dysregulation of local SSPCs and their activity in bone regeneration. Therefore, a better understanding of the different regulatory mechanisms for the distinct SSPCs in each skeletal compartment, and in different conditions, could provide answers to the existing knowledge gap and the impetus for realizing their potential in this biological and medical space. Here, we summarize the current scientific advances made in the study of the differential regulation pathways for distinct SSPCs in different bone compartments. We also discuss the physical, biological, and molecular factors that affect each skeletal compartment niche. Lastly, we look into how aging influences the regenerative capacity of SSPCs. Understanding these regulatory differences can open new avenues for the discovery of novel treatment approaches for calvarial or long bone repair.
Psychometric validation of the hindi version of summary of diabetes self-care activities (H-SDSCA) amongst pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, in Lucknow

Objective: The English version of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) measure is the most often used self-reporting instrument assessing diabetes self-management. This study was aimed at translating English SDSCA into the Hindi version and validating and evaluating its psychometric properties. Methods: The Hindi version of SDSCA was developed based on the guidelines provided by the World Health Organization (2008) for translation and adaptation of tool. Following steps were adopted: (1) Cultural and linguistic validation, (2) content validity testing, (3) construct validity testing, and (4) internal validity testing. Sixty women diagnosed with GDM were selected for the purpose of this study. Results: The tool showed promising and satisfactory results. Of mention are the results related to Cronbach's alpha (0.82). The exploratory factor analysis showed three factors that fit the data satisfactorily. Conclusions: This study provided evidence for the reliability and validity of the Hindi Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities instrument, which may be used in the future to assess diabetes self-management activities among the pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus among Hindi-speaking population.
Absolute single and multiple charge exchange cross sections for highly charged C, O, and Ne ions on H2O, CO, and CO2

Reported herein are measured absolute single, double, and triple charge exchange (CE) cross sections for the highly charged ions (HCIs) C{sup q+} (q=5,6), O{sup q+} (q=6,7,8), and Ne{sup q+} (q=7,8) colliding with the molecular species H{sub 2}O, CO, and CO{sub 2}. Present data can be applied to interpreting observations of x-ray emissions from comets as they interact with the solar wind. As such, the ion impact energies of 7.0q keV (1.62-3.06 keV/amu) are representative of the fast solar wind, and data at 1.5q keV for O{sup 6+} (0.56 keV/amu) on CO and CO{sub 2} and 3.5q keV for O{sup 5+} (1.09 keV/amu) on CO provide checks of the energy dependence of the cross sections at intermediate and typical slow solar wind velocities. The HCIs are generated within a 14 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source. Absolute CE measurements are made using a retarding potential energy analyzer, with measurement of the target gas cell pressure and incident and final ion currents. Trends in the cross sections are discussed in light of the classical overbarrier model (OBM), extended OBM, and with recent results of the classical trajectory Monte Carlo theory.
Interleukin-6 and Macular Edema: A Review of Outcomes with Inhibition

This paper describes the current literature on the molecular pathophysiology of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the genesis of macular edema and on the outcomes with IL-6 inhibitors in the treatment of non-infectious macular edema. The role of IL-6 in the development of macular edema has been well elucidated. IL-6 is produced by multiple cells of the innate immune system and leads to a higher likelihood of developing autoimmune inflammatory diseases, such as non-infectious uveitis, through a variety of mechanisms. These include increasing the helper T-cell population over the regulatory T-cell population and leading to the increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In addition to being key in the generation of uveitis and subsequent macular edema through these inflammatory pathways, IL-6 also can lead to the development of macular edema through other pathways. IL-6 induces the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and facilitates vascular leakage by downregulating tight junction proteins in retinal endothelial cells. Clinically, the use of IL-6 inhibitors has been found to be efficacious primarily in the context of treatment-resistant non-infectious uveitis and secondary macular edema. IL-6 is a key cytokine in retinal inflammation and macular edema. It is thus not surprising that the use of IL-6 inhibitors in treatment-resistant macular edema in the setting of non-infectious uveitis has been well documented as an effective treatment option. The use of IL-6 inhibitors in macular edema secondary to non-uveitic processes has only begun to be explored.
Reproductive Health Practices in Spanish Women Who Underwent Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy

Abstract Background: The incidence of Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy (VTP) is an important indicator of unplanned pregnancies and the differences in the functioning of contraceptive services and the effectiveness of their use. Its analysis is essential for monitoring the well-being of women and their partners. Our aim was to analyse the socio-demographic profile of women who request voluntary termination of pregnancy in the province of Salamanca, as well as their satisfaction with the intervention and its influence on their contraceptive methods. Methods: An intervention study (before-after) designed without a control group, including all women requesting a voluntary termination of pregnancy through the Salamanca Public Health System. Socio-demographic and reproductive health variables were used. After the termination of pregnancy, a satisfaction survey and analysis of consequences were carried out. Results: A total of 176 surveys were obtained. Women who underwent VTP in Salamanca were between 20 and 25 years old, had secondary education but were still studying or working, lived alone and had no children. The most commonly used contraceptive method was the condom (55%), followed by the pill (25%). The most frequent reason for termination of pregnancy was economic (47.7%). The abortion entailed a significant change in contraception. Whereas before the abortion only 34% used a hormonal method, 66% were willing to use one afterwards (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Reproductive health education needs to be improved so that couples use reliable contraceptive methods appropriately. Although women are generally satisfied with the care received during abortion, they would prefer better accessibility to the procedure and more comprehensive information about the process from a neutral stance.
High-order 2MASS galaxy correlation functions: probing the Gaussianity of the primordial density field

We use the 2 Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) extended source catalogue to determine area-averaged angular correlation functions, ω p , to high orders (p ≤ 9). The main sample used contains 650745 galaxies below an extinction-corrected magnitude of K s = 13.5 and limited to |b| > 10° and represents an order of magnitude increase in solid angle over previous samples used in such analysis (≈34 000 deg 2 ). The high-order correlation functions are used to determine the projected and real-space hierarchical amplitudes, s p = ω p /ω p-1 2 and S p = ξ p /ξ 2 p-1 . For p < 6 these parameters are found to be quite constant over a wide range of scales to r ≈ 40 h -1 Mpc, consistent with a Gaussian form to the primordial distribution of density fluctuations which has evolved under the action of gravitational instability. We test the sensitivity of our results to the presence of rare fluctuations in the local galaxy distribution by cutting various regions of overdensity from the main sample; unlike previous analyses, we find that at least for p ≤ 4, the high-order clustering statistics are relatively robust to the removal of the largest superclusters. Since we probe well into the linear regime we are able to make direct comparisons with perturbation theory. We therefore examine the consistency of our constraints on the K s band Sp parameters with non-Gaussian initial conditions. We are able to rule out strong non-Gaussianity in the primordial density field, as might be seeded by topological defects such as cosmic strings or global textures, producing relations of the form ξ p ∝ ξ p/2 2 , at the 2-3σ confidence level.
Performance of Aerosol Boxes for Endotracheal Intubation during the COVID-19 Pandemic with Systematic Review

Introduction: In the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, endotracheal intubation using an aerosol box (AB) became the norm in the emergency department (ED) and the intensive care unit. We compared two models of AB with different dimensions to compare and identify a device that helps in reducing viral exposure without compromising successful airway management. Methods: We conducted this prospective observational study for 7 months (October 20-April 21) on 143 patients presenting with an acute airway compromise to the ED. All intubations were performed using one of the two models available. The primary outcome was time taken for intubation (TTI). Results: The overall median time taken to intubate using any AB was 63 (interquartile range [IQR]: 46.2-87.7) s with an 81.9% first-pass success (FPS) rate. TTI for AB I was 67 (IQR: 53-106) s with a 76.3% FPS rate, while TTI for AB II was 57 (IQR: 44-75) s with an 85.9% FPS rate. TTI was much shorter without the use of an AB (34: IQR: 24-53 s) with a 92% FPS rate. Intubations done by emergency physicians with more than 2 years of experience were faster in both with or without AB when compared to intubations done by physicians with <2 years of experience. Conclusion: The use of an AB is associated with a longer TTI when compared to intubations done without an AB. TTI was relatively shorter when more experienced emergency physicians performed intubation. FPS rates were low with intubations done using AB.
Towards POI-based large-scale land use modeling: spatial scale, semantic granularity, and geographic context

ABSTRACT The combination of spatial distribution, semantic characteristics, and sometimes temporal dynamics of POIs inside a geographic region can capture its unique land use characteristics. Most previous studies on POI-based land use modeling research focused on one geographic region and select one spatial scale and semantic granularity for land use characterization. There is a lack of understanding on the impact of spatial scale, semantic granularity, and geographic context on POI-based land use modeling, particularly large-scale land use modeling. In this study, we developed a scalable POI-based land use modeling framework and examined the impact of these three factors on POI-based land use characterization using data from three geographic regions. We developed a unified semantic representation framework for POI semantics that can help fuse heterogeneous POI data sources. Then, by combining POIs with a neural network language model, we developed a spatially explicit approach to learn the embedding representation of POIs and AOIs. We trained multiple supervised classifiers using AOI embeddings as input features to predict AOI land use at different semantic granularities. The classification performance of different land use classes was analyzed and compared across three geographic regions to identify the semantic representativeness of POI-based AOI embedding and the impact of geographic context.
Ejecta Detection in Middle-Aged Large Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnants 0548–70.4 and 0534–69.9

We have observed supernova remnants 0548-70.4 and 0534-69.9 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory and report on the X-ray spectral analysis. Our images of 0548-70.4 and 0534-69.9 show bright central regions as well as brightened limbs. The X-ray spectra from the central regions exhibit enhanced metal abundances, in significant contrast to limb spectra, which show abundances consistent with the LMC interstellar medium (ISM). Considering the relatively old ages (~10,000 yr), these supernova remnants might be assumed to be in the Sedov phase, in which the X-ray spectra would be dominated by swept-up ISM material. The detection of high abundances in these old remnants is therefore surprising. Spectra from the limb regions were analyzed with Sedov models. The results were then used to account for blast wave emission seen in projection toward the central region and were added to a plane-parallel shock model for the reverse shock in the ejecta. We find elevated levels of iron, oxygen, magnesium, silicon, and sulfur in the bright central regions of each remnant. We introduce a new X-ray spectral shock model appropriate for heavy-element-dominated plasmas, in which electrons liberated by successive ionizations dominate the electron pool and modify the electron temperature profile. With this model, we find reverse-shock speeds of 420 km s-1 for 0548-70.4, 500 km s-1 for the northeast central region of 0534-69.9, and 360 km s-1 for its south central region. The elemental abundances favor a Type Ia supernova origin for both 0548-70.4 and 0534-69.9.
Electrical Remodeling in Right Ventricular Failure Due to Pulmonary Hypertension: Unraveling Novel Therapeutic Targets

Arrhythmias in the setting of right-ventricular (RV) remodeling contribute to majority of deaths in patients with pulmonary hypertension. However, the underlying mechanism of electrical remodeling remains elusive, especially ventricular arrhythmias. Here, we analyzed the RV transcriptome of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients with compensated RV or decompensated RV and identified 8 and 45 differentially expressed genes known to be involved in regulating the electrophysiological properties of excitation and contraction of cardiac myocytes, respectively. Transcripts encoding voltage-gated Ca2+ and Na+ channels were notably decreased in PAH patients with decompensated RV, along with significant dysregulation of KV and Kir channels. We further showed similarity of the RV channelome signature with two well-known animal models of PAH, monocrotaline (MCT)- and Sugen-hypoxia (SuHx)-treated rats. We identified 15 common transcripts among MCT, SuHx, and PAH patients with decompensated RV failure. In addition, data-driven drug repurposing using the channelome signature of PAH patients with decompensated RV failure predicted drug candidates that may reverse the altered gene expression. Comparative analysis provided further insight into clinical relevance and potential preclinical therapeutic studies targeting mechanisms involved in arrhythmogenesis.
Mo2CT x MXene supported nickel-iron alloy: an efficient and stable heterostructure to boost oxygen evolution reaction

A polyol-assisted solvothermal route is used to synthesize Ni x Fe y nanoalloys supported on a highly electron conductive 2D transition metal Mo2CT x MXene. Structural, morphological and chemical characteristics of the materials are determined using several physicochemical techniques. The MXene support allows not only the formation of a nanostructured metallic Ni x Fe y nanoalloys, but also favors the interfacial charge transfer for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The Ni x Fe y @Mo2CT x material with a Ni/Fe ratio of 2.66 leads to the outstanding activity for the OER with an amazingly low Tafel slope value of 34 mV dec−1 and a current density of 10 mA.cm−2 at a potential of only 1.50 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). In situ Raman experiments show that β-NiOOH formed by oxidation of the nanoalloys under positive scan, likely containing a very small amount of Fe, is the active phase for the OER. This material exhibits also an excellent stability over 168 h in a 5 M KOH electrolyte. Transmission electron microscopy -electron energy-loss spectroscopy analyses after 100 voltammetric cycles between 0.2 and 1.55 V vs. RHE evidence for the first time that the MXene support is not fully oxidized in the first cycle. Also, oxyhydroxide layer formed in the OER potential region at the surface of the Ni x Fe y nanoparticles can be reversibly reduced.
Masticatory Efficiency in Orthodontic Patients with Craniofacial Disorder

This study evaluates the masticatory efficiency in patients with craniofacial disorders (CD) compared to controls (C). A total of 119 participants (7–21 years), divided into CD group (n = 42, mean age 13.45 ± 5.2 years) and C group (n = 77, mean age 14.3 ± 3.27 years) under an orthodontic treatment were included. Masticatory efficiency was assessed using a standard food model test. The masticated food was examined according to its number of particles (n) and area (mm2), wherein a higher number of particles alongside a smaller area was an indication of better masticatory efficiency. Additionally, the influence of cleft formation, chewing side, dentition stage, age and sex were evaluated. Patients with CD chewed the standardized food in fewer particles (nCD = 61.76 vs. nC = 84.58), with a significantly higher amount of area than the controls (ACD = 192.91 mm2 vs. AC = 146.84 mm2; p = 0.04). In conclusion, patients with CD showed a significantly decreased mastication efficiency compared to healthy patients. Factors such as stage of cleft formation, chewing side, dentition stage and age showed an influence on masticatory efficiency, whereas no gender effect on the masticatory efficiency of CD patients was found.
Influence of gas flow rate and reactor length on NO removal using pulsed power

A short duration of 100-ns pulsed power has been used to remove nitric oxide (NO) in a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, and NO, simulating flue gases from a power station. The effects of the gas flow rate, the reactor length, and the pulse repetition rate on the percentage of NO removal and its energy efficiency are reported. The percentage of NO removal at a fixed gas flow rate increased with increasing pulse repetition rate due to the increased energy into the discharge. At a fixed pulse rate, the removal of NO increased with decreasing gas flow rate due to the increased residence time of the gas in the discharge reactor, thus facilitating the creation of increased radicals of O and N which then decreased NO. The energy removal efficiency of NO (in mol/kWh) decreased with increasing gas flow rate and increasing removal ratio of NO. The removal of NO increased with increasing energy density (J/I), input into the discharge at different reactor length.