Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High performance Graphene photodetectors decorat ed by semi-metal nanoparticles

Two-dimensiona1(2D) Graphene has receive d much research interest because of its special optical an d electronic characteristics. However, due to the atomic thickness, single-layer Graphene absorbs only 2.3% of the incident light in the visible and near-infrared regions, which restrict the practical application of Graphene in the field of photodetectors. The strong resonant absorption of plasmonic nanostructures can enhance the light-matter interaction, which is expected to enhance the photodetect ion performance of Graphene. Here, we propose and pre pare the Graphene photodetectors decorated by W$\mathrm{O}_{\mathrm{x}(\mathrm{x}\lt3)}$ semi-metal nanoparticles with the localized surface plasmonic effect (LSPR). The W$\mathrm{O}_{\mathrm{x}(\mathrm{x}\lt3)}$ semi-metal nanoparticles possess strong LSPR, and thus make the interaction between thin-layer Graphene and incident light greatly enhanced. The photoelectric performance of the Graphene photodetector is therefore significantly improved. The W$\mathrm{O}_{\mathrm{x}}-$Graphene composite structure based photodetectors under visible laser illumination exhibit highly photoresponsivity and detectivity. This obvious enhancement of photoelectric performance benefits predominately from t he hot electron transfer caused by the LSPR effect excite d via the semi-metal nanoparticles.
Consideration of Control-Loop Interaction in Transient Stability of Grid-Following Inverters using Bandwidth Separation Method

Grid-following inverters have been widely adopted as a grid interface for renewable energy resources, but ensuring their transient stability has been a growing challenge in part because of a lack of clarity on how interactions between the inverter’s various outer control loops impact transient response. In this paper, the nonlinear dynamics and transient stability of grid-following inverters are investigated, where not only the phase-locked loop (PLL) but also the DC-link voltage control (DVC) and the AC terminal voltage control (TVC) are taken into account. The use of bandwidth separation method is proposed, though which the original differential equations can be simplified, and their order can be reduced, providing that the separation between their bandwidths is sufficiently large. Analysis of the interaction between the DVC and the PLL is developed, proving that this interaction negatively impacts stability. Furthermore, optimal combinations of bandwidth of PLL and DVC are identified under various types of grid faults. The impact of TVC on transient stability is analyzed. All of the results and the conclusions drawn from them are verified by simulation.
Rethinking the Spatial Route Prior in Vision-and-Language Navigation

Vision-and-language navigation (VLN) is a trending topic which aims to navigate an intelligent agent to an expected position through natural language instructions. This work addresses the task of VLN from a previously-ignored aspect, namely the spatial route prior of the navigation scenes. A critically enabling innovation of this work is explicitly considering the spatial route prior under several different VLN settings. In a most information-rich case of knowing environment maps and admitting shortest-path prior, we observe that given an origin-destination node pair, the internal route can be uniquely determined. Thus, VLN can be effectively formulated as an ordinary classification problem over all possible destination nodes in the scenes. Furthermore, we relax it to other more general VLN settings, proposing a sequential-decision variant (by abandoning the shortest-path route prior) and an explore-and-exploit scheme (for addressing the case of not knowing the environment maps) that curates a compact and informative sub-graph to exploit. As reported by [34], the performance of VLN methods has been stuck at a plateau in past two years. Even with increased model complexity, the state-of-the-art success rate on R2R validation-unseen set has stayed around 62% for single-run and 73% for beam-search with model-ensemble. We have conducted comprehensive evaluations on both R2R and R4R, and surprisingly found that utilizing the spatial route priors may be the key of breaking above-mentioned performance ceiling. For example, on R2R validation-unseen set, when the number of discrete nodes explored is about 40, our single-model success rate reaches 73%, and increases to 78% if a Speaker model is ensembled, which significantly outstrips previous state-of-the-art VLN-BERT with 3 models ensembled.
Development of high-resolution cavity beam position monitors for use in low-latency feedback systems

The FONT beam-based, intra-train feedback system has been designed to provide beam position stabilisation in single-pass accelerators. A FONT feedback system utilising position information from three high-resolution cavity beam position monitors (BPMs) has been commissioned at the interaction point (IP) of the Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2) at KEK, Japan. The ultimate goal of the feedback in the IP region is to stabilise the lowemittance electron beam to the nanometre level. The operation, optimisation and resolution performance of this IP system forms the subject of this thesis. The IP feedback system makes use of beam position measurements from the BPMs to drive an upstream kicker and provide a local correction. The BPMs have a fast decay time of ∼25 ns to allow bunches within the beam train to be resolved. The operation of the IP BPMs, the noise floor, and position sensitivity to phase are discussed in detail. Attempts are made to diagnose an unwanted ∼60 MHz oscillation in the cavity signals, which is bunch charge-dependent and thus likely beam generated. The BPM resolution estimate was notably improved from 50 nm to 20 nm using waveform integration in analysis of the BPM signals. A multi-parameter fit was used to address inaccurate calibrations and charge-dependencies to achieve more consistent resolution performance and produce a best-ever resolution estimate for the BPMs of 17.5 ± 0.4 nm. A novel mode of IP beam position stabilisation using two BPMs as input to the feedback has been successfully demonstrated. The beam position was stabilised to 57 ± 4 nm, as measured at an independent BPM. Feedback performance was improved to this level by sampling the waveform to optimise bunch-to-bunch correlation. Analysis suggests correction capability could be enhanced by firmware waveform integration to achieve a measurable beam stabilisation of ∼40 nm in the future.
Overcurrent Relay Coordination Setting on Distribution Power System Using Grasshopper optimization Algorithm

Every electrical system, particularly those used in industrial settings, depends on the continuous availability of energy in order to preserve the industry’s ability to produce. The electrical fault will damage electrical equipment. The protection system functions to minimize and even eliminate faults quickly, selectively, and coordinatively in the interest of minimizing system damage and ensuring the uninterrupted supply of electricity. In particular, for overcurrent relays, time dial setting (TDS) is an important aspect that must be considered for protection coordination problems. TDS regulates the relay’s operation time to secure the electrical system. In general, manual computations are used to determine the value of TDS. The method of trial and error must be used to coordinate relays with one another in order to obtain the correct TDS value. This method has developed into an intelligent algorithm that can find a deal effectively and quickly, an algorithm is the grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA). This paper’s primary goal is to calculate TDS in overcurrent relay coordination with GOA while taking CTI of the primary and backup relays into consideration. Thus, GOA can accurately calculate the TDS value of relay coordination, such as the primary relay and backup relay working at 0.1 s and 0.3 s, while still adhering to the CTI limit of 0.2 s.
Effects of landscape spatial structure and composition on the settlement of the Eagle Owl Bubo Bubo in a Mediterranean habitat

We analysed the breeding density of a Mediterranean Eagle Owl Bubo bubo population and the characteri stics of the landscape surrounding the nest, in an attempt to identify the determinants of habitat preferences within a radius of 1000 m around each nest. A total of 59 nest site were identified (15 .3 ~ nest sites 100 km2 ; mean nearest neighbour distance 1770 m). Eleven variables were correlated with the presence of an Eagle Owl nest : three variables desc ribing the patch composition of the l andscape, three variables of landscape heterogenei ty, and five variables for minimum distance from landscape components . The comparison between the l andscape features surrounding the nest sites and the control plots (defining the whole l andscape structure) showed a significant difference . Openl ands and landscape heterogeneity around the nest are a key determinant for the settlement of the Eagle Owl.
Effect of Sub-Atmospheric Chemical Vapor Deposition SIO2 Film Deposition Process on Surface Chemistry Sensitivity

Sub-atmospheric chemical vapor deposition (SACVD) oxide films have sensitivity when deposited on different surfaces. By adjusting the process, the sensitivity can be enhanced or reduced. In this paper, the SACVD chamber was used to deposit undoped silicate glass (USG) films, and the film thickness was tested with an ellipsometer. Taking the bare Si surface as a control, and using plasma enhanced-TEOS (PE-TEOS), thermal silicon oxide and a structure wafer as the experimental surface, the thicknesses of the films on different surfaces were compared under a specific process. The single variable test (SVT) such as TEOS concentration, temperature and pressure were also carried out, and the influence trend of each parameter on the surface sensitivity was tested. Ultimately, the sensitivity of the surface can be enhanced or reduced by adjusting the process.
The Methods of Determining Temporal Direction Based on Asymmetric Information of the Optic Disc for Optimal Fovea Detection

Accurate localization of the fovea in fundus images is essential for diagnosing retinal diseases. Existing methods often require extensive data and complex processes to achieve high accuracy, posing challenges for practical implementation. In this paper, we propose an effective and efficient approach for fovea detection using simple image processing operations and a geometric approach based on the optic disc’s position. A key contribution of this study is the successful determination of the temporal direction by leveraging readable asymmetries related to the optic disc and its surroundings. We discuss three methods based on asymmetry conditions, including blood vessel distribution, cup disc inclination, and optic disc location ratio, for detecting the temporal direction. This enables precise determination of the optimal foveal region of interest. Through this optimized fovea region, fovea detection is achieved using straightforward morphological and image processing operations. Extensive testing on popular datasets (DRIVE, DiaretDB1, and Messidor) demonstrates outstanding accuracy of 99.04% and a rapid execution time of 0.251 s per image. The utilization of asymmetrical conditions for temporal direction detection provides a significant advantage, offering high accuracy and efficiency while competing with existing methods.
Transesophageal Endoscopic Therapies for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

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Measurement of single top quark production in the tau+jets channnel using boosted decision trees at D0

The top quark is the heaviest known matter particle and plays an important role in the Standard Model of particle physics. At hadron colliders, it is possible to produce single top quarks via the weak interaction. This allows a direct measurement of the CKM matrix element V{sub tb} and serves as a window to new physics. The first direct measurement of single top quark production with a tau lepton in the final state (the tau+jets channel) is presented in this thesis. The measurement uses 4.8 fb{sup -1} of Tevatron Run II data in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV acquired by the D0 experiment. After selecting a data sample and building a background model, the data and background model are in good agreement. A multivariate technique, boosted decision trees, is employed in discriminating the small single top quark signal from a large background. The expected sensitivity of the tau+jets channel in the Standard Model is 1.8 standard deviations. Using a Bayesian statistical approach, an upper limit on the cross section of single top quark production in the tau+jets channel is measured as 7.3 pb at 95% confidence level, and the cross section is measured as 3.4{sub -1.8}{sup +2.0} pb. The result of the single top quark production in the tau+jets channel is also combined with those in the electron+jets and muon+jets channels. The expected sensitivity of the electron, muon and tau combined analysis is 4.7 standard deviations, to be compared to 4.5 standard deviations in electron and muon alone. The measured cross section in the three combined final states is {sigma}(p{bar p} {yields} tb + X,tqb + X) = 3.84{sub -0.83}{sup +0.89} pb. A lower limit on |V{sub tb}| is also measured in the three combined final states to be larger than 0.85 at 95% confidence level. These results are consistent with Standard Model expectations.
Convex Reinforcement Learning in Finite Trials

Convex Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a recently introduced framework that generalizes the standard RL objective to any convex (or concave) function of the state distribution induced by the agent’s policy. This framework subsumes several applications of practical interest, such as pure exploration, imitation learning, and risk-averse RL, among others. However, the previous convex RL literature implicitly evaluates the agent’s performance over inﬁnite realizations (or trials), while most of the applications require excellent performance over a handful, or even just one, trials. To meet this practical demand, we formulate convex RL in ﬁnite trials, where the objective is any convex function of the empirical state distribution computed over a ﬁnite number of realizations. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive theoretical study of the setting, which includes an analysis of the importance of non-Markovian policies to achieve optimality, as well as a characterization of the computational and statistical complexity of the problem in various conﬁgurations.
E ﬃ cacy of Carbon Nanodots and Manganese Ferrite (MnFe 2 O 4 ) Nanoparticles in Stimulating Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Drought-Stressed Maize Inbred Lines

: Despite being the third most-consumed crop, maize ( Zea mays L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress. The predominant secondary metabolite in plants is phenolic acids, which scavenge reactive oxygen species to minimize oxidative stress under drought stress. Herein, the e ﬀ ect of carbon nanodots (CND) and manganese ferrite (MnFe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles (NP) on the drought stress tolerance of maize has been studied. The experimental results revealed that the highest leaf blade length (54.0 cm) and width (3.9 cm), root length (45.2 cm), stem diameter (11.1 mm), root fresh weight (7.0 g), leaf relative water content (84.8%) and chlorogenic (8.7 µg/mL), ca ﬀ eic (3.0 µg/mL) and syringic acid (1.0 µg/mL) contents were demonstrated by CND-treated (10 mg L − 1 ) inbred lines (GP5, HW19, HCW2, 17YS6032, HCW3, HCW4, HW7, HCW2, and 16S8068-9, respectively). However, the highest shoot length (71.5 cm), leaf moisture content (83.9%), shoot fresh weight (12.5 g), chlorophyll content (47.3), and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (34.1%) were observed in MnFe 2 O 4 NP-treated (300 mg L − 1 ) HF12, HW15, 11BS8016-7, HW15, HW12, and KW7 lines, respectively. The results indicate that CND and MnFe 2 O 4 NP can mitigate drought stress e ﬀ ects on di ﬀ erent accessions of the given population, as corroborated by improvements in growth and physio-biochemical traits among several inbred lines of maize.
Mortality from COVID-19 in Patients with COPD: A US Study in the N3C Data Enclave

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), emerged in late 2019 leading to a global pandemic. COVID-19, a cause of severe viral pneumonia, has resulted in over 2.6 million deaths worldwide and over 500,000 deaths in the United States as of February 2021. Observational research suggests that the risk of mortality increases with the presence of comorbidities: obesity, hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM), and chronic lung disease. Over the last 40 years in the United States, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become the fourth leading cause of death. Pneumonia is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization, intubation, and mortality in people with COPD. Patients with COPD may be susceptible to worse outcomes from COVID-19 pneumonia than patients without COPD. Given the increased vulnerability of this population, it is important to understand the risk of COVID-19 related mortality in people with COPD. The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) established the National COVID Cohort Collaboration (N3C), a partnership among 81 academic hubs to share COVID-19 clinical data from electronic health records as part of a platform for answering critical research questions. The N3C compiles data from patients who were tested for COVID-19, or who were symptomatic and highly suspected to have COVID-19. The data obtained from electronic health records include demographics, symptoms, lab test results, procedures, medications, medical conditions, and physical measurements. The data are placed in a cloud-based research environment maintained by NCATS. We used this novel tool to assess the risk of mortality following COVID-19 diagnosis in patients with COPD compared with patients without COPD.
Géochimie isotopique du lithium dans les basaltes : géochimie des MORBs du Pacifique Sud

Ce travail est constitue de deux volets independants qui s'interessent respectivement a la geochimie isotopique du lithium et a la variabilite geochimique des MORB du Pacifique sud. L'utilisation des isotopes du lithium en Sciences de la Terre est abordee dans un premier temps au travers de l'etude des laves de la Chaine des Puys. Les echantillons de cette serie volcanique intraplaque permettent d'apporter des contraintes sur les valeurs de la composition isotopique du Li dans la croute continentale inferieure et dans le manteau d'affinite HIMU sous le Massif Central. La deuxieme etude s'interesse au comportement du Li lors du refroidissement d'une lave. Pour cela, des analyses in situ de la composition isotopique du Li ont ete realise au travers de phenocristaux d'olivine d'un echantillon de picrite. Ces mesures ont permis de mettre en evidence un processus de fractionnement isotopique du a la diffusion du Li dans les cristaux. Le deuxieme volet de ce travail presente les resultats de la campagne oceanographique PACANTARCTIC2. L'analyse des rapports d'elements en traces et de la composition isotopique des isotopes radiogeniques (Sr, Nd, Pb et Hf) dans les basaltes collectes entre 53°S et 39°S le long de la dorsale Pacifique-Antarctique, permet d'etudier la variabilite des basaltes de dorsale loin de tout point-chaud. Cette etude mets en evidence differentes echelles d'heterogeneites geochimiques dans la source de ces MORB. Ces variations le long de l'axe correspondent aux differents types de segmentation de la dorsale.
Size structure and dynamics of the common shrubs in Omayed Biosphere reserve in the western Mediterranean coast of Egypt

The population structure of 15 common shrubby species of the Omayed Biosphere Reserve (Egypt) was evaluated in terms of size distribution. These species are 3 phanerophytes (Lycium europaeum, Phlomis floccosa and Thymelaea hirsuta) and 12 chamaephytes (Anabasis articulata, Artemisia herba-alba, Artemisia monosperma, Arthrocnemum macrostachyum Deverra tortuosa, Echiochilon fruticosum, Gymnocarpos decander, Haloc-nemum strobilaceum, Helianthemum lippii, Limoniastrum monopetalum, Noaea mucronata and Suaeda vera). The size estimations were used to classify the population of each species into 9 size classes: the first and second classes were chosen to represent the seedling and juvenile stages. The absolute and relative frequency of individuals and mean height, diameter and height to diameter ratio per individual in each size class were also determined. The present study indicated the size structures of the investigated species were belonged to 6 types of size distributions: more or less inverse J-shaped distribution (e.g. Halocnemum strobilaceum, Echio-chilon fruticosumand Helianthemum lippii), positively skewed distributions towards the small (i.e. young) individuals (e.g. Lycium europaeum, Arthrocnemum macrostachyum and Anabasis articulata), more or less J-shaped distribution (e.g. Noaea mucronata and Artemisia monosperma), approximately symmetrical (i.e. bell shaped) distribution (Phlomis floccosa), bimodal size distribution (e.g. Thymelaea hirsuta, Limoniastrum monopetalum and Suaeda vera) and more or less stationary size distribution (e.g. Gymnocarpos decander, Deverra tortuosa and Artemisia herbaalba).
, sex and

Cerebral beta-amyloid (A  ) accumulation is the earliest detectable pathophysiological event along the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum , therefore an accurate quantification of incipient A  abnormality is of great importance to identify preclinical AD. Both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) A  concentrations and Position Emission Tomography (PET) with specific tracers provide established biomarkers of A  pathology. Yet, they identify two different biological processes reflecting the clearance rate of soluble A  as opposed to the cerebral aggregation of insoluble A  fibrils. Studies have demonstrated high agreement between CSF and PET-based A  measurements on diagnostic and prognostic levels. However, an open question is whether risk factors known to increase AD prevalence may promote an imbalance between these biomarkers, leading to a higher cumulative A  cerebral aggregation for a given level of cleared A  in the CSF. Unveiling such interactions in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals shall provide novel insights into the biological pathways underlying A  aggregation in the brain and ultimately improve our knowledge on disease modelling. With this in mind, we assessed the impact of three major unmodifiable AD risk factors (age, APOE -  4 and sex) on the association between soluble and deposited A  in a sample of 293 middle-aged CU individuals who underwent both lumbar puncture and PET imaging using the [ 18 F]flutemetamol tracer. We looked for interactions between CSF A  42/40 concentrations and each of the assessed risk factors, in promoting A  PET uptake both in candidate regions of interest and in the whole brain. We found that, for any given level of CSF A  42/40, older age and female sex induced higher fibrillary plaque deposition in neocortical areas including the anterior, middle and posterior cingulate cortex. By contrast, the modulatory role of APOE -  4 was uniquely prominent in areas known for being vulnerable to early tau deposition, such as the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus bilaterally. Post hoc three-way interactions additionally proved evidence for a synergistic effect among the risk factors on the spatial topology of A  deposition as a function of CSF A  levels