Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Air Injection Method on the Airlift Pump Performance

With simple structure, excellent reliability, low cost, no restriction at depth of water, and easy control and operation, airlift pumps have special advantage in borehole hydraulic jet mining, river dredging and deep sea mining. To clarify the mechanism and process of action of air injection methods on air lift performance, and to enhance lifting capacity, the pump performance of a small airlift system in transporting river sands is investigated experimentally in the present study. The results are as the follows. The influences of air exit ports on water volume flow rate, mass flow rate of solids and lifting efficiency are studied and found to be very low when the number of air exit ports exceeds 3. The pump design show best pumping capability for water and solids at higher airflow rates, but the lifting efficiency is then very low. In addition, a dimensionless equation which describes the flows in the pipe is presented based on the Bernoulli equation, and compared with measurement results in the dimensionless form, which are nearly in good agreement with each other for all the arrangements of air exit ports and are basically contained within ±18% of the theoretical curve. The results are important for understanding the mechanism of airlift pumps and enriching multiphase flow theory.
Pilot Study for Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine with Seasonal Influenza and Pertussis Vaccines in Pregnant Women

Background: It is well known that the implementation of routine immunizations to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases has a significant impact on the health and well-being of infants, children, and pregnant women. We aimed to evaluate the influence of influenza, tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine on the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among pregnant women, the priority population recommended for vaccination. Methods: We conducted a prospective study among pregnant women without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in Taiwan. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples at delivery were analyzed for the percentage of inhibition of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the original strain, Delta, and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the total antibody to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We examined the association between different doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in combination with influenza and Tdap vaccination, and two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with or without influenza and Tdap vaccines via a two-sample t-test. Results of p < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: 98 pregnant women were enrolled in our study, with 32 receiving two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine, 60 receiving three-dose of mRNA-1273, and 6 receiving one-dose of ChAdOx1 and two-dose of mRNA-1273. Twenty-one participants were immunized with SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and Tdap vaccines. Of these 21 individuals, there were no significant NAbs levels in maternal and cord blood samples against the Omicron variant, regardless of doses or type of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, antibody responses against the wild-type and Delta variant were significantly lower in all maternal sera in the two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine group. Among 32 women receiving two-dose mRNA-1273, significantly lower levels of NAbs in maternal sera were observed against the Delta variant and total antibody both in maternal sera and cord blood were observed in individuals receiving SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccine. Conclusion: This is the pilot study to demonstrate the effects of influenza and the Tdap vaccine on the immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among pregnant women. These results suggest that combination vaccination during pregnancy may result in immunogenic interactions.
In situ x-ray diffraction of fast compressed iron: Analysis of strains and stress under non-hydrostatic pressure

Series of high-pressure x-ray diffraction patterns of iron and its high-pressure polymorphs were collected with 0.1–0.2-s exposure time utilizing a membrane diamond anvil cell (DAC) for compression at various loading and unloading rates to a maximum pressure of 70 GPa. Strain rates of 10−2 s−1 at a maximum pressurization rate of 4.1 GPa/s were achieved in non-hydrostatic compression of hcp Fe. Linewidth analysis was used to retrieve strain and uniaxial stress of Fe as a function of pressure upon both compression and decompression. Analysis of the lattice parameters ratio c/a of hcp Fe indicates the presence of complex non-hydrostatic stress states, which developed as a function of strain rate, relaxation time, and various levels of hydrostaticity. Our results emphasize the importance of a controlled pressurization in DACs because the experimental loading rate strongly influences the stress state of the sample, particularly on decompression. Our time-resolved x-ray diffraction of the phase transition from bcc Fe to hcp Fe reveals residual grains of bcc Fe capable of surviving to very high pressures (>35 GPa) for a few minutes after the transition.
The kinematics of the molecular gas in Centaurus A

The CO (2-1) emission along the inner dust lane of Centaurus A, observed with the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory on Mauna Kea, shows the molecular gas to be in a thin disk, with a velocity dispersion of only about 10 km s −1 . The observed line profiles are broadened considerably due to beam smearing of the gas velocity field. The profile shapes are inconsistent with planar circular and noncircular motion. However, a warped disk in a prolate potential provides a good fit to the profile shapes. The morphology and kinematics of the molecular gas is similar to that of the ionized material, seen in Hα
Teachers’ Challenges in Teaching English to Young Learners in Rural Area

It is believed that rural education has unique challenges compared to urban and suburban areas, particularly in teaching English to young learners. Problems that often occur are related to educational inequality for those who live in rural areas, such as unqualified teachers, limited educational facilities, or lack of parental support. This study aims to identify the challenges faced by English teachers and their strategies in teaching English to young students in rural areas. This qualitative research used direct observation in the classroom and interviews with the English teacher an elementary school in Ponorogo. The findings showed that (1) learning English in remote areas was constrained by the status of English as a local content that created less supportive conditions for teachers to teach English; (2) most of the teachers came from non-English educational backgrounds, which affected their competence; (3) the learning curriculum was not in accordance with the existing learning conditions; and (4) the socioeconomic status of parents had a significant effect on students' motivation and achievement in learning English. Therefore, English teachers in rural areas need to use various strategies to address the mentioned problems.
Determination of the nematic alignment and anchoring strength at the curved nematic–air interface

A new method has been developed to determine the surface anchoring strength W and the tilt θt of the nematic director from the normal to a curved nematic–air interface. This method is based on the comparison of interference textures obtained by polarization microscopy experiments to numerical simulations of nematic liquid crystals within partially filled cylindrical tubes enforcing homeotropic anchoring. For the nematic liquid-crystal mixture ZLI 2860, we obtain θt=7°±1°, W=(1.5±0.5)×10−6 J/m2 at the nematic–tube and W>10−5 J/m2 at the nematic–air interface.
Admissible polyhedra for discrete-time linear systems with saturating controls

Polyhedral domains of asymptotic stability and nonlinear behavior for discrete-time linear system subject to input saturation are studied. From a polytopic representation of the saturated system, conditions to positive invariance, contractivity and asymptotic stability inside polyhedral sets are formulated. A methodology based on linear programming schemes is thus proposed to determine such domains.
Development and Characterization of Phage Display-Derived Monoclonal Antibodies to the S2 Domain of Spike Proteins of Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2 and Multiple Variants

The rapid emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has resulted in the ongoing global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Thus, the rapid development of a platform to detect a broad range of SARS-CoV-2 variants is essential for successful COVID-19 management. In this study, four SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) were isolated from a synthetic antibody library using phage display technology. Following the conversion of these scFvs into monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (K104.1–K104.4) and production and purification of the mAbs, the antibody pair (K104.1 and K104.2) that exhibited the highest binding affinity (K104.1 and K104.2, 1.3 nM and 1.9 nM) was selected. Biochemical analyses revealed that this antibody pair specifically bound to different sites on the S2 subunit of the spike protein. Furthermore, we developed a highly sensitive sandwich immunoassay using this antibody pair that accurately and quantitatively detected the spike proteins of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and multiple variants, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Kappa, and Omicron, in the picomolar range. Conclusively, the novel phage display-derived mAbs we have developed may be useful for the rapid and efficient detection of the fast-evolving SARS-CoV-2.
A Nonlinear heat equation with singular diffusivity

The Cauchy problem for the nonlinear heat equation is known to admit a unique weak solution u ∊ c([0,∞) ; L1(IR)) for every nonnegatie u0 ∊ L1(IR) if the parameter m is positive. It has recently been proved that for m≤–1, no solution of (P) in IR∗(0,T), T>0, can have finite mass, i.e. u(.,t) ∊ L1(IR), at any t ∊ (0,T). We show existence of a finite mass solution in the remaining range 0≤m<–1. Uniqueness is not true in general; it happens that our solution is in fact the maximal solution and can be uniquely characterized through a number of different and simple criteria. The results are then extended to treat nonnegative initial data in
A Resource-Efficient Cross-Domain Sensing Method for Device-Free Gesture Recognition With Federated Transfer Learning

Emerging Wi-Fi sensing technologies and applications make indoor ubiquitous sensing possible. Deep learning empowered Wi-Fi sensing model enables detection, recognition automatically, without being explicitly programmed. Due to indoor sensing privacy and ubiquitous sensing ability concerns, it is absolutely necessary to conduct in-depth research on Wi-Fi sensing security training and cross-domain sensing issues. To address them, in this paper, we propose to learn domain independent features, distributed model training and localized inference based on federated transfer learning. Moreover, several efficient methods are proposed to provide a distributed edge Wi-Fi sensing scheme with sensing data privacy protection, costing less time, communication, computing and energy resources. We implement the proposed framework and conduct experiments with Widar3.0 datasets to evaluate its performance. The results demonstrate that our framework performs better for cross-domain Wi-Fi sensing while preserving user data privacy and saving resources.
Structure of the Reynolds stress near the wall

Experimental studies of the flow field near the wall in a turbulent boundary layer using hot-wire probes are reported. Measurements of the product uv are studied using the technique of conditional sampling with a large digital computer to single out special events (bursting) when large contributions to turbulent energy and Reynolds stress occur. The criterion used to determine when the product uv is sampled is that the streamwise velocity at the edge of the sublayer should have attained a certain value. With this simple criterion we find that 60% of the contribution to $\overline{uv}$ is produced when the sublayer velocity is lower than the mean. This result is true at both low, Rθ = 4230, and high, Rθ = 38 000, Reynolds numbers. With a more strict sampling criterion, that the filtered sublayer velocity at two side-by-side points should be simultaneously low and decreasing, individual contributions to $\overline{uv}$ as large as 62 $\overline{uv}$ have been identified. Additional measurements using correlations between truncated u and v signals reveal that the largest contributions to the Reynolds stress and turbulent energy occur when u < 0, v > 0 during an intense bursting process and the remainder of the contributions occur during a less intense recovery process. Thus, contributions to the turbulent energy production and Reynolds stress at a point near the wall are of relatively large magnitude, short duration and occur intermittently. A rough measure of the intermittency factor for uv at a point near the wall is 0·55 since 99% of the contribution to $\overline{uv}$ is made during only 55% of the total time.
A benchmark analysis of data‐driven and geometric approaches for robot ego‐motion estimation

In the last decades, ego‐motion estimation or visual odometry (VO) has received a considerable amount of attention from the robotic research community, mainly due to its central importance in achieving robust localization and, as a consequence, autonomy. Different solutions have been explored, leading to a wide variety of approaches, mostly grounded on geometric methodologies and, more recently, on data‐driven paradigms. To guide researchers and practitioners in choosing the best VO method, different benchmark studies have been published. However, the majority of them compare only a small subset of the most popular approaches and, usually, on specific data sets or configurations. In contrast, in this work, we aim to provide a complete and thorough study of the most popular and best‐performing geometric and data‐driven solutions for VO. In our investigation, we considered several scenarios and environments, comparing the estimation accuracies and the role of the hyper‐parameters of the approaches selected, and analyzing the computational resources they require. Experiments and tests are performed on different data sets (both publicly available and self‐collected) and two different computational boards. The experimental results show pros and cons of the tested approaches under different perspectives. The geometric simultaneous localization and mapping methods are confirmed to be the best performing, while data‐driven approaches show robustness with respect to nonideal conditions present in more challenging scenarios.
The effect of weak inertia on flow through a porous medium

Using the theory of homogenization we examine the correction to Darcy's law due to weak convective inertia of the pore fluid. General formulae are derived for all constitutive coefficients that can be calculated by numerical solution of certain canonical cell problems. For isotropic and homogeneous media the correction term is found to be cubic in the seepage velocity, hence remains small even for Reynolds numbers which are not very small. This implies that inertia, if it is weak, is of greater importance locally than globally. Existing empirical knowledge is qualitatively consistent with our conclusion since the linear law of Darcy is often accurate for moderate flow rates.
Finding viscosity of liquids from Brownian motion at students' laboratory

Brownian motion appears to be a good subject for investigation at advanced students' laboratory [1]. The paper presents such an investigation carried out in Physics Laboratory II at the Institute of Experimental Physics of Wroclaw University. The experiment has been designed to find viscosity of liquids from Brownian motion phenomenon. Authors use modern technology that helps to proceed with measurements and makes the procedure less time and effort consuming. Discussion of the process of setting up the experiment and the results obtained for three different solutions of glycerin in water are presented. Advantages and disadvantages of the apparatus are pointed out along with descriptions of possible future uses.
Interior hybrid proximal extragradient methods for the linear monotone complementarity problem

We present new infeasible path-following methods for linear monotone complementarity problems based on Auslender, Teboulle and Ben-Tiba’s log-quadratic barrier functions. The central paths associated with these barriers are always well defined and, for those problems which have a solution, convergent to a pair of complementary solutions. Starting points in these paths are easy to compute. The theoretical iteration-complexity of these new path-following methods is derived and improved by a strategy which uses relaxed hybrid proximal-extragradient steps to control the quadratic term. Encouraging preliminary numerical experiments are presented.
Validation of the Arabic Version of the Transition Planning Inventory (TPI-AR)

The Transition Planning Inventory (TPI) is an important tool for planning the transition to life after school for students with disabilities. While interest in transition services has increased in the last decade in the Arab region, no transition assessment tools validated for the Arab population are currently available. This study is the first to validate an Arabic version (TPI-AR) for all three rating forms (student, home, and school) and examine its psychometric properties. The sample comprised 203 students with disabilities, a member of their family, and one of their teachers. The 11 subscales of TPI-AR for all three forms were found reliable and valid to be used with students with disabilities in Saudi Arabia, particularly in middle and high schools.
Robust H 2 and H ∞ control of discrete-time systems with polytopic uncertainties via dynamic output feedback

This paper addresses the problem of robust H 2 and H ∞ control of discrete linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with polytopic uncertainties via dynamic output feedback. The problem has been known to be difficult when a parameter dependent Lyapunov function is to be applied for a less conservative design due to non-convexity. Our approach is based on a novel bounding technique that converts the non-convex optimization into a convex one together with a line search, which is simple but may be conservative. To further reduce the design conservatism, an algorithm based on the sequentially linear programming method (SLPMM) is proposed. A numerical example is given which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed design methods.
Pre‐Eruptive Evolution and Timescales of Silicic Volcanism in the Tarim Large Igneous Province

The widespread (∼48,000 km2) coexisting crystal‐rich monotonous intermediates (trachydacites) and crystal‐poor high‐silica rocks (rhyolites, ignimbrites) in the Tarim Large Igneous Province (T‐LIP) offer a rare opportunity to explore pre‐eruptive timescales and evolutionary patterns of different silicic magmas in LIPs. We combined information from petrography, geochemistry, crystal kinetics, and diffusion chronometry of felsic rocks from nine boreholes to investigate their pre‐eruptive history. The complex reverse Ti zoning patterns in quartz corresponding to temperature variations over 100°C, lognormal crystal size distributions, high‐Ti rims with faster growth rates, variable pressures, and Nd isotopic modeling, indicate silicic magmas in T‐LIP might have witnessed a universal evolutionary pattern of periodic recharge and rejuvenation, coarsening, and cooling and crystallization in magma chambers at different crustal levels, which we term here as RRCCC model. The uniform composition and crystallinity of trachydacites might result from latent heat buffering, and their eruption was triggered by melt‐induced fracturing. The chemical and thermal gradients preserved in rhyolites were generated by thermally variable magma inputs and extensive fractionation at different pressures. Co‐existence of these two types of rocks was controlled by interaction between mantle plume impingement and re‐melting of hydrous crust built up by early subduction. The best‐fitting Ti‐in‐quartz diffusion curves obtained by Neural Networks indicate that magma residence time lasted for ∼106 years, and eruption was triggered within ∼105 years after the last recharge event.
Elastic surface—substrate interactions

A theory for three–dimensional finite deformations of elastic solids with conforming elastic films attached to their bounding surfaces is described. The Gurtin–Murdoch theory incorporating elastic resistance of the film to strain is generalized to account for the effects of intrinsic flexural resistance. This modification yields a model that can be used to describe equilibrium deformations in the presence of compressive–surface stress fields. An associated variational theory is given and material symmetry considerations are discussed. The theory is illustrated by examples.
Sustainable Extraction Methods Affect Metabolomics and Oxidative Stability of Myrtle Seed Oils Obtained from Myrtle Liqueur By-Products: An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Mass Spectrometry Approach

Myrtle liqueur production generates high amounts of by-products that can be employed for the extraction of bioactive compounds. Bio-based, non-toxic and biodegradable solvents (ethyl acetate and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran), and a mechanical extraction were applied to myrtle seeds, by-products of the liqueur production, to extract oils rich in phenolic compounds. The oils obtained were characterized for yield, peroxide value (PV), lipid composition, and total phenolic concentration (TPC). The phenolic profile of the oils, determined by LC-MS, the antioxidant activity, and the oxidative stability were also analyzed. A validated UHPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS analytical method in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was applied to quantify myricetin and its main derivatives in myrtle oils. The results pointed out clear differences among extraction methods on myricetin concentration. The oxidative stability of myrtle oils was studied with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy highlighting the effect of the extraction method on the oxidation status of the oils and the role of phenolic compounds in the evolution of radical species over time. A principal component analysis applied to LC-MS data highlighted strong differences among phenolic profiles of the oils and highlighted the role of myricetin in the oxidative stability of myrtle oils. Myrtle oil, obtained from the by-products of myrtle liqueur processing industry, extracted with sustainable and green methods might have potential application in food or cosmetic industries.
Stable Boundary Layer in Complex Terrain. Part I: Linking Fluxes and Intermittency to an Average Stability Index

AbstractAverage heat and momentum fluxes observed by a network of surface stations during the Hudson Valley Ambient Meteorology Study (HVAMS) were found as functions of a spatially representative bulk Richardson number Ribr. Preferential sites were identified for the occurrence of strong turbulence under mesoscale stability conditions common to all stations. Locally sensed turbulence intermittency depends on the mesoscale flow stability. Nearly continuous turbulence with few long-lived intermittent events occurs when Ribr < Ricr, the critical gradient Richardson number. Less-continuous mixing associated with a larger number of events occurs when Ricr < Ribr < 5, with the weakest turbulence and fewer events observed for Ribr ≫ Ricr. It was found that the need to allow for extra mixing above the conventional critical bulk Richardson number in numerical weather prediction models is primarily a consequence of spatial averaging in a heterogeneous landscape and is secondarily the result of turbulence above Ricr.