Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The action potential duration and repolarization of the human ventricle and its relation to the body surface ECG

Repolarization dispersion has been associated with increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia in animal studies, but whether it is present in humans and how its manifests on the surface ECG is unknown. This thesis aimed to bridge the gap between our basic cellular and intracardiac understanding of cardiac electrical activity with the surface ECG focusing specifically on cardiac repolarization and the surface ECG. Restitution studies in humans with structurally normal and abnormal hearts were performed, looking at transmural and regional gradients of repolarization. The data were then analysed to assess the association of intracardiac repolarization with the surface T-wave. Finally a novel non-invasive ECG (ECGI) was used to study the electrical substrate in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). In normal human heart restitution studies epicardial APD was shorter than endocardial APD, with smaller differences in the apicobasal orientation. It was found that, local repolarization times in the right and left ventricle occur along the upslope of the body surface T-wave in leads V1-V3 and V5,V6 and Lead-I respectively; and the difference between the end of the upslope in V1 and V6 provides a good representation of right to left dispersion of repolarization. In patients with structurally abnormal hearts myocardial scar, regardless of pathology, resulted in prolonged APD compared to normal healthy tissue diminishing transmural gradients of APD and resulting in localised transmural dispersion of repolarization. Finally ECGI characterised the electrophysiological substrate in ARVC, demonstrating prolonged APD in these patients compared to control patients. ECGI was able to demonstrate the presence of electrophysiological changes before changes were visible on cardiac MRI. In conclusion, this work shows that APD gradients are present in the intact human heart, and can be demonstrated both using contact electrophysiological mapping and on methods that incorporate the body surface ECG.
Breast feeding assessment in early neonatal period

Background: Breast feeding will have a profound impact on child’s survival, health, nutrition and development. Optimal breastfeeding practices can save lives of more than 1.5 million under five children every year. Therefore, adequate breast feeding in new-borns is important for proper growth & development. The objective of the study was to assess the breast feeding adequacy for early neonates using the UNICEF breastfeeding assessment tool and to provide early and appropriate intervention for breast feeding inadequacy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the post natal wards of 2 hospitals i.e., Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital and Corporation Referral Hospital, Bangalore, India. 234 mothers and infants were included in the study. Breast feeding assessment was done using UNICEF assessment tool and appropriate intervention was provided. Results: The present study showed that 12.2% and 6.4% of mothers from KIMS and corporation referral hospital respectively had inadequate breast feeding. All the mothers were given health education regarding correct feeding practices. Conclusions: UNICEF breast feeding assessment tool is an easy and good indicator to assess the breast feeding in early neonates. Assessment of breast feeding during early neonatal period is essential to intervene at the earliest possible, if there are any problems with regards to milk secretion, feeding and sucking practices.
Behavioral and Anti-inflammatory Effects of MAGL Inhibition in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Arthritis

Behavioral and Anti-inflammatory Effects of MAGL Inhibition in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Arthritis Floyd F. Steele Cannabinoids have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. For example, in preclinical models of acute inflammatory pain, cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 (i.e., CB2, Table 1) agonists decrease paw inflammation and resulting pain. Yet, the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoid receptor manipulation in chronic inflammatory pain states are unknown. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the primary catabolic enzyme of the endocannabinoid (i.e., endogenous cannabinoid ligand) 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (i.e., 2-AG). Compounds that inhibit MAGL indirectly increase tissue levels of 2-AG by preventing its catabolism. MAGL inhibitors demonstrate efficacy in acute models of inflammatory/rheumatic disease. Thus, in this study, the MAGL inhibitor JZL184 was tested in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. Behavioral, morphological, and immunological signs of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were quantified. JZL184 dose-dependently attenuated arthritis-induced paw swelling, per clinical scoring and paw thickness measurement. Consistent with the decreased paw swelling, JZL184 attenuated functional deficits associated with inflammatory arthritis in both a doseand assay-dependent manner. The selective CB2 antagonist SR144528 was used to determine the necessity of CB2 activation, as an indirect mechanism for MAGL inhibition via JZL184. Paw tissue from mice subjected to CIA showed increased myeloperoxidase levels, indicating neutrophil activation by CIA. While no differences were detected in paw cytokine or chemokine levels, paw cytokines were correlated positively with paw thickness. Thus, MAGL inhibition attenuates behavioral and immune effects of inflammatory arthritis, likely via a mechanism that requires CB2 receptor activation.
Fatty acids as biomarkers for health status and nutritional intake: focus on dairy and fish

The main goal of this thesis was to explore commonly (C14:0, C15:0, C17:0 and Trans-C16:1(n-7)) and less commonly (Trans-C18:1(n-7) and Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)) investigated fatty acid biomarkers for dairy and dairy fat intake in the general population. We therefore developed a new method, with which we would be able to measure all potential biomarkers. We also explored whether the association between dairy fat biomarkers and dairy fat intake was independent of fish fat intake, since it has been suggested that C15:0 and C17:0 might also be biomarkers for fish intake. It appeared that C14:0, C15:0, C17:0, trans-C16:1(n-7), trans-C18:1(n-7) and CLA are useful biomarkers of dairy fat intake for the general population. Moreover, we found that a combination of commonly and less commonly fatty acids was the best predictor for dairy fat intake. Associations of dairy biomarkers with dairy fat intake were independent of fish fat. C15:0, trans-C18:1(n-7) and CLA were found to be inversely associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Literature shows that the marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are also inversely related to cardiovasclular risk factors. This thesis shows that this is might also be true in a renal transplant recipients. In contrast, in this population, the plant-derived omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid may be associated with an increased risk of mortality.
Otizmli Çocuklara Aşamalı Yardımla Çizelge Kullanım Becerilerinin Kazandırılmasında Tablet Bilgisayar Çizelge Programının Etkililiği

Tablet computers are frequently used in the education of children with autism. Studies show that educational activities involving tablet computers have positive effects on the acquisition of target skills by children with autism. In this research, the effectiveness of the use of tablet computers in teaching children with autism to use schedules was evaluated. Three male students of ages 5 to 7 diagnosed with autism participated in the research. A single-case multiple-probe-design-across-participants was used in the research. Independent variable of the research was the education provided via tablet computers using the graduated guidance technique, and the dependent variable was the acquisition of schedule-following skill. Follow-up and generalization data were collected on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days after the teaching sessions ended. Follow-up sessions were completed with 100% performance for all three subjects. Generalized correct responses were found 90% for one subject, and 100% for the other two. The results indicated that the subjects acquired, maintained, and generalized the schedule-following skills after the teaching sessions completed. In addition, the teachers of the subjects were asked their opinions about the application. These opinions that form the social validity data of the research support the research findings.
Resting Hormone Alterations and Injuries: Block vs “Daily Undulating Periodization” Weight-Training Among Division I Track And Field Athletes

INTRODUCTION: The development of “periodized” resistance training programs has resulted in several programming models of training each purporting to produce advances over more traditional models. “Daily undulating periodization” (DUP) programming models have been developed using daily changes in repetitions (and work). Heavy and light days are believed to be accomplished as a result of using loading differences (intensity) associated with different repetition schemes being used from day to day. It is thought that this type of alteration produces enhanced variation such that superior gains in strength and power, and overall performance are accomplished (Rhea et al. 2002). Block periodization (Block) consist of stages containing three “blocks”, Accumulation, Transmutation and Realization. Typically, each block last 3-4 weeks. Block depends upon “Phase Potentiation”, in which each individual block theoretically potentiates the next through residual effects. During accumulation, the focus is on higher volume and less specific training; alterations in aspects such as body composition work capacity, and basic strength are emphasized. Transmutation moves to more specific exercises with lower volume and somewhat higher intensities and can result in substantial increases in maximum strength for specific exercises. For strength-power athletes, Realization typically deals with power oriented task-specific exercises and typically involves a taper to reduce accumulated fatigue. Often a planned over-reaching phase is used in conjunction with the taper (Painter et al. 2012). A primary purpose of this study was to assess alterations in resting T, C, and the T:C ratio. Additionally, we assessed injuries across the 10-week training period in relation to the previously presented volume, intensity, and training efficiency data.
Comparison of Decision Tree and Logistic Regression for Prediction of Functional Dyspepsia and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Tehran Province Using Rome III

Background: Diﬀerentprocedurescanbeusedtodeveloppredictivemodelsformedicaldatawithbinaryresponse. Inthisstudy,we aimedtoprobetheprocessof developingcommonpredictivemodels,includingdecisiontree(DT)andlogisticregression(LR). Also, weinvestigatedhowtosetthemodelparameters,howtodevelopaccuratemodelseﬃciently,andhowtodeterminetheprediction eﬃciency. Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to ﬁnd the prevalence and risk factors associated with functional dyspepsia (FD) and gastroesophageal reﬂux disease (GRED) in a sample of the Iranian population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran, from May 2016 to December 2017, on 18,180 participants who were selected randomly and interviewed using a reliable questionnaire. Results: The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of DT and LR were 0.93 and 0.94 for GERD and 0.98 and 0.95 for FD, respectively. Generally, 63.8% and 37.2% of the participants had FD and GRED, respectively. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that men had a higher risk of FD than women. The prevalence of FD increased with increasing age. Conclusions: This study showed a low rate of FD and GERD among urban people of Tehran. Also, the prediction results of both models were approximately similar. Therefore, when we deal with multiple independent variables and a binary response variable in data from a large sample, more statistical techniques and strategies should be considered in developing a prediction model.
Auditory, visual and proprioceptive integration as a substrate of language development

Results: Auditory information is the first sensory stimulus to consider because, during the first year of life, the infant recognizes and discriminates environmental signals that correspond to language, followed by a peak in its acquisition and, subsequently, by a stage of maximum linguistic discrimination. Visual information allows correlating language with images since it acts as the substrate for the designation and understanding of words, as well as for interpretation and imitation of the emotional component in gesticulation. Proprioceptive information provides feedback on motor performance patterns used in language production.
The relationship between tumor cell density in the pretreatment biopsy and survival after chemotherapy in OE02 trial esophageal cancer patients.

49 Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (chemo) followed by surgery is the standard treatment for UK patients with resectable oesophageal cancer [OeC] since the OE02 trial (Allum et al. J. Clin. Oncol, 2009), yet some patients receive no benefit from chemo. We investigated whether tumour cell density (TCD) in the pre-chemo biopsy can predict patient benefit from chemo among OE02 patients. Methods: Hematoxylin and eosin stained diagnostic biopsy slides from 281 OE02 trial OeC patients reflective of the whole trial population based on patient characteristics and survival (70% adenocarcinoma, surgery alone: n=141; chemo followed by surgery: n=140) were digitized. TCD (percentage of epithelial tumor cells/viable tumor mass) was quantified by point counting and cut offs for overall survival analyses were identified. The relationship between TCD and clinicopathological data and its predictive value (heterogeneity of treatment effect) were assessed. Results: TCD ranged between 16-99% with 85% of cases in the 25-.
Prevalence of Disordered Eating and Muscle Dysmorphia in College Students by Predominant Exercise Type

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 989-1000, 2019. Many young adults experience distorted body image and decreased body satisfaction. To attain more “ideal” bodies, negative alterations in eating and/or exercise habits are common. This study’s objective was to compare disordered eating and muscle dysmorphia in undergraduates who participate in aerobic-, anaerobic-, or flexibility-predominant exercise; mixed exercise; or no exercise. One hundred twelve undergraduate students (age 21.2 ± 4.8 years; BMI 25.0 ± 4.6 kg/m2) were recruited from the student union and recreation center. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI), and demographic/exercise questions were administered via iPad. Exercisers reported ≥ 150 minutes/week of exercise. Predominant exercise type was defined as ≥ 50% reported minutes from one type. Between-sex differences were assessed by t-tests, while exercise type differences were assessed using analysis of variance. Disordered eating was exhibited in 25.9% of undergraduates. Females had higher EAT-26 total and dieting subscale scores (p < 0.05 for both). EAT-26 total, dieting subscale, and bulimia and food preoccupation subscales were higher in aerobic-predominant compared to anaerobic-predominant exercisers (p < 0.05 for all). Muscle dysmorphia was exhibited in 7.1% of undergraduates. Males had higher MDDI total and drive for size subscale scores, while females scored higher on the appearance intolerance subscale (p < 0.05 for all). Aerobicand anaerobic-predominant exercisers had higher MDDI total and functional impairment subscale scores than non-exercisers (p < 0.05). Non-exercisers were largely unaffected by disordered eating and muscle dysmorphia. Females and aerobic-predominant exercisers exhibited more symptoms of disordered eating, while males exhibited more symptoms of muscle dysmorphia. University campuses should consider targeted education for these groups.
F AKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KETIDAKPATUHAN BEROBAT PADA PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU FACTORS AFFECTING INCOMPLIANCE WITH MEDICATION AMONG LUNG TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) disease is one of major public health problems which cannot be overcome yet. The problem is caused by some factors one of which is incompliance of the patient with medication. In 2005, At the health center of West Dompu drop out rate of TB patients was still relatively high (29.1%) and recovery patients TB were still relatively low (71,7%). Objective: To identify factors which affect incompliance with medication among lung TB patients at the working area of West Dompu health center, Subdistrict of Woja, District of Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara. Method: This was an analytical case study with case control design. Samples of the study were 21 patients of lung TB totally taken who failed and were dropped out from medication in 2005. Instrument this study used quesionary. Data analysis used chi square. Result: The factor most dominantly affected incompliance with medication among lung TB patients was education (OR=0.12, p 0.05). Conclusion: Education, knowledge, family income, and duration of illness and drug side effects significantly affected incompliance with medication among lung TB patients and education was the most dominant factor.
The Change in Corneal Endothelial Cells after Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation

Purpose: To evaluate the change in corneal endothelial cells after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. Methods: We prospectively evaluated the change in density and shape of the corneal endothelium of 35 eyes of 35 patients those underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation for the treatment of refractory glaucoma. All surgeries were performed by one surgeon. The corneal specular microscopy was performed by non-contact specular microscope before surgery and 1 month, 6 months and 12 months after surgery. Evaluation was performed on the superior, superotemporal, superonasal and central area of the cornea in both eyes at each test. Results: The mean follow-up was 12.1 months (range, 6~24 months). There was a statistically significant decrease in corneal endothelial cell density in operated eye compared to the other eye. Mean percentage decrease in corneal endothelial cell count of operated eye was 5.5% at 1 month, 9.7% at 6 months, and 14.8% at 12 months after surgery. The superotemporal area, which was the closest site from the tube, showed the greatest decrease of endothelial cell density by 17.4%, while the central cornea showed the lowest decrease by 12.8% in 1 year after surgery. The morphological evaluation of the endothelial cells by coefficient of variation and hexagonality suggested the cell were getting stabilized in 1 year after surgery, although the change was not statistically significant. Conclusions: There was a statistically significant corneal endothelial cell loss in operated eye compared to the other eye after Ahmed glaucoma valve implant surgery. The corneal endothelial cell loss was increased in time up to 14.8% at 1 year after surgery.
Frequency of fundal varices in cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleed.

Objectives: Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) is a common medical emergency in cirrhosis. These patients mainly bleed from esophageal varices. The aim of the present work was to determine the prevalence of fundal varices; gastro-oesophageal varices type2 (GOV-2) and isolated gastric varices type1 (IGV-1), as a cause of AUGIB. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Gastroenterology Department of Nishtar Hospital Multan, Pakistan, using non-probability consecutive sampling. Period: July to December 2018. Material and Methods: Emergency upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy was performed in 165 cirrhotic patients and the findings documented. Results: The mean age was 50.15 ± 12.72 years. There were 103 (62.4%) males and 62 (37.6%) females (p<0.0001). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was the cause of cirrhosis in 75%, followed by HBV in 10% and HBV & HCV co-infection in 6%. Bleeding fundal varices were found in 25 (15%) patients, 15 IGV-1 and 10 GOV-2. Other major causes of bleeding included: esophageal varices 93 (56.4%) and portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) 33 (20%). All fundal varices were found in advanced liver disease patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: AUGIB is more common in males and advance liver disease. Although not frequent, fundal varices are an important cause of AUGIB, with a strong association with severity of cirrhosis. Our study demonstrates a higher prevalence of fundal varices (especially IGV-1) than other studies.
Diabetes is associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with cirrhosis-implications for surveillance and future pharmacotherapy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver-related complication seen in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (1). NASH is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but it has also been apparent for a number of years that T2DM is associated with an increased risk of HCC independent of the presence of NASH (2).
The development of the "p-factor" in early childhood : examination of genetic and environmental indicators

This thesis is focused on furthering the current understanding of psychopathology in the very early stages of life. The first part of the thesis aims to address the gap in literature surrounding the efficacy of interventions for preschool anxiety. The first systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted. A range of interventions were identified and considered alongside potential bias identified from quality assessment. The meta-analysis supported the use of psychological interventions as treatment for preschool anxiety, although there was significant heterogeneity in studies. Limitations as a result of the number of included studies are discussed, as well as recommendations for future research. The empirical paper, which forms the second part of the thesis, moves away from traditional diagnostic approaches which form the basis for previous intervention research, to utilise a model that reconceptualises psychopathology into a general psychopathology dimension (“p-factor”) and additional specific dimensions. This study is the first to utilise an adoptive cohort study to examine the development of the “p-factor” over time, and from the earliest age to date. Specifically it examines the strength consistency of the p-factor over development and the contributions of genetic and environmental risk indicators at each time point. Finally, the third part of the thesis contains a critical appraisal of the research process. It provides a reflective account of the relevance of psychologists in addressing issues relating to the conceptualisation of psychopathology and the significance of findings from the field of genetics to clinical psychologists.