Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Introduction and Evaluation of Problem‐Based Learning in Health Professions Education

&NA; Problem‐based learning (PBL) is a curricular innovation whose distinguishing characteristic is the use of real or simulated problems as the stimulus to student‐centered learning. PBL is promoted as facilitating among students the development of critical thinking skills, resource identification, and greater retention of information. This article presents an evaluation of the benefits and concerns related to the use of PBL. Several studies suggested that while PBL may prepare practitioners as well as traditional programs do, its superiority as a teaching method needs further documentation. Such research should be conducted in other health care professions education programs in addition to medical education. PBL is an ideal method for promoting interdisciplinary education for health care professions. An example of the use of the PBL model in an interdisciplinary public health course is presented. Other considerations, including costs, that must be included in any decision to adopt the PBL approach, are also reviewed.
Búsqueda de información durante tiempos de crisis. Efectos de la comunicación interpersonal y masiva en la percepción de riesgo personal ante la gripe AH1N1

Las situaciones de crisis, como la suscitada con el inicio de la gripe AH1N1en Mexico, generan en la poblacion una mayor necesidad de estar informados. La busqueda de informacion a traves de los medios de comunicacion o mediante conversaciones con otras personas, puede hacer aumentar la percepcion de verse afectadas por el problema (Morton y Duck, 2001). Se realizo una encuesta con 237 sujetos, a traves de internet, para conocer los factores que explicaban la percepcion de riesgo personal ante la gripe AH1N1. Los resultados mostraron que la exposicion a la television y la comunicacion interpersonal generaron mayor riesgo, especialmente entre los sujetos con fuerte dependencia del sistema mediatico (MSD). Sin embargo, el consumo de internet hacia que el riesgo disminuyera, sobre todo entre los sujetos con baja dependencia mediatica.
Reviewing a Consumer Decision Making Model in Online Purchasing: An ex-post-fact Study with a Colombian Sample

A review of making purchase decisions through internet was retrospectively reviewed (ex-post-fact) with a sample of 340 people who had (n=187) and who had not purchased online (n=153). The questionnaire that was used includes statement for each of the stages involved in the choice (problem identification, information search, alternatives evaluation, and purchase behavior). Some scales were designed while some others were adapted from the available research literature. Results shows that, through internet, it is more common to perform unplanned purchase, and the information available on the network usually has a significant value in online decision-making. Online purchasers and not purchasers differ on risk perception. Some recommendations to design web pages for commercial use are suggested, and discussion about the evolution of online shopping in Colombia is presented.
Safety of Arnica/Echinacea Powder in the Care of the Umbilical Stump

The main concerns about neonates’ umbilical stump are delay in its falling, umbilical cord infections and bleeding. Optimal umbilical cord care is therefore an important issue for both nurseries’ staff and neonates’ caregivers. Many investigators have explored the optimal cord care treatment. Among current umbilical cord care options, topical application of chlorhexidine decreases omphalitis and neonatal mortality, both in primary and community care settings in developing countries; whereas dry cord care has proved to be adequate in hospital settings, in developed countries. We here report our experience on arnica/echinacea powder, a safe method of treating the umbilical cord in developed countries. Clinical Practice Article Scurati-Manzoni et al.; JSRR, 5(6): 435-440, 2015; Article no.JSRR. 2015.110 436
A Clinical Trial Comparing Three Antithrombotic-Drug Regimens after Coronary-Artery Stenting

Background Antithrombotic drugs are used after coronary-artery stenting to prevent stent thrombosis. We compared the efficacy and safety of three antithrombotic-drug regimens — aspirin alone, aspirin and warfarin, and aspirin and ticlopidine — after coronary stenting. Methods Of 1965 patients who underwent coronary stenting at 50 centers, 1653 (84.1 percent) met angiographic criteria for successful placement of the stent and were randomly assigned to one of three regimens: aspirin alone (557 patients), aspirin and warfarin (550 patients), or aspirin and ticlopidine (546 patients). All clinical events reflecting stent thrombosis were included in the prespecified primary end point: death, revascularization of the target lesion, angiographically evident thrombosis, or myocardial infarction within 30 days. Results The primary end point was observed in 38 patients: 20 (3.6 percent) assigned to receive aspirin alone, 15 (2.7 percent) assigned to receive aspirin and warfarin, and 3 (0.5 percent) assigned to rece.
Prevalence of stress, stressors and coping strategies among secondary school students in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia

Introduction: In the process of growing, adolescents experience stress and their coping abilities determine the outcome. School training further adds to this stressful situation. It is noteworthy that persistently high stress levels will impair students' academic achievement, personal and professional development. This article describes the prevalence of stress, stressors and coping strategies among secondary school students in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on secondary school students in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. Secondary school and participant selections were done via stratified random sampling with a sample size of 505 students. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Secondary School Stressors Questionnaire (3SQ) and Brief COPE inventory were self-administered to measure stress level, sources of stress and coping strategies respectively among the participants. Results: Out of 505 selected participants, 421 (83.36%) responded to this survey. This study found that the prevalence of distressed secondary school students was 32.8%. The major stressors for all types of schools were academic-related issues. This study showed that the students in technical school were more distressed than students elsewhere. Among the most frequent coping strategies used by the students were religion, positive reinterpretation, use of instrumental support, active coping and planning. There were relationships between intrapersonal and interpersonal related stressor, academic achievements, level of school and academic related stressor, attention from parent, behavioral disengagement, self-blame and planning coping strategies with stress level of the students. Conclusion: This study found that there was a high prevalence of distressed negatively stressed secondary school students, the major stressors were related to academic and contributing factors of stress were related to school training, students and parents. Training students on positive coping strategies, reducing stressor-related school training, and improving parent and teacher supports to the students will help to improve this condition.
Impact of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With the HeartMate II Left Ventricular Assist Device

RESULTS Mean age was 56.6 11.4 years, 87.7% of the implants were intended as a bridge to transplantation, and median length of support was 217 days (range: 1 to 952 days). AF was present in 55 patients (51.9%); 36 patients (34.0%) had PAF and 19 (17.9%) had PeAF. Twenty-one patients (19.8%) died, and 18 (17.0%) were hospitalized for HF. There were 0.75 major bleeding events and 0.28 thromboembolic events per patient year of follow-up. PAF was not associated with increased mortality, HF hospitalization, bleeding, or thromboembolism. PeAF, however, was an independent predictor of the composite endpoint of death or HF hospitalization (hazard ratio: 3.54; 95% confidence interval: 1.52 to 8.25; p < 0.01). Although there was no increase in bleeding or thromboembolism, patients with AF had thromboembolic events at higher international normalized ratios (INRs).
Building Their Futures: How Early Head Start Programs Are Enhancing the Lives of Infants and Toddlers in Low-Income Families. Volume I: Technical Report.

Finds that, a year or more after enrolling in the program, 2-year-olds perform significantly better on a range of measures of cognitive, language, and social-emotional development, when compared with a randomly assigned control group. EHS families are also more likely to attend school or job training and have less parenting stress and family conflict. The program produced significant impacts for important groups, including welfare families, working families, and families headed by teenage mothers. For these families, EHS programs appear to have provided a foundation of support for parenting and child development while families coped with new work requirements and time limits on TANF cash assistance, balanced the demands of work and family, or attended to their own developmental needs.
Incidence and Demographic and Tumor Characteristics of HER2-Positive Invasive Breast Cancer in a Large, Unselected Population, 2000-2006.

BACKGROUND: Most HER2 data have been generated from populations of invasive breast cancer (IBC) patients with selected patient and tumor characteristics (clinical trials, referral centers). The average age of women in US adjuvant trastuzumab trials was 49. Pre 2000, clinical trials of adjuvant chemotherapy included 25-40% HER2+ cases. We used an unselected population of women with IBC to estimate the age-specific incidence rates of HER2+ IBC and compare patient and tumor characteristics of HER2+ and HER2- disease.METHODS: Among female members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) 20 years or older (n=1.22 million), we identified all those diagnosed with a new primary IBC in 2000-2006 (n=16,975). During this period, all IBCs were routinely tested for HER2 by KPNC9s regional IHC laboratory (center of excellence for HercepTest, CLIA licensed and CAP certified) and those that were IHC 2+ were sent for FISH testing; IHC 3+ or IHC 2+/FISH+ (ratio ≥ 2.0) were considered HER2+. Demographic and tumor characteristics were derived from the KPNC tumor registry. *Complete HER2 testing available for 94% of IBCs.RESULTS: Incidence of HER2+ IBC increased less dramatically with age and peaked 20 years earlier than incidence of all IBC (Table 1). Among those with IBC, the percent that were HER2+ decreased with age. Of all HER2+ IBCs, 69% were ≥50 years old and 42% were ≥60 years old.The percent of tumors that were HER2+ increased with stage (local=11%, regional=18%, distant =25%), tumor differentiation (well =2%, moderate =12%, poor=26%, undifferentiated=30%), and generally with size ( 5 cm=20%). ER- and PR- tumors were more likely to be HER2+ (of all ER- tumors, 29% were HER2+; of all PR- tumors, 25% were HER2+; of all ER+ tumors, 10% were HER2+; of all PR+ tumors, 9% were HER2+). Among all IBC patients, percent of disease that was HER2+ was highest for Asians (20%) and lowest for Caucasians (12%). CONCLUSION: In a large, unselected, population of invasive breast cancer patients, the incidence of HER2+ disease was highest among women aged 60-69 years. Among breast cancer patients, HER2+ disease was highest in Asians. The percent HER2+ was 13.6% for all breast cancer patients in this population based cohort and highest (24.7%) in the 20-39 year age group. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3058.
Distribution of postlarvae of marine prawns in the southwest coast of India

Occurrence and abundance of the postlarvae of different marine prawns were studied on the basis of plankton samples collected during 1975 from 19 stations situated in Cape Com orin, Quilon and Cochin sections. Occurrence of postlarvae of inshore prawns, Penaeus indicus, Metapenaeus dobsoni, M. a/finis and Parapenaeopsis stylifera was mainly restricted to nearshore areas, while postlarvae of deepwater prawns were more confined to offshore regions. Postlarvae were observed throughout the year, the peak being in premonsoon months. In general the postlarvae were comparatively more abundant in the northern region than in the southern part of the study area.
A Shallow Earthquake Swarm Close to Hydrocarbon Activities: Discriminating between Natural and Induced Causes for the 2018–2019 Surrey, United Kingdom, Earthquake Sequence

Earthquakes induced by subsurface industrial activities are a globally emotive issue, with a growing catalog of induced earthquake sequences. However, attempts at discriminating between natural and induced causes, particularly for anomalously shallow seismicity, can be challenging. An earthquake swarm during 2018–2019 in southeast England with a maximum magnitude of ML 3.2 received great public and media attention because of its proximity to operating oilfields. It is therefore vital and timely to provide a detailed characterization of the earthquake sequence at present, and to decide based on current evidence, whether the earthquakes were likely natural or induced. We detected 168 low‐magnitude earthquakes and computed detailed source parameters of these events. Most earthquakes occurred at a shallow depth of 2.3 km, >1 km deeper than the geological formations targeted by the oilfields, and laterally >3 km away from the drill sites. We combine the east–west‐trending cluster of the seismicity with 2D seismic reflection profiles to find the causative fault system for the earthquakes. A b‐value close to unity and strike‐slip faulting mechanisms are consistent with tectonic reactivation along a pre‐existing fault. Overall, we find no indicators in the earthquake parameters that would strongly suggest an induced source. Nor do we find any clear trends between seismicity and drilling activities based on operational logs provided by the operators. Injected volumes are near zero and monthly production amounts are many orders of magnitude smaller than other reported cases of extraction‐induced seismicity. On balance, and based on the available evidence, we find it currently unlikely that nearby industrial activities induced the seismic swarm. Most likely, the Surrey earthquakes offer a uniquely detailed insight into shallow seismicity within sedimentary basins. Nevertheless, self‐reporting of injection and production times and volumes by operators, and the lack of easily and publicly available oilfield operational data continues to be a point of concern for local residents.
The Emergence of Social Dominance in Young Boys' Play Groups: Developmental Differences and Behavioral Correlates.

This study examined relations among dominance, sociometric preference, and social behavior in groups of 1st- and 3rd-grade boys. Twenty groups of 6 unacquainted boys met for five 45-min semistructured play sessions on consecutive days. Sociometric interviews yielded daily social preference scores. Boys' social behaviors were coded from video records into discrete categories. Dominance hierachies were formed on the basis of asymmetry (receiving vs. initiating) of peer-directed aggression or persuasion attempts.
Promoting Rehabilitation of Safe Driving Abilities Through Computer‐based Clinical and Personal Screening Techniques

The rationale and empirical evidence supporting the development of a computer-based tool for screening the functional abilities shown to be the strongest predictors of at-fault crashes among older drivers are presented in this article. Clinical and home-based applications of the screening tool (the DrivingHealth Inventory and AAA Roadwise Review) are described, with a discussion of its strengths and limitations in each context. The underlying premise throughout is that an integral role for functional screening, leading up to and during an older individual's participation in driving skills rehabilitation programs, may be anticipated as the demand for such services increases in the years ahead.
Maxillofacial Injuries and Diseases That Cause an Open Mouth in Cats

Oral and maxillofacial disorders in the cat can present as an inability to close the mouth and reaching an accurate diagnosis can be challenging if all of the differentials are not systematically considered. This review focuses on the six conditions that commonly result in a cat being unable to close the mouth. Differential diagnoses include: luxation of the temporomandibular joint, fracture of the temporomandibular joint, caudal mandibular fracture, impingement of the coronoid process of the mandible on the zygomatic arch, mechanical obstruction, and neuropathy. Maxillofacial anatomy, including the temporomandibular joint, muscles of mastication and their innervation will be reviewed. This paper primarily focuses on review of the relevant literature describing each disorder and the diagnostic procedures and treatment options that should be considered when evaluating a cat that is unable to close its mouth. Emphasis is placed on the importance of a complete intraoral examination and evaluation of occlusion to allow the clinician to identify the cause for this clinical sign in cats since periodontal disease causing tooth-to-tooth contact is a common and often unrecognized cause for open mouth in cats.
Role of salicylic acid and Sucrose in the elongation vase life of Dianthus caryophyllus L.

An experiment was carried out in Horticulture and landscape gardening department in Faculty of Agriculture in Kufa university at season 2014, The flowers were collected at 15th of April \2014 to test the addition of salicylic acid(SA) in different concentrations ( 25,50,100and15 0 mg.L -1 ) with sucrose at concentration7% or the using sucrose alone at a concentration of 7% compared with control treatment (distilled water). Results showed that the best treatment using 100mg.L -1 of SA with 7% sucrose which gave the highest fresh weight(g) and the highest quantity of absorbed water 26.00 g and 11.79 cm 3 respectively, compared with control treatment (distilled water) 22.75 g and 5.53 cm 3 respectively ,while the treatment of 150 mg of SA with 7% sucrose gave the highest percent of sugars content 7.97 g in contrast with control treatment(4.72 g). The highest respiration rate 110.50 mg.Co2. kg -1 . hr -1 when sucrose solution used alone in comparison with 50.10 mg.Co2. kg -1 . hr -1 when 150g of SA and 7% sucrose was used. This treatment increased the vase life of cut flowers to (8.95 days) compared with control (distilled water) (4.00 days)
Effect of the National School Feeding Programme on Pupils' Enrolment, Attendance and Retention: A Case Study of Nyoglo of the Savelugu-Nantong Municipality, Ghana

The Ghana School Feeding Programme-GSFP is one of the social intervention programmes introduced to improve the educational standards of rural communities in Ghana. The main objective of the programme is to motivate parents to enroll their wards in basic schools, improve attendance, make pupils stay in schools and to improve the nutritional intake of children in rural areas. Nyoglo community of the Savelugu-Nantong Municipality which had the lowest pupils’ enrolment, attendance and retention rates had been a beneficiary of this social intervention since 2005, yet, it appears no systematic academic inquiry exists looking at the effect of the school feeding programme-SFP on enrolment, attendance and retention. To fill this lacuna, the current study explored the contribution of the Programme on pupils’ enrolment, attendance and retention using 150 respondents. The study was guided by the mixed method approach to research. Data for the
Production with a High Yield of Bacterial Cellulose Nanocrystals by Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Bacterial cellulose nanocrystals are highly crystalline structures with nanoscopic scale dimensions that have received increased attention in the nanocomposites area. Its properties, such as large surface area, low density, mechanical strength and ease of modification, are attractive to the preparation many kinds of nanomaterials applied multifunctional in various fields. Besides, the cellulose nanocrystals are from abundant and renewable sources that are biodegradable. An altemative method is to obtain bacterial cellulose nanocrystal by enzymatic hydrolysis because it is, less expensive, it does not use chemicals and it requires much less energy. In this sense, the primary objective of this study was to produce bacterial cellulose using glycerol as a carbon source and isolate nanocrystals from bacterial cellulose using the enzymatic hydrolysis. This study also investigated the yield of nanocrystals depending on the weight of the bacterial cellulose hydrogel, keeping constant some enzymes. The study shows us that the enzymatic method has the best performance when using cellulose hydrogel 2[Formula: see text]g to 40[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]L cellulase enzyme (endoglucanase) and 1[Formula: see text]mL of citrate buffer. Also, it was observed that the yield of nanocrystals decrease with increasing time required for the hydrolysis.
Suture Material and Needle Options in Oral and Periodontal Surgery

The appropriate selection of a suture material in veterinary dental procedures depends on both suture material and tissue characteristics. The nature of the procedure and length of time a suture needs to function are important. Personal preference plays a role in selection of a suture, but this should always be secondary to selection based on principles of suturing and the characteristics of the suture material and wound tissue. The ideal suture would have to satisfy many criteria. It would be non-allergenic, create minimal or no tissue reaction, and absorb at a dependable rate regardless of tissue inflammation or infection. It would have little or no capillary action. It would have good suture strength, suture size ratio, handling characteristics, knot security to prevent knot slippage or breakage, and tensile strength as long as needed until wound strength is regained. It would be noncarcinogenic, inexpensive, and unfavorable to bacterial growth. Although difficult, some sutures satisfy these criteria adequately. Obviously no ideal suture exists for all situations, but some sutures are consistently better for oral surgery. Suture and needle selection, characteristics of some common suture materials, and suture patterns are discussed.