Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estuarine secondary circulation

Introduction While the majority of theories developed to describe the dynamics of estuarine circulation are devoted to the study of along-channel flows at both tidal (Friedrichs and Aubrey, 1988) and subtidal frequencies (Pritchard, 1956; Hansen and Rattray, 1966; Geyer et al ., 2000; MacCready, 2004), in recent years numerous studies have concentrated on secondary flows and their importance in the along-channel dynamics (Lerczak and Geyer, 2004) and along-channel dispersion (Smith, 1977, 1978; Geyer et al ., 2008). While detailed theoretical work by Smith (1977) preceded these more recent studies by several decades, the recent modeling and observational studies discussed here have more clearly elucidated the complex interplay between lateral mixing, along-channel dynamics and dispersion. These studies have also emphasized the importance of the pioneering work by Ronald Smith (1977), who was awarded the BH Ketchum award in 1996 for this seminal work. Thus, in addition to the recent work described in detail in this chapter, the reader is encouraged to study the work of Smith (1977, 1978). Secondary flows are defined by flow that is normal to the main along-channel flow. For natural flows the directionality of this may be defined by flows normal to channel orientation. This is often somewhat ambiguous, so in practice the “cross-channel direction” is usually defined by either principal component analysis or tidal ellipse analysis of current meter data. Typically, the strength of secondary flows is
How Workload Influences Conflict with Team Members: The Perspective of Conservation of Resources Theory

Workload overload has gradually become the norm in the workplace, and the platform transformation of organizational structure emphasizes the division of labor and cooperation but also accompanies the conflict within team members. Based on the conservation of resources theory, this paper proposes a model for how employee workload affects individual interactions with colleagues. We argue that employees’ workload will increase their conflict with their team members, the two dimensions of inter-team conflict -- task conflict and relationship conflict. Furthermore, we propose that team trust will moderate these relationships. This paper broadens the research perspective focusing on the formation mechanism of conflict with team members and provides an action guide for management practice.
Elective Hand Surgery Is Delayed among Private Insurance Holders

Private insurance is designed to provide more timely and cost-effective medical care. With the increase in healthcare deductibles, however, patients are delaying operative management of a variety of pathologies toward the end of the fiscal year with the hopes of having met their deductible. In this retrospective review, the authors assess the operative timing of common orthopedic upper extremity surgeries between publicly and privately insured patients at both university and physician-owned medical institutions. Abstract Objectives Patients with private healthcare plans often defer nonemergent or elective procedures toward the end of the year once they have met their deductible. No previous studies have evaluated how insurance status and hospital setting may affect surgical timing for upper extremity procedures. Our study aimed to evaluate the influence of insurance and hospital setting on end-of-the-year surgical cases for elective carpometacarpal (CMC) arthroplasty, carpal tunnel, cubital tunnel, and trigger finger release, and nonelective distal radius fixation. Methods Insurance provider and surgical dates were gathered from two institutions’ electronic medical records (one university, one physician-owned hospital) for those undergoing CMC arthroplasty, carpal tunnel release, cubital tunnel release, trigger finger release, and distal radius fixation from January 2010 to December 2019. Dates were converted into corresponding fiscal quarters (Q1–Q4). Using the Poisson exact test, comparisons were made between the case volume rate of Q1–Q3 and Q4 for private insurance and then for public insurance. Results Overall, case counts were greater in Q4 than the rest of the year at both institutions. There was a significantly greater proportion of privately insured patients undergoing hand and upper extremity surgery at the physician-owned hospital than the university center (physician owned: 69.7%, university: 50.3%; P < 0.001). Privately insured patients underwent CMC arthroplasty and carpal tunnel release at a significantly greater rate in Q4 compared with Q1–Q3 for both institutions. Publicly insured patients did not experience an increase in carpal tunnel releases during the same period at both institutions. Conclusions Privately insured patients underwent elective CMC arthroplasty and carpal tunnel release procedures in Q4 at a significantly greater rate than publicly insured patients. This finding suggests private insurance status, and potentially deductibles, influence surgical decision making and timing. Further work is needed to evaluate the impact of deductibles on surgical planning and the financial and medical impact of delaying elective surgeries.
Exoplanet transmission spectroscopy: accounting for the eccentricity and the longitude of periastron - Superwinds in the upper atmosphere of HD 209458b?

Context. A planet transiting in front of the disk of its parent star offers the opportunity to study the compositional properties of its atmosphere by means of the analysis of the stellar light that is filtered by the planetary atmospheric layers. Several studies have so far placed useful constraints on planetary atmospheric properties with this technique, and for the case of HD 209458b even the radial velocity of the planet during the transit event has been reconstructed. This opens up a new range of possibilities. Aims. In this contribution we highlight the importance to account for the orbital eccentricity and the longitude of periastron of the planetary orbit to accurately interpret the measured planetary radial velocity during the transit. Methods. We calculate the radial velocity of a transiting planet in an eccentric orbit. Results. Given the higher orbital speed of planets with respect to their stellar companions, even small eccentricities can result in detectable blue or redshift radial velocity offsets during the transit with respect to the systemic velocity, the exact value of which also depends on the longitude of the periastron of the planetary orbit. For a hot-jupiter planet, an eccentricity of only e = 0.01 can produce a radial velocity offset on the order of the km s −1 . Conclusions. We propose an alternative interpretation of the recently claimed radial velocity blueshift (∼ 2k m s −1 ) of the planetary spectral lines of HD 209458b, which implies that the orbit of this system is not exactly circular. In this case, the longitude of the periastron of the stellar orbit is most likely confined in the first quadrant (and that of the planet in the third quadrant). We highlight that transmission spectroscopy allows us not only to study the compositional properties of planetary atmospheres, but also to refine planetary orbital parameters, and that any conclusion regarding the presence of windflows on planetary surfaces coming from transmission spectroscopy measurements requires precisely known orbital parameters from RV.
Baryon Number, Strangeness and Electric Charge Fluctuations in QCD at High Temperature

We analyze baryon number, strangeness, and electric charge fluctuations as well as their correlations in QCD at high temperature. We present results obtained from lattice calculations performed with an improved staggered fermion action (p4 action) at two values of the lattice cutoff with almost physical up and down quark masses and a physical value for the strange quark mass. We compare these results, with an ideal quark gas at high temperature and a hadron resonance gas model at low temperature. We find that fluctuations and correlations are well described by the former already for temperatures about 1.5 times the transition temperature. At low temperature qualitative features of the lattice results are quite well described by a hadron resonance gas model. Higher order cumulants, which become increasingly sensitive to the light pions, however, show deviations from a resonance gas in the vicinity of the transition temperature.
Instance optimal decoding by thresholding in compressed sensing

Abstract : Compressed Sensing seeks to capture a discrete signal x included in R(N_ with a small number n of linear measurements. The information captured about x from such measurements is given by the vector y = Phi-x included in R(n) where Phi is an n x N matrix. The best matrices, from the viewpoint of capturing sparse or compressible signals are generated by random processes, e.g. their entries are given by i.i. d. Bernoulli or Gaussian random variables. The information y holds about x is extracted by a decoder mapping R(n) into R(N). Typical decoders are based on L1-minimization and greedy pursuit. The present paper studies the performance of decoders based on thresholding. For quite general random families of matrices , decoders are constructed which are instance-optimal in probability by which we mean the following. If x is any vector in R(N), then with high probability applying to y = x gives a vector x := delta-(y) such that ||x -x(hat)|| less than or equal to C(0)-sigma(k)(x)L2 for all k less than or equal to an/logN provided a is sufficiently small (depending on the probability of failure). Here sigma-k(x)L2 is the error that results when x is approximated by the k sparse vector which equals x in its k largest coordinates and is otherwise zero. It is also shown that results of this type continue to hold even if the measurement vector y is corrupted by additive noise: y = Phi-x + e where e is some noise vector. In this case sigma-k(x)L2 is replaced by sigma-k(x)L2 + ||e||L2 .
Searching for new OH megamasers out to redshifts z>1

Abstract We have carried out a search for 18-cm OH megamaser (OHM) emission with the Green Bank Telescope. The targeted galaxies comprise a sample of 121 ULIRGs at 0.090.25. Nine new detections of OHMs are reported, all at redshifts z<0.25. For the remainder of the galaxies, observations constrain the upper limit on OH emission; this rules out OHMs of moderate brightness (LOH>103 L⊙) for 26% of the sample, and extremely bright OHM emission (LOH>104 L⊙) for 73% of the sample. Losses from RFI result in the OHM detection fraction being significantly lower than expected for galaxies with LIR>1012 L⊙. The new OHM detections are used to calculate an updated OH luminosity function, with Φ∝ LOH−0.66; this slope is in agreement with previous results. Non-detections of OHMs in the COSMOS field constrain the predicted sky density of OHMs; the results are consistent with a galaxy merger rate evolving as (1+z)m, where m≤6.
Patents, family, and size: evidence from Italian manufacturing firms

ABSTRACT This study explores whether the probability to patent differs between family and non-family firms, and whether any potential difference between firm-type is moderated by size. The analysis is based on a large archive of patenting activities (Orbis–PATSTAT dataset) carried out by around 3700 Italian manufacturing firms over the 2010–2017 period. The results from a random effect probit model show that family firms patent less than non-family firms (the estimated average marginal effect of family ownership ranges from −0.055 to −0.032 according to model specification). Furthermore, the size effect is positive in every model, suggesting that the probability of patenting increases with size. While it is demonstrated that family firms remain less likely to patent than non-family firms, we also show that their disadvantages increase as they grow in size: in large firms, the probability of patenting is 0.22 for family firms and 0.39 for non-family firms. Importantly, the results hold when considering patent counts, citations and a number of additional sensitivity tests.
The Effects of Hypoxia on Threshold Food Concentrations in Different Daphnia Species

Numerous studies have revealed a negative correlation between the body size and temperature among a variety of aquatic ectotherms. Many studies at individual and population levels indicated that this mechanism may be explained by the decrease of competitive abilities of larger- over smaller-bodied individuals, as the production of larger-bodied individuals is more limited due to greater susceptibility to decreased oxygen concentrations (i.e., environmental hypoxia) at elevated temperatures. However, this hypothesis is still not tested at the community level. To test this, we performed several experiments on the food thresholds (which is a proxy for competitive ability) of 6 zooplankton (Daphnia) species varying in body size, at high or low oxygen concentrations. Contrary to the hypothesis tested, hypoxia increased threshold food concentrations to a relatively greater extent in smaller species than in larger ones. This may be attributed to the better evolutionary adaptations of larger-bodied daphnids to oxygen-poor environments manifested in higher production of haemoglobin. The results obtained in this study cannot exclude the possibility that environmental hypoxia is responsible for the temperature-size pattern in aquatic ectotherms, as our experiments did not take into account the long-term energetic costs of expedited haemoglobin synthesis, which could shift size-dependent competitive power.
A deep proper-motion survey of the nearby open cluster Blanco 1ltlink href

We provide two comprehensive catalogues of positions and proper motions in the area of open cluster Blanco 1. The main catalogue, CtlgM, contains 6271 objects down to V∼ 18.5 and covers a circular ∼11 deg 2 area. The accuracy of CtlgM proper motions, at about 0.3-0.5masyr -1 for well-measured stars, permits an excellent segregation between the cluster and field stars. The vector-point diagram of proper motions indicates an estimated total of ∼165 cluster members among the stars in our sample, while 314 stars with σ μ
Optimum Repetitions for the Development of Strength

Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine the optimum number of repetitions with which to train for quickest strength improvement. Nine groups, consisting of a total of 199 male college students, were tested before and after 12 weeks of progressive resistance exercise. Each group trained differently in repetitions per set. Resistances employed were 2 RM, 4 RM, 6 RM, 8 RM, 10 RM, and 12 RM for one set. The optimum number of repetitions was found to be between 3 and 9.
Framing migration in the Greek press; An analysis of the ‘Evros events’ in left, liberal, and far-right newspapers

In this article we focus on one important event related to the Greek dimensions of the so called refugee crisis in Europe. This event took place during late February and March 2020 and is known as the Evros events that occurred when Turkey decided to open its European borders to the refugees. Greece responded by closing its land borders with Turkey, and by halting the asylum application process. The area surrounding the Evros River in Greece became heavily policed by the Greek police and the EU’s Frontex border police, further aided by various citizen militias consisting of Greek and other EU nationals. This research analyzes the newsmedia coverage of the specific incident through a qualitative frame analysis on news articles written by five Greek newspapers that have different political affiliations. The analysis then answers a two-fold research question: how did the Greek press frame the Evros events, and how did these frames contribute to the public debate around migration in the country.
HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS OF THE BARRED SPIRAL GALAXY NGC 1097

NGC 1097 is a nearby barred spiral galaxy believed to be interacting with the elliptical galaxy NGC 1097A located to its northwest. It hosts a Seyfert 1 nucleus surrounded by a circumnuclear starburst ring. Two straight dust lanes connected to the ring extend almost continuously out to the bar. The other ends of the dust lanes attach to two main spiral arms. To provide a physical understanding of its structural and kinematical properties, two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations have been carried out. Numerical calculations reveal that many features of the gas morphology and kinematics can be reproduced provided that the gas flow is governed by a gravitational potential associated with a slowly rotating strong bar. By including the self-gravity of the gas disk in our calculation, we have found the starburst ring to be gravitationally unstable, which is consistent with the observation in Hsieh et al. Our simulations show that the gas inflow rate is 0.17 M☉ yr−1 into the region within the starburst ring even after its formation, leading to the coexistence of both a nuclear ring and a circumnuclear disk.
THE HUNT FOR EXOMOONS WITH KEPLER (HEK). I. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW OBSERVATIONAL PROJECT

Two decades ago, empirical evidence concerning the existence and frequency of planets around stars, other than our own, was absent. Since that time, the detection of extrasolar planets from Jupiter-sized to, most recently, Earth-sized worlds has blossomed and we are finally able to shed light on the plurality of Earth-like, habitable planets in the cosmos. Extrasolar moons may also be frequently habitable worlds, but their detection or even systematic pursuit remains lacking in the current literature. Here, we present a description of the first systematic search for extrasolar moons as part of a new observational project called “The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler” (HEK). The HEK project distills the entire list of known transiting planet candidates found by Kepler (2326 at the time of writing) down to the most promising candidates for hosting a moon. Selected targets are fitted using a multimodal nested sampling algorithm coupled with a planet-with-moon light curve modeling routine. By comparing the Bayesian evidence of a planet-only model to that of a planet-with-moon, the detection process is handled in a Bayesian framework. In the case of null detections, upper limits derived from posteriors marginalized over the entire prior volume will be provided to inform the frequency of large moons around viable planetary hosts, . After discussing our methodologies for target selection, modeling, fitting, and vetting, we provide two example analyses.
Products of groups

1. ELEMENTARY PROPERTIES OF FACTORIZED GROUPS 2. PRODUCTS OF NILPOTENT GROUPS 3. PRODUCTS OF PERIODIC GROUPS 4. PRODUCTS OF GROUPS OF FINITE RANK 5. SPLITTING AND CONJUGACY THEOREMS 6. TRIPLY FACTORIZED GROUPS 7. SOME FURTHER TOPICS
Effect of multihole baffle-induced lobe flow structures on a high efficiency micro-thermophotovoltaic system

For a combustion-based thermophotovoltaic generator (TPV), the baffle-induced reacting flows are numerically investigated in the micro combustor with a multihole baffle representing a mixed feature of bluff body and multiple jets. The lobed flow feature is realized by the momentum difference between fuel and air streams and the baffle wall, not the geometrical conditions like a lobed nozzle. Compared with the H2–air combustor, the lobed flame and the votical structure are enhanced for the CH4–air combustor. To analyze the lobed structure, the lobe intensity and the equivalent perimeter are defined for the stoichiometric mixture line. The maximum lobe intensity is observed at the beginning zone of flame, whereas the equivalent perimeter is increased near the active reaction zone. As the baffle thickness decreases, the lobe structure is enhanced due to the increased vortices. Also, a close relationship between the maximum vorticities at the baffle exit and the maximized lobe structure is observed. The intensified lobe structure contributes to a shorter flame length and more efficient combustion, resulting in increased radiation available for a micro-TPV system. When the lobe structure is enhanced, the high emitter efficiency for an energy conversion device is obtained as 0.319–0.326 for the H2–air combustor.
Horizon Run 4 Simulation: Coupled Evolution of Galaxies and Large-scale Structures of the Universe

The Horizon Run 4 is a cosmological $N$-body simulation designed for the study of coupled evolution between galaxies and large-scale structures of the Universe, and for the test of galaxy formation models. Using $6300^3$ gravitating particles in a cubic box of $L_{\rm box} = 3150 ~h^{-1}{\rm Mpc}$, we build a dense forest of halo merger trees to trace the halo merger history with a halo mass resolution scale down to $M_s = 2.7 \times 10^{11} h^{-1}{\rm M_\odot}$. We build a set of particle and halo data, which can serve as testbeds for comparison of cosmological models and gravitational theories with observations. We find that the FoF halo mass function shows a substantial deviation from the universal form with tangible redshift evolution of amplitude and shape. At higher redshifts, the amplitude of the mass function is lower, and the functional form is shifted toward larger values of $\ln (1/\sigma)$. We also find that the baryonic acoustic oscillation feature in the two-point correlation function of mock galaxies becomes broader with a peak position moving to smaller scales and the peak amplitude decreasing for increasing directional cosine $\mu$ compared to the linear predictions. From the halo merger trees built from halo data at 75 redshifts, we measure the half-mass epoch of halos and find that less massive halos tend to reach half of their current mass at higher redshifts. Simulation outputs including snapshot data, past lightcone space data, and halo merger data are available at this http URL
Ecosystem-based adaptation to address urbanization and climate change challenges: the case of China’s sponge city initiative

ABSTRACT Rapid urbanization and climate change are two grand challenges faced by many cities in pursuing sustainable urban development. While ecosystem-based adaptation practices are increasingly recognized and adopted across the world as an important urban development strategy, their effective implementation in diverse biophysical conditions and development contexts is of interest, requiring scientific research and learning. This paper presents the case of China in implementing an ecosystem-based approach – sponge city development – to address the water-related challenges of urbanization and climate change. It draws on the literature to synthesize understanding of the interaction between the urban landscape, urban development, and ecosystem services, and proposes mainstreaming an ecosystem service framework in spatial planning and performance evaluation to guide ecosystem-based adaption practices. Focusing on China’s practice, the paper develops a five-step procedure for operationalizing and mainstreaming ecosystem services so as to improve policy implementation for sponge city development. This paper aims to provide a practical perspective to help enhance ecosystem-based adaptation in urban development to better address the challenges of urbanization and climate change. Key policy insights Cities are increasingly looking into ecosystem-based adaptation, as an integrated part of urban development, to increase resilience to climate change and to promote urban sustainability. China’s experience with implementing a national initiative called sponge city development contributes to learning and an understanding of ecosystem-based adaptation practices to address urbanization and climate change challenges. Existing literature shows the need and potential for an ecosystem service framework to guide spatial planning and performance evaluation for ecosystem-based adaptation. China is in a unique position to mainstream an ecosystem service framework in sponge city development to improve current practice and to promote climate-resilient and ecosystem-integrated urban development. A five-step empirical procedure outlines a systematic approach for mainstreaming ecosystem services, contributing to the literature and policy practice to build urban resilience and sustainability in the face of urbanization and climate change.