Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remote Sensing of Environment

Soil moisture and gross primary productivity (GPP) estimates from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) provide new opportunities for understanding the relationship between soil moisture and terrestrial photosynthesis over large regions. Here we explored the potential of the synergistic use of SMAP and OCO-2 based data for monitoring the responses of ecosystem productivity to drought. We used complementary observational information on root-zone soil moisture and GPP (9 km) from SMAP and fine-resolution SIF (0.05°; GOSIF) derived from OCO-2 SIF soundings. We compared the spatial pattern and temporal evolution of anomalies of these variables over the conterminous U.S. during the 2018 drought, and examined to what extent they could characterize the droughtinduced variations of flux tower GPP and crop yield data. Our results showed that SMAP GPP and GOSIF, both freely available online, could well capture the spatial extent and dynamics of the impacts of drought indicated by the U.S. Drought Monitor maps and the SMAP root-zone soil moisture deficit. Over the U.S. Southwest, monthly anomalies of soil moisture showed significant positive correlations with those of SMAP GPP (R2 = 0.44, p < 0.001) and GOSIF (R2 = 0.76, p < 0.001), demonstrating strong water availability constraints on plant productivity across dryland ecosystems. We further found that SMAP GPP and GOSIF captured the impact of drought on tower GPP and crop yield. Our results suggest that synergistic use of SMAP and OCO-2 data products can reveal the drought evolution and its impact on ecosystem productivity and carbon uptake at multiple spatial and temporal scales, and demonstrate the value of SMAP and OCO-2 for studying ecosystem function, carbon cycling, and climate change.
DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES: LEARNING FROM VILLAGE HOMES

While the movement toward creating more sustainable communities has been growing for decades, few examples exist of successful and time-tested sustainable communities. Village Homes, located outside of Davis, California, is one such example. Built between 1975 and 1981, this community sits on 60 acres of land and offers unique features such as common areas, community gardens, narrow streets, pedestrian and bike paths, solar homes, and innovative ecological drainage systems. This book offers an inside look at the development of the project from start to finish and describes how it can about, design approaches taken, and changes that have occurred over the years.
Shallow groundwater temperature patterns revealed through a regional monitoring well network

Groundwater temperature is a critical control on groundwater quality, geothermal system efficiency and ecosystem dynamics in receiving surface waters. Despite the known importance of groundwater temperature, there is a lack of dedicated aquifer thermal monitoring across spatial and temporal scales. Pressure transducers and other sensors installed in groundwater monitoring well networks often record temperature as a secondary function, but these comprehensive groundwater temperature data sets are seldom analysed. In this study, we analysed seasonal, interannual and spatial patterns of shallow groundwater temperatures from a regional groundwater monitoring network in Nova Scotia, Canada and compared these subsurface temperature data to air temperature data from nearby climate stations using linear regressions and Fourier analysis. The results showed that seasonal groundwater temperatures were damped (with seasonal amplitudes 3.6%–42% of air temperature amplitudes) and lagged (phase shifted 43–145 days) compared to air temperature, with notable year‐to‐year variations in both damping and lagging. Results also highlighted the role of snowpack thickness on the lowest mean monthly groundwater temperatures. Given potential impacts of climate change, land cover change, urbanization and geothermal energy development on groundwater temperatures, we encourage water authorities and regulators to begin or enhance aquifer thermal monitoring and provide guidance for capitalizing on existing monitoring well infrastructure to track temperature dynamics and changes.
Velocities of Thwaites Glacier and smaller glaciers along the Marie Byrd Land coast, West Antarctica

Average velocities for time intervals ranging from < 1 to 15 years were measured by tracking ice-surface patterns on sequential Landsat and European Remote-sensing Satellite synthetic aperture radar images. Velocities ofThwaites Glacier range from 2.2 km a−1 above the grounding line to 3.4 km a−1 at the limit of measurements onThwaites Glacier ice tongue. The glacier increases in velocity by about 1 km a−1 where it crosses the grounding line. Over the period 1984-93, Thwaites Glacier ice tongue accelerated by about 0.6 kin a . Velocities of the floating part of several minor glaciers and some ice shelves are also determined: Land Glacier, 17—1.9 km a−1 ; DeVicq Glacier, 0.7-1.1 km a−1; Dotson Ice Shelf 0.2-0.5 km a−1; Gctz Ice Shelf, 0.2-0.8 km a−1; and Sulzberger Ice Shelf, 0.01 -0.02 km a−1. The high velocities along the Marie Byrd Land coast are consistent with the high precipitation rates over West Antarctica and, for some of the glaciers, the lack of buttressing ice shelves.
ANTITELATA I IGM-REVMATOIDNIOT FAKTOR VO SEROLO[KATA DIJAGNOZA NA REVMATOIDNIOT ARTRITIS SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF ANTI-CYCLIC CITRULLINATE PEPTIDE ANTIBODY AND IGM RHEUMATOID FACTOR IN SEROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

During the pregnancy implanted semi-allogenic embryo is protected from the maternal immune response. To maintain this benefit and for successful outcome of normal pregnancy it is crucial to achieve fine balance between proinflammatory (Th1) and the anti-inflammatory (Th2) cytokines. Immune responses in the uterus are determined mainly via antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The vast majority of immunocompetent cells at the fealmaternal interface are natural killer (NK) cells, T cells (γδ mostly) and macrophages. NK cells and activated T cells can induce apoptosis in target cells. One of the mechanisms of inducing apoptosis is granule exocytosis, containing granulysin and perforin, present in the granules of human NK cells and activated cytotoxic T cells.
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Female Reproductive Traits on Porcine Chromosome 81

Abstract An understanding of the genetic control of porcine female reproductive performance would offer the opportunity to utilize natural variation and improve selective breeding programs through marker-assisted selection. The Chinese Meishan is one of the most prolific pig breeds known, farrowing three to five more viable piglets per litter than the European Large White breed. This difference in prolificacy is attributed to the Meishan's superior prenatal survival levels. The present study utilized a three-generation cross in which the founder grandparental animals were purebred Meishan and Large White pigs in a scan for quantitative trait loci (QTL) on porcine chromosome 8 (SSC8) associated with reproductive performance. Reproductive traits, including number of corpora lutea (ovulation rate), teat number, litter size, and prenatal survival, were recorded for as many as 220 F2 females. Putative QTL for the related traits of litter size and prenatal survival were identified at the distal end of the long arm of SSC8. A physiological candidate gene, SPP1, was found to lie within the 95% confidence interval of these QTL. A suggestive QTL for teat number was revealed on the short arm of SSC8. The present study demonstrates, to our knowledge, the first independent confirmation of QTL for fecundity on SSC8, and these QTL regions provide a crucial starting point in the search for the causal genetic variants.
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning

From the Publisher: In Reinforcement Learning, Richard Sutton and Andrew Barto provide a clear and simple account of the key ideas and algorithms of reinforcement learning. Their discussion ranges from the history of the field's intellectual foundations to the most recent developments and applications. The only necessary mathematical background is familiarity with elementary concepts of probability.
Prediction of peak oxygen consumption using cardiorespiratory parameters from warmup and submaximal stage of treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test

This study investigates the quality of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) prediction based on cardiac and respiratory parameters calculated from warmup and submaximal stages of treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) using machine learning (ML) techniques and assesses the importance of respiratory parameters for the prediction outcome. The database consists of the following parameters: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RespRate), pulmonary ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) obtained from 369 treadmill CPETs. Combinations of features calculated based on the HR, VE and RespRate time-series from different stages of CPET were used to create 11 datasets for VO2peak prediction. Thirteen ML algorithms were employed, and model performances were evaluated using cross-validation with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), R2 score, mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) calculated after each iteration of the validation. The results demonstrated that incorporating respiratory-based features improves the prediction of VO2peak. The best results in terms of R2 score (0.47) and RMSE (5.78) were obtained for the dataset which included both cardiac- and respiratory-based features from CPET up to 85% of age-predicted HRmax, while the best results in terms of MAPE (10.5%) and MAE (4.63) were obtained for the dataset containing cardiorespiratory features from the last 30 seconds of warmup. The study showed the potential of using ML models based on cardiorespiratory features from submaximal tests for prediction of VO2peak and highlights the importance of the monitoring of respiratory signals, enabling to include respiratory parameters into the analysis. Presented approach offers a feasible alternative to direct VO2peak measurement, especially when specialized equipment is limited or unavailable.
Fishery, age, growth, mortality and stock assessment of Priacanthus hamrur Forskal from Bombay waters

Perches form an important marine fisheries resources fi-om the coast of India. During 1969 - 81 period the average catch of perch was 27,184 tonnes. The annual average catch of perch during 1983 - 85 period in Maharashtra was 6508 t contributing 11% of the all India perch catch. The annual average catch of this resource at New Ferry Wharf and Sassoon Dock landing centres of Greater Bombay during 1980 - 88 period was 1791.6 t with New Ferry Wharf contributing 83.87% and Sassoon Dock 16.13%. Fitting of quadratic equation to the catch at both the landing centres indicated increasing trend. Age and growth study on Priacanthus hamrur Forskal shows that this species grows to 193, 283 and 323 mm at the end of I, II and III years of its life. The von Bertalanffy's growth parameters in length were estimated as follows ; L «o = 360 mm, K = 0.736 (annual) and t„ = -0.009116 years. The total, natural and fishing mortality for 1989 - 90 period were calculated as : Z = 3.08, M = 1.52 and F = 1.56. The exploitation ratio (E) and exploitation rate (U) were calculated as 0.506 and 0.482 respectively. The standing stock (Y/F) and total stock (Y/U) were estimated as 331.92 t and 1074.28 t respectively as compared to the present combined yield of 517.81 t from New Ferry Wharf and Sassoon Docks. The MSY was estimated as 201.8 t.
Isothermal annealing of radiation defects in bulk material of diodes from 8" silicon wafers

: The high luminosity upgrade of the LHC will provide unique physics opportunities, such as the observation of rare processes and precision measurements. However, the accompanying harsh radiation environment will also pose unprecedented challenged to the detector performance and hardware. In this paper, we study the radiation induced damage and its macroscopic isothermal annealing behaviour of the bulk material from new 8" silicon wafers using diode test structures. The sensor properties are determined through measurements of the diode capacitance and leakage current for three thicknesses, two material types, and neutron ﬂuences from 6 . 5 · 10 14 to 10 16 neq / cm 2 .
CSR and Its Impacts on Society during Pandemic Covid-19: Evidence from Bali as a Tourist Destination

The emerging body of literature has indicated the positive impact of CSR on society and the environment. However, our understanding of how CSR can support society's resilience in facing crises during the COVID-19 pandemic still needs to be improved. This research focused on answering the following questions about corporate social responsibility to what extent does corporate social responsibility contribute to society in Bali, and how does CSR implement in Bali? This research takes a qualitative case study approach. Data were analyzed by content analysis to the official websites of the top 100 companies in Indonesia in 2020. The findings reveal that CSR has a significant contribution to society in Bali. CSR was implemented in various ways and recipients all over Bali island. Some companies distributed the CSR directly to the communities, and some were collected through local government and then distributed based on a government's list of recipients. There has been good collaboration between industry and government in distributing CSR funds in Bali. The majority of CSR was given in the form of giving free groceries and masks for the poor, personal safety equipment for health workers, and sinks for washing hands in public spaces such as markets, temples, and shops.
Suppressing the P2‐O2 phase transition and Na+/vacancy ordering in Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 by a delicate multicomponent modulation strategy

P2‐type Na0.67Ni0. 33Mn0.67O2 is a promising cathode for sodium‐ion batteries with features of high specific capacity and air resistance, whereas its cycling stability and rate performance are dissatisfactory suffering from the disastrous P2‐O2 phase transition and Na+/vacancy ordering during sodium‐ion de/intercalation, which makes it an obstruction for future practical applications. Herein, a delicate multicomponent modulation strategy is proposed to tackle these two issues simultaneously, in which Li+ and Ti4+ are introduced to replace the Ni2+ and Mn4+, respectively, whereas the Na+ content is also designed according to the principle of charge balance. Consequently, the designed cathode (Na0.72Ni0.28Li0.05Mn0.57Ti0.10O2) can deliver an enchanting cycling stability of 80% at 1 C after 200 cycles along with a considerable rate performance of 82.7 mAh g−1 at 5 C. In situ X‐ray diffraction measurement demonstrates the destructive P2‐O2 phase transition is suppressed and converted into a P2‐Z phase transition with superior reversibility as well as smooth charge/discharge curves with better Na+/vacancy disordering. In addition, the full cell matched with hard carbon anode delivers an excellent energy density of 263.4 Wh kg−1 at 37.3 W kg−1, exhibiting great practicality. Our work presents a mean to rationally design the component of layered oxide cathode and achieve fabulous performance for sodium ion batteries.
Developing Skill, Developing Vision: Practices of Locality at the Foot of the Alps

List of Figures Foreword Abbreviations Acknowledgements Chapter 1. From Community Studies to Communities of Practice 1.1 Skill, Place and Identity 1.2 From Community Studies to Communities of Practice 1.3 Identity, Emplacement and Phenomenology 1.4 Towards an Ecology of Practice 1.5 A Place at the Margins of Europe? 1.6 Going Rural Conclusion Chapter 2. Blessed Be the Car! 2.1 The Problem of Place 2.2 Roots 2.3 Shifting Tracks 2.4 Routes 2.5 Commuting to Church 2.6 Blessed Be the Car Conclusion Chapter 3. From Observational Documentary to Skilled Vision 3.1 Film as Ethnography 3.2 Worldviews and the Anthropology of Vision 3.3 The Critique of Vision 3.4 Skilled Vision 3.5 Breeding Aesthetics Conclusion Chapter 4. Skilled Practice 4.1 Skill, Technology and Farming 4.2 Encountering Breeding Strategies in the Field 4.3 Life on the Farm 4.4 Localising Skills? Conclusion Chapter 5. Skilled Vision and Animal Husbandry 5.1 Towards an Ecology of Skilled Visions 5.2 Looking as a Form of Cultural Belonging 5.3 Industrialising Organisms 5.4 Expert Looks, Moral Looks Conclusion Chapter 6. Reinventing Skills 6.1 Mobilising Skills 6.2 Taleggio - a Cheese and a Valley 6.3 Local Products, Local Memories 6.4 New Skin for Old Cheese Conclusion Bibliography Filmography Index
Exploring variations in gait patterns and joint motion characteristics in school-aged children across different walking speeds: a comprehensive motion analysis study

This study aimed to investigate differences in gait patterns among individuals with different walking speeds and identify the range of motion (ROM) and angular velocity for various joints during gait. Forty-five schoolchildren were randomly selected for this study. To capture their walking patterns, two FDR-AX700 4K HDR camcorders were positioned to observe the predetermined walkway. Each participant completed a 5-meter walk at various speeds, including slow, normal, and fast, while maintaining a straight stride. There were significantly higher ROM and angular velocity (p<0.05) at the hip, knee, and ankle joints across most stages of walking at a faster speed compared to slow and normal speeds. At the same time, the angular velocity was significantly higher at the hip joint during hip extension terminal stance at normal speed compared to slow and fast speeds (p<0.05, ƞ2 =0.74). Similarly, the ROM of knee flexion swing, ankle plantar flexion loading response, and ankle dorsiflexion midswing angular velocity were significantly higher during normal walking speed (p<0.05). Conversely, slow-speed walking showed significantly higher ROM at knee extension terminal swing (ƞ2=0.52) and ankle dorsiflexion terminal stance (ƞ2=0.78) (p<0.05). The results indicate that individuals with different walking speeds exhibit significant differences in gait patterns. Slower walking speeds resulted in lower gait velocity and different joint motions compared to faster walking speeds.
Novel Heptaplex PCR-Based Diagnostics for Enteric Fever Caused by Typhoidal Salmonella Serovars and Its Applicability in Clinical Blood Culture

Enteric fever is caused by typhoidal Salmonella serovars (Typhi, Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B, and Paratyphi C). Owing to the importance of Salmonella serovars in clinics and public hygiene, reliable diagnostics for typhoidal serovars are crucial. This study aimed to develop a novel diagnostic tool for typhoidal Salmonella serovars and evaluate the use of human blood for clinically diagnosing enteric fever. Five genes were selected to produce specific PCR results against typhoidal Salmonella serovars based on the genes of Salmonella Typhi. Heptaplex PCR, including genetic markers of generic Salmonella, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, and typhoidal Salmonella serovars, was developed. Typhoidal Salmonella heptaplex PCR using genomic DNAs from 200 Salmonella strains (112 serovars) provided specifically amplified PCR products for each typhoidal Salmonella serovar. These results suggest that heptaplex PCR can sufficiently discriminate between typhoidal and nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars. Heptaplex PCR was applied to Salmonella-spiked blood cultures directly and provided diagnostic results after 12- or 13.5-h blood culture. Additionally, it demonstrated diagnostic performance with colonies recovered from a 6-h blood culture. This study provides a reliable DNA-based tool for diagnosing typhoidal Salmonella serovars that may be useful in clinical microbiology and epidemiology.
Suprabasal cells retain progenitor cell identity programs in eosinophilic esophagitis–driven basal cell hyperplasia

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an esophageal immune-mediated disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation and epithelial remodeling, including basal cell hyperplasia (BCH). Although BCH is known to correlate with disease severity and with persistent symptoms in patients in histological remission, the molecular processes driving BCH remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that BCH is predominantly characterized by an expansion of nonproliferative suprabasal cells that are still committed to early differentiation. Furthermore, we discovered that suprabasal and superficial esophageal epithelial cells retain progenitor identity programs in EoE, evidenced by increased quiescent cell identity scoring and the enrichment of signaling pathways regulating stem cell pluripotency. Enrichment and trajectory analyses identified SOX2 and KLF5 as potential drivers of the increased quiescent identity and epithelial remodeling observed in EoE. Notably, these alterations were not observed in gastroesophageal reflux disease. These findings provide additional insights into the differentiation process in EoE and highlight the distinct characteristics of suprabasal and superficial esophageal epithelial cells in the disease.
Depression recurrence is accompanied by longer periods in default mode and more frequent attentional and reward processing dynamic brain‐states during resting‐state activity

Recurrence in major depressive disorder (MDD) is common, but neurobiological models capturing vulnerability for recurrences are scarce. Disturbances in multiple resting‐state networks have been linked to MDD, but most approaches focus on stable (vs. dynamic) network characteristics. We investigated how the brain's dynamical repertoire changes after patients transition from remission to recurrence of a new depressive episode. Sixty two drug‐free, MDD‐patients with ≥2 episodes underwent a baseline resting‐state fMRI scan when in remission. Over 30‐months follow‐up, 11 patients with a recurrence and 17 matched‐remitted MDD‐patients without a recurrence underwent a second fMRI scan. Recurrent patterns of functional connectivity were characterized by applying Leading Eigenvector Dynamics Analysis (LEiDA). Differences between baseline and follow‐up were identified for the 11 non‐remitted patients, while data from the 17 matched‐remitted patients was used as a validation dataset. After the transition into a depressive state, basal ganglia‐anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and visuo‐attentional networks were detected significantly more often, whereas default mode network activity was found to have a longer duration. Additionally, the fMRI signal in the basal ganglia‐ACC areas underlying the reward network, were significantly less synchronized with the rest of the brain after recurrence (compared to a state of remission). No significant changes were observed in the matched‐remitted patients who were scanned twice while in remission. These findings characterize changes that may be associated with the transition from remission to recurrence and provide initial evidence of altered dynamical exploration of the brain's repertoire of functional networks when a recurrent depressive episode occurs.