Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Chain Complexes and Supercomplexes Organization in Cells with Defective Complex III

Cytochrome b is the only subunit of complex III (CIII) encoded by the mitochondrial DNA. Constituting the central core of the enzyme, the protein is essential for both assembly and catalytic activity of the complex. CIII can associate with complex I (CI) and complex IV to form supercomplexes (SCs). MTCYB mutations can affect CIII only or both CIII and CI, as a consequence of the importance of CIII on the stability of CI. Here, we have investigated the effects of two pathogenic mutations affecting MTCYB: the p.278Y>C missense mutation, causing the substitution of conserved Tyr278 close to the QO site, and the ΔI300-P305 microdeletion, producing the loss of six aminoacids in the sixth transmembrane helix, but leaving the remaining of the MTCYB in frame. We have demonstrated that both MTCYB mutations severely impaired the activity of CIII: the missense mutation produced an oxidative damage of CIII due to increased superoxide production, whereas in cells bearing the ΔI300-P305 microdeletion, CIII was not detected, with consequent derangement also of CI. The detailed analysis of SCs organization revealed in both cases a strong perturbation of the CIII2+IV SC, together with an attempt to preserve the respirasome. These results favor the hypothesis that SCs not only preserve the structure and stability of respiratory complexes, but are essential for attenuating the mitochondrial dysfunction due to pathogenic mutations affecting the respiratory enzymes. Furthermore, the cells bearing ΔI300-P305 deletion showed a marked increase in complex II (CII) redox activity, associated with significant hydrogen peroxide production. It has been suggested that the enhanced CII activity is a compensatory mechanism due to the lacking of CI. Our results instead suggest that it might be a more general phenomenon for cell adaptation to respiratory chain dysfunction, being detected also in CIII-deficient cells where the hydrogen peroxide production is increased.
Mites (Acari) at the edges of bog pools in Orawa–Nowy-Targ Basin (S Poland), with particular reference to the Oribatida

Abstract Mites, and among them especially the Oribatida, are very abundant in bogs, being good bioindicators of various changes, but little is known about their reaction to heavy industrial exploitation of bogs. This study aimed to compare the acarofauna of the edges of small pools located in 2 bogs of Orawa-Nowy-Targ Basin (Kotlina Orawsko-Nowotarska), namely Łysa Puścizna (LP) and Bór Podczerwony (BP), degraded to different degrees by peat exploitation. The area of bog LP has decreased since the end of the 19th century by 34%, while that of BP has decreased during this time drastically (by 68%). Water in both studied pools differed from that in natural bogs, reported in the literature, especially in pH, colour, and oxygen conditions (COD and BOD5), and these differences were more pronounced at BP. The abundance of mites was similar to that observed in natural bogs, and the Oribatida dominated among mites, constituting over 99% of them. The species diversity of Oribatida was low in both pools, but especially in pool BP. In both bogs the aquatic species were the most abundant due to the wet study season. The species structure of Oribatida differed, however, from that reported from natural bogs as well as from each other. At the less degraded bog LP the most abundant was Hydrozetes lacustris (D = 69%), while at bog BP, with worse water parameters, Trimalaconothrus maior highly dominated (D = 93%). This suggests that the latter species is very tolerant to water parameters, being a successful coloniser of degraded bogs.
Comparison of Personality Traits and Demographic Factors of the Entrepreneurs: The Case of Erzincan Province

Research Article Purpose – Entrepreneurship is a major force that forms the economic basis of developed countries today. Entrepreneurs contribute greatly to the strengthening of the economy by using resources effectively, generating innovative ideas, providing employment opportunities, and creating various markets. Each of the entrepreneurial individuals has various personality traits. This study aims to compare entrepreneurs' personality traits with demographic factors.
Effects of soil and climatic factors on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in rhizosphere soil under Robinia pseudoacacia in the Loess Plateau, China

We explored arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the rhizosphere soil under Robinia pseudoacacia L. , Leguminosae (black locust), and evaluated the relations between their diversity and soil and climatic factors in the semi‐arid Loess Plateau of northwest China. A total of 23 AMF species were identified at six sites. Of these, six belonged to the genus Funneliformis (Glomeraceae), five to Rhizophagus (Glomeraceae), three to Glomus (Glomeraceae), two to Acaulospora (Acaulosporaceae), two to Claroideoglomus (Claroideoglomeraceae), two to Septoglomus (Glomeraceae), one to Ambispora (Ambisporaceae), one to Scutellospora (Gigasporaceae) and one to Sclerocystis (Glomeraceae). The species that occurred in the largest proportion of soil samples were Rhizophagus intraradices (75%) and Funneliformis dimorphicum (66.7%). Soil‐available potassium was positively correlated with mycorrhizal colonization and species richness. Spore density was negatively correlated with soil pH, whereas the Shannon–Wiener diversity index was positively correlated with total potassium. Most of the soil and climatic factors measured affected the AMF indices directly rather than indirectly. The relative abundances of 13 AMF species were strongly affected by precipitation, temperature, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and available potassium. This suggests that AMF species are diverse and Funneliformis was the most common and dominant AMF genus in the rhizosphere soil under black locust in the Loess Plateau. Precipitation directly affected AMF status and diversity in this distinctive semi‐arid ecosystem.
A New Ginglymodi (Actinopterygii, Holostei) from the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous of Thailand, with Comments on the Early Diversification of Lepisosteiformes in Southeast Asia

ABSTRACT A new ginglymodian fish, Khoratichthys gibbus, gen. et sp. nov., is described based on the impression of a single articulated fish preserved on a sandstone slab from the Late Jurassic—Early Cretaceous Phu Kradung Formation, northeastern Thailand. Khoratichthys gibbus is characterized by a distinct humpbacked body with elongate posterior spines on the dorsal ridge scales; the cheek is completely covered by bone; it has few infraorbitals, the elongate anterior-most one shows a tiny contact with the orbit, and six suborbitals arranged in one row; the opercule is rectancular in shape; the preopercule is narrow and regularly curved; and the interopercule large. A cladistic analysis including the type species of 25 ginglymodian genera indicates that Khoratichthys is the basal-most Lepisosteiformes, in an unresolved position with Neosemionotus and Lophionotus. This taxon provides a new evidence of the high diversity of ginglymodian fishes in the Phu Kradung Formation. A high taxic diversity of ginglymodians in Middle Jurassic—Early Cretaceous of southern Asian (excluding India) freshwater environments is observed, indicating that this clade occupied a major position in freshwater fish assemblages.
Genetic Variation among Thai Dugong (Dugong dugon) Populations from Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 1 DNA Sequence Data

Dugong (Dugong dugon) was classified as vulnerable and currently considered rare over most of this range. The population of dugong in Thailand was found in fragmented habitats along the Thai coast. Genetic studies were used in this study to determine the variation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) DNA sequence of ten dugong samples from Krabi, Phuket, Trang and Satun Province. The DNA extraction result showed that the samples stored in ethanol can maintain the integrity of the genetic material for a long time. The length of COI sequence was 794 to 859 bp and the average length was 823.4 bp. All COI sequences in this study were identical to GenBank accession numbers AY075116.1 which have an average of 91.34%. The lowest genetic distance (0.005) was between dugong 3 and dugong 4, while the highest (0.163) was between dugong 6 and dugong 10 with an average of 0.070. The low genetic distance demonstrated that the gene flow between the dugong population in each area still occurred. The dendrogram constructed from COI sequence comparisons using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the TamuraNei model divided ten dugong samples into three subgroups. The major group comprised of seven dugong samples which were collected around Koh Libong and the coastal areas of Trang Province. The clustering corresponds to the area with the largest and abundant seagrass.
inhibitors impairs tumor cell recognition by NK cells Downregulation of the activating NKp30 ligand B7-H6 by HDAC

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Development of near-infrared spectroscopy calibrations to estimate fecal composition and nutrient digestibility in beef cattle

Abstract: Feces from cattle fed 65 different diets were used to develop near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibrations to predict fecal composition [organic matter (OM), starch, nitrogen (N), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and ether extract (EE)], and feces from cattle fed 23 different diets were used to predict digestibility [dry matter (DM), OM, starch, crude protein (CP), NDF, ADF, and gross energy (GE)]. The predictions of these parameters in feces collected from cattle fed wheat or barley grain (89% of diet DM) with barley silage (study 1) or barley grain diets containing varying levels of barley silage (study 2) were assessed. Validations for fecal composition displayed moderate to excellent linearity (R 2 val ≥ 0.70) for OM, starch, N, NDF, and ADL and poor linearity for ADF and EE (R 2 val = 0.25). When both digestibility and feedlot data sets were combined, cross-validation for fecal composition found accurate predictions (R 2 CV ≥ 0.90, SECV ≤ 2.42) for all fecal constituents except EE. Accuracy of predicting digestibility was high for starch (R 2 CV = 0.84, SECV = 1.06), good to moderate for DM, OM, CP, and GE (R 2 CV ≥ 0.62, SECV ≤ 3.63) but poor for NDF and ADF (R 2 CV ≤ 0.33, SECV ≥ 7.86). We conclude that fecal NIRS can predict both chemical composition and digestibility of most nutrients in feedlot cattle feces.
Molecular and Conventional Detection of Zoonotic Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Children and Calves in Upper Egypt

Giardia and Cryptosporidium are wide spread pathogens of human and many species of mammals. This study aimed to investigate the potential direct transmission of Giardia and Cryptosporidium between cattle calves and the surrounding living children and to improve the knowledge of zoonotic Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis situation in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Faecal samples from 70 diarrheic children (above 5 years) and 62 diarrheic calves (1-3 months) were collected from the same villages at Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Samples were subjected to conventional microscopic examination for Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Positive samples were subjected to molecular identification. By conventional microscopic examination, Giardia cysts were detected in 27 out of 70 (38.57%) child’s stool samples, while Cryptosporidium oocyst were detected in 12 samples (17.14%). Mixed infection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium were detected in all Cryptosporidium positive samples. In children, 81.48% of Giardia samples were G. intestinalis assemblage B meanwhile, all samples were negative by PCR for C. parvum. In calves 29.03% of faecal samples were positive for Giardia by microscopic examination, while only 12.90% of those samples were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. 21 out of 26 (80.76%) Giardia positive samples were positive to G. intestinalis assemblage B and 22 out of 26 Cryptosporidium positive samples (84.61%) were positive for C. parvum. High prevalence of G. intestinalis assemblage B infection detected among children was significantly associated with contact with calves explaining the existence of its zoonotic transmission and more studies are needed to investigate the zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium in the study area.
Growth and Metabolism of Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria in Synthetic Wine

A chemically defined synthetic wine was used to study the growth and metabolism of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Leuconostoc oenos 122 and 252 grew well at initial pH 4.0 and 3.2. Pediococcus parvulus 93 and Lactobacillus plantarum 49 also grew well at initial pH 4.0, but were inhibited at initial pH 3.5. A variety of sugars (pentoses, hexoses, and disaccharides) were utilized by leuconostocs and Lb. plantarum, but only mannose, glucose, and trehalose were fermented by Pd. parvulus. Glucose and trehalose were preferentially utilized over other sugars by leuconostocs at initial pH 4. Polyols, including tetriols, pentitols, and hexitols, were formed by all strains at initial pH 4. The polyol mannitol, however, was utilized by Lb. plantarum. Sugar utilization was greatly decreased and polyol formation (except mannitol) was not observed with leuconostocs at pH 3.2. L-Malic acid was metabolized by all strains with the formation of lactic acid. Citric acid was also degraded by the strains studied except for Pd. parvulus. L-Arginine was degraded by leuconostocs only with the production of ornithine and ammonia at pH 4, but not at pH 3.2. L-Malic acid, citric acid and L-arginine could not support growth of any LAB without the presence of a fermentable carbohydrate. This study highlights the need for more basic research on the metabolism of wine LAB.
Phytoremediation of copper-contaminated sewage sludge by tropical plants.

MARYAM G, MAJID NM, ISLAM MM, AHMED OH & ABDU A. 2015. Phytoremediation of coppercontaminated sewage sludge by tropical plants. Heavy metals are serious environmental pollutants, particularly in areas with anthropogenic activities. Heavy metal pollution in soil is a global environmental problem. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of Jatropha curcas, Acacia mangium and Hopea odorata as phytoremediators capable of absorbing Cu from soil contaminated with sewage sludge. Seedlings were planted on six growth media as follows: T0 (100% soil), T1 (80% soil + 20% sludge), T2 (60% soil + 40% sludge), T3 (40% soil + 60% sludge), T4 (20% soil + 80% sludge) and T5 (100% sludge). The highest Cu accumulation (27.6 ppm) was recorded in 100% sewage sludge. Roots showed the highest Cu concentration. Cu was highest in J. curcas. Acacia mangium and H. odorata showed the highest bioconcentration factor (BCF) in the control, whereas J. curcas showed the highest BCF in T1 (20% sludge). The highest translocation factor (TF) for J. curcas and A. mangium were in T5 (100% sludge), whereas T2 (40% sludge) showed the highest TF for H. odorata. Jatropha curcas and A. mangium had high TF and low BCF in soil with higher Cu concentrations. Therefore, J. curcas and A. mangium could be used to decontaminate Cu-polluted soil.
The status of Rhimphoctona, with special Reference to the higher Categories within Campopleginae and the Relationships of the Subfamily (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

The relationship of the ichneumonid subfamily Campopleginae to other subfamilies is examined; the Cremastinae is hypothesized to be its sister-group. The informal name Ophioniformes is suggested for the monophyletic group consisting of Banchinae, Ctenopelmatinae, Tersilochinae, Tatogastrinae, Ophioninae, Anomaloninae, Campopleginae, and Cremastinae. Townes' tribal classification of Campopleginae is unsatisfactory from a phylogenetic standpoint and an informal system of generic groupings should be substituted. The question of the relationship oiRhimphoctona to Pyracmon is critically examined, as well as their relationships to other genera; species group relationships withinRhimphoctona are also analyzed. Nomenclatural changes are: Bathypiesta (NEW SYNONYM) and Biolysia are junior synonyms of Bathyplectes, Synetaeris is maintained as separate from Pyracmon, Rhimphoctona is kept separate from Pyracmon, Xylophylax is placed as a subgenus oiRhimphoctona, and Euraspidion is a junior synonym oiXylophylax (NEW SYNONYM).
Genetic Diversity of Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes Assessed by SSR Markers under Temperate Conditions

Genetic Diversity of Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes Assessed by SSR Markers under Temperate Conditions A set of twenty four maize lines comprising fifteen drought promising inbred lines, four drought susceptible inbred lines and five drought tolerant checks were analyzed for molecular characterization. These inbred lines belong to AICRP (All India Co-ordinated Research Programme) Maize Srinagar Centre and the checks were selected from CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre) material. Molecular characterization was done using a set of 45 SSR markers having genome wide coverage. The marker data was analyzed using Power Marker Software (Version 3.25). The markers detected a total of 271 alleles with an average of 8.46 alleles per locus in twenty four maize lines. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.56 and 0.89 with a mean of 0.78. The level of heterozygosity in the inbred panel was significantly low. The mean value of heterozygosity was 0.05 implying that most of the loci attained homozygosity. Dendrogram derived from UPGMA cluster analysis showed presence of two major clusters, one of which had many subgroups. Phenotyping of these inbreds was done by using morphological, maturity, physiological, yield and yield attributing traits. Genotyping data complemented by phenotyping data would be used to identify a number of pairwise combinations for the development of mapping populations for drought tolerance related traits and potential heterotic pairs for the development of drought tolerant hybrids.
MECHANISM OF UPREGULATION OF PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE SYNTHESIS DURING PICORNAVIRUS INFECTION AND ITS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIRAL REPLICATION ORGANELLES

Title of Document: MECHANISM OF UPREGULATION OF PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE SYNTHESIS DURING PICORNAVIRUS INFECTION AND ITS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIRAL REPLICATION ORGANELLES. Jules A Nchoutmboube, Doctor of Philosophy, 2016 Directed By: Dr. George Belov, Associate Professor Department of Veterinary medicine, University of Maryland, College Park Picornaviruses are a group of human and animal pathogens capable of inflicting serious public health diseases and economic burdens. Treatments options through vaccines for prevention or antivirals to cure infection are not available for the vast majority of these viruses. These shortcomings, in the development of vaccines or antivirals therapeutic, are linked to the genetic diversity and to an incomplete understanding of the biology of these viruses. Despite the diverse host range, this group of positive-strand RNA viruses shares the same replication mechanisms, including the development of membranous structures (replication organelles) in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The development of these membranous structures, which serve as sites for the replication of the viral RNA genome, has been linked to the hijacking of elements of the cellular membrane metabolism pathways. Here we show that upon picornavirus infection, there is a specific activation of acyl-CoA synthetase enzymes resulting in strong import and accumulation of long chain fatty acids in the cytoplasm of infected cells. We show that the newly imported fatty acids serve as a substrate for the upregulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis required for the structural development of replication organelles. In this work, we identified that acyl-CoA synthetase long chain 3 (ACSL3) is required for the upregulation of lipids syntheses and the replication of poliovirus. We have shown that the poliovirus protein 2A was required but not sufficient for the activation of import of long chain fatty acids in infected cells. We demonstrated that the fatty acid import is upregulated upon infection by diverse picornaviruses and that such upregulation is not dependent on activation of ER stress response or the autophagy pathways. In this work, we have demonstrated that phosphatidylcholine was required for the structural development of replication organelles. Phosphatidylcholine synthesis was dispensable for the production of infectious particles at high MOI but required at a low MOI for the protection of the replication complexes from the cellular innate immunity mechanisms. MECHANISM OF UPREGULATION OF PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE SYNTHESIS DURING PICORNAVIRUS INFECTION AND ITS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VIRAL REPLICATION ORGANELLES
Is genome size of Lepidoptera linked to host plant range?

Genome size varies considerably among organisms, largely as the result of differences in the content of non‐coding and/or repetitive DNA, such as introns, pseudogenes, or transposable elements, as well as whole‐genome duplications. Genome size is known to correlate with metabolic rates. Because polyphagy also affects the metabolism, a correlation between diet specialization and genome size can be expected. To test this hypothesis, a study was undertaken with five closely related species of stem borers which are easy to rear under artificial conditions, namely Busseola fusca (Fuller), Busseola segeta (Bowden), Busseola nairobica Le Ru, Sesamia calamistis Hampson, and Sesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre (all Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). However, as the number of species was too low for correlating diet with genome size in Lepidoptera in general, literature data from 16 Lepidoptera species were used in addition. The results pointed to a relationship between genome size and the insect's host plant range in Lepidoptera, but below the family level only, with larger genomes in polyphagous compared to specialist species. In addition, the genome size appeared to be influenced not only by host plant range but also by environmental/climatic conditions. Studies to test this hypothesis should be done strictly below the family level.
Helminth Parasites of Lane Snapper, Lutjanus synagris from Santiaguillo Reef, Veracruz, Mexico

In 51 specimens of lane snapper, Lutjanus synagris , captured in Santiaguillo Reef, Veracruz Reef National Park System, State of Veracruz, in the Southern Gulf of Mexico, a total of 25 helminth species were recovered, as follows: 9 digeneans (8 adults, and 1 metacercaria), 7 monogeneans, 6 nematodes (4 adults, and 2 larvae), 2 cestodes (both larvae), and 1 acanthocephalan (juvenile). Out of the 25 species, 11 are new host records; 2 have prevalence > 50%, and mean intensity > 4.7; Haliotrematoides cornigerum (monogenean) had the highest prevalence, 94.11%, followed by Euryhaliotrema tubocirrus with prevalence of 66.67%. Richness ( S = 25) and diversity (Shannon index H’ = 2.13) at component community, and endoparasites infracommunity level ( S = 6.27 ± 2.5, Brillouin index H = 1.07 ± 0.42), and ectoparasites infracommunity level ( S = 3.6875 ± 1.87, Brillouin index H = 0.74 ± 0.4), were similar to those found in other marine fish. Results suggests that the host feeding habits determine the endoparasites composition, while the ectoparasites composition is associated to the environmental conditions.