Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Tuberculosis among Household Heads in Mogadishu, Somalia

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that reappears after they have been on a significant decline occurring worldwide and a source of multi-billion- dollar loss and human fatality yearly. The situation is worse in developing countries like Somalia, where lower knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the people is impending. A cross sectional survey was conducted between January 2022 and June 2022 to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices towards tuberculosis among 171 household heads in Wadajir district Mogadishu, Somalia. A structured questionnaire was designed, pretested and self-administered to household heads. Human TB was recognized by 157(91.8 %) of household heads, while only 34(19.9%) had heard of animal TB. In the present study, 121(70.8%) of household heads had not considered bovine Tb as zoonosis. Majorities of respondents indicated that they have acquired the awareness about TB from Family/neighbors that accounts for about 80(46.8%), and only 38(22.2%) of them got information from radio/TV. Knowledge on the infectious cause of human and animal TB was known by 4.7%. However, misperceptions such as weather and toxins were also implicated as causes of human TB. In the present study, a significant proportion (48.5%) of the study population used to consume raw milk that was studied as the sources of infection to TB. Herein, the majority of household heads have indicated inhalation (57.3%) and contacts (23.4%) as means of transmission of human tuberculosis and only (15.7%) of respondents mentioned consuming raw animal products. In conclusion, as the bovine tuberculosis is less aware as well as misperception about cause, ways of transmission and prevention towards human tuberculosis on household heads. Thus, it is highly necessary to convey public health education to assemble public awareness about the transmission, etiology, predisposing factors of infection and its prevention and control in the study area.
Participación en el proceso reproductivo: toma de decisiones durante el embarazo y parto

Introducción. Potenciar la participación de las mujeres durante el embarazo y el parto se alinea con el llamado de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y se vincula con efectos en la satisfacción usuaria, resultados clínicos de salud y una mejor gestión de los prestadores de salud. Objetivo. Descubrir las necesidades de participación en la toma de decisiones de las mujeres durante el proceso del embarazo y parto. Método. Análisis secundario de un estudio cualitativo descriptivo con mujeres hospitalizadas del servicio de puerperio de dos hospitales en Santiago de Chile. El análisis de los datos se realizó utilizando el método propuesto por la Grounded Theory. Resultados. Participaron doce mujeres en dos grupos focales. Del análisis relacional se desprende que la participación en el proceso reproductivo es interferida por dos grupos de factores vinculados a significados culturales y a la vulneración de los derechos de las mujeres. Conclusiones. La participación de las mujeres en las decisiones clínicas durante el proceso de embarazo y parto es aún escasa y el poder sigue manteniéndose en los profesionales de la salud, perpetuándose prácticas de violencia institucional. Para avanzar en una práctica obstétrica centrada en las mujeres, es importante reconocer el papel activo que ellas quieren y pueden cumplir para vivir una experiencia positiva y satisfactoria.
Latest advances in cell-death pathway approaches in treating high-risk neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of childhood's most common malignant tumours worldwide. Upon diagnosis, NB is categorized according to staging and risk, with treatment according to different risk categories. High-risk NB is treated with intensive chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, bone marrow / hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, differentiation treatment of isotretinoin and antibody therapy that is usually administered with the cytokines GM-CSF and IL-2. To date, the genetic profile of NB is still being investigated. The most established gene associated with NB is the MYCN Proto-Oncogene, BHLH Transcription Factor (MYCN) amplification that contributes to the risk stratification of the disease. MYCN gene is an important foetal oncogene involved in cell proliferation for organ and tissue growth. Unfortunately, despite significant advances in the treatment of NB in recent decades, the prognosis for high-risk patients remains unfavourable since the overall 5-year survival rate, according to statistical data, does not exceed 40%. The use of cell technologies in paediatric oncology and haematology occupies a significant place and continues to improve. Since one of the leading causes of tumour development is an imbalance between cell death and cell survival, this paper aims to discuss treatment strategies to eliminate tumour cells using cell death pathways, including inducing apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, bioenergetics pathways, and immunotherapy. In conclusion, there is a need for a well-studied genetic profile of NB, which will allow the identification of new biomarkers, thereby contributing to the development of new therapeutic strategies. At the point of this review, immunotherapy seems to be the most promising treatment for high-risk NB as it has been highly effective in other kinds of cancer.
Development and Characterization of Carbon-Based Adsorbents Derived from Agricultural Wastes and Their Effectiveness in Adsorption of Heavy Metals in Waste Water

The current work focuses on peanut shells and agricultural wastes richly in many nations subjected to pyrolysis treatment at various temperatures in the range of 500–800°C to determine the feasible physiochemical characteristics of the biochar. The biochars with the high surface area were employed to adsorb Pb2+ (lead) ions, the heaviest pollutants in the water bodies. The raw material, biochar, and pyrolyzed biochar were characterized by SEM, FTIR, partial and elemental analysis, and BET tests. The adsorption characteristics of the biochar, pre- and postpyrolysis treatment, were studied with the assistance of batch adsorption tests under varying test conditions. Adsorbing conditions were determined by evaluating the effects of adsorbing parameters like initial concentration of the lead in water, pH of the adsorbent, contact time, and mixing speed on the effective adsorption of Pb2+ ions from water. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Themkin isotherm expressions were employed to study the experimental results. The adsorption kinetics study showed that the synthesized biochars were chemically stable enough to adsorb the Pb ions onto the surface.
Single Cell Sequencing Reveals Mechanisms of Persistent Truncus Arteriosus Formation after PDGFRα and PDGFRβ Double Knockout in Cardiac Neural Crest Cells

Persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) is an uncommon and complex congenital cardiac malformation accounting for about 1.2% of all congenital heart diseases (CHDs), which is caused by a deficiency in the embryonic heart outflow tract’s (OFT) septation and remodeling. PDGFRα and PDGFRβ double knockout (DKO) in cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) has been reported to cause PTA, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we constructed a PTA mouse model with PDGFRα and PDGFRβ double knockout in Pax3+ CNCCs and described the condensation failure into OFT septum of CNCC-derived cells due to disturbance of cell polarity in the DKO group. In addition, we further explored the mechanism with single-cell RNA sequencing. We found that two main cell differentiation trajectories into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from cardiomyocytes (CMs) and mesenchymal cells (MSs), respectively, were interrupted in the DKO group. The process of CM differentiation into VSMC stagnated in a transitional CM I-like state, which contributed to the failure of OFT remodeling and muscular septum formation. On the other hand, a Penk+ transitional MS II cluster closely related to cell condensation into the OFT septum disappeared, which led to the OFT’s septation absence directly. In conclusion, the disturbance of CNCC-derived cells caused by PDGFRα and PDGFRβ knockout can lead to the OFT septation disorder and the occurrence of PTA.
TESTING THE UNIFICATION MODEL FOR ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN THE INFRARED: ARE THE OBSCURING TORI OF TYPE 1 AND 2 SEYFERTS DIFFERENT?

We present new mid-infrared imaging data for three Type-1 Seyfert galaxies obtained with T-ReCS on the Gemini-South Telescope at subarcsecond resolution. Our aim is to enlarge the sample studied in a previous work to compare the properties of Type-1 and Type-2 Seyfert tori using clumpy torus models and a Bayesian approach to fit the infrared (IR) nuclear spectral energy distributions. Thus, the sample considered here comprises 7 Type-1, 11 Type-2, and 3 intermediate-type Seyferts. The unresolved IR emission of the Seyfert 1 galaxies can be reproduced by a combination of dust heated by the central engine and direct active galactic nucleus (AGN) emission, while for the Seyfert 2 nuclei only dust emission is considered. These dusty tori have physical sizes smaller than 6 pc radius, as derived from our fits. Unification schemes of AGN account for a variety of observational differences in terms of viewing geometry. However, we find evidence that strong unification may not hold and that the immediate dusty surroundings of Type-1 and Type-2 Seyfert nuclei are intrinsically different. The Type-2 tori studied here are broader, have more clumps, and these clumps have lower optical depths than those of Type-1 tori. The larger the covering factor of the torus, the smaller the probability of having a direct view of the AGN, and vice versa. In our sample, Seyfert 2 tori have larger covering factors (CT = 0.95 ± 0.02) and smaller escape probabilities (Pesc = 0.05% ± 0.080.03%) than those of Seyfert 1 (CT = 0.5 ± 0.1; Pesc = 18% ± 3%). All the previous differences are significant according to the Kullback–Leibler divergence. Thus, on the basis of the results presented here, the classification of a Seyfert galaxy as a Type-1 or Type-2 depends more on the intrinsic properties of the torus rather than on its mere inclination toward us, in contradiction with the simplest unification model.
A HOT JUPITER FOR BREAKFAST? EARLY STELLAR INGESTION OF PLANETS MAY BE COMMON

Models of planet formation and evolution predict that giant planets form efficiently in protoplanetary disks, that most of these migrate rapidly to the disk’s inner edge, and that, if the arriving planet’s mass is ≲ Jupiter’s mass, then it could remain stranded near that radius. We argue that such planets would be ingested by tidal interaction with the host star on a timescale ≲ 1 ? > Gyr, and that, in the case of a solar-type host, this would cause the stellar spin to approach the direction of the ingested planet’s orbital axis even if the two were initially highly misaligned. Primordially misaligned stars whose effective temperatures are ≳ 6250 ? > K cannot be realigned in this way because, in contrast with solar-type hosts, their angular momenta are typically higher than the orbital angular momentum of the ingested planet as a result of inefficient magnetic braking and of a comparatively large moment of inertia. Hot Jupiters located farther out from the star can contribute to this process, but their effect is weaker because the tidal interaction strength decreases rapidly with increasing semimajor axis. We demonstrate that, if ∼ 50 % ? > of planetary systems harbored a stranded hot Jupiter, this scenario can in principle account for (1) the good alignment exhibited by planets around cool stars irrespective of the planet’s mass or orbital period, (2) the prevalence of misaligned planets around hot stars, (3) the apparent upper bound on the mass of hot Jupiters on retrograde orbits, and (4) the inverse correlation between stellar spin periods and hot-Jupiter masses.
The Farm Size-Productivity Relationship: Evidence From Panel Data Analysis of Small- and Medium-Scale Farms in Nigeria

The finding that smaller farms are more productive than larger farms has long been documented. At present, evidence in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) region has been largely limited to data from farms operating 5ha and below. Examining changes in farm size distributions and their relationship with agricultural productivity is important not only for agricultural economists and development researchers but also for evidence-based policymaking which goes beyond the current smallholder-led strategies for development in the region. This study examined the dynamics of farm operations between small-scale farms (SSFs) and medium-scale farms (MSFs) over time in different farm size categories and their relationship with agricultural productivity using farming household data spanning 0–40ha in Nigeria.
Effects of a School-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Obesity, Health-Related Physical Fitness, and Blood Pressure in Children with Intellectual Disability: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Children with intellectual disability (ID) are more vulnerable to health conditions than their typically developing peers. Evidence of effective interventions is scarce. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 30 overweight and obese children with intellectual disability (ID) in China to evaluate a 12-week school-based physical activity intervention for obesity, health-related physical fitness (HRPF), and blood pressure. The intervention consisted of 24 physical activity (PA) sessions (2 sessions/week, 60 min/session), with exercise intensity progressively increasing from a moderate level to a vigorous level. All participants were followed up for 12 weeks after the intervention period to evaluate sustained effects. Outcomes were repeatedly measured at baseline, after the intervention, and after follow-up. The intervention was effective in reducing some obesity-related outcomes (including weight and body mass index) and improving some HRPF-related outcomes (including the 6 min walk test and the 30 s sit-to-stand test), with the significant effects being sustained after the 12-week follow-up. No effect was observed on blood pressure. The findings of this study contribute to the development and implementation of PA interventions to reduce obesity and improve HRPF in children with ID.
Hookworm in Stray Cats (Felis silvestris catus) as Cutaneous Larva Migrant Agent (CLM) in Humans

Highlights : Risk factors that can increase the incidence of CLM in humans include male sex, children aged <15 years, low-income people, and daily behaviour of walking outdoors without using footwear, especially on the sand. Risk factors that play the most role in increasing the incidence of CLM in humans are walking outdoors without using footwear, especially on the sand. Abstract : Cats arethe host of a wide variety of microorganisms including ectoparasites and endoparasites.One of theendoparasites that infect cats is hookworm. The hookworms consists of two groups, the animal hookworms, and the human hookworms. The manifestation that can be caused by animal hookworms to humans is Cutaneous Larva Migrant (CLM). This study aimed to discover whether hookworm in stray cats (Felis silvestris catus) can cause CLM in humans. We performed a systematic search in Pubmed/Medline and Cochrane published between 2016 and 2021 with no restrictions by language, research country, or type of research design . The results of the analysis showed that the high level of hookworms infection in stray cats could increase the risk of CLM in humans. Based on the study, we could conclude that the high prevalence of hookworm infection in cats plays an important role in the increased risk of zoonoses in humans which in turn could also increase the prevalence of CLM in humans.
Elliptically bent conformal phased array of modified box‐horns for hyperthermia treatment of tumors

A novel and effective hyperthermia applicator utilizing an elliptically bent conformal phased array of modified box‐horns is analyzed using Fresnel‐Kirchhoff scalar diffraction field theory. This configuration is mainly intended as a specialized and very effective applicator for hyperthermia treatment of tumor within curved portions of human body such as abdomen, chest, neck, etc. It is proposed that the interior of the modified box‐horn as well as feeding device be filled with de‐ionized water to provide a better impedance match to the tissue. The contour distribution of specific absorption rate (SAR) in x‐y plane, SAR distribution in z‐direction, penetration depth, power absorption coefficient and effective field size (EFS) due to the conformal array as well as single modified box‐horn are evaluated and compared at 2450 MHz. The effect of change in phase and amplitude excitation of modified box‐horn of the array on SAR distribution is also investigated. Results demonstrate that conformal phased array of modified box‐horns offers marked improvement in SAR distribution and penetration depth over single modified box‐horn. The results obtained by the present analysis for linear array of four titanium dioxide loaded horns terminated in water are validated against published experimental results available in the literature.
The Role of Biomarkers in the Management of Colorectal Liver Metastases

Simple Summary Colorectal cancer remains one of the most significant sources of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. The liver is the most common site of metastatic spread. Multiple modalities exist to manage and potentially cure patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. However, reliable biomarkers to assist with clinical decision-making are limited. Recent advances in genomic sequencing technology have greatly expanded our knowledge of colorectal cancer carcinogenesis and significantly reduced the cost and timing of the investigation. In this article, we discuss the current utility of biomarkers in the management of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Abstract Surgical management combined with improved systemic therapies have extended 5-year overall survival beyond 50% among patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Furthermore, a multitude of liver-directed therapies has improved local disease control for patients with unresectable CRLM. Unfortunately, a significant portion of patients treated with curative-intent hepatectomy develops disease recurrence. Traditional markers fail to risk-stratify and prognosticate patients with CRLM appropriately. Over the last few decades, advances in molecular sequencing technology have greatly expanded our knowledge of the pathophysiology and tumor microenvironment characteristics of CRLM. These investigations have revealed biomarkers with the potential to better inform management decisions in patients with CRLM. Actionable biomarkers such as RAS and BRAF mutations, microsatellite instability/mismatch repair status, and tumor mutational burden have been incorporated into national and societal guidelines. Other biomarkers, including circulating tumor DNA and radiomic features, are under active investigation to evaluate their clinical utility. Given the plethora of therapeutic modalities and lack of evidence on timing and sequence, reliable biomarkers are needed to assist clinicians with the development of patient-tailored management plans. In this review, we discuss the current evidence regarding biomarkers for patients with CRLM.
Plasma glycocholic acid and linoleic acid identified as potential mediators of mitochondrial bioenergetics in Alzheimer’s dementia

Mitochondrial bioenergetic alterations occur in the brain and peripheral cells of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study focuses on plasma circulating factors, namely lipids, as mediators of systemic bioenergetic differences in participants with normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia due to probable AD (DEM). We examined bioenergetic differences across cognitive groups by measuring the mitochondrial respiration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 37 participants (12 NC, 12 MCI, 13 DEM). PBMC bioenergetics were lower in the DEM group compared to the NC group. To determine whether circulating factors can mediate bioenergetic differences according to cognitive status, we exposed naïve neuronal Neuro-2a (N2a) cells to plasma from each participant in vitro. N2a bioenergetics were lower following plasma exposure from DEM compared to NC group participants. Notably, PBMC Max and N2a Max positively correlated, suggesting that circulating factors modulate the bioenergetics of naïve N2a cells according to the bioenergetic capacity of donor primary PBMCs. To identify lipid metabolites that may contribute to bioenergetic differences between cognitive groups, we performed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to assess the abundance of individual lipid species and correlated PBMC and N2a bioenergetics. Glycocholic acid (GCA) positively correlated with PBMC and N2a bioenergetics, while linoleic acid (LA) was negatively correlated. These data suggest that GCA and LA may contribute to the stimulatory and inhibitory bioenergetics effects related to cognitive status. Post hoc analyses revealed that GCA abundance was lower by 52.9% in the DEM group compared to the NC group and that LA abundance was higher by 55.7% in the DEM group compared to the NC group. To validate these findings, we examined the abundance of GCA and LA in the larger, more diverse, parent cohort (n = 378) and found similar results; GCA abundance was lower by 29.7% in the DEM group compared to the NC group and LA abundance was higher by 17.8% in the DEM group compared to the NC group. These data demonstrate that circulating factors have a direct effect on mitochondrial bioenergetics and that individual circulating factors identified to be associated with mitochondrial function are differentially expressed in patients with dementia.
Case report: Thirty-year progression of an EMPF1 encephalopathy due to defective mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission caused by a novel de novo heterozygous DNM1L variant

Mutations in DNM1L (DRP1), which encode a key player of mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission, have been reported in patients with the variable phenotypic spectrum, ranging from non-syndromic optic atrophy to lethal infantile encephalopathy. Here, we report a case of an adult female patient presenting with a complex neurological phenotype that associates axonal sensory neuropathy, spasticity, optic atrophy, dysarthria, dysphasia, dystonia, and ataxia, worsening with aging. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous de novo variant in the GTPase domain of DNM1L [NM_001278464. 1: c.176C>A p.(Thr59Asn)] making her the oldest patient suffering from encephalopathy due to defective mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission-1. In silico analysis suggested a protein destabilization effect of the variant Thr59Asn. Unexpectedly, Western blotting disclosed profound decrease of DNM1L expression, probably related to the degradation of DNM1L complexes. A detailed description of mitochondrial and peroxisomal anomalies in transmission electron and 3D fluorescence microscopy studies confirmed the exceptional phenotype of this patient.
Schaum's outline of theory and problems of differential geometry : including 500 solved problems completely solved in detail / Martin M. Lipschutz

Vectors. Vector Functions of Real Variable. Concept of Curve. Curvature and Torsion. Theory of Curves. Elementary Topology in Euclidean Spaces. Vector Functions of Vector Variable. Concept of Curve. First and Second Fundamental Forms. Theory of Surfaces. Tensor Analysis. Intrinsic Geometry. Appendix. Existence Theorem for Curves. Existence Theorem for Surfaces.