Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Continuous Dynamics of Dissolved Methane Over 2 Years and its Carbon Isotopes (δ13C, Δ14C) in a Small Arctic Lake in the Mackenzie Delta

Seasonally ice‐covered permafrost lakes in the Arctic emit methane to the atmosphere during periods of open‐water. However, processes contributing to methane cycling under‐ice have not been thoroughly addressed despite the potential for significant methane emission to the atmosphere at ice‐out. We studied annual dissolved methane dynamics within a small (0.2 ha) Mackenzie River Delta lake using sensor and water sampling packages that autonomously and continuously collected lake water samples, respectively, for two years at multiple water column depths. Lake physical and biogeochemical properties (temperature; light; concentrations of dissolved oxygen, manganese, iron, and dissolved methane, including stable carbon, and radiocarbon isotopes) revealed annual patterns. Dissolved methane concentrations increase under‐ice after electron acceptors (oxygen, manganese, and iron oxides) are depleted or inaccessible from the water column. The radiocarbon age of dissolved methane suggests a source from recently decomposed carbon as opposed to thawed ancient permafrost. Sources of dissolved methane under‐ice include a diffusive flux from the sediments and may include water column methanogenesis and/or under‐ice hydrodynamic controls. Following ice‐out, the water column only partially mixes allowing half of the winter‐derived dissolved methane to be microbially oxidized. Despite oxidation at depth, surface water was a source of methane to the atmosphere. The greatest diffusive fluxes to the atmosphere occurred following ice‐out (75 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1) and during a mixing episode in mid‐July, likely driven by a storm event. This study demonstrates the importance of fine‐scale temporal sampling to understand dissolved methane processes in seasonally ice‐covered lakes.
Database for landscape-scale carbon monitoring sites

This report describes the database used to compile, store, and manage intensive ground-based biometric data collected at research sites in Colorado, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Wyoming, supporting research activities of the U.S. North American Carbon Program (NACP). This report also provides details of each site, the sampling design and collection standards for biometric measurements, the database design, data summary examples, and the uses of intensive ground-based biometric data. Additional information on location descriptions, data, databases, and documentation may be accessed at http://www.nrs. fs.fed. us/data/lcms.
BEBERAPA FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN LEPTOSPIROSIS DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS BANDARHARJO SEMARANG TAHUN 2013

Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit infeksi pada manusia dan binatang yang disebabkan oleh bakteri leptospira yang berbentuk spiral dan bergerak aktif. Leptospira bisa terdapat pada binatang peliharaan seperti anjing, sapi, kerbau, maupun binatang liar seperti tikus, musang, dan sebagainya. Manusia terinfeksi bakteri leptospira karena kontak dengan air atau tanah yang terkontaminasi oleh urin atau cairan tubuh lainnya dari hewan yang terinfeksi bakteri leptospira. Leptospira masuk lewat kulit yang luka atau membran mukosa. Pada tahun 2011 angka kematian atau Case Fatality Rate (CFR) di Indonesia mencapai 9,57%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor – faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian leptospirosis di wilayah Puskesmas Bandarharjo Semarang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan metode survey dan pendekatan case control. Jumlah sampel 30 responden dengan 15 sebagai kasus dan 15 sebagai kontrol di wilayah Puskesmas Bandarharjo Semarang periode 2012-2013. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah pedoman observasi dan pertanyaan. Metode pengolahan data menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis pekerjaan responden berisiko (43%), kondisi tempat sampah responden buruk (60%), kondisi selokan responden buruk (63,3%), tidak memakai APD (sepatu boot, sarung tangan) (70%), adanya keberadaan tikus (46,7%). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara jenis pekerjaan dengan kejadian leptospirosis (p = 0,713 dan OR= 1,3), ada hubungan antara kondisi tempat sampah dengan kejadian leptospirosis (p = 0,003 dan OR= 13), ada hubungan antara kondisi selokan dengan kejadian leptospirosis (p = 0,008 dan OR= 9,75), ada hubungan antara pemakaian APD (sepatu boot, sarung tangan) dengan kejadian leptospirosis (p = 0,02 dan OR = 7,429) dan ada hubungan antara keberadaan tikus dengan kejadian leptospirosis (p = 0,028 dan OR = 5,5). Saran kepada masyarakat agar menutup tempat sampah, menjaga kebersihan lingkungan rumah dan sampah jangan sampai dibiarkan berserakan, membersihkan selokan rutin sehingga air selokan tidak menggenang mengalir lancar dan tidak meluap, menggunakan APD pada saat kontak dengan air kotor atau air yang berisiko pada saat bekerja ataupun pada saat kegiatan bersih - bersih ,dan memberantas tikus dengan cara fisika, kimia dan biologi (memasang jebakan tikus, lem tikus, memelihara kucing untuk membasmi tikus).
Linear and Geometric Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Cracked Square Plates under Mode I and Mode II Loading

Conventional finite element analyses of cracked specimens assuming linear elastic material behaviour do not take into account geometric nonlinearities in the vicinity of a crack tip. In order to investigate the effect of these nonlinearities simple finite element calculations were carried out, using both a linear solver and an iterative geometric nonlinear solver, for both Mode I and Mode II loading. Under Mode I loading a crack tip blunts. In consequence the effect of using the nonlinear solver was to decrease crack surface displacements in the vicinity of a crack tip. However the effect was small and hence unlikely to be of practical significance. Behaviour under Mode II loading is fundamentally different in that a crack tip remains sharp. Once nodal displacements were taken into account using the nonlinear solver had no effect on results. In view of the results obtained it is concluded that there is no point in carrying out more sophisticated finite element calculations.
Aspects of Prediction Accuracy in Human-Structure Interaction

Structures such as grandstands in stadia and office floors in buildings are typically occupied by seated persons, and it is a challenge to predict the dynamic characteristics of these structures. This is because the structures and the seated persons interact when the structures undergo vibrations, basically with the effect that the seated persons influence the dynamic system. The mechanism of the interaction is not well understood, and there are a number of factors that might influence the mechanism of the interaction. Through experiments with a vibrating floor carrying seated humans, the paper looks into the mechanism of the interaction focusing on its effect on dynamic structural properties. It is investigated to which extent factors such as posture of the seated persons and the construction type of the seat on which the persons are sitting have a bearing on the structural frequency and damping. This provides useful insight into the uncertainties and errors that may be involved with predicting these structural properties from simple analytical models not accounting for the factors considered in this paper. The paper describes the conditions for the tests, the modal identification procedures, the test programme, and the test results are discussed.
An Experimental Evaluation of a Method for Simplifying Electronic Maintenance

Two groups of subjects solved the same set of 13 troubleshooting and repair problems in seven solid-state-circuit modules which contained as many as five stages each. Both groups used the same hand tools and test equipment. One group was composed of 41 conventionally trained Air Force 5-and 7-level technicians who normally maintain such equipment as part of their Jobs. The technicians used the same troubleshooting techniques they ordinarily used on their jobs, and they were provided with a performance aid resembling an Air Force technical order. The other group was composed of 20 high-school students with no prior training or experience in electronics. Their training for this study consisted of a 12-hour course in the use of hand tools and test equipment and in the use of the proceduralized troubleshooting aid evaluated in this study. The aid indicated which check to make based upon the outcome of previous checks. Using the proceduralized troubleshooting aid, the high-school students took significantly less troubleshooting time than did the experienced technicians using normal techniques; however, the technicians required significantly less repair time and made significantly fewer errors than did the students. These differences may be accounted for in part by differences in the tasks and scoring methods for the two groups, and there were no differences between the two groups on a number of other measures. However, the difference in training time and, therefore, cost of training between the two groups was so great as to suggest the possibility that job-relevant training and proceduralization of the task can introduce substantial savings, even after the cost of developing the special performance aids required by proceduralized troubleshooting is subtracted.
An investigation of the nature of the radio-frequency dielectric response in cereal grains and oilseeds with engineering implications for grain moisture meters

The goals for this research were: (1) improving the understanding of the dielectric relaxation processes that influence radio-frequency measurements of the dielectric characteristics of cereal grains and oilseeds, and (2) creating a more effective grain moisture measurement algorithm based on deeper understanding of those physical processes. The significance of moisture content in cereal grains and oilseeds, the methods used for grain moisture measurement, and the need for improvements in the radiofrequency dielectric moisture method are reviewed. Background information is presented on dielectric characteristics, with emphasis on dielectric relaxation effects and grain moisture measurement. The grain samples used in this study were obtained in the course of the Annual Moisture Calibration Survey conducted by the USDA-Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration during 1998, 1999, and 2000. These grain samples represented
The Emergence of Technology Systems: Knowledge Production and Distribution in the Case of the Emilian Plastics District

The emergence of technology systems is the result of interdependent dynamics of generation and diffusion of complementary bits of localised technological knowledge. Technological communication is the crucial element assessing the collective conditions under which technological knowledge is accumulated and diffused. The case study of the emerging Emilian technological system in the plastics sector shows that the synchronic and diachronic localised interactions among industrial dynamics, institutional R&D efforts and technological interrelatedness are the determinants of the systematic production, accumulation and distribution of localised technological knowledge, in turn explaining the origin and development of the technology system itself.
Composite analysis for low-level waste disposal in the 200 area plateau of the Hanford Site

This report presents the first iteration of the Composite Analysis for Low-Level Waste Disposal in the 200 Area Plateau of the Hanford Site (Composite Analysis) prepared in response to the U.S. Department of Energy Implementation Plan for the Defense Nuclear Facility Safety Board Recommendation 94-2. The Composite Analysis is a companion document to published analyses of four active or planned low-level waste disposal actions: the solid waste burial grounds in the 200 West Area, the solid waste burial grounds in the 200 East Area, the Environmental Restoration Disposal Facility, and the disposal facilities for immobilized low-activity waste. A single Composite Analysis was prepared for the Hanford Site considering only sources on the 200 Area Plateau. The performance objectives prescribed in U.S. Department of Energy guidance for the Composite Analysis were 100 mrem in a year and examination of a lower dose (30 mrem in a year) to ensure the {open_quotes}as low as reasonably achievable{close_quotes} concept is followed. The 100 mrem in a year limit was the maximum allowable all-pathways dose for 1000 years following Hanford Site closure, which is assumed to occur in 2050. These performance objectives apply to an accessible environment defined as the area between a buffer zonemore » surrounding an exclusive waste management area on the 200 Area Plateau, and the Columbia River. Estimating doses to hypothetical future members of the public for the Composite Analysis was a multistep process involving the estimation or simulation of inventories; waste release to the environment; migration through the vadose zone, groundwater, and atmospheric pathways; and exposure and dose. Doses were estimated for scenarios based on agriculture, residential, industrial, and recreational land use. The radionuclides included in the vadose zone and groundwater pathway analyses of future releases were carbon-14, chlorine-36, selenium-79, technetium-99, iodine-129, and uranium isotopes. « less
Design and analysis of artifact-resistive finger photoplethysmographic sensors for vital sign monitoring

A miniaturized, telemetric, photoplethysmograph sensor for long-term, continuous monitoring is presented in this thesis. The sensor, called a "ring sensor," is attached to a finger base for monitoring beat-to-beat pulsation, and the data is sent to a host computer via a RF transmitter. Two major design issues are addressed: one is to minimize motion artifact and the other is to minimize the consumption of battery power. An efficient double ring design is developed to lower the influence of external force, acceleration, and ambient light, and to hold the sensor gently and securely on the skin, so that the circulation at the finger may not be obstructed. To better understand the mechanism of motion artifact by external forces, a comprehensive mathematical model describing the finger photoplethysmography was developed and verified by finite element method, numerical simulation and experiments. Total power consumption is analyzed in relation to the characteristics of the individual components, sampling rate, and CPU clock speed. Optimal operating conditions are obtained for minimizing the power budget. A prototype ring sensor is designed and built based on the power budget analysis and the artifact-resistive attachment method. It is verified through experiments that the ring sensor is resistant to interfering forces and acceleration acting on the ring body. It is also shown that the device meets diverse and conflicting requirements, including compactness, motion artifact reduction, minimum loading effects, and low battery power consumption. Benchmarking tests with FDA-approved photoplethysmograph and EKG reveal that the ring sensor is comparable to those devices in detecting beat-to-beat pulsation despite disturbances. The long-term monitoring experiment shows that this device can effectively provide a considerable amount of artifact-free vital sign information in everyday life. Finally, guidelines for designing the ring sensor are proposed based on the analyses and the experiment results. Thesis Committee Members: Professor Harry H. Asada, Chairman Professor Roger D. Kamm Professor Roger G. Mark Dr. Boo-Ho Yang
Mamas Baby, Papas Maybe: An American Grammar Book

Let’s face it. I am a marked woman, but not everybody knows my name. “Peaches” and “Brown Sugar,” “Sapphire” and “Earth Mother,” “Aunty,” “Granny,” God’s “Holy Fool,” a “Miss Ebony First,” or “Black Woman at the Podium”: I describe a locus of confounded identities, a meeting ground of investments and privations in the national treasury of rhetorical wealth. My country needs me, and if I were not here, I would have to be invented. W. E. B. DuBois predicted as early as 1903 that the twentieth century would be the century of the “color line. ” We could add to this spatiotemporal confi guration another thematic of analogously terrible weight: if the “black woman” can be seen as a particular fi guration of the split subject that psychoanalytic theory posits, then this century marks the site of “its” profoundest revelation. The problem before us is deceptively simple: the terms enclosed in quotation marks in the preceding paragraph isolate overdetermined nominative properties. Embedded in bizarre axiological ground, they demonstrate a sort of telegraphic coding; they are markers so loaded with mythical prepossession that there is no easy way for the agents buried beneath them to come clean. In that regard, the names by which I am called in the public place render an example of signifying property plus. In order for me to speak a truer word concerning myself, I must strip down through layers of attenuated meanings, made an excess in time, over time, assigned by a particular historical order, and there await whatever marvels of my own inventiveness. The personal pronouns are offered in the service of a collective function. In certain human societies, a child’s identity is determined through the line of the Mother, but the United States, from at least one author’s point of view, is not one of them: “In essence, the Negro community has been forced into a matriarchal structure which, because it is so far out of line with the rest of American society, seriously retards the progress of the group as a whole, and imposes a crushing burden on the Negro male, and in consequence, on a great many Negro women as well” [Moynihan 75; emphasis mine]. The notorious bastard, from Vico’s banished Roman mothers of such sons, to Caliban, to Heathcliff, and Joe Christmas, has no offi cial female equivalent.
Modeling and Processing of Terahertz Imaging in Space Shuttle External Tank Foam Inspection

Recently, terahertz ray (T‐ray) imaging emerged as one of the most promising techniques to inspect the space shuttle external tank foam insulation. This paper demonstrates the application of state‐of‐the‐art computer processing and modeling technologies to assist in further refinement of this new technology. The current protocol of T‐ray inspection and its limitations are first reviewed. New strategies of using signal processing and modeling are then proposed to improve on the flaw detection. Preliminary results are presented on a series of multi‐dimensional signal processing operations of T‐ray signals. The use of models and their comparisons with experimental data from foam samples are also included.
Effect of Ferrule Designs on Stresses of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with Pressed Ceramics

Due to substantial loss of coronal tooth structure, corono-radicular stabilization is often required, especially in anterior teeth to provide retention and resistance form for the restoration. The use of ferrule as a part of the artificial crown was proposed in reinforcing the root-filled teeth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the ferrule height on stresses induced in an endodontically treated maxillary central incisor, which was restored with pressed ceramics, using numerical analysis. The study was developed for in order to obtain 3D models, for the design of the prepared teeth, pressed ceramics post and core systems and crowns. The use of ferrule as a part of the core was proposed in reinforcing and therefore six levels of the ferrule height were designed in order to be investigated. The study was performed on a central upper incisor, using a finite element analysis. Von Mises equivalent stresses were calculated and their distribution was plotted graphically. Regarding stress distribution in the crown high stresses are present cervical. In the prepared root stresses are under the finishing line and in the post cervical. In the post, with the increase of the ferrule height, the stresses move in coronal direction. No significant differences were found between the maximal stress values for the studied preparation designs (a ferrule height between 1 and 6mm).
Valuing climate change impacts on Sydney beaches to inform coastal management decisions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the critical need for economic information to inform the selection of coastal management options for the beaches of the Sydney region and to outline the project currently under way to address this information gap.Design/methodology/approach – The critical need for the current case study is framed through presenting a summary of the threats posed by current climate change projections, the legislative requirements for economic valuation of natural resources, and the role which economics can play in selection of appropriate coastal management options in response to climate change impacts.Findings – The paper presents the valuation methods that were selected for use in the Sydney Beaches Valuation Project and outlines the rationale behind their selection.Originality/value – No current, empirical estimates of the economic value of Sydney beaches are available, which means that managers must use estimates from studies which may not reflect the unique charact.
The Waves of the Technological Innovations of the Modern Age and the Present Crisis as the End of the Wave of the Informational Technological Revolution

The article is about new views on the theory of “long waves” and specially from the point of view of technological progress importance of which is stressed. It developed a new conception of waves of technological innovations in a modern society (from 1600 AD). The last 5th wave (based on a progress in informatics and telecommunications) is just coming to an end. Today economic crisis (2008) must be seen also as the crisis of the end of the cycle of innovations. It could be overcome by a new technological revolution (post-informational technological revolution) which could start about 2015.
Utilization pattern of different sources and channels of weather information by the rainfed farmers

Weather assume significant role in nearly every phase of agricultural activity from preparatory tillage to harvesting and storage. Various organizational and institutional agencies were disseminating the forecasting weather information to help farmers plan their agricultural operation so as to take advantages of the favourable weather and mitigating the effects of adverse weather. Farmers use both the traditional as well as modern tools to access and in assess the weather information. Viewing the area the present study is designed to investigate the utilization pattern of weather information sources by the rainfed farmers of Ranga Reddy district of Andhra Pradesh state. A sample of 80 farmers was selected randomly from KVK adopted villages of Ranga Reddy district and their observation was collected through struchJred interview schedule. The study compared the utilization pattern of different sources and channels used by the farmers to access weather information or agro meteorological to plan agricultural operations. There were distinct pattern of weather information sources utilised by the rainfed farmers in the study region. TV (62.5%) and radio were ranked first and second among mass media source used by them. Agricultural extension officer followed by KVK were emerged as the major source of weather information in case of personal cosmopolite source. With regards to localite source indigenous knowledge plays prime source for weather information. There is need to improve the accessibility of weather information from medium level to high by improving linkages and utilization of Information communication technology.