Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Distribution of Unit Root Test Statistics after Seasonal Adjustment

This paper argues that seasonal adjustment will generally induce noninvertible moving averages and examines the consequences for the distributions of (zero frequency) unit root test statistics for I(1) and near-integrated processes. The seasonal adjustment procedure analyzed is the two-sided X-11 seasonal adjustment lter, which generally leads to a high order MA component in the adjusted series. As standard unit root tests do not satisfactorily deal with high order noninvertible MAs, inferences (even asymptotically) about the presence of unit roots can be unreliable for seasonally adjusted data. We illustrate these e¤ects analytically and through Monte Carlo simulation, for the Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Phillips-Perron, the Mtype and the Variance Ratio unit root tests applied with a variety of detrending procedures.
Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: A Study on Emergency Medical Technician in the Southeast of Iran

Introduction: Job satisfaction and organizational commitment are important in enhancing organizational productivity and maintaining efficient human resources, especially in hard working centers such as medical emergencies. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment of medical emergency personnel working in Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, all the emergency medical staffs of Kerman University of Medical Sciences enrolled. Data were collected using Visoki & Chroma’s job satisfaction questionnaire standardized based on Descriptive Job Index and Meier organizational commitment questionnaire. SPSS software version 20 was then used for data analysis. Results: 200 questionnaires were filled out. Female employees have higher level of organizational commitment (3.51) and there is no significant difference in organizational commitment between the male and female groups. This study showed that there is a significant and positive correlation between job satisfaction and organizational commitment with the correlation coefficient of 0.58. Conclusion: The results show that there is a significant and positive relationship between employees’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment, meaning that higher job satisfaction leads to a greater commitment of individuals to the organization.
Advanced (co)induction in dependent type theory modulo rewriting

Context. Lambdapi is a new proof assistant based on a logical framework called the λΠ-calculus modulo rewriting, which is an extension of the simplytyped λ-calculus (the basis of functional programming languages like OCaml or Haskell) with dependent types (e.g. vectors and matrices of some given dimension) and an equivalence relation on types generated by user-de ned rewrite rules [3]. Thanks to rewriting, Lambdapi allows the formalization of proofs that cannot be done in other proof assistants (e.g. simplicial sets of in nite dimensions). However, there is currently no user support for doing inductive proofs. Currently, the user must de ne induction principles by hand. This can quickly become heavy when there are many constructors, and di cult when one considers complex inductive types. To take a simple example, from the following de nition:
The use of high-frequency ultrasonography in the assessment of selected female reproductive structures: the vulva, vagina and cervix

Abstract Introduction: High-frequency ultrasonography enables visualization the layered structure of the skin and shows the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue and skin appendages: hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and blood vessels. The aim of this study was to apply high-frequency ultrasonography to evaluate the structure of the vulva, vagina and cervix, and to describe their anatomy in ultrasound. Material and method: The examinations were conducted with the use of high-frequency probes: DermaView 48 MHz and Episcan 50 MHz, by three operators experienced in performing classical ultrasound scans (with 30-, 10- and 9-year experience). The study involved 50 women aged 20–80 years who reported for a periodical gynecological check-up and presented no symptoms within the reproductive system. Results: In this study, the individual layers of the skin in the area of the mons pubis, labia majora (together with hair follicles and sweat glands) and labia minora were successfully visualized in all the patients. The subepidermal low-echogenicity band was seen in the area of the mons pubic and labia majora in 40 cases. This concerned 100% of women who underwent cosmetic skin treatments. In all the patients, HFUS demonstrated the layered structure of the anterior and posterior vaginal walls, the walls of the urinary bladder and rectum, layers of the vaginal portion of the cervix and the external opening of the cervix. Conclusions: High-frequency ultrasonography offers new quality of vulvar, vaginal and cervical imaging. It can be used for evaluation of the vulva and vagina, and confirms their layered structure. It also enables accurate measurements of the thickness of the vulvar epidermis and dermis as well as the thickness of the vaginal walls.
Too Close for Comfort: Diminished Effectiveness of Ratio-Based Solvency Monitoring When Insurers Are Located Close to Their State Insurance Regulators

Prior research suggests that monitors (e.g., analysts, investors, auditors and regulators) perform better when they are located close to the companies they inspect. The improved performance is generally attributed to a greater availability of soft information about a company’s financial condition when companies and monitors are close. We identify a setting where proximity may result in diminished performance. We investigate the effect of proximity between insurers and regulators on insurer earnings management. Insurance regulators use a multistep process to monitor insurer solvency. In the initial phase, regulators compute ratios and prioritize financially weak insurers for more detailed scrutiny. Regulators are more likely to obtain and use soft information about insurers after the initial phase. The ratio-based initial phase gives insurers incentives to under-reserve to improve their financial ratios and potentially avoid prioritization for additional scrutiny. Consistent with prior research, we report that financially weak insurers tend to under-reserve. Incremental to prior research, we find that financially weak insurers located close to regulators under-reserve more than weak ones not located near regulators. Our results suggest that a multistep inspection process that begins with ratios may lead to more earnings management among financially weak companies, especially if they are close to their monitor.
SERIES IN ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT Group vs . Individual Performance Pay in Relational Contracts when Workers are Envious

I compare group to individual performance pay when workers are envious and performance is non-veri able. Avoiding payo¤ inequity, the group bonus contract is superior as long as the rm faces no credibility problem. The individual bonus contract may, however, become superior albeit introducing the prospect of unequal pay. This is due to two reasons: The group bonus scheme is subject to a free-rider problem requiring a higher incentive pay and impeding credibility of the rm. Moreover, with individual bonuses the rm bene ts from the incentivestrengthening e¤ect of envy, allowing for yet smaller incentive pay and further softening the credibility constraint. Keywords: principal-agent, relational contract, inequity aversion, bonus, team, envy JEL classi cation: D63, D82, M52, M54 I would like to thank Dominique Demougin, Julia Schmid, Dorothee Schneider, and Anja Schöttner for helpful comments and discussions. I am also grateful for the possibility to present the paper at the 2008-Meetings of the EEA, the Verein für Socialpolitik, the Kolloquium zur Personalökonomie, and the German Economic Association of Business Administration in 2008. Moreover, nancial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaftthrough the SFB 649 "Economic Risk" and an Individual Research Grant is gratefully acknowledged. ySchool of Business and Economics, E-mail: kragl@wiwi.hu-berlin.de
Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Lantana camara on II-Instar Stage of Development of Anopheles, Aedes and Culex Mosquito Larvae

The II instar stage of Anopheles, Aedes and Culex mosquito larvae were treated with ethanolic extract of Lantana camara stem. The extract showed lethal effect on Anopheles, Aedes and Culex II-instar stage of mosquito larvae in different concentrations and mortality rate increased for every 24 hours continuously for 4 days. But it was remarkable to note that the mortality was maximum in 600 mg/100mL concentration of ethanolic extract of Lantana camara stem in 24 hours, which prompted to select the concentration.
Fetal cardiac function by three-dimensional ultrasound using 4D-STIC and VOCAL – an update

Abstract Three- and four-dimensional (3D/4D) ultrasonography with spatio-temporal image correlation (4D-STIC) allows obtaining fetal cardiac volumes and their static and real-time analysis in multiplanar and rendering modes. Cardiac biometrics and Doppler-echocardiographic parameters for evaluation of fetal heart function, including cardiac output and stroke volume, can be analyzed using M-mode, two-dimensional (2D), and 3D/4D cardiac ultrasound. In recent years, functional echocardiography has been used to study fetuses without a structurally cardiac defect but who are at risk of heart failure due to the presence of extra-cardiac conditions, such as, fetal growth restriction, tumors/masses, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, fetal anemia (Rh alloimmunization), congenital infections, or maternal diabetes mellitus. The assessment of cardiac function provides important information on hemodynamic status and can help optimize the best time for delivery and reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality. Since 2003, with the advent of the 4D-STIC software, it is possible to evaluate the fetal heart in multiplanar, and rendering modes. This technology associated with virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) enables determining the ventricular volume (end-diastole, end-systole), the stroke-volume, the ejection fraction, and the cardiac output of each ventricle. Since 2004, several studies demonstrated that the 4D-STIC and VOCAL had good reproducibility to measure cardiac volumes This study reviews published studies that evaluated the fetal cardiac function by 3D ultrasound using 4D-STIC and VOCAL software.
Representation Failure

Democratic representation is constrained by the alternatives available to voters. To assess the extent to which the “supply side” of politics hinders voter welfare, we use rich data on thousands of candidates in three Brazilian legislative elections to (i) quantify the relative value voters place on candidates’ policy positions and non-ideological attributes and (ii) evaluate voters’ welfare given the set of candidates they face. Our estimates uncover substantial welfare losses for voters relative to three alternative benchmarks of ideal representation. The average voter suffers only a moderate loss due to policy incongruence but a large loss due to deficiencies in candidates’ non-ideological characteristics. For the typical municipality, the welfare loss attributable to non-ideological factors is more than seven times larger than the policy welfare loss. To evaluate the consequences of potential institutional reforms, we develop and estimate a model of equilibrium policy determination. Through counterfactual experiments, we show that institutional reforms aimed at improving the quality of representation may have sizable unintended welfare consequences due to equilibrium policy adjustments.
Socially Responsible Investment and Market Performance: The Case of Energy and Resource Companies

Do financial markets reward the energy and resource companies for adopting socially responsible practices? In this study, we investigate the stock market performance of major international energy and resource firms, classified within the socially responsible investment (SRI) category, from 2005 to 2016. We simulate investments in the portfolios of the SRI energy and resource companies stocks during this 11-year period and we further assess their risk-adjusted performance. The returns of the energy and resource SRI portfolio as a whole were neither consistently superior nor inferior to those of the benchmark indices. However, there exist substantial differences across the individual sub-sectors. The overall results show that markets do not reward or penalize the energy and resource firms for their SRI attitudes. We also find that the crude oil price consistently had a significant influence on the stock returns of the SRI energy and resource companies.
The Enhanced Transitional Jobs Demonstration: Implementation and Early Impacts of the Next Generation of Subsidized Employment Programs

Authors: Cindy Redcross Bret Barden Dan Bloom Atlanta: Joseph Broadus, Jennifer Thompson, Sonya Williams Milwaukee: Sam Elkin, Randall Juras, Janaé Bonsu San Francisco: Ada Tso, Bret Barden, Barbara Fink Syracuse: Whitney Engstrom, Johanna Walter, Gary Reynolds Fort Worth: Mary Farrell, Cindy Redcross Indiana: Karen Gardiner, Randall Juras, Arielle Sherman New York City: Melanie Skemer, Yana Kusayeva, Sara Muller-Ravett
Robot-Assisted Therapy Influence on Kinematic and EMG Activity in the Upper Limb for Children with Cerebral Palsy

Aim: To develop an index for quantitative assessment of the upper limb motor function in children with cerebral palsy before and after robot-assisted therapy. Method: An upper limb motor function index was developed using kinematic, surface electromyography and three-axis inertial measurements unit data collected from 15 children with cerebral palsy (CP) and 15 typically developed children. Children with CP underwent 18 robot-assisted therapy sessions with the REAplan device. All children were evaluated, using kinematic data from the REAplan, electromyography and three-axis inertial measurements unit readings from its accelerometer. A principal component analysis was conducted to produce an evaluation index, which is able to detect the deviation from the upper limb motor function of typically developing children group. Children with CP were evaluated twice before and after the intervention with Box and Blocks test and Finger-To-Nose test. The discriminative and concurrent validity of the upper limb motor function index were investigated. Results: The upper limb motor function index was higher in children with CP post therapy (p<0.001). Finger-To-Nose test values improved after robot-assisted therapy (p<0.03). A weak but positive correlation was observed between upper limb motor function index and clinical tests (r=0.012, p=0.95 and r=0.13, p= 0.54 for Box and Blocks test and Finger-To-Nose test respectively). Interpretation: The upper limb motor function index successfully differentiated between the typically developing children and children with CP and was effective in assessing the improvement of the upper limb motor function after robot-assisted therapy. The upper limb motor function index could be extended to assess and monitor rehabilitation therapies of other populations, such as those with stroke and Parkinson’s disease.
Current amplification and magnetic reconnection at a 3D null point. I-Physical characteristics

The behaviour of magnetic perturbations of an initially potential three-dimensional equilibrium magnetic null point are investigated. The basic components which constitute a typical disturbance are taken to be rotations and shears, in line with previous work. The spine and fan of the null point (the field lines which asymptotically approach or recede from the null) are subjected to such rotational and shear perturbations, using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations. It is found that rotations of the fan plane and about the spine lead to current sheets which are spatially diffuse in at least one direction, and form in the locations of the spine and fan. However, shearing perturbations lead to 3D-localised current sheets focused at the null point itself. In addition, rotations are associated with a growth of current parallel to the spine, driving rotational flows and a type of rotational reconnection. Shears, on the other hand, cause a current through the null which is parallel to the fan plane, and are associated with stagnation-type flows and field line reconnection across both the spine and fan. The importance of the parallel electric field, and its meaning as a reconnection rate, are discussed.
EARNINGS ANNOUNCEMENT AND STOCK PRICES IN A RECESSIONARY ECONOMY: A TEST OF THE SIGNALLING THEORY HYPOTHESIS

The paper examined the efficacy of the signalling theory hypothesis by investigating the relationship between earnings announcement and stock prices in a recessionary economy. The study employed secondary data of daily closing stock prices of 14 selected banks and the All Share Index between 2015 and 2016, sourced from the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The market model was used to estimate the expected returns and abnormal returns during the event window. The results showed that abnormal returns around announcement days were not statistically significant as abnormal returns of banks that made announcement of an increase or decrease in earnings were 0.0674 (-0.0244) with t-stat values of -1.374 (0.318) respectively. The findings also demonstrated that investors could not earn cumulative abnormal returns during the event window and the abnormal returns of most of the banks had an inverse relationship with earnings announcement. It was therefore concluded that information signalling theory does not hold in the Nigerian capital market during a recessionary period, and that investors could not earn abnormal profits by making use of fundamental analysis. The study therefore, recommended that investors should avoid mispriced stocks and invest in index funds in order to earn market average returns. Furthermore, regulatory authorities should monitor banks listed on the Nigerian stock exchange to guard against abuse of insider information to the detriment of investors.
TC-CIM: Empowering Tensor Comprehensions for Computing-In-Memory

Memristor-based, non-von-Neumann architectures performing tensor operations directly in memory are a promising approach to address the ever-increasing demand for energy-efficient, high-throughput hardware accelerators for Machine Learning (ML) inference. A major challenge for the programmability and exploitation of such Computing-In-Memory (CIM) architectures consists in the efficient mapping of tensor operations from high-level ML frameworks to fixed-function hardware blocks implementing in-memory computations. We demonstrate the programmability of memristor-based accelerators with TC-CIM, a fully-automatic, end-to-end compilation flow from Tensor Comprehensions, a mathematical notation for tensor operations, to fixed-function memristor-based hardware blocks. Operations suitable for acceleration are identified using Loop Tactics, a declarative framework to describe computational patterns in a poly-hedral representation. We evaluate our compilation flow on a system-level simulator based on Gem5, incorporating crossbar arrays of memristive devices. Our results show that TC-CIM reliably recognizes tensor operations commonly used in ML workloads across multiple benchmarks in order to offload these operations to the accelerator.
THU0177 Comparative Study on the Presence of Ultrasound Subclinical Synovitis between Patients with RA and PSA in Clinical Remission or Low Disease Activity in Treatment with Anti-TNF Therapy

Objectives To analyse clinical and sonographic differences between patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis with clinical remission or low disease activity on anti-TNF therapy. Methods Subanalysis of the 12 months follow-up prospective study INMUNOREMAR. Patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis or polyarticular psoriatic arthritis in clinical remission or low disease activity by DAS28 on anti-TNF therapy (etanercept, adalimumab or infliximab) were included. Clinical, epidemiological, demographic and serological data at baseline were analysed. Ultrasound scans of both knees and hands (wrists, metacarpophalangeal [MCP], proximal interphalangeal [PIP] flexor and extensor tendons of the hand) were made. We quantified synovial hypertrophy (grades 0-3) and power Doppler signal (grades 0-3) in all patients and a global synovitis score was calculated. Data at study entry are presented. Results 100 patients (46 RA and 54 PsA, mean age (SD) 58.2 (11.4) years, disease duration 15.9 (8.8) years) were included. 50 patients were on etanercept, 35 adalimumab and 15 infliximab. 51 patients (39 PsA) were on monotherapy and 46 (31 PsA) were on anti-TNF dose-reduction. 48 patients had power Doppler signal and 45 met criteria for ultrasound-active synovitis (synovial hypertrophy + Power Doppler signal). Patients with psoriatic arthritis had significantly-less disease activity (p=0.0001 for DAS28-VSG) and fewer sonographic findings (Table 1): only 14 patients with PsA met criteria for active synovitis (31 for RA, p=0.0001). Table 1. Study population: clinical and ultrasound characteristics RA (46) PsA(54) P Female (%) 37(80.4) 25(46.2) 0.0001 Age (SD) (years) 62.6(10.9) 54.5(10.5) 0.0001 Disease duration (SD) (years) 17.0 (9.7) 14.9(8.0) 0.240 DAS28-VSG (SD) 2.31(0.5) 1.88(0.5) 0.0001 Remission (%) 30 (65.2) 47 (87.0) 0.016 Treatment Etanercept (%) 24(52.1) 26(48.1) Adalimumab (%) 16(34.7) 19(35.1) Infliximab (%) 6(13) 9(16.6) Dose reduction (%) 15(32.6) 31(57.4) 0.016 Prednisone (%) 14(30.4) 1(1.8) 0.0001 SH+PD (%) 31(67.3) 14(25.9) 0.0001 SH2+PD (%) 18(39.1) 1(1.8) 0.0001 Ultrasound global score (SD) 9.5 (6.8) 6.8(5.6) 0.046 RA, Rheumatoid arthritis; PsA, Psoriatic arthritis; SH, Synovial hypertrophy; PD, Power Doppler; ACPA, Anticitrulline-protein antibody; SD, standard deviation. Conclusions Among patients with clinical remission or low disease activity and anti-TNF therapy, PsA patients had significantly less clinical and sonographic activity. Disclosure of Interest : None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5519
Color Doppler ultrasound of spiral artery blood flow in mid first trimester (4–8 weeks) in cases of threatened abortion and in normal pregnancies

Abstract Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the spiral artery flow in mid first trimester (4–8 weeks) in cases of threatened abortion and in normal pregnancies. Material and methods: Spiral artery was sonographically evaluated in 50 patients comprising two groups of 25 women each. The first group included patients presenting with threatened miscarriage (vaginal bleeding/spotting with or without abdominal pain). The second group comprised of females who had no complications, but had no desire to continue the pregnancy. Spiral artery flow velocity measurements were performed using Color Doppler (Pulsatility Indices, Resistive Indices and Systolic/diastolic values) in mid first trimester (between 4–8 weeks of gestation), each measurement was performed twice. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical package for social sciences software. Values were rounded off to two digits after decimal point. Results: Significant differences were noted in the spiral artery Doppler values in the two groups. In particular, the Resistive Indices was higher in cases of women with threatened miscarriage. The difference in Pulsatility Indices was also statistically significant between the two groups. Conclusion: Doppler values of spiral artery may be used as a useful parameter in assessing the prognosis in cases presenting with threatened miscarriage.