Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Renal blood flow, afferent vascular resistance, and estimated glomerular capillary pressure in the nonexposed rat kidney.

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Discriminative patch-based sparse representation for face recognition

This paper illustrates that elaborately selecting some discriminative patches instead of using all patches is helpful for recognition tasks. We propose an effective method called bagging greedy algorithm (BGA) for choosing a collection of patches that is discriminative in terms of classification. Compared with greedy algorithm, BGA is less likely to get into local optimum. Based on the subset of patches, discriminative patch based sparse representation classification (DPSRC) is presented, in which the corresponding patches are concatenated and the reconstruction error are normalized by l1 norm. Compared with state-of-arts, our method shows advantages especially for non-occlusion cases.
Proposal and Phylogenetic Relationships of Lapsamita, a New Genus of Lapsiines, and Description of a New Species (Araneae, Salticidae)

Lapsamita maddisoni gen. et sp. nov. is described from Bahia, Brazil. The presence of palpal claws in females, long ventral spines on front tibiae and metatarsi and long retrolateral tibial apophyses in male palps suggested that the species was closely related to or even nested within Soesiladeepakius Makhan, 2007. To evaluate its phylogenetic position, a cladistic analysis was carried out using a data matrix comprising 24 morphological characters, scored for 13 taxa. The analysis showed L. maddisoni as the sister group of Soesiladeepakius, supporting the proposal of the new genus. Character evolution is discussed and compared to a previous study on the group.
A Tabu search algorithm for static routing and wavelength assignment problem

Static routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) is usually formulated as an optimization problem with the objective of minimizing wavelength usage (MWU). Existing solution methodologies for the MWU problem are usually based on a two-step approach, where routing and wavelength assignment are done independently. Though this approach can reduce computational cost, the optimality of the solution is compromised. We propose a novel tabu search (TS) algorithm, which considers routing and wavelength assignment jointly without increasing the computational complexity. The performance of the proposed TS algorithm is compared with the integer linear programming (ILP) method, which is known to solve the MWU to optimality. The results for both small and large networks show that our proposed TS algorithm works almost as well as the ILP solution and is much more computationally efficient.
ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 guideline update for percutaneous coronary intervention—summary article: A report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines(ACC/AHA/SCAI writing committee to update the 2001 guidelines for percutaneous coronary intervention)

WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS Sidney C. Smith, Jr, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair; Ted E. Feldman, MD, FACC, FSCAI*; John W. Hirshfeld, Jr, MD, FACC, FSCAI*; Alice K. Jacobs, MD, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI; Morton J. Kern, MD, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI*; Spencer B. King, III, MD, MACC, FSCAI; Douglass A. Morrison, MD, PhD, FACC, FSCAI*; William W. O’Neill, MD, FACC, FSCAI; Hartzell V. Schaff, MD, FACC, FAHA; Patrick L. Whitlow, MD, FACC, FAHA; David O. Williams, MD, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI
Situated Computing: The Next Frontier for HCI Research

Abstract : Increasingly, our modern, mobile population works and lives with information. Most individuals interact with information through a single portal: a personal desktop or laptop computer. To provide mobile workers with more convenient access, companies are beginning to produce various portable and embedded information devices. These developments hint at a future where people will interact with information through a continuously varying array of devices that combine to form ad hoc portals suitable to particular situations. In such a future, people and information will be emancipated. No longer will information be captive of single devices, nor will one person necessarily own each device. This leap of imagination requires that human-computer interaction (HCI) researchers solve some significant challenges. This paper identifies and discusses these challenges, and also points to some current, early research on the trail to the next frontier of human-computer interaction.
A calculus for assignments in higher-order languages

Imperative assignments are abstractions of recurring programming patterns in purely functional programming languages. When added to higher-order functional languages, they provide a higher-level of modularity and security but invalidate the simple substitution semantics. We show that, given an operational interpretation of a denotational semantics for such a language, it is possible to design a two-level extension of the λu-calculus. This calculus provides a location-free rewriting semantics of the language and offers new possibilities for reasoning with assignments. The upper level of the calculus factors out all the steps in a reduction sequence which must be in a linear order; the lower level allows a partial ordering of reduction steps.
QoS routing mechanisms and OSPF extensions

This paper presents and discusses path selection algorithms to support QoS routes in IP networks. The work is carried out in the context of extensions to the OSPF protocol, and the initial focus is on unicast flows, although some of the proposed extensions are also applicable to multicast flows. We first review the metrics required to support QoS, and then present and compare several path selection algorithms, which represent different trade-offs between accuracy and computational complexity. We also describe and discuss the associated link advertisement mechanisms, and investigate some options in balancing the requirements for accurate and timely information with the associated control overhead. The overall goal of this study is to identify a framework and possible approaches to allow deployment of QoS routing capabilities with the minimum possible impact to the existing routing infrastructure.
Playboy centrefolds and eating disorders--from male pleasure to female pathology?

OBJECTIVE To highlight a potential environmental risk factor promoting the development of eating disorders. DESIGN A retrospective analysis of calculated body mass indices of Playboy centrefolds. SETTING South African editions of Playboy magazine. SUBJECTS Playboy centrefolds, February 1994- February 1995. OUTCOME MEASURE Body mass index. RESULTS Of surveyed centrefolds, 72% achieved a body mass index under 18, implying undernourishment. CONCLUSIONS Body mass indices calculated on the basis of stated weights and heights of Playboy centrefolds reveal the majority to be technically undernourished, which is clearly not so on inspection of the centrefolds. The body dimension data in such magazines should be treated with circumspection. Acceptance of the validity of such data may create the erroneous impression that undernourishment is desirable. This notion may have an impact on self-perception and dieting behaviour in certain individuals, precipitating and promoting disturbed eating attitudes and behaviour that may lead to the onset of eating disorders.
Predicting Chronic Fine and Coarse Particulate Exposures Using Spatiotemporal Models for the Northeastern and Midwestern United States

Background Chronic epidemiologic studies of particulate matter (PM) are limited by the lack of monitoring data, relying instead on citywide ambient concentrations to estimate exposures. This method ignores within-city spatial gradients and restricts studies to areas with nearby monitoring data. This lack of data is particularly restrictive for fine particles (PM with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm; PM2.5) and coarse particles (PM with aerodynamic diameter 2.5–10 μm; PM10–2.5), for which monitoring is limited before 1999. To address these limitations, we developed spatiotemporal models to predict monthly outdoor PM2.5 and PM10–2.5 concentrations for the northeastern and midwestern United States. Methods For PM2.5, we developed models for two periods: 1988–1998 and 1999–2002. Both models included smooth spatial and regression terms of geographic information system-based and meteorologic predictors. To compensate for sparse monitoring data, the pre-1999 model also included predicted PM10 (PM with aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm) and extinction coefficients (km−1). PM10–2.5 levels were estimated as the difference in monthly predicted PM10 and PM2.5, with predicted PM10 from our previously developed PM10 model. Results Predictive performance for PM2.5 was strong (cross-validation R2 = 0.77 and 0.69 for post-1999 and pre-1999 PM2.5 models, respectively) with high precision (2.2 and 2.7 μg/m3, respectively). Models performed well irrespective of population density and season. Predictive performance for PM10–2.5 was weaker (cross-validation R2 = 0.39) with lower precision (5.5 μg/m3). PM10–2.5 levels exhibited greater local spatial variability than PM10 or PM2.5, suggesting that PM2.5 measurements at ambient monitoring sites are more representative for surrounding populations than for PM10 and especially PM10–2.5. Conclusions We provide semiempirical models to predict spatially and temporally resolved long-term average outdoor concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10–2.5 for estimating exposures of populations living in the northeastern and midwestern United States.
Polyethylene terephthalate/clay nanocomposites : compounding, fabrication and characterisation of the thermal, rheological, barrier and mechanical properties of polyethylene terephthalate/clay nanocomposites

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is one of the most important polymers in use today for packaging due to its outstanding properties. The usage of PET has grown at the highest rate compared with other plastic packaging over the last 20 years, and it is anticipated that the increase in global demand will be around 6% in the 2010 – 2015 period. The rheological behaviour, thermal properties, tensile modulus, permeability properties and degradation phenomena of PET/clay nanocomposites have been investigated in this project. An overall, important finding is that incorporation of nanoclays in PET gives rise to improvements in several key process and product parameters together – processability/ reduced process energy, thermal properties, barrier properties and stiffness. The PET pellets have been compounded with carefully selected nanoclays (Somasif MAE, Somasif MTE and Cloisite 25A) via twin screw extrusion to produce PET/clay nanocomposites at various weight fractions of nanoclay (1, 3, 5, 20 wt.%). The nanoclays vary in the aspect ratio of the platelets, surfactant and/or gallery spacing so different effect are to be expected. The materials were carefully prepared prior to processing in terms of sufficient drying and re-crystallisation of the amorphous pellets as well as the use of dual motor feeders for feeding the materials to the extruder. The rheological properties of PET melts have been found to be enhanced by decreasing the viscosity of the PET i.e. increasing the ̳flowability‘ of the PET melt during the injection or/and extrusion processes. The apparent shear viscosity of PETNCs is show to be significantly lower than un-filled PET at high shear rates. The viscosity exhibits shear thinning behaviour which can be explained by two mechanisms which can occur simultaneously. The first mechanism proposed is that some polymer has entangled and few oriented molecular chain at rest and when applying high shear rates, the level of entanglements is reduced and the molecular chains tend to orient with the flow direction. The other mechanism is that the nanoparticles align with the flow direction at high shear rates. At low shear rate, the magnitudes of the shear viscosity are dependent on the nanoclay concentrations and processing shear rate. Increasing nanoclay concentration leads to increases in shear viscosity. The viscosity was observed to deviate from Newtonian behaviour and exhibited shear thinning at a 3 wt. % concentration. It is possible that the formation of aggregates of clay is responsible for an increase in shear viscosity. Reducing the shear viscosity has positive benefits for downstream manufacturers by reducing power consumption. It was observed that all
Naltrexone decreases heavy drinking rates in smoking cessation treatment: an exploratory study.

BACKGROUND There is mixed support for the efficacy of the opioid antagonist naltrexone in the treatment of nicotine dependence. One potential unexplored mechanism underlying naltrexone's effects in smoking cessation may be in its ability to reduce alcohol consumption. METHODS Alcohol consumption and liver enzyme levels (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase) were examined in a sample of 78 nonalcoholic social drinking smokers (34 naltrexone, 44 placebo) enrolled in a double-blind randomized clinical trial of naltrexone in smoking cessation. Naltrexone or placebo began 3 days prior to the quit date (25 mg daily) and continued for 8 weeks (50 mg daily). All participants received nicotine patches and behavioral counseling up through 4 weeks after the quit date. RESULTS Naltrexone significantly reduced weekly heavy drinking rates. This effect was associated with greater nausea and pill taking adherence within the naltrexone group. Within heavy drinkers, naltrexone also directionally improved smoking quit rates compared with placebo. Liver enzyme levels did not differ during treatment with naltrexone compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Naltrexone may reduce the frequency of heavy drinking in nonalcoholics attempting to quit smoking. Further, naltrexone may preferentially improve smoking quit rates within heavy drinkers who smoke, and further investigation in larger sample sizes is warranted.
Robust wavelet-based arbitrary grid detection for MPEG

From the industrial point of view, image quality is a key-issue. Many post-processing algorithms have been proposed to improve visual quality after the MPEG decoder. Most of them need precise location of the 8/spl times/8 grid on which the blocking effect appears. However, in real-life applications, the blocking effect is rarely located on such a basic grid, due to the cascaded bit-rate or format transcoding, rescaling, etc., that occur during acquisition, compression, transmission and display of the video. Consequently, most of these methods see their efficiency largely reduced, or are simply useless. A grid detector is proposed, based on a fine modeling of blocking artifacts in the wavelet domain. It aims at providing essential information to any post-processing algorithm that requires the position of the grid. Several experiments and reliable subjective tests demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed grid detector, and highlight the added value it yields to a post-processing algorithm in terms of visual quality.
Chunking Clinical Text Containing Non-Canonical Language

Free text notes typed by primary care physicians during patient consultations typically contain highly non-canonical language. Shallow syntactic analysis of free text notes can help to reveal valuable information for the study of disease and treatment. We present an exploratory study into chunking such text using off-the-shelf language processing tools and pre-trained statistical models. We evaluate chunking accuracy with respect to part-of-speech tagging quality, choice of chunk representation, and breadth of context features. Our results indicate that narrow context feature windows give the best results, but that chunk representation and minor differences in tagging quality do not have a significant impact on chunking accuracy.
Sound type-dependent syntactic language extension

Syntactic language extensions can introduce new facilities into a programming language while requiring little implementation effort and modest changes to the compiler. It is typical to desugar language extensions in a distinguished compiler phase after parsing or type checking, not affecting any of the later compiler phases. If desugaring happens before type checking, the desugaring cannot depend on typing information and type errors are reported in terms of the generated code. If desugaring happens after type checking, the code generated by the desugaring is not type checked and may introduce vulnerabilities. Both options are undesirable. We propose a system for syntactic extensibility where desugaring happens after type checking and desugarings are guaranteed to only generate well-typed code. A major novelty of our work is that desugarings operate on typing derivations instead of plain syntax trees. This provides desugarings access to typing information and forms the basis for the soundness guarantee we provide, namely that a desugaring generates a valid typing derivation. We have implemented our system for syntactic extensibility in a language-independent fashion and instantiated it for a substantial subset of Java, including generics and inheritance. We provide a sound Java extension for Scala-like for-comprehensions.
Creating a Challenge for Ideal Lattices

Lattice-based cryptography is one of the candidates in the area of post-quantum cryptography. Cryptographic schemes with security reductions to hard lattice problems (like the Shortest Vector Problem SVP) offer an alternative to recent number theory-based schemes. In order to guarantee asymptotic efficiency, most lattice-based schemes are instantiated using polynomial rings over integers. These lattices are called ideal lattices. It is assumed that the hardness of lattice problems in lattices over integer rings remains the same as in regular lattices. In order to prove or disprove this assumption, we instantiate random ideal lattices that allow to test algorithms that solve SVP and its approximate version. The Ideal Lattice Challenge allows online submission of short vectors to enter a hall of fame for full comparison. We adjoin a set of first experiments and a first comparison of ideal and regular lattices.
Multi‐slice dynamic imaging: Complete functional cardiac MR examination within 15 seconds

A new magnetic resonance (MR) sequence was developed to acquire real‐time images in a multi‐slice dynamic imaging mode to cover the complete heart in 15 seconds without the need for electrocardiogram (ECG) triggering and multiple breath holds. In 34 patients, left ventricular function was assessed with the new technique and a standard technique. The new technique proved to be feasible and accurate for functional cardiac examinations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:300–305. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oracles Are Hardly Attain'd, and Hardly Understood: Confessions of Software Testing Researchers

In software testing, a test oracle refers to the mechanism for determining whether the results of the software under test agree with the expected outcomes. To achieve this, we need a means to determine the expected outcomes, a means to gauge the actual results, and a means to decide whether the actual results agree with the expected outcomes. In real-life situations, however, a test oracle may not exist owing to a missing link in any of these aspects. In this paper, we summarize our research for the last 15 years on selected issues related to each of these aspects. We present the use of metamorphic testing, pattern classification, and formal object equivalence and nonequivalence to alleviate the problems.
Estimating a Predator‐Prey Dynamical Model with the Parameter Cascades Method

Summary Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are widely used in ecology to describe the dynamical behavior of systems of interacting populations. However, systems of ODEs rarely provide quantitative solutions that are close to real field observations or experimental data because natural systems are subject to environmental and demographic noise and ecologists are often uncertain about the correct parameterization. In this article we introduce “parameter cascades” as an improved method to estimate ODE parameters such that the corresponding ODE solutions fit the real data well. This method is based on the modified penalized smoothing with the penalty defined by ODEs and a generalization of profiled estimation, which leads to fast estimation and good precision for ODE parameters from noisy data. This method is applied to a set of ODEs originally developed to describe an experimental predator–prey system that undergoes oscillatory dynamics. The new parameterization considerably improves the fit of the ODE model to the experimental data sets. At the same time, our method reveals that important structural assumptions that underlie the original ODE model are essentially correct. The mathematical formulations of the two nonlinear interaction terms (functional responses) that link the ODEs in the predator–prey model are validated by estimating the functional responses nonparametrically from the real data. We suggest two major applications of “parameter cascades” to ecological modeling: It can be used to estimate parameters when original data are noisy, missing, or when no reliable priori estimates are available; it can help to validate the structural soundness of the mathematical modeling approach.
Infant Circulation Model based on the Electrophysiological Cell Model

It is important to use a myocardial cell model to evaluate the effects of the drugs to the hemodynamic parameters. We developed an infant circulation model which incorporates an accurate myocardial cell model including a beta adrenergic system. The beta adrenergic system is essential mechanism for reproducing the response of baroreflex control system. The parameters of the published adult human circulation model were modified to fit the infant hemodynamic values. The guinea pig myocardial cell model was introduced to the circulation model whose baseline heart rate is close to that of an infant. The presented model is in good agreement with results obtained in physiological experiments.