Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population Aging, Cohort Replacement, and the Evolution of Income Inequality in the United States∗

We study how demographic change affects the evolution of household income inequality in the United States, both historically and prospectively. We emphasize the distinct roles of population aging and cohort replacement and develop a methodology to study their joint compositional effect on income inequality. In the process, we also develop a novel methodology to aggregate subgroup Gini coefficients into a population-level Gini coefficient based on the principle of maximum entropy. We find that rising income inequality is embodied in birth cohorts born since the mid-20th century and that most of the increase in inequality over the past two decades can be accounted for by demographic change. Furthermore, we predict that demographic change over the next two decades will lead to further increase of the Gini coefficient by one to six percentage points.
A rare case of clear cell sarcoma of the foot with a cascade of pathological misdiagnosis—the importance of expert sarcoma pathology

Sarcoma pathology discrepancy is well known owing to the extremely heterogenous and rare nature of this tumour. Through this case, we want to highlight the difficulty that a patient has to undergo in a case of misdiagnosis. A 20-year-old male presented with swelling in the right foot for 4 months, which was initially diagnosed as alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, subsequently as synovial sarcoma and finally as Ewing’s sarcoma (based upon positive Ewing Sarcoma Breakpoint Region 1 (EWSR1) by fluorescence in situ hybridisation and he underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical excision with grafting before he presented to our institute, where the pathologists reviewed the biopsy slides, which were positive for HMB45 and negative for Melan-A suggestive of clear cell sarcoma. The next-generation sequencing suggested EWSR1-ATF1 fusion, which again reinforced the diagnosis. This case throws light on the importance of expert pathology and interpreting molecular results in the right context.
Precision prediction for the cosmological density distribution

The distribution of matter in the universe is, to first order, lognormal. Improving this approximation requires characterization of the third moment (skewness) of the log density field. Thus, using Millennium Simulation phenomenology and building on previous work, we present analytic fits for the mean, variance, and skewness of the log density field $A$. We further show that a Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution accurately models $A$; we submit that this GEV behavior is the result of strong intrapixel correlations, without which the smoothed distribution would tend (by the Central Limit Theorem) toward a Gaussian. Our GEV model yields cumulative distribution functions accurate to within 1.7 per cent for near-concordance cosmologies, over a range of redshifts and smoothing scales.
Photochemical Oxygen in Non-1-bar CO2 Atmospheres of Terrestrial Exoplanets

Atmospheric chemistry models have shown that molecular oxygen can build up in CO2-dominated atmospheres on potentially habitable exoplanets without input of life. Existing models typically assume a surface pressure of 1 bar. Here we present model scenarios of CO2-dominated atmospheres with the surface pressure ranging from 0.1 to 10 bars, while keeping the surface temperature at 288 K. We use a one-dimensional photochemistry model to calculate the abundance of O2 and other key species, for outgassing rates ranging from a Venus-like volcanic activity up to 20 times Earth-like activity. The model maintains the redox balance of the atmosphere and the ocean, and includes the pressure dependency of outgassing on the surface pressure. Our calculations show that the surface pressure is a controlling parameter in the photochemical stability and oxygen buildup of CO2-dominated atmospheres. The mixing ratio of O2 monotonically decreases as the surface pressure increases at very high outgassing rates, whereas it increases as the surface pressure increases at lower-than-Earth outgassing rates. Abiotic O2 can only build up to the detectable level, defined as 10−3 in volume mixing ratio, in 10-bar atmospheres with the Venus-like volcanic activity rate and the reduced outgassing rate of H2 due to the high surface pressure. Our results support the search for biological activities and habitability via atmospheric O2 on terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of Sun-like stars.
Biological Characteristics of Recombinant Arthrobotrys oligospora Chitinase AO-801

Chitinase AO-801 is a hydrolase secreted by Arthrobotrys oligospora during nematode feeding, while its role remained elusive. This study analyzed the molecular characteristics of recombinant chitinase of Arthrobotrys oligospora (reAO-801). AO-801 belongs to the typical glycoside hydrolase 18 family with conserved chitinase sequence and tertiary structure of (α/β)8 triose-phosphate isomerase (TIM) barrel. The molecular weight of reAO-801 was 42 kDa. reAO-801 effectively degraded colloidal and powdered chitin, egg lysate, and stage I larval lysate of Caenorhabditis elegans. The activity of reAO-801 reached its peak at 40°C and pH values between 4–7. Enzyme activity was inhibited by Zn2+, Ca2+, and Fe3+, whereas Mg2+ and K+ potentiated its activity. In addition, urea, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 2-mercaptoethanol significantly inhibited enzyme activity. reAO-801 showed complete nematicidal activity against C. elegans stage I larvae. reAO-801 broke down the C. elegans egg shells, causing them to die or die prematurely by hatching the eggs. It also invoked degradation of Haemonchus contortus eggs, resulting in apparent changes in the morphological structure. This study demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of reAO-801, which laid the foundation for further dissecting the mechanism of nematode infestation by A. oligospora.
Interplay of nematic and magnetic orders in FeSe under pressure

We offer an explanation for the recently observed pressure-induced magnetic state in the iron-chalcogenide FeSe based on ab initio estimates for the pressure evolution of the most important Coulomb interaction parameters. We find that an increase of pressure leads to an overall decrease mostly in the nearest-neighbor Coulomb repulsion, which in turn leads to a reduction of the nematic order and the generation of magnetic stripe order. We treat the concomitant effects of band renormalization and the induced interplay of nematic and magnetic order in a self-consistent way and determine the generic topology of the temperature-pressure phase diagram and find qualitative agreement with the experimentally determined phase diagram.
Internal Whistleblowing: Analysis of Personal Characteristics and Organizational Commitments with Ethical Climate as Moderating Variables

The desire of individuals within an organization to be willing to take whistleblowing actions will be very beneficial for the organization to achieve its goals. However, the desire or intention to carry out internal whistleblowing is still low in practice. This can be caused by organizational commitment, Personal Cost, Machiavellian Character, and Ethical Climate. This study examines and analyzes the effect of organizational commitment, personal cost, and machiavellian character on the intention to carry out internal whistleblowing with an ethical climate as a moderating variable. This research was conducted using a survey method by distributing questionnaires to civil servants in the finance department of the Riau Provincial Government. The non-probability sampling technique does the sampling technique. Seventy-three questionnaires can be used. Data analysis using WarpPLS 7.0. The findings of this study suggest that the intention to engage in internal whistleblowing is influenced by organizational commitment, personal cost, and Machiavellian character. The influence of organizational commitment, personal cost, and machiavellian character on the intention to engage in internal whistleblowing can be moderated by the ethical context
Point Particle Motion in DFT and a Singularity-Free Cosmological Solution

We generalize the action for point particle motion to a double field theory background. After deriving the general equations of motion for these particle geodesics, we specialize to the case of a cosmological background with vanishing antisymmetric tensor field and constant dilaton. We then show that the geodesics can be extended to infinity in both time directions once we define the appropriate physical clock. Following this prescription, we also show the existence of a singularity-free cosmological solution.
Effect of matter geometry on low angular momentum black hole accretion in the Kerr metric

This work illustrates how the formation of energy-preserving shocks for polytropic accretion and temperature-preserving shocks for isothermal accretion are inﬂuenced by various geometrical conﬁgurations of general relativistic, axisymmetric, low-angular-momentum ﬂow in the Kerr metric. Relevant pre- and post-shock states of the accreting ﬂuid, both dynamical and thermodynamic, have been studied comprehensively. Self-gravitational back-reaction on the metric has not been considered in the present context. An elegant eigenvalue-based analytical method has been introduced to provide qualitative descriptions of the phase-orbits corresponding to stationary transonic accretion solutions, without resorting to involved numerical schemes. Eﬀort has been made to understand how the weakly-rotating ﬂow behaves in close proximity of the event horizon and how such ‘quasi-terminal’ quantities are inﬂuenced by the black hole spin for diﬀerent matter geometries. Our main purpose is thus to mathemati-cally demonstrate that for non-self-gravitating accretion, separate matter geometries, in addition to the corresponding space-time geometry, control various shock-induced phenomena observed within black hole accretion discs. This work is expected to reveal how such phenomena observed near the horizon depend on physical environment of the source harbouring a supermassive black hole at its centre. It is also expected to unfold cor-respondences between the dependence of accretion-related parameters on ﬂow geometries and on black hole spin. Temperature-preserving shocks in isothermal accretion may appear bright as substantial amount of rest-mass energy of the infalling matter gets dissipated at the shock surface, and the prompt removal of such energy to maintain isothermality may power the X-ray/IR ﬂares emitted from our Galactic centre.
The WIRCam Ultra Deep Survey (WUDS)

The aim of this paper is to introduce the WIRCam Ultra Deep Survey (WUDS), a near-IR photometric survey carried out at the CFH Telescope in the field of the CFHTLS-D3 field (Groth Strip). WUDS includes four near-IR bands (Y, J, H and Ks) over a field of view of ∼400 arcmin2. The typical depth of WUDS data reaches between ∼26.8 in Y and J, and ∼26 in H and Ks (AB, 3σ in 1.3″ aperture), whereas the corresponding depth of the CFHTLS-D3 images in this region ranges between 28.6 and 29 in ugr, 28.2 in i and 27.1 in z (same S/N and aperture). The area and depth of this survey were specifically tailored to set strong constraints on the cosmic star formation rate and the luminosity function brighter or around L⋆ in the z ∼ 6 − 10 redshift domain, although these data are also useful for a variety of extragalactic projects. This first paper is intended to present the properties of the public WUDS survey in details: catalog building, completeness and depth, number counts, photometric redshifts, and global properties of the galaxy population. We have also concentrated on the selection and characterization of galaxy samples at z ∼ [4.5 − 7] in this field. For these purposes, we include an adjacent shallower area of ∼1260 arcmin2 in this region, extracted from the WIRCam Deep Survey (WIRDS), and observed in J, H and Ks bands. UV luminosity functions were derived at z ∼ 5 and z ∼ 6 taking advantage from the fact that WUDS covers a particularly interesting regime at intermediate luminosities, which allows a combined determination of M⋆ and Φ⋆ with increased accuracy. Our results on the luminosity function are consistent with a small evolution of both M⋆ and Φ⋆ between z = 5 and z = 6, irrespective of the method used to derive them, either photometric redshifts applied to blindly-selected dropout samples or the classical Lyman Break Galaxy color-preselected samples. Our results lend support to higher Φ⋆ determinations at z = 6 than usually reported. The selection and combined analysis of different galaxy samples at z ≥ 7 will be presented in a forthcoming paper, as well as the evolution of the UV luminosity function between z ∼ 4.5 and 9. WUDS is intended to provide a robust database in the near-IR for the selection of targets for detailed spectroscopic studies, in particular for the EMIR/GTC GOYA Survey.
Antimalarial Efficacy of Aqueous Extract of Strychnos ligustrina and Its Combination with Dihydroartemisinin and Piperaquine Phosphate (DHP) against Plasmodium berghei Infection

The development of drug resistance is one of the most severe concerns of malaria control because it increases the risk of malaria morbidity and death. A new candidate drug with antiplasmodial activity is urgently needed. This study evaluated the efficacy of different dosages of aqueous extract of Strychnos ligustrina combined with dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine phosphate (DHP) against murine Plasmodium berghei infection. The BALB/c mice aged 6–8 weeks were divided into 6 groups, each consisting of 10 mice. The growth inhibition of compounds against P. berghei was monitored by calculating the percentage of parasitemia. The results showed that the mice receiving aqueous extract and combination treatment showed growth inhibition of P. berghei in 74% and 94%, respectively. S. ligustrina extract, which consisted of brucine and strychnine, effectively inhibited the multiplication of P. berghei. The treated mice showed improved hematology profiles, body weight, and temperature, as compared to control mice. Co-treatment with S. ligustrina extract and DHP revealed significant antimalarial and antipyretic effects. Our results provide prospects for further discovery of antimalarial drugs that may show more successful chemotherapeutic treatment.
Josephson current in superconductor-ferromagnet structures with a nonhomogeneous magnetization

We calculate the dc Josephson current ${I}_{J}$ for two types of superconductor-ferromagnet (S/F) Josephson junctions. The junction of the first type is a S/F/S junction. On the basis of the Eilenberger equation, the Josephson current is calculated for an arbitrary impurity concentration. If $h\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\ll}1,$ the expression for the Josephson critical current ${I}_{c}$ is reduced to that which can be obtained from the Usadel equation $(h$ is the exchange energy, and \ensuremath{\tau} is the momentum relaxation time). In the opposite limit $h\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\gg}1$ the superconducting condensate oscillates with period ${v}_{F}/h$ and penetrates into the F region over distances of the order of the mean free path l. For this kind of junctions we also calculate ${I}_{J}$ in the case when the F layer presents a nonhomogeneous (spiral) magnetic structure with the period $2\ensuremath{\pi}/Q. $ It is shown that for not too low temperatures, the \ensuremath{\pi} state which occurs in the case of a homogeneous magnetization $(Q=0)$ may disappear even at small values of Q. In this nonhomogeneous case, the superconducting condensate has a nonzero triplet component and can penetrate into the F layer over a long distance of the order of ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{T}=\sqrt{D/2\ensuremath{\pi}T}. $ The junction of the second type consists of two S/F bilayers separated by a thin insulating film. It is shown that the critical Josephson current ${I}_{c}$ depends on the relative orientation of the effective exchange field h of the bilayers. In the case of an antiparallel orientation, ${I}_{c}$ increases with increasing h. We establish also that in the F film deposited on a superconductor, the Meissner current created by the internal magnetic field may be both diamagnetic or paramagnetic.
Gap equation with pairing correlations beyond the mean-field approximation and its equivalence to a Hugenholtz-Pines condition for fermion pairs

The equation for the gap parameter represents the main equation of the pairing theory of superconductivity. Although it is formally defined through a single-particle property, physically it reflects the pairing correlations between opposite-spin fermions. Here, we exploit this physical connection and cast the gap equation in an alternative form which explicitly highlights these two-particle correlations, by showing that it is equivalent to a Hugenholtz-Pines condition for fermion pairs. At a formal level, a direct connection is established in this way between the treatment of the condensate fraction in condensate systems of fermions and bosons. At a practical level, the use of this alternative form of the gap equation is expected to make easier the inclusion of pairing fluctuations beyond mean field. As a proof-of-concept of the new method, we apply the modified form of the gap equation to the long-pending problem about the inclusion of the Gorkov-Melik-Barkhudarov correction across the whole BCS-BEC crossover, from the BCS limit of strongly overlapping Cooper pairs to the BEC limit of dilute composite bosons, and for all temperatures in the superfluid phase. Our numerical calculations yield excellent agreement with the recently determined experimental values of the gap parameter for an ultra-cold Fermi gas in the intermediate regime between BCS and BEC, as well as with the available quantum Monte Carlo data in the same regime.
ALMA Observations of SMM11 Reveal an Extremely Young Protostar in Serpens Main Cluster

We report the discovery of an extremely young protostar, SMM11, located in the associated submillimeter condensation in the Serpens Main cluster using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) during its Cycle 3 at 1.3 mm and an angular resolution of . SMM11 is a Class 0 protostar without any counterpart at 70 μm or shorter wavelengths. The ALMA observations show 1.3 mm continuum emission associated with a collimated 12CO bipolar outflow. Spitzer and Herschel data show that SMM11 is extremely cold ( 26 K) and faint ( 0.9 ). We estimate the inclination angle of the outflow to be , almost parallel to the plane of the sky, from simple fitting using a wind-driven-shell model. The continuum visibilities consist of Gaussian and power-law components, suggesting a spherical envelope with a radius of ∼600 au around the protostar. The estimated low C18O abundance, X(C18O) = 1.5–3 , is also consistent with its youth. The high outflow velocity, a few 10 at a few 1000 au, is much higher than theoretical simulations of first hydrostatic cores, and we suggest that SMM11 is a transitional object right after the second collapse of the first core.
Can we neglect relativistic temperature corrections in thePlanckthermal SZ analysis?

Measurements of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect have long been recognized as a powerful cosmological probe. Here we assess the importance of relativistic temperature corrections to the tSZ signal on the power spectrum analysis of the Planck Compton-$y$ map, developing a novel formalism to account for the associated effects. The amplitude of the tSZ power spectrum is found to be sensitive to the effective electron temperature, $\bar{T}_e$, of the cluster sample. Omitting the corresponding modifications leads to an underestimation of the $yy$-power spectrum amplitude. Relativistic corrections thus add to the error budget of tSZ power spectrum observables such as $\sigma_8$. This could help alleviate the tension between various cosmological probes, with the correction scaling as $\Delta \sigma_8/\sigma_8 \simeq 0.019\,[k\bar{T}_e\,/\,5\,{\rm keV}]$ for Planck. At the current level of precision, this implies a systematic shift by $\simeq 1\sigma$, which can also be interpreted as an overestimation of the hydrostatic mass bias by $\Delta b \simeq 0.046\,(1-b)\,[k\bar{T}_e\,/\,5\,{\rm keV}]$, bringing it into better agreement with hydrodynamical simulations. It is thus time to consider relativistic temperature corrections in the processing of current and future tSZ data.
Comprehensive Analysis of HD 105, A Young Solar System Analog

HD 105 is a nearby, pre-main-sequence G0 star hosting a moderately bright debris disk (Ldust/L⋆ ∼ 2.6 × 10−4). The star and its surroundings might therefore be considered an analog of the young solar system. We refine the stellar parameters based on an improved Gaia parallax distance and identify it as a pre-main-sequence star with an age of 50 ± 16 Myr. The circumstellar disk was marginally resolved by Herschel/PACS imaging at far-infrared wavelengths. Here, we present an archival ALMA observation at 1.3 mm, revealing the extent and orientation of the disk. We also present Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/NICMOS and VLT/SPHERE near-infrared images, where we recover the disk in scattered light at the ≥5σ level. This was achieved by employing a novel annular averaging technique and is the first time this has been achieved for a disk in scattered light. Simultaneous modeling of the available photometry, disk architecture, and detection in scattered light allow better determination of the disk’s architecture, and dust grain minimum size, composition, and albedo. We measure the dust albedo to lie between 0.19 and 0.06, the lower value being consistent with Edgeworth–Kuiper Belt objects.
Assessment of condyle-coronoid angle and gonial angle for gender determination: A digital panoramic study in Bagalkot population

Background: The determination of gender is of utmost importance for forensic science and medico-legal purposes. The mandibular bone may play a vital role in gender determination as it is the most dimorphic bone of the skull that is often recovered intact. In this respect, orthopantomograms are of great value in accurate age and sex estimation. The mandibular angles, especially the gonial angle is an important parameter of the craniofacial complex giving an indication about the vertical parameters and symmetry of the facial skeleton. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the usefulness of mandibular gonial and coronoid-condyle angle measurements on digital panoramic images as an indicator for gender determination in the Bagalkot population. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 panoramic images (100 males and 100 females) of Bagalkot district patients aged (18–58) yrs old were selected. Two mandibular parameters 1) gonial angle and 2) condyle-coronoid angle were analyzed using trophy DICOM 6.1. 2.0, masterview 4.2.0. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and Tukey's multiple post hoc procedures were used to compare the gender and two sides (left and right) with respect to gonial angle and condyle-coronoid angle. Results: The analysis of the present study confirmed a statistically significant difference between the right and left sides of the gonial angle and condyle-coronoid angle in both genders. The mean comparison also shows a variation between males and females, based on gonial angle and condyle-coronoid values; females have statistically significant higher mean values than males. Based on the analysis, the present study concludes that this difference between males and females from both sides suggests that the gonial angle and condyle-coronoid angle help in gender determination. Conclusion: The results of the study show that greater mandibular angle aids in gender dimorphism and proves to be beneficial in gender estimation. Gonial angle and condyle-coronoid angle can be used to differentiate gender with high accuracy.