Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of Heat Rejection in Triple Natural Draft Dry Cooling Towers under Crosswind Using Radiator-Type Windbreakers

In this paper, the effect of crosswind on triple natural draft dry cooling towers is studied and analyzed. Concerning this area, many researches have concentrated on one cooling tower. This research focuses on the mutual effects of the adjacent towers' performance, and also makes a comparison between the efficiency of the three cooling towers in windy and no-wind conditions, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). In modeling the crosswind condition, at first solid windbreakers, and then radiator-type windbreakers are used for each cooling tower. Finally, the water outlet temperatures of the radiators' cooling towers are analyzed, and the total heat rejections at different conditions are compared. Numerical results show that radiator-type windbreakers can substantially improve cooling efficiency more than usual solid-types. It should be mentioned that a complete grid study is done to achieve a grid-independent solution.
Gender-Based Violence, Economic Security, and the Potential of Basic Income: A Discussion Paper

doi/10.1093/socpro/spaa001/5809598 Cameron, A. , & Tedds, L. M. (2020a). Gender-based Analysis (GBA+) of the Alternatives. https://bcbasicincomepanel.ca/wpcontent/uploads/2021/01/Gender_Based_Analysis_Plus_GBA_of_Two_Policy_Alternatives_Bas ic_Income_and_Basic_Services. pdf Cameron, A. , & Tedds, L. M. (2020b). Overview of Gender-based Analysis Plus. https://bcbasicincomepanel.ca/wpcontent/uploads/2021/01/Gender_Based_Analysis_Plus_GBA_and_Intersectionality_Overview_a n_Enhanced_Framework_and_a_British_Columbia_Case_Study. pdf Cantillon, S. , & McLean, C. (2016). Basic Income Guarantee: The Gender Impact within Households. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, XLIII(3), 97-120. https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page? handle=hein.journals/jrlsasw43&div=40&g_sent=1&casa_toke n=9kEjNr2Ggf8AAAAA:8nbC8A6C6jxllua4-MZK1G73mS3vlh21uMnS3j9jhUWdkpmmF6L_K1cywq7nE2csUfbyjkAmg&collection=journals Capaldi, D. M. , Shortt, J. W. , Kim, K. , Wilson, J., Crosby, L. , & Tucci, S. (2009). Official Incidents of Domestic Violence: Types, Injury, and Associations with Nonofficial Couple Aggression. Violence and victims, 24(4), 502-519. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.24. 4.502 Celhay, P., Meyer, B. D. , & Mittag, N. (2017). Stigma in Welfare Programs. School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. Clough, A. , Draughon, J. E. , Njie-Carr, V. , Rollins, C. , & Glass, N. (2014). 'Having housing made everything else possible': Affordable, safe and stable housing for women survivors of violence. Qualitative Social Work, 13(5), 671-688. Coker, A. L. , Watkins, K. W. , Smith, P. H. , & Brandt, H. M. (2003). Social support reduces the impact of partner violence on health: application of structural equation models. Prev Med, 37(3), 259-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-7435(03)00122-1 Collins, A. B. , Boyd, J., Damon, W. , Czechaczek, S. , Krüsi, A. , Cooper, H. , & McNeil, R. (2018). Surviving the housing crisis: Social violence and the production of evictions among women who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada. Health & Place, 51, 174-181. Conner, D. H. (2014). Financial freedom: Women, money, and domestic abuse William & Mary Journal of Women and the Law, 20(2), 339-397. https://scholarship.law. wm.edu/wmjowl/vol20/iss2/4
Comparative Study of Caudal Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine with Clonidine in Infra Umbilical Surgeries in Children

Background: Caudal epidural analgesia is one of the most commonly performed regional blocks in paediatric anaesthesia for intra and post-operative analgesia. Addition of opioids like morphine, fentanyl is associated with side effects like respiratory depression, urinary retention, etc. Clonidine, an α2 agonist is known for its analgesic effects with lesser side effects. Hence, this study was conducted to know the efficacy and safety of addition of clonidine to bupivacaine in a single shot caudal block in children.Subjects and Methods:This study was conducted among 60 children in the age group of 5 – 10 years coming for various elective infraumbilical surgical procedures. They were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group A received caudal 0.25% bupivacaine (1ml/kg) and group B received caudal 0.25% bupivacaine (1ml/kg) with clonidine (1.5µg/kg). The various parameters studied were hemodynamic changes, duration of analgesia and incidence of side effects.Results:The groups were similar in age, sex and weight. The hemodynamic parameters like heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate were also similar between the two groups after administering caudal block. The mean duration of analgesia in group B (433.5 ± 60 min) was significantly longer (p< 0.05) than group A (250.33 ±41 min). Conclusion:This study showed that the addition of clonidine in the dose of 1. 5µg/kg to 0.25% bupivacaine (1ml/kg) improved the analgesic duration and efficacy after a single shot caudal block with minimal side effects in children.
Analyzing Raised Median Safety Impacts Using Bayesian Methods

Because traffic safety studies are not performed in a controlled environment such as a laboratory, but rather in an uncontrolled real-world setting, traditional analysis methods often lack the capability to evaluate the effectiveness of roadway safety measures adequately. In recent years, however, advanced statistical methods have been used in traffic safety studies to determine the effectiveness of such measures more accurately. These methods, especially Bayesian statistical techniques, can account for the shortcomings of traditional methods. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling is a powerful tool for expressing rich statistical models that more fully reflect a given problem than traditional safety evaluation methods could. This paper uses a hierarchical Bayesian model to analyze the effectiveness of raised medians on overall and severe crash frequency in Utah by determining the effect each newly installed median has on crash frequency and frequency of severe crashes at study sites before and after installation of the medians. Several sites at which raised medians have been installed in the past 10 years were evaluated with available crash data. The results show that the installation of a raised median is an effective technique to reduce the overall crash frequency and frequency of severe crashes on Utah roadways, with results showing a reduction in overall crash frequency of 39% and frequency of severe crashes of 44% along corridors where raised medians were installed. The results also show that hierarchical Bayesian modeling is a useful method for evaluating effectiveness of roadway safety measures.
An Empirical Study to Determine Whether ADHD Disorder Affects the Process of Language Learning

In previous studies, it seems that the classification of ADHD did not appear to interfere with learners’ performance in foreign language courses. In this empirical investigation, a group of 43 adult language learners diagnosed with ADHD were asked questions relating to their language learning process, in particular to the difficulties encountered when partaking language courses, as well as subjective opinions as to progress and success relating to the language learning and also what the participants felt could have assisted the learning to make it more effective, efficient and successful. A control group of 43 adult language learners who had not been diagnosed with ADHD were asked the same questions. The findings indicated some significant negativity from the ADHD group with regards to their progress and success with the language learning, as well as an extremely significant statistical difference between the ADHD group and the control group in relation to the difficulty concerning attention while learning. This finding concludes that in fact, language learners diagnosed with ADHD report their difficulty with attention and this would corroborate the attention deficit symptom inherent to this neurobehavioral disorder.
Two-Stage Model for Jointly Revealing Determinants of Noncompensatory Conjunctive Choice Set Formation and Compensatory Choice

Understanding the distribution and the determinants of search criteria thresholds helps in representing choice set formation and choice behavior. The development and estimation are presented of a two-stage model that jointly represents search criteria thresholds, within a noncompensatory choice set formation stage, and choice behavior, within a compensatory stage. Data were collected by using a custom-designed web-based choice experiment that seamlessly tracked the entire choice process by recording choice protocols. The model is applied to off-campus rental apartment choice by students as an example of a complex choice situation. The model combines three correlated ordered response models for the search criteria with a multinomial logit model for the choice among a realistically large realm of 200 alternatives. Estimates demonstrate that (a) the thresholds are correlated and their selection can be explained by individual characteristics, preferences, and perceptions and (b) the suggested methodology alleviates the computational complexity embedded in two-stage models by reducing the number of theoretically possible choice sets to the actually chosen ones.
Simulation of Combustor-Turbine Interaction in a Jet Engine

In the present work, “Simulation of Combustor-Turbine Interaction in a Jet Engine”, the theory and the simulation of combustor-turbine interaction in a jet engine are presented. The objective of this thesis was the extension of a given incompressible CFD-code for the calculation of the compressible, reactive flow inside the combustor and the adjacent stator of a jet engine. The extended solver shall be used to investigate possible interaction between combustor and turbine of a jet engine. The following two main topics were addressed: The given incompressible solver PRECISE-UNSTRUCTURED, which is used by the combustor group of Rolls-Royce Deutschland, uses a SIMPLE procedure for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. This algorithm was extended with an all-Mach number formulation for the calculation of compressible flow. The implementation was verified and validated with several test cases. Comparison to analytical and experimental references showed good agreement. Simulations of a real first stator of a Rolls-Royce Deutschland jet engine were performed to demonstrate the ability of the code to calculate flow in complex geometries. The combustion model PPDF-FGM (presumed probability density function-flamelet generated manifold) was to be used for the simulation of combustion. This model uses a stochastic mixture fraction and progress variable approach to account for chemistry-turbulence interaction. It was already available in the given code. But the model was originally developed under the assumption of incompressible flow. Therefore, its coupling with the SIMPLE algorithm needed to be changed. A respective coupling mechanism was developed and implemented. The limiting cases, incompressible combustion and non-reactive compressible flow, were used to verify the implementation. The results using the coupled algorithm were as expected. Finally, the developed code was used to perform an integrated simulation of a combustor and the first stator of a jet engine in one integral simulation. A second simulation without a stator was used to identify influences due to the stator on the flow in the rear part of the combustor.
The Strategic Justification for BGP

The Internet consists of many administrative domains, or \emph{Autonomous Systems} (ASes), each owned by an economic entity (Microsoft, AT\&T, The Hebrew University, etc.). The task of ensuring interconnectivity between ASes, known as \emph{interdomain routing}, is currently handled by the \emph{Border Gateway Protocol} (BGP). ASes are self-interested and might be willing to manipulate BGP for their benefit. In this paper we present the strategic justification for using BGP for interdomain routing in today's Internet: We show that, in the realistic Gao-Rexford setting, BGP is immune to almost all forms of rational manipulation by ASes, and can easily be made immune to all such manipulations. The Gao-Rexford setting is said to accurately depict the current commercial relations between ASes in the Internet. Formally, we prove that a slight modification of BGP is incentive-compatible in \emph{ex-post Nash equilibrium}. Moreover, we show that, if a certain reasonable condition holds, then this slightly modified BGP is also \emph{collusion-proof} in ex-post Nash -- i.e., immune to rational manipulations even by \emph{coalitions} of \emph{any} size. Unlike previous works on achieving incentive-compatibility in interdomain routing, our results \emph{do not require any monetary transfer between ASes} (as is the case in practice). We also strengthen the Gao-Rexford constraints by proving that one of the three constraints can actually be enforced by the rationality of ASes if the two other constraints hold.
Coordination and management of information for construction design projects : a framework for Portugal

In the construction industry in Portugal, the coordination and management of information for construction design projects has been neglected. The use of classification systems and protocols for the communication of information amongst the different stakeholders is poor and inefficient. This research aims to explore the viability of developing a systematic approach to the coordination of information amongst the multiple project stakeholders in the Portuguese Construction Industry. Bearing this in mind, the core research question of this doctoral thesis is: What sort of framework and guidelines are needed for the successful implementation of a classification information system for construction project design data in Portugal, which is accessible to all stakeholders involved? A mixed methods approach was developed for this purpose, with emphasis given to qualitative research techniques. Methods used comprised: literature review, quantitative survey, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Whereas quantitative research methods contributed to a more rigorous interpretation process, qualitative research methods offered a solid description of the former. This methodology was used in order to establish and design a conceptual classification framework model for information coordination and management throughout the design project and construction in Portugal. First, constraints and enablers to framework development and implementation were identified at all levels: political, cultural and behaviour, legal, technical and educational, economic and financial, and organizational issues. Three overarching issues were also identified: corruption, lack of accountability and non-compliance timelines/deadlines. Then, a conceptual framework was developed, detailing 1) content, 2) characteristics of an environment conductive to a successful development, implementation and use of the framework, and 3) guidelines to its dissemination.
Online shopping and the absence of touch : finding the best strategy to improve the online shopping experience

It has been suggested that goods requiring multisensory input (touch) will be less likely to be purchased over the Internet (e.g. clothing). This study explores the efficiency of verbal and visual combinations that can be used to improve the online product experience. The research question is: “In what way can verbal descriptions of tactile properties and additional visual information (pictures with zoom or videos) compensate for the absence of touch in the online shopping experience? ” In this study an experimental approach was used to investigate the influence of product description, visual information and product quality on the online shopping experience, for consumers with a low and high need for touch. Eight different stimuli with combinations were created and participants were asked to evaluate the product as well as the product presentation. The eight conditions included a luxury brand or a fast fashion brand, a normal- or a tactile product description and a picture with zoom function or a video. Results show that web shops should use a tactile product description in combination with video or zoom function when selling a luxury brand. However, when selling a fast fashion brand it is suggested to use a normal product description and a video. These combinations provide the richest online shopping experience. When considering the perceived comfort of the product and purchase intention of consumers, it is more useful to present a zoom function. These results can help to understand the online shopping experience of consumers with a high need for touch. Furthermore, marketers can use these results when designing new mobile shopping applications or interactive web shops. At last, the findings provide more insight into the multisensory marketing research area.
Adaptive setting of protective relays in microgrids in grid-connected and autonomous operation

In this paper, the capability of the numerical relays within the microgrid is sophisticatedly used to adapt the settings of the relays to the status of the microgrid. Different settings for the overcurrent relays are calculated off-line and saved in the relays. Whenever the microgrid is disconnected from the grid, the settings are automatically changed to the associated group of settings. This would guarantee that the faults with much smaller short circuit levels are detected by the overcurrent relays in the microgrid. The status of the microgrid is transferred by a communication link that is normally available in microgrids to the relays. The status could be identified by the operation of the main switch that connects the utility-grid to the microgrid. A sample microgrid is presented to show the details of the proposed method. Firstly, the overcurrent relays within the microgrid are set in grid-connected mode, and then the settings are calculated in autonomous operation. It is shown that for a fixed setting of the relays, the coordination is not achieved, while the transfer of the settings to a new group would solve the issue efficiently. (4 pages)
Numerical Simulation of Inner Support for Excavation Based on FEM Software ABAQUS

In two-dimensional space, an elasto-plastic finite element computational model was established to simulate inner support for excavation on the basis of the general-purpose finite element software ABAQUS. The soil was assumed to be a uniform and normally consolidated clay layer and strut was discreted by spring element. Compared with published case study, it can be concluded that FEM software AQAQUS can present one reliable simulation progress of inner support for excavation.
A Comparison of Trends in Hydrological Variables for Two Watersheds in the Mackenzie River Basin

A study of trends and variability of hydrological variables was conducted for natural streamflow gauging stations within two watersheds that are important sources of flow within the Mackenzie River Basin. A comparison was made between trend results for the Liard River Basin and for the Athabasca River Basin. These basins represent a north-south transect of high elevation headwater basins within the Mackenzie River system and are significant since they produce 34% of the annual flow, while occupying only 24% of the total drainage area. Trend analysis was conducted using the Mann-Kendall test with an approach that corrects for serial correlation. The global (or field) significance of the results for each watershed was evaluated using a bootstrap resampling approach. The relationships between trends in hydrological variables and trends in meteorological variables were investigated using partial correlation analysis. The results reveal more trends in some hydrological variables than are expected to occur by chance. In general, both basins exhibit an increase in winter flows and some increase in spring runoff. These increased flows are somewhat offset by decreases (not field significant) in summertime flow. Almost 50% of the stations used in the analysis show an increasing trend in annual minimum flows. Other differences in trend responses are noted for the two watersheds and possible explanations for the differences are hypothesized.
Multi-Loop PID Controllers Design for MIMO Processes Containing Integrator(s)

In this paper, design of multi-loop PI/PID controllers for an MIMO process which contains pure integrators and dead times is presented. A modified RGA is proposed to overcome the difficulty encountered in computing the RGA of the integrating process for loop pairing. After loop pairing, the design of N-loop controllers is decomposed into the design of N effective loops. From the controllers of these effective loops, multi-loop PI/PID controllers are determined. Each controller of the effective loops is derived from an equivalent system having cascaded loops. A method for synthesis of such controllers consists of two major steps. As a first step, a robust open-loop stable process is obtained by closing inner loops around those integrating processes. The controllers in the inner loop are aimed at good stability robustness without too much concern on the performances. For this reason, synthesis of these controllers is much easier. Then, in the second step, multi-loop controllers are designed to cascade those inner loops with emphases on both performance and robustness. The controllers obtained in the two steps are then used to derive the final multi-loop SISO controllers. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the design and the performances of the proposed design method.
Amplification of Ultrasonic Waves in Piezoelectric Semiconductors

Ultrasonic waves traveling in certain directions in piezoelectric semiconductors can be amplified by application of an electric field. The conditions for amplification are that the average drift velocity of the charge carriers exceed the velocity of sound and that the carriers travel in the same direction as the sound. Ultrasonic amplification has been observed in single crystal CdS, CdSe and ZnO from frequencies of 10mc/sec to over 1000 mc/sec. The gain is large enough (up to 0.3db per wavelength) to stimulate effort on devices like electrical amplifiers, long loss-less ultrasonic delay lines, etc., especially in the VHF, UHF region. Characteristics of ultrasonic amplifier devices, such as frequency limitations, power requirements, stability, and noise, will be discussed.