Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ice and ocean processes in the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica

[1] In the vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula observations show diminishing sea ice and a rapid warming of atmosphere and ocean. These changes have led to the collapse of ice shelves and retreat, acceleration, and thinning of inland ice. However, ocean observations in the center of the nearby Bellingshausen Sea are spatially and temporally coarse. In this study, ocean and sea ice models forced by atmospheric reanalyses are used to investigate this data gap by simulating processes in the Bellingshausen Sea for the years 1979–2007. The model suggests flow features in the region and predicts the basal melting of local ice shelves. Modeled ocean conditions are found to be less variable than in the nearby Amundsen Sea, which is situated closer to foci of annual and interannual atmospheric variability. Melt rates beneath George VI Ice Shelf are investigated in detail, concluding that the ice shelf may have been melting out of balance (and therefore thinning) for decades. The melt rate contains significant interannual variability that the model links to variation in sea ice conditions offshore of the southern end of the ice shelf. This stands in contrast to the Amundsen Sea, where models suggest that ice shelf melting is controlled by variable transport of Circumpolar Deep Water onto the continental shelf.
Frequency of physical therapy in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial

Objectives: This study is conducted to compare the three different frequency of the physical therapy application for knee osteoarthritis in female patients. Methods: Consecutive 89 female patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomized into three groups of physical therapy as twice-daily, once-a-day and alternate day, by computerized random number generator. We used Visual Analog Scale (VAS); to determine pain level, Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC); to determine osteoarthritis (OA) severity, 10-meter walking test (WD); to determine walking speed and Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire; to determine the quality of life. All groups received a total of 10 physical therapy sessions including hot pack, therapeutic ultrasound (US) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). We evaluated subjects at the beginning, at the end of treatment and at the third month control at post-treatment period. Results: Improvement was observed in all groups after treatment ( p 0.05), alternate day group showed a significant improvement ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: In the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, usually once-a-day physical therapy approach is preferred in daily practice. Alternatively twice a day or alternate day therapies can be applicable.
Introduction of new food and drink products in the UK: is there a trend towards more sustainability?

Manufacturers and retailers are major influences in shaping consumers’ food preferences and choices through a variety of activities such as the distribution formats they create, the ways they operate them and the new food and drink products that they introduce. This paper focuses on the UK food and drink market and its purpose is to explore the role of retailers and manufacturers, as agents of change, when introducing food and drink products with sustainability attributes. In particular the following questions were investigated: whether there is trend as regards food and drink products with sustainability related claims in the UK market and what companies are leading the introduction of new products with sustainable claims and in what categories. The data analysed in this paper were extracted from Mintel’s Global New Products Database (GNPD), which provides information about new products launched in selected countries. The data was subject to a statistical analysis to answer the two aforementioned questions. The analysis revealed that products with sustainability claims show a positive trend, with ‘environmentally friendly package’ being the most popular claim. Overall, the results indicate that the sustainability message is increasingly present in the development of new products of retailers and manufacturers in the UK and retailers through their private labels are playing an important role except for the case of products with carbon neutral calims.
Do International Capabilities and Resources Configure Firm’s Sustainable Competitive Performance? Research within Pakistani SMEs

Market conditions in emerging economies are often reported as less stable and volatile. The business sector, especially Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies, face several shortcomings including lack of resources, lack of finance, lack of support and lack of human skills, etc. Hence, they look to international support and resources to survive in a long run in the dynamic markets. This research examines the role of international finance, international technology, international experience and international network in SME firms’ Sustainable Competitive Performance (SCP) in Pakistan. SMEs are a major source of employment and value creation and, therefore, are very relevant to Pakistan economic and social development and improved sustainability. Hypotheses were tested on the data set collected from 304 emerging SMEs. After Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was applied in Analysis of a Moment Structures (AMOS), the results indicate that international finance, international experience and international network significantly positively contribute to SCP, but international technology is not a significant predictor of SCP. This research recommends top managers and policy makers to give enough attention to the particular international resources and capabilities in order to configure their firm survival in the turbulent market.
Nitric Oxide and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ( GFAP ) Expression in the Liver Parenchyma in Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury causes necrosis and fibrosis, which may lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Although a lot of study to understand the mechanism of liver fibrosis, our knowledge of the molecular level of this disease is still incomplete. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and regulation of nitric oxide (NO) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) on the severity of hepatic injury in male Wistar albino rats with CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and elucidate the underlying mechanism. A total of 20 male rats were randomly divided into healthy control group (A) and CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis model group (B), with 10 rats in each group. The results of this study suggest CCl4-induced hepatic injury is mediated by excessive NO production and up-regulated by inducible and endothelial NO synthase (P<0.05), which may plays a role in increasing hepatic injury. Additionally, liver injury induced by CCl4 demonstrated significant increases in GFAP (P<0.05). Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the CCl4-treated group exhibited increased inflammatory process and liver necrosis/fibrosis. Inflammatory response especially NO and GFAP expression is identified to play an important role in the development of liver injury and fibrosis induced by CCl4.
How Watershed Immigration Policies Affect American Public Opinion over a Lifetime

Important political events are known to influence political socialization and development (Green, Palmquist, and Schickler 2002). It is also possible that such events impact political socialization within particular age cohorts, and also across important social groups who may be impacted differently by landmark events. This paper examines whether landmark immigration events can leave a permanent mark on an individual's views toward immigrants and immigration, and whether that impact varies across different ethnic/racial groups in the United States Specifically, we examine the cohort of individuals who were in their formative years during the passage of major US immigration bills that were proposed or enacted from 1965 to 2010. Altogether, we focus on four pieces of landmark immigration legislation. The findings reveal variations on the effect of these events depending on the group in question; a relationship also emerges between these landmark legislative events and attitudes on immigration policies. The analysis contributes to an ongoing debate regarding the ways in which political elites influence attitudes, and we discuss how the findings may apply to other contexts outside the US.
Declining alcohol consumption among adolescents and schools in Stockholm, 2010–2016

Aims: The principle aim of this study was to investigate changes in alcohol consumption among adolescents in Stockholm from 2010 to 2016. A further aim was to investigate whether there are divergent or similar trends in alcohol consumption among elementary schools in Stockholm from 2010 to 2016 and, if there are diverging trends, to examine how the differences might be explained. Methods: Data were analysed using multilevel mixed effects linear regression, in which individual students represented one level and schools the second level. Data: Student-level data were derived from the Stockholm School Survey for the years 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016 (n = 15481). School-level data (n = 132) were derived from registries of the Swedish National Agency for Education. Results: The results showed that there was an almost 45% decline in total alcohol consumption among ninth-grade students in Stockholm between 2010 and 2016. The decline was similar among all analysed consumption groups. Two factors were found to statistically explain some of the general decline: more restrictive parental attitudes towards alcohol and, more importantly, decreasing alcohol consumption among the students’ peers. The downward trends among schools between 2010 and 2016 were universal but not identical, but when parental attitudes towards alcohol and peers’ alcohol behaviour were controlled for, the diverging school trends in alcohol consumption were considerably more equal. Conclusions: School constitutes a social context for the student of which both parents and peers are important parts, and the diverging changes may be due to the norms and behaviours, influenced by parents and peers, characterising these schools.
MonLink: Piggyback Status Monitoring over LLDP in Software-Defined Energy Internet

While software-defined networking (SDN) has been widely applied in various networking domains including datacenters, WANs (Wide Area Networks), QoS (Quality of Service) provisioning, service function chaining, etc., it also has foreseeable applications in energy internet (EI), which envisions an intelligent energy industry on the basis of (information) internet. Global awareness provided by SDN is especially useful in system monitoring in EI to achieve optimal energy transportation, sharing, etc. Link layer discovery protocol (LLDP) plays a key role in global topology discovery in software-defined energy internet when SDN is applied. Nevertheless, EI-related status information (power loads, etc.) is not collected during the LLDP-based topology discovery process initiated by the SDN controller, which makes the optimal decision making (e.g., efficient energy transportation and sharing) difficult. This paper proposes MonLink, a piggyback status-monitoring scheme over LLDP in software-defined energy internet with SDN-equipped control plane and data plane. MonLink extends the original LLDP by introducing metric type/length/value (TLV) fields so as to collect status information and conduct status monitoring in a piggyback fashion over LLDP during topology discovery simultaneously without the introduction of any newly designed dedicated status monitoring protocol. Several operation modes are derived for MonLink, namely, periodic MonLink, which operates based on periodic timeouts, proactive MonLink, which operates based on explicit API invocations, and adaptive MonLink, which operates sensitively and self-adaptively to status changes. Various northbound APIs are also designed so that upper layer network applications can make full use of the status monitoring facility provided by MonLink. Experiment results indicate that MonLink is a lightweight protocol capable of efficient monitoring of topological and status information with very low traffic overhead, compared with other network monitoring schemes such as sFlow.
Calving speed and climatic sensitivity of New Zealand lake-calving glaciers

Abstract Calving speeds and calving mechanisms in fresh water contrast with those in tidewater. We obtained calving speeds for six lake-calving glaciers in New Zealand’s Southern Alps, and surveyed the depths and temperatures of their ice-contact lakes. The glaciers are temperate, grounded in shallow (≤20 m) water, and exhibit compressive flow at their termini. These data increase the global dataset of fresh-water calving statistics by 40%, bringing the total to 21 glaciers. For this dataset, calving rates (uc) correlate positively with water depths (hw) (r2 = 0.83), the relationship being expressed by: uc = 17.4 + 2.3 hw. This is an order of magnitude lower than values of uc at temperate tidewater glaciers. For a subset of 10 glaciers for which ice-proximal water temperature (tw) data are available, uc also correlates positively with tw, supporting a physical relation between calving and melting at and below the water-line. Fluctuations of New Zealand lake-calving glaciers in the period 1958–97 show that although the transition from non-calving to calving dramatically increases frontal retreat rates, the onset of calving does not isolate terminus change from climatic forcing. In terms of climatic sensitivity, lake-calving glaciers occupy an intermediate position between tidewater glaciers (least sensitive) and non-calving glaciers (most sensitive).
Shorter Survival of SDF 1-3 ′ A / 3 ′ A Homozygotes Linked to CD 4 + T Cell Decrease in Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

Andrea Brambilla, Chiara Villa, GianPaolo Rizzardi, Fabrizio Veglia, Silvia Ghezzi, Adriano Lazzarin, Marco Cusini, Simona Muratori, Elena Santagostino, Alessandro Gringeri, Leslie G. Louie, Haynes W. Sheppard, Guido Poli, Nelson L. Michael, Giuseppe Pantaleo, and Elisa Vicenzi AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, and Biostatistics Unit, DIBIT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of AIDS Immunopathogenesis, Division of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, San Luigi AIDS Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; STD Clinic and “A. Bianchi Bonomi” Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Maggiore Hospital and University of Milan, Milan, Italy; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, and California Department of Health Services, Berkeley, California; Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Pathogenesis, Division of Retrovirology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, Maryland
Correlated shear and bulk moduli to 1400 km beneath the Mediterranean region

We present a new model for the shear and compressional wave velocity structure of the Mediterranean plate boundary region. he model is obtained by a combined inversion of S and P data, where we solve in one single step for shear wave and bulk sound elocity variations. The ratios between the types of seismic velocities inferred from the combined inversion constrain the origin of eterogeneity. Our model is dominated by fast anomalies from subducted oceanic lithosphere. We found that only a slight amount f bulk sound velocity heterogeneity is required to explain the combined set of P and S data. Thus, compressional wave velocity nomalies are dominated by shear modulus heterogeneity and the ratio between bulk sound and shear wave velocity heterogeneity uggests a predominantly thermal origin.
Nonlinear wave interaction with bottom-mounted structures by a high-order Boussinesq method.

This paper reports on our first attempts to compute highly-nonlinear wave interaction with bottom-mounted coastal structures using a high-order Boussinesq method. The results presented here include the classical linear diffraction pattern around a breakwater (for validation), and the nonlinear interaction of waves with a bottom-mounted plate where we compare to the experimental measurements discussed by Molin et al. [1] at the 18th workshop. The computed results involving linear breakwater diffraction, while not perfect, are in reasonable agreement with the theoretical predictions. More impressively, a highly-nonlinear simulation involving run-up on a vertical plate is in excellent agreement with experimental measurements. 1 The Boussinesq model The Boussinesq method used to make these computations is derived in [2, 3], where it is shown to accurately propagate nonlinear traveling waves in dimensionless water depths up to kh ≈ 25 (k the wavenumber, h the water depth) right up to the stable breaking limit. The associated wave kinematics (vertical distribution of pressure and velocity) are accurate up to kh ≈ 12. In [6] the method has been used to investigate three-dimensional instabilities leading to crescent wave patterns of extreme nonlinearity. To briefly outline the method, we consider water waves in three-dimensions using a coordinate system having the origin on the still-water plane, with the z-axis pointing vertically upwards. The fluid domain is bounded by the sea bed at z = −h(x), with x = [x, y], and the free surface at z = η(x, t), where t is time. The free surface boundary conditions are written in terms of velocity components at the free surface ũ = [ũ, ṽ] = u(x, η, t) and w̃ = w(x, η, t): ∂η ∂t = w̃ (1 + ∇η · ∇η) − Ũ · ∇η, (1) ∂Ũ ∂t = −g∇η − 1 2 ∇ ( Ũ · Ũ− w̃ (1 + ∇η · ∇η) )
Isomorphisms between big mapping class groups

We show that any isomorphism between mapping class groups of orientable infinite-type surfaces is induced by a homeomorphism between the surfaces. Our argument additionally applies to automorphisms between finite-index subgroups of these `big' mapping class groups and shows that each finite-index subgroup has finite outer automorphism group. As a key ingredient, we prove that all simplicial automorphisms between curve complexes of infinite-type orientable surfaces are induced by homeomorphisms.
Statistical control in correlational studies: 10 essential recommendations for organizational researchers.

Summary Statistical control is widely used in correlational studies with the intent of providing more accurate estimates of relationships among variables, more conservative tests of hypotheses, or ruling out alternative explanations for empirical findings. However, the use of control variables can produce uninterpretable parameter estimates, erroneous inferences, irreplicable results, and other barriers to scientific progress. As a result, methodologists have provided a great deal of advice regarding the use of statistical control, to the point that researchers might have difficulties sifting through and prioritizing the available suggestions. We integrate and condense this literature into a set of 10 essential recommendations that are generally applicable and which, if followed, would substantially enhance the quality of published organizational research. We provide explanations, qualifications, and examples following each recommendation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Efficacy of Peer Feedback in Turkish EFL Students’ Writing Performance

The overarching aim of this study is to find out the effects of peer feedback on Turkish EFL learners at pre-intermediate level. More specifically, the researcher sought to probe the strategies most suitable to these students by motivating them to scrutinize each other’s writings and develop their own perceptions of the advantages of becoming more critical of their writing. By addressing these aims and objectives, the researcher hoped to discover the advantages and effects of peer feedback in improving the writing skills of these students. A mixture of both quantitative and qualitative methods was considered appropriate to meet the needs of research. A questionnaire on attitudes and writing tests were used to collect primary data for the study in order to gain information about the needs of the students and the suitable strategies required for peer reading, examining, and giving feedback. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted to examine the students’ perceptions of peer feedback. Results of this study revealed that the peer feedback process helped learners in improving their writing performance as a result of which the students had a positive attitude towards using peer feedback in EFL classrooms. Based on the findings, implications for foreign language (FL) writing classes and suggestions for future studies are presented.
Musical Stylometry , Machine Learning , and Attribution Studies : A Semi-Supervised Approach to the Works of Josquin

Compositional authorship is often assigned though factors external to the musical text, such as biographical records and surveys of source attributions; however, such methodologies often fall short and are potentially unreliable. On the other hand, determining compositional authorship through internal factors—through stylistic traits of composers derived from the music itself—is often fraught with errors and biases. One of the underlying assumptions in the field of stylometry is that, while it is difficult for humans to perform a truly unbiased analysis of authorial attribution, computational methods can provide clearer and more objective guidelines than would otherwise be apparent to readers or listeners, and thus might provide corroboration or clues for further investigation. This paper discusses machine-learning approaches for evaluating attribution for compositions by Josquin des Prez. We explore musical characteristics such as melodic sequences, counterpoint motion, rhythmic variability, and other entry measures to search for features inherent to a composer’s works or style, and we hope that employing such an approach—one that explicitly states which factors led to the decision-making process—can serve to inform scholars looking at other works and composers.