Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE SPATIAL DILEMMAS OF EVOLUTION

Evolutionary game theory can be extended to include spatial dimensions. The individual players are placed in a two-dimensional spatial array. In each round every individual “plays the game” with its immediate neighbours. After this, each site is occupied by its original owner or by one of the neighbours, depending on who scored the highest payoff. These rules specify a deterministic cellular automaton. We find that spatial effects can change the outcome of frequency dependent selection. Strategies may coexist that would not coexist in homogeneous populations. Spatial games have interesting mathematical properties. There are static or chaotically changing patterns. For symmetrical starting conditions we find “dynamical fractals” and “evolutionary kaleidoscopes. ” There is a new world to be explored.
Meta-Analysis of Planetarium Efficacy Research.

In this study, the instructional effectiveness of the planetarium in astronomy education was explored through a meta-analysis of 19 studies. This analysis resulted in a heterogeneous distribution of 24 effect sizes with a mean of +0.28, p . 05. The variability in this distribution was not fully explained under a fixed effect model. As a result, a random effects model was applied. However, a large random effect variance component indicated that study differences were indeed systematic. The findings of this meta-analysis showed that the planetarium has been an effective astronomical teaching tool.
Upregulation of Neuroinflammatory Protein Biomarkers in Acute Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments

The purpose of this study is to characterize the inflammatory cytokine profile in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) compared to surgical controls. Vitreous humor was collected from patients undergoing vitrectomy for RRD and noninflammatory vitreoretinal diseases. A quantitative immunoassay was used to measure the levels of 36 cytokine markers. Linear regression analysis with the duration of detachment as the predictor and log-transformed cytokine levels as the outcome was conducted for normally distributed cytokines as determined by the Shapiro–Wilk test. The analysis was adjusted for age, sex, and race. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used for cytokines not normally distributed. Twenty-seven RRD cases and thirteen control cases were studied. Between all RRDs and controls, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) (p = 0.0029), inducible protein-10(IP-10) (p = 0.0021), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (p = 0.0040), interleukin (IL)-16 (p = 0.018), IL-8 (p = 0.0148), IL-6 (p = 0.0071), eotaxin (p = 0.0323), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha (p = 0.0149), MIP-1 beta (p = 0.0032), and the thymus and activation regulated cytokine (TARC) (p = 0.0121) were elevated in RRD cases. Between acute RRDs (n = 16) and controls, FGF2 (p = 0.0001), IP10 (p = 0.0027), MCP-1 (p = 0.0015), MIP-1β (p = 0.0004), IL-8 (p = 0.0146), and IL-6 (p = 0.0031) were elevated. Determining alterations in inflammatory cytokine profiles may aid in understanding their impact on RRD development, clinical course, and complications before and after surgical repair.
Effects of Riceberry Rice Bran Oil Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in Older Adults with Prehypertension

We investigated the changes in the oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers, including the activity of the cardiac autonomic nervous system, in older adults with prehypertension following Riceberry rice bran oil supplementation. A total of 35 women aged 60 to 76 years with prehypertension were randomly allocated to two groups, one of which was supplemented with rice bran oil (n=18) and the other with Riceberry rice bran oil (n=17) at 1,000 mg daily for 8 weeks. Prior to and after the supplementation, oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk biomarkers (primary outcomes), heart rate variability, and blood pressure (secondary outcomes) were investigated. Results showed that plasma malondialdehyde, blood glutathione disulfide, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were significantly decreased, and the ratio of reduced glutathione to glutathione disulfide significantly increased in both groups after supplementation (all P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between groups. Heart rate variability and blood pressure did not statistically significantly change subsequent to supplementation in either group and did not differ between groups. In conclusion, Riceberry rice bran oil supplementation for 8 weeks alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation in older adults with prehypertension to a similar extent as rice bran oil supplementation.
Health Related Quality of Life and Psychopathological Symptoms in People with Hemophilia, Bloodborne Co-Infections and Comorbidities: An Italian Multicenter Observational Study

Background The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with hemophilia (PWH) is an important issue, especially considering people suffering from chronic diseases beyond hemophilia. The principal aim of this study was to investigate the presence and relevance of psychological symptoms, both internalizing and externalizing, lifestyle, and HRQoL in a group of Italian PWH with chronic bloodborne co-infections and comorbidities. Furthermore, the research describes the association between psychological aspects and the impact of disease-related characteristics (type of hemophilia, presence of co-infections, and comorbidities) on them. Methods Seventy patients (mean age 46.77±11.3), 64 with severe hemophilia A (Factor VIII: C < 1 IU/dL) and 6 with severe hemophilia B (Factor IX <1 IU/dL), were consecutively recruited from seven Hemophilia Centers in Italy of Italian Association of Hemophilia Centers (AICE). In order to assess psychological symptoms, HRQoL, and lifestyle, three psychological questionnaires were administered (the SCL-90-R, SF-36, and PSQ, respectively). Results A general decline in the quality of life and an increase in the tendency to adopt a lifestyle characterized by hyperactivity emerged. Inverse correlations were found between HRQoL and psychological distress. Although the SCL-90-R did not reveal symptoms above the clinical cut-off, co-infections significantly increased anxiety, depression, somatizations, paranoia, and social withdrawal. Lastly, HRQoL is impaired by co-infections as well as comorbidities. Conclusion Our preliminary results must be confirmed to deepen the findings between mental health and hemophilia.
Electrical Properties of 1–3 Piezocomposites Prepared from Textured KSr2Nb5O15 (KSN) Ceramic Fibers

Highly [001] textured KSr2Nb5O15 (KSN) ceramic fibers were fabricated by a combination of novel alginate gelation method and templated grain growth using acicular KSr2Nb5O15 template particles. Fibers were drawn from alginate based slurries without or with 10 wt% KSN template particles. A maximum texture fraction of 0.96 was obtained. Piezocomposites with 1–3 connectivity were prered from the KSN fibers and their electrical and electromechanical properties were investigated. Dielectric constant of 90, piezoelectric charge coefficient of 60 pC/N, remnant polarization of 10 μC/cm2 and electric field induced strain of up to 0.036% were obtained from piezocomposites with textured fibers.
A chemometric approach to the environmental problem of predicting toxicity in contaminated sediments

Sediments can act as sinks of multiple chemicals that accumulate over time and could represent a potentially significant hazard to the ecosystem and human health. The assessment of sediment quality, which is a complex task, usually involves, in its initial steps, the measurement of sediment contamination, followed by tests for assessing toxicity. This work presents a chemometric approach to tackle the challenging issue of linking concentrations of chemicals to the potential for observing toxicity in sediments. Various methods were applied to large databases of field‐collected chemical and biological effects data, including linear and quadratic discriminant analysis (LDA and QDA), partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), extended canonical variates analysis (ECVA), classification and regression trees (CART) and counter‐propagation artificial neural networks (CP‐ANN). LDA, QDA, PLS‐DA and ECVA showed very similar and satisfactory performances, but the best results were obtained with CP‐ANNs and CART. In any case, the developed models for predicting toxicity improved the classification performance compared to previous approaches, giving non‐error rates (NERs) in the range of 76.0–97.4. Moreover, the exploration of the internal structure of the models, jointly with the application of variable selection techniques, allowed the study of the importance of the 16 chemical contaminants considered, emphasizing Cu, followed by Zn, as the most discriminating variables for predicting toxicity in the developed models. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
STRUCTURAL CHANGE TESTS BASED ON IMPLIED PROBABILITIES FOR GEL CRITERIA

This paper proposes Pearson-type statistics based on implied probabilities to detect structural change. The class of generalized empirical likelihood estimators (see Smith 1997, The Economic Journal107, 503–519) assigns a set of implied probabilities to each observation such that moment conditions are satisfied. The proposed test statistics for structural change are based on the information content in these implied probabilities. We consider cases of structural change with unknown breakpoint that can occur in the parameters of interest or in the overidentifying restrictions used to estimate these parameters. We also propose a structural change test based on implied probabilities that is robust to weak identification or cases in which parameters are completely unidentified. The test statistics considered here have competitive size and power properties. Moreover, they are computed in a single step, which eliminates the need to compute the weighting matrix required for generalized method of moments estimation.
Transport Properties of Iron Dichalcogenides FeX2 (X=S, Se and Te).

Iron dichalcogenides FeX 2 (X=S, Se and Te) attract interest as semiconducting material containing narrow 3 d band. FeS 2 crystallizes in a cubic pyrite-type structure, and both FeSe 2 and FeTe 2 in an orthorhombic marcasite-type one. Electrical resistivity (ρ), Hall coefficient ( R H ) and thermoelectric power ( S ) were studied on the synthetic samples of iron dichalcogenides FeX 2 (X=S, Se and Te) in the wide temperature range (77 K–600 K). The measurements of ρ, R H , and S were done for the same sample which is made in the proper preparation condition to get the mutually complementary informations with each other. All the prepared compounds are semiconductive at temperatures from 77 K to 600 K. Energy gaps, E Gh (ρ) and E Gh ( R H ), are estimated from the temperature dependence of ρ and R H in the region at high temperatures. The energy gap was found to decrease systematically from FeS 2 to FeTe 2 .
A New Look at Carbon Abundances in Planetary Nebulae. I. PB 6, HU 2--1, K648, and H4--1

This paper is the second in a series that reports on the outcome of a study of carbon abundances in a carefully chosen sample of planetary nebulae representing a large range in progenitor mass and metallicity. We use the Final Archive IUE database containing consistently reduced IUE spectra to measure line strengths of C III] j1909, along with numerous other UV lines for the planetary nebulae BB 1, NGC 650, NGC 1535, NGC 2440, and NGC 7027. Combining these measurements with optical data from the literature, we determine values for the abundance ratios He/H, O/H, C/O, N/O, and Ne/O for these Ðve objects using a Ðve-level program, but we Ðne-tune the results with corrections derived from detailed photoionization models constrained by the same set of emission lines. All Ðve objects show enhanced levels of C/O and N/O but depleted O/H with respect to the Sun. Subject headings : ISM: abundances È planetary nebulae : general È stars : evolution È ultraviolet : ISM
Use of Mass- and Area-Dimensional Power Laws for Determining Precipitation Particle Terminal Velocities

Abstract Based on boundary layer theory and a comparison of empirical power laws relating the Reynolds and Best numbers, it was apparent that the primary variables governing a hydrometeor's terminal velocity were its mass, its area projected to the flow, and its maximum dimension. The dependence of terminal velocities on surface roughness appeared secondary, with surface roughness apparently changing significantly only during phase changes (i.e., ice to liquid). In the theoretical analysis, a new, comprehensive expression for the drag force, which is valid for both inertial and viscous-dominated flow, was derived. A hydrometeor's mass and projected area were simply and accurately represented in terms of its maximum dimension by using dimensional power laws. Hydrometeor terminal velocities were calculated by using mass- and area-dimensional power laws to parameterize the Best number, X. Using a theoretical relationship general for all particle types, the Reynolds number, Re, was then calculated from the Be.
Spray Structure in Near-Injector Region Of Aerated Jet in Subsonic Crossflow (Postprint)

Abstract : An experimental study of the breakup of aerated liquid jet in subsonic crossflow was carried out. The test conditions were as follows: jet exit diameter of 1 mm, GLR (gas to liquid ratio) of 8%, and jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio of 0.74. Digital double-pulsed holograms were recorded at x/do = 0 to 25 in the cross stream direction, y/do = 0 to 27 in the stream wise (injection direction), and z/do = (-13) to 13 in the span-wise direction. Digital double-pulsed holographic microscopy (DHM) was utilized using double exposure 2048x2048 pixels CCD sensor. The field of view of all holograms was 9 mm x 9 mm, and the spatial resolution was 5 m. To overcome this small field of view, three-dimensional spray maps were constructed by patching several high resolution holograms. Measurements include droplets locations, drop sizes and sphericity, and three-dimensional velocities. The distributions of the drop sizes could be fully described by the SMD alone and followed Simmons' universal root-normal distribution.
Interlayer couplings in a differential dual spin valve

As a differential dual spin valve (DDSV) consists of two SVs separated by a gap layer, in addition to the interlayer couplings between the free layer (FL) and its reference layer in each SV, it is important to understand the interaction between the two FLs and its effect on reading performances. Systematical studies on FL’s switching behavior have been performed in both thin films and small devices. For thin-film samples, FL’s switching is governed by interlayer couplings while for a patterned DDSV device it is dominated by the strong magnetostatic edge coupling of the two FLs.
Aerodynamic Characteristics at Low Reynolds Numbers for Wings of Various Planforms

The aerodynamic characteristics of various wing planforms at low Reynolds numbers (about 1 x 10 4 ) were studied by conducting wind-tunnel tests. These low Reynolds numbers correspond to the flights of small creatures, such as insects. Elliptical, rectangular, and triangular planforms with various aspect ratios were used in this study, as well as a swept rectangular (parallelogram) wing with an aspect ratio of four. The wing sections of all models were thin rectangular airfoils. The aerodynamic forces (lift and drag) and the pitching moment acting on the wing were measured for a wide range of angles of attack (including the maximum of 90 deg). Nonlinear characteristics of the lift coefficient were obtained, even at low angles of attack for high-aspect-ratio wings, whereas a small lift slope and a large maximum lift coefficient were obtained for low-aspect-ratio wings. The drag and the pitching moment coefficients also exhibited nonlinear characteristics. The effect of the Reynolds number based on the wing chord was comparatively small, but a distinctive phenomenon in low-Reynolds-number flow was observed in flow visualization using oil-film and smoke-wire methods.
Identifying Impediments to Learning Probability and Statistics From an Assessment of Instructional Software

A detailed, multisite evaluation of instructional software designed to help students conceptualize introductory probability and statistics yielded patterns of error on several assessment items. Whereas two of the patterns appeared to be consistent with misconceptions associated with deterministic reasoning, other patterns indicated that prior knowledge may cause students to misinterpret certain concepts and displays. Misconceptions included interpreting the y-axis on a histogram as if it were a y-axis on a scatter plot and confusing the values a variable might take on by misinterpreting plots of normal probability distributions. These kinds of misconceptions are especially important to consider in light of the increased emphasis on computing and displays in statistics education.
Experimental Realization of a Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator, Bi 2Te3

Three-dimensional topological insulators are a new state of quantum matter with a bulk gap and odd number of relativistic Dirac fermions on the surface. By investigating the surface state of Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the surface state consists of a single nondegenerate Dirac cone. Furthermore, with appropriate hole doping, the Fermi level can be tuned to intersect only the surface states, indicating a full energy gap for the bulk states. Our results establish that Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} is a simple model system for the three-dimensional topological insulator with a single Dirac cone on the surface. The large bulk gap of Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 3} also points to promising potential for high-temperature spintronics applications.
RADIAL FORCE TRANSMISSION TO THE HUB FROM AN UNLOADED STATIONARY TYRE

The static and dynamic stiffness of a tyre sidewall are calculated as a function of geometry, load parameters and frequency. Two different expressions were used for below and above the ring frequency. The air pressure and section aspect ratio are found to be the controlling influences below the ring frequency. This sidewall stiffness was inserted into previously obtained wave equations to obtain the dispersion relationships and impedances for a tyre belt with sidewalls. The stiffness and force transmission to the hub in the region of the contact patch was also calculated and compared with measured values. The sidewall stiffness in the region of the contact patch is found to be strongly dependent on the belt wavespeed, giving a stiffer value in the region of the contact patch above the ring frequency.
Removable Singularities for Positive Currents

Suppose A is a closed subset of an open set Q contained in Cn. The main result (Theorem 6) of this paper is about extending positive currents defined on -A across A. More precisely, suppose u is a positive current defined on Q A which is d-closed and of complex dimension m. If the 2n -1 dimensional Hausdorff imeasure of A vanishes then the current u can be extended across A. If V is a pure m-dimensional subvariety of Q-A then integration over the regular points of V defines an m-dimensional, positive, d-closed current on Q -A. Theorem 6 can be used to prove Shiffman's Theorem [9] which says that if V is a pure m-dimensional subvariety of Q A and the 2m 1 dimensional IHausdorff measure of A vanishes then V is a pure m-dimensional subvariety of Q. Of course, if A itself is a subvariety of Q2 of complex dimension m-1 or less, then the 2m-1 dimensional Hausdorff measure of A vanishes. That is, Shiffman's theorem includes the well known theorem of Remmert and Stein [8] as a special case. A KDhler form oln? Q-A provides another example of a positive, dclosed current (of complex dimension n 1 or type (1, 1)). Consequently, Theorem 6 can be used to give a unified proof of a result (Theorem 8) on extending holomorphic maps of Q -A into Kahler manifolds across A; which was first proved by Gritffihs [2] for codimension A ? 3 and then by Shiffman [10] for codimension A = 2. As another application of Theorem 6 we obtain the result (Theorem 9) that "positive" line bundles defined outside a set A of 2n -3 dimensional Hausdorff measure zero extend across A (the extension is also "positive"). Shiffman [10] proved this results for a subvariety A of dimension n -2 or less. It is my pleasure to acknowledge several helpful conversations with John Polking.
THE PERIOD-LUMINOSITY RELATION OF THE CEPHEIDS

Around the turn of the century two investigations were started at the Harvard Observatory that had a far-reaching influence on the further development of astronomy: Henrietta S. Leavitt's investigation of the variable stars in the two Magellanic Clouds and Solon I. Bailey's investigation of the variable stars in globular clusters. The Magellanic Clouds turned out to be veritable mines of cepheids with periods longer than one day. In contrast, the overwhelming majority of the variables in globular clusters were cepheids with periods shorter than one day ; they were so characteristic of globular clusters that Bailey proposed for them the name "cluster -type variables. " Further investigations of these variables led to two very remarkable results. The most striking was Miss Leavitt's discovery that the brightness of the cepheids in the Magellanic Clouds is a function of the period of the lightvariation (the observed brightness increases with the period). Since there was every reason to believe that the objects in each Cloud are at practically the same distance from us, the observed period-brightness relation clearly implied a period-luminosity relation for the cepheids with periods longer than one day. Once established, this period-luminosity relation obviously would provide a simple and very powerful tool for determining the distance of any cepheid of known apparent brightness and period.
Transverse dimensions of chorus in the source region

We report measurement of whistler‐mode chorus by the four Cluster spacecraft at close separations. We focus our analysis on the generation region close to the magnetic equatorial plane at a radial distance of 4.4 Earth's radii. We use both linear and rank correlation analysis to define perpendicular dimensions of the sources of chorus elements below one half of the electron cyclotron frequency. Correlation is significant throughout the range of separation distances of 60–260 km parallel to the field line and 7–100 km in the perpendicular plane. At these scales, the correlation coefficient is independent for parallel separations, and decreases with perpendicular separation. The observations are consistent with a statistical model of the source region assuming individual sources as gaussian peaks of radiated power with a common half‐width of 35 km perpendicular to the magnetic field. This characteristic scale is comparable to the wavelength of observed waves.