Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Position and Fairness Views

How well do people know their social position relative to others in society and how does their position shape their views on the fairness of unequal outcomes? We provide new answers to these long-standing questions by combining survey-elicited perceptions on income positions and fairness views for a large, representative sample of prime-age people in Denmark with administrative data on their actual income positions, income histories, life events, and reference groups. This enables us to compare the income and perceived income positions reported by the respondents (in the survey) to the actual numbers (obtained from their tax returns) and to study social positions relative to many reference groups. These groups are others from the same cohort, co-workers in the same firm or sector, former schoolmates, neighbors or people living in the same municipality, or people with same education levels. We also show how changes in social position affect fairness views by exploiting the past changes in social positions of respondents, quasi-experimental real-life events (unemployment, health shocks, or promotions) that shift social positions, as well as randomized information treatments that show people their actual social positions. Our three main findings are: First, people underestimate the degree of inequality by believing that others are closer to themselves than they really are, yet misperceptions are not that large. Second, fairness views on inequality covary strongly -- and more than political views -- with the current social positions of individuals. Multiple pieces of evidence point to a causal relationship. Third, people view inequality within their education group and within co-workers to be most unfair, but in these same dimensions people underestimate the degree of inequality most and lower-income people strongly overestimate their own positions.
Using self-report and skin conductance measures to evaluate theme park experiences

This study examines the impact of the key affective moments of a theme park experience on visitors’ post-trip evaluations measured immediately after their visits. One hundred and twenty-three participants visited a theme park while their real-time skin conductance and self-report data were collected. Results indicate that visitors’ pleasure levels (i.e. average, beginning, peak, and end) consistently correlate with satisfaction, which in turn, positively influences behavioural intention. In particular, visitors’ satisfaction levels are better aligned with the affective intensity at the end moment and the average emotion intensity of a theme park experience. Arousal, however, was not found to be a significant indicator of post-trip evaluation. The study extends literature on key moments and retrospective evaluation by illustrating how visitors rely on affective moments of a theme park experience to construct overall evaluations. The study concludes with practical implications and scope for future research.
Building an Epidemiology of Happiness

Starting from the assumption that improving well-being is the central consideration for public policies, we show how subjective well-being research can help, and already is helping, to choose public policies based on their consequences for all aspects of life. The core of the paper lies in examples where the methods we propose, often in systematic experimental contexts, have already been used to guide the evaluation and ranking of alternative policy options in public health, education, workplace training, and social welfare. The arrival of COVID-19 has increased the urgency for a well-being focus, since the policy decisions being faced by governments dealing with the pandemic require an approach much broader than provided by more typical policy evaluations in all disciplines, including especially the social context and the distribution of costs and consequences. A broader approach to policy design and choice is fully consistent with the underlying aims of epidemiology, with similar gains likely in other policy disciplines. A focus on subjective well-being as an umbrella measure of welfare might help to restore to economics the breadth of purpose and methods it had two centuries ago, when happiness was considered the appropriate goal for private actions and public policies.
Infectious Disease Team Review Using Antibiotic Switch and Discharge Criteria Shortens the Duration of Intravenous Antibiotic: A Single-Center Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Thailand

Abstract Background Strategies have been recommended to optimize early antibiotic (ATB) switching from intravenous (IV) to oral ATB. This study aimed to determine whether infectious disease (ID) team review using ATB switch and discharge criteria would shorten the duration of IV ATB and length of hospital stay (LOS). Methods This cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 8 general medical wards as cluster units at Siriraj Hospital during January–October 2019. The ID team review with checklist criteria was performed on the third, fifth, and seventh day of IV-ATB treatment to determine (1) the suitability of switching to oral ATB or outpatient parenteral ATB therapy and (2) early discharge for patients receiving IV-ATB versus control. The primary outcomes were LOS and the duration or days of therapy (DOT) or defined daily dose (DDD) of IV-ATB therapy. Results Four wards each were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups (46 patients/cluster, 184 patients/arm). No significant difference was observed between intervention and controls for median duration of IV-ATB therapy (7 vs 7 days) and LOS (9 vs 10 days). A significantly shorter duration of IV ATB was observed in patients without sepsis in the intervention group when measured by DOT (7 vs 8 days, P = .027) and DDD (7 vs 9, P = .017) in post hoc analysis. Conclusions Infectious disease team review using checklist criteria did not result in a shorter duration of IV-ATB and LOS in overall patients. Further study is needed to determine whether faster culture turnaround time or advanced testing will reduce the duration of IV-ATB therapy.
Three Methods to Calculate the Financial Risk Measurement: Value-At-Risk and Expected Shortfall

Article history Received: 1 October 2020 Revised: 6 October 2020 Accepted: 9 October 2020 Published Online: 16 October 2020 This paper analyzes the relationship between the risk factor of each stock and the portfolio’s risk based on a small portfolio with four U.S. stocks, and the reason why these risk factors can be regarded as a market invariant. Then, it evaluates the properties of the convex and coherent risk indicators of the capital requirement index composed of VaR and ES, and use three methods(the historical estimation method, boudoukh’s mixed method and Monte Carlo method) to estimate the risk measurement indicators VaR and ES respectively based on the assumption of multivariate normal distribution’ risk factors and multivariate student t-copula distribution’s one, finally it figures out that these three calculation results are very close.
New Ion-Selective Electrodes for Determination of Bupivacaine and Oxybuprocaine

Abstract PVC membrane electrodes selective for hydrochlorides of the anaesthetics bupivacaine (BpC) and oxybuprocaine (ObC) are prepared. The electrodes have a near Nernstian slope (58 mV for BpC and 51 mV for ObC electrodes) over the range of 1.6 × 10−5-10−1M and 1.3 × 10−1M for BpC and ObC electrodes, respectively. The change in pH of the test solution within the ranges 2.5–6.0 and 3.0–7.4 does not affect the EpC-and ObC-electrodes, respectively. The electrodes have very long life times (10 days for BpC, and 3 months for ObC) and exhibit good seletivity for the investigated compounds with respect to a large number of inorganic cations and organic substances of biological importance. The isothermal coefficients of the electrodes are calculated from the standard electrode potentials at different temperatures. BpC and ObC are determined successfully in some pharmaceutical preparations using the calibration graph technique and potentiometric titration.
From the Total-Factor Framework to Food Cost Performance Disaggregation—Developing an Innovative Model to Enhance Menu Performance

The menu serves as a form of advertisement and has also been recognized as an important marketing communication tool between restaurant and consumer. Extant literature have assessed the menu item performance by using the multi-factor efficiency index. However, there is a paucity of literature focusing on the efficiency disaggregation in order to improve the performance of individual food, labor, and other resources. The aim of this study was to determine the input targets for each menu item by comparing the efficiency frontier established by all menu items in two types of restaurant chains. In order to achieve this goal, the study sought to establish the food and labor cost performance assessment model utilizing the total-factor framework combined with a slack-based measure (SBM) of efficiency in data envelopment analysis (DEA) (SBM-DEA). Resource-saving target ratios (RSTR) for panel data with 35 menu items in these two different cultural type of restaurant chains including Chinese-style and Japanese-style restaurants for twelve months were assessed in a total-factor framework. The four-quadrant analysis based on efficiency and unit profit offered different strategies to the restaurateur being studied. The empirical findings indicated that the average total-factor food cost efficiency (TFFCE) was better than the total-factor labor cost efficiency (TFLCE) in these two types of restaurants. The TFFCE (80%) and TFLCE (61%) of the Chinese-style restaurant were better than those (TFFCE (76%) and TFLCE (50%)) of the Japanese-style restaurant in the observant periods. Even though the Chinese-style restaurant had a better resource efficiency, the restaurateur was still able to improve at least 20% in terms of food cost efficiency and 39% of labor cost efficiency, respectively. Managerial discussion and future study are also discussed.
Biochemical and Histomorphological Study of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rabbits

This study was designed to investigate the biochemical and histomorphological changes occurring due to streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rabbits. Twelve New Zealand male rabbits of uniform age were divided into two Groups. Group I was made diabetic by single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (@ 65mg/kg.b.w.) whereas Group II served as control. Significant increase in blood sugar (P<0.01), blood urea (P<0.10) and serum creatinine (P<0.10) was recorded in Group I rabbits compared to Group II rabbits. Further, histomorphological alterations of pancreas, kidneys, liver, heart, lungs and brain were observed. However, no pathological features were observed in alimentary canal. From the study, it is concluded that streptozotocin-induced diabetes causes disturbances in biochemical and histological features in rabbits and serves as a model in studying the various complications arising due to this illness.
Binary Fraction Estimation of Main-sequence Stars in 12 Open Clusters: Based on the Homogeneous Data of LAMOST Survey and Gaia DR2

Based on the homogeneous low-resolution spectra data observed by Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) and the Gaia Data Release 2 (Gaia DR2) photometric data, we chose 12 open clusters (OCs) to study their fundamental parameters and binary fractions (BFs). For each OC, more than 20 cluster members were observed by LAMOST, and some of them were observed multiple times. We used these data to derive precise metallicities of OCs. Combining the metallicities and the Gaia DR2 photometric data, we used the isochrone fitting method to obtain fundamental parameters of these OCs. By fixing metallicity during the fitting, we avoided the effect of degeneracy between the metallicity and reddening. Based on the fundamental parameters, we utilized the synthetic color–magnitude diagram (CMD) method to derive the BFs of main-sequence (MS) stars, the mass functions (MFs) with correction of binaries, and the companion mass ratio distributions. The BFs of observed MS stars in OCs in this paper vary from 29% to 55%. Extrapolating the synthetic CMD to the hydrogen-burning limit, the BFs vary from 13% to 47%. Combining MFs published by previous literature with our results, we found that MFs with correction of binaries were steeper than those without correction by Δα = 0.6 ± 0.16 in the mass range of m ∈ [1M⊙, 2.67M⊙]. We found that the companion mass ratio distribution in OCs of our sample was flat. We also found a significant positive correlation between the BF and density.
DeepBedMap: a deep neural network for resolving the bed topography of Antarctica

Abstract. To resolve the bed elevation of Antarctica, we present DeepBedMap – a novel machine learning method that can produce Antarctic bed topography with adequate surface roughness from multiple remote sensing data inputs. The super-resolution deep convolutional neural network model is trained on scattered regions in Antarctica where high-resolution (250 m) ground-truth bed elevation grids are available. This model is then used to generate high-resolution bed topography in less surveyed areas. DeepBedMap improves on previous interpolation methods by not restricting itself to a low-spatial-resolution (1000 m) BEDMAP2 raster image as its prior image. It takes in additional high-spatial-resolution datasets, such as ice surface elevation, velocity and snow accumulation, to better inform the bed topography even in the absence of ice thickness data from direct ice-penetrating-radar surveys. The DeepBedMap model is based on an adapted architecture of the Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network, chosen to minimize per-pixel elevation errors while producing realistic topography. The final product is a four-times-upsampled (250 m) bed elevation model of Antarctica that can be used by glaciologists interested in the subglacial terrain and by ice sheet modellers wanting to run catchment- or continent-scale ice sheet model simulations. We show that DeepBedMap offers a rougher topographic profile compared to the standard bicubically interpolated BEDMAP2 and BedMachine Antarctica and envision it being used where a high-resolution bed elevation model is required.
Perovskite and Spinel Catalysts for Sulfate Radical-Based Advanced Oxidation of Organic Pollutants in Water and Wastewater Systems

Since environmental pollution by emerging organic contaminants is one of the most important problems, gaining ground year after year, the development of decontamination technologies of water systems is now imperative. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with the formation of highly reactive radicals can provide attractive technologies for the degradation of organic pollutants in water systems. Among several AOPs that can be applied for the formation of active radicals, this review study focus on sulfate radical based-AOPs (SR-AOPs) through the heterogeneous catalytic activation of persulfate (PS) or peroxymonosulfate (PMS) using perovskite and spinel oxides as catalysts. Perovskites and spinels are currently receiving high attention and being used in substantial applications in the above research area. The widespread use of these materials is based mainly in the possibilities offered by their structure as it is possible to introduce into their structures different metal cations or to partially substitute them, without however destroying their structure. In this way a battery of catalysts with variable catalytic activities can be obtained. Due to the fact that Co ions have been reported to be one of the best activators of PMS, special emphasis has been placed on perovskite/spinel catalysts containing cobalt in their structure for the degradation of organic pollutants through heterogeneous catalysis. Among spinel materials, spinel ferrites (MFe2O4) are the most used catalysts for heterogeneous activation of PMS. Specifically, catalysts with cobalt ion in the A position were reported to be more efficient as PMS activators for the degradation of most organic pollutants compared with other transition metal catalysts. Substituted or immobilized catalysts show high rates of degradation, stability over a wider pH area and also address better the phenomena of secondary contamination by metal leaching, thus an effective method to upgrade catalytic performance.
Cytotoxicity of Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Dried Ginger

Zingiber officinale (also called ginger) is commonly used for traditional treatment of various diseases and for culinary purposes. This plant species is a herbaceous and develops yearly pseudostems around one meter tall bearing limited leaf cutting edges. The synthesis of metal nanoparticles and nanocomposites is an emerging area of research and exploration in the field of material science for their unique size and shape and have reliant features that are different from the regular bulk structure. The aim of the present study was to synthesize iron nanoparticles using dried ginger and evaluate their cytotoxic effects against brine shrimp. The nanoparticles were Original Research Article Begum et al.; JPRI, 32(25): 112-118, 2020; Article no.JPRI. 59764 113 synthesized using dried ginger and characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity assessment was carried out using brine shrimp lethality assay. The iron nanoparticles did not show any cytotoxicity to the brine shrimp. This eco-friendly synthesis of iron nanoparticles from dried ginger has proved to be convenient, inexpensive and can be safely used in wide range of medicine and dental fields.
The REE-Induced Absorption and Luminescence in Yellow Gem-Quality Durango-Type Hydroxylapatite from Muránska Dlhá Lúka, Slovakia

In talc-magnesite veins in serpentinite near Muránska Dlhá Lúka (MDL), Slovakia, yellow euhedral to subhedral crystals apatite of a gem quality occur. It has a composition of hydroxylapatite with F− varying between 0.29 and 0.34 apfu, Cl− in range of 0.02–0.05 apfu and calculated OH− content between 0.62–0.68 apfu. Moreover, [CO3]2− molecules were identified by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. MDL apatite contains only up to 0.003 apfu As5+ and Si4+ substituting for P5+; Ca is substituted by small amount of Na, Fe2+, Mn2+ (all up to 0.006 apfu), and Rare Earth Elements (REE—in total up to 0.017 apfu). Compared to trace-element composition of similar apatites from Durango, Mexico, the REE content in MDL apatite is around ten times lower with Nd > Ce >> La, its chondrite-normalized REE pattern has almost a horizontal slope and larger negative Eu anomaly. The MDL apatite is richer in Mn, Pb and Li, but poorer in As, V, Th and U. The concentrations of Sr and Y are similar. In the optical absorption spectra, the most prominent bands are at 585–590 nm (Nd3+) and between 600 and 800 nm (Mn2+, Ce3+-SiO3− photochromic center and Nd3+). The photoluminescence spectrum of MDL apatite shows bands between 550 and 620 nm (Dy3+, Sm3+, Pr3+ and also Mn2+) which likely enhance its yellow color. MDL hydroxylapatite likely formed from fluids derived from granitic rocks as evidenced by the chondrite-normalized REE patterns, Li, Mn and Y concentrations. The Sr content reflects the host-rock serpentinite composition. Fluids for its crystallization were likely derived from Muráň complex orthogneisses by the Alpine deformation and recrystallization in greenschist to lower amphibolite facies.
The Kinetics of the Formation of Calcium Carbide in a Solid-Solid Reaction

The kinetics of the formation of calcium carbide in the solid state reaction of calcium oxide with carbon has been examined by using a thermobalance in the temperature range 1600 to 1800°C and at 50, 100 and 200 mmHg of carbon monoxide. The reaction ratio vs. time curves were parabolic in all experimental runs, and the reaction followed parabolic kinetics: (1−3\sqrt1−x)2=kt. On the other hand, the decomposition of calcium carbide as a successive reaction occurred from the specimen surface and was described as a zero-order reaction. As the reaction velocity depended strongly on the pressure of carbon monoxide, it is considered that the reaction rate is governed by the diffusion process of gas through the product layer, as well as that of solids into the solid and product layer.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children with functional constipation aged 6 to 12 years attending outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital at Tamil Nadu, India

Background: Functional constipation and obesity negatively impact children in several aspects. Objective was to find the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children with functional constipation in the age group of 6 to 12 yearsMethods: This cross-sectional study was done at the outpatient department of the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Surgery at Arunai Medical College and Hospital, Thiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu, India among 186 children with functional constipation aged 6 to 12 years. Data was collected from the parents and children using a predesigned questionnaire and clinical examination done. Data collected were analyzed by suitable statistical methods. Results: Out of the 186 children with functional constipation studied, 76 (40.86%) had normal BMI, 66 (35.48%) were overweight and 44 (23.66%) were obese. Of the 66 overweight children with functional constipation, 50% are male and 50% are female. Of the 44 obese children with functional constipation, 63.64% were male and 36.36% were female. A statistically higher prevalence of overweight (63.79%) and obesity (25.87%) was observed in children with functional constipation in the age group of 11 to 12 years. There was no statistically significant correlation of gender and socioeconomic status with body mass index (BMI) in children with functional constipation. A higher prevalence of overweight (57.45%) was observed in children with functional constipation with a predominantly non vegetarian diet. 46.77% of children with functional constipation experienced encopresis. The percentage of children with encopresis was significantly higher in the obese group (88.64%) compared to overweight children (57.58%) and children with normal BMI (13.16%). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in children with functional constipation aged 6 to 12 years.
Comparison the Efficacy of EMLA Cream versus EMLA with High Frequency Sonophoresis in Decreasing Onset Time to Topical Anaesthesia in Adult Volunteers: A Pilot Study

Background: Sonophoresis or phonophoresis is a well-known transdermal drug delivery mechanism. Usage of high frequency ultrasound for sonophoresis was initiated in late 1950s while the usage of low-frequency sonophoresis was investigated significantly during the past two decades. The objective was to analyze the efficacy of high frequency ultrasound probe in the penetration of EMLA cream in decreasing onset time for topical anaesthesia in adult healthy volunteers. Methods: A prospective, open labelled, comparative study was conducted on patients reporting at the Pain Clinic our institute. Subjects received the intervention USG probe with EMLA either on the left or the right hand based on a random number chart, with the other hand of the same subject acting as a control. In group USG, the probe was applied directly on the cream without any added pressure. Sensory testing was done every 10 minutes by pin prick on both the hands of the patients NRS scores of both the hands were recorded at 10.20,30 and 40 minutes. Results: Total 20 patients were selected for the study. Although a significant decrease in the pain scores in both the groups was observed after 40minutes, (p<0.05) both the groups are comparable at each point of time. We could not find any significant decrease in pain scores when groups are compared in intervals during the study period. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in decreasing the intensity of pain scores upon application of ultrasound over EMLA in an adult population. Further studies have to be done to prove the efficacy in a larger population and pediatric ones.