Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing undergraduate research experiences before, during, and after the COVID-19 quarantine: The successful adaptation of the BUILD PODER Summer JumpStart program

In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic forced many in person undergraduate research experiences (UREs) to pivot to remote online training. To investigate how the COVID-19 quarantine disrupted student URE outcomes over time, the current study examines Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) Promoting Opportunities for Diversity in Education and Research (PODER) URE outcomes across different platforms (in-person, remote, and hybrid models) by comparing student survey data from 2019 to 2021. Participants consisted of three cohorts: 2019 (n = 26 students), 2020 (n = 33), 2021 (n = 34). The BUILD PODER Summer JumpStart program (SJS), which aims to increase diversity in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) by recruiting mostly underrepresented students, was conducted in person in 2019, remotely in 2020 and using a hybrid model in 2021. All students completed an online survey on the first and last day of the four-week SJS program. We used one-way and mixed ANOVA models to analyze Cohort, Time (pre-test vs. post-test scores), and interaction of Cohort and Time for Research Self-Efficacy, Sense of Belonging, Mentor Relationship, Mentee Knowledge, Health, Stress, and Student Program Satisfaction measures. Despite the platform changes, student scores increased significantly over time for all measures. There was a significant main effect of Time for Research Self-Efficacy, Sense of Belonging, Mentor Relationship, Mentee Knowledge, Health Assessment, and Stress Management. Findings indicate that URE programs that are implemented remotely and using a hybrid format can provide students with experiences similar to in-person URE programs. In addition, remote UREs may provide added benefits compared to in-person programs. For instance, remote UREs could engage more historically minoritized students, who may experience barriers to access, such as work/family commitments, financial constraints, and geographic limitations.
Permanent Subluxation of the Lateral Meniscus in a 10-year-old Boy: A Case Report with Short Literature Review

Introduction: Locking of the knee attributed to non-discoid lateral meniscus in an atraumatic setting is a rare phenomenon. One such cause is permanent subluxation of lateral meniscus (PSLM). In the entire literature, there is only one documented case of a 37-year-old female. Case Report: We present a case of a 10-year-old boy who suffered two episodes of knee locking reported radiologically as a bucket handle tear of the lateral meniscus. No tear was found during arthroscopy. The lateral meniscus was malformed with meniscocapsular discontinuity and irreducibly subluxated into the intercondylar space. No salvage procedure was possible. We ended up performing a subtotal meniscectomy. Conclusion: This is the first case of PSLM reported in the pediatric age group and second overall. Management options are limited. Further genetic and fetal studies are needed in this area to determine the exact causality.
Analysis of the effect of nursing care based on action research method on the prevention of postoperative lymphedema in breast cancer patients

Rationale: In recent times, the pervasive adoption of the action research method has garnered substantial attention both domestically and internationally. Its integration has traversed various domains of nursing research, nursing education, and nursing practice, yielding commendable outcomes. However, a notable gap persists, as this method remains untapped in the realm of nursing care concerning the prevention of postoperative lymphedema in breast cancer patients. Diagnosis: To employ the action research methodology in the context of patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection surgery for breast cancer, aiming to investigate its impact on mitigating postoperative lymphedema and assessing its influence on the patient’s quality of life, as well as levels of anxiety and depression postoperatively. Intervention: The study focused on breast cancer patients admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to December 2022. Among them, 44 patients from January to June constituted the control group, while 44 patients from July to December comprised the observation group. Conventional nursing measures were applied to the control group, whereas the observation group received nursing interventions rooted in the action research method. A comparative analysis was conducted between the 2 groups, assessing the incidence of postoperative lymphedema, daily life ability, as well as levels of anxiety and depression. Outcomes: The prevalence of edema was notably reduced in the observation group (20.93%) compared to the control group (42.22%), with a statistically significant difference. Throughout the study, patients in both groups exhibited increased Barthel Index Scale scores from the study’s initiation, and the scores for the observation group surpassed those of the control group, reaching statistical significance (P < .05). Furthermore, by the study’s conclusion, anxiety and depression scores for patients in both groups were diminished compared to the study’s commencement, and the observation group demonstrated significantly lower scores in anxiety and depression compared to the control group (P < .05). Lessons: The implementation of nursing care grounded in the action research methodology exhibits a capacity to diminish both the occurrence and intensity of postoperative lymphedema in breast cancer patients. Concurrently, it enhances the patients’ daily life functionality and mitigates symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Posterior Epidural Migrated Lumbar Disc Fragment at L2–3 Level Mimicking an Extradural Spinal Tumor: A Case Report

Introduction: Disc sequestration is well known as a perforation of the fibrous ring and posterior longitudinal ligament, and migration of the fragment to the epidural space. Case Report: A 62-year-old man complained of increased pain and hypoesthesia and muscle weakness of the left lower limb that had started 1 month before. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumor-like mass at the L2–3 level on the posterior side of the dura. The fragment was strongly adhered to the dural sac and was resected piece by piece. Disc herniation recognized at L2–3 compressed the left L3 nerve root and was removed. The histopathological diagnosis was consistent with a degenerated intervertebral disc. All symptoms improved after the surgery. Conclusion: There are few reports about the posterior migrated disc herniation at higher lumbar level. It may be associated with fused segments from L4 to the pelvis due to the previous surgery, which impacted the adjacent segment.
Action observation and execution network : an extended view

The mirror mechanism is a basic mechanism that transforms sensory representations of others’ behaviours into one’s own motor or visceromotor representations concerning that behaviour. In this review, we examine the different functions of the mirror mechanism according to its location in the brain, with particular emphasis on recent data concerning the prefrontal cortex and the emotional centres.
The Diagnostic Interview for Sexual Dysfunctions in Women for DSM‐5 and ICD‐11: Development and initial validation using a vignette‐based approach

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the newly developed Diagnostic Interview for Sexual Dysfunctions in Women (DISEX‐F), which covers diagnostic criteria of DSM‐5 and ICD‐11. Methods Thirty‐two actresses portrayed 32 cases of female sexual dysfunctions (= standardized patients). To calculate inter‐rater reliability, each standardized patient was interviewed independently by two trained diagnosticians using the DISEX‐F. Interviews were videotaped, and each videotape was evaluated by two other independent diagnosticians. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated by comparing the assigned diagnoses to the target diagnoses pre‐determined in the case vignettes. As a side criterion, the acceptance of the DISEX‐F among diagnosticians was assessed. Results Specificity was found to be generally clinically satisfying (DSM‐5: 0.90–0.99; ICD‐11: 0.95–0.99), while sensitivity (DSM‐5: 0.40–0.92; ICD‐11: 0.71–0.96) and inter‐rater reliability (DSM‐5: Cohen's kappa = 0.44–1; ICD‐11: Cohen's kappa = 0.75–0.94) greatly varied between classification systems and disorders. Imprecise acting and false differential diagnostic decisions were identified as major sources of mismatch. The acceptance of the DISEX‐F was high. Conclusion Results encourage usage of the DISEX‐F for ICD‐11 diagnoses. Mixed results were found for DSM‐5 diagnoses, which can partly be explained by shortcomings in DSM‐5 criteria.
An isolated pontine infarct extending to the basal pontine surface has a higher abnormal ankle-brachial index

Patients with ischemic stroke and branch atheromatous disease (BAD) have worse neurological deficits and prognoses than those with small vessel occlusion (SVO). However, both disorders are forms of deep brain infarctions. This study aimed to investigate an MRI-based etiological classification for isolated pontine infarctions and assess differences in vascular risk factors and peripheral arterial disease among etiological subtypes. Consecutive data of patients admitted for acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack between August 2016 and July 2019 were reviewed. Acute isolated pontine infarcts were classified into 3 groups: BAD, SVO, and large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), according to basilar or vertebral artery steno-occlusion and the extent of the infarct lesion on the basal pontine surface as displayed on magnetic resonance imaging and angiography. Vascular risk factors, ankle-brachial index (ABI), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity were analyzed in the 3 groups. Among 64 enrolled patients, BAD was the most common cause of isolated pontine infarct. The BAD group had a higher frequency of abnormal ABI and hypertension than the SVO group. The BAD group had abnormal ABI and hyperlipidemia more frequently than the LAA group. No significant difference was found in diabetes or brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity incidence between the BAD and SVO groups. ABI and vascular risk factors in the BAD group were more similar to those in the LAA group than to those in the SVD group. This finding suggests that pontine lesions extending to the basal pontine surface have an atherosclerotic mechanism in BAD, requiring potent antiplatelet therapy for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke.
Factors influencing the acceptability of alcohol drinking for a patient with colorectal cancer

Introduction Colorectal cancer is the second deadliest cancer worldwide. One of the risk factors for the development of this type of cancer is alcohol consumption. Patients with colorectal cancer may be stigmatized regarding their cancer and regarding drinking behaviors they may exhibit. This study aimed to analyze community persons’ and health professionals’ acceptability judgments regarding alcohol drinkers having colorectal cancer. Method This study relies on an experimental method enabling the identification of variables involved in one’s judgment, based on the exhaustive combination of factors yielding several scenarios rated by participants. Scenarios implemented factors possibly influencing participants’ perception of a woman character having colorectal cancer. Factors included her drinking habits, post-diagnosis drinking behavior and type of diagnosis/prognosis. The participants were community persons (N’ = 132) or health professionals (N" = 126). Data were analyzed using a within-subject factorial ANOVA. Results In both samples, the "Post-diagnosis behavior" factor had large effect sizes, with drinking cessation being more acceptable than other drinking behaviors. Another factor, "Drinking habits", had significant influences on participants judgments, as higher drinking was considered less acceptable. A third factor, "Diagnosis" (polyps, early- or late-stage cancer), was taken into account by participants when it interacted with "Drinking habits" and "Post-diagnosis behavior". Indeed, participants considered most acceptable to continue drinking in the case of late-stage cancer, especially in the health professional sample where the acceptability of continuing drinking was almost doubled when the character had advanced- rather than early-cancer. Conclusion The lesser the drinking behavior, the better the acceptability. However, advanced cancer stage attenuated the poor acceptability of drinking in both samples, as participants’ attitudes were more permissive when the patient had advanced cancer.
Assessment of the flow regime alterations in the middle reach of the Yangtze River associated with dam construction: potential ecological implications

Hydrological regimes strongly influence the biotic diversity of river ecosystems by structuring physical habitat within river channels and on floodplains. Modification of hydrological regimes by dam construction can have important consequences for river ecosystems. This study examines the impacts of the construction of two dams, the Gezhouba Dam and the Three Gorges Dam, on the hydrological regime of the Yangtze River in China. Analysis of hydrological change before and after dam construction is investigated by evaluating changes in the medians and ranges of variability of 33 hydrological parameters. Results show that the hydrological impact of the Gezhouba Dam is relatively small, affecting mainly the medians and variability of low flows, the rate of rise, and the number of hydrological reversals. The closure of the Three Gorges Dam has substantially altered the downstream flow regime, affecting the seasonal distribution of flows, the variability of flows, the magnitude of minimum flows, low‐flow pulses, the rate of rise, and hydrological reversals. These changes in flow regime have greatly influenced the aquatic biodiversity and fish community structure within the Yangtze River. In particular, populations of migratory fish have been negatively impacted. The results help to identify the magnitudes of hydrological alteration associated with the construction of dams on this important large river and also provide useful information to guide strategies aimed at restoration of the river's ecosystems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observational study on obesity: Insights from middle-aged and elderly college staff in Beijing

Obesity poses a serious global public health challenge, particularly among middle-aged, and elderly college staff. This study aims to explore the associated factors of obesity by analyzing the metabolic indicators of 1756 university staff from Minzu University of China, Beijing. Venous blood samples were collected, and blood metabolic indicators were analyzed. The results indicate that middle-aged faculty members are more susceptible to obesity compared to their younger counterparts. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that BMI values increase with age (B = 0.074, P < .001), uric acid (B = 0.008, P < .001), alanine transaminase (B = 0.043, P < .001), low-density lipoprotein (B = 1.941, P < .001), triglycerides (B = 0.544, P < .001), total cholesterol (TC, B = −1.582, P < .001), and other factors, while decreasing with the increase of high-density lipoprotein (B = −1.493, P < .001). In light of these findings, it is recommended that middle-aged and elderly college staff undergo regular blood indicator checks and enhance weight management to mitigate the risk of obesity and promote their overall health.
Moracin VN, A New Tyrosinase and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor from the Woods of Artocarpus heterophyllus

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the woods extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus collected in Vietnam revealed that a new 2-arylbenzofuran, moracin VN (1) together with two known compounds were isolated. Compound 1 possessed the inhibitory activity on tyrosinase with IC50 value of 0.82 μM, more potent than the positive control kojic acid (IC50, 44.6 μM). Compound 1 also showed moderate inhibitory activity on xanthine oxidase with IC50 value of 22.8 μM. The kinetic study of tyrosinase was performed on moracin VN (1) showed non-competitive inhibition with Ki value of 2.40 μM.
Links between East Coast Lows and the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall along the eastern seaboard of Australia

East Coast Lows (ECLs) are intense low-pressure systems which occur over the subtropical east coasts of southern and northern hemisphere continents. ECLs are typically associated with gale force winds, large seas, storm surges, heavy rainfall and flooding. While ECL impacts are typically seen as negative the rainfall associated with ECLs is also very important for urban water security within the heavily populated eastern seaboard of Australia (ESA). This study investigates historical ECLs to gain insights into the timing, frequency, intensity and location of ECL occurrence as well as the magnitude and spatial extent of ECL impacts on rainfall. The different characteristics and impacts associated with different ECL sub-types are highlighted and it is proposed that this spatial and temporal variability in ECL behaviour at least partially explains why the ESA is hydroclimatically different to the rest of Australia and why different locations within the ESA have such different rainfall patterns—and therefore different levels of flood and drought risk. These insights are critical to the objectives of the New South Wales government funded Eastern Seaboard Climate Change Initiative (ESCCI), in particular Project 5 which focuses on the water security impacts of ECLs. The results of this work will be used to produce climate-informed stochastic daily rainfall simulations that are more realistic than existing stochastic rainfall simulation methods at preserving the statistics important for catchment-scale hydrology (e.g. clustering of extreme events, long-term persistence, frequency/duration/magnitude of wet and dry spells). These simulated rainfall sequences, that incorporate the spatial and temporal hydroclimatic variability caused by ECLs and other climate phenomena, are important inputs into the hydrological models used to determine current and future urban water security within the ESA.
“Trust me, do not trust anyone”: how epistemic mistrust and credulity are associated with conspiracy mentality

Previous research shows that the propensity to endorse conspiracy theories is associated with disrupted forms of epistemic trust, i.e., the appropriate openness towards interpersonally communicated information. There are associations, first, with an increased mistrust in several actors and institutions responsible for the communication of information in society, and second, with a pronounced credulity in unreliable sources and implausible phenomena (e.g., superstition, astrology). This study aims to investigate whether these phenomena are associated with specific personality-related disruptions of epistemic trust. Based on selfreported data of 417 individuals (mean = 33.28; standard deviation = 11.11) from a UK population sampled online, the potential relationships between disruptions in epistemic trust and the endorsement of a conspiracy mentality are explored. The epistemic stances characterized by mistrust and credulity (independent variables) are measured with the epistemic trust, mistrust, and credulity questionnaire (ETMCQ), and conspiracy mentality (dependent variable) is measured with the conspiracy mentality questionnaire. In a multiple linear regression model, mistrust is associated with the endorsement of a conspiracy mentality, even when accounting for other contributing factors (e.g., individual narcissism, attachment avoidance and anxiety, authoritarianism, loneliness). In a bootstrapped mediation model controlling for other relevant predictors, the association between credulity and conspiracy mentality is fully mediated by mistrust. In future research, the impact of disrupted epistemic trust on conspiracy beliefs should be investigated in terms of the specific epistemic stances of mistrust and credulity. In this respect, the ETMCQ represents a highly promising instrument to assess individual differences in factors underpinning aspects of conspiracy endorsement.
Analysis of cardiovascular risk factors for the viability of cornea donors: a case–control study

Objective The main objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of arterial hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking, alcoholism and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) on the viability of the extracted tissue as well as the donor. Design Observational case–control study. Setting Regional hospital in Northern Spain. Participants 1517 corneas were registered. Interventions Patients’ medical history was reviewed after corneal donation and evaluation. Previous medical information (age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs)) and data related to the donor (type of donor), the corneal tissue and its evaluation, and the viability of the implant were collected. Results A total of 1517 corneas were registered and 81.5% of the donors presented at least one CVRF. In relation to the viability of the donor, it was observed that having suffered from COPD reduced the viability of the donor (no COPD: 93.8% vs COPD: 88%; OR=0.49; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.84) while alcohol consumption increased it (drinker or ex-drinker: 95.8% vs non-drinker: 92.5%; OR=1.84; 95% CI: 1.01 to 3.33). Regarding tissue viability, decreased viability was observed in the presence of COPD (no COPD: 72.5% vs COPD: 64; OR=0.67; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.96) and diabetes mellitus (no diabetes: 72.9% vs diabetes: 67.2%; OR=0.76; 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.99). As regards the viability of the implant, a total of 1039 corneas (68.9%) were suitable, observing decreased viability when suffering from COPD (no COPD: 69.8% vs COPD: 60.7%; OR=0.67; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.94) and increased when having an active smoking habit (no habit: 65.3% vs habit: 74.1%; OR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.91). Conclusions Through this study, it can be concluded that in the absence of absolute exclusion criteria for donors, the assessment of how CVRF, alcoholism and COPD may affect the donor provides details about the quality of the tissue to be obtained.