Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Video Information on Delirium, Anxiety, and Nursing Satisfaction of Heart Surgery Patients

Open heart surgery patients exhibit greater prevalence of delirium and moderate or higher level of anxiety. These symptoms may hinder postoperative recovery and health, and may even lead to complications. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of preoperative video information on delirium, anxiety, and nursing satisfaction of open heart surgery patients. This quasiexperimental study utilized a nonequivalent control group with a non-synchronized design, and was conducted from March 15, 2012 to December 1, 2014. The subjects consisted of 50 patients, of whom 25 comprised the experimental group and 25 the control group. On the day prior to surgery, the experimental group was provided with informative videos while the control group was provided with information through traditional medium. Delirium was diagnosed through CAM-ICU, while anxiety levels and Nursing Satisfaction were determined through STAI and questionnaire, respectively. Data was analyzed through SPSS WIN 21.0. The results showed no statistically significant difference (p=.260) in delirium incidences, but improvements were observed in anxiety levels (p=.028) and nursing satisfaction (p=.004). Thus, this study recommends the use of video information as part of nursing intervention for open heart surgery patients so as to reduce their anxiety levels and improve nursing satisfaction.
Study of hepatic involvement in children with dengue infection

Dengue is a self-limiting acute mosquito transmitted disease caused by an arbovirus and spread by aedes mosquitoes. Dengue is one of the most important emerging viral disease of humans in the world afflicting humanity in terms of morbidity and mortality. Currently the disease is endemic in all continents except Europe. Dengue viruses cause symptomatic systemic and dynamic disease or asymptomatic seroconversion. It has a wide clinical spectrum that includes both severe and nonsevere clinical manifestations. After the incubation period, the illness begins abruptly and in patients with moderate to severe disease is followed by febrile, critical and recovery phases.
An Empirical Study of Bias in Randomized Controlled Trials and Non-randomized Studies of Surgical Interventions

Objectives: The aim of this dissertation was to examine bias in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRS) in surgery using the literature evaluating laparoscopy and conventional (i.e. open) surgery for the treatment of colon cancer as a case study. The objectives were 1) to develop a conceptual framework for bias in comparative NRS; 2) to compare effect estimates from NRS with those from RCTs at low risk of bias; 3) to explore the impact of NRS-design attributes on estimates of treatment effect. Methods: The methods included a modified framework synthesis, systematic review of the literature, random-effects meta-analyses, and frequentist and Bayesian meta-regression. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to classify trials as Strong RCTs (i.e. low risk of bias) or Typical RCTs (i.e. unclear or high risk of bias).
Using photo elicitation to understand first-year student experiences: Student metaphors of life, university and learning

The transition from school to university is challenging and a greater knowledge of the first-year student experience will enable staff to better support their students. University- and government-run student surveys fail to capture the depth and breadth of the first-year experience and so qualitative research is needed to get a more nuanced and holistic understanding of students’ lives. The study described in this article used a photo elicitation method. We asked students to choose four images that represented their first year at university. The data – the chosen photographs and the students’ explanations of their choices – were thematically analysed, focusing in particular on the diverse metaphors students used to depict three dimensions of their experiences: life, university and learning. The findings highlight the dual nature of the transition to university – learning to be a university student and learning to be an adult – as well as the challenges and stresses of that process. The lack of agency that students felt is evident. The students likened their journey to a rollercoaster and talked of not being able to keep up with the fast-moving curriculum. They depicted themselves as passive acquirers of knowledge. The findings offer new ways for staff to understand the challenges that potentially disrupt student engagement in the first year. Both students and staff could benefit from recognising the metaphors in their thinking and, potentially, seeking new metaphors that might reveal different and more positive ways of experiencing the first year in higher education.
An Efficient Lightweight Authentication Scheme With Adaptive Resilience of Asynchronization Attacks for Wireless Sensor Networks

Until now, the pseudonym ID and one-time hash chain as the key technologies solve anonymous and forward secrecy properties, respectively, in lightweight authentication protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) environment. However, both techniques have to face the limitation of asynchronization attack, which will cause the pseudonym ID and one-time hash chain value between participants to be loss of synchronization when the transmitted message is blocked. Most recently, a serial of lightweight anonymous authentication scheme with forward secrecy (LAASFS) have been built to resolve this problem. Unfortunately, they failed to handle this question satisfactorily. Besides, most of them are still vulnerable to smart card loss attack (SCLA). In this article, to address these issues and make more effective, we combine pseudonym ID, one-time hash chain and tag techniques to construct an LAASFS for WSNs environment. The proposed LAASFS can be adaptive resilience of asynchronization attacks. In addition, it is also able to resist a variety of known attacks like SCLA and wrong password login attack. Formal analyses are taken by BAN logic and ProVerif tool to demonstrate the security of properties of our LAASFS. Compared with several previous related schemes, the proposed LAASFS possesses obvious advantages in computation and communication costs.
Effects of making errors in learning a foreign language

ABSTRACT Kornell, Hays, and Bjork ([2009]. Unsuccessful retrieval attempts enhance subsequent learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35, 989–998) showed that incorrect guesses do not necessarily harm and might even improve the retention of information on a subsequent test. We sought to replicate the finding using educationally relevant stimuli. In two experiments, our participants either translated sentences in a foreign language receiving immediate feedback (errorful condition), or copied and studied the correct translation (errorless condition). After this training phase, a final test with the same sentences showed that translating sentences wrongly during training did not lower the accuracy of the errorful as compared to the errorless condition. Overall there was evidence that errorful training produced superior learning of the meaning and grammar of the foreign language sentences. The results support the idea that search processes activate a greater network of related knowledge in the errorful than in the errorless condition.
Unintended pregnancies, induced abortions and risk factors in women admitted to hospitals due to birth or abortion in Hatay

Amac: Bu calismanin amaci Hatay’da dogum ya da dusuk nedeniyle hastaneye basvuran kadinlarda istenmeyen gebelik ve isteyerek dusuk sikligini ve bunlarla iliskili risk faktorlerini belirlemektir. Yontem: Kesitsel nitelikteki calismanin evreni bir ay icinde dogum ve dusuk nedeniyle Hatay’daki hastanelere basvuran kadinlardir. Toplam 635 kadina anket uygulanmistir. Istenmeyen gebelikler bagimli degisken, kadinin ve esinin yasi, nikah durumu, egitim, toplam gebelik sayisi, calisma durumu, aile planlamasi yontemi kullanma ve danismanlik alma durumu bagimsiz degisken olarak alinmistir. Analizlerde Ki-kare ve Student-t testleri kullanilmistir. Bulgular: Kadinlarin %21.4’u gebe kaldiginda bir aile planlamasi yontemi kullandigini belirtmekle birlikte, %15.1’i bu gebeligi istemedigini bildirmistir. Istenmeyen gebeligi olan kadin ve eslerinin yaslari yuksek ve toplam gebelik sayilari daha fazladir (p<0.05). Esi calismayanlarda, dusuk egitim duzeyine sahip kadin ve eslerde, bekar ya da resmi nikahi olmayanlarda, engellilerde ve aile hekiminden aile planlamasi danismanligi almayanlarda istenmeyen gebelik daha fazladir (p<0.05). Istenmeyen gebeligi olanlarin %45.8’inin gebe kaldiginda herhangi bir aile planlamasi yontemi kullanmadigi, %20.8’inin de geri cekme yontemi kullandigi saptanmistir. Istenmeyen gebeliklerin %65.3’u canli dogumla, %25.0’i isteyerek dusukle sonuclanmistir. Tum gebeliklerin %10.4’unun kendiliginden, %4.25’inin ise isteyerek dusukle sonuclandigi bildirilmistir. Isteyerek dusuklerin birinci nedeni ekonomik zorluk olarak gosterilmistir (%44). Sonuc: Hatay’da istenmeyen gebelik sikligi yuksektir. Isteyerek dusuklerin yariya yakininin kendiliginden dusuk olarak bildirildigi tahmin edilmektedir.
Induced Breeding and Developmental Biology of Endemic Western Ghats Fish Dawkinsia filamentosa (Valenciennes, 1844) under Captive Conditions

In the present study, induced breeding of endemic barb, Dawkinsia filamentosa was carried out using three different synthetic hormones namely Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), WOVA-FH and Ovatide at different (0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 ml/Kg) doses. All synthetic hormones showed good performance at 0.7 ml/kg body weight. Comparatively WOVA-FH showed better performance with higher number of spawned eggs (1405±5.74 nos/female) and hatching rate (90±0.6%). The study concluded that WOVA-FH at 0.7 ml/kg is an ideal for induced breeding of D. filamentosa. Fertilised eggs were golden in colour with an orange tinge. Hatching took place 34- 36 hrs (26±0.50C) of post fertilization. Yolk sac remained up to 60 hrs of post hatching. Complete developmental stages of D. filamentosa from egg to adult were recorded in captive condition. The present study aids in introducing hatchery-bred seeds of valuable indigenous fish Dawkinsia filamentosa into the ornamental fish trade. Availability of hatchery seed may reduce the wild exploitation and contributes to the conservation of the natural resources.
Comparison of access tecniques in treatment of renal stones with percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Aim: A proper percutaneous renal access is the most crucial step in the procedure. This retrospective study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of monoplanar and biplanar access in PCNL operations. Material and Methods: The study included a total of 72 patients with single kidney stones larger than 20 mm in diameter, who underwent PCNL surgery between September 2016 and May 2018. The patients were divided into two groups monoplanar access (Group 1) and biplanar access group (Group 2). There were 38 and 34 patients in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Stone and urinary system characteristics, operation parameters and postoperative findings of all patients were recorded. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of mean age, sex and kidney stone size. Mean operation duration was 64.3 ± 21.7 minutes in group 1 and 61.8 ± 27.4 minutes in group 2 (p=0.494). A statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of mean fluoroscopy time, which was 3.46±1.24 minutes in group 1 and 4.45±1.57 in group 2 (p=0.008). The mean puncture time was significantly lower in group 1 (p=0.042). The stone-free rate was 78.9% and 82.3% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.87). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of complications (p=0.72). Conclusion: Both access techniques have been found to similar success and complication rates in PCNL operations. However, the fluoroscopy duration and puncture time are shorter in cases where monoplanar access is established; which may be effective in preferring this technique.
Foliage Plants Improve Concentration and Emotional Condition of Elementary School Students Performing an Intensive Assignment

This study was conducted to compare the concentration and emotional condition of elementary school students performing an intensive assignment in the presence or absence of foliage plants, using electroencephalography (EEG) and a modified semantic differential method (SDM). In a crossover experimental design, 30 elementary students performed a 3-min intensive age-appropriate arithmetic assignment in the presence or absence of foliage plants. Continuous EEG monitoring in the frontal lobe was performed using a wireless dry EEG device. Immediately thereafter, subjective evaluation of emotions was performed using the SDM. The concentration of the male elementary students was significantly higher when the assignment was performed in the presence vs. absence of plants as evidenced by the increase in the ratio of spectral edge frequency of 50 and a decrease in the relative theta power spectrum in the right frontal lobe. The SDM results revealed a significant psychological relaxation when the assignment was performed in the presence of plants. Therefore, the presence of foliage plants in the space where the elementary students performed the intensive assignment led to positive effects on concentration and emotional condition.
Gene expression profiles of M1 and M2 microglia characterized by comparative analysis of public datasets

Microglia, immunocompetent cells in the central nervous system, adopt two distinct activation phenotypes, composed of a pro‐inflammatory and neurotoxic “classical” activation (M1) phenotype by exposure to lipopolysaccharide and interferon‐γ, and an anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective “alternative” activation (M2) phenotype after treatment with interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐13. Recently, gene expression profiling using DNA microarray and high‐throughput sequencing technologies identified valid markers specific for microglia. However, we have fairly limited knowledge on comprehensive gene expression signatures of functionally polarized microglia. By comparative analysis of public datasets, we attempted to characterize the set of the genes specific for microglia polarized to M1, M2a and Mtgf, and the overlap of these marker genes in distinct activation phenotypes.
The Effect of Obesity and Overweightness on Age of Menopausal Females

Background: The annual increase in the prevalence of obesity around the world highlights the importance of comorbidities. Along with hormonal changes induced by increased body mass index (BMI), age at menopause might also affect female’s health profoundly. Thus, the present study aimed at studying the association between obesity and overweightness on age of menopause in females. Methods: In this study, patients, who were referred to the obesity clinic of Rasoule-Akram hospital, during years 2011 and 2013 were recruited and the required information were extracted from the center’s database. Inclusion criteria consisted of high BMI, no history of hysterectomy, genital tract cancer, no history of radiation to the abdomen or pelvis, and no primary amenorrhea. For analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons considering α of 0.05 for significance level were used and all data were analyzed by the SPSS version 22 software. Results: The mean age of menopause was 51.6 ± 6 years and the majority of obese females had normal menopause age (57.6%). There was no significant association between the patients BMI and age of menopause and it seems that obesity and overweightness had no effect on age of menopause (P = 0.2). Conclusions: It seems that overweightness or obesity was not associated with age of menopause, so it could not be said that females, who were overweight or obese compared to normal-weight females had earlier or later menopause.
Inner-cladding pump reflector based on chirped volume Bragg gratings

The cladding-pumping scheme has made the power scalability of rare-earth-doped fiber lasers up to record levels possible by distributing the pump absorption along much longer fiber lengths. However, in addition to increasing the fiber cost and the cavity losses, a longer cavity length leads to enhanced detrimental nonlinear effects such as stimulated Raman scattering. As a way to reduce the required length of such lasers, we propose here an all-fiber laser architecture that makes use of a femtosecond-written chirped inner-cladding Bragg grating (ICBG) as a residual pump reflector. We report a 73% reflectivity of the pump power propagating in the highly multimode 125 μm-diameter inner cladding of the fiber made out of pure silica. This component was inscribed by using 400 nm femtosecond pulses and the phase-mask technique. Such a reflectivity was reached by optimizing the chirp of the grating and by inserting the fiber inside a hollow capillary with an outside diameter of 1 mm during the inscription. The latter reduces greatly the impact of the fiber’s curvature on the refraction of the writing beam. A larger writing area and consequently a stronger reflectivity could therefore be reached. The presence of this component at the output of a 21 m long erbium-doped silica fiber laser operating at 1.6 μm increased its slope efficiency from 20.5 to 25.1 % with respect to the injected pump power and increased its output from 22.8 to 29 W at 115 W of pump power.
Four Years Along: Emerging Traits of Programs in the NATSAP Practice Research Network (PRN)

In its fourth year of active data collection, the NATSAP Practice Research Network (PRN) is showing promising outcomes for the NATSAP programs actively participating; however the overall implications of this PRN are still emerging. This study specifically looked at the changes reported by youth and their parents from admission to discharge using the Y-OQ scales. Overall, significant mean differences with large effects sizes were found at discharge, with many changes large enough to show significant clinical change according to the Y-OQ benchmarks. Additional analyses suggested that gender and depression were related to rates of change in both residential and outdoor behavioral healthcare programs. Despite these findings and similar to PRNs overall, there are several limitations to these findings including large variations in the data, limited generalizability, attrition and missing data. Only with increased support both on the research and program side can the potential of this PRN be realized.
Role of renal biopsy in evaluation of morphological spectrum and pathogenesis of lupus nephritis

Introduction: Lupus nephritis is a common complication in patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) characterized by deposition of antibodies in glomerular, vascular and tubulointerstitial compartments of the kidney. International society of Nephrology/ Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) 2003 classification plays an important role in the diagnosis and predicting prognosis in these cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes in renal biopsy and to correlate them with the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 50 renal biopsies of lupus nephritis from two tertiary care centers. Clinical data, lab findings, histopathology slides and immunofluorescence findings were retrieved and analysed by two senior pathologists. The activity and chronicity indices were calculated by each pathologist and were compared for inter observer variation. The activity index was correlated with immunofluorescence findings. Results: The mean age of patient was 29.75 years with M:F ratio of 1:9.The frequency of each class according to ISN/RPS classification was class I (0%),class II (20%),class III (2%),class IV (62%),class V (14%) and class VI (2%). All class IV cases were global and active with maximum activity indices. The mean of activity and chronicity indices of pathologist A was 8.83, 2.7 and pathologist B was 9.13, 1.9. High activity showed increased intensity (3+) of IgG and C3 staining on immunofluorescence. Conclusion: We found that activity and chronicity indices calculated on renal biopsy along with immunofluorescence findings can suggest the extent of pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. This can be useful for further management and follow up. DOI: 10.21276/APALM.1562
Effect of probiotic supplement (kidilact) on prevention of acute diarrhea in children: a double-blind randomized clinical trial

Background: Acute viral diarrhea is one of the most common diseases in children, which is associated with high risk of mortality. The present study aimed to determine the effect of Kidilact on the treatment of children with acute diarrhea. Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 84 children aged 6-60 months with diarrhea, hospitalized in pediatric ward of Amir al-Mu'minin hospital of Zabol, Iran. The patients who met the inclusion criteria were included and assigned to the control and treatment groups (42 patients in each group). Data collection instruments included clinical examination of participants in terms of gender, medication, diet, stool test, weight, average heart rate, average respiratory rate, average body temperature, and average frequency of defecation Data was analyzed with descriptive and analytical tests (chi-square, Fisher's exact test, t-test, etc.) in SPSS-21. Results: Body temperature, heart rate, and frequency of defecation significantly reduced in the intervention group after three days (p<0.05). In addition, weight gain presented an improving trend in the intervention group, but not significantly different from the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Findings indicated that the use of Kidilact may be helpful in the treatment of acute viral diarrhea in children and play a key role in early recovery, reduction of disease severity, and improvement of vital signs in these patients.
Stent Dysfunction After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt: A 14-Year Experience from a Single Tertiary Medical Center

Background: Thepredisposingfactorsleadingtotransjugularintrahepaticportosystemicshunt(TIPS)dysfunction,otherthanthe use of bare stents, which are often the only available options, have not been elucidated well to date. Objectives: To analyze clinical outcomes after TIPS created with bare stents and to assess risk factors for stent dysfunction. Patients and Methods: A total of 102 patients undergoing TIPS between January 1999 and December 2012 were retrospectively assessed. The incidence of stent dysfunction was evaluated, and associated risk factors were analyzed. Results: Symptom recurrence was observed in 51 (50%) patients, and TIPS revision was required in 37 (36%) during the mean follow-upperiodof 1889days. Themedianstentpatencyandsurvivaltimeswere470and1783days,respectively. Theonlyindependentrisk factor for stent dysfunction was portal trunk