Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cretaceous Aporrhaidae from California; Aporrhainae and Arrhoginae

Six species of aporrhaid gastropods from the California Cretaceous are described and discussed. These are: Gymnarus manubriatus (Gabb), the American representative of a genus widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific Cretaceous; Arrhoges califorincus (Gabb), here referred to the subgenus Latiala Sohl, known widely in both Eastern and Western hemispheres in Cretaceous time; and Pyktes Popenoe, new genus found in Turonian beds in the Rocky Mountains and in Turonian to Maestrichtian in California. New species of Pyktes here described are Pyktes daiphron Popenoe (Turonian); P. aspris Popenoe (Coniacian); and P. triphyllon Popenoe (Santonian), which with P. hamulus (Gabb) are considered to form a genetic sequence. --Modified journal abstract.
Immediate and Short-Term Effects of In-Shoe Heel-Lift Orthoses on Clinical and Biomechanical Outcomes in Patients With Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy

Background: Physical therapists frequently employ heel lifts as an intervention to reduce Achilles tendon pain and restore function. Purpose: To determine the short-term effect of heel lifts on clinical and gait outcomes in participants with insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT). Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Participants with IAT underwent eligibility screening and completed assessments at baseline and 2 weeks later. Primary outcomes included symptom severity (Victoria Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles [VISA-A]), gait analysis with the 10-m walk-test at 2 speeds (normal and fast), and pain during walking. Pain and gait analysis were assessed under 3 conditions: before fitting 20-mm heel lifts, immediately after heel-lift fitting, and after 2 weeks of wearing heel lifts. Ultrasound images and measurements at the Achilles insertion were obtained from prone and standing positions (with and without heel lifts). Spatiotemporal gait parameters and tibial tilt angles were evaluated at normal speed using inertia measurement units during the 3 study conditions. Differences between the conditions were analyzed using paired t test or analysis of variance. Results: Overall, 20 participants (12 female, 13 with bilateral IAT; mean age, 51 ± 9.3 years; mean body mass index 31.6 ± 6.8 kg/m2) completed all assessments. Symptom severity (VISA-A) of the more symptomatic side significantly improved at 2 weeks (60 ± 20.6) compared with baseline (52.2 ± 20.4; P < .01). Pain during gait (Numeric Pain Rating Scale) was significantly reduced immediately after heel-lift fitting (0.7 ± 2.0) when compared with baseline (2.2 ± 2.7, P = .043). Spatiotemporal gait parameters and tibial tilt angle before and after using heel lifts at normal walking speed were not significantly different; however, gait speed, stride length, and tibial tilt angle on both sides increased significantly immediately after using heel lifts and were maintained after 2 weeks of wear. Conclusion: Using heel lifts not only improved symptom severity after 2 weeks but also immediately reduced pain during gait and had a positive impact on gait pattern and speed.
Assessing Student’s Stakeholder Awareness Skills in an Introductory Engineering Design Course through Systems Thinking Scenarios

Engineering students need to be trained to deal with complex engineering problems and be capable of developing solutions that meet the needs of stakeholders at different levels, from direct users to regulation entities. Stakeholder awareness is defined as a construct concerning the ability to identify and include relevant stakeholders. A successful engineer should be able to identify various stakeholders, understand their roles, and effectively communicate with them to facilitate the identification and implementation of possible solutions. Therefore, it is important to foster the development of such skills in an introductory engineering design course. The aim of our study reported in this paper is to assess students’ level of stakeholder awareness skills and identify the area(s) of development (gaps). The results provide us with insights to develop effective teaching strategies to address these gaps. Study participants were tasked to complete a scenario-based assessment proposed by Grohs, et al. [1] that focuses on systems thinking and problem-solving as engineers by responding to a scenario that addressed technical and social contexts. The activity focuses on participants’ responses to a given scenario and the prompts intended to guide respondents in a systems-thinking approach. Data were collected electronically and analyzed using qualitative coding methods by applying the assessment tool rubric to evaluate student responses using systems thinking constructs from the framework. We rated stakeholder awareness according to the rubric which rates a respondent’s ability to identify stakeholders across the group categories and the nature of engagement with the stakeholder. The results show that most of the participants (approx. 90%) scored high identifying more than one group of stakeholders. However, a lower percentage (35%) of participants talked about collaborative interaction with the different stakeholders and had trouble describing the process of planning a response to the problem. This study is contributing to laying out the foundation of our overarching project in which we are seeking to develop teaching content that focuses on systems thinking skills by providing a solid understanding of the current systems thinking skill baseline level among university engineering students. Results from this study will also inform the systems thinking community and enrich the literature on human-centered design that discusses how engineering students understand and navigate design problems in complex systems in a design course.
Furanosesquiterpenoids from Lindera pulcherrima (Nees.) Benth. ex Hook. f

The essential oil of the leaves of Lindera pulcherrima (Nees.) Benth. ex Hook. f. was examined by GC, GC/MS and NMR spectroscopy. Furanosesquiterpenoids [furanodienone (46.6%) and curzerenone (17.6%)] were the major constituents of the oil, along with furanodiene (1.8%) and curzerene (1.2%). Other constituents in significant amount were spathulenol (4.5%), β-selinene (2.0%), germacrene B (1.9%), curcuphenol (1.9%) and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (1.8%). The composition of the oil differs from that of other Lindera species with respect to the conspicuous absence of monoterpenoids and other furan derivatives reported so far.
Arguments (Ostracodes) pour une régression culminant à proximité de la limite Frasnien-Famennien, à Sinsin, bord sud du bassin de Dinant, Belgique

Les auteurs rapportent la decouverte d'une abondante faune d'Ostracodes particulierement bien conservee dans la base du Famennien de la coupe de Sinsin. L'association tres peu diversifiee ― cinq especes constituent 98% de la faune ostracodique ― indique un environnement peu profond. La faible profondeur est confirmee par la presence d'exuvies d'Ostracodes imbriquees. Cet agencement, favorise par la monospecificite, s'observe dans la nature actuelle en bordure de lacs ou de sebkhas. Cinq nouvelles especes iront decrites: Glezeria minuta n. sp. , Ovatoquasillites alveolata n. sp. , Knoxiella famennensis n. sp. , Healdianella? tenuistriata n. sp. et Cryptophyllus sinsinensis n. sp
YouTube as a source of information about rubber dam: quality and content analysis

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the content, quality and demographics of YouTube videos about rubber dam as an information source for clinicians and dental students. Materials and Methods “Rubber dam,” “rubber dam application,” “dental isolation,” “rubber dam isolation,” and “dental dam” were determined as keywords for the detection of YouTube videos related to rubber dam. Seventy 3 videos were evaluated and a total of 34 videos met the inclusion criteria. All selected videos were evaluated according to 8 parameters. The videos were scored 1 if the videos contained information about the selected parameter, but if the videos did not contain enough information, they were scored 0. The data were statistically analyzed with the analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results We found that 41% of the videos have poor, 47% have moderate, and 12% have good information. There is a statistically significant difference in time between poor and good information content (p < 0.05). There is a statistically significant difference between the poor and good information in the video information and quality index 1. Conclusions Rubber dam-related videos available on YouTube are generally moderately informed and insufficient. YouTube is currently not sufficient as a source of information for patients and clinicians at the moment. The YouTube platform should be developed and enriched with quality information on current and dental issues.
Diversity of Woody Plant Species of Gamuwa and Oda Forests of Humbo Carbon Project, Wolaita, Ethiopia: For Conservation and Management of Forests

This study was conducted in the Community Managed Forests of Gamuwa and Oda of Carbon Project of Humbo, Wolaita, Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to explore diversity of woody species for conservation and management of the forests. A total of 64 (20 m × 20 m) quadrats were sampled to gather data of species cover abundance, altitude, aspect, and slope. Vegetation clustering was performed from cover abundance using XLSTAT version 2015.2. 03 software package. Similarity coefficient was computed using number of species that existed in each community and had been common to them. Diversity indices were computed from number of individuals of each species using Multivariate Variate Statistical Package (MVSP) version 3.1. The General Linear Model (GLM) analysis confirmed the presence of significant difference ( value = 0.001) of species distribution, altitude, and slope among the quadrates of the three community types. However, except aspect in community 3 ( value = 0.005) slope, aspect, land cover, and altitude insignificantly affected the distribution of species in communities. Therefore, a priori management and conservation should be given for families with only one species, community with high dominance ( ), and the area with less land cover.
An evaluation of land reform implementation in post-genocide Rwanda : the case of the southern province

III LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . V CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Orientation . 1 1.2 Problem statement . 7 1.3 Research questions . 10 1.4 Study objectives . 11 1.5 Central theoretical framework . 12 1.6 Statements (hypoteses) . 14 1.7 Methodology . 15 1.7. 1 Research design . 15 1.7. 2 Literature review . 17 1.7. 3 The survey . 18 1.7. 4 Interviews . 19 1.7. 5 Focus-group discussion . 20 1.7. 6 Observation technique . 20 1.7. 7 Sampling . 21 1.8 Data analysis. 24 1.9 Limitations and delimitations . 25 1.10 Ethical considerations . 25 x 1.11 Significance of the study . 26 1.12 Chapter layout . 28 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK . 29 2.1 Understanding the key concepts . 29 2.1.1 Land Reform . 29 2.1.1.1 Origin, objectives and approaches of land reform . 31 2.1.1.2 Linking land reform to equity and poverty reduction . 34 2.1.1.3 The privatisation approach in land reform . 37 2.1.1.4 The role of the state in land reform processes . 38 2.1.2 Land registration . 39 2.1.3 Land consolidation . 43 2.2 Theories on land reform . 48 2.2.1 The neoliberal approach to land reform . 53 2.2.2 Agrarian populism or populist approach of land reform . 55 2.2.3 The Benefits theory . 58 2.2. 4 Exchange theory approach . 60 2.3 Conclusion . 61 CHAPTER 3: EXPERIENCES OF LAND REFORM IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE. 64 3.1 Experiences of land registration and land consolidation in Europe . 65 3.2 Land registration and land consolidation in Oceania: Experience of Papua New Guinea . 71 3.3 Experience of Latin American countries . 78
Examining First-Year Student Success and Attitudes During Challenging Times

In recent years, educational institutions have experienced unprecedented challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, including changes in course delivery and the pandemic’s impact on the preparedness and mental health of incoming students. The consequences of the pandemic were further exacerbated for at-risk populations, including first-generation college students, underrepresented minority (URM) students, and women as the gender minority. Our team has previously reported on the impact of pre-matriculation credits, supplemental instruction (SI), and the transition to college on academic success in a first-year chemistry course for engineering students, with a focus on gendered differences. In this present study, we have expanded our scope to understand more broadly how, for students starting their engineering studies in 2021, their core identity (gender and race/ethnicity), background (first-generation status and pre-matriculation credits), preconceptions and attitudes, and use of SI correlate with their first-semester grades and their outlook towards their overall studies. To address this goal, we administered surveys at the start and end of the Fall 2021 semester to first-year engineering students at Northeastern University and received a response rate of 65% (485 students, consisting of 191 female-identifying, 292 male-identifying, and 2 non-binary students). Survey responses were paired with corresponding institutional data for grades and SI use. We found that women had higher grade-thresholds for seeking SI and reported more factors negatively impacting their learning at the start and end of the semester, as well as more pessimistic outlooks towards their general studies compared to men. These differences were observed despite the fact that both genders entered their first-year with a similar number of pre-matriculation credits and received comparable grades. We also found that the overall number of pre-matriculation credits did not impact the number of learning concerns students reported. First-generation and URM students enrolled with fewer pre-matriculation credits, reported a greater number of learning concerns, and received lower first-semester grades than their peers. For female first-generation college students and female URM students, the intersectionality of underrepresented identities resulted in greater adverse outcomes, including more negative outlooks and lower grades, which may have long-term consequences for their retention
Hereditary spherocytosis in a young female in Eastern Nepal: a case report

Introduction and importance: Hereditary spherocytosis (HS), a rare familial extravascular haemolytic disorder, typically follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with variable expressivity. Despite its classical presentation of anaemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly, HS is infrequently reported among individuals of Asian descent, contributing to its under diagnosis or delayed diagnosis. The primary objective of this case report is to underscore the pivotal role of the osmotic fragility test in diagnosing HS, emphasizing the importance of accurate and timely identification for effective clinical management and improved patient outcomes. Case presentation: The patient, without known prior co-morbidities, presented with recurrent abdominal distension, early satiety, and easy fatigability persisting for 6 years. Physical examination revealed icterus, gnathopathy, left hypochondrium tenderness, and palpable splenomegaly. The osmotic fragility of red cells was significantly elevated. The patient underwent optimization before splenectomy, receiving immunization against encapsulated bacteria. Packed red blood cell transfusions were administered to achieve optimal haemoglobin levels. Follow-up showed symptom relief, significantly improving the patient’s quality of life. Clinical discussion: This case underscores the challenges of delayed HS diagnosis, with the patient enduring symptoms for years before seeking appropriate medical attention. Overlooking the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of an osmotic fragility test prolonged the diagnostic journey, emphasizing the impact on overall well-being. Conclusion: HS remains underdiagnosed, especially in our regions. The osmotic fragility test emerges as an economical diagnostic tool in resource-limited settings, particularly when spherocytosis is absent in the peripheral blood smears. Its inclusion in diagnostic protocols can expedite accurate HS identification and enhance patient outcomes.
Systematic Review of Preoperative Prognostic Biomarkers in Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma

Simple Summary Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) is an uncommon biliary tree malignancy with overall poor prognosis. Surgery is the main curative treatment; however, it carries high perioperative morbidity and mortality, with a 20–50% 5-year overall survival rate. Established prognostic factors like regional lymphatic involvement are available postoperatively; thus, invasive surgery may produce minimal oncological benefits. This systematic review aimed to summarise preoperative serum or tumour-based prognostic biomarkers in pCCA patients receiving curative intent surgery. Serum CA19-9, bilirubin, albumin, CEA, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were most frequently associated with prognosis. Tumour matrix metalloproteinase-9 and several other molecular biomarkers were promising prognostic indicators; however, validation across multiple studies with preoperative biopsy specimens is required before their routine use. Molecular biomarkers have provided valuable insights regarding tumour biology and prognosis, thus improving staging and treatment planning in various cancers. Identification of prognostic biomarkers in pCCA may similarly improve our understanding of pCCA, potentially improving therapy and patient outcomes. Abstract Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) is an uncommon malignancy with generally poor prognosis. Surgery is the primary curative treatment; however, the perioperative mortality and morbidity rates are high, with a low 5-year survival rate. Use of preoperative prognostic biomarkers to predict survival outcomes after surgery for pCCA are not well-established currently. This systematic review aimed to identify and summarise preoperative biomarkers associated with survival in pCCA, thereby potentially improving treatment decision-making. The Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases were searched, and a systematic review was performed using the PRISMA guidelines. English-language studies examining the association between serum and/or tissue-derived biomarkers in pCCA and overall and/or disease-free survival were included. Our systematic review identified 64 biomarkers across 48 relevant studies. Raised serum CA19-9, bilirubin, CEA, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and tumour MMP9, and low serum albumin were most associated with poorer survival; however, the cutoff values used widely varied. Several promising molecular markers with prognostic significance were also identified, including tumour HMGA2, MUC5AC/6, IDH1, PIWIL2, and DNA index. In conclusion, several biomarkers have been identified in serum and tumour specimens that prognosticate overall and disease-free survival after pCCA resection. These, however, require external validation in large cohort studies and/or in preoperatively obtained specimens, especially tissue biopsy, to recommend their use.
Slip preference analysis of faulting driven by strike-slip Andersonian stress regimes: an alternative explanation of the Rhodope metamorphic core complex (northern Greece)

Slip preference analysis (SPA) is accomplished by examining fault activation driven by different Andersonian strike-slip stress regimes. Strike-slip regimes favour the activation of strike-slip faults striking as high as 45° from the trend of the σ1 axis, thus favouring the predominance of R shears over P shears in a strike-slip shear zone. Reverse and normal faults cannot be activated simultaneously by a common strike-slip stress regime, and their activations depend on the stress ratio. The SPA provides new constraints on stress inversion methods that take into account only the misfit angle minimization criteria. Insights from the SPA give rise to an alternative explanation of the origin of the Tertiary Rhodope metamorphic core complex exposed in the inner part of the Hellenic orogen, which attributes the activation of the associated extensional shear zones and detachments to an Andersonian, transpression–strike-slip (TRP–SS) to strike-slip (SS) stress regime, and not to an extensional one as widely assumed. The variation from TRP–SS to SS is critical for the activation of the extensional structures and is attributed to the local and at-depth increase of the vertical crustal stresses owing to the ascent and emplacement of large plutonic bodies.
Supporting of biodiversity in Sahelian arid areas: Case of artificial lakes and macroinvertebrates

Protecting biodiversity is one of the challenges for achieving sustainable development. This protection requires a good knowledge of species richness and their habitats. It is why this study was conducted. It aimed to assess the diversity of macroinvertebrates in five artificial waterbodies, in order to determine their role in conserving biodiversity. To do so, macroinvertebrates were collected following multi-habitat sampling method using a standard AQEM/STAR net sampler, 25 cm × 25 cm, 500 µm mesh. The samples were fixed with alcohol (90%) and transported to the laboratory. Once in the laboratory, the organisms were carefully sorted and identified under a binocular microscope using an identification keys. The results showed that artificial ecosystems host a high diversity of macroinvertebrates. A total of 1633 macroinvertebrate specimens were collected, divided into 32 families, 9 orders, 5 classes and 3 phyla. Arthropods were the most abundant and diverse. The highest diversity (22 taxa) was reported in Talanga and Naguio reservoirs, followed by reservoirs of Ziga and Kozougou with 21 taxa, and Naguio had the lowest diversity (18 taxa). In these reservoirs, 72% of constant taxa and 28% of rare taxa were recorded. Artificials waterbodies are the main storage waters in Burkina Faso, and contribute significantly to the conservation of biodiversity, and supporting local population activities and development. Their suitable management is therefore essential for the preservation of rural socio-economic development and biodiversity conservation.