Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Neural Correlates of Product Attachment to Cosmetics: Is It Similar to That of Attachment in Human Relationships?

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the similarities in the attachment toward individual's favorite cosmetics and beloved person, both of which are reinforced by touch-driven behaviors. We conducted 2 (visual and visual with tactile) × 2 (preferred and non-preferred cosmetics) experiments. Thereafter, we set regions of interest as per previous studies of human relationship attachment and tested their significance. The hippocampus, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), putamen, periaqueductal gray (PAG), dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), and ventral tegmental area were activated in the visual with tactile session, but not in the visual session, revealing that common brain regions are activated in human relationship attachment and attachment to cosmetics, and that tactile cue is important for attachment to cosmetics. Moreover, the PAG showed an interactive effect between tactile cue and preference, and the DRN positively correlated with "security" feeling associated with attachment. Activity in these regions was positively correlated with activity of the PCC and primary somatosensory cortex. This suggests that tactile discriminative cues induce the individual's autobiographical memories of using the cosmetics daily, and the DRN and PAG are activated in association with these memories. These serotonergic and oxytocinergic activities may be critical for the maintenance of attachment to cosmetics.
Perceived Helicopter parenting and its relation with decision making styles and academic performance in the context of Indian adolescents

Introduction: Helicopter parenting (HP) refers to a distinct type of perceived parenting. It is developmentally inappropriate levels of parent involvement and control in their children’s lives, which is often observable through their advice, direction, and help with problem. They even make decisions for their children and personally invest in their children’s goals. Today’s adolescents are expected to make decisions pertaining to their health related behaviour and career related choices. Decision making refers to the capability of developing reliable level of competence to foresee the consequences of alternatives. It is the fourth phase of cognitive development which is normally reached during adolescence, and is synonymous with abstract thinking, logical reasoning and problem-solving skills. Helicopter parenting has been shown to have negative outcomes in emerging adults but so far it has not been investigated in adolescents in India. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, correlational designed study to assess the relationship of Helicopter Parenting with Decision Making styles of Adolescents and their academic performance. Secondary objectives were to ascertain the effect of adolescents’ variables on decision making styles and Helicopter parenting scores. A sample size of 425 adolescents was taken. Results: The mean HP scores were higher than the western scores. HP showed a significant correlation with Maladaptive decision making styles, with HP being a good predictor for maladaptive decision making in adolescents, (R=.077, F(1,423)= 35.086, p=. 000. There was no significant correlation with ADMQ Adaptive type but showed a good linear model with self-esteem subscale. There was no statistical significant effect of adolescent’s age on HPS. There was a significant negative correlation of HP scores with above average academic performance (0.115, p=0.017) and with total scores (0.106, p=0.029). Academic performance was a good negative predictor for HP (R=0.011, F (1,424)= 4.800, p=0.029). Conclusions: Indian adolescents score high on HP scale. However Indian adolescents prefer not to strongly agree on HPS items and rather remain more non-decisive with mean score of 3.559. We also found that higher HPS score predicts maladaptive decision making style and negatively predicts self-esteem subscale of adaptive decision making styles. Implications: We need to educate the parents about the detrimental effects of helicopter parenting in order to have more self reliant adolescents.
ON RIEMANN SOLUTIONS TO WEAKLY HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS: PART 1. MODELLING SUBCRITICAL FLOWS IN ARTERIES

The Riemann solutions to a reduced 3 × 3 mathematical model governing blood flow in medium to large size vessels with discontinuous material properties are constructed in a uniform manner for the case of subcritical initial data. A tube law involving discontinuous mechanical properties is used to close the system. Consequently, the task of constructing the Riemann solutions becomes very complicated and challenging. Two combined wave curves in the state space named L–M and R–M curves are defined in order to deal with resonance or weak hyperbolicity of the governing system. The classification of the L–M and R–M curves depends on the existence and monotonicity of two basic composite wave curves, which are analyzed in complete detail. All possible wave configurations with classical and resonant waves are studied in detail. Moreover, the cases of vessel collapse are also included, even though for the case of arteries, under physiological conditions, this is only of academic value. The resulting Riemann solution comprehensively explains the effects of rapid and discontinuous change of material properties on the velocity of blood flows and the cross sectional area of blood vessels. In the future, the Riemann-problem solutions obtained here could be of use for constructing useful numerical schemes for solving the initial-boundary value problem for complex vessel networks.
Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning: Factors Affecting Students’ Participation and Interaction in a Knowledge Building Environment

This study seeks to explore the key factors and barriers that impact the learners' participation and interaction and in the Knowledge Forum environment. Moreover, this study was performed in one of the public universities in Malaysia. A quantitative and qualitative research approach through a questionnaire and interview were used. A total of 28 participants were surveyed using the questionnaire. A 40-items questionnaire was developed based on a review of previous literature. Descriptive statistics were adopted for data collection analysis. Thus, the results indicated the most important factors that affected learners’ participation in Knowledge Forum: (a) classmates’ behaviors, (b) discussions needs, (c) learners’ characteristics, (d) restriction on the ongoing discussion, (e) deficiency of ideas, (f) ideas’ level (g) knowledge building level, (h) issues of technical, (i) limited time and (j) misunderstanding. Consequently, the results can enable higher education institutions to take the required steps to encourage successful activities of knowledge-building in computer-assisted learning. Many recommendations have been suggested to improve learners’ engagement and interaction in the knowledge forums environments.
Population Stratification in the Gut Microbiota of Bali is Associated with Transitional Lifestyle

Clarissa Asha Febinia Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6918-8529 Safarina G. Malik Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology Ratna Djuwita Universitas Indonesia I Wayan Weta Universitas Udayana Fakultas Kedokteran Desak Made Wihandani Universitas Udayana Fakultas Kedokteran Rizka Maulida Universitas Indonesia Herawati Sudoyo Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology Andrew J. Holmes (  andrew.holmes@sydney.edu.au ) University of Sydney https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7406-4387
An Inexact-Feasible Quantum Interior Point Method for Second-order Cone Optimization

We present an inexact-feasible quantum interior point method for second-order conic optimization problems. Our analysis establishes the polynomial convergence for a short-step primal-dual algorithms based on the Monteiro-Zhang (MZ) family of directions. These results combine recent progress in quantum linear system solvers and on the block-encoding technique with a classical optimization tool known as iterative reﬁnement. In the presence of quantum-accessible storage (also known as QRAM), we are able to obtain speedups in terms of the size of the problem, at the price of a linear dependence on the condition number
Site Visit Frequency Policies for Mobile Family Planning Services

Improving access to family planning services is key to achieving many of the United Nations sustainable development goals. To scale up access in remote areas and urban slums, many developing countries deploy mobile family planning teams that visit “outreach sites” several times per year. Visit frequencies have a signiﬁcant eﬀect on the total number of clients served and hence the impact of the outreach program. Using a large dataset of visits in Madagascar, Uganda and Zimbabwe, our study models the relationship between the number of clients seen during a visit and the time since the last visit and uses this model to analyse the characteristics of optimal frequencies. We use the latter to develop simple frequency policies for practical use, prove bounds on the worst-case optimality gap, and test the impact of the policies with a simulation model. Our main ﬁnding is that despite the complexity of the frequency optimisation problem, simple policies yield near-optimal results. This holds even when few data are available and when the relationship between client volume and the time since the last visit is misspeciﬁed or substantially biased. The simulation for Uganda shows a potential increase in client numbers of between 7% and 10%, which corresponds to more than 12,000 additional families to whom family planning services could be provided. Our results can assist policymakers in determining when to start data-driven frequency determination and which policies to implement.
Determinants of the Financial Constraint and Its Effects on the SME Growth in Central Asia?

This study investigates the firm- and country-specific factors that affect SMEs’ access to finance and the relationship between financial constraint and firm growth in emerging economies of Central Asia. To address the research questions, a two-stage empirical analysis including ordered probit, probit, and feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) specifications were conducted. Firm-level data used in the analysis is obtained from the fifth round of the Business Environment and Enterprise Survey (BEEPS V) and country-level data acquired from national and international datasets. The study's findings implied that in the Central Asian economies, country-specific factors are more likely to affect access to external finance of SMEs than firm-specific determinants. Among firm-specific factors, only foreign ownership is significantly related to financing constraint perception of SMEs; where, the interest rate is positively, and domestic credit market, inflation, and log of GDP per capita are negatively related to financing constraint level. In Central Asia, an insignificant relationship between growth and financing constraints was found. The determinants of financing constraints and access to finance–growth relations, which address the issue of great significance for SME growth in the selected countries, were interpreted with region-specific factors.
Effectiveness of Nutrition Education in Improving Maternal Knowledge and Attitudes towards Complementary Feeding Practices: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Ondo State, Nigeria

Significant low knowledge and poor attitudes on complementary feeding undermine the practices. This study was a cluster randomized controlled trial in which 284 study participants were assigned into two groups. One intervention group and a control group in a ratio of 1:1. Nutrition education on complementary feeding was carried out among the caregivers in the intervention group but the caregivers in the control group were not educated. To determine complementary feeding knowledge and attitudes, data was collected from caregiver at baseline, midline and at endline using researcher-administered questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. From the analysis, there was a significant difference in complementary feeding knowledge of the caregivers after the intervention. The baseline difference was -0.06, the midline difference was 3.85 the endline difference was 4.00 and the DID of the baseline and endline was 4.06 which was significant at p=0.001. There was a significant difference in the attitude of the caregivers towards complementary feeding at baseline (-0.14), midline (2.09), endline (3.82) and the DID of baseline and endline was 3.96 which was significant at p=0.001. The intervention improved the caregivers’ knowledge on complementary feeding and it improved the attitudes of the caregivers towards adequate complementary feeding.
Effect of natural almond gum as a binder in the formulation of diclofenac sodium tablets.

The present study was undertaken to find out the potential of gum from Almond gum to act as a binder and release retardant in tablet formulations. No significant work has been reported to use it as a tablet binder. The effect of almond gum and pvp on the release of diclofenac sodium was studied. The FT-IR spectroscopic studies of drug, gum and mixture indicated no chemical interaction. Seven formulations were prepared by wet granulation method containing Microcrystalline cellulose as diluents, diclofenac sodium as model drug using 2%,4%,6%,8% and 10% w/v of almond gum solution and 2%,4% w/v of pvp gum solution. This was carried out to find out the difference between synthetic and natural gum and whether synthetic gum can be replaced by natural gums. Physical and technological studies of granules and tablets like flow rate, carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, angle of repose, friability and disintegration time were determined and found to be satisfactory. The drug release increased with almond gum when compared to synthetic gum concentration of 2% and 4%. The values of release exponent were found to be less than 0.5. This implies that the release mechanism is non-fickian diffusion. Tablet at 2% w/v binder concentration showed optimum results as tablet binder. The Almond gum was found to be useful for the preparation of uncoated tablet dosage form. Further this work can be extended to investigate on novel sustained release formulations.
The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Cross-Cultural Psychological Capital on Turnover Intentions in Hotel Industry

The study of transformational leadership encompassed many contexts and disciplines and is believed to be the most valuable hotel industry. The impact of perceived transformational leadership and cross-cultural psychological capital on the frontline employee's quit intentions in the Sabahhotel industry was examined in this study. Data were obtained from 162 frontline workers using a purposive sampling method. The relationships in question were tested using "Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling" (PLS-SEM). The findings demonstrated the positive effect of transformational leadership on cross-cultural psychological capital while having a negative impact on turnover intention. Conversely, however, it appears that crosscultural psychological capital does not influence turnover intention level. Focused on the theory of Job Demands-Resources and Conservation of Resources, this study adds to the hospitality literature by offering a new theoretical model representing employees' perception of transformational leadership and cross-cultural psychological capital that affects frontline employees' turnover intention. These results have implications for leadership and turnover theory and retention practice, especially in the hotel industry.
The Impact of Analysts’ Forecasts on Loan Terms: Past Behavior and Implications for the Pandemic

Building on prior research documenting an association between analyst forecasts and non-price loan characteristics, we predict and find that the precision of the private information in analysts’ earnings forecasts is associated with price characteristics of private debt contracts and that this association varies in predictable ways. Specifically, we predict and find that the association between analysts’ forecast prediction and interest rates is only statistically significant when formal loan terms do not require collateral, when information asymmetry may be at its strongest. Furthermore, we find statistical significance that indicates that during periods of heightened uncertainty, such as during the financial crisis, analysts’ forecast precision is no longer associated with loan spreads, suggesting that lenders may include different inputs in their information set for decision-making during periods of high uncertainty, and may choose to be more selective in these periods. We conjecture that our findings may in turn be applicable during the current period of heightened uncertainty caused by the Coronavirus Pandemic of 2020. Overall, our empirical results build on our understanding of the impact of analysts’ earnings forecasts on private lenders’ loan contracts, and we provide further evidence that banks consider information provided by analysts when designing loan contracts for borrowers.
Climatological sensitivities of shallow-cumulus bulk entrainment in continental and oceanic locations

Cumulus entrainment is a complex process that has long challenged conceptual understanding and atmospheric prediction. To investigate this process observationally, two retrievals are used to generate multi-year climatologies of shallow-cumulus bulk entrainment (n) at two Atmospheric Radiation Measurement cloud observatories, one in the US southern Great Plains (SGP) and the other in the Azores archipelago in the eastern North Atlantic (ENA). The statistical distributions of n thus obtained, as well as certain environmental and cloud-related sensitivities of n , are consistent with previous findings from large-eddy simulations. The retrieved n robustly increases with cloudlayer relative humidity and decreases in wider clouds and cloud ensembles with larger cloud-base mass fluxes. While n also correlates negatively with measures of cloud-layer vigor (e.g., maximum in-cloud vertical velocity and cloud depth), the extent to which these metrics actually regulate n (or vice-versa) is unclear. Novel sensitivities of n include a robust decrease of n with increasing subcloud wind speed in oceanic flows, as well as a decrease of n with increasing cloud-base mass flux in individual cumuli. A strong land–ocean contrast in n is also found, with median values of 0.5-0.6 km−1 at the continental SGP site and and 1.0-1.1 km−1 at the oceanic ENA site. This trend is associated with drier and deeper cloud layers, along with larger cloud-base mass fluxes, at SGP, all of which favor reduced n . The flow-dependence of retrieved n implies that its various sensitivities should be accounted for in cumulus parameterization schemes. 2 Accepted for publication in Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. DOI10.1175/JAS-D-20-0377.1. Brought to you by BATTELLE PACIFIC NW LAB | Unauthenticated | Downloaded 06/01/21 12:34 PM UTC
University of Birmingham On the transient planar contact problem in the presence of dry friction and slip

This article models a plane strain dynamic contact problem for an inﬁnite elastic body. Contact is established for x > 0 under the action of a time-dependent remote compressive load, and the system is subjected to a time-dependent remote tangential load. The two faces of the contact interface can slide relative to one other to accommodate mismatches between the shear stresses and the existing Coulomb friction. This is shown to be a cause of interfacial waves of slip, which this article models by deriving the general expression for the corrective traction due to an arbitrary slip distribution. This is achieved using a variant of the Wiener-Hopf technique. Combined with existing closed-form expressions for the interfacial tractions due to compressive and shear loads, this enables the formulation of the elastodynamic extension to the stick-and-slip problem of the Cattaneo-Mindlin type. Exploiting self-similarity a simple numerical algorithm is detailed for solving the resulting Volterra integral equations of the ﬁrst kind. The solution is shown to display a number of features entirely missed in static problems: slip waves are shown to exist irrespective of the magnitude of the applied loads and the friction coeﬃcient; a regime of reverse and forward slip is also shown to exist for low friction coeﬃcients, brought about by the interfacial Rayleigh waves. The practical implications of these solutions are discussed.
Basic School Teachers‟ Conceptions of Assessment in the Sissala East Municipality

This study employed a sequential explanatory mixedmethod design to examine basic school teachers’ classroom assessment conceptions in the Sissala East Municipality in the Upper West Region of Ghana. In particular, the study examined the types of classroom assessment conceptions of teachers and their demographic characteristics that influence their assessment conceptions. Quantitative data gathered from 203 respondents were analyzed using mean, standard deviations and Pearson product-moment correlation. In the follow-up qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 12 participants and the data subjected to interpretive thematic analysis. The findings revealed that the participants demonstrated positive conceptions of assessment as a means for ensuring student and school accountability as well as improving teaching and learning, with assessment for student accountability yielding the highest mean value. Also, the findings revealed that the relationships among student accountability, school accountability and improvement were moderate and that these levels have a positive effect on one another. It was recommended, among other issues, that teachers need to note that assessment is acceptable if motivated by a particular reason, whether it is for improvement, student accountability, or school accountability.
SOCIAL CLIMBING AND AMOROSO DISTRIBUTION GIACOMO DIMARCO AND GIUSEPPE TOSCANI

We introduce a class of one-dimensional linear kinetic equations of Boltzmann and Fokker–Planck type, describing the dynamics of individuals of a multi-agent society questing for high status in the social hierarchy. At the Boltzmann level, the microscopic variation of the status of agents around a universal desired target, is built up introducing as main criterion for the change of status a suitable value function in the spirit of the prospect theory of Kahneman and Twersky. In the asymptotics of grazing interactions, the solution density of the Boltzmann type kinetic equation is shown to converge towards the solution of a Fokker–Planck type equation with variable coefficients of diffusion and drift, characterized by the mathematical properties of the value function. The steady states of the statistical distribution of the social status predicted by the Fokker–Planck equations belong to the class of Amoroso distributions with Pareto tails, which correspond to the emergence of a social elite. The details of the microscopic kinetic interaction allow to clarify the meaning of the various parameters characterizing the resulting equilibrium. Numerical results then show that the steady state of the underlying kinetic equation is close to Amoroso distribution even in an intermediate regime in which interactions are not grazing.