Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Diversity of Native Entomopathogenic Nematodes, and Their Bacterial Endosymbionts, Isolated from Banana and Plantain Crops in Western Colombia

With the increasing negative impacts of food production worldwide caused by pests, the recovery of native entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) is relevant, since they are adapted to local environments, entomofauna, and significant virulence. Therefore, the present study was designed to recover and understand the phylogenetic diversity of EPNs and their associated bacterial endosymbionts, from banana and plantain crops, as alternatives for the control of weevil species. An extensive sampling of western Colombia covered 325 ha, yielding the recovery of three EPNs’ isolates (0.49% of the samples). The molecular characterization included four mitochondrial and nuclear loci, which, after merging with the sequences of 48 species, confirmed the presence of Steinernema carpocapsae, the first report of S. costaricense in South America, and monophyly in most of the Steinernema clades. The tree topologies were consistent for the nuclear loci but not for mitochondrial, probably due to the high nucleotide substitution rate, deficit in the number of species available for these loci, and incomplete lineage sorting. The endosymbiotic bacteria associated with S. carpocapsae were identified as Xenorhabdus nematophila. However, the S. costaricense bacterial symbiont presented a genetic similarity to X. koppenhoeferi and X. khoisanae, which are still uncertain in their classification. The identification of S. costaricense in South America indicates the wide range distribution of this species in the Americas and its ability to persist in different soil types. For the first time, EPN isolation and phylogenetic characterization are directed to plantain and banana crops. Leveraging EPNs’ diversity promises novel applications for crop protection, while the genetic resources from the bacterial endosymbionts may provide metabolites with a wide spectrum of uses, either for agricultural or medicinal purposes.
Human frequency response functions of harmonic 2, 4, 8 and 16 cycle angular frequency filters

We measured narrow-band human frequency response functions for four harmonic angular frequency filters whose test frequencies were centered at either 2, 4, 8 or 16 cycles using a supra-threshold summation method. The four filter response functions of 17 experimental conditions (each) were measured eight to nine times among five observers (NAS, MMM, ERB, MC and TPL). The results show that, for the arbitrarily selected filter phases, maximum summation effect occurred at test frequency for filters centered at 2 and 4 cycles. For both 8 and 16 cycles test frequencies, maximum summation occurred at the lower harmonics. While at 8 cycles, for F/sub 8/(/spl theta/), a relative strong summation effect was observed, at 16 cycles, for F/sub 16/(/spl theta/), almost maximum inhibition occurred. These results allow us to conclude that there are narrow-hand angular frequency filters operating in human visual system either through summation or inhibition of specific frequency ranges. Furthermore, as a general result, it appears that addition of higher angular frequencies to low ones disturbs lower angular frequency perception (i.e. 2 and 4 cycles) whereas addition of lower harmonics to higher ones seems to improve detection of higher angular frequency harmonics (i.e. 8 and 16 cycles).
A spectral theory for circular seismic sources; simple estimates of source dimension, dynamic stress drop, and radiated seismic energy

abstract The far-field body wave radiation from a class of circular rupture models is investigated as a function of takeoff angle, rupture velocity, and stopping behavior. In particular, the variation of spectral shape, pulse shape, and energy flux over the focal sphere is quantified. These results provide two new methods for estimating the source dimension, the first through the inversion of a characteristic frequency, and the second using the rise time of the displacement pulse shape. The class of kinematic rupture models which has been constructed also allows a direct estimate of the dynamic stress drop using the velocity pulse shape: as an example, this technique is applied to an SMA1 recording of a high stress drop Aleutian earthquake, Finally, the introduction of a new spectral parameter, the integral of the square of the ground velocity, is shown to considerably simplify calculation of the total radiated energy. Together with a re-evaluation of corner frequency and spectral falloff, these new results constitute a spectral theory for circular seismic sources which includes directivity and is valid for a range of subsonic rupture velocities.
Information Production and Translation of Legalese: The Media’s Role in Impounding Price Information from Case Filings

We examine the importance of media coverage around litigation filings. Prior studies assume investors use filings to acquire value-relevant information and assess case merits. However, it is unclear how investors can quickly impound information given frictions to timely obtain filings and interpret complex legalese. In contrast, specialized media members have the expertise and ability to obtain filings and report on their content. We isolate the media’s information production and translation roles by examining market reactions (1) after filings but before complaints become widely publicly available through the PACER system and (2) based on whether the media reports on the sued firm on the filing date. We find a significant market reaction—using absolute abnormal returns and trading volume—to litigation with media coverage, including before filings are readily available to investors, and minimal reaction to litigation without media coverage. We also find an immediate reaction to the initial litigationrelated article for firms using intraday stock prices. Our results appear driven by the media reducing investor integration costs by translating filings into more understandable information, rather than simply awareness or acquisition costs. Finally, abnormal media coverage around filings predicts case outcomes, which is important because litigation costs are mainly restricted to meritorious cases. Overall, results show the media plays a critical role in creating information about litigation to impound case information into stock prices.
Performance and Reliability Co-Design of HV devices in Vertically Stacked Nanosheet Technology

In this work, for the first time, Drain-Extended vertically stacked Nanosheet-based HV device has been studied in the context of System-On-Chip (SoC) integration. Physical insights into the device performance and ESD reliability are elaborated using 3D TCAD process simulations. Finally, the performance and reliability co-design guidelines related to HV devices in Nanosheets technology have been discussed comprehensively.
Towards developing comparable optical and SAR remote sensing inundation mapping with hydrodynamic modelling

ABSTRACT Inundation mapping is an essential part of environmental monitoring, flood disaster management and risk mitigation. There are many earth observation sensors that can provide spatial information about inundation extent at different times. However, these extents need to be comparable to provide an accurate and consistent estimate of a flood’s progression. Monitoring inundation extent around the peak of a flood event is important because it captures the hazardous period during a large flood event, and it identifies connections between off-stream waterholes and flood waters for environmental monitoring. This paper presents results from a study comparing near-coincident flood inundation maps derived from optical (Landsat, MODIS, Sentinel-2 and VIIRS) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) (Sentinel-1 and NovaSAR-1) remote sensing imagery. We also compare all inundation maps derived from remote sensing data with near-coincident hydrodynamic (HD) modelling. The study was conducted for the Fitzroy floodplain in Western Australia, a large, complex and remotely located river basin. The results show that optical remote sensing data have average F1 scores ranging from 0.57 to 0.65 when compared to the HD model results, with Landsat and MODIS performing best. Sentinel-1 and NovaSAR-1 SAR have a poor agreement (average F1 score of 0.31 and 0.35 respectively) when compared to the HD model results, particularly within scattered vegetation adjacent to the river channel, with better results in open water on the floodplain and in the river. If comparisons are made only during the peak flood stage, the F1 scores improve for the optical data (0.61 up to 0.8). Comparisons of the remote sensing inundation maps show that the optical data are suitable for interchangeable mapping during large flood events.
Recommended direct simulation Monte Carlo collision model parameters for modeling ionized air transport processes

A systematic approach for calibrating the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) collision model parameters to achieve consistency in the transport processes is presented. The DSMC collision cross section model parameters are calibrated for high temperature atmospheric conditions by matching the collision integrals from DSMC against ab initio based collision integrals that are currently employed in the Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm (LAURA) and Data Parallel Line Relaxation (DPLR) high temperature computational fluid dynamics solvers. The DSMC parameter values are computed for the widely used Variable Hard Sphere (VHS) and the Variable Soft Sphere (VSS) models using the collision-specific pairing approach. The recommended best-fit VHS/VSS parameter values are provided over a temperature range of 1000-20 000 K for a thirteen-species ionized air mixture. Use of the VSS model is necessary to achieve consistency in transport processes of ionized gases. The agreement of the VSS model trans.
Quality Assessment of OpenStreetMap’s Points of Interest with Large-Scale Real Data

OpenStreetMap (OSM) data are geographical data that are easy and open to access and therefore used for a large set of applications including travel demand modeling. However, often there is a limited awareness about the shortcomings of volunteered geographic information data, such as OSM. One important issue for the application in travel demand modeling is the completeness of OSM elements, particularly points of interest (POI), since it directly influences the predictions of trip distributions. This might cause unreliable model sensitivities and end up in wrong predictions leading to expensive misinterpretations of the effects of policy measures. Because of a lack of large-scale real-world data, a detailed assessment of the quality of POI from OSM has not been done yet. Therefore, in this work, we assess the quality of POI from OSM for use within travel demand models using surveyed real-world data from 49 areas in Germany. We perform a descriptive and a model-based analysis using spatial, demographic, and intrinsic indicators for two common trip purpose categories used in travel demand modeling. We show that the completeness of POI data in OSM depends on the category of POI. We further show that intrinsic indicators and indicators calculated based on data from other sources (e.g., land use or census data) are able to detect quality deficiencies of OSM data.
(H,Ω)CONJUGATE FUNCTION THEORY

In the nonlinear convex proglamming,convex conjugate function,theory plays an import-ant role in developing its duality principle.This paper extends the concept of convex conjugatefunction,and develops a generalized conjugate function theory——(H,Ω) conjugate functiontheory.This theory provides a methodological basis for studying the duality principle of gen-eral nonlinear nonconvex programming,and mnkes it possible for convex duality to developinto nonconvex duality.
Measuring Earth's Energy Imbalance via Radiation Pressure Accelerations Experienced in Orbit: Initial Simulations for “Space Balls”

The direct measurement of Earth's radiative Energy Imbalance (EEI) from space is a challenge for state-of-the-art radiometric observing systems. Current spaceborne radiometers measure the individual shortwave (Solar incoming and Earth reflected solar radiation) and longwave (Earth emitted thermal radiation) components of Earth's energy balance with unprecedented stability, but with calibration errors that are too large to determine the absolute magnitude of global mean EEI or net radiative flux, respectively, as the components' residual. Best estimates of multi-year (2005–2020) EEI are derived from temporal changes in planetary heat content, predominantly ocean heat content, and amount to ~0.9 Wm−2. To monitor EEI directly from space, we propose an independent approach based on accelerometry that measures non-gravitational radial accelerations induced by radiation pressure. To provide requirements for a near-spherical “Space Balls” spacecraft and mission design, we develop a simulation environment using JPL's Mission Analysis, Operations, and Navigation Toolkit Environment (MONTE) software libraries and present-day radiative fluxes from the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES). At its current initial stage, the toolset allows us to simulate accelerations acting on a spherical spacecraft due to solar radiation pressure, Earth's reflected shortwave (albedo) and emitted longwave radiation, as well as due to aerodynamic force. Induced accelerations as well as their sensitivity to mean orbit altitude and spacecraft absorptivity agree well with back-of the-envelope calculations and previous simulations that assess the role of radiation pressure accelerations for orbital drift. Future investigations will expand the MONTE-based simulation environment with additional shape and confounding force models. Preliminary simulations with an integrated spacecraft dynamics model suggest that the main confounding accelerations for a non-perfect, faceted sphere are related to Yarkovsky, aerodynamic force and relativistic effects, which will have to be mitigated to facilitate a high-accuracy EEI measurement from space.
Juvenile Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: Current Concepts Review and an Update on the Literature

Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) are lesions that occur before the physis closes and are frequently associated with acute ankle trauma. These lesions are often difficult to diagnose due to swelling and inflammation that are present after the initial injury. A growing body of literature has assessed the effects of OLTs in the adult population. However, the literature examining these lesions in the juvenile population is sparse. The purpose of this review is to provide a thorough understanding of OLTs, with a specific focus on the juvenile population. We evaluate the recent literature regarding the outcomes of various surgical treatment; modalities in the pediatric patient. While the outcomes after surgical treatment of pediatric OLTs are generally favorable, the paucity of investigation in this demographic is alarming. Further research is needed to better inform practitioners and families regarding these outcomes, as treatment plans are highly dependent on the individual patient in question.
Perifocal Zone of Brain Gliomas: Application of Diffusion Kurtosis and Perfusion MRI Values for Tumor Invasion Border Determination

Simple Summary Preoperative determination of glioma invasion borders remains crucial for neuroradiology. Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is one of the promising tools as it reflects complex tissue microstructure. Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) perfusion is a reliable method to distinguish the most malignant tumor part. In 50 high-grade glioma patients, we demonstrated significant differences between the DKI values in peritumoral white matter (normal-appearing on conventional MRI) and unaffected contralateral hemisphere white matter, which may indicate possible infiltration of normal-appearing peritumoral white matter by glioma cells. The study demonstrated the presence of tumor cells within the edema zone in all gliomas. Tumor cells and tumor stem-like cells were detected in some samples of normal-appearing white matter surrounding glioblastomas. DKI and cerebral flow values showed correlations with quantitative neuropathological markers (proliferative or antiapoptotic activity) in gliomas. Thus, DKI can shed light on tumor-associated brain matter changes and is potentially capable of predicting morphological tumor properties. Abstract (1) Purpose: To determine the borders of malignant gliomas with diffusion kurtosis and perfusion MRI biomarkers. (2) Methods: In 50 high-grade glioma patients, diffusion kurtosis and pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) cerebral blood flow (CBF) values were determined in contrast-enhancing area, in perifocal infiltrative edema zone, in the normal-appearing peritumoral white matter of the affected cerebral hemisphere, and in the unaffected contralateral hemisphere. Neuronavigation-guided biopsy was performed from all affected hemisphere regions. (3) Results: We showed significant differences between the DKI values in normal-appearing peritumoral white matter and unaffected contralateral hemisphere white matter. We also established significant (p < 0.05) correlations of DKI with Ki-67 labeling index and Bcl-2 expression activity in highly perfused enhancing tumor core and in perifocal infiltrative edema zone. CBF correlated with Ki-67 LI in highly perfused enhancing tumor core. One hundred percent of perifocal infiltrative edema tissue samples contained tumor cells. All glioblastoma samples expressed CD133. In the glioblastoma group, several normal-appearing white matter specimens were infiltrated by tumor cells and expressed CD133. (4) Conclusions: DKI parameters reveal changes in brain microstructure invisible on conventional MRI, e.g., possible infiltration of normal-appearing peritumoral white matter by glioma cells. Our results may be useful for plotting individual tumor invasion maps for brain glioma surgery or radiotherapy planning.
Correlation and Path Analysis for Growth Traits in F1 Population of Pearl Oyster Pinctada martensii

120 pearl oysters (Pinctada martensii) were randomly sampled from F1 population, and shell length, shell width, shell height, shell weight and total weight of each sample were measured. Correlation and path analysis were conducted on the basis of measurement data. The results showed that shell length, shell width, shell height, shell weight and total weight were significantly correlated (P＜0.05). Total weight was significantly and positively correlated with shell weight (r=0.8970), shell height (r=0.6974), shell width (r=0.6521) and shell length (r=0.5486). Shell weight, shell height, shell width and shell length had positive and direct effects on total wet weight, with the values of 0.6356, 0.1872, 0.1814 and 0.0599, respectively. The results indicated that growth traits (shell length, shell width, shell height, shell weight and total wet weigh) of the F1 population could be improved by direct or indirect selection.
Mixed Rossby–Gravity Waves Triggered by Lateral Forcing

Abstract The mechanisms associated with the excitation of mixed Rossby-gravity waves (MRGWs) in the upper troposphere are studied using wind and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data from 1979 to 1991. The largest anomalies in meridional wind associated with MRGWs at 200 mb generally appear in the Northern Hemisphere summer–fall periods and they are pronounced in the central/eastern Pacific where equatorial westerlies form. The OLR field in the intertropical convergence zone shows a spectral peak with time and space scales similar to those of MRGWs at 200 mb. However, tropical convective activity does not show a clear contrast between years of strong and weak 200-mb MRGW activity. During the Northern Hemisphere summer, weak easterlies or westerlies often form over the equatorial central/eastern Pacific allowing disturbances to propagate from the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes into the deep Tropics. Some of these disturbances that possess spatial and temporal scales similar to those of the observed MRGW.
A Controlled-Release Nanofertilizer Improves Tomato Growth and Minimizes Nitrogen Consumption

Minimizing the consumption of agrochemicals, particularly nitrogen, is the ultimate goal for achieving sustainable agricultural production with low cost and high economic and environmental returns. The use of biopolymers instead of petroleum-based synthetic polymers for CRFs can significantly improve the sustainability of crop production since biopolymers are biodegradable and not harmful to soil quality. Lignin is one of the most abundant biopolymers that naturally exist.In this study, controlled-release fertilizers were developed using a biobased nanocomposite of lignin and bentonite clay mineral as a coating material for urea to increase nitrogen use efficiency. Five types of controlled-release urea (CRU) were prepared using two ratios of modified bentonite as well as techniques. The efficiency of the five controlled-release nano-urea (CRU) fertilizers in improving the growth of tomato plants was studied under field conditions. The CRU was applied to the tomato plants at three N levels representing 100, 50, and 25% of the recommended dose of conventional urea. The results showed that all CRU treatments at the three N levels significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, including plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight, compared to the control. Additionally, most CRU fertilizers increased total yield and fruit characteristics (weight, length, and diameter) compared to the control. Additionally, marketable yield was improved by CRU fertilizers. Fruit firmness and acidity of CRU treatments at 25 and 50% N levels were much higher than both the 100% CRU treatment and the control. The vitamin C values of all CRU treatments were lower than the control. Nitrogen uptake efficiencies (NUpE) of CRU treatments were 47–88%, which is significantly higher than that of the control (33%). In conclusion, all CRU treatments at an N level of 25% of the recommended dose showed better plant growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomatoes than the conventional fertilizer.
NUMERICAL TREATMENT OF CYLINDRICAL COORDINATE

The present work proposes direct numerical simulations of some rotating disk flows using a pseudo-spectral method with collocation Chebyshev polynomials in the radial and axial directions and Fourier approximation in the periodic azimuthal direction. When using cylindrical coordinates to calculate the Navier-Stokes equations the singularity that appears on the axis (r = 0), because of the terms 1/r n (n = 1,2) is only apparent. To avoid evaluating differential equation coefficients which areinfinite the spectral grid must exclude the origin. The interesting issue is how does one impose boundary conditions at the origin? With spectral methods, there are various ways to avoid this difficulty without prescribing any pole conditions. In this work, we have developed a method which consists in discretiz- ing the whole diameter −R ≤ r ≤ R with an even number of radial Gauss-Lobatto nodes. In the azimuthal direction, the overlap in the discretization is avoided by introducing a shift equal to �/2K (K the number of mesh points in that direction) for � > � in the Fourier transform. Spectral convergence of the method is illustrated on an analytical solution. The ability of our numerical method to investigate complex unsteady flows is illustrated for three rotating flows where other reliable experimental and numerical results are available.