Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Measurement of the Brighter-fatter Effect in an H2RG Infrared Detector

The “brighter-fatter” (BF) effect is a phenomenon—originally discovered in charge coupled devices—in which the size of the detector point-spread function (PSF) increases with brightness. We present, for the first time, laboratory measurements demonstrating the existence of the effect in a Hawaii-2RG HgCdTe near-infrared (NIR) detector. We use JPL’s Precision Projector Laboratory, a facility for emulating astronomical observations with UV/VIS/NIR detectors, to project about 17,000 point sources onto the detector to stimulate the effect. After calibrating the detector for nonlinearity with flat-fields, we find evidence that charge is nonlinearly shifted from bright pixels to neighboring pixels during exposures of point sources, consistent with the existence of a BF-type effect. NASAs Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) will use similar detectors to measure weak gravitational lensing from the shapes of hundreds of million of galaxies in the NIR. The WFIRST PSF size must be calibrated to ≈0.1% to avoid biased inferences of dark matter and dark energy parameters; therefore further study and calibration of the BF effect in realistic images will be crucial.
How COVID-19 is Revamping Journalism: Newsroom Practices and Innovations in a Crisis Context

ABSTRACT Worldwide audiences became interested in COVID-19-related news, as the health emergency generated a sharp increase in information consumption. Drawing on the literature of crisis innovation, this study aims to understand the transformations that have taken place in the Spanish journalistic industry and the innovations implemented during the pandemic. The research questions are: How has COVID-19 fostered innovation in work organisation in the Spanish newsrooms? What other innovations were launched by the Spanish media during the pandemic? The methodology is based on semi-structured interviews conducted with a purposive sample of 20 media practitioners and 20 experts on journalism innovation (academics and journalists) in Spain. Results show that newsroom practices have evolved through telework, collaboration and other factors, and that digital transformation was accelerated in legacy media. In many outlets, the science section was increasingly relevant, working in a coordinated way with the areas of data visualisation and design to produce relevant content. Also, fact-checkers played an important role in fighting misinformation. The pandemic has speeded up some ongoing innovations in news production, newsroom organisation, distribution, and commercialisation in a significant way. Thus, COVID-19 understood as a crisis situation has had an impact on news products and it has affected journalistic culture.
Supersymmetric SO(10)-inspired leptogenesis and a new N 2 -dominated scenario

We study the supersymmetric extension of SO(10)-inspired thermal leptogenesis showing the constraints on neutrino parameters and on the reheat temperature TRH that derive from the condition of successful leptogenesis from next-to-lightest right handed (RH) neutrinos (N2) decays and the more stringent ones when independence of the initial conditions (strong thermal leptogenesis) is superimposed. In the latter case, the increase of the lightest right-handed neutrino (N1) decay parameters helps the wash-out of a pre-existing asymmetry and constraints relax compared to the non-supersymmetric case. We find significant changes especially in the case of large tan β values (gsim 15). In particular, for normal ordering, the atmospheric mixing angle can now be also maximal. The lightest left-handed neutrino mass is still constrained within the range 10 lesssim m1/meV lesssim 30 (corresponding to 75lesssim Σi mi/meV lesssim 120). Inverted ordering is still disfavoured, but an allowed region satisfying strong thermal leptogenesis opens up at large tan β values. We also study in detail the lower bound on TRH finding TRH gsim 1 × 1010 GeV independently of the initial N2 abundance. Finally, we propose a new N2-dominated scenario where the N1 mass is lower than the sphaleron freeze-out temperature. In this case there is no N1 wash-out and we find TRH gsim 1× 109 GeV . These results indicate that SO(10)-inspired thermal leptogenesis can be made compatible with the upper bound from the gravitino problem, an important result in light of the role often played by supersymmetry in the quest of a realistic model of fermion masses.
Perturbed angular distributions with LaBr 3 detectors: The g factor of the first 10 + state in 110 Cd reexamined

This research was supported in part by the Australian Research Council Grants No. DP120101417, No. DP130104176, No. DP140102986, No. DP140103317, No. DP170101673, No. LE150100064, and No. FT100100991, and by The Australian National University Major Equipment Committee Grant No. 15MEC14.
Why Zipf's Law: A Symmetry-Based Explanation

First explanation. In many real-life cases, the corresponding phenomenon do not have a preferred value of the quantity x. As a result, the corresponding equations does not change if we simply change the measuring unit. It is reasonable to require that the formulas describing the corresponding probability distribution should also not change. How can we describe this requirement in precise terms? If we replace the measuring unit by a λ time smaller one, then all numerical values of a quantity x are multiplied by λ: x → x′ = λ · x (e.g., 2 m becomes 200 cm). Similarly, the probability density – number of events per unit of x – becomes λ times smaller when this unit decreases by a factor of λ: ρ′(x′) = ρ′(λ · x) = ρ(x) λ . If we require that the formula remains the same in both units,
EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST AMENDMENT AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Diamante max)

A 3 x 3 factorial pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different kinds of vermicompost on soil chemical properties of an acid soiland to evaluatetheir influence on the growth and yield of tomato var. Diamante max.There were nine treatment combinations from three types of amendments: (A 1 =Urea, A 2 =Vermicompost 1, A 3 =Vermicompost 2) and three levels of nitrogen: (B 1 = 0 kg ha -1, B 2 = 45 kg ha -1 , B 3 = 90 kg ha -1 ) which were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.The results of the study showed that addition of two different kinds of vermicompost at a rate of 45 and 90 kg ha -1 significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the chemical properties acid soil such as soil organic matter, total N, extractable P, exchangeable K and Mg compared to soils in untreated pots. However, the addition of two types of vermicompostresulted in the decrease on soil pH. Growth and yield of tomato were also significantly increased with application of vermicompostsat rates of 45 and 90 kg ha -1 . In addition, application of 45 and 90 kg ha -1 urea also increased some of the chemical properties of acid soil andthe growth and yield of tomato. The result of the experiment revealed that addition of vermicomposts had positive effects on the soil chemical properties and on the growth and yield of tomato.
Distribution of refractory and volatile elements in CoRoT exoplanet host stars

The relative distribution of abundances of refractory, intermediate, and volatile elements in stars with planets can be an important tool for investigating the internal migration of a giant planet. This migration can lead to the accretion of planetesimals and the selective enrichment of the star with these elements. We report on a spectroscopic determination of the atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances of the parent stars in transiting planets CoRoT-2b and CoRoT-4b. Adding data for CoRoT-3 and CoRoT-5 from the literature, we find a flat distribution of the relative abundances as a function of their condensation temperatures. For CoRoT-2, the relatively high lithium abundance and intensity of its Li i resonance line permit us to propose an age of 120 Myr, making this star one of the youngest stars with planets to date. We introduce a new methodology to investigate a relation between the abundances of these stars and the internal migration of their planets. By simulating the internal migration of a planet in a disk formed only by planetesimals, we are able, for the first time, to separate the stellar fractions of refractory, intermediate, and volatile rich planetesimals accreting onto the central star. Intermediate and volatile element fractions enriching the star are similar and much larger than those of pure refractory ones. This result is opposite to what has been considered in the literature for the accreting self-enrichment processes of stars with planets. We also show that these results are highly dependent on the model adopted for the disk distribution regions in terms of refractory, intermediate, and also volatile elements and other parameters considered. We note however, that this self-enrichment mechanism is only efficient during the first 20–30 Myr or later in the lifetime of the disk when the surface convection layers of the central star for the first time attain its minimum size configuration.
Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework

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Tornado Correlation Analysis on the Arithmetic Performance of 36-48 Month-Old Malaysian TASKA Children

Due to how fast life moves these days, most parents forget to keep an eye on their children’s development and math skills as early as 4 years old. The role of child care is very important to enhance quality assurance practices among staff for the development of future leaders. The main objective of this study is to determine the strength of the relationships between each element and arithmetic proficiency among Malaysian TASKA children. This study is significant to identify the primary factors that influence children’s math skills. A questionnaire was utilized to collect data. From 376 TASKAs registered in Malaysia, only 103 of the 458 selected centers provide care and instruction for children aged 36 to 48 months. Between the ages of 36 and 46 months, language, communication, and early reading skills account for the majority of a child’s mathematical ability. Therefore, an effective training module should be built on these characteristics. The upcoming study will compare all unregistered TASKA facilities to the facilities that have been registered throughout Malaysia.
Loot box gambling and economic preferences: a survey analysis of Japanese adolescents and young adults

ABSTRACT With the increasing use of social-network games, game addiction has become a serious challenge to the world. This study investigates the effects of risk preference, loss aversion, and time preference on the behaviour of Japanese adolescents and young adults purchasing ‘Gacha’, or loot box gambling, in social-network games. We surveyed 1,210 respondents, aged 12 to 23 years; approximately 34% of the respondents had purchased ‘Gacha’. We found that loss-averse and risk-averse female respondents had less experience paying for ‘Gacha’, with their highest billing amount charged per month being lower than that of other female respondents. Furthermore, future-oriented female respondents had less payment experience than present-oriented ones, with the highest billing amount charged per month for the former respondents being also lower. The highest billing amount charged per month of loss-averse male respondents was significantly lower than that of other male respondents.
A versatile lattice Boltzmann model for immiscible ternary fluid flows

We propose a lattice Boltzmann color-gradient model for immiscible ternary fluid flows, which is applicable to the fluids with a full range of interfacial tensions, especially in near-critical and critical states. An interfacial force for N-phase systems is derived based on the previously developed perturbation operator and is then introduced into the model using a body force scheme, which helps reduce spurious velocities. A generalized recoloring algorithm is applied to produce phase segregation and ensure immiscibility of three different fluids, where a novel form of segregation parameters is proposed by considering the existence of Neumann's triangle and the effect of equilibrium contact angle in three-phase junction. The proposed model is first validated with three typical examples, namely the interface capturing for two separate static droplets, the Young-Laplace test for a compound droplet, and the spreading of a droplet between two stratified fluids. This model is then used to study the structure and stability of double droplets in a static matrix. Consistent with the theoretical stability diagram, seven possible equilibrium morphologies are successfully reproduced by adjusting two ratios of the interfacial tensions. By simulating Janus droplets in various geometric configurations, the model is shown to be accurate when three interfacial tensions satisfy a Neumann's triangle. In addition, we also simulate the near-critical and critical states of double droplets where the outcomes are very sensitive to the model accuracy. Our results show that the present model is advantageous to three-phase flow simulations, and allows for accurate simulation of near-critical and critical states.
3He-rich Solar Energetic Particles in Helical Jets on the Sun

Particle acceleration in stellar flares is ubiquitous in the universe; however, our Sun is the only astrophysical object where energetic particles and their source flares can both be observed. The acceleration mechanism in solar flares, tremendously enhancing (up to a factor of 10,000) rare elements like 3He and ultra-heavy nuclei, has been puzzling for almost 50 years. Here we present some of the most intense 3He- and Fe-rich solar energetic particle events ever reported. The events were accompanied by nonrelativistic electron events and type-III radio bursts. The corresponding high-resolution, extreme-ultraviolet imaging observations have revealed for the first time a helical structure in the source flare with a jet-like shape. The helical jets originated in relatively small, compact active regions, located at the coronal-hole boundary. A mini-filament at the base of the jet appears to trigger these events. The events were observed with the two Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatories on the backside of the Sun, during the period of increased solar activity in 2014. The helical jets may be a distinct feature of these intense events that is related to the production of high 3He and Fe enrichments.
Ultra-compact structure in intermediate-luminosity radio quasars: building a sample of standard cosmological rulers and improving the dark energy constraints up to z ~ 3

Context. Ultra-compact structure in radio sources (especially in quasars that can be observed up to very high redshifts), with milliarcsecond angular sizes measured by very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI), is becoming an important astrophysical tool for probing both cosmology and the physical properties of AGN. Aims. We present a newly compiled data set of 120 milliarcsec. compact radio sources representing intermediate-luminosity quasars covering the redshift range 0.46 z Methods. For a cosmological ruler with intrinsic length l m , the angular size–redshift relation can be written as θ (z) = l m / D A ( z , where θ ( z ) is the angular size at redshift z , and D A ( z ) is the corresponding angular diameter distance. We use a compilation of angular size and redshift data for ultra-compact radio sources from a well-known VLBI survey, and implement a new cosmology-independent technique to calibrate the linear size of this standard ruler, which is also used to test different cosmological models with and without the flat universe assumption. Results. We determine the linear size of this standard ruler as l m = 11.03 ± 0.25 pc, which is the typical radius at which AGN jets become opaque at the observed frequency ν ~ 2 GHz. Our measurement of this linear size is also consistent with the previous and recent radio observations at other different frequencies. In the framework of flat ΛCDM model, we find a high value of the matter density parameter, Ω m = 0.322 +0.244 -0.141 , and a low value of the Hubble constant, H 0 = 67.6 +7.8 -7.4 km s -1 Mpc -1 , which is in excellent agreement with the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy measurements by Planck . We obtain Ω m = 0.309 +0.215 -0.151 , w = -0.970 +0.500 -1.730 at 68.3% CL for the constant w of a dynamical dark-energy model, which demonstrates no significant deviation from the concordance ΛCDM model. Consistent fitting results are also obtained for other cosmological models explaining the cosmic acceleration, like Ricci dark energy (RDE) or the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) brane-world scenario. While no significant change in w with redshift is detected, there is still considerable room for evolution in w and the transition redshift at which w departing from −1 is located at z ~ 2.0. Our results demonstrate that the method extensively investigated in our work on observational radio quasar data can be used to effectively derive cosmological information. Finally, we find the combination of high-redshift quasars and low-redshift clusters may provide an important source of angular diameter distances, considering the redshift coverage of these two astrophysical probes.
New pulsating variable stars in the Stock 14 open cluster and surrounding fields

This paper presents the preliminary results of a multicolour photometric study of the young open cluster Stock 14 and adjacent fields. The reddening, distance and age of the cluster were determined from colour-colour and colour-magnitude diagrams by means of isochrone fitting. Fourier analysis of the acquired time-series data was performed, which resulted in the discovery of new pulsating variable stars and candidates for such objects.
CHANDRA VIEW OF PULSAR WIND NEBULA TORI

The results from a systematic study of 11 pulsar wind nebulae with a torus structure observed with the Chandra X-ray Observatory are presented. A significant observational correlation is found between the radius of the tori, r, and the spin-down luminosity of the pulsars, . A logarithmic linear fit between the two parameters yields log r = (0.57 ± 0.22) log 22.3 ± 8.0 with a correlation coefficient of 0.82, where the units of r and are pc and ergs s−1, respectively. The value obtained for the dependency of r is consistent with a square-root law, which is theoretically expected. This is the first observational evidence of this dependency, and provides a useful tool to estimate the spin-down energies of pulsars without direct detections of pulsation. Applications of this dependency to some other samples are also shown.
The Grothendieck group of finitely generated modules

Throughout this paper R will be a commutative Noetherian ring with unit and module will mean an object of 9TC = 3E(P), the category of all finitely generated modules over R. We shall denote by KiR) the Euler-Grothendieck group of 3TC [6, p. 101 ]. The purpose of this note is to study this group from the point of view of standard ideal theory in R. The first result is an ideal theoretic characterization of KiR). The second, independent of the first, is related to "Grothendieck's Theorem" concerning stability of KiR) under polynomial extensions of R, [l], [2]. By a filtration fj of a module EE 9H we mean a finite chain of submodules of E. A prime-filtration SF is one whose factors Ei+i/Ei are copies of R/p for various prime ideals p, that is, every Ei+i/Ei is cyclic with prime annihilator. It is well known [3] that every module has a prime-filtration. Let 5 be a prime-filtration, p a fixed prime ideal. We denote by wp(SF) the number of times that a factor isomorphic to R/p is associated with SF. Let CiR) denote the free abelian group generated by the distinct prime ideals p of R, that is the group of all cycles of R [7]. The generators will be denoted (p). Consider sums of the following form:
Do satellite galaxies trace matter in galaxy clusters

The spatial distribution of satellite galaxies encodes rich information of the structure and assembly history of galaxy clusters. In this paper, we select a red-sequence Matched-filter Probabilistic Percolation cluster sample in SDSS Stripe 82 region with 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.33, 20 0.7. Using the high-quality weak lensing data from CS82 Survey, we constrain the mass profile of this sample. Then we compare directly the mass density profile with the satellite number density profile. We find that the total mass and number density profiles have the same shape, both well fitted by an NFW profile. The scale radii agree with each other within a 1σ error ( rs,gal=0.34+0.04−0.03 Mpc versus rs=0.37+0.15−0.10 Mpc).
ON THE IMPLICATIONS OF LATE INTERNAL DISSIPATION FOR SHALLOW-DECAY AFTERGLOW EMISSION AND ASSOCIATED HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAY SIGNALS

The origin of the shallow-decay emission during early X-ray afterglows has been an open issue since the launch of the Swift satellite. One of the appealing models is the late internal dissipation model, where X-ray emission during the shallow-decay phase is attributed to internal dissipation, analogous to the prompt gamma-ray emission. We discuss possible scenarios of the late prompt emission, such as late internal shocks, magnetic reconnection, and photospheric dissipation. We also consider the consequences of late dissipation and a two-component (early and late) jet model for the high-energy (GeV–TeV) emission. We study not only synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission from the early and late jets but also external inverse-Compton (EIC) emission, which is naturally predicted in the late dissipation model. For the latter, we perform numerical calculations taking into account the equal-arrival-time surface of EIC photons and show that the EIC component typically has a peak at ∼1–100 GeV which may dominate over the SSC components. We demonstrate that very high energy gamma rays from both these components are detectable for nearby and/or energetic gamma-ray bursts, with current and future Cherenkov detectors such as MAGIC, VERITAS, CTA, and HAWC, and possibly Fermi. Although the expected event rate would not be large, detections should be useful as a test of the model. Multi-wavelength observations using both the ground-based telescopes and the Swift and/or Fermi satellites are also important to constrain the models.
Three-body scattering hypervolumes of particles with short-range interactions

The low-energy scattering of three bosons or distinguishable particles with short-range interactions is characterized by a fundamental parameter, the three-body scattering hypervolume. Its imaginary part is directly related to the three-body recombination rate in a quantum gas consisting of such particles. We derive an analytical formula of it for weak interactions, and perform its first numerical calculations for bosons with a variable nonzero-range potential. For attractive interactions, we identify several three-body resonances at which the three-body scattering hypervolume becomes divergent or anomalously large.