Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variability of characteristic components of aronia.

Snebergrova J., Cižkova H. , Neradova E. , Kapci B. , Rajchl A. , Voldřich† M. (2014): Variability of characteristic components of aronia. Czech J. Food Sci., 32: 25–30. The variability of characteristic components of aronia (Aronia melanocarpa, black chokeberry) and to evaluate the chemical composition and quality of aronia products in order to complete the already available data and to facilitate authentication of fruit products were estimated. The mean values obtained for the set of aronia fruits were: soluble solids 19.9 °Brix, titratable acidity 9.8 g malic acid/kg, formol number 11.9 ml 0.1M NaOH/100 g, ash 6.7 g/kg, phosphorus 0.34 g/kg, potassium 2.90 g/kg, calcium 0.27 g/kg, magnesium 0.16 g/kg, sucrose 0.10 g/kg, glucose 47.1 g/kg, fructose 37.8 g/kg, sorbitol 66.1 g/kg, malic acid 9.6 g/kg, citric acid 1.0 g/kg, quinic acid 5.0 g/kg, isocitric acid 0.02 g/kg. These values can potentially be a useful tool to determine aronia content in foodstuffs or to determine adulteration of other fruit-based products with aronia. The most promising markers appeared to be the content of sorbitol, quinic acid and characteristic profile of anthocyanins measured by HPLC.
Responses of different wheat genotypes against aphid (Schizaphis graminum R.) and its natural enemies

In the present study, incidence of aphid and its natural enemies was observed among different wheat genotypes. The genotype Mairaj-81 possessed maximum aphid population (6.83/tiller) and was proved the most susceptible as compared to others. The peak population of the aphid was observed on 18 March, 2014 (20.03/tiller) while population of aphid was observed minimum on 08 April, 2014 (0.01/tiller). Coccinellids and Chrysoperla carnea population was observed maximum (0.08/tiller, 0.44/tiller) respectively on MILLAT-11. Maximum population of Syrphid fly was observed on Mairaj 2008 (0.11/sweep).
Pengaruh Mekanisme Tata Kelola Perusahaan, StrukturKepemilikan, Dan Auditor Eksternal TerhadapPengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial PerusahaanDengan Manajemen Laba Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi

Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh manajemen laba pada mekanisme tata kelola perusahaan, struktur kepemilikan, dan auditor eksternal terhadap pengungkapan laporan tanggung jawab perusahaan. Populasi penelitian adalah perusahaan non finansial yang terdaftar dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2013-2016. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan teknik judgement sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah PLS (Partial Least Square) dengan bantuan software WarpPLS 5.0. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kepemilikan asing dan kepemilikan institusional yang semakin tinggi akan menaikan pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan. Namun, mekanisme tata kelola perusahaan dan auditor eksternal tidak memengaruhi pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan. Hasil penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa mekanisme tata kelola perusahaan, struktur kepemilikan, dan keberadaan KAP Big Four tidak berperan sebagai biaya agensi yang efektif karena tidak dapat mencegah atau mengurangi praktik manajemen laba di perusahaan.
Salicylic acid and its role in defence against plasmodiophora brassicae

Salicylic acid is a crucial plant hormone involved defence responses against biotrophic pathogens. This thesis aimed to induce a defence response against the soil-borne biotroph, Plasmodiophora brassicae, by application of salicylic acid. Using broccoli and Arabidopsis thaliana pathway mutants I have shown that salicylic acid is essential in this interaction.
Peripheral and Central Mechanisms of Temporal Pattern Recognition

2 Introduction . 3 Electric signals in mormyrid fishes communicate sender identity and behavioral state . 5 Peripheral coding of communication signals: two temporal codes, one circuit . 12 A sensory pathway devoted to communication behavior . 16 Sensory filtering and temporal sharpening . 21 Determining sender identity: a circuit for processing submillisecond spike timing differences . 24 Determining the behavioral state of the sender: multiple mechanisms for temporal filtering of interspike intervals . 30 Sensory multiplexing and the evolution of signals and species . 37 Future directions . 39 References . 41 Chapter 2: Short-term depression, temporal summation, and onset inhibition shape interval tuning in midbrain neurons . 57 Abstract . 58 Introduction . 59 Materials and methods . 61 Results . 75 Discussion . 99 References . 107.58 Introduction . 59 Materials and methods . 61 Results . 75 Discussion . 99 References . 107 Chapter 3: Behavioral and single-neuron sensitivity to millisecond timing variations in electric communication signals . 111 Abstract . 112.112
Screening of plant species for the presence of antiviral principles against okra yellow vein mosaic virus

Among the 17 plant species screened, pre-inoculation sprays with leaf extracts of Prosopis chilensis and Bougainvillea spectabilis were highly effective in reducing okra yellow vein mosaic virus infection of okra (cv. Pusa Sawani), percentage reduction being 83.3 and 81.7%, respectively, over the control. The incubation period of the virus in plants treated with leaf extracts of P. chilensis and B. spectabilis increased to 19.1 d and 19.3 d, respectively, compared with 10.4 d in the control plants.
Solnhofen : a study in Mesozoic palaeontology

The celebrated Solnhofen limestone is among the most important fossil deposits because of its astonishing diversity of organisms, many exquisitely preserved. This book illustrates many of the marine and terrestrial creatures and plants, buried 150 million years ago in soft lagoonal muds, to provide a unique glimpse into the true diversity of Jurassic life. Highlights include Archaeopteryx. This is an authoritative account of the geological history, palaeoecology, palaeoenvironment and fossil taxonomy of this classic location. It will be of great interest to palaeontologists and evolutionary biologists, as well as to amateur collectors, natural historians and anyone with an interest in the history of life. This book is a revised and updated translation of Werner Barthel's classic work.
The Leguminosae: A Source Book of Characteristics, Uses and Nodulation

This encyclopedic global survey of leguminous root nodulation, the result of 45 years of research by O. N. Allen and Ethel K. Allen, is the only one of its kind, a massive effort incorporating all of the 750 known genera of" Leguminosae," which, in turn, include nearly 20,000 species. The volume contains a comprehensive taxonomic account of the family "Leguminosae" as a framework for the author s census report of the nodulating and non-nodulating genera and species. The main body of the work consists of synopses of 750 leguminous genera arranged alphabetically. Each is described taxonomically within its proper tribe and subfamily, in accordance with accepted classification systems. All of the nodulation data from the survey are further summarized in tabular alphabetical listings of genera under each of the three subfamily categories. Throughout the volume there are previously unpublished personal observations, both those of the authors and of the many scientists whom they have contacted and worked with during their more than four decades of research. "
Transmission of citrus tristeza virus by Aphis gossypii and Aphis citricola in Florida.

Successful transmission of citrus tristeza virus (crV) was made by Aphis gossypii to plants of the following Passijlora spp. : P. gracilis, P. caerulea, P. incense and P. incarnata. However, only P. gracilis and P. caerulea retamed the virus. cry was detected by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). The virus induced severe leaf chlorosis, stunting and eventual death of P. graCilis plants, and severe stunting of P. caerulea plants and leaves. The virus has persisted in P. caerulea for over 2 yr. Successful graft transmissions were made from crvinfected P. caerulea to P. incense, P. incarnata, P. cincinnata and P. edulis. Graft transmissions of cry were also made from P. gracilis to P. caerulea and from P. incense to P. edulis. The virus persisted in these hosts with linle to no symptom expression. Eight successful transmissions were made from cry infected Passijlora spp. to mexican lime plants by A. gossypii. Sub-inoculations of cry were made by grafts from six infected Mexican lime seedlings to grapefruit, sour orange, lemon and sweet organe seedlings. The virus present in each of the lime plants showed loss of one or more of the components of yellows, stunting or stem pining after passage through Passijlora
Modelling Holocene peatland and permafrost dynamics with the LPJ-GUESS dynamic vegetation model

Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are an important platform to study past, present and future vegetation patterns together with associated biogeochemical cycles and climate feedbacks (e.g. Sitch et al. 2008, Smith et al. 2001). However, very few attempts have been made to simulate peatlands using DGVMs (Kleinen et al. 2012, Tang et al. 2015, Wania et al. 2009a). In the present study, we have improved the peatland dynamics in the state-of-the-art dynamic vegetation model (LPJ-GUESS) in order to understand the long-term evolution of northern peatland ecosystems and to assess the effect of changing climate on peatland carbon balance. We combined a dynamic multi-layer approach (Frolking et al. 2010, Hilbert et al. 2000) with soil freezing-thawing functionality (Ekici et al. 2015, Wania et al. 2009a) in LPJ-GUESS. The new model is named LPJ-GUESS Peatland (LPJ-GUESS-P) (Chaudhary et al. in prep). The model was calibrated and tested at the sub-arctic mire in Stordalen, Sweden, and the model was able to capture the reported long-term vegetation dynamics and peat accumulation patterns in the mire (Kokfelt et al. 2010). For evaluation, the model was run at 13 grid points across a north to south transect in Europe. The modelled peat accumulation values were found to be consistent with the published data for each grid point (Loisel et al. 2014). Finally, a series of additional experiments were carried out to investigate the vulnerability of high-latitude peatlands to climate change. We find that the Stordalen mire will sequester more carbon in the future due to milder and wetter climate conditions, longer growing seasons, and the carbon fertilization effect.
An alternative source for regenerable organogenic callus induction in Jatropha curcas L.

Plant regeneration of Jatropha curcas was achieved through organogenesis in callus cultures. Calli were induced from leaf explants on MS basal medium supplemented with NAA (1.0 mg/L) and BAP (5.0 mg/L). Green compact nodules containing clusters of meristematic centres were induced in these calli after transfer to MS basal medium containing various concentrations of BAP/Kn (0.5-5.0 mg/L) alone or in combination with auxins. MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.5 mg/L) and IBA (0.5 mg/L) was found to be the most effective combination for shoot bud differentiation. The microshoots rooted well on MS+IBA (3.0 mg/L) medium and the plantlets successfully acclimatized in soil.
Analyzing trade integration in North African markets: A border effect approach

This paper uses the border effect estimate from a gravity model to analyze the level of market trade integration among Algeria, Egypt, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia from 2005-2012. We analyze total trade as well as trade in agricultural and industrial products. The border effect estimates show that crossing a national border within these North African countries induces a trade-reduction effect. The highest effect is for Algeria, with total trade being reduced by a factor of 5 in 2011-2012, while the lowest effect is for Tunisia, with the total trade being reduced by a factor of 2 in 2011-2012. Our results also show that the border effect is stable over time. The mean value masks differences that are quite substantial in market integration when considering agricultural products or industrial products, the borders effects being lower for the latter. For industrial products in 2011-2012, the highest border effect is in Tunisia, with a factor of 3.3, and the lowest border effect is for Morocco with a factor of 1.9. For agricultural products in the same period, the highest border effect is in Algeria, with a factor of 5.9, and the lowest border effect is in Egypt, with a factor of 2.9. Finally, the equivalent tariffs implied by the estimated border effects are not implausible compared to the actual range of direct protection measures. Integration of the North African market should be pursued by improving structural policies to improve trade efficiency and reap the benefits of international trade.
ALGAL DISTRIBUTION AND ITS ABUNDANCE IN PUTHALAM SALTWORKS, KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU

Laila banu, N.R1*. and M. Reginald2 1Department of Botany, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil – 629002. 2Department of Botany, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil – 629003. *E.mail: laila_n_banu@yahoo.com Saltworks are important wetlands and exposed to wide range of environmental stress and perturbations. Fluctuations of salinity, brine chemistry and nutrient status leads to variation in microalgal population. The typical saltworks Sri Sankara Allom, Puthalam was chosen for the study. The investigation was aimed to list out the microalgae and calculates their abundance. The work was done in different seasons (I, II, III and IV) of the study period (March 2009 to February 2010). The reservoir pond showed major variation among micro algal species but it was low in condenser pond. Only two micro algal species were observed in crystallizer pond. A gradual reduction in number of micro algal species was observed with an increase in salinity. With regard to crystallizer, Dunaliella was the dominant one throughout the study period.
Transplantation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons in a Unilateral 6-Hydroxydopamine Lesion Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are a promising option for cell replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease. Undifferentiated mouse ES cells differentiate into functional dopaminergic neurons after grafting in hemiparkinsonian rats but induce the formation of tumours. The aim of this thesis was to study the anatomical and functional integration of pre-differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells transplanted in adult rats with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced hemiparkinsonism. Mouse ES cells were differentiated on a PA6-feeder for 14 days, labelled with PKH26 and implanted intrastriatally in hemiparkinsonian adult rats with or without adjunctive cyclosporine A immunosuppression. PKH26 fluorescence was detected in all graft recipients up to five weeks post-grafting. Graft-derived dopaminergic neurons survived transplantation and alleviated amphetamine-induced rotation (in non-immunosuppressed animals). Cyclosporine-A immunosuppression enhanced the survival of the grafted dopaminergic neurons but was associated with several adverse side effects including impaired motor function, an increased risk of tumour formation and increased morbidity. Cytomorphological analyses revealed that a significant proportion of the surviving dopaminergic neurons lost neurites between one and five weeks post-grafting. There was no indication of a direct relationship between transplant vascularisation and the viability of graft-derived dopaminergic neurons. The number of striatal D1 receptor binding sites was not altered by denervation and/or the grafting of dopamine-producing cells. In contrast, denervation induced a loss of dopamine transporter binding in the ipsilateral striatum. This loss was not reversed by pre-differentiated mouse embryonic stem cell grafts at five weeks post grafting. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the potential of pre-differentiated embryonic stem cells for generating functional dopaminergic neurons for transplantation in Parkinson's disease. In order to optimise this therapeutic approach, novel strategies should be developed to direct efficient differentiation of embryonic stem cells and to promote the survival and integration of ES cell-derived dopaminergic neurons after transplantation in host brains.
The influence of temperature and light intensity on grain growth in relation to the carbohydrate and nitrogen economy of the wheat plant

The response of grain growth to temperature and light intensity was studied under controlled conditions within the ranges from 10 to 25 °C and from 64 to 188 W m~2, respectively. Warmth hastened the senescence of the wheat plant and enhanced the initial growth rate of the grains. Additional light promoted the rate of grain growth more at high than at low temperatures; under the latter conditions there was a con­ siderable accumulation of carbohydrates in the stem (up to 40 %) from anthesis onwards. The rate of grain growth ranged from 0.70 to 1.64 mg day—1 kernel—1. The duration of grain growth was prolonged by decreasing the temperature from 25 to 10 "C; the increase in growth duration from about 30 to 80 days corresponded with a relatively stable temperature sum. Temperature and light also affected the redistribution of assimilates and the chemical composition of the grain. The rate of protein synthesis was promoted more by warmth than the rate of starch synthesis. This resulted in an increased nitrogen content of the grain. The final content of total non-structural carbohydrates (starch and sugars) was slightly decreased by warmth. Additional light raised the carbohydrate content of all parts of the plant and so decreased the nitrogen content of these parts. However, light intensity had less effect on nitrogen distribution and yield than temperature had.
Formation of minor moraines in high-mountain environments independent of a primary climatic driver

Closely-spaced minor moraines allow observations of moraine formation and ice-marginal fluctuations on short timescales, helping to better understand glacier retreat and predict its geomorphological effects (e.g. Sharp, 1984; Boulton, 1986; Bradwell, 2004; Lukas, 2012). Some minor moraines can be classified as annual moraines given sufficient chronological control, which implies a seasonal climatic driver of minor ice-front fluctuations. This leads to annual moraines being utilised as very specific and short-term records of glacier fluctuations and climate change. However, such research is sparse in high-mountain settings (Hewitt, 1967; Ono, 1985; Beedle et al., 2009; Lukas, 2012).
Genetic Variation and Realized Genetic Gain From Black Pine Tree Improvement

Summary In 1978 a 10 ha clonal seed orchard of black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) was established in the area of Koumani in the western part of Peleponnesos, Greece. The orchard comprises 52 clones derived from intensively selected plus trees in the natural forest of black pine of Peloponnesos. In 1991 three open pollinated progeny tests were established in Peloponnesos, proximal to the villages of Raches, Vlachokerasia and Vamvakou. Seedlings from 52 families including a commercial check (CC) were planted in each one of the three locations. Assessments were made when the trees were 4, 7 and 9 years respectively, with the following results. The variation among families for growth characteristics were highly significant in all locations examined. In the combined analyses of variance over the three locations, significant differences among families were also detected, while the family x location interaction effect was not significant. This indicates that the seed produced from the seed orchard can be freely used over the environments of the three experimental plantings, which are representative of the broad area of Peloponnesos. Narrow sense heritability estimates on individual tree basis (h2) were variable depending on the characteristic, age of assessment and the location of the experimental plantings. The estimates of h2 in Vlachokerasia for height (HT) were 0.21, 0.40 and 0.43 at the ages of 4, 7 and 9 years respectively. In Raches the corresponding h2 values for HT were nearly the same in all ages (0.29, 0.28 and 0.31 at 4, 7 and 9 years respectively) and stable but little higher (0.31, 0.28 and 0.31) at the Vamvakou experimental planting. The heritability values for HT estimated over the three location, were relatively low (0.25, 0.23 and 0.19) at the ages 4, 7 and 9 years respectively. Realized genetic gains were calculated for growth characteristics at the age of 9 years, by comparing the performance of the improved (selected) materials to unimproved materials (CC). For the first stage of selection (selection made in natural stands) gain of 6.0% for HT, 8.0% for diameter breast height (DBH) and 24% for volume were estimated. When 20% of the clones, with the lower breeding values are removed from the seed orchard (genetic thinning), an additional gain of 2% for HT, 3% for DBH and 8% for volume over the unrogued seed orchard is resulted. Thus, the total genetic gain from the genetically tested, first generation seed orchard of black pine at Koumani is estimated as 8% for HT, 11% for DBH and 32% for volume. These results indicate that improvement of black pine by selection, establishment of seed orchard and progeny testing the clones, is a very promising profitable operation.
The persistence of and changes in a bee fauna over the last century: case of Wielkopolska-Kujawy Lowland in western Poland (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Apiformes).

The bee (Apiformes) faunas inhabiting Wielkopolska-Kujawy Lowland, as described by Valentin TORKA in 1913, and about the year 2000 were assessed and compared with regard to species diversity, structure and abundance. A total of 317 species were found to live there at present, which proves the persistence of the fauna in a region subjected to most intensive and long-lasting economic pressures. Forty-one (11.4%) rare species were not registered in the area of study, but were found in adjacent regions. Compared to TORKA’S data, there were 79 (22%) new species. The paper also describes the territorial expansion and increased abundance of some species, especially eastward expansion of Andrena fulva as well as the appearance of Bombus semenoviellus and its expansion westwards.
Effects of Rhizobacteria on the Growth and Uptake of Lead by Wheat (Tritium aestivum L.)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of bacteria and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the growth and lead (Pb) accumulation of wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) grown in sterile and non-sterile soils. Wheat seeds were inoculated with two strains of commercial bacteria; Pseudomonas monteilii (B1) and Wautersia metallidurans (B2). Inoculated seeds were planted in plastic tubes containing sterile or non-sterile soil mixture consisting of topsoil and peat (2:1, v: v) that had been spiked with various amounts (0, 500, 1000, 2000 mg Pb/Kg dry soil) of lead nitrate. The plants were allowed to grow for six weeks in a naturally lit greenhouse. Our results showed that there were higher Pb concentrations in shoots of plants treated with EDTA + B1 and EDTA + B2 that were grown in non-sterile soils as compared to treatments in sterile soils. These results indicated that EDTA + bacteria may have synergized to mobilize Pb in the soil for plant uptake and translocation. In general, EDTA, bacteria, and a combination of both, increased the shoot and root Pb uptake and dry biomass in wheat.