Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
USING ENGLISH COMMEDY MOVIES WITH PEER SUPPORT IN TEACHING SPEAKING

The study aimed to investigate the effects of using comedy movies with peer support on students’ speaking skills and students’ responses toward the implementation of using comedy movies with peer support. In doing this, 60 students of class X at SMAN 2 Peusangan Bireuen were chosen as the samples. The data were collected by giving tests and questionnaires. The data from the speaking test were analyzed by using IBM Statistic SPSS version 23. Meanwhile, the data from questionnaires were analyzed by using a percentage formula. The finding revealed that there was a significant difference in the post-test scores of the students who were taught speaking by using comedy movies with peer support strategies and those who were taught speaking without using comedy movies with peer support strategy. The mean score of the posttest on the experimental group was 75.93. Meanwhile, the mean score of posttest on the control group was 67.50. The result of the t-test score showed the score difference was significant (-1.96 1. 96). Moreover, the students gave positive responses toward using comedy movies with peer support in teaching speaking. They also faced some difficulties in learning speaking by using comedy movies with peer support strategy. In fact, they admitted that they lacked of confidence, vocabulary, and comprehension because of having a very limited time to practice speaking.
News framing of the Euromaidan protests in the hybrid regime and the liberal democracy: Comparison of Russian and UK news media

This study examines and compares news framing of the protests in Ukraine from 30 November 2013 to 26 February 2014, encompassing three news sectors in the hybrid regime setting of Russia and the liberal democracy of the UK. Following Godefroidt et al.’s (2016) approach in their article in International Communication Gazette 78(8), the findings suggest that, while the Russian media used economic consequences and morality frames in the reporting of the protests reflecting the country’s political rhetoric on Ukraine, the British media preferred a human-interest frame and delivered a primarily one-sided coverage. The confrontational interpretations of the crisis by the Russian and UK media revealed an illiberal trend in both the hybrid regime and the liberal democracy.
Ecological response of Casuarina equisetifolia to environmental stress in coastal dunes in China

ABSTRACT Seasonal variations in Casuarina equisetifolia branchlet diameter, branchlet internode length, and branchlet length were investigated in plants at various distances from the coast in a Casuarina forest, using field studies and laboratory analysis. The branchlet traits of C. equisetifolia exhibited approximately linear change with increasing distance from the coast: the branchlet diameter became thinner, while the internode and branchlet lengths became longer. The change in branchlet traits was most evident at 0–20 m from the coast. There was little change in the distance from 40 m to 80 m. The branchlets on trees in favorable habitats showed an increase in internode length and reduced diameter, whereas the branchlets in unfavorable habitats had reduced internode length but increased diameter in limited branchlet length. The spatial changes in C. equisetifolia branchlet traits appear to be an adaptation to the environment, in response to the effects of blown sand in the coastal front area. The results suggest that to maintain growth this species shows marked adaptability to the effect of blown sand.
Observer‐oriented approach improves species distribution models from citizen science data

Abstract Citizen science platforms are increasingly growing, and, storing a huge amount of data on species locations, they provide researchers with essential information to develop sound strategies for species conservation. However, the lack of information on surveyed sites (i.e., where the observers did not record the target species) and sampling effort (e.g., the number of surveys at a given site, by how many observers, and for how much time) strongly limit the use of citizen science data. Thus, we examined the advantage of using an observer‐oriented approach (i.e., considering occurrences of species other than the target species collected by the observers of the target species as pseudo‐absences and additional predictors relative to the total number of observations, observers, and days in which locations were collected in a given sampling unit, as proxies of sampling effort) to develop species distribution models. Specifically, we considered 15 mammal species occurring in Italy and compared the predictive accuracy of the ensemble predictions of nine species distribution models carried out considering random pseudo‐absences versus observer‐oriented approach. Through cross‐validations, we found that the observer‐oriented approach improved species distribution models, providing a higher predictive accuracy than random pseudo‐absences. Our results showed that species distribution modeling developed using pseudo‐absences derived citizen science data outperform those carried out using random pseudo‐absences and thus improve the capacity of species distribution models to accurately predict the geographic range of species when deriving robust surrogate of sampling effort.
PP2ARts1 enforces a proportional relationship between cell size and growth rate

Cell size is proportional to growth rate. Thus, cells growing slowly in poor nutrients can be nearly half the size of cells growing rapidly in rich nutrients. The relationship between cell size and growth rate appears to hold across all orders of life, yet the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In budding yeast, most growth occurs during mitosis, and the proportional relationship between cell size and growth rate is therefore enforced primarily by modulating growth in mitosis. When growth is slow, the duration of mitosis is increased to allow more time for growth, yet the amount of growth required to complete mitosis is reduced, leading to birth of small daughter cells. Previous studies found that PP2A associated with the Rts1 regulatory subunit (PP2ARts1) works in a TORC2-dependent feedback loop that sets cell size and growth rate to match nutrient availability. However, it was unknown whether PP2ARts1 influences growth in mitosis. Here, we show that PP2ARts1 is required for the proportional relationship between cell size and growth rate during mitosis. Moreover, nutrients and PP2ARts1 influence the duration of mitosis, and thus the extent of growth in mitosis, via Wee1 and Pds1/securin, two conserved regulators of mitotic progression. Together, the data suggest a model in which the same global signals that set growth rate also set the critical amount of growth required for cell cycle progression, which would provide a simple mechanistic explanation for the proportional relationship between size and growth rate.
Identification of molecular hallmarks and regulators during neuronal maturation in adult hippocampal neurogenesis using RNA-Sequencing

The aim of the present study was the molecular transcriptome characterization of distinct maturation stages of in vivo adult hippocampal neurogenesis, in order to elucidate the mechanisms controlling the maturation of immature neurons to mature neurons. This was achieved by i) establishing a methodology for labelling and isolation of stem cell-derived neurons from the adult hippocampus at distinct developmental stages; and ii) establishing a method for directional RNA-Seq for a limited quantity of RNA (< 100 cells).
Seasonal variations of the population of Eulophonotus myrmeleon Felder (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) in the Sud-Bandama region of Côte d'Ivoire.

Objectives: The cocoa stem borer, Eulophonotus myrmeleon Felder (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) has recently become a serious pest of cocoa in west and central African countries. This study aimed to determine the periods of severe attacks of this new pest in the Sud-Bandama region, a major cocoa growing area of Cote d’Ivoire. Methodology and results: The experiment was conducted in 2005-2009 at the CNRA research station in Divo, Cote d’Ivoire. Six cocoa plots, planted in 1972, 1984, 1987, 1988, 1993, and 2000, and naturally attacked by Eulophonotus myrmeleon were selected. In each plot, a bloc of 300 cacao trees was demarcated and the trees were numbered from 1 to 300. Every tree was inspected monthly and the fresh holes of E. myrmeleon were counted till hand height. Rainfall data was taken twice a day (morning and afternoon) at the station. The results revealed two periods of severe borers’ attacks during the year. Heavy damages of occur from May to August with a peak in June, and from November to February with a peak around December-January. These two periods correspond to the time when the larvae excavate and tunnel in the cocoa trees. The attacks usually start in May and November each year. Adults’ emergence starts three months later in August and February. The levels of attacks seemed to be directly influenced by the rainfall pattern and drought seemed to adversely affect the level of borers’ attacks. Conclusion and application of the findings: The results of this study could be helpful in decision making regarding the application of control measures directed against the larvae or the adults. For example a rational insecticide application should be done during the periods of severe borers’ attacks or when adult moths are active in the field in order to reduce the population for the next generation. In addition, any investigation regarding the use of pheromone against E. myrmeleon will take into account the emergence period of the adults.
Comparative study of rumen fermentation and microbial community differences between water buffalo and Jersey cows under similar feeding conditions

ABSTRACT Differences in rumen volatile fatty acids (VFAs), microbial population and community composition between water buffalo and Jersey cows were compared to explore the effects of animal species on ruminal microbiota. Ruminally fistulated buffalo (n = 4) and Jersey cows (n = 4) with similar body weights were selected and provided with similar diets. After feeding for 30 days, rumen fluid was collected to quantify the ruminal VFA, and determine microbial population and community composition. Results revealed that concentrations of total VFA, acetate and propionate in buffalo were higher (P > .05), while butyrate concentration and acetate/propionate ratio were lower than those in Jersey cows (P < .05). Populations of ruminal bacteria, protozoa, fungi and F. succinogenes were higher in buffalo (P < .05). The abundance of Firmicutes was higher (P < .05), while the abundance of Bacteroidetes was lower in buffalo (P < .05). The abundances of dominant bacterial genus Prevotella and dominant methanogen genus Methanobrevibacter were higher in Jersey cows (P < .05). Protozoal genus Metadinium was dominant in buffalo, while Entodinium was dominant in Jersey cows. Concluded that not only rumen microbial population, but also microbial community composition were different between two species. The higher bacterial, protozoal and fungal populations, and different microbial community can explain why buffalo are more efficient to digest fibre.
Electrocorticographic responses to time-compressed speech vary across the cortical auditory hierarchy

Human listeners understand spoken language across a variety of rates, but when speech is presented three times or more faster than its usual rate, it becomes unintelligible. How the brain achieves such tolerance and why speech becomes unintelligible above certain rates is still unclear. We addressed these questions using electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings in 7 epileptic patients (two female). Patients rated the intelligibility of sentences presented at the original rate (100%), speeded rates (33% or 66% of the original sentence duration) and a slowed rate (150%). We then examined which parameters of the neural response covary with the transition from intelligible to unintelligible speech. Specifically, we asked whether neural responses: 1) track the acoustic envelope of the incoming speech; 2) “scale” with speech rate, i.e. whether neural responses elicited by slowed and speeded sentences can be linearly scaled to match the responses to the original sentence. Behaviorally, intelligibility was at ceiling for speech rates of 66% and above, but dropped significantly for the 33% rate. At the neural level, Superior Temporal Gyrus regions (STG) in close proximity to A1 (‘low-level’) tracked the acoustic envelope and linearly scaled with the input across all speech rates, irrespective of intelligibility. In contrast, secondary auditory areas in the STG as well as the inferior frontal gyrus and angular gyrus (‘high-level’) tracked the acoustic envelope and linearly scaled with input only for intelligible speech. These results help reconcile seemingly contradictory previous findings and provide better understanding of how information processing unfolds along the cortical auditory hierarchy.
Optimizing of protease purification from bacillus cereus td5b by ammonium sulfate precipitation

The aim of this research was to optimize the protease purification from Bacillus cereus TD5B by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The material used was protease enzyme from Bacillus cereus TD5B. It was produced and purified in a liquid medium using ammonium sulfate precipitation. The optimization was performed using various levels (50, 60, 70 and 80 %) of ammonium sulfate as precipitation agent of crude microbial enzymes. Separation process of precipitate and supernatant was conducted by 3,500 rpm centrifugation for 30 min at 4°C. The specific activity of protease enzyme, and protein content was observed on precipitate and supernatant of each levels treatment of the ammonium sulfate. Based on specific enzyme activity and protein content, the measurement showed that 70 % ammonium sulfate level treatment has the highest specific enzyme activity (78.296 U/mg) and highest protein content (2.689 mg/mL). This specific enzyme activity was three times higher compared to specific enzyme activity before purification treatment (24.12 U/mg). In conclusion, the purification of crude Bacillus cereus TD5B enzyme by ammonium sulfate purification can increase the specific enzyme activity.
Disruption of ankyrin B and caveolin-1 interaction sites alters Na+,K+-ATPase lateral diffusion in HEK293 cell plasma membranes

The Na+,K+-ATPase is a plasma membrane ion transporter of high physiological importance for ion homeostasis and cellular excitability in electrically active tissues. Mutations in the genes coding for Na+,K+-ATPase α-subunit isoforms lead to severe human pathologies including Familial Hemiplegic Migraine type 2 (FHM2), Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood (AHC), Rapid Dystonia Parkinsonism (RDP) or epilepsy. Many of the reported mutations lead to change- or loss-of-function effects, whereas others do not alter the functional properties, but lead to e.g. reduced protein stability, reduced protein expression or defective plasma membrane targeting. Na+,K+-ATPase frequently assembles with other membrane transporters or cellular matrix proteins in specialized plasma membrane microdomains, but the effects of these interactions on targeting or protein mobility are elusive so far. Mutational disruption of established interaction motifs of the Na+,K+-ATPase with ankyrin B and caveolin-1 are expected to result in changes in plasma membrane targeting, changes of the localization pattern, and of the diffusion behavior of the enzyme. We studied the consequences of mutations in these binding sites by monitoring diffusion of eGFP-labeled Na+,K+-ATPase constructs in the plasma membrane of living HEK293T cells by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) as well as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) or photoswitching (FRAS) and observed significant differences compared to the wild-type enzyme, with synergistic effects for combinations of interaction site mutations. These measurements expand the possibilities to study the consequences of Na+,K+-ATPase mutations and provide information about the interaction of Na+,K+-ATPase α2-isoform with cellular matrix proteins, the cytoskeleton or other membrane protein complexes.
Association of age and gender of patients who underwent amalgam restoration in mandibular premolars with class 1 dental caries

The presence of dental caries is the main reason for the placement and replacement of restorations. Maintaining restorations to a satisfactory clinical condition is a big challenge for the practitioners. The aim of the study is to associate the age and gender of the patientswhounderwent amalgam restorations in mandibular premolars with class 1 dental caries. This was a descriptive study, where all the patients data were collected by reviewing patients records and analysing the data of 86000 patients reported from June 2019 to March2020 to theDepartment of conservative dentistry and endodontics, Private Dental college and hospitals, Chennai. Data was collected and tabulated, statistical analysis was done by SPSS – IBM. In this study, we observed that there is a signi icant difference between the age, gender and tooth number of patients who underwent amalgam restoration in mandibular premolar with class 1 dental caries. Amalgam restoration has served the professionwell, and it is very useful in restorative dentistry. Thus the use of amalgam can be continued as a material of choice if esthetics is not a concern.
Effect of FYM, Zn and Trichoderma Spp. on growth, yield and quality of spinach beet grown in Cd contaminated soil

An investigation entitled “Effect of FYM, Zn and Trichoderma spp. applications on growth, yield and cadmium uptake by spinach beet grown in Cd contaminated soil” was carried out during rabi 2016 at Department of Natural Resources Management, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. The present pot trial consisting of 18 treatment combinations involving three levels of FYM (F0: control, F1: 10 t ha and F2: 20 t ha), two levels of Trichoderma (T0:Control, T1:2 kg ha) and three levels of Zinc (Z0: control, Z1: 2.5 mg kg and Z2: 5.0 mg kg) using Factorial Complete Randomize Design with three repetitions. The experimental results revealed that plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight of leaves during 1, 2 and 3 cuttings and dry weight of root after 3 cutting were significantly highest with treatment F2 over F1 and F0 with a tune value of 20.14, 22.01 and 18.33 cm; 5.68, 6.04 and 7.33; 205.58, 201.52 and 230.71 cm; 122.79, 133.86 and 106.13 g pot; 9.82 g potrespectively. Similar trends in results with respect to growth and yield were found with application of Zn @ 5 mg kg(Z2) over Z1 and Z0. However, fresh weight of leaves was found significantly highest with application of Trichoderma spp. @ 2 kg ha-1 over T0. The interaction effects F x Z during 1 and 2 cutting in plant height and F x Z during 2 cutting in leaf area was found significant. As per interaction effect F x Z is concerned, leaf area was significantly affected due to F1Z2 with a tune value of 220.12 cm, during 2 cutting over rest of the F x Z combinations but statistically remain at par with F1Z1, F2Z1, F0Z2 and F2Z2. Significantly the highest content of fiber, nitrate and folic acid in leaves were found due to application of FYM @ 20 t ha during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd cutting of spinach beet, however, significantly highest nitrate and folic acid content was recorded due to application of Zn @ 5.0 mg kg during 1st, 2nd and 3rd cutting with a tune value of 34.72, 35.75, 35.41 ppm and 178.69, 179.21, 176.48 μg 100g, respectively.
A Comprehensive Understanding of Electro-Fermentation

Electro-fermentation (EF) is an upcoming technology that can control the metabolism of exoelectrogenic bacteria (i.e., bacteria that transfer electrons using an extracellular mechanism). The fermenter consists of electrodes that act as sink and source for the production and movement of electrons and protons, thus generating electricity and producing valuable products. The conventional process of fermentation has several drawbacks that restrict their application and economic viability. Additionally, metabolic reactions taking place in traditional fermenters are often redox imbalanced. Almost all metabolic pathways and microbial strains have been studied, and EF can electrochemically control this. The process of EF can be used to optimize metabolic processes taking place in the fermenter by controlling the redox and pH imbalances and by stimulating carbon chain elongation or breakdown to improve the overall biomass yield and support the production of a specific product. This review briefly discusses microbe-electrode interactions, electro-fermenter designs, mixed-culture EF, and pure culture EF in industrial applications, electro methanogenesis, and the various products that could be hence generated using this process.
Sentence-Embedding and Similarity via Hybrid Bidirectional-LSTM and CNN Utilizing Weighted-Pooling Attention

SUMMARY Neural networks have received considerable attention in sentence similarity measuring systems due to their e ﬃ ciency in dealing with semantic composition. However, existing neural network methods are not su ﬃ ciently e ﬀ ective in capturing the most signiﬁcant semantic information buried in an input. To address this problem, a novel weighted-pooling attention layer is proposed to retain the most remarkable attention vector. It has already been established that long short-term memory and a convolution neural network have a strong ability to accumulate enriched patterns of whole sentence semantic representation. First, a sentence representation is generated by employing a siamese structure based on bidirectional long short-term memory and a convolutional neural network. Subsequently, a weighted-pooling attention layer is applied to obtain an attention vector. Finally, the attention vector pair information is leveraged to calculate the score of sentence similarity. An amalgamation of both, bidirectional long short-term memory and a convolutional neural network has resulted in a model that enhances information extracting and learning capacity. Investigations show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches to datasets for two tasks, namely semantic relatedness and Microsoft research paraphrase identiﬁcation. The new model improves the learning capability and also boosts the similarity accuracy as well.