Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single Indicator of Risk for Schizophrenia: Probable Fact or Likely Myth?

The longitudinal followup strategy in high-risk research is being increasingly complemented by the use of psychosis-prone-ness scales to select subjects for study who might be vulnerable to schizophrenia and who show differences on laboratory measures that could act as endophenotypic markers for use in genetic investigations. Three types of experimental paradigm have been adopted, drawn from cognitive psychology, psychophysiology, and the neuropsychology of hemisphere function. Results adopting each of these approaches are examined, alongside recent factor-analytic evidence that psychosis-proneness scales currently in use tap up to four different components that map onto the clinical heterogeneity of schizophrenia (and possibly other forms of psychosis). No one of these components clearly emerges as, or points to, a single indicator of risk, though some aspect of neurocognitive functioning seems a likely candidate. Even so, it is argued, the clinical expression of vulnerability must be due to a convergence in an individual of several components of risk since individually (and nota-bly so for "susceptibility to positive symptoms") they are very common in the healthy popula-tion. In evaluating the evidence, attention is drawn to two cru-cially different ways that inves-tigators in schizophrenia research have construed the notion of continuity (1) as subclinical defect (or forme fruste of disease) having varying expression or (2) as biologically based personality dimensions that simultaneously describe the dispositions to aberrations of function leading to degree of illness. It is noted that the model of continuity chosen can significantly shape the way the results of risk research are interpreted and the theories of psychosis to which they give rise.
A primal-dual interior-point method for the semidefinite programming problem based on a new kernel function

The purpose of this paper is to improve the complexity of a large-update primal-dual interior point method for a semideﬁnite programming problem. We deﬁne a proximity function for the semideﬁnite programming problem based on a new parametric kernel function and prove that the worst-case iteration bound for the new correspondent algorithm is O (cid:16) √ n ( ln n ) pq + 1 pq ln n ε (cid:17) , where p , q ≥ 1.
MAXILLARY AIR SINUS AUGMENTATION

Maxillary sinus augmentation also known as sinus lift technique is done in posterior maxilla when the tooth is extracted. It is done to regenerate the loss of alveolar bone to place dental implants.The aim of the study is to know which is best for maxillary sinus augmentation. The search was done in PubMed, Google scholar for relevant articles. Out of which, a few systematic reviews and original citations are cited in the review. The relevant articles are explained briefly with the findings, pros and cons and the limitation and future scope of the study is also discussed in the article below. It is concluded that the outcome for maxillary sinus augmentation, the best techniques that can be used for this augmentation and the best biocompatible material which can also be used.
Respiratory Virus Infections from Persist in the Lungs Following Recovery T Cells + Activated Antigen-Specific CD8

2 The poor correlation between cellular immunity to respiratory virus infections and the numbers of memory CD8 1 T cells in the secondary lymphoid organs suggests that there may be additional reservoirs of T cell memory to this class of infection. Here we identify a substantial population of Ag-speciﬁc T cells in the lung that persist for several months after recovery from an inﬂuenza or Sendai virus infection. These cells are present in high numbers in both the airways and lung parenchyma and can be distin-guished from memory cell populations in the spleen and peripheral lymph nodes in terms of the relative frequencies among CD8 1 T cells, activation status, and kinetics of persistence. In addition, these cells are functional in terms of their ability to proliferate, express cytolytic activity, and secrete cytokines, although they do not express constitutive cytolytic activity. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that the long-term establishment of activated T cells in the lung did not require infection in the lung by a pathogen carrying the inducing Ag. The kinetics of persistence of Ag-speciﬁc CD8 1 T cells in the lung suggests that they play a key role in protective cellular immunity to respiratory virus infections. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 166: 1813–1822. Tc2 effector cell generation, naive CD8 T cells from OT-I-transgenic mice were stimulated with mitomycin C-treated OVA 257–264 peptide-pulsed APCs in the presence of 20 U/ml IL-2, 200 U/ml IL-4 (X63.IL-4 super- natants), and 20 g/ml anti-IFN- g mAb (XMG1.2). Effector cell cultures were incubated for 4 days with additional 20 U/ml IL-2 added on day 2.
DIFFERENTIAL HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE OF NON-HOST SPECIES TO XANTHOMONAS ORYZAE PV. ORYZAE IN THENORTHWEST PAKISTAN

Oryzae along with three non-host species used for hypersensitivity response. To test the response of hypersensitivity, the bacterium was confirmed by Physiological and biochemical tests. All tests have shown the positive response for the bacterium and confirmed the causal organism as Xanthomonasoryzae pv. oryzae. Datura ( Daturawrightii) had good hypersensitivity response in term of lesions size as compared to Lambs-Quarter ( Chenopodium album ) whereas Milk-Thistle ( Silybummarianum ) showed poor hypersensitivity response to isolates.
Title: Acquisition of resistance towards HYD1 correlates with a reduction in cleaved alpha 4 integrin expression and a compromised CAM-DR phenotype Cleaved alpha 4 integrin expression correlates with resistance to HYD1

: We recently reported that the β 1 integrin antagonist referred to as HYD1 induces necrotic cell death in myeloma cell lines as a single agent using in vitro and in vivo models. In this report we sought to delineate the determinants of sensitivity and resistance towards HYD1 induced cell death. To this end, we developed a HYD1 isogenic resistant myeloma cell line by chronically exposing H929 meyloma cells to increasing concentrations of HYD1. Our data indicate that the acquisition of resistance towards HYD1 correlates with reduced levels of the cleaved α 4 integrin subunit. Consistent with reduced VLA-4 ( α 4 β 1) expression, the resistant variant showed ablated functional binding to fibronectin, VCAM-1 and the bone marrow stroma cell line HS-5. The reduction in binding of the resistant cell line to HS-5 cells translated to a compromised CAM-DR phenotype as demonstrated by increased sensitivity to melphalan and bortezomib induced cell death in the bone marrow stroma co-culture model of drug resistance. Importantly, we show that HYD1 is more potent in relapsed myeloma specimens compared to newly diagnosed patients, a finding which correlated with α 4 integrin expression. Collectively, these data indicate that this novel D-amino acid peptide may represent a good candidate for pursing clinical trials in relapsed myeloma and in particular patients with high levels of α 4 integrin. Moreover, our data provide further rationale for continued pre-clinical development of HYD1 and analogs of HYD1 for the treatment of multiple myeloma and potentially other tumors which home and/or metastasize to the bone. relapsed HYD1 induced cell death compared to HYD1 myeloma Myeloma cell lines were tested for secretion of Kappa (H929) or Lambda (RPMI-8226) levels by ELISA and mycoplasm every 4 months. Resistance levels of drug selected cell lines are monitored every four months. 293FT cells were obtained from Invitrogen and grown in Iscove’s DMEM (Cellgro,) supplemented with 10 % FBS.
Resilience unpacked: Framing of ‘uncertainty’ and ‘adaptability’ in long-term flood risk management strategies in the regions of London and Rotterdam

Resilience is generally held as a promising concept to produce a paradigm shift from traditional flood control to an integration of flood risk management and spatial planning. Central ideas to the resilience narrative are that ‘nothing is certain except uncertainty itself’ and ‘adaptability’ is key to ‘governing the unknown’. However, this terminology is far from clear, yet increasingly used, which raises the question how it is made sense of in practice. To answer this question, we examine two long-term flood risk management strategies in the London and Rotterdam region with a policy framing perspective (i.e. the English Thames Estuary 2100 Plan and the Dutch Delta Programme). In both strategies, uncertainties are a key concern, leading to adaptive strategic plans. Reconstructing the framing processes shows that the English adopted a ‘scientific pragmatism’ frame and the Dutch a ‘joint fact-finding’ frame. While this led to different governance approaches, there are also striking parallels. Although emphasizing that uncertainties are inevitable, both cases use established methods such as scenario planning and monitoring to ‘manage’ uncertainties. Similarly to previous turns in flood risk management, the resilience narrative seems to be accommodated in a technical-rational way, resulting in policy strategies that are maintaining the status quo rather than bringing about a paradigm shift.
Assessment of Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in Common Haemoglobin Phenotypes in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria

Background : Generally speaking, erythrocyte haemoglobin (Hb) is pro-oxidant in nature constantly generating superoxide (O 2 ˙ˉ) species in biological system of all Hb phenotypes. Sometimes, this reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers lipid peroxidation with eventual rise in oxidative stress, particularly when the supposed self-sustaining antioxidant defence system is overwhelmed. Worse still, abnormal Hb generates multiple of O 2 ˙ˉ specie. Recent evidence has linked abnormal haemoglobins S and C in sickle cell diseases (SCD) to various complications with multiple pro-oxidant processes; however, similar studies in relation with abnormal haemoglobin traits are sparse. More so, reports on rate of activities of various antioxidant enzymes in SCDs are still contradictory. This study aimed to assess interplay between lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence capacity in various haemoglobin variants. Method : A total number of 150 participants with different haemoglobin variants were recruited. Plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes were assayed using spectrophotometric method. Result : The results showed that plasma levels of MDA and erythrocytic SOD were significantly increased (P<0.05) in abnormal haemoglobins in that order of HbSS >HbSC >HbAC >HbAS, when compared with controls (HbAA). Conversely, plasma levels of GPx and TAS showed significant reductions (p<0.05), respectively. Conclusion : The results suggest that both sickle cell diseases and the carriers were relatively more vulnerable to systemic oxidative stress (in that order of HbSS> HbSC > HbAC >HbAS) contrary to normal haemoglobin phenotype, possibly owing to ineffective antioxidant mechanisms needed for keeping spontaneous generation of free radicals in control.
Designing Human-Centric Information Systems: Towards an Understanding of Challenges in Specifying Requirements within Design Thinking Projects

Design-inspired approaches to problem-solving, like design thinking, have been gaining rising recognition as a way to create human-centric solutions. A design thinking project provides a guiding, yet not rigid framework to explore and specify requirements for the development of a new product or service. We investigate the challenges concerned with specifying requirements in design thinking projects with the purpose of laying the groundwork for creating solutions to these challenges. We find that design thinking supports the process of discovering requirements but leads to challenges stemming from the design thinking process. We identify conclusions for practice and suggestions for further research to create better human-centric information systems in the future.
TGF- b 1 and prepro-ANP mRNAs are differentially regulated in exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy

TGF- b 1 and prepro-ANP mRNAs are differentially regulated in exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy. J Appl Physiol 91: 771–776, 2001. —The induction of transforming growth factor (TGF)- b and prepro-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) mRNAs represent hallmark features of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. The present study examined whether this pattern of mRNA expression was conserved in a physiological model of cardiac hypertrophy. To address this thesis, female Sprague-Dawley rats were individually housed and permitted to run freely. Voluntary exercise for 3 and 6 wk resulted in biventricular hypertrophy and increased cytochrome c oxidase activity in the triceps muscle. In the hypertrophied left ventricle, the steady-state mRNA level of the cardiac fetal gene prepro-ANP and the extracellular matrix proteins preprocollagen- a 1 and ﬁbronectin were similar in exercise-trained and sedentary rats. By contrast, an increased expression of TGF- b 1 mRNA was observed, whereas TGF- b 3 mRNA level was unchanged in the hypertrophied left ventricle of exercise-trained compared with sedentary rats. These data highlight a heterogeneity in the regulation of TGF- b iso-forms, and the increased expression of ventricular TGF- b 1 mRNA in physiological cardiac hypertrophy may contribute to myocardial remodeling.
Testing adiabatic contraction with Sloan Digital Sky Survey elliptical galaxies

We study the proﬁles of 75 086 elliptical galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) at both large (70–700 h − 1 70 kpc) and small ( ∼ 4 h − 1 70 kpc) scales. Weak lensing observations in the outskirts of the halo are combined with measurements of the stellar velocity dispersion in the interior regions of the galaxy for stacked galaxy samples. The weak lensing measurements are well characterized by a Navarro, Frenk and White (NFW) proﬁle. The dynamical mass measurements exceed the extrapolated NFW proﬁle even after the estimated stellar masses are subtracted, providing evidence for the modiﬁcation of the dark matter proﬁle by the baryons. This excess mass is quantitatively consistent with the predictions of the adiabatic contraction (AC) hypothesis. Our ﬁnding suggests that the effects of AC during galaxy formation are stable to subsequent bombardment from major and minor mergers. We explore several theoretical and observational systematics and conclude that they cannot account for the inferred mass excess. The most signiﬁcant source of systematic error is in the initial mass function (IMF), which would have to increase the stellar mass estimates by a factor of two relative to the Kroupa IMF to fully explain the mass excess without AC. Such an increase could be achieved by switching from a Kroupa to a Salpeter IMF (with cut-off at 0 . 1 M (cid:3) ), but doing so would cause signiﬁcant tension with results from SAURON. We demonstrate a connection between the level of contraction of the dark matter halo proﬁle and scatter in the size luminosity relation, which is a projection of the fundamental plane. Whether or not AC is the mechanism supplying the excess mass, models of galaxy formation and evolution must reconcile the observed halo masses from weak lensing with the comparatively large dynamical masses at the half-light radii of the galaxies.
30 More than seventy years of probabilistic phonology

: The idea that phonology is probabilistic goes back to P¯an.ini, and the classic distinction between accidental and systematic gaps in the lexicon is implicitly probabilisitic. This idea took on new vigour just over 70 years ago with Shannon’s work on information theory. It is now supported by a wide variety of studies concerning all levels of representation in the theory of sound structure. Models that use probabilities have had striking successes in capturing how people learn the sound patterns of their language from experience, and deploy their knowledge productively and adaptively. However, people’s patterns in production often deviate systematically from the statistical patterns in the input they receive. Cognitive biases, propensities for regularity and structure, and social inﬂuences on attention and memory, all play important roles.
ความชุกของความเหนื่อยล้าและปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องในแพทย์ใช้ทุน แพทย์ประจ�าบ้าน คณะแพทยศาสตร์ โรงพยาบาลสงขลานครินทร์The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Burnout Syndrome among Residents in Training at Faculty of Medicine, Songklanagarind Hospital

Objective : This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of burnout syndrome among residents, who work at Faculty of Medicine, Songklanagarind Hospital. Method : This was a cross-sectional designed study, which was conducted in order to survey all residents, who worked and trained at the Faculty of Medicine, Songklanagarind Hospital from; January to April 2018. The questionnaire comprised of 3 parts: 1) demographic data 2) the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Thai version questionnaire 3) patient health questionnaire-9 Thai version (PHQ-9) for evaluating depression. The data were analyzed in order to describe the behavior of the sample by descriptive statistics. The factors associated with burnout syndrome were analyzed by using chi-square test and logistic regression. Results : The total number of participants were 244 residents, 55.7% of them were females. And 24.6% of them had depression. The mean age of participants was; 27.2%±2.2 years old, with the mean, working hours per day being; 10.3±2.3. The total prevalence of burnout syndrome among residents was 100%, with the highest score found to be within the emotional exhaustion section (the mean score was 25.3±12.6). Amount of working hours, per day, were related to emotional exhaustion, whereas the type of specialty, as well as perception of having stress from work, were associated with depersonalization. The sample size was not adequate for the personal accomplishment section analysis. Conclusions : All residents, who work within either major, or minor specialties suffered from burnout syndrome. The factors associated with burnout syndrome are; work hours per day, type of specialty, the perception of having stress from work.
EFFECT OF REPLACING CONCENTRATE MIXTURE WITH MORINGA ( MORINGA OLEIFERA ) LEAVES ON BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL AND MINERAL PROFILE OF MEHSANA GOAT KIDS

: Eighteen Mehsana goat kids were randomly divided into three groups of six kids in each group to evaluate the effect of replacing concentrate mixture with Moringa oleifera leaves on blood biochemical and mineral profile in diet of growing Mehasana goat kids. The three experimental treatments were T 1 : 100% concentrate mixture; T 2 : 50% concentrate mixture + 50 % Moringa leaves and T 3 : 100 % Moringa leaves. At the end of experimental feeding (90 day), blood samples were collected from each kid to analyze concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), alanine transaminase (SGPT), glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, calcium and phosphorus. The blood micro-minerals viz. copper, zinc, iron, and manganese were analyzed by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The serum total protein, albumin, SGOT and calcium levels were found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher moringa fed groups as compared to control group. There was no significant difference among different treatment groups for blood concentrations of copper, zinc, iron and manganese content. Based on the results, it was concluded that moringa ( Moringa oleifera moringa leaves in diet of growing Mehsana goat kids increased concentrations of blood total protein, albumin, SGOT and calcium while decreased level of blood cholesterol. Feeding of moringa leaves did not affect blood micro-mineral profile in Mehsana goat kids. Total 18 Mehsana goat kids (average age 3-4 months) were randomly divided into three treatment groups using completely randomized design, so that each group had six animals per treatment. The three experimental treatments were T 1 = 100% concentrate mixture; T 2 = 50% concentrate mixture + 50 % Moringa leaves and T 3 = 100 % Moringa leaves. All the kids were treated with antihelminthes before the commencement of the experiment to ensure the kids were free of intestinal worm. The kids were kept in individual pens and provided individual feeders and water buckets. The kids were allowed 10 days of adjustment period during which they were gradually introduced to the experimental diets. Conventional concentrate mixture was gradually replaced at 0, 50 and 100% with dried moringa leaves and mixed thoroughly and supplied to animals. Moringa oleifera leaves were collected from the locally available moringa plots of the Dantiwada taluka. The collected moringa leaves were dried in shed on thick plastic sheets. Kids were allowed 6 hours daily grazing. In addition to grazing, kids were supplemented with above mentioned diet at the 1% of live body weight. The duration of the feeding trial was of 90 days. The chemical composition of concentrate mixture and moringa leaves was analyzed according to standard
and Epithelial Inhibition of (cid:2) ENaC expression and ENaC activity following blockade of the circadian clock-regulatory kinases CK1 (cid:3) / ε

Inhibition of (cid:2) ENaC expression and ENaC activity following blockade of the circadian clock-regulatory kinases CK1 (cid:3) / ε . Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 303: F918–F927, 2012. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00678. 2011. —Increas-ing evidence suggests that the circadian clock plays an important role in the control of renal function and blood pressure. We previously showed that the circadian clock protein Period (Per)1, positively regulates the expression of the rate limiting subunit of the renal epithelial sodium channel ( (cid:2) ENaC), which contributes to blood pressure regulation. Casein kinases 1 (cid:3) and 1 ε (CK1 (cid:3) / ε ) are critical regulators of clock proteins. CK1 (cid:3) / ε must phosphorylate the circadian clock protein Per1 in order for the latter to enter the nucleus. We used a commercially available CK1 (cid:3) / ε inhibitor, PF670462, to test the effect of CK1 (cid:3) / ε blockade and inhibited Per1 nuclear entry on (cid:2) ENaC in a model of the renal cortical collecting duct (mpkCCD c14 cells). CK1 (cid:3) / ε blockade prevented Per1 and Clock from interacting with an E-box from the (cid:2) ENaC promoter. CK1 (cid:3) / ε inhibition reduced (cid:2) ENaC mRNA levels by (cid:4) 60%. A similar decrease in (cid:2) ENaC mRNA was observed following siRNA-mediated CK1 (cid:3) / ε knock-down. Inhibition of CK1 (cid:3) / ε effectively prevented the transcriptional response of (cid:2) ENaC to aldosterone, suggesting an interaction between the circadian clock and aldosterone-mediated regulation of (cid:2) ENaC. CK1 (cid:3) / ε inhibition signiﬁcantly reduced (cid:2) ENaC but increased Caveolin-1 membrane protein levels; transepithelial current, a measure of ENaC activity, was decreased. Importantly, single channel analysis in amphibian renal cells demonstrated a dramatic decrease in the number of patches with observable ENaC current following CK1 (cid:3) / ε inhibition. The present study shows for the ﬁrst time that CK1 (cid:3) / ε inhibition and impaired Per1 nuclear entry results in decreased (cid:2) ENaC expression and ENaC activity, providing further support for direct control of ENaC by the circadian clock.