Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response Facilitation Induced by Insulin-like Growth Factor-I in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex of Mice Was Reduced in Aging

Aging is accompanied by a decline in cognition that can be due to a lower IGF-I level. We studied response facilitation induced in primary somatosensory (S1) cortical neurons by repetitive stimulation of whiskers in young and old mice. Layer 2/3 and 5/6 neurons were extracellularly recorded in young (≤ 6 months of age) and old (≥ 20 month of age) anesthetized mice. IGF-I injection in S1 cortex (10 nM; 0.2 μL) increased whisker responses in young and old animals. A stimulation train at 8 Hz induced a long-lasting response facilitation in only layer 2/3 neurons of young animals. However, all cortical neurons from young and old animals showed long-lasting response facilitation when IGF-I was applied in the S1 cortex. The reduction in response facilitation in old animals can be due to a reduction in the IGF-I receptors as was indicated by the immunohistochemistry study. Furthermore, a reduction in the performance of a whisker discrimination task was observed in old animals. In conclusion, our findings indicate that there is a reduction in the synaptic plasticity of S1 neurons during aging that can be recovered by IGF-I. Therefore, it opens the possibility of use IGF-I as a therapeutic tool to ameliorate the effects of heathy aging.
ROCKBURST AND ITS CRITERIA AND CONTROL

The research on rockburst could be traced back to the first half of the 18th century.Since then,although a great deal of scientific achievements have been published,this topic is still an outstanding problem worldwide so far.As an overall review,this paper presents first some background information relating case histories,research methodologies etc.at home and abroad.And then,the criteria and classification of rockburst commonly used at home and abroad are described.The forecast and prediction of rockburst phenomena are discussed too.After that,the rockburst control,including stress relief drilling,water injecting,anchoring etc.are overviewed.Finally,a key case history related to the rockburst phenomena occurring in the auxiliary adit of the Jinping II Hydropower Station is described emphatically.On the basis of analyzing the previous information,some practical methods for classification,prevention and mitigation of rockburst are proposed.
Multimedia programmes: creating computer music to enhance creative thinking

ABSTRACT Creative music skills promote much more divergent thinking perceived as a key element of creativity. The current research examines how music-making software enhances creative thinking skills in music. The research discusses the impact of music-making multimedia software on creative thinking development while creating musical pieces of a variety of genres. The sample included 300 participants of the 3d year of study from three high educational establishments of China. The data were analysed using quantitative and statistical analyses, and the research method used to assess the results of pre-test and post-test for Measurement of Creative Thinking in Music (MCTM). The average value of the post-test found improvements in terms of four music parameters: musical length (ML) was improved by 66% and 66.5%, while musical flexibility (MF) by 41.6% and 36.2%. Musical originality (MO) was improved by 48.3% and 37.9%, musical syntax (MS) by 46.7% and 41.3%, respectively. The correlations of MCTM parameters were significant and it confirmed the positive effect of using multimedia software on the development of creative thinking in music. The findings can help educators to develop an effective framework for teaching music and enriching creative skills in students with music-making software. The research significance is that the results can help to improve creative thinking in high educational establishments.
Competency-Based Medical Education: Are Canadian Pediatric Anesthesiologists Ready?

Background With the introduction of Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME), the Canadian Pediatric Anesthesia Society (CPAS) surveyed its members to assess their awareness of and prior experience with CBME concepts and evaluation tools, and identify methods for faculty development of CBME teaching strategies for pediatric anesthesia residents and fellows. Methods An online survey was sent to CPAS members. Outcomes included respondents’ previous exposure to CBME and the educational support they had received in anticipation of the curriculum. Questions used multi-item Likert scales and a general feedback question. Results The response rate was 39% (60/155). Eighty-eight percent of respondents spent ≥50% of their time practicing pediatric anesthesia; 78% and 45% spent at least a quarter of their time teaching residents and fellows respectively. Eighty-three percent were familiar with CBME concepts, and 58% were familiar with Milestones, Competencies, and Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs). However, 64% had not received any formal training and 52% had not used any CBME evaluation tools. Learning preferences included small group discussions (72%), lectures with questions and answers (Q&A) (62%), seminars (50%), and workshops (50%). Conclusions Despite widespread awareness of CBME concepts, there is a need to educate Canadian pediatric anesthesiologists regarding CBME evaluation tools. Faculty development support will increase the utilization of these tools in teaching practice.
Pengaruh profesionalisme auditor terhadap tingkat materialitas dalam pemeriksaan laporan keuangan

Profesi auditor merupakan suatu jasa pelayanan, di mana tugas auditor eksternal adalah mengaudit dan membuat laporan audit yang berisikan opini auditor yang menyatakan bahwa laporan keuangan perusahaan yang diaudit wajar atau bahkan tidak wajar. Dalam melaksanakan audit, seorang auditor harus dituntut untuk bersikap profesional. Di mana sikap profesionalisme dicerminkan dalam lima dimensi yaitu pengabdian pada profesi, kewajiban sosial, kemandirian, kepercayaan terhadap profesi dan hubungan dengan rekan seprofesi. Sampel penelitian adalah auditor yang bekerja kantor akuntan publik harus berada di wilayah Surabaya. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil menunjukan bahwa tiga dimensi profesionalisme seperti pengabdian pada profesi, kemandirian, dan kepercayaan terhadap profesi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat materialitas dalam pemeriksaan laporan keuangan, sedangkan dua dimensi profesionalisme seperti kewajiban sosial dan hubungan dengan rekan seprofesi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat materialitas dalam pemeriksaan laporan keuangan.
Corporate Bond Flipping

In this paper, we provide the rst empirical evidence on ipping activity in the corporate bond market. Analyzing insurer trades in corporate bonds during 2002 2018, we show that when ipping their allocation in an o ering, insurers tend to avoid selling to the o ering's underwriters even though underwriters o er better prices. O erings with worse aftermarket performance are ipped less, but the sensitivity of ipping to performance is broadly similar when ipping to underwriters and to non-underwriters, which suggests that underwriters discourage ipping in both overpriced and underpriced o erings. Insurers that ip their allocation to underwriters receive less pro table allocations in these underwriters' subsequent o erings. Overall, our ndings suggest that the repeated game nature of the issuance process allows underwriters to partially limit ipping by using their allocation discretion to penalize ippers.
Efficacy of flaxseed oil compared with fish oil supplementation in the treatment of coronary heart disease: a retrospective study

Background Many studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of omega‐3 fatty acids in animal models and human diseases. Compared with commonly used fish oil, flaxseed oil has better palatability. However, the relative efficacy of the two types of oil on the cardiovascular health of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) is unclear. Methods This was a retrospective study based on the prospectively maintained database of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled and then divided into two groups: the flaxseed oil group received 1,000 mg flaxseed oil, which contains 400 mg of α-Linolenic acid, as their omega‐3 fatty acid source; the fish oil group received 1,000 mg of fish oil, which contains 250 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 150 mg of docosahexaenoic acid. The primary outcome was cardiovascular risk biomarker changes between the two groups. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 120 patients were enrolled in the present study: 60 in the flaxseed oil group and 60 in the fish oil group. After a median follow-up of 10.0 weeks (95% CI: 8.4–11.6 weeks), flaxseed oil was found to be significantly better at reducing serum insulin levels and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels than fish oil (P=0.03 and P=0.02, respectively). The effects of flaxseed oil and fish oil on homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG); body weight, and body mass index (BMI) were found to be similar. Moreover, patients who received flaxseed oil tended to have a better overall survival than those who received fish oil, although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.067). Conclusions Compared with fish oil, flaxseed oil was more effective in reducing serum insulin levels and hs‐CRP levels for T2DM patients with CHD. For these patients, flaxseed oil might become a novel choice.
ThPOK Inhibits Osteoclast Formation Via NFATc1 Transcription and Function

Both LRF (Zbtb7a) and ThPOK (Zbtb7b) belong to the POK (BTB/POZ and Kruppel) family of transcription repressors that participate in development, differentiation, and oncogenesis. Although LRF mediates osteoclast differentiation by regulating NFATc1 expression, the principal established function of ThPOK is transcriptional control of T‐cell lineage commitment. Whether ThPOK affects osteoclast formation or function is not known. We find that marrow macrophage ThPOK expression diminishes with exposure to receptor activator of NF‐kB ligand (RANKL), but ThPOK deficiency does not affect osteoclast differentiation. On the other hand, enhanced ThPOK, in macrophages, substantially impairs osteoclastogenesis. Excess ThPOK binds the NFATc1 promoter and suppresses its transcription, suggesting a mechanism for its osteoclast inhibitory effect. Despite suppression of osteoclastogenesis by excess ThPOK being associated with diminished NFATc1, osteoclast formation is not rescued by NFATc1 overexpression. Thus, ThPOK appears to inhibit NFATc1 transcription and its osteoclastogenic capacity, while its depletion has no effect on the bone‐resorptive cell. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Causal Impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on Global Soil Moisture Over the Period 2015–2100

Soil moisture is an important element of the Earth system that influences both mean and extreme climate, hydrological cycle, vegetation growth and agricultural production. Therefore, it is essential to understand the factors that drive soil moisture variability. Soil moisture variations have been shown to be affected by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in several regions. However, the causal impacts of ENSO on global soil moisture remain elusive, particularly regarding the future periods under warming environment. Here we assessed the causal effects of ENSO on soil moisture at the global scale over the 2015–2100 period using data from Coupled Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. We find that ENSO is likely to have causal impacts on soil moisture over areas of northern Australia, parts of eastern and southern Africa, Southeast Asia, large parts of South America, middle and western Asia, and parts of southern North America. The results show low consistency between CMIP6 models for the causal impacts of ENSO over Southeast Asia while the models' consensus is higher over eastern Africa, western Asia, Australia, south central North America, and South America. In addition, our results suggested an expansion in the spatial influences of ENSO on regional soil moisture for the future period 2015–2100 compared to the historical period 1915–2000. As soil moisture is an essential part of the water cycle and prediction of ENSO events is achievable, these results might have implications for regional water resources management in the future.
Evaluation of the Functional and Radiological Outcomes of Antibiotic-Coated Intramedullary Interlocking Nailing for Gustilo and Anderson Grades 2 and 3 Open Tibial Shaft Fractures

Background: Tibial shaft fractures are the most common fractures among long bones. At present, implants coated with broad-spectrum antibiotics have been developed, and antimicrobial eluting implants are widely used in clinical practice. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted among 40 patients with tibial shaft fractures who visited the Department of Orthopedics in RL Jalappa Hospital, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, from February 2021 to September 2021. As it is a large trauma center near the national highway, all 40 cases, including the referral cases, were operated within two months of the initiation of the study, with the last case operated in March 2021. The inclusion criteria were: patients aged more than 18 years, diaphyseal tibial fractures definitively treated by antibiotic coated intramedullary nailing, and Gustilo and Anderson grades 2, 3A, and 3B open tibial shaft fractures. All patients with grades 2, 3A, and 3B open fractures of the tibial shaft were treated with antibiotic-coated nails and followed up at one, three, and six months post-surgery. Results: The mean age of patients was 35.6 years, and the mean union time of fractures was 4.2 months. Road traffic accidents (RTA) are the most common etiology for tibial bone fractures. In this study, grade 3A open fractures had the highest number of cases (N = 26). No patients in the present study developed superficial or deep infections post-operatively. All patients were assessed with Johner-Wruhs criteria at each follow-up, and they showed improvement in knee and ankle joint mobility, pain, and deformity. Most patients achieved good functional results after postoperative follow-up, followed by those with excellent results. According to the radiographic union scale in tibial shaft fractures criteria, 23 patients showed good radiological results after postoperative follow-up, followed by 15 patients with excellent and 2 patients with fair results. Conclusion: Most of the patients showed good to excellent functional and radiological results according to Johner-Wruhs and Radiographic Union Scale for Tibial fractures (RUST) criteria. The use of antibiotic-coated nails to treat compound tibial fractures was associated with a decreased risk of deep wound infections and good fracture healing.
Renal function markers in single-kidney patients after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A pilot study

Background: The present study was performed to investigate and compare renal functions of single-kidney patients after 12 h of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) surgery through assessing major markers of renal function with focus on serum level of cystatin that performs a consistent accuracy in various conditions. Materials and Methods: This pilot quasi-experimental study was done on 92 patients with single kidney having staghorn calculus who had undergone PCNL and were referred to the Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, during 2019–2021. Serum levels of cystatin C, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) urine level were evaluated before and 12 h after surgery. Results: The mean cystatin C decreased significantly 1.58 ± 0.55 versus mg/L 1.46 ± 0.52 after 12 h after surgery (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean levels of creatinine (2.04 ± 0.71 vs. 1.89 ± 0.60 mg/dL) and NGAL (39.72 ± 12.87 vs. 24.05 ± 10.89 μg/ml) were decreased significantly after 12 h of procedure (P < 0.05) while the mean eGFR (57.62 ± 27.59 vs. 64.68 ± 31.88 ml/min/1.73 m2) was increased significantly after 12 h (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Due to significant improvement in all markers of renal after PCNL, this procedure can be considered a potentially effective and safe approach for treating large stone in single-kidney patients.
Impact Position Estimation for Baseball Batting with a Force-Irrelevant Vibration Feature

In this work we propose a novel method for impact position estimation during baseball batting, which is independent of impact intensity, i.e., force-irrelevant. In our experiments, we mount a piezoelectric vibration sensor on the knob of a wooden bat to record: (1) 3600 vibration signals (waveforms) from ball–bat impacts in the static experiment—30 impacts from each of 40 positions (distributed 1–40 cm from the end of the barrel) and 3 intensities (drop heights at 75, 100, and 125 cm, resp.), and (2) 45 vibration signals from actual battings by three baseball players in the dynamic experiment. The results show that the peak amplitude of the signal in the time domain, and the peaks of the first, second, and third eigenfrequencies (EFs) of the bat all increase with the impact intensity. However, the ratios of peaks at these three EFs (1st/2nd, 2nd/3rd, and 1st/3rd) hardly change with the impact intensity, and the observation is consistent for both the static and dynamic experiments across all impact positions. In conclusion, we have observed that the ratios of peaks at the first three EFs are a force-irrelevant feature, which can be used to estimate the impact position in baseball batting.
Observations of cold cloud properties in the Norwegian Arctic using ground-based and spaceborne lidar

Abstract. The role of clouds for the surface radiation budget is particularly complex in the rapidly changing Arctic. However, despite their importance, long-term observations of Arctic clouds are relatively sparse. Here we present observations of cold clouds based on 7 years (2011–2017) of ground-based lidar observations at the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR) in Andenes in the Norwegian Arctic. In two case studies, we assess (1) the agreement between a collocated cirrus cloud observation from the ground-based lidar and the spaceborne lidar onboard the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite, and (2) the ground-based lidar’s capability of determining cloud phase in mixed-phase clouds from depolarization measurements. We then compute multi-year statistics of cold clouds from both platforms with respect to their occurence, cloud top and base height, cloud top temperature and thermodynamic phase for the period 2011–2017. We find that satellite and ground-based observations agree well for the coincident cirrus measurement, and that the vertical phase distribution within a liquid-topped mixed-phase cloud could be identified from depolarization measurements. On average, 8 % of all satellite profiles were identified as single-layer cold clouds with no apparent seasonal differences. The average cloud top and base heights combining the ground-based and satellite instrument are 9.1 km and 6.9 km, respectively, resulting in an average thickness of 2.2 km. Seasonal differences between the average top and base heights are on the order of 1–2 km and are largest when comparing autumn (highest) and spring (lowest). However, seasonal variations are small compared to the observed day-to-day variability. Cloud top temperatures agree well between both platforms with warmer cloud top temperatures in summer. The presented study demonstrates the capabilities of long-term cloud observations in the Norwegian Arctic from the ground-based lidar at Andenes.
Tiebout Sorting, Zoning, and Property Tax Rates

This paper examines certain implications from the literature on Tiebout’s model of local government service provision, particularly Hamilton’s extension of the model to include local control of land use and property taxation. Our empirical analysis focused on the use of fiscal zoning to lower property tax rates, a topic that has not been addressed in the extensive literature on Tiebout’s model. Using data for over 100 municipalities in the Miami, Florida, metropolitan area, we specified property tax rates as a function of fiscal zoning measures, other municipal characteristics, and tax mimicking. We conclude that single-family zoning is by far the most important variable explaining municipal property tax rates.
The role of information sources and characteristics of children in the acceptance of Japanese encephalitis (JE) mass immunization in Bali Province

ABSTRACTBackground and purpose: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a public health issue that can be prevented by immunization programs. Indonesia began the JE immunization campaign in Bali through simultaneous immunization for children aged 9 months to 15 years. Although information dissemination has been carried out, knowledge, perceptions and characteristics of mother and child can influence the acceptance and uptake of immunization for children. This study aims to determine the factors that influence acceptance of JE mass immunization in Bali Province.Methods: Secondary data analysis was performed on the results of the JE Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIA) Udayana University survey which consisted of 1,284 mothers and 2,107 children. The survey was conducted from June-August 2018 in nine districts/cities in Bali Province. The association between knowledge, perception and respondentsâ€™ characteristics with acceptance of JE mass immunization was analyzed with chi square test and multivariate analysis was conducted using logistic regression.Results: The proportion of children who received immunization was 93.9% (95%CI: 92.8-94.9). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant association between acceptance of JE mass immunization with the childâ€™s age, sex, educational status, complete basic immunization history, motherâ€™s perception of severity, benefits, barriers, knowledge and sources of information (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis shows that the variables which significantly increase JE mass immunization acceptance are information from a combination of media and face to face education (AOR=3.95; 95%CI: 2.01-7.77), schooling children (AOR=2.43; 95%CI: 1.23-4.79), living outside of Denpasar City (AOR=2.32; 95%CI: 1.49-3.62), children who have received complete basic immunization (AOR=2.22; 95%CI:1.42-3.49), face to face information only (AOR=2.11; 95%CI: 1.21-3.70) and girls (AOR=1.68; 95%CI: 1.15-2.46). Conclusion: Information disseminated via a combination of media and face to face is the strongest variable influencing JE mass immunization acceptance. Providing appropriate information through a combination of media and face to face education by health or non-health workers needs to be considered. Â Keywords: Catch-up campaign, immunization campaign, Japanese encephalitis