Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Salmon Fish on Lipid Profile of Male and Female Albino Rats

Increased serum lipid levels are associated with the increased risk of many metabolic disorders including cardio vascular disease (CVD), obesity and diabetes mellitus. The objective of the current study was to determine whether feeding salmon diet with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) will alter serum lipid profile in male and female rats after three months of feeding. Although many studies have focused on the role of salmon fish on human health the results remain controversial. Consequently, the question of whether or not salmon fish are beneficial or harmful to lipid profile remains unresolved. Male and female Wistar albino rats were used in the present study. Each sex was randomly divided into two groups (n= 20 per group). Control group: fed on the rodent diet AIN-93G which was recommended by the American Institute of Nutrition for growth, pregnancy and lactation. Salmon diet treated group: each rat was fed individually on cooked salmon fish diet 0.34 ـــ 0.69 gm/ rat which is equivalent to 200 gm / 70 kg human body weight then were all given AIN-93G diet ad-libitumfor three months. At the end of the experimental period the results showed that compared to the control group salmon diet significantly decreased serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) and significantly increased serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) level however no effects were detected on serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), glucose, insulin and body weight in male rats. Also in female rats salmon diet significantly decreased serum levels of TC and TG but no effect on HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose, insulin and body weight was observed. These results suggest that salmon meal play a protective role from cardio vascular disease (CVD) by decreasing lipid profile.
Robotic Exoskeleton Gait Training During Acute Stroke Inpatient Rehabilitation

Stroke is the leading cause of severe disability in adults resulting in mobility, balance, and coordination deficits. Robotic exoskeletons (REs) for stroke rehabilitation can provide the user with consistent, high dose repetition of movement, as well as balance and stability. The goal of this intervention study is to evaluate the ability of a RE to provide high dose gait therapy and the resulting effect on functional recovery for individuals with acute stroke. The investigation included a total of 44 participants. Twenty-two participants received RE gait training during inpatient rehabilitation (RE+SOC Group), and a matched sample of 22 individuals admitted to the same inpatient rehabilitation facility-receiving conventional standard of care treatment (SOC group). The effect of RE training was quantified using total distance walked during inpatient rehabilitation and functional independence measure (FIM). The total distance walked during inpatient rehabilitation showed a significant difference between the SOC and RE+SOC groups. RE+SOC walked twice the distance as SOC during the same duration (time spent in inpatient rehabilitation) of training. In addition, the average change in motor FIM showed a significant difference between the SOC and RE+SOC groups, where the average difference in motor FIM was higher in RE+SOC compared to the SOC group. The results suggest that RE provided increased dosing of gait training without increasing the duration of training during acute stroke rehabilitation. The RE+SOC group increased their motor FIM score (change from admission to discharge) compared to SOC group, both groups were matched for admission motor FIM scores suggesting that increased dosing may have improved motor function.
Life at the edge – the cytology and physiology of the biotroph to necrotroph transition in
 Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
 during lesion formation in ash

The progress of colonization of ash stems from ascospore inocula of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus was examined by light and electron microscopy. The main aim of the study was to characterize the cytology of the biotroph to necrotroph transition during lesion formation. Following direct penetration into epidermal cells, the fungus produced intracellular hyphae that invaded up to five cells before plant cells died. A lack of close attachment between the hyphal cell wall and plant cell membrane was revealed by plasmolysis of epidermal cells. Plant cells died at the centre of the infection but hyphae at the edge were typically found in living plant cells even around large lesions. During biotrophic invasion, the cytoplasm of penetrated plant cells showed very little response despite the plant cell membrane being in direct contact with the fungal cell wall. Before plant cell death, dark staining of the cytoplasm and proliferation of small vesicles was noted, but organelles retained normal ultrastructure. Dead plant cells contained dark brown, osmiophilic droplets. Penetration between epidermal or collenchyma cells was usually targeted to shared pits and involved constriction of hyphae. The transition to necrotrophy was not associated with a clear change in hyphal morphology. Biotrophic intracellular hyphae contained dense cytoplasm but hyphae in dead plant cells were more vacuolated. Remarkably little plant cell wall degradation was observed despite the fungus penetrating up to 18 cells deep into stem tissue. Features of the development of the ash dieback fungus are compared with other hemibiotrophic pathogens.
Differential effects of elevation on leaf size of overstorey and understorey species in a temperate rainforest

ABSTRACT Conspicuous geographic variation in the average leaf size of plant communities suggests the physical environment must exert strong selection pressures on this trait. Leaf energy balance theory has recently been applied to explain global patterns in leaf size, through its strong influence on vulnerability to (a) overheating in dry sunny conditions and (b) chilling on cold clear nights. The same theory should also predict leaf size patterns on local elevational gradients, but there are fewer data available to examine this prediction. We collected recently-fallen leaf litter at 50 m elevational intervals in temperate rainforest on Mt. Te Aroha, New Zealand, hypothesising that average leaf size of angiosperm tree and shrub species should decrease with increasing elevation. Data from overstorey species (≥ 10 m tall) strongly supported this hypothesis (R2 = 0.36), average leaf size declining from 24.5 cm2 at 150 m to 4.3 cm2 at 850 m. Among understorey trees and shrubs (< 10 m tall) the relationship with elevation was weaker (R2 = 0.18) and the effect size smaller, average leaf size falling from 29.8 cm2 at 150 m to 9.8 cm2 at 850 m. The data are therefore consistent with limitation of leaf size of overstorey species by an elevational decrease in minimum temperatures. Leaf size of shorter tree and shrub species appears to be less constrained by elevational declines in temperature, a pattern that may be partly explained by protection from radiative cooling by overtopping taller trees. However, the occasional occurrence of large-leaved (notophyll) small trees and shrubs on open, recently-disturbed sites at high elevation requires clarification.
Relationship between university teachers’ emotional intelligence and instructional leadership competences: overview of the literature

The concept of emotional intelligence is steadily gaining importance and is associated with the efficiency of the professional activity of a higher education teacher. The phenomenon of emotional competence includes understanding, management, analysis of one’s emotional state, self-regulation and the ability to understand the emotions of others and act on them, which in the intensive university educational process determines the success of managing a student audience. The article discusses the concept of emotional intelligence concerning the professional competencies of modern university teachers. The quantitative investigation will inspect the University teachers’ instructional leadership competences toward their behavior and beliefs. The article displays the foundation of the investigation, determines the issues this examination endeavors to reply, and portrays professional importance of the examination. A literature review was conducted using various databases, the sources were mainly focused on the following issues: emotional intelligence, the leadership of the learning process and the relationship between these two above-mentioned issues. The considered literature sources were grouped for each issue using the authors’ conclusions and analysis of the current state of knowledge of the research question.
ANALYSIS OF SHALLOW LAKE SEDIMENTS IN THE FILDES PENINSULA, KING GEORGE ISLAND, MARITIME ANTARCTICA

O trabalho analisa a area deglaciarizada da Peninsula Fildes, ilha Rei George, Antartica Maritima, baseada na interpretacao de sedimentos lacustres rasos. A distribuicao do tamanho das particulas da fracao areia foi obtida pelo analisador CAMSIZE e a fracao silte foi verificada com o granulometro a laser Malvern Mastersizer. As concentracoes dos principais elementos foram determinadas por Espectroscopia de Raios-X por Dispersao de Energia, em fracao granulometrica <0,062 mm. A composicao mineralogica foi determinada por difracao de raios-X utilizando o difratometro de Raios-X Brucker D8 Advance. Indice de Alteracao Quimica e Indice de Alteracao do Plagioclasio foram aplicados. Si foi o elemento quimico mais abundante nas amostras, seguido por Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Ti e K. IAQ e IAP apresentaram valores moderados entre 56,0-73,8 e 56,5-68,3, respectivamente, e aumentaram em direcao sul da peninsula, area deglaciarizada e exposta aos processos de intemperismo por mais tempo. Difracao de raios X revela em todas as amostras minerais presentes nas rochas vulcânicas: andesina e olivina. Os resultados da Analise de Componentes Principais e Analise de Agrupamento sugerem que os sedimentos estao relacionados as rochas basalticas locais. Observa-se tambem a influencia dos processos deposicionais nas caracteristicas granulometricas e morfoscopicas dos sedimentos. As condicoes climaticas e topograficas desempenham um papel importante na composicao e concentracao dos elementos nos sedimentos dos lagos, uma vez que valores moderados de Indice de Alteracao Quimica e Indice de Alteracao do Plagioclasio sao indicados.
Inertial Measurement Unit Based Hip Flexion Strength-Power Test for Sprinters

This study aimed to examine whether a recently developed inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based hip flexion strength-power test could be an indicator of sprint performance, step length (SL) and frequency (SF) during sprinting using sprinters. Sixteen well-trained male sprinters performed 60-m sprints and an IMU-based hip flexion test which consisted of five serial hip flexion-extension motions for each leg with three different conditions (unweighted, 0.75 or 1.5 kg ankle weighted). Running speed, SL and SF from the start to the 50-m mark were measured using a long force platform system. The hip flexion strength-power test variables were collected using one IMU attached to the lateral thigh. The right hip flexion positive work in the 1.5 kg weighted condition was positively correlated with running speed from the 9th−12th to 21st−22nd step sections (r = 0.588–0.761) and with SF at the 17th−20th step section (r = 0.526). The right hip flexion positive mean power in the 1.5 kg weighted condition was positively correlated with running speed from the 13th−16th to 21st−22nd step section (r = 0.547–0.638) and with SF from the 13th−16th to 21st−22nd step section (r = 0.501–0.553). The current results demonstrate that, among well-trained male sprinters, hip flexion positive work and mean power measured using IMU-based strength-power test in the 1.5 kg weighted right leg condition can be a determinant of better sprint performance through higher SF during the later acceleration section approaching maximal speed.
A randomized prospective study comparing conventional dose to low dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia in elective caesarean section

Aim and Objectives:Thus this study was conducted to compare the efficacy of two different doses of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (7.5mg and 10mg) in women undergoing caesarean section. Results: Group B patients had significantly higher pulse rate post-spinal(P
Effect of abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate preharvest applications on fruit quality and cracking tolerance of sweet cherry

Rain-induced cherry fruit cracking is one of the most important problems in the cherry industry, and its occurrence causes significant economic losses. Sweet cherry (Prunus avium [L.] L.) is a non-climacteric fruit affected by both abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) during development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of these phytohormones on cracking susceptibility and quality parameters of sweet cherry fruit (‘Bing’), located in the central region of Chile. During two seasons, independent pre-harvest applications of ABA (0.1 mM) and MeJA (0.4 mM) or both combined, at fruit developmental stages of fruit set or fruit color change, significantly reduced the number of mature cracked fruit after 6 h of immersion in water (p < 0.05). In both seasons the combinations of ABA and MeJA applied at fruit set reducing cracking index in an 87% compared to the control without compromising the weight or the diameter of the fruits. Moreover, in the second season ABA and MeJA applications at fruit set increased fruit firmness (11% and 6% respectively) and fruit color parameters regardless of the fruit stage at application, although slight decreases in soluble solids content were observed in most of the treatments.
Martensitic Transition, Magnetic, Microstructural and Exchange Bias Properties of Melt Spun Ribbons of Mn-Ni-Sn Shape Memory Heusler Alloy

In the present report, we have studied the structural, microstructural, magnetic, exchange bias (EB) properties and magnetoresistance (MR) in Mn rich (Mn at. ∼50%) Mn50Ni50−xSnx (x = 10) shape memory Heusler alloy ribbons, prepared using the melt spinning method. These ribbons were found to exhibit a first order structural (i.e., martensitic) transition at around 205 K from the high temperature austenite to the low temperature martensite phase. The martensitic transition occurs at comparatively lower temperatures in these ribbons than in the same bulk alloy. Curie temperature of the austenite phase (TC A) is found to be larger i.e., around room temperature than that of bulk alloy. A significant EB field (HEB) of around 960 Oe has been observed at 2 K for these ribbons, which is found to be comparable to that reported for other Heusler systems. The presence of the EB effect in these ribbons is attributed to the coexistence of FM/AFM exchange interactions in the martensite phase. They are also found to show a maximum negative MR of around 12% near the martensitic transition, for 50 kOe field change. Investigation of DC magnetization, AC susceptibility measurements and the observation of training effect (i.e., characteristic feature of EB) strongly corroborates with the coexistence of FM/AFM exchange interactions in the martensite phase of these ribbons, which results in the large EB. The effects of temperature and magnetic field on the EB properties and MR have also been studied here.
Minimal phenotyping yields GWAS hits of low specificity for major depression

Background Minimal phenotyping refers to the reliance on self-reported responses to one or two questions for disease case identification instead of full diagnostic criteria. This strategy has been applied in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on major depressive disorder (MDD), leading to lowering of phenotyping costs, increasing sample sizes, and more GWAS hits. It assumes that any increase in diagnostic noise, and its impact on the nature of GWAS loci thus identified, can be mitigated by the large increase in sample size. Methods We assess the impact of using different definitions of MDD in 337,198 White-British, unrelated samples in the UKBiobank with GWAS, analyses of heritability and genetic correlation, and comparison with previously published statistics on MDD and other psychiatric conditions. Definitions of MDD include seeking medical help for anxiety or depression, reporting MDD or its cardinal symptoms, and meeting full DSM criteria for MDD. Findings Heritability of depression defined by minimal phenotyping (<15%) is lower than DSM-based MDD (26%), and the former shares as much genetic liability with DSM-MDD (0·81) as it does a non-MDD help-seeking condition (0·84). While minimal phenotyping-based depression and DSM-based MDD show similar shared genetic liability with other conditions like neuroticism, a greater proportion of the genome contribute to the former (77%) than the latter (64%). Enrichment of heritability in CNS specific genes is found in both minimal phenotyping definitions of depression and other psychiatric conditions, but not DSM-MDD. GWAS loci identified in the minimal phenotyping definitions of depression, even when found in DSM-based MDD, show similar effects in other psychiatric conditions. Interpretation Using minimal phenotyping strategy for GWAS, when applied to MDD, carries significant potential risks. It primarily identifies non-specific genetic factors shared between MDD and other psychiatric conditions, biases our view of genetic architecture of MDD, and limits our ability to identify pathways specific to MDD. Fundings Support for authors are detailed in Acknowledgements.
(How) Can Recent Cognitive Studies Contribute to Literary Interpretation?

This essay wishes to engage with the crucial issue of the interpretation of literary texts from the specific perspective of the rise of Cognitive Sciences in the past two or three decades. One of the stimulating, but also controversial elements of Cognitive Literary Studies is the variety of denominations of the field itself. Different labels have been adopted to define it, including: “Cognitive Poetics”, “Cognitive Semiotics”, “Cognitive Stylistics”, “Cognitive Literary Studies”, “Cognitive Criticism”, and “Cognitive Literary Science”. A crucial problem that has variously been dealt with but that still remains open to discussion (and has sometimes promoted a questioning of the usefulness of the neurosciences in the interpretation of literary works), is the problem of the affordances of a cognitive approach to the specificity of literary artifacts. This contribution will therefore address and investigate this timely topic and illustrate aspects of the dynamics of literary interpretation that the cognitive sciences have recently productively developed. In particular, it will focus on the following elements: various perspectives in “the neurohumanities”, “literariness and the brain”, “the respective contribution of the cognitive sciences and of literature to the knowledge of the human
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Agarwood Extracts from Mature and Juvenile Aquilaria malaccensis

Chemical composition of crude extracts from infected woods of Aquilaria malaccensis were compared to that of healthy wood and commercial agarwood. Infected woods were collected six months after drilling of wild mature trees or after fungal inoculation into the stem of 4-year-old trees. Agarwood substances were extracted in methanol and were subjected to GC-MS analyses. The major compounds were chromone derivative, aromatic compounds, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, sterols and fatty acid methyl ester. Aromatic compounds constituted of aldehyde, phenol, ether and ketone groups. In the agarwood extract of the juvenile fungal-elicited tree but not in the healthy wood, some major compounds found were 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone derivative, 4-phenyl-2-butanone, (1S, 4S, 7R)-1,4-dimethyl-7-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroazulene [guaiene], 1,1,4,7-tetramethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,7a, 7b-octahydro-1aH-cyclopropa[h]azulen-4a-ol [palustrol], and 4-(4-methoxyphenyl) butan-2-one [anisylacetone]. These were also found from agarwood of different grades and agarwood collected from the wild mature tree, in addition to agarospirol, alloaromadendre oxide (2), alpha-elemol, gamma-eudesmol, and guaiol. This work demonstrated that in young A. malaccensis trees, fungi may be associated to the formation of important agarwood compounds and can be detected as early as six months after inoculation.
Chemical Investigation and Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plant Toddalia asiatica Lam

Medicinal plants have become important sources of natural products, which have been used in the development of therapeutic agents. Four new coumarins ( 1 -4 ) have been isolated together with five known metabolites ( 5 - 9 ) from the medicinal plant T. asiatica. The structures of 1-9 were assigned based on their spectroscopic data. Compounds ( 1 -9 ) inhibited the growth of the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus at a concentration of 25 and 50 μg/disc. Compounds ( 2 -4 ) inhibited the phytopathogenic fungus C. cucurbitarum at 50 μg/disc.
Random-centroid Optimization Reveals the Strongest Superoxide Anion Radical Scavenging Activity of Maltose- and Ribose-conjugated Chicken Myofibrillar Protein

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: knishimu@dwc.doshisha. ac.jp Abbreviations: DMPO, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide; ESR, electron spin resonance; IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentration; Mfs, myofibrillar proteins; O _ 2 , superoxide anion radical; •OH, hydroxyl radical; RCO, random-centroid optimization; RH, relative humidity; SOD, superoxide dismutase; SOSA, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity; U, unit Note
CORRELATION BETWEEN SOWING AND FERTILIZER APPLICATION SYSTEMS AND WEEDS IN SOYBEAN CROPS

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects sowing systems and fertilizer application systems on the incidence of weeds and on yield components in soybean crops. Two experiments were conducted in soils with different fertility levels. An experimental design in split-plot was used; the plots consisted of four sowing systems: crossed sowing (0.45×0.45 m), and spacings between rows of 0.35 m, 0.175 m, and 0.45 m; and the subplots consisted of fertilizer application systems: application in the sowing row, broadcast fertilizer application at sowing, and no fertilizer application. The variables evaluated were: grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and weed incidence at 30 and 50 days after sowing (DAS). The weed incidence at 30 DAS was lower when using spacing between rows of 0.45 m, which was correlated with the lower turning of the soil surface layer. The plant spacing between rows of 0.175 m resulted in a lower competition with weeds at 50 DAS and in a higher shading, generating higher grain yields. The fertilizer application in the sowing row resulted in a higher grain yield and 1000-grain weight. The sowing system affects the weed population dynamics, which directly affects the grain yield of soybean crops.
The Use of Dwarf Tomato Cultivar for Genetic and Physiology Study Applicable for School Education

*Chansean Mam, Kimrieng Yun, Sarith Phen, Youhei Noda, Hiroyoshi Funai, Tsutomu Iwayama and Juntaro Kato 1Cooperative Doctoral Course in Subject Development in the Graduate School of Education, Aichi University of Education & Shizuoka University, Japan 2Graduate School of Education, Aichi University of Education, Japan 3Affiliated Senior High School, Aichi University of Education, Japan 4Department of Science Education, Aichi University of Education, Japan 5Genetic Laboratory, Aichi University of Education, Japan