Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of integrated weeds management on growth and development of Okra

It was observed that the plant population was almost under all the different weed control practices at both the stages. The maximum plant height at harvest stage was also recorded in T8 (2 H.W. at 30 and 60 DAS), Maximum number of branches at harvest stage were noted under T8 (7.92/plant), which was at par with T5 (7.47/plant) treatment. At harvest, the maximum number of leaves per plant was recorded under the treatment weed free (8.20/plant) which was statistically at par with T5 (grass mulch 5 t/ha one week after germination). The maximum dry weight per plant was recorded under the treatment weed free (22.02/plant) which was statistically superior over all the weed control treatments. Among all the weed management treatments, weed free T8 (2 H.W. at 30 and 60 DAS) recorded significantly higher number of pod per plant. The maximum length of pod (12.20 cm) was recorded in T8 treatment, which was statistically at par with T¬5 and T4 and former treatment recorded significantly longer pod than rest of the treatments. The maximum girth of pod (1.37 cm), yield (1102kg/ha) and maximum harvest index (15.39%) was observed under T8 (2 HW at 30 & 60 DAS).
Repurposing the Ebola and Marburg Virus Inhibitors Tilorone, Quinacrine and Pyronaridine: In vitro Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Mechanisms

SARS-CoV-2 is a newly identified virus that has resulted in over 1.3 M deaths globally and over 59 M cases globally to date. Small molecule inhibitors that reverse disease severity have proven difficult to discover. One of the key approaches that has been widely applied in an effort to speed up the translation of drugs is drug repurposing. A few drugs have shown in vitro activity against Ebola virus and demonstrated activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vivo. Most notably the RNA polymerase targeting remdesivir demonstrated activity in vitro and efficacy in the early stage of the disease in humans. Testing other small molecule drugs that are active against Ebola virus would seem a reasonable strategy to evaluate their potential for SARS-CoV-2. We have previously repurposed pyronaridine, tilorone and quinacrine (from malaria, influenza, and antiprotozoal uses, respectively) as inhibitors of Ebola and Marburg virus in vitro in HeLa cells and of mouse adapted Ebola virus in mouse in vivo. We have now tested these three drugs in various cell lines (VeroE6, Vero76, Caco-2, Calu-3, A549-ACE2, HUH-7 and monocytes) infected with SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viruses (including MHV and HCoV 229E). The compilation of these results indicated considerable variability in antiviral activity observed across cell lines. We found that tilorone and pyronaridine inhibited the virus replication in A549-ACE2 cells with IC50 values of 180 nM and IC50 198 nM, respectively. We have also tested them in a pseudovirus assay and used microscale thermophoresis to test the binding of these molecules to the spike protein. They bind to spike RBD protein with Kd values of 339 nM and 647 nM, respectively. Human Cmax for pyronaridine and quinacrine is greater than the IC50 hence justifying in vivo evaluation. We also provide novel insights into their mechanism which is likely lysosomotropic.
Starch Transitions and their Influence on Flow Pattern During Single-Screw Extrusion Cooking of Rice Flour

The starch transitions and flow pattern of rice flour (40% moisture content) during singlescrew extrusion cooking at different temperatures have been investigated. In the first 21.5 cm of the extruder with a cooled barrel, the rice flour remained in powder form and moved easily. The flow of rice flour behaved as a plug flow reactor. At the end of the cooling zone, the swelling of starch granules resulted in a gradual increase in the degree of starch gelatinization which slowed down the flow of materials. Confirmed by the measurements of intrinsic viscosity and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), the degradation of starch molecules occurred simultaneously with the melting of starch granules in the heating zone. Increasing barrel temperature resulted in more starch degradation and longer residence time. The flow pattern was changed from a plug flow reactor to a continuous stirred tank reactor.
Evaluation of biophysical and optical determinations of light absorption by photosystem II in phytoplankton

Fast repetition rate (FRR) fluorescence can provide highly resolved estimates of light absorption by photosystem II (PSII), a variable that is critical to bio‐optical determinations of phytoplankton productivity. We compared estimates of chlorophyll a‐specific light absorption by PSII, achlPSII, using both biophysical (FRR) and optical (chlorophyll a‐specific light absorption coefficient, achl) techniques on cultures of phytoplankton from diverse taxa. Biophysical determinations of achlPSII were obtained from the product of the effective light absorption cross‐section of PSII (σPSII), measured by FRR fluorescence, and the ratio of PSII reaction centers to chlorophyll a (nPSII), measured by oxygen flash yields. Both parameters were highly variable between individual taxa. In mixtures of algae, the estimates of σPSII were largely determined by the taxon that dominated fluorescence intensity. Independent optical estimates of achlPSII were obtained by weighting the light absorption spectra of photosynthetic pigments by the fluorescence excitation spectra. The biophysical and optical estimates of achlPSII were highly correlated (r2 = 0.94) with a slope that was not significantly different from 1 and an intercept of 0. Estimates of productivity using biophysical or optical absorption measurements should therefore be comparable when the latter are adjusted to account for the proportion of light provided for photochemistry into both photosystem I and II. Finally, we show how simultaneous measurements of σPSII and achlPSII can be used to derive nPSII where flash‐yield measurements are impractical, as is almost universally the case in field measurements.
Response of benthic foraminifera to heavy metal contamination in marine sediments (Sicilian coasts, Mediterranean Sea)

To examine the suitability of benthic foraminifera and their test deformations as bioindicators of pollution in coastal marine environments, we studied foraminifera and metal concentrations in 72 marine sediment samples, collected from the inner shelf along the Sicilian coast (Gulfs of Palermo and Termini) and on the south-eastern coast of Lampedusa Island. These areas are characterised by different environmental conditions. On the basis of pollution sources and foraminiferal assemblages, we recognised different zones in the Gulf of Palermo. The most polluted zones showed high metal concentrations, and low diversity of benthic foraminifera with species typical of stressed environments. By contrast, the lowest polluted zones showed a high population density and the highest percentages of epiphytes. Epiphytes were abundant where a Posidonia oceanica meadow was present and decreased in the most polluted zones. Sediments of the Gulf of Termini and Lampedusa exhibited high percentages of benthic foraminifera typical of well-oxygenated waters and low concentrations of metals, with the exception of sites located near sewage outfalls and harbour areas. Furthermore, even though deformed tests are commonly known in natural stressed environmental conditions, this study shows that in the most polluted zones, benthic foraminifera were characterised by the highest percentages of deformed individuals.
A Linguistic Approach to Misinformation in Chinese

Identifying useful information is increasingly important and difficult. Correct information is crucial in when we make our decisions, regardless in finance/economy, health and politics. Yet, the amount of misinformation has been rising in all these aspects. Existing works primarily focus on the truthfulness of information using data in English, and either ignore unverifiable claims or categorize them with misinformation (also known as ‘fake news’). However, this approach often disregards misleading information or conspiracy, which can be as dangerous as verifiably wrong information. From a linguistic perspective, the present study analyzes headlines of 69,170 extracted articles in Chinese and identifies their linguistic features. Results show that misinformation in Chinese use emotive language and hyperbole to get readers’ attention, which echoes previous studies on clickbaits and shows that these tactics in misinformation are shared across languages. We further argue that these tactics are particularly obvious, when the articles are categorized based on the topics. Through an analysis of commonly used phrases and keywords, we discuss how the word list can be further developed into an identification system for misinformation.
%Variable-Temperature Studies of Order/Disorder Transitions in the Thiourea Pyridinium Halide Crystals by XRD and Solid-State 2H NMR

Variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray experiments have been performed on the thiourea pyridinium chloride, bromide, and iodide inclusion compounds. Two phases were found for the chloride, three for the bromide, and two for the iodide. As previously reported for the bromide, at room-temperature all three halides were found to form orthorhombic crystals in space group Cmcm. For each compound, the pyridinium cation is disordered in the square cross section thiourea channels. On cooling, the chloride undergoes a phase change between 200 and 230 K to give an orthorhombic form in Pbca with the a axis doubled and the pyridinium ions partially ordered. The bromide undergoes a phase change between 170 and 165 K to a partially ordered form in space group Cmc21 with the a axis tripled. A second phase change occurs between 140 and 150 K to a fully ordered phase in space group P21cn with cell dimensions approximately the same as the room-temperature form. The iodide undergoes a single-phase transition at 120−130 K.
Analytic bond-order potential for bcc and fcc iron—comparison with established embedded-atom method potentials

A new analytic bond-order potential for iron is presented that has been fitted to experimental data and results from first-principles calculations. The angular-dependent functional form allows a proper description of a large variety of bulk, surface and defect properties, including the Bain path, phonon dispersions, defect diffusivities and defect formation energies. By calculating Gibbs free energies of body-centred cubic (bcc) and face-centred cubic (fcc) iron as a function of temperature, we show that this potential is able to reproduce the transitions from α-iron to γ-iron and δ-iron before the melting point. The results are compared to four widely used embedded-atom-method potentials for iron.
High-redshift star formation in the Atacama large millimetre/submillimetre array era

The Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) is currently in the process of transforming our view of star-forming galaxies in the distant (z≳1) universe. Before ALMA, most of what we knew about dust-obscured star formation in distant galaxies was limited to the brightest submillimetre sources—the so-called submillimetre galaxies (SMGs)—and even the information on those sources was sparse, with resolved (i.e. sub-galactic) observations of the obscured star formation and gas reservoirs typically restricted to the most extreme and/or strongly lensed sources. Starting with the beginning of early science operations in 2011, the last 9 years of ALMA observations have ushered in a new era for studies of high-redshift star formation. With its long baselines, ALMA has allowed observations of distant dust-obscured star formation with angular resolutions comparable to—or even far surpassing—the best current optical telescopes. With its bandwidth and frequency coverage, it has provided an unprecedented look at the associated molecular and atomic gas in these distant galaxies through targeted follow-up and serendipitous detections/blind line scans. Finally, with its leap in sensitivity compared to previous (sub-)millimetre arrays, it has enabled the detection of these powerful dust/gas tracers much further down the luminosity function through both statistical studies of colour/mass-selected galaxy populations and dedicated deep fields. We review the main advances ALMA has helped bring about in our understanding of the dust and gas properties of high-redshift (z≳1) star-forming galaxies during these first 9 years of its science operations, and we highlight the interesting questions that may be answered by ALMA in the years to come.
Use of Film Scripts and Their Translations in Teaching English as a Foreign Language.

Although millions of EFL learners benefit from watching subtitled/captioned movies and TV shows in non-instructional settings, one almost untouched area is the development of strategies in benefiting from film scripts and their translated versions as well as audio language-subtitle combinations. This paper reports research subsequent to the researcher/teacher's guided work on the use of film scripts and their translated versions. The students guided were required to notice and list chunks as well as technical and creative use of language in these scripts with their immediate contexts. This was carried out comparing the original scripts and those translated in Turkish and do creative dialogue/anecdote writing focusing on appropriacy and variety in language use. However some students' self-reported lack of focus on the jargons and formal language. The research was conducted with 1-5 Likert type questionnaires and closed-ended yes/no questions. The participants, the students of the research/teacher of the present paper, are the undergraduate students taking advanced language skills course as part of the curriculum of their major, the English language and literature. The results demonstrated that the film scripts can be used to convert the input provided by the film scripts to intake and uptake and provide good examples regarding the application of own language use in ELT.
Persistence of 1,2-dibromoethane in soils: entrapment in intraparticle micropores

The soil fumigant 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB) was found in agricultural topsoils up to 19 years after its last known application. This residual EDB was highly resistant to both mobilization (desorption into air and water) and microbial degradation in contrast to freshly added EDB. Release of the residual EDB into aqueous solution was extremely slow at 25/sup 0/C but highly temperature dependent. Treatment of release as a radial diffusion process yielded effective intraparticle diffusivities of (2-8) x 10/sup -7/ cm/sup 2//s and half-equilibration times in a 1:2 soil-water suspension of 2-3 decades at 25/sup 0/C. Aerobic degradation of residual EDB by indigenous microbes was negligible after 38 days compared to rapid removal and mineralization of added (/sup 14/C)EDB. The release of residual EDB was greatly enhanced by pulverization of the soil. The results show that the residual EDB is trapped in soil micropores other than the interlayers of expandable clays where release is influenced by extreme tortuosity or steric restriction. 27 references, 7 figures, 2 tables.
Self-Organized Porous Titanium Oxide Prepared in H 2 SO 4 / HF Electrolytes

The formation of porous on titanium was investigated in electrolytes containing low concentrations of HF (0.05-0.4 wt %). Under optimized electrolyte conditions and extended polarization, highly ordered porous is obtained that consists of pore arrays with single pore diameter of 140 nm and a pore spacing of 150 nm. During the formation process, significant current oscillations are observed with an amplitude which depends strongly on the HF content of the electrolyte. Electrochemical, scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations show that the porous layer forms under a competition of formation and oxide dissolution up to a limiting thickness of and that the time scale for complete self-ordering for the investigated systems is in the order of several hours. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Chromatographic and spectroscopic data of all stereoisomers of eudesm -11- en -4-ol.

ABSTRACT Kovats indices and mass-, FTIR, 1-NMR- and 13C-NMR data were collected for all eight stereoisomers of eudesm-ll-en-4-ol, e.g. selin-ll-en-4α-ol, intermedeol, neointermedeol, paradisiol, amiteol. Differences in Kovats indices and mass spectral data of the various isomers are briefly discussed.
Reconstructing Event Regions for Event Extraction via Graph Attention Networks

Event information is usually scattered across multiple sentences within a document. The local sentence-level event extractors often yield many noisy event role filler extractions in the absence of a broader view of the document-level context. Filtering spurious extractions and aggregating event information in a document remains a challenging problem. Following the observation that a document has several relevant event regions densely populated with event role fillers, we build graphs with candidate role filler extractions enriched by sentential embeddings as nodes, and use graph attention networks to identify event regions in a document and aggregate event information. We characterize edges between candidate extractions in a graph into rich vector representations to facilitate event region identification. The experimental results on two datasets of two languages show that our approach yields new state-of-the-art performance for the challenging event extraction task.
Electrochemical studies in the rare earth series. Part 3.—Conductances of some 3-3 electrolytes in water and dioxan + water

Conductance measurements are reported for dilute solutions of LaCo(CN)/ sub 6/ in water and in 10 and 20 wt. % dioxane + water, and for the ferricyanides of La, Nd, and Gd in water. Dissociation constants have been evaluated and the calculation of alpha , the distandce of closest approach of ions, for LaCo(CN)/ sub 6/ has shown that a particular theory of ion association adequately describes the behavior of this electrolyte in the range of dielectric constants studied. The close similiarity in the dissociation constanta confirms the prediction that one would not expect to find large differences for a series of lanthanide saits in the same solvent. (auth)
Ion-selective properties of a small ionophore in methanol studied by free energy perturbation simulations

The ion-selective properties of the cyclic depsipeptide molecule valinomycin in methanol are studied by free energy perturbation molecular dynamics simulations. The dependence of the alkali cation selectivity on the dipole moment of the backbone carbonyl groups that ligate the ion is examined and found to behave in a systematic way. Since available force fields have not been parametrized for this type of ion-carbonyl interaction, the results are used to determine carbonyl partial charges that reproduce the observed selectivity quantitatively
A general synthesis strategy of multi-metallic nanoparticles within mesoporous titania via in situ photo-deposition

The design and preparation of efficient, stable and economical supported multi-metallic nanoparticles (MMNPs) has been a major direction in many applications especially in the catalysis area. The conventional methods for MMNP synthesis are generally complex and lack tight control over the composition. Herein, we report a simple and general method for the synthesis of MMNPs within extra-large three-dimensional mesoporous titania (EP-TiO2), based on a one-step, versatile in situ photo-deposition process. The successful simultaneous photo-deposition of multi-metallic precursors allows us to synthesize a series of supported MMNPs (AuPt/AuPd/PtPd/AuPtPd). The composition of MMNPs can be easily controlled by changing the initial molar ratio of metal precursors. Furthermore, the metal alloying process is carried out under low-temperature annealing in air, which benefits from the extra-large mesoporous networks of EP-TiO2 with significantly reduced particle-migration probability. For AuPt/EP-TiO2, a homogeneous alloy structure is obtained after annealing at 350 °C, with Au50Pt50 showing optimum activity in the catalytic combustion of n-hexane. It is expected that the one-step in situ photosynthesis of MMNPs within mesoporous materials has profound implications toward the design of better catalytic nano-architectures.
GELATION OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF DIBLOCK AND TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS OF ETHYLENE OXIDE AND 1,2-BUTYLENE OXIDE STUDIED BY 1H NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RELAXATION

1 H NMR longitudinal and transverse relaxation times have been measured as a function of temperature at 300 and 500 MHz for aqueous solutions of diblock and triblock copolymers of ethylene oxide (E) and 1,2-butylene oxide (B), encompassing micellar sol and gel phases. At the phase transitions from a micelle to a gel structure, transitions were observed in the relaxation times of the E block, consistent with gel formation by close packing of micelles at a spacing determined by the thermodynamic radius rather than the hydrodynamic radius. Transient nuclear Overhauser effects indicated that in the micelles there was considerable interpenetration of the E and B blocks at the core/fringe boundary. The relaxation times were analysed using a two-step correlation function. For the E block, the fast correlation time representing local segmental motions was little affected by gelation, whereas the slow correlation time representing larger-scale motions was much more affected. Towards the lowest temperatures studied (< 10 °C), the relaxation times of the B block indicated incipient micelle dissociation.
Use of Equations of State and Coarse Grained Simulations to Complement Experiments: Describing the Interfacial Properties of Carbon Dioxide + Decane and Carbon Dioxide + Eicosane Mixtures

We report surface tension measurements, coexisting densities, concentration profiles along the interfacial region, surface activities, and relative Gibbs adsorption isotherms for binary mixtures of carbon dioxide (CO2) + n-decane (n-C10H22) at 344.15 K and carbon dioxide (CO2) + n-eicosane (n-C20H42) at 323.15 K over a pressure range from 0.1 MPa to 10.35 MPa. The results are obtained by employing a broad approach that integrates experiments with both theory and molecular simulations to gain an enhanced multiscale description of the interfacial region. Measurements are based on the use of a high-pressure pendant drop tensiometer coupled to a high-pressure densimeter. Theoretical modeling is carried out using the Square Gradient Theory based on a version of the Statistical Associated Fluid Theory (SAFT-VR Mie) equation of state. At the molecular level, Molecular Dynamics is employed and molecules are represented by the SAFT-γ coarse-grained force field. The novelty here is that both the theory and the simu.