Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disentangling the evolutionary history of Veronica (Plantaginaceae) in southeastern Europe

Sudosteuropa ist ein Zentrum europaischer Biodiversitat. Uber Faktoren, die zur Entstehung dieses Artenreichtums gefuhrt haben, ist allerdings noch wenig bekannt. Diese Arbeit beschreibt anhand dreier Gruppen der Gattung Veronica (Plantaginaceae) die raumlich-zeitlichen Veranderungen sowie Evolution und Hybridisierungsmuster dieser Gruppen in Sudosteuropa. Zu diesem Zwecke verwenden wir Ploidiestufenbestimmung, molekulare Marker (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism [AFLP], plastide bzw. nukleare DNS-Sequenzen) und morphometrische Messungen. Veronica saturejoides, V. thessalica und V. erinoides bilden eine Gruppe nah verwandter alpiner Arten, die am Balkan endemisch ist. Eine auf DNS-Sequenzen aus dem Kerngenom und auf AFLPs aufbauende Phylogenie unterstutzt die Monophylie von V. saturejoides. Im Gegensatz dazu weisen DNS-Plastidenregionen auf eine nahere Verwandtschaft von V. saturejoides subsp. saturejoides und V. thessalica hin, was auf Introgression von V. thessalica zu V. saturejoides subsp. saturejoides hindeutet. Innerhalb der zytologisch variablen und taxonomisch komplexen Gruppe von Veronica chamaedrys, deren Taxa in verschiedenen Waldlandschaften vorkommen, sind sowohl di- als auch tetraploide Zytotypen weit verbreitet. Auf der sudlichen Balkanhalbinsel herrschen Diploide, die meinsten tetraploiden sind mehrmals durch Autopolyploidisierung entstanden. Zwei der beschriebenen Plastidenlinien decken sich mit geographisch voneinander getrennten AFLP-Gruppen, die genetischen Gruppen stimmen allerdings nicht mit der derzeitigen Taxomomie uberein. Insgesamt deuten die genetischen Daten auf glaziale Waldrefugien auf der sudlichsten Balkanhalbinsel (Griechenland), in Bulgarien, Istrien (Kroatien und Slowenien) und moglicherweise auch in den sudostlichen Karpaten (Rumanien) hin. Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachium sect. Pseudolysimachion hat ihr Diversitatszentrum in Sudosteuropa, ihre Arten V. barrelieri, V. orchidea und V. spicata kommen in Graslandschaften vor. Eine fruhe auf Kreuzungsversuchen basierende Hypothese, dass Hybridisierung bei der Sippenbildung dieser hochvariablen Sektion eine grose Rolle gespielt hat, wird durch unsere genetischen Daten unterstutzt. Etliche der auf der Balkanhalbinsel endemischen intraspezifischen Taxa sind tatsachlich solche Hybridformen, die es sowohl auf di- als auch auf tetraploider Ebene gibt. Alle drei Gruppen unterstreichen die Bedeutung von Hybridisierung und Polyploidisierung in der Evolution von Pflanzenarten in Sudosteuropa.
Chewing and ruminating with various forage qualities in nonlactating dairy cows

This study investigated Italian typical dry forage diets used in the Parmigiano Reggiano PDO (protected designation of origin) area of Italy. The first cutting is typically a mixture of alfalfa and native wild grasses, resulting in a unique forage nutrient content. Alfalfa makes up less than 10% in the first cut because herbicides are not commonly used. Wild grasses are predominant in such conditions, whereas in the subsequent cuts alfalfa content increases as grasses decrease because of agronomical and climatic characteristics. Six multiparous, nonlactating Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square to evaluate 3 different cuttings of alfalfa hay fed as the sole diet source. Eating and ruminating behavior were studied to investigate forage properties related to chewing activity. No differences were found in eating time; however, ruminating time per kilogram of physically effective NDF was greater when cows were fed firstcutting alfalfa than when they were fed the second or fifth cutting, despite similar digestibility and diet particle size of first- and fifth-cutting forage. In vivo digestibility of the diets revealed higher fecal NDF, ADF, and DM digestibility for first- and fifth-cutting hay. A similar trend was observed with the results of the in vitro data, with reduced digestibility for second-cutting forage.
Assessment of Outcome of Surgery in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Background: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) mobilizes calcium by increasing calcium resorption from bone and by raising calcium reabsorption in the proximal kidney tubule. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) results from inappropriate overproduction of parathyroid hormone from one or many parathyroid glands and presents with hypercalcemia. In the surgical management of PHP intraoperative PTH (IO-PTH) assays have been shown to improve the success of parathyroid gland surgery. Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) has replaced the traditional four-gland bilateral exploration as the procedure preferred by many institutions. Hence; the present study was undertaken for assessing the outcome of surgery in patients with PHP. Subjects and Methods: The present study included assessment of outcome of surgery in patients with PHP. Once the suspicious parathyroid was identified, careful dissection with blunt instruments was done to free gland from surrounding fascia. Bipolar was used to ligate the vascular supply and the specimen was removed. Patients with above mentioned inclusion criteria underwent preoperative localization with USG neck and technetium Tc-99m (99mTc) Sestamibi scan (CT/ MRI Neck when required). Based on results of MIBI and USG neck, the findings were defined as concordant and discordant. Patients with concordant findings of USG neck and Sestamibi scan underwent MIP. All the results were summarized in Microsoft excel sheet and were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: CT/MRI was done in only 4 patients where 50% of the patients showed involvement of right superior and inferior glands. Minimal invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) was done in 95.2% patients (20/21) while bilateral neck exploration (BNE) was done in only 1 case of multiple adenoma. The USG neck (n=20) was able to accurately localize abnormal parathyroid glands in 17 patients (85%). Conclusion: In patients undergoing surgical treatment for PHP, Minimal Invasive Parathyroidectomy has excellent prognosis.
Net rate of energy intake predicts reach-level steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) densities in diverse basins from a large monitoring program

Substantial research effort has been devoted to understanding stream-dwelling salmonids’ use of summer rearing and growth habitat, with a subset of studies focusing on foraging position selection and the energetic trade-offs of differential habitat use. To date, however, cost–benefit analyses for most foraging model studies have focused on small sampling areas such as individual habitat units. To address this knowledge gap, we applied a mechanistic foraging model to 22 stream reaches (100–400 m) from two watersheds within the Columbia River Basin. We found a strong, positive correlation (R2 = 0.61, p < 0.001) between predicted carrying capacities and observed fish densities. Predicted proportion of suitable habitat was weakly correlated with observed fish density (R2 = 0.18, p = 0.051), but the mean net rate of energy intake prediction in sampling reaches was not a significant predictor of observed fish biomass. Our results suggest spatial configuration of habitat, in addition to quantity and quality, is .
FEATURES PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY NEEDLES INTRODUCED SPECIES PICEA A. DIETR. IN THE ARBORETUM MOUNTAIN TAIGA STATION

) свидетельствует об адаптационной сбалансированно-сти фотосинтетического аппарата инорайонных видов к световому режиму, климатическим и природным условиям дендрария Горнотаёжной станции. Полученные данные расширяют представление о пигментном комплексе интродуцированных елей и могут быть использованы для диагностики состояния фотосинтети-ческого аппарата. Ключевые слова
Relationship of Perceived Organizational Support with Secondary School Teachers' Performance.

The major purpose of this correlational study was to analysethe relationship of perceived organizational support with secondary school teachers’ performance. The population of the study consisted of secondary school teachers working in Punjab. The researchers used convenience sampling technique. The study was survey in techniques thus two questionnaires namely POSI and TPES were used to collect the data. The collected data were tabulated and analysed through SPSS version 20. The results showed that the perceived organizational support has significant relationship with teachers’ performance. The researchers recommended that organization should provide support to the teachers so that teachers’ performance may be enhanced positively.
The Co-Ordination of Insect Movements: 11. The Effect of Limb Amputation and the Cutting of Commissures In The Cockroach (Blatta Oiuentalis)

I. The effects of limb amputation and the cutting of commissures on the movements of the cockroach Blatta orientalis have been investigated with the aid of cinematography. Detailed analyses of changes in posture and rhythm of leg movements are given. 2. It is shown that quite marked changes occur following the amputation of a single leg or the cutting of a single commissure between the thoracic ganglia. 3. Changes following the amputation of a single leg are immediate and are such that the support normally provided by the missing leg is taken over by the two remaining legs on that side. Compensatory movements are also found in the contralateral legs. 4. When two legs of opposite sides are amputated it has been confirmed that the diagonal sequence tends to be adopted, but this is not invariably true. Besides alterations in the rhythm which this may involve, there are again adaptive modifications in the movements of the limbs with respect to the body. 5. When both comrnissures between the meso- and metathoracic ganglia are cut, the hind pair of legs fall out of rhythm with the other four legs. The observations on the effects of cutting commissures stress the importance of intersegmental pathways in co-ordination. 6. It is shown that all modifications following the amputation of legs may be related to the altered mechanical conditions. Some of the important factors involved in normal co-ordination are discussed, and it is suggested that the altered movements would be produced by the operation of these factors under the new conditions. It is concluded that the sensory inflow to the central nervous system is of major importance in the co-ordination of normal movement.
Detection of hbl, nhe and bceT Toxin Genes in Bacillus cereus Isolates by Multiplex PCR

A B S T R A C T Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of hemolytic (hblA, hblC and hblD) and non-hemolytic enterotoxin (nheA, nheB and nheC) genes in Bcillus cereus strains isolated from milk and milk product collected from local markets. The study revealed that the percentage of these genes in B. cereus isolates were 22.58, 51.61, 9.67, 90.32, 58.06 and 54.83% respectively. Enterotoxin (bceT) gene was not detected in the studied isolates.
Spatio-temporal variability of amphipod assemblages associated with rhodolith seabeds

Rhodolith seabeds are habitats underpinned by free-living calcareous macroalgae. We partitioned the relevance of the scale of temporal (four seasons throughout two successive years) and spatial (three depth strata: 18, 25 and 40 m) variation on the diversity, structure and abundance of amphipod assemblages living in rhodolith seabeds from Gran Canaria Island. In total, 3996 individuals, belonging to 32 taxa, were identified. Multivariate analyses showed consistent differences in assemblage structure among seasons and depths; more diverse and abundant amphipod assemblages were often observed during spring at 18- and 25-m than at 40-m depth. Ovigerous females of Gammaropsis ostroumowi and Ampithoe ramondi were observed mainly at 18 and 25 m. Juveniles of both species were exclusively recorded at 18 and 25 m, so denoting a clear segregation in their population structure with depth. In summary, this study has demonstrated that the ecological pattern of amphipods associated with rhodolith seabeds can vary greatly across both time (seasons) and space (depth).
Effect of plant density on competition between soft wheat Triticum aestivium and wild oat Avena fatua.

The competition between two soft wheat species (Tritium aestivum) and wild Oat( Avena fatua) in pure and mixed stands experiments were carried out in pots, green house in College of Science / University of Salahaddin during 1 December 2011 to 7April 2012. For wheat plant, the concerned plant characteristics were: plant height, number of tillers/plant, length of flag leaves, length of spikes, number of grains/spike, total shoot dry weight are concerned. For wild Oat the concerned plant characteristics were: Plant height, number of tillers/plant, length of flag leave, length of inflorescence, number of seeds/ inflorescence, total shoot dry weight. The results indicated that in both species the growth characterized and yield components were affected by increasing plant density. The vegetation growth, yield components and competitive ability of wheat was higher in low densities in comparison with wild Oat, while that of wild Oat was in adverse direction. Also plant growth characteristics and competition ability was increased at high density. Wheat had double competitive ability than Oat at extreme high density, while Oat was more competitive than wheat at low density.
Varietal Screening of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) under Organic Production System for Fruit Quality and Yield in Mid-Hills of Sikkim Himalayas

Experiments were conducted at ICAR Sikkim Centre, Tadong at an elevation of 1400 m amsl during 2006–09 to study the performance of 11 strawberry varieties in the mid-hills of Sikkim Himalayas. Observations on vegetative parameters, fruit quality and yield were recorded for the selected varieties. The highest fruiting stalk/plant (11.67) was recorded in Chandler followed by Ofra (10.87). Maximum number of runners were in Hasta and Etna (14 and 14, respectively). Fruits/infl orescence were highest in Seascab (7.67). Fruit diameter was highest in Blackmore (3.30 cm) followed by Ofra (3.16 cm) whereas the fruit length was longest in Ofra and Chandler (4.97 and 4.94 cm, respectively). Maximum fruit weight (20 g) was recorded in Ofra. Highest TSS (7.20%) and total sugar (6.18) were recorded in Elsanta. Lowest acidity (0.89 %) was observed in Chandle followed by Ofra and Selva. Highest yield (37.2 t/ha) was recorded in Ofra, and the maximum marketable yield and B:C ratio were recorded in Chandler (32.6 t/ha and 2.26, respectively).
Determinants of bird species richness in public green spaces

Capsule Bird species richness showed consistent positive correlations with site area and rough grass. Aim To determine those features of parks and other public green spaces that are of most importance in promoting bird species richness and to use this information to make recommendations for management of these areas. Methods Birds were counted in parks and other public green spaces within Greater London. Three survey visits were made in each of the periods summer 2002 and 2003 and winter 2002/03 and 2003/04. Habitat data were also collected. Results Site area was the most consistently significant variable related (positively) to total species richness. There were also positive effects of waterbodies and rough grass (including nettles and weed-rich areas). Species richness increased with a greater proportion of adjacent gardens in sites <1 ha in size. There were negative associations with the presence of buildings. When considered by species group (woodland species, farmland species and habitat generalists), results were very similar to those for total species richness, except that there were no significant associations with presence of waterbodies. Conclusion Bird species richness is likely to be enhanced by increasing site area, and providing rough grass and waterbodies in urban green spaces. Such information could be especially useful in designing green spaces in new residential developments to maximize avian diversity. Surrounding habitats are also crucial determinants of bird species richness in parks.
Co-Creation Experience-Based Modeling in E-Commerce Business: Entrepreneur Survival Strategy

The development of e-commerce has posed challenges and opportunities to women entrepreneurs who deal with e-commerce business, especially those in Small Medium Scale companies. It is important to drive women entrepreneurs for economic development because it improves competitiveness, increases the number of women in labour force (social equality), encourages innovation and widens market coverage. This study aims to evaluate the success of e-commerce business managed by women entrepreneurs by offering experience aspect to consumers through the model of co-creation experience (antecedent and consequence). The study employs verification and descriptive design. It involved 321 participants who bought online products produced by SMEs in market places (BukaLapak.com and Tokopedia.com). By utilizing SEM-Lisrel, the model of this study proves that the level of technologization and the level of connectivity have a strong effect on co-creation experience that can encourage the degree of co-creation and satisfaction as well as behavioral intention. For further research, women entrepreneurs who run e-commerce business must consider how far customer readiness can become an obstacle that can affect intention to repurchase through co-creation which in this study has insignificant effect.
Using Sentinel-2 Data to Predict Nitrogen Uptake in Maize Crop

Maize nitrogen uptake map can give growers a good opportunity in order to have valuable information regarding the efficiency of nitrogen usage in their field. The spectral information of Sentinel-2 satellite data can be used for estimating maize nitrogen uptake. In this article, Sentinel-2 data as an efficient tool were used to assess the usage of vegetation indices over three years (2017–2019), in three different locations and growing conditions to compute crop nitrogen uptake. These types of data can be used for developing an array of precision agriculture applications. Three different farms located in various climate conditions have opted for this research. For each farm, ten reference points in each year were selected to estimate a maize nitrogen uptake predictive model and use for evaluation procedure (30% of field data was for accuracy assessment and the rest of them for model prediction). At peak greenness (peak biomass) date, eight spectral vegetation indices were used for determining maize nitrogen uptake. Among these vegetation indices, simple ratio red-edge had the highest performance. It could be confirmed from the highest <italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup> and the lowest root-mean-squared error (RMSE) values (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R^2} = \text{0.91}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\rm{RMSE}} = \text{11.34 kg/ha}$</tex-math></inline-formula>). Implementing this model in three different sites under various conditions proved the most top performance and accuracy of it. As a result, using near-infrared and red-edge bands in vegetation indices would be the better predictor for maize nitrogen uptake.
Fats in pig diets : beyond their contribution to energy content

Summary This paper describes the results and implications of recent studies on the effects of level and type of dietary fat on performance of growing pigs and reproducing sows. In the USA, the concept of fat has changed from one of a feed ingredient to one of a means for enhancing the performance of pigs in the final weeks of the commercial production process. The results presented in the paper demonstrate how the addition of fat to high–energy diets increases growth rate and improves feed efficiency to a level in excess of that which would be expected from the increase in dietary energy content alone. The inclusion of dietary fat during a specific period of growth affects subsequent performance. When fat is removed from the diet, the pig continues to eat as though the diet still contains fat. The consequent effect is a transitory reduction in growth rate that can persist for as long as seven weeks. These results call into question the nutritional strategies that are currently used for growing pigs in most parts of the world. The paper briefly discusses the effects of fibre and fat on pig performance and those of n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on sow reproduction. A number of examples are given which show that a reduction in the ratio of n–6 fatty acids to n–3 fatty acids in the diets of lactating sows and the diets of gilts before mating increased subsequent litter size. Taken together, these results suggest that fat has a lot more to offer nutritionists and the pig industry than a high–energy ingredient. The mechanisms underlying the apparent extra calorific value of fat in diets for growing pigs and the effects of n–3 fatty acids on reproduction remain to be established. Nevertheless, recent research sheds a new light on concepts of fat and offers a simple strategy for enhancing the efficiency and profitability of pig production.
MAJOR PHENOLIC ACIDS OF LOCAL AND EXOTIC MINT GERMPLASM GROWN IN ISLAMABAD

Phenolic acids have gained considerable interest during the past few years, owing to their potential health benefits from antiallergenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. During this investigation, selected phenolic acid (caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid and eugenol) concentrations were determined in fifteen local and exotic mint genotypes grown in the Islamabad area, using reverse phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Statistically significant (p>0.01) differences in concentrations were observed for caffeic, rosmarinic and ferulic acid while eugenol concentrations showed non-significant variation. Rosmarinic and caffeic acid were the major phenolic acids detected in mint germplasm. Ferulic acid was also detected in considerable concentrations in local mint cultivars. The presented data suggest that mints have the potential to be used as dietary sources of caffeic, rosmarinic and ferulic acids.
Life History, Diet, Abundance and Distribution, and Length-Frequencies of Selected Invertebrates in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park, Florida

This report presents information on the life history, diet, abundance and distribution, and length-frequency distributions of five invertebrates in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park. Collections were made with an otter trawl in basins on a bi-monthly basis. Non-parametric statistics were used to test spatial and temporal differences in the abundance of invertebrates when numbers were appropriate (i. e., $25). Invertebrate species are presented in four sections. The sections on Life History, and Diet were derived from the literature. The section on Abundance and Distribution consists of data from otter-trawl collections. In addition, comparisons with other studies are included here following our results. The section on Length-frequency Distributions consists of length measurements from all collections, except 1984-1985 when no measurements were taken. Length-frequency distributions were used, when possible, to estimate life stage captured, spawning times, recruitment into Florida Bay for those species which spawn outside the Bay, and growth. Additional material from the literature was added when appropriate. (PDF contains 39 pages)