Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Experience of Meaningful Coincidences Is Associated with Stronger Alpha Power Increases during an Eyes-closed Resting Condition: A Bayesian Replication Approach

Abstract Recognizing and perceiving meaningful patterns in an ever-changing environment is fundamental to (human) beings. Apophenia, patternicity, and the propensity to perceive meaningful coincidences might result from the human brain working as a prediction machine that constantly matches sensory information to prior expectations. The propensity for Type I errors varies between people and, at its extreme, is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia. However, on a nonclinical level seeing meaning in randomness might be benevolent and was found to be associated with creativity and openness. However, hardly any neuroscientific investigation has examined EEG patterns of the propensity to experience meaningful coincidences in this manner. We hypothesized deviations in brain functions as one potential reason why some people experience more meaning in random arrangements than others. The gating by inhibition theory suggests that alpha power increases represent basic control mechanisms of sensory processes during varying task requirements. We found that people perceiving more meaningful coincidences had higher alpha power during an eyes-closed versus eyes-opened condition compared with people experiencing less meaningful coincidences. This indicates deviations in the sensory inhibition mechanism of the brain, which are critically relevant for higher cognitive functions. Applying Bayesian statistics, we replicated this finding in another independent sample.
Dusty Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei: Reconciling Observations with Models

This Letter presents a revised radiative transfer model for the infrared (IR) emission of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). While current models assume that the IR is emitted from a dusty torus in the equatorial plane of the AGNs, spatially resolved observations indicate that the majority of the IR emission from ≲100 pc in many AGNs originates from the polar region, contradicting classical torus models. The new model CAT3D-WIND builds upon the suggestion that the dusty gas around the AGNs consists of an inflowing disk and an outflowing wind. Here, it is demonstrated that (1) such disk+wind models cover overall a similar parameter range of observed spectral features in the IR as classical clumpy torus models, e.g., the silicate feature strengths and mid-IR spectral slopes, (2) they reproduce the 3–5 μm bump observed in many type 1 AGNs unlike torus models, and (3) they are able to explain polar emission features seen in IR interferometry, even for type 1 AGNs at relatively low inclination, as demonstrated for NGC3783. These characteristics make it possible to reconcile radiative transfer models with observations and provide further evidence of a two-component parsec-scale dusty medium around AGNs: the disk gives rise to the 3–5 μm near-IR component, while the wind produces the mid-IR emission. The model SEDs will be made available for download.
Early dynamic changes in iPSC oxygen consumption rate predict future cardiomyocyte differentiation

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for reducing the mortality of cardiovascular disease by cellular replacement of infarcted cardiomyocytes (CMs). CM differentiation via iPSCs is a lengthy multiweek process and is highly subject to batch‐to‐batch variability, presenting challenges in current cell manufacturing contexts. Real‐time, label‐free control quality attributes (CQAs) are required to ensure efficient iPSC‐derived CM manufacturing. In this work, we report that live oxygen consumption rate measurements are highly predictive CQAs of CM differentiation outcome as early as the first 72 h of the differentiation protocol with an accuracy of 93%. Oxygen probes are already incorporated in commercial bioreactors, thus methods presented in this work are easily translatable to the manufacturing setting. Detecting deviations in the CM differentiation trajectory early in the protocol will save time and money for both manufacturers and patients, bringing iPSC‐derived CM one step closer to clinical use.
EQUIVALENT PLATE MODEL OF CURVILINEAR STIFFENED PANELS

This manuscript presents the derivation of a systematic set of equations for the evaluation of equivalent plate model of curvilinear stiffened panels. The homogenized properties of the stiffened panel are derived by first imposing kinematic equivalence between the stiffener's strains and the strains of the equivalent layer, and then equating the strain energy density among the stiffeners and the equivalent layer among the real and the equivalent structure. The derivation is based on the first-order transverse-shear deformation theory for anisotropic plates (Reissner-Mindlin type). The stiffeners are modelled consistently using the FSDT beam theory (Timoshenko). It has been demonstrated that, if the stiffener are curvilinear, the derivation can be extended in order to derive the apparent engineering constants of the stiffened layer. A comparative study has been performed to evaluate the number of sub-cells necessary to approach the asymptotic value of the stiffnesses. The effect of the stiffeners' geometry onto the engineering constant has been investigated. To assess the validity of the proposed method, a comparative study of the buckling loads obtained with a 2D shell model and those obtained with the equivalent plate/material model is carried out.
Kinetics of the in vivo genotoxic and radioprotective effects of methyl gallate and epigallocatechin gallate

The aim of this study was to compare the kinetics of the in vivo action of equimolar doses of methyl gallate (MG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on their capacity to induce DNA damage and to protect against DNA damage induced by 60Co gamma rays. DNA‐damaged cells were determined by single‐cell gel electrophoresis (comets) in murine peripheral blood leukocytes. The maximum radioprotective effects of MG and EGCG (approximately 70%) occurred at 15 min after administration when their effect was determined 2 min following irradiation. MG and EGCG have similar radioprotective indexes, which due to their fast response indicate that they are involved in free radical scavenging. Due to the similar radioprotective activities of MG and EGCG, the in vivo radioprotective effects of these agents do not seem to be dependent on the number of hydroxyl groups present in their structures but instead on the presence of the galloyl radical. EGCG induces an early, significant, and persistent increase in the number of DNA‐damaged cells and a later and more important increase in the number of damaged cells, suggesting that it has two mechanisms by which it can induce DNA damage. MG at the same molar dose as EGCG caused a significant and persistent increase in DNA damaged cells but to a much lesser extent to that induce by EGCG, suggesting that the galloyl radical is not involved in the mechanism of DNA breaks induction.
Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome with an Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis Caused by a Dislocated Clavicle Fracture: A Case Report

Patient: Male, 29-year-old Final Diagnosis: Venous thoracic outlet syndrome Symptoms: Chest pain Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Orthopedics and Traumatology Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Clavicle fractures are a relatively common injury, and are not problematic when occurring alone. Venous thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is generally caused by compression of the subclavian vein between the first rib and oblique muscles, and is often complicated by the presence of upper extremities deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT). Herein, we present a case of venous TOS complicated with UEDVT due to a dislocated clavicle fracture. Case Report: A 29-year-old man was injured in a motorcycle accident. The patient’s right clavicle was fractured, and the distal part of the fracture had dislocated into his right thorax. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed an obstruction of the subclavian vein by the dislocated clavicle and thrombus on the distal side of the obstruction. Anticoagulant therapy was not indicated because of other injuries, such as traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. No vena cava filter was placed in the superior vena cava owing to the relatively low volume of the thrombus. Alternatively, intermittent pneumatic compression to the right forearm was initiated. On day 6, surgical reduction of the clavicle was performed. The thrombus remained after the reduction. The patient received anticoagulation therapy with heparin followed by oral anticoagulants. The patient was discharged without any complications of UEDVT or bleeding. Conclusions: Venous TOS with UEDVT caused by trauma is rare. Anticoagulation therapy, pneumatic limb compression, and vena cava filter placement should be considered according to the degree of the obstruction and other associated injuries.
The Effect of Different Types of Collagen Membranes on Peri-Implant Dehiscence Defects

Aim: This experimental study aimed to compare the bone-implant contact (BIC) following guided bone regeneration with 3 bioabsorbable collagen membranes on peri-implant dehiscence defects. Methods: Forty-eight standard dehiscence defects were created in the sheep iliac bone crest, and dental implants were placed into the defects. With the guided bone regeneration technique, the autogenous graft was placed into the defect and covered with different types of membranes: Geistlich Bio-Gide, Ossix Plus, and Symbios Prehydrated were covered. One group was left without a membrane as the control group (C) by applying only an autogenous graft. After recovery periods of 3 and 6 weeks, the experimental animals were sacrificed. Histologic sections were prepared by a nondecalcified method, and BIC was examined. Results: There was no statistically important difference between groups in the third week (P>0.05). A statistically significant difference between groups was found in the sixth week (P<0.01). Bone-implant contact values of the C group were significantly lower than those of the Geistlich Bio-Gide and Ossix Plus groups (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between control and Symbios Prehydrated groups (P>0.05). In all sections, osseointegration was observed, with no signs of inflammation, necrosis, or foreign body reaction. Conclusion: In our study, it has been concluded that the resorbable collagen membranes used in treating peri-implant dehiscence defects might affect the BIC, and the success varies according to the type of membrane used.
Polynomial maps in two variables with smoothness on one line

ABSTRACT Let F be a polynomial map in two variables over the complex field with nonzero constant Jacobian. Abhyankar proved that if F is smooth on generic lines then F is invertible. We sharpen Abhyankar’s result by proving that if F(𝕃) is smooth on one line 𝕃 then F is invertible. Criterion for smoothness of F(𝕃) is also discussed.
Feature-based Attentional Amplitude Modulations of the Steady-state Visual Evoked Potentials Reflect Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Changes in Feature-sensitive Visual Areas

Abstract Recent EEG studies have investigated basic principles of feature-based attention by means of frequency-tagged random dot kinematograms in which different colors are simultaneously presented at different temporal frequencies to elicit steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). These experiments consistently showed global facilitation of the to-be-attended random dot kinematogram—a basic principle of feature-based attention. SSVEP source estimation suggested that posterior visual cortex from V1 to area hMT+/V5 is broadly activated by frequency-tagged stimuli. What is presently unknown is whether the feature-based attentional facilitation of SSVEPs is a rather unspecific neural response including all visual areas that follow the “on/off,” or whether SSVEP feature-based amplitude enhancements are driven by activity in visual areas most sensitive to a specific feature, such as V4v in the case of color. Here, we leverage multimodal SSVEP-fMRI recordings in human participants and a multidimensional feature-based attention paradigm to investigate this question. Attending to shape produced significantly greater SSVEP-BOLD covariation in primary visual cortex compared with color. SSVEP-BOLD covariation during color selection increased along the visual hierarchy, with greatest values in areas V3 and V4. Importantly, in area hMT+/V5, we found no differences between shape and color selection. Results suggest that SSVEP amplitude enhancements in feature-based attention is not an unspecific enhancement of neural activity in all visual areas following the “on/off. ” These findings open new avenues to investigating neural dynamics of competitive interactions in specific visual areas sensitive to a certain feature in a more economical way and better temporal resolution compared with fMRI.
Deep Generalized Learning Model for PET Image Reconstruction

Low-count positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is challenging because of the ill-posedness of this inverse problem. Previous studies have demonstrated that deep learning (DL) holds promise for achieving improved low-count PET image quality. However, almost all data-driven DL methods suffer from fine structure degradation and blurring effects after denoising. Incorporating DL into the traditional iterative optimization model can effectively improve its image quality and recover fine structures, but little research has considered the full relaxation of the model, resulting in the performance of this hybrid model not being sufficiently exploited. In this paper, we propose a learning framework that deeply integrates DL and an alternating direction of multipliers method (ADMM)-based iterative optimization model. The innovative feature of this method is that we break the inherent forms of the fidelity operators and use neural networks to process them. The regularization term is deeply generalized. The proposed method is evaluated on simulated data and real data. Both the qualitative and quantitative results show that our proposed neural network method can outperform partial operator expansion-based neural network methods, neural network denoising methods and traditional methods.
Pulmonary rehabilitation assessment in COPD based on the ICF brief core set: a latent profile analysis

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most burdened chronic respiratory disease in the world, resulting in a reduced quality of life and limited physical activity for patients. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective therapy for COPD. Effective PR relies on an accurate pulmonary rehabilitation program. An adequate pre-rehabilitation assessment helps healthcare professionals to develop an accurate pulmonary rehabilitation program. However, pre-rehabilitation assessment strategies lack specific selection criteria and an assessment of the patient’s overall functioning. Methods This study explored the functional characteristics of COPD patients before pulmonary rehabilitation and collected COPD patients from October 2019 to March 2022. A cross-sectional survey of 237 patients was conducted using the ICF brief core set as the study tool. Latent profile analysis identified subgroups of patients with different rehabilitation needs based on body function and activity participation. Results Four subgroups of functional dysfunction were identified: 5.42%, 21.03%, 29.44%, and 34.11% in the high dysfunction group, the moderate dysfunction group, the lower-middle dysfunction but high mobility impairment group, and the low dysfunction group, respectively. Patients in the high dysfunction group were older, had a higher proportion of widowed spouses, and experienced more exacerbation. Most patients in the low-dysfunction group did not use inhaled medication and had a lower participation rate in oxygen therapy. Patients with a more severe disease classification and symptom burden mostly belonged to the high dysfunction group. Conclusions COPD patients require an adequate assessment before implementing a pulmonary rehabilitation program to determine their rehabilitation needs. The four subgroups were heterogeneous in terms of the degree of functional impairment in body function and activity participation. Patients in the high dysfunction group can improve basic cardiorespiratory fitness; patients in the moderate dysfunction group should focus on improving cardiorespiratory endurance and muscle fitness, patients in the lower-middle-dysfunction but high mobility impairment group should focus on improving mobility and patients in the low functional disability group should focus more on preventive measures. Healthcare providers can tailor rehabilitation programs to the functional impairments of patients with different characteristics. Trial registration This study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2000040723).
Potential Threats and Impediments to the Clinical Practice of Brain Death Determination

The Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA) revision series in Neurology® originated in response to the plan of the Uniform Law Commission to create a revised Uniform Determination of Death Act (rUDDA) to address contemporary controversies associated with brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) determination. This article contextualizes these, and other, controversies and reviews the extent to which they represent potential threats and impediments to the clinical practice of BD/DNC determination. It also explains the reasons that our rapidly evolving understanding of the brain's ability to recover from injury should not influence the clinical practice of BD/DNC determination. Finally, it explores the myriad ways in which the American Academy of Neurology has addressed potential threats and impediments to the clinical practice of BD/DNC determination and the implications potential changes to the UDDA may have on the future of the clinical practice of BD/DNC determination.
Statistical algorithms for models in state space form: SsfPack 3.0

SsfPack™ (Extended) version 3.0 is a suite of C routines for carrying out computations involving the statistical analysis of univariate and multivariate models in state space form with easy-to-use functions for Ox. SsfPack requires Ox 4 or above to run. SsfPack allows for a full range of different state space forms: from a simple time-invariant model to a complicated multivariate time-varying model. Functions are provided to put standard models such as SARIMA, unobserved components, time-varying regressions and cubic spline models into state space form. Basic functions are available for filtering, moment smoothing and simulation smoothing. Ready-to-use functions are provided for standard tasks such as likelihood evaluation, forecasting and signal extraction. SsfPack can be used for implementing, fitting and analysing Gaussian models relevant to many areas of econometrics and statistics. It provides all relevant tools for the treatment of non-Gaussian and nonlinear state space models. In particular, tools are available to implement simulation based estimation methods such as importance sampling and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods.
PT-symmetric dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates : embedding in a Hermitian system and higher-order exceptional points

Open double-well Bose-Einstein condensate systems use complex potentials to describe the inand and outfluxes of atoms. The imaginary part of the potentials allows for the effective description of inand out-coupling of particles. If such systems exhibit balanced gain and loss, they are effectively described by a non-Hermitian PT -symmetric Hamiltonian. PT -symmetric states obeying parity and time reversal symmetry have been shown to exist. In the first part of this work, the question is tackled of how the inand outfluxes can be realized by introducing a Hermitian system in which two PT -symmetric subsystems are embedded. This system no longer requires an inand outcoupling into and from the environment. We show that the subsystems still have PT -symmetric states. In addition we examine what degree of detail is necessary to correctly model the PT symmetric properties and the bifurcation structure of such a system. We examine a four-mode matrix model and a system described by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in one dimension. The comparison shows that a simple matrix model correctly describes the qualitative properties of the system. For sufficiently isolated potential wells there is also quantitative agreement with the spatial extended system descriptions. We also investigate which properties must be fulfilled by the wave functions of a system to allow for PT -symmetric states. In particular, the requirements for the phase difference between different parts of the system are examined. In addition we show which probability currents occur in the closed Hermitian system. In the second part of this work, the bifurcation structure of stationary states in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate located in an external PT -symmetric potential is investigated. To unveil the complete bifurcation structure and the properties of the exceptional points we perform an analytical continuation of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We use an elegant and numerically efficient method for the analytical continuation of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with dipolar interactions by making use of bicomplex numbers. The Bose-Einstein condensate with dipolar interaction shows
Suppression of NLR-mediated plant immune detection by bacterial pathogens

Abstract The plant immune system is constituted of two functionally interdependent branches that provide the plant with an effective defense against microbial pathogens. They can be considered separate since one detects extracellular pathogen-associated molecular patterns by means of receptors on the plant surface, while the other detects pathogen-secreted virulence effectors via intracellular receptors. Plant defense depending on both branches can be effectively suppressed by host-adapted microbial pathogens. In this review we focus on bacterially driven suppression of the latter, known as effector-triggered immunity (ETI) and dependent on diverse NOD-like receptors (NLRs). We examine how some effectors secreted by pathogenic bacteria carrying type III secretion systems can be subject to specific NLR-mediated detection, which can be evaded by the action of additional co-secreted effectors (suppressors), implying that virulence depends on the coordinated action of the whole repertoire of effectors of any given bacterium and their complex epistatic interactions within the plant. We consider how ETI activation can be avoided by using suppressors to directly alter compromised co-secreted effectors, modify plant defense-associated proteins, or occasionally both. We also comment on the potential assembly within the plant cell of multi-protein complexes comprising both bacterial effectors and defense protein targets.
Light drives the developmental progression of outer retinal function

In this study, Bonezzi et al. characterize the photoresponsivity of retinal cells during the development of light- and dark-reared mice. They find that retinal photoreceptors are responsive at postnatal day 8 (P8), second-order cells transmit photoreceptor input at P9, and that light shapes the maturation of photoreceptor signaling pathways.