Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incentivizing advanced mathematics study at upper secondary level: the case of bonus points in Ireland

ABSTRACT Secondary level mathematics education in Ireland has recently experienced a period of significant change with the introduction of new curricula and the addition of an incentive to study upper secondary mathematics at the most advanced level (Higher Level). This incentive, typically referred to as ‘bonus points’, appears to have aided a significant increase in the number of students studying upper secondary mathematics at Higher Level. However, thematic analysis of interviews with experienced upper secondary mathematics examiners and exploration of mathematics diagnostic test data outlined in this paper suggest that the difficulty of the Higher Level upper secondary mathematics final examination in Ireland has reduced since the introduction of the bonus points initiative. The sharp increase in students attempting this examination coupled with a policy of maintaining a consistent proportion of students achieving passing grades was identified as a key reason for this possible reduction in standards.
First assessment of the earth heat inventory within CMIP5 historical simulations

Abstract. The energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere over the last century has caused an accumulation of heat within the ocean, the continental subsurface, the atmosphere and the cryosphere. Although ∼90 % of the energy gained by the climate system has been stored in the ocean, the other components of the Earth heat inventory cannot be neglected due to their influence on associated climate processes dependent on heat storage, such as sea level rise and permafrost stability. However, there has not been a comprehensive assessment of the heat inventory within global climate simulations yet. Here, we explore the ability of 30 advanced general circulation models (GCMs) from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to simulate the distribution of heat within the Earth's energy reservoirs for the period 1972–2005 of the Common Era. CMIP5 GCMs simulate an average heat storage of 247±172 ZJ ( 96±4 % of total heat content) in the ocean, 5±9 ZJ ( 2±3 %) in the continental subsurface, 2±3 ZJ ( 1±1 %) in the cryosphere and 2±2 ZJ ( 1±1 %) in the atmosphere. However, the CMIP5 ensemble overestimates the ocean heat content by 83 ZJ and underestimates the continental heat storage by 9 ZJ and the cryosphere heat content by 5 ZJ, in comparison with recent observations. The representation of terrestrial ice masses and the continental subsurface, as well as the response of each model to the external forcing, should be improved in order to obtain better representations of the Earth heat inventory and the partition of heat among climate subsystems in global transient climate simulations.
The Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing on Social Capital and Product Innovation among Tourism SMEs

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of knowledge sharing on social capital and product innovation among tourism SMEs in Zimbabwe. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative approach was adopted in this study and data was collected using an online survey, from owners and managers of small and medium enterprises in the tourism industry. The respondents were drawn using a simple random sampling technique from a database created and maintained by the Zimbabwe Tourism Authority of Sanganai/Hlanganani World Tourism Expo participants. Covariance-based structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data and test the hypotheses proposed. Findings: The study found that both interorganisational trust and social reciprocity enhance product innovation in the tourism sector. It was also revealed that knowledge-sharing capability partially mediates the relationship between interorganisational trust and social reciprocity and product innovation. Research limitations/implications: By focusing on interorganisational trust and social reciprocity, this study was limited to the relational dimension of social capital, and this offers scope for future research. More research needs to be undertaken to explore the role of interorganisational trust and social reciprocity across other dimensions of social capital other than the relational attributes. It is also necessary to conduct longitudinal studies to capture variations in time and across sectors using more robust measures. Originality/value: The study expands on the existing line of scholarly work by providing a social dimension of the antecedents of product innovation. The findings suggest in the wake of resource limitation, firms in Zimbabwe may rely on interorganisational trust and social reciprocity to foster superior product innovation. In this knowledge-intensive business environment, this study also adds value by providing empirical evidence for the mediating role of knowledge-sharing capability in the relationship between interorganisational trust and social reciprocity, and product innovation.
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Brazilian Haemophilus parasuis field isolates 1

Miani M. , Lorenson M.S., Guizzo J.A. , Espíndola J.P., Rodríguez-Ferri E.F. , Gutiérrez-Martín C.B. , Kreutz L.C. & Frandoloso R. 2017. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Brazilian Haemophilus parasuis field isolates. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(11):1187-1192. Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Campus I, Edifício G3, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil. E-mail: rfran@upf.br Haemophilus parasuis is the etiological agent of Glässer’s disease (GD), an ubiquitous infection of swine characterized by systemic fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis and meningitis. Intensive use of antimicrobial agents in swine husbandries during the last years triggered the development of antibiotic resistances in bacterial pathogens. Thus, regular susceptibility testing is crucial to ensure efficacy of different antimicrobial agents to this porcine pathogen. In this study, 50 clinical isolates from South Brazilian pig herds were characterized and analyzed for their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotic. The identification and typing of clinical isolates was carried out by a modified indirect hemagglutination assay combined with a multiplex PCR. The susceptibility of each isolate was analyzed by broth microdilution method against a panel of 21 antimicrobial compounds. We found that field isolates are highly resistance to gentamycin, bacitracin, lincomycin and tiamulin, but sensitive to ampicillin, clindamycin, neomycin, penicillin, danofloxacin and enrofloxacin. Furthermore, an individual susceptibility analysis indicated that enrofloxacin is effective to treat clinical isolates with the exception of those classified as serovar 1. The results presented here firstly demonstrate the susceptibility of Brazilian clinical isolates of H. parasuis to antimicrobials widely used by swine veterinary practitioners and strengthen the need to perform susceptibility test prior to antibiotic therapy during GD outbreaks. In addition, because only six antimicrobial drugs (28.6%) were found effective against field isolates, a continuous surveillance of the susceptibility profile should be of major concern to the swine industry.
Dual‐Metal Sites Boosting Polarization of Nitrogen Molecules for Efficient Nitrogen Photofixation

Constructing nitrogen (N2) adsorption and activation sites on semiconductors is the key to achieving efficient N2 photofixation. Herein, Mn–W dual‐metal sites on WO3 are designed toward efficient N2 photoreduction via controlled Mn doping. Impressively, the optimal 2.3% Mn‐doped WO3 (Mn‐WO3) exhibits a remarkable ammonia (NH3) production rate of 425 µmol gcat. −1 h−1, representing the best catalytic performance among the ever‐reported tungsten oxide‐based photocatalysts for N2 fixation. Quasi in situ synchrotron radiation X‐ray spectroscopy directly identifies that the Mn–W dual‐metal sites can enhance the polarization of the adsorbed N2, which is beneficial to the N2 activation. Further theoretical calculations reveal that the increased polarization is originated from the electron back‐donation into the antibonding orbitals of the adsorbed N2, hence lowering the reaction energy barrier toward the N2 photofixation. The concept of dual sites construction for inert molecule activation offers a powerful platform toward rational design of highly efficient catalysts for nitrogen fixation and beyond.
Sensitivity and specificity of HR HPV E 6 / E 7 mRNA test in detecting cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion and cervical cancer

Objectives: The paper assess the relevance of HR HPV E6/E7 mRNA test in women with abnormal Pap results. Material and methods: Between 2013–2014, 125 women were subjects to the enhanced diagnostics due to abnormal Pap results. According to The Bethesda system, if ASC-US, AGC, LSIL, ASC-H, HSIL or cancer cells were present, the result was abnormal. The patients underwent the enhanced diagnostics which included the following procedures: Pap smear collection for molecular assessment of HR HPV E6/E7 mRNA test, the colposcopic examination and biopsy of clinically suspicious areas. Results: High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions constituted the most frequent cervical pathology in women with abnormal Pap test results, as well as with the positive results of HR HPV E6/E7 mRNA test. Test sensitivity in patients with the histopathological diagnosis of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was estimated at 86.1%. Conclusions: HR HPV E6/E7 mRNA test identifying neoplastic lesions and cervical cancer is characterised by a high relevance which is reflected by means of sensitivity and specificity. In fact, test sensitivity and specificity increased with the age in the group of patients up to 50 years old.
Shock Wave Structure for Argon, Helium, and Nitrogen

We compare the thickness of shock wave fronts at different Mach numbers, modeled via Navier‐Stokes (NS) and Quasi‐gasdynamic (QGD) equations, with experimental results from the literature. Monoatomic argon and helium, and diatomic nitrogen, are considered. In this modeling a finite‐difference scheme with second‐order spatial accuracy is employed. For argon the density thickness calculated via QGD and NS models are in good agreement with each other, and with the experimental results. For helium QGD and NS results agree well with those from the bimodal model. For nitrogen, the QGD results are closer to the experimental data than NS results. The QGD‐based algorithm converges to the steady state solution faster than the NS‐based one.
Is Autonomic Nervous System Involved in the Epileptogenesis in Preterm Neonates?

Abstract Autonomic nervous system dysfunction has been described with focal and generalized epileptic seizures; occurring during their ictal, interictal, or postictal states. International League Against Epilepsy Seizure Classification Manual defines autonomic seizures as a distinct alteration of autonomic nervous system function involving cardiovascular, pupillary, gastrointestinal, sudomotor, vasomotor, and thermoregulatory functions. Autonomic seizures represent a great challenge for neonatologists and neurophysiologists; and distinguishing between ictal and non-ictal autonomic changes in neonates is rarely straightforward, especially in the premature ones. To avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment, International League Against Epilepsy and the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society currently require electrographic correlation for any seizure diagnosis, including preterm neonates. There is very little scientific evidence about the pathophysiology of autonomic seizures. The data reporting on their incidence, clinical features, and diagnostic pathway is also insufficient. In this paper, we hypothesize that in the developing brain of preterm neonates, seizures involving deeper autonomic networks and subcortical structures might not propagate sufficiently to the cortex, and therefore the association of the seizures with specific ictal electrographic changes on surface electroencephalogram might be lacking. We propose considering autonomic seizures in the differential diagnosis of unexplained autonomic changes in neonates, especially preterm neonates, even in the absence of clear initial electrographic correlation. Unexplained autonomic changes could therefore be thought of as a “seizure alarm” in this population.
Highly sensitive electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose biosensor based on squamous NiCo2O4 nanosheets decorated nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide

ABSTRACT Ultrathin and vertical NiCo2O4 nanosheets were grown on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NiCo2O4 NSs@N-rGO) through a simple one-step co-precipitation procedure. The NiCo2O4 NSs@N-rGO nanocomposites were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. And the performance of NiCo2O4NSs@N-rGO non-enzymatic glucose sensor was measured by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric method. The sensor exhibited two wide linear ranges of 0.01 mM-5.50 mM and 5.50 mM-15.50 mM with high sensitivity of 4372.9 μA·mM−1cm−2 and 1686.1 μA·mM−1cm−2, which is much better than other Co-based and Ni-based glucose sensors. In addition, the non-enzymatic glucose sensor also shows strong anti-interference and durability. Besides, it is found that this non-enzymatic glucose sensor can accurately measure the blood glucose concentration in human serum, which provides a great possibility for future application in medical treatment.
Relationship between Need Supply Major Fit and Demand Ability Major Fit with Academic Achievement

Recently, despite the high budget that has been allocated for education in Malaysia, the educational performance among students remains low (Blueprint, 2013). Pascarella and Terenzini (2005; 1991) have identified four theories and models that affect students’ learning, namely; (a) psychosocial, (b) cognitivestructural, (c) typological, and (d) person-environment interaction. This study focuses on the effects of person-environment interaction on academic achievement. The interactionist approach emphasizes that, neither personal characteristics nor situational factors alone are able to identify the attitudes or responses of people, but the interaction between them can be highly influential (Schneider, 1982; Terborg, 1981). Personenvironment fit arguments were raised by interactionists who discussed that particular attitudes, behaviours and cognitions are the results of the interaction between situational factors and individuals (Chatman, 1989; Muchinsky & Monahan, 1987; Ostroff & Schulte, 2007). The present study used academic achievement that is one of the outcomes of person–environment (P–E) fit. This research employed different types of P-E fit such as, objective and perceived interest major fit. The main aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the P-E fit and academic achievement. The study was carried out in University Putra Malaysia (UPM). The participants of the study included 2503 undergraduate students from 12 different faculties of UPM. The findings for the relationship between P-E fit and academic achievement revealed that there was a positive significant relationship between need supply major fit and demand ability major fit with academic achievement.
P o S ( Q C D E V 2 0 1 6 ) 0 4 0 Pion structure function and SU ( 2 ) flavor asymmetry ∗

We refine the computation of the d̄− ū flavor asymmetry in the proton sea with a complementary effort to reveal the dynamics of pion exchange in high-energy processes. In particular, we discuss the efficacy of pion exchange models to simultaneously describe leading neutron electroproduction at HERA along with the d̄− ū flavor asymmetry in the proton. A detailed χ2 analysis of the ZEUS and H1 cross sections, when combined with constraints on the pion flux from Drell-Yan data, allows regions of applicability of one-pion exchange to be delineated. The analysis disfavors several models of the pion flux used in the literature, and yields an improved extraction of the pion structure function and its uncertainties at parton momentum fractions in the pion of 4×10−4 . xπ . 0.05 at a scale of Q2 = 10 GeV2. Based on the fit results, we also address a possible estimate for leading proton structure functions in upcoming tagged deep-inelastic scattering experiments at Jefferson Lab on the deuteron with forward protons.
The expression of MUC 1 in human Fallopian tube during the menstrual cycle and in ectopic pregnancy

background: Ectopic pregnancy is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality with increasing incidence worldwide. We have investigated whether epithelia from Fallopian tubes (FTs) bearing an ectopic pregnancy differ from normal tubes in expression of MUC1. methods: Since it is not possible to collect FTs from women carrying a healthy pregnancy, we studied tissue collected at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease. Women were injected with hCG in the days leading up to hysterectomy, and pseudopregnancy confirmed by the presence of high serum progesterone levels and the decidualization of the endometrium. FTs from the different stages of the menstrual cycle (n 1⁄4 24), tubes bearing an ectopic pregnancy (n 1⁄4 15) and pseudo-pregnant tubes (n 1⁄4 6) were collected and examined using immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT–PCR. results: MUC1 was present at the apical surface of the tubal epithelial cells throughout the menstrual cycle, but intracellular localization was minimal in the follicular phase, increasing to a maximum in the luteal phase. MUC1, including the glycoform recognized by antibody 214D4, was found at the apical surface of tubal epithelium in both the ectopic and pseudo-pregnant groups and the intracellular expression was much stronger in the pseudo-pregnant group than in the ectopic group. The 214D4 epitope was absent from tubal tissue adjacent to ectopic implants. conclusions: The decrease in MUC1 expression and altered glycosylation in tubal epithelium from ectopic pregnancy may reflect an increase in receptivity.
2019-4 Intergenerational Health Mobility : Evidence from Danish Registers

To what extent status depends on family background has been of great interest in the social sciences and the general public for centuries. The transmission of income, earnings and educational attainment is often studied, while equality of opportunity with respect to health outcomes has received far less attention. This paper is the first to investigate intergenerational health mobility using high-quality administrative data from Denmark. The attractiveness of this approach lies in objective health measures and large sample sizes allowing twin analyses. I operationalise health mobility by a variety of statistics: rank-rank slopes, intergenerational correlations and sibling and identical twin correlations. Mobility in health is found to be relatively high for men, both when compared to similar US-based studies, and when contrasted with outcomes such as educational attainment and income. For Danish women, health-related dependence on family background is on par with similar statistics for income and earnings for other Scandinavian countries. Mobility is thus, perhaps somewhat nonintuitively, higher in health than in income. Contrasting sibling and identical twin correlations with parentchild associations confirm earlier findings in the literature on equality of opportunity, namely that sibling correlations capture far more variation than traditional intergenerational correlations. 14-38 percent of the variation in individual health outcomes can be ascribed to family background and genes, factors which the individual cannot be held accountable for. Only a negligible share of this variation can be explained by parental health, which suggests that other family-specific characteristics may play an important role for health mobility. Intergenerational Health Mobility: Evidence from Danish Registers
Lagrangian simulation of ice particles and resulting dehydration in the polar winter stratosphere

Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and cold stratospheric aerosols drive heterogeneous chemistry and play a major role in polar ozone depletion. The Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) simulates the nucleation, growth, sedimentation, and evaporation of PSC particles along individual trajectories. Particles consisting of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), which contain a substantial fraction of the stratospheric nitric acid (HNO3), were the focus of previous modeling work and are known for their potential to denitrify the polar stratosphere. Here, we carried this idea forward and introduced the formation of ice PSCs and related dehydration into the sedimentation module of CLaMS. Both processes change the simulated chemical composition of the lower stratosphere. Due to the Lagrangian transport scheme, NAT and ice particles move freely in three-dimensional space. Heterogeneous NAT and ice nucleation on foreign nuclei as well as homogeneous ice nucleation and NAT nucleation on preexisting ice particles are now implemented into CLaMS and cover major PSC formation pathways. We show results from the Arctic winter 2009/2010 and from the Antarctic winter 2011 to demonstrate the performance of the model over two entire PSC seasons. For both hemispheres, we present CLaMS results in comparison to measurements from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Observations and simulations are presented on season-long and vortex-wide scales as well as for single PSC events. The simulations reproduce well both the timing and the extent of PSC occurrence inside the entire vortex. Divided into specific PSC classes, CLaMS results show predominantly good agreement with CALIOP and MIPAS observations, even for specific days and single satellite orbits. CLaMS and CALIOP agree that NAT mixtures are the first type of PSC to be present in both winters. NAT PSC areal coverages over the entire season agree satisfactorily. However, cloud-free areas, next to or surrounded by PSCs in the CALIOP data, are often populated with NAT particles in the CLaMS simulations. Looking at the temporal and vortex-averaged evolution of HNO3, CLaMS shows an uptake of HNO3 from the gas into the particle phase which is too large and happens too early in the simulation of the Arctic winter. In turn, the permanent redistribution of HNO3 is smaller in the simulations than in the observations. The Antarctic model run shows too little denitrification at lower altitudes towards the end of the winter compared to the observations. The occurrence of synoptic-scale ice PSCs agrees satisfactorily between observations and simulations for both hemispheres and the simulated vertical redistribution of water vapor (H2O) is in very good agreement with MLS observations. In summary, a conclusive agreement between CLaMS simulations and a variety of independent measurements is presented.