Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 58

Congress in 2005, when the responsibilities of the former Committee for Spermatophyta were extended to cover Pteridophyta and the Committee for Pteridophyta was dissolved. Three extra members were appointed bringing the number up to eighteen. The previous report, as Report 57 of the Committee for Spermatophyta, appeared in Taxon 54: 1093-1103(2005 publ. 2006) and the final report of the Committee for Pteridophyta (Report 15) in Taxon 54: 831-832 (2005). G. Moore has resigned from the Committee appointed in Vienna (cf. McNeill & al. in Taxon 54: 1059. 2005) and W. Applequist has been co-opted in his place so that the current membership of the Committee, voting on proposals in this report, is W. Applequist (St Louis), R.K. Brummitt (Kew, Secretary), G. Davidse (St Louis), TV. Egorova (St. Petersburg), E.S. Fernando (Los Ba? os), I. Friis (Copenhagen, Chairman), K. Gandhi (Cambridge, Mass.), CE. Jarvis (London), R. Kiesling (Mendoza), H. -W Lack (Berlin), R. de Mello-Silva (S? o Paulo), D.H. Nicolson (Washington D.C), H. Ohashi (Sendai), G. Perry (Perth, W.A.), J. Prado (S? o Paulo), J.P. Roux (Cape Town), M. Thu lin (Uppsala) and P. Vorster (Stellenbosch). A minimum of 11 votes is required for recommendation by this committee that a proposal for conservation or rejection of a name be accepted or rejected.
Stimulation of Lysine Accumulation in the Broth Culture of Bacillus Species Isolated from Nigerian Fermented Food Condiments Using Agro-products

Fermented food condiments serve as taste enhancers in African diets and these products are broken down during fermentation by microorganisms to proteineous substances, releasing free amino acids like lysine. Lysine, an essential amino acid added to animals feed, is produced by Bacillus species. This study was undertaken to evaluate the stimulatory effects of agro-products on lysine production by Bacillus species isolated from fermented food condiments. The effects of synthetics carbon sources: Sucrose, maltose, galactose, glucose, lactose, fructose, and nitrogen sources: KNO3, NH4NO3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4 on lysine production by Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis were examined. The influence of non-synthetic carbon sources: cassava, cocoyam, yam, plantain, millet, corn, potato, rice and nitrogen sources: soybean, cotton seed, cowpea, bambara nut, groundnut on lysine accumulation by the Bacillus species, were studied. Medium containing carbon and nitrogen sources (2:1), was inoculated with the Bacillus sp and incubated for 72h on a shaker at 160rpm and 30°C. Lysine was determined from the broth culture. The Bacillus species produced lysine levels above 0.6mg/ml in all the synthetic medium except lactose and galactose medium of Bacillus licheniformis. A maximum yield of 1.0 mg/ml was accumulated by Bacillus licheniformis in a medium of fructose and (NH4)2SO4. The use of non-synthetic carbon and nitrogen sources stimulated lysine yields by the Bacillus species. Lysine accumulations of 3.63mg/ml and 3.73mg/ml were observed in culture broths of Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis respectively, containing rice hydrolysates and defatted groundnut meals. The stimulatory effect of agro-products on lysine production by the Bacillus species has proved that they are good substrates for use in the fermentation industry.
Effect of organic manure on performance of Ocimum sanctum under peach and apricot based agroforestry system

An experiment was carried out under peach and apricot based agroforestry system for two consecutive years during 2016-2017 at experimental farm of Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and seven treatments viz., farm yard manure (FYM) @ 15 t ha (T1), Farm yard manure @ 20 t ha (T2), farm yard manure (FYM) @ 25 t ha(T3), Jeevamrut @ 180ml/plant (T4), Jeevamrut @ 300ml/plant (T5), Jeevamrut @ 420ml/plant (T6) and control (no manure) (T7). The results revealed that application of Jeevamrut @420ml/plant inside the canopy recorded significantly highest plant height (103.82cm, 103.74cm), number of branches (17.52, 17.50), number of leaflets (1815.85, 1811.68) and leaf area (5.95, 5.87 cm) and leaf area index (3.03, 3.06) of Ocimum sanctum during harvesting stage under peach and apricot based agroforestry system, respectively. All the growth and yield parameters were significantly better with application of organic manure as compared to the control (no manure).
Melanophore metachrosis response in amphibian tadpoles: effect of background colour, light and temperature

The developmental and biochemical mechanisms of colour change through chromatophore metachrosis in amphibian tadpoles are relatively well studied, but the environmental factors driving colour change remain unclear. A cryptic response to background colour in order to reduce predation is an intuitively valid explanation, however, other hypotheses need to be explored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the environmental factors driving the melanophore metachrosis process in Alytes dickhilleni tadpoles. First, we tested the response to two backgrounds with clearly distinct reflectance: black and white. The proportion of dark tadpoles became significantly higher when they were located on the black background, and pale tadpole proportion was dominant on the white background, as expected from the crypsis hypothesis. Secondly, we added two new factors, temperature and photoperiod, maintaining the background variation. Our results suggest that lower temperatures, and short photoperiods were significantly driving a change to dark colouration in tadpoles, possibly allowing a more efficient thermoregulation, and in consequence, development and growth. Next we tested whether dark and pale tadpoles selected backgrounds that matched their colouration (black and white background), and found no evidence for behavioral selection. The apparent response in colour change to background appears to be mediated by the background reflectance of light, that there does not seem to be behavioral selection of matching background by the tadpoles, and therefore it suggests that color change is more likely to be a physiological response with thermoregulatory implications.
Evolution of duplicated pathways and networks in polyploid cotton

Polyploidy is an evolutionary phenomenon resulting in the duplication of the whole genome. The merger of two diverged genomes, in the case of allopolyploidy, had multiple effects on the evolution of genes, gene expression, and the structure of the newly doubled genome. Gene pathways and gene co-expression networks are also duplicated as a whole and must be reconciled in the nascent polyploid. A considerable body of work addresses how pathways and gene co-expression networks evolve in diploids. Here I extend this approach to address how duplicated pathways and networks evolve in polyploids. The effects of polyploidy on gene pathways and gene co-expression network duplication are investigated in the natural cotton allopolyploids Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense. I used targeted sequence capture to look at evolutionary rates in the genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway across in over 40 different polyploid accessions. The evolutionary rates of these genes do not correlate with position or branching as would be expected. I further investigated the expression of the genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, and of the whole genome, by generating RNA-seq libraries across several tissues in the polyploid cotton species and their diploid progenitors. Evolutionary rates were correlated with expression levels, module assignment, and connectivity. More generally, the gene co-expression network as a whole generally is preserved between diploids and polyploids, but certain modules exhibit specific homoeolog biases and non-additive expression. I also studied expression in fibers from wild and domesticated G. hirsutum, adding a layer of complexity, in the form of the strong selective pressure of domestication, to the gene coexpression analyses. While I still find general preservation of the gene co-expression network,
Pediatric Dystonic Storm

Objective Pediatric dystonic storm is an underrecognized entity. We aimed to evaluate the profiles of children presenting with dystonic storm in a referral hospital. Management schema and treatment responsiveness of this uncommonly reported entity were analyzed. Methods Retrospective review of all children (up to 18 years) hospitalized with dystonic storm over 39 months in the aforementioned facility. Results Twenty-three children whose ages ranged from 2 years 2 months to 14 years 4 months years (median: 6 years 11 months) (males: 13, females: 11) presented with dystonic storm. The annual incidence was 0.4 per 1,000 fresh admissions with an event rate of 0.9 per 1,000 for all admissions. All had Dystonia Severity Action Plan grades 4/5 with identifiable trigger in 13 (50%). Underlying dystonic disorder preexisted in 10 (43.4%); 8 of these had cerebral palsy. Polypharmacotherapy with >4 drugs out of trihexyphenidyl, tetrabenazine, clonazepam, gabapentin, levodopa-carbidopa, trichlorophos, and melatonin was needed. Supportive care and adequate sedation helped in symptom control. All children were managed with midazolam infusion over 2–10 days (median: 5 days). Mechanical ventilation was resorted to in 6 children (3–22 days). Vecuronium and propofol were used in 3/23 (13%) and 4/23 (17%) children, respectively. Deep brain stimulation was curative in 1 child. Hospitalization ranged from 5 to 31 (median: 11) days. Although there were no deaths, rhabdomyolysis was noted in 1 child. Postdischarge, 6 (26%) children relapsed. Conclusions Dystonic storm is a medical emergency mandating aggressive multimodal management. Supportive care, antidystonic drugs, and early elective ventilation alongside adequate sedation with benzodiazepines ameliorate complications. Relapses of dystonic storm are not uncommon.
The Role of Culture-Specific Relationships in International Businesses: A Systematic Review and Future Directions

Abstract This paper presents a systematic review of 44 prevailing articles about cultural-specific relationships in the international business (IB) context, manifested in five emerging markets: Chinese Guanxi, Arabic Wasta, Latin America Compadrazgo, Brazilian Jeitinho, and the Russian Sviazi. For each of the cultural-specific relationships, this review highlights the state of construct development, theory application, and partnership types in the context of international business relationships in empirical IB studies. Based on these findings, future directions are proposed for advancing the conceptualization and operationalization of culture-specific relationships followed by the study limitations.
EFFECT OF SUBINHIBITORY CONCENTRATIONS OF METHICILLIN AND VANCOMYCIN ANTIBIOTICS ON GROWTH OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

Objectives: Methicillin and Vancomycin antibiotics exert potent bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. We investigated whether these antibiotics used at subinhibitory concentrations, produce any effect on the growth of S. aureus. Methods: Growth curves in the presence of subinhibitory concentration of Methicillin and Vancomycin antibiotics were studied. Results: The maximum growth rate curves with Methicillin and Vancomycin antibiotic for both MRSA and MSSA isolates were reduced in dose dependent manner. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that subinhibitory concentration of Methicillin and Vancomycin antibiotics modulates the growth of S. aureus, which might be especially helpful for the treatment of S. aureus infections.
New Labor Actors Under Corporatism: Complementarity and the Renewal of Class Representation for Precarious Workers

Labor scholars identify increased roles of “new labor actors,” such as civil society organizations, in workers’ representation. Previous work found their increasing tendency to cooperate with unions, opening these up to inclusion of precarious workers. Praising these cooperative relations, research has understated other interactions that might develop between labor actors and their contributions to workers. Focusing on the relations among new labor actors and unions in the context of Israeli corporatism, this article analyzes conflictual interactions among labor actors and their implications of these for union legitimacy as well as for workers’ representation. Comparing two cases—of noncitizen Palestinian construction workers, and of subcontracted cleaning and security workers—the article argues that “conflictual complementarity” persists in the relations between labor actors in corporatist contexts. Conflictual complementarity is identified as based on sectoral traditions, contributing to transformations in union representation of precarious workers.
Mechanism of Immune Response Through mRNA/miRNA Effect in Vascular Dysfunctions

With the aim of understanding the socioeconomic burden of autoimmune diseases, attenuating ACS introduce the phenomenon of the immunological regulation system provoking all stages of predisposing lesions criticizing the arousal of prognostic metabolic role at cellular biogenesis. The basic methodologies of repairs focus on the significance of mRNA/miRNA triggering the kinetics of pharmacodynamics obstacles at CVD mortality, identify the systematic therapeutics of exertions in the miRNAs of 21, 29, 23, 27, 24, 126, 143 and 145 insights the signaling of platelet aggregation associates the gene expressions in the form of supportive biomarker targets.
Crop residue burning practices across north India inferred from household survey data: Bridging gaps in satellite observations

Abstract In north India, agricultural burning adversely affects local and regional air quality during the post-monsoon season (October to November), when the prevailing meteorology is favorable for smog and haze formation. Quantifying the contribution of smoke to air pollution in this region, however, is challenging. While the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), aboard NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites, provides a nearly 20-year record of global fire activity, the sensor cannot adequately capture small, short-lasting agricultural fires due to its moderate spatial resolution (500 m–1 km) and limited overpasses (twice daily for each satellite), as well as the hazy conditions that typically obscure the north India land surface at this time of year. Moreover, current global fire emissions inventories based on MODIS observations can differ by up to an order of magnitude in this region. Here we incorporate household survey data to bridge gaps in MODIS observations and improve estimates of fire emissions over the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar during the 2003–2018 post-monsoon burning seasons. We develop a novel method that adjusts MODIS Fire Radiative Power (FRP) for: (1) small fires detected by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) at 375-m spatial resolution, (2) cloud/haze gaps in satellite observations, (3) partial-field burning practices, and (4) the diurnal cycle of fire activity. Adjusting FRP for the fire diurnal cycle yields the largest boost to emissions due to the short lifetime of the fires (~1/2 h) and the brief windows of satellite detection. Using adjusted FRP, we estimate on average 10.4 ± 3 Tg dry matter (DM) burned each year, yielding emissions of 65 ± 18 Gg organic carbon (OC), 5.6 ± 1.6 Gg black carbon (BC), 791 ± 225 Gg CO, and 14.9 ± 4.2 Tg CO2. On average, our OC + BC emissions are 3.4 times (min: 0.6, max: 6.6) the estimates from five widely used global fire emissions inventories. Our estimate for Punjab, which contributes more than two-thirds of emissions in the region, is consistent with our bottom-up validation, which uses burn rates from the household survey and government crop production statistics in 2016 and 2017. We spatially disaggregate the state-level emissions to construct a gridded inventory at daily, 0.25 ° × 0.25 ° resolution over north India from 2003 to 2018. The inventory, SAGE-IGP (Survey Constraints on FRP-based Agricultural Fire Emissions in the Indo-Gangetic Plain), improves modeling assessments of air quality impacts from agricultural burning, thus supporting effective policy development.
From “since” to “if”: using blogs to explore an insider-informed framing of autism

Abstract This study was conducted within a series aimed at building understanding of autism using insider perspectives. We applied a descriptive qualitative approach, highlighting meanings that the informants attach to events in their lives. The data were generated by scraping blogs written by autistic authors. We conducted an inductive thematic analysis using an iterative process of coding, collating and reviewing themes. We present the themes using two structures taken from the dataset. The first structure “current trajectories” illustrates with how the bloggers perceive non-autistic people to frame autism, as well as their experiences of effects propagated by this frame. The second structure “preferred trajectories” is rooted in the bloggers’ framing of autism and follows their predicted effects that could come about through adoption of this frame. The bloggers’ framing of autism challenges the biomedical frame and they convincingly suggest that a public shift to their insider-informed frame would improve their lives. Points of interest For this study, we explored writings of autistic bloggers, to examine how their insider understanding of autism can improve non-autistic peoples’ understanding of autism. Compared to portrayals in most academic literature, the bloggers in this study frame autism in a way that is more embodied and more positive, and autistic people as more caring, more insightful and more ready to inform and engage in research. We present the bloggers’ perceptions of how dominant framing of autism has impacted their lives as well as their visions of a preferred future in which public perceptions of autism have been informed by autistic people. This study supports the necessity and feasibility of autistic people informing, guiding and engaging in autism research.
Effect of growth regulators on micropropagation, callus induction and callus flavonoid content of Rumex pictus Forssk

THE CURRENT study investigates the effect of growth regulators on micropropagation, callus induction and callus flavonoid content of Rumex pictus Forssk; an endangered medicinal plant. Various combinations of kintin (KIN), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), Thidiazuron (TDZ) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were used for micropropagation from shoot tip explants. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2mg L-1 BAP was the best for micropropagation where shoot formation frequency was 70% with 12.6 shoots/explant. The highest root formation frequency resulted on half-strength MS medium fortified with 2mg L-1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 1mg L-1 IBA. One mg L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) combined with 0.4mg L-1 BAP induced the highest callus mass production from the investigated explants, particularly 1st foliage leaf that was the best explant for callus induction and proliferation. The accumulation of flavonoids in callus was diminished by BAP but enhanced by increasing 2,4-D concentration in culture medium. To our knowledge, this is the first report of micropropagation and callus induction of this endangered medicinal plant which will help in its rapid mass production, conservation and in vitro production of secondary metabolites.
miR-484 Functions as an Onco-miR in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC), with a poor prognosis with currently used therapies, and thus represents an unmet therapeutic challenge. Lack of molecular targets (i.e. ER, PR, HER2) and significant genetic heterogeneity are the major reasons contributing to early relapse and high mortality rates. Numerous studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRs) have an important role in BC progression, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We analyzed miRNA expression profiles of BC patient data bases and identified that miR-484 is highly upregulated in all subtypes of BC patients, with the highest expression in TNBC patients. miR-484 was found to be associated with significantly shorter patient survival, while inhibition of miR-484 in TNBC cells led to significant reduction of cell proliferation, motility and invasion, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that miR-484 is inversely correlated with levels of HOXA5 in patients’ tumors and demonstrated that miR-484 directly binds to the 3-untranslated region (3-UTR) of HOXA5 mRNA to suppress its expression. Moreover, HOXA5 over-expression recapitulated the effects of miR-484 inhibition. In vivo therapeutic targeting of miR-484 by systemic administration of anti-miR-484 nanoparticles significantly induced HOXA5 expression and suppressed tumor growth and progression in orthotopic xenograft mouse models of TNBC. Thus, our findings provide new insights about the oncogenic role of miR-484 and suggest that miR-484 represents a novel therapeutic target in TNBC.
Estimating Crop and Grass Productivity over the United States Using Satellite Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Precipitation and Soil Moisture Data

This study investigates how gross primary production (GPP) estimates can be improved with the use of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) based on the interdependence between SIF, precipitation, soil moisture and GPP itself. We have used multi-year datasets from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Soil Moisture (ESA CCI SM), and FLUXNET observations from ten stations in the continental United States. We have employed a GPP quantification framework that makes use of two factors whose influence on the SIF–GPP relationship was not evaluated previously—namely, differential plant sensitivity to water supply at different stages of its lifecycle and spatial variability patterns in SIF that are in contrast to those of GPP, precipitation, and soil moisture. It was found that over the Great Plains and Texas, fluorescence emission levels lag behind precipitation events from about two weeks for grasses to four weeks for crops. The spatial variability of SIF and GPP is shown to be characterized by different patterns: SIF demonstrates less variation over the same spatial extent as compared to GPP, precipitation and soil moisture. Thus, using newly introduced SIF–precipitation lead–lag relationships, we estimate GPP using SIF, precipitation and soil moisture data for grasses and crops over the US by applying the multiple linear regression technique. Our GPP estimates capture the drought impact over the US better than those from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). During the drought year of 2011 over Texas, our GPP values show a decrease by 50–75 gC/m2/month, as opposed to the normal yielding year of 2007. In 2012, a drought year over the Great Plains, we observe a significant reduction in GPP, as compared to 2007. Hence, estimating GPP using specific SIF–GPP relationships, and information on different plant functional types (PFTs) and their interactions with precipitation and soil moisture over the Great Plains and Texas regions can help produce more reasonable GPP estimates.