Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1470 Nm Diode Laser Effectiveness in Facial Fat Reduction with the Endolifting Technique: Pilot Study

Introduction: Endolifting technique, also known as Endolaser or Endolift, consists of using a laser beam with a wavelength of 1470 nm emitted through an optical fiber inserted into the subdermal tissue in order to reduce subcutaneous fat and tone the skin through the intense production of collagen. Objective: This study aimed to collect preliminary results about the effectiveness of the 1470 nm diode laser in reducing facial fat with the endolifting technique. Material and methods: 10 patients were assisted with just one endolifting session, where the mandibular and submental regions were treated. It was by using 400 micron optical fiber, power ranging from 4 to 8 W, in continuous mode. After the procedure, patients were instructed to remain with a bandage on the treated area for 4 days and. Then, after this period they received 4 sessions of manual lymphatic drainage, which was performed once a week. Results: After treatment and reassessment at the end of 60 days, it was noticed a clear decrease in fat in the cheeks, as well as in the submental region. Also, the skin where the jowl fat was removed underwent intense retraction, as it was seen a decrease in flaccidity and wrinkles. Conclusion: It was concluded that the endolifting technique is extremely effective in promoting the reduction of unsightly subcutaneous fat on the face and neck, as well as indirectly intervening in the skin to promote rejuvenation to varying degrees. Likewise, this technique can be attested as a safe method due to the absence of complications or intercurrences throughout the care and follow-up of patients after treatment.
The Outcome of Congenital Cardiac Surgery in Patients with Down Syndrome: Single-Center Experience.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the outcomes of Down syndrome patients who underwent cardiac surgery for congenital heart defects and to develop risk prediction models for in-hospital mortality, recurrent hospital admission, and the need for catheter intervention among a cohort of patients. METHODS This single-centre retrospective cohort study included consecutive Down syndrome patients who underwent cardiac surgery for congenital heart defects between January 2018 and December 2021. We reviewed the electronic medical records. Two hundred patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria with complete data reporting. The patients' perioperative data and outcomes were recorded. RESULTS Females constituted 56.5%. Most (78.5%) patients showed accepted recovery. The incidence of all-cause in-hospital mortality was 3.0%. The rates of the need for a second operation, heart failure management, and permanent pacemaker insertion were 3.0%, 2.0%, and 2.5%, respectively. Only 8 (4.0%) patients stayed in the hospital for a long duration after chylothorax or tracheostomy (if intubated more than 2 weeks). The model had an accuracy of 99% and included the intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) abnormalities (residual heart lesions) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 26.541, p = 0.033), the duration of mechanical ventilation following the operation (AOR: 1.152, p = 0.009), and the occurrence of postoperative heart block (AOR: 76.447, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Surgical treatment of congenital heart defects in Down syndrome patients had good outcomes with accepted recovery (without intra-hospital or during follow-up mortality or morbidity) of 78.5% and a 3% incidence of in-hospital mortality. Though, the occurrence of chylothorax was considerably high, and resulted in a long hospital stay (more than 10 days). Repair of tetralogy of Fallot and coarctation of the aorta were associated with an increased likelihood of catheter intervention following the operation.
Deflection of a Partially Composite Beam Considering the Effect of Shear Deformation

In this research, the deflection in the interface of a partially composite beam considering the effect of shear deformation is deter-mined. The system of beams is structured by two beams of prismatic sections, connected by an adhesive very thin and rigid, subjected to a uniform bending moment and a uniformly distributed load. The governing differential equation of the partially composite beam is obtained from the total functional energy that takes into consideration the shear deformation. The extreme moments creating second moments, shear forces and normal forces are applied to each beam. The differential equation is derived and then, compared to the one found in partial composite beams where the shear deformation is neglected. It is shown that the theoretical results of deflection with and without shear deformation are compared to each other and also with those found in the Timoshenko’s beam theory.
Plutonium in surface soil near the southwestern boundary of the Hanford project

Samples of airborne particles collected near the Prosser Barricade in another study showed low /sup 240/Pu//sup 239/Pu ratios that are indicative of Hanford-produced plutonium. In an effort to locate evidence of a trail or the remains of a large short-term release of plutonium that may have occurred during past Hanford operations, surface soil samples were collected along the southweastern boundary of the Hanford Site in December 1979. Results indicated the possibility of slightly elevated levels of /sup 239/ /sup 240/Pu (0.016 pCi/g) occurring in the general vicinity of the Arid Land Ecology Field lab extending to the junction of Highway 240 and Horn Rapids Road as compared to lower levels (0.006 pCi/g) in a northwesterly direction along the base of Rattlesnake Mountain and the eastern slope of Yakima Ridge. Assuming the worldwide average /sup 240/Pu//sup 239/Pu ratio of 0.18 for soil of the Pacific Northwest, the plutonium in these soil samples may be slightly less enriched with /sup 240/Pu (/sup 240/Pu//sup 239/Pu = 0.16). No evidence was discovered of an acute release remaining intact and crossing the southwestern boundary during the operating history of plutonium facilities in the 200 Areas.
Advances in artificial intelligence, robotics, augmented and virtual reality in neurosurgery

Neurosurgical practitioners undergo extensive and prolonged training to acquire diverse technical proficiencies, while neurosurgical procedures necessitate a substantial amount of pre-, post-, and intraoperative clinical data acquisition, making decisions, attention, and convalescence. The past decade witnessed an appreciable escalation in the significance of artificial intelligence (AI) in neurosurgery. AI holds significant potential in neurosurgery as it supplements the abilities of neurosurgeons to offer optimal interventional and non-interventional care to patients by improving prognostic and diagnostic outcomes in clinical therapy and assisting neurosurgeons in making decisions while surgical interventions to enhance patient outcomes. Other technologies including augmented reality, robotics, and virtual reality can assist and promote neurosurgical methods as well. Moreover, they play a significant role in generating, processing, as well as storing experimental and clinical data. Also, the usage of these technologies in neurosurgery is able to curtail the number of costs linked with surgical care and extend high-quality health care to a wider populace. This narrative review aims to integrate the results of articles that elucidate the role of the aforementioned technologies in neurosurgery.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles mitigate toxic effects of Cadmium heavy metal in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

Heavy metals contaminated soils and water sources are one of the major global causes of inhibition of plant growth and productivity. Different strategies are being employed to overcome the challenging issue to increase plant yield requirements to fulfil the needs of future generations. The objective of the present study was to observe the effects of spray (foliar) of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (100 ppm), alone and its interaction in conjugation with Cd (Cd+ZnO-NPs) 100 ppm of both on the growth and biochemical activities of the target plant, i.e., two chilli varieties. After two weeks of transplant, treatments viz., Control (T1), ZnO nanoparticles 100 ppm (T2), Cd 100 ppm (T3), and ZnO nanoparticles 100 ppm + Cd 100 ppm (T4) were given for six weeks and different parameters of growth and biochemical analysis were made. Results have shown that 100 ppm foliar spray of ZnO-NPs has significantly increasing effects on root and shoot growth of chilli plants in alone (ZnO nanoparticles) and Combined (ZnO nanoparticles +Cd heavy metal) treatments mitigating toxic effects of Cd stress. A similar increase in values of total carbohydrates, soluble proteins, free amino acids, and photosynthetic pigments were observed mostly in a combination of Cd+ZnO-NPs treatment showing remediation properties of ZnO nanoparticles against Cd stress in chilli plant. In conclusion, it may be suggested that 100 ppm ZnO-NPs foliar spray can have an increasing effect on the growth parameters of the plants under stressful conditions of Cd heavy metal.
Construction of a Matrix Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Signature Gene-Based Risk Prognostic Signature for Directing Immunotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer Using Single-Cell Analysis and Machine Learning

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are heterogeneous constituents of the tumor microenvironment involved in the tumorigenesis, progression, and therapeutic responses of tumors. This study identified four distinct CAF subtypes of breast cancer (BRCA) using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. Of these, matrix CAFs (mCAFs) were significantly associated with tumor matrix remodeling and strongly correlated with the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway. Consensus clustering of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) BRCA dataset using mCAF single-cell characteristic gene signatures segregated samples into high-fibrotic and low-fibrotic groups. Patients in the high-fibrotic group exhibited a significantly poor prognosis. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis and univariate Cox analysis of bulk RNA-seq data revealed 17 differential genes with prognostic values. The mCAF risk prognosis signature (mRPS) was developed using 10 machine learning algorithms. The clinical outcome predictive accuracy of the mRPS was higher than that of the conventional TNM staging system. mRPS was correlated with the infiltration level of anti-tumor effector immune cells. Based on consensus prognostic genes, BRCA samples were classified into the following two subtypes using six machine learning algorithms (accuracy > 90%): interferon (IFN)-γ-dominant (immune C2) and TGF-β-dominant (immune C6) subtypes. Patients with mRPS downregulation were associated with improved prognosis, suggesting that they can potentially benefit from immunotherapy. Thus, the mRPS model can stably predict BRCA prognosis, reflect the local immune status of the tumor, and aid clinical decisions on tumor immunotherapy.
Using organoids to investigate human endometrial receptivity

The human endometrium is only receptive to an implanting blastocyst in the mid-secretory phase of each menstrual cycle. Such time-dependent alterations in function require intricate interplay of various factors, largely coordinated by estrogen and progesterone. Abnormal endometrial receptivity is thought to contribute to two-thirds of the implantation failure in humans and therefore significantly hindering IVF success. Despite the incontrovertible importance of endometrial receptivity in implantation, the precise mechanisms involved in the regulation of endometrial receptivity remain poorly defined. This is mainly due to a lack of proper in vitro models that recapitulate the in vivo environment of the receptive human endometrium. Organoids were recently established from human endometrium with promising features to better mimic the receptive phase. Endometrial organoids show long-term expandability and the capability to preserve the structural and functional characteristics of the endometrial tissue of origin. This three-dimensional model maintains a good responsiveness to steroid hormones in vitro and replicates key morphological features of the receptive endometrium in vivo, including pinopodes and pseudostratified epithelium. Here, we review the current findings of endometrial organoid studies that have been focused on investigating endometrial receptivity and place an emphasis on methods to further refine and improve this model.
Immunogenicity and Safety of a Newly Developed Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine in Healthy Children: A Multi-National, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Active-Controlled, Phase 3 Study

Korean manufacturers have developed a new varicella vaccine, NBP608. This phase 3, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study aimed to compare the immunogenicity and safety of NBP608 in healthy children to those of VarivaxTM (control). Children aged 12 months to 12 years were randomized in a ratio of 1:1 to receive either NBP608 or the control vaccine. Serum samples were obtained before vaccination and within six to eight weeks after vaccination. In total, 499 participants (NBP608, n = 251; control, n = 248) were enrolled. The seroconversion rate (SCR) measured using a FAMA assay was 99.53% in the NBP608 group, and the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (95% LCL) for the SCR difference (NBP608 minus the control) was 0.52%. This 95% LCL for the difference was higher than the specified non-inferiority margin of −15%. In an assessment using gpELISA, the SCR was 99.53% in the NBP608 group, and the 95% LCL for the SCR difference was 6.5%, which was higher than the specified non-inferiority margin of −15%. There were no significant differences between the NBP608 and control group with respect to the proportions of participants who demonstrated local and systemic solicited AEs. This study indicated that NBP608 had a clinically acceptable safety profile and was not immunologically inferior to VarivaxTM.
Enhanced Superconducting Critical Parameters in a New High-Entropy Alloy Nb0.34Ti0.33Zr0.14Ta0.11Hf0.08

The structural and physical properties of the new titanium- and niobium-rich type-A high-entropy alloy (HEA) superconductor Nb0.34Ti0. 33Zr0.14Ta0. 11Hf0.08 (in at.%) were studied by X-ray powder diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, magnetization, electrical resistivity, and specific heat measurements. In addition, electronic structure calculations were performed using two complementary methods: the Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker Coherent Potential Approximation (KKR-CPA) and the Projector Augmented Wave (PAW) within Density Functional Theory (DFT). The results obtained indicate that the alloy exhibits type II superconductivity with a critical temperature close to 7.5 K, an intermediate electron–phonon coupling, and an upper critical field of 12.2(1) T. This finding indicates that Nb0.34Ti0. 33Zr0.14Ta0. 11Hf0.08 has one of the highest upper critical fields among all known HEA superconductors.
The Development of Old English

1. Introduction 2. The development and diversification of Northwest Germanic 3. The development and diversification of West Germanic 4. A grammatical sketch of Proto-West Germanic 5. The northern West Germanic dialects 6. The separate prehistory of Old English: Sound changes 7. The separate prehistory of Old English: Morphological changes 8. Old English syntax Addenda and corrigenda to Volume I
The impact of gene polymorphism and hepatic insufficiency on voriconazole dose adjustment in invasive fungal infection individuals

Voriconazole (VRZ) is a broad-spectrum antifungal medication widely used to treat invasive fungal infections (IFI). The administration dosage and blood concentration of VRZ are influenced by various factors, posing challenges for standardization and individualization of dose adjustments. On the one hand, VRZ is primarily metabolized by the liver, predominantly mediated by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 enzyme. The genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19 significantly impacts the blood concentration of VRZ, particularly the trough concentration (Ctrough), thereby influencing the drug’s efficacy and potentially causing adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Recent research has demonstrated that pharmacogenomics-based VRZ dose adjustments offer more accurate and individualized treatment strategies for individuals with hepatic insufficiency, with the possibility to enhance therapeutic outcomes and reduce ADRs. On the other hand, the security, pharmacokinetics, and dosing of VRZ in individuals with hepatic insufficiency remain unclear, making it challenging to attain optimal Ctrough in individuals with both hepatic insufficiency and IFI, resulting in suboptimal drug efficacy and severe ADRs. Therefore, when using VRZ to treat IFI, drug dosage adjustment based on individuals’ genotypes and hepatic function is necessary. This review summarizes the research progress on the impact of genetic polymorphisms and hepatic insufficiency on VRZ dosage in IFI individuals, compares current international guidelines, elucidates the current application status of VRZ in individuals with hepatic insufficiency, and discusses the influence of CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms on VRZ dose adjustments and Ctrough at the pharmacogenomic level. Additionally, a comprehensive summary and analysis of existing studies’ recommendations on VRZ dose adjustments based on CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms and hepatic insufficiency are provided, offering a more comprehensive reference for dose selection and adjustments of VRZ in this patient population.
Axonal Protection by Oral Nicotinamide Riboside Treatment with Upregulated AMPK Phosphorylation in a Rat Glaucomatous Degeneration Model

Nicotinamide riboside (NR), a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), has been studied to support human health against metabolic stress, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disease. In the present study, we investigated the effects of oral NR on axonal damage in a rat ocular hypertension model. Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation was induced by laser irradiation and then the rats received oral NR of 1000 mg/kg/day daily. IOP elevation was seen 7, 14, and 21 days after laser irradiation compared with the controls. We confirmed that oral NR administration significantly increased NAD+ levels in the retina. After 3-week oral administration of NR, morphometric analysis of optic nerve cross-sections showed that the number of axons was protected compared with that in the untreated ocular hypertension group. Oral NR administration significantly prevented retinal ganglion cell (RGC) fiber loss in retinal flat mounts, as shown by neurofilament immunostaining. Immunoblotting samples from the optic nerves showed that oral NR administration augmented the phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) level in rats with and without ocular hypertension induction. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that some p-AMPK-immunopositive fibers were colocalized with neurofilament immunoreactivity in the control group, and oral NR administration enhanced p-AMPK immunopositivity. Our findings suggest that oral NR administration protects against glaucomatous RGC axonal degeneration with the possible upregulation of p-AMPK.
Four Fundamental Questions to Evaluate Land Change Models with an Illustration of a Cellular Automata–Markov Model

Numerous models exist for users to simulate land change to communicate with an audience concerning future land change. This article raises four fundamental questions to help model users decide whether to use any model: (1) Can the user understand the model? (2) Can the audience understand the model? (3) Can the user control the model? (4) Does the model address the goals of the specific application? This article applies these questions to the popular cellular automata–Markov (CA–Markov) model as IDRISI’s CA–Markov module expresses. Sensitivity analysis examines 120 ways to set the module’s parameters. Verification compares the module’s behavior to the software’s documentation. Results show that the cellular automata’s allocation fails to follow the quantity of change that the Markov module computes. The module’s behavior is likely to cause users to misinterpret the validation metrics and to miscommunicate with audiences. Thus, the answers to the four questions were not satisfactory for this article’s case study. This article’s framework helps users to judge a model’s appropriateness for a specific application by combining sensitivity analysis with verification in a manner that helps to interpret validation. Users should answer the four questions as they decide whether to use any software’s modules.
Factors That Enhance and Hinder the Retention and Transfer of Online Pre-Clinical Skills Training to Facilitate Blended Learning

Purpose During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, various online instructional strategies in clinical skills training were piloted. The sudden transition to the remote platform circumvented the rigorous planning associated with curriculum reform. This study aimed to explore students’ and tutors’ perceptions of factors that promoted or hindered successful learning transfer and to propose a blended conceptual model to guide affective, cognitive, and psychomotor clinical skills training in the pre-clinical phase of medical education. Methods A mixed-method quasi-experimental study assessed third-year students’ transfer of clinical skills and knowledge following online learning in 2021. Students and their tutors completed online surveys that included open and closed-ended questions regarding factors influencing their experience of the adapted teaching methods. Descriptive statistical analysis was used for the quantitative data. Qualitative responses were thematically analyzed. Results One hundred fourteen students (48%) and seven tutors (100%) responded to the surveys. The questionnaires’ internal consistency and construct validity were determined using Cronbach’s α-Coefficient. There was an overall positive response (86%) to the acceptability of the online platform in clinical skills training. Using online simulations with targeted onsite practice was reported as effective in clinical skills training. Tutors perceived students as well-prepared for the skills laboratory. Five emergent themes, qualified by a linear model of asynchronous and synchronous online and onsite teaching with the evaluation of the instructional design and institutional support, informed the proposed blended learning guide for clinical skills training in the pre-clinical phase. Conclusion Blended clinical skills learning that included the flipped classroom concept was well-accepted. Virtual patients proved a convenient cognitive preparation tool for skills training and potentially optimized teaching delivery. The study found that the adapted teaching frameworks incorporating an online clinical skills component into a modified onsite curriculum augmented learners’ ability to transfer knowledge to the clinical skills laboratory. An integrated five-step blended model is proposed for future interventions.