Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trend analysis of potential evapotranspiration in peninsular Malaysia

Potential evapotranspiration (PET) plays a prominent part in hydrologic water cycle which is responsible for the water from the Earth’s surface travel back to the atmosphere. Climate change brought contradictory changes in PET which led to the inconsistency of PET trend globally. Hence, the present study carried out the trend of potential evapotranspiration using meteorological data from 7 different meteorological stations located in Peninsular Malaysia. Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator tests were employed in this article for PET trend analysis. Bayan Lepas experienced significant increasing trend for both FAO 56-Penman Monteith and Mahringer models during Southwest monsoon. For Mahringer model, significant increasing trends were observed at Ipoh and Pulau Langkawi stations during Northeast and inter monsoon 2, respectively. There were only a few meteorological stations experienced decreasing trend throughout the period. Although the combinations of increasing and decreasing PET trends were observed, it can be highlighted that majority of the PET time series exhibited increasing trend in Peninsular Malaysia.
Effect of Shaker Exercise on Dysphagia Level among Patients with Cerebral Vascular Stroke

Background: Dysphagia is one of the major post-stroke complications that can severely damage patient's quality of life and even endangers patients’ lives. Shaker exercise is one of the indirect methods, behavioral swallowing techniques, may increase the swallowing speed and sensitivity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Shaker exercise on dysphagia level among patients with cerebral vascular stroke. Study design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized to achieve this aim. Setting: This study was conducted at Neurology Ward, Stroke ICU and Intermediate Neurological ICU affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo. Sample: A purposive sample included 68 patients. Tools of data collection: Data were collected using three tools: 1- Structured Interviewing Questionnaire, 2- Clinical data tool, 3- Gugging Swallowing Screening (GUSS) scale. Results: There was a highly statistical significance difference in GUSS score of dysphagia level among patients pre and post implementation of Shaker exercise (P<0.001). The Conclusion: Dysphagia exercise therapy as Shaker exercise was an effective measure in enhancing the swallowing ability among stroke-induced dysphagia patients. Recommendation: Replicate the study on a larger group; selected from different geographical areas in Egypt to obtain more generalized findings in relation to current study
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylase-2 in Tibetan high-altitude adaptation, extramedullary erythropoiesis and skeletal muscle ischemia

Adequate oxygen supply is necessary for aerobic cell survival. Cellular oxygen deprivation, also known as hypoxia, leads to various responses that aim to increase cellular oxygen delivery and reduce oxygen consumption. Oxygen homeostasis is mainly regulated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which regulates the expression of over 300 genes in response to hypoxia. The stability of HIF is regulated by the HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylases (HIF-P4Hs), enzymes that catalyze the hydroxylation of proline residues in HIFα subunits and target them towards proteasomal degradation. HIF-P4Hs require oxygen as a cosubstrate for the reaction, allowing for hypoxic HIF stabilization and target gene induction at low oxygen concentrations. In this study we investigated the role of HIF-P4H-2 in the regulation of red blood cell production, erythropoiesis. We showed that Tibetans living at high altitude have genetically adapted to their hypoxic environment via mutations in the gene encoding for HIF-P4H-2. The Tibetan HIF-P4H-2 D4E,C127S variant showed enhanced hydroxylation of HIFα at low oxygen concentrations, resulting in reduced HIFα protein stabilization under hypoxia. In other studies we used a genetically modified HIF-P4H-2 hypomorphic mouse line which expresses a reduced amount of wild-type Hif-p4h-2 mRNA in tissues. We showed that these mice develop mild age-dependent erythrocytosis due to splenic extramedullary erythropoiesis, which is independent of serum erythropoietin concentration. In addition, these mice were protected against inflammation-induced anemia, a condition commonly seen in patients with inflammatory diseases. The HIF-P4H-2 hypomorphic mice also had altered basal metabolism in their skeletal muscles, which, together with an increase in mean capillary area, reduced their infarct size after skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury. These studies suggest that pharmacological HIF-P4H-2 inhibition may provide a novel treatment for EPO-resistant anemias and peripheral artery disease.
Black Women’s Counter-Stories of Resilience and Within-Group Tensions in the White, Patriarchal Space of Mathematics Education

This article proposes and employs a framework that characterizes mathematics education as a white, patriarchal space to analyze undergraduate Black women’s narratives of experience in navigating P–16 mathematics education. The framework guided a counter-storytelling analysis that captured variation in Black women’s experiences of within-group tensions—a function of internalized racial-gendered ideologies and normalized structural inequities in mathematics education. Findings revealed variation in Black women’s resilience through coping strategies for managing such within-group tensions. This analysis advances equity-oriented efforts beyond increasing Black women’s representation and retention by challenging the racialized-gendered culture of mathematics. Implications for educational practice and research include ways to disrupt P–16 mathematics education as a white, patriarchal space and broaden within-group solidarity, including Sisterhood among Black women.
Energy Consumption Structure and Its Improvement of Low-Lifting Capacity Scissor Lift

The article presents the experimental investigation of low-lifting capacity hydraulic scissor lift energy consumption. The analysis is based on experimental tests of two individual drives of the scissor lift: the conventional one and the variable-speed electro-hydraulic one. The investigation focuses on the study of the total energy consumption for lifting and lowering the scissor lift with different masses of transported cargo and also power consumptions of each element supplying these systems. Particular attention was paid to the significant impact of power supply on each control component as the main factor of reduction in the energetic efficiency of the low-lifting capacity scissor lift. A comparison of both drives indicated that the mass of transported cargo has a significant influence on the choice of the drive used. Results of the research show that significant energetic savings are obtained, as the modernized propulsion system consumes 67% energy of the standard one. A decrease in the percentage of energy losses with the increase in the mass handled led to the conclusion that the enhancement of propulsion systems in scissor lifts should be especially considered in machines carrying big loads.
Neurotoxicity and genotoxicity of the veterinary antibiotics oxytetracycline and trimethoprim-sulphadiazine to Biomphalaria alexandrina snails

ABSTRACT There is increased concern about aquatic contamination with veterinary antibiotics (VAs) residues. The present study tested the effects of two commonly used antimicrobials in animal husbandry, oxytetracycline (OTC) and trimethoprim-sulphadiazine (TMS), on survival rate, DNA integrity and some biochemical parameters in the nervous system and reproductive tissues of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails as bio-indicator organisms for VAs toxicity. The results showed that both antibiotics caused a decline in the survival of snails in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, disturbances in the levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA), antioxidant enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and neurotransmitters were recorded in exposed snails with an overall decrease in these parameters compared to controls. In addition, comet assay revealed DNA damage in snails’ tissues following 96 h exposure. Thus, B. alexandrina snail can be used as a bio-indicator for assessing VAs toxicity and its potential impacts on the nervous system and reproduction of animals.
Seroprevalence and Microbiological Monitoring in Eggs for Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Ornamental Chicken Flocks in Italy

Few data are available about the prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S.E.) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.T.) in ornamental poultry in Italy. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence for S.E. and S.T. using serological tests and the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in eggs by culture methods. For this purpose, 240 serum samples and 216 eggs were sampled from asymptomatic and unvaccinated ornamental hens reared in 24 farms, located in 8 different Italian regions. As screening test, a Tube Serum Agglutination test (TSA) was performed on 231 out of 240 serum samples. Four out of 24 farms (16.67%) were serologically positive for Salmonella spp. for a total of 10 samples. These positive samples were confirmed using an ELISA test and the results show that 5/231 (2.16%) and 7/231 (3.03%) serum samples were positive for S.E. and S.T. respectively, and 2/231 (0.87%) for both serotypes. Among all farms, 2/24 (8.33%) were positive for S.E. and 4/24 (16.67%) for S.T. The analysis of eggs using culture methods gave negative results for both yolk and shell pools (0/48, 0.0%). The seroconversion associated with exposure to S.E. /S.T. in ornamental poultry, poses a potential public health problem. This study confirms that S.E. and S.T. are widespread in studied backyard poultry farms as asymptomatic form, and animals as potential reservoirs of Salmonella. It is necessary to inform farmers that a regular and periodic control of animals, eggs or meat, is very important to prevention of Salmonella foodborne infections and their spread.
The Effect of Gain and Frequency on Eddy Current Testing for Copper Material Defect Inspection

Copper and the copper alloys are some of the most versatile materials available and used for applications in every type of industry with world consumption of exceeding 14 million tonnes per annum. In eddy current testing inspection (ECT), several forms of device calibration must be done before the assessment can be performed. The electronics equipment must be calibrated to ensure the accuracy of measurement. This paper is focused on investigate the optimum frequency and gain for copper material block. The material used to produce the sample test in this project was copper. They are many methods that involved in this project such as producing sample test and artificial defect, conductivity measure and perform calibration for copper material block. Two thickness of copper block were selected 8mm and 16 mm. Artificial defect with depth of defect 0.5 mm, 1mm and 2.0 mm are fabricate on the sample. Different frequency and gain of eddy current testing was used in order to identify the best setting for both parameters in ECT for copper material defect inspection. Experimental result showed that the thickness is directly proportional with the applied gain. From here the negative scanning will giving the good result of different slot of defect comparing the negative scanning. Besides the percentage of increment of signal amplitude being identify with increment 40% signal between 0.5mm and 1.0mm slot of defect. Lastly the depth of the slot is inversely proportional with applied gain.
Birds associated with treefall gaps in a lowland forest in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia

Natural communities are dynamic systems in time and space. The spatial distribution of plants and animals tends to coincide with the availability of resources needed for the survival and reproduction of each species. Natural treefall gaps offer a number of resources that influence the distribution of birds within the forest. We compared the understory bird assemblages of natural treefall gaps (15 sampling points) with those found in the adjacent forest (15 points) in the Humaitá Forest Reserve in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia. We used mist-nets to sample birds and obtained 700 captures of 105 species. Species richness, number of individuals, and species composition were all similar between gaps and forest, although six species presented some degree of association with the gaps, and nine with the forest. Nectarivores preferred gaps significantly over forest, whereas insectivores and frugivores were distributed equally between gaps and forest. Vegetation height and density differed between gaps and forest, and influenced the distribution of bird species in the two environments. Fruit availability was positively correlated with frugivore abundance in gaps. Overall, 33.3% of the birds associated with the treefall gaps are from lower forest canopy, while the others are understory species. We showed that the use of natural gaps by birds in a fragmented landscape of the Amazon forest contributes to the environmental heterogeneity and succession dynamics following natural events of habitat disturbance.
Household expenditure and child health in Vietnam: analysis of longitudinal data

Abstract While the relationship between socioeconomic status and child health has been studied extensively in developed countries, evidence is limited for developing countries. This study makes an important contribution by examining the relationship between child health and household socioeconomic status in Vietnam, using household expenditure as an alternative measure. This also allows us to explore the mechanisms via which income affects child health, in which household consumption arguably plays a crucial role. We employ different measures of health that allow us to examine both long-run and short-run effects, and two alternative instrumental variables, the unemployment rate and rainfall deviation, to address the potential endogeneity of household expenditure. We find evidence of a strong positive impact of household expenditure on child health and the findings are consistent across age groups. Specifically, a 10% increase in expenditure will result in a weight gain of 213–541 g in a “typical” child. We also explore the effect of a range of exogenous adverse economic shocks on children's health.
When subsidiaries follow their parents’ CSR focus: the influence of organizational characteristics on CSR towards target groups

Abstract Corporate social responsibility (CSR) of MNE subsidiaries in emerging markets has mainly been studied through aggregated CSR activities. Instead, this study disaggregates CSR engagement towards target groups into two foci – External and Internal CSR – depending on whether such engagement is outside or within the organization. We explored whether the odds of a wholly owned subsidiary matching its parent’s choice of target groups – for both External and Internal CSR – varied by which organizational cohort it belonged to, based on organizational characteristics. Results of logistic regressions indicate that age of a subsidiary, relative size of the subsidiary and region-of-origin of its parent influence the odds of the subsidiary following its parent’s External CSR focus; while age of a subsidiary, global presence of its parent, and industry type influence the odds of the subsidiary following its parent’s Internal CSR focus. Findings indicate that both through External and Internal CSR, MNE subsidiaries simultaneously pursue legitimacy and competitive advantage, through different primary stakeholder groups, to address both host country and global institutional contexts.
Interaction of calcium carbonate fillers with pulp fibres : Effect of surface charge and cationic polyelectrolytes

Dans une suspension aqueuse de fibres de pâte negativement chargees, les pigments de CaCO 3 sans dispersants se deposent sur les fibres, pourvu qu'elles soient positivement chargees. Cette reaction est observee dans de l'eau distillee. Dans l'eau contaminee par des substances anioniques, le CaCO 3 acquiert une charge negative et ne se depose pas sans l'aide d'un sequestrant. L'introduction de polyethyleneimine cationique (PEI) dans la suspension favorise la deposition entrainee par une interaction electrostatique, pourvu que la teneur en PEI ne soit pas trop importante. Lorsque cette teneur est excessive, les fibres et les pigments se chargent positivement et se repoussent mutuellement. L'introduction de polyacrylamide cationique (PAM) entraine la floculation du pigment et son depot sur les fibres, peu importe la dose de PAM, ce qui indique que l'interaction electrostatique n'est pas un effet dominant. Toutefois, la formation de ponts en elle seule ne suffit pas a expliquer le comportement dans son ensemble.
Crystal Structure and Solid-State Conformational Analysis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Venetoclax

Venetoclax is an orally bioavailable, B-cell lymphoma-2 selective inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, small lymphocytic lymphoma, and acute myeloid leukemia. Venetoclax’s crystal structure was until now determined only when it was bound to a B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) protein, while the crystal structure of this active pharmaceutical ingredient alone has not been reported yet. Herein, we present the first successful crystallization, which provided crystals of venetoclax suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal structure of venetoclax hydrate was successfully determined. The asymmetric unit is composed of two crystallographically independent molecules of venetoclax and two molecules of interstitial water. Intramolecular N–H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in both molecules, and a molecular overlay shows differences in their molecular conformations, which is also observed in respect to venetoclax molecules from known crystal structures of BCL-2:venetoclax complexes. A supramolecular structure is achieved through various N–H⋯N, O–H⋯O, C–H⋯O, C–H⋯π, C–Cl⋯π, ONO⋯π, and π⋯π interactions. The obtained crystals were additionally characterized with spectroscopic techniques, such as IR and Raman, as well as with thermal analysis.
Is Trade in COVID-19 Products in ASEAN Economies a Building or Stumbling Block?

Stumbling blocks to regional integration continue to pose a serious threat to the World Trade Organization (WTO), particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to examine the effect of regional economic integration on trade in COVID-19 products for Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries using quarterly data for 2010–2020. A panel data model is estimated using the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood approach to address zero trade values, cross-sectional dependence, and heterogeneity problems. The findings of a case study on bilateral trade in COVID-19 products reveal that the ASEAN regional trade agreement is a stumbling block to the WTO’s rules-based multilateral trading system. The results indicate that the home country’s productive capacity, the host country’s absorptive capacity, the countries’ similarity in size and per capita income, and the countries’ remoteness have positive and significant relationships with trade in COVID-19 products in ASEAN economies. This study provides several policy implications for Southeast Asian countries.
Evaluation of the Bacillus cereus Strain 1-p Protease for the Unhairing of Goatskins during Leather Production

The unhairing stage of leather processing is associated with the production of significant amounts of solid and liquid wastes. The use of enzymes to replace the polluting sulphides currently used for unhairing is a viable alternative. Various proteases from different Bacillus cereus strains as well as many other bacterial strains have been used successfully for the unhairing of skins. However, no previous work has assessed the use of the crude alkaline protease extract from Bacillus cereus strain 1-p, a novel Bacillus cereus strain obtained from the shores of Lake Bogoria - a soda lake in Kenya – in the unhairing of goatskins. This study, therefore, evaluates the potential of the protease extract from the Bacillus cereus strain 1-p to unhair goatskins. Optimum variables for unhairing using the protease were investigated. Complete unhairing was achieved within 12 hours at 27°C and pH 12 using the crude enzyme. The period and temperature required for complete unhairing were significantly lower than that of other enzymatic unhairing techniques. Compared to the leather unhaired with sulphide, the leather unhaired with the enzyme did not only show superior organoleptic properties but also recorded comparable or superior physical properties, namely tensile strength (26.94 N/mm2), percentage elongation (76.29%), tear strength (43.59 N/mm), and distension at grain crack and burst (7.9 mm and 8.2 mm respectively). The wastewater from the enzymatic unhairing process recorded a significant reduction in biochemical oxygen demand (78%), chemical oxygen demand (83%), and the wastewater volume (50%) compared to the process that uses sulphide. It was concluded that the use of the crude protease extract from the Bacillus cereus strain 1-p in unhairing goatskins is feasible.