Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of harvest date on fruit yield and return bloom in ‘Marsh’ grapefruit trees (Citrus paradisi Macf.) grown under a tropical climate

Summary Grapefruit grown in tropical climates reach a suitable fruit size and juice content for fresh consumption during August – October in the northern hemisphere. However, some tropical plantations delay harvesting until November or December, with the fruit then being used for processing. In our experiments, delaying the harvest from October to December reduced the average mature fruit weight by 10% and increased abscission from 29 to 70 fruit per tree. Juice contents decreased slightly, from 44.5% (w/w) to 43.2% (w/w), while total soluble solids (TSS) contents barely changed, from 10.4 ºBrix to 10.2 ºBrix. Delaying the harvest date also reduced return flowering by 20% in the following Spring, and the number of fruit set by 20%. Mature fruit abscission and reduced flowering were not dependent on weather conditions. The former was spontaneous and due to senescence, while the latter was due to fruit remaining on the tree. Over a 4-year period, our results showed an average reduction of 30% in fruit yield per tree when harvest dates were delayed from October (153 kg tree–1) to December (105 kg tree–1). As juice content and TSS content values were suitable for processing in October, there was no reason to delay the harvest date.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Genotypes using RAPD Markers

Date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L. ) is one of the most important fruit crops in the Middle East. In the present research, RAPD DNA marker was used to characterize six date palm genotypes grown in the Jiroft region of Iran. The pre-screening of 18 primers on genotypes allowed selection of 16 primers which revealed polymorphism and gave reproducible results. All analyzed genotypes were distinguishable by their band patterns. Cluster analysis by UPGMA showed two main clusters for palm genotypes based on difference in fruit color with variation in sexuality and early or mid-season maturities. Mozafati, Kabkab and Mordarsang genotypes were located on the first cluster, while the second cluster consisted of Kaloteh, Male211 and Male504 genotypes, which were most closely related with the highest value in conformity with Nei and Li's similarity value of 0.58. Dendrogram was confirmed as valuable cluster Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) using the first principal component from the molecular data. The results of molecular analysis were adapted with genetic variation. RAPD technology therefore appears very effective for identifying genotypes, polymorphism and genetic distance of date palm.
Why Transformation Efforts Fail

The Heart of Change In some eras, stability matters. Businesses are preoccupied with consolidating their positions. But today’s economic environment is turbulent, and companies of all kinds must either change or die. Yet, people still fi nd change diffi cult. Most people don’t do it well because they have never had a successful change experience. Too often, managers try to instigate change with appeals to reason – with reports, spreadsheets, budgets, plans or mission statements. But these tactics cannot create the widespread sense of urgency organizations need to alter their course. Instead, the “heart of change” resides in the heart itself – the emotions of individual employees. Only deep feelings can motivate people to change familiar behavior, and only individual behavioral changes can drive organizational change. Changes in vision, systems, products and culture all have their roots in behavioral change. Step One: “Increase Urgency” So, how do you reach the heart to create a sense of urgency? A story or artifact that demonstrates the problem works better than endless explanation. One vivid, creative and inexpensive demonstration constructed by a frustrated manufacturing company manager provides a good illustration. The company had no central purchasing system or policy; instead, each factory bought its own supplies. Convinced that this was a waste of money, the manager asked a summer intern to fi nd out what kinds of gloves each factory used and how much they cost. The manager knew things were bad, but he was astonished to discover that the factories used 424 different kinds of gloves, which they purchased for prices ranging from less than $5 to more than $15 per pair. Next, the intern obtained a sample of each glove and sorted the samples into categories by price and division. “The heart of change is in the emotions. The fl ow of see-feelchange is more powerful than that of analysisthink-change. ” “The emotions that undermine change include anger, false pride, pessimism, arrogance, cynicism, panic, exhaustion, insecurity and anxiety. The facilitating emotions include faith, trust, optimism, urgency, reality-based pride, passion, excitement, hope and enthusiasm. ”
Effects of yuzu juice-supplemented diets on prevention of dark muscle discoloration during storage in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata and detection of yuzu flavor components in fish meat.

養殖ブリの高付加価値化を目的として下記の試験を行った。 試験 1 ではユズ果汁をブリ飼料に添加することによって血合筋の褐変を抑制できるか検討した。 飼料 1 kg にユズ果汁を段階的に添加し，ブリ幼魚に 40 日間給与した。 ユズ果汁の添加によって，成長を損なう事無く，血合筋の褐変が抑制されていた。 試験 2 としてユズ果汁を添加した飼料を 30 日間与えたブリの筋肉中からユズ香気成分の検出と同定を行い，香りの成分が果汁を添加した飼料より移行し，蓄積されたことを明らかにした。
The Size of Certain Naiades from Western Lake Erie in Relation to Shoal Exposure

The variability of shell characters in fresh-water mussels, particularly those of size, shape and color, has received attention from a considerable number of malacologists. Since many taxonomists in the group have relied entirely upon these characters for specific and varietal designations, investigations into their significance are of importance. During July and August of 1937, three ecologically distinct habitats were studied in the island area of western Lake Erie, in an attempt to correlate, if possible, the limnological factors operating in these habitats, with the size of certain mussels living there. More than 1000 specimens were collected. These were represented by 24 species, eight of which were present in large enough numbers to be of value in our measurements.
LIFE HISTORY VARIABILITY AND' LARVAL ECOLOGY OF AOTEAPSYCHE COLONICA (TRICHOPTERA: HYDROPSYCHIDAE) IN THE SOUTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND

Winterbourn, M. J. Sc Harding, J. S. (1993). Life history variability and larval ecology of Aoteapsyche colonica (TrichopterarHydropsychidae) in the South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Natural Sciences 20:23-33. The larval life history oiAoteapsyche colonica was examined at four stream sites, including two lake outlets, in the South Island of New Zealand. The first two instars occurred most frequently in early summer or late autumn-winter, and populations were dominated by fourth and fifth instar larvae in spring. Populations were essentially univoltine although some eariy hatching individuals may complete larval development (and possibly emerge) in 5-6 months where autumn watertemperatures permit sufficiently rapid growth. Annual production estimates fortwo ofthe four populations were 3.55 and 2.9 g DW m"2. In all months gut contents of final instar larvae from Grasmere Stream, Cass consisted predominantly of plant detritus, filamentous algae, and to a lesser extent diatoms and arthropod prey. Small conspecifics were taken by some larvae in summer when the former were most abundant. In the same stream, larval density was significantly correlated with current velocity in two of five months when measurements were made. Larvae were also overrepresented at higher current velocities in Blue Duck Creek, Kaikoura, but substrate size relationships differed La successive years. The broad habitat and food requirements ofthe larvae are consistent with their distribution in a wide range of running waters.
Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Therapeutic Activities of Propolis: A Critical Review

Propolis, a resinous bee-hive product referred as "bee glue", is collected from various plant sources, such as buds of conifer and poplar trees, by honeybees (Apis mellifera). Honeybees blend this resinous non-toxic substance with their salivary secretions and wax flakes secreted from special glands on their abdomens. Propolis has been used as a heal- ing agent for thousands of years in folk medicine. There is substantial evidence indicating that propolis exhibits a broad spectrum of therapeutic (biological/pharmacological) properties such as antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antitumor, anticancer, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective properties. Propolis contains more than 200-300 natural compounds. The biological/pharmacological activities of propolis depend on the presence of a large number of polyphenols, mainly flavonoids (flavonoid aglycones), aromatic acids, phenolic acid esters (caffeates and ferulates), triterpenes, diterpenic acids and lignanes. The chemical composition and beneficial properties of propolis vary depending on the plant source, geographic origin and collection time. Present overview is an attempt to discuss the mo- lecular mechanism(s) underlying the diverse biological effects of propolis.
Correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism of adiponectin gene and type 2 diabetes in Chinese

Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of adiponectin gene (SNP+45 and SNP+276) were screened in Chinese population. The results showed that the distribution of SNP+45 genotypes were significantly different and G/G genotype in type 2 diabetic population appeared more frequently than that in non-diabetic population. It suggests that adiponectin gene seems to be the susceptive gene in Chinese type 2 diabetics.
Effect of soil depth on seedling emergence in tropical soil seed-bank investigations

1. Investigations of tropical soil seed banks have reported large differences in apparent seed densities based on seedling emergence from soil set out under gap conditions. To examine to what extent these differences might reflect different methodologies rather than actual differences in seed density, soil samples of different depths were laid out in germination trays. 2. There was a marked effect of soil depth on total seedling emergence. Germination trays containing soil layers of ≥ 10 mm markedly underestimated total seed density. Relative abundance of species in the samples did not alter with depth. Almost all seedling emergence occurred within the first 6 weeks for all soil depths. 3. It is recommended that future tropical soil seed-bank investigations should spread soil to ≤ 5 mm. This should not restrict the sample sizes used in seed-bank investigations as rapid germination from shallow soils allows rapid turnover of samples
Spirituality and Social Work Students in Their First Year of Study at a South African University

President Mandela poses a challenge for social workers and educators with his call to heal old wounds and build a new South Africa. This paper focuses on the identification and development of the internal resources which need to be 1}10bi-lised for this process: spiritual commitment; experiences of suffering; and inter-connectedness with others. These issues were investigated with social work students. The fmdings have shown that students are committed to values of justice, compassion and hope, and have a profound sense of interconnectedness with others. This can be explained by notions of personhood (botholubuntu) in Africa. This has implications regarding what is taught and how it is taught; the kinds of relationships social work educators have with their students and how they assist students through their educational journey; and the contributions social work educators themselves make to the development of justice and peace.
Regulatory effect of cyclooxygenase-2 on the apoptosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells and its possible mechanism

Objective Some experimental results indicated that cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) was involved in the regulatory process of balance between cell apoptosis and multiplication. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of COX 2 on the course of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell apoptosis and its possible signal pathway. Methods Apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells (PC 3, highly expressed COX 2) induced by selective COX 2 inhibitor, Celebrex (IC 50 , 100 μmol), was detected by using DNA gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry and electron microscopy. Expressions of apoptotic related genes mRNA, including bcl xl, bax, Survivin, were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Results Substantial apoptosis was induced by the treating PC 3 cells with Celebrex, as revealed by typical ladder pattern of DNA fragments under DNA electrophoresis, increment of apoptotic apportion, and apoptotic body under electron microscopy. Apoptotic inhibitory genes, bcl xl, bax, Survivin, were expressed in PC 3 cells, and were down regulated significantly by Celebrex in bcl xl and Survivin but not for bax. Conclusion Above findings suggest that the COX 2 pathway contributes to the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell, which may be via signal transduction of bcl xl and Survivin genes.
The growth and yields of eight plum cultivars grafted on two rootstocks in central Poland.

The pomological values of eight different plum cultivars (Prunus domestica L.): 'Renklod Haritonowoj', 'Valcean', 'Jubileum', 'Felsina', 'V72333', 'Yellow Afaska', 'President' and 'Record' were evaluated. The field experiment was set up in spring of 2004, in the Experimental Orchard in Dąbrowice (central Poland). Trees were grown on two generative rootstocks: Myrobalan and 'Wangenheim Prune' seedlings. Assessments of tree growth, yields, fruit quality and susceptibility to diseases and to frost of the plum cultivars were the aims of investigations. The trees of the cultivars: 'Record' and 'Renklod Haritonowoj' grafted on Myrobalan seedlings grew most vigorously in first years after planting. Growth of the trees of all cultivars grafted on 'Wangenheim Prune' seedling was about 20-50% weaker than on Myrobalan. Healthy status of trees was good. Symptoms of PPV appeared on single trees of the cultivars: 'Jubileum', 'Valcean' and 'Record'. The biggest yields were harvested from the trees of: 'Felsina' and 'President', grafted on 'Wangenheim Prune' seedling, and the smallest from the trees of the 'Valcean' cultivar grafted on Myrobalan seedlings. Crops so far have been small because of the young age of the trees, and they were also affected by spring frosts in 2007. The damages to floral buds by spring frosts were different, depending on the cultivar. The buds of 'Felsina' were not so sensitive to low temperatures. The most severe frost injuries (100% buds) were observed on the trees of the two early cultivars: 'Valcean' and 'Renklod Haritonowoj'.
Inhibitions of FASN suppress triglyceride synthesis via the control of malonyl-CoA in goat mammary epithelial cells

Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is the key enzyme for de novo fatty acid synthesis from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. All the steps involved in fatty acid synthesis by FASN have been clearly defined in monogastrics and ruminants. However, there are no data on the mechanism of how FASN affects triglyceride synthesis. Inhibition of FASN in goat mammary epithelial cells by C75, a synthetic inhibitor of FASN activity, and shRNA markedly suppressed the accumulation of triglyceride in goat mammary epithelial cells. Meanwhile, C75 treatment significantly reduced the relative content of monounsaturated fatty acids (C16:1 and C18:1). Corresponding to the suppression of lipid accumulation, both of C75 and shRNA also decreased the mRNA expression of GPAM, AGPAT6 and DGAT2, all of which are related to triglyceride synthesis. The fact that treatment of malonyl-CoA decreased the expression of these genes is consistent with the results of shRNA treatment. Furthermore, the supplement of malonyl-CoA enhanced the suppression on GPAM, AGPAT6, LPIN1, DGAT1 and DGAT2. The results underscore the role of malonyl-CoA in inhibition of FASN in regulating triglyceride synthesis in goat mammary epithelial cells.
Quinolizidine Alkaloid Profiles of South American Lupins: Lupinus linearis and the Lupinus gibertianus Complex

Abstract The alkaloid composition of leaves of Lupinus linearis Desr. (3 ecotypes) and L. gibertia nus Smith (6 ecotypes) from Argentina and Brazil were studied by capillary gas-liquid chromatography and GLC-mass spectrometry (EI-MS). Both species are closely related according to morphological criteria. This view is supported by the alkaloid profiles which are very similar and share a series of new and uncommon alkaloids. Main alkaloids are lupanine, 13-hydroxylupanine, esters of 13-hydroxylupanine (e.g. 13-angeloyloxylupanine, 13-tigloyloxylupanine, 13-benzoyloxylupanine, 13-cis/trans-cinnamoyloxylupanine). Minor alkaloids are: sparteine, 11,12 -dehydrosparteine, ammodendrine, tetrahydrorhom bifoline, angustifoline, α-isolupanine, 5,6-dehydrolupanine, 11,12-dehydrolupanine, N-formylangustifoline, 13-cis-cinnamoyloxymultiflorine. New minor alkaloids which have been tentatively identified by GLC-MS are 13-hydroxy-17-oxolupanine and corresponding esters (13-an-geloyloxy-17-oxolupanine, 13-tigloyloxy-17-oxolupanine, 13-benzoyloxy-17-oxolupanine, 13-cis-cinnamoyloxy-17-oxolupanine, and 13-trans-cinnamoyloxy-17-oxolupanine).
On the external male genitalia and phylogenetic relationships of the tribal taxa of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Five characters of the external male genitalia of 67 microgastrine species of 21 genera distributed in the Oriental and Palaearctic regions (including 14 genera known from China) and 2 species of Cardiochiles (as outgroup)were studied comparatively. Based on morphological studies, 34 characters including head, thorax, abdomen, female and male genitalia, and biological characters of 21 genera of 5 tribes were selected for cladistic analysis in an attempt to reassess the phylogenetic relationships among the tribes and genera of the Microgastrinae previously described by Mason (1981). The results generally supported Masons framework of two main clades (Apantelini + Microgastrini) and (Forniciini + Cotesiini + Microplitini) in the Microgastrinae. The tribes Apantelini, Forniciini and Microplitini as monophyletic groups were also supported, but other two tribes, Microgastrini and Cotesiini, defined by Mason (1981) were not supported as monophyletic groups by the cladistic analysis. In conclusion, the tribes arranged by Mason (1981), although imperfect, are generally credible and applicable, and we consequently disagree with Walker et al. s (1990) opinion that Masons classification is not applicable.
Deception and nondeception in guilty knowledge and guilty actions polygraph tests.

Two polygraph tests, the Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT) and the Guilty Actions Test (GAT), were compared in a laboratory setting. Men (N = 120) who committed or witnessed a mock crime were required to answer no, to repeat items, or to remain silent in response to items on the GKT or the GAT. A monetary reward was promised for appearing innocent on the test. An interaction with scores based on skin resistance responses showed that innocent witnesses tested on the GKT and guilty participants tested with either the GKT or the GAT scored more in the guilt direction than did innocent witnesses tested on the GAT. Furthermore, participants who were required to say no were more reactive to key items than were participants in the silent group.
Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Contents of Sugars and Ascorbic Acid in'Senshu' Apple Fruit

果汁品質が良好であるリンゴ'千秋'果実について,光環境,着果量など環境条件と各種糖含量,アスコルビン酸含量との関係について検討した. 1. 遮光処理,果実への袋掛け処理とも,対照区に比べグルコース,フルクトース,スクロース含量が減少した. 特にスクロース含量は,遮光処理区で減少が著しかった. また,アスコルビン酸含量も遮光,袋掛け処理によって減少した. 2. 摘葉処理区では全糖含量が大きく減少し,とりわけスクロースの減少が著しかった. またアスコルビン酸含量も減少した. 過着果処理では対照区に比べ,フルクトース,スクロース含量は大きく減少し,アスコルビン酸含量も減少した. ただし着色の良好な果実では着色の劣る果実に比べ,これらの値はいずれも高かった. 以上から,リンゴ果実の糖含量の中でも,スクロース含量が光条件や着果量によって大きく影響を受け,またアスコルビン酸含量は光条件に加え,葉の働きとも密接に関係することが示唆された.
Acceleration of Changes in Session Impact During Contrasting Time-Limited Psychotherapies

Following the suggestion that therapeutic change is accelerated in time-limited psychotherapy, this study investigated the across-session patterns of session impact in the treatments of 1 17 depressed clients who were randomly allocated to 8 or 16 sessions of cognitive-behavioral (CB) or psychodynamic-interpersonal (PI) therapy. After each session, all clients completed the Session Evaluation Questionnaire and 75 of the clients completed the Session Impacts Scale. Session ratings indicated that sessions were perceived increasingly positively on most impact dimensions (e.g., session depth and smoothness, relationship with the therapist, feelings of understanding and problem solving, postsession positive mood ) as treatment progressed. Early in treatment, PI therapy sessions were less smooth (i.e., more tense and uncomfortable) and less focused on problem solving, but PI sessions changed more rapidly than CB sessions on these dimensions, so that later in treatment, sessions of both treatments were equivalently positive. In both treatments, the trend toward more positive sessions was more rapid (i.e., the across-session slope was steeper) in 8-session treatments than in 16-session treatments. Such accelerated changes in session impact may reflect the suggested acceleration of therapeutic change associated with shorter time limits.
An Experimental Test for a Ceiling on Sustained Metabolic Rate in Lactating Mice

Time-averaged sustained metabolic rates (SusMRs) of humans and wild animals have been observed not to exceed about seven times basal metabolic rate (BMR), which suggests a possible ceiling on sustained metabolic scope. We tested experimentally for such a ceiling by subtracting or adding pups to vary the litter size of lactating mother mice between five and 26 pups. Mothers could regularly wean 14pups but not more (natural litter size is 8-10). Although food intake at peak lactation increased to as much as 3.4 times virgin values and increased with litter size, digestive efficiency remained constant The mass of the small intestine and of other gut compartments increased up to severalfold at peak lactation, and as a consequence so did the intestine's brush-border uptake capacities for glucose and for proline. Time-averaged sustained metabolic rate at peak lactation reached 7.2 times BMR; this ratio is evidently close to a ceiling on sustained metabolic scope. Estimates of intestinal nutrient uptake capacities exceeded nutrient intakes by only a modest safety margin of reserve capacity. Intestinal hypertrophy during lactation tended to preserve those safety margins and thus to maintain digestive effciency. Conversely, postlactational intestinal atrophy and the modest size of the safety margins tended to avoid waste of biosynthetic energy.