Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gut Microbiota – A Potential Contributor in the Pathogenesis of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the major psychiatric disorders that is characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and mania (or hypomania), leading to seriously adverse outcomes with unclear pathogenesis. There is an underlying relationship between bacterial communities residing in the gut and brain function, which together form the gut-brain axis (GBA). Recent studies have shown that changes in the gut microbiota have been observed in a large number of BD patients, so the axis may play a role in the pathogenesis of BD. This review summarizes briefly the relationship between the GBA and brain function, the composition and changes of gut microbiota in patients with BD, and further explores the potential role of GBA-related pathway in the pathogenesis of BD as well as the limitations in this field at present in order to provide new ideas for the future etiology research and drug development.
Zebrafish as a Vertebrate Model for Studying Nodavirus Infections

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a neurotropic pathogenic virus affecting a multitude of marine and freshwater fish species that has a high economic impact on aquaculture farms worldwide. Therefore, the development of new tools and strategies aimed at reducing the mortality caused by this virus is a pivotal need. Although zebrafish is not considered a natural host for NNV, the numerous experimental advantages of this species make zebrafish an attractive model for studying different aspects of the disease caused by NNV, viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER). In this work, we established the best way and age to infect zebrafish larvae with NNV, obtaining significant mortalities in 3-day-postfertilization larvae when the virus was inoculated directly into the brain or by intramuscular microinjection. As occurs in naturally susceptible fish species, we confirmed that after intramuscular injection the virus was able to migrate to the central nervous system (CNS). As expected, due to the severe damage that this virus causes to the CNS, alterations in the swimming behavior of the zebrafish larvae were also observed. Taking advantage of the existence of transgenic fluorescent zebrafish lines, we were able to track the migration of different innate immune cells, mainly neutrophils, to the site of infection with NNV via the brain. However, we did not observe colocalization between the viral particles and neutrophils. RNA-Seq analysis of NNV-infected and uninfected larvae at 1, 3 and 5 days postinfection (dpi) revealed a powerful modulation of the antiviral immune response, especially at 5 dpi. We found that this response was dominated by, though not restricted to, the type I interferon system, the major defence mechanism in the innate immune response against viral pathogens. Therefore, as zebrafish larvae are able to develop the main characteristic of NNV infection and respond with an efficient immune arsenal, we confirmed the suitability of zebrafish larvae for modelling VER disease and studying different aspects of NNV pathogenesis, immune response and screening of antiviral drugs.
Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Ureterolithotomy and Ureteroscopic Laser Lithotripsy for Treatment of Proximal Ureteral Stones, a Comparative Study

Iraqi Board for Medical Specialization. recommended ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) or shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) as the first option, although percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (LU) may be the suitable option.Laparoscopic and robotic ureterolithotomy have been described for proximal and mid-ureteral calculi, with success rates for stone clearance in selected cases of 93% to 100%. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic as a minimally invasive treatment is continuosly gaining place in the treatment of urinary stones,mainly replacing open surgery,it is mostly recommended ror large impacted stones. OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety, efficacy, operative time, postoperative hospital stay, and complications rate of transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy for treatment of upper ureteral stones, equal to or larger than 15 mm in longest diameter. PATIENT AND METHODS: Forty-two patients with upper ureteral stones of 15 mm or larger in longest diameter were included in this study. Eighteen patients were treated by transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and 24 patients by ureteroscopy using semi-rigid ureteroscope with Holmium laser lithotripsy. Operative time, intraoperative complications, stone-free rate, postoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay and post-operative auxiliary treatment were compared in both groups. RESULTS: The mean stones size was comparable in both groups, it was 20.5 ± 6.8 mm in Ureteroscopy group and 20.3 ± 6.7 mm in laparoscopic group, (P. value > 0.05). The mean operative time was significantly shorter in ureteroscopy group, 46.3 ± 27.3 minutes compared to 66.4± 19.1 minutes in laparoscopic group. Regarding the Patients in laparoscopic group needed longer hospital stay with a mean time of 2.2 ± 0.4 days, while in ureteroscopy group, the meantime of hospitalization was 1.1 ± 0.45 days. The stone free rate in laparoscopic group was 100%, compared to 62.5% in ureteroscopy group giving a statistically significant difference, (P. value = 0.003), and the ancillary treatment was needed in 37.5% of patients treated by ureteroscope. Postoperatively in ureteroscopic group, three patients had gross hematuria, while only one Patients in laparoscopic group had pyelonephritis, however, no significant difference in frequency of postoperative complications between both groups, (P. value> 0.05). CONCLUSION: Transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy has a higher stone-free rate, but longer operative time and hospital stay compared to ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy for the treatment of upper ureteral stone 15 mm or
Read My Lips ? Taxes and Elections ∗

We introduce a new dataset that includes quantitative harmonized indices of tax reforms based on qualitative information of about 900 Economic Surveys from the OECD and 37,000 tax-related news from the IBFD archives. The data set provides indicators on tax reforms for tax rates and tax bases, along with detailed sub-indices for six types of taxes (23 countries, 1960–2014). Relating tax reforms to the timing of elections, we examine electoral cycles in tax reforms. Our results show that politicians postpone tax rate increases to after elections. A key innovation of our data set is the coverage of harmonized indices for six tax types. Examining heterogeneity across tax types, we find that electoral cycles are particularly pronounced for value added tax rates and personal income tax rates.
Response of sorghum genotypes for turcicum leaf blight [Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs] and agronomic performances in southern Ethiopia

A field study consisting of fourteen sorghum genotypes was conducted to determine turcicum leaf blight (TLB) intensity, resistant reactions, and agronomic performance of sorghum genotypes at Arba Minch and Derashe, southern Ethiopia. The study was carried out during the 2018 cropping year (March to July). A significant (P < 0.05 to < 0.0001) variations were observed in the magnitude of TLB intensity, resistant reactions and agronomic parameters among the evaluated sorghum genotypes as well as locations. The results indicated broad ranges of difference in disease progress rate with 0.0138 (Seredo) to 0.0392 (Rara) units day-1 at Arba Minch and 0.0138 (Kentera) to 0.0392 (Rara) units day-1 at Derashe were observed on the evaluated genotypes. The results also showed wide ranges of variations in incidence (71.15– 83.51%) on average for the two locations. The highest mean severity (59.80 and 83.60%) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) (988.65 and 1261.38%-days) were noticed from genotype Rara at Arba Minch and Derashe, respectively. The lowest mean severity and AUDPC were noted from genotype Gambella with 7.97 and 13.64% and 132.66 and 214.84%-days at Arba Minch and Derashe, respectively. Based on TLB mean severity score, sorghum genotypes were categorized as 42 and 29% resistant, 35 and 35% moderately resistant, and 23 and 28% susceptible at Arba Minch and Derashe, respectively. In addition, significant genotypic differences were observed for crop phenology, growth, yield, and yield-related parameters. The genotypes, 76TI#23 (4444.44 kg ha-1) and Melkam (4444.44 kg ha-1) (at Arba Minch) and Dekeba (1333.33 kg ha-1) (at Derashe) showed the highest grain yields as compared to the other genotypes in the two locations. Various association degrees were observed between disease scores and crop parameters. Overall results pointed out that genotypes such as 76TI#23, Meko-1, Seredo, and Gambella-1107 exhibited consistent resistance reaction to TLB, although they showed variable grain yield potential across the locations. The genotype 76TI#23 is suggested to the producers with appropriate field management practices for sorghum production, and Gambella-1107, Seredo, 76TI#23, and Meko-1 used as a source of parental material for TLB resistance development in a future breeding program.
Seasonal Fluctuations of N, P and K in Leaves Influenced Nutrient Requirement During Fruit Development Stages in Different Olive Genotypes

Olive is grown in semi-arid climatic conditions; however, little is known about mineral changes in olive plant and nutrient requirements during the production period. Hence, the current study was conducted under Pothwar agro-climatic conditions in order to select appropriate stage of macronutrients (N, P, K) application in relation to soil and leaf nutritional status during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Soil and leaf analysis were performed at four different phenological stages (i.e. flowering, fruit setting, fruit enlargement and fruit maturity stages). The results revealed that the assessed macronutrient in leaf and soil varied significantly among varieties, phenological stages and growing year. The results revealed also that nitrogen level was found to decrease from fruit set (1.56%) to fruit enlargement stage (1.47%). Leaf and soil N, P and K contents were found higher before the flowering (stage 1) and depleted after fruit harvesting (stage 4), regardless of olive varieties. However, high yielding varieties showed lower nutrients after fruit harvesting (stage 4). Therefore, N content in leaf and soil gradually decreased during fruit growth and development. Whereas, K content in leaf and soil sharply declined from fruit maturity to fruit ripening stage. Overall, the trend of nutrient depletion showed that plants need phosphorus for fruit setting, nitrogen before and after fruit setting, and potash after pit hardening or at oil accumulation stages. HIGHLIGHTS • Overall, N, P, K contents were higher in leaves during flowering and then depleted during fruit development stages. • Nitrogen content was found higher in Coratina among four olive cultivars • Leaf phosphorus and potassium content was observed higher in Ottobratica and Leccino cultivars. Iqbal, M.A.; et al. 2 Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. Vol.65: e22210347, 2022 www.scielo. br/babt
Metacognition in Science Learning: Bibliometric Analysis of Last Two Decades

The main objective of this study was to map (1) the research of metacognition in science learning; (2) learning interventions used and metacognition’s key components that learned, integrated, and investigated; and (3) future research recommendations of metacognition research in science learning. We analyzed 438 scientific documents published in journals and books indexed in the Scopus database using VOSviewer software to visualize research trends and main keywords investigated of metacognition in science learning. The research findings show that research in the field of metacognition in science learning through the metacognition as attribution that integrated into learning interventions and as a learning outcome has increased in the last two decades. Scientific concepts understanding, critical thinking skills, motivation, and attention are the main goals in metacognition research. Inquiry-based learning, such as problem-based learning, is the most frequently used intervention to teach students metacognition. The research gaps found are (1) the cognitive regulations are the most investigated aspect, while cognitive aspects such as declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, and conditional knowledge have not been widely investigated in science learning; (2) metacognition research on college students has a high frequency compared to school students; and (3) the integration of metacognition in online learning is still less investigated, this is indicated by the recommendations of several research results that encourage the integration of self-regulated learning into online learning.
Post-vaccination Adverse Reactions After Receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines Among Healthcare Workers in Sapporo, Japan

Background/objective Although a third dose of the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine was initiated, the reports of the post-vaccination adverse reactions after dose three from Japan were limited. We aimed to report on post-vaccination adverse reactions to the third dose of the vaccine among healthcare workers and compare the results with those after the first two doses of vaccine at a tertiary medical center in Japan. Materials and methods After each vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) administration, healthcare workers answered a Web-based questionnaire for two consecutive days regarding local and systemic adverse reactions and anaphylaxis reactions. Information about those who took antipyretics and analgesics was also collected. Data were collected using Microsoft Forms (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA), a web-based questionnaire software. We compared the proportions of post-vaccination adverse reactions among the three doses of vaccine using the chi-squared test. Results A total of 1,990 employees received the first dose in March 2021, 1,988 employees received the second dose in April 2021, and 1,748 employees received the third dose between December 2021 and January 2022. The median age was 32 years and 21% were men. Local and systemic adverse reactions were greater after dose three than those with the primary series, except for nausea and vomiting. Injected site pain, fatigue, and headache were the three most commonly reported adverse reactions throughout the three sessions. A total of four employees developed anaphylaxis reactions. Additionally, 944 and 1,016 employees reported taking antipyretics and analgesics after doses two and three. Conclusions The coronavirus 2019 booster vaccine was safe and well-tolerated. Clinicians should encourage the public to receive the coronavirus 2019 vaccine series.
Accounting Teachers’ Readiness for Virtual Classroom During the Covid-19 Pandemic, South Africa

Accounting education is crucial because it establishes the core knowledge required for education and growth in any country. During COVID-19, teachers in Accounting schools, like those in other educational institutions, were expected to adopt virtual classroom to continue their educational activities. This study aimed to demonstrate the virtual classroom readiness of Accounting school teachers in South Africa during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study employed qualitative research methods in this study, and the case study research design was used to explore the reality about virtual classroom readiness of Accounting school teachers and semi-structured interviews and thematic content analysis were employed to generate data. Results show that teachers are not prepared to implement virtual classroom during the Covid-19, according to the findings, and no one is assisting them. Another result indicated that virtual classroom facilities are lacking in schools. Education officials should offer ongoing virtual classroom courses for teachers, according to the study. In this study author concludes that, in order for instructors to be prepared for virtual classroom, educational administrators must oversee its implementation. In this study the author recommends that teachers must notify people in charge of education about what needs to be done in order to provide high-quality instruction.
Impact of potash management through gliricidia green leaf manuring on carbon pools and yield of rainfed cotton in vertisols

A field study entitled, “Effect of potash management through gliricidia green leaf manuring on carbon pools and yield of rainfed cotton in Vertisols” was conducted during kharif 2019-20 at Research field of AICRP for Dryland Agriculture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra. The soil of the experimental site was Vertisol which was moderately alkaline in reaction, low in available nitrogen, Medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. The nine treatments replicated three times in randomized block design comprised of control, 100% RDF (60:30:30 NPK kg ha -1 ), 100%, 75% and 50% N and 100% P through chemical fertilizers and the combinations of 15, 20 and 30 kg K ha -1 through gliricidia green leaf manure at 30 DAS and remaining recommended dose of potassium as basal dose through inorganic fertilizers. The results indicated that application of 100% NP + 10 kg K (inorganic) + 20 kg K ha -1 through gliricidia green leaf manure at 30 DAS recorded significantly higher cotton yield with improvement in various carbon pools, and it was found to be on par with application of 100% NP + 15 kg K (inorganic) + 15 kg K ha -1 through gliricidia green leaf manure. Among the various carbon pools, the very labile and labile carbon pool was highly correlated with yield of cotton. Hence, it is concluded that conjunctive application of 100% NP + 10 kg K (inorganic) + 20 kg K ha -1 through gliricidia green leaf manuring at 30 DAS resulted in higher organic carbon pools and yield of cotton grown in Vertisols under rainfed conditions.
Tropical Plant Species Living Under P Limitation Show Signs of Greater Resistance to Drought

Tropical forests are fundamental in the global water and carbon cycles, yet they are under threat of drought induced mortality. Tropical forests typically grow in phosphorus (P) pool soils. Through compiling data from tropical forests around the world, we showed that multiple tropical species acclimated to P deficiency have a higher hydraulic safety margin, which means they are less vulnerable to hydraulic failure. Through detailed experiments in subtropical China, we further uncovered the underlying mechanism is that species acclimated to P deficiency would have higher the stem area: leaf area ratio and strengthening vessel wall reinforcement. Our finding highlights the importance of including P availability into models when forecast the mortality risk of tropical forest in response to climate changes.
Implementation of optical module performance prediction and maintenance on data-driven

The SFF.8472 protocol defines five key DDM attributes: operating temperature (Temp), operating voltage (Vcc), bias current (Tx_Bias), receiving power (Rx_Power), and transmitting power (Tx_Power). All the five DDM attributes are related to the degradation degree and expected remaining life of the optical module. Therefore, DDM can be used for diagnosis and early warning of optical module failure. The optical power feedback control unit inside the optical module can control the Tx_Power at a stable level, but with the aging of the laser, the quantum efficiency of the laser will decrease. Power control is achieved by improving the Tx_Bias of the laser, so we can predict its life by monitoring the Tx_Bias of the laser. Meanwhile, the Tx_Bias of the laser is closely related to Temp and Vcc, and the influence of Temp and Vcc needs to be considered when setting the Tx_Bias limit. Optical module failure is mainly caused by theperformance degradation of the transmitting laser. The data-driven optical module performance prediction and maintenance is implemented based on data labeling/feature engineering/K Means clustering/GBDT model, effectively predicting the optical module performance status. Compared with the threshold-based implementation method, the data-driven method can predict module performance in advance and generate timely warning messages to remind timely maintenance.
FACTORS AFFECTING USER ACCEPTANCE OF ELEARNING IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CONTEXT OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY OF HEALTH SCIENCE

The level of elearning utilization varies across educational institutions according to the readiness of their stakeholders. This study analyzes the factors that influence the acceptance and use of elearning by users at STIKes XYZ, a college of health sciences in Indonesia. This study uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) was used in this study with several variables that have been customized for the study. Quantitative data collection was carried out using an online questionnaire. The respondents of this questionnaire were students and lecturers at STIKes XYZ. The quantitative data analysis used Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with the help of smartPLS tools and revealed that habit, hedonic motivation, and information quality have a significant influence on the user’s intention to use the elearning system. Also, habit and behavioral intention affect the actual use of elearning systems. The qualitative data analysis used open coding, and the results were grouped into 28 labels and ten categories that influenced user acceptance of elearning. These results were used to deepen the analysis of the quantitative findings. There are five recommendations presented in this paper to increase the acceptance of elearning systems.
Influence of Post Weld Cryogenic Treatment on the Ballistic Penetration Resistance of Friction Stir-Welded AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

Influence of post weld cryogenic treatment conditions (deep and shallow) on the ballistic resistance of friction stir welded (FSW) AZ31B magnesium alloy has been investigated. AZ31B welded joints which were prepared by using friction stir welding process were subjected to two types of cryogenic treatment conditions. The microstructural investigation of cryogenic treated joints showed the formation of Mg17Al12 precipitates and conversion of coarse eutectic phase into thin discontinues phase along with halos. In addition, superior microhardness values were noticed for the cryogenically treated joints compared with non-treated joints and base metal. High velocity ballistic experiments were conducted on cryogenically treated and non-treated weld targets using 7.62 mm deformable projectiles at an initial velocity of 450 ± 10 m/s. At the stir zone, the depth of penetration (DOP) of the projectile into the deep cryogenic treated (DCT) target was observed to be 11% and 34 % lesser than the shallow cryogenic treated (SCT) and FSW targets. Thus increase in the ballistic resistance was observed for the post-weld cryogenic treated FSW joints compared to non-treated FSW joints. SEM investigation of the projectile impacted DCT targets showed the formation of cracks, dimples and micro voids at the crater region. It is also noticed that, the Stir Zone (SZ) and Heat Affected Zones (HAZ) of the DCT target has effectively absorbed the ballistic impact energy of the projectile by a ductile fracture and hence DCT can be used to improve the ballistic penetration resistance of the FSW joints at the SZ and HAZ regions.