Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Refining the Moho across the Australian continent

Moho results from continental-wide gravity inversion with low weighting helps to resolve the continent-ocean transition and to provide additional control in the least sampled zones. The reﬁned distribution indicates the presence of widespread smaller-scale variations in Moho structure. Strong lateral contrasts in crustal thickness remain, but some have become more subdued with improved sampling of critical areas. The main differences from earlier results lie in previously poorly sampled regions around the Lake Eyre Basin, where additional passive seismic results indicate somewhat thicker crust though still with a strong contrast in crustal thickness to the cratonic zone to the west.
Persistent Global Greening Over the Last Four Decades Using Novel Long-term

30 Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite observations have provided 31 the longest global daily records from 1980s, but the remaining temporal inconsistency in 32 vegetation index datasets has hindered reliable assessment of vegetation greenness trends. To 33 tackle this, we generated novel global long-term Normalized Difference Vegetation Index 34 (NDVI) and Near-Infrared Reflectance of vegetation (NIRv) datasets derived from AVHRR 35 and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We addressed residual 36 temporal inconsistency through three-step post processing including cross-sensor calibration 37 among AVHRR sensors, orbital drifting correction for AVHRR sensors, and machine learning-38 based harmonization between AVHRR and MODIS. After applying each processing step, we 39 confirmed the enhanced temporal consistency in terms of detrended anomaly, trend and 40 interannual variability of NDVI and NIRv at desert calibration sites. Our refined NDVI and 41 NIRv datasets showed a persistent global greening trend over the last four decades (NDVI: 42 0.0008 yr −1 ; NIRv: 0.0003 yr −1 ), contrasting with those without the three processing steps that 43 showed rapid greening trends before 2000 (NDVI: 0.0017 yr −1 ; NIRv: 0.0008 yr −1 ) and 44 weakened greening trends after 2000 (NDVI: 0.0004 yr −1 ; NIRv: 0.0001 yr −1 ). These findings 45 highlight the importance of minimizing temporal inconsistency in long-term vegetation index 46 datasets, which can support more reliable trend analysis in global vegetation response to 47 climate changes. 48
Timing, style and sedimentary evolution of Late Palaeozoic-Mesozoic extensional basins of East Greenland

Abstract The late Palaeozoic-Mesozoic sedimentary basins of East Greenland record a complex series of events which eventually led to the successful opening of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea in the late Palaeocene. Major tectonic events and regional sea-level changes caused by plate movements and reorganizations, overprinted by the effects of local tectonics and associated sea-level changes are reflected in thick, unconformity bounded sequences. Caledonian crustal shortening and thickening culminated in the Silurian, and was succeeded by extensional collapse, vulcanism and intrusion of post-tectonic granites in the Devonian. Large, transtensional pull-apart basins were formed and became filled with continental red beds. Basin margins underwent repeated episodes of thrusting. A change to rifting took place in the latest Devonian. Rapid subsidence and continental deposition punctuated by episodes of igneous activity and contractional deformation continued from the Devonian until early Permian times for about 120 Ma leaving a record of alluvial fan and flood plain siliciclastics alternating with rhyolitic and alkaline basaltic intrusions and extrusions. Later basin subsidence reflected thermal cooling and contraction following the prolonged late Palaeozoic period of crustal thinning. Important phases of block faulting occurred at several intervals during Mesozoic times climaxing in the Volgian-Valanginian interval. Cenozoic basin inversions resulted in dramatic decoupled uplift and tilting of large blocks. The degree of Devonian extensional collapse, the position and orientation of Caledonian thrust planes, and the localization of mid- and late Palaeozoic transtensional strike-slip basins exerted a profound control on localization and style of the compartmentalized Mesozoic rift. The importance of pre-Mesozoic history, timing of Mesozoic tectonic events and the interplay of tectonism, and rates of subsidence, sea-level change and sediment influx have close parallels in the North Sea area. Examples from the exposed Mesozoic succession of East Greenland may thus serve as excellent predictive guides for subsurface geology around the British Isles.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Model with Free Water Surface and Mesh Deformation for Local Sediment Scour

A numerical model for local sediment scour with free surface and automatic mesh deformation is constructed and numerical results are compared with experimental results. For the turbulence closure, the two equation k–e model is used. Two interfaces (water and air, water and sediment) in the domain are captured with different approaches. The free surface of the flow is simulated with the volume of fluid (VOF) scheme, which is an Eulerian approach. A new method for the VOF scheme is proposed to reduce the computational time while retaining relative accuracy. The behavior of the water-sediment interface (bed) is captured with a moving-mesh method, which is a Lagrangian approach. The flow field is coupled with sediment transport (both bed load and suspended load) using a quasi-steady approach. Good results have been obtained using the current model. The flow field is similar to the one observed in experiments. Scour patterns are similar to the experimental data as well. Large computational times are needed for.
The topographic effect on LANDSAT data in gently undulating terrain in southern Sweden

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of topography on LANDSAT satellite data in gently undulating terrain. Gently undulating terrain is in this work defined as terrain dominated by slopes of between 1° and 15°. For three various solar elevations (38°, 44° and 52°) digital LANDSAT MSS and TM data were merged with digital elevation data. In an agricultural region in southern Sweden 135 cultivated fields, 50 pasture sites and 117 forest sites with a total number of 88 800 pixels were studied.The relationship between LANDSAT response variation and topographic parameters within cultivated fields and forest areas was weak. For some pasture covers a topographic effect was identified.
The influences of ENSO and the subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole on tropical cyclone trajectories in the southwestern Indian Ocean

El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is known to associate with variability of tropical cyclone (TC) trajectories in the southwestern Indian Ocean. However, consideration of ENSO phase alone does not account for all variability of TC tracks within this region. This study demonstrates that the subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) sea‐surface temperature anomaly pattern is also significantly associated with variability in southwestern Indian Ocean TC tracks. Hierarchical cluster analysis is employed to group TC trajectories by their initial and final positions. Median monthly values of the Niño‐3.4 index and Subtropical Dipole Index corresponding to the life cycles of TCs in each group are compared using non‐parametric analysis of variance. The results suggest that both ENSO and SIOD are significantly associated with different types of southwestern Indian Ocean TC trajectories. Furthermore, significant interactions of ENSO and SIOD phases are found to influence certain types of TC tracks using contingency table tests. During simultaneous warm ENSO and negative SIOD phases, TCs moving across the southwestern Indian Ocean tend to follow more southward or southeastward tracks. During neutral or cool ENSO and positive SIOD phases, TCs moving through the southwestern Indian Ocean tend toward more westward trajectories. These findings suggest that use of an SIOD index in addition to an ENSO index could improve intraseasonal to seasonal statistical prediction of southwestern Indian basin TC activity. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Long-term monitoring of surface reflectance, NDVI, and clouds from space: What contribution can we expect due to the effect of instrument spectral response variations?

Since the satellites provide frequent and global observations of atmospheric and terrestrial environment, attempts have been made to use satellite data for long-term monitoring of land reflectances, vegetation indices and clouds properties. Although the construction and characteristics of spaceborne instruments may be quite similar, they are not identical among all missions, even for the same type of instrument like AVHRR. Consequently, the effect of varying spectral response may create an artificial noise imposed upon a subtle natural variability. We report the results of a study on the sensitivity of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), surface and cloud reflectance to differences in instrument spectral response functions (SRF) for various satellite sensors. They include AVHRR radiometers onboard NOAA satellites NOAA-6 - NOAA-16, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the VEGETATION sensor (VGT) and the Global Imager (GLI). We also analyzed the SRF effects for several geostationary satellites used for cloud studies, such as GOES-8 - 12, METEOSAT-2 - 7, GMS -1 - 5. The results obtained here demonstrate that the effect of instrument spectral response function cannot be ignored in long-term monitoring studies that employ space observations from different sensors. The SRF effect introduces differences in observed reflectances and retrieved quantities that may be comparable or exceed the range of natural variability and possible systematic trends, the contribution from the calibration, atmospheric and other corrections. Some modeling results were validated against real satellite observations with good agreement.
Development and evaluation of a school-based organ donation education programme

This article identifies relevant predictors of willingness among Dutch adolescents to register as posthumous organ and tissue donors. A crosssectional survey was conducted among 1836 Dutch adolescents between 16 and 18 years of age who had not yet been approached for registration. Sixty-seven percent of the participants indicated that they were willing to register as organ donors. In order of greatest association, negative outcome beliefs, anxiety, social outcome expectations, involvement with organ donation issues, positive outcome beliefs, knowledge about organ donation registration, past behaviour and sex were significant predictors of the willingness to register as organ donor. Religion and level of education had a significant bi-variate correlation with intention, but were not significant predictors after controlling for other variables. The results give clear suggestions for tailoring organ donation registration interventions to specific characteristics, beliefs and misconceptions of adolescents. Published as: Reubsaet, A. , Van den Borne, H.W. , Brug, J., Pruyn, J. & Van Hooff, J.P. (2001). Determinants of the intention of Dutch adolescents to register as organ donors. Social Science & Medicine, 53, 383-392.
Carotid and Vertebrobasilar Circulations Contrast-Enhanced MR Angiography of the

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE MRA) is a proven diagnostic tool in evaluation of the carotid arteries; however, few studies have addressed its accuracy in the vertebrobasilar system. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of CE MRA compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for detection of vertebrobasilar disease. METHODS: Forty patients with suspected atherosclerotic disease of the carotid and verte-brobasilar circulations underwent CE MRA on a 1.5T MR imaging scanner by use of a coronal 3D gradient-echo pulse sequence after intravenous injection of gadolinium diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid. All patients had correlative DSA within a 1-month period. CE MRA images were randomized and then independently assessed by 2 observers who were blinded to the DSA results. DSA examinations were analyzed in a similar manner. Each observer was asked to report the presence or absence of clinically significant stenosis (>50%), occlusion, fistula, aneurysm, and dissection. The MRA findings were then correlated with DSA. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of MRA for detection of disease in the entire carotid and vertebrobasilar systems were 90% and 97%, respectively; for the carotid system alone, the sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 97%, respectively; and for the vertebrobasilar system they were 88% and 98% respectively. The overall interobserver reliability was 98% ( (cid:1) (cid:2) 0.92). CONCLUSION: CE MRA is accurate at detecting disease not only in the carotid vessels, but also in the vertebrobasilar circulation, and has the potential to provide a comprehensive and noninvasive evaluation of the head and neck arteries in a single study. Atherosclerotic
Migration, Specialization, and Trade: Evidence from Brazil's March to the West

Exploiting a large migration of farmers to the West of Brazil between 1950 and 2010, we study how migration shapes aggregate and regional comparative advantage. We document that farmers emigrating from regions with high employment in an activity are more likely to work in that activity and have higher income than other migrants doing so. We incorporate this heterogeneity into a quantitative model and find that, by reshaping comparative advantage, declines in migration costs contributed substantially to Brazil's rise as a leading commodity exporter. Opportunities to migrate, moreover, account for a substantial share of the gains from trade.
Seasonal variation in cascade‐driven hyporheic exchange, northern Honduras

A characterization of hyporheic exchange for dry and wet season baseflow, as well as partially dewatered discharge, was done in Prieta Creek, a first‐order cascade in northern Honduras. The cascade had discharges from 1 to 15 l s−1, had average slopes of 12%, pool spacing of 3 m, and shallow substrate of sand and gravel. Tracer tests were conducted in a 15‐m sub‐reach, a length considered to be adequate for the experiment based on the DaI test, a ratio of exchange and transport processes. In the three tests, between 9 and 18% of tracer was not recovered, possibly due to entrainment in flowpaths passing beneath the downstream monitoring location. Tracer data were analysed by the one‐dimensional transport with inflow and storage (OTIS) transient storage model (TSM) to derive standard exchange parameters, and by the solute transport in rivers (STIR) model to examine hyporheic residence time distributions (RTDs). The best fit of the observed tracer breakthrough curves was obtained by using the STIR model with a combination of two exponential RTDs to represent hyporheic retention. With increasing discharge, the OTIS model predicted increasing storage exchange fluxes and exchange coefficients and decreasing storage zone areas and transient storage times, which are trends supported by riparian and streambed piezometric head data. Riparian water levels rose during the transition from the dry to wet season, which could constrict the hyporheic storage zone. Thirteen of the 19 streambed piezometers recorded seasonal changes in hydraulic gradients and flux direction, with fewer yet stronger upwelling zones during higher discharges. The MODFLOW model missed the observed seasonal changes, possibly due to subtle changes in the seasonal change in water surface profiles. We conclude that partially dewatered dry season exchange, compared to wet season exchange, was initiated and terminated with smaller pressure gradients and, in different streambed locations, was smaller in volume, had longer residence times, and may connect with deeper and longer flow paths. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon and nitrogen cycling in a vegetated lowland chalk river impacted by sediment

We investigated the accumulation and biogeochemical cycling of organic matter beneath Ranunculus plants in a lowland river. Organic carbon accumulated beneath the plants at a mean rate of 20 mmol C m−2 h−1. Annual gross primary production for both Ranunculus and its biofilm, and the microphytobenthos, could account for 26% of the carbon accumulated. The remainder was attributable to organic carbon in both suspended particulate matter (77%) and that associated with sands saltating along the bottom (33%). Maximum carbon oxidation occurred in spring and early summer and declined thereafter. The efflux of CO2 was greater than the carbon equivalents due to reduction of O2, NO3− and SO42− measured at the surface, which suggested a significant contribution to carbon oxidation from the subsurface and some oxidation via alternative electron acceptors. The peak in carbon oxidation could not be accounted for by either rising temperature or primary production but tracked the quality of recently deposited allochthonous organic matter. The ratio of carbon oxidation to total organic carbon accumulation suggested that 19% of the organic matter deposited was remineralised on an annual basis, although this reached 58% in June. We calculate that a total of 3·6 mol N m−2 y−1 was mineralised in the sediment, of which 11% could be accounted for by the measured efflux of NH4+. The remainder could be accounted for by the N demand from primary production (67% macrophytes/biofilm; 36% phytobenthos). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contour mapping of Arctic basin ice draft and roughness parameters

A data base of ice draft and roughness parameters has been constructed for selected portions of the Arctic Ocean based upon analysis of under-ice draft distribution data acquired by inverted echo sounder systems on submarines. From the voyages of 12 submarines which traversed the Alaskan, Canadian, and central Arctic regions of the Arctic Ocean during the summer and winter seasons, a series of mean ice draft and deep-draft keel statistics was calculated for 50-km segments along each submarine track. Contour maps of the mean ice draft, its standard deviation, the mean keel draft, and the spatial frequency of ice keels were constructed. They show that the greatest ice drafts, the roughest ice, and the greatest number of deep-draft keels are found off the north coasts of the Canadian Archipelago and Greenland due to ice convergence on these land barriers.
Unique marine Permian‐Triassic boundary section from Western Australia

A unique marine Permian‐Triassic boundary section containing rich oil source rocks has been continuously cored in a petroleum borehole from the Perth Basin of Western Australia. Such sequences, which provide a biostratigraphic and environmental record at the time of the largest extinction event of the past 500 million years, are globally rare, and this is the first to be documented in Australia. Throughout geological history there have been periods of global marine anoxia that commonly resulted in the widespread deposition of petroleum source rocks, most notably in the mid‐Cretaceous and Late Jurassic. An apparent paradox is that, previously, source rocks have not been recognised in association with the Permian‐Triassic boundary, despite widespread marine anoxia at this time. The Perth Basin source rocks contain abundant and unusual biomarkers, apparently related to the highly specialised and limited biota that flourished in the aftermath of the end‐Permian extinction event. Local conditions may have favoured source‐rock development, either due to higher productivity resulting from coastal upwelling or through enhanced preservation under strongly anoxic conditions.
Sinclair, Bradley J. 2016. "Revision of the Australian species of Hydropeza Sinclair (Diptera: Empididae: Ragadinae subfam. nov.)." Records of the Australian Museum 68(1), 1?22. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1657

Nine new species of Hydropeza Sinclair from Australia are described ( H. angulata sp. nov. (N. Queensland), H. aptera sp. nov. (Tasmania), H. cornuta sp. nov. (Queensland), H. curvata sp. nov. (N. Queensland), H divaricata sp. nov. (N. Queensland), H. intricata sp. nov. (N. Queensland), H. queenslandensis sp. nov. (N. Queensland), H tasmanica sp. nov. (Tasmania), H. unguicula sp. nov. (Tasmania)). In Australia, Hydropeza is currently widely disjunct in distribution, known only from Tasmania and northern Queensland (Wet Tropics), absent from intervening regions despite extensive surveys of rocky streams and creeks. The male terminalia are illustrated, distributions mapped and a key to species is presented. The subfamily Ragadinae subfam. nov. is proposed for the Ragas -group of genera (Dipsomyia Bezzi, Hormopeza Zetterstedt, Hydropeza, Ragas Walker, Zanclotus Wilder). A revised phylogeny of the species of Hydropeza , including species from New Zealand and Chile, is presented and discussed.
Evaluation of a satellite-based near real-time global flood prediction system.

This study provides an evaluation of a global flood prediction (GFS) system utilizing satellite-based rainfall and readily available geospatial data sets. The GFS, developed by our group, uses a relatively simple hydrological model, based on the runoff curve number method to transform rainfall into runoff. A grid-to-grid routing calculates the flow. Rainfall estimates are from TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA). An evaluation of the TMPA algorithm using a radar/gauge merged rainfall product over two basins in the southeast USA indicated that seasonal and regional considerations as well as basin size are important in using TMPA to drive hydrological models. GFS-based flood predictions were evaluated using observed streamflow data, MODIS-based inundation maps and a flood database. The GFS was able to simulate the onset of flood events produced by heavy rainfall; however, the prediction deteriorated in the later stages. This result points out the need for an improved routing component. The model showed dependency by the geographical region. A new hydrological model, with an improved physical representation and routing component is currently under development and will likely lead to improved validation results.
La Bibliometría, Informetría, Cienciometría y otras “Metrías” en el Brasil

Analiza las caracteristicas demograficas de la literatura publicada sobre “estudios bibliometricos” producidos por autores brasilenos y extranjeros en el Brasil desde 1973 hasta 2012. Se identifican los tipos de documentos, las revistas y los congresos mas utilizados para comunicar los resultados de las investigaciones y los autores mas productivos. Se encontraron 2,300 trabajos publicados por 3,320 autores hasta diciembre de 2012. Sobresalen los articulos publicados en revistas academicas con 60% y los trabajos presentados en eventos, congresos, etc. con 36.5%. Predominan los documentos publicados en portugues con 87%. Las revistas con el mayor numero de articulos publicados sobre estos temas son Ciencia da Informacao, Scientometrics, Encontros Bibli y Perspectivas em Ciencia da Informacao. Palabras-clave: Bibliometria. Informetria. Cienciometria. Brasil. Link: https://periodicos.ufsc. br/index.php/eb/article/download/1518-2924.2016v21n47p51/32341