Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Staying in Time: Does the Temporal Proximity of Related Events Drive Memory Integration?

Flexible behaviour relies on our capacity to effectively use information gathered over the aggregate of our experiences. This requires memory to go beyond the act of simply recalling individual events; instead, it must be sensitive to relationships connecting our experiences. Prominent theories argue that this is possible through the formation of interconnected memory structures in the brain, whereby related experiences become integrated into overlapping neural populations. However, the conditions required for such integration are still not well understood. Emerging evidence suggests that the temporal proximity of two related events may influence how their content is integrated into memory. I first develop a training procedure for creating robust memories over short and long delay periods, and between distinct environments. Next, I evaluate participants’ tendency to integrate memory learned across related experiences separated by short and long delay periods. Together, these lay the foundation for investigating integration time windows in humans.
42 histomorphological studies of the gizzard in Post-hatch guinea fowls ( Numida meleagris ) *

The wall of the gizzard of guinea fowl consisted of five tunics namely, koilin (internal lining), mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and an outermost serosa except in the regions of tendon which lacked muscularis. The koilin was well developed in birds of all age groups with dentate projections on its luminal surface. The epithelial layer of mucosa was in the form of arches and gastric pits. Glands with loose connective tissue formed the lamina propria. Secretions from the glands drained through gastric pits and with the desquamated cells of the arches were found to form the koilin. Muscularis mucosa was completely absent. The submucosa was made of connective tissue with extensions into lamina propria and tunica muscularis. A single layer of thick extensively developed smooth circular muscle formed the tunica muscularis in the regions of body whereas; in the regions of blind sac it was moderately developed with an additional inner thin longitudinal smooth muscle layer. In between muscularis and outermost serosa were the nerve plexuses.
RRU_A_198934 149..156

Jaden R Kohn Nora M Haney Paige E Nichols Katherine M Rodriguez Taylor P Kohn 1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; 2The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; 3Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Abstract: Clinical varicoceles are one of the most commonly identified physical exam abnormalities in men presenting with infertility. Clinical varicoceles can cause impaired spermatogenesis and surgical correction can improve semen parameters in select men. Increasingly, andrologists are performing varicocele repairs prior to intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to boost male fertility potential. In this review, we evaluated the available literature 1) to determine if varicocelectomy prior to IUI or assisted reproductive technologies proved to improve sperm production or pregnancy outcomes; and 2) to identify who may be the ideal candidate for pre-IUI/ART varicocelectomy. Overall, few studies have explored this topic and little can be concluded about the impact of varicocelectomy prior to IUI. The evidence, however, does support that correcting a clinical varicocele can increase pregnancy outcomes in couples who plan to pursue IVF or ICSI. When selecting patients for varicocelectomy prior to IUI or ART, clinicians should evaluate female age as improvement in semen parameters can take 6 months after varicocelectomy and this duration of time may be deleterious in cases of advanced maternal age when each cycle becomes increasingly important. Overall, the currently limited literature regarding clinical varicoceles correction demonstrates that pregnancy rates can be increased when comparing patients who have undergone varicocelectomy prior to ART with those who had clinical varicocele but did not undergo surgery.
DDDT_A_257333 2573..2584

1Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 3Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 4Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
The Role of the Cell Cycle Machinery in Resumption of Postembryonic Development

Cell cycle activity is required for plant growth and development, but its involvement in the early events that initiate seedling development remains to be clarified. We performed experiments aimed at understanding when cell cycle progression is activated during seed germination, and what its contribution is for proper seedling establishment. To this end, the spatial and temporal expression profiles of a large set of cell cycle control genes in germinating seeds of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and white cabbage (Brassica oleracea) were analyzed. The in vivo behavior of the microtubular cytoskeleton was monitored during Arabidopsis seed germination. Flow cytometry of Arabidopsis germinating seeds indicated that DNA replication was mainly initiated at the onset of root protrusion, when germination reached its end. Expression analysis of cell cycle genes with mRNA in situ localization, b-glucuronidase assays, and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that transcription of most cell cycle genes was detected only after completion of germination. In vivo green fluorescent protein analysis of the microtubule cytoskeleton demonstrated that mitosis-specific microtubule arrays occurred only when the radicle had started to protrude, although the assembly of the microtubular cytoskeleton was promptly activated once germination was initiated. Thus, seed germination involves the synthesis and/or activation of a reduced number of core cell cycle proteins, which only trigger DNA replication, but is not sufficient to drive cells into mitosis. Mitotic divisions are observed only after the radicle has protruded and presumably rely on the de novo production of other cell cycle regulators.
Comments, Opinions, and Reviews Neurovascular Manifestations of Heritable Connective Tissue Disorders

262. Huston J III, Torres VE, Sulivan PP, Offord KP, Wiebers DO. Value of magnetic resonance angiography for the detection of intracranial aneurysms in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. JAm Soc Nephrol. 1993;3:1871-1877. 263. Kaehny W, Bell P, Earnest M, Stears J, Gabow P. Family clustering of intracranial aneurysms (ICA) in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Kidney Int. 1990;37:249.
CARIES RISK ASSESSMENT USING CARIOGRAM PROFILE AMONG 18-20 YEAR OLD PATIENTS ATTENDING PRIVATE DENTAL COLLEGE, CHENNAI: A HOSPITAL BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Dental caries are reversible dynamic biochemical events, and remain a public health problem due to its characteristics, cost of treatment and effectiveness of quality of life.Dental caries has a highest and longest association with dental profession. Dental caries do not undergo any termination or diminution if untreated and required expertise and professional treatment. But the risk factors should be studied and modified so that dental caries can be prevented. Despite the fact that various successful treatment goals have been developed the disease is still prevalent. In olden days dental caries detection was considered as a boon.To assess the caries risk of 18 to 20 year old patients using cariogram visiting private dental College in Chennai city. A total of 170 patient records taken who visited college from the period of June 2019 to March 2020. Cariogram images taken and analysed individually. Data were tabulated and statistically analysed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were expressed by means of frequency and percentage. Chi-square test was used to find the association of cariogram variables with age and gender. Out of 170 samples 32.4% of them were females, 67.6% males. Based on age group 23.5% of them were 18 years, 19 years 38.8% of age and 37.6% of the population were 20 years of age. The significant association was observed between gender and fluoride, with more usage of fluoride measures by the males when compared to the females.
DMD051698 1610..1615

The metabolism and disposition of statins are highly dependent on different cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP3A4 and CYP2C9, as well as membrane transporters SLCO1B1, SLCO2B1, ABCB1, and ABCG2. Interindividual gene expression differences among these enzymes may explain part of the variability in tolerance and effect for statin treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of statin treatment on these genes in human liver tissue. Levels of CYP3A4, CYP2C9, SLCO1B1, SLCO2B1, ABCB1, and ABCG2 mRNA in liver tissue from a previously performed clinical trial in 29 patients randomized to treatment with placebo, 80 mg/day of atorvastatin, or 20 mg/day of fluvastatin for 4 weeks were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Treatment with atorvastatin (n = 10), but not with fluvastatin (n = 10), resulted in 3-fold higher expression of SLCO2B1 compared with placebo-treated patients (n = 9) (P < 0.05). Atorvastatin increased the expression of both ABCB1 and ABCG2 by more than 2-fold (P < 0.05). No difference was found in CYP2C9, CYP3A4, or SLCO1B1 mRNA expression in patients administered statins or those administered placebo. Premenopausal women (n = 8) had higher expression of CYP3A4 (P < 0.05) and lower expression of CYP2C9 (P < 0.05) compared with postmenopausal women (n = 10) and men (n = 11), respectively. Here we show for the first time that atorvastatin treatment leads to increased expression of the membrane transporters SLCO2B1, ABCB1, and ABCG2 in human liver tissue, which potentially may counteract the efficacy of the treatment, and our findings may cast light on the mechanisms of clinical problems with adverse reactions and drug interactions in
A Study in Ventricular-Ventricular Interaction II

Background—Left ventricular (LV) effects on right ventricular (RV) function are well known. Less is understood about the effect of the RV on systemic LV mechanics. To determine this interaction, we compared systemic LVs with and without an RV mechanically coupled to them. Methods and Results—MR myocardial tagging was used to examine 18 subjects with systemic LVs: 10 with functional single LVs (SLV) and 8 normal subjects (NL). Tracking the systolic motion of the intersecting stripes were used to determine regional twist and radial motion. Finite strain analysis was applied to derive principal strains at the atrioventricular valve (AVV) and apical short-axis levels and in 4 anatomic wall regions. Similar E1 (circumferential shortening) strain and heterogeneity of strain were noted between SLV and NL except in the septal wall. At the septal wall, NL displayed greater absolute strain (AVV 520.1660.02, apex 520.1760.02) and less heterogeneity of strain than SLV (AVV520.1260.02, apex 520.1360.02). SimilarE2 (wall thickening) strain and heterogeneity of strain were also noted between SLV and NL except again at the septal wall. At the septal wall, SLV displayed greater absolute E2 strain (AVV50.1760.08, apex 50.1960.09) and less heterogeneity of strain than NL (AVV 50.0760.07, apex50.0560.05). SLV twisted significantly less counterclockwise than NL in 6 of 8 wall regions and actually twisted clockwise at the AVV lateral wall. Although there was no significant difference between groups in radial wall motion, the septal and inferior walls of SLV demonstrated significantly less radial motion compared with other SLV walls. Conclusions—A major influence of the RV on systemic LV strain and radial motion occurs in the septal wall, whereas absence of the RV causes marked differences in LV twist. These findings may yield clues to the long-term functioning of the SLV and be useful in determining strategies for RV augmentation of LV function. (Circulation. 1998;98:330-338.)
Designing for Service: Key Issues and New Directions

This is a co-edited book with Daniela Sangiorgi. The book consists of four sections that looks at: The lay of the land in designing for service; Contemporary Discourses and influences in designing for service; Designing for service in public and social spaces and Design for service, shirting economies, emerging markets.The introduction and the conclusion are written by the two co-editors.
Hollow archives: Bullae as a source for understanding administrative structures in the Seleukid empire

Seal impressions on bullae offer new ways of approaching the local realities of Seleukid administrative and fiscal practice. Previous studies of these objects have focused primarily on the iconography of the impressed seals. However, analysis of the find-spots of bullae, their forms, the sealing protocols employed, the quantities of extant seal impressions, and the interactions that are evidenced by several individuals impressing their seals on a single bulla, enables a range of aspects of royal bureaucracy in Babylonia to be reconstructed. This study is based on thousands of published and tens of unpublished bullae from several Seleukid sites, and also incorporates a few bullae from elsewhere that are impressed by seals with Seleukid motifs. It demonstrates the importance of groups of men ‘on the ground’ for the articulation and enforcement of royal power. Routine bureaucracy ensured that taxes were collected and local authority maintained throughout the long periods when the king and court were absent from a region, and even during instances of conflict over the throne. Nonetheless, some of the surviving evidence appears to reflect bureaucratic failings; there were also moments of reform and instances of idiosyncratic behaviour. The bullae suggest that administrative practice was relatively homogeneous across Babylonia, but differed from that known from the Greek cities of western Asia Minor. There are however similarities between Seleukid administration in Babylonia and Ptolemaic administration in Egypt, suggestive of cross-fertilisation between the two Hellenistic powers. This study is important because scant information survives about the daily realities of Seleukid control from anywhere in the empire, and very little on Seleukid rule in Babylonia. Fully exploiting these initially unpromising sources helps to fill an important gap in our knowledge, and enables broader comparisons of imperial structures between the Seleukid, Ptolemaic and Achaemenid empires.
Reproductive behaviour of Chlorocyphidae. Part 1. Genus Sclerocypha Fraser, 1949 (Odonata)

The reproductive behaviour of the damselfly Sclerocypha bisignata (Chlorocyphidae) was studied in various fast flowing streams in mountainous regions of Central Sulawesi. Using high speed cinematography males were shown to exhibit protracted threatening flights with a stationary display of the fore wings. In steady threatening flight the abdomen was held horizontally and the stroking of the hind wings paused briefly and regularly every 2−5 wing beats. These flights were interrupted periodically by short bursts of increased intensity were males arched their abdomens upwards and the hind wing beat was continuous. This flight style differs in several respects from any chlorocyphid species yet studied. During courtship the males presented all three pairs of legs; as courtship intensified they briefly raised their abdomen and presented stationary fore wings. Oviposition took place with the female completely submerged. Unlike most Chlorocyphidae, oviposition sites and male display sites were well separated and ovipositing females were unguarded. Further key words. Zygoptera, Sclerocypha bisignata, Libellago, threat display, courtship, stationary wing display, mating systems, Sulawesi
An Energy- Efficient Optimal multi-dimensional location, Key and Trust Management Based Secure Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

The design of cluster-based routing protocols is necessary for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). But, due to the lack of features, the traditional methods face issues, especially on unbalanced energy consumption of routing protocol. This work focuses on enhancing the security and energy efficiency of the system by proposing Energy Efficient Based Secure Routing Protocol (EESRP) which integrates trust management, optimization algorithm and key management. Initially, the locations of the deployed nodes are calculated along with their trust values. Here, packet transfer is maintained securely by compiling a Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) approach. Finally, trust, key, location and energy parameters are incorporated in Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and meta-heuristic based Harmony Search (HS) method to find the secure shortest path. Our results show that the energy consumption of the proposed approach is 1.06mJ during the transmission mode, and 8.69 mJ during the receive mode which is lower than the existing approaches. The average throughput and the average PDR for the attacks are also high with 72 and 62.5 respectively. The significance of the research is its ability to improve the performance metrics of existing work by combining the advantages of different approaches. After simulating the model, the results have been validated with conventional methods with respect to the number of live nodes, energy efficiency, network lifetime, packet loss rate, scalability, and energy consumption of routing protocol.
Proinflammatory Signals in the Lung DNA Tuberculosis Vaccination: Role of Immunity by Single Intramuscular Plasmid Antigens Restores Protective Mucosal Airway Delivery of Soluble Mycobacterial

Protection by parenteral immunization with plasmid DNA vaccines against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is very modest. In this study, we have investigated the underlying mechanisms for the poor mucosal protective efﬁcacy and the avenues and mechanisms to improve the efﬁcacy of a single i.m. immunization with a monogenic plasmid DNA TB vaccine in a murine model. We show that i.m. DNA immunization fails to elicit accumulation of Ag-speciﬁc T cells in the airway lumen despite robust T cell responses in the spleen. Such systemically activated T cells cannot be rapidly mobilized into the airway lumen upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure. However, airway deposition of low doses of soluble mycobacterial Ags in previously immunized mice effectively mobilizes the systemically activated T cells into the airway lumen. A fraction of such airway luminal T cells can persist in the airway lumen, undergo quick, robust expansion and activation and provide marked immune protection upon airway M. tuberculosis exposure. Airway mucosal deposition of soluble mycobacterial Ags was found to create a tissue microenvironment rich in proinﬂammatory molecules including chemokines and hence conducive to T cell recruitment. Thus, in vivo neutralization of MIP-1 (cid:1) or IFN-inducible protein-10 markedly inhibited the accumulation of Ag-speciﬁc T cells in the airway lumen. Our data suggest that immunoprotective efﬁcacy on the mucosal surface by i.m. plasmid DNA immunization could be substantially improved by simple mucosal difference. of an immune adjuvant found to markedly enhance the immunogenicity i.m. aided elec- troporation GM-CSF conjunction Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the signiﬁcance between dif- ferences. For two-sample comparison, Student’s t test was used. For com-parison between more than two groups, ANOVA was used; wherever ap- plicable, a post hoc Fisher’s least signiﬁcant difference (LSD) test was used for further pairwise comparison. A p value of (cid:2) 0.05 was regarded as sta- tistically signiﬁcant.
Comparison of the Dietary Factors between Normal and Osteopenia Groups by Bone Mineral Density in Korean Female College Students

The purpose of this study was to obtain baseline data on nutritional management of women's bone health. We examined the bone mineral density (BMD) by ultrasound bone densitometer, anthropometric measurement and dietary intake to assess the nutrient intakes. The subjects were 102 Korean female college students (normal=59, bone disease group [osteopenia+osteoporosis]=43) and the mean age was 21.4 yr. Mean T-score (BMD) were -0.42 and -1.52 in normal and bone disease groups, respectively. Anthropometric measurement showed that 59% of the subjects were normal weight and bone disease group had lower value than normal group in majority of anthropometric index. The average energy intake was 1539.7 kcal, which was 73% of Korean EER. The subjects had lower vitamin C, folic acid, Ca and K intake than Korean RI independent of BMD. Bone disease group (1:2.05) showed significantly lower Ca:P ratio than normal group (1:1.86). Normal group had more intake frequency of milk and milk product than bone disease group. In relation to anthropometric index with T-score, significant correlations have been found in weight, PM, BFM, MM, TBW, SLM, FFM WHR, BMI and SMM. In relation to dietary factors with T-score, significant correlations have been found relating to intake frequency of milk and milk product. Our results indicate that for nutrients, ratio and balance may be more influential than intake for bone health in young women.
Electric-Field Induced Shift in the Plasmon Resonance Due to the Interfacial Pockels Effect of Water on a Silver Surface "2279

In the research on application of an optical modulator used for information communication, materials having a large Pockels effect, a refractive index change proportional to the electric-field, are required. It is known that the interfacial water on the surface of transparent oxide electrodes has a giant Pockels coefficient, which is an order of magnitude larger than the solid Pockels crystals practically used. It is important to know the Pockels coefficient of water on not only an oxide surface, but also a metal surface to understand the mechanism of the interfacial Pockels effect of water. However, a method has not yet been established for evaluating the coefficient of water–metal interface. Here we present an evaluation method of the Pockels coefficient of interfacial water on a metal (silver) surface from the spectral shift of the surface plasmon polariton resonance due to electric-field induced refractive index change of the interfacial water. The Pockels coefficient of interfacial water on Ag was evaluated as |r33| = 5± 1 pm/V, without need for exact knowledge of the thickness of the interfacial layer (electric double layer of water) as long as the penetration depth of the plasmon is larger than the thickness.
THE MODERATING EFFECT OF CULTURE TO CHILDREN’S PRODUCT CHOICES ON FAMILY PURCHASE DECISIONS OF HOUSEHOLDS IN KENYA

The Purpose of the study was to establish the moderating effect of culture to children product choices on their family purchase decisions in Kenya and to make recommendations. Primary data was collected from 200 respondents selected at random from four county districts of Nairobi, using a semi-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered through a personal interview and responses were analyzed using SPSS for Windows. To test the hypotheses developed for the study, appropriate statistical tests such as the F test was used. This was achieved through correlation analysis, multiple and step-wise regression analysis, and ANOVA. The study revealed that culture has a moderating effect on children’s product choices on purchase decisions in Kenya. Based on the study, cultural differences are critical in shaping the identity of children in Kenya and are responsible for their attitudes and behavior as consumers.