Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bacterial activity and production in near-surface estuarine and freshwater sediments

Two indices of bacterial production, thymidine incorporation and the frequency of divided and dividing cells were measured, along with a suite of measurements of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial activity, to investigate the relationship between bacterial cell production and organic carbon mineralisation at three different sediment sites: a sheltered intertidal estuarine mudflat (Kingoodie Bay), a riverside mudbank (Ashleworth Quay) and an intertidal mudflat in a hydraulically dynamic estuary (Aust Warth). Organic carbon mineralisation was dominated by anaerobic processes at all three sites: sulfate reduction at the two estuarine sites (equivalent to 76% and 61% of oxygen uptake) and methanogenesis at the freshwater site (56%). Although all three sites had similar bacterial population sizes, activities in Kingoodie Bay were 2–3 times higher than at Aust Warth or Ashleworth Quay. Thymidine incorporation rates and Numbers of Dividing and Divided Cells correlated strongly at all three sites. Thymidine incorporation rates were spatially uncoupled from zones of principal anaerobic activity, providing in situ evidence that sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogens do not incorporate radiolabelled thymidine into DNA during growth. Cell yield was lower in the anaerobic zone, as subsurface peaks in anaerobic mineralisation were not matched by increases in bacterial productivity. However, as anaerobic degradation processes were so dominant, anaerobic productivity still accounted for the majority of cell production.
THE ENTERPRISE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: LARGE ENTERPRISES AND SME PERSPECTIVE

This paper briefly describes the historical development of Czech enterprises sector from the establishment of Czechoslovakia over the war period and communism while focusing on the changes during the reform (transition) process. It deals both with the medium and large size companies as well as the entrepreneurial sector as well. A special interest is paid to the legal framework and its effect on conducting business. Lastly, it also gives a brief overview of the bankruptcy procedures; this section is a natural complement to the main part that, in essence, describes establishment, entry and changes of new firms or former state-owned enterprises.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF MAIZE STEM BORERS IN CROSS RIVER STATE,NIGERIA

Field experiments were conducted to determine the distribution of stem borers in two agro-ecological zones of Cross River State, Nigeria. The experiments were conducted Akamkpa (rainforest agro-ecological zone) and Bekwarra (guinea savanna agro-ecological zone) during the 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons. The survey shows that species of Busseola fusca, Sesamia calamistis, Eldana saccharina, Chilo partellus, and Coniesta ignefusalis were found to be prevalent in the maize fields in the two agro-ecological zones of the state. Busseola fusca was however found to be significantly (p<0.05) more (17.741 per plant for early season and 26.667 for late season) than the other stemborer species (Sesamia calamistis 4.482 (early) and 4.926 (late),Eldana saccharina 2.259 (early) and 2.815 (late), Chilo partellus 3.444 (early and late) , Coniesta ignefusalis 1.889 (early) and 1.482 (late) in Bekwarra (guinea savanna agro-ecological) zone of the state while Sesamia calamistis population (15.963 (early) and 25.519 (late) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than other stemborer species (Busseola fusca 3.074 (early), 4.667 (late), Eldana saccharina 2.889 (early), 2.519 (late), Chilo partellus 4.296 (early), 4.482(late), Coniesta ignefusalis 0.963 (early) and 3.222 (late) in Akamkpa (rainforest agro-ecological) zone.
Tolerance of the potato to stress, associated with potato cyst nematodes, drought and pH : an ecophysiological approach

The impact of Potato Cyst Nematode (PCN) soil infestations on the growth and development of potato cultivars was investigated in greenhouse and field trials. PCN effect on yield was almost totally explained by reduced integrated ground cover, and hence, less light interception. There was no indication for any specific PCN effect other than reduced ground cover. The damaging effect of PCN was also studied in combination with soil type, drought and soil pH. In addition to the considerable effects of the main factors PCN, drought and pH, interaction between PCN and soil pH was found, but none was found between PCN infection and drought. However, it should be considered that the last mentioned events occurred separately in time. With respect to the yield capacity of potato cultivars the following parameters appeared to be of major importance: PCN infestation level, water retention and pH of the soil. With soil pH KCl values over 5.0, the vulnerability of the potato to PCN infection increases with decreasing acidity. The cultivar characteristics, resistance to PCN and tolerance to PCN, and the characteristics tolerance to PCN and tolerance to drought, were not correlated. In nematology, tolerance to PCN is presented as percentage yield under PCN infestation. Quantifying the yielding capacity by means of tuber production, large numbers of plants are needed for accurate assessment and hence can not be done in early stages of breedingprogrammes. Therefore, a screening method for tolerance to PCN was developed, allowing screening for this character to take place in a greenhouse at an early stage of a breeding programme. Also, integrated ground cover can be assessed with few plants, and offers a tool to assess tolerance under field conditions for breeding purposes. Four descriptive equations, relating PCN infestation and yield, were studied. Based on experimental data over a number of years, Oostenbrink's equation described this relation simply, accurately and consistently. A decision-making model was developed to assist farmers in making the best cultivar choice, with respect to yield, based on prevailing soil factors (PCN infestation, water retention of top and subsoil, and pH) and cultivar characteristics. The same model is able to predict final yield with increasing precision with time during the current growing season. For this purpose Tolerance Values of cultivars for these stress factors were introduced. A procedure for estimation of tuber number and tuber dry matter yield is discussed, based on their relationships with intercepted radiation in the course of the season. Such estimates are useful to seed growers in order to set harvest dates and to the potato industry to obtain yield estimates in order to adapt logistics, storing and marketing.
StegaStamp: Invisible Hyperlinks in Physical Photographs Supplement

https://youtu.be/jpbRhOH3D9Y This video is a compilation of multiple in-the-wild captures. The first set of clips visualizes the output bounding polygons along with the percentage of bits recovered correctly out of 100. We filter the output to only show detections where the bit accuracy is greater than 70 percent. We note that the messages are regularly recovered with greater than 90% accuracy when they are properly detected. The second set of clips demonstrates the used of BCH error correction [2] to robustly detect and correct recovered codes. The transmitted data consists of 56 message bits and 40 error correcting bits. When the accuracy is greater than 95% (fewer than 5 corrupted bits), the original 56-bit message can be recovered exactly. If too many bits are corrupted, the error correcting fails and we filter out the proposal. The video represents successfully decoded StegaStamps with green polygons. The decoded code is printed above the polygon. Note that for most real world applications, it is only necessary to recover the code in a single video frame to count it as successfully scanned.
The Usefulness of Biometrics for the Study of Avian Connectivity within Europe. A Case Study with Blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla in Spain

Summary. The use of biometrics in studies of migratory connectivity is still relatively infrequent in Europe. This is partly due to the fact that biometrics is a less accurate tool when compared to ringing recovery data, or such techniques as stable isotope analyses, use of geolocators or satellite telemetry. Combination with one of these (recovery data) allows us to test the usefulness of biometrics in connectivity analyses, as well as to evaluate/quantify the influence of migratory behaviour on phenotypic traits such as flight morphology. We used historical recovery data, together with flight morphology data obtained from a consistent collection protocol during a three-year ringing programme carried out at seven sites in Spain (within the eastern half of Iberia), to test the usefulness of flight morphology for analysing spatio-temporal distribution patterns of migrants at a population scale. Blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla were used as our avian model. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) whether migrant blackcaps use the shortest flyways between their breeding and non-breeding areas, so that blackcaps entering Iberia through more eastern flyways come from breeding regions further east, and (2) whether the species is a leap-frogging migrant, in which populations from more northerly regions overwinter further south than those of more southerly origin. Blackcaps entering Spain through the western Pyrenean flyway (WF) had more westerly origins than those entering through the eastern Pyrenean flyway (EF). Blackcaps captured in the WF had more rounded and shorter wings as well as relatively longer tails than those from the EF, indicating a more marked long-distance migration morphology in the EF. However, blackcaps from the EF did not come from more distant regions, so flight morphology was not linked to distance travelled from the region of origin. The fact that both recovery data and biometrics differed between flyways suggests that here flight morphology is an adequate tool with which to study population-associated connectivity patterns. No evidence of leap-frog migration was detected in the study area where biometric data were obtained.
Regional Variation on Loanword Adaptation in Japanese

Regional Variation on Loanword Adaptation in Japanese Yuki Hattori This thesis examines the variations of loanword abbreviations in Japanese dialects. When adopting foreign words into Japanese, phonological grammar is applied creating loanwords. When loanwords are introduced, Japanese phonological rules determine how to pronounce the new words; Japanese truncation styles are applied to shorten and abbreviate loanwords. Much like native Japanese words, regional variations can be observed in loanword abbreviations. In order to discover how variations are created, this study compares two dialects: the eastern Japanese dialect (standard dialect) and the western Japanese dialect (Kansai dialect). Despite a recent decrease in popularity, the Kansai dialect is still one of the most prestigious dialects in Japan. This thesis addresses and explores how variations between two regions, Nagoya (east) and Kansai (west) are generated. A survey was conducted with the help of 121 university students from both regions. The methods used were a perception test, an acceptability judgement test, a production test, and an additional questionnaire. The data analysis reveals that adaptations in loanword abbreviations are closely related to Japanese sociophonetics and phonology. Results further show how cultural histories impact the modern Japanese lexico
Biosynthesis of cell wall α-glucan in fission yeast

The fungal cell wall is important for morphology and structural integrity. For many fungi, α-glucan is a main polysaccharide of the cell wall. In the ﬁssion yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe , cell wall α-glucan is an essential component, consisting mainly of (1,3)-α-glucan and some ten percent of α-(1,4)-linked glucose residues. Recently, we showed that the intracellular synthase (SYN) domain of the multidomain protein Ags1p is involved in the production of the (1,4)-α-glucan component of cell wall α-glucan. The other domain, the proposed extracellular transglycosylase (TGL) domain, shows strong similarity with glycosyltransferases. More speciﬁcally, it shares amino acid sequence motifs with the α-amylase superfamily, together with three highly conserved catalytic residues. Whether the TGL domain functions together with the SYN domain to produce the cell wall α-glucan has remained unclear. Here, we studied the role of the TGL domain of Ags1p by mutating its conserved putative catalytic residues by direct mutagenesis. We show that overexpression but also low expression of these mutant Ags1 proteins resulted in accumulation of (1,4)-α-glucan in S. pombe cells. Furthermore, the mutant Ags1 proteins failed to complement the cell lysis phenotype of the temperature-sensitive ags1-1 mutant. Therefore, we propose that the TGL and SYN domains of Ags1p collaborate in the stepwise assembly process of cell wall α-glucan in S. pombe and that in this process the activity of the TGL domain appears to follow that of the SYN domain.
On the scattering of 2D–elastic waves generated by dyadic point–sources

The problem of scattering of a time–harmonic elastic wave, due to a dyadic point–source field by a rigid body in two–dimensional linear elasticity is considered. Some scattering theorems for elastic waves emanating from point–sources are presented. The solution for the scattering of elastic waves by a rigid circular scatterer in the form of infinite series is established. Finally, for this scatterer and in view of low–frequency results, a method for a far–field inverse problem is described, where an approximation of the known exact solution is established.
Effect of varying enzyme concentration on the action of rennin on whole milk

Summary The kinetics of the release of glycopeptides by the action of rennin on bovine whole milk have been studied. The initial rate of release of glycopeptides was proportional to the concentration of rennin. Using the integrated form of the Michaelis–Menten equation, values have been obtained for Km and V. These values varied between milk samples from individual cows, and for a single milk sample the value for Km increased with increasing rennin concentration. It is suggested that the Km value is partly dependent on the carbohydrate composition of individual κ-casein molecules.
Emerging Markets Finance and Trade

This study has contributed to the analysis of the Fama–French three-factor model by proving the validity of model using the newly constructed Fama–French factors from Malaysian Islamic stock market. With generalized method of moments and robustness tests, our results compliment earlier studies by comparing the results over two sub-periods, before and after the financial crises and the fall of Lehman Bros. The results of the analysis suggest that the reversal of size effects exists after periods of financial crisis. This is the first attempt to create FF factors and test the model from Islamic equity style indices.
Strategies of plant establishment of two Cerrado species: Byrsonima basiloba Juss. (Malpighiaceae) and Eugenia dysenterica Mart. ex DC (Myrtaceae)

This study investigates the initial development of two Cerrado species, Eugenia dysenterica and Byrsonima basiloba. Both species have high ethnobotanical importance and are widely used as a food source as well as in folk medicine. Eugenia dysenterica presented hypogeous cryptocotylar germination and the cotyledons were rich in reserve material. This plant species showed quick root development and after the shoot had produced the first two pairs of eophyls, the seedling went into a latent state for at least 1 year. Byrsonima basiloba had a hard endocarp, which had to be broken to facilitate germination. This species showed epigeous phanerocotylar germination. Similarly to E. dysenterica, B. basiloba roots also developed rapidly; however, the aerial part grew continuously and did not show a latent period. Moreover, within the first 6 months of cultivation B. basiloba developed a xylopodium. The strategies for seed dispersal and breakage of seed dormancy were different between the species, but their initial growth showed several similarities.
Coverage of credible intervals in nonparametric monotone regression

For nonparametric univariate regression under a monotonicity constraint on the regression function f , we study the coverage of a Bayesian credible interval for f (x0), where x0 is an interior point. Analysis of the posterior becomes a lot more tractable by considering a “projection-posterior” distribution based on a finite random series of step functions with normal basis coefficients as a prior for f . A sample f from the resulting conjugate posterior distribution is projected on the space of monotone increasing functions to obtain a monotone function f ∗ closest to f , inducing the “projectionposterior. ” We use projection-posterior samples to obtain credible intervals for f (x0). We obtain the asymptotic coverage of the credible interval thus constructed and observe that it is free of nuisance parameters involving the true function. We observe a very interesting phenomenon that the coverage is typically higher than the nominal credibility level, the opposite of a phenomenon observed by Cox (Ann. Statist. 21 (1993) 903–923) in the Gaussian sequence model. We further show that a recalibration gives the right asymptotic coverage by starting from a lower credibility level that can be explicitly calculated.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HYDRAULIC JUMP CHARACTERISTICS IN TRIANGULAR CHANNEL ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE DES CARACTERISTIQUES DU RESSAUT HYDRAULIQUE DANS UN CANAL TRIANGULAIRE

The hydraulic jump is the turbulent transition from supercritical to subcritical flow. The aim of this work is to contribute to a best understanding of the behavior of hydraulic jump in a symmetrical triangular channel of central angle of 90°. New experiments were conducted to quantify its characteristics for a wide range of Froude numbers (2 < F1 < 11). The analysis of the experimental results shows the insufficiency of the equations already suggested, deducted from the half triangular channel studied by Hager and Wanoschek (1985). The influence of the upstream sequent depth on the features of the hydraulic jump and especially the surface profile is considered. Some relationships, translating the sizes of the characteristics of the hydraulic jump in asymmetrical triangular channel, are presented in dimensionless terms, in order to show their general practical validity. The effects of the cross-sectional are investigated as well. This research is applied particularly in the conception of dams’ stilling basins.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Long-term Salinized Soils

In some areas, particularly in the Mediterranean regions, saline water is a source of water for crop irrigation. Consequently during the time, the use of this water may cause significant modifications of the soil physic-chemical properties and plant toxicity. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the variation of soil stability index and of ECe, ESP, pH, exchangeable potassium, bulk density, soil hydraulic conductivity and water retention curve (h(θ)), for a clay sandy soil, which was irrigated over 12 years with saline water. The soil stability index was evaluated by 2 methods: after wetting the sample (Water Stability Index = WSI) and without the pre-wetting step (Water Stability Dry Index = WSDI). The measures have been taken at three depths along the soil profile: 0-0.30, 0.30-0.60 and 0.60-0.90 m. The saline water was obtained by adding commercial sea salt to the irrigation water with the result of a final concentrations of 0.25 (2.5 g l-1), 0.5 (5 g l-1) and 1% (10 g l-1). A non-salinized control was also included. The increasing salinity of the irrigation water increased at all the depths ECe, ESP and pH, while exchangeable potassium decreased. Assessment of soil aggregates stability without samples pre-wetting (WSDI) allowed us to better discriminate among the different samples examined. Aggregate stability for each of the soil layers decreased at increasing salinity of the irrigation water. Long term salinization affected the aggregate stability of the deepest layers. The soil hydraulic conductivity decreased also, while bulk density increased. The shape of the soil water retention curve was also affected by salinity. In the salinized plots less water is relaxed within -150 ÷ -12 cm ψ range. The available water was reduced at increasing salinity. Irrigation with saline water on clay-sandy soils increases ECe, pH and ESP, all of which negatively affect the soil aggregate stability. Damage to the soil structure remarkably reduces the available water and soil hydraulic conductivity. The magnitude of these deleterious effects may increase through the years and in proportion to salt concentration in the irrigation water.
Oestrogen and progesterone receptor binding capacity and oestrogen receptor alpha expression (ERα mRNA) along the cervix of cycling ewes

The aim of the present work was to study the oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) binding capacity and the oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) mRNA concentration in cranial and caudal cervix during the ovine oestrous cycle. Cervical samples of synchronised Corriedale ewes were obtained on Day 1 (n = 7), 6 (n = 6) or 13 (n = 7) after oestrus detection (Day 0). The ER and PR binding capacity by ligand-binding assay and the ERα mRNA concentration by solution hybridisation in both cranial and caudal zones of the cervix were determined. The ER and PR binding capacity were higher (P < 0.005) on Day 1 than on Days 6 and 13 in both cranial and caudal zones. The ERα mRNA concentrations were higher (P < 0.0001) on Day 1 than on Days 6 and 13 only in the caudal zone. The PR binding capacity and ERα mRNA concentration were higher (P < 0.005) in the caudal than in the cranial zone on Day 1. The ER and PR expression in the ovine cervix varied during the oestrous cycle in agreement with the known upregulation exerted by oestrogen and downregulation exerted by progesterone. Differences in ER and PR expression along the longitudinal axis of the ovine cervix were found, reflecting histological and functional differences between the cranial and caudal zones. Additional keyword: ewe cervical steroid receptors.
Grain & Graze: an innovative triple bottom line approach to collaborative and multidisciplinary mixed-farming systems research, development and extension

The Grain & Graze program attempted to improve the ‘triple bottom line’ of mixed-farming systems in Australia through a major program of research, development and extension (RD&E) that operated across nine regions, with a total budget of A$31million provided by four R&D corporations and over 60 regional partners. Regional activities were complemented by a series of national projects and management and governance arrangements were organised at both regional and national levels with significant producer input. While the two-tiered management structure resulted in both tensions and opportunities the outputs of the program were substantial including 278 demonstration and trial sites, 180 training courses, over 200 publications, tools and manuals, over 100 research papers and a database of national and regional data. Over 8000 producers participated in program events, over 5000 actively trialled new activities and around 3200 adopted recommended practices despite severely unfavourable seasonal conditions over the 5 years of the program. A return on investment of 3.4 : 1 for the core funders was comparable to some other agricultural RD&E programs if lower than others. The program expanded the scope of farming systems RD&E in Australia through explicit recognition of the triple bottom line and development of formal and informal approaches to integration across these dimensions. It established regional and inter-regional networks of producers and scientists that can be expected to have ongoing significance. The papers that follow in this special issue reflect the magnitude of the program’s achievements.