Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large-eddy simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer: Influence of unsteady forcing, baroclinicity, inversion strength and stability on the wind profile

The largest wind turbines today often reach heights where traditional models of the wind speed and how it varies with height no longer can be expected to apply. For accurate assessment of wind energy resources and loads on wind turbines, there is a need for better understanding of the flow of air above the atmospheric surface layer. Continuous and detailed measurements of mean winds and turbulence above the surface layer are expensive and difficult to obtain. Computational fluid dynamics modelling of the atmospheric flow can be an attractive alternative or supplement to field experiments. In this study, the method of large-eddy simulation (LES) is applied to gain improved insight on the flow in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The primary motivation behind the study has been to facilitate improvement of analytical wind profile models valid above the surface layer, however, the prospect of using LES more directly in applications such as short-term forecasting of the turbulent flow at e.g. wind farm sites is also considered. Two case studies based on measurements from the rural site of Høvsøre, Denmark and a suburban site in Hamburg, Germany demonstrate the need for accurate specification of the large-scale pressure forcing, when using LES for prediction of real-world wind profiles. In the Høvsøre case study, simulated wind speeds agree well with measurements throughout the ABL, but only when the applied forcing follows a heightand time-dependent pressure gradient estimated from continuous LIDAR measurements of the wind speed above the ABL. Including unsteadiness and baroclinic effects in the forcing also improves agreement with measurements in the Hamburg case study, but not as unambiguously as in the Høvsøre case study. It is concluded that the measurements available at and around the site in Hamburg are insufficient for accurate estimation of the driving pressure gradient, and that phenomena such as large-scale subsidence and advection also should be included in the LES for accurate wind profile prediction. A range of simulations of more idealized conditions are performed to study the influence of the free atmosphere Brunt Vaisala frequency and baroclinicity on the development and steady-state structure of neutral and near-neutral ABLs. It is found that an adjustment time of at least 16 hours is needed for the simulated flow to reach a quasi-steady state. The highly idealized conditions facilitate the formation of a super-geostrophic jet near the top of the ABL. It is considered to be a rare phenomena in the real-world ABL, and is not accounted for by the analytical models of the wind shear included in this study. It is furthermore shown that the considered wind profile model can be improved by appropriately accounting for the wind shear due to the free atmosphere Brunt Vaisala frequency and baroclinicity. The thesis is submitted to the Danish Technical University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the PhD degree. 2013 Project Period: 14.10. 2010 – 14.11. 2013
Norwegian pre-service teacher students’ and public health nursing students’ views on health – a qualitative study of students’ perceptions

ABSTRACT Purpose In 2020, the Norwegian school curriculum was revised, introducing a new cross-curricular subject, Public Health, and Life Skills. The curriculum emphasizes collaboration between teachers and the school health service. Subsequently, a research project, Literacies for Health and Life Skills, was initiated at Oslo Metropolitan University. The aim was to develop a new approach to the subject. A part of the research was to explore perceptions about good and poor health among teacher students and public health nursing students. Methods This study has a qualitative design using auto-photography, group discussions and photo-elicitation interviews as methods to explore the students’ views on health. Results A analysis revealed three themes about good health in both student groups: Relaxation and tranquillity, belonging and relations, and enjoyment as important to health. Three themes about poor health emerged in both student groups: The ideal body and self-perception, you are as healthy as you feel, and the best in life is also the worst. The students’ statements were characterized by underlying assumptions about health in society, with a focus on “healthism”. No major differences between the student groups were found. Conclusion This study serves as a step towards increased understanding of health perceptions among future professionals working with children and adolescents.
Induced Seismicity Near Fox Creek, Alberta: Interpretation of Source Mechanisms

Shallow borehole microseismic monitoring was undertaken during multi-stage hydraulic fracturing operations near Fox Creek, Alberta. P-wave focal-mechanism inversion was applied to 17 events with magnitudes greater than M 1.5 by fitting P-wave polarities and 3C amplitudes. By analyzing the inverted source mechanisms, the 17 induced events can be classified into two main groups. Group one consists of N-S (or E-W) trending strike-slip earthquakes, while group two consists of NE-SW or NW-SE trending oblique slip events. In the case of group one, decomposition of the source mechanisms shows that they are dominated by double-couple components (typically >75%). In the case of group two, source mechanisms exhibit significant non-double-couple components, consistent with minor tensile opening/closing or complex fault geometry. The latter might include multiple intersecting fractures, dilatant jogs created at the overlapping areas of multiple fractures, or non-planar fault geometry.
Individual differences in motivation to participate in online panels : the effect on reponse rate and reponse quality perceptions

According to Inside Research, 43% of survey research in 2008 was conducted online. An Acorn study for IIR revealed that 75% of research decision makers in the US have now tried online research and expect to use it again in future. The vast majority of online consumer research is conducted making use of online access panels (Göritz 2004), which are defined as pools of people who have agreed to participate in online surveys on a regular basis (Göritz et al. 2002) and therefore provide benefits such as reduced costs and respondents’ immediate availability (Göritz 2004). The key concern for online panels is to acquire and maintain a critical mass of members who are motivated to repeatedly participate in online surveys. While the number of respondents in panels looks impressively large, and might suggest that panel recruitment and maintenance is not a problem, ComScore Networks (2005) reports that 30% of all online surveys are completed by only 0.25% of the internet population. To broaden the respondent base, it is critical for researchers to gain knowledge about what motivates panel members to participate in online surveys.
Stock assessment updates of the bottomfish management unit species of American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Guam in 2015 using data through 2013

In this report, we conduct a strict stock assessment update of the Bottomfish Management Unit Species (BMUS) in Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands using the same base case production model as used in the previous stock assessment (Brodziak et al. 2012), but with an additional 3 years of catch and nominal CPUE as input data. A Bayesian statistical framework is applied to estimate parameters of a production model fit to a time series of annual CPUE statistics to provide direct estimates of parameter uncertainty for status determination. The surplus production model includes both process error in biomass production dynamics and observation error in the catch-per-unit effort data. Overall, the American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Guam bottomfish complexes were not overfished (overfished is defined as B<0.7*BMSY) and were not experiencing overfishing (overfishing is defined as H>HMSY) in 2013, the most recent year of the stock assessment estimates. We conducted stock projections for 2016 and 2017, which projected a range of hypothetical twoyear catches and calculated corresponding risks of overfishing. For the American Samoa BMUS complex, the 2016 catch level that would produce a 50% risk of overfishing in 2016 was 137 thousand pounds. For the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands BMUS complex, the 2016 catch level that would produce a 50% risk of overfishing in 2016 was 304 thousand pounds. For the Guam BMUS complex, the 2016 catch level that would produce a 50% risk of overfishing in 2016 was 82 thousand pounds. All of these catch values associated with a 50% risk of overfishing in 2016 are much higher than actual bottomfish landings in 2013 for American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Guam which were 23,630, 22,510, and 29,848 pounds, respectively.
Infant vocal productions coincide with body movements.

Producing recognizable words is a difficult motor task; a one-syllable word can require the coordination of over 80 muscles. Thus, it is not surprising that the development of word productions in infancy lags considerably behind receptive language and is a known limiting factor in language development. A large literature has focused on the vocal apparatus, its articulators, and language development. There has been limited study of the relations between non-speech motor skills and the quality of early speech productions. Here we present evidence that the spontaneous vocalizations of 9- to 24-month-old infants recruit extraneous, synergistic co-activations of hand and head movements and that the temporal precision of the co-activation of vocal and extraneous muscle groups tightens with age and improved recognizability of speech. These results implicate an interaction between the muscle groups that produce speech and other body movements and provide new empirical pathways for understanding the role of motor development in language acquisition. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The spontaneous vocalizations of 9- to 24-month-old infants recruit extraneous, synergistic co-activations of hand and head movements. The temporal precision of these hand and head movements during vocal production tighten with age and improved speech recognition. These results implicate an interaction between the muscle groups producing speech with other body movements. These results provide new empirical pathways for understanding the role of motor development in language acquisition.
Diversity of Pre-colonial Earthworks in the Brazilian State of Acre, Southwestern Amazonia

ABSTRACT Amazonian earthworks, which are an important testimony to ancient anthropogenic landscape modifications, have a significant variety of structures and sizes, and are found in different geographical and ecological locations that indicate separate time periods, distinct cultural affiliations, and diverse purposes. We introduce data from diverse archaeological earthwork sites, geoglyphs, mound sites, and walled enclosures situated in the interfluves of the Purus River in the Brazilian state of Acre and propose a type definition for these sites. The abundant anthropogenic landscape features and their associated material culture indicate considerable human-induced environmental alterations and diverse earthworking traditions that are characteristic of the region of eastern Acre from at least ca. 2000 b.p. onwards.
Cognitive factors as mediators of the relationship between childhood trauma and depression symptoms: the mediating roles of cognitive overgeneralisation, rumination, and social problem-solving

ABSTRACT Background: Childhood trauma has negative immediate and long-term impacts on depression. Questions remain, however, regarding the cognitive factors influencing this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the role of three cognitive factors – cognitive overgeneralisation, rumination and social problem-solving – as mediating factors in the relationship between childhood trauma and symptoms of depression. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Iran from March to July 2023. Participants (N = 227; Mean age 32.44 ± 8.95 years) with depression completed measures of childhood trauma, depression, self-overgeneralisation, cognitive errors, memory specificity, rumination and social problem-solving. The conceptual model was assessed using structural equation modelling. Results: Structural equation modelling indicated that childhood trauma had a positive direct effect on depression symptoms. Childhood trauma had a positive indirect effect on depression symptoms through both self-overgeneralisation and rumination and a negative indirect effect on depression through effective social problem-solving strategies. Conclusions: The findings suggest increased exposure to childhood trauma may be associated with elevated depression and self-overgeneralisation, rumination, and effective social problem-solving strategies may play an important role in this relationship. These findings hold potential implications for those working with patients with depression and a history of childhood trauma.
Impact of CALR and JAK2V617F Mutations on Clinical Course and Disease Outcomes in Essential Thrombocythemia: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Turkish Patients

Objective: In this study, we investigated the effects of calreticulin (CALR) and JAK2V617F mutational status on clinical course and disease outcomes in Turkish patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET). Materials and Methods: Seventeen centers from Türkiye participated in the study and CALR- and JAK2V617F-mutated ET patients were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 302 patients were included, of whom 203 (67.2%) and 99 (32.8%) were JAK2V617F- and CALR-positive, respectively. CALR-mutated patients were significantly younger (51 years vs. 57.5 years, p=0.03), with higher median platelet counts (987x109/L vs. 709x109/L, p<0.001) and lower median hemoglobin levels (13.1 g/dL vs. 14.1 g/dL, p<0.001) compared to JAK2V617F-mutated patients. Thromboembolic events (TEEs) occurred in 54 patients (17.9%), 77.8% of which were arterial. Compared to CALR mutation, JAK2V617F was associated with a higher risk of thrombosis (8.1% vs. 22.7%, p=0.002). Rates of transformation to myelofibrosis (MF) and leukemia were 4% and 0.7%, respectively, and these rates were comparable between JAK2V617F- and CALR-mutated cases. The estimated overall survival (OS) and MF-free survival of the entire cohort were 265.1 months and 235.7 months, respectively. OS and MF-free survival durations were similar betweenJAK2V617F- and CALR-mutated patients. Thrombosis-free survival (TFS) was superior in CALR-mutated patients compared to JAK2V617F-positive patients (5-year TFS: 90% vs. 71%, respectively; p=0.001). Age at diagnosis was an independent factor affecting the incidence of TEEs. Conclusion: In our ET cohort, CALR mutations resulted in higher platelet counts and lower hemoglobin levels than JAK2V617F and were associated with younger age at diagnosis. JAK2V617F was strongly associated with thrombosis and worse TFS. Hydroxyurea was the most preferred cytoreductive agent for patients with high thrombosis risk.
The influence of atmospheric circulation patterns on cold air outbreaks in the eastern United States

In this paper, we build upon previous literature in directly addressing the temporal relationship between the stratospheric and tropospheric polar vortex (PV), sea level pressure (SLP), and resultant cold air outbreaks (CAO). An atmospheric and teleconnection analysis was conducted on 49 predefined CAOs across the eastern United States from 1948 to 2016. Clusters of SLP, 100 and 10‐mb geopotential height anomalies were mapped utilizing self‐organizing maps (SOMs) to understand the surface, tropospheric PV, and stratospheric PV patterns preceding CAOs. The Arctic Oscillation (AO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and Pacific–North American (PNA) teleconnections were used as variables to explain the magnitude and location of mid‐latitude Arctic air displacement. Persistently negative SLP anomalies across the Arctic and North Atlantic were evident 1–2 weeks prior to the CAOs throughout the winter. The tropospheric and stratospheric PV were found to be persistently weak/weakening prior to mid‐winter CAOs and predominantly strong and off‐centred prior to early and late season CAOs. Negative phases of the AO and NAO were favoured prior to CAOs, while the PNA was found to be less applicable. This method of CAO and synoptic pattern characterization benefits from a continuous pattern representation and provides insight as to how specific teleconnections and atmospheric patterns lead to CAOs in the eastern United States.
The effect of seasonal variation on automated land cover mapping from multispectral airborne laser scanning data

ABSTRACT Multispectral airborne laser scanning (MS-ALS) sensors are a new promising source of data for automated mapping methods. Finding an optimal time for data acquisition is important in all mapping applications based on remotely sensed datasets. In this study, three MS-ALS datasets acquired at different times of the growing season were compared for automated land cover mapping and road detection in a suburban area. In addition, changes in the intensity were studied. An object-based random forest classification was carried out using reference points. The overall accuracy of the land cover classification was 93.9% (May dataset), 96.4% (June) and 95.9% (August). The use of the May dataset acquired under leafless conditions resulted in more complete roads than the other datasets acquired when trees were in leaf. It was concluded that all datasets used in the study are applicable for suburban land cover mapping, however small differences in accuracies between land cover classes exist.
New and noteworthy records of lichens from Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India

Lichen biota of Pathanamthitta district of Kerala state was thoroughly studied which resulted in 24 lichen species as new to Kerala and one species, Phaeographis nylanderi (Vain.) Zahlbr. as new to India. All the species identified are either crustose or foliose forms belonging to families Graphidaceae and Caliciaceae indicating the dominance of these groups in the study area. List of all the 25 species are provided along with their distribution.
Mallampati score in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders: A pilot case‐control study

Abstract Objectives Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is defined as any functional abnormalities in different parts of the face and neck. The Mallampati index is an indicator for determining the extent of airway blockage. No study has examined the relationship between TMD and Mallampati score. Most studies have investigated the relationship between temporomandibular joint problems and sleep problems. This pilot study aimed to assess the Mallampati index scores among TMD patients. Material and Methods Eighty‐four people were divided into the case (based on RDC/TMD) and control groups. Demographic information, neck circumference, tongue size, Mallampati score, and other variables were asked of people. STOP‐BANG and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were also completed for each patient. Data were analyzed with Chi‐square, Fisher's exact, and Mann–Whitney tests. Results The Mallampati and PSQI questionnaire scores in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.001). The results showed that larger tongue and neck circumference patients had a higher Mallampati score. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the Mallampati score had a direct and significant relationship with body mass index and PSQI (p < 0.001). Conclusions The results of this study show that Mallampati scores were significantly higher among patients with TMD than among healthy individuals.
A Content Analysis of Indoor Tanning Twitter Chatter During COVID-19 Shutdowns: Cross-Sectional Qualitative Study

Background Indoor tanning is a preventable risk factor for skin cancer. Statewide shutdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in temporary closures of tanning businesses. Little is known about how tanners reacted to losing access to tanning businesses. Objective This study aimed to analyze Twitter (subsequently rebranded as X) chatter about indoor tanning during the statewide pandemic shutdowns. Methods We collected tweets from March 15 to April 30, 2020, and performed a directed content analysis of a random sample of 20% (1165/5811) of tweets from each week. The 2 coders independently rated themes (κ=0.67-1.0; 94%-100% agreement). Results About half (589/1165, 50.6%) of tweets were by people unlikely to indoor tan, and most of these mocked tanners or the act of tanning (562/589, 94.9%). A total of 34% (402/1165) of tweets were posted by users likely to indoor tan, and most of these (260/402, 64.7%) mentioned missing tanning beds, often citing appearance- or mood-related reasons or withdrawal. Some tweets by tanners expressed a desire to purchase or use home tanning beds (90/402, 22%), while only 3.9% (16/402) mentioned tanning alternatives (eg, self-tanner). Very few tweets (29/1165, 2.5%) were public health messages about the dangers of indoor tanning. Conclusions Findings revealed that during statewide shutdowns, half of the tweets about indoor tanning were mocking tanning bed users and the tanned look, while about one-third were indoor tanners reacting to their inability to access tanning beds. Future work is needed to understand emerging trends in tanning post pandemic.
A Limit for the Values of the Dst Geomagnetic Index

The study of the extreme weather space events is important for a technological‐dependent society. Extreme value theory could be decisive to characterize those extreme events in order to have the knowledge to make decisions in technological, economic, and social matters, in all fields with possible impacts. In this work, the hourly values of the Dst geomagnetic index have been studied for the period 1957–2014 using the peaks‐over‐threshold technique. The shape parameter obtained from the fit of the generalized Pareto distribution to the extreme values of the |Dst| index leads to a negative value implying an upper bound for this time series. This result is relevant because the estimation of this limit for the extreme values leads to 850 nT as the highest expected value for this geomagnetic index. Thus, from the previous characterization of the Carrington geomagnetic storm and our results, it could be considered the worst‐case scenario.