Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Response of Deep Tropical Clouds to Large-Scale Thermodynamic Forcings. Part I: Modeling Strategies and Simulations of TOGA COARE Convective Systems

Abstract Interactions between deep tropical clouds over the western Pacific warm pool and the larger-scale environment are key to understanding climate change. Cloud models are an extremely useful tool in simulating and providing statistical information on heat and moisture transfer processes between cloud systems and the environment, and can therefore be utilized to substantially improve cloud parameterizations in climate models. In this paper, the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) cloud-resolving model is used in multiday simulations of deep tropical convective activity over the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). Large-scale temperature and moisture advective tendencies, and horizontal momentum from the TOGA COARE Intensive Flux Array region, are applied to the GCE version that incorporates cyclical boundary conditions. Sensitivity experiments show that the horizontal extent (size) of the domain produces the largest response to domain-mean temperatur.
The Loyalty Role in Mediating Workload and Compensation for the Employee Performance at PT Pelindo IV (Persero) Cabang Terminal Petikemas Bitung

This study aims to analyze the role of loyalty in mediating workload and compensation for Employee Performance at PT Pelindo IV (Persero) Cabang Terminal Petikemas Bitung. This study employed a quantitative approach. Respondents involved 170 employees of PT Pelindo IV (Persero) Cabang Terminal Petikemas Bitung. Data analysis used SmartPLS software. The research results show that three variables of workload, compensation and loyalty have provided significant influences. Workload has significant influences towards employee performance, loyalty, and employee performance through loyalty facilities at PT Pelindo IV (Persero) Cabang Terminal Petikemas Bitung. Then, there are significant influences of compensation towards employee performance, loyalty, and employee performance through loyalty at PT Pelindo IV (Persero) Cabang Terminal Petikemas Bitung.
Tunable optical wavelength converters with reconfigurable functionality

We propose novel circuits for tunable all-optical wavelength converters with reconfigurable functionality. Circuits for wavelength converters based on cross-gain modulation (XGM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are considered, for both copropagating and counterpropagating pump and probe signals. The circuits use arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexers (AWGMs) to filter and route signals in and out of the SOAs. The AWGM's minimize the component count in the circuits and may lead to future integration of wavelength converters. We experimentally demonstrate a XGM wavelength converter with copropagating pump and probe signals and report its bit-error-rate (BER) performance at 2.5 Gb/s.
Infrared spectral classification of normal stars

Moderate resolution (400) 2.38-45.2m infrared spectra of stars without dust features were obtained with the Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) on board the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). The observations are part of a larger program with the objective to extend and refine the current infrared classification schemes. In particular, our data provide the basis for a more detailed classification of the 1.N-1.NO sources (ordinary and oxygen rich naked stars) as defined by Kraemer et al. (2002) in a comprehensive classification of the ISO-SWS spectra. For our analysis, the continuum was determined by fitting Engelke's function (Engelke 1992) to the SWS data. The stellar angular diameters derived from these estimates of the continuum are in good agreement with values obtained by other methods. Analysis of the equivalent widths of the CO fundamental and first overtone molecular bands, the SiO fundamental and first overtone, as well as the H2O bending mode band as a function of MK class, reveals that there is sucient information in the SWS spectra to distinguish between hot (B, A, F) and cool stars. Furthermore, it is possible to determine the spectral type for the G, K and M giants, and subtype ranges in a sequence of K and M giants. The equivalent widths of the CO and SiO bands are found to be well correlated in K and M stars, such that the equivalent widths of the CO fundamental, the SiO first overtone and the SiO fundamental can be reasonably well extrapolated from the depth of the CO first overtone. We have identified two stars, HR 365 and V Nor, whose mid-infrared spectrum does not correspond to their respective optical classification. HR 365 may have a late M companion, which dominates the observed infrared spectrum while V Nor is a late type giant that was included because its spectrum was classified as featureless under the IRAS LRS scheme. According to Kraemer et al. (2002), V Nor has a thin dust shell, which distorts the analysis of its mid-infrared absorption bands.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Machine Learning for Classifying and Quantifying Nutmeg Adulteration

Abstract Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides broadbands, overtones, and combinations of organic-bond vibrations and has been used to characterize agricultural and food products. The adulteration of grated nutmeg with cinnamon is extremely profitable and difficult to detect; to prevent retail fraud, it is vital to differentiate between these materials. This study proposes a model for classifying the adulteration of nutmeg with cinnamon and predicting the level of adulteration. NIR spectra were characterized with six machine learning (ML) algorithms, namely, the principal component-multilayer perceptron (PC-MLP), principal component-linear discriminant analysis (PC-LDA), partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and decision tree (DT) methods. PC-MLP provided 100% accuracy in calibration and prediction in distinguishing nutmeg from cinnamon. In addition, this approach showed excellent performance in predicting the adulteration ratio of nutmeg and cinnamon with a high coefficient of determination of prediction (R2pred) value of 0.9969, low root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) value of 0.5728%, and high ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) value of 17.9605. Therefore, this study indicates the potential of integrating NIR spectroscopy with PC-MLP to classify and quantify the adulteration of nutmeg.
Local Energetics of an Idealized Baroclinic Wave Using Extended Exergy

The concept of local extended exergy is here applied to an idealized, dry, and reversible-adiabatic cyclone development. The extended exergy as well as the kinetic energy are decomposed into a mean part, defined by a zonal average, and into a perturbation from the mean. The resulting local energy evolution equations provide an extension of the well-known Lorenz-type available energy equations. A term in the baroclinic conversion rate, connected with static stability anomalies, which is not usually considered, is of significance even in this idealized case study and contributes significantly to the nonlinear equilibration of the baroclinic wave.
Open boundary particle simulation of electrostatic ion cyclotron instability

We have developed a 2½-dimensional open boundary particle simulation model and have studied the current-driven electrostatic ion-cyclotron instability and related d.c. potential difference. Fresh streaming electrons are injected smoothly from the boundaries at each time step, avoiding unphysical accumulation of charged particles in front of the boundaries. As a current-driven electrostatic ion cyclotron instability grows, a d.c. potential difference along the magnetic field lines is created.
Development of Two-Dosemeter Algorithm for Better Estimation of Effective Dose Equivalent and Effective Dose

An optimal algorithm, which suitably combines two dosemeter readings, one dosemeter on the chest and the other on the back, for better estimation of effective dose equivalent (H E ) and effective dose (E), was developed by utilising hundreds of broad parallel photon beam irradiation geometries. The developed algorithm, weighting front (chest) and back dosemeter readings by 0.58 and 0.42, respectively, was found to be superior to other currently available algorithms, neither underestimating H E or E by more than 14%, nor overestimating by more than a few tens of a per cent for a broad range of frontal and dorsal incident beams. Like other algorithms, however, this algorithm tends to overestimate H E and E significantly for the lateral, overhead and underfoot beam directions. This study also suggests that this overestimation problem significantly decreases when one uses typical commercial dosemeters instead of isotropic-responding dosemeters.
Asynchronous finite-time dynamic output feedback control for switched time-delay systems with non-linear disturbances

The asynchronous finite-time dynamic output feedback control problem is concerned for switched time-delay systems with non-linear disturbances. By constructing multiple Lyapunov functions and resorting to the average dwell-time approach, an asynchronous dynamic output feedback controller is designed to ensure the finite-time stability of the resulting closed-loop system, where asynchronous means that there is a lag between switching of controllers and subsystems. It should be pointed out that the Lyapunov function energy is allowed to increase during the running intervals of the active subsystems. Furthermore, all the conditions are formulated in forms of a set of linear matrix inequalities which can be easily solved by using the recently developed interior point method. Finally, two examples are provided to show the potential of the main results.
ICT TPACK-Oriented of Floor Gymnastics Learning Media for Elementary School Students

Physical education teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic generally used textbooks and video tutorials to visualize basic gymnastic movements. It makes it difficult for students to learn. This study aims to develop information, communication and technology/ICT Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge/TPACK-oriented gymnastics basic skills learning media for high-grade elementary school students. This type of research is development. This development research uses the ADDIE model design, which focuses on the analysis and design stages discussion. Data collection methods are observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The data collection instrument is a questionnaire. Data analysis in this study was carried out using descriptive quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results showed that first, 342 people (82%) of elementary school students needed ICT TPACK-oriented gymnastics basic skills learning media. Based on data analysis and discussion, this study concludes that elementary school students need learning media for basic ICT TPACK-oriented gymnastics skills. The motion assignments are designed on a combination of basic movement materials using a jumping table, balance movements on the floor and kayaks that are varied by the curriculum, guaranteeing the adequacy of learning motion. Some characters are internalized, and the safety and security of students are guaranteed.
Epidemiology, real-world treatment and mortality of patients with status epilepticus in Germany: insights from a large healthcare database

Abstract Status epilepticus is a life-threatening emergency, and to date, few studies have reported on its long-term treatment and outcomes. This study aimed to estimate the incidence, the treatment and outcomes, the healthcare resource utilization and the costs of status epilepticus in Germany. Data from 2015 to 2019 were obtained from German claims (AOK PLUS). Patients with ≥1 status epilepticus event and no event in the preceding 12 months (baseline) were included. A subgroup of patients with an epilepsy diagnosis during baseline was also analysed. Of the 2782 status epilepticus patients (mean age = 64.3 years; 52.3% female), 1585 (57.0%) were previously diagnosed with epilepsy. The age- and sex-standardized incidence was 25.5 cases/100 000 persons in 2019. The mortality rate after 12 months was 39.8% overall (19.4% and 28.2% after 30 and 90 days, respectively) and 30.4% in the epilepsy patient subgroup. Factors associated with higher mortality were age, comorbidity status, presence of brain tumours and an acute stroke. An epilepsy-related hospitalization at onset of or 7 days prior to the status epilepticus event as well as prescription of antiseizure medication during baseline was associated with a better survival rate. Overall, 71.6% of patients (85.6% in the epilepsy subgroup) were prescribed with out-patient antiseizure medication and/or rescue medication within 12 months. All patients sustained on average 1.3 status epilepticus–related hospitalizations (20.5% had more than one) during a mean follow-up period of 545.2 days (median 514 days); total direct costs including in-patient and out-patient status epilepticus treatments were 10 826€ and 7701€ per patient-year overall and for the epilepsy patient subgroup, respectively. The majority of status epilepticus patients received an out-patient treatment in line with epilepsy guidelines, and patients previously diagnosed with epilepsy have a higher likelihood to receive it. The mortality in the affected patient population is high; risk factors were older age, higher comorbidity burden, the presence of brain tumours or an acute stroke.
Weak equilibria for time‐inconsistent control: With applications to investment‐withdrawal decisions

This paper considers time‐inconsistent problems when control and stopping strategies are required to be made simultaneously (called stopping control problems by us). We first formulate the time‐inconsistent stopping control problems under general multidimensional controlled diffusion model and propose a formal definition of their equilibria. We show that an admissible pair (û,C)$(\hat{u},C)$ of control‐stopping policy is equilibrium if and only if the auxiliary function associated with it solves the extended HJB system, providing a methodology to verify or exclude equilibrium solutions. We provide several examples to illustrate applications to mathematical finance and control theory. For a problem whose reward function endogenously depends on the current wealth, the equilibrium is explicitly obtained. For another model with a nonexponential discount, we prove that any constant proportion strategy can not be equilibrium. We further show that general nonconstant equilibrium exists and is described by singular boundary value problems. This example shows that considering our combined problems is essentially different from investigating them separately. In the end, we also provide a two‐dimensional example with a hyperbolic discount.
Investigation on sound transmission through thick-wall cylindrical shells using 3D- theory of elasticity in the presence of external and mean air-gap flow

This paper studies the effects of an external mean flow and an internal air-gap mean flow on sound transmission through a double-wall thick cylindrical shell. Due to the major influence of some effective terms such as membrane, bending, transverse shearing and rotational inertia on thick-walled shell, three-dimensional theory of elasticity is used to obtain the governing equations of motion. Therefore, Newton’s second law is utilized to develop the equilibrium equations for an infinitesimal element in cylindrical coordinates. Then, the equations of motion related to the circular hollow cylinders are solved using Helmholtz potentials for arbitrary values of physical and geometrical parameters. In addition, by coupling of both inner and outer shells, a modal transfer matrix is created. This modal matrix stands for the global dynamic equilibrium of the double-wall cylinder. Moreover, the sound transmission Loss of the double-wall cylinder excited by an acoustic oblique plane wave with two angles of incident (i.e. elevation and azimuth angles) is predicted. Due to lack of studies in the field of sound transmission through the thick-walled shell, the results obtained in this study are compared with those from other researchers for a thin cylindrical shell. These results indicate an excellent agreement in comparison with each other. Furthermore, the results reveal that with thickening of the shell, critical and coincidence frequencies are getting closer to ring frequency. Moreover, the effects of external and air-gap flows on TL behave in similar way whereas the Mach number is positive. In addition, an improvement of transmission loss can be found whereas the Mach number is negative; particularly this enhancement is more specified for the external flow. Finally, the results indicate that where both external and air-gap fluids simultaneously flow in opposite directions ( M o > 0 , M g < 0 ) the TL is significantly enhanced. However, for the case where these two fluids flow in the same direction ( M o > 0 , M g > 0 ) the TL is decreased.
Penetration of Dynamo-generated Magnetic Fields into the Sun’s Radiative Interior

Any large-scale magnetic fields present in solar/stellar radiative interiors have so far been thought to be primordial or residuals from extinct dynamos. We show that a regular cyclic dynamo can also be the origin of strong magnetic fields in the solar radiative tachocline and interior below. By exploiting a kinematic, mean-field flux-transport dynamo, we show that for a wide range of core-diffusivity values, from 109 cm2 s-1 down to a molecular diffusivity of 103 cm2 s-1, oscillatory dynamo fields penetrate below the tachocline. Amplitudes of these fields are in the range of ~1 kG to 3 × 103 kG, depending on core diffusivity value, when the dynamo produces ~100 kG peak toroidal fields in the overshoot tachocline. For a low enough core diffusivity (≲107 cm2 s-1), there is also a steady (nonreversing) dynamo in the radiative tachocline and below, which generates strong toroidal field of amplitude ~1 kG to 3 × 103 kG or more there. The key elements in this dynamo are the low diffusivity, the differential rotation near the bottom of the tachocline, and an assumed tachocline α-effect. The Lorentz force feedback may limit oscillatory dynamo fields to ~30 kG, for which the mean nonreversing toroidal fields is still ~300 kG, for the lowest core diffusivity value. The presence of strong oscillatory and steady toroidal fields in the radiative tachocline implies that there cannot be a slow tachocline; the dynamics should always be fast there, dominated by MHD. These results are obtained using solar parameters, but they should also apply generally to stars with convecting shells and perhaps also with convective cores.
Pulsation properties of the rapidly oscillating Ap star 10 Aquilae (HD 176232)

We have studied the pulsation behaviour of radial velocities of individual spectral lines of different chemical elements for the well known, bright rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) star 10 Aql (HD 176232) based on high-quality Very Large Telescope spectra. We found that only lines of rare earth elements and the narrow Hα core show detectable rapid variations of radial velocity with the known photometric pulsation period, 11.7 min. The highest pulsation amplitudes of more than 0.5 km s −1 are found for rather weak lines of Tb III and Dy III. The pulsational phases obtained for lines of Tb III and Dy III differ by π rad, perhaps an indication of a radial node between their line-forming layers. Weak lines of Sm II also display amplitudes near 0.5 km s −1 . Surprisingly, the lines of Pr III show the lowest detected pulsation amplitude in strong contrast with the majority of roAp stars for which this ion has some of the highest radial velocity amplitudes. Lines of Nd III with different intensities have pulsation amplitudes different to the weaker lines that are formed more deeply in the atmosphere having higher amplitudes. Line bisectors for strong Nd III line profiles show significant changes of phase, and even phase jumps for some lines, indicating complex variations in the pulsation phase as a function of atmospheric depth. The low-measured rotational velocity of this star indicates that there is little Doppler resolution of the line profiles, hence that the large range of pulsation amplitudes and phases of radial velocities determined for line bisectors are primarily caused by atmospheric depth effects.
Individual Differences in Three Types of Motive Congruence: Normative, Configural and Temporal

The implicit and explicit components of the human motivational system are typically considered to be distinct but related, with varying implicit–explicit congruence across individuals. However, prior research has only measured a particular type of individual congruence, which I term normative congruence. Individuals who are normatively congruent have similar levels of explicit and implicit motivation as measured on a scale centered at the sample mean. I propose two new ways to model congruence. First, temporal congruence can be modeled by longitudinally measuring motives and examining the extent to which implicit and explicit motivation covary across occasions. In this type of congruence, occasions are the units of analysis. Second, configural congruence can be modeled by measuring motives in the achievement, affiliation and power domains and measuring covariation across domains. In this type of analysis, motive contents are the units of analysis. In two weekly-diary studies, I measured well-being and all three types of congruence. Analyses indicated that temporal and configural congruence were negatively related to each other. Normative congruence was not consistently related to well-being, and configural congruence was a highly robust predictor of greater well-being, whereas temporal congruence was a moderately robust predictor of lower well-being. Configural congruence may be beneficial because it entails having one’s identity aligned with one’s strongest implicit motives, an alignment which drives the adoption of life goals that one is motivated to pursue. Temporal congruence may be detrimental because it predicts a lack of compensatory processes to maintain explicit goal pursuit on occasions when implicit motivation lags. Thus, implicit–explicit congruence is not a unitary construct; there are different types of congruence that have unique implications for well-being.
Evaluation of 644 Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Patients in a Single Center

Objective: Our study aimed to review and evaluate the indications, complications, complication-related risk factors, and mortality rates of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) performed in a single university hospital. Methods: We retrospectively examined hospital records of all 819 patients who underwent PEG between January 2010 and January 2019. Patients whose information was not available for various reasons, who had a history of gastrectomy, who were under 18 years old, and/or who had undergone PEG before, were excluded from the study. Results: The mean age of the patients was 65.12 ± 15.42 years, and the majority of the patients (60.6%) were female. In the vast majority of patients, the PEG indication was due to neurological causes (71.5%), among which the majority was a stroke. The overall complication rate in our study was 11.2%. The most common was a peristomal infection in 37 (5.7%) patients. Patients who were not under any antibiotic treatment and/or had diabetes mellitus had a higher risk for peristomal infection. Dementia increased the risk of tube dislodgement. The use of clopidogrel, the simultaneous use of aspirin and clopidogrel, and hypertension were independent risk factors for bleeding complications. The one-year mortality risk was significantly higher in patients who underwent PEG due to neurological causes compared to those who underwent PEG due to malignancy or other reasons (p = 0.021, p = 0.038, respectively). Conclusion: The PEG procedure is a safe and feasible technique due to its low complication and mortality rate in patients with swallowing disorders who need long-term nutritional support.