Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Logic-Based Explanation Generation Framework for Classical and Hybrid Planning Problems

In human-aware planning systems, a planning agent might need to explain its plan to a human user when that plan appears to be non-feasible or sub-optimal. A popular approach, called model reconciliation, has been proposed as a way to bring the model of the human user closer to the agent’s model. To do so, the agent provides an explanation that can be used to update the model of human such that the agent’s plan is feasible or optimal to the human user. Existing approaches to solve this problem have been based on automated planning methods and have been limited to classical planning problems only. In this paper, we approach the model reconciliation problem from a different perspective, that of knowledge representation and reasoning, and demonstrate that our approach can be applied not only to classical planning problems but also hybrid systems planning problems with durative actions and events/processes. In particular, we propose a logic-based framework for explanation generation, where given a knowledge base KBa (of an agent) and a knowledge base KBh (of a human user), each encoding their knowledge of a planning problem, and that KBa entails a query q (e.g., that a proposed plan of the agent is valid), the goal is to identify an explanation ε ⊆ KBa such that when it is used to update KBh, then the updated KBh also entails q. More specifically, we make the following contributions in this paper: (1) We formally define the notion of logic-based explanations in the context of model reconciliation problems; (2) We introduce a number of cost functions that can be used to reflect preferences between explanations; (3) We present algorithms to compute explanations for both classical planning and hybrid systems planning problems; and (4) We empirically evaluate their performance on such problems. Our empirical results demonstrate that, on classical planning problems, our approach is faster than the state of the art when the explanations are long or when the size of the knowledge base is small (e.g., the plans to be explained are short). They also demonstrate that our approach is efficient for hybrid systems planning problems. Finally, we evaluate the real-world efficacy of explanations generated by our algorithms through a controlled human user study, where we develop a proof-of-concept visualization system and use it as a medium for explanation communication.
INDICATIONS OF OXYGENATION AFTER THORACIC OPERATIONS DEPENDING ON THE METHOD OF SELECTION OF DUAL ENDOBRONCHIAL TUBE USED

Annotation. Pulmonary complications are a key problem in the postoperative period in patients with diseases of the thoracic cavity. They are characterized as the main factors of longer recovery and hospital mortality. The aim of the study was to compare the indicators of oxygenation of patients and the number of postoperative pulmonary complications after thoracic surgery, depending on the method used to select a dual endobronchial tube. The study was performed on 192 patients with diseases of the thoracic cavity (esophagus, lungs, mediastinum), operated on in the thoracoabdominal department of the Shalimov National Institute of Surgery and Tranplantology. A retrospective comparison group - 96 patients after thoracic surgery, which used the choice of DLT size according to the well-known method of Slinger "according to the patient's height". The study group consisted of 96 patients after thoracic surgery, in which the choice of the size of the dual endobronchial tube was used according to the developed method (according to the formula that evaluates morphometric indicators of height, sex and diameter of the left main bronchus). EZR v 1.54 statistical software was used for statistical calculations. (graphical user interface for statistical software R version 4.0.3, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Pulmonary complications developed in 33 (34.4%) patients of the control group and in 13 (13.5%) patients of the study group, the difference was statistically significant, p=0.001. One-factor analysis revealed a link between the risk of complications and the indicators method, sex, PaCO2, PaO2. For the study group, the risk of complications is lower (p=0.001), BP=0.30 (95% CI 0.15-0.61) compared with the control group. The risk of complications for men is higher (p=0.048), BP=2.33 (95% CI 1.01-5.37) compared to women. An increase in the risk of complications with an increase in PaCO2 (p<0.001), BP=1.34 (95% CI 1.21-1.49) with an increase in the indicator by 1 unit, respectively. With increasing PaO2, the risk of complications decreases (p<0.001): BP=0.96 (95% CI 0.94-0.98) - with increasing 1 unit. Thus, the application of the proposed method in comparison with the traditional method reduces (p=0.001) the number of postoperative pulmonary complications by 2.5 times (from 34.4% to 13.5%).
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in employees in the health insurance sector

Introduction. Serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is a valuable method of estimating the extent of COVID-19 disease prevalence. The study aims to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in a specific group of respondents employed in the health insurance sector, to determine the ratio of symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, as well as to examine susceptibility to COVID-19 in relation to the ABO blood group system. Methods. This research was conducted among 150 randomly selected employees from the health insurance sector of the Republic of Srpska. All respondents completed the survey, voluntary consent to participate, and had a blood sample taken. Serum samples were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies. Results. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection was 70.7%. Out of the 100 seropositive respondents, 48% had the presence of a symptom of COVID-19, while 52% had no symptoms of the disease in the period from 1 March 1 2020 until the day of testing. Examining the association between ABO blood group system and seropositivity in our study, we found that the highest seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among respondents was in blood group B (83.3%), followed by blood group AB (80.0%) and blood group A (75.0%), while the lowest seroprevalence was among respondents with blood group O (54.1%). Conclusion. Among employees in the health insurance sector, SARSCoV-2 seroprevalence of 70.7% was registered. Among respondents with a positive serological result on IgG, 52% were asymptomatic. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is the lowest among subjects with blood group O.
Distinct Urinary Metabolic Biomarkers of Human Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers with high mortality rate due to its poor diagnosis in the early stage. Here, we report a urinary metabolomic study on a cohort of CRC patients (n =67) and healthy controls (n =21) using ultraperformance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Pathway analysis showed that a series of pathways that belong to amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism were dysregulated, for instance the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glycolysis, and TCA cycle. A total of 48 differential metabolites were identified in CRC compared to controls. A panel of 12 biomarkers composed of chenodeoxycholic acid, vanillic acid, adenosine monophosphate, glycolic acid, histidine, azelaic acid, hydroxypropionic acid, glycine, 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, oxoglutaric acid, and homocitrulline were identified by Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Boruta analysis classification model and validated by Gradient Boosting (GB), Logistic Regression (LR), and Random Forest diagnostic model, which were able to discriminate CRC subjects from healthy controls. These urinary metabolic biomarkers provided a novel and promising molecular approach for the early diagnosis of CRC.
Encompassing Infection-Specific Epitopes Gives Long-Lasting T Cell Immunity Natural Exposure to Cutaneous Anthrax

TherehasbeenalonghistoryofdeﬁningTcellepitopestotrackviralimmunityandtodesignrationalvaccines,yetfewdataofthistype exist for bacterial infections. Bacillus anthracis , the causative agent of anthrax, is both an endemic pathogen in many regions and a potential biological warfare threat. T cell immunity in naturally infected anthrax patients has not previously been characterized, which is surprising given concern about the ability of anthrax toxins to subvert or ablate adaptive immunity. We investigated CD4 T cell responses in patients from the Kayseri region of Turkey who were previously infected with cutaneous anthrax. Responses to B. anthracis protective Ag and lethal factor (LF) were investigated at the protein, domain, and epitope level. Several years after antibiotic-treated anthrax infection, strong T cell memory was detectable, with no evidence of the expected impairment in speciﬁc immunity. Although serological responses to existing anthrax vaccines focus primarily on protective Ag, the major target of T cell immunity in infected individuals and anthrax-vaccinated donors was LF, notably domain IV. Some of these anthrax epitopes showed broad binding to several HLA class alleles, but others were more constrained in their HLA binding patterns. Of speciﬁc CD4 T cell epitopes targeted within LF domain IV, one is preferentially seen in the context of bacterial infection, as opposed to vaccination, suggesting that studies of this type will be important in understanding how the human immune system confronts serious bacterial infection. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 184: 3814–3821. reported HLA-DR molecules were immunopuriﬁed from con-sanguineous EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid B cell lines afﬁnity chroma- tography. A biotinylated reporter peptidewas incubated with a dose range of LF
The Effect of Moisture Content and Time of Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) on The Properties of Jack Bean (Canavalia Ensiformis) Starch

Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) is one of Indonesia’s local legumes containing 61.15% of carbohydrates and 33.32% of protein. Natural starch has been limitedly used in food products due to its weak characteristics, especially the instability against heat and shear treatment. Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) is a favoured method to improve starch durability during processing since it leaves no chemical residue. The HMT temperature, moisture content, and time applied could vary according to the starch’s original characteristics. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the use of 110°C HMT with three different moisture contents and durations for modifying jack bean starch properties and to obtain the best treatment resulting in the desired starch properties. This study was designed by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) for two factors, moisture contents (27%, 30%, 33%) and time (10h, 13h, 16h). The results suggested that HMT significantly decreases whiteness, and moisture content. At the same time, it increases water absorption, solubility, and swelling power. The starch’s properties changed significantly following the variation of moisture contents and HMT time. The treatment which resulted in the most thermostable starch obtained in this study was the HMT that applies 33% of moisture content for 10 hours (HMT 33%+10 h).
Significant role of Corporate to Reduce Farmers Poverty: A Lesson from Eastern Kalimantan, Indonesia

CSR implementation in Indonesia is regulated within the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 40 of 2007. Supported by these regulations, the implementation of CSR has the same goal as the agricultural development goal, namely to improve the welfare of the farmers. Among the sustainable development goals which will be collaborated with CSR is the poverty reduction within the agricultural sector. There are many studies on CSR disclosure within the company’s perspective, but an overview of the role of CSR implementation in agriculture in reducing farmer poverty remains limited. To find out the poverty level of farmers before and after receiving CSR assistance is part of the purpose of this study. In addition, this study also wants to prove whether CSR assistance has an impact on reducing the poverty level of farmers. This activity was carried out in East Kutai, East Kalimantan Province with 61 farmers spread over 4 villages which were selected purposively. Identification of poverty levels is based on the Central Bureau of Statistics criteria, index of headcount, index of poverty depth, and index of poverty severity. Meanwhile, to find out the impact of CSR assistance, it’s seen through the difference in poverty levels before and after receiving CSR assistance and is tested statistically. The results indicated that CSR assistance had a significant effect on reducing the poverty rate of farmers, from 16.4% to 5.8%. This finding showed that the implementation of CSR assistance is able to contribute positively in overcoming a very important problem in the agricultural sector, namely reducing farmer poverty.
The Appearance Of Mutations From Three Varieties Of Longan Used Gamma Rays

The need for fruit in Indonesia is increasing every year along with the increase in population. The increasing demand for longan fruit with good quality and small seeds (seedless), it is necessary to plant breeding. Longan plant improvement can be done by various methods, one of which is mutation method with gamma ray radiation. This study aims to determine the diversity of longan plant mutants and changes in the character of longan plants due to mutations of gamma ray radiation. In this study, three varieties were used, namely longan Itoh, Wusan, and Kateki with two doses of gamma irradiation, namely 50 and 60 gray (Gy). There are changes in plants, namely in the morphological character and the rate of photosynthesis. The percentage of vegetative propragation was 1%.
Statistical-Physical Models of Man-Made Radio Noise, Part I. First-Order Probability Models of the Instantaneous Amplitude

A general statistical-physical model of man-made radio noise processes appearing in the input stages of a typical receiver is described analytically. The first-order statistics of the se random processes are developed in detail for narrow-band reception. These include, principally, the first order probability densities and probability distributions for a) a purely impulsive (poisson) process, and b) an additive mixture of a gauss background noise and impulsive sources. Particular attention is given to the basic waveforms of the emissions. in the course of propagation. including such critical geometric and kinematic factors as the beam patterns of source and receiver, mutual location, Doppler, far-field conditions, and the physical density of the sources, which are assumed independent and poisson distributed in space over a domain A. Apart from specific analytic relations. the most important general result s are that these first-order distributions are analytically tractable and canonical. They are not so complex as to be unusable in communication theory applications; they incorporate in an explicit way the controlling physical parameters and mechanisms which determine the actual radiated and received processes; and finally, they are formally invariant of the particular source location and density, waveform emission, propagation mode, etc., as long as the received disturbance is narrow-band, at least as it is passed by the initial stages of the typical receiver. The desired first-order distributions are represented by an asymptotic development, with additional terms dependent on the fourth and higher moments of the basic interference waveform, which in turn progressively affect the behavior at the larger amplitudes. This first report constitutes an initial step in a program to provide workable analytical models of the general nongaussian channel ubiquitous in practical communications applications. Specifically treated here are the important classes of interference with bandwidths comparable to (or less than) the effective aperture-RF-IF bandwidth of the receiver, the common situation in the case of communication interference.
Processes: Maturity or Sensible Practice

Software Process Improvement efforts rely heavily on the use of software capability maturity models. These models are used to identify problems in an organization’s software processes and point to, and prioritize, necessary improvements. Using models for this purpose will, however, automatically turn our attention to certain problems and issues and ignore others. In this paper we argue that the maturity models provide only one perspective on software processes and software process problems. We demonstrate how we, by looking at the organizational context of and the conflicts and uncertainties facing software projects may uncover alternative interpretations of software practices, and identify other problems. The implications for SPI and for the use of maturity models are discussed.
ScholarWorks at WMU ScholarWorks at WMU

: A descriptive correlational design was used in this study to evaluate faculty perceptions of the usefulness and ease of interactive video technology integration in online nursing courses, in order to predict behavioral intention. This paper presents The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) related hypotheses in the study which all showed positive correlations that were statistically significant. Using innovative technology to deliver course content that relates to healthcare technology, and supports student learning, is critical to clinical technology competency acquisition and implementation of best-practice in academia.
Is There More than Milk? The Impact of Heifer International's Livestock Donation Program on Rural Livelihoods: What We Learned from a Field Experiment in Zambia

This study evaluates the impact of Heifer International’s livestock donation program in the Copperbelt Province in Zambia. Using a panel data of 300 households and 4 survey rounds, this analysis assesses the impact of dairy cow, meat goat, and draft cattle donation programs on poverty and food security measures. The impact on consumption expenditures and livestock revenue are estimated with a difference-in-difference method, and the impact on dairy/meat consumption frequency is estimated with a pooled poisson regression. A probit model is used to estimate the effects on subjective measures of poverty and food security. Results show that the impact of the program has increased significantly over time and animal recipients are relatively feeling better. By the fourth round, all animal recipients have seen a significant increase in consumption expenditure, livestock revenue, and frequency of dairy/meat consumption. However, no significant impact exists on household asset ownership and growth. Although all the animal recipients have increased milk consumption, meat consumption has gone up among the goat beneficiaries only. While all three animal species contribute to increase consumption expenditures among animal recipients, only the draft cattle and dairy cow programs help increase revenue from livestock products. Likewise, the meat goat and dairy cow programs have contributed to food security through improved dietary diversity.
eScholarship@UMassChan eScholarship@UMassChan

23 Over the last decade, single-particle electron cryo-microscopy has become one of the main 24 techniques contributing to the growing library of high-resolution structures of macromolecules 25 and their assemblies. For a full understanding of molecular mechanisms, however, it is important 26 to place them into the broader context of a cell. Traditionally, this context can be visualized in 27 3D by electron cryo-tomography, and more recently, has also been studied by template matching 28 of 2D images of cells and viruses. A current limitation of the latter approach is the high 29 computational cost that limits the throughput and widespread adoption of this method. We 30 describe here a GPU-accelerated implementation of 2D template matching in the image 31 processing software cis TEM that allows for easy scaling and improves the accessibility of this 32 approach. We apply 2D template matching to identify ribosomes in images of frozen-hydrated 33 Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells and demonstrate that it can function as a versatile tool for in situ 34 visual proteomics and in situ structure determination. We compare the results with 3D template 35 matching of tomograms acquired on identical sample locations. We identify strengths and 36 weaknesses of both techniques which offer complementary information about target localization 37 and identity. 38
An adaptive and rule based driving system for energy-e cient and safe driving behaviour

Saving energy and protecting the environment became fundamental for society and politics, why several laws were enacted to increase the energye ciency. Furthermore, the growing number of vehicles and drivers leaded to more accidents and fatalities on the roads, why road safety became an important factor as well. Due to the increasing importance of energye ciency and safety, car manufacturers started to optimise the vehicle in terms of energy-e ciency and safety. However, energy-e ciency and road safety can be also increased by adapting the driving behaviour to the given driving situation. This thesis presents a concept of an adaptive and rule based driving system that tries to educate the driver in energy-e cient and safe driving by showing recommendations on time. Unlike existing driving systems, the presented driving system considers energy-e ciency and safety relevant driving rules, the individual driving behaviour and the driver condition. This allows to avoid the distraction of the driver and to increase the acceptance of the driving system, while improving the driving behaviour in terms of energy-e ciency and safety. A prototype of the driving system was developed and evaluated. The evaluation was done on a driving simulator using 42 test drivers, who tested the e_ect of the driving system on the driving behaviour and the e_ect of the adaptiveness of the driving system on the user acceptance. It has been proven during the evaluation that the energy-e ciency and safety can be increased, when the driving system was used. Furthermore, it has been proven that the user acceptance of the driving system increases when the adaptive feature was turned on. A high user acceptance of the driving system allows a steady usage of the driving system and, thus, a steady improvement of the driving behaviour in terms of energy-e ciency and safety.
TECHNIQUE COMPARISON OF MALE AND FEMALE HAMMER THROWERS

Distinct anthropometric differences occur between the sexes throwing the hammer that affect technique. No literature statistically compares the differences between male and female hammer throwers. The aim of this study was to determine the hammer throwing technique differences occurring between genders. The performances of 16 male and female throwers at the 2003 World Athletic Final and 13 male and female throwers from the 2003 USA Track and Field Nationals were examined. The best throw of each athlete was digitized and analyzed using the Peak Motus 8.2 motion analysis system. Results revealed that athlete mass, athlete height, velocity at release, timing components, and centripetal force were different between sexes.