Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE MASSES OF GALAXIES IN THE LOCAL UNIVERSE

We compare estimates of stellar mass, M*, and dynamical mass, Md, for a sample of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Under the assumption of dynamical homology (i.e.,, where σ0 is the central velocity dispersion and Re is the effective radius), we find a tight but strongly nonlinear relation between the two mass estimates: the best-fit relation is , with an observed scatter of 0.15 dex. We also find that, at fixed M*, the ratio depends strongly on galaxy structure, as parameterized by the Sérsic index, n. The size of the differential effect is on the order of 0.6 dex across 2 < n < 10. The apparent n-dependence of is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to expectations from simple, spherical and isotropic dynamical models, indicating that assuming homology gives the wrong dynamical mass. To explore this possibility, we have also derived dynamical mass estimates that explicitly account for differences in galaxies’ structures. Using this “structure-corrected” dynamical mass estimator, Md,n, the best-fit relation is M* ∝ M0.92±0.01(±0.08)d,n with an observed scatter of 0.13 dex. While the data are thus consistent with a linear relation, they do prefer a slightly shallower slope. Further, we see only a small residual trend in M*/Md,n with n. We find no statistically significant systematic trends in M*/Md,n as a function of observed quantities (e.g., apparent magnitude, redshift), or as a function of tracers of stellar populations (e.g., Hα equivalent width, mean stellar age), nor do we find significantly different behavior for different kinds of galaxies (i.e.,central versus satellite galaxies, emission versus non-emission galaxies). At 99% confidence, the net differential bias in M*/Md,n across a wide range of stellar populations and star formation activities is ≲0.12 dex (≈40%). The very good agreement between stellar mass and structure-corrected dynamical mass strongly suggests, but does not unambiguously prove, that (1) galaxy non-homology has a major impact on dynamical mass estimates, and (2) there are no strong systematic biases in the stellar mass-to-light ratios derived from broadband optical spectral energy distributions. Further, accepting the validity of both our stellar and dynamical mass estimates, these results suggest that the central dark-to-luminous mass ratio has a relatively weak mass dependence, but a very small scatter at fixed mass.
Expressions of CD274 (PD-L1) and CD47 rReceptors on the sSurface of bBlast cCells in AML pPatients

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous clonal disease defined by the proliferation and accumulation of immature hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and blood. This study aimed to evaluate the CD47 and CD274 (PD-L1) expression in Iraqi AML patients and its role in the disease and evasion of malignant cells from immune system. The study was conducted on 85 patients diagnosed with leukemia, 25 of them were excluded as they had taken chemotherapy for less than a week and because the proportion of tumor cells was less than 20%. Virtually, it was conducted on 60 patients with AML and 20 healthy individuals as a control group. The expression of CD47 and CD274 (PD-L1) was evaluated using flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of AML samples only. Also MMP-2 level in serum was evaluated via ELISA in both AML and control samples. The expression of CD47 and CD274 in AML patients was found to be high. Analysis of CD274 (PDL1) expression in blast populations showed a significant increase in the proportion of CD274 (PD-L1) positive blast cells in isolated peripheral blood samples (66.3050 ± 1.94522). Also, the CD47 expression on blast cells in AML was recorded as significantly high (64.9333±2.05873). For MMP-2 (ng/ml) level in serum, the mean level non-significantly increased in AML as compared to the control group (102.677±8.719; 92.191±5.161) respectively.
FAINT SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES REVEALED BY MULTIFIELD DEEP ALMA OBSERVATIONS: NUMBER COUNTS, SPATIAL CLUSTERING, AND A DARK SUBMILLIMETER LINE EMITTER

We present the statistics of faint submillimeter/millimeter galaxies (SMGs) and serendipitous detections of a submillimeter/millimeter line emitter (SLE) with no multi-wavelength continuum counterpart revealed by the deep ALMA observations. We identify faint SMGs with flux densities of 0.1–1.0 mJy in the deep Band-6 and Band-7 maps of 10 independent fields that reduce cosmic variance effects. The differential number counts at 1.2 mm are found to increase with decreasing flux density down to 0.1 mJy. Our number counts indicate that the faint (0.1–1.0 mJy, or SFRIR ∼ 30–300 M☉ yr−1) SMGs contribute nearly a half of the extragalactic background light (EBL), while the remaining half of the EBL is mostly contributed by very faint sources with flux densities of <0.1 mJy (SFRIR ≲ 30 M☉ yr−1). We conduct counts-in-cells analysis with multifield ALMA data for the faint SMGs, and obtain a coarse estimate of galaxy bias, bg < 4. The galaxy bias suggests that the dark halo masses of the faint SMGs are ≲ 7 × 1012 M☉, which is smaller than those of bright (>1 mJy) SMGs, but consistent with abundant high-z star-forming populations, such as sBzKs, LBGs, and LAEs. Finally, we report the serendipitous detection of SLE-1, which has no continuum counterparts in our 1.2 mm-band or multi-wavelength images, including ultra deep HST/WFC3 and Spitzer data. The SLE has a significant line at 249.9 GHz with a signal-to-noise ratio of 7.1. If the SLE is not a spurious source made by the unknown systematic noise of ALMA, the strong upper limits of our multi-wavelength data suggest that the SLE would be a faint galaxy at z ≳ 6.
Flowering and Fruiting in the Southwestern United States

Fifty-six jujube cultivars were observed for their ﬂowering habits and fruiting characteristics at Alcalde, New Mexico. Jujube cultivars were classiﬁed as morning blooming type or afternoon blooming type. Among the 56 cultivars observed, 24 belonged to the morning type and 32 belonged to the afternoon type. Eighteen out of the 56 cultivars had their blooming type reported for the ﬁrst time. The sepal splitting for morning type occurred from sunrise to 1000 HR , whereas it occurred between 1300 and 1600 HR for the afternoon type. Even though their opening time differed, pollen release happened during daytime for both—morning type released pollen in the afternoon and afternoon type released pollen in the late afternoon and the next morning. Rainy and cloudy weather delayed blooming for several hours. Each ﬂower experienced the following stages during blooming: sepal splitting, sepal ﬂat, petal standing, petal and anther separation, petal ﬂat and anther standing, anther ﬂat, and stigma browning; the time and duration of each stage varied with cultivar and blooming type. Flower size varied by cultivar and helps with cultivar identiﬁcation. Cultivars Li, Li-2, Redland, Qiyuexian, Xiangzao, Teapot, and Daguazao were self-pollinating/self-fruitful in New Mexico. For open pollination, fruit set varied greatly by cultivar. ‘Abbeville’ had the best fruit set each year. Most cultivars had better fruit set from open pollination than self- pollination; however, self-fruitful cultivars Li, Li-2, and Redland had better fruit set with self-pollination than open pollination in some years. Open pollination increased fruit size for all cultivars.
Comparative evaluation of incorporation calcium silicate and calcium phosphate nanoparticles on biomimetic dentin remineralization and bioactivity in an etch-and-rinse adhesive system

Background This study aimed to evaluate the remineralization potential and bioactivity of adhesives, containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and calcium silicate (CS) nanoparticles (NPs). Material and Methods In this study, dentin slices (n=60) were prepared and etched with phosphoric acid. Next, they were divided into two groups: pre- and post-immersion in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for three weeks. The two groups were also divided into five subgroups (n=6 per subgroup), including the control (0 wt.% NPs); adhesives containing 1 wt. % and 2.5 wt. % (CS) nanoparticles; and adhesives containing 1 wt. % and 2.5 wt. % ACP nanoparticles. The remineralization potential and bioactivity of the adhesives were evaluated. The shear bond strength of the samples (n=18) was also assessed using a universal testing machine. Results The present results revealed that the adhesive containing ACP and CS nanoparticles showed bioactivity and remineralization potential without any reduction in the bond strength. Conclusions The outcomes revealed that Cs and ACP nanoparticles induced mineralization in the dentin and incorporation of these nanoparticles to dentin bonding agents could improve the bio-functionalization of dentin bond. Key words:Calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, tooth remineralization.
Erratum: Updating quasar bolometric luminosity corrections

Bolometric corrections are used in quasar studies to quantify total energy output based on a measurement of a monochromatic luminosity. First, we enumerate and discuss the practical difficulties of determining such corrections, then we present bolometric luminosities between 1 μm and 8 keV rest frame and corrections derived from the detailed spectral energy distributions of 63 bright quasars of low to moderate redshift (z = 0.03–1.4). Exploring several mathematical fittings, we provide practical bolometric corrections of the forms Liso = ζλ Lλ and log (Liso) = A + Blog (λLλ )f orλ = 1450, 3000 and 5100 A, where Liso is the bolometric luminosity calculated under the assumption of isotropy. The significant scatter in the 5100 A bolometric correction can be reduced by adding a first-order correction using the optical slope, αλ,opt. We recommend an adjustment to the bolometric correction to account for viewing angle and the anisotropic emission expected from accretion discs. For optical/UV monochromatic luminosities, radio-loud and radio-quiet bolometric corrections are consistent within 95 per cent confidence intervals, so we do not make separate radio-loud and radio-quiet corrections. In addition, we provide several bolometric corrections to the 2–10 keV X-ray luminosity, which are shown to have very large scatter. Separate radio-loud and radio-quiet corrections are warranted by the X-ray data.
Relativistic heat conduction: the kinetic theory approach and comparison with Marle’s model

In order to close the set of relativistic hydrodynamic equations, constitutive relations for the dissipative fluxes are required. In this work we outline the calculation of the corresponding closure for the heat flux in terms of the gradients of the independent scalar state variables: number density and temperature. The results are compared with the ones obtained using Marle’s approximation in which a relativistic correction factor is included for the relaxation time parameter. It is shown how including such correction this BGK‐like model yields good results in the relativistic case and not only in the non‐relativistic limit as was previously found by other authors.
Multiplicative Up-Drift

Drift analysis aims at translating the expected progress of an evolutionary algorithm (or more generally, a random process) into a probabilistic guarantee on its run time (hitting time). So far, drift arguments have been successfully employed in the rigorous analysis of evolutionary algorithms, however, only for the situation that the progress is constant or becomes weaker when approaching the target. Motivated by questions like how fast fit individuals take over a population, we analyze random processes exhibiting a (1+δ)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(1+\delta )$$\end{document}-multiplicative growth in expectation. We prove a drift theorem translating this expected progress into a hitting time. This drift theorem gives a simple and insightful proof of the level-based theorem first proposed by Lehre (2011). Our version of this theorem has, for the first time, the best-possible near-linear dependence on 1/δ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1/\delta$$\end{document} (the previous results had an at least near-quadratic dependence), and it only requires a population size near-linear in δ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\delta$$\end{document} (this was super-quadratic in previous results). These improvements immediately lead to stronger run time guarantees for a number of applications. We also discuss the case of large δ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\delta$$\end{document} and show stronger results for this setting.
Three-dimensional (3D) Visualization Educational Modeling for Ophthalmology Residents’ Training: Viewpoints

Background: Three-dimensional models are used to guide residents and physicians in accessing specific anatomical areas and types of fractures and better diagnosis of anomalies. These models are useful for illuminating complex anatomical areas, such as orbit, especially limited space with sensitive access. The aim of this study was to design a three-dimensional visualization educational modeling for ophthalmology residents’ training. Methods: This study is a product-oriented application that uses radiological images of anatomy, anomalies, and orbital fractures based on actual CT scans of patients. These CT scans were carefully selected from the Picture Archiving and Communication System of Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Results: To produce twelve 3D models, the CT scan files were converted to 3D printer output. Then, the models were presented to residents at a training session by an ophthalmologist. These models created all major fractures associated with the orbit area and most disorders, anomalies of this area and several normal anatomical. The features of 3D models were mentioned. The strengths and weaknesses of the educational modeling, the level of satisfaction with the use of three-dimensional models, suggestions and criticisms were assessed qualitatively by the residents. Satisfaction was reported 100% by residents. Suggestions for future 3D models were presented, and the only criticism was fear of exams and grades. Conclusion: Real-size 3D modeling help to understand the spatial and mental imagery of anatomy and orbital pathology and to touch different anatomical areas creates a clear image in the minds of residents, especially in the orbit.
Kinematical evolution of tidally limited star clusters: the role of retrograde stellar orbits

The presence of an external tidal field often induces significant dynamical evolutionary effects on the internal kinematics of star clusters. Previous studies investigating the restricted three-body problem with applications to star cluster dynamics have shown that unbound stars on retrograde orbits (with respect to the direction of the cluster's orbit) are more stable against escape than prograde orbits, and predicted that a star cluster might acquire retrograde rotation through preferential escape of stars on prograde orbits. In this study we present evidence of this prediction, but we also illustrate that there are additional effects that cannot be accounted for by the preferential escape of prograde orbits alone. Specifically, in the early evolution, initially underfilling models increase their fraction of retrograde stars without losing significant mass, and acquire a retrograde angular velocity. We attribute this effect to the development of preferentially eccentric/radial orbits in the outer regions of star clusters as they are expanding into their tidal limitation. We explore the implications of the evolution of the fraction of prograde and retrograde stars for the evolution of the cluster internal rotation, and its dependence on the initial structural properties. Although all the systems studied here evolve towards an approximately solid-body internal rotation with angular velocity equal to about half of the angular velocity of the cluster orbital motion around the host galaxy, the evolutionary history of the radial profile of the cluster internal angular velocity depends on the cluster initial structure.
Measurable patterns, necklaces and sets indiscernible by measure

In some recent papers the classical `splitting necklace theorem' is linked in an interesting way with a geometric `pattern avoidance problem', see Alon et al. (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 2009), Grytczuk and Lubawski (arXiv:1209.1809 [math.CO]), and Laso\'{n} (arXiv:1304.5390v1 [math.CO]). Following these authors we explore the topological constraints on the existence of a (relaxed) measurable coloring of $\mathbb{R}^d$ such that any two distinct, non-degenerate cubes (parallelepipeds) are measure discernible. For example, motivated by a conjecture of Laso\'{n}, we show that for every collection $\mu_1,\ldots,\mu_{2d-1}$ of $2d-1$ continuous, signed locally finite measures on $\mathbb{R}^d$, there exist two nontrivial axis-aligned $d$-dimensional cuboids (rectangular parallelepipeds) $C_1$ and $C_2$ such that $\mu_i(C_1)=\mu_i(C_2)$ for each $i\in\{1,\ldots,2d-1\}$. We also show by examples that the bound $2d-1$ cannot be improved in general. These results are steps in the direction of studying general topological obstructions for the existence of non-repetitive colorings of measurable spaces.
The role of Cohesion Policy for sustaining the resilience of European regional labour markets during different crises

ABSTRACT Whilst the analysis of the impact of Cohesion Policy funds is well documented, little is known about the short-term consequences of Cohesion Policy during economic crises and its implications for regional resilience. To study these issues, we assemble novel, panel time-series data on Cohesion Policy covering almost four programming periods and different shocks in the European Union. Using heterogeneous coefficients panel models, we find a general positive impact of Cohesion Policy on regional resilience, although with region- and crisis-specific patterns during different shocks. Our results also suggest the presence of regional variation regarding regional labour market resilience over the past three decades.
Potential of Health Insurance Claims Data to Predict Fractures in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study

Purpose In older adults, fractures are associated with mortality, disability, loss of independence and high costs. Knowledge on their predictors can help to identify persons at high risk who may benefit from measures to prevent fractures. We aimed to assess the potential of German claims data to predict fractures in older adults. Patients and Methods Using the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (short GePaRD; claims data from ~20% of the German population), we included persons aged ≥65 years with at least one year of continuous insurance coverage and no fractures prior to January 1, 2017 (baseline). We randomly divided the study population into a training (80%) and a test sample (20%) and used logistic regression and random forest models to predict the risk of fractures within one year after baseline based on different combinations of potential predictors. Results Among 2,997,872 persons (56% female), the incidence per 10,000 person years of any fracture in women increased from 133 in age group 65–74 years (men: 71) to 583 in age group 85+ (men: 332). The maximum predictive performance as measured by the area under the curve (AUC) across models was 0.63 in men and 0.60 in women and was achieved by combining information on drugs and morbidities. AUCs were lowest in age group 85+. Conclusion Our study showed that the performance of models using German claims data to predict the risk of fractures in older adults is moderate. Given that the models used data readily available to health insurance providers in Germany, it may still be worthwhile to explore the cost–benefit ratio of interventions aiming to reduce the risk of fractures based on such prediction models in certain risk groups.
Clinical Performance of Rapid Antigen Tests for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Emergency Department and Community: A Retrospective Study

Background Rapid antigen tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection have been authorized for emergency use (EUA); however, the performance has not been fully evaluated in clinical contexts. This study aimed to provide evidence regarding the diagnostic performance of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests compared with the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test in the emergency department (ED) and community. Methods Patients who underwent SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests using the VTRUST COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test (TD-4531) and real-time RT-PCR on the same day in the ED or community from May 24, 2021, to June 24, 2021, were examined. Results Paired nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 4022 suspected COVID-19 patients: 800 in the ED and 3222 in the community. Overall, 62 (1.54%) tested positive, 13 tested indeterminate, and 3947 tested negative by real-time RT-PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of the antigen test were 51.61% and 99.44% (overall), 62.50% and 99.61% (ED), and 31.82% and 99.40% (community), respectively. There were 30 false negatives and 22 false positives. Among the false negatives, 16.67% had a cycle threshold (Ct) value of <25. Conclusion The VTRUST COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test showed comparable specificity as real-time RT-PCR for the ED and community, but the sensitivity was relatively low, especially when the Ct value was >25. This test can be useful for the rapid identification of infected subjects in an epidemic situation.
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN MOLECULAR CLOUD CORE DC 000.4−19.5 (SL42) IN CORONA AUSTRALIS

Chemical reactions in starless molecular clouds are heavily dependent on interactions between gas phase material and solid phase dust and ices. We have observed the abundance and distribution of molecular gases in the cold, starless core DC 000.4−19.5 (SL42) in Corona Australis using data from the Swedish ESO Submillimeter Telescope. We present column density maps determined from measurements of C18O (J = 2–1, 1–0) and N2H+ (J = 1–0) emission features. Herschel data of the same region allow a direct comparison to the dust component of the cloud core and provide evidence for gas phase depletion of CO at the highest extinctions. The dust color temperature in the core calculated from Herschel maps ranges from roughly 10.7 to 14.0 K. This range agrees with the previous determinations from Infrared Space Observatory and Planck observations. The column density profile of the core can be fitted with a Plummer-like density distribution approaching n(r) ∼ r−2 at large distances. The core structure deviates clearly from a critical Bonnor–Ebert sphere. Instead, the core appears to be gravitationally bound and to lack thermal and turbulent support against the pressure of the surrounding low-density material: it may therefore be in the process of slow contraction. We test two chemical models and find that a steady-state depletion model agrees with the observed C18O column density profile and the observed N(C18O) versus AV relationship.