Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circadian Activity Pattern with Two Peaks

The 24—hr rhythms of behavior and other physiological functions are based upon an endogenous self—sustained oscillation. This is proven by experiments in which animals, kept in constant conditions, show a freerunning circadian period which deviates to a certain degree from that of the earth's rotation. The 24—hr rhythms of activity are furthermore characterized by typical patterns of which the one with two peaks in one period is most common. Under natural conditions, these two peaks of activity are often closely related to specific stimuli in the environment; e.g. to dawn and dusk. They have therefore been described as being directly caused by the environment. However, one may consider not only the circadian period but also the pattern part of an endogenous system. This hypothesis has been tested in experiments with finches. The results are: 1) Birds kept in artificial light—dark cycles show the same two—peak pattern either in cycles with interposed twilight or in cycles with rectangular changes between light and dark, 2) Under constant conditions, the second peak may disappear; but more often, it either remains or becomes more pronounced tan under conditions of a light—dark cycle. 3) With different levels of constant intensity of illumination, the birds show different circadian periods and different durations of activity; under those conditions, the two peaks keep the same proportional relationship to the activity time regardless of its duration. It is concluded that the basic two—peak pattern of locomotor activity is a persistent property of the circadian oscillating system.
Awareness, Reporting, and Branding: Exploring Influences on Brazilian Journalists’ Social Media Use across Platforms

ABSTRACT This study examines the individual and organizational level factors shaping Brazilian journalists’ use of social media. Results from a survey of 774 reporters show that individual factors influence awareness and reporting uses, while organizational factors are associated with branding. Results suggest no difference between groups of journalists, when it comes to incorporating social media for reporting; but online reporters engage in branding and use social media as an awareness system more than their counterparts. Findings also reveal that journalists have not fully embraced the participatory potential of social media, as only trust in information posted by other journalists relates to adoption.
Calcium channel blocking activities of Withania coagulans

The effects of crude methanolic extract of Withania coagulans (Wc.cr) were studied for possible calcium channel blocking activities in rabbit’s jejunum preparations at different doses. Potassium chloride (KCl) induced contractions were also inhibited by the Wc.cr extract suggesting calcium channel blocking activity. Calcium channel blocking activity was confirmed by the right shift in the dose response curves of the tissues in calcium free tyrode’s solution. The dose response curves of the Wc.cr resemble the curves produced by verapamil, a standard calcium channel blocker. The results confirm the presence of calcium channel blocker(s) in the extract and the plant species could be a potential target for activity-guided isolation of the active moieties.
Natural and Instrumental Insemination of Apis Cerana Indica in India

SummaryThe investigation was conducted on the India plains variety of A.c. indica. The queens flew between 13·30 h and 15·30 h, and mating occurred between 14·00 h and 15–00 h. The mean duration of a successful mating flight was 27 minutes, and a queen mated with an average of 10 drones on one flight. The mating sign is formed of a twisted and compressed thread of solidified mucus, surrounded by sticky orange membranes. After one mating flight a well mated queen had 1·5–3·0 mm3 (average 1·9 mm3) semen in the oviducts, and a young laying queen had a mean 1·3 million spermatozoa in the spermatheca.Queens instrumentally inseminated twice with a total of 6 mm3 semen had on average 1·4 million spermatozoa in the spermatheca. Queens inseminated twice with a total of 4–6 mm3 laid only fertilized eggs for one year; observation of such queens for a longer period is desirable.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Induces DNA Replication in Hepatic Cells through Nuclear Factor {{kappa}}B Activation

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling through TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) with downstream participation of nuclear factor kB (NFkB), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) is required for initiation of liver regeneration. It is not known whether the proliferative effect of TNF on hepatocytes is direct or requires the participation of Kupffer cells, the liver resident macrophages. Moreover, it has not been determined whether NFkB activation is an essential step in TNF-induced proliferation. To answer these questions, we conducted studies in LE6 cells, a rat liver epithelial cell line with hepatocyte progenitor capacity. We report that TNF induces DNA replication in growth-arrested LE6 cells and that its effect involves the activation of NFkB and STAT3 and an increase in c-myc and IL-6 mRNAs. All of these effects, which mimic the events that initiate liver regeneration in vivo, are blocked if NFkB activation is inhibited by expression of a dominant-inhibitor IkBa mutant (DN-IkBa). Although NFkB blockage by DN-IkBa causes caspase activation and massive death of cells stimulated by TNF, inhibition of NFkB and STAT3 binding by the serine protease inhibitor N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone results in G0-G1 cell cycle arrest without death. We conclude that NFkB is an essential component of the TNF proliferative pathway and that TNF-induced changes in IL-6 mRNA, STAT3, and c-myc mRNA are dependent on NFkB activation. Blockage of NFkB inhibits TNF-induced proliferation but does not necessarily cause cell death.
Varieties of agencies during working life changes

The aim of this study is to shed light on the varieties of workers´ agencies in working life change situations, which is an under-researched topic in the literature of workplace learning and in working life studies. The research questions are what kinds of agencies there are to be found when workers encounter changes and how the different kinds of agencies are connected together. The understanding of agency is grounded on the subject-centered socio-cultural approach, whereas the methodological approach is based on applying life-course perspective on research material consisting of 48 working life narratives written by Finnish adults. The narratives are analyzed by abductive content analysis. The results reveal the dynamical and periodical processes between the different kinds of agencies during one´s working life narrative. The different forms of agency overlap and rotate. Suffering can be seen as a dynamic concept mediating transformative agencies, small agency and resistance.
Freezing tolerance of wheat cultivars at the early growing season after winter

Cold stress is a worldwide abiotic stress in temperate regions that affects plant development and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and other winter crops. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of freezing stress at the early growing season on survival and also the relationship between resistances to freezing stress at this stage with drought resistance after postanthesis in eight Iranian bread wheat cultivars. An experiment was laid out in a splitplot arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Under control treatment among all cultivars, Marvdasht and Chamran cultivars had the lowest grain yield and biomass; except these two cultivars there were no significant differences between others. Postanthesis water stress caused more reduction in grain yield of Zarin, Phishgam and Marvdasht and biomass of Phishgam and Parsi cultivars, respectively. The lowest and highest LT50 temperatures of crowns at the early growing season were seen in Marvdasht (- 4°C) and Pishtaz (-1.13°C) cultivars, respectively. Correlation coefficients of soluble and insoluble sugars concentration between crown survivals under freezing stress were, respectively positive and negative. Grain yield under postanthesis water stress had the highest correlation coefficient (R=-86.2%) with crown survival under freezing stress at the early growing season. Therefore, postanthesis water stress-sensitive cultivars were more resistant to freezing stress at the beginning of growing season after the cold of winter.
Opinion: In the wake of COVID-19, academia needs new solutions to ensure gender equity

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has upended almost every facet of academia (1). Almost overnight the system faced a sudden transition to remote teaching and learning, changes in grading systems, and the loss of access to research resources. Additionally, shifts in household labor, childcare, eldercare, and physical confinement have increased students’ and faculty’s mental health needs and reduced the time available to perform academic work. A pandemic naturally highlights privileges, such as financial security and access to mental health care. It also amplifies the mental, physical, social, and economic impacts attributable to preexisting inequities in academia. Making matters worse, in times of stress, such as pandemics, biased decision-making processes are favored (2), which threaten to deprioritize equity initiatives. Many women academics will likely bear a greater burden during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Academia needs to enact solutions to retain and promote women faculty who already face disparities regarding merit, tenure, and promotion. Image credit: Dave Cutler (artist). All this means that even among those with privileged positions, including many academics, women will likely bear a greater burden of this pandemic. The burden will be even heavier for women who face intersecting systems of oppression, such as ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, gender, age, economic class, dependent status, and/or ability. Thus, academia will need to enact solutions to retain and promote women faculty who already face disparities regarding merit, tenure, and promotion (3). Here, we examine ways in which COVID-19 is amplifying known barriers to women’s career advancement. We propose actionable solutions, which include the formation of a Pandemic Response Faculty Fellow or Pandemic Faculty Merit Committee (PFMC), new/revised tenure and promotion metrics created by the aforementioned committee, and a framework to ensure that the new metrics and policies are adopted college-wide. We also caution against the popular … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: jlmalisch{at}smcm.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Patterns of Genetic Variation in in and ex situ Populations of the Threatened Chilean VineBerberidopsis corallina , Detected Using RAPD Markers

Berberidopsis corallina Hook. f. (Berberidopsidaceae) is a threatened vine, endemic to the temperate rainforests of southern Chile. A RAPD analysis was carried out to assess the extent of genetic variation in remaining wild populations and in British cultivated plants, to assess the value of the latter for ex situ conservation. A total of 90 individuals (54 wild, 35 cultivated) were analysed, and a total of 54 polymorphic bands produced. A pairwise distance measure calculated from the RAPD data was used as input for principal coordinate analysis (PCO) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). AMOVA indicated that an exceptionally high proportion of total genetic variation (54.8%) was recorded among populations; pairwise ΦSTcomparisons showed that all the populations examined were significantly (P < 0.002) different. PCO analysis highlighted clear differentiation between wild populations from the north and south of the natural range, further supported by a UPGMA dendrogram based on RAPD distances. Analysis of the extent of genetic variation within ex situ populations indicated that the variation within plants cultivated within Britain is comparable to that recorded in small natural populations; however, cluster and UPGMA analyses suggested that only populations from the northern part of the natural range of the species are represented in cultivation. These results are interpreted in the context of the recent biogeographical history of the area, and their implications for the development of in situ and ex situ conservation strategies for B. corallina are discussed.
Influence of sestonic elemental and essential fatty acid contents in a eutrophic reservoir in Siberia on population growth of Daphnia (longispina group)

Dependence of specific integral population growth rate, or specific production rate of populations with random size and age structure on elemental and essential fatty acid composition of natural seston was studied in a laboratory flow-through system using a multiple regression. Under a comparatively high content of particulate phosphorus the best single predictor of the growth appeared to be content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω3), as it was found earlier for somatic growth of even-aged populations of Daphnia. Regression equation with two independent variables, EPA and particulate nitrogen, gave a significantly better fit for the population growth as the dependent variable, than the equation with EPA as the single independent variable. Interestingly, there were no significant correlation between N as the single variable and the growth. The essential ω3 fatty acid and nitrogen appeared to be complementary indicators of the food quality, which probably limited different constituents (reproductive and somatic) of the integral population growth under the high content of particulate phosphorus.
Genetic Diversity of Turkish Olive Varieties Assessed by Simple Sequence Repeat and Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism Markers

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most impor- tant and characteristic fruit crops of the Medi- terranean region. This crop has been grown in Turkey for more than 3000 yr and many varieties are currently grown in fi ve geographic regions. In this study, the genetic diversity of 66 olive vari- eties from these regions was assessed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence- related amplifi ed polymorphism (SRAP) mark- ers. The 13 SSR markers yielded 89 alleles with an average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.29 and 6.8 alleles per marker while the 13 SRAP primer combinations generated 103 polymorphic alleles with an average PIC of 0.24 and 7.9 alleles per combination. Although SSR markers revealed higher levels of polymorphism than SRAP markers, both systems revealed con- siderable molecular genetic diversity in Turkish olive varieties. For both marker types, clustering analysis using the Dice similarity coeffi cient and the unweighted pair group method with arith- metic means (UPGMA) produced dendrograms with similar clustering and some region-specifi c grouping of varieties. Overall, Southeast Ana- tolian and Marmara varieties were found to be more genetically different than those from the other regions (Aegean, Mediterranean, and Black Sea) and homonymous varieties were identifi ed: three pairs of varieties ('Egriburun', 'Celebi', and 'Tasarasi') had the same names but were geneti- cally distinct.
Differences in personality and the sharing of managerial tacit knowledge: an empirical analysis of public sector managers in Malaysia

Purpose – This study aims to identify differences in knowledge-sharing mechanisms and personality among expert, typical and novice managers within the Malaysian public sector. Strengthening knowledge sharing function is essential for enabling public institutions around the world to be more productive. Design/methodology/approach – This quantitative study involves 308 employees from management and professional groups within 98 local authorities in the Malaysian local government. Stratified random sampling techniques were used and the sampling frame comprised 1,000 staff using postal surveys. Data analyses were carried out using analysis of variance and correlations to test the research hypotheses. Findings – The findings reveal that expert managers are more proactive in sharing their knowledge, particularly those with the personality traits of conscientiousness and openness. These two personality traits were also related to expert behaviours such as thoroughness, responsibility and persistence, which led to work competency and managerial success. Originality/value – This study provides theoretical insights into how managerial tacit knowledge differs and can accumulate, depending on the personality traits of middle managers. The paper shows the different mechanisms of knowledge sharing, tacit knowledge and personality among expert, typical and novice managers. Practically, this study is important for guiding senior managers in their attempts to identify the most appropriate personalities of their middle managers. This study found that the expert group was higher in conscientiousness, openness and overall personality traits compared with the typical and novice groups. The paper also highlights the value of sharing managerial tacit knowledge effectively.
The COVID-19 Pandemic through the Lens of Education in the Philippines: The New Normal

The present COVID-19 pandemic has brought extraordinary challenges and has affected the educational sectors, and no one knows when it will end. Every country is presently implementing plans and procedures on how to contain the virus, and the infections are still continually rising. In the educational context, to sustain and provide quality education despite lockdown and community quarantine, the new normal should be taken into consideration in the planning and implementation of the “new normal educational policy”. This article presents opportunities for responding issues, problems and trends that are currently arising and will arise in the future due to COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of education in the Philippines - the new educational norm.
C-reactive protein and cardiovascular disease: From animal studies to the clinic (Review)

C-reactive protein (CRP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have long been important research topics. CRP is an acute phase protein, while CVD is an inflammatory condition. The association between CRP and CVD remains controversial and has been attracting increasing attention. Traditionally, the main marker of CVD is considered to be low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, due to its unique characteristics, CRP may represent a novel marker or a new therapeutic target for CVD. Clinical studies have demonstrated that CRP is a predictor of CVD, but whether it is directly involved in the development and progression of CVD has yet to be fully elucidated. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that lowering plasma CRP levels may reduce the incidence of CVD. The aim of the present review was to investigate the association between CRP and CVD, particularly atherosclerosis, from laboratory animal studies to clinical research.
Effect of different catalysts on the oxyalkylation of eucalyptus Lignoboost® kraft lignin

Abstract Lignin obtained by Lignoboost® procedure from black liquor after kraft pulping of Eucalyptus globulus wood was characterized and converted into liquid polyols via an innovative and safe procedure using base catalyzed oxyalkylation with propylene carbonate (PC). The effect of four catalysts, Potassium carbonate (K2CO3), 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4. 0] undec-7-ene (DBU), dicyanodiamide (DICY), and 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2. 2] octane (DABCO) was evaluated in terms of lignin polyol yield and weight gain. The ensuing polyols were also characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to determine the degree of the substitution (DS), degree of polymerization (DP), and the molecular weight, respectively. Only a minor proportion of PC (ca. 3–15%) was converted to propylene glycol/homooligomers as revealed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All catalysts promoted preferential derivatization of lignin phenolic OH groups by oxypropyl moieties. The maximum average DP of propylene oxide chains in oxyalkylated Lignoboost® kraft lignin (oKL) was 1.85 per one phenylpropane unit (PPU) using DBU. Conversely, the DP of oKL using DICY was very low (0.27/PPU). DICY’s catalytic activity seems to be jeopardized due to the formation of unreactive adducts with lignin. The oKL obtained using DBU, DABCO, and K2CO3 have potential to be used as polyols in the production of polyurethanes as the corresponding hydroxyl number (IOH) is in the range of 198–410 mg KOH g−1.
The effect of plant growth regulators, cultivars and substrate combination on production of virus free potato minitubers

Nowadays large amounts of potato seed in the world is produced by in vitro virus free minitubers. Therefore, evaluation of commercial varieties in production of virus free potato minitubers is critical. In this study virus free plantlets of 4 potato cultivars of Agria, Marfona, Sante and Burren were achieved with meristem culture method. The meristem-derived plantlets which had optimum growth were transferred to the MS-medium without any growth regulators to stimulate the same vigor of the plantlets. Then DAS-ELISA test was conducted and the effects of different level of2 growth regulators either singly or in combination were evaluated on single node culture of potato. In all cultivars the best and most economical medium for single node culture was MS medium without growth regulators. Afterwards virus free plantlets were selected and transferred to the green house. The effects of substrate combination including 4 planting bed in minituber production were evaluated, after 90 days, numbers and diameters of minitubers for each cultivar were counted and recorded. Marfona had the greatest number of minitubers and Agria had the lowest. There are no any significant differences in minituber diameter between the cultivars. A mixture of peat moss and sand in the ratio of 1:1 was proved to be the best for minituber production.
VARIACIONES DENTARIAS EN TUPINAMBIS MERIANAE (SQUAMATA: TEIIDAE)

A B S T R A C T. — In this paper, the different morphological types of teeth showed by a sample of 26 specimens of Tupinambis merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) are described. Unicuspid, bicuspid and blunt teeth are recognized in both the maxilla and dentary. Among these tooth types, different subtypes are recognized. They vary in size and built of the teeth, the curvature, the definition of the cusps, and the magnitude of labiolingual compression. Rarely pentacuspid teeth are observed. Small specimens possess few anterior unicuspid and bicuspid teeth, whereas the majority of the tooth row consists of tricuspid teeth developed anteriorly to the foramen entering the alveolar canal. In larger specimens the relative number of unicuspid and bicuspid teeth increases, reaching posteriorly to the level of the foramen entering the alveolar canal. The posterior bicuspid and tricuspid teeth show a tendency to molarization. All posterior teeth are blunt molariform in specimens near the maximum size. The tendency to molarization of the posterior teeth has also been observed, in different degrees, in T. duseni, T. rufescens and T. teguixin, suggesting close phylogenetic relationships.