Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A high mass progenitor for the Type Ic Supernova 2007gr inferred from its environment

We present an analysis of late-time Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) and Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) observations of the site of the Type Ic supernova (SN) 2007gr in NGC 1058. The SN is barely recovered in the late-time WFPC2 observations, while a possible detection in the later WFC3 data is debatable. These observations were used to conduct a multiwavelength study of the surrounding stellar population. We fit spatial profiles to a nearby bright source that was previously proposed to be a host cluster. We find that, rather than being an extended cluster, it is consistent with a single point-like object. Fitting stellar models to the observed spectral energy distribution of this source, we conclude it is A1-A3 Yellow Supergiant, possibly corresponding to a star with MZAMS = 40 M⊙. SN 2007gr is situated in a massive star association, with diameter of ≈300 pc. We present a Bayesian scheme to determine the properties of the surrounding massive star population, in conjunction with the Padova isochrones. We find that the stellar population, as observed in either the WFC3 and WFPC2 observations, can be well fit by two age distributions with mean ages: ∼6.3 Myr and ∼50 Myr. The stellar population is clearly dominated by the younger age solution (by factors of 3.5 and 5.7 from the WFPC2 and WFC3 observations, respectively), which corresponds to the lifetime of a star with MZAMS ∼ 30 M⊙. This is strong evidence in favour of the hypothesis that SN 2007gr arose from a massive progenitor star, possibly capable of becoming a Wolf–Rayet star.
What Drives Belief in COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories? Examining the Role of Uncertainty, Negative Emotions, and Perceived Relevance and Threat

ABSTRACT As conspiracy theories around COVID-19 pose a big global challenge to public health and well-being, this study seeks to identify how and when people are likely to activate conspiratorial thinking and believe in conspiracy theories about the coronavirus. Based on a U.S. national two-wave survey (W1: N = 1,119; W2: N = 543), this study found partial support for direct effects of uncertainty on conspiratorial thinking and support for indirect effects through threat perception. We also found some evidence of direct effects of uncertainty on conspiracy beliefs and indirect effects through threat perception and serially mediated through threat perception and negative emotions. Findings suggest that effects – either direct or indirect – of uncertainty on conspiratorial thinking/conspiracy beliefs are moderated by perceived relevance to COVID-19, personal experience of the disease, and social media use. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
In vitro and in silico β-lactamase inhibitory properties and phytochemical profile of Ocimum basilicum cultivated in central delta of Egypt

Abstract Context Some studies reported the chemical content and antimicrobial properties of Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae), relevant to the ecological variations in some areas of Egypt and other countries, yet no research was conducted on the plant cultivated in the central delta region of Egypt. Also, no previous data reported on inhibition of β-lactamases by O. basilicum. Objective To assess β-lactamases inhibition by O. basilicum extracts and the individual constituents. Materials and methods Dried aerial parts of O. basilicum were extracted by hydrodistillation for preparation of essential oil and by methanol for non-volatile constituents. Essential oil content and the methanol extract were analysed by GC–MS and UPLC-PDA-MS/MS, respectively. Methyl cinnamate was isolated and analysed by NMR. Broth microdilution method was used to investigate the antimicrobial against resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli identified by double disc synergy, combination disc tests and PCR. The most active oil content was further tested with a nitrocefin kit for β-lactamase inhibition and investigated by docking. Results O. basilicum was found to contain methyl cinnamate as the major content of the essential oil. More interestingly, methyl cinnamate inhibited ESBL β-lactamases of the type CTX-M. The in vitro IC50 using nitrocefin kit was 11.6 µg/mL vs. 8.1 µg/mL for clavulanic acid as a standard β-lactamase inhibitor. Discussion and conclusions This is the first study to report the inhibitory activity of O. basilicum oil and methyl cinnamate against β-lactamase-producing bacteria. The results indicate that methyl cinnamate could be a potential alternative for β-lactamase inhibition.
Community-based wound management in a rural setting of Côte d’Ivoire

Background Wounds are a neglected health problem in rural communities of low-income countries, mostly caused by trauma and ulcerative skin diseases including Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and associated with systemic complications and disability. Rural communities have limited access to high quality health services-based wound care. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study on wound management at three levels–community (C), health centre (HC), district hospital (DH)—in a rural community of Côte d’Ivoire. Patients with skin wounds actively identified in a house-to-house survey and passively in the health services in a defined area of the Taabo Health and Demographic Surveillance System were asked to participate and followed-up longitudinally. Endpoints were proportion of wounds closed, time to wound closure, wound size over time, frequency of secondary bacterial infection, need for recapturing after follow-up interruption, and duration of treatment stratified by health service level and wound aetiology. Results We enrolled 561 patients with 923 wounds between May 2019 and March 2020. The observation period ended in March 2021. Median age was 10 years (IQR 7–15), 63.0% of patients were male. Almost all (99.5%, 870/874) wounds closed within the observation period, 5.3% (49/923) were lost to follow-up. Wounds primarily treated in C, HC and DH closed within a median time of 10, 16 and 170 days, respectively. Median time to acute wound and chronic wound closure was 13 and 72 days, respectively. Wounds treated in C, HC and DH presented with secondary bacterial infections in 10.3% (36/350), 31.0% (133/429) and 100% (5/5) of cases, respectively. Recapturing was required in 68.3% (630/923) of wounds with participants reporting wound closure as the main reason for not attending follow-up. Conclusions We describe a wound management model based on national and WHO recommendations focusing on early identification and treatment in the community with potential for broad implementation in low-income countries. Trial registration Registration at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03957447).
New constraints on primordial minihalo abundance using cosmic microwave background observations

It was proposed that the massive compact halo objects (MCHOs) would be produced during an earlier epoch of cosmology if the density perturbations are between $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and 0.3. Then these objects can accrete dark matter particles onto them due to their high density. If the dark matter is in the form of the weakly interacting massive particles, the MCHOs can have a significant effect on the evolution of cosmology due to the dark matter annihilation within them. Using the WMAP-7 years data, we investigated the constraints on the current abundance of MCHOs (${f}_{\mathrm{MCHOs}}$) formed during the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation phase transition. We have found that the $2\ensuremath{\sigma}$ constraint is ${f}_{\mathrm{MCHOs}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ for dark matter masses in the range between 1 GeV and 1 TeV.
A multiscale modeling method for therapeutic antibodies in ion exchange chromatography

The development of biopharmaceutical downstream processes relies on exhaustive experimental studies. The root cause is the poorly understood relationship between the protein structure of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their macroscopic process behavior. Especially the development of preparative chromatography processes is challenged by the increasing structural complexity of novel antibody formats and accelerated development timelines. This study introduces a multiscale in silico model consisting of homology modeling, quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPR), and mechanistic chromatography modeling leading from the amino acid sequence of a mAb to the digital representation of its cation exchange chromatography (CEX) process. The model leverages the mAbs' structural characteristics and experimental data of a diverse set of 21 therapeutic antibodies to predict elution profiles of two mAbs that were removed from the training data set. QSPR modeling identified mAb‐specific protein descriptors relevant for the prediction of the thermodynamic equilibrium and the stoichiometric coefficient of the adsorption reaction. The consideration of two discrete conformational states of IgG4 mAbs enabled prediction of split‐peak elution profiles. Starting from the sequence, the presented multiscale model allows in silico development of chromatography processes before protein material is available for experimental studies.
Ameliorating Caregiver Burden in the Pediatric Palliative Population Utilizing a Psychophysiological Intervention

Background: Providing long-term care for a family member can be a source of severe stress for the untrained caregiver, and is known to cause depression, poor overall health, and lower quality of life for the caregiver. This burden may lead to poorer outcomes for the patient, as well as contribute to overall increasing costs of an already strained healthcare system. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to reduce the stress that accompanies caregiver burden through the intervention of diaphragmatic breathing. Method: Diaphragmatic breathing is a low-cost, psychophysiological intervention found to be helpful for reducing stress, which is a significant component of caregiver burden. Caregivers of pediatric patients enrolled in a homecare program were assessed for caregiver burden utilizing the Zarit Burden Interview-12 (ZBI-12). Those who had scored 15 or higher on the ZBI-12 were taught diaphragmatic breathing, and assessed again, two months after using the intervention. Results: A paired dependent t-test revealed that palliative caregivers showed a reduction in ZBI-12 assessment score after implementation of a diaphragmatic breathing intervention (m = 17.4, s = 6.7), compared to before implementation of a diaphragmatic breathing intervention (m = 12.8, s = 8.6), t(11) = 2.513 , P < . 05. Conclusion: The intervention resulted in less anxiety, stress, depression, and burnout among the pediatric palliative caregivers. Improvement of caregiver well-being was evidenced by decreased ZBI-12 scores in a postintervention assessment.
Variation in plant Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor domain protein dependence on ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1

Abstract Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains are integral to immune systems across all kingdoms. In plants, TIRs are present in nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors, NLR-like, and TIR-only proteins. Although TIR-NLR and TIR signaling in plants require the ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) protein family, TIRs persist in species that have no EDS1 members. To assess whether particular TIR groups evolved with EDS1, we searched for TIR-EDS1 co-occurrence patterns. Using a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of TIR domains from 39 algal and land plant species, we identified 4 TIR families that are shared by several plant orders. One group occurred in TIR-NLRs of eudicots and another in TIR-NLRs across eudicots and magnoliids. Two further groups were more widespread. A conserved TIR-only group co-occurred with EDS1 and members of this group elicit EDS1-dependent cell death. In contrast, a maize (Zea mays) representative of TIR proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats was also present in species without EDS1 and induced EDS1-independent cell death. Our data provide a phylogeny-based plant TIR classification and identify TIRs that appear to have evolved with and are dependent on EDS1, while others have EDS1-independent activity.
Translating diagnostics and drug delivery technologies to low-resource settings

Diagnostics and drug delivery technologies engineered for low-resource settings aim to meet their technical design specifications using strategies that are compatible with limited equipment, infrastructure, and operator training. Despite many preclinical successes, very few of these devices have been translated to the clinic. Here, we identify factors that contribute to the clinical success of diagnostics and drug delivery systems for low-resource settings, including the need to engage key stakeholders at an early stage, and provide recommendations for the clinical translation of future medical technologies. Description Technologies for low-resource settings must prioritize accessibility and affordability to maximize their likelihood of clinical translation.
Timing of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Matters in People With Multiple Sclerosis on Pulsed Anti-CD20 Treatment

Background and Objectives Our objective was to investigate cellular and humoral immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in a cohort of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) on pulsed B-cell–depleting treatment (BCDT). In particular, we intended to evaluate a possible association between immune responses and the timing of vaccination under BCDT. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among pwMS on pulsed BCDT or without disease-modifying treatment after completed SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Samples were collected during routine clinical visits at the Multiple Sclerosis Center Dresden, Germany, between June 2021 and September 2021. Blood was analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein–specific antibodies and interferon-γ release of CD4 and CD8 T cells on stimulation with spike protein peptide pools. Lymphocyte subpopulations and total immunoglobulin levels in the blood were measured as part of clinical routine. Results We included 160 pwMS in our analysis, comprising 133 pwMS on BCDT (n = 132 on ocrelizumab and n = 1 on rituximab) and 27 without disease-modifying treatment. Humoral and cellular anti–SARS-CoV-2 responses were reciprocally regulated by the time between the last BCDT cycle and vaccination. Although antibody responses increased with prolonged intervals between the last BCDT cycle and vaccination, CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses were higher in pwMS vaccinated at early time points after the last BCDT cycle compared with untreated pwMS. T-cellular vaccination responses correlated with total, CD3 CD4, and partly with CD3 CD8 lymphocyte counts. Humoral responses correlated with CD19 lymphocyte counts. Status post coronavirus disease 2019 infection led to significantly increased SARS-CoV-2–specific T-cell and antibody responses. Discussion Delaying BCDT is currently discussed as a strategy to optimize humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. However, T cells represent an important line of defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection as well, especially in light of emerging variants of concern. We observed enhanced CD4 and CD8 T-cellular responses in pwMS receiving vaccination at early time points after their last BCDT cycle. These data may influence clinical decision making with respect to vaccination strategies in patients receiving BCDT.
The four leading arms of the Magellanic Cloud system - Evidence for interaction with Milky Way disk and halo

Context. The Magellanic Cloud System (MCS) interacts via tidal and drag forces with the Milky Way galaxy. Aims. Using the Parkes Galactic All‐Sky Survey (GASS) of atomic hydrogen we explore the role of drag on the evolution of the so-called Leading Arm (LA). Methods. We present a new image recognition algorithm that allows us to differentiate features within a 3-D data cube (longitude, latitude, radial velocity) and to parameterize individual coherent structures. We compiled an Hi object catalog of LA objects within an area of 70 ◦ x 85 ◦ (1.6 sr) of the LA region. This catalog ⋆ comprises information of location, column density, line width, shape and
New endoscopic tools in inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract Endoscopic remission is now considered the ultimate long‐term goal for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent advances in endoscopic techniques have progressively added new tools to the armamentarium of endoscopists for a deeper assessment and characterisation of the intestinal mucosa. Virtual Electronic chromoendoscopy is widely available in the endoscopic units, leading to a more accurate evaluation of the vascular and mucosal architecture of the colon, reducing the gap with histology, which is considered a favourable long‐term measure. In addition, advanced, sophisticated techniques such as endocytoscope and confocal laser endomicroscopy provide insights into individualised and personalised IBD therapy. Finally, high expectations are placed on the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with promising applications that have the potential to revolutionise IBD diagnosis and management. Here, we discuss state‐of‐the‐art of endoscopic techniques and their applicability to accurate assess endoscopic and histological remission, predict response to therapy and detect, characterise and guide treatment of colonic dysplastic lesions. We are seeing the dawn of a new era wherein the applications of these new endoscopic tools, hand in hand with AI, offer the most incredible opportunity to deliver precision medicine to patients with IBD.
Latitudinal gradients in body size and sexual size dimorphism in fleas: males drive Bergmann's pattern.

We tested for the effects of latitude and geographic range size (GRS) on body size, leg length, and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) across 103 species of fleas, taking into account phylogenetic between-species relationships. When the data on body size were combined for males and females, the positive correlation between body size and latitude, but not GRS, was revealed. When the analysis was restricted to one sex only, the effect of latitude appeared to be non-significant for females, whereas male body size increased with an increase in latitude. Intraspecific body size variation was not associated with either the latitude or the latitudinal span of the geographic range, independently of which data subset was analyzed. No evidence of association between size-independent tibia length and latitude was found for either females, males, or both sexes combined. The degree of SSD decreased with a decrease in latitude but was not affected by GRS. We conclude that macroecological patterns might be manifested differently in males and females. This should be kept in mind while searching for these patterns. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The radio remnant of Supernova 1987A at high frequencies and high resolution

Abstract As the remnant of Supernova (SN) 1987A has been getting brighter over time, new observations at high frequencies have allowed imaging of the radio emission at unprecedented detail. We present a new radio image at 44 GHz of the supernova remnant (SNR), derived from observations performed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) in 2011. The diffraction-limited image has a resolution of 349×225 mas, which is the highest achieved to date in high-dynamic range images of the SNR. We also present a new image at 18 GHz, also derived from ATCA observations performed in 2011, which is super-resolved to 0″. 25. The new 44 and 18 GHz images yield the first high-resolution spectral index map of the remnant. The comparison of the 44 GHz image with contemporaneous X-ray and Hα observations allows further investigations of the nature of the remnant asymmetry and sheds more light into the progenitor hypotheses and SN explosion. In light of simple free-free absorption models, we discuss the likelihood of detecting at 44 GHz the possible emission originating from a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) or a compact source in the centre of the remnant.
Creative writing as a means to recover from early psychosis– Experiences from a group intervention

ABSTRACT Background In this paper, we explore the subjective experiences of a group intervention in creative writing (CW) for young adults being treated for psychosis. Method A qualitative and exploratory design was applied. Five out of eight patients who were offered a course in CW with two-hour weekly sessions for 12 weeks took part in this study. The five participants who followed through were interviewed after project termination. Systematic text condensation was applied to the transcribed interviews. Results The analysis revealed three overarching themes: a) the group was valued as a creative community, b) there was safety in the structured yet flexible framing of the course, c) the participants experienced creative freedom that enabled a feeling of mastery. Conclusion CW was well conceived. The feelings of connectedness and mastery were prominent. The participants experienced growth on several levels. Our findings support previous work on arts therapy as a means to recovery.
Identification of faecal Escherichia coli isolates with similar patterns of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in dogs and their owners

Abstract Background The presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Escherichia coli allows them to survive and cause infections. The close contact between humans and pets can reinforce the risk of transmitting resistant and virulent bacteria between them. Objectives This study aims to compare the patterns of the presence of tetracycline and streptomycin resistance genes, as well as important virulence genes in E. coli isolated from faeces of healthy dogs and their owners. Methods Polymerase chain reactions were performed for detection of antimicrobial resistance (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, strA and strB) and virulence (fimH, iss, sitA and malX) genes in 144 faecal E. coli isolates from 28 dog–owner pairs and 16 humans who did not keep any pets as controls. Results Among the investigated antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, tetA (52.1%) and fimH (86.8%) genes had the highest prevalence. No statistically significant difference was found between the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in isolates of dogs and their owners. In total, 46.4% of dog–owner pairs had the same patterns of presence or absence of six antimicrobial resistance genes, 50.0% had the same patterns of presence or absence of four virulence genes and 25.0% had the same patterns of presence or absence of all 10 tested genes. Conclusion The presence of antimicrobial‐resistant virulent E. coli in humans and pets may predispose them to infections that are hard to cure with conventional antibiotics. Notable frequency of dogs’ and their owners’ E. coli isolates with similar patterns of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes may indicate the possibility of sharing virulent antimicrobial resistant E. coli between them.