Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous inference with maps

Since Tolman’s paper in 1948, psychologists and neuroscientists have argued that cartographic representations play an important role in cognition. These empirical findings align with some theoretical works developed by philosophers who promote a pluralist view of representational vehicles, stating that cognitive processes involve representations with different formats. However, the inferential relations between maps and representations with different formats have not been sufficiently explored. Thus, this paper is focused on the inferential relations between maps cartographic and linguistic representations. To that effect, I appeal to heterogeneous inference with ordinary maps and sentences. In doing so, I aim to build a model to bridge the gap between cartographic and linguistic thought.
Compositions and antioxidant activities of essential oils of different tissues from Cryptomeria japonica D. Don

Both hydrodistillation and headspace-GC methods were applied to extract essential oils from leaves, heartwood, sapwood, twig, and bark of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don and their chemical compositions determination and oil yields were analyzed. The antioxidant activities of these oils were also evaluated. The hydrodistillated leaves, heartwood, sapwood, twig, and bark essential oils contained 53, 44, 50, 87, and 60 identified compounds, respectively. Whereas the headspace methods separated from those parts 38, 35, 46, 61 and 46 identified compounds, respectively. Both methods showed similar main components and yields. The main composition of leaf essential were kaurene (19.1%), α-pinene (16.5%) and elemol (16.3%). Its heartwood oil had 1-epi-cubenol (18.9%), δ-cadinene (17.2%), andcubenol (14.9%) as the main ingredients; the sapwood oil contained cubebol (19.5%), cubenol (13.3%), 1-epi-cubenol (12.5%) and ferruginol (10.8%) as the main components; the bark oil, however, contained camphor (46.5%) and α-pinene (16.2%) etc.; and α-eudesmol (25.2%), γ-eudesmol (11.8%) in the twig oil. Essential oils from the leaves, heartwood, sapwood, and twigs of the species were predominately oxygenated sesquiterpenes, while the bark oil was mostly oxygenated monoterpenes. The antioxidant activities of these oils in a decreasing order was sapwood ＞ twig ＞ heartwood ＞ bark ＞ leaves. After TLC fractionation of the sapwood oil, we found that ferruginol processed the highest antioxidant activity, and may be applicable as a natural antioxidant.
Approximation Schemes for the Joint Inventory Selection and Online Resource Allocation Problem

In this paper, we introduce and study the joint inventory and online resource allocation problem, which is characterized by two sequential sets of decisions that are irrevocably linked. First, a decision maker must select starting inventory levels for a set of available resources. Subsequently, the decision maker must allocate arriving customers to available resources in an online fashion so as to maximize some notion of expected reward. We consider two variations of this problem, which are referred to as the matching setting and the choice setting. In the former, the decision maker can deterministically match each arriving customer to an available resource, whereas in the latter setting, the decision maker selects a subset of resources to make available, and arriving customers select among the offered resources according to a multinomial logit choice model. We present and study both versions of the problem in their most general form before focusing on a specific version of the matching setting that arises at Anheuser Busch InBev. In both cases, we develop simple and easy to implement policies that come with robust worst-case performance guarantees. We test the efficacy of these policies through extensive numerical experiments on both real and synthetic data, where we find that our approaches are either near-optimal or improve upon state-of-the-art benchmarks. For the Anheuser Busch InBev setting, our experiments reveal that our algorithm has the potential to yield revenue improvements in the range of millions of dollars per year.
The Effects of Anesthesiologist Experience on Postoperative Hoarseness After Double-Lumen Endotracheal Tube Intubation: A Single-Center Propensity Score-Matched Analysis

Background: Postoperative hoarseness after general anesthesia is associated with patient discomfort and dissatisfaction. A recent large retrospective study showed that single-lumen endotracheal tube intubation by a trainee did not alter the incidence of postoperative pharyngeal symptoms compared with that by a senior anesthesiologist. However, little is known about the relationship between anesthesiologist experience and hoarseness after double-lumen endotracheal tube intubation. We tested the hypothesis that double-lumen endotracheal tube intubation by a trainee increases the incidence of postoperative hoarseness compared with that by a senior anesthesiologist.Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients who underwent lung resection from April 2015 to March 2018 in a university hospital. Patients underwent double-lumen endotracheal tube intubation with a Macintosh laryngoscope. We divided the patients into two groups: one group comprising patients whose tracheas were intubated by a trainee anesthesiologist and the other comprising those whose tracheas were intubated by a senior anesthesiologist. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative hoarseness 24 h after surgery. We collected data on postoperative hoarseness using a checklist of postanesthetic adverse events. One-to-one propensity score matching was performed. P values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: There were 256 eligible patients; 153 patients underwent intubation by trainee anesthesiologists, and the remaining 103 patients underwent intubation by senior anesthesiologists. The one-to-one propensity score matching generated 96 pairs of patients for the groups. The incidence of postoperative hoarseness 24 h after the surgery was significantly higher in patients whose tracheas were intubated by a trainee anesthesiologist than in those whose tracheas were intubated by a senior anesthesiologist (9.4% vs. 2.1%, respectively; P = 0.03). Conclusions: Double-lumen endotracheal tube intubation by trainee anesthesiologists increased the incidence of postoperative hoarseness 24 h after the surgery compared with intubation by senior anesthesiologists.
Low pH of a High Carbon Gleysol Contributes to Nitrification Inhibition Resulting in Low N2O Soil Emissions and Limited Effectiveness of Nitrification Inhibitors

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas, and drained tropical/subtropical wetland soils that are high in carbon (C) make a substantial contribution to global anthropogenic N2O emissions. However, we previously reported negligible N2O emissions from an acidic, C-rich Gleysol under aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the subtropics despite ample moisture and fertiliser nitrogen (N). In a field experiment, seasonal cumulative N2O emissions in the field following the application of 90 kg ha−1 N as urea were low (0.15 kg N2O-N ha−1·season−1). An incubation study examining the effects of temperature (20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C) and water-filled pore space (WFPS; 40% vs. 60%) on N transformations showed that incubation temperature had a larger influence on nitrification than WFPS (40% vs. 60%). There was limited nitrification at 20 °C at either WFPS over 30 days, but low concentrations of NO3− (<100 mg kg−1) began to accumulate between 16–23 days at 30 °C and between 23–30 days at 25 °C. Liming soil resulted in nitrification after 10 days, while only minor nitrification was evident in the unlimed soil. The presence of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) with urea delayed nitrification for up to 4 days in the limed soil, suggesting such inhibitors may not provide substantial benefits in high C soils. Our results suggest that a low soil pH contributes to impaired nitrification in the C-rich Gleysol examined, which is associated with low fluxes of N2O in the field. We suggest that soil pH could potentially be manipulated to sustain low rates of nitrification and lower N losses, without compromising crop growth.
Effect of Dietary Yeast Culture Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Cecal Microbiota Modulation of Geese

BackgroundOne of the most extensively applied animal feed additives is yeast culture (YC), which can increase production efficiency by altering gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota. However, its use is still limited in waterfowl. Geese are the ideal model to study the interaction between dietary and GIT, due to their adaptation to consume different roughage sources. Therefore, the effect of YC supplementation at different concentrations (0%, 0.5%,1.0%,2.0% and 4.0%) on the GIT microbiota of geese was investigated in the present study. ResultsThree hundred Sichuan white geese with healthy and similar body weight (BW: 95.57 ± 2.42 g) were randomly divided into five groups: i) basal diet (control), ii) basal diet+0.5%YC (treat1), iii) basal diet+1.0% YC (treat2), iv) basal diet+2.0% YC (treat3), and v) basal diet+4.0% YC (treat4). After 10 weeks, slaughter and collected the cecum contents, then analysis GIT microbiota by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that YC supplementation did not significantly affect α-diversity (P ＞0.05). Principal coordinates analysis showed an obvious separation between control and treat4. The dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes whereas the predominant genera were Alistipes and Desulfovibrionaceae. The relative abundance of Firmicutes significantly increased in the treat1 group, whereas that of Bacteroidetes significantly decreased in the treat4 group. Dietary YC increased the proportion of beneficial bacteria, such as Parabacteroides, Enterococcus, Streptococcus and Pseudomonas, particularly in group treat2. Furthermore, treat3 significantly improved the body weight and feed utilization of geese.ConclusionCollectively, these findings demonstrate that dietary YC supplementation tends to increase species diversity and richness of GIT microbiota in geese. This increases the proportion of beneficial bacteria which improves amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, YC increases the relative abundance of Firmicutes that promote energy utilization and nutrition absorption, thereby improving the growth performance of geese. This dietary strategy based on feed additives is an effective method to maintain the health of the geese GIT and to improve growth efficiency.
Synthesis of N-Doped TiO2 for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Atmospheric NOx

Titanium oxide (TiO2) is a potential photocatalyst for removing toxic NOx from the atmosphere. Its practical application is, however, significantly limited by its low absorption into visible light and a high degree of charge recombination. The overall photocatalytic activity of TiO2 remains too low since it can utilize only about 4–5% of solar energy. Nitrogen doping into the TiO2 lattice takes advantage of utilizing a wide range of solar radiation by increasing the absorption capability towards the visible light region. In this work, N-doped TiO2, referred to as TC, was synthesized by a simple co-precipitation of tri-thiocyanuric acid (TCA) with P25 followed by heat treatment at 550 degrees C. The resulting nitrogen doping increased the visible-light absorption and enhanced the separation/transfer of photo-excited charge carriers by capturing holes by reduced titanium ions. As a result, TC samples exhibited excellent photocatalytic activities of 59% and 51% in NO oxidation under UV and visible light irradiation, in which the optimum mass ratio of TCA to P25 was found to be 10.
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and associated factors in a rural tertiary hospital in Eastern Uganda: A prospective cross-sectional study

Background: Asymptomatic carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can predispose the host to a wide array of infections that can be difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance. To inform public health strategies, the study sought to describe MRSA nasal carriage frequencies and the associated factors concerning nasal carriage among patients attending Mbale Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Methods: Nasal swabs were obtained from consented (aged >15years) participants presenting to the hospital for medical care between January and April 2018 [L1] . Direct Culture of swabs was performed on blood agar and then incubated at 37℃ for 24 hours. Identification of S. aureus was done using conventional biochemical tests. Phenotypic screening and confirmation of MRSA was done using cefoxitin disc (30µg) test and MICs on the Phoenix M50 instrument respectively. Patient demographic characteristics and the MRSA nasal carriage risk factors were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Results: Overall, majority of the participants were in-patients (138, 63.3%) with the proportions of both females and males among the participants being 154/218 (70.6%) and 64/218 (29.3%) respectively. Mean age for both female and male participants was 40.16 (SD± 17.04) years respectively. S . aureus nasal carriage rate among the participants was 22.9% (50/218), with 57.9% (29/50) of the harboured strains phenotypically expressing methicillin resistance ( mecA mediated). Phenotypic co-expression with i nducible clindamycin resistance and vancomycin resistance was displayed in 45.5% (23/50) and 2% (1/50) of the studied isolates respectively. Colonisation with MRSA did not show any significant relationship with all the studied factors. Conclusion : There was a moderate S. aureus nasal carriage among the participants in Mbale Regional Referral Hospital with a highly noted phenotypic expression of methicillin resistance among the isolated S. aureus strains. The studied factors were not significantly associated with the rate of MRSA nasal carriage. For surveillance purposes to combat future outbreaks, there is a need to do a larger study to better draw generalizable conclusions of carriage in the population. [L1] This is an important statement. I suggest that we reinstatate it if we are still in recommended word count
Structure of Sporisorium Scitamineum Isolates, the Causative Agent of Sugarcane Smut in Cote D'ivoire

The aim of this work was to assess the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and the variability between isolates of Sporisorium scitamineum present in Côte d'Ivoire. Smut whip samples were collected in 2017 and 2018 in Côte d'Ivoire from four agroindustrial complexes. The fungus was isolated out on PDA medium at the Laboratory. The morphological characters were described on the basis of the growth diameter, texture and colonies colors. The microscopic description focused on the spore’s size from medium and teliospores from whips. An analysis of variance was applied to the measured parameters and the means comparison was performed according to the Newman-Keuls test (post-hoc ANOVA test) at the significance level of 5% using the STATISTICA 7.1 software. Macroscopic results indicated two groups of isolates. Group 1 contains 85% of the isolates and characterized by a white mycelial colony with a cottony appearance. The G2 group comprising 15% of the isolates and marked by a yeast-shaped mycelial colony. The diameter of the teliospores varied between 8.36 μm and 10.25 μm. The size of the spores varied between 9.14 and 11.65 μm. This study made it possible to highlight the variability between the isolates of Sporisorium scitamineum in Côte d'Ivoire.
Thienopyrazine-based low-bandgap polymers for flexible polymer solar cells

are reported for the first time. The external quan tum efficiency peak values achieve up to 42% at ~ 350-400 nm and 26% at ~640 nm (PM-19:[60]-PCBM ). PACS. 73.61Ph Conducting polymers thin films - 84.60. Jt Photovoltaic conversion - 76.30. -v Organic materials EPR spectra 1 Introduction Solar cells based on conjugated polymers can be pro cessed from solution or dispersion which offers a v ery important technological potential for low-cost fabrication us ing high-volume processes like reel to reel technol ogies. One of the main reasons why the efficiency is still limited to 4-5% [1-5] with the standard system poly(3-hexylth iophene) (P3HT):[60]-PCBM in single polymer solar cells (on glass substrates) is the low absorbance of the two components of the photoactive layer in the range of the solar spe ctrum combined with the necessity of a thin film th ickness of this layer ( 2%) [10] mostly linked to problems wi th the charge transport. Here we report about the optical, electr ical and photovoltaic properties of a thieno[3.4- b]pyrazine phenylenevinylene thiophene (PM-18) and of thieno[3 . 4-b]pyrazine phenylenevinylene copolymers (PM-19, PM-2 0) related to the homopolymeric standard poly(phenylen evinylene) (PPV) (MDMO-PPV). 2 Results and discussion The well-defined strictly alternating thieno[3.4- b]pyrazine-based copolymers were synthesized by Horn er polycondensation route [11-12]. Figure 1 shows the chemical structures of the photoactive donor materi als and the homopolymeric PPV reference (MDMO-PPV). PM-20 and P M-19 differ only in one side chain (2-ethylhexyloxy vs. n-octyloxy). In PM-18 one main chain PPV ring of the monomer unit is replaced by a 3.4-dihexylthiophene moiety. [6.6]-Phenyl-C
The impact of ageing population on the social security budget : Case study for Brazil , China , Germany , Japan , and the United States

This study estimates the hypothetical level of contributions collected and pensions paid in the future by the social security budget in five of the most influential countries in the world today. Historical data from 1980 to 2009 declared by each state’s monitoring organization have been analyzed in order to find and propose a forecasting model for the period 2010-2025. Two models have been developed based on global specialists’ data for complex forecasts on population changes and economic prospects: one both measuring and forecasting the contributions gathered for the social security budgets, and one forecasting the levels of pensions paid. The focus of the analysis is on the effects that an ageing population could have on social security budget. The models suggest that there is a real need for change in the social security systems in use in order to strategically avoid predictable deficits and achieve budgetary equilibrium.
290-294 Martinez-Velazquez M.pmd

Adulticidal and ovipositionand hatching-altering activities of essential oil extracted from Mexican oregano leaves (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) (OEO) were evaluated on engorged adult female Rhipicephalus microplus ticks using the adult immersion test bioassay. Twofold dilutions of OEO were tested from a starting dilution of 10% down to 1.25%. Results showed 100% adulticidal activity at 10% OEO concentration and oviposition inhibition of 65.8% and 40.9% at 5.0% and 2.5% OEO concentration, respectively. Egg hatching inhibition was achieved by 26.0% and 11.5% at 5.0% and 2.5% OEO concentration, respectively. These effects could be attributed to OEO major components: thymol, carvacrol and p-cymene, which together account for more than 60.0% of the OEO chemical composition. Mexican oregano could represent a potential source for development of alternative tick control agents.
Space Weathering Simulation Trends on Carbonaceous Chondrites

Space weathering on primitive asteroids is an ongoing area of research. Primitive asteroids have low geometric albedo (≤ 0.15) and mostly featureless visible spectra (∼0.5 0.9 μm) (Campins et al. 2018). Higher albedo S-type asteroids and their corresponding meteorites, ordinary chondrites, have well-characterized space weathering effects. The generally lower albedo primitive asteroids and their less common corresponding meteorites, carbonaceous chondrites, have shown various, sometimes disagreeing results in laboratory simulations. Experiments simulating solar wind exposure on carbonaceous chondrites by Lantz et al. (2017) and Nakamura et al. 2019 showed complex trends on different types of meteorite samples. Thompson et al. (2019) simulated micrometeorite impacts on CM meteorites. Results from the Japanese sample return mission Hayabusa2 to asteroid Ryugu show an agreement with trends found by both Thompson et al. (2019) and Nakamura et al. (2019). Here, I investigate various laboratory simulations of carbonaceous chondrites to determine if certain experimental conditions were leading to disagreeing results. The two main differences I analyzed were the preparation of the sample (powder or pellet or chip) and type of space weathering being simulated (solar wind or micrometeorite bombardment). My analysis shows no clear trend for these space weathering results, suggesting the experiments on carbonaceous chondrites may not be accurately representing what is happening to their primitive asteroid counterparts.
Identification and Characterization of an Epi-Allele of FIE1 Reveals a Regulatory Linkage between Two Epigenetic Marks in Rice

Liguo Zhang,a,1 Zhijun Cheng,b,1 Ruizhen Qin,b Yang Qiu,b Jiu-Lin Wang,b Xiekui Cui,c Lianfeng Gu,c Xin Zhang,b Xiuping Guo,b Dan Wang,b Ling Jiang,a Chuan-yin Wu,b HaiyangWang,b Xiaofeng Cao,c and Jianmin Wana,b,2 a State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China bNational Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China c State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Marital Sorting and Cross-Country Differences in Intergenerational Earnings Persistence

In a real economy, decisions on investments in child human capital of children are made by families rather than by atomistic parents as is typically assumed in the literature. This paper incorporates family formation into an otherwise standard dynastic framework with human capital accumulation. The study finds that accounting for differences in taxation and education policies between the U.S. and 10 OECD countries is sufficient to replicate cross-country variations in the degree of assortative matching and its positive correlation with the persistence of intergenerational earnings. Positive assortative matching is crucial to a model’s ability to generate realistic levels of intergenerational earnings correlation observed in the data.
786-798 Taweechaisupapong S.pmd

Burkholderia pseudomallei a saprophyte found in soil and stagnant water is the causative agent of human melioidosis, an often cause fatal disease. B. pseudomallei is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics. The stringent response is a global bacterial adaptation process in response to nutritional limitation and is mediated by the alarmone (p)ppGpp, which is produced by two proteins, RelA and SpoT. In order to test whether the stringent response is involved in ceftazidime tolerance, biofilm formation, and bacterial survival in the soil microcosm, B. pseudomallei strain K96243 and its isogenic ΔrelA and ΔrelAΔspoT mutants were grown in rich and nutrient-limited media. In nutrient-limiting conditions, both the wild type and mutants were found to be up to 64-times more tolerant to ceftazidime than when grown in rich culture conditions. Moreover, the biofilm formation of all bacterial isolates tested were significantly higher under nutrient-limiting conditions than under nutrient-rich conditions. The ΔrelAΔspoT mutant produced less biofilm than its wild type or ΔrelA mutant under nutrient-limiting conditions. The survival of the ΔrelAΔspoT double mutant cultured in 1% moisture content soil was significantly decreased compared to the wild type and the ΔrelA mutant. Therefore, the RelA/SpoT protein family might represent a promising target for the development of novel antimicrobial agents to combat B. pseudomallei.