Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Responsibility of an Audience: Assessing the Legitimacy of Non-elected Representatives in Governance Networks

ABSTRACT Non-elected actors in governance networks are legitimate representatives when the constituency accepts their claims of representation. However, not all constituents have the resources to approve or oppose this representation. Consequently, I argue that the audience, often the decision-making authority, which enables non-elected actors to act as representatives has a responsibility to consider their legitimacy. Drawing on seven business and urban development networks in Norway, this article explores how the decision-making authority considers credibility, qualifications and connectedness to legitimise non-elected representatives in governance networks. Through interviews with civil servants and politicians organising and participating in the network, relevant documents and observations, this article demonstrates that the decision-making authority legitimises non-elected representatives based on credibility and qualifications rather than connectedness with the constituency. The decision-making authority believes that claims grounded in specialist expertise, self-representation and shared experiences with the constituency legitimise non-elected representatives. Similarly, truthful representatives are considered legitimate. Finally, the decision-making authority is divided with regards to how the interactive process between the non-elected representative and the constituency legitimises the content of the representation.
Accentism on Trial: Categorization/Stereotyping and Implicit Biases Predict Harsher Sentences for Foreign-Accented Defendants

In this study, participants were presented with two tasks: the Implicit Association Test (IAT), and a mock trial task. In both tasks, the auditory stimuli were produced by native or foreign-accented speakers, and presented either free of noise or mixed with background white noise, to estimate the role of processing fluency on jurors’ appraisals. In the IAT, participants showed positive implicit biases toward native speech, and negative implicit biases toward foreign-accented speech. In the mock trial task, participants gave much harsher sentences to the foreign-accented than native defendant, but only when defendants’ statements were free of noise. Moreover, we found that participants’ implicit biases were a relevant predictor of the sentences they gave to the defendants. Our results suggest that categorization/stereotyping is the main mechanism responsible for the effect of defendants’ accents on jurors’ appraisals, and that members of an estimated group who violate social norms are punished more severely.
Modification of nanoclay with different methods and its application in urea-formaldehyde bonded plywood panels

ABSTRACT The reinforcement of pristine nanoclay (PNC) and modified nanoclay (MNC) in urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins at the alkaline stage of synthesis was investigated in this work. The modification of PNC using copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) as transition metal ions was carried by three different modification methods that were coded as Cu-MNC (25, 36), Cu-MNC (60, 6), and Cu-MNC (80, 3), respectively. The modification of PNC was characterized by X-ray diffraction, showing the increased d-spacing after the modification. The reinforcement of 5 wt% of PNC and Cu-MNC at the alkaline reaction of UF resins that were coded as UF/PNC, UF/MNC (25, 36), UF/MNC (60, 6), and UF/MNC (80, 3). The X-ray diffraction study showed that the addition of PNC and Cu-MNC into the UF resins decreased the crystallinity of resins from 48.1% to 45% for UF/PNC and 25% for all UF/MNC. The curing behavior exhibited that the activation energy of UF resins decreased with addition of PNC and Cu-MNC. The loading of PNC and Cu-MNC into UF resins improved the adhesion and reduced the formaldehyde emission of UF resins in plywood. Statistical analysis suggested that UF/MNC (80, 3) produced plywood with greater adhesion strength and lower formaldehyde emission over other modified resins.
The Effect of Ostomy on Pediatric Patient and Family in Nursing

Aim This study aimed to examine the studies on children with stoma/ostomy in the field of nursing in terms of nursing science. Method This was a qualitative research based on a document analysis of the studies, and it was designed as a systematic review. It was carried out in accordance with the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guide. The databases of EBSCOhost, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched between January 2010 and October 2020, and the studies on ostomy in pediatric patients were examined. The search was conducted by using the English keywords including “ostomy/stoma, children, nursing care. ” Inclusion and exclusion criteria to select studies were determined based on the PICOS method (P = populations, I = interventions, C = comparison, O = outcomes, and S = study type). Data were extracted by two researchers independently. All studies were examined in full text, and it was decided which studies to include in the systematic review. Results In this study, 9,857 studies were found by entering the keywords in the first search. Among these, 87 studies were selected when their titles, abstracts, and keywords were examined. By the inclusion criteria, 20 studies from the EBSCOhost, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases were included in the study. Conclusion It was observed that the most common studies were the ones that were investigating the problems experienced by the children with an ostomy and their parents and its effects on them. It has been suggested that this systematic review will form a base for the experimental or randomized controlled studies that are needed in the field of ostomy and make a contribution to the literature.
Does Linearity Always Hold between Friction Force and Real Contact Area: An Experimental Study

Classical laws of friction suggest that friction force is proportional to the normal load and independent of the nominal contact area. As a great improvement in this subject, it is now widely accepted that friction force is proportional to the real area in contact, and much work has been conducted based on this hypothesis. In present study, this hypothesis will be carefully revisited by measuring the friction force and real contact area in-site and real-time at both normal loading and unloading stages. Our experiments reveal that the linear relation always holds between friction force and normal load. However, for the relation between friction force and real contact area, the linearity holds only at the loading stage while fails at the unloading stage. This study may improve our understanding of the origin of friction.
MEMBANGUN LOYALITAS PELANGGAN MELALUI KEPUASAN YANG DIPENGARUHI OLEH KUALITAS PRODUK, BRAND IMAGE DAN EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk, brand image, dan experiential marketing terhadap loyalitas pelanggan dengan kepuasan pelanggan sebagai variabel intervening. Loyalitas pelaggan sangat penting bagi perkembangan sebuah perusahaan, karena dengan adanya loyalitas mampu meningkatkan laba perusahaan. Sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiwa fakultas ekonomi dan bisnis Unsiq pengguna sepeda motor merek Honda. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 responden dengan purposive sampling melalui kuesioner dengan skala likert. Metode analisis menggunakan SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) dengan pengujian hipotesis Goodness of Fit. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk dan brand image berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan, experiential marketing tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Kualitas produk, brand image, dan kepuasan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, experiential marketing tidak berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas pelanggan. Experiential marketing berpengaruh positif terhadap loyalitas pelanggan dengan kepuasan sebagai variabel intervening, kualitas produk dan brand image tidak berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas pelanggan melalui kepuasan pelanggan sebagai variabel intervening.
Vector Geometric Algebra in Power Systems: An Updated Formulation of Apparent Power under Non-Sinusoidal Conditions

Traditional electrical power theories and one of their most important concepts—apparent power—are still a source of debate, because they present several flaws that misinterpret the power-transfer and energy-balance phenomena under distorted grid conditions. In recent years, advanced mathematical tools such as geometric algebra (GA) have been introduced to address these issues. However, the application of GA to electrical circuits requires more consensus, improvements and refinement. In this paper, electrical power theories for single-phase systems based on GA were revisited. Several drawbacks and inconsistencies of previous works were identified, and some amendments were introduced. An alternative expression is presented for the electric power in the geometric domain. Its norm is compatible with the traditional apparent power defined as the product of the RMS voltage and current. The use of this expression simplifies calculations such as those required for current decomposition. This proposal is valid even for distorted currents and voltages. Concepts are presented in a simple way so that a strong background on GA is not required. The paper included some examples and experimental results in which measurements from a utility supply were analysed.
Family firms in European regions: the role of regional institutions

ABSTRACT Our study investigates whether the quality of regional institutions influences firms’ likelihood of being a family firm. We explore our conjecture using the EU-EFIGE/Bruegel-UniCredit dataset, which provides comparable cross-country data on manufacturing firms in seven European countries. We use a multilevel framework to analyse how firm- and regional-level variables influence firms’ likelihood of being a family firm. We find evidence that location matters in explaining firms’ probability of being a family firm but that differences between countries are more relevant than are differences between regions. Our results show that the lower the quality of regional institutions, the higher the likelihood of a firm being a family firm. Our results are robust to alternative regional-level control variables and persist after several robustness checks.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTINOMYCETES STRAIN TA3.A03 ISOLATED FROM MARINE SEDIMENT OF VIETNAM

Received: 16/4/2021 Marine-derived Streptomyces are a source of a broad variety of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. A TA3.A03 strain isolated from marine sediment was studied characterization biology classified using a 16S rRNA. The strain TA3.A03 is capable of extracellular enzymes producing, such as cellulase, protease, amylase, and lipase. The isolate exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacteria used in the study. The isolate was in the grey aerial mycelium colour series on all tested media with long spore chains which are non-motile spores. Aerial mycelium and substrate mycelium were well developed but not fragmented in most media. Growth of the isolate occurred in 1-7% (w/v) NaCl at pH 5.09. 0 and 20-45°C. The organism, isolate TA3.A03, was found to have chemical and morphological properties typical of members of the genus Streptomyces. The isolate was shown to be closely related to the type strain of Streptomyces zhihengii strain INA 766 (98.19 % similarity). Based on the physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic tests, the actinomycetes was identified as an isolate of Streptomyces sp. TA3.A03. Revised: 27/5/2021
Chronology of thrust propagation from an updated tectono-sedimentary framework of the Miocene molasse (western Alps)

Abstract. After more than a century of research, the chronology of the deformation of the external part of the Alpine belt is still controversial for the Miocene epoch. In particular, the poor dating of the foreland basin sedimentary succession hampers a comprehensive understanding of the kinematics of the deformation. Here we focus on the Miocene Molasse deposits of the northern subalpine massifs, southern Jura, Royans, Bas-Dauphiné, Crest and La Bresse sedimentary basins through a multidisciplinary approach to build a basin-wide tectono-stratigraphic framework. Based on sequence stratigraphy constrained by biostratigraphical, chemostratigraphical (Sr-isotopes) and magnetostratigraphical data between the late Aquitanian (~21 Ma) and the Tortonian (~8.2 Ma), the Miocene Molasse chronostratigraphy is revised with a precision of ~0.5 Ma. The Miocene Molasse sediments encompass four different palaeogeographical domains: (i) the oriental domain, outlined by depositional sequences S1a to S3 (~21 to ~15 Ma), (ii) the median domain characterized by sequences S2 to S5 (~17.8 to ~12 Ma), (iii) the occidental domain, in which sequences S2a to S8 (~17.8 to ~8.2 Ma) were deposited and, (iv) the Bressan domain, where sedimentation is restricted to sequences S6 to S8 (~12 to ~8.2 Ma). A structural and tectono-sedimentary study is conducted based on new field observations and the reappraisal of regional seismic profiles, thereby allowing the identification of five major faults zones (FZ). The oriental, median and occidental paleogeographical domains are clearly separated by FZ1, FZ2 and FZ3, suggesting strong interactions between tectonics and sedimentation during the Miocene. The evolution in time and space of the paleogeographical domains within a well-constrained structural framework reveals syntectonic deposits and a westward migration of the depocenters, and allows to establish the following chronology of thrust propagation at the western alpine front: (i) A compressive phase (P1) corresponding to thrusting above the Chartreuse Orientale Thrust (FZ1), which was likely initiated during the Oligocene. This tectonic phase generated reliefs that limited the Miocene transgression to the east; (ii) the ~W-WNW/E-ESE-directed compressive phase (P2) involving the Belledonne basal thrust, which activated the Salève thrust (SAL) fault and successively FZ2 to FZ5 from east to west. Phase P2 deeply shaped the Miocene palaeogeographical evolution and most probably corresponded to a prominent compressive phase at the scale of the Alps during the early to middle Miocene (between 18.05 +/- 0.25 Ma and ~12 Ma). In those ~6 Myr, the Miocene sea was forced to regress rapidly westwards in response to westward migration of the active thrusts and exhumation of piggy-back basins atop the fault zones; (iii) the last phase (P3) of Tortonian age (~10 Ma), which likely implied a significant uplift (350 m minimum) of the Bas-Dauphiné basin, whereas horizontal motions prevailed within the Jura Mountains.
First molecular confirmation of Coenurus cerebralis in sheep and goats with neurological behaviors in Iraq

Background and Aim: Coenurus cerebralis is the intermediate stage of the canine cestode, which infect sheep and goats, resulting mainly in neurological signs and causing direct and indirect economic losses. This study aimed to demonstrate the existence of C. cerebralis and to elucidate the role of this parasite in inducing neurological behaviors in sheep and goats. Materials and Methods: On the basis of historical data on neurological signs, we subjected 76 animals (49 sheep and 27 goats) of different ages, sexes, and geographical areas for molecular examination of their blood samples using the polymerase chain reaction assay. Results: Of the 76 animals, 23.68% tested positive for C. cerebralis infection. We found significant increases in infection (p<0.05) in sheep (26.53%) more than in goats (18.52%). Circling movement was prevalent significantly among both C. cerebralis-positive sheep and goats. The Nineveh region had a significant (p<0.05) increase in positive sheep and goats, and the sheep of all study regions were infected significantly (p<0.05) more than were the goats. We found no significant (p>0.05) variation between sheep ages ≥1-3 years and ≥3 years; however, both groups had a significantly (p≤0.043) higher positivity rate than did sheep ages <1 year. The findings of sheep ages <1 year and ≥1-3 years were significantly higher than those of the goats, but not for goats ages ≥3 years. Female sheep and goats showed a significant increase in positivity versus that for the males. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report in Iraq targeting detection of C. cerebralis in sheep and goats with neurological behaviors; therefore, additional studies involving different animals in other regions using molecular techniques are needed.
Quantification of Biomass and Carbon Storage of the Herbaceous Stratum Around Refugee Camps: Case Study of Minawao Site in Cameroon

Degradation of the savannah region contributes indirectly to climatic changes. In order to come across the impacts of anthropogenic actions on the herbaceous stratum, a carbon stock estimation study was conducted in the Sahelian savannah of Cameroon. Herbaceous inventories were carried out in each plant formation and also in each transect demarcated from refugee sites. These inventories were carried out in a 10 m x 10 m plot. 5 circles with a radius of one (01) meter were delimited with a (01) ribbon in this quadrat. After data analysis in a laboratory, the wooded savannah (2.44±3.70 t/ha) shows the greatest amount of herbaceous biomass followed by the forest gallery (1.81±2.47 t/ha). The presence of a large quantity of carbon influence the locality of Zamay (0.54±0.10 tC/ha), meanwhile the village of Minawao present a very small quantity (0.23±0.11 tC/ha), where the refugees are settled. The impacts of the refugees are greater on carbon sequestration than those of the local populations. This study contributes to the understanding of carbon sequestration on the savannah region. To strengthen the potential of the herbaceous plants in this ecosystem are needed to minimize its degradation so that it can be a sustainable source of carbon stored by herbaceous.
Corporate governance and financial performance of banks in Ghana: the moderating role of ownership structure

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating effect of ownership on the links between corporate governance and financial performance in the context of Ghanaian banks.Design/methodology/approachThe current study used a sample of 23 banks and the multiple regression method to analyze a panel dataset of 414 from banks over an 18-year period.FindingsThe findings revealed that audit independence, chief executive officer (CEO) duality, non-executive directors and banks size have a positive impact on performance. The findings also revealed that foreign ownership has an interacting effect between corporate governance and profitability.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of the current study demonstrated that good corporate governance creates value and must be invigorated for the interest of all stakeholders. Foreign ownership has an interacting effect between corporate governance and performance. Policymakers should formulate policies for attracting foreign investors.Originality/valueInterestingly, this study is the first of its kind that exclusively chose ownership structure to interact between corporate governance and bank performance in Ghanaian perspective. Such new insights on this relationship provide useful information to the government, academics, policymakers and other stakeholders. The growing economies of African countries, and the inadequate governance–performance literature in African context, have created a demand to appreciate the governance parameters in these countries and its influence on firm's performance.
Sonority projection effect in French: A signal detection theory approach

Abstract Focusing on the Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP), we investigated the extent to which adult native speakers of French are sensitive to sonority-related constraints compared to lexical attestedness. In a non-word acceptability task, participants were asked to rate the acceptability of three types of non-words using a 6-point scale: non-words with attested sonority rising onset, non-words with unattested sonority rising onset, and non-words with unattested sonority falling onset. Data analysis was done using the signal detection theory approach to measure sensitivity of participants to lexical attestedness and to phonological well-formedness (i.e., respecting or violating the SSP). The results showed that speakers distinguished well-formed and ill-formed forms even when lexical attestedness was controlled for. This is consistent with previous findings on sonority projection effects. Participants were more sensitive to lexical attestedness than phonological well-formedness. Future research using computational models should investigate mechanisms that could account for these findings, namely whether a similar result would be obtained without including any assumption about the SSP in these models.
Early Pension Claiming and Expected Longevity: A Register-Based Study on the Take-up of the Partial Old-Age Pension in Finland

As of February 2017, Finns have been able to claim a partial old-age pension early at age 61 independent of their working hours or earnings. Focusing on the take-up of the partial old-age pension in Finland, this article investigates whether early pension claiming is associated with expected longevity. We assume parental longevity to signal expected longevity. We use total register data on those eligible to claim a partial pension at age 61 in 2018 or 2019 and link this data to the information on their parents’ birth and death dates. To our knowledge, there exists no previous register-based study that uses parental longevity to explain pension claiming behavior. Since the longevity of the same-sex parent in particular influences subjective life expectancy, the variables of interest were the same-sex parent being alive and the age (at death) of the same-sex parent. The baseline results show a negative connection between the same-sex parent being alive and claiming. The connection disappears after controlling for gender, but the negative connection between the age (at death) of the same-sex parent and the claiming remains significant in a fully adjusted model. Known risk factors for shorter longevity, such as being male, having a lower income and wealth, also increase the likelihood of claiming. The results indicate that people take their expected longevity into account when making pension claiming decisions. This may hold critical implications for actuarial neutrality, the key assumption of the pension system design, and can lead to an unexpected increase in public pension expenditure.
The Empirical Analysis of the Core Competencies of the Company’s Resource Management Risk. Preliminary Study

The occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed many weaknesses in the functioning of businesses. It turns out that managers are not prepared to manage the enterprise’s resources in a high-risk environment. Considering risk managers’ issues requires reaching for theoretical and practical knowledge about competencies shaped in unpredictable conditions. This study attempts to determine the importance of the company’s resource management risk among the managerial staff. For the research carried out in 2019–2020, a questionnaire, interview, and literature studies were used. The questionnaire was addressed to 282 managers from western Poland. Particular attention was paid to establishing the crucial components of the company’s resource management competence. Moreover, the regular self-assessment of risk competence made it possible to present preferences in managing strategic resources, depending on the type of position held. The competence of human resources management risk was also examined according to biographical variables (i.e., age, sex, seniority, and total seniority).