Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Critical Review of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from the Bark of Woody Vascular Plants and Their Potential Biological Activity

Polyphenols are one of the largest and most widespread groups of secondary metabolites in the plants world. These compounds are of particular interest due to their occurrence and the properties they possess. The main sources of phenolic compounds are fruits and vegetables, but lately, more and more studies refer to woody vascular plants, especially to bark, as an important source of phenolic compounds with a potential biological effect. This study aims to bring together information on the phenolic compounds present in the bark of woody vascular plants by discussing extraction methods, the chemical composition of the extracts and potential biological effects. The literature data used in this paper were collected via PubMed (2004–2019). Search terms were: bark, rhytidome, woody vascular plant, polyphenols, phenolic compounds, biologic activity, antioxidant, immunostimulatory, antimutagenic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumoral. This paper intends to highlight the fact that the polyphenolic extracts obtained from the bark of woody vascular plants represent sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, immunostimulatory, antimutagenic, antibacterial properties, etc. Future research directions should be directed towards identification and isolation of bioactive compounds. Consequently, biologically active compounds obtained from the bark of woody plants could be exploited on an industrial scale.
A study of consumer choice between sustainable and non-sustainable apparel cues in Poland

The purpose of this study is to expand the existing knowledge on fashion consumption in general and age/gender effects on clothing choice in particular. This study was undertaken to empirically examine the importance of various sustainable and non-sustainable apparel cues, as well as the functional, aesthetic, symbolic, financial, environmental and social/ethical aspects of clothing. Although Poland's economy has been transformed remarkably over the last decade, there is still a paucity of empirical research focusing on this area has been conducted. ,A self-administered online survey was employed for this study. Twenty product cues (10 non-sustainable cues and 10 sustainable), eight items of ‘environmental commitment and behaviour’ measuring scale and demographic questions were used for data collection and empirical testing. ,A total of 288 useable surveys were collected for analysis. The results revealed that many Polish consumers would not purchase a sustainable or ‘green’ product if it did not provide enough aesthetic, functional and financial benefits to satisfy their needs and aspirations. Women were more reliant on garment fit and style than men. Our findings underscore several meaningful implications and useful information. Sustainable fashion is not merely about environmental, social and ethical benefits, but their aesthetic, functional, symbolic and financial values must be factored in as well. ,There is limited empirical research examining the age and gender effects in relation to sustainable and non-sustainable apparel cues. Unlike many previous research that only focused on one dimension or single aspect of clothing (e.g. aesthetic/hedonic attribute or functional/utilitarian attribute).
Real world experience at a single centre using low dose direct oral anticoagulants after unprovoked venous thromboembolism

Anderson, K.C. , Dimopoulos, M. , Kyle, R. , Blade, J., Richardson, P., Orlowski, R. , Siegel, D. , Jagannath, S. , Facon, T. , Avet-Loiseau, H. , Lonial, S. , Palumbo, A. , Zonder, J., Ludwig, H. , Vesole, D. , Sezer, O. , Munshi, N.C. & San, M.J. (2011) Consensus recommendations for the uniform reporting of clinical trials: report of the International Myeloma Workshop Consensus Panel 1. Blood, 117, 4691–4695. US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health & National Cancer Institute. (2010) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Version 4.03. https://www.eortc. be/services/doc/ctc/CTCAE_4. 03_2010-06-14_QuickReference_5x7. pdf (accessed July 11, 2018). Weber, D.M. , Chen, C. , Niesvizky, R. , Wang, M. , Belch, A. , Stadtmauer, E.A. , Siegel, D. , Borrello, I. , Rajkumar, S.V. , Chanan-Khan, A.A. , Lonial, S. , Yu, Z. , Patin, J., Olesnyckyj, M. , Zeldis, J.B. & Knight, R.D. (2007) Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for relapsed multiple myeloma in North America. New England Journal of Medicine, 357, 2133–2142.
Influence of topographic, geomorphic, and hydrologic variables on beaver dam height and persistence in the intermountain western United States

Stream ecosystems can be dramatically altered by dam‐building activities of North American beaver (Castor canadensis). The extent to which beavers’ ecosystem engineering alters riverscapes is driven by the density, longevity, and size (i.e. height and length) of the dams constructed. In comparison to the relative ubiquity of beaver dams on the landscape, there is a scarcity of data describing dam heights. We collected data describing dam height and dam condition (i.e. damaged or intact) of 500 beaver dams via rapid field survey, differentiating between primary and secondary dams and associating each dam with a beaver dam complex. With these data, we examined the influence of beaver dam type (primary/secondary), drainage area, streamflow, stream power, valley bottom width, and HUC12 watershed on beaver dam height with linear regression and the probability that a beaver dam was damaged with logistic regression. On average, primary dams were 0.46 m taller than secondary dams; 15% of observed dams were primary and 85% secondary. Dam type accounted for 21% of dam height variation (p <0.0001). Slope (p = 0.0107), discharge (p = 0.0029), and drainage area (p = 0.0399) also affected dam height, but each accounted for less than 3% of dam height variation. The average number of dams in a dam complex was 6.1 (SD ± 4.5) and ranged from 1 to 21. The watershed a beaver dam was located in accounted for the most variability (17.8%) in the probability that a beaver dam was damaged, which was greater than the variability explained by any multiple logistic regression model. These results indicate that temporally dynamic variables are important influencers of dam longevity and that beaver dam ecology is a primary factor influencing beaver dam height. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do websites contain factors to aid older adults’ adoption of health-related information and communication technology?

ABSTRACT Background: This study assessed how and to what extent the current health-related information and communication technology (ICT) sites have provided factors that increase older adults’ intention to use them. Methods: The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used as a theoretical framework. Results: Based on the systematic analysis of 120 sites targeting older adults, we found that about half the sites (49.2%) did not provide any key factors on either the first-level page or the second level. Although about 16% of sites contained perceived usefulness (PU), few sites provided perceived ease of use (PEOU). The results also revealed differences in the types of organizations, showing that more government-owned sites provided TAM-related factors and social media links than did non-profit sites or privately owned sites. Conclusion: We found that health-related ICT sites for older adults have not contained TAM-related components to encourage older adults to use ICT sites.
Laparoscopic Hepatectomy (with or without Robotic Assistance) versus Radiofrequency Ablation as a Minimally Invasive Treatment for Very Early-Stage or Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: The advantages of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) over hepatectomy as a treatment for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) include reduced morbidity and more rapid recovery. Although minimally invasive surgery provides similar benefits, few studies have compared the long-term oncological outcomes of these techniques. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of minimally invasive hepatectomy (MIH) and RFA. Methods: Patients who underwent MIH or RFA for HCC between January 2005 and January 2015 were included in a propensity score matching analysis. Only patients who underwent minimally invasive procedures for small HCC were included. Baseline clinical and laboratory parameters were retrieved from the hospital database and analyzed. Results: Two hundred and twenty-five patients underwent MIH or RFA for HCC during the study period. Propensity score matching yielded 59 patient-pairs. The complication rates did not differ statistically between the 2 groups (p = 0.309). However, MIH provided significantly better overall (p = 0.005) and disease-free survival outcomes (p < 0.001) than RFA. Conclusions: Compared with RFA, MIH provided better long-term survival outcomes in patients with early-stage HCC, with no increase in the incidence of complications. When feasible, MIH should be considered a first-line treatment for this patient population.
Treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism in the age of direct oral anticoagulants

Abstract Anticoagulation for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) can be challenging due to complications—including bleeding and potential drug–drug interactions with chemotherapy—associated with vitamin K antagonists and inconvenience of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) could partially overcome these issues, but until recently there were no large clinical trials assessing their efficacy and safety in cancer patients. This review summarizes clinical treatment guidelines, prior clinical and real-world evidence for anticoagulant choice, recent clinical trials assessing DOACs for cancer-associated VTE (i.e. Hokusai-VTE Cancer, SELECT-D, CARAVAGGIO, and ADAM VTE), and special considerations for DOAC use. Based on established data, clinical guidelines recommend patients with cancer-associated VTE receive LMWH treatment of at least 3–6 months. Nevertheless, LMWH is underused and associated with poor compliance and persistence in these patients relative to oral anticoagulants. Clinical data supporting DOAC use in cancer patients are becoming available. In Hokusai-VTE Cancer, edoxaban was noninferior to dalteparin for the composite of recurrent VTE and major bleeding (12.8% versus 13.5%), with numerically lower recurrent VTE (7.9% versus 11.3%) and significantly higher major bleeding (6.9% versus 4.0%); only patients with gastrointestinal cancer had significantly higher risk of bleeding with edoxaban. In SELECT-D, rivaroxaban had numerically lower VTE recurrence (4% versus 11%), comparable major bleeding (6% versus 4%), and numerically higher clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (13% versus 4%) versus dalteparin. Most bleeding events were gastrointestinal or urologic; patients with esophageal/gastroesophageal cancer had higher rates of major bleeding with rivaroxaban (36% versus 11%). For comparison of apixaban versus dalteparin, CARAVAGGIO is ongoing, and preliminary results from ADAM VTE are favorable. This review concludes that DOACs appear to be reasonable alternatives to LMWH for treatment of cancer-associated VTE. In patients with gastrointestinal cancer, DOAC use should be considered on a case-by-case basis with consideration of the relative risks and benefits.
MInOSSE: A new method to reconstruct geographic ranges of fossil species

Estimating fossil species' geographic range is a major goal for paleobiologists. In the deep time, this is most commonly performed by using polygon‐based methods such as the minimum convex polygon (MCP) or the Alpha‐Hull. Unfortunately, such methods provide a poor representation of the fossil species' actual range, because they are unable to take control of the severe stochastic and taphonomic biases. Here, we introduce MInOSSE (massively interpolated occurrences for species spatial estimation), a model‐based method that combines a machine learning algorithm and geostatistical approaches to reconstruct a target fossil species' geographic ranges by relying on the distribution of other coeval species and without using environmental predictors. We tested MInOSSE by using many simulated fossil species' distributions, comparing its performance with MCP and Alpha‐Hull outcomes and applying it to real case studies. In all simulations, MInOSSE outperformed the competing methods. Interestingly, the superior performance of MInOSSE becomes more apparent when the fossil record of the target species is scarce, that is, when appropriate range reconstruction is most problematic with polygon‐based methods. MInOSSE is a powerful tool for researchers interested in studying geographic range evolution, effects of range size on extinction risk, as well as biodiversity dynamics and macroecological patterns in the deep time.
Reducing intimate partner violence: a pilot evaluation of an intervention program

Abstract The current study describes a 20-week community-based intimate partner violence (IPV) intervention program delivered in British Columbia, Canada, and provides a preliminary evaluation of program impacts. The Men in Healthy Relationships program targets men who have perpetrated IPV and who voluntarily choose to participate in a program to learn healthy intimate partner relationship strategies. The intervention was evaluated across three program cycles in a pretest–posttest single group design, with a total of 46 participants enrolled. Twenty-eight men completed the pretest survey; analyses focus on the subset of 17 participants who reported having a current intimate partner and who completed the Abusive Behavior Inventory, and the 14–21 participants who completed pretest and posttest questions regarding knowledge and skills learned in the program. Results from the pilot evaluation suggest that the Men in Healthy Relationships program is a promising approach to decreasing abusive behavior, with participants showing significant decreases in both physical and psychological abuse. In addition, participants increased their knowledge and use of calming techniques and “time-outs” to reduce feelings of anger. Limitations and future research are discussed, along with implications for IPV intervention programing for voluntary participants.
Deciphering Within-Host Microevolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through Whole-Genome Sequencing: the Phenotypic Impact and Way Forward

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome is more heterogenous and less genetically stable within the host than previously thought. Currently, only limited data exist on the within-host microevolution, diversity, and genetic stability of M. tuberculosis. SUMMARY The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome is more heterogenous and less genetically stable within the host than previously thought. Currently, only limited data exist on the within-host microevolution, diversity, and genetic stability of M. tuberculosis. As a direct consequence, our ability to infer M. tuberculosis transmission chains and to understand the full complexity of drug resistance profiles in individual patients is limited. Furthermore, apart from the acquisition of certain drug resistance-conferring mutations, our knowledge on the function of genetic variants that emerge within a host and their phenotypic impact remains scarce. We performed a systematic literature review of whole-genome sequencing studies of serial and parallel isolates to summarize the knowledge on genetic diversity and within-host microevolution of M. tuberculosis. We identified genomic loci of within-host emerged variants found across multiple studies and determined their functional relevance. We discuss important remaining knowledge gaps and finally make suggestions on the way forward.
Near-infrared saturable and reverse saturable absorption of ion beam synthesized VO2 nanocrystals

We investigate the nonlinear optical response of a thin film of ion-implanted VO2 nanocrystals with open aperture z-scans involving femtosecond near-infrared pulses. Beyond the established nonlinearity related to the insulator-metal phase transition of VO2, the metallic state features a pronounced saturable absorption for 100 fs pulses from a modelocked Yb:fiber source at λ = 1036 nm. In contrast, we find a pronounced reverse saturable absorption for 90 fs pulses in the telecom window at λ = 1550 nm. We attribute these nonlinearities to a transient red-shift of the plasmonic resonance of the nanocrystals, in line with the temperature dependence of the linear absorption and the theoretical expectation for electronic heating. Details of the transmissivity characteristics can be tailored by the lattice temperature and/or the size of the nanocrystals. The results hold promise for the use of VO2 nanocrystals as a saturable absorber, e.g., to mode-locked near-infrared lasers.
Latent common source extraction via a generalized canonical correlation framework for frequency recognition in SSVEP based brain–computer interfaces

Objective. This study introduces and evaluates a novel target identification method, latent common source extraction (LCSE), that uses subject-specific training data for the enhancement of detection of steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). Approach. LCSE seeks to construct a common latent representation of the SSVEP signal subspace that is stable across multiple trials of electroencephalographic (EEG) data. The spatial filter thus obtained improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the SSVEP components by removing nuisance signals that are irrelevant to the generalized signal representation learnt from the given data. In this study a comparison of SSVEP identification performance between the proposed method, extended canonical correlation analysis (ExtCCA) and multiset canonical correlation analysis (MsetCCA) was conducted using SSVEP benchmark data of 40 targets recorded from 35 subjects to validate the effectiveness of the LCSE framework. Main results. The results indicate that the LCSE framework significantly outperforms the other two methods in terms of both classification accuracy and information transfer rates (ITRs). Significance. The significant improvement in the target identification performance demonstrates that the proposed LCSE method can be seen as a promising potential candidate for efficient SSVEP detection in brain–computer interface (BCI) systems.
Context Definition and Query Language: Conceptual Specification, Implementation, and Evaluation

As IoT grows at a staggering pace, the need for contextual intelligence is a fundamental and critical factor for IoT intelligence, efficiency, effectiveness, performance, and sustainability. As the standardisation efforts for IoT are fast progressing, efforts in standardising context management platforms led by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) are gaining more attention from both academic and industrial research organizations. These standardisation endeavours will enable intelligent interactions between ‘things’, where things could be devices, software components, web-services, or sensing/actuating systems. Therefore, having a generic platform to describe and query context is crucial for the future of IoT applications. In this paper, we propose Context Definition and Query Language (CDQL), an advanced approach that enables things to exchange, reuse and share context between each other. CDQL consists of two main parts, namely: context definition model, which is designed to describe situations and high-level context; and Context Query Language (CQL), which is a powerful and flexible query language to express contextual information requirements without considering details of the underlying data structures. An important feature of the proposed query language is its ability to query entities in IoT environments based on their situation in a fully dynamic manner where users can define situations and context entities as part of the query. We exemplify the usage of CDQL on three different smart city use cases to highlight how CDQL can be utilised to deliver contextual information to IoT applications. Performance evaluation has demonstrated scalability and efficiency of CDQL in handling a fairly large number of concurrent context queries.
Attitudes to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Defibrillator Use: A Survey of UK Adults in 2017

Background Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and public access defibrillator (PAD) use can save the lives of people who experience out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. Little is known about the proportions of UK adults trained, their characteristics and willingness to act if witnessing an out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, or the public's knowledge regarding where the nearest PAD is located. Methods and Results An online survey was administered by YouGov to a nonprobabilistic purposive sample of UK adults, achieving 2084 participants, from a panel that was matched to be representative of the population. We used descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression modeling for analysis. Almost 52% were women, 61% were aged <55 years, and 19% had witnessed an out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. Proportions ever trained were 57% in chest‐compression‐only CPR, 59% in CPR, and 19.4% in PAD use. Most with training in any resuscitation technique had trained at work (54.7%). Compared with people not trained, those trained in PAD use said they were more likely to use one (odds ratio: 2.61), and those trained in CPR or chest‐compression‐only CPR were more likely to perform it (odds ratio: 5.39). Characteristics associated with being trained in any resuscitation technique included youth, female sex, higher social grade, and full‐time employment. Conclusions In the United Kingdom, training makes a difference in people's willingness to act in the event of a cardiac arrest. Although there is considerable opportunity to increase the proportion of the general population trained in CPR, consideration should be also given to encouraging training in PAD use and targeting training for those who are older or from lower social grades.
Molecular Typing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Strains in Sweden from 1996 to 2017 and the Emergence of a New P1 Cytadhesin Gene, Variant 2e

Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes respiratory infections, such as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), with epidemics recurring every 3 to 7 years. In 2010 and 2011, many countries experienced an extraordinary epidemic peak. ABSTRACT Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes respiratory infections, such as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), with epidemics recurring every 3 to 7 years. In 2010 and 2011, many countries experienced an extraordinary epidemic peak. The cause of these recurring epidemics is not understood, but decreasing herd immunity and shifts in the strains’ antigenic properties have been suggested as contributing factors. M. pneumoniae PCR-positive samples were collected between 1996 and 2017 from four neighboring counties inhabited by 12% of Sweden’s population. A total of 578 isolates were characterized directly from 624 clinical samples using P1 typing by sequencing and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). A fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-PCR approach was also used to detect mutations associated with macrolide resistance in the 23S rRNA gene. Through P1 typing, the strains were classified into type 1 and type 2, as well as variants 2a, 2b, 2c, and a new variant found in nine of the strains, denoted variant 2e. Twelve MLVA types were distinguished, and 3-5-6-2 (42.4%), 4-5-7-2 (37.4%), and 3-6-6-2 (14.9%) predominated. Several P1 and MLVA types cocirculated each year, but type 2/variant 2 strains and MLVA types 3-5-6-2 and 4-5-7-2 predominated during the epidemic period comprising the peak of 2010 and 2011. In 2016 and 2017, type 1 became more common, and MLVA type 4-5-7-2 predominated. We also found that 0.2% (1/578) of the strains carried a macrolide resistance-associated mutation, indicating a very low prevalence of macrolide resistance in this region of Sweden.