Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hodge duality between stress space and strain space in anisotropic media

Duality in a linear elasticity theory is studied based on a theory of differential form. A generalized expression of a Hodge star operator with an index is introduced. The index in the Hodge star operator means a superposition of ordinary Hodge star operators. By using the superposed Hodge star operator, a linear constitutive relation in anisotropic media can be expressed as a duality between a stress and strain spaces. Then, a basic elastodynamic equation is derived from the conservation law and the linear constitutive relation in the stress and strain spaces. Moreover, a geometric expression of equation of stress function and displacement function is derived by using the differential form and the dual relation of linear constitutive relation. These geometric results imply that the approach of differential forms is applicable to an analysis of deformation in anisotropic media. The superposed Hodge star operator discussed in this study has similar properties of a discrete Hodge operator, which represents the summation of differential forms on the decomposed regions. This means that the superposed Hodge star operator and the discrete Hodge operator express the constitutive relation in which physical quantities act on each other.
The effects of CYP1A2 and ADORA2A genotypes association with acute caffeine intake on physiological effects and performance: A systematic review

Introduction: This systematic review aims to examine the effects of the CYP1A2 −163C>A and ADORA2A 1976T>C polymorphism on physiological effects and performance relative to caffeine consumption. Material and Methods: In this study, electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Korean Journal Database, Russian Science Citation Index, SciELO Citation Index, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest Dissertations & Thesis Global and EBSCO were searched. Results: The results highlight that individuals with the TT or CT/CC genotype can have differences in caffeine consumption, and C carriers may have increases in the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). The AA or AC/CC genotypes can have different caffeine consumption and VO2max. In four studies, TT or CT/CC either in AA or CC genotype had different physiological effects. Regardless of the amount of caffeine (3 mg/kg-5 mg/kg), Carriers of the C allele in the genotype ADORA2A gene have higher sports performance. Six studies revealed a significant correlation between the AA genotype and performance following caffeine intake. Conclusions: Genotype variations in ADORA2A and CYP1A2 may modulate the ergogenic effects of caffeine, but some physiological effects can occur for different genotypes.
Magnetospheric accretion and spin‐down of the prototypical classical T Tauri star AA Tau

From observations collected with the ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) and with the NARVAL spectropolarimeter at the Telescope Bernard Lyot (TBL), we report the detection of Zeeman signatures on the prototypical classical T Tauri star (cTTS) AA Tau, both in photospheric lines and accretion-powered emission lines. Using time series of unpolarized and circularly polarized spectra, we reconstruct at two epochs maps of the magnetic field, surface brightness and accretion-powered emission of AA Tau. We find that AA Tau hosts a 2 − 3 kG magnetic dipole tilted at ' 20 � to the rotation axis, and of presumably dynamo origin. We also show that the magnetic poles of AA Tau host large cool spots at photospheric level and accretion regions at chromospheric level. The accretion rate at the surface AA Tau at the time of our observations (esti- mated from the emission in the He i D3 line mainly) is strongly variable, ranging from −9.6 to −8.5 and equal to −9.2 in average (in logarithmic scale and in Myr −1 ); this is an order of magnitude smaller than the disc accretion rate at which the magnetic truncation radius (below which the disc is disrupted by the stellar magnetic field) matches the corotation radius (where the Keplerian period equals the stellar rotation period) - a necessary condition for accretion to occur. It suggests that AA Tau is largely in the propeller regime, with most of the accreting material in the inner disc regions being expelled outwards and only a small fraction accreted towards the surface of the star. The strong variability in the observed surface mass-accretion rate and the systematic time-lag of optical occultations (by the warped accretion disc) with respect to magnetic and accretion-powered emission maxima also support this conclusion. Our results imply that AA Tau is being actively spun-down by the star-disc mag- netic coupling and appears as an ideal laboratory for studying angular momentum losses of forming Suns in the propeller regime.
INTERVALO RESPIRATORIO Y DESPLAZAMIENTOS DE MANATÍES ANTILLANOS Trichechus manatus manatus (SIRENIA). COMPARACIÓN ENTRE LAS TEMPORADAS SECA Y LLUVIOSA EN UNA LAGUNA AISLADA

RESUMEN: La epoca seca reduce el tirante de agua en sistemas fluviolagunares del sur del Golfo de Mexico asociados a grandes rios y limita el acceso al alimento en manaties antillanos (Trichechus manatus manatus) que permanecen en estos sistemas. Para determinar si la actividad de los animales cambia entre las temporadas de secas (baja disponibilidad de alimento) y lluvias, se registraron los desplazamientos y el intervalo respiratorio de manaties equipados con radiotransmisores tipo VHF, en dichas temporadas, en “Laguna de las Ilusiones”, Tabasco, Mexico, en sesiones de 40 minutos, intercalando las observaciones entre manana y tarde. El trabajo se realizo en 2009, en los meses de mayo a julio (secas) y de septiembre a noviembre (lluvias). Las observaciones se hacian a 200 m del animal. El promedio de desplazamientos en secas fue 739.3 ± 163.8 m (n = 5) y para lluvias 928.4 ± 252.2m (n = 23). En secas el intervalo respiratorio fue 144.39 ± 19.57 segundos (n = 5) y en lluvias de 40.37 ± 9.114 segundos (n = 25), la variabilidad se estimo generando submuestras bootstrap (n = 1.000) a partir de las muestras originales. Se obtuvieron 500 submuestras de 5 elementos de los resultados de lluvias y se contrastaron con las muestras de secas con la Prueba Poderosa de Rangos Ordenados, obteniendose diferencias significativas (P < 0.05) en 64 y 433 de las 500 simulaciones para los desplazamientos e intervalo respiratorio. Los datos apoyan la idea de que los manaties estuvieron menos activos en secas. El estres energetico en la epoca seca puede ser minimizado por una reduccion en la actividad para economizar energia, sin embargo, esta baja de actividad hace a los manaties mas propensos a las colisiones con embarcaciones y otras amenazas.
FAILED GROWTH AT THE BOUNCING BARRIER IN PLANETESIMAL FORMATION

In laboratory experiments, we studied collisions of ensembles of compact (filling factor = 0.33) millimeter dust aggregates composed of micrometer quartz grains. We used cylindrical aggregates, triangular aggregates, square aggregates, and rectangular aggregates. Ensembles of equal size aggregates as well as ensembles with embedded larger aggregates were studied. The typical collision velocities are 10–20 mm s−1. High spatial and temporal resolution imaging unambiguously shows that individual collisions lead to sticking with a high probability of 20%. This leads to connected clusters of aggregates. The contact areas between two aggregates increase with collision velocity. However, this cluster growth is only temporary, as subsequent collisions of aggregates and clusters eventually lead to the detachment of all aggregates from a cluster. The contacts are very fragile as aggregates cannot be compressed further or fragment under our experimental conditions to enhance the contact stability. Therefore, the evolution of the ensemble always leads back to a distribution of individual aggregates of initial size. This supports and extends earlier experiments showing that a bouncing barrier in planetesimal formation would be robust against shape and size variations.
STAR CLUSTERS IN M31. V. INTERNAL DYNAMICAL TRENDS: SOME TROUBLESOME, SOME REASSURING

We present internal velocity dispersions and precise radial velocities for 200 globular clusters (GCs) in M31 that are derived using new high-resolution spectra from MMT/Hectochelle. Of these, 163 also have King model structural parameters that allow us to estimate their mass-to-light ratios. This is, by far, the largest such data set available for any galaxy, including the Milky Way. These data strongly confirm earlier suggestions that the optical and near-infrared mass-to-light ratios of M31 GCs decline with increasing metallicity. This behavior is the opposite of that predicted by stellar population models for a standard initial mass function. We show that this phenomenon does not appear to be caused by standard dynamical evolution. A shallower mass function for metal-rich GCs (with dN/dM∝M−0.8–M−1.3 below 1 M☉) can explain the bulk of extant observations. We also observe a consistent, monotonic correlation between mass-to-light ratio and cluster mass. This correlation, in contrast to the correlation with metallicity, is well explained by the accepted model of dynamical evolution of GCs through mass segregation and the preferential loss of low-mass stars, and these data are among the best available to constrain this process.
Modeling and Simulation of Hourly Irradiance for Solar Applications in Chad: Case of the City of Abeche

In this paper, the general objective is to model and simulate the hourly irradiance followed by an assessment of the solar potential in the city of Abeche located in the climatic region of the Republic of Chad. Unlike previous work carried out in the study area on solar irradiance, two hourly solar irradiance estimation models (Capderou and Liu&Jordan) were simulated at varying tilt angles. An analysis of the quality of their estimation is carried out through statistical methods (MBD, RMSD, MAD) of error calculation. The results show that the first model is well adapted on a horizontal surface to estimate the solar radiation and also during the dry season when the surface is inclined. On the other hand, the second model is preferred during the rainy season when the surface is inclined. The solar energy over the entire area of Abeche is estimated at 427 GWh on a horizontal surface in January and 504 GWh for the month of August on a tilted surface. This can be exploited by all solar technologies or applications.
The Gut Microbiota at Different Developmental Stages of Apis cerana Reveals Potential Probiotic Bacteria for Improving Honeybee Health

Honeybees play a vital role in the ecological environment and agricultural economy. Increasing evidence shows that the gut microbiome greatly influences the host’s health. Therefore, a thorough understanding of gut bacteria composition can lead to the development of probiotics specific for each development stage of honeybees. In this study, the gut microbiota at different developmental stages (larvae, pupae, and adults) of the honeybees Apis cerana in Hanoi, Vietnam, was assessed by sequencing the V3–V4 region in the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina Miseq platform. The results indicated that the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota varied over the investigated stages of A. cenara. All three bee groups showed relative abundance at both phylum and family levels. In larvae, Firmicutes were the most predominant (81.55%); however, they decreased significantly along with the bee development (33.7% in pupae and 10.3% in adults) in favor of Proteobacteria. In the gut of adult bees, four of five core bacteria were found, including Gilliamella apicola group (34.01%) Bifidobacterium asteroides group (10.3%), Lactobacillus Firm-4 (2%), and Lactobacillus Firm-5 (1%). In contrast, pupae and larvae lacked almost all core bacteria except G. apicola (4.13%) in pupae and Lactobacillus Firm-5 (4.04%) in larvae. This is the first report on the gut microbiota community at different developmental stages of A. cerana in Vietnam and provides potential probiotic species for beekeeping.
Quality of Education in Public and Daanish Schools at Secondary Level

Quality has been considered a major component of education. The said research paper was designed to compare the Quality of education between Daanish and Public High Schools. Furthermore, the Quality was checked by four factors; Quality of Administration, Infrastructure, Teaching Staff, and Quality of Curriculum. By nature, it was survey type research. The population of that quantitative study was all the male and female teachers of public high schools and Daanish schools & Center of Excellence in Division Dera Ghazi Khan. The study sample was 196 teachers from Daanish schools and 457 teachers from public high schools. Data were collected by a five-point Likert scale with 50 statements and analyzed through SPSS V23; a t-test was used to compare the Quality of education between Daanish and public schools. It was found that quality of education was better in Daanish schools than in Public High Schools; with this, Quality of administration was better in Daanish schools, Quality of infrastructure, Quality of teaching staff, and Quality of the curriculum better in Daanish schools. Danish schools should be taken as a modal to improve the Quality of education in public schools.
CHARACTERIZING THE SHARDS OF DISRUPTED MILKY WAY SATELLITES WITH LAMOST

We derive the fraction of substructure in the Galactic halo using a sample of over 10,000 spectroscopically confirmed halo giant stars from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) spectroscopic survey. By observing 100 synthetic models along each line of sight with the LAMOST selection function in that sky area, we statistically characterize the expected halo populations. We define as Stellar Halo Accretion Related Debris Structures (SHARDS) any stars in excesses above the model predictions. We find that at least 10% of the Milky Way (MW) halo stars from LAMOST are part of SHARDS. By running our algorithm on smooth halos observed with the LAMOST selection function, we show that the LAMOST data contain excess substructure over all Galactocentric radii kpc, beyond what is expected due to statistical fluctuations and incomplete sampling of a smooth halo. The level of substructure is consistent with the fraction of stars in SHARDS in model halos created entirely from accreted satellites. This work illustrates the potential of vast spectroscopic surveys with high filling factors over large sky areas to recreate the merging history of the MW.
ELM control with RMP: plasma response models and the role of edge peeling response

Resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP) have extensively been demonstrated as a plausible technique for mitigating or suppressing large edge localized modes (ELMs). Associated with this is a substantial amount of theory and modelling efforts during recent years. Various models describing the plasma response to the RMP fields have been proposed in the literature, and are briefly reviewed in this work. Despite their simplicity, linear response models can provide alternative criteria, than the vacuum field based criteria, for guiding the choice of the coil configurations to achieve the best control of ELMs. The role of the edge peeling response to the RMP fields is illustrated as a key indicator for the ELM mitigation in low collisionality plasmas, in various tokamak devices.
Endophytic actinomycetes from mangrove plant \(\textit{Avicennia marina}\) in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam: distribution, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant activities

Mangrove endophytes have recently gained considerable attention due to their diversity and abundance of novel bioactive secondary metabolites. Despite the fact that Streptomyces species are producers of more than 75% of commercialized antibiotics, Streptomyces associated with the extremely widespread mangrove plant Avicennia marina remain poorly characterized. In this study, nine actinomycetes were isolated from A. marina growing in a mangrove forest, as yet unexplored, of Quang Ninh province, Vietnam. Phylogenetic analysis of actinomycetes-specific 16S rRNA sequences indicated that they were subjected to five Streptomyces species including Streptomyces cacaoi, Streptomyces californicus, Streptomyces enissocaesillis, Streptomyces coelicoflavus, and Streptomyces variabilis, which have not been previously reported in mangrove plants. Among them, S. cacaoi AM1 showed strong inhibition effects against six tested pathogenic bacteria with inhibitory zones ranging from 7.5−22.3 mm. Using standard 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, 100 µg/mL ethyl acetate extract of AM1 showed potent cytotoxicity against breast cancer MCF-7 and lung cancer A549 cell lines with cell viability of 16.5 ± 1.28% and 17.69 ± 2.3%, respectively. As for antioxidant activities, AM1 extract exhibited strong antioxidant activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical (92.4 ± 0.004%) and superoxide anion radical (42.4 ± 0.019%), which were positively correlated to high polyphenol (84.3 ± 3.4 µg GAE/g FW) and flavonoid (34.9 ± 4.8 µg QE/g FW) contents. These findings indicated that S. cacaoi AM1 could be a promising reservoir of antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant agents. This is the first report of mangrove endophytic Streptomyces derived from A. marina.
Interferometric Orbit Determination System for Geosynchronous SAR Missions: Experimental Proof of Concept

Future Geosynchronous Synthetic Aperture Radar (GEOSAR) missions will provide permanent monitoring of continental areas of the planet with revisit times of less than 24 h. Several GEOSAR missions have been studied in the USA, Europe, and China with different applications, including water cycle monitoring and early warning of disasters. GEOSAR missions require unprecedented orbit determination precision in order to form focused Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO). A precise orbit determination technique based on interferometry is proposed, including a proof of concept based on an experimental interferometer using three antennas separated 10–15 m. They provide continuous orbit observations of present communication satellites operating at GEO as illuminators of opportunity. The relative phases measured between the receivers are used to estimate the satellite position. The experimental results prove the interferometer is able to track GEOSAR satellites based on the transmitted signals. This communication demonstrates the consistency and feasibility of the technique in order to foster further research with longer interferometric baselines that provide observables delivering higher orbital precision.
Sharing their ideas with the world: The views and voices of young children

Following a report from the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child Monitoring Group in 2017 noting that in Aotearoa New Zealand children’s views were not being sought in matters regarding their school, play and feelings of safety, the Children’s Commissioner conducted research with school-aged children seeking their related perspectives. However, young children’s perspectives, those under 5 years old, have not been included in this research. Concurrently, this researcher sought to learn more about children of her new community having recently relocated to Aotearoa New Zealand. In response to these two circumstances this small-scale study presents the views and voices of 12 young children regarding when and how they learn, how they participate in their communities and their hopes for the future.
Phomoxanthone A, Compound of Endophytic Fungi Paecilomyces sp. and Its Potential Antimicrobial and Antiparasitic

The present work reports the isolation and biological evaluation of three dimeric xanthones from Paecilomyces sp. EJC01.1 isolated as endophytic from Schnella splendens, a typical plant of the Amazon. The compounds phomoxanthone A (1), phomoxanthone B (2) and dicerandrol B (3) were isolated by chromatographic procedures and identified by spectroscopic methods of 1D and 2D NMR and MS. The extracts and compound 1 showed antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The compound phomoxanthone A (1) showed greater inhibitory activity against B. subtilis (MIC of 7.81 µg mL−1); in addition, it also pronounced inhibitory effect against promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis (IC50 of 16.38 ± 1.079 µg mL−1) and epimastigote forms Trypanosoma cruzi (IC50 of 28.61 ± 1.071 µg mL−1). To provide more information about the antibacterial activity of compound 1, an unprecedented molecular docking study was performed using S-ribosyl-homocysteine lyase (LuxS) (PDB ID 2FQO), which showed a possible interaction of phomoxanthone A with two of the residues (His58 and Cys126) that are fundamental for the catalysis mechanism in B. subtilis, which may be associated with the higher activity, when compared to other bacteria, observed in experimental studies. Additionally, quantum studies (DFT) were performed, for which a low gap value (5.982 eV) was observed, which corroborates the reactivity of phomoxanthone A. Thus, phomoxanthone A can be a good agent against pathogenic bacteria.
A consistency relation for the CMB B-mode polarization in the squeezed limit

A large-scale temperature perturbation has a non-zero correlation with the power spectrum of B-modes of cosmological origin on short scales while the corresponding correlation is expected to be zero for B-modes sourced by galactic foregrounds. We thus compute the squeezed limit of a three-point function in which one correlates the temperature fluctuations at large scales with two polarization modes at small scales. In the particular case of the B-mode polarization we obtain a relation that connects the squeezed limit of the TBB three-point function with the cosmological B-mode power spectrum, which can be used as a consistency relation. This could in principle help to distinguish a primordial signal from that induced by inter-stellar dust.
Collapsing and essential coverings

In the present paper, we consider the family of all compact Alexandrov spaces with curvature bound below having a definite upper diameter bound of a fixed dimension. We introduce the notion of essential coverings by contractible metric balls, and provide a uniform bound on the numbers of contractible metric balls forming essential coverings of the spaces in the family. In particular, this gives another view for Gromov's Betti number theorem.