Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interdigitated Microelectrode Arrays

In this work we present an approach for the use of phages as bioreceptors for bacteria detection in a microfluidic cell by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). With this aim, the biocomponent has been immobilized on interdigitated gold microelectrodes with the phyisorption technique. The three electrodes (reference electrode, counter electrode and work electrode) are integrated on the same chip and a microfluidic cell is used. We have shown that chip is stable in liquid medium for several hours. For the detection side, the interaction of E.coli bacteria with T4 phages shows an increase of the impedance. A detection limit of 103 CFU mL-1 was obtained with good reproducibility. for pathogen detection, monitoring the changes in the average conductivity caused by bacterial growth / metabolism, or the changes in the electrode-solution interface due to micro-organisms nonspecific or specific adsorption [3,4]. Bacterial cells were immuno-sensed by EIS using interdigitated microelectrodes with detection limits of 104 CFU ml-1 for Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium analyzed in saline solution [5-7]. In these works, bacteria captured on top of or between the electrode fingers behaved as insulator elements and negatively affected electron transfer. Detection in more complex environments, such as culture media or in the presence of non-target bacteria, generated a large background signal, attributed by the authors to non-specific biocomponent adsorbed on the sensor surface. Mejri et al. and Shabani et al. [3,8] proposed a unique alternative for EIS bacteria biosensing, based on the use of bacteriophages, instead of antibodies. Phage production is possible in an easier, faster, and cheaper way than antibody (Ab) production, and does not depend on the use of animals, which makes them promising tools in biosensing [9,10]. In their work, they performed EIS measurements for bacteria detection using phages. Interestingly, they registered not only an increase in electrolyte resistance caused by the bacterial recognition by phages, but also a simultaneous decrease in charge-transfer resistance caused by the bacterial infection and lysis and the sensor had a reported detection limit of 104 CFU ml-1 in saline buffer. But in their work, they were using an impedance analyser with a conventional one-compartment voltammetric cell with a three-electrode configuration separated. We now go a step further; in this work, we miniaturized the Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology J o u r n a l o f N an om edicine & Natechn o l o g y ISSN: 2157-7439 Citation: Baccar H, Mejri MB, Prehn R, del Campo RJ, Baldrich E, et al. (2014) Interdigitated Microelectrode Arrays Integrated in Microfluidic Cell for Biosensor Applications. J Nanomed Nanotechnol 5: 243. doi: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000243
HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES, SERUM PROTEINS, GLUCOSE LEVELS AND HISTOLOGY OF HEART IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS CO-ADMINISTERED WITH CHLOROQUINE AND CEFUROXIME

The effects of co-administration of chloroquine (CQ) and cefuroxime (CE) on albino Wistar rats were investigated. The study included assays of haematological indices, total protein, globulin, albumin and glucose level. Histology of the heart was also investigated. Results obtained revealed that significant (P<0.05) decrease occurred in total protein and albumin in groups treated with CQ alone and total protein and globulin in groups treated with CE alone when compared with control. Also significant (P<0.05) increase occurred in total protein and globulin in group treated with both CE and CQ when compared with control. Significant increases occurred in globulin in group treated with CQ alone when compared to control. Glucose level decreased significantly (P<0.05) in all the treated groups compared to the control. There were significant (P<0.05) increases in red blood cells (RBC), haematocrit (HCT) and significant (P<0.05) decreases in mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) in all the treated groups compared to control. Photomicrographs of the heart indicated stretched cardiac muscular walls with prominent nuclei following co-administration of CQ and CE. Proper caution must be taken in drug administration either as a single medication or in combination with other medications.
IDENTIFICATION OF C/T GENETIC MARKER IN AUTOSOMAL POLYCYSTIC KIDENY DISEASE AMONG SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION (MADURAI)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common disease among different population in worldwide. Mutations in the PKD1 gene on 16p13.3 are responsible for ~85% of cases of polycytic kidney disease. Until now, more than 1000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) have been reported as genetic marker in different population. Hence, the study aimed to C/T polymorphism in PKD1 gene. Three hundred South Indian patients with clinically proven ADPKD were selected for C/T (PKD1 gene) gene polymorphism is identified with PCR, RFLP. Allelic frequency calculated using Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p+q=1) and the significant difference is found by chi-square test. C/T polymorphism at position 4058 in exon 45 of the PKD1 gene with ADPKD revealed that “TT”, “CT” genotype and frequency mutant allele “T” is found to be significantly (at p<0.001) higher in patients compare to control subjects. The study concluded that, C/T transition mutation in exon 45 among South Indian patients is described. It is a single nucleotide polymorphism and autosomal dominant mutation, which is found to be equal distribution in both male and female. It is also demonstrated that “two –hit model of cytogenesis due to not only mutation in PKD1 also includes mutation in PKD2.
Medication adherence and Its Correlates among Diabetic Patients in Central Hospital, warri, nigeria

INTRODUCTION: Adhering to medication in the course of the treatment of diabetes requires significant patient involvement to maintain appropriate glucose control. Glucose control is directly related to adherence to a variety of treatment regimes, of which medication adherence is one of the most significant, lack of knowledge about the complications of the disease following non adherence and the importance of adhering to the prescribed medication is a barrier to adherence behavior. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine the level of adherence with medications by respondents and to ascertain the reasons for non-adherence. METHODS: A quantitative prospective survey of 300 diabetic patients that attended the Medical Outpatient Department of Central Hospital Warri was undertaken. RESULTS: The study revealed that the level of adherence to anti-diabetic medications was 59.7%. The major reasons for non-adherence were forgetfulness by the respondents to take their medications and high cost of medications. CONCLUSION: The level of adherence among diabetic patients in this study was 59.7% thus indicating the need for patients counseling and education.
Hepcidin Level and Iron Status in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Patients

Hepcidin regulates the levels of iron in the body by preventing the body from absorbing more iron than is needed from food or supplements, and blocks the export of iron from cells. The aim of this work to assess the hepcidin level and its relation to, inflammatory status, hemoglobin level, and iron status in patients with ESRD. Seventy eight persons were included in this study. They were matched for age, sex & were divided into: 58 patients with ESRD maintained on regular hemodialysis (HDx), 4 hrs. three times weekly, 20 healthy subjects as a control group. All subjects of the study were subjected to the full history taking, including history of iron and EPO intake, complete clinical examination and laboratory investigation. Patients on regular hemodialysis Receiving intravenous iron have no significant difference in hepcidin level than those in control group. There was an inverse correlation between serum hepcidin and, Hb, AST, and S. iron. Also, there was a positive correlation between hepcidin and S.Cr. , urea, calcium, phosphorous, PTH, TIBC, and serum ferritin. We concluded that the difference between level of hepcidin in the studied anemic sample has no significant difference when compared to the normal controls. [Tarek El Baz, Fawzy Hamed, Amr Mohab, Abdallah Mahmoud, Magdy El-Said, Osama Khamis, Amgad Awad, Haytham Sabry and Ashraf Abd Al-Monem. Hepcidin Level and Iron Status in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Patients. J Am Sci 2018;14(10):58-64]. ISSN 1545-1003 (print); ISSN 2375-7264 (online). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 7. doi:10.7537/marsjas141018.07.
Service Quality of Public Hospitals in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Outpatient Perspective

Health care service is not satisfactory in many in many countries of the world . Although service quality is one of the central research fields in the field of service marketing, the service delivery complained by quality issues. This study aimed that evaluating the perceived quality of service delivery of public hospitals, in Amhara region, Ethiopia. The subject of the study is outpatients of the hospital selected conveniently. The data collected by selfadministered questionnaire was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, ttest to compare the mean difference of perception of outpatients who come from urban are to rural area. To check multidimensionality of the service quality CFA was employed and SEM also applied to evaluate the relationship of the dimensions with service quality. The result of this study indicated that the perceived qualities of the hospitals are below average level. Both of rural and urban people had same understanding about the service quality. Alike other service sector the CFA result indicated that multidimensionality of the service quality in public health care organizations. As per the SEM result the structure model have good fit index and show all dimension have positive relationship with Service quality.
EFFECTS OF CURCUMA LONGA L., CURCUMA AROMATICA SALISB., ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSC. EXTRACT ON INFLAMMATORY TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT PAIN IN RAT’S

Objective: Zingiberaceae plants(Curcuma longa L. (C.L), Curcuma aromatica Salisb. (C.A) and Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Z.O)) which are well known as effects of anti-inflammation or anti-nociception. We investigated that the Zingiberaceae plants are involved in control of inflammatory temporomandibular joint(TMJ) pain in rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 240-280 g were used in this study. Experiments were carried out using inflammatiry pain model that was caused by the injection of 5% formalin into the TMJ(30 μl). The number of scratching or rubbing to the injection site was recorded for 9 consecutive 5-minute intervals following injection of formalin. The experimental groups were separated into temporomandibular joint pain; control group (formalin, 5%), vehicle group (5% formalin after sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), single administration group, single mixed administration group, repeated administration group. The experiments were carried out various concentrations of Zingiberaceae plants extract. Results: Consequently, oral administration of C.L, C.A, and Z.O (p.o., concentrations of 12.5, 25 mg/ml) in inflammatory pain model significantly decrease the nociceptive behavior in a concentration dependent manner. And it tended to decrease at low concentration (6.25 mg/ml) of single mixed and repeated administration more than single administration. Conclusions: These results suggest that C.L, C.A, and Z.O extract administration regulate the inflammatory TMJ pain. Therefore, C.L, C.A, and Z.O extract may be a potential therapeutic treatment for inflammatory TMJ pain. KEYWORD: Curcuma longa L. , Curcuma aromatica Salisb. , Zingiber officinale Rosc. , TMJ, Inflammation. *Corresponding Author: Dr. Min Kyung Lee Dept. of Biomedical Health Science, Dong Eui University.
Isolation and Partial Characterization of Amylase Producing Bacillus sp. from Soil

Isolated Bacillus strains BA1 and BA2 were a good source of amylase as they also showed high amylolytic activity. Both showed a clear zone on starch agar plate of 4.0 & 4.2mm in diameter respectively. The strain BA1 and BA2 produce amount of amylolytic enzyme 0. 908μ/ml and 0. 802μ/ml after the incubation of 24 hours at 37±2 0 C respectively. As the time of incubation increase the amylolytic activity decrease. Both the isolated Bacillus strains were producing amylase was novel and makes it potential for industrial application.
Clinical and Laboratory Studies on Chicken Isolates of Clostridium Perfringens in El-Behera, Egypt. J. World's Poult. Res. 5(2): 21-28

Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt Animal Health Research Institute, Damnhour, Egypt *Corresponding author`s Email: ahmedragabm2005@yahoo.com Received: 10 June, 2015 Accepted: 21 June, 2015 ABSTRACT Clostridial infections are important concern to poultry industry because of severe economic losses and increased mortalities. This study was carried to investigate the current situation of C. Perfringens infection in commercial broiler and layer chickens in El-Behera governorate, Egypt. The molecular identification of the genes of different toxins for the isolated C. Perfringens as well as the in-vitro and the in-vivo antibiotic sensitivity testing and the experimental reproduction of necrotic enteritis were done. A total of 198 intestinal and liver samples were collected from chickens suffering from diarrhea from 40 flocks (31 commercial broilers, 3 commercial layers, 3 local cross breeders and 3 broiler breeder flocks). The rate of isolation was 72.1% of totally examined flocks and 65.1% of totally collected samples. In-vitro sensitivity test for 5 types A C. Perfringens isolates showed that isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin, metronidazole, and florfenicol. Three isolates of type A C. Perfringens were chosen for experimental reproduction of necrotic enteritis and for antibiotic testing in-vivo and the results showed no statistical differences in clinical signs, post-mortem lesions, histopathological changes, re-isolation rate, average body weight and liver function tests among all the 3 isolates of type A C. Perfringens. Amoxicillin and metronidazole were better than florfenicol in the treatment of such conditions.
Serum Levels of cytokines in poly-transfused patients with Beta-Thalassemia major: Relationship to splenectomy

Beta thalassemia is the most common chronic haemolytic anemia in Egypt. A major cause of morbidity and mortality in β-thalassemic patients is infections, assumed to be the result of immunological changes. Cytokines production by immune cells is superior representative of phenotypes and functions of lymphocytes, but results of previous researches are not satisfactory and in some cases are controversial, due to differences in their experimental designs. So the aim of this study was to determine the possible defect, we investigated the cytokine IL-2 and IL-8 productions by blood cells of β-thalassemic patients. The study was conducted on fifty one patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia major (23 of them were splenectomized group 1), who attending the Haematology Clinic, New Paediatric Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. Beside 17 healthy subjects served as control, with the same age matched group. All subjects were subjected to: full clinical examination, complete blood counting, liver function tests, and renal function tests. Determination of IL-2 was done by an immunoenzymometric assay for the quantitative measurement (Biosource IL-2 EASIA kit), and Determination of IL-8 by AviBion Human Interleukin-8 ELISA kits. The result showed that, there were significant increase (P <0 .05) in the serum level of IL-8 among group 1(mean level was 526.4 ± 65.7 U/ml) as compared to control group (mean level was 208.67 ± 35.53 pg/ml) as well as group 2 (mean level was 438.21 ± 58.063 pg/ml). Also group 2 had significant increase (P <0 .05) in the serum level of IL-8 as compared to control group. While, the levels of serum IL-2 showed no significant changes (P >0 .05) between the thalassaemic groups as well as the control group. In conclusion, the study revealed that beta-thalassemia major patients had increased level of IL-8 which was more prominent in splenectomized patients. The potential role of IL-8 and the interactions between different cytokines in thalassaemic patients require further investigation. Multi-transfusions could be responsible for a change in circulating cytokines that could contribute to a state of partial immune deficiency in betathalassaemic patients, which is more prominence among the splenectomized patient. [Mohga Shfik, Hayat Sherada, Yehia Shaker, Mie Afify, Howayda Ali Sobeh and Samar Moustafa Serum Levels of cytokines in poly-transfused patients with Beta-Thalassemia major: Relationship to splenectomy. Journal of American Science 2011; 7(1):973-979]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org.
Comparative Study of Anti-Bacterial Effect of Modified Chlorhexidine, Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis Bacteria in an Experimental Study

Sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine are materials that are usually used as root canal irrigants for disinfection of root canal and cleaning it. With adding surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate modified chlorhexidine finds tissue solubility effect; thus in this study, we consider effect of ant property of this material on Enterococcus faecalis in experimental condition. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, pure colonies of Enterococcus faecalis were cultivated in BHI and then they were diluted. Next, CS 0.85% with turbidity rate of 0.5 MacFarlane was provided and then from 24 cell growth medium, 1 ml is added into each plate. 2 ml from each under tested solutions were mixed for 10 second by ultrasonic with suspension of bacteria and after certain times, then from each case, 1ml was taken and added into test tube in which fresh BHI was mixed with counteractive material of each irrigants. Finally, their turbidity rate was measured and then it was statistically analyzed. Results: There is no significant difference between chlorhexidine 1%, chlorhexidine 2%, chlorhexidine 2%, and modified chlorhexidine -0.2%. They all belong to one group. In addition, there is no significant difference between hip 5.5% and sodium hypochlorite 2.5%. However, there is significant difference. Conclusion: Results of the study indicated that using 2% SLS+ 0.2% CHXcan have similar effect as 1%-2% chlorhexidine and have 0.2% anti-bacterial effect.
Cut Throat Injuries: The Socio-Demographic Pattern, Causes, and Outcome at Tertiary Care Hospital of North India

Introduction: Cut throat injuries are quite common in north India. These injuries can occur from an accident, homicide, and suicide. Data and literature on the incidence and proper management of such injuries are lacking from this part of India. Our study is to analyse the clinical profile, type of injury, management, morbidity and mortality of such injuries and demographic factors of patients with neck trauma. Material and methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, King George Medical University Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study included 30 Cut Throat injury patients who were brought to our department for treatment. The demographics of the patients, site, cause, and nature of the injury, and the type and outcome of treatment received were recorded and analysed. Results: Thirty patients of cut throat injuries were included in the study. Age range varied from 4 years to 50 years. There were 27(89.9%) males were 3(11.1%) females patients. Male to female ratio was 9:1. Most patients belong to lower middle class (kuppusamy classification). The most common cause of cut throat was accidental 11(37%) followed by homicidal 10(33%) and suicidal 9(30%). Most patients had zone II injuries. An emergency tracheostomy was done in 15 cases. 28 patients were discharged without tracheostomy tube. Average hospital stay was around 3 weeks. One patient died in follow-up. Conclusion: Cut throat injuries mainly involve young population and mostly males, thus has an economic impact in our society. Early tracheostomy not only secures the airway but prevents aspiration. Early and proper management in expert hands can prevent mortality and morbidity.
MI RNA-A BIOMARKER IN ORAL CANCER DETECTION

A percent of cancer populations is increasing sharply, the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has also been expected to increase. Cancer prevention is more important than treatment for overcoming increased cancer death in the future. Oral cancer is the most common cancer worldwide which continues to be the most prevalent cancer resulting from the consumption of tobacco and other carcinogenic products. A large part of cancer load in parts of India is formed from Oral cancer. Oral cancer is categorized into precancerous and cancerous stages. Precancerous stage includes Leukoplakia, Erythroplakia and Lichen Planus, while cancerous or malignant stage is Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Oral cancer development is a multistep process which arises from preexisting malignant lesions. Oral carcinogenesis is a highly complex, multistep process which involves accumulation of genetic alterations that lead to the induction of proteins promoting cell growth (encoded by oncogenes), increased enzymatic (telomerase) activity promoting cell proliferation.
Eigenfaces and Support Vector Machine Approaches for Hybrid Face Recognition

- Face Recognition has crucial effects in daily life especially for security purposes and their tasks are actively being used for many applications. In this study, we introduce a hybrid face recognition technique, consisting of two main parts namely feature extraction and classification. In the first part, as feature extracting techniques, we benefit from Eigenfaces method which is based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In the second part, after generating feature vectors, Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are utilized. We examined the classification accuracy according to three different SVM kernel types. For the test set, we focused on ORL face database including 400 images of 40 people. At the end of the overall recognition task, we have obtained the classification accuracy 91.2% with Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel for 240 image training set.
Detection of Measles Virus IgM Antibodies among Individuals Suspected of Measles in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Background of the study: Measles is an acute and highly contagious viral illness with universal occurrence. It is caused by measles virus. Measles virus (MV) is an enveloped virus belonging to the genus morbillivirus of the family-paramyxoviridae. It is transmitted by air-borne droplets. Measles is usually characterized by prodrome fever, maculopapular rash, with one or a combination of coryza, cough, conjunctivitis and Koplik’s spot. Objectives: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of anti-measles IgM among patients suspected of measles in Kaduna State. Methods: Six hundred and forty two (642) blood samples were tested for measles IgM antibody. Anti-measles Virus IgM was detected using ELISA Kits manufactured by Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics product GmbH, Germany. Results: Of the 642 blood samples tested 54% were positive for measles IgM in Kaduna state. Individuals under 5 years age group had the highest prevalence 47.5% followed by 6-10 years age group with 4.7% while the 21-25 years age group had the lowest prevalence of 0.3%. Igabi LGA recorded the highest prevalence of 11.4% followed by Lere LGA with 4.0%, whereas Kaura LGA had the lowest prevalence with 0.2%. Conclusion: The 54% prevalence of measles virus IgM in Kaduna state indicates that Measles is still a major health burden in Nigeria, affecting different age groups.