Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of grape berry indigenous epiphytic yeasts with in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity towards pathogenic fungi

During their lifespan, grapes are exposed to conditions that can endanger plant health, including fluctuating climate and infection by pests and insects. In particular, attacks by filamentous fungi represent huge annual losses for grape farmers. Present concerns about rising antimicrobial resistance, fungicide prohibitions and shifting consumer tastes are driving the search for less harmful ways of preventing damage to grapevine by pathogenic fungi. In this study, the antagonist activity of yeasts isolated from grape berry surface microbiota was assessed by in vitro and in vivo assays on an assortment of grapevine fungal pathogens, including Botrytis cinerea and Aspergillus niger. The results show that W. anomalus, A. pullulans, C. intermedia, R. glutinis, Z. meyerae and H. takashimae were able to inhibit by 75 to 100 % mycelia growth and sporulation of the filamentous fungi in vitro. Strains of M. pulcherrima and S. bacillaris also showed 50 to 75 % efficacy in reducing mould growth. The strains were further assessed on incised leaves of 2-month-old grapevines for their ability to reduce disease incidence by the filamentous fungi. W. anomalus, A. pullulans, M. pulcherrima, C. intermedia and R. glutinis significantly reduced infection symptoms in the leaves, indicating their potential as effective biocontrol yeasts in the vineyard.
Community Empowerment to Prevent Stunting Through Integrated Health Promotion in Cilayung Village, Jatinangor Sub-District

ABSTRACT Stunting is a growth disorder or a short (dwarf) child's height compared to his age standard. Of the problems that occurred in Cilayung Village, out of 517 toddlers, 12 experienced stunting and delays in thinking processes. This report provides an overview of community empowerment to increase community knowledge and skills in stunting prevention through integrated health promotion programs. This community empowerment program is carried out using a hybrid method. Preparatory activities are carried out offline and online, while extension and training implementation activities are carried out directly or offline. The results of the community empowerment program show that it can increase community knowledge and participation in efforts to prevent stunting in Cilayung Village, Jatinangor District. Much of the increase in public understanding and awareness is related to the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for infants, food processing for toddlers aged 2-5 years, maternal reproductive health and nutritious diets for children, and early stimulation for children in preventing stunting. The integrated stunting prevention health promotion program is expected to become one of the additional programs that aim to prevent stunting in Indonesia by developing capabilities and independence through community empowerment. Keywords: Community Empowerment, Health Promotion, Integrated Programs, Prevention, Stunting
Predicting Eucalyptus spp. stand volume in Zululand, South Africa: an analysis using a stochastic gradient boosting regression ensemble with multi-source data sets

Accurate, reliable, and up-to-date forest stand volume information is a prerequisite for a detailed evaluation of commercial forest resources and their sustainable management. Commercial forest responses to global climate change remain uncertain, and hence the mapping of stand volume as carbon sinks is fundamentally important in understanding the role of forests in stabilizing climate change effects. The aim of this study was to examine the utility of stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) and multi-source data to predict stand volume of a Eucalyptus plantation in South Africa. The SGB ensemble, random forest (RF), and stepwise multiple-linear regression (SMLR) were used to predict Eucalyptus stand volume and other related tree-structural attributes such as mean tree height and mean diameter at breast height (DBH). Multi-source data consisted of SPOT-5 raw spectral features (four bands), 14 spectral vegetation indices, rainfall data, and stand age. When all variables were used, the SGB algorithm showed that stand volume can be accurately estimated (R2 = 0.78 and RMSE = 33.16 m3 ha−1 (23.01% of the mean)). The competing RF ensemble produced an R2 value of 0.76 and a RMSE value of 37.28 m3 ha−1 (38.28% of the mean). SMLR on the other hand, produced an R2 value of 0.65 and an RMSE value of 42.50 m3 ha−1 (42.50% of the mean). Our study further showed that Eucalyptus mean tree height (R2 = 0.83 and RMSE = 1.63 m (9.08% of the mean)) and mean diameter at breast height (R2 = 0.74 and RMSE = 1.06 (7.89% of the mean)) can also be reasonably predicted using SGB and multi-source data. Furthermore, when the most important SGB model-selected variables were used for prediction, the predictive accuracies improved significantly for mean DBH (R2 = 0.81 and RMSE = 1.21 cm (6.12% of the mean)), mean tree height (R2 = 0.86 and RMSE = 1.39 m (7.02% of the mean)), and stand volume (R2 = 0.83 and RMSE = 29.58 m3 ha−1 (17.63% of the mean)). These results underscore the importance of integrating multi-source data with remotely sensed data for predicting Eucalyptus stand volume and related tree-structural attributes.
HIGHER ORDER NONLOCAL NONLINEAR BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

In this paper, we study the method of upper and lower so- lutions and develop the generalized quasilinearization technique for the existence and approximation of solutions to some three-point nonlocal boundary value problems associated with higher order fractional differ- ential equations of the type c D q 0+u(t) + f(t, u(t)) = 0, t 2 (0,1) u ' (0) = u ' (�), u '' (0) = 0, u ''' (0) = 0,. ,u (n−1) (0) = 0, u(1) = �u(�), where, n 1 < q < n, n(� 3) 2 N, 0 < �, ,� < 1 and c D q is the Caputo fractional derivative of order q. The nonlinear function f is assumed to be continuous.
MITIGATE TYPE II AGENCY CONFLICT THROUGH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND DISCLOSURE QUALITY

Empirical evidence on type II conflicts between controlling shareholders versus minority shareholders has not been extensively explored. This study gives new evidence on the agency conflict in a scenario of highly concentrated ownership. This study aims to examine the effect of Good Corporate Governance mechanism with quality of disclosure on concentrated ownership context The sample were drawn from companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The data were analyzed with panel data regression. The results shows that CG mechanisms negatively effects with DQ. However, looking at each individual variable, the study reveals that the audit committee and independence of audit committee are not significant. A possible reason is that companies' audit committee members have lack of accounting expertise and independence. These findings shed light on the concept of good CG enhances incentives for good DQ under highly concentrated ownership. It the effectiveness of CG mechanisms is likely to supplement regulation to protect investor rights and may prove to be useful for standard-setters as an important way to reduce agency conflicts.
Properties of a Single Amino Acid Residue in the Third Transmembrane Domain Determine the Kinetics of Ambient Light-Sensitive Channelrhodopsin

Channelrhodopsins have been utilized in gene therapy to restore vision in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and their channel kinetics are an important factor to consider in such applications. We investigated the channel kinetics of ComV1 variants with different amino acid residues at the 172nd position. Patch clamp methods were used to record the photocurrents induced by stimuli from diodes in HEK293 cells transfected with plasmid vectors. The channel kinetics (τon and τoff) were considerably altered by the replacement of the 172nd amino acid and was dependent on the amino acid characteristics. The size of amino acids at this position correlated with τon and decay, whereas the solubility correlated with τon and τoff. Molecular dynamic simulation indicated that the ion tunnel constructed by H172, E121, and R306 widened due to H172A variant, whereas the interaction between A172 and the surrounding amino acids weakened compared with H172. The bottleneck radius of the ion gate constructed with the 172nd amino acid affected the photocurrent and channel kinetics. The 172nd amino acid in ComV1 is a key residue for determining channel kinetics as its properties alter the radius of the ion gate. Our findings can be used to improve the channel kinetics of channelrhodopsins.
Breast Cancer Risk and Breast-Cancer-Specific Mortality following Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy in BRCA Carriers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Simple Summary Women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations are at increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer and often undergo operations to remove both their ovaries in order to prevent ovarian cancer. The impact of this operation on breast cancer risk is uncertain; thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine it. We found that this operation was not linked with a reduced risk of developing breast cancer when considering both BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers together but was linked with a reduced risk of breast cancer when considering BRCA2 carriers alone. If a woman had this operation after developing breast cancer, it was not related to a reduced chance of developing cancer in the other breast. However, it was associated with increased survival following breast cancer when considering BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers together and BRCA1 carriers alone. These findings may have important implications for counselling for women in the clinic. Abstract Background: Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is the gold standard method of ovarian cancer risk reduction, but the data are conflicting regarding the impact on breast cancer (BC) outcomes. This study aimed to quantify BC risk/mortality in BRCA1/BRCA2 carriers after RRSO. Methods: We conducted a systematic review (CRD42018077613) of BRCA1/BRCA2 carriers undergoing RRSO, with the outcomes including primary BC (PBC), contralateral BC (CBC) and BC-specific mortality (BCSM) using a fixed-effects meta-analysis, with subgroup analyses stratified by mutation and menopause status. Results: RRSO was not associated with a significant reduction in the PBC risk (RR = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.59–1.21) or CBC risk (RR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.65–1.39) in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers combined but was associated with reduced BC-specific mortality in BC-affected BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers combined (RR = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.18–0.39). Subgroup analyses showed that RRSO was not associated with a reduction in the PBC risk (RR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.68–1.17) or CBC risk (RR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.59–1.24) in BRCA1 carriers nor a reduction in the CBC risk in BRCA2 carriers (RR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.07–1.74) but was associated with a reduction in the PBC risk in BRCA2 carriers (RR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.41–0.97) and BCSM in BC-affected BRCA1 carriers (RR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.30–0.70). The mean NNT = 20.6 RRSOs to prevent one PBC death in BRCA2 carriers, while 5.6 and 14.2 RRSOs may prevent one BC death in BC-affected BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers combined and BRCA1 carriers, respectively. Conclusions: RRSO was not associated with PBC or CBC risk reduction in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers combined but was associated with improved BC survival in BC-affected BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers combined and BRCA1 carriers and a reduced PBC risk in BRCA2 carriers.
Ion acceleration by parallel propagating nonlinear Alfvén wave packets in a radially expanding plasma

Abstract. The numerical simulation of the nonlinear evolution of the parallel propagating Alfven waves in a radially expanding plasma is performed by using a kinetic-fluid model (the Vlasov–MHD model). In our study, both the nonlinear evolution of the Alfven waves and the radial evolution of the velocity distribution function (VDF) are treated simultaneously. On the other hand, important ion kinetic effects such as ion cyclotron damping and instabilities driven by the non-equilibrium ion velocity distributions are not included in the present model. The results indicate that the steepened Alfven wave packets outwardly accelerate ions, which can be observed as the beam components in the interplanetary space. The energy of imposed Alfven waves is converted into the longitudinal fluctuations by the nonlinear steepening and the nonlinear Landau damping. The wave shoaling due to the inhomogeneity of the phase velocity is also observed.
Plasmon-enhanced luminescence near noble-metal nanospheres: Comparison of exact theory and an improved Gersten and Nitzan model

We present a theoretical study of the modifications of the radiative and nonradiative decay rates of an optical emitter in close proximity to a noble-metal nanosphere, based on exact electrodynamical theory. We show that the optimal nanosphere diameter for luminescence quantum efficiency enhancement associated with resonant coupling to plasmon modes is in the range of $30--110\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, depending on the material properties. The optimal diameter is found to be a trade-off between (1) emitter-plasmon coupling, which is most effective for small spheres, and (2) the outcoupling of plasmons into radiation, which is most efficient for large spheres. In addition, we show that the well-known Gersten and Nitzan model does not describe the existence of a finite optimal diameter unless the model is extended with the correction factor for radiation damping. With this correction and a correction for dynamic depolarization, the mathematically simpler Gersten and Nitzan model provides a reasonably accurate approximation of the decay rate modifications associated with coupling to the dipole plasmon mode. We anticipate that the Gersten and Nitzan model in the form that we validate in this paper for spheres will allow the analytical investigation of the influence of shape anisotropy on plasmon-enhanced luminescence.
Reactor Safety Gap Evaluation of Accident-Tolerant Components and Severe Accident Analysis

Abstract The reactor accidents at Fukushima Daiichi have rekindled interest in light water reactor (LWR) severe accident phenomenology. Postevent analyses have identified several areas that may warrant additional research and development (R&D) to reduce modeling uncertainties and assist industry in the development of mitigation strategies and in the refinement of severe accident management guidelines to both prevent significant core damage given a beyond-design-basis event and mitigate source term release if core damage does occur. On these bases, a technology gap evaluation on accident-tolerant components and severe accident analysis methodologies was completed with the goal of identifying any data and/or knowledge gaps that may exist given the current state of LWR severe accident research and augmented by insights gained from recent analyses of the Fukushima Daiichi accident. The ultimate benefit of this activity is that the results can be used as a basis for refining research plans to address key knowledge gaps in severe accident phenomenology that affect reactor safety and that are not being directly addressed by the nuclear industry or the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. As a result of this study, 13 gaps were identified in the areas of severe accident—tolerant components and accident modeling. The results clustered in three main areas: (1) modeling and analysis of in-vessel melt progression phenomena, (2) emergency core cooling system equipment performance under beyond-design-basis accident conditions, and (3) ex-vessel debris coolability and core-concrete interaction behavior relevant to accident management actions. This paper provides a high-level summary of the methodology used for the evaluation, the identified gaps, and, finally, the appropriate R&D that may be completed to address the gaps.
Why Do People Discount? The Role of Impatience and Future Uncertainty

Despite the intuition that risk preferences affect intertemporal choice because the future is uncertain, time discounting is commonly regarded as a reflection of impatience. This interpretation of time discounting rests on the assumption that risk preferences are fully controlled for in the estimation of time discounting and no longer act as a confounder. However, the evidence provided in this paper contradicts this standard interpretation. Through an experiment, we show that despite accounting for the utility curvature—the established approach to control for risk preferences—about 43% of the observed time discounting can be explained by an aversion against future uncertainty rather than impatience. Future uncertainty, although small, receives disproportional weight because subjects engage in subproportional probability weighting, an important characteristic of risk preferences that does not feature in the standard risk framework of most intertemporal choice models. Our finding implies that many people do not demand compensation for their waiting time but rather for an uncertain future.
How does the design of landmarks on a mobile map influence wayfinding experts’ spatial learning during a real-world navigation task?

ABSTRACT Humans increasingly rely on GPS-enabled mobile maps to navigate novel environments. However, this reliance can negatively affect spatial learning, which can be detrimental even for expert navigators such as search and rescue personnel. Landmark visualization has been shown to improve spatial learning in general populations by facilitating object identification between the map and the environment. How landmark visualization supports expert users’ spatial learning during map-assisted navigation is still an open research question. We thus conducted a real-world study with wayfinding experts in an unknown residential neighborhood. We aimed to assess how two different landmark visualization styles (abstract 2D vs. realistic 3D buildings) would affect experts’ spatial learning in a map-assisted navigation task during an emergency scenario. Using a between-subjects design, we asked Swiss military personnel to follow a given route using a mobile map, and to identify five task-relevant landmarks along the route. We recorded experts’ gaze behavior while navigating and examined their spatial learning after the navigation task. We found that experts’ spatial learning improved when they focused their visual attention on the environment, but the direction of attention between the map and the environment was not affected by the landmark visualization style. Further, there was no difference in spatial learning between the 2D and 3D groups. Contrary to previous research with general populations, this study suggests that the landmark visualization style does not enhance expert navigators’ navigation or spatial learning abilities, thus highlighting the need for population-specific mobile map design solutions.
Linked interpolation for Reissner-Mindlin plate elements: Part I—A simple quadrilateral

In most plate elements using the Reissner-Mindlin assumptions, the interpolations used for the lateral displacements (w) and the rotation (θ) involve the independent representation of each variable by its nodal values, usually with identical interpolations. To ensure a higher order of expansion for displacement w its representation is linked in the present paper with both sets of nodal variables. Conditions necessary for the use of such expansions are established here and the paper shows the development of a linear quadrilateral element (Q4BL) whose performance and robustness are good (although it possesses one singularity if only three degrees of freedom are prescribed). In Part II we apply the identical formulation to develop a triangular element (T3BL) which performs equally well and is fully robust.
Enhancement of Summer Nitrogen Fixation by the Kuroshio Intrusion in the East China Sea and Southern Yellow Sea

The western boundary currents are characterized by abundant diazotrophs including Trichodesmium, which may fuel N2 fixation when they intrude into marginal seas. The Kuroshio, a western boundary current in the North Pacific, flows into the East China Sea (ECS) and southern Yellow Sea (SYS), which transports abundant Trichodesmium and diatom‐diazotroph associations (DDAs). Additionally, low nitrogen:phosphorus (N:P) ratio and relatively abundant dissolved iron have been observed in the offshore ECS because of the Kuroshio intrusion as well as riverine/atmospheric inputs of P and iron. We hypothesized that the intrusion of Kuroshio greatly enhanced N2 fixation in the ECS and SYS. N2 fixation rates (NFRs) were measured using a 15N2 bubble method during summer 2013. The surface and depth‐integrated NFRs in the ECS and SYS were 1.45 nmol N L−1 d−1 and 81.7 μmol N m−2 d−1 on average, respectively, with the highest values of 13.84 nmol N L−1 d−1 and 511.8 μmol N m−2 d−1. We found that NFRs were significantly higher in the ECS oceanic (Kuroshio water) and mesohaline regions (Kuroshio‐affected water) than in the SYS and the ECS low‐salinity and coastal upwelling regions. NFR was significantly positively correlated with the densities of Trichodesmium and DDAs, salinity, and temperature but was negatively with NO3− and N:P ratio. Generalized additive models confirmed that spatial variation in NFR was overwhelmingly contributed by Trichodesmium density. These findings suggested that the Kuroshio intrusion significantly enhanced N2 fixation in the ECS through promoting growth of filamentous diazotrophs and providing appropriate nutrient environment.
A Simple Model for N2 Line Oscillator Strengths of the b′ 1Σu+(1), c4′ 1Σ u+(0), b 1Πu+(4), b 1Πu+(5), and c3 1Πu+(0)–X 1Σg+(0) Bands

A simple model, based on fitting experimental energy term values, has been developed to calculate the line oscillator strengths (f) of N 2 b′ 1Σ(1), c 1Σ(0), b 1Π(4), b 1Π(5), and c3 1Π(0)-X 1Σ(0) bands. The strong rovibronic coupling among these states leads to quantum interference in the transition dipole matrix elements and results in anomalous P/R branch oscillator strength ratios. The calculated line oscillator strengths are in very good agreement with experimental values. The calculated values can be used for modeling atmospheric emission. Calculated line oscillator strengths for J' up to 30 are provided.
Order results for implicit Runge-Kutta methods applied to differential/algebraic systems

In this paper we study the order, stability and convergence properties of implicit Runge–Kutta methods applied to a relatively simple class of nonlinear differential/algebraic systems. These methods often do not attain the same order of accuracy for differential/algebraic systems as they do for purely differential systems. We derive a set of order conditions which the method coefficients should satisfy in addition to the usual order conditions to ensure a given order of accuracy, and we present results on the stability and convergence properties of these methods.
Anisotropic Poisson disk sampling

Poisson disk sampling is one of the most important and widely employed sampling methods for imaging and graphics applications. However, existing research so far has focused mainly on isotropic sampling, and challenges remain for the anisotropic scenario both in sample generation and quality veriﬁcation. We present anisotropic Poisson disk sampling to address these issues. On the generation side, we extend dart throwing, the classical method for generating isotropic samples, for anisotropic sampling, while ensuring both high-quality results and easy computation. On the ver-iﬁcation side, although Fourier spectrum analysis has been one of the most powerful and widely adopted tools, it is limited to uniform isotropic samples. We introduce approaches based on warping and sphere sampling that allow us to apply Fourier spectrum analysis for anisotropic samples, detecting problems in alternative anisotropic sampling techniques that were not yet found via prior veriﬁcation methods. We present several applications of our technique, including stippling, surface sampling, and 3D object distribution.