Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV and Associated Risk Factors Among Apparently Healthy Pregnant Women in Anyigba, Nigeria.

Globally, infection of pregnant women by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) pose a significant health challenge for not just the mothers but also the newborn infant. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Kogi State University Teaching Hospital (KSUTH), Anyigba, Nigeria. Sera samples obtained from 200 consented pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV, and anti-HIV antibodies using commercially available immunoassay test kit. Demographic variables and obstetric characteristic were obtained using structured questionnaire. Of the 200 sera tested, the seroprevalence rates were 1.0%, 0.5%, and 8.5% for HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV antibodies, respectively. Although 0.5% were coinfected with HIV/HCV, none was simultaneously infected by the three viruses. Age, marital status, trimester, and educational and occupational status did not significantly affect the prevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV infections. However, factors such as history of abortion/miscarriage (p = 0.04), intravenous drug use (p = 0.001), and history of other sexually transmitted infection (p = 0.01) were significantly higher in relation to HIV seropositivity. In conclusion, findings from this study revealed high HIV seroprevalence and a clear decline of hepatitis C and B infection prevalence compared with previous epidemiological data. Reason for the latter could be attributed to the current efforts to reduce mother-to-child transmission and possible HBV vaccination programs. High burden of HIV infection in our study suggests the needs to strengthen the national prevention programs including education of the people on the risk factors of HIV transmission.
The role of autophagy in maintaining intestinal mucosal barrier

The intestinal mucosal barrier is the first line to defense against luminal content penetration and performs numerous biological functions. The intestinal epithelium contains a huge surface that is lined by a monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). IECs are dominant mediators in maintaining intestinal homeostasis that drive diverse functions including nutrient absorption, physical segregation, secretion of antibacterial peptides, and modulation of immune responses. Autophagy is a cellular self‐protection mechanism in response to various stresses, and accumulating studies have revealed its importance in participating physiological processes of IECs. The regulatory effects of autophagy depend on the specific IEC types. This review aims to elucidate the myriad roles of autophagy in regulating the functions of different IECs (stem cells, enterocytes, goblet cells, and Paneth cells), and present the progress of autophagy‐targeting therapy in intestinal diseases. Understanding the involved mechanisms can provide new preventive and therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal dysfunction and diseases.
Deep Multi-View Learning Using Neuron-Wise Correlation-Maximizing Regularizers

Many machine learning problems are concerned with discovering or associating common patterns in data of multiple views or modalities. Multi-view learning is one of the methods to achieve such goals. Recent methods propose deep multi-view networks via adaptation of generic deep neural networks (DNNs), which concatenate features of individual views at intermediate network layers (i.e., fusion layers). In this paper, we study the problem of multi-view learning in such end-to-end networks. We take a regularization approach via multi-view learning criteria, and propose a novel, effective, and efficient neuron-wise correlation-maximizing regularizer. We implement our proposed regularizers collectively as a correlation-regularized network layer (CorrReg). CorrReg can be applied to either fully-connected or convolutional fusion layers, simply by replacing them with their CorrReg counterparts. By partitioning neurons of a hidden layer in generic DNNs into multiple subsets, we also consider a multi-view feature learning perspective of generic DNNs. Such a perspective enables us to study deep multi-view learning in the context of regularized network training, for which we present control experiments of benchmark image classification to show the efficacy of our proposed CorrReg. To investigate how CorrReg is useful for practical multi-view learning problems, we conduct experiments of RGB-D object/scene recognition and multi-view-based 3D object recognition, using networks with fusion layers that concatenate intermediate features of individual modalities or views for subsequent classification. Applying CorrReg to fusion layers of these networks consistently improves classification performance. In particular, we achieve the new state of the art on the benchmark RGB-D object and RGB-D scene datasets. We make the implementation of CorrReg publicly available.
Microbial Ecotoxicology of Marine Plastic Debris: A Review on Colonization and Biodegradation by the “Plastisphere”

Over the last decades, it has become clear that plastic pollution presents a global societal and environmental challenge given its increasing presence in the oceans. A growing literature has focused on the microbial life growing on the surfaces of these pollutants called the “plastisphere,” but the general concepts of microbial ecotoxicology have only rarely been integrated. Microbial ecotoxicology deals with (i) the impact of pollutants on microbial communities and inversely (ii) how much microbes can influence their biodegradation. The goal of this review is to enlighten the growing literature of the last 15 years on microbial ecotoxicology related to plastic pollution in the oceans. First, we focus on the impact of plastic on marine microbial life and on the various functions it ensures in the ecosystems. In this part, we also discuss the driving factors influencing biofilm development on plastic surfaces and the potential role of plastic debris as vector for dispersal of harmful pathogen species. Second, we give a critical view of the extent to which marine microorganisms can participate in the decomposition of plastic in the oceans and of the relevance of current standard tests for plastic biodegradability at sea. We highlight some examples of metabolic pathways of polymer biodegradation. We conclude with several questions regarding gaps in current knowledge of plastic biodegradation by marine microorganisms and the identification of possible directions for future research.
Weak symmetries of stochastic differential equations driven by semimartingales with jumps

Stochastic symmetries and related invariance properties of finite dimensional SDEs driven by general cadlag semimartingales taking values in Lie groups are defined and investigated. The considered set of SDEs, first introduced by S. Cohen, includes affine and Marcus type SDEs as well as smooth SDEs driven by Levy processes and iterated random maps. A natural extension to this general setting of reduction and reconstruction theory for symmetric SDEs is provided. Our theorems imply as special cases non trivial invariance results concerning a class of affine iterated random maps as well as symmetries for numerical schemes (of Euler and Milstein type) for Brownian motion driven SDEs.
Ejection of Double Knots from the Radio Core of PKS 1510–089 during the Strong Gamma-Ray Flares in 2015

PKS 1510–089 is a bright and active γ-ray source that showed strong and complex γ-ray flares in mid-2015 during which the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cerenkov telescopes detected variable very high energy (photon energies >100 GeV) emission. We present long-term multifrequency radio, optical, and γ-ray light curves of PKS 1510–089 from 2013 to 2018, and results of an analysis of the jet kinematics and linear polarization using 43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array data observed between late 2015 and mid-2017. We find that a strong radio flare trails the γ-ray flares in 2015, showing an optically thick spectrum at the beginning and becoming optically thin over time. Two laterally separated knots of emission are observed to emerge from the radio core nearly simultaneously during the γ-ray flares. We detect an edge-brightened linear polarization near the core in the active jet state in 2016, similar to the quiescent jet state in 2008–2013. These observations indicate that the γ-ray flares may originate from compression of the knots by a standing shock in the core and the jet might consist of multiple complex layers showing time-dependent behavior, rather than of a simple structure of a fast jet spine and a slow jet sheath.
Incidental memory for colour word associates processed in colour naming and reading aloud tasks: is a blue ocean more memorable than a yellow one?

ABSTRACT Congruency effects for colour word associates (e.g., ocean) have been reported in Stroop colour naming tasks. However, incidental memory for such words after word reading and colour naming tasks has not been examined. In the current study, participants incidentally recalled colour word associates (e.g., ocean) and neutral words (e.g., lawyer) immediately after naming their font colour (Experiment 1a) or reading them aloud (Experiment 1b). In both tasks, recall was better for congruent colour word associates (e.g., ocean appearing in blue) than incongruent colour word associates (e.g., ocean appearing in green) or neutral items (lawyer appearing in blue). This outcome is consistent with the idea that co-activation of a semantic colour code and a lexical representation strengthens the episodic memory representation and makes it more accessible.
Interference Analysis and Filter Parameters Optimization for Uplink Asynchronous F-OFDM Systems

Filtered-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (F-OFDM) is a candidate for 5G new waveform, which has flexible numerologies to support various scenarios and can combat interference of multi-users effectively with filters. However, although longer filter length and higher roll-off factor can suppress out of band radiation, inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI) will increase at the same time. Meanwhile, the wider guard band reduce inter-user interference (IUI) at the cost of higher spectrum occupancy. To meet target bit error rate (BER) requirements of all users and maximize the spectrum efficiency, a filter parameter and guard bandwidth optimization model was proposed to design related parameters dynamically for uplink asynchronous F-OFDM system, where users are allocated with different numerologies. We present a detailed theoretical derivation on ISI, ICI, and IUI for BER calculation, and the theoretical derivation of IUI in multi-user scenario with different subcarrier spacing between users is first presented. The formulated problem is proved to be a non-convex NP hard problem and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) is applied for a desirable solution. The simulation results show that the theoretical derivations are valid and the proposed filter parameter and guard bandwidth optimization model can achieve higher spectrum efficiency than the fixed filter parameters in F-OFDM while outperforms traditional OFDM.
Developmental silencing of the AtTERT gene is associated with increased H 3 K 27 e 3 lo ding and maintenance of its euchromatic environment

In mammals, cadmium is widely considered as a non-genotoxic carcinogen acting through a methylation-dependent epigenetic mechanism. Here, the effects of Cd treatment on the DNA methylation patten are examined together with its effect on chromatin reconfiguration in Posidonia oceanica. DNA methylation level and pattern were analysed in actively growing organs, under short(6 h) and long(2 d or 4 d) term and low (10 mM) and high (50 mM) doses of Cd, through a Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism technique and an immunocytological approach, respectively. The expression of one member of the CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT) family, a DNA methyltransferase, was also assessed by qRT-PCR. Nuclear chromatin ultrastructure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Cd treatment induced a DNA hypermethylation, as well as an up-regulation of CMT, indicating that de novo methylation did indeed occur. Moreover, a high dose of Cd led to a progressive heterochromatinization of interphase nuclei and apoptotic figures were also observed after long-term treatment. The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase. Such changes are linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin. Overall, the data show an epigenetic basis to the mechanism underlying Cd toxicity in plants.
The multifaceted role of aspartate-family ami o acids in plant abolism

In mammals, cadmium is widely considered as a non-genotoxic carcinogen acting through a methylation-dependent epigenetic mechanism. Here, the effects of Cd treatment on the DNA methylation patten are examined together with its effect on chromatin reconfiguration in Posidonia oceanica. DNA methylation level and pattern were analysed in actively growing organs, under short(6 h) and long(2 d or 4 d) term and low (10 mM) and high (50 mM) doses of Cd, through a Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism technique and an immunocytological approach, respectively. The expression of one member of the CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT) family, a DNA methyltransferase, was also assessed by qRT-PCR. Nuclear chromatin ultrastructure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Cd treatment induced a DNA hypermethylation, as well as an up-regulation of CMT, indicating that de novo methylation did indeed occur. Moreover, a high dose of Cd led to a progressive heterochromatinization of interphase nuclei and apoptotic figures were also observed after long-term treatment. The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase. Such changes are linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin. Overall, the data show an epigenetic basis to the mechanism underlying Cd toxicity in plants.
Cros talk betw e above-and belowground herbivores is mediated by minute metabolic responses of the host Arabidopsis thaliana

In mammals, cadmium is widely considered as a non-genotoxic carcinogen acting through a methylation-dependent epigenetic mechanism. Here, the effects of Cd treatment on the DNA methylation patten are examined together with its effect on chromatin reconfiguration in Posidonia oceanica. DNA methylation level and pattern were analysed in actively growing organs, under short(6 h) and long(2 d or 4 d) term and low (10 mM) and high (50 mM) doses of Cd, through a Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism technique and an immunocytological approach, respectively. The expression of one member of the CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT) family, a DNA methyltransferase, was also assessed by qRT-PCR. Nuclear chromatin ultrastructure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Cd treatment induced a DNA hypermethylation, as well as an up-regulation of CMT, indicating that de novo methylation did indeed occur. Moreover, a high dose of Cd led to a progressive heterochromatinization of interphase nuclei and apoptotic figures were also observed after long-term treatment. The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase. Such changes are linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin. Overall, the data show an epigenetic basis to the mechanism underlying Cd toxicity in plants.
Intergenerational transmission of family adversity: Examining constellations of risk factors

This study adopts a socio-ecological approach to examine multiple factors and processes assumed to shape the intergenerational transmission of social disadvantage, including influences of social change, social causation and social selection. Moving beyond approaches focusing on cumulative risk indices, this study uses latent class analysis to examine how different socio-economic and psycho-social risk factors combine within families and to what extent and how constellations of risk are transmitted from one generation to the next. We draw on data collected for the longitudinal and national representative 1970 British Cohort Study, comprising information on more than 11,000 cohort members and their parents. We identified four distinct risk configurations among the parent generation (G1): low-risk families (57.6%), high-risk families (16.3%), high-risk single-parents (24%) and ethnic minority families (2.1%). Within their offspring (G2) we identified five distinct risk configurations: low-risk families (62%), low-risk no-children (15.1%), moderate-risk single parents (10.1%), moderate-risk large families (8.9%), high socio-economic and high psycho-social risk (4%). There is evidence of structural mobility, and the findings suggest that intergenerational transmission of disadvantage is not just a systemic tendency towards social reproduction, but also reflects processes of social change and social selection. We conclude that a socio-ecological model provides a useful framework for a more comprehensive understanding of the multiple processes involved in the transmission of inter-cohort inequality.
Cotton GhMKK 5 affects isease resistan e , induces HR-like cell de h , and reduces the tolera ce to salt and drought stress in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana

In mammals, cadmium is widely considered as a non-genotoxic carcinogen acting through a methylation-dependent epigenetic mechanism. Here, the effects of Cd treatment on the DNA methylation patten are examined together with its effect on chromatin reconfiguration in Posidonia oceanica. DNA methylation level and pattern were analysed in actively growing organs, under short(6 h) and long(2 d or 4 d) term and low (10 mM) and high (50 mM) doses of Cd, through a Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism technique and an immunocytological approach, respectively. The expression of one member of the CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT) family, a DNA methyltransferase, was also assessed by qRT-PCR. Nuclear chromatin ultrastructure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Cd treatment induced a DNA hypermethylation, as well as an up-regulation of CMT, indicating that de novo methylation did indeed occur. Moreover, a high dose of Cd led to a progressive heterochromatinization of interphase nuclei and apoptotic figures were also observed after long-term treatment. The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase. Such changes are linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin. Overall, the data show an epigenetic basis to the mechanism underlying Cd toxicity in plants.
Momentum-Space Atom Correlations in a Mott Insulator

We report on the investigation of the three-dimensional single-atom-resolved distributions of bosonic Mott insulators in momentum-space. Firstly, we measure the two-body and three-body correlations deep in the Mott regime, finding a perfectly contrasted bunching whose periodicity reproduces the reciprocal lattice. In addition, we show that the two-body correlation length is inversely proportional to the in-trap size of the Mott state with a pre-factor in agreement with the prediction for an incoherent state occupying a uniformly filled lattice. Our findings indicate that the momentum-space correlations of a Mott insulator at small tunnelling is that of a many-body ground-state with Gaussian statistics. Secondly, in the Mott insulating regime with increasing tunnelling, we extract the spectral weight of the quasi-particles from the momentum density profiles. On approaching the transition towards a superfluid, the momentum spread of the spectral weight is found to decrease as a result of the increased mobility of the quasi-particles in the lattice. While the shapes of the observed spectral weight agree with the ones predicted by perturbative many-body calculations, the fitted mobilities are larger than the theoretical ones. This discrepancy is similar to that previously reported on the time-of-flight visibility.
Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Elderly Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction　- An Analysis From a Japanese Nationwide Claim-Based Database.

BACKGROUND Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is strongly recommended by guidelines for patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but its applications in elderly patients are less clear.Methods and Results:The JROAD-DPC is a Japanese nationwide registry for patients with cardiovascular diseases combined with an administrative claim-based database. Among 2,369,165 records from 2012 to 2015, data for 115,407 AMI patients were extracted for this study. Elderly patients (≥75 years) comprised 45,645 subjects (39.6%), and received pPCI less frequently (62.2%) than younger patients (79.2%, P<0.001). Clinical variables such as higher age, female sex, higher Killip class, and renal dysfunction, but not functional status on admission, were predictors of non-application of pPCI. Endpoint 30-day mortality increased with aging, and was significantly higher in elderly patients (10.7%) than in younger patients (3.8%, P<0.001). Indeed, pPCI was independently associated with lower 30-day mortality only in subgroups of patients aged ≥60 years. Propensity score-matching analysis confirmed a similar reduction in endpoint 30-day mortality with pPCI in elderly patients. Duration of hospitalization was significantly shorter and functional ability on discharge was significantly better in elderly patients who underwent pPCI. CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients with AMI underwent pPCI less frequently, but it was consistently associated with better clinical outcome in these patients. Our findings support the proactive application of pPCI for elderly AMI patients when they are eligible for an invasive strategy.