Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cosmogenic Nuclide Tracking of Sediment Recycling From a Frontal Siwalik Range in the Northwestern Himalaya

The Himalayan orogen exports millions of tons of sediment annually to the Indo‐Gangetic foreland basin, derived from both hinterland and foreland fold‐thrust belts (FTB). Although erosion rates in the hinterland are well‐constrained, erosion rates in the foreland FTB and, by extension, the sediment flux have remained poorly constrained. Here, we quantified erosion rates and sediment flux from the Mohand Range in the northwestern Himalaya by modeling and measuring the cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) 10Be and 26Al concentrations in modern fluvial sediments. Our model uses local geological and geophysical constraints and accounts for CRN inheritance and sediment recycling, which enables us to determine the relative contributions of the hinterland and foreland FTB sources to the CRN budget of the proximal foreland deposits. Our model predictions closely match measured concentrations for a crustal shortening rate across the Mohand Range of 8.0 ± 0.5 mm yr−1 (i.e., approximately 50% of the total shortening across the Himalaya at this longitude) since 0.75−0.06+0.02 $0.7{5}_{-0.06}^{+0.02}$ Ma. This shortening implies a spatial gradient in erosion rates ranging from 0.42 ± 0.03 to 4.92 ± 0.34 mm yr−1, controlled by the geometry of the underlying structure. This erosion pattern corresponds to an annual sediment recycling of ∼2.0 megatons from the Mohand Range to the downstream Yamuna foreland. Converted to sediment fluxes per unit width along the Himalaya, the foreland FTB accounts for ∼21% ± 5% of the total flux entering the foreland. Because these sediments have lower 10Be concentrations than hinterland‐derived sediment, they would lead to ∼14% overestimation of 10Be‐derived erosion rates, based on Yamuna sediments in the proximal foreland.
It’s Not a Bug, It’s a Feature!

Wer Videospiele spielt, kommt früher oder später mit Bestimmtheit auch in den Genuss von Fehlern. Sogenannte Bugs oder Glitches stellen ein grosses Ärgernis für Spieler/innen dar. Sie können zu Abstürzen führen, den Spielern/innen unfaire Vorteile verschaffen, die Immersion zerstören und bisweilen das Weiterspielen sogar ganz verunmöglichen. In dem vorliegenden Artikel stehen jedoch nicht diese negativen Aspekte von Fehlern in Videospielen im Vordergrund. Der Aufsatz stellt die Frage, ob bzw. wie Bugs bisweilen auch zu einem schöpferischen und innovativen Element werden können, und arbeitet dabei mit verschiedenen Beispielen: Es geht einerseits um das ästhetische Potenzial von Fehlern, deren humoristische Verwertung sowie um ihre Rolle bei der Implementierung neuer Spielmechaniken. Viele der Überlegungen stützen sich implizit auf die Kreativitätstheorie Arthur Koestlers, die in einem letzten Abschnitt nochmals explizit in Bezug auf das Thema des Artikels ausformuliert wird. Er soll der theoretischen Unterfütterung dienen sowie die besprochenen Einzelphänomene in einen breiteren Kontext stellen.
Viability of periodontal ligament cells in selected transport media for avulsed teeth

To compare the viability of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells stored in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) with those in readily available transport media over a variable period of time. Methods: Periodontal ligament cells harvested from premolars freshly extracted for orthodontic reasons were cultured for exponential growth. The cells were exposed to egg white, evaporated milk, water and Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) at room temperature. Their viability was evaluated after 30 minutes, 1 hour and 3 hours with the tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric assay (MTT assay). Statistical analysis was done using the IBM® SPSS version 23.0 software. Comparison between the Mean Optical Densities (MODs) of the cells stored in HBSS and other media at each time interval was done using the independent t test. Repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test were also carried out to compare the MOD of cells within each medium over time. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. Result: The PDL cells stored in egg white had higher MODs than those in HBSS at 30 minutes and 1 hour. Conversely, the MODs of the cells stored in milk and water were lower than those in HBSS at all the studied points. There was a significant difference in the viability of the cells stored in HBSS and water at all the time points (p<0.05). Conclusion: For up to an hour, egg white was found to perform better than HBSS in supporting the viability of PDL cells.
EEG Classification while Listening to Murottal Al-Quran and Classical Music using Random Forest Method

This study is aimed to classify the brain activity of adolescents associated with audio stimuli; murottal Al-Quran and classical music. The raw data were filtered using Independent Component Analisys (ICA) and followed by band-pass filter in Python on the Google Colab Extraction was processed with Power Spectral Density (PSD) and the Random Forest Method in Weka Machine Learning was used for classification. The research results showed the same results between the two types of stimulation, namely the order of brain waves from highest to lowest were delta, alpha, theta and beta. The average brain waves of teenagers when given murottal al-Quran stimulation were 45.32% delta, 31.60% alpha, 17.02 theta and 6.05% beta. Meanwhile, the average brain waves of teenagers when given classical music stimulation were 46.54% delta, 28.64% alpha, 19.21% theta and 5.50% beta. Classification is obtained with the best value that frequently appears (mode) from the prediction results for each sample using random forest methods. The accuracy, precision, and recall of classifying adolescent brain waves when given murottal and classical music stimuli using the Random Forest method with cross-validation technique (optimum at k-fold=5) were 65.38%, 76.92%, and 70.00%, respectively. The results of this study show that stimulation using murottal al-Quran and classical music effectively improves adolescent relaxation conditions.
Staging of Laryngeal Cancer: Clinicoradiological versus Histopathological Findings using Modified Laryngeal Sectioning

INTRODUCTION: Laryngeal cancer is commonly encountered in India. Post operative whole organ sectioning of the larynx, although informative, can often be tedious and cumbersome. This study aims to define a modified method of laryngeal sectioning and to assess its level of agreement with pre-operative clinicoradiological findings with regard to T-stage of laryngeal cancer. METHODOLOGY: Prospective study was conducted on 15 patients diagnosed with laryngeal carcinoma, who underwent total laryngectomy with neck dissection. The pre-operative clinicoradiological T-stage, was compared to the post-operative pathological T-stage, obtained after histopathological examination of sections taken from relevant areas of the total laryngectomy specimen using modified laryngeal sectioning. RESULTS: When compared to the pathological staging obtained after modified laryngeal sectioning, clinical T-staging over-staged the tumour in 3 cases and under-staged the tumour in 2 cases, and was similar in the remaining 10 cases. The level of agreement in determining the T-stage was ‘fair’. CONCLUSION: The T-stages determined by pre-operative clinicoradiological findings and post-operative histopathological findings after modified laryngeal sectioning, were similar in two-third cases. While whole organ laryngeal sectioning remains the gold standard, it is often a costly and cumbersome process. We propose the use of representative tissue samples from the areas of interest for histopathological examination, obtained by sectioning the larynx at relevant points only, as it saves time and is less resource intensive.
Numerical simulation and experimental study on water flow in Y-type tube

A series of experiments and numerical simulation of water flow in the Y type tube with circular cross section have been carried on to meet the request of the design for fork tube in the Yixing Hydropower Plant. The SIMPLE method is applied in the calculations of Reynolds averaged flow equation and k e turbulence equation. By using DPIV system and pressure difference gauge, the detail measurement of water flow in the horizontal plane of fork tube is made. It is shown that the calculation result is in good agreement with the experimental data including the water head loss and flow pattern. It is also concluded that the flow losses of reverse flow in branches are larger than that of direct flow. Under the condition of the same velocity, the flow energy losse in single tube is larger than that in double tube. Energy losses of direct flow in single tube are larger than that of reverse flow.
On the gradient artifacts in migration velocity analysis based on differential semblance optimization

Differential Semblance Optimization (DSO) has been shown to be a stable and robust formalism for a number of seismic inverse problems. It has been shown to work well for Wave-Equation migration velocity analysis (MVA), which may overcome some of the problems of ray-based methods. However, velocity updates calculated from the DSO-MVA gradient suffer from artifacts in the form of strong near-vertical stripes, which are not seen in ray tomography or some other formulations of wave-equation MVA. We analyze the source of these artifacts and propose a modification to the update search direction to avoid them. Numerical tests confirm our approach, which eliminates this kind of artifact and speeds up convergence.
Role of epigenetics and the transcription factor Sp1 in the expression of the D prostanoid receptor 1 in human cartilage

D prostanoid receptor 1 (DP1), a prostaglandin D2 receptor, plays a central role in the modulation of inflammation and cartilage metabolism. We have previously shown that activation of DP1 signaling downregulated catabolic responses in cultured chondrocytes and was protective in mouse osteoarthritis (OA). However, the mechanisms underlying its transcriptional regulation in cartilage remained poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the human DP1 promoter and the role of DNA methylation in DP1 expression in chondrocytes. In addition, we analyzed the expression level and methylation status of the DP1 gene promoter in normal and OA cartilage. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis analyses identified a minimal promoter region (−250/−120) containing three binding sites for specificity protein 1 (Sp1). Binding of Sp1 to the DP1 promoter was confirmed using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Treatment with the Sp1 inhibitor mithramycin A reduced DP1 promoter activity and DP1 mRNA expression. Inhibition of DNA methylation by 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine upregulated DP1 expression, and in vitro methylation reduced the DP1 promoter activity. Neither the methylation status of the DP1 promoter nor the DP1 expression level were different between normal and OA cartilage. In conclusion, our results suggest that the transcription factor Sp1 and DNA methylation are important determinants of DP1 transcription regulation. They also suggest that the methylation status and expression level of DP1 are not altered in OA cartilage. These findings will improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of DP1 transcription and may facilitate the development of intervention strategies involving DP1.
A New Shapley-Based Feature Selection Method in a Clinical Decision Support System for the Identification of Lung Diseases

The aim of this study is to propose a new feature selection method based on the class-based contribution of Shapley values. For this purpose, a clinical decision support system was developed to assist doctors in their diagnosis of lung diseases from lung sounds. The developed systems, which are based on the Decision Tree Algorithm (DTA), create a classification for five different cases: healthy and disease (URTI, COPD, Pneumonia, and Bronchiolitis) states. The most important reason for using a Decision Tree Classifier instead of other high-performance classifiers such as CNN and RNN is that the class contributions of Shapley values can be seen with this classifier. The systems developed consist of either a single DTA classifier or five parallel DTA classifiers each of which is optimized to make a binary classification such as healthy vs. others, COPD vs. Others, etc. Feature sets based on Power Spectral Density (PSD), Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), and statistical characteristics extracted from lung sound recordings were used in these classifications. The results indicate that employing features selected based on the class-based contribution of Shapley values, along with utilizing an ensemble (parallel) system, leads to improved classification performance compared to performances using either raw features alone or traditional use of Shapley values.
Dynastine scarab beetle pollination in Dieffenbachia longispatha (Araceae) on Barro Colorado Island (Panama) compared with La Selva Biological Station (Costa Rica)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between two flowering populations of Dieffenbachia longispatha; one on Barro Colorado Island, Panama and the other at La Selva Biological Sta­ tion, Costa Rica. The Barro Colorado pop­ ulation exhibited green spathes and 10-15 loosely packed bright orange female flo­ rets in the lower spadix zone, compared to the La Selva populations, which had slightly larger yellow-green spathes and 40-50 densely packed yellow female flo­ rets in the lower spadix zone. Other dif­ ferences included floral odor, which was sweet and spicy in the Barro Colorado population and rancid smelling on La Sel­ va plants, together with numbers, species and timings of beetle visitors. On Barro Colorado the dominant beetle visitors were Cyclocephala gravis and Cyclocepha­ la sexpunctata compared to Cyclocephala amblyopsis and Cyclocephala gravis at La Selva. In conclusion, the effects of selec­ tion by the local beetle populations in each locality appears to have led to the evolution of different sub-species of D. longispatha on Barro Colorado Island in Panama and at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica.
RESEARCH ARTICLE INVESTIGATION FOR HEAVY ELEMENTS TO SOME CANNED FOOD WHICH AVAILABLE IN LOCAL MARKETS

Article History: Received 16, April, 2014 Received in revised form 25, April, 2014 Accepted 15, May, 2014 Published online 28, May, 2014 Canned food is one of the main source of exposure to heavy metals for people around world . Canned food samples from local markets in Diyala province was collected and used to investigate for heavy metal including (Pb, Fe, Cr and Ni). Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals . The results of this study showed that there were contamination with Pb, Fe and Cr in canned food while two of these metals not detected (Cd and Ni) in present study. This study concluded that many canned food may contaminated with heavy metals and more studies must be done to investigate of these materials.
Teacher and Student’s Expectation towards Biochemistry STEM-based Module in Promoting Critical Thinking and Creativity

This research aims to describe the expectations of teachers and students towards STEM-based Biochemistry modules in promoting critical thinking and creativity. An interdisciplinary approach and appropriate learning module involving elements of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) integrated into the Engineering Design Process (EDP) are deemed to improve student learning experiences through problem-solving activities in the real world. This study used a qualitative descriptive method through a survey. The subject is teachers of Biochemistry courses and students who have taken Biochemistry courses and fill out the survey voluntarily. Research data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that teachers and students expect the modules need to include contextual materials and integrate the elements of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, and the presentation of learning materials should be interactive and attractive. This research will be a reference in developing STEM-based Biochemistry teaching materials that can develop students' critical thinking skills and creativity.
EasyEyes — A new method for accurate fixation in online vision testing

Online methods allow testing of larger, more diverse populations, with much less effort than in-lab testing. However, many psychophysical measurements, including visual crowding, require accurate eye fixation, which is classically achieved by testing only experienced observers who have learned to fixate reliably, or by using a gaze tracker to restrict testing to moments when fixation is accurate. Alas, both approaches are impractical online as online observers tend to be inexperienced, and online gaze tracking, using the built-in webcam, has a low precision (±4 deg). EasyEyes open-source software reliably measures peripheral thresholds online with accurate fixation achieved in a novel way, without gaze tracking. It tells observers to use the cursor to track a moving crosshair. At a random time during successful tracking, a brief target is presented in the periphery. The observer responds by identifying the target. To evaluate EasyEyes fixation accuracy and thresholds, we tested 12 naive observers in three ways in a counterbalanced order: first, in the laboratory, using gaze-contingent stimulus presentation; second, in the laboratory, using EasyEyes while independently monitoring gaze using EyeLink 1000; third, online at home, using EasyEyes. We find that crowding thresholds are consistent and individual differences are conserved. The small root mean square (RMS) fixation error (0.6 deg) during target presentation eliminates the need for gaze tracking. Thus, this method enables fixation-dependent measurements online, for easy testing of larger and more diverse populations.
Towards a comprehensive model of human resource development research and practice: A systematic literature review

Although several models have been proposed to guide practitioners and academics in human resource development (HRD), there is sufficient manifestation that a new HRD model is required to address emerging HRD problems such as cultural variation and value systems across the globe, the need to strengthen the theoretical foundation of HRD research and practice, and the incompleteness of HRD research methods. The purpose of this study was to propose a comprehensive HRD model that will address these problems in order to make HRD more responsive to the current needs in HRD research and practice. Bozer and Jones’s (2018) seven-phase systematic literature review approach was adopted to gather data for this study. The available data were analyzed using thematic analysis. It was found that the proposed HRD model was capable of helping HRD practitioners to choose appropriate HRD practices that will match their culture and value systems, and guide them on the methods and theories to apply in their respective locations. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that the proposed HRD model can address the problems currently facing HRD research and practice.
Gully Erosion Rates and Analysis of Determining Factors: A Case Study from the Semi‐arid Main Ethiopian Rift Valley

The assessment of temporal interactions between environmental change (land use, vegetation cover) and gully erosion is one of the important challenges in gully erosion research. In this study, the combination of photogrammetric techniques using small‐scale aerial photographs and analysis based on volume–length relationships was used to: (i) estimate the erosion rate of gully networks in the semi‐arid main Ethiopian Rift Valley and (ii) determine variables that significantly influence the gully erosion rate at three periods (1957, 1972 and 2005) and establish their correlation with the volume of the gully networks in each period. The area‐specific gully erosion rate (gully erosion rate per unit area) from 1957 to 2005 of the gully networks in 12 study catchments was 16·2 Mg ha−1 y−1, a finding in accord with results from other case studies in the East African highlands. Over the three periods of 1957, 1972 and 2005, it was found that: (i) catchment topography and gully morphological variables strongly correlate with the total volume of gully networks; (ii) rainfall, soil texture and slope gradient variables strongly correlate with both the area‐specific volume of the gully networks and drainage density; and (iii) land use/cover in each period plays a minor role in controlling the total volume and the area‐specific volume of the gully networks and drainage density, but when the land use/cover is expressed in temporal variables, it strongly correlates with the rates of gully erosion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pb isotopic domains from the Indian Ocean sector of Antarctica: implications for past Antarctica–India connections

Abstract New feldspar lead isotope compositions of crystalline rocks from the Indian Ocean sector of East Antarctica, in conjunction with the review of data from elsewhere within the continent and from continents formerly adjacent within Gondwana, refine boundaries and evolutionary histories of terranes previously inferred from geological mapping and complementary isotope studies. Coastal Archaean Vestfold and Napier complexes have overlapping compositions and had Pb isotopes homogenized at 2.5 Ga sourced from or within already fractionated protoliths with high and variable U–Pb. Identical compositions from the Dharwar Craton of India support a correlation with these Antarctic terranes. The Proterozoic–Palaeozoic Rayner Complex and Prydz Belt yield more radiogenic compositions and are broadly similar and strongly suggest these units correlate with parts of the Eastern Ghats Belt of India. A strikingly different signature is evident from the inboard Ruker Complex, which yielded unradiogenic compositions. This complex is unlike any unit within India or Australia, suggesting that these rocks represent exposures of an Antarctic (Crohn) Craton. Compositions from the enigmatic Rauer Terrane are consistent with a shared early history with the Ruker Complex but with a different post-Archaean evolution. Supplementary material: Feldspar LA-ICP-MS Pb isotope data are available at www.geolsoc. org.uk/SUP18622
Life aspirations and health in Canada: A patient-oriented study.

Research in self-determination theory has focused on intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations and their unique antecedents and consequences. Most studies, however, have focused on mental health and less on physical, emotional, and social health. Studies on life aspirations and health have also been limited in demographic representation, scope, and measurement. The present study addresses these issues by examining, among a diversesampleofCanadianmedicalpatients,howtherelativecentralityofintrinsicversusextrinsicaspirations relatestoone ’ s overall health status. A total of 261 (64%) participants completed an online survey, containing demographicquestionsandtwoquestionnaires — theAspirations IndexandShort-FormHealthSurvey. Factor analysis was ﬁ rst performed to con ﬁ rm hypotheses about aspiration factor loadings. Pearson coef ﬁ cients were then used to assess how the aspiration, demographic, and health items intercorrelated. Controlling for signi ﬁ cant demographic factors, hierarchical regression analyses were then conducted to determine how the relative centrality of intrinsic versus extrinsic aspirations related to health status. The intrinsic and extrinsic aspirationsloadedaccordingtohypotheses.Regressionanalysesshowedthatplacingmoreimportanceon,andparticularlyattaining,intrinsicaspirationsrelatedpositivelytophysical,emotional,mental,andsocialhealth. Conversely,placingmoreimportanceon,andparticularlyattaining,extrinsicaspirationsrelatednegativelyto these health outcomes. Findings add to the research base and raise new and important questions about how different life aspirations relate to human health and functioning.